bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of Lymph Node Dissection for Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Hallet Julie , Law Calvin ,   The Commonwealth Neuroendocrine Tumours Research Collaborative (CommNETs) Surgical Section
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe management of nodal disease remains controversial for small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB‐NETs). Debates remain regarding the therapeutic role and extent of routine lymph node dissection (LND) for localized SB‐NETs, as well as the need for aggressive resection of advanced loco‐regional SB‐NETs with mesenteric nodal masses. This review will address these questions regarding lymph node dissection for well‐differentiated WHO grade 1 and 2 SB‐NETs. In general, the aggressiveness and radicality of resection should be balanced against the length of bowel resected and post‐operative functional outcomes. In localized SB‐NETs with clinically negative lymph nodes, a nodal harvest of ≥ 8 lymph nodes provides accurate staging, but has not been shown to confer survival benefit. For loco‐regional SB‐NETs with clinically positive lymph nodes identified on imaging, 4 stages of nodal extent have been described: stage 1 nodes are located near to the intestinal border, stage 2 on arterial branches close to the origin of the SMA, stage 3 along the SMA itself, and stage 4 extend in the retroperitoneum under the pancreatic neck. In SB‐NETs, every attempt should be made at resection of the primary tumor and the nodal mesenteric mass for curative‐intent management and to prevent debilitating complications from mesenteric fibrosis. A mesenteric‐sparing approach is favored to allow for resection for complex proximal nodal masses while preserving intestinal length and function. All patients with SB‐NETs with nodal mesenteric mass should be assessed by a surgeon for resection; if deemed unresectable, consideration should be given to assessment in high‐volume NETs centres to confirm proximal mesenteric‐sparing resection is not feasible.
Trends in Appendicitis Among Pregnant Women, the Risk for Cardiac Arrest, and Maternal–Fetal Mortality
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Taylor Jalyce , Ajewole Veronica , Anene Nmelichukwu , Omoyele Oladapo , Ogba China , Oluwatoba Abiodun , Giger Dominique , Thuy Au , Argueta Erika , Naik Eknath , Salemi Jason L. , Spooner Kiara , Olaleye Omonike , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAppendicitis is the most common extra‐uterine surgical emergency requiring immediate intervention during pregnancy. However, risks for mortality and morbidity among pregnant women with appendicitis remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to determine the temporal trends of appendicitis in pregnant women, and to calculate the risk of maternal–fetal mortality and near‐miss marker (i.e., cardiac arrest) among pregnant women in general, and by race/ethnicity.MethodsWe conducted this retrospective study using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2015. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate and describe temporal changes in the rates of all and acute appendicitis during the 14‐year study period. We also estimated the risk of cardiac arrest, maternal, and fetal mortality among mothers of various racial/ethnic groups with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Within each group, patients without acute appendicitis were the referent category.Results and conclusionsOut of the 58 million pregnancy hospitalizations during the study period, 63,145 cases (10.74 per 10,000 hospitalizations) were for acute appendicitis. There was a 5% decline (95% CI: − 5.1, − 5.0) in the rate of appendicitis hospitalizations over the period of the study. After adjusting for covariates, pregnant mothers with acute appendicitis had increased likelihood when compared to those without acute appendicitis to suffer fetal loss (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.85–2.28) and nearly fivefold increase for inpatient maternal death. In conclusion, appendicitis during pregnancy remains an important cause of in‐hospital maternal–fetal mortality overall and regardless of race/ethnicity.
Signaling pathways in the coral polyp bail-out response
Authors: Chuang Po-Shun , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolyp bail-out is a stress response exhibited by some pocilloporid corals, with mechanisms and consequences distinct from those of bleaching. Although induction of polyp bail-out has been demonstrated in the laboratory, molecular mechanisms underlying this response have rarely been discussed. We conducted genetic analyses of Pocillopora acuta during initiation of hyperosmosis-induced polyp bail-out, using both transcriptomic and qPCR techniques. Beyond upregulation of apoptosis and proteolysis, corals showed significant activation of tumor necrosis factor and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways during induction of polyp bail-out. In our qPCR analysis, a common upregulation profile, peaking at 43.0‰ salinity, was found in the FAS and CASP8 genes, whereas a different profile, showing significant upregulation up to 45.0‰, was displayed by matrix metalloproteinases and genes in the FGF signaling pathway. These results suggest parallel involvement of an extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and FGF-mediated extracellular matrix degradation in polyp bail-out. Furthermore, in the XIAP, JNK, and NFKB1 genes, we detected a third expression profile showing linear upregulation that becomes maximal at the endpoint salinity level of the experiment (46.0‰), indicating activation of anti-apoptotic and cell survival signals during polyp bail-out. Our results provide new insights into signaling pathways responsible for polyp bail-out and suggest the feasibility of inducing bail-out by specifically triggering these pathways without exerting lethal stresses on the corals, which in turn will facilitate acquisition of viable polyps for possible use in coral reef restoration.
Revealing exhumation of the central Alps during the Early Oligocene by detrital zircon U–Pb age and fission-track double dating in the Taveyannaz Formation
Authors: Lu Gang , Fellin Maria Giuditta , Winkler Wilfried , Rahn Meinert , Guillong Marcel , von Quadt Albrecht , Willett Sean D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe late Eocene-to-early Oligocene Taveyannaz Formation is a turbidite series deposited in the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (close to the Alpine orogenic front). Double dating of zircons with the fission-track and the U–Pb methods is applied on samples from the Taveyannaz Formation to reconstruct the exhumation history of the Central-Western Alps and to understand the syn-collisional magmatism along the Periadriatic lineament. Three samples from this unit show similar detrital zircon fission-track age populations that center at: 33–40 Ma (20%); 69–92 Ma (30–40%); and 138–239 Ma (40–50%). The youngest population contains both syn-volcanic and basement grains. Combined with zircon U–Pb data, it suggests that the basement rocks of Apulian-affinity nappes (Margna Sesia, Austroalpine) were the major sources of detritus, together with the Ivrea Zone and recycled Prealpine flysch, that contributed debris to the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. Furthermore, the rocks of the Sesia–Lanzo Zone or of equivalent units exposed at that time presumably provided the youngest basement zircon fission-track ages to the basin. The Biella volcanic suite was the source of volcanogenic zircons. Oligocene sediment pathways from source to sink crossed further crystalline basement units and sedimentary covers before entering the basin from the southeast. The lag times of the youngest basement age populations (volcanic zircons excluded) are about 11 Myr. This constrains average moderate-to-high exhumation rate of 0.5–0.6 km/Myr in the pro-side of the orogenic wedge of the Central Alps during the late Eocene to early Oligocene.
Activation of cell-penetrating peptide fragments by disulfide formation
Authors: Tooyserkani Raheleh , Lipiński Wojciech , Willemsen Bob , Löwik Dennis W. P. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThree cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), Tat, Pep-3 and penetratin, were split into two parts and each fragment was terminated with a cysteine residue, to allow disulfide bridge formation, as well as a fluorescent label, for visualization and quantitative analysis. After disulfide formation between two complementary CPP fragments, cellular uptake of the resulting conjugates was observed. As confirmed by in vitro experiments, the conjugated peptides showed uptake activity comparable to the native CPP sequences, while the truncated peptides were hardly active. Until now, this split CPP strategy has only been demonstrated for oligo-arginine CPPs, but here we demonstrate that it is also applicable to other cell-penetrating peptides. This wider applicability may help in the design of new activatable cell-penetrating peptides for, e.g., targeted drug delivery.
Open versus minimally invasive total gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results of a European randomized trial
Authors: van der Wielen Nicole , Straatman Jennifer , Daams Freek , Rosati Riccardo , Parise Paolo , Weitz Jürgen , Reissfelder Christoph , Diez del Val Ismael , Loureiro Carlos , Parada-González Purificación , Pintos-Martínez Elena , Mateo Vallejo Francisco , Medina Achirica Carlos , Sánchez-Pernaute Andrés , Ruano Campos Adriana , Bonavina Luigi , Asti Emanuele L. G. , Alonso Poza Alfredo , Gilsanz Carlos , Nilsson Magnus , Lindblad Mats , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Fumagalli Romario Uberto , De Pascale Stefano , Akhtar Khurshid , Jaap Bonjer H. , Cuesta Miguel A. , van der Peet Donald L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical resection with adequate lymphadenectomy is regarded the only curative option for gastric cancer. Regarding minimally invasive techniques, mainly Asian studies showed comparable oncological and short-term postoperative outcomes. The incidence of gastric cancer is lower in the Western population and patients often present with more advanced stages of disease. Therefore, the reproducibility of these Asian results in the Western population remains to be investigated.

Methods
A randomized trial was performed in thirteen hospitals in Europe. Patients with an indication for total gastrectomy who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion and randomized between open total gastrectomy (OTG) or minimally invasive total gastrectomy (MITG). Primary outcome was oncological safety, measured as the number of resected lymph nodes and radicality. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, recovery and 1-year survival.

Results
Between January 2015 and June 2018, 96 patients were included in this trial. Forty-nine patients were randomized to OTG and 47 to MITG. The mean number of resected lymph nodes was 43.4 ± 17.3 in OTG and 41.7 ± 16.1 in MITG (p = 0.612). Forty-eight patients in the OTG group had a R0 resection and 44 patients in the MITG group (p = 0.617). One-year survival was 90.4% in OTG and 85.5% in MITG (p = 0.701). No significant differences were found regarding postoperative complications and recovery.

Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that MITG after neoadjuvant therapy is not inferior regarding oncological quality of resection in comparison to OTG in Western patients with resectable gastric cancer. In addition, no differences in postoperative complications and recovery were seen.
Regulatory T cells are less sensitive to glucocorticoid hormone induced apoptosis than CD4+ T cells
Authors: Prenek Lilla , Litvai Tímea , Balázs Noémi , Kugyelka Réka , Boldizsár Ferenc , Najbauer József , Németh Péter , Berki Timea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarlier we have reported that thymic regulatory T cells (Treg) are resistant to in vivo glucocorticoid hormone (GC)-induced apoptosis, while the most GC-sensitive DP thymocytes died through the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Here we analyzed the apoptosis-inducing effect of high dose (10–6 M) in vitro dexamethasone (DX) treatment in mouse thymic- and splenic Tregs and CD4+ T cells. Activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways started after 2 h of DX treatment in CD4 SP thymocytes and was 3 × higher than in CD4+ splenocytes, while in Treg cells, weak activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway started only after 3 h. We also investigated the expression of 21 apoptosis-related molecules using a protein array and found higher level of both pro-and anti-apoptotic molecules in Tregs compared to CD4+ T cells. 4 h in vitro DX treatment induced upregulation of most apoptosis-related molecules both in Tregs and CD4+ T cells, except for the decrease of Bcl-2 expression in CD4+ T cells. We found high basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels in untreated Treg cells, which further increased after DX treatment, while the specific TCR-induced Ca2+ signal was lower in Tregs than in CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that in the background of the relative apoptosis resistance of Treg cells to GCs might be their high basal cytosolic Ca2+ level and upregulated Bcl-2 expression. In contrast, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in CD4+ T cells can explain their higher, DX-induced apoptosis sensitivity.
Scalable time-constrained planning of multi-robot systems
Authors: Nikou Alexandros , Heshmati-alamdari Shahab , Dimarogonas Dimos V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a scalable procedure for time-constrained planning of a class of uncertain nonlinear multi-robot systems. In particular, we consider N robotic agents operating in a workspace which contains regions of interest (RoI), in which atomic propositions for each robot are assigned. The main goal is to design decentralized and robust control laws so that each robot meets an individual high-level specification given as a metric interval temporal logic (MITL), while using only local information based on a limited sensing radius. Furthermore, the robots need to fulfill certain desired transient constraints such as collision avoidance between them. The controllers, which guarantee the transition between regions, consist of two terms: a nominal control input, which is computed online and is the solution of a decentralized finite-horizon optimal control problem (DFHOCP); and an additive state feedback law which is computed offline and guarantees that the real trajectories of the system will belong to a hyper-tube centered along the nominal trajectory. The controllers serve as actions for the individual weighted transition system (WTS) of each robot, and the time duration required for the transition between regions is modeled by a weight. The DFHOCP is solved at every sampling time by each robot and then necessary information is exchanged between neighboring robots. The proposed approach is scalable since it does not require a product computation among the WTS of the robots. The proposed framework is experimentally tested and the results show that the proposed framework is promising for solving real-life robotic as well as industrial applications.
Density of Liquid Iridium and Rhenium from Melting up to the Critical Point
Authors: Leitner M. , Pottlacher G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe density as a function of temperature was determined for liquid iridium (Ir) and rhenium (Re) by means of shadow imaging in ohmic pulse-heating experiments. In addition to regular experiments at$$0.23\,\text {MPa}$$0.23MPa, high-pressure experiments at static pressures between$$0.18\,\text {GPa}$$0.18GPato$$0.30\,\text {GPa}$$0.30GPawere performed to increase the metals’ boiling point and thus determine density data at temperatures far exceeding the boiling temperature at atmospheric pressure. By this means, the experimentally accessible liquid range could be extended by roughly$$2000\,\text {K}$$2000K(Ir) and$$6000\,\text {K}$$6000K(Re) compared to data reported in the literature. In a second step, the experimental data were used to estimate critical temperature, critical density, and the complete phase diagram in the density–temperature plane. A comprehensive comparison with literature data was conducted.
Beetle biodiversity in forest habitats in Laos depends on the level of human exploitation
Authors: Chouangthavy Bounsanong , Bouttavong Khankeo , Louangphan Johnny , Phewphanh Phonepadith , Sibounnavong Phoutthasone , Souksavat Seephai , Pinkaew Nantasak , Babendreier Dirk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColeopteran diversity was compared between more and less disturbed lowland evergreen deciduous forests located in Phou Phanang National protected area, Lao PDR. Using window traps and pitfall traps and collecting beetles from March until December 2018, a total of 6243 specimens were obtained. The number of morphospecies found in the less disturbed forest was significantly higher as compared to the more disturbed forest. Slightly more morphospecies were found in the window traps compared to pitfall traps and a significantly higher number of morphospecies were found in the wet season (June and September collections), compared to the dry season (March and December collections). Similarly, more than twice as many specimens were found in the less disturbed forest, compared to the more disturbed forest and also again more were found in the wet season, in particular predators. The data presented here indicate that so far largely undisturbed forests in Lao PDR need to be better protected from human exploitation such as logging.
Enhanced Capacity to Act: Managers’ Perspectives When Participating in a Dialogue-Based Workplace Intervention for Employee Return to Work
Authors: Eskilsson Therese , Norlund Sofia , Lehti Arja , Wiklund Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore if and how a dialogue-based workplace intervention with a convergence dialogue meeting can support a return to work process from the managers’ perspective.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with 16 managers (10 women and 6 men) who had an employee on sick leave because of stress-induced exhaustion disorder. The manager and employee participated in a dialogue-based workplace intervention with a convergence dialogue meeting that was guided by a healthcare rehabilitation coordinator. The intervention aimed to facilitate dialogue and find concrete solutions to enable return to work. The interviews were analyzed by the Grounded Theory method.ResultsA theoretical model was developed with the core category enhancing managerial capacity to act in a complex return to work process,where the managers strengthened their agential capacity in three levels (categories). These levels werebuilding competence, making adjustments, andsharing responsibilitywith the employee. The managers also learned to navigate in multiple systems and by balancing demands, control and support for the employee and themselves. An added value was that the managers began to take preventive measures with other employees. When sick leave was caused only by personal or social issues (not work), workplace actions or interventions were difficult to find.ConclusionsFrom the managers’ perspective, dialogue-based workplace interventions with a convergence dialogue meeting and support from a rehabilitation coordinator can strengthen managerial competence and capacity to act in a complex return to work process.
Which Boys and Which Girls Are Falling Behind? Linking Adolescents’ Gender Role Profiles to Motivation, Engagement, and Achievement
Authors: Yu Junlin , McLellan Ros , Winter Liz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch on gender gaps in school tends to focus on average gender differences in academic outcomes, such as motivation, engagement, and achievement. The current study moved beyond a binary perspective to unpack the variations within gender. It identified distinct groups of adolescents based on their patterns of conformity to different gender norms and compared group differences in motivation, engagement, and achievement. Data were collected from 597 English students (aged 14–16 years, 49% girls) on their conformity to traditional masculine and feminine norms, growth mindset, perseverance, self-handicapping, and their English and mathematics performance at the end of secondary school. Latent profile analysis identified seven groups of adolescents (resister boys, cool guys, tough guys, relational girls, modern girls, tomboys, wild girls) and revealed the prevalence of each profile. Within-gender variations show that two thirds of the boys were motivated, engaged, and performed well in school. In contrast, half of the girls showed maladaptive patterns of motivation, engagement, and achievement, and could be considered academically at risk. By shifting the focus from “boys versus girls” to “which boys and which girls”, this study reveals the invisibility of well-performing boys and underachieving girls in educational gender gap research.
New strong convergence method for the sum of two maximal monotone operators
Authors: Shehu Yekini , Dong Qiao-Li , Liu Lu-Lu , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to obtain a strong convergence result for a Douglas–Rachford splitting method with inertial extrapolation step for finding a zero of the sum of two set-valued maximal monotone operators without any further assumption of uniform monotonicity on any of the involved maximal monotone operators. Furthermore, our proposed method is easy to implement and the inertial factor in our proposed method is a natural choice. Our method of proof is of independent interest. Finally, some numerical implementations are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.
Dose-Response Mixed Models for Repeated Measures – a New Method for Assessment of Dose-Response
Authors: Wellhagen Gustaf J. , Hamrén Bengt , Kjellsson Maria C. , Åstrand Magnus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeIn this paper we investigated a new method for dose-response analysis of longitudinal data in terms of precision and accuracy using simulations.MethodsThe new method, called Dose-Response Mixed Models for Repeated Measures (DR-MMRM), combines conventional Mixed Models for Repeated Measures (MMRM) and dose-response modeling. Conventional MMRM can be applied for highly variable repeated measure data and is a way to estimate the drug effect at each visit and dose, however without any assumptions regarding the dose-response shape. Dose-response modeling, on the other hand, utilizes information across dose arms and describes the drug effect as a function of dose. Drug development in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is complicated by many factors, primarily by the slow progression of the disease and lack of predictive biomarkers. Recently, new approaches and biomarkers are being explored to improve efficiency in CKD drug development. Proteinuria, i.e. urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is increasingly used in dose finding trials in patients with CKD. We use proteinuria to illustrate the benefits of DR-MMRM.ResultsThe DR-MMRM had higher precision than conventional MMRM and less bias than a dose-response model on UACR change from baseline to end-of-study (DR-EOS).ConclusionsDR-MMRM is a promising method for dose-response analysis.