bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Outdoor Light-at-night Exposure and Colorectal Cancer in Spain
Authors: Garcia-Saenz Ariadna , de Miguel Alejandro Sánchez , Espinosa Ana , Costas Laura , Aragonés Nuria , Tonne Cathryn , Moreno Victor , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Valentin Antonia , Pollán Marina , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Aubé Martin , Kogevinas Manolis 
Published: July 2020

Background:Night-shift work, exposure to artificial light-at-night (ALAN) and particularly blue light spectrum, and the consequent circadian disruption may increase the risk of breast and prostate cancer. Colorectal cancer risk may also be increased among night-shift workers. We investigated the association between exposure to ALAN according to light spectrum and colorectal cancer among subjects who had never worked at night in a general population case–control study in Spain.Methods:We examined information on 661 incident histologically verified colorectal cancer cases and 1,322 controls from Barcelona and Madrid, 2007–2013. Outdoor ALAN exposure was based on images from the International Space Station (ISS) including data on remotely sensed upward light intensity. We derived adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimates and confidence intervals (CI) for visual light, blue light, and spectral sensitivities of the five human photopigments assigned to participant’s geocoded longest residence.Results:Exposure to blue light spectrum was positively associated with colorectal cancer (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.2; highest vs. lowest tertile). ORs were similar (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3–2.3) when further adjusting for area socioeconomic status, diet patterns, smoking, sleep, and family history. We observed no association for outdoor visual light (full spectrum) (OR = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7–1.2; highest vs. lowest tertile). Analysis of the five photopigments gave similar results with increased risks for shorter wavelengths overlapping with the blue spectrum and no association for longer wavelengths.Conclusions:Outdoor blue light spectrum exposure that is increasingly prevalent in recent years may be associated with colorectal cancer risk. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B708.
Validation of Assisted Reproductive Technology in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway Versus the Norwegian Prescription Database
Authors: Reigstad Marte Myhre , Storeng Ritsa , Furu Kari , Bakken Inger Johanne , Engeland Anders , Larsen Inger Kristin 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Increasing attention has been given to the long-term effects of assisted reproductive technology (ART). This study assessed the validity and completeness of ART as registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) using drug prescription data from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) as reference.

Methods:
In this nationwide registry validation study, we included all pregnancies recorded in the MBRN between 2005 and 2017. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of the MBRN, using data from the NorPD as reference. We obtained the total percentage of ART pregnancies that could be identified (completeness) from both registries using the capture–recapture method. We analyzed subgroups by maternal age, gestational length, mode of ART treatment, health region, and mode of registration of ART (ART institution or birth notification form).

Results:
Twenty-three thousand seven hundred eighteen of a total 765,789 pregnancies were registered as ART pregnancies through the MBRN and 20,807 as ART pregnancies through the NorPD. The sensitivity of the MBRN was 85.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 84.7, 85.6) and the PPV was 74.7% (74.1–75.2). Sensitivity declined with increasing maternal age: 71.5% (69.4–73.7) in the age group 40–44 years, and 40.7% (22.2–59.3) in the ages above 45 years. Completeness when combining data was 96.2% (96.0–96.5).

Conclusions:
Our analysis shows that, when identifying women pregnant through ART, NorPD data complemented MBRN data to obtain a more complete count of all women giving birth after ART in Norway.
Mental Health Units in Correctional Facilities in the United States
Authors: Cohen Talia R. , Mujica Christin A. , Gardner Margaret E. , Hwang Melissa , Karmacharya Rakesh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of severe mental illness (SMI) in correctional settings is alarmingly high. Some correctional facilities have developed mental health units (MHUs) to treat incarcerated individuals with SMI.

Objective
To identify existing MHUs in the United States and collate information on these units.

Data Sources
A systematic review using Criminal Justice Abstracts, ERIC, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SocINDEX, plus an exploratory review using the Google search engine were conducted. MHUs were included if they were located within an adult correctional facility in the United States, specifically catered to SMI populations, and were in active operation as of June 2019.

Results
Eleven articles were identified through the peer-reviewed literature, but there were still major gaps in the information on MHUs. The Google search identified 317 MHUs. The majority of units were located within prisons (79.5%) and served only men (76%). The Google search found information indicating that 169 (53.3%) offered groups or programming to inmates; 104 (32.8%) offered individual therapy; and 89 (23%) offered both. One hundred sixty-six units (52.4%) had dedicated mental health staff, and 75 (23.7%) provided mental health training to correctional officers. Information on funding and outcomes of the MHUs is presented.

Limitations
Use of the Google search engine and sources that have not been peer reviewed limits the robustness of conclusions about the MHUs.

Conclusions
Standards for developing and implementing MHUs are not widespread. The shortcomings of current MHUs are discussed in the context of desired criteria for size, staffing, and programming.
Procedural outcomes of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with dissection and reentry versus wire escalation techniques: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Yejing , Peng Hongyu , Li Xiaonan , Liu Jinghua 
Published: July 2020

Background
The procedural safety of dissection and reentry (DR) techniques in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial, when compared with conventional wire escalation (WE) techniques. The meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of DR techniques vs. WE techniques on periprocedural outcomes in patients with CTO undergoing PCI.

Methods
Studies were searched in electronic database from inception to December 2018. Results were pooled using random effects model and fixed effects model.

Results
The pooled analyses revealed that DR techniques increased risks of periprocedural complications in patients with CTO PCI, including higher coronary perforation rate [risk ratio (RR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.55], periprocedural myocardial infarction (RR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.23–2.78), branch occlusion (RR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.92–3.77) and coronary hematoma (RR = 3.06; 95% CI 2.45–3.82) detected by intravascular ultrasound, when compared to those with WE techniques. However, DR techniques were more applied in patients with higher complexity CTO lesions, which was evidenced by higher J-CTO score [standard mean differences (SMD) = 0.71, 95% CI 0.51–0.91] and longer fluoroscopy time (SMD = 0.93, 95% CI 0.70–1.16), that may explain the higher complications rates in the DR techniques group as compared with WE techniques.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis suggests that the DR technique is relatively frequently used during contemporary CTO PCI, especially for challenging more complex CTO lesions. However, it is associated with higher, yet acceptable, rates of periprocedural adverse events as compared with a conventional WE strategy. Further refinement of DR techniques and evidence from large RCTs is needed to define the optimal role of DR in hybrid CTO PCI.
Dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography versus magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for biliary stones
Authors: Saito Hirokazu , Iwagoi Yuki , Noda Kana , Atsuji Shutaro , Takaoka Hiroko , Kajihara Hiroo , Shono Takashi , Nasu Jiro , Obara Hitoshi , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Tada Shuji , Morishita Shoji , Matsushita Ikuo , Katahira Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2020

Objective
Dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (DLCT) can detect noncalcified biliary stones. The diagnostic ability of DLCT for detecting biliary stones may be comparable to that of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). This study seeks to compare the diagnostic ability for biliary stones between these two imaging modalities.

Methods
This retrospective study included 102 cases with a diagnosis of biliary stones including gallstones (n = 66) and common bile duct (CBD) stones (n = 25) or spontaneously passing CBD stones (n = 11). The reference standard used was operative findings, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or follow-up over 6 months. In DLCT, 120-kVp images, 40-keV virtual monoenergetic images and material decomposition images were created. We compared the diagnostic ability of DLCT and MRCP for biliary stones using the McNemar’s test.

Results
The sensitivity and specificity of DLCT versus MRCP for biliary stones were 91.2% versus 95.6% and 90.9% versus 90.9%. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity were not significantly different (P = 0.25 and P = 1.0). Although in small stones (<9 mm) the sensitivity of calcified stones was not different between DLCT and MRCP (100% versus 92.5%), the sensitivity of noncalcified stones in DLCT was lower than that in MRCP (38.5% versus 100%).

Conclusion
The diagnostic ability of biliary stones in DLCT appears comparable to that of MRCP in overall cases. However, detecting noncalcified stones less than 9 mm in size is limited in DLCT.
Cholangitis in Patients With Biliary Atresia Receiving Hepatoportoenterostomy
Authors: Cheng Katherine , Molleston Jean P. , Bennett William E. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive form of liver disease in the neonatal period usually requiring hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE). Cholangitis is a common sequelae of HPE but data about which patients are at risk for this complication are limited.Objective:The objective of the study was to determine risk factors associated with cholangitis in a large retrospective cohort after HPE.Methods:The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried for BA (ICD‐9 975.61) and HPE (ICD‐9‐CM 51.37) admissions from 2004 to 2013. We performed univariate analysis and linear regression with dependent variables of ≥ 2 or ≥ 5 episodes of cholangitis, and independent variables of age at time of HPE, race, ethnicity, gender, insurance, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) use, steroid use, presence of esophageal varices (EV), and portal hypertension (PH).Results:We identified 1112 subjects with a median age at HPE of 63 days and median number of cholangitis episodes of 2 within 2 years. On multiple regression analysis, black race (odds ratio (OR) 1.51, P = 0.044) and presence of PH (OR 2.24, P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of ≥ 2 episodes of cholangitis, whereas HPE at >90 days was associated with less risk (OR 0.46, P = 0.001). Among those with ≥5 episodes, Asian race (OR 2.66, P = 0.038), public insurance (OR 1.72, P = 0.043), EV (OR 1.81, P = 0.017), and PH (OR 2.88, P < 0.001) were associated with higher risk.Conclusions:Complications, such as cholangitis remain a common problem for patients, after HPE, with median of 2 episodes within 2 years. Higher rates of cholangitis are associated with portal hypertension whereas lower rate is associated with age at HPE of >90 days. Asians, patients with public insurance, and those with portal hypertension are more likely to have recurrent cholangitis.
Distress in Infants and Young Children
Authors: Salvatore Silvia , Pagliarin Federica , Huysentruyt Koen , Bosco Annalisa , Fumagalli Letizia , Van De Maele Kristel , Agosti Massimo , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The role of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) causing distress in infants is controversial but acid inhibitors are often empirically prescribed. We evaluated the relation between distress assessed by the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale and GER in infants.Methods:We analyzed multiple intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) monitoring tracings of infants with persistent unexplained fussiness or distress. Symptoms occurring during investigation were scored by parents using the FLACC scale and were grouped as “distress” episodes.Results:We recruited 62 children (ages 15 days to 23 months, median age 3.5 months). During MII‐pH, 452 episodes of distress were registered: 217 (48%) were temporally associated with GER and 235 (52%) were not, with no difference in the median value of FLACC between the 2 groups. Infants with abnormal acid exposure index had a significantly lower FLACC compared with the group with acid reflux index <7% (P < 0.001). When associated with symptoms, GER occurred significantly more often before than simultaneously or after an episode of distress (P = 0.001). Age, proximal extension, and duration of GER did not correlate with FLACC scores. Episodes of distress associated with nonacid reflux presented a significant higher FLACC compared with the ones with acid content (FLACC 6 vs 5, P = 0.011). In infants, episodes of distress do not significantly correlate with GER.Conclusions:No difference in infant distress was noted between proximal and distal GER. Non‐acid reflux is perceived at least as painful than acid GER. Our results stress that acid inhibitors should not be started in infants presenting distress unless a clear association with acid GER is demonstrated.
Associations Between Postoperative Management in the Critical Care Unit and Adolescent Developmental Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery in Infancy: An Exploratory Study*
Authors: Shevell Allison H. , Sahakian Sossy K. , Nguyen Quynh , Fontela Patricia , Rohlicek Charles , Majnemer Annette 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:Children with congenital heart disease are at high risk for developmental sequelae. Most studies focus on preoperative and intraoperative predictors of developmental impairment, with less attention to the postoperative period. The relationship between patient-related factors specific to the postoperative course in the PICU following cardiac surgery with long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in adolescence was examined.Design:Retrospective chart review of patients previously recruited to a study describing their developmental outcomes in adolescence.Setting:Single tertiary care pediatric hospital in Canada.Patients:Eighty adolescents, born between 1991 and 1999, with congenital heart disease who required open-heart surgery before 2 years old.Measurements and Main Results:Several variables related to acuity of illness and complexity of postoperative course in the PICU were collected. Outcome measures included the Movement-Assessment Battery for Children-2 (motor), Leiter Brief Intelligence Quotient (cognition), and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (behavior). Analyses examined associations between PICU variables and long-term outcomes. Longer mechanical ventilation (β= –0.49;p= 0.013) and dopamine use (β= –14.41;p= 0.012) were associated with lower motor scores. Dopamine use was associated with lower cognitive scores (β= –14.02;p= 0.027). Longer PICU stay (β= 0.18;p= 0.002), having an open chest postoperatively (β= 3.83;p= 0.017), longer mechanical ventilation (β= 0.20;p= 0.001), longer inotrope support (β= 0.27;p= 0.002), hours on dopamine (β= 0.01;p= 0.007), days to enteral feeding (β= 0.22;p= 0.012), lower hemoglobin (β= –0.11;p= 0.004), and higher creatinine (β= 0.05;p= 0.014) were all associated with behavioral difficulties.Conclusions:Several important developmental outcomes in adolescents were associated with factors related to their postoperative course in the PICU as infants. Findings may highlight those children at highest risk for neurodevelopmental sequelae and suggest new approaches to critical care management following open-heart surgery, with the aim of mitigating or preventing adverse long-term outcomes.
Clinical Features of Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children*
Authors: Bhumbra Samina , Malin Stefan , Kirkpatrick Lindsey , Khaitan Alka , John Chandy C. , Rowan Courtney M. , Enane Leslie A. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
We sought to describe the presentation, course, and outcomes of hospitalized pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 patients, with detailed description of those requiring mechanical ventilation, and comparisons between critically ill and noncritical hospitalized pediatric patients.

Design:
Observational cohort study.

Setting:
Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health in Indianapolis in the early weeks of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Patients:
All hospitalized pediatric patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 as of May 4, 2020, were included.

Interventions:
Patients received therapies including hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, tocilizumab, and convalescent serum and were managed according to an institutional algorithm based on evidence available at the time of presentation.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 407 children tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 at our hospital, 24 were positive, and 19 required hospitalization. Seven (36.8%) were critically ill in ICU, and four (21%) required mechanical ventilation. Hospitalized children were predominantly male (14, 74%) and African-American or Hispanic (14, 74%), with a bimodal distribution of ages among young children less than or equal to 2 years old (8, 42%) and older adolescents ages 15–18 (6, 32%). Five of seven (71.4%) of critically ill patients were African-American (n = 3) or Hispanic (n = 2). Critical illness was associated with older age (p = 0.017), longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.036), and lower oxygen saturation on presentation (p = 0.016); with more thrombocytopenia (p = 0.015); higher C-reactive protein (p = 0.031); and lower WBC count (p = 0.039). Duration of mechanical ventilation averaged 14.1 days. One patient died.

Conclusions:
Severe, protracted coronavirus disease 2019 is seen in pediatric patients, including those without significant comorbidities. We observed a greater proportion of hospitalized children requiring mechanical ventilation than has been reported to date. Older children, African-American or Hispanic children, and males may be at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 requiring hospitalization. Hypoxia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated C-reactive protein may be useful markers of critical illness. Data regarding optimal management and therapies for pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 are urgently needed.
The Missing Link: The Business of Plastic Surgery
Authors: Reece Edward M. , Tanna Neil , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: July 2020

Summary:
The practice of plastic surgery has become more complex. As plastic surgeons face the postgraduate realities of contracts, negotiations, and health system employment, they are frequently unprepared to effectively manage these challenges. Furthermore, many plastic surgery training programs do not emphasize real-world business and policy concerns in residency training. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery endeavors to provide robust conceptual education and guidance in business and policy to help both private practice and academic plastic surgeons participate in, lead, and shape the future of health care.
“Quadripolar” Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Motor Evoked Potentials
Authors: Schwartz Stephanie L. , Kale Emily B. , Madden Dennis , Husain Aatif M. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To determine if transcranial electrical stimulation (TES)–induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are of higher amplitude when using two electrodes as anodes and two as cathodes, known as “quadripolar stimulation.”

Methods:
Patients who underwent TES MEP monitoring in which control, bipolar stimulation and four variations of quadripolar stimulation were used were evaluated. The bipolar stimulation montage was C3-C4 (C3 was used as anode for stimulation first, then the polarity was switched to stimulate the contralateral side). Four quadripolar montages were used: C3/C1-C4/C2 (step 1), M3/M1-M4/M2 (step 2), C3/M1-C4/M2 (step 3), and M3/C1-M4/C2 (step 4). The area under the curve for the right foot TES MEP was compared for the various montages using descriptive statistics and Fisher exact test for proportions.

Results:
Sixteen patients were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age as 51.6 years, range 4 to 80 years; 11 were female. The transcranial electrical stimulation MEP area under the curve for the right foot MEP was highest in the bipolar montage in 1 of 16 patients (6.3%). Meanwhile, it was highest in step 4 (M3/C1-M4/C2) in 9 of 16 patients (56.3%; P = 0.027). The highest right foot MEP area under the curve with one of the quadripolar montages was seen in 15 of 16 patients (93.8%; P = 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Quadripolar stimulation resulted in higher area under the curve for right foot MEP compared with conventional bipolar stimulation.
Limited specificity of serologic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, Benin, Western Africa
Authors: Yadouleton Anges , Sander Anna-Lena , Moreira-Soto Andres , Tchibozo Carine , Hounkanrin Gildas , Badou Yvette , Fischer Carlo , Krause Nina , Akogbeto Petas , de Oliveira Filho Edmilson F. , Dossou Anges , Brünink Sebastian , Joël AÏssi Melchior A. , Djingarey Mamoudou Harouna , Hounkpatin Benjamin , Nagel Michael , Drexler Jan Felix 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTesting 68 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and controls from Benin, Western Africa with commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody ELISAs revealed up to 25% false-positive results, likely due to unspecific antibody responses elicited by acute malaria. Serologic tests must be carefully evaluated to robustly assess SARS-CoV-2 spread and immunity in tropical regions.
Motor and Activity Psychosis-Risk (MAP-R) Scale: An exploration of scale structure with replication and validation
Authors: Damme Katherine S. F. , Schiffman Jason , Ellman Lauren M. , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMotor abnormalities precede and predict the onset of psychosis. Despite the practical utility of motor abnormalities for early identification, prediction, and individualized medicine applications, there is currently no dedicated self-report instrument designed to capture these important behaviors. The current study assessed and validated a questionnaire designed for use in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR).MethodsThe current study included both exploratory (n=3,009) and validation(n=439) analytic datasets– that included individuals at CHR (n=84)-who completed the novel Motor Abnormalities and Psychosis-Risk (MAP-R) Scale, clinical interviews and a finger tapping task. The structure of the scale and reliability of items were consistent across two analytic datasets. The resulting scales were assessed for discriminant validity across CHR, community sample non-psychiatric volunteer, and clinical groups.ResultsThe scale showed a consistent structure across independent data points across two analytic datasets subscale structure. The resultant subscale structure was consistent with conceptual models of motor pathology in psychosis (coordination and dyskinesia) in both the exploratory and the validation analytic dataset. Further, these subscales showed discriminant, predictive and convergent validity. The motor abnormality scales discriminated CHR from community sample non-psychiatric controls and clinical samples. Finally, these subscales predicted to risk calculator scores and showed convergent validity with motor performance on a finger tapping task.ConclusionThe MAP-R scale demonstrated good internal validity, discriminant validity, predictive validity, and convergent validity, and subscales map on to conceptually relevant motor circuits. This scale showed great promise in characterizing a novel area of detection of psychosis risk.