bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of China-Pakistan Cross Border Trade Conflicts Resolution Mechanism
Authors: IDREES Rao Qasim , CHEEMA Zaheer Iqbal , RIAZ Jawwad 
Published: July 2020

This research paper significantly discusses ‘China Pakistan bilateral investment trade regime’ and the issues relating to dispute settlement as these are considered as high risks to disturb the trade agreements made between Pakistan and China after the huge investment in recent years. Pakistan and China have strong bilateral investment treaty agreements; however, such agreements cannot provide the suitable environment for current bilateral trade and investment, hence required to be amended. In this research authors examine the China Pakistan bilateral investment legal regime and dispute resolution mechanism by way of historical and comparative legal research approaches and considered these as legal risks in the way of foreign investment and the operation difficulties it may encounter. During this study, comparative legal research is applied to find out the differences among Pakistan legal system and international laws to make foreign investment more beneficial. Furthermore, under this research authors maintain the discussion through analytical approach that dispute resolution mechanism prevailing in Pakistan may not be capable to provide required support in favor of Pakistan where international arbitration and trade disputes are still in evolution process and assessed as a barrier in the way of bilateral trade. The objectives of this research are to examine the China Pakistan cross border trade conflict resolution mechanism in depth followed by good social, economic and legal policies for Pakistan. The intention of the researchers through this research is to provide to a stronger, safer and beneficial dispute resolution mechanism towards the socio-economic progress of Pakistan through enhancing the standards of such mechanism. This research concludes that Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between two countries are obsolete and required many amendments on the account of current investments. To fulfill the objective of current research paper, this study suggests the creation of international commercial court in Pakistan to deal with bilateral investment disputes.
Expansion of Public Law into the Sphere of Private Interests: Strengthening State Regulation as a New Management Paradigm
Authors: USANOV Vladimir E. 
Published: July 2020

Relevance. The article is relevant since the recent events have revealed the illusory nature of democratic principles and the independence of private interests in the Russian Federation. The illusion of free choice and democratic procedures disappeared when public authorities declared a state of emergency or self-isolation regime (quarantine during the COVID-2019 pandemic) facing a force that exceeded the resources and capabilities of the government systems.
Objective. The article aims at studying a new global model of expanding public law into the sphere of private interests due to strengthening the state regulation of public relations as a new management paradigm. The current model typical of many countries, in particular Russia, can be called a model of an actual emergency. The Russian Federation did not declare de jure state of emergency. Otherwise, public authorities would have to take on big obligations and be responsible for losses (damages, contract failures, suspended trading and production, downsizing, unemployment) of their citizens and businesses.
Methods. The main research method was deduction used for studying the legal specifics of expanding public law into the sphere of private interests. The author of the article also used the inductive, comparative-legal and historical methods, as well as the method of systematic scientific analysis. To solve the task, it is necessary to consider the legal foundations and features of strengthening state regulation as a new management paradigm.
Results. Analyzing the actual state of emergency experienced by most countries and considering the actions of the Russian authorities, the author claims that public law serves as the basis of public administration but invades the sphere of private interests. It begins to manage it in a state of emergency to preserve the existing state system and its integrity. As a result, private law ceases to be independent and must obey the rules of public law. At the same time, the democratic traditions and principles proclaimed in the Constitution and other laws, human rights and civil freedoms are instantly absorbed by public law and become a legal fiction for a certain time.
The development of historical imagination on the example of an exercise addressed to first-year students of history at Nicolaus Copernicus University1
Authors: Agnieszka Laddach Agnieszka Laddach 
Published: July 2020

Laddach Agnieszka, The development of historical imagination on the example of an exercise addressed to firstyear students of history at Nicolaus Copernicus University. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 163–181, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.11.
December 12, 2016 a group of eleven first-year students of history organized at the Institute of History of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) participated in the field work carried out in the church Roman Catholic parish of St. Jacob the Apostle in Toruń. During a visit in the temple the students performed an exercised to draw their attention: generally to the role of the imagination in the practice of the historian’s research and training his own imagination in whole live. First, the authoress described a process of the exercise. Then she briefly pointed to the literature on the role of the imagination. Later she discussed the work that have arisen in the result of the exercise. Next she characterized the thoughts and impressions of students. She also outlinedthe importance of this exercise in a broader context. At the end she summed up the whole article.
Sport in the new media. Media coverages of selected sport disciplines during the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Organista Natalia , Halter-Bogołębska Martyna 
Published: July 2020

Organista Natalia, Halter–Bogołębska Martyna, Sport in the new media. Media coverages of selected sport disciplines during the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 203–224, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300–0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.13.
This study concerns the online sports media coverage, a topic that has not been previously analyzed in Poland. In recent decades many studies (in Anglo–Saxon countries in particular) indicated the major underrepresentation of women’s sport and different framing of sportswomen andsportsmen. Those studies showed that the media plays important role in upholding gender stereotypes in sport and hindering empowerment of sportswomen. This study analyzes media coverage of three sports disciplines (gymnastics,swimming and weightlifting) during Rio Olympics on five websites. Findings revealed underrepresentation of women’s sport and setting the trend to write about women’s sport in disciplines consider as appropriated for women. The qualitative analysis did not indicate gender–specific descriptors in materials about sportspeople.
The relationship between Us/Them dialectics and agonism in Polish context
Authors: Jastrząb Patryk 
Published: July 2020

Jastrząb Patryk, The relationship between We/They dialectics and agonism in Polish context. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 245–263, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.16.
I focused on the unconstrained but established in the theory reflection on We/They dialectics, which was analysed for its antagonistic foundation as being understood in the Polish context. However, I did not only concentrate on presenting the socio-political perspective of this subject as I have adopted a more contemplative, philosophical approach. Therefore political reality was only a pretext for me to tell a reader about a much more fundamental conflict concerning our values and freedom. I concluded the consideration with stating the fact of the possibility of existence of agonistic diversity among democratic variety.
Learners’ attitudes to first, second and third languages pronunciation in structuring multilingual identity
Authors: Szyszka Magdalena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates multilingual learners’ attitudes to native (L1 – Ukrainian), second (L2 – Polish) and foreign (L3 – English) languages’ pronunciation, and discusses them from the perspective of structuring multilingual identity. In the study, the choice of the sample has been controlled in terms of the participants’ nationality and the context in which they acquire their second and foreign languages – variables that are interwoven in shaping identities. More specifically, the 40 Ukrainian individuals, taking part in the study, are in the process of a foreign language acquisition, English, embedded in the context of their second language, Polish. The attitudes to L1, L2 and L3 pronunciation of the 40 multilinguals have been measured quantitatively and analysed with the aim of providing more insight into understanding how individuals construe their multilingual identities. Negative relationships were found between those who reported an L1 accent as an important factor involved in the perception of their selves and the desire to sound native-like in L2 – Polish (r = −0.37, p < 0.05), and L3 – English (r = −0.43, p < 0.05). The latter variable, however, correlated positively with having native-like pronunciation as a goal in learning Polish (r = 0.75, p < 0.05) and English (r = 0.89, p < 0.05).
Sensitive determination of ethyl glucuronide in serum and whole blood: detection time after alcohol exposure compared with urine
Authors: Neumann Jasna , Beck Olof , Helander Anders , Dahmen Norbert , Böttcher Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a conjugated, minor ethanol metabolite used as a biomarker for recent alcohol intake. EtG is commonly measured in urine as part of a drug testing service but has also attracted attention for measurement in blood. However, due to lower EtG concentrations in blood, the detection time is expected to be shorter. The present work aimed to improve the analytical sensitivity of EtG in blood, to prolong the detection time.

Methods
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for EtG in whole blood and serum, using protein precipitation with methanol, a deuterated internal standard, and selected reaction monitoring mode with negative electrospray ionization. No significant matrix effect was observed. The method generated linear results in the measuring range 1.0–50 μg/L, the accuracy was within ±10% and the imprecision <15%.

Results
In 46 patients followed with daily blood and urine sampling during alcohol detoxification, the mean (median) time to first negative serum EtG sample was 112 (111) h. This was slightly longer than for EtG in urine, using 100 μg/L as cutoff. The detection rate was 76% for serum EtG and 68% for urine EtG. In cases where serum EtG was positive but urine EtG negative, the urine samples tended to be more dilute as indicated by lower creatinine concentrations. On admission to hospital, the whole-blood and serum EtG concentrations correlated with the breath ethanol concentration (p = 0.012 and p = 0.027, respectively). In 100 patients sampled at admission to hospital for other reasons than substance abuse and with no ethanol detected in breath, 40% tested positive for EtG in serum and 43% in urine. In 79 paired urine and serum EtG measurements, the median urine/serum concentration ratio was 155.

Conclusions
A sensitive method was developed for EtG measurement in whole-blood and serum specimens, offering similar detection time for recent alcohol exposure compared with routine EtG measurement in urine.
Global structure of sign-changing solutions for discrete Dirichlet problems
Authors: Wei Liping , Ma Ruyun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Let

T
>
1

T\gt 1

be an integer,

T
≔

[
1
,
T
]

Z

=
{
1
,
2
,
…
,
T
}
,

T
ˆ

≔
{
0
,
1
,
…
,
T
+
1
}

{\mathbb{T}}:= {{[}1,T]}_{{\mathbb{Z}}}=\{1,2,\ldots ,T\},\hspace{.0em}\hat{{\mathbb{T}}}:= \{0,1,\ldots ,T+1\}

. In this article, we are concerned with the global structure of the set of sign-changing solutions of the discrete second-order boundary value problem

{

Δ

2

u
(
x
−
1
)
+
λ
h
(
x
)
f
(
u
(
x
)
)
=
0
,

x
∈
T
,

u
(
0
)
=
u
(
T
+
1
)
=
0
,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{\Delta}}^{2}u(x-1)+\lambda h(x)f(u(x))=0,\hspace{1em}x\in {\mathbb{T}},\\ u(0)=u(T+1)=0,\end{array}\right.

where

λ
>
0

\lambda \gt 0

is a parameter,

f
∈
C
(
ℝ
,
ℝ
)

f\in C({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}})

satisfies

f
(
0
)
=
0
,

s
f
(
s
)
>
0

f(0)=0,\hspace{.1em}sf(s)\gt 0

for all

s
≠
0

s\ne 0

and

h
:

T
ˆ

→
[
0
,
+
∞
)

h:\hat{{\mathbb{T}}}\to {[}0,+\infty )

. By using the directions of a bifurcation, we obtain existence and multiplicity of sign-changing solutions of the above problem for

λ

\lambda

lying in various intervals in

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

. Moreover, we point out that these solutions change their sign exactly

k
−
1

k-1

times, where

k
∈
{
1
,
2
,
…
,
T
}

k\in \{1,2,\ldots ,T\}

.
Inverse Sturm-Liouville problem with analytical functions in the boundary condition
Authors: Bondarenko Natalia Pavlovna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe inverse spectral problem is studied for the Sturm-Liouville operator with a complex-valued potential and arbitrary entire functions in one of the boundary conditions. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for uniqueness and develop a constructive algorithm for the inverse problem solution. The main results are applied to the Hochstadt-Lieberman half-inverse problem. As an auxiliary proposition, we prove local solvability and stability for the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem by the Cauchy data in the non-self-adjoint case.
Crystal structure of bis[3-methoxy-N-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazonato-κ3
O,N,N′]nickel(II), C28H26N8O4Ni
Authors: Li Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C28H26N8O4Ni, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 11.675(9) Å, b = 9.884(8) Å, c = 23.225(17) Å, V = 2680(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0495, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1329, T = 296 K.
Cuneiform Tablets from Shmet from the Excavation Season of 2001
Authors: Salman Fahad Sa’ad , Abdul-Qadir Abbas Raghad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 2001–2002, the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage undertook excavations at the site of Shmet in the Umma region, thereby uncovering a large residential quarter. This article presents the first six cuneiform tablets from the first excavation season at the site, dating to the Presargonic and Ur III periods. The god names mentioned support the identification of Shmet with the ancient city of Ki.anki.
The Historical Syntax of the Subordinative Morphemes in Assyrian Akkadian
Authors: Bjøru Øyvind , Pat-El Na’ama 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Assyrian subordinative morphemes -u/-ni are treated as allomorphs with the same distribution and function. In this paper we will examine the syntax of these morphemes in Assyrian and argue that they are in fact two distinct morphemes with no allomorphic relation. We will further follow a number of significant syntactic developments in the use of the subordinative morphemes in Neo-Assyrian.
On Sippar’s Quay: Cuneiform Tablets with Aramaic Inscriptions from the Böhl Collection in Leiden
Authors: Still Bastian , Sonnevelt Rieneke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article we publish and study three Neo-Babylonian cuneiform texts from the Böhl Collection that contain Aramaic inscriptions. Deriving from the same archival context, these tablets bring to life the complex social fabric of Sippar’s entrepreneurial harbour community and its multilinguistic landscape. We argue that the appearance of alphabetic inscriptions in this setting is not a coincidence and tells us more about the role of Aramaic in Babylonian society at the time.
Mercury cycling in Australian estuaries and near shore coastal ecosystems: Triggers for management
Authors: Maher William , Krikowa Frank , Ellwood Michael 
Published: July 2020

Mercury (Hg) sources to estuaries (natural and anthropogenic) as well as Hg concentrations in Australian nearshore marine environment fish are reviewed herein. The question of whether Australian estuaries have a Hg contamination problem is addressed. The Hg concentrations in fish, excluding sharks, tuna, barramundi and some stingrays, in estuaries and near-shore ecosystems with no discernable pollution sources are typically below 0.5 mg/kg wet weight, the level of health concern. There is no relationship of Hg concentration with fish size or age nor any evidence of biomagnification. In locations with historic large discrete Hg input sources (e.g. Derwent Estuary, Tasmania, Princess Royal Harbour WA, Port Phillip Bay Vic, Sydney sewage outfalls NSW), Hg concentrations in some sediment-dwelling fish such as flatheads exceed the health limit of 0.5 mg/kg. In this paper, we also review, within an Australian context, the biogeochemical processes controlling the formation and accumulation of methyl mercury (MeHg). On entering waterways, Hg rapidly partitions to particulate matter and deposits into sediments. The remobilisation of Hg from sediment is dependent on the formation of MeHg by bacteria and ultimately the interplay of S, Fe and Se cycling. Fish species that move and feed in different areas have Hg concentrations that do not reflect the sediment Hg concentrations where they are caught, i.e. there is an uncoupling of diet and potential Hg exposure.
Concluding remarks focus on management interventions: source reduction, preventing eutrophication and promoting system biodiversity and biodiverse diets to mediate the accumulation of Hg in marine organisms and limit the intake of Hg by humans when consuming fish.
Technical Failure of Giant Supraclinoid Aneurysm after Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Liu Dong , Lv Ming , Li Youxiang , Yang Xinjian , Wu Zhongxue 
Published: July 2020

We describe three cases of technical failure in patients with giant supraclinoid aneurysm treated with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Case 1 was a 65-year-old woman who presented with a two-month history of headache accompanied by blurred vision of the left eye. Case 2 was a 43-year-old woman who presented with a six-month history of headache accompanied by blurred vision of the right eye. Case 3 was a 21-year-old man admitted due to headache and blurred vision of the left eye, accompanied by left oculomotor nerve palsy for three months. Cerebral angiography revealed giant supraclinoid aneurysms in these patients. All of them were treated with ICA occlusion. One case had recurrent headache symptoms after the first procedure and was retreated. Two cases suffered from post-procedural intracranial hemorrhagic complications. Before ICA occlusion for giant supraclinoid aneurysm, balloon occlusion test was used to evaluate the collateral anastomosis between the external carotid artery (ECA) and the ICA, and still plays an important role in preventing treatment failure.
Zum Verhältnis der §§ 125, 126 GWB zur Durchsetzung kartellrechtlicher Schadensersatzansprüche
Authors: Jaeger Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der am 18. 4. 2016 in Kraft getretene § 125 GWB regelt für ein an öffentlichen Aufträgen interessiertes Unternehmen die Möglichkeit einer sog. Selbstreinigung nach einem schwerwiegenden Fehlverhalten anstatt des sonst zu erwartenden Ausschlusses vom Vergabeverfahren. § 125 GWB formuliert die Voraussetzungen für eine Selbstreinigung in so überzeugender, selbstverständlich erscheinender Art, dass man glauben könnte, keine nennenswerten Schwierigkeiten bei der Anwendung der Vorschrift zu haben. Hinter der Fassade des Vorschriftstextes verbergen sich aber gravierende Probleme, insbesondere dann, wenn die Vortat aus einem Kartellrechtsverstoß besteht. Der nachfolgende Aufsatz versucht, einen Beitrag zur Aufklärung zu leisten, ob und wie man die Probleme lösen und das Instrument der Selbstreinigung nebenher auch zur Durchsetzung von Kartellschadensersatzansprüchen wirken lassen kann.
Changes in pattern of complications in acute myocardial infarction over a ten-year follow-up: gender specificities
Authors: Okrugin S. A. , Repin A. N. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. To compare changes in pattern of complications in acute myocardial infarction (MI) among Tomsk population at the age of >20 years over a ten-year follow-up period (2008-2017).Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the World Health Organization Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. In 2008, 800 MI cases were recorded (62,4% — men; 37,6% — women (p<0,001)). In 2017, acute MI was restarted in 906 patients (58,1% — men; 41,9% — women (p<0,05)). According to age pattern in 2008, there were 62,1% of patients >60 years of age (among men — 49,1%; among women — 83,7% (p<0,0001)), which after 10 years were 74,5 % (p<0,001).Results. In 2008, a complicated course of MI was observed in 49,9% of patients, in 2017, much more often — in 80,4% of patients (p<0,001). Over the analyzed period, incidence of acute aneurysm, myocardial rupture, and recurrent MI decreased. At the same time, the number of patients with post-MI heart failure (HF) significantly increased. In 2008, there were no significant differences in the incidence of MI complications in men and women. The most common complication in both men and women was arrhythmias and conduction disorders. After 10 years, the statistics remained virtually unchanged, with the exception of pulmonary embolism, which was significantly more common in women. Noteworthy is a significant increase in the number of HF patients (among men and women).Conclusion. Over a ten-year follow-up period, significant changes in patterns of MI complications in Tomsk were not revealed. It should be noted that MI became more severe and was more often accompanied by complications, the most common of which was HF. This is due to an increase in the age pattern of elderly and senile patients.
Analysis of the relationship between systemic inflammation and diastolic dysfunction in patients with heart failure and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ankudinov A. S. , Kalyagin A. N. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. To study the relationship of the systemic inflammation with the morphological and functional myocardial parameters in patients with heart failure (HF) due to hypertension and coronary artery disease in combination with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods. The study included 57 women with NYHA class I-II HF. Patients were divided into two comparable groups: group 1 (n=31) — patients with HF and seropositive RA (Steinbrocker X-ray stage I-III); group 2 (n=26) — HF patients without RA.Results. A comparative analysis of morphological and functional parameters did not reveal significant differences: left ventricular ejection fraction in groups 1 and 2 were 51,06±5,6% and 51,6±6,4%, respectively (p=0,7); the ratio of peak velocity blood flow in early diastole to peak velocity flow in late diastole (E/A) was 0,9±0,1 and 0,8±0,1, respectively (p=0,7). For other echocardiographic parameters, differences were also not detected (p>0,05). Nevertheless, significant regression model was created between the RA activity score (DAS28), rheumatoid factor, and E/A was created: R=0,5; R2 =0,3; F=2,6; p=0,04.Conclusion. As a result of the study, significant direct moderate correlation of the RA activity score (DAS28) with E/A ratio was revealed in the group of patients with HF and RA. The data obtained may indicate an unfavorable prognosis of HF with an increase in RA activity.