bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Contribution of Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Technogenic Risks Formation for the Population of the City Dimitrovgrad
Authors: Arakelyan A. , Vedernikova M. , Gavrilina E. , Pechkurova K. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The assess the contribution of modern activity of Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (JSC «SSC RIAR») in the formation of man-made risks for the population of Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region.
Material and methods: The results of monitoring of the state of the environment, meteorological features of the area of JSC «SSC RIAR» location, data on the radiation and sanitary-epidemiological situation in Dimitrovgrad were studied and analyzed. The materials of the state reports, annual reports and analytical references of the Rospotrebnadzor, the Volga UGMS, Ulyanovskstat, the Ministry of Ecology and Nature Management of the Ulyanovsk Region and the Interregional Department № 172 of the FMBA of Russia, as well as the results of industrial and environmental monitoring provided directly by JSC “SSC RIAR” were used as the sources of the initial data.
The work was carried out dispersion modeling of current annual gas and aerosol emissions to estimate the contribution of JSC « RIAR » in the formation of ambient city air pollution. The calculation of risks was carried out in accordance with the UNSCEAR methodology for the assessment of radiation risk and the Guidelines for the assessment of the effects of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Results: The average annual dose rate for the population of Dimitrovgrad caused by current emissions of JSC «SSC RIAR» according to the results of conservative calculations is 0.9 µSv/year. The value of radiation risk for the population of the residential zone is at the level of 2.9∙10–8, while for the entire territory of Dimitrovgrad it is 5.4∙10–8. The resulting value of the radiation risk to the health of people living in a residential area of the city is more than 30 times lower than the level of acceptable risk (1∙10–6).
The total value of chemical risk from all sources of air pollution in Dimitrovgrad is 1.3∙10–3. This risk level is in the range of unacceptable risk neither for the population nor for professional groups. Assessment of a carcinogenic risk from pollutants suggests the occurrence of malignant neoplasms as a negative effect. The total value of carcinogenic risk is 1.3∙10–4, which slightly exceeds the upper limit of the acceptable risk level for the population.
Conclusion: The contribution of anthropogenic radiation factor to the overall risk structure is less than 0.003 %. The role of JSC “SSC RIAR” in the air pollution of the residential zone of the city is negligible and does not create toxic risks for the population of Dimitrovgrad. Thus the current activity of JSC “SSC RIAR” leads to negligible values of carcinogenic risks for the population of the area of the nuclear facility location.
The Health of Workers with the Intake of Radionuclides in Case of Skin Damage
Authors: Gurev A. , Tukov A. , Bushmanov A. , Kalinina M. , Zubov A. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Analysis of the prevalence of diseases of non-professional genesis in individuals with intake of radionuclides through damaged skin and served by health care institutions of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. Material and methods: The database of the “Industry register of persons with occupational diseases” includes the health indicators of individuals with intake of radionuclides through damaged skin and a population of 185 patients aged 68.9 ± 1.0 years for 2014 (166 men aged 68.3 ± 1.0 years and 19 women aged 74.0 ± 3.4 years). The coding of diseases of non-professional genesis was carried out according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Problems Related to Health (ICD-10). Student’s criterion was used as a criterion of statistical validity (p < 0.05). To assess the health of persons counted in the register, the prevalence rate of diseases of non-professional genesis, calculated for 1000 patients with occupational diseases, was used. An intensive indicator error was calculated ( ± m 95 %). Results: The prevalence of non-occupational diseases is 1637.8 ± 94.1 (men 1614.5 ± 98.6, women 1842.1 ± 311.4; p > 0.05). Disorders of the musculoskeletal system occupy the first place – 340.5 ± 34.8; 20.8 % (men 313.3 ± 36.0; 19.4 %, women 578.9 ± 174.6; 31.4 %; p > 0.05). Of these, dorsopathies accounted for 286.5 ± 33.1; 84.1 % (men 265.1 ± 34.3; 84.6 %, women 473.7 ± 114.6; 81.8 %; p > 0.05). Diseases of the digestive organs are 270.3 ± 32.7; 16.5 %. The highest rates in persons with diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum 205.4 ± 29.7; 76.0 % (men 210.8 ± 31.7; 76.1 %, women 157.9 ± 83.7; 75.0 %; p > 0.05). The third ranking place is divided by diseases of the eye and its adnexa 200.0 ± 29.4; 12.2 % (men 192.8 ± 30.6; 11.9 %, women, 263.2 ± 101.0; 14.3 %; p > 0.05) and circulatory system diseases 200.0 ± 29,4; 12.2 % (men 174.7 ± 29.5; 10.8 %, women 421.1 ± 113.3; 22.9 %; p > 0.05). In the structure of diseases of non-professional genesis, the diseases of the first four ranking places, including respiratory diseases, make up 73.6 % (men 72.4 %, women 82.9 %). Conclusion: Among the diseases in persons with the intake of radionuclides through damaged skin are the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system, diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the eye and its appendage apparatus. In terms of frequency, they are inferior to diseases of the circulatory system and respiratory organs. As one of the solutions to the problem of registration in persons with signs of contamination of radionuclides of damaged skin in the framework of ICD-10, it is proposed to introduce code S61.2 as “Open wounds of wrist and hand with intake of radionuclides”.
Basic Approaches to the Extrapolation of Data of Animals to Human in Radiobiological Experiment
Authors: Ivanov I. , Ushakov I. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Substantiate the main directions of transferring experimental data from laboratory animals to humans.
Methods: The general patterns of the structure of the organism of animals and humans and the dynamics of the processes of their vital activity, including under the influence of various environmental factors, as well as the tendency of their approximation in the evolutionary series from lower mammals to humans are considered.
Results: The choice of criteria and methods for assessing the state of the human body and comparison with those in animals in simulated situations is systematized according to 3 main levels – physiological-biochemical, neuropsychological and social. Parameters of physiological reactions, clinical laboratory and biochemical parameters are assigned to level 1, parameters characterizing the functions of higher nervous activity, neurodynamic reactions, targeted actions and psychological manifestations to level 2, characteristics of interpersonal interactions to level 3. The types, tasks and methods of research that are carried out on small rodent animals (screening) and on larger animals from other mammalian orders that are closer in terms of evolutionary development and other parameters to humans (in-depth) are considered.
Conclusion: It is shown that when comparing the results of studies obtained in animal experiments and in human observations, it is important to use coefficients for the quantitative transfer of data from animals to humans, which require careful substantiation taking into account the interspecific characteristics of mammals and humans.
The Use of X-ray Computed Tomography to Assess the Intrathyroidal Iodine Concentration and its Storage in the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Tomashevskiy I. , Kurnikova I. , Sargar R. 
Published: August 2020

In this lecture, the need of using X-ray computed tomography (CT) to assess the intrathyroidal iodine concentration and its storage in the thyroid gland has being discussed. Due to the fact that 80 % of intrathyroidal iodine is located in the phenolic ring of thyroid hormones, which are structurally located in colloid-thyroglobulin follicles as a hormonal depot, the parameter of intrathyroidal iodine (PII) is an indicator of the stores of iodine-containing thyroid hormones directly in the organ. A decrease in intrathyroidal iodine indicates a significant functional impairment of storing thyroid hormones in the colloid of thyroglobulin of the thyroid follicles and is an early highly accurate prognostic sign of the formation of gland dysfunction. Due to the compensatory capabilities of the body, this dysfunction may appear late onset (for example, 2 months after detecting a decrease in intrathyroidal iodine). The most convenient and affordable method for determining intrathyroidal iodine is CT with two types of tomographs: 1) standard by which intrathyroidal iodine is determined by the density of the thyroid gland in Hounsfield units (HU); 2) tomographs with the option of assessing the concentration of intrathyroidal iodine (CII) in the most common units of measurement – mg/g or μg/g (used since 2016). If necessary, the conversion of some units of intrathyroidal iodine to others has the formula:
CII (in μg/g) = ([density in HU] – 65) / 104.
Based on the literature and our own research results, for the first time, we calculated the limits of normal intrathyroidal iodine fluctuations in euthyroid individuals, which are 85–140 HU units or 200–700 μg/g intrathyroidal iodine. Identification of the examined intrathyroidal iodine beyond the indicated fluctuations indicates the functional impairment of storing thyroid hormones, which ultimately will lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism (except when the patient is taking levothyroxine, mercazole, β-blockers – drugs that reduce intrathyroidal iodine).
For the first time, an algorithm is presented for differential diagnosis of iodine-deficient and iodine-induced thyroid dysfunctions, which can only be done using CT: if there is a functional impairment of the thyroid gland with intrathyroidal iodinelevel less than 85 units of HU or 200 μg/g CII, then it is considered iodine deficient; with intrathyroidal iodinelevel more than 140 units of HU or 700 μg/g of CII, it is considered iodine-induced.
The algorithm for the prevention of iodine-induced thyroid pathology with iodine prophylaxis is that iodine prophylaxis should not be prescribed or continued when intrathyroidal iodinelevel is 140 units of HU or 700 μg/g of CII or more.
Lessons for Health Service: the Chernobyl Accident and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bushmanov A. , Galstyan I. , Solov'ev V. , Konchalovsky M. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The article is devoted to the analysis of organizational measures to overcome the medical consequences of two large-scale events: the Chernobyl accident on 26.04.1986 and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results: A comparison of the causes, key factors, numbers affected and involved in these events persons, and the availability of the source of knowledge about the clinical picture, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, developing as a result of radiation exposure and the virus SARS-Cov-2. The article considers the availability of special medical institutions, the infectability of medical workers, the presence of long-term consequences for the health of victims and for the economy.
Conclusions: In the development of such catastrophic events, an important role should be played by 1) Timely and adequate information to the population. 2) It is necessary to have a sufficient number of beds that can be repurposed in accordance with the needs and provided with appropriate equipment to support the vital functions of the body. 3) Planned training of qualified medical personnel should be carried out. 4) It is necessary to have stocks of emergency drugs close to the institutions where it is possible to receive victims.
Radiation Treatment of Protective Overalls and Selection of Personal Protection Equipment for the Personnel Exposed to Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Samoylov A. , Udalov Yu. , Rubcov V. , Zinoviev V. , Olenina I. , Timoshenko A. , Andreev V. , Bushmanov A. , Belousov A. , Seleznev A. , Smirnov Yu. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: The article covers issues related to providing personal protection equipment (PPE) for medical staff exposed to coronavirus (or similar infection) in the face of global pandemic and insufficient supply of infectious hospitals with disposable overalls. As many polymeric materials used to make such overalls do not feature required thermal stability and consequently they cannot be treated with heat disinfection, radiation treatment of protective overalls with electron accelerators for the purpose of their reuse was considered. Due to rich experience in addressing the issues of providing high-efficient, physiologically acceptable PPE for the personnel of radiation and chemical hazardous facilities, in particular during Chernobyl nuclear disaster elimination, the Laboratory of PPE for the Personnel of Hazardous Production Facilities, Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, could extend methods of assessment and techniques of human protection against high-toxic substances to establishment of protection against microbiological threats.
Results: The article provides results of analysis and tests of materials for overalls and respiratory PPE currently in use. Based on the material tests for radiation stability, air permeability, liquid penetration and protective properties with respect to aerosols, recommendations for improvement of efficiency and comfort of the PPE suite have been developed.
Conclusion: The study showed feasibility of reusing overalls after radiation treatment. However, such treatment is appropriate only in periods of major emergencies during peacetime and wartime, when there are no production capabilities for manufacturing of new products. Location of the irradiation facility in the vicinity of consumers (e.g. medical institutions) is a prerequisite for this treatment. It should be emphasized that radiation treatment must be performed under strict supervision of accredited test facilities.
Further research is required for development and enhancement of PPE and system of its application. This will allow to make longtime wear of PPE more comfortable without sacrificing its protective efficiency and develop a manual on product-specific radiation treatment.
Clinical Frailty Scale is a good predictor of mortality after proximal femur fracture
Authors: Narula Siddarth , Lawless Adam , D’Alessandro Peter , Jones Christopher W. , Yates Piers , Seymour Hannah 
Published: August 2020

Aims A proximal femur fracture (PFF) is a common orthopaedic presentation, with an incidence of over 25,000 cases reported in the Australian and New Zealand Hip Fracture Registry (ANZHFR) in 2018. Hip fractures are known to have high mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in predicting 30-day and one-year mortality after a PFF in older patients. Methods A retrospective review of all fragility hip fractures who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the ANZHFR between 2017 and 2018 was undertaken at a single large volume tertiary hospital. There were 509 patients included in the study with one-year follow-up obtained in 502 cases. The CFS was applied retrospectively to patients according to their documented pre-morbid function and patients were stratified into five groups according to their frailty score. The groups were compared using t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the chi-squared test. The discriminative ability of the CFS to predict mortality was then compared with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification and the patient’s chronological age. Results A total of 38 patients were deceased at 30 days and 135 patients at one year. The 30-day mortality rate increased from 1.3% (CFS 1 to 3; 1/80) to 14.6% (CFS ≥ 7; 22/151), and the one-year mortality increased from 3.8% (CFS 1 to 3; 3/80) to 41.7% (CFS ≥ 7; 63/151). The CFS was demonstrated superior discriminative ability in predicting mortality after PFF (area under the curve (AUC) 0.699; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.651 to 0.747) when compared with the ASA (AUC 0.634; 95% CI 0.576 to 0.691) and chronological age groups (AUC 0.585; 95% CI 0.523 to 0.648). Conclusion The CFS demonstrated utility in predicting mortality after PFF fracture. The CFS can be easily performed by non-geriatricians and may help to reduce age related bias influencing surgical decision making. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-8:443–449.
Factors influencing the deployment of innovative (ict) facilities by construction organisations in port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Onyejeakor Hafex Ikemefuna , Eze Emmanuel Chidiebere , Onyeagam Onyealilam Peter , Adegboyega Adesoji Anthony 
Published: August 2020

Data management and exchange of information within contractor organization or between contractors and/or consultant or clients are facilitated through effective information and communication technologies (ICTs) facility provisions. Information exchange happens in real time and jobs made easier through the use of electronic devices. In spite of the huge data generation and information exchange needs of construction contractors, they are still faced with the challenge of adopting ICT in their daily transactions. Thus, this research set out to assess the factors influencing innovative ICT facilities deployment in contracting firms in Port Harcourt. The study adopted a survey approach, in which quantitative data were gathered from construction professionals within the study area, using of a well-structured questionnaire. With a response rate of 68.28%, the data gathered were analyzed using percentage and factor analysis. The study reveals that the factors influencing the deployment of ICT in construction are; Change related issues, Security related concerns, Human and management related Concerns, and Cost related Concerns. Key among these factors are satisfaction with existing method of working, inadequate trained ICT professionals, inadequate knowledge about return on ICT investment, virus attack, security breach and fear of piracy, and lack of legal support for use of ICT. It was recommended that government should put legislation in place to make it mandatory for construction firms to make ICT an integral part of their service delivery.
Efficiency in equipment import processes: UNIVASF's case
Authors: Bagagi Leone Coelho , Mendes Vera Lúcia Peixoto S. 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to describe and analyze the administrative flow of equipment import process at UNIVASF considering the principle of administrative efficiency. A qualitative single case study research was carried out, with a survey and analysis of actions, administrative acts developed into equipment import processes, from 2004 to 2014, to foster, and support scientific, technological and innovation research at UNIVASF. The results show that the principle of efficiency, a promise of the new managerialism, does not resonate with the evidences pointed out in this research, due to the higher time spent to perform the phases, especially the fiscal one, due to obstacles in the administrative and legal systems.
Hot Mixture Performances of Bituminous Binders Modified with Soybean Oil
Authors: Saltan Mehmet , Kaçaroğlu Gizem , Karadağ Öznur 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effects of the usage of soybean oil on bituminous binder properties have been examined and the hot mixture performances of binders modified with soybean oil have been evaluated differently from the studies in the literature. Modification of bitumen with soybean oil was carried out at 1 %, 2 % and 3 % additive ratios, at 160°C temperature, using a mixing speed of 2,000 rpm for 60 minutes. Conventional bitumen tests and adhesion and stripping tests were applied on both reference binder and bituminous binders modified with soybean oil. In addition, optimum bitumen contents, indirect tensile strengths, and moisture susceptibilities of hot mix asphalt samples prepared with bituminous binders modified with soybean oil have been determined by using the Superpave Volumetric Mix Design. According to the results, the consistency and viscosity of the binders decreased as the amount of soybean oil added to the bituminous binder increased. In addition, while the maximum indirect tensile strength was achieved for the 1 % soybean oil additive, an increase in resistance to moisture susceptibility was observed for all additive ratios.
Cavitation Erosion Characteristics of High Bulk Modulus Oils: Preliminary Evaluation Experiment for Hydraulic Equipment
Authors: Kazama Toshiharu , Aoki Shinji , Kobessho Masahiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A high bulk modulus oil, which promises to enhance the responsibility and efficiency of hydraulic systems, has been developed because of high pressure operation. Although cavitation erosion in the hydraulic components is a serious concern, the phenomena and behaviors of the oils for the erosion have not been examined. This report investigates the characteristics of cavitation erosion caused by a cavitating jet in terms of high bulk modulus oils produced with different compounding agents and molecular weights and mineral oils prepared as a reference. The experiment was conducted in a test rig, applying the jet-cavitation method under an upstream absolute pressure of 10.1 MPa. The diameter and thickness of the aluminum alloy specimens were 15 and 5 mm, respectively. The mass loss was maximized at a specific standoff distance, and the surface erosion was ring-like, as previously reported for general hydraulic oils and municipal water. The mass losses in the high bulk modulus oils and mineral oils increased with increasing liquid temperature and decreasing cavitation number under the test conditions. Although the erosion is intrinsically enhanced because of the high bulk modulus oils with high density, the erosion can be reduced by adding high molecular-weight polymer.
Genome-Wide Screen for Context-Dependent Tumor Suppressors Identified Using in Vivo Models for Neoplasia in Drosophila
Authors: Groth Casper , Vaid Pooja , Khatpe Aditi , Prashali Nelchi , Ahiya Avantika , Andrejeva Diana , Chakladar Madhumita , Nagarkar Sanket , Paul Rachel , Kelkar Devaki , Eichenlaub Teresa , Herranz Hector , Sridhar TS , Cohen Stephen M , Shashidhara LS 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Genetic approaches in Drosophila have successfully identified many genes involved in regulation of growth control as well as genetic interactions relevant to the initiation and progression of cancer in vivo. Here, we report on large-scale RNAi-based screens to identify potential tumor suppressor genes that interact with known cancer-drivers: the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and the Hippo pathway transcriptional cofactor Yorkie. These screens were designed to identify genes whose depletion drove tissue expressing EGFR or Yki from a state of benign overgrowth into neoplastic transformation in vivo. We also report on an independent screen aimed to identify genes whose depletion suppressed formation of neoplastic tumors in an existing EGFR-dependent neoplasia model. Many of the positives identified here are known to be functional in growth control pathways. We also find a number of novel connections to Yki and EGFR driven tissue growth, mostly unique to one of the two. Thus, resources provided here would be useful to all researchers who study negative regulators of growth during development and cancer in the context of activated EGFR and/or Yki and positive regulators of growth in the context of activated EGFR. Resources reported here are available freely for anyone to use.