bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trigeminal Neuralgia Crisis – Intravenous Phenytoin as Acute Rescue Treatment
Authors: Schnell Susana , Marrodan Mariano , Acosta Julian N. , Bonamico Lucas , Goicochea María T. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze responses to intravenous (IV) phenytoin (PHT) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) crisis in a group of patients treated at our institution.BackgroundTN is one of the most common causes of facial pain. Its treatment relies on preventive therapy with either carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. During severe pain episodes, patients may be unable to eat, drink, or even swallow oral medication, requiring in‐hospital treatment. There is scarce evidence to support IV medication use for TN, making management of this condition difficult.MethodsWe reviewed clinical records of patients with TN crisis consulting the emergency department at a tertiary neurological referral center in Buenos Aires, Argentina, treated with IV PHT as analgesic strategy, and with at least 1‐month posttreatment follow‐up. Demographic features, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and therapeutic management were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐nine patients with TN were included, 18 (46.2%) receiving IV PHT more than once (total number of infusions administered, 65). Immediate pain relief was observed in 89.2% (58/65) and 15.4% (10/65) presented side effects.ConclusionsWe recommend IV PHT as acute rescue treatment in TN crisis.
Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy – a guide to SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID‐19 tissues
Authors: Hopfer Helmut , Herzig Martin C , Gosert Rainer , Menter Thomas , Hench Jürgen , Tzankov Alexandar , Hirsch Hans H , Miller Sara E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy has become a valuable tool to investigate tissues of COVID‐19 patients because it allows visualisation of SARS‐CoV‐2, but the ‘virus‐like particles’ described in several organs have been highly contested. Because most electron microscopists in pathology are not accustomed to analysing viral particles and subcellular structures, our review aims to discuss the ultrastructural changes associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 with respect to pathology, virology and electron microscopy. Using micrographs from infected cell cultures and autopsy tissues, we show how coronavirus replication affects ultrastructure and put the morphological findings in the context of viral replication, which induces extensive remodelling of the intracellular membrane systems. Virions assemble by budding into the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi intermediate complex and are characterised by electron‐dense dots of cross‐sections of the nucleocapsid inside the viral particles. Physiological mimickers such as multivesicular bodies or coated vesicles serve as perfect decoys. Compared to other in‐situ techniques, transmission electron microscopy is the only method to visualise assembled virions in tissues, and will be required to prove SARS‐CoV‐2 replication outside the respiratory tract. In practice, documenting in tissues the characteristic features seen in infected cell cultures seems to be much more difficult than anticipated. In our view, the hunt for coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy is still on.
Outcomes of community‐based hepatitis C treatment by general practitioners and nurses in Australia through remote specialist consultation
Authors: Haridy James , Iyngkaran Guru , Nicoll Amanda , Muller Kate , Wilson Mark , Wigg Alan , Ramachandran Jeyamani , Nelson Renjy , Bloom Stephen , Sasadeusz Joseph , Watkinson Sally , Colman Anton , Altus Rosalie , Tilley Emma , Stewart Jeffrey , Hebbard Geoff , Liew Danny , Tse Edmund 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA unique model of care was adopted in Australia following introduction of universal subsidised direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) access in 2016 in order to encourage rapid scale‐up of treatment. Community‐based medical practitioners and integrated hepatitis nurses initiated DAA treatment with remote hepatitis specialist approval of the planned treatment without physical review.AimsTo evaluate outcomes of community‐based treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) through this remote consultation process in the first 12 months of this model of care.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients undergoing community‐based HCV treatment from general practitioners and integrated hepatitis nurse consultants through the remote consultation model in three state jurisdictions in Australia from 1 March 2016 to 28 February 2017.ResultsSustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) was confirmed in 383 (65.1%) of 588 subjects intended for treatment with a median follow‐up time of 12 months (interquartile range 9–14 months). The SVR12 test was not performed in 159 (27.0%) of 588 and 307 (52.2%) of 588 did not have liver biochemistry rechecked following treatment. Subjects who completed follow up exhibited high SVR12 rates (383/392; 97.7%). Nurse‐led treatment was associated with higher confirmation of SVR12 (73.7% vs 62.4%; P = 0.01) and liver biochemistry testing post treatment (57.5% vs 45.0%; P = 0.01).ConclusionsCommunity‐based management of HCV through remote specialist consultation may be an effective model of care. Failure to check SVR12, recheck liver biochemistry and appropriate surveillance in patients with cirrhosis may emerge as significant issues requiring further support, education and refinement of the model to maximise effectiveness of future elimination efforts.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis defined by mass spectrometry‐based proteomics in an Australian cohort
Authors: Withers Barbara , McCaughan Georgia , Hayward Christopher , Kotlyar Eugene , Jabbour Andrew , Rainer Stephen , De Angelis Enzo , Horvath Noemi , Milliken Sam , Dogan Ahmet , MacDonald Peter , Moore John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac amyloidosis has a very poor prognosis, but it is the nature of the involved precursor protein that ultimately dictates treatment and survival.AimDefinitively characterise the amyloid subtype by mass spectrometry (MS) in an Australian cohort of patients with cardiac amyloidosis.MethodsWe report the clinical characteristics and survival of 47 cardiac amyloid patients across two Australian centres including 39 patients evaluated for definitive amyloid subtype utilising laser microdissection and tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsA quarter (n = 12) of patients were classified as wild‐type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt), 33 patients as light or heavy chain amyloidosis (AL or AH) and two as hereditary mutant transthyretin amyloidosis. Greater left ventricular hypertrophy (interventricular septum 22 vs 15 mm; P = 0.005) and history of cardiac arrhythmia (75% vs 31%; P = 0.016) were significantly associated with ATTRwt patients compared with AL/AH patients. AL patients demonstrated significantly shorter median survival compared with ATTRwt patients (3.5 vs 37 months; P = 0.007). New York Heart Association class III–IV symptoms or plasma cells ≥10% at diagnosis, were the only independent predictors of worse survival in AL patients on multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAL amyloidosis accounted for 68% of our cohort of patients with cardiac amyloidosis while ATTR accounted for 26%. In the era of novel therapies for both AL amyloid and ATTR, identification of the correct amyloid subtype is essential in making therapeutic decisions and providing accurate prognostic information to patients. Laser microdissection and tandem mass spectrometry plays an important role in identifying amyloid subtype, particularly in complex cases.
On the Effects of Spatial Confounding in Hierarchical Models
Authors: Nobre Widemberg S. , Schmidt Alexandra M. , Pereira João B. M. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryUsually, in spatial generalised linear models, covariates that are spatially smooth are collinear with spatial random effects. This affects the bias and precision of the regression coefficients. This is known in the spatial statistics literature as spatial confounding. We discuss the problem of confounding in the case of multilevel spatial models wherein there are multiple observations within clusters. We show that even under the standard multilevel model, which allows for independent (i.e. not spatially correlated) cluster effects, the cluster‐level fixed effects might be biased depending on the structure of the ‘true’ generating mechanism of the processes. We provide simulation studies in order to investigate the effects of confounding in the estimation of fixed effects present in random intercept models under different scenarios of confounding. One remedy to spatial confounding is restricted spatial regression wherein the spatial random effects are constrained to be orthogonal to the fixed effects of the model. We propose one way to fit a restricted spatial regression model for multilevel data and illustrate it with artificial data analyses. We also briefly describe the issue of confounding in random intercept and slope models.
Thermal expansion and heat capacities of holmium and erbium orthotantalates ceramics
Authors: Gagarin Pavel G. , Guskov Anton V. , Guskov Vladimir N. , Tyurin Aleksandr V. , Khoroshilov Andrey V. , Gavrichev Konstantin S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMonoclinic M‐orthotantalates of holmium and erbium ceramics were obtained by co‐precipitation and annealing at 1773 K and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical analysis. Using the high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction method, the temperature dependence of the monoclinic lattice parameters of both ceramics were determined at range 298‐1273 K. The molar heat capacity of M‐HoTaO4 and M‐ErTaO4 were measured by adiabatic (7‐350 K) and differential scanning (320‐1350 K) calorimetry. Standard thermodynamic function (entropy, enthalpy change, and reduced Gibbs energy) were calculated on the smoothed values of molar capacity, without taking into account contribution of low‐temperature interval: 0‐7 K for M‐HoTaO4 and 0‐8 K for M‐ErTaO4. The general shape of the anomalous Schottky contribution to the molar heat capacity was determined.
One‐pot solution combustion synthesis of crystalline and amorphous molybdenum trioxide as anode for lithium‐ion battery
Authors: Wu Haoyang , Zhou Shiqi , Tseng Chaoheng , Qin Mingli , Shiue Angus , Chu Aimin , Cao Zhiqin , Jia Baorui , Qu Xuanhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, crystalline MoO3 rods and amorphous MoO3 microsheets were synthesized using a one‐step, large‐scale, and time‐ and energy‐efficient solution combustion synthesis method. When urea was used as a fuel, ultralong rod‐like crystalline MoO3 with a length over 50 μm was synthesized. In the case of citric acid, an amorphous MoO3 product with a porous microsheet structure was obtained. As anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, the unique structure of amorphous MoO3 sample has significant advantages including fast diffusion of lithium ion, providing a lot of active sites for lithium ion storage and stable structure. Thus, the amorphous MoO3 sample exhibits greater electrochemical performance, a high capacity of 818 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in the 100th cycle and 510 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 in the 300th cycle, than that of crystalline MoO3 product. Moreover, this study provides guide for preparing other amorphous and crystalline transition‐metal oxides with a pure phase.
Effect of moisture on the oxidation behavior of ZrB2
Authors: Naraparaju Ravisankar , Maniya Keyur , Murchie Alec , Fahrenholtz William G. , Hilmas Gregory E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxidation studies of ZrB2 were performed under wet air and dry air conditions at 1200°C, 1400°C, and 1500°C for 1, 4, and 10 h. Compared to dry air, the presence of water vapor was found to enhance the oxidation kinetics by a factor of 7 to 30, depending on the temperature. Thermodynamic calculations suggested that water vapor promoted the formation of additional volatile species such as boric acid (HBO2), in addition to boria (B2O3) produced in dry air, which increased the evaporation rate of B2O3. Compared to dry air, the presence of water vapor leads to more rapid evaporation of boria and the transition from parabolic oxidation kinetic behavior (ie, rate controlled by diffusion through boria) to linear (ie, underlying ZrB2 is directly exposed to the oxidizing environment) at shorter times and lower temperatures.
Preparation and enhanced adsorption properties for CO2 and dyes of amino‐decorated hierarchical porous BCN aerogels
Authors: Tian Liang , Liang Feng , Dong Longhao , Li Junyi , Jia Quanli , Zhang Haijun , Yan Sheng , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdsorption process is a cost‐effective way to the dye removal and CO2 capture. Improvements of the adsorption performance and conformance to the practical application conditions are necessary steps to approach practicality. Herein, hierarchical porous carbon‐doped boron nitride (BCN) aerogels with amino modification were synthesized for the first time by freeze drying and carbothermal reduction method. As‐prepared BCN aerogels exhibited superior adsorption performance for CO2 and dyes. Compared with BN aerogel, notwithstanding the lower surface area, the as‐prepared BCN aerogel exhibited 6‐fold‐enhanced CO2 capture and higher dyes adsorption capacity, delivering a more than 150 times adsorption rate with methylene blue (MB) as the adsorbent. The reinforced adsorption properties were demonstrated to be primarily from the synergistic effect of carbon doping and amino decoration on the obviously improved adsorption energy, hydrophilicity and mesopore volume, accelerating the kinetics of dye and gas molecules diffusion. This work provides a new way on the design of high‐efficiency absorbent materials.
Micromechanics of machining and wear in hard and brittle materials
Authors: Lawn Brian R. , Borrero‐Lopez Oscar , Huang Han , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHard and brittle solids with covalent/ionic bonding are used in a wide range of modern‐day manufacturing technologies. Optimization of a shaping process can shorten manufacturing time and cost of component production, and at the same time extend component longevity. The same process can contribute to wear and fatigue degradation in service. Educated development of advanced finishing protocols for this class of solids requires a comprehensive understanding of damage mechanisms at small‐scale contacts from a materials perspective. The basic science of attendant deformation and removal modes in contact events is here analyzed and discussed in the context of brittle and ductile machining and severe and mild wear. Essentials of brittle–ductile transitions in micro‐ and nano‐indentation fields are outlined, with distinctions between blunt and sharp contacts and axial and sliding loading. The central role of microstructure in material removal modes is highlighted. Pathways to future research—experimental, analytical, and computational—are indicated.
The development and testing of a nurse‐led smartphone‐based self‐management programme for diabetes patients with poor glycaemic control
Authors: Wang Wenru , Cheng Michelle Tze Min , Leong Foon Leng , Goh Antoinette Wei Ling , Lim Suan Tee , Jiang Ying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe a systematic process for the development of a nurse‐led smartphone‐based self‐management programme for type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycaemic control in Singapore.MethodsA three‐step process involving the application of a theoretical framework, evidence from literature, content validity, and pilot tests were conducted for the content and technical development of the programme. Content experts and lay patients evaluated the appropriateness, relevance, and comprehensibility of the newly developed Care4Diabetes application. A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 patients recruited in Singapore. Twenty patients each were randomly allocated to the control and intervention groups. The study outcomes were collected at baseline and at 3 months thereafter.ResultsThe nurse‐led smartphone‐based self‐management programme was developed with integration of the Care4Diabetes application and the web‐portal system. The pilot results indicated that the effects of this smartphone‐based programme on patient's health‐related outcomes were comparable with those of the currently available nurse‐led diabetes service.ConclusionThe smartphone‐based self‐management intervention was deemed effective, yet full‐scale randomized controlled trials are still ongoing and the results of these may provide strong evidence of the effectiveness of such an approach in improving patient care.ImpactThe uniqueness of this study lies in the integrated system used, which offers a clinical platform for diabetes nurses to provide personalized coaching and care to patients remotely, while monitoring patients' progress closely. By adopting such an approach, it would free up more time for nurses to cater to patients who are more critically in need of their direct attention.
Rational and moral motives to reduce red and processed meat consumption
Authors: Carfora Valentina , Conner Mark , Caso Daniela , Catellani Patrizia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study analyzed the psychosocial aspects that predict intention to reduce red/processed meat consumption, proposing an integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Value‐Belief‐Norm (VBN) approaches. Participants (N = 233) filled in a self‐report online questionnaire, measuring the intention to reduce red/processed meat consumption, and both TPB (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and past behavior) and VBN (universalism, general pro‐environmental beliefs, awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and personal norm) variables. Results of structural equation modeling showed the adequacy of the proposed TPB + VBN integrated model to predict consumers’ intention to reduce red/processed meat consumption. Attitude and subjective norm were the strongest predictors of intention, followed by personal norm and past behavior. Mediation analyses showed that the impact of the VBN chain (from universalism to personal norm) on intention was mediated by attitude. Thus, consumers’ intention to reduce red/processed meat consumption was associated with a rational consideration of benefits related to the behavior in question, which in turn was based on moral considerations connected to pro‐environmental motives. Discussion focuses on the opportunity to integrate the (rational) TPB approach with the (normative) VBN approach, highlighting psychosocial aspects that public policy should focus on to promote a reduction of red/processed meat consumption.
Montane forest expansion at high elevations drives rapid reduction in non‐forest area, despite no change in mean forest elevation
Authors: Morley Peter J. , Donoghue Daniel N. M. , Chen Jan‐Chang , Jump Alistair S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimAt the elevational limit of forest distribution, montane forests show diverse responses to environmental change with upward shifts, increased tree density and lateral expansion reported. To enable informed analysis of the consequences forest advance will have on montane biodiversity, we quantify changes in the area and elevation of the tree line ecotone and identify how patterns of forest advance are modified by topography and over time.LocationCentral Mountain Range, Taiwan.Time period1963–2016.Major taxa studiedMontane Forests.MethodsChanges in the area and elevation of montane forest at the tree line ecotone were quantified using a stratified random sample of aerial photography captured in 1963, 1980, 2001 and 2016. Weighted estimates of habitat area and elevation for each time step were used to quantify the influence of slope aspect and inclination on tree line ecotone change and identify how the rate of habitat change varies over time.ResultsNon‐forest area declined by 29% between 1963 and 2016 driven by a 295.0 ha increase in forest area within the study region. Despite no change in mean forest elevation, the mean elevation of establishing forest has increased at a rate of 2.17 m/yr. Changes in forest area and elevation are spatially variable, driven by the complex montane topography. East and south facing slopes show the largest gains in forest area and 0–20° slopes show an increasing rate of forest establishment up to 2016, while slopes facing west or with incline > 46° show negligible change.Main conclusionsClimate‐linked montane forest expansion in the Central Mountain Range in Taiwan is dominated by infilling rather than increases in forest elevation. Forest expansion has significantly reduced non‐forest habitat area in this endemic species‐rich region. However, considerable terrain‐dependent variation in forest advance occurs, offering the potential that non‐forest species will continue to persist at high elevations with reduced population size.
Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: Subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage
Authors: García‐Verdugo Carlos , Monroy Pedro , Pugnaire Francisco I. , Jura‐Morawiec Joanna , Moreira Xoaquín , Flexas Jaume 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimOne of the main goals of functional biogeography is to examine distribution patterns of trait diversity, and islands provide excellent study cases for this emerging field. We tested the hypothesis that multiple dispersals from a common mainland pool would promote functional similarity among island systems when environmental conditions are similar, but also novel phenotypic traits related to colonization history and exploitation of new habitats.LocationMediterranean Basin and Macaronesian islands.TaxonWolfbane (Periploca laevigata)MethodsWe used the well‐known biogeographical history of a woody plant complex (P. laevigata s.l.) to examine trait variation and how it relates to climatic conditions of mainland and subtropical island settings. In a common garden experiment, we measured a suite of leaf physiological and anatomical traits tightly related to plant performance in 320 seedlings representing 21 populations of five sublineages—the oldest (2.6 my) island colonization (western Canary Islands) as a reference, three sublineages stemming from independent events of island colonization in the last 0.5 my from NW Africa (Cape Verde, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote) and their widespread Mediterranean mainland counterpart.ResultsWe observed strong phenotypic divergence between island and mainland sublineages linked to contrasting climatic conditions. Mediterranean mainland populations displayed a very specialized leaf phenotype characteristic of arid plants (i.e. small leaves, amphistomaty, isobilateral mesophyll, high photosynthetic rates). In turn, low seasonality on islands was linked to the recurrent expression of a phenotype characterized by larger leaves and lower photosynthetic rates. Our analyses showed that the high investment in secondary compounds (i.e. tannins) on islands decouples photosynthesis from growth rates. Despite this pattern of parallel differentiation, each island sublineage displayed a distinctive phenotype, with some traits related to colonization time, which resulted in a mosaic of functional variation across island systems.Main conclusionsOur data suggest that the studied subtropical islands promote expression of traits specific to certain sublineages and other common traits that are no longer adaptive in the original mainland pool due to Pleistocene climatic shifts. These findings ultimately extend the role of islands as biodiversity refugia and hotspots of plant functional diversity.