bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DoseGAN: a generative adversarial network for synthetic dose prediction using attention-gated discrimination and generation
Authors: Kearney Vasant , Chan Jason W. , Wang Tianqi , Perry Alan , Descovich Martina , Morin Olivier , Yom Sue S. , Solberg Timothy D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeep learning algorithms have recently been developed that utilize patient anatomy and raw imaging information to predict radiation dose, as a means to increase treatment planning efficiency and improve radiotherapy plan quality. Current state-of-the-art techniques rely on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that use pixel-to-pixel loss to update network parameters. However, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) dose is often heterogeneous, making it difficult to model using pixel-level loss. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) utilize adversarial learning that incorporates image-level loss and is better suited to learn from heterogeneous labels. However, GANs are difficult to train and rely on compromised architectures to facilitate convergence. This study suggests an attention-gated generative adversarial network (DoseGAN) to improve learning, increase model complexity, and reduce network redundancy by focusing on relevant anatomy. DoseGAN was compared to alternative state-of-the-art dose prediction algorithms using heterogeneity index, conformity index, and various dosimetric parameters. All algorithms were trained, validated, and tested using 141 prostate SBRT patients. DoseGAN was able to predict more realistic volumetric dosimetry compared to all other algorithms and achieved statistically significant improvement compared to all alternative algorithms for the V100 and V120 of the PTV, V60 of the rectum, and heterogeneity index.
Critical thresholds of 1-Octen-3-ol shape inter-species Aspergillus interactions modulating the growth and secondary metabolism
Authors: Singh Digar , Son Su Young , Lee Choong Hwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn fungi, contactless interactions are mediated via the exchange of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As these pair-wise interactions are fundamental to complex ecosystem, we examined the effects of inter-species VOCs trade-offs in Aspergillus flavus development. First, we exposed A. flavus to the A. oryzae volatilome (Treatment-1) with highest relative abundance of 1-Octen-3-ol (~ 4.53 folds) among the C-8 VOCs. Further, we examined the effects of gradient titers of 1-Octen-3-ol (Treatment-2: 100–400 ppm/day) in a range that elicits natural interactions. On 7-day, VOC-treated A. flavus displayed significantly reduced growth and sclerotial counts (p < 0.01) coupled with higher conidial density (T2100-200 ppm/day, p < 0.01) and α-amylase secretion (T2200 ppm/day, p < 0.01), compared to the untreated sets. Similar phenotypic trends except for α-amylases were evident for 9-day incubated A. flavus in T2. The corresponding metabolomics data displayed a clustered pattern of secondary metabolite profiles for VOC-treated A. flavus (PC1-18.03%; PC2-10.67%). Notably, a higher relative abundance of aflatoxin B1 with lower levels of most anthraquinones, indole-terpenoids, and oxylipins was evident in VOC-treated A. flavus. The observed correlations among the VOC-treatments, phenotypes, and altered metabolomes altogether suggest that the distant exposure to the gradient titers of 1-Octen-3-ol elicits an attenuated developmental response in A. flavus characterized by heightened virulence.
Irradiation dependent inflammatory response may enhance satellite cell engraftment
Authors: Doreste Bruno , Torelli Silvia , Morgan Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle stem (satellite) cells transplanted into host mouse muscles contribute to muscle regeneration. Irradiation of host muscle enhances donor stem cell engraftment by promoting the proliferation of transplanted donor cells. We hypothesised that, similar to other systems, cells damaged by radiation might be effecting this donor cell proliferation. But we found no difference in the percentage of dying (TUNEL+) cells in immunodeficient dystrophic mouse muscles at the times after the irradiation dose that enhances donor cell engraftment. Similarly, irradiation did not significantly increase the number of TUNEL+ cells in non-dystrophic immunodeficient mouse muscles and it only slightly enhanced donor satellite cell engraftment in this mouse strain, suggesting either that the effector cells are present in greater numbers within dystrophic muscle, or that an innate immune response is required for effective donor cell engraftment. Donor cell engraftment within non-irradiated dystrophic host mouse muscles was not enhanced if they were transplanted with either satellite cells, or myofibres, derived from irradiated dystrophic mouse muscle. But a mixture of cells from irradiated muscle transplanted with donor satellite cells promoted donor cell engraftment in a few instances, suggesting that a rare, yet to be identified, cell type within irradiated dystrophic muscle enhances the donor stem cell-mediated regeneration. The mechanism by which cells within irradiated host muscle promote donor cell engraftment remains elusive.
Vitamin B12 deficiency and altered one-carbon metabolites in early pregnancy is associated with maternal obesity and dyslipidaemia
Authors: Adaikalakoteswari Antonysunil , Wood Catherine , Mina Theresia H. , Webster Craig , Goljan Ilona , Weldeselassie Yonas , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Saravanan Ponnusamy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVitamin B12 (B12) is a micronutrient essential for one-carbon (1C) metabolism. B12 deficiency disturbs the 1C cycle and alters DNA methylation which is vital for most metabolic processes. Studies show that B12 deficiency may be associated with obesity, insulin resistance and gestational diabetes; and with obesity in child-bearing women. We therefore hypothesised that the associations between B12 deficiency, BMI and the metabolic risk could be mediated through altered 1C metabolites in early pregnancy. We explored these associations in two different early pregnancy cohorts in the UK (cohort 1; n = 244 and cohort 2; n = 60) with anthropometric data at 10–12 weeks and plasma/serum sampling at 16–18 weeks. B12, folate, total homocysteine (tHcy), methionine, MMA, metabolites of 1C metabolism (SAM, SAH) and anthropometry were measured. B12 deficiency (< 150 pmol/l) in early pregnancy was 23% in cohort 1 and 18% in cohort 2. Regression analysis after adjusting for likely confounders showed that B12 was independently and negatively associated with BMI (Cohort 1: β = − 0.260, 95% CI (− 0.440, − 0.079), p = 0.005, Cohort 2: (β = − 0.220, 95% CI (− 0.424, − 0.016), p = 0.036) and positively with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.442, 95% CI (0.011,0.873), p = 0.045). We found that methionine (β = − 0.656, 95% CI (− 0.900, − 0.412), p < 0.0001) and SAH (β = 0.371, 95% CI (0.071, 0.672), p = 0.017) were independently associated with triglycerides. Low B12 status and alteration in metabolites in 1C metabolism are common in UK women in early pregnancy and are independently associated with maternal obesity and dyslipidaemia. Therefore, we suggest B12 monitoring in women during peri-conceptional period and future studies on the pathophysiological relationship between changes in 1C metabolites and its association with maternal and fetal outcomes on larger cohorts. This in turn may offer potential to reduce the metabolic risk in pregnant women and their offspring.
Observational indications of magneto-optical effects in the scattering polarization wings of the Ca I 4227 Å line
Authors: Capozzi Emilia , Ballester Ernest Alsina , Belluzzi Luca , Bianda Michele , Dhara Sajal Kumar , Ramelli Renzo 
Published: July 2020

Context. Several strong resonance lines, such as H I Ly-α, Mg II k, Ca II K, and Ca I 4227 Å, are characterized by deep and broad absorption profiles in the solar intensity spectrum. These resonance lines show conspicuous linear scattering polarization signals when observed in quiet regions close to the solar limb. Such signals show a characteristic triplet-peak structure with a sharp peak in the line core and extended wing lobes. The line core peak is sensitive to the presence of magnetic fields through the Hanle effect, which however is known not to operate in the line wings. Recent theoretical studies indicate that, contrary to what was previously believed, the wing linear polarization signals are also sensitive to the magnetic field through magneto-optical (MO) effects.
Aims. We search for observational indications of this recently discovered physical mechanism in the scattering polarization wings of the Ca I 4227 Å line.
Methods. We performed a series of spectropolarimetric observations of this line using the Zurich IMaging POLarimeter camera at the Gregory-Coudé telescope at Istituto Ricerche Solari Locarno in Switzerland and at the GREGOR telescope in Tenerife (Spain).
Results. Spatial variations of the total linear polarization degree and linear polarization angle are clearly appreciable in the wings of the observed line. We provide a detailed discussion of our observational results, showing that the detected variations always take place in regions in which longitudinal magnetic fields are present, thus supporting the theoretical prediction that they are produced by MO effects.
Bildgebung bei Mediastinaltumoren
Authors: Ley Sebastian , Ley-Zaporozhan Julia 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Einteilung des Mediastinums erfolgt anhand computertomografischer Aufnahmen in ein ventrales prävaskuläres, mittleres viszerales und dorsales paravertebrales Kompartiment. In den einzelnen Kompartimenten kommen verschiedene Tumorentitäten besonders häufig vor, die entsprechend kurz vorgestellt werden. Im Folgenden werden die typischen bildmorphologischen Zeichen in Röntgen, Sonografie, CT und MRT vorgestellt. Mithilfe der morphologischen Kriterien lassen sich oftmals einzelne Läsionstypen bzw. deren Malignitätsgrad nicht ausreichend abgrenzen. Daher spielen vor allem die funktionellen Informationen im PET und der MRT eine wichtige Rolle zur nicht invasiven Klassifikation. Zur Sicherung einer histologischen Diagnose steht mit den CT-gesteuerten Biopsiemöglichkeiten eine ambulant durchzuführende Option mit hoher diagnostischer Genauigkeit und geringen Komplikationen zur Verfügung.
Prediction of Hypoglycemia During Admission of Non-Critically Ill
Patients: Results from the MENU Study
Authors: Khanimov Israel , Ditch Meital , Adler Henriett , Giryes Sami , Felner Burg Noa , Boaz Mona , Leibovitz Eyal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of the work was to study admission parameters associated with
an increased incidence of hypoglycemia during hospitalization of
non-critically ill patients. Included in this cross-sectional study were
patients admitted to internal medicine units. The Nutritional Risk Screening
2002 (NRS2002) was used for nutritional screening. Data recorded included
admission serum albumin (ASA) and all glucose measurements obtained by the
institutional blood glucose monitoring system. Neither of these are included
in the NRS2002 metrics. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as ASA<3.5
g/dl. Patients were categorized as hypoglycemic if they had at least
one documented glucose≤70 mg/dl during the hospitalization
period. Included were 1342 patients [median age 75 years (IQR
61–84), 51.3% male, 52.5% with diabetes mellitus,
(DM)], who were screened during three distinct periods of time from
2011–2018. The incidence of hypoglycemia was 10.8% with
higher rates among DM patients (14.6 vs. 6.6%, p<0.001).
Hypoglycemia incidence was negatively associated with ASA regardless of DM
status. Multivariable regression showed that ASA (OR 0.550 per g/dl,
95% CI 0.387–0.781, p=0.001) and positive NRS2002
(OR 1.625, 95% CI 1.072–2.465, p=0.022) were
significantly associated with hypoglycemia. The addition of hypoalbuminemia
status to the NRS2002 tool improved the overall sensitivity from 0.55 to
0.71, but reduced specificity from 0.63 to 0.46. The negative predictive
value was 0.93. Our data suggest that the combination of positive
malnutrition screen and hypoalbuminemia upon admission are independently
associated with the incidence of hypoglycemia among non-critically ill
patients, regardless of diabetes mellitus status.
Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase (Nnt) is Related to
Obesity in Mice
Authors: Kunath Anne , Heiker John T. , Kern Matthias , Kosacka Joanna , Flehmig Gesine , Stumvoll Michael , Kovacs Peter , Blüher Matthias , Klöting Nora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe C57BL/6J (B6J) mouse strain has been widely used as a control
strain for the study of metabolic diseases and diet induced obesity (DIO).
B6J mice carry a spontaneous deletion mutation in the nicotinamide
nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene eliminating exons
7–11, resulting in expression of a truncated form of Nnt, an
enzyme that pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has
been proposed that this mutation in B6J mice is associated with epigonadal
fat mass and altered sensitivity to diet induced obesity. To define the role
of Nnt in the development of diet induced obesity, we generated first
backcross (BC1) hybrids of wild type Nnt C57BL/6NTac and
mutated Nnt C57BL/6JRj
[(C57BL/6NTac×C57BL/6JRj)F1×C57BL/6NTac].
Body weight gain and specific fat-pad depot mass were measured in BC1
hybrids under high fat diet conditions. Both sexes of BC1 hybrids indicate
that mice with Nnt wild type allele are highly sensitive to DIO and
exhibit higher relative fat mass. In summary, our data indicate that the
Nnt mutation in mice is associated with sensitivity to DIO and
fat mass.
Recent Advances of 1,3,5-Triazinanes in Aminomethylation and Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Chen Jia-Rong , Liang Dong , Xiao Wen-Jing 
Published: July 2020

1,3,5-Trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazinanes (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines), as stable and readily available surrogates for formaldimines, have found extensive applications for the construction of various nitrogen-containing compounds. The formaldimines, formed in situ from this reagent class, can participate in various aminomethylation and cycloaddition­ reactions. This short review presents recent advances in this field with emphasis on the conceptual ideas behind the developed methodologies and the reaction mechanisms.1	Introduction2	Aminomethylations with 1,3,5-Triazinanes3	Cycloadditions with 1,3,5-Triazinanes3.1	Use of 1,3,5-Triazinanes as Two-Atom Synthons3.2	Use of 1,3,5-Triazinanes as Three-Atom Synthons3.3	Use of 1,3,5-Triazinanes as Four-Atom Synthons3.4	Use of 1,3,5-Triazinanes as Six-Atom Synthons4	Conclusions
Endoscopic Biliary Stenting for Portal Biliopathy Perforating Paracholedochal Collateral: A Rare Complication
Authors: Goyal Kartik , Varshney Vaibhav Kumar , Hussain Sabir , Garg Pawan Kumar , Bhargava Narender 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExtrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) usually presents with upper gastrointestinal bleed in the first decade of life. Symptomatic portal hypertensive biliopathy is seen in a minority of patients with EHPVO. With use of endoscopic intervention, biliary drainage is maintained in these patients. Various procedural complications have been linked while performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and stenting; however, these are managed conservatively. Here, we are highlighting a case of EHPVO with symptomatic portal biliopathy in which the patient bled from paracholedochal collateral after biliary stenting and was managed successfully with a multidisciplinary approach.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Biliary Atresia Patients with Native Liver or Transplantation
Authors: Rodijk Lyan H. , Schins Eke M. W. , Witvliet Marieke J. , Verkade Henkjan J. , de Kleine Ruben H. , Hulscher Jan B. F. , Bruggink Janneke L. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction We aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in biliary atresia (BA) patients, based on original data and a literature review, and to determine factors associated with their HrQoL.
Materials and Methods We reviewed available studies describing HrQoL in BA patients. We assessed HrQoL in Dutch BA patients (6–16 years) using the validated Child Health Questionnaire. We compared HrQoL scores in BA patients with healthy peers and with children who had undergone major surgery in infancy or children with chronic conditions. We determined the relationship between specific patient-related factors and HrQoL.
Results Literature data indicated that HrQoL in children with BA is lower than in healthy peers. In Dutch BA patients (n = 38; age 10 ± 3 years), parent-proxy physical HrQoL (48 ± 11) was significantly lower compared with two reference groups of healthy peers (59 ± 4 and 56 ± 6, respectively, each p < 0.001), and lower than in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (60 ± 5), asthma (54 ± 6), attending a cardiology clinic (52 ± n/r), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (53 ± 7) or D-transposition of the great arteries (54 ± 6; all p < 0.05). Psychosocial HrQoL (50 ± 9) was lower than in healthy peers (54 ± 6, p = 0.02, and 53 ± 6, p = 0.07) and children with asthma (54 ± 6, p = 0.02), and largely comparable to children with other chronic conditions. Parent-proxy physical HrQoL was adversely related to adverse medical event in the past year, special education, and motor impairments; psychosocial HrQoL was adversely related to behavioral problems.
Conclusion Children with BA are at risk of impaired HrQoL. Special attention is warranted for children with adverse medical events and special education.
Morphology at the Distal Radioulnar Joint: Identifying the Prevalence of Reverse Obliquity
Authors: O'Shaughnessy Maureen , Shapiro Lauren M. , Schultz Blake , Retzky Julia , Finlay Andrea K. , Yao Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Recent advances in the understanding of ulnar-sided wrist pathologies such as ulnar abutment syndrome (UAS) have brought increased attention to the anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Previous work established three anatomical variants of the sigmoid notch (parallel, oblique, and reverse oblique). The reverse oblique DRUJ poses theoretical risk of increased contact forces following ulnar shortening osteotomy, a common method of treating UAS.
Purpose As prevalence of reverse oblique morphology has been under-reported, this study aims to better define the prevalence of reverse oblique morphology in the adult population.
Methods Institutional Review Board-approved review of 1,000 radiographs over a 2-year period was performed. Demographic data and radiographic measurements were recorded (ulnar variance, notch inclination, and presence of arthritis). Correlation tests, a test of proportions, a t-test, and linear and logic regression tests were used to examine associations between ulnar variance, sigmoid inclination, sex, age, and presence of arthritis.
Results One thousand radiographs were analyzed revealing prevalence rates of: parallel—68%, oblique—26%, and reverse oblique—6%. Females were significantly more likely to have reverse inclination. No significant correlation was noted for morphology by age. Ulna positive variance was negatively correlated with reverse inclination. DRUJ arthritis was noted in 14% of patients. Higher sigmoid inclination was associated with higher odds of presence of arthritis, adjusting for sex and age. Higher incidence of arthritis was noted among patients with the oblique (20.8%) or reverse oblique (24.6%) compared with parallel (10.5%) morphology.
Conclusion This series of 1,000 radiographs demonstrates a 6% overall prevalence of reverse obliquity. This large dataset allows for better quantification of the prevalence of DRUJ morphologies and determination of correlations that have clinical implications for patients with ulnar-sided wrist pathology.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Baseline Analysis of Patients Presenting for Surgical Review of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Reveals Heterogeneity in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Ting Chee Han , Scholes Corey , Zbrojkiewicz David , Bell Christopher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the establishment of successful surgical techniques and rehabilitation protocols for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, published return to sport rates are less than satisfactory. This has led orthopaedic surgeons and researchers to develop more robust patient selection methods, and investigate prognostic patient characteristics. No previous studies have integrated baseline characteristics and responses to patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of patients with ACL rupture presenting for surgical review. Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction under the care of a single orthopaedic surgeon at a metropolitan public hospital were enrolled in a clinical quality registry. Patients completed Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey (VR-12) Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores, Tegner activity scale, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaires at presentation. Total scores were extracted from the electronic registry, and a machine learning approach (k-means) was used to identify subgroups based on similarity of questionnaire responses. The average scores in each cluster were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA; Kruskal–Wallis) and nominal logistic regression was performed to determine relationships between cluster membership and patient age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and injury-to-examination delay. A sample of 107 patients with primary ACL rupture were extracted, with 97 (91%) available for analysis with complete datasets. Four clusters were identified with distinct patterns of PROMs responses. These ranged from lowest (Cluster 1) to highest scores for VR-12 and IKDC (Cluster 4). In particular, Cluster 4 returned median scores within 6 points of the patient acceptable symptom state for the IKDC score for ACL reconstruction (70.1, interquartile range: 59–78). Significant (p < 0.05) differences in PROMs between clusters were observed using ANOVA, with variance explained ranging from 40 to 69%. However, cluster membership was not significantly associated with patient age, gender, BMI, or injury-to-examination delay. Patients electing to undergo ACL reconstruction do not conform to a homogenous group but represent a spectrum of knee function, general physical and mental health, and preinjury activity levels, which may not lend itself to uniform treatment and rehabilitation protocols. The factors driving these distinct responses to PROMs remain unknown but are unrelated to common demographic variables.