bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispositional optimism is associated with weight status, eating behavior, and eating disorders in a general population‐based study
Authors: Robert Margaux , Buscail Camille , Allès Benjamin , Shankland Rebecca , Tavolacci Marie‐Pierre , Déchelotte Pierre , Courtois Frédéric , Ait‐hadad Wassila , Andreeva Valentina A. , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Péneau Sandrine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this cross‐sectional study was to assess whether optimism is associated with body mass index (BMI), eating behavior and eating disorders (EDs) in a population‐based study.MethodIn 2016, a total of 32,805 participants aged ≥18 years from the NutriNet‐Santé cohort completed the Life Orientation Test—Revised, assessing dispositional optimism. Height and weight were self‐reported. Eating behavior was assessed with the revised 21‐item Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire. Risk of EDs was evaluated with the Sick‐Control‐One‐Fat‐Food Questionnaire. Linear and Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between optimism, BMI categories, eating behavior and ED risk, controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle and depressive symptom characteristics.ResultsOur sample was composed of 73.5% women, and the mean age was 55.39 ± 13.70 years. More optimistic participants were less likely to be underweight (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.89), or obese, particularly class III obese (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.84) compared with less optimistic individuals. Optimism was negatively associated with cognitive restraint (β = −.07; 95%CI: −0.08; −0.06), emotional eating (β = −.17; 95% CI: −0.19, −0.16) and uncontrolled eating (β = −.10; 95% CI: −0.11, −0.09). In addition, more optimistic participants had a lower risk of EDs (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.64).DiscussionOur findings showed that optimism was associated with weight status, eating behavior and risk of EDs in both women and men. The causal structure of the underlying observed association remains unclear and should be further investigated.
Electrochemical Quantification of Lead Adsorption on TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Narouei Farideh Hosseini , Kirk Kevin A. , Andreescu Silvana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work describes a rapid easy‐to‐use electrochemical method for quantifying lead (Pb2+) adsorption on metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), demonstrated here for titanium dioxide (TiO2). The method was able to quantify Pb2+ adsorption for concentrations as low as 0.95 μM, and up to 200 μM in NP dispersions, and to differentiate ion uptake in the presence and absence of a natural organic material, humic acid (HA). The method was selective for Pb2+ against Cu2+, As3+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Cr3+ ions when measured in the specific potential range from −0.4 to −0.6 V and was successfully demonstrated in water and home‐collected dust.
CFD Simulation of an Industrial PEM Fuel Cell with Local Degradation Effects
Authors: Fink C. , Gößling S. , Karpenko‐Jereb L. , Urthaler P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell model of a commercial software package is presented. The basic performance model is extended by two chemical degradation effects: ionomer degradation and carbon corrosion including platinum oxidation. The ionomer degradation model describes the ionomer mass loss due to hydrogen peroxide formation and subsequent attack of the ionomer by radicals. The carbon corrosion model calculates the carbon mass loss caused by carbon oxidation and the active area reduction due to platinum oxidation. The degradation models are coupled with an agglomerate model of the catalyst layer. The model is validated against measurements on an industrial cell. For these measurements, the cell is equipped with a segmented measuring board, which is used to measure the current density distribution and high frequency resistance of every segment. In order to test the predictability of the model under different operating conditions, measurements for stoichiometry and pressure variations are carried out. Calculated and measured current density distributions of the cell, aged by an accelerated stress test, are compared for the validation of the degradation model. Moreover, 3D simulation results of the fresh and aged cells are analyzed in detail and the influence of operating conditions on fuel cell aging is pointed out.
Core needle biopsy for diagnosing lymphoma in cervical lymphadenopathy: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Warshavsky Anton , Rosen Roni , Perry Chava , Muhanna Nidal , Ungar Omer J. , Carmel‐Neiderman Narin Nard , Fliss Dan M. , Horowitz Gilad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic yield of core needle biopsies (CNB) in cervical lymphadenopathy for lymphoma diagnosis is controversial. The aim of this study was to calculate the accuracy of cervical CNB in diagnosing lymphoma.MethodsWe conducted a meta‐analysis of all studies on patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy and referred to CNB. Patients with a diagnosis other than lymphoma were excluded. All cases diagnosed with lymphoma sufficient to guide treatment based on CNB outcome were considered accurate (actionable) results. A separate meta‐analysis was performed for various lymphoma subtypes.ResultsThree prospective and 19 retrospective studies, comprising 1120 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The rate of actionable lymphoma diagnoses following CNB ranged from 30% to 96.3%, with a random‐effects model of 82.45% (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.76‐0.88) and a fixed‐effects model of 78.3% (95% CI =0.75‐0.80).ConclusionCNB for cervical lymphadenopathy in lymphoma cases is relatively accurate in guiding treatment.
The role of a partition on free convection in a trapezoidal shaped building
Authors: Nagaraja R. , Aswatha  , Seetharamu K. N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeat transfer and fluid flow in a partitioned trapezoidal‐shaped building are carried out. The finite‐volume computational procedure is adopted for numerical simulations. The inclined wall of the building is uniformly heated; the vertical wall is the cold wall, whereas the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. The ranges of parameters studied are the Rayleigh number, Ra (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), the location of the partition, d (0.3L ≤ d ≤ 0.9L), and the partition height, h (0.3H ≤ h ≤ 0.9H). The results are presented for different locations and height of the partition in an enclosure in terms of temperature patterns, streamline curves, and the local and overall Nusselt numbers. It is noticed that when the height of the partition increases beyond 0.3H irrespective of the position of the partition, the heat transfer decreases drastically for all Rayleigh numbers. The comfort zones are located in the cavity for different partition heights. Correlations are developed for Nusselt numbers in terms of the Rayleigh number and height of the partition.
The pivotal roles of neddylation pathway in immunoregulation
Authors: Lu Yun , Yang Xuguang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionProtein neddylation, one of the most important posttranslational modifications that tagging neuronal precursor cell‐expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 onto substrate proteins, plays fundamental roles in the process of many cellular functions. A number of studies have demonstrated the critical roles of neddylation modification in multiple pathophysiological processes, but its regulatory role in the immune system has only been finitely unveiled.MethodsIn this review, the latest advances in the field of neddylation modification in regulating the immune responses are succinctly discussed.ResultsNeddylation modification acts as a crucial modulator of innate immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and lymphocytes. Dysregulation of neddylation alters characteristics and functions of those cells due to abnormal degradation of key signaling molecules involved in immunoregulation. Furthermore, the ectopic immune responses caused by the abnormal neddylation play pivotal roles in a variety of immune‐related diseases, such as infection, inflammation, and cancer.ConclusionsThe pivotal roles of neddylation pathway in immunoregulation are attracted more and more attention, which may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of a variety of immune‐related diseases and help to indicate new therapeutic targets and potential treatment strategies.
A cost‐effective approach to increasing participation in patient‐reported outcomes research in cancer: A randomized trial of video invitations
Authors: Signorelli Christina , Wakefield Claire E. , McLoone Jordana K. , Mateos Marion K. , Aaronson Neil K. , Lavoipierre Ange , Cohn Richard J. ,   The ANZCHOG Survivorship Study Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractMaximizing participation in cancer research is important to improve the validity and generalizability of research findings. We conducted a four‐arm randomized controlled trial to test the impact of a novel video invitation on participant response. We invited childhood cancer survivors and parents of survivors <16 years to complete questionnaires. We compared response rates to an invitation letter (control) vs receiving the letter plus a video invitation on a flash drive presented by a childhood cancer survivor, a pediatric oncologist or a researcher. We explored factors associated with viewing the video and examined the impact of enclosing the USB on study costs. Overall 54% (634/1176) of questionnaires were returned. Participants who received a video invitation on a USB were more likely to return the questionnaire than those who did not (58% vs 47%, P < .001). Participation rate did not significantly differ by video presenter. Forty‐seven percent of participants who received a USB reported watching the video, of whom 48% reported that the video influenced their decision to participate. Participants with a lower income (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.25‐0.74, P = .002) were more likely to report watching the video. Participants who received a video invitation required significantly fewer reminder calls than those who only received a written invitation (mean = 1.6 vs 1.1 calls, P < .001), resulting in a 25% recruitment cost‐saving for the study. Adding a USB with a video study invitation to recruitment packages is a cost‐effective way of improving study participation. This is important in an era of declining study participation and underrepresentation of vulnerable populations in research.
Microfinance and poverty reduction: New evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Arshad A. , Khan Sufyan U. , Fahad Shah , Ali Muhammad A. S. , Khan Aftab , Luo Jianchao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrofinance is key to reducing poverty in Pakistan. While comprehensive finance is frequently considered as, it creates inclusive growth and poverty reduction in poor communities, and can be boosted by ease of finance. However, when the poor people are involved in the broader scale (different types of poverty level), can this microfinance work? We used an econometric model to test the symmetry approaches of the comprehensive financial organizations and the poor in poverty reduction activities to find the answers. Keeping this in view, we studied different determinants related borrowers for the poverty reduction with respect to access to Micro finance institutes (MFI) and productive loan. Despite some limitations, such as those arising from potential unobservable important determinants of access to MFIs, significant positive effect of MFI productive loans has been confirmed. The significance of “treatment effect” of coefficients has been verified by probit model. In addition, we found that loans for productive purposes were more important for poverty reduction by MFB (Microfinance banks) than MFI. However, in urban areas, simple access to MFIs has larger average poverty‐reducing effects than the access to loans from MFIs for productive purposes. This leads to exploring service delivery opportunities that provide an additional avenue to monitor the usage of loans to enhance the outreach. Therefore, the results showed by probit model that access to MFI was better in urban areas and male borrowers thus achieved more loan. Therefore, it is suggested that for the poverty reduction, there is a dire need to improve and localize the Microfinance institutions in rural areas as well as to promote group lending methodology to avoid risk of getting loans and increase the number of both male and female savers. Thus, the saving value will be increased and side by side interest rate will be significantly achieved. Hence, it is concluded that the goal of providing sustainable financial services implicitly implies that MFIs provide financial services to the poor, whenever they find it profitable to do so. The removal of subsidy and the absence of interest rate restrictions could make the market for the poor become even worse as the market occupiers may act in their own interest. The powerful push will be needed from national economic and social impacts for the increasing support for microfinance.
Clinical pharmacist services within intensive care unit recovery clinics: An opinion of the critical care practice and research network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Mohammad Rima A. , Betthauser Kevin D. , Korona Rebecca Bookstaver , Coe Antoinette B. , Kolpek Jimmi Hatton , Fritschle Andrew C. , Jagow Benjamin , Kenes Michael , MacTavish Pamela , Slampak‐Cindric Angela A. , Whitten Jessica A. , Jones Carol , Simonelli Robert , Rowlands Ian , Stollings Joanna L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntensive care unit recovery clinics (ICU‐RCs) have been proposed as a potential mechanism to address the multifaceted unmet needs of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and caregivers. The needs of this population include, but are not limited to, medication optimization, addressing physical function and psychological needs, coordination of care, and other interventions that may help in improving patient recovery and reducing the rate of preventable readmissions. The objective of this opinion paper is to identify and describe clinical pharmacy services for the management of ICU survivors and their caregivers in an ICU‐RC. The goals are to guide the establishment and development of clinical pharmacist involvement in ICU‐RCs and to highlight ICU recovery research and educational opportunities. Recommendations provided in this paper are based on the following: a review of published data on clinical pharmacist involvement in the ICU‐RCs; a consensus of clinical pharmacists who provide direct patient care to ICU survivors and caregivers; and a review of published guidelines and literature focusing on the management of ICU survivors and caregivers. These recommendations define areas of clinical pharmacist involvement in ICU‐RCs. Consequently, clinical pharmacists can promote education on Post Intensive Care Syndrome and Post Intensive Care Syndrome‐Family; improve medication adherence; facilitate appropriate referrals to primary care providers and specialists; ensure comprehensive medication management and medication reconciliation; provide assessment of inappropriate and appropriate medications after hospitalization; address adverse drug events, medication errors, and drug interactions; promote preventive measures; and facilitate medication acquisition with the goal of improving patient outcomes and reducing health care system costs.
Clinical Utility of Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Vertebral Fractures From Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Kolanu Nithin , Silverstone Elizabeth J , Ho Bao H , Pham Hiep , Hansen Ash , Pauley Emma , Quirk Anna R , Sweeney Sarah C , Center Jacqueline R , Pocock Nicholas A 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are a risk factor for morbidity and mortality, frequently asymptomatic and often present in computed tomography (CT) scans performed for unrelated conditions. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of VCF from such images can potentially improve identification and treatment of osteoporosis. This single-blinded, single tertiary center study compared a CAD (Zebra Medical Vision®) to an adjudicated imaging specialist reevaluation using a retrospective consecutive sample of abdominal and thoracic CT scans (n = 2357) performed as part of routine care. Subjects over 50 years between January 1, 2019 and May 12, 2019 were included. Duplicates and unanalyzable scans were excluded resulting in a total of 1696 CT scans. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated for all VCF and for Genant grades 2 or 3 (ie, height loss of &gt;25%) using imaging specialist as the gold standard. Prestudy VCF reporting by hospital-rostered radiologist was used to calculate the number of scans needed to screen (NNS) to detect one additional VCF using CAD. Prevalence of any VCF was 24% (406/1696) and of Genant 2/3 VCF was 18% (280/1570). The sensitivity and specificity were 54% and 92%, for all fractures, respectively, and 65% and 92% for Genant 2/3 fractures, respectively. Accuracy for any VCF, and for detection of Genant 2/3 VCF, was 83% and 88%, respectively. Of 221 CAD-detected VCFs, 133 (60.2%) were reported prestudy resulting in 88 additional fractures (72 Genant 2/3) being identified by CAD. NNS to detect one additional VCF was 19 scans for all fractures and 23 for Genant 2/3 fractures. Thus, the CAD tested in this study had a high specificity with moderate sensitivity to detect incidental vertebral fractures in CT scans performed for routine care. A low NNS suggests it is an efficient tool to assist radiologists and clinicians to improve detection and reporting of vertebral fractures. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A founder noncoding GALT variant interfering with splicing causes galactosemia
Authors: Latchman Kumarie , Brown Jeanette , Sineni Claire J. , Ragin‐Dames Lorrien , Guo Shengru , Huang Jingyu , Thorson Willa , Hacker Stephanie , Barbouth Deborah , Tekin Mustafa , Bademci Guney 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGalactosemia is a rare, treatable hereditary disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. We investigated the etiology of decreased GALT enzyme activity in a cohort of newborns referred by the Florida Newborn Screening Program with no detectable GALT variants in diagnostic molecular tests. Six affected individuals from four families with Guatemalan heritage were included. GALT enzyme activity ranged from 20% to 34% of normal. Clinical findings were unremarkable except for speech delay in two children. Via genome sequencing followed by Sanger confirmation we showed that all affected individuals were homozygous for a deep intronic GALT variant, c.1059+390A>G, which segregated as an autosomal recessive trait in all families. The intronic variant disrupts splicing and leads to a premature termination and is associated with a single haplotype flanking GALT, suggesting a founder effect. In conclusion, we present a deep intronic GALT variant leading to a biochemical variant form of galactosemia. This variant remains undiagnosed until it is specifically targeted in molecular testing.
Effects of digestate on biomass of a selected energy crop and soil properties
Authors: Tan Furong , Zhu Qili , Guo Xujing , He Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA large number of digestates have not been fully utilized due to a lack of scientific, reasonable guidance, as well as imperfect technology. Hybrid giant Napier has great potential for use as a type of energy plant. As such, this study investigated the effects of digestate on the growth of a candidate energy crop and examined whether digestate was an ecologically viable means for soil restoration.RESULTSThe results showed that the total yields of all treatment groups receiving irrigation of digestate were higher (5.19–26.00%) than those of the control. The total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content of the soil had also increased after digestate application, compared with the control. Urease activities for all treatments increased 15.28 to 69.44% more than that of the corresponding control. Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) mainly contained humic‐like and fulvic‐like components through the application of digestate. More fluorescent components were also identified by two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D‐COS). These fluorescent components can improve the aromaticity and molecular weight of soil DOM so as to improve soil quality.CONCLUSIONSDigestate improved not only the aboveground biomass accumulation, but also the chemical properties of the soil, which was an appropriate strategy for restoring soil quality and contributing to the sustainable development of marginal. The long‐term impact of digestate application on soil quality will require additional long‐term experiments. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Can we associate environmental footprints with production and consumption using Monte Carlo simulation? Case study with pork meat
Authors: Djekic Ilija , Bozickovic Ivana , Djordjevic Vesna , Smetana Sergiy , Terjung Nino , Ilic Jovan , Doroski Ana , Tomasevic Igor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrowing population demands more animal protein products. Pork remains one of the traditional and relatively sustainable types of meats for human consumption. In this paper, life‐cycle assessment was performed using data from 12 pig farms. In parallel, a survey on the consumption of pork meat products was conducted analyzing responses from 806 pork meat consumers. The study aims to provide a quantitative calculation of six environmental footprints associated with the consumption of pork meat products in Serbia by analyzing data from pig farms and a pork meat consumption survey.RESULTSResults revealed that pork meat production is responsible for the emission of 3.50 kg CO2e kg−1 live weight, 16.1 MJe kg−1, 0.151 mg R11e kg−1, 31.257 g SO2e kg−1, 55.030 g PO4e kg−1 and 3.641 kg 1.4 dBe kg−1. Further calculations reveal that weekly emissions of various environmental potentials associated with an average consumer of pork meat products in Serbia are estimated at values of 4.032 kg CO2e week−1, 18.504 MJe week−1, 0.17435 mg R11e week−1, 35.972 g SO2e week−1 and 63.466 g PO4e week−1.CONCLUSIONSResults show that, on the one hand, pork products are responsible for environmental production impacts that mainly occur on farms while, on the other hand, consumption is characterized with high meat inclusion rates. As a leverage strategy it is recommended for producers to concentrate on lowering the production impacts rather than trying to reach consumers for sustainability conciseness. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanism of the oscillating chemiluminescence reaction in the luminol‐H2O2‐KSCN‐CuSO4‐NaOH system
Authors: Toki Erika , Osaki Shiori , Nakamura Misato , Tsuoka Kazuki , Samejima Nobutoshi , Nakashima Tetsuto , Abe Rin , Oyama Takahiro , Tsukiyama Koichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe conducted a simultaneous measurement of the potential of Cu2+, oxidation‐reduction potential (ORP), and the chemiluminescence intensity in the luminol‐H2O2‐KSCN‐CuSO4‐NaOH system. Two types of chemiluminescence were identified: a very faint continuous chemiluminescence and a strong oscillating chemiluminescence. The correlation between the potential of Cu2+ and ORP was measured experimentally for the first time. The effect of the initial concentrations of Cu2+ and H2O2 on the overall chemiluminescence intensity and the oscillation frequency was investigated in detail. Time‐dependent concentration variation of the chemical species existing in the reaction system was calculated using a Runge‐Kutta method. Two elementary chemical reactions not considered previously were taken into consideration. The overall experimental behavior was well explainable with our simulation. Based upon the comparison of our simulation with the experiment, we proposed that the strong oscillating chemiluminescence was induced by the reaction of luminol with ·OS(O)CN.