bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varietal influence of cassava on chemical composition and consumer acceptability of gari
Authors: Akely Pierre Martial Thierry , Gnagne Eliane Hadiowe , To Lou Geraldine Marie‐Laure Tanan , Amani Georges N'Guessan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEffects of cassava variety on chemical composition and consumer acceptability of gari were investigated. Three traditional cassava varieties Bonoua 2, Yace and Yavo as well as four improved cassava varieties Bocou 1, Bocou 2, Bocou 3 and TMS (2) 1425 were evaluated. All the varieties had appreciable high value of carbohydrates ranged from 86.6% (TMS (2) 1425) to 90.89% (Bonoua 2). TMS (2) 1425 had the lowest reducing sugar value (0.22%) while Bocou 3 had the highest reducing sugar value (0.38%). Studied gari exhibited low value of hydrogen cyanide with the lowest value found in Bocou 1 (1.53 mg per 100 g). Total fibre value varied to 2.88% (Yace) to 2.28% (Bocou 2). Gari of Bocou 1 and Bocou 3 were the most appreciated. These gari had fairly sweet taste, were fairly bright and contained few impurities. This study demonstrated that cassava variety influenced the chemical composition and consumer acceptability of gari.
A systematic review of the impact of chronic pain on adolescents' school functioning and school personnel responses to managing pain in the schools
Authors: Alsaggaf Fatimah , Coyne Imelda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo critically synthesize empirical studies on the impact of chronic pain on adolescents' school functioning and school personnel responses to managing pain in schools.DesignMixed method systematic review.Data sourcesMedline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, ScienLO, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched for published articles from inception to December 2018.Review methodsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from the qualitative and quantitative studies were synthesized using parallel‐results convergent integrated design. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018 were used for assessing the quality of included studies.ResultsChronic pain appears to have a significant negative influence on adolescents' school attendance, academic performance/achievement, academic competence, physical activities, and social functioning. However, other studies indicated that adolescents with chronic pain had better academic performance and competence than healthy peers and that chronic pain did not affect older adolescents' social functioning. There is limited guidelines and resources for how school personnel can help adolescents to manage pain in schools.ConclusionThis review supports the need for future research on the impact of adolescents' chronic pain on the full dimensions of school functioning and to identify the effective responses of school personnel to managing adolescents' pain in schools.ImpactAlthough findings are somewhat conflicting, overall adolescent's chronic pain appears to have a negative influence on school functioning. Yet limited guidelines exist for how school personnel should respond effectively to manage adolescents' pain in schools. The review indicates the importance of written policies to guide teachers on how to facilitate optimal pain management in schools. It also highlights the significance of clear communication between healthcare professionals and school personnel, adolescents with chronic pain and their parents to support optimal school functioning.
Triptolide prevents bone loss via suppressing osteoclastogenesis through inhibiting PI3K‐AKT‐NFATc1 pathway
Authors: Cui Jin , Li Xiaoqun , Wang Sicheng , Su Yiming , Chen Xiao , Cao Liehu , Zhi Xin , Qiu Zili , Wang Yao , Jiang Hao , Huang Biaotong , Ji Fang , Su Jiacan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBone loss (osteopenia) is a common complication in human solid tumour. In addition, after surgical treatment of gynaecological tumour, osteoporosis often occurs due to the withdrawal of oestrogen. The major characteristic of osteoporosis is the low bone mass with micro‐architectural deteriorated bone tissue. And the main cause is the overactivation of osteoclastogenesis, which is one of the most important therapeutic targets. Inflammation could induce the interaction of RANKL/RANK, which is the promoter of osteoclastogenesis. Triptolide is derived from the traditional Chinese herb lei gong teng, presented multiple biological effects, including anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammation and immunosuppression. We hypothesized that triptolide could inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing inflammation activation. In this study, we confirmed that triptolide could suppress RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and RAW264.7 cells and inhibited the osteoclast bone resorption functions. PI3K‐AKT‐NFATc1 pathway is one of the most important downstream pathways of RANKL‐induced osteogenesis. The experiments in vitro indicated that triptolide suppresses the activation of PI3K‐AKT‐NFATc1 pathway and the target point located at the upstream of AKT because both NFATc1 overexpression and AKT phosphorylation could ameliorate the triptolide suppression effects. The expression of MDM2 was elevated, which demonstrated the MDM‐p53‐induced cell death might contribute to the osteoclastogenesis suppression. Ovariectomy‐induced bone loss and inflammation activation were also found to be ameliorated in the experiments in vivo. In summary, the new effect of anti‐cancer drug triptolide was demonstrated to be anti‐osteoclastogenesis, and we demonstrated triptolide might be a promising therapy for bone loss caused by tumour.
Can mandatory certification promote greenwashing? A signaling approach
Authors: Garrido Dolores , Espínola‐Arredondo Ana , Munoz‐Garcia Felix 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how positive or negative perceptions about innovation affect firms' strategic behavior when certifying their products. In particular, we consider two types of firm (innovative and noninnovative) which choose between three signals: (a) certified claim, (b) uncertified claim, and (c) no claim. The consumer, either exhibiting positive or negative perceptions, is uninformed about the firm's type and only observes the firm's claim. We find that a separating equilibrium arises in which information about the innovation is revealed to consumers. We also identify a pooling equilibrium in which both types of firm choose the same claim, concealing information from consumers. We show that regulation requiring mandatory certification can hinder information transmission. Our results also indicate that changes in product perceptions do not necessarily facilitate information transmission.
Precision dosing-based optimisation of paroxetine during pregnancy for poor and ultrarapid CYP2D6 metabolisers: a virtual clinical trial pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Almurjan Aminah , Macfarlane Hannah , Badhan Raj K S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Paroxetine has been demonstrated to undergo gestation-related reductions in plasma concentrations, to an extent which is dictated by the polymorphic state of CYP 2D6. However, knowledge of appropriate dose titrations is lacking.

Methods
A pharmacokinetic modelling approach was applied to examine gestational changes in trough plasma concentrations for CYP 2D6 phenotypes, followed by necessary dose adjustment strategies to maintain paroxetine levels within a therapeutic range of 20–60 ng/ml.

Key findings
A decrease in trough plasma concentrations was simulated throughout gestation for all phenotypes. A significant number of ultrarapid (UM) phenotype subjects possessed trough levels below 20 ng/ml (73–76%) compared to extensive metabolisers (EM) (51–53%).

Conclusions
For all phenotypes studied, there was a requirement for daily doses in excess of the standard 20 mg dose throughout gestation. For EM, a dose of 30 mg daily in trimester 1 followed by 40 mg daily in trimesters 2 and 3 is suggested to be optimal. For poor metabolisers (PM), a 20 mg daily dose in trimester 1 followed by 30 mg daily in trimesters 2 and 3 is suggested to be optimal. For UM, a 40 mg daily dose throughout gestation is suggested to be optimal.
Pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and tissue distribution study of astilbin in rats
Authors: Shi Meiyun , Xu Mengyao , Yin Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study is to reveal the pharmacokinetic profiles of astilbin with various doses in rats and investigate the oral absolute bioavailability and tissue distribution of astilbin after oral administration.

Methods
Wistar rats were orally administered astilbin 12, 24 mg/kg and intravenous administered astilbin 6 mg/kg randomly. The concentration of astilbin in rat plasma and various tissue samples was determined by LC-MS/MS method. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC and t1/2 were calculated from plasma concentration–time data of astilbin with the DAS 3.0.

Key findings
After oral administration of astilbin 12 and 24 mg/kg to rats, the oral absolute bioavailability of astilbin were 1.16 ± 0.695% and 1.27 ± 0.379%; the plasma elimination half-lives (t1/2) were 101 ± 35.8 and 109 ± 25.3 min, respectively. Astilbin had a rapid absorption and a wide distribution throughout the whole body except liver and fat following oral administration. Astilbin could penetrate the blood–brain barrier of rat.

Conclusions
The oral absolute bioavailability of astilbin is poor because of the low permeability and solubility. Both oral absorption and clearance of astilbin in rats are rapid after oral administration.
Revival of Ancient Marine Dinoflagellates Using Molecular Biostimulation
Authors: Delebecq Gaspard , Schmidt Sabine , Ehrhold Axel , Latimier Marie , Siano Raffaele 
Published: April 2020

The biological processes involved in the preservation, viability, and revival of long‐term dormant dinoflagellate cysts buried in sediments remain unknown. Based on studies of plant seed physiology, we tested whether the revival of ancient cysts preserved in century‐old sediments from the Bay of Brest (France) could be stimulated by melatonin and gibberellic acid, two molecules commonly used in seed priming. Dinoflagellates were revived from sediments dated to approximately 150 years ago (156 ± 27, 32 cm depth), extending the known record age of cyst viability previously established as around one century. A culture suspension of sediments mixed with melatonin and gibberellic acid solutions as biostimulants exhibited germination of 11 dinoflagellate taxa that could not be revived under controlled culture conditions. The biostimulants revived some dinoflagellates from century‐old sediments, including the potentially toxic species Alexandrium minutum. The biostimulants showed positive effects on germination on even more ancient cysts, showing dose‐dependent effects on the germination of Scrippsiella acuminata. Concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µM melatonin and gibberellic acid promoted germination. In contrast, 1,000 µM solutions, particularly for melatonin, drastically decreased germination, suggesting a potential noxious effect of high doses of these molecules on dinoflagellate revival. Our findings suggest that melatonin and gibberellic acid are involved in the stimulation of germination of dinoflagellate cysts. These biostimulants can be used to germinate long‐term stored dinoflagellate cysts, which may promote studies of ancient strains in the resurrection ecology research field.
Combined Application of Dexamethasone and Tranexamic Acid to Reduce the Postoperative Inflammatory Response and Improve Functional Outcomes in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: An Yu‐zhang , Xu Ming‐deng , An Yu‐cheng , Liu Huan , Zheng Ming , Jiang Dian‐ming 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined use of tranexamic acid (TXA) and dexamethasone (DEX) for anti‐inflammatory and clinical outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsA total of 100 patients were included in this randomized, controlled study. Patients in the TXA + DEX group were administered TXA at a dose of 15 mg/kg, which was repeated 3 h after THA, and received 20 mg DEX. In contrast, patients in the TXA group were administered TXA at a dose of 15 mg/kg, which was repeated at 3 h postoperatively. C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and pain levels, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), total blood loss and transfusion rates, postoperative fatigue, range of motion (ROM), length of hospital stay (LOS), analgesic rescue and antiemetic rescue consumption, and complications were compared in both groups.ResultsThe CRP and IL‐6 levels were lower in the TXA + DEX group than in the TXA group (all P < 0.001) at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h postoperatively. Patients in the TXA + DEX group had lower pain scores at rest and walking at 24 h postoperatively (all P < 0.001). In the TXA + DEX group, the incidence of PONV was lower (P = 0.005), postoperative fatigue (P < 0.001) was reduced, and analgesia and antiemetic rescue consumption were also reduced. The total blood loss, transfusion rate, LOS and hip ROM were similar in the two groups. There was no thrombosis, infection, or gastrointestinal bleeding in either group.ConclusionCompared to TXA alone, the combination of TXA + DEX can reduce postoperative inflammatory response, relieve pain, and reduce PONV and fatigue, without increasing the risk of complications. Therefore, the present study suggested that the combination of TXA + DEX is an effective and safe accelerated rehabilitation strategy for patients receiving primary unilateral THA.
The changing resistance patterns of bacterial uropathogens in children
Authors: Kurt‐Şükür Eda Didem , Özçakar Zeynep Birsin , Doğan Özlem , Öztürk Musa , Karaman Merve , Çakar Nilgün , Güriz Haluk , Yalçınkaya Fatoş 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased antimicrobial resistance is a problem in managing urinary tract infections (UTI). With this study we assessed the resistance patterns of urinary isolates in children with UTI between January 2017 and January 2018.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted. Among 5,443 isolates, a total of 776 UTI episodes in 698 patients were included. Patients' gender, age, voiding dysfunction, UTI history, prophylaxis status, and presence of vesicoureteral reflux were noted. Patients were divided into three age groups: group 1 for ages ≤12 months; group 2 for ages 13–60 months; and group 3 for ages >60 months. The susceptibilities of etiologic agents to different antimicrobials were explored.ResultsMedian age was 54 months (range 1 month–21 years); male to female ratio was 1:5. The most common causative agent was Escherichia coli (83% of the cases), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.5%). Resistance to ampicillin (62.6%) and co‐trimoxazole (39.8%) were remarkable in all isolates. Overall extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL) positivity was 23.5%. The highest resistance rates, higher ESBL positivity (28.6%), and K. pneumoniae frequency (13.5%) were observed in group 1. Ceftriaxone resistance was significantly low (0.5%) in the ESBL (−) group, which constituted the majority of the isolates. Higher resistance rates were observed among the patients on prophylaxis compared to those off prophylaxis (P < 0.001).ConclusionCeftriaxone can still be used for empirical treatment; however, initial urine culture results are crucial due to high ESBL positivity. Special consideration must be taken for patients under 1 year of age. Periodical surveillance studies are needed to explore the changing resistance patterns of uropathogens and modify treatment plans.
Genome‐wide association study for spot blotch resistance in Afghan wheat germplasm
Authors: Bainsla Naresh K. , Phuke Rahul M. , He Xinyao , Gupta Vikas , Bishnoi Santosh K. , Sharma Rajiv K. , Ataei Najibeh , Dreisigacker Susanne , Juliana Philomin , Singh Pawan K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat globally, especially in South Asia and South America. Understanding the genetics of resistance to SB is important for developing breeding strategies to improve resistance. A panel of 301 genotypes from Afghanistan was phenotyped over two crop seasons using a mixture of virulent B. sorokiniana isolates and genotyped using DArTSeq to obtain genome‐wide markers. Fifty genotypes (16.6%) showed disease scores less than the resistant control. Principal component analysis using the genotypic data clustered the genotypes into five different groups. Among models used for genome‐wide association mapping, the multilocus mixed model, and fixed and random model circulating probability unification algorithms were most effective in identifying significant marker‐trait associations (MTA). Twenty‐five MTAs at p ≤ .001 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D, indicating the quantitative nature of resistance to SB. Phenotypic variation explained by these markers ranged from 2.0% to 17.7%, and genomic regions on the chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 5B coincided with loci identified in previous studies. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosomes 1B (SNP 1113207) and 5A (SNPs 5411867 and 998276) were significant in both crop seasons as well as in the combined analysis across seasons. Marker 5411867 is close to Vrn‐A1, shown to be associated with SB in previous studies. Furthermore, among known SB resistance genes, Sb2 on chromosome 5B was predicted to be significant in this panel.
Paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and caesarean section: A report from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS)
Authors: Bonaventure Audrey , Simpson Jill , Ansell Pat , Roman Eve 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundReports have suggested that children born by caesarean initiated before labour onset may be at increased risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, with most data being derived from case‐control study interviews, information on the underpinning reasons for caesarean section is sparse, and evidence is conflicting.ObjectivesUse clinical records compiled at the time of delivery to investigate the association between childhood ALL and caesarean delivery; examining timing in relation to labour onset, and reasons for the procedure.MethodsData are from the UK Childhood Cancer Study, a population‐based case‐control study conducted in the 1990s, when caesarean section rates were relatively low, in England, Scotland, and Wales. Children with ALL were individually matched to two controls on sex, date of birth, and region of residence. Information on mode of delivery and complications was abstracted from obstetric records. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression models adjusted for matching variables and relevant covariates.ResultsAround 75% of the 1034 cases and 1914 controls were born through unassisted vaginal delivery. Caesarean delivery was as frequent in cases and controls (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.84, 1.36). No association was observed between ALL and caesarean delivery either during or before labour, with adjusted ORs of 1.08 (95% CI 0.78, 1.48) and 1.09 (95% CI 0.78, 1.53), respectively. For B‐cell ALL, the ORs were 1.14 (95% CI 0.81, 1.59) for caesarean during labour and 1.21 (95% CI 0.85, 1.72) for prelabour. The underpinning reasons for caesarean delivery differed between cases and controls; with preeclampsia, although very rare, being more common amongst cases born by caesarean (OR 8.91, 95% CI 1.48, 53.42).ConclusionsOur obstetric record‐based study found no significant evidence that caesarean delivery increased the risk of childhood ALL, either overall or when carried out before labour.
Modeling Poliovirus Transmission in Borno and Yobe, Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A. , Franka Richard , Higgins Jeff , Kovacs Stephanie D. , Forbi Joseph C. , Wassilak Steven G. F. , Pallansch Mark A. , Thompson Kimberly M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBeginning in 2013, multiple local government areas (LGAs) in Borno and Yobe in northeast Nigeria and other parts of the Lake Chad basin experienced a violent insurgency that resulted in substantial numbers of isolated and displaced people. Northeast Nigeria represents the last known reservoir country of wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission in Africa, with detection of paralytic cases caused by serotype 1 WPV in 2016 in Borno and serotype 3 WPV in late 2012. Parts of Borno and Yobe are also problematic areas for transmission of serotype 2 circulating vaccine‐derived polioviruses, and they continue to face challenges associated with conflict and inadequate health services in security‐compromised areas that limit both immunization and surveillance activities. We model poliovirus transmission of all three serotypes for Borno and Yobe using a deterministic differential equation‐based model that includes four subpopulations to account for limitations in access to immunization services and dynamic restrictions in population mixing. We find that accessibility issues and insufficient immunization allow for prolonged poliovirus transmission and potential undetected paralytic cases, although as of the end of 2019, including responsive program activities in the modeling suggest die out of indigenous serotypes 1 and 3 WPVs prior to 2020. Specifically, recent and current efforts to access isolated populations and provide oral poliovirus vaccine continue to reduce the risks of sustained and undetected transmission, although some uncertainty remains. Continued improvement in immunization and surveillance in the isolated subpopulations should minimize these risks. Stochastic modeling can build on this analysis to characterize the implications for undetected transmission and confidence about no circulation.
Identifiability and estimation of recursive max‐linear models
Authors: Gissibl Nadine , Klüppelberg Claudia , Lauritzen Steffen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe address the identifiability and estimation of recursive max‐linear structural equation models represented by an edge‐weighted directed acyclic graph (DAG). Such models are generally unidentifiable and we identify the whole class of DAG s and edge weights corresponding to a given observational distribution. For estimation, standard likelihood theory cannot be applied because the corresponding families of distributions are not dominated. Given the underlying DAG, we present an estimator for the class of edge weights and show that it can be considered a generalized maximum likelihood estimator. In addition, we develop a simple method for identifying the structure of the DAG. With probability tending to one at an exponential rate with the number of observations, this method correctly identifies the class of DAGs and, similarly, exactly identifies the possible edge weights.
Multivariate extremes over a random number of observations
Authors: Hashorva Enkelejd , Padoan Simone A. , Rizzelli Stefano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe classical multivariate extreme‐value theory concerns the modeling of extremes in a multivariate random sample, suggesting the use of max‐stable distributions. In this work, the classical theory is extended to the case where aggregated data, such as maxima of a random number of observations, are considered. We derive a limit theorem concerning the attractors for the distributions of the aggregated data, which boil down to a new family of max‐stable distributions. We also connect the extremal dependence structure of classical max‐stable distributions and that of our new family of max‐stable distributions. Using an inversion method, we derive a semiparametric composite‐estimator for the extremal dependence of the unobservable data, starting from a preliminary estimator of the extremal dependence of the aggregated data. Furthermore, we develop the large‐sample theory of the composite‐estimator and illustrate its finite‐sample performance via a simulation study.