bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Ecocriticism: Negotiating the Challenges of Fragmentation?
Authors: Bellarsi Franca 
Published: March 2020

Key words: European ecocriticism, Canadian ecological identity, federation, European nature, European identity, diversity, fragmentation, bioregional network, eco-comparatist, multilingual ecocriticism European ecocriticism is distinguished from ‘ecocriticism made in USA’ by geo-physical fragmentation, the absence of shared encounters of the human with the non-human, and linguistic and political heterogeneity. There is no unitary continental consciousness. However, linguistic and cultural diversity can be an asset rather than a disadvantage, if it is allowed to steer European ecocriticism in a new direction. The European terrain invites ecocritics to become multilingual eco-comparatists, paying special attention to how linguistic representation aids and hampers environmental consciousness. Palabras clave: eco crítica europea, identidad ecológica canadiense, federación, naturaleza europea, identidad europea, diversidad, fragmentación, red bioregional, eco-comparatista, eco crítica multilingüe. La ecocrítica europea se distingue de la ecocrítica ‘made in USA’ por la fragmentación geofísica, la ausencia de encuentros compartidos de lo humano con lo no-humano y por la heterogeneidad lingüística y política. No hay una conciencia continental unitaria. Sin embargo, la diversidad cultural y lingüística puede ser una ventaja más que una desventaja si se la permite dirigir la ecocrítica europea en una nueva dirección. El terreno europeo invita a los ecocríticos a convertirse en eco-comparatistas multilingües, prestando especial atención a cómo la representación lingüística ayuda y obstaculiza a la conciencia medioambiental.
État des lieux de la pensée écocritique française
Authors: Posthumus Stephanie 
Published: March 2020

Key words: écocritique française, littérature et écologie, représentation littéraire du paysage, Nathalie Blanc, éthique animale Ecocriticism may be in its infancy in France, yet it has the potential to make a distinctive contribution. The few current French members of ASLE generally work in American Studies. However, their focus on narrative strategy and poetic structures suggests a difference in approach which parallels that between French political ecology and Anglo-American thinking on the environment. The editors of a recent ecocritical publication identified the central question for their compatriots as one of literary aesthetics. Current research in France includes work on literary landscapes, animals and the aesthetics of urban environments. There are, of course, also ecocritics writing in French outside France. Palabras clave: ecocrítica francesa, literatura y ecología, representación literaria del paisaje, Nathalie Blanc, ética animal Puede que la ecocrítica en Francia aún esté en su infancia, pero tiene el potencial para hacer una contribución distintiva. Los pocos miembros franceses de ASLE en la actualidad trabajan generalmente Estudios Norteamericanos. Sin embargo, su foco en la estrategia narrativa y en las estructuras poéticas sugiere una diferencia en el enfoque paralela a la que hay entre la ecología política francesa y el pensamiento medioambiental anglo-americano. Los editores de una reciente publicación ecocrítica identificaron para sus compatriotas la cuestión central como una de estética literaria. La investigación actual en Francia incluye el trabajo sobre paisajes literarios, sobre animales, y sobre la estética de entornos urbanos. Por supuesto, también hay fuera de Francia ecocríticos/as que escriben en francés.
Une Lecture Écocritique de Marguerite Yourcenar
Authors: Sanz Teo 
Published: March 2020

Key words: Marguerite Yourcenar, engagement écologique littéraire, Agrippa d'Aubigné, sensibilité vis-à-vis de la nature, dissolution dans la nature, fragilité des forêts, éthique se l'environnement non anthropocentrée The Belgian-French novelist Marguerite Yourcenar is a rare example of an established literary figure whose writing in French cries out for ecocritical attention. Discovering environmental pollution and destruction as an issue in the late 1950s, when she went to live in the USA, Yourcenar became an active supporter of conservationist and animal rights initiatives, and began to express her commitment to reconciliation between humans, non-human life and the inanimate environment in her fiction and critical essays on French literature. A fascination with pristine wilderness speaks from her last novel, published in 1982, whose protagonist relinquishes human individuality to become one with sublime nature. Palabras clave: Marguerite Yourcenar, compromiso ecológico literario, Agrippa d'Aubigné, sensibilidad con la naturaleza, disolución en la naturaleza, fragilidad de los bosques, ética del medioambiente no antropocéntrico. La novelista franco belga Marguerite Yourcenar es un raro ejemplo de figura literaria de reconocido prestigio cuyos escritos en francés claman atención ecocrítica. Cuando emigró a Estados Unidos a finales de los años 1950 descubrió el problema de la contaminación y destrucción medioambiental y se convirtió en colaboradora activa en iniciativas conservacionistas y pro derechos de los animales. Comenzó a expresar su compromiso con la reconciliación entre los seres humanos, los seres vivos no humanos y el medioambiente inanimado en su literatura y en ensayos críticos sobre literatura francesa. De su última novela, publicada en 1982, en la que la protagonista abandona la individualidad humana para fundirse con la naturaleza sublime emana una fascinación con la prístina naturaleza salvaje.
La homogeneización de la naturaleza en la obra de Gioconda Belli
Authors: White Steven F 
Published: March 2020

ResumenUn análisis ecocrítico de la obra de la nicaragüense Gioconda Belli, que nació en 1948, revela que la autora suele homogenizar el medio ambiente, tratándolo en términos genéricos como un adorno, sin el conocimiento de las cualidades específicas locales ni de sistemas cuyo ámbito abarca lo global. Según Val Plumwood en Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason, “este modelo promueve la insensibilidad a la diversidad maravillosa de la naturaleza, ya que las diferencias en la naturaleza sólo se cuidan si es probable que contribuyan de manera obvia al bienestar humano” (Plumwood 107). Este rasgo de su poética distingue a Belli del gran número de nicaragüenses de la población general que sí sabe nombrar a muchos miembros de su comunidad biológica, incorporarlos en sus vidas como remedios para una gran variedad de enfermedades comunes y también usarlos como figuras muy expresivas de conversaciones cotidianas. Abstract An ecocritical analysis of Nicaraguan autor Gioconda Belli’s work, who was born in 1948, reveals that the author usually homogenizes the environment, treating it in generic terms as an ornament, without the knowledge of the local specific qualities nor the systems whose scope cover the global. According to Val Plumwood in Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason, “the model promotes insensitivity to the marvelous diversity of nature, since differences in nature are attended to only if they are likely to contribute in some obvious way to human welfare” (Plumwood 107). This feature of her poetics distinguishes Belli from the vast number of Nicaraguans of the general population who do know to name many members of their biological community, to incorporate them into their lives as remedy for a great variety of common diseases and also to use them as very expressive figures in everyday conversation.
Poems
Authors: Dunkerley Hugh 
Published: March 2020

Hugh Dunkerley is Senior Lecturer at the University of Chichester, where he teaches both creative and critical courses. This year, he published his third book of poetry (Hare, Cinnamon Press, 2010). He has been West Sussex Poet Laureate since 2000. In addition to his work as a much awarded poet, Dunkerley publishes scholarly articles on contemporary poetry. Since the mid nineteen-eighties, when he worked in conservation, he developed a strong interest in environmentalist issues, and in ecocriticism. He was Vice-Chair of the UK section of The Association for the Study of Literature and the Environment. In 2004, he led ASLE’s biennial conference at Chichester, entitled ‘Cross-Fertilisations: Literature, Science and Nature,’ and was co-editor of Earthographies: Ecocriticism and Culture (New Formations), a special issue of New Formations that was based on that conference. Dunkerley is also reviewing for magazines such as The London Magazine and Envoi, and runs a monthly cabaret for local writers and musicians to promote local talent. The poem “The Whale” that is published in this issue, first appeared in Hare. We are grateful for the permission to reprint it here.
Paso del Norte
Authors: Morton Carlos 
Published: March 2020

Carlos Morton is a leading Chicano dramatist, who has been writing and producing plays for more than four decades. Among his best-known plays are The Many Deaths of Danny Rosales (1983) and Johnny Tenorio (1992). In addition to his work for the stage, which has been widely produced, he has written for television and radio, and taught at universities in Texas, California, and Mexico (he holds a PhD from the University of Texas, Austin). When he started his career, at the end of the 1960s and the start of the 1970s, his enthusiasm was sparked by the political theatre produced by Teatro Campesino and the San Francisco Mime Troupe. His work has since adopted a wider variety of styles and themes: evoking historical events, myths, biblical stories, and contemporary political issues, such as racism and machismo, interweaving realism with fantasy. But he always addresses a Chicano audience, and exposes the oppression of Chicano and Latino people. He is currently Professor of Theater at the University of California at Santa Barbara.
Intersection of Rivers Caldew and Eden
Authors: Darwell John 
Published: March 2020

Intersection of Rivers Caldew and Eden. From series 'Borderland' 1993 John Darwell is a much awarded, independent British photographer whose work expresses his interest in social and industrial change, concern for the environment, and the depiction of mental health. For almost three decades, his work has been exhibited and published widely, both nationally and internationally, including exhibitions in London, the USA, Mexico, South America and the Canary Islands. It is featured in a number of important collections including the National Museum of Media/Sun Life Collection in Bradford, the Victoria & Albert Museum, London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. His varied projects, that explore the external and internal landscapes of the contemporary world, include a trilogy on notorious sites marked by nuclear destruction or nuclear pollution (e.g. Hiroshima, Sellafield, Chernobyl); projects that evoke changes in the industrial landscapes (Manchester and Stockport clothing industry, Port of Liverpool, Manchester Docks); projects on the impact of foot and mouth disease in North Cumbria, the experience of depression, and the work of Kurt Schwitters. John Darwell also holds a position as a lecturer at the University of Bolton and the Cumbria Institute of the Arts. See http://www.johndarwell.com
Contemporary Ideas in a Traditional Mind-Set: The Nature Conservation Movement in Post War West-Germany (1945-1960)
Authors: Kirchhof Astrid Mignon 
Published: March 2020

In winter 1947 the Association for the Protection of the German Forest was founded to prevent the eradication of the forest across Germany after suffering wartime destruction, overuse and firewood logging. Especially the occupying forces faced harsh criticism from the German people for their widespread deforestation even though it seems that the Allied Powers used the wood resources quite responsibly. This article argues that the uproar by nature conservationists, politicians and “normal people” reflected a German sense of powerlessness, and revealed images and convictions of the forest as a national symbol that was supposedly endangered in post-war Germany. These post-war discussions referred back to the discourse of the 19th century, when German intellectuals declared the forest to be the myth of the German people and developed a notion of “Heimat” that saw a close connection between nation and nature. The post-war discussions involved many of those images and convictions. Nevertheless, the discussions were not only retrospective: they also reacted to the contemporary political situation and adapted their answers and solutions accordingly. En el invierno de 1947, se fundó la Asociación para la Protección de los Bosques Alemanes para prevenir la destrucción de los bosques en Alemania después de la guerra, la sobre-explotación y la extracción de leña. Especialmente las fuerzas de ocupación fueron duramente criticadas por el pueblo alemán por la deforestación que causaban, a pesar de que, al parecer, las autoridades alidas explotaban los recursos de madera responsablemente. El presente artículo postula que las quejas de los ambientalistas, políticos y “gente de a pie“ indicaban que el pueblo alemán se sentía impotente y sacaba a relucir imágenes e ideas de los bosques en tanto símbolos nacionales supuestamente en peligro en la Alemania de la posguerra. Estas discusiones de la posguerra reflejaban los discursos del siglo XIX con que los intelectuales alemanes elevaron los bosques a la categoría de mito representativo del pueblo alemán y desarrollaron en la idea de “Heimat” [“Patria”] una íntima conexión entre nación y naturaleza. Las discusiones de la posguerra trataron de muchas de esas imágenes e ideas decimonónicas pero no se limitaron a tener de ellas una mera visión retrospectiva, pues hicieron que respondieran a la situación política del momento y aportaran soluciones de acuerdo a la nueva coyuntura.
From The Enchantment of Nature to Fashioning a Persuasive Planetary Ethic
Authors: Bauman Whitney 
Published: March 2020

Many discussions surrounding environmental ethics and spirituality revolve around enchantment and place. Such notions are inherently marked by transcendent understandings of “religion” and “nature.” This article suggests that these transcendent understandings could be problematic in an era of globalization marked by movement and change. Using the work of postmodern thinkers to destabilize foundational concepts of “Nature,” as well as the sacred, this article argues for fashioning a planetary ethic that pays attention to aesthetics of movement and change, moving environmental ethics from a discussion about place to a discussion about pace. Muchos debates sobre la ética ambiental y la espiritualidad giran alrededor del encanto y la localización. Tales nociones están intrínsecamente marcadas por la comprensión trascendente de "religión" y "naturaleza". En este artículo se sugiere que estas concepciones trascendentes podrían ser problemáticas en una época de globalización caracterizada por el movimiento y el cambio. Utilizando el trabajo de pensadores postmodernos para desestabilizar los conceptos fundacionales de la "Naturaleza", así como de lo sagrado, este artículo argumenta a favor de la configuración de una ética planetaria que presta atención a la estética de movimiento y cambio, cambiando la ética del medio ambiente de una discusión sobre el lugar a un discusión sobre el ritmo.
The Triumph of Eywa: Avatar, Pantheism, and the Sign of an Ecological Ecumene
Authors: Lioi Anthony 
Published: March 2020

In an op-ed piece published in late 2009 in the New York Times, Ross Douthat claimed that James Cameron’s film Avatar was a piece of pantheist propaganda designed to encourage the worship of nature rather than God. In this essay, I critique Douthat’s claims as a misunderstanding of pantheism and a symptom of conservative Christian fear that environmentalism is crypto-paganism. I offer an alternative reading of Eywa, the film’s planetary intelligence, as a creature, a figure of the Christian goddess Natura; a descendant of literary paganism; and a sign of an incipient Christian environmental ecumene. En un artículo de opinión publicado a finales de 2009 en el New York Times, Ross Douthat afirmó que la película de James Cameron, Avatar, era un ejemplo de propaganda panteísta diseñada para animar a la adoración de la naturaleza en vez de a Dios. En este ensayo, evalúo las afirmaciones de Douthat, clasificándolas como un malentendido sobre el panteísmo y como un síntoma del temor cristiano conservador de que el ambientalismo sea cripto-paganismo. Ofrezco una interpretación alternativa de Eywa, la inteligencia planetaria de la película, como una criatura, una figura de la diosa cristiana Natura, una descendiente del paganismo literario, y un indicio de una incipiente ecúmene ambiental cristiana.
The Postcolonial Picaro in Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People – Becoming Posthuman through Animal’s Eyes
Authors: Bartosch Roman 
Published: March 2020

One of the effects of ecocritical scholarship can be seen in the questioning of postmodern attempts of a radical constructivism that understands the world as a discursive phenomenon and that opposes any notion of a 'reality' outside those discursive entanglements. In light of environmental crises in particular, to doubt an extradiscursive reality seems inappropriate. However, I will argue in this essay that narratives of catastrophe do follow specific dramatising rhetorics, and I will show how Indra Sinha's Animal's People questions and ultimately deconstructs these. By radically questioning the idea of a stable reality and authentic means to narrate it, postcolonial ecocriticism in general, and Animal's People in particular, engenders a sense of the tension between reality and representational ideology, and it enables a way of experiencing this conflict through the eyes of an ecological posthumanism. Resumen Uno de los efectos de la erudición ecocrítica puede ser visto en el cuestionamiento de los intentos postmodernos de un constructivismo radical que entiende el mundo como un fenómeno discursivo y que contrapone cualquier noción de una "realidad" fuera de dichos entresijos discursivos. Teniendo en cuenta la crisis ambiental en particular, dudar de una realidad extra-discursiva parece inapropiado. Sin embargo, expondré en este ensayo que las narrativas de la catástrofe siguen retóricas específicas y exageradas, asimismo mostraré como Animal's People de Indra Sinha cuestiona y en última instancia deconstruye las mismas. Por medio del cuestionamiento radical de la idea de una realidad estable y de medios verosímiles para narrarla, la ecocrítica poscolonial en general y Animal's People en particular, engendra una sensación de tensión entre la realidad y la ideología representacional y proporciona un medio para experimentar este conflicto a través de los ojos de un posthumanismo ecológico.
Der Mensch im Katastrophenuniversum. Zum Verhältnis von Historie, Naturgeschichte und Poetik im Frühwerk Arno Schmidts
Authors: Zbytovsky Stepan 
Published: March 2020

Among the representations of nature in Arno Schmidt's early texts from the debut novel Leviathan towards his radio features, scenes of diverse loci terribili and destructive forces of nature take a prominent place. In several texts, natural processes and disasters are described as trigger or executor of the apocalypse. Analogous to the duality of the term 'natural catastrophe' - with reference to the extreme natural event itself and to the assessment of its impact on culture and civilization -, Schmidt linked in these literary images scientific data with mythological and other cultural patterns of interpretation. Starting from the concept of nature as Leviathan, Schmidt's view of nature can be traced, where the natural disasters are to be understood not as contingent accidents, but even as the defining moments of nature and natural history. These are by Schmidt closely interwoven not only with culture and human history, but become also a direct expression in his poetological programme. This article focuses on the connections between these three components in the context of German coming to terms the past and the discourse of cultural ecology (especially A. Goodbody, H. Zapf). Resumen Entre las representaciones de la naturaleza en los textos tempranos de Arno Schmidt (desde el cuento Leviathan hasta sus Features radiofónicos) las imágenes de diversos loci terribili y de las fuerzas destructivas ocupan un lugar importante. En algunos textos se describen los procesos de la naturaleza y las catástrofes como desencadenantes o ejecutores del acontecimiento apocalíptico. De forma análoga a la dualidad del concepto "catástrofe natural" - como referencia a los acontecimientos extremos de la naturaleza y a la cualificación "dramatúrgica" de sus impactos sobre la cultura o la civilización - Arno Schmid asoció en estas imágenes literarias datos scientíficos tanto con la mitología como con otros patrones de interpretación cultural . Comenzando con el concepto de naturaleza como Leviathan, podemos trazar la visión de la naturaleza de Schmidt, en la que las catástrofes naturales no deben entenderse como accidentes contingentes, sino como momentos determinantes de la naturaleza y de su historia. Schmidt no sólo entrelaza naturaleza y su historia con la cultura y la historia humana, sino que también se convierten en la expresión directa en su programa poetológico. Este artículose se centra en las conexiones entre estos tres componentes en el contexto de la aceptación alemana de su pasado y del discurso de ecología cultural (sobre todo A. Goodbody, H. Zapf).
Climate Change Futures and the Imagination of the Global in <i>Maeva!</i> by Dirk C. Fleck
Authors: Mehnert Antonia 
Published: March 2020

This article is aimed at making a contribution to the only recently emerging literary criticism of climate change fiction. Facing a global environmental disaster such as climate change requires a departure from an overemphasis on place in ecocriticism. Incorporating ideas from the concept of eco-cosmopolitanism can therefore be helpful for the analysis of literary works dealing with global warming, opening up new planetary perspectives. However, while many climate change novels fall short of engaging with the global, D. Fleck’s Maeva! serves as a counter-example from German science fiction. This article therefore explores the ways in which Fleck’s novel embraces an “eco-cosmopolitan manifesto” as a political vision of dealing with the climatically changed world of tomorrow while showing that this thereby newly created “space” is contested and fragile as interests between the local and the global have to be constantly re-negotiated. Finally, this article also discusses Fleck’s innovative textual approach, which can be read as an attempt at imagineering—creating a manual for critical intervention derived from creative ideas. Resumen Este articulo trata de hacer una contribución a la recientemente surgida crítica literaria de novelas de ficción sobre cambio climático. Hacer frente a un desastre global del medioambiente como el cambio climático requiere alejarse del excesivo énfasis en lo “local” de la ecocrítica. Incorporar ideas del concepto eco-cosmopolitismo podría ser útil en el análisis de obras literarias sobre calentamiento global, desarrollando nuevas perspectivas planetarias. Sin embargo, muchas novelas sobre cambio climático han sido criticadas por no incluir la perspectiva global. Maeva!, del autor alemán de ciencia ficción Dirk Fleck, es uno de los pocos contraejemplos. Por ello, este artículo analiza cómo la novela incluye un “manifiesto eco-cosmopolita” como visión política para proceder en el mundo del mañana, cuyo clima va a cambiar, mientras muestra que ese nuevo “espacio” creado es disputado y frágil a medida que los intereses entre lo local y lo global tienen que ser renegociados continuamente. Finalmente, este artículo también explora el enfoque textual innovativo de Fleck, que pueden leerse como un intento de imagineering – creando un manual para la intervención crítica que se deriva de ideas creativas.