bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the pregnant women: an observational study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Li Huijuan , Ma Jing , Huang Runzhi , Wen Yuhua , Liu Guanghui , Xuan Miao , Yang Ling , Yang Jun , Song Lige 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Maternal vitamin D deficiency has been a worldwide concern in recent years. However the epidemiological data of vitamin D deficiency among large group of Chinese pregnant women is limited. This study is to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in Shanghai, China and to analyze the association of vitamin D status with some pregnancy outcomes (gestational diabetes and low birth weight).

Methods
A total of 34,417 pregnant women in Shanghai were included in this study from January 2014 to December 2017, and the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured at 16th week of gestation by electrochemiluminescence assay. Seventy five grams of glucose was used to conduct oral glucose tolerance test during 24-28th week of gestational in all enrolled persons and the birth weight of newborns was recorded.

Results
The median serum 25(OH) D concentration in the pregnant women during 4 years was 42.87 nmol/L (32.88–51.90 nmol/L). 9.9% of the population were severe vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L], 60.1% were deficient [25 nmol/L ≤ 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L], 28.4% were insufficient [50 nmol/L ≤ 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L] and only 1.6% of the enrolled population reached the level of adequate [25(OH)D ≥ 75 nmol/L]. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations showed significant difference among seasons with the highest level in winter and the lowest level in summer. Women with advanced maternal age were more likely to have better vitamin D status compared with younger women. The 25(OH) D levels were significantly different among 2014–2017. The year of 2017 had the highest 25(OH) D level with the median serum concentration reaching 47.80 nmol/L (41.00–55.00 nmol/L), while the lowest appeared in 2016 which has median 25(OH) D concentration at 38.87 nmol/L (28.76–49.97 nmol/L). No relations were found between the 25(OH) D status and the rate of gestational diabetes or low birth weight of newborns.

Conclusion
Pregnant women in Shanghai were generally deficient in vitamin D status and the level of vitamin D was related to season and age. No evidence showed vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women contributes to the rate of gestational diabetes or low birth weight of newborns in this study. These results suggest that most of the pregnant women may need vitamin D supplementation to achieve adequate vitamin D level.
Art, life, and the fashion museum: for a more solidarian exhibition practice
Authors: Wallenberg Louise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article departs from the century-long understanding that fashion connects ‘life and art’, an understanding once advocated by Hans Siemsen in his avantgarde journal Zeit-Echo, to discuss how the museum constitutes an important space, or arena, where this connection is taking place. The museum as we know it is a space dedicated to displaying objects of art—and to some degree, of everyday life objects—and as such it constitutes a space for the linkage between the aesthetic and the profane, between art and life. However, as will be argued, as a space that has increasingly become dedicated to fashion—as a cultural, social and not least economic phenomenon—the museum does not embrace its full potential in displaying and problematizing fashion’s close and real relation to actual life, and especially, the very lives that produce it. The museum and its curatorial practices, it will be argued, ought to strive less to offer its audiences spectacular displays of extravagant designer fashion—and instead dare to deal with the urgent quest for and necessity of a reformed fashion industry in which textile and garment workers can actually lead safe and liveable lives.
Application of endoscopic endonasal approach in skull base surgeries: summary of 1886 cases in a single center for 10 consecutive years
Authors: Li Chuzhong , Zhu Haibo , Zong Xuyi , Wang Xinsheng , Gui Songbai , Zhao Peng , Liu Chunhui , Bai Jiwei , Cao Lei , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Endonasal endoscopic skull base surgery has undergone rapid technological developments and is now widely performed, but its strengths and weaknesses deserve further investigation and deliberation. This study was performed to investigate the surgical indications, complications, and technical advantages and disadvantages of endonasal endoscopic skull base surgery.

Methods
The clinical data of 1886 endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries performed in our ward at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from June 2006 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
One thousand ninety-three (73.4%, 1490) pituitary adenomas, 54 (24.9%, 217) chordomas, 28 (80.0%, 35) craniopharyngiomas, and 15 (83.3%, 18) meningiomas underwent total resection. Two patients died postoperatively, both having pituitary adenomas. Other postoperative complications included olfactory disorders (n = 226, 11.9%), postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (n = 78, 4.1%), hypopituitarism (n = 74, 3.9%), diabetes insipidus (n = 64, 3.4%), intracranial infection (n = 36, 1.9%), epistaxis (n = 24, 1.3%), vascular injury (n = 8, 0.4%), optic nerve injury (n = 8, 0.4%), and oculomotor movement impairment (n = 4, 0.2%). In total, 1517 (80.4%) patients were followed up for 6 to 126 months (average, 42.5 months) postoperatively. A total of 196 (13.2%) pituitary adenomas and 13 (37.1%) craniopharyngiomas recurred but no meningiomas recurred. Chordomas recurred in 97 (44.7%) patients, in whom 5-year survival rate was 65%.

Conclusion
Endoscopic surgery is an innovative surgical technique and the first choice for most midline extradural lesions such as chordomas, and an excellent choice for pituitary adenomas. It probably will be a good technique for many kinds of craniopharyngiomas and a common technique for most of skull base meningiomas, so the surgical indications of these cases should be chosen carefully to make good use of its respective advantages.
Risk factors for mortality among Tanzanian infants and children
Authors: Kisenge Rodrick R. , Rees Chris A. , Lauer Jacqueline M. , Liu Enju , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Manji Karim P. , Duggan Christopher P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
During the era of the Millennium Development Goals, under 5 mortality rates decreased significantly worldwide; however, reductions were not equally distributed. Children in sub-Saharan Africa still account for more than 50% of the world’s annual childhood deaths among children under 5 years of age. Understanding upstream risk factors for mortality among children may reduce the large burden of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to identify risk factors for mortality among infants and children in Tanzania.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data pooled from two randomized-controlled micronutrient supplementation trials. A total of 4787 infants were enrolled in the two trials (n = 2387 HIV-exposed and n = 2400 HIV-unexposed). Predictors of mortality were assessed using unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).

Results
There were 307 total deaths, 262 (11%) among children who were HIV-exposed and 45 (2%) among children who were HIV-unexposed (P < 0.001). The most common cause of death was respiratory diseases (n = 109, 35.5%). Causes of death did not significantly differ between HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed children. In adjusted regression analyses, children with birth weight <2500 g (aHR 1.75, 95% CI 1.21–2.54), Apgar score of ≤7 at 5 min (aHR 2.16, 95% CI 1.29–3.62), or who were HIV-exposed but not infected (aHR 3.35, 95% CI 2.12–5.28) or HIV-infected (aHR 27.56, 95% CI 17.43–43.58) had greater risk of mortality.

Conclusions
Infection with HIV, low birthweight, or low Apgar scores were associated with higher mortality risk. Early identification and modification of determinants of mortality among infants and children may be the first step to reducing such deaths.
Seismic inversion by Newtonian machine learning
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Schuster Gerard T. 
Published: June 2020

We present a wave-equation inversion method that inverts skeletonized seismic data for the subsurface velocity model. The skeletonized representation of the seismic traces consists of the low-rank latent-space variables predicted by a well-trained autoencoder neural network. The input to the autoencoder consists of seismic traces, and the implicit function theorem is used to determine the Fréchet derivative, i.e., the perturbation of the skeletonized data with respect to the velocity perturbation. The gradient is computed by migrating the shifted observed traces weighted by the skeletonized data residual, and the final velocity model is the one that best predicts the observed latent-space parameters. We denote this as inversion by Newtonian machine learning (NML) because it inverts for the model parameters by combining the forward and backward modeling of Newtonian wave propagation with the dimensional reduction capability of machine learning. Empirical results suggest that inversion by NML can sometimes mitigate the cycle-skipping problem of conventional full-waveform inversion (FWI). Numerical tests with synthetic and field data demonstrate the success of NML inversion in recovering a low-wavenumber approximation to the subsurface velocity model. The advantage of this method over other skeletonized data methods is that no manual picking of important features is required because the skeletal data are automatically selected by the autoencoder. The disadvantage is that the inverted velocity model has less resolution compared with the FWI result, but it can serve as a good initial model for FWI. Our most significant contribution is that we provide a general framework for using wave-equation inversion to invert skeletal data generated by any type of neural network. In other words, we have combined the deterministic modeling of Newtonian physics and the pattern matching capabilities of machine learning to invert seismic data by NML.
Pathogenic Germline Mutations in DNA Repair Genes in Combination With Cancer Treatment Exposures and Risk of Subsequent Neoplasms Among Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Qin Na , Wang Zhaoming , Liu Qi , Song Nan , Wilson Carmen L. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Shelton Kyla , Easton John , Mulder Heather , Kennetz Dennis , Edmonson Michael N. , Rusch Michael C. , Downing James R. , Hudson Melissa M. , Nichols Kim E. , Zhang Jinghui , Robison Leslie L. , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE To investigate cancer treatment plus pathogenic germline mutations (PGMs) in DNA repair genes (DRGs) for identification of childhood cancer survivors at increased risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs). METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on blood-derived DNA from survivors in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort. PGMs were evaluated in 127 genes from 6 major DNA repair pathways. Cumulative doses of chemotherapy and body region–specific radiotherapy (RT) were abstracted from medical records. Relative rates (RRs) and 95% CIs of SNs by mutation status were estimated using multivariable piecewise exponential models. RESULTS Of 4,402 survivors, 495 (11.2%) developed 1,269 SNs. We identified 538 PGMs in 98 DRGs ( POLG, MUTYH, ERCC2, and BRCA2, among others) in 508 (11.5%) survivors. Mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes were significantly associated with an increased rate of subsequent female breast cancer (RR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.8 to 7.7), especially among survivors with chest RT ≥ 20 Gy (RR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.6 to 12.4), or with a cumulative dose of anthracyclines in the second or third tertile (RR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 11.4). Mutations in HR genes were also associated with an increased rate of subsequent sarcoma among those who received alkylating agent doses in the third tertile (RR, 14.9; 95% CI, 4.0 to 38.0). Mutations in nucleotide excision repair genes were associated with subsequent thyroid cancer for those treated with neck RT ≥ 30 Gy (RR, 12.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 46.6) with marginal statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel insights regarding the contribution of genetics, in combination with known treatment-related risks, for the development of SNs. These findings have the potential to facilitate identification of high-risk survivors who may benefit from genetic counseling and/or testing of DRGs, which may further inform personalized cancer surveillance and prevention strategies.
Mutual extinction and transparency of multiple incident light waves
Authors: Lagendijk Ad , Mosk Allard P. , Vos Willem L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
When a wave is incident on a complex scattering medium, the transmitted intensity differs from the incident one due to extinction. In the absence of absorption, the extinguished power is equal to the total scattered power, a well-known conservation law termed the optical theorem. Here, we extend the case of a single incident wave to the situation of scattering and extinction by multiple incoming waves. The emerging generalized optical theorem has the exciting consequence that multiple incident waves show mutual extinction and mutual transparency, phenomena that do not exist in common forward scattering or self-extinction. Based on both exact calculations of realistic three-dimensional (3D) samples containing many (up to 104) scatterers and on approximate Fraunhofer diffraction theory we make the striking observation that the total extinction of two incident waves is greatly enhanced, called mutual extinction, or greatly reduced, mutual transparency, by up to 100% of the usual single-beam extinction. In view of the surprisingly strong mutual extinction and transparency, we propose new experiments to observe mutual extinction and transparency, namely in two-beam experiments with either elastic and absorbing scatterers, in optical wavefront shaping, in dynamic light scattering, and we discuss possible applications.
Real-Time Video Imaging of Mechanical Motions of a Single Molecular Shuttle with Sub-Millisecond Sub-Angstrom Precision
Authors: Shimizu Toshiki , Lungerich Dominik , Stuckner Joshua , Murayama Mitsuhiro , Harano Koji , Nakamura Eiichi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Miniaturized machines have open up a new dimension of chemistry, studied usually as an average over numerous molecules or for a single molecule bound on a robust substrate. Mechanical motions at a single molecule level, however, are under quantum control, strongly coupled with fluctuations of its environment — a system rarely addressed because an efficient way of observing the nanomechanical motions in real time is lacking. Here, we report sub-millisecond sub-Å precision in situ video imaging of a single fullerene molecule shuttling, rotating, and interacting with a vibrating carbon nanotube at 0.625 milliseconds(ms)/frame or 1600 fps, using an electron microscope, a fast camera, and a denoising algorithm. We have achieved in situ observation of the mechanical motions of a molecule coupled with vibration of a carbon nanotube with standard error as small as 0.9 millisecond in time and 0.01 nm in space. We have revealed rich molecular dynamics, where motions are non-linear, stochastic and often non-repeatable, and a work and energy relationship at a molecular level previously undetected by time-averaged measurements or microscopy. The molecular video recording at a 1600-fps rate exceeds by 100 times the previous records of continuous recording of molecular motions.
A Foundation for Cue-Triggered Behavior
Authors: Pennesi Daniele 
Published: June 2020

Exposure to environmental cues triggers sudden preference reversals in several choice contexts, including consumption and intertemporal, social, and risky choices. This paper introduces a dual-self model of cue-triggered behavior that (1) is based on a general mechanism that makes it applicable to many choice contexts, (2) allows a sharp comparative analysis of the responsiveness to cues, (3) can explain a wide range of behavioral anomalies, from a cue-triggered present bias to high-frequency variations in social and risk preferences, and (4) can inform the design of managerial interventions and advertising strategies employing environmental cues. Testable restrictions combining choice and nonchoice data fully characterize the model. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
Low Thyroid Function in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Kim Donghee , Vazquez-Montesino Luis Miguel , Escober Jessica A. , Fernandes Christopher T. , Cholankeril George , Loomba Rohit , Harrison Stephen A. , Younossi Zobair M. , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the euthyroid state can negatively affect the metabolic health, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We studied the effect of TSH levels in the setting of normal levels of thyroid hormone on all-cause and cause-specific mortality stratified by NAFLD status.

METHODS:
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III from 1988 to 1994 and NHANES III-linked mortality data through 2015 were used. NAFLD was defined as ultrasonographically diagnosed hepatic steatosis without coexisting liver diseases. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as a TSH level over 4.5 mIU/L and “low-normal” thyroid function as higher TSH level (2.5–4.5 mIU/L) within the euthyroid reference range. The Cox proportional hazard model analyzed the all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality.

RESULTS:
In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, individuals with low thyroid function demonstrated an association with NAFLD in a dose-dependent manner. During a median follow-up of 23 years, low thyroid function was associated with increased all-cause mortality only in the univariate model. Low thyroid function was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality in individuals with NAFLD and not in those without NAFLD. Furthermore, low thyroid function was associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular mortality in the entire population and among those with NAFLD but demonstrated no association with the non-NAFLD group.

DISCUSSION:
In this large nationally representative sample of American adults, low thyroid function was associated with NAFLD and a predictor of higher risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with NAFLD.
Agente móvil para transporte de información mediante enlaces ópticos
Authors: Jimenez Róbinson , Bocanegra Rafael , Hernández Rubén D 
Published: June 2020

En este trabajo se expone el desarrollo de un agente robotico capaz de desplazarse en trayectorias cerradas sobre supercies planas no regulares. Se dota al agente robótico con un sistema de comunicación óptica para transferencia de información del medio en el que se desenvuelve. El objetivo es desarrollar un agente robótico capaz de desplazarse autónomamente por una supercie, medir parámetros ambientales y transferir dicha información a una fuente remota, a fin de proyectarlo para trabajo colaborativo con agentes de la misma naturaleza en un sistema complejo. Se realizan pruebas de navegabilidad y retorno a la fuente, así como de transferencia de información, a partir de lo cual se obtiene un agente capaz de cumplir con los objetivos propuestos.
Una investigación comparativa entre algoritmos de reglas de asociación
Authors: Rocha Hernández July Andrea , Rodríguez Herrera Diana Milena , Rodríguez Rodríguez Jorge Enrique 
Published: June 2020

En este artículo se proponen tres algoritmos para la asociación de datos y se presenta una descripción de cada uno de ellos con el propósito de mostrar cómo realiza las asociaciones que conducen a las reglas de asociación. Posteriormente, se realiza una comparación entre éstos para determinar su eficiencia y efectividad en los resultados. Para lo anterior, se encuentra la complejidad del algoritmo y se evalúa la calidad de los resultados y las reglas generadas. Al mismo tiempo, se utilizan diferentes conjuntos de datos para probar cada algoritmo. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones obtenidas en la investigación.
Calibración de filtros de densidad neutra para laboratorios espectrofotométricos
Authors: Vega Gustavo A. , Cubillos Sergio D. , Ruiz Jairo , Nuñez Andrés 
Published: June 2020

La normatividad vigente que regula la inspección de gases contaminantes de vehículos diesel exige, sin excepción, el acompañamiento de certificados de calibración a los filtros de densidad neutra. El presente artículo presenta el proceso de investigación para el análisis y diseño de un software especializado en la calibración de lentes de opacidad de densidad neutra (DN), para laboratorios de espectrofotometría. Para lo anterior, se toma como referencia la circular nº 98.00.852.005.1, emanada del Ministerio de Economía francés; y se estructura una prueba consistente con las normas técnicas colombianas NTC 4231 y NTC 17025. Se obtiene así, un software implementado de manera exclusiva In Situ en el laboratorio FENIX TYD para la certificación de calibración de lentes, con precisiones estandarizadas nacionales e internacionales; cumpliéndose la trazabilidad de los patrones y entregando una incertidumbre expandida de 0,04U a 0,45U de la escala fotométrica conforme al requisito normativo que establece el máximo en 0,5U.
Modelo mínimo modificado de la diabetes para simular niveles de glucosa e insulina
Authors: Duitama Leal Alejandro , González Galeano Andrei Alain , Gil Gómez Javier Hernán 
Published: June 2020

Debido a la importancia que actualmente tiene la diabetes como enfermedad que se perfila ser una pandemia a nivel mundial, se hace necesario estudiar y comprender, desde difere
Where in the world is my data?
Authors: Kadambi Sudarshan , Chen Jianjun , Cooper Brian F. , Lomax David , Ramakrishnan Raghu , Silberstein Adam , Tam Erwin , Garcia-Molina Hector 
Published: June 2020

Users of websites such as Facebook, Ebay and Yahoo! demand fast response times, and these sites replicate data across globally distributed datacenters to achieve this. However, it is not necessary to replicate all data to all locations: if a European user's record is never accessed in Asia, it does not make sense to pay the bandwidth and disk costs to maintain an Asian replica.
In this paper, we describe mechanisms for selectively replicating large-scale web databases on a record-by-record basis. We introduce a flexible constraint language to specify replication policy constraints. We then present an adaptive scheme for replicating data to where it is most frequently accessed, while respecting policy constraints and using minimal bookkeeping. Experiments using a modified version of our PNUTS system demonstrate our techniques work well.
Jordan centralizer maps on trivial extension algebras
Authors: Bahmani Mohammad Ali , Ghomanjani Fateme , Shateyi Stanford 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe structure of Jordan centralizer maps is investigated on trivial extension algebras. One may obtain some conditions under which a Jordan centralizer map on a trivial extension algebra is a centralizer map. As an application, we characterize the Jordan centralizer map on a triangular algebra.