bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship and the firm: a conversation on foundations and prospects
Authors: Foss Nicolai J , Grandori Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Entrepreneurship has emerged as a major research theme across a number of disciplines and fields, including the industrial dynamics tradition. Entrepreneurship is often seen as closely linked to firms and firm formation. However, the links between economic organization and entrepreneurship are unclear. Do entrepreneurs always need firms to realize their plans? If so, why? Can firms be “entrepreneurial”? If so, what is the difference between an entrepreneurial and a non-entrepreneurial firm? More broadly, how can entrepreneurship be informed by the theory of the firm and vice versa? These foundational issues in both the theory of the firm and the field of entrepreneurship have not been resolved. This dialogue between two scholars who have worked at the intersection of entrepreneurship and the theory of the firm for more than 20 years addresses such key questions as: What is the meaning of “uncertainty” and what is its role? What are the features and roles of resources? How are resources linked to property rights and the firm? On what basis can we say that firms differ in the extent to which they are “entrepreneurial”?
Moulding the ideal crab: implications of phenotypic plasticity for crustacean stock enhancement
Authors: Daly Benjamin J , Eckert Ginny L , Long W Christopher 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Numerous examples of behavioural and morphological differences between hatchery-cultured and wild individuals exist for a range of crustacean species; however, we submit that these variances are not deficiencies, but rather are adaptive responses to an unnatural rearing environment that may be detrimental in the natural environment. This phenotypic plasticity could be beneficial for stock enhancement because such plasticity suggests potential for change with adjustments to rearing protocols to achieve improved ecological competence. We examine how specific plastic responses can affect crustacean ecology through effects on predation, foraging, competition, and reproduction. For developing stock enhancement programmes, we recommend consideration of plastic phenotypic patterns before large-scale releases are initiated. Researchers can identify environmental factors that cue plasticity during hatchery rearing, determine if induced responses are ecologically influential after release into the wild, and examine the temporal scale on which phenotypic plasticity operates. Communal hatchery rearing at low-to-medium stocking densities with predator cues and natural substrates along with in situ conditioning, releases during periods of low predation risk, and coupled laboratory-field studies can contribute to improved ecological performance during stock enhancement. Finally, presentation of non-significant research results is needed to avoid bias towards hatchery–wild differences and help guide future conditioning programmes.
Prevalence of Burnout in Breast Imaging Radiologists
Authors: Parikh Jay R , Sun Jia , Mainiero Martha B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Burnout is defined as a psychological syndrome arising as a response to chronic prolonged interpersonal job-related stress. Physician burnout has been increasingly recognized over the past decade as an epidemic within the United States. The goal of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of burnout amongst practicing breast imaging radiologists.

Methods
A survey contained demographic questions based on workforce surveys carried out by the American College of Radiology and a validated condensed version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) evaluating the three aspects of burnout. The radiologist members of the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) received the survey internally from the SBI as a weekly e-mail with a web link to the survey from February 19, 2019, to March 13, 2019. The link allowed respondents to complete the survey anonymously. The authors were blinded to the SBI mailing list and the SBI was blinded to the responses.

Results
A total of 370 breast imaging radiologists from the SBI responded to the survey. Overall, 290 out of 370 (78.4%) were highly burned out in at least 1 measured dimension of burnout; 197 out of 362 (54.4%) were highly burned out in at least 2 dimensions of burnout; and 27 out of 362 (7.5%) were highly burned out in all 3 dimensions of burnout. However, rates of personal accomplishment were high, with only 8.8% experiencing high burnout in the dimension of personal accomplishment.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of burnout amongst breast imaging radiologists. Burnout rates were highest in the youngest breast imaging radiologists.
Preferences and Attitudes Regarding Adjunct Breast Cancer Screening Among Patients with Dense Breasts
Authors: Miller Matthew M , Repich Kathy , Patrie James T , Anderson Roger T , Harvey Jennifer A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveNew breast screening modalities are being investigated to address the need for more sensitive breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts. We investigated the preferences and attitudes of these patients regarding adjunct screening modalities to help evaluate the acceptability of these exams.MethodsIn this institutional review board–approved prospective study, patients with dense breasts on their prior mammogram were invited to complete a survey. Patients were asked to estimate their personal breast cancer risk compared with peers, indicate their level of concern related to screening callbacks, radiation exposure, and intravenous (IV) contrast allergies, and identify which factors might deter them from getting adjunct screening exams.ResultsFive hundred eight patients with dense breasts presenting for screening mammography completed surveys. While most patients (304/508, 59.9%) felt it was likely or very likely that cancer could be missed on their mammogram, only 8.9% (45/508) had undergone adjunct screening exams in the past 3 years. The most commonly cited deterrents to adjunct screening were cost (340/508, 66.9%), pain (173/508, 34.1%), and concern that adjunct screening could lead to additional procedures (158/508, 31.1%). When asked to select among three hypothetical breast cancer screening modalities, patients strongly preferred the more sensitive examination, even if this involved greater cost (162/508, 31.9%) or IV-contrast administration (315/508, 62.0%).ConclusionOur data suggest that patients with dense breasts prefer adjunct screening exams that are both sensitive and inexpensive, although an increase in sensitivity could outweigh additional cost or even IV-line placement.
COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures
Authors: Rocklöv J , Sjödin H , Wilder-Smith A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Cruise ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces with relative homogeneous mixing. On 3 February, 2020, an outbreak of COVID-19 on cruise ship Diamond Princess was reported with 10 initial cases, following an index case on board around 21-25th January. By 4th February, public health measures such as removal and isolation of ill passengers and quarantine of non-ill passengers were implemented. By 20th February, 619 of 3700 passengers and crew (17%) were tested positive.

Methods
We estimated the basic reproduction number from the initial period of the outbreak using SEIR models. We calibrated the models with transient functions of countermeasures to incidence data. We additionally estimated a counterfactual scenario in absence of countermeasures, and established a model stratified by crew and guests to study the impact of differential contact rates among the groups. We also compared scenarios of an earlier versus later evacuation of the ship.

Results
The basic reproduction rate was initially 4 times higher on-board compared to the ${R}_0$ in the epicentre in Wuhan, but the countermeasures lowered it substantially. Based on the modeled initial ${R}_0$ of 14.8, we estimated that without any interventions within the time period of 21 January to 19 February, 2920 out of the 3700 (79%) would have been infected. Isolation and quarantine therefore prevented 2307 cases, and lowered the ${R}_0$ to 1.78. We showed that an early evacuation of all passengers on 3 February would have been associated with 76 infected persons in their incubation time.

Conclusions
The cruise ship conditions clearly amplified an already highly transmissible disease. The public health measures prevented more than 2000 additional cases compared to no interventions. However, evacuating all passengers and crew early on in the outbreak would have prevented many more passengers and crew from infection.
Disentangling modal meanings with distributional semantics
Authors: Hilpert Martin , Flach Susanne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the collocational behavior of English modal auxiliaries such as may and might with the aim of finding corpus-based measures that distinguish between different modal expressions and that allow insights into why speakers may choose one over another in a given context. The analysis uses token-based semantic vector space modeling (Heylen et al., 2015, Monitoring polysemy. Word space models as a tool for large-scale lexical semantic analysis. Lingua, 157: 153–72; Hilpert and Correia Saavedra, 2017, Using token-based semantic vector spaces for corpus-linguistic analyses: From practical applications to tests of theoretical claims. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory) in order to determine whether different modal auxiliaries can be distinguished in terms of their collocational profiles. The analysis further examines whether different senses of the same auxiliary exhibit divergent collocational preferences. The results indicate that near-synonymous pairs of modal expressions, such as may and might or must and have to, differ in their distributional characteristics. Also, different senses of the same modal expression, such as deontic and epistemic uses of may, can be distinguished on the basis of distributional information. We discuss these results against the background of previous empirical findings (Hilpert, 2016, Construction Grammar and its Application to English, 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, Flach, in press, Beyond modal idioms and modal harmony: a corpus-based analysis of gradient idiomaticity in modal-adverb collocations. English Language and Linguistics) and theoretical issues such as degrees of grammaticalization (Correia Saavedra, 2019, Measurements of Grammaticalization: Developing a Quantitative Index for the Study of Grammatical Change. PhD Dissertation, Université de Neuchâtel) and the avoidance of synonymy (Bolinger, 1968, Entailment and the meaning of structures. Glossa, 2(2): 119–27).
Interpretation of metaphors in Chinese poetry: Where did Li Bai place his emotions?
Authors: Peng Ciyuan , Jung Jason J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recently, with an increasing number of metaphor studies being conducted, research on metaphor interpretation has set off an upsurge. Although a multitude of studies on the interpretation of metaphors exists, many are limited to the understanding of literal meanings without attempting an interpretation of hidden emotions in metaphorical expressions. There are particularly few studies on metaphorical emotions interpretation in literary studies with rich and implicit emotions, such as classical Chinese poetry. This study proposes the interpretation of the metaphorical emotions of special objects in Chinese poetry based on emotion distribution. We present a statistical approach to calculate the emotion distribution of our target objects by exploiting contextual emotion mining. According to the emotion distribution, the emotion with the highest probability is considered the metaphorical emotion of the target object. Subsequently, the metaphorical emotion can be determined as a positive or negative sentiment based on expert annotations. Using the proposed method, we have tested two representative objects, ‘月’ (moon) and ‘风’ (wind), and the accuracy performances were 84% and 83.33%, respectively, for sentiment detection and 66% and 70% for emotion-specific metaphorical interpretation. The results demonstrate that our approach can be used to assist readers with metaphorical emotional understanding in Chinese poetry.
Defence against the modern arts: the curse of statistics: Part I—FRStat
Authors: Neumann Cedric 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For several decades, legal and scientific scholars have argued that conclusions from forensic examinations should be supported by statistical data and reported within a probabilistic framework. Multiple models have been proposed to quantify and express the probative value of forensic evidence. Unfortunately, the use of statistics to perform inferences in forensic science adds a layer of complexity that most forensic scientists, court offices and lay individuals are not armed to handle. Many applications of statistics to forensic science rely on ad hoc strategies and are not scientifically sound. The opacity of the technical jargon that is used to describe these probabilistic models and their results, and the complexity of the techniques involved make it very difficult for the untrained user to separate the wheat from the chaff. This series of article is intended to help forensic scientists and lawyers recognize limitations and issues in tools proposed to interpret the results of forensic examinations. This article focuses on the tool proposed by the Latent Print Branch of the U.S. Defense Forensic Science Center (DFSC) and called FRStat. In this article, I explore the compatibility of the results outputted by FRStat with the language used by the DFCS to report the conclusions of their fingerprint examinations, as well as the appropriateness of the statistical modelling underpinning the tool and the validation of its performance.
A functional network of gastric-cancer-associated splicing events controlled by dysregulated splicing factors
Authors: Cheng Shanshan , Ray Debleena , Lee Raymond Teck Ho , Naripogu Kishore Babu , Yusoff Permeen Akhtar Bt Mohamed , Goh Pamela Bee Leng , Liu Yujing , Suzuki Yuka , Das Kakoli , Chan Hsiang Sui , Wong Wai Keong , Chan Weng Hoong , Chow Pierce Kah-Hoe , Ong Hock Soo , Raj Prema , Soo Khee Chee , Tan Patrick , Epstein David M , Rozen Steven G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of aberrant splicing in gastric cancer is lacking. We RNA-sequenced 19 gastric tumor–normal pairs and identified 118 high-confidence tumor-associated (TA) alternative splicing events (ASEs) based on high-coverage sequencing and stringent filtering, and also identified 8 differentially expressed splicing factors (SFs). The TA ASEs occurred in genes primarily involved in cytoskeletal organization. We constructed a correlative network between TA ASE splicing ratios and SF expression, replicated it in independent gastric cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and experimentally validated it by knockdown of the nodal SFs (PTBP1, ESRP2 and MBNL1). Each SF knockdown drove splicing alterations in several corresponding TA ASEs and led to alterations in cellular migration consistent with the role of TA ASEs in cytoskeletal organization. We have therefore established a robust network of dysregulated splicing associated with tumor invasion in gastric cancer. Our work is a resource for identifying oncogenic splice forms, SFs and splicing-generated tumor antigens as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Congenital nephrotic syndrome as a complication of whooping cough: a case report
Authors: Kouli Ayah , Trab Sana Sheikh , Alshaghel Shahed , Mouti Mohamad Bassel , Hamdoun Hiba 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bordetella organisms are responsible for whooping cough, which is an extremely contagious respiratory illness with substantial morbidity in infants. It is also considered one of the 10 predominant reasons for childhood decease globally, particularly before vaccination was available. Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) presents within the first 3 months of life. It is classified as primary or as secondary to other etiologies, such as infections, drug reactions, toxins, mercury exposure, diabetes mellitus and autoimmune diseases. This article describes the rare presentation of CNS as an outcome to Bordetella infection. That is treating pertussis resulted in CNS to resolve, so it was classified as secondary. This case is the first documented in Syria and the second worldwide.
Successful management of chylous ascites after pancreatoduodenectomy using etilefrine: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Seki Hitoshi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An 84-year-old woman underwent subtotal stomach pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for distal cholangiocarcinoma. Over 1000 ml of serous ascites, which appeared milky after starting a high-protein, low-fat, middle-chain triglyceride diet, was discharged from the inserted drain. On postoperative day (POD) 13, she underwent right hemicolectomy for transverse colonic volvulus, which occurred on POD 9 and was refractory to conservative therapies. Following second surgery, the chylous ascites (CA) amount continued to increase. Octreotide, albumin and diuretics were administered, but the amount of ascites did not decrease. Etilefrine was administered on POD 19; the ascites amount gradually decreased. The drain was removed 3 days after etilefrine administration. She had no symptoms of abdominal distention after drain removal. Etilefrine’s effectiveness for chylothorax after esophagectomy and CA after distal pancreatectomy has been reported. We present a case of CA successfully treated by etilefrine following PD. Our case highlights etilefrine’s usefulness for CA following PD.
What Do Short Sellers Know?*
Authors: Boehmer Ekkehart , Jones Charles M , Wu Juan (Julie) , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using NYSE short-sale order data, we investigate whether short sellers’ informational advantage is related to firm earnings and analyst-related events. With a novel decomposition method, we find that while these fundamental event days constitute only 12% of sample days, they account for over 24% of the overall underperformance of heavily shorted stocks. Importantly, short sellers use both public news and private information to anticipate news regarding earnings and analysts. Shorting’s predictive ability remains significant after controlling for information in analyst actions and displays no reversal patterns, indicating that short sellers know more than analysts, and the nature of their information is long term.
Newly identified viral genomes in pangolins with fatal disease
Authors: Gao Wen-Hua , Lin Xian-Dan , Chen Yan-Mei , Xie Chun-Gang , Tan Zhi-Zhou , Zhou Jia-Jun , Chen Shuai , Holmes Edward C , Zhang Yong-Zhen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Epizootic pathogens pose a major threat to many wildlife species, particularly in the context of rapidly changing environments. Pangolins (order Pholidota) are highly threatened mammals, in large part due to the trade in illegal wildlife. During July to August 2018 four sick wild pangolins (three Manis javanica and one Manis pentadactyla) exhibiting a variety of clinical symptoms were rescued by the Jinhua Wildlife Protection Station in Zhejiang province, China. Although three of these animals died, fortunately one recovered after 2 weeks of symptomatic treatment. Using meta-transcriptomics combined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we identified two novel RNA viruses in two of the dead pangolins. Genomic analysis revealed that these viruses were most closely related to pestiviruses and coltiviruses, although still highly genetically distinct, with more than 48 and 25 per cent sequence divergence at the amino acid level, respectively. We named these Dongyang pangolin virus (DYPV) and Lishui pangolin virus (LSPV) based on the sampling site and hosts. Although coltiviruses (LSPV) are known to be transmitted by ticks, we found no evidence of LSPV in ticks sampled close to where the pangolins were collected. In addition, although DYPV was present in nymph ticks (Amblyomma javanense) collected from a diseased pangolin, they were not found in the local tick population. Epidemiological investigation revealed that both novel viruses might have been imported following the illegal international trade of pangolins. Hence, these data indicate that illegal wildlife trafficking not only threatens the status of pangolin populations, but may also spread epizootic pathogens.
Atopic dermatitis and its relation to food allergy
Authors: Graham François , Eigenmann Philippe A. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reviewTo present the most recent evidence on atopic dermatitis and its relation to food allergy.Recent findingsAtopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by impaired skin barrier because of multifactorial causes including genetic factors, immune dysregulation, and skin microbiome dysbiosis. Infants with temporary skin barrier disruption and/or persistent atopic dermatitis are particularly at risk of developing food allergy (during the so-called atopic march), with up to half of patients demonstrating positive food-specific IgE and one-third of severe cases of atopic dermatitis having positive symptoms on oral food challenge. A high proportion of children with atopic dermatitis exhibit asymptomatic sensitization to foods, and skin testing to identify potential food triggers is not recommended unless the patient has a history suggestive of food allergy and/or moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis unresponsive to optimal topical care. Indeed, indiscriminate testing can lead to a high proportion of false-positive tests and harmful dietary evictions. Promising strategies to prevent food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis include early skincare with emollients and treatment with topical steroid, and early introduction of highly allergenic foods.SummaryFurther studies are required to identify risk factors for atopic dermatitis to help prevent the development of food allergy in this high-risk population.