bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the inverse sum indeg index of some graph operations
Authors: Havare Özge Çolakoǧlu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTopological indices are the molecular descriptors that describe the structures of chemical compounds. They are used in isomer discrimination, structure-property relationship, and structure-activity relations. The topological indices are used to predict certain physico-chemical properties such as boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization, and stability. In this paper, the inverse sum indeg index is studied. This index (ISI(G)) is defined as $\sum \frac {d_{u}d_{v}}{d_{u}+d_{v}}$∑dudvdu+dv. The inverse sum indeg index of some graph operations is computed. These operations are join, sequential join, cartesian product, lexicographic product, and corona operation.
Intracranial Efficacy and Survival With Tucatinib Plus Trastuzumab and Capecitabine for Previously Treated HER2-Positive Breast Cancer With Brain Metastases in the HER2CLIMB Trial
Authors: Lin Nancy U. , Borges Virginia , Anders Carey , Murthy Rashmi K. , Paplomata Elisavet , Hamilton Erika , Hurvitz Sara , Loi Sherene , Okines Alicia , Abramson Vandana , Bedard Philippe L. , Oliveira Mafalda , Mueller Volkmar , Zelnak Amelia , DiGiovanna Michael P. , Bachelot Thomas , Chien A. Jo , O’Regan Ruth , Wardley Andrew , Conlin Alison , Cameron David , Carey Lisa , Curigliano Giuseppe , Gelmon Karen , Loibl Sibylle , Mayor JoAl , McGoldrick Suzanne , An Xuebei , Winer Eric P. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE In the HER2CLIMB study, patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer with brain metastases (BMs) showed statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with tucatinib. We describe exploratory analyses of intracranial efficacy and survival in participants with BMs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to tucatinib or placebo, in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine. All patients underwent baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging; those with BMs were classified as active or stable. Efficacy analyses were performed by applying RECIST 1.1 criteria to CNS target lesions by investigator assessment. CNS-PFS (intracranial progression or death) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in all patients with BMs. Confirmed intracranial objective response rate (ORR-IC) was evaluated in patients with measurable intracranial disease. RESULTS There were 291 patients with BMs: 198 (48%) in the tucatinib arm and 93 (46%) in the control arm. The risk of intracranial progression or death was reduced by 68% in the tucatinib arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.48; P < .0001). Median CNS-PFS was 9.9 months in the tucatinib arm versus 4.2 months in the control arm. Risk of death was reduced by 42% in the tucatinib arm (OS HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.85; P = .005). Median OS was 18.1 versus 12.0 months. ORR-IC was higher in the tucatinib arm (47.3%; 95% CI, 33.7% to 61.2%) versus the control arm (20.0%; 95% CI, 5.7% to 43.7%; P = .03). CONCLUSION In patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with BMs, the addition of tucatinib to trastuzumab and capecitabine doubled ORR-IC, reduced risk of intracranial progression or death by two thirds, and reduced risk of death by nearly half. To our knowledge, this is the first regimen to demonstrate improved antitumor activity against BMs in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in a randomized, controlled trial.
A Qualitative Analysis of Oncology Patient Awareness of Medication Shortages and Their Preferences for How Shortages Should Be Managed
Authors: Hantel Andrew , Hlubocky Fay J. , Siegler Mark , Daugherty Christopher K. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE:Medication shortages in US hospitals are ongoing, widespread, and frequently involve antineoplastic and supportive medications used in cancer care. The ways shortages are managed and the ways provider-patient communication takes place are heterogeneous, but the related preferences of oncology patients are undefined. This study sought to qualitatively evaluate patient preferences.METHODS:A cross-sectional, semi-structured interview study was conducted from January to June 2019. Participants were adult oncology inpatients who received primary cancer care at the University of Chicago, had undergone treatment within 2 years, and had 1 or more previous hospitalizations during that period. Participants (n = 54) were selected consecutively from alternating hematology and oncology services. The primary outcome was thematic saturation across the domains of awareness of medication shortages, principle preferences regarding decision makers, preferences regarding allocation of therapy drugs, and allocation-related communication.RESULTS:Thematic saturation was reached after 39 participants completed the study procedures (mean age, 59.6 years [standard deviation, 14.5 years]; men made up 61.5% of the study population [mean age, 24 years]; response rate, 72.0%). In all, 18% of participants were aware of institutional medication shortages. Patients preferred having multiple decision makers for allocating medications in the event of a shortage. A majority of patients named oncologists (100%), ethicists (92%), non-oncology physicians (77%), and pharmacists (64%) as their preferred decision makers. Participants favored allocation of drugs based on their efficacy (normalized weighted average, 1.3), and they also favored prioritizing people who were already receiving treatment (1.8), younger patients (2.0), sicker patients (3.1), and those presenting first for treatment (5.3). Most participants preferred preferred disclosure of supportive care medication shortages (74%) and antineoplastic medication shortages (79%) for equivalent substitutions.CONCLUSION:In a tertiary-care center with medication shortages, few oncologic inpatients were aware of shortages. Participants preferred having multiple decision makers involved in principle-driven allocation of scarce medications. Disclosure was preferred when their usual medications needed to be substituted with equivalent alternatives. These preliminary data suggest that preferences do not align with current management practices for medication shortages.
Ideological Sorting of Physicians in Both Geography and the Workplace
Authors: Bonica Adam , Rosenthal Howard , Blackwood Kristy , Rothman David J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Context: The distribution of physicians across geography and employers has important implications for the delivery of medical services. This study examines how the political beliefs of physicians influence their decisions about where to live and work.
Methods: Physician relocation and employment patterns are analyzed with a panel constructed from the National Provider Identifier directory. Data on political donations are used to measure the political preferences of physicians.
Findings: The “ideological fit” between a physician and his or her community is a key predictor of both relocation and employment decisions. A Democratic physician in a predominantly Republican area is twice as likely to relocate as a Republican counterpart living there; the reverse is also true for Republicans living in Democratic areas. Physicians who do not share the political orientation of their colleagues are more likely to change workplaces within the same geographic area.
Conclusions: Physicians are actively sorting along political lines. Younger physicians have trended sharply to the left and are increasingly drawn to urban areas with physician surpluses and away from rural areas suffering from physician shortages. The findings also help explain why physician shortages are more prevalent among left-leaning specialties such as psychiatry.
Molecular mechanisms of biomineralization in marine invertebrates
Authors: Clark Melody S. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because life in our oceans is becoming more challenging for these animals with changes in temperature, pH and salinity. In the future, it will be more energetically expensive to make marine skeletons and the increasingly corrosive conditions in seawater are expected to result in the dissolution of these external skeletons. However, initial predictions of wide-scale sensitivity are changing as we understand more about the mechanisms underpinning skeletal production (biomineralization). These studies demonstrate the complexity of calcification pathways and the cellular responses of animals to these altered conditions. Factors including parental conditioning, phenotypic plasticity and epigenetics can significantly impact the production of skeletons and thus future population success. This understanding is paralleled by an increase in our knowledge of the genes and proteins involved in biomineralization, particularly in some phyla, such as urchins, molluscs and corals. This Review will provide a broad overview of our current understanding of the factors affecting skeletal production in marine invertebrates. It will focus on the molecular mechanisms underpinning biomineralization and how knowledge of these processes affects experimental design and our ability to predict responses to climate change. Understanding marine biomineralization has many tangible benefits in our changing world, including improvements in conservation and aquaculture and exploitation of natural calcified structure design using biomimicry approaches that are aimed at producing novel biocomposites.
Left Ventricular Fibrosis in Middle-Age Athletes and Physically Active Adults
Authors: BANKS LAURA , ALTAHA MUSTAFA A. , YAN ANDREW T. , DORIAN PAUL , KONIECZNY KAJA , DEVA DJEVEN P. , LA GERCHE ANDRE , AKHAVEIN FARHAD , BENTLEY ROBERT F. , CONNELLY KIM A. , GOODMAN JACK M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping techniques enable the quantification of focal and diffuse myocardial LGE, respectively. Studies have shown evidence of fibrosis in middle-age athletes, but not relative to physically active (PA) adults who perform recommended physical activity levels. Therefore, we examined cardiac remodeling and presence of left ventricular (LV) LGE and T1 values in both recreational middle-age endurance athletes (EA) and PA adults.MethodsHealthy EA and PA adults (45–65 yr) completed a standardized 3-T CMR protocol with ventricular volumetry, LV LGE, and T1 mapping.ResultsSeventy-two EA and 20 PA participants (mean age, 53 ± 5 vs 56 ± 4 yr;P< 0.01; V˙O2peak= 50 ± 7 vs 37 ± 9 mL·kg−1·min−1,P< 0.0001) were examined, with CMR data available in 89/92 participants. Focal LV LGE was observed in 30% of participants (n= 27/89): 33% of EA (n= 23/69; 33%) and 20% of PA (n= 4/20; 20%). LGE was present at the right ventricular hinge point (n= 21/89; 23.5%) or identified as ischemic (n= 2/89; 2%) or nonischemic (n= 4/89; 4%). Focal LV LGE was observed similarly in both EA and PA (P= 0.25). EA had larger LV chamber sizes and T1 native values (1169 ± 35 vs 1190 ± 26,P= 0.02) compared with PA, with similar LV ejection fraction. Global extracellular volume (ECV) was similar in both EA and PA (22.6% ± 3.5% vs 21.5% ± 2.6%,P= 0.26), with no relationship between global ECV and LV mass (r= −0.16,P= 0.19).ConclusionsFocal LGE at the right ventricular hinge point was detected at the same frequency in both groups, was unrelated to demographic or clinical indices, and was found without evidence of global ECV expansion in EA, suggesting a physiologic remodeling response. The long-term clinical implications of hinge-point LGE require clarification using prospective, long-term follow-up studies.
Calculation of Critical Speed from Raw Training Data in Recreational Marathon Runners
Authors: SMYTH BARRY , MUNIZ-PUMARES DANIEL 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Critical speed (CS) represents the highest intensity at which a physiological steady state may be reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether estimations of CS obtained from raw training data can predict performance and pacing in marathons.

Methods
We investigated running activities logged into an online fitness platform by >25,000 recreational athletes before big-city marathons. Each activity contained time, distance, and elevation every 100 m. We computed grade-adjusted pacing and the fastest pace recorded for a set of target distances (400, 800, 1000, 1500, 3000, and 5000 m). CS was determined as the slope of the distance–time relationship using all combinations of, at least, three target distances.

Results
The relationship between distance and time was linear, irrespective of the target distances used (pooled mean ± SD: R
2 = 0.9999 ± 0.0001). The estimated values of CS from all models were not different (3.74 ± 0.08 m·s−1), and all models correlated with marathon performance (R
2 = 0.672 ± 0.036, error = 8.01% ± 0.51%). CS from the model including 400, 800, and 5000 m best predicted performance (R
2 = 0.695, error = 7.67%) and was used in further analysis. Runners completed the marathon at 84.8% ± 13.6% CS, with faster runners competing at speeds closer to CS (93.0% CS for 150 min marathon times vs 78.9% CS for 360 min marathon times). Runners who completed the first half of the marathon at >94% of their CS, and particularly faster than CS, were more likely to slowdown by more than 25% in the second half of race.

Conclusion
This study suggests that estimations of CS from raw training data can successfully predict marathon performance and provide useful pacing information.
A review of public health economic modelling in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
Authors: Reddy Brian P. , Walters Stephen J. , Thokala Praveen , Duenas Alejandra , Kelly Michael P. 
Published: May 2020

Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) use economic modelling to inform judgements whenever further insight is required for decision-making. Doing so for public health guidance poses several challenges. The study’s objective was to investigate the level of heterogeneity in NICE’s public health economic models with regards to economic evaluation techniques, perspectives on outcomes and the measurement of non-health benefits. Methods: A review of all economic modelling reports published by NICE’s Centre for Public Health (CPH) as part of their guidance. Results: The review identified 56 eligible pieces of public health over the relevant period. Of these, 43 used economic modelling and 13 used no formal economic model. In total 61 economic models were used. Though the CPH specifies a reference case, in practice there is a large amount of variability from one model to the next. The most common perspective used for evaluations was that of the National Health Service (NHS); the most common economic evaluation approach was cost-utility analysis (CUA). 23 of the 56 topics used other combinations of perspective and technique, which allowed them to incorporate non-health effects, such as productivity, the effect on taxes raised and benefits spending, costs to the criminal justice sector, the effect on educational attainment and general wellbeing. Conclusions: NICE regularly updates its reference case, and non-CUA evaluation techniques have become more prominent in recent years. The results highlight the genuine advantages of having a variety of economic evaluation techniques available, which can be matched with the given topic. While it is always necessary to be wary of the possibility of gamesmanship and cherry picking, there is a surprising alignment between many approaches in certain circumstances.
Where the Heart Is: Information Production and the Home Bias
Authors: Cornaggia Jess N. , Cornaggia Kimberly J. , Israelsen Ryan D. 
Published: May 2020

This paper tests whether home bias exists among information producers. We find that credit analysts are more generous when rating issuers from their home states compared with (a) benchmark analysts from outside the state and (b) their own standards for rating issuers from other states. This home analyst effect strengthens around key rating certifications (AAA and investment grade), reduces credit spreads, and expands affected issuers’ debt capacity. We conduct several tests to address the possibility that the observed home analyst effect reflects a selection effect based on informational advantages and conclude that it instead reflects a home bias. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Short-Sales Constraints and the Diversification Puzzle
Authors: Reed Adam V. , Saffi Pedro A. C. , Van Wesep Edward D. 
Published: May 2020

Disagreement about stock valuation, combined with short-sales constraints, can increase asset prices. We build a model showing that, so long as investor beliefs are not perfectly correlated, investors disagree less about the value of a conglomerate than about each of its individual divisions. This generates a conglomerate discount with disagreement and short-sales constraints being complementary in explaining its cross-sectional variation. We test these predictions empirically and find substantial support: conglomerates have lower differences of opinion and lower short-sales constraints than pure-play firms. Furthermore, greater differences of opinion and tighter short-sales constraints are significant predictors of valuation differences between conglomerates and pure plays. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
The Son-Rise Programme: an intervention to improve social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kahjoogh Mina Ahmadi , Pishyareh Ebrahim , Gharamaleki Fatemeh Fekar , Mohammadi Ahmad , Someh Abbas Soltani , Jasemi Sahar , Zali Mahdieh Mahmoudzadeh 
Published: May 2020

Background/aims Communication problems are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder. These problems usually lead to challenges in social interactions. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Son-Rise Programme on improving social interaction and communication in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods Thirty children with autism spectrum disorder (aged 4–6) were involved in this study. The children were assigned randomly to one two groups, either the 1-week intensive Son-Rise Programme or the control group. They were evaluated using the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale before and after the study. Results The participants in the group of the Son-Rise Programme showed a significant improvement in their social interaction skills compared to the control group (P=0.001). Conclusions The Son-Rise Programme could improve social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder.
The Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility (HABAM): a useful tool to estimate length of hospital stay following hip and knee replacement
Authors: Martin Jack , Barker Karen 
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims The Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility is a measure of balance and mobility that can detect recovery of physical function, and can be used to identify patients at risk of delayed discharge. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility scores as a predictor of length of hospital stay in patients following hip and knee replacement. Methods Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility scores were collected on 191 patients following primary total joint replacement. Regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility and length of stay. Results Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility scores of <31 on the first post-operative day predicted longer than mean length of stay (4 days) with sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 83%. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that a Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility score of 50 was the optimal cut-off point for discharge. Conclusions Hierarchical Assessment of Balance and Mobility offers a practical way to quantify and objectively track patients' physical function, and can help identify patients at risk of an increased length of stay on post-operative day one.
Compact diaphragm-based optical accelerometers with µg/√Hz resolution
Authors: Habib Afshar Behrad , Digonnet Michel J. F. 
Published: May 2020

A compact fiber accelerometer that meets the resolution requirement for aircraft navigation is reported. It detects extremely weak acceleration-induced vibrations of a spring-loaded diaphragm using a two-wave interferometer with a

π

/

2

biasing step micro-fabricated on the diaphragm. A single-mode fiber provides a laser beam that interrogates the interferometer. This sensor has a measured flat-band sensitivity with a bandwidth of 10.7 kHz, and a resolution limited by thermo-mechanical noise of

13

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√

H
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at 100 Torr, and

712

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g

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√

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at 20 mTorr.
Geschlechterrollen und Homosexualität im Alten Testament
Authors: Leuenberger Martin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
After a few hermeneutical preliminaries reflecting on how to perceive ›homosexuality‹ appropriately in ancient contexts within the framework of gender roles, the exegetic contribution first casts an iconographic glance at two Ancient Near Eastern images. This background then helps to sharpen the contours of prominent OT texts: On the one hand, the narrative creation texts in Gen 1-3 elaborate two distinct models of human gender roles, both of which should be understood as fundamental anthropological and theological constructions and conceptualizations. On the other hand, it becomes clear that the only explicit statement on sexual intercourse between two men in Lev 18:22/20:13 represents a prescriptive parenesis seeking to ensure the transgenerational survival of the threatened Yahweh-community in the Persian province of Yehud. In both instances, the contexts and pragmatics of the texts are essential when asking about possible implications for understanding ›homosexuality‹.
Gen Z, «pestañea–comparte– ríe–olvida»: Un modelo de fidelización basado en RSE
Authors: Cejas Santiago , González Sofía , Tesio María Antonella 
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar el grado en que influyen las prácticas de responsabilidad social empresaria que llevan a los miembros de la generación Z a ser leales a las marcas de la categoría de celulares, dentro del ámbito de la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, basada en 403 encuestas válidas realizadas durante junio de 2019, en la ciudad de Córdoba, con casos seleccionados según un método no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se estableció un modelo teórico en el que la responsabilidad social empresariaincide positivamente en aspectos conativos (intención de compra), cognitivos (brand equity) y afectivos (identificación consumidor–empresa); los cuales, a su vez, influyen positivamente en la lealtad. Se aplicaron métodos de regresión lineal para la comprobación estadística de dicho modelo. Se comprobaron las hipótesis planteadas y se estableció una relación positiva entre los constructos del modelo y la lealtad, siendo el de mayor influencia el aspecto conativo representado por la intención de compra. El estudio realizado se acota a la categoría celulares, pudiendo tener dificultades en extrapolar el modelo a otras categorías. Existen restricciones también, al no contar con un estudio exploratorio previo, y ciertos sesgos probables por el tipo de muestra utilizada.Se constata la importancia de la construcción de un valor de marcaalineado con las prácticas de RSE, como también la creación de uncontexto favorable para la intención de compra y para la formación delealtad en la generación Z.