bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Because we all have to grow up”: supporting adolescents in Uganda to develop core competencies to transition towards managing their HIV more independently
Authors: Lanyon Chloe , Seeley Janet , Namukwaya Stella , Musiime Victor , Paparini Sara , Nakyambadde Helen , Matama Christine , Turkova Anna , Bernays Sarah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSustaining optimal adherence is the major challenge facing adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV), particularly in low‐resource settings, where “second‐line” is often the last accessible treatment option. We explored the knowledge and skills adolescents need in order to maintain improved adherence behaviours, and the specific ways clinicians and caregivers may support young people to do so more independently.MethodsWe conducted individual, in‐depth interviews with 20 ALHIV aged 10 to 18 years in Uganda in 2017 to 2018. All participants had recently commenced second‐line treatment as part of a clinical trial. We used thematic qualitative analysis to examine adherence experiences and challenges while on first‐line therapy, as well as specific supports necessary to optimise treatment‐taking longer‐term.ResultsAdherence difficulties are exacerbated by relatively rapid shifts from caregiver‐led approaches during childhood, to an expectation of autonomous treatment‐taking with onset of adolescence. For many participants this shift compounded their ongoing struggles managing physical side effects and poor treatment literacy. Switching to second‐line typically prompted reversion back to supervised adherence, with positive impacts on self‐reported adherence in the immediate term. However, this measure is unlikely to be sustainable for caregivers due to significant caregiver burden (as on first line), and provided little opportunity for clinicians to guide and develop young people’s capacity to successfully adopt responsibility for their own treatment‐taking.ConclusionsAs ALHIV in sub‐Saharan Africa are attributed increasing responsibility for treatment adherence and HIV management, they must be equipped with the core knowledge and skills required for successful, self‐directed care. Young people need to be relationally supported to develop necessary “adherence competencies” within the supportive framework of a gradual “transition” period. Clinic conversations during this period should be adolescent‐focussed and collaborative, and treatment‐taking strategies situated within the context of their lived environments and support networks, to facilitate sustained adherence. The disclosure of adherence difficulties must be encouraged so that issues can be identified and addressed prior to treatment failure.
State–Business Relations, Financial Access and Firm Performance: A Causal Mediation Analysis
Authors: Karahasan Burhan Can , Bilgel Fırat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the triangular relationship among state–business relations, financial access and economic performance in the Middle East and North Africa. We hypothesize that financial intermediation is a significant mediating factor in the relationship between state–business relations and firm performance. Employing a causal mediation analysis, results show that inefficient ties with the state are a cause of poor firm performance. Inefficient state–business relations reduce firm performance by 2.3 to 4.4 per cent through access to finance and by 12 to 40 per cent via its direct effect. About 3 to 16 per cent of the total effect is mediated through financial access, while the remaining is the direct effect. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of clinical information on radiology reporting: A systematic review
Authors: Castillo Chelsea , Steffens Tom , Sim Lawrence , Caffery Liam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical information on the accuracy, timeliness, reporting confidence and clinical relevance of the radiology report.MethodsA systematic review of studies that investigated a link between primary communication of clinical information to the radiologist and the resultant report was conducted. Relevant studies were identified by a comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE). Studies were screened using pre‐defined criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi‐Experimental Studies. Synthesis of findings was narrative. Results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsThere were 21 studies which met the inclusion criteria, of which 20 were included in our review following quality assessment. Sixteen studies investigated the effect of clinical information on reporting accuracy, three studies investigated the effect of clinical information on reporting confidence, three studies explored the impact of clinical information on clinical relevance, and two studies investigated the impact of clinical information on reporting timeliness. Some studies explored multiple outcomes. Studies concluded that clinical information improved interpretation accuracy, clinical relevance and reporting confidence; however, reporting time was not substantially affected by the addition of clinical information.ConclusionThe findings of this review suggest clinical information has a positive impact on the radiology report. It is in the best interests of radiologists to communicate the importance of clinical information to reporting via the creation of criteria standards to guide the requesting practices of medical imaging referrers. Further work is recommended to establish these criteria standards.
Climatological patterns of subseasonal eddy flux transfer based on the co‐spectral analysis over the Indian region and the derivation of an index of eddy transfer for operational tracking
Authors: Kalshetti Mahesh , Chattopadhyay Rajib , Phani R. , Joseph Susmitha , Sahai A.K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe heat and momentum flux transfer by transient eddies from the extratropical to the tropical (E2T) region causes a significant variation of weather and climate in the tropical region. Such transports also cause a regional departure from zonally symmetric large scale circulation patterns caused by the Hadley type transports. During boreal summer monsoon season, the zonally symmetric Hadley type circulation is typically considered in theoretical as well as modelling studies. The current study introduces a method based on the calculation of the E‐vector components and co‐spectra analysis to diagnose the zonally asymmetric climatological patterns of E2T transport and its subseasonal variability. The spectral analysis identifies the climatological as well as low and high frequency patterns of the transient eddy heat and momentum flux transfer over the Indian region and compares the result with traditional Eliassen‐Palm (EP) Flux based stationary eddy patterns. The study identifies the zonal, seasonal, and vertical asymmetries in the transport of transient eddy heat and momentum flux. The study also clearly categorizes the seasonality and frequency dependence of northeast to the southwest tilt of transient eddies transporting momentum and heat flux. Based on the climatological patterns, the wavelet transform approach is used to study the subseasonal variability of the eddy transport indices. We define a set of indices, which identify the subseasonal temporal variation of the E2T transfer mechanism. These indices could be used to operationally track the E2T eddy flux transfer both in observation and in forecast models.
The effect of high‐pressure processing on reducing the glycaemic index of atemoya puree
Authors: Chou Chia‐Hsuan , Wang Chung‐Yi , Shyu Yuan‐Tay , Wu Sz‐Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on the glycaemic index (GI) of atemoya puree (AP) in rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed with unprocessed and high‐pressure processed atemoya puree (HPP‐AP), and the GIs for the unprocessed AP and HPP‐AP were calculated from changes in blood glucose concentrations within 2 h after meals. The physicochemical properties of AP were analysed to understand the mechanism affecting its GI.RESULTSThe results showed that HPP (600 MPa for 15 min) could delay increase in postprandial blood glucose levels, decrease the peak value of postprandial blood glucose by 76.1%, and significantly decrease the GI of AP to 49.8 in the experimental group compared to 65.4 in the control group. HPP did not exert a significant effect on the glucose and pectin contents of AP, but it increased the viscosity of the puree and its dietary fibre content and delayed the time of peak glucose response. In the analysis of enzymes of the puree, we found that HPP significantly decreased the activities of sucrose invertase, pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase, thereby decreasing the rate of glucose generation in the puree and stabilizing the pectin structure, which decreased the absorption of glucose by the small intestine, thus decreasing the GI value.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest that HPP technology could effectively delay increase in postprandial blood glucose levels and decrease the GI value of AP, thus having a potential application in developing atemoya puree products with low GI. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Yuanfen and traveling neo‐tribes: Social interactions and group relations among Chinese road travelers
Authors: Wang Xueji , Xie Jia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWithin the context of Chinese culture and the theoretical framework of neo‐tribes, this study explores the mobilities of road travelers on the Sichuan‐Tibet Highway in China and explains their social interactions and group relations by using mobile ethnography and multi‐sited ethnography. It finds that social interactions during road travels are “easily meet, easily part.” However, between travelers and within travel groups, kindness and affective interactions are ubiquitous. The Chinese cultural concept “yuanfen,” which means serendipity in relationships, explains the logic of interaction. A road traveling neo‐tribe is also formed. The findings of this study enhance understanding of alternative travelers' social interactions and tourism experiences.
Trends in otolaryngology consult volume at an academic institution from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Sher Erica , Nicholas Brian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in emergency department and inpatient consult volumes of an otolaryngology service at an academic medical center from 2014 to 2018.MethodsA retrospective review of all otolaryngology consults in the electronic medical record from March 2014 through December 2018 was completed. The total number of consults was recorded to determine changes in consult volume over time. Additional parameters were analyzed including volume of weekday, night and weekend, adult, pediatric, emergency department, and inpatient consults.ResultsFrom 1 March 2014 to 31 December 2018, a total of 8806 consults were seen by the otolaryngology service. In the first year, a total of 990 consults were seen. In the final year of the time period, a total of 2416 consults were seen. This represents a 144% increase in consults over the examined time period. Similar increasing trends were seen when consults were analyzed by weekday, night/weekend, pediatric, adult, emergency department, and inpatient consults.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies examining trends in otolaryngology consult volumes at an academic medical center in the United States. Our data show that the volume of consults has increased by 144% in a 4‐year time period, predominantly due to an increase in emergency department consultations. This study demonstrates the increasing burden of emergency department consultations on an otolaryngology service at an academic medical center and highlights a potential role for increasing and improving provider availability.Level of evidence4.
Comprehensive auditory rehabilitation in adults receiving cochlear implants: A pilot study
Authors: Moberly Aaron C. , Vasil Kara , Baxter Jodi , Klamer Brett , Kline David , Ray Christin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn the United States, most adults who receive cochlear implants (CIs) do not undergo a comprehensive auditory rehabilitation (CAR) approach, which may result in suboptimal outcomes. The objectives of this pilot study were to demonstrate that a CAR approach incorporating auditory training (AT) by a speech‐language pathologist (SLP) is feasible in adults receiving CIs and to explore whether this approach results in improved outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐four postlingually deaf adult CI candidates were serially assigned to one of three groups: (a) a “CAR group” that received standard of care implantation, programming by an audiologist, an additional preoperative counseling session, and eight one‐hour AT sessions; (b) a “passive control” standard‐of‐care group; and (c) an “active control” group that also received the extra preoperative counseling session. Participants were tested preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months after CI using measures of word and sentence recognition in quiet and in babble, as well as measures of quality of life (QOL).ResultsThe CAR approach was feasible, but this pilot study was underpowered to determine efficacy. Differential time courses of speech recognition improvement were seen for sentence and word recognition. All QOL measurements showed improvement from pre‐CI to 1 month post‐CI activation. Results revealed issues to consider for a larger‐scale study of CAR revolving around participant selection, study measures, and sample size.ConclusionThe CAR approach is feasible in new CI users. A larger trial is needed to investigate whether CAR leads to better outcomes or faster improvement in this clinical population.Level of Evidence2.
Correlation between heparanase gene polymorphism and susceptibility to endometrial cancer
Authors: Cao Hanyu , Yang Shuo , Yu Xiuzhang , Xi Mingrong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer is one of the three most common malignancies in the female genital tract. Previous studies have demonstrated the association between heparanase (HPSE, OMIM 604,724) single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and cancer risk in several cancers. However, its role in endometrial cancer remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of HPSE SNPs on the susceptibility and clinicopathological parameters in patients with endometrial cancer.MethodsHPSE SNPs of rs4693608 (G > A) and rs4364254 (C > T) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assay in 270 endometrial cancer patients and 320 healthy controls.ResultsThe investigation indicated that the HPSE SNP rs4693608 with GG showed a protective effect from EC in both codominant (adjusted OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.21–0.81, p = .026) and recessive models (adjusted OR = 0.43, 95%CI = 0.22–0.82, p = .0076). No significant differences were found in the incidences of EC patients with the rs4364254 polymorphisms compared to controls. Moreover, a significantly increased distribution of A/A (rs4693608) was observed in patients with grade ≥ 2 (p = .03) and in patients with positive cervical invasion (p = .042) while patients with T/C (rs4364254) had lower tumor grade.ConclusionOur study suggested that HPSE SNP of rs4693608 correlated strongly with susceptibility to EC, and HPSE SNPs might be a potential biomarker for prognosis of endometrial cancer.
Polymere: Mehr als Modellieren
Authors: Koltzenburg Sebastian , Weinelt Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGrößere Rechenkapazitäten und neue Werkzeuge wie maschinelles Lernen ändern Forschung und Entwicklung in Industrie und universitären Forschungseinrichtungen. Ein Blick auf Automation, Lieferkettenoptimierung und Forschen in den Polymerwissenschaften.
Sensorik: Messen in aggressiver Umgebung
Authors: Schramm Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGalvanikprozesse oder nasschemische Anlagen, die Leiterplatten ätzen oder Wafer für Solarzellen herstellen, erfordern Säuren und Laugen. Sensoren, die hier Leitfähigkeit und Durchfluss feststellen, müssen besonders widerstandsfähig sein.
Nanokomposite selbstgemacht
Authors: Bartram Björn , Saadat Reza , Wilke Timm 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanoadditive machen Polymerprodukte kratz‐ und bruchfest oder keimhemmend. Solche Komposite lassen sich auch in der Schule herstellen und untersuchen – Materialien dafür gibt es im Bau‐ oder im Supermarkt.
Der vergessene Polymerpionier
Authors: Offermanns Heribert , Retzlaff Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNoch bevor die theoretische Grundlage der makromolekularen Chemie gelegt wurde, läuteten Praktiker – Erfinder und Industriechemiker – das Kunststoffzeitalter ein. Zu diesen gehörte Hippolyt Köhler, der dafür sorgte, dass die weltweit erste Kunststofffabrik in Deutschland entstand.
Ein unbekanntes Nervengift
Authors: Blum Marc‐Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIm Jahr 2018 führte der Anschlag mit einem Nowitschok‐Kampfstoff auf den früheren Agenten Sergej Skripal zu diplomatischen Verwerfungen. Nun haben die Vertragsstaaten des Chemiewaffenübereinkommens zum ersten Mal, seit es in Kraft ist, den Chemikalienanhang erweitert: um die Nervengifte aus der Nowitschok‐Gruppe.
Molekülarchiv: Substanzen aus akademischen Labors gesammelt
Authors: Jung Nicole , Deckers Anke , Bräse Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSammlungen chemischer Substanzen sind eine wertvolle Ressource für neue Wirkstoffe. Das Projekt Molekülarchiv erstellt mit den Beiträgen vieler Wissenschaftler Substanzbibliotheken, damit diese Substanzen für Tests auf biologische Eigenschaften zur Verfügung stehen. Aktuell hilft die Sammlung bei der Suche nach Medikamenten gegen Covid‐19.
Design and optimization of a novel fast distributed Kalman consensus filtering algorithm
Authors: Fan Sha , Yan Huaicheng , Huang Lingyun , Yang Chunxi 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA new type of fast distributed Kalman consensus filtering algorithm based on local information feedback is presented to tackle filtering problems in wireless sensor networks. First, this fast filtering issues are transformed into a stochastic stability problem of the dynamic estimation errors, which can be solved by Lyapunov's second method and matrix theory. Then, two sufficient conditions about the proportional‐like feedback (double gains regulation) method and incremental Proportional‐Integral‐Derivative (PID) feedback method for the asymptotical stability of the systems are presented, respectively. Moreover, to achieve a faster convergence rate, a novel optimal method is given by combing a genetic algorithm and incremental PID. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to give a comparison of the convergence speed between the three filtering algorithms in the same condition, and verify the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed theoretical results in this article.
Pediatric and young adult renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ray Satyajit , Jones Robert , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Dzhuma Kristina , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry , Tytgat Godelieve , van der Beek Justine , Oades Grenville , Murphy Dermot 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare in children but is the most common renal tumor in adults. Pediatric RCC has different clinical characteristics, histopathology, and treatment compared with adult disease. Databases were reviewed from inception to February 2020, identifying 32 publications pertaining to 350 patients under 27 years. Surgery is the cornerstone for cure in localized RCC. Lymph node dissection remains controversial. Conventional radiotherapy has no curative role in RCC; similarly, conventional chemotherapy has not proven to be effective in large cohorts. Pediatric metastatic RCC has a poor outlook. There are no published prospective studies demonstrating which adjuvant therapy could improve outcome. Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is recommended in this group despite limited evidence. This review provides an overview for pediatric RCC, including the evolving role of precision medicine.
Medication‐related problems and adverse drug reactions in Ethiopia: A systematic review
Authors: Kefale Belayneh , Degu Amsalu , Tegegne Gobezie T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMedication‐related problems (MRPs) are an important healthcare problem. This study aimed at reviewing the published literature in Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of MRPs and to summarize associated factors. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google databases from inception to April 2020. Articles that addressed MRPs were eligible for inclusion. Article screening, data extraction, and study quality analysis were performed independently by two reviewers. Studies targeting specific disease condition were considered as specific, while the remaining were nonspecific. The prevalence of MRPs was then computed in medians and interquartile ranges (IQR), while associated factors were summarized in a table. Of the thirty‐two studies included in this review, the majority of them (n = 24) targeted MRPs, while the remaining studies (n = 8) investigated adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Studies varied in the study design, study population, and definition of MRPs and ADRs used. The overall median prevalence was 70.8% (IQR = 61.0‐80.2) with a range of 16.0% to 88.7%. The median prevalence of MRPs in specific and nonspecific patients was 71.2% (IQR = 60.7‐71.2) and 69.3% (IQR = 60.7‐82.0), respectively. In addition, a median of 36.6% (IQR = 10.0‐85.7) of patients experienced ADRs. Indication‐related and effectiveness‐related MRPs were commonly reported in both specific and nonspecific patients, while noncompliance MRPs were more prevalent among specific patients than nonspecific patients. Increasing age, presence of co‐morbidity, and an increasing number of drugs were the commonly identified contributing factors of MRPs. The review showed that more than two‐thirds of the study participants developed MRPs. Hence, an integrated approach should be designed to improve the optimal use of pharmacotherapy to reduce the burden of MRPs. Further, future research should be undertaken to prepare cost‐effective and efficient prevention mechanisms to reduce or halt the development of MRPs.
Cancer immunotherapy trial design with long‐term survivors
Authors: Ding Xue , Wu Jianrong 
Published: September 2020

SummaryCancer immunotherapy often reflects the improvement in both short‐term risk reduction and long‐term survival. In this scenario, a mixture cure model can be used for the trial design. However, the hazard functions based on the mixture cure model between two groups will ultimately crossover. Thus, the conventional assumption of proportional hazards may be violated and study design using standard log‐rank test (LRT) could lose power if the main interest is to detect the improvement of long‐term survival. In this paper, we propose a change sign weighted LRT for the trial design. We derived a sample size formula for the weighted LRT, which can be used for designing cancer immunotherapy trials to detect both short‐term risk reduction and long‐term survival. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the efficiency between the standard LRT and the change sign weighted LRT.