bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of subjective quality of life among older married adults in Poland
Authors: Chełchowska Milena 
Published: November 2020

In recent decades, the issue of life quality and its determinants has been increasingly discussed in the scientific literature. One of the key determinants of subjective well-being is the fact of being in a relationship (formal or not) as well as its quality. The results of analyzes for other countries show that people who have a partner have a higher subjective well-being than people who do not live with their spouse, while divorced people have the lowest (and the highest level of depression). In addition to being in a relationship, its quality is also important: people more satisfied with marriage declare greater well-being than those less satisfied. The aim of the study is to analyze quality of life (expressed in terms of well-being and depression) among older people in Poland, putting emphasis on their individual (e.g. age, sex, health status, level of education) and household (financial situation) characteristics. Importantly, the analysis takes into account the quality of the marriage approximated by the satisfaction with marriage declared by both spouses separately. For the purposes of this study I use data of ‘Social Diagnosis’ study carried out in 2015 in Poland. The final sample was limited to partnered older people aged 65+. Basic individual socio-demographic and economic as well as household characteristics were controlled for.
The results show that older partnered men in Poland have higher subjective well-being than older partnered women. Also, older partnered men report significantly higher levels of marital satisfaction than older partnered women do. Moreover, it should be underlined that higher levels of marital satisfaction among older spouses may be beneficial for their own quality of life expressed by well-being and depression. Thus, better opinion about marriage may increase subjective well-being and decrease depression level. However, this relationship is different for older partnered men and women. Positive relationship between marital satisfaction and well-being is stronger for partnered women when subjective well-being is taken into account and for men when well-being is understood as depression level.
We are more alike than you think. Age distribution of quality of life among persons with and without disabilities
Authors: Antczak Radosław , Grabowska Izabela , Zwierzchowski Jan , Panek Tomasz 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: In this article we apply the age perspective to assess the quality of life (QoL) of persons with disabilities. Using a single measurement tool, we compare age profiles in the quality of life of persons with disabilities to the population without disabilities. By doing so, we examine whether the general patterns (such as U-shaped profile) are observed also among the population with disabilities, hence assessing how heterogenous this group is.
Methods: We have constructed a multidimensional measurement model identifying overall and nine dimensions of the quality of life using structural equation modelling. The model conceptually is based on the Eurostat guidelines. All analyses are based on EU-SILC survey data, carried out in Poland in 2015.
Results: The quality of life for both groups has inverse, right-skewed U-shape. The maximum value is achieved for the age group of 30–34 and after this threshold a constant decline is observed. The QoL scores for the population with disabilities are obviously significantly lower. Additionally, they are more heterogenous, and with greater variation between men and women. In a majority of the domains we also observe lower scores for persons with disabilities. However, people with disabilities are similarly diversified by age as persons without disabilities.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that people with disabilities are similarly diversified by age as persons without disabilities. Therefore, disability means something different for younger and older persons and this difference is reflected in their quality of life. It means that public policy for persons with disabilities should also be diversified, avoiding ‘one-for-all’ policy.
Contribution of avoidable causes of death to premature mortality in Poland and selected European countries
Authors: Wojtyniak Bogdan , Stokwiszewski Jakub 
Published: November 2020

Our study, availing the new, agreed by the OECD and Eurostat, lists of preventable and treatable causes of death, seeks to quantify the contribution of avoidable causes to premature mortality and its dynamics in Poland and Central European countries – Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovenia, in comparison with Sweden serving as a benchmark country in 1999–2017. We calculated age standardised death rates for the broad groups of avoidable causes and more specific ones, which comprised preventable and treatable cancer and diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), preventable injuries and alcohol-related diseases. Deaths from not avoidable causes were also analysed. The analysis of time trends in the death rates and calculation of the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for the overall trend were performed with joint-point models. The contribution of changes in mortality from avoidable causes to increase life expectancy during 1999–2017 and contribution of the difference in mortality from these causes to the difference in life expectancy between five countries and Sweden were based on the decomposition of temporary life expectancy between birth and age 75 [e(0-75)]. For the calculation of life expectancy, we used the classic Chiang method and the decomposition of life expectancy by the death causes and age was conducted with the Arriaga method. The AAPC of death rates from avoidable causes in 1999–2017 was similar in all the countries but Lithuania, where the decline started later. The decline in the death rates from not avoidable causes is much slower than the rates from avoidable causes. Mortality from treatable causes was decreasing faster than from preventable causes in most populations. In 1999–2017, the average rate of mortality decline for preventable cancer was greater among men than among women, while for treatable cancer the sex-related differences were much smaller and in favour of women. As for preventable and treatable death from DCS, their decrease was faster among women than men in all the countries but Sweden. Improvements in mortality from causes that could be avoided through prevention or treatment made substantial positive contributions to the overall change in life expectancy in all the countries. The differences in temporary life expectancy e(0-75) between the analysed Central European countries and Sweden were much smaller in 2017 than in 1999, due to the reduction of the gap in mortality from avoidable causes. Our results show that among men, and to a lesser extent among women, mortality from preventable causes contributes more than mortality from causes that can be effectively treated to shorter life expectancy in the countries of Central Europe than in Sweden.
This indicates that in reducing the health gap between the inhabitants of Central Europe and Western Europe, the healthcare system should consider disease prevention even to a greater extent than just treating them.
Assistência do SAMU a pessoas sob efeito de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Rosa Kathleen Andreia , Oliveira Michele Mandagará de , Ramos Camila Irigonhé , Pereira Gabriela Botelho , Alves Poliana Farias , Rodriguez Maria Leticia Benelli , Farias Taís Alves 
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a percepção dos profissionais do SAMU sobre a atenção de urgência e emergência a pessoas que estão sob o efeito de substâncias psicoativas. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma abordagem qualitativa, realizado na sede do SAMU de um município de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se da técnica de entrevista semi-estruturada para a coleta de dados, da análise temática emergiram os resultados, os quais foram divididos em três temas: o atendimento de urgência e emergência a pessoas que estão sob o efeito de substâncias psicoativas; O medo de sofrer violência; e A importância da educação permanente para a abordagem dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas. O preconceito e o estigma por parte de profissionais de saúde e, também, as dificuldades nesses atendimentos, foram pontos percebidos pelos participantes como influenciadores desse atendimento. Além disso, foi possível também observar que alguns profissionais acreditam que o SAMU não seria o serviço ideal para atendimentos psiquiátricos.
Visitando o estudo, um estrangeiro em família – revisão de tese
Authors: Carvalho Marcelo Costa Freire de , Possidônio Victória Feitosa , Joca Terezinha Teixeira 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo constitui-se como uma revisão do estudo “Um estrangeiro em família: ser surdo como diferença linguística” e tem o objetivo de refletir sobre os resultados de uma tese de doutoramento com o estudo desenvolvido em uma universidade particular. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com desenho etnográfico, que ocorreu no período de maio de 2010 a maio de 2012, com dez estudantes surdos universitários. Esses estudantes, sete alunos do sexo masculino e três alunos do sexo feminino, de 18 a 38 anos, faziam uso da língua de sinais como meio de comunicação principal no Campus, provenientes de vários cursos, além da participação de seus familiares ouvintes, na investigação. Fez-se uso da técnica de Grupo Focal e de entrevistas semiabertas, com a formação de dois grupos, um composto por surdos e o outro por seus familiares. Como recurso para análise de dados empregou-se o software Nvivo, apontando oito categorias: Comunicação, Oralização Obrigatória, Cultura Surda, Preconceito, Escolarização Inadequada, Família, Perspectiva da Diferença e Perspectiva Médica, que revelam correlações entre si e demonstram divergências de percepções, entre os dois grupos. Deixando claro que os surdos sustentam a perspectiva da condição de ser surdo como uma diferença, enquanto os familiares apontam como uma deficiência, na perspectiva do modelo médico. A revisão do estudo constatou que os surdos não aceitam a perspectiva da deficiência, enquanto os ouvintes familiares, como a sociedade asseguram-se de que há uma falta e que a condição de ser surdo é uma deficiência.
Ferramentas de manutenção preditiva de motores diesel: uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática
Authors: Aquino Evelim Larissa Rombi De , Mollo Neto Mario , Bernardo Cristiane Hengler Corrêa , Morais Flávio José de Oliveira , Santos Paulo Sérgio Barbosa dos 
Published: November 2020

O setor de manutenção de frota representa grande parte dos custos nas propriedades agroindustriais e toda a inovação e tecnologia empregada na redução destes custos impacta diretamente no preço final do produto. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo desse artigo é identificar como está configurado o estado do conhecimento sobre as ferramentas de manutenção preditiva para motores diesel. Para atender o objetivo, foi utilizada uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, composta por três fases: Entrada, Processamento e Saída. Foi possível identificar um avanço nas produções científicas relacionadas as ferramentas de manutenção preditiva, o que reforça a sua importância. Ao analisar os documentos na íntegra, foi possível categorizar os documentos por aplicabilidade, sendo: Industrial; Motores Diesel; Motores Diesel 2T; Motores Diesel de Tratores Agrícolas; Motores e equipamentos Mecânicos; Ônibus e Transporte de Passageiros; Mineração e Marítima. Pôde-se, ainda, concluir que os setores que mais pesquisam e desenvolvem ferramentas de manutenção preditiva para motores são o industrial e o marítimo. Dos 41 documentos analisados nesta pesquisa, oito são capítulos de livros, o que demonstra que a análise de tal formato documental é relevante à temática aqui abordada. Da mesma forma, pesquisas sobre a manutenção preditiva vem ganhando importância nos últimos anos, o que nos leva a acreditar que também deve caminhar em direção ao setor agrícola.
Os pilares da tecnologia 4.0 no cenário do Covid19
Authors: Melicio Rose Kelly Irene Santos da Conceição , Costa Neto Pedro Luiz de Oliveira 
Published: November 2020

O distanciamento social decretado no início de 2020, foi ocasionado pelo ao alto nível de contágio do vírus Covid19. Portanto, governo, empresas e uma grande parcela da sociedade brasileira foram “obrigadas” a adotarem como alternativa para se manterem ativas os meios tecnológicos, dentre eles encontrados anteriormente na indústria 4.0. O foco dessa pesquisa é levantar uma reflexão sobre a aplicabilidade das tecnologias como ferramenta para mitigar os efeitos da pandemia no Brasil. Diante do cenário, esse artigo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, artigos e reportagens. Após o estudo, foi constatado que a sociedade, empresas e governos foram imergidos em muitas das realidades das tecnologias 4.0, e que têm sido, uma das principais ajudas ao combate do coronavírus e mitigar seus efeitos, que provavelmente se perpetuará ao longo do tempo seja de forma física social e/ou. Observou-se ainda, que realidade brasileira nos traz uma reflexão para alienação versus a exclusão digital que se encontra nesse mesmo país.
A permanência escolar na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) do campo: o caso do assentamento 25 de Maio, Madalena, Ceará
Authors: Lima Nara Lucia Gomes , Souza Jose Ribamar Furtado de 
Published: November 2020

Este estudo volta-se a Educação de Jovens e Adultos do campo e tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos que tem contribuído para a permanência escolar no assentamento rural 25 de Maio, observando a luta por Educação do Campo no contexto da reforma agrária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva e explicativa, orientada pelo método dialético. Para a coleta de materiais em campo utilizou-se à entrevista semiestruturada, observação participante e análise documental. Constatou-se que a permanência escolar no campo está relacionada às categorias gestão escolar, prática docente e prática pedagógica. A Secretaria Municipal de Educação é responsável pela organização do ensino, acompanhamento pedagógico e oferta da EJA no interior deste assentamento. Os professores realizam um trabalho de base que consiste em visitas domiciliares, mas falta apoio pedagógico da escola. Constatou-se que a maioria dos educandos são trabalhadores rurais, com faixa etária de 32 a 50 anos de idade, os mesmos permaneceram na EJA com objetivo de concluírem seu processo de escolarização e obterem a certificação. Este estudo permite refletir sobre os desafios da EJA em áreas assentadas atentando para a permanência escolar no campo e traz apontamentos para pesquisas futuras.
Application of a Susceptible, Infectious, and/or Recovered (SIR) Model to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador
Authors: Espinosa Pablo , Quirola‐Amores Paulina , Teran Enrique 
Published: November 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is wreaking havoc in healthcare systems worldwide. COVID-19 was reported for the first time in Wuhan (China) and the first case in Ecuador was confirmed on February 27, 2020. Several determinants are taken into consideration for the establishment of asymptomatic or critical illness, and are necessary to predict the dynamics and behavior of a pandemic. We generated a Susceptible, Infectious, and/or Recovered model and reflected upon the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador. For the entire Ecuadorian population, we estimated that the reproduction number (R0) was 2.2, with 88% susceptible/infected individuals. To stop a national epidemic, a quarantine for 3–4 months is required, and when 55% of the population has been immunized (equivalent to 110 days since the first report of a COVID-19 case), a real decrease of new cases will be observed. The effectiveness of quarantine should be analyzed retrospectively, and not as a result of contemporary control of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Comparison Between Blood-Brain Barrier Water Exchange Rate and Permeability to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent in an Elderly Cohort
Authors: Shao Xingfeng , Jann Kay , Ma Samantha J. , Yan Lirong , Montagne Axel , Ringman John M. , Zlokovic Berislav V. , Wang Danny J. J. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI using intravenous injection of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) is commonly used for imaging blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Water is an alternative endogenous tracer with limited exchange rate across the BBB. A direct comparison between BBB water exchange rate and BBB permeability to GBCA is missing. The purpose of this study was to directly compare BBB permeability to GBCA (Ktrans and kGad = Ktrans/Vp) and water exchange rate (kw) in a cohort of elderly subjects at risk of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD).Methods: Ktrans/kGad and kw were measured by DCE-MRI and diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL), respectively, at 3 Tesla in 16 elderly subjects (3 male, age = 67.9 ± 3.0 yrs) at risk of cSVD. The test-retest reproducibility of kw measurements was evaluated with repeated scans ~6 weeks apart. Mixed effects linear regression was performed in the whole brain, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and 6 subcortical brain regions to investigate associations between Ktrans/kGad and test-retest kw. In addition, kw and Ktrans/kGad were compared in normal appearing white matter (NAWM), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions and penumbra.Results: Significant correlation was found between kw and Ktrans only in WM (β = 6.7 × 104, P = 0.036), caudate (β = 8.6 × 104, P = 0.029), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) perforator territory (β = 6.9 × 104, P = 0.009), but not in the whole brain, GM or rest 5 brain regions. Significant correlation was found between kw and kGad in MCA perforator territory (β = 1.5 × 103, P = 0.049), medial-temporal lobe (β = 3.5 × 103, P = 0.032), and hippocampus (β = 3.4 × 103, P = 0.038), but not in the rest brain regions. Good reproducibility of kw measurements (ICC=0.75) was achieved. Ktrans was significantly lower inside WMH than WMH penumbra (16.2%, P = 0.026), and kGad was significantly lower in NAWM than in the WMH penumbra (20.8%, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: kw provides a measure of water exchange rate across the BBB with good test-retest reproducibility. The BBB mechanism underlying kw and Ktrans/kGad is likely to be different, as manifested by correlations in only three brain regions for each pair of comparison between kw and Ktrans or kGad.
Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Urinary Stone Disease in Children and Young Adults Presenting to a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Farris Nicholas , Raina Rupesh , Tibrewal Abhishek , Brown Miraides , Colvis Maria , Schwaderer Andrew , Kusumi Kirsten 
Published: November 2020

Background:Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to urinary stone disease (USD) is rare in adults; AKI rates in children with USD may be higher, and emerging data links stones to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in adults.Methods:This study is a retrospective analysis of USD patients at a single pediatric hospital system's emergency department (ED). Patients were initially identified by USD ICD codes; USD was then confirmed by imaging or physician documentation; patients had to have baseline creatinine (Cr) and Cr in the ED for comparison to be included. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and Pediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End Stage (pRIFLE).Results:Of the 589 total visits, 264/589 (45%) had data to evaluate for AKI, 23% were AKI(+) and 77% were AKI(–). pRIFLE was most common (82%) and 18% were only positive by AKIN/KDIGO. AKI(+) were more likely to be younger (16.7 vs. 17.4 years,p= 0.046) and more likely to present with vomiting {odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.4 [1.4–4.3],p= 0.002}; also, the proportion of AKI(+) was significantly higher in &lt;18 vs. ≥18 years [26.9 vs. 15.5%,p= 0.032, OR (95% CI): 2.0 (1.1–3.9)]. Urinary tract infection (UTI) and obstruction rates were similar between groups. AKI(+) patients had a significant OR &lt;1 suggesting less risk of receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however, 51% of them did receive NSAIDs during their ED encounter. AKI(+) patients were more likely to require admission to the hospital (53 vs. 32%,p= 0.001).Conclusion:We have demonstrated a novel association between USD-induced renal colic and AKI in a group of young adults and children. AKI(+) patients were younger and were more likely to present with vomiting. AKI(+) patients did not have higher rates of obstruction or UTI, and 51% of AKI(+) received NSAIDs.
Learning My Way: A Pilot Study of Navigation Skills in Cerebral Palsy in Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Biffi Emilia , Gagliardi Chiara , Maghini Cristina , Genova Chiara , Panzeri Daniele , Redaelli Davide Felice , Turconi Anna Carla 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:Human navigation skills are essential for everyday life and rely on several cognitive abilities, among which visual-spatial competences that are impaired in subjects with cerebral palsy (CP). In this work, we proposed navigation tasks in immersive virtual reality (IVR) to 15 children with CP and 13 typically developing (TD) peers in order to assess the individual navigation strategies and their modifiability in a situation resembling real life.Methods:We developed and adapted to IVR an application based on a 5-way maze in a playground that was to be navigated to find a reward. The learning process, navigation strategies, and adaptation to changes were compared between participants with CP and their TD peers and correlated with visual-spatial abilities and cognitive competences.Results:Most participants with CP needed more attempts than TD participants to become proficient in navigation. Furthermore, the learning phase was correlated to visual-spatial memory but not with cognitive competences. Interestingly, navigation skills were comparable between groups after stabilization. While TD participants mainly relied on allocentric strategies based on environmental cues, egocentric (self-centered) strategies based on body motion prevailed in participants with CP. Furthermore, participants with CP had more difficulties in modifying their navigation strategies, caused by difficulties in executive processes beyond the visual-perceptual impairment, with an inefficient shift between implicit and explicit competences.Conclusions:The navigation abilities in participants with CP seem to be different from their TD peers in terms of learning and adaptation to new conditions; this could deeply affect their everyday life and ultimately participation and inclusion. A regular assessing and focused rehabilitative plans could help to better navigate the environment and affect self-perception.