bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 12-Month Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Polymethylmethacrylate-Collagen Gel for Correction of Midface Volume Loss Using a Blunt Cannula as Measured by 3-D Imaging
Authors: Katz Bruce , Lehman Alayne , Misev Valerija , Vachon Ginny , Saeed Sidra 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Although polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-collagen gel is approved for correction of nasolabial folds, there are no reports characterizing safety and efficacy in the midface, an area where fillers are often used in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety and efficacy of PMMA-collagen gel for long-term volume restoration in the midface.

METHODS
In this prospective, single-center, 12-month study, 23 subjects with a pretreatment Midface Volume Deficit Scale (MFVDS) grade of 3, 4, or 5 were treated with PMMA-collagen gel. Efficacy was measured by the investigator and blinded reviewers using the MFVDS at 3, 6, and 12 months. Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (SGAIS) and physician GAIS (PGAIS) ratings were collected at 3, 6, and 12 months.

RESULTS
Improvement in the MFVDS score from baseline was significant at all post-treatment time points (p < .0001). All subjects with baseline MFVDS grades of 5 (severe) or 4 (significant) had a grade of 0 (none) or 1 (minimal) at 12 months. Subject GAIS (SGAIS) and PGAIS ratings of improved or much improved were 100% at Month 3 and were maintained at 12 months (PGAIS = 100%, SGAIS = 91.3%). All adverse events were minor.

CONCLUSION
Polymethylmethacrylate-collagen gel is safe and effective for long-lasting correction of midface volume deficit.
Vaginal Rejuvenation: A Retrospective Review of Lasers and Radiofrequency Devices
Authors: Juhász Margit L.W. , Korta Dorota Z. , Mesinkovska Natasha Atanaskova 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Vaginal rejuvenation is a topic of interest to multiple specialties, including dermatologists, plastic and reconstructive surgeons, urologists, and gynecologists. Evidence suggests that minimally invasive, energy-based devices—radiofrequency and laser therapy—are effective at vaginal tightening and decreasing symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and/or vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review was completed using PubMed in November 2018 with search terms “vaginal” or “vagina” and “rejuvenation” or “tightening” or “laxity” or “radiofrequency” or “laser,” as well as “genitourinary syndrome of menopause,” “pelvic prolapse,” “atrophic vaginitis,” “vulvovaginal atrophy,” “sexual function,” “urinary incontinence,” and “radiofrequency” or “laser.” Inclusion criteria were articles written in English and clinical trials or case reports/series dealing with human subjects.

RESULTS
We identified 59 studies (3,609 women) treated for vaginal rejuvenation using either radiofrequency or fractional ablative laser therapy. Studies report improvement in symptoms of GSM/VVA and sexual function, high patient satisfaction, and minor adverse events, including treatment-associated pain, swelling, or vaginal discharge.

CONCLUSION
This review demonstrates radiofrequency and laser are efficacious for the treatment of vaginal laxity and/or atrophy. Further research needs to be completed to determine which specific pathologies can be treated, if maintenance treatment is necessary, and long-term safety concerns.
A Multicenter Study to Evaluate Subject Satisfaction With Two Treatments of AbobotulinumtoxinA a Year in the Glabellar Lines
Authors: Schlessinger Joel , Cohen Joel L. , Shamban Ava , Jacob Carolyn , Karimi Kian , Maas Corey , Lane Vanessa , Coquis-Knezek Sarah , Meckfessel Matthew 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Real-world re-treatment intervals for botulinum toxins vary, but most subjects receive treatment less frequently than the manufacturer-recommended minimum intervals. In subjects receiving treatment with AbobotulinumtoxinA (ABO) less frequently, high levels of satisfaction and psychosocial improvements in well-being, self-confidence, and quality of life are observed.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate subject satisfaction with a twice yearly re-treatment schedule.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
This open-label, multicenter, interventional study evaluated subject satisfaction following injections of ABO 50 U in the glabellar lines at baseline and 6 months. The primary end point was subject satisfaction at 12 months. Secondary endpoints included subject satisfaction, FACE-Q scales, and glabellar line severity scale (GLSS).

RESULTS
Ninety-five percent of the 120 subjects were “highly satisfied” or “satisfied” with their treatment outcomes at 12 months. FACE-Q total scores suggested that subjects were less bothered by glabellar lines and felt better about their facial appearance with each treatment versus baseline. Approximately half of subjects had ≥1-grade improvement from baseline in GLSS at 12 months. Median onset of effect was 2 days.

CONCLUSION
The majority of subjects (95%) were satisfied with ABO treatment every 6 months; results were supported by high subject satisfaction, long duration, rapid onset, natural-looking results, and overall psychological wellness and safety.
The Correlation Between Immunohistochemistry Findings and Metastasis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Lobl Marissa , Grinnell Madison , Phillips Andrew , Abels Joshua , Wysong Ashley 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer. Only 2% to 5% of SCCs metastasize; however, those do carry a poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used by pathologists to characterize skin cancers and provide clinically useful information.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the potential prognostic associations between IHC findings and metastasis in SCC.

METHODS
Searches were conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed for articles published between 1999 and 2019. Search criteria included key words “immunohistochemistry” and “cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.” Six hundred and fifty-three articles were returned and screened, which ultimately left 31 for inclusion in our manuscript.

RESULTS
Thirty-one articles analyzed in this review included a discussion of the expression of a particular IHC marker and the associated risk of metastasis and/or clinical utility of IHC markers in SCC, especially metastatic SCC. Markers that had several or more studies supporting clinical utility were E-cadherin, podoplanin, CD8+ T cells, PD-L1, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Cyclin D1.

CONCLUSION
Immunohistochemistry profiling of SCC may be useful in select cases when providing a prognosis remains challenging and in identification of potential therapeutic targets for high-risk or metastatic tumors.
Correlation of Suture Diameter With Its Ability to Cut Through an Artificial Skin Model
Authors: Xiong Michael Y. , Bennett Richard G. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Sutures can tear through tissue, but little data exist on the relative ability of different suture gauges and suture types to cut into the skin.

OBJECTIVE
To quantify the relative ability of various sutures to cut into and tear through the skin.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
We tested 4 suture types (polypropylene, nylon, polyglactin 910, and poliglecaprone 25) at 2 gauges each (3-0 and 5-0) in their ability to cut into and tear through an artificial skin substitute comprised of a 1-mm thick silicone sheet. The force required to cut into and through the skin substitute was measured using a digital force gauge that generated a force–time curve. The suture diameters were verified using both a precision caliper micrometer and an eyepiece micrometer with the microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t-test and analysis of variance.

RESULTS
All 5-0 suture types required less force to cut into and tear through the skin substitute than their 3-0 counterparts. Among each suture gauge, there was no significant difference in tear-through force regardless of the suture type.

CONCLUSION
Compared with larger gauge sutures, smaller gauge sutures more easily cut into and tear through skin substitute.
Comparative Graft Survival Study of Follicular Unit Excision Grafts With or Without Minor Injury
Authors: Kwack Mi Hee , Kim Moon Kyu , You Seung Hyun , Kim NaRae , Park Jae Hyun 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND
Various types of follicular trauma occur during follicular unit excision (FUE). However, the effects of different types of follicular injury on graft survival have not been reported.

OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to evaluate the differences in hair follicle survival by the type of follicular injury, including paring, fracture, and bulb injury.

METHODS
Seven healthy patients who underwent hair transplant surgery by FUE were enrolled in the study. For each patient, 10 single-hair follicular unit grafts per injury group (paring, fracture, bulb injury, or intact) were differentiated. Using sharp implanters, 10 grafts of each of the 4 injury types were transplanted into mice, and the mice were sacrificed 5 months after transplantation. The skin was excised at each of the 4 locations, and newly formed follicular units were counted and photographed under a microscope.

RESULTS
Of 70 hair follicles in each group, the number of successfully engrafted follicles was 50 (71.43%) in the intact group, 36 (51.43%) in the paring injury group, 9 (12.86%) in the fracture injury group, and 31 (44.29%) in the bulb injury group.

CONCLUSION
Grafts with minor injury had a lower survival rate than intact grafts. Fractured follicles showed the lowest survival rate.
Male Preconception Marijuana Use and Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Harlow Alyssa F. , Wesselink Amelia K. , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Male marijuana use has increased steadily over the last decade, but its effect on risk of spontaneous abortion to our knowledge has not been studied.

Methods:
We analyzed data from Pregnancy Study Online, a North American prospective cohort study of pregnancy planners (2013–2019). During the preconception period, male and female participants completed baseline questionnaires on demographics, medical history, and behavioral factors, including marijuana use. Female participants identified pregnancy losses on bimonthly follow-up questionnaires and questionnaires completed in early and late pregnancy. We categorized frequency of male marijuana use in the 2 months before baseline as none, <1 time/week, or ≥1 time/week. We estimated the association between preconception male marijuana use and spontaneous abortion, adjusting for male and female confounders.

Results:
Among 1535 couples who conceived during follow-up, 9% of men reported preconceptional marijuana use <1 time/week and 8% ≥1 time/week. Nineteen percent of pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion. Compared with no use, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for male marijuana use were 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64, 1.7) for <1 time/week and 2.0 (95% CI = 1.2, 3.1) for ≥1 time/week. The association for ≥1 time/week persisted after restricting to couples where the female partner did not use marijuana (HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.3), and was stronger for losses at <8 weeks’ gestation (HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.4, 4.3) and among males aged ≥35 years (HR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.54, 11).

Conclusions:
Couples with male partners who used marijuana ≥1 time/week during preconception had greater risk of spontaneous abortion than couples with males who did not use marijuana.
FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE FORMATION AND SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE DURING INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB THERAPY FOR CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Goel Neha 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To describe the occurrence of full-thickness macular hole formation and spontaneous closure in a case of central retinal vein occlusion treated with intravitreal ranibizumab.

Methods:
A 67-year-old hypertensive man presented with acute central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema in his left eye for which he received intravitreal ranibizumab.

Results:
He developed a FTMH following the second injection, which was kept under observation. Recurrence of intraretinal edema allowed approximation of the MH edges which subsequently achieved closure with further intravitreal RBZ and formation of an epiretinal membrane.

Conclusion:
Full-thickness macular hole formation in acute central retinal vein occlusion after intravitreal ranibizumab, although rare, can occur in eyes with massive macular edema and absence of posterior vitreous detachment after intravitreal pharmacotherapy. Spontaneous closure of secondary holes can take place with improvement in visual acuity.
OCULAR INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH ELASTIC EXERCISE BANDS
Authors: Ng Caleb C. , Carrera William , Peng Michelle Y. , Agarwal Anita , Chen Judy J. , Johnson Robert N. , Jumper James M. , McDonald Henry R. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To discuss the mechanism of injury and characterize the clinical features of ocular trauma associated with elastic cord exercise equipment band injuries in a consecutive series of patients seen at a single vitreoretinal surgery practice.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of all patients who were treated for blunt trauma from 2013 to 2020 at a single vitreoretinal practice.

Results:
Thirteen eyes from 11 patients met the inclusion criteria of possessing ocular trauma secondary to recoil from exercise bands. Presenting visual acuity ranged from 20/16 to HM (median: 20/32). The most frequently observed anterior segment pathologies were traumatic iritis (54%) and angle recession (31%). The most common posterior segment findings were vitreous hemorrhage (54%) and peripheral commotio retinae (54%). Three eyes (23%) required surgical intervention. Follow-up intervals ranged from 0 to 10 months (median: 1.75 months). Visual acuity at last examination ranged from 20/13 to 20/400 (median: 20/40).

Conclusion:
A wide spectrum of serious ocular injuries requiring medical and surgical intervention can result from this form of blunt ocular trauma. The frequency of this event would be decreased by the use of sports goggles and careful inspection of equipment for wear and over use.
TRIPLE THERAPY WITH RITUXIMAB, INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN, AND INTRAVITREAL CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED RETINOPATHY: TTRIIC DOES THE TRICK
Authors: Hamdan Saif A. , Breazzano Mark P. , Daniels Anthony B. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
Melanoma-associated retinopathy responds poorly to currently-available therapies, with continued chronic decline in visual function being the norm, despite treatment. The purpose of this report is to describe the excellent response of a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy to a triple therapy regimen of rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal corticosteroids.

Methods:
Single interventional case report describing management of melanoma-associated retinopathy and the patient's response to this treatment. Retinal function was monitored by serial visual acuity, fundus exams, Goldmann visual fields, and electroretinography.

Results:
A 65-year old man presented with new onset photopsia, decrease visual acuity and nyctalopia in both eyes in the setting of recently-diagnosed Stage IIIB melanoma, initially treated with wide local excision and adjuvant interferon. He was diagnosed with melanoma-associated retinopathy that initially worsened during his course of interferon for treatment of the melanoma. We initiated triple therapy with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal corticosteroids, and this resulted in full return of electroretinography function and resumption of 20/20 visual acuity in both eyes.

Conclusion:
This is the first reported case of the utility of triple therapy with rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravitreal steroids for successful management of melanoma-associated retinopathy as demonstrated by improvement in acuity, symptoms, visual fields, and electroretinography.
DELAYED-ONSET STREPTOCOCCUS INTERMEDIUS ENDOPHTHALMITIS FOLLOWING ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR INTRAVITREAL INJECTION
Authors: Mercer Gareth D. , Politis Michael , Campagnoli Thalmon R. , Galic Ivan J. , Chen John C. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections is frequently caused by Streptococcus viridans organisms and tends to be aggressive. Herein, we present a case of postinjection Streptococcus viridans endophthalmitis presenting in an atypically delayed fashion with good visual outcome.

Methods:
Single clinical case report.

Results:
A 91-year-old woman treated with aflibercept for exudative age-related macular degeneration of the left eye presented to the emergency department with mild pain and visual acuity decline to counting fingers, pigmented anterior chamber cells and vitreous haze 7 weeks after her most recent intravitreal injection. She had no symptoms of systemic infection. The presumptive diagnosis initially was vitreous hemorrhage. Over 10 days of observation, she developed worsening pain and vitritis suggestive of endophthalmitis, leading us to perform vitrectomy with intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime. Vitreous biopsy was culture positive for Streptococcus intermedius, a type of viridans streptococcus typically associated with head and neck abscesses. The infection resolved and the patient's visual acuity returned to her baseline of 20/100, with no recurrence of infection after 4 months of follow-up.

Conclussion:
The virulence of viridans streptococci capable of producing postinjection endophthalmitis may vary widely. Infection ought to be suspected even in cases of delayed-onset intraocular inflammation.
Refractive outcomes and complications following angle supported, iris fixated, and posterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses bilensectomy
Authors: Vargas Veronica , Alio Jorge L. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
The manuscript presents a review of published studies regarding the outcomes, causes, and complications of phakic intraocular lens (pIOLs) bilensectomy.
All pIOLs will be explanted at some point, therefore is important to know the visual and refractive outcomes following bilensectomy.

Recent findings
There are few publications about the outcomes following pIOL bilensectomy; in all of them, cataract remains the main cause of bilensectomy. Other causes are endothelial cell density loss and pupil ovalization. The mean time between pIOL implantation and bilensectomy is longer in eyes implanted with an anterior chamber pIOL than in eyes implanted with a posterior chamber pIOL. There is a significant improvement in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity after bilensectomy. Some sight-threatening complications like retinal detachment and low endothelial cell density (ECD) after surgery have been reported. Current publications suggest that endothelial cell density loss is more frequent in eyes that underwent bilensectomy for an anterior chamber pIOL.

Summary
Good visual and refractive outcomes are achieved after bilensectomy, regular endothelial cell density measurements should be performed in all patients implanted with an anterior chamber pIOL to perform a safe bilensectomy.
A review of late intraocular lens opacifications
Authors: Kanclerz Piotr , Yildirim Timur M. , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
Phacoemulsification cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedure worldwide. In the majority of cases, intraocular lenses (IOLs) are implanted. Due to the increasing life expectancy and the fact that cataract surgery is performed in earlier stages, the anticipated IOL duration in the eye has increased over the last decades. The aim of this study was to review the types and describe the characteristics of late intraocular lens opacifications.

Recent findings
Calcification was the most commonly reported type of opacification in hydrophilic IOLs; it usually negatively impacted the visual function and required IOL explantation. Glistening manifested in hydrophobic acrylic lenses and was frequent in some IOL models. In most cases glistening and subsurface nanoglistenigs do not lead to a decline in visual acuity or require IOL exchange. Current studies indicate that fluid-related phenomena may induce straylight, leading to a decrease of comfort and quality of vision.

Summary
Several reports on late IOL opacifications have been published in recent years. In some cases, particularly in glistening, the development of the opacifications might be related to IOL aging. The influence of the fluid-related microvacuoles on the quality of vision requires further research.
Assessment of Lockdown Effectiveness in the Wake of COVID-19 in India Using the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average Model
Authors: Joseph Joel Joby , Paul Aby , Saijan Sanjo , Sebastian Stelvin , Joseph Jeeva , Vilapurathu Jobin Kunjumon 
Published: November 2020

Background
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global threat, and several studies are being conducted using various mathematical models to predict the probable evolution of this epidemic, which are subject to potential bias. In this study, we aimed to assess and compare the impact of lockdown among the Punjab, Delhi, and Gujarat states of India using the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model by comparing forecasted COVID-19 data with real-time data.

Methods
We analyzed the COVID-19 data of Indian states from the index case until May 17, 2020. Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (1,1,3) (0,0,0) model was used to forecast the possible cumulative cases until May 17, from data up to May 3, and compared with real-time data. Recovery rate, case-fatality rate, and test per millions of states were collated.

Results
The trend of cumulative cases in Punjab was moving downward below the forecasted lower confidence limit (R
2 = 0.9799), whereas the cumulative case trend of Delhi was moving along the forecasted upper confidence limit with the forecasted data until May 3 (R
2 = 0.9971) and the trend of cumulative cases was below the forecasted upper confidence limit (R
2 = 0.9992) in Gujarat.

Conclusions
In Gujarat and Delhi, the lockdown was not effective in controlling the rise in COVID-19 cases even after the 56th day of lockdown, whereas the Punjab state succeeded in preventing havoc of COVID-19. In lieu of lockdown, using facemasks and improving ventilation in closed workspace settings, crowded spaces, and close-contact settings are more pragmatic than keeping away from others in India.
A Child With Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Artery Aneurysm During Acute Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Rafee Yaseen , Abdel-Haq Nahed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common childhood cause of acquired coronary artery disease in the developed world. The diagnosis is often challenging, and atypical presentations may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We describe an 18-month-old toddler boy who developed clinical manifestations of KD with coronary artery aneurysmal dilatation and autoimmune hemolytic anemia during Epstein-Barr virus infection. The child had evidence of polyclonal activation of B cells that caused serological tests to be positive for different infections. Our case suggests an unusual immunological response to primary Epstein-Barr virus infection may lead to KD manifestation and coronary artery damage.