bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nutritional content of children’s breakfast cereals: a cross-sectional analysis of New Zealand, Australia, the UK, Canada and the USA
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Everson Nadine , Ndanuko Rhoda , Mearns Gael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:To compare the Nutrition Information Panel (NIP) content, serving size and package size of children’s ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTEC) available in five different Western countries.Design:NIP label information was collected from RTEC available for purchase in major supermarket chains. Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–WhitneyUandχ2tests were applied to detect differences between countries on manufacturer-declared serving size, total energy (kJ), total protein, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, total sugar, Na and fibre content. The Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) was used to evaluate the number of products deemed to be ‘unhealthy’.Setting:Supermarkets in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the USA.Participants:Children’s breakfast cereals (n636), including those with and without promotional characters.Results:The majority of children’s RTEC contained substantial levels of total sugar and differences were apparent between countries. Median sugar content per serving was higher in US cereals than all other countries (10·0v. 7·7–9·1 g;P< 0·0001). Median fat and saturated fat content were lowest in Australia and New Zealand RTEC, while the Na content of RTEC was 60–120 % higher in the USA and Canada than in Australia and the UK (allP≤ 0·01).Conclusions:Across all countries, there was a high proportion of RTEC marketed for children that had an unhealthy nutrient profile. Strategies and policies are needed to improve the nutrient value of RTEC for children, so they provide a breakfast food that meets nutrition guidelines.
A review of traditional and machine learning methods applied to animal breeding
Authors: Nayeri Shadi , Sargolzaei Mehdi , Tulpan Dan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current livestock management landscape is transitioning to a high-throughput digital era where large amounts of information captured by systems of electro-optical, acoustical, mechanical, and biosensors is stored and analyzed on a daily and hourly basis, and actionable decisions are made based on quantitative and qualitative analytic results. While traditional animal breeding prediction methods have been used with great success until recently, the deluge of information starts to create a computational and storage bottleneck that could lead to negative long-term impacts on herd management strategies if not handled properly. A plethora of machine learning approaches, successfully used in various industrial and scientific applications, made their way in the mainstream approaches for livestock breeding techniques, and current results show that such methods have the potential to match or surpass the traditional approaches, while most of the time they are more scalable from a computational and storage perspective. This article provides a succinct view on what traditional and novel prediction methods are currently used in the livestock breeding field, how successful they are, and how the future of the field looks in the new digital agriculture era.
Seismogenic Necking During Slab Detachment: Evidence From Relocation of Intermediate‐Depth Seismicity in the Alboran Slab
Authors: Sun Meng , Bezada Maximiliano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith few exceptions, intermediate‐depth seismicity is associated with active subduction. In the Alboran slab, which is located just east of the Gibraltar Strait in the westernmost Mediterranean, although evidence suggests subduction is no longer active, tens to hundreds of M < 5.0 earthquakes are observed every year at depths of ~80 km. In this paper, we relocated 58 such events recorded by the PICASSO temporary network using a 3‐D velocity model and implementing a grid‐search approach to minimize the normalized misfit between observed and predicted P and S wave arrival times. Meanwhile, we relocated 908 events recorded by the Spanish national network using the double‐difference method and gave a high‐precision picture of seismicity distribution within the slab. Relocation results reveal five clusters in this region separated by small gaps. Jointly considering relocation results and a 3‐D tomography model indicates one cluster is at a shallower depth above the northern, E‐W oriented arm of the Alboran slab, while the other four are aligned from north to south, parallel to the strike of the slab and near its core. Larger events are generally shallower and more scattered, while the deeper, more clustered events tend to have smaller magnitudes. Clusters further to the north show concentrated seismicity on narrow zones that dip ~45° to the south. We suggest this seismicity is associated with active necking and break‐off of the Alboran slab, which is progressing from north to south. Shear instability is likely to be the failure‐enabling mechanism for the occurrence of these earthquakes.
Multiproxy Reduced‐Dimension Reconstruction of Pliocene Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures
Authors: Wycech J. B. , Gill E. , Rajagopalan B. , Marchitto T. M. , Molnar P. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA controversial aspect of the Pliocene climate system is a posited permanent sea surface temperature (SST) distribution resembling that during El Niño events, which is largely inferred from sea surface temperatures reconstructed from several sites in the equatorial Pacific. We utilize a reduced‐dimension methodology on a compilation of previously published multiproxy (Mg/Ca, Uk′37, TEX86, and foraminifer assemblages) Pliocene SST records from the equatorial Pacific to reconstruct spatial and temporal snapshots of SST anomalies and a time series of Niño indices from 5 to 1 Ma. The use of multiple proxies increases the number of study sites and thereby improves the robustness of the reconstruction. We find that the early Pliocene equatorial Pacific was characterized by a reduced zonal SST difference due to minimal change in the west and extreme warmth in the east which peaked at 4.3 Ma. The intensity of this mean El Niño‐like SST state then gradually diminished toward modern conditions. We also use the Pliocene Niño 4 time series to estimate the past strength of Indian Summer Monsoon given the modern correlation of it to the Niño 4 index. Results indicate the monsoon was weaker throughout the study interval with weakest conditions (~37% less rainfall than modern) occurring at 4.3 Ma, congruent with regional proxy records. In summation, this reduced‐dimension approach spatially and temporally resolves the warm mean state of the Pliocene equatorial Pacific and has numerous applications to inferences of paleoclimate conditions in distal regions teleconnected to El Niño today.
Surrogate‐Based Bayesian Inverse Modeling of the Hydrological System: An Adaptive Approach Considering Surrogate Approximation Error
Authors: Zhang Jiangjiang , Zheng Qiang , Chen Dingjiang , Wu Laosheng , Zeng Lingzao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBayesian inverse modeling is important for a better understanding of hydrological processes. However, this approach can be computationally demanding, as it usually requires a large number of model evaluations. To address this issue, one can take advantage of surrogate modeling techniques. Nevertheless, when approximation error of the surrogate model is neglected, the inversion result will be biased. In this paper, we develop a surrogate‐based Bayesian inversion framework that explicitly quantifies and gradually reduces the approximation error of the surrogate. Specifically, two strategies are proposed to quantify the surrogate error. The first strategy works by quantifying the surrogate prediction uncertainty with a Bayesian method, while the second strategy uses another surrogate to simulate and correct the approximation error of the primary surrogate. By adaptively refining the surrogate over the posterior distribution, we can gradually reduce the surrogate approximation error to a small level. Demonstrated with three case studies involving high dimensionality, multimodality, and a real‐world application, it is found that both strategies can reduce the bias introduced by surrogate approximation error, while the second strategy that integrates two methods (i.e., polynomial chaos expansion and Gaussian process in this work) that complement each other shows the best performance.
Reduced visual evoked potential amplitude in autism spectrum disorder, a variability effect?
Authors: Kovarski Klara , Malvy Joëlle , Khanna Raoul K. , Arsène Sophie , Batty Magali , Latinus Marianne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtypical sensory behaviours represent a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Investigating early visual processing is crucial to deepen our understanding of higher-level processes. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to pattern-reversal checkerboards were recorded in ASD children and age-matched controls. Peak analysis of the P100 component and two types of single-trial analyses were carried out. P100 amplitude was reduced in the ASD group, consistent with previous reports. The analysis of the proportion of trials with a positive activity in the latency range of the P100, measuring inter-trial (in)consistency, allowed identifying two subgroups of ASD participants: the first group, as control children, showed a high inter-trial consistency, whereas the other group showed an inter-trial inconsistency. Analysis of median absolute deviation of single-trial P100 (st-P100) latencies revealed an increased latency variability in the ASD group. Both single-trial analyses revealed increased variability in a subset of children with ASD. To control for this variability, VEPs were reconstructed by including only positive trials or trials with homogeneous st-P100 latencies. These control analyses abolished group differences, confirming that the reduced P100 amplitude results from increased inter-trial variability in ASD. This increased variability in ASD supports the neural noise theory. The existence of subgroups in ASD suggests that the neural response variability is not a genuine characteristic of the entire autistic spectrum, but rather characterized subgroups of children. Exploring the relationship between sensory responsiveness and inter-trial variability could provide more precise bioclinical profiles in children with ASD, and complete the functional diagnostic crucial for the development of individualized therapeutical projects.
Glacial–interglacial Nd isotope variability of North Atlantic Deep Water modulated by North American ice sheet
Authors: Zhao Ning , Oppo Delia W. , Huang Kuo-Fang , Howe Jacob N. W. , Blusztajn Jerzy , Keigwin Lloyd D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Nd isotope composition of seawater has been used to reconstruct past changes in the contribution of different water masses to the deep ocean. In the absence of contrary information, the Nd isotope compositions of endmember water masses are usually assumed constant during the Quaternary. Here we show that the Nd isotope composition of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), a major component of the global overturning ocean circulation, was significantly more radiogenic than modern during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and shifted towards modern values during the deglaciation. We propose that weathering contributions of unradiogenic Nd modulated by the North American Ice Sheet dominated the evolution of the NADW Nd isotope endmember. If water mass mixing dominated the distribution of deep glacial Atlantic Nd isotopes, our results would imply a larger fraction of NADW in the deep Atlantic during the LGM and deglaciation than reconstructed with a constant northern endmember.
Distributed sensing of earthquakes and ocean-solid Earth interactions on seafloor telecom cables
Authors: Sladen A. , Rivet D. , Ampuero J. P , De Barros L. , Hello Y. , Calbris G. , Lamare P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo thirds of the surface of our planet are covered by water and are still poorly instrumented, which has prevented the earth science community from addressing numerous key scientific questions. The potential to leverage the existing fiber optic seafloor telecom cables that criss-cross the oceans, by using them as dense arrays of seismo-acoustic sensors, remains to be evaluated. Here, we report Distributed Acoustic Sensing measurements on a 41.5 km-long telecom cable that is deployed offshore Toulon, France. Our observations demonstrate the capability to monitor with unprecedented details the ocean-solid earth interactions from the coast to the abyssal plain, in addition to regional seismicity (e.g., a magnitude 1.9 micro-earthquake located 100 km away) with signal characteristics comparable to those of a coastal seismic station.
Coarse-graining auto-encoders for molecular dynamics
Authors: Wang Wujie , Gómez-Bombarelli Rafael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations provide theoretical insight into the microscopic behavior of condensed-phase materials and, as a predictive tool, enable computational design of new compounds. However, because of the large spatial and temporal scales of thermodynamic and kinetic phenomena in materials, atomistic simulations are often computationally infeasible. Coarse-graining methods allow larger systems to be simulated by reducing their dimensionality, propagating longer timesteps, and averaging out fast motions. Coarse-graining involves two coupled learning problems: defining the mapping from an all-atom representation to a reduced representation, and parameterizing a Hamiltonian over coarse-grained coordinates. We propose a generative modeling framework based on variational auto-encoders to unify the tasks of learning discrete coarse-grained variables, decoding back to atomistic detail, and parameterizing coarse-grained force fields. The framework is tested on a number of model systems including single molecules and bulk-phase periodic simulations.
The effects of childhood maltreatment on epigenetic regulation of stress-response associated genes: an intergenerational approach
Authors: Ramo-Fernández Laura , Boeck Christina , Koenig Alexandra M. , Schury Katharina , Binder Elisabeth B. , Gündel Harald , Fegert Jöerg M. , Karabatsiakis Alexander , Kolassa Iris-Tatjana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile biological alterations associated with childhood maltreatment (CM) have been found in affected individuals, it remains unknown to what degree these alterations are biologically transmitted to the next generation. We investigated intergenerational effects of maternal CM on DNA methylation and gene expression inN = 113 mother-infant dyads shortly after parturition, additionally accounting for the role of theFKBP5rs1360780 genotype. Using mass array spectrometry, we assessed the DNA methylation of selected stress-response-associated genes (FK506 binding protein 51 [FKBP5], glucocorticoid receptor [NR3C1], corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 [CRHR1]) in isolated immune cells from maternal blood and neonatal umbilical cord blood. In mothers, CM was associated with decreased levels of DNA methylation ofFKBP5andCRHR1and increasedNR3C1methylation, but not with changes in gene expression profiles. Rs1360780 moderated theFKBP5epigenetic CM-associated regulation profiles in a gene × environment interaction. In newborns, we found no evidence for any intergenerational transmission of CM-related methylation profiles for any of the investigated epigenetic sites. These findings support the hypothesis of a long-lasting impact of CM on the biological epigenetic regulation of stress-response mediators and suggest for the first time that these specific epigenetic patterns might not be directly transmitted to the next generation.
Increased double strand breaks in diabetic β-cells with a p21 response that limits apoptosis
Authors: Tay Vanessa S. Y. , Devaraj Surabhi , Koh Tracy , Ke Guo , Crasta Karen C. , Ali Yusuf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways in β-cells have received little attention especially in the context of type-2 diabetes. We postulate that p21 plays a key role in DDR by preventing apoptosis, associated through its overexpression triggered by DNA stand breaks (DSBs). Our results show that β-cells from chronic diabetic mice had a greater extent of DSBs as compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. Comet assays and nuclear presence of γH2AX and 53bp1 revealed increased DNA DSBs in 16 weeks old (wo) db/db β-cells as compared to age matched non-diabetic β-cells. Our study of gene expression changes in MIN6 cell line with doxorubicin (Dox) induced DNA damage, showed that the DDR was similar to primary β-cells from diabetic mice. There was significant overexpression of DDR genes, gadd45a and p21 after a 24-hr treatment. Western blot analysis revealed increased cleaved caspase3 over time, suggesting higher frequency of apoptosis due to Dox-induced DNA strand breaks. Inhibition of p21 by pharmacological inhibitor UC2288 under DNA damage conditions (both in Dox-induced MIN6 cells and older db/db islets) significantly increased the incidence of β-cell apoptosis. Our studies confirmed that while DNA damage, specifically DSBs, induced p21 overexpression in β-cells and triggered the p53/p21 cellular response, p21 inhibition exacerbated the frequency of apoptosis.
A Memory Computational Basis for the Other-Race Effect
Authors: Yaros Jessica L. , Salama Diana A. , Delisle Derek , Larson Myra S. , Miranda Blake A. , Yassa Michael A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeople often recognize and remember faces of individuals within their own race more easily than those of other races. While behavioral research has long suggested that the Other-Race Effect (ORE) is due to extensive experience with one’s own race group, the neural mechanisms underlying the effect have remained elusive. Predominant theories of the ORE have argued that the effect is mainly caused by processing disparities between same and other-race faces during early stages of perceptual encoding. Our findings support an alternative view that the ORE is additionally shaped by mnemonic processing mechanisms beyond perception and attention. Using a “pattern separation” paradigm based on computational models of episodic memory, we report evidence that the ORE may be driven by differences in successful memory discrimination across races as a function of degree of interference or overlap between face stimuli. In contrast, there were no ORE-related differences on a comparable match-to-sample task with no long-term memory load, suggesting that the effect is not simply attributable to visual and attentional processes. These findings suggest that the ORE may emerge in part due to “tuned” memory mechanisms that may enhance same-race, at the expense of other-race face detection.
Enhanced Water Stability and Photoresponsivity in Metal-Organic Framework (MOF): A Potential Tool to Combat Drug-resistant Bacteria
Authors: Ahmed Saleh A. , Bagchi Damayanti , Katouah Hanadi A. , Hasan Md. Nur , Altass Hatem M. , Pal Samir Kumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we have successfully synthesized a bimetallic (Zinc and Cobalt) Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (Zn50Co50-ZIF), a class in a wider microporous Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) family. The synthesized nanostructures maintain both water stability like ZIF-8 (solely Zn containing) and charge transfer electronic band in the visible optical spectrum as ZIF-67 (solely Co containing). Crystal structure from XRD, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) followed by elemental mapping (EDAX) confirm structural stability and omnipresence of the metal atoms (Zn and Co) across the nanomaterial with equal proportion. Existence of charge transfer state consistent with ZIF67 and intact ultrafast excited state dynamics of the imidazolate moiety in both ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, is evidenced from steady state and time resolved optical spectroscopy. The thermal and aqueous stabilities of Zn50Co50-ZIF are found to be better than ZIF-67 but comparable to ZIF-8 as evidenced by solubility, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD studies of the material in water. We have evaluated the photoinduced ROS generation by the mixed ZIF employing dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. We have also explored the potentiality of the synthesized material for the alternate remediation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection through the photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and methylene blue (MB) degradation kinetics.
Succession of microbial populations and nitrogen-fixation associated with the biodegradation of sediment-oil-agglomerates buried in a Florida sandy beach
Authors: Shin Boryoung , Bociu Ioana , Kolton Max , Huettel Markus , Kostka Joel E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill contaminated coastlines from Louisiana to Florida, burying oil up to 70 cm depth in sandy beaches, posing a potential threat to environmental and human health. The dry and nutrient-poor beach sand presents a taxing environment for microbial growth, raising the question how the biodegradation of the buried oil would proceed. Here we report the results of an in-situ experiment that (i) characterized the dominant microbial communities contained in sediment oil agglomerates (SOAs) of DWH oil buried in a North Florida sandy beach, (ii) elucidated the long-term succession of the microbial populations that developed in the SOAs, and (iii) revealed the coupling of SOA degradation to nitrogen fixation. Orders of magnitude higher bacterial abundances in SOAs compared to surrounding sands distinguished SOAs as hotspots of microbial growth. Blooms of bacterial taxa with a demonstrated potential for hydrocarbon degradation (Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria) developed in the SOAs, initiating a succession of microbial populations that mirrored the evolution of the petroleum hydrocarbons. Growth of nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes or diazotrophs (Rhizobiales and Frankiales), reflected in increased abundances of nitrogenase genes (nifH), catalyzed biodegradation of the nitrogen-poor petroleum hydrocarbons, emphasizing nitrogen fixation as a central mechanism facilitating the recovery of sandy beaches after oil contamination.
Allergic inflammation alters the lung microbiome and hinders synergistic co-infection with H1N1 influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: LeMessurier Kim S. , Iverson Amy R. , Chang Ti-Cheng , Palipane Maneesha , Vogel Peter , Rosch Jason W. , Samarasinghe Amali E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAsthma is a chronic airways condition that can be exacerbated during respiratory infections. Our previous work, together with epidemiologic findings that asthmatics were less likely to suffer from severe influenza during the 2009 pandemic, suggest that additional complications of influenza such as increased susceptibility to bacterial superinfection, may be mitigated in allergic hosts. To test this hypothesis, we developed a murine model of ‘triple-disease’ in which mice rendered allergic to Aspergillus fumigatus were co-infected with influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae seven days apart. Significant alterations to known synergistic effects of co-infection were noted in the allergic mice including reduced morbidity and mortality, bacterial burden, maintenance of alveolar macrophages, and reduced lung inflammation and damage. The lung microbiome of allergic mice differed from that of non-allergic mice during co-infection and antibiotic-induced perturbation to the microbiome rendered allergic animals susceptible to severe morbidity. Our data suggest that responses to co-infection in allergic hosts likely depends on the immune and microbiome states and that antibiotics should be used with caution in individuals with underlying chronic lung disease.