bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirror‐Image 5S Ribonucleoprotein Complexes
Authors: Ling Jun‐Jie , Fan Chuyao , Qin Hong , Wang Min , Chen Ji , Wittung‐Stafshede Pernilla , Zhu Ting F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAfter realizing mirror‐image genetic replication, transcription, and reverse transcription, the biggest challenge in establishing a mirror‐image version of the central dogma is to build a mirror‐image ribosome‐based translation machine. Here, we chemically synthesized the natural and mirror‐image versions of three ribosomal proteins (L5, L18, and L25) in the large subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome with post‐translational modifications. We show that the synthetic mirror‐image proteins can fold in vitro despite limited efficiency and assemble with enzymatically transcribed mirror‐image 5S ribosomal RNA into ribonucleoprotein complexes. In addition, the RNA–protein interactions are chiral‐specific in that the mirror‐image ribosomal proteins do not bind with natural 5S ribosomal RNA and vice versa. The synthesis and assembly of mirror‐image 5S ribonucleoprotein complexes are important steps towards building a functional mirror‐image ribosome.
Tetraiododiborane(4) (B2I4) is a Polymer Based on sp3 Boron in the Solid State
Authors: Muessig Jonas H. , Lisinetskaya Polina , Dewhurst Rian D. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Thaler Melanie , Mitrić Roland , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein we present the first solid‐state structures of tetraiododiborane(4) (B2I4), which was long believed to exist in all phases as discrete molecules with planar, tricoordinate boron atoms, like the lighter tetrahalodiboranes(4) B2F4, B2Cl4, and B2Br4. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state NMR, and IR measurements indicate that B2I4 in fact exists as two different polymeric forms in the solid state, both of which feature boron atoms in tetrahedral environments. DFT calculations are used to simulate the IR spectra of the solution and solid‐state structures, and these are compared with the experimental spectra.
Prognostic analysis of postoperative clinically nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Shao Yanxiang , Xiong Sanchao , Sun Guangxi , Dou Weichao , Hu Xu , Yang Weixiao , Lia Thongher , Deng Shi , Wei Qiang , Zeng Hao , Li Xiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the survival characteristics of postoperative nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients, and the predictive value of a prognostic model.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated data from 1202 postoperative nonmetastatic RCC patients who were treated between 1999 and 2012 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). In addition, we also evaluated data relating to 53 205 cases acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Survival analysis was performed on the cases, and subgroups, using the Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression methods. The concordance index of the Stage Size Grade Necrosis (SSIGN), Leibovich, and the UCLA integrated staging system, scores was determined to evaluate the accuracy of these outcome prediction models.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival rate for RCC cases in West China Hospital was 87.6%; this was higher than that observed for SEER cases. Survival analysis identified several factors that exerted significant influence over prognosis, including the time of surgery, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor stage, size, nuclear differentiation, pathological subtypes, along with necrotic and sarcomatoid differentiation. Moreover tumor stage, size, and nuclear grade were all identified as independent predictors for both our cases and those from the SEER program. Patient groups with advanced RCC, and poorly differentiated RCC subgroups, were both determined to have a poor prognosis. The SSIGN model yielded the best predictive value as a prognostic model, followed by the Leibovich, and UCLA integrated staging system; this was the case for our patients, and for sub‐groups with a poor prognosis.ConclusionThe prognosis of RCC was mostly influenced by tumor stage, size, and nuclear differentiation. SSIGN may represent the most suitable prognostic model for the Chinese population.
Laser‐Ablation‐Produced Cobalt Nickel Phosphate with High‐Valence Nickel Ions as an Active Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Sun Xuechun , Wang Jiaqi , Yin Yuehui , Wang Haibin , Li Shuang , Liu Hui , Mao Jing , Du Xiwen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCost‐effective, highly efficient and stable non‐noble metal‐based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are very crucial for energy storage and conversion. Here, an amorphous cobalt nickel phosphate (CoNiPO4), containing a considerable amount of high‐valence Ni3+ species as an efficient electrocatalyst for OER in alkaline solution, is reported. The catalyst was converted from Co‐doped Ni2P through pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) and exhibits a large specific surface area of 162.5 m2 g−1 and a low overpotential of 238 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 46 mV dec−1, which is much lower than those of commercial RuO2 and IrO2. This work demonstrates that PLAL is a powerful technology for generating amorphous CoNiPO4 with high‐valence Ni3+, thus paving a new way towards highly effective OER catalysts.
Concurring Chalcogen‐ and Halogen‐Bonding Interactions in Supramolecular Polymers for Crystal Engineering Applications
Authors: Biot Nicolas , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe engineering of crystalline molecular solids through the simultaneous combination of distinctive non‐covalent interactions is an important field of research, as it could allow chemist to prepare materials depicting multi‐responsive properties. It is in this context that, pushed by a will to expand the chemical space of chalcogen‐bonding interactions, a concept is put forward for which chalcogen‐ and halogen‐bonding interactions can be used simultaneously to engineer multicomponent co‐crystals. Through the rational design of crystallizable molecules, chalcogenazolo pyridine scaffold (CGP) modules were prepared that, bearing either a halogen‐bond acceptor or donor at the 2‐position, can interact with suitable complementary molecular modules undergoing formation of supramolecular polymers at the solid state. The recognition reliability of the CGP moiety to form chalcogen‐bonded dimers allows the formation of heteromolecular supramolecular polymers through halogen‐bonding interactions, as confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Cancer‐Cell‐Specific Drug Delivery by a Tumor‐Homing CPP‐Gossypol Conjugate Employing a Tracelessly Cleavable Linker
Authors: Maity Suman Kumar , Stahl Paul , Hensel Astrid , Knauer Shirley , Hirschhäuser Christoph , Schmuck Carsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTumor‐targeted drug delivery is highly important for improving chemotherapy, as it reduces the dose of cytotoxic agents and minimizes the death of healthy tissues. Towards this goal, a conjugate was synthesized of gossypol and a MCF‐7 cancer cell specific CPP (cell penetrating peptide), thus providing a selective drug delivery system. Utilizing the aldehyde moiety of gossypol, the tumor homing CPP RLYMRYYSPTTRRYG was attached through a semi‐labile imine linker, which was cleaved in a traceless fashion under aqueous conditions and had a half‐life of approximately 10 hours. The conjugate killed MCF‐7 cells to a significantly greater extent than HeLa cells or healthy fibroblasts.
Synthesis of Giant π‐Extended Molecular Macrocyclic Rings as Finite Models of Carbon Nanotubes Displaying Enriched Size‐Dependent Physical Properties
Authors: Jia Hongxing , Zhuang Guilin , Huang Qiang , Wang Jinyi , Wu Yayu , Cui Shengsheng , Yang Shangfeng , Du Pingwu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBottom‐up synthesis of π‐extended macrocyclic carbon rings is promising for constructing length‐ and diameter‐specific carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, it is still a great challenge to realize size‐controllable giant carbon macrocycles. Herein, a tunable synthesis of curved nanographene‐based giant π‐extended macrocyclic rings (CHBC[n]s; n=8, 6, 4), as finite models of armchair CNTs, is reported. Among them, CHBC[8] contains 336 all‐carbon atoms and is the largest cyclic conjugated molecular CNT segment ever reported. CHBC[n]s were systematically characterized by various spectroscopic methods and applied in photoelectrochemical cells for the first time. This revealed that the proton chemical shifts, fluorescence, and electronic and photoelectrical properties of CHBC[n]s are highly dependent on the macrocycle diameter. The tunable bottom‐up synthesis of giant macrocyclic rings could pave the way towards large π‐extended diameter‐ and chirality‐specific CNT segments.
Universal Algorithm for Simulating and Evaluating Cyclic Voltammetry at Macroporous Electrodes by Considering Random Arrays of Microelectrodes
Authors: Tichter Tim , Schneider Jonathan , Andrae Dirk , Gebhard Marcus , Roth Christina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn algorithm for the simulation and evaluation of cyclic voltammetry (CV) at macroporous electrodes such as felts, foams, and layered structures is presented. By considering 1D, 2D, and 3D arrays of electrode sheets, cylindrical microelectrodes, hollow‐cylindrical microelectrodes, and hollow‐spherical microelectrodes the internal diffusion domains of the macroporous structures are approximated. A universal algorithm providing the time‐dependent surface concentrations of the electrochemically active species, required for simulating cyclic voltammetry responses of the individual planar, cylindrical, and spherical microelectrodes, is presented as well. An essential ingredient of the algorithm, which is based on Laplace integral transformation techniques, is the use of a modified Talbot contour for the inverse Laplace transformation. It is demonstrated that first‐order homogeneous chemical kinetics preceding and/or following the electrochemical reaction and electrochemically active species with non‐equal diffusion coefficients can be included in all diffusion models as well. The proposed theory is supported by experimental data acquired for a reference reaction, the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− at platinum electrodes as well as for a technically relevant reaction, the oxidation of VO2+ at carbon felt electrodes. Based on our calculation strategy, we provide a powerful open source tool for simulating and evaluating CV data implemented into a Python graphical user interface (GUI).
Ternary Hybrid Aerogels of g‐C3N4/α‐Fe2O3 on a 3D Graphene Network: An Efficient and Recyclable Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst
Authors: Kim Chansol , Cho Kyeong Min , Park Kangho , Kim Kyoung Hwan , Gereige Issam , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA Z‐scheme graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4)/α‐Fe2O3 has been incorporated into a three‐dimensional porous graphene aerogel. Graphene aerogels are a promising framework in their use for practical photocatalysis by abundant reaction sites, efficient mass transport of reactants and recyclability through their free‐standing framework. At the same time, Z‐scheme charge transfer among g‐C3N4, α‐Fe2O3, and conductive graphene inhibits the rapid recombination of the photoinduced electrons and holes. Ternary g‐C3N4/α‐Fe2O3/graphene aerogels (CNFGA) showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity which demonstrated 4.75 times greater methylene blue degradation and 17.5 times higher photocurrent density than those of exfoliated g‐C3N4 under visible light. In addition, CNFGA exhibited a robust photostability with a simple recovery method while showing only a ca. 2 % decrease in photocatalytic performance after five cycles. These results suggest that this ternary Z‐scheme photocatalyst based on a graphene aerogel has potential use in practical photocatalysis for various environmental applications.
Surgical revascularization and reconstruction procedures in diabetic foot ulceration
Authors: Houlind Kim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article summarizes surgical procedures for preservation of the foot in diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease. Distal bypass surgery performed to perigeniculate arteries and to an isolated ‘blind’ popliteal segment with visible collaterals can be performed with limb salvage rates close to what can be achieved with standard bypass to crural arteries. This is also the case when performing bypass to the dorsalis pedis artery. Bypass to the medial or lateral plantar artery or to the lateral tarsal artery is associated with a relatively high rate of early occlusion, but in the patients who have persistently open grafts, limb salvage is common. The use of an arteriovenous fistula as an adjunct to distal bypass surgery does not improve prognosis. Venous arterialization, either creating retrograde perfusion of the superficial or of the deep veins of the foot has been successful in several cases although it is difficult to predict which patients will benefit. Reconstructive surgery is often performed in a multidisciplinary team including plastic surgeons. In patients with need of more extensive cover of defects, the transplant of muscular or fasciocutaneous free flaps has provided good results in the few centres that have applied this technique. This procedure can be combined with a revascularization in the same session or at a later stage. A majority of the described techniques can be implemented in most vascular centres and they should be considered in complicated cases when standard methods of revascularization and reconstruction do not suffice.
Attention allocation to illness‐compatible information discriminates women with active versus weight‐recovered anorexia nervosa
Authors: Giel Katrin E. , Conzelmann Annette , Renner Tobias J. , Richter Tabea , Martin Benito Sebastian , Zipfel Stephan , Schag Kathrin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveBiased attention for disorder‐relevant information plays a crucial role in the maintenance of different mental disorders including eating disorders and might be of use to define recovery beyond symptom‐related criteria.MethodWe assessed attention deployment using eye tracking in a cued choice viewing paradigm to two different categories of disorder‐relevant stimuli in 24 individuals with acute anorexia nervosa (AN), 20 weight‐recovered individuals with a history of AN (WRAN) and 23 healthy control participants (CG). Picture pairs consisted of a food stimulus or a picture depicting physical activity and a matched control stimulus (household item/physical inactivity). Participants rated the valence of stimuli afterwards.ResultsThe groups did not differ in initial attention deployment. In later processing stages, AN patients showed a generalized attentional avoidance of food and control pictures as compared to CG, while WRAN individuals were in between. AN patients showed an attentional bias toward physical activity pictures as compared to WRAN individuals, but not the CG. AN individuals rated the food pictures and the pictures showing physical inactivity as less pleasant than the CG, while WRAN individuals were in between.DiscussionAttention deployment is partly changed in WRAN as compared to the acute AN group, especially with regard to a shift away from illness‐compatible stimuli (physical activity), and this might be a useful recovery criterion. Valence rating of food stimuli might be an additional useful tool to distinguish between acutely ill and weight‐recovered individuals. Attentional biases for illness‐compatible stimuli might qualify as a valuable approach to defining recovery in AN.
Assessing the growth and climate sensitivity of secondary forests in highly deforested Amazonian landscapes
Authors: Elias Fernando , Ferreira Joice , Lennox Gareth D. , Berenguer Erika , Ferreira Socorro , Schwartz Gustavo , Melo Lia de Oliveira , Reis Júnior Denilson N. , Nascimento Rodrigo O. , Ferreira Fabrício Nascimento , Espirito‐Santo Fernando , Smith Charlotte C. , Barlow Jos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTropical forests hold 30% of Earth’s terrestrial carbon and at least 60% of its terrestrial biodiversity, but forest loss and degradation are jeopardizing these ecosystems. Although the regrowth of secondary forests has the potential to offset some of the losses of carbon and biodiversity, it remains unclear if secondary regeneration will be affected by climate changes such as higher temperatures and more frequent extreme droughts. We used a data set of 10 repeated forest inventories spanning two decades (1999–2017) to investigate carbon and tree species recovery and how climate and landscape context influence carbon dynamics in an older secondary forest located in one of the oldest post‐Columbian agricultural frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon. Carbon accumulation averaged 1.08 Mg·ha−1·yr−1, and species richness was effectively constant over the studied period. Moreover, we provide evidence that secondary forests are vulnerable to drought stress: Carbon balance and growth rates were lower in drier periods. This contrasts with drought responses in primary forests, where changes in carbon dynamics are driven by increased stem mortality. These results highlight an important climate change–vegetation feedback, whereby the increasing dry‐season lengths being observed across parts of Amazonia may reduce the effectiveness of secondary forests in sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change. In addition, the current rate of forest regrowth in this region was low compared with previous pan‐tropical and Amazonian assessments—our secondary forests reached just 41.1% of the average carbon and 56% of the tree diversity in the nearest primary forests—suggesting that these areas are unlikely to return to their original levels on politically meaningful time scales.
Functional losses in ground spider communities due to habitat structure degradation under tropical land‐use change
Authors: Potapov Anton M. , Dupérré Nadine , Jochum Malte , Dreczko Kerstin , Klarner Bernhard , Barnes Andrew D. , Krashevska Valentyna , Rembold Katja , Kreft Holger , Brose Ulrich , Widyastuti Rahayu , Harms Danilo , Scheu Stefan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeforestation and land‐use change in tropical regions result in habitat loss and extinction of species that are unable to adapt to the conditions in agricultural landscapes. If the associated loss of functional diversity is not compensated by species colonizing the converted habitats, extinctions might be followed by a reduction or loss of ecosystem functions including biological control. To date, little is known about how land‐use change in the tropics alters the functional diversity of invertebrate predators and which key environmental factors may mitigate the decline in functional diversity and predation in litter and soil communities. We applied litter sieving and heat extraction to study ground spider communities and assessed structural characteristics of vegetation and parameters of litter in rainforest and agricultural land‐use systems (jungle rubber, rubber, and oil palm monocultures) in a Southeast Asian hotspot of rainforest conversion: Sumatra, Indonesia. We found that (1) spider density, species richness, functional diversity, and community predation (energy flux to spiders) were reduced by 57–98% from rainforest to oil palm monoculture; (2) jungle rubber and rubber monoculture sustained relatively high diversity and predation in ground spiders, but small cryptic spider species strongly declined; (3) high species turnover compensated losses of some functional trait combinations, but did not compensate for the overall loss of functional diversity and predation per unit area; (4) spider diversity was related to habitat structure such as amount of litter, understory density, and understory height, while spider predation was better explained by plant diversity. Management practices that increase habitat‐structural complexity and plant diversity such as mulching, reduced weeding, and intercropping monocultures with other plants may contribute to maintaining functional diversity of and predation services provided by ground invertebrate communities in plantations.
Overexpression of GILZ in macrophages limits systemic inflammation while increasing bacterial clearance in sepsis in mice
Authors: Ellouze Mehdi , Vigouroux Lola , Tcherakian Colas , Woerther Paul‐Louis , Guguin Aurélie , Robert Olivier , Surenaud Mathieu , Tran Thi , Calmette Joseph , Barbin Thomas , Perlemuter Gabriel , Cassard Anne‐Marie , Launay Pierre , Maxime Virginie , Annane Djillali , Levy Yves , Godot Véronique 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStudies support the beneficial effects of glucocorticoids (GCs) during septic shock, steering research toward the potential role of GC‐induced proteins in controlling excessive inflammatory responses. GILZ is a glucocorticoid‐induced protein involved in the anti‐inflammatory effects of GCs. We investigated whether the overexpression of GILZ specifically limited to monocytes and macrophages (M/M) alone could control inflammation, thus improving the outcome of septic shock in animal models. We also monitored the expression of GILZ in M/M from septic mice and septic‐shock patients. M/M from patients and septic mice displayed significantly lower expression of GILZ than those isolated from controls. Furthermore, transgenic mice (Tg‐mice) experiencing sepsis, with increased expression of GILZ restricted to M/M, showed lower frequencies of inflammatory monocytes than their littermates and lower plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Tg‐mice also had lower blood bacterial counts. We further established that the upregulation of GILZ in M/M enhanced their phagocytic capacity in in vivo assays. The increase of GILZ in M/M was also sufficient to improve the survival rates of septic mice. These results provide evidence for a central role of both GILZ and M/M in the pathophysiology of septic shock and a possible clue for the modulation of inflammation in this disease.
Seismic fragility assessment of nonstructural components in unreinforced clay brick masonry buildings
Authors: Derakhshan Hossein , Walsh Kevin Q. , Ingham Jason M. , Griffith Michael C. , Thambiratnam David P. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe results of an investigation of the probability of earthquake damage to nonstructural unreinforced masonry (URM) components are presented. The components include parapets, chimneys, and out‐of‐plane loaded facades typical of low‐rise pre‐1940 construction in Australia and New Zealand. The study is based on a street survey of component geometry, in situ data on material strength, and simplified mechanical models. Uncertainties in capacity and demand were quantified based on, respectively, stochastic and deterministic approaches. The damage probabilities were compared with relevant guidelines and empirical damage data from three earthquakes. The study established a link between the qualitative damage states reported in existing guidelines and the quantitative URM component damage states. While some median damage state thresholds correlated well with the data from the guidelines, a larger dispersion value was found in the current study due to the large variations in component properties. Comparisons with empirical data suggest that the developed fragility data provide a realistic estimate of nonstructural component damage that occurred in similar buildings, with a reasonable level of conservatism. The outcome is useful in rapid assessment of the seismic risks due to nonstructural component collapse in URM precincts.