bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Medicinal Plants against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Silva Clenilda Tolentino Bento da , Nakasone Alessandra Keiko , Lemos Walkymário de Paulo , Lameira Osmar Alves , Oliveira Luana Cardoso de 
Published: January 2020

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 14 alcoholic extracts of medicinal plants on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. Those are fungi that cause diseases in Passiflora edulis.
Study Design: With the obtained data the mycelial growth rate index (MGRI) was calculated, afterwards the analysis of variance was performed and the means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.
Place and Duration of Study: Plant Pathology Laboratory, Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil, between May 2014 and April 2015.
Methodology: The extracts were prepared with 1.0 g of powdered plant material and 10 mL of commercial ethyl alcohol 92.8º (0.1 g mL-1) under constant agitation in an orbital shaker at 200 rpm for 20 minutes. They were then kept in the refrigerator for 24 hours at rest. The extracts were centrifuged and filtered on Millipore membranes with 0.22 µm porosity. The tests with the phytopathogenic fungi were carried out in vitro with the alcoholic extracts at 1% concentration. The experimental design was completely randomized with 15 treatments and 5 replicates.
Results: All the extracts reduced the growth of the fungi C. gloeosporioides. The extracts the Eucalyptus angulosa, Lippia alba, Zingiber officinale, Cymbopagon citratus, Azadirachta indica, Plectranthus barbathus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Aloe vera, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Mansoa alliacea and Chenopodium ambrosioides reduced the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. Only the extract of E. angulosa presented reduction in the growth of F. solani. Meanwhile the extracts of E. angulosa, Z. officinale, L. alba, M. alliacea and P. barbathus reduced the mycelial growth of R. solani.
Conclusion: All extracts presented antimicrobial potential, being that the extract of E. angulosa reduced the mycelial growth of all the evaluated fungi.
In‐Band Full‐Duplex Transmission
Authors: Choi Jaeyoung , Kim Dongkyu , Hong Daesik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn‐band full‐duplex (IBFD) operation, a node simultaneously transmits and receives data using a single channel, is an approach that offers great potential to improve spectral efficiency. One of the major difficulties in implementing IBFD systems is self‐interference (SI), which is produced when its own transmitted signal affects the received signal. This article first reviews the basic concepts of IBFD transmission and SI cancellation (SIC) schemes. With the aid of recent progress in SIC, it is shown the SI between the transmitter and receiver on a common channel can be reduced to the noise level, which makes data decoding feasible in IBFD transmission. Accordingly, the effects of IBFD transmission on system performance in various networks are discussed. Furthermore, this chapter also provides the research challenges and opportunities associated with the design and analysis of IBFD systems. Finally, we conclude this chapter by addressing the advantages of IBFD transmission when exploited for different purposes such as non‐orthogonal multiple access, cognitive radios, network secrecy, and wireless power transfer.
Nonlinear Effects of Wireless Transceivers
Authors: Eriksson Thomas , Cao Wenhui , Fager Christian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
All communication transceivers suffer from nonlinearities in the analog components, such as amplifiers, mixers, ADCs/DACs, etc. Such nonlinearities lead to distortion of the communication signals, and may lead to the transceiver interfering with victims operating at neighbor frequencies.
The effects of nonlinearities have been a focus area since the start of digital mobile communication, and particularly the power amplifier in the transmitter has received much of attention. However, with 5G there are a few features that lead to a change in how nonlinearities are affecting the system. The usage of large antenna arrays, the introduction of millimeter‐wave frequencies, and the large signal bandwidths all lead to new effects due to nonlinearities – some beneficial, some problematic.
In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the underlying reasons for nonlinearity and how to model them. We study the effects of nonlinearity in several scenarios, including single‐ and multi‐antenna transceivers, phased array and hybrid digital/analog beamforming, single‐ and multi‐carrier signaling, and concurrent multi‐band signaling, and we briefly discuss compensation of the effects.
Security for Vertical Industries
Authors: Monshizadeh Mehrnoosh , Khatri Vikramajeet , Adam Iris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHaving a changing ecosystem in 5G requires coordinating and adapting new security capabilities for Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) that can cover several verticals, their new business models, and mode of operation. In such an ecosystem, cloud service providers should offer corresponding security services to MNVOs, regarding the deployment, layer, and configuration of security functions. Furthermore, 5G network slicing requires automated security and orchestration functionality, especially in complex network environments comprising multiple providers and multiple tenants. MNVOs must not only define security‐related Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for new business models but also offer automated security management capabilities to tenants like verticals. To utilize such benefits and toward a secure and flexible 5G architecture, this article investigates MVNOs' security challenges and mitigation mechanisms for cloud layers as well cloud deployments. In addition, in this article the challenges for MVNOs to correlate security events in 5G scenarios are analyzed and a framework for automated security event management is proposed to offer security monitoring and correlation capabilities to mobile network operators, infrastructure service providers, and tenants like verticals.
Security Monitoring and Management in 5G
Authors: de Oca Edgardo Montes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonitoring is an essential functionality that is required to provide the awareness and automation necessary to manage both performance and security of fixed and mobile networks. The advent of 5G introduces new concepts that both facilitate the monitoring and security management but have also introduced new vulnerabilities and challenges that need to be addressed. This section presents the different requirements, vulnerabilities, and concepts related to security monitoring and management. It introduces some of the solutions that are being developed and tested to obtain efficient security in 5G networks. It introduces the different network security monitoring techniques, software‐defined security and network slicing, cognitive network security management, liability management, and techniques to obtain efficient security. It also introduces recent trends that profit from 5G network programmability to optimize the security monitoring and management.
D2Din Vehicular Networks
Authors: Lien Shao‐Yu , Tsai Hua‐Lung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDifferent from the conventional transportation paradigm in which human drivers play an inevitable role in individual driving machines, a new paradigm shift and technological revolution have been launched in the vehicular society toward electrified, unmanned, and configurable intelligent transportation systems (ITS). To align with this target, 3GPP has revealed the service requirements of advanced vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) use cases in June 2018, which are classified into four categories of advanced driving, cooperative platooning, remote driving, and extended sensors. To sustain these manifold use cases, the service requirements of advanced V2X include low latency, high reliability, high throughput, high connection density, and high mobility. To achieve these unprecedented wireless‐service demands, in addition to downlink and uplink transmissions to exchange data between a vehicle and a base station, sidelink transmissions to directly exchange data between two or multiple vehicles without signal relay via a base station have emerged as a crucial feature in advanced V2X. In 3GPP, sidelink transmissions have initially been introduced to device‐to‐device (D2D) proximity services for the particular use case of public safety in Releases 12 and 13. Since Release 14, this feature has been applied to V2X for Long‐Term Evolution Advanced (LTE‐A) and is retained in Release 16 for New Radio (NR) V2X. In this article, knowledge and technical evolution of sidelink transmissions in V2X are provided. The focus is particularly on the use cases of D2D in V2X and technical development of Layer 1 and 2 sidelink transmissions from Release 12 to Release 16.
Asynchronous adaptive output feedback sliding mode control for Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy Markovian jump systems with actuator faults
Authors: Li Min , Liu Ming , Zhang Yingchun , Chen Xueqin 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this article, the problem of asynchronous adaptive dynamic output feedback sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with actuator faults is investigated. The asynchronous dynamic output feedback control strategy is employed, as the nonsynchronization phenomenon of jump modes exists between the plant and the controller. A novel asynchronous adaptive SMC approach is proposed to solve the synthesis problem for T‐S fuzzy MJSs with actuator faults. Sufficient conditions for stochastic asymptotic stability of T‐S fuzzy MJSs are given. Under the designed asynchronous adaptive SMC scheme, the effects of actuator faults and external disturbance can be completely compensated and the reachability of sliding surface is ensured. Finally, an example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design techniques.
Fragmented and isolated: limited gene flow coupled with weak isolation by environment in the paleoendemic giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum)
Authors: DeSilva Rainbow , Dodd Richard S. 
Published: December 2019

PremisePatterns of genetic structure across a species’ range reflect the long‐term interplay between genetic drift, gene flow, and selection. Given the importance of gene flow in preventing the loss of diversity through genetic drift among spatially isolated populations, understanding the dynamics of gene flow and the factors that influence connectivity across a species’ range is a major goal for conservation of genetic diversity. Here we present a detailed look at gene flow dynamics of Sequoiadendron giganteum, a paleoendemic tree species that will likely face numerous threats due to climate change.MethodsWe used microsatellite markers to examine nineteen populations of S. giganteum for patterns of genetic structure and to estimate admixture and rates of gene flow between eight population pairs. Also, we used Generalized Dissimilarity Models to elucidate landscape factors that shape genetic differentiation among populations.ResultsWe found minimal gene flow between adjacent groves in the northern disjunct range. In most of the southern portion of the range, groves showed a signal of connectivity which degrades to isolation in the extreme south. Geographic distance was the most important predictor of genetic dissimilarity across the range, with environmental conditions related to precipitation and temperature explaining a small, but significant, portion of the genetic variance.ConclusionsDue to their isolation and unique genetic composition, northern populations of S. giganteum should be considered a high conservation priority. In this region, we suggest germplasm conservation as well as restoration planting to enhance genetic diversity.
Sports participation improves metabolic profile in adolescents: ABCD growth study
Authors: Cayres‐Santos Suziane Ungari , Urban Jacqueline Bexiga , Barbosa Maurício Fregonesi , Lemes Italo Ribeiro , Kemper Han C. G. , Fernandes Romulo Araújo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo analyze the impact of participation in sports with different cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) demands on changes in metabolic and cardiovascular markers in adolescents. Longitudinal study with 12 months of follow‐up (Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth [ABCD Growth Study]). Overall, 184 adolescents (age 15.6 ± 2.1) were classified according to sports participation: non‐sport (control), low CRF sports, and high CRF sports. Metabolic outcomes were total cholesterol (TC) and its fractions, triacylglycerol (TG), glucose, insulin levels, and the insulin resistance index. Cardiovascular outcomes were arterial thickness (carotid and femoral [ultrasound]), blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Adolescents engaged in sports classified as high CRF demand presented a significant increase in HDL‐c (1.2 mg/dL [95%CI: −0.5 to 3.0]) when compared to the non‐sport group (−2.4 mg/dL [95%CI: −4.4 to −0.5]). Regular engagement in high CRF sports was significantly related to changes in TC (β = −0.027 [95%CI: −0.048 to −0.005]), HDL‐c (β = 0.009 [95%CI: 0.001 to 0.019]), LDL‐c (β = −0.032 [95%CI: −0.049 to −0.016]), and glucose (β = −0.017 [95%CI: −0.025 to −0.008]), while engagement in low CRF sports was related to changes in TG (β = −0.065 [95%CI: −0.112 to −0.019]). No significant relationships for cardiovascular parameters were observed in the low CRF group, but one significant relationship was found between high CRF sports and changes in SBP (β = −0.063 [95%CI: −0.117 to −0.009]). In conclusion, engagement in sports seems to be beneficial for improvements in metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in adolescents, mainly sports with higher CRF demand.
Further delineation of the phenotypic spectrum associated with hemizygous loss‐of‐function variants in NONO
Authors: Sewani Maham , Nugent Kimberly , Blackburn Patrick R. , Tarnowski Jessica M. , Hernandez‐Garcia Andres , Amiel Jeanne , Whalen Sandra , Keren Boris , Courtin Thomas , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Yang Yaping , Patterson Marc C. , Pichurin Pavel , McLean Scott D. , Scott Daryl A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe non‐POU domain containing, octamer‐binding gene, NONO, is located on chromosome Xq13.1 and encodes a member of a small family of RNA and DNA binding proteins that perform a variety of tasks involved in RNA synthesis, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. Hemizygous loss‐of‐function variants in NONO have been shown to cause mental retardation, X‐linked, syndromic 34 in males. Features of this disorder can include a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes, left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), congenital heart defects, and CNS anomalies. To date only eight cases have been described in the literature. Here we report two unrelated patients and a miscarried fetus with loss‐of‐function variants in NONO. Their phenotypes, and a review of previously reported cases, demonstrate that hemizygous loss‐of‐function variants in NONO cause a recognizable genetic syndrome. The cardinal features of this condition include developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, macrocephaly, structural abnormalities affecting the corpus callosum and/or cerebellum, LVNC, congenital heart defects, and gastrointestinal/feeding issues. This syndrome also carries an increased risk for strabismus and cryptorchidism and is associated with dysmorphic features that include an elongated face, up/down‐slanted palpebral fissures, frontal bossing, and malar hypoplasia.
DNA Origami Post‐Processing by CRISPR‐Cas12a
Authors: Xiong Qiancheng , Xie Chun , Zhang Zhao , Liu Longfei , Powell John T , Shen Qi , Lin Chenxiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCustomizable nanostructures built through the DNA‐origami technique hold tremendous promise in nanomaterial fabrication and biotechnology. Despite the cutting‐edge tools for DNA‐origami design and preparation, it remains challenging to separate structural components of an architecture built from—thus held together by—a continuous scaffold strand, which in turn limits the modularity and function of the DNA‐origami devices. To address this challenge, here we present an enzymatic method to clean up and reconfigure DNA‐origami structures. We target single‐stranded (ss) regions of DNA‐origami structures and remove them with CRISPR‐Cas12a, a hyper‐active ssDNA endonuclease without sequence specificity. We demonstrate the utility of this facile, selective post‐processing method on DNA structures with various geometrical and mechanical properties, realizing intricate structures and structural transformations that were previously difficult to engineer. Given the biocompatibility of Cas12a‐like enzymes, this versatile tool may be programmed in the future to operate functional nanodevices in cells.
The Effect of the Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon in the Formation of Fullerenes
Authors: Wu Bo , Jiang Li , Luo Yi , Wang Chunru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTremendous advances in nanoscience have been made since the discovery of fullerenes. However, the short timescale of the growth process and high‐energy conditions of synthesis result in severe constraints to investigation of the mechanism of fullerene formation. In this work, we attempted to reveal the formation process by analyzing the variation in the yield of fullerenes under different conditions. Experiments and theoretical analysis show that the formation of fullerenes could be affected by the addition of polycyclic aromatic compounds. It is proposed that the formation of C60 during arc‐discharge synthesis is fragment assembling, while the yield of C2m (m=35, 38, 39) is strongly enhanced by building‐block splicing. In addition, several features of the building blocks are put forward to predict the extent of their influence to the formation of larger fullerenes C2n (n≥42). This work not only provides essential insight into the formation process of fullerenes, but more importantly also paves the way to improving the yield of larger fullerenes selectively.
How different Are crowdfunders? Examining archetypes of crowdfunders
Authors: Lin Yan , Boh Wai Fong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe unpack the complexities of the crowdfunder community by identifying different archetypes of crowdfunders funding technology projects on Kickstarter.com. Drawing on the extant literature on innovation adoption and opinion leadership, we propose two dimensions of crowdfunders that capture the heterogeneity in crowdfundersʼ behavior: opinion leadership and interest specialization of crowdfunders. Using a set of variables representing these two dimensions, our analysis revealed five distinct archetypes of crowdfunders: the Vocal Actives, the Silent Actives, the Focused Enthusiasts, the Trend Followers, and the Star Seekers, who each adopted distinct crowdfunding strategies. We established external and criterion‐related validity of the cluster solutions in multiple ways. Our results suggest that the composition of crowdfunders is complex, even within a single platform.
Optimal Control of Forward‐Backward Stochastic Jump‐Diffusion Differential Systems with Observation Noises: Stochastic Maximum Principle
Authors: Wang Meijiao , Shi Qiuhong , Meng Qingxin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a partially observed optimal control problem for a controlled forward‐backward stochastic system with correlated noises between the system and the observation, which generalizes the result of a previous work to a jump‐diffusion system. Under some convexity assumptions, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for such an optimal control are established in the form of Pontryagin type maximum principle in a unified way by means of duality analysis and convex variational techniques
Electrochemical Activation of 2D MXene‐Based Hybrid for High Volumetric Mg‐Ion Storage Capacitance
Authors: Gyu Jung Min , Sambhaji Gund Girish , Gogotsi Yury , Seok Park Ho 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical capacitors are considered as a strong candidate of energy storage device due to their high power density and long cycle lifetime. However, commercial carbon‐based electrochemical capacitors provide only about 60 F cm−3 of volumetric capacitance due to low packing density and intrinsic areal capacitance. Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have received attention due to their high electronic conductivity, surface modification, and abilities to achieve superior ion intercalation and packing density. Here, we report the improved volumetric Mg‐ion storage capacitance of 2D MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid through electrochemical activation. Along with high volumetric capacitance of 439 F cm−3 at 2 mV s−1, MXene/rGO hybrid electrode exhibits superior capacitive retention of 87 % after 10,000 cycles in aqueous Mg‐ion system. Thus, our hybrid electrode and electrochemical activation approach opens new avenues to store Mg and other multivalent ions for high volumetric capacitance of electrochemical capacitors.
Of embryos and tumors: Cyclopia and the relevance of mechanistic teratology
Authors: DeSesso John M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmbryos and tumors share several characteristics, but embryos differ from tumors in their coordination of cellular‐ and tissue‐level processes, including organized differentiation, remodeling of tissues through apoptosis, and disciplined migrations of cells. Embryonic cellular events are kept on track through orderly cell–cell communication via signal transduction pathways. If the pathways are disrupted, development is perturbed, and malformation may result. Despite profound differences between embryos and tumors, the study of one has benefited our understanding of the other. Using cyclopia as an example, the history of humans' beliefs concerning and reactions to this horrific malformation are explored. During the latter half of the 20th century, interest in cyclopic sheep from high pastures in western Idaho led to the discovery that cyclopia occurred after pregnant ewes foraged in fields containing corn lily (Veratrum californicum). Eventually, the proximate teratogen was identified as cyclopamine (a steroidal alkaloid). The teratogenic mechanism was identified as inhibition of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signal transduction pathway. Alert cancer researchers noted that a prominent form of medulloblastoma (a devasting childhood brain tumor) overexpressed Shh. Cyclopamine effectively inhibited the tumor in mice and killed human medulloblastoma cells in vitro. Thus, over a 60‐year period, a molecule causing hideous malformations and much emotional pain was discovered and then found capable of restraining a destructive tumor, potentially saving children's lives and sparing emotional devastation of their families. The success of identifying cyclopamine as a cause of cyclopia and a potential cure for medulloblastoma emerged from mechanistic research shared by multiple disciplines.