bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association analysis between CYP24A1 genetic polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in Chinese Han population
Authors: Yang Wei , Ma Fenghui , Wang Li , He Xue , Zhang Hengxun , Zheng Jianwen , Wang Yuhe , Jin Tianbo , Yuan Dongya , He Yongjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsStroke is a complicated neurological disease and the second leading cause of death in the world. We aimed to investigate the association between CYP24A1 genetic polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk.MethodsIn this case–control study, four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP24A1 were selected and genotyped by MassARRAY platform in Chinese Han population. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated via logistic regression analysis with adjustment in genetic models.ResultsOur results indicated that CYP24A1 variant (rs1570669) was associated with the decreased risk of ischemic stroke (OR = 0.60, p < .001). Stratification analysis showed that the rs6068816 could enhance the ischemic stroke risk by 1.64 times (OR = 1.64, p = .028), while rs1570669 played protective role (OR = 0.63, p = .044) in age >64 years. The rs2762934 had an increased ischemic stroke susceptibility (OR = 1.62, p = .033); however, rs1570669 might reduce stroke risk (OR = 0.61, p = .015) in age ≤64 years. The rs1570669 depressed ischemic stroke susceptibility both in female and male patients (OR = 0.46, p = .002; OR = 0.69, p = .033, respectively), and rs2296241 would weaken the risk in male (OR = 0.63, p = .012). The rs1570669 was associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke with hypertension (OR = 0.56, p = .042).ConclusionOur study gave the evidences that CYP24A1 genetic polymorphisms were significantly associated with ischemic stroke patients, which would provide useful information of assessment or possible diagnostic markers for ischemic stroke.
Noncovalent Spin‐Labeling of DNA and RNA Triplexes
Authors: Kamble Nilesh , Wolfrum Manpreet , Halbritter Thomas , Sigurdsson Snorri T. , Richert Clemens 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudying nucleic acids often requires labeling. Many labeling approaches require covalent bonds between the nucleic acid and the label, which complicates experimental procedures. Noncovalent labeling avoids the need for highly specific reagents and reaction conditions, and the effort of purifying bioconjugates. Among the least invasive techniques for studying biomacromolecules are NMR and EPR. Here, we report noncovalent labeling of DNA and RNA triplexes with spin labels that are nucleobase derivatives. Spectroscopic signals indicating strong binding were detected in EPR experiments in the cold, and filtration assays showed micromolar dissociation constants for complexes between a guanine‐derived label and triplex motifs containing a single‐nucleotide gap in the oligopurine strand. The advantages and challenges of noncovalent labeling via this approach that complements techniques relying on covalent links are discussed.
A comparison of methods to determine patent foramen ovale size
Authors: Kumar Preetham , Rusheen Joshua , Tobis Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of clinical conditions such as cryptogenic stroke and migraine with aura. This study evaluated the challenges of sizing a PFO with different contemporary imaging modalities and assessed the relationship between PFO size and severity of the right‐to‐left shunt (RLS).MethodsPatients who were referred to interventional cardiology with the diagnosis of a PFO and had undergone intra‐procedural balloon sizing (n = 147), transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) imaging (n = 67), or intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE) imaging (n = 73) at the time of workup were included in this study. TEE and ICE were used to obtain PFO length and height during normal respiration. A sizing balloon was used to obtain PFO width and height after the septum primum was opened with balloon inflation.ResultsThe mean PFO length measured by TEE and ICE differed significantly (n = 27, 13.0 ± 4.1 vs. 9.9 ± 3.2 mm, p = .001). The mean PFO height measured by TEE and ICE (n = 27, 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.7 ± 0.6 mm, p = .04), TEE and sizing balloon (n = 56, 1.5 ± 1.2 vs. 10.5 ± 4.2 mm, p < .0001), and ICE and sizing balloon (n = 66, 1.7 ± 0.7 vs. 9.1 ± 3.7 mm, p < .0001) also differed significantly. A poor correlation existed between anatomic PFO length or height and functional Spencer TCD grade RLS flow with Valsalva, irrespective of the imaging modality used.ConclusionsThe determination of a PFO size is dependent on the imaging modality used. Sizing balloon demonstrates a larger width or height than ultrasound imaging methods, such as TEE and ICE, because a PFO remains closed most of the time, leading the echocardiogram to underestimate the potential PFO size. Additionally, PFO length and height correlate poorly with the functional RLS grade. These findings imply that ultrasound‐based size characterization should not be used to determine whether a PFO should be closed.
Towards Preparative Chemoenzymatic Oxidative Decarboxylation of Glutamic Acid
Authors: Xu Xiaomin , But Andrada , Wever Ron , Hollmann Frank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe chemoenzymatic oxidative decarboxylation of glutamic acid to the corresponding nitrile using the vanadium chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO) as HOBr generation catalysts has been investigated. Product inhibition was identified as major limitation. Nevertheless, 1630000 turnovers and kcat of 75 s−1 were achieved using 100 mM glutamate. The semi‐preparative enzymatic oxidative decarboxylation of glutamate was also demonstrated.
Using Peanut Shells to Construct a Porous MnO/C Composite Material with Highly Improved Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Zhan Dan , Wen Tao , Li Yuqi , Zhu Yuqing , Liu Ke , Cui Ping , Jia Zhiyong , Liu Huajun , Lei Kelin , Xiao Zuoan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRational utilization of biomass waste in creating new clean energy such as lithium‐ion batteries is conducive to alleviating the energy crisis and boosting environmental protection. Herein, using peanut shells as the carbon source, a MnO/C composite material was successfully prepared through an eco‐environmental and facile approach based on hydrothermal treatment and pyrolysis. The resultant MnO/C composite material demonstrated a hierarchical porous structure and MnO particles with irregular morphology were embedded in the pores. When used in a lithium‐ion battery, the material exhibited much better lithium storage properties than those for pristine MnO and peanut shell‐derived carbon. In 0.0–3.0 V, the composite material can supply an initial specific capacity of 1169.5 mA h g−1, with a capacity retention ratio of 84.9 % after 200 electrochemical cycles. Even at 2400 mA g−1, the material can still offer a discharge capacity of 532.3 mA h g−1, manifesting an outstanding rate performance. The enhanced lithium storage properties of the composite material are attributed to the support of the porous carbon matrix derived from peanut shells, which are not only conducive to improving conductivity but also capable of buffering the volume expansion/shrinkage caused by lithiation/delithiation during charge/discharge processes.
Metal Organic Framework Nanorod Doped Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Decreased Crystallinity for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zheng , You Jin‐Hai , Zhang Shao‐Jian , Wang Chuan‐Wei , Zhou Yao , Li Jun‐Tao , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), an important solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) for solid‐state lithium batteries, suffers from low ionic conductivity and poor electrochemical stability; many inorganic solid compounds have been explored as fillers to address these issues. Herein, we report that Al‐metal organic framework (MOF) nanorods could work as efficient solid fillers to boost the electrochemical performance of PEO‐based SPEs. The addition of MOF nanorods was found to inhibit the crystallization of PEO and effectively weaken the interactions among the PEO chains, resulting in evidently enhanced ionic conductivity and improved electrochemical stability; moreover, when embedded in PEO, such Al‐MOF nanorods are microporous and micrometer long, which are expected to favor the transportation of Li+ over the significantly more bulky anions TFSI−. Compared with pure PEO SPE, our optimal sample PEO‐MOF5% SPE has higher ion conductivity (2.09×10−5 S/cm at 30 °C and 7.11×10−4 S/cm 60 °C), a larger lithium‐ion transference number (0.46) and an enlarged electrochemical window (4.7 V versus Li/Li+). Accordingly, the cell of LiFePO4/PEO‐MOF5%/Li shows excellent cycle performance and rate performance. Our work proved the advantages of MOF particles as solid fillers towards high‐performance PEO‐based SPE, and we also put emphasis on the shape effect of the solid fillers on the lithium‐ion transference number and, thus, the electrochemical performance of the resulting SPE.
Decision‐making regarding primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators among older adults
Authors: Hess Paul L. , Matlock Daniel D. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are implanted for the purpose of primary prevention of sudden cardiac death among older patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Shared decision‐making prior to device implantation is guideline‐recommended and payer‐mandated. This article summarizes patient and provider attitudes toward device placement, device efficacy and effectiveness, potential periprocedural complications, long‐term events such as shocks, quality of life, costs, and shared decision‐making principles and recommendations. Most patients eligible for an ICD anticipate more than 10 years of survival. Physicians are less likely to offer an ICD to patients ≥80 years of age given a perceived lack of benefit. There is a dearth of data from randomized clinical trials addressing device efficacy among older patients; there is a need for more research in this area. However, currently available data support the use of ICDs irrespective of age provided life expectancy exceeds 1 year. Advanced age is independently associated with complications at the time of device placement but not the risk of device infection. The risk of inappropriate shock may be comparable or lower than that of younger patients. While quality of life is generally not adversely impacted by an ICD, a subset of patients experience post‐traumatic stress disorder. ICDs are cost‐effective from societal and health care sector perspectives; however, out‐of‐pocket costs vary according to insurance type and level. Shared decision‐making encounters may be incremental and iterative in nature. Providers are encouraged to partner with their patients, providing them counsel tailored to their values, preferences, and clinical presentation inclusive of age.
Ultrasound Accelerated Oxidation of Organic Dyes by a Micron‐Sized Copper/Peroxomonosulfate System
Authors: Liu Chaorong , Zhang Jing , Wang Qingguo , Zhou Peng , Hu Sikui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExperiments on the degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) using micron‐sized zero‐valent copper (ZVC) are conducted in acidic aqueous solution under ultrasonic (US) irradiation. The US/ZVC/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process for AO7 degradation is significantly better than that of an independent system. Based on the characterization of ZVC, it is observed that the corrosion speed of ZVC increases after ultrasound, owing to which a greater amount of Cu+ (0–3.03 mg L−1) and Cu2+ are produced. Exposure to US irradiation increases the available surface area of the catalysts to generate many new reactive sites for the degradation process. The AO7 degradation rate after the addition of a new copper reagent—neocuproine hemihydrate—from 6.33% to 100% proved that Cu+ is the main activator of PMS. Results indicated that free radicals (OH• and SO4−•) act as activators of PMS in the process. And higher ultrasound power, lower solution pH, and a larger ZVC dose are favorable for AO7 removal.
A self‐stabilizing distributed algorithm for the local (1,|Ni|)‐critical section problem
Authors: Kamei Sayaka , Kakugawa Hirotsugu 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWe consider the local (1,|Ni|)‐critical section (CS) problem where Ni is the set of neighboring processes for each process Pi. It dynamically maintains two disjoint dominating sets and is one of the generalizations of the mutual exclusion problem. The problem is one of controlling the system in such a way that, for each process, among its neighbors and itself, at least one process must be in the CS and at least one process must be out of the CS at each time. That is, in the system G=(V,E), there are always two disjoint dominating sets A1(⊂V) and A2(=V\A1) and each process alternates between its rule A1 and A2 infinitely. It is useful for sleep scheduling or cluster head scheduling in sensor networks. In this paper, first, we show the necessary and sufficient conditions to solve the problem without any deadlock detection. To discuss the conditions, we consider an inefficient (costly) self‐stabilizing algorithm for the local (1,|Ni|)‐CS problem. After that, an efficient self‐stabilizing algorithm for the local (1,|Ni|)‐CS problem is proposed under an additional assumption that the graph does not have a special matching, which we call unpreventable colorable maximal matching. The convergence time of the proposed algorithm is O(n) rounds under the weakly fair distributed daemon.
Room Temperature Phosphorescent (RTP) N‐Acetylphenothiazines
Authors: Sarkar Tanmay Kumar , Sarkar Samir Kumar , Thilagar Pakkirisamy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein we disclose a series of purely organic molecules (1–4) with a donor‐acceptor architecture (phenothiazine donor (D) and the acyl acceptor (A)) exhibiting room temperature dual phosphorescence (RTDP) characteristics. Detailed computational and photophysical studies revealed that the dual RTP bands with different wavelengths and lifetimes in these compounds originate from excited triplet states of different energies. In particular, the electronic nature of the substituent on the acceptor acyl unit has a significant effect on the energy of the ICT state, hybridization of excited states, as well as the rate of intersystem crossing. Compound 1 with an electron‐deficient CF3−CO acceptor moiety exhibit RTDP in the longer wavelength region. In contrast, compounds 2, 3 and 4 with weaker acceptors (2; CH3−CO, 3; CH3−CH2−CO and 4; (CH3)2−CH−CO) exhibit RTDP in a shorter wavelength region.
Effects of Li Confined Motion on NMR Quadrupolar Interactions: A Combined 7Li NMR and DFT‐MD Study of LiR2(PO4)3 (R=Ti or Zr) Phases
Authors: Diez‐Gómez Virginia , de Andres Pedro L. , Sanz Jesús 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAb initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and NMR GIPAW (gauge including projector augmented wave) calculations have been used to analyze the coordination and mobility of Li ions in LiTi2(PO4)3 (rhombohedral), LiZr2(PO4)3 (triclinic), and LiZr2(PO4)3 (rhombohedral) phases. Significant discrepancies are observed between static calculations of 7Li quadrupolar parameters and experimental values. The dynamical origin of this disagreement is demonstrated by incorporating in the calculations thermal vibrations and local motion of atoms with MD simulations. For LiTi2(PO4)3, the quadrupolar constant associated with Li ions grows with temperature because the local symmetry of the system decreases, whereas for the Zr phases, the quadrupolar constant decreases because thermal vibrations reduce the anisotropy of the interaction. Finally, for both Zr phases, MD yields Li distributions that compare well with disorder reported from diffraction studies.
Oceanographic drivers of winter habitat use in Cassin’s Auklets
Authors: Johns Michael E. , Warzybok Pete , Jahncke Jaime , Lindberg Mark , Breed Greg A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReduced prey abundance and severe weather can lead to a greater risk of mortality for seabirds during the non‐breeding winter months. Resource patterns in some regions are shifting and becoming more variable in relation to past conditions, potentially further impacting survival and carryover to the breeding season. As animal tracking technologies and methods to analyze movement data have advanced, it has become increasingly feasible to draw fine‐scale inference about how environmental variation affects foraging behavior and habitat use of seabirds during this critical period. Here, we used archival light‐sensing tags to evaluate how interannual variation in oceanography affected the winter distribution of Cassin's Auklets from Southeast Farallon Island, California. Thirty‐five out of 93 geolocators deployed from 2015 to 2017 were recovered and successfully recorded light‐level data, from which geographic positions were estimated. Step‐selection functions were applied to identify environmental covariates that best explained winter movement decisions and habitat use, revealing Cassin's Auklets dispersed farther from the colony during a winter with warmSSTanomalies, but remained more centralized near the breeding colony during two average winters. Movement patterns were driven by avoidance of areas with higher sea surface temperatures and possible limits of dispersal from the breeding colony, and selection for areas with well‐defined mesoscale fronts and cooler surface waters. Through multiple years of tagging and the application of step‐selection functions, a robust and widely applied approach for analyzing animal movement in terrestrial species, we show how interannual differences in the movement patterns of a small seabird are driven by oceanographic variability across years. Understanding the winter habitat use of seabirds can help inform changes in population structure and measures of reproductive success, aiding managers in determining potential causes of breeding failures.
A giant mystery in giant cell myocarditis: navigating diagnosis, immunosuppression, and mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Fallon Julianne M. , Parker Alex M. , Dunn Steven P. , Kennedy Jamie L.W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGiant cell myocarditis is a rare but often devastating diagnosis. Advances in cardiac imaging and mechanical circulatory support have led to earlier and more frequent diagnoses and successful management. This disease state has wide variation in acuity of presentation, and consequently, optimal treatment ranging from intensity and type of immunosuppression to mechanical circulatory support is not well defined. The following case describes the management of a patient with an unusual presentation of giant cell myocarditis over a 10 year course of advanced heart failure therapies and immunomodulatory support. This case highlights emerging concepts in the management of giant cell myocarditis including sub‐acute presentations, challenges in diagnosis, and treatment modalities in the modern era.
A two‐stage approach to shunt capacitor‐based optimal reactive power compensation using loss sensitivity factor and cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Olabode Olakunle E. , Okakwu Ignatius K. , Alayande Akintunde S. , Ajewole Titus O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReactive power compensation on radial distribution systems is a challenging issue. Electric power distribution systems are being bedeviled by high active power loss and severe voltage violation especially on the buses that are far from distribution substations. This article presents a two‐stage approach for sizing shunt capacitors and identifying the locations where their placement would be most beneficial within radial distribution systems. A multiobjective function capturing real power loss minimization and bus voltage profile enhancement was formulated and weighted approach was engaged to transform the function into single objective one. While backward forward sweep approach was used for the load flow analysis, loss sensitivity factor was employed to predetermine suitable sites for capacitor installation, with the optimal sites and sizes determined using cuckoo search algorithm. This approach was implemented on IEEE 15‐bus and Yale 17‐bus/11 kV feeder. Results obtained using the method was thereafter compared with those obtained through other methods as obtained from literature and the comparison shows that cuckoo search algorithm outsmarts others. Significant reduction in real power loss, coupled with appreciable enhancement in voltage profile, is achieved on the Yale 17‐bus/11 kV feeder. The approach is therefore viable for addressing reactive power compensation problems confronting practical radial distribution systems.
Superpixel Raman spectroscopy for rapid skin cancer margin assessment
Authors: Feng Xu , Fox Matthew C. , Reichenberg Jason S. , Lopes Fabiana C.P.S. , Sebastian Katherine R. , Dunn Andrew K. , Markey Mia K. , Tunnell James W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpontaneous Raman micro‐spectroscopy has been demonstrated great potential in delineating tumor margins; however, it is limited by slow acquisition speed. We describe a superpixel acquisition approach that can expedite acquisition between ~×100 and ×10 000, as compared to point‐by‐point scanning by trading off spatial resolution. We present the first demonstration of superpixel acquisition on rapid discrimination of basal cell carcinoma tumor from eight patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery. Results have been demonstrated high discriminant power for tumor vs normal skin based on the biochemical differences between nucleus, collagen, keratin and ceramide. We further perform raster‐scanned superpixel Raman imaging on positive and negative margin samples. Our results indicate superpixel acquisition can facilitate the use of Raman microspectroscopy as a rapid and specific tool for tumor margin assessment.
Production of osteogenic and angiogenic factors by microencapsulated adipose stem cells varies with culture conditions
Authors: Leslie Shirae K. , Cohen David Joshua , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrowth factors produced by stem cells aid in the bone repair process. We investigated the ability of encapsulated rat adipose‐derived stem cells (rASCs) treated with osteogenic media (OM) to produce growth factors, and determined the optimal combination of OM components that will lead to the production of both osteogenic and angiogenic factors. Our results demonstrate that microencapsulated stem cells were able to produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor‐2, and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) necessary for bone regeneration. OM led to the reduction of angiogenic factors; however, the removal of dexamethasone restored angiogenic factor production. Additionally, we determined whether the effect of dexamethasone on VEGF and BMP2 varied among rat, rabbit, mouse, and humans. Dexamethasone led to a reduction in VEGF levels in ASCs derived from rats, mice, and humans, while this reduction was absent in rabbit ASCs (rbASCs). Human ASCs (hASCs) from donors of different race and sex showed a similar response to dexamethasone with secreted VEGF levels. BMP2 levels secreted by rbASCs, mouse ASCs (mASCs), and hASCs were independent of the media treatments, while rASCs responded differently in the surrounding media and within the microbeads. In conclusion, microencapsulated ASCs can be treated to produce osteogenic and angiogenic factors for tissue regeneration applications, but outcomes may vary with culture conditions.