bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalized bio-spinning silk fiber scaffolds containing Mg2+ with osteoimmunomodulatory and osteogenesis abilities for critical-sized bone defect regeneration
Authors: Xu Xiang , Wang Yi , Zhu Siyu , Xu Qian , Liu Zulan , Cheng Guotao , Long Dingpei , Cheng Lan , Dai Fangyin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Severe bone defects remain a significant clinical challenge, necessitating the development of advanced bone repair scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility, precise immune modulation, and robust support for vascularization and osteogenesis. Silk fibroin (SF), a polymer renowned for its outstanding biocompatibility, has been widely used in bone repair scaffold materials. However, its complex fabrication process limits its broader clinical application. In this study, flat silkworm cocoon (FSC), characterized by continuous silk fibers, a porous hierarchical structure, and superior mechanical properties, was utilized for the first time to fabricate bio-scaffolds (TH-PDA@Mg) designed for sustained magnesium ion release in bone repair applications. FSC scaffolds featuring surface pores and extracellular matrix-like structures were successfully prepared using hot-press and surface modification techniques. Magnesium ions were effectively assembled onto FSC scaffolds via polydopamine (PDA)-mediated adhesive interactions. The resulting TH-PDA@Mg scaffolds demonstrated enhanced osteogenic properties, exceptional mechanical strength, superior surface characteristics, and excellent biocompatibility. In vitro analyses revealed that these scaffolds supported cell adhesion, promoted stem cell proliferation, and facilitated osteogenic differentiation due to the synergistic effects of SF and magnesium ions. Furthermore, they exhibited immunomodulatory properties by promoting M2 macrophage polarization while suppressing M1 macrophage activity. In vivo studies using a rat model of critical-sized cranial bone defects showed that the TH-PDA@Mg scaffolds accelerated bone regeneration, enhanced angiogenesis, and mitigated inflammation. These findings highlight the remarkable osteogenic and immunomodulatory potential of functional bio-spinning silk fiber scaffolds, underscoring their promise as a therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.
Aristotle on the Essence of Human Thought
Authors: Corcilius Klaus , Falcon Andrea , Roreitner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This book is concerned with Aristotle’s definition of the human capacity for rational thinking (nous) offered in De anima. For Aristotle, nous is the principle, and ultimate explanans, of all the phenomena of human thinking. The book presents an in-depth interpretation of De anima III 4–8 as a single and coherent philosophical argument. More specifically, the book argues for the following views: (i) Rationalism. Humans come to know the world via two fundamentally different cognitive powers: nous and perception. They are fundamentally different cognitive powers because the nature of their corresponding object is fundamentally different;
(ii) Essentialism. The human power for thinking is defined as a capacity for directly grasping the essences of everything there is, including itself. It is this very capacity that Aristotle shows to be the principle of all other kinds of human thinking;
(iii) Separatism. Human nous is unmixed with the body, has no dedicated bodily organ, and is separable from the body. As a result, it cannot be assimilated to any of the other parts of the soul. While nous belongs to our essence as human beings, it is not part of the natural world;
(iv) Embeddedness in the cognitive soul. Human nous is embedded in a cognitive soul. Among other things, this means that the distinctive activity of human nous—thinking—can only take place in the context of a larger set of activities which are common to the body and the soul.
Introduction
Authors: Corcilius Klaus , Falcon Andrea , Roreitner Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The introduction places Aristotle’s account of nous in the context of Aristotle’s inquiry into the soul. It argues that this inquiry does not offer an account of the thinking mind in the sense of an account of the phenomena of the mental. Aristotle’s De anima is not—at least not immediately—concerned with explanations of the phenomena of the mental; its central concern rather is with the definition of the principle on the basis of which scientists are able to come up with such explanations. The chapter also discusses the sections of De anima devoted to the views of Aristotle’s predecessors on the soul as well as his treatment of perception and phantasia insofar as they are relevant for his account of the thinking capacity.
The Unity of Stoic Metaphysics
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Everything is Something is a book about Stoic metaphysics. It argues that the Stoics were sophisticated metaphysical thinkers responding to Plato’s Sophist and forging a bold new path between materialism and idealism, with a one-world metaphysics best characterized as non-reductive physicalism. The book is divided into five sections. Section I, Something, develops the suggestion that the Stoics arrived at the genus Something and their two ontological criteria for being Something by careful reflection on Plato’s Sophist, finding new depth to Plato’s challenges as well as to the Stoic response. Section II, Bodies, offers an account of Stoic corporealism that takes us from the ontology of what exists to the metaphysics of body, how body is the fundamental grounds of the cosmos, and how qualities can be corporeal. Section III, Incorporeals, takes us beyond corporealism to physicalism. It argues that the Stoic incorporeals—space, time, and the lekta, or sayables—are all dependent on body for their subsistence, inheriting their spatial, temporal, and semantic properties from underlying body without being nothing but the body. Section IV, Neither Corporeal nor Incorporeal, argues in support of a tripartite ontology that includes a third class of entities that are neither corporeal nor incorporeal—limits of the continuum, geometrical limits, and creatures of fiction. Section V, Everything, returns to the Stoic ontology, arguing that concepts are not Something, thus no reason remains to posit a further class of entities, Not-Somethings (outina), in metaphysical limbo between Something and nothing at all. The genus Something is complete and comprehensive as it stands. Everything is Something.
The Categories, A Fresh Start
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 shows that the Stoic Categories proceed not by the composition of one thing out of many, as in the cosmology, nor by putting the first two Categories in the role of matter and form, but by the constitution of one thing out of one (and only one) other, as a statue is constituted by its clay, or a fist by a hand. This schema is not tasked with unity and generation, but with explaining the identity conditions, kinds, and qualities of an individual once it is generated. It is a self-consciously mereological analysis that makes each of us—all plants, animals, and artifacts—four bodies, which stand to each other in a nested one-to-one relation such that each constitutes the next as its substrate. Thus it is bodies all the way down and nothing incorporeal is ever invoked in the Stoic analysis of identity conditions, kinds, or qualities.
Creatures of Fiction
Authors: de Harven Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 14 completes the case for what is neither corporeal nor incorporeal by appeal to Seneca, Epistle 58, a subject of much dispute. It argues that in explicitly distancing himself from the Stoic genus Something, Seneca calls himself out as heterodox in this commitment, thus giving valuable evidence about the Stoic orthodoxy, namely that Something is the highest ontological genus and centaurs and giants are among what there is. We are also given a valuable description of these fictions as things that are accessible to the mind, having been falsely formed by thought and taken on some image or life of their own despite lacking corporeal substance. To paraphrase: creatures of fiction are Something objectively available for thought and discourse despite the fact that they are made up and don’t exist because they have taken on a life of their own through the stories and illustrations that portray them. They are grounded in body.
Inclusion and exclusion
Authors: Landy Joshua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the depiction of community in Proust. In Proust’s novel, salon life is famously riddled with vapidity, insularity, prejudice, cliquishness, inauthenticity, callousness, and hunger for power. Indeed, everywhere you look in the social world, you’ll find arbitrary systems of inclusion and exclusion, making insiders feel spuriously special at the cost of everyone else. There are only two kinds of community that seem to provide an exception: the community of same-sex desire and the community of art. In front of a great painting, brilliant novel, or spectacular piece of music, all are welcome, and no one is excluded because of who they are.
Association between neighborhood walkability and physical activity in a community-based twin sample
Authors: Duncan Glen E , Hurvitz Philip M , Williams Bethany D , Avery Ally R , Pilgrim Matthew J D , Tsang Siny , Amram Ofer , Mooney Stephen J , Rundle Andrew G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigated associations between neighborhood walkability and physical activity using twins (5477 monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic pairs) as “quasi-experimental” controls of genetic and shared environment (familial) factors that would otherwise confound exposure-outcome associations. Walkability comprised intersection density, population density, and destination accessibility. Outcomes included self-reported weekly minutes of neighborhood walking and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and days per week using transit services (eg, bus, commuter rail). There was a positive association between walkability and walking, which remained significant after controlling for familial and demographic factors: a 1% increase in walkability was associated with a 0.42% increase in neighborhood walking. There was a positive association between walkability and MVPA, which was not significant after considering familial and demographic factors. In twins with at least 1 day of transit use, a 1-unit increase in log (walkability) was associated with a 6.7% increase in transit use days; this was not significant after considering familial and demographic factors. However, higher walkability reduced the probability of no transit use by 32%, considering familial and demographic factors. Using a twin design to improve causal inference, walkability was associated with walking, whereas walkability and both MVPA and absolute transit use were confounded by familial and demographic factors.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Environmental Epidemiology.
Development of a Bacillus subtilis genome vector system that can transmit synthesized genomes
Authors: Itaya Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cloning of small DNA segments has been established using Escherichia coli plasmids. The cloned DNA can be transferred to various cells using transformation. In contrast, cloning of large DNA segments of more than several hundred kilobase pairs has been limited to the Bacillus subtilis genome cloning system. The advantage of giant DNA cloned by B. subtilis is that all kinds of gene editing can be implemented by the high and strict natural transformation ability of the host. However, the following transfer step of giant synthesized and edited genomes to different cell systems requires a special system by avoiding exposure in liquid. The use of a conjugational plasmid pLS20 that was developed for 20 years improves the B. subtilis genome vector establishment process from scratch. The use of the unique B. subtilis genome vector system from synthesis to transmitting genomes is now being manipulated and summarized for the first time.
The (In)Stability of Punishment Preferences: Implications for Empirical Desert
Authors: Uhl Andrzej , Pickett Justin T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Are public preferences for the type or amount of punishment stable? Instability over short periods would complicate empirical desert by undercutting the value of public preferences as policy guides. Using longitudinal, cross-national survey data from Central Europe, we examined within-person stability in punishment preferences along several dimensions: type, amount, and rank order. Individual-level instability was common; respondents frequently changed their punishment preferences across waves. In the aggregate, public opinion was more stable. Our findings support the ‘qualified public input’ model of policy making—aggregate preferences should provide loose guidance for policymakers, with individual-level instability suggesting the ‘latitude of acceptance’ or ‘zone of acquiescence’. Better-educated respondents exhibited more preference stability, thus greater weight should be given to informed public opinion.
Effects of cladribine on intrathecal and peripheral B and plasma cells
Authors: Allen-Philbey Kimberley , Stephenson Sophie , Doody Gina , MacDougall Amy , Aboulwafaali Mohammad , Ammoscato Francesca , Andrews Michael , Gnanapavan Sharmilee , Giovannoni Gavin , Grigoriadou Sofia , Hickey Alaco , Holden David W , Lock Helen , Papachatzaki Maria , Redha Iman , Baker David , Tooze Reuben , Schmierer Klaus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cladribine is a deoxyadenosine analogue that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier. It is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanistic understanding of the effect of this highly effective therapy on B cells and plasma cells in the central nervous system compartment is limited. The CLADRIPLAS study examined the effect of cladribine on peripheral and intrathecal B and plasma cell biology in people with MS.

Methods
Thirty-eight people with progressive MS ineligible for- or rejecting-treatment with licenced therapies were recruited and supplied a baseline lumbar puncture. Those exhibiting gadolinium-enhancing or new/enlarging T2 magnetic resonance imaging lesions and/or elevated neurofilament levels were offered subcutaneous cladribine (Litak®). Seven people were eligible; one person died before treatment, and only five completed the first year of treatment. Twenty-two ineligible people were willing to provide a repeat lumbar puncture 12 months later.

Results
The CLADRIPLAS study found no evidence of a difference in the odds of a positive cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band result between the cladribine-treated and untreated group. This is probably explained by microarray and in vitro studies, which demonstrated that plasmablasts and notably long-lived plasma cells are relatively resistant to the cytotoxic effect of cladribine compared with memory B cells at physiological concentrations. This was consistent with the loss of intracellular deoxycytidine kinase during antibody-secreting cell differentiation.

Conclusion
CLADRIPLAS indicates that cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands are not rapidly eliminated in most people with MS. This may be explained by the relative lack of direct cytotoxic action of cladribine on long-lived plasma cells.
Diagnostic Accuracy of LiquidArray MTB-XDR VER 1.0 for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, Fluoroquinolone, Amikacin, Ethambutol, and Linezolid Susceptibility
Authors: Auma Erick , Alberts Rencia , Derendinger Brigitta , Venter Rouxjeane , Streicher Elizabeth M , Pillay Samantha , Ghebrekristos Yonas T , Mburu Moses , Ruhwald Morten , Warren Robin , Penn-Nicholson Adam , Theron Grant , de Vos Margaretha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Drug susceptibility testing (DST) is essential for starting people on effective tuberculosis (TB) regimens. No published data exist for the high-throughput LiquidArray MTB-XDR (LA-XDR) test, which detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and fluoroquinolone, amikacin, ethambutol, and linezolid susceptibility (the latter 2 have no rapid DSTs available).

Methods
We enrolled people (N = 720) with presumptive TB who provided 2 sputum samples for an Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay and a culture (MTBC reference standard). Phenotypic DST and Sanger sequencing were the composite reference standards. LA-XDR on the manual FluoroLyse and automated GenoXtract fleXT (fleXT) DNA extraction methods were compared.

Results
For MTBC, LA-XDR had similar sensitivities (85%–87%) and specificities (99%) using each extraction method. Drug susceptibility sensitivities (95% confidence interval) varied: 94% (86%–98%) for fluoroquinolones, 64% (45%–80%) for amikacin, and 88% (79%–93%) for ethambutol (specificities of 97%–100%). Six of 7 (86%) resistant linezolid isolates were detected. LA-XDR with fleXT had indeterminate proportions of 21/251 (8%), 2/251 (1%), 63/251 (25%), and 93/251 (37%) for fluoroquinolones, ethambutol, amikacin, and linezolid, respectively (amikacin and linezolid indeterminates were higher with FluoroLyse-extracted DNA). In a hypothetical population of 100 smear-negative people with fluoroquinolone-resistant TB undergoing fleXT DNA extraction, 25 (25%) would be missed (1 extraction error, 2 invalid results, 15 MTBC-negative, 6 fluoroquinolone-indeterminate, and 1 false-susceptible).

Conclusions
LA-XDR met the minimum World Health Organization target product profile for a next-generation, sputum-based, moderate-complexity DST with high fluoroquinolone and ethambutol resistance sensitivity, moderate amikacin resistance sensitivity, and promise for linezolid resistance, for which more data are needed. Improved LA-XDR MTBC detection would reduce missed resistance.
Acute kidney injury as a key predictor of cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients: the CKD-REIN study
Authors: Florens Nans , Aymes Estelle , Gauthier Victoria , Frimat Luc , Laville Maurice , Bedo Dimitri , Beaudrey Thomas , Amouyel Philippe , Mansencal Nicolas , Lange Céline , Liabeuf Sophie , Massy Ziad A , Stengel Benedicte , de Pinho Natalia Alencar , Hamroun Aghiles 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Hypothesis
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasingly recognized as a potential exacerbating factor for cardiovascular events in these patients. The CKD-REIN study aims to explore the relationship between AKI and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a cohort of CKD patients. We hypothesize that AKI is a significant and independent predictor of MACE in patients with CKD, and that the severity of AKI correlates with the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 3033 adult CKD patients from 40 outpatient nephrology clinics in France. Patients were followed for a median of 5.2 years. AKI episodes were identified and staged based on the KDIGO-AKI criteria. Cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and cardiovascular death, were systematically recorded. The association between AKI and MACE was analyzed using a multivariable Cox model, adjusting for confounders such as demographic characteristics, medical history, and baseline kidney function.

Results
During the follow-up, 530 patients experienced at least one episode of AKI. The cumulative incidence of MACE at 1 year post-AKI was 8.1%. Patients with AKI had a significantly increased risk of MACE, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 5.78 (P &lt; .001). The risk was consistent across different MACE components and was independent of age, sex, CKD stage, or comorbidities. The risk of MACE was higher for more severe AKI stages and for AKI events requiring hospitalization or associated with incomplete renal recovery.

Conclusion
The findings of this study confirm that AKI is a significant independent predictor of MACE in CKD patients, demonstrating a strong severity–response relationship. These results underscore the importance of vigilant cardiovascular monitoring and preventive strategies in CKD patients following AKI episodes. Understanding the mechanisms linking AKI to cardiovascular outcomes is crucial for developing targeted interventions to mitigate these risks.
Three-dimensional assessment of ascending aortic stiffness, motion, and growth in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm
Authors: Tjahjadi Nicasius S , Kim Taeouk , Marway Prabhvir S , Jorge Carlos Alberto Campello , Baker Timothy J , Hazenberg Constantijn , van Herwaarden Joost A , Patel Himanshu J , Figueroa C Alberto , Burris Nicholas S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Aortic wall stiffening in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (aTAA) is common. However, the spatial and temporal relationships between stiffness, aortic size, and growth in aTAA remain unclear.

Methods and results
In this single-centre retrospective study, we utilized vascular deformation mapping to extract multi-directional aortic motion, aortic distensibility, and aortic growth in a multi-planar fashion from multi-phasic ECG-gated computed tomography angiograms. Aortic displacement and stiffness metrics were compared between patients with sporadic ascending aortic dilation (Dilated), individuals without thoracic aortic dilation, and patients with Marfan syndrome. A total of 96 patients were included. Total and axial aortic root motion was significantly decreased in the Dilated group (n = 49) compared with the Non-dilated group (n = 38) and Marfan group (n = 16). Aortic distensibility was significantly lower in the Dilated group compared with the Non-dilated group and exhibited a more diffuse pattern of stiffening compared with the Marfan group in which stiffening was localized to the root. In Dilated group, aortic distensibility was moderately and positively associated with aortic growth rate (R = 0.34, P = 0.02). The moderate-to-strong association between age and aortic stiffness in non-dilated segments was either significantly blunted or absent in dilated segments.

Conclusion
Vascular deformation mapping provides multi-level stiffness assessments of the ascending aorta using multi-phasic computed tomography angiography. Ascending aortic stiffening is a spatially heterogeneous process with stiffening tending to increase with degree of regional dilation and age, whereas lower stiffness was associated with faster growth of the mid-ascending aorta in those with sporadic aTAA.