bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Profile of Blood Stream Infections in Febrile Neutropenic Patients at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand
Authors: Paul Manisha , Bhatia Mohit , Rekha Udayakumar Sasi , Omar Balram Ji , Gupta Pratima ,   Diksha
Published: September 2020

AbstractContext Febrile neutropenia is a serious complication of chemotherapy affecting patients with both hematological and solid malignancies, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, there is paucity of literature from Uttarakhand, India on microbiological profile of blood stream infections (BSIs) in febrile neutropenic patients.Aims The study aims to generate preliminary data on microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of BSIs in febrile neutropenic patients.Settings and Design  The design involved cross-sectional study from January 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019.Methods and Materials Data of nonrepetitive paired peripheral blood samples obtained from 306 consecutive febrile neutropenic cancer patients of all age groups and both sexes, for culture and sensitivity testing, were retrospectively analyzed. All blood samples were subjected to aerobic culture using BACT/ALERT three-dimensional microbial detection system. Growth obtained in culture was identified by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was performed using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.Statistical Analysis Used  Fisher’s exact test was used for the analysis.Results Mean age ± SD of the study population was 32.39 ± 10.56 years with a male to female ratio of 1.55:1. 74.18% of the blood samples were received from patients suffering from hematological malignancies. Microbiologically confirmed BSIs were observed in 27.1% patients. Gram-negative bacilli were predominantly isolated in culture with Klebsiella spp. being the most common. Percentage resistance values of gram-negative bacilli to aminoglycosides, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and doxycycline were 26.6 to 91.7%, 8.3 to 86.6%, 10 to 66.7%, 13.3 to 73.3%, 8.3 to 73.3%, 80 to 93.3%, 13.3 to 20%, 16.7 to 66.6%, and 13.3 to 16.7%, respectively.Conclusion Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship program along with hospital infection control practices is needed for preventing BSIs due to MDR organisms.
Teaching Physics for the First Time
Authors: Mader Jan , Winn Mary 
Published: September 2020

This book is designed to be a quick and easy resource for anyone teaching physics for the first time, whether he/she is new to teaching or new to teaching physics. Jan Mader and Mary Winn have worked extensively with beginning teachers and with teachers who were teaching physics and/or physical sciences without formal preparation in the content areas.
The goal of the book is to provide a supply of reliable activities (labs, demos, etc.) that work easily when attempted in the classroom. The activities emphasize the hands-on approach to learning physics concepts. Lesson plans written in learning cycles as well as teacher notes for every activity are included.
The book is not the end — it is a beginning of a “bag of tricks” on which new physics teachers will build. Soon both the instructor and students will realize that a day without physics does not exist and that physics is a “phun” adventure.
Teaching High School Physics
Authors: Wenning Carl J. , Vieyra Rebecca E. 
Published: September 2020

Teaching High School Physics is centered on the principle that teachers need to be educated rather than trained and helps to form a substantive and substantiated foundation for a new way of teaching. Providing a mix of theory and practice, these books describe more than 40 important topics and encourage an inquiry-oriented approach to physics teaching. They include numerous examples and helpful resources.
Managing the Physics Classroom:Prepares physics teachers with a solid philosophical and practical foundation on how to manage the classroomAddresses the professional practice of teaching from curriculum development to lesson planning to assessment to evaluationInforms readers about how to engage in the physics education community as a leader
Teaching High School Physics is suitable for teacher candidates, experienced in-service physics teachers, and educators seeking a detailed reference guide to the many subjects being addressed in today's teaching reform movements.
Effectiveness of simulations versus traditional approach in teaching physics
Authors: Pucholt Zdeněk 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Computers and computer simulations are no longer new tools in education. The question is whether computer simulations can partially or even completely replace the traditional approaches. In this paper, we describe the outcome of our research, where computer simulations as teaching tools were a competitor to the traditional approach at local grammar schools. Selected factors that may influence the results were taken into account, such as the topic, the teacher’s role or the worksheet layout and its style of guidance. We arranged several modules of didactic experiments, and those showing different ways of organizing the structure of a module are described here. As our results show, computer simulations provide comparable options and are a fully fledged teaching tool, and not only a complementary one.
Effects of metal fluoride/sulfide microparticles generated by consecutive high-pulse-power breakdowns on the insulating performance in compressed SF6
Authors: Yan Wenlong , Wang Zhenxing , Shang Wei , Su Jiancang , Cao Zhiyuan , Zhou Zhipeng , Sun Liqiong , Wang Jianhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Spark gas switches (SGS) are widely used in various pulsed power applications where sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is still dominant because of its excellent insulating performance. However, particle contamination generated by SF6 possesses some special properties that can greatly reduce the effectiveness of the gas switches. The objective of this paper is to study the effects of particles generated spontaneously by consecutive breakdowns of high-pulse-power SGS on the insulating performance in compressed SF6. A double electrode/double pulse method, coupled with laser scattering and laser shadow photography, is adopted to detect the particles and examine their specific roles in the breakdown process. Many large particles in SF6, of approximately 150 μm in diameter, are observed at about 80 milliseconds after a single breakdown. Furthermore, numerous particles gradually suspend and accumulate in the gap after consecutive breakdowns. Particles generated by SF6 can reach tens of micrometers in size. They have rough microtopography covered by abundant floccules, and contain rich electronegative elements: fluorine and sulfur. Moreover, particle-involved abnormal breakdowns in SF6 usually occur with nearly equal threshold and probability in spite of the increasing consecutive breakdowns, and conversely, the abnormal breakdowns in N2 appear more frequently and unsteadily with a high dispersibility. The analysis of field enhancement caused by these large metal-fluoride/sulfide particles shows that they can directly cause significant field emission (FE) due to their properties of surface-field enhancement and causticity. Such FE further triggers micro-discharge. Subsequently, this behavior eventually leads to abnormal breakdowns at a lower threshold.
Ratio-cut background removal method and its application in near-wall PTV measurement of a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Wang Longwei , Pan Chong , Liu Jianhua , Cai Chujiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Optical contamination due to wall reflection creates limitations for near-wall velocity field measurement via either particle image velocimetry (PIV) or particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). In this paper, a simple image pre-processing method, i.e. the ratio cut method, is proposed to deal with this problem. It is based on the ratio between the grayscale intensities of tracer particles and those of the laser-illuminated background, on which a direct minimum cut is applied on the basis of a non-dimensional threshold for background removal. To evaluate its performance in near-wall measurement, this ratio cut method, along with two other typical pre-processing methods, i.e. the minimum removal method and the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) filtering method, are applied to particle images in the near-wall region of turbulent boundary layers over an opaque roughness wall (ORW), whose characteristic roughness height is small enough to be regarded as hydraulically smooth, but still gives rise to severe wall reflection. Results for a case involving a transparent smooth wall, which suffers less from wall reflection issues, and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data at a similar Reynolds number are employed as reference baselines for performance evaluation. The examination of pre-processed particle images, as well as the probability density function (PDF) of grayscale intensities, indicates that the ratio cut method is capable of eliminating time-dependent flare, reducing noise level, and retaining low-intensity particles in the ORW case. These features are almost completely absent in both the minimum removal method and the POD filtering method. In addition, PTV-obtained velocity statistics for an ORW, pre-processed by the ratio cut method, including data relating to fluctuating intensity and the PDF distribution of fluctuating velocity, are shown to be more consistent with those relating to baseline cases than data obtained by either of the the other two methods used for comparison. Moreover, evidence is also provided regarding the superiority and robustness of this approach, in terms of estimating the mean skin friction from the near-all mean velocity profile.
NiOx nanoparticles obtained from hydrothermally treated NiC2O4 as an electron blocking layer for organic photodetectors
Authors: Li Yi , Mao Longmei , Yu Longxin , Li Xifeng , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A room-temperature p-type NiOx film synthesized from a NiC2O4 precursor via hydrothermal treatment is employed as an electron blocking layer (EBL) to fabricate organic photodetectors (OPDs). A simple and efficient calcine process at 375 °C in air decomposes the NiC2O4 particles into NiOx, removes organic components and crystal water, and releases CO2 gas. Our experimental results indicate that this gaseous by-product prevents the agglomeration of NiOx, which yields smaller nanoparticles (5–10 nm). The formation of an EBL at room temperature improves device performance. After optimization, the performance parameters obtained, including dark current density, responsivity, specific detectivity and response, are 1.13 × 10−7 A cm−2, 0.74 A W−1, 3.86 × 1012 Jones, and 0.5/8 ms, respectively. Additionally, the dark current is reduced by more than an order of magnitude after the insertion of the NiOx layer. The proposed simple and easy method for producing an EBL could be beneficial for the commercial low-temperature and large-area preparation of OPDs.
Catalyst-free synthesis of copper oxide composites as solar radiative filters
Authors: Fang Fang , Rogers Joanne , Leveneur Jérôme , Rubanov Sergey , Koo Annette , Kennedy John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Copper oxide composites were successfully synthesized by a catalyst-free method, plasma arc technology. The as-synthesized composites were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis revealed a mixture of crystalline copper oxide (CuO), cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and copper (Cu) phases of the copper oxide composites constitute of irregularly spheroidal particlesµ with nanoparticles aggregate on the surface. Gas pressure during plasma arc process noticeably influences the composition and solar radiative properties of the composite materials. Among the samples studied, the composites synthesized with an arc current of 80 A and a pressure of 300 Torr exhibited the highest near infrared diffuse reflectance, providing a total solar reflectance of 22.96%. The mixed phase composition together with the nanostructures among the composites are considered to contribute to the excellent near infrared reflectance of copper oxide composites. Low reflectance in the visible region combined with high reflectance in the near infrared region make this composite material a good candidate for solar reflective coating which will demonstrate black appearance but keep a cool surface under solar irradiation.
Incorporation ZnS quantum dots into carbon nanotubes for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Shi Tianyu , Zhao Chenyuan , Yin Chuan , Yin Haihong , Song Changqing , Qin Lin , Wang Zhiliang , Shao Haibao , Yu Ke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Constructing sulfur hosts with high electronic conductivity, large void space, strong chemisorption, and rapid redox kinetics is critically important for their practical applications in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, by coupling ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one multifunctional sulfur host CNT/ZnS-QDs is designed via a facile one-step hydrothermal method. SEM and TEM analyses reveal that small ZnS-QDs (<5 nm) are uniformly anchored on the CNT surface as well as encapsulated into CNT channels. This special architecture ensures sulfur direct contacting with highly conductive CNTs; meanwhile, the catalytic effect of anchored ZnS-QDs improves the chemisorption and confinement to polysulfides. Benefiting from these merits, when used as sulfur hosts, this special architecture manifests a high specific capacity, superior rate capability, and long-term cycling stability. The ZnS-QDs dependent electrochemical performance is also evaluated by adjusting the mass ratio of ZnS-QDs, and the host of CNT/ZnS-QDs 27% owns the optimal cell performance. The specific capacity decreases from 1051 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C to 544 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C, showing rate capability much higher than CNT/S and other CNT/ZnS-QDs/S samples. After 150 cycles, the cyclic capacity at 0.5 C exhibits a slow reduction from 1051 mAh g−1 to 771 mAh g−1, showing a high retention of 73.4% with a coulombic efficiency of over 99%. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that this special architecture juggles high conductivity and excellent confinement of polysulfides, which can significantly suppress the notorious shuttle effect and accelerate the redox kinetics. The strategy in this study provides a feasible approach to design efficient sulfur hosts for realizing practically usable LSBs.
Effective brain connectivity for fNIRS data analysis based on multi-delays symbolic phase transfer entropy
Authors: Wang Yalin , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. Recently, effective connectivity (EC) calculation methods for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data mainly face two problems: the first problem is that noise can seriously affect the EC calculation and even lead to false connectivity; the second problem is that it ignores the various real neurotransmission delays between the brain region, and instead uses a fixed delay coefficient for calculation. Approach. To overcome these two issues, a delay symbolic phase transfer entropy (dSPTE) is proposed by developing traditional transfer entropy (TE) to estimate EC for fNIRS. Firstly, the phase time sequence was obtained from the original sequence by the Hilbert transform and state-space reconstruction was realized using a uniform embedding scheme. Then, a symbolization technique was applied based on a neural-gas algorithm to improve its noise robustness. Finally, the EC was calculated on multiple time delay scales to match different inter-region neurotransmission delays. Main results. A linear AR model, a nonlinear model and a multivariate hybrid model were introduced to simulate the performance of dSPTE, and the results showed that the accuracy of dSPTE was the highest, up to 74.27%, and specificity was 100% which means no false connectivity. The results confirmed that the dSPTE method realized better noise robustness, higher accuracy, and correct identification even if there was a long delay between series. Finally, we applied dSPTE to fNIRS dataset to analyse the EC during the finger-tapping task, the results showed that EC strength of task state significantly increased compared with the resting state. Significance. The proposed dSPTE method is a promising way to measure the EC for fNIRS. It incorporates the phase information TE with a symbolic process for fNIRS analysis for the first time. It has been confirmed to be noise robust and suitable for the complex network with different coupling delays.
Operate P300 speller when performing other task
Authors: Huang Yihao , He Feng , Xu Minpeng , Qi Hongzhi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. The P300 speller is a classic brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigm that has the potential to restore impaired motor control function. However, previous studies have confirmed that the letter recognition accuracy (LRA) of the P300 speller is a challenge when performing other tasks. Approach. To address this, we implemented a dynamic stopping strategy (DSS) to maintain the P300 speller LRA when performing multiple tasks simultaneously. Multiple tasks with dynamic workload levels were adopted to simulate the brain’s other thinking activities while operating P300 speller. A Bayes-based DSS offline model was built in single-task (only P300 speller task) and an online P300 speller system was established to test the DSS algorithm feasibility in dual-task. Main results. Online experimental results showed that the P300 speller with DSS could achieve a high LRA (96.9%) under dual-task, which was similar to single-task (98.7%, p = 0.126). Under dual-task, DSS dynamically adjusted the discriminant confidence according to the workload levels of the distraction tasks (correlation coefficient r = −0.68). Therefore, DSS can increase the repeated sequences to compensate for the reduction of P300 speller signal-to-noise ratio caused by parallel thinking activities. The average of repeated sequences increased significantly from 4.98 times under single-task to 6.22 times under dual-task (p < 0.005). These results indicated that the P300 speller feature is robust and the DSS model built in single-task maintained the applicability in various dual-tasks. Significance. Overall, this study provides a basis for the implementation of laboratory-developed BCI in real-world environments.
The connection between the form of ownership and the activeness of the capital assets renewal in agriculture
Authors: Ivanova Z M , Kokova S F , Sarbasheva E M , Khochueva Z M , Zhitteeva M Kh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The debate about what type of property — state, private, cooperative — is more efficient for production has not ceased since the late 80s - early 90s of the last century. Apparently, it cannot be solved outside the context of the industry, management, the size of the enterprise, and some other signs of production. In agriculture, the private ownership on main means of production is not uniquely preferable to stimulate their renewal over the state and cooperative without certain (explicit or hidden) preferences by the state. It, like other forms of ownership, is preferable only for a certain size, type, and industry, as well as prevailing social relations, which directly or indirectly provide various kinds of preferences to business entities with a private form of ownership. The article attempts to resolve this issue not theoretically, as it is done in most works, but on the basis of empirical data in the context of capital assets renewal and technical and technological modernization in agriculture.
Modeling of disk sowing apparatus operation process
Authors: Shekikhachev Y A , Mishhozhev V H , Shekikhacheva L Z , Zhigunov R H , Mishhozhev Kan V , Mishhozhev Kaz V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As foreign and domestic experience in livestock breeding shows, cultivated pastures are highly efficient and are considered to be a reliable source of consistent provision of animals with green feed during the pasture period. Free feeding of animals on pastures is a natural way of feeding them, which is created by nature within the framework of a single ecosystem in which natural grassland vegetation grows. One of the most expensive items in animal breeding is feed production. To exemplify this, when keeping animals on cultural pastures, there is a decrease in the relevant share of expenses for feed production in the structure of aggregate expenses compared to their management in livestock buildings by 2 times (from 60 … 65% to 30%), and the expenses on purchasing fuels and lubricants by 6 … 7 times. It has been established that in the North Caucasus region three methods of creating cultural pastures are used: based on existing natural and artificial grasses through their surface improvement (by carrying out cultural work, regulating the water-air regime of the soil, combating weed and poisonous vegetation, sowing grass, fertilizing); radical improvement of natural fodder farmland, i.e. the creation of artificial cultural pastures; using pasture crops of perennial grasses cultivated on strongly eroded slope lands to reduce or eliminate erosion processes. As can be seen from the above, the problem of creating cultural pastures on sloping lands is of great current interest.
Ergonomic design of overalls for agricultural workers of Uzbekistan
Authors: Pulatova Sabokhat , Bebutova Nargiza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on the design of workwear based on ergonomic research. Conducted research allowed to obtain the results of the analysis of changes dimensional features and calculate dynamic effects for ergonomic patterns of postures of agricultural workers. The selection of the optimal values of the design parameters of workwear was carried out on based on the development of mathematical models using static methods of experiment planning, which makes it possible to implement all kinds of combinations of the considered levels of factors, and the results are evaluated using static analysis. On the basis of the carried out ergonomic researches results of the analysis of changes of dimensional signs and calculation of dynamic effects for ergonomic poses on the basis of which optimum sizes of additions on free fitting were chosen are received and the rational design of overalls for agricultural workers of Uzbekistan is constructed. Novelty of the constructive solution of overalls for agricultural workers is confirmed by the positive decision on issue of the patent Of Agency on intellectual property of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the industrial design of overalls under the application No. SAP 2018 0263.