bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The draft genome of horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus reveals its evolutionary scenario and well-developed innate immunity
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liang Yuan , Yan Qing , Zhang Liang , Chen Dianbao , Ruan Lingwei , Kong Yuan , Shi Hong , Chen Mingliang , Chen Jianming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Horseshoe crabs are ancient marine arthropods with a long evolutionary history extending back approximately 450 million years, which may benefit from their innate immune systems. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying their abilities of distinguishing and defending against invading microbes are still unclear. Results: Here, we describe the 2.06 Gbp genome assembly of Tachypleus tridentatus with 24,222 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative genomics shows that T. tridentatus and the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus have the most orthologues shared among two species, including genes involved in the immune-related JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Divergence time dating results show that the last common ancestor of Asian horseshoe crabs (including T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda ) and L. polyphemus appeared approximately 130 Mya (121-141), and the split of the two Asian horseshoe crabs was dated to approximately 63 Mya (57-69). Hox gene analysis suggests two clusters in both horseshoe crab assemblies. Surprisingly, selective analysis of immune-related gene families revealed the high expansion of conserved pattern recognition receptors. Genes involved in the IMD and JAK-STAT signal transduction pathways also exhibited a certain degree of expansion in both genomes. Intact coagulation cascade-related genes were present in the T. tridentatus genome with a higher number of coagulation factor genes. Moreover, most reported antibacterial peptides have been identified in T. tridentatus with their potentially effective antimicrobial sites. Conclusions: The draft genome of T. tridentatus would would provide important evidence for further clarifying the taxonomy and evolutionary relationship of Chelicerata. The expansion of conserved immune signalling pathway genes, coagulation factors and intact antimicrobial peptides in T. tridentatus constitutes its robust and effective innate immunity for self-defence in marine environments with an enormous number of invading pathogens and may affect the quality of the adaptive properties with regard to complicated marine environments.
miR-147b-modulated expression of vestigial regulates wing development in the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padimiR-147b-modulated expression of vestigial regulates wing development in the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi
Authors: Fan YJ , Li XX , Mohammed Abd Allah A. H. , Liu Y , Gao Xiwu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Most aphids exhibit wing polyphenism in which wingless and winged morphs produce depending on the population density and host plant quality. Although the influence of environmental factors on wing polyphenism of aphids have been extensively investigated, molecular mechanisms underlining morph differentiation (i.e. wing development /degeneration), one downstream aspect of the wing polyphenism , has been poorly understood.
Results: We examined the expression levels of the twenty genes involved in wing development network, and only vestigial (vg ) showed significantly different expression levels in both whole-body and wall-body of third instar nymphs, with 5.4- and 16.14- fold higher expression in winged lines compared to wingless lines, respectively in Rhopalosiphum padi . vg expression was higher in winged lines compared to wingless lines in third, fourth instar nymphs and adults. Larger difference expression was observed in third (21.38-fold) and fourth (20.91-fold) instar nymphs relative to adults (3.12-fold). Suppression of vg using RNAi repressed the wing development of third winged morphs. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that the miR-147 can target the vg mRNA. Modulation of miR-147b levels by microinjection of its agomir (mimic) decreased vg expression levels and repressed wing development.
Conclusions : Our findings suggest that vg is essential for wing development in R. padi and that miR-147b modulates its expression.
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EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRECTION OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS D IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN MOSCOW CITY
Authors: ZAKHAROVA I. N. , SOLOVYEVA E. A. , KLIMOV L. Ya. , VASILYEVA S. V. , TVOROGOVA T. M. , SUGYAN N. G. , RAKHTEENKO A. V. , KURYANINOVA V. A. , PLUDOVSKI P. (PAWEL PLUDOVSKI) 
Published: January 2020

Schoolchildren and their state of health, in particular, deficiencies, deserve no less attention than children of early age, while the recognition of the existence of inadequate vitamin D sufficiency in children of all age groups has not yet led to the introduction of mass prophylaxis for hypovitaminosis D. There are a number of factors determining the concentration of 25(OH)D-calcidiol in the blood. However, it is obvious that among many factors one should focus on several most significant and develop a scheme for correcting deficiency in each region.Purpose: to assess vitamin D sufficiency in adolescents living in Moscow, to correct calcidiol status in adolescents on the basis of baseline concentration of the metabolite transported in the blood. Material and methods: 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years for whom 25(OH)D concentration in the blood was evaluated, then 218 patients were randomized into 2 groups: the study group received tableted dietary supplement Minisun® vitamin D3, the controlgroup received placebo. The dosage of cholecalciferol was defined based on the initial level of calcidiol in patients. The study continued for 6 months, then blood was re-sampled to determine the level of calcidiol.Results: the study found low sufficiency with calcidiol among the schoolchildren: 25(OH)D median was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/ml, only 5.2% of patients had normal concentration of calcidiol in the blood. At the second examination, positively significant differences in the status of vitamin D were observed in the study compared to the control group, while patients in the study group,against a background of cholecalciferol donation, demonstrated 25(OH)D median increase from 16.2 [12.25-19.3] ng/ml to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/ml (p <0.001) .Conclusions: a large proportion of the child population (70.6%) have a concentration of 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml. The doses of cholecalciferol used in the study make it possible to eliminate the deficiency of calcidiol and to overcome the threshold of 20 ng/ml, but in order to normalize vitamin D status in the blood of adolescents living in Moscow, it is necessary to use higher dosages that need to be confirmed by further research.
ULTRASONIC POSSIBILITIES OF DIAGNOSING CHANGES IN KIDNEYS OF CHILDREN WITH ALAGILLE SYNDROME
Authors: PYKOV M. I. , ILIPPOVA E. A. , RYCHKOVA V. E. , DEGTYAREVA, A. V. , PUCHKOVA A. A. 
Published: January 2020

The article shares the results of a follow-up of children with Alagille syndrome in the first year of life and signs of neonatal cholestasis. Diagnostic criteria of ultrasonic kidney changes in children with Alagille syndrome and their relationship with biochemical parameters of blood serum are defined. The authors tell about a new method of ultrasound kidney examination using conventional technique involving a linear high-frequency transducer, which contributes to early diagnosis of the disease
WHAT DO WE UNDERESTIMATE IN THERAPY OF CHILDREN?
Authors: BEKHTEREVA M. K. , IVANOVA V. V. , IOFFE M. Y. 
Published: January 2020

Th article provides data on frequency of acute infectious diseases among children, the attention is focused on the frequently ungrounded choice of the therapeutic tactics with use of antibacterial, antiviral or antihistamine drugs, which leads to intensification of the polypragmasy trend. Authors described in detail the issue of dehydration syndrome development in children in variouspathologic states, reasons of occurrence of this state and ways to correct liquid deficiency with the help of the oral rehydratation
NUTRITION OF A HEALTHY CHILD DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: IS IT ALL EVIDENT AND DO WE KNOW IT ALL?
Authors: ZAKHAROVA I. N. , KHOLODOVA I. N. , BRAGIN A. I. , NECHAEVA V. V. 
Published: January 2020

The authors raise the question of the role of goat milk in the nutrition of infants. The properties of goat milk and its difference from cow milk are discussed. The authors share experience in the prescription of goat milk formula, give examples from their own practice
FUNGAL DISEASE OF THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors: DROBOTKO L. N. , KISELNIKOVA L. P. , SEDOYKIN A. G. , DRONOV I. A. 
Published: January 2020

The problem of oral candidiasis is topical for the adult population and children due to frequent recurrence, the presence of a large number of predisposing factors, lack of compliance with hygienic measures for the care of the oral cavity. The most common causative agent of oral candidiasis is the fungi C. albicans. The article discusses the risk factors for the development of this disease taking into account age-related factors, provides clinical morphological characteristics of acute and chronic forms of oral candidiasis. Local causal treatment of isolated candidal lesions of the oral cavity by 1% solution of clotrimazole (Candid) is effective both in children and adults. Preventive care after the course etiotropic therapy are aimed at reducing the number of relapses of oral candidiasis.
ON THE ROLE OF COLLOID SILVER IN THE TREATMENT OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT AND EAR DISORDERS
Authors: BOIKOVA N. E. 
Published: January 2020

The high resistance of infectious agents to antibiotics that doctors currently face in therapy of acute and chronic diseases, especially in ENT-practice makes it possible for experts to search for alternative paths and to select drugs with a broad spectrum of action. These include colloid silver based drugs with proven microbicidal, virucidal and local protective and anti-inflammatory properties
TACTICS OF PEDITRY IN ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDREN
Authors: URSOVA N. I. 
Published: January 2020

The functional abdominal pain in children and teenagers is characterized by a wide range of manifestations, doesn’t belong to the separate nosologic form, has clinical, prognostic importance and supports interest of internists to diagnostics and therapy. Taking into account a great variety of signs of the process systemic nature in children it’s reasonable to examine patients with the abdominal pain as a complex. The accurate syndrome diagnosis that determines the necessity and strategy of treatment is of paramount importance for pediatric practice whereas the task of the doctor is the choice of the drug with the maximum therapeutic and minimum toxic potential
SLEEP IN CHILDREN: FROM PHYSIOLOGY TO PATHOLOGY
Authors: POLUEKTOV M. G. , PCHELINA P. V. 
Published: January 2020

Circadian rhythms and the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness begin to form in the embryonic period and undergo many stages of development before acquire characteristics typical for an adult. Structure of sleep disturbances in children also differs from that in the adult population. Most sleep disorders in children are the result of immaturity of certain brain structures and mechanisms: primary sleep disorders, pediatric behavioral insomnia, sleepwalking, night terrors, enuresis. These disorders are benign, and usually disappear by adulthood. Treatment of benign sleep disorders in children should primarily be based on the methods of behavioral therapy, the rules of sleep hygiene and the purpose of light sedation.
Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Öğretmen Adaylarının Engelli Öğrencilere Yönelik Metaforik Algıları (Gazi Üniversitesi Örneği)
Authors: DAYI Eylem , AÇIKGÖZ Gökhan , ELÇİ Ayşe Nur 
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırma, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü öğretmen adaylarının
engelli öğrencilere yönelik geliştirdikleri metaforları belirlemeyi
amaçlamıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma modeli kapsamında olgubilim deseni
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel
Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü 1, 2, 3 ve 4. sınıfına devam eden gönüllü 267 öğretmen
adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Engelli öğrenciler benim için
...... gibidir; Çünkü, ……. dır.”
cümlesinin yer aldığı açık uçlu form ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin
analizinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen
bulgulara göre öğretmen adaylarının sekiz kategoride 102 metafor ürettiği görülmüştür.
Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının engelli öğrenciler için sıklıkla çiçek
ve herkes metaforunu kullandıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının
engelli öğrencilere yönelik algılarının genelde olumlu olduğu sonucuna
varılmıştır.
Management of Suicidal Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Valles Nizete-Ly , Billups Dana , Sampson Topaz , Harris Toi Blakley 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Increasingly, adolescents are presented to hospital emergency departments
with suicidal ideation (SI) and depression. Even among those who come in with
other complaints, depression and SI are common. Emergency personnel are placed in the default
position of providing care for these patients, but often lack sufficient knowledge and
skills to do this effectively.

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to offer guidance to emergency personnel and describe
goals and strategies for screening and brief interventions.

Method:
We review risk factors, assessment tools and evidence-based interventions that can
be utilized by mental health professionals working in EDs and by ED staff in the absence of
mental health professionals.

Conclusion:
Emergency departments can serve a critical role in risk management and treatment
of adolescent depression and suicidal ideation. All patients presenting to the ED should
be screened for current and past depression and suicidal ideation or attempts. Brief interventions
can be delivered in the ED that can increase the likelihood that patients will receive follow-
up care.
Undergraduate Medical Students’ Search for Health Information Online: Explanatory Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Loda Teresa , Erschens Rebecca , Junne Florian , Stengel Andreas , Zipfel Stephan , Herrmann-Werner Anne 
Published: January 2020

Background
Previous research shows that being a “digital native” or growing up in a digital environment does not necessarily lead to increased digital competencies, such as digital health literacy or evaluation of webpage quality.

Objective
This study showed how medical students searched for health information online, specifically the recommended testing for histamine intolerance, by comparing the use of various search engines (Google, Medisuch, and a website of the student’s choice) to find out more about search strategies in future health professionals. As Medisuch presents a qualitatively better search engine, we assumed that medical students using this search engine might find valid information faster on more reliable webpages, and might recommend the correct diagnostic steps for histamine intolerance to their patients more often than students using a generic search engine like Google.

Methods
Medical students in their third year of study were asked to find the relevant diagnostic steps of histamine intolerance online. They were randomly assigned to use one search engine: Google, their personal choice, or Medisuch. Their process of seeking information online was video recorded.

Results
In total, 140 medical students participated in this study. The total number of webpages found did not differ among the groups (P=.52). Students using Medisuch (P=.02) correctly identified the elimination diet as a relevant diagnostic step more frequently. The provocation test was reported by almost half of the students independent of the search engine used. In general, medical students commonly identified trustworthy webpages in all three groups (Google: 36/44, 82%; free choice: 31/36; 86%; and Medisuch: 35/45, 78%).

Conclusions
The results indicate that medical students were able to find trustworthy health-related information online independent of the search engine used. Medical students that are digital natives seem to have proper internet skills and a knowledge of how to use them. They entered specific medical terms (evidence-based diagnostic steps) or names of reliable webpages (DocCheck) in the search engines to gain correct information. However, it remains to be seen if this behavior can be called true “digital literacy”.
Assessment of In-Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Aerva Javanica Linn. Flowering Tops
Authors: Khunteta Alok , Swarnkar Surendra K , Gupta Manish Kumar , Swarnkar Aruna , Jain Pankaj , Paliwal Sarvesh 
Published: January 2020

Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae) is a grey coloured woolly perennial tomentose shrub. Its traditional and folklore usage motivates further investigation on its pharmacognostic parameters and pharmacological potential. Therefore, in order to establish its antioxidant potential, DPPH, SOD and superoxide scavenging and total antioxidant capacity, were determined. Hydro-alcoholic extract (CE) was prepared from flowering tops of A. javanica. In order to work further on activity guided fractions, ethyl acetate (AJEAF) fraction was prepared. For in-vitro evaluation, ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant compound. In DPPH assay IC50 was determined as 89.00 µg/ml, as compared with standard ascorbic acid with IC50 21.80 µg/ml, with a concentration dependent scavenging of free radical. Superoxide scavenging potential in terms of SOD expressed as IC50, was determined as 61.904 µg /ml for AJEAF in contrast to 132.413 µg /ml for standard ascorbic acid. This was equivalent to 16.154 Eq SOD units /mg (EAF) per mg of sample respectively against 7.552 Eq SOD units /mg of standard. Total antioxidant capacity was found to be 283.67 mg Ascorbic acid Eq /g. Results indicated that fraction (AJEAF had significant antioxidant potential which expressed the prospective potential of fraction against metabolic disorders.
Formulation, Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation of Cetrizine HCL Oral Disintegrating Tablets
Authors: PASUPULATI HARITHA , PHALGUNA Y , RUDRA SANDHYA 
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this work is to formulate and evaluate Cetirizine HCl MFDT’s using different concentrations of superdisintegrants like croscarmellose sodium (CCS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and their combinations in different ratios. The in vitro disintegration time of Cetrizine Hcl prepared by direct compression method by super disintegrates were found to be in the range of 18 to 11sec fulfilling the official requirements. The bulk density and tapped bulk density for the entire formulation blend varied from 0.508 gm/cc to 0.5438 gm/cc and 0.5941 to 0.6408 respectively. The friability was found in all designed formulations in the range 0.42 to 0.74% to be well within the approved range (<1%). The weight variation was found in all designed formulation in the range 97 to 102 mg. The wetting time were found to be in the range of 11 to 18sec. Water absorption ratio for all the formulations found in the range 11 to 16%.combination of sodium starch glycolate and cross carmellose sodium (6% of 25%-ssg&75%ccs)) promotes dissolution rate of drug release when compared to formulation of SSG & CCS alone. It may be due to capillary and wicking mechanism of SSG & CCS.

Keywords:
Development and In-Vitro Evaluation of Betahistine Hydrochloride microspheres by Emulsification Solvent Evaporation Method
Authors: Wathore Sandeep A 
Published: January 2020

The formulation of floating microspheres of Betahistine hydrochloride by the o/w emulsification and solvent evaporation method in the presence of tween 80 as an emulsifying agent. The influence of formulation factor Drug: Polymer ratio on particle size, encapsulation efficiency and invitro release characteristics of the microspheres were investigated. The microspheres have been analyzed for their size, drug loading capacity and drug release study. Spherical and smooth surfaced microspheres with desired encapsulation efficiencies were obtained. Slow drug release from microspheres observed up to 12 h. for formulation F4, F5. Optimized formulation F4 was evaluated for FTIR, DSC, SEM. DSC and FTIR studies showed that the nature of pure drug Betahistine hydrochloride remains unaffected till the completion of process of microspheres formation. SEM photographs showed that the Floating microspheres were spherical in nature with smooth surface and uniform distribution of the drug within the microsphere.
Keywords:
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol And Fraction of Buni Leaves (Antidesma Bunius L.) on White Rat In Carrageenan Induced Paw Inflammation
Authors: Kautsar Lintang , Sitorus Panal , Dalimunthe Aminah 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect ethanol extract and fraction of buni leaves (Antidesma bunius L.) in term of decreased edema volume of male white rat in 1% carrageenan-induced and also to determine the effective dose
Design: The design of this study was experimental, where the extraction and fraction of buni leaves were tested for inflammation inhibition value ​​in carrageenan-induced white rats.The inflammatory activity test was divided 6 groups. The Group I (negative control) was given CMC 0.5%, Group II (positive control) was given diclofenac sodium 2,25 mg/kg bw (body weight), while Group III, IV, V and VI were given buni leaves extract and fraction at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kgbw respectively
Interventions: The variable that was intervened in this study was the concentration of extract used
Main outcome measure: The main measurement results in this study were to know the extracts and fractions which are capable inhibitor volume of edema in the carrageenan-induced rat paw
Results: the anti-inflammatory effects from buni leaves exhibited the most effective activity to reduce edema in the rat paw i.e. EEDB 200 mg / kg bw and FEADB 200 mg / kg bw showing the same value of against positive control
Conclusion: ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction buni leaves(Antidesma bunius L.) has an effective anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw.
Study of Forced Degradation Behaviour of a Novel Anti-Platelet Drug of Vorapaxar by Uplc-Ms/Ms
Authors: Tammisetty Mohanrao  , Dr.Ch.Balasekhara Reddy  , Dr.P.Srinivasa Babu  
Published: January 2020

A sensitive, precise, specific, linear and stability indicating isocratic UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of vorpaxar as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2). Various forced degradation studies were conducted to establish an impurity profile for vorpaxar. Degradation products were produced upon exposing vorpaxar to different degradation conditions (acidic, basic, oxidative, photolytic, aqueous and thermal); the chromatographic separation was achieved with 5mM Ammonium Format Buffer (pH: 4.0): Methanol: Acetonitrile, (40:30:30, % v/v) using the Pursuit XRs-100Å, C18, 4.6 x 50 mm, 10 µm analytical column. The total analysis time was 3.5 min and flow rate was set to 0.2 ml/min. The mass transitions of vorapaxar and vorapaxar-D5 obtained were m/z 591.4/447.2 and 498.6/447.2. The standard curve shows correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.999 with a range of 35.0-105.0 pg/ml using linear regression model. The drug showed instability in the solution state (under acidic, alkaline and oxidative stress conditions), but it was relatively stable in the solid-state, at thermal and photo degradation conditions.