bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Technology Assessment of Ultraviolate light based imaging technology to reduce burden of hospital acquired infections: A Study Protocol
Authors: Shah Komal , Kotwani Priya , Saha Somen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: HAIs impart a huge clinical and economic burden in India. Healthcare worker’s compliance to hand hygiene protocol can play an important role in preventing the transmission of cross-infection and thus reducing the HAIs. Over last few years, there has been a wide use of ultraviolate (UV) based fluorescent markers for assessing quality of hand hygiene. This Health Technology Assessment (HTA) study will be conducted with the aim to identify low cost, easy and feasible strategy having potential to get integrated in the current health system to deal with issue of HAI in ICU settings. Methods: The study will be conducted in three phases. The impact of innovation on hand hygiene compliance will be assessed quantitatively by undertaking meta-analysis of secondary literature on UV based imaging tool in improving hand hygiene compliance in ICUs. Following this, the feasibility of using this innovation in developing country like India will be assessed. Decision Analytic modelling will be conducted for cost-effectiveness analysis using health systems perspective. Cost per ICU stay (day) and QALY gained will be calculated and ICER will be reported to comment on the cost-effectiveness of the innovation. Discussion: The HTA study will provide a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of UV light based imaging device in reduction of HAIs. The results of this HTA study will generate evidence for the decision makers for its incorporation in public healthcare system of India. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered in Prospero (Prospero Id: CRD42018108960)
Fast-track surgery after gynaecological oncological surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Shi Xunwei , Cui Ling , Zhang Guonan , Shi Yu , Wang Dengfeng , Yang Zhirong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Fast-track surgery (FTS)or enhanced recovery after surgery have been applied to many surgical procedures. The FTS interventions may lead to a major reduction in the undesirable sequelae of surgical injury with improved recovery and reduction in postoperative morbidity and overall costs. The aim of this study is whether FTS reduces the length of stay in hospital compared to traditional management. The secondary aim is whether FTS is associated with an increase in post-surgical complications compared to traditional management (for both open and laparoscopic surgery).Methods: A prospective randomized trial included 107 patients undergoing gynaecological oncological surgery. The patients were randomized to the FTS group (n=50) and the traditional group (n=57). LOS (Length of stay in hospital), and complications were assessed.Results: No signiﬁcant differences in LOS were observed between the groups. The total costs of hospitalization (RMB), and CRP (C-Reactive protein mg/l) are less in the FTS group (P < 0.05) and the overall complications were lower in the FTS Group, statistically significantly lower ((P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fast-track surgery after gynaecological oncological surgery is beneficial for patients. Trial registration number: NCT02687412. Approval Number: SCCHEC20160001.Date of registration: registered on 23 February 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02687412.
Bringing the Field into the Lab: a Novel Virtual Reality Outdoor March Simulator for Evaluating Cognitive and Physical Performance
Authors: Ketko Itay , Naor Shani Kimel , Yanovich Ran , Gottlieb Amihai , Bahat Yotam , Ben-Gal Oran , Heled Yuval , Plotnik Meir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Athletes, soldiers, and rescue personnel must often perform intense, prolonged, and physically demanding activities while maintaining cognitive focus. As cognitive and physical functions are believed to share central nervous system resources, their simultaneous activation can cause reciprocal disruptions in the performance of both. Methods: In the current study, we aimed to develop and validate a virtual reality-based experimental protocol enabling rigorous exploration of the effects of prolonged high-load physical and cognitive efforts, by comparing novel cognitive tasks presented in the context of a simulated loaded march to a battery of established neurocognitive tests. We then used this protocol in a pre-post pilot study exploring the effects of high-load physical and cognitive activity on physical and cognitive performance. Twelve participants underwent a simulated 10-km loaded march on a treadmill in our virtual reality environment, with or without integrated cognitive tasks (VR-COG). At each of three experimental visits, participants underwent pre-activity and post-activity evaluations, including the Color Trail Test, the Synthetic Work Environment (SYNWIN) battery for multitasking evaluation, and physical tests (i.e., ‘time to exhaustion’). Results: In general, strong or moderate correlations (r≥0.58 p≤0.048) were found between VR-COG scores and scores on the validated cognitive tests. Together, VR-COG and CTT measures were able to successfully predict the effects of the combined physical and cognitive load on multitasking performance, as assessed by SYNWIN score. Conclusions: As virtual environments are ideal for studying high performance professional activity in realistic but controlled settings, the novel protocol is optimal for measuring the effects of prolonged, high-load physical and cognitive activity, and can therefore contribute to our knowledge on physical-cognitive interactions.
The genome of the "Sea Vomit" Didemnum vexillum
Authors: Parra-Rincón Ernesto , Velandia-Huerto Cristian A , Fallmann Jörg , Gittenberger Adriaan , Brown Federico D , Stadler Peter F , Bermúdez-Santana Clara I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Tunicates are the sister group of vertebrates and thus occupy a key position for investigations into vertebrate innovations as well as into the consequences of the vertebrate-specific genome duplications. Nevertheless, tunicate genomes have not been studied extensively in the past and comparative studies of tunicate genomes have remained scarce. The carpet sea squirt Didemnum vexillum is a colonial tunicate considered an invasive species with substantial ecological and economical risk.Results: We report a newly re-assembled genome of Didemnum vexillum. We used a hybrid approach that combines two genome sequencing technologies and also its first transcriptome. Started from 28.5 Gb Illumina and 12.35 Gb of PacBio data a new hybrid scaffolded assembly was obtained comprised of a total size of 517.55 Mb that increases contig length about 8-fold compared to previous, Illumina-only assembly. While still highly fragmented (L50=25284, N50=6539), the assembly is suffcient for comprehensive annotations of both protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs.Conclusions: The draft assembly of the "sea vomit" genome provides a valuable resource for comparative tunicate genomics and for the study of the specific properties of colonial ascidians.Availability: Genome and annotation data as well as a link to a UCSC Genome Browser hub are available at http://tunicatadvexillum.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/.
Sex differences in Alzheimer’s-related Tau biomarkers and a mediating effect of testosterone
Authors: Sundermann Erin , Panizzon Matthew S. , Chen Xu , Andrews Murray , Galasko Douglas , Banks Sarah J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Women show greater pathological Tau biomarkers than men along the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, particularly among apolipoprotein ε-E4 (APOE4) carriers; however, the reason for this sex difference in unknown. Sex differences often indicate an underlying role of sex hormones. We examined whether testosterone levels might influence this sex difference and the modifying role of APOE4 status. Analyses included 172 participants (25 cognitively normal, 97 mild cognitive impairment, 50 AD participants) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (34% female, 54% APOE4+, aged 55-90). We examined the separate and interactive effects of plasma testosterone levels and APOE4 on cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated-tau181 (p-Tau) levels in the overall sample, and the sex difference in p-Tau levels before and after adjusting for testosterone. A significant APOE4-by-testosterone interaction revealed that lower testosterone levels related to higher p-Tau levels among APOE4 carriers regardless of sex. As expected, women had higher p-Tau levels than men among APOE4 carriers only, yet this difference was eliminated upon adjustment for testosterone. Results suggest that testosterone is protective against p-Tau particularly among APOE4 carriers. The lower testosterone levels that typically characterize women may predispose them to pathological Tau, particularly among female APOE4 carriers.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) management in the community: how could primary care team contribute?
Authors: CHEN Catherine Xiao Rui , Leung Siu Hong , Li Yim Chu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease commonly encountered in the primary care. This study aimed to audit COPD care at 13 public primary care clinics of Hong Kong and to work out improvement strategies. Method: All COPD patients who were aged 40 or above and had been followed up at 13 public primary care clinics of Kowloon Central Cluster (KCC), Hong Kong were included in this clinic audit. Evidence-based audit criteria and performance standards were established after thorough literature review. Phase 1 was from 01/04/2016 to 31/032017, with deficiencies identified, followed by one-year implementation phase with improvement strategies being executed. Phase 2 was from 01/04/2018 to 31/03/2019 with outcome of enhancement reviewed. Chi-square test and student’s t test were used to compare the significance of relevant changes noted. Results: 2,358 COPD cases were identified in phase 1. Among the 658 smokers, 332 (50.5%) had been referred to Smoking Counselling and Cessation and Service (SCCS) and 289 (43.9%) actually attended it. 991 cases (42%) received Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (SIV) and 938 (39.8%) received Pneumococcal Vaccine (PCV). 698 (29.6%) patients had spirometry done before and 423 cases (17.9%) had been admitted to hospital due to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). With the concerted effort taken during the implementation phase, phase 2 data showed significance improvement in almost all criteria. There was a marked improvement in SIV and PCV coverage, spirometry performance rate and most important of all, a reduction in the AECOPD (n=294, 13.5%, P=0.000043). However, the SCCS referral rate and attendance rate among smokers remained stagnant (both P>0.05). Conclusion: COPD care at primary care clinics of KCC has been tremendously improved in most of the audit criteria via a systematic team approach, therefore reducing the burden to specialist and hospital.
Oral Health Survey among Adolescents Undergoing Obesity Treatment
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela , Pereira Sângela Maria da Silva , Ferreira Inês , Antunes Henedina , Vaz Irene Pina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Besides the bad nutritional habits, it has been studied that systemic changes induced by obesity may have repercussions on oral environment. This study evaluated the oral health status of obese adolescents undergoing follow-up at a tertiary hospital in Portugal. Methods: Ninety subjects were classified as obese or severe obese according to the World Health Organization references. Caries experience and periodontal condition were determined by the DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI), respectively. The data for the ages 12 and 15 were compared using Wilcoxon test for one sample to the National Prevalence Study of Oral Diseases (NPSOD), performed in Portugal and published in 2008 and 2015. Results: A mean BMI of 29.4 (± 4.1) was observed, and 64.4% (n = 58) of the subjects were diagnosed with severe obesity. The DMFT of obese adolescents was similar to that of the Portuguese population. At 12 years of age, obese individuals were found to have fewer missing teeth (p = 0.001) and more sealed teeth than those of the same age in Portugal in 2008 (p = 0.012) and 2015 (p = 0.001). At age 15, obese adolescents had fewer decayed teeth (p = 0.017) than individuals of the same age in Portugal (NPSOD, 2008). Conclusions: Obese children and adolescents presented an oral health status similar to that of the Portuguese population at the same age according to the majority of the criteria. These findings can be explained by the health care provided with repeated recommendations for oral hygiene.
Sleep quality, ability to concentrate, and fruit consumption suffice to predict young adult well-being: Findings from Bayesian predictive projection
Authors: Bartonicek Adam , Wickham Shay Ruby , Pat Narun , Conner Tamlin S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The search for reliable lifestyle predictors of psychological well-being is a key research pursuit in psychology and public health. Researchers often gather data on many candidate predictors and then are faced with the difficult task of variable selection – selecting only few “relevant” predictors from the large set of candidates. Many statistical methods that are currently being used for variable selection suffer from known shortfalls. Fortunately, there are newer methods available. The aim of the study is to illustrate the use of predictive projection – a novel Bayesian method for variable selection with many attractive properties – and identify the predictors of psychological well-being in a sample of young adults.
Methods
The sample consisted of 791 young adults (ages 18 to 25, 27.4% men) from New Zealand who had taken part in the Dunedin Daily Life Study in 2013–2014. For 13 days, participants completed an online daily diary assessment of their well-being and a range of modifiable lifestyle variables. Demographic characteristics were also measured. Participants’ diary data was averaged across days and analyzed cross-sectionally to identify predictors of average differences in flourishing. Predictive projection was used to select as few predictors as necessary to approximate the predictive accuracy of a large reference model with 28 predictors. Lastly, predictive projection was compared with other standard methods of variable selection.
Results
Three predictors were sufficient to make average daily flourishing to approximate the predictions of the reference model: higher sleep quality, less trouble concentrating, and more servings of fruit. Demographic factors were not selected into the model. The projected submodel performed adequately on the test data. Compared to other variable selection methods, projection had either slightly worse or matching predictive performance, but led to much more parsimonious inference.
Conclusion
Predictive projection was used to quickly arrive at a parsimonious submodel that approximated the predictive accuracy of the reference model. The variables selected into the submodel – felt refreshed after waking up, had less trouble concentrating, and ate more servings of fruit – were all theoretically meaningful. Our findings have broad implications for well-being research and public policy.
Hole Diameter ratio (HDR) for prediction of anatomical outcomes in stage III and IV idiopathic macular holes
Authors: Qi Yue , Yu Yanping , Wang Zengyi , Wang Jing , Liu Wu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Summary: In this study, we reviewed 101 eyes with stage III or IV IMHs treated by PPV combined with ILM peeling and room air tamponade, took the ratio of minimum diameter to maximum diameter (hole diameter ratio, HDR) as the predictive factor and found HDR<0.6(“A” type IMH) can be a predictive factor for a good anatomical outcome.Purpose: To identify hole diameter ratio (HDR) as the predictive factor for unclosed stage III and IV idiopathic macular holes (IMHs) by the use of preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: 101 eyes with stage III or IV IMH were included in this retrospective case series study. All cases were treated with vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling and room air tamponade. The MH minimum and maximum diameter, the ratio of the minimum to the maximum diameter (which defined as HDR) were performed. Results: 81 eyes (80.2%) got a Type I closure after surgery (group A). Postoperative unclosed MHs were found in 20 eyes (19.8%) (group B). The minimal diameter of IMHs (703.6±116.1um VS 597.6±120.1um, P<0.01) and HDR (0.6±0.1 VS 0.5±0.1, P=0.01) were both significantly different between two groups. The cutoff value of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.6. The IMH with the HDR that less than 0.6 were defined as “A” type IMH and the others were defined as “H” type IMH. The closure rate of two type IMHs were 90.2% and 65.0% respectively. It had significant differences. (P=0.002) Conclusions: HDR<0.6(“A” type IMH) can be a predictive factor for a good anatomical outcome in stage III and IV IMHs after vitrectomy combined with LM peeling and room air tamponade.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (RTMS) on Chronic Tinnitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liang Zhengrong , Cheng Gui , Huang Lingfei , Zhang Tao , Yang Haidi , Jia Haiying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Although the clinical efficacy and safety of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on the treatment of chronic tinnitushave been frequently reported, the results remain controversial.Therefore, its relatedclinical efficacy and safety were systematically evaluated and meta-classified in this study.Methods:Literature on repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on chronic tinnitus was retrieved in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library due April 2020.Review Manager 5.3 software was appliedto data synthesis, and Stata 13.0 software was adopted for analyses of publication bias and sensitivity.Results:A total of 29randomized studies with 1,228 patients were included. Compared with sham rTMS, rTMSshowed statistical significance in tinnitus handicap inventory(THI) scores 1 week after intervention (MD-7.92, 95% condidence interval [CI] -14.18,-1.66), THI scores 1month after intervention (MD-8.52, 95% CI -12.49,-4.55),THI scores 6months after intervention (MD-6.53, 95% CI -11.406,-1.66), TQ scores 1 week after intervention (MD-8.54, 95% CI -15.56,-1.52),mean change in THI scores 1month after intervention(MD-14.86, 95% CI -21.42,-8.29) and mean change in THI scores 6months after intervention(MD-16.37, 95% CI -20.64,-12.11) .There was no statistical difference between rTMS and sham rTMS in THI scores 2 week after intervention (MD-1.51, 95% CI -13.42,-10.40),tinnitus questionnaire(TQ) scores 1 month after intervention (MD-8.97, 95% CI -20.41,2.48),TQ scores 6 months after intervention (MD-7.02, 95% CI -18.18,4.13) , mean change in TQ scores 1months after intervention(MD-3.67, 95% CI -8.56,1.22) and adverse events (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.51,2.42).Egger's and Begg's testsindicatedno publication bias(P= 0.925).Conclusion:It was demonstrated that rTMS on chronic tinnitus has certain clinical curative effect and high safety,however, due to the lack of included studies and the small sample size, more large-sample, multi-center, randomized double-blind trials are needed for further verification.
Clinical Application of ICP Monitoring Based on FVEP in Treatment of Patients with Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Yu Fangping , Ying-chun Zhao , Yu Zhang , Xing-hua Luan , Ying Wu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate the application value of flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) in the monitoring of the noninvasive intracranial pressure (nICP) in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).MethodsOne hundred and two patients with HICH were randomly divided into FVEP nICP monitoring group (experimental group) and the non-monitoring group (control group). The experimental group were examined lumbar puncture immediately after intracranial pressure was monitored by FVEP. Mannitol was used to dehydration treatment of intracranial hypertension patients. The serum concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen were recorded to assess the renal function. Using the mannitol usage to evaluate the value of FVEP nICP monitoring techniques in guiding the adjustment of dehydrating agent. The Glasgow prognosis scores (GOS) were evaluated for patients' prognosis between two groups. ResultsThere was no statistical significance between FVEP nICP measurement and lumbar puncture intracranial pressure measurement (195.76 ±13.24 mmH2O vs 197.04 ±11.98 mmH2O, P>0.05). The use of mannitol in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P< 0.05), and the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations in the two groups were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The cure rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (χ2=3.889, P=0.048). ConclusionFVEP nICP monitoring technology could replace invasive intracranial pressure monitoring technology in monitoring intracranial pressure for HICH patients. The application of FVEP nICP technique can reduce the dosage of dehydrating mannitol and improve the prognosis of patients with HICH.
Six-Year Trends on Prevalence of Myopia among School Children in Liuyang, Central South China: Screening Data from 2013 to 2018
Authors: Chen MengShi , Xu Xin , Abesig Julius , Long HuaJun , Wang Huan , Chen YanCong , Xiong YuTing , Zhang Hong , Li Tiao , Wu Irene XY 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Myopia is the most common and leading cause of eye problems affecting people of all ages and yet a preventable cause of blindness. The prevalence of myopia in China varied a lot, and related study is lacking from Central South China. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the trends in the prevalence of myopia among under-college school children from 2013 to 2018 in Liuyang district, Central South of China.
Methods

This was a population-based retrospective study. Uncorrected visual acuity test with the Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity E chart was used to detect myopia. The yearly age-specific prevalence was calculated and compared.
Results

A total of 854907 children from Grade 1 to 12 were included. The prevalence of myopia increased from 24.3% (2013) to 35.9% (2018), with a significant trend of increase (p < 0.001). Persistence higher prevalence was seen in girls than boys, urban dwellers than rural dwellers, and senior high school than that of junior high or primary school children. Significant increase trends in the prevalence of severe myopia were seen across time (from year 2013 to 2018) in each age group among students from 11 to 18 years old (p < 0.001).
Conclusions

There was a remarkable yearly increase in myopia prevalence among school children of all ages and across all grades in China from 2013 to 2018, especially in female, urban and high school students. It is urgently needed for an effective public health intervention for the control of myopia among all Chinese school children.