bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fueling conflict? (De)escalation and bilateral aid
Authors: Bluhm Richard , Gassebner Martin , Langlotz Sarah , Schaudt Paul 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper studies the effects of bilateral foreign aid on conflict escalation and deescalation. First, we develop a new ordinal measure capturing the two‐sided and multifaceted nature of conflict. Second, we propose a dynamic ordered probit estimator that allows for unobserved heterogeneity and corrects for endogeneity. Third, we identify the causal effect of foreign aid on conflict by predicting bilateral aid flows based on electoral outcomes of donor countries which are exogenous to recipients. Receiving bilateral aid raises the chances of escalating from small conflict to armed conflict, but we find little evidence that aid ignites conflict in truly peaceful countries.
Novel input polarisation independent endoscopic cross‐polarised optical coherence tomography probe
Authors: Blessing Katharina , Schirmer Judith , Sharma Gargi , Singh Kanwarpal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLead by the original idea to perform noninvasive optical biopsies of various tissues, optical coherence tomography found numerous medical applications within the last two decades. The interference based imaging technique opens the possibility to visualise subcellular morphology up to an imaging depth of 3 mm and up to micron level axial and lateral resolution. The birefringence properties of the tissue are visualised with enhanced contrast using polarisation sensitive or cross‐polarised optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques. Although, it requires strict control over the polarisation states, resulting in several polarisation controlling elements. In this work, we propose a novel input‐polarisation independent endoscopic system based on cross‐polarised OCT. We tested the feasibility of our approach by measuring the polarisation change from a quarter‐wave plate for different rotational angles. Further performance tests reveal a lateral resolution of 30 μm and a sensitivity of 103 dB. Images of the human nail bed and cow muscle tissue demonstrate the potential of the system to measure structural and birefringence properties of the tissue endoscopically.
TL1A (TNFSF15) genotype affects the long‐term therapeutic outcomes of anti‐TNFα antibodies for Crohn's disease patients
Authors: Endo Katsuya , Kakuta Yoichi , Moroi Rintaro , Yamamoto Katsutoshi , Shiga Hisashi , Kuroha Masatake , Naito Takeo , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimTL1A (TNFSF15) is a major Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility gene, especially in the East Asian population, and is also known to be associated with some clinical phenotypes, such as stricturing and penetrating behavior. This study aims to investigate the association between TL1A genotype and the long‐term therapeutic outcomes of infliximab and adalimumab in Japanese CD patients.MethodsWe investigated 119 biologic‐naïve CD patients treated with infliximab or adalimumab. TL1A ‐358C/T (rs6478109) was genotyped as a tag single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for CD risk or nonrisk haplotype of TL1A (the ‐358C allele is a risk allele for CD development). We compared the long‐term therapeutic outcomes of anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies between the TL1A ‐358C/C group and the C/T+T/T group.ResultsSixty‐nine cases (58.0%) were homozygous for the risk allele (TL1A ‐358C/C group), and 50 cases (42.0%) were heterozygous for the risk allele or homozygous for the protective allele (TL1A ‐358C/T+T/T group). No significant differences were found in the cumulative retention rates and the relapse‐free survival between the TL1A genotypes. However, the surgery‐free survival was significantly lower in the TL1A ‐358C/C group than in the C/T+T/T group (log‐rank test, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that TL1A ‐358C/C was identified as an independent risk factor for surgery (hazard ratio, 4.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–22.1; P = 0.025).ConclusionAn association was found between the TL1A genotype and the therapeutic outcomes of anti‐TNF therapy. Our data indicate that the design of customized therapy with anti‐TNF antibodies using TL1A genomic information could be effective in the future.
Acute dilated cardiomyopathy in the setting of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and thrombotic microangiopathy: A case series and review
Authors: Hermel Melody , Hermel David , Azam Saif , Shinbane Jerold , Sarcon Annahita , Jones Erika , Mehta Arjun , Grazette Luanda , Liebman Howard , Weitz Ilene 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCatastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (CAPS) is a rare form of antiphospholipid syndrome, an autoimmune condition characterized by vascular thromboses, pregnancy loss, and antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. Diagnosis of CAPS relies on thrombosis of at least three different organs systems over 1 week, histopathological evidence of small vessel occlusion, and high aPL antibody titers. In a subset of precipitating circumstances, activation or disruption of endothelial cells in the microvasculature may occur along with cardiomyopathy. We present two cases of CAPS‐associated dilated cardiomyopathy at our institution, focusing on disease management, pathophysiology, and treatment. These patients were of Southeastern Asian descent, raising the possibility of genetic polymorphisms contributing to the development of cardiomyopathy. Both met CAPS criteria and both demonstrated clinicopathologic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and complement activation and developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy with shock. Complement activation plays an important role in the development of CAPS and may be important in the pathogenesis of CAPS‐associated cardiomyopathy. Clinical suspicion for TMA as a pathophysiologic mechanism of unexplained heart failure in CAPS is important and increased awareness of cardiac side effects is necessary so that early treatment can be initiated to halt further cardiac and systemic complications.
Effect of chelation therapy in pediatric Wilson’s disease: Liver and endoscopic outcome
Authors: Das Mridul Chandra , Sen Sarma Moinak , Srivastava Anshu , Yachha Surender Kumar , Poddar Ujjal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs there is paucity of exclusive literature on pediatric hepatic Wilson's disease (WD), this study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of chelation on hepatocellular function and portal hypertension in WD.MethodsWilson's disease patients with ≥9 months of follow‐up were evaluated for response to chelation therapy in the following categories: (a) complete remission, (b) partial remission (c) progression of disease; (d) drug toxicity. Pediatric end‐stage liver disease (PELD), Nazar and New Wilson Index scores were compared. Hemodynamically stable patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (baseline and surveillance) and received prophylaxis (primary or secondary). Endoscopic outcome was assessed at follow‐up.ResultsOf the 111 WD children (aged 9 [3–15] years; PELD score 16 [−11 to 60]), 65 with follow‐up of 3.6 (0.8–12) years on chelation (83% D‐penicillamine monotherapy, 17% D‐penicillamine and zinc) were analyzed. 81% had severe disease at presentation. Favorable outcome (complete and or partial remission), progression of disease and drug toxicity were seen in 71%, 29% and 10.8%, respectively. Two‐thirds had esophageal varices which did not show progression. Large esophageal varices (16%) were effectively downgraded in 3 (2–6) therapeutic endoscopic sessions. Nazar score and PELD score at baseline were independent predictors of outcome with favorable correlation with each other (r = .864, P < .001). PELD cutoff 9.45 (AUC: 71%, sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 50%; P = .009) and Nazar score cut off 3.5 (AUC: 68%, sensitivity: 83%, specificity: 50%; P = .02) were associated with poor prognosis.ConclusionsDespite severe liver disease, the majority of hepatic WD can be managed on D‐penicillamine monotherapy. PELD score and Nazar score effectively determine the outcome.
Women executives and off‐the‐job misconduct by high‐profile employees: A study of National Football League team organizations
Authors: Graham Mary E. , Walia Bhavneet , Robinson Chris 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe risk of off‐the‐job misconduct by high‐profile employees is a serious concern of top management in professional sport organizations, media and entertainment companies, and public‐facing entities in the government and education sectors. Yet there is little research on how to prevent or mitigate this form of misconduct in organizations. Utilizing upper echelons theory and the literature on demographic composition, we examine the relationship between the gender composition of executives of team organizations in a men's professional sport league and subsequent misconduct by players on those teams. Specifically, we employed multilevel and logistic regression analyses to unique data on U.S. National Football League team organizations, and we found that firms with a critical mass of women executives experienced fewer player arrests. No support was found for executive power as a moderator of this relationship. We discuss the implications of our findings for the demographic composition literature. We also offer guidance for preventing and managing off‐the‐job misconduct by high‐profile employees.
Concurrent and Predictive Validity of AND‐ASPEN Malnutrition Consensus Is Satisfactory in Hospitalized Patients: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Burgel Camila Ferri , Teixeira Paula Portal , Leites Giovana Molon , Carvalho Gustavo Dal'Negro , Modanese Paulo Victor Gomes , Rabito Estela Iraci , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubjective Global Assessment (SGA) is the reference method to identify hospital malnutrition. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (AND‐ASPEN) proposed a more objective consensus, but studies regarding its validity are still scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent and predictive validity of the AND‐ASPEN Consensus.MethodsProspective cohort conducted with hospitalized adult and elderly patients. At admission, general data were collected and patients were evaluated by SGA and AND‐ASPEN with and without handgrip strength (HGS) for nutrition diagnoses. Patients were followed up for collection of outcomes—length of hospital stay (LOS), in‐hospital death, readmission, and mortality within 6 months after being discharged. Concurrent and predictive validity were tested.ResultsSix hundred patients (55.7 ± 14.8 years, 51.3% males) were evaluated. The median of LOS was 10.0 (5.018.0) days and in‐hospital mortality was 2.7%. SGA identified 34.0% and AND‐ASPEN 34.6% of patients as malnourished. AND‐ASPEN had substantial agreement with SGA (κ = 0.690) and satisfactory accuracy (AUC = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.810.88). Malnutrition defined by AND‐ASPEN predicted about 1.4 times higher risk of prolonged LOS (95% CI, 1.2–1.6) and hospital readmission (95% CI, 1.2–1.8), besides 5.0 times higher risk of hospital death (95% CI, 1.3–18.8) and 6 months' death (95% CI, 2.6–9.9), in an adjusted analysis. The validity of AND‐ASPEN without HGS was also satisfactory.ConclusionAND‐ASPEN can be used for malnutrition diagnoses, even without HGS because it has satisfactory concurrent and predictive validity.
Novel and known periodontal pathogens residing in gingival crevicular fluid are associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Manoil Daniel , Bostanci Nagihan , Mumcu Gonca , Inanc Nevsun , Can Meryem , Direskeneli Haner , Belibasakis Georgios N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is a suspected environmental risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, correlation mechanisms between the two pathologies remain elusive. This study examined potential correlations between detached subgingival bacteria collected in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and RA parameters.MethodsRA patients (n = 52, F:M = 40:12), patients with Behcet's disease (BD, n = 40, F:M = 29:11) as another systemic inflammatory disease were studied along with a systemically healthy control group (HC, n = 57, F:M = 40:17). All participants were non‐smokers. Full mouth periodontal parameters were recorded. RA activity was assessed using the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS‐28). Rheumatoid factors (RFs)‐IgM and ‐IgA were measured by ELISA. GCF samples were investigated by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization for 10 different bacterial taxa.ResultsThe taxa TM7, Synergistetes cluster B, Leptotrichia, Megasphaera, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and Tannerella forsythia displayed significantly differential abundances between the groups. Whereas abundances of Megasphaera and A. geminatus were significantly increased in the RA group, only Porphyromonas gingivalis displayed significant correlations with plaque scores, bleeding on probing, and RF‐IgA. RA patients displaying RF‐IgA levels >75 IU/mL exhibited five‐fold more abundant P. gingivalis levels than patients below the threshold. This association with RF‐IgA levels appeared even more pronounced, by six‐fold more P. gingivalis (P = 0.025), in patients with a DAS‐28 score >3.2, indicative of moderate/very active RA.ConclusionsUnattached GCF bacteria may mediate the association between periodontitis and RA, and monitoring the bacterial composition of GCF might inform on RA activity. The role of newly identified bacterial taxa in RA warrants further investigations.
Effects of dietary fibers with different physicochemical properties on fermentation kinetics and microbial composition by fecal inoculum from lactating sows in vitro
Authors: Pi Yu , Hu Jie , Bai Yu , Wang Zhibo , Wu Yujun , Ye Hao , Zhang Shiyi , Tao Shiyu , Xiao Yingping , Han Dandan , Ni Dongjiao , Zou Xinhua , Wang Junjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEfficient utilization of dietary fibers (DFs) is important for optimizing feed resource utilization and animal health. The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of DFs with varying physicochemical properties (bulky, viscous, and fermentable) on fermentation kinetics and microbial composition during in vitro fermentation by fecal inoculum from lactating sow. According to the physicochemical properties, three different DFs, lignocellulose (LC), modified cassava starch (MCS) and konjac flour (KF) were selected as bulky fiber, fermentable fiber and viscous fiber respectively. Gas production, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles and microbial composition were monitored during the fermentation.RESULTSResults showed that the gas production in 72 h (GP72h) ranked as: KF > MCS > LC (P < 0.05). The halftime of asymptotic gas production ranked as: KF < MCS = LC (P < 0.001). At 36 h of fermentation, MCS group showed higher concentrations of formic acid and lactate than LC and KF groups, whereas KF group showed higher concentrations of propionate and butyrate than LC and MCS groups (P < 0.05). At 72 h of fermentation, KF group showed higher concentrations of formic acid, lactate and propionate than LC and MCS groups, whereas MCS group showed higher concentrations of acetate and butyrate than LC and KF groups (P < 0.05). At 36 h of fermentation, Anaerovibrio and Erysipelatoclostridium abundances were higher in KF group, whereas Proteiniclasticum abundance was higher in MCS group. At 72 h of fermentation, the abundance of Fibrobacter in LC group was higher than that in MCS and KF groups. In addition, we also observed that the abundances of certain specific bacteria (Anaerovibrio and Erysipelatoclostridium) were closely related to the SCFAs production (propionate and butyrate) at different fermentation times.CONCLUSIONCollectively, the present study revealed that KF is a fast fermentation fiber which could produce propionate and butyrate rapidly, whereas LC is difficult to be fermented by bacteria. In addition, the fermentation of DFs with different physicochemical properties had divergent impacts on microbial composition and SCFA production. These findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between DFs and intestinal microbiota, and provide new ideas for the rational use of fiber resources in lactating sows. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel Wulff‐type boronate acid‐functionalized magnetic metal‐organic framework imprinted polymer for specific recognition of glycoproteins under physiological pH
Authors: Wu Xia , Chen Xiaoming , Zhong Guanqun , Chen Chunyan , Cai Changqun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBoronate affinity molecularly imprinted materials have been widely used for the separation of glycoproteins under alkaline conditions that is not conducive to the structural stability of the protein. In this work, a kind of novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP/TBA/MOF@Fe3O4) was prepared via grafting self‐assembled molecular team of boronic acids on the surface of the magnetic metal–organic framework core. The teamed boronate affinity was formed by 2‐mercaptoethylamine and 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid for specific separation of glycoproteins under physiological pH (pH 7.4). The obtained nanoparticles show high binding capacities (337.8 mg/g), fast adsorption equilibrium time (20 min), and good specificity (imprinting factor, 4.52) for glycoproteins under physiological pH. Furthermore, the prepared imprinted polymer still shows good adsorption capacity for glycoprotein after five times of repeated use, and its adsorption capacity only dropped by 4.7%. More importantly, the prepared nanoparticles have good potential to adsorb glycoproteins from real biological samples.
Patterns and Predictors of Metastatic Spread to the Neck in Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Propst Evan Jon , Wasserman Jonathan Daniel , Gorodensky Jonah , Ngan Bo‐Yee , Wolter Nikolaus Ernst 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveEvaluate patterns and predictors of spread to the neck in pediatric metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).MethodsPatients <18 years old undergoing thyroidectomy by a single surgeon from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Neck sublevels were removed separately according to AJCC boundaries. Clinical outcomes included nerve injury, hypocalcemia, hematoma, and residual tumor.ResultsForty‐eight children underwent thyroid surgery. Thirty (63%) were for malignancy, 27 (90%) of which were DTC. Nineteen (70%) patients with DTC underwent 24 neck dissections; 19 central plus lateral and 5 central alone. The female to male ratio increased from 1:1 to 3:1 with age. Two children with lateral neck involvement had sub‐centimeter primaries. Patients requiring neck dissection were more likely to have 1) diffuse sclerosing or tall cell variant, 2) T3 or T4 disease, 3) genetic mutation, 4) lymphatic invasion, 5) extracapsular extension, 6) positive resection margin. Levels IIA (79%), III (89%), IV (84%), VI (100%) were most commonly involved. Levels IB (16%), IIB (16%), VB (16%) were also involved, often without involvement of adjacent levels. Permanent injuries included one unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve, one mild marginal mandibular nerve and one mild accessory nerve. Hypocalcemia was highest following neck dissection for malignant disease. One patient was re‐operated for a mediastinal node. Most patients with N1 disease received radioactive iodine. Most patients have no evidence or indeterminate disease on long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionChildren with lateral nodal spread from DTC should be considered for neck dissection including Levels IB, IIA, IIB, III, IV, VB, bilateral VI.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1002–E1009, 2021
Long‐Term Influence of Electrode Array Length on Speech Recognition in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Canfarotta Michael W. , Dillon Margaret T. , Buchman Craig A. , Buss Emily , O'Connell Brendan P. , Rooth Meredith A. , King English R. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Adunka Oliver F. , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisResults from a prospective trial demonstrated better speech recognition for cochlear implant (CI) recipients implanted with a long lateral wall electrode array compared to subjects with a short array after 1 year of listening experience. As short array recipients may require an extended adaptation period, this study investigated whether differences in speech recognition continued through 4 years of CI use.Study DesignLong‐term follow‐up of a prospective randomized trial.MethodsSubjects were randomized to receive a MED‐EL medium (24 mm) or standard (31.5 mm) array. Linear mixed models compared speech recognition between cohorts with word recognition in quiet and sentence recognition in noise at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months postactivation. Postoperative imaging and electric frequency filters were reviewed to assess the influence of frequency‐to‐place mismatch and angular separation between neighboring contacts, a metric associated with peripheral spectral selectivity.ResultsLong (31.5 mm) array recipients demonstrated superior speech recognition out to 4 years postactivation. There was a significant effect of angular separation between contacts, with more closely spaced contacts associated with poorer speech recognition. There was no significant effect of mismatch, yet this may have been obscured by changes in frequency filters over time.ConclusionsConventional MED‐EL CI recipients implanted with 31.5‐mm arrays experience better speech recognition than 24‐mm array recipients, initially and with long‐term listening experience. The benefit conferred by longer arrays in the present cohort can be partially attributed to more widely spaced electrode contacts, presumably a result of reduced channel interaction.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 131:892–897, 2021
Does it really hurt? Making sense of varieties of anger
Authors: Antonetti Paolo , Crisafulli Benedetta , Katsikeas Constantine S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile research has shown that consumer anger causes a range of negative consequences, the conceptualization and measurement of this emotion remain inconsistent. Some studies link anger to consumer revenge motivated by a desire to hurt the company, while others associate anger with a desire to cooperate with the company. This inconsistency is caused by the fact that anger is a broad label used to refer to almost any brand failure. We argue that, rather than considering anger as a single construct, scholars should distinguish between a supportive facet of anger, which comprises feelings of annoyance, frustration and other mild negative feelings, and a vindictive facet of anger, which comprises feelings of intense anger, rage, and outrage. These two facets of anger reconcile divergent arguments presented in past research. Research benefits from moving beyond the generic label of anger to consider supportive and vindictive facets of anger that influence consumers' reactions under different circumstances. Only vindictive anger prompts consumers to take revenge and punish the company for unfair treatment. Supportive anger triggers instead a desire to solve the problem by cooperating with the company. This study presents important managerial implications for assessing and managing feelings of anger following brand failures.