bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Polymer-Induced Fouling of Heater Tubes in the First-Ever Polymer Flood Pilot on Alaska North Slope
Authors: Dhaliwal Anshul , Zhang Yin , Dandekar Abhijit , Ning Samson , Barnes John , Edwards Reid , Schulpen Walbert , Cercone David , Ciferno Jared 
Published: October 2020

Summary
Polymer flooding is being pilot tested for the first time in the Schrader Bluff viscous oil reservoir at the Milne Point Field on Alaska North Slope (ANS). One of the major concerns of the operator is the impact of polymer on the oil production system after polymer breakthrough, especially the polymer-induced fouling issues in the heat exchanger. This study investigates the propensity of polymer fouling on the heater tubes as a function of different variables, with the ultimate goal of determining safe and efficient operating conditions. A unique experimental setup was designed and developed in-house to simulate the fouling process on the heating tube. The influence of heating tube skin temperature, tube material, and polymer concentration on fouling tendency was investigated. Each test was run five times with the same tube, and in each run, the freshly prepared synthetic brine and polymer solution was heated from 77°F to 122°F to mimic field-operating conditions. The heating time and fouling amount were recorded for each run. Cloud point measurement has also been conducted to find the critical temperature at which the polymer in solution becomes unstable and precipitates out. The morphology and composition of the deposit samples were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. It was found that the presence of polymer in produced fluids would aggravate the fouling issues on both carbon steel and stainless steel surfaces at all tested skin temperatures. Only higher skin temperatures of 250°F and 350°F could cause polymer-induced fouling issues on the copper tube surface, and the fouling tendency increased with polymer concentration. At the lower skin temperatures of 165°F, no polymer-induced fouling was identified on the copper tube. A critical temperature that is related to the cloud point of the polymer solution was believed to exist, below which polymer-induced fouling would not occur and only mineral scale was deposited but above which the polymer would aggravate the fouling issue. The cloud point of the tested polymer solution was determined to be between 220°F and 230°F. From a practical safer design standpoint, we recommend a value of 220°F for operational purposes on the pilot site. The heating efficiency of the tube would be decreased gradually as more fouling material accumulates on its surface. If polymer precipitated and deposited on the surface, it would bond to the mineral crystals to form a robust three-dimensional network structure, resulting in a rigid polymer-induced fouling. The study results have provided practical guidance to the field operator for the ongoing polymer flooding pilot test on ANS.
Large Perforating Gun System Deployed Using Electric Line: Single 41 m Run of 7 in., 12 spf Deep Penetration Charge
Authors: Sedlacek Ariel , Acosta Jaider , Fernandez Ricardo , DA SILVA Gilmar Ribeiro , DA SILVA André Luís 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the ultradeepwater oil and gas market, operators demand reliability and efficiency in all technical disciplines involved during the entire life cycle from exploration through decommissioning stages. In the perforating segment, specifically, recent technological advancements have allowed service companies to increase electric line (e-line) and tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) gun footage to save rig time. E-line perforating capacity for 7-in. guns has increased from 15 to 41 m/run (49 to 135 ft/run), while the 4 ⅝-in. gun capacity has increased from 20 to 50 m/run (66 to 165 ft/run). This paper discusses how such advancements led to new benchmarks for perforating footage during deployment of a large gun system in Brazilian presalt, changing the perforation technique, and ultimately reducing operational expenses.
During perforating, excessive shock loads are applied on the weak point (WP), so the challenge was to develop a perforating system that could increase the effective perforating footage using 7-in. and 4 ⅝-in. guns without damaging the e-line or dropping the guns because of a pull off. A specially designed WP for high dynamic loading, together with a new 2 ¾-in. outer diameter (OD) cable head was developed. Various software simulations were run to analyze the shock-loading effects on the cable and WP during run in hole (RIH), gun detonation, and pulling out of the hole (POOH).
This paper presents seven field case studies in which this new technology was applied. High-speed memory recordings of pressure and radial/axial accelerations were used to acquire actual downhole data during the perforating event to compare with simulation results and calibrate the models. The WPs were analyzed to validate the overall response of the new perforating system. The actual surface tension and downhole data, such as pressure and acceleration, matched the simulation results.
During the seven field case studies, the new perforating system using e-line deployment helped improve rig-time efficiency, saving more than 130 rig hours compared to performing the operation using the traditional TCP service, representing more than USD 2 million overall savings.
The capability of running long sections of large guns is a significant achievement for wireline-deployed perforating services. During the Brazil operation, the increased efficiency resulted in a reduction of 16 hours of completion phase, which equates to a savings of hundreds of thousands of dollars when compared with TCP operations.
Design and Evaluation of Multifunctional Foaming Agents for Production Enhancement in Oil Wells
Authors: Parra José Ernesto , Soto-Castruita Enrique , Cerón-Camacho Ricardo , Cisneros-Dévora Rodolfo , Pérez-Álvarez Marissa , Servín-Nájera Ana Graciela , Zamudio-Rivera Luis Silvestre , Martínez-Magadan José Manuel , Oviedo-Roa Raúl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We developed and investigated the effectiveness of new multifunctional foaming agents (MFAs) for production enhancement in oil wells with gas lift or high gas-oil ratio, high water cuts (&gt;30%), and very high conditions of temperature (180°C), hardness (180,000 ppm), and salinity (400,000 ppm TDS). The efficiency of the MFAs was tested using two laboratory methods, which are conducted at close to wellhead and downhole conditions of temperature and pressure, respectively. These methods were used to optimize the development of the MFAs and their field application design.
Anti-inflammatory effect of the specific carbohydrate diet in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Berntson Lillemor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Diet has an effect on the intestinal immune system, which may have consequences for inflammatory diseases. Specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) is an effective anti-inflammatory treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in children. We explored the anti-inflammatory effect of SCD in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Twenty-two patients with JIA (age 6.3–17.3 years), with stable, low-to-medium disease activity, were included in the study. Seven children dropped out within two weeks from the start of SCD, and fifteen patients, who completed four to five weeks of SCD, were evaluated in the final analyses. A dietician introduced parents and children to SCD with written and verbal instructions, and regular follow-ups were performed during the intervention period. Patients were studied with clinical and laboratory examinations before, during and after the intervention. In addition to conventional JIA laboratory tests, analyses were performed of short chain fatty acids in faecal samples at inclusion and after two and four weeks of SCD. Results SCD significantly decreased morning stiffness (p = 0.003) and pain (p = 0.048), and improved physical function assessed through the child health assessment questionnaire (p = 0.022). Arthritis improved in five of the seven children with arthritis at inclusion. Faecal butyrate increased significantly (p = 0.020). Conclusions SCD has significant positive effect on arthritis activity, morning stiffness, pain and physical function in children with JIA. Our results suggest that change in bacterial activity of the intestinal canal by dietary intervention may provide an effective and feasible complementary treatment for JIA.
Effect of a High Value Care Curriculum on Standardized Patient Exam in the Core Clerkship in Internal Medicine
Authors: Pahwa Amit K , Eaton Kevin , Apfel Ariella , Bertram Amanda , Ridell Rebecca , Cayea Danelle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: With almost 20% unnecessary spending on healthcare, there has been increasing interest in high value care defined as the best care for the patient, with the optimal result for the circumstances, delivered at the right price. The American Association of Medical Colleges recommend that medical students are proficient in concepts of cost-effective clinical practice by graduation, thus leading to curricula on high value care. However little is published on the effectiveness of these curricula on medical students’ ability to practice high value care.Methods: In addition to the standard curriculum, the intervention group received two classroom sessions and three virtual patients focused on the concepts of high value care. The primary outcome was number of tests and charges for tests on standardized patients.Results: 136 students enrolled in the Core Clerkship in Internal Medicine and 70 completed the high value care curriculum. There were no significant differences in ordering of appropriate tests (3.1 vs. 3.2 tests/students, p = 0.55) and inappropriate tests (1.8 vs. 2.2, p = 0.13) between the intervention and control. Students in the intervention group had significantly lower median Medicare charges ($287.59 vs. $500.86, p = 0.04) and felt their education in high value care was appropriate (81% vs. 56%, p = 0.02).Conclusions: This is the first study to describe the impact of a high value care curriculum on medical students’ ordering practices. While number of inappropriate tests was not significantly different, students in the intervention group refrained from ordering expensive tests.
Potential of resveratrol in enrichment of neural progenitor-like cells induction of human stem cells from apical papilla
Authors: Songsaad Anupong , Gonmanee Thanasup , Ruangsawasdi Nisarat , Phruksaniyom Chareerut , Thonabulsombat Charoensri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Stem cell transplantation of exogenous neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a promising approach of neurodegenerative disease. Human stem cells from apical papilla (hSCAPs) are derived from migratory neural crest stem cells, and exhibit a potential of neuronal differentiation. However, their neuronal differentiation is low and unpredictable. Resveratrol has been described as a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator which plays an important role in enhancing neuronal differentiation. In this study, we investigate the potential of resveratrol as an enhancer on neuronal differentiation through NPCs induction of hSCAPs.Methods: Stem cells were isolated from human apical papilla, and characterized as MSCs. The cellular toxicity of resveratrol treatment to the characterized hSCAPs was investigated by MTT assay. The non-cellular toxicity concentrations of resveratrol were assessed with various pre-treatment times to select the optimal condition that highly expressed the neural progenitor gene, NES. Consequently, the optimal condition of resveratrol pre-treatment was synergistically performed with a neuronal induction medium to trigger neuronal differentiation. The differentiated cells were visualized, the genes profiling was quantified, and the percentage of neuronal differentiation was calculated. Moreover, the intracellular calcium oscillation was demonstrated. Results: The cellular toxicity of resveratrol was not observed for up to 50 µM for 12 hours. Interestingly, hSCAPs pre-treated with 10 µM resveratrol for 12 hours (RSV-hSCAPs) significantly expressed NES, which is determined as the optimal condition. Under neuronal induction, both of hSCAPs and RSV-hSCAPs were differentiated (d-hSCAPs, and RSV-d-hSCAPs) as they exhibited neuronal-like appearances with Nissl substance staining. The highest expression of NES, and SOX1 was observed in RSV-d-hSCAPs. Additionally, the percentage of neuronal differentiation of RSV-d-hSCAPs was significantly higher than d-hSCAPs for 4 times. Importantly, the neuronal-like cells exhibited slightly increasing pattern of calcium intensity.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that pre-treatment of resveratrol strongly induces neural progenitor marker gene expression which synergistically enhances neural progenitor-like cells’ induction with neuronal induction medium.
L2MXception: An Improved Xception Network for Classification of Peach diseases&nbsp;
Authors: Yao Na , Ni Fuchuan , Wang Ziyan , Luo Jun , Sung Wing-Kin , Luo Chaoxi , Li Guoliang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Peach diseases can cause severe yield reduction and decreased quality for peach production. Rapid and accurate detection and identification of peach diseases is of great importance. Deep learning has been applied to detect peach diseases using imaging data. However, peach disease image data is difficult to collect and samples are imbalance. The popular deep networks perform poor for this issue.Results: This paper proposed an improved Xception network named as L2MXception which ensembles regularization term of L2-norm and mean. With the peach disease image dataset collected, results on seven mainstream deep learning models were compared in details and an improved loss function was integrated with regularization term L2-norm and mean (L2M Loss). Experiments showed that the Xception model with L2M Loss outperformed the current best method for peach disease prediction. Compared to the original Xception model, the validation accuracy of L2MXception was up to 93.85%, increased by 28.48%. Conclusions: The proposed L2MXception network may have great potential in early identification of peach diseases.
Breast Cancer Distant Recurrence Lead Time Interval by Detection Method in an Institutional Cohort
Authors: Kaplan Henry G. , Malmgren Judith , Atwood Mary K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Lead time, the interval between screen detection and when a disease would have become clinically evident, has been cited to explain longer survival times in mammography detected breast cancer cases (BC). Methods: An institutional retrospective cohort study of BC outcomes related to detection method (mammography (MamD) vs. patient (PtD)). Cases were first primary invasive stage I-III BC, age 40-74 years (n = 6603), 1999-2016. Survival time was divided into 1) distant disease-free interval (DDFI) and 2) distant disease-specific survival (DDSS) as two separate time interval outcomes. We measured statistical association between detection method and diagnostic, treatment and outcome variables using bivariate comparisons, Cox proportional hazards analyses and mean comparisons. Outcomes were distant recurrence (n=422), DDFI and DDSS.Results: 39% of cases were PtD (n = 2566) and 61% were MamD (n = 4037). MamD cases had a higher percentage of Stage I tumors [MamD 69% stage I vs. PtD 31%, p<.001]. Rate of distant recurrence was 11% among PtD BC cases (n=289) vs. 3% of MamD (n=133) (p<.001). Order of factor entry into the distant recurrence time interval (DDFI) model was 1) TNM stage (p<.001), 2) HR/HER2 status (p<.001), 3) histologic grade (p=.005) and 4) detection method (p<.001). Unadjusted PtD DDFI mean time was 4.34 years and MamD 5.52 years (p<.001), however when stratified by stage, the most significant factor relative to distant recurrence, there was no significant difference between PtD and MamD BC. Distant disease specific survival time did not differ by detection method.Conclusion: We observed breast cancer distant disease-free interval to be primarily associated with stage at diagnosis and tumor characteristics with less contribution of detection method to the full model. Patient and mammography detected breast cancer mean lead time to distant recurrence differed significantly by detection method for all stages but not significantly within stage with no difference in time from distant recurrence to death. Lead time difference related to detection method appears to be present but may be less influential than other factors in distant disease-free and disease specific survival.
New mutation in&nbsp;PTEN&nbsp;identified in patient with rare bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma
Authors: Jiang Zhaoxin , Zhang Ting , Chen Chonglin , Sun Limei , Li Songshan , Ding Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Choroidal ganglioneuroma is an extremely rare tumor, with little known regarding its pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the phenotype and genetic alterations in one sporadic patient with rare bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma.Methods: A 6-year-old boy with histological diagnosis of bilateral ganglioneuroma was recruited in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed in the patient. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood collected from the patient, the patient's unaffected family members, and from 200 unrelated control subjects from the same population. Whole exome sequencing was carried out and raw reads were aligned to the human genome reference (hg19) using the Burrows Wheeler Aligner. All available family members were subjected to Sanger sequencing for segregation analysis.Results: Bilateral and extensive retinal detachments were observed in OCT. The diffuse thickening of choroid was identified in B scan and MRI. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of a novel heterozygous PTEN frameshift mutation, c.498delA (p.Thr167LeufsTer16), in exon 6. It was identified in the affected individual, but not in any of the unaffected family members. Genetic analysis showed that there was no mutant in neurofibromatosis-related genes. There were no obvious abnormalities in other organs in comprehensive systemic examinations. Conclusions: A novel de novo PTEN mutation was identified in a bilateral choroidal ganglioneuroma case. Although PTEN mutation has been considered to induces multiple abnormalities, choroidal ganglioneuroma can be the first manifestation without abnormalities in other organs. Further studies are needed to confirm this new association between choroidal ganglioneuroma and the PTEN mutation.
Genome-wide Variant-based Study of Genetic Effects with the Largest Neuroanatomic Coverage
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Wenjie , Li Huang , Chen Feng , Luo Haoran , Bao Peihua , Li Yanzhao , Jiang Hailong , Gao Yue , Liang Hong , Fang Shiaofen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Brain image genetics provides enormous opportunities for examining the effects of geneticvariations on the brain. Many studies have shown that the structure, function, and abnormality (e.g., thoserelated to Alzheimer's disease) of the brain are heritable. However, which genetic variations contribute to thesephenotypic changes is not completely clear. Advances in neuroimaging and genetics have led us to obtaindetailed brain anatomy and genome-wide information. These data offer us new opportunities to identify geneticvariations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect brain structure. In this paper, we performa genome-wide variant-based study, and aim to identify top SNPs or SNP sets which have genetic effects withthe largest neuroanotomic coverage at both voxel and region-of-interest (ROI) levels. Based on the voxelwisegenome-wide association study (GWAS) results, we used the exhaustive search to nd the top SNPs or SNPsets that have the largest voxel-based or ROI-based neuroanatomic coverage. For SNP sets with >2 SNPs, weproposed an efficient genetic algorithm to identify top SNP sets that can cover all ROIs or a specific ROI.Results: We identified an ensemble of top SNPs, SNP-pairs and SNP-sets, whose effects have the largestneuroanatomic coverage. Experimental results on real imaging genetics data show that the proposed geneticalgorithm is superior to the exhaustive search in terms of computational time for identifying top SNP-sets.Conclusions: We proposed and applied an informatics strategy to identify top SNPs, SNP-pairs and SNP-setsthat have genetic effects with the largest neuroanatomic coverage. The proposed genetic algorithm others anefficient solution to accomplish the task, especially for identifying top SNP-sets.
Evaluating the TubridgeTM flow diverter for large cavernous carotid artery aneurysms
Authors: Jia Luqiong , Wang Jiejun , Zhang Longhui , Zhang Yunfeng , You Wei , Yang xinjian , Lv Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The TubridgeTM flow diverter (TFD) was recently developed in China; however, its safety and efficacy in treating large cavernous carotid artery aneurysms (LCCAs) are unclear.Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TFD in patients receiving TFDs to treat LCCAs (10–25 mm). Methods: Between June 2013 and May 2014, seven patients with LCCAs were enrolled in our study, and all seven patients underwent TFD implantation combined with coils.Results: Angiographic follow-up images were available for all seven patients at a median of 57.5 ± 16.7 (range, 6–69) months. Seven patients obtained favorable angiographic results defined as O’Kelly–Marotta Scale C and D. Clinical follow-up data were available for all seven patients at a median of 73.32 ± 3.6 (range, 66–78) months. No patients developed new neurological deficits. Six patients achieved a modified Rankin scale score of 0, and diplopia improved in the remaining patient.Conclusions: Results were excellent for the aneurysms treated with TFDs in our patients with LCCAs. TFDs are feasible for the treatment of LCCAs, but a multicenter, controlled clinical trial is needed to evaluate the long term safety and efficacy of the TFD to treat LCCAs.