bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bank loan loss provisioning during election years: cross-country evidence
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine bank loan loss provisioning behavior during election years – focusing on the effect of elections on banking sector loan loss provisioning.

Design/methodology/approach
Regression analysis was used to analyze the behavior of bank loan loss provisioning in developed countries during election years.

Findings
The findings reveal that the banking sectors in developed countries have higher loan loss provisions (LLPs) in election years. Also, income smoothing is present in election years which supports the income smoothing hypothesis. Also, banking sectors with high capital levels have higher LLPs. Although, there were no significant differences in bank loan loss provisioning during election years across the four bloc, the EU banking sectors and the banking sectors of BIS member countries generally have higher LLPs while the non-EU banking sectors and the banking sectors of the G7 member countries generally have fewer LLPs.

Originality/value
The literature has not explored the effect of political factors such as “election-year risk” on the managers’ discretion in banks. This is the first study that explores the effect of political change on managerial discretion in banks.
Factors influencing Vietnam’s handicraft export with the gravity model
Authors: Anh Thu Luong , Fang Sun , Kessani Sham Sunder 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect handicraft export from Vietnam to trading partners in the period 2007–2017, and how those factors influence the export of handicraft products of Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach
The research uses the approach of gravity model based on panel data to evaluate the export of Vietnamese handicraft to 50 main trading partners, covering the period from 2007 to 2017.

Findings
The estimated results reveal that Vietnam’s GDP, importer’s GDP, trading partner’s population, Vietnam’s inflation, the economic distance between Vietnam and importer, the openness of Vietnam, importing country’s common language and the issue that both Vietnam and importer are member of APEC are the main factors affecting Vietnamese handicraft export.

Research limitations/implications
This study also has some limitations. It is limited in the data, as some other areas in the world have not been observed and included in the research. In the future, a study with large-scale data of space and time should be conducted, which will certainly give a universal result and fewer errors. However, this paper, in our opinion, provides a significant result and may help the government and policy makers to undertake appropriate measures to improve and promote the export of Vietnamese handicrafts to the world markets.

Practical implications
The research describes the current situation, and it studies factors influencing Vietnam’s handicraft export using the qualitative analysis. The result should be useful for the policy maker and enterprises to promote export activities of Vietnamese handicrafts to international markets.

Social implications
Handicraft export of Vietnam plays an important part in retaining the culture value and social development as well as encouraging sustainable development for the rural poor within the country.

Originality/value
The past research related to Vietnamese handicraft export almost analyzed the situation to promote export handicrafts. This research is based on the study of factors affecting trade and the gravity model to elaborate and supplement the factors that affect the export of handicraft in accordance with the actual conditions of Vietnam.
Who is a terrorist? Exploring the utility of interdisciplinary fields
Authors: Zahra Heba Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the dilemma of terrorism as a political phenomenon that many political scientists care about; however, they find themselves incapable of explaining some of its aspects and they resort to other disciplines. The second part of the dilemma is related to the incapability of well-established disciplines to provide political scientists with much help. This raises the following question: Will political scientists be able to enhance their knowledge of terrorism with the help of scholars from consolidated and well-established disciplines or with the help of scholars from interdisciplinary fields?

Design/methodology/approach
This research depends on the main theories of psychology and of social psychology and adopts a comparative approach to assess the effectiveness of both disciplines in providing political scientists with the knowledge they lack.

Findings
In spite of being a well-established and consolidated discipline, psychology is not the perfect discipline that can help political scientists know who a terrorist is. Social psychological theories of aggression provide political scientists with greater ability to understand what psychological and sociological factors motivate a person to turn to aggression and terrorism. Moreover, social psychology developed the “terror management theory” which clarifies various aspects of the phenomenon.

Originality/value
This research paper calls the attention of scholars of terrorism to the importance of adopting an interdisciplinary approach to understand the various aspects of a complex phenomenon such as terrorism. The interdisciplinary field adopted will differ according to the research question that a researcher needs to answer.
Understanding social enterprise in The Netherlands
Authors: Backer Joost Willem 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a qualitative country case study of The Netherlands, adopting the macro-institutional social enterprise (MISE) framework as developed by Kerlin (2009, 2013, 2017). The research question is twofold: How does the institutional context shape the social enterprise country model in The Netherlands, and To what extent can the MISE framework be a useful tool in explaining this dynamic between the institutional context and social enterprise country model?

Design/methodology/approach
This research applies the MISE framework developed by Kerlin (2017), which is founded upon the historical institutionalist approach.

Findings
The analysis of the institutional context in The Netherlands shows that the country context shares most traits with the autonomous diverse model. Its institutional environment should however be more enabling for the development of social enterprises. This discrepancy is explained through the notion of political will, resulting in the suggestion that the historical institutionalist approach of the MISE framework could be expanded by a greater focus on political will.

Research limitations/implications
To investigate the Dutch social enterprise country model, this paper principally relies on external sources, including surveys (McKinsey, 2016; PwC, 2016; Social Enterprise NL, 2015; 2016; 2018). This is problematic due to its subjective nature, small population size used and potential conceptual misfit with the definitions used in this research.

Practical implications
For academia, this paper enhances the understanding of the relations between the institutional environment and social enterprise by adding a case study of The Netherlands to the body of research around the MISE framework. Furthermore, the paper suggests to enhance the historical institutionalist approach of the MISE framework with a greater focus on political will. For advocates of social enterprises in The Netherlands, including policymakers, this paper may add to their understanding of the current developments around social enterprise in The Netherlands and possibly enhance their effectiveness of advocating for policies that are conducive to the development of social enterprises.

Originality/value
This research is the first in applying a universally applicable theoretical framework to the context of The Netherlands. For scholars of social enterprise in The Netherlands, it provides a comprehensive overview of developments of social enterprise in the country over recent years, as well as a thorough analysis of the current state of affairs. For international scholars of social enterprise, this research provides a case of comparison with other countries, taking into account all main institutions that shape a country and social enterprise in that country. For scholars of the MISE framework, this research offers an additional country case study that further helps improve the framework.
Doxorubicin‐induces NFAT/Fas/FasL cardiac apoptosis in rats through activation of calcineurin and P38 MAPK and inhibition of mTOR signalling pathways
Authors: Shati Ali A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the role of NFAT/Fas/FasL axis in cardiomyocyte apoptosis following doxorubicin (DOX) treatment in rats and evaluated the involvement and regulation of all NFAT members in cardiac apoptosis. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided equally into control or DOX‐treated groups (15 mg/kg over 2 weeks). Cardiomyocytes were cultured and pre‐incubated with various inhibitors and activators (10 μmol/L) prior to DOX exposure (1 μmol/L). In the left ventricles and cultured cells, DOX increased cytoplasmic protein levels of cytochrome C, Bax and increased the activities of caspase‐8, caspase3, ERK1/2, JNK, and P38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), reducing levels of Bcl‐2 and the activity of mTOR, and inducing cell death. In addition, DOX enhanced mRNA and protein levels of Fas and FasL. Furthermore, the nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of NFAT1 and nuclear accumulation of NFAT2‐4were increased with DOX treatment. The inhibition of calcineurin with FK506 significantly inhibited the nuclear levels of NFAT2 and NFAT4 and the inhibition of P38 MAPK with SB203580 inhibited the nuclear and cytoplasmic accumulation of NFAT1. However, the activation of mTOR by IGF‐1 significantly lowered NFAT3. In conclusion, NFAT/Fas/FasL‐induced cell death in cardiac myocytes of DOX‐treated rats is regulated, at least, by the activation of calcineurin and P38 MAPK and inhibition of mTOR.
Plant susceptibility genes as a source for potyvirus resistance
Authors: Mäkinen Kristiina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVirus infection depends on the resources provided by the host plant. A number of host proteins that enable potyvirus infection have been identified. The genes encoding them are called susceptibility genes (S‐genes). Loss‐of‐susceptibility type of resistance is based on S‐gene modifications leading to incompatible host–virus interactions. An increasing number of examples show that this is a viable method for resistance breeding. While the recent advancements in genome editing and sequencing have remarkably reduced the technical limitations, we still need to tackle many biological challenges to be able to utilise S‐genes for durable and broad range potyvirus resistance to their full extent. Many lessons on functional redundancy between gene family members and durability of the resistance have been learned by studying the naturally occurring recessive resistance based on the interplay between eukaryotic initiation factors eIF4E and eIFiso4E and viral protein genome‐linked (VPg). Nevertheless, the outcomes of the S‐gene modifications on resistance or any other characteristic of the host plant cannot be predicted. In addition to the genetic background of the host, also the properties of the viral factors affect the efficiency of the resistance and the emergence of resistance‐breaking mutations. Many potyviral protein–protein interactions occur in multiprotein complexes. This suggests that the susceptibility factors may interact with viral proteins as a part of multifaceted protein–protein interaction networks. Rather than reviewing exhaustively the S‐genes involved in potyvirus infection, my intention here is to discuss in the light of selected examples, the prospects and challenges of the use of potyviral S‐genes in resistance breeding.
Oral health needs of older migrants with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in developed countries: A systematic review
Authors: Hoang Ha , Feike Suzanne , Linden Tanya , Barnett Tony , Crocombe Len 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and synthesise the available evidence regarding the oral health needs of and the oral health promotion provided for older, cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrants in developed countries.MethodDatabases were searched using search terms to identify all relevant English‐language research studies published between 2000 and January 2018.ResultsThirty‐nine articles met the review criteria. Thirty‐three papers reported on the oral health needs of CALD older migrants and 6 on oral health programs provided for older migrants.ConclusionsCultural and linguistically diverse older migrants have high oral health needs and poor oral status and face a variety of barriers in accessing oral health care in their host countries. Recommendations to improve their access to oral health programs include building transcultural dental training into the educational requirements of dental students and developing oral health promotion programs that include culturally and linguistically customised information.
Therapeutic potential of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands derived from natural products in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hui Wenyu , Dai Yue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune‐mediated inflammatory disease, which is characterized by chronic synovitis, progressive bone destruction and reduced mobility. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand‐dependent transcription factor, has been shown to regulate the differentiation, activation and apoptosis of various cells involved in rheumatoid arthritis. The ligands of AhR such as tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin, benzo[a]pyrene and 3,3′‐diindolylmetheane are able to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and attenuate arthritis in mice. However, the long‐term use of these compounds is associated with severe side effects, which limit their use as therapeutic agents in animals or humans. There is an urgent need to search for new AhR ligands that are effective and safe. This MiniReview discusses the potential therapeutic value of the AhR ligands derived from natural products.
Motor problems in children with severe emotional and behavioural difficulties
Authors: Taylor Bronagh , Hanna Donncha , McPhillips Martin 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that children with motor difficulties are at risk of psychosocial problems and vice versa. However, it is not clear how far different aspects of motor function are predictive of psychosocial well‐being in the context of other powerful factors, such as family upset, that are known to affect psychosocial development.AimsTo investigate the role of basic motor skills and primary reflex persistence in young children with severe emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD).SampleFrom a total sample of 225 children, three groups were selected: children excluded from school (severe EBD) (n = 29), a male comparison group (n = 38), and a female comparison group (n = 45). The groups were matched (at group level) on age, IQ, and level of social disadvantage.MethodAll of the selected children completed a range of standardized motor, cognitive, social, and behavioural measures, as well as a clinical protocol for primary reflex persistence.ResultsChildren with severe EBD had significant levels of motor difficulties, primary reflex persistence, and family upset, as well as significant literacy problems, attention deficits, and raised levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity relative to the comparison groups. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that basic motor skills, primary reflex persistence, family upset, hyperactivity, and literacy were all significant predictors of psychosocial functioning.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that motor difficulties and primary reflex persistence may act as independent stressors of psychosocial functioning in children with EBD. We suggest that specific movement interventions should be adopted to complement existing provision for children at risk of psychosocial problems.
Biomordanting willow bark dye on cellulosic materials
Authors: Lohtander Tia , Arola Suvi , Laaksonen Päivi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA semi‐quantitative study of willow bark dye adsorption on two different cellulose materials using biomordants was carried out. The studied celluloses were microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) AaltoCell and regenerated Ioncell‐F (IC) fibres. The dye was a hot water extract of willow bark and the adsorption to cellulose was carried out using carboxylic acid‐containing biomordants, namely, oxalic acid, citric acid and tannic acid. Alum was employed as the reference mordant. A semi‐quantitative estimation of the dye uptake was conducted using high‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector and also by visual inspection, as well as an evaluation of the coloration using CIELab parameters. The mechanism of the dye adsorption on the cellulose surfaces was studied via Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy. According to the results, MCC had a higher affinity for polyphenolic dye than the regenerated cellulose fibres. Dye uptake on MCC was 50%‐80% and 44%‐57% on IC. For MCC, the biomordants improved the dye uptake more effectively than the control mordant, alum, whereas for IC the biomordants were less effective than alum.
Clinical features and endemic trend of histoplasmosis in China: A retrospective analysis and literature review
Authors: Lv Xin , Jiang Mao , He Rongling , Li Mengyu , Meng Jie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionHistoplasmosis is a rare mycosis with nonspecific clinical manifestation and a high misdiagnosis rate, which is an epidemic disease that occurred in several endemic areas. Cases of histoplasmosis were sporadic in China.ObjectiveWe detected the clinical characteristics and endemic trend of histoplasmosis to understand it more profoundly.MethodThe clinical data of 34 cases of histoplasmosis hospitalized in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from 2003 to 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The relevant literature were reviewed roundly which were about histoplasmosis from 2001 to 2019 reported in the Chinese mainland.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included in the study, male predominance. About 44.1% were combined with underlying disease and HIV infection was observed in eight patients. Common clinical manifestations were fever (94.1%), followed by lymphadenopathy (70.6%) and anemia (67.6%). Organ involvement included lungs (52.9%), oral cavity (5.9%) and intestine (5.9%). Patients were diagnosed by bone marrow smears (44.1%), lymph node biopsy (41.1%), lung tissue biopsy (8.8%) and intestinal tissue biopsy (5.9%). About 70.6% received amphotericin B, while 38.2% received itraconazole therapy and 79.4% were improved. About 611 cases of histoplasmosis in the Chinese mainland were obtained in the study from the related literature, with 217 (37.0%) cases occurred in Yunnan province, 69 (11.9%) cases in Hunan province and 67 (11.6%) cases in Hubei province. All of them were high incidence area of histoplasmosis.ConclusionHistoplasmosis is a rare mycosis with high diagnosis rate and has a prominent geographical distribution in China, which should be considered highly in clinical work.
Identification of a subgroup of black South Africans with type 1 diabetes who are older at diagnosis but have lower levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase and islet antigen 2 autoantibodies
Authors: Padoa C. J. , Rheeder P. , Pirie F. J. , Motala A. A. , van Dyk J. C. , Crowther N. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo compare the age at diagnosis and prevalence of islet autoantibody [glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) 65 and islet antigen 2] positivity in black and white participants with type 1 diabetes in South Africa, and to analyse the relationship between age at diagnosis and the presence of autoantibodies.MethodsParticipants were recruited from diabetes outpatient departments and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) and islet antigen 2 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWe recruited 472 (353 black and 119 white) participants with type 1 diabetes. Age at diagnosis of diabetes was later in black (19.7 ± 10.5) than in white participants (12.7 ± 10.8 years; P < 0.001) with a median (interquartile range) disease duration of 5.0 (2.0–10.0) and 8.5 (4.0–20.0) years (P < 0.001), respectively. An older age at diagnosis (≥ 21 years) was more frequent in black (152 of 340, 45%) than in white participants (24 of 116, 21%; P < 0.001). The prevalence of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies was 19% (66/352) in black and 41% in white participants (48/118; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) autoantibody positivity between black (212/353, 60%) and white participants (77/117, 66%; P = 0.269). In black, but not white, participants the prevalence of both glutamic acid decarboxylase (65 kDa) and islet antigen 2 autoantibody positivity was significantly lower in participants diagnosed at age ≥ 21 years (P < 0.001 for both comparisons).ConclusionsThe older age at diagnosis, lower prevalence of islet antigen 2 autoantibodies and a distinct subgroup of participants with type 1 diabetes with age at diagnosis of > 20 years in the black compared to white population suggest a difference in the immunological aetiology of type 1 diabetes in these two population groups.
Are nematodes costly to fig tree–fig wasp mutualists?
Authors: Shi Rong‐Rong , Miao Bai‐Ge , Segar Simon T. , Zeng Yongsan , Wang Bo , Peng Yan‐Qiong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost mutualisms are exploited by parasites, which must strike an evolutionary balance between virulence and long‐term persistence. Fig‐associated nematodes, living inside figs and dispersed by fig wasps, are thought to be exploiters of the fig–fig wasp mutualism. The life history of nematodes is synchronized with the fig development and adapted to particular developmental characteristics of figs. We expect host breeding systems (monoecious vs. gynodioecious figs) and seasonality to be central to this adaptation. However, the details of the adaptation are largely unknown. Here, we conducted the first field surveys on the prevalence of nematodes from monoecious Ficus microcarpa L.f. (Moraceae), gynodioecious Ficus hispida L.f., and their pollinating fig wasps in two seasons and two developmental stages of figs in Xishuangbanna, China. We followed this up by quantifying the effects of nematodes on fitness‐related traits on fig wasps (e.g., egg loads, pollen grains, and longevity) and fig trees (seed production) in gynodioecious F. hispida. The magnitude of nematode infection was compared between pre‐ and post‐dispersal pollinators to quantify the probability of nematodes being transported to new hosts. Our results showed that Ficophagus microcarpus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) was the only nematode in F. microcarpa. In F. hispida, Martininema guangzhouensis (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) was the dominant nematode species, whereas Ficophagus centerae was rare. For both species of Ficus, rainy season and inter‐floral figs had higher rates of nematode infection than the dry‐hot season and receptive figs. Nematodes did not affect the number of pollen grains or egg loads of female wasps. We did not detect a correlation between seed production and nematode infection. However, carrying nematodes reduced the lifespan and dispersal ability of pollinator wasps, indicating higher rates of post‐emergence mortality in infected fig wasps. Severely infected fig wasps were likely ‘filtered out’, preventing the overexploitation of figs by wasps and stabilizing the interaction over evolutionary time.