bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Submerged Structures by the Finite Element-Cum-Boundary Element Method
Authors: To C. W. S. , O’Grady M. A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A double asymptotic approximation based finite element-cum-boundary element approach for fluid-structure interaction problems is being proposed. In particular a staggered solution scheme has been applied to the analysis of various coupled fluid-structure systems. A stabilization scheme by reformulation, proposed by DeRuntz et al. was employed to circumvent the instability problem. In addition, the singularity in the excitation term was eliminated through a variable transformation as suggested by Everstine. Another feature of the present work is its incorporation of the hybrid strain based lower order triangular shell finite element developed by To and Liu. The eigenvalue solution exhibits high convergence rate for the particular shell finite element employed. The responses calculated exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed approach with application of the aforementioned shell finite element in dealing with three dimensional fluid-structure interaction problems. The reduction in problem size that this approach affords allows these complex interaction problems to be dealt with in a desktop engineering workstation environment, as opposed to the mainframe and supercomputer arenas where they have been implemented in the past.
Design and Utilization of an Impact Pendulum for Assessing Energy Losses due to the Impact of a Projectile With an Arbitrary Medium
Authors: Khosrowjerdi Mohammad , Aflaki James 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A ballistic or compound pendulum is used either to determine the velocity of a projectile or as a laboratory tool to teach impact momentum and principle of work and energy. It also lends itself well to the study of energy losses caused by the inelastic impact of a projectile with a medium. One useful application of the latter use of these pendulums is in the investigation of the effects of medium characteristics on the energy loss and the design of more effective lethal weapons.
A compound pendulum has been designed, instrumented and used to measure the energy losses during the plastic impact of a projectile with an arbitrary medium. The energy loss is calculated from the projectile velocity just before impact and the pendulum angular velocity immediately after impact or the pendulum maximum angular displacement. The angular displacement and velocity measurements are performed by a precision potentiometer and a PC-based data acquisition system in an automated manner to enable collection of extensive data in a reasonable period of time. The PC-based data acquisition used in this study is an in-house developed one that is capable of handling and storing massive amount of data and providing the ability to perform statistical and other computational analyses.
This paper discusses the procedure for designing the impact pendulum, in particular the selection of proper transducers and the data acquisitions system, and gives an overview of the software that has been developed to fully automate the energy loss calculation.
Windows-Based Portable Laboratory System for Demonstrating Heat Transfer From an Extended Surface
Authors: Khosrowjerdi Mohammad , Dini Said , Aflaki James 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An Armfield™ small bench top service unit (HT10X) in conjunction with an extended surface heat transfer assembly (HT15) are utilized to demonstrate the temperature profile and heat transfer characteristics of a cylindrical rod. Heat flows along the rod by conduction and is lost to the surroundings by combined natural convection and radiation. This well-instrumented laboratory teaching equipment allows students to measure the temperature distribution along the rod and compare the result with a theoretical analysis. Also, heat transfer from the extended surface resulting from the combined modes of free convection and radiation heat transfer is investigated.
A self-contained Windows-based data collection and analysis system has been developed for automating all the manual functions of the Armfield™ extended surface heat transfer assembly; HT15. This system uses an inexpensive plug-in data acquisition board to read the voltage signals corresponding to nine K-type thermocouples and heater supplied voltage and current. The user interface software that is written in Visual Basic 6 uses 32-bit libraries to control the heater voltage and read the thermocouples voltages and heater supplied voltage and current. Used in conjunction with the HT15 unit, the software is a valuable teaching tool for instructors and provides a comprehensive learning environment within which heat transfer characteristics can be studied. It is aimed at enhancing the students understanding of one dimensional heat conduction along a cylindrical rod and enabling them to contrast theory and practical measurements of temperatures.
It is also the intent of this paper to discuss the successful integration of this educational system into portable instructional technology for the classroom and the mechanical engineering laboratory courses.
A Graph Grammar Based Approach for Development of an Internet-Based Product Family Information System
Authors: Siddique Zahed , Shao Zili 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Companies are striving to deliver greater quality, more customization, faster response, more innovative designs and lower prices. The new shift in the current market has introduced the concept of product family design using a platform approach. To provide a family of products require establishment of an information framework that can support product and process data exchange among different entities (design, manufacturing, etc.) of the enterprise. Information such as: function, product, process, cost, etc., need to be readily available to ensure proper execution of a product family framework. In this paper, the focus is on generation and management of information among different segments of product development process. The paper presents, development of an information system, such that user customization information for the product, sent over the Internet, is utilized to generate function, assembly and product architecture information for the specified customer product. The information is provided to the customer and the manufacturer to facilitate making decisions regarding the product and associated process.
Distributed Multibody Dynamic Analysis Within Product Development
Authors: Larsson Tobias , Larsson Andreas , Karlsson Lennart 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A method that supports distribution of multibody dynamic analysis is proposed and developed. Ethnographic methods are used as a means for gaining a deeper understanding of the engineering analysis work practice, and the findings form the base for a cooperative design of the system. The concept of design rationale is applied in order to deal with current problems of engineering analysis, such as irrelevant input and output, as well as satisfying the need for useful, real-time feedback. The web based simulation environment, applied to vehicle system dynamics, contains the simulation packages ADAMS and MATLAB and incorporates database technology. The possibility to distribute simulation models and results, from simulation experts to design experts and engineers, as well as subcontractors, is created. The proposed method requires changes in the existing multibody dynamic simulation methodology regarding aspects of incorporation in product development theories.
Net Informational and Computational System for CFD Researchers
Authors: Goriatchev Valeri , Balachov Mikhail , Rykov Dmitri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of developing the Informational and Computational System for CFD Researchers. It is the second generation of SELIGER: System of Embedded-Linked Information and Graphics for Engineers and Researchers. The main goal of the system is a support of CFD and related sciences working in the net environment. Modification of the network prototype is connected with server’s database modernization to provide stable working and fast accessing to server. Java-based applets provide an effective front-end interface to the remote CFD solvers. The network programs support an on-line analysis of complex distributed data set via Internet and are used to derive latent relations between depended values after simulation.
Towards a Specification for a Product Model to Assist the Design of Injection Moulds
Authors: Morano Héctor , Borja Vicente , López Marcelo , Ayala Álvaro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Product models come from the analysis of the data requirements to support the design and manufacture of products. These models are implemented in databases aimed at providing information to software applications that assist the concurrent design of products.
This paper presents the requirements of a data model driven software system to aid the design of injection moulds and analyses two product models which were developed in different contexts but capable of representing injection moulded parts and moulds. A case study is used to show the application of each one of the models selected. Finally, some conclusions of the analysis are drawn in order to set the foundation of a new model.
Web-Based Distributed System and Database Modeling for Concurrent Design
Authors: Xue D. , Xu Y. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research introduces a new approach for web-based collaborative concurrent design. In this approach, systems, product libraries, and product databases for modeling different product development life-cycle aspects are distributed at different locations that are linked through the web. Product modeling libraries and databases are described by class features and instance features. Product modeling systems are used for manipulating design activities. A class feature at a remote location can be used for defining a new class feature at the local site. A system at one location can be implemented using the systems at other locations as the components. Distributed life-cycle databases are associated by their relations.
A Survey of Methods and Approaches to Knowledge Management in the Product Development Environment
Authors: Benson Maria , Terpenny Janis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Various approaches to capturing and retrieving engineering design information and intent are currently used in industry and play an important role in engineering design collaboration and concurrent engineering. At one end of the spectrum there are expert systems that perform complex analyses of designs based on information that is very specific and specialized for a particular product. At the other end are less automated and less complex non-expert systems. These systems provide the means to organize, collect, and reuse general collections of design intent and rationale in terms of notes, solutions to problems previously encountered, and best practices organized into a database or posted on an internal web site. By surveying the current state of engineering design knowledge management (KM) tools and implementation, conclusions can be drawn regarding the basic elements of successful knowledge management and the opportunities that exist to expand the capabilities and use of such systems in the product development environment. This is of particular relevance to current design practices that are becoming increasingly automated, decentralized, and global. Knowledge management on a large scale will require strategic planning and a deeper understanding to provide the standards for interoperability and exchange that will be needed. This paper provides an overview of approaches to knowledge management in the product development environment.
Representing the Charters of Freedom Encasements in a Design Repository: A Case Study
Authors: Allen R. H. , Fijol R. J. , Szykman S. , Sriram R. D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report on a case study representing, in an evolving design repository, the design essence of new encasements for the United States Charters of Freedom (CoF) — namely the Constitution, the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. Specifically redesigned for the purpose of housing and preserving our national documents, the nine encasements each consist of three principal systems — a sealing system, a placement system and a safeguarding system. The encasements were needed to replace the ones manufactured in the early 1950s, because of glass deterioration; these newer encasements are designed to last 100 years. To populate the design repository, we represent engineering geometry, function and associated behavior. We model geometry with digital photographs and Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML) models of actual Computer-Aided Design (CAD) drawings, and represent function with linked textual descriptions. Design rationale is represented explicitly. Through an evolving user interface, this representation serves to capture the more than 50 parts and systems of the encasements in such a way that the information relating to form, function, behavior and rationale is accessible and browsable to interested parties via the Internet. We conclude that such a representation, or ones similar to it, can provide the basis for a generic design repository, in which specific information — including design rationale — can be readily accessed by interested parties.
Tool Path Planning Algorithm of Normal Curvature Approach Milling Model for Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Yi Xianzhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The normal curvature approach model is a new milling method of machining complex freeform surfaces presented in this paper based on 5-axis CNC machines. For this milling model, its key is to optimize the CL-data of whirlwind milling tool so that the symmetric rotational surface, which is generated while the whirlwind milling tool rotates, can closely approach to the surface being machined. Then, this method evidently raises the material removal rate at the point of contact and efficiently improves the machining productivity.
In the paper, a new-typed whirlwind milling tool with standard-sized circular cutters is introduced, and a special 5-axis CNC horizontal bed-typed milling machine is used in manufacturing the freeform surfaces. The tool path generation algorithm about normal curvature approach milling method and its typical examples are analyzed in detail.
An Effective Geometric and Kinematical Analysis of Ruled Surface Feature Manufacturability for Rapid Prototyping
Authors: de Jager P. J. , Broek J. J. , Horváth I. , Kooijman A. , de Smit A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For rapid prototyping of large objects a method has been developed using an approximation of the shape of the original model with a set of layers with ruled front surfaces. This paper addresses the manufacturability of these ruled surfaces taking into consideration the constraints set by the cutting process (foam material and a heated blade), the kinematics of the equipment and the resulting required velocities and accelerations of the rotation axes. A simple but effective table-based inverse kinematics approach is introduced that enables to search for a set of consecutive orientations while minimizing a user-defined criterion function. The algorithms used are presented and examples of the application are shown.
An Efficient Geometric Algorithm for Extracting Mechanical Components: A Step Towards Developing an Automated Extraction Tool for MEMS
Authors: Bellam Sashidhar , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) are very small multi-domain devices and systems that contain both mechanical and electrical components with sizes in the order of microns. Design cycle time plays a critical role in the development and introduction of MEMS devices and systems in the market. VLSI designers often use extraction tools to compare the desired schematic with the reconstructed schematic extracted from the spatial layout of the design. Use of such tools in VLSI industry has significantly reduced the number of design iterations. In order to develop extraction tools for MEMS designs, we need geometric algorithms to analyze the spatial layout of the mechanical portion of the MEMS device and extract a net-list of mechanical components. Such extracted net-list of mechanical components can be combined with the electronic component net-list to provide the complete device schematic. A key step in the extraction of mechanical components is classification of various portions of the layout into various types of structural components. Because MEMS designs consist of a large number of components, computational efficiency of the underlying extraction algorithm is very important for it to work on complex devices. This paper describes an efficient geometric algorithm for extracting mechanical components from spatial layout of MEMS designs.
Sketch Based Mesh Extrusion With Remeshing Techniques
Authors: Wang Charlie C. L. , Yuen Matthew M. F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we proposed a useful 3D mesh extrusion method for intuitive, efficient geometric modeling of free-form polygonal models. With our method, the user can sketch two strokes to extrude a polygonal mesh surface. Two remeshing techniques: partial mesh re-triangulation and mesh optimization are described in this paper first. After that, the extrusion algorithm with the remeshing techniques is introduced in detail. The method can be widely used in the modeling of free-form polygonal objects. And at the end of this paper, several examples are given.
Defining a Flexible Modeling Methodology for Design and Development of Automotive Powertrain Systems
Authors: Jennings Mark , Tiller Michael , Butts Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper we propose, through the use of modeling guidelines and architectures, a modeling methodology that facilitates model reuse throughout the automotive powertrain development process. The goal is to make efficient and timely use of engineering information that is generated during that process, especially in the powertrain design stage. Within this context, we present a modular model architecture and discuss four model-methodology user scenarios (Energy Usage/Management, Design Analysis, Controller Development, and Desktop Calibration). New model applications to support these user scenarios are introduced.
Computer-Generated Virtual/Physical Reality: Blurring the Lines
Authors: Petersen Harry C. , Markowski Andrzej , Sullivan Paul , Petersen Robert 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As computers grow in ability to access and process ever-larger blocks of data within real-time responses, their ability to generate virtual reality responses has multiplied exponentially. Simultaneously, computer capabilities of using huge data files to control manufacturing processes, create rapid prototypes, augment human senses, and control vehicles and machines have given them the ability to control and even create physical reality. But computers now have the ability to blur the lines between virtual and physical realities in areas which include video manipulation, virtual reality with tactile feedback, and physical training devices such as flight training simulators.
This paper investigates types of computer-generated virtual/physical realities and their uses and implications for industry and consumers alike. Examples of research by the authors in video manipulation and training, solid modeling, animated simulation, manufacturing, rapid prototyping, and reverse engineering will be presented, along with data base corruption, and data manipulation methods and problems. Finally, applications and future implications of this technology will be presented.
An Ant Algorithm Approach to the Isomorphism Identification of Mechanism Kinematic Chains
Authors: Xiao Renbin , He Jinghua , Chang Ming , Shi Hanmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In view of the deficiency in the Isomorphism identification of Mechanism Kinematic Chains (IMKC), we introduce the definition of structure code and covert the problem of IMKC to that of the computation of adjacent matrix’s structural codes for mechanisms. Through some analysis, the conclusion is reached that it is similar to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a classical combinatorial optimization problem. The converted problem is solved by using an ant algorithm model that can cope with combinatorial explosion and achieve satisfactory results, which is developed recently. In the paper, the principle of ant algorithms is introduced and the implementation of an ant algorithm model for IMKC is given based on the problem conversion. By a practical example of IMKC, the influence of some parameters in the model on the computation results is analyzed in detail and the final result indicates the validity of ant algorithm for IMKC. Thus a new way for the researches of IMKC is presented.
Temperature and Smoke Prediction in Structural Fires
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Jin , Lilley David G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Temperature and smoke level predictions in several rooms of a structural fire are possible with a variety of available computer codes. The accuracy and applicability of the results is greatly enhanced though the comparison of the calculations with experimental data. Experimental work assists in understanding fire behavior in structural fires. Temperature measurements at different locations during a house fire provide necessary data for the development of mathematical models, which attempt to simulate the fire on a computer. In this paper, a small 46 square meter single-level house was the subject of a complete experimental burn, with temperature measurements and fire observations during the entire burn. The CFAST computer code (Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport) can be used to calculate temperatures and smoke levels in the various rooms of the house during the burn. Five fire scenarios are considered in the simulation, with progressively increasing realism regarding the actual fire specification. It is seen that calculations with the most realistic fire simulation (permitting burning in all rooms during the course of the fire) are in very good agreement with the experimental data, with regard to rate of fire spread throughout the structure, and the accuracy of the calculations of flashover, temperatures and smoke levels in each of the rooms.
Preliminary Design of Wind Turbine Blades for Manufacture Using Local Capabilities
Authors: Al-Zubaidy Sarim N. , Bridge Jacqueline , Johnson Alwyn 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the past ten to fifteen years wind energy remerged on the world scene with a very healthy growth rate, it has outstripped photovoltaics (solar cells) as the world’s fastest growing energy source, with a growth rate in excess of 30 percent per annum. No longer just a “nice idea for the future” Wind energy is becoming a mainstream energy source for many countries. The proposed paper will present a procedure (using numerical methods) for the design and analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) rotors. To ascertain the accuracy and to determine where further improvements could be initiated; numerical findings were then compared with published experimental test data and the compression showed an average deviation of less than 3% and therefore the simplifying assumptions made for the prediction of fluid behavior over an airfoil section was justified. Once the approach was validated and standardised a comprehensive airfoil design was produced. A computational fluid dynamic code coupled with a simple numerical algorithm aided the inverse design procedure. The final design was well proportioned and was theoretically able to meet the stated objective function and satisfied all the imposed constraints (manufacturing and geometrical). The geometrical data was then generated in a form suitable for manufacture using manually and numerically controlled machines.