bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleaners and airway diseases
Authors: Dumas Orianne 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Evidence for adverse respiratory effects of occupational exposure to disinfectants and cleaning products (DCPs) has grown in the last two decades. The relationship between DCPs and asthma is well documented but questions remain regarding specific causal agents. Beyond asthma, associations between DCPs and COPD or chronic rhinitis are plausible and have been examined recently. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances on the effect of occupational exposure to DCP and chronic airway diseases.

Recent findings
Recent epidemiological studies have often focused on healthcare workers and are characterized by efforts to improve assessment of exposure to specific DCPs. Despite increasing knowledge on the effect of DCPs on asthma, the burden of work-related asthma caused by DCPs has not decreased in the past decade, emphasizing the need to strengthen prevention efforts. Novel data suggest an association between occupational exposure to DCPs and other chronic airway diseases, such as rhinitis, COPD, and poor lung function.

Summary
Epidemiological and experimental data showed that many chemicals contained in DCPs are likely to cause airway damage, indicating that prevention strategies should target multiple products. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of DCP exposure on occupational airway diseases beyond asthma.
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency and asthma
Authors: Pini Laura , Paoletti Giovanni , Heffler Enrico , Tantucci Claudio , Puggioni Francesca 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of the article is to highlight the association between α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and asthma.

Recent findings
AATD is one of the most common and underrecognized autosomal disorders associated with an increased risk of developing liver and lung diseases. An association between α1-antitrypsin and asthma has been suggested, especially with severe forms of this disease. Many studies have shown an increased prevalence of asthma in the α1-antitrypsin-deficient population overtime (4–38%). The biological mechanism underlying these two conditions and able to bind them has not yet been well investigated. As α1-antitrypsin is the main inhibitor of the serine proteinase and it is an important anti-inflammatory protein with pronounced immunomodulatory activities, it can be hypothesized that the link between AATD and asthma might be represented by the elastase/antielastase imbalance and the proinflammatory effect that occurs because of the reduction of this protein.

Summary
There is a strong need for further researches to better understand the molecular mechanisms binding AATD and asthma. It is also recommendable to screen for AATD, late-onset asthma patients, and/or those with not fully reversible airways obstruction.
Prediction of malignancy for solitary pulmonary nodules based on imaging, clinical characteristics and tumor marker levels
Authors: Hou Hongjun , Yu Shui , Xu Zushan , Zhang Hongsheng , Liu Jie , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: December 2020

Objective
To establish a prediction model of malignancy for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) on the basis of imaging, clinical characteristics and tumor marker levels.

Methods
Totally, 341 cases of SPNs were enrolled in this retrospective study, in which 70% were selected as the training group (n = 238) and the rest 30% as the verification group (n = 103). The imaging, clinical characteristics and tumor marker levels of patients with benign and malignant SPNs were compared. Influencing factors were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The model was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
Differences were evident between patients with benign and malignant SPNs in age, gender, smoking history, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase, nodule location, edge smoothing, spiculation, lobulation, vascular convergence sign, air bronchogram, ground-glass opacity, vacuole sign and calcification (all P < 0.05). Influencing factors for malignancy included age, gender, nodule location, spiculation, vacuole sign and CEA (all P < 0.05). The established model was as follows: Y = −5.368 + 0.055 × age + 1.012 × gender (female = 1, male = 0) + 1.302 × nodule location (right upper lobe = 1, others = 0) + 1.208 × spiculation (yes = 1, no = 0) + 2.164 × vacuole sign (yes = 1, no = 0) −0.054 × CEA. The AUC of the model with CEA was 0.818 (95% confidence interval, 0.763–0.865), with a sensitivity of 64.80% and a specificity of 84.96%, and the stability was better through internal verification.

Conclusions
The prediction model established in our study exhibits better accuracy and internal stability in predicting the probability of malignancy for SPNs.
Journey to Diversity in a University Radiation Oncology Residency Program
Authors: Amdur Robert J. , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Mendenhall William M. , Dagan Roi , Yeung Anamaria R. , Okunieff Paul G. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Increasing diversity in radiation oncology with respect to sex, under-represented minorities (URMs), and people of color is a major objective of our profession. The purpose of this project is to plot diversity percentages in our residency program over the past 52 years and explain major causes for change when identified.

Materials and Methods:
Plots of the percent of residents in our program each year between 1967 and 2020 in the following categories: White male, female, URM, and people of color.

Results:
Between 1967 and 1992 diversity percentage in our program changed little with ∼90% of residents representing White males. Between 1992 and 1995, overall diversity increased by 40 percentage points, a change maintained from 1995 to 2020. Approximate annual percentages over the past 25 years were: female, 35%; URM, 10%; and people of color, 25%.
The main reason for increased diversity starting in 1992 was new leadership seeking to promote diversity. Tools that helped promote diversity were measuring our diversity profile and setting target goals.

Conclusions:
Our experience provides a model to measure diversity and track performance over time in residency programs, departments, or practice groups. The priority to place on diversity, and specific performance goals, vary by group. For those seeking to increase diversity, our experience shows it is possible to achieve substantial diversity in all categories, but change requires leadership making diversity a priority.
Factors Affecting Quality of Life Among the Elderly in Long-Term Care Hospitals
Authors: CHANG Hee-Kyung , GIL Cho-Rong , KIM Hye-Jin , BEA Han-Ju 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
There are challenges in sustaining person-centered care in aged care settings. Key related issues of concern such as quality of life among the older people in long-term care hospitals and interactions with nursing staff have been described previously.

Purpose
This study was designed to explore the factors affecting quality of life among older people living in long-term care hospitals in South Korea.

Methods
Older adult patients (N = 202) in three long-term care hospitals completed measures of cognitive functions, depression, care dependency, and interactions between nurse and patient and a quality-of-life assessment tool. Univariate analyses were used to examine the relationships among these variables, and a multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the extent to which these variables predicted quality of life in these patients.

Results
The significant factors associated with quality of life were found to be cognitive functions (r = .373, p < .001), care dependency (r = .350, p < .001), and depression (r = −.504, p < .001). The regression model with depression and care dependency as predictor variables accounted for 25.7% of the variance in quality of life.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The correlation found in this study between quality of life and depression and care dependency provides additional evidentiary support for developing and applying nursing interventions that reduce depression and care dependency in older adult populations.
Utility of Equivalence and Cognition Models in Enhancing Validity of Translated Questionnaires: A Methodological Example Using the Heart Quality-of-Life Questionnaire
Authors: LEE Wan Ling , LIM ABDULLAH Khatijah , CHINNA Karuthan , ABIDIN Imran Z. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
The cross-cultural adaptation of questionnaires has tenuous theoretical underpinnings that limit the rigor of data collection and the meaningful analysis of cognitive interview data. An adaptation of existing models of equivalence and cognition provides structure to the comprehensive investigation of various equivalence types in enhancing the validity of translated questionnaires.

Purpose
In this study, a framework comprising equivalence and cognition models was used to assess and finalize the Heart Quality-of-Life (HeartQoL)-Bahasa Malaysia (BM) questionnaire, which was derived from both forward–backward (FB) and dual-panel (DP) translation methods.

Methods
Investigation and finalization of two initial versions of the questionnaire were conducted based on findings from an expert assessment (n = 3 sociolinguists blinded to translation methods) and cognitive interviews with purposively sampled patients (FB: n = 11; DP: n = 11). The equivalence model of Herdman et al. and the question-and-answer model of Collins were adapted to form a “cognition-and-equivalence” model to guide data collection and analysis through modified cognitive interviews. The final HeartQoL-BM was completed by 373 patients with ischemic heart disease from two medical centers, and the data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis to assess the evidence of equivalence.

Results
Findings from the expert assessment and cognitive interview showed the existence of semantic and item equivalence on almost all of the FB and DP items, identified some subtle potential equivalence gaps, and guided the process of item finalization. Confirmatory factor analysis, including tests of factorial invariance on the final two-factor model of HeartQoL-BM, confirmed conceptual, item, measurement, and operational equivalence, which supports functional equivalence.

Conclusions
The potential use of the cognition-and-equivalence model for modified cognitive interviewing and the application of the six equivalence types of Herdman et al. were supported by the HeartQoL-BM showing functional equivalence with its source. HeartQoL-BM is a potentially valid measure of health-related quality of life for patients with ischemic heart disease independent of conditions such as angina, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
Does the Association Between Fatigue and Fatigue Self-management Preference Vary by Breast Cancer Stage?
Authors: Jang Min Kyeong , Park Chang , Lee Keon Suk , Lee KyungHi , Hwang Eun Kyung , Joh Hye Jin , Lim Kyung Hee , Ko Yun Hee , Kim Dong Mi , Han Jeehee , Kim Sue 
Published: December 2020

Background
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a major issue facing breast cancer survivors (BCS) that can negatively impact their symptoms and quality of life.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to examine levels of fatigue, identify preferred types of fatigue self-management, and explore the relationship between fatigue levels and management choices by cancer stage.

Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study included 229 BCS recruited from 5 hospitals in Korea. The study inclusion criteria were limited to BCS between 20 and 69 years old in stages 1, 2, or 3 who were undergoing or had completed active therapy. The Revised Piper Fatigue Scale and a questionnaire developed for fatigue management were used for data collection.

Results
The stage 2 group experienced more fatigue (mean, 5.31) than the other cancer stage groups, and significant differences in fatigue were found between stages 1 and 2 (P < .001). Fatigue self-management choices showed different correlations with fatigue levels in each stage. Physical activity control was most frequently used in stage 1, whereas exercise was most frequently used in stages 2 and 3. Multivariate regression analysis showed that exercise consistently and effectively decreased all fatigue dimensions.

Conclusion
Stage 2 BCS experienced the greatest level of CRF, and fatigue levels and management choices differed in BCS by cancer stage.

Implications for Practice
Recognizing how CRF and patients' preferences for fatigue self-management may differ by cancer stage can alert clinicians in assessing CRF and tailoring effective fatigue management for BCS.
How I Treat Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Refractory to Immunotherapy
Authors: Wong Selina K. , Horn Leora 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite continued advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Although the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape for advanced non–small cell lung cancer, many patients either have primary resistance to these agents or eventually develop secondary resistance necessitating a change to an alternate therapy. Understanding novel patterns of response to immunotherapy is crucial in determining appropriate selection and sequencing of treatment. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care in immunotherapy-refractory disease, but multiple trials are ongoing to explore the role of combination radioimmunotherapy and rechallenging with immunotherapy either alone or in combination with other antineoplastic agents.
Gastric Motor Functions in Patients With Mood Disorders and Functional Gastroduodenal Symptoms
Authors: Maselli Daniel B. , Park Seon-Young , Camilleri Michael 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Functional gastroduodenal symptoms (FGDSs) may result from perturbations in gastric emptying (GE) and gastric accommodation (GA), which are variably affected by acute stress. This study aimed to examine whether individuals who have both mood disorder and FGDS exhibit differences in GE and GA using standardized, validated, and reproducible noninvasive methods.

Methods
Using a data retrieval program, 1554 individuals at a single center were identified after having undergone measurements of GE by scintigraphy of a 99mTc-radiolabeled egg (320 kcal, 30% fat meal) and GA by single-photon emission computed tomography to assess the underlying pathophysiology in FGDS. An extensive medical record review identified 267 of these individuals as having diagnoses of depression, anxiety, or comorbid anxiety/depression (CAD). Differences in GE and GA as related to the presence of anxiety or depressive disorders were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance on ranks and Mann-Whitney tests for the two-group comparisons.

Results
Sixty-three patients with anxiety, 134 with depression, and 70 with CAD were identified. GE at 1 hour was slower (p = .04) and GE at 2 hours numerically decreased (p = .07) for depression compared with anxiety. GA was diminished for CAD compared with anxiety (p = .04) and depression (p = .009). There were no differences in fasting gastric volume or GE at 4 hours.

Conclusions
In this study examining GE and GA in anxiety and depressive disorders among patients with FGDS, the combined presence of anxiety and depression was associated with impaired GA compared with patients with depression or anxiety alone, and early GE seemed to be slower in those with depression compared with patients with anxiety.
Preoperative Ultrasound-guided Wire Localization of Soft Tissue Masses Within the Musculoskeletal System
Authors: Burke Christopher John , Walter William R. , Gao Yiming , Hoda Syed T. , Adler Ronald S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ultrasound-guided hookwire localization was initially introduced to facilitate the excision of nonpalpable breast lesions by guiding surgical exploration, thereby reducing operative time and morbidity. The same technique has since found utility in a range of other applications outside breast and can be useful within the musculoskeletal system. Despite this, there remains limited literature with respect to its technical aspects and practical utility. We describe our technique and a series of preoperative ultrasound-guided wire localizations in the musculoskeletal system to assist surgical excision of 4 soft tissue masses.
Efficient and Safe Method for Splenic Flexure Mobilization in Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy: A Propensity Score–weighted Cohort Study
Authors: Hsu Yu-Jen , Chern Yih-Jong , Jhuang Jing-Rong , Tsai Wen-Sy , Chiang Jy-Ming , Hung Hsin-Yuan , Tsai Tzong-yun , You Jeng-Fu 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Because methods of performing laparoscopic left hemicolectomy differ between surgeons, standardizing the procedure is crucial to reduce complications and secure good oncologic outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
This is a retrospective hospital-based cohort study using a propensity score–weighted method. This study was conducted at the department of colorectal surgery in a tertiary teaching hospital between October 2007 and December 2017. The short-term and long-term outcomes of open and laparoscopic left hemicolectomy from 10 years of experience using a standardized 4-step laparoscopic procedure at one institution were compared. Short-term outcomes were postoperative morbidity and mortality. Long-term outcomes were disease-free survival and overall survival.

Results:
We enrolled 564 patients who underwent open or laparoscopic left hemicolectomy for primary colon adenocarcinoma. The open surgery and laparoscopy groups had 357 and 207 patients, respectively. Compared with the open surgery group, the laparoscopy group had significantly shorter hospital stays (open vs. laparoscopy, 10 vs. 7 d, P<0.001), less postoperative morbidity (open vs. laparoscopy, 16.5% vs. 9.2%, P<0.001), and lower risks of superficial surgical site infections, lung complications, and gastrointestinal complications. No differences were observed between the groups in postoperative mortality (open vs. laparoscopy, 0.6% vs. 0.0%, P=0.23), disease-free survival curves (P=0.69), or overall survival curves (P=0.85).

Conclusions:
Our standardized 4-step technique of laparoscopic left hemicolectomy is more efficient, has fewer surgical complications, and yields better short-term and similar long-term oncologic outcomes compared with open surgery.
Risk Factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization: COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Ko Jean Y. , Danielson Melissa L. , Town Machell , Derado Gordana , Greenlund Kurt J. , Kirley Pam Daily , Alden Nisha B. , Yousey-Hindes Kimberly , Anderson Evan J. , Ryan Patricia A. , Kim Sue , Lynfield Ruth , Torres Salina M. , Barney Grant R. , Bennett Nancy M. , Sutton Melissa , Talbot H. Keipp , Hill Mary , Hall Aron J. , Fry Alicia M. , Garg Shikha , Kim Lindsay ,   COVID-NET Investigation Group
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIdentification of risk factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization is needed to guide prevention and clinical care.ObjectiveTo examine if age, sex, race/ethnicity, and underlying medical conditions is independently associated with COVID-19-associated hospitalizations.DesignCross-sectional.Setting70 counties within 12 states participating in the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) and a population-based sample of non-hospitalized adults residing in the COVID-NET catchment area from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.ParticipantsU.S. community-dwelling adults (≥18 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations, March 1- June 23, 2020.MeasurementsAdjusted rate ratios (aRR) of hospitalization by age, sex, race/ethnicity and underlying medical conditions (hypertension, coronary artery disease, history of stroke, diabetes, obesity [BMI ≥30 kg/m2], severe obesity [BMI≥40 kg/m2], chronic kidney disease, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).ResultsOur sample included 5,416 adults with COVID-19-associated hospitalizations. Adults with (versus without) severe obesity (aRR:4.4; 95%CI: 3.4, 5.7), chronic kidney disease (aRR:4.0; 95%CI: 3.0, 5.2), diabetes (aRR:3.2; 95%CI: 2.5, 4.1), obesity (aRR:2.9; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.5), hypertension (aRR:2.8; 95%CI: 2.3, 3.4), and asthma (aRR:1.4; 95%CI: 1.1, 1.7) had higher rates of hospitalization, after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. In models adjusting for the presence of an individual underlying medical condition, higher hospitalization rates were observed for adults ≥65 years, 45-64 years (versus 18-44 years), males (versus females), and non-Hispanic black and other race/ethnicities (versus non-Hispanic whites).LimitationsInterim analysis limited to hospitalizations with underlying medical condition data.ConclusionOur findings elucidate groups with higher hospitalization risk that may benefit from targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions.
Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using Electrochemical Impedance-Based Detector
Authors: Rashed Mohamed Z. , Kopechek Jonathan A. , Priddy Mariah C. , Hamorsky Krystal T. , Palmer Kenneth E. , Mittal Nikhil , Valdez Joseph , Flynn Joseph , Williams Stuart J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTEmerging novel human contagious viruses and pathogens put humans at risk of hospitalization and possibly death due to the unavailability of vaccines and drugs which may take years to develop. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was classified as a pandemic by theWorld Health Organization and has caused over 550,000 deaths worldwide as of July 2020. Accurate and scalable point-of-care devices would increase screening, diagnosis, and monitoringof COVID-19 patients. Here, we demonstrate rapid label-free electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a commercially available impedance sensing platform. A 16-well plate containing sensing electrodes was pre-coated with receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and subsequently tested with samples of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody CR3022 (0.1 μg/ml, 1.0 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml). Subsequent blinded testing was performed on six serum specimens taken from COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients (1:100 dilution factor). The platformwas able to differentiate spikes in impedance measurements from a negative control (1~ milk solution) for all CR3022 samples. Further, successful differentiation and detection of all positive clinical samples from negative control was achieved. Measured impedance values were consistent when compared to standard ELISA test results showing a strong correlation between them (R2 = 0:9). Detection occurs in less than five minutes and the well-based platform provides a simplified and familiar testing interface that can be readily adaptable for use in clinical settings.