bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Segmentation and Ensemble Classification for Accurate Plant Disease Detection
Authors: Santhosh Kumar P. , Kalaivani K. , Balakrishna R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe majority of the crops are wasted owing to deficiency of transport, plant diseases and lack of storage facilities. Above 15% of crops are worn out in India owing to diseases and therefore it has turned out to be a main concern to be solved. This study introduces an advanced framework for plant disease detection by integrating enhanced image segmentation techniques with robust ensemble classification models. Our methodology begins with the pre‐processing of plant leaf images using median filtering and Wiener denoising to reduce noise and enhance image quality. As the next step, the Improved Region Growing Algorithm (IRGA) is deployed for the segmentation of images. Then, features together with ‘Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), improved Binary Gabor Pattern (IBGP), Haralick features, color features like RGB Color Histogram, disease area and higher order statistical features (Entropy, Skewness, variance and kurtosis)’ are extracted. The improved independent component analysis (IICA) model is then used to choose the best attributes. Lastly, detection takes place using Ensemble classifiers (EC) including Neural Network (NN), modified effective squeeze and excitation block‐based deep convolutional neural network (M‐ESE‐DCNN) and bi‐directional gated recurrent unit (BI‐GRU). Further, the DCNN weights are optimised via the Colliding Archimedes and Teamwork Algorithm (CA‐TWA) model. For the best case with dataset 1, EC + CA‐TWA got a high accuracy of 0.94, while EC + BOA, EC + DOX, EC + SSO, EC + TOA and EC + ArOA had lower accuracy. Furthermore, for all schemes, dataset 1 displays superior outputs to dataset 2 and dataset 3. Finally, an evaluation is done to validate this work.
The effect of sleep and shift work on the primary immune response to messenger RNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Brouwers Tamara M. J. , Çobanoğlu Ümmü Gülsüm , Geers Daryl , Rietdijk Wim J. R. , Gommers Lennert , Bogers Susanne , Lammers Gert Jan , van der Horst Gijsbertus T. J. , Chaves Inês , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H. , Koch Birgit C. P. , de Vries Rory D. , van Baarle Debbie , van der Kuy Hugo M. , Lammers‐van der Holst Heidi M. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryShift work can cause circadian misalignment, which often results in sleeping problems and has been associated with immune dysfunction. To better understand the impact of shift work on a primary immune response to vaccination, we compared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses after one injection of the messenger RNA (mRNA)‐1273 vaccine between day workers (n = 24) and night shift workers (n = 21). In addition, duration and quality of sleep were assessed for a period of 7 days around the time of vaccination using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries, and their relationship with immunogenicity of mRNA‐1273 vaccination was studied. We found that median total sleep time on the 2 days immediately after vaccination, which coincided with the days that night shift workers worked night shifts, was significantly lower in night shift workers (342 and 318 min) than day workers (431 and 415 min) (both p < 0.001). There was no difference in sleep quality between day workers and night shift workers. Furthermore, no difference in the antibody response between the two groups was observed, yet night shift workers had a significantly higher virus‐specific T‐cell response than day workers 28 days after immunisation (p = 0.013). Multivariate regression analysis showed no association between sleep duration, sleep quality and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral or cellular immune responses. Collectively, these findings indicate that shift work‐induced sleep loss and night shift work have little to no effect on the primary immune response to mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccination.
Clinical findings, treatment, and outcomes in cats with naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism: 41 cases
Authors: Roberts Emma , Ramsey Ian K. , Gostelow Ruth , Latysheva Anna , Battaglia Luca , Silvestrini Paolo , Benchekroun Ghita , Brenner Karen , Conversy Bérénice , Ferriani Riccardo , Kortum Andre , Stammeleer Lisa , Van den Steen Nele , Tavares Flavia , Lieser Julia , Hibbert Angie , Duclos Antoine , Bunn Troy , Boag Alisdair M , Arenas Carolina , Roe Kirsty , Zeugswetter Florian K. , Cui Yi , Schofield Imogen , Fracassi Federico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypoadrenocorticism in cats is uncommonly reported. Most reports consist of cats with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, or both.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe clinical findings, treatment response, and outcome in cats diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism, including cats with abnormal and normal serum sodium and potassium concentrations.AnimalsForty‐one cats with hypoadrenocorticism; 36 with and 5 without abnormal serum sodium and potassium concentrations.MethodsMulticenter retrospective observational study. Data for the entire cohort were assessed using descriptive statistics and differences between cats with and without abnormal serum sodium and potassium concentrations were evaluated.ResultsMedian age was 5.7 years (range, 0.2‐13.8). Twenty‐three (56%) cats were male and 18 (44%) were female. Cats with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, or both were less likely to have a history of vomiting (P = .01) but more likely to be hypothermic (P = .03), dehydrated (P = .04) or weak (P = .04) on examination, compared with nonhyponatremic and nonhyperkalemic cats. Frequency of hypercalcemia was 31.7%. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) was diagnosed in 4/7 cats tested; all 4 had concurrent cobalamin deficiency. Thirty‐five (85.4%) cats survived to discharge. In 2 cats, hypoadrenocorticism occurred secondary to lymphoma. Median survival time (MST) for all‐cause mortality was 2035 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 294‐4380 days); MST for disease‐specific mortality was not reached.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceApproximately one‐third of cats with hypoadrenocorticism had hypercalcemia. In some cases, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were not observed. Cats with nonneoplastic associated hypoadrenocorticism that survive initial hospitalization can have a favorable long‐term prognosis. Testing for EPI may be warranted in cats with hypoadrenocorticism.
Introduction to the special issue on property tax administration
Authors: Ross Justin M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis issue is specialized on the theme of property tax administration. The issue features six original research articles and two research notes and is well‐timed for the current moment of American politics and policy. New Mexico, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Arizona, Colorado, and North Dakota had ballot initiatives this November aimed at restricting property taxes or granting various forms of property tax relief. Over the past year, Colorado, Indiana, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, and New Jersey established legislative task forces on property taxes that have churned out various recommendations to their General Assemblies.
Strengths‐Based Assessment and Inclusive Language for Patients With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Jain Shivani , Shah Karishma , Woo Seungmin , Dykman Morgan , Fung Lawrence K. , Rork Jillian F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPediatric dermatology patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and comorbid cutaneous conditions often face barriers to effective healthcare due to differences in communication preferences and sensitivities to environmental factors. The clinical intake process serves as a potential intervention point to help better understand and meet patients' needs. Strengths‐based assessment and considerations around identity‐first versus person‐first language are tools that can improve the clinical intake process in pediatric dermatology. We provide examples of intake questions and recommendations to help guide IDD‐informed care.
Global, Regional and National Burden of Maternal Obstructed Labour and Uterine Rupture, 1990–2021: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Guo Zhifeng , Ji Wangquan , Yan Mengqing , Shi Yang , Chen Teng , Bai Fanghui , Wu Yu , Guo Zhe , Song Linlin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMaternal obstructed labour and uterine rupture (MOLUR) are among the major maternal labour complications that threaten maternal and child health.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to systematically analyse the global burden of MOLUR using the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) database to inform further improvements in maternal‐related public health policies.MethodsIncidence and disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) data on MOLUR from 1990 to 2021 were collected in the GBD 2021. The joinpoint and Bayesian age–period–cohort models were used to analyse and predict time burden trends. The slope index and concentration index were used to evaluate health inequality. Frontier analysis was used to visualise the potential for burden reduction in individual countries or territories.ResultsIn 2021, 13,471,093 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8,938,373, 19,008,282) incident cases of MOLUR were reported worldwide, which caused 1,067,270 (95% UI 896,161, 1,275,042) DALYs. Over the past three decades, there has been an overall downward trend in the age‐standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age‐standardised DALY rate (ASDR) of MOLUR globally, with the ASIR decreasing from 554.0 (95% UI 355.6, 786.3) per 100,000 in 1990 to 347.0 (95% UI 228.8, 489.4) in 2021. The ASDR decreased from 65.4 (95% UI 56.0, 75.7) per 100,000 in 1990 to 27.0 (95% UI 22.7, 32.2) in 2021. By 2040, the global ASIRs and ASDRs projections for MOLUR will likely continue to decline. Socioeconomic‐related inequalities are narrowing, but the burden remains concentrated in low socioeconomically developed countries. Israel and Afghanistan showed the largest differences from the frontier boundaries of ASIR and ASDR.ConclusionsAlthough the global burden of MOLUR has declined in the last three decades, it remains high and is still concentrated in economically underdeveloped countries. The reduction in DALYs attributable to MOLUR globally reflects significant progress in improving maternal health and reducing complications of childbirth.
The primacy of the practical: Russell Ford's Experience and Empiricism: Hegel, Hume, and the Early Deleuze
Authors: Lawlor Leonard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the subtitle indicates, this article examines Russell Ford's new book on Deleuze's 1953 Empiricism and Subjectivity. Ford's book especially illuminates Deleuze's book on Hume in two ways. First, he shows how Deleuze's first book intervenes in an ongoing debate in French philosophy between transcendence and immanence. Second, Ford provides an intense reading of Deleuze's first book. The question, however, that Ford's book aims to answer is the nature of empiricism itself. My article reconstructs the precise definition of empiricism found in Experience and Empiricism. But also, because Ford stresses the priority of the practical in Deleuze's interpretation of Hume, my article, near the end, shows how Deleuze's view of the practical in his 1968 Difference and Repetition contests the view of the practical presented in Deleuze's Empiricism and Subjectivity.
A Decade in Transition: Forms of Recalibration in the Italian Regional Health Systems
Authors: Betti Marco , Maino Franca 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTStarting in the 1990s, healthcare legislation in Italy gradually expanded the powers and responsibilities of the regions. In this context, focusing solely on the National Health Service (NHS) may have limited our understanding of regional‐level transformations over the past decade. This article examines the restructuring of Italian Regional Health Services (SSR) from 2011 to 2021. We specifically analyse two key dimensions of healthcare: ordinary hospital beds and territorial structures, paying close attention to their composition and the public‐private nature of the offer. Our article aims to achieve two main objectives. Firstly, it describes the changes that have occurred in different SSRs over the past decade, deepening the functional, institutional and distributive aspects of ‘recalibration’. Secondly, we explore whether homogeneous clusters of SSRs emerged or if, on the contrary, the recalibration process has given rise to a kaleidoscope of health systems, underscoring the significant regional differentiation that has long characterised Italian healthcare.
Subsoiling with straw return promotes soil nitrogen supply and increase maize yield in saline‐alkaline farmland of the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Yu Chunxiao , Liu Hanwen , Dong Shide , Ma Qian , Zhang Haibo , Zhang Yi , Cui Guangxu , Yang Shihong , Wang Guangmei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe distinct soil physicochemical properties of saline‐alkali farmland often lead to nutrient deficiencies, particularly in nitrogen. Both straw return and tillage are essential practices for modifying saline‐alkali soils, however, their combined effects on soil properties, nitrogen(N) transformation and absorption, as well the crop yield remain inadequately understood. A field experiment was conducted to assess the cumulative impacts of straw return and tillage (rotary tillage, deep tillage and subsoiling) on soil salinity, nitrogen transformation and maize yield. The results revealed that the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) significantly decreased from the 0–20 cm layer to the 20–40 cm layer, indicating that deep tillage was less effective on salt accumulation in the surface soil. The return of straw return and tillage practices significantly influenced the fractions of soil organic nitrogen (SON) and the distribution percentage in total nitrogen. Additionally, these practices notably interacted to increase soil acid insoluble‐N, active SON and stable SON. The combination of straw return and rotary tillage resulted in a higher content of stable SON in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Conversely, the combination of straw return and subsoiling proved to be more effective on soil available N and active SON supplying, as well as maintaining stable nitrogen levels. Furthermore, straw return combined with subsoiling achieved the highest plant nitrogen uptake and yield, with increases of 21.7% and 38.2%, respectively, compared to the rotary without straw. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that stable SON was the primary contributor influencing maize yield, while inorganic N in the 0–20 cm layer and hydrolysable ammonium nitrogen (NH4+‐N) in the 20–40 cm were also the closely related factors. These results provide a new insight for implementing straw return measures to enhance soil quality and increase crop production in saline‐alkali farmland.
Phylogeny and classification of Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha): A new evolutionary scenario for the most diverse planthopper family
Authors: Luo Yang , Bucher Manon , Bourgoin Thierry , Löcker Birgit , Feng Ji‐Nian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Cixiidae represent the most diverse family within Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha, accounting for nearly 20% of the described species. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of 147 taxa reveals a new evolutionary scenario for the family, identifying four major lineages: borystheninian (restricted to the Borysthenini), oecleinian and pentastirinian, grouped in one clade, sister to the cixiinian one. In the oecleinian lineage, the Oecleini are paraphyletic, including the Bothriocerini. Three groups are identified in the pentastirinian lineage: the Hyalesthes+, Pentastiridius+ and Oliarus+ clades. Within the cixiinian lineage, as traditionally recognised, the Cixiini tribe is polyphyletic, involving a basally separated Achaemenes clade, a newly described Chidaeini trib. nov., and the ‘true Cixiini’ clade, which itself remains paraphyletic, including the Semonini. The Andini tribe appears paraphyletic, including the Brixiini, and the position of the Gelastocephalini is yet to be confirmed. Despite its significance, the sampling remains incomplete, hindering, in our opinion, the formal taxonomic recognition of these lineages with formal ranks for a new classification of the Cixiidae. Fossil‐calibrated tree analysis indicates that Cixiidae originated in Lower Jurassic, approximately 181 million years ago. The four identified main lineages diverged during the Lower Jurassic in some 12 million years only, 155 million years ago. All currently recognised tribes and new major clades revealed with this study were present as early as the mid‐Cretaceous, around 100 million years ago; however, the Bennini tribe and the ‘true Cixiini’ clade emerged later, some 75 million years ago.
Phytosulfokine downregulates defense‐related WRKY transcription factors and attenuates pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity
Authors: Liu Dian , Jelenska Joanna , Morgan Jessica M. , Greenberg Jean T. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYPhytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant growth‐promoting peptide hormone that is perceived by its cell surface receptors PSKR1 and PSKR2 in Arabidopsis. Plants lacking the PSK receptors show phenotypes consistent with PSK signaling repressing some plant defenses. To gain further insight into the PSK signaling mechanism, comprehensive transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis treated with PSK was performed, and the effects of PSK treatment on plant defense readouts were monitored. Our study indicates that PSK's major effect is to downregulate defense‐related genes; it has a more modest effect on the induction of growth‐related genes. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) emerged as key regulators of PSK‐responsive genes, sharing commonality with a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) responses, flagellin 22 (flg22), but exhibiting opposite regulatory directions. These PSK‐induced transcriptional changes were accompanied by biochemical and physiological changes that reduced PAMP responses, notably mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MPK) phosphorylation (previously implicated in WRKY activation) and the cell wall modification of callose deposition. Comparison with previous studies using other growth stimuli (the sulfated plant peptide containing sulfated tyrosine [PSY] and Pseudomonas simiae strain WCS417) also reveals WRKY TFs' overrepresentations in these pathways, suggesting a possible shared mechanism involving WRKY TFs for plant growth–defense trade‐off.
Restless legs syndrome among blood donors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ngoma Alain M. , Mutombo Paulin B. , Mosli Mahmoud , Omokoko Magot D. , Nollet Kenneth E. , Ohto Hitoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRestless legs syndrome (RLS), with adverse health outcomes, has been linked to blood donation, but evidence published thus far has not been rigorously analysed. This systematic review aggregates existing evidence on RLS among blood donors and identifies associated factors worthy of further investigation.Materials and MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for articles published through 16 December 2023. Eleven studies from eight countries were selected from 142 publications. The pooled prevalence of RLS was calculated using a random‐effects model, with heterogeneity assessed by the Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Meta‐regression and sensitivity analyses explored sources of heterogeneity and the robustness of findings.ResultsEleven studies, involving 20,255 blood donors, were included. The pooled prevalence of RLS among blood donors was 10.30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.54%–16.30%), which was significantly higher than in the general adult population (3.0%, 95% CI: 1.4%–3.8%). Meta‐regression identified the year of study and geographical region as significant sources of heterogeneity. From the five studies that used logistic regression analyses, female sex and older age stand out as associated factors. No publication bias was detected, and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of results.ConclusionOur findings suggest a high burden of RLS among blood donors, underscoring the need for further research with standardized criteria, appropriate design and analytical methodologies to better understand the impact of RLS on individual donors and the global blood supply.
Cluster Versus Rest-Redistribution Training: Similar Improvements in Neuromuscular Capacities in Female Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Janicijevic Danica , Cuevas-Aburto Jesualdo , Jukic Ivan , Gu Yaodong , García-Ramos Amador 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study’s purpose was to investigate the midterm effects of alternative set configurations (cluster [CL] and rest redistribution [RR]) on lower- and upper-body neuromuscular capacities in female athletes. Method: Twenty team-sport female athletes were randomly assigned to a CL (n = 10) or RR (n = 10) training group. The study protocol comprised 2 pretests, 12 training sessions, and a posttest. Both groups engaged in identical exercises (squat and bench press), load intensity (75% of 1-repetition maximum), and volume (18 repetitions per exercise). The distinction between the groups lay in the total session rest time: The CL group had 23 minutes (3 sets of 6 repetitions with 30 s of intraset rest every 2 repetitions and 3 min of interset rest), whereas the RR group had 17 minutes (9 sets of 2 repetitions with 45 s of interset rest). Countermovement-jump height and load–velocity relationship variables (load-intercept, velocity-intercept, and area under the load–velocity relationship line) were assessed during the squat and bench-press exercises. Results: All dependent variables revealed greater values at posttest compared with pretest (P ≤ .040; averaged Hedges g = 0.35 for CL and 0.60 for RR), but time × group interactions never reached statistical significance (P ≥ .144). Likewise, the comparison of the magnitude of changes between the 2 groups revealed only trivial differences, except for a small greater change in bench-press area under the load–velocity relationship line for RRG (Hedges g = 0.40). Conclusions: RR is a more efficient strategy than CL for inducing strength gains in female athletes.