bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role expansion for nurses in the cardiac catheter laboratory: findings from a systematic scoping review
Authors: Gillingham Iain , Neubeck Lis , Williams Brian , Dawkes Susan 
Published: April 2020

Background/aims The cardiac catheter laboratory offers services to patients with a variety of conditions. These may include coronary heart disease, structural heart disorders and cardiac electrophysiological syndromes. Owing to the complex nature of an evolving health service and the increasing demands placed on healthcare workers, it is essential that innovative paradigms of service delivery are identified. This scoping review examines the state of knowledge regarding the rationale for change, solutions and potential consequences of expanding the roles of nurses in the cardiac catheter lab. Methods An exploratory scoping study approach was employed, using an established framework. Databases searched included the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline and Google Scholar. A systematic search strategy spanning a date range from 1988–2018 was formulated. Titles and abstracts of 172 papers were screened; a total of 20 papers were identified for full review, including 16 from the UK, one from the United States, two from Europe and one from Australia. Results Literature to date concentrated on seven key areas: (1) drivers for change, (2) principles underpinning change, (3) ways of developing the workforce, (4) appropriate change management, (5) recommendations for practice, (6) barriers and facilitators, and (7) outcomes. Conclusions The cardiac catheter lab is under pressure to meet the variable demands placed upon it. There is documented evidence of a shortage of cardiac physiologists, which has a direct and measurable impact on operational efficiency and patient care. The concept of expanding the nurse's role to incorporate aspects of the cardiac physiologist's role has been explored and could be a potential solution. Role expansion and advanced practice is a well-explored model in nursing. There are many themes associated with this issue, which are outlined in this paper. There needs to be more evidence surrounding the patient's perceptions in relation to professional roles in the workplace. An economic evaluation of the costs and benefits of a multiskilled workforce would be a challenging but worthwhile endeavour.
Designing silicon-core fiber tapers for efficient supercontinuum generation in the greenhouse gas absorption region
Authors: Campling J. , Horak P. , Peacock A. C. 
Published: April 2020

We propose a tapered silicon-core optical fiber design for extending the long-wavelength edge of supercontinuum generation to obtain a high spectral density source across the 3–4.5 µm regime. The taper works by generating sufficient spectral broadening of the driving laser pulse to produce a series of pumps for nondegenerate four-wave mixing, and then opening up new phase-matching conditions to transfer the power from these pumps to a target region of mid-infrared wavelengths. We show, by simulation, that this taper design works effectively when pumped with a conventional 2.1 µm femtosecond fiber laser, significantly improving the spectral coverage obtained with a fixed-diameter fiber. Thus, these tapered silicon-core fibers offer a potential platform for an efficient all-fiber spectroscopy solution to measure greenhouse gases.
Wörterbücher im Unterricht nutzen und eigene Wörterbuchartikel erstellen. Das Denkwerk-Projekt Schüler machen Wörterbücher – Wörterbücher machen Schule
Authors: Nolting Antje , Radtke Nadja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe article shows how the topic of dictionaries can be dealt with in German language teaching and how this subject has the potential to acquaint learners with a descriptive and data-driven perspective on language. The project Denkwerk, realized as cooperation among the Institute for German Language, the University of Mannheim and two regional secondary schools, fostered the students’ intellectual curiosity and their interest in discovering linguistic details. Using empirical methods like corpus analysis, pupils learned both how to write wiki-based dictionary articles on their own and how to publish them in the Denktionary, the dictionary of the project. Our contribution describes the didactic and organisational framework of the project, its aims and contents, its schedule of events, as well as the structure of dictionary articles in the Denktionary, and the observed advantages of such a wiki-based system.
The long and the short of it: a brief study of the coverage and retrieval processes of shortened forms in English online monolingual learner’s dictionaries from an EFL-user perspective
Authors: Pike Kevin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increasing usage of shortened forms in everyday spoken and written English can prove to be a substantial challenge for EFL learners at any level, both in terms of decoding and, albeit maybe to a lesser extent, encoding. This article takes a learner-based approach and assesses the needs of the learners, maps their lexicographic search routes via the outer access structure, and at the microstructural level it critically analyses the lexicographical portrayal of selected types of shortened form in three of the online English monolingual learners’ dictionaries (OMLD). A number of particular learner’s issues thereby arise and proposals for improvements to the outer and inner access structures in order to facilitate usage, to prevent waste in terms of lexicographic information costs and to enhance the acquisition of encyclopaedic knowledge are posited.
Testing of Nanofluids and Their Machining Performance Evaluation
Authors: Pasam Vamsi Krishna , Revuru Rukmini Srikant , Neelam Parimala 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to evaluate the thermophysical properties and performance of vegetable oil–based nano-cutting fluids while turning American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 1040 steel. Nano boric acid particles in different proportions (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 % w/w) are dispersed in coconut oil. The nano-cutting fluids thus formulated are tested for density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity. Empirical relations are used to evaluate specific heat and heat transfer coefficients. These nanofluids are then applied during machining through minimum quantity lubrication technique. Microbial contamination and biodegradability tests are conducted to assess the quality of nano-cutting fluids. It is observed that the contribution of depth of cut is 46 % and the contribution of nanoparticle inclusions (NPI) is 31.29 % in minimizing the cutting temperatures. Optimum machining performance is influenced mainly by NPI followed by depth of cut, cutting speed, and then feed rate.
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Neurons Regulate Growth Hormone Secretion via Short-Loop Negative Feedback
Authors: Wasinski Frederick , Pedroso João A.B. , dos Santos Willian O. , Furigo Isadora C. , Garcia-Galiano David , Elias Carol F. , List Edward O. , Kopchick John J. , Szawka Raphael E. , Donato Jose 
Published: April 2020

Classical studies suggest that growth hormone (GH) secretion is controlled by negative-feedback loops mediated by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)- or somatostatin-expressing neurons. Catecholamines are known to alter GH secretion and neurons expressing TH are located in several brain areas containing GH-responsive cells. However, whether TH-expressing neurons are required to regulate GH secretion via negative-feedback mechanisms is unknown. In the present study, we showed that between 50% and 90% of TH-expressing neurons in the periventricular, paraventricular, and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei and locus ceruleus of mice exhibited STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) after an acute GH injection. Ablation of GH receptor (GHR) from TH cells or in the entire brain markedly increased GH pulse secretion and body growth in both male and female mice. In contrast, GHR ablation in cells that express the dopamine transporter (DAT) or dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH; marker of noradrenergic/adrenergic cells) did not affect body growth. Nevertheless, less than 50% of TH-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus were found to express DAT. Ablation of GHR in TH cells increased the hypothalamic expression ofGhrhmRNA, although very few GHRH neurons were found to coexpress TH- and GH-induced pSTAT5. In summary, TH neurons that do not express DAT or DBH are required for the autoregulation of GH secretion via a negative-feedback loop. Our findings revealed a critical and previously unidentified group of catecholaminergic interneurons that are apt to sense changes in GH levels and regulate the somatotropic axis in mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTextbooks indicate until now that the pulsatile pattern of growth hormone (GH) secretion is primarily controlled by GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin neurons. The regulation of GH secretion relies on the ability of these cells to sense changes in circulating GH levels to adjust pituitary GH secretion within a narrow physiological range. However, our study identifies a specific population of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons that is critical to autoregulate GH secretion via a negative-feedback loop. The lack of this mechanism in transgenic mice results in aberrant GH secretion and body growth. Since GH plays a key role in cell proliferation, body growth, and metabolism, our findings provide a major advance to understand how the brain regulates the somatotropic axis.
Exploring the Lives, Communities, and Social Circles of Individuals with Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities through Photo Voice
Authors: Wendling Lauren A , Katie Brooks  
Published: April 2020

The voices of individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD) are valuable and much needed in community-based research. In this study, Photo Voice provided a way to engage individuals with IDD in research exploring their lives, communities, and social circles through photography. Enabling community members to serve as co-researchers and catalysts for change in their own communities, Photo Voices is a research methodology that seeks to 1) enable people to record and reflect their community’s assets and needs, 2) promote dialogue and action about important issues raised through group discussions and photographs, and 3) reach local and/or national policymakers. This Indianapolis-based study involved nine co-researchers, all of whom live with an IDD, who came together to discuss their lives and communities through photography. The following six themes emerged from discussions about their photographs and are presented as points of discussion: 1) the significance of place, 2) the primacy of friends, 3) the importance of social activities and community participation, 4) pride in the ability to live independently, 5) the low profile of family and staff members, and 6) the absence of romantic partners. Discussions about the co-researchers’ photographs uncovered important themes regarding social relationships, community participation, and independence that led to action in the form of a letter writing campaign to local and national policymakers and a public art show to display and discuss their photography.
Investigating the Musculoskeletal Disorders among Computer Users of Lordegan Health Network by ROSA Method and CMDQ Questionnaire
Authors: Jalilpour Yasser , Ebrahimi Ghavamabadi Leila , Fouladi Dehaghi Behzad , Rajabi-Vardanjani Hassan , Jahanifar Mojtaba 
Published: April 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are common consequences of inappropriate computer work conditions. Employees are job groups who spend many office hours working on computers. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among computer users of the health network of Lordegan city and its impact on their daily activities. Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and was determined as one of the quantitative researches. This descriptive-analytical study was performed with the use of systematic random sampling, and the samples were picked from the statistical population of 500 employees of Lordegan Health Network. A sample size of 217 persons was selected, which had at least one year of work experience and at least 3 hours a day working in front of a computer. The Cornell questionnaire was applied in order to specify the rate of pain and discomfort and its effect on the employees' daily activities. Then, the ROSA method was utilized to assess the ergonomics of the office strain rate of users. The results were analyzed with the use of the chi-square test and SPSS v.25 software. Results: A significant difference was seen between the rate of pain and discomfort and the effect of pain on daily activities in different body parts of computer users based on age, work experience (P<0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between ROSA final score and age variables and work experience (P<0.05). The results of the ROSA evaluation declared that 53.9% of persons were exposed at medium to high-risk levels. Conclusion: The ROSA method was appropriate for detecting risk factors for office work and was able to identify deficiencies existed in workstations. Concerning the postures and jobs in the office department, the ROSA method was able to identify musculoskeletal disorders of the office employees in health care. The CMDQ questionnaire could determine the rate and effect of pain and discomfort on different body parts for these employees.
Hemoglobinopathies in Iran: An Updated Review
Authors: Nasiri Abolfazl , Rahimi Zohreh , Vaisi-Raygani Asad 
Published: April 2020

Hemoglobinopathies are the most common single gene disorders (monogenic disorders) in the world population. Due to specific position of Iran and the presence of multi-ethnic groups in the country, there are many varieties in the molecular genetics and clinical features of hemoglobinopathies in Iran. Hemoglobinopathies include structural variants, thalassemias, and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. In this review, we look at the common structural variants in various parts of the country along with their hematological and clinical characteristics. Also, we discuss about the burden of the thalassemias in the country, different types, complications, molecular defects and therapy.
COVID-19 Preparedness in a Neonatal Unit at a Tertiary Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Saggers Robin T. , Ramdin Tanusha D. , Bandini Rossella M. , Ballot Daynia E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to South Africa and poses an infection risk in pregnant women and their newborns, as well as health-care workers and other patients.

Objective: To discuss the implementation of international and local recommendations, and any additional actions undertaken at our Neonatal Unit in order to prepare for COVID-19.

Discussion: Standard precautions in order to prepare a facility and its personnel to safely care for COVID-19 patients as outlined by the World Health Organization procedures have been implemented. Further actions undertaken in our Neonatal Unit included the creation of standard operating procedures, increased communication between neonatal and obstetric teams, limiting staff exposure, the creation of disposable resuscitation boxes to attend deliveries, reallocation of a triage area in the high care ward to an isolation area for sick newborns of suspected or confirmed maternal COVID-19 cases, staff training on personal protective equipment procedures and initiation of an online resources portal for neonatal staff.

Conclusion: A rational approach to suspected cases and infection control in-line with local and international guidelines as well as ongoing education should diminish anxiety amongst health-care professionals and provide the best possible care to patients. South Africa is a low-to-middle income country, and the lack of resources available means we cannot increase our capacity, staffing numbers or available equipment. Yet, we must be as prepared, adaptable and efficient as possible to maximize the resources and equipment we have available to us.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA ARITMATIKA SOSIAL BERDASARKAN TAHAPAN NEWMAN
Authors: Jami Marselina Para , Murniasih Tatik Retno , Yuwono Timbul 
Published: April 2020

Aritmatika sosial adalah materi yang berkaitan dengan jual beli, untung dan rugi. Berdasarkan obeservasi dan pengalaman didapatkan banyaknya peserta didik yang melakukan kesalahan saat menyelesaikan soal cerita terutama materi Aritmatika Sosial. Dengan demikian, dibutuhkan sebuah metode ilmiah untuk mengatasi dengan cara menganalisis kesalahan tersebut, salah satu metode ilmiah yang bisa digunakan adalah tahapan Newman. Berdasarkan tahapan Newman ada 5 jenis kesalahan peserta didik, yaitu: kesalahan membaca (reading errors), kesalahan memahami (comprehension errors), kesalahan transformasi (transformation errors), kesalahan keterampilan proses (process skill errors), dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir (encoding errors). Pendekatan penelitian yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan isntrumen diantaranya tes tertulis dan wawancara. Subjek wawancara sebanyak 5 peserta didik yang diambil berdasarkan tipe kesalahan berdasarkan tahapan Newman. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan yaitu persentase kesalahan membaca (reading errors) sebesar 0%, kesalahan memahami sebesar (comprehension errors) sebesar 54%, kesalahan transformasi (transformation errors) sebesar 92%, kesalahan keterampilan proses (process skill errors) sebesar 54%, dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir (encoding errors) sebesar 61%.
Integration of NMR and Conventional Logs for Vuggy Facies Classification in the Arbuckle Formation: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Xu Rui , Deng Tianqi , Jiang Jiajun , Jobe Dawn , Xu Chicheng 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Diagenetic effects in carbonate rocks can enhance or occlude depositional pore space. Reliable identification of porosity-enhancing diagenetic features (e.g., vugs and fractures) is essential for petrophysical characterization of reservoir properties (e.g., porosity and permeability), construction of geological and reservoir models, reserve estimation, and production forecasting. Challenges remain in characterizing these diagenetic features from well logs as they are often mixed with variations in mineral and fluid concentrations. Herein, we explore a data-driven approach that is based on a comprehensive well log data set from the Arbuckle Formation in Kansas to classify vuggy facies in carbonate rocks. The available well log data include conventional logs (gamma ray (GRTC), resistivity (RT), neutron/density porosity (NPHI/RHOB), photoelectric factor (PE), and acoustic slowness) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) transverse relaxation time (T2) logs. We parameterized the measured T2 distribution using a multimodal lognormal Gaussian density function and combined the resulting Gaussian parameters with conventional logs as inputs into three supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms; namely, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network (ANN). The facies labeling data used in this study were based on visual examination of vug sizes from core samples, which include five classes; namely, nonvuggy, pinpoint-size, centimeter-size, fist-size, and super-vuggy. In total, 80% of the data set was used as the training set, and a fivefold cross validation was used for hyperparameter tuning. We conducted a detailed comparison of the above three ML algorithms on the basis of different combinations of features. The highest classification accuracy achieved on the holdout testing set is 84% using SVM on a combination of conventional logs and selected NMR Gaussian parameters as inputs. In general, inclusion of conventional log data improves the prediction accuracy compared with using NMR data alone. Feature selection improves the performance for SVM and ANN but is not recommended for RF.
The differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to stresses indicate expression and sequence divergences
Authors: Lian Shuaibin , Zhou Yongjie , Liu Zixiao , Gong Andong , Cheng Lin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Theoretically, paralogous genes generated through whole genome duplications should share identical expression levels due to their identical sequences and chromatin environments. However, functional divergences and expression differences have arisen due to selective pressures throughout evolution. A comprehensive investigation of the expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs in response to various stresses and a study of correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs are needed. Results In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of paralogous genes under different types of stress and investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs. We analyzed the differential expression patterns of the paralogs under four different types of stress (drought, cold, infection, and herbivory) and classified them into three main types according to their expression patterns. We then further analyzed the differential expression patterns under various degrees of stress and constructed corresponding co-expression networks of differentially expressed paralogs and transcription factors. Finally, we investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs and identified positive correlations between expression level and sequence divergence. With regard to sequence divergence, we identified correlations between selective pressures and phylogenetic relationships. Conclusions These results shed light on differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to environmental stresses and are helpful for understanding the relationships between expression levels and sequences divergences.