bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and skills of accredited social health activists in home based new-born care in a rural community of Northern India: an evaluative survey
Authors: Choudhary Mangi Lal , Joshi Poonam , Murry Levis , Malhotra Sumit , Shankar Jeeva 
Published: December 2020

Background: Home based new-born care (HBNC) is a strategy implemented by the Government of India to overcome the problem of new-born deaths and reach the unreached new-borns in the community. Aim was to assess the knowledge and skills of ASHA workers and factors influencing the skills.Methods: In an observational study, a total of 48 accredited social health activists (ASHA) working under a primary health centre (PHC) were enrolled using a total enumeration sampling technique. A self-developed, pre-tested and validated tool based on home based new-born care was used for data collection.Results: Mean knowledge and skill scores of ASHA workers were 16.4±4.2 and 27.7±4.3 respectively. Nearly half of the ASHA workers had average knowledge, while two-thirds had good skills towards HBNC. Most of ASHA workers had shown good skills in measuring the temperature of new-borns, handwashing and count the respiration correctly, while less than 40% of ASHA workers performed weight recording correctly. Knowledge and overall skill scores of ASHA workers were positively correlated (r=0.58, p<0.001). Statistically significant associations were observed between the overall skills scores of ASHA workers and educational status, working experience and the last training attended on HBNC (p=0.001).Conclusions: Most of the ASHA workers had exhibited good skills, but were lacking scientific knowledge related to HBNC. There is need for having periodic re-orientation training for facilitating application of scientific knowledge to HBNC.
Acceptance and determinants of indoor residual spraying in two blocks of Tripura: using LQAS technique
Authors: Debnath Sankha Subhra , Baidya Subrata , Das Rituparna , Deb Durba 
Published: December 2020

Background: Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) with insecticide (DDT) is one of the most important component of integrated vector management for malaria prevention. Though, NVBDCP targets at least 80% coverage at high risk malaria zone by effective protective measures (eg. IRS) by 2017, but the real coverage is however limited, due to low community acceptance and several other factors. Objectives were to assess the IRS coverage in two blocks of Tripura and to study the factors influencing IRS acceptance.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 600 households of all 30 sub centres of two blocks of Sepahijala district of Tripura 2015 to 2017 using LQAS technique. Head of the families were interviewed to collect information regarding IRS. Data analysis was done in SPSS 20.0. Statistical analysis used Chi square test was applied to assess the association between different variables. P-value (<0.05) was considered as statistically significant.Results: IRS coverage and acceptance were 61.7% and 75.05% respectively. The factors influencing IRS acceptance were Age of the Head of the family p 0.015, Religion p 0.011, Education p 0.04, Occupation p 0.018, type of Community p.0.000, House type p 0.000, By LQAS analysis, 9 out of 30 lots were accepted for having target coverage of IRS (80%).Conclusions: IRS coverage was lower than the NVBDCP target of 80 % coverage. Sound programmatic management strategy along with IEC, BCC is needed to scale up the coverage.
The level of residue of pesticides in vegetables by GC-MS, health risk and the negligence in implementation of policies, India
Authors: Khan Azra , Srivastava J. P. , Bose Dipak Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Background: Over the past years there has been an increase in the use of pesticides in vegetable farming developing countries. This study describes over spraying pesticide use among small-scale farmers in Jasra block of Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh.Methods: The purpose of this study was proposed to determine the pesticide residual level in 120 vegetable samples like brinjal, lady finger, tomato, chili, cabbage analysed by (GC-MS) gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry technique. Assessing the health risk due to the daily consumption of contaminated vegetables Jasra block of Allahabad district.Results: Samples were contaminated with organophosphorus group namely chlorpyriphos in bringal 1.215 mg/kg, and less carbamate (carbaryl) from 0.025 mg/kg, ladyfinger with the concentration of chlorpyriphos 0.418 mg/kg carbaryl 0.092 with very less residue of dichlorvos 0.005, green chilli with the concentration of chloropyriphos 1.507 mg/kg. Carbaryl 0.033 mg/kg, tomato with the concentration of chlorpyriphos 1.631mg/kg followed by less carbaryl 0.026 mg/kg, malathione, 1.890 mg/kg followed by cabbage with the concentration of chlorphyriphos 1.907 mg/kg. And less carbaryl concentration was recorded 0.064 mg/kg.Conclusions: Five vegetable with pesticides residues, exceeding the maximum residue level (MRL) recommended by FSSAI, FAO/WHO. Farmers over spraying methods leads to acute diseases like respiratory tract infection, extreme weakness, and longer use pesticides exposure leads to chronic diseases like asthma, anxiety, depression, cancer, leukemia, allergies, nausea, vomiting, headache, blur vision, skin itching etc.to minimize the risk of diseases policy making and farmer protection standard and proper handling techniques, trained professionals to improve health safety.
Interpreting Kaplan Meier’s survival curve in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review
Authors: Tapnikar Lata Ajay , Patil Sneha , Nyse Jaydeep 
Published: December 2020

Covid 19 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease in 2019-2020; was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11th March 2020. The article aims to interpret the functionality of Kaplan Meier’s survival curve used in various study designs. The search strategy and selection of published works in the MEDLINE database from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) was used to identify original journal articles published in English from March 1, 2020 to September 11, 2020. The search strings in title/abstract were ‘COVID-19’ or ‘coronavirus’ or and ‘Kaplan Meier curve’ that yielded 225 articles. Finally only 28 articles were reviewed. These were clinical trials (N=1), and retrospective (N=10) and prospective (N=1) observational studies (N=2), case control study (N=1) retrospective cohort study (N=6), medical record based study (N=3), observational studies (N=2), not specified (N=1), diagnostic test (N=1). 88% of articles were from China. Kaplan Meier’s curve was depicted in all the studies and 17 were found to be highly significant for KM curve, 2 were found significant as 6 were found to be non significant and in 3 no mention of significance of p value was given. It was concluded that it is the first systematic review to date related to interpreting Kaplan Meier’s survival curve in patients with COVID-19. The graph has been used singularly, in multiples and cumulatively, thus giving visual assessment which enhances the interpretation of results for survival analysis, failure to time and time to event plots. It is not only used in RCT study designs but a range of observational and retrospective studies.
Relationship between Self-efficacy and Mental Health with Health Literacy in Patients with Diabetes in Kazerun City, Fars, Iran
Authors: Sohrabi Renani Mohammad Taghi , Nourafkan Fahimeh , Fathimard Fariba , Sadegheyan khashoei Kaveh , Mazarei Roghayeh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Since diabetes is a complex network of psychological and healthcare factors, this paper aims to investigate the relation between type 2 diabetes and mental health
Method: This study was analytical cross-sectional research on 60 diabetic patients referring to Kazerun health care centers, southwest of Iran, in 2018. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Demographic Profile Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Health Literacy Questionnaire (HELA), and Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF). Data analysis was performed in APSS v21 and from descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation and using the statistical tests of Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (P <0.01).
Results: Mental health has a significant positive relationship with health literacy (p <0.001). Thus, individuals with better mental health evaluate their level of health literacy better. However, no relationship was found between self-efficacy and health literacy(r= -0/19, p >0.001). Besides, regression results indicated that mental health can predict a 54% variance of health literacy (R2= 0.54, p <0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study shows that boosting an individual’s mental health leads to an increase in health awareness in patients afflicted with diabetes which after all, can cause a better coping capability in these people.
Social Support or Organizational Support: Which One Is More Predictive of Job Burnout in workers?
Authors: Servat Farokhlegha , Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed , Abbasi-Shavazi Masoumeh , Dehghani Ali 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Social and organizational supports are effective factors closely related to job burnout and Due to the limited studies in this area on Iranian workers, this study aims to determine the predictability of social support and organizational support in job burnout for workers in Yazd.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 textile workers in Yazd through stratified random sampling. The data were collected by the tools including demographic characteristics, questionnaires of social support, organizational support, and Maslach's job burnout. The data were analyzed by SPSS using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the multiple linear regression. The Significance level of tests was considered as p <0.05.
Results: There was a significant strong positive relationship between job burnout and emotional exhaustion (r = 0.88) .There was found a significant negative correlation between job burnout and social support (r =- 0.390), friend support (-0.401), family supoert (-0.218), important others support (- 0.283) (p <0.001 (. Multiple linear egression analysis showed that friends, the family, explained 17.8% of job burnout changes, and important people (R2=0.178, p<0.001) whereas support from friends was the strongest effective factor for job burnout (β= - 0.338, p <0.001). 35.9% of the changes in job burnout were explained by social and organizational support (R2= 0.359, p<0.001) with organizational support being the strongest effective factor on job burnout (β= - 0.472, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Given that organizational support was the most significant predictor of job burnout in workers, developing organizational intervention to increase support in workplace can be regarded as strategies to reduce or slow down job burnout among workers.
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on Balance Function and Physiological Cost Index in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Sadeh Mohammad Reza , Sharifatpour Reza 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Muscle weakness and balance problems are limiting factors in Multiple sclerosis patients that can be improved due to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on balance function and Physiological Cost Index in patients with MS in Yazd city in 1394.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two stages: pretest and post-test. The subjects were selected by targeted and available sampling and randomly divided into training and control groups that included 30 patients (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Subjects in the experimental group participated in an aerobic exercise program for eight weeks, three days a week, each session of 60-90 minutes with an intensity of 50-70% of maximum heart rate. For statistical analysis we used descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and the Shapiro-Wilk test used to measure the normality of the data, independent t-test and the covariance (ANCOVA). The significance level of the tests was p < 0.05 by using the SPSS-25 software.
Results: ANCOVA results revealed that the selected aerobic training significantly increased both static balance (p = 0.007) and dynamic balance (p = 0.001). Moreover, aerobic training positively influenced the physiological cost index (P = 0.001.
Conclusion: aerobic exercise can improve both static and dynamic balance and increase the Physiological Cost Index in M.S patients. Therefore, these exercises are recommended for patients with MS.
Determinants of the Public Environmental Issues and Concerns: A Case Study in Rafsanjan, Iran
Authors: Eslami Hadi , Khodadadi Hassan , Safari Arezoo , Rajabi Samaneh , Akhondi Mahdiyeh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the most important public environmental issues and concerns, the public knowledge about these issues, as well as the quality of environmental issues in Rafsanjan, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 384 people were randomly selected from Rafsanjan City and their public environmental issues and concerns were evaluated. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, with confirmed validity and reliability. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests using SPSS-18 software.
Results: The findings showed that the most important environmental concerns in Rafsanjan included water quality and quantity, pesticidesin agriculture, and air pollution, respectively.However, the quality of drinking water and water resources were not appropriate from the public’s view point.The mean score of environmental knowledge and environmental issues’ quality level were 5.91 ± 2.53 and 36.07 ± 7.21, respectively. Knowledge level and environmental quality level had a statistically significant relationship with education, occupation, and level of using public transportation (P <0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that improving the quality of drinking water, promoting the farmer’s knowledge and behavior about application of pesticides, as well as monitoring and controlling air pollution were among the most important needs and demands of Rafsanjan citizens. So, authorities should consider these issues attentively.
A Relação entre Internacionalização e Inovação nas Multinacionais de Países Emergentes
Authors: Bansi Ana Claudia , De Andrade Alisson Maxwell Ferreira , Galina Simone Vasconcelos 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o grau de internacionalização, a intensidade de P&D (IP&D) e a geração de patentes nas empresas multinacionais (EMNs) dos BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China, África do Sul).Método: A amostra do estudo corresponde a 219 EMNs dos BRICS, cujos dados foram obtidos de 2002 a 2010 a partir de duas bases de dados: Thomson One Datastream e Compustat Data. Análises foram feitas por regressão múltipla.Principais resultados: Os resultados encontrados foram (i) EMNs mais internacionalizadas são as que mais investem em P&D; (ii) IP&D impacta positivamente na solicitação de patentes; (iii) a internacionalização aumenta o IP&D, que por sua vez aumenta patentes. Os resultados diferem pelo tamanho das empresas, sendo os impactos da internacionalização na inovação maiores nas empresas menores, e o impacto do IP&D na geração de patentes maior nas empresas maiores.Relevância/originalidade: Das várias formas de relação entre inovação e internacionalização a evidência de obtenção de conhecimento a partir da internacionalização é relativamente recente e, portanto, o impacto da internacionalização sobre a inovação tem sido foco de pesquisas mais atuais. Contudo, grande parte dos trabalhos focam em um só país, principalmente os países desenvolvidos. Portanto, é de grande relevância estudar este tema em países em desenvolvimento.Contribuições teóricas: Este estudo contribui para avançar a literatura na área de internacionalização mostrando empiricamente, que, assim como nos países desenvolvidos, nos BRICS a internacionalização tem efeito positivo na inovação.Contribuições para gestão: Mostra a necessidade de utilizar estratégia de expansão internacional como ferramenta para ampliar sua capacidade de investimento em inovação.
Anatomia da Corrupção Transnacional: Desvendando as Teias e Trilhas do Dinheiro Sujo em Negócios Legítimos
Authors: Oliveira Cintia Rodrigues de , Nascimento Isabella Chaves do 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Examinar a corrupção transnacional a partir de observações empíricas coletadas do setor bancário, mais especificamente, de um dos maiores bancos internacionais, o HSBC.
Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo documental, com a análise de reportagens, dos últimos dez anos, sobre casos de corrupção envolvendo um dos maiores bancos internacionais do mundo. Utilizou-se a codificação aberta pelo modelo temático.
Principais resultados - Os resultados apontam para as trilhas da corrupção, as redes de atores e envolvidos, e os esquemas de corrupção.
Relevância/originalidade – A corrupção é um tema atual e relevante, porém, a maioria das análises consideram o lado da demanda, e não o da oferta na equação da corrupção global. Além disso, esta pesquisa aborda a corrupção como um fenômeno transnacional e não local.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Necessário – Este estudo contribui pela abordagem teórico-metodológica, pois aborda um fenômeno em um contexto internacional, cujo acesso a dados consiste em um obstáculo, pois é improvável que esquemas e operações entre funcionários corruptos sejam passíveis de exibição pública, a menos que os casos sejam expostos na imprensa ou estejam sob investigação.
Contribuições sociais / para a gestão (opcional): A pesquisa contribui para que gestores de companhias com alcance local e internacional, tenham entendimento mais amplo das consequências do envolvimento em operações e ligações perigosas.
Mandibular and Sublingual Sialoadenectomy to Treat Cervical Sialocele in Dogs
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Sangwan Vandana , Devi N. Umeshwori , Deshmukh Siddharath 
Published: December 2020

Background: Cervical sialocele is one of the most common type of mucoceles. It results from continuous leakage of saliva from the injured duct and/or gland and it is characterized by a gradually growing, fluctuating and painless swelling in the inter-mandibular region or ventrally along the proximal cervical region. Aspiration and drainage are usually inadequate treatments; therefore, surgical ablation of the affected glands along with duct is recommended. Scanty literature on the occurrence and surgical management of cervical sialcocele is traceable in Indian conditions. This clinical study describes mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy to treat idiopathic cervical sialocele in dogs. Methods: This clinical study included seven cases of cervical sialocele in adult dogs. Five cases had unilateral while in two it appeared bilateral. The condition was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical and cytological findings. Unilateral or bilateral sialoadenectomy of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands, using lateral surgical approach, was done under general anaesthesia. Result: Lateral surgical approach was found adequate without any intra-operative complications. Histopathology of the resected glands showed normal architecture suggesting possibility of physical trauma as an etiology. All cases recovered uneventfully with no recurrence on the same or contralateral side on follow up of 1 year. This clinical study demonstrated that unilateral or bilateral mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy using lateral surgical approach may be done safely for the successful management of cervical sialocele in dogs.
Molecular Cloning, Primary Sequence Characterization and Phylogentic Analysis of Cathepsin B cysteine from Sheep (Ovis aries) Ovarian
Authors: Liu Aiju , Liu Menghe , Qi Xin , Ma Xiaofei , Huang Heling , Zhang Limeng , Tian Shujun 
Published: December 2020

Background: CathepsinB (CTSB) is a lysosomal cysteine protease which has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. However, the sequence and structure characteristics of sheep CTSB gene are still unclear, which severely restricts the further study about genetic variation, molecular evolution. Methods: Therefore the coding sequence (CDS) of sheep CTSB gene from ovary was cloned by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) amplification and regular sequencing technology. The characteristics of nucleotide and amino acid sequence of CTSB gene were analyzed through bioinformatics and the phylogenetic tree was constructed employing the Bayesian inference based on amino acid sequence of different species in this study. Result: A complete coding sequence of 1008 bp of CTSB was obtained from ovary, which encoded 335 amino acids. Functional prediction of CTSB protein suggested that containing five conserved sequence motif sites in which the site of amino acids between 158 and 205 was the most conserved region. Secondary structure analysis showed that á-helices were the major structure at the N-terminus, while random coils were the major structure at the C-terminus. Additionally, the motif II in the random coils, in which two active sites of His278 and Asn298 were located therein, was more conserved. The high similarity of CTSB amino acids alignment between sheep and other species recommended that CTSB was highly conservative in the evolutionary process.
Modulation of Performance Index, Glucose and Cholesterol Level in Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Different Supplements
Authors: Chauhan S.S. , Sharma R.K. , Kumar A. , Shukla S.K. , Palod J. , Singh M.K. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The present study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion of various feed supplements and their combination on the performance index, glucose and serum cholesterol for 6 weeks. Methods: Day-old broiler chicks (n=252) were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups, each with 3 replicates. The first treatment was designated as control (T0) in which no supplement was added to the feed, while in treatments T1; organic mineral mixture (Organomin forte), T2; organic mineral mixture (Vannamin), T3; probiotics (Microguard), T4; enzyme (Brozyme -XPR) and probiotics, T5; emulsifier (Lipigon) were provided through feed. In the T6 group, 3 percent less energy was given through feed. Result: Significant improvement (p less than 0.05) was observed in performance index and HDL cholesterol and significant (P less than 0.05) decline in the glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in broilers under supplementary groups as compared to control groups. The results of the present study indicated that it is possible to produce lean meat to an extent by manipulating diets which lead to better performance index of broilers during the overall period, which led to the release of more nutrients which helped in absorption, assimilation and utilization.