bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-Mobility Articulations in Femoral Neck Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-analysis of the Outcomes
Authors: Albanese Kevin M. , Deshmane Prashant , Patil Nilesh , Larsen David A. , Ordway Nathaniel R. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Femoral neck fractures have been traditionally managed with hemiarthroplasty (HA) or conventional total hip arthroplasty (CTHA). There has been recent interest in using dual-mobility components (DMC) in total hip arthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures to provide increased stability and decrease the need for future revision.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review of the literature reporting on the use of DMC in the management of femoral neck fractures in geriatric patients. We included studies in which DMC were used alone and studies that included a comparison to total hip arthroplasty or HA. The outcomes of interest were postoperative dislocation, revision, and revision surgery rates. Two separate subgroup analyses were conducted. For the comparative studies, we analyzed the differences in outcomes using a random-effects model of relative risks. For the noncomparative studies, we estimated the cumulative incidence of the different outcomes.

Results:
Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. Eleven noncomparative studies showed a cumulative incidence of dislocation to be 1.2% (95% confidence interval = 0.3% to 2.7%) when DMC were used alone. Subgroup analyses of the seven comparative studies yielded a relative risk of dislocation using DMC was 59% less than HA and 83% less than CTHA. DMC also compared favorably in terms of revision surgery and revision rates to HA. There was insufficient quality evidence to comment on revision surgery and revision rates when compared with CTHA in comparative studies, but among the noncomparative studies, there was a low rate of revision and revision surgery.

Conclusions:
Our study revealed overall lower risk of dislocation using DMC compared with both CTHA and HA. There were also lower revision and revision surgery rates when DMC were used compared with HA. Further studies are required to elucidate cost-effectiveness and long-term outcomes of DMC in these scenarios.

Level of Evidence:
Level III-meta-analysis
Does Surgeon Subspecialty Training Affect Outcomes in the Treatment of Displaced Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children?
Authors: Fisher Brandon T. , Chong Alexander C.M. , Flick Travis , Forness Mikayla , Sauer Brian R. , Peterson Jonathan B. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
The effect of the treating surgeon's subspecialty training on the outcomes of managing displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in the pediatric cohort remains under debate. The objective of this study was to examine patient outcomes and treatment variables for these injuries based on the surgeon subspecialty training.

Methods:
A retrospective study of children who had undergone primary closed reduction and percutaneous fixation for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures was done from January 2012 through May 2019. The following four groups with differing orthopaedic subspecialty training were evaluated: (1) pediatric fellowship trained (2) trauma fellowship trained, (3) sports medicine fellowship trained, and (4) all others. Outcomes examined included time to surgery, surgical time, fluoroscopy usage, postoperative follow-up protocols, radiographic measurements of alignment, and complications between surgeon groups.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-one cases were included (mean age 6 ± 2 years). Pediatric fellowship-trained surgeons took patients to surgery in a more delayed fashion (>12 hours, P = 0.02). Surgical time and fluoroscopy usage were significantly shorter for pediatric fellowship-trained surgeons (P < 0.001). No statistical difference was noted in pin configuration constructs between the groups. Pediatric fellowship-trained surgeons, on average, saw patients two times postoperatively within a year with most patients being within 30 days. Complications were not statistically different between the groups.

Conclusions:
Pediatric fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons provide more efficient care on a more delayed basis for displaced supracondylar humerus fractures than other subspecialty-trained orthopaedic surgeons. However, if barriers exist that limit the practicality or availability of these specialists, nonpediatric fellowship-trained surgeons achieve similar and satisfactory outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Level III retrospective cohort study
Patient-reported Outcomes Associated With Preoperative Opioid Use in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Smith Evan , Klemt Christian , Sabeh Karim , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Opioid use is a public health crisis in the United States and an area of increased focus within the arthroplasty literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative opioid use on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) before and after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:
A total of 381 consecutive revision THA patients with both preoperative and postoperative PROMs were identified. Because of differences in baseline characteristics, 104 opioid users were matched to 208 nonusers using nearest-neighbor propensity score matching.

Results:
Propensity score–matched opioid users had significantly lower preoperative PROMs than the nonuser for hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score physical function (53.2 versus 60.1, P < 0.01) and patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) short form (SF) Physical (38.5 versus 43.2, P < 0.01). Postoperatively, opioid users demonstrated significantly lower scores across all PROMs: hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score physical function (58.1 versus 70.0, P < 0.001), PROMIS SF Physical (40.3 versus 48.4, P < 0.001), and PROMIS SF Mental (43.7 versus 53.2, P < 0.001). Propensity score–matched opioid users demonstrated an increased hospital stay (P = 0.04).

Discussion:
Revision THA patients who use opioids preoperatively have notably lower preoperative and postoperative outcome scores compared with propensity score–matched nonusers. As opioid use has the potential to be a modifiable factor, it would be important to counsel patients on the benefit of minimizing or eliminating opioid use preoperatively to optimize outcome after revision THA.
Quivers for 3-manifolds: the correspondence, BPS states, and 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theories
Authors: Kucharski Piotr 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We introduce and explore the relation between quivers and 3-manifolds with the topology of the knot complement. This idea can be viewed as an adaptation of the knots-quivers correspondence to Gukov-Manolescu invariants of knot complements (also known as FK or $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

). Apart from assigning quivers to complements of T(2,2p+1) torus knots, we study the physical interpretation in terms of the BPS spectrum and general structure of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories associated to both sides of the correspondence. We also make a step towards categorification by proposing a t-deformation of all objects mentioned above.
One-loop correlators and BCJ numerators from forward limits
Authors: Edison Alex , He Song , Schlotterer Oliver , Teng Fei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present new formulas for one-loop ambitwistor-string correlators for gauge theories in any even dimension with arbitrary combinations of gauge bosons, fermions and scalars running in the loop. Our results are driven by new all-multiplicity expressions for tree-level two-fermion correlators in the RNS formalism that closely resemble the purely bosonic ones. After taking forward limits of tree-level correlators with an additional pair of fermions/bosons, one-loop correlators become combinations of Lorentz traces in vector and spinor representations. Identities between these two types of traces manifest all supersymmetry cancellations and the power counting of loop momentum. We also obtain parity-odd contributions from forward limits with chiral fermions. One-loop numerators satisfying the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) duality for diagrams with linearized propagators can be extracted from such correlators using the well-established tree-level techniques in Yang-Mills theory coupled to biadjoint scalars. Finally, we obtain streamlined expressions for BCJ numerators up to seven points using multiparticle fields.
Three dimensional pure gravity and generalized Hecke operators
Authors: Ashrafi M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study mathematical functions of relevance to pure gravity in AdS3. Modular covariance places stringent constraints on the space of such functions; modular invariance places even stronger constraints on how they may be combined into physically viable candidate partition functions. We explicitly detail the list of holomorphic and anti-holomorphic functions that serve as candidates for chiral and anti-chiral partition functions and note that modular covariance is only consistent with such functions when the left (resp. right) central charge is an integer multiple of 8, c ∈ 8ℕ. We then find related constraints on the symmetry group of the corresponding topological, Chern-Simons, theory in the bulk of AdS. The symmetry group of the theory can be one of two choices: either SO(2; 1) × SO(2; 1) or its three-fold diagonal cover. We introduce the generalized Hecke operators which map the modular covariant functions to the modular covariant functions. With these mathematical results, we obtain conjectural partition functions for extremal CFT2s, and the corresponding microcanonical entropies, when the chiral central charges are multiples of eight. Finally, we compute subleading corrections to the Beckenstein-Hawking entropy in the bulk gravitational theory with these conjectural partition functions.
Phase transitions in perturbative walking dynamics
Authors: Azatov Aleksandr , Vanvlasselaer Miguel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the confinement-deconfinement phase transition in a toy model where the walking dynamics is realized perturbatively. We study the properties of the phase transition focusing on the possible cosmological signatures it can provide. Interestingly the model is well under perturbative control only when the mass of the lightest field — the dilaton/scalon is much lighter than the rest of the fields and the phase transition proceeds slowly leading to strong signals in the stochastic gravitational wave spectrum.
Dark matter bound-state formation at higher order: a non-equilibrium quantum field theory approach
Authors: Binder Tobias , Blobel Burkhard , Harz Julia , Mukaida Kyohei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The formation of meta-stable dark matter bound states in coannihilating scenarios could efficiently occur through the scattering with a variety of Standard Model bath particles, where light bosons during the electroweak cross over or even massless photons and gluons are exchanged in the t-channel. The amplitudes for those higher-order processes, however, are divergent in the collinear direction of the in- and out-going bath particles if the mediator is massless. To address the issue of collinear divergences, we derive the bound-state formation collision term in the framework of non-equilibrium quantum field theory. The main result is an expression for a more general cross section, which allows to compute higher-order bound-state formation processes inside the primordial plasma background in a comprehensive manner. Based on this result, we show that next-to-leading order contributions, including the bath-particle scattering, are i) collinear finite and ii) generically dominate over the on-shell emission for temperatures larger than the absolute value of the binding energy. Based on a simplified model, we demonstrate that the impact of these new effects on the thermal relic abundance is significant enough to make it worthwhile to study more realistic coannihilation scenarios.
Intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata: molecular layers of complexity
Authors: Li Ziqiang Patrick , Paterlini Andrea , Glavier Marie , Bayer Emmanuelle M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlasmodesmata are intercellular pores connecting together most plant cells. These structures consist of a central constricted form of the endoplasmic reticulum, encircled by some cytoplasmic space, in turn delimited by the plasma membrane, itself ultimately surrounded by the cell wall. The presence and structure of plasmodesmata create multiple routes for intercellular trafficking of a large spectrum of molecules (encompassing RNAs, proteins, hormones and metabolites) and also enable local signalling events. Movement across plasmodesmata is finely controlled in order to balance processes requiring communication with those necessitating symplastic isolation. Here, we describe the identities and roles of the molecular components (specific sets of lipids, proteins and wall polysaccharides) that shape and define plasmodesmata structural and functional domains. We highlight the extensive and dynamic interactions that exist between the plasma/endoplasmic reticulum membranes, cytoplasm and cell wall domains, binding them together to effectively define plasmodesmata shapes and purposes.
Interobserver reliability of the Gehweiler classification and treatment strategies of isolated atlas fractures: an internet-based multicenter survey among spine surgeons
Authors: Laubach Markus , Pishnamaz Miguel , Scholz Matti , Spiegl Ulrich , Sellei Richard Martin , Herren Christian , Hildebrand Frank , Kobbe Philipp 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Atlas (C1) fractures are commonly rated according to the Gehweiler classification, but literature on its reliability is scarce. In addition, evaluation of fracture stability and choosing the most appropriate treatment regime for C1-injuries are challenging. This study aimed to investigate the interobserver reliability of the Gehweiler classification and to identify whether evaluation of fracture stability as well as the treatment of C1-fractures are consistent among spine surgeons.

Methods
Computed tomography images of 34 C1-fractures and case-specific information were presented to six experienced spine surgeons. C1-fractures were graded according to the Gehweiler classification, and the suggested treatment regime was recorded in a questionnaire. For data analyses, SPSS was used, and interobserver reliability was calculated using Fleiss’ kappa (κ) statistics.

Results
We observed a moderate reliability for the Gehweiler classification (κ = 0.50), the evaluation of fracture stability (κ = 0.50), and whether a surgical or non-surgical therapy was indicated (κ = 0.53). Type 1, 2, 3a, and 5 fractures were rated stable and treated non-surgically. Type 3b fractures were rated unstable in 86.7% of cases and treated by surgery in 90% of cases. Atlas osteosynthesis was most frequently recommended (65.4%). Overall, 25.8% of type 4 fractures were rated unstable, and surgery was favoured in 25.8%.

Conclusion
We found a moderate reliability for the Gehweiler classification and for the evaluation of fracture stability. In particular, diverging treatment strategies for type 3b fractures emphasise the necessity of further clinical and biomechanical investigations to determine the optimal treatment of unstable C1-fractures.
Genetic mapping of Fusarium wilt resistance in a wild banana Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis accession
Authors: Ahmad Fajarudin , Martawi Nani M. , Poerba Yuyu S. , de Jong Hans , Schouten Henk , Kema Gert H. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBanana is an important fruit and food crop, but is threatened by Fusarium wilt, one of the most devastating soil-borne fungal diseases. Only host resistance facilitates banana cultivation in infested soils around the world, but the genetic basis of Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) is unknown. We selfed a heterozygous wild banana accession Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis (Mam, AA, 2n = 22) to generate a mapping population and to investigate the inheritance of resistance to Race 1 and tropical race 4 (TR4) that cause FWB. Phenotyping (N = 217) revealed segregation for resistance, and genotyping by sequencing resulted in 2802 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) that were used for genetic mapping. Combined analyses of these data showed that a single dominant resistance locus controls resistance to Race 1 and maps near the distal part of chromosome 10. Recombinants, together with the position of the putative resistance gene, were further analysed using graphical genotyping, which retrieved markers flanking a 360 kb genetic region that associates with Race 1 resistance. The region contains 165 putative genes on the reference genome, including 19 leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase-like genes. At the same position and phase, we also identified a QTL for TR4 resistance, showing that the locus for resistance against Race 1 provided partial resistance to TR4. However, this effect was far less significant and hence not included in the mapping. These data support the breeding of new banana varieties with resistance to Fusarium wilt.
Discrete versus homogenized continuum modeling in finite deformation bias extension test of bi-pantographic fabrics
Authors: Barchiesi E. , Harsch J. , Ganzosch G. , Eugster S. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 2D-continuum model describing finite deformations in plane of discrete bi-pantographic fabrics has been recently obtained by applying an asymptotic procedure based on a set of local generalized coordinates. Rectangular bi-pantographic prototypes were additively manufactured by selective laser sintering using polyamide as raw material. Displacement-controlled bias extension tests were performed on such specimens for total elastic deformations up to ca. 25%. Experimental force measurements, complemented by discrete displacement measurements obtained by local digital image correlation, were used to fit the continuum model. In the present paper, a global and minimal set of generalized coordinates, alternative to the one used for the homogenization, is introduced for the discrete model. The mechanical constitutive parameters appearing in the discrete model are then found by means of collected experimental data. Finally, a comparison between experiments, the discrete and the continuum model is presented. It is concluded that (a) the discrete model and the experimental data are in excellent agreement, and that (b) the continuum retains the relevant phenomenology of the discrete system even for a rather low number of cells.
The potential of wire feed pulsation to influence factors that govern weld penetration in GMA welding
Authors: Jorge Vinicius Lemes , Scotti Fernando Matos , Reis Ruham Pablo , Scotti Américo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDerivative welding processes are in many cases capable of altering phenomena that determine fundamental aspects of weld bead formation. Some of these evolutions act over the wire feed dynamics. However, in this scenario, the effects of the wire feed pulsation on the weld bead formation governing factors have not been fully explored yet. Therefore, this work aimed at examining how a wire feed pulsation approach affects the droplet transfer in gas metal arc welding and how its interaction with the molten pool defines the weld bead penetration. Bead-on-plate weldments were produced by varying the wire feed pulsation frequency, yet keeping the same levels of arc energy and wire feed speed, with the power source operating in constant voltage and current modes. To assess the droplet transfer behavior, high-speed imaging was used. The geometry of the weld beads was compared in terms of fusion penetration. The results showed that an increase in the wire feed pulsation frequency intensifies the detachment frequency of the droplets, being possible to accomplish a stable metal transfer with them straightly projected toward the weld pool, which contributed to a centralized-increased penetration profile. Based on a descriptive model, it was demonstrated that the increase in droplet momentum or kinetic energy, due to the wire feed pulsation, was not enough to justify the penetration enhancement. It was concluded that the wire feed dynamics can also stimulate surface tension variations in the weld pool and therefore disrupt the behavior of its mass and heat convection, supporting fusion penetration.
Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds
Authors: Cappelletti Martina , Presentato Alessandro , Piacenza Elena , Firrincieli Andrea , Turner Raymond J. , Zannoni Davide 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production of compounds with environmental, industrial, and medical relevance such as biosurfactants, bioflocculants, carotenoids, triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoate, siderophores, antimicrobials, and metal-based nanostructures. These biosynthetic capacities can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products from low-cost substrates (industrial wastes and contaminants), offering the possibility to efficiently recover valuable resources and providing possible waste disposal solutions. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also recently been pointed out as a source of novel bioactive molecules highlighting the need to extend the knowledge on biosynthetic capacities of members of this genus and their potential utilization in the framework of bioeconomy.

Key points
• Rhodococcus possesses promising biosynthetic and bioconversion capacities.
• Rhodococcus bioconversion capacities can provide waste disposal solutions.
• Rhodococcus bioproducts have environmental, industrial, and medical relevance.