bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESALINASI AIR LIMBAH PABRIK TAHU MENGGUNAKAN MEMBRAN SILIKA DENGAN PREKURSOR TEOS (Tetraethyl orthosilicate)
Authors: Elma Muthia , Riskawati Nur , Marhamah Marhamah 
Published: December 2019

Abstrak: Air limbah pabrik tahu jika dibuang langsung ke lingkungan menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan yang akan merusak kualitas air, terutama air limbah tersebut dialirkan ke badan sungai. Oleh sebab itu, sangatlah diperlukan suatu teknologi yang efisien untuk pengolahan air limbah tahu ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh performansi membran silika pada proses desalinasi via pervaporasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyiapkan silika sol yang dipersiapkan dari proses sol-gel menggunakan prekursor TEOS dalam larutan etanol. Selanjutnya adalah dengan menggunakan metode “2 step acid and base catalysts” dengan menggunakan HNO3 dan NH3 sebagai katalis. Silica thin film yang dihasilkan berupa sol di-dipcoating dan kemudian dilakukan proses kalsinasi pada suhu 600oC selama 1 jam menggunakan metode RTP (Rapid Thermal Process). Jumlah lapisan/layer dari membran silika tersebut adalah berdasarkan pengulangan proses dipcoating dan kalsinasi yang mana pada penelitian ini menggunakan variasi 3 layer. Performansi membran ini dilakukan dengan proses desalinasi via pervaporasi dengan menggunakan air limbah tahu yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh air bersih. Adapun nilai water flux membrane ini berkisar antara 1,74 – 1,48 kg m-2 h-1 dengan rejection berkisar antara 93,63 – 89.27 %. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa membrane silika bisa mengolah air limbah tahu menjadi potable water walaupun nilai water flux perlu ditingkatkan. Sebagai tambahan analisis, uji karakteristik membran seperti uji FTIR dilakukan untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dari membran silika dan uji morfologi menggunakan SEM untuk mengetahui ketebalan lapisan membran yang dihasilkan. Keywords: limbah tahu, water flux, rejection, membran silika dan pervaporasi.
PRODUKSI BAHAN BAKAR PADAT DARI TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN METODE HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT
Authors: Irsan Muhammad , Yuliansyah Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman , Purwono Suryo 
Published: December 2019

Abstrak- Hidrotermal treatment merupakan salah satu proses konversi biomassa menggunakan air sebagai media sekaligus reaktan dalam prosesnya. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan proses hidrotermal terhadap tempurung kelapa, yang merupakan salah satu sumber biomassa yang jumlahnya cukup besar di Indonesia. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan menggunakan autoklaf yang beroperasi secara batch dan dilengkapi dengan pengaduk, sensor temperatur dan tekanan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan variasi berupa perbandingan Biomass Water (B/W ratio) 1:20 dan suhu 240, 270, 300, 330 0C. Tempurung kelapa yang sudah dihaluskan (berukuran -32+48 mesh) sebanyak 7,5 gram dicampur dengan 150 ml air. Kemudian dimasukkan dalam autoklaf yang kemudian ditutup rapat. Sebelum dimulai ekperimen, udara yang ada di dalam autoklaf di-purge menggunakan gas N2 sebanyak tiga kali, kemudian tekanan di dalam autoklaf dinaikkan menjadi 10 bar juga dengan memasukkan gas N2. Setelah itu, pemanas dinyalakan untuk mencapai suhu yang diharapkan, dan dipertahankan selama 30 menit, dan kemudian pemanas dimatikan. Setelah autoklaf dingin, campuran dikeluarkan dari dalam autoklaf dan kemudian disaring dengan bantuan pompa vacuum. Padatan yang tersaring kemudian dihitung yield-nya dan dianalisis dengan proximate dan ultimate analysis. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa semakin tinggi suhu yang digunakan maka semakin rendah yield produk arang yang dihasilkan. Yield yang diperoleh yaitu 50,60% (240 0C) dan 32,44% (330 0C). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa kandungan carbon dalam padatan naik, diiringi dengan penurunan kandungan oksigen yang menyebabkan naiknya nilai kalor produk padatan. Nilai kalor tertinggi dicapai pada suhu 330 0C yakni sebesar 6.282 cal/g. Kata kunci: hidrotermal, biomassa, yield, nilai kalor.
PEMANFAATAN PATI GEMBILI (Dioscorea esculenta) MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN METODE HIDROLISIS ASAM MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HCl
Authors: Rukmini Piyantina , Santosa Insap 
Published: December 2019

Abstrak- Konsumsi gula nasional semakin bertambah tiap tahunnya, selain karena pertumbuhan penduduk, pertumbuhan ekonomi, pertumbuhan industri makanan dan minuman yang membutuhkan gula, juga karena semakin berkurangnya luas perkebunan tebu. Hal ini menyebabkan alternatif pemenuhan gula dengan mencari sumber alam hayati lainnya. Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) merupakan salah satu jenis umbi minor (jenis umbi yang pengembangan budidaya dan pemanfaatan hasilnya belum mendapat prioritas oleh pemerintah, populasinya belum terbatas dan belum terancam kelestariannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu terhadap perolehan berat pati, pengaruh HCl dan suhu hidrolisis terhadap kadar glukosa yang diperoleh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hidrolisis asam menggunakan Erlenmeyer 250 mL sebanyak 6 buah. Pati disuspensikan ke dalam air dan HCl dengan volume total 100 mL di dalam Erlenmeyer. Suspensi di masukkan ke dalam autoclave, dibiarkan sampai pada suhu yang dikehendaki dan suhu dipertahankan dengan mengatur pemanas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada perolehan pati sebanyak 57,58 g, kemudian melalui proses hidrolisis dengan pemanasan suhu 1200C dan konsentrasi HCl 0,25 N menghasilkan glukosa sebanyak 23,08 g/100mL. Kata kunci: Pati, gembili, hidrolisis, hidrolisis asam, glukosa
SYNTHESIS OF ACTIVATED CARBON (AC) FROM BAMBOO WASTE AS A SUPPORT OF ZINC OXIDE (ZnO) CATALYST
Authors: Fanani Nurull , Ulfindrayani Ika Fitri 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik karbon aktif yang terbuat dari limbah bambu untuk dapat digunakan sebagai pendukung katalis Seng Oksida (ZnO). Limbah bambu yang diperoleh dari industri kerajinan bambu dan bekas pemasangan baliho ini di potong-potong terlebih dahulu agar dapat dimasukkan kedalam reaktor karbonisasi (kalsiner), kemudian dilakukan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400oC selama 2 jam. Karbon yang dihasilkan dari proses karbonisasi diaktivasi dengan menggunakan H3PO4 kemudian di impregnasi dengan katalis Seng oksida (ZnO). Impregnasi dilakukan dengan perbandingan loading katalis yaitu 2,5%, 5% dan 10%. Katalis yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan BET untuk mengetahui luas permukaan dan XRD untuk menunjukkan kristalinitasnya. Sedangkan untuk identifikasi gugus karbon digunakan spektofotometer FTIR. Hasil dari karakterisasi BET menunjukkan luas permukaan sebesar 292.219 m2/g pada loading 10%, hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa katalis yag telah diimpregnasi bersifat amorf atau tidak menunjukkan perubahan dan hasil FTIR menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif yang diperoleh memiliki gugus fungsi OH, C-O, CH, C-OH, dan CH2.
Maize Leaf Disease Image Classification Using Bag of Features
Authors: Syarief Mohammad , Prastiti Novi , Setiawan Wahyudi 
Published: December 2019

Image classification is an image grouping based on similarities features. The features extraction stage is a crucial factor for classifying an image. In the conventional image classification, the features commonly used are morphology, color, and texture with various derivative features. The type and number of appropriate features will affect the classification results. In this study, image classification by using the Bag of Features (BOF) method which can generate features automatically. It consists of 4 stages: feature point location by using grid method, feature extraction by using Speed Up Robust Feature (SURF), clustering word-visual vocabularies by using k-means, and classification by using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The classification data are maize leaf images from the PlantVillage-Dataset. The data consists of 3 types of images: RGB, grayscale and segmentation images. Each type includes four classes: healthy, Cercospora, common rust, and northern leaf blight. There are 50 images for each class. We used two scenarios of testing for each type of data: training and validation, 70% and 80% images for training, and the rest for validation. Experimental results showed that the validation accuracies of RGB, grayscale, and segmentation images were 82%, 77%, and 85%.
PEMETAAN POLA PERGERAKAN PENANGKAPAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA SATELIT DAN PURSE SEINE DI SELAT MAKASSAR SELAMA JULI-OKTOBER 2018
Authors: Oktari Ahmad Rezha , Ridwan Muhammad , Zainuddin Mukti , Musbir Musbir 
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan memetakan pola pergerakan ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus Pelamis) pada bulan Juli – Oktober 2018 dengan fishing base di Kabupaten Pinrang di Selat Makassar. Data yang digunakan yaitu data primer yang dikumpulkan dengan mengikuti operasi penangkapan purse seine dan dikombinasikan dengan data sekunder yaitu citra satelit suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a yang diperoleh dari satelit Aqua modis sesuai dengan waktu penelitian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dimana data sampling dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistic General Additive Model (GAM) yang menganalisis hasil tangkapan dan beberapa parameter oseanografi. Dari hasil tersebut kemudian dilakukan analisis dengan tehnik spasial analisis pada sistem informasi geografis (SIG) menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcGis 10.2 sehingga didapatkan pola pergerakan ikan cakalang di Perairan Selat Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pergerakan ikan cakalang pada bulan Juli sampai Oktober secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi Klorofil-a. Pola pergerakan ikan cakalang di Perairan Selat Makassar yaitu pada bulan Juli – Agustus 2018 berada di Perairan Pare pare – Barru, Sulawesi selatan dan bulan September gerombolan ikan bergerak ke arah barat lepas pantai. Selanjutnya pada bulan Oktober konsentrasi ikan cenderung bergerak terus ke arah barat mendekati perairan pantai Kotabaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Diduga kuat pola pergerakan ikan cakalang terkait dengan pola distribusi makanan ikan / nutrient yang diindikasikan oleh kondisi klorofil-a.
Intramedullary Limb-Lengthening
Authors: Iobst Christopher A. 
Published: December 2019

» With the use of blocking screws, acute deformity corrections can be combined with intramedullary limb-lengthening.» Tibial lengthening with an intramedullary nail requires a longer latency period and a gentle rate and rhythm compared with tibial lengthening with an external fixator.» Preparatory surgery is necessary to stabilize the adjacent joints before performing intramedullary limb-lengthening in patients with congenital limb-length discrepancy.
Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken Meat in the west of Iran
Authors: zarei omid , Shokoohizadeh Leili , Hossainpour Hadi , Alikhani Mohammad Yousef 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is known as a crucial zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Totally, 257 raw chicken meat were collected from markets in Hamadan, west of Iran. The samples were cultured on selective culture media and the virulence genes of E. coli isolates were analyzed by PCR. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by the disk diffusion method. The genetic relatedness of the E. coli O157 isolates was analyzed by ERIC-PCR. Results: Totally, 93 (36%; 95% CI 41.9- 30.1%) isolates were identified as E. coli. Based on microbiological tests, 36 (38.7%; 95% CI 48.6-28.8), 7 (7.5%; 95% CI 12.8-2.2%), and 12 (12.9%; 95% CI 19.7- 6.1%) of the E. coli isolates were characterized as STEC, Enteropathogenic E. coli, and attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) strains, respectively. A high level of resistance to nalidixic acid (91.4%; 95% CI 97.1- 85.7%), tetracycline (89.8%; 95% CI 96.2-83.5%), ampicillin (82.8%; 95% CI 90.2-75.1%), and sulfametoxazole-trimotoprime (71%; 95% CI 80.2-61.8%) was detected among the E. coli isolates. The analysis of ERIC-PCR results showed five different ERIC types among the E. coli O157 isolates. Based on findings, control and check-up of poultry meats should be considered as a crucial issue for public health.
Atmiyata, a community-led intervention to address common mental disorders: Study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India
Authors: Joag Kaustubh , Kalha Jasmine , Pandit Deepa , Chatterjee Susmita , Krishnamoorthy Sadhvi , Shields-Zeeman Laura , Pathare Soumitra 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: While lay-health worker models for mental health care have proven to be effective in controlled trials, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness and scalability of these models in rural communities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Atmiyata is a rural community-led intervention using local community volunteers, called Champions, to identify and provide a package of community-based interventions for mental health, including evidence-based counseling for persons with common mental disorders (CMD). Methods: The impact of the Atmiyata intervention is evaluated through a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (SW-CRCT) with a nested economic evaluation. The trial is implemented across 10 sub-blocks (645 villages) in Mehsana district in the state of Gujarat, with a catchment area of 1.52 million rural adults. There are 56 primary health centers (PHCs) in Mehsana district and villages covered under these PHCs are equally divided into four groups of clusters of 14 PHCs each. The intervention is rolled out in a staggered manner in these groups of villages at an interval of 5 months. The primary outcome is symptomatic improvement measured through the GHQ-12 at a 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include: quality of life using the EURO-QoL (EQ- 5D), symptom improvement measured by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20), functioning using the World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS-12), depression symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), anxiety symptoms using Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and social participation using the Social Participation Scale (SPS). Generalized linear mixed effects model is employed for binary outcomes and linear mixed effects model for continuous outcomes. A Return on Investment (ROI) analysis of the intervention will be conducted to understand whether the intervention generates any return on financial investments made into the project. Discussion: Stepped wedge designs are increasingly used a design to evaluate the real-life effectiveness of interventions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first SW-CRCT in a low- and middle-income country evaluating the impact of the implementation of a community mental health intervention. The results of this study will contribute to the evidence on scaling-up lay health worker models for mental health interventions and contribute to the SW-CRCT literature in low- and middle-income countries.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of tetracosactide in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches (ESYBRECHE): A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Depaulis Celia , Steer Nadia , Garessus Léa , Chassard Dominique , Aubrun Frederic 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common complications of neuraxial anaesthesia. It limits patients’ general activity and increases length of hospital stay and use of care. It is particularly disabling during the postpartum period, when mothers have to take care of their child. Epidural blood patch is the standard treatment for PDPH. However, it is an invasive procedure that may result in rare but serious complications. Recent evidence has suggested that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is effective in the management of PDPH. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of tetracosactide (Synacthen ® ), a synthetic analogue of ACTH, for PDPH treatment in patients who receive neuraxial anaesthesia during labour.
Method
This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial, is performed in two French university hospitals. Eligible patients are those suffering from postpartum PDPH, who are randomised to receive either 1 mg of tetracosactide intravenously over 20 min, or 0.9% saline (placebo). The primary endpoint is the rate of epidural blood patch within a 15-day follow-up period. Headache duration, pain intensity, reduction of general activity, increase in length of hospital stay, adverse events, analgesic use (type and duration), and number of blood patches per patient in each group are recorded.
Discussion
We expect a decrease in the use of epidural blood patch in those receiving tetracosactide, thus indicating a decrease in PDPH symptoms in these patients. This will define the therapeutic success of tetracosactide and the possibility to use this treatment as a non-invasive alternative to blood patch for PDPH treatment.
Retrospective analysis of cases of intraoperative awareness in a large multi-hospital health system reported in the early postoperative period
Authors: Deis Amanda S. , Schnetz Michael P. , Ibinson James W. , Vogt Keith M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Awareness with recall under general anesthesia remains a rare but important issue that warrants further study. Methods : We present a series of seven cases of awareness that were identified from provider-reported adverse event data from the electronic anesthesia records of 647,000 general anesthetics. Results : The low number of identified cases suggests an under-reporting bias. Nonetheless, some important themes emerge from this small series that can serve as important reminders to anesthesia providers to ensure delivery of an adequate anesthetic for each patient. Commonalities between a majority of our identified anesthetic awareness cases include: obesity, use of total intravenous anesthesia, use of neuromuscular blockade, and either a lack of processed electroencephalogram ( EEG ) monitoring or documented high depth of consciousness index values. An interesting phenomenon was observed in one case, where adequately-dosed anesthesia was delivered without technical issue, processed EEG monitoring was employed, and the index value suggested an adequate depth of consciousness throughout the case. Conclusions : Provider-reported adverse event data in the immediate post-operative period are likely insensitive for detecting cases of intraoperative awareness. Themes identified in this series of cases of awareness under general anesthesia provide important reminders for anesthesia providers to maintain vigilance in monitoring depth and dose of anesthesia, particularly with total intravenous anesthesia.
The last week of life of nursing home residents with advanced dementia: a retrospective study
Authors: Toscani Franco , Finetti Silvia , Giunco Fabrizio , Basso Ines , Rosa Debora , Pettenati Francesca , Bussotti Alessandro , Villani Daniele , Gentile Simona , Boncinelli Lorenzo , Monti Massimo , Spinsanti Sandro , Piazza Massimo , Charrier Lorena , Giulio Paola Di 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Barriers to palliative care still exist in long-term care settings for older people, which can mean that people with advanced dementia may not receive of adequate palliative care in the last days of their life; instead, they may be exposed to aggressive and/or inappropriate treatments. The aim of this multicentre study was to assess the clinical interventions and care at end of life in a cohort of nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia in a large Italian region. Methods: This retrospective study included a convenience sample of 29 NHs in the Lombardy Region. Data were collected from the clinical records of 482 residents with advanced dementia, who had resided in the NH for at least 6 months before death, mainly focusing on the seven days before death. Results: Most residents (97.1%) died in the NH. In the seven days before death, 20% were fed and hydrated by mouth, and 13.4% were tube fed. A median of five, often inappropriate, drugs were prescribed. Fifty-seven percent of residents had an acknowledgement of worsening condition recorded in their clinical records, a median of four days before death. Conclusions: Full implementation of palliative care was not achieved in our study, possibly due to insufficient acknowledgement of the appropriateness of some drugs and interventions, and health professionals’ lack of implementation of palliative interventions. Future studies should focus on how to improve care for NH residents.
GC-PROM: Validation of a patient-reported outcomes measure for Chinese patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Hu Xiaojuan , Zhao Fen , Yu Hongmei , Luo Yanhong , Liu Jinchun , Zhang Yanbo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: There is increasing recognition that PROs are important in the estimation of the burden of long-term survival among patients with gastric cancer. The study aimed to develop a disease-specific instrument to assess patient-reported outcomes for Chinese patients with gastric cancer.
Method: Following the FDA’s draft guidance for patient-reported outcome, conceptual framework and item pool were defined based on relevant existing work. A draft scale was formed after revising some items based on feedback from experts and Chinese patients with gastric cancer. The pre-survey and formal survey were conducted in eight different hospitals in Shanxi Province, and two item-selection process based on classical test theory and item response theory. Finally, the patient-reported outcomes measure for Chinese patients with gastric cancer (GC-PROM) was validated in terms of reliability, validity, and feasibility. The minimal clinically important difference was determined by distribution-based method.
Results: The final GC-PROM consisted of 38 items, 13 subdomains, and 4 domains. Reliability was verified by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for four domains and 13 subdomains respectively. The validity results showed that the multidimensional scale fulfilled expectations. In the formal survey, the completion rate was 96.16%, and the average filling time was less than half an hour. The values of the minimal clinically important difference were 4.14, 3.41, 3.37, and 3.28 in the four domains.
Conclusions: The GC-PROM had good reliability, validity, and feasibility and thus can be considered an effective clinical evaluation instrument for Chinese patients with gastric cancer.