bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic limits: Defining the bounds and trade‐offs of successful energy management in a capital breeder
Authors: Shuert Courtney R. , Halsey Lewis G. , Pomeroy Patrick P. , Twiss Sean D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Judicious management of energy can be invaluable for animal survival and reproductive success. Capital breeding mammals typically transfer energy to their young at extremely high rates while undergoing prolonged fasting, making lactation a tremendously energy demanding period. Effective management of the competing demands of the mother's energy needs and those of her offspring is presumably fundamental to maximizing lifetime reproductive success.

How does the mother maximize her chances of successfully rearing her pup, by ensuring that both her pup and herself have sufficient energy during this ‘energetic fast’? While energy management models were first discussed in the 1990s, application of this analytical technique is still very much in its infancy. Recent work suggests that a broad range of species exhibits ‘energy compensation’; during periods when they expend more energy on activity, their bodies partially compensate by reducing background (basal) metabolic rate as an adaptation to limit overall energy expenditure. However, the value of energy management models in understanding animal ecology is presently unclear.

We investigate whether energy management models provide insights into the breeding strategy of phocid seals. Not only do we expect lactating seals to display energy compensation because of their breeding strategy of high energy transfer while fasting, but we anticipate that mothers exhibiting a lack of energy compensation are less likely to rear offspring successfully.

On the Isle of May in Scotland, we collected heart rate data as a proxy for energy expenditure in 52 known individual grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) mothers, repeatedly across 3 years of breeding. We provide evidence that grey seal mothers typically exhibit energy compensation during lactation by downregulating their background metabolic rate to limit daily energy expenditure during periods when other energy costs are relatively high. However, individuals that fail to energy compensate during the lactation period are more likely to end lactation earlier than expected.

Our study is the first to demonstrate the importance of energy compensation to an animal's reproductive expenditure. Moreover, our multi‐seasonal data indicate that environmental stressors may reduce the capacity of some individuals to follow the energy compensation strategy.
Molecular epidemiology in current times
Authors: Tümmler Burkhard 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMotivated to find options for prevention or intervention, molecular epidemiology aims to identify the host and microbial factors that determine the transmission, manifestation and progression of infectious disease. The genotyping of cultivatable bacterial strains is performed by either anonymous fingerprinting techniques or sequence‐based exploration of variable genomic sites. Multilocus sequence typing of housekeeping genes and allele profiling of the core genome have become standard techniques of bacterial strain typing that may be supplemented by whole genome sequencing to explore all single nucleotide variants and/or the composition of the accessory genome. Next, novel protocols to investigate host and microbiome based upon smart third generation sequencing technologies are being developed for an effective surveillance, rapid diagnosis and real‐time tracking of infectious diseases.
Performingcare: emotion work and ‘dignity work’ – a joint autoethnography of caring for our mum at the end of life
Authors: Wilkinson Samantha , Wilkinson Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we, twin sisters, present a joint autoethnographic account of providing end of life care for our mum who had terminal cancer. Using the theoretical framing of performance from Goffman's theory of Dramaturgy, we present the findings from a joint autoethnography, focusing on two key themes: performing emotion work and performing what we conceptualise as ‘dignity work’. This paper's contributions are twofold. First, conceptually, this paper offers an important contribution to literature concerned with the sociology of illness, by critically engaging with Goffman's notion of frontstage and backstage performance, applied to the context of home care provided by family carers. The second contribution of this paper is methodological; we promote the under‐utilised approach of a joint autoethnography and argue for its usefulness in the context of end of life care. We contend that the process of writing this paper was emotionally challenging, yet arriving at the final paper, which serves as a legacy of our mum, was cathartic. We argue for the usefulness of written diaries as a backstage arena through which other informal carers can think through, and come to terms with, experiences of death and dying.
Early 18F‐FDG PET/CT in COVID‐19
Authors: Cosma Laura , Sollaku Saadi , Frantellizzi Viviana , De Vincentis Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWe report the case of who has been hospitalized complaining about fever in the last 4 days. Laboratory data revealed lymphocytopenia and leucopenia with an elevation of C‐reactive protein and positive real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Six days before this hospitalization, when the patient was asymptomatic, 18F‐FDG PET/CT images were performed for the therapeutic control of liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Lung abnormality findings at 18F‐FDG PET/CT images, unrelated to cancer metastases, but suspicious for viral infection, may suggest the presence of COVID‐19 disease in its early phase before symptoms onset. Since PET/CT is more sensitive than CT scan in detecting host’s reaction, the added value of this technique could be monitoring disease progression and could be used as a biomarker of lung disease activity and therefore as an important tool for a better understanding of the factors that contribute to the progression of lung disease.
Unusual lung involvements of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with chylothorax
Authors: Aoki Ayako , Hara Yu , Okudela Koji , Ishikawa Yoshihiro , Doshita Kosei , Hashimoto Hisashi , Nakashima Kentaro , Horita Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 77‐year‐old man who had a persistent productive cough for one month was admitted to our hospital. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed subpleural nodular opacities, irregular pleural thickening with bilateral basal predominance, and a small right pleural effusion. Aspirated fluid was exudative and had the appearance of chylothorax without malignant cells. Surgical lung biopsy specimen showed focal proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells with lepidic‐predominant pattern and abundant mucus in the alveolar spaces, consistent with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA). The results of PD‐L1 expression and the EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF mutation status analyzed by next generation sequencer were all negative. IMA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subpleural micronodular opacities accompanied by pleural effusion (chylothorax) on chest CT.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyThis case showed subpleural micronodular opacities and chylothorax as unusual chest computed tomography (CT) patterns for invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA).What this study addsInvasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subpleural micronodular opacities accompanied by pleural effusion on chest CT.
Racial Discrimination, Protective Parenting, and Binge Drinking Among Emerging Adult Black Men
Authors: Kogan Steven M. , Bae Dayoung 
Published: September 2020

PurposeRural Black men experience escalating rates of binge drinking during emerging adulthood. We hypothesized that exposure to racial discrimination would predict growth in their binge‐drinking trajectories and that protective parenting, including emotional and instrumental support and high expectations for success, would attenuate the influence of racial discrimination on growth in binge drinking.MethodsHypotheses were tested with 3 waves of data from 505 men (ages 20.3, 21.9, and 23.1) participating in the African American Men’s Project. Conditional and multigroup latent growth curve models (LGCMs) were implemented using Mplus.ResultsLGCM indicated that binge‐drinking frequency increased linearly across time; exposure to racial discrimination at baseline predicted growth in binge drinking (β = 0.19, p < 0.01). Multigroup comparison procedures indicated significant moderation by protective parenting. When protective parenting was high, racial discrimination had no significant influence on rates of young men’s binge drinking (β = 0.01, p = 0.51). In contrast, when protective parenting was low, the influence of discrimination was heightened (β = 0.21, p < 0.01).ConclusionsRacial discrimination is a pernicious stressor that contributes to increases in binge drinking among young Black men. When parents engaged in emotionally and instrumentally supportive parenting, however, racial discrimination had little influence on binge‐drinking trajectories during emerging adulthood. Study findings underscore the importance of the emerging adult transition as a period of vulnerability and suggest directions for targeting alcohol preventive interventions.Implications and ContributionAfter high school, young Black men are exposed to racial discrimination that can increase rates of binge drinking. When young men’s parents were emotionally and instrumentally supportive toward them, however, racial discrimination did not predict increases in binge drinking.
Candidate Supply Is Not a Barrier to Immigrant Representation: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Dancygier Rafaela , Lindgren Karl‐Oskar , Nyman Pär , Vernby Kåre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImmigrants are underrepresented in most democratic parliaments. To explain the immigrant–native representation gap, existing research emphasizes party gatekeepers and structural conditions. But a more complete account must consider the possibility that the representation gap begins at the supply stage. Are immigrants simply less interested in elected office? To test this explanation, we carried out an innovative case–control survey in Sweden. We surveyed elected politicians, candidates for local office, and residents who have not run; stratified these samples by immigrant status; and linked all respondents to local political opportunity structures. We find that differences in political ambition, interest, and efficacy do not help explain immigrants' underrepresentation. Instead, the major hurdles lie in securing a candidate nomination and being placed on an electable list position. We conclude that there is a sufficient supply of potential immigrant candidates, but immigrants' ambition is thwarted by political elites.
Advances and novel developments in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Meng Yifan , Wang Chengshuo , Zhang Luo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is an upper airway disease with high prevalence in the world, and therefore needs to be thoroughly investigated and treated accordingly. Although the mechanisms underlying the pathology and treatment of AR have been widely studied, many aspects of AR are still unclear and warrant further investigations. The purpose of the present review was therefore to report recently published papers, which highlight the novel mechanisms and treatments of AR. These include role of environment, important proteins and cells, and some other factors in the pathogenesis of AR; as well as the role of immunotherapy and biologics in the treatment of AR.
Interleukin 17F gene variations showed no association with BCG osteitis risk after newborn vaccination
Authors: Korppi Matti , Teräsjärvi Johanna , Liehu‐Martiskainen Milla , Barkoff Alex‐Mikael , Lauhkonen Eero , Huhtala Heini , Pöyhönen Laura , Nuolivirta Kirsi , He Qiushui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimInterleukin‐17 (IL‐17) family cytokines promote the host defence against mycobacterial infections. We have previously shown an association between IL17A variations and Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) osteitis. This paper evaluates the association of three IL17F polymorphisms with BCG osteitis after newborn vaccination.MethodsIL17F rs763780, rs11465553 and rs7741835 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied in 132 adults, who presented with BCG osteitis in infancy. The genotypes and minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were compared between cases and Finnish population‐based controls (N = 99) from the 1000 Genomes Project, and MAFs were compared between cases and allele data of Finnish subjects from the large Genome Aggregation Database.ResultsThere were no significant differences between former BCG osteitis patients and population‐based controls in the IL17F rs763780 (wild 84.4% vs 84.8%), rs11465553 (86.4% vs 91.9%) or rs7741835 (65.7% vs 67.7%) genotypes. Homozygous variant genotypes were only present in 1.5%, 0.8% and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Likewise, MAFs of the three IL17F SNPs did not substantially differ from those of 11 252, 11 939 and 1371 Finnish subjects, respectively, from the available Genome Aggregation Database.ConclusionIL17F rs763780, rs11465553 and rs7741835 variations showed no association with the risk of BCG osteitis after newborn vaccination.
Average 2.5‐year neurodevelopmental test results in children born very preterm did not rule out cognitive deficits at 6.5 years of age
Authors: Kaul Ylva F. , Naseh Nima , Strand Brodd Katarina , Böhm Birgitta , Holmström Gerd , Hellström‐Westas Lena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate cognitive outcomes at 6.5 years in children born very preterm, in relation to neonatal characteristics and 2.5‐year neurodevelopment.MethodsA prospective cohort, with gestational age 22.3‐31.9 weeks, born 2004‐2007, were examined at 2.5 years with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley‐III) (n = 100) and at 6.5 years with the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (n = 91).ResultsNeonatal factors independently related to 6.5‐year outcome were gestational age, retinopathy of prematurity and treated persistent ductus arteriosus. The Bayley‐III cognitive scores explained only 44% of the Full‐Scale Intelligence Quotient result at 6.5 years, and 22% of the children had Wechsler index results below −1 SD, indicating cognitive impairment, after average test results at 2.5 years. The relative risk to score below −1 SD on the Full‐Scale IQ was 2.83 (95% CI 1.45‐5.53) in children with gestational age below 28 weeks and 2.22 (95% CI 1.18‐4.17) at gestational age 28‐31 weeks.ConclusionVery preterm infants born in the 2000s had increased risks for impaired cognition at 6.5 years, but individual predictions based on neonatal risks and 2.5‐year test results were not enough to identify all high‐risk children.
Exhaustion of tumour‐infiltrating T‐cell receptor repertoire diversity is an age‐dependent indicator of immunological fitness independently predictive of clinical outcome in Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Rieken Johannes , Bernard Veronica , Witte Hanno M. , Peter Wolfgang , Merz Hartmut , Olschewski Vito , Hertel Lars , Lehnert Hendrik , Biersack Harald , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Feller Alfred C. , Gebauer Niklas 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B‐cell‐malignancy derived from germinal‐centre B‐cells. Curative therapy traditionally requires intensive immunochemotherapy. Recently, immuno‐oncological approaches, modulating the T‐cell tumour response, were approved for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. The architecture of the tumour‐infiltrating T‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in BL remains insufficiently characterized. We therefore performed a large‐scale, next‐generation sequencing study of the complimentary‐determining region (CDR)‐3 region of the TCRβ chain repertoire in a large cohort of all epidemiological subtypes of BL (n = 82) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 34). Molecular data were subsequently assessed for correlation with clinical outcome. Our investigations revealed an age‐dependent immunoprofile in BL as in DLBCL. Moreover, we found several public clonotypes in numerous patients suggestive of shared tumour neoantigen selection exclusive to BL and distinct from DLBCL regardless of Epstein–Barr virus and/or human immunodeficiency virus status. Compared with baseline, longitudinal analysis unveiled significant repertoire restrictions upon relapse (P = 0·0437) while productive TCR repertoire clonality proved to be a useful indicator of both overall and progression‐free‐survival [OS: P = 0·0001; hazard ratio (HR): 6·220; confidence interval (CI): 2·263–11·78; PFS: P = 0·0025; HR: 3·086; CI: 1·555–7·030]. Multivariate analysis confirmed its independence from established prognosticators, including age at diagnosis and comorbidities. Our findings establish the clinical relevance of the architecture and clonality of the TCR repertoire and its age‐determined dynamics in BL.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in 80 patients diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma during pregnancy: results from the International Network of Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy
Authors: Maggen Charlotte , Dierickx Daan , Cardonick Elyce , Mhallem Gziri Mina , Cabrera‐Garcia Alvaro , Shmakov Roman G. , Avivi Irit , Masturzo Bianca , Duvekot Johannes J. , Ottevanger Petronella B. , O’Laughlin Andie , Polushkina Evgeniya , Van Calsteren Kristel , Woei‐A‐Jin F.J. Sherida H. , Amant Frédéric ,   for the International Network on Cancer Infertility Pregnancy (INCIP)
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis cohort study of the International Network on Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy (INCIP) reports the maternal and neonatal outcomes of 80 pregnant patients diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) between 1986 and 2019, focussing on 57 (71%) patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Of all 80 patients, 54 (68%) pregnant patients received chemotherapy; mostly (89%) CHOP‐like (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) regimens. Four early pregnancies were terminated. Among 76 ongoing pregnancies, there was one stillbirth (1·3%). Overall, there was a high incidence of small for gestational age neonates (39%), preterm delivery (52%), obstetric (41%) and neonatal complications (12·5%), and this could not exclusively be explained by the receipt of antenatal chemotherapy. Half of preterm deliveries (46%) were planned in order to tailor oncological treatment. The 3‐year progression‐free and overall survival for patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab‐CHOP was 83·4% and 95·7% for limited stage (n = 29) and 60·6% and 73·3% for advanced stage (n = 15). Of 36 pregnant patients who received rituximab, five (13%) cases with neonatal complications and three (8%) with maternal infections were reported. In conclusion, standard treatment for DLBCL can be offered to pregnant patients in obstetric centres that cater for high‐risk patients.
Rewilding and gazetting the Iberá National Park: Using an asset approach to evaluate project success
Authors: Pettersson Hanna Louise , de Carvalho Sergio Henrique Collaço 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rising demand for natural resources increases the pressure on conservationists to justify the protection and restoration of biodiversity. However, the benefits of protected wild spaces to people are not always evident. In this study, we analyzed a rewilding and national park project in the Iberá Wetlands. We deployed the Protected Area Asset Framework to analyze how investments made by an international NGO in local products, resources and relationships developed new value‐generating practices in the area. We also studied the resulting impact on local stakeholders' perceptions of the project. The results indicate that the NGO's investments have enhanced Iberá's perceived value, also of its less tangible assets such as its aesthetic beauty and cultural significance. This has generated a gradual shift in attitudes from widespread apprehension to increased local support for the new national park. The study contends that gaining local acceptance for protected areas may be facilitated by illuminating their diverse social, cultural and economic potential. The Asset Framework can be used to reveal values that emerge out of society's interaction with nature and help managers develop new and engaging narratives for conservation projects. The lessons provided by the Iberá project can inform management of protected areas in Argentina and elsewhere.
Strategic adaptive management planning—Restoring a desert ecosystem by managing introduced species and native herbivores and reintroducing mammals
Authors: Kingsford Richard T. , West Rebecca S. , Pedler Reece D. , Keith David A. , Moseby Katherine E. , Read John L. , Letnic Mike , Leggett Keith E. A. , Ryall Sharon R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArid rangelands are degraded worldwide, suffering vegetation transformation, soil erosion, introductions, and extinctions. Wild deserts is restoring a desert ecosystem in Sturt National Park, New South Wales, Australia (35,000 ha), eradicating or controlling introduced animals, managing native herbivores, and reintroducing regionally extinct mammals. We describe a Strategic Adaptive Management Plan for restoration of this desert ecosystem, including a vision, model of ecosystem processes, stakeholder input, a hierarchy of objectives linked to triggers and their management actions, producing outcomes and outputs. Our management treatments included two “no restoration” areas and three “restoration” areas. The latter include two exclosures (each 2,000 ha), free of introduced animals (foxes, cats, rabbits), with previously abundant kangaroos removed and regionally extinct mammals to be reintroduced. The third management treatment is a Wild Training Zone (10,400 ha), with introduced animals and kangaroos managed at low levels, using innovative methods, improving survivorship and avoidance behavior of reintroduced mammals to introduced predators. These measures will allow populations of threatened animals to establish, initially in the exclosures, then the Wild Training Zone and potentially more widely. Our strategic adaptive management planning approach is generic and implementable for any natural resource management project, providing explicit steps and processes that track and report transparently on outcomes, fostering learning by doing.