bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the serotonin transporter in prefrontal cortex glutamatergic signaling following short‐ and long‐access cocaine self‐administration
Authors: Caffino Lucia , Mottarlini Francesca , Van Reijmersdal Boyd , Telese Francesca , Verheij Michel M.M. , Fumagalli Fabio , Homberg Judith R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVulnerability to drug addiction relies on substantial individual differences. We previously demonstrated that serotonin transporter knockout (SERT−/−) rats show increased cocaine intake and develop signs of compulsivity. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. Given the pivotal role of glutamate and prefrontal cortex in cocaine‐seeking behavior, we sought to investigate the expression of proteins implicated in glutamate neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex of naïve and cocaine‐exposed rats lacking SERT. We focused on the infralimbic (ILc) and prelimbic (PLc) cortices, which are theorized to exert opposing effects on the control over subcortical brain areas. SERT−/− rats, which compared to wild‐type (SERT+/+) rats show increased ShA and LgA intake short‐access (ShA) and long‐access (LgA) cocaine intake, were sacrificed 24 h into withdrawal for ex vivo molecular analyses. In the ILc homogenate of SERT−/− rats, we observed a sharp increase in glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT‐1) after ShA, but not LgA, cocaine intake. This was paralleled by ShA‐induced increases in GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B NMDA receptor subunits and their scaffolding protein SAP102 in the ILc homogenate, but not postsynaptic density, of these knockout animals. In the PLc, we found no major changes in the homogenate; conversely, the expression of GluN1 and GluN2A NMDA receptor subunits was increased in the postsynaptic density under ShA conditions and reduced under LgA conditions. These results point to SERT as a critical regulator of glutamate homeostasis in a way that differs between the subregions investigated, the duration of cocaine exposure as well as the cellular compartment analyzed.
A very short version of the Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐3oo7) for use as a routinely applied Patient‐Reported Outcome Measure
Authors: Visser Martijn S. , Timman Reinier , Nijmeijer Karlijn J. , Lemij Hans G. , Kilic Emine , Busschbach Jan J.V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are valuable supplements in regular care to facilitate routine monitoring of quality of life from the patient’s perspective. The 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ‐25) is a widely used PROM in ophthalmology. However, the NEI‐VFQ‐25 is too time‐consuming and cumbersome for routine evaluations in regular care. The aim of this study is to construct a 7‐item questionnaire of which only 3 items are presented to the patient, by means of routing. This VFQ 3 out of 7 (VFQ‐3oo7) should have a minimal loss of information compared with the NEI‐VFQ‐25.MethodsAn historical database including 3293 administrations of the NEI‐VFQ‐25 was constructed involving patients with retinal detachment, cataract, corneal diseases, glaucoma, macular degeneration, uveal melanoma and a normal population sample. The data were subjected to Rasch analyses, in particular a generalized partial credit model. Items were sorted on the latent trait and divided into seven categories. From each category, the item with the highest discriminative value was selected. Through routing, only three out of the seven remaining questions are used, where the answers navigate patients to a fitting trait level.ResultsA one‐dimensional structure was considered fitting. The VFQ‐3oo7 showed a small loss of information compared with the total score of the NEI‐VFQ‐25: correlation 0.927 and a relative precision of 0.868.ConclusionThe very short, but valid, VFQ‐3oo7 can be applied to evaluate the patient's perceived vision‐related health status in routine evaluations of treatments in regular care, with a small burden for patients.
Microbial keratitis and clinical outcomes following penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Dohse Nicolas , Wibbelsman Turner D. , Rapuano Sara B. , Hammersmith Kristin M. , Nagra Parveen K. , Rapuano Christopher J. , Syed Zeba A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe goal of this study was to review the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of microbial keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and endothelial keratoplasty (EK).MethodsThe electronic medical records at Wills Eye Hospital were queried for cases of microbial keratitis following PK or EK performed between 1 May 2007 and 1 September 2018. Charts were reviewed to obtain demographic data, transplant characteristics, details of microbial keratitis, graft survival and clinical outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period, 2098 transplants were performed in 1601 patients. Of these, 1267 (60.4%) were PKs and 831 (39.6%) were EKs. We identified 86 (4.1%) cases of subsequent microbial keratitis. The incidence of microbial keratitis after PK was significantly higher than after EK (5.9% versus 1.3%; p = 0.005). Furthermore, the rate of infection was higher after repeat transplants (either PK or EK) compared to initial keratoplasties (5.5% versus 3.4%; p = 0.02). Twenty‐six (32.1%) grafts remained clear at most recent follow‐up after microbial keratitis, and the proportion of clear grafts was higher after EK than PK (66.7% versus 27.8%; p = 0.03).ConclusionRates of microbial keratitis were significantly higher after PK compared to EK, and repeat transplantation was a risk factor for microbial keratitis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior study in the literature evaluating microbial keratitis rates after PK and EK and comparing outcomes.
Variations in keratometric values (K‐value) after administration of three different eye drops – effects on the intraocular lens calculations in relation to cataract surgery
Authors: Jensen Mia N. , Søndergaard Anders Peter , Pommerencke Claus , Møller Flemming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the variance in keratometric (K) values after administration of different eye drops (three tested), and the effects on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations in relation to standard cataract surgery.MethodsA prospective intervention study (pilot study) on 38 participants (22 women, 16 men, 58–88 years) undergoing 57 cataract surgeries. Three keratometries on each eye were performed: a baseline (‘standard’) keratometry about 9 weeks preoperatively, and two on the operation day; a ‘dry’‐measurement before interventions and a ‘wet’‐measurement after applying one of three eye drops (saline, Systane Ultra®, or Systane Complete®). All standard cataract operations were uneventful. Variabilities in K‐values, spherical equivalents (SEQs) for IOL power calculations (Barrett TK Universal II) and subjective manifest refractions (SRs) 6 weeks postoperatively were compared between groups.ResultsThe ‘wet’ K‐values had a similar variability to those of the ‘standard’ and ‘dry’ K‐values (p > 0.05, anova on ranks). The mean paired differences in K‐measurements between groups ranged within a small interval from −0.0107 to 0.0096 mm. After comparing the SEQ predictions with SR‐measurements, the most precise IOL calculation was achieved after administration of a saline eye drop, but the precision was not statistically improved compared to the other drop modalities.ConclusionThe variability in K‐values was not significantly changed by administration of any of the different eye drops tested, suggesting that artificial eye drops do not impact the keratometry or IOL power prediction.
A genome‐wide association study identifies FSHR rs2300441 associated with follicle‐stimulating hormone levels
Authors: Yan Jinting , Tian Ye , Gao Xingjian , Cui Linlin , Ning Yunna , Cao Yongzhi , Chen Yan , Peng Fuduan , You Li , Liu Fan , Zhao Han 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFollicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) play critical roles in female reproduction, while the underlying genetic basis is poorly understood. Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) of FSH and LH levels were conducted in 2590 Chinese females including 1882 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cases and 708 controls. GWAS for FSH level identified multiple variants at FSHR showing genome‐wide significance with the top variant (rs2300441) located in the intron of FSHR. The A allele of rs2300441 led to a reduced level of FSH in the PCOS group (β = −.43, P = 6.70 × 10−14) as well as in the control group (β = −.35, P = 6.52 × 10−4). In the combined sample, this association was enhanced after adjusting for the PCOS status (before: β = −.38, P = 1.77 × 10−13; after: β = −.42, P = 3.33 × 10−16), suggesting the genetic effect is independent of the PCOS status. The rs2300441 explained sevenfold higher proportion of the FSH variance than the total variance explained by the two previously reported FSHR missense variants (rs2300441 R2 = 1.40% vs rs6166 R2 = 0.17%, rs6165 R2 = 0.03%). GWAS for LH did not identify any genome‐wide significant associations. In conclusion, we identified genome‐wide significant association between variants in FSHR and circulating FSH first, with the top associated variant rs2300441 might be a primary contributor at the population level.
Feasibility and reliability of continuously monitoring alcohol use among female adolescents and young adults
Authors: Croff Julie M. , Hartwell Micah L. , Chiaf Ashleigh L. , Crockett Erica K. , Washburn Isaac J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTransdermal alcohol sensors allow objective, continuous monitoring and have potential to expand current research on adolescent and young adult alcohol use. The purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of transdermal alcohol sensor use among female adolescents as compared to female young adults.Design and MethodsThis trial included 59 female adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years who reported drinking during the previous month. All participants were asked to wear a Giner Wrist Transdermal Alcohol Sensor (WrisTAS)‐7 over a 1 month prospective study. Participants came to the research lab weekly to complete a detailed self‐report of behaviours, including day of drinking events, amounts and types of alcohol use and length of drinking events. Estimates of blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) were computed from self‐report data using the Matthew and Miller, NHTSA and Zhang equations. Daily transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) peaks and calculated eBAC peak data were analysed with paired‐samples t‐tests and repeated measures correlations for validity comparisons.ResultsAll participants (100%, n = 59) completed the trial, however, two participants were removed due to greater than 50% of missing transdermal alcohol sensor data. Of the 57 participants, the data included 1,722 days of continuous alcohol monitoring. Missing data was recorded more frequently among female adolescents at about (11.78%) as compared to female young adults (8.59%; χ2 = −18.40, P < 0.001). Participant self‐report of drinking occurred with greater frequency (374 events) than detected by the WrisTAS transdermal alcohol sensors (243 events). On days when self‐report and sensor data indicated a drinking event, participants' eBAC was moderately correlated with TAC, after accounting for repeated measures.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study finds that transdermal alcohol sensors are moderately reliable when sensor data is paired with self‐report. This objective data collection method may improve the ability to collect alcohol curves among adolescents.
Interspecific crossing between blue‐tailed damselflies Ischnura elegans and I. senegalensis in the laboratory
Authors: Okude Genta , Fukatsu Takema , Futahashi Ryo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIschnura species (Odonata) are among the most common damselflies in the world, which often exhibit female color polymorphisms. One morph, called androchrome, is similar to males in its color pattern, whereas the other morphs, generally referred to as gynochromes, exhibit female‐specific colors. In several Ischnura species, the female polymorphism is heritable, although molecular and genetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. The dominant‐recessive patterns of the female color morphs may differ between species. For example, androchromic females are dominant to gynochromic females in Ischnura elegans, whereas androchromic females are recessive in Ischnura senegalensis. Here we report a case of interspecific hybridization between a gynochrome female of I. elegans and a male of I. senegalensis in the laboratory. We obtained 61 hybrid adult offspring, of which all 31 females were of gynochrome morph. DNA analyses of the hybrids confirmed that nuclear DNA sequences were derived from both parent species, whereas mitochondrial DNA sequences were maternally inherited. In the hybrids, the postocular spots of female heads, the shape of male appendages, and the color of female's cerci resembled those of I. elegans, whereas the size of abdominal blue spots was similar to that of I. senegalensis. The shape of prothorax and basal abdominal markings were intermediate in females. The larval developmental traits and the morphological changes in the final larval instar of the hybrids were similar to those of I. senegalensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hybrids between two damselfly species with different dominant‐recessive patterns of female color morphs.
Sea ice predicts long‐term trends in Adélie penguin population growth, but not annual fluctuations: Results from a range‐wide multiscale analysis
Authors: Iles David T. , Lynch Heather , Ji Rubao , Barbraud Christophe , Delord Karine , Jenouvrier Stephanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the scales at which environmental variability affects populations is critical for projecting population dynamics and species distributions in rapidly changing environments. Here we used a multilevel Bayesian analysis of range‐wide survey data for Adélie penguins to characterize multidecadal and annual effects of sea ice on population growth. We found that mean sea ice concentration at breeding colonies (i.e., “prevailing” environmental conditions) had robust nonlinear effects on multidecadal population trends and explained over 85% of the variance in mean population growth rates among sites. In contrast, despite considerable year‐to‐year fluctuations in abundance at most breeding colonies, annual sea ice fluctuations often explained less than 10% of the temporal variance in population growth rates. Our study provides an understanding of the spatially and temporally dynamic environmental factors that define the range limits of Adélie penguins, further establishing this iconic marine predator as a true sea ice obligate and providing a firm basis for projection under scenarios of future climate change. Yet, given the weak effects of annual sea ice relative to the large unexplained variance in year‐to‐year growth rates, the ability to generate useful short‐term forecasts of Adélie penguin breeding abundance will be extremely limited. Our approach provides a powerful framework for linking short‐ and longer term population processes to environmental conditions that can be applied to any species, facilitating a richer understanding of ecological predictability and sensitivity to global change.
Adherence to guideline recommendations for multimodality treatment of patients with pT2–3 M0 non‐urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Temporal trends and survival outcomes
Authors: Mistretta Francesco A , Negrean‐Dzyuba Cristina , Palumbo Carlotta , Pecoraro Angela , Knipper Sophie , Tian Zhe , Musi Gennaro , Montanari Emanuele , Perrotte Paul , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F , Saad Fred , de Cobelli Ottavio , Karakiewicz Pierre I 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo analyze contemporary multimodality treatment rates, defined as radical cystectomy plus chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, for pT2–3 any N‐stage M0 non‐urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder patients. Additionally, we tested for the effect of multimodality treatment versus radical cystectomy alone on cancer‐specific mortality.MethodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004–2015), 887 pT2–3 any N‐stage M0 non‐urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder patients treated with radical cystectomy were identified. Kaplan–Meier plots, and univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses focused on cancer‐specific mortality rates.ResultsSquamous cell carcinoma was recorded in 499 (56.3%) patients, neuroendocrine carcinoma in 246 (27.7%) and adenocarcinoma in 142 (16.0%). The highest proportion of multimodality treatment patients was recorded in neuroendocrine carcinoma (69.1%), relative to adenocarcinoma (34.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (26.4%). A statistically significant annual increase was recorded in multimodality treatment rates in neuroendocrine carcinoma patients (46.7–74.2%, P < 0.01), but not in adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma patients. The 5‐year cancer‐specific mortality rate in neuroendocrine carcinoma patients was significantly lower after multimodality treatment versus radical cystectomy alone (37.0% vs 51.5%; P < 0.01), but no statistically significant differences were recorded in both adenocarcinoma (46.1% vs 35.5%; P = 0.8) and squamous cell carcinoma (41.4% vs 31.1%; P = 0.8) patients. In multivariable analyses, for neuroendocrine carcinoma patients, multimodality treatment was an independent predictor of a lower cancer‐specific mortality rate (hazard ratio 0.58, P = 0.03).ConclusionsMultimodality treatment has been increasingly used during the study period in neuroendocrine carcinoma patients, and it has translated into a cancer‐specific mortality benefit. This is not the case for other non‐urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder patients, such as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer 2019 edition by the Japanese Urological Association: Revision working position paper
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Shiraishi Koji , Azuma Haruhito , Inoue Keiji , Uemura Hirotsugu , Eto Masatoshi , Ohyama Chikara , Ogawa Osamu , Kikuchi Eiji , Kitamura Hiroshi , Shinohara Nobuo , Takahashi Satoru , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Nakagawa Masayuki , Narumi Yoshifumi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Habuchi Tomonori , Hinotsu Shiro , Fujii Yasuhisa , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Mizowaki Takashi , Matsuyama Hideyasu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer edited by the Japanese Urological Association were first published in 2009 and a revised edition was released in 2015. Four years has passed since the 2015 edition, and the clinical practice environment surrounding bladder cancer has drastically changed during that time. The main changes include: (i) insurance coverage of a new diagnostic method for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer; (ii) insurance coverage of an immune checkpoint inhibitor in advanced and metastatic bladder cancer; and (iii) advances in robot‐assisted radical cystectomy as a minimally invasive treatment for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. A paradigm shift in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment is occurring day by day. Therefore, in this 2019 edition, while dealing with the above changes, we carefully selected clinical questions with clear evidence and included other clinically important points in the general statement. We also added a new chapter on rare cancers of the urinary tract. As a new method for the evaluation of study evidence level, we introduce “The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation” system modified to Japanese by the Medical Information Network Distribution Service.
A focus on natural killer T‐cell subset characterization and developmental stages
Authors: Klibi Jihene , Amable Ludivine , Benlagha Kamel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlmost 20 years ago, CD1d tetramers were developed to track invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells based on their specificity, and to define developmental steps during which differentiation markers and functional features are progressively acquired from early NKT cell precursor to fully mature NKT cell subsets. Based on these findings, a linear developmental model was proposed and subsequently used by all studies investigating the specific role of factors that control NKT cell development. More recently, based on intracellular staining patterns of lineage‐specific transcription factors such as T‐bet, GATA‐3, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger and RORγt, a lineage differentiation model was proposed for NKT cell development. Currently, studies on NKT cells development present lineage differentiation model data in addition to the linear maturation model. In the perspective presented here, we discuss current knowledge relating to NKT cell developmental models and particularly focus on the approaches and strategies, some of which appear nebulous, used to define NKT cell developmental stages and subsets.
How agile software development methods reduce work exhaustion: Insights on role perceptions and organizational skills
Authors: Venkatesh Viswanath , Thong James Y. L. , Chan Frank K. Y. , Hoehle Hartmut , Spohrer Kai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAgile methods are widely used in the software industry as a way to more rapidly develop and deliver new software. They define iterative work processes, advocate self‐organization and openness for change, and prescribe how software developers interact with each other and external stakeholders. Despite their popularity, it is unclear how agile methods influence work exhaustion in software developers and how developer skills play into this effect. On the one hand, agile methods may reduce software developers' work exhaustion by levelling out their workload across the entire duration of a project. On the other hand, agile methods exert a high level of pressure on software developers to continuously deliver working software, create many intensive social interactions, and to frequently adapt to changes. In light of these effects, prior research could not explain why some software developers become less exhausted from using agile methods, whereas others perceive the exact opposite. Based on the job demand‐control model, we develop a theoretical model connecting agile method use to individual developer skills and to two established determinants of employee exhaustion: role conflict and role ambiguity. We tested our research model in a field study among 1894 software developers in 217 project teams that used agile methods. The random coefficient modelling results show that agile method use facilitates the achievement of clear and unambiguous role perceptions and thereby reduces work exhaustion in developers, particularly if developers possess the organizational skills to effectively interact with others in their organization. We highlight implications for theory on the individual‐level effects of software development methods and provide practical insights for software companies.