bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources and Sinks of Isoprene in the Global Open Ocean: Simulated Patterns and Emissions to the Atmosphere
Authors: Conte Ludivine , Szopa Sophie , Aumont Olivier , Gros Valérie , Bopp Laurent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ocean is a source of isoprene to the atmosphere. Although their global estimates are relatively low compared with the terrestrial source, these emissions have an influence on atmospheric chemistry. The lack of knowledge about the sources and sinks of isoprene in the ocean has hitherto precluded a precise assessment of when and where these emissions might be significant. Here we use the general circulation and biogeochemistry model Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, Pelagic Interaction Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies (NEMO‐PISCES) to explore different parameterizations of the 3D oceanic sources and sinks of isoprene. In addition, we investigate a representation of the isoprene emission due to photoproduction in the sea surface microlayer. Our model estimates are complemented by a new data compilation of laboratory isoprene production rates and in situ isoprene concentrations. This study constitutes the first attempt to simulate isoprene in a global 3D ocean biogeochemical model. We find that sea surface temperature is an important driver modulating phytoplankton isoprene production and that light levels only play a secondary role at the scale of the global ocean. Furthermore, the use of a variable biochemical consumption rate improves the model‐data comparison. We show the importance of isoprene production below the mixed layer and, as a consequence, demonstrate that models based on 2D surface satellite chlorophyll‐a could miss up to 18.5% of oceanic isoprene emissions. The oceanic isoprene emissions to the atmosphere are estimated to 0.66 (0.43–0.82) Tg C yr−1 in the low range of previous estimates.
Sensitivity of Snow Simulations to Different Atmospheric Forcing Data Sets in the Land Surface Model CAS‐LSM
Authors: Wang Yan , Xie Zhenghui , Jia Binghao , Wang Longhuan , Li Ruichao , Liu Bin , Chen Si , Xie Jinbo , Qin Peihua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe quality of snow simulations in land surface models (LSMs) largely depends on the accuracy of the atmospheric forcing data, especially precipitation and air temperature. To investigate the sensitivities of snow simulations to atmosphere forcing, historical simulations from 1981–2010 were conducted using the Chinese Academy of Sciences land surface model (CAS‐LSM) with four atmospheric forcing data sets: third Global Soil Wetness Projects (GSWP3), the Water and Global Change (WATCH) Forcing Data (WFD/WFDEI), the Climate Research Unit ‐ National Centers for Environmental Prediction (CRU‐NCEP), and Princeton. A sensitivity index (Ψ) is utilized to quantify the sensitivity of the simulated snow cover fraction (SCF), snow water equivalent (SWE), and snow depth (SDP) to the uncertainties in forcing data. By comparing the simulated results with satellite‐based products and in situ observations, we find that CAS‐LSM generally captured the spatial and seasonal variations of the SCF, SWE, and SDP. The simulation based on GSWP3 produced more reasonable estimates than the other three simulations, particularly for the SCF and SDP. The sensitivity analysis suggested that the SWE and SDP suffered the most from the uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing data sets. The sensitivities of the SCF, SWE, and SDP to precipitation uncertainties had various seasonal cycles depending on the climate regime. The highest sensitivity in boreal climates appeared during January–March, while in warm temperate climates the highest sensitivity existed during April–June. On average, the strongest precipitation sensitivity was found for temperate climates with cold, dry winters. The sensitivities to uncertainties in air temperature showed similar patterns; however, air temperature sensitivity was generally dominant over precipitation sensitivity in boreal climates, while in warm temperate climates both of them were high.
Some Taxes Are Better Than Others: An Economic Experiment Analyzing Groundwater Management in a Spatially Explicit Aquifer
Authors: Duke Joshua M. , Liu Zhongyuan , Suter Jordan F. , Messer Kent D. , Michael Holly A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a coupled hydrologic‐economic model that estimates the effects of six tax institutions that theory predicts will lead to equal amounts of aquifer withdrawal. That said, the distributive effects of the tax institutions are expected to differ because each involves different combinations of tax thresholds and side payments (returned tax revenue). The tax policies can lead to groundwater users being worse off than they would be using an unmanaged aquifer. This study explores whether the distributive impacts of specific policies that have equal marginal incentives lead to differences in the behavior of participants in an experiment involving a common pool groundwater resource. The results reveal that each of the tax policies results in approximately the same reduction in resource use but affects participants' earnings and opinions regarding the policies differently. A tax imposed on groundwater use above a threshold and without a side payment is most effective in increasing the net social benefit associated with using the aquifer; participant earnings under that scheme are almost equal to earnings from an unmanaged aquifer (1.04% less), and overall social efficiency is greater (4.34%). Unfortunately, participants tend to prefer an unmanaged aquifer and tax policies with high side‐payments—treatments that led to lower overall social efficiency. The evidence suggests that aquifer management may require a two‐fold approach: (1) a carefully selected threshold that can make water users financially indifferent between a managed and unmanaged aquifer and (2) education to increase the political acceptability of the managed aquifer policy.
Prolonged Periodicity and Eastward Shift of the January North Pacific Oscillation Since the Mid‐1990s and Its Linkage With Sea Ice Anomalies in the Barents Sea
Authors: Xu Zhiqing , Fan Ke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study mainly investigates changes in the periodicity and location of the January North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and the underlying mechanisms during 1980–2018. The periodicity of the January NPO prolongs from 2–3 years to 5–8 years around the mid‐1990s. Corresponding to the prolonged periodicity, both the southern and northern lobes of the January NPO shift eastward, and their meridional movement is relatively weak. As a result, the impacts of the January NPO on surface air temperature in North America are enhanced. The changes in the periodicity and location of the January NPO differ from those of the NPO of other winter months. Further study shows that the changes in the January NPO are closely related to the sea ice anomalies in the Barents Sea in the preceding November‐December and January. The sea ice anomalies also display a periodicity of 5–8 years after the mid‐1990s, and their impacts on the January NPO are enhanced. The January NPO is significantly and negatively correlated with the sea ice anomalies after the mid‐1990s. The sea ice anomalies contribute to the prolonged periodicity and eastward shift of the January NPO by exciting a quasi‐stationary Rossby wave propagating eastward along the coast of northern Eurasia and resultant atmospheric dynamic processes. The physical mechanism is reasonably reproduced by the numerical experiment with observed sea ice anomalies in the Barents Sea prescribed. In addition, possible reasons for the enhanced impacts of the sea ice anomalies on the January NPO are discussed.
Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy with Scanning Non-diffracting Beams
Authors: Kafian Hosein , Lalenejad Meelad , Moradi-Mehr Sahar , Birgani Shiva Akbari , Abdollahpour Daryoush 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLight-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has now become a unique tool in different fields ranging from three-dimensional (3D) tissue imaging to real-time functional imaging of neuronal activities. Nevertheless, obtaining high-quality artifact-free images from large, dense and inhomogeneous samples is the main challenge of the method that still needs to be adequately addressed. Here, we demonstrate significant enhancement of LSFM image qualities by using scanning non-diffracting illuminating beams, both through experimental and numerical investigations. The effect of static and scanning illumination with several beams are analyzed and compared, and it is shown that scanning 2D Airy light-sheet is minimally affected by the inhomogeneities in the samples, and provides higher contrasts and uniform resolution over a wide field-of-view, due to its reduced spatial coherence, self-healing feature and longer penetration depth. Further, the capabilities of the illumination scheme is utilized for both single-and double-wavelength 3D imaging of large and dense mammospheres of cancer tumor cells as complex inhomogeneous biological samples.
SNHG7 is a lncRNA oncogene controlled by Insulin-like Growth Factor signaling through a negative feedback loop to tightly regulate proliferation
Authors: Boone David N. , Warburton Andrew , Som Sreeroopa , Lee Adrian V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling is involved in the initiation and progression of a subset of breast cancers by inducing cell proliferation and survival. Although the signaling cascade following IGF1 receptor activation is well-studied, the key elements of the transcriptional response governing IGF1’s actions are not well understood. Recent studies reveal that the majority of the genome is transcribed and that there are more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) than protein coding genes, several of which are dysregulated in human cancer. However, studies on the regulation and mechanism of action of these lncRNAs are in their infancy. Here we show that IGF1 alters the expression levels of a subset of lncRNAs. SNHG7, a member of the small nucleolar host gene family, is a highly-expressed lncRNA that is consistently and significantly down-regulated by IGF1 signaling by a post-transcriptional mechanism through the MAPK pathway. SNHG7 regulates proliferation of breast cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, and silencing SNHG7 expression causes cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. Intriguingly, SNHG7 alters the expression of many IGF1 signaling intermediates and IGF1-regulated genes suggesting a feedback mechanism to tightly regulate the IGF1 response. Finally, we show in clinical data that SNHG7 is overexpressed in tumors of a subset of breast cancer patients and that these patients have lower disease-free survival than patients without elevated SNHG7 expression. We propose that SNHG7 is a lncRNA oncogene that is controlled by growth factor signaling in a feedback mechanism to prevent hyperproliferation, and that this regulation can be lost in the development or progression of breast cancer.
Annealing effect on the structural and optical behavior of ZnO:Eu3+ thin film grown using RF magnetron sputtering technique and application to dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Otieno Francis , Airo Mildred , Erasmus Rudolph M. , Quandt Alexander , Billing David G. , Wamwangi Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEu-doped ZnO (ZnO:Eu3+) thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering have been investigated to establish the effect of annealing on the red photoluminescence. PL spectra analysis reveal a correlation between the characteristics of the red photoluminescence and the annealing temperature, suggesting efficient energy transfer from the ZnO host to the Eu3+ ions as enhanced by the intrinsic defects levels. Five peaks corresponding to 5D0–7FJ transitions were observed and attributed to Eu3+ occupancy in the lattice sites of ZnO thin films. As a proof of concept a dye sensitized solar cell with ZnO:Eu3+ thin films of high optical transparency was fabricated and tested yielding a PCE of 1.33% compared to 1.19% obtained from dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) with pristine ZnO without Eu produced indicating 11.1% efficiency enhancement which could be attributed to spectral conversion by the ZnO:Eu3+.
Humanin Promotes Tumor Progression in Experimental Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Moreno Ayala Mariela A. , Gottardo María Florencia , Zuccato Camila Florencia , Pidre Matías Luis , Nicola Candia Alejandro Javier , Asad Antonela Sofia , Imsen Mercedes , Romanowski Víctor , Creton Aldo , Isla Larrain Marina , Seilicovich Adriana , Candolfi Marianela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHumanin (HN) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with cytoprotective effect in many tissues. Administration of HN analogs has been proposed as therapeutic approach for degenerative diseases. Although HN has been shown to protect normal tissues from chemotherapy, its role in tumor pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effect of HN on the progression of experimental triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The meta-analysis of transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas indicated that HN and its receptors are expressed in breast cancer specimens. By immunohistochemistry we observed up-regulation of HN in TNBC biopsies when compared to mammary gland sections from healthy donors. Addition of exogenous HN protected TNBC cells from apoptotic stimuli whereas shRNA-mediated HN silencing reduced their viability and enhanced their chemo-sensitivity. Systemic administration of HN in TNBC-bearing mice reduced tumor apoptotic rate, impaired the antitumor and anti-metastatic effect of chemotherapy and stimulated tumor progression, accelerating tumor growth and development of spontaneous lung metastases. These findings suggest that HN may exert pro-tumoral effects and thus, caution should be taken when using exogenous HN to treat degenerative diseases. In addition, our study suggests that HN blockade could constitute a therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in breast cancer.
Assessing and Modelling the Efficacy of Lemna paucicostata for the Phytoremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Crude Oil-Contaminated Wetlands
Authors: Ekperusi Abraham Ogheneruemu , Nwachukwu Eunice Oluchi , Sikoki Francis David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe potentials of the invasive duckweed species, Lemna paucicostata to remove pollutants from aquatic environment was tested in a constructed wetlands as an ecological based system for the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil-contaminated waters within 120 days. Total petroleum hydrocarbons in wetlands and tissues of duckweed were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector following established methods while the experimental data were subjected to the first-order kinetic rate model to understand the remediation rate of duckweed in wetlands. L. paucicostata effected a significant (F = 253.405, P < 0.05) removal of hydrocarbons from wetlands reaching 97.91% after 120 days. Assessment on the transport and fate of hydrocarbons in duckweed indicated that L. paucicostata bioaccumulated less than 1% and significantly biodegraded 97.74% of hydrocarbons in wetlands at the end of the study. The experimental data reasonably fitted (r2 = 0.938) into the first-order kinetic rate model. From the result of the study, it is reasonable to infer that L. paucicostata is an effective aquatic macrophyte for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons in moderately polluted waters.
Relationship between headaches and tinnitus in a Swedish study
Authors: Lugo Alessandra , Edvall Niklas K. , Lazar Andra , Mehraei Golbarg , Lopez-Escamez Jose-Antonio , Bulla Jan , Uhlen Inger , Canlon Barbara , Gallus Silvano , Cederroth Christopher R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe heterogeneity of tinnitus is likely accounting for the lack of effective treatment approaches. Headaches have been related to tinnitus, yet little is known on how headaches impact tinnitus. We use cross-sectional data from the Swedish Tinnitus Outreach Project to i) evaluate the association between headaches and tinnitus (n = 1,984 cases and 1,661 controls) and ii) investigate the phenotypic characteristics of tinnitus subjects with tinnitus (n = 660) or without (n = 1,879) headaches. In a multivariable logistic regression model, headache was significantly associated with any tinnitus (odds ratio, OR = 2.61) and more so with tinnitus as a big problem (as measured by the tinnitus functional index, TFI ≥ 48; OR = 5.63) or severe tinnitus (using the tinnitus handicap inventory, THI ≥ 58; OR = 4.99). When focusing on subjects with tinnitus, the prevalence of headaches was 26% and reached 40% in subjects with severe tinnitus. A large number of socioeconomic, phenotypic and psychological characteristics differed between headache and non-headache subjects with any tinnitus. With increasing tinnitus severity, fewer differences were found, the major ones being vertigo, neck pain and other pain syndromes, as well as stress and anxiety. Our study suggests that headaches could contribute to tinnitus distress and potentially its severity.
Midlife Chronological and Endocrinological Transitions in Brain Metabolism: System Biology Basis for Increased Alzheimer’s Risk in Female Brain
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Shang Yuan , Mishra Aarti , Bacon Eliza , Yin Fei , Brinton Roberta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDecline in brain glucose metabolism is a hallmark of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Comprehensive understanding of the dynamic metabolic aging process in brain can provide insights into windows of opportunities to promote healthy brain aging. Chronological and endocrinological aging are associated with brain glucose hypometabolism and mitochondrial adaptations in female brain. Using a rat model recapitulating fundamental features of the human menopausal transition, results of transcriptomic analysis revealed stage-specific shifts in bioenergetic systems of biology that were paralleled by bioenergetic dysregulation in midlife aging female brain. Transcriptomic profiles were predictive of outcomes from unbiased, discovery-based metabolomic and lipidomic analyses, which revealed a dynamic adaptation of the aging female brain from glucose centric to utilization of auxiliary fuel sources that included amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, and ketone bodies. Coupling between brain and peripheral metabolic systems was dynamic and shifted from uncoupled to coupled under metabolic stress. Collectively, these data provide a detailed profile across transcriptomic and metabolomic systems underlying bioenergetic function in brain and its relationship to peripheral metabolic responses. Mechanistically, these data provide insights into the complex dynamics of chronological and endocrinological bioenergetic aging in female brain. Translationally, these findings are predictive of initiation of the prodromal / preclinical phase of LOAD for women in midlife and highlight therapeutic windows of opportunity to reduce the risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.
Nuclear Parkin Activates the ERRα Transcriptional Program and Drives Widespread Changes in Gene Expression Following Hypoxia
Authors: Shires Sarah E. , Quiles Justin M. , Najor Rita H. , Leon Leonardo J. , Cortez Melissa Q. , Lampert Mark A. , Mark Adam , Gustafsson Åsa B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase well-known for facilitating clearance of damaged mitochondria by ubiquitinating proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane. However, knowledge of Parkin’s functions beyond mitophagy is still limited. Here, we demonstrate that Parkin has functions in the nucleus and that Parkinson’s disease-associated Parkin mutants, ParkinR42P and ParkinG430D, are selectively excluded from the nucleus. Further, Parkin translocates to the nucleus in response to hypoxia which correlates with increased ubiquitination of nuclear proteins. The serine-threonine kinase PINK1 is responsible for recruiting Parkin to mitochondria, but translocation of Parkin to the nucleus occurs independently of PINK1. Transcriptomic analyses of HeLa cells overexpressing wild type or a nuclear-targeted Parkin revealed that during hypoxia, Parkin contributes to both increased and decreased transcription of genes involved in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Furthermore, a proteomics screen comparing ubiquitinated proteins in hearts from Parkin−/− and Parkin transgenic mice identified the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) as a potential Parkin target. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that nuclear-targeted Parkin interacts with and ubiquitinates ERRα. Further analysis uncovered that nuclear Parkin increases the transcriptional activity of ERRα. Overall, our study supports diverse roles for Parkin and demonstrates that nuclear Parkin regulates transcription of genes involved in multiple metabolic pathways.
Binary meta-hologram for a reconfigurable holographic metamaterial antenna
Authors: Hwang Ruey-Bing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research reports a design method for synthesizing the binary meta-hologram pattern implemented in a leaky waveguide that can radiate the feeding signal toward a prescribed direction. In fact, the obtained pattern is not always a uniform array; it is an almost-periodic one. Statistical analysis of the radiation pattern for imperfect array is then conducted to demonstrate that radiating main-beam angle (ensemble average) is dominated by the average period of a non-uniform array subject to a small perturbation. Additionally,the leaky wave of higher-order space harmonic in a periodic structure is employed to accurately predict the directional radiation including main beam as well as grating lobes.
Identification of prognostic signature of non–small cell lung cancer based on TCGA methylation data
Authors: Wang Yifan , Wang Ying , Wang Ying , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon–small lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignant disease with very poor outcome. Accurate prediction of prognosis can better guide patient risk stratification and treatment decision making, and could optimize the outcome. Utilizing clinical and methylation/expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we conducted comprehensive evaluation of early-stage NSCLC to identify a methylation signature for survival prediction. 349 qualified cases of NSCLC with curative surgery were included and further grouped into the training and validation cohorts. We identified 4000 methylation loci with prognostic influence on univariate and multivariate regression analysis in the training cohort. KEGG pathway analysis was conducted to identify the key pathway. Hierarchical clustering and WGCNA co-expression analysis was performed to classify the sample phenotype and molecular subtypes. Hub 5′-C-phosphate-G-3′ (CpG) loci were identified by network analysis and then further applied for the construction of the prognostic signature. The predictive power of the prognostic model was further validated in the validation cohort. Based on clustering analysis, we identified 6 clinical molecular subtypes, which were associated with different clinical characteristics and overall survival; clusters 4 and 6 demonstrated the best and worst outcomes. We identified 17 hub CpG loci, and their weighted combination was used for the establishment of a prognostic model (RiskScore). The RiskScore significantly correlated with post-surgical outcome; patients with a higher RiskScore have worse overall survival in both the training and validation cohorts (P < 0.01). We developed a novel methylation signature that can reliably predict prognosis for patients with NSCLC.