bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistin concentrations in serum and stifle synovial fluid from normal and cruciate deficient dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Kleine Stephanie A. , Gogal Robert M. , Krunkosky Thomas M. , Sanderson Sherry L. , George Clinton , Norton Megan , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare synovial fluid (SF) resistin concentrations in healthy dogs to dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) injury and to correlate resistin concentrations with body condition score (BCS) and evaluate resistin release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and adipocytes.Study designControlled, prospective, clinical studyAnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned dogs, 13 healthy and 26 with secondary OA, were enrolled. Blood was collected from six healthy purpose‐bred dogs for PBMC culture. An additional six mixed‐breed dogs were used for adipocyte collection and culture.MethodsResistin concentrations were measured with a canine‐specific enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay. Resistin was compared between healthy SF and OA SF with Student's t test. Correlation of resistin concentrations to BCS was performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipocytes were cultured under three conditions: negative control, lipopolysaccharide, and concanavalin A (Con A). A linear mixed model was used to determine differences in resistin concentrations among treatments.ResultsResistin concentrations in OA SF were comparable to healthy SF. Neither serum nor SF resistin was correlated with BCS. Cultured PBMC stimulated with Con A released resistin, while adipocytes did not.ConclusionNeither serum nor SF resistin were altered in dogs with OA secondary to CrCL insufficiency. In addition, resistin was not correlated with canine body fat and did not appear to function as adipocytokine in the dog.Clinical significanceResistin may not be involved in the pathogenesis of OA. However, resistin may be important in inflammation because it is released from inflammatory cells.
Inhibition of nucleation and crystal growth of calcium carbonate in hard waters using Paronychia arabica in an arid desert region
Authors: Karar Amina , Henni Abdellah , Namoune Farid , Rosei Federico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe formation of CaCO3 of groundwater has important implications in the industry. Many conventional scale inhibitors are considered environmentally unfriendly. In this study, we investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Paronychia arabica (PA) as new green antiscalant agents on the precipitation of CaCO3 in an arid desert region. The antiscaling properties of these extracts towards CaCO3 formation were tested using chronoamperometry (CA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Fast Controlled Precipitation methods. Electrochemical and chemical analysis of Mkhadma groundwater shows a high calcium concentration and the deposit is a pure calcite. The nucleation and formation time were identified. At 32°C, a complete scaling inhibition was obtained using a concentration of 150 mg/L of green extract. The scale inhibitor effect was analysed by an optical microscopic examination.
Application of microalgae cultivated on pine bark for the treatment of municipal wastewater in cylindrical photobioreactors
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz , Charazińska Sylwia , Pulikowski Krzysztof , Wiercik Paweł 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe presented study concerns the efficiency of removing nutrients, organic compounds and metal cations from municipal sewage by a cylindrical photobioreactor (PBR) with the biomass of microalgae growing on pine bark. The study was conducted in two cylindrical PBRs fed with municipal wastewater for 42 days. PBRs were internally illuminated with red and blue light at night. The sewage was additionally enriched in CO2 and CaCO3. The concentration of NH4+, NO32−, PO43−, metal cations and organic carbon (TOC) was determined in the treated sewage. The results indicated that the development of algal‐bacterial biofilm contributed to the reduction of NH4+ (>99%), PO43− (96–99%) and TOC (71–77%) concentrations. Amongst the metal cations, the highest reduction of concentration was noted for Cu, K, Mn, Zn and Fe. Immobilisation of algae on pine bark is an effective method of wastewater treatment in PBR and supports the separation of proliferated biomass.
Recent Advancements in Machining With Abrasives
Authors: Guo Changsheng , Shi Zhongde , Mullany Brigid , Linke Barbara , Yamaguchi Hitomi , Chaudhari Rahul , Hucker Scott , Shih Albert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the recent advancements and forthcoming challenges for abrasive machining with specific focus on the advancement of industrial applications. The most significant advancement of abrasive machining is in grinding applications of cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasive. The advancement of CBN wheels, application of grinding models and simulation tools, development of high stiffness multi-axis grinding machines, and high-speed spindles have contributed to the growing industrial applications of grinding with plated and vitrified CBN wheels. Sustainability of abrasive machining also received more attention during the past two decades as global Fortune 500 corporations have included sustainability as a corporate goal. Abrasive machining will continue to be a critical process for manufacturing precision components in the decades to come. The advancement and adoption of additive manufacturing creates more unique challenges for abrasive machining of complex geometrical features which were impossible a few years ago. Furthermore, strategies for abrasive machining are needed to utilize the massive amount of process data available by connected factories. Therefore, it is expected that sustainability and data analytics for abrasive machining will become a more important focus for various manufacturers.
Uncertainty Quantification of Stochastic Impact Dynamic Oscillator Using a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-Polynomial Chaos Expansion Technique
Authors: Bhattacharyya Biswarup , Jacquelin Eric , Brizard Denis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-based polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is utilized in this article for the uncertainty quantification (UQ) of an impact dynamic oscillator. The time-dependent nonsmooth behavior and the uncertainties are decoupled using the POD approach. The uncertain response domain is reduced using the POD approach, and the dominant POD modes are utilized for the UQ of the response quantity. Furthermore, the PCE model is utilized for the propagation of the input uncertainties. Two different cases of impact oscillator are considered, namely, single impact and multiple impact. The contact between two bodies is modeled by Hertz’s law. For both the cases, UQ is performed on the projectile displacement, projectile velocity, and contact force. A highly nonsmooth behavior is noticed for the contact force. For that reason, most number of POD modes are required to assess the UQ of contact force. All the results are compared with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and time domain PCE results. Very good accuracies are observed for the PCE and the POD-PCE predicted results using much less number of model evaluations compared to MCS. As the PCE coefficients are dependent on time, the PCE model is computed at each time step. On the contrary, for the POD-PCE model, the PCE coefficients are computed for the number of POD modes only: it is much less than the PCE model.
A Surface Energy Density-Based Theory of Nanoelastic Dynamics and Its Application in the Scattering of P-Wave by a Cylindrical Nanocavity
Authors: Jia Ning , Peng Zhilong , Yao Yin , Chen Shaohua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe scattering of elastic waves in nanoporous materials is inevitably influenced by the surface effect of nanopores. In order to investigate such a dynamic problem with surface effect of nanomaterials, a new theory of nanoelastic dynamics is proposed, in which both the effect of surface free energy and the effect of surface inertia force are included. With the new theory, a scattering of plane compressional waves (P-wave) by a cylindrical nanocavity is analyzed, and the corresponding dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the nanocavity is analytically solved. It is found that, when the size of cavity is at a nanoscale, the surface energy effect leads to a reduction of the maximum DSCF comparing with the classical counterpart without surface effect, while the surface inertial effect enlarges the maximum DSCF. The surface inertial effect gradually becomes dominant over the surface energy effect with an increasing incident wave frequency. Although both kinds of surface effects tend to vanish with an increasing cavity radius, the surface inertial effect can exist in a submicron-sized cavity if the wave frequency is sufficiently high. All these results should be of guiding value not only for an optimal design of porous structure possessing a better dynamic load bearing capacity but also for the non-destructive detection of nano-defects.
Thermal Performance Analysis and Heat Transfer Enhancement Study in an Antminer Mining Machine
Authors: Chu Wen-Xiao , Chang Yao-Wen , Hu Yi-Yu , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the thermal performance of an AntMiner mining machine containing 189 chips on three printed circuit board (PCBs) is experimentally studied. The numerical method is applied to analyze the local airflow and thermal distribution alongside the flow direction and shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Some hot-spot regions are identified where chips might suffer under high-temperature operating condition. Meanwhile, the highly compact arrangement may result in pronounced bypass and jeopardize the thermal performance of the mining machine rapidly; thereby, the airflow management strategy for such confined compartment is implemented. The result shows that the flowrate distribution can be notably improved. Although the total flowrate is slightly reduced by 4.4%, the maximum chip temperature on three PCBs can be reduced by 3.2 °C, 3.5 °C, and 3.0 °C, and the corresponding improvement on thermal performance reaches 13.3%, 15.6%, and 13.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum temperature of the downstream chips will be reduced by 2.5 °C when incorporating the “partial bypass” design by the removal of 12 backside heat sinks. The corresponding heat transfer performance is improved by 8.9–13.9%.
Experimental and Computational Methods for the Evaluation of Double-Wall, Effusion Cooling Systems
Authors: Murray Alexander V. , Ireland Peter T. , Romero Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Further improvements in gas turbine efficiency can be sought through more advanced cooling systems—such as the double-wall, effusion system—which provide high cooling effectiveness with low coolant utilization. The double-wall system, as described here, comprises two walls: one with a regular array of impingement holes and the other with a closely packed, regular array of film holes (characteristic of effusion systems). These walls are mechanically and thermally connected via a bank of pedestals which increase coolant wetted area and turbulent flow features. However, a lack of data exists in the open literature on these systems. This study presents a novel experimental heat transfer facility designed with the intent of investigating flat plate versions of such double-wall geometries. Key features of the facility are presented including the use of recirculation to increase the mainstream-to-coolant temperature ratio and the use of infrared thermography to obtain thermal measurements. Some rig commissioning characteristics are also provided which demonstrate well-conditioned, uniform flow. Both coolant and mainstream Reynolds numbers are matched to engine conditions, with the Biot number within around 15% of engine conditions. The facility is used to assess the cooling performance of four double-wall effusion geometries which incorporate various geometrical features. Both overall effectiveness and film effectiveness measurements are presented at a range of coolant mass flows with conclusions drawn as to preferable features from a cooling perspective. The results from a fully conjugate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the facility are presented which utilized boundary conditions obtained during experimental runs. Additionally, a computationally efficient decoupled conjugate method developed previously by the authors was adapted to assess the experimental geometries with the results comparing favorably.
Forced Convection Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Architected and Three-Dimensional Printable Heat Sinks Based on Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces
Authors: Al-Ketan Oraib , Ali Mohamed , Khalil Mohamad , Rowshan Reza , Khan Kamran A. , Abu Al-Rub Rashid K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The drive for small and compact electronic components with higher processing capabilities is limited by their ability to dissipate the associated heat generated during operations, and hence, more advanced heat sink designs are required. Recently, the emergence of additive manufacturing techniques facilitated the fabrication of complex structures and overcame the limitation of traditional techniques such as milling, drilling, and casting. Therefore, complex heat sink designs are now easily realizable. In this study, we propose a design procedure for mathematically realizable architected heat sinks and investigate their performance using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The proposed heat sinks are mathematically designed with topologies based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs). Three-dimensional CFD models are developed using the starccm+ platform for uniform heat sinks and topologically graded heat sinks to study the heat transfer performance in forced convection domains. The overall heat transfer coefficient, surface temperature, and pressure drop versus the input heat sources as well as the Reynolds number are used to evaluate the heat sink performance. Moreover, temperature contours and velocity streamlines were examined to analyze the fluid flow behavior within the heat sinks. Results showed that the tortuosity and channel complexity of the Diamond solid-networks heat sink result in a 32% increase in convective heat transfer coefficient compared with the Gyroid solid-network heat sink which has the comparable surface area under the examined flow conditions. This increase is at the expense of increased pressure drops which increases by the same percentage. In addition, it was found that expanding channel size along flow direction using the porosity grading approach results in significant pressure drop (27.6%), while the corresponding drop in convective heat transfer is less significant (15.7%). These results show the importance of employing functional grading in the design of heat sinks. Also, the manufacturability of the proposed designs was assessed using computerized tomography (CT) scan and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging performed on metallic samples fabricated using powder bed fusion techniques. A visible number of internal manufacturing defects can affect the performance of the proposed heat sinks.
Challenges Associated With Replicating Rotor Blade Deposition in a Non-Rotating Annular Cascade
Authors: Bowen Christopher P. , Ameri Ali , Bons Jeffrey P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A computational analysis is performed to determine if particulate impact events on the external surfaces of gas turbine engine rotor blades can be faithfully replicated in an experimental rotor cascade. The general electric (GE) energy efficient engine (E3) first-stage turbine flow-field at cruise conditions is first solved using a steady-state explicit mixing plane (MP) approach. To model flow in the cascade, a single E3 rotor periodic domain is then constructed with an inlet section matching the relative flow incidence angle from the mixing plane calculation. The mass-averaged relative flow conditions at the inlet and outlet of the mixing plane rotor section are imposed on the cascade boundaries and a steady solution is found. Particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 25 µm are tracked through each domain and the OSU deposition model is implemented to dictate the sticking and rebounding action of particles impacting solid surfaces. It is discovered that both the locations and parameters of the impacts in the cascade vary significantly from the engine environment. For smaller particles, this is credited to a stronger upstream influence of the blade on the cascade flow-field. As size increases, differences in deposition are instead driven by the interaction of the full-stage vane with the particles. The lack of a vane in the cascade causes drastically different particle inlet vectors over the rotor than are seen in the engine setting. The radial differences of particle impact locations are explored, and the role that pressure plays is considered.
Corner Stall Prediction in a Compressor Linear Cascade Using Very Large Eddy Simulation Lattice-Boltzmann Method
Authors: Maros Antoine , Bonnal Benoît , Gonzalez-Martino Ignacio , Kopriva James , Polidoro Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCompressor corner stall is a phenomenon difficult to predict with numerical tools but essential to the design of axial compressors. Predictive methods are beneficial early in the design process to understand design and off-design limitations. Prior numerical work using Navier–Stokes computational methods has assessed the prediction capability for corner stall. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations using several turbulence models have shown to over-predict the region of corner hub stall where large eddy simulations (LES) and detached eddy simulations (DES) approaches improved the airfoil surface and wake pressure loss prediction. A linear compressor cascade designed and tested at Ecole Centrale de Lyon provides a good benchmark for the evaluation of the accuracy of numerical methods for corner stall. This paper presents results obtained with Lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) coupled with very large-eddy simulations (VLES) approach of PowerFLOW and compares them with the experimental and numerical work from Ecole Centrale de Lyon. The ability to achieve equivalent accuracy at a lower computational cost compared to LES scale resolving methods can enable multi-stage design and off-design compressor predictions. A methodical approach is taken by first accurately simulating the upstream flow conditions. Geometric trips are modeled upstream on the endwalls to match both the mean and fluctuating inflow boundary layer conditions. These conditions were then applied to the simulation of the linear compressor cascade. The benchline experimental study includes trips on both the pressure and suction of the airfoil. These trips are also included for the current simulation. The significance of capturing both inflow conditions and including trips on the airfoil is assessed. Detailed comparisons are then made to airfoil loading and downstream losses between experiment and previous RANS and LES simulations. LBM-VLES corner stall results of pitchwise averaged total pressure match LES agreement relative to experimental data at 50 times lower computational cost.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Polypharmacy Among Brazilian Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Bielemann Renata M. , Silveira Marysabel P.T. , Lutz Bárbara H. , Miranda Vanessa I.A. , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Brage Soren , Ekelund Ulf , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso 
Published: May 2020

Background: Previous observations regarding association between physical activity (PA) and use of medicines among older adults are derived from self-reported PA. This study aimed to evaluate the association between objectively measured PA and polypharmacy among older adults with multimorbidity in Southern Brazil.Methods: This study included 875 noninstitutionalized older people, aged ≥60 years. Prescribed medicines used in the 15 days prior to the interview, socioeconomic data, and the presence of comorbidities were self-reported. Accelerometers were used to evaluate PA following the interview.Results: Prevalence of polypharmacy (≥5 medicines) was 38.3% (95% confidence interval, 35.0–41.5); those belonging to the lowest tertile of PA used more medicines. The authors observed a significant inverse association for polypharmacy between men belonging to the second and third tertiles of PA for objectively measured overall PA and light PA compared with the most inactive tertile. For women, the association between PA and polypharmacy was significant for overall, light, and moderate to vigorous PA only in the third tertile.Conclusions: Overall, light and moderate to vigorous PA were inversely associated to polypharmacy and differed by gender. Promotion of PA in older adults may be an effective intervention to reduce the number of medicines used independent of the number of comorbidities.
We Are the Champions, But How Do We Respond? Savoring and Dampening in Response to Championship Victories Among Passionate Sports Fans
Authors: Schellenberg Benjamin J.I. , Verner-Filion Jérémie , Gaudreau Patrick 
Published: May 2020

The aim of this research was to test if the ways passionate sport fans respond immediately after an important team victory depend on the extent to which passion is harmonious or obsessive. Fans of Liverpool F.C. (n = 299) and the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (n = 334) completed online surveys shortly after their teams had won an important championship game. Fans answered questions assessing passion and the extent to which they engaged in savoring (i.e., attempting to maintain, augment, or prolong positive emotions) and dampening (i.e., attempting to stifle positive emotions) after the victory. In both samples, the authors found that both harmonious and obsessive passion predicted greater savoring, but only obsessive passion predicted greater dampening. These findings build on previous research and suggest an additional reason for which harmonious and obsessive passion among sport fans tend to predict more and less adaptive outcomes, respectively.
Stroboscopic Vision as a Dynamic Sensory Reweighting Alternative to the Sensory Organization Test
Authors: Kim Kyung-Min , Kim Joo-Sung , Oh Jeonghoon , Grooms Dustin R. 
Published: May 2020

Context: The sensory organization test (SOT) is a standard for quantifying sensory dependence via sway-referenced conditions (sway-referenced support and sway-referenced vision [SRV]). However, the SOT is limited to expensive equipment. Thus, a practical version of the SOT is more commonly employed—the clinical test for sensory integration in balance; however, it fails to induce postural instability to the level of SRV. Objective: Determine if Stroboscopic vision (SV), characterized by intermittent visual blocking, may provide an alternative to the SRV for assessing postural stability. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: Eighteen participants (9 males, 9 females; age = 22.1 [2.1] y, height = 169.8 [8.5] cm, weight = 66.5 [10.6] kg). Intervention: Participants completed the SOT conditions, and then repeated SOT conditions 2 and 5 with SV created by specialized eyewear. Main Outcome Measures: A repeated-measures analysis of variance was completed on the time-to-boundary metrics of center-of-pressure excursion in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions in order to determine the difference between the full-vision, SV, and SRV conditions. Results: Postural stability with either SRV or SV was significantly worse than with full vision (P < .05), with no significant difference between SV and SRV (P > .05). Limits of agreement analysis revealed similar effects of SV and SRV except for unstable surface mediolateral time-to-boundary. Conclusions: In general, SV was found to induce a degree of postural instability similar to that induced by SRV, indicating that SV could be a portable and relatively inexpensive alternative for the assessment of sensory dependence and reweighting.