bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positioning sulphonylureas in a modern treatment algorithm for patients with type 2 diabetes: Expert opinion from a European consensus panel
Authors: Consoli Agostino , Czupryniak Leszek , Duarte Rui , Jermendy György , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Mathieu Chantal , Melo Miguel , Mosenzon Ofri , Nobels Frank , Papanas Nikolaos , Roman Gabriela , Schnell Oliver , Sotiropoulos Alexis , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Tack Cees J. , Woo Vincent , Fadini Gian Paolo , Raz Itamar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe large number of pharmacological agents available to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) makes choosing the optimal drug for any given patient a complex task. Because newer agents offer several advantages, whether and when sulphonylureas (SUs) should still be used to treat T2D is controversial. Published treatment guidelines and recommendations should govern the general approach to diabetes management. However, expert opinions can aid in better understanding local practices and in formulating individual choices. The current consensus paper aims to provide additional guidance on the use of SUs in T2D. We summarize current local treatment guidelines in European countries, showing that SUs are still widely proposed as second‐line treatment after metformin and are often ranked at the same level as newer glucose‐lowering medications. Strong evidence now shows that sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are associated with low hypoglycaemia risk, promote weight loss, and exert a positive impact on vascular, cardiac and renal endpoints. Thus, using SUs in place of SGLT‐2is and GLP‐1RAs may deprive patients of key advantages and potentially important cardiorenal benefits. In subjects with ascertained cardiovascular disease or at very high cardiovascular risk, SGLT‐2is and/or GLP‐1RAs should be used as part of diabetes management, in the absence of contraindications. Routine utilization of SUs as second‐line agents continues to be acceptable in resource‐constrained settings.
Sex‐specific associations between cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: The ADVANCE‐ON study
Authors: Ohkuma Toshiaki , Peters Sanne A. E. , Jun Min , Harrap Stephen , Cooper Mark , Hamet Pavel , Poulter Neil , Chalmers John , Woodward Mark ,   the ADVANCE Collaborative Group
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo examine possible sex differences in the excess risk of myocardial infarction (MI) consequent to a range of conventional risk factors in a large‐scale international cohort of patients with diabetes, and to quantify these potential differences both on the relative and absolute scales.Materials and methodsEleven thousand and sixty‐five participants (42% women) with type 2 diabetes in the ADVANCE trial and its post‐trial follow‐up study, ADVANCE‐ON, were included. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between risk factors and MI (fatal and non‐fatal) by sex, and the women‐to‐men ratio of HRs (RHR).ResultsOver a median of 9.6 years of follow‐up, 719 patients experienced MI. Smoking status, smoking intensity, higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), HbA1c, total and LDL cholesterol, duration of diabetes, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI) and lower HDL cholesterol were associated with an increased risk of MI in both sexes. Furthermore, some variables were associated with a greater relative risk of MI in women than men: RHRs were 1.75 (95% CI: 1.05‐2.91) for current smoking, 1.53 (1.00‐2.32) for former smoking, 1.18 (1.02‐1.37) for SBP, and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.003‐1.26) for duration of diabetes. Although incidence rates of MI were higher in men (9.3 per 1000 person‐years) compared with women (5.8 per 1000 person‐years), rate differences associated with risk factors were greater in women than men, except for HDL cholesterol and BMI.ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, smoking, higher SBP and longer duration of diabetes had a greater relative and absolute effect in women than men, highlighting the importance of routine sex‐specific approaches and early interventions in women with diabetes.
Preclinical evaluation of tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitors for human beta‐cell protection in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Coomans de Brachène Alexandra , Castela Angela , Op de Beeck Anne , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Marselli Lorella , Marchetti Piero , Masse Craig , Miao Wenyan , Leit Silvana , Evans‐Molina Carmella , Eizirik Decio L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease leading to progressive loss of pancreatic beta cells. Interferon (IFN)‐α plays a critical role in the crosstalk between pancreatic beta cells and the immune system in early insulitis. In human beta cells IFNα signals through JAK1 and TYK2, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation and HLA class I overexpression. IFNα, acting synergistically with IL‐1β, induces apoptosis. Polymorphisms in TYK2 that decrease its activity are associated with protection against T1D, and we hypothesized that pharmacological inhibitors that specifically target TYK2 could protect human beta cells against the deleterious effects of IFNα.Materials and MethodsTwo TYK2 inhibitors provided by Nimbus Lakshmi were tested in human insulin‐producing EndoC‐βH1 cells and human islets to evaluate their effect on IFNα signalling, beta‐cell function and susceptibility to viral infection using RT‐qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA and nuclear dyes.ResultsThe two TYK2 inhibitors tested prevented IFNα‐induced human beta‐cell gene expression in a dose‐dependent manner. They also protected human islets against IFNα + IL‐1β‐induced apoptosis. Importantly, these inhibitors did not modify beta‐cell function or their survival following infection with the potential diabetogenic coxsackieviruses CVB1 and CVB5.ConclusionsThe two TYK2 inhibitors tested inhibit the IFNα signalling pathway in human beta cells, decreasing its pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic effects without sensitizing the cells to viral infection. The preclinical findings could pave the way for future clinical trials with TYK2 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Trophic control changes with season and nutrient loading in lakes
Authors: Rogers Tanya L. , Munch Stephan B. , Stewart Simon D. , Palkovacs Eric P. , Giron‐Nava Alfredo , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Symons Celia C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExperiments have revealed much about top‐down and bottom‐up control in ecosystems, but manipulative experiments are limited in spatial and temporal scale. To obtain a more nuanced understanding of trophic control over large scales, we explored long‐term time‐series data from 13 globally distributed lakes and used empirical dynamic modelling to quantify interaction strengths between zooplankton and phytoplankton over time within and across lakes. Across all lakes, top‐down effects were associated with nutrients, switching from negative in mesotrophic lakes to positive in oligotrophic lakes. This result suggests that zooplankton nutrient recycling exceeds grazing pressure in nutrient‐limited systems. Within individual lakes, results were consistent with a ‘seasonal reset’ hypothesis in which top‐down and bottom‐up interactions varied seasonally and were both strongest at the beginning of the growing season. Thus, trophic control is not static, but varies with abiotic conditions – dynamics that only become evident when observing changes over large spatial and temporal scales.
Dynamic oxygen changes during status epilepticus and subsequent endogenous kindling
Authors: Wolff Marshal D. , Farrell Jordan S. , Scantlebury Morris H. , Teskey G. Campbell 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveBrain tissue oxygen (partial oxygen pressure [pO2]) levels are tightly regulated to stay within the normoxic zone, with deviations on either side resulting in impaired brain function. Whereas pathological events such as ischemic attacks and brief seizures have previously been shown to result in pO2 levels well below the normoxic zone, oxygen levels during prolonged status epilepticus (SE) and the subsequent endogenous kindling period are unknown.MethodsWe utilized two models of acquired temporal lobe epilepsy in rats: intrahippocampal kainic acid infusion and prolonged perforant pathway stimulation. Local tissue oxygen was measured in the dorsal hippocampus using an optode during and for several weeks following SE.ResultsWe observed hyperoxia in the hippocampus during induced SE in both models. Following termination of SE, 88% of rats initiated focal self‐generated spiking activity in the hippocampus within the first 7 days, which was associated with dynamic oxygen changes. Self‐generated and recurring epileptiform activity subsequently organized into higher‐frequency bursts that became progressively longer and were ultimately associated with behavioral seizures that became more severe with time and led to postictal hypoxia.SignificanceInduced SE and self‐generated recurrent epileptiform activity can have profound and opposing effects on brain tissue oxygenation that may serve as a biomarker for ongoing pathological activity in the brain.
Living Unembodiment: Physicality and Body/Self Discontinuity Among African American Adolescent Girls
Authors: McClure Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial conditions shape health and health disparities. However, inquiry and intervention in the social determinants of health all too often rests on thin engagement with customary demographic correlates and predictors rather than robust, empirically and theoretically informed engagement with health and health disparity as biocultural phenomena—the integrated product of structure, materiality, and subjectivity. Within‐group variability is neglected. Lived experiences of nonnormative status in multiple, mutually informing cultural systems are undertheorized. This article reports on research addressing these gaps—a study exploring experiences of body/self discontinuity and physical‐activity engagement among African American adolescent girls. Data suggest that experiences of body/self discontinuity, or unembodiment, are common to membership in multiple, nonnormative social categories, vary in degree and quality, and may bear on disposition toward leisure‐time physical activity. Unembodiment shows promise as a means of characterizing variability in physical‐activity engagement within groups evincing low levels of this health behavior.
Next‐generation sequencing identifies novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Lobl Marissa B. , Hass Blake , Clarey Dillon , Higgins Shauna , Wysong Ashley 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) causes 1 million cases in the United States annually. There are germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that result in an increased risk of SCC and altered response to therapy.PremiseThere may be biologically relevant SNPs not detected using traditional GWAS studies.HypothesisThere are clinically and biologically relevant SNPs in high‐risk SCC that may only be appreciated with next‐generation sequencing.How to test hypothesisWe performed next‐generation sequencing (NGS) on primary SCCs using a targeted mutation panel with 76 cancer‐associated genes. We analysed the presence of SNPs in a cohort of 20 high‐risk SCCs compared to the American population (AP) (dbSNP).Relevance and perspectivesMissense rs3822214 was present in significantly more SCC cases versus the AP. While the remainder is synonymous SNPs, there is growing evidence suggesting clinical relevance of these variants. A larger cohort to validate these findings would be useful.
Hypertrophic scars and keloids: Overview of the evidence and practical guide for differentiating between these abnormal scars
Authors: Limandjaja Grace C. , Niessen Frank B. , Scheper Rik J. , Gibbs Susan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough hypertrophic scars and keloids both generate excessive scar tissue, keloids are characterized by their extensive growth beyond the borders of the original wound, which is not observed in hypertrophic scars. Whether or not hypertrophic scars and keloids are two sides of the same coin or in fact distinct entities remains a topic of much debate. However, proper comparison between the two ideally occurs within the same study, but this is the exception rather than the rule. For this reason, the goal of this review was to summarize and evaluate all publications in which both hypertrophic scars and keloids were studied and compared to one another within the same study. The presence of horizontal growth is the mainstay of the keloid diagnosis and remains the strongest argument in support of keloids and hypertrophic scars being distinct entities, and the histopathological distinction is less straightforward. Keloidal collagen remains the strongest keloid parameter, but dermal nodules and α‐SMA immunoreactivity are not limited to hypertrophic scars alone. Ultimately, the current hypertrophic scars‐keloid differences are mostly quantitative in nature rather than qualitative, and many similar abnormalities exist in both lesions. Nonetheless, the presence of similarities does not equate the absence of fundamental differences, some of which may not yet have been uncovered given how much we still have to learn about the processes involved in normal wound healing. It therefore seems pertinent to continue treating hypertrophic scars and keloids as separate entities, until such a time as new findings more decisively convinces us otherwise.
A Dyadic Analysis of Depressive Symptoms, Harsh Parenting, and Rejection in Filipino Mothers and Fathers
Authors: Jocson Rosanne M. 
Published: June 2020

This study examines within‐person and cross‐person relations between depressive symptoms, harsh parenting, and parental rejection in low‐income Filipino mothers and fathers of adolescents using an actor–partner interdependence model (APIM). Mother and father dyads (N = 81, Mage = 43.48, SD = 8.66) recruited from urban neighborhoods in the Philippines completed orally administered questionnaires on depressive symptoms, harsh parenting, and rejection. Results showed that mothers' scores and fathers' scores on depressive symptoms did not significantly differ and that mothers scored significantly higher than fathers on harsh parenting and rejection. Dyadic analyses using the APIM showed that the actor effect of depressive symptoms on harsh parenting was statistically significant for fathers only and that the actor effects of depressive symptoms on rejection were statistically significant for both mothers and fathers. No partner effects on harsh parenting and rejection were statistically significant. These findings contribute to the robust evidence linking parental depressive symptoms to negative parenting behaviors and highlight the need to attend to both fathers' psychological health and mothers' psychological health in efforts to reduce harsh and rejecting parenting behaviors among Filipino parents.
A continuum damage mechanics method for fracture simulation of quasi‐brittle materials
Authors: Sun Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses a novel continuum damage‐based method for simulating failure process of quasi‐brittle materials starting from local damage initiation to final fracture. In the developed method, the preset characteristic length field is used to evaluate damage instead of element, which is used to reduce the spurious sensitivity. In addition, damage is only updated in the most dangerous location at a time for considering stress redistribution due to damage evolution, which is used to simulate competitive fracture process. As cases study, representative numerical simulations of two benchmark tests are given to verify the performance of the developed continuum damage‐based method together with a used damage model. The simulation results of the crack paths for two concrete specimens obtained from the developed method matched well with the corresponding experimental results. The results show that the developed continuum damage‐based method is effective and can be used to simulate damage and fracture process of brittle or quasi‐brittle materials. And the simulation results based on the developed method depend only the preset characteristic length field and not grid mesh.
Crack localization in stepped rotors based on Bayesian fusion of multiscale superharmonic characteristic deflection shapes
Authors: Lu Zhiwen , Cao Shancheng , Ouyang Huajiang , Yuan Rui , Lv Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA crack is one of the most dangerous faults in rotors of key rotating machinery. In order to make reasonable maintenance, crack localization for rotors under operational conditions is very important and full of challenges. Focusing on crack localization in rotating rotors, a new crack localization method for stepped rotors based on Bayesian fusion of multiscale superharmonic characteristic deflection shapes (SCDSs) is proposed. The non‐linearity induced by cracks is utilized to eliminate the interference of stiffness reduction by steps in the rotor, and the noise‐robustness issue is tackled by casting the SCDSs into multiscale SCDSs with multiscale space theory. Moreover, Bayesian fusion is applied to the multiscale SCDSs to derive a new damage index to localize cracks. Numerical and experimental investigations are conducted to validate the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method is effective, accurate and robust for single or multiple crack localization in stepped rotors, and thus, it has a great potential in practical applications.
Acquired bleeding disorders
Authors: Tiede Andreas , Zieger Barbara , Lisman Ton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcquired bleeding disorders can accompany hematological, neoplastic, autoimmune, cardiovascular or liver diseases, but can sometimes also arise spontaneously. They can manifest as single factor deficiencies or as complex hemostatic abnormalities. This review addresses (a) acquired hemophilia A, an autoimmune disorder characterized by inhibitory autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII; (b) acquired von Willebrand syndrome in patients with cardiovascular disorders, where shear stress abnormalities result in destruction of von Willebrand factor; and (c) liver function disorders that comprise complex changes in pro‐ and anti‐hemostatic factors, whose clinical implications are often difficult to predict. The article provides an overview on the pathophysiology, diagnostic tests and state‐of‐the‐art treatment strategies.
2‐Hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde inhibits the growth of Aspergillus flavus via damaging cell wall, cell membrane, manipulating respiration thus creating a promising antifungal effect on corn kernels
Authors: Li Qian , Zhu Xiaoman , Xie Yanli , Ren Shilin 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis study investigated the antifungal activity and the potential antifungal mechanisms of 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HMB in preventing spore germination was 70 μg mL−1. HMB at MIC disrupted cell wall integrity by reducing the number of septa by 86.66% (P < 0.05) in mycelia and increased cell membrane permeability by about 14‐fold (P < 0.05) evidenced by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Furthermore, HMB at MIC inhibited respiration by 33.33%. These results revealed that the antifungal activity of HMB against A. flavus could be attributed to the damaged cell wall integrity, cell membrane permeability and respiration metabolism. What’s more, A. flavus was completely restrained in corn kernels due to HMB. Therefore, HMB could be applied as an effective antifungal agent.
How did subterranean amphipods cross the Adriatic Sea? Phylogenetic evidence for dispersal–vicariance interplay mediated by marine regression–transgression cycles
Authors: Delić Teo , Stoch Fabio , Borko Špela , Flot Jean‐François , Fišer Cene 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimFreshwater subterranean amphipods with low dispersal abilities are known from both sides of the impermeable barrier, the Adriatic Sea. We tested the hypothesis that historical marine regression–transgression cycles shaped the distribution patterns of subterranean amphipods through repeated cycles of dispersal and vicariance against the hypothesis that subterranean amphipods colonized both sides of the Adriatic Sea independently.LocationWestern Balkan Peninsula, Adriatic Sea Islands and Apennine Peninsula, Europe.TaxonGenusNiphargus, a clade of freshwater subterranean amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda).MethodsThe taxonomic structure of the studied clade was revised using unilocus species delimitation methods. The timeframe of cladogenetic events was inferred using a multi‐locus time‐calibrated phylogeny and compared to the main regression–transgression events in the Miocene and Pleistocene. The geographical origin of the studied clade, species range expansions and contractions, as well as vicariance events were assessed through modelling of historical biogeography.ResultsSubterranean amphipods of the genusNiphargus,found on both sides of the Adriatic Sea, form a monophylum. The reconstructions of ancestral ranges suggest that the clade emerged in the Balkan Peninsula, dispersed three times independently to the Apennine Peninsula and once back to the Balkans. Adriatic Islands were colonized multiple times, predominantly from the Balkan Peninsula. The dispersal–vicariance events correspond to historical regression–transgression cycles in Miocene and Pleistocene.Main conclusionsMarine regression–transgression cycles apparently shaped the distribution patterns of subterranean amphipods while the alternative hypothesis received no support. The actual distribution of subterranean faunas apparently reflects old biogeographical events.
Endo‐epicardial ablation vs endocardial ablation for the management of ventricular tachycardia in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Romero Jorge , Patel Kavisha , Briceno David , Alviz Isabella , Gabr Mohamed , Diaz Juan Carlos , Trivedi Chintan , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Della Rocca Domenico , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Yang Ruike , Rios Saul , Cerna Luis , Du Xianfeng , Tarantino Nicola , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Natale Andrea , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pathologic process of ARVC (arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) typically originates in the epicardium or subepicardial layers with progression toward endocardium. However, in the most recent ARVC international task force consensus statement, epicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation is recommended as a Class I indication only in patients with at least one failed endocardial VT ablation attempt.ObjectiveThe aim of this meta‐analysis is to assess the outcomes of ARVC patients undergoing combined endo‐epicardial VT ablation, as compared to endocardial ablation alone.MethodsA systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane was performed for studies reporting clinical outcomes of endo‐epicardial VT ablation vs endocardial‐only VT ablation in patients with ARVC. Fixed‐Effect model was used if I2 < 25 and the Random‐Effects Model was used if I2 ≥ 25%.ResultsNine studies consisting of 452 patients were included (mean age 42.3 ± 5.7 years; 70% male). After a mean follow‐up of 48.1 ± 21.5 months, endo‐epicardial ablation was associated with 42% relative risk reduction in VA recurrence as opposed to endocardial ablation alone (risk ratio [RR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45‐0.75; P < .0001). No significant differences were noted between endo‐epicardial and endocardial VT ablation groups in terms of all‐cause mortality (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.03‐47.08; P = .93) and acute procedural complications (RR, 5.39; 95% CI, 0.60‐48.74; P = .13).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in patients with ARVC, endo‐epicardial VT ablation is associated with a significant reduction in VA recurrence as opposed to endocardial ablation alone, without a significant difference in all‐cause mortality or acute procedural complications.