bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐First‐Century Climate Education: Developing Diverse, Confident, and Competent Leaders in Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Halliwell Philip , Whipple Sarah , Hassel Kelly N. , Bowser Gillian , Husic Diane White , Brown Mark A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith climate change impacting systems globally at alarming rates, the need for educating the next generation of environmental stewards is necessary. The Rocky Mountain Sustainability and Science Network (RMSSN) is an immersive field experience for undergraduate and graduate students interested in climate change and sustainability within National Parks. The program was established to educate and cultivate a diverse audience of future leaders, environmental guardians, and sustainability advocates with a focus on engaging underrepresented minorities (URM) in science. Participants were evaluated through efficacy instruments and focus groups to determine how a short‐term research experience could impact a student's future outlook and perceived ability to impact science and sustainability. Findings indicate URM, and majority students were more confident in their abilities, and more motivated to continue within their studies. RMSSN provides a framework that is translatable to other field‐based curriculums. This paper addresses specific engagement mechanisms for educating future science leaders.
Engineering substrate and energy metabolism for living cell production of cytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine
Authors: Ren Yanna , Liu Qi , Liu Haifeng , Zhou Xiangshan , Zhang Yuanxing , Cai Menghao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine (CDP‐choline) is a widely used neuroprotective drug for multiple indications. In industry, CDP‐choline is synthesized by a two‐step cell culture/permeabilized cell biotransformation method because substrates often do not enter cells in an efficient manner. This study develops a novel one‐step living cell fermentation method for CDP‐choline production. For this purpose, the feasibility of Pichia pastoris as a chassis was demonstrated by substrate feeding and CDP‐choline production. Overexpression of choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase and choline kinase enhanced the choline transformation pathway and improved the biosynthesis of CDP‐choline. Furthermore, co‐overexpression of ScHnm1, which is a heterologous choline transporter, highly improved the utilization of choline substrates, despite its easy degradation in cells. This strategy increased CDP‐choline titer by 55‐folds comparing with the wild‐type (WT). Overexpression of cytidine‐5′‐monophosphate (CMP) kinase and CDP kinase in the CMP transformation pathway showed no positive effects. An increase in the ATP production by citrate stimulation or metabolic pathway modification further improved CDP‐choline biosynthesis by 120%. Finally, the orthogonal optimization of key substrates and pH was carried out, and the resulting CDP‐choline titer (6.0 g/L) at optimum conditions increased 88 times the original titer in the WT. This study provides a new paradigm for CDP‐choline bioproduction by living cells.
Liver resection with thrombectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and tumour thrombus in the inferior vena cava or right atrium
Authors: Matsukuma S , Eguchi H , Wada H , Noda T , Shindo Y , Tokumitsu Y , Matsui H , Takahashi H , Kobayashi S , Nagano H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumour thrombus (TT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium (RA) is a rare advanced disease state with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine survival after surgical resection.

Methods
Patients with HCC and TT of either the IVC or RA, who underwent liver resection between February 1997 and July 2017, were included. Their short- and long-term outcomes and surgical details were analysed retrospectively.

Results
Thirty-seven patients were included; 16 patients had TT in the IVC below the diaphragm, eight had TT in the IVC above the diaphragm, and 13 had TT entering the RA. Twelve patients had advanced portal vein TT (portal vein invasion (Vp) greater than Vp3 and Vp4), ten had bilobar disease, and 12 had extrahepatic disease. There were no in-hospital deaths, although two patients died within 90 days. Median survival did not differ between patients who had resection with curative intent (18·7 months) and those with residual tumour in the lung only (20·7 months), but survival was poor for patients with residual tumour in the liver (8·3 months).

Conclusion
Liver resection with thrombectomy for advanced HCC with TT in the IVC or RA is safe and feasible, leading to moderate survival.
Feeding tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates improves lactate consumption and antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Jiang Rubin , Lin Henry , Xu Sen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMedia components play an important role in modulating cell metabolism and improving product titer in mammalian cell cultures. To sustain cell productivity, highly active oxidative metabolism is desired. Here we explored the effect of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates supplementation on lactate metabolism and productivity in Chinese hamster ovary fed‐batch cultures. Direct addition of 5 mM alpha‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG), malic acid, or succinic acid in the basal medium did not have any significant impact on culture performance. On the other hand, feeding α‐KG, malic acid, and succinic acid in the stationary phase, either as a single solution or as a mixture, significantly improved lactate consumption, reduced ammonium accumulation, and led to higher cell specific productivity and antibody titer (~35% increase for the best condition). Delivering those intermediates as an acidic solution for pH control eliminated CO2 sparging and accumulation. Feeding TCA cycle intermediates was also demonstrated to be superior to feeding lactic acid or pyruvic acid in titer improvement. Taken together, feeding TCA cycle intermediates was effective in improving lactate consumption and increasing product titer, which is likely due to enhanced oxidative metabolism in an extended duration.
Circular RNA CCDC66 facilitates abdominal aortic aneurysm through the overexpression of CCDC66
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Zhiwei , Meng Guangran , Hua Li 
Published: January 2020

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is fatal meanwhile unpredictable asymptomatic cardiovascular disease. Available data suggests the potential participation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in AAA pathogenesis. But direct evidence is limited. The present study is to functionally and mechanically characterize circRNA CCDC66 (circCCDC66) in AAA. Previous work indicated the differentially expressed circCCDC66 in AAA. At molecular level, circCCDC66, miR‐342‐3p and CCDC66 transcript were measured through real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Functionally, we examined the cellular behaviours of circCCDC66‐depleted or CCDC66‐depleted vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) including proliferation and apoptosis. It elucidated that depletion of circCCDC66 induced proliferation facilitation and apoptosis reduction. Mechanically, we addressed the interplay among circCCDC66, miR‐342‐3p and CCDC66 transcript using RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down and luciferase reporter experiments. Through mechanical validation, we discovered the positive regulation of circCCDC66 on its host gene CCDC66. Loss of CCDC66 mimicked the effects of circCCDC66 silencing on VSMC growth. Moreover, it uncovered that circCCDC66 regulated CCDC66‐dependent VSMC growth through sponging miR‐342‐3p. Rescue experiments aimed to address the functional role of regulatory network formed by circCCDC66, miR‐342‐3p and CCDC66 in VSMC growth and apoptosis. Suppressing miR‐342‐3p or overexpressing CCDC66 could reverse VSMC growth caused by circCCDC66 deficiency. Our study further emphasized and first unveiled the function of circCCDC66 in VSMC proliferation. CircCCDC66 upregulated its host gene through its role of miR‐342‐3p sponge, and hinted a novel molecular mechanism in AAA.Significance of the studyIt was firstly displayed in our study that depletion of circCCDC66 induced proliferation augmentation and apoptosis reduction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Meanwhile, circCCDC66/miR‐342‐3p/CCDC66 axis was proved can play the function of modulating the cell proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, which provided us a novel molecular mechanism in AAA.
Characterization of a Self‐Sufficient Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase from Deinococcus apachensis for Enantioselective Benzylic Hydroxylation
Authors: Xie Lingzhi , Chen Ke , Cui Haibo , Wan Nanwei , Cui Baodong , Han Wenyong , Chen Yongzheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Deinococcus apachensis (P450DA) was identified and successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). P450DA would be a member of the CYP102D subfamily and assigned as CYP102D2 according to the phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment. Purification and characterization of the recombinant P450DA indicated both NADH and NADPH could be used by P450DA as a reducing cofactor. The recombinant E. coli (P450DA) strain was functionally active, showing excellent enantioselectivity for benzylic hydroxylation of methyl 2‐phenylacetate. Further substrate scope studies revealed that P450DA is able to catalyze benzylic hydroxylation of a variety of compounds, affording the corresponding chiral benzylic alcohols in 86–99 % ee and 130–1020 total turnover numbers.
First in man study of a new semi‐open cell design Zephyr cobalt–chromium stent in large vessels and conduits
Authors: Sivakumar Kothandam , Anantharaj Avinash , Raghuram Palaparti , Krishna Kumar Raman , Vani Preeti , Neuss Malte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe present a first‐in‐man clinical use of a new hybrid design stent in stenosed large vessels. Its unique C and S polylinks prevent foreshortening without compromising its strength. Its thin profile permits use of smaller introducer sheaths.BackgroundStent angioplasty is widely employed in large vessel and conduit stenosis. These procedures are associated with difficulties due to large stent profiles, stent fractures, foreshortening and recoil. Cobalt chromium stents have high tensile strengths compared to stainless steel stents.MethodsA retrospective analysis of feasibility and safety of a new Cobalt chromium stent in large vessels namely aorta, pulmonary arteries and outflow conduits was done from two institutions. Demographic patient details, procedural results, complications and medium term follow‐up were analyzed. Stent recoil, foreshortening, fractures were assessed.ResultsTwenty patients including three with aortic coarctations, seven with stenosed conduits and 10 with pulmonary artery stenosis underwent stent angioplasty using 23 stents. Three stents were deployed to expand further a previously implanted stent. Procedure was successful in all patients, lumen increased by 150–300%, gradients reduced in all patients. There was no stent recoil, foreshortening or fractures. There were no complications. At a follow up of 3–27 months, there were no stent related complications and the gradients remained stable.ConclusionsThe new Zephyr stent was useful in a wide variety of stenotic lesions involving large vessels including those that were previously stented. Lack of stent recoil and foreshortening seems to be an advantage for this new stent that needs validation in larger multicenter studies.
Hierarchical ZSM‐5 Catalysts: The Effect of Different Intracrystalline Pore Dimensions on Catalyst Deactivation Behaviour in the MTO Reaction
Authors: Weissenberger Tobias , Machoke Albert G. F. , Bauer Jürgen , Dotzel Ralf , Casci John L. , Hartmann Martin , Schwieger Wilhelm 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAbstract: We present the effect of different combinations of intracrystalline pore systems in hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites on their performance as MTO catalysts. We prepared ZSM‐5 zeolites with additional intracrystalline mesoporous, intracrystalline macropores and a novel ZSM‐5 type zeolite with intracrystalline meso and macropores. The catalytic results showed that both used catalysts with mesopores and macropores exhibited three times longer catalyst lifetime compared to a conventional catalyst. However, TGA analysis of the deactivated catalysts showed much larger coke content in the mesoporous catalyst than in the macroporous catalyst. Consequently, macropores predominantly led to reduced coke formation rate while additional mesopores predominantly enhanced the resistance against deactivation by coke. Combining both intracrystalline meso and macropores in one catalyst lead to a tenfold increase in catalyst lifetime. Besides the effect on the catalyst lifetime there was also a strong effect of the additional pore systems on the selectivity of the catalysts. The catalysts containing mesopores showed reduced selectivity to short chain olefins and increased selectivity to larger hydrocarbons in comparison to the catalysts without a mesopores system.
Solvent‐Free Chemical Approach to Synthesize Co Nanoparticles Supported on N‐doped Porous Carbon for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Chen Zixi , Li Yizhao , Liu Baolin , Wang Kun , Cao Yali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransition metal/N‐doped carbon materials are the most promising alternative to expensive Pt‐based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this paper, we design hierarchical three‐dimensional (3D) Co nanoparticles supported on N‐doped carbon (Co/N−C) with abundant defects using a simple solvent‐free strategy. With the help of templates, Co nanoparticles are embedded in the interconnected porous carbon network derived from phenolic resin, and Co/N−C is obtained after the introduction of N atoms. Benefitting from the coupling effect of Co and N in carbon matrix, Co/N−C exhibits better electrocatalytic performance than porous N‐doped carbon (N−C) for ORR in alkaline medium. The Co/N−C shows a dominant four‐electron transfer toward oxygen reduction with a rather high half‐wave potential of 0.82 V versus relative hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), as well as good stability and methanol tolerance. The crumpled porous 3D structure of Co/N−C with a high specific surface area facilitates the formation of N‐contained defects as active sites, and boosts the transport of electrons and ions. Our work provides a feasible way to design non‐noble metal electrocatalysts with satisfied properties for ORR.
Hollow 3D Frame Structure Modified with NiCo2S4 Nanosheets and Spinous Fe2O3 Nanowires as Electrode Materials for High‐Performance All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Zhang Aitang , Jiang Degang , Mao Ning , Tian Jinmi , Huang Weiguo , Liu Rui , Liu Jingquan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupercapacitors have attracted tremendous research interest, since they are expected to achieve battery‐level energy density, while having a long calendar life and short charging time. Herein, a novel asymmetric supercapacitor has been successfully assembled from NiCo2S4 nanosheets and spinous Fe2O3 nanowire modified hollow melamine foam decorated with polypyrrole as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. Owing to the well‐designed nanostructure and suitable matching of electrode materials, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibits an extended operation voltage window of 1.6 V with an energy density of 20.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 159.4 kW kg−1. Moreover, the ASC shows stable cycling stability, with 81.3 % retention after 4000 cycles and a low internal resistance of 1.03 Ω. Additionally, a 2.5 V light‐emitting diode indicator can be lit up by three ASCs connected in series; this provides evidence of the practical application potential of the assembled energy‐storage system. The excellent electrochemical performances should be credited to the significant enhancement of the specific surface area, charge transport, and mechanical stability resulting from the unique 3D morphology.
A Novel [OSSO]‐Type Chromium(III) Complex as a Versatile Catalyst for Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide with Epoxides
Authors: Della Monica Francesco , Paradiso Veronica , Grassi Alfonso , Milione Stefano , Cavallo Luigi , Capacchione Carmine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new chromium(III) complex, bearing a bis‐thioether‐diphenolate [OSSO]‐type ligand, was found to be an efficient catalyst in the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides to achieve poly(propylene carbonate), poly(cyclohexene carbonate), poly(hexene carbonate) and poly(styrene carbonate), as well as poly(propylene carbonate)(cyclohexene carbonate) and poly(propylene carbonate)(hexene carbonate) terpolymers.
Highly Stable, Readily Reducible, Fluorescent, Trifluoromethylated 9‐Borafluorenes
Authors: Rauch Florian , Fuchs Sonja , Friedrich Alexandra , Sieh Daniel , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger , Finze Maik , Marder Todd B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThree different perfluoroalkylated borafluorenes (FBf) were prepared and their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated. The systems have four trifluoromethyl moieties on the borafluorene moiety as well as two trifluoromethyl groups at the ortho positions of their exo‐aryl moieties. They differ with regard to the para substituents on their exo‐aryl moieties, being a proton (FXylFBf, FXyl: 2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), a trifluoromethyl group (FMesFBf, FMes: 2,4,6‐tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) or a dimethylamino group (p‐NMe2‐FXylFBf, p‐NMe2‐FXyl: 4‐(dimethylamino)‐2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), respectively. All derivatives exhibit extraordinarily low reduction potentials, comparable to those of perylenediimides. The most electron‐deficient derivative FMesFBf was also chemically reduced and its radical anion isolated and characterized. Furthermore, all compounds exhibit very long fluorescent lifetimes of about 250 ns up to 1.6 μs; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this differ. The donor‐substituted derivative p‐NMe2‐FXylFBf exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from a charge‐transfer (CT) state, whereas the FMesFBf and FXylFBf borafluorenes exhibit only weakly allowed locally excited (LE) transitions due to their symmetry and low transition‐dipole moments.
Organic Cage Dumbbells
Authors: Greenaway Rebecca L. , Santolini Valentina , Szczypiński Filip T. , Bennison Michael J. , Little Marc A. , Marsh Andrew , Jelfs Kim E. , Cooper Andrew I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMolecular dumbbells with organic cage capping units were synthesised via a multi‐component imine condensation between a tri‐topic amine and di‐ and tetra‐topic aldehydes. This is an example of self‐sorting, which can be rationalised by computational modelling.
Building Knowledge Bridges through Effective Science Communication
Authors: Beardsworth Stuart J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to communicate is fundamental to life as we know it and the key to success in many cases is based on having good communication skills. Be it written, spoken, visual, auditory or otherwise, effective communication can open many doors to hidden knowledge that can benefit the world. Science as an entity, which itself stems from the Latin word Scientia, (Engl. “knowledge”), has a tradition of not being particularly well communicated, with long words, vast and confusing concepts, and information overloads. However, as good as communication between scientists has generally become, there is still room for improvement. This article hopes to inform and inspire scientists to lead by example, to educate and advise in the best ways that we can, not just for non‐experts, but for the interest of everyone.
Mononuclear to Polynuclear UIV Structural Units: Effects of Reaction Conditions on U‐Furoate Phase Formation
Authors: Vanagas Nicole A. , Higgins Robert F. , Wacker Jennifer N. , Asuigui Dane Romar C. , Warzecha Evan , Kozimor Stosh A. , Stoll Sarah L. , Schelter Eric J. , Bertke Jeffery A. , Knope Karah E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUranium(IV) complexation by 2‐furoic acid (2‐FA) was examined to better understand the effects of ligand identity and reaction conditions on species formation and stability. Five compounds were isolated: [UCl2(2‐FA)2(H2O)2]n (1), [U4Cl10O2(THF)6(2‐FA)2]⋅2 THF (2), [U6O4(OH)4(H2O)3(2‐FA)12]⋅7 THF⋅H2O (3), [U6O4(OH)4(H2O)2(2‐FA)12]⋅8.76 H2O (4), and [U38Cl42O54(OH)2(H2O)20]⋅m H2O⋅n THF (5). The structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by Raman, IR, and optical absorption spectroscopy. The thermal stability and magnetic behavior of the compounds were also examined. Variations in the synthetic conditions led to notable differences in the structural units observed in the solid state. At low H2O/THF ratios, a tetranuclear oxo‐bridged [U4O2] core was isolated. Aging of this solution resulted in the formation a U38 oxo cluster capped by chloro and water ligands. However, at increasing water concentrations only hexanuclear units were observed. In all cases, at temperatures of 100–120 °C, UO2 nanoparticles formed.
Room Temperature Coupling of Aryldiazoacetates with Boronic Acids Enhanced by Blue Light Irradiation
Authors: da Silva Amanda F. , Afonso Marco A. S. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Jurberg Igor D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA visible‐light‐promoted photochemical protocol is reported for the coupling of aryldiazoacetates with boronic acids. This photochemical reaction shows great enhancement compared to the same protocol performed in the absence of light. Except for a few cases, the room temperature coupling in the dark (thermal process) generally does not work. When it does, it is likely to also involve free carbenes as key intermediates. Alternatively, photochemical reactions show a broad scope, can be performed under air and tolerate a wide variety of functional groups. Reaction‐evolution monitoring, DFT calculations and control experiments have been used to evaluate the main aspects of this intricate mechanistic scenario. Biologically active molecules Adiphenine, Benactyzine and Aprophen have been prepared as examples of synthetic applications.
Solvophobically Driven Complexation of Adamantyl Mannoside with β‐Cyclodextrin in Water and Structured Organic Solvents
Authors: Leko Katarina , Hanževački Marko , Brkljača Zlatko , Pičuljan Katarina , Ribić Rosana , Požar Josip 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effects of solvent and temperature on the complexation of adamantyl mannoside with β‐cyclodextrin and 6‐O‐monotosyl‐6‐deoxy‐β‐cyclodextrin were explored experimentally and by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Efficient binding was observed only in hydrogen‐bonded solvents, which indicated solvophobically driven complexation. The stability of the inclusion complex was considerably higher in aqueous media. A pronounced temperature dependence of ΔrH○ and ΔrS○, resulting in perfect enthalpy–entropy compensation, was observed in water. The complexation thermodynamics was in line with classical rationale for the hydrophobic effect at lower temperatures and the nonclassical explanation at higher temperatures. This finding linked cyclodextrin complexation thermodynamics with insights regarding the effect of temperature on the hydration water structure. The complexation enthalpies and entropies were weakly dependent on temperature in organic media. The signs of ΔrH○ and ΔrS○ were in accordance with the nonclassical hydrophobic (solvophobic) effect. The structures of the optimized product corresponded to those deduced spectroscopically, and the calculated and experimentally obtained values of ΔrG○ were in very good agreement. This investigation clearly demonstrated that solvophobically driven formation of cyclodextrin complexes could be anticipated in structured solvents in general. However, unlike in water, adamantane and the host cavity behaved solely as structure breakers in the organic media explored so far.