bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Regulated Super‐Hydrophobic Cu/CuO Electrode Film Deposited by One‐Step High‐Power Sputtering
Authors: An Xiaokai , Yang Chao , Wu Zhongzhen , Liu Liangliang , Li Shunning , Zhou Lin , Tang Wei , Ma Zhengyong , Wu Zhongcan , Fu Ricky K. Y. , Tian Xiubo , Lin Hai , Pan Feng , Chu Paul K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn spite of advances in integrated circuit technology, dust and corrosion continue to play detrimental roles in electronic and device components such as electrodes and wires, causing possible short circuits and arcing, consequently undermining the long‐time durability of devices. Super‐hydrophobic Cu/CuO films with easy cleaning characteristics and excellent corrosion resistance are prepared by one‐step high‐power magnetron sputtering and tested under high salinity conditions. Self‐regulation of the preferred orientations from Cu (200) to Cu (111) and formation of micro/nano‐rod surface features can be tuned by changing the power density. After exposure for 96 h in air, CuO (111), which has a small surface energy, is produced in situ on the surface of the Cu (111) micro/nano‐rods. Such a super‐hydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 152.5° has attractive properties such as excellent protection against dust particles, easy cleaning, as well as long‐term corrosion resistance compared to conventional Cu metallization films. These results reveal that the Cu/CuO micro/nano‐rod electrode film has great potential in microelectronics, in particular in metal/ceramic circuit boards requiring high power densities and operated in environments with high salinity.
Predictors of mortality in patients with Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Chu Yu‐Ming , Lee Chia‐Long , Chen Hsin‐Yu , Hung Chih‐Sheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common health‐care‐associated infections and has become a crucial cause of morbidity and mortality in older patients, but outcomes of CDI vary between patients. The aim of this study is to identify the predictor of mortality in patients with CDI. This is a retrospective study of patients with CDI diagnosed by stool C difficile toxin test between February 1, 2012 and August 31, 2017, in a medical center in Taiwan. The main outcome of the study was in‐hospital mortality. A total of 101 patients were diagnosed with CDI during the study period. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 28.7% (29 patients), and the recurrence rate was 6.9% (7 patients). By using multivariable logistic regression model, acute kidney injury was found to be a strong independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 6.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07‐21.25, P < .001). Having received chemotherapy in the preceding 3 months was also a significant predictor (OR: 22.54, 95% CI: 1.84‐276.5, P = .015). Probiotic treatment was found to be a negative predictor of mortality (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.10‐0.95, P = .040). Acute kidney injury and recent chemotherapy could be predictors of in‐hospital mortality in patients with CDI. Probiotic treatment may reduce the mortality of patients with CDI.
Splanchnic vein thromboses associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms: An international, retrospective study on 518 cases
Authors: Sant'Antonio Emanuela , Guglielmelli Paola , Pieri Lisa , Primignani Massimo , Randi Maria Luigia , Santarossa Claudia , Rumi Elisa , Cervantes Francisco , Delaini Federica , Carobbio Alessandra , Betti Silvia , Rossi Elena , Lavi Noa , Harrison Claire N. , Curto‐Garcia Natalia , Gisslinger Heinz , Gisslinger Bettina , Specchia Giorgina , Ricco Alessandra , Vianelli Nicola , Polverelli Nicola , Koren‐Michowitz Maya , Ruggeri Marco , Girodon Francois , Ellis Martin , Iurlo Alessandra , Mannelli Francesco , Mannelli Lara , Sordi Benedetta , Loscocco Giuseppe Gaetano , Cazzola Mario , De Stefano Valerio , Barbui Tiziano , Tefferi Ayalew , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMyeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) course can be complicated by thrombosis involving unusual sites as the splanchnic veins (SVT). Their management is challenging, given their composite vascular risk. We performed a retrospective, cohort study in the framework of the International Working Group for MPN Research and Treatment (IWG‐MRT), and AIRC‐Gruppo Italiano Malattie Mieloproliferative (AGIMM). A total of 518 MPN‐SVT cases were collected and compared with 1628 unselected, control MPN population, matched for disease subtype. Those with MPN‐SVT were younger (median 44 years) and enriched in females compared to controls; PV (37.1%) and ET (34.4%) were the most frequent diagnoses. JAK2V617F mutation was highly prevalent (90.2%), and 38.6% of cases had an additional hypercoagulable disorder. SVT recurrence rate was 1.6 per 100 patient‐years. Vitamin K‐antagonists (VKA) halved the incidence of recurrence (OR 0.48), unlike cytoreduction (OR 0.96), and were not associated with overall or gastrointestinal bleeding in multivariable analysis. Esophageal varices were the only independent predictor for major bleeding (OR 17.4). Among MPN‐SVT, risk of subsequent vascular events was skewed towards venous thromboses compared to controls. However, MPN‐SVT clinical course was overall benign: SVT were enriched in PMF with lower IPSS, resulting in significantly longer survival than controls; survival was not affected in PV and slightly reduced in ET. MPN‐U with SVT (n = 55) showed a particularly indolent phenotype, with no signs of disease evolution. In the to‐date largest, contemporary cohort of MPN‐SVT, VKA were confirmed effective in preventing recurrence, unlike cytoreduction, and safe; the major risk factor for bleeding was esophageal varices that therefore represent a major therapeutic target.
Synthesis of Nitrated N‐Alkyl Anilines Using N‐Nitroso Anilines as a Self‐Providing Nitro Group Source
Authors: Zhang Yuxian , Zhang Shuwei , Sun Zheng , Yuan Yu , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the presence of dioxygen, an efficient synthesis of nitrated N‐alkyl anilines was realized using N‐nitroso anilines as the starting material. According to the mechanistic study, the N‐nitroso anilines served as a self‐providing nitro group source to promote the direct nitration of N‐alkylanilines, avoiding the undesired protection of amine group.
The future of adult safeguarding in Australia
Authors: Chesterman John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSignificant reforms to Australia's adult safeguarding laws and practices are in the process of occurring in the context of increasingly market‐oriented social care provision and rising human rights consciousness. Recent safeguarding developments have included federal regulatory reforms concerning disability and aged care service provision, together with significant reform activity stemming from a national inquiry into elder abuse. Despite this national activity, adult safeguarding continues largely to be an arena of state and territory responsibility. This article examines recent reform developments and asks how safeguarding laws and practices can be reformed to take account of increased federal involvement in social care regulation and the more market‐oriented ways in which social care is being provided. The article argues that while state and territory safeguarding laws and practices are unlikely to become uniform, 10 principles ought to guide continued adult safeguarding reform. These principles seek to balance respect for the autonomy of individuals with society's obligation to support those in need.
Safety and Efficacy of Otaplimastat in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Requiring tPA (SAFE‐TPA): A Multicenter, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Phase 2 Study
Authors: Kim Jong S. , Lee Kyung Bok , Park Jong‐Ho , Sung Sang Min , Oh Kyungmi , Kim Eung‐Gyu , Chang Dae‐il , Hwang Yang Ha , Lee Eun‐Jae , Kim Won‐Ki , Ju Chung , Kim Byung Su , Ryu Jei‐Man ,   on behalf of the SAFE‐TPA Investigators
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveOtaplimastat is a neuroprotectant that inhibits matrix metalloprotease pathway, and reduces edema and intracerebral hemorrhage induced by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in animal stroke models. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of otaplimastat in patients receiving rtPA.MethodsThis was a phase 2, 2‐part, multicenter trial in stroke patients (19–80 years old) receiving rtPA. Intravenous otaplimastat was administered <30 minutes after rtPA. Stage 1 was a single‐arm, open‐label safety study in 11 patients. Otaplimastat 80 mg was administered twice daily for 3 days. Stage 2 was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study involving 69 patients, assigned (1:1:1) to otaplimastat 40 mg, otaplimastat 80 mg, or a placebo. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of parenchymal hematoma (PH) on day 1. Secondary endpoints included serious adverse events (SAEs), mortality, and modified Rankin scale (mRS) distribution at 90 days (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02787278).ResultsNo safety issues were encountered in stage 1. The incidence of PH during stage 2 was comparable: 0 of 22 with the placebo, 0 of 22 with otaplimastat 40 mg, and 1 of 21 with the 80 mg dose. No differences in SAEs (13%, 17%, 14%) or death (8.3%, 4.2%, 4.8%) were observed among the 3 groups. Three adverse events (chills, muscle rigidity, hepatotoxicity) were judged to be related to otaplimastat.InterpretationIntravenous otaplimastat adjunctive therapy in patients receiving rtPA is feasible and generally safe. The functional efficacy of otaplimastat needs to be investigated with further large trials. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:233–245
Adsorption of phenolic contaminants from water on activated carbon: An insight into single and multicomponent adsorption isotherms
Authors: Shukla Pradeep R. , Chong Siewhui , Pan Guan‐Ting , Wang Shaobin , Ang Ming , Rudolph Victor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study focuses on the single and multicomponent adsorption of phenolic compounds from solution onto an activated carbon in the concentration range of 50–500 ppm at room temperature. The observed adsorption isotherms were correlated using various predictive and nonpredictive single and multicomponent adsorption isotherm equations. A strong influence of interadsorbate repulsion was evident based on the model proposed using Nitta's adsorption isotherm model.
Molecule‐Membrane Interactions in Biological Cells Studied with Second Harmonic Light Scattering
Authors: Wilhelm Michael J. , Dai Hai‐Lung 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe nonlinear optical phenomenon second harmonic light scattering (SHS) can be used for detecting molecules at the membrane surfaces of living biological cells. Over the last decade, SHS has been developed for quantitatively monitoring the adsorption and transport of small and medium size molecules (both neutral and ionic) across membranes in living cells. SHS can be operated with both time and spatial resolution and is even capable of isolating molecule‐membrane interactions at specific membrane surfaces in multi‐membrane cells, such as bacteria. In this review, we discuss select examples from our lab employing time‐resolved SHS to study real‐time molecular interactions at the plasma membranes of biological cells. We first demonstrate the utility of this method for determining the transport rates at each membrane/interface in a Gram‐negative bacterial cell. Next, we show how SHS can be used to characterize the molecular mechanism of the century old Gram stain protocol for classifying bacteria. Additionally, we examine how membrane structures and molecular charge and polarity affect adsorption and transport, as well as how antimicrobial compounds alter bacteria membrane permeability. Finally, we discuss adaptation of SHS as an imaging modality to quantify molecular adsorption and transport in sub‐cellular regions of individual living cells.
Wogonin ameliorate complete Freund's adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis via targeting NF‐κB/MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Yuntai , Guo Lubo , Chitti Renukaradhya , Sreeharsha Nagaraja , Mishra Anurag , Gubbiyappa Shiva K. , Singh Yogendra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and accelerated autoimmune illness with proliferative and damaging synovitis, resulting in joint death and cartilage and bone erosion. This study focused on the potential therapeutic effect of wogonin on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced RA in rats and the underlying mechanisms. Arthritis was experimentally caused in rats by subcutaneously injecting 0.1 mL of CFA into the subplantar area of the left hind paw under moderate anesthesia on day zero. The regular oral doses of indomethacin/wogonin began on day zero and proceeded after injection to day 35. Wogonin reduced arthritic score considerably, enhanced body weight, and reduced paw thickness. Wogonin also boosted red blood cell considerably along with hemoglobin and reduced white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Wogonin substantially improved an altered level of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant proteins, and inflammatory cytokines in a dose‐dependent way. Wogonin inhibited p38 phosphorylation triggered by CFA and p65 nuclear translocation.
Evaluating the appropriateness of chemotherapy in a low‐resource cancer centre in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Serra Patrizia , Katabalo Deogratias M. , Masalu Nestory , Amadori Dino , Bugingo Salustia , Foca Flavia , Bravaccini Sara , Donati Caterina , Bucchi Lauro , Masini Carla 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the appropriateness of chemotherapy use at the Oncology Department of the Bugando Medical Centre of Mwanza, Tanzania.MethodsThe study was an observational prevalence‐based study designed to evaluate a single‐chemotherapy cycle during a defined time period for a cross‐section of patients at varying stages of their clinical history. The sample included 103 consecutive subjects who were treated during January‐March 2017 and had at least one previous cycle. Chemotherapy treatment omissions, cycle delays, and dose reductions and their causes were recorded using a standard form that included demographic, anthropometric, and clinical items. The data were analyzed descriptively.ResultsThere were 59 males (57.3%) and 44 females (42.7%). Ninety‐four patients were aged ≥18 years. Considering cancer type/site, there were 23 distinct groups of patients. The recorded number of drugs in the chemotherapy regimens varied between one and five. The median cycle number was three (range: 2‐11). Sixty‐eight (66.0%) patients were treated in a standard fashion. For the remaining, cycle delay and dose reduction were the most common cause for nonstandard treatment. Hematologic toxicity was responsible for the greater part of cycle delays, whereas dose reductions were accounted for by a larger spectrum of causes. Overall, toxicity explained 21/35 (60.0%) patients receiving nonstandard treatment. The distribution of toxic events was skewed toward grade 1 and grade 2.ConclusionsThe observed level of appropriateness of chemotherapy was encouraging. The proportion of patients experiencing severe toxic effects was lower than expected.
Large retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy and increased risk of venous thromboembolism in patients receiving first‐line chemotherapy for metastatic germ cell tumors: A study by the global germ cell cancer group (G3)
Authors: Tran Ben , Ruiz‐Morales Jose M. , Gonzalez‐Billalabeitia Enrique , Patrikidou Anna , Amir Eitan , Seidel Christoph , Bokemeyer Carsten , Fankhauser Christian , Hermanns Thomas , Rumyantsev Alexey , Tryakin Alexey , Brito Margarida , Fléchon Aude , Kwan Edmond Michael , Cheng Tina , Castellano Daniel , Garcia del Muro Xavier , Hamid Anis A. , Ottaviano Margaret , Palmieri Giovannella , Kitson Robert , Reid Alison , Heng Daniel Y. C. , Bedard Philippe L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic germ cell tumor (mGCT) patients receiving chemotherapy have increased risk of life‐threatening venous thromboembolism (VTE). Identifying VTE risk factors may guide thromboprophylaxis in this highly curable population.MethodsData were collected from mGCT patients receiving first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy at 22 centers. Predefined variables included International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) risk classification, long‐axis diameter of largest retroperitoneal lymph node (RPLN), Khorana score, and use of indwelling vascular access device (VAD). VTE occurring at baseline, during chemotherapy and within 90 days, was analyzed.ResultsData from 1135 patients were collected. Median age was 31 years (range 10‐74). IGCCCG risk was 64% good, 20% intermediate, and 16% poor. VTE occurred in 150 (13%) patients. RPLN >3.5 cm demonstrated highest discriminatory accuracy for VTE (AUC 0.632, P < .001) and was associated with significantly higher risk of VTE in univariable analysis (22% vs 8%, OR 3.0, P < .001) and multivariable analysis (OR 1.8, P = .02). Other significant risk factors included, Khorana score ≥3 (OR 2.6, P = .008) and VAD use (OR 2.7, P < .001).ConclusionsLarge RPLN and VAD use are independent risk factors for VTE in mGCT patients receiving chemotherapy. VAD use should be minimized in this population and thromboprophylaxis might be considered for large RPLN.
Characterization of Polar and Non‐Polar Compounds of House Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) from Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Hun Lee Ting , Hau Lee Chia , Alia Azmi Nurul , Kavita Supparmaniam , Wong Syieluing , Znati Mansour , Ben Jannet Hichem 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work investigated the polar (PC: protein, amino acid and metabolite) and non‐polar (NPC: fatty acid) compounds and bioactivity characteristics of the EBN harvested from the state of Johor in Malaysia. The electrophoretic gels exhibited 15 protein bands (16–173 kD) with unique protein profile. Amino acids analysis by AccQ⋅Tag method revealed 18 types of amino acids in EBN. Metabolite profiling was performed using High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometer (HPLC‐QTOF/MS) technique and a total of 54 compounds belonging to different groups were detected and identified. These findings help to uncover the relation of therapeutic activity of EBN. The EBN was further extracted with AcOEt and BuOH. The AcOEt extract was fractionated into three fractions (F1−F3), and the high triglyceride content in F2 was verified by gC‐FID. The three groups of fatty acids discovered in EBN are 48.43 % of poly‐unsaturated (PUFA), 25.35 % of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and 24.74 % of mono‐unsaturated fat (MUFA). This is the first time to report results ofEBN, BuOH, and AcOEt extracts and of fraction F2 (TEBN) on their analysis for their antioxidant activities by DPPH, ABTS and catalase assay and for their paraoxonase and anti‐tyrosinase activities. The results showed that TEBN exhibited the significant bioactivity in all assays. These findings suggest that TEBN is a good source for natural bioactive compounds in promoting body vigor. Current work widened the content of EBN especially on the triglyceride and also marked the content of specific location (Johor, Malaysia) of EBN origin.
Iridium‐Chromium Oxide Nanowires as Highly Performed OER Catalysts in Acidic Media
Authors: Gou Wangyan , Zhang Mingkai , Zou Yong , Zhou Xuemei , Qu Yongquan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) severely restricts the efficiency of electrolyzers due to its sluggish kinetics. In particular, only a few OER electrocatalysts, such as expensive and scarce iridium (Ir)‐based materials, have been developed to function in acidic media. Therefore, the exploration of efficient and stable electrocatalysts with decreased precious metal content for the OER in acid is desired. Herein, chromium (Cr)‐incorporated IrOx solid solution nanowires not only exhibit high catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 250 mV at 10 mA cm−2, but also display robust catalytic performance without a decay in activity throughout 25 h of testing at 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. This improved catalytic performance for the Cr‐incorporated IrOx electrocatalysts is ascribed to an abundance of exposed active sites, tuned electronic states, optimized binding energy for intermediates on the catalyst surface and the consequent facile reaction kinetics.
Effect of Liquid Phase Plasma Irradiation on Production by Photocatalytic Water Splitting over SrTiO3 Photocatalysts
Authors: Chung Kyong‐Hwan , Park Young‐Kwon , Kim Hangun , Kim Byung‐Joo , Jung Sang‐Chul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA plasma in liquid state was applied as a light source in photocatalysis. The effects of liquid phase plasma irradiation were investigated for hydrogen evolution on the photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activities for hydrogen production from liquid phase plasma and UV light irradiation were compared. SrTiO3 perovskite photocatalysts which prepared by a sol‐gel method with high temperature calcining were introduced in the photocatalytic reaction. The effects of the metal loading on the perovskite photocatalysts were also evaluated in photocatalysis. A small amount of hydrogen was generated in the photo‐decomposition by irradiation of plasma into water without photocatalysts. The rate of hydrogen evolution by photocatalysis using plasma was increased on TiO2 and SrTiO3 perovskite photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity was improved significantly with the metal loading on SrTiO3 perovskite photocatalysts.
Changing the Product Selectivity for Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction Reaction on Plated Cu Electrodes
Authors: Li Hong , Qin Xianxian , Jiang Tianwen , Ma Xian‐Yin , Jiang Kun , Cai Wen‐Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) on various types of Cu electrodes to useful chemicals and fuels has attracted much attention. Herein, we comparatively investigate the distributions of CO2RR products over electroplated Cu, chemically plated boron‐doped Cu (Cu−B) and electroplated phosphorus‐doped Cu (Cu−P) electrodes. A global Faradaic efficiency of more than 50 % can be reached for the C2+ (ethylene, ethanol and n‐propanol) products on both plated Cu−B and Cu−P electrodes at ∼−1.15 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M KHCO3 electrolyte. Moreover, in situ surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy results together with quantitative analysis of the CO2RR products reveal a more facile conversion/depletion of the *CO intermediate after B‐ and P‐doping, for which Cu−B promotes the C2+ products while Cu−P enhances both C2+ generation and CH4 evolution at faster *CO consumption. The present work suggests the vital role of *CO in the step of C−C bonding formation and highlights that the metalloid doping may alter the reactivity and selectivity of the intermediate.
Modified Biological Treatment of Spent Caustic Effluent from Liquefied Petroleum Gas Plants
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Reza , Heydarinasab Amir , Amoozegar Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpent sulfidic caustic, which is difficult to treat and to dispose of due to its noxious properties, can be regenerated employing a new method, which is a combination of chemical, physical, and microbiological processes. After simple physical separation, advanced neutralization is applied to clarify and deodorize the caustic, resulting in a quality sufficient for microbial polishing. Based on the analysis results of the waste, this process would be highly economical and safe, as the product may be used in liquefied petroleum gas treatment units, depending on the concentration of the regenerated caustic and inclusion of the original catalyst. With this method, in addition to waste prevention, a considerable amount of caustic and catalyst can be saved.