bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of multifunctional cellulose/TiO2/Ag composite nanofibers scaffold with antibacterial and bioactivity properties for future tissue engineering applications
Authors: Ashraf Roqia , Sofi Hasham S. , Akram Towseef , Rather Hilal Ahmad , Abdal‐hay Abdalla , Shabir Nadeem , Vasita Rajesh , Alrokayan Salman H. , Khan Haseeb A. , Sheikh Faheem A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a novel strategy was explored to fabricate nanofiber scaffolds consisting of cellulose assimilated with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). The concentration of the TiO2NPs in the composite was adjusted to 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt % with respect to polymer concentration used for the electrospinning of colloidal solutions. The fabricated composite scaffolds were dispensed to alkaline deacetylation using 0.05 M NaOH to remove the acetyl groups in order to generate pure cellulose nanofibers containing TiO2NPs. Moreover, to augment our nanofiber scaffolds with antibacterial activity, the in situ deposition approach of using Ag NPs was utilized with varied molar concentrations of 0.14, 0.42, and 0.71 M. The physicochemical properties of the nanofibers were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and contact angle meter studies. This demonstrated the presence of both TiO2and Ag NPs and complete deacetylation of nanofibers. The antibacterial efficiency of the nanofibers was scrutinized againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus, revealing proper in situ deposition of Ag NPs and confirming the nanofibers are antibacterial in nature.The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was accustomed using chicken embryo fibroblasts, which confirmed their potential role to be used as wound‐healing materials. Furthermore, the fabricated scaffolds were subjected to analysis in simulated body fluid at 37°C to induce mineralization for future osseous tissue integration. These results indicate that fabricated composite nanofiber scaffolds with multifunctional characteristics will have a highest potential as a future candidate for promoting new tissues artificially.
Somatic mismatch repair testing in evaluation of Lynch syndrome: The gap between preferred and current practices
Authors: Williams Danielle , Vilar Eduardo , Shakrukh Hashmi S. , Choates Meagan , Noblin Sarah , Mork Maureen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome primarily defined by increased risk for colorectal and uterine cancers. Individuals with germline pathogenic variants in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2/EPCAM, MSH6, and PMS2) are diagnosed with LS and recommended high‐risk screening protocols to increase prevention and early detection of LS‐related cancers. Tumor testing can help identify those at high risk for LS, but sometimes creates uncertainty with discordant screening and germline results, or unexplained mismatch repair deficiency (UMMRD). Somatic testing for MMR genes may help resolve UMMRD, potentially clarifying LS status and modifying cancer surveillance. However, guidelines for such testing are currently limited. This survey of cancer genetic counselors (GCs) aimed to examine current versus preferred ordering practices and interpretation of somatic MMR testing results in LS evaluation. Two hundred eligible GCs practicing in the United States and Canada were recruited from the National Society of Genetic Counselors. Participants answered questions regarding ordering practices, barriers to somatic MMR testing, theoretical scenarios, and desire for further guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐square, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, while themes were identified from free‐text responses. Most respondents did not include somatic MMR testing in the LS work‐up, despite three‐quarters reporting they were ‘somewhat comfortable’ or ‘extremely comfortable’ with interpreting these results. Approximately half of participants indicated interest in ordering concurrent somatic MMR and germline testing for each of the four theoretical scenarios. Over three‐quarters of individuals reported barriers to ordering somatic MMR testing, with cost and coordinating tissue samples most commonly cited. The frequently reported laboratory‐ and insurance‐related barriers may contribute to the gap between preferred and current ordering practices for somatic MMR testing. Nearly all respondents endorsed additional guidelines for this testing, which could reduce barriers and inform screening recommendations for patients with UMMRD and their family members.
Trendbericht Anorganische Chemie: Hauptgruppen
Authors: Hering‐Junghans Christian , Sindlinger Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHauptgruppen: erste Reduktion heteroatomsubstituierter polyaromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe; ein zweikerniger Mg‐Komplex, der Fluorbenzol aktiviert; ein phosphan‐ und carbenstabilisiertes Aggregat vier formal nullwertiger Boratome in einem Molekül und persistente, acyclische Germanium(I)‐Radikale. Koordinationschemie und Bioanorganik: eine kristalline Ringprobe;1H‐NMR‐Verschiebungen von minus 3500 ppm; 3d‐Metalle für Photochemie, Homogenkatalyse und Magnetismus; mehrfachgebundene Komplexe mit mehr als sechs d‐Elektronen und Metalloenzyme mit künstlichen Cofaktoren.
So eine Schwärmerei
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInsektenschwärme sind bereits umfassend untersucht. Bei Fischen, Vögeln und Menschen erleichtert jetzt eine neue Technik, die zugleich umfassend und detailliert ist, die Analyse des Kollektivverhaltens. Dabei sind chemische Signalstoffe wichtig.
Ein paar Schippchen weniger
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhosphor ist lebensnotwendig. Gleichzeitig ist Phosphat eine begrenzte Ressource, und ein Zuviel in der Umwelt lässt etwa Algen zu sehr blühen. Wissenschaftler erkunden Wege, in der Landwirtschaft an diesem Rohstoff zu sparen.
50 Jahre Mitgliedschaft in der CG/GDCh – Wir gratulieren!
Authors: Schreiner Peter R. , Koch Wolfram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWir feiern das Jahr der Polymere 2020 – Hermann Staudinger veröffentlichte vor 100 Jahren die Arbeit „Über Polymerisation“, in der er die wahre Natur der Polymere erkannte. In diesem besonderen Jahr gratulieren wir herzlich unseren Kolleginnen und Kollegen zu ihren Goldenen Jubiläen in der GDCh oder zu ihren 50‐jährigen Mitgliedschaften in der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR (CG) und nach der Wiedervereinigung in der GDCh:
Enzyme‐treated Tunisian Alfa fibers reinforced polylactic acid composites: An investigation in morphological, thermal, mechanical, and water resistance properties
Authors: Werchefani Mouna , Lacoste Catherine , Elloumi Ahmed , Belghith Hafedh , Gargouri Ali , Bradai Chedly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present work is a comparative study of the impact of different Alfa fiber modifications on fiber properties, as well as on polylactic acid (PLA) composites behaviors. A specific process that combines successively mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments (xylanase and pectinase) was employed to optimize the performances of Alfa fibers. The treatments reduced the levels of lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin in the fibers. This reduction was associated with a rise of defibrillation degree, an increase of cellulose content and an enhancement of thermal stability, as shown with SEM observations, biochemical composition determination, FTIR measurements and thermo‐gravimetric analyzer results. Bio‐composites were fabricated using a twin‐screw extruder and an injection‐molding machine with a fiber load of 20%. Tensile, flexural and water absorption tests revealed an improvement of mechanical strengths and water resistance for the treated fibers composites, with the enzyme treatment being the most efficient. SEM analysis showed a better impregnation and distribution of enzyme treated fibers within the matrix. An improvement of the thermal properties of composites filled with Alfa treated fibers was noticed when compared with untreated fibers composites. The data indicated that the technology of enzymes can be used as a powerful and eco‐friendly approach to treat natural fibers and to increase their potential of reinforcement.
The Blue Light District
Authors: Pelaprat Jean‐Michel , Zediker Mark , Finuf Matt , Fritz Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNuburu introduced the first highpower blue laser to the industrial marketplace in 2017. It quickly became clear that the high‐brightness blue laser is well‐suited to address the materials processing challenges of a certain class of metals, primarily copper, but also aluminum and gold. As electronics become more prominent in everything from refrigerators to automobiles, copper, aluminum, and gold processing becomes increasingly important. Blue laser technology has rapidly improved in both power and brightness, bringing high quality and greater speed to a new range of applications.
Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Kemper Björn , Illy Elizabeth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImaging without labeling has received increasing attention during the last few years as a minimally invasive modality to observe proteins, cells, and tissues, and to study biological specimens with minimized modification and sample preparation requirements. Within the last decade, quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been continuously improved for the purposes of high‐resolution, label‐free quantitative microscopy [1]. QPI is minimally invasive. This means that samples under investigation are, for example, not influenced by fluorophores or dyes which can change physiological processes or affect the behavior of samples, like cellular motility or migration. Moreover, QPI requires only low light intensities for object illumination. Thus, potential harm from light to an investigated sample, which can cause, amongst other things, cell death or photo damage, is minimized. This is an essential precondition for the long‐term monitoring of biological samples such as living cell cultures in life sciences and biomedicine.
Advantages of Active Optical Cables for Industrial Applications
Authors: Lohse Abongwa , Silva Jamie M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActive optical cables transmit signals using photons instead of electrons. A couple of advantages arise when using optical fibers instead of copper wires when transmitting high speed data signals over extended reach. When using optical cables with standard electrical interfaces, with protocols such as USB or the Thunderbolt∗) protocol, they can be seamlessly used with existing devices. At the same time, new applications and system architectures will come up, which will benefit from optical fiber communication technologies.
Thermodynamic properties of gaseous BaSnO2 and Ba2O2 studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry
Authors: Emelyanova Ksenia A. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Panin Andrej I. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Panaeva Maria A. 
Published: January 2020

RationaleBaSnO3 is an interesting technical and industrial ceramic, with uses in many areas of electronic technology. Currently, there is great interest in this ceramic material because of its potential as a transparent conductive oxide. Due to its good chemical stability, it is also used as a surface processing material in the synthesis of electroluminophores. When heated, the stannates of alkaline earth metals can pass into the vapor phase with or without dissociation. Until the present investigation, gaseous salts where SnO plays the role of an anion‐forming oxide had been unknown. The formation enthalpy of gaseous Ba2O2 also needed to be determined.MethodsKnudsen effusion mass spectrometry was used to determine the partial pressures of vapor species, equilibrium constants and enthalpies of the studied gas‐phase reactions, as well as the formation and atomization enthalpies of gaseous BaSnO2 and Ba2O2: a mixture of BaO and SnO2 was evaporated from a platinum effusion cell. For the evaporation of gold (pressure standard), a molybdenum effusion cell was used. A theoretical study of gaseous BaSnO2 and Ba2O2 was performed by several quantum chemistry methods.ResultsBa, BaO, Ba2O2, SnO and BaSnO2 were found to be the main species in the vapor over the BaO–SnO2 mixture in the temperature range of 1680–1920 K. The standard formation enthalpies of gaseous BaSnO2 and Ba2O2 were determined on the basis of the equilibrium constants of the studied gas‐phase reactions. Energetically favorable structures of these gaseous species were found and vibrational frequencies were evaluated in the harmonic approximation. The formation enthalpy of gaseous Ba2O2 was clarified; in addition, the formation enthalpies of gaseous SrSnO3 and CaSnO3 were estimated.ConclusionsThe thermal stability of gaseous BaSnO2 was confirmed by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. The reaction enthalpies of gaseous BaSnO2 from gaseous barium and tin oxides were theoretically evaluated and the obtained values were found to be in reasonable agreement with the experimental ones.
Opportunities for women in the green economy and environmental sectors
Authors: Nhamo Godwell , Mukonza Chipo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSouth Africa's National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) recognises the important role of women and youth in environmental management and development. To this end, significant strides have been made by the country in gender mainstreaming. The “Environment Sector Gender Framework” and the “Framework and Strategy Toward Gender Mainstreaming in the Environment Sector 2016–2021” are some of the policy frameworks that have been implemented. In addition, a number of initiatives and programmes such as the Green Fund, established in April 2012, the Groen Sebenza Learnership Programme, and environmental conservation through the Expanded Public Works Programme have been developed. Using a mixed method research design approach, the paper attempts to answer the following questions: Are the concerns and perspectives of women sufficiently integrated in the green economy and environmental sector policies and programmes? What green economy and environmental sector projects are women involved in and what is the proportion of women involved in such projects? Through simple random sampling, the study established that space has been created for women involvement in the green economy and environmental sectors. However, there still remains a need to raise awareness of the available opportunities and interventions to build capacity at project conceptualisation and management levels. The involvement of women further requires meaningful public participation, social inclusion, and the devolution and decentralisation of decision‐making processes.
Does university entrepreneurial orientation matter? Evidence from university performance
Authors: Balasubramanian Sandhya , Yang Yi , Tello Steven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryAs a firm‐level attribute, entrepreneurial orientation (EO)'s beneficial relationship to firm performance has been established in the corporate sector; however, its implications in other sectors including university settings remain a rather underexplored area. Based on a sample of 107 universities in the United States, we examine the impact of EO on a wide range of university performance measures from commercialization of intellectual property to more comprehensive university performance metrics. Our findings underscore the critical importance of EO in the context of universities and also reveal the moderation effects of university characteristics such as size and the presence of science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) focus.Managerial SummaryThis study examines the impact of EO on university performance. Our findings can be of significance to higher education administrators in several ways. First, we draw attention to the need to recognize university EO as the glue that binds resources together for discovery and exploitation of opportunities. Furthermore, the evidence connecting EO to the U.S. News and World rankings demonstrates that leveraging university EO has potential to impact metrics that many of its stakeholders pay attention to. In addition, our findings suggest that large universities and those with a STEM focus are able to better leverage the EO shift upward in their rankings, which provides guidance for university administrators on how to strategically create and develop new academic programs.
Entrepreneurial orientation: The necessity of a multilevel conceptualization
Authors: Wales William J. , Covin Jeffrey G. , Monsen Erik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryAn original and clarifying conceptualization of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is advanced based upon three fundamental ways in which entrepreneurship can be manifest as an organizational attribute: as top management style, organizational configuration, and new entry initiatives. We leverage this conceptualization to examine the presumed state of irreconcilable differences between the Miller (1983)/Covin and Slevin (1989) and Lumpkin and Dess (1996) conceptualizations of EO. This research proposes that these conceptualizations are reconcilable when the problem is reframed to consider how EO is manifest as an organizational attribute at and across multiple levels of analysis. Like the blind men and the elephant, these works have drawn attention to different aspects of a broader phenomenon. How EO as a multifaceted organizational attribute shapes future scholarly dialogue is discussed.Managerial SummaryThe concept of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been proposed as a way of envisioning what it means for organizations to “be entrepreneurial.” There is more than one answer to this question. This paper describes three principal ways entrepreneurship‐as‐an‐organizational attribute has been discussed, including illustrative examples from real‐world businesses. One perspective recognizes the entrepreneurial aspect of organizations by considering top management style; a second perspective recognizes that organizations manifest entrepreneurship through a configuration of key organizational elements; and a third perspective looks to evidence of the organization's entry into new offerings and domains of operation as indicative of entrepreneurship. All three manifestations of “being entrepreneurial” are part of the current conversation on EO. This paper recognizes the conceptual legitimacy and practical interdependence of these distinct perspectives.
A Novel Recyclable Ni/Cu/Fe Termetallic Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of Propargylamines through the A3‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Daryanavard Marzieh , Ataei Ali , Sheykhabadi Parvan Ghaderi , Rafiee Ezzat , Joshaghani Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel Ni/Cu/Fe nanocatalyst was prepared via a three‐step procedure for the A3‐coupling reaction of an aldehyde, an amine, and a terminal alkyne to synthesize the corresponding propargylamine. Oleic acid was used in the second step to avoid aggregation of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. The prepared NiO/OA‐CuFe2O4 (Ni/Cu/Fe) was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/wavelength dispersive X‐ray (SEM/WDX), particle size analyzer, fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). A variety of propargylamines was synthesized using a very small amount of this efficient and inexpensive nanocatalyst in toluene as the solvent at 100 °C. Due to high magnetic properties of the prepared catalyst, its isolation and recycle were very easy, and it was used in five repetitive cycles.
A Pyrazole‐Based Highly Selective Colorimetric Chemosensor for Hg2+ Ion in Semi‐Aqueous Medium
Authors: Karuppusamy P. , Senthilvelan J. , Vijayakumar V. , Sarveswari S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a pyrazole‐based (Py‐KS) chemosensor was successfully designed and synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation and utilized as a colorimetric chemosensor for selective determination of Hg2+ in semi‐aqueous media. The probe exhibits a typical absorption band at 519 nm upon interaction with Hg2+, which is responsible for remarkable color change from yellow to pink. The detection limit of Py‐KS for the analysis of Hg2+ was found to be 4.73×10−7 M. The binding modes of interaction of Py‐KS with Hg2+ have been determined by Job's plot which exhibits 2:1 (Py‐KS: Hg2+) ratio, and further confirmed with 1H NMR titration and FT‐IR analysis. The association constant of Py‐KS‐Hg2+ complex was found as 1.2×103 M−1 using Benesi‐Hildebrand method. The probe could be recyclable after appropriate treatment with the reagents such as EDTA. Moreover, the designed probe Py‐KS has successfully demonstrated for the detection of Hg2+ in real sample analysis.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Amide Functionalized 1H‐Benzo[d]imidazole‐2‐thiol Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Singu Padma S. , Kanugala Sirisha , Dhawale Sachin A. , Kumar C. Ganesh , Kumbhare Ravindra M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of novel amide functionalized 1H‐benzo[d]imidazole‐2‐thiol derivatives 4 a‐o were prepared from substituted benzimidazole‐2‐thiol 1 a‐c. All the final compounds were screened for antimicrobial, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and anti‐biofilm activities against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. Amongst all the synthesized derivatives, compounds 4 c, 4 e, 4 f, 4 g, 4 k and 4 o exhibiting promising antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains were identified. Moreover, the compound 4 c showed highly significant antimicrobial activity (MIC value of 1.9 μg/mL) and broad‐spectrum anti‐biofilm activity which was identified as a potential lead molecule.
Association of Non‐covalent Interactions C−H…X(X=O, F, Cl, π) and Cl…π with Hydrogen Bond Interactions N−H…O in Molecular Assembly of New Phosphoramides: A Combined X‐Ray Crystallography and Topology (AIM and Hirshfeld) Analysis
Authors: Sebghati Marjan , Tarahhomi Atekeh , Kozakiewicz Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCrystal structures of six new phosphoramides with the main parts [C(O)NH]P(O)[N]2and [NH]2P(O)[N] were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR and1H,13C,31P NMR). X‐ray crystallography data manifest that the hydrogen bond interactions N−H…O (in all structures) accompanied by some contacts such as C−H…X(X=π, O, F and Cl) and π…π dominate the molecular architectures. Some non‐classical interactions such as Cl…π are also found in feature packing of some studied structures. A detailed investigation of these intermolecular interactions in order to illustrate the importance of non‐classical interactions in construction of molecular assemblies is presented by Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis reflected the most important van der Waals (vdW) contributions and “Quantum Theory Atom In Molecule” (QTAIM) method especially in term of energetic feature. Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that the prevalent interactions are of the type O…H for all structures coupled with some other short contacts such as C…C and H…F recognized by red spots on Hirshfeld surfaces and enrichment ratios (E) larger than unity (E> 1). These results are confirmed by AIM method classifying the hydrogen bond interactions N−H…O as moderate non‐covalent closed‐shell interactions and the remaining interactions above‐mentioned as vdW closed‐shell interactions in the studies phosphoric triamides. Such study to categorize the popular hydrogen bond interactions N−H…O in phosphoric triamides and the weak interactions in their molecular packing are used for the first time.