bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Age on Firefighter Combat Challenge Performance and Exercise Training Habits
Authors: Saari Anssi I. , Renz Griffin , Davis Paul , Abel Mark G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Saari, AI, Renz, G, Davis, P, and Abel, MG. The influence of age on firefighter combat challenge performance and exercise training habits. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2500–2506, 2020—The primary purpose of this study was to compare older vs. younger physically trained structural firefighters' performance in an international firefighter physical ability competition (Scott Firefighter Combat Challenge) and their engagement in physical training. Secondarily, firefighters' perceived importance of fitness characteristics to perform occupational tasks was evaluated. Sixty-four trained male firefighters' completed a timed occupationally specific competition course and a survey to assess exercise habits and perceived importance of fitness characteristics to perform fireground tasks. Firefighters were stratified into younger (<37 years; n = 34) and older (≥37 years; n = 30) cohorts based on the sample's median age. Independent samples t-tests were used to analyze differences in outcome measures between younger and older cohorts. It took older firefighters 8.8% longer to complete the course compared with younger firefighters (p = 0.029). Both groups reported similar training frequencies of cardiovascular (CV) training (Younger: 4.1 ± 1.7 vs. Older: 3.6 ± 1.5 session·wk−1, p = 0.203) and strength training (Younger: 3.6 ± 1.2 vs. Older 3.2 ± 1.4 session·wk−1, p = 0.274). Furthermore, there was no difference in weekly training load for CV (p = 0.663) or strength training (p = 0.898) activities between the cohorts. On average, firefighters indicated that all fitness characteristics were at least somewhat important for occupational performance. Occupationally relevant competition performance among a sample of fit firefighters was lower in older firefighters compared with younger firefighters, despite similar self-reported training volume and intensity. Practitioners may expect age-related decreases in occupational performance despite performing similar amounts of physical training.
Profiling the Post-match Top-up Conditioning Practices of Professional Soccer Substitutes: An Analysis of Contextual Influences
Authors: Hills Samuel P. , Barrett Stephen , Busby Matt , Kilduff Liam P. , Barwood Martin J. , Radcliffe Jon N. , Cooke Carlton B. , Russell Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hills, SP, Barrett, S, Busby, M, Kilduff, LP, Barwood, MJ, Radcliffe, JN, Cooke, CB, and Russell, M. Profiling the post-match top-up conditioning practices of professional soccer substitutes: An analysis of contextual influences. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2805–2814, 2020—Soccer practitioners implement “top-up” conditioning sessions to compensate for substitutes' limited match-play exposure. Although perceived to be valuable for reducing injury risk and augmenting positive physical adaptations, little research has considered the demands of post-match top-up training. To quantify post-match top-up responses, 31 professional soccer players wore 10 Hz microelectromechanical systems after 37 matches whereby they were selected in the match-day squad as substitutes (184 observations; 6 ± 5 observations·player−1). Linear mixed models and effect sizes (ES) assessed the influence of contextual factors on 23 physical performance variables. Top-ups lasted 17.13 ± 7.44 minutes, eliciting total and high-speed distances of 1.7 ± 6.2 km and 0.4 ± 1.7 km, respectively. Each contextual factor (i.e., position, substitution timing, match location, result, time of day, stage of the season, and fixture density) influenced at least 4 of the dependent variables profiled (p ≤ 0.05). Top-up duration; total, moderate-speed, and low-speed distance; and the number of repeated high-intensity efforts were greater for unused vs. used substitutes (ES: 0.38–0.73, small to moderate). Relative to away matches, home top-ups elicited heightened total, low-speed, and high-speed distances, alongside more moderate-speed accelerations and decelerations, and repeated high-intensity efforts (ES: 0.25–0.89, small to moderate). Although absolute and relative running distances were generally the highest when the fixture density was low, the greatest acceleration and deceleration demands were observed during the most congested fixture periods. Late-season top-ups typically elicited lower absolute physical responses than early and mid-season sessions. These data provide important information for practitioners when considering the aims and design of substitute top-up conditioning sessions, particularly with reference to contextual influences.
Does Sex Impact the Differences and Relationships in the One Repetition Maximum Performance Across Weightlifting Overhead Pressing Exercises?
Authors: Soriano Marcos A. , García-Ramos Amador , Calderbank Jessica , Marín Pedro J. , Sainz de Baranda Pilar , Comfort Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Soriano, MA, García-Ramos, A, Calderbank, J, Marín, PJ, Sainz de Baranda, P, and Comfort, P. Does sex impact the differences and relationships in the one repetition maximum performance across weightlifting overhead pressing exercises? J Strength Cond 36(7): 1930–1935, 2022—This study aimed to determine the impact of sex on the differences and relationships of the one repetition maximum (1RM) performance between 3 overhead pressing exercises (push press [PP], push jerk [PJ] and split jerk [SJ]). 15 men (body mass [BM]: 82.3 ± 9.9 kg; weightlifting training experience: 2.6 ± 1.6 years) and 15 women (BM: 64.4 ± 7.0 kg; weightlifting training experience: 2.2 ± 1.4 years) participated in this study. A ratio-scaled (1RM·BM−1) was used for the comparison between them. The 1RM of the 3 exercises were evaluated within the same testing session using a combined 1RM assessment method. The interaction effect of exercise and sex did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.671; η2 = 0.001). In contrast, there were significant main effects of exercise (p ≤ 0.01) and sex (p < 0.001) with medium (η2 = 0.096) and large effect sizes (η2 = 0.306), respectively. A similar main effect of exercise was reported for both men (PP [1.0 ± 0.1 kg·kg−1] < PJ [1.1 ± 0.2 kg·kg−1] ∼ SJ [1.2 ± 0.2 kg·kg−1]) and women (PP [0.8 ± 0.1 kg·kg−1] < PJ [0.9 ± 0.2 kg·kg−1] ∼ SJ [0.9 ± 0.2 kg·kg−1]). The 1RM performance of the 3 exercises was significantly correlated for men (r [range] = 0.856–0.963) and women (r [range] = 0.636–0.925). Sex does not affect the differences in the 1RM performance across weightlifting overhead pressing exercises. However, stronger correlations and lower variation in the 1RM performance during the PP, PJ, and SJ are expected for men compared with women.
Effect of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Resistance Exercise Performance
Authors: Green Michael S. , Kimmel Cody S. , Martin Tyler D. , Mouser James G. , Brune Madison P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Green, MS, Kimmel, CS, Martin, TD, Mouser, JG, and Brune, MP. Effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on resistance exercise performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1916–1921, 2022—A carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) has been shown to enhance short duration endurance performance and raises the possibility that a similar strategy could improve performance during resistance exercise. Eighteen male and female (N = 36) resistance trained subjects (mean values ± SD; age: 21.5 ± 1.6 years, height: 1.72 ± 0.09 m, body mass: 72.8 ± 13.4 kg, and body fat: 16.7 ± 5.8%) performed 3 experimental visits during which bench press resistance exercise (4 × 10 repetitions at 65% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM] with 120 seconds recovery) and repetitions to failure at 60% 1RM were performed. Subjects rinsed 25 ml of water (WAT), noncaloric placebo (PLA), or 6.4% maltodextrin (CHO) solution for 10 seconds during exercise in a crossover, counter-balanced manner. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), pleasure-displeasure (FS), number of repetitions to fatigue (REPS), and postexercise blood glucose (GLU) and lactate (LA) were measured. Compared to WAT (17.7 ± 0.8), PLA (19.0 ± 0.7; p = 0.025), and CHO (18.7 ± 0.8; p = 0.039) treatments resulted in higher REPS, with no difference between PLA and CHO treatments (p = 0.310). Rating of perceived exertion progressively increased each set (p < 0.0001), but was not affected by treatment (p = 0.897). Pleasure-displeasure declined during recovery from sets 3 and 4 (p < 0.05) but was also not affected by treatment (p = 0.692). Postexercise GLU (p = 0.103) and LA (p = 0.620) were not different between treatments. Although a placebo effect was present for REPS, this study failed to detect an effect of CMR on REPS, RPE, FS, GLU, or LA on upper-body resistance exercise.
Evaluation of Size-Effect Models for High-Strength Steel Fiber–Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Khalilpour S. , Dehestani M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn an effort to mitigate crack growth, nine high-strength steel fiber–reinforced concrete (HSSFRC) mixtures were designed in this study, and specimens with various sizes were cast and cured. First, a total of 135 cylinder specimens were tested under the load- and displacement-control apparatus. The crack patterns and size-effect models (size-effect law [SEL], modified SEL [MSEL], multi-fractal scaling law [MFSL], and Sim et al.) were then investigated. The results confirm that with the addition of steel fiber, the rate of crack propagation dramatically decreases, indicating that specimens absorb more energy to break. Accordingly, the effect of size in cylindrical specimens is significantly improved, characterizing a size-independent state. Furthermore, the efficiency of SEL, MSEL, and MFSL models is considerably enhanced when steel fibers are added to the mixtures. For nonfibrous high-strength concrete specimens with brittle nature, SEL and the Sim et al. models are found to be of higher efficacy. Besides, the SEL outperforms the others since it is not only compatible with HSSFRC but also reflects all the characteristics of the specimens in various sizes. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the effect of steel fiber on reducing the size effect compared to other fiber types obtained from various researches is quite noticeable. It is also important to note that there is very little difference between the results of 10 % and 20 % fiber reinforcement; therefore, using 10 % steel fiber reinforcement in concrete is recommended.
Effect of Interspersed Hold at Peak Load on the High-Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Response of SS 316 L(N) Stainless Steel
Authors: Prakash Raghu V. , Thomas Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Low-carbon, nitrogen-enhanced austenitic stainless steels (316 L(N)) are often used in the construction of power plant components, such as heat transport systems that operate at elevated temperatures. Some of these components may be subjected to a combination of creep and fatigue loads during the high-temperature operating conditions, and the synergistic action leads to accelerated failure life. The present study aims to assess the effect of interspersed hold at peak load on the fatigue crack growth rate in SS 316 L(N) at test temperatures of 823 K (550°C), 873 K (600°C), and 923 K (650°C). The fatigue hold-time experiments were conducted using repeated blocks of 1,500 cycles of constant amplitude cyclic loading at a stress ratio of 0.1 followed by a hold-time waveform at the peak load with a dwell period of 600 s. In some experiments, the dwell time was set as 900 or 1,200 s. The results indicate a marginal slowdown in the crack growth rate with dwell time testing at 550°C compared with continuous cycling at high temperatures. This could be due to increased crack tip plasticity, crack tip blunting due to hold time, and associated crack closure during subsequent cycles of fatigue loading. Crack length estimated by unloading compliance technique prior to and after hold time suggested a crack length increase after hold period for the first unloading cycle, but upon subsequent cycling, the crack growth rate appeared to slow down. It is presumed that there is a competition between crack closure due to enhanced plastic zone sizes (due to creep) and crack extension due to creep during hold time. It is noted that SS 310 L(N) is a creep-resistant alloy and exhibits dynamic strain aging at the test temperatures. The scanning electron microscopy fractographs in general indicated evidence of conjoint damage due to fatigue (through striations) and creep. The presence of both transgranular and intergranular modes of fracture could be seen. Formation of the triple-point crack as a result of grain boundary sliding was observed from the electron fractography in addition to void nucleation along the grain boundaries, indicating the damage accumulation during the creep.
Parallel Lemniscal and Non-Lemniscal Sources Control Auditory Responses in the Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC)
Authors: Srivastava Hemant K. , Bandyopadhyay Sharba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) controls flexible behavior through stimulus value updating based on stimulus outcome associations, allowing seamless navigation in dynamic sensory environments with changing contingencies. Sensory cue driven responses, primarily studied through behavior, exist in the OFC. However, OFC neurons’ sensory response properties, particularly auditory, are unknown in the mouse, a genetically tractable animal. We show that mouse OFC single neurons have unique auditory response properties showing pure oddball detection and long timescales of adaptation resulting in stimulus-history dependence. Further, we show that OFC auditory responses are shaped by two parallel sources in the auditory thalamus, lemniscal and non-lemniscal. The latter underlies a large component of the observed oddball detection and additionally controls persistent activity in the OFC through the amygdala. The deviant selectivity can serve as a signal for important changes in the auditory environment. Such signals, if coupled with persistent activity, obtained by disinhibitory control from the non-lemniscal auditory thalamus or amygdala, will allow for associations with a delayed outcome related signal, like reward prediction error, and potentially forms the basis of updating stimulus outcome associations in the OFC. Thus, the baseline sensory responses allow the behavioral requirement-based response modification through relevant inputs from other structures related to reward, punishment, or memory. Thus, alterations in these responses in neurologic disorders can lead to behavioral deficits.
Curative resection of an aldosteronoma causing primary aldosteronism in the second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Shekhar Skand , Haykal Rasha , Kamilaris Crystal , Stratakis Constantine A , Hannah-Shmouni Fady 
Published: August 2020

Summary
A 29-year-old primigravida woman with a known history of primary aldosteronism due to a right aldosteronoma presented with uncontrolled hypertension at 5 weeks of estimated gestation of a spontaneous pregnancy. Her hypertension was inadequately controlled with pharmacotherapy which lead to the consideration of surgical management for her primary aldosteronism. She underwent curative right unilateral adrenalectomy at 19 weeks of estimated gestational age. The procedure was uncomplicated, and her blood pressure normalized post-operatively. She did, however, have a preterm delivery by cesarean section due to intrauterine growth retardation with good neonatal outcome. She is normotensive to date.

Learning points:

Primary aldosteronism is the most common etiology of secondary hypertension with an estimated prevalence of 5–10% in the hypertensive population.

It is important to recognize the subtypes of primary aldosteronism given that certain forms can be treated surgically.

Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with significantly higher maternal and fetal complications.

Data regarding the treatment of primary aldosteronism in pregnancy are limited.

Adrenalectomy can be considered during the second trimester of pregnancy if medical therapy fails to adequately control hypertension from primary aldosteronism.
Contribución al desarrollo de la educación farmacéutica costarricense: Perfil Académico Profesional de la persona farmacéutica asistencial
Authors: Badilla Baltodano Beatriz , Montero Chinchilla Nuria , Mora Vargas Ana Isabel , Quesada Rojas Yajaira , Castro Murillo Ginette , Monge Monge María 
Published: August 2020

Se presenta una investigación de tipo cualitativa, que contribuye al desarrollo de la educación farmacéutica en Costa Rica mediante una propuesta de Perfil Académico Profesional (PAP) de la persona que ejerce en el área de la farmacia asistencial, área de mayor desempeño profesional en nuestro país. El PAP presentado integra tres áreas: cognitiva, actitudinal y laboral. Los conocimientos del área cognitiva se clasifican según las categorías establecidas por la Conferencia Iberoamericana de Facultades de Farmacia, y los desempeños profesionales fueron enunciados según las funciones, actividades y tareas establecidas para los farmacéuticos por la Federación Internacional Farmacéutica y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El PAP propuesto engloba la necesaria vinculación entre el diseño curricular del plan de estudios y el ejercicio profesional esperado. Asimismo, es concebido como la caracterización del tipo de profesional en farmacia que pretenden formar las instituciones de educación superior, considerando además de los intereses académicos de las universidades, también el compromiso laboral en el sector social y de salud razón que la hace ser un valioso insumo las universidades que ofrecen la carrera de Farmacia y para SINAES lo incluya en sus criterios de calidad. El equipo de trabajo y la asesoría del Sistema Nacional de Acreditación de la Educación Superior (SINAES) compilaron, revisaron y analizaron referentes nacionales e internacionales en la formación de profesionales farmacéuticos, planes de estudio y otras fuentes bibliográficas, así como entrevistas a profesionales destacados. Metodológicamente, la propuesta de perfil fue sometida a tres procesos de validación que dieron como resultado el documento final.
Roman gravestone with a rider scene recovered from Bölcske
Authors: Szabó Ernő 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the author publishes a Roman funerary stela from Bölcske found in 2015. Only two highly fragmentary rows have survived of its inscription. The execution of the stela (proportions, arrangement, the framing of fields) and the rider scene of the relief field provide more information than the incomplete funerary inscription: based on three analogous tombstones belonging to soldiers of the ala Frontoniana, one may assume that the person mentioned on the Bölcske gravestone had also served in this unit. Unit history, style analysis arguments and palaeographical reasons all point toward the dating of the monument to the early reign of Emperor Trajan.
Cytotoxic properties of graphene derivatives depending on origin and type of cell line
Authors: Zuchowska Agnieszka , Dabrowski Bartlomiej , Jastrzebska Elzbieta , Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka Marta , Malolepszy Artur , Stobinski Leszek , Trzaskowski Maciej , Brzozka Zbigniew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Digital Radio Networks Centralized Elements Synchronization Model with Random Multiple Access to the CSMA/CA Type Medium
Authors: Peregudov Maksim , Steshkovoy Anatoliy 
Published: August 2020

Currently, there is a great interest in digital radio network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type , the effectiveness of which determines the process of establishing a communication session. At the same time, there was no assessment effectiveness digital radio communication network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type. Also, there was no assessment made the contribution of potential destructive actions by the attacker to the reduction in the effectiveness of such synchronization. This paper presents digital radio networks centralized elements synchronization analytical model with random multiple access to the CSMA/CA type medium. In this model the theoretical resulting indicator is the probability of successful delivery of a synchronization package, and a package frequency of successful delivery is used in experimental indicator evaluation . The model takes into account the potential destructive effects of the attacker in analytical expressions for known probabilistic indicators. An digital radio network centralized elements synchronization with random multiple access to a CSMA/CA type experimental study an environment is also presented. The most common network of digital radio standard IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) is considered as such network. The experimental research results differ from the theoretical research results slightly, which indicates the adequacy of the developed analytical model. It was established, firstly, that the successful delivery probability of a synchronization packet does not depend on number of subscriber terminals in digital radio communication networks, secondly, with an average duration of a data packet transmission by such terminal less than 0.85 ms, it is advisable to use non-random, and the reserved multiple access to the environment, and, thirdly, centralized synchronization is resistant to destructive influences. The model is applicable in the design of digital radio networks with random multiple access to the medium such as CSMA/CA, as well as in optimizing the operation of such networks.
Control of Zeros and Poles in Problems of Synthesis of Regulation Systems. Part I. Compensation Approach
Authors: Filimonov A. B. , Filimonov N. B. 
Published: August 2020

A highly important place in the theory and practice of automatic systems occupy the problems of synthesis of automatic regulation systems (ARS) based on the requirements for the dynamic quality of regulation processes. For class of linear stationary ARS such requirements are imposed upon the type and parameters of its transition characteristic which is uniquely determined by its transfer function (TF). In this connection the setting of problem of ARS synthesis with desired TF, corresponding to the given amplification coefficient, zeros and poles of the synthesized system is regularity. The given problem is worth while to call as the control problem of zeros and poles of ARS. In the present paper consists into two parts, the questions of control of zeros and poles ARS, which are important for engineering applications are considered. A critical analysis of the known compensation and compensation-modal regulation schemes is given. And also the new circuit solutions combining the functionality possibilities of compensation and modal approaches are proposed. The first part of the article the effect of compensation of zeros and poles of control objects in ARS is analyzed. The understanding of this effect gives the representation of the system of canonical structure of R. Kalman, according to which the compensation of zeros and poles of object does not mean their physical liquidation. As a result of compensation, they become the poles of its unobservable and unmanageable parts, which will be tell upon the regulation processes in the conditions of disturbances of the state of control object. The given effect and its negative results are clearly detected in the classical method of constructing of controllers on a priori given (desired, reference) TF of closed ARS. The influence of the factor of non-minimal phase zeros on the dynamics of control systems is studied. The effect of negative ejection in the transition characteristic of the system is described and its quantitative assessment is given for the case of a single real right zero. In the second part of the article the well-known methods for ARS synthesis with desired TF, based on use of polynomial calculus apparatus are considered and analyzed. New compensatory modal methods which may be of interest in engineering applications are proposed.