bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of smoke‐free laws with preterm or low birth weight deliveries—A multistate analysis
Authors: Ji Xu , Cox Shanna , Grosse Scott D. , Barfield Wanda D. , Armour Brian S. , Courtney‐Long Elizabeth A. , Li Rui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between the change in statewide smoke‐free laws and the rate of preterm or low birth weight delivery hospitalizations.Data Source2002‐2013 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases.Study DesignQuasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences design. We used multivariate logistic models to estimate the association between the change in state smoke‐free laws and preterm or low birth weight delivery hospitalizations. The analyses were also stratified by maternal race/ethnicity to examine the differential effects by racial/ethnic groups.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsDelivery hospitalizations among women aged 15‐49 years were extracted using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and Diagnosis‐Related Group codes.Principal FindingsNon‐Hispanic black mothers had a higher rate of preterm or low birth weight delivery hospitalization than other racial/ethnic groups. Overall, there was no association between the change in smoke‐free laws and preterm or low birth weight delivery rate. Among non‐Hispanic black mothers, the change in statewide smoke‐free laws was associated with a 0.9‐1.9 percentage point (P < .05) reduction in preterm or low birth weight delivery rate beginning in the third year after the laws took effect. There was no association among non‐Hispanic white mothers. A decline in the black‐white disparity of 0.6‐1.6 percentage points (P < .05) in preterm or low birth weight delivery rates was associated with the change in state smoke‐free laws.ConclusionThe change in state smoke‐free laws was associated with a reduction in racial/ethnic disparities in preterm or low birth weight delivery hospitalizations in selected US states.
Untangling ITS2 genotypes of algal symbionts in zooxanthellate corals
Authors: Shi Tuo , Niu Gaofeng , Kvitt Hagit , Zheng Xinqing , Qin Qiaoyun , Sun Danye , Ji Zhiliang , Tchernov Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCollectively called zooxanthellae, photosynthetic dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are typical endosymbionts that unequivocally mediate coral responses to environmental changes. Symbiodiniaceae are genetically diverse, encompassing at least nine phylogenetically distinct genera (clades A–I). The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region is commonly utilized for determining Symbiodiniaceae diversity within clades. However, ITS2 is often inadvertently interpreted together with the tailing part of the ribosomal RNA genes (5.8S and 28S or equivalent), leading to unresolved taxonomy and equivocal annotations. To overcome this hurdle, we mined in GenBank and expert reference databases for ITS2 sequences of Symbiodiniaceae having explicit boundaries with adjacent rRNAs. We profiled a Hidden Markov Model of the ITS2‐proximal 5.8S‐28S rRNA interaction, which was shown to facilitate the delimitation of Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 from GenBank, while considerably reducing sequence ambiguity and redundancy in reference databases. The delineation of ITS2 sequences unveiled intra‐clade sequence diversity and inter‐clade secondary structure conservation. We compiled the clean data into a non‐redundant database that archives the largest number of Symbiodiniaceae ITS2 sequences known to date with definite genotype/subclade representations and well‐defined secondary structures. This database provides a fundamental reference catalog for consistent and precise genotyping of Symbiodiniaceae and a tool for automated annotation of user‐supplied sequences.
A discovery of screening markers for rheumatoid arthritis by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry: A metabolomic approach
Authors: Lee Yoo‐Jin , Mun Sora , Lee You‐Rim , Lee Seungyeon , Kwon Sohyen , Kim Doojin , Lim Mi‐Kyoung , Kang Hee‐Gyoo , Lee Jiyeong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to discover serum metabolite biomarkers for potential use in screening for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThe sera from 43 healthy controls (HCs) and 49 RA patients were globally analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ tandem mass spectrometry. Molecular features (MFs) from samples were analyzed using volcano plots, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and variable importance in projection scores to select candidates. The spectra of candidate MFs were matched with the METLIN database. We confirmed the association between candidates and RA and analyzed the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsWe selected a total of 57 candidate MFs that had a fold change ≥1.5, P value ≤.05, and over 80% of frequency. Among them, 18 MFs were identified as metabolites with the METLIN database. Six metabolites (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androsterone sulfate, γ‐linolenic acid, 9[E],11[E]‐conjugated linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid [22n‐3]) out of the 18 were associated with mechanisms of RA and were selected as final candidates. ROC curve analysis revealed their area under the curve (AUC) values were all above 0.75 and the combined AUC of the six candidates was 0.89.ConclusionUsing six candidates as a marker set showed potential in distinguishing RA patients from HCs, based on high AUC values. Therefore, we propose that a marker set of these six candidates has potential clinical application in RA screening.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Delayed Development in Adolescents
Authors: Nogueira Isadora Lorenna Alves , Tinôco Jéssica Dantas de Sá , Fernandes Maria Isabel da Conceição Dias , Delgado Milena Freire , Lisboa Isabel Neves Duarte , Lopes Marcos Venícius de Oliveira , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTIONThe early identification of developmental delay in adolescents by health professionals is relevant for a good prognosis. However, the clinical indicators of development delay are unclear in nursing science.PURPOSETo analyze the clinical indicators of delayed development in school adolescents.METHODSA diagnostic accuracy study that investigated delayed development among 385 adolescents in public schools between July and September of 2017. The accuracy measures were analyzed using a latent class analysis based on sensitivity and specificity values.FINDINGSThe delayed development is present in 18.26% of school adolescents. The best accuracy values were as follows: low self‐esteem (0.9838), dissatisfaction with own image (0.8400), impaired daily activities (0.9815), internalization behavior (0.8304), outsourcing behavior (0.6367), eating disorders (1.0000), emotional insecurity (0.7093), dependent behavior (0.9836), and altered sexual maturation (0.6085).CONCLUSIONThus, this set of nine clinical indicators can be used by nurse practitioners to confirm delayed development in school adolescents.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThis research contributes by providing accurate clinical indicators of delayed development in adolescents. Thus, nurses should recognize delayed development in adolescents through accurate clinical indicators and propose nursing interventions that have positive health results.
Perceived Substance Use Norms Among Jailed Women with Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Timko Christine , Chatav Schonbrun Yael , Anderson Bradley , Johnson Jennifer E. , Stein Michael 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSocial norms regarding substance use predict substance use behaviors. In a sample of jailed women with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), we compared (i) jailed women’s perceptions of the US women population’s rates of substance use, with US women’s actual rates of substance use; (ii) jailed women’s perceived rates of substance use by US women, with their perceptions of use by their own friends; and (iii) US women’s actual rates of substance use, with observed sample substance use rates.MethodsParticipants were 205 jailed women who met criteria for an AUD. We used the 1‐sample or dependent‐samples t‐test to make the comparisons.ResultsParticipants overestimated US women’s rates of substance use and incarceration rates. They perceived their friends’ substance use as less common than US women’s. The jailed women reported higher rates of their own substance use than actual rates by US women. In addition, jailed women self‐reported less cannabis use, but more alcohol and cocaine use and cigarette smoking, than they perceived their friends to have used. The more women perceived their friends as drinking, the less they had a goal to drink less or abstain from drinking postincarceration; in contrast, perceptions of US women’s drinking were not related to personal goals for drinking.ConclusionsInterventions that correct misperceptions about substance use norms may have utility for jailed women with AUDs.
Why introducing a parasitoid of Paropsis charybdis Stål, 1860 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae is expected to enhance biological control of this Eucalyptus pest in New Zealand
Authors: Pugh Andrew R , Withers Toni M , Peters Elise M , Allen Geoff R , Phillips Craig B 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParopsis charybdis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has been a major pest of Eucalyptus spp. since invading New Zealand from Australia over 100 years ago. Here, we report on the phenology, egg parasitism and defoliation levels of P. charybdis at two Eucalyptus nitens plantations in the central North Island of New Zealand and assess the establishment prospects and potential impact of a new biological control agent, the larval parasitoid Eadya daenerys. Field monitoring found that 90–100% of first generation P. charybdis eggs emerged, showing that the existing egg parasitoids Enoggera nassaui (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Neopolycystus insectifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) are ineffective at controlling this generation. Further field monitoring revealed effective control of second generation eggs by E. nassaui and N. insectifurax despite the presence of Baeoanusia albifunicle (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a hyperparasitoid of E. nassaui. Phenology data show that first generation P. charybdis larvae will likely be synchronous with the adult emergence of E. daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) the new larval endoparasitoid proposed to be introduced from Australia. Climate matching predicts E. daenerys could establish in all areas of New Zealand where P. charybdisimpacted Eucalyptus spp. plantations are grown. The addition of a larval endoparasitoid could significantly contribute to the suppression of P. charybdis by decreasing first generation larval survival.
Real‐world efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Experience of a tertiary Asian Center
Authors: Ng Kennedy Yao Yi , Wong Lawrence Wen Jun , Ang Andrea Jing Shi , Tan Sze Huey , Choo Su Pin , Tai David Wai‐Meng , Lee Joycelyn Jie Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing. Real‐world data on efficacy and safety, however, are lacking.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all patients with advanced HCC seen at our center who received at least one dose of an ICI between May 2015 and June 2018. Data cutoff was December 31, 2018. Responses were evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 criteria.ResultsOf 114 patients, 88.6% were male. Median age was 66 years, 96.5% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group of 0–1. 62.3% received monotherapy ICI. 18.4% of patients had Child‐Pugh (CP) B disease on initiation of ICI, and 69.3% had an ALBI grade of 2. 54.4% were known to have chronic hepatitis B (HBV) or were previously infected, and 11.4% had hepatitis C. Baseline HBV viral load (VL) ranged from undetectable to 8 210 000 IU/mL. 35.1% received prior systemic treatment. 28.9% received prior sorafenib. Over a median follow‐up duration of 13.8 months (10.4–15.8), ORR was 18.4%, and DCR was 50.9%. Median progression‐free survival was 2.7 months (1.3–4.0), and median overall survival (OS) was 13.9 months (6.9–16.2). Thirty‐one patients (27.2%) received further systemic therapy after ICI discontinuation. On multivariable analyses, lower albumin level, higher bilirubin level, diuretic‐refractory ascites, and HBV‐associated HCC were associated with poorer OS. 69.3% of patients experienced adverse events (AE) of any grade, 14.9% of these being grade 3–4. No grade 5 AE were observed. Use of antiviral therapy was associated with a lower risk of grade 3 or above hepatic AEs (P = 0.048), whereas high baseline HBV VL was not associated with an increased risk of reactivation or hepatic AE.DiscussionWe have demonstrated that the real‐world performance of ICIs in advanced HCC appears comparable to that observed in clinical trials for HCC patients with CP A cirrhosis. While prognosis of patients with advanced HCC and CP B cirrhosis remains poor even with ICI, usage of ICI is likely to be safe. Patients with HBV with a baseline HBV VL ≥100 IU/mL may receive ICI safely, especially if they are on antiviral treatment.
The emerging role of exosomes as novel therapeutics: Biology, technologies, clinical applications, and the next
Authors: Song Yonghee , Kim Youngeun , Ha Sunhyung , Sheller‐Miller Samantha , Yoo Jaekwang , Choi Chulhee , Park Cheol Hyoung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe extracellular vesicles (EVs) research area has grown rapidly because of their pivotal roles in intercellular communications and maintaining homeostasis of individual organism. As a subtype of EVs, exosomes are made via unique biogenesis pathway and exhibit disparate functional and phenotypic characteristics. Functionally, exosomes transfer biological messages from donor cell to recipient cell, which makes exosomes as a novel therapeutic platform delivering therapeutic materials to the target tissue/cell. Currently, both academia and industry try to develop exosome platform‐based therapeutics for disease management, some of which are already in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss focusing on therapeutic values of exosomes, recent advances in therapeutic exosome platform development, and late development of exosome therapeutics in diverse therapeutic areas.
Improving Mental Health and Well‐Being through Informal Mindfulness Practices: An Intervention Study
Authors: Shankland Rebecca , Tessier Damien , Strub Lionel , Gauchet Aurélie , Baeyens Céline 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMindfulness‐based programs have been shown to be effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms, and enhancing well‐being. However, it remains unclear whether longer formal mindfulness practices are necessary to obtain such results. We therefore aimed to assess the effectiveness of a program (FOVEA, 8 weeks, 2h/week) which was only based on brief and informal practices.MethodsUsing a switching replication design, participants (N = 139) were assigned to a FOVEA or a wait‐list group, and completed the following self‐report questionnaires online at three time points: perceived stress, anxiety, depression, satisfaction with life (dependent variables), and mindfulness (mediating variable). They also completed a daily practice diary.ResultsRelative to the wait‐list group, FOVEA participants showed significantly reduced perceived stress, anxiety, and depression, and increased satisfaction with life. These changes were completely mediated by increased mindfulness, and were maintained 2.5 months after the end of the program. The effect sizes were moderate to large.ConclusionsThese results underline the potential benefits of a mindfulness informal practices program for the general population. This type of program could constitute a first step towards more formal practices once the motivation to practice has been enhanced by the perceived benefits of brief practices.
Heterogeneous Risk Perception amid the Outbreak of COVID‐19 in China: Implications for Economic Confidence
Authors: Yang Zhixu , Xin Ziqiang 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak has elicited concerns about public fear and economic fallout. The current study takes a person‐oriented approach to identify the unique response patterns that underlie three risk perception components (likelihood, severity, and protection efficacy) of COVID‐19, with information sources as precursors and economic confidence as outcomes.MethodsA total of 1,074 Chinese citizens participated in a national online survey in early February 2020.ResultsA latent profile analysis showed that participants exhibited one of three classes: Risk Neutrals (49.9%; moderate in all components), Risk Deniers (14.3%; low likelihood, low severity, and high protection efficacy), or Risk Exaggerators (35.8%; high likelihood, high severity, and low protection efficacy). Subsequent analyses showed that reliance on unofficial sources (gossip and news spread among friends; WeChat) positively correlated with membership in the Risk Exaggerators class. In turn, belonging in the Risk Exaggerators class correlated with the lowest short‐term (but not long‐term) economic confidence.ConclusionsThis study suggests that exploring the heterogeneity of the public risk perception might help the government to design differentiated risk communication strategies during the COVID‐19 outbreak.
Robotic‐assisted total gastrectomy in a patient with gastric cancer associated with situs inversus totalis: With video
Authors: Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Yoshikawa Kozo , Tokunaga Takuya , Nishi Masaaki , Takasu Chie , Kashihara Hideya , Nakasu Chiharu , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSitus inversus totalis (SIT) refers to an inverted position of the major visceral organ as a “mirror image” of the regular location. We present a video of a robotic‐assisted total gastrectomy in a 84‐year‐old man with SIT. The patient was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer in the U region. The port placement was done as mirror images of our usual settings. Lymph node dissection was performed with a completely reverse approach to the usual procedure. After total gastrectomy, an intracorporal esophagojejunostomy was performed by circular method. All procedures were performed safely with no intraoperative complications and the patient was discharged uneventfully. Pathological diagnosis confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and the depth of invasion was to the subserosa; there were five metastatic lymph nodes. In patients who have gastric cancer with SIT, a robotic‐assisted total gastrectomy can be performed safely without surgical complication. Robots are useful for performing a total gastrectomy in SIT.
Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for large proximal ureteric stones: Surgical technique, outcomes and literature review
Authors: Abdel Raheem Ali , Alowidah Ibrahim , Hagras Ayman , Gameel Tarek , Ghaith Ahmed , Elghiaty Ahmed , Althakafi Sultan , Al‐Mousa Mohammed , Alturki Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LPU) for the treatment of large proximal ureteric stone.MethodsA retrospective multicenter analysis for patients with solitary impacted proximal ureteric stone ≥15 mm who underwent LPU from 2016 to 2019 was performed. Primary outcome was to estimate the stone‐free rate (SFR). SFR was defined as absence of residual stones on postoperative computed tomography scan. Secondary outcome was to assess the perioperative outcomes, as well as to review literature data of randomized controlled trials and meta‐analyses comparing LPU to other treatment options.ResultsForty‐four patients were included in our study. Mean stone size was 22.9 ± 5.8 mm and median follow‐up was 14 months. Three patients had previous abdominal surgery, one patient had severe degree of scoliosis and six patients failed primary therapy. All stones were extracted successfully (SFR = 100%) without need of auxiliary treatments. Mean operative time and estimated blood loss were 86.6 ± 14.1 minutes. and 11.9 ± 14.7 mL, respectively. No intraoperative complications or conversion to open surgery were reported. No major postoperative complications (≥grade 3) were reported. Mean length of hospital stay was 2 ± 0.8 days.ConclusionsFor treatment of large ureteric stones, our study showed that LPU achieves 100% stone‐free status. When performed by well‐trained laparoscopic surgeons, it is safe and has no major perioperative complications. According to our results and literature data, when counseling patients with large impacted proximal ureteral stones, LPU should be advised as the procedure that has the higher SFR, lower auxiliary treatments, and comparable complication rates to other treatments.
Nonlinear relationships between inflation, output growth and uncertainty in India: New evidence from a bivariate threshold model
Authors: Chowdhury Kushal Banik , Sarkar Kaustav Kanti , Kundu Srikanta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between inflation, output growth and their uncertainties for India over the period from 1971 to 2015. The paper extends the existing empirical literature by employing a regime switching model to understand the dynamics of the above linkages in different inflation and output growth regimes of India. Our estimated results indicate that inflation is a positive determinant of output growth in the low‐growth regime. Furthermore, output growth significantly boosts inflation during low‐inflation regime. Thus in a situation, when both inflation and output growth are low, moderate inflation is helpful to growth as well as rise in growth feeds back into inflation. On the other hand, during high‐inflation regime, nominal uncertainty significantly reduces inflation, thus providing evidence in support of the price “stabilization” motive of the monetary authority.
(±)VK4‐40, a novel dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist, attenuates cocaine reward and relapse in rodents
Authors: Jordan Chloe J. , He Yi , Bi Guo‐Hua , You Zhi‐Bing , Cao Jianjing , Xi Zheng‐Xiong , Newman Amy Hauck 
Published: September 2020

Background and PurposeDespite widespread abuse of cocaine, there are no approved treatments for cocaine use disorder. Chronic cocaine use is associated with up‐regulated dopamine D3 receptor expression in the brain. Therefore, most D3‐based medication development has focused on D3 antagonists. However, D3 antagonists do not attenuate cocaine intake under “easy” self‐administration conditions, when response requirements are low. We evaluated a novel, highly selective and metabolically stable D3 partial agonist, (±)VK4‐40, for its efficacy in reducing cocaine intake and relapse to drug seeking.Experimental ApproachThe impact of (±)VK4‐40 on cocaine intake and relapse was evaluated using intravenous self‐administration procedures under a fixed‐ratio 2 reinforcement schedule and cocaine‐primed reinstatement conditions in rats. Optogenetic brain‐stimulation reward procedures were used to evaluate the interaction of (±)VK4‐40 and cocaine in the mesolimbic dopamine system in mice. Sucrose self‐administration in rats and a conditioned place preference paradigm in mice were used to evaluate the abuse potential of (±)VK4‐40 alone and other unwanted effects.Key Results(±)VK4‐40 dose‐dependently reduced cocaine self‐administration and cocaine‐primed reinstatement of drug‐seeking behaviour. (±)VK4‐40 also inhibited cocaine‐enhanced brain‐stimulation reward caused by optogenetic stimulation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. (±)VK4‐40 alone decreased brain‐stimulation reward but produced neither conditioned place preference nor place aversion. This new D3 partial agonist also failed to alter oral sucrose self‐administration.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe novel D3 partial agonist, (±)VK4‐40 attenuates cocaine reward and relapse in rodents, without significant unwanted effects. These findings support further investigation of D3 partial agonists as putative treatments for cocaine use disorder.