bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Timing of Preprocedural Opioids on Adverse Events in Procedural Sedation
Authors: Bhatt Maala , Cheng Wei , Roback Mark G. , Johnson David W. , Taljaard Monica ,   the Sedation Safety Study Group of Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC)
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of respiratory depression is increased when opioids are added to sedative agents. In our recent multicenter emergency department (ED) procedural sedation cohort, we reported a strong association between preprocedural opioids and sedation‐related adverse events. We sought to examine the association between timing of opioids and the incidence of adverse sedation outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of children aged 0 to 18 years who received sedation for a painful procedure in six Canadian pediatric EDs from July 2010 to February 2015. The primary risk factor was timing of opioid administration, adjusted for age, opioid type, preprocedural and sedation medications, and procedure type. Outcomes were 1) oxygen desaturation, 2) vomiting, and 3) positive pressure ventilation (PPV).ResultsOf the 6,295 children in the original cohort, 1,806 (29%) received a preprocedural opioid. Patients receiving preprocedural opioids had a higher incidence of oxygen desaturation (risk difference = 4.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9% to 5.8%), vomiting (risk difference 2.0%, 95% CI = 0.7% to 3.3%), and PPV (risk difference = 1.5%, 95% CI = 0.7% to 2.3%). Multivariable regression with timing of opioids modeled as a restricted cubic spline revealed the risk for each outcome was highest when opioids were administered in the 30 minutes prior to sedation. Timing of opioid administration was statistically significantly associated with oxygen desaturation and vomiting (p < 0.0001) but not with PPV (p = 0.113).ConclusionsTiming of opioids was significantly associated with the risk of oxygen desaturation and vomiting. Being aware of this increased risk will help clinicians prepare for sedation and the potential need for patient rescue.
The role of midfrontal theta oscillations across the development of cognitive control in preschoolers and school‐age children
Authors: Adam Nicolas , Blaye Agnès , Gulbinaite Rasa , Delorme Arnaud , Farrer Chloé 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of cognitive control enables children to better resist acting based on distracting information that interferes with the current action. Cognitive control improvement serves different functions that differ in part by the type of interference to resolve. Indeed, resisting to interference at the task‐set level or at the response‐preparation level is, respectively, associated with cognitive flexibility and inhibition. It is, however, unknown whether the same neural mechanism underlies these two functions across development. Studies in adults have revealed the contribution of midfrontal theta (MFT) oscillations in interference resolution. This study investigated whether MFT is involved in the resolution of different types of interference in two age groups identified as corresponding to different latent structures of executive functions. Preschool (4–6 years) and school children (6–8 years) were tested with a task involving interference at the response level and/or the task‐set level while (electroencephalogram) EEG was recorded. Behaviorally, response time and accuracy were affected by task‐set. Both age groups were less accurate when the interference occurred at the task‐set level and only the younger group showed decreased accuracy when interference was presented at the response‐preparation level. Furthermore, MFT power was increased, relative to the baseline, during the resolution of both types of interference and in both age groups. These findings suggest that MFT is involved in immature cognitive control (i.e., preschool and school‐ages), by orchestrating its different cognitive processes, irrespective of the interference to resolve and of the level of cognitive control development (i.e., the degree of differentiation of executive functions).
AVPR1A variation is linked to gray matter covariation in the social brain network of chimpanzees
Authors: Mulholland Michele M. , Navabpour Shaghayegh V. , Mareno Mary C. , Schapiro Steven J. , Young Larry J. , Hopkins William D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe vasopressin system has been implicated in the regulation of social behavior and cognition in humans, nonhuman primates and other social mammals. In chimpanzees, polymorphisms in the vasopressin V1a receptor gene (AVPR1A) have been associated with social dimensions of personality, as well as to responses to sociocommunicative cues and mirror self‐recognition. Despite evidence of this association with social cognition and behavior, there is little research on the neuroanatomical correlates of AVPR1A variation. In the current study, we tested the association between AVPR1A polymorphisms in the RS3 promotor region and gray matter covariation in chimpanzees using magnetic resonance imaging and source‐based morphometry. The analysis identified 13 independent brain components, three of which differed significantly in covariation between the two AVPR1A genotypes (DupB−/− and DupB+/−; P < .05). DupB+/− chimpanzees showed greater covariation in gray matter in the premotor and prefrontal cortex, basal forebrain, lunate and cingulate cortex, and lesser gray matter covariation in the superior temporal sulcus and postcentral sulcus. Some of these regions were previously found to differ in vasopressin and oxytocin neural fibers between nonhuman primates, and in AVPR1A gene expression in humans with different RS3 alleles. This is the first report of an association between AVPR1A and gray matter covariation in nonhuman primates, and specifically links an AVPR1A polymorphism to structural variation in the social brain network. These results further affirm the value of chimpanzees as a model species for investigating the relationship between genetic variation, brain structure and social cognition with relevance to psychiatric disorders, including autism.
Hypermethylation of CSF3R is a novel cisplatin resistance marker and predictor of response to postoperative chemotherapy in hepatoblastoma
Authors: Fujiyoshi Sunao , Honda Shohei , Minato Masashi , Ara Momoko , Suzuki Hiromu , Hiyama Eiso , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: January 2020

AimMost hepatoblastoma patients undergo pre/postoperative cisplatin treatment. Approximately 20% patients are cisplatin resistant, and show poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. However, some cisplatin‐sensitive patients show early recurrence. We consider that a small population of cisplatin‐resistant cells may remain after preoperative chemotherapy. Previous studies showed a correlation between DNA hypermethylation and hepatoblastoma progression. Here, we examined whether DNA hypermethylation was related to cisplatin resistance and could be a potential indicator for cisplatin as postoperative chemotherapy.MethodsWe extracted DNA from 43 resected hepatoblastoma tumors. Methylation array analyses were performed in 11 samples, including six cisplatin‐sensitive and five cisplatin‐resistant samples. We also performed cDNA microarray analysis in parental and cisplatin‐resistant HuH6 cells. Through comparison of the datasets, we selected the strongest correlated cisplatin‐resistant candidate gene. Using bisulfite pyrosequencing, the candidate gene methylation level was assessed in 38 cisplatin‐sensitive patients after checking its usefulness as a substitute modality of methylation array. Correlations between the methylation status and clinical data were analyzed.ResultsCSF3R was the strongest correlated variable. Bisulfite pyrosequencing analysis also confirmed CSF3R was significantly hypermethylated in cisplatin‐resistant patients. Among the 38 cisplatin‐sensitive patients, recurrence curves showed that the CSF3R high methylation patients had significantly higher recurrence than CSF3R low methylation patients. The recurrence curve of methylation high patients was similar to that of cisplatin‐resistant patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that CSF3R hypermethylation was related to cisplatin resistance in HB patients and could be a predictor of postoperative chemotherapy, and indicate that CSF3R high methylation patients should be treated with non‐CDDP regimens.
The effect of religiosity on luxury goods: The case of Chilean youths
Authors: Arli Denni , Gil Luciana de Araujo , van Esch Patrick 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReligion has always rejected the concept of materialism and urged people to live in simplicity and moderation. Nonetheless, reality reveals a different phenomenon. Studies on religion and materialism have found inconsistent results. We examine the effect of religion on materialism and affective attitudes towards luxury goods and the mediating effect of materialism on affective attitude towards luxury goods. We propose the idea that many religious people reject the concept of materialism, but they consider luxury goods consumption compatible with their religious beliefs. 355 university students show that youth consumers with high intrinsic religiosity possess an affective attitude towards luxury goods. The results show that consumers perceived materialism and luxury goods as two separate constructs. Religious consumers reject the concept of materialism as an attachment to worldly possessions, but they maintain their emotional affection towards luxury goods. The results have several implications for both business and religious leaders. First, from a business perspective, there are no significant differences between religious and nonreligious youth consumers, especially in their acceptance of luxury goods. Simply put, religious youth consumers love God, but they also love Gucci (i.e., luxury goods). On the other hand, if religious leaders are teaching their congregations to reject materialism, they may need to shift the focus of their teaching from materialism to the role of luxury goods in their lives and how the purchase and ownership of luxury items may not reflect the true values of their beliefs.
Exosomes transmit T790M mutation‐induced resistance in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC by activating PI3K/AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Xiaozhen , Jiang Tao , Li Xuefei , Zhao Chao , Li Jiayu , Zhou Fei , Zhang Limin , Zhao Sha , Jia Yijun , Shi Jinpeng , Gao Guanghui , Li Wei , Zhao Jing , Chen Xiaoxia , Su Chunxia , Ren Shengxiang , Zhou Caicun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence has shown that exosomes derived from drug‐resistant tumour cells are able to horizontally transmit drug‐resistant phenotype to sensitive cells. However, whether exosomes shed by EGFR T790M‐mutant–resistant NSCLC cells could transfer drug resistance to sensitive cells has not been investigated. We isolated exosomes from the conditioned medium (CM) of T790M‐mutant NSCLC cell line H1975 and sensitive cell line PC9. The role and mechanism of exosomes in regulating gefitinib resistance was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Exosome‐derived miRNA expression profiles from PC9 and H1975 were analysed by small RNA sequencing and confirmed by qRT‐PCR. We found that exosomes shed by H1975 could transfer gefitinib resistance to PC9 both in vitro and in vivo through activating PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Small RNA sequencing and RT‐PCR confirmed that miR‐3648 and miR‐522‐3p were the two most differentially expressed miRNAs and functional study showed that up‐regulation of miR‐522‐3p could induce gefitinib resistance in PC9 cell. The findings of our study reveal an important mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR‐TKIs in NSCLC.
Combined ohmic heating and krypton‐chlorine excilamp treatment for the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice
Authors: Kim Sang‐Soon , Park Jihun , Park Heesoo , Hong Haknyeong , Kang Dong‐Hyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe combined effect of the 222‐nm krypton‐chlorine (KrCl) excilamp and ohmic heating for the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice was investigated in this study. When ohmic heating and a KrCl excilamp were applied to apple juice simultaneously, the reduction level of E. coli O157:H7 following 70 s (target temperature of 65.9°C) of combination treatment reaching 4.6 log CFU/ml was significantly higher than that of each treatment alone (2.7 log CFU/ml). The same trend, indicating a synergistic bactericidal effect, was observed for L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium. Therefore, the combination treatment of the KrCl excilamp and ohmic heating can be used effectively to control bacterial pathogens in apple juice with a reduced processing time.Practical applicationsDemands for energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly bactericidal apparatuses have been increasing. Although the mercury UV lamp has been widely used to inactivate foodborne pathogens in water or juice products individually or combined with heat treatment, the use of this conventional lamp will be limited continuously in accordance with the Minamata Convention treaty, which restricts the use of mercury. Thus, it is of interest to identify the bactericidal effect of an alternative UV‐C lamp and its combination with heat treatment. The synergistic bactericidal effect of the KrCl excilamp and ohmic heating, which are alternative nonthermal and thermal technologies, respectively, was identified in the present study. The results indicated in this study could be utilized by juice processors to achieve a 5‐log reduction in foodborne pathogens.
Developmental stages and estimated prevalence of coexisting mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions and service use in youth with intellectual disabilities, 2011–2012
Authors: Comer‐HaGans D. , Weller B. E. , Story C. , Holton J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies exist on mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions and service use among youth with intellectual disabilities (IDs), which makes it difficult to develop interventions for this population. The objective of the study is to (1) estimate and compare the prevalence of mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions in youth with and without ID across three developmental stages and (2) estimate and compare mental health service use in youth with and without ID across three developmental stages.MethodsWe conducted secondary data analysis using cross‐sectional data collected from caregivers completing the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health. The data set represents a nationally representative sample of youth (0–17 years) in the USA with one child from each household being randomly selected. Data were collected from caregivers in 50 states, Washington D.C. and the US Virgin Islands. We restricted the sample to parents of youth between 3–17 years (N = 81 510).ResultsCompared with youth without ID, youth ages 3–17 with ID had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of (1) mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions and (2) mental health care use and medication use for mental health and neurodevelopmental issues (other than attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Clinically significant differences in coexisting conditions and service use were also found across developmental stages.ConclusionsYouth with ID are at greater risk of having coexisting mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions than youth without ID and are more likely to receive treatment. Therefore, clinicians should consider mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions and the unique needs of youth by developmental stage when tailoring interventions for youth with ID.
A stable relationship between personality and academic performance from childhood through adolescence. An original study and replication in hundred‐thousand‐person samples
Authors: Andersen Simon Calmar , Gensowski Miriam , Ludeke Steven G. , John Oliver P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have demonstrated that personality traits predict academic performance for students in high school and college. Much less evidence exists on whether the relationship between personality traits and academic performance changes from childhood to adolescence, and existing studies show very mixed findings. This study tests one hypothesis—that the importance of Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, and Conscientiousness for academic performance changes fundamentally during school—against an alternative hypothesis suggesting that the changing relationships found in previous research are largely measurement artifacts.MethodWe used a nationwide sample of 135,389 primary and lower secondary students from Grade 4 to Grade 8. We replicated all results in a separate sample of another 127,375 students.ResultsWe found that academic performance was equally strongly related to our measure of Conscientiousness at all these grade levels, and the significance of Agreeableness and Emotional Stability predominantly reflected their connections with Conscientiousness. However, age also appeared to shape the relationship between Emotional Stability and performance.ConclusionAmidst the replication crisis in psychology these findings demonstrate a very stable and predictable relationship between personality traits and academic performance, which may have important implications for the education of children already in primary school.
Profiles of Risk and Protection for Violence and Bullying Perpetration Among Adolescent Boys
Authors: Taliaferro Lindsay A. , Doty Jennifer L. , Gower Amy L. , Querna Katherine , Rovito Michael J. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDViolence and bullying perpetration among boys are major public health problems. We address gaps in the literature by examining: (1) how risk and protective factors co‐occur, and (2) how different risk/protection profiles are associated with violence and bullying perpetration among adolescent boys.METHODSData came from the population‐based 2016 Minnesota Student Survey. The analytic sample included boys in grades 8, 9, and 11 (N = 63,818). Latent profile analyses identified patterns of 22 behavioral, intrapersonal, family, and school and community risk/protective factors. Logistic regression analyses examined how these patterns related to violence and bullying perpetration.RESULTSWe identified 5 groups: Class 1: Low risk, high safety, high connectedness; Class 2: Low risk, moderate safety, moderate connectedness; Class 3: Moderate risk, high safety, moderate connectedness; Class 4: High risk, moderate safety, low connectedness; and Class 5: High risk, low safety, low connectedness. Compared to Class 1, Class 5 students had the highest odds of all for violence and bullying perpetration. Class 4 students also demonstrated high odds of violence and bullying, compared to Class 1. Though not as high as Classes 4 or 5, Class 2 and 3 students showed higher odds for both outcomes, compared to Class 1.CONCLUSIONSSubstantive variations exist in boys who engage in violence and bullying. We highlight cumulative, co‐occurring risk factors, connectedness to parents and other prosocial adults (eg, teachers), and school and neighborhood safety as important factors to address in school health programs seeking to prevent violence and bullying perpetration among boys.
Meconium aspiration syndrome: incidence, associated risk factors and outcome‐evidence from a multicentric study in low‐resource settings in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Prajwal , Sunny Avinash K , Poudel Pragya G , Gurung Rejina , Gurung Abhishek , Bastola Ramchandra , Chaudhary Ram N , Budhathoki Shyam S , Ashish K C 
Published: January 2020

AimThe aim of this study was to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcome associated with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS).MethodsAn observational study was conducted in 12 public hospitals in Nepal from 1 July 2017 to 29 August 2018. All babies born within the study period were included in the study. Babies who were diagnosed as MAS were designated as outcome. Data were analysed with bivariate analysis followed by multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe overall incidence of MAS was 2.0 per 1000 livebirths. Babies born at post‐term gestation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05–5.55), nulliparity (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.20–4.28), instrumental delivery (AOR = 4.79; 95% CI: 2.52–9.10) and caesarean delivery (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 2.29–5.89) were significantly associated with MAS. Babies with MAS had a 10‐fold risk for pre‐discharge mortality (odds ratio = 9.87; 95% CI: 5.81–16.76).ConclusionsThe findings in this study are consistent with that reported in other studies. MAS has a high risk of neonatal mortality. Thus, monitoring during pregnancy and labour is necessary for early identification of high‐risk conditions associated with MAS. Strengthening of newborn care services is essential to curtail mortality.
Evidence of widespread hybridization among couch grasses (Elymus, Poaceae)
Authors: Urfusová Romana , Mahelka Václav , Krahulec František , Urfus Tomáš 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHybridization, polyploidization, and crop‐to‐wild gene transfer within the agriculturally important tribe Triticeae are well explored experimentally, but the true consequences of both phenomena under natural conditions remain understudied. The present paper reports on an investigation of three species of couch grasses (Elymus hispidus, E. repens, and E. caninus) examining the ploidy levels and absolute genome sizes (1081 plants from 302 natural populations in Central Europe, verified by chromosome counts) and their morphological delimitation. In the present study, the hexaploid level prevailed in E. hispidus and E. repens whereas E. caninus was exclusively tetraploid. Introgressive hybridization between hexaploid species, unidirectionally shifted towards E. hispidus, was indicated by a continual pattern of genome size values. We did not find any evidence for heteroploid hybridization involving tetraploid E. caninus; however, we detected minority cytotypes among both E. caninus plants (hexaploid) and E. repens–E. hispidus hybrids (heptaploid and nonaploid) suggesting the formation of unreduced gametes. Morphometric results (367 plants, redundancy analysis, principal component analysis, and correlation analysis) mirrored the continual homoploid pattern of absolute genome size (including the unidirectional shift), and a significant correlation between absolute genome size and morphology was confirmed. Moreover, morphometric analyses detected additional characteristics for the delimitation of the Elymus taxa under study. Considering the crossability of E. hispidus with Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), the revealed extent of introgressive hybridization has implications for assessing the potential risk of gene flow between crops and troublesome weeds.