bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Different Perinatal Period of Does: Energy Metabolism Efficiency, Lipid Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Liver Metabolomics Profile in Response to Nicotinamide Supplementation
Authors: Wei Xiaoshi , Yin Qingyan , Zhao Huihui , He Jiajun , Cao Yangchun , Yao Junhu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Improving energy efficiency is urgent during perinatal period because dairy ruminant is often in negative energy balance, resulting many metabolic disorders thus economic losses. It has been previously highlighted that nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation during perinatal period could benefit the energy balance, while the underlying metabolic alterations and the differences in NAM supplemented during different perinatal period have been poorly studied. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of NAM on energy efficiency, lipid metabolism, oxidative status, and liver metabolites profile of perinatal does during different perinatal period. Results: Fifteen multiparous does with similar parity, weight, and previous milk yield were paired and allocated to 3 groups (n = 5): control (C), postpartum supplementation (P, NAM supplemented after kidding), and entire-perinatal supplementation (EP, NAM supplemented from -21 to 28 d around kidding). Does were drenched with 5 g/d of NAM and slaughtered on d 28. The ruminal acetic acid tended to decrease, and the propionic acid and valeric acid were increased in P and EP. The does in P and EP had a decreased acetic acid to propionic acid ratio. Does in EP had higher liver mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The Complex Ⅱ was elevated in both P and EP and NAM supplementation tended to increase ATP production. Liver metabolomics analysis and tissues biochemical analysis revealed that lipid was decomposed in abdominal adipose, and in liver, the decomposition of lipid was more than the synthesis, and the amino acid metabolism were enriched by NAM. Moreover, the oxidative status of blood and liver were improved by NAM supplementation, and supplementation of NAM during postpartum only does not appear enough to cope with the metabolites of oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions: Overall, these data suggested that NAM supplementation during perinatal period favored the rumen fermentation pattern to propionic acid-type, and improved liver energy efficiency with benefited lipid metabolism. The NAM supplemented from prepartum is needed for better oxidative status and energy metabolism of perinatal does.
Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) from the endangered Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)
Authors: Cao Yi-Fan , Chen Hui-Xia , Li Yang , Zhou Dang-Wei , Chen Shi-Long , Li Liang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The Tibetan antelope Pantholops hodgsonii (Abel) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) is an endangered and endemic species of mammal to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Parasites and their caused parasitic diseases are considered to be important threats in the conservation of the Tibetan antelope. However, our present knowledge of the composition of the parasites from the Tibetan antelope remains limited.

Methods

Large numbers of nematode parasites were collected from a dead Tibetan antelope. The morphology of these nematode specimens were observed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences [i.e. small ribosomal DNA (18S), large ribosomal DNA (28S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( cox 1)] were amplified and sequenced for molecular identification. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 28S and 18S + 28S + cox 1 sequence data, respectively, in order to clarify the systematic status of these nematodes.

Results

Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae). There is no intraspecific nucleotide variation found between different individuals of S. longicaudatum sp. n. in the partial 18S, 28S, ITS and cox 1 sequences. However, the high level of nucleotide divergence was revealed between the new species and its congeners in 28S (8.36%) and ITS (20.3–23.7%) regions, respectively. Molecular phylogenetic results supported that the genus Skrjabinema should belong to the subfamily Oxyurinae (Oxyuroidea: Oxyuridae), instead of the subfamily Syphaciidae or Skrjabinemiinae in the traditional classification, which formed a sister relationship to the genus Oxyuris .

Conclusions

A new species of pinworm Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. (Oxyurida: Oxyuridae) was described. Skrjabinema longicaudatum sp. n. represents the first species of Oxyurida (pinworm) and the fourth nematode species reported from the Tibetan antelope. Our results contribute to our knowledge on the species diversity of parasites from the Tibetan antelope, and also clarified the systematic position of the genus Skrjabinema .
Improve Management of Stress-related Mental Disorders in Chinese Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Rong Rong , Chen Wei , Dai Zihao , Gu Jingli , Chen Weiying , Zhou Yanbin , Xiao Haipeng , Kuang Ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression, burnout and reduced clinical empathy are the most prevalent mental disorders in medical students. Effective strategies to improving the situations are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of teaching an interventional course tailored to the needs of senior Chinese medical students.
Methods
Our study enrolled a total of 146 senior medical students from Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University between March 2016 and June 2016 for analysis. The study designed an interventional course based on the preliminary data revealed by a pilot study group (5 pre-clinical students and 5 interns), and the control group got the traditional courses. Before and after the courses, our study required all students to complete five self-assessment questionnaires to evaluate the score of depression, burnout, empathy, self-efficacy (SE), and quality of life (QoL).
Results
After the courses, the interventional group had significantly higher empathy and QoL scores, compared to the control group (111.0 vs 106.0, P = .012, and 32 vs 29.5, P = .04, respectively). While depression scores in the interventional group were significantly lower than those in control group (P = .02). However, there were no significant differences in burnout and self-efficacy scores between both groups.
Conclusions
Our interventional course had a positive impact on the stress-related mental disorders of Chinese medical students, which may help provide novel information for incorporation into the “wellness curricula” of medical schools.
Alternative approaches for clinical clerkship during the COVID-19 pandemic: Online clinical practice for inpatients and outpatients - A mixed method -
Authors: Kasai Hajime , Shikino Kiyoshi , Saito Go , Tsukamoto Tomoko , Takahashi Yukiko , Kuriyama Ayaka , Tanaka Kazuhisa , Onodera Misaki , Yokoh Hidetaka , Tatsumi Koichiro , Yoshino Ichiro , Ikusaka Masatomi , Sakao Seiichiro , Ito Shoichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a need for educational materials and methods that can replace clinical clerkships (CCs) for online clinical practice (online-CP). This study evaluates the impact of using simulated electronic health records (sEHR) for inpatients, and electronic problem-based learning (e-PBL) and online virtual medical interviews (online-VMI) for outpatients, for an online clinical practice using a learning management system (LMS) and online meeting system facilitated by a supervising physician.
Methods
The sEHR was reviewed by medical students and subsequently discussed with a supervising physician using an online meeting system. In the e-PBL, medical students reviewed the simulated patients and discussed on the LMS. For the online-VMI, a faculty member acted as outpatient and a student as doctor. Small groups of students discussed the clinical reasoning process using the online meeting system. A mixed methods design was implemented. Medical students self-assessed their clinical competence before and after the online-CP. They answered questionnaires and participated in semi-structured focus group interviews (FGIs) regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the practice.
Results
Forty-three students completed the online-CP during May and June 2020. All students indicated significant improvement in all aspects of self-evaluation of clinical performance after the online-CP. Using sEHR significantly improved performance in writing daily medical records and medical summaries (from 2.5 ± 2.0 to 4.3 ± 1.9, p < 0.001; from 2.6 ± 1.6 to 4.0 ± 2.0, p < 0.001, respectively). By e-PBL and online-VMI, performance in terms of medical interviews and counselling improved significantly (from 3.7 ± 1.7 to 5.0 ± 2.0, p = 0.009; from 4.2 ± 1.7 to 5.1 ± 1.8, p = 0.043, respectively). Students indicated CCs as more useful for learning associated with medical interviews, physical examinations, and humanistic qualities or professionalism than the online-CP. Eight FGIs were conducted (n = 42). The advantages of online-CP were segregated into five categories (learning environment, efficiency, accessibility, self-paced learning, and interactivity); meanwhile, the disadvantages of online-CP were classified into seven categories (clinical practice experience, learning environment, interactivity, motivation, memory retention, accessibility, and extraneous cognitive load).
Conclusions
Online-CP with sEHR, e-PBL, and online-VMI could be useful in learning some of the clinical skills acquired through CC. These methods can be implemented with limited preparation and resources.
Potential diagnostic value of pleural fluid cytokines levels for tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Roofchayee Neda Dalil , Marjani Majid , K.Dezfuli Neda , Tabarsi Payam , Moniri Afshin , Varahram Mohammad , Adcock Ian M. , Mortaz Esmaeil 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Patients with tuberculous or malignant pleural effusions (MPE) frequently have similar clinical manifestations and pleural fluid profile. New biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of TPE are required. Objective: We sought to determine of whether cytokine profiles in the pleural effusion of patients were suitable as tools for the differential diagnosis of TPE. Methods: 30 patients with TPE, 30 patients with MPE, 14 patients with empyema and 14 patients with parapneumonic effusion were enrolled consecutively from the Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran between Dec 2018-Dec 2019. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, IL-27, CXCL-8, CCL-1 and IP-10 were determined in pleural effusions by ELISA along with measurements of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Results: The levels of all analytes measured except IL-18 were higher in TPE compared with non-TPE subjects (all p < 0.01). The best predictors of TPE were combined ADA.IL-27 (optimal cut-off value = 42.68 103.U.ng/L2, sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.28%, p ≤ 0.0001), ADA (optimal cut off value 27.5 IU/L, sensitivity 90%, specificity 96.5%, p ≤ 0.0001) and IL-27 (optimal cut-off value = 2363 pg/ml, sensitivity 96.7%, specificity 98.3%, p ≤ 0.0001). A high level of IL-6 (optimal cut-off value = 3260 pg/ml, sensitivity 100%, specificity 67.2%, p ≤ 0.0001), CXCL-8 (optimal cut-off value = 144.5 pg/m, sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 58.6%, p ≤ 0.0001), CCL-1 (optimal cut-off value = 54 pg/mL, sensitivity 100%, specificity 70.7%, p ≤ 0.0001) and IP-10 (optimal cut-off value = 891.9 pg/mL, sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 48.3%, p = 0.0001) were also predictive of TPE. Conclusion: High ADA.IL-27, ADA and IL-27 levels differentiate between TPE and non-TPE with improved specificity and diagnostic accuracy.
Compliance, Barriers, and Facilitators to Social Distancing Measures for Prevention of COVID-19 in Northwest Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Hailu Workagegnehu , Derseh Lemma , Hunegnaw Melkamu Tamir , Tesfaye Tsebaot , Abebaw Dessie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. To date there is no definitive treatment for COVID-19 and prevention remains the main strategy in tackling it. Social distancing has been proven to contain the epidemic and limit disease spread. The Ethiopian government has declared state of emergency and have taken several measures to impose social distancing measures. Given its strong culture and norms, the level of compliance to social distancing measures in Ethiopia is unknown. This study aims to determine the compliance, associated factors, barriers, and facilitators to social distancing measures for the prevention of COVID-19 in Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A telephone interview based cross-sectional survey triangulated by a qualitative study was conducted from April 20 to May 20, 2020. A total of 401 participants and 12 key informants included for the quantitative and qualitative study respectively. Information on socio-demography, knowledge about COVID-19, practice on preventive measures, particularly social distancing was collected. The barriers and facilitators of social distancing were elicited qualitatively using in-depth interviews. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi- data and Stata software, respectively. Frequencies and odds ratio are used to explain and analyze the results. P-values < 0.05 and confidence level of 95% were considered statistical significance and strength of association, respectively.Results: Out of 401 study participants, 55.36 %( 95% CI 50.43, 60.18) had poor compliance to social distancing measures. The mean age of the participants was 36.4 years with SD ±11.76. Majority of participants (63.84%) went to crowded places without putting face mask. Of the participants, 60.6% and 76.31% had good knowledge on COVID-19 transmission and prevention, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed only age (AOR= 1.02, 95%CI: 1.00–1.04) was significantly associated with social distancing measures. Conclusion: The majority of the study participants have poor compliance with social distancing measures set by the government and health authorities. Compliance with social distancing measures was increased with increasing age. Continuous health education and enforcing of social distancing rules are recommended.
Transition of Ralstonia Mannitolilytica From Commensal to Pathogen During Hospitalization: A Catheter Related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI) Case Caused by R. Mannitolilytica Colonized in The Respiratory Tract
Authors: Liu Junyan , Peters Brian M. , Yang Ling , Yu Hui , Feng Donghua , Chen Dingqiang , Xu Zhenbo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Is Continuous Locking Suture with Braided Suture Sufficient for Arthrotomy Repair in the Conventional TKR? A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Wongsak Siwadol , Chulsomlee Kulapat , Jarungvittayakon Chavarat , Jaovisidha Suphaneewan , Sa-ngasoongsong Paphon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Medial parapatellar arthrotomy is the standard approach for total knee replacement (TKR) but usually requires adequate arthrotomy repair to allow for early rehabilitation. Nonetheless, no previous studies have clarified the postoperative outcome as quadriceps strength (QS) and functional recovery after using the other simple suture technique for the arthrotomy repair, continuous locking suture (CLS). Methods: 80 patients were randomly assigned into a CLS group (n=40) and an interrupted horizontal mattress (IHM) group (n=40). With the same surgical and rehabilitation protocol, and all arthrotomy repair used only the traditional braided suture. QS was calculated into normalized quadriceps strength (N-QS) and operative leg quadriceps strength compared with contralateral QS (OL-QS). QS, visual analog scale (VAS), modified timed up and go (TUGT) test, Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] and Knee Society Score [KSS] were followed for 6 months’ period. Results: No significant difference in demographic and perioperative data, except a significant shorter capsular closure time in CLS (233±40 seconds) compared to IHM (388±47 seconds) (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in N-QS and OL-QS between both groups during the 6-month follow-up period (p>0.05 all). Both groups also did not show any significant difference in the postoperative VAS, TUGT, WOMAC, and KSS (p>0.05 all). Finally, no wound complications or infections manifested during this study. Conclusion: Arthrotomy repair with the CLS technique in TKR and using only the braided suture is safe and effective as demonstrated a recovery of the QS and knee function outcome comparable to the standard IHM technique. Trial registration: This study was registered in Thai Clinical Trials Registry on December 2015 (https://www.clinicaltrials.in.th). The registration number was TCTR20151208003.
Increase of Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis by Local Application of Simvastatin Depends on VEGF
Authors: Tan Jie , Wang Hong , Du Guohong , Leng Huijie , Song Chunli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims

Simvastatin stimulates both BMP-2 and VEGF expression, but it is unknown which is more important for bone formation. This study was undertaken to determine whether these effects could be blocked by the anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab.
Methods

60 Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 12 per group): normal control; simvastatin 0 mg or 0.5 mg; and bevacizumab with simvastatin 0 mg or 0.5 mg. Simvastatin groups were administered intraosseous injections of simvastatin delivered by thermosensitive poloxamer. Bevacizumab groups were given bevacizumab intraperitoneally or the same volume of saline. Serum samples were collected before the treatment and every two weeks thereafter. Four weeks after the treatment, four rats randomly selected from each group were subjected to Microfil® perfusion. The remaining eight rats was evaluated with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and micro-computed tomography (µCT). Four specimens (left tibias) were randomly selected from each group for undecalcified histology, the other four specimens selected for Western blot to analyse the changes of expression of BMP-2.
Results

local injection of simvastatin significantly increased bone formation. Microfil® perfusion showed that there were more vessels both in the bone marrow and around the bone after a single-dose simvastatin injection. Western blot analysis also confirmed that the expression levels of BMP2 were significantly higher in the simvastatin-treated groups compared with the control group. Compared with the simvastatin group, bevacizumab blunted the simvastatin-induced increase in bone mass and angiogenesis.
Conclusion

The anabolic effect of simvastatin on bone formation is through VEGF-related mechanisms.
A Novel High-resolution Dedicated Axillary PET Improve Sensitivity in the Assessment of Regional Nodal Spread of Disease in Early Breast Cancer.
Authors: Cheng Jingyi , Li Junjie , Liu Guangyu , Shui Ruohong , Chen Sheng , Yang Benlong , Song Shaoli , Zhang Yingjian , Shao Zhimin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess if a novel high-resolution dedicated axillary lymph node Positron Emission Tomography (LymphPET) system could improve sensitivity analysing Lymph Node involvement in early breast carcinoma with clinical N0-N1 stage. Methods: A total of 103 patients with clinical stage of T1-2N0-1M0 breast cancer were evaluated with LymphPET. The maximum single-voxel PET uptake value of Axillary Lymph Node (maxLUV) and the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) for fat (TBR1) and muscle (TBR2) tissue were calculated. Then, seventy-eight patients with cN0 stage received sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone or in combination with ALN dissection (ALND) and 25 patients with cN1 stage underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Results: Ninety-nine invasive breast carcinoma entered this study. The diagnostic sensitivity of LymphPET was 87.80%, specificity was 79.31%, false-negative rate was 12.20%, false-positive rate was 20.69%, positive predictive value was 75.00%, negative predictive value was 90.20%, and accuracy was 82.83%. The maxLUV was superior to TBR1 and TBR2 in the detection of ALN, with 0.27 being the most optimal cutoff value. Conclusion: The 18F-FDG LymphPET could be used to identify and recognize more indolent ALNs of the breast cancer because of more sensitivity and much higher negative predictive value.
Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficient Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Three Month Old Boy With a Fatal Clinical Course: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: lv Bei-bei , Li Jia-Mei , Yao Zhi-Gang , Cheng Xian-Kui , Ren Fu-Xin , Su Wen-Jing , Qin Ye-Jun , Wang Zhou , Cao Zhi-xin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Succinate dehydrogenase deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (SDH-deficient GISTs) which lack KIT or PDGFRA mutations demonstrate unique clinical and pathological features, and respond poorly to standard targeted therapy. We herein present a novel case of SDH-deficient GIST in a three-month-old boy in colon mesentery which is the youngest patient until now. Case presentation: The baby presented with complaints of blood in the stool. CT showed a 6.3×4.6 cm mass in the left lower retroperitoneal. Complete resection of tumor and segmental bowel resection was performed without regional lymphadenectomy. Histologically, tumors are distinctive in their multinodular colon wall involvement with interspersed tracts of colon wall smooth muscle. The tumor was composed mainly of epithelioid cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Vim, CD117, PDGFR, while negative for SDHB. Mutational analysis showed a synonymous mutation for SDHB and wild-type for KIT and PDGFRA. Two months after surgery, metastases were found and Imatinib was administered. Unfortunately, the disease continued to progress, the baby died 5 months after surgery. Conclusions: SDH-deficient GISTs comprise a subgroup of a relatively rare tumor type and show a number of clinically and biologically unique features, especially for infants. It is of great importance to developing new therapeutic targets and novel specific drugs.