bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A density functional theory study of the reaction mechanism of formation of phenolphthalein and fluorescein
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Tsuchida Noriko , Yamazaki Shoko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out for reactions forming (A) phenolphthalein and (B) fluorescein. M06‐2X/6‐311G** and M06‐2X/6‐311++G(2d,p) with SCRF=PCM were applied to the search for elementary processes. Reactant models are (A) phthalic anhydride + (phenol)2 + H2SO4 and (B) phthalic anhydride + (resorcinol)2 + H2SO4, respectively. For (A), the acid catalyzed ortho and para phenol additions to phthalic anhydride were compared. While the ortho addition is more favorable than the para one, the ortho adduct involves the strong O2(HO)S–O−....H–O hydrogen bond and the reaction progress was blocked. In the para route, five elementary processes were obtained to arrive at the product, phenolphthalein. For (B), there are two reaction channels from the phenolphthalein‐like intermediate. The first channel is the direct H2O elimination to the lactoid tautomer of fluorescein. This channel has the significantly large activation energy and is unlikely. The second one includes three intermediates with the open form of the γ‐butyrolactone ring. Nine elementary processes were obtained for the fluorescein formation. A carbocation intermediate was found to be the key one for affording three tautomers (quinoid, zwitterionic, and lactoid) of fluorescein.
Substituted ketenes offer exceptional carbon bases in gas phase: Computational study by density functional theory method
Authors: Golpayegani Fariba , Mirjafary Zohreh , Saeidian Hamid , Mokhtari Javad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present study, ketene derivatives with cyclopropene and methylenecyclopropene substituents have been investigated by B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory to evaluate their suitability as powerful carbon superbases. The protonation at C (sp) site provides new neutral organic bases with proton affinities (PAs) = 879–1,218 kJ/mol, in which some are more basic than 1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)‐naphthalene, whose gas‐phase PA of 1,028 kJ/mol is considered the threshold of superbasicity. The PAs of designed ketenes were amplified by substitution of electron‐releasing groups such as methyl and dimethylamino on the molecular framework. Two indices of aromaticity, nucleus‐independent chemical shift and harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity, were also used for elucidation of ketene basicity, which reveals that a cyclopropene ring on the proposed ketene derivatives becomes aromatic upon protonation.
Love in motion: Migration patterns of internationally mobile couples
Authors: Erlinghagen Marcel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of the migration pattern of internationally mobile couples using data from the first wave of the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS). GERPS provides information on more than 5,000 couples from which at least one spouse has recently emigrated from Germany or has recently remigrated to Germany. The analyses are theoretically framed by the so‐called trailing wife hypothesis that suggests a clear, gender‐related migration pattern following traditional gender roles. Because most research deals with internal migration, we extend understanding of these topics by investigating international migration. The results of multinomial logistic regressions provide clear evidence for the trailing wife hypothesis but only with regard to couples' timing of emigration. In contrast, women have a higher propensity to become the leading spouse when it comes to remigration. These results contribute to the ongoing debate about tied movers and family‐related inequalities in migration.
Active factor investing: Hedge funds versus the rest of us
Authors: Duanmu Jun , Li Yongjia , Malakhov Alexey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examine whether the success of hedge fund market timing strategies can be replicated. We develop a methodology for creating a portfolio of ETFs to capture risk factor exposures of market timing hedge funds identified using extant market timing measures. We find that the top market timing hedge funds outperform their ETF clone peers and the superior performance cannot be replicated. We show that the irreplicable market timing skills are more profound in certain hedge fund styles. Finally, we provide evidence that the success of market timing strategies is driven by non‐cloneable hedge funds that possess managerial skills.
Observer‐based sliding mode control for state‐saturated systems under weighted try‐once‐discard protocol
Authors: Song Jun , Wang Zidong , Niu Yugang , Hu Jun 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this article, the sliding mode control (SMC) problem is investigated for a class of networked state‐saturated systems. In the underlying system, the system states are saturated and unmeasured, and the communication along the sensor‐to‐controller channel is regulated by the weighted try‐once‐discard protocol under which only one sensor node is permitted to transmit data at each instant. The key issue of the addressed problem is how to design both the state observer and the observer‐based sliding mode controller in the presence of protocol scheduling and state saturation. A token‐dependent state‐saturated observer is first constructed, and a desired SMC law is then designed with aid of the updating rule for the actually received measurement. Sufficient conditions are established to guarantee both the asymptotic stability of the SMC system and the reachability of the specified sliding surface. The algorithm for acquiring the desired controller gain matrices is proposed in terms of a convex optimization problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed observer‐based SMC design scheme is verified by a simulation example.
Space and time‐resolved monitoring of phosphorus release from a fertilizer pellet and its mobility in soil using microdialysis and X‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Petroselli Chiara , Williams Katherine A. , Ghosh Arpan , McKay Fletcher Daniel , Ruiz Siul A. , Gerheim Souza Dias Tiago , Scotson Callum P. , Roose Tiina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhosphorus is an essential nutrient for crops. Precise spatiotemporal application of P fertilizer can improve plant P acquisition and reduce run‐off losses of P. Optimizing application would benefit from understanding the dynamics of P release from a fertilizer pellet into bulk soil, which requires space‐ and time‐resolved measurements of P concentration in soil solutions. In this study, we combined microdialysis and X‐ray computed tomography to investigate P transport in soil. Microdialysis probes enabled repeated solute sampling from one location with minimal physical disturbance, and their small dimensions permitted spatially resolved monitoring. We observed a rapid initial release of P from the source, producing high dissolved P concentrations within the first 24 h, followed by a decrease in dissolved P over time compatible with adsorption onto soil particles. Soils with greater bulk density (i.e., reduced soil porosity) impeded the P pulse movement, which resulted in a less homogeneous distribution of total P in the soil column at the end of the experiment. The model fit to the data showed that the observed phenomena can be explained by diffusion and adsorption. The results showed that compared with conventional measurement techniques (e.g., suction cups), microdialysis measurements present a less invasive alternative. The time‐resolved measurements ultimately highlighted rapid P dynamics that require more attention for improving P use efficiency.
47‐1: The World Smallest OLED Microdisplay Projection Device Design Methodology
Authors: Itonaga Kazuichiro , Sudo Shoji , Nishikawa Jun , Kimura Kei , Uchiyama Hiroki , Yagi Masato , Sawano Ryosuke , Matsuyama Takatoshi , Sasaki Kouji , Itatsu Kentaro , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Nomura Yoshiyuki , Sato Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2020

We developed the world smallest OLED microdisplay projection device. This device consists of just 2 parts which a high‐brightness Microdisplay based Organic Light Emitting diodes on a silicon backplane panel (M‐OLED) ( 1,000,000 [cd/m2] ) and an optimal lens (F/1.1) for the self‐emitting projection device.This high‐ brightness M‐OLED is used 2 key technologies.The first is a supplying the photoexitation potential to multiple emitting layers in OLED using by the new pixel transistor (Tr.) that can withstand very high voltage in 7.8 pm pixel. The second is the controlling light divergence angle from each self‐emitting pixel that made using micro optical resonance effect from cathode until anode electrode in OLED and the optimized micro lens (ML) for each pixel.Next, we evaluated the relationship between the light divergence angle from M‐OLED and F number (Fno.) of the projection lens and we found parameters and a specific method for controlling the light efficiency of the self‐emitting projection device.Based on the results of these fundamental studies, we established a design methodology for the self‐emitting projection device with high efficiency, and we realized the world smallest self‐emitting projection device (W 10 /D 11 /H 6 (mm)).
83‐3: TE‐Type AMOLED Display with Wide Viewing Angle and Ultra‐Low Reflectance
Authors: Abe Kaoru , Taguchi Tokio , Zhang Bai , Yamane Yu , Yasukawa Kohji , Kawato Shinichi , Mitsui Seiichi 
Published: September 2020

AMOLED displays with highly viewing angle and ultra‐low reflectance have been developed.Using light diffusion film and Moth‐eye technology, which indicates.
85‐4: Enhancing Ambient Viewing Performance of Anisotropic Nano‐Structure Light Control Film
Authors: Wu Lung-Hai , Lee Kuang Tsin , Chuang Min Chao , Wu Pei-Hsun , Liu Pei-Yi 
Published: September 2020

In 2019, we proposed the Anisotropic Nano‐Structure Light Control Film (ANSLCF). Through the combination of Nano‐Structure Thin film and anisotropic molecular, light with different polarization exhibits in different way, polarized diffused and polarized transparent. With such optical properties, ANSLCF could be applied to enhance the visibility of transparent display, picture quality of high resolution display and ultra‐slim design.Based on above, this year, we proposed ANSLCF integrated with polarizing function element. With the additional polarizing function, the new ANSLCF could further improve the sunlight visibility , wide‐viewing angle image, and better transparency. At the same time, traditional hot‐spot and second projection image from the projector could be suppressed.
Coronaviruses in farm animals: Epidemiology and public health implications
Authors: Khamassi Khbou Médiha , Daaloul Jedidi Monia , Bouaicha Zaafouri Faten , Benzarti M’hammed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) are documented in a wide range of animal species, including terrestrial and aquatic, domestic and wild. The geographic distribution of animal CoVs is worldwide and prevalences were reported in several countries across the five continents. The viruses are known to cause mainly gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases with different severity levels. In certain cases, CoV infections are responsible of huge economic losses associated or not to highly public health impact. Despite being enveloped, CoVs are relatively resistant pathogens in the environment. Coronaviruses are characterized by a high mutation and recombination rate, which makes host jumping and cross‐species transmission easy. In fact, increasing contact between different animal species fosters cross‐species transmission, while agriculture intensification, animal trade and herd management are key drivers at the human‐animal interface. If contacts with wild animals are still limited, humans have much more contact with farm animals, during breeding, transport, slaughter and food process, making CoVs a persistent threat to both humans and animals. A global network should be established for the surveillance and monitoring of animal CoVs.
Triangulating Neanderthal cognition: A tale of not seeing the forest for the trees
Authors: Breyl Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe inference of Neanderthal cognition, including their cultural and linguistic capabilities, has persisted as a fiercely debated research topic for decades. This lack of consensus is substantially based on inherent uncertainties in reconstructing prehistory out of indirect evidence as well as other methodological limitations. Further factors include systemic difficulties within interdisciplinary discourse, data artifacts, historic research biases, and the sheer scope of the relevant research. Given the degrees of freedom in interpretation ensuing from these complications, any attempt to find approximate answers to the yet unsettled pertinent discourse may not rest on single studies, but instead a careful and comprehensive interdisciplinary synthesis of findings. Triangulating Neanderthals' cognition by considering the plethora of data, diverse perspectives and aforementioned complexities present within the literature constitutes the currently most reliable pathway to tentative conclusions. While some uncertainties remain, such an approach paints the picture of an extensive shared humanity between anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Linguistics > Evolution of Language
Two-loop beta function for complex scalar electroweak multiplets
Authors: Brod Joachim , Polonsky Zachary 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present the general form of the renormalizable four-point interactions of a complex scalar field furnishing an irreducible representation of SU(2), and derive a set of algebraic identities that facilitates the calculation of higher-order radiative corrections. As an application, we calculate the two-loop beta function for the SM extended by a scalar multiplet, and provide the result explicitly in terms of the group invariants. Our results include the evolution of the Higgs-portal couplings, as well as scalar “minimal dark matter”. We present numerical results for the two-loop evolution of the various couplings.
The influence of arm composition on the self-assembly of low-functionality telechelic star polymers in dilute solutions
Authors: Moghimi Esmaeel , Chubak Iurii , Founta Dimitra , Ntetsikas Konstantinos , Polymeropoulos George , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Likos Christos N. , Vlassopoulos Dimitris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe combine synthesis, physical experiments, and computer simulations to investigate self-assembly patterns of low-functionality telechelic star polymers (TSPs) in dilute solutions. In particular, in this work, we focus on the effect of the arm composition and length on the static and dynamic properties of TSPs, whose terminal blocks are subject to worsening solvent quality upon reducing the temperature. We find two populations, single stars and clusters, that emerge upon worsening the solvent quality of the outer block. For both types of populations, their spatial extent decreases with temperature, with the specific details (such as temperature at which the minimal size is reached) depending on the coupling between inter- and intra-molecular associations as well as their strength. The experimental results are in very good qualitative agreement with coarse-grained simulations, which offer insights into the mechanism of thermoresponsive behavior of this class of materials.
A Unifying Representer Theorem for Inverse Problems and Machine Learning
Authors: Unser Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRegularization addresses the ill-posedness of the training problem in machine learning or the reconstruction of a signal from a limited number of measurements. The method is applicable whenever the problem is formulated as an optimization task. The standard strategy consists in augmenting the original cost functional by an energy that penalizes solutions with undesirable behavior. The effect of regularization is very well understood when the penalty involves a Hilbertian norm. Another popular configuration is the use of an$$\ell _1$$ℓ1-norm (or some variant thereof) that favors sparse solutions. In this paper, we propose a higher-level formulation of regularization within the context of Banach spaces. We present a general representer theorem that characterizes the solutions of a remarkably broad class of optimization problems. We then use our theorem to retrieve a number of known results in the literature such as the celebrated representer theorem of machine leaning for RKHS, Tikhonov regularization, representer theorems for sparsity promoting functionals, the recovery of spikes, as well as a few new ones.
Geological and Geotechnical Characteristics of London Clay from the Isle of Sheppey
Authors: Bagheri Meghdad , Rezania Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper describes a series of experimental testing on natural stiff London clay samples retrieved from the New Hook Farm in the Isle of Sheppey, UK. The experimental program includes determination of macroscopic and microscopic properties, chemical compositions, Atterberg limits, permeability, and compressibility parameters in both intact and reconstituted states. The paper integrates the earlier studies, the new findings, and the commercial investigation results with the aim to extend the current knowledge of the geological and geotechnical characteristics of this stiff clay from the east of the London basin. Some comparisons are also made with shallow depth London clay from Heathrow Terminal 5 site.
The Present Shock and Time Re-appropriation in the Pandemic Era
Authors: Levrini Olivia , Fantini Paola , Barelli Eleonora , Branchetti Laura , Satanassi Sara , Tasquier Giulia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic led most people all over the world to deal with a change in their perception and organization of time. This happened also, and mainly, within the educational institutions, where students and teachers had to rearrange their teaching/learning dynamics because of the forced education at a distance. In this paper, we present an exploratory qualitative study with secondary school students aimed to investigate how they were experiencing their learning during lockdown and how, in particular, learning of science contributed to rearranging their daily lifetime rituals. In order to design and carry out our investigation, we borrowed constructs coming from a research field rather unusual for science education: the field of sociology of time. The main result concerns the discovery of the potential of the dichotomy between alienation from time and time re-appropriation. The former is a construct elaborated by the sociologist Hartmut Rosa to describe the society of acceleration in the “era of future shock”. The latter represents an elaboration of the construct of appropriation that the authors had operationally defined, starting from Bakhtin’s original idea, to describe the nexus between physics learning and identity. Thanks to the elaboration of the notion of time re-appropriation as feature of the “era of present shock”, the study unveils how school science, instead of preparing the young to navigate our fast-changing and complex society, tends to create “bubbles of rituals” that detach learning from societal concern.
Mature school cultures and new leadership practices—An analysis of leadership for learning in German comprehensive schools
Authors: Klein Esther Dominique , Bronnert-Härle Hanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn international school improvement research, a long-standing theme is that school improvement is shaped to a great extent by principals and theirleadership for learning. In contrast to that, this role is comparatively new in German-speaking countries. Since the leadership practices associated with this new role differ from old role expectations, it is reasonable to assume that “mature” school cultures might prevent principals from adopting these practices. In this paper, we examine the difference in leadership practice between principals of “mature” and “young” culture schools in socially disadvantaged areas using a standardized teacher survey. The results suggest that while schools with a mature school culture founded during the old principal role were less likely to have such leadership practices that are more proximal to teachers’ instruction and pedagogical practice, this result could largely be explained by other characteristics of the school culture and professional community.
The Influence of Refugee Students’ Personal Characteristics on Study Success in Online Education
Authors: Reinhardt F. , Deribo T. , Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia O. , Happ R. , Nell-Müller S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is little research on the study success factors of refugee students in higher education. One approach to meeting the growing global demands is to provide online education specifically for refugees. This study examines specific personal characteristics of refugee students and their influence on success and retention in online education. Individual factors such as intrinsic motivation and language proficiency, cognitive functioning, and sociodemographic factors such as gender and country of residence influence retention of refugee students during online studies. The results indicate that sociodemographic factors (e.g., gender), cognitive factors (e.g., English proficiency), and external factors (e.g., country of residence) have a significant influence on study retention on refugee students.
An Integrated Framework for Child Poverty and Well-Being Measurement: Reconciling Theories
Authors: Biggeri Mario , Cuesta Jose Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultidimensional child poverty (MDCP) and well-being measures are increasingly developed in the literature. Much more effort has gone to highlight the differences across measurement approaches than to stress the multiple conceptual and practical similarities across measures. We propose a new framework, the Integrated Framework for Child Poverty—IFCP––that combines three main conceptual approaches, the Capability Approach, Human Rights, and Basic Needs into an integrated bio-ecological framework. This integrated approach aims to bring more clarity about the concept and dynamics of multidimensional poverty and well-being and to disentangle causes from effects, outcomes from opportunities, dynamic from static elements, and observed from assumed behaviours. Moreover, the IFCP explains the MDCP dynamics that link the resources (goods and services), to child capabilities (opportunities) and achieved functionings (outcomes), and describes how these are mediated by the individual, social and environmental conversion factors as specified in the capability approach. Access to safe water is taken as a conceptual illustrative case, while the extended measurement of child poverty and well-being among Egyptian children ages 0 to 5 as an empirical example using IFCP. The proposed framework marks a step forward in understanding child poverty and well-being multidimensional linkages and suggesting desirable features and data requirements of MDCP and well-being measures.