bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental tests of bivalve shell shape reveal potential tradeoffs between mechanical and behavioral defenses
Authors: Johnson Erynn H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBivalves protect themselves from predators using both mechanical and behavioral defenses. While their shells serve as mechanical armor, bivalve shells also enable evasive behaviors such as swimming and burrowing. Therefore, bivalve shell shape is a critical determinant of how successfully an organism can defend against attack. Shape is believed to be related to shell strength with bivalve shell shapes converging on a select few morphologies that correlate with life mode and motility. In this study, mathematical modeling and 3D printing were used to analyze the protective function of different shell shapes against vertebrate shell-crushing predators. Considering what life modes different shapes permit and analyzing the strength of these shapes in compression provides insight to evolutionary and ecological tradeoffs with respect to mechanical and behavioral defenses. These empirical tests are the first of their kind to isolate the influence of bivalve shell shape on strength and quantitatively demonstrate that shell strength is derived from multiple shape parameters. The findings of this theoretical study are consistent with examples of shell shapes that allow escape behaviors being mechanically weaker than those which do not. Additionally, shell elongation from the umbo, a metric often overlooked, is shown to have significant effects on shell strength.
The burden of childhood hand-foot-mouth disease morbidity attributable to relative humidity: a multicity study in the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Luo Caiying , Ma Yue , Liu Yaqiong , Lv Qiang , Yin Fei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a growing threat to children's health, causing a serious public health burden in China. The relationships between associated meteorological factors and HFMD have been widely studied. However, the HFMD burden due to relative humidity from the perspective of attributable risk has been neglected. This study investigated the humidity-HFMD relationship in three comprehensive perspectives, humidity-HFMD relationship curves, effect modification and attributable risks in the Sichuan Basin between 2011 and 2017. We used multistage analyses composed of distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs), a multivariate meta-regression model and the calculations of attributable risk to quantify the humidity-HFMD association. We observed a J-shaped pattern for the pooled cumulative humidity-HFMD relationship, which presented significant heterogeneity relating to the geographical region and number of primary school students. Overall, 27.77% (95% CI 25.24–30.02%) of HFMD infections were attributed to humidity. High relative humidity resulted in the greatest burden of HFMD infections. The proportion of high humidity-related HFMD in the southern basin was higher than that in the northern basin. The findings provide evidence from multiple perspectives for public health policy formulation and health resource allocation to develop priorities and targeted policies to ease the HFMD burden associated with humidity.
Experimentally measured methane hydrate phase equilibria and ionic liquids inhibition performance in Qatar’s seawater
Authors: Qureshi M. F. , Khraisheh M. , AlMomani F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQatar has the third-largest natural gas reserves in the world and is the second largest Liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter in the world. These reserves are mainly located in its offshore North Field where the gas is extracted, transported to the onshore units, and is converted to LNG for international export. The formation of natural gas hydrates in the offshore subsea lines can cause unwanted blockages and hinder the smooth supply of gas supply from offshore to onshore units. In the present work, the formation and dissociation of methane gas hydrates have been studied in the ultra pure water system (UPW), artificial seawater (ASW), and Qatar seawater (QSW) at different conditions (4–10 MPa) using standard rocking cell rig. The naturally occurring seawater was collected from Ras Laffan seacoast located in Doha, Qatar. The seawater sample was examined for elemental analysis (SO4, Cl, Na, Ca, Mg, K, and Fe) using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) technique and its other properties like density, electrical conductivity, and pH were also measured. The experimental results show that the CH4 pure water HLVE curve is suppressed by about 3 K in Qatar seawater and 2 K in artificial seawater. The hydrate inhibition strength of the Ionic liquids (ILs) salts 3-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium methane-sulfonate [C7H14N2O3S] and 3-Ethyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium dicyanoazanide [C8H11N5] was evaluated in both the ultra pure water and Qatar seawater systems. Their performance was compared with methanol and other ILs salts reported in the literature. The selected ILs exhibited poor hydrate inhibition effect in the ultra pure water systems, but they show a noticeable thermodynamic and kinetic hydrate inhibition effect in the Qatar seawater system. The computational 3D molecular models of ILs and methanol were generated to cognize the plausible hydrate inhibition mechanism in the presence of these inhibitors.
Influence of benthic currents on cold-water coral habitats: a combined benthic monitoring and 3D photogrammetric investigation
Authors: Lim Aaron , Wheeler Andrew J. , Price David M. , O’Reilly Luke , Harris Kimberley , Conti Luis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStrong currents are a key component of benthic habitats by supplying food and nutrients to filter-feeding organisms such as cold-water corals. Although field measurements show that cold-water coral habitats exist in areas of elevated bottom currents, flume studies show that cold-water corals feed more effectively at lower flow speeds. This research aims to explore this disconnect in situ by utilising high spatial resolution ROV photogrammetric data coupled with high temporal resolution in situ acoustic doppler current profile measurements at seven study sites within the upper Porcupine Bank Canyon (uPBC), NE Atlantic. Object-based image analysis of photogrammetric data show that coral habitats vary considerably within the upper canyon. Although there is a regional hydrodynamic trend across the uPBC, this variation is likely driven locally by topographic steering. Although live coral tends not to face directly into the prevailing current direction, preferring lower local flows speeds, they can tolerate exposure to high-flow speeds of up to 114 cm s−1, the highest recorded in a Desmophyllum pertusum habitat. Not only do these high flow speeds supply food and nutrients, they may also help contribute to coral rubble production through physical erosion. These results can be incorporated into simulations of future deep-water habitat response to changing environmental conditions while extending the upper current speed threshold for cold-water corals.
Long noncoding RNA U90926 is crucial for herpes simplex virus type 1 proliferation in murine retinal photoreceptor cells
Authors: Shirahama Shintaro , Onoguchi-Mizutani Rena , Kawata Kentaro , Taniue Kenzui , Miki Atsuko , Kato Akihisa , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Tanaka Rie , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Kawashima Hidetoshi , Urade Yoshihiro , Aihara Makoto , Akimitsu Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, but the role of lncRNAs in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection remains unknown. Using RNA sequencing analysis, we explored lncRNAs that were highly expressed in murine retinal photoreceptor cell-derived 661W cells infected with HSV-1.U90926RNA (522 nucleotides) was the most upregulated lncRNA detected post HSV-1 infection. The level ofU90926RNA was continuously increased post HSV-1 infection, reaching a 100-fold increase at 24 h. Cellular fractionation showed thatU90926RNA was located in the nucleus post HSV-1 infection. Downregulation ofU90926expression by RNA interference markedly suppressed HSV-1 DNA replication (80% reduction at 12 h post infection) and HSV-1 proliferation (93% reduction at 12 h post infection) in 661W cells. The survival rates ofU90926-knockdown cells were significantly increased compared to those of control cells (81% and 21%, respectively;p < 0.0001). Thus, lncRNAU90926is crucial for HSV-1 proliferation in retinal photoreceptor cells and consequently leads to host cell death by promoting HSV-1 proliferation.
A global population assessment of the Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica)
Authors: Strycker Noah , Wethington Michael , Borowicz Alex , Forrest Steve , Witharana Chandi , Hart Tom , Lynch Heather J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing satellite imagery, drone imagery, and ground counts, we have assembled the first comprehensive global population assessment of Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at 3.42 (95th-percentile CI: [2.98, 4.00]) million breeding pairs across 375 extant colonies. Twenty-three previously known Chinstrap penguin colonies are found to be absent or extirpated. We identify five new colonies, and 21 additional colonies previously unreported and likely missed by previous surveys. Limited or imprecise historical data prohibit our assessment of population change at 35% of all Chinstrap penguin colonies. Of colonies for which a comparison can be made to historical counts in the 1980s, 45% have probably or certainly declined and 18% have probably or certainly increased. Several large colonies in the South Sandwich Islands, where conditions apparently remain favorable for Chinstrap penguins, cannot be assessed against a historical benchmark. Our population assessment provides a detailed baseline for quantifying future changes in Chinstrap penguin abundance, sheds new light on the environmental drivers of Chinstrap penguin population dynamics in Antarctica, and contributes to ongoing monitoring and conservation efforts at a time of climate change and concerns over declining krill abundance in the Southern Ocean.
Diagenetic evolution of the Oligocene Huagang Formation in Xihu sag, the East China Sea Shelf Basin
Authors: Qian Wendao , Yin Taiju , Zhang Changmin , Tang Huijia , Hou Guowei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe deep and ultra deep clastic reservoir is characterized by strong reservoir heterogeneity and complicated reservoir-forming characteristics for its high degree of diagenetic stage and the complexity of diagenesis. In order to better study the diagenetic evolution of deep and ultra deep reservoir in the burial process, a fine subsection scheme of 36 diagenetic micro-stage (DS) in diageneitic process was proposed based on paleotemperature (T), vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) and proportion of smectite in illite/smectite interstratified minerals (I/S-S%). Taking the Oligocene Huagang Formation in the Xihu sag of the East China Sea Basin as an example, the diagentic stage IIA1–IIA2–IIB was identified mainly by means of formation temperature data (T), homogenization temperature of fluid inclusion (Th), vitrinite analysis and clay mineral X-ray diffraction method. On this basis, diagenetic evolution using the fine subsection scheme in geological time were conducted. This fine division of diagenetic stage could bring accurate insight into porosity evolution history, hydrocarbon charging periods, diagenetic and reservoir-forming characteristics of low-permeability and tight sandstone.
Compact analytical flow system for the simultaneous determination of l-lactic and l-malic in red wines
Authors: Giménez-Gómez Pablo , Gutiérrez-Capitán Manuel , Capdevila Fina , Puig-Pujol Anna , Jiménez-Jorquera Cecilia , Fernández-Sánchez César 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the malolactic fermentation of red wines, l-malic acid is mainly converted to l-lactic acid. Both acids should be precisely measured during the entire process to guarantee the quality of the final wine, thus making real-time monitoring approaches of great importance in the winemaking industry. Traditional analytical methods based on laboratory procedures are currently applied and cannot be deployed on-site. In this work, we report on the design and development of a bi-parametric compact analytical flow system integrating two electrochemical biosensors that could be potentially applied in this scenario. The developed flow-system will allow for the first time the simultaneous measurement of both acids in real scenarios at the real-time and in remote way. Miniaturized thin-film platinum four-electrode chips are fabricated on silicon substrates by standard photolithographic techniques and further implemented in a polymeric fluidic structure. This includes a 15 µL flow cell together with the required fluidic channels for sample and reagent fluid management. The four-electrode chip includes counter and pseudo-reference electrodes together with two working electrodes. These are sequentially modified with electropolymerized polypyrrole membranes that entrap the specific receptors for selectively detecting both target analytes. The analytical performance of both biosensors is studied by chronoamperometry, showing a linear range from 5 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 M (LOD of 3.2 ± 0.3 × 10−6 M) and from 1 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−6 M (LOD of 6.7 ± 0.2 × 10−8 M) for the l-lactate and the l-malate, respectively. Both biosensors show long-term stability, retaining more than the 90% of their initial sensitivity after more than 30 days, this being a prerequisite for monitoring the whole process of the malolactic fermentation of the red wines (time between 20 and 40 days). The flow system performance is assessed with several wine samples collected during the malolactic fermentation process of three red wines, showing an excellent agreement with the results obtained with the standard method.
Using stochastic dynamic modelling to estimate the sensitivity of current and alternative surveillance program of Salmonella in conventional broiler production
Authors: Apenteng Ofosuhene O. , Arnold Mark E. , Vigre Håkan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince 2018, the EU commission has declared the Danish broiler industry to be Salmonella free. However, there is continuous Salmonella pressure from the environment, and a number of parent flocks and broiler flocks become infected annually. When a parent flock becomes infected, the infection can be transmitted vertically to the broiler flocks, before the parent flock is detected and destroyed, including the eggs at the hatchery. To address this issue, we developed stochastic dynamic modelling of transmission of Salmonella in parent flocks and combined that with the relation between flock prevalence and test sensitivity for environmental samples in the flock. Results suggested that after 10 and 100 infected hens were seeded, the likelihood of detecting an infected parent flock within the three first weeks after the infection was strongly influenced by the taking of five boot swabs (95% CI 70–100) instead of two (95% CI 40–100) or the supplementing of the two boot swabs by a dust sample (95% CI 43–100). Results suggest that the likelihood of detecting the broiler flock as infected in the program was estimated to at least 99% in broiler flock even if only one chicken was initially infected. These findings are of relevance for managing parent flocks and eggs at the hatchery in case of Salmonella infection in parent flocks in the Danish poultry.
Non-Gaussian tail in the force distribution: a hallmark of correlated disorder in the host media of elastic objects
Authors: Sánchez Jazmín Aragón , Rumi Gonzalo , Maldonado Raúl Cortés , Bolecek Néstor René Cejas , Puig Joaquín , Pedrazzini Pablo , Nieva Gladys , Dolz Moira I. , Konczykowski Marcin , van der Beek Cornelis J. , Kolton Alejandro B. , Fasano Yanina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInferring the nature of disorder in the media where elastic objects are nucleated is of crucial importance for many applications but remains a challenging basic-science problem. Here we propose a method to discern whether weak-point or strong-correlated disorder dominates based on characterizing the distribution of the interaction forces between objects mapped in large fields-of-view. We illustrate our proposal with the case-study system of vortex structures nucleated in type-II superconductors with different pinning landscapes. Interaction force distributions are computed from individual vortex positions imaged in thousands-vortices fields-of-view in a two-orders-of-magnitude-wide vortex-density range. Vortex structures nucleated in point-disordered media present Gaussian distributions of the interaction force components. In contrast, if the media have dilute and randomly-distributed correlated disorder, these distributions present non-Gaussian algebraically-decaying tails for large force magnitudes. We propose that detecting this deviation from the Gaussian behavior is a fingerprint of strong disorder, in our case originated from a dilute distribution of correlated pinning centers.
Identification of oral symptoms associated with atopic dermatitis in adolescents: Results from the Korea national representative survey 2009–2017
Authors: Shim Ji-Su , Yang Min-Suk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relationship between oral health and atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unclear. Here we investigated the association between oral health status and AD using data from 634,299 subjects in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS). Participants with oral symptoms were defined as those with any of following: sensitive teeth, toothache, bleeding gums or gum pain, and dry mouth. Current AD was determined by the question if participant had been diagnosed with AD from doctor within the past 12 months. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) for AD diagnosis according to the presence of oral symptoms. The OR for current AD, which is a dependent variable, was significantly increased in participants with oral symptoms, which are independent variables, in an adjusted model (OR, 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.29;P < 0.001). In detailed analyses, all four oral symptoms were significantly associated with AD diagnosis: sensitive teeth (OR, 1.21; CI, 1.19–1.23;P < 0.001), bad breath (OR, 1.18; CI, 1.17–1.20;P < 0.001), toothache (OR, 1.18; CI, 1.16–1.20;P < 0.001), and bleeding gums (OR, 1.14; CI, 1.12–1.16;P < 0.001). In the presence of oral symptoms, the ORs for having two or more allergic diseases (AD, allergic rhinitis, and/or asthma) were higher than that of AD alone. In this study, oral symptoms appeared to be associated with AD in Korean adolescences.
Expression of Dux family genes in early preimplantation embryos
Authors: Sugie Kenta , Funaya Satoshi , Kawamura Machika , Nakamura Toshinobu , Suzuki Masataka G. , Aoki Fugaku 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAfter fertilization, the zygotic genome is activated through two phases, minor zygotic activation (ZGA) and major ZGA.

Recently, it was suggested that DUX is expressed during minor ZGA and activates some genes during major ZGA. However, it has not been proven that Dux is expressed during minor ZGA and functions to activate major ZGA genes, because there are several Dux paralogs that may be expressed in zygotes instead of Dux. In this study, we found that more than a dozen Dux paralogs, as well as Dux, are expressed during minor ZGA. Overexpression of some of these genes induced increased expression of major ZGA genes. These results suggest that multiple Dux paralogs are expressed to ensure a sufficient amount of functional Dux and its paralogs which are generated during a short period of minor ZGA with a low transcriptional activity. The mechanism by which multiple Dux paralogs are expressed is discussed.
Individual variation in unfractionated heparin dosing after pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Hikino Keiko , Koido Masaru , Ide Kentaro , Nishimura Nao , Terao Chikashi , Mushiroda Taisei , Nakagawa Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to identify attributing factors to the interindividual variabilities of the infusion rates in unfractionated heparin therapy. We included patients who required unfractionated heparin therapy to achieve the target APTT after cardiac surgery between May 2014 and February 2018. Fifty-nine patients were included, of whom 8 underwent Blalock-Taussig shunt; 27, Glenn procedure; 19, Fontan procedure; 3, mechanical valve replacement; and 2, Rastelli procedure. Previously reported variables that influenced the response to unfractionated heparin treatment were initially compared, which included age; weight; sex; type of surgery; platelet count; fibrinogen, antithrombin III, total protein, albumin, alanine transaminase, and creatinine levels; and use of fresh frozen plasma. The type of surgical procedure was found to be significantly associated with the differences in heparin infusion rate (P = 0.00073). Subsequently, the variance explained by these factors was estimated through a selection based on the minimum Akaike information criterion value; models constructed by various combinations of the surgery types were compared. The model including the Blalock-Taussig shunt, Glenn procedure, and mechanical valve replacement showed the highest summed variance explained (29.1%). More than 70% of the interindividual variability in initial heparin maintenance dosing was unexplained.
The dynamics of plant nutation
Authors: Raja Vicente , Silva Paula L. , Holghoomi Roghaieh , Calvo Paco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article we advance a cutting-edge methodology for the study of the dynamics of plant movements of nutation. Our approach, unlike customary kinematic analyses of shape, period, or amplitude, is based on three typical signatures of adaptively controlled processes and motions, as reported in the biological and behavioral dynamics literature: harmonicity, predictability, and complexity. We illustrate the application of a dynamical methodology to the bending movements of shoots of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in two conditions: with and without a support to climb onto. The results herewith reported support the hypothesis that patterns of nutation are influenced by the presence of a support to climb in their vicinity. The methodology is in principle applicable to a whole range of plant movements.
Integrating single-cell RNA-seq and imaging with SCOPE-seq2
Authors: Liu Zhouzerui , Yuan Jinzhou , Lasorella Anna , Iavarone Antonio , Bruce Jeffrey N. , Canoll Peter , Sims Peter A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLive cell imaging allows direct observation and monitoring of phenotypes that are difficult to infer from transcriptomics. However, existing methods for linking microscopy and single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) have limited scalability. Here, we describe an upgraded version of Single Cell Optical Phenotyping and Expression (SCOPE-seq2) for combining single-cell imaging and expression profiling, with substantial improvements in throughput, molecular capture efficiency, linking accuracy, and compatibility with standard microscopy instrumentation. We introduce improved optically decodable mRNA capture beads and implement a more scalable and simplified optical decoding process. We demonstrate the utility of SCOPE-seq2 for fluorescence, morphological, and expression profiling of individual primary cells from a human glioblastoma (GBM) surgical sample, revealing relationships between simple imaging features and cellular identity, particularly among malignantly transformed tumor cells.