bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Process Oriented Water Quality Predictions for Pit Lakes
Authors: Hildebrandt Ina , Ulrich Kai-Uwe , Horn Adrian , Weber Lutz , Häfner Klaus , Nitsche Claus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReliable prediction of water quality is essential to meet the official targets set for effluent composition and usage of pit lakes, and to identify the appropriate remediation technology. For this purpose, a complex conceptual model was established and tested on two pit lakes in central Germany with highly different acid loads. To assess the reliability of the predictions, we compared monitoring data from the past 8–10 years with previous water quality predictions. In the case of Lake Schladitz, with low acid load and sufficient buffering capacity, a simple setup with few model elements appeared adequate, and no readjustment of model settings was necessary. For six (pseudo-) conservative ions, the total average deviation between measured and predicted values was − 9%, as opposed to − 2.7% during calibration. For the repeatedly conditioned Lake Bockwitz, a model parameterized with more elements and specific process parameters determined from field and laboratory investigations proved adequate for calculating the technical alkalinity demand. During calibration, the total average deviation between measured and modelled conservative ions was +0.2%; it reached +4.5% during the prediction evaluation period. With continued reacidification of the lake, the predicted concentrations of dissolved Fe and Al increasingly deviated from lake measurements. Deviations diminished after the solubility constants of schwertmannite and hydrobasaluminite were included in the thermodynamic database. The developed conceptual workflow offers a tool to improve water quality predictions for other lake settings.
Air Pollution Exposure and Covid-19 in Dutch Municipalities
Authors: Cole Matthew A. , Ozgen Ceren , Strobl Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn light of the existing preliminary evidence of a link between Covid-19 and poor air quality, which is largely based upon correlations, we estimate the relationship between long term air pollution exposure and Covid-19 in 355 municipalities in the Netherlands. Using detailed data we find compelling evidence of a positive relationship between air pollution, and particularly$$PM_{2.5}$$PM2.5concentrations, and Covid-19 cases, hospital admissions and deaths. This relationship persists even after controlling for a wide range of explanatory variables. Our results indicate that, other things being equal, a municipality with 1 μg/m3more$$PM_{2.5}$$PM2.5concentrations will have 9.4 more Covid-19 cases, 3.0 more hospital admissions, and 2.3 more deaths. This relationship between Covid-19 and air pollution withstands a number of sensitivity and robustness exercises including instrumenting pollution to mitigate potential endogeneity in the measurement of pollution and modelling spatial spillovers using spatial econometric techniques.
Procreation, Footprint and Responsibility for Climate Change
Authors: Pinkert Felix , Sticker Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral climate ethicists have recently argued that having children is morally equivalent to over-consumption, and contributes greatly to parents’ personal carbon footprints. We show that these claims are mistaken, for two reasons. First, including procreation in parents’ carbon footprints double-counts children’s consumption emissions, once towards their own, and once towards their parents’ footprints. We show that such double-counting defeats the chief purpose of the concept of carbon footprint, namely to measure the sustainability and equitability of one’s activities and choices. Furthermore, we show that proposals to avoid double-counting have other unacceptable implications. Second, we show that the key arguments for a supposed moral equivalence of procreation and consumption overgenerate and lead to unacceptable consequences in many cases, such as for the work of doctors who save lives or enable procreation. Finally, we propose that rather than counting children’s emissions towards their parents’ carbon footprints, we should consider these emissions as part of the parents’ carbon impact, i.e. the difference that their choices make to the overall global carbon emissions. It is from the perspective of impact that we should think about the ethics of procreation in an age of climate change.
The application of factorial surveys to study recruiters’ hiring intentions: comparing designs based on hypothetical and real vacancies
Authors: Gutfleisch Tamara , Samuel Robin , Sacchi Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFactorial survey experiments have been widely used to study recruiters’ hiring intentions. Respondents are asked to evaluate hypothetical applicant descriptions, which are experimentally manipulated, for hypothetical job descriptions. However, this methodology has been criticized for putting respondents in hypothetical situations that often only partially correspond to real-life hiring situations. It has been proposed that this criticism can be overcome by sampling real-world vacancies and the recruiters responsible for filling them. In such an approach, only the applicants’ descriptions are hypothetical; respondents are asked about a real hiring problem, which might increase internal and external validity. In this study, we test whether using real vacancies triggers more valid judgments compared to designs based on hypothetical vacancies. The growing number of factorial survey experiments conducted in employer studies makes addressing this question relevant, both for methodological and practical reasons. However, despite the potential implications for the validity of data, it has been neglected so far. We conducted a factorial survey experiment in Luxembourg, in which respondents evaluated hypothetical applicants referring either to a currently vacant position in their company or to a hypothetical job. Overall, we found little evidence for differences in responses by the design of the survey experiment. However, the use of real vacancies might prove beneficial depending on the research interest. We hope that our comparison of designs using real and hypothetical vacancies contributes to the emerging methodological inquiry on the possibilities and limits of using factorial survey experiments in research on hiring.
Entwicklung der Rechtschreibkompetenz im zweiten und dritten Schuljahr: Eine latente Transitionsanalyse zur Überprüfung theoretischer Annahmen
Authors: Jaeuthe Jessica , Lambrecht Jennifer , Bosse Stefanie , Bogda Katja , Spörer Nadine 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm deutschsprachigen Raum existiert eine Vielzahl von Modellen zur Entwicklung der Rechtschreibkompetenz von Grundschulkindern. Es zeigen sich starke Übereinstimmungen in der Vorstellung von aufeinanderfolgenden Kompetenzniveaus, wobei in allen Modellen drei Niveaus auftreten: 1) noch nicht lautgetreue Schreibungen, 2) lautgetreue Schreibungen und 3) orthographisch korrekte Schreibungen. Die Kriterien, auf Basis derer ein Kind dem jeweiligen Niveau zugeordnet wird, bleiben jedoch vage. Ebenso fehlt eine umfassende empirische Überprüfung der Modelle. Die vorliegende Längsschnittstudie untersuchte zu drei Messzeitpunkten (Anfang Klasse 2, Ende Klasse 2, Ende Klasse 3) die Schreibungen vonN = 697 Grundschulkinder mit standardisierten Rechtschreibtests. Mittels latenter Transitionsanalyse wurden drei Profile identifiziert: 1) Überwiegend nicht lautgetreu 2) Überwiegend lautgetreu und 3) Überwiegend korrekt. Auch die durchlaufenen Pfade und Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten stützen die angenommene hierarchische Struktur der Modelle.
A spatial econometric empirical research on the impact of industrial agglomeration on haze pollution in China
Authors: Zhao Hong , Cao Xiaoxi , Ma Tao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on statistical data on 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2000 to 2016, this paper conducts an empirical study of the impact of industrial agglomeration on haze pollution using the spatial Dubin model (SDM), spatial lag model (SLM), and spatial error model (SEM). The findings are as follows: (1) Industrial agglomeration can effectively reduce the degree of haze pollution. (2) Haze pollution has an inverted U-shaped relationship with economic development and population agglomeration. (3) The secondary industry has a positive correlation with haze pollution, while the tertiary industry can reduce haze pollution but not in an obvious manner. (4) The level of innovation and urbanization can help to reduce haze pollution, and the level of economic opening up and carbon dioxide emissions can exacerbate haze pollution. (5) Due to the insufficient commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, investment in science and technology is not obviously effective in preventing and controlling haze pollution. The relationship between environmental regulation and haze pollution is still unclear due to regional differences and the varied effectiveness of law enforcement. The study suggests that the government should guide industrial agglomeration in a reasonable manner, improve joint prevention and control across regions, and strengthen environmental regulation to prevent and control haze pollution.
Aqp9 Gene Deletion Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell (RGC) Death and Dysfunction Induced by Optic Nerve Crush: Evidence that Aquaporin 9 Acts as an Astrocyte-to-Neuron Lactate Shuttle in Concert with Monocarboxylate Transporters To Support RGC Function and Survival
Authors: Mori Sotaro , Kurimoto Takuji , Miki Akiko , Maeda Hidetaka , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAquaporin 9 (AQP9) is an aquaglyceroporin that can transport lactate. Accumulating evidence suggests that astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) plays a critical role in energy metabolism in neurons, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To test the hypothesis that AQP9, in concert with monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), participates in ANLS to maintain function and survival of RGCs, Aqp9-null mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC) with or without intravitreal injection of an MCT2 inhibitor. RGC density was similar between the Aqp9-null mice and WT mice without ONC, while ONC resulted in significantly more RGC density reduction in the Aqp9-null mice than in the WT mice at day 7. Positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) amplitude values were similar between the two groups without ONC, but were significantly more reduced in the Aqp9-null mice than in the WT mice 7days after ONC. MCT2 inhibitor injection accelerated RGC death and pSTR amplitude reduction only in the WT mice with ONC. Immunolabeling revealed that both RGCs and astrocytes expressed AQP9, that ONC predominantly reduced astrocytic AQP9 expression, and that MCTs 1, 2, and 4 were co-localized with AQP9 at the ganglion cell layer. These retinal MCTs were also co-immunoprecipitated with AQP9 in the WT mice. ONC decreased the co-immunoprecipitation of MCTs 1 and 4, but did not impact co-immunoprecipitation of MCT2. Retinal glucose transporter 1 expression was increased in Aqp9-null mice. Aqp9 gene deletion reduced and increased the intraretinal l-lactate and d-glucose concentrations, respectively. Results suggest that AQP9 acts as the ANLS to maintain function and survival of RGCs.
Excessive-reassurance seeking and mental health: Interpersonal networks for emotion regulation
Authors: Abe Kazuaki , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the context of research on depression, previous studies have explained relationships between excessive-reassurance seeking and mental health from the perspective of interpersonal rejection by significant others. The present study examined the mechanisms underlying these relationships from the perspective of “emotionships”, which indicates the diversity of interpersonal networks for emotion regulation. We also examined how the most significant other’s interpersonal acceptance plays a role in processes that underlie the relationship between excessive-reassurance seeking and mental health as mediated through emotionships. 118 students completed three questionnaires. First, they completed measures of excessive-reassurance seeking, depression and well-being. Second, to assess emotionships, participants nominated individuals they seek in different emotion regulation scenarios. Third, participants selected the most significant other that they nominated previously and answered questions about this individual’s acceptance tendency. Moderated mediation analysis results indicated that in a case that the most significant other did not tend to accept others, those who engaged in excessive-reassurance seeking had fewer emotionships, and fewer emotionships predicted deterioration of well-being. In contrast, when the most significant other tended to accept others, these negative effects of ERS behavior on well-being via emotionships were not found. These findings suggest that maintaining interpersonal networks for emotion regulation and the most significant other’s interpersonal acceptance may be important for preventing deterioration of mental health among excessive-reassurance seekers.
Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Derived from Food Intensify Crystallization Caused by Proteus mirabilis in Urine
Authors: Torzewska Agnieszka , Wiewiura Paulina , Brodecka Dominika , Szczerbiec Dominika , Różalski Antoni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProteus mirabilisis a common cause of infectious urolithiasis. The first stage in the formation of urinary stones is the crystallization of mineral salts in the urine induced by urease activity of this microorganism.Lactobacillusspp.are an important component of the human microbiota and in large quantities occur in foods. Regardless of their origin, those with probiotic properties are proposed as an alternative to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The aim of the study was to check the effect of selectedLactobacillus plantarumandLactobacillus brevisstrains on crystallization caused byP. mirabilisin an in vitro experiment. It has been confirmed that selectedLactobacillusstrains have antibacterial properties and colonize the urinary tract epithelium. During 24-h incubation of bacterial cultures, containingP. mirabilisand individualLactobacillusstrains, in synthetic urine, bacterial viability (CFU/mL), pH, and crystallization were determined. Crystallization was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively using AAS and XRD techniques as well as phase-contrast microscopy. It has been shown that in the presence of selectedLactobacillusstrains, the culture pH increases faster, especially after 8 h of incubation, compared with the pureP. mirabilisculture. An increase in pH reduces the viability ofP. mirabilis; however, in the presence of some lactobacilli, the uropathogen grows more intensively. The presence ofLactobacillusalso affected crystallization by increasing its intensity, and the resulting crystals were larger in size. TestedL. plantarumandL. brevisstrains could therefore accelerate the formation of urinary stones and development of infection.
Insolvenzrelevante Fußball-Verbandsregularien in Deutschland
Authors: Weimar Daniel 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAufgrund zahlreicher ökonomischer Besonderheiten des Fußballmarktes ist der Umgang mit insolventen Fußballclubs durchaus komplex. Als eine Reaktion auf diese Besonderheiten agieren Fußballverbände mit „Sonder-Insolvenzklauseln“, um den sportlichen Wettbewerb zu sichern. Studien attestieren diesen Verbandsregularien jedoch einen teilweisen Widerspruch zur Insolvenzordnung. Auch von Seiten der Fußballclubs wächst die Kritik gegen die Sanktionspraxis. Ökonomisch-rechtliche Auseinandersetzungen mit derartigen Verbandsregularien sind jedoch rar. Daher diskutiert der Beitrag Besonderheiten, Fehlanreize und potenzielle Reformansätze von Verbandssanktionen im Zusammenhang mit Insolvenzverfahren von Fußballunternehmen in Deutschland. Im Ergebnis werden Nachteile eines festen Punktabzuges herausgestellt und Alternativen diskutiert. Ferner wird herausgearbeitet, dass die Übertragung von Ligarechten an Nachfolgeclubs unterbunden und vorinsolvenzliche Verfahren berücksichtigt werden sollten. Da in der 1. Bundesliga keine und in der 2. Bundesliga nur zwei Insolvenzverfahren seit 1995 durchgeführt wurden, entfalten die Ergebnisse besondere Relevanz für die professionellen und semiprofessionellen Ligen drei bis fünf.
Enhanced mechanism of thermoelectric performance of Bi2Se3 using density functional theory
Authors: Mohyedin Muhammad Zamir , Taib Mohamad Fariz Mohamad , Radzwan Afiq , Mustaffa M. , Shaari Amiruddin , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor , Ali Ab Malik Marwan , Haq Bakhtiar Ul , Yahya Muhd Zu Azhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGood thermoelectric performance is being sought to face major problems related to energy, especially in the concern of the usage of energy on environmental impact. In this work, we investigate the underlying mechanism to enhance the thermoelectric performance of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) by employing density functional theory (DFT) followed by the Boltzmann transport equation under relaxation time approximation. The structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties were calculated and analyzed. From the analysis of combined results of thermoelectric properties and electronic properties as the function of the Fermi level, we found that the power factor of Bi2Se3 is improved by increasing electrical conductivity that contributed by the large density of states and light effective mass of charge carriers. The figure of merit, on the other hand, is enhanced by increasing Seebeck coefficient that contributed by heavy effective mass and decreasing thermal conductivity that contributed by low density of states. We also found that both power factor and figure of merit can be improved through n-type doping at 300 K and p-type doping at higher temperature (400 K and 500 K).
Least squares and maximum likelihood estimation of sufficient reductions in regressions with matrix-valued predictors
Authors: Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Kapla Daniel B. , Bura Efstathia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose methods to estimate sufficient reductions in matrix-valued predictors for regression or classification. We assume that the first moment of the predictor matrix given the response can be decomposed into arowandcolumncomponent via a Kronecker product structure. We obtain least squares and maximum likelihood estimates of the sufficient reductions in the matrix predictors, derive statistical properties of the resulting estimates and present fast computational algorithms with assured convergence. The performance of the proposed approaches in regression and classification is compared in simulations.We illustrate the methods on two examples, using longitudinally measured serum biomarker and neuroimaging data.
Plant growth response of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) to biochar amendment of loamy sand soil under irrigated and drought conditions
Authors: Egamberdieva Dilfuza , Zoghi Zohreh , Nazarov Khudayberdi , Wirth Stephan , Bellingrath-Kimura Sonoko Dorothea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe broad bean (Vicia faba L.) originated in the Near East, and is cultivated around the world, however, its cultivation is affected by drought stress in several central growing regions of the globe. The present study was designed to determine the effect of biochar on bean plant growth, acquisition of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and on soil nutrient contents under drought and irrigated conditions. Pyrolysis char from maize (MBC) at 2 and 4% concentrations was used for pot experiments. The shoot and/or root biomass of bean grown in soil amended with 2 and 4% MBC under irrigated condition was increased. Furthermore, increased nodule numbers of bean grown at 4% MBC amendment was observed under both irrigated and drought conditions. P and K uptake of plants under drought conditions increased by 14% and 23% under 2% MBC amendment, and by 23% and 34% under 4% MBC amendment as compared to plants grown without biochar application, respectively. This study demonstrated beneficial effects of biochar produced from maize on growth and nutrient uptake of broad bean, by improving the nodule formation and soil nutritional contents in a sandy loam soil.
The transmission of academic values between best friends: How important is an accurate perception?
Authors: Reindl Marion 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionBased on the expectancy‐value theory and value transmission theory, the present study investigated the transmission process of academic values between best friends within the classroom. Expectancy‐value theory argues that value related beliefs of important socialization agents influence the development of adolescents' academic values and that this effect is mediated through adolescents' perception of socializers' academic values. In this regard, best friends within the classroom were less focused by researchers although they become important socialization agents in adolescence. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of friends' actual academic values on adolescents' academic values, and if this effect is mediated through adolescents' perception of friends’ actual values. All dimensions of academic values according to the expectancy‐value theory were focused: intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value, and emotional cost.MethodsThe research questions were investigated based on a two‐wave longitudinal study in Germany. The final sample comprised of 303 adolescents of the fifth and seventh grade with a stable, reciprocated friend.ResultsStructural equation models revealed that the friends' actual attainment value indirectly influenced the attainment value of adolescents through the friends’ perceived attainment value. The same effect pattern was found for emotional cost. For the utility value and intrinsic value, no transmission effect was observed.ConclusionThe results provide evidence that the transmission process was not uniform for all of the academic values. Results were discussed in terms of different theoretical concepts explaining the value transmission process between friends.