bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Facilitates Indium Oxide CO2 Photocatalysis
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Truong , Yan Tingjiang , Wang Lu , Loh Joel Yi Yang , Duchesne Paul N. , Mao Chengliang , Li Pei‐Cheng , Ali Feysal M. , Xia Meikun , Ghoussoub Mireille , Kherani Nazir P. , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanoscale titanium nitride TiN is a metallic material that can effectively harvest sunlight over a broad spectral range and produce high local temperatures via the photothermal effect. Nanoscale indium oxide‐hydroxide, In2O3−x(OH)y, is a semiconducting material capable of photocatalyzing the hydrogenation of gaseous CO2; however, its wide electronic bandgap limits its absorption of photons to the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum. Herein, the benefits of both nanomaterials in a ternary heterostructure: TiN@TiO2@In2O3−x(OH)y are combined. This heterostructured material synergistically couples the metallic TiN and semiconducting In2O3−x(OH)y phases via an interfacial semiconducting TiO2 layer, allowing it to drive the light‐assisted reverse water gas shift reaction at a conversion rate greatly surpassing that of its individual components or any binary combinations thereof.
Nanometric Chemical Analysis of Beam‐Sensitive Materials: A Case Study of STEM‐EDX on Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kosasih Felix Utama , Cacovich Stefania , Divitini Giorgio , Ducati Caterina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantitative chemical analysis on the nanoscale provides valuable information on materials and devices which can be used to guide further improvements to their performance. In particular, emerging families of technologically relevant composite materials such as organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites and metal‐organic frameworks stand to benefit greatly from such characterization. However, these nanocomposites are also vulnerable to damage induced by analytical probes such as electron, X‐ray, or neutron beams. Here the effect of electrons on a model hybrid halide perovskite is investigated, focusing on the acquisition parameters appropriate for energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM‐EDX). The acquisition parameters are systematically varied to examine the relationship between electron dose, data quality, and beam damage. Five metrics are outlined to assess the quality of STEM‐EDX data and severity of beam damage, further validated by dark field STEM imaging. Loss of iodine through vacancy creation is found to be the primary manifestation of electron beam damage in the perovskite specimen, and iodine content is seen to decrease exponentially with electron dose. This work demonstrates data acquisition and analysis strategies that can be used for studying electron beam damage and for achieving reliable quantification for a broad range of beam‐sensitive materials.
Indo‐AsianEriolaenaexpanded to include two Malagasy genera, and other generic realignments based on molecular phylogenetics of Dombeyoideae (Malvaceae)
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. , Wurdack Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMolecular phylogenetic analyses of Malvaceae subfamily Dombeyoideae based on a 6‐marker dataset sampling all 21 currently accepted genera (including extinctAstyria) yielded improved resolution and evidence for multiple generic circumscription problems. The taxonomy of the subfamily is adjusted with the synonymization of 10 genera (eight in current use) and the description of one new one, for a revised Dombeyoideae comprised of 14 genera and supported by morphological, anatomical, and/or palynological evidence.Eriolaenais expanded from a narrow Indo‐Asian group to include the Malagasy endemic generaHelmiopsisandHelmiopsiella, and a recently described species from continental Africa. A conspectus is presented of the new broadly circumscribedEriolaenawith 27 species (28 taxa, including 3 new Malagasy species and 16 new combinations) and defined by a unique winged‐seed morphology. A new monotypic Malagasy genus (Hafotra), resolved as sister toEriolaena, is described. A conspectus is presented of a broadly circumscribed Mascarene‐MalagasyRuizia(+AstyriaandTrochetia, with 13 new combinations). Two other genera are expanded and recircumscribed:Melhania(+TrochetiopsisandParamelhania, with one new name and two new combinations) andCorchoropsis(+Paradombeya, with two new combinations). Additionally, two genera are typified, and 21 names are lectotypified.
Controlled‐Potential‐Based Electrochemical Sulfide Sensors: A Review
Authors: Shah Syed Shaheen , Aziz Md. Abdul , Oyama Munetaka , Al‐Betar Abdul‐Rahman F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to their potential applications in industry and potent toxicity to the environment, sulfides and their detection have attracted the attention of researchers. To date, a large number of controlled‐potential techniques for electrochemical sulfide sensors have been developed, thanks to their simplicity, reasonable limit of detection (LOD), and good selectivity. Different researchers have applied different strategies for developing selective and sensitive sulfide sensors. However, there has been no systematic review on controlled‐potential techniques for sulfide sensing. In light of this absence, the main aim of this review article is to summarize various strategies for detecting sulfide in different media. The efficiencies of the developed sulfide sensors for detecting sulfide in its various forms are determined, and the essential parameters, including sensing strategies, working electrodes, detection media, pH, LOD, sensitivity, and linear detection range, are emphasized in particular. Future research in this area is also recommended. It is expected that this review will act as a basis for further research on the fabrication of sulfide sensors for practical applications.
Mining germplasm panels and phenotypic datasets to identify loci for resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean
Authors: Van Kyujung , Rolling William , Biyashev Ruslan M. , Matthiesen Rashelle L. , Abeysekara Nilwala S. , Robertson Alison E. , Veney Deloris J. , Dorrance Anne E. , McHale Leah K. , Saghai Maroof M. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhytophthora sojae causes Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean and has been primarily managed through deployment of qualitative Resistance to P. sojae genes (Rps genes). The effectiveness of each individual or combination of Rps gene(s) depends on the diversity and pathotypes of the P. sojae populations present. Due to the complex nature of P. sojae populations, identification of more novel Rps genes is needed. In this study, phenotypic data from previous studies of 16 panels of plant introductions (PIs) were analyzed. Panels 1 and 2 consisted of 448 Glycine max and 520 G. soja, which had been evaluated for Rps gene response with a combination of P. sojae isolates. Panels 3 and 4 consisted of 429 and 460 G. max PIs, respectively, which had been evaluated using individual P. sojae isolates with complex virulence pathotypes. Finally, Panels 5–16 (376 G. max PIs) consisted of data deposited in the USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection from evaluations with 12 races of P. sojae. Using these panels, genome‐wide association (GWA) analyses were carried out by combining phenotypic and SoySNP50K genotypic data. GWA models identified two, two, six, and seven novel Rps loci with Panels 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. A total of 58 novel Rps loci were identified using Panels 5–16. Genetic and phenotypic dissection of these loci may lead to the characterization of novel Rps genes that can be effectively deployed in new soybean cultivars against diverse P. sojae populations.
Data‐driven modeling for fatigue loads of large‐scale wind turbines under active power regulation
Authors: Yang Jian , Zheng Songyue , Song Dongran , Su Mei , Yang Xuebing , Joo Young Hoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvanced control methods for coordinatively optimizing active power dispatch and fatigue load distribution of wind turbines (WTs) in mountain wind farms, require the fatigue load modeling that has not been fully studied. This study proposes a data‐driven modeling method for fatigue loads of large‐scale WT under active power regulation. Firstly, load simulations based on Monte Carlo approach are conducted to overcome the uncertainty of fatigue load caused by turbulent wind. Subsequently, the target components of WT are selected according to the fatigue load dataset distribution at various power setpoints and the sensitivity to active power. Specifically, the Jarque–Bera statistic is used to evaluate the distribution characteristics of datasets; the single‐value processing determines the valid value through the maximum probability of the Gaussian kernel density distribution of the dataset; the Morris screening is employed to select the valid value with high sensitivity to active power regulation. Afterwards, arbitrary polynomial chaos expansion and support vector regression are performed to establish the data model of fatigue loads, respectively. Finally, the proposed method is applied into a 1.5‐MW commercial WT model designed by the manufacturer through the Bladed software. The obtained data‐driven model establishes a basis of simultaneously optimizing active power dispatch and fatigue load distribution, making it possible to reduce energy cost in mountain wind farms.
Accidental SO(10) axion from gauged flavour
Authors: Di Luzio Luca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An accidental U(1) Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry automatically arises in a class of SO(10) unified theories upon gauging the SU(3)f flavour group. The PQ symmetry is protected by the ℤ4 × ℤ3 center of SO(10) × SU(3)f up to effective operators of canonical dimension six. However, high-scale contributions to the axion potential posing a PQ quality problem arise only at d = 9. In the pre-inflationary PQ breaking scenario the axion mass window is predicted to be ma ∈ [7 × 10−8, 10−3] eV, where the lower end is bounded by the seesaw scale and the upper end by iso-curvature fluctuations. A high-quality axion, that is immune to the PQ quality problem, is obtained for ma ≳ 2 0.02 eV. We finally offer a general perspective on the PQ quality problem in grand unified theories.
Higher-Order Operators on Networks: Hyperbolic and Parabolic Theory
Authors: Gregorio Federica , Mugnolo Delio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study higher-order elliptic operators on one-dimensional ramified structures (networks). We introduce a general variational framework for fourth-order operators that allows us to study features of both hyperbolic and parabolic equations driven by this class of operators. We observe that they extend to the higher-order case and discuss well-posedness and conservation of energy of beam equations, along with regularizing properties of polyharmonic heat kernels. A noteworthy finding is the discovery of a new class of well-posed evolution equations with Wentzell-type boundary conditions.
Der Doppelsuizid – Teil 2: rechtsmedizinische und kriminalistische Aspekte
Authors: Holz F. , Verhoff M. A. , Deschins J. , Duttge G. , Parzeller M. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Begehen zwei Menschen infolge einer gemeinsamen Entscheidung Suizid, wird dies als Doppelsuizid oder gemeinschaftlicher Suizid definiert. Die rechtsmedizinische Begutachtung hängt von den Umständen des konkreten Einzelfalls ab und kann für die rechtliche Würdigung insbesondere bei Konstellationen, bei denen ein Beteiligter überlebt hat, wichtige Hinweise liefern.

Material und Methoden
Für einen 25-Jahres-Zeitraum von 1995 bis 2019 wurden retrospektiv alle Sektionsfälle mit vollendeten und versuchten Doppelsuiziden analysiert und, soweit erhältlich, mit den Ermittlungsakten abgeglichen.

Ergebnisse
Unter den erhobenen 23 Doppelsuizidfällen fanden sich 16 vollendete sowie 7 Fälle mit jeweils einem Überlebenden. In 83 % der Fälle handelte es sich um Ehepaare bzw. eingetragene Lebensgemeinschaften, in 13 % um Personen, die sich zuvor in einer psychiatrischen Einrichtung, und in 4 % um Personen, die sich in einem „Suizidforum“ im Internet kennengelernt hatten. Der Mittelwert des Sterbealters betrug bei den Männern 57,8 und bei den Frauen 63,4 Jahre. In etwa zwei Drittel der Fälle wurden Erkrankungen als vorherrschendes Suizidmotiv angegeben. Als häufigste Methode wurde eine Intoxikation gewählt. Am zweithäufigsten fanden Schusswaffen Anwendung, wobei ausnahmslos der Mann zuerst einen oder mehrere Kopfschüsse auf seine Frau abgab, bevor er sich suizidierte. Der häufigste Sterbe- und Auffindeort war das gemeinsame Bett der Suizidenten.

Diskussion
Im Gegensatz zu Suiziden i. Allg. wurden die Doppelsuizide am häufigsten mittels einer Intoxikation als sogenannte weiche Methode verübt. In Anlehnung an die rechtsmedizinische Literatur werden für einen Doppelsuizid typische Merkmale herausgearbeitet.

Schlussfolgerung
Doppelsuizide stellen seltene Fälle in der rechtsmedizinischen Praxis dar, wobei die Abgrenzung zu einem erweiterten Suizid (Homizid-Suizid) schwierig werden kann und zugleich unabdingbar ist. Hierfür ist eine ganzheitliche Berücksichtigung der Vorgeschichte, der rechtsmedizinisch erhobenen Befunde und der kriminalistischen Umstände erforderlich.
Cognitive enhancement effects of stimulants: a randomized controlled trial testing methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine
Authors: Repantis Dimitris , Bovy Leonore , Ohla Kathrin , Kühn Simone , Dresler Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRationalAt all times humans have made attempts to improve their cognitive abilities by different means, among others, with the use of stimulants. Widely available stimulants such as caffeine, but also prescription substances such as methylphenidate and modafinil, are being used by healthy individuals to enhance cognitive performance.ObjectivesThere is a lack of knowledge on the effects of prescription stimulants when taken by healthy individuals (as compared with patients) and especially on the effects of different substances across different cognitive domains.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study with three arms in which male participants received placebo and one of three stimulants (caffeine, methylphenidate, modafinil) and assessed cognitive performance with a test battery that captures various cognitive domains.ResultsOur study showed some moderate effects of the three stimulants tested. Methylphenidate had positive effects on self-reported fatigue as well as on declarative memory 24 hours after learning; caffeine had a positive effect on sustained attention; there was no significant effect of modafinil in any of the instruments of our test battery. All stimulants were well tolerated, and no trade-off negative effects on other cognitive domains were found.ConclusionsThe few observed significant positive effects of the tested stimulants were domain-specific and of rather low magnitude. The results can inform the use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement purposes as well as direct further research to investigate the effects of stimulants on specific cognitive domains that seem most promising, possibly by using tasks that are more demanding.
Transoral Thyroidectomy: Safety and Outcomes of 200 Consecutive North American Cases
Authors: Russell Jonathon O. , Razavi Christopher R. , Shaear Mohammad , Liu Rui H. , Chen Lena W. , Pace‐Asciak Pia , Tanavde Ved , Tai Katherine Y. , Ali Khalid , Fondong Akeweh , Kim Hoon Yub , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNorth American adoption of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has been limited due to concerns regarding the generalizability of published outcomes, as data are predominantly from Asian cohorts with a different body habitus. We describe our experience with TOETVA in a North American population in the context of the conventional transcervical approach thyroidectomy (TCA).Study designCases of TOETVA and TCA were reviewed from August 2017 to March 2020 at a tertiary care center. Outcomes included operative time, major (permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, permanent hypoparathyroidism, hematoma, conversion to open surgery), and minor complications. The TOETVA cohort was stratified into body mass index (BMI) classes of underweight/normal < 25 kg/m2, overweight 25–29.9 kg/m2, and obese ≥ 30 kg/m2 for comparative analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for odds of cumulative complication.ResultsTwo hundred TOETVA and 333 TCA cases were included. There was no difference in incidence of major complications between the TOETVA and TCA cohorts (1.5% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.75). No difference was found in the rate of temporary RLN injury (4.5% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.124) or temporary hypoparathyroidism (18.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.163) for TOETVA and TCA, respectively. Surgical technique (TOETVA vs TCA) did not alter the odds of cumulative complication (OR 0.69 95% CI [0.26–1.85]) on logistic regression analysis. In the TOETVA cohort, higher BMI did not lead to a significantly greater odds of cumulative complication, 0.52 (95% CI [0.17–1.58]) and 1.69 (95% CI [0.74–3.88]) for the overweight and obese groups, respectively.ConclusionTOETVA can be performed in a North American patient population without a difference in odds of complication compared to TCA. Higher BMI is not associated with greater likelihood of complication with TOETVA.
Gynecologists’ attitudes toward and use of complementary and integrative medicine approaches: results of a national survey in Germany
Authors: Grimm Donata , Voiss Petra , Paepke Daniela , Dietmaier Johanna , Cramer Holger , Kümmel Sherko , Beckmann Matthias W. , Woelber Linn , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Freitag Ulrich , Kalder Matthias , Wallwiener Markus , Theuser Anna-Katharin , Hack Carolin C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Despite patients’ widespread use and acceptance of complementary and integrative medicine (IM), few data are available regarding health-care professionals’ current implementation of it in clinical routine. A national survey was conducted to assess gynecologists’ attitudes to and implementation of complementary and integrative treatment approaches.

Methods
The Working Group on Integrative Medicine of the German Society of Gynecological Oncology conducted an online survey in collaboration with the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) in July 2019. A 29-item survey was sent to all DGGG members by email.

Results
Questionnaires from 180 gynecologists were analyzed, of whom 61 were working office-based in private practice and 95 were employed in hospitals. Seventy percent stated that IM concepts are implemented in their routine clinical work. Most physicians reported using IM methods in gynecological oncology. The main indications for IM therapies were fatigue (n = 98), nausea and vomiting (n = 89), climacteric symptoms (n = 87), and sleep disturbances (n = 86). The most commonly recommended methods were exercise therapy (n = 86), mistletoe therapy (n = 78), and phytotherapy (n = 74). Gynecologists offering IM were more often female (P = 0.001), more often had qualifications in anthroposophic medicine (P = 0.005) or naturopathy (P = 0.019), and were more often based in large cities (P = 0.016).

Conclusions
There is strong interest in IM among gynecologists. The availability of evidence-based training in IM is increasing. Integrative therapy approaches are being implemented in clinical routine more and more, and integrative counseling services are present all over Germany. Efforts should focus on extending evidence-based knowledge of IM in both gynecology and gynecological oncology.
Solidarität statt Rassismus in Chemnitz
Authors: Liebscher Stephan , Corvino Juliana , Hetmank Lisa 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel lotet die Chancen und Limitationen von Kollaborationen zwischen lokalen zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteurinnen und Akteuren sowie Forschenden im sächsischen Chemnitz aus. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Analyse und Gestaltung solidarischer Formen des städtischen Zusammenlebens, die im Nachgang der rassistischen Ausschreitungen im Spätsommer 2018 sowie als Alternative zu „Neuen Rechten Bewegungen“ entwickelt wurden. In experimentellen Räumen und Praktiken können spontane solidarische Reaktionen auf offenen Rassismus auch jenseits von medialer Aufmerksamkeit aufgegriffen werden und über krisenhafte Momente hinaus potenziell Zusammenschlüsse von Akteurinnen und Akteure schaffen, die sich für ein solidarisches Miteinander einsetzen. Anhand eines Lehrforschungsprojektes wird das gemeinsame Arbeiten an Kritik der lokalen Krisenaufarbeitung, solidarischen Visionen und konkreten Handlungspfaden illustriert und reflektiert. Mit diesen Überlegungen aus der transformativen Forschung tragen wir zur Diskussion um die Verzahnung von angewandter und kritischer Geographie bei.
Empirical fragility curves for Italian residential RC buildings
Authors: Rosti A. , Del Gaudio C. , Rota M. , Ricci P. , Di Ludovico M. , Penna A. , Verderame G. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, empirical fragility curves for reinforced concrete buildings are derived, based on post-earthquake damage data collected in the aftermath of earthquakes occurred in Italy in the period 1976–2012. These data, made available through an online platform called Da.D.O., provide information on building position, building characteristics and damage detected on different structural components. A critical review of this huge amount of data is carried out to guarantee the consistency among all the considered databases. Then, an in-depth analysis of the degree of completeness of the survey campaign is made, aiming at the identification of the Municipalities subjected to a partial survey campaign, which are discarded from fragility analysis. At the end of this stage, only the Irpinia 1980 and L’Aquila 2009 databases are considered for further elaborations, as fully complying with these criteria. The resulting database is then integrated with non-inspected buildings sited in less affected areas (assumed undamaged), to account for the negative evidence of damage. The PGA evaluated from the shakemaps of the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and a metric based on six damage levels according to EMS-98 are used for fragility analysis. The damage levels are obtained from observed damage collected during post-earthquake inspections through existing conversion rules, considering damage to vertical structures and infills/partitions. The maximum damage level observed on vertical structures and infills/partitions is then associated to the whole building. Fragility curves for two vulnerability classes, C2 and D, further subdivided into three classes of building height, are obtained from those derived for specific structural typologies (identified based on building height and type of design), using their frequency of occurrence at national level as weights.
A practical method for well log data classification
Authors: Kostorz Wawrzyniec 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, a method for well log data classification is presented. The method relies on a coordinate transformation to restructure the data in an optimal way and a quasi-probabilistic interpolation technique capable of smoothing noisy data. The approach does not require case-specific design, is computationally efficient and provides a statistical characterization of the classification problem. Consequently, transition zones between facies can be modelled in a realistic fashion and intermediate rock types can be identified with ease. Apart from being capable of classifying unseen data with high accuracy, the technique can also be used as an informative quality and consistency assessment tool for manually classified data. The properties of the method are demonstrated on a realistic test case study.