bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering temperature‐dependent extracellular vesicle secretion in breast cancer
Authors: Otsuka Kurataka , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn all living things, temperature is a key factor to maintain function and survive. Animals and plants need to adapt temperature change with optimizing their behaviour and growth by sensing temperature. Similarly, tumour cells must adapt continuously to fluctuations in external conditions including temperature. To find a better environment, cancer cells promote growth and metastasis, which contributes to tumour malignancy. Pathological studies in breast cancer have implied that temperature is associated with disease progression. However, no clear mechanisms have emerged for how thermal changes affect tumour cells and their gene regulation in tumour development and malignancy. Here we discovered the temperature‐dependent extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion in breast cancer. Cancer cell growth and EV secretion increased in a temperature‐dependent manner, which indicated that temperatures were associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. We also found that low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), a responsible gene for temperature‐dependent EV secretion, was upregulated with the increase in temperature. Consistent with our results, LDLR gene has been characterized and identified as a key factor for malignancy in a wide range of cancers. Our findings shed new light on tumour aggressiveness and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer, especially regarding EV formation and secretion, thus providing a new relationship between cancer and EV biology in the light of temperature.
Pre‐instrumental summer precipitation variability in northwestern Greece from a high‐elevation Pinus heldreichii network
Authors: Esper Jan , Konter Oliver , Klippel Lara , Krusic Paul J. , Büntgen Ulf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe spatiotemporal variability of precipitation is of vital importance to Mediterranean ecology and economy, but pre‐instrumental changes are not well understood. Here, we present a millennial‐length June–July precipitation reconstruction derived from a network of 22 Pinus heldreichii high‐elevation sites in the Pindus Mountains of northwestern Greece. Tree‐ring width chronologies from these sites cohere exceptionally well over the past several hundred years (r1467–2015 = 0.64) revealing coherence at inter‐annual to centennial timescales across the network. The network mean calibrates significantly against instrumental June–July precipitation over the past 40 years (r1976–2015 = 0.71), even though no high‐elevation observational record is available representing the moist conditions at the treeline above 1,900 m a.s.l. For the final reconstruction, the instrumental target data are adjusted to provide realistic estimates of high‐elevation summer rainfall back to 729 CE. The reconstruction contains substantially more low‐frequency variability than other high‐resolution hydroclimate records from the eastern Mediterranean including extended dry periods from 1,350 to 1,379 CE (39 ± 4.5 mm) and 913 to 942 (40 ± 8.4 mm), and moist periods from 862 to 891 (86 ± 11 mm) and 1,522 to 1,551 (80 ± 3.5 mm), relative to the long‐term mean of 61 mm. The most recent 30‐year period from 1986 to 2015 is characterized by above average June–July precipitation (73 ± 2 mm). Low‐frequency changes in summer precipitation are likely related to variations in the position and persistence of storm tracks steering local depressions and causing extensive rainfall (or lack thereof) in high‐elevation environments of the Pindus Mountains.
Effect of individual and neighborhood social capital on gingival bleeding in children: A 7‐year cohort study
Authors: Ferreira Danielle Martins , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Menegazzo Gabriele Rissotto , Bolsson Gabriela Bohrer , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial capital incorporates contextual and individual levels of interactions, which influence human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of individual and contextual social capital in early childhood on gingival bleeding in children after 7 years.MethodsThis 7‐year cohort study was conducted with a randomized sample of 639 children (1 to 5 years old) evaluated in 2010 (T1) in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. Gingival bleeding was recorded during follow‐up (T2). Contextual (social class association and number of churches) and individual (religious practice, volunteer networks, and school involvement) social capital variables were collected at baseline, along with demographic, socioeconomic, and oral health variables. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the influence of individual and contextual variables on mean gingival bleeding. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated.ResultsA total of 449 children were reassessed after 7 years (70.3% cohort retention rate). Children living in areas with a larger number of churches at baseline had lower mean gingival bleeding at follow‐up. Regarding individual social capital, children whose parents did not attend school activities were more likely to have gingival bleeding. Additionally, low maternal education, poor parents’ perception of oral health, non‐use of dental services, and low frequency of tooth brushing were related to higher mean gingival bleeding at follow‐up.ConclusionThe presence of more churches in neighborhoods and parents' involvement in a child's school activities positively influenced children's oral health, and these individuals had lower mean gingival bleeding.
Subgingival microbiota in overweight and obese young adults with no destructive periodontal disease
Authors: de Andrade Danielle Rodrigues , Silva Paulo André , Colombo Ana Paula V. , Silva‐Boghossian Carina Maciel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study analyzed the levels of a specific group of periodontal health/disease‐related oral bacteria in the subgingival biofilm of young adults with overweight (OW) and obesity (OB), and no destructive periodontal disease.MethodsFull‐mouth periodontal assessment and subgingival biofilm sampling were performed in individuals with normal weight (NW) (BMI [body mass index] ≥18.5 to ≤24.9 kg/m2; n = 29), OW (BMI ≥25 to ≤29.9 kg/m2; n = 26), or OB (BMI ≥30 kg/m2; n = 22). BMI, waist (WC) and hip (HC) circumferences, and waist‐hip ratio (WHR) were established for every individual. Biofilm samples were analyzed by checkerboard. Spearman coefficient, linear, and logistic regression analyses were obtained.ResultsGingivitis was detected in 45% NW, 65% OW, and 73% OB individuals. NW patients presented significantly less calculus and supragingival biofilm than OB. OW, and OB individuals had significantly higher levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia than NW patients (P <0.05). Treponema denticola correlated with BMI (rho = 0.31), WC (rho = 0.28), and HC (rho = 0.29), P≤0.01. Linear regression analysis showed significant (P <0.05) positive associations between BMI, WC, HC, and WHR indicators and Prevotella spp., Lactobacillus spp., V. parvula, and A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa); negative associations were found between Capnocytophaga spp., WC, and HC (β = −0.29 and β = −0.37, respectively; P <0.01). However, the interaction of Prevotella spp. and T. forsythia decreased the likelihood of an individual to be diagnosed as OW/OB (OR 0.183 [95% CI, 0.062–0.540]).ConclusionsFew periodontal pathogens differed in levels between NW and OW/OB individuals without destructive periodontal disease. Moreover, Aa, T. denticola, and Prevotella spp. were associated with clinical parameters of obesity.
Facial mucosal level of single immediately placed implants with either immediate provisionalization or delayed restoration: An intermediate‐term study
Authors: Bushahri Ali , Kripfgans Oliver D. , George Furat , Wang I‐Ching , Wang Hom‐Lay , Chan Hsun‐Liang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundImmediately placed single implants with either immediate provisionalization (test) or delayed restoration (control) were followed for up to 1 year in our previous randomized clinical trial. Peri‐implant tissues continue to remodel after implants are in function. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the facial mucosal level changes in the intermediate term between the two groups and to study potential factors influencing the mucosal level change.MethodsPatients who had already completed the previous clinical trial by receiving a single immediately placed implant were re‐invited to this study. The facial mucosal level as well as the other peri‐implant hard and soft tissue dimensions and conditions were measured clinically, radiographically and with ultrasound. These data were compared between the test and control implants. The mucosal level change as the function of the final crown contour, measured as the abutment‐crown angle (ACA), was estimated with a linear regression model.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients (n of test/control = 16/12) with a mean 30‐month follow‐up were recruited. The mean mucosal level change was ‐0.38 mm (control) and 0.06 mm (test), without statistical difference between the two groups. The other clinical, radiographic, and ultrasound parameters were not statistically different. ACA was statistically significant associated with the recession (P = 0.02). The estimate effect was 0.25 mm per 10° increase (adjusted R2 = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.49 mm). After adjusting for vertical implant position, implant abutment angle and the group, the effect became borderline significant (P = 0.09).ConclusionsPeri‐implant tissues, including the mucosal level change of immediately placed implants with either immediate provisionalization or delayed restoration remained stable and did not differ between the groups in the intermediate term. The final crown angle, influenced by implant position and abutment angle, might be associated with mucosal margin level change.
Simultaneous quantification of arctigenin and its glucuronide conjugate in mouse plasma using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Suzuki Yosuke , Sato Michiko , Awazuhara Takuya , Nukui Yusuke , Yoshida Airi , Terashima Tomoka , Watanabe Keita , Fujioka Rumi , Tsuchihara Katsuya , Kishino Satoshi , Ohno Keiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArctigenin is a natural lignin and a main active component of Fructus arctii, the dried fruit of Arctium lappa. This compound was reported to have some biological activities such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, renoprotective, and antitumor effects. Arctigenin is mainly metabolized to arctigenin‐4′‐O‐glucuronide by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase. In this study, a simultaneous quantification method was established and validated for measuring arctigenin and arctigenin‐4′‐O‐glucuronide in mouse plasma using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The assay fulfilled the requirements of the United States Food and Drug Administration guideline for assay validation, with a lower limit of quantification of 2.00 ng/mL for arctigenin and 50.0 ng/mL for arctigenin‐4′‐O‐glucuronide. The recovery rate and matrix effect ranged from 78.4 to 102.8% and 92.5 to 106.3%, respectively, for arctigenin, and 74.3 to 109.2% and 94.9 to 110.2% for arctigenin‐4′‐O‐glucuronide. The method was applied to the measurement of plasma concentrations of arctigenin and arctigenin‐4′‐O‐glucuronide in the plasma of mice after administration of arctigenin. All measured concentrations were within the calibration ranges. Our novel method may be useful to measure plasma arctigenin and arctigenin‐4′‐O‐glucuronide concentrations, and contribute to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of arctigenin and arctigenin‐4′‐O‐glucuronide in mice.
Bagley polygon power divider realized by ridge gap waveguide technology
Authors: Karimi Nobandegani Abbas , Hosseini S. Esmail 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe novel ridge‐gap waveguide (RGW) technology which uses a full metal structure has many advantages in micro/mm‐wave frequencies such as low loss, broad bandwidth, low sensitivity to manufacturing errors, and easy integration with active components, and so forth. In this paper, a Ku‐band 3‐way Bagley polygon power divider (BPD) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on the RGW technology for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. An RGW‐toWR62 transition is also designed and fabricated. The proposed three‐way RGW‐based BPD with WR62 transitions shows low‐loss equal‐power division in phase with good impedance matching and isolation between output ports in the Ku band. The proposed RGW‐based BPD can be extended to an N‐way power divider.
Concept of vertical liquid metal actuated cyclo‐olefin‐polymer based embedded 360° steerable Yagi‐Uda antenna
Authors: Le Goff Denis , Quéré Yves , Maalouf Azar , Rius Eric , Coquet Philippe , Teo Edwin Hang Tong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe concept of a reconfigurable 5GHz microfluidically actuated antenna with beam forming, steering and hoping in a 360° angular range, is presented in this paper. Its architecture is that of a Yagi‐Uda array. Its actuation relies on the electrically controlled vertical displacement of liquid metal slugs inside microfluidic channels without the need of any external actuator. Simulations results along two fabricated proofs of concept investigating RF and microfluidic actuation performances are presented. This paper aims at demonstrating the technical soundness and interest of this design for applications such as autonomous sensors networks.
Bismuth oxide nanoparticles as agents of radiation dose enhancement in intraoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Alyani Nezhad Zahra , Geraily Ghazale , Hataminia Fatemeh , Parwaie Wrya , Ghanbari Hossein , Gholami Somayeh 
Published: January 2021

PurposeIntraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) technique is an advanced radio therapeutic method used for delivery of a single high‐dose radiation during surgery while removing healthy tissues from the radiation field. Nowadays, growing attention is being paid to IORT for its low‐energy (kilovoltage) delivery as it requires less radiation protection, but suffers several disadvantages, including high‐dose delivery and prolonged treatment time. The application of nanoparticles with high atomic number and high attenuation coefficients in kilovoltage energy may help overcome the mentioned shortcomings. This study was designed to investigate and quantify the mean dose enhancement factor (DEF) in the presence of nanoparticles using IORT method.MethodsBismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3NPs), both in sheet and spherical formats, were synthesized using a novel hydrothermal method and characterized with x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Genipin‐gelatin gel dosimeter (GENIPIN) was produced in three batches of pure with sheet and with spherical nanoparticles in concentration of 46.596 µg/ml, and irradiated with 50 kV x‐rays.ResultsSamples were scanned by a spectrophotometer, which indicated a DEF of 3.28 0.37 and 2.50 0.23 for sheet and spherical NPs, respectively. According to the results of this study, GENIPIN is a suitable dosimeter for the evaluation of three‐dimensional dose distribution in the presence Bi2O3 NPs.ConclusionAs a result, IORT along with Bi2O3 NPs has the potential to reduce treatment time and/or normal tissue dose; moreover, it could provide localized dose enhancement.
Technical Note: Using virtual noncontrast images from dual‐energy CT to eliminate the need of precontrast CT for x‐ray radiation treatment planning of abdominal tumors†
Authors: Noid George , Schott Diane , Paulson Eric , Zhu Justin , Shah Jainil , Li X. Allen 
Published: January 2021

PurposeRadiation therapy (RT) planning frequently utilizes contrast‐enhanced CT. However, dose calculations should not be performed on a contrast‐enhanced CT because the patient will not receive bolus during treatment. It is typical to acquire CT twice during RT simulation: once before injection of bolus and once after. The registration between these datasets introduces errors. In this work, we investigate the use of virtual noncontrast images (VNC) derived from dual‐energy CT (DECT) to eliminate the precontrast CT and the registration error.MethodsCT datasets, including conventional 120 kVp pre‐ and postcontrast CTs and postcontrast DECT, acquired for ten pancreatic cancer patients were evaluated. The DECTs were acquired simultaneously using a dual source (DS) CT simulator. VNC and virtual mono‐energetic images (VMI) were derived from DECTs. Gross tumor volumes (GTV), planning target volumes (PTV), and organs at risks (OAR) were delineated on the postcontrast CT and then populated to the precontrast CT and the VNC. An IMRT plan (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions) was then optimized on the precontrast CT. Dose distributions were recalculated on the VNC images. Contours from the pre‐ and postcontrast CTs and the dose distributions based on both were compared.ResultsOn average, the distance of centroids of the populated duodenum contours on precontrast CT differed by 6.0 ± 4.0 mm from those on postcontrast CTs. The dose distributions on the precontrast CT and VNC were almost identical. The PTV mean and maximum doses differed by 0.1% and 0.2% between the two plans, respectively.ConclusionThe VNC derived from DECT can be used to replace the conventional precontrast CT scan for RT planning, eliminating the need for an additional precontrast CT scan and eliminating the registration errors. Thus, VNC can become an important asset to the future of RT.
Computational 1H and 13C NMR of the trimeric monoterpenoid indole alkaloid strychnohexamine: Selected spectral updates
Authors: Semenov Valentin A. , Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVery large trimeric indole alkaloid strychnohexamine, with empirical formula C59H60N6O (66 second‐row atoms and 60 protons), has been subjected to the state‐of‐the‐art computation of the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of its configurational isomers at each of the 14 asymmetric centers. Several spectral reassignments and corrections of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of this alkaloid were suggested based on the PBE0/pcSseg‐2//pcseg‐2 calculation of its NMR chemical shifts. Thus, all pairs of diastereotopic protons were assigned together with four aromatic carbon resonances of C‐9 and C‐11, C‐9″, and C‐11″. In addition, the unassigned chemical shifts of carbon C‐23″ and proton at C‐3′ in, accordingly, 13C and 1H NMR spectra were predicted.
Imaging of knee osteoarthritis: A review of current evidence and clinical guidelines
Authors: Lee Lok Sze , Chan Ping Keung , Fung Wing Chiu , Chan Vincent Wai Kwan , Yan Chun Hoi , Chiu Kwong Yuen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common and debilitating degenerative joint diseases worldwide. While radiography is the most commonly used imaging modality, it is associated with drawbacks which newer modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound could overcome. Nevertheless, the role of imaging in clinical practice and research in knee OA has not been clearly defined. Furthermore, guidelines on imaging in knee OA from different authoritative bodies have not been compared in previous studies. Therefore, the present review aims to summarise existing evidence and compare guidelines on the use of different imaging modalities in evaluating knee OA.MethodsThis is a narrative review based on a search of published clinical guidelines and the PubMed database for articles published between 1 January 1990 and 31 May 2020.ResultsThere is no broad consensus on the value of imaging in patients with typical OA presentation. If imaging is required, current evidence and clinical guidelines support the use of radiography and MRI as first‐ and second‐line diagnostic modalities respectively. Since radiographic OA features have limited sensitivity and do not manifest in early stages, MRI is the preferred option for whole‐joint evaluation in OA research. Discrepancies exist regarding the use of alternative imaging modalities including ultrasound, computed tomography and nuclear medicine.ConclusionRadiography and MRI are the imaging modalities of choice. Other modalities have their respective advantages, and more research is warranted for the standardisation of image acquisition and interpretation methodology, in order to evaluate their validity, reliability and responsiveness in OA research.
Spektroelektrochemie für wenig Geld
Authors: Ambalavanar Vithushan , Habekost Achim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVorgänge an Elektroden lassen sich gleichzeitig elektrochemisch und spektroskopisch beobachten, wenn Absorption oder Lumineszenz von Substanzen während eines Potenzialdurchlaufs gemessen werden. Die Versuchsaufbauten dafür müssen nicht teuer sein. Experimente mit einfachen Geräten eignen sich für den Chemieunterricht in Schulen.
Infectious diseases in North Eastern Argentina: Treponematosis and its connection with population concentration
Authors: Ramos van Raap María Agustina , Scabuzzo Clara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis article presents cases of treponematosis in at least five individuals from different archeological sites in southern North Eastern Argentina and discusses how these cases were linked to the ways of life of the pre‐Hispanic groups that inhabited this region for at least 2000 years. We carried out the reanalysis and reinterpretation of some of the pathological cases, including a comparison between our observations and previous diagnoses made by other authors. Thirty‐three bone elements corresponding to a minimum number of five adults from three archeological sites were analyzed. These sites were excavated in the early and mid‐20th century, and the archeological materials are currently under the guardianship of different museums. The macroscopic description of bone lesions was surveyed. The bone lesions in long bones, mainly saber shin appearance in tibiae, and one cranial vault are consistent with the development of treponematosis. This diagnosis in five individuals in the south of North Eastern Argentina adds to the two cases previously reported. The discussion is focused on the link between the presence of this pathology and the ethnohistorical, archeological, and environmental context of the studied area.
The challenging diagnosis of cranial congenital anomalies in a newborn from an Italian 20th century documented skeletal collection
Authors: Palamenghi Andrea , Biehler‐Gomez Lucie , Mattia Mirko , Breda Laura , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMicrocephaly and encephalocele are congenital conditions that are rarely observed in perinatal skeletal remains. This case report investigates the craniofacial features of an individual of 38 gestational weeks from the Collezione Antropologica LABANOF (CAL) skeletal collection for which the death certificate indicates microcephaly and encephalocele as the cause of death. Loss of normal morphology of the sphenoid, temporal, and maxillary bones was noted and described. The state of preservation of the skeleton hindered direct observation of the anomalies related to microcephaly, but features that can be ascribed to an encephalocele were found. However, the lesions observed could not be reliably related to the conditions reported in the death certificate, so an additional interpretation of the observed pathological signs was suggested, even though the bone changes are not specific enough to draw a definite diagnosis. Although the skeleton was not fully recovered, the remaining osseous elements provide relevant insights to the appearance of cranial anomalies in perinatal individuals. Moreover, these findings are helpful to bioarcheologists because of the dearth of reports that describe the skeletal changes that accompany these pathological conditions.