bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic ecology of a blooming jellyfish (Aurelia coerulea) in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon
Authors: Marques Raquel , Bonnet Delphine , Carré Claire , Roques Cécile , Darnaude Audrey M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current lack of knowledge on the trophic ecology of scyphozoans, particularly at the benthic stage, prevents a full understanding of the controls on many jellyfish blooms. The blooming scyphozoan (Aurelia coerulea) completes its entire life cycle in the Thau lagoon (southern France), where the annual population dynamics of both its benthic and pelagic stages have been described. This offered an exceptional framework to investigate the trophic processes regulating jellyfish populations over time. To this aim, stable isotopic signature analysis (δ13C and δ15N) was used to infer the diet of bothA. coeruleascyphistomae and medusae over 1 year. These results were matched with medusae gut content analysis and with the monthly abundances of local plankton groups. Lastly, the isotopic signatures ofA. coeruleascyphistomae and medusae were compared with those of the oysters (Crassostrea gigas) cultivated in the lagoon to evaluate the potential interspecific trophic competition. The results revealed two seasonal shifts in the trophic niche ofA. coeruleaand substantial overlap between the diets of its benthic and pelagic stages. Conversely, trophic niche overlaps with the oysters were restricted, suggesting a limited impact of the local jellyfish bloom on shellfish production. Phytoplankton, microzooplankton, mesozooplankton, and sedimentary organic matter were all important food sources during critical periods ofA. coerulealife‐cycle. However, microzooplankton abundance was found to be key for the production of buds by the scyphistomae and, therefore it is likely to control the benthic population size and, thereby, to modulate the intensity of its annual bloom in Thau.
Molecular Changes in Vapor‐Based Polymer Thin Films Assessed by Characterization of Swelling Properties of Amine‐Functionalized Poly‐p‐xylylene
Authors: Koenig Meike , Trouillet Vanessa , Welle Alexander , Hinrichs Karsten , Lahann Joerg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThough widely applied in various technological areas, the knowledge about the molecular behavior of poly‐p‐xylylene and its derivatives prepared via chemical vapor deposition polymerization is still far from comprehensive, as for this polymer the characterization is limited due to the insolubility in most common solvents. This report presents the investigation of the swelling properties of aminomethyl‐functionalized poly‐p‐xylylene as a means to elucidate the influence of various process parameters on the structural properties of the polymer layer. The swelling of films with varying thickness, storage time and conditions, thermal treatment and deposited by varying the temperature of the deposition stage is measured. To gain deeper insight into the origin of the observed effects, the swelling measurements by spectroscopic ellipsometry are complemented using additional characterization methods.
Progress of Improving Mechanical Strength of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes
Authors: Han Yufen , Xu Yulong , Zhang Shaopeng , Li Tianya , Ramakrishna Seeram , Liu Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers with superior performance have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their extensive application in biomedical materials, filtration, catalysis, and so forth. However, the low mechanical properties, such as elongation at breaking strength and tensile strength, restrict the application of the nanofibers in many aspects. This article describes the recent progress in improving the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibrous membranes. At present, methods to increase the mechanical strength of nanofibers are mainly based on the introduction of appropriate polymer materials, improvements in spinning parameters, and post‐treatment. Herein, the principle, advantages, and disadvantages of those methods in depth are described. Finally, the research on enhancing the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibrous membranes and their future development is being discussed.
Autophagy and cardiac diseases: Therapeutic potential of natural products
Authors: Wu Xiaoqian , Liu Zumei , Yu Xi‐Yong , Xu Suowen , Luo Jiandong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe global incidence of cardiac diseases is expected to increase in the coming years, imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems. Autophagy is a tightly regulated lysosomal degradation mechanism important for cell survival, homeostasis, and function. Accumulating pieces of evidence have indicated a major role of autophagy in the regulation of cardiac homeostasis and function. It is well established that dysregulation of autophagy in cardiomyocytes is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In this sense, autophagy seems to be an attractive therapeutic target for cardiac diseases. Recently, multiple natural products/phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, berberine, and curcumin have been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte autophagy via different pathways. The autophagy‐modifying capacity of these compounds should be taken into consideration for designing novel therapeutic agents. This review focuses on the role of autophagy in various cardiac diseases and the pharmacological basis and therapeutic potential of reported natural products in cardiac diseases by modifying autophagic processes.
Evaluating systematic reanalysis of clinical genomic data in rare disease from single center experience and literature review
Authors: Tan Natalie B. , Stapleton Rachel , Stark Zornitza , Delatycki Martin B. , Yeung Alison , Hunter Matthew F. , Amor David J. , Brown Natasha J. , Stutterd Chloe A. , McGillivray George , Yap Patrick , Regan Matthew , Chong Belinda , Fanjul Fernandez Miriam , Marum Justine , Phelan Dean , Pais Lynn S. , White Susan M. , Lunke Sebastian , Tan Tiong Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur primary aim was to evaluate the systematic reanalysis of singleton exome sequencing (ES) data for unsolved cases referred for any indication. A secondary objective was to undertake a literature review of studies examining the reanalysis of genomic data from unsolved cases.MethodsWe examined data from 58 unsolved cases referred between June 2016 and March 2017. First reanalysis at 4–13 months after the initial report considered genes newly associated with disease since the original analysis; second reanalysis at 9–18 months considered all disease‐associated genes. At 25–34 months we reviewed all cases and the strategies which solved them.ResultsReanalysis of existing ES data alone at two timepoints did not yield new diagnoses. Over the same timeframe, 10 new diagnoses were obtained (17%) from additional strategies, such as microarray detection of copy number variation, repeat sequencing to improve coverage, and trio sequencing. Twenty‐seven peer‐reviewed articles were identified on the literature review, with a median new diagnosis rate via reanalysis of 15% and median reanalysis timeframe of 22 months.ConclusionOur findings suggest that an interval of greater than 18 months from the original report may be optimal for reanalysis. We also recommend a multi‐faceted strategy for cases remaining unsolved after singleton ES.
Application of UTD method to predict the electromagnetic characteristics in urban environments
Authors: Wang Nan , Chen Guiqi , Hou Peng , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUniform geometrical theory of diffraction method is applied to the calculation of electromagnetic distribution and situation in urban environment in this article. Analytical hexahedrons are used as mathematical modeling of urban buildings and double diffractions between edges of buildings are mainly stated. Double diffractions between parallel edges are traced analytically while double diffractions between non‐parallel edges are searched by numerical measures. Antennas are simulated by using the high‐order moment method and a quasi‐hybrid scheme is used to gain connection to UTD method. The accuracy of the proposed method is illustrated by compare of simulations and the engineering application value is shown by compare of actual measurements. The presented can realize the simulation analysis of electromagnetic distribution in large‐scale urban environment on one common computer without extra computing resources.
A new augmented support vector regression‐based behavioral model for multi‐device power amplifiers
Authors: Cai Jialin , King Justin , Su Jiangtao , Yu Chao , Chen Shichang , Sun Lingling , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new behavioral model based on augmented time‐delay support vector regression (SVR) for multi‐device radio frequency (RF) nonlinear power amplifiers (PAs), is proposed in this paper. The theory of the proposed modeling technique is provided, along with a detailed modeling procedure. Experimental results show that the proposed new augmented SVR (NASVR) model leads to significant performance improvements when compared with basic SVR models and existing Augmented SVR (ASVR) models. When applied to a multi‐device Doherty PA, a normalized mean square error (NMSE) between model prediction and measurement data of −44.4 dB is obtained, representing a more than 9 and 4.5 dB improvement compared with the basic SVR model and the existing ASVR model, respectively.
Modified wideband monopole antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle communication
Authors: Lee Jong Hwan , Lee Hyo Jin , Woo Jong Myung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, a novel surface‐mounted type wideband monopole antenna for VHF band unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is presented. The proposed antenna constitutes a planar monopole structure such that taper‐feeding configuration is adopted for wideband impedance matching and the radiation element of the antenna is formed on the vertical and horizontal parts of the narrow tail wing of the UAV to obtain monopole‐like radiation pattern. After designing the antenna, simulation was performed in the VHF band of 0.11‐0.17 GHz and the results showed the characteristics of the monopole. Because the antenna size of VHF band is too large to be tested, after 1/7 size scaling, the simulation and the measurement were performed in the frequency band of seven times the original band. The results show that the 10 dB return‐loss band is 0.732‐1.242 GHz (52.0%), the average gain in the H‐plane is −0.23 dBi, and the radiation patterns are very similar to those of the monopole antenna.
A compact OAM antenna for generating CP radiation patterns of three modes by using half‐mode SIWs
Authors: Hu Jun , Qiu Tong‐Tong , Wu Wen , Zhao Run‐Zhe , Qian Song‐Song 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on a uniformly sequential rotational array, this study proposes a compact orbital angular momentum (OAM) antenna, for generating circularly polarized radiation patterns of three modes. The antenna consists of four half‐mode substrate integrated waveguides and has a diameter of one wavelength in free space. Both the simulation and the measurement results show that the proposed antenna can generate ±1 OAM modes with circularly polarized radiation patterns with a gain of 9.2 dBi. The antenna can also generate 0 OAM mode with a conic radiation pattern with a gain of 7.0 dBi. The compact OAM antenna with three modes can be applied in multiplex systems with strict requirements on aperture dimensions.
DPSK over inverse pulse position modulation with high extinction ratio for optical label switching
Authors: Lu Yang , Li Hang , Hu Linghuan , Chen Qian , Ji Yicheng , Wang Xijie , Bi Meihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptical label switching (OLS) is a promising solution for rapidly growing packet based internet traffic and data switching in data center. Most proposed schemes apply orthogonal modulation, which superimpose a nonamplitude modulated label signal onto a Manchester coded or pulse position modulated (PPM) ASK payload signal. The extinction ratio (ER) has to be reduced for overlaid signal. To avoid the quality degradation of payload signal from low ER, a differential phase shift keying (DPSK) over inverse PPM is proposed in this paper. Due to the high mark ratio of the inverse PPM, the proposed DPSK over inverse PPM modulation achieves a high ER for the ASK signal while induces limited crosstalk to the DPSK signal. Compare with the previously proposed schemes, the test results show the proposed DPSK over inverse 4PPM modulation achieves an optimum ER improvement of at least 6 dB to support an extended of at least 10.5 km.
Domain classification and analysis of national institutes of health‐funded medical physics research
Authors: Scarpelli Matthew , Whelan Brendan , Farahani Keyvan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) previously developed a research database consisting of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants that were awarded to its members. The purpose of this report is to classify these NIH grants into various medical physics subdisciplines and analyze the scope of AAPM member research.MethodsFor this report, an algorithm classified grant topics into medical physics research subdisciplines (grants from 2002 to 2019 were analyzed). This algorithm utilized a search for common words and phrases within grant titles, keywords, abstracts, and activity codes to perform the classification. AAPM member grants were compared with non‐AAPM member grants in various relevant subcategories to assess what percentage of these grants was held by AAPM members.ResultsThe percentage of AAPM member grants that included words relating to both imaging and therapy (image‐guided therapy grants) increased from 13% (27/207) in 2002 to 27% (79/293) in 2019. The percentage of AAPM member grants utilizing words relating to artificial intelligence increased from 8% in 2002 to 20% in 2019. From 2002 to 2019, AAPM member grants referenced cancer more than all other diseases combined. The majority of AAPM member grants included words relating to clinical research (81% of grants in 2002 and 99% in 2019). When comparing AAPM member with non‐AAPM member grants it was found that in 2019 AAPM members held a substantial fraction of all NIH grants that referenced stereotactic radiation therapies (41%), radionuclide therapies (10%), brachytherapies (35%), intensity‐modulated radiation therapies (45%), and external beam particle therapies (55%). From 2002 to 2019, the percentage of AAPM membership holding NIH grants decreased for males (3.2% down to 2.3%) and increased for females (0.8% up to 1.3%)ConclusionsThe majority of grants awarded to AAPM members focus on clinical research, which underlies the translational aspect of medical physics and suggests medical physicists are uniquely positioned to help translate new technologies such as artificial intelligence into the clinic. Since 2002, NIH grants awarded to AAPM members have increasingly referenced some form of image‐guided therapy, suggesting opportunities for continued innovation of imaging technologies. A substantial fraction of all radiotherapy‐related research grants were awarded to AAPM members, emphasizing the important role physicists have in developing radiotherapy‐related treatments.
3D tumor detection in automated breast ultrasound using deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Wu Wen , Chen Houjin , Cheng Lin , Wang Shu 
Published: September 2020

PurposeAutomated breast ultrasound (ABUS) has drawn attention in breast disease detection and diagnosis applications. Reviewing hundreds of slices produced by ABUS is time‐consuming. In this paper, a tumor detection method for ABUS image based on convolutional neural network is proposed.MethodsFirst, integrating multitask learning with YOLOv3, an improved YOLOv3 detection network is designed to detect tumor candidate in two‐dimensional (2D) slices. Two‐dimensional detection separately treats each slice, leading to larger differences of position and score for tumor candidate in adjacent slices. Due to the influence of artifact, noise, and mammary tissues, 2D detection may include many false positive regions. To alleviate these problems, a rescoring processing algorithm is first designed. Then three‐dimensional volume forming and FP reduction scheme are built.ResultsThis method was tested on 340 volumes (124 patients, 181 tumors) with fivefold cross validation. It achieved sensitivities of 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, and 70% at 7.42, 3.31, 1.62, 1.23, and 0.88 false positives per volume.ConclusionCompared with existing ABUS tumor detection methods, our method gets a promising result.
Effects of patient orientations, landmark positions, and device positions on the MRI RF‐induced heating for modular external fixation devices
Authors: Xia Meiqi , Zheng Jianfeng , Yang Rui , Song Shuo , Xu Jian , Liu Qi , Kainz Wolfgang , Long Stuart A. , Chen Ji 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis paper studies the RF‐induced heating for modular external fixation devices applied on the leg regions of the human bodies. Through numerical investigations of RF‐induced heating related to different patient orientations, landmark positions, and device positions under 1.5T and 3T MRI systems, simple and practical methods to reduce RF‐induced heating are recommended.MethodsNumerical simulations using a full‐wave electromagnetic solver based on the finite‐difference time‐domain method were performed to characterize the effects of patient orientations (head‐first/feet‐first), landmark positions (the scanning area of the patient), and device positions (device on left or right leg) on the RF‐induced heating of the external fixation devices. The G32 coil design and three anatomical human models (Duke model, Ella model, and Fats model) were adopted to model the MRI RF coil and the patients.ResultsThe relative positions of the patient, device, and coil can significantly affect the RF‐induced heating. With other conditions remaining the same, changing the device position or patient orientation can lead to a peak 1‐g averaged spatial absorption ratio variation of a factor around four. By changing the landmark position and the patient orientation, the RF‐induced heating can be reduced from 1323.6 W/kg to 217.5 W/kg for the specific scanning situations studied.ConclusionPatient orientations, landmark positions, and device positions influence the RF‐induced heating of modular external fixation devices at 1.5 T and 3 T. These features can be used to reduce the RF‐induced heating during MRI simply and practically.
Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy
Authors: Grover Kavita M. , Sripathi Naganand 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder with bimodal age of presentation, occurring in young women of reproductive age and at an older age in men. Occasionally, MG is diagnosed during pregnancy. Management of MG includes symptomatic treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and immunosuppressive therapy for controlling the disease activity. Treatment of MG in women of reproductive age, who may be contemplating pregnancy, requires discussion regarding the choice of medication as well as the understanding of risks/adverse effects involved with various treatments. During the peripartum period, it is essential to ensure careful monitoring of the disease state along with the well‐being of the mother and fetus and to coordinate neonatal monitoring overseen by a multidisciplinary team comprising a high‐risk maternal fetal medicine specialist, a neurologist familiar with these complex issues, and a neonatologist.
Stabilization of positive coupled differential‐difference equations with unbounded time‐varying delays
Authors: Liu Guomin , Zhao Ping , Li Ruonan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis paper researches the static output‐feedback stabilization of single‐input single‐output (SISO) positive coupled differential‐difference equations (CDDEs) with unbounded time‐varying delays. First, a necessary and sufficient condition is provided for the positivity and asymptotical stability of CDDEs with unbounded time‐varying delays. For this type of system, based on the constructed estimates of its solution, a necessary and sufficient condition on asymptotical stability is provided. Then, based on this criterion, for CDDEs with unbounded time‐varying delays, a kind of static output‐feedback controller is designed to ensure the positivity and asymptotical stability of the corresponding closed‐loop systems. It is also worth pointing out that the controller is designed by the linear programming method without parameterization technique. This design approach can also be applied to the static state feedback stabilization problem of CDDEs with unbounded time‐varying delays. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of our results.
Preparation of Functional Long‐Subchain Hyperbranched Polystyrenes via Post‐polymerization Modification: Study on the Critical Role of Chemical Stability of Branching Linkage
Authors: Zhu Mo , Hao Nairong , Zaheer Muhammad , Yang Jinxian , Li Lianwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPost‐polymerization modification (PPM) is one of the most powerful strategy for preparing polymers with functional groups that cannot be synthesized by direct polymerization. So far, numerous experimental efforts have been devoted to the stability issue of monomer structures during the PPM process, but little attention was paid to chemical linkages. However, for hyperbranched polymers, a minor change of linkage unit could lead to a significant influence on the overall stability and performance of polymer materials. In this work, we investigated the chemical stability of long‐subchain hyperbranched polystyrenes with ester, aryl ether, and carbon‐carbon bonds as branching linkages under a few most popular PPM conditions, including NaOH hydrolysis reaction, TFA‐promoted hydrolysis reaction, BBr3‐catalyzed methoxy‐hydroxyl conversion reaction, and LiAlH4 carbonyl reduction reaction. Related results are summarized into a synthetic route map that can provide practical and intuitive guidance for preparing functional long‐subchain hyperbranched polystyrenes and other type of polymers by PPM for future applications.