bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of treatment with eluxadoline on abdominal pain in patients with IBS‐D: Additional post hoc analyses of Phase 3 trials
Authors: Lembo Anthony J. , Covington Paul S. , Dove Leonard S. , Andrae David A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecurring abdominal pain is a characteristic and often unpredictable and debilitating symptom of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS‐D). Measuring the effects of IBS‐D treatments on abdominal pain remains a significant challenge in clinical trials. Here, we aimed to examine the effect of eluxadoline through various post hoc analyses.MethodsData from two eluxadoline Phase 3 trials were pooled over 26 weeks, comparing eluxadoline 100 mg twice daily to placebo. Worst abdominal pain (WAP) was measured daily on a 0‐10 scale. WAP responder criteria were prospectively defined as a ≥30% improvement in daily WAP score on ≥50% of days. Pairwise, two‐sided Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel tests assessed treatment effects. Cumulative distribution functions were used to plot WAP response rates using variations on the response criteria.Key resultsOf 1615 patients with IBS‐D (66% female, mean age 46 years), 806 received eluxadoline and 809 received placebo; 48.3% and 44.0% were WAP responders (≥30% improvement), respectively (P value not significant). When the response threshold was increased to 50% daily WAP improvement from baseline, a significantly greater percentage of eluxadoline‐treated patients versus placebo‐treated patients were WAP responders (38.7% vs 32.5%, respectively; P = .009). At Week 26, average WAP changes from baseline were −3.4 and −3.0 points, respectively (P = .002).Conclusions and InferencesDespite small effect sizes, eluxadoline demonstrated consistent and sustained improvement in WAP compared to placebo across a range of prospective and post hoc analyses. Assessing WAP response across a range of measures is important for fully understanding a treatment's efficacy.
Maize mesocotyl: Role in response to stress and deep‐sowing tolerance
Authors: Niu Liangjie , Hao Ruiqi , Wu Xiaolin , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and is a model organism among cereal crops. Abiotic and biotic stresses are often present simultaneously and severely influence maize production, causing great yield losses worldwide. Therefore, the selection and cultivation of stress‐tolerant maize lines that adapt to various stresses is instrumental in addressing the problem of yield losses caused by stress. The maize mesocotyl is the crucial organ that pushes shoots out of deep water or soil after seed germination. It has a simple anatomy and exhibits rapid growth in the dark. In this article, we reviewed the studies on the elongation of the maize mesocotyl and the actions of phytohormones, especially under deep‐sowing conditions, and emphasized the role of the maize mesocotyl in response to environmental stress and deep‐sowing tolerance. We propose that the maize mesocotyl can serve as a selection organ for evaluating stress tolerance at the early seedling stage. We also identify future research fields that need further investigation in studies of the maize mesocotyl.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by wound closure tape in a pediatric patient
Authors: Tam Idy , Yu JiaDe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWound care products are emerging as causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). There are increasing reports of ACD to certain medical adhesives; however, there are no published reports of contact sensitization solely due to wound closure tape such as Steri‐Strips™. Herein, we present the first confirmed case of ACD in a child caused by wound closure tape.
Cardiac vagal control mediates the relation between past depression and blood pressure several years later among young adults
Authors: Yang Xiao , Daches Shimrit , Yaroslavsky Ilya , George Charles J. , Kovacs Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDepression has been associated with high blood pressure (BP). However, the mechanisms of the relation between depression and high BP are unclear. We therefore examined whether impaired cardiac vagal control, indexed as low levels of resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), serves as a route from depression to high BP. The sample included 125 subjects with histories of depression (probands), 123 never depressed siblings of probands (high‐risk siblings), and 156 controls. Resting RSA was assessed at Time 1 (T1) along with BP when subjects were adolescents (Mage = 16.3 years); systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) were measured again at Time 2 (T2) when subjects were young adults (Mage = 22.3 years). Linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine the group differences in resting RSA and T2 BP outcomes and to test for RSA mediation of the relation between depression (history or being at high risk) and BP. Resting RSA was lower among probands than controls but was similar among high‐risk siblings and controls, while the subject groups did not differ in T2 SBP or DBP. Controlling for T1 BP, depression history indirectly affected T2 DBP (but not SBP) through resting RSA. The findings suggest that, although the direct detrimental effects of depression on BP are not yet evident in young adulthood, among those with depression histories, impaired cardiac vagal control appears to serve as a mechanism of elevated DBP.
p53 inhibits the proliferation of male germline stem cells from dairy goat cultured on poly‐L‐lysine
Authors: Zhu Haijing , Zheng Liming , Wang Long , Tang Furong , Arisha Ahmed H. , Zhou Hongchao , Hua Jinlian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMale germline stem cells (mGSCs) can transmit genetic materials to the next generation and dedifferentiate into pluripotent stem cells. However, in livestock, mGSC lines are difficult to establish, because of the factors that affect their isolation and culture. The extracellular matrix serves as a substrate for attachment and affects the fate of these stem cells. Poly‐L‐lysine (PL), an extracellular matrix of choice, inhibits and/or kills cancer cells, and promotes the attachment of stem cells in culture. However, how it affects the characteristics and potentials of these stem cells in culture needs to be elucidated. Here, we isolated, enriched and cultured dairy goat mGSCs on five types of extracellular matrices. To explore the best extracellular matrix to use for culturing them, the characteristics and proliferation ability of the cells were determined. Results showed that the cells shared several characteristics with previously reported mGSCs, including the poor effect of PL on their proliferative and colony‐forming abilities. Further examination showed upregulation of p53 expression in these cells, which could be inhibiting their proliferation. When a p53 inhibitor was included in the culture medium, it was confirmed to be responsible for the inhibition of proliferation in mGSCs. Optimal concentration of the inhibitor in the culture of these cells was 5 µM. Furthermore, addition of the p53 inhibitor increased the expression of the markers of self‐renewal and cell cycle in goat mGSCs. In summary, suppressing p53 is beneficial for the proliferation of dairy goat mGSCs, cultured on PL.
Quantifying the Association Between Discrete Event Time Series with Applications to Digital Forensics
Authors: Galbraith Christopher , Smyth Padhraic , Stern Hal S. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWe consider the problem of quantifying the degree of association between pairs of discrete event time series, with potential applications in forensic and cybersecurity settings. We focus in particular on the case where two associated event series exhibit temporal clustering such that the occurrence of one type of event at a particular time increases the likelihood that an event of the other type will also occur nearby in time. We pursue a non-parametric approach to the problem and investigate various score functions to quantify association, including characteristics of marked point processes and summary statistics of interevent times. Two techniques are proposed for assessing the significance of the measured degree of association: a population-based approach to calculating score-based likelihood ratios when a sample from a relevant population is available, and a resampling approach to computing coincidental match probabilities when only a single pair of event series is available. The methods are applied to simulated data and to two real world data sets consisting of logs of computer activity and achieve accurate results across all data sets.
Longitudinal changes on the quality of life in caregivers of type 2 diabetes amputee patients
Authors: Costa Maria Suely Alves , Machado José C. , Pereira M. Graça 
Published: January 2020

PurposeTo explore changes in the quality of life of caregivers of amputees due to type 2 diabetes ten months after amputation.MethodsThis is a longitudinal study with three moments of evaluation (T1: one month after surgery, T2: 7 months, T3: 10 months). The sample comprised 110, 101, and 84 caregivers of amputated patients with type 2 diabetes. Caregivers answered a Socio‐demographic questionnaire; the Self‐Assessment Caregiver; the Family Disruption from Illness Scale; and the Short Form Health Survey (SF36).ResultsStress levels were not significantly reflected in changes on mental quality of life over time, except in the caregivers who presented less stress, emphasizing the adverse role of stress when experienced on a continuous basis for ten months on the caregivers' mental well‐being. Caregivers presented greater number of physical symptoms at T2 that decreased at T3.ConclusionsAccording to the results, in order to promote caregivers’ physical and mental quality of life, it would be important to evaluate stress levels especially in patients who presented somatic complaints.
The Meaning of “One Person, One Vote” or Let Us Split the Baby in Half: Evenwel v. Abbott
Authors: Flores Henry 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis article evaluates Evenwel v. Abbott to determine how and why the U.S. Supreme Court reached the decision it did in determining whether the appropriate database for a state to utilize in redistricting is the total population count or the American Community Survey's five‐year estimates. At the core of the decision was whether apportionment was based on participation or representation, voters or total population.MethodA qualitative analysis of plaintiff and defendant arguments and the district court's and U.S. Supreme Court's decisions. Additionally, a discussion of the accuracy of the American Community Survey's five‐year estimate is presented.ConclusionThe final decision was a decisive unanimous decision where the Court concluded, citing historical, constitutional precedence and traditional redistricting practices, that total population generated by the U.S. Census Bureau every decade was to be used as the base data for redistricting. The Supreme Court definitively stated that apportionment and redistricting were designed as representational mechanisms for all persons counted by the Bureau of the Census and not simply voters.
Industrial research and development and real exchange rate depreciation in a small open economy
Authors: Tabrizy Saleh S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo examine how changes in relative national prices affect innovation input, this paper studies the impact of changes in industry‐specific effective real exchange rates on industrial R&D expenditures in Korea. In particular, it explores the heterogeneous responses of industries with different export intensities. Employing dynamic panel data estimation techniques, the results suggest that among industries with medium levels of export intensity a lagged depreciation in industry‐specific effective real exchange rate leads to a decline in contemporaneous industry‐level R&D expenditures. However, this adverse effect is insignificant for industries that either mostly serve the domestic markets or that are heavily engaged in foreign markets.
Xenotransplantation literature update, November/December 2019
Authors: Thomas Adwin , Hawthorne Wayne J. , Burlak Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ever‐increasing disparity between the lack of organ donors and patients on the transplant waiting list is increasing worldwide. For the past several decades xenotransplantation has led the way to correct this deficit and remains clearly the only feasible option to provide a means to meet the demand for patients in need of an organ transplant. Xenotransplantation’s ability to provide a specifically designed unlimited supply of organs, suited to treat the various needs for transplant organs and cells, has recently been championed by successful pre‐clinical trials that have run long‐term in non‐human primate studies.In this review we show how these improvements have come about due to long‐term dedicated research and recent advances in biomedical engineering technology, such as genome editing tools including zinc finger nucleases, TALEN, and CRISPER/Cas9 which have paved the way for significant breakthroughs in improving xenograft outcomes through genetic modifications to the donor source pig. Other novel approaches include the development of decellularized porcine tissue, such as corneas which can now be transplanted into patients with the minimal need for immunosuppression or other side effects. Further genetic variants of the porcine genome are also now being optimized to abrogate rejection.The emergence of new modalities such as; mesenchymal stem cells, donor thymic vascularization, in vivo bioreactors, chemokine and cytokine therapies have come to show improvements in xenograft outcomes. Furthermore, new studies confirm the safety status of using porcine xenografts, verifying that with current technologies and approaches, the issue of PERV transmission is a moot point. These breakthroughs and technological advancements push the reality of xenotransplantation one step closer to the clinic.
Entre milagros, espíritus y esoterismo: pensamiento mágico y pseudociencia en el Chile globalizado del siglo XXI
Authors: Rodríguez Garcés Carlos René , Valenzuela Orrego Mónica 
Published: January 2020

Paralelo a la racionalidad que sustenta la ciencia y la tecnología, persiste un conjunto de creencias infundadas entre la ciudadanía, las que usualmente omiten criterios científicos para dar explicación a fenómenos aparentemente sobrenaturales. Haciendo uso de los datos de la primera Encuesta nacional de percepción social de la ciencia y la tecnología (EPSCYT) aplicada en Chile el año 2016, se exploran descriptivamente mediante prevalencias y razones de probabilidad, algunos fenómenos en los que la gente cree, y se analiza qué tan arraigados están en los diversos segmentos de la población. Entre los resultados, encontramos una alta prevalencia en creencias acerca de la existencia de los milagros (79 %), los espíritus (65 %), la telepatía (60.2 %), la numerología (50.4 %) y los OVNIS (59.9 %). Como discusión, se plantea una paradoja de la modernidad, donde pese a la propagación del conocimiento científico y las tecnologías, algunas creencias en lo sobrenatural se mantienen, esto incluso entre quienes teóricamente serían más escépticos, es decir, quienes han alcanzado educación universitaria, son adultos, se declaran agnósticos y/o partidarios de la tesis de comprobabilidad.
Inteligencia emocional centrada en uno mismo y en el otro: Escala Rotterdam de Inteligencia Emocional (REIS)
Authors: Teruel Pilar , Salavera Carlos , Usán Pablo , Antoñanzas José L. 
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue la adaptación y validación al español de la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional de Rotterdam (REIS) (Pekaar, Bakker, van der Linden, & Born, 2018) (N = 384, edad = 29.32 años). Se realizaron dos estudios: 1) la traducción de la escala REIS al español y se evaluó su consistencia interna, estructura factorial y validez convergente; y 2) el análisis factorial confirmatorio del cuestionario. Se obtuvieron cuatro factores: evaluación emocional centrada en sí mismo, evaluación de emociones centrada en otros, regulación de la emoción centrada en uno mismo y regulación de las emociones enfocadas en los otros. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró claramente que los factores de la escala REIS presentan una varianza acumulada del 56.07 %, que mostraron ser capaces de explicar la variación única de inteligencia emocional. Por su parte, el análisis factorial confirmatorio verificó la adecuación del modelo, con una estructura sustentable compuesta por los cuatro factores identificados y 28 ítems. El REIS es un instrumento fácil de comprender y rápido de completar, por lo que se considera útil para la evaluación de la inteligencia emocional en población española.
Pseudo-Rigid-Body Dynamic Models for Design of Compliant Members
Authors: Vedant  , Allison James T. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Movement in compliant mechanisms is achieved, at least in part, via deformable flexible members, rather than using articulating joints. These flexible members are traditionally modeled using finite element analysis (FEA)-based models. In this article, an alternative strategy for modeling compliant cantilever beams is developed with the objectives of reducing computational expense and providing accuracy with respect to design optimization solutions. The method involves approximating the response of a flexible beam with an n-link/m-joint pseudo-rigid-body dynamic model (PRBDM). Traditionally, static pseudo-rigid-body models (PRBMs) have shown an approximation of compliant elements using two or three revolute joints (2R/3R-PRBM). In this study, a more general nR-PRBDM model is developed. The first n resonant frequencies of the PRBDM are matched to exact or FEA solutions to approximate the response of the compliant system and compared with existing PRBMs. PRBDMs can be used for co-design studies of flexible structural members and are capable of modeling large deflections of compliant elements. We demonstrate PRBDMs that show dynamically accurate response for a random geometry cantilever beam by matching the steady-state and frequency response, with dynamical response accuracies up to 10% using a 5R-PRBDM.
Numerical Study of a Single-Point Mooring Gravity Fish Cage With Different Deformation-Suppression Methods
Authors: Cheng Hui , Aarsæther Karl Gunnar , Li Lin , Ong Muk Chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Compared with the multipoint mooring fish cage, the single-point mooring (SPM) fish cage can spread out the fish wastes and uneaten feeds in a larger area, and it can also prevent the local environment from being overwhelmed. Thus, it has attracted much attention recently. In this research, different deformation-suppression methods are applied to the SPM system with a typical Norwegian fish cage aiming to increase the cultivation volume under the action of current and/or wave loads. A well-validated software, fhsim, is used to conduct the full-scale numerical study. The effects of the three deformation-suppression methods, i.e., (i) adding the lower bridles, (ii) adding the frontal rigid frame and (iii) adding the trawl doors, are analyzed under pure current and combined wave–current conditions. The results indicate that all the three deformation-suppression methods can improve the cultivation volume at least by 32% compared to the original SPM fish cage when the current velocity is larger than 0.5 m/s. In addition, moving the conjunction point close to the bottom ring can bring a positive effect on the cultivation volume maintaining with an only small increment in the tension force. This study can provide practical advice and useful guides for the SPM fish cage design.
Artificial Intelligence Based Gas Turbine Compressor Wash: A Predictive Approach
Authors: M. Raghavan Shaiju , Palatel Arun , Simon Jayaraj 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Deep penetration of renewable energy generation has led to increased periods of operation of industrial gas turbines under part load conditions. The performance fault diagnosis of gas turbine module components such as compressor, turbine, and the combustion chamber is a difficult task for such non-design operating conditions. Hence operational data-based performance health monitoring system is a requirement of gas turbine owners or users. The system must be capable to identify the degradation of gas turbine components, having substantial impact on the performance of the module in any possible operating condition. On time identification of degraded components will reduce the cost of operation, ensure service availability and obtain maximum performance from the turbine. This paper illustrates the application of advanced machine learning techniques to the performance analysis, fault diagnosis and prediction of future performance of gas turbine compressor. Compressor fouling is a primary cause of gas turbine performance deterioration, which accounts for 70% to 85% of the performance loss. The first section of the paper focuses on the residual generation of critical parameters of the compressor. The residual of the critical parameters can be calculated by comparing compressor model output with actual plant parameters. The trained artificial neural network (ANN) classifier uses residual of critical parameters to identify the fast rate of compressor fouling in the early stage. Statistical analysis can estimate the future performance of the compressor from the residual of critical parameters. The predicted values of compressor performance are useful for the planning of offline compressor wash, which in turn improve performance, reliability, and availability of gas turbine module. The residuals can also measure the effectiveness of compressor wash and assess the performance after machine overhauling.
Experimental Investigation of Flow Blurring Atomizer at Near Field Using Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Murugan Raju , Sellan Dhanalakshmi , Kolhe Pankaj S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two-fluid flow blurring atomization is characterized by the backflow recirculation of the air phase in the liquid pipe by bifurcation of the liquid and airflow. Most of the primary spray process is completed in the injector due to the penetration of air into the liquid tube. Thus, the majority of the liquid ligaments are converted into a fine spray at the outlet of the nozzle. Experiments were performed with two different air to liquid ratios (0.6 and 1) by mass, where water is considered as the liquid and airflow was kept constant (0.2 g/s). To change the ALR, the liquid flow rate was changed. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) diagnostic technique provides the full-field velocity of the spray droplets (discrete phase). It may be noted that sprays are self-seeded and PIV measurements reflect the droplet velocities instead of air velocity. To understand the effect of the spatial resolution of PIV on spray droplet velocity; experiments were conducted at three different spatial resolutions (11.8, 16.4 and 23.22 μm/pixel) for each ALR. As the ALR is increased, the mass of the liquid in the spray decreases, resulting in finer atomization and velocity of the spray droplets. This means that finer droplets are generated for the same mass of air at a lower liquid flow rate as compared to higher liquid flow rate. Note that Reynolds stresses provide an indication of the turbulent breakup of the droplet and larger magnitudes observed for higher ALR indicate finer atomization.