bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex ratio is variable and increasingly male biased at two colonies of Magellanic Penguins
Authors: Gownaris Natasha J. , García Borboroglu Pablo , Boersma P. Dee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSex ratios are commonly skewed and variable in wild populations, but few studies track temporal trends in this demographic parameter. We examined variation in the operational sex ratio at two protected and declining breeding colonies of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in Chubut, Argentina. Penguins from the two colonies, separated by 105 km, migrate north in the non‐breeding season and have overlapping distributions at sea. Conditions during the non‐breeding season can impact long‐term trends in operational sex ratio (i.e., through sex‐specific survival) and interannual variation in operational sex ratio (i.e., through sex‐specific breeding decisions). We found an increasingly male‐biased operational sex ratio at the two disparate colonies of Magellanic Penguins, which may contribute to continued population decline. We also found that the two colonies showed synchronous interannual variation in operational sex ratio, driven by variation in the number of females present each year. This pattern may be linked to sex‐specific overwintering effects that cause females to skip breeding, i.e., to remain at sea rather than returning to the colony to breed, more often than males. Contrary to our predictions, colony‐wide reproductive success was not lower in years with a more male‐biased operational sex ratio. We did find that males showed more evidence of fighting and were less likely to pair when the operational sex ratio was more male biased. Our results highlight an indirect mechanism through which variation in the operational sex ratio can influence populations, through a higher incidence of fighting among the less abundant sex. Because biased sex ratios can reduce the size of the breeding population and influence rates of conflict, tracking operational sex ratio is critical for conservation.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Sensitive Determination of Paracetamol Based on Nanosheets Self‐assembled Lindgrenite Microflowers
Authors: Fu Rong , Shen Mingju , Ding Yaping , Li Musen , Li Li , Ren Zhongming , Wu Qingsheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, the nanosheet‐assembled lindgrenite microflowers (chemical formula: Cu3Mo2O9) were synthesised through a simple process and low‐cost raw materials at room temperature in aqueous solution without using any surface‐active agent. The tightly interlaced nanosheets, like petals, can increase the specific surface area, which can bring about higher electrocatalytic activity and electroanalysis sensitivity. Thus, lindgrenite microflowers were prepared as an electrochemical sensor and successfully applied in the detection of paracetamol through the modified glass carbon electrode. Furthermore, this electrochemical reaction process was simulated at the ab‐initio level to reveal the catalytic mechanism, and the simulation results agreed well with electrochemical experiments. The electrochemical performance of the lindgrenite microflowers modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The linearity of paracetamol ranged from 0.05 to 1200 μM (IT method) and 0.05 to 1000 μM (DPV method), low detection limit (0.01 μM) and high sensitivity (5.11 mA mM−1 cm−2) towards paracetamol. Moreover, this sensor was applied to detect paracetamol in human blood serum samples. The excellent results demonstrated that the prepared electrode not only showed a desirable linear range towards paracetamol but also exhibited practical applicability and reliability towards human serum samples detection.
Quality assessment and variety classification of seed‐used pumpkin by‐products: Potential values to deep processing
Authors: Chen Qinqin , Lyu Ying , Bi Jinfeng , Wu Xinye , Jin Xin , Qiao Yening , Hou Haonan , Lyu Chunmao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeed‐used pumpkin (SUP) is known as a traditional popular crop, which is mainly processed for seeds. However, the by‐products (49 times the amount of seeds) were disposed directly into the field as waste. In this study, potential values of seed‐used pumpkins’ by‐products (SUPBs, peel and pulp) as food resource were investigated. Physico‐chemical, nutritional, and aroma profile of ten varieties of SUPBs were characterized, and variety differences were also distinguished. Peel “a*” value, water, fructose, crude fat, sucrose, and Ca contents were the 6 characteristic indicators of SUPBs which screened through correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and PCA‐X model. Comprehensive evaluation of physico‐chemical, nutritional, and aroma profile, four varieties by‐products (Jf8#, Nf8#, Rbf#, and Rf9#) were always characterized into Cluster Ⅰ. Other varieties were classified into Cluster Ⅱ based on aroma profile. However, two varieties by‐products (Db1# and Xn1#) presented significant differences from others (Db2#, Db3#, Db4#, and Myxc2#) in physico‐chemical and nutritional indices, they were classified as Cluster III and IV, respectively. Db1# had the highest nutritional value of soluble solid (11.78 ºBx), pectin (1,166.15 mg/ 100 g), total carotenoid (19.57 mg/ 100 g), and total sugar (13.69 g/ 100 g). Among all the SUPBs, Db1# had a relatively higher nutritional value, which was suitable as food resource for deep processing.
Multi‐response optimization of extrusion conditions of grain amaranth flour by response surface methodology
Authors: Atukuri Julian , Odong Brian B. , Muyonga John H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study was designed to optimize extrusion processing conditions for production of instant grain amaranth flour for complementary feeding. Multi‐response criteria using response surface methodology and desirability function analysis were employed during the study. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to determine the level of processing variables and to generate the experimental runs. The process parameters tested included extrusion temperature (110–158°C), screw speed (40–52 Hz), and feed moisture content (11%–16%), while response variable was protein digestibility, sensory acceptability, water absorption index, water solubility index, bulk density, and viscosity. Data obtained from extrusion were analyzed using response surface methodology. Data were fitted to a second‐order polynomial model, and the dependent variables expressed as a function of the independent variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that extrusion parameters had significant linear, quadratic, and interactive effects on the responses. Numerical optimization indicated that the optimum extrusion parameters were extrusion temperature of 150°C, extrusion speed (screw speed) of 50 Hz, and feed moisture content of 14.41%. The responses predicted for optimization resulted in protein digestibility 81.87%, water absorption index 1.92, water solubility index 0.55, bulk density 0.59 gm/L, viscosity 174.56 cP (14.55 RVU), and sensory acceptability score of 6.69, with 71% desirability.
Powerful rare variant association testing in a copula‐based joint analysis of multiple phenotypes
Authors: Konigorski Stefan , Yilmaz Yildiz E. , Janke Jürgen , Bergmann Manuela M. , Boeing Heiner , Pischon Tobias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn genetic association studies of rare variants, the low power of association tests is one of the main challenges. In this study, we propose a new single‐marker association test called C‐JAMP (Copula‐based Joint Analysis of Multiple Phenotypes), which is based on a joint model of multiple phenotypes given genetic markers and other covariates. We evaluated its performance and compared its empirical type I error and power with existing univariate and multivariate single‐marker and multi‐marker rare‐variant tests in extensive simulation studies. C‐JAMP yielded unbiased genetic effect estimates and valid type I errors with an adjusted test statistic. When strongly dependent traits were jointly analyzed, C‐JAMP had the highest power in all scenarios except when a high percentage of variants were causal with moderate/small effect sizes. When traits with weak or moderate dependence were analyzed, whether C‐JAMP or competing approaches had higher power depended on the effect size. When C‐JAMP was applied with a misspecified copula function, it still achieved high power in some of the scenarios considered. In a real‐data application, we analyzed sequencing data using C‐JAMP and performed the first genome‐wide association studies of high‐molecular‐weight and medium‐molecular‐weight adiponectin plasma concentrations. C‐JAMP identified 20 rare variants with p‐values smaller than 10−5, while all other tests resulted in the identification of fewer variants with higher p‐values. In summary, the results indicate that C‐JAMP is a powerful, flexible, and robust method for association studies, and we identified novel candidate markers for adiponectin. C‐JAMP is implemented as an R package and freely available from https://cran.r‐project.org/package=CJAMP.
Trefoil Factor Family 1 Inhibits the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating β‐Catenin Activation
Authors: Ochiai Yosuke , Yamaguchi Junpei , Kokuryo Toshio , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Ebata Tomoki , Nagino Masato 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
Recent studies have suggested that trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric and pancreatic carcinogenesis.

Approach and Results
To investigate the role of TFF1 in hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed immunohistochemical staining of surgically resected human liver samples, transfected a TFF1 expression vector into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, and employed a mouse model of spontaneous HCC development (albumin–cyclization recombination/Lox‐Stop‐Lox sequence–Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologG12D [KC]); the model mouse strain was bred with a TFF1‐knockout mouse strain to generate a TFF1‐deficient HCC mouse model (KC/TFF1−/−). TFF1 expression was found in some human samples with HCC. Interestingly, TFF1‐positive cancer cells showed a staining pattern contradictory to that of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and aberrant DNA hypermethylation in TFF1 promoter lesions was detected in HCC samples, indicating the tumor‐suppressive role of TFF1. In vitro, induction of TFF1 expression resulted in impaired proliferative activity and enhanced apoptosis in HCC cell lines (HuH7, HepG2, and HLE). These anticancer effects of TFF1 were accompanied by the loss of nuclear β‐catenin expression, indicating inactivation of the β‐catenin signaling pathway by TFF1. In vivo, TFF1 deficiency in KC mice accelerated the early development and growth of HCC, resulting in poor survival rates. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that the amount of nuclear‐localized β‐catenin was significantly higher in KC/TFF1−/− mice than in KC mice and that human HCC tissue showed contradictory expression patterns for β‐catenin and TFF1, confirming the in vitro observations.

Conclusions
TFF1 might function as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the development of HCC by regulating β‐catenin activity.
Ibrutinib in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 5 years on
Authors: Molica Stefano , Matutes Estella , Tam Constantine , Polliack Aaron 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA major revolution in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) began with the approval of ibrutinib, a first‐in‐class oral inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) and/or TP53 mutated patients with CLL. However, 5 years later, some issues relating to this disorder still remain including the fact that with ibrutinib only a relatively small proportion of patients achieve complete remission and that ibrutinib‐resistant CLL clones can develop in about 20% of patients. In addition, therapy must still be given continuously, and toxicities leading to drug discontinuation occur in about 30% of patients. In the meantime second‐generation BTK inhibitors have already aroused considerable interest and gathered momentum. A possible strategy to overcome some of these obstacles is to combine ibrutinib with other targeted agents especially in high‐risk disease, such as previously treated refractory patients or those with TP53 aberrations or complex karyotypes, in whom rapid eradication of disease is most desirable. Therapy with single agent ibrutinib should be part of a sequential approach for patients with low risk disease, especially in older patients (aged >70 years) with a higher burden of comorbidities. Long‐term results of ongoing studies combining Ibrutinib with (chemo)‐immunotherapy or other targeted agents are eagerly awaited. Future clinical trials are indeed still needed to provide answers to these open questions.
Nonlinear magnetoconvection in a rotating fluid due to thermal and compositional buoyancy with anisotropic diffusivities
Authors: Benerji Babu Avula , Reddy G. Shiva Kumar , Tagare Suhas G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnetoconvection in a rotating fluid due to thermal and compositional buoyancy with anisotropic diffusivities is investigated by both linear and weakly nonlinear analyses. By linear stability analysis, the threshold values of physical parameters give conditions for the occurrence of various types of bifurcations. By using multiple scale analysis, the nonlinear two‐dimensional amplitude equation is derived and occurrence of secondary instabilities is investigated. Nusselt number is used to study heat transport. Furthermore, the effect of stratification anisotropy is to enhance heat transport. The system of coupled amplitude equations is also derived.
Three‐dimensional computational comparison of mini pinned heat sinks using different nanofluids: Part one—the hydraulic‐thermal characteristics
Authors: Al‐damook Amer , Alfellag Mohanad A. , Khalil Wissam H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe hydraulic‐thermal characteristics of 3D pinned heat sink designs have been numerically compared as the first part of a three‐part investigation. Five different pin geometries (circular, square, triangular, strip, and elliptic pins) and an unpinned heat sink with three types of nanofluids (Al2O3–H2O, SiO2–H2O, and CuO–H2O) are considered for laminar forced convection. The range of Reynolds number is from 100 to 1000, and volume fractions vary between 0% and 5%. The finite volume method is employed to solve the Navier–Stokes and energy equations by employing a SIMPLE algorithm for a computational solution. Three parameters are presented—the Nusselt number, the bottom temperature, and the hydrothermal performance of the heat sink with pressure drop data. The findings indicated that the overall hydrothermal performance of elliptic‐pinned (EP) heat sinks produces the most substantial value of 3.10 for pure water. For different nanofluids, the SiO2–water nanofluids with EPs have the most significant hydrothermal performance. Also, this factor is enhanced with an increase in nanofluid concentration up to nearly 3.34 for 5% of SiO2–water. Consequently, applying the elliptic‐pinned heat sinks is recommended with pure water for considering an increase in the pressure drop, with 5% of SiO2–water nanofluids, regardless of an enlargement of pressure drop for heat‐dissipation applications.
Setting the record straight: System justification and rigidity‐of‐the‐right in contemporary Hungarian politics
Authors: Jost John T. , Kende Anna 
Published: November 2019

Despite international concern about the resurgence of right‐wing authoritarianism and xenophobic prejudice throughout Central and Eastern Europe, researchers have argued recently that rightists may be less cognitively rigid and system‐justifying than liberals and leftists in the context of Hungary (Kelemen, Szabó, Mészáros, László, & Forgas, 2014; Lönnqvist, Szabó, & Kelemen, 2019). We identify shortcomings of the research on which these claims are based and provide evidence that “rigidity‐of‐the‐right” does indeed characterise contemporary Hungarian politics. Specifically, we hired professional survey firms to administer measures of personal needs for order and structure, system justification and political orientation to two large, nationally representative samples in Hungary. Results revealed that self‐identified rightists scored higher than leftists on needs for order and structure and system justification (Study 1, N = 1005) and that supporters of right‐wing parties (Fidesz and Jobbik) scored higher on both general and economic system justification than supporters of liberal and leftist parties (Study 2, N = 886). In exploratory analyses, we also observed that rightists expressed more intolerance than leftists toward groups that are commonly mistreated in Eastern Europe, including the Roma, religious minorities and sexual minorities.
Some issues in blockchain for accounting and the supply chain, with an application of distributed databases to virtual organizations
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper reviews some recent blockchain‐based applications for information capture, distribution and preservation. As part of that review, this paper examines two key concerns with current blockchain designs for accounting and supply chain transactions: data independence and multiple semantic models for the same information distribution problem. Blockchain applications typically integrate database, application and presentation tiers all in the same ledger. This results in a general inability to query information in the ledger and other concerns. Further, since most applications appear to be private blockchain applications, there is a concern of agents needing to accommodate multiple blockchains depending on who their trading partners are and what they request. Finally, this paper uses a distributed database to design a ‘blockchain‐like’ system for virtual organizations.
Changes in anger and aggression after treatment for PTSD in active duty military
Authors: Miles Shannon R. , Dillon Kirsten H. , Jacoby Vanessa M. , Hale Willie J. , Dondanville Katherine A. , Wachen Jennifer Schuster , Yarvis Jeffrey S. , Peterson Alan L. , Mintz Jim , Litz Brett T. , Young‐McCaughan Stacey , Resick Patricia A. ,   on behalf of the STRONG STAR Consortium
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reduces anger and aggression and if changes in PTSD symptoms are associated with changes in anger and aggression.MethodActive duty service members (n = 374) seeking PTSD treatment in two randomized clinical trials completed a pretreatment assessment, 12 treatment sessions, and a posttreatment assessment. Outcomes included the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale and state anger subscale of the State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory.ResultsTreatment groups were analyzed together. There were small to moderate pretreatment to posttreatment reductions in anger (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.25), psychological aggression (SMD = −0.43), and physical aggression (SMD = −0.25). The majority of participants continued to endorse anger and aggression at posttreatment. Changes in PTSD symptoms were mildly to moderately associated with changes in anger and aggression.ConclusionsPTSD treatments reduced anger and aggression with effects similar to anger and aggression treatments; innovative psychotherapies are needed.
The “Buzz” Behind the Buzz Matters: Energetic and Tense Arousal as Separate Motivations for Word of Mouth
Authors: Teeny Jacob , Deng Xiaoyan , Unnava H. Rao 
Published: November 2019

This research provides a novel theoretical framework to explain the missing mechanism behind one of the strongest predictors for engaging in word of mouth (WOM): the consumer's psychological arousal (i.e., greater arousal leads to greater WOM; e.g., Berger, 2011). Across six studies (N = 1,309), we provide evidence for a motivational theory of the arousal–WOM relationship, highlighting the importance of the WOM's valence (positive vs. negative) as well as the consumer's salient type of arousal (energetic vs. tense; Thayer, 1989). In doing so, we demonstrate that consumers use WOM as an arousal management strategy: They are motivated to engage in positive WOM to maintain or increase their energetic arousal and to engage in negative WOM to reduce or eliminate their tense arousal. These findings also demonstrate the importance of the WOM recipient's response for the WOM source to achieve his/her desired arousal state. Thus, this work both expands our understanding of the arousal–WOM relationship and provides a framework for interpreting past work and conducting future investigations into when and how consumers will engage in WOM.
Microbial community dynamics and process performance of a full‐scale two‐stage anaerobic digester under the replacement from energy crop to poultry manure
Authors: Bellucci Micol , Borruso Luigimaria , Brusetti Lorenzo , Russo Pasquale , Beneduce Luciano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study assessed the composition and dynamics of the bacterial and archaeal communities in a full‐scale two‐stage anaerobic digester over five months. The plant was fed on a variable mixture of feedstock, in which the energy crops were replaced with poultry manure/litter (from 1.6% to 7.5%) to reduce the operational costs.RESULTSThe elevated concentration of ammonia in the digester did not hamper biogas production and its concentration of methane. The low level of acetate, butyrate and propionate in the methanogenesis phase indicated a strong activity of acetotrophic methanogens. PCR‐DGGE and sequencing have demonstrated that the stability of the volatile fatty acid distribution concurred with low level of population shifts as shown by the moving windows analysis. Nevertheless, PCoA analyses revealed that the variation in the digester alimentation and the carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio had a key role in assembly the bacterial and archaeal communities. The high ammonia level favoured the growth of Caldicoprobacteraceae and Syntrophomonadaceae, whereas dominant archaea detected belonged to the family of Methanosarcinaceae.CONCLUSIONCheap and readily available N‐rich feedstock could be used safely to decrease the costs of the anaerobic digestion process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Multistage operational transconductance amplifier frequency compensation technique based on fully differential feedback stage
Authors: Soltani Zanjani Masoud , Khatib Farzan , Seyyed Mahdavi Chabok Seyyed Javad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, a new configuration of a three‐stage Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is proposed. It removes the feedforward path while simultaneously amplifying the feedback path in the compensation network. Also, the proposed circuit uses only one small compensation capacitor which makes it appropriate regarding die area. The approach behind is demonstrated through a successful design using 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. In fact, the simulated OTA shows better performance in comparison with other methods and achieved 20.2 MHz, 82°, and 124 dB as gain‐bandwidth product, phase margin, and DC gain, respectively, and consumes 545 μW @ 1.8 V.