bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and extrahepatic cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Shou-Sheng , Ma Xue-Feng , Zhao Jie , Du Shui-Xian , Zhang Jie , Dong Meng-Zhen , Xin Yong-Ning 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: NAFLD is tightly associated with various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer. Previous studies had investigated the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers, but the available data to date is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers comprehensively. Methods: Searches were conducted of various electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) to identify observational studies published between 1996 and January 2020 which investigated the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers. The pooled OR/HR/IRR of the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers were analyzed. Results: A total of 26 studies were included to investigate the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers. As the results shown, the pooled OR values of the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomas in patients with NAFLD were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.40-2.11) and 1.38 (95%CI: 1.22-1.56), respectively. The pooled OR values of the risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with NAFLD were 2.40 (95%CI: 1.75-3.31) and 2.24 (95%CI: 1.58-3.17), respectively. The pooled OR value of the risk of breast cancer in patients with NAFLD was 1.68 (95%CI: 1.44-1.97). In addition, NAFLD was also tightly associatied with the risk of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and esophagus cancer. Conclusions: NAFLD could significantly increase the development risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and esophagus cancer.
Chronic vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy may influence fasting blood glucose concentration
Authors: Liu Hongyun , Zhan Ping , Meng Fangang , Wang Weidong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been widely accepted as adjunctive therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and major depression. Its effects on glycemic control in humans were however poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential effects of VNS on fasting blood glucose (FBG) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who had received VNS implants at the same hospital were retrospectively studied. Effects on FBG, weight, body mass index and blood pressure were evaluated at 4, 8 and 12 months of follow-up. Results 32 subjects (11 females/21males, 19±9 years, body mass index 22.2±4.0 kg/m 2 ) completed 12-month follow-up. At the 4 months, there were no significant changes in FBG concentrations from baseline to follow-up in both Sham-VNS (4.89±0.54 vs. 4.56±0.54 mmol/L, N=13, p=0.101) and VNS (4.80±0.54 vs. 4.50±0.56 mmol/L, N=19, p=0.117) groups. However, after 8 (4.90±0.42 mmol/L, N=32, p=0.001) and 12 (4.86±0.40 mmol/L, N=32, p=0.002) months of VNS, FBG levels significantly increased compared to baseline values (4.52±0.54 mmol/L, N=32). Changes in FBG concentrations at both 8 (R 2 =0.502, N=32, p<0.001) and 12 (R 2 =0.572, N=32, p<0.001) months were negatively correlated with baseline FBG levels. Conclusions Our study suggests that chronic cervical VNS elevates FBG levels with commonly used stimulation parameters in patients with epilepsy.
Student Nurses’ Knowledge Acquisition on Oral Medication Administration: Comparison of Lecture Demonstration Vs. Video Demonstration
Authors: Sugathapala Ravilal Devananda Udeshika Priyadarshani , Chandrika Mattaka Gamage Ruwini 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Medication administration is one of the paramount nursing procedures, where nurses have to pay their utmost commitment. The vital aims are to reduce medication errors and ensure patient safety. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether the nursing students could learn and retain the basic guidelines for medication administration when taught using a video-assisted teaching method compared with the lecture-demonstration method and to assess the students' attitudes towards the two types of teaching methods.Methods This study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study with a pre and post-test design. Forty-five students in the first year of the Bachelor's in nursing degree programme have participated in this study. All the participants completed a self- administered questionnaire, including background characteristics and questions of oral medication administration. Subsequently, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. Oral medication administration procedure was taught using two different teaching methods. Finally, the post-test knowledge scores in both groups were assessed and analysed using the paired-sample t-test.Results The results revealed that there is no significant difference in terms of age, gender and type of residence of students in both groups. When comparing the pre-test mean score and post-test mean score using paired sample t-test, there was a statistically significant difference in both video demonstration group (t = -4.533, p < 0.001) and lecture-demonstration group (t = -4.208, p < 0.001). Almost all the students obtained good knowledge scores disregard of the method used in teaching oral medication administration. However, when comparing post-test scores of both groups using an independent sample t-test, it was identified that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, it was difficult to identify which method is effective than the other. According to the student feedback obtained at the end of the study, 67% of them preferred to have more video demonstrations in their skills classes.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that oral medication administration can be effectively taught using both lecture demonstration and video-assisted teaching methods.
Longer duration of breastfeeding is associated with lower BMI among individuals aged 8-49 months in Poland.
Authors: Pruszkowska-Przybylska Paulina , Żądzińska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Breastfeeding in the first years of life seems to be an important factor that affects shaping the body mass, and body mass/height proportion during first months of life as well as breastfeeding importantly differentiates body mass and body proportion at the later stages of the human ontogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if duration of breastfeeding affects BMI in later life. Material: In the analysis 470 children born in time, aged 8-49 months were included. The data came from the nurseries in Lodz (central Poland) where children's parents filled the questionnaires and were collected in years 1993-1997. In the analysis was included information about: duration of breastfeeding, parental educational level, birth body weight, birth body length. The BMI was standardized on sex and age of the children. The stepwise regression models were used to evaluate the hypothesis. The obtained residues for BMI were used to verify only breastfeeding impact using the regression analysis. Results: The regression model included parental education level and birth parameters were used to adjust BMI on them and revealed that low educated mothers had children with higher BMI (Beta=0.213; p<0.015). Additionally, heavier newborns had higher BMI at the later stages of ontogenesis (Beta=0.207; p<0.001). There were made two regression analyses using BMI residues. The first one treated breastfeeding as categories, and revealed that children breastfed over 6 months vs. not breastfed or breastfed no longer than 1 month had lower BMI (Beta=-0.098; p<0.030). The second model treated duration of breastfeeding as a continuous variable, and showed that breastfeeding duration was inversely correlated with BMI residues (Beta=-0.092; p=0.042). Conclusions: Duration of breastfeeding differentiates the BMI among Polish children aged 8-49 months and seems to reduce BMI in further life. Trial registration: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving research study participants were approved retrospectively by the Ethical Commission at the University of Lodz (NR21/KBBN- UŁ/I/2018). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects' parents.
The Distribution and Consequences of Sexual Misconduct Perpetrated by Peacekeepers in Haiti: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Vahedi Luissa , Stuart Heather , Lee Sabine , Bartels Susan A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Reports of sexual abuse and exploitation and children fathered by peacekeepers were made during the course of The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH). This research (1) Explores the association between location (rural, semi-urban, urban) and the sharing of narratives about sexual misconduct perpetrated by MINUSTAH peacekeepers; (2) Investigates the relationship between sharing narratives about sexual misconduct and the desire to engage with the UN/MINUSTAH. In 2017, a cross-sectional survey was administered by Haitian research assistants using SenseMaker®, a rapid mixed-methods data collection tool that allows participants to share a narrative on a topic of interest. In total, 2541 self-interpreted narratives pertaining to the experiences of women/girls in relation to MINUSTAH were collected across Haiti. After adjustment, narratives from rural areas were more likely (RRrural: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38) to address sexual misconduct, compared to narratives shared in urban areas. (2) Personal experiences of sexual misconduct were more likely (RRsex: 4.52; 95% CI: 3.34, 6.12) to be associated with rejection of the UN/MINUSTAH, compared to personal narratives of positive/neutral experiences. This research is an empirical steppingstone to understanding the distribution and consequences of peacekeeper perpetrated sexual abuse and exploitation in Haiti.
Tiotropium/Olodaterol Reduce Cigarette Smoking Extract-induced Cell Death in BEAS-2B Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chen Cheng-Hsiung , Li Yi-Rong , Lin Sheng-Hao , Chang Hsiu-Hui , Chai Woei-Horng , Chan Po-Chiang , Lin Ching-Hsiung 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background COPD is characterized by progressive irreversible airflow limitation. Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for destruction of lung parenchyma or emphysema. Disruption of epithelial layer integrity may contribute to lung injury in response to CS exposure. Tiotropium/Olodaterol act as bronchodilator to treatment COPD by preventing ASM contraction and muscle relaxation; however, the effect of dual bronchodilator on epithelial cell injury and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of Tiotropium/Olodaterol on CSE-mediate cell death, with a special focus on autophagy.Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of Tiotropium/Olodaterol on cell viability, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; Δφm), and autophagy in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. Result: Tiotropium/olodaterol significantly inhibit CSE-induce cell death, mitochondria dysfunction and autophagy in response to short-term treatment with CSE. Moreover, decrease in ERK and JNK activation after CSE treatment were reversed by Tiotropium/olodaterol treatment. Conclusion: Tiotropium/olodaterol have protective effect against CSE-induced cell death which may related to induction of autophagy via activating ERK and JNK. In this study, we provide a possible novel mechanism for dual bronchodilator in COPD treatment.
The Diagnostic Value of SPECT/CT in Predicting the Occurrence of Osteonecrosis Following Femoral Neck Fracture: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yoon Jae Youn , Lee Soong Joon , Yoon Kang Sup , Yoon Pil Whan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundsOne of the most significant complications after a femoral neck fracture is osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The concomitant use of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) increases the sensitivity for detecting the anatomic location and severity of ONFH. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of SPECT/CT for the occurrence of ONFH by quantifying the perfusion status of the femoral head.MethodsA total of 30 patients who had multiple pinnings for femur neck fractures were included in this study. We classified the perfusion status into three groups: normal perfusion, decreased perfusion, and avascular groups, and compared the occurrence of femoral head necrosis between them. For quantitative analysis, we evaluated the uptake ratio of both femur heads (head-to-head uptake ratio). If the patient’s contralateral hip was incomparable, we measured the uptake ratio from the superior dome of the ipsilateral acetabulum (head-to-acetabulum uptake ratio).ResultsTwenty-four patients out of 30 achieved bone union, whereas the others developed ONFH. When the population was divided into intact and defective perfusion groups on scintigraphy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the test were 83.3%, 75.0%, and 76.7%, respectively. The mean head-to-head uptake ratio value with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.85–1.36). In the osteonecrosis group, the mean value of the head-to-head uptake ratio was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.28–0.38). In contrast, the ratio was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.03–1.57) in the non-osteonecrosis group, demonstrating a significant difference in the uptake ratio (P < 0.001). When the cutoff value of the uptake ratio was set to 0.5, both the sensitivity and specificity were 100%. There was also a significant difference in the head-to-acetabulum uptake ratio between the two groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSPECT/CT was useful in evaluating the perfusion status of the femoral head, showing high accuracy in predicting the occurrence of avascular necrosis. To demonstrate the reliability and validity of SPECT/CT, further prospective studies on a larger scale are warranted.
Nanoparticles can improve the positive rate of metastatic lymph node in thyroid cancer surgery
Authors: Su Xindi , Chai Fang , Lin Benrui , Qu Lu , Liu Keyi , Huo Jianping , Zhu Zhansheng , Rashid Rashid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective.

To investigate the application of carbon nanoparticles in lymph node dissection and parathyroid gland protection during thyroid cancer surgery.
Subjects and Methods.

Retrospective analysis was performed on 282 cases of thyroid cancer surgery in our hospital from 2018 to 2019. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy and cervical central lymph node dissection. Nanocarbon was not used in the control group, but was used in the experimental group. The general situation of the patients, the number of postoperative lymph nodes and the number of metastasis were collected, and the differences between serum parathyroid hormone and blood calcium were compared before and on the 3rd and 30th day after surgery.
Results.

There was no difference in age, sex and TNM stage between the two groups (P > 0.05). The number of metastatic lymph nodes in the experimental group (9.80 ± 4.80) was different from that in the control group (6.95 ± 3.86) (P < 0.05), and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the experimental group was different from that in the control group (χ2 = 14.968, P < 0.05). There was no difference in blood calcium and PTH between the two groups before and at 3 and 30 days after surgery (P > 0. 05).
Conclusion.

The application of carbon nanoparticles in thyroid cancer surgery can significantly increase the number of lymph nodes seized and the positive rate of metastatic lymph node removal, but the protection of parathyroid gland is not obvious.
Orchestration of signaling by structural disorder in class 1 cytokine receptors
Authors: Seiffert Pernille , Bugge Katrine , Nygaard Mads , Haxholm Gitte W. , Martinsen Jacob H. , Pedersen Martin N. , Arleth Lise , Boomsma Wouter , Kragelund Birthe B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Class 1 cytokine receptors (C1CRs) are single-pass transmembrane proteins responsible for transmitting signals between the outside and the inside of cells. Remarkably, they orchestrate key biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, immunity and growth through long disordered intracellular domains (ICDs), but without having intrinsic kinase activity. Despite these key roles, their characteristics remain rudimentarily understood.
Methods
The current paper asks the question of why disorder has evolved to govern signaling by the C1CRs by reviewing the literature in combination with new sequence and biophysical analyses of chain properties across the family.
Results
We uncover that the C1CR-ICDs are fully disordered and brimming with SLiMs. Many of these SLiMs are overlapping, jointly signifying a complex regulation of interactions, including network rewiring by isoforms. The C1CRs-ICDs have unique properties that distinguish them from most IDPs and we forward the perception that the C1CR-ICDs are far from simple strings with constitutively bound kinases. Rather, they carry both organizational and operational features left uncovered within their disorder, including mechanisms and complexities of regulatory functions.
Conclusions
Critically, the understanding of the fascinating ability of these long, completely disordered chains to orchestrate complex cellular signaling pathways is still in its infancy, and we urge a perceptional shift away from a simplistic view towards uncovering their full functionalities.
Related Factors and Therapeutic Effect of Rotator Cuff Delamination
Authors: Liu Bingli , Hu Jian , Yu Baoqing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the related factors and treatment result of RCT with delamination. Materials and methods: From February 2016 to July 2019, a total 155 patients with RCT were enrolled into the present study. Among these patients, 66 were male and 89 were female, and their an average age was 56.4±7.8 years old (41-75 years old). The medical history of each patient was recorded before the operation, and the joint function was evaluated using the Constant score table. During the operation, the RCT was examined using an arthroscope, the delamination was evaluated, and the RCT type was classified. A proper suture technique was executed for these different types of rotator cuff injuries, and routine functional exercises were performed after the operation. Poisson chi-square test was used to analyze the related factors of delamination, and t-test was used to analyze the result of the treatment. Results: Among the 115 patients, 47 patients had delamination, while 68 cases had no delamination. The larger the RCT size, the greater probability of delamination. Furthermore, the delamination probability of a RCT with subacromial impact would also increase. However, there was no statistical correlation between disease history or trauma and delamination. All patients achieved good therapeutic results. Conclusion: The incidence of rotator cuff delamination remains high, and the occurrence of delamination is correlated to the size of the tear, and the determination of whether this is accompanied by subacromial impact. However, there is no correlation between delamination and trauma or disease duration. For rotator cuff tears with delamination, reasonable surgical techniques can be used to treat the rotator cuff injury, in order to obtain a good effect.Level of evidence: Level III, Retrospective Cohort Design, Treatment Study
Accuracy of dental implants inserted in clinical studies using static implantation guides: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Gaubys Algimantas , Sakalys Dovydas , Krukis Martynas Mantas , Janužis Gintaras 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background One of the main tasks of dental implantation is the precise insertion of the implant into the edentulous jaw. The purpose of a study was to determine the accuracy of implants inserted using static implantation guides in different conditions.Methods A search for clinical studies was performed in the PubMed databasis. The implantation procedure had to be performed on humans in vivo by using a static surgical guide. Pre and postsurgical CT scans were compared to evaluate the deviation of implants. A meta-analyses was performed to calculate the mean implant collar, apex, depth and axis deviations. A meta-regression analyses was performed by grouping study subgroups according to the method of surgery, implant insertion, jaw, guide support tissue, and the method of guide fixation.Results 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Data on 1872 implants were analyzed. Mean deviation was 1.25 mm (95% CI: 1.00, 1.51) at the implant entry point and 1.52 mm (95% CI: 1.18, 1.86) at the apex. Mean axis deviation was 3.47o (95% CI: 3.01, 3.94). Depth deviation was 0.15 mm (95% CI: -0.36, 0.66). The following factors had a positive influence on the implant precision: open surgical technique, fully guided implant insertion and fixation of the surgical guide.Conclusions The surgical technique, implant insertion method, jaw, guide supporting tissue and fixation has an effect on the deviation of inserted implants.
Vitamin D Supplementation in Obese Sri Lankan Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Samaranayake Dulani DL , Adikaram Shyamini GS , Atapattu Navoda , Kendaragama Lakshika D , Senevirathen Tharika N , Jaasekera Hasika D , Wickramasinghe Vithanage Pujitha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Micronutrient deficiencies are identified among obese individuals. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in obese children, and is hypothesized to cause insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities. This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on obesity and related metabolic abnormalities among obese Sri Lankan children.Methods A triple-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted among vitamin D deficient (< 20 ng/ml), obese children (n = 96). Children were randomly allocated to three intervention arms - treatment arm receiving weekly vitamin D2 50,000 IU; supplementation arm receiving 2500 IU weekly and control arm receiving placebo. Anthropometry, percentage fat mass (%FM) and blood pressure were assessed and fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, lipid profile, ALT, AST, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and hs-CRP and OGTT with 2-hour random blood glucose and insulin was performed at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. Ethics Review Committee of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo approved the protocol.Results Waist circumference Z-score, %FM and serum calcium significantly improved across all three arms, ALT significantly improved in treatment and supplementation arms while, BMI Z-score, PTH and vitamin D significantly improved in the treatment arm. Biceps (p = 0.035) and subscapular (0.048) skin fold thickness, vitamin D (p = 0.004) and ALT (p = 0.012) significantly improved in the treatment arm.Conclusions A strict dietary and physical activity regimen could improve some of the anthropometric, body composition and metabolic profiles, but high dose vitamin D, enhances those improvements. Therefore high dose vitamin D seems to potentiate management outcomes of obese children with vitamin D deficiency.Trial registration The study was registered at the Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (SLCTR/2015/017) on 12th September 2015 at https://slctr.lk/trials/slctr-2015-017.