bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns
Authors: Cevidanes Aitor , Cataldo Sophia Di , Martín Catalina Muñoz-San , Hernández Claudia , Latrofa Maria Stefania , Cattan Pedro , Otranto Domenico , Millán Javier 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprises a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential “hidden” hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more pathogens.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: This study represents the first report of Leishmania sp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or protected wild carnivores.
Effect of Wet Curing and Hot Climate on Strength and Durability of SCC with Natural Pozzolan
Authors: Guettaf Youcef , Kenai Said , Khatib Jamal , Yahiaoui Walid 
Published: February 2020

Aims:
The aim of this study is to discuss the performance of SCC with natural
pozzolana under hot climate conditions.

Background:
The performance of vibrated concrete under hot climate is well investigated.
However, the effect of hot climate on SCC is tittle investigated. North African and Middle
Eastern countries are subjected to hot and dry environments especially during summer periods.
Hence there is a need to investigate the performance of SCC under hot climate.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of water curing duration followed
by natural hot climate exposure on the performance of SCC with Natural Pozzolan
(NP).

Methods:
It is an experimental investigation where Concrete specimens were exposed to a
standard curing environment (relative humidity RH = 100% and Temperature T°= 20°C ± 2°C)
for 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, followed by a second cure in a hot environment in open air on
a laboratory terrace in North Africa area during summer time with a temperature of 35°C to
45°C and a relative humidity of 65% to 75%. The cement was substituted by NP in weigh at
three substitution levels (0%, 15% and 25%).

Results:
The experimental results show the importance of the wet curing in hot climate, especially
when NP is used. Substituting cement by NP improves the self-compacting concrete
durability for the long term.

Conclusion:
The substitution of cement by natural pozzolan reduced water permeability and
capillary absorption. The hot climate has no negative effect on the evolution of the mechanical
strength and durability of the SCC with natural pozzolan when undergoing a long initial
wet cure.
PROTOTYPE SISTEM MONITORING TEMPERATUR MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO R3 DENGAN KOMUNIKASI WIRELESS
Authors: Simbar Ritha Sandra Veronika , Syahrin Alfi 
Published: February 2020

Pada saat sekarang ini, pada mesin UST yang berada di pabrik PT.Krakatau Posco Suhu yang diperbolehkan dilakukan pengujian UST berdasarka SOP adalah 400C. Untuk ini perlu di lakukan pengecekan suhu produk agar tidak terjadi pengulangan line-on karena plate panas (>40). Pengecekan temperatur masih dilakukan secara manual setiap 1 jam sekali. Pengecekan manual ini dirasa memberatkan operator UST jika terjadi load production (produksi banyak). Untuk itu perlu dibuat sebuah sistem monitoring yang bisa mempermudah pekerjaan operator UST. Alat yang dirancang dan dibuat berupa sebuah sistem monitoring suhu plate baja dengan menggunakan sensor MLX90614 yang merupakan sensor inframerah. Data suhu akan di proses oleh Arduino dan di kirimka ke arduino yang lain dengan bantuan modul RF 433Mhz. Data suhu akan ditampilkan di LCD 16x2.Pengujian langsung ke produk telah dilakukan , dan terdapat data yang tidak linier. Untuk memastikan lagi, dilakukan pengujian menggunakan bantuan termogan sebagai pembanding. Hasil yang didapat sudah linier walau masih terdapat selisih pembacaan suhu antara alat dan termogun sekitar 2,580C
Tabaco e Equipamento de Proteção Individual na Colheita. A Compreensão dos Agricultores Familiares no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Bacelo Corrêa Ana Luiza , Duarte Canever Mario , Souza Cotrim Décio 
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a compreensão dos agricultores que produzem tabaco no sul do Brasil acerca da utilização do equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) na colheita do tabaco. Associado ao manuseio do fumo verde há um risco da intoxicação por nicotina, conhecida como doença da folha verde do tabaco – DFVT, a qual poderia ser evitada com a utilização de EPI. Pouco se conhece das práticas, das adaptações e do entendimento que os agricultores fazem do EPI de colheita. Via a utilização da perspectiva orientada aos atores (POA) e com o suporte de múltiplos estudos de casos verificou-se a hipótese de que os agricultores embora reconheçam a necessidade do uso do EPI, usam práticas/estratégias diferenciais baseadas em suas vivências para lidar com a possibilidade de intoxicação pela nicotina. Os resultados confirmam que os produtores conhecem o EPI, a DFVT e as relações entre as duas. Contudo, possuem esparsas informações sobre a limpeza do EPI e pouco se protegem no manuseio das folhas nas estufas, especialmente pela ocorrência de uma nova forma de intoxicação, nominada por eles como “bafo do fumo quente”. Finalmente, o artigo reflete as adaptações e inovações fundamentadas nas experiências dos agricultores (capacidade de agência) que ao mesmo tempo não seguem as recomendações oficiais, trazem indagações sobre o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e processos para qualificar a vida destes agricultores.
Long-term monitoring of a winter bat assemblage revealed large fluctuations and trends in species abundance
Authors: Bernard Rafał , Jaros Radosław , Samoląg Juliusz , Kosicki Jakub Z. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Monitoring studies in Strzaliny, one of the greatest hibernacula in Poland, comprised 31 annual bat censuses (1989–2019). The abundance peaked in 2002 for Myotis myotis, 2009 for Myotis nattereri and 2008 for the whole assemblage. Comparison of the maximum abundance in the monitoring period with that from 1980 to 1982 showed an almost fourfold increase for the whole assemblage, tenfold increase for M. nattereri and fourfold increase for M. myotis.
In 1989–2019, the numbers of M. myotis, M. nattereri, Myotis daubentonii and Plecotus auritus were fluctuating, but most of the recorded changes could not be explained by methodological problems or a direct human impact. Therefore, the cumulative results largely reflected the real trends in the species abundance. A long-term upward trend in the whole bat assemblage was recognisable, but with a stable or slightly decreasing phase in the last decade. An upward trend in M. nattereri was even stronger and has only slightly flattened recently. In M. myotis, the trend was clearly upwards up to the early 2000s, but weakly downwards in the following years. In M. daubentonii and P. auritus, no significant trend was determined. In strongly fluctuating M. daubentonii, the numbers were mostly moderate or high, and even increasing, up to 2008 and only moderate or low in the following years. In P. auritus, an increase occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s, and then, after the stochastic human-induced drop in 1994, its abundance remained relatively stable.
The population trends in Strzaliny largely reflected the general trends assessed for a large part of Europe. This suggests that the general population trends may be recognisable even in one large winter assemblage if it is reliably and consistently monitored through a long period. In this context, the hibernaculum in Strzaliny appeared to be a model object for such studies.
The Pinochet Judgement: New Accountability for Old Dictators
Authors: Murphy Sarah L 
Published: February 2020

This article analyses the groundbreaking 1999 judgment of the House of Lords on the question of the extradition of Pinochet from the United Kingdom to Spain for crimes committed during his time as Head of State of Chile. It examines the two main components of the judgment: that Pinochet's status as former Head of State of Chile did not allow him to benefit from sovereign immunity for acts of torture committed during his reignÍ¾ and that he could be extradited to Spain for acts of torture committed after 1989, when the United Kingdom codified its obligations under the Torture Convention. It supports the conclusion that the laws against torture override the immunity of former Heads of State, and suggests that the reasoning could be extended to apply to other crimes against humanity, and where the accused is an incumbent Head of State. On the question of extradition, it argues that the Law Lords had several avenues open under which Pinochet could have been extradited to face all counts of torture. It concludes with an analysis of the New Zealand legislation and case law on sovereign immunity, the prosecution of crimes against humanity, and extradition, and suggests several law reforms to bring New Zealand legislation in line with evolving international obligations to prosecute or extradite the perpetrators of crimes against humanity.
UNCITRAL Receivables Convention: The Possibility for Trans-Tasman Harmonisation
Authors: McKinnon Malcolm 
Published: February 2020

This paper examines the UNCITRAL Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade as it affects New Zealand. The focus of the paper is on the potential effect of the Convention on New Zealand's relationship with Australia. The law in the two countries is very different especially since the passing of New Zealand's Personal Property Securities Act 1999, which is, the author concludes, highly compatible with the UNCITRAL Receivables Convention. The paper considers two sample transactions to illustrate the effects of the Convention in a trans-Tasman context. It concludes that where the Convention (if it enters into force in New Zealand and Australia) applies, there are relatively few complications. Where it does not apply, however, parties to trans-Tasman receivables transactions face complicated applicable law arguments and general uncertainty.
Profissionalização Policial-Militar e a judicialização da gestão pública no Brasil: qual a escolaridade necessária para ser um profissional de segurança?
Authors: Silva João Batista 
Published: February 2020

Este artigo surge da necessidade/urgência de se lançar luzes acerca da profissionalização dos operadores de segurança pública no BRASIL e, em especial, o policial-militar, a partir de uma análise dos aspectos técnico-profissionais que envolvem a seleção e a formação policial e também acerca de quais parâmetros educacionais-formativos devem ser estabelecidos para alcance/manutenção do status de instituição profissionalizada. O texto original teve por objetivo contraditar uma ação impetrada pelo Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Norte, que alegou inconstitucionalidade na Lei Complementar nº 613/2018, por instituir a obrigatoriedade da escolaridade de nível superior para ingresso na Polícia Militar daquele estado. De cunho bibliográfico, baseia-se, teoricamente, na Sociologia das profissões e seus desdobramentos nas pesquisas sobre o processo de profissionalização das instituições policiais.
Palavras-chave: Segurança Pública. Profissionalização. Judicialização. PMRN.
Penyuluhan Pentingnya Minat Kewirausahaan Dalam Membentuk Karakter Mandiri Siswa Smk Insan Mulia dan SMP Azzuhriyah Kota Bekasi
Authors: Vernia Dellia Mila , Suprapto Hugo Aries , Supandi Agus 
Published: February 2020

Rendahnya minat berwirausaha lulusan untuk merebut peluang pasar kerja lebih dominan dialami oleh siswa siswa SMK. Tingkat pengangguran tamatan SMK mencapai 25%. Kondisi ini merupakan tantangan dalam pendidikan. Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) memang disiapkan untuk menghasilkan tenaga kerja yang memang sudah siap terjun dalam dunia kerja. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat untuk memberikan wawasan dan meningkatkan minat berwirausaha pada SMK mengetahui tentang kewirausahaan. Penerapan jiwa aplikasi wirausaha ini bagi siswa SMK masih dirasa sulit, karena pendidikan yang mereka tempuh kadang secara mental mereka belum siap untuk masuk ke dunia wirausaha. Dalam mengembangkan jiwa wirausaha ini diperlukan minat yang tinggi. Minat siswa yang mantap dalam berwirausaha akan mendorong siswa tersebut untuk berani dalam berwirausaha, karena dengan minat ini siswa merasa mempunyai kekuatan dan kemampuan yang menghantarkannya menjadi wirausaha yang sukses. Namun di sisi lain, jika siswa itu tidak mempunyai minat untuk berwirausaha, maka siswa itu akan takut untuk mengembangkan keterampilannya dan tidak bisa akan menjadi wirausaha yang sukses. Dalam mengembangkan jiwa wirausaha di siswa SMK, tidak hanya pendidikan keterampilan yang dibutuhkan faktor lain yang tidak kalah menarik adalah pengenalan materi tentang kewirausahaan yang memang sangat dibutuhkan oleh siswa SMK.
A snapshot reflection on a preschool in Florence, Italy
Authors: Richards Delia Robinson 
Published: February 2020

The author visited, observed and interviewed the director of 2-5-year-old classrooms in a school located in the city of Florence, Italy. Scuola dell’onfanzia is a Cambridge International . Cambridge International School has global standards for its programs. These standards are created by academic rigor and reflect the latest academic requirements. The Cambridge Pathway leads seamlessly from primary through secondary and pre-university years. The Cambridge schools can shape the curriculum around how they want students to learn (https://www.cambridgeinternational.org).
This paper is reflecting on the Early Childhood practices that were observed in the school. The children were divided in the classrooms according to their age. The child to teacher ratio is 11 to 2. Further, in each classroom, there are two teachers, one who speaks English and the other who speaks Italian.
Surgeon and staff radiation exposure in minimally invasive spinal surgery: prospective series using a personal dosimeter
Authors: Godzik Jakub , Mastorakos George M. , Nayar Gautam , Hunter William D. , Tumialán Luis M. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEThe level of radiation awareness by surgeons and residents in spinal surgery does not match the ubiquity of fluoroscopy in operating rooms in the United States. The present method of monitoring radiation exposure may contribute to the current deficiency in radiation awareness. Current dosimeters involve a considerable lag from the time that the surgical team is exposed to radiation to the time that they are provided with that exposure data. The objective of the current study was to assess the feasibility of monitoring radiation exposure in operating room personnel during lateral transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) procedures by using a wearable personal device with real-time feedback.METHODSOperating room staff participating in minimally invasive surgical procedures under a single surgeon during a 6-month period were prospectively enrolled in this study. All radiation dose exposures were recorded for each member of the surgical team (surgeon, assistant surgeon, scrub nurse, and circulating nurse) using a personal dosimeter (DoseAware). Radiation doses were recorded in microsieverts (μSv). Comparisons between groups were made using ANOVA with the Tukey post hoc test and Student t-test.RESULTSThirty-nine patients underwent interbody fusions: 25 underwent LLIF procedures (14 LLIF alone, 11 LLIF with percutaneous screw placement [PSP]) and 14 underwent MI-TLIF. For each operative scenario per spinal level, the surgeon experienced significantly higher (p < 0.035) average radiation exposure (LLIF: 167.9 μSv, LLIF+PSP: 424.2 μSv, MI-TLIF: 397.9 μSv) than other members of the team, followed by the assistant surgeon (LLIF: 149.7 μSv, LLIF+PSP: 242.3 μSv, MI-TLIF: 274.9 μSv). The scrub nurse (LLIF: 15.4 μSv, LLIF+PSP: 125.7 μSv, MI-TLIF: 183.0 μSv) and circulating nurse (LLIF: 1.2 μSv, LLIF+PSP: 9.2 μSv, MI-TLIF: 102.3 μSv) experienced significantly lower exposures. Radiation exposure was not correlated with the patient’s body mass index (p ≥ 0.233); however, it was positively correlated with increasing patient age (p ≤ 0.004).CONCLUSIONSReal-time monitoring of radiation exposure is currently feasible and shortens the time between exposure and the availability of information regarding that exposure. A shortened feedback loop that offers more reliable and immediate data would conceivably raise the level of concern for radiation exposure in spinal surgeries and could alter patterns of behavior, leading to decreased exposures. Further studies are ongoing to determine the effect of real-time dosimetry in spinal surgery.
Socioeconomic patient benefits of a pediatric neurosurgery telemedicine clinic
Authors: Hayward Kelsey , Han Sabrina H. , Simko Alexander , James Hector E. , Aldana Philipp R. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to examine the socioeconomic benefits to the patients and families attending a regional pediatric neurosurgery telemedicine clinic (PNTMC).METHODSA PNTMC was organized by the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery of the University of Florida College of Medicine–Jacksonville based at Wolfson Children’s Hospital and by the Children’s Medical Services (CMS) to service the Southeast Georgia Health District. Monthly clinics are held with the CMS nursing personnel at the remote location. A retrospective review of the clinic population was performed, socioeconomic data were extracted, and cost savings were calculated.RESULTSClinic visits from August 2011 through January 2017 were reviewed. Fifty-five patients were seen in a total of 268 initial and follow-up PNTMC appointments. The average round-trip distance for a family from home to the University of Florida Pediatric Neurosurgery (Jacksonville) clinic location versus the PNTMC remote location was 190 versus 56 miles, respectively. The families saved an average of 2.5 hours of travel time and 134 miles of travel distance per visit. The average transportation cost savings for all visits per family and for all families was $180 and $9711, respectively. The average lost work cost savings for all visits per family and for all families was $43 and $2337, respectively. The combined transportation and work cost savings for all visits totaled $223 per family and $12,048 for all families. Average savings of $0.68/mile and $48.50/visit in utilizing the PNTMC were calculated.CONCLUSIONSManaging pediatric neurosurgery patients and their families via telemedicine is feasible and saves families substantial travel time, travel cost, and time away from work.
Parental involvement in decision making about intracranial pressure monitor placement in children with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Marsh Rebekah , Matlock Daniel D. , Maertens Julie A. , Rutebemberwa Alleluiah , Morris Megan A. , Hankinson Todd C. , Bennett Tellen D. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVELittle is known about how parents of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) participate or feel they should participate in decision making regarding placing an intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor. The objective of this study was to identify the perspectives and decisional or information needs of parents whose child sustained a TBI and may require an ICP monitor.METHODSThis was a qualitative study at one US level I pediatric trauma center. The authors conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with 1) parents of critically injured children who have sustained a TBI and 2) clinicians who regularly care for children with TBI.RESULTSThe authors interviewed 10 parents of 7 children (60% were mothers and 80% were white) and 28 clinicians (17 ICU clinicians and 11 surgeons). Overall, the authors found concordance between and among parents and clinicians about parental involvement in ICP monitor decision making. Parents and clinicians agreed that decision making about ICP monitoring in children who have suffered TBI is not and should not be shared between the parents and clinicians. The concordance was represented in 3 emergent themes. Parents wanted transparency, communication, and information (theme 2), but the life-threatening context of this decision (theme 1) created an environment where all involved reflected a clear preference for paternalism (theme 3).CONCLUSIONSThe clear and concordant preference for clinician paternalistic decision making coupled with the parents’ needs to be informed suggests that a decision support tool for this decision should be clinician facing and should emphasize transparency in collaborative decision making between clinicians.