bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Mineral Acid Doping of PEDOT:PSS and Its Application in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yang Ke , Chen Rui , Zhou Yongli , Chen Shanshan , Zheng Yujie , Li Meng , Xu Chaohe , Tang Xiaosheng , Zang Zhigang , Sun Kuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most successful conducting polymers in terms of commercialization. A method to readily obtain highly conductive and transparent PEDOT:PSS films is urgently needed. A simple method is introduced to enhance the conductivity of such films dramatically. By adding a series of mineral acids into the PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution directly, the conductivity is enhanced by 3–4 orders of magnitude. Mechanistic study reveals that the conductivity enhancement is dependent on boiling point, pKa value, softness parameter, and oxidability of the dopant acid. Specifically, acids with high boiling point, low pKa, and low softness parameter are able to induce phase separation between PEDOT and PSS, leading to secondary doping. If the dopant acid exhibits strong oxidability, the conductivity can also be enhanced via primary doping. H2SO4‐doped PEDOT:PSS films exhibit the highest conductivity of 2244 S cm−1. These films are employed as the transparent electrodes of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT)‐based organic photovoltaic cells, and the power conversation efficiency reaches 3.13%. These results suggest direct acid doping of PEDOT:PSS solution is a facile approach to obtain highly flexible transparent electrodes.
Electrical Control of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Spin‐Orbit Torque‐Induced Magnetization Switching
Authors: Huang Qikun , Dong Yanan , Zhao Xiaonan , Wang Jing , Chen Yanxue , Bai Lihui , Dai Ying , Dai Youyong , Yan Shishen , Tian Yufeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVoltage‐driven oxygen ion migration in ferromagnetic metal/oxide heterostructures offers a highly effective means to tailor emergent interfacial functionalities. In heterojunctions with a core structure of Pt/Co/CoO/TiO2 (TaOx), it is demonstrated that exchange coupling of magnetic moments across the Co/CoO interface provides an extra source to stabilize the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Moreover, the strength of this interfacial coupling can be reversibly controlled through voltage‐driven oxygen ion migration at the Co/CoO interface, resulting in electrical‐field‐controllable PMA. In combination with the spin current generated from Pt, it is revealed that the spin‐orbit torque (SOT) switching of the perpendicular magnetization of Co can be turned ON/OFF by electrical field. Tunable PMA and SOT switching makes heavy metal/ferromagnetic metal/antiferromagnetic oxide heterojunctions a promising candidate to future voltage‐controlled, ultralow‐power, and high‐density spintronics devices.
Multifield‐Inspired Tunable Carrier Effects Based on Ferroelectric‐Silicon PN Heterojunction
Authors: Lou Jing , Ma Hua , Wang Jun , Yang Ruisheng , Dong Bowen , Yu Ying , Wang Jiafu , Zhang Fuli , Fan Yuancheng , Feng Mingde , Li Zhiqiang , Nan Cewen , Qu Shaobo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTuning the carrier behavior in a heterostructure is important for designing well‐performing electro‐optical devices. Scientific research has mainly focused on 2D and layered materials due to their high carrier mobility. Ferroelectrics exhibit a strong response to external fields and are widely employed in microwave and terahertz (THz) tunable devices. By constructing a ferroelectric‐silicon PN heterojunction, a new strategy is proposed to construct a nonequilibrium carrier layer and achieve tunable carrier effects under multifield coupling. Theoretically, the formation of a carrier layer based on the interaction between free carriers and bound surface charges is analyzed, and a design method for PN heterojunction engineering is presented. Experimentally, a PN heterojunction of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin film on silicon substrate is constructed, and three tunable carrier effects are achieved. A broadband tunable THz modulator with an amplitude modulation depth of 99.5% is realized, which is superior to other works. The volt–ampere effect of the PN heterojunction can be dynamically adjusted. The shape of the hysteresis loops can be dynamically controlled in real time. This proposed strategy for carrier modulation is a giant step forward in ferroelectrics applications and a path for the development of electro‐optical applications with new materials.
Effect of Cationic Interface Defects on Band Alignment and Contact Resistance in Metal/Oxide Heterojunctions
Authors: Andrä Michael , Funck Carsten , Raab Nicolas , Rose Marc‐André , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Dvorˇák Filip , Šmíd Brˇetislav , Matolín Vladimír , Mueller David N. , Dittmann Regina , Waser Rainer , Menzel Stephan , Gunkel Felix 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeterojunctions between high‐work‐function metals and metal oxides typically lead to Schottky‐type transport barriers resulting from charge transfer between the neighboring materials. These yield versatile electronic functionality exploited for current rectification, memristive behavior, or photocatalysis. Height, width, and shape of the interfacial transport barrier are strongly affected by charge screening via ionic defects, which are often extremely difficult to probe. The ionic nature of a variable contact resistance in heterojunctions between Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (Nb:SrTiO3) and platinum is explored. A control of cationic vacancy defects at the interface is achieved by different annealing procedures in oxidizing and reducing conditions before establishing Pt/Nb:SrTiO3 heterojunctions. Detailed analysis of electronic transport across the heterojunctions reveal significantly varied transport barriers resulting from the cationic defect structure at the interface. These findings are supported by conductive‐tip atomic force microscopy and in situ photoemission spectroscopy showing diminished conductivity of the Nb:SrTiO3 surface and the formation of an insulating surface skin layer after oxygenation. At high doping level, oxygen stoichiometry cannot explain the observed behavior. The increased transport barrier height is therefore linked to strontium vacancy defects. The tailored cation disorder yields access to the ionic control of electronic transport in functional oxide heterojunctions.
Electric‐Field‐Assisted Enhanced Electron Transfer to Boost Supercapacitor Negative Electrode Performance for a Fabricated Fe7S8/α‐FeOOH Nano‐Heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Dongbin , Kong Xianggui , Zhang Fazhi , Lei Xiaodong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe shortcoming of Fe‐based materials, their poor electron transfer efficiency, restricts their electrochemical performance severely. An electric field (E) is induced by an Fe7S8/α‐FeOOH nano‐heterostructure (SACF) via two simple immersion steps at room temperature. The charge transfer from α‐FeOOH to Fe7S8 spontaneously establishes an intrinsic electric field at the Fe7S8/α‐FeOOH nano‐heterostructure boundary. Additionally, the relationship between structure and property is investigated by structural characterization and density functional theory calculations that are used to explain the electron transfer mechanism and good wettability in KOH electrolyte. The results indicate that the electric field accelerates the electron transfer rate during charge/discharge process, provides the most of active materials (both Fe7S8 and α‐FeOOH) and facilitates the contact of active material with electrolyte. When used as the supercapacitor negative electrode, the SACF delivers superior specific capacity of 520.27 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density, 2.5 times that of the ACF (α‐FeOOH nanosheet array), and shows excellent cycle life and rate capacity. This work introduces the consideration of electric field into fabricating an effective supercapacitor negative electrode, and helps to understand the function mechanism of nano‐heterojunction when designed in electrode materials.
Tailoring the Pore Size of a Polypropylene Separator with a Polymer Having Intrinsic Nanoporosity for Suppressing the Polysulfide Shuttle in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Wu Hao , Koo Joseph H. , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are being considered as one of the most promising candidates for the development of next‐generation energy storage technologies. Although much progress has been made over the past decade, the development of Li–S batteries is still held back by a crucial polysulfide‐shuttle problem. To address this critical issue, an approach to reduce the pore size of the separator is presented here, to prevent the penetration of soluble polysulfide species. A polymer with intrinsic nanoporosity (PIN) is developed within the micrometer‐scale pores of a polypropylene separator. The framework of polypropylene acts as a skeleton to sustain reliable mechanical properties with the thin membrane. Upon the formation of PIN in the pores, the polypropylene separator maintains its thickness. With the thin PIN–polypropylene membrane, the Li–S cells can be operated with a relatively high sulfur loading. The PIN allows the transport of Li+ ions, but suppresses the penetration of the polysulfide species. The Li–S batteries with the PIN‐modified polypropylene separator exhibit enhanced cycling performance.
Gain‐of‐function mutations in PIEZO1 directly impair hepatic iron metabolism via the inhibition of the BMP/SMADs pathway
Authors: Andolfo Immacolata , Rosato Barbara Eleni , Manna Francesco , De Rosa Gianluca , Marra Roberta , Gambale Antonella , Girelli Domenico , Russo Roberta , Iolascon Achille 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS), or xerocytosis, is an autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia. Most patients with DHS carry mutations in the PIEZO1 gene encoding a mechanosensitive cation channel. We here demonstrate that patients with DHS have low levels of hepcidin and only a slight increase of ERFE, the erythroid negative regulator of hepcidin. We demonstrated that at the physiological level, PIEZO1 activation induced Ca2+ influx and suppression of HAMP expression in primary hepatocytes. In two hepatic cellular models expressing PIEZO1 WT and two PIEZO1 gain‐of‐function mutants (R2456H and R2488Q), we highlight altered expression of a few genes/proteins involved in iron metabolism. Mutant cells showed increased intracellular Ca2+ compared to WT, which was correlated to increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, inhibition of the BMP‐SMADs pathway, and suppression of HAMP transcription. Moreover, the HuH7 cells, treated with PD0325901, a potent inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 with the consequent increased phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8, confirming the link between the two pathways. Another “proof of concept” for the mechanism that links PIEZO1 to HAMP regulation was obtained by mimicking PIEZO1 activation by cell Ca2+ overload, by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187. There was strong down‐regulation of HAMP gene expression after this Ca2+ overload. Finally, the inhibition of PIEZO1 by GsMTx4 leads to phenotype rescue. This is the first demonstration of a direct link between PIEZO1 and iron metabolism, which defines the channel as a new hepatic iron metabolism regulator and as a possible therapeutic target of iron overload in DHS and other iron‐loading anemias.
Chronic Myelomonocytic leukemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management
Authors: Patnaik Mrinal M. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDisease overviewChronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms, with an inherent risk for leukemic transformation (~15% over 3‐5 years).DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on the presence of sustained (>3 months) peripheral blood monocytosis (≥1 × 109/L; monocytes ≥10%), along with bone marrow dysplasia. Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities occur in ~ 30% of patients, while >90% have gene mutations. Mutations involving TET2 (~60%), SRSF2 (~50%), ASXL1 (~40%) and the oncogenic RAS pathway (~30%) are frequent; while the presence of ASXL1 and DNMT3A mutations and the absence of TET2 mutations negatively impact over‐all survival.Risk stratificationMolecularly integrated prognostic models include; the Groupe Français des Myélodysplasies (GFM), Mayo Molecular Model (MMM) and the CMML specific prognostic model (CPSS‐Mol). Risk factors incorporated into the MMM include presence of nonsense or frameshift ASXL1 mutations, absolute monocyte count>10 × 109/L, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, platelet count <100 × 109/L and the presence of circulating immature myeloid cells. The MMM stratifies CMML patients into four groups; high (≥3 risk factors), intermediate‐2 (2 risk factors), intermediate‐1 (1 risk factor) and low (no risk factors), with median survivals of 16, 31, 59 and 97 months, respectively.Risk‐adapted therapyHypomethylating agents such as 5‐azacitidine and decitabine are commonly used, with overall response rates of ~40%‐50% and complete remission rates of ~7%‐17%; with no impact on mutational allele burdens. Allogeneic stem cell transplant is the only potentially curative option, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Stereodivergent Anion Binding Catalysis with Molecular Motors
Authors: Dorel Ruth , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA photoresponsive chiral catalyst based on an oligotriazole‐functionalized unidirectional molecular motor has been developed for stereodivergent anion binding catalysis. The motor function controls the helical chirality of supramolecular assemblies with chloride anions, which by means of chirality transfer enables the enantioselective addition of a silyl ketene acetal nucleophile to oxocarbenium cations. Reversal of stereoselectivity (up to 142 % Δee) was achieved through rotation of the motor core induced by photochemical and thermal isomerization steps.
Harmless glucose‐modified ruthenium complexes suppressing cell migration of highly invasive cancer cell lines
Authors: Lamač Martin , Horáček Michal , Červenková Šťastná Lucie , Karban Jindřich , Sommerová Lucia , Skoupilová Hana , Hrstka Roman , Pinkas Jiří 
Published: November 2019

Glucose‐substituted ruthenium complexes [(η6‐benzyl‐glucose)RuCp*]+Cl−, where Cp* = η5‐C5Me5; benzyl‐glucose = peracetylated benzyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (1), benzyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (2), have been prepared and used as efficient antimigration and anti‐invasive agents against metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231) and cisplatin‐resistant ovarian cancer cells (SK‐OV‐3). In addition, these complexes were found to be essentially non‐toxic against non‐cancerous human kidney cells (HEK293).
Heritability of the Fibromyalgia Phenotype Varies by Age
Authors: Dutta Diptavo , Brummett Chad M. , Moser Stephanie E. , Fritsche Lars G. , Tsodikov Alexander , Lee Seunggeun , Clauw Daniel J. , Scott Laura J. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveMany studies suggest a strong familial component to fibromyalgia (FM). However, those studies have nearly all been confined to individuals with primary FM, i.e., FM without any other accompanying disorder. The current 2011 and 2016 criteria for diagnosing FM construct a score using a combination of the number of painful body sites and the severity of somatic symptoms (FM score). This study was undertaken to estimate the genetic heritability of the FM score across sex and age groups to identify subgroups of individuals with greater heritability, which may help in the design of future genetic studies.MethodsWe collected data on 26,749 individuals of European ancestry undergoing elective surgery at the University of Michigan (Michigan Genomics Initiative study). We estimated the single‐nucleotide polymorphism–based heritability of FM score by age and sex categories using genome‐wide association study data and a linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsOverall, the FM score had an estimated heritability of 13.9% (SE 2.9%) (P = 1.6 × 10−7). Estimated FM score heritability was highest in individuals ≤50 years of age (23.5%; SE 7.9%) (P = 3.0 ×10−4) and lowest in individuals >60 years of age (7.5%; SE 8.1%) (P = 0.41). These patterns remained the same when we analyzed FM as a case–control phenotype. Even though women had an ~30% higher average FM score than men across age categories, FM score heritability did not differ significantly by sex.ConclusionYounger individuals appear to have a much stronger genetic component to the FM score than older individuals. Older individuals may be more likely to have what was previously called “secondary FM.” Regardless of the cause, these results have implications for future genetic studies of FM and associated conditions.
Differential DNA Methylation of Networked Signaling, Transcriptional, Innate and Adaptive Immunity, and Osteoclastogenesis Genes and Pathways in Gout
Authors: Wang Zengmiao , Zhao Ying , Phipps‐Green Amanda , Liu‐Bryan Ru , Ceponis Arnoldas , Boyle David L. , Wang Jun , Merriman Tony R. , Wang Wei , Terkeltaub Robert 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveIn gout, autoinflammatory responses to urate crystals promote acute arthritis flares, but the pathogeneses of tophi, chronic synovitis, and erosion are less well understood. Defining the pathways of epigenomic immunity training can reveal novel pathogenetic factors and biomarkers. The present study was undertaken to seminally probe differential DNA methylation patterns utilizing epigenome‐wide analyses in patients with gout.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from a San Diego cohort of patients with gout (n = 16) and individually matched healthy controls (n = 14). PBMC methylome data were processed with ChAMP package in R. ENCODE data and Taiji data analysis software were used to analyze transcription factor (TF)–gene networks. As an independent validation cohort, whole blood DNA samples from New Zealand Māori subjects (n = 13 patients with gout, n = 16 control subjects without gout) were analyzed.ResultsDifferentially methylated loci clearly separated gout patients from controls, as determined by hierarchical clustering and principal components analyses. IL23R, which mediates granuloma formation and cell invasion, was identified as one of the multiple differentially methylated gout risk genes. Epigenome‐wide analyses revealed differential methylome pathway enrichment for B and T cell receptor signaling, Th17 cell differentiation and interleukin‐17 signaling, convergent longevity regulation, circadian entrainment, and AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling, which are pathways that impact inflammation via insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt, NF‐κB, mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, and autophagy. The gout cohorts overlapped for 37 (52.9%) of the 70 TFs with hypomethylated sequence enrichment and for 30 (78.9%) of the 38 enriched KEGG pathways identified via TFs. Evidence of shared differentially methylated gout TF‐gene networks, including the NF‐κB activation–limiting TFs MEF2C and NFATC2, pointed to osteoclast differentiation as the most strongly weighted differentially methylated pathway that overlapped in both gout cohorts.ConclusionThese findings of differential DNA methylation of networked signaling, transcriptional, innate and adaptive immunity, and osteoclastogenesis genes and pathways suggest that they could serve as novel therapeutic targets in the management of flares, tophi, chronic synovitis, and bone erosion in patients with gout.
Long‐term change of total cloud cover and its possible reason over South China during 1960–2012
Authors: Fu Chuanbo , Dan Li , Lin Xiaobin , Yang Fuqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong‐term trend of total cloud cover (TCC) had been studied based on 51 meteorological stations across South China during the period 1960–2012. TCC reduction mainly happened over the past 53 years, and the value of climatic trend rate (CTR) averaged in all stations was − 0.625%·10a−1. The primary cause of the significant reduction of TCC was the temperature (LT) and relative humidity (LRH) in the low troposphere in the context of global warming. Correlation coefficients between TCC and LRH in annual and seasonal mean had all passed 99% significance test, and strong positive correlations indicate that LRH plays a much more important role in the change of TCC in South China.
Insights on the current status and advancement of diabetes mellitus type 2 and to avert complications: An overview
Authors: Chung Ill‐Min , Rajakumar Govindasamy , Subramanian Umadevi , Venkidasamy Baskar , Khanna Venkatesan Gopiesh , Thiruvengadam Muthu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine metabolic disorder, occurring worldwide due to aging, advancement in lifestyle by modernization. T2DM is characterized by higher levels of glucose in the blood due to unresponsive secretion of pancreatic insulin and insulin activity or altogether. T2DM is regarded as a powerful genetic susceptible disease that leads to high risk with insulin resistance and β‐cell dysfunction. To manage and overcome type 2 diabetes, physical activity, diet strategies, and other therapeutic medications along with usage of antiglycemic agents are developed and attempted appropriately. In the present review, attention has been focused on the understanding of T2DM outcomes, complications with possible management strategies, and pathophysiology of T2DM. Further, a detailed note on antiglycemic agents in use and other possible drugs of choice was discussed in the light of current preventive strategies are presented in this review.
Viral IL‐10 promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle progression via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Ren Yanxin , Yang Jie , Li Mei , Huang Ning , Chen Yun , Wu Xifang , Wang Xiaoli , Qiu Shun , Wang Hu , Li Xiaojiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is positively related to the morbidity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Asia. After infection, EBV can produce several proteins, including viral interleukin‐10 (vIL‐10). But the mechanism by which vIL‐10 contributes to NPC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression is not well understood. In this study, EBV negative and positive cell lines, and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway inhibitor AG490 were used to illustrate the role of vIL‐10 in NPC. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were measured by CCK‐8 and flow cytometry. The expression levels of related protein were measured by Western blotting. High concentrations of vIL‐10 and IL‐6 were found in the EBV positive patients. The expression level of IL‐6 was positively related to the presence of concentration of vIL‐10. vIL‐10 can promote cancer cell proliferation and G1 to S phase transmission via upregulating the IL‐6 protein level by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. Furthermore, EBV can induce the formation of cytotoxic T cells, whereas vIL‐10 can block the function of cytotoxic T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that vIL‐10 promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle progression via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in NPC.
Intelligent Quarters Hamburg
Authors: Hensel Thomas , Wiechert Michael , Appel Silke , Lochte‐Holtgreven Stephan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDas Joint Venture der ECE Projektmanagement GmbH und der Strabag Real Estate GmbH hat auf einem Baugrundstück im Elbtorquartier der Hamburger HafenCity das Projekt „Intelligent Quarters“ umgesetzt. Neben der exponierten Lage des aus vier Bauteilen bestehenden Gebäudekomplexes musste während der Planung und Ausführung ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Einflüsse der mehrgeschossigen Bauweise gelegt werden. Zusätzlich musste eine vollständige Schwingungsentkopplung bei schwierigen Baugrundverhältnissen umgesetzt werden, da der Gebäudekomplex über der U‐Bahn‐Linie U4 liegt. Mittels numerischer Methoden und im Experiment konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Einsatz von Schwingungsdämpfern zur Schwingungsentkopplung einzelner Bauteile im „Intelligent Quarters“ erfolgreich umgesetzt wurde.