bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Museomics Sheds Light on Evolutionary Diversity in a Critically Endangered Cockatoo Species From Wallacea
Authors: Andersson Astrid A. , Sands Arthur F. , Reid Kerry , Hains Taylor , Momigliano Paolo , Lee Jessica G. H. , Lee Geraldine , Rheindt Frank E. , Merilä Juha , Dingle Caroline 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate identification of evolutionarily significant units of rare and threatened organisms provides a foundation for effective management and conservation. Up to seven subspecies of the critically endangered Yellow‐crested Cockatoo (Cacatua sulphurea) have been described, four of which were commonly recognised pre‐2014. In the absence of genotypic data, C. sulphurea subspecies delimitation has been based on morphology, behaviour and biogeography. To clarify genetic relationships and shed light on the diversification of this parrot radiation, whole genomes were sequenced for 16 museum specimens, covering the geographic range of the proposed seven subspecies as well as one C. galerita galerita. Combined with four museum‐derived wild Cacatua sequences from NCBI, the results indicate there are three distinct C. sulphurea subspecies clusters centred in different biogeographic subregions of Wallacea (Timor; Sumba; as well as the Sulawesi Region and the main Lesser Sunda chain), separated by shallow genetic distances (da < 0.148%). The results raise questions about the recent species‐level elevation of the phenotypically most distinct subspecies, C. s. citrinocristata, and about the origins of C. s. abbotti, the only subspecies west of Wallace's Line. Our analyses suggest C. s. abbotti is unlikely to be embedded within C. sulphurea, suggesting its origin on the remote Masalembu islands may be due to human translocation via historical trade routes. These genomic results inform the prioritisation and streamlining of conservation measures for the critically endangered C. sulphurea by identifying and delimiting likely conservation units.
Both Structural Variant and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Load Impact Lifetime Fitness in a Threatened Bird Species
Authors: Stuart Katarina C. , Tan Hui Zhen , Whibley Annabel , Bailey Sarah , Brekke Patricia , Ewen John G. , Patel Selina , Santure Anna W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe field of conservation genomics is becoming increasingly interested in whether, and how, structural variant (SV) genotype information can be leveraged in the management of threatened species. The functional consequences of SVs are more complex than for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as SVs typically impact a larger proportion of the genome due to their size and thus may be more likely to contribute to load. While the impacts of SV‐specific genetic load may be less consequential for large populations, the interplay between weakened selection and stochastic processes means that smaller populations, such as those of the threatened Aotearoa hihi/New Zealand stitchbird (Notiomystis cincta), may harbour a high SV load. Hihi were once confined to a single remnant population, but have been reestablished into six sanctuaries and reserves, often via secondary bottlenecks, resulting in low genetic diversity, low adaptive potential, and inbreeding depression. In this study, we use whole genome resequencing of 30 individuals from the Tiritiri Matangi population to identify the nature and distribution of both SNPs and SVs within this small avian population. We find that SNP and SV individual mutation load is only moderately correlated, likely because SVs arise in regions of high recombination and that are less evolutionarily conserved. Finally, we leverage a long‐term monitoring dataset of pedigree and fitness data to assess the impact of SNP and SV mutation loads on individual fitness, and find that SNP and SV realised load had similar negative correlations with lifetime fitness. However, of the masked load metrics, only SVs had a positive significant correlation with lifetime fitness, indicating that masking of deleterious alleles may be more important for SVs than for SNPs. The results of this study indicate that only examining SNPs neglects important aspects of intra‐specific variation and that studying SVs has direct implications for linking genetic diversity and genomic health to inform management decisions.
Development of Intragenic InDel Markers From RNA‐Seq Data for Map‐Based Cloning and Marker‐Assisted Selection in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Yang Sijia , Liu Zhiqin , Liang Ting , Wu Junle , Mi Hang , Bao Ruifan , Meng Pengxu , Ni Jixing , Wang Xueying , Deng Wujiao , Wu Haimei , Yang Jinchang , Rong Tingzhao , Liu Jian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMaize is one of the most extensively grown and produced crops in the world. Functional molecular markers (FMM) are essential tools for enhancing the efficiency of both breeding and basic research. The transcriptome obtained from high‐throughput sequencing is a valuable resource for developing FMM. In this study, we precisely identified high‐density and highly polymorphic RNA‐derived InDel markers from 368 high‐quality, high read depth maize RNA‐seq datasets using stringent criteria. The nonredundant marker dataset comprised 13,904 InDel markers with a Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ≥ 0.5 and a principal allelic difference (length difference between the most and second most frequent alleles) ≥ 3 bp, covering 7749 genes. Subsequently, the polymorphism of InDel markers was verified experimentally. Fifty InDel markers were randomly selected, and their average PIC values in 20 maize inbred lines selected from 368 RNA‐seq samples and 20 newly selected maize inbred lines were 0.53 and 0.54, with range intervals of 0.18 to 0.77 and 0.22 to 0.74, respectively. The high density and polymorphism of RNA‐derived InDel markers identified in this study make them effective tools for maize gene cloning, genetic diversity studies, genome‐wide association analysis, and marker‐assisted selection.
From Venous to Arterial Blood in the Same Tunneled Dialysis Catheter After Starting a Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Becquet Amandine , Hermet Pierre Louis , Bertrand Dominique , Verbecke Amandine , Grall Maximilien , Girault Christophe , Nicolas Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTunneled dialysis catheter is the alternative for dialysis patients who cannot benefit from an arteriovenous fistula. The insertion of such catheters is usually ultrasound‐guided to prevent complications. A 36‐year old patient had an unexpected complication following the insertion of a right femoral tunneled dialysis catheter: Although the blood collected from the catheter was venous after insertion, the blood turned arterial few minutes after initiating a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). It became venous again after stopping the therapy. The first, yet unlikely hypothesis, was an arterial location of the catheter. In fact, it turned out not to be. We describe the management of such a case.
Disparities in Access to Valganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in High‐Risk African American Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: Bethi Shipra R. , Taber David J. , Andrade Erika , Mesmar Zaid M. , Calimlim Isabel , Harris Courtney E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile access and outcomes disparities for African American (AA) kidney transplant recipients are documented, there are limited studies assessing medication access disparities in transplantation. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes severe complications for transplant recipients, and we aimed to understand differences in access to CMV prophylaxis valganciclovir and its impact on CMV infection rates in AA transplant recipients.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective longitudinal cohort study examined high‐risk (CMV serostatus D+/R−) adult kidney transplant recipients between June 1, 2010, and May 31, 202, through EMR abstraction. Standard univariate comparative statistics were employed alongside binary logistic regression for multivariable modeling.ResultsDuring the 10 year period, 418 kidney transplant recipients were included, with 179 (42.8%) identified as AA and 239 as non‐AA. There were significant differences in mean age (p = 0.001) and private versus Medicaid insurance status (p < 0.001). AAs experienced higher death‐censored graft loss rates (10.6% AA vs. 5.0% non‐AA, p = 0.031). CMV infection rate, opportunistic infection rate, leukopenia incidence, and death did not differ significantly between AA and non‐AA patients. AA patients were 42% less likely to receive valganciclovir out‐of‐pocket cost assistance compared to non‐AA patients (OR 0.58, [0.379–0.892], p = 0.013). When incorporating age, Medicaid status, and donor marginality in a multivariable model, the impact of AA race on utilizing assistance programs became statistically non‐significant (OR 0.70, [0.448–1.094], p = 0.118).ConclusionsAAs were significantly less likely to leverage assistance programs or utilize personal resources to access valganciclovir. This disparity was partially explained by age, insurance status, and donor type. Despite this, CMV infection rates were similar between AA and non‐AA cohorts.
Exchange Rate Pass‐Through in Asia: Assessing the Relevance of the Inflation Targeting Framework
Authors: Naqvi Bushra , Rizvi Syed Kumail Abbas , Mirza Nawazish , Kazi Irfan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to quantify a possible link between exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) and inflation targeting framework (IT) while focusing on four Asian economies which have adopted IT during the period of 1990–2010 against a control group of non‐inflation targeters. By deploying a structural VAR model with non‐recursive contemporaneous restrictions imposed on covariance matrix, we identify the impulse response of domestic inflation to the shocks of exchange rate and world commodity prices. The empirical evidence suggests that ERPT is absent in Asian IT and non‐IT economies since 1990s. The adoption of IT has not led to change in ERPT for the group of IT economies compared to their own pre‐targeting period and the experiences of non‐targeters after 2000s which is accepted as the average adoption date. It has been found, however, that the movement in domestic inflation is predominantly explained by world commodity prices in the past and not by the depreciation of local currency in these economies.
Undergraduate setup for measuring the Bell inequalities and performing quantum state tomography
Authors: Lahoz Sanz Raul , Lozano Martín Lidia , Brú i Cortés Adrià , Duocastella Martí , Gomez Jose M. , Juliá-Díaz Bruno 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe growth of quantum technologies is attracting the interest of many students eager to learn concepts such as quantum entanglement or quantum superposition. However, the non-intuitive nature of these concepts poses a challenge to understanding them. Here, we present an entangled photon system which can perform a Bell test, i.e. the CHSH inequality, and can obtain the complete tomography of the two-photon state. The proposed setup is versatile, cost-effective and allows for multiple classroom operating modes. We present two variants, both facilitating the measurement of Bell inequalities and quantum state tomography. Experimental results showcase successful manipulation of the quantum state of the photons, achieving high-fidelity entangled states and significant violations of Bell’s inequalities. Our setup’s simplicity and affordability enhances accessibility for less specialized laboratories, allowing students to familiarize themselves with quantum physics concepts.
The Curious Case of the Islamic Journeymen: Questions and Texts toward a Comparative Study of Guilds
Authors: Beilinson Orel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nearly a century after Bernard Lewis’ seminal article, much about craft guilds in Islamic societies remains unknown. Even less is known about journeymen, a stratum of hired workers who were neither apprentices nor master craftsmen. European thought and historiography—especially Marxism, under whose influence much of the works on guilds were written—ascribed to them an essential role in the history of labor and politics. In the Middle East, it is unclear whether such a position existed, when it emerged, whether it was imported, and under what conditions. When journeymen do seem to appear in the sources, it is still difficult to say whether they matched their Western European equivalents in conditions, demographics, aspirations, and political potential. These questions are crucial for comparing guilds, social structures, and life courses across time and space. At the heart of this dossier are six texts, which are also reproduced here in translation. These sources—a contemporary description and five works of historical scholarship written in Arabic, Serbian, Russian, Albanian, and Georgian—remain fundamental studies of guilds in the Middle East, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. The translations thus provide access to non-Anglophone scholarship. The accompanying article analyzes the historiography and puts these sources under scrutiny. It shows the limitations of imposing European models on Islamic guilds, including misinterpretations. Analyzing and contextualizing these interpretations reveals dynamics worth exploring, raises new questions, and revives old debates abandoned prematurely. These include the relationship between religious and craft associations, the management of young and mobile men, and the logic of industrial development in Europe, the Islamic World, and beyond.
Edible insects as a futuristic fiber resource: unlocking the potential of ‘entomofibers’ (chitin and chitosan) from North-Eastern India
Authors: Chakravorty J. , Bhadra P. , Moyong M. , Borah S. , Newar R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in human health and wellbeing. Although plants are usually considered to be the major source of dietary fibers for human consumption, insects have also been reported to contain fiber as one of the macronutrients suitable for human diet. Insect consumption is an ancient dietary practice that has existed since the Paleolithic era. Insects are known to be protein-rich food, but insect-fiber has not received as much attention as insect-protein till date. Therefore, the present study made an attempt to comprehensively review the fiber content of edible insects across the world in general and northeastern India in particular, based on published information. Chitin, a key constituent of insect exoskeleton, is structurally analogous to cellulose, which is often termed as ‘plant fiber.’ In this review, chitin and its derivative chitosan, along with some other polysaccharides have been referred as entomofibers and primary focus has been given to chitin and chitosan as the major components of crude fiber found in edible insects. The fiber content of most preferred edible insects from North East India and the insects raised for commercialization were compared with fiber content of conventional food sources. Upon analyzing the data, it could be concluded that edible insects offer an exceptional, viable, and sustainable source of dietary fiber, surpassing many conventional, plant-based fiber sources in terms of nutritional value and environmental sustainability. Thus, selective edible insects can be promoted as a source of “ecofiber/entomofiber” apart from edible insects designated as “ecoprotein” sources to address various health issues including constipation, diabetes, dysbiosis, obesity etc.
The Origins of the Printer Battista Torti in Ovid’s Fasti
Authors: Manelli Edoardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article highlights the origins of the law printer Battista Torti, who was active in Venice from 1481 to 1540. After a brief introduction describing the peculiarities of his career and his books, specific attention will be given to the colophon to his edition of Ovid’s Fasti (BAV, Inc. II.345; Stamp. Ferr. II.672). This colophon is unique, because for the first and last time Torti mentioned the name of what is considered to be his birthplace, Nicastro—now Lamezia Terme—a city in Calabria, southern Italy. However, there are clues, especially in a contract dated 1489, that permit a reconsideration of his origins.
On secondary recycling of high-density polyethylene with reinforcement of stubble powder by a material extrusion process for construction applications
Authors: Kumar Ranvijay , Singh Rupinder , Kumar Vinay , Ranjan Nishant 
Published: December 2024

In the past two decades, several studies have been reported using agricultural waste as reinforcement in thermoplastic matrices for lightweight and tunable mechanical properties. However, the recycling of thermoplastic with reinforcement of agricultural waste has constraints in the form of the volume of recycled material to support the concept of a circular economy. One of the solutions for bulk consumption of such agricultural and thermoplastic waste is its use in construction applications. In the present study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) was secondary (2°) recycled by reinforcement of stubble waste powder (SWP) through the material extrusion (MEX) process for possible applications in the construction industry. The melt flow index (MFI) investigation suggested the maximum loading of 15% SWP with the recycled HDPE matrix in the present case study. Further, the filament was prepared by using the design of experiment (DoE) with input parameters (heat treatment (pre-heat treatment (PreHT) and post-heat treatment (PostHT), barrel temperature (170–180°C) and screw speed (3–5 RPM) on single screw extruder). The results suggest that the combination of PreHT, 170°C-barrel temperature and 4 RPM screws speed resulted in a maximum Young’s modulus (E) of 1386.57 MPa. The PreHT has promoted the recrystallization of the HDPE-SWP blend, which has significantly increased E. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveals that the HDPE-SWP composite was more thermally stable after each thermal cycle. In addition, the results of this study were also supported and correlated with the observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface profiling and 3D printability with MEX.
An In-depth Review of the Off-label Use of Apremilast in Dermatology
Authors: Bubna Aditya Kumar , Viplav Vinayak 
Published: December 2024

Background Apremilast is a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor approved by the US-Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) for the management of adult patients with plaque psoriasis (who are candidates for phototherapy/systemic therapy), moderate-to-severely active psoriatic arthritis and Behcet’s disease associated with oral ulcers. Purpose This review aims to summarize the current evidence for the off-label use of apremilast in various dermatological disorders. Methods A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted using databases like PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase. Studies investigating the use of apremilast for dermatological conditions beyond its approved indications were included. Results The use of apremilast has been outlined in a number of reports for inflammatory dermatoses. Randomized controlled trials showed promise for atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa and vitiligo. Open-label trials suggested potential benefit in cutaneous sarcoidosis, discoid lupus erythematosus, rosacea and lichen planus. Conclusion Apremilast can be considered a valid therapeutic option for a range of inflammatory dermatological conditions beyond its approved uses. Further, owing to lack of immunosuppression, apremilast delineates an added advantage when compared to the usual immunosuppressive drugs used by dermatologists. However, stronger evidence from well-designed clinical trials is needed to establish its role in these aforementioned disorders.
Factors associated with gender specific adolescent presentations to the emergency department for suicide risk behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gingoyon Argie , Schumacher Anett , Lo Ronda F , Mahesh Hemantika , Wilkinson Logan , Segovia Alicia , Finkelstein Yaron , Korczak Daphne J 
Published: December 2024

Background Adolescent presentations to the emergency department (ED) for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTBs) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gender expansive youth were particularly impacted by the loss of gender-specific services, however, data examining ED pandemic presentations of gender expansive youth for SRTBs are scarce. Methods Data were collected at a tertiary care center in Canada. Adolescents aged 12 to 17 presenting with SRTBs were recruited during two periods: March 2018 - March 2020 (pre-pandemic) and March 2021 - May 2023 (during pandemic). Patient demographics, mental health symptoms, and pre-ED visit healthcare utilization were examined. Results We identified 202 adolescents (70 pre-pandemic; 132 during pandemic), with a mean age of 14.3 years. Compared with pre-pandemic, during pandemic adolescents were more likely to identify as gender expansive [pre: 5.7% versus during: 24.2%; p = .01] and were of European descent [pre: 28.6% versus during: 59.1%; p < .01]. During the pandemic, gender expansive adolescents, on average, exhibited higher suicidal ideation, measured by Suicide Ideation Questionnaire Junior scores, compared with cisgender adolescents [gender expansive: mean = 64.3 (standard deviation = 12.1) versus cisgender participants: mean = 58.0 (standard deviation = 14.5); p = .03]. There were no differences in demographics, healthcare utilization, depression or anxiety symptom severity between gender expansive and cisgender adolescents. Conclusions Adolescents presenting to the ED with SRTBs during the pandemic were more likely to identify as gender expansive than those presenting pre-pandemic. Gender expansive adolescents exhibited increased suicidal ideation compared to cisgender adolescents during the pandemic.
Time to Amputation After Traumatic Digital Injury Does Not Affect Complication Rates: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Analysis
Authors: Ash Makenna , Wang Jennifer , Menon Ambika , Brown Ciara , Ghareeb Paul 
Published: December 2024

Background: Revisionary digital amputations are often performed after partial or full traumatic digital amputation to minimize complications while preserving as much length and functionality as possible. Many surgeons attempt revisionary procedures swiftly after initial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time from injury to surgery on rate of complications and reoperation in revisionary traumatic digital amputations. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing revisionary digital amputation for initial traumatic amputation at a single hospital from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2021. Demographics, comorbidities, surgical details, complications, and time from injury to surgery were collected. Five-factor modified fragility index scores were also computed for each patient. Primary outcomes of interest included complications and need for additional procedures. Secondary outcomes of interest included development of neuroma, phantom limb, and referral to a long-term pain specialist. Results: A total of 97 patients were identified as meeting all inclusion criteria. The average time to surgery was 14.4 days. Body mass index, comorbidities, and time to surgery were not associated with increased risk of complication. Increasing time to surgery was not significantly associated with increased risk of complications, development of neuroma, phantom limb, or a referral to long-term pain service. The only factors which were significantly associated with reoperation were absence of diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: Increasing time to surgery after initial injury was not significantly associated with increased risk of complications or reoperation. Surgeons should consider this when assessing urgency of surgery in patients after traumatic digital amputation.