bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reanalysis of the collapse of the Heidegroeve: subsidence over an abandoned room and pillar mine due to previously unknown mine workings underneath
Authors: Bekendam Roland Frits 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the region of Maastricht, both in the Netherlands and
in Belgium, about 400 room and pillar mines have been excavated in weak
Upper-Cretaceous limestones. Pillar instability has resulted in a number of
large-scale collapses and serious surface subsidence with faulting and
sinkhole formation. The Heidegroeve used to be a very stable mine for more
than 50 years, until pillars started to fracture and spall unexpectedly in
the summer of 1987. The collapse of the abandoned mine occurred in June
1988, and was initially detected when faults and sinkholes had formed at the
surface. Originally it was postulated that just creep deformation inside this mine
was the main cause. However, a stability analysis revealed that all pillars
inside the collapse area showed sufficient safety factors and should still
be intact, while the weakest part, with several pillars of insufficient
strength, had been fractured but is still standing. In the vicinity of the
collapse area mines have been excavated at a lower level. Therefore it was
postulated that the collapse of the Heidegroeve was related to an unknown
and inaccessible continuation of these mine workings underneath. Indeed,
recent, rather adventurous fieldwork revealed a downward collapse-induced
fault giving access to open galleries and collapse structures about 3.5 m
below the Heidegroeve. Inside the collapse area of the Heidegroeve itself,
accessible through openings between the debris fragments, severe tilting of
gallery floors was observed, which was probably brought about by punching of
pillars of the lower mine. This case study with an unusual result shows that great care must always be
taken in the analysis of the stability of mines and the assessment of the
risk of surface subsidence.
Factors controlling natural subsidence in the Po Plain
Authors: Bruno Luigi , Campo Bruno , Costagli Bianca , Stouthamer Esther , Teatini Pietro , Zoccarato Claudia , Amorosi Alessandro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Understanding the causes and mechanisms of land
subsidence is crucial, especially in densely populated coastal plains. In
this work, we calculated subsidence rates (SR) in the Po coastal plain,
averaged over the last 5.6 and 120 kyr, providing information about land
movements on intermediate (103–105 years) time scales. The calculation
of SR relied upon core-based correlation of two lagoon horizons over tens of
km. Subsidence in the last 120 kyr appears to be controlled mainly by the
location of buried tectonic structures, which in turn controlled
sedimentation rates and location of highly compressible depositional facies.
Numerical modelling shows that subsidence in the last 5.6 kyr is mainly due
to compaction of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits (uppermost 30 m).
Assessment of subsidence and consolidation of dredger fill area based on SBAS-InSAR and laboratory tests
Authors: Yu Qing-bo , Wang Qing , Yan Xue-xin , Yang Tian-liang , Chen Jian-ping , Yao Meng , Zhou Kai , Huang Xin-lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. With the development of economy, land reclamation by dredger fill has become an effective measure to alleviate the shortage of land resources. However, the accompanying subsidence has always been a challenge to the safe use of soil in dredger fill area. In this study, Chongming East Shoal, China, where dredger filling activities are going on in recent years was selected as the study area. SBAS-InSAR was applied to monitor the variation of land subsidence and deformation in the recent two years. Furthermore, a total of 25 undisturbed soil samples including dredger fill and underlying soil were collected from 5 boreholes (maximum depth 55 m), and the land at each borehole had different a formation time. The physical properties and compressibility were tested by laboratory tests. Results show that for the current state, fast to slow subsidence velocity was observed in the reclamation area close to the coastline, which is controlled by building load and geological features of soil layers. The building load is the main factor affecting the land subsidence and special attention should be paid. It is the poor drainage condition of the soil layer in the offshore area resulting in slow subsidence. Consolidation degree and final settlement of soil can be obtained from monitoring data of land subsidence. Based on the settlement-time curve obtained by SBAS-InSAR, the estimated final settlement of typical settlement area is −27.03 to −38.96 mm, and the corresponding consolidation degree is 58.95 % on average. It still takes a long time to achieve stability. In conclusion, land subsidence is essentially the macro-accumulation of drainage consolidation of all the soil layers, so it is controlled by soil structure and engineering geological properties of both dredger fill and underlying soil layer. The research combined with field investigation, laboratory testing can provide a mechanism explanation for monitoring results. Future research will focus on longer monitoring time and a higher sampling frequency to enrich and improve the research.
Assessment of subsidence risk associated with aquifer storage and recovery in the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System, Houston, Texas, USA
Authors: Kelley Van , Turco Michael , Deeds Neil , Petersen Christina , Canonico Chris 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the Houston, Texas region, groundwater use is
regulated by the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (District) because of
historical regional subsidence from groundwater development. The District
regulates groundwater production in the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System
(CLAS) to mitigate subsidence through the implementation of District
Groundwater Regulatory Plan. The District has successfully reduced
groundwater pumping as a percent of demand regionally while controlling
subsidence through the implementation of alternative water supplies. Aquifer
Storage and Recovery (ASR) is an alternative water supply strategy that
provides a means to store water underground and increase water supply more
cost effectively than traditional storage expansion strategies. Groundwater
users in the District are interested in the many potential benefits of ASR
as a water supply strategy. Little is known about the potential effects on
compaction and land surface subsidence resulting from ASR operations.
Recognizing this, the District funded research on the potential subsidence
risk associated with ASR. Two hypothetical, though representative, ASR
projects were developed and analysed: (1) an industrial ASR project meant to
provide water supply during a drought of record (DOR), and (2) a municipal
ASR project designed to provide an annual municipal summer peaking water
supply. Simulations of groundwater hydraulics and subsidence were performed
at three potential locations within the CLAS to provide insight into
variability associated with location and aquifer depth. Theoretical
simulations confirmed the potential for subsidence associated with the
application of ASR in the CLAS, although operating an ASR for summer peaking
needs has less potential risk of subsidence than the DOR scenario in the
scenarios simulated. The study simulations provide insight into how an ASR
project may be designed and operated to minimize compaction and potential
subsidence. Based on this study, ASR operated to address summer peaking
showed the greatest potential to reduce additional compaction verses
sourcing all water from groundwater. This theoretical study provides a basis
for future research on subsidence associated with ASR and provides a
framework for consideration for the regulation of ASR within the District.
A social costs and benefits analysis of peat soil-subsidence towards 2100 in 4 scenarios
Authors: Pelsma Tim A. H. M. , Motelica-Wagenaar Anne Marieke , Troost Simon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Waternet is the executive agency of the regional water
authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht. Water authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht
manages the water levels (ditches) for 19 400 ha of peat meadows
around the Netherlands capital Amsterdam. At present the ditches levels at
about 40–60 cm beneath the peat meadow surface, resulting in a groundwater
level between from 30 until 80 cm below peat surface and a subsidence of
about 9 mm each year. A study was carried out on peat soil subsidence in the
Amstel, Gooi and Vecht water authority water management area towards 2100:
for short term effects (until 2027), midterm effects (until 2050) and longer
term effects (until 2100). This study explores 4 scenarios: (1) present
policy (maintain ditch waterlevel at maximum 60 cm below surface); (2) active
rewetting, groundwater level at surface; (3) passive rewetting, subsidence is
not compensated by lowering of water levels; (4) subsurface irrigation by
submerged drains (infiltration in summer, drainage in winter). The scenarios
are compared on farming, houses, public infrastructure, greenhouse gases and
water management. At present, the total net benefit for farmers are EUR 7 million per year
for the whole area, while the costs for the water authority are EUR 37 million
per year for managing ditches, dikes and pumps. Costs for greenhouse
gases are EUR 18 million (at a price of EUR 40 per ton CO2-eq). Active
rewetting would reduce soil subsidence maximally from 2 to 0.5 m
towards 2100 but reduces the benefits for farming, whilst the costs for
water management stay alike. The costs for greenhouse gases however drops
with EUR 3 million per year immediately because CO2-eq emissions
drops. Best (financial) results (with respect to all stakeholders) on the
long term are booked by passive rewetting with lower costs for water
management, houses, public works and greenhouse gases. This scenario will
eventually take away the farming possibilities, but not before 2050 and
could be too slow to contribute strongly to Paris agreement goals. Best
result with respect to climate for short and long term is active rewetting,
which will drop the greenhouse gas emissions strongly (equivalent of EUR 2.3 million per year), reduce soil subsidence, but makes farming harder (drop
from 7.1 up to EUR 2.5 million per year benefit) and brings no direct reduction
of costs for the water authority. Best result on short term for farmers is
submerged infiltration drains. However, the effect of this scenario on GHG
emission is limited in this study.
Can we elevate the subsiding coastal plain of the Netherlands with controlled sedimentation?
Authors: Koster Kay , Stafleu Jan , Vos Peter C. , van der Meulen Michiel J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Half the surface area of the coastal plain of the
Netherlands has been subsiding below mean sea-level as a result of peatland
drainage. At present, the low elevation is sustained, because sedimentation
necessary to aggrade the coastal plain back to natural elevations is
hampered by engineering structures. Alternatively, controlled sedimentation
is a discussed method to elevate the coastal plain. This can either be
achieved by allowing water courses to deliver sediments to designated areas,
or by anthropogenic deposition. Here, we assess the possibilities of this strategy by determining whether
natural systems or anthropogenic deposition are sufficient to elevate the
surface to mean high water (MHW), taking into account IPCC projected minimum
and maximum forecasted sea-level rise (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5), and predicted
future subsidence. We use the 3D geological subsurface model GeoTOP to
quantify sediments; i.e. clay and sand that were naturally delivered to the
coastal plain by series of tidal inlets and the Rhine river system.
Furthermore, we quantify the amount of anthropogenic deposition, and analyze
documented supplies. Finally, we discuss the implications of controlled
sedimentation in designated areas by providing examples of past embankment
breaches. We quantify that 16.98 km3 of sediments are required to elevate the
surface to MHW, and between 22.41 and 29.29 km3 at the end of the
21st century. We estimate that 45.30 km3 of sediments were
delivered by the tidal systems during 3000 years (52 % sand), 20.18 km3 by the Rhine river system during 8000 years (29 % sand), and
3.59 km3 of anthropogenic deposition. We conclude that the coastal plain of the Netherlands cannot be elevated to
more safe levels with controlled sedimentation. Exceptions are areas
proximal to tidal systems with high sediment yields. Anthropogenic
deposition, combining natural sedimentation with supplied sediments, or
allowing peat growth in inundated areas could be viable alternatives as well
as.
Pilot test of study on brine injection into shallow formation for mitigating land subsidence in the Southern Kanto Gas Field in Japan
Authors: Muraoka Noriyuki , Hayashi Yuji , Nakamura Katsuhiro , Yamaguchi Toshiaki , Ono Kazunori , Kuroshima Shota , Kurihara Akira , Ono Nobuhiro , Nakagawa Tsutomu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In the Southern Kanto Gas Field, natural gas dissolved in water
has been produced for over 80 years. In order to produce the natural gas
dissolved in water, formation water must be pumped from a reservoir in the
gas field. The production of formation water is considered to be one of the
causes of land subsidence. Because brine injection into shallow formations is expected to be effective
to mitigate land subsidence, our association is planning to conduct the
pilot test study. In this test, the production and injection of brine are going
to be performed, and we will observe a deformation of the shallow formation and a change of ground level and the bottom hole pressure. As a result of these
tests, if the land subsidence mitigation effect by injection into shallow
formation is confirmed, it is expected that it will be connected to
increased production and to reservoir management in consideration of land
subsidence mitigation in the future.
Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia
Authors: Magee Craig , Jackson Christopher Aiden-Lee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Dyke swarms are common on Earth and other planetary
bodies, comprising arrays of dykes that can extend laterally for tens to
thousands of kilometres. The vast extent of such dyke swarms, and their
presumed rapid emplacement, means they can significantly influence a variety
of planetary processes, including continental break-up, crustal extension,
resource accumulation, and volcanism. Determining the mechanisms driving
dyke swarm emplacement is thus critical to a range of Earth Science
disciplines. However, unravelling dyke swarm emplacement mechanics relies on
constraining their 3D structure, which is difficult given we typically
cannot access their subsurface geometry at a sufficiently high enough
resolution. Here we use high-quality seismic reflection data to identify and
examine the 3D geometry of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, and
associated structures (i.e. dyke-induced normal faults and pit craters).
Dykes are expressed in our seismic reflection data as ∼335–68 m wide, vertical zones of disruption (VZD), in which stratal
reflections are dimmed and/or deflected from sub-horizontal. Borehole data
reveal one ∼130 m wide VZD corresponds to an ∼18 m thick, mafic dyke, highlighting that the true geometry of the inferred
dykes may not be fully captured by their seismic expression. The Late
Jurassic dyke swarm is located on the Gascoyne Margin, offshore NW Australia,
and contains numerous dykes that extend laterally for > 170 km,
potentially up to > 500 km, with spacings typically < 10
km. Although limitations in data quality and resolution restrict mapping of
the dykes at depth, our data show that they likely have heights of at least
3.5 km. The mapped dykes are distributed radially across a
∼39∘ wide arc centred on the Cuvier Margin; we
infer that this focal area marks the source of the dyke swarm. We demonstrate
that seismic reflection data provide unique opportunities to map and quantify
dyke swarms in 3D. Because of this, we can now (i) recognise dyke swarms
across continental margins worldwide and incorporate them into models of
basin evolution and fluid flow, (ii) test previous models and hypotheses
concerning the 3D structure of dyke swarms, (iii) reveal how dyke-induced
normal faults and pit craters relate to dyking, and (iv) unravel how dyking
translates into surface deformation.
Análise de um produto educacional a serviço do professor
Authors: Da Silva Cleber Cezar , Gonçalves Rosimeire 
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar um produto educacional, elaborado por nós pesquisadores, com a finalidade de auxiliar professores de História da Educação de Jovens e Adultos, no planejamento de suas aulas. Visto que, a falta de um livro didático ou até mesmo materiais de ordem pedagógicas mais acessíveis acabam dificultando o desempenho do profissional nesta modalidade de ensino. A metodologia a que submete este estudo se caracteriza em um estudo de caso e revisão bibliográfica, numa abordagem qualitativa. É notório, no espaço escolar, o hábito arraigado entre os professores, no ato do planejamento e elaboração de programas de estudo utilizarem-se da cronologia tradicional, tendo preocupação demasiada com aspecto conteudista. Nessa perspectiva, priorizamos a construção de um blog junto a disciplina de história, pois ensinar história constitui-se em um desafio para professores, considerando sua abrangência e complexidade.
To Your Seed I Will Give … : The Land(s) Promised to Abraham in Genesis and Second Temple Judaism
Authors: Stark J. David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The land promise to Abraham begins modestly near Shechem. In most sources, the promise crystallizes around the land of Canaan. However, Genesis’s own narrative shows the outward reverberations of Yahweh’s word to Abraham about landed inheritance. When one considers Second Temple Judaism, including the early Jesus movement, one finds other sources that expand the promise still further. In particular, Ben Sira, Jubilees, Philo, and Paul find in the promise to Abraham of landed inheritance a claim for this promise to encompass the whole world.
Reading Psalm 46 in Its Canonical Context: An Initial Exploration in Harmonies Consonant and Dissonant
Authors: Firth David G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The recent shift to reading Psalms canonically has left many issues unresolved. Rather than seeing an underlying narrative, this article proposes a musical analogy in which different psalms harmonize in various ways with one another. This is explored through an examination of Ps 46 within the first collection of the Psalms of the Sons of Korah (Pss 42–49), noting ways in which details in the individual psalm titles and the content of these psalms interact with one another, resulting in a particular level of prominence being given to Ps 46 within this collection. As an initial exploration, the wider implications of a canonical reading are not pursued, but some suggestions are made for how this would be developed.
Vulnerable Bodies and Volunteer Slaves: Slave Parable Violence in the Rest of Matthew
Authors: Neufeld Edmund 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article works against an assumed disconnect between the slavery of the parables of Jesus in Matthew and the rest of Jesus’s teaching in Matthew. It takes as a given the position of recent research in these matters, that Roman slavery was often brutal against slaves’ bodies and that slave punishment in these parables corresponds to Roman slavery. This article argues mainly that, in this Gospel, everyone suffers violence against their bodies. The unrighteous endure God’s eschatological judgment on their bodies, the righteous endure bodily persecution, and Jesus himself endures bodily persecution, culminating in a slave’s execution. Thus, the harsh treatment of bodies in the parables coheres with Jesus’s other teaching. This article defends two secondary points. First, in a limited but real sense, the disciples and Jesus himself live as volunteer slaves. Second, although Jesus in Matthew does not openly condemn slavery, this Gospel nonetheless implicitly condemns all human attack against another’s body.
Undamning Domitian? Reassessing the Last Flavian princeps: Introduction
Authors: Augoustakis Antony , Buckley Emma , Stocks Claire 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter contextualizes the contributions of the various articles and their interdiscursive approach in combining material culture and literary evidence. It offers an overview of the difficulties of parsing a hostile historiographical tradition on the emperor Domitian, and the ideological as well as chronological fault-lines created by authors who very often straddled the Flavian and post-Flavian periods, turning from enthusiastic support of the emperor to damning critique; the particular challenges to the material evidence posed by Domitian’s damnatio, and the physical as well as literary forms of oblivion that “erased” the last Flavian emperor; the gaps, absences, revisions, and overwritings that complicate accurate understanding of Domitian’s character, achievements, and historical record.
TheSodales Flauiales Titiales, theFlamen Dialis, and the Propaganda of Domitian
Authors: de Vera Diego Mateo Escámez 
Published: April 2020

AbstractI analyze the literary and iconographic sources of the Domitianic period in order to propose the co-ordination of the sodales Flaviales Titiales by the flamen Dialis during the rule of the last of the Flavians. The ideological relevance of Jupiter in Domitian’s propaganda is such that it influences the development of the imperial cult under his rule to the point of the fusion of the dynastic and divine discourses of legitimization, leaving iconographical evidence in the decoration of both the Templum Diui Vespasiani and the Templum Gentis Flauiae.
Domitian, Literary Restriction, and the Poetics of Catasterism and Divinity in Statius’s Silvae 1.1 and 1.2
Authors: Tang Henry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper questions the post-Flavian reception of Domitian by exploring the imagery of catasterism in the Silvae’s first two poems. 1.1 solemnly celebrates Domitian’s colossal equestrian statue by overlapping imagery of catasterism with apotheosis. This is typical for imperial panegyric, but also key to Domitian’s divine self-portrayal. The tone becomes playful in 1.2, which celebrates the nuptials of the book’s patron, suggestively named Stella. I suggest that the contrastive effect deflates the grandeur of apotheosis, which risks offending the emperor. Domitian’s lack of punitive response, however, indicates that he was not as stringent with literary censorship as posterity has suggested.
Domitianus Germanicus: Tacitus’sGermaniaand the Memory of Domitian
Authors: Andrews Graham 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor over fifteen years before the production of Tacitus’s Germania, the title Germanicus had been prominent in Rome, claimed not only by Domitian but also by both Nerva and Trajan. Tacitus famously refutes military success in his account. As this article shows, however, its memory is consistently invoked in its basic structure. Especially through allusions to Caesar, Tacitus introduces a model of historiographical narrative concerning Roman conquest, only to reject it. The result is a tension between the ongoing public presence of Rome’s immediate past and its official erasure, forming a commentary on the very process of imperial memory sanction.