bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study Design of the Nationwide Japanese Lead Extraction (J‐LEX) Registry: Protocol for a Prospective, Multicenter, Open Registry
Authors: Shoda Morio , Kusano Kengo , Goya Masahiko , Nishii Nobuhiro , Imai Katsuhiko , Okamoto Yoji , Takegami Misa , Nakao Yoko M. , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Nogami Akihiko ,   the J‐LEX registry investigators
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous lead extractions (TLEs) in Japan have grown to become the standard therapy since the approval of the laser extraction system in 2008. However, little is known about the current indications, methods, success rate, and acute complications in the real‐world setting.MethodsThe Japanese Lead EXtraction (J‐LEX) registry is a nationwide, multicenter, observational registry, performed by the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society (JHRS) in collaboration with the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center. This study is a nationwide registry ordered by the JHRS and its data are collected prospectively using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) system. The acute success rate at discharge and complications associated with TLEs will be collected in all cases. Based on the provided information, the annual incidence and predictive factors for the outcomes will be investigated by the Event Assessment Committee (EAC). This registry started in July 2018 and the number of participating medical institutions will be more than 50 hospitals and the target number of procedures will be 500‐1000 per year. We will also compare the results with other registries in foreign countries.ResultThe results of this study are currently under investigation.ConclusionThe J‐LEX registry will provide real‐world data regarding the results and complications of TLEs for the various types of indications, methods, and performing hospitals in Japan.
Toward A Mechanistic Understanding of Re‐Infiltration in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with Surfactant‐Aided Gravity Drainage Process
Authors: Davoudi Behrouz M. , Assareh Mehdi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurfactant‐aided gravity drainage is an improved oil recovery technique for water‐invaded zone in fractured carbonate reservoirs, which are mostly oil‐wet or mixed‐wet rocks. The re‐infiltration mechanism in water‐invaded zone has a considerable effect on oil vertical movement in gravity drainage processes. In this work, a mechanistic understanding of re‐infiltration in surfactant‐aided gravity drainage, in comparison to oil–water gravity drainage is presented using an experimentally and numerically validated model. A column model is constructed from three matrix blocks. These blocks are separated from each other by horizontal fractures. A storage tank is considered on top of the model to store depleted oil from matrix blocks. The stacked‐blocks model for re‐infiltration is validated and verified to simulate water and chemical flooding using a mesh independency study and experimental flooding data in a composite core experiment. Using this model, several analyses are performed to investigate effects of rock and fluid properties, rock saturation functions, wettability alteration, surfactant adsorption, and capillary continuity on re‐infiltration.
De novo lipogenesis is elicited dramatically in human hepatocellular carcinoma especially in hepatitis C virus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Shaojian , Liu Ruonan , Pan Qinling , Wang Genshu , Cheng Daorou , Yang Jie , Chen Hui , Xu Geyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Abnormal de novo lipogenesis is reported to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. In current study, de novo lipogenesis and its association with patient survival rate were investigated in human HCC samples induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or nonviral factors. Hepatic mRNA and protein levels of lipogenic transcription factors and lipid synthesis enzymes were examined by realtime‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and western blot. Association of gene expression and patient survival was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Lipogenic pathway regulators such as AKT2, SREBP1c, PPARγ, and lipogenic enzymes such as ACC and FAS were increased in human HCC when compared with control livers. Notably, a more robust increase in de novo lipogenesis was observed in HCV‐HCC when compared to HBV‐HCC and nonviral HCC. High FAS and ACC expression correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in HCV‐HCC. High expression of lipogenesis gene panel significantly correlated with poor OS in HCV‐HCC, but not in HBV‐HCC or nonviral HCC. In sum, de novo lipogenesis is stimulated dramatically in human HCC especially in HCV‐HCC.
From tigers to axolotls: Why people keep exotic pets in Russia
Authors: Shukhova Sofiya , MacMillan Douglas C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The exotic pet trade, both legal and illegal, ‬plays a crucial role in wildlife overharvesting and biodiversity loss world‐wide, but drivers of demand for exotic pets are still poorly understood and under‐studied. Some geographical areas, including the post‐Soviet states, have little or no relevant research.

We conducted open‐ended in‐depth interviews with 27 exotic pet owners in Russia. The research involved participants who collectively owned over 90 pet animals, including endangered and critically endangered species.

The interviewees were classified into four main categories according to their motivations and reasons for keeping exotic pets. ‘Life‐Savers’ were motivated by pity; ‘Accidental Owners’ acquired animals by chance; ‘New Experience Seekers’ were looking for something different and unusual; and ‘Collectors’ acquired animals based on their specific characteristics. Species and provenance preferences, level of husbandry knowledge, understanding of the legislation and rights varied among exotic pet owners often reflecting their different motivations. Despite their differences, together they formed a distinctive sub‐community of pet owners.

Our findings provide essential information for various stakeholders, including policymakers and law enforcement agencies, aiming to address exotic pet trade in Russia and its negative impact on biodiversity both in Russia and overseas. Understanding the motivations for exotic pet ownership will facilitate a more evidence‐based policy to emerge to regulate pet ownership.

This paper can also serve as a basis for further investigation into the exotic pet trade of Russia and our typology of motivations could be a basis for future studies in other geographical areas.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
AI and Spinoza: a review of law’s conceptual treatment of Lethal Autonomous
Authors: De Lucia Dahlbeck Moa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article I will argue that the philosophy of Benedict Spinoza (1632–1677) may assist us in coming to terms with some of the conceptual challenges that the phenomenon of Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses on law and legal thought. I will pursue this argument in three steps. First, I will suggest that Spinoza’s philosophy of the mind and knowledge may function as an analytical tool for making sense of the prevailing conception of AI within the legal discourse on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). Then, I will continue the argument with the aid of Spinoza’s political philosophy which partly complicates the picture as it seems to disqualify a normative process grounded directly upon the means stipulated for achieving a robust understanding of AI. Based on these two separate discussions I will conclude by outlining a composite critique – from the twofolded perspective of Spinoza’s ethical and political discussions – of the ongoing negotiations of a new Conventional Weapons Convention (CCW) protocol on LAWS.
On opportunistic software reuse
Authors: Mäkitalo Niko , Taivalsaari Antero , Kiviluoto Arto , Mikkonen Tommi , Capilla Rafael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe availability of open source assets for almost all imaginable domains has led the software industry toopportunistic design—an approach in which people develop new software systems in an ad hoc fashion by reusing and combining components that were not designed to be used together. In this paper we investigate this emerging approach. We demonstrate the approach with an industrial example in whichNode.jsmodules and various subsystems are used in an opportunistic way. Furthermore, to study opportunistic reuse as a phenomenon, we present the results of three contextual interviews and a survey with reuse practitioners to understand to what extent opportunistic reuse offers improvements over traditional systematic reuse approaches.
Transfer of criminal proceedings: from stumbling block to cornerstone of cooperation in criminal matters in the EU
Authors: de Jonge Boudewijn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost forms of international cooperation in criminal matters have now been regulated to some extent by European Union legislation. One classical form of cooperation has been so far largely immune from influence by the EU legislator, however. This is the area of transfer of proceedings. This article provides an overview of the current situation and argues that new life should be blown into earlier initiatives to improve this form of cooperation. Harmonisation in this area will prove an important step to facilitate the proper administration of justice in the common Area of Freedom, Justice and Security that the European Union is set to realise.
Attitudes Toward Attributed Agency: Role of Perceived Control
Authors: Zafari Setareh , Koeszegi Sabine T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious research suggests that the increased attribution of agency to robots may be linked to negative attitudes toward robots. If robots are truly expected to assume various roles in our social environment, it is necessary to further explore how increasing agency, for example through increasing levels of autonomy, affects attitudes toward them. This study investigates the role of perceived control as a moderator explaining attitudes toward attributed agency in a collaboration context. Austrian-based participants ($$\hbox {N}=102$$

N
=
102

) watched a video of a robot collaborating with a person to assemble a mixer—the robot was presented as either agentic and capable of proactively collaborating with the human or non-agentic and only capable of following human commands. The results show that attributing high levels of agency to robots is associated with negative attitudes toward them when individuals perceive low control during the collaboration.
ON CONFIGURATIONS CONCERNING CARDINAL CHARACTERISTICS AT REGULAR CARDINALS
Authors: BEN-NERIA OMER , GARTI SHIMON 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the consistency and consistency strength of various configurations concerning the cardinal characteristics
$\mathfrak {s}_\theta , \mathfrak {p}_\theta , \mathfrak {t}_\theta , \mathfrak {g}_\theta , \mathfrak {r}_\theta $
at uncountable regular cardinals
$\theta $
. Motivated by a theorem of Raghavan–Shelah who proved that
$\mathfrak {s}_\theta \leq \mathfrak {b}_\theta $
, we explore in the first part of the paper the consistency of inequalities comparing
$\mathfrak {s}_\theta $
with
$\mathfrak {p}_\theta $
and
$\mathfrak {g}_\theta $
. In the second part of the paper we study variations of the extender-based Radin forcing to establish several consistency results concerning
$\mathfrak {r}_\theta ,\mathfrak {s}_\theta $
from hyper-measurability assumptions, results which were previously known to be consistent only from supercompactness assumptions. In doing so, we answer questions from [1], [15] and [7], and improve the large cardinal strength assumptions for results from [10] and [3].
Incorporating word embeddings in unsupervised morphological segmentation
Authors: Üstün Ahmet , Can Burcu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate the usage of semantic information for morphological segmentation since words that are derived from each other will remain semantically related. We use mathematical models such as maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) and maximum a posteriori estimate (MAP) by incorporating semantic information obtained from dense word vector representations. Our approach does not require any annotated data which make it fully unsupervised and require only a small amount of raw data together with pretrained word embeddings for training purposes. The results show that using dense vector representations helps in morphological segmentation especially for low-resource languages. We present results for Turkish, English, and German. Our semantic MLE model outperforms other unsupervised models for Turkish language. Our proposed models could be also used for any other low-resource language with concatenative morphology.
Inherited Charisma and Personal Qualities: Sayyids and religious reform in nineteenth century Multan
Authors: ABENANTE DIEGO 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt has generally been acknowledged that Sayyids, through their real or imagined connection to the Prophet, have represented a key trans-regional dimension of Islam. In the Punjab, the status of the Ashraf has been reinforced by their role as custodians of the Sufi shrines. In the Multan region, Sayyids and Qureshis acted frequently aspirandsajjada nashinfor many Sufidargahs. Their position, however, did not go unchallenged. The Chishti Nizami revival in the late eighteenth and nineteenth century saw the growth of an alternative religious network that competed with older families both religiously and socially. This process directly challenged the idea of inherited charisma and the established social hierarchy. Although reform movements are often considered to represent a shift towards a universal dimension of Islam, connected symbolically to Arabia and to the figure of the Prophet, the Chishti Nizami revival in Multan can be seen rather as a vernacularisation of Islamic authority. The movement favoured the social ascent of local tribes and non-Arab Ashraf families. The alliance between these groups would become a stable feature in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and contributed to the social status of Sayyid families being questioned.
Historical Reconstruction of Storm Surge Activity in the Southeastern Coastal Area of China for the Past 60 Years
Authors: Ji Tao , Li Guosheng , Liu Rui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is a very difficult task to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of storm surge activity with current monitoring methods, because tide gauge observation, satellite altimeter, and numerical simulation do not ensure sufficient spatial and temporal resolution and temporal coverage at the same time. We propose to use a reanalysis data set, which covers the period from 1958 to 2016, to statistically reconstruct the daily maximum storm surge levels in the southeastern coastal area of China. Then, we used the Geographical Differential Analysis (GDA) calibration to correct the reconstruction results. The verification of the statistical model and the calibration results show that both the statistical model and the GDA calibration have a good accuracy in terms of high correlations and small errors. However, they also reveal a variable spatial quality of the multivariate statistical model in the reconstructed maximum storm surge levels, especially in the extreme events of the storm surge activity, the daily maximum surge is often underestimated. The GDA calibration result readily solves this problem, as it can accurately reflect not only the daily maximum storm surge levels but also the whole spatial and temporal dynamic storm surge evolution process. Therefore, this work provides an effective method to establish long‐term sequence and high‐precision daily maximum storm surge levels. This method can reveal the spatial and temporal evolution features of storm surge intensity at a climatic scale and main variability features. Moreover, it can predict possible trends in the geospatial distribution pattern of storm surge intensity in the context of future climate change.
Centuries of monthly and 3-hourly global ocean wave data for past, present, and future climate research
Authors: Song Zhenya , Bao Ying , Zhang Danqi , Shu Qi , Song Yajuan , Qiao Fangli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOcean surface waves are essential to navigation safety, coastal activities, and climate systems. Numerical simulations are still the primary methods used in wave climate research, especially in future climate change scenarios. Recently, First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model version 2.0 (FIO-ESM v2.0), a global climate model coupled with an ocean wave model, was carried out the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) experiments. Here, we present the global monthly-mean and 3-hourly instantaneous wave parameter dataset from the FIO-ESM v2.0 CMIP6 experiments, including 700-year piControl, 165-year historical, three 86-year future scenarios (ssp125, ssp245, and ssp585, respectively), and two 150-year climate sensitive experiments (1pctCO2 and abrupt-4xCO2) simulations. Historical results show that the model can capture the basic wave climate features under climate change. These unique centuries of global wave data are from a fully coupled system and can provide the community with a vital long-term data source for scientific and engineering applications, such as wave climate research, wave-related process studies and parameterizations, as well as coastal and near-shore industry designs.
Generalizable deep temporal models for predicting episodes of sudden hypotension in critically ill patients: a personalized approach
Authors: Chan Brandon , Chen Brian , Sedghi Alireza , Laird Philip , Maslove David , Mousavi Parvin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe vast quantities of data generated and collected in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have given rise to large retrospective datasets that are frequently used for observational studies. The temporal nature and fine granularity of much of the data collected in the ICU enable the pursuit of predictive modeling. In particular, forecasting acute hypotensive episodes (AHE) in intensive care patients has been of interest to researchers in critical care medicine. Given an advance warning of an AHE, care providers may be prompted to search for evolving disease processes and help mitigate negative clinical outcomes. However, the conventionally adopted definition of an AHE does not account for inter-patient variability and is restrictive. To reflect the wider trend of global clinical and research efforts in precision medicine, we introduce a patient-specific definition of AHE in this study and propose deep learning based models to predict this novel definition of AHE in data from multiple independent institutions. We provide extensive evaluation of the models by studying their accuracies in detecting patient-specific AHEs with lead-times ranging from 10 min to 1 hour before the onset of the event. The resulting models achieve AUROC values ranging from 0.57–0.87 depending on the lead time of the prediction. We demonstrate the generalizability and robustness of our approach through the use of independent multi-institutional data.
AI in Radiology: Where are we today in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging?
Authors: Eichinger Paul , Zimmer Claus , Wiestler Benedikt 
Published: July 2020

Background MR imaging is an essential component in managing patients with Multiple sclerosis (MS). This holds true for the initial diagnosis as well as for assessing the clinical course of MS. In recent years, a growing number of computer tools were developed to analyze imaging data in MS. This review gives an overview of the most important applications with special emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI).
Methods Relevant studies were identified through a literature search in recognized databases, and through parsing the references in studies found this way. Literature published as of November 2019 was included with a special focus on recent studies from 2018 and 2019.
Results There are a number of studies which focus on optimizing lesion visualization and lesion segmentation. Some of these studies accomplished these tasks with high accuracy, enabling a reproducible quantitative analysis of lesion loads. Some studies took a radiomics approach and aimed at predicting clinical endpoints such as the conversion from a clinically isolated syndrome to definite MS. Moreover, recent studies investigated synthetic imaging, i. e. imaging data that is not measured during an MR scan but generated by a computer algorithm to optimize the contrast between MS lesions and brain parenchyma.
Conclusion Computer-based image analysis and AI are hot topics in imaging MS. Some applications are ready for use in clinical routine. A major challenge for the future is to improve prediction of expected disease courses and thereby helping to find optimal treatment decisions on an individual level. With technical improvements, more questions arise about the integration of new tools into the radiological workflow.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Die deutschsprachige Fassung des Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory:
Evaluation der psychometrischen Kennwerte in männlichen
Stichproben
Authors: Arkenau Rike , Waldorf Manuel , Cordes Martin , Vocks Silja 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungZur Erfassung zentraler Merkmale der Muskeldysmorphie, die als Subtyp der
Körperdysmorphen Störung klassifiziert wird, steht für den englischsprachigen
Raum das Muscle Dysmorphia Inventory (MDI) zur Verfügung. Gegenstand der
vorliegenden Studie war die psychometrische Überprüfung der deutschsprachigen
Version des MDI. Hierzu bearbeiteten männliche Teilnehmer zweier separater
Stichproben (Stichprobe 1: n=143; Stichprobe 2: n=71; N=214) eine
Fragebogenbatterie inklusive des MDI. Anhand einer konfirmatorischen
Faktorenanalyse konnte die von den Autoren der englischsprachigen
Originalversion postulierte Faktorenstruktur nicht repliziert werden, wobei
annähernd adäquate Fit-Indizes für ein auf Basis der Modifikationsindizes
verändertes Modell vorlagen. Für die MDI-Subskalen ergaben sich akzeptable bis
sehr gute interne Konsistenzen. Die Retest-Reliabilität über ca. 14 Tage war
hoch. Signifikant positive Korrelationen der MDI-Subskalen mit weiteren
Körperbild- und Psychopathologiemaßen sowie der Kraftsportfrequenz pro Woche
legten eine gute konvergente und Kriteriumsvalidität nahe. Zudem differenzierte
das MDI zwischen Subgruppen aus Männern mit einer Muskeldysmorphie sowie Kraft-
und Nicht-Kraftsportlern. Mit Ausnahme der Subskala Nutzung von
Pharmakologischen Mitteln (NP) mit niedrigerer Reliabilität und Validität sowie
der ungenügenden Modellpassung wies die deutschsprachige Übersetzung des MDI
insgesamt adäquate psychometrische Kennwerte auf. Die Anwendung in
klinisch-psychologischer Forschung sowie therapeutischer Praxis scheint daher –
mit Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Subskala NP – empfehlenswert.
Sozialmedizinische und sozialjuristische Aspekte in der Zusammenhangsbegutachtung asbestbedingter Berufskrankheiten
Authors: Schneider J. , Baur X. , Becker P. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungBei Berufskrankheiten handelt es sich um bestimmte durch Rechtsverordnung bezeichnete Krankheiten. Während die Krankheitsbilder medizinisch in Leitlinien beschrieben sind, beruht deren Anerkennung auf justiziablen Verwaltungsverfahren. Die Kausalitätsprüfungen sind an sozialjuristische Vorgaben gebunden. Es werden die für die Begutachtung grundlegenden sozialjuristischen Begriffe genannt und die Kausalitätsgrundsätze bei asbestbedingten Berufskrankheiten aufgeführt sowie beispielhaft rechtskräftige Sozialgerichtsurteile zitiert. Hieraus resultieren teilweise von der medizinischen Ansicht nicht selten abweichende Beurteilungen. Ziel ist die korrekte Anwendung sozialmedizinischer Kenntnisse, um eine adäquate Begutachtung im Berufskrankheitenfall vorzunehmen, die die rechtlichen Vorgaben umsetzt.