bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genetic structure and marker–trait associations in East and West African Striga hermonthica with varying phenotypic response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae isolates Foxy‐2 and FK3
Authors: Anteyi Williams Oyifioda , Rasche Frank 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYTo examine the genetic basis for the variable susceptibility of Striga hermonthica from differing zones of sub‐Saharan Africa to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (Fos) isolates Foxy‐2 and FK3, 10 S. hermonthica populations from Eastern and Western Africa were phenotyped for their susceptibility response to Foxy‐2 and FK3, and then genotyped with 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. There is low genetic differentiation between East African and West African S. hermonthica populations (i.e. the proportion of the total genetic variance contained in the subpopulation relative to the total genetic variance, FST = 0.012, P < 0.05), but intermediate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.143, P < 0.01) underlies the S. hermonthica groups that are differentiated by their phenotypic responses to Fos isolates. An expressed sequence tag SSR (EST‐SSR) marker Y53 (P < 0.01) and a genomic SSR marker E1009 (P < 0.05) were associated with the S. hermonthica class susceptible to Foxy‐2 and FK3 (group A). A divergent S. hermonthica class, consisting of groups with intermediate susceptibility to Foxy‐2 (group B) and susceptibility to either FK3 (group C) or Foxy‐2 (group D), showed no marker–trait association, instead demonstrated linkage disequilibrium decay. Owing to point substitutions and insertion–deletion mutations, the unique, protein‐coding nucleotide sequence at the E1009 locus in group A was partly dissimilar to group B, but was totally distinct from groups C and D. These findings implied that the inconsistent effectiveness of a Fos isolate is better explained by genomic variation in S. hermonthica, rather than by S. hermonthica sampling zones.
The Robot Will See You Now
Authors: Zeldovich Lina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Robots have long helped humans by doing tasks that are too dangerous, too difficult, and too dull. That is why they proved indispensable in the automotive and other industries. Over the past decade, engineers have also built smarter robots that can orient in place, avoid obstacles, follow voice commands and make decisions. Some of these intelligent robots proved invaluable in natural and man-made disasters. Now, roboticists are realizing another convenient attribute of robotic systems—they are impervious to disease outbreaks. This article looks at how robots are being used to combat COVID-19.
Investigation of Correction Trajectory Considering Bone End-Plane Orientation and the Shortest Growth Path
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Li Guotong , Hu Xiaojie , Dong Mingjie , Tao Chunjing , Ji Run , Chen Ying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
External fixators are widely used in orthopedics for the purposes of fracture reduction and bone deformity correction. Since there is nonlinear mapping between the joint and operation spaces of the external fixator, bone correction trajectories achieved by equally adjusting the length of the struts in the joint space are usually not the trajectories that clinicians expect. Based on two different adjustment strategies, a new strategy considering bone end-plane orientation and the shortest growth path is proposed to plan the position and orientation of the distal bone end, which is named joint adjustment for equal bone distraction. By proposing the inverse and forward kinematic solutions of an Ortho-SUV external fixator, correction trajectories with three different adjustment strategies are generated and compared, and the bone shapes for each strategy are modeled. The results obtained by comparative analysis indicate that a smooth and uniformly spaced linear trajectory can be acquired using the new adjustment strategy, which can avoid bone end interference and maintain an optimal distraction rate of 1.03 mm/day, with only a 3% error compared with 1 mm/day. The new strategy can perform multiplane corrections simultaneously and is beneficial for stimulating the growth of new bone tissue.
Changes in Knee Joint Mechanics After Medial Meniscectomy Determined With a Poromechanical Model
Authors: Uzuner Sabri , Li LePing , Kucuk Serdar , Memisoglu Kaya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The menisci play a vital role in the mechanical function of knee joint. Unfortunately, meniscal tears often occur. Meniscectomy is a surgical treatment for meniscal tears; however, mechanical changes in the knee joint after meniscectomy is a risk factor to osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to investigate the altered cartilage mechanics of different medial meniscectomies using a poromechanical model of the knee joint. The cartilaginous tissues were modeled as nonlinear fibril-reinforced porous materials with full saturation. The ligaments were considered as anisotropic hyperelastic and reinforced by a fibrillar collagen network. A compressive creep load of ¾ body weight was applied in full extension of the right knee during 200 s standing. Four finite element models were developed to simulate different meniscectomies of the joint using the intact model as the reference for comparison. The modeling results showed a higher load support in the lateral than medial compartment in the intact joint, and the difference in the load share between the compartments was augmented with medial meniscectomy. Similarly, the contact and fluid pressures were higher in the lateral compartment. On the other hand, the medial meniscus in the normal joint experienced more loading than the lateral one. Furthermore, the contact pressure distribution changed with creep, resulting in a load transfer between cartilage and meniscus within each compartment while the total load born by the compartment remained unchanged. This study has quantified the altered contact mechanics on the type and size of meniscectomies, which may be used to understand meniscal tear or support surgical decisions.
Design of High Ratio Gear Reducer Using Vernier Differential Theory
Authors: Chang Jaehyeock , Chang Inbae 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, we propose a high ratio involute gear reducer using the Vernier effect, so-called Vernier drive. Our design consists of a fixed internal gear, a rotating internal gear, and single-profile planetary gears, which are mounted on a carrier and simultaneously mesh with both internal gears. Since the mechanism requires a design beyond the conventional gear meshing principles, a method to modify the tooth profile of the rotating internal gear is introduced and mathematically verified with exact geometric relations. The performance of the Vernier drive is theoretically studied by quasi-static analysis, and the operation is tested with additively manufactured prototypes. The results demonstrate that the Vernier drive is able to cover a wide range of reduction ratios with a simple mechanism.
Knee Kinematics of Healthy Adults Measured Using Biplane Radiography
Authors: Gale Tom , Anderst William 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A dataset of knee kinematics in healthy, uninjured adults is needed to serve as a reference for comparison when evaluating the effects of injury, surgery, rehabilitation, and age. Most currently available datasets that characterize healthy knee kinematics were developed using conventional motion analysis, known to suffer from skin motion artifact. More accurate kinematics, obtained from bone pins or biplane radiography, have been reported for datasets ranging in size from 5 to 15 knees. The aim of this study was to characterize tibiofemoral kinematics and its variability in a larger sample of healthy adults. Thirty-nine knees were imaged using biplane radiography at 100 images/s during multiple trials of treadmill walking. Multiple gait trials were captured to measure stance and swing-phase knee kinematics. Six degrees-of-freedom kinematics were determined using a validated volumetric model-based tracking process. A bootstrapping technique was used to define average and 90% prediction bands for the kinematics. The average ROM during gait was 7.0 mm, 3.2 mm, and 2.9 mm in anterior/posterior (AP), medial/lateral (ML), and proximal/distal (PD) directions, and 67.3 deg, 11.5 deg, and 3.7 deg in flexion/extension (FE), internal/external (IE), and abduction/adduction (AbAd). Continuous kinematics demonstrated large interknee variability, with 90% prediction bands spanning approximately ±4 mm, ±10 mm, and ±5 mm for ML, AP, and PD translations and ±15 deg, ±10 deg, and ±6 deg in FE, IE, and AbAd. This dataset suggests substantial variability exists in healthy knee kinematics. This study provides a normative database for evaluating knee kinematics in patients who receive conservative or surgical treatment.
Using Technologically Related Products From Other Domains as Inspirations for Technology-Push Product Concept Generation
Authors: Lee Minho , Hwang Dongwook , Lee Yoonjin , Choi Byunghyun , Park Woojin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study presents a novel ideation aid termed technologically related products from other domains (TeRPODs) for addressing technology-push product concept generation problems. A technology-push product concept generation problem is specified in terms of a new technology and a target product/industry/business domain for which the technology is to be utilized to create novel products/applications. TeRPODs are example applications of the technology collected from domains other than the target domain and serve as brainstorming stimuli during the new product concept generation. An experiment was conducted to empirically evaluate the utility of TeRPODs. The technology-push product concept generation problem considered was that of developing new applications of the augmented reality head-up display (AR HUD) technology for the automotive domain. Two groups of participants, one utilizing a relevant set of TeRPODs (the TeRPODs group) for ideation and the other (the control group) without any ideation aids, performed individual brainstorming to generate new automotive AR HUD application concepts. The TeRPODs group produced a significantly better ideation outcome than the control group in the quantity and diversity of ideation outcome. Also, the use of TeRPODs significantly improved usefulness, novelty, preference, and profitability ratings of generated ideas. TeRPODs may serve as a useful ideation tool for technology-push inventions.
Design of a Lightweight Single-Actuator Multi-Grasp Prosthetic Hand With Force Magnification
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhao Bin , Liu Zenghui , Xu Kai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Restoring human grasp functions by prosthesis is a long-standing challenge in robotics research. Aiming at prosthetic applications, this paper presents a novel anthropomorphic multi-grasp hand design. The hand is driven by only one motor, and several mechanisms were designed for enhanced functionality. First, a continuum differential mechanism (CDM) was used to generate differential finger motions and to simplify the transmission of the hand. Second, a load adaptive variable transmission (LAVT) was designed to magnify the grasp forces. Moreover, a prismatic clutch is embedded in the hand, to lower the motor's energy consumption. Myoelectric control was implemented using affordable control hardware and sensors. All the above components are integrated in the proposed prosthetic hand, which is an average adult male size and weighs 470 g (including batteries). Experiments, including a preliminary clinical evaluation, were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the hand for prosthetic use. The results show that the hand can perform various grasps and can be a viable option for transradial prosthesis.
Effects of acute angle, proximal bending, and distal bending in the deployment vessels on incomplete low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) expansion: an in vitro study
Authors: Ikeda Hiroyuki , Otsuka Ryotaro , Uesaka Daisuke , Sano Noritaka , Torikoshi Sadaharu , Hayase Makoto , Toda Hiroki 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundA low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device may incompletely expand during stent deployment in tortuous vessels. However, the cause of incomplete expansion remains uninvestigated. We aimed to examine in vitro the factors causing incomplete expansion in LVIS deployment by using various vessel models.MethodsA linear model group was created by connecting linear silicone tubes (inner diameter 4 mm) at both sides of the LVIS deployment vessel (inner diameter 4 mm) with different curvature angles of 10–140° at 10° intervals. For comparison, proximal and distal bending model groups were created, both with 90° bending on the proximal/distal larger curvature side of the deployment vessel. A single operator macroscopically deployed an LVIS (4.5×32 mm) four times in each model and 56 times in each group.ResultsIn each model group the LVIS deployment vessel with a narrow curvature angle incompletely expanded. Incomplete expansion occurred significantly more frequently in the distal bending model group (34%, 19/56) compared with that in the linear model group (14.3%, 8/56; p<0.001), as well as in the proximal bending model group (59%, 33/56) compared with that in the distal bending model group (p<0.05). Compared with the linear model group, the proximal bending model group had a significantly reduced angle between the LVIS and the direction of the LVIS pushing force, but no significant change was found in the distal bending model group compared with that in the linear model group.ConclusionsFactors such as acute angle, distal bending, and proximal bending of the deployment vessel can cause incomplete LVIS expansion.
Does autoimmune thyroid disease affect rheumatoid arthritis disease activity or response to methotrexate?
Authors: Waldenlind Kristin , Delcoigne Bénédicte , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Askling Johan 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate if autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) impacts rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity or response to methotrexate.MethodsA nationwide register-based cohort study of 9 004 patients with new-onset RA from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register year 2006–2016, with linkage to other nationwide registers to identify comorbidity with AITD defined as thyroxine prescription before RA diagnosis, excluding non-autoimmune causes. We compared RA disease activity using 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and its components, and EULAR response, between patients with and without AITD, using logistic regression.ResultsAt diagnosis, patient reported outcome measures (PROMs; patient global, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index and pain) but not objective disease activity measures (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and swollen joint count) were significantly higher (p<0.05 for all PROMs) among RA patients with AITD compared with those without. The level of DAS28 was 5.2 vs 5.1. By contrast, AITD had little influence on EULAR response to methotrexate at 3 months (OR of non/moderate response=0.95, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.1), nor at 6 months. When stratified by age, however, AITD was more common among EULAR non/moderate responders at 3 and 6 months in patients below 45 years resulting in ORs of non/moderate response of 1.44 (0.76–2.76) and 2.75 (1.04–7.28).ConclusionAt diagnosis, RA patients with concomitant AITD score worse on patient reported but not on objective RA disease activity measures, while DAS28 was only marginally elevated. The overall chance of achieving a EULAR good response at 3 or 6 months remains unaffected, although among a limited subgroup of younger patients, AITD may be a predictor for an inferior primary response.
Inuit observations of a Tunicata bloom unusual for the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Pettitt-Wade Harri , Pearce Tristan , Kuptana David , Gallagher Colin P. , Scharffenberg Kevin , Lea Ellen V. , Hussey Nigel E. , Loseto Lisa L. 
Published: July 2020

Inuit are at the forefront of ecosystem change in the Arctic, yet their observations and interpretations are rarely reported in the literature. Climate change impacts are rapidly unfolding in the Arctic and there is a need for monitoring and reporting unique observations. In this short communication, we draw upon observations and experiential knowledge from western Canadian Inuit (Inuvialuit) harvesters combined with a scientific assessment to describe and interpret an unusual account of gelatinous organisms at high densities during summer 2019 in eastern Amundsen Gulf, near Ulukhaktok, Northwest Territories. The gelatinous organisms were identified as primarily appendicularian larvaceans (Oikopleura spp., pelagic tunicates) and their gelatinous “houses”. The organisms were observed within 3–5 km of the marine coast, from ∼1–2 m below the surface and to depths of ∼30 m with an underwater camera. Pelagic tunicates have rarely been documented in the eastern Amundsen Gulf and, to our knowledge, this was the first time these organisms had been noted by the people of Ulukhaktok. The pelagic tunicates clogged subsistence fishing nets and Inuvialuit harvesters were concerned about negative impacts to marine mammals and fishes, which they depend on for food security. These interpretations highlight major knowledge gaps for appendicularians in the Arctic. Video Inuit Ukiuktaktumi nunamingni tautukpaktut nunaktik aalangnujuhianik, taimaa tautukpaktait ilihimaliktait titiraqtauyuitut titiqani. Nunam aallangujuhia tautuktauyuq kayumikhipluni Ukiuktaktun nunanni, taimatun munariyauyukhak titiraqhimayukhat aallangujuhiit. Uvani tittiqaniInuit tautukpaktait ilihimaliktait titiraqhimayut Inuvialuit anguniaqtiinnit attauttimut iliblugit qablunaat tittiratainnutilituritiarumaplugitumayuutigut tamainnut auyanani 2019mi, tahamani Admundson Gulfmi Ulukhaktuum haniani North west Territoriesmi. Tahapkuat uumayut hauniittut imangmi attauttimiitpaktut. Uumayut tahapkuat tautuktauvaktut pingahunikluunniin tallimanitulluunniin kilometresmik ungahiktilanganik tariukmitalvattauk atauhikmikluunniin, malguknikluunniin metresnik ititigiyumi. Ilaani ititqiyami 30 metresmi takunnaqpaktun ajiliurunmun. Tahapkuninga tautuyuittugaluat taja kihimi tautukpaliktait. Ulukhaktuunmiutat taja tautukpaliktait. Tahapkuat uumayut nuvaktut inmate kuvyanut himiutkpiaqpaktut, kuvyallu iqaluguikhutik. Inuit iqalukhiuktullu anguniaqtullu ihumaalugiliktait anguyamingnik niqiqaramik. Tahapkuat ilituriliktavut ilihimatttaingitnaptigit nunaptingni ukiuktaktumi ilitturrinahuaqqaqhaluavut.
Waves from the centre: probing PBH and other macroscopic dark matter with LISA
Authors: Kühnel Florian , Matas Andrew , Starkman Glenn D. , Freese Katherine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA significant fraction of cosmological dark matter can be formed by very dense macroscopic objects, for example primordial black holes. Gravitational waves offer a promising way to probe these kinds of dark-matter candidates, in a parameter space region that is relatively untested by electromagnetic observations. In this work we consider an ensemble of macroscopic dark matter with masses in the range $$10^{-13}$$10-13–$$1\ M_{\odot }$$1M⊙ orbiting a super-massive black hole. While the strain produced by an individual dark-matter particle will be very small, gravitational waves emitted by a large number of such objects will add incoherently and produce a stochastic gravitational-wave background. We show that LISA can be a formidable machine for detecting the stochastic background of such objects orbiting the black hole in the centre of the Milky Way, Sgr $$\mathrm{A}^{\!*}$$A∗, if a dark-matter spike of the type originally predicted by Gondolo and Silk forms near the central black hole.
Causal cosmology with braneworld gravity including Gauss Bonnet coupling
Authors: Debnath Partha Sarathi 
Published: July 2020

Causal cosmological evolutions in Randall Sundrum type II (RS) braneworld gravity with Gauss Bonnet coupling and dissipative effects are discussed here. Causal theory of dissipative effects are illustrated by Full Israel Stewart theory are implemented. We consider the numerical solutions of evolutions and analytic solutions as a special case for extremely non-linear field equation in Randall Sundrum type II braneworld gravity with Gauss Bonnet coupling. Cosmological models admitting Power law expansion, Exponential expansion and evolution in the vicinity of the stationary solution of the universe are investigated for Full Israel Stewart theory. Stability of equilibrium or fixed points related to the dynamics of evolution in Full Israel Stewart theory in Randall Sundrum type II braneworld gravity together with Gauss Bonnet coupling are disclosed here.
Cretaceous geology and tectonic assembly of Jamaica
Authors: Mitchell Simon F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper provides new data on the Cretaceous geology together with existing data to define four terranes for the Cretaceous of Jamaica. The Northeast Blue Mountain Terrane (NEBMT) contains a shallow-water pile of Campanian basaltic and andesitic lavas interbedded with shallow-water, rudist-bearing limestones. The Southeast Blue Mountain Terrane (SEBMT) contains plume-related basalts attributed to the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP) of Turonian–Coniacian age overlain by interbedded cherts, limestones and basalts with CLIP affinity of Coniacian–Campanian age; the overlying succession is provisionally attributed to the late Campanian to Maastrichtian. The Western Blue Mountain Terrane (WBMT) contains a suite of Campanian arc rocks intruded by granodiorites which have tectonic contacts with metamorphic rocks (high pressure–low temperate blueschists, amphibolites and greenschists). The Western Jamaica Terrane (WJT) contains a suite of volcanic arc rocks in the Valanginian–Hauterivian, Barremian, Turonian, Santonian to Campanian, and Maastrichtian to Paleocene. These rocks are interbedded with thick to very thick (up to several kilometres) sedimentary sequences which occur at outcrop and in hydrocarbon exploration wells. Three major unconformities are present in the WJT, at the bases of the Crofts Synthem (earliest Campanian), Kellits Synthem (late Campanian to early Maastrichtian) and Yellow Limestone (late Paleocene to early Eocene). The NEBMT and SEBMT are separated from the WBMT and WJT by a NE–SW, left-lateral transform fault that defined the edge of the Caribbean Plate from the early(?) Cretaceous to the mid Eocene and allowed the Cuban oceanic arc and eastern Jamaican terranes to be emplaced between the Americas. Metamorphism in the WBMT indicates the existence of a northeasterly dipping subduction zone which allowed the subduction of CLIP lithosphere in the Campanian. Rudist bivalves suggest an affinity between Jamaica and the Siuna (Chortis) and Guerrero (Mexico) terranes in the Lower Cretaceous, suggesting that these arcs were close together. Subsequently, the three unconformities record interactions between the Jamaican arc segment and the Chortis Block and finally the collision with the Jamaican arc segment with the Maya Block in the Paleocene. The petroleum geology of each Cretaceous terrane is reviewed in the context of source and reservoir rocks. Possible source rocks exist in the Jurassic under northern Jamaica, the Albian to Turonian interval, which is associated with oceanic anoxic events, and the Maastrichtian, which contains thin units of organic-rich shales. Reservoirs are largely confined to limestones which preserve porosity in the body chambers of rudist bivalves and which have also been locally dolomitized and fractured (increasing both porosity and permeability). Oil-associated gas seeps present at outcrop, and oil shows of Jurassic and Cretaceous age from exploration wells indicate the existence of active petroleum systems, but not necessarily of economic hydrocarbon accumulations.