bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐seasonal modelling of plant‐nematode interactions reveals efficient plant resistance deployment strategies
Authors: Nilusmas Samuel , Mercat Mathilde , Perrot Thomas , Djian‐Caporalino Caroline , Castagnone‐Sereno Philippe , Touzeau Suzanne , Calcagno Vincent , Mailleret Ludovic 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRoot‐knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are soil‐borne polyphagous pests with major impact on crop yield worldwide. Resistant crops efficiently control avirulent root‐knot nematodes, but favour the emergence of virulent forms. Since virulence is associated with fitness costs, susceptible crops counter‐select virulent root‐knot nematodes. In this study, we identify optimal rotation strategies between susceptible and resistant crops to control root‐knot nematodes and maximize crop yield. We developed an epidemiological model describing the within‐season dynamics of avirulent and virulent root‐knot nematodes on susceptible or resistant plant root‐systems, and their between‐season survival. The model was fitted to experimental data and used to predict yield‐maximizing rotation strategies, with special attention to the impact of epidemic severity and genetic parameters. Crop rotations were found to be efficient under realistic parameter ranges. They were characterized by low ratios of resistant plants and were robust to parameter uncertainty. Rotations provide significant gain over resistant‐only strategies, especially under intermediate fitness costs and severe epidemic contexts. Switching from the current general deployment of resistant crops to custom rotation strategies could not only maintain or increase crop yield, but also preserve the few and valuable R‐genes available.
Differential thermal tolerance between algae and corals may trigger the proliferation of algae in coral reefs
Authors: Anton Andrea , Randle Janna L. , Garcia Francisca C. , Rossbach Susann , Ellis Joanne I. , Weinzierl Michael , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMarine heatwaves can lead to rapid changes in entire communities, including in the case of shallow coral reefs the potential overgrowth of algae. Here we tested experimentally the differential thermal tolerance between algae and coral species from the Red Sea through the measurement of thermal performance curves and the assessment of thermal limits. Differences across functional groups (algae vs. corals) were apparent for two key thermal performance metrics. First, two reef‐associated algae species (Halimeda tuna and Turbinaria ornata) had higher lethal thermal limits than two coral species (Pocillopora verrucosa and Stylophora pistillata) conferring those species of algae with a clear advantage during heatwaves by surpassing the thermal threshold of coral survival. Second, the coral species had generally greater deactivation energies for net and gross primary production rates compared to the algae species, indicating greater thermal sensitivity in corals once the optimum temperature is exceeded. Our field surveys in the Red Sea reefs before and after the marine heatwave of 2015 show a change in benthic cover mainly in the southern reefs, where there was a decrease in coral cover and a concomitant increase in algae abundance, mainly turf algae. Our laboratory and field observations indicate that a proliferation of algae might be expected on Red Sea coral reefs with future ocean warming.
Mössbauer study of the temperature dependence of electron delocalization in mixed valence freudenbergite
Authors: Cashion John D. , Vance Eric R. , Ryan Dominic H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe evolution of the electron delocalization in the ferrous subspectra in a sample of mixed valence ferrous‐ferric freudenbergite has been followed by Mössbauer spectroscopy from 6 K to 650 K. The spectral changes do not involve the ferric component, leading to the conclusion that it is due to a thermally driven delocalization of the sixth d‐electron on the ferrous ions. The phenomenon does not occur in samples of pure ferrous freudenbergite.
Effects of timing of formative feedback in computer‐assisted learning environments
Authors: Candel Carmen , Vidal‐Abarca Eduardo , Cerdán Raquel , Lippmann Marie , Narciss Susanne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effects of timing of corrective formative feedback on processing text information on question‐answering. Undergraduate students read an expository text and answered questions in two attempts. Students were randomly assigned to a no feedback, immediate feedback and delayed feedback conditions. Students in the feedback conditions received feedback on the correctness of their answer after the first attempt and were informed about the right answer after the second attempt. Students were prompted to restudy the text after failing in their first attempt. However, students in the no feedback condition were just prompted to search the text. All students were tested on question‐answering, corrective probability and a post‐test cued‐recall test. Results showed that: (a) feedback reduced the initial time reading the text; (b) feedback increased performance on question answering and cued‐recall; (c) delayed feedback produced no advantages over immediate feedback. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Monotherapy and combination therapy with acitretin for mycosis fungoides: results of a retrospective, multicentre study
Authors: Nikolaou V. , Patsatsi A. , Sidiropoulou P. , Chlouverakis G. , Kavvalou E. , Koletsa T. , Economidi A. , Georgiou E. , Papadavid E. , Rigopoulos D. , Stratigos A.J. , Kruger‐Krasagakis S.E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRetinoids have long been used in the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. However, data on acitretin use for mycosis fungoides (MF) are very limited.ObjectivesTo evaluate treatment outcomes of acitretin in patients with MF attending three academic referral centres in different regions of Greece.MethodsData on effectiveness, safety and drug survival of acitretin as monotherapy or as adjuvant regimen were collected in a multicentre, register‐based, retrospective study.ResultsOverall, 128 patients (64.8% male; mean age at MF diagnosis 59.7 years) were included. Folliculotropic MF was present in 24 (18.8%) cases. Most patients (n = 118; 92.2%) had early‐stage disease (≤IIA) at acitretin initiation. In all, 28 (21.9%) patients received acitretin monotherapy, while 100 (78.1%) subjects on acitretin concomitantly received phototherapy (n = 65; 50.8%) or topical steroids (n = 27; 21.1%). Acitretin was given as a first‐line agent in 73 (57%) cases. A 77.3% overall response rate was noted: 44.5% and 32.8% for complete and partial responses, respectively. Acitretin was more effective as first‐line than as a subsequent agent (P = 0.008). A trend towards better response was observed in the combination arm compared to patients receiving acitretin alone (P = 0.056). Median time to best response was 6.9 months (IQR 4.4–9.4); median duration of response was 23.7 months (IQR 11.9–35.4). Overall, the mean length of all treatment patterns was 569 days (SD 718.8). Therapy was discontinued in 5 (3.9%) cases due to drug intolerance. Adverse effects were recorded in 62 (48.4%) cases with dyslipidaemia (n = 31; 24.2%), xerosis (n = 24; 18.6%) and hair loss (n = 10; 7.8%) being the most commonly recorded.ConclusionsAcitretin, either alone or as adjuvant, showed a stable long‐term effectiveness in this cohort, especially when used in the first‐line setting. This RAR‐selective agonist may serve as an attractive option for treatment of MF and should be further evaluated.
Variation amongst hierarchies of evidence
Authors: Vere Joseph , Gibson Barry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEvidence‐based standards are fundamental to the practice, funding, and governance of modern medicine. These standards are developed using hierarchies of evidence yet it is often not appreciated that different hierarchies exist and there is a risk that inconsistent standards may be developed depending upon the hierarchy that is used. In this paper, we present four factors, independent of study design, that have led to differences amongst hierarchies. These factors are: establishment of professional jurisdiction, practical concerns, methodological quality, and the importance of different questions within medicine. We demonstrate that each of these factors has led to the upgrading of expert opinion and/or the downgrading of randomized controlled trials and meta‐analyses within different hierarchies. Our aim is to raise awareness of factors that have influenced the development of hierarchies. This may make the reader more critical of the processes that are used to develop evidence based standards.
Motor chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in 17 patients: Clinical characteristics, electrophysiological study, and response to treatment
Authors: Pegat Antoine , Boisseau William , Maisonobe Thierry , Debs Rabab , Lenglet Timothée , Psimaras Dimitri , Azoulay‐Cayla Arièle , Fournier Emmanuel , Viala Karine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMotor chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare and poorly described subtype of CIDP. We aimed to study their clinical and electrophysiological characteristics and response to treatment. From a prospective database of CIDP patients, we included patients with definite or probable CIDP with motor signs and without sensory signs/symptoms at diagnosis. Patients were considered to have pure motor CIDP (PM‐CIDP) if sensory conductions were normal or to have motor predominant CIDP (MPred‐CIDP) if ≥2 sensory nerve action potential amplitudes were abnormal. Among the 700 patients with CIDP, 17 (2%) were included (PM‐CIDP n = 7, MPred‐CIDP n = 10); 71% were male, median age at onset was 48 years (range: 13‐76 years), 47% had an associated inflammatory or infectious disease or neoplasia. At the more severe disease stage, 94% of patients had upper and lower limb weakness, with distal and proximal weakness in 4 limbs for 56% of them. Three‐quarters (75%) responded to intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and four of five patients to corticosteroids including three of three patients with MPred‐CIDP. The most frequent conduction abnormalities were conduction blocks (CB, 82%) and F‐wave abnormalities (88%). During follow up, 4 of 10 MPred‐CIDP patients developed mild sensory symptoms; none with PM‐CIDP did so. Patients with PM‐CIDP had poorer outcome (median ONLS: 4; range: 22‐5) compared to MPred‐CIDP (2, range: 0‐4; P = .03) at last follow up. This study found a progressive clinical course in the majority of patients with motor CIDP as well as frequent associated diseases, CB, and F‐wave abnormalities. Corticosteroids might be considered as a therapeutic option in resistant IVIg patients with MPred‐CIDP.
Do we need a 200 μg misoprostol vaginal insert? A retrospective cohort study comparing the misoprostol vaginal insert to oral misoprostol
Authors: Wegener Silke , Koenigbauer Josefine T. , Laesser Claudia , Metz Melanie , Pech Luisa , Kummer Julia , Daut Julia , Jarchau Ute , Wegener Viktor , Hellmeyer Lars 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI) was reported to be more effective than dinoprostone but discussed critically because of high rates of fetal heart rate changes due to uterine tachysystole. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of induced labor using the MVI compared to off‐label orally‐administered misoprostol (OM).MethodsRetrospective study including a total of 401 patients with singleton pregnancies in whom labor was induced at ≥36 0/7 gestational weeks with MVI (203) or OM (198). Primary outcomes were the time from induction to delivery, vaginal delivery in 24 h and the mode of delivery and the neonatal outcome.ResultsMedian time until any delivery was 833 min (645–1278) for MVI and 1076.5 min (698–1686.3) for OM group; 83.7% of the patients in the MVI group gave birth within 24 h versus 63.6% in the OM group. The MVI group needed significantly less pre‐delivery oxytocin (29%). Tachysystole (6.4%) and pathological CTG (30.5%) occurred at a significantly higher frequency in the MVI group. The cesarean section rate was significantly higher in the MVI group amounting to 21.7% versus 14.6% in the OM group (P < 0.05). Neonatal outcome did not differ between the groups.ConclusionThe MVI might be an option if you are in need for an approved and faster method to induce labor. Although we observed a significantly higher rate of fetal heart rate changes and cesarean sections in the MVI group this did not affect the neonatal outcome.
Complete rupture of unscarred uterus with delayed symptoms: Case report and possible mechanism
Authors: Nishikawa Shigeki , Shibata Takashi , Kato Hiroki , Kotsuji Fumikazu , Nakago Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUterine ruptures typically occur suddenly, have obvious symptoms, and may require urgent treatment. We experienced a case of complete rupture of an unscarred uterus that was undetected for 9 days. We report the clinical course and possible factors that led to it. Nine days after delivery, complete rupture of the posterior uterine wall was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. The colon and ovaries were tightly adhered to the posterior uterine body. When this adhesive lesion was detached, 7 cm horizontal defects of the muscular layer were revealed. The ruptured wound was repaired. Magnetic resonance imaging 1 year postoperatively showed no thinning of the repaired lesion and suggested successful reperfusion. Mild clinical course despite complete uterine rupture was presumably because of adhesion of the ovaries and intestines to the rupture site.
Epigenetic regulation of insulin action and secretion – role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ling C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity, physical inactivity and ageing increase the risk of T2D. Epigenetic modifications can change due to environmental exposures and may thereby predispose to disease. This review aims at summarizing recent advances in epigenetics related to T2D, with a special focus on impaired insulin action and secretion in humans. There will be an emphasis on analyses in human tissues; both from T2D case‐control cohorts and intervention studies. Current data support an important role for epigenetics in the pathogenesis of T2D. Numerous studies have found differential DNA methylation and gene expression in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, the liver and pancreatic islets from subjects with T2D compared with nondiabetic controls. For example, PDX1 has increased DNA methylation and decreased expression in pancreatic islets from patients with T2D compared with nondiabetic controls. Nongenetic risk factors for T2D such as ageing, unhealthy diets and physical activity do also impact the epigenome in human tissues. Interestingly, physical activity altered DNA methylation of candidate genes for T2D such as THADA in muscle and FTO, KCNQ1 and TCF7L2 in adipose tissue. There is also a strong interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors that together seem to affect T2D. mQTL studies in human adipose tissue and pancreatic islets showed that SNPs associated with DNA methylation levels in numerous sites. Several of these SNPs are also associated with T2D. Recent data also support that DNA methylation of some sites in blood may be developed into biomarkers that predict T2D since methylation of, for example TXNIP, ABCG1 and SREBF1 associated with future T2D. Future studies should use this information for development of new therapies and biomarkers and thereby improve prediction, prevention and treatment of T2D and its complications.
Joint impact of common risk factors on incident dementia: A cohort study of the Swedish Twin Registry
Authors: Tomata Y. , Li X. , Karlsson I. K. , Mosing M. A. , Pedersen N. L. , Hägg S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs common risk factors of dementia, nine factors (low education, hearing loss, obesity, hypertension, smoking, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes and social isolation) were proposed. However, the joint impact of these factors on incident dementia is still uncertain; hence, we aimed to examine this impact.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of 9017 cognitively intact individuals aged ≥ 65 years in the Swedish Twin Registry. The main exposure was the total number of reported risk factors (ranging from 0 to 9). Data on dementia diagnoses were based on clinical workup and national health registers. After estimating the adjusted hazard ratios of incident dementia, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated. We then conducted additional analyses, including APOE ε4 status in a genotyped subsample (n = 2810) to check the relative impact of the main exposure and discordant twin pair (n = 1158) analysis to consider confounding by familial effects (shared genetic or familial environmental factors).ResultsThe number of dementia cases was 1950 (21.6%). A dose‐response relationship between the number of risk factors and incident dementia was observed; hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) per one‐unit increment in number of risk factors was 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11). The PAF for the combination of the nine risk factors was 10.4%. The PAF of all nine risk factors was smaller than that of APOE ε4 genotype (20.8%) in the subsample. Discordant pair analysis suggested that the observed association was not likely explained by familial effects.ConclusionThe nine risk factors may have considerable impact as modifiable factors on incident dementia.
Serious psychological distress: A national study of Middle Eastern immigrants
Authors: Alkaid Albqoor Maha , Chen Jyu‐Lin , Weiss Sandra , Waters Catherine , Choi Ji‐Won 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhat is known on the subject?

There is very limited literature on the health of Middle Eastern immigrants in the United States, and the available studies were mostly conducted on small convenient samples in local communities.

There is also a need to understand changes in the rates of serious psychological distress (SPD) during the 15 years after 2001, as there were negative effects on Arabs’ health since the September 2001 aftermath.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

The study examined the rates of SPD, the risk of SPD and its associated factors in a national sample of Middle Eastern immigrants in the United States from 2001 to 2015.

The study found that serious psychological distress rate was high among Middle Eastern immigrants. Being a female and having obesity were associated with a higher risk of reporting serious psychological distress among this population.

What are the implications for practice?

These outcomes necessitate mental health nursing interventions that provide culturally sensitive mental health care to immigrants

For example, developing community‐based prevention programmes is required to address risk factors of psychological distress and to increase awareness about psychological distress among Middle Eastern immigrants.

AbstractIntroductionWhile Middle Eastern immigrants are a fast‐growing population in the United States, there is very limited literature on their mental health. Most of the available studies were conducted on small convenient samples in local communities.AimsTo examine rates of serious psychological distress (SPD) and its associated factors among Middle Eastern immigrants in the United States, compared with US‐born, non‐Hispanic Whites.MethodsData from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2001 to 2015 were analysed. The survey included 1,246 Middle Eastern immigrants and 232,392 US‐born, non‐Hispanic Whites. SPD was measured by the Kessler‐6 psychological distress scale. Survey analysis procedures, sampling weights and variance estimates were conducted. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were employed to examine differences and factors associated with SPD.ResultsSPD rate was the highest among Middle Eastern immigrants (5.99%) between 2006 and 2010. Among Middle Eastern immigrants, being female and obese were significantly associated with a higher risk of SPD.DiscussionMiddle Eastern immigrants in the United States suffered high rates of SPD. Gender and obesity were factors associated with SPD risk.ImplicationsThese outcomes indicate the need for mental health nursing interventions that provide culturally sensitive mental health care to immigrants, such as developing community‐based prevention programmes.
Prevalence and clinical features of patients with concurrent HBsAg and anti‐HBs: Evaluation of the hepatitis B research network cohort
Authors: Lee William M. , King Wendy C. , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Rule Jody , Lok Anna S. F. ,   the HBRN Investigators
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of concurrent HBsAg and anti‐HBs in plasma of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is variable and its clinical significance enigmatic. We examined the prevalence and clinical and virological features of concurrent HBsAg and anti‐HBs in children and adults with chronic HBV infection living in North America. A total of 1462 HBsAg positive participants in the Hepatitis B Research Network paediatric and adult cohorts were included (median age 41 (range 4‐80) years, 48% female, 11% white, 13% black, 73% Asians). Only 18 (1.2%) were found to be anti‐HBs positive (≥10 mIU/mL) at initial study evaluation. Distributions of sex, race, HBV genotype and ALT were similar between participants with and without concurrent anti‐HBs. Those who were anti‐HBs positive appeared to be older (median age 50 vs 41 years, P = .06), have lower platelet counts (median 197 vs 222 × 103/mm3, P = .07) and have higher prevalence of HBeAg (44% vs 26%, P = .10). They also had lower HBsAg levels (median 2.0 vs 3.5 log10 IU/mL, P = .02). Testing of follow‐up samples after a median of 4 years (range 1‐6) in 12 of the 18 participants with initial concurrent anti‐HBs showed anti‐HBs became undetectable in 6, decreased to <10 mIU/mL in 1 and remained positive in 5 participants. Two patients lost HBsAg during follow‐up. In conclusion, prevalence of concurrent HBsAg and anti‐HBs was low at 1.2%, with anti‐HBs disappearing in some during follow‐up, in this large cohort of racially diverse children and adults with chronic HBV infection living in North America. Presence of concurrent HBsAg and anti‐HBs did not identify a specific phenotype of chronic hepatitis B, nor did it appear to affect clinical outcomes.
The effects of secondary processing in the unique carbonaceous chondrite Miller Range 07687
Authors: Haenecour Pierre , Floss Christine , Brearley Adrian J. , Zega Thomas J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur detailed mineralogical, elemental, and isotopic study of the Miller Range (MIL) 07687 meteorite showed that, although this meteorite has affinities to CO chondrites, it also exhibits sufficient differences to warrant classification as an ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite. The most notable feature of MIL 07687 is the presence of two distinct matrix lithologies that result from highly localized aqueous alteration. One of these lithologies is Fe‐rich and exhibits evidence for interaction with water, including the presence of fibrous (dendritic) ferrihydrite. The other lithology, which is Fe‐poor, appears to represent relatively unaltered protolith material. MIL 07687 has presolar grain abundances consistent with those observed in other modestly altered carbonaceous chondrites: the overall abundance of O‐rich presolar grains is 137 ± 3 ppm and the overall abundance of SiC grains is 71 ± 11 ppm. However, there is a large difference in the observed O‐rich and SiC grain number densities between altered and unaltered areas, reflecting partial destruction of presolar grains (both O‐ and C‐rich grains) due to the aqueous alteration experienced by MIL 07687 under highly oxidizing conditions. Detailed coordinated NanoSIMS‐TEM analysis of a large hotspot composed of an isotopically normal core surrounded by a rim composed of 17O‐rich grains is consistent with either original condensation of the core and surrounding grains in the same parent AGB star, or with grain accretion in the ISM or solar nebula.