bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive photobiont sharing in a rapidly radiating cyanolichen clade
Authors: Dal Forno Manuela , Lawrey James D. , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Gillevet Patrick M. , Schuettpelz Eric , Lücking Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent studies have uncovered remarkable diversity in Dictyonema s.lat. basidiolichens, here recognized as subtribe Dictyonemateae. This group includes five genera and 148 species, but hundreds more await description. The photobionts of these lichens belong to Rhizonema, a recently resurrected cyanobacterial genus known by a single species. To further investigate photobiont diversity within Dictyonemateae, we generated 765 new cyanobacterial sequences from 635 specimens collected from 18 countries. The ITS barcoding locus supported the recognition of 200 mycobiont (fungal) species among these samples, but the photobiont diversity was comparatively low. Our analyses revealed three main divisions of Rhizonema, with two repeatedly recovered as monophyletic (proposed as new species), and the third mostly paraphyletic. The paraphyletic lineage corresponds to R. interruptum and partnered with mycobionts from all five genera in Dictyonemateae. There was no evidence of photobiont‐mycobiont co‐speciation, but one of the monophyletic lineages of Rhizonema appears to partner predominantly with one of the two major clades of Cora (mycobiont) with samples collected largely from the northern Andes. Molecular clock estimations indicate the Rhizonema species are much older than the fungal species in the Dictyonemateae, suggesting that these basidiolichens obtained their photobionts from older ascolichen lineages and the photobiont variation in extant lineages of Dictyonemateae is the result of multiple photobiont switches. These results support the hypothesis of lichens representing "fungal farmers," in which diverse mycobiont lineages associate with a substantially lower diversity of photobionts by sharing those photobionts best suited for the lichen symbiosis among multiple and often unrelated mycobiont lineages.
Role of serum amylase and salivary cytokines in oral complications during chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kawahara Kenta , Hiraki Akimitsu , Arita Hidetaka , Takeshita Hisashi , Hirosue Akiyuki , Matsuoka Yuichiro , Sakata Junki , Obayashi Yuko , Nakashima Hikaru , Hirayama Mayumi , Nagata Masashi , Yoshida Ryoji , Shinohara Masanori , Nakayama Hideki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether serum amylase can predict the recovery of salivary volume and determine the correlation of the level of cytokines, including epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor, with oral mucositis during chemoradiotherapy for oral cancer.Subjects and MethodsThis study included 84 patients treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by curative surgery, following a phase II study protocol. We measured and analysed the correlation of the stimulated saliva volume, serum amylase and cytokines in resting saliva at baseline and 1 month after chemoradiotherapy with oral mucositis levels.ResultsWe observed a negative correlation between the serum amylase level at the beginning of chemoradiotherapy and the stimulated saliva volume at 1 month after chemoradiotherapy (p = .03). Epidermal growth factor in resting saliva was significantly reduced after chemoradiotherapy (p < .01). The incidence of severe oral mucositis during chemoradiotherapy was significantly higher and negatively associated with the epidermal growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor levels (p = .04, p = .05).ConclusionsThe serum amylase level at the beginning of chemoradiotherapy may be a predictor of the recovery of the saliva volume. Furthermore, cytokines such as epidermal growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor in resting saliva affect the development of oral mucositis during chemoradiotherapy.
Synchrotron x‐ray fluorescence analysis reveals diagenetic alteration of fossil melanosome trace metal chemistry
Authors: Rogers Christopher S. , Webb Samuel M. , McNamara Maria E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA key feature of the pigment melanin is its high binding affinity for trace metal ions. In modern vertebrates trace metals associated with melanosomes, melanin‐rich organelles, can show tissue‐specific and taxon‐specific distribution patterns. Such signals preserve in fossil melanosomes, informing on the anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of fossil vertebrates. Fossil and modern melanosomes, however, often differ in trace metal chemistry; in particular, melanosomes from fossil vertebrate eyes are depleted in Zn and enriched in Cu relative to their extant counterparts. Whether these chemical differences are biological or taphonomic in origin is unknown, limiting our ability to use melanosome trace metal chemistry to test palaeobiological hypotheses. Here, we use maturation experiments on eye melanosomes from extant vertebrates and synchrotron rapid scan‐x‐ray fluorescence analysis to show that thermal maturation can dramatically alter melanosome trace element chemistry. In particular, maturation of melanosomes in Cu‐rich solutions results in significant depletion of Zn, probably due to low pH and competition effects with Cu. These results confirm fossil melanosome chemistry is susceptible to alteration due to variations in local chemical conditions during diagenesis. Maturation experiments can provide essential data on melanosome chemical taphonomy required for accurate interpretations of preserved chemical signatures in fossils.
Outcomes from wake up safe, the pediatric anesthesia quality improvement initiative
Authors: Haché Manon , Sun Lena S. , Gadi Ghadah , Busse Jennifer , Lee Angela C. , Lorinc Amanda , Rampersad Sally 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWake Up Safe, a Patient Safety Organization founded by the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, collects data on serious adverse events along with demographic data from all pediatric patients receiving anesthesia care at participating institutions. This report reviews all events occurring between 2010 and 2015 and focuses on common adverse events that are anesthesia‐related.AimsDetermine which adverse events were most common from 2010 to 2015 among participating Wake Up Safe institutions. Determine how many anesthesia‐related events were deemed to be preventable.MethodsThis is a descriptive report. The Wake Up Safe registry data were queried on September 29, 2017. Institutions were included if they had complete demographic data and at least 5 adverse events per year reported. At that time, 19 out of 29 institutions had complete demographic data for events from 2010 to 2015. This study describes demographic data and adverse events from these nineteen institutions. Descriptive data were extracted, and event rate was calculated for each adverse event category. In events that were assessed as primarily related to anesthesia, further detailed analysis was performed.ResultsOf all reported adverse events (2544 events), the most common were cardiac arrests (646, 31.6%), respiratory complications (598, 29.2%), and medication events (345, 16.9%). Of all anesthesia‐related events (612 events), medication events were the most common (239, 31.9%), followed by respiratory complications (181, 24.1%), and cardiac arrests (139, 18.5%). Overall, 85% of anesthesia‐related serious adverse events were deemed somewhat or almost certainly preventable.ConclusionsThe majority of anesthesia‐related serious adverse events reported to the Wake Up Safe database are preventable. Medication events are the most common anesthesia‐related adverse events. Innovations aimed at decreasing medication events may be the most impactful.
Online Abortion Drug Sales in Indonesia: A Quality of Care Assessment
Authors: Moore Ann M. , Philbin Jesse , Ariawan Iwan , Budiharsana Meiwita , Murro Rachel , Aryanty Riznawaty Imma , Bankole Akinrinola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study sought to understand the experience of buying misoprostol online for pregnancy termination in Indonesia. We conducted a mystery client study August through October, 2019. Interactions were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, along with the contents of the packages. One hundred ten sellers were contacted, from whom mystery clients made 76 purchases and received 64 drug packages. Almost all sellers sold “packets” containing multiple drugs; 73 percent of packets contained misoprostol, and 47 percent contained at least 800 mcg of misoprostol. Thirty‐four packets contained insufficient drugs to complete an abortion. When compared to WHO standards, 87 percent of sellers imparted incomplete information about potential physical effects; no seller provided information about possible complications. Women buying misoprostol from informal online drugs sellers will be underprepared for understanding potential side effects and complications. Educational activities are needed to increase women's access to information about safe use of misoprostol as a harm reduction strategy.
Age and training volume influence joint kinetics during running
Authors: Paquette Max R. , Powell Douglas W. , DeVita Paul 
Published: October 2020

Recently, we proposed the hypothesis that weekly running volume and preferred running pace may play a role in preserving ankle joint kinetics in middle‐age runners as ankle joint kinetics were generally similar in young and middle‐aged runners with similar running volume and preferred pace. To further address this hypothesis, we compared lower extremity joint kinetics between high and low training volume runners in both young and middle‐aged groups. Joint kinetics calculated from 3D kinematic and ground reaction force data during over‐ground running at 2.7 m·s−1 from young and middle‐aged runners who ran low or high weekly volume were analyzed. A two‐factor analysis of variance was used to compare joint kinetics between age and running volume groups. Positive hip work was greater in middle‐aged compared to young runners (P = .005). Plantarflexor torque (P = .009) and positive ankle work (P = .042) were greater in young compared to middle‐aged runners. Positive ankle work was also greater in the high compared to the low volume group (P = .021). Finally, age by volume interactions were found for knee extensor torque (P = .024), negative knee work (P = .018), and positive knee work (P = .019) but not for ankle and hip joint kinetics. These findings suggest less distal‐to‐proximal difference in positive joint work with high running volume in both young and middle‐aged runners as a result of greater power generation at the ankle. Given the age main effects, our findings are also the first to suggest the age‐related distal‐to‐proximal shift in joint kinetics appears in middle‐aged runners.
Evaluating the appropriateness of platelet transfusions compared with evidence‐based platelet guidelines: An audit of platelet transfusions at 57 hospitals
Authors: Hill‐Strathy MaryJane , Pinkerton Peter H. , Thompson Troy A. , Wendt Alison , Collins Allison , Cohen Robert , BComm Wendy Owens , Cameron Tracy , Lin Yulia , Lau Wendy , Lieberman Lani , Callum Jeannie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet transfusions are used to prevent or control bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. The pretransfusion platelet count threshold has been studied extensively in multiple patient settings yielding high‐quality evidence that has been summarized in several comprehensive evidence‐based platelet guidelines.Study Design and MethodsA prospective 12‐week audit of consecutive platelet transfusions using validated and evidence‐based adjudication criteria was conducted. Patient demographic, laboratory, and transfusion details were collected with an electronic audit tool. Each order was adjudicated either electronically or independently by two transfusion medicine physicians. The aim was to determine platelet transfusion appropriateness and common scenarios with deviations from guidelines.ResultsFifty‐seven (38%) of 150 hospitals provided data on 1903 platelet orders, representing 90% of platelet usage in the region during the time period. Overall, 702 of 1693 adult (41.5%) and 133 of 210 pediatric orders (63.3%) were deemed inappropriate. The most common inappropriate platelet order was for prophylaxis in the absence of bleeding or planned procedure in patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia and a platelet count over 10 x 109/L (53% of inappropriate orders in adults and 45% in pediatrics). Platelet transfusions ordered with either a preprinted transfusion order set (odds ratio [OR], 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44‐2.73) or technologist prospective screening (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.78) were more likely to be appropriate.ConclusionThere is a discrepancy between clinical practice and evidence‐based platelet guidelines. Broad educational and system changes will be needed to align platelet transfusion practice with guideline recommendations.
Innovative R&D offshoring in North–South trade: Theory and evidence
Authors: Cohle Zachary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a general equilibrium model to describe innovative R&D location decisions by multinational firms. Using two countries, a developed North and a developing South, the model examines Northern firms employing researchers in the South in order to produce new varieties of a good. The Northern firms risk their product being imitated when offshoring research. Southern researchers may take information learned while employed by the Northern firm and start their own competing firm. The model's main predictions are supported empirically by a data set constructed with U.S. patent data. For high‐tech industries, stronger IPR protection in the South increases both industry‐level and firm‐level offshoring at a rate faster than low‐tech industries. Southern import tariffs do not affect firm‐level innovative R&D offshoring.
Analysis of Friction-Saturated Flutter Vibrations With a Fully Coupled Frequency Domain Method
Authors: Berthold Christian , Gross Johann , Frey Christian , Krack Malte 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Flutter stability is a dominant design constraint of modern turbines. Thus, flutter-tolerant designs are currently explored, where the resulting vibrations remain within acceptable bounds. In particular, friction damping has the potential to yield limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) in the presence of a flutter instability. To predict such LCOs, it is the current practice to model the aerodynamic forces in terms of aerodynamic influence coefficients for a linearized structural model with fixed oscillation frequency. This approach neglects that both the nonlinear contact interactions and the aerodynamic stiffness cause a change in the deflection shape and the frequency of the LCO. This, in turn, may have a substantial effect on the aerodynamic damping. The goal of this paper is to assess the importance of these neglected interactions. To this end, a state-of-the-art aero-elastic model of a low pressure turbine blade row is considered, undergoing nonlinear frictional contact interactions in the tip shroud interfaces. The LCOs are computed with a fully coupled harmonic balance method, which iteratively computes the Fourier coefficients of structural deformation and conservative flow variables, as well as the a priori unknown frequency. The coupled algorithm was found to provide excellent computational robustness and efficiency. Moreover, a refinement of the conventional energy method is developed and assessed, which accounts for both the nonlinear contact boundary conditions and the linearized aerodynamic influence. It is found that the conventional energy method may not predict a limit cycle oscillation at all while the novel approach presented here can.
A Theoretical Study on the Transient Morphing of Linear Poroelastic Plates
Authors: Andrini Dario , Lucantonio Alessandro , Noselli Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on their shape-shifting capabilities, soft active materials have enabled new possibilities for the engineering of sensing and actuation devices. While the relation between active strains and emergent equilibrium shapes has been fully characterized, the transient morphing of thin structures is a rather unexplored topic. Here, we focus on polymer gel plates and derive a reduced linear model to study their time-dependent response to changes in the fluid environment. We show that independent control of stretching and bending deformations in stress-free conditions allows to realize spherical shapes with prescribed geometry of the mid-plane. Furthermore, we demonstrate that tensile (compressive) membrane stresses delay (accelerate) swelling-induced shape transitions compared to the stress-free evolution. We believe that these effects should be considered for the accurate design of smart systems and may contribute to explain the complexity of natural shapes.
Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal and Cabin Climate Management Based on Model Predictive Control
Authors: Liu Yuanzhi , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Energy management plays a critical role in electric vehicle (EV) operations. To improve EV energy efficiency, this paper proposes an effective model predictive control (MPC)-based energy management strategy to simultaneously control the battery thermal management system (BTMS) and the cabin air conditioning (AC) system. We aim to improve the overall energy efficiency and battery cycle-life, while retaining soft constraints from both BTMS and AC systems. The MPC-based strategy is implemented by optimizing the battery operations and discharging schedules to avoid a peak load and by directly utilizing the regenerative power instead of recharging the battery. Compared with the benchmark system without any control coordination between BTMS and AC, the proposed MPC-based energy management has shown a 4.3% reduction in the recharging energy and a 6.5% improvement for the overall energy consumption. Overall, the MPC-based energy management is a promising solution to enhance the battery efficiency for EVs.
An Optimal Architectural Design for Unconventional Modular Reconfigurable Manipulation System
Authors: Dogra Anubhav , Sekhar Padhee Srikant , Singla Ekta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Modular and reconfigurable manipulators have gained popularity especially in the service sector, where the use of customized configurations has increased. Adaptable modular designs have come into advances in achieving required configuration of a robotic manipulator. As reported in literature, various designs of the modules mainly with conventional configurations are presented and a few are reported with unconventional adjustments. To cater the non-repetitive applications, this paper presents an optimal architectural design for unconventional parameters for customized reconfigurability. This lighter and easier-to-connect version is also applicable to n-DoF and unconventional robotic parameters. Architecture Prominent Sectioning (APS) strategy is proposed which assumes an architecture as a set of point masses and optimally relocate components with respect to the minimization of the joint torques. Modules are considered to be 3D printable using poly-lactic acid (PLA), a thermoplastic material, and thus light in weight. The new modular architecture design is validated through the assemblage of conventional/unconventional configurations using two types of modules namely Heavy (H) and Light (L). Along with that, worst torque analyses for the different configurations have been done in order to provide a strategy for assembly combinations. A comparative study is presented based upon the payload-to-weight ratio, involving other reported architectures.
Spectral Absorption Coefficient of Additive Manufacturing Materials
Authors: Wallace Nicholas J. , Jones Matthew R. , Crane Nathan B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Active thermography techniques are of interest for quality assurance of additive manufacturing processes. However, accurate measurements of thermophysical properties of materials are required to successfully implement active thermography. In particular, the spectral absorption coefficient of materials commonly used in additive manufacturing must be known to accurately predict the spatial distribution of thermal energy generated from absorption of power emitted by a laser or pulsed flash lamp. Accurate measurements of these optical properties are also needed to develop greater understanding of additive manufacturing processes that rely on radiative heat transfer to fuse powders. This paper presents spectral absorption coefficient measurements and uncertainty estimates of fully and partially dense ABS, PLA, and Polyamide 12 samples.
Microstructural Evolution and Fracture Mechanism for Scar Defect Formation on Advanced High Strength Steel During a Shearing Process
Authors: Diewwanit O. , Keawcha-um P. , Keawcha-um T. , Petchhan W. , Thipprakmas S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To form the required shapes from advanced high strength steels sheets, such as dual-phase (DP) steel, shearing processes are commonly used. In general, although good cut-edge characteristics can be often achieved by setting a small shearing clearance, a scar still remains a major defect on the cut-edge. Therefore, in the present study, the mechanism of scar formation of a DP steel sheet, grade SPFC980Y (JIS) subject to a shearing process was investigated and clarified based on the microstructural evolution, fracture mechanism, and a stress distribution analysis. The microstructural evolution in both tensile test specimens and sheared workpieces were observed to identify the fracture mechanism. The angle between the shear band and the elongated grain flow direction during tensile testing was examined and used to predict the angle of initial fracture and its propagation during the shearing process. With the stress distribution analysis of the shearing zone during the shearing process, the fracture could not propagate into the shearing zone and be directed to the die tip, resulting in the formation of a smooth region again. This feature occurred as a cyclic loop as the punch stroke proceeds and resulted in scar defects in the case of SPFC980Y. However, when the fracture propagation remained in the shearing zone, the fracture was not delayed and fracture was completely generated on the cut-edge in the case of a baseline SPCC steel.
A Novel Planetary Thread Roller Bearing: Design and Analysis of Load Characteristic
Authors: Zheng Shicheng , Fu Yongling , Wang Deyi , Pan Junlin , Li Linjie , Wang Jianbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel planetary thread roller bearing (PTRB) was proposed in this paper based on the Hertz theory combined with multiple principles (e.g., equivalent steel ball, multi-point meshing, and power dividing). A significant improvement in load-carrying capacity, compared with existing bearings, was achieved and thus providing a new option for the advanced equipment with high thrust-to-weight ratio requirement. The newly proposed PTRB exhibited a 83% increase in dynamic axial load rating while a comparable static axial load rating comparing with the thrust ball bearing with a comparable size. Furthermore, the working efficiency of the new PTRB was constantly higher than 97%. A self-degradation operation was achieved by the system when some thread rollers were stuck, which improved the system fault tolerance. Finally, friction torque tests were performed on the self-developed test instrument. The results showed a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.