bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Políticas de empoderamento das mulheres como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento: a experiência do Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia e a possibilidade de uma alternativa a partir do Bem Viver
Authors: Antunes do Carmo Letícia Maria 
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho analisou as normas, planos e políticas voltadas para as mulheres desenvolvidas no âmbito do Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia e de seu projeto político, baseado nas ideias do Bem Viver, a fim de verificar em que medida estas podem ser consideradas uma alternativa para os problemas identificados nas políticas para o empoderamento das mulheres planejadas e implementadas como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento, em sua acepção convencional e ocidental. Para tanto, apresentou-se uma discussão teórica acerca da inclusão das questões de gênero e empoderamento das mulheres nos debates do desenvolvimento, seguida de uma análise das políticas implementadas pelo governo boliviano em três áreas – educação, emprego e participação política – que correspondem a indicadores comumente utilizados para monitorar o progresso na igualdade de gênero e empoderamento, buscando identificar as limitações e potencialidades destas políticas. Como resultado, foi possível observar que os planos de ação e normas voltados para as mulheres, desenvolvidos no âmbito do Bem Viver, parecem conseguir incluir os conceitos de igualdade de gênero e empoderamento sem esvaziá-los de seus significados. Apesar disso, a implementação destes planos e normas ocorre, na maior parte das vezes, apenas de forma parcial, comprometendo o potencial transformativo das políticas executadas.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the norms, plans and policies aimed at women that were developed within the framework of the Plurinational State of Bolivia and its political project, based on the ideas of Good Living, in order to verify to what extent these can be considered an alternative for the problems identified in policies for the empowerment of women planned and implemented as a tool for development in its conventional and Western concept. For that, a theoretical discussion was presented on the inclusion of gender issues and women's empowerment in the development debates, followed by an analysis of policies implemented by the Bolivian government in three areas - education, employment and political participation - that correspond to indicators commonly used to monitor progress in gender equality and empowerment, seeking to identify the limitations and potentialities of these policies. As a result, it was observed that the action plans and norms aimed at women, developed under the Good Living, seem to be able to include the concepts of gender equality and empowerment without depriving them of their meaning. Despite this, the implementation of these plans and norms occurs, in most cases, only partially, jeopardizing the transformative potential of the policies implemented.
Key-words: Development; Women’s Empowerment; Good Living; Bolivia.

Recebido em: janeiro/2018
Aprovado em: agosto/2018
After the U.S. hegemonic retreat: Russia's Foreign and Security Policy in the Middle East
Authors: González Levaggi Ariel 
Published: October 2019

In the last years, the Russian Federation has been in the global spotlight due to a series of assertive attitudes in his ‘near abroad’ and beyond. A central debate in the IR discipline and the regional studies on the Post-Soviet Space and the Middle East has been on the sources and nature of that ‘new’ regional and global policy. Russia used to have low profile in the Middle East during the Post-Cold War years, but the escalation in the Syria Civil War due to the imminent fall of the Al-Assad Regime provoked a critical juncture that pushed Russia to support military its ally. The article argues that Russia has recovered the great power status due to a military intervention in the Middle East which has been a spin-off of the U.S. hegemonic retreat after the failure of Iraq and the Obama’s decision not to act in Syria. At the same time, Russia also has operated with an acceptable degree of military efficacy on a regional order separate from its immediate zone of interest. The new involvement provides us a significant indicator of a status upgrade since the latent capabilities become actual with the projection of military strength overseas.

Recebido em: Agosto/2018.
Aprovado em: Outubro/2018.
Colaboradores
Authors: Geraldello Camilla Silva 
Published: October 2019

Biografias e emails dos colaboradores desta edição:

Ada Celsa Cabrera García
Arturo Noel Noyola Muñoz
Bruno Maciel Santos
Gabriel Siracusa
Gilberto Maringoni
Jackson Silva Ribeiro
Mariana Balau Silveira
Mariana Morena Pereira
Mike Omilusi
Renan Holanda Montenegro
China: movilidad, control y encauzamiento interno de su fuerza de trabajo
Authors: Cabrera García Ada Celsa , Noyola Muñoz Arturo Noel 
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo, analizamos la manera en que el Sistema de Registro Familiar chino, el hukou, puede entenderse como una mediación fundamental para el control y encauzamiento de la movilidad de su fuerza de trabajo. El hukou se ha modificado históricamente desde su institucionalización en la época de Mao Zedong y durante el periodo de reformas siguiendo los objetivos de los proyectos político-económicos del gigante asiático. En el caso del proyecto maoísta, la migración del campo a la ciudad estaba restringida por el sistema de “comunas populares”, mientras que con las reformas de Deng Xiaoping se abrió la posibilidad de este tipo migración. En ambos casos, el hukou y las reformas que ha sufrido han sido condiciones necesarias para ello. En el proyecto de expansión chino implementado por Xi Jinping se promueve el desplazamiento de la población rural en favor de la expansión urbana y de la agricultura a gran escala sin que todavía se hayan realizado reformas significativas al hukou. No obstante el funcionamiento histórico del hukou, las reformas que este ha experimentado de manera reciente se traducen en la pérdida de beneficios para una parte importante de la población, lo que parece convertirse en una situación a tomar en cuenta ante las intentos de expandir la demanda interna. A este escenario de tensión se enfrenta actualmente el gigante asiático.

Abstract: In this work, we analyze the way in which the chinese Family Registry System, the hukou, can be understood as a fundamental mediation for the control and channeling of the mobility of its labor force. The hukou has been modified historically since its institutionalization in the Mao Zedong era and during the period of reforms, following the objectives of the political-economic projects of the Asian giant. In the case of the Maoist project, migration from the countryside to the city was restricted by the system of "popular communes", while Deng Xiaoping's reforms opened up the possibility of this type of migration. In both cases, the hukou and the reforms it has suffered have been necessary conditions for this. The Chinese expansion project implemented by Xi Jinping promotes the displacement of the rural population in favor of urban expansion and large-scale agriculture without significant reforms being made to the hukou. Despite the historical functioning of the hukou, the reforms that it has recently undergone have meant the loss of benefits for an important part of the population, what seems to become in a situation to be taken into account in the face of attempts to expand domestic demand. The Asian giant is currently facing this tension scenario.
Keywords: China, hukou, migration, labor force, economic project.

Recebido em: agosto/2018.
Aprovado em: julho/2019.
Detection of CN Gas in Interstellar Object 2I/Borisov
Authors: Fitzsimmons Alan , Hainaut Olivier , Meech Karen J. , Jehin Emmanuel , Moulane Youssef , Opitom Cyrielle , Yang Bin , Keane Jacqueline V. , Kleyna Jan T. , Micheli Marco , Snodgrass Colin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The detection of interstellar objects passing through the solar system offers the promise of constraining the physical and chemical processes involved in planetary formation in other extrasolar systems. While the effect of outgassing by 1I/2017 U1 (’Oumuamua) was dynamically observed, no direct detection of the ejected material was made. The discovery of the active interstellar comet 2I/Borisov means spectroscopic investigations of the sublimated ices is possible for this object. We report the first detection of gas emitted by an interstellar comet via the near-UV emission of CN from 2I/Borisov at a heliocentric distance of r = 2.7 au on 2019 September 20. The production rate was found to be Q(CN) = (3.7 ± 0.4) × 1024 s−1, using a simple Haser model with an outflow velocity of 0.5 km s−1. No other emission was detected, with an upper limit to the production rate of C2 of 4 × 1024 s−1. The spectral reflectance slope of the dust coma over 3900 Å < λ < 6000 Å is steeper than at longer wavelengths, as found for other comets. Broadband R

c
photometry on 2019 September 19 gave a dust production rate of Afρ = 143 ± 10 cm. Modeling of the observed gas and dust production rates constrains the nuclear radius to 0.7–3.3 km assuming reasonable nuclear properties. Overall, we find the gas, dust, and nuclear properties for the first active interstellar object are similar to normal solar system comets.
Comparing the Quenching Times of Faint M31 and Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
Authors: Weisz Daniel R. , Martin Nicolas F. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Albers Saundra M. , Collins Michelle L. M. , Ferguson Annette M. N. , Lewis Geraint F. , Mackey Dougal , McConnachie Alan , Rich R. Michael , Skillman Evan D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present the star formation histories (SFHs) of 20 faint M31 satellites (−12 ≲ M

V
≲ −6) that were measured by modeling sub-horizontal branch depth color–magnitude diagrams constructed from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging. Reinforcing previous results, we find that virtually all galaxies quenched between 3 and 9 Gyr ago, independent of luminosity, with a notable concentration 3–6 Gyr ago. This is in contrast to the Milky Way (MW) satellites, which are generally either faint with ancient quenching times or luminous with recent (<3 Gyr) quenching times. We suggest that systematic differences in the quenching times of M31 and MW satellites may be a reflection of the varying accretion histories of M31 and the MW. This result implies that the formation histories of low-mass satellites may not be broadly representative of low-mass galaxies in general. Among the M31 satellite population we identify two distinct groups based on their SFHs: one with exponentially declining SFHs (τ ∼ 2 Gyr) and one with rising SFHs with abrupt quenching. We speculate how these two groups could be related to scenarios for a recent major merger involving M31. The Cycle 27 HST Treasury survey of M31 satellites will provide well-constrained ancient SFHs to go along with the quenching times we measure here. The discovery and characterization of M31 satellites with M

V
≳ −6 would help quantify the relative contributions of reionization and environment to quenching of the lowest-mass satellites.
Ion Cyclotron Waves in Field-aligned Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Telloni Daniele , Carbone Francesco , Bruno Roberto , Zank Gary P. , Sorriso-Valvo Luca , Mancuso Salvatore 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The nature of the solar wind parallel fluctuations is investigated in this Letter by using magnetic helicity to characterize their polarization state at proton scales. Our aim is to assess the role of the proton cyclotron instability as a mechanism for generating ion cyclotron waves (ICWs) in solar wind turbulence. The wave polarization is found to depend strongly on the proton temperature anisotropy and on the power level of magnetic fluctuations at fluid scales. The results indicate a clear link between fluid and kinetic scales in the solar wind turbulence, allowing for a picture in which the resonant dissipation of high-frequency Alfvén waves heats protons in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, increasing their temperature anisotropy. The velocity distribution thus becomes unstable to the proton cyclotron instability, which then drives the local generation of ICWs in the solar wind.
La baraque militaire dans les hôpitaux américains de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Coulaud Alexandre , Perarnau Robin , Charrière avec la collaboration de Guillaume , Mariette Manon 
Published: October 2019

Les récentes recherches archéologiques menées sur la logistique américaine durant la Grande Guerre et plus particulièrement sur les hôpitaux de l’American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) soulèvent de nombreux questionnements. L’armée américaine fait preuve de réelles prouesses logistiques pour rendre opérationnelles plusieurs dizaines de structures médicales d’envergure et à la pointe de la technologie afin d’accueillir des centaines de milliers de blessés. Ces immenses camps édifiés en quelques mois au cœur des campagnes françaises se structurent à partir d’un module préfabriqué : la baraque militaire. Ce mode de construction devient le nerf de la stratégie militaire américaine, préfigurant les grandes opérations des xxe et xxie siècles. Les infrastructures, médicales (salles opératoires, pharmacies, morgues, laboratoires, etc.) ou non (approvisionnement, quartiers, loisir, stockages, etc.) se caractérisent par une charpente préfabriquée faite d’un assemblage répétitif de panneaux et de fermes. Cette architecture nomade héritée d’une conception du xixe siècle est également le reflet des pratiques socio-économiques, culturelles et architecturales. Au-delà de la simple baraque militaire, ces structures deviennent le lieu de vie et de travail des soldats et du personnel soignant, à des milliers de kilomètres de leur foyer, dans un pays étranger et en guerre.
Regulatory T Cell Transmigration and Intravascular Migration Undergo Mechanistically Distinct Regulation at Different Phases of the Inflammatory Response
Authors: Snelgrove Sarah L. , Abeynaike Latasha D. , Thevalingam Sukarnan , Deane James A. , Hickey Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in limiting inflammatory responses in the periphery. During these responses, Treg abundance in affected organs increases and interfering with their recruitment results in exacerbation of inflammation. However, the mechanisms whereby Tregs enter the skin remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to use intravital microscopy to investigate adhesion and transmigration of Tregs in the dermal microvasculature in a two-challenge model of contact sensitivity. Using intravital confocal microscopy of Foxp3-GFP mice, we visualized endogenous Tregs and assessed their interactions in the dermal microvasculature. Four hours after hapten challenge, Tregs underwent adhesion with ∼25% of these cells proceeding to transmigration, a process dependent on CCR4. At 24 h, Tregs adhered but no longer underwent transmigration, instead remaining in prolonged contact with the endothelium, migrating over the endothelial surface. Four hours after a second challenge, Treg transmigration was restored, although in this case transmigration was CCR4 independent, instead involving the CCR6/CCL20 pathway. Notably, at 24 h but not 4 h after challenge, endothelial cells expressed MHC class II (MHC II). Moreover, at this time of peak MHC II expression, inhibition of MHC II reduced Treg adhesion, demonstrating an unexpected role for MHC II in Treg attachment to the endothelium. Together these data show that Treg adhesion and transmigration can be driven by different molecular mechanisms at different stages of an Ag-driven inflammatory response. In addition, Tregs can undergo prolonged migration on the inflamed endothelium.
’n Opname na die effektiwiteit van fisioterapeutiese behandelingsmetodes vir skouergewrigtoestande
Authors: Genis E. 
Published: October 2019

A RECORD OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC TREATMENT METHODS FOR SHOULDER JOINT CONDITIONS. In this project the results of two methods of physiotherapeutic treatment for shoulder pathology are compared. Two groups of patients were treated. Group A with passive mobilisation techniques according to Maitland and Group B with active exercises, ultrasound and transverse frictions. The results indicate that passive mobilisation is a more effective method of treatment than the conservative methods.
Le roman contre la barbarie : récits d’un engagement pour le vivre ensemble dans la littérature marocaine d’expression française de la Nouvelle Génération
Authors: HOUDZI Ahmed Aziz 
Published: October 2019

Cet article tente de montrer que le roman marocain de la nouvelle génération est marqué, tant sur le plan thématique que formel, par un désir de dévoilement, c’est-à-dire, d’une part, par le souci permanent de mettre des mots sur les entraves qui sabordent les tentatives de construction de « l’éthos d’un vivre ensemble démocratique. » et, d’autre part, par la volonté de mener une réflexion approfondie sur les dérives qui pourraient éventuellement résulter de cette impasse. La mise en fiction des mutations sociales et des tensions politiques et religieuses fait des romanciers marocains, non seulement, des observateurs attentifs de leur propre société, mais aussi et surtout des acteurs engagés dans son changement.Que ce soit d’une manière latente, affichée ou autoproclamée, c’est la capacité de déchiffrer les conflits qui déchirent la société contemporaine et le désir de repenser « le vivre ensemble » dans l’optique de le panser, qui animent leur production.
Au-delà des frontières : la représentation de la femme dans L’Amour, la fantasia d’Assia Djebar et La Joueuse de go de Shan Sa
Authors: Galmiche Julia 
Published: October 2019

L’Amour, la fantasia (1985) d'Assia Djebar et La Joueuse de go (2001) de Shan Sa ont en commun de décrire deux sociétés sous le joug colonial, l'Algérie sous occupation française et la Mandchourie sous occupation japonaise, mais aussi de s'interroger sur la place de la femme indigène dans ces dernières. En effet, la nature du clivage dans lequel s’inscrit la femme indigène est double : par rapport à la société coloniale d’une part et par rapport à la place qui lui est allouée au sein de sa société et culture d’origine d’autre part. Cette bipolarité est apparente au sein des romans à l’étude, à la fois au niveau de la forme, notamment à travers une narration où la dualité occupe une place centrale, mais aussi au niveau du fond. La fiction, qui a ici pour cadre de référence des événements historiques réels, devient ainsi, selon nous, le lieu d'articulation d’un féminisme transculturel et transnational s'inscrivant hors du continuum colonial des idées.
Tierno Monénembo : un engagement de biais. Une lecture de L’aîné des orphelins
Authors: Tsakeu Mazan Stephanie Diane 
Published: October 2019

L’article explore les sentiers sinueux qu’emprunte Tierno Monénembo pour dire le génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda dans son roman L’aîné des orphelins. Certaines lectures antérieures sur ce roman questionnent sa pertinence comme témoignage sur une page aussi sombre de l’histoire rwandaise contemporaine du fait du manque de réalisme qui le caractériserait. Loin de se livrer à une description réaliste, le texte de Monénembo plonge le lectorat dans des versions fictives et parfois contradictoires dudit génocide. Monénembo joue ou donne à son personnage principal de jouer avec les plaies du génocide sans pour autant monter dans sa tour d’ivoire. De plus, son emploi particulier de la langue offre un aspect plaisant à la lecture de ce texte inspiré d’un évènement si dramatique tout en suscitant moult interrogations chez le lecteur capable de lire entre les lignes. En effet, Le caractère désinvolte avec lequel Faustin Nsenghimana donne ses versions dudit génocide, son désir de parader qui l’éloigne de la description percutante de la souffrance des victimes, n’exclut pourtant pas la possibilité d’une lecture politique de cet évènement. C’est de façon détournée ou de biais que Monénembo s’engage dans l’écriture de ce roman de commande pour la commission « Écrire par devoir de mémoire » sur ce génocide. Il passe de l’engagement classique à langagement, qui consiste à mettre en avant son talent d’écrivain, d’artisan de la langue avant celui de témoin ou d’historien. Ainsi, l’écrivain bien que s’inspirant de l’histoire ou écrivant sur des évènements historiques est loin de remplir la fonction d’historien.
“Night after Night and Day after Day”: Mark Twain and the Natural World
Authors: Ladd Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough Mark Twain was not himself an environmentalist, he was deeply sensitive to the interdependence of humankind and the natural world, to the conditions, often difficult, under which we inhabit the natural world, and to its ultimate indifference to our desires—issues that continue to preoccupy ecocritics, whether they are inclined toward philosophy or public policy. This article argues that the Mississippi River is touchstone for the natural world in Twain's work and that Life on the Mississippi, a record of his return to the river in the aftermath of the great flood of 1882, demonstrates the power of a natural world both beautiful and indecipherable in Twain's imagination.
“A Wilderness of Oil Pictures”: Reframing Nature inA Tramp Abroad
Authors: Bishop Katherine E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMark Twain begins his 1880 travelogue, A Tramp Abroad, with the ostensible goal of studying art. Early on, he describes inserting his own paintings into a gallery's “wilderness of oil pictures,” calling attention to the text's complicated relationship with nature and art. Quite often, Twain approaches art as a reflection of human hubris, his own included: his consideration of the overblown reputations of Old Masters who owe time more than skill for their veneration is a case in point. But it is notable that throughout A Tramp Abroad, Twain perseverates on the imagistic and physical imposition of the human over the landscape, questioning what goes into, and comes out of, anthropocentric visions of the environment. Rather than perpetuating the split between human and nature, so prominent in nineteenth-century picturesque and sublime art, he reorients himself and his reader so that we are off to the side, no longer chasing after dominance but coexisting, even minimized. In A Tramp Abroad, Twain disrupts the petrification of the natural world and the overwriting of the human onto the nonhuman from aesthetic, touristic, and nationalist vantage points by confronting the way the world is often translated into human terms. While Twain's characteristic humor ripples across the surface of A Tramp Abroad, the text uses his course of study to pose serious questions, ones connecting the author's aesthetic reflections with his perambulations. He asks what is wilderness? how do we define (or refine) it? and how do our renderings of it affect our relationship to it?
Regelovertreding als voorspeller van incidenten in de chemische industrie
Authors: Wiering Ellen , Blokland Arjan , Kluin Marieke , Huisman Wim , Peeters Marlijn 
Published: October 2019

Rule violation predictive of incidents at chemical companies
Both major disasters and smaller incidents at chemical companies impact the environment. Seveso regulations aim to limit the impact of the chemical industry on man and the environment. This leads to the expectation that violation of these rules is predictive of incidents. In the current study, incidents at chemical companies are predicted from the company’s history of rule violation, previously reported incidents and corporate characteristics. Analysis of three years of inspection data and of six years of reported incidents, shows that the company’s branch and previous reported incidents predict the occurrence of an incident. The company’s history of rule violation, however, does not. Future research is needed to examine the different possible explanations for these contra intuitive results.