bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Analysis of the Performance of WRF and NICAM in a Hyperarid Environment
Authors: Fonseca Ricardo , Temimi Marouane , Thota Mohan Satyanarayana , Nelli Narendra Reddy , Weston Michael John , Suzuki Kentaroh , Uchida Junya , Kumar Kondapalli Niranjan , Branch Oliver , Wehbe Youssef , Al Hosari Taha , Al Shamsi Noor , Shalaby Abdeltawab 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) are forced with the Global Forecast System (GFS) data and run over the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for two 4-day periods: one in the cold season (16–18 December 2017) and another in the warm season (13–15 April 2018). The models’ performance is evaluated against four observational datasets: weather station observations, eddy-covariance flux measurements at Al Ain, microwave radiometer–derived temperature profile, and twice-daily radiosonde measurements at Abu Dhabi. An overestimation of the daily mean air temperature by 1°–3°C is noticed for both models and periods. This warm bias is attributed to the reduced cloud cover and resulting increased surface downward shortwave radiation flux. A comparison with the eddy-covariance data suggested that both models also underestimate the observed albedo. However, when the models predict heavier amounts of precipitation, they tend to be colder than observations, typically by 2°–3°C. NICAM and WRF overpredict the strength of the near-surface wind speed at all weather stations by roughly 1–3 m s−1, which has been attributed to a poor representation of its subgrid-scale fluctuations and surface drag parameterization. WRF tends to be wetter and NICAM drier than the station observations, possibly because of differences in the cloud microphysics schemes. While the performance of both models for the near-surface fields is comparable, NICAM outperforms WRF in the simulation of vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, being able to partially correct some of the biases in the GFS data.
Analysis of Human–Exoskeleton System Interaction for Ergonomic Design
Authors: Wang Yilin , Qiu Jing , Cheng Hong , Zheng Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2020

Objective Lower-limb exoskeleton systems are defined as gait training or walking-assisting devices for spinal cord injury or hemiplegic patients. Crutches, straps, and baffles are designed to protect subjects from falling. However, skin abrasions occur when the interaction forces are too large. In this study, the interaction forces between the human body and an exoskeleton system named the AIDER were measured to confirm whether the design was ergonomic. Background The AIDER system is a wearable lower-limb exoskeleton. It secures a subject by binding on the waist, thighs, shanks, and feet. Method Eight healthy subjects participated in the study. The interaction forces of the waist strap, thigh baffles, shank baffles, and crutch handles were measured by pressure sensors. Ten repetitions were completed in this study. After one repetition, custom comfort questionnaires were completed by the subjects. Results Although a few of the peak values of the maximum intensities of pressure between the hands and crutch handles reached the minimum value of the pain–pressure threshold (PPT), the average pressure intensities were much smaller than the PPT value. Conclusions The results indicated that the mechanical structure and control strategy of the AIDER must be improved to be more ergonomic in the future.
The Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Elderly Patients: A Single United Kingdom Center Experience
Authors: Amin Nikul , Wong Gentle , Nunn Terry , Jiang Dan , Pai Irumee 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: The average life expectancy in the United Kingdom is currently nearly 80 years for a newborn baby with nearly 15% of the population, by 2040, being >75 years old. Hearing impairment is a common disability in the elderly individual, and there have been significant drives to support this population to lead longer and healthier working lives. We aimed to assess the long-term audiological and health-related quality-of-life benefits of cochlear implants (CI) in elderly individuals. Methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional study of patients who received a CI at ≥70 years. Data extracted included speech perception scores, adverse events, telephone use, and patient-reported outcome measures using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory questionnaire with a minimum of 12 months follow-up. Results: Sixty-four patients aged ≥70 years received a unilateral CI. A significant improvement in speech perception scores in all conditions was noted with no significant difference between differing age groups. Glasgow Benefit Inventory scores showed a significant positive impact on patients’ lives and their health status, with no significant difference between the differing age groups. Conclusions: Cochlear implantation is a safe and well-tolerated procedure in the elderly patients with significant improvements observed in audiological performance, health status, and social interactions.
Maxillary Frenulum in Newborns: Association with Breastfeeding
Authors: Razdan Reena , Callaham Sarah , Saggio Renee , Chafin Mary , Carr Michele M. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo relate maxillary and lingual frenulum configuration to breastfeeding success.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingNewborn nursery in tertiary care academic hospital.Subjects and MethodsNewborns were observed between 24 and 72 hours after birth. Mothers were asked a series of questions relating to their breastfeeding experience. The maxillary and lingual frenula were examined and scored. Corresponding LATCH scores were recorded.ResultsA total of 161 mothers with newborns participated. The mean gestational age of newborns was 38.81 weeks (95% CI, 38.65‐38.98); 82 (50.9%) male and 79 (49.1%) female newborns were included. In sum, 70.8% had the maxillary frenulum attached to the edge of the alveolar ridge; 28.6%, attached to the fixed gingiva; and 0.6%, attached to mobile gingiva. In addition, 3.7% had anterior ankyloglossia, and 96.3% had no obvious anterior ankyloglossia. There was no significant correlation between maxillary frenulum scores or lingual frenulum scores and LATCH scores (P >. 05). Of the mothers included in the study, 56.5% were first‐time mothers. Overall, 43.5% of the mothers had other biological children, with 70.0% of those mothers having previously breastfed. Experienced mothers who had breastfed for >3 months had significantly higher LATCH scores. Those who had previously breastfed had a mean LATCH score of 9.16 (95% CI, 8.80‐9.52), as compared with those who had not, with a mean of 8.14 (95% CI, 7.43‐8.85).ConclusionWe did not find that maxillary frenulum configuration correlated with LATCH scores. Mothers experienced with breastfeeding had better LATCH scores. Attention toward breastfeeding education, particularly in new mothers, should precede maxillary frenotomy in neonates with breastfeeding difficulties.
Clinical Implementation of a Parent Questionnaire to Identify Seizures in High-Risk Children
Authors: Greenlaw Celia , Nuss Sarah , Camayd-Muñoz Cristina , Jonas Rinat , Rollins Julie Vanier , Cabral Howard , Douglass Laurie M. 
Published: March 2020

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a parent-completed questionnaire for detecting seizures in high-risk children. Methods: A 2-part seizure screen for children up to 12 years of age with suspected autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, or seizure, was implemented in 12 Massachusetts clinics serving populations with high health disparities. Primary care providers and developmental behavioral pediatricians administered part 1, a brief highly sensitive screen. If the result was positive, a research assistant administered part 2, a more detailed screen with higher specificity. Positive part 2 results prompted a specialized assessment by a pediatric neurologist. Screening data were evaluated for detection of seizures or other diagnoses, reason for conducting the screen, and appointment outcomes. Data analysis included chi-squared tests, percentages for categorical variables, and means for numerical data. Results: Of 207 administered seizure questionnaires, 78% of children screened positive on part 1. Of those, 94% of families completed part 2 by telephone, and 64 individuals screened positive. The screen helped to detect 15 new seizure diagnoses and 35 other neurologic diagnoses. Average time to first scheduled appointment was 23.8 days. The no-show rate was 7%. Conclusions: The seizure questionnaire effectively identified seizures and other disorders in a diverse population of high-risk children. Broader use of this low-cost screening tool could improve access to care for children with suspected seizures, increase seizure recognition, and help allocate resources more effectively.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Chinese Children With Orofacial Cleft
Authors: Lin Jiu , Fang Xinyi , Ha Pin , Fu Min , Wang Hang 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To measure the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) and to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) with regard to gender, age, and cleft types in Chinese children with orofacial cleft (OFC). Design: A total of 120 patients with OFC (8-15 years old) and their parents were investigated with COHIP in the West China Hospital of Stomatology. Items were divided into oral symptoms, functional well-being, emotional well-being, school, and peer interaction subscales, and scores on all subscales were compared between and within groups. Results: The internal consistency measured by Cronbach α was satisfactory in children’s sample (0.85) and parents’ sample (0.90). The correlation between children’s and parents’ questionnaires was moderate to weak (Pearson r = 0.34), which was also supported by moderate intraclass correlation coefficients. The OHRQoL of children differed significantly from parents on the overall COHIP, functional well-being, emotional well-being, and school subscales. Older children had poor OHRQoL, functional well-being, and emotional well-being. Girls had poor emotional well-being. Children with cleft lip and palate and cleft palate performed worse on the overall COHIP, functional well-being, and school subscales. Parents, boys, and younger children had better treatment expectations and global health perceptions. Conclusion: The Chinese version of COHIP is a reliable and valid tool to assess OHRQoL in Chinese children with OFC. Parents’ reports could not replace children’s answers but add complementary information. Children’s gender, age, and cleft types should be considered in OHRQoL assessment and individual treatment plan.
Recurrence of Ameloblastic Fibro-Odontoma in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Guerra Raphael Capelli , Carvalho Pedro Henrique de Azambuja , Thieringer Florian Markus , Pereira Rodrigo Santos , Hochuli-Vieira Eduardo 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: A young boy presented with mandibular swelling at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Hospital Leforte, São Paulo, Brazil. Radiography showed a mixed bone lesion. Computed tomography (CT) findings were compatible with ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO). Case Report: An excisional biopsy was performed under general anesthesia. At the 6-year follow-up, local inflammation and mild exudates were found. Local recurrence of the lesion was observed on CT. Therefore, excision and curettage were performed. No signs of recurrence have been detected to date. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma is a rare benign neoplasm most commonly occurring in the first decade of life, with minimal probability of malignancy. Conclusion: Clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings aid in the diagnosis, and long-term follow-up is necessary as recurrence can develop even after 6 postoperative years.
Gilteritinib: potent targeting of FLT3 mutations in AML
Authors: Levis Mark , Perl Alexander E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3)–activating mutations as genetic drivers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), investigators have tried to develop tyrosine kinase inhibitors that could effectively target FLT3 and alter the disease trajectory. Giltertinib (formerly known as ASP2215) is a novel compound that entered the field late, but moved through the developmental process with remarkable speed. In many ways, this drug’s rapid development was facilitated by the large body of knowledge gained over the years from efforts to develop other FLT3 inhibitors. Single-agent gilteritinib, a potent and selective oral FLT3 inhibitor, improved the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutated AML compared with standard chemotherapy. This continues to validate the approach of targeting FLT3 itself and establishes a new backbone for testing combination regimens. This review will frame the preclinical and clinical development of gilteritinib in the context of the lessons learned from its predecessors.
Voluntary disclosures and peer-to-peer lending decisions: Evidence from the repeated game
Authors: Li Yan , Li Cungang , Gao Yijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of voluntary disclosures on lending decisions in the repeated game. Using a unique dataset from a peer-to-peer lending platform, “ppdai” (paipaidai), we document that voluntary disclosures in the repeated game play a stronger role in promoting funding success than those in the one-shot game. We argue that voluntary disclosures improve the bidding activity in the repeated game through which they increase funding success. In addition, the greater impact of voluntary disclosures on funding success in the repeated game only holds for loans without a personal guarantee attribution. Our extended results suggest that the subjective voluntary disclosures in the repeated game have greater information content only when borrowers have a successful borrowing experience. We also point out that voluntary disclosures in the repeated game are associated with a lower probability of default. Our results are robust to the Heckman two-step estimation that addresses the self-selection effect and a specification designed to rule out the alternative explanation from reputation in the repeated game. Our study provides new insights into the real effects of costless, voluntary and unverifiable disclosures on lending decisions.
Effects of Hypericum scabrum extract on dentate gyrus synaptic plasticity in high fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Omidi Ghazaleh , Rezvani-Kamran Arezoo , Ganji Ahmad , Komaki Somayeh , Etaee Farshid , Asadbegi Masoumeh , Komaki Alireza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh-fat diet (HFD) can induce deficits in neural function, oxidative stress, and decrease hippocampal neurogenesis. Hypericum (H.) scabrum extract (Ext) contains compounds that could treat neurological disorders. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective impacts of the H. scabrum Ext on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats that were fed HFD. Fifty-four male Wistar rats (220 ± 10 g) were randomly arranged in six groups: (1) HFD group; (2) HFD + Ext300 group; (3) HFD + Ext100 group; (4) Control group; (5) Ext 300 mg/kg group; (6) Ext 100 mg/kg group. These protocols were administrated for 3 months. After this stage, a stimulating electrode was implanted in the perforant pathway (PP), and a bipolar recording electrode was embedded into the dentate gyrus (DG). Long-term potentiation (LTP) was provoked by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the PP. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) and population spikes (PS) were recorded at 5, 30, and 60 min after HFS. The HFD group exhibited a large and significant decrease in their PS amplitude and EPSP slope as compared to the control and extract groups. In reverse, H. scabrum administration in the HFD + Ext rats reversed the effect of HFD on the PS amplitude and EPSP slope. The results of the study support that H. scabrum Ext can inhibit diminished synaptic plasticity caused by the HFD. These effects are probably due to the extreme antioxidant impacts of the Ext and its capability to scavenge free radicals.
Experimental rat model for acute tubular injury induced by high water hardness and high water fluoride: efficacy of primary preventive intervention by distilled water administration
Authors: Perera Thanusha , Ranasinghe Shirani , Alles Neil , Waduge Roshitha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh water hardness associated with high water fluoride and the geographical distribution of Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka are well correlated. We undertook this study to observe the effects of high water hardness with high fluoride on kidney and liver in rats and efficacy of distilled water in reducing the effects.MethodsTest water sample with high water hardness and high fluoride was collected from Mihinthale region and normal water samples were collected from Kandy region. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 8 groups and water samples were introduced as follows as daily water supply. Four groups received normal water for 60 (N1) and 90 (N2) days and test water for 60 (T1) and 90 (T2) days. Other four groups received normal (N3) and test (T3) water for 60 days and followed by distilled water for additional 60 days and normal (N4) and test (T4) water for 90 days followed by distilled water for another 90 days. The rats were sacrificed following treatment. Serum samples were subjected to biochemical tests; serum creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and elemental analysis. Histopathological examinations were carried out using kidney and liver samples.ResultsTest water treated groups were associated with acute tubular injury with loss of brush border and test water followed with distilled water treated groups maintained a better morphology with minimal loss of brush border. Serum creatinine levels in T1 and T2 groups and urea level in T2 group were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared to control groups. After administration of distilled water, both parameters were significantly reduced in T4 group (p < 0.05) compared to T2. Serum AST activity was increased in T4 group (p < 0.05) compared to control group with no histopathological changes in liver tissues. The serum sodium levels were found to be much higher compared to the other electrolytes in test groups.ConclusionHard water with high fluoride content resulted in acute tubular injury with a significant increase in serum levels of creatinine, urea and AST activity. These alterations were minimized by administering distilled water.
The epidemiology and management of stroke in French Guiana
Authors: Rochemont Dévi Rita , Mimeau Emmanuelle , Misslin-Tritsch Caroline , Papaix-Puech Martine , Delmas Emmanuel , Bejot Yannick , DeToffol Bertrand , Fournel Isabelle , Nacher Mathieu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
French Guiana has the highest incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke of all French territories. However, there is no further information on the epidemiology and management of stroke in French Guiana. Our goal was to describe the characteristics of patients in French Guiana in order to generate hypotheses regarding the determinants explaining the magnitude of this public health problem.

Methods
We used the data of the French multicentre INDIA prospective cohort study which included consecutive patients aged > 18 years with a first-ever stroke from June 2011 to October 2014. For the present study, only patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke admitted in one of the 3 participating hospitals were analyzed.

Results
Among the 298 patients (mean age 62.2 ± 14.5 years, 63.7% man) included in French Guiana, 52% were born abroad. Most strokes were ischemic strokes (79%), 14% of which were thrombolyzed. Hypertension (70.2%), history of smoking (22%) and diabetes (25%) were the most common risk factors and 28.4% of patients had known but untreated hypertension. Overall 89 (38%) patients with ischemic stroke were admitted less than 4.5 h after the first symptoms. In-hospital mortality was greater for intracerebral hemorrhage (18.7%) than for ischemic stroke (4.2%). Overall, 84.5% had health insurance coverage and among these, 41.9% had CMU, the universal health insurance for the poor.

Conclusions
The present study is the first epidemiologic description of stroke in French Guiana. The comparisons of these results show that stroke patients in French Guiana are epidemiologically atypical because they are younger, and more likely to be males than patients in mainland France. Stroke risk factors and delay between stroke and hospital admission were comparable with what is observed in France, suggesting that efforts should focus on primary care and social inequalities of health to alleviate the main determinants of stroke in French Guiana.
‘If you can’t make it, you’re not tough enough to do medicine’: a qualitative study of Sydney-based medical students’ experiences of bullying and harassment in clinical settings
Authors: Colenbrander Laura , Causer Louise , Haire Bridget 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Media exposés and academic literature reveal high rates of bullying and harassment of medical students, most commonly by consultant physicians and/or surgeons. Recent reports reveal the medical profession to be characterised by hierarchy, with verbal abuse a ‘rite of passage’, as well as sexist and racist behaviours.

Methods
Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten current or recently graduated medical students from Sydney-based medical schools. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed.

Results
Hierarchy, and a culture of self-sacrifice, resilience and deference, were identified as problematic elements of the medical profession. In the minds of participants, these factors created barriers to reporting mistreatment, as participants felt reporting led to being labelled a ‘troublemaker’, affecting career progression. Additionally, participants stated that avenues of recourse were unclear and did not guarantee confidentiality or desired outcomes.

Conclusions
Mistreatment is continuing in clinical teaching and has negative consequences on medical students’ mental health and learning. Structural change is needed to combat institutionalised mistreatment to ensure the wellbeing of future doctors and high quality patient care.