Femme-chamane entre ‘tsaddik’ et ‘quimboiseuse’ : l’interface anthropoétique dans l’œuvre schwarz-bartienne (cycle antillais / ashkénaze) / Between ‘tsaddik’ and ‘quimboiseuse’: The Anthropoetic Interface in the Schwarz-Bart Novels / Mulher-xamã entre tsaddik e quimboiseuse: a interface antro-poética na obra schwarz-bartiana (ciclo antilhano/asquenazista)
Authors: Gyssels Kathleen 
Published: December 2020

Résumé : Dans les romans d’André (1928-2006) et de Simone Schwarz-Bart (1938), on ne peut passer à côté de la forte imprégnation d’éléments anthropologiques : les rites de la naissance et de la mort, le « baptême » par des noms et surnoms, les élections de figures de guérisseur et de guide spirituel, etc. De surcroît, il frappe qu’une réversibilité se manifeste entre le milieu diasporique noir (antillais) et juif (ashkénaze). L’interface anthropoétique est ici illustrée comme preuve manifeste d’universaux, au-delà des distances socio-culturelles et etho-religieuses. Comme je l’ai montré dans Marrane et Marronne : la coécriture réversible d’André et Simone Schwarz-Bart (GYSSELS, 2014), l’identité marrane ou crypto-juive (au sens de non pratiquant, non religieux, convertie), la réversibilité joue pleinement dans la sphère magico-religieuse de l’une et l’autre communauté diasporique.Mots-clés : anthropoétique; diaspora; Schwarz-Bart; vaudou; hassidisme; réversibilité.; identité marrane, coécriture.Abstract: In the novels of both André (1928-2006) and Simone Schwarz-Bart (1938), the anthropological elements are tantamount: from rites of passage (from birth to death), from the rites of naming to the election of spiritual guide and healer, etc. Moreover, between the Black (Antillean) and Jewish (Ashkenaze) diasporic world, a reversibility is at play. The anthropoetic interface clearly manifests the presence of universal motifs, beyond the socio-cultural and ethno-religious divergences. As I have maintained in Marrane et Marronne: la coécriture réversible d’André et Simone Schwarz-Bart (GYSSELS, 2014), the crypto-Jewish identity (« marrane », in the sense of being a non-religious Jew, a converted Jew) is linked to the practice of marooning in Afro-Caribbean culture in the sense that the latter is equally marked by acculturation and resistance towards European oppression. Reversibility is consequently plainly illustrated through the magico-religious sphere in both diasporic communities.Keywords: anthropoetics; diaspora; Schwarz-Bart; hassidism; reversibility; marrane identity; cowriting.Resumo: Nos romances de André (1928-2006) e Simone Schwarz-Bart (1938), é impossível não notar a forte impregnação de elementos antropológicos: os ritos de nascimento e de morte, o “batismo” para nomes e sobrenomes, as eleições para curandeiros e guias espirituais, etc. Além disso, nota-se um manifesto reversível entre o meio diaspórico negro (antilhano) e judeu (asquenazista). A interface antro-poética é aqui ilustrada como prova evidente de universais ultrapassando, assim, distanciamentos socioculturais e etno-religiosos. Como já mostrei em Marrane et Marronne: la coécriture réversible d’André et Simone Schwarz-Bart (GYSSELS, 2014), na identidade marrane ou criptojudia (no sentido de não praticante, não religiosa, convertida), a reversibilidade atua plenamente na esfera mágico-religiosa e em ambas as comunidades diaspóricas.Palavras-chave: antro-poética; diáspora; Schwarz-Bart; hassidismo; reversibilidade, identidade marrane; co-escritura.