bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of natural support capacity of water resources using principal component analysis method: a case study of Fuyang district, China
Authors: Cao Feifeng , Lu Yi , Dong Shaojun , Li Xiaolong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe natural support capacity (NSC) of water resources is a key aspect of the regional carrying capacity of water resources, and it can reflect the quality and quantity of water resources in a region. This paper aims to evaluate the NSC of water resources using a model based on the principal component analysis (PCA) to benefit the development and utilization of regional water resources. A case study in the Fuyang district, Zhejiang Province, China, was carried out. First, water resources, as dependent variables, were assumed to be linearly influenced by the indicators affecting the NSC of water resources. These indicators were regarded as independent variables for multivariate analysis in this study. Then, the available water resources data for the Fuyang district between 1995 and 2003 were inputted to the model to analyze NSC levels of water resources. The results indicated that the most important parameters influencing the NSC of water resources could be shortlisted to water resources availability, surface water resources, groundwater resources, allowable withdrawal of water resources, and emission intensity of chemical oxygen demanding. Our findings revealed that the NSC of water resources in the Fuyang district fluctuated between 1995 and 1999 and generally declined after 2000, indicating that the issue of water pollution has worsened since 2000. These results are consistent with the field observations and thus shall provide new potential applications of a PCA-based model in evaluating the NSC of water resources and the relevant water resource carrying capacity for similar areas.
SHANK2 is a frequently amplified oncogene with evolutionarily conserved roles in regulating Hippo signaling
Authors: Xu Liang , Li Peixue , Hao Xue , Lu Yi , Liu Mingxian , Song Wenqian , Shan Lin , Yu Jiao , Ding Hongyu , Chen Shishuang , Yang Ailing , Zeng Yi Arial , Zhang Lei , Jiang Hai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDysfunction of the Hippo pathway enables cells to evade contact inhibition and provides advantages for cancerous overgrowth. However, for a significant portion of human cancer, how Hippo signaling is perturbed remains unknown. To answer this question, we performed a genome-wide screening for genes that affect the Hippo pathway in Drosophila and cross-referenced the hit genes with human cancer genome. In our screen, Prosap was identified as a novel regulator of the Hippo pathway that potently affects tissue growth. Interestingly, a mammalian homolog of Prosap, SHANK2, is the most frequently amplified gene on 11q13, a major tumor amplicon in human cancer. Gene amplification profile in this 11q13 amplicon clearly indicates selective pressure for SHANK2 amplification. More importantly, across the human cancer genome, SHANK2 is the most frequently amplified gene that is not located within the Myc amplicon. Further studies in multiple human cell lines confirmed that SHANK2 overexpression causes deregulation of Hippo signaling through competitive binding for a LATS1 activator, and as a potential oncogene, SHANK2 promotes cellular transformation and tumor formation in vivo. In cancer cell lines with deregulated Hippo pathway, depletion of SHANK2 restores Hippo signaling and ceases cellular proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that SHANK2 is an evolutionarily conserved Hippo pathway regulator, commonly amplified in human cancer and potently promotes cancer. Our study for the first time illustrated oncogenic function of SHANK2, one of the most frequently amplified gene in human cancer. Furthermore, given that in normal adult tissues, SHANK2’s expression is largely restricted to the nervous system, SHANK2 may represent an interesting target for anticancer therapy.
Photocarcinogenesis
Authors: Subhadarshani Sweta , Athar Mohammad , Elmets Craig A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Skin cancers account for more than 40% of all cancers in the USA and continue to rise in incidence. It is prudent to understand the current burden and pathogenesis of photocarcinogenesis and preventive measures.

Recent Findings
Insights into recently discovered mechanisms have paved way for potential targets for prevention and therapeutics. Nicotinamide has shown promising results as an oral chemopreventive agent. UVB affects the DHODH pathway of pyrimidine synthesis via STAT 3. DHODH inhibition by leflunomide may be a potential targeted chemoprevention strategy. A photolyase containing sunscreen, which repairs UV-damaged DNA, effectively reduced new precancerous lesions. Several antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents including many phytochemicals ameliorate the process of photocarcinogenesis in preclinical and clinical studies, e.g., green tea polyphenols, Polypodium leucotomos extract, and Timosaponin A III. Diet can potentially affect skin cancer risk by its ability to modify oxidative stress and cell signaling pathways.

Summary
Photocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process. An in-depth understanding is instrumental in development of novel agents for prevention and treatment of skin cancers.
Sequence stratigraphy, paleogeography, and coal accumulation regularity of major coal-accumulating periods in China
Authors: Shao Longyi , Wang Xuetian , Wang Dongdong , Li Mingpei , Wang Shuai , Li Yingjiao , Shao Kai , Zhang Chao , Gao Caixia , Dong Daxiao , Cheng Aiguo , Lu Jing , Ji Congwei , Gao Di 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere are 9 major coal-accumulating periods during geological history in China, including the Early Carboniferous, Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, Middle Permian, Late Permian, Late Triassic, Early-Middle Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, Paleogene and Neogene. The coal formed in these periods were developed in different coal-accumulating areas (CAA) including the North China, South China, Northwest China, Northeast China, the Qinghai–Tibet area, and China offshore area. In this paper, we investigated depositional environments, sequence stratigraphy, lithofacies paleogeography and coal accumulation pattern of five major coal-accumulating periods including the Late Carboniferous to Middle Permian of the North China CAA, the Late Permian of the South China CAA, the Late Triassic of the South China CAA, the Early-Middle Jurassic of the North and Northwest China CAA, and the Early Cretaceous in the Northeast China CAA. According to distribution of the coal-bearing strata and the regional tectonic outlines, we have identified distribution range of the coal-forming basins, sedimentary facies types and coal-accumulating models. The sequence stratigraphic frameworks of the major coal-accumulating periods were established based on recognition of a variety of sequence boundaries. The distribution of thick coals and migration patterns of the coal-accumulating centers in the sequence stratigraphic framework were analyzed. The lithofacies paleogeography maps based on third-order sequences were reconstructed and the distribution of coal accumulation centers and coal-rich belts were predicted.
Messung medienpädagogischer Kompetenz von Lehrenden in der Weiterbildung
Authors: Schmidt-Hertha Bernhard , Rott Karin Julia , Bolten Ricarda , Rohs Matthias 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmenden Digitalisierung wird ein Modell medienpädagogischer Kompetenz für Professionelle in der Weiterbildung vorgestellt. Dieses Modell knüpft an Vorarbeiten aus der Erwachsenenbildungsforschung und Schulforschung an und wurde empirisch geprüft. Das entwickelte Testinstrument wurde an einer Stichprobe von 622 Lehrenden aus der Erwachsenenbildung erprobt und die Ergebnisse bestätigen im Wesentlichen dessen Struktur, die medienpädagogische Kompetenz in vier Teilfacetten unterteilt. Die Daten ermöglichen darüber hinaus erstmals Aussagen über die medienpädagogische Kompetenz unterschiedlicher Teilgruppen von Lehrenden zu machen und verweisen auf diesbezügliche Differenzen in Abhängigkeit von soziodemografischen und erwerbsbiografischen Variablen.
A Comparative Study of the Experience of Boredom in the L2 and L3 Classroom
Authors: Kruk Mariusz , Zawodniak Joanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates whether there is a significant difference in experiencing boredom between the L2 and L3 classroom. It begins with a comparison between L2 and L3 acquisition, after which the phenomenon of boredom is highlighted, including its definition, typology, causes, and related research. This is followed by a description of the study intended to qualitatively and quantitatively examine the English majors’ perceptions of boredom in learning the L2 (English) and the L3 (German). Gathered data enabled the authors to comparatively approach changes in the levels of boredom in the L2 and L3 classroom as well as single out the factors responsible for student boredom in those two learning contexts. The main contributors to this problematic condition encompassed, among others, insufficient teacher engagement, the repeated use of the same teaching tools, uninteresting topics, and a lack of meaning in learning. Although the feelings of L2 and L3 boredom were not found to significantly differ, the overall level of this experience turned out to be higher in the L2 classroom. Finally, the authors formulate their own definition of boredom based on the analysis of obtained results and propose a handful of pedagogical implications.
Social network change after moving into permanent supportive housing: Who stays and who goes?
Authors: Rhoades Harmony , Hsu Hsun-ta , Rice Eric , Harris Taylor , La Motte-Kerr Wichada , Winetrobe Hailey , Henwood Benjamin , Wenzel Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSocial relationships are important among persons experiencing homelessness, but there is little research on changes in social networks among persons moving into permanent supportive housing (PSH). Using data collected as part of a longitudinal study of 405 adults (aged 39+) moving into PSH, this study describes network upheaval during this critical time of transition. Interviews conducted prior to and after three months of living in PSH assessed individual-level (demographics, homelessness history, health, and mental health) and social network characteristics, including network size and composition (demographics, relationship type, and social support). Interviewers utilized network member characteristics to assess whether network members were new or sustained between baseline and three months post-housing. Multilevel logistic regression models assessed characteristics of network members associated with being newly gained or persisting in networks three months after PSH move-in. Results show only one-third of social networks were retained during the transition to PSH, and veterans, African Americans, and other racial/ethnic minorities, and those living in scattered site housing, were more likely to experience network disruption. Relatives, romantic partners, and service providers were most likely to be retained after move-in. Some network change was moderated by tie strength, including the retention of street-met persons. Implications are discussed.
CHRONOLOGY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF PLAYA DEL MANGO, RIO CAUTO, GRANMA, CUBA
Authors: Chinique de Armas Yadira , González Herrera Ulises M , Buhay William M , Yero Masdeu José M , Viera Sanfiel Luis M , Burchell Meghan , Crann Carley , Grau González-Quevedo Esteban R , Roksandic Mirjana 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTFewer than 200 radiocarbon (14C) dates with secure contextual information are available for Cuba, making it challenging to reconstruct Caribbean indigenous population dynamics, their identities and interactions. In this paper, we discussed 21 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates from two mounds (M1 and M2) at the Playa del Mango site (Granma province, Cuba), traditionally associated with the Banwaroid stone tool tradition. The ΔR calculated for the site was –132.0 ± 176 and –164.0 ± 68. The chronology of burials from the peripheral area of M2 suggested that the cemetery was continuously used from at least cal BC 116–AD 241 (2 σ). The domestic area of M2 was used at minimum between cal BC 55–AD 435 (2 σ), which encompasses the use of the funerary areas. An isolated human tooth from M1 [cal AD 125–435 (2 σ)] suggested that this funerary area is later than the one at the periphery of M2, and possibly contemporaneous with the later formation of the M2 shell midden. The archaeological assemblage of the “Banwaroid tradition” is widely distributed in Cuba, and mixed with other archaeological traditions, supporting that a complex web of human interactions took place in the Caribbean in precolonial times.
Jones v. Ministry of Interior of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , Steinerte Elina , Wallace Rebecca M. M. 
Published: July 2020

Jones v. Ministry of Interior of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Case No. [2006] UKHL 26. At <http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld/ldjudgmt.htm>.House of Lords, June 14, 2006.The House of Lords handed down judgment in Jones v. Ministry of Interior of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on June 14, 2006. The case concerns an action in damages brought by Jones and three other applicants, all UK citizens, falsely accused of involvement in bombings in Riyadh in 2001 and 2002. The four allege that they were repeatedly tortured while in prison in Saudi Arabia and that they suffered severe psychological and physical harm as a result. Seeking aggravated and exemplary damages from Saudi Arabia's Ministry of the Interior and the Saudi officials allegedly responsible, the applicants filed claims of, inter alia, torture, assault and battery, trespass to the person, and unlawful imprisonment. In the proceedings before the Court of Appeal, Saudi Arabia claimed immunity on its own behalf and on that of its officials. The Court of Appeal agreed with the former but denied the latter; all the involved parties appealed the decision. The House of Lords agreed with Saudi Arabia by upholding state immunity in civil proceedings brought against a state and its officials in a different country for alleged torture.
Using an adoption design to test genetically based differences in risk for child behavior problems in response to home environmental influences
Authors: Cree Robyn A. , Liu Chang , Gueorguieva Ralitza , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Leve Leslie D. , Connell Christian M. , Shaw Daniel S. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Ganiban Jody M. , Beekman Charles , Smith Megan V. , Reiss David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDifferential susceptibility theory (DST) posits that individuals differ in their developmental plasticity: some children are highly responsive to both environmental adversity and support, while others are less affected. According to this theory, “plasticity” genes that confer risk for psychopathology in adverse environments may promote superior functioning in supportive environments. We tested DST using a broad measure of child genetic liability (based on birth parent psychopathology), adoptive home environmental variables (e.g., marital warmth, parenting stress, and internalizing symptoms), and measures of child externalizing problems (n= 337) and social competence (n= 330) in 54-month-old adopted children from the Early Growth and Development Study. This adoption design is useful for examining DST because children are placed at birth or shortly thereafter with nongenetically related adoptive parents, naturally disentangling heritable and postnatal environmental effects. We conducted a series of multivariable regression analyses that included Gene × Environment interaction terms and found little evidence of DST; rather, interactions varied depending on the environmental factor of interest, in both significance and shape. Our mixed findings suggest further investigation of DST is warranted before tailoring screening and intervention recommendations to children based on their genetic liability or “sensitivity.”
Improving Information Extraction From Simulated Discharge Using Sensitivity‐Weighted Performance Criteria
Authors: Guse B. , Pfannerstill M. , Fohrer N. , Gupta H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to seasonal or interannual variability, the relevance of hydrological processes and of the associated model parameters can vary significantly throughout the simulation period. To achieve accurately identified model parameters, temporal variations in parameter dominance should be taken into account. This is not achieved if performance criteria are applied to the entire model output time series. Even when using complementary performance criteria, it is often only possible to identify some of the model parameters precisely. We present an innovative approach to improve parameter identifiability that exploits the information available regarding temporal variations in parameter dominance. Using daily parameter sensitivity time series, we construct a set of sensitivity‐weighted performance criteria, one for each parameter, whereby periods of higher dominance of a model parameter and its corresponding process are assigned higher weights in the calculation of the associated performance criterion. These criteria are used to impose constraints on parameter values. We demonstrate this approach by constraining 12 model parameters for three catchments and examine ensemble hydrological simulations generated using these constrained parameter sets. The sensitivity‐weighted approach improves in particular the identifiability for parameters whose corresponding processes are dominant only for short periods of time or have strong seasonal patterns. This results overall in slight improvement of model performance for a set of 10 contrasting performance criteria. We conclude that the sensitivity‐weighted approach improves the extraction of hydrologically relevant information from data, thereby resulting in improved parameter identifiability and better representation of model parameters.
Energetic Electron Scattering due to Whistler Mode Chorus Waves Using Realistic Magnetic Field and Density Models in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Ma Q. , Li W. , Zhang X.‐J. , Bagenal F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe evaluate energetic electron scattering in pitch angle and energy using realistic magnetic field and density models due to whistler mode chorus waves in Jupiter's magnetosphere and study their dependences on various wave and background parameters. We calculate the bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients by considering the latitudinal variation of total electron density and ambient magnetic field intensity, using the VIP4 internal magnetic field and CAN current sheet model. The electron phase space density evolution due to chorus waves is simulated at M shell of 10, using the central wave frequency at 0.1fce and wave amplitude of 30 pT. Under the typical values of the ratio between the plasma frequency and electron cyclotron frequency, chorus waves could cause fast pitch angle scattering loss of energetic electrons from tens to several hundred keV in several hours, and gradual acceleration of relativistic electrons at several MeV in several days. The electron pitch angle scattering at ~500 keV and the acceleration at several MeV are both enhanced using the latitudinally varying density and VIP4 + CAN magnetic field model compared to the electron evolution using the constant density and dipole magnetic field model. Our sensitivity study indicates that the electron scattering at higher energy is caused by waves at lower frequencies or in a lower‐density background plasma, and the scattering is faster for waves at smaller wave normal angles. The electron diffusion is mainly caused by waves at lower latitudes, but the waves at higher latitudes (>30°) contribute to the electron loss at higher energies (>2 MeV).
Improving Forecast Skill of Lowland Hydrological Models Using Ensemble Kalman Filter and Unscented Kalman Filter
Authors: Sun Y. , Bao W. , Valk K. , Brauer C. C. , Sumihar J. , Weerts A. H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor operational water management in lowlands and polders (for instance, in the Netherlands), lowland hydrological models are used for flow prediction, often as an input for a real‐time control system to steer water with pumps and weirs to keep water levels within acceptable bounds. Therefore, proper initialization of these models is essential. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been widely used due to its relative simplicity and robustness, while the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has received little attention in the operational context. Here, we test both UKF and EnKF using a lowland lumped hydrological model. The results of a reforecast experiment in an operational context using an hourly time step show that when using nine ensemble members, both filters can improve the accuracy of the forecast by updating the state of a lumped hydrological model (Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator, WALRUS) based on the observed discharge, while UKF has achieved better performance than EnKF. Additionally, we show that an increase in the ensemble members does not necessarily mean a significant increase in performance. WALRUS model with either UKF or EnKF could be considered for hydrological forecasting for supporting water management of polders and lowlands, with UKF being the computationally leaner option.
Cancer cells undergoing epigenetic transition show short-term resistance and are transformed into cells with medium-term resistance by drug treatment
Authors: Poojan Shiv , Bae Seung-Hyun , Min Jae-Woong , Lee Eun Young , Song Yura , Kim Hee Yeon , Sim Hye Won , Kang Eun-Kyung , Kim Young-Ho , Lee Hae-Ock , Hong Yourae , Park Woong-Yang , Jang Hyonchol , Hong Kyeong-Man 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance, epigenetically reprogrammed H460 cancer cells (R-H460) were established by the transient introduction of reprogramming factors. Then, the R-H460 cells were induced to differentiate by the withdrawal of stem cell media for various durations, which resulted in differentiated R-H460 cells (dR-H460). Notably, dR-H460 cells differentiated for 13 days (13dR-H460 cells) formed a significantly greater number of colonies showing drug resistance to both cisplatin and paclitaxel, whereas the dR-H460 cells differentiated for 40 days (40dR-H460 cells) lost drug resistance; this suggests that 13dR-cancer cells present short-term resistance (less than a month). Similarly, increased drug resistance to both cisplatin and paclitaxel was observed in another R-cancer cell model prepared from N87 cells. The resistant phenotype of the cisplatin-resistant (CR) colonies obtained through cisplatin treatment was maintained for 2–3 months after drug treatment, suggesting that drug treatment transforms cells with short-term resistance into cells with medium-term resistance. In single-cell analyses, heterogeneity was not found to increase in 13dR-H460 cells, suggesting that cancer cells with short-term resistance, rather than heterogeneous cells, may confer epigenetically driven drug resistance in our reprogrammed cancer model. The epigenetically driven short-term and medium-term drug resistance mechanisms could provide new cancer-fighting strategies involving the control of cancer cells during epigenetic transition.