bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Study of the Long-Period Induced Geoelectric Field Caused by Magnetic Storms and Its Implication on Mantle Exploration
Authors: Wu Siyuan , Yao Shuo , Liu Jianjun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The ground induced geoelectric field caused by magnetic storms is not only a hazard, but also a helpful tool to explore the underground conductivity. Especially, the long period (>105 s, LP) induced field deserves more concerns as it could reach the mantle. However, the occurrence rate and the period range of the LP induced geoelectric field during different magnetic storms are unclear. This statistical work examines the occurrence and the period upper limit in the whole solar cycle 23. The geoelectric field and geomagnetic field measured continuously at Memambetsu observatory in Japan from 1989 to 2008 are studied. The LP electromagnetic field is identified by the wavelet coherence spectra. The results show that the LP induced geoelectric field stably occurred during magnetic storms in the solar cycle. The LP induced field in the first three months of each year is significantly different from that in the three months around super magnetic storms. The longest period of the induced geoelectric field during the magnetic storms is 9x105 s. The period upper limit of the induced δ Ey is larger than that of the induced δEx, which significantly increases with the storm intensity range. The distribution of the LP δEx on the magnetic local time is asymmetric. To quantify the potential application of such a LP electromagnetic field on the mantle conductivity, we check the uncertainty of resistivity from inversion under the condition of plane-wave for layered medium. We set the sources to be the ring current and the field-aligned current in their real scales. As a result, the apparent resistivity is obtained within 10% uncertainty by δEy, and within 20% by δEx.
Al Doped ZnO Thermoelectrics Determined from Electronic Structure
Authors: Wan Rundong , Jiang Quanwei , Zhang Zhengfu , Kao-Walter Sharon , Lei Ying , Tian Guocai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For the aluminium doped wurtzite ZnO, comparing the Boltzmann transport theory calculated results and existing experiments, we acquire a few properties that are inaccessible otherwise. We find that the doping makes the samples metallic as the shifted Fermi levels are above the conduction band edge. We further find that the contradictory conclusions from two experiments with similar formula can be attributed to the quite disparate carrier concentrations and carrier mobility and the carrier mobility strong relates to the sample preparation.
Multi-omic Characterization of the Taxa-function Relationship in Infant Gut Microbiomes
Authors: Nguyen Quang P , Karagas Margaret R. , Madan Juliette C. , Dade Erika , Palys Tom J. , Morrison Hilary G. , Pathmasiri Wimal W. , McRitche Susan , Sumner Susan J. , Frost H. Robert , Hoen Anne G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe infant intestinal microbiome plays an important role in metabolism and immune development with impacts on lifelong health. The linkage between the taxonomic composition of the microbiome and its metabolic phenotype is undefined and complicated by redundancies in the taxon-function relationships within microbial communities. To inform a more mechanistic understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and health, we performed an integrative statistical and machine learning-based analysis of microbe taxonomic structure and metabolic function in order to characterize the taxa-function relationship in early life.ResultsStool samples collected from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) at approximately 6-weeks (n = 168) and 12-months (n = 282) of age were profiled using targeted and untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as well as DNA sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. There was significant inter-omic concordance based on Procrustes analysis of sample distances (6 weeks: p = 0.056; 12 months: p = 0.001), however this association was no longer significant when accounting for phylogenetic relationships using generalized UniFrac distance metric (6 weeks: p = 0.376; 12 months: p = 0.069). Sparse canonical correlation analysis showed significant correlation, as well as identifying sets of microbe/metabolites driving microbiome-metabolome relatedness. Performance of machine learning models varied across different metabolites, with support vector machines (radial basis function kernel) being the consistently top ranked model. However, predictive R2 values demonstrated poor predictive performance across all models assessed (avg. R2: -5.06% -- 6 weeks; -3.7% -- 12 months). Conversely, the Spearman correlation metric was higher (avg. correlation: 0.344 – 6 weeks; 0.265 – 12 months). This demonstrated that taxonomic relative abundance was not predictive of metabolite concentrations. ConclusionsOur results suggest a degree of overall association between taxonomic profiles and metabolite concentrations. However, lack of predictive capacity for stool metabolic signatures reflects, in part, the possible role of functional redundancy in defining the taxa-function relationship in early life as well as the bidirectional nature of the microbiome-metabolome association. Our results provide evidence in favor of a multi-omic approach for microbiome studies, especially those focused on health outcomes.
Predictors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Mothers with Under 5 Years Malnourished Children in Kiribati
Authors: Reiher Antje , Mohaammadnezhad Masoud , Alqahtani Nasser Salem 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Malnutrition among under 5 years old children is a common public health issue in both developed and developing countries. As mothers are the key persons responsible for their young children, this study aimed to assess the levels and predictors of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of mothers of malnourished children less than 5 years old on South Tarawa, Kiribati. Methods: This study is a cross sectional prospective design. This study conducted in pediatric ward and public health clinics of 11 public health centers on South Tarawa in Kiribati and among 82 mothers with under 5 years old malnourished children who were admitted to the Pediatric ward and public health clinics. The knowledge, attitude and practice on breastfeeding, weaning, diet and immunization was collected using a self-administrated validated questionnaire. Bivariate correlation and linear regression were applied and the significance level for this study was 5%.Results: Majority of the mothers (66%) were 19-32 years old, 69.5% were Roman Catholics, 67% had attended high-school, 46% had husbands as breadwinners and 85% were married. The participants had a low level of knowledge and middle level of attitude and practice on breastfeeding, weaning, diet and immunization. Education level (r=0.319, p=0.004) and breadwinner at home (r=-0.239, p=0.031) were positively correlated with attitude. The results of linear regression were significant, F (2, 81) = 6.757, p= 0.002, r2 = 0.146, suggesting that education level and breadwinner accounted for 15% of the variance in attitude score. Conclusion: This study showed the importance of mothers’ attitude towards malnutrition. Encouraging female education could be a potential target for future policies to reduce malnutrition in Kiribati.
The specifics of family losses in pediatric oncology and the dynamics of grief during analytical psychotherapy in pediatric oncology patients who lost one or both parents
Authors: Guseva M. A. , Tseitlin G. Ya. , Zhukovskaya E. V. , Lebed O. L. , Rumyantsev A. G. 
Published: September 2020

Relevance. The experience of loss by a child receiving antitumor treatment is a factor in the development of psychopathologies.Purpose to study is to study the specifics of family losses in pediatric oncology; to trace the dynamics of grief during analytical psychotherapy in children who have lost one or both parents.Materials and methods. The study of the specifics of family losses was carried out by the method of retrospective analysis of the dynamics of family relations in 1298 families. To study the dynamics of grief in the process of psychotherapy, 13 children aged 3 to 13 years who lost one or both parents were selected.Results. Antitumor treatment of the child is accompanied by prolonged separation from one, less often both parents, and, in 13.3 %, the loss of a mother or father as a result of a divorce/death. Burning in all the examined children was complicated with the appearance of a number of somatic, emotional-behavioral, mental symptoms that worsen their physical condition and psycho-emotional status. As a result of psychotherapy, the child can react to suppressed negative emotions, which leads to the disappearance of symptoms of grief.Conclusion. The interaction of pediatricians, clinical psychologists, social work specialists is productive in order to provide timely psychotherapeutic assistance to the child before the manifestation of symptoms of complicated grief manifestation.
Resistance Exercise Versus Aerobic Exercise Combined with Metformin Therapy in the Treatment of type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Abdelbasset Walid Kamal 
Published: September 2020

Backgrounds:
Both exercise and metformin are used to control blood glucose levels in
patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while no previous studies have investigated the effect
of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in
T2DM patients.

Objectives:
This study was conducted to compare the effects of resistance exercise combined with
metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients.

Methods:
A total of fifty-seven T2DM patients with a mean age of 46.2±8.3 years were randomized
to three study groups; each group included nineteen patients. The first group conducted a
resistance exercise program (REP, 50-60% of 1RM, for 40-50 min) combined with metformin, the
second group conducted an aerobic exercise program (AEP, 50-70% maxHR, for 40-50 min) combined
with metformin, and the third group received only metformin without exercise intervention
(Met group). The study program was conducted thrice weekly for consecutive twelve weeks. Fasting
blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin
resistance (HOMA-IR), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were evaluated before and after
study intervention.

Results:
Significant differences were reported after the 12-week intervention inter-groups in the
outcome variables (p˂0.05). FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max improved significantly in the
REP group (p˂0.001) and also in the AEP group (p=0.016, p=0.036, p=0.024, and p=0.019 respectively)
while the Met group showed an only significant reduction in FBG (p=0.049), and non-significant
changes in HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and VO2max (p˃0.05). REP group achieved greater improvements
than AEP group (FBG, p=0.034; HbA1c%, p=0.002; HOMA-IR, p˂0.001; and VO2max,
p=0.024).

Conclusions:
Both resistance and aerobic exercise programs combined with metformin are effective
in controlling T2DM. Resistance exercise combined with metformin is more effective than aerobic
exercise combined with metformin in the treatment of T2DM.
Study of the Interaction of Zinc Cation with Azithromycin and its Significance in the COVID-19 Treatment: A Molecular Approach
Authors: Poupaert Jacques H. , Aguida Blanche , Hountondji Codjo 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
On account of the current COVID-19 pandemic, we have explored the importance of azithromycin and zinc in the treatment of the coronavirus disease by studying the interaction between the cation Zn++ and azithromycin with the tools of the semi-empirical quantum mechanics PM3 method.

Methods:
By this approach, the niche in which Zn++ is located was determined. Zn++ creates a strong clastic binding between an amine and a hydroxyl group located on the amino-hexose side-chain. Such an interaction serves as a shuttle and allows zinc cation to invade endocellular structures.

Results:
In this triple collaborative association, the role of hydroxychloroquine would be more that of a chaotropic agent at plasmic membranes, which facilitates access to the azithromycin-Zn++ equipage into key internal compartments.

Conclusion:
Finally, we show that both azithromycin and Zn++ are susceptible to play a direct role against the replication and the assembly of SARS-CoV-2 particles.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Dental Implants among Dental Interns in Saudi Arabia – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alzahrani Khaled , Alnafisah Abdulrahman Mohammed , Alzahrani Khalid Gohormallah , Alharbi Khalid Ghalib 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
The aim of the study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of dental implants among dental interns in Saudi Arabia

Materials and Methods:
A self-designed, close-ended questionnaire was distributed among 205 interns chosen by stratified random sampling technique. The questionnaire consisted of 28 items pertaining to demographic characteristics, knowledge and practices of dental implants. Responses were coded and entered into spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel 16.0.) and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Version 22.0) and contingency tables and chi-square test (χ2).

Results:
The majority of the participants were males (64.4%), between 24-26 years of age (64%) and had a GPA between 4-5 (63.4%). The majority of the participants gained knowledge of dental implants through theoretical lectures (98.5%), and most of them (80%) knew, what material, an implant was made up of. Almost all participants (91.7%) knew that dental implants had surface modifications. Most (64.4%) believed that case selection is the most important criteria for the success of dental implant therapy, and this differed significantly among participants with respect to GPA (p=0.03). Many participants (60%) believed that the most important advantage of dental implants over fixed prosthesis is that reduction of adjacent tooth is not needed, and this differed significantly between males and females (p=0.026). There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between males and females when it came to confidence in independently restoring teeth using dental implants. 63% of the participants were confident to use dental implants in their future practice.

Conclusion:
Knowledge of dental implants among dental interns is satisfactory, but this study reveals that participants lack practical experience and would like to acquire more clinical skills.

Limitations:
The response rate of participants from each university was low, which made comparisons between different universities difficult because sample size from some universities was very small, which could not produce statistically accurate results.
Healing Process with the use of a New Resorbable Synthetic Membrane
Authors: Alain Hoornaert , Christophe Rignont-Bret , Héléne Le hecho , Fabienne Wocjtiuk , Bénédicte Enkel , Pierre Layrolle 
Published: September 2020

Background:Currently, absorbable membranes tend to be used most frequently for guided bone regeneration. They have many advantages and the most commonly reported complication is early exposure.Objective:This retrospective study reports the healing process of soft tissues over a four-week period using synthetic absorbable membranes.Study Design:One-hundred and ten cases were included. Soft tissue healing was assessed from anonymized photographs, in accordance with the criteria of the Early Healing Index (EHI) (Watchelet al., 2003). Cohen's Kappa (K) test was used to estimate the reliability of the measures and the variability between the examiners. Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the combination of healing outcomes with respect to the type of surgical intervention.Results:At 1-week, 81% of the cases showed a Primary Closure (PC) when the membrane was not initially exposed. The score increased to 98% at 4-weeks. Healing at 1-week varied significantly according to the type of intervention, with 73% of primary closure for bone augmentation during implantation, versus 60% for bone augmentation before implantation and 46% for alveolar preservation (Chi-square test, p = 0.049). No statistically significant differences in the healing process were observed between the smoking and non-smoking groups.Conclusion:This clinical study shows that the safety and exposure rates of this new synthetic membrane are comparable to the data gathered in the literature concerning non-cross-linked collagenous membranes.
Integrated Management of HIV and NCDs within the Primary Health Care in the South African Context: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Murudi-Manganye Nthuseni Sharon , Makhado Lufuno , Sehularo Leepile Alfred 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Low and middle-income countries, including South Africa, are facing a challenge of the dual burden of chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases, which again pose a challenge to the improvement of patients’ clinical outcomes in the primary health care facilities. The introduction of innovative intervention to address the dual burden in South Africa created a challenge on nurses working at primary health care facilities to acquire a new set of skills to improve patients’ clinical outcomes. HIV programmes have shown great improvement in patients with HIV. However, there is still much to be done to improve NCD management. The aim of this review was to understand the status of integrated management of HIV and NCDs in South Africa and document the strengths and opportunities to sustain the implementation of integrated management of HIV and NCDs in PHC facilities in South Africa.

Methodology:
A comprehensive literature review of integrated management of HIV and NCDs in South Africa was conducted and complemented with a hand search literature in the form of policy documents and guidelines that were obtained from the National Department of Health.

Results:
A total of 17 out of 183 documents were analysed. Various strengths and opportunities, such as availability of approved guidelines and standardised training for nurses, are essential for the sustainability of integrated management of HIV and NCDs in Primary Health care facilities in South Africa.

Conclusion:
The CLR revealed that South Africa has strengths and opportunities which can be used to sustain integrated management of HIV and NCDs at PHC facilities and develop a model to strengthen the implementation of integrated management of HIV and NCDs in other provinces with minimal resources.
Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors Among Young Adults: A STEPwise-Approach-Based Study in Three University Setups in Morocco
Authors: Loukili Hamza , Malka Gabriel , Landrault Helene , Frej Driss , Amine Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Although chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, are more likely to emerge during adulthood, their development begins earlier during childhood and adolescence. In this respect, we explored cardiovascular disease risk factors among students in three elite schools in Morocco.

Method:
The data collecting process was carried out using the French version of the STEPwise approach developed by the WHO to monitor Non-Communicable Diseases risk factors, producing thus standardized data and allowing wide comparability across similar studies. The investigation was conducted through on-site and online configurations. We only relied on the first and second sequences of the STEPS questionnaire in order to collect behavioral and physical data, on which our analysis was based. The choice of the population of Moroccan high intellectual potential youth is interesting, as they represent future physicians and leading engineers of tomorrow.

Results:
A total number of 325 subjects were surveyed. The prevalence of auto-reported diabetes and hypertension was respectively 3.31% and 8.54%. Alarmingly, a large proportion of respondents had undiagnosed hypertension. Besides, the prevalence of obesity was found to reach 6.17%, with no significant difference between gender groups.

Conclusion:
Hypertension appears to be largely undiagnosed which urges taking actions towards raising awareness among youth about chronic diseases and their risk factors as well as highlighting their preventability to prevent their future development.
Peripheral Blood Oxygen Saturation: A Non-invasive Prognostic Marker in Cancer Patients Treated with Radiation Therapy- A Pilot Study
Authors: David Savitha , Lokesh V 
Published: September 2020

Aims:
1. To evaluate the prognostic value of SpO2 in cancer patients 2. To correlate between daily SpO2 values and tumor response to radiation.

Background:
Tumor hypoxia is an important prognostic factor in Oncology. It plays an important role in tumorogenesis, radiation resistance and tumor progression. Many invasive and in-vitro methods are available to assess the hypo-oxygenated status of tumors.

Objective:
We evaluated if SpO2 values measured from pulse oximetry could be used as an adjunct prognostic and predictive factor in oncology patients.

Methods:
Ten consecutive patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic disease were evaluated. Daily SpO2 measurements throughout the treatment and weekly haemoglobin values were noted. All patients received radical intent radiation therapy. Patients were categorised into two groups: poor SpO2 (<97mmHg) and better SpO2 (≥98mmHg).

Results:
Tumour response was higher in patients with better SpO2 (≥98mmHg). Patients with poor SpO2 (<97mmHg) presented with bulkier disease at diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Role of SpO2 as a prognostic and predictive factor should be explored further with in vitro and pH studies.