bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An uncommon ECG manifestation of normal pacemaker function
Authors: Kumar Sharath K. , Morgan Christopher D. , Jordan‐Watt Michael , Singh Sheldon M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA presumed abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) was obtained from an asymptomatic patient with a pacemaker. Systematic evaluation of the ECG revealed that the artifact was due to a physiological sensor in the pacemaker which was displayed when the enhanced pacemaker detection features on the ECG machine was activated. The article discusses the possible causes and an approach to similar artifacts.
The metabolic clinical risk score as a new prognostic model for surgical decision‐making in patients with colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Duran Derijckere Ivan , Levillain Hugo , Bohlok Ali , Mathey Celine , Nezri Jonathan , Muteganya Raoul , Trotta Nicola , Lucidi Valerio , Bouazza Fikri , Germanova Desislava , Van Simaeys Gaetan , Goldman Serge , Hendlisz Alain , Flamen Patrick , Donckier Vincent 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSelection for surgery in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains inaccurate. We evaluated if CRLM baseline metabolic characteristics, assessed by [18]F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG‐PET/CT), could predict postoperative outcomes.MethodsIn a retrospective series of patients undergoing surgery for CRLM, we defined two groups: the long‐term survival (LTS) and early relapse (ER) groups, where the postoperative recurrence‐free survivals were ≥5 years or <1 year, respectively. We analyzed the patients in whom baseline 18FDG‐PET/CT was available. Clinicopathologic parameters, clinical risk score (CRS), and baseline 18FDG‐PET/CT characteristics were compared between LTS and ER groups. A metabolic CRS (mCRS) was implemented, adding one point to the standard five‐point CRS when the highest tumor standardized uptake values (SUVmax)/normal liver mean SUV (SUVmean(liver)) ratios were >4.3, defining low‐ and high‐risk mCRS by scores of 0 to 2 and 3 to 6, respectively.ResultsFrom a series of 450 patients operated for CRLM (mean follow‐up of 58 months), we included for analysis 23 and 30 patients in the LTS and ER groups, respectively. Clinicopathologic parameters and CRS were similar in the LTS and ER groups. Median SUVmax/SUVmean(liver) ratios were higher in ER vs LTS patients (4.2 and 2.8, P = .008, respectively). mCRS was increased in ER patients (P = .024); 61% of LTS patients had low‐risk mCRS and 73% of the ER patients had high‐risk mCRS (P = .023).Conclusions18FDG‐PET/CT characteristics combined with traditional CRS may represent a new tool to improve selection for surgery in patients with CRLM.
Kinetic study of the oxidation reaction of 4‐methylphenyl radical
Authors: Minamida Maya , Tanaka Kotaro , Tonokura Kenichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA kinetic study of the reaction of the 4‐methylphenyl radical (4‐C6H4CH3) with the oxygen molecule was conducted using experimental and theoretical approaches. The absorption spectrum for theλ = 266 nm photolysis of the 4‐C6H4CH3X (X = Cl, Br)/N2/O2mixture was measured in the wavelength range ofλ = 503‐512 nm using N2as the buffer gas at a total pressure of 40 Torr using a cavity ring‐down spectroscopy apparatus coupled with a pulsed laser photolysis system. Based on the absorbance of the product of the 4‐C6H4CH3 + O2reaction atλ = 504 nm, the reaction rate coefficient for the 4‐C6H4CH3+ O2reaction was determined to bek = (1.21 ± 0.10) × 10−11cm3molecule−1s−1andk = (1.18 ± 0.21) × 10−11 cm3molecule−1s−1using 4‐C6H4CH3Cl and 4‐C6H4CH3Br, respectively, as the radical precursor. And there was no pressure dependence in the total pressure range of 10‐90 Torr varying partial pressure of N2buffer gas atT = 296 ± 5 K. The geometries, vibration frequencies, and potential energy surfaces of the reactants, major products, and transition states in the 4‐C6H4CH3+ O2reaction were determined using the CBS‐QB3 method. Thekvalue at the high‐pressure limit was calculated to be 1.26 × 10−11 cm3molecule−1s−1using the variational transition‐state theory. The calculated value ofkwas consistent with the experimental value, which indicated that the 4‐C6H4CH3+ O2reaction reaches the high‐pressure limit at 10 Torr. Therefore, the oxidation of the 4‐C6H4CH3radical is almost 10 times faster than that of the benzyl radical, which has the same chemical formula, at the high‐pressure limit.
Inflammatory cell predominance and patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis patients
Authors: Marino Michael J. , Garcia J. Omar , Zarka Matthew A. , Lal Devyani 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThere is interest in identifying chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes that align pathophysiology with clinical observation and outcomes. CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) has classically been studied with reference to tissue eosinophilia, but the role of other cellular infiltrates remains uncharacterized. No particular tissue prognosticators have been described for CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Predominance of leukocytes seen in surgical tissue may be useful for differentiating CRS subtypes, severity of inflammation, and outcomes.MethodsStructured histopathology reports were examined for 277 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRSwNP (n = 115), CRSsNP (n = 141), and recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS, n = 21). Inflammatory predominance was examined for associations with nasal polyposis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), immune deficiency, preoperative Lund‐Mackay score, and outcome (SNOT‐22 score change).ResultsIn order of frequency, the prevalence of predominant inflammatory patterns accounting for 93.5% of CRS patients were: lymphoplasmocytic (n = 111), lymphocytic (n = 74), eosinophilic (n = 50), and lymphoplasmocytic with eosinophilic (n = 24). Eosinophilic predominance was 97.4% specific for nasal polyps (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.4%‐99.3%), although sensitivity was 43.4% (95% CI, 33.8%‐53.4%). The absence of eosinophilic predominance was 100% sensitive for RARS (95% CI, 82.4%‐100%), however specificity was 30.8% (95% CI 25.1%‐37.1%). There were no significant differences in preoperative SNOT‐22 scores or change postoperatively.ConclusionsEosinophilic inflammatory predominance was predictive for nasal polyps and against RARS. Nevertheless, the majority of CRSwNP patients had a different inflammatory predominance, demonstrating heterogeneity in CRS, even among patients with nasal polyps. Symptomatic outcomes were not associated with inflammatory predominance through 12 months follow up.Level of Evidence4.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone: A current review
Authors: Lovin Benjamin D. , Gidley Paul W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe rarity of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) precludes a clear understanding of the disease and approach to its management. This review provides general background on the disease and discusses the current and emerging oncologic and rehabilitative management options.Data SourcesPubMed literature review.MethodsA review of the current literature was conducted to assess and collate up‐to‐date information regarding TBSCC management.ResultsTBSCC is a rare and aggressive disease arising in the ear canal, temporal bone, or extratemporal sites. Prior radiation, chronic ear disease, or habitual ear picking may contribute to primary disease development. Because the symptoms of TBSCC and benign otologic disease are similar, TBSCC diagnosis may be delayed, allowing the tumor time to spread throughout the anatomically intricate temporal bone. The extent of the disease is determined based on imaging and is usually staged with the Pittsburgh Staging System. Temporal bone resection with parotidectomy and neck dissection is the current standard of care. Survival is generally good for early disease and poor for advanced disease, but chemotherapy is emerging as a promising treatment option. Auditory rehabilitation with osseointegrated hearing aids is recommended at initial oncologic resection.ConclusionsThe knowledge of and outcomes for TBSCC have improved with time, but because of the aggressive nature of the disease and the anatomic intricacy of the temporal bone, TBSCC treatment is complex and should be delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Inter‐institutional collaboration may accelerate research for this rare disease.Level of Evidence5.
From LC‐polymers to Nanomedicines: Different Aspects of Polymer Science from a Materials Viewpoint
Authors: Zentel Rudolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay compiles the work of the author on i) liquid crystalline (LC)‐polymers (including LC‐elastomers, ferroelectric LCs and LC‐particles), on ii) switchable helical polymers, on iii) polymer based opals, on iv) organic – inorganic hybrids for the improvement of quantum dot light emitting diodes or for battery applications as well as on v) polymeric carriers for biomedical applications (e.g. nanomedicine for tumor‐immune‐therapy). From the chemical side this work is based the use of various polymerization techniques including—as more special techniques—a) “surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization” to prepare extremely monodisperse polymer colloids, b) controlled radical polymerization (RAFT) to prepare functional block‐copolymers and c) photoinitiated polymerization, to start polymerization and/or crosslinking at a defined space and time during processing.
Preventing shoplifting: Exploring online comments to propose a model
Authors: Korgaonkar Pradeep K. , Gironda John T. , Petrescu Maria , Krishen Anjala S. , Mangleburg Tamara F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the marketing literature has expended considerable effort to understand and theorize consumer misbehavior. However, scant research theoretically explores shoplifting. This is surprising, as currently, the annual cost of shoplifting is close to $50 billion in the United States. Utilizing a mixed‐methods approach, we conduct two studies. Study 1 is a qualitative content analysis of online consumer discussions with regard to shoplifting. Study 2 is an empirical examination that uses a US national sample of n = 1,001 consumers; it is designed to test specific hypotheses regarding antecedents to consumers’ intentions to shoplift using an interdisciplinary theoretical framework from criminology, psychology, and marketing. The model integrates research from these different disciplines to improve our understanding of shoplifting by offering avenues to tackle it that supersede traditional security measures in retail. The integrated conceptual framework extends the theory of planned behavior and routine activity theory in understanding the behavioral intentions behind shoplifting. The results show that the suitability of shoplifting targets, offender motivation, and the absence of capable guardians affect potential offenders’ attitudes, subjective norms, and confidence in their ability to shoplift, which, in turn, all influence the intention to shoplift. The results contribute to our understanding of shoplifting and provide implications for retail practitioners over and above merely augmenting store security.
Marking Otoliths of Alligator Gar by Immersion in Oxytetracycline
Authors: Snow Richard A. , Long James M. , Porta Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula are increasingly being stocked to restore populations, making the need to identify stocked individuals important for monitoring. Oxytetracycline (OTC) immersion allows for large numbers of fish to be marked simultaneously, thus eliminating the need to handle fish individually, but protocols for doing so have not been investigated fully for this species. In this study, we sought to identify dosages of OTC (concentration and duration of exposure) that would successfully mark juvenile Alligator Gar while minimizing mortality as a result of the marking procedures. Juvenile Alligator Gar (38 ± 4.4 mm [mean ± SE]) were collected from raceways at Tishomingo National Fish Hatchery 18–22 d after hatch and were marked during transport to the Oklahoma Fishery Research Laboratory. Ten individuals per treatment (360 total individuals) were randomly placed into one of three replicates containing one of four concentration × duration combinations of Pennox 343 OTC solution. Juvenile Alligator Gar were exposed to an OTC concentration of 0 (control), 500, 600, or 700 mg/L for a duration of 4, 5, or 6 h. Asteriscus, lapillus, and sagittal otoliths were examined for mark presence at 14 d postexposure by using fluorescent microscopy. The OTC concentration and duration both affected mean mark quality similarly among otolith types. Mortality increased with increasing OTC concentration, suggesting that a balance between concentration and duration is needed to achieve marking goals. Based on our findings, batch marking of Alligator Gar was successful at OTC concentrations from 500 to 700 mg/L for 4–6 h, although immersion at 500 mg/L for 6 h and 600 mg/L for 4–6 h produced the best balance between high mark quality and low associated mortality.
Effects of Probiotics on Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease in Adult Patients Receiving Prolonged Parenteral Support: A Tertiary Care Center Experience
Authors: Alomari Mohammad , Nusairat Leen , Al Momani Laith , Chadalavada Pravallika , Covut Fahrettin , Olayan May , Young Mark , Romero‐Marrero Carlos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been hypothesized that dysbiosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on IFALD in patients receiving parenteral support, namely home parenteral nutrition (HPN) and home intravenous fluids (HIVFs).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed charts
of patients with intestinal failure who received HPN or HIVF for >2 weeks at our tertiary center between January 2005 and August 2016.We excluded patients <18 years of age, patients with other causes of liver disease, patients who used probiotics for <30 days, patients with <6 months' follow‐up, and those who had long‐term antibiotic use (>30 days). Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used in this study.ResultsA total of 282 patients who received parenteral support were included. Eighty‐five percent of our sample received PN. A total of 78 (27.7%) patients used probiotics. The prevalence of IFALD in patients who used probiotics was 35.9% vs 54.4% in patients who did not use probiotics, P = .005. In multivariable analysis, only small‐bowel length of 10‐90 cm and HPN use showed a significant impact on IFALD, odds ratio (OR) = 4.394 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.635‐11.814; P = .003) and OR = 4.502 (95% CI 1.412‐14.351; P = .011), respectively.ConclusionOur study revealed that the prevalence of IFALD was comparable among the probiotic users and nonusers. Only small bowel length of 1090 cm and HPN use showed a significant impact on IFALD.
The revelation of ESIPT behavior and fluoride response mechanism for (E)‐2‐(((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐imino)methyl)‐5‐(dimethylamino)‐phenol
Authors: Zheng Dan , Li Hui , Zhang Mengjiao , Liu Xiaobiao , Yang Dapeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGiven the tremendous potential of fluorescence sensors in recent years, in this work, as a kind of novel and few studied sensor containing both NH and OH binding sites, (E)‐2‐(((1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐imino)methyl)‐5‐(dimethylamino)‐phenol (bip) has been investigated on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) based on time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. Our simulated absorption and fluorescence spectra based on the TDDFT method are in agreement with the experimental results. Two kinds of bip structures could found in the S1 state, which could be attributed to the ESIPT reaction. Hydrogen bond strengthening has been testified in the S1 state based on comparing staple bond lengths and bond angles involved in hydrogen bond between S0 and S1 states. The calculated infrared (IR) vibrational spectra at the O‐H stretching vibrational region and theoretical hydrogen bonding energy also declare the phenomenon of hydrogen bond strengthening. The frontier molecular orbitals (MOs) analysis and Natural bond orbital (NBO) manifest the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic for bip chromophore, which reveals the tendency of proton transfer. The potential energy curvess of the S0 and S1 states are constructed to explain the mechanism of the proton transfer in excited state in detail. Further, given fluorescence sensing mechanism, we present the addition of fluoride anion can spontaneously capture the hydrogen proton of hydroxyl forming intermolecular hydrogen bond O‐H···F, which results in the formation of anion product with response fluoride anion.
Surface technology for additive manufacturing
Authors: Holländer Andreas , Cosemans Patrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies are recognized as promising new approaches for the production of industrial goods. One of the major drawbacks, however, is the surface quality of parts prepared by AM. In the present paper, the potential of applying classical surface technology to efficiently improve the surface properties of AM products is explored. The surface properties of parts produced by different AM technologies were investigated and showed rather large variations between various spots at the surface. Low‐pressure plasma, as well as flame treatment, were found to provide a good activation also of the porous surfaces of parts prepared by selective laser sintering of PA12 (polyamide). Lacquering was found to tremendously reduce the roughness of AM products. The best results were obtained by the combination of lacquering and polishing of lacquers, which are optimized for polishing.
Modelling the Fluctuations of Reactive Shock Waves in Heterogeneous Solid Explosives as Stochastic Processes
Authors: Kittell David E. , Yarrington Cole D. , Lechman Jeremy B. , Damm David L. , Baer Melvin R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile current phenomenological burn models are useful for describing the average or bulk reactive flow behaviour of heterogeneous explosives, one fundamental weakness inherent to these models is the loss of detailed microstructural information at the scale of the calculation. In order to include the effects of the microstructure, and in particular the underlying material heterogeneities that influence the build‐up to detonation, a new paradigm is put forth for modelling sub‐grid, reaction‐induced fluctuations (i. e. “hot spots”) at the continuum level. This modelling approach assumes that the reaction rate is stochastic, rather than deterministic, and it uses Langevin‐type equations with a mathematical framework built upon Itô calculus and Lambourn's CIM model for shocked heterogeneous explosives. This approach follows directly from our previous letter, Ref. [1], and is inspired by the probability density function (pdf) methods used in turbulent reactive flows. Here, the stochastic burn model is derived, implemented, and exercised far beyond what has been shown in previous work. New hydrocode simulation results demonstrate the role of stochastic fluctuations during shock initiation; these fluctuations are approximated by collections of discrete particles, that evolve with drift (i. e. deterministic) and diffusion (i. e. stochastic) coefficients. Additionally, the particle values are propagated and averaged to calculate the heat release, yield strength, and material impedance in each computational cell. Hydrocode simulation results further show how the fluctuating hot spot energy may or may not be transmitted to the wave front, and result in a detonation wave‐like structure. The fundamental stochastic nature of this model permits simulations to have varying outcomes with the same initial conditions; this allows for go/no‐go estimation (e. g., marginal or failed detonations), which might possibly be calibrated using the statistical distributions from real materials. Mesoscale calculations of shocked heterogeneous explosives also show that these fluctuations are physically justified (i. e., Ref. [2]), and it is hypothesized that the pdf functions provide a link between the meso(grain) and continuum scales for practical engineering calculations. Thus, our approach is a paradigm shift for building efficient, reduced order continuum burn models, that represent the sub‐grid stochastic behaviour of shocked heterogeneous solid explosives.
Bridging protein structure, dynamics, and function using hydrogen/deuterium‐exchange mass spectrometry
Authors: Hodge Edgar A. , Benhaim Mark A. , Lee Kelly K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMuch of our understanding of protein structure and mechanistic function has been derived from static high‐resolution structures. As structural biology has continued to evolve it has become clear that high‐resolution structures alone are unable to fully capture the mechanistic basis for protein structure and function in solution. Recently Hydrogen/Deuterium‐exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX‐MS) has developed into a powerful and versatile tool for structural biologists that provides novel insights into protein structure and function. HDX‐MS enables direct monitoring of a protein's structural fluctuations and conformational changes under native conditions in solution even as it is carrying out its functions. In this review, we focus on the use of HDX‐MS to monitor these dynamic changes in proteins. We examine how HDX‐MS has been applied to study protein structure and function in systems ranging from large, complex assemblies to intrinsically disordered proteins, and we discuss its use in probing conformational changes during protein folding and catalytic function.Statement for a Broad AudienceThe biophysical and structural characterization of proteins provides novel insight into their functionalities. Protein motions, ranging from small scale local fluctuations to larger concerted structural rearrangements, often determine protein function. Hydrogen/Deuterium‐exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX‐MS) has proven a powerful biophysical tool capable of probing changes in protein structure and dynamic protein motions that are often invisible to most other techniques.
Interpretation of damage caused by a vapor cloud explosion
Authors: Johnson D. Michael , Pekalski Andrzej , Tam Vincent H. Y. , Burgan Bassam A. , Hoorelbeke Pol , Savvides Chris , Allason Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe understanding of vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) has changed significantly over recent years. Whereas it had been previously considered that VCE incidents had involved only deflagrations restricted to well‐defined congested process regions, it is now widely accepted that deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) has been involved in major VCE incidents. Once DDT occurs, high pressures will be generated throughout any remaining unburned cloud, not just the congested process region. The stimulus for this change in understanding was the research conducted following the Buncefield incident in the UK in 2005; however, the conclusions have been found relevant to other VCE incidents. In the process of both conducting the research and reviewing VCE incidents, a significant amount of data have been obtained on the effects of VCEs on items within and around the flammable cloud. These data will be of significant value in the interpretation of the forensic evidence produced in any future VCE. This article reviews the data available from the research and shows how it can be used in the investigation of any future VCE incidents.