bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, Diabetes and the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer
Authors: Soltani Ghodratollah , Poursheikhani Arash , Yassi Maryam , Hayatbakhsh Abdorasool , Kerachian Matin , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the current case-control study, an association between diagnosis of CRC, obesity and diabetes was investigated.
Methods: Demographic characteristics, colonoscopy reports, history of drug, smoking, and medical history were collected from patients referred to a colonoscopy unit. The location, size and number of the polyps were recorded during the colonoscopy. Statistically, t -test was conducted for mean comparison for the groups. Pearson's chi-squared test (χ2) was applied to categorize variables. Five classification methods based on the important clinicopathological characteristics such as age, BMI, diabetes, family history of colon cancer was performed to predict the results of colonoscopy.
Results: Overall, 693 patients participated in this study. In the present study, 115 and 515 patients were evaluated for adenoma/adenocarcinoma and normal colonoscopy, respectively. The mean age of patients positive for adenoma or adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than the negative groups (p value <0.001). Incidence of overweight and/or obesity (BMI> 25 kg/m2) were significantly higher in adenoma positive patients as compared to controls (49.9% and 0.9% respectively, p value= 0.04). The results also demonstrated a significant association between suffering from diabetes and having colon adenoma (OR=1.831, 95%CI=1.058–3.169, p value=0.023). The experimental results of 5 classification methods on higher risk factors between colon adenoma and normal colonoscopy data were more than 82% and less than 0.42 for the percentage of classification accuracy and root mean squared error, respectively.
Conclusions: In the current study, the occurrence of obesity measured based on BMI and diabetes in the adenoma positive patient group was significantly higher than the control group although there was no notable association between obesity, diabetes and adenocarcinoma.
Long Term Surgical Outcomes for Infective Endocarditis in People Who Inject Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goodman-Meza David , Weiss Robert E , Gamboa Sebastian , Gallegos Abel , Bui Alex AT , Goetz Matthew B , Shoptaw Steve , Landovitz Raphael J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: In recent years, the number of infective endocarditis (IE) cases associated with injection drug use has increased. Clinical guidelines suggest deferring surgery for IE in people who inject drugs (PWID) due to a concern for worse outcomes in comparison to non-injectors (non-PWID). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes in PWID who underwent cardiac surgery and compared these outcomes to non-PWID.
Methods: We systematically searched for studies reported between 1965 and 2018. We used an algorithm to estimate individual patient data (eIPD) from Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and combined it with published individual patient data (IPD) to analyze long-term outcomes after cardiac surgery for IE in PWID . Our primary outcome was survival. Secondary outcomes were reoperation and mortality at 30-days, one-, five-, and 10-years. Random effects Cox regression was used for estimating survival.
Results: We included 27 studies in the systematic review and 19 provided data (KM or IPD) for the meta-analysis. PWID were younger and more likely to have S. aureus than non-PWID. Survival at 30-days, one-, five-, and 10-years was 94.3%, 81.0%, 62.1%, and 56.6% in PWID, respectively; and 96.4%, 85.0%, 70.3%, and 63.4% in non-PWID. PWID had 47% greater hazard of death (HR 1.47, 95% CI, 1.05-2.05) and more than twice the hazard of reoperation (HR 2.37, 95% CI, 1.25-4.50) than non-PWID.
Conclusion: PWID had shorter survival that non-PWID. Implementing evidence-based interventions and testing new modalities are urgently needed to improve outcomes in PWID after cardiac surgery.
Trypanosome Infection Rate in Glossina tachinoides: Infested Rivers of Limmu Kosa District Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia
Authors: meharenet behablom , Alemu Dereje 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Trypanosomosis is a disease of domestic animals and humans resulting from infection with parasitaemic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma transmitted primarily by tsetse flies. The study was conducted to estimate the infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies and involved parasite species.
Result: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January-March 2018, to study the distribution and infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies and involved parasite species. Study methodology involved entomological survey using monoconical traps to study the magnitude of Fly density Flay/Trap/Day (FTD) and tsetse fly dissection to estimate infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies. The study result indicated that there was only one species of Tsetse fly Glossina tachinoides detected with FTD=4.45. Total of n=284 tsetse flies were dissected and n= 5 positive for Trypanosome resulting in 1.76% Infection Rate. Higher trypanosome infections were observed in female tsetse 1.41%, n=4 and 0.35%, n=1 in males. Furthermore, 1.06% of the trypanosome infections carried by Glossina tachinoides were classified as Trypanosome vivax and the remaining 0.70% was Trypanosome congolense.
Keywords: Limmu Kosa District, Trypanosome, Infection Rate, Glossina tachinoides
Reprocessing of RNA-sequencing samples from publicly-available data to yield normalized and comparable expression results.
Authors: Wright William C. , Chen Taosheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Here we obtained RNA-sequencing data from the publicly-available Pan-Cancer analysis project performed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Data within this project were processed the same experimentally, and analyzed downstream by the UCSC Toil recompute project. We reprocessed the resulting gene count files in batch to obtain normalized expression, which is a step critical for proper and comparable interpretation. We describe the linear modeling and normalization protocol, and provide an example of plotting the results using a gene of interest. We perform the entire protocol using freely available packages within the R framework.
Volunteer responsibilities, motivations and challenges in implementation of the community-based health planning and services (CHPS) initiative in Ghana: qualitative evidence from two systems learning districts of the CHPS+ project
Authors: Kweku MMargaret , Manu Emmanuel , Amu Hubert , Aku Fortress Yayra , Adjuik Martin , Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang , Komesuor Joyce , Asalu Geoffery A , Amuna Norbert N , Boateng Laud A , Alornyo Justine S , Glover Roland , Ayagah Bawah , Letsa Timothy , Awoonor-Williams Koku , Phillips James F , Gyapong John Owusu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Community volunteerism is essential in the implementation of Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) concept in Ghana. We explored the motivations, responsibilities and challenges of Community Health Management Committees (CHMC) in two CHPS+ project districts in Ghana.Methods We used a qualitative approach to collect data through 4 focus group discussions among a purposive sample of Community Health Volunteers in December 2018 and analysed them thematically.Results The value, self-enrichment and protective functions were found to be the key motivations for serving on CHMCs. The committees provide support in running the CHPS programme through resource mobilisation, monitoring of logistics, assisting the Community Health Officers (CHO) in the planning of CHPS activities, and resolution of conflicts between the CHOs and community members. Financial challenges, inadequate logistics, lack of support from community members, lack of motivation, poor telecommunication network and lack of frequent skill development training programmes for CHMC members who serve as traditional birth attendants (TBAs) were major challenges in CHMC volunteerism.Conclusion Community health volunteerism needs to be prioritised by the Ghana Health Service and other health sector stakeholders to make it attractive for members to give off their best in the discharge of their responsibilities.
Low tri-iodothyronine syndrome improve the risk prediction of mortality in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liao Shengen , Cheang Iokfai , Lu Xinyi , Gao Gongrong , Zhou Yanli , Zhang Haifeng , Yao Wenming , LI Xinli 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Clinical studies have suggested that low tri-iodothyronine (T3) syndrome negatively affects the clinical outcomes of patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of low T3 syndrome in terms of prognosis and risk predictive potential in AHF.Methods Low T3 syndrome was defined by a low free T3 level (<3.1 pmol/L) accompanied by a normal thyroid-stimulating hormone level. The association between the free T3 level and mortality and the incremental risk prediction were estimated in adjusted models.Results In total, 312 patients with AHF for whom detailed thyroid hormone profiles were available were prospectively enrolled. Seventy-two patients exhibited low T3 syndrome. Over a median follow-up period of 35 months, 121 cumulative deaths occurred. Cardiovascular death was observed in 94 patients. After extensive adjustment for confounders, the low T3 syndrome associated hazard ratio (95% conﬁdence interval) was 1.74 (1.16-2.61, P =0.007) for all-cause mortality and 1.90 (1.21-2.98, P =0.005) for cardiovascular mortality. The regression splines suggested a negative linear relationship between the free T3 level and mortality risk. Considering reclassification, adding low T3 syndrome to the fully adjusted model improved the risk prediction for all-cause mortality (Integrated discrimination improvement [IDI] 2.0%, P = 0.030; net reclassification improvement [NRI] 8.9%, P = 0.232) and cardiovascular mortality (IDI = 2.5%, P = 0.030; NRI 21.3%, P = 0.013).Conclusions Low T3 syndrome reclassified risk prediction for mortality beyond traditional risk factors.
Why under five children are stunted in Pakistan? Multilevel analysis of Punjab Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-2014)
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Abbas Faisal , Kumar Ramesh , Somrongthong Ratana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Pakistan is facing an acute problem of child under-nutrition as about 38 percent of children in Pakistan are stunted. Punjab, the largest province by population and GDP share having stunting prevalence of about 33.5 percent moderately and 13.3 percent severely stunted children of less than five years. Thus, this study aims at examining empirically the determinants of stunting (moderate and severe) at different level of hierarchy. Methodology : Data for this study is coming from Punjab Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS-2014). MICS uses two-stage, stratified cluster sampling approach. MICS is sub national level (Punjab province) data covering urban and rural areas. The data consists of 25,067 children under five, for 9 administrative divisions and 36 districts of Punjab province of Pakistan. Descriptive statistics and multilevel hierarchical models were estimated. Multilevel data analyses has advantage because it provides robust standard error estimates and helps in finding variation in the data at various levels. Results : Punjab has stunting prevalence of about 27 percent moderately and 10 percent severely stunted children of less than five years. The results depict that increasing age of child, increasing birth order, illiterate mothers and fathers, lack of sanitation facilities and being poor are associated significantly with the likelihood of moderate and sever stunting. Surprisingly, there is a gender bias in stunting in Punjab, Pakistan and being girl child is more likely associated with moderate and severe stunting which depicts the patriarchal nature of the society and a strong prevalence of gender bias in household resource allocations. Conclusion : This outcome of our analysis points towards targeting not only households (focus on girls) but also their families and communities. Keywords: Undernutrition; Stunting; Child Health; Pakistan; Punjab; Multilevel Models; Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey.
Adjustment of oral diet based on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in acute stroke patients.A cross-sectional hospital-based registry study.
Authors: Braun Tobias , Juenemann Martin , Viard Maxime , Meyer Marco , Reuter Iris , Prosiegel Mario , Kaps Manfred , Tanislav Christian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Diagnosing dysphagia in acute stroke patients is crucial, as this comorbidity determines morbidity and mortality; we therefore investigated the impact of flexible nasolaryngeal endoscopy (FEES) in acute stroke patients.
Methods
The FEES investigation as performed in acute stroke patients treated at a large university hospital, allocated as a standard procedure for all patients suspected of dysphagia. We correlated our findings with baseline data, disability status, pneumonia, duration of hospitalisation, necessity for mechanical ventilation and treatment on the intensive care unit.
Results
We investigated 152 patients. The median age was 73; 94 were male. Ischemic stroke was diagnosed in 125 patients (82.2%); 27 (17.8%) suffered intracerebral haemorrhage.
Pharyngeal-phase dysphagia was diagnosed in 72.4% of the patients, and was associated with higher stroke severity on admission (median NIHSS 11 [IQR 6-17] vs. 7 [4-12], p=.013; median mRS 5 [IQR 4-5] vs. 4 [IQR 3-5], p=.012). Short-term mortality was higher among patients diagnosed with dysphagia (7.2% vs. 0%, p=.107). FEES examinations revealed that only 30.9% of the patients had an adequate oral diet.
A change of oral diet was associated with a better outcome at discharge (mRS; p=.006), less need of mechanical ventilation (p=.028), shorter period of hospitalisation (p=.044), and lower rates of pneumonia (p=.007) and mortality (p=.011).
Conclusion
Due to the inability of clinical assessments to detect silent aspiration, FEES might be better suited to identify stroke patients at risk and may contribute to a better functional outcome and lower rates of pneumonia and mortality. Our findings also point to a low awareness of dysphagia, even in a specialised stroke centre.
FEES in acute stroke patients helps to adequately adjust the oral diet for the vast majority of stroke patients (69.1%), potentially avoiding severe complications.
Trial registration
The study was not registered
Comparative Genomics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolated from Children with Pneumonia: South Korea, 2010-2016
Authors: Lee Joon Kee , Seong Moon-Woo , Shin Dongjin , Kim Jong-Il , Han Mi Seon , Yeon Youbin , Cho Sung Im , Park Sung Sup , Choi Eun Hwa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections in children and adults. This study applied high-throughput whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies to analyze the genomes of 30 M. pneumoniae strains isolated from children with pneumonia in South Korea during the two epidemics from 2010 to 2016 in comparison with a global collection of 48 M. pneumoniae strains which includes seven countries ranging from 1944 to 2017. Results The 30 Korean strains had approximately 40% GC content and ranged from 815,686 to 818,669 base pairs, coding for a total of 809 to 828 genes. Overall, BRIG revealed 99% to > 99% similarity among strains. The genomic similarity dropped to approximately 95% in the P1 type 2 strains when aligned to the reference M129 genome, which corresponded to the region of the p1 gene. MAUVE detected four subtype-specific insertions (three in P1 type 1 and one in P1 type 2), of which were all hypothetical proteins except for one tRNA insertion in all P1 type 1 strains. The phylogenetic associations of 30 strains were generally consistent with the multilocus sequence typing results. eBURST analysis demonstrated two clonal complexes which are accordant with the known P1 typing, with higher diversity among P1 type 2 strains. The phylogenetic tree constructed with 78 genomes including 48 genomes outside Korea formed three clusters, in which the sequence type 3 strains from Korea were divided into two P1 type 1 clusters. Conclusions The comparative genome analysis of the 78 M. pneumoniae strains including 30 strains from Korea by WGS reveals structural diversity and phylogenetic associations, even though the similarity across the strains was very high.
2-Chlorophenol degradation by catalytic wet air oxidation using copper supported on TiO2-CeO2-ZrO2
Authors: García-Hernández Luis Enrique , Frías-Márquez Dora Ma , Pacheco-Sosa J. Gpe , Cervantes-Uribe A. , Arévalo-Pérez J. Carlos , Pérez-Vidal Hermicenda , Silahua-Pavón Adib Abiu , Lunagómez-Rocha Ma. Antonia , Torres-Torres J. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, we describe the morphological, electronic and catalytic properties of support TiO2-CeO2-ZrO2, prepared by sol–gel method, which was impregnated with copper at 5 and 10% by weight, in order to obtain efficient catalysts in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of 2-cp. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and nitrogen physisorption by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The activity of the materials used in this study revealed that without the presence of Cu, the SCO2 is low and with a content of 10% this metal shows the best catalytic behaviour; conversely, a reaction mechanism is proposed that describes the complete oxidation of 2-cp in this case.
Sewage sludge-derived carbon-doped manganese as efficient cathode catalysts in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Feng Huajun , Jia Yufeng , Shen Dongsheng , Xu Yingfeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Searching for efficient and inexpensive catalysts to replace precious metal-based catalyst in air-cathode microbial fuel cells is crucial for the practical application and commercialization in wastewater treatment and energy generation. Here, through a simple pyrolysis process, sewage sludge could be converted into carbon material with hierarchically porous structure, which demonstrates oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance. Subsequently, co-doping Mn and N species on the carbonized sewage sludge matrix could further improve the ORR catalytic performance, which even demonstrates comparable performance to the commercial expensive Pt/C catalyst in air-cathode microbial fuels cells (MFC). The highest maximum power density of MFC with Mn-N/SC air-cathode is as high as 1,120 mW m−2, which is similar to the power density of the air-cathode MFC equipped commercialized Pt/C catalyst (1,240 mW m−2). Considering the simple operation, significant cost-saving and easy scale-up of the proposed ‘trash-to-treasure’ method, it is promising to convert harmful sewage sludge into efficient non-platinum cathode catalysts in microbial fuel cells.
Facile synthesis of graphene oxide/palygorskite composites for Pb(II) rapid removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Zeng Wen-Juan , Wang Cai-Yun , Wang Yu-Hui , Guo Hong-Mei , Huang Yu , Zhang Xiao-Liang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As a kind of earth-abundant and cheap natural clay mineral, palygorskite (Pal) was facilely modified by grafting with graphene oxide (GO) to fabricate GO/Pal composites for rapid removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The results of characterization confirmed that the GO/Pal composites were successfully grafted between GO sheets and Pal nanorods. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, initial Pb(II) concentration and temperature on the adsorption of Pb(II) onto the GO/Pal composites as adsorbents were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity over 106.6 mg/g was obtained within a short adsorption time of less than 1 h even at 298.15 K. The adsorption of Pb(II) was a fast process that more accurately followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. This process also could be described better with the Langmuir equation model than the Freundlich model. The negative values of ΔG° and the positive values of ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that it was a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy-increasing adsorption process. Compared with pristine Pal and GO powders, such the GO/Pal composites as a cost-efficient and eco-friendly adsorbents could significantly improve the adsorption properties of Pb(II) and would have potential application in the industrial wastewater treatment for rapid removal of Pb(II).
Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Using a Relay Node in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Nigam Gaurav Kumar , Dabas Chetna 
Published: October 2019

Background & Objective:
The demand of Wireless sensor networks have elevated
exceedingly by virtue of broad capability of the sensor networks to relate the physical
environment. Sensor devices depend on battery capability and are deployed in adverse
environments and it becomes extremely difficult to replace. Thus, elaborating the energy of sensor
nodes becomes vital.

Methods:
G-LEACH is proposed by introducing competent cluster head replacement strategy and
adding a relay node to increase the network stability and node lifetime.

Results & Conclusion:
Simulation is performed in NS-2. The proposed G-LEACH is examined
with existing LEACH and MODLEACH protocols and the simulation results depicts that GLEACH
outperforms the conventional LEACH and MODLEACH and thereby enhancing the
lifetime by rotating the CHs and minimizing the energy dissipation.