bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple cicérone au Levant ou véritable truchement ? L’interprète dans les récits journalistiques anglo-saxons
Authors: Léger Benoit 
Published: July 2020

Cet article étudie la perception du rôle du fixeur, soit l’interprète professionnel ou ponctuel qui travaille auprès des journalistes étrangers dans une zone de conflit. Robert Fisk, Fred A. Reed, Hugh Pope et Graeme Smith ont couvert le Proche-Orient, l’Asie centrale ou la Turquie pendant des périodes de tensions ou de conflits en faisant appel à des fixeurs qui leur permettent de décrire la situation dans les récits qu’ils publient par la suite. La manière dont ces journalistes décrivent le rôle, la fonction et même l’apparence de leurs fixeurs diffère cependant grandement : certains les mettent au premier plan, évoquant un collaborateur et même une figure parentale, tandis que d’autres mentionnent à peine le besoin d’un médiateur linguistique, et ce, même s’il est évident qu’ils ne maîtrisent pas la langue du pays. La comparaison de ces descriptions du rôle des médiateurs linguistiques éclaire d’un jour nouveau la perception que l’on a de l’interprétation dans les zones de conflit, la fiction d’une communication instantanée entre les langues et, de manière générale, la reconnaissance due aux fixeurs dans le monde du journalisme.
Spermatogenesis is normal in Tex33 knockout mice
Authors: Zhu Zhendong , Zhang Xin , Zeng Wentao , Zhao Shuqin , Zhou Jianli , Zhou Zuomin , Liu Mingxi 
Published: July 2020

Testis expressed gene 33 (Tex33) is a recently reported testis-specific gene and it is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates. The Tex33 expression is found in cytoplasm of round spermatids in Mus musculus. However, the in vivo function of Tex33 remains unknown. In this study, we made a 62bp in frame deletion on Exon2 of Tex33 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in C57B/L6 mouse, which cause frame shift mutation of Tex33 gene. Tex33-/-adult male were fertile, and there is no significant change on litter size compared with male wildtype (Tex33+/+) adult. Besides, no overt differences were found in testis/body weight ratios, testicular/epididymal tissue morphology, sperm counts, sperm morphology and spermatozoa motility in adult Tex33-/-male mice (N = 3), in comparison with Tex33+/+ adult (N = 3). TUNEL assay also indicates the germ cells apoptosis ratio was not significantly changed in adult Tex33-/- adult male mouse testis (N = 3), compared with adult Tex33+/+ male (N = 3). Importantly, the first wave of elongating spermatids formation happens in 5w old mice. We find that the first wave of spermiogenesis is not disrupted in both 5-week-old Tex33+/+ and Tex33-/-male mouse testes and three hallmarks of spermatogenesis, PLZF,γ-H2AX and TNP1, are all detectable in seminiferous tubule. All results indicate that Tex33 is a redundant gene to spermatogenesis. This study can help other researchers avoid repetitive works on redundant genes.
A physically meaningful relationship between R50% and PTV surface area in lung SBRT
Authors: Desai Dharmin D. , Cordrey Ivan L. , Johnson E. L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeWe propose a novel understanding of two characteristics of the planning target volume (PTV) that affect the intermediate‐dose spill in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) as measured by R50%. This phantom model research investigates two characteristics of the PTV that have a marked effect on the value of R50%: the mean dose deposited within the PTV (Dav) and the surface area of the PTV (SAPTV).MethodsUsing a phantom model provided by a CT of the IROC Thorax‐Lung Phantom® (IROC Houston QA Center, Houston, TX) and Eclipse® Treatment Planning System (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), we investigate the two characteristics for spherical and cylindrical PTVs. A total of 135 plans with tightly controlled PTV characteristics are employed. A lower bound for R50% (R50%min∆r) is derived and clearly establishes a relationship between R50% and SAPTV that has not been fully appreciated previously.ResultsThe study of PTV Dav revealed a local minimum for R50% as a function of the PTV Dav at Dav ≈ 110% of Rx dose. As PTV Dav increases above this local minimum, R50% increases; while for PTV Dav less than this local minimum, the R50% value also increases. The study of PTV surface area (SAPTV) demonstrated that as the SAPTV increases, the R50% increases if the PTV volume stays the same. The SAPTV result is predicted by the theoretical investigation that yields the R50% lower bound, R50%min∆r.ConclusionsThis research has identified two characteristics of the PTV that have a marked influence on R50%: PTV Dav and SAPTV. These characteristics have not been clearly articulated in the vast body of previous research in SBRT. These results could help explain plans that cannot meet the RTOG criteria for R50%. With further development, these concepts could be extended to provide additional guidance for creating acceptable SBRT plans.
Highly Flexible and Self‐Healable Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors Based on MWCNTs‐RGO Fibers
Authors: Ni Tong , Wang Siliang , Shi Junjie , Du Xiaoyu , Cheng Qinghua , Dong Ziyan , Ruan Limin , Zeng Wei , Guo Xiaohui , Ren Xingang , Huang Zhixiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the flexible wearable devices are developing rapidly, the requirement for energy storage devices with high energy and power density, excellent flexibility, and high reliability is increasing. Fiber‐shaped supercapacitors offering high power density and excellent flexibility have attracted widespread attention. However, the low energy density and poor reliability limit the practical application of these fiber‐shaped supercapacitors. To overcome these problems, a new zinc‐ion hybrid fiber supercapacitor (ZHFSC) is designed and realized. As both capacitor‐type and battery‐type energy storage mechanisms can be used, the energy density of ZHFSC is expected to be improved. Furthermore, the excellent self‐healability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous gel electrolyte contributes to the high reliability of the ZHFSC. As a proof of concept, the maximum power density and energy density of the ZHFSC are, respectively, as high as 1433.2 mW cm−3 and 13.1 mWh cm−3, and the capacitance retention, respectively, has the high values of 87.8% and 70.5% under the bending degree of 150° and after the fifth self‐healing. This study offers an efficient method to realize the high‐performance supercapacitors for flexible wearable devices in the future.
Electromagnetic Pulse Powered by a Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Applications in Accurate Self‐Powered Sensing and Security
Authors: Zhang Steven L. , Roach Devin J. , Xu Sixing , Wang Peng , Zhang Weiqiang , Qi H. Jerry , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent advances in the Internet of Things (IoTs) technology have accelerated the realization of micro or nano systems that necessitate not only the development of a self‐powered sensing system, but also devices that are able to protect personal security. Here, a direct ink write (DIW) 3D‐printed ultrathin fuse is fabricated and coupled with a high performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). By triggering the high‐AC voltage TENG with a low‐frequency sliding motion, the fuse, which initially has low resistance, can instantly transition from a short‐circuit state to an open circuit state. Utilizing this method, a variety of self‐powered applications can be realized. Here, the first triboelectric, fully self‐powered system is demonstrated, which can accurately detect package drops without the use of a computing element or an external power source. In addition, by coupling the TENG, 3D printed fuse, and logic circuit elements, a self‐powered security device is developed, in which users are able to quickly change sensitive information if it is at risk of exposure by a single sliding motion on the TENG.
Superhydrophobic Cellulose Paper‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Water Drop Energy Harvesting
Authors: Nie Shuangxi , Guo Hengyu , Lu Yanxu , Zhuo Jingting , Mo Jilong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe high‐efficiency conversion of water drop mechanical energy into electrical energy has always been an urgent issue in the development and utilization of raindrop energy. In this work, a novel drum‐like triboelectric nanogenerator (D‐TENG) with robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic features is developed to harvest water drop energy. An elastic superhydrophobic cellulose paper is created by spray‐coating nanofumed silica dispersed in a thermoplastic elastomer solution, followed by treatment with triethoxy‐1H,1H,2H,2H‐tridecafluoro‐n‐octylsilane. When raindrops hit the D‐TENG surface, the superhydrophobic cellulose paper will vibrate and periodic contact and separation with polytetrafluoroethylene will occur to generate electricity. The results demonstrate that when a 6 mm water drop falls from a height of 2.5 m and hits the D‐TENG, the generated voltage output can reach a peak of 21.6 V and charge transfer of 10 nC. The output power of the D‐TENG can reach 16 µW per droplet, which is more than 13.3 times that generated from the previous TENGs based on the electrostatic induction of water droplets. These results indicate that the superhydrophobic cellulose paper‐based D‐TENG is potentially a strong candidate for harvesting energy from raindrops, thereby making it a promising sustainable energy source for next‐generation electronics.
Chemosteometric regression models of heat exposed human bones to determine their pre‐burnt metric dimensions
Authors: Gonçalves David , Vassalo Ana R. , Makhoul Calil , Piga Giampaolo , Mamede Adriana P. , Parker Stewart F. , Ferreira Maria T. , Cunha Eugenia , Marques Maria P. M. , de Carvalho Luís A. E. Batista 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesHeat exposure can lead to apparently random osteometric changes that hinder the application of metric methods used for biological profiling. The impracticality of using objective and burn‐specific osteometric methods reduces the chances of establishing the biological profiles of unknown individuals based on their skeletal remains. We investigated the potential of chemometry analysis based on infrared spectroscopy to predict the amount of heat‐induced osteometric changes and how this reflected into sex estimation.Material and methodsBones from 41 identified adult skeletons (24 females and 17 males with ages between 62 and 90 years old) were experimentally burnt to maximum temperatures ranging from 450°C to 1,100°C (attained after 65 to 240 min). Measurements were taken both before and after each experiment and powder samples were analyzed through FTIR‐ATR. Correlations among heat‐induced metric changes and chemometric indices (crystallinity index; B‐type carbonates; carbonate [A + B] to carbonate B ratio; hydroxyl to phosphate ratio; 630 cm−1, 1450 cm−1, 3572 cm−1, and 3642 cm−1) were tested. Significant variables were used to build regression models to predict heat‐induced metric change which were then tested on an independent set of samples. Agreement in sex estimation between the pre‐ and post‐burnt samples was also evaluated.ResultsAll indices were significantly correlated to heat‐induced metric changes (α = .01) and the highest correlations were obtained for the 630 cm−1, 3572 cm−1, and crystallinity index. We confirmed that regression models based on chemometrics obtained from infrared spectra through FTIR‐ATR are better at estimating heat‐induced metric changes affecting bone and at sexing remains than other osteometric methods such as those based on correction factors or on metric references specific to calcined bones.DiscussionRegression models avoid the subjectivity associated with the application of other methods. While the latter can be applied only to calcined bones, which is difficult to assess sometimes, regression models can be applied to all bones regardless of their condition. Also, regression models have the advantage of allowing to infer about heat‐induced metric change on a case‐by‐case basis.
CeO2 hollow nanosphere for catalytic synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol: The effect of cavity effect on catalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Jingyang , Huang Shouying , Zhao Yujun , Ma Xinbin , Wang Shengping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHollow nanosphere structure has a favorable catalytic performance in catalysis. Not only the large specific surface area, excellent mass transfer ability but also the special cavity structure. This particular structure was applied in the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO2 and methanol. A series of CeO2 hollow spheres of varying sizes and shell numbers were fabricated via a facile hard template method. Large specific surface area and exposed active crystal planes gave it the favorable activity. It is also found that a region with high reactant concentration and high density of active sites can be formed inside the hollow spheres. A hollow sphere model was established to help explore the relationship between cavity structure and activity performance. By using dimensional model and function fitting methods, it is demonstrated that the catalytic activity is positively correlated with the number of active sites in per unit volume of the cavity.
Excavating the unique synergism of nanofibers and carbon black in Natural rubber based tire tread composition
Authors: Parameswaran Surya Koodappuzha , Bhattacharya Sanjay , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Naskar Kinsuk , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article portrays the synergistic reinforcement of new generation nanofillers such as silicon carbide nanofibers (SiCs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphite nanofibers (GNFs) when used along with carbon black (CB) in a typical tire tread composition. The unique synergism in these composites, which were fabricated by a liquid phase mixing method, was reflected in their enhanced failure resistance and dynamic mechanical properties. At 4 phr loading of the nanofiber, the tensile strength, tear strength, modulus at 300% elongation, storage modulus, rolling resistance, and abrasion resistance were improved by 29, 45, 36, 110, 15, and 14%, respectively. The role of nanofibers in the development of a hybrid microstructure was investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Tribological characteristics were studied using a Laboratory Abrasion Tester (LAT 100), and the abrasion loss of the samples was correlated with energy dissipation occurring during the process. The fatigue properties indicated the ability of the CB‐nanofiber dual filler system to arrest crack growth. The study also serves to establish a correlation between the wear loss and fatigue properties of the hybrid nanocomposites containing different fibrous nanofillers. A mechanism of reinforcement by hybrid fillers is proposed.
Incorporatingin situprey distribution into foraging habitat modelling for marine megafauna in the Solor waters of the Savu Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Putra Mochamad Iqbal Herwata , Mustika Putu Liza Kusuma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany marine animals aggregate seasonally at predictable locations to exploit their prey in oligotrophic environments, making them vulnerable to human disturbance.The foraging strategies and habitats of manta rays andStenellaspp. in the Solor waters were largely unknown, despite the importance of this information for their effective management, e.g. through the establishment of marine protected areas in this region.Over the last few decades, the use of foraging habitat models in describing the foraging strategy and delineating the predicted habitats has grown in popularity. However, most of these studies have relied on remotely sensed data such as sea surface chlorophyll‐ato estimate prey distribution. Very few studies have used the distribution ofin situprey, which is that closer to the trophic level of modelled species, although such a strategy would improve model performance.The study compares foraging habitat model performance for manta rays andStenellaspp. in the waters of Solor using remotely sensed sea surface chlorophyll‐aconcentrations andin situzooplankton biomass as proxies for prey quantities and distribution. A Maximum Entropy model that integrated species sightings with environmental predictors was used to quantify the importance of predictors in explaining habitat preference and distribution of manta rays andStenellaspp. and to compare model performance and predict foraging habitats.Results indicate that the use of prey proxy closer to the trophic level of examined species improve model performance, ecological explanations, and spatial predictions.The zooplankton biomass distribution performed much better in explaining the manta rays' habitats compared to that ofStenellaspp., indicating that a trophic level gap might influence the zooplankton's ability to predict foraging habitats ofStenellaspp.This study highlights the importance of integrating foraging habitat models into marine protected area design to ensure the effectiveness of species management.
Defect‐Rich Copper‐doped Ruthenium Hollow Nanoparticles for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Liang Jiashun , Zhu Lixing , Chen Shaoqing , Priest Cameron , Liu Xuan , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Wu Gang , Li Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is of great importance to develop highly eﬃcient and stable Pt‐free catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen generation from water electrolysis. Here, monodisperse 7.5 nm copper‐doped ruthenium hollow nanoparticles (NPs) with abundant defects and amorphous/crystalline hetero‐phases were prepared and employed as efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolyte. Specifically, these NPs only require a low overpotential of 25 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH and show acceptable stability after 2000 potential cycles, which represents one of the best Ru‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Mechanism analysis indicates that Cu incorporation can modify the electronic structure of Ru shell, thereby optimizing the energy barrier for water adsorption and dissociation processes or H adsorption/desorption. Cu doping paired with the defect‐rich and highly open hollow structure of the NPs greatly enhances hydrogen evolution activity.
Modulation of Nuclearity in CuII−MnII Complexes of a N2O2 Donor Ligand Depending upon Carboxylate Anions: Structures, Magnetic Properties and Catalytic Oxidase Activities
Authors: Ganguly Sayantan , Mayans Júlia , Ghosh Ashutosh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThree new hetero‐metallic copper(II)‐manganese(II) complexes, [(CuL)2Mn3(C6H5CO2)6] (1), [(CuL)2Mn(CH3CO2)2] (2), and {[(CuL)2Mn(C6H5CH2CO2)2] ⋅ 2CH3CN} (3), have been synthesized using [CuL] as ‘‘metalloligand’’ (where H2L=N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxynaphthyl‐methylidene)‐1,3‐propanediamine). Single‐crystal structural analyses show an almost linear penta‐nuclear structure for complex 1 where a square planar [CuL] unit is connected to each of the two terminal MnII ions of a linear, centrosymmetric [Mn3(benzoate)6] unit through the double phenoxido bridges. Both complexes 2 and 3 possess a linear tri‐nuclear structure where two terminal square‐pyramidal [CuL] units are bonded to the central MnII ion through double phenoxido oxygen atoms along with a syn‐syn bridging acetate (for 2)/phenyl acetate (for 3). All three complexes exhibit catecholase, and phenoxazinone synthase‐like activities under aerial conditions. For catecholase like activity, the turnover numbers (kcat) are 595, 40, and 205 h−1 whereas, for phenoxazinone synthase like activity, the turnover numbers are 25, 4, and 11 h−1 for complexes 1–3, respectively. The mechanism of both catalytic oxidase activities is proposed on the basis of mass spectral evidences. Variable‐temperature (2–300 K) dc molar magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 reveal antiferromagnetic interactions between the Cu−Mn centres (J1=−29.3 cm−1), and also between the Mn−Mn centres of the [Mn3(benzoate)6] unit (J2=−0.68 cm−1). On increasing the magnetic field at 2 K, its ground spin state changes from S=3/2 to S=5/2 at 4 T, attributable to the low value of J2 which makes the excited spin states close in energy with the ground spin state. Complexes 2 and 3 show antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between the Cu−Mn pairs with J values of −9.51, and −5.32 cm−1, respectively.
Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts
Authors: Ji Yu , Garland Michael A. , Sun Bo , Zhang Shuwen , Reynolds Kurt , McMahon Moira , Rajakumar Ratheya , Islam Mohammad S. , Liu Yue , Chen YiPing , Zhou Chengji J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
Empirical Bayes small area prediction under a zero‐inflated lognormal model with correlated random area effects
Authors: Lyu Xiaodan , Berg Emily J. , Hofmann Heike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany variables of interest in agricultural or economical surveys have skewed distributions and can equal zero. Our data are measures of sheet and rill erosion called Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation ‐ 2 (RUSLE2). Small area estimates of mean RUSLE2 erosion are of interest. We use a zero‐inflated lognormal mixed effects model for small area estimation. The model combines a unit‐level lognormal model for the positive RUSLE2 responses with a unit‐level logistic mixed effects model for the binary indicator that the response is nonzero. In the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) data, counties with a higher probability of nonzero responses also tend to have a higher mean among the positive RUSLE2 values. We capture this property of the data through an assumption that the pair of random effects for a county are correlated. We develop empirical Bayes (EB) small area predictors and a bootstrap estimator of the mean squared error (MSE). In simulations, the proposed predictor is superior to simpler alternatives. We then apply the method to construct EB predictors of mean RUSLE2 erosion for South Dakota counties. To obtain auxiliary variables for the population of cropland in South Dakota, we integrate a satellite‐derived land cover map with a geographic database of soil properties. We provide an R Shiny application called viscover (available at https://lyux.shinyapps.io/viscover/) to visualize the overlay operations required to construct the covariates. On the basis of bootstrap estimates of the mean square error, we conclude that the EB predictors of mean RUSLE2 erosion are superior to direct estimators.