bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIF Facilitates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Through Up-regulating miR-133a-3p
Authors: Zhu Wenwu , Sun Ling , Zhao Pengcheng , Liu Yaowu , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yuelin , Hong Yimei , Zhu Yeqian , Lu Yao , Zhao Wei , Chen Xinguang , Zhang Fengxiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to explore whether exosomes derived from MIF engineered umbilical cord MSCs (ucMSCs) exhibit better cardioprotective effects in a rat model of AMI and the mechanisms underlying it. Results Exosomes isolated from ucMSCs (MSC-Exo), MIF engineered ucMSCs (MIF-Exo) and MIF down-regulated ucMSCs (siMIF-Exo) were used to investigate cellular protective function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and H9C2 cardiomyocytes under hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) and infarcted hearts in rats. Compared with MSC-Exo and siMIF-Exo, MIF-Exo significantly enhanced proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs and inhibited H9C2 cardiomyocytes apoptosis under H/SD in vitro; MIF-Exo also significantly inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis, reduced fibrosis area and improved cardiac function in infarcted rats in vivo. Exosomal miRNAs sequence and qRT-PCR confirmed miRNA-133a-3p remarkably increased in MIF-Exo. The biological effects of HUVECs and H9C2 cardiomyocytes were attenuated with incubation of MIF-Exo and miR-133a-3p inhibitors. And these effects were accentuated with incubation of siMIF-Exo and miR-133a-3p mimics, followed by p-AKT protein level up-regulated. Conclusion MIF-Exo enhance the effects on promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing fibrosis and preserving heart function, in vitro and in vivo. The miR-133a-3p and its downstream AKT signal pathway were involved in these biological activities of MIF-Exo.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Determination of Enterococcus spp. isolated from Hospital Environment in Iran
Authors: Marghmalek Saba Asgharzadeh , Valadan Reza , Gholami Mehrdad , Nasrolahei Mohtaram , Goli Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of the hospital environment as a source of pathogenic bacteria in recent studies has been poorly investigated. This study investigated the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence determinants in Enterococcus species isolated from hospital environment in Sari, Iran. A total of 90 enterococci isolates were identified and species identification confirmed with specific primers. Seven resistance genes and two virulence associated genes were evaluated molecularly by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 90 enterococcal isolates, 42 (46.66%), and 48 (53.33%) were identified as E. faecalis, and E. faecium, respectively. Also, 28 (66.6%) E. faecalis and 18 (37.5%) E. faecium isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among all 90 environmental isolates 54 (60%), 54 (60%), 8 (8.8%), 8 (8.8%), 60 (66.6%), 26 (28.8%), and 24 (26.6%) isolates contained tetM, tetL, vanA, vanB, ermB, aac (6´)-Ie-aph (2´´)-Ia, and aph (3´)-IIIa, respectively. Moreover, 88 (97.7%) and 16 (17.7%) isolates were detected as esp and ace positive ones, correspondingly. Conclusions: This report showed that the environmental isolates of Enterococcus are the major sources of antibiotic resistance genes that can transfer them to the clinical isolates of bacteria in hospital settings. An effective following strategy should be organized to clearance and stop emergence of these pathogenic bacteria.
Characterization and Development of Osmotolerant Caldicellulosiruptor Strains Targeting Enhanced Hydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates
Authors: Byrne Eoin , Björkmalm Johanna , Bostick James , Sreeni Krishnan , Willquist Karin , Niel Ed Van 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The members of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor have the potential for future integration into a biorefinery system due to their capacity to generate hydrogen close to the theoretical limit of 4 mol H 2 /mol hexose, use a wide range of sugars and can grow on numerous lignocellulose hydrolysates. However, members of this genus are unable to survive in high osmolarity conditions, limiting their ability to grow on more concentrated hydrolysates, thus impeding their industrial applicability. In this study five members of this genus, C. owensensis , C. kronotskyensis , C. bescii, C. acetigenus and C. kristjanssonii , were developed to tolerate higher osmolarities through an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) process. The developed strain C. owensensis CO80 was further studied accompanied by the development of a kinetic model based on Monod kinetics. Results Osmotolerant strains of Caldicellulosiruptor were obtained with C. owensensis adapted to grow up to 80 g/l glucose; other strains in particular C. kristjanssonii demonstrated a greater restriction to adaptation. C. owensensis CO80 was further studied and demonstrated the ability to grow in glucose concentrations up to 80 g/l glucose but with reduced volumetric hydrogen productivities (Q H2 ) and incomplete sugar conversion at elevated glucose concentrations. In addition, the carbon yield decreased with elevated concentrations of glucose. The ability of C. owensensis CO80 to grow in high glucose concentrations was further described with a kinetic growth model, which revealed that the critical osmolarity of the cells increased fourfold when cultivated at higher osmolarity. When co-cultured with the osmotolerant strain C. saccharolyticus G5 at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20h, C. owensensis constituted only 0.09-1.58% of the population in suspension.Conclusions The adaptation of members of the Caldicellulosiruptor genus to higher osmolarity established that the ability to develop improved strains via ALE is species dependent, with C. owensensis adapted to grow on 80 g/l, whereas C. kristjanssonii could only be adapted to 30 g/l glucose. Although, C. owensensis CO80 was adapted to a higher osmolarity medium, the strain demonstrated reduced Q H2 with elevated glucose concentrations. This would indicate that while ALE permits adaptation to elevated osmolarities, this approach does not result in improved fermentation performances at these higher osmolarities. Moreover, the observation that planktonic culture of CO80 was outcompeted by an osmotolerant strain of C. saccharolyticus, when co-cultivated in continuous mode, indicates that the robustness of strain CO80 should be improved for industrial application .
From Skirmishes to Protracted Battles: A Bibliometric Analysis About Human Beings and Coronaviruses From 1991 to 2020
Authors: Yue Ling , Fu Youjuan , Li Yuanquan , Huang Jiayi , Wang Yifei , Zhu Ziyi , Wang Zhiyang , Li Jing , Chen Wei , He Chao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 caused unprecedented literature upsurge, and the world has worked together to fight the epidemic.Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis to evaluate the research trends and reveal the core contents, based on publication outputs, geographical distribution, collaborations and hot keywords.Results: Our analysis revealed the following: (1) The publication outputs obviously increased after SARS and MERS outbreaks, while sharply on rise during COVID-19 outbreak. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 aroused more dramatic and prolonged upsurge. (2) Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 caused more widespread and powerful influences on countries or territories at short notice. Countries or territories displayed more international collaborations and communications to cope with the epidemics, and COVID-19 remarkably boosted the research advancements. (3) Given the keywords, we identified that multiple optional methods were used to cope with the SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the features of biology and immune responses.Conclusions: Epidemics extremely accelerated the research boom and evolution.
Helicobacter Pylori UreB Upregulates the Expression of PD-L1 through Myh9 /mTOR Pathway and Inhibits the Activation of CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Wu Jian , Wang Honghao , Guo Xia , Cai Qinzhen , Xiang Tian , Luo Wei , Xiang Yun , Liu Gao , Yuan Chunhui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Immune regulation mechanism of how Helicobacter pylori urease disrupting the homeostasis of host cells remains unknown.Methods: We thus detected the effect of Helicobacter pylori UreB on macrophage PD-L1 expression with recombinant protein and defective strains. The influence of UreB induced PD-L1 on CD8+ T cells’ proliferation and perforin and granzyme expression were assessed through co-culture model. Results: Urease subset B (UreB) significantly promoted PD-L1 expression in Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and thus blocked the proliferation and activity of H. pylori-primed CD8+ T cells. Myosin heavy chain 9 (Myh9) works as the receptor for UreB. The interaction between UreB and Myh9 promoted amino acid anabolism, activated mTOR pathway and induced PD-L1 expression in BMDMs. mTOR inhibitor Temsirolimus reversed UreB-induced PD-L1 expression and the inhibitory effects on CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: Our study reveals a hitherto-unknown immunosuppressive mechanism of UreB during H. pylori infection, provides clues for the development of H. pylori vaccine.
Comparison of Six Statistical Methods for Interrupted time Series Studies: Empirical Evaluation of 190 Published Series
Authors: Turner Simon , Karahalios Amalia , Forbes Andrew , Taljaard Monica , Grimshaw Jeremy , McKenzie Joanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The Interrupted Time Series (ITS) is a quasi-experimental design commonly used in public health to evaluate the impact of interventions or exposures. Multiple statistical methods are available to analyse data from ITS studies, but no empirical investigation has examined how the different methods compare when applied to real-world datasets. MethodsA random sample of 200 ITS studies identified in a previous methods review were included. Time series data from each of these studies was sought. Each dataset was re-analysed using six statistical methods. Point and confidence interval estimates for level and slope changes, standard errors, p-values and estimates of autocorrelation were compared between methods. ResultsFrom the 200 ITS studies, including 230 time series, 190 datasets were obtained. We found that the choice of statistical method can importantly affect the level and slope change point estimates, their standard errors, width of confidence intervals and p-values. Statistical significance (categorised at the 5% level) often differed across the pairwise comparisons of methods, ranging from 4% to 25% disagreement. Estimates of autocorrelation differed depending on the method used and the length of the series. ConclusionsThe choice of statistical method in ITS studies can lead to substantially different conclusions about the impact of the interruption. Pre-specification of the statistical method is encouraged, and naive conclusions based on statistical significance should be avoided.
Winter Grazing on Cotton Stubble Affects Grazing Behavior and Feed Intake of Ewes
Authors: Rehemujiang Halidai , Yimamu Aibibula 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:In this study, we investigated the effects of cotton (Gossypium spp) stubble grazing during winter on the feed intake, grazing behavior, and blood chemical parameters of Altay ewes in Xinjiang, China. Eighty adult and twenty-five young ewes grazed continuously on cotton stubble from sunrise to sunset for 90 d during the winter, without receiving any supplementary feed. We measured the biomass and components of cotton stubble before, and at 1 and 2 months of grazing; the ewes’ feed intake and grazing behavior at 1 and 2 months; and their blood parameters and immunity indices at the beginning and end of the grazing period. Results: The biomass of cotton stalk was 5486.08 kg/hm2 at the beginning and decreased to 4340.90 ± 917.10 kg/hm2 and 3599.09 ± 689.56 kg/hm2 at 1 and 2 months, respectively. The proportion of cotton leaves and boll shells in each component of cotton stalk decreased significantly (P < 0.05). At 1 and 2 months, the walking time of ewes was 93.58 ± 3.08 min and 115.99 ± 2.25 min and the distance covered was 6.8 ±0.92 km and 10.2 ± 2.30 km, respectively; both increased significantly during the late grazing stage (P < 0.05). At 1 and 2 months, the feed intake and dry matter digestibility did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The intake of digestible energy and digestible crude protein levels at 1 and 2 months in sheep were 7.91~9.58 MJ/d and 47.30~69.04 g/d, respectively, which were lower than the nutritional requirements of grazing ewes. Compared with those before grazing, the blood platelet count and iron concentration in ewes at the end of grazing decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the concentrations of free gossypol and aspartate aminotransferase significantly increased (P < 0.05). The most common activity of the ewe’s day was grazing, the grazing time of ewes accounted for over 60 % of the total pasture time. Conclusion:Owing to the limited feed intake and digestibility of cotton stubble in winter, the demand for digestible energy and digestible crude protein in ewes cannot be satisfied by grazing alone.
Effects of Different Ration of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder and Mulberry Leaf Powder on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Activity, Lipid Metabolism and Organ Index of Laying Hens
Authors: Li Tao , Shen Manman , Hou Qirui , Zhang Shaolun , Huang Haoling , Guo Peng , Wu Ping , Zhao Weiguo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of moringa oleifera and mulberry as animal feed satisfy not only a nutritional requirement for livestock, but also improve antioxidant status and prevent lipid oxidation. Different feed combinations could produce synergy effect in animals. The combination between moringa oleifera and mulberry may result in additive and/or synergic effects that enhance animal performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different ration of moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) and mulberry leaf powder (MLP) on the performance of laying hens. Methods: A total of 210 37-week-old F1 generation produced from Wenchang Chicken and Rugao yellow chicken were randomly divided into three groups (each group had 5 repetitions; each repetition had 14 chickens). The control group (C0) was fed basal diet, while test I (T1) and test II (T2) were fed basal diet supplemented with 2.5% MOLP + 2.5% MLP and 5% MOLP + 2.5% MLP, respectively. During the experiment, the laying performance, feed conversion, egg quality, internal organ index, antioxidant index and lipid indictors were measured. Results: The results showed that the supplementation of 5%MOLP and 2.5%MLP significantly decreased laying rate, albumen height, Haugh Unit and eggshell index compared with the Control group (P<0.05), whereas the supplementation of 2.5%MOLP and 2.5%MLP had no significant effect the above indicators. In the two supplemented groups, yolk colors were significantly increased. A significant decrease of antioxidant activity of serum triglyceride, lipid indictor of liver total cholesterol(T-CHO), and internal organ of abdominal fat index were also observed in 5%MOLP and 2.5%MLP group. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of SOD2 mRNA were significantly increased, while APOB mRNA were significantly decreased with the supplementation of MOLP and MLP. Conclusions: The supplementation of 2.5%MOLP+2.5%MLP in the local chicken diet had no side effect on egg production performance, egg weight and most egg quality, however, it could improve the yolk color and eggshell strength. The combination supplementation of MOLP and MLP may regulate the antioxidant status and lipid metabolism by regulating SOD2 and APOB gene expression. The supplementation of 2.5%MOLP+2.5%MLP was recommended.
Effect of Dietary Amylose/amylopectin Ratio on Diarrhea and Gut Microorganism of Weaned Pigs Challenged With Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: yang can , wang min , tang xiaowu , yang huansheng , li fengna , wang yancan , yin yulong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio (DAR) plays important role in piglets’ immune system. It is controversial whether diarrhea could be relieved by changing DRA in weaning piglets.Methods: A total of 60 (Landrace × Yorkshire) castrated male pigs (initial body weight 6.51 ± 0.64 kg) were allotted to 5 groups (1 pig/cage and 12 replicates/group) in a randomized complete block design according to their BW. Piglets were fed ad libitum with diets different in DAR (0.00, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80) for 28 days. Feed transition occurs at day 15. 100 μg/kg body weight lipopolysaccharides or same amount of saline were injected via abdomen on day 29, 12 h before slaughter. Results: Diarrhea rate and diarrhea degree were higher when DAR was 0.40 than in groups 0.20 and 0.80 during third weed (P<0.05). Iso-valeric acid of ileum decreased after LPS stress (P<0.05). Cecal iso-butyrate acid and iso-valeric acid concentrations increased after LPS stress (P<0.05). Iso- and valeric acid concentration of ileal chyme was higher in group 0.20 compared with other groups (P＜0.05). Cecal acetic acid and propionic acid concentration were higher in group 0.40 than in group 0.20 (P＜0.05). Alpha diversity of cecal microbial representative by goods coverage was higher in group 0.40 when compared with group 0.20 (P＜0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_ NK4A214_ group and Anaerotruncus in cecal chyme of Group 0.20 was significantly higher than that in Group 0.40 (P<0.05), with no significant difference compared with other groups (P>0.05). The abundance of Cetobacterium was significant lower in cecal chyme from Group 0.20 compared with pigs from Group 0.40(P<0.01), with no significant difference compared with other groups (P>0.05). Diarrhea rate during third week negative correlated with abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_ gut_ group and X.Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Diarrhea happened when weaned piglets received diet with DAR 0.40 during feed transition, but they will regulate cecal microorganism and metabolites such as acetic acid and propionic acid to restore their health.
Optimal Timing for Hospice-shared Care in Terminal Cancer Patients
Authors: Dai Yan-Mei , Huang Ya-Ting , Lai Min-Yu , Liu Hsueh-Erh , Shiao Chih-Chung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The optimal timing for initiating palliative care in cancer patients varied widely. This retrospective population-based study aimed to determine the optimal initiation timing of hospice-shared care (HSC), which maximizes the beneficial effects of quality of care (QOC) and medical expenses among terminal cancer patients. We extracted cancer patients who were in their last year of lives during 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2013 from a nationwide database. After the selection and matching process, 1,714 patients (67.7±13.2 years, 62.7% male) were enrolled and categorized into the HSC group and usual care (UC) group (n=857 in each group). By suing the generalized linear mixed-effects model for comparisons between groups, we found that the HSC groups showed generally better QOC in the four indices (with emergency room visit, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and receiving chemotherapy) than the UC group in those who initiated HSC 8-60 days before death. The HSC group also had significantly lower medical expenses than the UC group in those who initiated HSC 15-90 days before death. In conclusion, HSC initiation before the last eight days and 15 days of lives were found to effectively improve QOC and save medical expenses, respectively, among patients with terminal cancer.
Comparative Analysis of Evaluation Parameters in Broiler Chickens Infected With Major Parasitic Species of Eimeria&nbsp;
Authors: Flores Rochelle , Nguyen Binh , Cammayo Paula Leona , Fernandez-Colorado Cherry , Kim Woo , Kim Suk , Min Wongi , Roy Anindita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Avian coccidiosis is a major disease within the poultry industry caused by species of Eimeria, an intestinal protozoan parasite. Body weight gain, intestinal lesion score, and fecal oocyst shedding are parameters that have been used to assess the protective effects of various treatments in Eimeria-infected chickens. The objective of this study was to compare the aforementioned parameters in broiler chickens infected with major parasitic species of Eimeria, such as E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella. Results: The results of the body weight gain, intestinal lesion score, and fecal oocyst shedding showed similar patterns between female and male broilers infected with Eimeria species. However, there was a difference in body weight gain between normal females and males, and also between Eimeria-infected females and males. When broilers were infected with 1×104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species, each Eimeria species induced distinct changes in body weight gain, lesion score, and fecal oocyst shedding. In addition, a lesion score of approximately 3 was more closely related to body weight gain than a lesion score of approximately 2. Conclusion: These results suggest that certain levels of lesion severity are more closely related to body weight gain.
Genetic and Process Engineering Strategies for Enhanced Recombinant N-glycoprotein Production in Bacteria
Authors: Pratama Fenryco , Linton Dennis , Dixon Neil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe production of N-linked glycoproteins in genetically amenable bacterial hosts offers great potential for reduced cost, faster/simpler bioprocesses, greater customisation and utility for distributed manufacturing of glycoconjugate vaccines and glycoprotein therapeutics. Efforts to optimize production hosts have included heterologous expression of glycosylation enzymes, metabolic engineering, use of alternative secretion pathways, and attenuation of gene expression. However, a major bottleneck to enhance glycosylation efficiency, which limits the utility of the other improvements is the impact of target protein sequon accessibility during glycosylation.ResultsHere, we explore a series genetic and process engineering strategies to increase recombinant N-linked glycosylation mediated by the Campylobacter-derived PglB oligosaccharyltransferase in Escherichia coli. Strategies include increasing membrane residency time of the target protein by modifying the cleavage site of its secretion signal, and modulating protein folding in the periplasm by use of oxygen limitation or strains with compromised oxidoreductases or disulphide-bond isomerase activity. These approaches could achieve up to 90% improvement in glycosylation efficiency. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that supplementation with the chemical oxidant cystine enhanced glycoprotein production and improved cell fitness in the oxidoreductase knock out strain.ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated that improved glycosylation in the heterologous host could be achieved by mimicking the coordination between protein translocation, folding and glycosylation observed in native such as Campylobacter jejuni and mammalian hosts. Furthermore, it provides insight into strain engineering and bioprocess strategy, to improve glycoprotein yield and to avoid physiological burden of unfolded protein stress to cell growth. The process and genetic strategies identified herein will inform further optimisation and scale-up of heterologous recombinant N-glycoprotein production