bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pontianus Polman re‐imagined: how (not) to write a history of religious polemics
Authors: Bauer Stefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis historiographical essay discusses several examples of how religious polemics have been studied with regard to their use of history. Only one book has ever treated the subject in a systematic way: Pontianus Polman’s L’élément historique dans la controverse religieuse du XVIe siècle (Gembloux, 1932). Applying a rigid scheme, Polman dealt first with Protestants and then with Catholics. For each side, he presented two sections: the first entitled ‘The accumulation of material’ (subdivided into ‘history of dogma’ and ‘church history’) and the second ‘The synthesis of material’. Polman’s general conclusion was that religious polemics stimulated historical research but that theological ideas were often considered to be of greater importance than evidence derived from historical documents and sources. After a consideration of contemporary reviewers such as Hubert Jedin and Lucien Febvre, I discuss Irena Backus' book Historical Method and Confessional Identity (2003) and argue that a new history of religious controversies should build on an ‘anatomy of polemics’, that is, on the study of scholarly conventions, their modification and rupture in Reformation polemics, giving particular attention to the criteria of religious knowledge as exemplified by debates about forgeries.
Is allocation of nursing home placement in Norway just?
Authors: Heggestad Anne Kari Tolo , Førde Reidun 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundOne of the core ethical principles in the Norwegian welfare state is the principle of justice; all citizens should have equal access to healthcare services, including nursing homes, independent of where they live, socioeconomic status or age. Patients who apply for a permanent place in a nursing home are among society’s most vulnerable. Hence, it is of great importance that the process of nursing home placement is just. The purpose of this study was to explore which criteria and values allocation of nursing home placements are built on, and whether the process is just.MethodsThe study has a qualitative design. Data were collected through individual interviews and observation. Executive officers in different municipalities who have the formal responsibility for the placements, and GPs and nurses on short‐term wards in nursing homes were interviewed. In addition, one of the researchers observed meetings where allocation of municipal healthcare services was discussed.ResultsHealthcare personnel in primary health care mainly agree on which criteria are the most important in order to safeguard the principle of justice. However, some unintended and less highlighted factors could jeopardise the ideal of fair and just allocation. Some of these were organizational variations, variations in the municipalities’ economy, variations in individual judgments and resourceful and strong‐willed relatives.ConclusionsOur study indicates that some of the weakest and most vulnerable patients in the Norwegian society are not treated equally. In order to safeguard the principle of justice, specific national criteria should be used in allocation of nursing home placements. However, national criteria are not enough. We suggest that in addition to guiding criteria, the unintended factors should be given more attention and focus on how to control them in a better way.
Interpersonal pursuit of intrapersonal health goals: Social cognitive–motivational mechanisms by which social support promotes self‐regulatory success
Authors: Riccio Matthew T. , Shrout Patrick E. , Balcetis Emily 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe short‐ and long‐term health benefits of both regular physical activity and healthy eating are well established for persons of all ages. Despite publicity about these benefits and publications of activity and healthy‐eating guidelines, many people struggle with implementing exercise and eating goals. With this work, we propose multiple social cognitive–motivational mechanisms by which social support can promote self‐regulatory success in these domains. Specifically, we outline how interpersonal processes can improve both action planning and action control across the pre‐action, action, and post‐action phases of physical activity and healthy‐eating goal pursuit. We suggest that close relationships offer a promising avenue for improving and promoting individual‐level health behavior. We also discuss limitations, costs, and potential future interventions relating to health, social support, and interpersonal processes.
Hepatitis B and C in the adult population of Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Hønge Bo Langhoff , Olesen Jens Steen , Jensen Mads Mose , Jespersen Sanne , da Silva Zacarias José , Rodrigues Amabélia , Laursen Alex Lund , Wejse Christian , Krarup Henrik , Aaby Peter , Erikstrup Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are prevalent in West Africa. To address the WHO 2030 goals of a 90% reduction in incidence and a 65% reduction in mortality for both infections, we assessed the prevalence of HBV and HCV from surveys in the general population.MethodsParticipants in this cross‐sectional survey were included from randomly selected houses in a demographic surveillance site in Bissau, Guinea‐Bissau. Participants were interviewed and had a blood sample drawn for viral analyses (HBsAg, anti‐HBs, anti‐HBc, anti‐HCV and HCV RNA). Risk factors of HBV and HCV infection were determined by binomial regression adjusted for sex and age.ResultsA total of 2715 participants were included in this study. The overall HBsAg prevalence was 18.7% (95% CI: 17.3–20.2%). HBsAg was associated with male sex (adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 1.64), and prevalence decreased with age >34 years. HBV exposure was found in 91.9% of participants. Although 72.6% of individuals without sexual debut had been exposed to HBV, ever engaging in a sexual relationship was associated with higher risk of HBV exposure (aRR 1.18). The anti‐HCV prevalence was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3–0.9%), and 78.6% of those had detectable HCV RNA. Risk factors for anti‐HCV sero‐positivity were age above 55 (aRR 10.60), a history of blood transfusion (aRR 5.07) and being in a polygamous marriage (aRR 3.52).ConclusionIn Guinea‐Bissau initiatives to implement treatment and widespread testing are needed to reach the WHO 2030 goals.
Design, Control, and Pilot Study of a Lightweight and Modular Robotic Exoskeleton for Walking Assistance After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Font-Llagunes Josep M. , Lugrís Urbano , Clos Daniel , Alonso F. Javier , Cuadrado Javier 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Walking rehabilitation using exoskeletons is of high importance to maximize independence and improve the general well-being of spinal cord injured subjects. We present the design and control of a lightweight and modular robotic exoskeleton to assist walking in spinal cord injured subjects who can control hip flexion, but lack control of knee and ankle muscles. The developed prototype consists of two robotic orthoses, which are powered by a motor-harmonic drive actuation system that controls knee flexion–extension. This actuation module is assembled on standard passive orthoses. Regarding the control, the stance-to-swing transition is detected using two inertial measurement units mounted on the tibial supports, and then the corresponding motor performs a predefined flexion–extension cycle that is personalized to the specific patient’s motor function. The system is portable by means of a backpack that contains an embedded computer board, the motor drivers, and the battery. A preliminary biomechanical evaluation of the gait-assistive device used by a female patient with incomplete spinal cord injury at T11 is presented. Results show an increase of gait speed (+24.11%), stride length (+7.41%), and cadence (+15.56%) when wearing the robotic orthoses compared with the case with passive orthoses. Conversely, a decrease of lateral displacement of the center of mass (−19.31%) and step width (−13.37% right step, −8.81% left step) are also observed, indicating gain of balance. The biomechanical assessment also reports an overall increase of gait symmetry when wearing the developed assistive device.
Protracted Cardiovascular Impairments After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Butler Cody R. , Allen Kirsten , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Lepley Lindsey K. 
Published: November 2019

Clinical Scenario: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a devastating knee injury with negative long-term consequences, such as early-onset knee osteoarthritis, biomechanical compensations, and reduced physical activity. Significant reduction in physical activity is a powerful indicator of cardiovascular (CV) disease; therefore, those with a history of ACL injury may be at increased risk for CV disease compared with noninjured individuals. Focused Clinical Question: Do individuals with a history of ACL injury demonstrate negative CV changes compared with those without a history of ACL injury? Summary of Key Findings: Three articles met the inclusion criteria and investigated CV changes after ACL injury. Both cross-sectional studies compared participants with ACL injury with matched controls. Bell et al compared time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity and step count, whereas Almeida et al compared maximum rate of oxygen consumption, ventilatory thresholds, isokinetic quadriceps strength, and body composition. Collectively, both quantitative studies found that individuals with a history of ACL injury had less efficient CV systems compared with matched controls and/or preoperative data. Finally, a qualitative study of 3506 retired National Football League athletes showed an increased rate of arthritis and knee replacement surgery after an ACL injury when compared with other retired National Football League members, in addition to a >50% increased rate of myocardial infarction. Clinical Bottom Line: A history of ACL injury is a source of impaired physical activity. Preliminary data indicate that these physical activity limitations negatively impair the CV system, and individuals with a history of ACL injury demonstrate lower maximum oxygen consumption, self-reported disability, and daily step count compared with noninjured peers. These complications support the need for greater emphasis on CV wellness. Strength of Recommendation: Consistent findings from 2 cross-sectional studies and 1 survey study suggest level IIB evidence to support that ACL injury is associated with negative CV health.
Behavior of thermal properties of AgCu1−xFexS compounds under non-isothermal conditions
Authors: Aliyev Y. I. , Khalilzade P. R. , Asadov Y. G. , Ilyasli T. M. , Mammadov F. M. , Ismayilova N. A. , Mirzayev M. N. , Jabarov S. H. , Dang N. T. 
Published: November 2019

AgCu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]S compounds were synthesized by partial Cu[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Fe replacement in the AgCuS crystal at a concentration range of 0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]x[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.03. In the differential thermal analysis spectrum obtained at a temperature range of 300 K[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]T[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1300 K, endoeffect corresponding to the structural phase transition in the AgCuS compound was observed at the temperature T[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]938 K. It has been determined that this result is also observed in the AgCu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]S compound obtained by partial replacement of Cu atoms by Fe atoms. However, in the compound of AgCu[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]S this effect was observed at higher temperatures. The thermal capacities and enthalpies of phase transitions were calculated for the given compounds.
A Glance at the Nuclear Envelope Spectrin Repeat Protein 3
Authors: Liao Liwei , Qu Rongmei , Ouang Jun , Dai Jingxing 
Published: November 2019

Nuclear envelope spectrin repeat protein 3 (nesprin-3) is an evolutionarily-conserved structural protein, widely-expressed in vertebrate cells. Along with other nesprin family members, nesprin-3 acts as an essential component of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Naturally, nesprin-3 shares many functions with LINC, including the localization of various cellular structures and bridging of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, observedin vitro. When nesprin-3 was knocked downin vivo, using zebrafish and mouse models, however, the animals were minimally affected. This paradoxical observation should not limit the physiological importance of nesprin-3, as recently, nesprin-3 has reignited the interest of the research community in studies on cancer cells migration. Moreover, nesprin-3 also plays an active role in certain developmental conditions such as adipogenesis and spermatogenesis, although more studies are needed. Meanwhile, the various protein binding partners of nesprin-3 should also be emphasized, as they are necessary for maintaining the structure of nesprin-3 and enabling it to carry out its various physiological and pathological functions. Nesprin-3 promises to further our understanding of these complex cellular events. Therefore, this review will focus on nesprin-3, examining it from a genetic, structural, and functional perspective. The final part of the review will in turn address the limitations of existing research and the future perspectives for the study of nesprin-3.
Inscribing Authority: Scribal and Archival Practices of a Safavid Decree
Authors: Bhalloo Zahir , Rezai Omid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mis̱āl, a type of administrative decree associated with the most important religious official in Safavid Iran (1501-1736), the ṣadr, has received little scholarly attention. This article attempts to lay the preliminary groundwork for a more comprehensive future study on the mis̱āls of the Safavid ṣadrs. In the first part, we introduce the ṣadr and his department, the dīwān al-ṣadāra. In the second part, we study how the scribal and archival practices of the mis̱āl construct the religious and administrative authority of the ṣadr and the dīwān al-ṣadāra. We focus on an unpublished mis̱āl relating to the endowment (waqf) of the shrine of a prominent Sufi shaykh of the Ṭayfūriyya tradition in Basṭām, Shaykh Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. ʿAlī Dāstānī (d. 417/1026). The appendix includes the text, translation, and a facsimile of the document.
Chinese and English Horoscopy in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: The Astrological Doctrines of the Twelve Houses and the Lot of Fortune in Xingxue dacheng 星學大成 by Wan Minying 萬民英 (1521–1603) and Christian Astrology by William Lilly (1602–1681)
Authors: Kotyk Jeffrey 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study compares the astrological doctrines of the Twelve Houses and Lot of Fortune as they are explained in Xingxue dacheng 星學大成 of Wan Minying 萬民英 (1521–1603) and Christian Astrology by William Lilly (1602–1681). These two astrologers, who were near contemporaries, lived on opposite sides of Eurasia, yet both were heir to traditions of astrology that together reached back to identical origins in the Near East. The use of largely similar doctrines between both authors testifies to the enduring integrity of astrology throughout centuries of transmission westward and eastward through multiple cultures and languages.
Is Astrology a Type of Divination? Thomas Aquinas, the Index of Prohibited Books, and the Construction of a Legitimate Astrology in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
Authors: Rutkin H Darrel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
What is the relationship between astrology and divination? In particular, is astrology a type of divination, as is often asserted or assumed? In both astrology and divination, knowledge and prediction of the future are primary goals, but does this warrant calling astrology a form of divination? I approach these questions by exploring the response of Thomas Aquinas, which was to be extremely influential for many centuries. First I analyze in some detail Thomas’s answer in his Summa theologiae 2-2.92–95; then I discuss two significant sixteenth-century examples of its influence: the 1557, 1559, 1564, and later indexes of prohibited books; and Pope Sixtus V’s anti-divinatory bull, Coeli et Terrae Creator (1586). In this way, we can explore some of the complex historical dynamics at play in the construction of a legitimate astrology in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.
Self-expanding segmental radioactive metal stents for palliation of malignant esophageal strictures
Authors: Bi Yonghua , Li Jindong , Yi Mengfei , Yu Zepeng , Han Xinwei , Ren Jianzhuang 
Published: November 2019

Background Traditional metal stents are not always suitable for patients with circuitous malignant esophageal stricture. Purpose We aimed to report the safety and effectiveness of stent insertion using self-expanding segmental radioactive metal stent in the palliation of malignant esophageal stricture. Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 22 consecutive patients who underwent insertion of segmental radioactive metal stents from November 2016 to March 2019. Technical success, dysphagia score, and complications were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze the survival time. Results The stenting procedure was successful in all 22 patients with no procedure-related deaths. Twenty-four segmental radioactive metal stents were successfully implanted. A total of 6 (27.3%) complications were found, mainly 5 (22.7%) stent migrations. The median follow-up period was 3.3 months. Stent removal was required in 4 (12.5%) patients due to complete stent migration. The mean dysphagia score decreased significantly after stent insertion ( P<0.0001). During follow up, 13 patients survived with no obvious clinical symptom and nine patients died. The mean survival was 9.9 months. Conclusion The stenting procedure using self-expanding segmental radioactive metal stents is safe and effective in dysphagia palliation of malignant esophageal stricture.
Lasmiditan for the acute treatment of migraine: Subgroup analyses by prior response to triptans
Authors: Knievel Kerry , Buchanan Andrew S , Lombard Louise , Baygani Simin , Raskin Joel , Krege John H , Loo Li Shen , Komori Mika , Tobin Joshua 
Published: November 2019

Background Lasmiditan demonstrated superiority to placebo in the acute treatment of migraine in adults with moderate/severe migraine disability in two similarly designed Phase 3 trials, SAMURAI and SPARTAN. Post-hoc integrated analyses evaluated the efficacy of lasmiditan in patients who reported a good or insufficient response to triptans and in those who were triptan naïve. Methods Subgroups of patients reporting an overall response of “good” or “poor/none” to the most recent use of a triptan at baseline (defined as good or insufficient responders, respectively) and a triptan-naïve subpopulation were derived from combined study participants randomized to receive lasmiditan 50 mg (SPARTAN only), 100 mg or 200 mg, or placebo, as the first dose. Outcomes including headache pain-freedom, most bothersome symptom-freedom, and headache pain relief 2 hours post-first dose of lasmiditan were compared with placebo. Treatment-by-subgroup analyses additionally investigated whether therapeutic benefit varied according to prior triptan response (good or insufficient). Results Regardless of triptan response, lasmiditan showed higher efficacy than placebo (most comparisons were statistically significant). Treatment-by-subgroup analyses found that the benefit over placebo of lasmiditan did not vary significantly between patients with a good response and those with an insufficient response to triptans. Lasmiditan also showed higher efficacy than placebo in triptan-naïve patients. Conclusions Lasmiditan demonstrated comparable efficacy in patients who reported a good or insufficient response to prior triptan use. Lasmiditan also showed efficacy in those who were triptan naïve. Lasmiditan may be a useful therapeutic option for patients with migraine. Trial Registration SAMURAI (NCT02439320); SPARTAN (NCT02605174).
Investigating Predictors of Prenatal Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy
Authors: Corby Kathryn , Kane Debbie , Dayus Deborah 
Published: November 2019

Background While breastfeeding is considered the optimal method of infant feeding, Canadian breastfeeding rates remain below the World Health Organization recommendations. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is known to positively influence breastfeeding outcomes. While previous research has identified predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the immediate postpartum, this study identified predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the prenatal period. Research aim: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the prenatal period among both primiparous and multiparous women. Methods A sample of 401 Canadian pregnant women in their third trimester completed an online survey. Stepwise multiple linear regression identified predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Results The following variables explained 41.2% of the variance in breastfeeding self-efficacy among the entire sample: feeling prepared for labor and birth, number of children, breastfeeding knowledge, anxiety, length of plan to exclusively breastfeed, income, plan to exclusively breastfeed, and type of health-care provider. Among primiparous women, the following variables explained 31.6% of the variance in breastfeeding self-efficacy: feeling prepared for labor and birth, income, anxiety, length of plan to exclusively breastfeed, education, and marital status. Among the multiparous women, the following variables explained 33.6% of the variance in breastfeeding self-efficacy: anxiety, length of prior exclusive breastfeeding experience, breastfeeding knowledge, and plan to exclusively breastfeed. Conclusion Through the identification of predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy in the prenatal period, health-care providers can strategically target women at risk of low breastfeeding self-efficacy and intervene early to promote breastfeeding.