bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of IFN‐β 1a on expression of MDA5 and RIG‐1 in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Asadikaram Gholamreza , Meimand Hossein Ali Ebrahimi , Noroozi Saam , Sanjari Mojgan , Zainodini Nahid , Arababadi Mohammad Kazemi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to compare mRNA levels of melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid‐inducible gene 1 (RIG‐1) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in comparison to the healthy controls as well as investigating the effects of IFN‐β 1a on the expression of these molecules. In this study, mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG‐1 in peripheral leukocytes of 30 new cases of MS patients and 35 healthy controls were evaluated using the real‐time‐PCR method. mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG‐1 were determined in the MS patients 6 months after treatment with standard doses of IFN‐β 1a. mRNA levels of MDA5 and RIG‐1 were significantly decreased in the MS patients in comparison to the healthy controls. The analysis also revealed that IFN‐β 1a therapy leads to the upregulation of RIG‐1, but not MDA5, in the total MS patients and the female group. MS patients suffer from insufficient expression of MDA5 and RIG‐1, and IFN‐β 1a therapy results in the upregulation of RIG‐1 in the patients, especially in the female patients. Thus, it seems that IFN‐β 1a not only decreased pathogenic inflammatory responses but also modulated the expression of RIG‐1 to protect the patients from infectious diseases and upregulation of IFN‐I in a positive feedback.
A Cryptic Alternative for the Evolution of Hyphae
Authors: Ivarsson Magnus , Drake Henrik , Bengtson Stefan , Rasmussen Birger 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA growing awareness of a subsurface fossil record of mostly hyphal fungi organisms stretching back through the Phanerozoic to ≈400 megaannum (Ma) and possibly earlier, provides an alternative view on hyphal development. Parallel with the emergence of hyphal fungi during Ordovician–Devonian times when plants colonized the land, which is the traditional notion of hyphal evolution, hyphae‐based fungi existed in the deep biosphere. New insights suggest that the fundamental functions of hyphae may have evolved in response to an ancient subsurface endolithic life style and might have been in place before the colonization of land. To address the gaps in the current understanding of hyphal evolution a strategy based on research prospects involving investigations of uncharted geological material, new diagnostics, and comparisons to live species is proposed.
Instructor behavior associated with trainee attentiveness during behavioral training workshops: A preliminary assessment
Authors: Reid Dennis H. , Green Carolyn W. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTA variable affecting the success of behavioral training workshops is the degree to which workshop instructors promote attentiveness among trainees. This study represented a preliminary assessment of trainee attentiveness associated with different types of workshop instructor behavior. Attentiveness among 298 people attending 21 training workshops was observed as instructors engaged in different categories and subcategories of behavior. Results indicated a decreasing trend in trainee attentiveness as instructors spent more time exclusively talking and talking with a slide presentation. Relatedly, trainee attentiveness was lowest when instructors were talking with and without a slide presentation relative to engaging in these plus other behaviors (asking a question, telling a story, changing instructors, showing a video, providing a participant activity, and/or expressing humor). Results are discussed in terms of behavior analysts conducting workshops in light of instructional behavior associated with high levels of trainee attentiveness and exerting caution with time spent exclusively talking and talking with slide presentations. Future research areas discussed focus on ways to further specify workshop instructor behavior that promotes or impedes trainee attentiveness.
Boosting carotenoid content inMalus domesticavar. Fuji by expressingAtDXRthrough anAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation method
Authors: Arcos Yessica , Godoy Francisca , Flores‐Ortiz Carlos , Arenas‐M Anita , Stange Claudia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApple (Malus domestica) fruits accumulate negligible levels of carotenoids, antioxidant pigments that are precursors for vitamin A in humans. As vitamin A deficiency is an important public health issue, we aimed at increasing carotenoids in apple by constitutively expressing theArabidopsis thaliana DXRgene, one of the key regulatory steps in the plastidial isoprenoid pathway. For this purpose, we optimized anAgrobacterium‐mediated transformation method in the commercial Fuji Raku Raku variety. This resulted in a shoot establishment efficiency of 0.75% at 20 weeks after infection. Molecular and microscopical analyses revealed that 80% of the hygromycin resistant shoots contained and expressedAtDXR:eGFPand that the AtDXR:eGFP fusion protein located in plastids. Transgenic seedlings displayed up to 3‐fold increase in total carotenoids and in individual carotenoids compared to the WT, correlating with an increased transcript abundance of endogenous carotenogenic genes such asMdDXS, MdPSY1, MdPSY2, MdPSY3, MdLCYB1, andMdLCYB2. In addition, buds of 2‐year‐old transgenic dormant trees showed an increment up to 3‐fold in lutein, and transient transformation of fruits revealed thatAtDXRinduced a 2‐fold increment in total carotenoids. Thus, these results suggest thatDXRmay be a good candidate for increasing carotenoid levels in apple fruits through metabolic engineering.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder and related factors among female victims of sexual assault required to attend a University Hospital in Turkey: A cross‐sectional cohort study
Authors: Karataş Reyhan Dağ , Altınöz Ali Ercan , Eşsizoğlu Altan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common consequences of sexual assault, but it is not invariable.AimOur aim was to investigate pre‐, peri‐ and post‐traumatic factors associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder among adult women who had been sexually assaulted.MethodsAll women attending a specialist university clinic for victims of sexual assault referred by the courts for a mental health assessment were invited to participate. At the time, the Turkish penal code required such referral (the year up to September 2015). Consenting women completed a sociodemographic information form, the Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Short Form‐36 reflecting perceived quality of life, the Beck Depression Scale and the Beck Anxiety Scale.ResultsSixty women were eligible and agreed to participate. Two‐thirds of them (41, 68%) reported features of PTSD. In bivariate analyses, the women with PTSD also rated themselves as having a wide range of health and social disadvantages. Self‐perceived poverty of social support and having suicidal thoughts were independently associated with PTSD.ConclusionsAlthough the rate of mental health and social problems among the women with PTSD were high, less than a third had actually sought help for their difficulties. While a requirement in the penal code that such women should have a psychiatric assessment seems over‐intrusive and has since been dropped, our findings suggest that more efforts should be made to ensure that such women have help available if they want it.
Early detection of velamentous cord insertion at the eighth week of gestation
Authors: Liao Caiyun , Peregrin‐Alvarez Irene , Roman Robert , Morris Joshua , Detti Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVelamentous cord insertion can be diagnosed at 8 weeks of gestation, earlier than previously reported. Fetal surveillance may be informed and prognosis may be impacted by early diagnosis once viability is reached.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a rare cause of pituitary stalk thickening
Authors: Faje Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis case highlights a rare presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CNS involvement by CLL is rare, and only 5 cases with pituitary or hypothalamic involvement have previously been reported. Unfamiliarity with this disease complication may lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment.This case highlights a rare presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). CNS involvement by CLL is rare, and only 5 cases with pituitary or hypothalamic involvement have previously been reported. Unfamiliarity with this disease complication may lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of High Temperature on Swellable Organically Modified Silica (SOMS) and Its Application for Preferential CO Oxidation in H2 Rich Environment
Authors: Basu Dishari , Ailawar Saurabh , Celik Gokhan , Edmiston Paul , Ozkan Umit S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransition metal oxide catalysts tend to deactivate in the presence of moisture during hydrogen purification using preferential oxidation (PROX) of carbon monoxide (CO) . Thus, novel water‐tolerant catalysts need to be developed. Herein, the evolution of heat treated swellable organically‐modified silica (SOMS), a hydrophobic organic‐inorganic hybrid material, has been characterized and applied as a catalyst support for PROX under moisture‐rich conditions. While the SOMS‐supported cobalt manganese oxide was found to be inactive, drastic improvement in CO conversion was observed for heat treated SOMS (HSOMS) supported catalysts. From thermogravimetric analysis and NMR spectroscopy it was found that SOMS retains its structural properties and hydrophobicity up to 400 °C. The performance of these catalysts was improved upon using toluene as the impregnation solvent, which enhanced the support wettability and improved active site deposition. The catalyst supported on HSOMS‐400 was found to be more water tolerant than a silica‐supported catalyst due to Si−O−Si(CH3)3 groups retained from hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) derivatization of SOMS.
Applications of mixture experiments for response surface methodology implementation in analytical methods development
Authors: Azcarate Silvana M. , Pinto Licarion , Goicoechea Héctor C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis review presents applications of response surface methodology (RSM) when mixture experiments are involved for the optimization in the field of analytical methods development. Several critical issues such as sort of designs, modeling with least squares or artificial neural networks, and multiple response optimization are discussed. The results of a literature survey of the works reported up to 2019 are presented. Finally, an illustrative example providing the necessary information to carry out this kind of work is discussed. A list of the most popular software available to apply RSM is also presented.
Soil compaction problems and subsoiling effects on potato crops: A review
Authors: Ghosh Upasana , Daigh Aaron L.M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubsoil compaction is universally known to have negative impacts on crop production. These impacts are prominent in modern mechanized systems that rely on extensive use of heavy field machinery. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an intensively managed crop with yields often limited by subsoil compaction and tillage pans. The mechanical loosening of compacted soil via subsoiling is often believed to be a useful method to enhance root elongation and improve a crop's ability to access deeper soil water. This is particularly important for potato because it is relatively more sensitive to water stress than many other crops. However, the outcome of subsoiling in potato systems is variable. Here we provide a concise and focused review on (a) the causes and problems of subsoil compaction in potato production, (b) the effectiveness of subsoiling as a remediation strategy, and (c) alternative strategies and directions for future research. The effects of subsoiling on potato tuber yield and quality, root development, water availability, and soil physical properties are summarized. The problem of soil reconsolidation after subsoiling and alternative methods to subsoiling are also discussed, in brief, to provide solutions. From the published literature, we conclude that potato yield and quality benefits from subsoiling are rare, temporary, and highly inconsistent. The only exception is when moisture is known to be the major limiting factor in a field. Alternative methods, such as controlled traffic and biological drilling, have potential to aid in remediating fields with subsoil compaction and minimizing future reoccurrence. These alternative methods need further research to identify points for optimization within potato systems and confounding conditions that may limit their potential as an effective tool for producers.
Stapled Peptides as HIF‐1α/p300 Inhibitors: Helicity Enhancement in the Bound State Increases Inhibitory Potency
Authors: Hetherington Kristina , Hegedus Zsofia , Edwards Thomas A. , Sessions Richard B. , Nelson Adam , Wilson Andrew J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) control virtually all cellular processes and have thus emerged as potential targets for development of molecular therapeutics. Peptide‐based inhibitors of PPIs are attractive given that they offer recognition potency and selectivity features that are ideal for function, yet, they do not predominantly populate the bioactive conformation, frequently suffer from poor cellular uptake and are easily degraded, for example, by proteases. The constraint of peptides in a bioactive conformation has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate against these liabilities. In this work, using peptides derived from hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1α) together with dibromomaleimide stapling, we identify constrained peptide inhibitors of the HIF‐1α/p300 interaction that are more potent than their unconstrained sequences. Contrary to expectation, the increased potency does not correlate with an increased population of an α‐helical conformation in the unbound state as demonstrated by experimental circular dichroism analysis. Rather, the ability of the peptide to adopt a bioactive α‐helical conformation in the p300 bound state is better supported in the constrained variant as demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations and circular dichroism difference spectra.
Room‐Temperature Laser Synthesis in Liquid of Oxide, Metal‐Oxide Core‐Shells, and Doped Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Amendola Vincenzo , Amans David , Ishikawa Yoshie , Koshizaki Naoto , Scirè Salvatore , Compagnini Giuseppe , Reichenberger Sven , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough oxide nanoparticles are ubiquitous in science and technology, a multitude of compositions, phases, structures, and doping levels exist, each one requiring a variety of conditions for their synthesis and modification. Besides, experimental procedures are frequently dominated by high temperatures or pressures and by chemical contaminants or waste. In recent years, laser synthesis of colloids emerged as a versatile approach to access a library of clean oxide nanoparticles relying on only four main strategies running at room temperature and ambient pressure: laser ablation in liquid, laser fragmentation in liquid, laser melting in liquid and laser defect‐engineering in liquid. Here, established laser‐based methodologies are reviewed through the presentation of a panorama of oxide nanoparticles which include pure oxidic phases, as well as unconventional structures like defective or doped oxides, non‐equilibrium compounds, metal‐oxide core–shells and other anisotropic morphologies. So far, these materials showed several useful properties that are discussed with special emphasis on catalytic, biomedical and optical application. Yet, given the endless number of mixed compounds accessible by the laser‐assisted methodologies, there is still a lot of room to expand the library of nano‐crystals and to refine the control over products as well as to improve the understanding of the whole process of nanoparticle formation. To that end, this review aims to identify the perspectives and unique opportunities of laser‐based synthesis and processing of colloids for future studies of oxide nanomaterial‐oriented sciences.
Therapist effects vary significantly across psychological treatment care sectors
Authors: Firth Nick , Saxon David , Stiles William B. , Barkham Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPsychological intervention outcomes depend in part on the therapist who provides the intervention (a therapist effect). However, recent reviews suggest that therapist effects may vary as a function of the context in which care is provided and therefore should not be generalized beyond that context. This study statistically analysed therapist effect differences between care sectors delivering psychological interventions. The sample comprised routine clinical data from 26,814 patients (69% female; mean age 38) and 466 therapists in five care sectors: primary care, secondary care, university, voluntary, and workplace. Therapist effects were analysed using multilevel models and Markov chain Monte Carlo credible intervals. The therapist effect was significantly larger in primary care (8.4%) than in any other sector (1.1%–2.3%) except secondary care (4.1%), after controlling for explanatory baseline and process variables as well as accounting for differences between clinics. There were no other significant differences detected between care sectors. These findings support the hypothesis that differences in effectiveness between therapists vary depending on the context in which psychological treatment is provided. Differences in relative therapist impact can vary by a factor of 4–8 across treatment sectors. This should be considered in the application of research evidence, treatment planning, and the design and delivery of psychological care provision.
Morphology and Optical Properties of Precipitated Vivianite, Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O
Authors: Madsen Hans Erik Lundager 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrystals of vivianite, Fe3(PO4)2∙8H2O, belonging to the monoclinic prismatic class 2/m, are grown by precipitation from aqueous solution at temperatures from 25 to 56 °C. At 25 °C aggregates are dominating, but at 35 °C and above single crystals are more common, being tabular along {010} and most often with parallelogram outline; in a few cases twins are observed. The outline is distinct and consistent with published lattice parameters, but at low temperature the {010} faces are very rough as judged from interference colors seen in the polarizing microscope. Lateral faces belonging to the {110} form are visible on crystals grown at 45 and 56 °C, and the widths of their projections on {010} as measured with a micrometer eyepiece served for estimating crystal thickness, making use of the face angle from lattice parameters. Optical parameters are determined by a combination of three methods: 1) measurement of birefringence with an Ehringhaus 6λ compensator, 2) Kamb's method for the optic axis angle determined by the angle‐of‐flight method in conoscopic illumination, and 3) visual interferometry using a polarizing microscope incorporating a Mach–Zehnder interference device. Reasonably precise values of principal refractive indices in the expected range are found.
Au–Ag–Al Nano‐Alloy Thin Films as an Advanced Material for Photonic Applications: XPS Analysis, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties Under CW Regime
Authors: Abu‐Safe Husam H. , Al‐Esseili Razan , El‐Nasser Husam , Sarollahi Mirsaeid , Refaei Malak , Zamani‐Alavijeh Mohammad , Naseem Hameed , Ware Morgan E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe compositional and optical properties of an aluminum‐based transition‐metal alloy system (Au–Ag–Al) as an advanced material for photonic applications are investigated. The system is fabricated by sequentially evaporating thin layers of gold, silver, and aluminum. The thickness of Al is varied to reflect different percentages in the alloyed films. Alloying of the metals is confirmed from the shifts in the electronic binding energy of the pure elements through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The current–voltage measurements demonstrate good ohmic conductivity in the films and the optical properties are obtained by standard absorption and z‐scan techniques. Plasmonic peaks are observed in the alloyed system related to the participating metals. The thermal nonlinear optical response is conducted in the continuous wave (CW) regime. The films show large values for the thermo‐optical coefficient ( which results in high values (≈10−3 cm2 W−1) for the third‐order nonlinear coefficient (). A discussion of these values and their impact on the application of thin alloyed metals is presented.
Tuning of Ionic Second Coordination Sphere in Evolved Rhenium Catalyst for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Kai‐Hong , Wang Ning , Yang Zhi‐Wen , Xia Shu‐Mei , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeveloping an efficient and easy‐to‐handle strategy in designing catalysts for CO2 reduction into CO by harnessing sunlight is a promising project. Here, a facile strategy was developed to design a Re catalyst modified with an ionic secondary coordination sphere for photoreduction of CO2 to CO by visible light. By adding ionic liquids or tuning a different ionic secondary coordination sphere, it was discovered that an outstanding optical property, other than CO2 absorption ability or the ability to dissociation of chloride anion, is the prerequisite for catalyst design. Accordingly, a novel Re catalyst, {Re[BpyMe(tris(2‐hydroxyethyl)amine)](CO)3Cl}Br (Re‐THEA), was designed, screened, and resulted in a relative high quantum yield (up to 34 %) for visible‐light‐induced CO2 reduction with a single‐molecule system. DFT calculations, combined with experimental outcomes, suggested the pendant ionic tris(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino (THEA) group on Re‐THEA can enhance visible‐light absorption, stabilize reaction intermediates, and suppress the Re–Re dimer formation.
An improved charge‐sharing elimination pseudo‐domino logic
Authors: Ghimiray Sapna Rani , Meher Preetisudha , Dutta Pranab Kishore 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn low‐power digital circuit, the deviation of node voltage from nominal value due to charge‐sharing leads to erroneous output. This problem is more prominent in domino logic when the device is scaled down. The scaling of the device involves scaling of threshold voltage, resulting in high leakage, less robustness and degradation in noise margin. The paper proposes an improved domino approach in terms of reduced leakage, low power dissipation and better noise margin. The stacking effect and pseudo buffer are used in precharge phase to control the gate‐to‐source voltage of pull‐down network for less power consumption and increase in performance in terms of speed of operation. A modified keeper is introduced to reduce the charge‐sharing problem. The proposed domino approach is tested against area overhead, ageing and process, voltage and temperature variation. The circuit is simulated using Cadence Virtuoso Spectre for 90 nm technology. The results obtained from the simulation represent the usefulness of the proposed circuit in terms of power dissipation, stability due to temperature variation, leakage due to temperature variation and delay. The result also shows that the circuit is less prone to charge redistribution problem that exist in domino circuit.