bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eavesdropping of an African ground squirrel on the heterospecific alarm calls of a noisy ground‐nesting bird
Authors: Waterman Jane M. , Mai Monica 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimals gather information about their environment from a variety of sources to enable adaptive decision‐making behaviour. Eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm calls enhances predator avoidance, reduces time spent vigilant and allows for more time on daily activities such as foraging. If the information is relevant and reliable, individuals that respond to heterospecific signals may benefit from a wider range of information at a low marginal cost. The Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris) and crowned lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) are ground‐dwelling species that are taxonomically distant but share similar predators, habitat and anti‐predatory behaviours. We used playback experiments of the alarm calls produced by conspecifics and lapwings to investigate the vigilance responses of adult female Cape ground squirrels. Squirrels responded with greater vigilance to both squirrel and lapwing alarm calls, and no changes of vigilance levels were observed in response to a control sound. However, contrary to our predictions, changes in vigilance and time to relax did not differ between conspecific versus heterospecific playbacks. The results from our study suggest that squirrels perceive lapwing alarm calls as relevant and reliable information and that responding to it could increase their survival.
Emotion Regulation and Personality as Predictors of Mothers' Emotion Socialization Practices
Authors: Cabecinha‐Alati Sarah , Malikin Hagit , Montreuil Tina C. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundParental emotion regulation (ER) and emotion socialization have been identified as key factors contributing to children's emotional competence; however, only a handful of studies have assessed the relationship between these constructs.ObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to determine whether parental ER would predict parents' self‐reported emotion socialization practices above and beyond the influence of personality.MethodParents completed a series of self‐report measures online. After data cleaning, 104 mothers of children between the ages of 8 and 12 years were retained for analyses.ResultsHierarchal regressions revealed that mothers who reported higher levels of ER skills and more frequent use of cognitive reappraisal were more likely to report engaging in supportive response behaviors when controlling for personality. Moreover, maternal reappraisal was significantly and inversely associated with reports of unsupportive emotion socialization.ConclusionFindings provide evidence to support the association between maternal ER and emotion socialization behaviors.ImplicationsResults are discussed with respect to their implications for emotion‐focused interventions aimed at promoting supportive parenting practices.
Frequency‐specific modification of locomotor components by the white gene in Drosophila melanogaster adult flies
Authors: Xiao Chengfeng , Qiu Shuang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe classic eye‐color gene white (w) in Drosophila melanogaster (fruitfly) has unexpected behavioral consequences. How w affects locomotion of adult flies is largely unknown. Here, we show that a mutant allele (w1118) selectively increases locomotor components at relatively high frequencies (> 0.1 Hz). The w1118 flies had reduced transcripts of w+ from the 5′ end of the gene. Male flies of w1118 walked continuously in circular arenas while the wildtype Canton‐S walked intermittently. Through careful control of genetic and cytoplasmic backgrounds, we found that the w1118 locus was associated with continuous walking. w1118‐carrying male flies showed increased median values of path length per second (PPS) and 5‐min path length compared with w+‐carrying males. Additionally, flies carrying 2–4 genomic copies of mini‐white+ (mw+) in the w1118 background showed suppressed median PPSs and decreased 5‐min path length compared with controls, and the suppression was dependent on the copy number of mw+. Analysis of the time‐series (i.e., PPSs over time) by Fourier transform indicated that w1118 was associated with increased locomotor components at relatively high frequencies (> 0.1 Hz). The addition of multiple genomic copies of mw+ (2–4 copies) suppressed the high‐frequency components. Lastly, the downregulation of w+ in neurons but not glial cells resulted in increased high‐frequency components. We concluded that mutation of w modified the locomotion in adult flies by selectively increasing high‐frequency locomotor components.
Polypharmacy at admission prolongs length of hospitalization in gastrointestinal surgery patients
Authors: Abe Natsuki , Kakamu Takeyasu , Kumagai Tomohiro , Hidaka Tomoo , Masuishi Yusuke , Endo Shota , Kasuga Hideaki , Fukushima Tetsuhito 
Published: September 2020

AimPolypharmacy in elderly people is a social issue and has been reported to cause not only drug adverse events, but also falls, dysfunction and cognitive decline. Those events may trigger prolonged length of hospitalization. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether polypharmacy has a prolonging effect on hospitalization.MethodsThe study subjects were 584 patients in a university hospital in Japan who had been admitted for hepatectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, gastrectomy or colectomy, and to whom clinical pathways had been applied. In this study, polypharmacy was defined as taking five or more regular oral medications, and prolonged hospitalization was defined as hospitalization longer than that determined by the clinical pathway. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether polypharmacy affects the length of hospitalization.ResultsThe subjects were 348 males and 236 females, mean ± SD age of 65.8 ± 12.9 years. Among all subjects, 228 (39.0%) were receiving polypharmacy at admission, and the number of patients with prolonged hospitalization was 262 (44.9%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables were significantly associated with prolonged hospitalization; polypharmacy (odds ratio = 1.532; 95% confidence interval = 1.010–2.327), age 50–59; 2.971 (1.216–7.7758), age 60–69; 2.405 (1.059–5.909), organ pancreas; 0.298 (0.122–0.708), operation time ≥386 min; 2.050 (1.233–3.432), intraoperative bleeding volume ≥401 mL; 2.440 (1.489–4.038), postoperative delirium; 2.395 (1.240–4.734), postoperative infection; 10.715 (4.270–33.059).ConclusionThe current study revealed that polypharmacy at admission was an independent factor for prolonged hospitalization. In future, measures against polypharmacy are required, collaborating with outpatient clinics, family doctors and dispensing pharmacies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 1085–1090..
Who leads? Village development committees and local governance in Southern Malawi
Authors: Maiden Emily , Guzman Danice Brown , Bleck Jaimie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the 1980s, many developing countries have enacted policies of decentralization to create localized, representative forms of government. A highly under‐studied body of local governance are village development committees (VDCs). Utilizing a mixed‐method approach in three districts of Southern Malawi, we combine surveys, focus groups, and interviews to examine the role of VDCs in local politics. Selected by their peers, VDC members navigate a complicated landscape including: local and central politicians, government bureaucrats, NGOs and special interest groups, and traditional authorities. We find that citizens are accurately able to evaluate the development work that VDCs are doing and consistently rate their trust in these institutions higher than their trust in elected authorities. Still, challenges persist: members receive no standardized training and there are consistent gender gaps in the experiences of men and women members of the VDCs.
Comparative effectiveness of antiretroviral drug classes for the treatment of HIV infection in patients with high viral loads: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Adams JL , Murray M , Patel N , Sawkin MT , Boardman RC , Pham C , Kaur H , Patel D , Yager JL , Pontiggia L , Baxter J 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) classes for achieving HIV RNA suppression to < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL within 6 months of initiation with high viral loads (VLs). Secondary objectives were to compare viral suppression (VS) at 12 weeks and 12 months, partial HIV RNA suppression to < 200 copies/mL, time to VS, time to rebound, and change in CD4 cell count.MethodsThis was a multicentre, retrospective, observational study. Adult patients were included if they initiated ART between January 2005 and December 2016 with a VL ≥ 100 000 copies/mL.ResultsThere were 220 patients included in the study. The median VL was 252 919 [interquartile range (IQR) 149 472–500 000] copies/mL. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) recipients were more likely to achieve VS by 6 months compared to those initiating ART containing protease inhibitors (PIs) [75.4% vs. 44.1%, respectively; odds ratio (OR) 3.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.62–6.90] or integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) (75.4% vs. 55.8%, respectively; OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.03–5.58). VS at 12 weeks was more frequent with INSTI‐containing regimens than with PIs (28.9% vs. 9.0%, respectively; OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.69–9.92). VS at 12 months did not significantly differ between treatment regimens. Median time to complete VS for INSTI, PI and NNRTI recipients was 22.3 (95% CI 13.4–33), 30.1 (95% CI 25–36) and 19.9 (95% CI 16–22.3) weeks, respectively. There were no significant differences in time to viral rebound or change in CD4 cell counts.ConclusionsPatients with high VLs initiated on NNRTIs were more likely to achieve VS by 6 months on ART compared to INSTI and PI recipients.
Nonlinearity in the relationship between impression management tactics and interview performance
Authors: Robie Chet , Christiansen Neil D. , Bourdage Joshua S. , Powell Deborah M. , Roulin Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the linear and nonlinear relationships between applicant impression management (IM) behaviors during the interview and subsequent interview performance. We proposed that honest IM would have a nonlinear effect on interview performance, whereas deceptive IM would demonstrate a linear effect. Hypotheses were examined using a sample of 693 high‐fidelity interviews. Results indicated that honest IM has a nonlinear relationship with interview performance, such that honest IM appears to only be effective up to a particular point, after which it becomes detrimental. Conversely, the relationship between deceptive IM and interview performance was more linear and negative. This study contributes to our understanding of IM by demonstrating that the effects of IM on performance are more complex than previously identified.
Engagement with sustainability at the International Labour Organization and wider implications for collective worker voice
Authors: NOVITZ Tonia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSustainability objectives have been recognized by the ILO primarily in terms of the impact of environmental protection in the form of “just transition” and “green job” initiatives. Arguably, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) now offer richer scope for ILO engagement with social sustainability. This can be attributed to the prominent recognition of “decent work” in SDG 8 and the need for “responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision‐making at all levels” in SDG target 16.7. This article examines how the ILO could further promote collective worker voice in the context of debates over a sustainable “future of work”, particularly considering to whom voice is given and how it is exercised.
Why do intestinal epithelial cells express MHC class II?
Authors: Heuberger Cornelia , Pott Johanna , Maloy Kevin Joseph 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIntestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute the border between the vast antigen load present in the intestinal lumen and the mucosal immune compartment. Their ability to express antigen processing and presentation machinery evokes the question whether IECs function as non‐conventional antigen‐presenting cells. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression by non‐haematopoietic cells, such as IECs, is tightly regulated by the class II transactivator (CIITA) and is classically induced by IFN‐γ. As MHC class II expression by IECs is upregulated under inflammatory conditions, it has been proposed to activate effector CD4+ T (Teff) cells. However, other studies have reported contradictory results and instead suggested a suppressive role of antigen presentation by IECs, through regulatory T (Treg)‐cell activation. Recent studies investigating the role of MHC class II + exosomes released by IECs also reported conflicting findings of either immune enhancing or immunosuppressive activities. Moreover, in addition to modulating inflammatory responses, recent findings suggest that MHC class II expression by intestinal stem cells may elicit crosstalk that promotes epithelial renewal. A more complete understanding of the different consequences of IEC MHC class II antigen presentation will guide future efforts to modulate this pathway to selectively invoke protective immunity while maintaining tolerance to beneficial antigens.
The effects of an educational programme about preeclampsia on women's awareness: a randomised control trial
Authors: Alnuaimi K. , Abuidhail J. , Ismail H. 
Published: September 2020

AimTo examine the effects of an interventional programme about preeclampsia on high‐risk preeclampsia Jordanian women’s awareness and pregnancy outcomes.BackgroundPreeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal death and illness globally, and has a high rate in Jordan compared to other countries. Increasing preeclampsia awareness is recommended to prevent its serious complications.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at a public hospital in Jordan. A consecutive sample of 113 pregnant high‐risk preeclampsia women was recruited and divided randomly into interventional and control groups. A questionnaire comprising seven terms on demographics and 51 questions assessing women’s awareness on preeclampsia was used. The intervention group received a 2‐h educational programme about preeclampsia with self‐monitoring of blood pressure and urine protein and routine care, while the control group received a 2‐h educational programme relevant to urinary tract infection and received routine care. A pretest was carried out at baseline and 2 weeks after the intervention, a post‐test was performed for the two groups.ResultsThe results revealed a significant difference in mean scores for awareness of preeclampsia in the interventional group compared to the control group after conducting the education programme. A significant difference was also found between both groups in terms of Apgar scores at 1st min and 5th min and mean diastolic BP.Conclusion and implications for nursing, health and education policyPreeclampsia educational programme is effective in improving preeclampsia awareness and some pregnancy outcomes. Midwifery and nursing educators are highly encouraged to train midwives and nurses to be effective health professionals. Health educational programmes need to be designed by professionals based on an updated evidence and women’s needs. It is of importance that these programmes focus on involving women in their health care by self‐monitoring and providing women with the necessary resources to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Modeling cross‐border supply chain collaboration: the case of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Cui Li , Gao Meihua , Sarkis Joseph , Lei Zhimei , Kusi‐Sarpong Simonov 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has resulted in international, cross‐border supply chains returning to a new prominence. The BRI presents opportunities for cross‐border supply chain collaboration (SCC) research. Assessing the influencing factors of cross‐border SCC is beneficial for understanding and improving this evolving, globally influential international trade policy. The BRI is quite complex so that subjective assessment methods are useful but need to be improved. To address this issue, this paper initially develops a cross‐border SCC factor framework based on synergetic theory. A vague set and DEMATEL methods are integrated to form a unified model to support the assessment. A combination weighting that uses analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weighting method, that is, a data crawler for BRI‐related documents, to ensure that objective importance weights of the factors in the Belt and Road context are achieved. The results show that information sharing, profit allotment, the degree of trust, and goal congruence as common drivers of SCC are not driving factors in the Belt and Road cross‐border context. They are core issues that do not affect cross‐border SCC directly. Senior manager support and customs regulation are two important drivers of cross‐border SCC. The practitioners of cross‐border SCC should not only focus on the support from senior managers and customs regulation but also attempt to improve performance, such as information sharing and trust, to obtain more support from senior managers and policy makers to promote cross‐border SCC indirectly.
Manipulation of upconversion property and enhancement of sensitivity by tailoring the local structure
Authors: Lai Fengqin , Cheng Hao , Jiang Zhong , Liu Chao , Liang Tongxiang , You Weixiong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTailoring the local crystal environment around the activators is one of an important way to enhance the upconversion (UC) luminescence intensity. Herein, we substitute the Y3+ lattice with La3+ ion gradually in Y2Ti2O7:Yb3+, Er3+ phosphor and investigate the effect of La3+ concentration on the UC luminescent properties as well as the temperature sensing behaviors. During the phase transformation process from cubic Y2Ti2O7 to monoclinic La2Ti2O7, the La3+ ions also play an important role on the adjustment of size and morphology of particles. Furthermore, the cooperation of La3+ ion is in favor of the crystal growth toward the easy growth directions. The UC luminescence intensities can be enhanced efficiently with the increasing of La3+ concentration. The sensitivity for temperature sensing can be improved by the increasing of La3+ concentration in the Y2Ti2O7 and La2Ti2O7 two‐phase coexistence system and the maximum SA is 45.3 × 10−4 K−1 at 410K when the La3+ concentration is 80%. The maximum SA and corresponding temperature can be adjusted by controlling the La3+ concentration, which means that (Y0.94‐xLax)2Ti2O7: Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors may be applicable to different working environment.
Climate as a major driver of avian diversity in riparian Amazonian habitats along an environmental gradient
Authors: Naka Luciano Nicolas , Laranjeiras Thiago Orsi , Rodrigues Lima Gisiane , Plaskievicz Alice , Pinto Flavia , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of bioclimatic, productivity and topographic variables on avian diversity patterns in riparian habitats along a savanna/humid forest environmental gradient. We investigate how this gradient affects patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversities, and whether the changes observed along the river are the result of taxonomic (and phylogenetic) replacement or nestedness‐resultant dissimilarities. We also explore a potential ecological mechanism to account for differences in species richness along the gradient.LocationBasin of the Rio Branco, northern Amazonia, Brazil.TaxaAn avian community of 325 bird species.MethodsWe sampled avian communities using standardized avian point counts at 16 localities, systematically distributed along the Rio Branco and two of its major tributaries. We compared patterns of species richness using rarefied numbers of species detected, and patterns of phylogenetic diversity with a community‐wide consensus tree. In addition, we partitioned beta diversity in species replacement and nestedness‐resultant dissimilarities. We reduced predictor variables using a principal components analysis, correlating locality scores with changes in diversity. We tested the effect of climatic variables on beta diversity with a distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA).ResultsPatterns of avian composition and species richness were highly correlated with climatic and productivity variables. We found more bird species in less arid localities with higher annual precipitation, and in areas with lower annual temperatures, lower evapotranspiration and less temperature variation throughout the year. Despite differences in species richness, the number of individuals remained relatively similar along the gradient. However, species‐rich localities presented lower average species frequency and median avian biomass. Patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity were correlated with the climatic gradient and were due to species replacements.Main conclusionsClimate represents a major player in structuring avian communities along the Rio Branco, affecting distinct levels of avian diversity organization. We found evidence of species packing, a mechanism to fit more species in the communities. Patterns of species replacement highlight the importance of transitional zones along the gradient and stress their importance as future buffer zones, vital for the survival of bird species under future human‐induced climatic conditions.
Evaluation of cerebral autoregulation performance in patients with arterial hypertension on drug treatment
Authors: Machado Michel Ferreira , Muela Henrique Cotchi Simbo , Costa‐Hong Valeria Aparecida , Yassuda Monica Sanches , Moraes Natalia Cristina , Memória Claudia Maia , Bor‐Seng‐Shu Edson , Massaro Ayrton Roberto , Nitrini Ricardo , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Nogueira Ricardo de Carvalho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCerebral autoregulation (AR) keeps cerebral blood flow constant despite fluctuations in systemic arterial pressure. The final common AR pathway is made up of vasomotor adjustments of cerebrovascular resistance mediated by arterioles. Structural and functional changes in the arteriolar wall arise with age and systemic arterial hypertension. This study evaluated whether AR is impaired in hypertensive patients and whether this impairment differs with disease control. Three groups of patients were prospectively compared: hypertensive patients under treatment with systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mm Hg (n = 54), hypertensive patients under treatment with SBP > 140 or DBP > 90 mm Hg (n = 31), and normotensive volunteers (n = 30). Simultaneous measurements of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and BP were obtained by digital plethysmography and transcranial Doppler, and the AR index (ARI) was defined according to the step response to spontaneous fluctuations in BP. Compared to the uncontrolled hypertension, the normotensive individuals were younger (age 43.42 ± 11.14, P < .05) and had a lower resistance‐area product (1.17 ± 0.24, P < .05), although age and greater arteriolar stiffness did not affect the CBFV mean of hypertensive patients, whether controlled or uncontrolled (62.85 × 58.49 × 58.30 cm/s, P = .29), most likely because their ARIs were not compromised (5.54 × 5.91 × 5.88, P = .6). Hypertensive patients under treatment, regardless of their BP control, have intact AR capacity.