bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substantial decline in atmospheric aridity due to irrigation in India
Authors: Ambika Anukesh Krishnankutty , Mishra Vimal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Compound extremes of soil moisture (SM) drought and high vapor pressure deficit (atmospheric aridity) are disastrous for natural and social systems. Despite a significant expansion in irrigated area in India, the role of irrigation on SM and atmospheric aridity is not examined. We used observations, reanalysis datasets, and high-resolution simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to show that irrigation significantly modulates SM and atmospheric aridity in India. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, which is one of the most intensively irrigated regions in the world, experienced significant (P-value = 0.03) cooling (∼0.8 °C) and an increase in solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence during the crop growing season (November–February). Atmospheric aridity has significantly (P-value = 0.0002) declined (−1.38 kPa) while SM (1.6 m3 m−3) and relative humidity (RH) (2.0%) have increased over the Indo-Gangetic Plain during 1979–2018. We conducted high-resolution simulations using the WRF model to examine the role of irrigation on atmospheric aridity. Irrigation strongly modulates SM drought and atmospheric aridity by increasing latent heat and RH and reducing sensible heat. Our findings have implications as irrigation can influence compound extremes of SM drought and atmospheric aridity. Climate models need to incorporate the influence of irrigation for reliable projections in the intensively irrigated regions.
Optimization of abrasive wear behaviour of halloysite nanotubes filled carbon fabric reinforced epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Muralidhara B , Kumaresh Babu S P , Hemanth G , Suresha B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This research article presents the role of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) incorporated carbon fabric/epoxy under a dry sand three-body abrasive wear (D3BW) condition. HNTs filled carbon fabric/epoxy nanocomposites are structured by hand layup assisted by the vacuum bagging process. The experiments were planned using L16 Taguchi array. The load, abrading distance, and filler loading were considered as a controlling factor. Wear volume loss associated in D3BW with two different sand particles size (212 μm and 425 μm) were investigated. Post-wear surface morphology was observed under the scanning electron microscope, and micro-cutting, and micro-ploughing were predominant. Both 212 μm and 425 μm sand particles had a similar wear volume loss, but, the composites were wear-resistant towards the 425 μm sand particles. Based on the experimental results, analysis of variance and multi-linear regression models, the load, abrading distance, load + abrading and load + filler loading had considerable impact on the abrasive wear on the composites. However, the filler loading had no definite impact on the abrasive wear behaviour.
Strategies for high performance and scalable on-chip spectrometers
Authors: Wang Junzhuan , Zheng Binjie , Wang Xiaomu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Miniature spectrometers provide promising potential for on-chip or in situ optical analysis. In recent years there has been significant progress towards reducing the size and improving the performance of these spectrometers. The workhorse is light splitting components. This work has been led primarily by the innovative use of new light analysis strategies and new nanostructured materials with the notable increase in the spectral range and resolution. This review summarizes the latest developments classified as monochromatic, modulated and computational types of miniature spectrometers according to the spectral extraction methods. Particularly, we highlight the recent advances in designing of sophisticated gratings, resonators, interferometers and photonic crystals (PCs), the emerging of novel nanostructured materials and improvement in the computational spectra reconstruction algorithms. We examine the different approaches employed to reduce size and enhance light–matter interaction of the final spectrometers, especially emphasizing the trade-off between various metrics of the spectrometer including device footprint, measurable spectral range, spectral resolution, sensitivity as well as complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatibility. We also examine potential applications of on-chip spectrometers and outlook where further developments are required.
HamletRevision: Bhardwaj’sHaideras Crossmapping and Contact Zone
Authors: Hoydis Julia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompleting his trilogy of adaptations of Shakespearean tragedies, Indian director Vishal Bhardwaj’s film Haider (2014) tackles Hamlet. A generic fusion of realist drama, Bollywood movie, and espionage thriller, the film intersects the Elizabethan source text’s revenge plot with intertextual references to journalist Basharat Peer’s contemporary war memoir Curfewed Nights (2011), detailing the realities in insurgency-torn Kashmir in the 1990s. Taking its cue from the film’s controversial reception, which runs the gamut from censorship, appraisals, and criticism that Indian film does not need the ‘crutch’ of Hamlet to claim attention, this article explores questions about border-crossing, violence, and reconciliation raised on the level of form and content. Haider presents an adaptation of not one but two source texts: one ‘global’ and one ‘local’. The result, this article argues, is astonishingly harmonious and the contested metaphors of adaptation theory and global Shakespeare studies, such as ‘appropriation’ or ‘indigenization’, apply less to it than that of a transcultural ‘contact zone’ (Pratt, Mary Louise. Imperial Eyes. Travel Writing and Transculturation, 2nd. ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2008) and of a ‘crossmapping’ (Bronfen, Elisabeth. Crossmappings. On Visual Culture. London and New York: I.B. Tauris, 2018). By placing greater emphasis on communality and having the ending turn from revenge to forgiveness, Haider interrogates the transcultural appeal of Hamlet, drawing attention to histories of violent conflict. It also reveals a revisionist agenda that captures both hidden political realities and a haunting refiguration of Shakespeare.
Stability Indicating Method for Polysorbate 80 in Protein Formulations
Authors: Webster Gregory K , Chang Jean C , Heflin Julie L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Polysorbates (also known as “Tween”) are common components of protein formulations used to minimize protein adsorption and stabilize the protein. These nonionic surfactants are heterogenous mixtures of fatty acids with a complex reversed-phase profile due to the inhomogeneity of the polymers present. Polysorbates can be oxidized, which can be hard to detect in the complex polymer profile. Further adding to the analytical challenge is the lack of a chromophore for the detection of these polymers.
The routine analysis of polysorbates in protein formulations was greatly improved through the introduction of online solid-phase extraction (SPE) to simplify the polysorbate profile for quantification. However, this method combines many of the polysorbate polymers into a single peak for detection, thus limiting its effectiveness for detecting degradation. To address the need for a stability indicating method without the complexity of the reversed-phase profile, an optimized online SPE method was developed and investigated. Using polysorbate 80, this investigation shows that further expanding the step gradient can yield a profile that is stability indicating and available for routine testing of protein formulation.
Shifts in sensitivity of amphibian metamorphosis to endocrine disruption: the common frog (Rana temporaria) as a case study
Authors: Ruthsatz Katharina , Dausmann Kathrin H , Paesler Katharina , Babos Patricia , Sabatino Nikita M , Peck Myron A , Glos Julian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEffective conservation actions require knowledge on the sensitivity of species to pollution and other anthropogenic stressors. Many of these stressors are endocrine disruptors (EDs) that can impair the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis and thus alter thyroid hormone (TH) levels with physiological consequences to wildlife. Due to their specific habitat requirements, amphibians are often sentinels of environmental degradation. We investigated how altered TH levels affected the bioenergetics of growth and development (i.e. age, size, metabolism, cardiac function and energy stores) before, during and after metamorphosis in the European common frog (Rana temporaria). We also determined how ontogenetic stage affected susceptibility to endocrine disruption and estimated juvenile performance. TH levels significantly affected growth and energetics at all developmental stages. Tadpoles and froglets exposed to high TH levels were significantly younger, smaller and lighter at all stages compared to those in control and low TH groups, indicating increased developmental and reduced growth rates. Across all ontogenetic stages tested, physiological consequences were rapidly observed after exposure to EDs. High TH increased heart rate by an average of 86% and reduced energy stores (fat content) by 33% compared to controls. Effects of exposure were smallest after the completion of metamorphosis. Our results demonstrate that both morphological and physiological traits of the European common frog are strongly impacted by endocrine disruption and that ontogenetic stage modulates the sensitivity of this species to endocrine disruption. Since endocrine disruption during metamorphosis can impair the physiological stress response in later life stages, long-term studies examining carry-over effects will be an important contribution to the conservation physiology of amphibians.
Phylogeny and diversity of alkane-degrading enzyme gene variants in the laurentian great lakes and western atlantic
Authors: Christian William C , Butler Timothy M , Ghannam Ryan B , Webb Paige N , Techtmann Stephen M 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTMany aquatic environments are at risk for oil contamination and alkanes are one of the primary constituents of oil. The alkane hydroxylase (AlkB) is a common enzyme used by microorganisms to initiate the process of alkane-degradation. While many aspects of alkane bioremediation have been studied, the diversity and evolution of genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation from environmental settings is relatively understudied. The majority of work done to-date has focused on the marine environment. Here we sought to better understand the phylogenetic diversity of alkB genes across marine and freshwater settings using culture-independent methods. We hypothesized that there would be distinct phylogenetic diversity of alkB genes in freshwater relative to the marine environment. Our results confirm that alkB has distinct variants based on environment while our diversity analyses demonstrate that freshwater and marine alkB communities have unique responses to oil amendments. Our results also demonstrate that in the marine environment, depth is a key factor impacting diversity of alkB genes.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Association With Vitamin D Levels and Endoscopic Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shirwaikar Thomas Anusha , Criss Zachary K , Shroyer Noah F , Abraham Bincy P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) comprise a heterogenous group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders that are multifactorial in etiology. Experimental in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that intestinal vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling plays a role in modulating the immune response in IBD as a cause and/or a consequence of chronic inflammation.

Aim
The aim of this study is to study the associations between vitamin D receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), vitamin D levels, and endoscopic disease activity in IBD.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional analysis of IBD patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation at a tertiary care hospital. Demographic variables, IBD disease type and location, medical therapies, vitamin D levels, and endoscopic disease activity were collected. Colonic biopsies obtained were investigated for the presence of VDR SNPs: ApaI, TaqI, BsmI, FokI, and Tru9I.

Results
Patients in endoscopic remission had higher vitamin D levels compared with those with inflammation found on endoscopy (P = &lt;0.001). Patients with lower vitamin D levels were homozygous for Fok ancestral alleles (P = 0.0045). With regard to endoscopic disease activity, we found no differences in mutations of any of the VDR SNPs in our sample.

Conclusions
The association between the presence of the ancestral FokI and lower vitamin D levels suggests a multifactorial etiology for vitamin D deficiency in IBD. Higher vitamin D levels in those in endoscopic remission compared with lower levels in those with active inflammation suggests that the impact of VDR gene SNP on disease activity may be overcome with replacement therapy.
Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases of Colorado, Including New State Records forArgas radiatus(Ixodida: Argasidae) andIxodes brunneus(Ixodida: Ixodidae)
Authors: Hutcheson H Joel , Mertins James W , Kondratieff Boris C , White Monica M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report 28 species of ticks (Acari: Ixodida) from Colorado (CO). We include the soft ticks (Argasidae) Argas (Argas) cooleyi Kohls and Hoogstraal, Argas (Persicargas) radiatus Railliet, Carios (Alectorobius) concanensis (Cooley and Kohls), Carios (Alectorobius) kelleyi (Cooley and Kohls), Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) hermsi Wheeler et al., Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) parkeri Cooley, Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) turicata (Dugès), Otobius (Otobius) lagophilus Cooley and Kohls, and Otobius (Otobius) megnini (Dugès). We include the metastriate hard ticks (Ixodidae) Dermacentor (Americentor) albipictus (Packard), Dermacentor (Dermacentor) andersoni Stiles, Dermacentor (Dermacentor) parumapertus Neumann, Dermacentor (Dermacentor) variabilis (Say), Haemaphysalis (Aboimisalis) chordeilis (Packard), Haemaphysalis (Gonixodes) leporispalustris (Packard), and Rhipicephalus (Rhipicephalus) sanguineus Latreille. Prostriate hard ticks include Ixodes (Ixodiopsis) angustus Neumann, Ixodes (Phoeloioxdes) baergi Cooley and Kohls, Ixodes (Trichotoixodes) brunneus Koch, Ixodes (Scaphixodes) howelli Cooley and Kohls, Ixodes (Phoeloioxdes) kingi Bishopp, Ixodes (Phoeloioxdes) marmotae Cooley and Kohls, Ixodes (Ixodiopsis) ochotonae Gregson, Ixodes (Phoeloioxdes) sculptus Neumann, Ixodes (Ixodiopsis) soricis Gregson, Ixodes (Ixodes) spinipalpis Hadwen and Nuttall, Ixodes (Phoeloioxdes) texanus Banks, and Ixodes (Ixodiopsis) woodi Bishopp. Argas radiatus and Ixodes brunneus represent new state records. Review of collection reports revealed that inclusion of Ixodes (Multidentatus) auritulus (Neumann), Ixodes (Phoeloioxdes) cookei Packard, Ixodes (Phoeloioxdes) marxi Banks, and Ixodes (Ixodes) pacificus Cooley and Kohls is dubious or unconfirmed and, conversely, that C. concanensis and H. chordeilis have distributions that include CO. We list an additional five species occasionally detected and 13 exotic species intercepted in CO. Tick-host associations, geographical distributions, and medical/veterinary importance are included.
Similarity in fine-to-total root mass ratio leads to comparative plant–soil feedbacks between co-occurring native and invasive plants
Authors: Tang Xuefei , Wei Chunqiang , Gao Lunlun , Jia Bingbing , Lu Xinmin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsSoil biota can affect plant–plant interactions and non-native plant invasions via plant–soil feedback (PSF). Understanding the drivers underlying interspecific variations in PSF is important for predicting the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions. Recent studies found that PSF could be predicted by plant traits. The success of plant invasions is also linked with plant traits, suggesting a potential linkage between PSF and plant invasion via plant traits, but has not yet been tested. Here, we compared PSF between six phylogenetically paired co-occurring native and invasive plants, and explored the potential linkage between PSF with plant root traits.MethodsWe conducted a two-phase PSF experiment. Field collected soils were conditioned by the six plant species for 3 months firstly, then seedlings of these plants were grown in living or sterilized soils that had been conditioned by conspecific vs. heterospecific (the congener/confamilial species) individuals. We estimated effects of biota in conspecific (conspecific PSF) or heterospecific (heterospecific PSF) soils relative to sterilized soils, and the relative effects of biota in conspecific vs. heterospecific soils (PSF-away) on plant biomass.Important FindingsIn general, soil biota suppressed plant growth, and there were no differences in conspecific PSF, heterospecific PSF and PSF-away between native and invasive plants. PSF increased with rising plant fine-to-total root mass ratio in the presence of soil biota, and its value was comparable between native and invasive plants. Our results indicate that similarity in plant fine-to-total root mass ratio that predicted PSF may have partially led to the comparable PSFs between these native and invasive plants. Studies exploring the linkages among plant traits, PSF and plant invasions with more plants, in particular phylogenetically distant plants, are needed to improve our understanding of the role of soil biota in plant invasions.
Effects of defoliation timing on plant nutrient resorption and hay production in a semi-arid steppe
Authors: Zhang Tongrui , Li Frank Yonghong , Wang Hao , Wu Lin , Shi Chunjun , Li Yanlong , Hu Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Nutrient resorption is a key plant nutrient conservation strategy, and its response to environmental and management changes is linked to nutrient cycling and production of ecosystems. Defoliation is a major pathway of mowing affecting plant nutrient resorption and production in grasslands, while the effect of defoliation timing has not been unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of defoliation timing on plant nutrient resorption and production in a steppe ecosystem.

Methods
We conducted a field experiment in a semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia including four treatments: early defoliation, peak defoliation, late defoliation and non-defoliation. We measured plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption at species and community levels, and quantified plant N and P fluxes in resorption, litter return and hay output. Plant production in the mowing system was assessed by hay production and quality.

Important Findings
Peak and late defoliation, but not early defoliation, reduced plant community N and P resorption proficiency; and late defoliation reduced N resorption efficiency but not P resorption efficiency. Peak and late defoliation, but not early defoliation, reduced plant nutrient resorption flux and litter nutrient return flux. Defoliation timing did not alter root nutrient accumulation as nutrient uptake from soil likely compensated the deficit of nutrient resorption. Peak defoliation had the highest hay production and quality, while early defoliation had the lowest. Our results provide new insights into the nutrient cycling in mowing grassland, and imply that the mowing timing can be used as a tool to mediate the balance between conservation and production of steppes, and the early mowing before plant peak biomass period is recommended for conservation of the steppes while keeping sustainable pastoral production.
Tension pneumoperitoneum following upper endoscopy
Authors: Denkler Catherine , Sterbling Helene M , Seoudi Hani 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Perforation of the digestive tract is a rare complication of endoscopy. Massive accumulation of air within the peritoneum resulting in the abdominal compartment syndrome is much less common with &lt;20 cases reported. In this report we present a case of jejunal perforation during an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that resulted in tension physiology with mesenteric ischemia, severe acidosis, renal failure, coagulopathy and massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The patient had a sudden onset of shock as soon as her abdomen was decompressed, indicating that she possibly developed a reperfusion injury. She did not respond to resuscitative efforts and ultimately died.
‘The Faithful Remnant of the True Church of England’: Susanna Hopton and the Politico-Theology of the Nonjuring Schism
Authors: Lewis Simon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Susanna Hopton (1627–1709) is best known for her devotional literature, and her association with the Anglican clergyman and poet, Thomas Traherne (1636–74). Significantly less scholarly attention, however, has been devoted to her role and influence as a Nonjuring theologian. By analysing some neglected letters and publications, this paper not only illuminates Hopton’s independence as a theological controversialist but also explores her role as an evangelist for the Nonjuring cause. Fresh evidence is advanced to elucidate the ways in which Hopton’s theological trajectory differed from those of Nonjuring divines. Furthermore, by exploring Hopton’s friendship with the prominent Nonjuring divine, George Hickes (1642–1715), this paper enhances our knowledge of clerical perceptions of women theologians during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
The distribution of petroleum resources in Malaysia: unpacking federalism
Authors: Zulhafiz Wan Zahari Wan M , Shuaib Farid Sufian bin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article examines the concept of federalism in the oil and gas industry in Malaysia. The petroleum industry is one of the 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEAs) to enhance national growth under Malaysia’s Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). Due to its economic significance, the petroleum industry was given priority by the Government of Malaysia. The development of the oil and gas industry in Malaysia can be divided into two stages, ie the period before 1974 and after 1974. Prior to 1974, the ownership of hydrocarbon resources was placed under the jurisdiction of the respective 13 states forming part of Malaysia. In 1974, the Petroleum Development Act (PDA) was passed by the Parliament of Malaysia. Pursuant to the PDA, a national oil company has been established in the form of a public listed company which is called Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas). The national oil company was granted the entire ownership and the exclusive rights, powers, liberties and privileges of exploring, winning and obtaining petroleum onshore and offshore Malaysia. Each state permanently conferred its ownership, rights, powers, liberties and privileges in the petroleum by executing the vesting instrument specified in the PDA. This article examines the rights of ownership of the Federation and the various states of Malaysia with regards to the hydrocarbon resources at the time of the formation of the Federation of Malaysia, and the gradual changes in the ownership of the hydrocarbon resources from the states to the absolute ownership of the Federal government in 1974. Furthermore, this article examines the legislation regulating petroleum resources and the role of the states and federation in the upstream oil and gas industry prior to 1974 and after the enactment of the PDA.