bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Substance Use Among High School Students in Jordan
Authors: Hamdan-Mansour Ayman M. , AL-Sagarat Ahmad Yahya , Shehadeh Jumana H. , Al Thawabieh Sumaya S. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Substance use is becoming a global health problem that concerns health
professionals and decision makers. Studies showed that teens are at higher risk for substance use.

Purpose:
the purpose of this study was to examine the prediction power of the selected sociodemographic
and psychological factors on substance use among high school students in Jordan. Specific
aims were; 1) to explore substance use among high school students in Jordan, and 2) to examine the
prediction power of sociodemographic and psychological factors on substance use among high
school students in Jordan.

Methods:
This is a predictive cross-sectional study where data was collected using self-administered
questionnaires from a convenience sample of 1497 high school students in the central district of Jordan.

Results:
Students who reported that they have never used stimulant agent were 91.5%, tranquilizer
sedative 87.2%, hypnotic agent 85.8% and antidepressant agent 94.5%, while those never used nicotine
were 81.7%. Coping efficacy (crude OR = 1.07, CI 95% = 1.03 – 1.12), psychological distress
(crude OR = 1.07, CI 95% = 1.03 – 1.11), and perceived social support from family (crude OR =
1.20, CI 95% = 0.95 – 1.24) were significantly associated with substance use. While perceived social
support from friends was not.

Conclusion:
High school students are at risk for the use of various forms of substances and mainly
the over counter ones. Legitimate rules of screening and using substance prevention programs at
high schools considering the psychological factors is a priority for school health professionals and
policy makers.
Prescription Pattern Analysis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Inpatients and Associated Co-Morbidities
Authors: Ashok Purnima , Subrahmanian Vijesh Thollur , Raj Rinju , Babu Rahul Rajendra , P. Ramshad T. , L. Kevin 
Published: May 2020

Background: The present study was planned to assess the prescription pattern analysis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus and associated co-morbidities. As per WHO, the worldwide prevalence of DM will reach 366 million by 2030. Evaluating drug prescription pattern is a major aspect of patient care, which is used as a measure of the quality of care provided. Objectives: Primary objectives of the study were to highlight the current prescription pattern trends in patients having diabetes mellitus with or without other co-morbid conditions, to ensure safety and rational use of prescribed regimen. And the secondary objectives of the study were to analyse the demographic information of the enrolled patients and also to identify and analyse the prescriptions with polypharmacy. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted to analyse the prescribing pattern of anti-diabetic drugs. The study incorporated 100 Type II DM inpatients having comorbid conditions. The study has been conducted with the help of WHO prescribing indicator scale. It is used to analyse drug class, generic and branded drugs, fixed dose combination and dosage form. Patient data was collected and medical data records were analysed daily till discharge from hospital. Results: It was found that most of the drugs have been prescribed are purely from Karnataka Essential Medicine list (KEML). And percentages of medicines prescribed on their generic name were 76%. About 51% of patients were treated only with oral hypoglycemic agents. Whereas, 38% were treated with Insulin and 11% were treated with both oral hypoglycemic agents and Insulin. Conclusion: Improved rational use of prescription by using Essential Medicine List (EML).And also ensured the appropriateness of prescription by using WHO scale. Several Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)have been reported and which leads to improved prescription pattern.
Keywords: Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Prescribing Indicator, Co-Morbidities.
Comparative Study of Chitosan and Carboxy Methyl Chitosan Nanoparticles in Mefenamic Acid Drug Delivery
Authors: Vedavahini Parankusham , Sailu Chintha 
Published: May 2020

Nanoparticle based technologies improve the efficiency and speed of already existing processes.The larger size materials and reagents which are in reactive form, can be nanosized to give efficient output. Chitosan and the carboxy methyl chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by using solvent evaporation nanoprecpitation method, loaded with mefenamic acid, (anthranilic acid derivative) a poorly aqueous soluble drug. Mefenamic acid, if used as conventional dosage form, duration of action was 6 hours; when the drug loaded into Chitosan and the carboxy methyl chitosan nanoparticles the drug release profile was up to 26hrs. The particle size, entrapment efficiency, poly dispersity index, drug loading, drug release profiles of mefenamic acid were compared for both nanoparticles and it was observed that carboxy methyl chitosan nanoparticles released mefenamic acid more effectively than chitosan nanoparticles.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Carboxy methyl chitosan, Mefenamic acid
A review on various aspect of COVID-19
Authors: Sherpa Lakpa Sangay 
Published: May 2020

This review is virtually focused on the current pandemic (Covid-19) , its pathogenesis and recent treatment available till date .As ,we know that covid-19, caused by SARS-COV 2 is highly mutating and transmissible virus which has put a new challange for development of vaccines and drugs to researchers worldwide. Among Corona virus, SARS-COV 2 is a 7th corona virus which is highly transmissible from human to human and no vaccines are available till date, due to this it has become a global threat for human being. It is believed to be zoonotic disease but no clean evidence of it main source has been known
Keywords: SARS-COV 2, Pandemic, Pneumonia, respiratory system.
Efficient Enhancement in Itraconazole Solubility through its Cyclodextrin-Water Soluble Polymer Ternary Inclusion Complexes
Authors: SID Dounia , BAITICHE Milad , ELBAHRI Zineb , DJERBOUA Ferhat , MESSALTI Sabrine , BOUTAHALA Mokhtar 
Published: May 2020

The aim of this work is the enhancement of the hydrosolubility behaviour of a poorly soluble, weakly basic drug, using itraconazole (ITZ) as a case example. Binary inclusion complexes of ITZ with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) are prepared in 1:2 molar ratios of ITZ to β-CD by co-evaporation method. Both solubility and dissolution behaviour are compared with that of the pure drug. Ternary complexes can be obtained by adding the polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) which is a highly water soluble polymer, in the ITZ/ β-CD complex formation. Actually, Solid state analysis is performed for all formulations and for pure ITZ applying the Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (pX-RD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Solubility tests indicate that with all formulation, the solubility of ITZ formed with β-CD or β-CD and PVP proved to be increased. The obtained results show that the pure drug has a poor dissolution property, and the ternary inclusion complexes resulted in fast and extensive release of ITZ.
Keywords: Itraconazole, β-cyclodextrin, polyvinylpyrrolidone.
A Prospective Observational Study on Rational Use of Antibiotics for Paediatric Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hussaini Syeda Zaineb Kubra , Rani G. Tulja , Murthy Dr. , Kumar Sathish , Dyavarishetty Shravya , Prasanna Cherala Laxmi , Praneeth Goli 
Published: May 2020

Background: Antibiotic drug overuse and inappropriate antibiotic drug selection are associated with increased drug resistance among respiratory pathogens (most notably, Streptococcus pneumoniae), possible progression to chronic disease, and increased treatment costs.[1] The selection of an antibiotic for prophylaxis should be based on known or likely target pathogens, for a short duration of time.
Objective: To evaluate Rational use of antibiotics in Paediatric patients suffering from Respiratory tract infections.
Method: It was Prospective, observational study conducted by random selection of patients. Based on diagnosis, the study population was categorized into 2 groups: Upper respiratory tract infections and Lower respiratory tract infections. The study population was interviewed after obtaining written informed consent for information like demographics, diagnosis, treatment and antibiotics prescribed.
Results and Discussion: In our study population, it was observed that male patient (74%) were higher than female patients (26%). Total number of antibiotics prescribed during the study period is 83. Most commonly prescribed antibiotic was Augmentin (Amoxicillin +Clavulanic acid) of dose (450mg IV BD) which is the combination drug, i.e, more effective than individual antibiotic drugs.
Conclusion: In the present study it is observed that 4-different classes of antibiotics-Pencillins,Cephalosporins,Macrolides and Aminoglycosides were prescribed and used for different Respiratory diseases.The percentage of average antibiotic utilization is highest in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection with (55.22%).Mostly used Antibiotic in males for both LRTI and URTI is Augmentin with the percentage of (52%) and (80%) respectively.Where as in females it is observed that in both LRTI and URTI mostly used Antibiotic is Augmentin with percentage of (38.8%) and( 80%) respectively.Overall Second mostly used antibiotic is Ceftriaxone.
Keywords: pediatrics, lower and upper respiratory tract infections, antibiotics.
Anti-Inflammatulatory Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic Bark Extracts of Piliostigma reticulatum Hochst (Caesalpiniaceae) and Analysis by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS of its Methanol Fraction
Authors: Dieng Serigne Ibra Mbacke , Mathieu Céline , Séne Madièye , Badji-Diatta Kady , Sarr Abdou , Fall Alioune Dior 
Published: May 2020

Use of plants as remedies dates back to the time of the oldest civilizations. Among these active ingredients, polyphenols play an important role. Piliostigma reticulatum, a plant whose barks are rich in condensed tannin is often used as an anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this work was to correlate the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts with their chemical composition through chromatography fractionation analyses (HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS). The barks were extracted by moderate hydroethanol decoction followed by silica gel splitting with successively ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the method of carrageenan induced hind paw edema in Wistar rats. The chemical study was carried out by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS after isolation of the compounds by fractionation on Sephadex LH-20 gel. The bark hydroethanolic extract had shown ability to inhibit significantly the inflammation induced by carraghenan. Among the hydroethanolic bark extract fractions that methanol fraction had the best activity at 10 mg/kg with inhibition percentages similar to those of acetylsalicylic acid with 48.51% ± 2.26; 54.71% ± 5.13; 64.19% ± 6.70 vs. 54.69% ± 7.23; 57.83% ± 9; 65.13% ± 8.44 respectively. The HPLC-DAD analysis showed that the SF5 sub-fraction presented the best chromatogram with several peaks, three of which were high intensity. The latter would correspond to monomer, dimer and trimer of catechin according to the weights [M-H] + m / z: 291.07; 579.18; 867.27 obtained by HPLC-MS. The compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory activity would be condensed tannins. The latter would consist mainly of catechin oligomers.
Keys words: Piliostigma reticulatum, bark, anti-inflammatory activity, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS
The Effect of Meditation in Insomnia due to Stress: A Case Study
Authors: Sujeethasai Krishna 
Published: May 2020

Meditation is the seventh of the eight limbs of Yoga in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, is also called as Dhyana. Meditation is the process of quieting the mind in order to spend time in thought for relaxation or spiritual purposes. Insomnia is a sleep disorder that regularly affects millions of people worldwide due to stress. Causes of insomnia include psychological factors, medications and hormone levels. Yoga aasanas, Pranayama and meditation are commonly using to manage stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of meditation in a patient suffering from insomnia due to stress. A case study was carried out in District Ayurveda Hospital - Mullaitivu. A 65 years old female patient came to the Out-patient Department for sleep disturbance. During the interrogation, found that she was in stress. Meditation technique was demonstrated and advised to visit to the clinic alternative days for 2 weeks. The technique was applied for 30 minutes and she felt calm, relax and sleepiness during the procedure. She advised to do regularly in night times. The patient was relived 50% of stress and could be able sleep well after 2 weeks. According to this study Meditation is good for stress management and can be suggested to the patients who have insomnia due to stress. Further study should be made on large study population, control study and standard meditation protocol for confirmation.
Keywords: Yogic Meditation, insomnia, stress
Articulation of Quality By Design Elements for Product Development and its Unique Applications
Authors: Sitre Dnyaneshwar , Kamble Ravindra 
Published: May 2020

Quality by Design (QbD) is a methodical approach to pharmaceutical product development that begins with predefined objectives and emphasizes product and process comprehension and process control based on sound science and quality risk management. Pharmaceutical development should lead to the design a quality product and its manufacturing process to meet the QTPP and CQA parameters. To arrive at the robust product development QbD articulation is important which is missing in most of the reviews. This review articulates the QbD elements in the product development. QbD process stars with identification of QTPP and source CQA from QTPP. CMAs and CPPs are derived with risk assessment from the product ingredients and process. Their impact on the CQAs can be studies with DoE tools. The information and knowledge gained from pharmaceutical development studies and manufacturing experience provide scientific understanding to support the design space and control strategy. Product process follows life cycle management approach with continuous improvement. PAT tools are utilized for the online monitoring of the processes. This review paper is dedicated to provide QbD element articulation in product development and its unique applications in the various areas of the product development such as Biotechnology, Nanotechnology products, Nasal products, Inhalation, Injectable products, Targeted drug delivery, complex Solid oral, Transdermal and topical products, Bioavailability and dissolution enhancement, Analytical processes and API manufacturing etc. Current trends in the technical application of the PAT tools are discussed.
Keywords: Quality by Design (QbD), Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP), Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) and Design of Experiment (DoE): Product development application of QbD
Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of Banana Starch Tartrate and its Application as Disintegrant in Telmisartan Tablets
Authors: Puri Abhijeet Vishnu , Khandagale Prakash D. , Tiwari Ankita U. , Chaudhary Rekhadevi H. , Kartan Sonam B. 
Published: May 2020

The present investigation was aimed to isolate banana starch (BS), synthesis of banana starch tartrate (BST), characterization, and application as a novel disintegrant in telmisartan tablets. Starch tartrate was synthesized by the esterification process by the treatment of tartaric acid on the backbone of the BS. Synthesized BST was found to be fine, slightly free-flowing and crystalline powder. The synthesized BST was subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and micrometric evaluation. Flow properties of BS and BST were determined as an angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, etc. BST exhibited good swelling properties and showed no gelling at 100°C but it was transformed into a clear solution. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) did not show the presence of any significant interaction between BST and Telmisartan(T). The direct compression technique was employed in formulating telmisartan tablets using BST sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone as a disintegrant. Tablets were comparatively evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, and disintegration. The tablets formulated using BS and BST passed prescribed evaluation tests for weight variation, friability, hardness, and thickness. The tablets formulated using BST as disintegrant gave optimum disintegration compared to those tablets containing sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone sodium super disintegrants. Evaluations indicated that synthesized BST shows qualitatively and quantitatively good disintegration characteristics in comparison to super disintegrants in telmisartan tablet formulation. These results suggest that the synthesized BST could be used as a novel semi-synthetic disintegrant in dispersible tablet formulations.
Keywords: Banana Starch, Banana Starch tartrate, Telmisartan, Superdisintegrant
Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Roots
Authors: Bekhaled Imene , Benalia Abdelkrim , Mehida Hayet , Meziani Samira , Tarfaoui Luiza , Djjebar Ahmed Abdelhamid , Mai Abdesslam Hicham , Bensaid Illias , Demmouche Abassia 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a medicinal plant used in alternative medicine for its multiple therapeutic and preventive properties. However, insufficient data are available about its toxicity.
Materials and methods: dandelion roots total extract vas prepared by maceration for 24 hours and its toxicity was then assessed on 30 WISTAR male rats divided into four experimental groups receiving the extract at different rates, and one control group treated with the vehicle. Changes in renal, hepatic, lipid, and hematological parameters as well as signs of acute toxicity were noted during 15 days after the one dose extract administration.
Results and discussion: The obtained results reveal a very significant (p<0.01) disruption of transaminases but not renal, lipid and hematological parameters.
The acute toxicity study demonstrated that dendelion roots extract has low intraperitoneal toxicity with a LD50 ranged between 500 and 5000 mg/kg.
Conclusion: Dandelion's richness in secondary metabolites and its low in vivo toxicity make it a good candidate as a source of drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
Keywords: Dandelion, Acute toxicity, LD50, Transaminases, lipids, hematology
Evaluation of acute oral toxicity study of essential oils (Eos) from Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin in Wistar rats
Authors: Pradeep DP , Murugan K , Manoj G S 
Published: May 2020

The use of crude herbal decoctions in the traditional treatment of diseases is a common practice. Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin are commonly used for treatment of diverse categories of diseases such as infectious and non-infectious disease. Native people use the crude decoctions as bactericidal, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insecticidal activities. Its safety profile is not yet elucidated and therefore, this study was to analyze the acute toxicity of essential oils (Eos) from P. benghalensis and P. cablin as medicinal. Methods include acute toxicity study using male and female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days as per the guidelines of OECD. Visual observations were carried regularly during the experimental period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 7th and 14th days. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried. Oral administration of Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin revealed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In acute toxicity studies, no remarkable treatment related anomalies were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology did not showed sound variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in the treated groups in 7th day as compared to control groups. No significant variations between male and female groups in relative organ weight, hematology were noticed. In conclusion, the Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin showed LD50 > 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity studies.
Keywords: Pogostemon benghalensis, P. cablin, traditional medicine, safety, plant medicine, adverse effect, acute oral toxicity
Psychological and Anxiety/Depression Level Assessment among Quarantine People during Covid19 Outbreak
Authors: Sharma Kushagra , Saji Joseph , Kumar Ranjeet , Raju Abins 
Published: May 2020

Background- Covid-19 outbreak results in lockdown of provinces by isolating the infected ones and quarantine the population to prevent community spread of corona virus. During quarantine people has to restrict their movement and keep themselves under self-isolation at their home to prevent infections. In long quarantine period it may create psychological or anxiety/depression problem for some people. The objective of our study is to assess and understand the level of psychological, anxiety/depression in quarantine people during covid19 outbreak.
Methods- Self-designed digital questionnaire has been used to assess the psychological and anxiety/depression level. The questionnaire contains questions about demographic, socio-assessment, anxiety/depression and psychological assessment. The questionnaire was circulated via digital medium.
Result- Total 181 quarantined people were participated in our study, most of our population ages between of 21-30. General health of our participants is moderately good, Socio-status of our participants is fairly effected may be due to restrict movement and conservative way of living during quarantine period. 60.8% of participants become nervous some of the time, about 50% of participants shows the anxiety/depression symptoms, about 30% of our participants are somewhat affected by their sleeping patterns and about 35% participants are sometimes unsatisfied or slightly satisfied during quarantine period. Apart from this out of 181 participants 15 people are having travel history of International or national destinations. The overall mean is 2.2 and SD is 0.6.
Conclusion-We found somewhat negative emotions (anxiety/depression, Socio status) in people during quarantine. Which may show low quality of life or low satisfactory life.
Keywords: Covid-19, lockdown, quarantine, anxiety, depression
El arte de generar comunidad o sobre la comunicación en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Di Berardino María Aurelia 
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de esta intervención es proponer una reflexión filosófica sobre las condiciones actuales utilizando como recurso el encuentro de dos propuestas de autores pragmatistas. Por un lado, el estudio de las emociones beligerantes en la obra de William James y, por el otro, el alcance de la opinión pública desde la perspectiva de John Dewey. Entrelaza a ambos autores, la necesidad de buscar una salida a este presente con arte e imaginación.