bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Soft Robot Kyma Based on Real‐Time Finite Element Method
Authors: Martin‐Barrio A. , Terrile S. , Diaz‐Carrasco M. , del Cerro J. , Barrientos A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModelling soft robots is a non‐trivial task since their behaviours rely on their morphology, materials and surrounding elements. These robots are very useful to safely interact with their environment and because of their inherent flexibility and adaptability skills. However, they are usually very hard to model because of their intrinsic non‐linearities. This fact presents a unique challenge in the computer graphics and simulation scopes. Current trends in these fields tend to narrow the gap between virtual and real environments. This work will explain a challenging modelling process for a cable‐driven soft robot called Kyma. For this purpose, the real‐time Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied using the Simulation Open Framework Architecture. And two methods are implemented and compared to optimize the model efficiency: a heuristic one and the Model Order Reduction. Both models are also validated with the real robot using a precise motion tracking system. Moreover, an analysis of robot–object interactions is proposed to test the compliance of the presented soft manipulator. As a result, the real‐time FEM emerges as a good solution to accurately and efficiently model the presented robot while also allowing to study the interactions with its environment.
STK24 modulates excitatory synaptic transmission in epileptic hippocampal neurons
Authors: Yang Juan , Jiang Qian , Yu Xinyuan , Xu Tao , Wang You , Deng Jing , Liu Yong , Chen Yangmei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionA large amount of literature has indicated that excitatory synaptic transmission plays a crucial role in epilepsy, but the detailed pathogenesis still needs to be clarified.MethodsIn the present study, we used samples from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, pentylenetetrazole‐kindled mice, and Mg2+‐free‐induced epileptic cultured hippocampal neurons to detect the expression pattern of STK24. Then, the whole‐cell recording was carried out after STK24 overexpression in the Mg2+‐free‐induced epileptic cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation was performed to detect the association between endogenous STK24 and main subunits of NMDARs and AMPARs in the hippocampus of PTZ‐kindled mice.ResultsHere, we reported that STK24 was specifically located in epileptic neurons of human and pentylenetetrazole‐kindled mice. Meanwhile, the expression of STK24 was significantly down‐regulated in these samples which are mentioned above. Besides, we found that the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents was increased in STK24 overexpressed epileptic hippocampal cultured neurons, which means the excitatory synaptic transmission was changed. Moreover, the coimmunoprecipitation, which further supported the previous experiment, indicated an association between STK24 and the subunits of the NMDA receptor.ConclusionThese findings expand our understanding of how STK24 involved in the excitatory synaptic transmission in epilepsy and lay a foundation for exploring the possibility of STK24 as a drug target.
Efforts of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on cognitive spectrum: From explicit to implicit changes in the patients with Parkinson's disease for 1 year
Authors: You ZhiFei , Wu Yi‐ Ying , Wu Rong , Xu Zhi‐Xiang , Wu Xi , Wang Xiao‐Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the cognitive function of Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease PD postsubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS).MethodsCognitive function was assessed by neuropsychological methods in PD patients. Twenty matched healthy persons served as normal controls. t test, analysis of variance, and chi‐square analysis were used to compare the difference among the groups. Reliable change index was utilized to analyze the changes in cognition from the individual level.Results(a) Improvement in motor function was significantly better after STN‐DBS (P < .01). (b) Notably, the increase error rates of implicit SRTT (serial reaction time task) was significantly higher after STN‐DBS as compared with the conservative therapy group (P = .03). (c) The decline of verbal fluency (explicit) was also significantly higher after STN‐DBS than that in the medication therapy group (P = .03). (d) In the explicit clock‐drawing test, scores had significantly improved after STN‐DBS (P = .04).ConclusionsSTN‐DBS as a neuromodulatory tool in the Chinese PD population not only improves motor symptoms but also cognitive function to a certain extent, such as the decline of executive function and verbal fluency. The explicit cognitive decline was significantly quicker than that in patients on medication therapy. The improvement of visiospatial function was also noted. Implicit memory impairment during the 1‐year follow‐up period was not observed.
Evaluation of the safety of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors for treating patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wang Weihao , Zhang Lina , Pei Xiaobei , Pan Qi , Guo Lixin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo conduct an overall safety assessment of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors used for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), including ketoacidosis, genital infection, volume depletion, liver and kidney injury events, cardiovascular events, diarrhea and severe hypoglycaemia.Materials and MethodsWe searched three databases (Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library) for randomized controlled trials that treated T1D by using SGLT‐2 inhibitors from 2000 to 5 March 2020.ResultsOf the 1653 articles identified that fit our search criteria, 22 studies included qualitative‐based results, eight of which were randomized clinical trials that included quantitative‐based results. Compared with the control group, the SGLT‐2 inhibitors treatment group was found to have had an increased incidence of ketoacidosis (P < .00001, OR 4.34, 95% CI [2.37, 7.96], I2 = 18%), events leading to discontinuation (P < .0001, OR 1.76, 95% CI [1.34, 2.31], I2 = 0%), genital infection (P < .00001, OR 3.64, 95% CI [2.82, 4.70], I2 = 0%), volume depletion (P = .006, OR 2.10, 95% CI [1.23, 3.59], I2 = 4%) and diarrhoea (P = .008, OR 1.64, 95% CI [1.14, 2.36], I2 = 0%). However, according to subgroup analysis, the risk of diarrhoea was dose‐related. The incidence of urinary tract infection, cardiovascular events, renal events, liver injury and fracture was not significantly different for the treatment group compared with the control group.ConclusionsDespite showing some promise as a treatment approach, the application of SGLT‐2 inhibitors for patients with T1D should be considered with caution.
Freshwater crabs (Decapoda: Pseudothelphusidae) increase rates of leaf breakdown in a neotropical headwater stream
Authors: Yang Carol , Wenger Seth J. , Rugenski Amanda T. , Wehrtmann Ingo S. , Connelly Scott , Freeman Mary C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Freshwater crabs are the largest macroconsumers in many neotropical headwater streams, but few studies have examined their roles in ecosystem processes such as leaf litter breakdown. As omnivorous macroconsumers, freshwater crabs affect multiple trophic levels. They may directly increase leaf breakdown through fragmentation and consumption or indirectly decrease breakdown by consuming other macroinvertebrates, including shredders and detritivores.

In a headwater stream in Monteverde, Costa Rica, we conducted an in‐stream experiment with 40 enclosures to quantify the effects of pseudothelphusid crabs on both leaf breakdown and macroinvertebrate colonisation of leaves. Half of the enclosures were randomly selected to contain two crabs (mean carapace width = 30 mm) and half were controls without crabs. We sampled mixed leaf packs from the enclosures on days 11, 19, 28, 34, and 42. We found the leaves of one species (Koanophyllon pittieri) almost completely decomposed by day 28 in both treatments (crab versus no crab). The other two leaf species (Meliosma idiopoda, Quercus brenesii) composed the remaining leaf mass at the end of the experiment.

At 42 days, enclosures with crabs had faster rates of leaf breakdown than those without crabs (with crabs: k = −0.020; without crabs: k = −0.016; p = 0.034). This suggests that the magnitude of direct leaf breakdown by crabs, due to fragmentation, consumption, or manipulation of leaves, was greater than any indirect effects on leaf breakdown via crab consumption of other leaf‐consuming species.

Macroinvertebrate composition based on taxa abundances or biomasses did not significantly differ between treatments (ANOSIM; p = 0.73 and p = 0.65, respectively). Shredder and detritivore abundances and biomasses increased significantly through time (ANOVA; p ≤ 0.001), but there was no evidence of an effect of crab presence (p > 0.2), nor were there significant interactions between crab presence and time (p > 0.3).

This is one of the first studies to quantify the effects of pseudothelphusid freshwater crabs on leaf breakdown rates. Our results suggest that these crabs can play a significant role in detrital processing in neotropical headwater streams. This study has also demonstrated that short‐term enclosure experiments are useful in measuring in‐stream effects of crab activity on leaf breakdown.
An invasive fish promotes invasive plants in Minnesota lakes
Authors: Larkin Daniel J. , Beck Marcus W. , Bajer Przemyslaw G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Biological invasions can greatly alter ecological communities, affecting not only the diversity and abundance but also composition of invaded assemblages. This is because invaders’ impacts are mediated by characteristics of resident species: some may be highly sensitive to invader impacts while others are unaffected or even facilitated. In some cases, this can result in invasive species promoting further invasions; in particular, herbivory by introduced animals has been shown to disproportionately harm native plants, which can indirectly benefit non‐native plants. Here, we investigated whether such patterns emerged through the effects of an invasive fish species on lake plant communities.

Specifically, we tested whether invasion of Minnesota (U.S.A.) lakes by Cyprinus carpio (common carp), an omnivorous, benthivorous fish known to reduce abundance and richness of aquatic plants, differentially affected native versus non‐native plant species. We applied statistical models to a large, long‐term monitoring dataset (206 macrophyte taxa recorded in 913 lakes over a 20‐year time period) to test whether carp altered community composition, to identify which macrophyte species were most sensitive to carp and determine whether species characteristics predicted carp sensitivity, and to characterise consequences of carp invasion on lake‐level vegetation attributes.

We found that carp exerted strong selective pressure on community composition. Native macrophytes, those with a more aquatic growth form, and those considered less tolerant of disturbance (i.e. higher coefficients of conservatism) were more sensitive to carp. Conversely, no introduced macrophytes exhibited sensitivity to carp and all had higher probabilities of occurrence as carp abundance increased. The net effect of carp invasion was a shift toward less species‐rich plant communities characterised by more non‐native and disturbance‐tolerant species.

These results have several implications for conservation and management. First, they reinforce the need to prevent further spread of carp outside of their native range. Where carp have already established, their control should be incorporated into efforts to restore aquatic vegetation; this may be an essential step for recovering particular plant species of high conservation importance. Furthermore, reducing carp abundance could have ancillary benefits of reducing dominance by invasive plant species. Lastly, where carp cannot be eliminated, managers should target native macrophytes that are relatively tolerant of carp in shoreline plantings and other revegetation efforts.
Hemodialysis treatment in patients with severe electrolyte disorders: Management of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
Authors: Pirklbauer Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSignificant deviations of serum potassium and sodium levels are frequently observed in hospitalized patients and are both associated with increased all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. The presence of acute or chronic renal failure facilitates the pathogenesis and complicates the clinical management. In the absence of reliable outcome data in the context of dialysis prescription, requirement of renal replacement therapy in patients with severe electrolyte disturbances constitutes a therapeutic challenge. Recommendations for intradialytic management are based on pathophysiologic reasoning and clinical observations only, and as such, heterogeneous and limited to expert opinion level. This article reviews current strategies for the management of severe hyperkalemia and hyponatremia in hemodialysis patients.
Erratum for modeling non‐isothermal crystallization in a BaO·2SiO2 glass
Authors: Van Hoesen D. C. , Xia Xinsheng , McKenzie Matthew E. , Kelton K. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe manuscript titled “Modeling nonisothermal crystallization in a BaO∙2SiO2 glass” contains two minor mistakes. This errata acknowledges and corrects the errors. The corrections clarify the details of the simulations performed in the original work and do not impact the results.
Prognostic implications of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia morphology in high‐risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Adduci Carmen , Boldini Francesca , Palano Francesca , Musumeci Beatrice , De Lucia Carmine , Russo Domitilla , Volpe Massimo , Autore Camillo , Francia Pietro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe prognostic impact of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) morphology has never been explored in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In a single‐center cohort of consecutive HCM patients implanted with an implanted cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD), we assessed NSVT morphology patterns and their prognostic implications.MethodsA cohort of consecutive HCM patients implanted with an ICD was followed from ICD implantation to last follow‐up visit. Patients were assessed for NSVT as stored events in ICD memory. Ventricular tachycardias (VTs) were classified as monomorphic (MM) or polymorphic according to intracardiac electrogram morphology.ResultsOne hundred nine consecutive HCM patients (68 males; mean age: 45 ± 17 years) composed the study population. During follow‐up (71 ± 48 months), 7 polymorphic NSVT in 4 patients and 370 MM NSVT in 42 patients were retrieved from ICD memory. Among patients with only MM NSVT, 19 (45%) had one morphology, 17 (41%) had two morphologies, 3 (7%) had three morphologies, and 3 (7%) had four morphologies. Patients with polymorphic NSVT had the highest risk of ICD interventions (HR, 5.04; 95% CI, 1.26‐20.19; P = .02). A stepwise increase of the risk of ICD interventions in patients with two, three, and four NSVT morphologies was observed. Out of 16 patients with both NSVT and ICD‐treated VTs, 13 (81%) had at least one ICD‐treated VT with the same morphology of a previous long‐lasting NSVT.ConclusionsIn high‐risk HCM patients, the occurrence of polymorphic NSVT and of NSVT with multiple morphologies carries a high risk for ICD interventions. Sustained VTs tend to recur with the same morphology of previous long‐lasting NSVTs.
Atrial tachycardia circuits include low voltage area from index atrial fibrillation ablation relationship between RF ablation lesion and AT
Authors: Kitamura Takeshi , Takigawa Masateru , Derval Nicolas , Denis Arnaud , Martin Ruairidh , Vlachos Konstantinos , Nakatani Yosuke , Frontera Antonio , Cheniti Ghassen , Martin Claire A. , Bourier Felix , Lam Anna , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Sacher Frédéric , Cochet Hubert , Hocini Meleze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo study to date has used high‐density mapping to investigate the relationship between prior radiofrequency (RF) lesions for persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) ablation and subsequent atrial tachycardias (ATs).MethodsFrom 41 consecutive patients who underwent AT ablation at a second procedure using an ultrahigh‐density mapping system, 22 patients (38 ATs) were included as they also had complete maps with a multipolar catheter and three‐dimensional (3D) mapping system at the time of the first PsAF ablation procedure. We, therefore, compared voltage maps from the first AF ablation procedure to those from the subsequent AT ablation procedure, as well as the lesion sets used for AF ablation vs the activation patterns in AT during the second procedure.ResultsIn the 38 ATs, 211 of 285 analyzed atrial areas displayed low voltage area (LVA) (74%). Eighteen percent (38/211) existed before the index ablation for AF while 82% (173/211) were newly identified as LVA during the second procedure. Ninety‐nine percent (172/173) of the newly developed LVA colocalized with RF lesions delivered for PsAF. Of the 38 ATs, 89.5% (34/38) AT circuits were associated with newly developed LVA due to RF lesions whilst 10.5% (4/38) AT circuits were associated with pre‐existing LVA observed at the index procedure. No AT circuit was completely independent from index RF lesions in this series.ConclusionsAnalysis of detailed 3D electroanatomical mapping demonstrates that most ATs after PsAF ablation are involving LVAs due to index RF lesions.
SNHG16/miR‐605‐3p/TRAF6/NF‐κB feedback loop regulates hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Hu Yi‐Lin , Feng Ying , Chen Yu‐Yan , Liu Jia‐Zhou , Su Yang , Li Peng , Huang Hua , Mao Qin‐Sheng , Xue Wan‐Jiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mechanism by which miR‐605‐3p regulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis has not been clarified. In this study, we found that miR‐605‐3p was down‐regulated in HCC and that low miR‐605‐3p expression was associated with tumour thrombus and tumour satellites. HCC patients with low miR‐605‐3p expression showed shorter overall survival and disease‐free survival after surgery. Overexpression of miR‐605‐3p inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis of HCC through NF‐κB signalling by directly inhibiting expression of TRAF6, while silencing of miR‐605‐3p had the opposite effect. We also found that SNHG16 directly bound to miR‐605‐3p as a competing endogenous RNA. Mechanistically, high expression of SNHG16 promoted binding to miR‐605‐3p and inhibited its activity, which led to up‐regulation of TRAF6 and sustained activation of the NF‐κB pathway, which in turn promoted epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis of HCC. TRAF6 increased SNHG16 promoter activity by activating NF‐κB, thereby promoting the transcriptional expression of SNHG16 and forming a positive feedback loop that aggravated HCC malignancy. Our findings reveal a mechanism for the sustained activation of the SNHG16/miR‐605‐3p/TRAF6/NF‐κB feedback loop in HCC and provide a potential target for a new HCC treatment strategy.
Plant cell totipotency: Insights into cellular reprogramming
Authors: Su Ying Hua , Tang Li Ping , Zhao Xiang Yu , Zhang Xian Sheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlant cells have a powerful capacity in their propagation to adapt to environmental change, given that a single plant cell can give rise to a whole plant via somatic embryogenesis without the need for fertilization. The reprogramming of somatic cells into totipotent cells is a critical step in somatic embryogenesis. This process can be induced by stimuli such as plant hormones, transcriptional regulators and stress. Here, we review current knowledge on how the identity of totipotent cells is determined and the stimuli required for reprogramming of somatic cells into totipotent cells. We highlight key molecular regulators and associated networks that control cell fate transition from somatic to totipotent cells. Finally, we pose several outstanding questions that should be addressed to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant cell totipotency.
Microglial lysophosphatidic acid promotes glioblastoma proliferation and migration via LPA1 receptor
Authors: Amaral Rackele F. , Geraldo Luiz H. M. , Einicker‐Lamas Marcelo , e Spohr Tania C. L. de S. , Mendes Fabio , Lima Flavia R. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive primary brain tumors characterized by cellular heterogeneity, insensitivity to chemotherapy and poor patient survival. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lysophospholipid that acts as a bioactive signaling molecule and plays important roles in diverse biological events during development and disease, including several cancer types. Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, express high levels of Autotaxin (ATX,Enpp2), an enzyme that synthetizes LPA. Our study aimed to investigate the role of LPA on tumor growth and invasion in the context of microglia‐GBM interaction. First, through bioinformatics studies, patient data analysis demonstrated that more aggressive GBM expressed higher levels of ENPP2, which was also associated with worse patient prognosis with proneural GBM. Using GBM‐microglia co‐culture system we then demonstrated that GBM secreted factors were able to increase LPA1 and ATX in microglia, which could be further enhanced by hypoxia. On the other hand, interaction with microglial cells also increased ATX expression in GBM. Furthermore, microglial‐induced GBM proliferation and migration could be inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of LPA1, suggesting that microglial‐derived LPA could support tumor growth and invasion. Finally, increased LPA1 expression was observed in GBM comparing with other gliomas and could be also associated with worse patient survival. These results show for the first time a microglia‐GBM interaction through the LPA pathway with relevant implications for tumor progression. A better understanding of this interaction can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies setting LPA as a potential target for GBM treatment.
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Commuting and migration
Authors: Brueckner Jan K. , Št'astná Lenka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the connection between interregional commuting and interregional migration, using data from the Czech Republic. In principle, prior commuting could either raise or lower the propensity to migrate, depending on whether the existence of commuting alters the benefits of migration by more than it changes the costs. The Czech data, however, indicate that commuting raises the likelihood of migration overall and for nonelderly age groups. But for the elderly, the effect is the reverse, with prior commuting making migration less likely.