bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the Sorting non-trauMatIc adoLescent knEe pain (SMILE) tool – a development and initial validation study
Authors: Guldhammer Clara , Holden Sinead , Sørensen Marina Elmelund , Olesen Jens Lykkegaard , Jensen Martin Bach , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the commonality of adolescent knee pain, there are no tools to support medical doctors to correctly diagnose knee pain. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a support tool for diagnosing the most common types of non-traumatic adolescent knee pain.Method: A systematic search on Medline identified the literature on clinical tests and diagnoses of adolescent knee pain. The search was supplemented by textbooks and transformed into a diagnostic flowchart based on onset, symptoms, and pain localisation. This tool was revised based on feedback from general practitioners and experts in sports medicine. The tool was evaluated on two separate days with blinded assessors. Overall, 27 participants (aged 10-17 years) with non-traumatic knee pain were included. All participants were diagnosed by medical doctors or medical students, without and with the use of the tool. Diagnoses were compared to a gold standard (expert clinician). An interview to inform optimisations of the tool was performed with the assessors. Percentage agreement with the gold standard, and Kappa statistic for interrater reliability were calculated.Results: The final tool improved diagnostic agreement with the gold standard from 22.7% (95% CI 10.3-35.1) to 77.3% (95% CI 64.9-89.7). Inter-rater reliability increased from poor agreement k=-0.04 (95% CI, -0.12-0.04) to moderate agreement k=0.56 (95% CI, 0.40-0.72).Conclusion: This simple diagnostic tool is quick to use and may assist doctors in diagnosing non-traumatic knee pain in adolescents.
Use of a technology-based system to motivate older adults in performing physical activity: a feasibility study.
Authors: Knippenberg Els , Timmermans Annick , Palmaers Steven , Spooren Annemie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Maintaining or initiating regular physical activity (PA) is important for successful aging. Technology-based systems may support and stimulate older adults to initiate and persevere in performing PA. The aim of the current study was to assess to which extent a customised Kinect system is 1) a credible tool to increase PA in older adults, 2) motivating to perform PA by older adults, and 3) easy to be used in older adults.Methods A mixed-method cross-sectional feasibility study was performed in 5 aged care facilities in Flanders, Belgium. Aged participants were asked to perform a 20-30 minute test with the intelligent Activity-based Client-centred Training (i-ACT) system. After the test, the ‘Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire’ (CEQ), the ‘Intrinsic Motivation Inventory’(IMI), the System Usability Scale (SUS), and semi-structured interviews were conducted in the older adults. Feedback was gathered using the thinking aloud method in both aged participants and healthcare professionals.Results A total of 48 older adults (20 males and 28 females, mean age=81.19 (SD=8.10)), were included. The scores pertaining to system credibility and expectancy, system usability, and motivation towards use were moderate to good. Participants reported that they liked using the i-ACT system, but that the context could be more attractive by adding more visualisations. Twelve professionals stated that they observed involvement in older adults but think that i-ACT is better used in day care centres.Conclusions This study indicates that i-ACT is a usable and motivational system to engage older adults to perform PA and therefore supports successful aging. Future research is necessary to investigate the efficacy of i-ACT to perform PA and the transfer to regain and/or maintain engagement in ADLs that older adults find meaningful and purposeful at an older age. Also, further development of i-ACT is advisable to adapt the i-ACT system towards implementation at the home of older adults.Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov ID NCT04489563, 23 July 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000A39C&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0003E6F&ts=37&cx=2jhfvs
Assessment of China’s Contribution to the Regional Network for Asian Schistosomiasis: A Questionnaire survey
Authors: Li Hongmei , Qian Yingjun , Yang Kun , Ding Wei , Huang Lulu , Ma Xuejiao , Duan Lei , Wang Duoquan , Guan Yayi , Xiao Ning , Zhou Xiao-Nong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The Regional Network for Asian Schistosomiasis and other Helminth Zoonoses (RNAS+) launched in 1998, has close partnerships with countries where schistosomiasis and other helminthiasis are endemic. RNAS+ has provided an ideal regional platform for experts involved in policy-making, control, and research of parasitic diseases in Asian countries. China, one of the initiating countries, has provided significant technical and financial support to the regional network. Although Chinese institutions provided great technical and resource support toward the RNAS+ development along with other member countries, its role and Chinese scientists or institutions’ contributions have not been evaluated systematically. This study assessed the Chinese contributions in the support of RNAS+ development.Methods: An assessment research framework was planned to evaluate China’s contribution to RNAS+ based on four aspects, including capacity building, funding support, coordination, and cooperation. An anonymous web-based questionnaire was designed to acquire basic information of the respondents, China’s contributions, challenges, and recommendations for RNAS+ development. Each participant scored from 0 to 10 to assess China’s contribution: “0” no contribution, and “10” 100% contribution. Participants who included their e-mail address in the 2017 - 2019 RNAS+ annual workshops were invited to participate the assessment. Results: Of 71 participants enrolled, 41 responded to the survey, 37 (37/41, 90.2%) of whom were from RNAS+ member countries while the remaining 4 (4/41, 9.8%) were international observers. Most respondents (34/41, 82.93%) are familiar with RNAS+. Respondents reported that China’s contributions were mainly in improving of capacity building, providing funding support, responsible of the coordination, and joint application of the cooperation programmes in the development of RNAS+. The average scores of China’s contributions in the above four fields were 8.92, 8.64, 8.75, and 8.67, respectively, with an overall assessment score of 8.81. The challenges of RNAS+ include the lack of sustainable funding and skills, and most participants indicated their continual need of China’s support.Conclusions This survey showed that China plays an important role in the development of RNAS+. This network-type organization for disease control and research can yet be regarded as a great potential pattern for China to enhance regional cooperation. These findings can be used to promote future cooperation between China and other RNAS+ member countries.
Fine-tuning roles of Osa-miR159a in rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae and development
Authors: Chen Jin-Feng , Zhao Zhi-Xue , Li Yan , Li Ting-Ting , Zhu Yong , Yang Xue-Mei , Zhou Shi-Xin , Wang He , Zhao Ji-Qun , Pu Mei , Feng Hui , Fan Jing , Zhang Ji-Wei , Hang Yan-Yan , Wang Wenming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. An increasing number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to fine-tune rice immunity against M. oryzae and coordinate with growth and development.Results: Here, we showed that rice microRNA159a (Osa-miR159a) played a positive role in rice resistance to M. oryzae. The expression of Osa-miR159a was suppressed in a susceptible accession at 12, 24, and 48 hours post-inoculation (hpi); it was upregulated in a resistant accession of M. oryzae at 24 hpi. The transgenic rice lines overexpressing Osa-miR159a were highly resistant to M. oryzae. In contrast, the transgenic lines expressing a short tandem target mimic (STTM) to block Osa-miR159a showed enhanced susceptibility. Knockout mutations of the target genes of Osa-miR159a, including OsGAMYB, OsGAMYBL, and OsZF, led to resistance to M. oryzae. Alteration of the expression of Osa-miR159a impacted yield traits including pollen and grain development.Conclusions: Our results indicated that Osa-miR159a positively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae by downregulating its target genes. Proper expression of Osa-miR159a was critical for coordinating rice blast resistance with grain development.
Morphological, molecular and ecological characterization of a native isolate of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) from southern Chile
Authors: Flores Patricia A , Alvarado Andrea , Lankin Gabriela , Lax Paola , Prodan Simona , Aballay Erwin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Steinernema feltiae is an entomopathogenic nematode used in biological control programs with a global distribution. Populations of this species show phenotypic plasticity derived from local adaptation, and vary in different traits, such as location and host penetration. The aim of this work was to describe a Chilean isolate of this nematode species, using integrative approaches.Methods: Nematode morphological and morphometric studies were conducted along with molecular analysis of nuclear genes. The symbiotic bacterium was also identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Some ecological characteristics were described, including the temperature requirements for nematode life cycle and the effect of soil water content for optimal reproduction. Results: Morphometric characterization revealed a large intra-specific variability. The isolate identity was also corroborated with the analysis of nuclear genes. Based on the 16S gene, its symbiont bacteria, Xenorhabdus bovienii, was identified. The lowest, optimal and highest temperatures found to limit the infestation and reproduction on Galleria mellonella were 10, 20 and 30 °C respectively; the emergence from the host larvae occurred approximately ten days after inoculation. Differences were observed in offspring, and 120 infective juveniles (IJ)/larva was the most prolific dose at 20 °C. The soil water content did not affect the number of IJ invaders, penetration efficacy and IJ emergence time or offspring per larva, but it caused a delay in achieving full mortality at the permanent wilting point with respect to saturation and field capacity.Conclusions: For the first time, a Chilean isolate of S. feltiae is described in detail considering morphological, molecular and ecological aspects. The isolate showed to be efficient in soil containing water, with optimal temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 °C for host infestation and production of an abundant offspring; these characteristics would allow its potential use as control agents in a wide geographical area of the country
PELAKSANAAN PENILAIAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR SELAMA MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Kisno Kisno , Turmudi Turmudi , Fatmawati Nia 
Published: December 2020

Penilaian merupakan salah satu komponen dalam kegiatan pembelajaran guna mengetahui ketercapaian dan keberhasilan siswa dalam belajar. Sangat penting bagi seorang guru untuk melaksanakan penilaian belajar dalam kondisi apapun sehingga dapat memanfaatkan hasil penilaian tersebut untuk perbaikan dan pencapaian tujuan belajar yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) memberikan gambaran mengenai pelaksanaan penilaian dalam pembelajaran matematika yang dilakukan oleh guru sekolah dasar di Lampung pada masa pandemic covid-19, (2) mengetahui kendala dan hambatan guru sekolah dasar di Lampung dalam melaksanakan penilaian matematika pada masa pandemic covid-19. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui kuisioner, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan penilaian yang dilakukan oleh guru sekolah dasar di Lampung dalam pembelajaran matematika pada masa pandemic cukup dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Meskipun demikian, ditemukan guru mengalami kendala dalam melaksanakan penilaian matematika di masa pandemic covid-19, mulai dari kesulitan menilai pemahaman konseptual matematika siswa hingga pada keputusan menentukan nilai akhir semester di masa pandemi covid-19.
KARAKTER MASKULIN DAN FEMINIM TOKOH PEREMPUAN DALAM PERPEKTIF DONGENG DAERAH NTT
Authors: Moon Yuliana Jetia 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dibangun dengan pertanyaan mendasar, “Apakah benar masyarakat patrilineal di NTT zaman dahulu telah membangun mindset bahwa perempuan ditakdirkan harus berkarakter feminim di dalam dirinya?” Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbandingan karakter maskulin dan karakter feminim pada tokoh perempuan di dalam dongeng-dongeng daerah NTT. Teknik penyediaan data ditempuh peneliti melalui studi pustaka. Analisis data meliputi tahap membaca, mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, dan menginterpretasi, dan menyajikan hasil analisis data. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah dongeng-dongeng daerah NTT yang secara dominan menempatkan tokoh perempuan di dalam cerita. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pengelompokan karakter maskulin dan feminim yang ditampilkan di dalam dongeng sangat bias. Garis identifikasi karakter yang harus ada pada laki-laki dan karakter yang harus ada pada perempuan bersifat luas atau tidak ketat. Data-data dalam dongeng yang menujukkan karakter maskulin pada tokoh perempuan sebanyak 69%, sedangkan data yang menunjukkan karakter feminim sebanyak 31%. Berdasarkan pada hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa perempuan, di dalam dongeng-dongeng NTT, digambarkan memiliki sisi maskulinitas. Dalam banyak hal, tokoh perempuan digambarkan memiliki kesamaan ciri dengan laki-laki, seperti berprestasi, memiliki relasi, independen, memiliki keberanian, dan menolak penindasan.
Environmental sustainability: a review of the water–energy–food nexus
Authors: Zarei Soheila , Bozorg-Haddad Omid , Kheirinejad Shima , Loáiciga Hugo A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Water, energy, and food are primary resources on which human life is dependent. This paper presents a review of the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus considering the environmental impacts generated by humans' reliance on water, energy, and food for their subsistence. Our review assesses the WEF with respect to the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors and their use of water, energy, and food. The multi-sectorial assessment addresses options for improved management that avoids or mitigates adverse impacts in the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors. Activities such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural sector, for instance, cause water, air, and soil pollution, which leads to social calamities and environmental degradation. Therefore, examining the effects of mismanagement in one sector on other sectors from the perspective of the WEF nexus is necessary for improved resource management and environmental protection. A literature review revealed that factors or practices of resources use influence sectors differently and with varying degrees of effectiveness in reducing the environmental damage caused by resources use. Improved social awareness on resource consumption, the use of renewable energy, improved energy efficiency, the reduction of food waste, improved animal husbandry, and other factors involved in the WEF nexus are herein examined. This paper's analysis demonstrates that every action and manner of resource use in one sector also affects other sectors and their resources use, thus calling for a unified analysis of the WE nexus.
Potential of ceramic and biosand water filters as low-cost point-of-use water treatment options for household use in Nigeria
Authors: Erhuanga Ebele , Banda Maingaila Moono , Kiakubu Doutimiye , Kashim Isah Bolaji , Ogunjobi Bioye , Jurji Zaid , Ayoola Ibukunoluwa , Soboyejo Winston 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many households in Nigeria lack access to safe drinking water. Sixty-three percent (63%) of the nation's population live in rural areas where only 3% of households have access to safely managed drinking water. This suggests an urgent need for intervention to offer sustainable solutions to drinking water needs at household levels. An operational research was commissioned by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Nigeria to generate evidence to inform and guide Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programming on household water quality. This involved an assessment of local manufacturing of household water filters; factors influencing social acceptability and market opportunities for clay and biosand water filters in Nigeria. Implementation of the research recommendations by the filter factories resulted in improved bacterial removal efficiency (&gt;97%) in filters. Factors such as filter design and efficiency were shown to influence acceptability of filters, which influenced the price at which users were willing to pay for the filters in the study areas. The market research indicated low popularity of the filters due to lack of promotion and marketing of the water filters. The research outcomes show great potential for sustainability and marketability of clay and biosand water filters for household water treatment in Nigeria.
Classification of Russian regions taking into account the structure of informal employment and the level of socio-economic development
Authors: Dubravskaya E. I. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. The possibilities for the implementation of national and regional strategic objectives depend on the compliance of the measures taken with the chosen development path. The set of measures includes managerial decisions in the field of labor market regulation and concerning the legalization of informal employment. To make managerial decisions on the regulation of the labor market at the regional level, an objective statistical assessment of the relationship between informal employment and indicators of socio-economic development is required.The information basis for the regulation of informal employment should be quantitatively assessed stable regularities of the relationship between the parameters of informal employment and the structural and dynamic characteristics of economic growth and development. To identify and evaluate these statistical patterns, based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service in a regional context, a system of statistical indicators has been developed and significant factors of informal employment and socio-economic development have been identified. Given the heterogeneity of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the scale and structure of informal employment, the distribution of regions into homogeneous groups is required. The article describes the approaches to the classification of Russian regions, taking into account the level of socio-economic development and the structure of informal employment.Materials and methods. The article examines an approach to the distribution of regions into homogeneous groups using the methods of cluster analysis based on a group of indicators characterizing those employed in the informal sector, which is based on the assumption that the indicators of informal employment are causally related to indicators of socio-economic development.Results. Five groups of regions are obtained, homogeneous in terms of the structural characteristics of informal employment and generalized factors of socio-economic development. For the purposes of further interpretation, the selected groups are assessed and ranked relative to the average Russian level of socio-economic development: low level (8 regions), below average (26 regions), average (41 regions), above average (8 regions), high level (2 regions) ...Conclusion. The resulting classification of Russian regions is a transitional stage to the construction of an econometric model of the relationship between informal employment and indicators of socio-economic development. Further analysis will allow us to assess which indicators have the greatest multiplier effect on the regional economy and to obtain a quantitative assessment of this impact on its growth.
Using Statistical Estimates in the Game with Nature as an Investment Model
Authors: Gorelik V. A. , Zolotova T. V. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. The aim of the research is to develop new principles of decision making (principles of optimality) in games with nature and their application to analyze statistical data and choose strategies for stock investment.Materials and methods. We analyze Russian and foreign bibliography on the research problem. A model of decision making in a game with nature with known state probabilities is proposed. The mathematical expectation of the player's payoff is taken as an assessment of efficiency, and the standard deviation or variance is taken as a risk assessment. This two-criterion task is formalized by transferring the efficiency assessment into a constraint. As a result, for the case of mixed strategies, a nonlinear (quadratic) task of mathematical programming arises. To solve it, an approach based on the Lagrange function and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions is used. As an application of the methods obtained, the problems of stock investment are considered.Results. Analytical methods for solving the indicated optimization problem and an algorithm for finding optimal mixed strategies are obtained. Practical examples of application of the proposed approach on real statistical data are given. As the initial data in this study, we used stock quotes of Russian companies in the electric power industry for the period from 01.07.2020 to 01.10.2020, taken from the website of the FINAM Investment Company. The developed method allows one to find the optimal strategy and the corresponding values of profitability and risk based on only the initial data (statistical characteristics of financial instruments and the threshold value of profitability), i.e. provides, in our opinion, a convenient analysis tool for the investor.Conclusion. The concept of the principle of optimality in decision making problems under conditions of incomplete information is very ambiguous. The decision maker should be able to choose from a range of decision making models that reflect the dependence of the type of rational behavior on the available information and the attitude to risk. The paper proposes a model of this type for the case of probabilistic uncertainty, which leads to the problem of minimizing variance as a risk assessment with a lower bound on the mathematical expectation as an assessment of efficiency.