bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends in the risk of atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke in patients with peripheral artery disease between 1997 and 2015
Authors: Kamil Sadaf , Sehested Thomas , Houlind Kim , Lassen Jens , Gislason Gunnar , Dominguez Helena 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important issue that has not been investigated adequately. Our aim with the present study was to explore trends in the incidence of AF and stroke in patients with PAD.MethodsWe employed Danish nationwide registers to identify all patients with first-time diagnosis of PAD (aged ≥18 years) between 1997 and 2015. Age-standardised incidence rates per 1 000 person-years were calculated to estimate trends of AF and stroke. Risk of AF and stroke was estimated by 1 year cumulative incidence.ResultsA total of 121.241 patients with first-time diagnosis of PAD were identified. The 1-year cumulative incidence of AF in patients with PAD were 1.97% for year 1997–2000, 2.63% for year 2001–2005, 2.66% for year 2006–2010 and 2.78% for year 2011–2015, respectively. The 1-year cumulative incidence of stroke in patients with PAD were 2.71%, 2.71%, 1.95% and 1.81%, for the 1997–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010 and 2011–2015 year groups, respectively. Likewise, the age-standardised incidence rates showed increasing trends of AF during the study period, whereas trends of stroke demonstrated a decline. During study, the initiation of cholesterol-lowering agents and clopidogrel increased markedly from 7.0% to 51.3% and 0.1% to 5.9%, whereas use of warfarin slightly dropped from 4.29% to 3.21%.ConclusionsThe incidence of AF in patients with PAD has significantly increased over time, whereas a marked decline has occurred in the incidence of stroke. This may suggest that the secondary prevention strategies aimed at reducing risk of stroke are broadly effective.
Survey research in anesthesiology: a field guide to interpretation
Authors: Schroeck Hedwig , Wiredu Kwame , Ko Tae Wuk , Record David , Sirovich Brenda 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSurvey research, indispensable for assessing subjective outcomes in anesthesiology, can nonetheless be challenging to undertake and interpret.ObjectiveTo present a user-friendly guide for the appraisal of survey-derived evidence, and to apply it to published survey research in the anesthesia literature.MethodsSynthesizing published expert guidance regarding methodology and reporting, we discuss five essential criteria (with subcomponents) for evaluating survey research: (1) relevance of survey outcome to research objective, (2) trustworthiness of the instrument (testing/validation, availability), (3) collecting information well (sampling, administration), (4) representativeness (response rate), and (5) guidance towards interpretation of survey findings (generalizability, interpretation of numerical outcomes). These criteria were subsequently applied by two independent assessors to original research articles reporting survey findings, published in the five highest impact general anesthesia journals (‘Anaesthesia’, ‘Anesthesia & Analgesia’, ‘Anesthesiology’, ‘British Journal of Anaesthesia’ and ‘European Journal of Anaesthesiology’) between July 01, 2016, and December 31, 2017, which were identified using a prespecified PubMed search strategy.ResultsAmong 1107 original articles published, we identified 97 reporting survey research either employing novel survey instruments (58%), established surveys (30%), or sets of single-item scores (12%). The extent to which reader-oriented benchmarks were achieved varied by component and between survey types. Results were particularly mixed for validation (mentioned for 41% of novel and 86% of established surveys) and discussion of generalizability (59% of novel survey reports, 45% of established surveys, and 17% of sets of single-item scores).ConclusionSurvey research is not uncommon in anesthesiology, frequently employs novel survey instruments, and demonstrates mixed results in terms of transparency and interpretability. We provide readers with a practical framework for critical interpretation of survey-derived outcomes.
A standard operating procedure (SOP), for soil sampling, for the detection of volatile organic compounds and leachate associated with human decomposition from a shallow, unmarked, homicide grave
Authors: Donnelly Laurance 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a forensic geology standard operating procedure (SOP) for the collection of soil, for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and leachate associated with decomposing human remains in a shallow, unmarked, homicide grave. This assumes that human remains undergo partial or complete decomposition after burial and that the VOCs and leachate plumes generated subsequently migrate from the grave. These are expected to be influenced by several factors, including for example the cause of death, time elapsed since burial, climate and weather, topography, geological characteristics of the soils and bedrock, hydrogeology and taphonomy. This SOP has been used in a number of high-profile police and law enforcement searches (see for example Donnelly
et al.
2020. Analysis of soil following a police-led open area search and the recovery of a cold case homicide grave,
Forensic Soil Science and Geology
,
492
,
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP492-2017-337
). This approach remains experimental and further research and operational test work are recommended at known (recovered) homicide graves. This might become applicable as a future reconnaissance method applied to searches taking place over large areas to help reduce the preliminary search area where VOC and leachates are detectable.
Paclitaxel Induces Immunogenic Cell Death in Ovarian Cancer via TLR4/IKK2/SNARE-Dependent Exocytosis
Authors: Lau Tat San , Chan Loucia Kit Ying , Man Gene Chi Wai , Wong Chi Hang , Lee Jacqueline Ho Sze , Yim So Fan , Cheung Tak Hong , McNeish Iain A. , Kwong Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence shows that the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs is reliant on their capability to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), thus transforming dying tumor cells into antitumor vaccines. We wanted to uncover potential therapeutic strategies that target ovarian cancer by having a better understanding of the standard-of-care chemotherapy treatment. Here, we showed in ovarian cancer that paclitaxel induced ICD-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP, such as CALR exposure, ATP secretion, and HMGB1 release) in vitro and elicited significant antitumor responses in tumor vaccination assays in vivo. Paclitaxel-induced TLR4 signaling was essential to the release of DAMPs, which led to the activation of NF-κB–mediated CCL2 transcription and IkappaB kinase 2–mediated SNARE-dependent vesicle exocytosis, thus exposing CALR on the cell surface. Paclitaxel induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which triggered protein kinase R–like ER kinase activation and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α phosphorylation independent of TLR4. Paclitaxel chemotherapy induced T-cell infiltration in ovarian tumors of the responsive patients; CALR expression in primary ovarian tumors also correlated with patients' survival and patient response to chemotherapy. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of paclitaxel relied upon the activation of antitumor immunity through ICD via TLR4 and highlighted the importance of CALR expression in cancer cells as an indicator of response to paclitaxel chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.
CARD3 Promotes Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Via Activation of TAK1
Authors: Wu Xiaolin , Lin Lijin , Qin Juan‐Juan , Wang Lifen , Wang Hao , Zou Yichun , Zhu Xueyong , Hong Ying , Zhang Yan , Liu Ye , Xin Can , Xu Shuangxiang , Ye Shengda , Zhang Jianjian , Xiong Zhongwei , Zhu Lihua , Li Hongliang , Chen Jincao , She Zhi‐Gang 
Published: April 2020

Background
Although multiple signaling cascades and molecules contributing to the pathophysiological process have been studied, the treatments for stroke against present targets have not acquired significant clinical progress. Although CARD3 (caspase activation and recruitment domain 3) protein is an important factor involved in regulating immunity, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and apoptosis, its role in cerebral stroke is currently unknown.

Methods and Results
Using a mouse model of ischemia‐reperfusion (I‐R) injury based on transient blockage of the middle cerebral artery, we have found that CARD3 expression is upregulated in a time‐dependent manner during I‐R injury. Further animal study revealed that, relative to control mice, CARD3‐knockout mice exhibited decreased inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, with reduced infarct volume and lower neuropathological scores. In contrast, neuron‐specific CARD3‐overexpressing transgenic (CARD3‐TG) mice exhibited increased I‐R induced injury compared with controls. Mechanistically, we also found that the activation of TAK1 (transforming growth factor‐β–activated kinase 1) was enhanced in CARD3‐TG mice. Furthermore, the increased inflammation and apoptosis seen in injured CARD3‐TG brains were reversed by intravenous administration of the TAK1 inhibitor 5Z‐7‐oxozeaenol.

Conclusions
These results indicate that CARD3 promotes I‐R injury via activation of TAK1, which not only reveals a novel regulatory axis of I‐R induced brain injury but also provides a new potential therapeutic approach for I‐R injury.
The Cyclical Time and Burūz (Projection) of the Saint: Thematic Connections in the Early Modern Islamic Landscape
Authors: Yavuz F. Betul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This essay studies the concept of burūz, i.e. the spiritual projection of saints, as found in the Ṣoḥbetnāme (The Book of Companionship), a compilation of Oğlan Shaykh Ibrahim’s (d. 1655) oral discourses as recorded by his disciple, Ṣunʿullāh Gaybī (d. ca. 1676). Raised in the Balkans among a non-conformist Sufi milieu, Ibrahim Efendi operated as a prominent Sufi shaykh in the Ottoman capital for over fifty years. He was also a poet, and his instructions as recorded in the Ṣoḥbetnāme provide a rare view into a world that was defined by a consciousness of poetry and oral traditions. They also offer insight into the psyche and terminology that defined the mystico-messianic movements of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in various corners of the Islamic world. In this sense, the essay tries to foster a more detailed discussion of Turkish “heterodoxy” in connection with the broader Islamic world.
Christian Material Culture and the Mongols: the Case of William of Rubruck
Authors: Valtrová Jana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the role of Christian material culture for the encounter between the Franciscan friar William of Rubruck (1220-93) and the Mongol rulers and high officers, as it is narrated in Rubruck’s Itinerarium. The analysis of the amount and nature of the items taken by Rubruck lead us to reconsider his commitment to Christian mission, which is often underestimated in favour of diplomacy. The discourse of Rubruck’s handling of Christian liturgical equipment, its loss and substitution reveals his faithfulness both to the ideals of the Franciscan order, as well as loyalty to the French King Louis IX. The frictions with Mongolian habits regarding gift giving reveal some of the practical troubles of the Franciscan mission among the Mongols.
<p><strong>Comprehensive analysis of <em>Actiniopteris</em> Link and <em>Onychium</em> Kaulf. (Pteridophyta) relationships according to their phylogeography, phylogeny and spore morphology</strong></p>
Authors: VAGANOV ALEXEY V. , METZGAR JORDAN S. , SINITSYNA TATIANA A. , SHMAKOV ALEXANDER I. 
Published: April 2020

This research is the first comprehensive analysis of the intrageneric relationships of Actiniopteris and Onychium based on original data including spore morphology, phylogeny and phylogeography. Actiniopteris and Onychium are members of the large subfamily Pteridoideae of the family Pteridaceae. The Pteridaceae family is considered one of the most taxonomically confusing families due to its representatives high level of polymorphism. We used an interdisciplinary approach to study the “Onychium clade”: 13 taxa were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the morphology and morphometry of spores; 14 taxa were studied from a phylogenetic perspective, including character evolution and ancestral character state reconstructions; 15 taxa of “Onychium clade” were studied using herbarium data (B, P, PE, LE, VLA, TI, KYO, ALTB and TK) according to global botanical and geographical zones. As a result of this integrated analysis, we established a deep divergence of the taxa O. tenuifrons and O. siliculosum from the main composition of the genus Onychium and the division the genus Actiniopteris into two clades: A. radiata–A. semiflabellata and A. australis–A. dimorpha. We found that representatives of Actiniopteris and Onychium had originated in a common African-Indo-Malesian area. The “Onychium clade” center of diversity is the Indian Region, which is experiencing high levels of human impact, leading to disjunctions among the studied taxa.
Treatment of segmental tibial defects by bone transport with circular external fixation and a locking plate
Authors: Lu Yao , Ma Teng , Ren Cheng , Li Zhong , Sun Liang , Xue Hanzhong , Li Ming , Zhang Kun , Zhang Congming , Wang Qian 
Published: April 2020

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of bone transport involving circular external fixation and locking plate application for the treatment of segmental tibial defects. Methods A retrospective review of 12 patients with segmental tibial defects who underwent bone transport with circular external fixation and locking plate application. We evaluated external fixation time, external fixation index, time to achieve union, and complications. Clinical results were assessed using the Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) score. Generic health-related outcome was assessed using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). Results The mean follow-up was 25.8 months, and the mean defect size was 6.7 cm. All of the patients achieved union at the distraction callus and docking site. The average external fixation time was 299.5 days. The mean external fixation index was 16.5 days/cm, and the mean healing index was 44.9 days/cm. The functional outcomes were excellent in eight cases and good in four. The average SF-36 score was 92. Conclusion Bone transport with external fixation and locking plate application may be a promising method for the treatment of segmental tibial defects.
Medication Regimen Complexity Index Prediction of Adverse Drug Reaction–Related Hospital Admissions
Authors: Curtain Colin M. , Chang Jie Yi , Cousins Justin , Parameswaran Nair Nibu , Bereznicki Bonnie , Bereznicki Luke 
Published: April 2020

Background: The relationship between the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) and adverse drug reaction (ADR)-related hospital admissions has not yet specifically been investigated. Objective: To evaluate the MRCI and compare with medication count for prediction of ADR-related hospital admissions in older patients. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected convenience sample of 768 unplanned medical admissions of Australians aged 65 years old and older. The sample consisted of 115 (15.0%) ADR-related unplanned hospital admissions and 653 (85.0%) non–ADR-related unplanned medical admissions. The MRCI score was calculated from the medical records and analyzed to predict ADR-related hospital admissions. Results: The cohort had a median age of 81 years, 5 comorbidities, and 11 medications, with a slight majority of women. The MRCI score was not significantly different in patients who had ADR-related admissions compared with other medical admissions—38.5 versus 34.0, respectively; Wilcoxon Rank Sum test W = 33 522; P = 0.067. The medication count was significantly different between the ADR-related admissions compared with other medical admissions: 12 versus 10; W = 32 508; P = 0.021. However, the medication count was not a strong predictor of ADR-related admissions; unadjusted odds ratio = 1.044; 95% CI = 1.006-1.084. Conclusion and Relevance: The MRCI score did not discriminate between ADR-related admissions and other medical admissions despite taking time to calculate with potential for inconsistent application. Medication count is more readily applicable with marginally greater relevance in this cohort; however, both measures do not appear to be useful when used alone for clinicians to identify patients at risk of ADRs.
Impact of pharmacist’s intervention on decreasing erlotinib interactions in the treatment of lung cancer patients in low resource settings
Authors: Kovacevic Tijana , Kovacevic Sandra Vezmar , Stanetic Mirko , Kovacevic Pedja , Miljkovic Branislava 
Published: April 2020

Background This study aimed to demonstrate that having clinical pharmacist as a member of oncology team in low and middle income countries might lead to significant reduction in the number of erlotinib interactions in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods A group of 44 patients was labeled as intervention group and they were analyzed prospectively in the period from 1 January 2017 to 1 May 2018 during clinical pharmacist’s participation in regular weekly multidisciplinary oncology team meetings. The control group consisted of 44 out of 110 patients treated with erlotinib before the involvement of a clinical pharmacist in oncology team, match paired with 44 patients in intervention group. Results Clinically significant interactions were identified in two-thirds of studied patients (57 out of 88). Most drug interactions, 38%, potentially result in decrease of serum concentration of erlotinib. Clinical pharmacist provided therapy modification suggestions for 32 out of 44 (72.72%) patients in the intervention group, most of which were accepted by doctors. In the intervention group, there were significantly less clinically significant interactions compared to the control group (10 versus 24, p = 0.002). Progression-free survival was significantly longer in the pharmacist’s intervention group (p = 0.001). Conclusions Clinical pharmacist’s intervention led to significant decrease in erlotinib interactions which may result in treatment optimization of lung cancer patients.
Physician Assistant Students’ Knowledge of Zika Virus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wishner Carolina , Taylor Colleen , Leigh Laurasona , Williams Monica , Bell Mary Ann , Luebke Suzanne 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess physician assistant students’ knowledge about the screening, transmission, management, and prevention of Zika virus infection. Background: It is important for health care providers in the United States to recognize the symptoms of Zika so that they can screen, diagnose, and or treat persons exposed to or infected by the virus. Physician assistant students, on completion of their educational program and passing their board examinations, provide care for patients in primary care or specialty settings where they may treat patients who either have the virus or post-virus exposure. Methods: A convenience sample of 37 students enrolled in a physician assistant studies program in the Midwestern United States completed an in-person self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire that tested their knowledge about Zika virus infection. Results: All the respondents knew that the disease is of viral origin; however, only 89% knew that mosquitoes were the natural host. Primary modes of transmission were identified as sexual contact and blood transfusion (47% and 44% of respondents respectively); 47% incorrectly identified amniotic fluid as a transmission mode. More than half (61%) knew that health care providers should ask pregnant women about any possible virus exposure before and during pregnancy at each prenatal visit. Most respondents knew that muscle/joint pain (67%) was one of the symptoms of Zika infection, but only 39%, 25%, and 19% also identified low-grade fever, maculopapular rash, and conjunctivitis respectively as other symptoms. Some participants incorrectly identified antivirals (44%) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (36%) rather than the recommended treatments of pain relief (30%) and fever relief (42%) medications for clinical management of the disease.
The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Hydrogen Peroxide Fumigation, Part 2: Verifying and Validating Hydrogen Peroxide Fumigation Cycles
Authors: Kümin Daniel , Albert Monika Gsell , Weber Benjamin , Summermatter Kathrin 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Part 1 of this two-part series describes the use of hydrogen peroxide as a fumigant and compares it with other fumigants on the market. Technical requirements are outlined while considering physical and biological limitations of the system. This second part focuses primarily on the use of process controls to verify and validate hydrogen peroxide fumigations. Finally, a model encompassing the entire fumigation process is presented. Methods: Part 2 of the series focuses on the authors’ long-time personal experiences in room and filter fumigation using various fumigation systems and is supplemented with relevant literature searches. Results: The reader is introduced to the planning and implementation of fumigation process validations. Biological indicators help users develop safe and efficient processes. Chemical indicators can be used as process controls, while measuring physical parameters will help avoid condensation of hydrogen peroxide. How many biological and chemical indicators and what type should be applied for cycle development are additionally explained. Discussion: It is important to consider numerous technical requirements when planning to implement hydrogen peroxide fumigation at an institution. Also, considerable thought needs to go into the verification and validation of the fumigation process. Conclusions: Part 1 of this series presents an overview of different fumigation systems based on hydrogen peroxide on the market and their technical requirements. Part 2 focuses on validation and verification of hydrogen peroxide fumigation while considering the entire fumigation process. The two parts together will serve users as a guide to establishing hydrogen peroxide fumigations at their facilities.
U.S.-Born Mexican-Origin Women’s Descriptions About Their Eating Patterns
Authors: Garcia Juanita Terrie , VandeVusse Leona 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Mexican origin (MO) women comprise the largest Hispanic subgroup of Latinas in the United States. This subgroup has high incidences of obesity and associated chronic diseases. Modifiable risk factors for these include unhealthy diets and eating patterns. Efforts to understand eating patterns of Hispanics have focused on primarily first-generation Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to explore U.S.-born MO women’s descriptions about eating patterns. Method A qualitative exploratory-descriptive study, using a thematic analysis approach, was employed. Fifteen MO women were interviewed. The participants were second to fourth generation and reported higher educational attainment, middle-income socioeconomic brackets, and English proficiency compared with previous groups studied. Results Five themes were identified: (a) personal agency, (b) relationships with people about food, (c) cultural and familial influences, (d) environments, and (e) time and money. Themes comprised multiple factors to classify the varied aspects of the women’s eating patterns. Conclusion This study provides insights about descriptions of eating patterns from a subgroup, generational, and gender-specific perspective that extended beyond acculturative and homogeneous group viewpoints to a broader structural view. The structural layers that affected the women’s eating patterns were multifaceted and complex.