bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple switching pattern for a modified reduce switch multilevel inverter: A comparison analysis
Authors: Arshad M H , Khodijah S , Ashbahani Mohamad Kajaan Nor , Mohd Nayan Norkharziana , Mat Isa Zainuddin , Ismail Baharuddin , Izati Abdullah Nor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A primary concern of multilevel inverter is its capability to produce desired alternating voltage close to sinusoidal at the output, using multiple sources of DC voltage input. Mostly a multilevel inverter is used to generate the AC voltage from DC voltage. The aim of this paper is to investigate the output of 9 level multilevel inverter by modifying the conventional 5 levels H-bridge cascade multilevel inverter. The proposed design intending to reduce the number of switches from 16 switches to 10 switches. Implementation of different switching pattern methods; equal phase (EP), half equal phase (HEP), half height (HH) and feed forward (FF) and the related expression are presented in this paper. In the result section shows a different percentage of total harmonic distortion achieved. Out of all 4 methods, HH method suppressed distortion wave the most and resulted in the lowest THD in the proposed inverter. This paper shows that by reducing the number of switches in multilevel inverter structure maintains the same quality output as the conventional H-bridge topology. Furthermore, the manipulation of the switches firing angle contribute in decreasing the system THD.
Design of 30 kW three-phase string inverter using simulink
Authors: Fauzi F , Yasin N , Leong J H , Ismail B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the design and simulation of a 30 kW DC to AC inverter. The inverter is designed based on the Zeverlution Pro 33K three-phase DC to AC inverter. Currently, there are 6 units of the inverters installed at 180 kW solar power plant located at Mukim Utan Aji, Perlis. So, in this paper, the results from the computer simulation will be compared to the site measurement conducted from this power plant. In this design, pulse with modulation (PWM) is used as the switching technique. Even though PWM offers the ease of LC filter design and low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), the voltage amplitude of the sine wave output fails to achieve the required national grid parameters, i.e. 240 Vrms. To overcome this problem, a three-phase transformer has to be incorporated in the design to obtain the desired outputs. Results from computer simulation using SIMULINK show that the targeted AC parameters for all phases were achieved after comparing with the site measurement.
Efficiency of Mining Algorithms in Academic Indicators
Authors: Viloria Amelec , Hernández Palma Hugo , Niebles Núñez William , Gaitán Mercedes , Pineda Lezama Bonerge 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Data Mining is the process of analyzing data using automated methodologies to find hidden patterns [1]. Data mining processes aim at the use of the dataset generated by a process or business in order to obtain information that supports decision making at executive levels [2] [3] through the automation of the process of finding predictable information in large databases and answer to questions that traditionally required intense manual analysis [4]. Due to its definition, data mining is applicable to educational processes, and an example of that is the emergence of a research branch named Educational Data Mining, in which patterns and prediction search techniques are used to find information that contributes to improving educational quality [5]. This paper presents a performance study of data mining algorithms: Decision Tree and Logistic Regression, applied to data generated by the academic function at a higher education institution.
Temporary Variables for Predicting Electricity Consumption Through Data Mining
Authors: Silva Jesús , Senior Naveda Alexa , Hernández Palma Hugo , Niebles Núñez William , Niebles Núñez Leonardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the new global and local scenario, the advent of intelligent distribution networks or Smart Grids allows real-time collection of data on the operating status of the electricity grid. Based on this availability of data, it is feasible and convenient to predict consumption in the short term, from a few hours to a week. The hypothesis of the study is that the method used to present time variables to a prediction system of electricity consumption affects the results.
A study on copper and galvanized grounding performance using palm oil fuel ash as new additive material
Authors: Faudzi A H M , Wooi C L , Ahmad N A , Arshad S N M , Afrouzi H N , Rohani M N K 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper aimed to study the improvement of grounding performance by reducing the grounding electrode resistance using palm oil fuel ash as the backfill. This is achieved by mixing the soil with a specific portion of palm oil fuel ash and obtains the grounding electrode resistance value by using Three Pin Method. In order to obtain the grounding electrode resistance, the mixture of palm oil fuel ash and soil were compacted and installed with electrodes. Two types of electrodes were connected to measuring device which is Kyoritsu Digital Earth Tester Model 4105A and grounding electrode resistance values were displayed. The two types of electrodes used in this study were copper and galvanized steel electrodes. It was found that by adding palm oil fuel ash to the soil, the grounding performance can be improved to at least 90% and above for both copper and galvanized steel electrodes. The palm oil fuel ash is very effective in improving the grounding performance at low cost and environmentally friendly.
New donor-acceptor material for organic solar cells with different transfer mechanism
Authors: Ahmad S , Misrun M I , Isa M , Affendi N A M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results from a new donor-acceptor material using easily available and renewable organic material. The new material was developed and tested using an idea of a new electron transfer mechanism using combined chlorophyll and ferrocene as the bulk-hetero junction active layer. This research aims to produce a binding between the chlorophyll molecule and the protein substitute using ferrocene so that the theory of electron transfer can be tested. The main objective of the research is to produce electricity from the new donor-acceptor material. It is observed that open-circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), fill factor (FF) and the efficiency (η) of the device were 0.1665V, 0.005A, 0.645 and 0.13%, respectively.
TiO2/B2O3 thick film gas sensor for monitoring carbon monoxide at different operating temperatures
Authors: Amaniah Mohd Chachuli Siti , Nizar Hamidon Mohd , Ertugrul Mehmet , Mamat Md. Shuhazlly , Jaafar H , Shamsudin N H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
TiO2/B2O3 gas sensor was fabricated on alumina substrate using screen-printing technology with thickness of sensing film in between of 3 – 5 µm. The sensing film of gas sensor was prepared by mixing the TiO2/B2O3 with organic binder. The morphology and structural element of sensing film was characterized using FESEM and x-ray diffraction. The gas sensor was exposed to 100 – 1000 ppm of carbon monoxide at different operating temperatures such as 100°C, 150°C, 200°C and 250°C. The result showed that the gas sensor behaved as n-type gas sensor and exhibited good response to various concentration of carbon monoxide at different operating temperatures. It also was found that highest sensitivity was achieved at 250°C, while optimal operating temperature was occurred at 150°Cfor TiO2/B2O3 gas sensor to the carbon monoxide.
Extraction system for the industrial use of essential oil of the subtle lemon (citrus aurantifolia)
Authors: León César , Jordán Edisson P. , Salazar Karina , Castellanos Esteban X. , Salazar Franklin W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of essential oils as raw material in formulation of by-products allows the revitalization of industries and regional economic growth. This is the reason why in this work it is described the process to design an extraction system of essential oil from subtle lemon. Main parameters required for the extraction have been considered as well as, the calculation of the obtained yield. Within the system design, distillation tank measurements, condenser, essential oils separator, mechanical part of the equipment, boiler selection and the distribution of the plant are dimensioned. The procedure manuals and equipment operating manuals were prepared for each step of the process of using this oil.
Numerical prediction on resistance reduction of multi-purpose amphibious vehicle (MAV) due to air-cushion effect in a regular wave
Authors: Ain Abd Rahman Nur , Abd. Malik Adi Maimun , Nakisa Mehdi , Abd Rahman Norhanifah , Manap Norhashidah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the resistance acting on Multi-Purpose Amphibious Vehicle (MAV) hull navigated in regular waves condition was investigated numerically. A simplified MAV model was established for computing the resistance of air cushion effect on regular head waves. Simulations were carried out in finite element analysis ANSYS CFX 15.0 in 0.5m wave height conditions. The resistances of the MAV model with and without the air cushion effect were compared in a graph of total resistance versus MAV speed. According to the results, the maximum resistance reductions occur at forwarding speed 6kn with 0.2 l/s airflow rate injection for wave height 0.5m at 10.89%.
Simulation study on photovoltaic panel temperature under different solar radiation using computational fluid dynamic method
Authors: Leow W Z , Irwan Y M , Safwati I , Irwanto M , Amelia A R , Syafiqah Z , Fahmi M I , Rosle N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The electrical production is the primary performance of any solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The PV panel operating temperature is inversely proportional to the electrical production of the PV panel. The operating temperature of PV panel is influenced by solar radiation absorbed and the ambient temperature. In the present work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to investigate a three-dimensional (3-D) model of a PV panel. It is also essential to estimate the thermal behaviour of the PV panel under various environmental conditions. The primary purpose of this current work is to analyse temperature distribution from the PV panel under given operating conditions. The model geometry is built by using CATIA design software. ANSYS software was simulated the different intensity of solar radiation that applied to the PV panel in order to observe the temperature distribution on each layers of the PV panel. The ambient temperature of the simulation is fixed 35 °C according to the maximum ambient temperature captured in Malaysia. The simulation results show that an increase in solar radiation intensity along with the PV panel operating temperature increase.
Battery monitoring for stand-alone photovoltaic system
Authors: Syafiqah Syahirah Mohamed Nor , FaezahBintiAbdGhani Noor , Farhana Abd Hamid Nurul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This project deals with the design of a system to monitor the performance of Photovoltaic (PV) battery for Stand-alone system. This monitoring system is developed by using a Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) a microcontroller as a control unit. The data measurement will be sent to a personal computer (PC) by Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) device and save in database file that can be visualized in table by Microsoft Excel software. The battery monitoring will measure and displayed on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) the several parameters of the PV system such as voltage, current, solar irradiance, ambient and cell temperature of the Stand-alone PV system. The State of Charge (SOC), Depth of Discharge (DOD) and ampere-hour (AH) of the battery have been analysed to prove the battery performance of the Stand-alone PV system.
Design of multiple Pulse Width Modulation (MPWM) Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter (TPVI) system
Authors: Alam H , Irwanto M , Mashor Y M , Masri M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A normal inverter always uses a transformer. By presenting a transformer in the inverter causes its size, losses and efficiency to be relative big, high and low, respectively. An alternative to remove the transformer is very important to solve the problems, but it is still has good performance, especially in the required power quality. This paper presents a design of multiple pulse width modulation (MPWM) transformer less photovoltaic inverter (TPVI) system. It consists of a full bridge inverter circuit, a photovoltaic (PV) voltage storage circuit, a pulse driver circuit, and a circuit of LC filter. An experimental setup is conducted to observe the performance of MPWM TPVI system. The result shows that its performance depend on the solar irradiance and temperature because it operates directly on the sunny day.
Life-cycle assessment of 5MW grid-connected photovoltaic system in east coast of Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman S I , Iskandar A N , Nordin A H M , Hamidun F H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The technical and economic feasibility of photovoltaic (PV) power plants throughout their lifetime must be evaluated prior to their development and operation such that the sustainability of the project can be justified. This paper presents the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of energy and the LCA of economics for a 5 MW grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) power plant located in the East Coast of Malaysia. Firstly, an LCA of energy was conducted to evaluate the expected energy yield, energy payback period and energy return of investment throughout the project lifetime. Later, an LCA of economics was performed to determine several economic performance indicators such as the net present value, internal rate of return, payback period and return of investment.
Improving the performance of solar panels by the used of dual axis solar tracking system with mirror reflection
Authors: Alif Ismail Mohd , Ramanathan Kreshnaveyashadev A/L , Hafizi Idris Muhd , Ananda-Rao Kumuthawathe , Mazlan Mazwin , Fairuz Nur 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This work proposes the dual axis solar tracker with mirror reflection for optimum output of solar panel by using arduino unoR3 as the control unit. The objectives of this work are to track and optimize the maximum output power of the solar panel by designing and developing a dual axis solar tracker with mirror reflection. The system includes a 10 watt solar panel, an arduino unoR3 and a customized mechanical body to carry the solar panel. This system will track and detect the angle of the sun to locate the surface of solar panel at the position and the angle where it can get maximum amount of energy. The sensors will detect the position of the sun and servo motors act as free moving neck to make it easier to move freely depending on the angle detected. The Light Depending Resistor (LDR) will be used in tracking system. These LDR will detect the existence of sunlight and therefore the mechanical hardware will move horizontal and vertical axis depending on the value of LDR detected to follow the angular degree of sun in order to get maximum and best result of absorbing energy. The final result obtained from dual axis solar tracker showed that the output power has been maximized compared to stationary panel. Based on the experimental result, it show that the designed system successful improve the performance of the solar panel.
Improved hill climbing algorithm with fast scanning technique under dynamic irradiance conditions in photovoltaic system
Authors: Jawad Khadhim Alrubaie Ali , Faridun Naim Tajuddin Mohammad , Eddine Khalil Zidane Tekai , Azmi Azralmukmin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is an easy and effective method used for tracking maximum power point. However, this technique suffers from deviation when irradiation changes suddenly. Moreover, the impact of this deviation is high when the insolation variation is rapid. This error is due to the incorrect decision taken by the conventional P&O method throughout the first step-change in the duty cycle during the increase in irradiation. The proposed P&O is a modified conventional P&O that focuses on using additional dI parameter with variable step size ΔDn. In this manner, the conventional P&O algorithm is allowed to identify the source of deviation caused by rapid irradiance changes. The efficiency of the proposed P&O is assessed using simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. Results show that the proposed P&O effectively tracks maximum power and prevents deviations in rapidly changing climate conditions within a short time, which is lesser than the conventional P&O method. In addition, the proposed P&O has a rapid dynamic response. A DC–DC boost converter is utilized in this work to validate the proposed P&O algorithm.
Advance synthetic aperture radar images for characterization of oil spills disaster in ocean using Daubechies analysis
Authors: Jagdish Mukta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Researchers have developed various algorithms to identify the occurrence of an oil spill in these oceans. However, knowing the type of oil that is spilled in the ocean is important to assess and plan the restoration process. To predict the type of oil that is spilled in the ocean by using machine learning techniques. Fifty satellite images of three types of an oil spill, namely petroleum, crude oil, and diesel were examined to identify the type of oil spill over the affected area. The oil spills were initially identified from the images using K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Color-based, Statistical, Textural and Geographical features are extracted after applying various types of wavelets to obtain the features relevant to the physical parameters and type of oil in the ocean. The features were then trained and classified using K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm to identifying the type of oil.

Methods: For wavelet analysis (Daubechies analysis db1, db2, db3, db4, db5, db6, db7, db8, db9, db10) and machine learning (k-nearest neighbor algorithm) applied to optimize the oil spill feature sets. Features included color-based, statistical, texture and geological features. This experiment was conducted on SAR images. The features were classified using a k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Seventy percent of features used for training and thirty percent for testing.

Results: The results show that oil spill classification achieved by wavelet transforms and machine learning algorithms outperformed very well with similar parameter settings, especially with 70% training data and 30% testing data using confusion matrix. It also represents 99% accuracy for petrol oil using Daubechies 5 analysis which indicates better characterization of oil spills. Results denote oil spill detection using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing which provides an excellent tool in oil spill characterization various features can be extracted from SAR data set.
In-building commercial mobile telecommunication system design for mass rapid transit station
Authors: Khor B , Pang W L , Wong S K , Chan K Y , Lee I E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The mobile telecommunication system provides voice, data and video communications between stations, Operation Control Centers, depots and all necessary areas and facilities. The Preliminary Design is an overall system design that elaborates on the proposed system configuration with an emphasis on how the interface requirements are to be achieved. The contractor verified the preliminary design for the coverage of the wireless access network with respect to the General Specification (GS) and Particular Specification (PS) of the mobile telecommunication system. The mobile service provider (Telco) should ensure that the mobile network coverage in Mass Rapid Transit tunnels and underground stations provide 95% coverage for all the defined areas. The Telco should ensure seamless handover success rate > 98% and proposed the required overlap distance in between the antennas. Based on the design assumption made on the link budget, the indoor system design to be aligned within 15m radius coverage, which will contribute to distance in between antennas in between antennas will be at 30m horizontal distance. This placement can be varied within 10-15% and subject to line of sight, physical obstruction or fixing constraint at side.
Natural Language Explanation Model for Decision Trees
Authors: Silva Jesús , Hernández Palma Hugo , Niebles Núñez William , Ruiz-Lazaro Alex , Varela Noel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study describes a model of explanations in natural language for classification decision trees. The explanations include global aspects of the classifier and local aspects of the classification of a particular instance. The proposal is implemented in the ExpliClas open source Web service [1], which in its current version operates on trees built with Weka and data sets with numerical attributes. The feasibility of the proposal is illustrated with two example cases, where the detailed explanation of the respective classification trees is shown.
Neural Networks for Tea Leaf Classification
Authors: Silva Jesús , Hernández Palma Hugo , Niebles Núñez William , Ruiz-Lazaro Alex , Varela Noel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The process of classification of the raw material, is one of the most important procedures in any tea dryer, being responsible for ensuring a good quality of the final product. Currently, this process in most tea processing companies is usually handled by an expert, who performs the work manually and at his own discretion, which has a number of associated drawbacks. In this work, a solution is proposed that includes the planting, design, development and testing of a prototype that is able to correctly classify photographs corresponding to samples of raw material arrived at a dryer, using intelligence techniques (IA) type supervised for Classification by Artificial Neural Networks and not supervised with K-means Grouping for class preparation. The prototype performed well and is a reliable tool for classifying the raw material slammed into tea dryers.
Neural Networks for the Web Services Classification
Authors: Silva Jesús , Senior Naveda Alexa , Solórzano Movilla José , Niebles Núñez William , Hernández Palma Hugo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article introduces a n-gram-based approach to automatic classification of Web services using a multilayer perceptron-type artificial neural network. Web services contain information that is useful for achieving a classification based on its functionality. The approach relies on word n-grams extracted from the web service description to determine its membership in a category. The experimentation carried out shows promising results, achieving a classification with a measure F=0.995 using unigrams (2-grams) of words (characteristics composed of a lexical unit) and a TF-IDF weight.