bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sparger Holes on Gas‐Liquid Hydrodynamics in Bubble Columns
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Li , Zhang Yongju , Zhou Lixing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA multiphase second‐order moment turbulent model was developed including an improved closure Reynolds stress transport to describe effectively the anisotropic characteristics of bubble‐liquid turbulent flow. The two‐phase hydrodynamics in a bubble column were numerically simulated by an in‐house code. The effect of the amount of jetting holes on bubble‐liquid hydrodynamics in relationship with a cell culture was investigated. Firstly, the bubble energy production correlation was proposed to verify the higher cell damage rate near gas inlet regions. The larger amounts of jetting holes resulted in an increase of bubble stress, bubble kinetic energy, and energy dissipation, particularly bubble energy production at the near gas inlet, which boosted cell damage.
Developmental mechanisms driving complex tooth shape in reptiles
Authors: Landova Sulcova Marie , Zahradnicek Oldrich , Dumkova Jana , Dosedelova Hana , Krivanek Jan , Hampl Marek , Kavkova Michaela , Zikmund Tomas , Gregorovicova Martina , Sedmera David , Kaiser Jozef , Tucker Abigail S. , Buchtova Marcela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn mammals, odontogenesis is regulated by transient signaling centers known as enamel knots (EKs), which drive the dental epithelium shaping. However, the developmental mechanisms contributing to formation of complex tooth shape in reptiles are not fully understood. Here, we aim to elucidate whether signaling organizers similar to EKs appear during reptilian odontogenesis and how enamel ridges are formed.ResultsMorphological structures resembling the mammalian EK were found during reptile odontogenesis. Similar to mammalian primary EKs, they exhibit the presence of apoptotic cells and no proliferating cells. Moreover, expression of mammalian EK‐specific molecules (SHH, FGF4, and ST14) and GLI2‐negative cells were found in reptilian EK‐like areas. 3D analysis of the nucleus shape revealed distinct rearrangement of the cells associated with enamel groove formation. This process was associated with ultrastructural changes and lipid droplet accumulation in the cells directly above the forming ridge, accompanied by alteration of membranous molecule expression (Na/K‐ATPase) and cytoskeletal rearrangement (F‐actin).ConclusionsThe final complex shape of reptilian teeth is orchestrated by a combination of changes in cell signaling, cell shape, and cell rearrangement. All these factors contribute to asymmetry in the inner enamel epithelium development, enamel deposition, ultimately leading to the formation of characteristic enamel ridges.
Comparative analysis of CreER transgenic mice for the study of brain macrophages: A case study
Authors: Chappell‐Maor Louise , Kolesnikov Masha , Kim Jung‐Seok , Shemer Anat , Haimon Zhana , Grozovski Jonathan , Boura‐Halfon Sigalit , Masuda Takahiro , Prinz Marco , Jung Steffen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConditional mutagenesis and fate mapping have contributed considerably to our understanding of physiology and pathology. Specifically, Cre recombinase‐based approaches allow the definition of cell type‐specific contributions to disease development and of inter‐cellular communication circuits in respective animal models. Here we compared Cx3cr1CreER and Sall1CreER transgenic mice and their use to decipher the brain macrophage compartment as a showcase to discuss recent technological advances. Specifically, we highlight the need to define the accuracy of Cre recombinase expression, as well as strengths and pitfalls of these particular systems that should be taken into consideration when applying these models.
Intumescent polypropylene: Interactions between physical and chemical expansion
Authors: Bensabath Tsilla , Sarazin Johan , Jimenez Maude , Samyn Fabienne , Bourbigot Serge 
Published: November 2019

SummaryTo decrease the reaction to fire of a highly flammable plastic, polypropylene (PP), the concept of intumescence was applied. Two intumescent systems were designed on the basis of different mechanisms: physical expansion with expandable graphite (EG) and chemical expansion with modified ammonium polyphosphate (AP). Fire behavior of PP containing EG, AP, or an AP/EG mixture with a total loading of 10 wt% was evaluated by cone calorimetry at 35 kW·m−2. Thermocouples allowed measuring the temperature at the backside or inside samples over time and evaluating the thermal barrier of these intumescent materials. Two grades of AP (difference in composition) and several grades of EG (difference in expansion characteristics) were compared. Mixing AP and EG does not create a synergistic effect in studied conditions. Contrarily, the incorporation of small amount of EG in PP‐AP modifies heat transfer in the coating, creating a strong anisotropy. Graphite worms are trapped vertically into the expanded AP, which increases the transverse heat conductivity (lower efficiency of the thermal barrier) and decreases the fire performance. This phenomenon disappears in thicker specimens. While a higher expansion volume of graphite worms improves fire performances of PP with only small amount of EG (1 wt%), this effect is not noticeable with AP/EG mixtures.
Horizon Scanning in Foresight – Why Horizon Scanning is only a part of the game
Authors: Cuhls Kerstin E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractForesight and Horizon Scanning are often regarded as identical concepts with identical models and purposes. But they can be completely different activities, both in and for any kind of prospective activity as well as for strategy purposes. Scanning is no debate and no strategy building. Whereas Foresight is more process‐oriented and always includes a Horizon Scanning phase, Horizon Scanning is rather found at the beginning of any forward‐looking activity and can be an automatized stand‐alone approach for identifying “things to come” ‐ which often means the identification of new science and technology and providing information about them. This paper wants to shed light on some of the confusions in Foresight and Horizon Scanning (HS) that often occur in organizations, among researchers and practitioners being thus of practical and scientific relevance for using an integrated model. The contribution is backed up by a study conducted for the European Commission (Cuhls et al., 2015) conducted to clarify for the Commission’s Foresight department (A6) how the strategic intelligence part of a foresight, the Horizon Scanning, is intertwined with the sense‐making part in similar projects in other parts of the world. The contribution thus starts with a broad definition of Foresight and of Horizon Scanning, explains findings from the study on objectives, methods used and relates the discussion to the EU standard “Foresight Cycle” derived from EFFLA. The conclusions are relevant for decision‐making and strategy processes in the European Commission, for national foresight processes but also for company's and other users.
Mapping the University of Washington Quality of life questionnaire onto EQ‐5D and HUI‐3 indices in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Stephens Robert F. , Noel Christopher W. , Su Jie (Susie) , Xu Wei , Krahn Murray , Monteiro Eric , Goldstein David P. , Giuliani Meredith , Hansen Aaron R. , de Almeida John R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is no mechanism to predict health utility (HU) values from the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UWQoL) scores. We sought to develop a mapping algorithm capable of using UWQoL data to approximate HU scores.MethodsOutpatients with head and neck cancer completed the UWQoL, EQ‐5D, and the Health Utilities Index‐Mark 3 (HUI‐3). Results of the UWQoL were mapped onto both EQ‐5D and HUI‐3 scores using ordinary least‐squares regression models. Two‐part models were explored. The predictive power of the model was assessed using 10‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsA total of 209 patients were recruited. The reduced model converting UWQoL data into EQ‐5D scores performed best (adjusted R2 = 0.628, root mean square error = 0.076). Both models demonstrated construct validity by discriminating between clinical indices of disease severity.ConclusionsThe abovementioned algorithms enable researchers to perform health economic evaluations with existing UWQoL data in cases where prospectively collected HU values are not available.
Pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of cancer: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Søgaard Kirstine K. , Leisner Michelle Z. , Laugesen Kristina , Farkas Dóra K. , Karagas Margaret R. , Sørensen Henrik T. 
Published: November 2019

≥1 year after PID diagnosis, an elevated risk persists for female genital cancers and smoking‐related cancers.
Nonresponse Bias in Sample Surveys
Authors: Kinney Satkartar K. , Cooney Darryl A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNonresponse is an increasing problem in sample surveys and student surveys are no exception. When nonrespondents differ from respondents in meaningful ways, respondents may not be representative of the population. Hence, analyses of survey data may be biased and not generalizable to the population. In this chapter we provide an overview of nonresponse bias and discuss how to assess the potential for bias in survey results and steps that can be taken to address bias during and after data collection. An example bias analysis is provided.
Benzoylquinazolinone derivatives as new potential antidiabetic agents: α‐Glucosidase inhibition, kinetic, and docking studies
Authors: Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Yahyavi Hoda , Imanparast Somaye , Harandi Fereshte Nazemi , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Foroumadi Alireza , Larijani Bagher , Biglar Mahmood , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBenzoylquinazolinone derivatives 3a–n were synthesized via a simple one‐step reaction, and evaluated for in vitro α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 3d, 3f–g, 3i, and 3m–n showed more inhibitory activity than standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 1.5 μM), and among them, compound 3d displayed the highest α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 261.6 ± 0.1 μM). The kinetic analysis of the compound 3d revealed that this compound inhibited α‐glucosidase in a competitive manner (Ki = 255 μM). The docking studies were applied to predict binding modes of the synthesized compounds in active site of α‐glucosidase.
Pd(OAc)2 promoted bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed oxidative transformation of aldehydes
Authors: Yu Ya‐Han , Wang Tsui , Chiu Chien‐Cheng , Lu Ta‐Jung , Lee Dong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed (bis‐NHC‐catalyzed) oxidative transformation of aldehydes was successfully studied in water under air. The reaction rate increased through the use of Pd(OAc)2 as an additive. Notably, the catalytic system exhibited good tolerance toward aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes bearing halide and alkyl functional groups. In addition, gram‐scale reaction was also tested in this study. The use of water and operational simplicity make this methodology environmentally benign and cost‐effective.
Parametric study of modified dipole nano‐antennas printed on thick substrates for infrared energy harvesting
Authors: Amara Wided , Oueslati Donia , Eltresy Nermeen , Alghamdi Abdulsalam , Sedraoui Khaled , Aguili Taoufik , Rmili Hatem , Mittra Raj 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThree efficient infrared‐printed dipole nano‐antennas are designed on a dielectric substrate for infrared energy harvesting. The three printed dipoles have different shapes, namely, rectangular, curved bowtie, and elliptical. These antennas are designed in to collect maximum electric field in the gap between the two poles in the frequency band of 28to 29THz, which is chosen because the received infrared power is maximum at 28.3 THz. A parametric study of the three proposed dipole shapes is performed to increase the localized electric field as well as modify to achieve resonance frequency at 28.3 THz. A parametric study is carried out to determine the dipole length, width, gap size, substrate thickness, and ground plane thickness. Next, the three dipoles are exposed to different polarizations incident plane waves in order to study the effect of the polarization of the incident wave on the electric field induced in the gap and to compare the performances of the three designs. The comparison study shows that at 28.3 THz, the curved bowtie dipole shape collects a larger electric field than the rectangular and elliptical shapesdo.
Phosphorus uptake from struvite is modulated by the nitrogen form applied
Authors: Robles-Aguilar Ana A. , Schrey Silvia D. , Postma Johannes A. , Temperton Vicky M. , Jablonowski Nicolai D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNext to nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is the most limiting nutrient for plant production worldwide. To secure food production, new nutrient management strategies using alternative P sources instead of mined P fertilizers need to be implemented. Struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6 H2O) is a promising example of a recycled mineral P fertilizer. Besides positive agronomic results regarding crop yields, further investigations are required to improve the use efficiency of the product and thereby increase its value. Using an automated plant phenotyping platform, we investigated the dynamic response to struvite by two plant species (lupine and maize) with diverse P acquisition strategies in an acidic sandy substrate. Although at three weeks after germination both maize and lupine had reduced leaf area in the struvite treatments compared to the commercial triple superphosphate (TSP), from week four onwards struvite plants grew larger than the TSP‐treated plants, indicating a slow release fertilizing effect. Greater P uptake efficiency (g / root length), but reduced root length were observed in the combined treatment of struvite and ammonium, in comparison to struvite and nitrate. We propose that rhizosphere acidification in response to ammonium uptake may enhance P recovery from struvite. A possible additional acidification effect by lupine root exudation might explain the higher P uptake efficiency in this species compared to maize. We conclude that struvite combined with ammonium can be used as a sustainable slow‐release P fertilizer on acidic sandy soils.
Predicting and Controlling the Effect of Solubilized Flavor Oil on Foam Properties of Surfactant through Study of the Adsorption Activity and Configuration
Authors: Qi Na , Chen Ziyun , Zhao Hui , Wang Qiaozhi , Chen Heng , Yuan Hao , Li Ying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the wide application of foam products, the effect of oil additive on foam property is a critical issue that has gained increasing attention; the effect on foam induced by various flavor oils is still a puzzling question, and relative study is rare. In this article, a series of typical flavor oils were studied for their effects on the foam properties of sodium dodecylsulfate. Measurements of foamability, foam stability, foam elasticity, and surface activity were taken; meanwhile, molecular dispersion and interfacial arrangement behavior of surfactant and oil molecules were explored by molecular dynamics simulation. Through a combination of macroscopic phenomenon and microscopic information, how flavor oils with different chemical structures affected the foaming properties of surfactants was demonstrated, and an evaluation scheme for predicting the level of influence on foam properties by different flavor oils was constructed. This investigation may help better understand the role of flavor oils in foam systems and provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing the application of flavor oils in relevant industries.
Assessing Step Count–Dependent Changes in Femoral Articular Cartilage Using Ultrasound
Authors: Pfeiffer Steven J. , Davis‐Wilson Hope C. , Pexa Brett , Szymczak Jessica , Wistreich Catherine , Sorensen Rachel , Wikstrom Erik A. , Blackburn J. Troy , Pietrosimone Brian 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate changes in the femoral cartilage cross‐sectional area (CSA) measured with ultrasound (US) between baseline and 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 steps of walking on a treadmill.MethodsForty‐one healthy individuals completed a single testing session. Participants rested with their knees extended on a plinth for 45 minutes to unload the femoral cartilage. Ultrasound was used to acquire images of the femoral cartilage before the treadmill‐walking protocol. After the baseline US acquisition, participants walked on a treadmill at their preferred overground walking speed for 1000 steps, after which additional US images of the femoral cartilage were acquired. This process was repeated after 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 steps. A 1‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance compared the CSA across the 6 step counts. An analysis of variance with repeated measures on time and Bonferroni corrected planned comparisons (.05/5) were used to evaluate differences in the femoral cartilage at each step count compared to baseline.ResultsThe study included 20 male and 21 female participants (mean age ± SD, 21.5 ± 2.8 years; mean body mass index, 24.3 ± 3.4 kg/m
2
). The CSAs were significantly greater at the 2000‐step (1.27 ± 1.75 mm
2
; P < .001), 4000‐step (0.89 ± 1.17 mm2; P < .001), and 5000‐step (2.10 ± 1.73 mm
2
; P < .001) points compared to baseline. The CSA was significantly less at the 3000‐step point (1.05 ± 1.29 mm
2
; P < .001) compared to baseline.ConclusionsChanges in the CSA after walking may be dependent on the number of steps. The participants had a significant decrease in the CSA after 3000 steps of normal walking and a significant increase in the CSA after 2000, 4000, and 5000 steps of normal walking.
Risk Factors Affecting Length of Stay in Patients with Deep Neck Space Infection
Authors: O'Brien Kaitlin July , Snapp Kaitlin R. , Dugan Adam J. , Westgate Philip M. , Gupta Nikita 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesAnalyze risk factors affecting length of stay (LOS) for patients presenting with deep neck space infections including care by medical versus surgical team.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review from January 2005 through May 2018 at the University of Kentucky analyzing factors related to deep neck space abscesses. Patients included adults >18 years old admitted for deep neck space infections undergoing surgical intervention. This study compared effects of treatment on a medical versus surgical service on LOS while accounting for patient confounders. Independent variables included age, gender, tobacco use, medical comorbidities, Charlson comorbidity index, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification, presence of drain, readmissions, and repeat surgical interventions. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐three patients were included in the analysis. LOS was significantly longer for those on medicine services (P < .001). Patients on medicine services had a higher incidence of diabetes (P = .011), higher Charlson comorbidity score (P = .001), and higher incidence of repeat interventions (P = .005). Postoperative LOS remained lower for patients on a surgical service (P = .009) after adjusting for Charlson comorbidity scores. Presence of a drain or tobacco use was not significant between service management (P = .89; P = .63) or LOS (P = .366; P = .225).ConclusionIncreased postoperative LOS was associated with age, diabetes, ASA class, Charlson comorbidity index, and repeat procedures. Patients on a medicine service had longer LOS and higher comorbidity indices. Patients had shorter hospital stays on surgical services after adjusting for comorbidity indices. Use of a drain or presence of tobacco use did not affect LOS.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 130:2133–2137, 2020
Opioid sparing multimodal analgesia treats pain after head and neck microvascular reconstruction
Authors: Lee Thomas S. , Wang Lexie L. , Yi Dae Ik , Prasanna Praveen D. , Kandl Christopher 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo compare pain control (opioid consumption and postsurgical pain scores) in head and neck (H&N) free flap reconstruction patients who undergo traditional means of postoperative analgesia including use of opioids versus a novel protocol that includes ketamine and gabapentin.MethodsSingle‐institution retrospective cohort study.ResultsEighty‐six patients who underwent H&N free flap reconstruction from 2015 to 2018 were included. Forty‐three patients were in the control cohort treated with opioids only, and 43 patients were in the treatment group. There was a statistically significant decrease in opioid consumption in each of the first 5 postoperative days ranging from 80% to 83% in the treatment group. The daily pain scores were significantly lower in the treatment group in the first 2 postoperative days. At the 1‐month postoperative visit, there was no significant difference in pain scores between the groups; however, by the 2‐month visit, the treatment group reported significantly lower pain scores than the control group (P = 0.001). No adverse outcomes of ketamine or gabapentin were experienced.ConclusionKetamine and gabapentin are safe and effective analgesics in H&N free flap surgery that significantly decrease opioid use in the acute postoperative setting and may improve pain control.Level of Evidence3aLaryngoscope, 130:1686–1691, 2020
Does damming streams alter the water use strategies of riparian trees? A case study in a subtropic climate
Authors: Zhao Pei , Cornelis Wim , Tang Xiangyu , Zhao Peng , Tang Jialiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstand the mechanism governing degradation of riparian forests in response to damming streams is needed for a comprehensive impact assessment of dams in relation to protection of river ecosystems. However, the ascription of riparian forest degradation to the hydrological changes induced by dams lacks of direct proof and the hypothesis that dam construction alters the water use strategy of riparian trees is yet to be tested. In this study, the water sources of riparian trees grown upstream and downstream of dams at SW China, were investigated by dual isotopes and a Bayesian model. We observed that xylem water in downstream Populus adenopoda had significantly lower line‐conditioned excess values than upstream trees. The water source of upstream trees was barely subjected to evaporation. Upstream mature and young P. adenopoda trees both acquired more streamwater (47.2 ± 9.8% and 44.8 ± 7.9%) than groundwater (28.2 ± 4.4% and 29.2 ± 3.5%) or soil water (24.5 ± 5.6% and 26.0 ± 4.9%). Downstream mature and young P. adenopoda trees both largely used soil water (49.0 ± 11.6% and 53.0 ± 6.2%) as main water source. In contrast, Pterocarya stenoptera highly depended on streamwater, regardless of size and location, implying that damming had little effect on this species. Damming streams may increase water competition among downstream riparian trees, which could explain declines in growth rate, canopy dieback, tree death, and eventually downstream land degradation. We believe that this study is of significant value for research into riparian forest degradation resulting from hydrological changes, and in particular to apprehend the impact of small dams, which has barely been studied.