bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uso del tabaco en la esquizofrenia: un estudio de las concentraciones de cotinina en la saliva de pacientes y controles
Authors: Strand Jan-Erik , Nybäck Henrik 
Published: May 2020

ResumenSe ha propuesto que la nicotina proporciona alivio de la ansiedad, gratificatión oral y automedicación de los síntomas psicóticos en los pacientes psiquiátricos. Para investigar las relaciones entre las alteraciones psicopatológicas y el uso del tabaco, medimos la concentratión de cotinina, el metabolito principal de la nicotina, en la saliva de pacientes psiquiátricos y voluntaries sanos. En una muestra de 42 pacientes esquizofrénicos correlacionamos la categoría de fumador, las concentraciones de cotinina, los perfiles de síntomas (PANSS) y los efectos secundarios de los neurolépticos (Simpson-Angus). A pesar de informar de la misma cantidad de cigarrillos consumidos por día, la concentración de cotinina en la saliva era significativamente más alta en los pacientes con esquizofrenia que en los controles. No hubo diferencias significativas en las características clínicas entre los pacientes esquizofrénicos fumadores y no fumadores, pero los fumadores tendían a estar con dosis más altas de fármacos. Las concentraciones altas de cotinina correlacionaban significativamente con los síntomas negativos Retraimiento pasivo y Aislamiento social. Los resultados indican que los pacientes esquizofrénicos fuman cigarrillos con más intensidad que otros pacientes y los sujetos sanos. La correlatión entre los niveles altos de cotinina y los síntomas negativos puede reflejar un intento por los pacientes esquizofrénicos de superar la retirada emocional y, así, los resultados pueden prestar apoyo a una hipótesis de automedicación.
Asociación de la personalidad y las condiciones laborales con los síntomas depresivos
Authors: Jurado Dolores , Gurpegui Manuel , Moreno Obdulia , Fernández M. Carmen , Luna Juan D. , Gálvez Ramón 
Published: May 2020

ResumenAntecedentes.Estudios anteriores han encontrado una relación entre el estrés relacionado con el trabajo y los síntomas depresivos en grupos ocupacionales diferentes, y han hallado que la personalidad puede modificar el riesgo de desarrollar síntomas depresivos. Nosotros pretendimos examinar la asociación de la personalidad y otras condiciones individuales y laborales con los síntomas depresivos.Sujetos y método.Una muestra de 498 profesores respondió a un cuestionario acerca de características individuales y laborales, algunas percepciones relacionadas con el trabajo y el deseo de cambiar de empleo. Los síntomas depresivos se midieron por la Escala de Depresión del Centra para Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) y la personalidad se midió por el Inventario del Temperamento y el Carácter( TCI-125).Resultados.Los síntomas depresivos se asociaban con el género femenino, la edad, la satisfactión laboral baja, el estrés laboral alto, el deseo de cambiar de empleo, trabajar en una escuela pública, y con puntuaciones más altas en evitación del daño y búsqueda de novedad y puntuaciones más bajas en autodirección.Conclusiones.Nuestros resultados subrayan la influencia de los rasgos de personalidad en el desarrollo de los síntomas depresivos con independencia de otras características individuales y el contexto ocupacional.
Las repercusiones de la depresión se distribuyen desigualmente en la población
Authors: Isacson Dag , Bingefors Kerstin , Knorring Lars von 
Published: May 2020

ResumenPropósitos.El propósito de este estudio era evaluar las repercusiones de la depresión en la calidad de vida en la población general estudiando sus efectos sobre i) la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CdVRS), ii) las utilidades del estado de salud y iii) la carga de la enfermedad en la población según la edad, el sexo, el estado civil, el nivel educativo, la situación económica y el empleo.Métodos.Estudio transversal en el Condado de Uppsala, Suecia. Se utilizó una muestra estadística de la población general de 20-64 años de edad (n =4.506). Se obtuvo información sobre el estado actual de la depresión por autoinforme. La CdVRS se midió utilizando la Forma Breve 36 (SF-36). Se usó el método de transacción temporal (TT) para medir las utilidades del estado de salud. La disminución de las utilidades totales del estado de salud asociada con la depresión en la población se utilizó como medida de la carga de la enfermedad.Resultados.Un 4% de la población comunicó depresión. Los sujetos con depresión puntuaron significativamente más bajo (P<0,001) que los sujetos sin ella en los ocho dominios del cuestionario SF-36. Además, el grupo deprimido evaluó las utilidades de su estado de salud significativamente más bajo que los otros: 0,796 frente a 0,933 (P<0,001). En el análisis multivariante de la disminución en las utilidades con diversos trastornos médicos, la depresión se asoció con la mayor disminución (-0,090,P< 0,001). Las personas con depresión daban cuenta del 10,9% de la disminución total en las utilidades en toda la población, pero esta proporción variaba según el subgrupo específico. Por ejemplo, el 16,4% y el 8,6% de la carga total de la enfermedad se vinculaban con la depresión entre las personas solteras y casadas, respectivamente. Las cifras correspondientes para las personas con los ingresos más bajos y más altos fueron 15% y 7,9%, respectivamente. Entre los desempleados, los que comunicaron depresión daban cuenta del 15,3% de la disminución en las utilidades, a diferencia del 4,9% entre los que tenían empleo.Conclusiones.La depresión tiene fuertes repercusiones en la calidad de vida y la discapacidad total en la población general. Además, las repercusiones de la depresión se distribuyen desigualmente en la población.
Understanding semantic accents in Japanese–English bilinguals: A feature-based approach
Authors: Matsuki Eriko , Hino Yasushi , Jared Debra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA bilingual exhibits a “semantic accent” when they comprehend or use a word in one language in a way that is influenced by its translation. Semantic accents are well-captured by feature-based models: however, few studies have specifically examined the processing of features that contribute to a semantic accent. Japanese–English bilinguals and monolinguals of each language completed three feature-based tasks focusing on culture-specific semantic features. Bilinguals exhibited semantic accents in L1 and L2 in that they had stronger associations than monolinguals between the features specific to one culture and words in the other language. Within bilinguals, culture-specific features were more strongly associated with the congruent language than the incongruent language. Finally, changes in the strengths of associations between culture-specific features and words depended more on L2 cultural immersion than L2 proficiency. Semantic accents lessened in L2 and increased in L1 after many years of exposure to the L2 culture.
Prevalence of anaemia in Brazilian children in different epidemiological scenarios: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Ferreira Haroldo S , Vieira Regina Coeli S , Livramento Aline Roberta S , Dourado Bruna Larine LFS , Silva Girlliany FA , Calheiros Monique Suiane C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To update the estimation of the prevalence of anaemia in Brazilian children according to four different epidemiological scenarios.

Design:
A new systematic review was conducted with a meta-analysis of the results published between 2007 and May 2019. Literature search was carried out in the PubMed and LILACS databases using keywords anaemia, child and Brazil. A total of thirty-seven articles (17 741 children) were selected and categorised according to the origin of their respective samples: childcare centres (Childcare; n 13 studies/2697 individuals), health services (Services; n 4/755), populations with social inequities (Inequities, n 7/6798) and population-based studies (Populations; n 13/7491). Assuming a prevalence of 20·9 % as reference (Health National Survey; n 3455), the combined prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated. A random-effects model was used.

Participants:
Brazilian children 6–60 months of age.

Results:
The prevalence of anaemia, by scenario, was: Childcare 24·8 % (PR 1·06; 95 % CI 0·81, 1·40); Services 39·9 % (PR 1·76, 95 % CI 1·33, 2·35); Inequities 51·6 % (PR 2·02, 95 % CI 1·87, 2·18); and Populations 35·8 % (PR 1·42, 95 % CI 1·23, 1·64). Therefore, the values were all higher than the national prevalence; the Inequities had the highest prevalence, and only Childcare did not reach statistical significance. Concerning the previous meta-analysis, there was a reduction in anaemia prevalence in all scenarios: –52·3, –33·7, –22·4 and –10·7 %, respectively.

Conclusions:
Compared to the situation revealed in the previous meta-analysis, anaemia, although observed to a lesser extent, remains an important public health problem in the different scenarios analysed, especially for children living in Inequities. Access to Childcare mitigates the risk for this condition.
Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of	exercise in male Wistar rats
Authors: Nasiri Masoud , Ahmadizad Saja , Hedayati Mehdi , Zarekar Tayebe , Seydyousefi Mehdi , Faghfoori Zeinab 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.
Regional Climate Sensitivity of Climate Extremes in CMIP6 Versus CMIP5 Multimodel Ensembles
Authors: Seneviratne Sonia I. , Hauser Mathias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyze projected changes in climate extremes (extreme temperatures and heavy precipitation) in the multimodel ensembles of the fifth and sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 and CMIP6). The results reveal close similarity between both ensembles in the regional climate sensitivity of the projected multimodel mean changes in climate extremes, that is, their projected changes as a function of global warming. This stands in contrast to widely reported divergences in global (transient and equilibrium) climate sensitivity in the two multimodel ensembles. Some exceptions include higher warming in the South America monsoon region, lower warming in Southern Asia and Central Africa, and higher increases in heavy precipitation in Western Africa and the Sahel region in the CMIP6 ensemble. The multimodel spread in regional climate sensitivity is found to be large in both ensembles. In particular, it contributes more to intermodel spread in projected regional climate extremes compared with the intermodel spread in global climate sensitivity in CMIP6. Our results highlight the need to consider regional climate sensitivity as a distinct feature of Earth system models and a key determinant of projected regional impacts, which is largely independent of the models' response in global climate sensitivity.
On the Origin of Far‐Aspect Angle Irregularity Regions Seen by HF Radars at 100‐km Altitude
Authors: St.‐Maurice J.‐P. , Nishitani N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA special summer midday population of echoes has been reported by high‐frequency (HF) radars at ranges less than 300 km. These echoes come from a narrow altitude region near 100 km. Their spectral width indicates that they decay at a rate controlled by ambipolar diffusion. We label the echo regions as “far‐aspect angle irregularity regions” by contrast with “high‐aspect angle irregularity regions” (HAIR) documented in the past. Both types are from structures that decay after an initial growth phase. We show that each type decays at a rate controlled by the altitude where it is produced. The large aspect angles and decaying process come from a monotonic aspect angle increase due to a weak altitude dependence of the “eigenfrequency.” HAIR echoes are produced by the decay of otherwise standard E‐region irregularities. However, HAIR echoes are usually not far‐aspect angle irregularity regions because the latter are the result of a Gradient Drift Instability in the bottomside of the E‐region where the vertical density gradients can sometimes be so strong that a less than 10 mV/m northward electric field is able to destabilize 10‐m structures in the afternoon sector. Owing to smaller dip angles, the Gradient Drift Instability requirement is smaller at midlatitudes although it still needs a combined electron drift and eastward neutral wind contribution of the order of 100 m/s. With northward electric fields of 2 to 3 mV/m, the minimum midlatitude eastward wind requirement is of the order of 50 m/s.
Sea Ice CO2 Dynamics Across Seasons: Impact of Processes at the Interfaces
Authors: Van der Linden F. C. , Tison J.‐L. , Champenois W. , Moreau S. , Carnat G. , Kotovitch M. , Fripiat F. , Deman F. , Roukaerts A. , Dehairs F. , Wauthy S. , Lourenço A. , Vivier F. , Haskell T. , Delille B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWinter to summer CO2 dynamics within landfast sea ice in McMurdo Sound (Antarctica) were investigated using bulk ice pCO2 measurements, air‐snow‐ice CO2 fluxes, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and ikaite saturation state. Our results suggest depth‐dependent biotic and abiotic controls that led us to discriminate the ice column in three layers. At the surface, winter pCO2 supersaturation drove CO2 release to the atmosphere while spring‐summer pCO2 undersaturation led to CO2 uptake most of the time. CO2 fluxes showed a diel pattern superimposed upon this seasonal pattern which was potentially assigned to either ice skin freeze‐thaw cycles or diel changes in net community production. In the ice interior, the pCO2 decrease across the season was driven by physical processes, mainly independent of the autotrophic and heterotrophic phases. Bottom sea ice was characterized by a massive biomass build‐up counterintuitively associated with transient heterotrophic activity and nitrate plus nitrite accumulation. This inconsistency is likely related to the formation of a biofilm. This biofilm hosts both autotrophic and heterotrophic activities at the bottom of the ice during spring and may promote calcium carbonate precipitation.
Regional MJO Modulation of Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones Driven by Multiple Transient Controls
Authors: Fowler M. D. , Pritchard M. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is widely acknowledged for its ability to modulate Northwest Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs), but a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains uncertain. Beyond established effects of the MJO's relative humidity envelope, other dynamical factors have recently been invoked via new genesis potential indices and high‐resolution modeling studies. Here we revisit the ability of the MJO to modulate West Pacific TCs through a quasi‐explicit cyclone downscaling strategy driven by composited observations, paired later with a genesis index to investigate regional drivers of modulation. We reveal two distinct spatial modes of TC modulation in which the MJO's dynamic and thermodynamic effects act in tandem to increase TCs. In the South China Sea, for instance, shear reductions associated with the MJO's circulation lead to increasing potential intensity ahead of the arrival of a positive humidity anomaly, all of which combine for an extended period of cyclogenesis favorability.
A Weakening Rheology of Dry Granular Flows With Extensive Brittle Grain Damage in High‐Speed Rotary Shear Experiments
Authors: Hu Wei , Chang Ching Shung , McSaveney Mauri , Huang Runqiu , Xu Qiang , Zheng Yangshuai , Yu Jiefu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe puzzle of the unexpectedly high mobility of large geophysical flows has been reported as solved many times since Albert Heim drew attention to it after a disastrous landslide at Elm, Switzerland. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the hypermobility; however, no consensus position has emerged in more than a century, and debate rages on. We show a new trend of dense granular flow behavior above average normal stress of 0.3 MPa with weakening at high strain rate, which may be explained by shear‐thinning thixotropy. Experimental results for a given shear rate at normal stresses between 0.3 and 1 MPa show a bifurcation in shear‐resistance behavior. The trend of all our data deviates obviously from the traditional rheological model. We identified three regions of dense granular flow: a static region, an inertial region, and a weakening region at increasing strain rate in grain flows that results in widespread grain breakage. The former two regions agree with the traditional rheological model established at lower normal stresses; however, instead of entering a collisional region, a weakening region appeared. For gravity flows, it is possible for unstable flows to occur for certain combinations of normal stress and shear strain rate. An underlying mechanism of grain crushing and grain crushing‐induced special grain structure may greatly reduce the shear resistance due to thixotropy. The profound weakening provides a natural explanation for the observed high mobility in such geophysical behavior as the long runout of rock avalanches, fault weakening, impact‐crater evolution, and pyroclastic flows.
Unprecedented Europe Heat in June–July 2019: Risk in the Historical and Future Context
Authors: Ma Feng , Yuan Xing , Jiao Yang , Ji Peng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWestern‐central Europe experienced the most severe June–July heat on record in 2019, with several heatwaves occurring over the most densely populated regions. Highest 3‐day averaged daily mean temperature in June–July averaged over the region exceeds normal by 4.7°C, which is estimated to be a 1‐in‐283‐year event over the 1950–2014 climate. The driver and future likelihood of this extreme heat in a changing climate have drawn extensive attention. Based on the newly released climate model data from the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we find that anthropogenic climate change has caused a sevenfold increase in the likelihood of the extreme heat over 1950–2014 climate, and even a 23‐fold increase since 1980s. Such extreme heat will become more frequent in the future, with return periods of 1.8–7.2 years under future emission and societal development scenarios. Without sufficient adaptation strategies, such extreme heat would become more widespread, long‐lasting, and severe over Europe.
Lagged Compound Occurrence of Droughts and Pluvials Globally Over the Past Seven Decades
Authors: He Xiaogang , Sheffield Justin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe drought‐pluvial seesaw—defined as the phenomenon of pluvials (wet spells) following droughts (dry spells)—magnifies the impact of individual pluvial and drought events yet has not been systematically evaluated, especially at the global scale. We apply an event coincidence analysis to explore the aggregated seesaw behavior based on land surface model simulations for the past seven decades (1950–2016). We find that globally, about 5.9% and 7.6% of the land surface have experienced statistically significant (p<0.10) drought‐pluvial seesaw behavior during the boreal spring‐summer and fall‐winter, with an average 11.1% and 11.4% of all droughts being followed by pluvials in the following season, respectively. Although this global frequency pattern is modest and coherent changes cannot be detected at the subcontinental scale, local hot spots of drought‐pluvial seesaw have become more frequent than either droughts or pluvials alone in the last three decades, albeit with a small percentage of area coverage.
Diverse molecular functions of m6A mRNA modification in cancer
Authors: Han Seung Hun , Choe Junho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent chemical modification found on eukaryotic mRNA, is associated with almost all stages of mRNA metabolism and influences various human diseases. Recent research has implicated the aberrant regulation of m6A mRNA modification in many human cancers. An increasing number of studies have revealed that dysregulation of m6A-containing gene expression via the abnormal expression of m6A methyltransferases, demethylases, or reader proteins is closely associated with tumorigenicity. Notably, the molecular functions and cellular consequences of m6A mRNA modification often show opposite results depending on the degree of m6A modification in specific mRNA. In this review, we highlight the current progress on the underlying mechanisms of m6A modification in mRNA metabolism, particularly the functions of m6A writers, erasers, and readers in the context of tumorigenesis.
MAPS-seq: magnetic bead-assisted parallel single-cell gene expression profiling
Authors: Park Munsu , Lee Dongin , Bang Duhee , Lee Ji Hyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently developed single-cell RNA sequencing methods allow the simultaneous profiling of the transcriptomes of thousands of individual cells. However, current methods still require advanced equipment or entail substantial waste of reagents. Here, we introduce magnetic bead-assisted parallel single-cell gene expression sequencing (MAPS-seq), a microwell-based method that pools samples before the reverse transcription step, increasing the ease of sample preparation and reducing reagent waste. Moreover, because this method uses universal reagents and standard molecular biology lab instruments, it is easy to implement, even in labs that have not previously conducted single-cell RNA sequencing. We validated our method by demonstrating that it can generate gene expression data at the single-cell level. We then applied the MAPS-seq method to analyze 237 human myelogenous leukemia cells treated with one of three different drugs or dimethyl sulfoxide. We observed transcriptional changes and identified marker genes that indicate a drug response. Furthermore, the MAPS-seq method produced data of comparable quality to those of existing single-cell RNA sequencing methods. Consequently, we expect that our method will provide researchers with a more accessible, less wasteful, and less burdensome method for investigating the transcriptomes of individual cells.