bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project Narratives: Investigating Participatory Conservation in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Cieslik Katarzyna , Dewulf Art , Buytaert Wouter 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article shares findings from a participatory assessment study of a community‐based environmental monitoring project in the Peruvian Andes. The objective of the project was to generate evidence to support sustainable livelihoods through participatory knowledge generation. With the use of narrative framing, the study retrospectively reconstructs the project's trajectory as perceived by the three stakeholder groups: the community, the researchers, and the implementing NGO. This analysis reveals discrepancies between the stakeholder groups both in their view of the course of events and their understanding of the purpose of the intervention. However, while the storylines depict differing project trajectories, they often agree in terms of long‐term goals. The study also uncovers some neglected positive externalities that are of considerable significance to local stakeholders. These include community‐to‐community knowledge transfer, inter‐generational knowledge sharing and ecosystem knowledge revival. The article illustrates how assumptions and expectations about participatory projects are encapsulated in narratives of positive change despite the limited level of agreement among stakeholders about what such a change should comprise. It sheds light on development narratives and their power to shape stakeholders’ perceptions in accordance with their beliefs and priorities. This is of special importance for ecosystem governance projects, which are sensitive to normative differences and subject to competing claims.
Graduation after 10 years of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme: Surviving but still not thriving
Authors: Sabates‐Wheeler Rachel , Lind Jeremy , Hoddinott John , Tefera Taye Mulugeta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivationMany social protection programmes aspire to graduate poor people out of poverty. While some successfully ensure food security and survival for the poorest, few have moved large numbers of people sustainably out of poverty and into productive livelihood opportunities.PurposeThis article aims to understand better the challenges to sustainable graduation out of poverty, and why graduation has been so difficult to achieve in many social protection programmes.Approach and MethodsWe define graduation and identify primary objectives related to food security and consumption and secondary objectives for asset accumulation. We then apply this thinking to the case of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia, drawing on evaluation spanning the first 10 years of the programme.FindingsThe programme has been successful on some fronts—such as saving lives, reducing distress sales and providing community‐level services—while on others, such as household asset building and livestock accumulation, it has failed to deliver. Given this, we ask why the programme has underperformed in building household assets, and further, why the PSNP programme proceeded to prematurely graduate so many households despite the lack of evidence on livelihood strengthening.It seems that the PSNP was unable to lift most households out of poverty, owing to lack of capacity to design and implement measures to raise incomes and to lack of opportunities to do so. Many households, however, were graduated out of PSNP, apparently because field staff had quotas to fulfil, whether or not the households had progressed out of poverty.Policy implicationsThe PSNP shows how a programme can succeed in its primary objective of alleviating deep poverty and preventing people from becoming destitute. But it also shows that to reach the more ambitious target of graduating households out of poverty, more funds and administrative capacity are needed to generate additional household economic activity. Investments in complementary rural services are needed as well.
Left ventricular rotational deformation changes by speckle tracking imaging before and 24 hours after transcatheter closure of large secundum atrial septal defects in children
Authors: El‐Sisi Amal Mahmoud , Gabr Abd El‐Moneam Ahmed Mohammed , Afia Ali Abdellatif , Abu‐Seif Hassan Saad , Agha Hala M. , AlSayad Tarek kotb 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: Large atrial septal defects (ASDs) in children cause increased volume overload of the right side of the heart which in turn lead to impairment of left ventricular (LV) performance. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate immediate LV rotational deformation changes in children with large ASDs post‐device closure and removal of right ventricle (RV) volume overload. Patients and Methods: Twenty children who underwent transcatheter closure (TCC) of large secundum ASDs were included in the study. LV rotational deformation was assessed pre‐ and 24 hours post‐device closure using speckle tracking imaging (STI). Results: 55% were females with mean age 6.1 ± 3.5 years. LV peak basal clockwise rotation improved significantly (−6.9 ± 2.6° before vs −10.3 ± 4.1° after TCC, P = .005), and time to peak clockwise rotation (345.1 ± 124.7 milliseconds (ms) before vs 282.2 ± 82.9 ms after closure, P = .02). There was no significant difference in apical rotational parameters including peak counterclockwise rotation (P > .05 for both). LV twist (11.3 ± 3.8° before vs 17.5 ± 7.1° after closure, P = .001) and torsion (2.1 ± 0.7°/cm before vs 3.1 ± 1.2°/cm after closure, P = .01) were significantly improved, mainly as the result of improvement of LV basal rotation. LV revealed a significant increase in LV end‐diastolic volumes (P = .02) 24 hour after TCC with no significant change (P > .05) in end‐systolic volumes after closure. Conclusion: Increased peak LV twisting and torsion were attributed to the improved peak systolic clockwise basal rotation after TCC of large ASDs in children.
Introduction of mini‐clinical evaluation exercise in teaching dental radiology—A pilot study
Authors: Bock Anna , Peters Florian , Elvers Dirk , Wittenborn Julian , Kniha Kristian , Gerressen Marcus , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionWorkplace‐based assessments are methods that can be applied for assessing competence and performance. One of these methods is the mini‐clinical evaluation exercise (mini‐CEX). This study was conducted to determine the role of mini‐CEX in students’ performance assessment on panoramic X‐ray reporting at dental radiology course.Materials and MethodsA workshop as training for the assessors and the participants was conducted before the primary test. All participants (n = 36) were randomly allocated into six groups. Each group had three seminars in which every student reported a panoramic X‐ray. Students were directly observed and rated by an assessor on a modified mini‐CEX rating form. Then, a self‐assessment of the students and a systematic feedback session were performed. Finally, the students and the assessors were evaluated for the acceptability and satisfaction with this tool.ResultsThe mean duration of the assessment and the feedback decreased significantly from the first seminar to the third seminar (P < .0001). Comparison of the results of the mini‐CEX of all three assessments showed that students displayed a significantly better performance in evaluating the upper jaw and the soft tissue (P < .05). There was no significant improvement for the other aspects of the rating form. Overall, both students and assessors reported a high level of satisfaction in using the mini‐CEX rating form.ConclusionDue to the objectivity and transparency of the assessment, the mini‐CEX helped to improve the performance on reporting panoramic X‐rays. Besides that, the structured feedback had major impact on the improvement. Overall, the assessors and the participants reported a high level of satisfaction using the rating form. Therefore, the mini‐CEX may be an effective method for performing workplace‐based assessments to evaluate students’ performance on reporting panoramic X‐rays.
Deciphering the natural history of SCA7 in children
Authors: Bah M. G. , Rodriguez D. , Cazeneuve C. , Mochel F. , Devos D. , Suppiej A. , Roubertie A. , Meunier I. , Gitiaux C. , Curie A. , Klapczynski F. , Allani‐Essid N. , Carneiro M. , Van Minkelen R. , Kievit A. , Fluss J. , Leheup B. , Ratbi L. , Héron D. , Gras D. , Do Cao J. , Pichard S. , Strubi‐Villaume I. , Audo I. , Lesca G. , Charles P. , Dubois F. , Comet‐Didierjean P. , Capri Y. , Barondiot C. , Barathon M. , Ewenczyk C. , Durr A. , Mignot C. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeChildhood‐onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is a severe disease which leads to premature loss of ambulation and death. Early diagnosis of SCA7 is of major importance for genetic counselling and still relies on specific genetic testing, driven by clinical expertise. However, the precise phenotype and natural history of paediatric SCA7 has not yet been fully described. Our aims were to describe the natural history of SCA7 in a large multicentric series of children of all ages, and to find correlates to variables defining this natural history.MethodsWe collected and analysed clinical data from 28 children with proven SCA7. All had clinical manifestations of SCA7 and either a definite number of CAG repeats in ATXN7 or a long expansion > 100 CAG.ResultsWe identified four clinical presentation patterns related to age at onset. Children of all age groups had cerebellar atrophy and retinal dystrophy. Our data, combined with those in the literature, suggest that definite ranges of CAG repeats determine paediatric SCA7 subtypes. The number of CAG repeats inversely correlated to all variables of the natural history. Age at gait ataxia onset correlated accurately to age at loss of walking ability and to age at death.ConclusionSCA7 in children has four presentation patterns that are roughly correlated to the number of CAG repeats. Our depiction of the natural history of SCA7 in children may help in monitoring the effect of future therapeutic trials.
Postpartum haemorrhage in women with mild factor XI deficiency
Authors: Stoeckle James H. , Bogue Thomas , Zwicker Jeffrey I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith the advent of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing, mild factor XI deficiency is increasingly recognized. There are limited data regarding the risk of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among women with mild FXI deficiency following obstetrical delivery.AimTo assess the risk of PPH among women with mild FXI deficiency undergoing vaginal or caesarean delivery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, case‐control study, in women with FXI levels between 20% and 70% of normal. For a control population, delivery outcomes were analysed in 200 women (between 2016 and 2018) without known bleeding disorders.ResultsThere was no PPH among 45 vaginal deliveries in women with mild FXI deficiency compared with one PPH among 125 vaginal deliveries in the control cohort. The rate of PPH was significantly higher among the 26 caesarean deliveries in women with mild FXI deficiency relative to 75 control caesarean deliveries (odds ratio 2.73, 95% CI 1.02‐7.26, P = .04). Prior history of haemorrhage was a strong predictor of PPH following caesarean delivery. All women who developed PPH following caesarean delivery had either a history of haemorrhage or independent risk factor for PPH.ConclusionDue to the low rates of postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal delivery, routine prophylaxis to prevent postpartum haemorrhage in the setting of mild FXI deficiency does not appear warranted, especially in the absence of a bleeding history. Mild FXI deficiency is associated with an increased risk of PPH following caesarean delivery.
Rabeprazole‐amoxicillin dual therapy as first‐line treatment for H pylori eradication in special patients: A retrospective, real‐life study
Authors: Gao Wen , Ye Hui , Deng Xin , Wang Chi , Xu Ying , Li Yixuan , Zhang Xuezhi , Cheng Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe currently recommended quadruple regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection might not be appropriate for every patient, especially in elderly patients or those with multiple comorbidities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole‐amoxicillin dual therapy in H pylori‐positive elderly patients or those with multiple comorbidities.MethodsFrom November 2013 to May 2017, the clinical data of H pylori‐positive patients ≥60 years old or with multiple comorbidities were collected and reviewed. All patients were given rabeprazole 10 mg three times a day and amoxicillin 1000 mg thrice a day (RA dual therapy) for 14 days as first‐line treatment. H pylori eradication was evaluated by 13C‐urea breath test 6 weeks after treatment. Adverse effects were recorded.ResultsA total of 198 patients were enrolled, including 116 elderly patients and 82 patients with multiple comorbidities. Successful eradication was achieved in 90.9% (180/198, 95% CI: 86.1%‐94.2%) patients. Adverse effects, which were mainly mild (referring to skin rash, abdominal pain, and diarrhea), occurred in 22 patients (22/198, 11.1%) and resolved spontaneously.ConclusionDual therapy composed of rabeprazole and amoxicillin as a first‐line treatment appears to be effective and safe for H pylori infection in elderly patients or those with multiple comorbidities. Additional studies are needed to optimize the regimen.
Examining associative conditioning with a positive peer context as a strategy to increase children's vegetable acceptance
Authors: Tauriello Sara , Bowker Julie , Wilding Gregory , Epstein Leonard , Anzman‐Frasca Stephanie 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundChildren's vegetable acceptance increases following repeated exposure and associative conditioning pairing a target vegetable with a well‐liked food. Yet traditional pairings may increase energy intake when well‐liked foods are calorie‐rich.ObjectivesTo examine whether pairing a non‐food stimulus with target vegetables increases children's vegetable acceptance and whether effects exceed those of repeated exposure.MethodsTwenty‐three 6‐to‐8‐year‐old children participated in twice‐weekly sessions across 6 weeks of a summer camp serving children from low‐income families. First‐ and second‐grade camp classrooms were randomly assigned to associative conditioning and repeated exposure groups, respectively. Liking and preference were assessed for seven vegetables at pre/post‐test. For each child, two non‐preferred vegetables were randomly assigned as the target or control. During exposures, associative conditioning group children experienced a positive peer context (involving group games) paired with tasting their target vegetable. The repeated exposure group received only taste exposures; target vegetable liking was assessed.ResultsPreferences for target vegetables increased from pre‐ (Median = 6.00) to post‐test (Median = 3.00) overall (P = .007), but did not differ by group (P = .59). Group, time and interaction effects on vegetable liking were non‐significant overall (P ≥ .29), with some evidence of group differences when examining select time points.ConclusionsFindings can inform future research aiming to increase vegetable preferences in community settings.
Burden of diagnostic investigations at the end of life for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ross Lauren , Taverner John , John Jennifer , Baisch Andreas , Irving Louis , Philip Jennifer , Smallwood Natasha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable, chronic condition that leads to significant morbidity and mortality, with most patients dying in hospital. While diagnostic tests are important for actively managing patients during hospital admissions, the balance between benefit and harm should always be considered. This is particularly important when patients reach the end of life, when the focus is to reduce burdensome interventions.AimsTo examine the use of diagnostic testing in a cohort of people with COPD who died in hospital.MethodsRetrospective medical record audits were completed at two Australian hospitals (Royal Melbourne Hospital and Northeast Health Wangaratta), with all patients who died from COPD over 12 years between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 included.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐three patients were included, with a median of 11 diagnostic testing episodes per patient. Undergoing higher numbers of diagnostic tests was associated with younger age, intensive care unit admission and non‐invasive ventilation use. Reduced testing was associated with recent hospital admission for COPD, domiciliary oxygen use and a prior admission with documentation limiting medical treatment. Most patients underwent diagnostic tests in the last 2 days of life, and 12% of patients had ongoing diagnostic tests performed after a documented decision was made to change the goal of care to provide comfort care only.ConclusionThere were missed opportunities to reduce the burden of diagnostic tests and focus on comfort at the end of life. Increased physician education regarding communication and end‐of‐life care, including recognising active dying may address these issues.
Attitudes toward brushing children's teeth—A study among parents with immigrant status in Norway
Authors: Mustafa Manal , Nasir Elwalid F. , Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) is a common chronic childhood disease with multifactorial etiology including poor parental dietary and hygiene behaviors.AimThis study aimed to assess toothbrushing‐related perceptions among parents with immigrant background living in Norway.DesignA structured interview was performed with immigrant parents to assess their oral health‐related knowledge, beliefs, and attitude toward toothbrushing. Immigrant parents of non‐Western origin with newborn infants (0‐6 months) were included in this study.ResultsOf those interviewed, 66% chose to participate and they were found to have an average favorable attitudes, subjective norms, and strong perceptions of control related to child's tooth brushing with reported means of (3.3), (3.6), and (4.6), respectively. They had on average low indulgence (mean 7.8) with respect to this behavior and a relatively high level of knowledge (mean 6.9). Parents with strong intention toward toothbrushing (61%) had on average more frequent oral hygiene behavior than parents with weak intentions.ConclusionParents with non‐Western origin have adequate knowledge and intention toward toothbrushing, although some have an unsatisfactory attitude, which might affect the oral health of their children negatively. Culture and habits are contributing factors in ECC and should be addressed in oral health prevention policies.
Differences in the periodontal microbiome of successfully treated and persistent aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Sousa Vanessa , Davrandi Mehmet , Spratt David , Alyahya Qumasha , Dopico Jose , Donos Nikos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe primary aim of this investigation was to analyse the periodontal microbiome in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) following treatment.MethodsSixty‐six AgP patients were recalled on average 7 years after completion of active periodontal treatment and had subgingival plaque samples collected and processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses.ResultsOf 66 participants, 52 showed persistent periodontal disease, while 13 participants were considered as “successfully treated AgP” (no probing pocket depths >4 mm) and 1 was fully edentulous. Genera associated with persistent generalized disease included Actinomyces, Alloprevotella, Capnocytophaga, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Mogibacterium, Saccharibacteria [G‐1], Selenomonas and Treponema. “Successfully treated” patients harboured higher proportions of Haemophilus, Rothia, and Lautropia and of Corynebacterium, Streptococcus and Peptidiphaga genera. Overall, patients with persistent generalized AgP (GAgP) revealed higher alpha diversity compared to persistent localized AgP (LAgP) and stable patients (p < .001). Beta diversity analyses revealed significant differences only between stable and persistent GAgP groups (p = .004).ConclusionPatients with persistent AgP showed a more dysbiotic subgingival biofilm than those who have been successfully treated. It remains to be established whether such differences were predisposing to disease activity or were a result of a dysbiotic change associated with disease recurrence in the presence of sub‐standard supportive periodontal therapy or other patient‐related factors.
Antagonistic interactions subdue inter‐species green‐beard cooperation in bacteria
Authors: Sathe Santosh , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCooperation can be favoured through the green‐beard mechanism, where a set of linked genes encodes both a cooperative trait and a phenotypic marker (green beard), which allows carriers of the trait to selectively direct cooperative acts to other carriers. In theory, the green‐beard mechanism should favour cooperation even when interacting partners are totally unrelated at the genome level. Here, we explore such an extreme green‐beard scenario between two unrelated bacterial species—Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia, which share a cooperative locus encoding the public good pyochelin (an iron‐scavenging siderophore) and its cognate receptor (green beard) required for iron–pyochelin uptake. We show that pyochelin, when provided in cell‐free supernatants, can be mutually exchanged between species and provide fitness benefits under iron limitation. However, in co‐culture we observed that these cooperative benefits vanished and communities were dominated by P. aeruginosa, regardless of strain background and species starting frequencies. Our results further suggest that P. aeruginosa engages in interference competition to suppress B. cenocepacia, indicating that inter‐species conflict arising from dissimilarities at the genome level overrule the aligned cooperative interests at the pyochelin locus. Thus, green‐beard cooperation is subdued by competition, indicating that interspecific siderophore cooperation is difficult to evolve and to be maintained.