bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic profiles, educational attainment and physical activity associated with The Daily Mile™ registration in primary schools in England: a national cross-sectional linkage study
Authors: Venkatraman Tishya , Honeyford Kate , Costelloe Céire E , Bina Ram , M F van Sluijs Esther , Viner Russell M , Saxena Sonia 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo examine primary school and local authority characteristics associated with registration for The Daily Mile (TDM), an active mile initiative aimed at increasing physical activity in children.DesignA cross-sectional linkage study using routinely collected data.SettingAll state-funded primary schools in England from 2012 to 2018 (n=15,815).Results3,502 of all 15,815 (22.1%) state-funded primary schools in England were registered to do TDM, ranging from 16% in the East Midlands region to 31% in Inner London. Primary schools registered for TDM had larger mean pupil numbers compared with schools that had not registered (300 vs 269, respectively). There was a higher proportion of TDM-registered schools in urban areas compared with non-urban areas. There was local authority variation in the likelihood of school registration (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.094). After adjusting for school and local authority characteristics, schools located in a major urban conurbation (OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.71) urban vs rural) and schools with a higher proportion of disadvantaged pupils had higher odds of being registered for TDM (OR 1.16 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.33)). Area-based physical activity and schools’ educational attainment were not significantly associated with registration to TDM.ConclusionOne in five primary schools in England has registered for TDM since 2012. TDM appears to be a wide-reaching school-based physical activity intervention that is reaching more disadvantaged primary school populations in urban areas where obesity prevalence is highest. TDM-registered schools include those with both high and low educational attainment and are in areas with high and low physical activity.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in London, England: changes to community point prevalence around lockdown time, March–May 2020
Authors: Edelstein Michael , Obi Chinelo , Chand Meera , Hopkins Susan , Brown Kevin , Ramsay Mary 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe UK has been one of the European countries most affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The UK implemented a lockdown in March 2020, when testing policy at the time was focusing on hospitalised cases. Limited information is therefore available on the impact of the lockdown on point prevalence in the community. We assessed COVID-19 point prevalence in London between early April and early May 2020, which approximately reflect infection around the time of the lockdown and 3–5 weeks into lockdown.MethodsWe tested 1064 participants of a community surveillance cohort for acute COVID-19 infection using PCR in London in April and May 2020 and described positivity as well as characteristics and symptoms of the participants.ResultsPoint prevalence decreased from 2.2% (95% CI 1.4 to 3.5) in early April to 0.2% (95% CI 0.03 to 1.6) in early May. 22% of those who tested positive in April were asymptomatic. Extrapolation from reports of confirmed cases suggest that 5–7.6% of total infections were confirmed by testing during this period.ConclusionCOVID-19 point prevalence in the community sharply decreased after lockdown was implemented. This study is based on a small sample and regular seroprevalence studies are needed to better characterise population-level immunity.
Risk of immunotherapy-related narcolepsy in genetically predisposed patients: a case report of narcolepsy after administration of pembrolizumab
Authors: Natori Yutaka , Sasaki Eisaku , Soeda Shu , Furukawa Shigenori , Azami Yusuke , Tokuda Emi , Kanbayashi Takashi , Saji Shigehira 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundImmune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint therapy cause autoimmune disease-like symptoms. People who carry specific genotypes or haplotypes of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) are known to be predisposed to develop autoimmune diseases including narcolepsy. Immunotherapy could be a trigger to develop narcolepsy in predisposing HLA positive patients.Case presentationA 66-year-old woman with stage IVB endometrial carcinosarcoma experienced daytime sleepiness and temporary muscle weakness 14 days after the administration of an immune checkpoint inhibitor, pembrolizumab. These were consistent with the main symptoms of narcolepsy with cataplexy. This patient carried a highly predisposing HLA haplotype for narcolepsy; HLA-DQB1*06:02, DRB1*15:01, DQA1*01:02 and DRB5*01:01:01. A hypocretin-1/orexin-A concentration in the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid was low at 9.6 pg/mL in ELISA, and 155.5 pg/mL in radioimmunoassay that was below the normal level of 200 pg/mL. Therefore, she was diagnosed with narcolepsy tentatively according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy. The onset of narcolepsy in the 60s is very rare, and narcoleptic symptoms in our patient were likely to be caused by pembrolizumab.ConclusionsThis case suggests that treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors potentially causes narcolepsy in genetically predisposed patients.
Mortality from suicide among agricultural, fishery, forestry and hunting workers in Italy and the contribution of work-related factors
Authors: Alicandro Gianfranco , Grande Enrico , Sebastiani Gabriella , Violante Francesco Saverio , La Vecchia Carlo , Frova Luisa 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesExcess risk of suicide has been reported among workers in agriculture, fishery, forestry and hunting (AFFH). However, there is still uncertainty in the quantification of the risk and in the contribution of work-related factors. We aimed to quantify the suicide mortality risk among these workers in Italy.MethodsWe carried out a historical cohort study based on record linkage between the 2011 Italian census and the mortality archives for years 2012–2017. The mortality rate ratio (MRR) was used as a measure of risk. MRR was estimated through quasi-Poisson regression models using workers in other sectors as reference category. Models were adjusted for age, citizenship, marital status, area of residence, education, employment status and hours worked per week.ResultsThe cohort included 1 004 655 workers employed in the AFFH sector and 15 269 181 workers in other sectors. During the 6-year follow-up, 559 deaths from suicide (500 men and 59 women) occurred among AFFH workers and 5917 (4935 men and 982 women) among workers in other sectors. The MRR for suicide was 1.36 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.55) among men and 1.18 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.60) among women. The excess risk was remarkably high for casual and fixed-term contract workers (3.01, 95% CI 1.50 to 6.04).ConclusionsMale workers in AFFH are at high risk of suicide mortality, and casual and fixed-term contract workers are at exceedingly high risk. Our study also suggests a higher risk among single, highly educated and long-hours workers. Female workers in AFFH do not have an appreciably increased risk.
Variation in pediatric local anesthetic dosing for peripheral nerve blocks: an analysis from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN)
Authors: Taenzer Andreas H , Herrick Michael , Hoyt Matthew , Ramamurthi R J , Walker Benjamin , Flack Sean H , Bosenberg Adrian , Franklin Andrew , Polaner David M 
Published: October 2020

Background
Variation of local anesthetic dosing has been reported for adult peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) and infant caudal blocks. As higher doses of local anesthetics (LA) are potentially associated with increased risk of complications (eg, local anesthetic systemic toxicity), it is important to understand the source of LA dose variation. Using the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN) database, we aimed to determine if variation in dosing exists in pediatric single-injection PNBs, and what factors influence that variation.
The primary aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with dosing for the 10 most commonly performed PNBs, with the secondary aim of exploring possible factors for variation such as number of blocks performed versus geographic location.

Methods
The PRAN database was used to determine the 10 most common pediatric PNBs, excluding neuraxial regional anesthetics. The 10 most common pediatric PNBs in the PRAN database were analyzed for variation of LA dose and causes for variation.

Results

In a cohort of 34 514 children receiving PNBs, the mean age was 10.38 (+/-5.23) years, average weight was 44.88 (+/-26.66) kg and 61.8% were men. The mean bupivacaine equivalent (BE) dose was 0.86 (+/-0.5) mg kg
−1
and ropivacaine was used in 65.4% of blocks. Dose decreases with age (estimate −0.016 (−0.017, –0.015; p<0.001)). In all blocks for all age groups, the range of doses that make up the central 80% of all doses exceeds the mean BE dose for the block. Variation is not related to the number blocks performed at an institution (p=0.33 (CI −0.42 to 0.15)). The dose administered for a PNB is driven in order of impact by the institution where the block was performed (Cohen’s ƒ=0.45), then by weight (0.31), type of block (0.27), LA used (0.15) and age (0.03).

Conclusions
Considerable variation in dosing exists in all age groups and in all block types. The most impactful driver of local anesthetic dose is the institution where the block was performed, indicating the dosing of a potentially lethal drug is more based on local culture than on evidence.
Interior polynomial for signed bipartite graphs and the HOMFLY polynomial
Authors: Kato Keiju 
Published: October 2020

The interior polynomial is a Tutte-type invariant of bipartite graphs, and a part of the HOMFLY polynomial of a special alternating link coincides with the interior polynomial of the Seifert graph of the link. We extend the interior polynomial to signed bipartite graphs, and we show that, in the planar case, it is equal to the maximal [Formula: see text]-degree part of the HOMFLY polynomial of a naturally associated link. Note that the latter can be any oriented link. This result fits into a program aimed at deriving the HOMFLY polynomial from Floer homology. We also establish some other, more basic properties of the signed interior polynomial. For example, the HOMFLY polynomial of the mirror image of [Formula: see text] is given by [Formula: see text]. This implies a mirroring formula for the signed interior polynomial in the planar case. We prove that the same property holds for any bipartite graph and the same graph with all signs reversed. The proof relies on Ehrhart reciprocity applied to the so-called root polytope. We also establish formulas for the signed interior polynomial inspired by the knot theoretical notions of flyping and mutation. This leads to new identities for the original unsigned interior polynomial.
Long-Term Outcomes of Left Atrial Appendage Electrical Isolation in Patients With Nonparoxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Romero Jorge , Di Biase Luigi , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Trivedi Chintan , Patel Kavisha , Parides Michael , Alviz Isabella , Diaz Juan C. , Natale Veronica , Sanchez Javier , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Yang Ruike , Mohanty Prasant , Gianni Carola , Horton Rodney , Burkhardt David , Al-Ahmad Amin , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Natale Andrea 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Left atrial appendage electrical isolation (LAAEI) has been proposed for the treatment of nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The long-term clinical outcomes of this approach remain unclear. The objective of our study was to investigate the incremental benefit and safety of LAAEI in patients undergoing catheter ablation for nonparoxysmal AF.

Methods:
Propensity score-matched analysis was performed using a prospective registry database from 2010 to 2014. All patients in the LAAEI group were matched based on baseline characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, and procedural ablation techniques.

Results:

We identified 1842 patients who underwent catheter ablation for nonparoxysmal AF. Propensity score matching yielded 1092 patients, 546 patients with LAAEI, and 546 patients without LAAEI. At 5-year follow-up, overall freedom from all-atrial arrhythmia recurrence, off-antiarrhythmic drugs, in patients who underwent LAAEI was 68.9% versus 50.2% in those who underwent standard ablation alone (
P
<0.001). Acute complication rates were similar between groups (LAAEI 1.3% versus non-LAAEI 0.73%,
P
=0.36). At 5-year follow-up, 382 (70%) patients in the LAAEI group remained on oral anticoagulation versus 217 (39.7%) in the non-LAAEI group. At 5-year follow-up, thromboembolic events occurred in 15/546 (2.75%) in the LAAEI group and 4/546 (0.73%) in the non-LAAEI group (
P
=0.01). No thromboembolic events occurred in either group on-oral anticoagulation. In patients who were off-oral anticoagulation, at 5-year follow-up, thromboembolic events occurred in 15/164 (9.1%) in the LAAEI group and 4/329 (1.2%) in the non-LAAEI group (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
At 5-year follow-up, LAAEI was associated with significantly higher freedom from all-atrial arrhythmia recurrence in patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF without increasing acute procedural complication rate. In patients off-oral anticoagulation, there appears to be a higher risk of thromboembolic events in the LAAEI group.
Description of Aporcella minor sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae) from Iran, with an updated taxonomy of the genus
Authors: Vazifeh Nasir , Niknam Gholamreza , Naghavi Arezoo , Jabbari Habibeh , Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: October 2020

Summary
A new species belonging to the genus Aporcella, collected in cultivated soils of East Azarbaijan province, Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by its 1.08 (1.05-1.15) mm long body, two-layered cuticle, lip region offset by constriction and 12 (11-13) μm broad, odontostyle 13.0 (12.5-14.0) μm long or nearly equal to lip region diam., neck 310 (293-325) μm long, pharyngeal expansion 137 (128-144) μm long, occupying 43-45% of the total neck length, female genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, uterus simple, 34-48 μm long, vulva transverse (V = 59 (58-61)), tail conical with finely rounded terminus (30 (29-33) μm long, c = 34 (33-36), c′ = 1.5 (1.4-1.6)), and male absent. Molecular analyses, using Bayesian inference based on partial LSU sequences, confirm the monophyly of Aporcella as well as its clustering with other dorylaimid taxa characterised by the absence of pars refringens vaginae. The taxonomy of the genus is updated, with an emended diagnosis, list of species, key to their identification, and a compendium of the main morphometrics of species/populations described since the last available revision.
Interactive Radiation Accelerates the Intensification of the Midlevel Vortex for Tropical Cyclogenesis
Authors: Yang Bolei , Tan Zhe-Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInteractive radiation helps accelerate tropical cyclogenesis, but the mechanism is still unclear. Using idealized numerical modeling in the radiative–convective equilibrium framework, it is revealed that interactive radiation can bring forward tropical cyclogenesis by accelerating the development of the midlevel vortex. A strong horizontal longwave radiative warming anomaly in the layer between 6 and 11 km altitudes in the vortex region, caused by large concentration of ice-phased particles at high levels, is critical to the development of the midlevel vortex. This longwave radiative warming anomaly induces more upward water vapor flux (mainly in the nonconvective region) and then results in more latent heating at upper levels and more sublimation and melting cooling at lower levels. This leads to an increase of the vertical diabatic heating gradient, and then the intensification of the midlevel vortex. A stronger upward water vapor flux also produces more condensates at upper levels and further enhances the horizontal longwave radiative warming anomaly in the upper troposphere, constituting a positive feedback, and then accelerates tropical cyclogenesis.
The Spatiotemporal Variability of Nonorographic Gravity Wave Energy and Relation to Its Source Functions
Authors: Amiramjadi Mozhgan , Mohebalhojeh Ali R. , Mirzaei Mohammad , Zülicke Christoph , Plougonven Riwal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe way the large-scale flow determines the energy of the nonorographic mesoscale inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) is theoretically significant and practically useful for source parameterization of IGWs. The relations previously developed on the f plane for tropospheric sources of IGWs including jets, fronts, and convection in terms of associated secondary circulations strength are generalized for application over the globe. A low-pass spatial filter with a cutoff zonal wavenumber of 22 is applied to separate the large-scale flow from the IGWs using the ERA5 data of ECMWF for the period 2016–19. A comparison with GRACILE data based on satellite observations of the middle stratosphere shows reasonable representation of IGWs in the ERA5 data despite underestimates by a factor of smaller than 3. The sum of the energies, which are mass-weighted integrals in the troposphere from the surface to 100 hPa, as given by the generalized relations is termed initial parameterized energy. The corresponding energy integral for the IGWs is termed the diagnosed energy. The connection between the parameterized and diagnosed IGW energies is explored with regression analysis for each season and six oceanic domains distributed over the globe covering the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and the tropics. While capturing the seasonal cycle, the domain area-average seasonal mean initial parameterized energy is weaker than the diagnosed energy by a factor of 3. The best performance in regression analysis is obtained by using a combination of power and exponential functions, which suggests evidence of exponential weakness.
Depression screening in Surabaya Indonesia: Urgent need for better mental health care for high-risk communities and suicide prevention for men
Authors: Maramis Margarita M , Pantouw Jakobus Gerick , Lesmana Cokorda Bagus Jaya 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: Despite its high prevalence and considerable burden, depression is not handled with the required urgency in Indonesia. Existing data from the government does not specifically note its prevalence and symptoms manifestation. This study screened depression in Surabaya, where the prevalence of mood disorder was reported to be higher than the national prevalence, in order to identify where action is most needed. Methods: Cross-sectional study with non-random sampling. Participants consisted of samples from general population categorised as non-high-risk group, and prisoners, sex workers and drug users categorised as high-risk group. Depression screening was done using MINI-ICD10 self-rated depression questionnaire. Correlation between screening results and demographic data was analysed using chi-square test. Results: Positive depression screening was significantly associated with grouping and educational background. High-risk group and participants with lower education background had significantly higher number of positive screening. Significantly higher proportion of participants in the high-risk group experience eight of the ten depression symptoms regardless of screening results. Higher proportion of depression positive male participants experienced suicidal/self-harm symptom. Limitations: This study used non-random sampling method, therefore the results may not fully represent the general population. The screening instrument used did not account for depression and symptoms severity. Conclusion: High-risk group with low educational background is in most urgent need of mental health help, and suicide prevention strategy is most needed for men.
Organization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation services for COVID-19
Authors: Leow Lowell , Papadimas Evangelos , Subbian Senthil K , MacLaren Graeme , Ramanathan Kollengode 
Published: October 2020

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been used for COVID-19 patients with refractory hypoxemia. Methods We share our institution’s experience in organizing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation services in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also share our first COVID-19 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation case report. Results We encountered initial difficulties in providing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation services in Singapore in view of the considerations of managing COVID-19 patients. By adopting rigorous planning, patient selection, staff training, adhering to infection control measures and preparing transport essentials, we were able to reorganize the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation services to serve the nation’s needs. This culminated in our first successful COVID-19 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation retrieval case. Conclusions Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an option for COVID-19 patients but preparation must be taken to prepare the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation teams to deal with this pandemic and future challenges.
Performance evaluation and acceptability of point-of-care Trichomonas vaginalis testing in adult female emergency department patients
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Lewis Mitra K , Viertel Valentina G , Myer Deanna , Rothman Richard E , Gaydos Charlotte A 
Published: October 2020

We evaluated the accuracy and perception of a patient self-administered, tablet-facilitated rapid Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) point-of-care (POC) test in adult female emergency department (ED) patients. ED patients undergoing gynecologic examination were eligible. Each consented participant self-collected a vaginal swab, performed a tablet-facilitated TV rapid test using the OSOM® Trichomonas Rapid Test, and completed pre- and post-test self-surveys. After the self-test, the clinician collected one standard-of-care (SOC) vaginal swab for wet-mount testing and two for research. The research coordinator performed the TV rapid test using the clinician-collected swab, and reported the results to the clinician and patient. If the self- and coordinator-performed results were discordant, a TV nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was performed in a clinical laboratory. A survey was later administered to providers to assess their perceptions of the utility of the POC TV test. Of the 136 participants, 134 (98.5%) completed self-testing; two had invalid results. Comparing coordinator-performed TV rapid test adjudicated with NAAT, the sensitivity and specificity of self-administered test was 96.0% and 100%, respectively. The wet mount had a sensitivity of 52.0% and specificity of 100%. TV detection increased from 9.6% with wet mount to 18.4% with the TV rapid test. Most women (82.0%) stated self-testing was “not at all hard” (versus 66.2% before testing, p < 0.001). Clinicians indicated the TV rapid test affected their clinical management in 48.5% of cases, including 82.6% of positive cases and 41.6% of negative cases. ED patients were able to reliably collect, perform, and interpret their own POC TV test using tablet instructions. Both participants and providers reported high levels of acceptability of POC TV testing, which nearly doubled rates of TV detection.