bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Linear Site-Response Parameters in the Central and Eastern United States and the Importance of Empirical Site-Response Estimations
Authors: Seth Carpenter N. , Wang Zhenming , Woolery Edward W. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSite response at many locations in the central and eastern United States is a resonance-based phenomenon, which site factors based on the VS30 proxy may not reliably capture. Alternative factors, fundamental frequency, f0, and fundamental-mode amplification, A0, calculated from simplified expressions were evaluated against 1D linear, viscoelastic SH-wave full-resonance (FR) site responses. Tests were conducted using S-wave velocity profiles to bedrock at 11 seismic stations. The results showed that simplified expressions approximate FR f0 and A0 at most stations. However, at two sites with intermediate-depth strong impedance contrasts, the simplified approach underestimates A0 by ∼40%.In addition, FR f0 and A0 were compared with weak-motion earthquake S-wave horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios. Measuring f0 and A0 from S-wave H/V for our comparisons required considering multiple observations at the regional scale. The first S-wave H/V peaks occurred between ∼1 and ∼3  Hz at all seven stations in the Illinois basin (IB), which is a much lower f0 than expected for five of these sites. Thus, we used the first S-wave H/V peaks at f&gt;3  Hz at these five sites in our comparisons. The S-wave H/V peaks we evaluated indicate that S-wave H/V can approximate FR f0. However, although the A0 measured from S-wave H/V is positively correlated with theoretical A0, it overestimated FR A0 by more than 40% at all but three sites, indicating that additional study is needed to determine the appropriate use of A0 from S-wave H/V. The observed, unmodeled amplifications between ∼1 and ∼3  Hz are of similar magnitudes as those from the shallower sediment layers at most stations, which highlights the importance of collecting empirical site-response estimations. Furthermore, the amplifications indicate the need to investigate deeper velocity structures in the IB to account for site responses within the frequency band of engineering interest.
Custos Associados à Prestação Informal de Cuidados a Pessoas com Demência
Authors: Pires Cátia Luz , Duarte Natália , Paúl Constança , Ribeiro Oscar 
Published: January 2020

Introdução: Sob a perspetiva dos custos assumidos pelo cuidador informal e pessoa cuidada, este estudo pretende quantificar e valorar a utilização de serviços de saúde e sociais, assim como o tempo dedicado aos cuidados prestados em situações de demência.Material e Métodos: Recolheram-se informações sociodemográficas e de utilização de serviços de 123 díades de cuidados. Os custos foram estimados considerando: Setor Saúde (serviços de saúde), Doente/Família (tempo de cuidados) e Outros (serviços sociais, cuidados continuados, outros privados). A avaliação dos custos do Setor Saúde e Outros Setores considerou a pessoa pagadora; para o Setor Doente/Família aplicou-se o método do bem-substituto. Calculou-se o custo mensal para os utilizadores e o valor para 100 díades.Resultados: O custo total dos cuidados informais foi de €61 982,2/mês por 100 díades. O valor do Setor Doente/Família (€44 030,0/mês) contribui com 71,0% do custo total; os Outros Setores com 20,8% (€12 887,4/mês), seguido do Setor da Saúde com 8,2% (€5064,8/mês).Discussão: O valor obtido para cada díade (€619,8/mês) representa 77,5% do seu rendimento mensal (mediana = €800,0; amplitude interquartil = 679,0), o que pode condicionar a continuidade dos cuidados em casa. Em face aos montantes apresentados para estaamostra, estima-se a presença de isenção de taxas moderadoras no Setor Saúde e/ou benefícios na comparticipação das respostas sociais e, como tal, uma estimativa em baixa dos gastos apresentados.Conclusão: Apesar da complexidade na estimação dos custos associados aos cuidados informais na demência, este artigo ilustra o peso significativo que estes podem alcançar para as famílias.
O Poder Psicoativo dos Alimentos: Análise de um Caso de Intoxicação com Noz-Moscada
Authors: Duarte Desidério , Mendonça Marta , Ramos Luís 
Published: January 2020

A ingestão de noz-moscada em doses elevadas provoca consequências médicas e psiquiátricas potencialmente graves e incapacitantes. Nenhum componente isolado da noz-moscada foi identificado como responsável por todos os sintomas observados durante a intoxicação, contudo, acredita-se que a miristicina, que é um dos componentes dos óleos essenciais desta especiaria, é o responsável pela maioria dos efeitos psicoativos, embora o mecanismo exato não seja conhecido. Outros constituintes, como a elemicina, também podem estar envolvidos. Os sintomas da intoxicação iniciam-se três a seis horas após a sua ingestão, remitindo nas primeiras 24 a 48 horas, e normalmente não deixam sequelas. Neste trabalho apresentamos o caso de um homem que após o consumo de 18 a 28 g de noz-moscada desenvolveu um episódio psicótico grave, com discurso desorganizado, agitação psicomotora e ideação delirante mística/grandiosa. A sintomatologia remitiu rapidamente e após um ano de estabilidade clínica sem terapêutica, teve alta da consulta da especialidade.
O MAL EM APOCALÍPTICOS E O BEM EM INTEGRADOS
Authors: Feil Gabriel Sausen , Dahleh Simone Munir , Paz Júlia Rocha 
Published: January 2020

O tempo é o tema principal de nosso presente trabalho, que traz os conceitos de Mal e Bem, de Georges Bataille (1989), e as concepções de cultura pelo entendimento dos apocalípticos e integrados, de Umberto Eco (2006), com o intuito de aproximar tais conceitos por conta de suas possibilidades de relações com o tempo. Primeiramente, apresentamos os quatro conceitos e, em um segundo momento, aproximamos os conceitos a partir de suas similaridades. Mostramos como esses conceitos são paralelos e não contrários, de forma a criar uma discussão reflexiva e não moral (já que envolve o Mal e Bem) sobre eles.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cultura. Filosofia. Comunicação. Linguagem.

ABSTRACT
The time is the main theme of our work, that brings the concepts of Evil and Good, by Georges Bataille (1989), and the conceptions of culture by the understanding of the apocalyptic and integrated, by Umberto Eco (2006), with the aim of bringing such concepts closer because of their possibilities of relations with time. First, we present the four concepts and, in a second moment, we approach the concepts from the similarities between them. We show how these concepts are parallel and not contrary, in order to create a reflexive and non-moral discussion (since it involves Evil and Good) about them.

KEYWORDS: Culture. Philosophy. Communication. Language.

RESUMEN
El tiempo es lo tema principal de nuestro presente trabajo, que trae los conceptos de mal y bueno, de Georges Bataille (1989), y las concepciones de cultura por el entendimiento de los apocalípticos y integrados, de Umberto Eco (2006), con la intención de aproximar los conceptos en cuenta de sus posibilidades de relaciones con el tiempo. Primeramente, presentamos los cuatro conceptos y, en segundo momento aproximamos los conceptos por sus similaridades. Mostramos como esos conceptos son paralelos y no contrarios, de forma a crear una discusión reflexiva y no moral (ya que envuelve el bien y el mal) sobre ellos.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Cultura. Filosofia. Comunicación. Lenguaje.
CONSTRUÇÃO COMPARTILHADA DE VÍDEO PARA EDUCAÇÃO DE IDOSOS HIPERTENSOS
Authors: MIRANDA CAROLINA GALGANE LAGE , Castro Mauro Silveira , Soares-Sobrinho José Lamartine 
Published: January 2020

O artigo descreve a experiência sobre elaboração de material educativo, formato de vídeo artístico criado coletivamente por pesquisadores e idosos hipertensos, como estratégia para obtenção de atitude reflexiva, participativa e autônoma sobre sua doença, cuidado de si e uso correto e seguro de medicamentos.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vídeo; Educação em Saúde; Idoso; Hipertensão.

ABSTRACT
The article describe the experience about the elaboration of educational material, an artistic video format created collectively by hypertensive researchers and seniors, as a strategy to obtain a reflexive, participatory and autonomous attitude about their illness, self care and correct and safe use of medications.

KEYWORDS: Video; Health education; Old man; Hypertension.

RESUMENEl artículo describe la experiencia en la elaboración de material educativo, un formato de video artístico creado colectivamente por investigadores y ancianos hipertensos, como una estrategia para obtener una actitud reflexiva, participativa y autónoma sobre su enfermedad, el autocuidado y el uso correcto y seguro de los medicamentos.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Video; Educación para la Salud; Viejo; Hipertension.
A Laboratory Study of the Impact of Reinjecting Flowback Fluids on Formation Damage in the Marcellus Shale
Authors: Zhang Lifu , Tice Michael , Hascakir Berna 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Reuse of flowback water in hydraulic fracturing is usually used by industry to reduce consumption, transportation, and disposal cost of water. However, because of complex interactions between injected water and reservoir rocks, induced fractures may be blocked by impurities carried by flowback and mineral precipitation by water/rock interactions, which causes formation damage. Therefore, knowledge of flowback water/rock interactions is important to understand the changes within the formation and effects on hydraulic fracturing performance.
This study focuses on investigating flowback water/rock interactions during hydraulic fracturing in Marcellus Shale. Simple deionized water (DI)/rock interactions and complicated flowback water/rock interactions were studied under static and dynamic conditions. In static experiments, crushed reservoir rock samples were exposed to water for 3 weeks at room condition. In the dynamic experiment, continuous water flow interacted with rock samples through the coreflooding experimental system for 3 hours at reservoir condition. Before and after experiments, rock samples were characterized to determine the change on the rock surfaces. Water samples were analyzed to estimate the particle precipitation tendency and potential to modify flow pathway.
Surface elemental concentrations, mineralogy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of rock samples were characterized. Ion contents, particle size, total dissolved solids (TDS), and zeta-potential in the water samples were analyzed. After flowback water/rock interaction, the surface of the rock sample shows changes in the compositions and more particle attachment. In produced water, Na, Sr, and Cl concentrations are extremely high because of flowback water contamination. Water parameters show that produced water has the highest precipitation tendency relative to all water samples. Therefore, if flowback water without any treatment is reused in hydraulic fracturing, formation damage is more likely to occur from blockage of pores.
Flowback water management is becoming very important due to volumes produced in every hydraulic fracturing operation. Deep well injection is no longer a favorable option because it results in disposal of high volumes of water that cannot be used for other purposes. A second option is the reuse of waste water for fracturing purposes, which reduces freshwater use significantly. However, the impurities present in flowback water may deteriorate the fracturing job and reduce or block the hydraulic fracturing apertures. This study shows that a simple filtration process applied to the flowback water allows for reinjection of the flowback water without further complication to the water/rock interaction, and does not cause significant formation damage in the fractures.
Real-Time Completion Cost Optimization Using Model Predictive Control
Authors: Ben Yuxing , Sankaran Sathish , Harlin Clayton , Perrotte Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Completion cost structure varies from company to company and is primarily driven by hydraulic horsepower consumption, represented by the average wellhead pressure and slurry rate, given a total amount of proppant and total volume of fluids. In this paper, we use model predictive control (MPC) with system identification to optimize completion cost subject to real-time operational constraints. This can help completion engineers adjust the pumping schedule to optimize completion costs on the fly.
We examined a typical cost structure of hydraulic fracturing service companies and illustrated how well completion costs could have been reduced if we adjusted their pumping schedules. We first developed a data-driven model with system identification that characterized how wellhead pressure responded to changes in slurry rate, proppant concentration, and friction reducer (FR) concentration. A linear transfer function model was shown to give acceptable accuracies if the model was updated every 5 to 10 minutes as real-time data were received. MPC was then used to design an optimal schedule subject to a wellhead pressure setpoint. In multiple scenarios with different kinds of constraints, the target wellhead pressure can be achieved by adjusting friction reducer, slurry rate, and proppant concentration. One can deploy such a model at the edge or in a cloud environment to offer suggestions to engineers in the field or in the office. Completion cost savings can potentially be achieved by following the suggested changes.
A Data Driven Approach in Screenout Detection for Horizontal Wells
Authors: Yu Xiaodan , Trainor-Guitton Whitney , Miskimins Jennifer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing has gained popularity all over the world as more tight geologic formations are developed economically for hydrocarbon resources. However, due to the stages' operating complexity, different kinds of disruptions in fracturing operations may occur and even result in great economic loss. Screenout is one of the issues caused by the blockage of proppant inside the fractures. This paper presents a screenout classification system based on Gaussian Hidden Markov Models (GHMMs), trained on simulated data, that predicts screenouts and provides early warning by learning pre-screenout patterns in the simulated surface pressure signals. The simulated data are generated in a hydraulic fracturing software using a horizontal well with three fracturing stages landing in the Niobrara B shale, Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin. During the 270 simulations, various synthetic fracturing treatment data are forward modeled for both screenout and non-screenout scenarios. The classification system consists of two Gaussian Hidden Markov Models (screenout and non-screenout), each of which is fitted and optimized by its respective training set. Both Hidden Markov Models are assigned with two 1D Gaussian probability density functions to represent the distribution of their associated simulated surface pressure signals. During the classification process, once a new surface pressure sequence is observed, the maximum log likelihood is calculated under both fitted models and the model with a greater likelihood will be predicted as the class of this new observation. The classification system is validated with a hold-out testing data set from the simulations and the statistics of the performance is visualized in a confusion matrix. The results indicate the classification system achieves an overall classification accuracy of 81% and an accuracy of 86% for successfully predicting screenout events around 8.5 minutes prior to screenout occurring in the simulation. The described methodology is demonstrated to be a useful tool for early screenout detection and shows its promising feasibility of other fracturing time-series data analysis.
An Interesting Look at Multiple Fractures: Stress Shadowing and Propagation
Authors: Morales Raul H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this paper are twofold. First to evaluate the extent, or shadowing, of the stresses and displacements resulting from an internally pressurized crack and second to show how a creative testing apparatus can model the interaction of multiple fractures and display the influence of stress shadowing.
The solution for 2-D planar crack in elliptical-cylindrical coordinates was used to evaluate the stress and displacement shadowing. This analysis indicated that the compressive stresses for a pressurized crack of length H, will dissipate by 100% within a distance d/H = 3/4. The analysis also showed that the shear stresses and displacements are concentrated in a small area around the crack tip of radial distance equal to d/H = 0.05. H is crack length and d is distance from the crack. Following this analysis, the mechanical apparatus was used to visualize the influence of the stress and displacement shadows in the propagation of multiple fractures.
The example that validated the application of the apparatus consisted of modeling the merging of two fractures observed in the 2017 Puebla, Mexico earthquake. In this case, both the testing apparatus and the numerical results given by a two dimensional Finite Element (FE) code closely reproduced the field observations. Following this validation, the application of the testing apparatus was extended to model the propagation and interaction of multiple fractures. Three cases were considered. Case 1, consisted of a main fracture propagating between pre-existing fracture-pockets filled with fluid (pressurized pockets). Case 2, included the propagation of multiple parallel fractures. Case 3, considered hydraulic fractures propagating through zones populated with micro-fissures.
Case 1, showed how a hydraulic fracture can activate and propagate pre-existing frac-pockets. This example could explain how some frac-hits occur. Case 2, illustrated that from a cluster of several parallel fractures that are close to each other (D/H &lt; 1), only one or two dominant fractures will propagate. D is distance between parallel fractures. The experimental results for Case 3 indicated that the micro-fissures diverted the direction of fracture propagation and also increased the tortuosity. The extent of departure and degree of tortuosity depended on the orientation of the micro-fissures. Micro-fissures normal to the crack resulted in more diversion and more tortuosity compared to the diversion and tortuosity resulting from micro-fissures parallel to the crack. Further the tests also showed that the micro-fissures not aligned with the fracture also suffered significant dilation.
The Unconventional Unconventionals: Tectonically Influenced Regions, Stress States and Casing Failures
Authors: Casero A. , Rylance M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Not all unconventional plays are created equal, in a substantial number of regions around the world the tectonic environment is quite different from the typically relaxed and more passive states found widely in most, if not all, of the US unconventional plays. This is merely a function of the relative proximity of such plays to distinct geological features characterized by active tectonic plates and with dynamic margins and recent activity.
The Nazca plate associated with the Andes, the Arabian plate linked with the Al-Hajar mountains and the Indian plate connected with the Himalayan mountain range are just a few examples of tectonically influenced regions, where potential hydrocarbon traps are subject to complex states of stress generated by convergent plates, subduction zones and associated faulting. This scenario often translates into severe strike-slip and reverse fault stress states. Additionally, the presence of both multi-layered and laminated formation geology as well as the presence of overpressure and pressure differentials, typical of tight gas and shale gas, can exacerbate this situation even further. This situation can result in an extremely challenging environment for the successful execution of hydraulic fracturing and the associated development of unconventional resources.
This paper will demonstrate, that such complex stress-states will directly affect well completions and hydraulic fracturing in a multitude of ways, but that some of the most impactful consequences are often severe casing failures, production-liner restrictions and complex fracture initiation scenarios. Casing failures are responsible for increased intervention costs as well as higher costs for the upgraded and strengthened wells. Equally, such issues can severely impair efficient execution of the completion plan and create a bottle-neck to subsequent well production. Horizontal, complex and pancake fractures will typically develop in strike-slip / reverse fault stress states, often resulting in fracture conductivity and connectivity loss that will greatly impair the eventual well performance.
Layer interface slippage and natural fault re-activation are dominant mechanisms for hydraulic fracture induced casing failures. Examples of micro-fracs, micro-seismic and other diagnostics will be presented aiming to document the practical difficulties encountered while completing wells in these complex environments. This paper will demonstrate that unconventional development in such environments requires a renewed focus on all aspects of well design and construction, from directional drilling and lateral placement to casing selection and lower completion design. All these considerations are made with the goal of enabling the competent delivery of a highly effective and conductive fracture network, to efficiently access and produce the hydrocarbon resource.
Use of Reservoir Simulation to Forecast Field EOR Response - An Eagle Ford Gas Injection Huff-N-Puff Application
Authors: Kerr Erich , Venepalli Kiran Kumar , Patel K , Ambrose Raymond , Erdle James 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Enhanced oil recovery in unconventional plays has been a focus of many E&P operators to increase recovery factors. Conventional displacement-based secondary (e.g. water flooding) and tertiary EOR methods are not viable options due to their low injectivity in these ultra-low permeability formations. As such, huff-n-puff (HnP) EOR techniques involving field gas injection may be the most effective EOR methods to increase the recovery factors from these shale formations. Several numerical reservoir simulation studies have showed the efficiency of CO2 HnP process in shale and tight formations (Yu et al, 2014); however, these studies show little to no field results to support the simulation predictions. This paper describes the conceptual development of the reservoir simulation models to investigate the viability of gas injection HnP in unconventional reservoirs and the results of applying those methods in Eagle Ford field test sites.
Single-well and multi-well models with multi-stage hydraulic fractures were constructed and history matched using their primary production period performance. Sensitivity studies were conducted on well communication behavior/impacts, injection gas compositions, injection rates, injection/production cycling, and reservoir fluid types to optimize the pilot project well location(s) and to inform development strategies. Optimal cases from the simulation study were successfully applied to multi-well pads in the Eagle Ford formation across multiple fluid types.
The simulation and the field application results were summarized and compared to provide detailed insights of unconventional HnP EOR. This study indicates the importance of confinement of the gases to afford optimal recovery factors during unconventional gas HnP EOR. An optimization engine was used in this study to optimize key operational parameters, such as injection pressures and slug sizes, to maximize recovery and efficiency. The resulting EOR designs were successfully implemented in field operations. Field recovery factors are within 10% of those predicted by simulation, indicating the value of numerical reservoir simulation prior to field trials and subsequent future development.