bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Pacific Islanders Stopped Worrying about the Apocalypse and Started Fighting Climate Change
Authors: Kirsch Stuart 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis article questions the hierarchical assumptions of theories of “traveling models” by examining how politicians and environmental activists from the three major regions of the Pacific have contributed to global climate change policy regimes. The Marshall Islands successfully lobbied the international climate change community to ensure that the signatories to the Paris Agreement are committed to keeping the global temperature rise during the current century to “well below” 2°C, while “pursuing efforts” to limit the average temperature increase to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels. In its role as the host of the twenty‐third annual Conference of the Parties to the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Fiji drew on the self‐scaling Pacific speech genre of talanoa to facilitate dialogue and cooperation between the signatories of the Paris Agreement. The successful institution of Talanoa Dialogues at UN climate change meetings was not just a branding exercise, but an ideological project of encompassment. Although the Solomon Islands has a lower international profile, its responses to climate change suggest new ways of thinking about the relationship between local environmental knowledge and scientific models, and provides valuable feedback on new forms of aid focused on adaptation. [climate change, traveling theory, talanoa, Pacific Islands, United Nations]
Palatability and physicochemical properties of sausages prepared via lactic acid fermentation and drying at low temperature
Authors: Murahashi Takayuki , Nagasawa Mao , Haga Seiichi , Hayashi Toshiya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the palatability of sausages undergoing low‐temperature fermentation and drying process. Lactobacillus sakei D‐1001 or Lactobacillus salivarius A001 were used as starter cultures for fermentation, and the following properties of the sausages were investigated: colony‐forming units of lactic acid bacteria; concentrations of lactic acid, protein, peptides, and free amino acids; distribution of protein; composition of free amino acids; and physical properties and taste. Alterations in the composition of proteins, peptides, and free amino acids as well as in various physical properties were caused by fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. A sensory test indicated that the palatability of the fermented sausages was greater than that of the non‐fermented sausages, particularly in terms of hardness and juiciness. This was considered to be due to protein degeneration and changes in the physical properties of the sausages as a result of fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. However, the taste of the fermented sausages was sourer than that of the non‐fermented sausages, and therefore, inferior. Our study revealed that the palatability of the sausages in terms of hardness and juiciness were increased by low‐temperature fermentation by lactic acid bacteria and the drying process.
RBPJ contributes to the malignancy of glioblastoma and induction of proneural‐mesenchymal transition via IL‐6‐STAT3 pathway
Authors: Zhang Guangtao , Tanaka Shingo , Jiapaer Shabierjiang , Sabit Hemragul , Tamai Sho , Kinoshita Masashi , Nakada Mitsutoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNotch signaling plays a pivotal role in many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ) is a key transcription factor of the Notch signaling pathway. Here, we interrogated the function of RBPJ in GBM. Firstly, RBPJ expression of GBM samples was examined. Then, we knocked down RBPJ expression in 2 GBM cell lines (U251 and T98) and 4 glioblastoma (GBM) stem‐like cell lines derived from surgical samples of GBM (KGS01, KGS07, KGS10 and KGS15) to investigate the effect on cell proliferation, invasion, stemness, and tumor formation ability. Expression of possible downstream targets of RBPJ was also assessed. RBPJ was overexpressed in the GBM samples, downregulation of RBPJ reduced cell proliferation and the invasion ability of U251 and T98 cells and cell proliferation ability and stemness of glioblastoma stem‐like cells (GSC) lines. These were accompanied by reduced IL‐6 expression, reduced activation of STAT3, and inhibited proneural‐mesenchymal transition (PMT). Tumor formation and PMT were also impaired by RBPJ knockdown in vivo. In conclusion, RBPJ promotes cell proliferation, invasion, stemness, and tumor initiation ability in GBM cells through enhanced activation of IL‐6‐STAT3 pathway and PMT, inhibition of RBPJ may constitute a prospective treatment for GBM.
The effects of political competition on the funding of public‐sector pension plans
Authors: Bagchi Sutirtha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn politically competitive jurisdictions, there can be strong electoral incentives to underfund public pensions in order to keep current taxes low. I examine this hypothesis using panel data for over 2,000 local pension plans from Pennsylvania spanning the period 1985–2017. The results suggest that more politically competitive municipalities tend to have pension plans that are less funded. The effects of political competition are driven by municipalities that have a higher proportion of uninformed voters and are absent for pension plans offered by municipal authorities. The negative relationship between political competition and funding status is present for state pensions as well.
Emerging benefits of Fc fusion technology in the context of recombinant factor VIII replacement therapy
Authors: Meeks Shannon L. , Lacroix‐Desmazes Sébastien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough the primary reason for recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) development was to reduce treatment burden associated with routine prophylaxis, new evidence suggests additional benefits of Fc fusion technology in the treatment of people with haemophilia A. Preclinical research has been utilized to characterize the potential immunomodulatory properties of rFVIIIFc, including an ability to reduce inflammation and induce tolerance to factor VIII. This has since been expanded into clinical research in immune tolerance induction (ITI) with rFVIIIFc, results of which suggest the potential for rapid tolerization in first‐time ITI patients and therapeutic benefit in patients undergoing rescue ITI. The potential for improved joint health through the anti‐inflammatory properties of rFVIIIFc has also been suggested. In addition, a new avenue of research into the role of rFVIIIFc in promoting bone health in patients with haemophilia A, potentially through reduced osteoclast formation, has yielded encouraging results that support further study. This review summarizes the existing preclinical and clinical studies of immunomodulation and tolerization with rFVIIIFc, as well as studies in joint and bone health, to elucidate the potential benefits of rFVIIIFc in haemophilia A beyond the extension of factor VIII half‐life.
2019 update of the European AIDS Clinical Society Guidelines for treatment of people living with HIV version 10.0
Authors: Ryom L , Cotter A , De Miguel R , Béguelin C , Podlekareva D , Arribas JR , Marzolini C , Mallon PGM , Rauch A , Kirk O , Molina JM , Guaraldi G , Winston A , Bhagani S , Cinque P , Kowalska JD , Collins S , Battegay M ,   the EACS Governing Board
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) Guidelines cover key aspects of HIV management with major updates every two years.Guideline highlightsThe 2019 Guidelines were extended with a new section focusing on drug–drug interactions and other prescribing issues in people living with HIV (PLWH). The recommendations for treatment‐naïve PLWH were updated with four preferred regimens favouring unboosted integrase inhibitors. A two‐drug regimen with dolutegravir and lamivudine, and a three‐drug regimen including doravirine were also added to the recommended initial regimens. Lower thresholds for hypertension were expanded to all PLWH and for cardiovascular disease prevention, the 10‐year predicted risk threshold for consideration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) modification was lowered from 20% to 10%. Frailty and obesity were added as new topics. It was specified to use urine albumin to creatinine ratio to screen for glomerular disease and urine protein to creatinine ratio for tubular diseases, and thresholds were streamlined with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) recommendations. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment recommendations were split into preferred and alternative treatment options. The algorithm for management of recently acquired HCV infection was updated and includes recommendations for early chronic infection management. Treatment of resistant tuberculosis (TB) was streamlined with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, and new tables on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, on when to start ART in the presence of opportunistic infections and on TB drug dosing were included.ConclusionsThe EACS Guidelines underwent major revisions of all sections in 2019. They are available in four different formats including a new interactive web‐based version and are translated into Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish.
Development of a nomogram for the prediction of periodontal tooth loss using the staging and grading system: A long‐term cohort study
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Troiano Giuseppe , Qazi Musa , Saleh Muhammad H.A. , Lo Russo Lucio , Greenwell Henry , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and internally validate a nomogram built on a multivariate prediction model including parameters from the new classification of periodontal diseases, able to predict, at baseline, the occurrence of tooth loss due to periodontal reason (TLP).Materials and MethodsA total of 315 individuals diagnosed with periodontal disease and receiving a minimum of one annual supportive periodontal therapy visit were included in the study. Patients were staged and graded based upon baseline data. The population was divided into a development (254 patients) and a validation (61 patients) cohort to allow subsequent temporal validation of the model. According to the TLP at the 10‐year follow‐up, patients were categorized as “low tooth loss” (≤ 1 TLP) or “high tooth loss” (≥ 2 TLP). Bootstrap internal validation was performed on the whole data set to calculate an optimism‐corrected estimate of performance.ResultsThe generated nomogram showed a strong predictive capability (AUC = 0.81) and good calibration with an intercept = 0 and slope = 1. These findings were confirmed by internal validation using bootstrapping (average bootstrap AUC = 0.83).ConclusionsThe clinical implementation of the present nomogram guides the prediction of patients with high risk of disease progression and subsequent tooth loss for personalized care.
Association of time in range, as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring, with painful diabetic polyneuropathy
Authors: Yang Junpeng , Yang Xueli , Zhao Dongni , Wang Xiaobing , Wei Wei , Yuan Huijuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the association between time in range (TIR) obtained from continuous glucose monitoring and the prevalence and degree of painful diabetic neuropathy.Materials and MethodsA total of 364 individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were enrolled in this study. Sensor‐based flash glucose monitoring systems were used to monitor the participants’ glucose levels, and the glycemic variability metrics were calculated, including the TIR, glucose coefficient of variation, standard deviation and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions. The participants were asked to record any form of pain during the 2 weeks of monitoring, and score the pain every day on a numerical rating scale. Based on the numerical rating scale, the patients were divided into the pain‐free group, mild pain group and moderate/severe pain group.ResultsOverall, 51.92% (189/364) of the participants were diagnosed with painful diabetic neuropathy. Compared with the pain‐free group, the level of TIR decreased significantly in the mild pain and moderate/severe pain groups (P < 0.05). The prevalence of mild pain and moderate/severe pain decreased with increasing TIR quartiles (all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that TIR was significantly negatively correlated with the numerical rating scale score after adjustment for glycated hemoglobin, glycemic variability indicators and other risk factors (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that a decreasing level of TIR was significantly associated with an increasing risk of any pain and moderate/severe pain (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTIR is correlated with painful diabetic neuropathy and is underscored as a valuable clinical evaluation measure.
A rare Waxy allele coordinately improves rice eating and cooking quality and grain transparency
Authors: Zhang Changquan , Yang Yong , Chen Shengjie , Liu Xueju , Zhu Jihui , Zhou Lihui , Lu Yan , Li Qianfeng , Fan Xiaolei , Tang Shuzhu , Gu Minghong , Liu Qiaoquan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn rice (Oryza sativa), amylose content (AC) is the major factor that determines eating and cooking quality (ECQ). The diversity in AC is largely attributed to natural allelic variation at the Waxy (Wx) locus. Here we identified a rare Wx allele, Wxmw, which combines a favorable AC, improved ECQ and grain transparency. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of Wx genomic sequences from 370 rice accessions, we speculated that Wxmw may have derived from recombination between two important natural Wx alleles, Wxin and Wxb. We validated the effects of Wxmw on rice grain quality using both transgenic lines and near‐isogenic lines (NILs). When introgressed into the japonica Nipponbare (NIP) background, Wxmw resulted in a moderate AC that was intermediate between that of NILs carrying the Wxb allele and NILs with the Wxmp allele. Notably, mature grains of NILs fixed for Wxmw had an improved transparent endosperm relative to soft rice. Further, we introduced Wxmw into a high‐yielding japonica cultivar via molecular marker‐assisted selection: the introgressed lines exhibited clear improvements in ECQ and endosperm transparency. Our results suggest that Wxmw is a promising allele to improve grain quality, especially ECQ and grain transparency of high‐yielding japonica cultivars, in rice breeding programs.
The claustrum of the sheep and its connections to the visual cortex
Authors: Pirone Andrea , Graïc Jean‐Marie , Grisan Enrico , Cozzi Bruno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study analyses the organization and selected neurochemical features of the claustrum and visual cortex of the sheep, based on the patterns of calcium‐binding proteins expression. Connections of the claustrum with the visual cortex have been studied by tractography. Parvalbumin‐immunoreactive (PV‐ir) and Calbindin‐immunoreactive (CB‐ir) cell bodies increased along the rostro‐caudal axis of the nucleus. Calretinin (CR)‐labeled somata were few and evenly distributed along the rostro‐caudal axis. PV and CB distribution in the visual cortex was characterized by larger round and multipolar cells for PV, and more bitufted neurons for CB. The staining pattern for PV was the opposite of that of CR, which showed densely stained but rare cell bodies.Tractography shows the existence of connections with the caudal visual cortex. However, we detected no contralateral projection in the visuo‐claustral interconnections. Since sheep and goats have laterally placed eyes and a limited binocular vision, the absence of contralateral projections could be of prime importance if confirmed by other studies, to rule out the role of the claustrum in stereopsis.
Randomized controlled open‐label study of the effect of vitamin E supplementation on fertility in clomiphene citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Morsy Ahmed A. , Sabri Nagwa A. , Mourad Abdelrehim M. , Mojahed Eman M. , Shawki May A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of vitamin E on ovulation and pregnancy in women with clomiphene citrate (CC)‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA prospective, randomized, controlled, open label study was conducted on women with CC‐resistant PCOS. Patients were randomized, to either control group (n = 30), who received metformin 500 mg thrice daily, in addition to 150 mg/day CC for 5 days starting from day 3 of menstruation for three menstruation cycles, or vitamin E group (n = 30) who received vitamin E 1500 IU/day for the whole study period in addition to metformin and CC with the same previous regimen. The primary outcome was cumulative ovulation rate, while secondary outcomes were pregnancy rate, serum midluteal progesterone, mean follicular diameter, number of dominant follicles and endometrial thickness.ResultsOvulation was reported in 57 (64.8%) of 88 cycles in the control group and 63 (73.3%) of 86 cycles in the vitamin E group (P = 0.227), while pregnancy was reported in 4 (4.5%) of 88 cycles in the control group and 6 (7%) of 86 cycles in the vitamin E group (P = 0.491).There were nonsignificant differences between groups regarding serum midluteal progesterone, number of dominant follicles and mean follicular diameter. Endometrial thickness was significantly higher in the vitamin E group compared to the control group.ConclusionThe findings of this trial do not support the hypothesis that vitamin E may increase the ovulation and pregnancy rates in women with clomiphene citrate‐resistant PCOS.
Connecting Models of Family Stress to Inequality: Parental Arrest and Family Life
Authors: Turney Kristin , Sugie Naomi F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe expand upon family stress models, highlighting how stressors are structured by broader contexts of social inequality, to understand how criminal justice contact is associated with family functioning.BackgroundWe draw attention to two stages of existing family stress models. First, exposure to family stressors isdifferential, based on status positions within the social structure. Second, stressors influence families via two types of stress proliferation—from one individual to the family unit and from primary to secondary stressors—that are both shaped by social inequality.MethodTo empirically illustrate this framework, we use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,074) to provide the first systematic examination of the relationship between one commonly experienced stressor, parental arrest, and family life.ResultsThe findings document the differential social patterning of mothers' and fathers' arrest for families. Mothers' recent arrest (but not fathers' recent arrest) is a primary familial stressor, with these associations concentrated among partnerships that were residential (rather than nonresidential) prior to arrest. Mothers' arrest engenders the secondary stressor of material hardship, and together the primary and secondary stressors are associated with increased relationship dissolution, decreased relationship quality, and decreased coparenting.ConclusionsBy highlighting unequal exposure to stressors and differential consequences of stressors, we suggest that the family stress model can explain inequality between families.
The hidden costs of a hidden smile: The value of preventive care from the patient's perspective
Authors: Ward Katie , Briddon Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA culture of oral health neglect and one chipped tooth led Christine Collins to a devastating series of conditions that affected her physical and emotional well‐being. The costs of this culture on a person's individual health – and the health‐care system as a whole – demonstrate the true value of preventive oral health care.
Taxonomic Variability in the Electron Requirement for Carbon Fixation Across Marine Phytoplankton
Authors: Hughes David J. , Giannini Fernanda C. , Ciotti Aurea M. , Doblin Martina A. , Ralph Peter J. , Varkey Deepa , Verma Arjun , Suggett David J. 
Published: September 2020

Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry (FRRf) has been increasingly used to measure marine primary productivity by oceanographers to understand how carbon (C) uptake patterns vary over space and time in the global ocean. As FRRf measures electron transport rates through photosystem II (ETRPSII), a critical, but difficult to predict conversion factor termed the “electron requirement for carbon fixation” (Φe,C) is needed to scale ETRPSII to C‐fixation rates. Recent studies have generally focused on understanding environmental regulation of Φe,C, while taxonomic control has been explored by only a handful of laboratory studies encompassing a limited diversity of phytoplankton species. We therefore assessed Φe,C for a wide range of marine phytoplankton (n = 17 strains) spanning multiple taxonomic and size classes. Data mined from previous studies were further considered to determine whether Φe,C variability could be explained by taxonomy versus other phenotypic traits influencing growth and physiological performance (e.g., cell size). We found that Φe,C exhibited considerable variability (~4–10 mol e‐ · [mol C]−1) and was negatively correlated with growth rate (R2 = 0.7, P < 0.01). Diatoms exhibited a lower Φe,C compared to chlorophytes during steady‐state, nutrient‐replete growth. Inclusion of meta‐analysis data did not find significant relationships between Φe,C and class, or growth rate, although confounding factors inherent to methodological inconsistencies between studies likely contributed to this. Knowledge of empirical relationships between Φe,C and growth rate coupled with recent improvements in quantifying phytoplankton growth rates in situ, facilitate up‐scaling of FRRf campaigns to routinely derive Φe,C needed to assess ocean C‐cycling.
Microbial and host‐derived biomarker changes during ligature‐induced and spontaneous peri‐implantitis in the Beagle dog
Authors: Monje Alberto , Eick Sigrun , Buser Daniel , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate microbial and host‐derived biomarker changes during experimental peri‐implantitis in the Beagle dog.BackgroundLimited data exist on the microbial and biomarker changes during progressive bone loss as result of experimental peri‐implantitis.MethodsIn total, 36 implants (ndogs = 6) were assessed over 3 episodes of ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis followed by a period of spontaneous progression. Implants with hybrid (H) and completely rough (R) surface designs were used. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at 4 timepoints. Peri‐implant sulcus fluid was collected from the buccal and lingual aspects of the implants. The presence of 7 bacterial species and 2 host‐derived biomarkers was assessed during the study period.ResultsTotal bacterial counts were significantly correlated with marginal bone loss (MBL) (r = .21; P = .009). Further, Phorphyromonas gulae (Pg) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) were commonly correlated with MBL, suppuration (SUP) and the sulcular bleeding index scores (mSBI) (P < .05). Other bacteria were further correlated with SUP, mSBI, and MBL. While the analyzed bacteria dropped, Prevotella intermedia (Pi) further increased during the spontaneous progressive phase (P < .05). Total bacterial load did not differ significantly between H and R implants. Host‐derived IL‐10 was undetected along the study period. IL‐1β positively correlated with probing pocket depth (r = .18; P = .03). During spontaneous progression, H implants displayed statistically significant lower levels of IL‐1β (P = .003).ConclusionExperimental peri‐implantitis is associated with an increase in bacterial counts. While Pg and Tf are associated with ligature‐induced disease progression, Pi augmented its load during the spontaneous progressive phase. IL‐1β is associated with pocket probing depth and influenced by implant surface characteristics during the spontaneous progression phase.