bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of atmospheric cold plasma treatment on antioxidant activities and reactive oxygen species production in postharvest blueberries during storage
Authors: Ji Yaru , Hu Wenzhong , Liao Jia , Jiang Aili , Xiu Zhilong , Gaowa Saren , Guan Yuge , Yang Xiaozhe , Feng Ke , Liu Chenghui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlueberry is universally acknowledged as a kind of berry rich in antioxidants. Cold plasma, an emerging non‐thermal treatment technology, has been proved to be able to maintain or improve the antioxidant level while inactivating the microorganisms on the surface of fruits and vegetables. Postharvest blueberries were treated with atmospheric cold plasma (ACP; 12 kV, 5 kHz) for 0 s (Control), 30 s (ACP‐30), 60 s (ACP‐60), and 90 s (ACP‐90) in this study, and the effects of ACP on the antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activities, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were investigated during storage at 4 ± 1 °C for 40 days.RESULTSTotal aerobic bacteria and mold populations on ACP‐treated blueberries decreased significantly in a time‐dependent manner (P < 0.05), and decreased by 0.34–1.24 and 0.57–0.87 log10CFU g−1 respectively on ACP‐60‐treated blueberries during storage. The decay rate of blueberries was decreased by 5.8–11.7% and the decrease of blueberry firmness was slowed down by ACP‐60. But the total phenol, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid contents increased, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities were enhanced in ACP‐treated blueberries. The free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) were enhanced. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2−) production rates declined by 27.3% and 41.3% at day 40 of storage, respectively.CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that ACP may be a promising non‐thermal treatment technology for postharvest sterilization and preservation of blueberry under suitable conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Structural characterization of Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) polysaccharides and determination of their associated antioxidant activity
Authors: Li Wenmei , Wang Yajun , Wei Hailian , Zhang Yubao , Guo Zhihong , Qiu Yang , Wen Lingrong , Xie Zhongkui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUDThe Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is the only Lilium species that is used for both culinary and medicinal purposes in China. Its bulbs contain various bioactive substances, such as polysaccharides, saponins and colchicine. Lanzhou lily polysaccharides are known to have anti‐immunity, anti‐tumor and anti‐oxidation functions.RESULTSThe present study used a Box–Behnken design to optimize the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of Lanzhou lily polysaccharides. Compared to other enzymes, trypsin significantly increased the polysaccharide yields, whereas the protein content of polysaccharides extracted with trypsin was the lowest. Monosaccharide mainly includes glucose (> 50%) and mannose (> 10%). 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of Lanzhou lily polysaccharides extracted with trypsin were stronger than those extracted without enzymes (control). Structural characteristics of Lanzhou lily polysaccharides extracted with trypsin and extracted without enzymes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. When water extracted polysaccharide and trypsin extracted polysaccharide concentrations were 200 μg mL–1, Raw264.7 proliferation rates were 101.69% and 159.41%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe Lanzhou lily polysaccharide was identified as α‐(1 → 6)‐d‐glucan. Consequently, the effects of both potential antioxidant and proliferative activity of trypsin are significant. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of Perinatal Risk Factors for Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder
Authors: West Alisha N. , Kuan Edward C. , Peng Kevin A. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo identify medical risk factors associated with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD).Study DesignRetrospective case–control study.MethodsDuring a 2‐year period (2013–2014) patients with newly diagnosed ANSD were identified at a tertiary care facility. Twenty‐two patients (n = 22) were identified aged 0.5 to 8.1 years. There were 15 males and seven females. Sixteen had bilateral, four had left‐sided, and two had right‐sided ANSD. Two age‐matched, side‐matched, and gender‐matched control groups were then collected. The first group was 22 normal‐hearing children (n = 22). The second was 22 children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (n = 22) who did not meet the criteria for ANSD. The chart of each subject was reviewed for the following five‐predictor variables: prematurity, low birth weight, jaundice, use of mechanical ventilation, and administration of ototoxic medications. Analysis of variance was performed to analyze the prevalence of perinatal risk factors among the three groups. Multivariate linear regression was then applied.ResultsWhen comparing the ANSD group to both the normal‐hearing and SNHL groups, the subjects with ANSD had statistically significant higher rates of prematurity, low birth weight, jaundice, and mechanical ventilation. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of ANSD compared to each control group individually. Jaundice in the first month of life approached significance when comparing the ANSD group to the normal‐hearing group, and was the only medical risk factor found to be statistically significant when comparing the ANSD group to the SNHL group.ConclusionsA history of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was significantly more common in children with ANSD compared to children with severe SNHL.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:671–674, 2021
High Diagnostic Accuracy of Visible 5‐ALA Fluorescence in Meningioma Surgery According to Histopathological Analysis of Tumor Bulk and Peritumoral Tissue
Authors: Wadiura Lisa I. , Millesi Matthias , Makolli Jessica , Wais Jonathan , Kiesel Barbara , Mischkulnig Mario , Mercea Petra A. , Roetzer Thomas , Knosp Engelbert , Rössler Karl , Widhalm Georg 
Published: July 2020

Background and ObjectivesComplete neurosurgical resection of intracranial meningiomas is essential to avoid residual tumor tissue and thus minimize the risk of tumor recurrence. However, local recurrence of meningiomas is not uncommon mainly due to insufficient intraoperative detection of residual tumor tissue within the tumor bulk or peritumoral tissue such as bone and satellite lesions. Although 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) induced fluorescence was found to visualize the majority of meningiomas, no comprehensive histopathological assessment of fluorescing samples from the tumor bulk and peritumoral tissue is available. The aim of our study was thus to histopathologically analyze a large series of tissue samples derived from meningioma surgery to assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of visible 5‐ALA fluorescence.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively investigated a series of tissue samples with visible 5‐ALA fluorescence collected during surgery of intracranial meningiomas from the tumor bulk and peritumoral tissue including the bone flap, dura/dural tail, arachnoidea, adjacent cortex, and satellite lesions. The tumor diagnosis was established according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and all collected fluorescing samples were screened for presence of tumor tissue to calculate the PPV.ResultsAltogether, 191 tissue samples with visible 5‐ALA fluorescence derived during surgery of 85 meningiomas (63 WHO grade I, 17 WHO grade II, and 5 WHO grade III) were included. In detail, 158 samples from the tumor bulk and 33 specimens from the peritumoral tissue were investigated. According to histopathological analysis, the PPV of 5‐ALA fluorescence was significantly higher in samples from the tumor bulk (100%) as compared with peritumoral tissue (73%; P < 0.001). With regard to peritumoral tissue, tumor tissue was present in most fluorescing samples from the satellite lesions (100%), the bone flap (92%), arachnoidea (83%), and dura/dural tail (75%). In contrast, tumor tissue was absent in the majority of samples from fluorescing cortex (six of seven samples; 86%). However, distinct reactive tissue alterations were found in all six tumor‐free fluorescing cortex samples and additional vascular proliferation in two cases.ConclusionIn this largest series to date, visible 5‐ALA fluorescence is characterized by a high PPV detecting tumor bulk and peritumoral tissue in intracranial meningiomas. Thus, 5‐ALA fluorescence supports the neurosurgeon in identifying residual tumor tissue at relevant surgical sites to optimize meningioma surgery and minimize the risk of local recurrence. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
Fabrication of 2D Block Copolymer Brushes via a Polymer‐Single‐Crystal‐Assisted‐Grafting‐to Method
Authors: Mei Shan , Wilk Jeffrey T. , Chancellor Andrew J. , Zhao Bin , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBlock copolymer brushes are of great interest due to their rich phase behavior and value‐added properties compared to homopolymer brushes. Traditional synthesis involves grafting‐to and grafting‐from methods. In this work, a recently developed “polymer‐single‐crystal‐assisted‐grafting‐to” method is applied for the preparation of block copolymer brushes on flat glass surfaces. Triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(l‐lactide)‐b‐poly(3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) (PEO‐b‐PLLA‐b‐PTESPMA) is synthesized with PLLA as the brush morphology‐directing component and PTESPMA as the anchoring block. PEO‐b‐PLLA block copolymer brushes are obtained by chemical grafting of the triblock copolymer single crystals onto a glass surface. The tethering point and overall brush pattern are determined by the single crystal morphology. The grafting density is calculated to be ≈0.36 nm−2 from the atomic force microscopy results and is consistent with the theoretic calculation based on the PLLA crystalline lattice. This work provides a new strategy to synthesize well‐defined block copolymer brushes.
Azomite Application Does Not Positively Influence Water Quality, Phytoplankton Populations, or Zooplankton Populations When Preparing Mississippi Channel Catfish Nursery Ponds for Stocking
Authors: Mischke Charles C , Wise David J , Li Menghe H , Tiwari Ambika 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Azomite is a hydrated sodium calcium alumina silicate that is mined from a volcanic deposit in Utah. The product contains many micronutrients that may be beneficial in preparing catfish nursery ponds for stocking. In northwest Mississippi, a 5-week study was conducted to compare water quality, phytoplankton populations, and zooplankton populations in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus nursery ponds treated with Azomite at 0, 50, or 100 kg/ha. The study was conducted in 0.04-ha ponds during April, when fry ponds are prepared for stocking. Azomite application did not affect ammonia concentrations. Over time, nitrite concentrations increased more in control ponds compared to Azomite-treated ponds; however, nitrite concentrations were low in all ponds. Chlorophyll-a concentrations were also unaffected by Azomite application. The pH did significantly increase with increasing Azomite application rate. Azomite application had no effects on phytoplankton or zooplankton populations. Overall, there were no beneficial effects of adding Azomite to Channel Catfish nursery ponds in northwest Mississippi.
Bilanzen: von Diagnostika bis Wellpappe
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMehr Umsatz mit Biotech und Klebstoffen, aber weniger mit Emaille und Kunststoffverarbeitung brachte das Jahr 2019. Bei Exporten aus Deutschland standen Chemieprodukte an dritter Stelle, und das Deutsche Patent‐ und Markenamt sucht Mitarbeiter. Ein Rückblick mit Prognosen.
Schnelle Bewegungen auf Oberflächen messen
Authors: Tamtögl Anton 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWie sich Atome und Moleküle auf kristallinen Oberflächen bewegen, bestimmt oft die Kinetik chemischer Reaktionen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen hierzu sind selten, da die verfügbaren Techniken oft auf wenige Systeme beschränkt sind. Eine Ausnahme ist die Helium‐Spin‐Echo‐Spektroskopie.
Feuer, Funken, Farben
Authors: Lederle Felix , Hübner Eike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFunken, die nicht klassisch rot oder gelb‐ bis weißgolden gefärbt sind, können pyrotechnische Effekte bereichern. Dafür eignen sich vor allem Seltenerdmetalle, deren Funken sogar ihre Farben wechseln.
Stammzelltherapien – was ist dran?
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAuch wenn Kliniken – vor allem in den USA, aber auch in Europa – Stammzelltherapien anbieten, sind diese noch im experimentellen Stadium. Die Wissenschaft sieht zwar vielversprechende Strategien, hat aber bisher kaum medizinisch erprobte Rezepturen.
Vorspann Trendbericht Biochemie
Authors: Endesfelder Ulrike , Leidel Sebastian Andreas , Möller Arne , Schwalbe Harald , Trowitzsch Simon , Weigand Julia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInzwischen können wir die zellulären Prozesse in lebenden Zellen verfolgen, und zwar mit subzellulärer Fluoreszenzmikroskopie mit Auflösung im Nanometerbereich. Ob Ribosomen die richtigen Proteine herstellen oder eine Leseschwäche haben, lässt sich durch Ribosomenprofiling untersuchen. Und: Bisher haben intrinsische Dynamik und Heterogenität erschwert, die dreidimensionale Struktur von Multiproteinkomplexen zu bestimmen. Kryoelektronenmikroskopie erlaubt es nun, diese schwer greifbaren Maschinerien mit höchster Auflösung abzubilden.
„Die Idee war ziemlich erfolgreich“
Authors: Remenyi Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWolfgang Fritsche leitete von 1976 bis 1988 die Föderation Europäischer Chemischer Gesellschaften (FECS) als Generalsekretär. Diese Vorläuferorganisation der heutigen European Chemical Society wurde 1970 gegründet. Dass dort Chemiegesellschaften aus West und Ost unter einem Dach zusammenkamen, war maßgeblich Fritsches Initiative zu verdanken.
Dysfunctional bladder neurophysiology in urofacial syndrome Hpse2 mutant mice
Authors: Manak Imerjit , Gurney Alison M. , McCloskey Karen D. , Woolf Adrian S. , Roberts Neil A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsUrofacial syndrome (UFS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by detrusor contraction against an incompletely dilated outflow tract. This dyssynergia causes dribbling incontinence and incomplete voiding. Around half of individuals with UFS have biallelic mutations of HPSE2 that encodes heparanase 2, a protein found in pelvic ganglia and bladder nerves. Homozygous Hpse2 mutant mice have abnormal patterns of nerves in the bladder body and outflow tract, and also have dysfunctional urinary voiding. We hypothesized that bladder neurophysiology is abnormal Hpse2 mutant mice.MethodsMyography was used to study bladder bodies and outflow tracts isolated from juvenile mice. Myogenic function was analyzed after chemical stimulation or blockade of key receptors. Neurogenic function was assessed by electrical field stimulation (EFS). Muscarinic receptor expression was semi‐quantified by Western blot analysis.ResultsNitrergic nerve‐mediated relaxation of precontracted mutant outflow tracts was significantly decreased vs littermate controls. The contractile ability of mutant outflow tracts was normal as assessed by KCl and the α1‐adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. EFS of mutant bladder bodies induced significantly weaker contractions than controls. Conversely, the muscarinic agonist carbachol induced significantly stronger contractions of bladder body than controls.ConclusionsThe Hpse2 model of UFS features aberrant bladder neuromuscular physiology. Further work is required to determine whether similar aberrations occur in patients with UFS.
A guarantee rate optimization model for wastewater treatment system design under uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Kena , Ng Tsan Sheng Adam , Liu Xiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider a design problem for wastewater treatment systems that considers uncertainty in pollutant concentration levels at water sources. The goal is to optimize the selection of treatment technologies and pipeline connections, so that treated wastewater can achieve specified effluents discharge limits as well as possible. We propose a new two‐stage model to optimize a set of guarantee levels, that is, the maximum concentration level of source pollutants for which treated wastewater can be compliant with discharge limits. In the first stage, treatment technologies and pipeline connections are selected. In the second stage, when pollutant concentration levels are revealed, wastewater distribution and mixing are determined. A key attractiveness of the proposed guarantee rate optimization model is that it can be simplified into a single‐stage mixed‐integer linear program. In our numerical experiments based on real‐world pollutants data, the guarantee rate model demonstrates its advantages in terms of computational efficiency, scalability and solution quality, compared with the standard probability maximization model. Finally, the methodology proposed in this paper can also be applied to other two‐stage problems under uncertainty with similar uncertainty characteristics.
A surrogate model for computational homogenization of elastostatics at finite strain using high‐dimensional model representation‐based neural network
Authors: Minh Nguyen‐Thanh Vien , Trong Khiem Nguyen Lu , Rabczuk Timon , Zhuang Xiaoying 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWe propose a surrogate model for two‐scale computational homogenization of elastostatics at finite strains. The macroscopic constitutive law is made numerically available via an explicit formulation of the associated macroenergy density. This energy density is constructed by using a neural network architecture that mimics a high‐dimensional model representation. The database for training this network is assembled through solving a set of microscopic boundary value problems with the prescribed macroscopic deformation gradients (input data) and subsequently retrieving the corresponding averaged energies (output data). Therefore, the two‐scale computational procedure for nonlinear elasticity can be broken down into two solvers for microscopic and macroscopic equilibrium equations that work separately in two stages, called the offline and online stages. The finite element method is employed to solve the equilibrium equation at the macroscale. As for microscopic problems, an FFT‐based collocation method is applied in tandem with the Newton‐Raphson iteration and the conjugate‐gradient method. Particularly, we solve the microscopic equilibrium equation in the Lippmann‐Schwinger form without resorting to the reference medium. In this manner, the fixed‐point iteration that might require quite strict numerical stability conditions in the nonlinear regime is avoided. In addition, we derive the projection operator used in the FFT‐based method for homogenization of elasticity at finite strain.
Nursing education, virtual reality and empathy?
Authors: Dean Sue , Halpern Jodi , McAllister Margaret , Lazenby Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn empathic approach to patient‐centred care is a core of nursing practice. One of the methods to develop empathy, which is gaining currency is the use of virtual reality simulations in education. This paper posits some questions, does it simply reinforce a ‘type’ of patient, neglecting caring for the patient as unique, is empathy what results or is it pity, does it result in a greater distance being created between the patient and the health care provider? Can we ever really know what it is like to walk in a patient's shoes when what we experience through virtual reality provides a small snapshot of the vicissitudes of living with an illness or disability. We suggest that what matters most in simulations using virtual reality is how the student exits the experience and if they leave knowing just what patients ‘like that’ feel, or whether they leave with humility and curiosity.
Monitoring freshwater–saltwater interfaces with SAMOS – installation effects on data and inversion
Authors: Ronczka Mathias , Günther Thomas , Grinat Michael , Wiederhold Helga 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTA major problem for the freshwater supply of coastal regions is the intrusion of saltwater into aquifers. Due to extensive extraction of freshwater to suffice increasing drinking water demands and/or in periods of reduced groundwater recharge, the equilibrium state may be disturbed. The result is an upconing or movement of the fresh–saline groundwater interface, which reduces the local drinking water resources at coastal regions or islands. The saltwater monitoring system (SAMOS) is a vertical electrode chain installed in a backfilled borehole. It provides a solution to observe the transition zone in detail, both temporally and spatially. We present monitoring data of the first year from three locations ‐ with different geological conditions that show disturbances in the resistivity distribution that result from the drilling processes. A clayey backfilling, for example, can lead to beam‐like artefacts, and a mixed fluid within the backfilling changes its bulk resistivity, both leading to misinterpretations. We performed data inversion under cylindrically symmetrical conditions in full‐space in order to separate these resistivity artefacts from the undisturbed background. Data inversion reveals that it is possible to separate drilling effects on the resistivity distribution from the undisturbed background. Thus, an interpretation of the natural transition zones can be made immediately after the installation.
The Association of Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Hypertension with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Admission Among Mexican Patients
Authors: Denova‐Gutiérrez Edgar , Lopez‐Gatell Hugo , Alomia‐Zegarra Jose L. , López‐Ridaura Ruy , Zaragoza‐Jimenez Christian A. , Dyer‐Leal Dwigth D. , Cortés‐Alcala Ricardo , Villa‐Reyes Tania , Gutiérrez‐Vargas Rosaura , Rodríguez‐González Kathia , Escondrillas‐Maya Carlos , Barrientos‐Gutiérrez Tonatiuh , Rivera Juan A. , Barquera Simón 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study’s aim was to explore the association of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on admission.MethodsIn the present study, a total of 23,593 patient samples were evaluated by a laboratory from the Mexican Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference. Of these, 18,443 were negative for COVID‐19, 3,844 were positive for COVID‐19, and 1,306 were positive for other respiratory viruses. Severe types of respiratory disease were defined by the presence of pneumonia and other organ failure that requires intensive care. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with severe COVID‐19 on admission.ResultsPatients who tested positive for COVID‐19 had a higher proportion of obesity (17.4%), diabetes (14.5%), and hypertension (18.9%) compared with those without a confirmed diagnosis. Compared with patients without obesity, those with obesity showed a 1.43‐fold higher odds of developing severe COVID‐19 on admission, whereas subjects with diabetes and hypertension showed a 1.87‐fold and 1.77‐fold higher odds of developing severe COVID‐19 on admission, respectively.ConclusionsObesity, diabetes, and hypertension were significantly associated with severe COVID‐19 on admission and the association of obesity was stronger in patients < 50 years of age.