bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology and mode of the virtual thermal power plant in the clean heating field
Authors: Zhao Dongyuan , Zi Zhenning , He Yongjun , Chen Yufei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
China has the largest installed capacity of wind and solar power in the world, but winter heating in the northern region still relies mainly on coal combustion, and the current comprehensive heating scheme is still far from achieving climate change and environmental protection goals. Firstly, this paper analyses the significance of clean heating in china at the present stage, and the problems in the implementation of clean heating plan, and puts forward a virtual thermal power plant scheme based on Energy Internet. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the new scheme with the traditional clean energy heating scheme, it is concluded that the new scheme can not only absorb a large number of clean energy such as wind power, but also help to solve the problems of abandoned wind and solar power. In addition, it also has good economic benefits. Through the wide implementation of this scheme, the Energy Internet will lead the change of clean heating technology.
Constant power start-up control strategy for modular multilevel converter
Authors: Liu Wentao , Li Ke-Jun , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Jin , Cui Mei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
HVDC system based on modular multilevel converter(MMC) usually adopts fixed DC bus voltage to realize the start-up control of converter, which will have a great impact on AC network during charging process. This paper presents a constant power start-up control strategy based on MMC arm current control, which can effectively control active power, reactive power, output current and submodule(SM) capacitor voltage. Based on the existing two-stage start-up control mode, according to the output characteristics of arm voltage in controlled charging process, the circuit topology of DC side open circuit of converter is proposed, and the mathematical model is established. Based on the derived instantaneous arm power calculation method and the average sliding filter of SM capacitor voltage, the double closed-loop fast response controller of fixed AC power in controlled precharging stage is given. The safety of the power electronic equipment in the converter is effectively guaranteed and the impact of converter on ac power grid is greatly reduced. Finally, simulation models of conventional start-up method and proposed start-up method are built on MATLAB/Simulink platform to verify the validity and correctness of the proposed start-up control strategy.
Application research on high efficiency desulfurization technology of reducing calcium-sulfur ratio in circulating fluidized bed boiler
Authors: Xie Guowei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Based on current status of desulfurization calcium-sulfur ratio on active 150MW CFB boiler running poor economically, the actual influencing factors of the low desulfurization efficiency are studied combined with the desulfurization mechanism. In a typical load of 150MW CFB boiler, the degree of key factors influence on calcium-sulfur ratio is analyzed. On this basis, high efficiency technologies for improving the desulfurization efficiency and reducing calcium-sulfur ratio are proposed one by one for the influencing factors, and the application of technology is implemented on 150MW CFB boiler. The experiment is arranged to test desulfurization calcium-sulfur ratio of the boiler furnace before and after the implementation of the technology. The results show that the comprehensive operating calcium-sulfur ratio of the unit is reduced by 70% after the the application, and the technology has a good effect on significantly reducing calcium-sulfur ratio.
An investigation of haloacetic acid occurrence in indoor and outdoor swimming pools in Beijing China
Authors: Yao Shan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Swimming is one of the most popular amusement activities. In order to keep the swimmers from microbiological, the water need to be constantly disinfected. In this study, several indoor and outdoor swimming pools water and drinking water were investigated, it has found that swimming pool water has much higher HAA concentration and toxicity than the drinking water. DCAA and TCAA are the most abundant species in the indoor and outdoor swimming pool water. In the outdoor swimming pool water, TCAA concentration was higher than DCAA, while [DCAA]/[TCAA] was higher in the indoor swimming pool water.
Water management in hydraulic fracturing technology
Authors: Li Xuening , Liu Guoliang , Zhang Fusheng , Guan Baoshan , Sun Jianghe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Shale gas is a clean and efficient unconventional natural gas energy, which has gradually become a new hotspot in global oil and gas exploration and development. Hydraulic fracturing technology is one of the core technologies in shale gas production, which consumes a lot of water resources and produces a lot of polluted flowback fluid. How to effectively deal with the treatment of flowback fluid is a crucial issue. By analyzing the characteristics of fracturing flowback fluid, this paper lists the treatment technologies of fracturing flowback fluid, which can relieve the worries of shale gas exploitation and wide application.
Screening and characterization of high performance synthetic-based drilling fluids degrading bacteria
Authors: Zhang Qiaobo , liu Die , Liu Yihao , Liu Hanjun , Huang Min , Chen Lirong , Chen Qiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, eight degrading bacteria using waste high performance synthetic-based fluids (WHPSF) as sole carbon source were isolated. Genetic analysis showed that these strains belonged to 8 species, and distributed in 3 genera. Of them, genus Bacillus was the predominated one with 6 strains. Based on the COD removal rate, 3 effective strains, i.e. SQ17, SQ8-1 and SQ6-1, were screened; and SQ6-1 had the highest COD degradation rate (40.26%). Growth characteristic analysis indicated that SQ8-1 and SQ6-1 could grow at initial pH value from 4.0 to 10.0, and grow at 10 °C to 40 °C. Moreover, these bacterial strains had strong ability to degrade WHPSF, and both the bacteria amount and COD removal rate increased along with treating time. The results suggested that these bacteria could degrade WHPSF properly, and had good application potential.
Application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method using entropy weight in groundwater quality evaluation: A case study on Xianyang, China
Authors: Zhang Qiying , Xu Panpan , Qian Hui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Groundwater, especially unconfined water, is easy to be polluted in Xianyang of Guanzhong Basin. Therefore, the evaluation of groundwater quality is of great significance for the safety of drinking and control of pollution. In order to find out the water quality, 14 water quality assessment indicators were selected for 16 points. And the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy weight is used to evaluate the groundwater quality. The results show that the water quality level determined by the weighted average principle is better than that by the maximum membership principle. Nearly 75% of the water quality ranks are Class IV and Class V, and evaluation of water not exceed groundwater Class III water standard is solely approximately 25%. Moreover, the water quality in upstream of groundwater flow field is better than that in downstream. The main indicators of groundwater pollution are fluoride from the impact of geological environment and human activities and hexavalent chromium contained in wastewater discharged from industrial development in Xianyang city.
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by two species of Chlorella in allelochemical EMA condition
Authors: Zheng Yi , Chu Qiang , Ji Fangzhi , Peng Shitao , Liu Xianbin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to examine the effect of allelochemical EMA on the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in eutrophic water, Algae were constantly cultured by BG-11 medium with different concentration of allelochemical. The experimental results showed that lower concentrations (0.1mg/L) of EMA have a growth-promoting effect on Chlorella. vulgaris, but no obvious effect with higher concentrations. However, EMA has a significant inhibitory effect on Chlorella. pyrenoidosa. EMA can also promote the absorption of ammonia nitrogen by two algae. After nine days experiment, The highest ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency occurred in the 1.1 mg/L concentration of EMA, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella Pyrenoidosa removal efficiency were 71.89% and 79.06% respectively. High concentration of EMA can inhibit the absorption and utilization of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by two algae. The best removal efficiency of TN were 45.44% (0.1mg/L EMA) and 58.80% (0.1mg/L EMA) respectively. The best removal efficiency of TP were 95.06% (0 mg/L EMA) and 99.70% (0.3mg/L EMA) respectively.
Study on water resource carrying capacity of Xi’an based on AHP-fuzzy synthetic evaluation model
Authors: Feng Wenwen , Xu Panpan , Qian Hui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Based on the statistical data of water resource in Xi’an from 2005 to 2017, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to analyse the status and influencing factors of water resource carrying capacity in Xi’an for the past 13 years. The results show that the water resource carrying capacity of Xi’an in 2005∼2017 has been declining, and the water supply capacity has also shown a downward trend with a decrease of -0.0023/a. Nevertheless, the economic development and urban spatial assessment index have shown a rapid upward trend. In 2017, the annual total water supply of the city increased, leading to the continuous improvement of the environmental status of water resource in Xi’an. However, compared with the urban population growth rate of 9%, GDP growth rate of 19%, and urban consumption rate of 21%, the water resource carrying capacity will continue to decline in the short term and cannot be effectively improved. The main reason for the continuous decline of water resource carrying capacity in Xi’an is the shortage of water resource, and the daily water consumption per capita is increasing. Under the current water resource situation, it is difficult to effectively support the rapid development of urban economy and urbanization. Developing and enhancing citizens’ awareness for water conservation and improvement is necessary to support sustainable urbanization in Xi’an City.
Prediction model of air pollutant concentration based on deep neural network: A case study of Fushun, Liaoning Province
Authors: Lei Fei , Gu Deyu , Wang Xueli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy, the sources of air pollution are increasing, and the problem of air pollution is becoming more and more serious. Air quality prediction is a very effective means of predicting air pollution in the future, which helps the government regulatory authorities to provide early warning and protect people’s physical and mental health. In this paper, a prediction model of air pollutant concentration based on deep neural network is proposed. With the concentration of PM2.5 as the prediction target, the neural network chooses bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and fully connected neural network. First, historical meteorological data and the PM2.5 density from 2016 to 2017 were used as training data in this paper, which were obtained from website. Then, after pre-processing the input data, the data is transmitted to the network and trained multiple times to obtain network parameters that make the prediction effect better. Next, the network model is applied to the test set, and the test results are compared with the actual values to measure the prediction effect. Finally, by comparing with other prediction models, the results show that the proposed model performs better and has higher accuracy.
Estimation of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions from 1987 to 2015 in Fujian Province, China
Authors: Gan Hui , Liu Jia , Huang Wuhong , Yang Yanyan , Jiang Yuwei , Cai Yanan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Based on the data of agricultural activities of Fujian Province, the agricultural greenhouse gases emissions of Fujian Province during 1987-2015 were estimated and the uncertainties were analysed. The following conclusions were drawn. Firstly, the greenhouse gas emissions increased continuously during 1987-1992 while they decreased greatly in fluctuation during 1993-2015. Secondly, agricultural land was the largest emission source of the agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, followed by rice planting, and animal excrement and intestinal fermentation. Thirdly, the agricultural economic level had a far greater impact than the input of agricultural production materials.
Mapping the probability of exceeding environmental quality standards for Cd and Pb concentrations in soil of northern Tarim Basin using Bayesian geostatistical model
Authors: Wu Weimo , Wu Jiaping , Wang Jiaqiang , Cao Qi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cadmium and Pb are important hazardous trace metals in the biosphere, and they are considered to pose a great threat to environmental health. The probability map exceeding the environmental quality standard (EQS) can be used to measure the uncertainty of the spatial distribution of soil Cd and Pb and provides useful information for decision-making for environmental management. Many researchers have focused on Cd and Pb environmental problems in agricultural soils, and there are few studies that have investigated the Cd and Pb contents exceeding EQS in natural soils of the arid desert areas of northwest China. We collected 150 samples at 0-0.05 m and 0.05-0.1 m depths in the natural solonchak soil of northern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Province. The average concentrations of Cd and Pb were 0.45 mg/kg and 42.13 mg/kg at 0-0.05 m, and 0.29 mg/kg and 16.88 mg/kg at 0.05-0.1 m, respectively. The soil Cd and Pb concentrations were increased in comparison with the environmental background values. In addition, the soil Cd and Pb concentrations at 0-0.05 m were significantly higher than those at 0.05-0.1 m. We used the Bayesian geostatistical model to predict the spatial distribution of Cd and Pb concentrations and to map the probability of soil Cd and Pb exceeding the EQS. These probability maps are expected to be helpful for soil environmental protection of northern Tarim Basin.
The extension of continuous carbon emission monitoring system in China’s thermal power plants under the carbon market
Authors: Sun Shuanzhu , Zhou Chunlei , Wang Ming , Jiang Kai , Mujeeb Asad , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
China is facing severe climate pollution, thus the CO2 emissions of thermal power plants which consume a lot of fossil energy, need to be strictly monitored. At the same time, the thermal power plants and the government will face brand new environment, where the exactly appropriate monitoring approach of CO2 emission remains ambiguous. This study aims to distinguish monitoring approaches between Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) and factor-based approach on the basis of the operation features of China’s thermal power plants, analyzing the extension of CEMS. We review the major reducing greenhouse gas initiative in China—carbon market, and different emission monitoring approaches at first. We present the prospects of extension in CEMS’s technical features by analyzing an example of two generations using coal and gas, respectively, finding that CEMS is more accurate and dynamic. This study also presents the challenges by analyzing the refinement of factor-based monitoring approach. However, In contrast to many previous studies, we consider different influence in prospect and challenge from the market itself, the application experience and equipment installation basis. We finally draw an important conclusion that the factor-based monitoring approach is more suitable for China’s thermal power plants currently, but CEMS is more promising.
Decomposition analysis: Carbon emissions in China’s transportation sector
Authors: Yan Xiao , Zhang Zhongyun , Wei Zhehuan , Huang Xiaofei , Peng Peng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to deal with global warming and control carbon emissions, it is of great importance to identify the factors and their impact on the growth of carbon emission in the transportation sector. In this paper, the situation of carbon emissions in China’s transportation sector during 1996-2013 has been discussed and the decomposition analysis has been carried out by using the generalized Fisher index (GFI) method. It is found that: (i) Economic growth, energy intensity, population size and transportation intensity have positive effect on the growth of carbon emissions. (ii) Output value of per unit traffic turnover and energy structure have negative effects, among them, the former is the primary factor and the latter has an unobvious inhibition effect. We put forward suggestions to develop low-carbon transportation in China including to encourage people to adopt new energy vehicles in the passenger transport area, to utilize new energy vehicles in road freight and new energy ships in water freight, to encourage public and shared transportation, and promote the infrastructure construction of national multimodal transport.
Determination of 7 nitrobenzene compounds in soil, glass, and cotton cloth by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Gu Haixin , Bao Renlie , Yuan Yanhua , Zhang Xuan , Luo Yiwen , Kong Cong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An ultrahigh performance liquid chromatographic (UHPLC) method has been developed for detection of 7 nitrobenzene compounds (nitrobenzene, 2-nitrotoluene, 1, 3, 5-trinitrotoluene, 3-nitrotoluene, 3, 4-dinitrotoluene, 2, 6-dinitrotoluene, 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene) in soil, glass and cotton cloth. Analytes were extracted twice by acetonitrile. 200 μL of the extract solution was pipetted to a tube with 800 μL water. After filtration by a nylon membrane, the analytes were determined by UHPLC with a phenyl modified column. The linear correlation coefficients of more than 0.99 were achieved. The detection range was examined from 0.05 to 5.0 mg/L. In this method, the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 mg/kg was obtained. Recoveries in spiked samples were more than 87.8%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 8.5%. This method is simple, and of good recovery, allowing the detection of nitrobenzene compounds in soil, glass and cotton cloth.
Evaluation research and development suggestion on the low-carbon transformation of regional industry: Take Quangang District as an example
Authors: Gan Hui , Jiang Yuwei , Qi Huimin , Huang Wuhong , Cai Yanan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Quangang is an emerging petrochemical base in Fujian Province. This paper evaluated the low-carbon transformation of Quangang industry, and put forward suggestions. The statistic data of Quangang from 2007 to 2015 were collected. Through the frequency statistical analysis and framework analysis of the indicators in 78 related references, combined with the actual situation of the development of the industry in Quangang, 14 indicators were selected as the evaluation index system of low-carbon transformation for Quangang industry. The data was processed, analyzed and evaluated mainly using the CRITIC method. In 2007-2015, the total evaluation scores of the industrial sectors of Quangang showed a fluctuated upward trend. Among them, the total evaluation scores from 2007 to 2008 showed an upward trend, and it fell back from 2008 to 2010, then the scores increased greatly from 2010 to 2012 and decreased slightly from 2012 to 2015, and the peak of 0.420 appeared in 2012. The following suggestions were put forward: among the advantage industrial sectors, the key development ones would be Processing of Petroleum, Coking, Processing of Nucleus Fuels (9), Production and Distribution of Electricity and Heating Power (24), Manufacture of Foods (2), Production and Distribution of Gas (26), Printing and Recording Media Reproduction Industry (10); among the disadvantaged industrial sectors, the key adjustment ones for the low-carbon industrial transformation would be Manufacture of Rubber products (13), Manufacture of Pressing of Ferrous Metals (16), Production and Distribution of Water (25), Manufacture of Paper and Paper Products (7), Manufacture of Pressing of Non-ferrous Metals (17), Manufacture of Chemical Raw Materials and Chemical Products (10).
Research on real-time pricing strategy for load serving entity based on simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation
Authors: Lu Xing , Zhang Hongzhi , Zhang Dongyi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As one of the main participant in the electricity market, load serving entities (LSE) purchase electricity in the wholesale market, and provide different types of electricity package to users in the retail market. LSE’s profit mainly comes from the difference between the cost of purchasing electricity and the benefit of selling electricity. To reduce the cost, LSE can optimize electricity consumption characteristics of various types of users through real-time price adjustment, which can help to improve the shape of electricity purchase curve and implement demand side response. In this paper, a real-time pricing strategy based on synchronous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm (SPSA) is proposed. This method considers the difference between diverse users synthetically. Depending on the historical electricity consumption and historical price data, the user side response function is constructed, and the real-time electricity price is formulated with the objective of minimizing load curve’s peak-valley difference. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are verified by comparing the load curve and the power purchase cost before and after the price adjustment.
Exploration on development mode of rural electrification in Shandong Province
Authors: Liu Weidong , Li Min , Xu Shuangqing , Zhao Guan , Huang Wenrui , Sun Yazhong , Liu Xuejiang , Wang Lei , Zhang Tao , Yan Xing , Ma Junhua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rural electrification construction is an important foundation for promoting the rural revitalization strategy. On the basis of field investigation on the current situation of rural electrification development in 8 cities of Shandong Province, theoretical analysis is made on the methods of work development, and a development mode suitable for rural electrification construction in Shandong Province is explored. Government and company cooperation in full aspects is the key to success of rural electrification. Suitable operation mode with support system can help the expectation turn to reality by resolving the technical and financial problem.
Research on energy transaction mode of regional microgrid cluster and distribution network considering wind power uncertainty
Authors: Chen Lipin , Chen Bo , Cheng Chao , Xu Hao , Chen Shi , Jia Chuyun , Tan Siwei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to reduce the unnecessary energy interaction between the microgrid and the distribution network, while promoting the local accommodation of wind power, this paper presents an energy transaction mode of regional microgrid cluster and distribution network. Firstly, the mode integrates the load demand and wind power output in the area based on regional multi-microgrid operator. And then, the transaction mode uses the load transfer rate to describe the user response of time of use (TOU) price. Meanwhile, the mode also establishes a model for the TOU price of regional microgrid cluster system considering the uncertainty of wind power. Finally, an NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization problem in the model. Based on the experimental results, the transaction mode achieves cost reduction of microgrid cluster, while reducing unnecessary interaction between the regional microgrid cluster system and the distribution network.