bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ageing and mental health in a developing country: who cares? Qualitative studies from Goa, India
Authors: PATEL VIKRAM , PRINCE MARTIN 
Published: July 2002

Background. While there is a growing body of epidemiological evidence on the prevalence of mental
illnesses in late-life in developing countries, there is limited data on cultural perceptions of mental
illnesses and care arrangement for older people.Method. This qualitative study used focus group discussions with older people and key informants
to investigate the status of older people and concepts of late-life mental health conditions,
particularly dementia and depression, in Goa, India.Results. Vignettes of depression and dementia were widely recognized. However, neither condition
was thought to constitute a health condition. Dementia was construed as a normal part of ageing
and was not perceived as requiring medical care. Thus, primary health physicians rarely saw this
condition in their clinical work, but community health workers frequently recognized individuals
with dementia. Depression was a common presentation in primary care, but infrequently diagnosed.
Both late-life mental disorders were attributed to abuse, neglect, or lack of love on the part of
children towards a parent. There was evidence that the system of family care and support for older
persons was less reliable than has been claimed. Care was often conditional upon the child's
expectation of inheriting the parent's property. Care for those with dependency needs was almost
entirely family-based with little or no formal services. Unsurprisingly, fear for the future, and in
particular ‘dependency anxiety’ was commonplace among older Goans.Conclusions. There is a need to raise awareness about mental disorders in late-life in the community
and among health professionals, and to improve access to appropriate health care for the elderly
with mental illness. The study suggests directions for the future development of locally appropriate
support services, such as involving the comprehensive network of community health workers.
“Spandrels of the night?”
Authors: Lynch Gary , Colgin Laura Lee , Palmer Linda 
Published: July 2002

Vertes & Eastman argue against the popular idea that dreams promote memory consolidation and suggest instead that REM provides periodic endogenous stimulation during sleep. Although we suspect that much of the debate on the function of dreams reflects a too eager acceptance of the “adaptationist program,” we nonetheless support the position of the authors and propose a specific advantage of periodic REM activity.[Vertes & Eastman]
Age-based rationing of medical care in
nineteenth-century England
Authors: EDWARDS CLAUDIA 
Published: July 2002

This article questions whether indoor medical care for the elderly provided
under the poor law and by voluntary hospitals during the second and third
quarters of the nineteenth century was rationed on the basis of age and,
given that the elderly were discriminated against compared with other age
groups, how their ability to secure medical care changed over time and
between providers.The research was motivated by the current debate on the allocation of
scarce health care resources in the British National Health Service. This
debate has contrasted the traditional approach of doctors who ration care
on the basis of medical need, that is through clinical assessment of a
patient's state of health, with new solutions developed by health
economists and medical ethicists who seek to maximize the health care
outputs society can buy or the welfare individuals can achieve over their
lifetime.I use admission and discharge registers from two case studies – a
voluntary hospital in Bristol and a workhouse infirmary in East London
– to test the following hypothesis: that during the period medical
resources, as defined by admissions and hospital days, were allocated
according to the medical need of age groups. Differential access to medical
and nursing staff, to remedies or interventions, and standards of hygiene
or diet are not considered. Although these care components were clearly
important, and some aggregate indicators may be calculated for the two
providers, the available sources do not allow comparison of the allocation
of these components between age groups.Section II outlines the theoretical framework underpinning this article
and Section III introduces the historical context. The sources of data are
described in Section IV and the evidence is presented in Section V. The
final section contributes to the historiography of old age for nineteenth-century England by suggesting ways in which to interpret the findings.
A sequence of complexes generated by a finite set of homogeneous polynomials
Authors: KIRBY DAVID 
Published: July 2002

The usefulness of the Koszul complex in handling in an algebraic
setting the two
geometric notions of multiplicity and depth first became apparent with
the work of
Auslander and Buchsbaum [1] following a suggestion of
Serre. Regarding the
generators a1, …, an

of the complex as a 1×n matrix first Eagon and Northcott
[4]
extended this work to a complex associated with an m×n

matrix, then shortly afterwards a different extension was given by Buchsbaum
and Rim
[2, 3]. These two
complexes are two of an infinite family [6]
some of which inherit the depth sensitive
property of the Koszul complex and all of which under a certain finiteness
condition
provide the same multiplicity as Euler–Poincaré characteristic

[7].These two properties prove useful in geometric applications, see for
example Lago
and Rodicio [7] for depth sensitivity and Kirby
[8] for the characteristic as
multiplicity of intersection. During the course of these developments it
became clear
that it was most appropriate to regard the complexes as being generated
by linear
forms. From this point of view it is natural to ask if the linearity of
the forms is
necessary. In the present note we begin a response to this question by
extending the
work of [6] to complexes associated with forms of arbitrary
positive degree. In a
sequel we shall similarly extend the results of multiplicity in [7].
The Development of the Gyrocompass – Inventors as Navigators
Authors: Broelmann J. 
Published: July 2002

Most reference books or monographs about the history of the gyrocompass

portray individual inventors, each as an inventive genius, respected as
a national
hero and probably depicted creating novelties in ‘brooding meditation’.
This
seems to be an accepted, rather comfortable point of view, as the subject
covers
the invention of a ‘black-box’-type too. But the invention,
development and the
adaption of this gyro instrument in a complex technological and social
system was
not achieved on the basis of a ‘single-handed’ venture.If emerging technologies are not only scientific, but also involve social
or
cultural requirements, then communication along the networks of knowledge

between inventor, mechanic and mathematician, the code of patent lawyers
and
financiers and – last but not least – navigation
officers and the red tape of a navy
must play an influential role. I would thus like to sketch out the subject
of
invention as communication and present the inventor as a navigator, someone

who leads his crew through all currents, shallows and drifts and, while
keeping
ahead of other competitors, arrives at some still uncertain location.
Seasonal change in the nesting sites of Apodemus argenteus
Authors: Sekijima Tsuneo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractEffect of arboreal activity on nesting site selection in Apodemus argenteus was examined by using nest boxes, a footprint recording technique, and live‐trapping. Although the breeding season of A. argenteus was from April to September, the use of nest boxes placed on the trunks of trees was observed only from late July to September when use of the arboreal habitat by A. argenteus became active. Nesting site selection of A. argenteus was closely associated with their spatial activity.
Total eclipse silences grasshoppers' and bushcrickets' songs
Authors: Fischer Franz Peter 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA total eclipse of the sun is a very rare event for a given geographical location, and it is not easy to predict the reaction of animals to such events. On 11 August 1999, the reaction of some species of Saltatoria was quantitatively analysed in a long‐term study area for which the normal diurnal song patterns are well established. The song activity of the grasshoppers and bushcrickets declined slowly during the partial eclipse, and stopped completely during the 2‐min total eclipse. After a marked delay, song activity returned suddenly to normal. This suggests that light intensity is the main parameter controlling the diurnal song pattern in the species studied, and obviously overrides any internal rhythm.
Aspects of the histology of reproduction in the female Angolan free‐tailed bat Mops condylurus (Microchiroptera: Molossidae) in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Vivier L. , van der Merwe M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe reproductive pattern of the female Angolan free‐tailed bat Mops condylurus (A. Smith, 1933) was investigated at two localities in Mpumalanga. Female Angolan free‐tailed bats displayed a seasonal bimodally polyoestrous reproductive pattern. Parturition in December was followed closely by a post‐partum oestrus. Ovarian follicle and endometrium cycles also closely followed the breeding season. The reproductive tract displayed complete dextral dominance with the right ovary and uterus being functionally dominant. Luteal activity was maintained throughout pregnancy and healthy corpora lutea were observed until late in pregnancy. Shedding of the zona pellucida occurred in the oviduct in the region of the ampulla–isthmus junction. The embryo entered the uterus as a morula, where it was transformed into a unilaminar, free‐lying blastocyst. A unique feature of the pre‐implantation uterus was the formation of a distinct decidua at the implantation site on the mesometrial side. Implantation in the Angolan free‐tailed bat was centric and superficial. First attachment of the trophoblast to the endometrium was mesometrial. The formation of a pre‐placental pad of trophoblast cells was also initiated on the mesometrial side, while orientation of the embryonic disc was anti‐mesometrial. Placental development occurred in the abembryonic hemisphere. Proliferation of the trophoblast over the embryonic hemisphere was slow and a bilaminar arrangement of the trophoblast was not observed in this region until after the primitive streak stage.
Feeding habits of the blackwidow spider Latrodectus lilianae (Araneae: Theridiidae) in an arid zone of south‐east Spain
Authors: Hódar José A. , Sánchez‐Piñero Francisco 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe diet of the blackwidow spider Latrodectus lilianae (Araneae: Theridiidae) was studied in an arid shrub‐steppe of south‐eastern Spain during 1990–93. For the first 3 years, prey mummies attached to spider webs were collected once the spiders' activity period was finished, at the end of September. In the fourth year, webs were marked and checked bi‐weekly from April to September during the activity period of the blackwidow spider. We identified 2106 prey items from 164 webs. Most prey were Tenebrionidae and Oniscidae, which together represented from 65.4% to 82.0% in frequency and from 78.6% to 92.0% in biomass of all prey. An analysis of selectivity comparing prey availability from prey collected in pitfalls and those collected in the webs showed that spiders preferred Tenebrionidae and Oniscidae. However, an analysis of prey size reflects also that spiders mostly selected prey ranging from 12.5 to 22.5 mm long, suggesting that prey size, rather than taxon, determines prey capture. Other predatory arthropods, as well as five small lizards, were found as prey of the blackwidow spider. This suggests that the blackwidow spider may play an essential role in regulating the food web and trophic structure in this community by preying on other species that potentially compete with or prey upon blackwidow spiders.
Special issue on Semantics, Applications, and Implementation of Program Generation
Authors: Taha Walid , Wadler Peter 
Published: July 2002

Program generation has the prospect of being an integral part of a wide range of software
development processes. Recent studies investigate different aspects of program generation
systems, including their semantics, their applications, and their implementation. Existing
theories and systems address both high-level (source) language and low-level (machine)
language generation. A number of programming languages now support program generation
and manipulation, with different goals, implementation techniques, and targeted at different
applications. In this context, a PLI workshop dedicated to this theme (SAIG'00) was held in
Montreal in September 2000. Following on from this workshop, a special issue of the Journal
of Functional Programming will be devoted to the same theme.Full-length, archival-quality submissions are solicited on topics including both theoretical
and practical models and tools for building program generation systems, Examples include:[bull ] Semantics, type systems, and implementations for multi-stage languages.[bull ] Run-time specialization systems, e.g. compilers, operating systems.[bull ] High-level program generation (applications, foundations, environments).[bull ] Symbolic computation, linking and explicit substitution, in-lining and macros.Reports on applications of these techniques to real-world problems are especially encouraged,
as are submissions that relate ideas and concepts from several of these topics, or bridge
the gap between theory and practice.Contributors to SAIG'00 are encouraged to submit, but submission is open to everyone.
Papers will be reviewed as regular JFP submissions, and acceptance in the special issue will
be based on relevance to the theme. The special issue also welcomes high-quality survey and
position papers that would benefit a wide audience. Accepted papers exceeding the space
restrictions will be published as regular JFP papers.Submissions should be sent to the guest editor (address below), with a copy to Nasreen
Ahmad (nasreen@dcs.gla.ac.uk). Submitted articles should be sent in postscript format,
preferably gzipped and uuencoded. In addition, please send, as plain text, title, abstract, and
contact information. The submission deadline is 1st February 2001. For other submission
details, please consult an issue of the Journal of Functional Programming or see the Journal's
web page at http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/jfp/.
The Sigüenza tornado: a case study based on convective ingredients concept and conceptual models
Authors: Martín F , R Riosalido  , de Esteban L 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOn 24 May 1993, part of the Iberian Peninsula was affected by convective activity concentrated on the eastern side of a low‐level thermal boundary which was orientated north–south. A series of storms evolved into a squall line striking at the province of Guadalajara (Central Spain). The southernmost cell of this mesoscale convective system generated a tornado that hit the city of Sigüenza between 1930 and 1940 UTC. This paper has two objectives. The first aim is to investigate the ingredients (buoyancy, wind shear, vertical distribution of moisture content, and synoptic and mesoscale lifting mechanisms) and the atmospheric agents (mid‐upper level trough, low level‐boundary, convergence zones, etc.) which favour the production of severe storms. The second one is to analyse information provided by operational remote‐sensing systems (satellite, radar and lightning) in order to test and evaluate some conceptual models of severe storms in an operational environment. For the first objective, the ingredient‐based methodology will be shown to be a valuable operational approach allowing forecasters to focus on the possibility of a severe event using the appropriate diagnostic or prognosis tools. For the second objective, special attention is given to the suitability of conceptual models associated with convective phenomena and the potential value of such models (lightning charge related to wind shear and radar‐based multicell conceptual models) for understanding the observed processes. From an operational viewpoint some problems may arise because of the technical characteristics of the equipment, particularly related to radars (e.g. scanning strategy, distance between radar and targets, and radar signal processing and displaying). Possible guidelines for using volumetric radar data (non Doppler) for deep convection monitoring are suggested for rugged and complex topographical regions. Copyright © 1997 Royal Meteorological Society
Congenic Mapping of the Type 1 Diabetes Locus,Idd3, to a 780-kb Region of Mouse Chromosome 3: Identification of a Candidate Segment of Ancestral DNA by Haplotype Mapping
Authors: Lyons Paul A. , Armitage Nicola , Argentina Fabio , Denny Paul , Hill Natasha J. , Lord Christopher J. , Wilusz Mary Beth , Peterson Laurence B. , Wicker Linda S. , Todd John A. 
Published: July 2002

Type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse arises as a consequence of T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas. Although little is known of the events that initiate and subsequently drive β-cell destruction it is clear that the entire process is under complex genetic control. At present 19 loci have been mapped that influence the development of diabetes either at the level of initiation of insulitis or at the level of progression from insulitis to overt diabetes, or both. Previously, we have mapped one of these loci,Idd3, to a 0.35-cM interval on proximal mouse chromosome 3. In the present study we have narrowed the map position of this locus to an interval of 0.15 cM by a combination of novel congenic strains and an ancestral haplotype analysis approach. We have constructed a physical contig in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones across the minimal interval. Restriction mapping of the BAC contig placed the maximum size of theIdd3interval at 780 kb between the markersD3Nds36andD3Nds76. To refine further theIdd3interval we developed a series of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and carried out haplotype analysis on DNA from mouse strains known to carry eitherIdd3susceptibility or protective alleles. This haplotype analysis identified a 145-kb segment of ancestral DNA between the microsatellite markerD3Nds6and the SNP81.3. One haplotype of this ancestral segment of DNA is found in mouse strains carrying anIdd3susceptibility allele and another is found in mouse strains carrying anIdd3protective allelle. Within the 780-kb congenically defined interval this 145-kb segment represents the most likely location forIdd3. TheIl2gene, which encodes the cytokine interleukin 2 (IL2), maps to this interval and is a strong candidate forIdd3. To investigate whether sequence variation exists in the promoter region of theIl2gene, which might alter its expression, we sequenced the promoter region of theIl2gene from mouse strains carrying either anIdd3susceptibility or resistance allele. Two sequence variants were identified, neither of which fell in known regulatory elements within theIl2promoter. In agreement with this observation steady-stateIl2mRNA levels showed no variation between susceptible and resistant mouse strains. These data suggest that the profound protection from diabetes seen in congenic mice carrying anIdd3protective allele is unlikely to be due to differences in the level of expression of theIl2gene. Instead, all of the current data support our hypothesis thatIdd3corresponds to amino acid variation at the amino terminus ofIl2.[Sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in GenBank and assigned the following accession numbers: AF19594, AF19595, and AF19596.]
Analysis of Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase in Arabidopsis Seedlings (Coordinate Regulation with Chalcone Synthase and Chalcone Isomerase)
Authors: Pelletier M. K. , Shirley B. W. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A genomic clone encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced amino acid sequence is 72 to 94% identical to all previously reported F3H proteins. Low-stringency DNA blot analysis indicated that F3H is encoded by a single gene in Arabidopsis. The F3H locus was mapped to the bottom of chromosome 3 and therefore does not correspond to any of the 13 flavonoid-deficient transparent testa mutants for which a map position is known. Analysis of gene expression in etiolated seedlings exposed to white light and in two putative regulatory mutants, ttg and tt8, demonstrated that the Arabidopsis F3H gene is coordinately expressed with chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase in seedlings, whereas dihydroflavonol reductase expression is controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms. The F3H gene may represent a pivotal point in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis because its expression is coordinated with different subsets of genes in different plant species.
Sugar Regulation of Harvest-Related Genes in Asparagus
Authors: Davies K. M. , Seelye J. F. , Irving D. E. , Borst W. M. , Hurst P. L. , King G. A. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The signals controlling the abundance of transcripts up-regulated (pTIP27, pTIP31, and pTIP32) or down-regulated (pTIP20 and pTIP21) after harvest in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) spears were examined. pTIP27 and pTIP31 are known to encode asparagine synthetase (AS) and a β-galactosidase (β-gal) homolog, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of pTIP20, pTIP21, and pTIP32 were determined, and they encode histone 3, histone 2B, and an unknown product, respectively. Changes in respiration, soluble sugars, and abundance of the five mRNAs were similar in the tips stored as 30-mm lengths or as part of 180-mm spears. We previously hypothesized that sugars may regulate the level of AS transcripts in asparagus tissue. Asparagus cell cultures were used to test the role of sugar status in regulating gene expression. Transcript abundance for AS, β-gal, and pTIP32 was low in cells in sugar-containing medium but increased within 12 h after transferring cells to a sugar-free medium. Histone 3 and histone 2B transcripts were, in general, abundant in cells on sugar-containing medium but declined in abundance when transferred to sugar-free medium. When cells were returned to sugar-containing medium the abundance of transcripts for histone 3 and histone 2B increased, whereas that for AS, β-gal, and pTIP32 decreased. Soluble sugar levels are known to decline rapidly in the tips of harvested spears. Metabolic regulation by sugar status may have a major influence on gene expression in asparagus spears and other tissues after harvest.
Biotin Synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana (cDNA Isolation and Characterization of Gene Expression)
Authors: Patton D. A. , Johnson M. , Ward E. R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The full-length BIO2 cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated using an expressed sequence tag that was homologous to the Escherichia coli biotin synthase gene (BioB). Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence from BIO2 with bacterial and yeast biotin synthase homologs revealed a high degree of sequence similarity. The amino terminus of the predicted BIO2 protein contains a stretch of hydrophobic residues similar in composition to transit peptide sequences. BIO2 is a single-copy nuclear gene in Arabidopsis that is expressed at high levels in the tissues of immature plants. Expression of BIO2 was higher in the light relative to dark and was induced 5-fold during biotin-limited conditions. These results demonstrate that expression of at least one gene in this pathway is regulated in response to developmental, environmental, and biochemical stimuli.