bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Responses to Mechanical Force of Prostate Cancer Cells Inducing Different Metastasis Patterns
Authors: Liu Zhixiao , Wang Liujun , Xu Huan , Du Qiqige , Li Li , Wang Ling , Zhang En Song , Chen Guosong , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe physical cues in the extracellular environment play important roles in cancer cell metastasis. However, how metastatic cancer cells respond to the diverse mechanical environments of metastatic sites is not fully understood. Here, substrates with different mechanical properties are prepared to simulate the extracellular mechanical environment of various human tissues. The prostate cancer (PC) cells derived from different cancer metastasis sites show heterogeneity in mechanical response. This heterogeneity mediates two distinct metastasis patterns. High stiffness promotes individual cell migration and proliferation by inducing Yes‐associated protein and tafazzin (YAP/TAZ) nuclear localization in bone metastasis‐derived cells, whereas low stiffness promotes cell migration and proliferation by inducing lymphatic metastasis‐derived cells to form clusters characterized by high expression of CD44. The different metastasis patterns induced by the mechanical properties of the extracellular environment are crucial in the development of PC.
Colloidal Quantum Dot Bulk Heterojunction Solids with Near‐Unity Charge Extraction Efficiency
Authors: Choi Min‐Jae , Baek Se‐Woong , Lee Seungjin , Biondi Margherita , Zheng Chao , Todorovic Petar , Li Peicheng , Hoogland Sjoerd , Lu Zheng‐Hong , de Arquer F. Pelayo García , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of interest for optoelectronic applications owing to their tunable properties and ease of processing. Large‐diameter CQDs offer optical response in the infrared (IR), beyond the bandgap of c‐Si and perovskites. The absorption coefficient of IR CQDs (≈104 cm−1) entails the need for micrometer‐thick films to maximize the absorption of IR light. This exceeds the thickness compatible with the efficient extraction of photogenerated carriers, a fact that limits device performance. Here, CQD bulk heterojunction solids are demonstrated that, with extended carrier transport length, enable efficient IR light harvesting. An in‐solution doping strategy for large‐diameter CQDs is devised that addresses the complex interplay between (100) facets and doping agents, enabling to control CQD doping, energetic configuration, and size homogeneity. The hetero‐offset between n‐type CQDs and p‐type CQDs is manipulated to drive the transfer of electrons and holes into distinct carrier extraction pathways. This enables to form active layers exceeding thicknesses of 700 nm without compromising open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. As a result, >90% charge extraction efficiency across the ultraviolet to IR range (350–1400 nm) is documented.
Subspace based model identification for missing data
Authors: Patel Nikesh , Mhaskar Prashant , Corbett Brandon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of missing process data in data‐driven dynamic modeling approaches. The key motivation is to avoid using imputation methods or deletion of key process information when identifying the model, and utilizing the rest of the information appropriately at the model building stage. To this end, a novel approach is developed that adapts nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithms from both partial least squares (PLS) and principle component analysis (PCA) for use in subspace identification. Note that the existing subspace identification approaches often utilize singular value decomposition (SVD) as part of the identification algorithm which is generally not robust to missing data. In contrast, the NIPALS algorithms used in this work leverage the inherent correlation structure of the identification matrices to minimize the impact of missing data values while generating an accurate system model. Furthermore, in computing the system matrices, the calculated scores from the latent variable methods are utilized as the states of the system. The efficacy of the proposed approach is shown via simulation of a nonlinear batch process example.
Surgical outcomes in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease without aspirin desensitization
Authors: Grose Elysia , Lee Daniel J. , Yip Jonathan , Cottrell Justin , Sykes Jenna , Lee Jason K. , Lee John M. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) represents a severe endotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Although aspirin desensitization (AD) has emerged as an effective therapeutic option, the natural history of AERD without AD remains unclear.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of AERD patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) without AD between 2010 and 2019. The primary outcomes were revision surgery rate and time to revision surgery. Secondary outcomes included changes in 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores and Lund‐Kennedy endoscopy scores (LKES). A subgroup analysis was performed for patients on monoclonal antibody therapy (MAT).ResultsOf 141 patients, 37 (26.2%) underwent revision ESS with a median time to revision of 3.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.2‐4.9) years. The probability of remaining free of revision surgery at 1, 3, and 5 years was: 98.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.7‐100.0%), 78.8% (95% CI, 70.2‐88.4%), and 44.8% (95% CI, 32.4‐62.1%), respectively. SNOT‐22 scores decreased by 34 (IQR, 18‐52) points at 6 months and 27 (IQR, 20‐46) points at 1 year postoperatively. In the revision cohort, the decrease in SNOT‐22 score was not sustained at 1 year postoperatively. No difference was found in time to revision compared with those without MAT (p = 0.23).ConclusionA significant proportion of AERD patients benefit from ESS and medical therapy alone without AD. This study presents preliminary results on the impact of MAT on surgical outcomes as it is limited by the small sample size. Further research on the use of MAT in AERD is needed.
Suction mitigation of airborne particulate generated during sinonasal drilling and cautery
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Xiao Roy , Feng Allen , Gadkaree Shekhar K. , Quesnel Alicia M. , Bleier Benjamin S. , Scangas George A. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has significantly impacted endonasal surgery, and recent experimentation has demonstrated that sinonasal drilling and cautery have significant propensity for airborne particulate generation immediately adjacent to the surgical field. In the present investigation, we assessed nasopharyngeal suctioning as a mitigation strategy to decrease particulate spread during simulated endonasal surgical activity.MethodsAirborne particulate generation in the 1‐µm to 10‐µm range was quantified with an optical particle sizer in real‐time during cadaveric‐simulated anterior and posterior endonasal drilling and cautery conditions. To test suction mitigation, experiments were performed both with and without a rigid suction placed in the contralateral nostril, terminating in the nasopharynx.ResultsBoth anterior (medial maxillary wall and nasal septum) and posterior (sphenoid rostrum) drilling produced significant particulate generation in the 1‐µm to 10‐µm range throughout the duration of drilling (p < 0.001) without the use of suction, whereas nasopharyngeal suction use eliminated the detection of generated airborne particulate. A similar effect was seen with nasal cautery, with significant particle generation (p < 0.001) that was reduced to undetectable levels with the use of nasopharyngeal suction.ConclusionThe use of nasopharyngeal suctioning via the contralateral nostril minimizes airborne particulate spread during simulated sinonasal drilling and cautery. In the era of COVID‐19, this technique offers an immediately available measure that may increase surgical safety.
Rapid biomonitoring of perfluoroalkyl substance exposures in serum by multisegment injection‐nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Azab Sandi , Hum Rebecca , Britz‐McKibbin Philip 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a major contaminant class due to their ubiquitous prevalence, persistence, and putative endocrine disrupting activity that may contribute to chronic disease risk notably with exposures early in life. Herein, multisegment injection‐nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis‐tandem mass spectrometry (MSI‐NACE‐MS/MS) is introduced as a high throughput approach for PFAS screening in serum samples following a simple methyl‐tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) liquid extraction. Separation and ionization conditions were optimized to quantify low nanomolar concentration levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) from serum extracts when using multiple reaction monitoring under negative ion mode conditions. Multiplexed separations of PFOA and PFOS were achieved with excellent throughput (<3 min/sample), adequate concentration sensitivity (LOD ∼ 20 nM, S/N = 3) and good technical precision over three consecutive days of analysis (mean CV = 9.1%, n = 84). Accurate quantification of PFASs was demonstrated in maternal serum samples (n = 16) when using MSI‐CE‐MS/MS following pre‐column sample enrichment with median concentrations of 3.46 nM (0.7‐9.0 nM) and 3.29 nM (1.5‐6.6 nM) for PFOA and PFOS, respectively. This was lower than average PFAS exposures measured in pregnant women who had serum collected prior to 2009 likely due to subsequent phase out of their production. Overall, this method offers a convenient approach for large‐scale biomonitoring of environmental exposures to legacy PFASs and their emerging replacements that is relevant to maternal health and chronic disease risk assessment in children.
Chemical Toolbox to Decode the Microbiota Lexicon
Authors: Qiao Yuan , Hayashi Hirohito , Chong Teo Seng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe human microbiota deploys a diverse range of molecules and metabolites to engage in chemical communications with the host, mediating fundamental aspects of host health. Studies of the structures and activities of bioactive molecules produced by the microbiota are imperative to address their implications in microbiota associated diseases in human. By drawing experiences from different research fields, chemists and chemical biologists, who are experts in dealing with chemical molecules, are uniquely positioned to contribute to the emerging knowledge of human microbiota. In this minireview, we discuss the current chemical tools and methods that are pertinent to the discovery of microbiota molecules and metabolites, characterizations of their protein targets, as well as evaluations of their biodistributions in hosts. These are key aspects in understanding the chemical underpinnings of the microbiota‐host interactions that would enable future development of diagnostics and therapeutics targeting the human microbiota.
Syntheses of Tetrasubstituted [10]Cycloparaphenylenes by a Pd‐catalyzed Coupling Reaction. Remarkable Effect of Strain on the Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination
Authors: Kayahara Eiichi , Nakano Masaya , Sun Liansheng , Ishida Kosuke , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA small library of tetrasubstituted [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) derivatives bearing alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituents was constructed by a Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction starting from tetratriflate [10]CPP 5 e, which was readily available in high yields on a >2 g scale. The CPP skeleton increases the reactivity of aryl triflate for oxidative addition to the Pd species, and 5 e is 10 times more reactive than its linear paraphenylene analogue, as determined by competition experiments. Theoretical calculations suggest that the accumulation of the small strain relief from each paraphenylene unit not involved in the reaction is responsible for the observed enhanced reactivity.
Neural substrates underlying progressive micrographia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kanno Shigenori , Shinohara Mayumi , Kanno Kasumi , Gomi Yukihiro , Uchiyama Makoto , Nishio Yoshiyuki , Baba Toru , Hosokai Yoshiyuki , Takeda Atsushi , Fukuda Hiroshi , Mori Etsuro , Suzuki Kyoko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe neural substrates associated with the development of micrographia remain unknown. We aimed to elucidate the neural substrates underlying micrographia in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.MethodsForty PD patients and 20 healthy controls underwent handwriting tests that involved free writing and copying. We measured the size of each letter and the resting cerebral glucose metabolic rate of the PD patients and another group of age‐ and sex‐matched 14 healthy controls (HCs), who had not participated in the writing tests, using resting‐state 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography.ResultsIn the PD patients, the prevalence of consistent micrographia (CM) associated with free writing was 2.5% for both tasks. Alternatively, the prevalence of progressive micrographia (PM) was 15% for free writing and 17.5% for copying. In the PD patients, there was no significant difference in the letter sizes between these tasks, whereas the variability of the letter sizes for copying was significantly different from that for free writing. The means and decrements in letter sizes in either task were not significantly correlated with the severity of brady/hypokinesia in the PD patients. For free writing, the PD patients with PM showed glucose hypometabolism in the anterior part of the right middle cingulate cortex, including the rostral cingulate motor area, compared with those without PM. For copying, the PD patients with PM showed glucose hypometabolism in the right superior occipital gyrus, including V3A, compared with those without PM.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that PM in free writing in PD patients is caused by the difficulty of monitoring whether the actual handwriting movements are desirable for maintaining letter size during self‐paced handwriting. By contrast, PM in copying in PD patients is evoked by a lack of visual information about the personal handwriting and hand motions that are used as cues for maintaining letter sizes.
Functional network activity during errorless and trial‐and‐error color‐name association learning
Authors: Yamashita Madoka , Shimokawa Tetsuya , Peper Ferdinand , Tanemura Rumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn cognitive rehabilitation, errorless (EL) and trial‐and‐error (T&E) learning are well‐known methods, but their neural mechanisms are not well known. In this study, we investigated functional magnetic resonance imaging data for healthy adults during EL and T&E learning.MethodsParticipants memorized color‐name associations in both methods using Japanese traditional colors which were unfamiliar to study participants. A functional network analysis was conducted by applying graph theory. We focused on two major cognitive networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the fronto‐parietal network (FPN). Also, we used “within‐network connectivity” and “between‐network connectivity” graph metrics. The former represents the functional connectivity strength of a subnetwork, namely the within‐DMN connectivity and within‐FPN connectivity, while the latter represents the number of links between the DMN and FPN.ResultsThe within‐DMN connectivity in T&E learning was significantly higher than in EL learning. The difference between the memory scores of EL and T&E learning weakly correlated with the between‐network connectivity differences between both learning tasks.ConclusionsOur results suggest that within‐DMN connectivity is important in T&E learning and that the learning benefit differences between EL and T&E approaches potentially relate to the functional integration strength between the DMN and FPN.
A nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients with low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Huibo , Li Lan , Hu Mengxue , Chen Liang , Xu Bin , Song Qibin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG‐ESS) is a rare tumor that lacks a prognostic prediction model. Our study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict overall survival of LG‐ESS patients.MethodsA total of 1172 patients confirmed to have LG‐ESS between 1988 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. They were further divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The Akaike information criterion was used to select variables for the nomogram. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated using concordance index (C‐index), area under time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (time‐dependent AUC), and calibration plots. The net benefits of the nomogram at different threshold probabilities were quantified and compared with those of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) criteria‐based tumor staging using decision curve analysis (DCA). Net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were also used to compare the nomogram's clinical utility with that of the FIGO criteria‐based tumor staging. The risk stratifications of the nomogram and the FIGO criteria‐based tumor staging were compared.ResultsSeven variables were selected to establish the nomogram for LG‐ESS. The C‐index (0.814 for the training cohort and 0.837 for the validation cohort) and the time‐dependent AUC (> 0.7) indicated satisfactory discriminative ability of the nomogram. The calibration plots showed favorable consistency between the prediction of the nomogram and actual observations in both the training and validation cohorts. The NRI values (training cohort: 0.271 for 5‐year and 0.433 for 10‐year OS prediction; validation cohort: 0.310 for 5‐year and 0.383 for 10‐year OS prediction) and IDI (training cohort: 0.146 for 5‐year and 0.185 for 10‐year OS prediction; validation cohort: 0.177 for 5‐year and 0.191 for 10‐year OS prediction) indicated that the established nomogram performed significantly better than the FIGO criteria‐based tumor staging alone (P < 0.05). Furthermore, DCA showed that the nomogram was clinically useful and had better discriminative ability to recognize patients at high risk than the FIGO criteria‐based tumor staging.ConclusionsA prognostic nomogram was developed and validated to assist clinicians in evaluating prognosis of LG‐ESS patients.
Unexpected thymoma in a challenging case of hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Raveglia Federico , De Pasquale Loredana , Cioffi Ugo , Ghilardi Giorgio , De Simone Matilde , Falleni Monica , Baisi Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a woman with primary hyperparathyroidism suspected of mediastinal ectopic parathyroid adenoma revealed to be a thymoma. Our aim was to focus on some possible criticisms in distinguishing between ectopic parathyroid and thymus.
Cancer surveillance and distress among adult pathogenic TP53 germline variant carriers in Germany: A multicenter feasibility and acceptance survey
Authors: Rippinger Nathalie , Fischer Christine , Haun Markus W. , Rhiem Kerstin , Grill Sabine , Kiechle Marion , Cremer Friedrich W. , Kast Karin , Nguyen Huu P. , Ditsch Nina , Kratz Christian P. , Vogel Julia , Speiser Dorothee , Hettmer Simone , Glimm Hanno , Fröhling Stefan , Jäger Dirk , Seitz Stephan , Hahne Andrea , Maatouk Imad , Sutter Christian , Schmutzler Rita K. , Dikow Nicola , Schott Sarah 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundLi‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a high‐risk cancer predisposition syndrome caused by pathogenic germline variants of TP53. Cancer surveillance has noted a significant survival advantage in individuals with LFS; however, little is known about the feasibility, acceptance, and psychosocial effects of such a program.MethodsPathogenic TP53 germline variant carriers completed a 7‐part questionnaire evaluating sociodemographics, cancer history, surveillance participation, reasons for nonadherence, worries, and distress adapted from the Cancer Worry Scale. Counselees' common concerns and suggestions were assessed in MAXQDA Analytics Pro 12.ResultsForty‐nine participants (46 females and 3 males), aged 40.0 ± 12.6 years, formed the study population; 43 (88%) had a personal cancer history (including multiple cancers in 10 [20%]). Forty‐three individuals participated (88%) in surveillance during the study or formerly. Willingness to undergo surveillance was influenced by satisfaction with genetic testing and counseling (P = .019 [Fisher‐Yates test]) but not by sociodemographics, cancer history, or distress level. Almost one‐third of the participants reported logistical difficulties in implementing surveillance because of the high frequency of medical visits, scheduling difficulties, and the travel distance to their surveillance providers. Self‐reported distress and perceived emotional burden for family members and partners were moderate (median for self‐reported distress, 3.3; median for perceived emotional burden, 3.0). For both, the interquartile range was moderate to very high (2.7‐3.7 and 3.0‐3.7, respectively).ConclusionsIndividuals with LFS require efficient counseling as well as an accessible, well‐organized, interdisciplinary, standardized surveillance program to increase adherence and psychological coping.
Pyrolysis of Iron‐Containing Polyanilines under Micropore Generation Control: Electrocatalytic Performance in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Dao Quang‐Duy , Inada Yuhi , Daijo Masato , Haneoka Hitoshi , Murakami Yosuke , Eguchi Nao , Amaya Toru , Suzuki Takeyuki , Ohkawa Takafumi , Tsuji Ryotaro , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPyrolyzed iron‐containing polyaniline (C−Fe‐PANI) is one of the most promising candidates as a non‐precious metal based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although the ORR activity depends on the surface area arisen from pyrolysis‐generated micropores on C−Fe‐PANI particles, the micropore generation is hindered by pyrolysis‐formed iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) embedded inside C−Fe‐PANI particles. Here, we demonstrate the pyrolysis of iron‐containing PANIs under suppression of micropore‐generation hindrance by blocking the Fe NPs formation. The higher‐molecular‐weight (MW: 100,000) PANI was dispersed in an FeCl3 solution before pyrolysis for preventing FeCl3 penetration inside PANI particles. As a result, as compared to the case of lower‐MW (5,000) PANI, the Fe NPs formation was more suppressed inside catalyst particles to give 1.9 (1.8) times micropore volume (specific surface area), leading to a 11 % higher current density in ORR electrocatalytic performance test in acidic media.
Dissecting Oligomeric States with Photoactivated Localization Microscopy: A Numerical Model
Authors: Daniels Brian , Wunder Christian , Chen Vanessa , Renz Malte 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough photoactivated localization microscopy offers the potential to interrogate protein interactions in the physiological environment of a cell, uncertainties in the detection efficiency of photoactivatable proteins lead to complications with data interpretation. Here, we present a numerical model that provides probabilities to detect neighboring molecules dependent on their oligomerization status, density, detection efficiency, and radius, and can be used to assess oligomeric states or detection efficiencies of two molecular species. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.