bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled feasibility trial of E-health application supported care vs usual care after exacerbation of COPD: the RESCUE trial
Authors: North Mal , Bourne Simon , Green Ben , Chauhan Anoop J. , Brown Tom , Winter Jonathan , Jones Tom , Neville Dan , Blythin Alison , Watson Alastair , Johnson Matthew , Culliford David , Elkes Jack , Cornelius Victoria , Wilkinson Tom M. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExacerbations of COPD are one of the commonest causes of admission and readmission to hospital. The role of digital interventions to support self-management in improving outcomes is uncertain. We conducted an open, randomised controlled trial of a digital health platform application (app) in 41 COPD patients recruited following hospital admission with an acute exacerbation. Subjects were randomised to either receive usual care, including a written self-management plan (n = 21), or the myCOPD app (n = 20) for 90 days. The primary efficacy outcome was recovery rate of symptoms measured by COPD assessment test (CAT) score. Exacerbations, readmission, inhaler technique quality of life and patient activation (PAM) scores were also captured by a blinded team. The app was acceptable in this care setting and was used by 17 of the 20 patients with sustained use over the study period. The treatment effect on the CAT score was 4.49 (95% CI: −8.41, −0.58) points lower in the myCOPD arm. Patients’ inhaler technique improved in the digital intervention arm (101 improving to 20 critical errors) compared to usual care (100 to 72 critical errors). Exacerbations tended to be less frequent in the digital arm compared to usual care; 18 vs 34 events. Hospital readmissions risk was numerically lower in the digital intervention arm: OR for readmission 0.383 (95% CI: 0.074, 1.987; n = 35). In this feasibility study of the digital self-management platform myCOPD, the app has proven acceptable to patients to use and use has improved exacerbation recovery rates, with strong signals of lower re-exacerbation and readmission rates over 90 days. myCOPD reduced the number of critical errors in inhaler technique compared to usual care with written self-management. This provides a strong basis for further exploration of the use of app interventions in the context of recently hospitalised patients with COPD and informs the potential design of a large multi-centre trial.
Deep learning from “passive feeding” to “selective eating” of real-world data
Authors: Li Zhongwen , Guo Chong , Nie Danyao , Lin Duoru , Zhu Yi , Chen Chuan , Zhao Lanqin , Wu Xiaohang , Dongye Meimei , Xu Fabao , Jin Chenjin , Zhang Ping , Han Yu , Yan Pisong , Lin Haotian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) based on deep learning has shown excellent diagnostic performance in detecting various diseases with good-quality clinical images. Recently, AI diagnostic systems developed from ultra-widefield fundus (UWF) images have become popular standard-of-care tools in screening for ocular fundus diseases. However, in real-world settings, these systems must base their diagnoses on images with uncontrolled quality (“passive feeding”), leading to uncertainty about their performance. Here, using 40,562 UWF images, we develop a deep learning–based image filtering system (DLIFS) for detecting and filtering out poor-quality images in an automated fashion such that only good-quality images are transferred to the subsequent AI diagnostic system (“selective eating”). In three independent datasets from different clinical institutions, the DLIFS performed well with sensitivities of 96.9%, 95.6% and 96.6%, and specificities of 96.6%, 97.9% and 98.8%, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the application of our DLIFS significantly improves the performance of established AI diagnostic systems in real-world settings. Our work demonstrates that “selective eating” of real-world data is necessary and needs to be considered in the development of image-based AI systems.
Machine learning enables improved runtime and precision for bio-loggers on seabirds
Authors: Korpela Joseph , Suzuki Hirokazu , Matsumoto Sakiko , Mizutani Yuichi , Samejima Masaki , Maekawa Takuya , Nakai Junichi , Yoda Ken 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnravelling the secrets of wild animals is one of the biggest challenges in ecology, with bio-logging (i.e., the use of animal-borne loggers or bio-loggers) playing a pivotal role in tackling this challenge. Bio-logging allows us to observe many aspects of animals’ lives, including their behaviours, physiology, social interactions, and external environment. However, bio-loggers have short runtimes when collecting data from resource-intensive (high-cost) sensors. This study proposes using AI on board video-loggers in order to use low-cost sensors (e.g., accelerometers) to automatically detect and record complex target behaviours that are of interest, reserving their devices’ limited resources for just those moments. We demonstrate our method on bio-loggers attached to seabirds including gulls and shearwaters, where it captured target videos with 15 times the precision of a baseline periodic-sampling method. Our work will provide motivation for more widespread adoption of AI in bio-loggers, helping us to shed light onto until now hidden aspects of animals’ lives.
Low‐local‐oscillator‐power sub‐harmonic mixing in 300‐GHz band by Fermi‐level managed barrier diode
Authors: Ito H. , Ishibashi T. 
Published: October 2020

An anti‐parallel (AP) diode pair based on a Fermi‐level managed barrier (FMB) diode was developed for the sub‐harmonic mixing of terahertz waves. A quasi‐optical module integrating an AP–FMB diode pair and a trans‐impedance amplifier exhibited a very low noise‐equivalent‐power of 9 × 10−19 W/Hz at an input signal frequency of 304 GHz with a very low local oscillator power of 30 μW.
Simple halo model formalism for the cosmic infrared background and its correlation with the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect
Authors: Maniyar A. , Béthermin M. , Lagache G. 
Published: October 2020

Modelling the anisotropies in the cosmic infrared background (CIB) on all the scales is a challenging task because the nature of the galaxy evolution is complex and too many parameters are therefore often required to fit the observational data. We present a new halo model for the anisotropies of the CIB using only four parameters. Our model connects the mass accretion on the dark matter haloes to the star formation rate. Despite its relative simplicity, it is able to fit both the Planck and Herschel CIB power spectra and is consistent with the external constraints for the obscured star formation history derived from infrared deep surveys used as priors for the fit. Using this model, we find that the halo mass with the maximum efficiency for converting the accreted baryons into stars is log10Mmax = 12.94-0.02+0.02 M⊙, consistent with other studies. Accounting for the mass loss through stellar evolution, we find for an intermediate-age galaxy that the star formation efficiency defined as M⋆(z)/Mb(z) is equal to 0.19 and 0.21 at redshift 0.1 and 2, respectively, which agrees well with the values obtained by previous studies. A CIB model is used for the first time to simultaneously fit Planck and Herschel CIB power spectra. The high angular resolution of Herschel allows us to reach very small scales, making it possible to constrain the shot noise and the one-halo term separately, which is difficult to do using the Planck data alone. However, we find that large angular scale Planck and Herschel data are not fully compatible with the small-scale Herschel data (for ℓ >  3000). The CIB is expected to be correlated with the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) signal of galaxy clusters. Using this halo model for the CIB and a halo model for the tSZ with a single parameter, we also provide a consistent framework for calculating the CIB × tSZ cross correlation, which requires no additional parameter. To a certain extent, the CIB at high frequencies traces galaxies at low redshifts that reside in the clusters contributing to the tSZ, giving rise to the one-halo term of this correlation, while the two-halo term comes from the overlap in the redshift distribution of the tSZ clusters and CIB galaxies. The CIB × tSZ correlation is thus found to be higher when inferred with a combination of two widely spaced frequency channels (e.g. 143 × 857 GHz). We also find that even at ℓ ∼ 2000, the two-halo term of this correlation is still comparable to the one-halo term and has to be accounted for in the total cross-correlation. The CIB, tSZ, and CIB × tSZ act as foregrounds when the kinematic SZ (kSZ) power spectrum is measured from the cosmic microwave background power spectrum and need to be removed. Because of its simplistic nature and the low number of parameters, the halo model formalism presented here for these foregrounds is quite useful for such an analysis to measure the kSZ power spectrum accurately.
An observational correlation between magnetic field, angular momentum and fragmentation in the envelopes of Class 0 protostars?
Authors: Galametz Maud , Maury Anaëlle , Girart Josep M. , Rao Ramprasad , Zhang Qizhou , Gaudel Mathilde , Valdivia Valeska , Hennebelle Patrick , Cabedo-Soto Victoria , Keto Eric , Lai Shih-Ping 
Published: October 2020

Aims. The main goal of the following analysis is to assess the potential role of magnetic fields in regulating the envelope rotation, the formation of disks and the fragmentation of Class 0 protostars in multiple systems.
Methods. We use the Submillimeter Array to carry out observations of the dust polarized emission at 0.87 mm, in the envelopes of a large sample of 20 Class 0 protostars. We estimate the mean magnetic field orientation over the central 1000 au envelope scales to characterize the orientation of the main component of the organized magnetic field at the envelope scales in these embedded protostars. This direction is compared to that of the protostellar outflow in order to study the relation between their misalignment and the kinematics of the circumstellar gas. The latter is traced via velocity gradient observed in the molecular line emission (mainly N2H+) of the gas at intermediate envelope scales.
Results. We discover a strong relationship between the misalignment of the magnetic field orientation with the outflow and the amount of angular momentum observed at similar scales in the protostellar envelope, revealing a potential link between the kinetic and the magnetic energy at envelope scales. The relation could be driven by favored B-misalignments in more dynamical envelopes or a dependence of the envelope dynamics with the large-scale B initial configuration. Comparing the trend with the presence of fragmentation, we observe that single sources are mostly associated with conditions of low angular momentum in the inner envelope and good alignment of the magnetic field with protostellar outflows, at intermediate scales. Our results suggest that the properties of the magnetic field in protostellar envelopes bear a tight relationship with the rotating-infalling gas directly involved in the star and disk formation: we find that it may not only influence the fragmentation of protostellar cores into multiple stellar systems, but also set the conditions establishing the pristine properties of planet-forming disks.
Salivary gland function in women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis without xerostomia and the correlation with auto-thyroid antibodies
Authors: Pang Xiao-an , Wei Zhi-xiao , Li Jun-hong , Pang Xiao-qi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) may cause salivary dysfunction in patients resulting in xerostomia, but little is known about changes in salivary function in patients with no obvious dry mouth symptoms. In this study we assessed salivary function in women with HT, who had not experienced xerostomia and, for the first time, evaluated the effects of thyroid auto-antibodies on this function.

Methods Sixty consecutive subjects were included, comprising 32 women (mean age, 36 ± 12 years) diagnosed with HT accompanied by differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in the study group (HT group), along with a control group (DTC group) of 28 women (mean age, 40 ± 12 years) diagnosed with DTC only. Salivary gland scintigraphy was used to assess salivary function with the semi-quantitative parameters of maximum absorption ratio and maximum secretion ratio, the decrease of which indicate impaired salivary function. Moreover, the HT and DTC groups were divided into four subgroups (Anti– HT, Anti+ HT, Anti– DTC, and Anti+ DTC), based on the presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Finally, salivary gland semi-quantitative parameters were correlated with levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), TGAb, and TPOAb in the HT and DTC groups.
Results None of the semi-quantitative parameters examined in parotid or submandibular glands differed significantly between the HT and DTC groups. However, the maximum secretion ratio for the parotid and submandibular glands were significantly different in the subgroup comparison (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TgAb, TPOAb, and TSH values correlated significantly with salivary excretive function (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion Women with HT without xerostomia may not have salivary functional impairment during hypothyroidism. Serum thyroid autoantibody and TSH levels may mainly influence salivary excretive function but not uptake function.
Metabolomics Study of Whole-body Vibration on Lipid Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle in Aging Mice
Authors: Jiang Dingwen , Liu Chang , Chen Ye , Xing Xuejiao , Zheng Danmeng , Guo Zhanpeng , Lin Sen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAgeing increases the occurrence and development of many diseases. Exercise is believed to be an effective way to improve ageing and skeletal muscle atrophy. However, many elderly people are unable to engage in active exercise. Whole-body vibration is a passive way of moving that is especially suitable for the elderly and people who find it inconvenient to exercise. Metabolomics is the systematic study of metabolic changes in small molecules. In this study, metabolomics studies were performed to investigate the regulatory effect of whole-body vibration on the skeletal muscles of ageing mice. After 12 weeks, we found that whole-body vibration had the most obvious effect on lipid metabolism pathways (such as linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways) in skeletal muscle of ageing mice. Through further research we found that whole-body vibration decreased the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein in blood; decreased the lipid deposition in skeletal muscle; decreased the protein expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6; improved the protein levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphate phosphoinositide 3-kinase and p-AKT; improved the protein levels of klotho; and decreased the protein expression of p53. These findings reveal that whole-body vibration might postpone senility by attenuating lipid deposition and reducing chronic inflammation and the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle.
Tratamento de lesões condrais no joelho com condrócitos autólogos embebidos em arcabouço de fibrina. Avaliação clínica e funcional
Authors: Alvarez-Lozano Eduardo , Martinez-Rodriguez Herminia , Forriol Francisco 
Published: October 2020

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo do nosso estudo é analisar os resultados clínicos e funcionais do tratamento de lesões nas articulações do joelho com condrócitos autólogos embebidos em arcabouço de fibrina.
Métodos O estudo foi realizado com 56 pacientes (36 homens e 20 mulheres) com idade média de 36 anos; 6 indivíduos eram atletas profissionais. Os pacientes apresentavam lesões únicas, condrais ou osteocondrais (43 condrais, nove osteocondrais, 2 casos de osteocondrite dissecante e duas fraturas osteocondrais) no joelho, com 2 a 10 cm2 de tamanho e ≤ 10 mm de profundidade, sem sinais de osteoartrite. As lesões estavam localizadas na patela (8), no côndilo femoral medial (40), no côndilo femoral lateral (7) e na tróclea (1). O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 3 anos (faixa de 1–6 anos). A evolução clínica foi avaliada pelos escores de Cincinnati e Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome (KOOS), 6 e 12 meses após a cirurgia. O teste t de Student pareado foi utilizado para comparação dos achados pré e pós-operatórios.
Resultados Os pacientes retomaram suas atividades diárias 6 meses após o implante. Os escores avaliados demonstraram a melhora em comparação ao estado pré-cirúrgico (p < 0,05). Além disso, os pacientes conseguiram realizar suas atividades esportivas com mais facilidade do que antes da cirurgia (p < 0,05).
Conclusão A cultura de condrócitos em fibrina pode proporcionar um microambiente favorável para a síntese de matriz extracelular e melhorar a condição clínica e a atividade dos pacientes 1 ano após a cirurgia
The Use of Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Patients with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia
Authors: Poon Man-Chiu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlatelet transfusion is the standard treatment to control or prevent bleeding in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT), but platelets are often unavailable. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is an effective alternative to platelets in patients with GT with past/present refractoriness to platelet transfusions and antibodies to platelets. However, there is an unmet need for an alternative to platelets in patients without antibodies. This report summarizes evidence of efficacy and safety of rFVIIa in patients with GT without refractoriness or antibodies to platelets from three different sources: the Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Registry (GTR), published literature (January 01, 1999 to December 01, 2017), and the Novo Nordisk safety surveillance database. In the GTR, 133 patients received rFVIIa for the treatment of 333 bleeding episodes and prevention of bleeding in 157 surgical procedures. Overall efficacy rates were 79 and 88%, respectively, in patients treated for bleeding episodes or for the prevention of bleeding during surgery; effectiveness was generally similar across refractoriness/antibody status categories. Median dose per infusion of rFVIIa was close to that recommended for patients with GT (90 µg/kg). Data from 14 published case reports also demonstrated that rFVIIa is effective with an acceptable safety profile in patients with GT without antibodies to platelets. Analysis of adverse events reported in GTR and in Novo Nordisk safety surveillance database did not raise any new safety concerns. These data supported the label extension of rFVIIa to include cases where platelets are not readily available, which was approved by the European Medicines Agency in December 2018.
Evaluation of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Septic Shock
Authors: Jhang Won Kyoung , Park Seong Jong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Coagulopathy is a common serious complication of sepsis and septic shock; thus, its early detection and prompt management are important. For this purpose, recently the sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) score was proposed.
Methods We modified the SIC score for critically ill children with septic shock and evaluated its performance in comparison to several coagulopathy diagnostic scoring systems.
Results Among 135 included patients, a significant number of patients were diagnosed with coagulopathy using different coagulopathy diagnostic criteria (up to 84.4% using the SIC score). The modified SIC score, comprising the pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) score, prothrombin time, and D-dimer, was used to diagnose SIC in 68 (50.4%) patients. It was well correlated with the pSOFA score and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score, as well as the SIC score (p < 0.001). The overall 28-day mortality rate was 18.7%. Patients with coagulopathy had worse clinical outcomes compared to those without coagulopathy. The modified SIC score was identified as an independent prognostic factor for 28-day mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for performance of the modified SIC score to predict 28-day mortality evaluated was 0.771 (95% confidence interval: 0.658–0.883), better than those of the SIC and ISTH DIC scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Critically ill pediatric patients with septic shock frequently had concomitant coagulopathy. The modified SIC score showed good ability to predict 28-day mortality, suggesting its potential as a prognostic factor in these critically ill pediatric patients.
Imagining the nation in British politics
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In European politics today, the issues of
nationalism and populism are attracting considerable research
attention. However, most discourse studies have either focused
exclusively on far-right politics, or have looked at populism at
both extremes of the political spectrum. In this chapter, I approach
the discursive representation of the nation and the people from an
exploratory, comparative perspective informed by corpus assisted
discourse studies, drawing on mixed methodology, and focusing on the
politics of Great Britain. My corpus contains six 2017 election
manifestos: Conservative, Labour, Liberal Democrats, UKIP, Scottish
National Party, and Plaid Cymru. Principled searches are conducted
for references to nations, national groups and people/citizens,
which are then analysed qualitatively in a contrastive
perspective.
Politics beyond death?
Authors: Heynderickx Priscilla , Dieltjens Sylvain 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Obituaries constitute interesting research
material. Amongst other functions, they indicate how a society copes
with death and the fear of dying. Obituaries reflect which personal
and professional qualities the members of a particular culture or
group in society consider important or relevant enough to be
remembered in texts celebrating a deceased person. In this paper, we
present the results of a bottom-up discourse analysis of the
obituaries of one hundred Belgian politicians. The material
comprises both obituaries published in the media and obituaries
issued by the political party the deceased politician represented.
On a content level, we focus on two aspects: the qualities mentioned
and the presence of political orientation in the description of the
deceased. On a linguistic level, we determine whether the metaphors
used are politically inspired. The analysis carried out demonstrates
that the obituaries of political figures – in which the political
discourse and the discourse about the personal qualities of the
deceased coexist – often turn into political propaganda.
Cyberbullying and gender
Authors: García-Gómez Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Over the last two decades, there is a growing
body of feminist studies that discusses both the psychological and
social benefits and the negative effects of social media use among
teenagers. Using threads taken from Twitter, understood as a blend
of social media, blogging, and texting, the present study aims to
explore, from a gender-based approach, the discursive strategies and
self-presentation strategies both male and female teenagers deploy
and the impressions that they exhibit when they verbally abuse and
victimise others in their own threads or somebody else’s. The study
of male and female interpersonal socially deviant practices on
Twitter not only provides a number of preliminary answers to why
gender matters in the study of cyberbullying, but also casts light
on a gender-sensitive construction of the used gendered strategies
in verbal cyberbullying. Furthermore, the study makes it possible to
address essential linkages between the micro-level (i.e., the
individual) and the macro-level (i.e., the social action in this
public sphere).