bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Precision Health in Weight Reduction: Thematic Content Analysis of an Open-Ended Survey on Reasons Why Morbidly Obese Patients Want to Lose Weight.
Authors: Md-Ya Mazapuspavina , Ismail Ilham Ameera , Malek Khasnur Abd , Yusoff Khalid , Bulgiba Awang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Addressing individuals’ motivation to lose weight among patients with morbid obesity is an essential entity in weight reduction. Failures to shift motivation into weight loss actions are common. These could be contributed by the inadequacy to identify and subsequently address the key reasons, that are of particular concern to the patient' individual needs. We aimed to understand the motivations better and identify the reasons why morbidly obese patients attending hospital-based weight management programmes (WMP) wanted to lose weight. Methods: The study used a qualitative approach to analyze part of a quantitative questionnaire of a more extensive study to understand factors influencing weight loss among morbidly obese patients. We used thematic content analysis to analyze responses from a self-administered open-ended question "What is the main factor why you want to lose your weight?”. A total of 225 new patients attending obesity clinics in two tertiary hospitals responded to the questionnaire. Results: Patients’ mean BMI was 45.6±8.05 kg/m2. Four themes emerged for the reasons why morbidly obese patients wanted to lose weight. Health was the most commonly inferred theme (84%). Patients were concerned about the impact obesity had on their health. Overcoming obesity was seen as a reward not just for physical health, but also for their psychological wellbeing. Patients regard being functional to care for themselves, their family members, as well as their religious and career needs as the next most crucial theme (25.8%). Patients raised the theme appearance (12.9%), especially with regards to wanting to look and feel beautiful. The last theme was perceived stigmatization for being morbidly obese as they were mocked and laughed at for their appearance (3.1%).Conclusion: Patients with morbid obesity in this study had expressed their main personal motivational reasons to lose weight. Concerns about the impact of morbid obesity on health, physical, social and obligatory function, appearance and perceived stigma warrant detailed exploration by the managing health professionals. Identifying and addressing these unique personal motivations in a focused approach is vital at the beginning and throughout a weight reduction program in this unique group.
Construction of Anti-codon Table of the Plant Kingdom and Evolution of tRNA Selenocysteine (tRNAsec)
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar Kumar , Mishra Awdhesh Kumar , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The tRNAs act as a bridge between the coding mRNA and incoming amino acids during protein translation. The anti-codon of tRNA recognizes the codon of the mRNA and deliver the amino acid into the protein translation chain. However, we did not know about the exact abundance of anti-codons in the genome and whether the frequency of abundance remains same across the plant lineage or not.
Results
Therefore, we analysed the tRNAnome of 128 species and reported an anti-codon table of the plant kingdom. We found that CAU anti-codon of tRNAMet has highest (5.039%) whereas CGC anti-codon of tRNAArg has lowest (0.004%) abundance. However, when we compared the anti-codon frequencies according to the tRNA isotypes, we found tRNALeu (7.808%) has highest abundance followed by tRNASer (7.668%) and tRNAGly (7.523%). Similarly, suppressor tRNA (0.036%) has lowest abundance followed by tRNASec (0.066%) and tRNAHis (2.109). The genome of Ipomoea nil, Papaver somniferum, and Zea mays encoded the highest number of anti-codons at 59 each whereas the genome of Ostreococcus tauri was found to encode only 18 isoacceptors. The tRNASec genes undergone losses more frequently than duplication and it has undergone anti-codon switch during the course of evolution.
Conclusion
The anti-codon table of the plant tRNA will enable us to understand the synonymous codon usage of the plant kingdom and can be very helpful to understand which codon is preferred over other during the translation.
A novel nanoemulsion based microalgal growth medium for enhanced biomass production
Authors: Nigam Harshita , Malik Anushree , Singh Vikram 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Microalgae are well-established feedstocks for applications ranging from biofuels to valuable pigments and therapeutic proteins. However, the low biomass productivity using commercially available growth mediums is a roadblock for its mass production. This work describes a strategy to boost the algal biomass productivity by using an effective CO 2 supplement.Results: In the present study, a novel nanoemulsion-based media has been tested for the growth of freshwater microalgae strain Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Two different nanoemulsion-based media were developed using 1% silicone oil nanoemulsion (1% SE) and 1% paraffin oil nanoemulsion (1% PE) supplemented in BG11 media During 12-day growth experiment, the 1% PE gave the highest biomass yield (3.2± 0.07gL -1 ), followed by 1%SE (2.75 ± 0.07 gL -1 ) and control (1.03±0.02 gL -1 ). The respective microalgal cell number measured using cell counter were (3.0 ± 0.21 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ), (2.4 ± 0.30 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ) and (1.34 ± 0.09 x 10 6 cells ml -1 ). Cell viability analysis using MTT assay showed that 1% PE also had higher viable cells (94%) compared to 1% SE (77%) and control (53%). The effective CO 2 absorption tendency of the emulsion was highlighted as the key mechanism for greater biomass production. On the biochemical characterization of the produced biomass, it was found that the nanoemulsion cultivated C. pyrenoidosa had increased lipid (1% PE=26.8%, 1% SE=23.6%) and carbohydrates (1% PE=17.2%, 1% SE=18.9%) content compared to the control (lipid=18.05%, carbohydrates=13.6%).Conclusions: This study provides a novel nanoemulsion which acts as an effective CO 2 supplement for microalgal growth media which increase the growth of microalgal cells. Importantly, nanoemulsions cultivated microalgal biomass possess increment in lipid and carbohydrate content. This approach also provides high microalgal biomass productivity without alteration of morphological characteristics like cell shape and cell size.
Impact of Shoulder Subluxation on Peripheral Nerve Conduction and Function of Hemiplegic Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients: A Retrospective, Matched-Pair Study
Authors: Li Xiangzhe , Yang Zhiwei , Wang Sheng , Xu Panpan , Wei Tianqi , Zhao Xiaomeng , Li Xifeng , Zhang Yanmei , Li Ying , Mei Na , Wu Qinfeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: After stroke, the peripheral nerves of the hemiplegic upper extremity (HUE) could exist impairments which seriously delay the function recovery of the HUE. However, the impacts of shoulder subluxation (SS) on the HUE electromyography characteristics in post-stroke are rarely reported. Therefore, this study was to investigate the impact of SS on peripheral nerve conduction and function of the HUE in post-stroke patients.Methods: A retrospective, matched-pair study was conducted. 30 post-stroke in-patients (15 patients for each group) were selected and their peripheral nerves of bilateral upper limbs were used to be underdone by the electroneurographic examination. The characteristics of patients, such as age and type of stroke, were recorded and paired. The electroneurographic parameters of upper limb motor/sensory nerves contained: the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude and latency of suprascapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves; the motor conduction velocity/ the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude and latency of median, ulnar and radial nerves. The Brunnstrom stage scale was used to evaluate the motor function of the HUE.Results: The CMAP amplitude of each nerve in the HUE of both groups was lower than that in the healthy side (P < 0.05). CMAP amplitude of peripheral nerves (except ulnar) in the HUE of SS group was decreased (P < 0.05). The CMAP latency of the suprascapular, axillary and musculocutaneous nerves was longer than that of the healthy side in the SS group (P < 0.05). The axillary nerve CMAP latency in the SS group was prolonged more (P < 0.05). The motor conduction velocity of the median nerve on the HUE in the SS group was lower than that of the HUE in the N-SS group (P < 0.05). The SNAP amplitudes of the nerves in the HUE in both groups were lower than those in the healthy side (P < 0.05). The Brunnstrom stage of HUE in the SS group was lower (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Stroke may lead to extensive damage of the HUE nerves, and SS may aggravate the damage of these nerves, delaying the recovery of upper limb function.
Magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from environmental samples at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Muktar Shemse Sebre , Erku Woldaregay , Mihret Wude , Seman Aminu , Awoke Tewachw , Desalegn Zelalem , Mihret Adane , Abebe Tamrat 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The hospital environment especially the intensive care units (ICUs) contributes to the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are contributing to increasing morbidity and mortality rates. We aimed to assess the rate of environmental contamination of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
Methods

A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from June to July, 2018. A total of 65 environmental swab were taken from inanimate items. All isolates from the inanimate environment were cultured by using ESBL ChromoSelect Agar and identified using conventional bacteriological methods. All ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the disc diffusion method according to the methods and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results

From a total of 65 environmental swab samples, 16 (24.6%) were ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. The most predominant ESBL producing isolates were E. coli (8/16, 50%) and Klebsiella spp (6/16, 37.6%). The Pediatrics and Medical-Surgical ICU exhibited the highest ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, each with (37.5%, 6/16). Linens and ventilators were associated with high rates of ESBL isolates positivity each with equal 31.3% detection rate. ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates had significantly high resistance level to ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (93.8%), cefepime (87.5%) and cefotaxime (86.7%). However, low resistance level was recorded against amikacin (18.8%).
Conclusion

The appearance of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae among ICUs hospital environment is posing a serious threat for the control of nosocomial infections. The high resistance found from this study shows the need for policies for devising infection control procedures and screening policies for ESBL on a routine basis.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Chagas Disease Education for Healthcare Providers in the United States
Authors: Granados Paula Stigler , Pacheco Gerardo J , Patlán Evangelina Núñez , Betancourt Jose , Fulton Lawrence 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the parasite Trypanasoma cruzi, which affects an estimated 8–11 million people globally. Chagas disease is almost always associated with poverty in rural areas and disproportionately impacts immigrants from Latin America living in the United States. Approximately 20–30% of people who are infected with Chagas disease will develop a chronic form of the infection that can be fatal if left untreated. Chagas disease is vastly underestimated in the United States, often goes undiagnosed and is not well understood by most U.S. healthcare providers. One of the most important ways at reducing barriers to improving diagnostics of Chagas disease in the U.S. is giving healthcare providers the most up-to-date information and access to leading experts.
Methods
An online webinar was conducted for healthcare providers, veterinarians and public health professionals using Chagas disease expert panelists. Pre and post tests were administered to participants (n = 57) to determine the efficacy in raising awareness and to determine key focus areas for improving knowledge. A Wilcoxon rank-sum was used for non-parametric variables equivalent and for questions that assessed knowledge the McNemar’s Chi-Square test was used.
Results
There were statistically significant learning increases in multiple categories including transmission (p = < .001), clinical presentation (p = 0.016), diagnostics (p = < .001), and treatment (p = < .001).
Conclusion
Providing easily accessible learning opportunities using validated testing and evaluations should be further developed for rural healthcare providers in the U.S. as well as healthcare providers serving under represented populations such as immigrants. There is a clear lack of knowledge and awareness surrounding Chagas disease in the United States and just by raising awareness and providing education on the topic, lives will be saved.
Reduced Metagenome Sequencing for strain-resolution taxonomic proles
Authors: Snipen Lars , Angell Inga-Leena , Rognes Torbjørn , Rudi Knut 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies of shifts in microbial community composition has many applications. For studies at species or subspecies levels, the 16S amplicon sequencing lacks resolution, and is often replaced by full shotgun sequencing. Due to higher costs, this restricts the number of samples sequenced. As an alternative to a full shotgun sequencing we have investigated the use of Reduced Metagenome Sequencing (RMS) to estimate the composition of a microbial community. This involves the use of double-digested restriction associated DNA sequencing, which means only a smaller fraction of the genomes are sequenced. The read sets obtained by this approach have properties different from both amplicon and shotgun data, and analysis pipelines for both can either not be used at all or do not explore the full potential of RMS data.Results: We suggest a procedure for analyzing such data, based on fragment clustering and the use of a constrained ordinary least square de-convolution for estimating the relative abundance of all community members. Mock-community data sets shows the potential to clearly separate between strains even when the 16S is 100% identical and genome-wide dierences is < 0:02, indicating RMS has a very high resolution. From a simulation study we compare RMS to shotgun sequencing and show that we get improved abundance estimates when the community has many very closely related genomes. From a real data set of infants guts we show that RMS is capable of detecting a strain-diversity gradient for Escherichia coli across time.Conclusion: We find that RMS is a good alternative to either metabarcoding or shotgun sequencing when it comes to resolving microbial communities at the strain-level. Like shotgun metagenomics, it requires a good database of reference genomes, and is well suited for studies of the human gut or other communities where many reference genomes exist. A data analysis pipeline is offered, as an R package at https://github.com/larssnip/microRMS.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium and subsyndromal delirium in older surgical patients in the general ward: a prospective observational study
Authors: Kanno Maya , Doi Mana , Kubota Kazumi , Kanoya Yuka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Postoperative delirium (POD) among older patients is a common, serious disease and is associated with a high incidence of negative outcomes. For early detection of POD and subsyndromal delirium (SSD), this study was conducted to identify risk factors of POD and SSD in older patients in a general ward who were scheduled for surgery.
Methods
This was a prospective observational study. Study participants were older than 65 years, underwent urology surgery, and were hospitalized in the general ward between April and September 2019. Both POD and SSD were assessed by using the Confusion Assessment Method on the preoperative day, the day of surgery, and postoperative days 1–3. Personal characteristics, clinical data, cognitive function, physical functions, laboratory test results, medication use, type of surgery and anesthesia, and use of restraints were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for POD and SSD.
Results
A total of 101 participants (mean age 74.9 years) were enrolled; 19 (18.8%) developed POD and SSD. The use of bed sensors (odds ratio 10.2, p = .001) and preoperative level of C-reactive protein (CRP; odds ratio 1.5, p = .054) were identified as risk factors for POD and SSD.
Conclusions
POD and SSD among older patients in general wards were related to bed sensor use and the preoperative CRP level. Therefore, this study suggests that in order prevent POD and SSD for older patients in general wards, it is necessary to avoid bed sensor use as restraints and to assess the preoperative CRP level.
Giant mid-esophageal diverticulum treated with diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy: a case report
Authors: Niu Qiong , Liu Fang , Cheng Xian-Yong , Shi Ning , Wang Kai , Li Yan-Min , Liu Cheng-Xia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Esophageal diverticulum is rare and usually requires surgical treatment. Diverticular peroral endoscopic myotomy(D-POEM) is considered to be a novel technique that can be effectively used for septotomy in patients with esophageal diverticulum.
Case presentation:

A 73-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital, complaining of recurrent dysphagia for more than 8 years and aggravated dysphagia for 2 months. Esophagogram revealed a sac in the anterior esophageal region and gastroscopy showed a giant diverticulum in the mid-esophagus. He was treated with D-POEM and had good clinical outcome. The patient was discharged 6 days after operation and has been doing well, and no recurrence was observed.
Conclusion

D-POEM is an effective and minimally invasive method for esophageal diverticulum, but long-term efficacy remains to be proved by more studies.
Machine Learning Based DWDM Design Using Regression Modelling
Authors: K Venkatesan , A Chandrasekar , P.G.V Ramesh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the non-linearity problems such as Four Wave Mixing (FWM) and high signal distortion with low Output Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) in the design of a 64-channel DWDM system using Regression learning technique. The occurrence of FWM in a DWDM system with high number of channels reduces the performance of an optical fiber system in terms of bandwidth and increases computational complexity. High signal distortion with low OSNR reduces network throughput, energy efficiency and thus forces re-transmission. To overcome the above problems, DWDM system with higher number of channel necessitates an optimized design based on correlation factors of optical dependent and independent variable factors such as BER, Q-factor, signal power, noise power and OSNR. Proposed here is a regression optimized DWDM system design. Regression is used here for correlating and optimizing the optical parameters. In this paper, the problem of non-linearity is solved through optimized DWDM design based on correlated parameters in 16, 32 and 64- Channeled DWDM system. The regression based correlated DWDM design (R-DWDM) is improvised mechanism over the independent parameter based simulations and thus improves accuracy. The R-DWDM design system shows higher accuracy through the derived R-value for optical parameters such as input power, channel spacing, optical gain and data rate. The enhancement achieved through the regression based optimized DWDM design is evaluated in terms of optical measurements such as signal power, noise power, Q-factor and BER.
Interleukin-10 Expands Transit-Amplifying Cells While Depleting Lgr5+ Stem Cells via Inhibition of Wnt and Notch Signaling
Authors: Deng Fan , Hu Jingjuan , Yang Xiao , Wang Yifan , Liu Kexuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background & Aims: Epithelial regeneration is essential for homeostasis and mucosal barrier repair. In infectious and immune-mediated intestinal diseases, interleukin (IL)-10 is thought to enhance these processes. We aimed to define the mechanism by which IL-10 played in mucosal healing or injury.Methods: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) cultures and mice were treated with recombinant mice IL-10 (rmIL-10). The level of cell proliferation, differentiation, death and related signaling pathways for self-renewal of ISCs were measured in vitro and in vivo.Results: It was uncovered that rmIL-10 increased the size and death, but reduced the total number of organoids. In addition, rmIL-10 depleted Lgr5+ ISCs and reduced epithelial proliferation, but enhanced the differentiation of epithelial cells and expanded numbers of transit-amplifying (TA) cells. These changes are related to the decrease of Wnt and Notch signals in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, increased expression of Paneth cells and decreased expression of enteroendocrine cells and goblet cells were induced by rmIL-10.Conclusions: IL-10 reduces the survival of Lgr5+ ISCs and proliferation of epithelial cells by inhibiting Notch and Wnt signaling, but promotes enhanced the differentiation of epithelial cells and expanded numbers of TA cells. Therefore, IL-10 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor, but may damage intestinal mucosa repair and maybe a potential target for the treatment of intestinal injury.
Prospective Study on a Fast-Track Training in Psychiatry for Medical Students: The Psychiatric Hat Game
Authors: Clément Anthony , Delage Raphaël , Chollier Marie , Josse Laure , Gaudry Stéphane , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Baubet Thierry , Degos Bertrand 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: While medical students are losing interest in lectures in favor of other educational materials, many studies suggest the benefit of active learning, combined with gamified educational tools. The authors developed a psychiatric adaptation of the « Hat Game ». It was hypothesised that this game would increase both knowledge and motivation in medical students toward psychiatric semiology.Methods: This gamified fast-track training consisted of two teams and each team must guess as many psychiatric semiology terms as possible using different techniques (i.e. speech, mime). The study involved a pre- and post-evaluation of knowledge and a satisfaction survey.Results: Knowledge scores were significantly higher after the game than before. Improvement was maintained three months after the game. Satisfaction survey items highlighted that students enjoyed and would recommend this type of gamified training.Conclusions: The Psychiatric Hat Game improved knowledge of psychiatric semiology in medical students. Results suggest that it is a promising efficient tool to teach playfully medical semiology, with transferable features, utility and acceptability from one medical field to another. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge advocating for serious games and gamified training in medical education.