bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramuscular Injection of Botox Induces Tendon Atrophy and Senescence of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Peilin , Chen Ziming , Mitchell Christopher , Gao Junjie , Chen Lianzhi , Wang Allan , Leys Toby , Landao-Bossonga Euphemie , Zheng Qiujian , Wang Tao , Zheng Minghao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:
Botulinum toxin (Botox) injection is in widespread clinical use for the treatment of muscle spasms and tendinopathy but the mechanism of action is poorly understood.
Hypothesis:
We hypothesised that the reduction of patellar-tendon mechanical-loading following intra-muscular injection of Botox results in tendon atrophy that is at least in part mediated by the induction of senescence of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs).
Study Design:
Controlled laboratory study
Methods:
A total of 36 mice were randomly divided in 2 groups (18 Botox-injected and 18 vehicle-only control). Mice were injected into to right vastus lateralis of quadriceps muscles either with Botox to induce mechanical stress deprivation of the patellar tendon or with normal saline as control. At 2 weeks post-injection, animals were euthanized prior to tissues harvest for either evaluation of tendon morphology or in vitro studies. TDSCs were isolated by cell-sorting prior to determination of viability, differentiation capacity and senescence markers, as well as assessing their response to mechanical loading in a bioreactor. Finally, to examine the mechanism of tendon atrophy in vitro, key proteins in the PTEN/AKT pathway were evaluated in TDSCs in both groups.
Results:
Two weeks after Botox injection, patellar tendons displayed atrophic features including tissue volume reduction and collagen fibre misalignment and increased degradation. The colony formation assay revealed the significantly reduced colony units of TDSCs in Botox injected group compared to controls. Multipotent differentiation capacity of TDSCs has also diminished after Botox injection. To examine if mechanical deprived TDSC is capable of forming tendon tissue, we used an isolated bioreactor system to culture 3D TDSCs constructs. The result showed that TDSCs from the Botox-treated group failed to restore tenogenic differentiation after appropriate mechanical loading. Examination of PTEN/AKT signalling pathway revealed that injection of Botox into quadriceps muscle causes PTEN/AKT mediated cell senescence of TDSCs.
Conclusion:
Intramuscular injection of Botox interferes with tendon homeostasis by inducing tendon atrophy and senescence of TDSCs. Botox injection may have long-term adverse consequences for the treatment of tendinopathy.
Clinical relevance:
Intramuscular Botox injection for tendinopathy and tendon injury could cause adverse effects in human tendons and re-evaluation of its long-term efficacy is warranted.
Production of high purity 52gMn from natV targets with α beams at cyclotrons
Authors: Colombi Alessandro , Carante Mario , Barbaro Francesca , Canton Luciano , Fontana Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRadioisotope 52g Mn is of special interest for multimodal imaging (PET/MRI) applications and the main production route is based on proton/deuteron beams on Chromium (natural/enriched) targets. Using state-of-art nuclear reaction codes (Talys, Empire and Fluka), we perform a comparative study with the alternative 52g Mn production with the reaction nat V(α,x) 52g Mn. ResultsThis production channel, novel in the context of medical applications, provides a good source of 52g Mn, where very high radionuclidic purity can be maintained up to 3 weeks. Since nat V consists already of 99.75% 51 V , there is no need of enriched target material and the corresponding high-cost implications. The production of the main long-lived contaminants, i:e: 53 Mn and 54 Mn, is considered with care and the integral yields of the reactions are compared with the alternative production routes. Specifically, the production of the 54 Mn contaminant, which could be the most dangerous for clinical applications, turns out to be lower when compared with the natural Chromium target. ConclusionsThis channel turns out competitive with respect to the other considered production routes. The study also reveals poor accuracy of the relevant cross-section data set and indicates that better data and theoretical descriptions are needed for a precise evaluation of nat V(α,x) 52g Mn.
Somatic distress among Syrian refugees in Germany: analysis of a cross-sectional register-based study
Authors: Borho Andrea , Morawa Eva , Schmitt Gregor Martin , Erim Yesim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have already proven high rates of common mental disorders in Syrian refugees. Nevertheless, little is known about the patterns of somatic distress among this refugee population. For this reason, we aim to examine the prevalence, co-occurrence and risk factors of somatic distress among Syrian refugees in Germany.Methods: The study design was a register-based cross-sectional survey of 116 adult Syrian refugees with residence permission in Germany. The survey consisted of information on sociodemographic and migration-specific characteristics, health care utilization, traumatic life events, acculturative stress (Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale – BISS; subscales: perceived discrimination, intercultural contact stress, homesickness, and general psychosocial stress) and self-reported outcomes of somatic distress (Patient Health Questionnaire 15), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire – 9), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD – 7), and post-traumatic symptoms (Essen Trauma Inventory).Results: Almost half of respondents (49.1%) were identified as being at risk of somatic distress (PHQ-15 score ≥ 6), and even 24.1% being bothered by moderate to severe levels of somatic distress (PHQ-15 score ≥ 10). The most robust associations with somatic distress were found for female gender, the amount of health care utilization, multiple trauma exposures, general psychosocial stress, self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms. High comorbidities with somatic distress were shown for all common mental disorders studied.Conclusions: To date, there was no data on the specific patterns of somatic distress among Syrian refugees in Germany. The presented study reveals a significant risk of somatic distress among this displaced population and highlights implications for policy and health care providers.
Evolution of enhanced recovery program in French university hospitals: a before-after retrospective survey
Authors: Harkouk Hakim , Capmas Perrine , Derridj Nawal , Belbachir Anissa , Nkam Lionelle , Aegerter Philippe , Battaglia Eva , Tharel Laure , Fletcher Dominique 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Enhanced recovery program (ERP) after surgery needs development in Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris.Methods: a retrospective before-and-after study was performed in 2015 and 2017 on three surgical models (total knee arthroplasty (TKA), colectomy, and hysterectomy) in 17 hospitals including 29 surgical departments. For each elective surgery, data were collected in one control intervention (Total hip arthroplasty (THA), gastrectomy and ovariectomy).To favour development of ERP strategy, in 2016, institutional mobilization developed with one day meeting of information, development of a Massive Open Online Course on ERP, diffusion of national update on ERP by Haute Autorité de Santé and inclusion in a regional professional partnership program. Primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and complications after surgery. Data on ERP items were collected in the patients’ chart and in anaesthetist and surgeon interview. 70 % application rate reflects application of ERP procedure.Results: 1321 patient’s files were analysed (812 in 2015 and 509 in 2017). The length of stay (LOS, mean (SD)) is reduced by 1.6 day for TKA (2015: 8.7 (6.7) versus 7.1 (3.4) in 2017; p<0.001) but increases of 0.5 day for THA (2015: 8.2 (4.1) versus 8.7 (15.5) in 2017; p=0.011). LOS is stable for colectomy and hysterectomy as in their control groups (i.e. gastrectomy and ovariectomy). Incidence of severe complications after surgery is unchanged in all type of surgical models except in THA patients (11.1% in 2015 and 1.5% in 2017, p=0.029). For TKA and hysterectomy respectively applied items of ERP (i.e: >70% application) increased respectively from 5 to 7 out of 17 and 16 in 2015 and 2017. For colectomy, they were stable at 6 out of 21 in 2015 and 2017. All centres progressed in ERP between 2015 and 2017 for TKA (7/7 centres) and hysterectomy (6/6 centres). The LOS was negatively correlated with ERP items application when data collected in 2015 and 2017 were analyzed together.Conclusion: ERP application improved between 2015 and 2017 for three surgical models after an institutional information and diffusion of recommendations in 29 surgical departments of seventeen French University hospitals
Upregulated Monocyte Expression of Plin2 Depends Upon Proteasome Impairment and is Associated with Early Atherosclerosis in Obese Children
Authors: Pisano Eugenia , Pacifico Lucia , Perla Francesco Massimo , Liuzzo Giovanna , Chiesa Claudio , Lavorato Michela , Mingrone Geltrude , Fabrizi Marta , Fintini Danilo , Severino Anna , Manco Melania 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Perilipin (Plin) 2 regulates intracellular lipid metabolism in macrophages, thus playing a role in atherosclerosis. Aim of the study was to evaluate whether dysregulation of Plin2 is involved in the onset of the early atherosclerosis seen in children with obesity and to rule out mechanisms of dysregulation.Methods: We enrolled 63 children with overweight/obesity and 21 age- and sex-matched normal-weight controls; we evaluated carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). We determined mRNA expression of Plin2 and proteasome subunits (PSMD3, PSMC4) by RealTime PCR and protein expression of Plin2, LAMP2A and Hsc70 by western blot analysis. We performed transient LAMP2A downregulation by siRNA. We quantified intracellular lipids in monocytes by Nile Red staining and flow cytometry analysis.Results: Levels of Plin2 protein were significantly higher in obese children than in normal-weight controls and correlated with cIMT in children with obesity after adjusting for confounders. Accordingly, monocytes of children with obesity showed a higher intracellular amount of lipids compared to normal weight children. mRNA expression of the regulatory subunits PSMC4 and PSMD3 and proteasome activity were lower in children with obesity than in controls while expression of LAMP2A and Hsc70 proteins, belonging to chaperone mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway, was not different indicating that Plin2 dysregulation in monocytes was not CMA-mediated but likely due to an impairment of proteasome efficiency.Conclusion: Plin2 was overexpressed in monocytes of children with obesity likely owing to reduced protein degradation by the proteasome. Overexpression of Plin2 could contribute to the early onset of atherosclerosis in these children.
Study of Combustion pattern in Oblique Detonation Engine
Authors: namala dheeraj kumar , Mishra Kajal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Oblique detonation engines are being a centre of multiple kinds of research. Likewise, this paper provides the simulation at various Mach numbers to observe the pattern of combustion in an oblique detonation engine. considering Rahul et al paper[5] as a reference same conditions of pressure, temperature and wedge angles were used in this paper. yet, a different model of a chemical designed by M.O Conaire and H.J Curran[7] was used and simulation was performed at several Mach numbers until a fully developed combustion had been achieved.
Fenitrothion Bio-Efficacy on Different Intradomicile Surface Types Against Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) Albimanus in the Main Malaria Endemic Regions of Panama
Authors: Carrera Lorenzo Cáceres , Ramírez José Luis , Torres-Cosme Rolando 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of intradomicile residual insecticide on a large scale is a proven and efficacious intervention against malaria mosquito vectors. The objective of the study was determined the bio-efficacy and resistance of fenitrothion insecticide against the mosquito An. (Nyssorhynchus.) albimanus Wiedemann. Methods: This study included seven communities located in different endemic regions where fenitrothion is used to control An. (Nys.) albimanus populations. The test of bio-efficacy and susceptibility were conducted following the WHO standard bioassay methodology.Results: The average percent mortality of An. (Nys.) albimanus exposed to fenitrothion in the seven communities tested were 96% and 92% for the first two months. This bio-efficacy was maintained until the fifth month with 81% mortality in communities with high IRS coverage. Anopheles (Nys.) albimanus was susceptible to the organophosphate insecticides fenitrothion and malathion, as well as to carbamate Propoxur but resistant to pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that fenitrothion maintains an elevated insecticide residuality and toxic effect on different types of surfaces until the fifth month post-application. Furthermore, An. (Nys.) albimanus remains highly susceptible to this insecticide, providing a high degree of protection against mosquito bites inside households, and interrupting malaria transmission in places with high IRS coverage and where the mosquito is still susceptible to fenitrothion application.
lncRNA HOXA-AS2 functions as an oncogene by binding to EZH2 and suppressing LATS2 in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Authors: Feng Yubin , Hu Shuang , Li Lanlan , Peng Xiaoqing , Chen Feihu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays an important role in the development of physiology and pathology. Many reports have shown that lncRNA HOXA cluster antisense RNA 2 (HOXA-AS2) is a carcinogen and plays an important role in many tumors, but little is known about its role in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MethodsThe expression of HOXA-AS2 in AML cell line was detected by qRT-PCR. AML cases from the public database (GEPIA) were also included in this study. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect the role of HOXA-AS2 in AML cells. Luciferase reporter gene detection, RIP, RNA pull-down and RNA-ChIP detection were used to demonstrate the molecular biological mechanism of HOXA-AS2 in AML.ResultsHOXA-AS2 was upregulated in AML cell lines and tissues, and the overexpression of HOXA-AS2 is negatively correlated with the survival of patients. Silencing HOXA-AS2 can inhibit the proliferation and induce differentiation of AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Overexpressing HOXA-AS2 showed the opposite result. Moreover, more in-depth mechanism studies showed that carcinogenicity of HOXA-AS2 exerted mainly through binding with the epigenetic inhibitor Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and then inhibiting the expression of Large Tumor Suppressor 2 (LATS2). ConclusionsTaken together, our findings highlight the important role of HOXA-AS2 in AML, suggesting that HOXA-AS2 may be an effective therapeutic target for patients with AML.
Metabolomics Study on Improvement of Mild Cognitive Impairment by SCPE: a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Mass Spectrometric Study
Authors: Hou Zhitao , Sun Ailin , Wei Qingshuang , He Changyuan , Song Liying , Shao Xianming , Li Yang , Wang Meng , Mei Tingting , Zhang Yue , Shang Hongcai , Sun Zhongren , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a common and easilyneglected neurological disease in clinic. Aging is the main cause of the disease,but its exact pathogenesis is not yet clear. Sagacious Confucius' PillowElixir(SCPE) is a classic medicine for the treatment of amnesia in traditionalChinese medicine.The aim of this study was to prove the stability and reliabilityof SAMP8 mice as MCI model, and to nd potential biomarkers for thetransformation of mild cognitive impairment to dementia, so as to reveal thepathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment and the mechanism of SCPE at thewhole animal level.Methods: Senescence-accelerated P8 (SAMP8) mice were selected as the modelof MCI. Based on UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS platform, the eect of SCPE on MCI micewas evaluated by metabolomics to screen and identify brain tissue biomarkers andpathways of MCI. T test of SPSS 22.0 software and meta-analysis software wereused for univariate and multivariate analysis to screen and identify the biomarkersand pathways of brain tissue with mild cognitive impairment; SPSS 22.0statistical software was used to conduct t-test on the total ionic strengthcorresponding to the dierent metabolites in each group, and to clarify thechange mechanism of biomarkers and pathways in dierent doses of SCPE.Results: From the point of view of brain metabolomics, 84 MCI-relatedbiomarkers and 8 metabolic pathways were identied. It was found that dierentdoses of SCPE could call back 36 same metabolic markers and 3 commonmetabolic pathways.And with the increase of dose, the number of SCPE callbackmetabolic markers gradually increased(LD:40; MD:48; HD:54), and the types ofmain metabolic pathways also changed to a certain extent (the biosynthesis ofvaline, leucine and isoleucine in low dose changed to cysteine and methioninemetabolic pathway in middle and high dose),which may be related to the eectof aminoacyl tRNA.Conclusions: The stability and reliability of MCI model, and the eectiveness ofSCPE in the treatment of MCI were clared. Compared three dierent dosegroups, the high dose SCPE group has more advantages.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Ameliorates Experimental Colitis by Modulating the Tolerogenic Dendritic and Regulatory T Cell Formation
Authors: Cui Xiufang , Li Jiajia , Wang Di , Yang Yan , Jiao Chunhua , Ma Jingjing , Tang Nana , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Intestinal immune dysfunction is involved in the onset of Crohn's disease (CD). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor widely expressed in various immune cells, including DCs. Although AhR plays an important role in immune tolerance, its role in the DCs is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the activation of AhR can induce tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) and the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells, as well as ameliorate experimental colitis.
Methods

Bone marrow derived DCs were incubated with or without FICZ(100 nM) which was a kind of AhR for 12 hours, subsequently the cells were stimulated to mature. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe dendritic formation on DC surface. Proliferation of T lymphocytes was evaluated by proliferation experiment. The expression of surface markers in DCs were detected by flow cytometry and the gene expression levels of cytokines were measured using RT-qPCR. The levels of cytokines in cell supernatants were determined by ELISA. The expression of cytochrome P450 1A1(CYP1A1) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were measured by Western blotting. TolDCs were transferred to murine colitis model and the intestinal inflammation were evaluated. T-helper (Th) 17 cells and Treg in spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Results

AhR activation in the DCs resulted in a lower expression of surface markers such as CD80, CD83, CD86, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and higher anti-inflammatory production (IL-1β, IL-23, and IL-12) compared to the control DCs. The surface dendrites in DCs were significantly reduced following AhR activation by FICZ. Such DCs with FICZ-mediated activation of AhR, namely tolDCs, inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and promoted Treg cell differentiation. Adoptive transfer of tolDCs to a TNBS-induced colitis mouse model significantly alleviated the severity of inflammation by decreasing the frequency of Th17 cells and increasing the frequency of Treg cells.
Conclusions

Activation of AhR in the DCs could induce tolDCs, and the transplantation of tolDCs may help in relieving intestinal inflammation and maintaining the Th17/Treg differentiation balance. Thus, our data suggest that AhR may be a potential therapeutic target for CD.
Assessment of Micronutrient Status of Electronic Waste (E-waste) Recyclers at Agbogbloshie (Ghana) Using Dietary Information and Biomarker Data
Authors: Takyi Sylvia Akpene , Basu Niladri , Arko-Mensah John , Dwomoh Duah , Nti Afua Asabea Amoabeng , Kwarteng Lawrencia , Acquah Augustine A. , Robins Thomas , Fobil Julius N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Growing evidence suggests that heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, lead and arsenic) negatively influence micronutrient status. Electronic waste (e-waste) recyclers are amongst the highest metals-exposed groups worldwide, though their micronutrient status is yet to be explored. This study therefore assessed the micronutrient status of e-waste recyclers using dietary information and biomarker data. Methods: Micronutrient status of 151 participants (100 e-waste recyclers and 51 controls from the Accra region, Ghana) was assessed in March 2017 using a 2-day 24-hour recall survey and biomarker (blood and urine) levels. Blood and urine levels of iron [Fe], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], selenium [Se], zinc [Zn] and copper [Cu] were analyzed by ICP-MS. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between work-related factors and sociodemographic characteristics with micronutrient intake, blood and urine micronutrient levels. Results: Dietary Fe and Zn were adequately consumed among the e-waste recyclers. Meanwhile, micronutrients—such as Ca, Se, Mg and Cu—were inadequately consumed by e-waste recyclers and controls. Except for the low levels of Mg and Fe detected in blood of e-waste recyclers, all other micronutrients measured in both blood and urine of both groups fell within their reference range. Exposure to biomass burning was associated with lower blood levels of Fe, Mg and Zn among the e‑waste recyclers. Further, among e-waste recyclers, significant relationships were found between the number of years of spent recycling e-waste and urinary Ca and Cu excretion.Conclusion: Apart from Fe and Zn, e-waste recyclers at Agbogbloshie did not meet the day to day dietary requirements for Ca, Cu, Se, and Mg intake. In addition, exposure to biomass burning could lead to reductions in Fe, Mg, and Zn uptake in blood. Given that, blood levels of micronutrients such as Mg and Fe were below their reference ranges, the implementation of evidence-based nutrition strategies remains necessary among e-waste recyclers to reduce their risk of becoming malnourished.Trial Registration: Not applicable