bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth of brightest cluster galaxies and intracluster light over the past 10 billion years
Authors: DeMaio Tahlia , Gonzalez Anthony H , Zabludoff Ann , Zaritsky Dennis , Aldering Greg , Brodwin Mark , Connor Thomas , Donahue Megan , Hayden Brian , Mulchaey John S , Perlmutter Saul , Stanford S A 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We constrain the evolution of the brightest cluster galaxy plus intracluster light (BCG + ICL) using an ensemble of 42 galaxy groups and clusters that span redshifts of z = 0.05−1.75 and masses of M500,c= 2 × 1013−1015 M⊙. Specifically, we measure the relationship between the BCG + ICL stellar mass M⋆ and M500,c at projected radii 10 &lt; r &lt; 100 kpc for three different epochs. At intermediate redshift ($\bar{z}=0.40$), where we have the best data, we find M⋆ ∝ M500,c0.48 ± 0.06. Fixing the exponent of this power law for all redshifts, we constrain the normalization of this relation to be 2.08 ± 0.21 times higher at $\bar{z}=0.40$ than at high redshift ($\bar{z}=1.55$). We find no change in the relation from intermediate to low redshift ($\bar{z}=0.10$). In other words, for fixed M500,c, M⋆ at 10 &lt; r &lt; 100 kpc increases from $\bar{z}=1.55$ to $\bar{z}=0.40$ and not significantly thereafter. Theoretical models predict that the physical mass growth of the cluster from z = 1.5 to z = 0 within r500,c is 1.4×, excluding evolution due to definition of r500,c. We find that M⋆ within the central 100 kpc increases by ∼3.8× over the same period. Thus, the growth of M⋆ in this central region is more than a factor of 2 greater than the physical mass growth of the cluster as a whole. Furthermore, the concentration of the BCG + ICL stellar mass, defined by the ratio of stellar mass within 10 kpc to the total stellar mass within 100 kpc, decreases with increasing M500,c at all z. We interpret this result as evidence for inside–out growth of the BCG + ICL over the past 10 Gyr, with stellar mass assembly occurring at larger radii at later times.
Oxidative damage diminishes mitochondrial DNA polymerase replication fidelity
Authors: Anderson Andrew P , Luo Xuemei , Russell William , Yin Y Whitney 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) resides in a high ROS environment and suffers more mutations than its nuclear counterpart. Increasing evidence suggests that mtDNA mutations are not the results of direct oxidative damage, rather are caused, at least in part, by DNA replication errors. To understand how the mtDNA replicase, Pol γ, can give rise to elevated mutations, we studied the effect of oxidation of Pol γ on replication errors. Pol γ is a high fidelity polymerase with polymerase (pol) and proofreading exonuclease (exo) activities. We show that Pol γ exo domain is far more sensitive to oxidation than pol; under oxidative conditions, exonuclease activity therefore declines more rapidly than polymerase. The oxidized Pol γ becomes editing-deficient, displaying a 20-fold elevated mutations than the unoxidized enzyme. Mass spectrometry analysis reveals that Pol γ exo domain is a hotspot for oxidation. The oxidized exo residues increase the net negative charge around the active site that should reduce the affinity to mismatched primer/template DNA. Our results suggest that the oxidative stress induced high mutation frequency on mtDNA can be indirectly caused by oxidation of the mitochondrial replicase.
Sam68 binds Alu-rich introns in SMN and promotes pre-mRNA circularization
Authors: Pagliarini Vittoria , Jolly Ariane , Bielli Pamela , Di Rosa Valentina , De la Grange Pierre , Sette Claudio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) gene SMN was recently duplicated (SMN1 and SMN2) in higher primates. Furthermore, invasion of the locus by repetitive elements almost doubled its size with respect to mouse Smn, in spite of an almost identical protein-coding sequence. Herein, we found that SMN ranks among the human genes with highest density of Alus, which are evolutionary conserved in primates and often occur in inverted orientation. Inverted repeat Alus (IRAlus) negatively regulate splicing of long introns within SMN, while promoting widespread alternative circular RNA (circRNA) biogenesis. Bioinformatics analyses revealed the presence of ultra-conserved Sam68 binding sites in SMN IRAlus. Cross-link-immunoprecipitation (CLIP), mutagenesis and silencing experiments showed that Sam68 binds in proximity of intronic Alus in the SMN pre-mRNA, thus favouring circRNA biogenesis in vitro and in vivo. These findings highlight a novel layer of regulation in SMN expression, uncover the crucial impact exerted by IRAlus and reveal a role for Sam68 in SMN circRNA biogenesis.
A single amino acid switch converts the Sleeping Beauty transposase into an efficient unidirectional excisionase with utility in stem cell reprogramming
Authors: Kesselring Lisa , Miskey Csaba , Zuliani Cecilia , Querques Irma , Kapitonov Vladimir , Laukó Andrea , Fehér Anita , Palazzo Antonio , Diem Tanja , Lustig Janna , Sebe Attila , Wang Yongming , Dinnyés András , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Barabas Orsolya , Ivics Zoltán 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is an advanced tool for genetic engineering and a useful model to investigate cut-and-paste DNA transposition in vertebrate cells. Here, we identify novel SB transposase mutants that display efficient and canonical excision but practically unmeasurable genomic re-integration. Based on phylogenetic analyses, we establish compensating amino acid replacements that fully rescue the integration defect of these mutants, suggesting epistasis between these amino acid residues. We further show that the transposons excised by the exc+/int− transposase mutants form extrachromosomal circles that cannot undergo a further round of transposition, thereby representing dead-end products of the excision reaction. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the exc+/int− transposase in cassette removal for the generation of reprogramming factor-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Lack of genomic integration and formation of transposon circles following excision is reminiscent of signal sequence removal during V(D)J recombination, and implies that cut-and-paste DNA transposition can be converted to a unidirectional process by a single amino acid change.
The human HELLS chromatin remodelling protein promotes end resection to facilitate homologous recombination and contributes to DSB repair within heterochromatin
Authors: Kollárovič Gabriel , Topping Caitríona E , Shaw Edward P , Chambers Anna L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Efficient double-strand break repair in eukaryotes requires manipulation of chromatin structure. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes facilitate different DNA repair pathways, during different stages of the cell cycle and in varied chromatin environments. The contribution of remodelling factors to double-strand break repair within heterochromatin during G2 is unclear. The human HELLS protein is a Snf2-like chromatin remodeller family member and is mutated or misregulated in several cancers and some cases of ICF syndrome. HELLS has been implicated in the DNA damage response, but its mechanistic function in repair is not well understood. We discover that HELLS facilitates homologous recombination at two-ended breaks and contributes to repair within heterochromatic regions during G2. HELLS promotes initiation of HR by facilitating end-resection and accumulation of CtIP at IR-induced foci. We identify an interaction between HELLS and CtIP and establish that the ATPase domain of HELLS is required to promote DSB repair. This function of HELLS in maintenance of genome stability is likely to contribute to its role in cancer biology and demonstrates that different chromatin remodelling activities are required for efficient repair in specific genomic contexts.
RTHP-43 (LTBK-02). MULTI-TIME POINT EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELL AND LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA RECEIVING ADJUVANT THERAPY
Authors: Sloan Lindsey , Sen Rupashree , Doucet Michele , Blosser Lee , Shpitser Ilya , Sherman Eli , San Numair , Cheng Zhi , Katulis Lisa , Wemmer Jan , Kamson David , Jackson Christina , Hu Chen , McNutt Todd , Grossman Stuart , Holdhoff Matthias , Lim Michael , Redmond Kristin J , Eberhart Charles , Quon Harry , Pardoll Drew , Ganguly Sudipto , Kleinberg Lawrence 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Alterations in peripheral blood cell populations, including myeloid cell subsets and lymphocytes, have been associated with poor prognostic outcomes in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). To date, evaluation of these populations has largely been on freeze-thawed samples at a limited number of time points. The purpose of our study is to identify the frequency and activation status of tumor-supportive myeloid and lymphocyte subsets during the course of standard adjuvant therapy in patients with GBM in fresh peripheral blood samples. We hypothesize that dysfunctional myeloid and lymphocyte populations expand during standard care temozolomide (TMZ)/radiation therapy (RT). We prospectively enrolled 16 patients with a new diagnosis of GBM that underwent maximal safe surgical resection. Twelve received standard adjuvant therapy consisting of six weeks of TMZ/RT. Four received alternative therapies: one experimental chemotherapeutic/three alternative radiation schemes. Peripheral blood was obtained seven times over the course of adjuvant therapy: prior to starting adjuvant therapy, five during treatment, and once one month after completion of therapy. Eleven patients completed all seven time points. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, focusing on immune checkpoints and critical markers of activation of systemic immunity. Available preliminary data demonstrate a median increase of 2.1% (-21.2–27.4%) in the frequency (%fx) of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) after commencement of adjuvant therapy at time point 2 (TP2), compared to baseline. To date, 7/16 patients are alive and without evidence of recurrent disease on imaging. The majority of these patients had a decrease in %fx of MDSC at TP2, after starting adjuvant therapy, compared to baseline. The %fx of CD8+ T cells was greatest at TP7 (range: 21.7%-67.0%), one month after TMZ/RT, for most patients. PD-1 and FOXP3 expression by lymphocytes was variable across time points, suggesting the importance of additional factors which will be explored through future analyses. These early findings suggest that the immune response changes throughout the course of TMZ/RT. An understanding of these changes in the peripheral blood, termed immunodynamics in the context of our studies, may be valuable future tool to aid in optimizing immunity in patients with GBM.
Publication Bias and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns
Authors: Chen Andrew Y , Zimmermann Tom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe develop an estimator for publication bias-adjusted returns and apply it to 156 published long-short portfolios. Our adjustment uses only in-sample data and provides sharper inferences than out-of-sample tests. Bias-adjusted returns are only 12.3% smaller than in-sample returns with a standard error of 1.7 percentage points. The small bias comes from the dispersion of returns across predictors, which is too large to be explained by data-mined noise. The bias is much smaller than post-publication decay (p-value ¡.0001), suggesting mispricing is important. Our results offer a different perspective about recent papers that find most published predictors are likely false.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Enterprising Women: Independence, Finance and Virago Press, c.1976–93
Authors: Withers D -M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Virago Press were established in 1972 and became one of the twentieth century’s most enduring publishing brands. As a women-led enterprise, articulations of independence have defined key moments in Virago’s history. This article explores two moments when the company re-structured as independent, in 1976 and 1987. To become successful, Virago had to overcome barriers that have historically hindered women’s participation in business, namely limited social capital and difficulties accessing finance. Virago founder Carmen Callil’s friendship with publisher Paul Hamlyn and printing entrepreneur Robert Gavron embedded Virago in networks of male entrepreneurial knowledge that helped shape the evolution of the company. Such networks were vital to Virago securing investment from Rothschilds Ventures Limited in 1987 who were, at that time, leading figures in the UK’s growing private equity industry. This article contributes to growing historical understanding of the synergies between financial, arts and culture industries in the 1980s. It argues that while this era offered new opportunities for women to participate in business, such participation was tempered by new forms of legal and financial discipline that re-calibrated existing gender inequalities within business cultures. Due to the time periods under consideration, this article also analyses how entrepreneurial practices and opportunities for women changed dramatically with the onset of Thatcher’s ‘Enterprise Culture’.
Exploring students’ proof comprehension of the Cauchy Generalized Mean Value Theorem
Authors: Kolahdouz Fahimeh , Radmehr Farzad , Alamolhodaei Hassan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUndergraduate students majoring in mathematics often face difficulties in comprehending mathematical proofs. Inspired by a number of studies related to students’ proof comprehension, and Mejia-Ramos et al.’s study in particular, a test was designed in relation to the proof comprehension of the Cauchy Generalized Mean Value Theorem (CGMVT). The test mainly focused on (a.) investigating students’ understanding of relations between the statements within the CGMVT proof and (b.) the relations between the CGMVT and other theorems. Thirty-five first-year university students voluntarily participated in this study. In addition, 10 of these students were subsequently interviewed to seek their opinion about the test. Test results indicated that most of the students lacked an understanding of the relations between the mathematical statements within the CGMVT proof, and the relations between the CGMVT and other theorems. The results of interviews showed that this type of assessment was new to students and helped them to improve their insights into mathematical proofs. The findings suggested such a test design could be used more frequently in assessments to aid instructors’ understanding of students’ proof comprehension and to teach students how mathematical proofs should be learned.
Boosting Chinese healthcare service providers’ utilization of behavioural and pharmacotherapy interventions for cigarette smoking cessation by ‘WeChat WeQuit’ program
Authors: Liao Yanhui , Wang Yunfei , Wu Zhenzhen , Liu Yuhang , Wang Chudong , Tang Jinsong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn China, standard smoking cessation practices are rarely used by healthcare service providers (HSPs). WeChat, a popular social media app, has been widely used in China.MethodsIn this single-blind, randomized trial, undertaken in China with 8-week interventions and follow-up to 52 weeks, about 2,200 providers from different health care settings will be randomly selected to the intervention or control group. This trial will be conducted in China between June 2018 to October 2019. The intervention group will receive regular smoking cessation training program messages by the professional team to 8 weeks and follow to 52 weeks. A hard copy of the manual will be sent to each provider from the intervention group by mail after randomization. The Control group will only communicate by themselves and receive thanks messages for 8 weeks, and follow-up to 52 weeks. The trial will be carried out in two phases. The first phase is the pilot study (n=200, 8-week intervention and follow-up to 16 weeks) and the second is the main study (n=2000, 8-week intervention and follow-up to 52 weeks). The primary outcome measure will be the utilization rate of behavioural and pharmacotherapy interventions for smoking patients from 8 to 52 weeks. This trial is registered atClinicalTrials.gov(numberNCT03556774).ConclusionsThis program will be the first evidence-based educational program in smoking cessation designed specifically for the improvement of Chinese HSPs’ utilization of behavioural and pharmacotherapy interventions for cigarette smoking cessation in health care settings by the ‘WeChat WeQuit’ program.ImplicationsThis protocol may show that ‘WeChat WeQuit’ training program will be effective in increasing the provision of effective tobacco cessation interventions by Chinese-speaking HSPs, especially therapists, to patients with cigarette smoking, which will provide valuable insights into bridging the gap between need and services for smoking cessation in China. Overall, we believe this program will be likely to have very substantial public health benefits if it would provide a widely accessible and efficacious smoking cessation information for Chinese HSPs.
Access to internet, smartphone usage, and acceptability of mobile health technology among cancer patients
Authors: Potdar Rashmika , Thomas Arun , DiMeglio Matthew , Mohiuddin Kamran , Djibo Djeneba Audrey , Laudanski Krzysztof , Dourado Claudia M. , Leighton John Charles , Ford Jean G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies to augment patient care, enables providers to communicate remotely with patients enhancing the quality of care and patient engagement. Few studies addressed barriers to its implementation, especially in medically underserved populations.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 151 cancer patients was conducted at an academic medical center in the United States. A trained interviewer performed structured interviews regarding the barriers and facilitators of patients’ current and desired utilization of technology for healthcare services.ResultsOf the 151 participants, 35.8% were male and ages ranged from 21-104 years. Only 73.5% of participants currently have daily access to internet, and 68.2% currently own a smartphone capable of displaying mobile applications. Among all participants, utilization of a daily mHealth application was significantly higher in patients with a college-level degree (OR; 2.78, p<0.01) and lower in older patients (OR; 0.05, p<0.01). Differences in utilization when adjusted for current smartphone use and daily access to internet were nonsignificant. Among smartphone users, the desire to increase cancer knowledge was associated with a higher likelihood of utilizing a mHealth application (OR; 261.53, p<0.01).ConclusionThe study suggests the access to mobile technology is the predominant determinant of utilization. Healthcare organizations should consider these factors when launching patient engagement platforms.
Targeted Memory Reactivation Increases Memory Recall: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Lieber Thomas 
Published: November 2019

abstractResearch on Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) shows that it’s a successful for increasing memory recall. However, As of yet no systematic study had been conducted to evaluate to what extend TMR can increase recall. This study used a comprehensive literature search to attempt to find all studies conducted in which TMR is used to increase memory recall. Methodological quality, study characteristics and where possible descriptive statistics were extracted from the studies. In total, 41 studies were identified, 26 of which included enough descriptive data to be included in the meta-analysis. The results indicated that the average methodological quality was good. Furthermore, TMR significantly increased memory recall. The subgroup analysis for modality was not significant, while the subgroup analysis for type of memory did yield a significant result. Overall, TMR seems to have small to medium effect on memory recall, is independent of modality and depends on memory.
Image memorability is predicted by discriminability and similarity in different stages of a convolutional neural network
Authors: Koch Griffin E. , Akpan Essang , Coutanche Marc N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe features of an image can be represented at multiple levels – from its low-level visual properties to high-level meaning. What drives some images to be memorable while others are forgettable? We address this question across two behavioral experiments. In the first, different layers of a convolutional neural network (CNN), which represent progressively higher levels of features, were used to select the images that would be shown to 100 participants through a form of prospective assignment. Here, the discriminability/similarity of an image with others, according to different CNN layers dictated the images presented to different groups, who made a simple indoor vs. outdoor judgment for each scene. We find that participants remember more scene images that were selected based on their low-level discriminability or high-level similarity. A second experiment replicated these results in an independent sample of fifty participants, with a different order of post-encoding tasks. Together, these experiments provide evidence that both discriminability and similarity, at different visual levels, predict image memorability.
Adversarial generation of gene expression data
Authors: Viñas Ramon , Andrés-Terré Helena , Liò Pietro , Bryson Kevin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe problem of reverse engineering gene regulatory networks from high-throughput expression data is one of the biggest challenges in bioinformatics. In order to benchmark network inference algorithms, simulators of well-characterized expression datasets are often required. However, existing simulators have been criticized because they fail to emulate key properties of gene expression data.In this study we address two problems. First, we propose mechanisms to faithfully assess the realism of a synthetic gene expression dataset. Second, we design an adversarial simulator of expression data, gGAN, based on a Generative Adversarial Network. We show that our model outperforms existing simulators by a large margin, achieving realism scores that are up to 17 times higher than those of GeneNetWeaver and SynTReN. More importantly, our results show that gGAN is, to our best knowledge, the first simulator that passes the Turing test for gene expression data proposed by Maier et al. (2013).