bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term changes in phytoplankton and macrophyte communities in an eutrophic shallow reservoir and prospects for its restoration
Authors: Rusanov Alexander , Trifonova Irina , Ignatyeva Natalia , Pavlova Oksana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Long-term changes in hydrochemistry and community structure of phytoplankton and macrophytes were analyzed in the Sestroretskiy Razliv reservoir (northwestern Russia). The average content of total phosphorus (TP) in May–October increased from 73 μg P l−1 in 1980 to 163 μg P l−1 in 2000. A significant increase in average chlorophyll a content from 16.6 μg l−1 in 1980 to 84.7 μg l−1 in 2000 and a shift in phytoplankton composition to the dominance of cyanobacteria over diatoms indicated a change in the trophic status of the reservoir from meso-eutrophic to hypertrophic. In 2016 and 2018, average TP was 96 and 101 μg P l−1, respectively. The average content of chlorophyll a was 43.6 μg l−1 in 2016 and 66.6 μg l−1 in warmer 2018, indicating persistent eutrophic conditions. Diatoms dominated both in 2016 and 2018, especially in 2016 characterized by unfavorable weather conditions. Cyanobacteria were more abundant in 2018 with higher summer temperatures. The decline of the total area covered by aquatic vegetation from 157 ha in 1980 to 76 ha in 2016 likely resulted from an increase in phytoplankton biomass and water turbidity. Based on the results of our observations, in addition to further reduction in nutrient loading, biomanipulation by introducing predatory fish as a restoration measure was proposed to improve the ecological status of the reservoir.
Spat efficiency in the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) in the surface and bottom water at Karantina Island
Authors: Yigitkurt Selcuk , Lök Aynur , Kirtik Ali , Acarli Sefa , Kurtay Evrim , Küçükdermenci Aysun , Durmaz Yaşar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the spat efficiency in the pearl oyster (Pinctada radiata, Leach, 1814) in surface and bottom water at Karantina Island (Izmir/Turkey). Polyethylene mesh bags were used as collectors. An annual average of 175.16 ± 11.32 spat m−2 was obtained from PSC (placed surface collectors) and 82.65 ±3.89 spat m−2 was obtained from PBC (placed bottom collectors). The largest number of new spat attachments occurred in August, both on PSC and PBC: 44 ± 3.46 and 26 ± 2.88 spats were found respectively in the outer and inner mesh bags of PSC, and 33 ±5.77 and 48 ± 6.92 spats were found respectively in the outer and inner mesh bags of PBC. New spat attachments (≥ 10 mm) continued throughout the study period, except April and May. Adult pearl oysters (≥ 50 mm) were found in May. There was a significant difference between PSC and PBC in the total number of spat attachments, the monthly spat attachments and the first spat attachments (p < 0.05). The total number of new spat attachments was positively correlated with temperature and chlorophyll a for both depths (p<0.05).
A Literature Survey on Defense Expenditures – External Debt Nexus
Authors: Pempetzoglou Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to survey the literature dealing with the relationship between defense expenditures and external debt. Especially, nowadays, amid the international financial crisis and the global security challenges, understanding the relationship between external debt and defense spending is prominent in designing the debt management policy in conjunction with defense policy. The empirical investigation has produced mixed results, which can be attributed to differences in data sets or time periods, variable selection, econometric methodologies used etc. However, most of the studies confirm the presence of a long-run relationship among military spending and external debt and consider military spending as a significant contributing factor to the stock of external debt.
Ethik des Ausnahmezustandes
Authors: Coors Michael 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Text werden die moralischen Gründe für den gegenwärtigen Ausnahmezustand in der COVID-19 Pandemie diskutiert, der auch die Möglichkeiten seelsorglicher Praxis erheblich einschränkt. Als zentraler Grund wird die Vermeidung eines Ausnahmezustandes in der intensivmedizinischen Versorgung identifiziert. In solch einer Situation konzentriert sich politische Macht ganz in den Händen der Regierung, die diese Macht benötigt, um die Bürgerinnen und Bürger durch schnelles und effektives Handeln zu schützen. Solche eine Machtkonzentration birgt aber für jede Demokratie eine erhebliche Gefahr und sollte daher nicht länger als unbedingt notwendig aufrechterhalten werden.
Hexaniobate anions connected by [Ni(cyclam)]2+ complexes yield two interpenetrating three-dimensional networks
Authors: Müscher-Polzin Philipp , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Syntheses were performed at room temperature using Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, cyclam (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and the precursors Li8[Nb6O19]· ≈22H2O or Na7[HNb6O19]·15H2O in a DMSO-H2O mixture. Yellow crystals of the new compound {[Ni(cyclam)]2H4Nb6O19}·12H2O could be obtained after one week applying the Li+ or Na+ salt as starting materials. The crystal structure is unique in polyoxoniobate (PONb) chemistry and displays two interpenetrating three-dimensional (3D) networks. The [Nb6O19]8– anion is expanded by four Ni2+ centered complexes via Ni–O bonds to terminal O2− anions of the hexaniobate anion. The 3D networks are generated by further Ni–O bond formation between neighboring [Nb6O19]8− anions. The remaining void space is occupied by H2O molecules which form a water cluster.
A tutorial translation of the description of the historically first polymer drug conjugate and its in vivo evaluation
Authors: Luxenhofer Robert 
Published: July 2020

Preamble
Polymer-drug conjugates have been intensively investigated for several decades, and even though their clinical success still lags behind the promise many researchers have placed in them, they are a mainstay in the fields of polymer therapeutics or nanomedicine. For many in the field, the seminal perspective paper by Helmut Ringsdorf from 1975 marks the beginning of this field of research. With more than one thousand citations, this paper has indubitably affected and inspired generations of researchers in the field, including the author of this translation. However, it is not the first paper describing the concept of polymer-drug conjugates. Some twenty years earlier, Horst Jatzkewitz described in two outstanding articles probably the historically first polymer-drug conjugates, detailed its synthesis, characterization and even first in vivo experiments. The results, carefully re-interpreted through the eyes of a scientist of the 21st century, clearly highlight several issues that need to be taken into consideration when designing polymer-drug conjugates. However, despite the pioneering nature of this paper, it is all but forgotten by the scientific community. In the author’s opinion, Horst Jatzkewitz and these papers clearly did not receive the attention and praise they deserve. Whether this was because these paper were much ahead of it´s time, or because it was published in German language, or for some other reason, we cannot know. However, these papers are, in my opinion, an excellent piece of work that should be known more widely and available to students and experts world-wide, which is why the author decided to translate it. Also, to give some more context and to help understand some outdated terms or concepts, additional comments and explanations are added throughout. I hope that this will help for these papers to receive the attention I believe they deserve.
Chemical composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species from Malaysia
Authors: Shakri Natasa Mohd , Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan , Khamis Shamsul , Mohamad Ali Nor Azah , Shaharudin Shazlyn Milleana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Polyalthia is one of the largest genera in the Annonaceae family, and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer, and generalized body pain. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species (P. sumatrana, P. stenopetalla, P. cauliflora, and P. rumphii) growing in Malaysia. The chemical composition of these essential oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The multivariate analysis was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) methods. The results revealed that the studied essential oils are made up principally of bicyclogermacrene (18.8%), cis-calamenene (14.6%) and β-elemene (11.9%) for P. sumatrana; α-cadinol (13.0%) and δ-cadinene (10.2%) for P. stenopetalla; δ-elemene (38.1%) and β-cubebene (33.1%) for P. cauliflora; and finally germacrene D (33.3%) and bicyclogermacrene for P. rumphii. PCA score and HCA plots revealed that the essential oils were classified into three separated clusters of P. cauliflora (Cluster I), P. sumatrana (Cluster II), and P. stenopetalla, and P. rumphii (Cluster III) based on their characteristic chemical compositions. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia essential oil.
Barrier to internal rotation, symmetry and carbonyl reactivity in methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate
Authors: Lengsfeld Kevin Gregor , Buschmann Philipp , Kats Pavel , Siekmann Dirk , Herbers Sven , Adam Obenchain Daniel , Genuit Stefanie , Höhne Cara Marie , Grabow Jens-Uwe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High-resolution rotational spectroscopy was used to investigate the conformational landscape of methyl-3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate, a small, partially-fluorinated molecule, which is of interest because of its chemical properties and reactivity in contrast to the unfluorinated species. Methyl 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate is also subject to two possible large amplitude motions of the methyl and trifluoromethyl group. However, only the methyl rotor gives rise to the tunneling splitting specific to individual conformers. In the rotational spectrum measured in the frequency region from 6 to 27 GHz, the identified conformers, s-cis and s-trans, were fitted to experimental accuracy, resulting in the accurate determination of the vibrational ground state rotational constants

A
0

=
2185.05827

36

MHz

${A}_{0}=2185.05827\left(36\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

,

B
0

=
1023.300

31

17

MHz

${B}_{0}=1023.30031\left(17\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

, and

C
0

=
803.520287

95

MHz

${C}_{0}=803.520287\left(95\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

for the s-cis conformer, and

A
0

=
2706.9024

(

49

)

MHz

${A}_{0}=2706.9024\left(49\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

,

B
0

=
864.889

539

(

81

)

MHz

${B}_{0}=864.889539\left(81\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

, and

C
0

=
746.532

896

(

71

)

MHz

${C}_{0}=746.532896\left(71\right)\text{\hspace{0.17em}MHz}$

for the s-trans conformer. Additionally the barrier heights of the methyl rotor

V
3

CH
3

=
363
.
116

94

cm

−
1

${V}_{3}\left({\text{CH}}_{3}\right)=363.116\left(94\right){\text{\hspace{0.17em}cm}}^{-1}$

and

V
3

(

CH

3

)

=
389.290

(

80

)

cm

−
1

${V}_{3}\left({\text{CH}}_{3}\right)=389.290\left(80\right){\text{\hspace{0.17em}cm}}^{-1}$

were obtained for the s-cis and s-trans conformer, respectively.
Epidemiological profile of pain and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug use in collegiate athletes in the United States
Authors: Christopher Shefali , Tadlock Bailey A , Veroneau Bryanna J , Harnish Christopher , Perera Nirmala KP , Knab Amy M , Vallabhajosula Srikant , Bullock Garrett Scott 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Although athletic endeavours are associated with a high amount of physical stress and injury, the prevalence of pain is underreported in the sports medicine literature with only a few studies reporting pain on collegiate athletes or exploring sex difference of pain. Impact of pain on athlete availability, training and performance can be mitigated when key epidemiological information is used to inform adequate pain management strategies.This study aims to 1) provide an epidemiological profile of self-reported pain experienced by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes by sex during the first half of the 2019 season, 2) describe their self-reported non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.

Methods

Online survey was completed by athletes at three NCAA institutions from 1 August to 30 September 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe player demographic data, self-reported pain and self-reported NSAID use. Pain incidence proportion were calculated.

Results

230 female athletes and 83 male athletes completed the survey. Self-reported pain incidence proportion for female athletes was 45.0 (95% CI 41.5-48.5) vs 34.9 (95% CI 29.4-40.4) for male athletes. Majority of the athletes did not report pain (55% female vs 62% male) during the first half of the 2019 season. Female athletes reported pain in their back (35%), knee (26%), and ankle/foot (23%) whilst male athletes reported pain in their knee (35%), back (28%), and shoulder (24%). Of all athletes, 28% female vs 20% male athletes reported currently taking NSAIDs. Of athletes that reported pain, 46% female vs 38% male athletes currently took NSAIDs. 70% female vs 61% male athletes self-purchased NSAIDs, and 40% female vs 55% male athletes consumed alcohol.

Conclusions

Half of female athletes and one in three male athletes reported pain. Most commonly back, knee and foot/ankle pain and knee, back and shoulder pain was reported in female and male athletes respectively. One in four female athletes and one in five male athletes use NSAIDs for pain or prophylactic purpose. Majority self-purchase these medications indicating need for health literacy interventions to mitigate potential adverse effects.
Predictors of adolescents’ use of sexual and reproductive health services in Nigeria: a mixed-method approach
Authors: Odo Amelia Ngozi , OFUEBE Justina Ifeoma , ANIKE Anthony Ifeanyi , Samuel Efiong S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Sexual and Reproductive health Services (SRHS) are essential for prevention and control of SRH problems among adolescents and the achievement of sustainable development goal 3. These services may be available but certain factors interfere with their access and utilization by the adolescents. This study sought to determine factors that predict adolescents’ utilization of SRHS in Enugu State, Nigeria. Methods The study adopted mixed method research employing cross-sectional research design. The population of the study comprised adolescents (12-22 years). Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 1,447 adolescents used for the study. Questionnaire, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion were used for data collection. Percentages, Chi-square, and logistic regression were used to analyse quantitative data, while qualitative data were thematically analysed using NVivo software.Results Socio-demographic factors of gender, age, education, income and living status (p = < .05) were significant predictors of utilization of SRHS. Psycho-cultural and health system factors (p = < .05) were also significant predictors of utilization of SRHS.Conclusion The study concluded that some socio-demographic factors (of gender, age, level of education, income and living status), psycho-cultural and health system factors can be used to predict adolescents’ utilization of SRHS. These predictors could be addressed through home sex education, regular training of health care providers on youth-friendly services delivery and policy reforms
Correlation between percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy and recurrence in stage I lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Haichao , Chen Rong , Zhao Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background To systematically evaluate the correlation between percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) and recurrence in stage I lung cancer.Methods The databases of PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine disc were retrieved to collect relevant literatures about the correlation between PTNB and recurrence in stage I lung cancer. The retrieval time was limited from the time of their database establishment to April 30/2020．Screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the quality of studies included. Then the meta-analysis was performed by using Stata l6.0 software.Results A total of 8 cohort studies involving 2760 lung cancer patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that PTNB did not increase the risk of total recurrence and pleural recurrence in the patients with stage I lung cancer．The result of subgroup analysis is according to the tumor location. For stage I lung cancer, PTNB will increase the risk of pleural recurrence in patients with sub-pleural lesions but not in those without sub-pleural lesions.Conclusions To stage I lung cancer, PTNB is not associated with the total recurrence and pleural recurrence but PTNB will increase the risk of pleural recurrence in patients with sub-pleural lesions.
UBA2 Activates Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway during Protection of R28 Retinal Precursor Cells from Hypoxia by Extracellular Vesicles derived from Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Koh Kyungmin , Park Mira , Bae Eun Soo , Duong Van-An , Park Jong-Moon , Lee Hookeun , Lew Helen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Stem cell transplantation has been proposed as an alternative treatment for intractable optic nerve disorders characterized by irrecoverable loss of cells. Mesenchymal stem cells, with varying tissue regeneration and recovery capabilities, are being considered for potential cell therapies. To overcome the limitations of cell therapy, we isolated exosomes from human placenta–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs), and investigated their therapeutic effects in R28 cells (retinal precursor cells) exposed to CoCl2. Method: After nine hours of exposure to CoCl2, the hypoxic damaged R28 cells were divided into non treatment group (CoCl2+R28 cells) and treatment group (CoCl2+R28 cells treated with exosome). Immunoblot analysis was performed for Hif-1α, Vegf, Thy-1, Gap43, Ermn, Neuroflament, Wnt3a, β-catenin, phospo-GSK3β, Lef-1, UBA2, Skp1, βTrcp, and ubiquitin. The proteomes of each group were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass (LC-MS/MS) spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected by label-free quantification and the interactions of the proteins were examined through signal transduction pathway and gene ontology analysis. Result: Treatment group presented the decreased expression of Hif-1α protein (P < 0.05) and increased expression of nerve regeneration–related factors such as Thy-1 and Neuroflament (P < 0.05) compared with non treatment group. In total, 200 DEPs were identified in non treatment group and treatment group (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). Catenin and ubiquitin systems (UBA2, UBE2E3, UBE2I) were found in both the DEP lists of downregulated proteins from non treatment group and upregulated proteins from treatment group. The mRNA expressions of ubiquitin systems were significantly decreased under hypoxic condition. Moreover, UBA2 and Wnt/β-catenin protein were associated with rescue of the hypoxic damaged R28 cells. Using a siRNA system, we could find it out that hPMSC exosoms could not repair altered expressions of target proteins by CoCl2 in lacking UBA2 R28 cells. Conclusion: This study reported that hypoxic damaged expression of regeneration markers in R28 cells were significantly recovered by hPMSC exosomes. We could also demonstrate that UBA2 played a key role in activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during protection of hypoxic damaged R28 cells, induced by hPMSC exosomes.
Patients with chronic migraine without history of medication overuse are characterized by a peculiar white matter fiber bundle profile
Authors: Coppola Gianluca , Renzo Antonio Di , Tinelli Emanuele , Petolicchio Barbara , Lorenzo Cherubino Di , Parisi Vincenzo , Serrao Mariano , Calistri Valentina , Tardioli Stefano , Cartocci Gaia , Caramia Francesca , Piero Vittorio Di , Pierelli Francesco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated intracerebral fiber bundles using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data to investigate microstructural integrity in patients with episodic (MO) and chronic migraine (CM).Methods: We performed DTI in 19 patients with MO within interictal periods, 18 patients with CM without any history of drug abuse, and 18 healthy controls (HCs) using a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We calculated diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), radial diffusion (RD), and mean diffusion (MD).Results: TBSS revealed no significant differences in the FA, MD, RD, and AD maps between the MO and HC groups. In comparison to the HC group, the CM group exhibited widespread increased RD (bilateral superior [SCR] and posterior corona radiata [PCR], bilateral genu of the corpus callosum [CC], bilateral posterior limb of internal capsule [IC], bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus [LF]) and MD values (tracts of the right SCR and PCR, right superior LF, and right splenium of the CC). In comparison to the MO group, the CM group showed decreased FA (bilateral SCR and PCR, bilateral body of CC, right superior LF, right forceps minor) and increased MD values (bilateral SCR and right PCR, right body of CC, right superior LF, right splenium of CC, and right posterior limb of IC). Conclusion: Our results suggest that chronic migraine can be associated with the widespread disruption of normal white matter integrity in the brain.