bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and practices regarding antibiotics use
Authors: Bianco Aida , Licata Francesca , Zucco Rossella , Papadopoli Rosa , Pavia Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and objectives
This study aimed to assess the knowledge on antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the antibiotic use among the general public in Southern Italy and to analyze whether sociodemographic characteristics could be associated with poor knowledge and improper practices.

Methodology
From March to November 2019, a face-to-face interview was conducted with adult subjects attending the waiting room of 27 randomly selected general practitioners (GPs) in Southern Italy. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge on antibiotics and AMR and practices regarding the consumption of and self-medication with antibiotics.

Results
The response rate was 89.7%. In the sample, 29.2% thought that antibiotics are effective for viral infections, and 49.5% correctly recognized the definition of AMR. Predictors of good knowledge about antibiotics and AMR were female gender and a higher education level. Almost half of the respondents had used antibiotics in the previous year and 23.6% took antibiotics to treat a common cold and/or fever. Among participants, 25.5% reported to have bought antibiotics without a prescription, and 30.6% were classified as antibiotic self-medication users. Use of antibiotics in the previous 12 months and having taken an antibiotic after a phone consultation with the GP were positively associated with both antibiotic use for a common cold and/or fever and self-medication with antibiotics.

Conclusions and implications
The findings of this study highlighted a considerable antibiotic consumption in the adult population of Southern Italy together with misconceptions regarding the correct indication for antibiotic use that could foster indiscriminate antibiotic use.

Lay Summary
The findings of this study highlighted a considerable antibiotic consumption in the adult Italian population together with misconceptions regarding the correct indication for antibiotic use that could foster indiscriminate antibiotic use. Almost a quarter of the respondents took antibiotics to treat a common cold and/or fever and reported to have bought antibiotics without a prescription.
Culturable diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with medicinal plants of the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Webster Gordon , Mullins Alex J , Cunningham-Oakes Edward , Renganathan Arun , Aswathanarayan Jamuna Bai , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar , Vittal Ravishankar Rai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bacterial endophytes are found in the internal tissues of plants and have intimate associations with their host. However, little is known about the diversity of medicinal plant endophytes (ME) or their capability to produce specialised metabolites that may contribute to therapeutic properties. We isolated 75 bacterial ME from 24 plant species of the Western Ghats, India. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing grouped MEs into 13 bacterial genera, with members of Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes being the most abundant. To improve taxonomic identification, 26 selected ME were genome sequenced and average nucleotide identity (ANI) used to identify them to the species-level. This identified multiple species in the most common genus as Bacillus. Similarly, identity of the Enterobacterales was also distinguished within Enterobacter and Serratia by ANI and core-gene analysis. AntiSMASH identified non-ribosomal peptide synthase, lantipeptide and bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) as the most common BGCs found in the ME genomes. Five of the ME isolates belonging to Bacillus, Serratia and Enterobacter showed antimicrobial activity against the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum. Using molecular and genomic approaches we have characterised a unique collection of endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants. Their genomes encode multiple specialised metabolite gene clusters and the collection can now be screened for novel bioactive and medicinal metabolites.
Moments of Possibility: Holocaust Postmemory, Subjunctivity and Futurity in Katja Petrowskaja’s Vielleicht Esther (2014) and Robert Menasse’s Die Hauptstadt (2017)
Authors: Roca Lizarazu Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article examines subjunctive approaches to history and memory as a novel aesthetic and ethical mode of Holocaust (post-)memory in two prominent examples of contemporary German-Jewish fiction. I argue that Katja Petrowskaja’s Vielleicht Esther (2014) and Robert Menasse’s Die Hauptstadt (2017) develop subjunctive modes of Holocaust (post-)memory as a response to a crisis of witnessing in the post-survivor era. Faced with the dying out of the survivor generation and the increasing institutionalization and hypermediation of Holocaust memories, these two authors invoke the subjunctive to self-reflexively account for their historical positionality and critique monolithic memory discourses (Petrowskaja), while also aiming to (re-)invest a stagnant culture of Holocaust memory with political urgency and futurity (Menasse). Subjunctivity thus emerges as a central yet underexamined mode of contemporary German-Jewish writing which has the potential to transform wider cultures of Holocaust (post-)memory, by moving ‘beyond the traumatic’ (Rigney 2018) in the direction of futurity.
Higher-order discontinuous Galerkin time discretizations for the evolutionary Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Matthies Gunar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Discontinuous Galerkin methods of higher order are applied as temporal discretizations for the transient Navier–Stokes equations. The spatial discretization based on inf–sup stable pairs of finite element spaces is stabilized using a one-level local projection stabilization method. Optimal error bounds for the velocity with constants independent of the viscosity parameter are obtained for both the semidiscrete case and the fully discrete case. Numerical results support the theoretical predictions.
Accumulation of integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mutations confers high-level resistance to dolutegravir in non-B subtype HIV-1 strains from patients failing raltegravir in Uganda
Authors: Ndashimye Emmanuel , Avino Mariano , Olabode Abayomi S , Poon Art F Y , Gibson Richard M , Li Yue , Meadows Adam , Tan Christine , Reyes Paul S , Kityo Cissy M , Kyeyune Fred , Nankya Immaculate , Quiñones-Mateu Miguel E , Arts Eric J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Increasing first-line treatment failures in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have led to increased use of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) such as dolutegravir. However, HIV-1 susceptibility to INSTIs in LMICs, especially with previous raltegravir exposure, is poorly understood due to infrequent reporting of INSTI failures and testing for INSTI drug resistance mutations (DRMs).

Methods
A total of 51 non-subtype B HIV-1 infected patients failing third-line (raltegravir-based) therapy in Uganda were initially selected for the study. DRMs were detected using Sanger and deep sequencing. HIV integrase genes of 13 patients were cloned and replication capacities (RCs) and phenotypic susceptibilities to dolutegravir, raltegravir and elvitegravir were determined with TZM-bl cells. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine cross-resistance between INSTIs.

Results
INSTI DRMs were detected in 47% of patients. HIV integrase-recombinant virus carrying one primary INSTI DRM (N155H or Y143R/S) was susceptible to dolutegravir but highly resistant to raltegravir and elvitegravir (&gt;50-fold change). Two patients, one with E138A/G140A/Q148R/G163R and one with E138K/G140A/S147G/Q148K, displayed the highest reported resistance to raltegravir, elvitegravir and even dolutegravir. The former multi-DRM virus had WT RC whereas the latter had lower RCs than WT.

Conclusions
In HIV-1 subtype A- and D-infected patients failing raltegravir and harbouring INSTI DRMs, there is high-level resistance to elvitegravir and raltegravir. More routine monitoring of INSTI treatment may be advised in LMICs, considering that multiple INSTI DRMs may have accumulated during prolonged exposure to raltegravir during virological failure, leading to high-level INSTI resistance, including dolutegravir resistance.
Electronic health record–based disease surveillance systems: A systematic literature review on challenges and solutions
Authors: Aliabadi Ali , Sheikhtaheri Abbas , Ansari Hossein 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Disease surveillance systems are expanding using electronic health records (EHRs). However, there are many challenges in this regard. In the present study, the solutions and challenges of implementing EHR-based disease surveillance systems (EHR-DS) have been reviewed.

Materials and Methods
We searched the related keywords in ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. Then, we assessed and selected articles using the inclusion and exclusion criteria and, finally, classified the identified solutions and challenges.

Results
Finally, 50 studies were included, and 52 unique solutions and 47 challenges were organized into 6 main themes (policy and regulatory, technical, management, standardization, financial, and data quality). The results indicate that due to the multifaceted nature of the challenges, the implementation of EHR-DS is not low cost and easy to implement and requires a variety of interventions. On the one hand, the most common challenges include the need to invest significant time and resources; the poor data quality in EHRs; difficulty in analyzing, cleaning, and accessing unstructured data; data privacy and security; and the lack of interoperability standards. On the other hand, the most common solutions are the use of natural language processing and machine learning algorithms for unstructured data; the use of appropriate technical solutions for data retrieval, extraction, identification, and visualization; the collaboration of health and clinical departments to access data; standardizing EHR content for public health; and using a unique health identifier for individuals.

Conclusions
EHR systems have an important role in modernizing disease surveillance systems. However, there are many problems and challenges facing the development and implementation of EHR-DS that need to be appropriately addressed.
The influence of dynamic changes in lipid metabolism on survival outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Xingming , Zhang Haoran , Dai Jindong , Liu Zhenhua , Zhu Xudong , Ni Yuchao , Yin Xiaoxue , Sun Guangxi , Zhu Sha , Chen Junru , Zhao Jinge , Wang Jia , Zeng Hao , Shen Pengfei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The role of lipid metabolic status in tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is insufficient.

Objective
To analyse the influence of dynamic changes of lipid metabolism on survival outcomes in tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Patients and methods
Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were collected, both before tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy and at different time points of tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment duration. Other clinicopathological and survival data were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical outcomes, including tumour response, progression-free survival and overall survival, were analysed. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were plotted and the log-rank test was used to analyse statistical significance.

Results
A total of 127 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, initially treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first-line systemic therapy, were included. In the whole cohort, the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fluctuated but gradually increased during tyrosine kinase inhibitors treatment. In survival analysis, the higher serum level of lipid metabolism, the longer progression-free survival was observed. In terms of overall survival, all post-treatment lipid metabolism, including the percentages of increasing change, were correlated with better survival. Further multivariate analysis showed that patients with five components of treatment-related dysfunction of lipid metabolism had superior survival to those with less than five components. However, lipid metabolism was not correlated with tumour response.

Conclusion
Increasing parameters of lipid metabolism indicated improvement of survival in tyrosine kinase inhibitors-treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma, especially the increasing percentages.
A prospective cohort study on the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in Japanese patients with relapsed ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer
Authors: Nanki Yoshiko , Nomura Hiroyuki , Iwasa Naomi , Saotome Keiko , Dozen Ai , Yoshihama Tomoko , Hirano Takuro , Hashimoto Shiho , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Yamagami Wataru , Kataoka Fumio , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
this prospective cohort study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in Japanese patients with relapsed ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer.

Methods
in this study, 40 Japanese patients with relapsed ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer selected to receive bevacizumab with chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients in poor general condition were excluded. Each patient was monitored prospectively for adverse events, administration status, disease status and survival. Treatment was continued until intolerable adverse events or disease progression. The primary endpoint was safety.

Results
bevacizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy was performed for 30 patients (median cycle; 16.5), while bevacizumab plus non-platinum chemotherapy was performed for 10 patients (median cycle; 5.5). Among bevacizumab-related adverse events, hypertension occurred in 80% of patients, proteinuria in 83%, mucositis in 25%, bleeding in 20%, thromboembolic events in 5.0% and fistula in 2.5%. Gastrointestinal perforation or other life-threatening lethal adverse events were not observed. Response rate and median progression-free survival were 73% and 19.3 months for patients with bevacizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy, and 30% and 3.9 months for patients with bevacizumab plus non-platinum chemotherapy, respectively. There was no correlation between response rate and occurrence of adverse events such as hypertension or proteinuria.

Conclusion
bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy was tolerable and effective for Japanese patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer or primary peritoneal cancer. Hypertension and proteinuria are frequently occurred and managed properly for continuing treatment.
EGFR-TKI Plus Anti-Angiogenic Drugs in EGFR-Mutated Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Conforti Fabio , Pala Laura , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Specchia Claudia , Oriecuia Chiara , Marra Antonio , Zagami Paola , Morganti Stefania , Tarantino Paolo , Catania Chiara , De Marinis Filippo , Queirolo Paola , De Pas Tommaso 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Results of several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing the combination of an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus an anti-angiogenic drug in advanced EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer were reported.

Methods
We first report a systematic review and meta-analysis of all RCTs to estimate effectiveness and toxicity of this new therapeutic approach compared with first-generation EGFR-TKI monotherapy. Subsequently, we present a network meta-analysis comparing the combination of an EGFR-TKI plus an anti-angiogenic drug with 2 new treatment options: combination of an EGFR-TKI plus chemotherapy or new EGFR-TKIs of second or third generation as monotherapy.

Results
Five RCTs were included in the first meta-analysis. The progression-free survival (PFS) was statistically significantly larger in patients treated with an EGFR-TKI plus an anti-angiogenic drug compared with EGFR-TKI monotherapy: the pooled PFS–hazard ratio (HR) was 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51 to 0.69). The pooled median-PFS was 17.8 months (95% CI = 16.5 to 19.3 months) for the combination vs 11.7 months (95% CI = 11.1 to 12.7 months) for EGFR-TKI as monotherapy. No statistically significant differences between the 2 treatment arms were observed in overall survival or objective response rate. The rate of grade equal or higher than 3 adverse events was statistically significantly higher in patients treated with EGFR-TKI plus an anti-angiogenic drug: the pooled-relative risk was 1.72 (95% CI = 1.43 to 2.06). Ten RCTs were included in the network meta-analysis. All 3 experimental treatments were associated with a statistically significant improvement in PFS compared with first-generation EGFR-TKIs. When compared to each other, none of the 3 experimental treatments were statistically significantly associated with larger PFS or lower rate of grade 3 or higher adverse events.

Conclusion
Patients with EGFR-mutated non small-cell lung cancer derived clinically meaningful larger PFS benefit from the addition of an anti-angiogenic drug to a first-generation EGFR-TKI at the cost of an increase of toxicities.
Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars – I. Development of the method and application to AI Phoenicis
Authors: Miller N J , Maxted P F L , Smalley B 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Stars with accurate and precise effective temperature (Teff) measurements are needed to test stellar atmosphere models and calibrate empirical methods to determine Teff. There are few standard stars currently available to calibrate temperature indicators for dwarf stars. Gaia parallaxes now make it possible, in principle, to measure Teff for many dwarf stars in eclipsing binaries. We aim to develop a method that uses high-precision measurements of detached eclipsing binary stars, Gaia parallaxes, and multiwavelength photometry to obtain accurate and precise fundamental effective temperatures that can be used to establish a set of benchmark stars. We select the well-studied binary AI Phoenicis to test our method, since it has very precise absolute parameters and extensive archival photometry. The method uses the stellar radii and parallax for stars in eclipsing binaries. We use a Bayesian approach to obtain the integrated bolometric fluxes for the two stars from observed magnitudes, colours, and flux ratios. The fundamental effective temperature of two stars in AI Phoenicis are 6199 ± 22 K for the F7 V component and 5094 ± 16 K for the K0 IV component. The zero-point error in the flux scale leads to a systematic error of only 0.2 per cent (≈ 11 K) in Teff. We find that these results are robust against the details of the analysis, such as the choice of model spectra. Our method can be applied to eclipsing binary stars with radius, parallax, and photometric measurements across a range of wavelengths. Stars with fundamental effective temperatures determined with this method can be used as benchmarks in future surveys.
Srag Regulates Autophagy via Integrating into a Preexisting Autophagy Pathway in Testis
Authors: Cheng Yibin , Lai Fengling , Wang Xin , Shang Dantong , Zou Juan , Luo Majing , Xia Xizhong , Cheng Hanhua , Zhou Rongjia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpermatogenesis is an essential process for producing sperm cells. Reproductive strategy is successfully evolved for a species to adapt to a certain ecological system. However, roles of newly evolved genes in testis autophagy remain unclear. In this study, we found that a newly evolved gene srag (Sox9-regulated autophagy gene) plays an important role in promoting autophagy in testis in the lineage of the teleost Monopterus albus. The gene integrated into an interaction network through a two-way strategy of evolution, via Sox9-binding in its promoter and interaction with Becn1 in the coding region. Its promoter region evolved a cis element for binding of Sox9, a transcription factor for male sex determination. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that transcription factor Sox9 could bind to and activate the srag promoter. Its coding region acquired ability to interact with key autophagy initiation factor Becn1 via the conserved C-terminal, indicating that srag integrated into preexisting autophagy network. Moreover, we determined that Srag enhanced autophagy by interacting with Becn1. Notably, srag transgenic zebrafish revealed that Srag exerted the same function by enhancing autophagy through the Srag–Becn1 pathway. Thus, the new gene srag regulated autophagy in testis by integrated into preexisting autophagy network.
The Topian Tradition
Authors: Ochoa Espejo Paulina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAre there existing resources in the history of political thought to refocus current political relations to the environment? This chapter argues that parallel to the utopian idea of territorial rights, there is a Topian tradition that deals with the topographical and climatic conditions that make different forms of political organization possible. This tradition aims to discover the social qualities needed to sustain different types of governments, and how climate, topography, and local economy influence these traits. The tradition is characterized by its localism, context-sensitivity of principles, and realism. The chapter examines the arguments of four notable Topian thinkers: Montesquieu, Machiavelli, Rousseau, and Kant. Topian thinking can offer alternative ways of looking at problems of borders and border management that have become impasses in debates about territorial rights.
Immigration
Authors: Ochoa Espejo Paulina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow should liberal democracies treat noncitizens who are already physically present in their territory? This chapter holds that immigrants should get rights because they are here. Immigration scholars fear that this approach leads to the “soft inside, hard outside” view. If presence gives rights to immigrants (soft inside), current members have a strong incentive to keep newcomers out to protect the group’s identity (hard outside). However, when citizenship relies on respecting place-specific duties, it is possible to detach citizens’ rights from group identity. This makes citizenship compatible with wider mobility and even open borders. The chapter argues that anyone present in a territory has a right to stay because their presence is a condition for current citizens to fulfill their duties to third parties, but the state has a limited right to deny entry to those who would not be able to fulfill their place-specific duties when they enter.
What Is Wrong with Border Walls?
Authors: Ochoa Espejo Paulina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter asks what is wrong with fortified borders. Several scholars have argued that states do not use fortified borders to stop illegal crossings; instead, they use them to divert those flows to more dangerous illegal crossing spots. This chapter analyzes this trend, by using the example of the U.S.-Mexico border and subjecting it to a proportionality test. It questions whether flow diversion is a legitimate goal, whether less intrusive alternatives are available, and whether the policy imposes high burdens on rights bearers. The chapter claims that to the extent that the strategy works by harming some people in order to send a threatening message to others, the practice is unjustified. When states rely on harms to send a message, they purposely seek to harm would-be crossers—and this chapter argues that such harm is not proportional to the goods achieved in fortifying the border against civilian crossers.