bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly‐Sensitive Skin‐Attachable Eye‐Movement Sensor Using Flexible Nonhazardous Piezoelectric Thin Film
Authors: Kim Nam‐In , Chen Jie , Wang Weijie , Moradnia Mina , Pouladi Sara , Kwon Min‐Ki , Kim Ja‐Yeon , Li Xiaohang , Ryou Jae‐Hyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccurate and continuous monitoring of eye movements using compact, low‐power‐consuming, and easily‐wearable sensors is necessary in personal and public health and safety, selected medical diagnosis techniques (point‐of‐care diagnostics), and personal entertainment systems. In this study, a highly sensitive, noninvasive, and skin‐attachable sensor made of a stable flexible piezoelectric thin film that is also free of hazardous elements to overcome the limitations of current computer‐vision‐based eye‐tracking systems and piezoelectric strain sensors is developed. The sensor fabricated from single‐crystalline III‐N thin film by a layer‐transfer technique is highly sensitive and can detect subtle movements of the eye. The flexible eye movement sensor converts the mechanical deformation (skin deflection by eye blinking and eyeball motion) with various frequencies and levels into electrical outputs. The sensor can detect abnormal eye flickering and conditions caused by fatigue and drowsiness, including overlong closure, hasty eye blinking, and half‐closed eyes. The abnormal eyeball motions, which may be the sign of several brain‐related diseases, can also be measured, as the sensor generates discernable output voltages from the direction of eyeball movements. This study provides a practical solution for continuous sensing of human eye blinking and eyeball motion as a critical part of personal healthcare, safety, and entertainment systems.
Molecularly Engineered Hierarchical Nanodisc from Antiparallel J‐stacked BODIPY Conjugates: Application to Theranostics with Mutually Beneficial Properties
Authors: Yan Xiaosa , Su Meihui , Liu Yanan , Zhang Yongkang , Zhang Hao , Li Changhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe J‐aggregation of dye‐functional group conjugates, which results in intriguing photophysical properties and highly ordered structures, has several advantages over that of monomeric dyes and exhibits augmented performance compared to that of monomeric functional groups, thereby providing a novel platform for devising materials with advanced functions. Herein, it is reported that a molecularly engineered nanodisc by the antiparallel J‐aggregation of halogenated BODIPY‐Gd(III), a dye‐functional group conjugate. The highly directional halogen‐bonding interactions enable a unique antiparallel J‐stacking of BODIPY‐Gd(III), resulting in an alternating, orderly arrangement of the functional Gd(III) groups on the surfaces of the nanodisc, and allowing water stability and an enhanced magnetic resonance signal. Moreover, the J‐stacked dyes render the nanodisc with excellent photothermal performance, such as intense NIR‐absorptivity, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and a nearly non‐photobleaching capability. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated the potential of the nanodisc as an efficient bimodal photoacoustic and high‐performing magnetic resonance imaging, and antitumor photothermal therapy agent. This conceptual work not only establishes a general strategy for nano‐J‐aggregates with desired dye arrangement, controlled size, and in vivo stability, but also advances the antiparallel J‐aggregation of dye‐functional group conjugates as a potential platform for multifunctional integration and modulation, wherein multiple functional groups and BODIPYs can be installed.
Is splenic hilar lymph node dissection necessary for proximal gastric cancer surgery?
Authors: Kinoshita Takahiro , Okayama Takafumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvanced proximal gastric cancer sometimes metastasizes to the splenic hilar lymph nodes (No. 10 LN). Total gastrectomy combined with splenectomy is performed for complete removal of the No. 10 LN and was historically a standard procedure in Japan. However, splenectomy is associated with several disadvantages for patients, such as increased postoperative morbidity, risk of thrombogenic disease, fatal infection from encapsulated bacteria, and the development of other types of cancer in the long term because of loss of immune function. Therefore, splenectomy should only be performed when its estimated oncological effect exceeds such disadvantages. A Japanese randomized controlled trial (JCOG0110) clearly demonstrated that prophylactic splenectomy is not necessary unless the tumor has invaded the greater curvature; thus, splenectomy is no longer routinely performed in Japan. However, several retrospective studies have shown a comparatively high incidence of No. 10 LN metastasis and therapeutic value from LN dissection at that station in the tumors invading the greater curvature. Similar tendencies have also been reported in type 4 or remnant gastric cancer involving the greater curvature. In view of these facts, No. 10 LN dissection is presently recommended for such patients; however, robust evidence is lacking. In recent years, laparoscopic/robotic spleen‐preserving splenic hilar dissection utilizing augmented visualization without pancreatic mobilization has been developed. This procedure is expected to replace prophylactic splenectomy and provide an equal oncological effect with lower morbidity. In Japan, a prospective phase‐II study (JCOG1809) is currently ongoing to investigate the safety and feasibility of this procedure.
Comparative morphometric analyses of the deciduous molars of Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa
Authors: Brophy Juliet K. , Moggi‐Cecchi Jacopo , Matthews Gregory J. , Bailey Shara E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to help elucidate the taxonomic relationship between Homo naledi and other hominins.Materials and MethodsHomo naledi deciduous maxillary and mandibular molars from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa were compared to those of Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus afarensis, Paranthropus robustus, Paranthropus boisei, early Homo sp., Homo erectus, early Homo sapiens, Upper Paleolithic H. sapiens, recent southern African H. sapiens, and Neanderthals by means of morphometric analyses of crown outlines and relative cusp areas. The crown shapes were analyzed using elliptical Fourier analyses followed by principal component analyses (PCA). The absolute and relative cusp areas were obtained in ImageJ and compared using PCA and cluster analyses.ResultsPCA suggests that the crown shapes and relative cusp areas of mandibular molars are more diagnostic than the maxillary molars. The H. naledi deciduous mandibular first and second molar (dm1 and dm2) do not have a strong affinity to any taxon in the comparative sample in all analyses. While the H. naledi dm2 plots as an outlier in the relative cusp analysis, the H. naledi specimen fall closest to Australopithecus due to their relatively large metaconid, a primitive trait for the genus Homo. Although useful for differentiating Neanderthals from recent southern African H. sapiens and UP H. sapiens, the PCA of the relative cusp areas suggests that the deciduous maxillary second molars (dm2) do not differentiate other groups. The three H. naledi dm2 cuspal areas are variable and fall within the ranges of other Homo, as well as Australopithecus, and Paranthropus suggesting weak diagnostic utility.DiscussionThis research provides another perspective on the morphology of, and variation within, H. naledi. The H. naledi deciduous molars do not consistently align with any genus or species in the comparative sample in either the crown shape or relative cusp analyses. This line of inquiry is consistent with other cranial and postcranial studies suggesting that H. naledi is unique.
Nanopartikel auf subnanometer dünnen oxidischen Filmen: Skalierung von Modellsystemen
Authors: Ament Kevin , Köwitsch Nicolas , Hou Dianwei , Götsch Thomas , Kröhnert Jutta , Heard Christopher J. , Trunschke Annette , Lunkenbein Thomas , Armbrüster Marc , Breu Josef 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDurch die Abscheidung von ultradünnen Oxidschichten auf atomar‐flachen Metalloberflächen konnte die elektronische Struktur des Metalls und hierdurch dessen katalytische Aktivität beeinflusst werden. Die Skalierung dieser Architekturen für eine technische Nutzbarkeit war bisher aber kaum möglich. Durch die Verwendung einer flüssigkristallinen Phase aus Fluorhectorit‐Nanoschichten, können wir solche Architekturen in skalierbarem Maßstab imitieren. Synthetischer Natriumfluorhectorit (NaHec) quillt spontan und repulsiv in Wasser zu einer nematischen flüssigkristallinen Phase aus individuellen Nanoschichten. Diese tragen eine permanente negative Schichtladung, sodass selbst bei einer Separation von über 60 nm eine parallele Anordnung der Schichten behalten wird. Zwischen diesen Nanoschichten können Palladium‐Nanopartikel mit entgegengesetzter Ladung eingelagert werden, wodurch die nematische Phase kollabiert und separierte Nanopartikel zwischen den Schichten fixiert werden. Die Aktivität zur CO‐Oxidation des so entstandenen Katalysators war höher als z. B. die der gleichen Nanopartikel auf konventionellem Al2O3 oder der externen Oberfläche von NaHec. Durch Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie konnte eine Verschiebung der Pd‐3d‐Elektronen zu höheren Bindungsenergien beobachtet werden, womit die erhöhte Aktivität erklärt werden kann. Berechnungen zeigten, dass mit erhöhter positiver Ladung des Pd die Adsorptionsstärke von CO erniedrigt und damit auch die Vergiftung durch CO vermindert wird.
Collective Total Synthesis of Casbane Diterpenes: One Strategy, Multiple Targets
Authors: Löffler Lorenz E. , Wirtz Conny , Fürstner Alois 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOf the more than 100 casbane diterpenes known to date, only the eponymous parent hydrocarbon casbene itself has ever been targeted by chemical synthesis. Outlined herein is a conceptually new approach that brings not a single but a variety of casbane derivatives into reach, especially the more highly oxygenated and arguably more relevant members of this family. The key design elements are a catalyst‐controlled intramolecular cyclopropanation with or without subsequent equilibration, chain extension of the resulting stereoisomeric cyclopropane building blocks by chemoselective hydroboration/cross‐coupling, and the efficient closure of the strained macrobicyclic framework by ring‐closing alkyne metathesis. A hydroxy‐directed catalytic trans‐hydrostannation allows for late‐stage diversity. These virtues are manifested in the concise total syntheses of depressin, yuexiandajisu A, and ent‐pekinenin C. The last compound turned out to be identical to euphorhylonal A, the structure of which had clearly been misassigned.
Effective treatment for environmental enhancing the performance of undesirable agro‐waste in production of carbon nanostructures as adsorbent
Authors: Basta Altaf H. , Lotfy Vivian F. , Fathy Nady A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe work in this article deals with enhancing the performance of rice straw (RS) for production of carbon nanostructures (CNSs), as aqueous phase adsorbents, as well as benefit solution for disposing of this undesirable waste and for avoiding the environmental risk from burning. In this respect, controlling the constituents of RS by enzymatic treatment, followed by hydrothermal treatment and carbonization was carried out. The benefit role of the performed treatments was supported via comparing these CNSs with those obtained from RS pretreated by chemical pulping processes; moreover, literature reported CNSs. Results deduced from SEM and TEM analyses showing that, the two investigated CNSs samples have different surface morphologies and comprised of graphitic carbons as nodules and multi‐layer graphene sheets. The investigated RS‐based CNSs own numerous of oxygen‐containing functional groups with low specific surface area and high mesopore volume; thus, they exhibited high iodine number of 959 and 863 mg/g, respectively. The CNSs from hydrochar of peroxidase treated RS has higher uptake to methylene blue (MB) dye (358 mg/g) than that produced from hydrochar of cellulase treated RS (202 mg/g), this may be related to its unique nanostructure. Both values are higher than that of reported CNSs, which obtained from chemical pulping processes (~ 54–119 mg/g). The adsorption of MB dye is well‐fitted with Langmuir and described by pseudo‐second order kinetic model.
Implementation of family‐based treatment for Asian adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A consecutive cohort examination of outcomes
Authors: Chew Chu Shan Elaine , Kelly Siobhan , Tay E. Eric , Baeg Amerie , Khaider Khairunisa Binte , Oh Jean Yin , Rajasegaran Kumudhini , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Davis Courtney 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the implementation of family‐based treatment (FBT) in an eating disorder program in Asia as well as clinical outcomes of Asian adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) treated with FBT.MethodThis retrospective consecutive cohort study of 147 Asian adolescents with AN was compared between those in FBT (n = 65) versus treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 82). Variables associated with weight restoration were analyzed between groups.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 14.2 (SD = 1.5) years and 93% were female. Mean presenting %mBMI was 74.0 (SD = 7.8) and average illness duration was 7.7 (SD = 6.1) months. The two groups' baseline characteristics were not significantly different. Weight restoration rates in the FBT group were significantly higher than the TAU group at 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐month time points. A linear mixed model showed the mean %mBMI was significantly higher at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months in the FBT group. The median time to weight restoration for patients on FBT was shorter (FBT: 7.0 months, TAU: 19.0 months; 95% CI [14.5, 23.5] χ2 = 15.84, p < .001). Within the FBT group, those that completed ≥9 FBT sessions had significantly higher rates of weight restoration at 12 months. Across all participants, those with a lower starting %mBMI were less likely to achieve weight restoration by 12 months.ConclusionFBT can be effectively implemented in a multidisciplinary eating disorder program managing Asian adolescents with AN with improved rates of weight restoration. Further research is needed to understand the predictors and moderators of remission using FBT in Asian adolescents with AN.
Morphological traits determine detectability bias in North American grassland butterflies
Authors: Kral‐O'Brien Katherine C. , Karasch Brooke M. , Hovick Torre J. , Moranz Raymond A. , Harmon Jason P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEcological research often includes observing and counting individuals to obtain a population estimate or index that can inform conservation, management, and policy. However, the ability to accurately estimate wildlife populations has always been hindered by bias, and researchers aim to overcome bias by using correction factors that calculate the relationship between observer counts and true counts. Accurate estimates of butterfly populations, for example, are especially necessary to inform management and policy, with over 40 species listed or proposed for listing under the United States Endangered Species Act. Researchers can utilize methods like line‐transect distance sampling (LTDS) to help account for detection bias and calculate more accurate estimates, but species‐specific traits or behaviors may influence survey effectiveness. We used LTDS to detect nearly 35,000 individuals of 33 species across five studies to calculate butterfly species' effective strip widths (ESW)—a type of correction factor—across grasslands in the Great Plains, USA. To better understand how species' traits influence detectability, we modeled the influence of species' morphological, life history, and behavioral traits on ESW. The average ESW was 5.42 m, but varied from 1.84 to 12.6 m. We found that morphology (size and color) impacted the ability of observers to detect butterflies, with larger and brightly colored butterflies detected farther away from observers compared to smaller and dull‐colored butterflies. Additionally, observers were generally better at detecting individuals while they were flying and nectaring compared to resting. Surprisingly, species' life history and ecological traits did not help explain detectability differences. As conservation efforts continue to increase for butterflies, improved estimates of their population size will be necessary to evaluate management strategies and aid conservation decision‐making for future policy. Future surveys need to consider butterfly size and color, adjusting weather protocols when necessary, to minimize and account for bias associated with butterfly species, especially if accurate population estimates are a study goal.
Osteomalacia and Vitamin D Status: A Clinical Update 2020
Authors: Minisola Salvatore , Colangelo Luciano , Pepe Jessica , Diacinti Daniele , Cipriani Cristiana , Rao Sudhaker D 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTHistorically, rickets and osteomalacia have been synonymous with vitamin D deficiency dating back to the 17th century. The term osteomalacia, which literally means soft bone, was traditionally applied to characteristic radiologically or histologically documented skeletal disease and not just to clinical or biochemical abnormalities. Osteomalacia results from impaired mineralization of bone that can manifest in several types, which differ from one another by the relationships of osteoid (ie, unmineralized bone matrix) thickness both with osteoid surface and mineral apposition rate. Osteomalacia related to vitamin D deficiency evolves in three stages. The initial stage is characterized by normal serum levels of calcium and phosphate and elevated alkaline phosphatase, PTH, and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]—the latter a consequence of increased PTH. In the second stage, serum calcium and often phosphate levels usually decline, and both serum PTH and alkaline phosphatase values increase further. However, serum 1,25(OH)2D returns to normal or low values depending on the concentration of its substrate, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD; the best available index of vitamin D nutrition) and the degree of PTH elevation. In the final stage, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia are invariably low with further exacerbation of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The exact,or even an approximate, prevalence of osteomalacia caused by vitamin D deficiency is difficult to estimate, most likely it is underrecognized or misdiagnosed as osteoporosis. Signs and symptoms include diffuse bone, muscle weakness, and characteristic fracture pattern, often referred to as pseudofractures, involving ribs, scapulae, pubic rami, proximal femurs, and codfish‐type vertebrae. The goal of therapy of vitamin D‐deficiency osteomalacia is to alleviate symptoms, promote fracture healing, restore bone strength, and improve quality of life while correcting biochemical abnormalities. There is a need for better understanding of the epidemiology of osteomalacia. Simplified tools validated by concurrent bone histology should be developed to help clinicians promptly diagnose osteomalacia. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Applications and advancements of FT‐ICR‐MS for interactome studies
Authors: Chavez Juan D. , Park Sung‐Gun , Mohr Jared P. , Bruce James E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe set of all intra‐ and intermolecular interactions, collectively known as the interactome, is currently an unmet challenge for any analytical method, but if measured, could provide unparalleled insight on molecular function in living systems. Developments and applications of chemical cross‐linking and high‐performance mass spectrometry technologies are beginning to reveal details on how proteins interact in cells and how protein conformations and interactions inside cells change with phenotype or during drug treatment or other perturbations. A major contributor to these advances is Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) technology and its implementation with accurate mass measurements on cross‐linked peptide‐pair precursor and fragment ions to enable improved identification methods. However, these applications place increased demands on mass spectrometer performance in terms of high‐resolution spectral acquisition rates for on‐line MSn experiments. Moreover, FT‐ICR‐MS also offers unique opportunities to develop and implement parallel ICR cells for multiplexed signal acquisition and the potential to greatly advance accurate mass acquisition rates for interactome studies. This review highlights our efforts to exploit accurate mass FT‐ICR‐MS technologies with chemical cross‐linking and developments being pursued to realize parallel MS array capabilities that will further advance visualization of the interactome.
Entire calcaneus reconstruction with pedicled composite fibular growth plate flap in a pediatric patient
Authors: Ozols Dzintars , Blums Kristaps , Krumins Maris , Butnere Marisa Maija , Nefjodovs Vadims 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraumatic calcanectomy is a complicated rare condition that results in chronic pain and loss of limb function as the calcaneus is crucial for bearing weight. For an adult, possible treatment options are limited to below knee amputation, bone grafts, and 3D prosthesis; however, for the pediatric population, therapeutic data are scarce. In this case report, the authors describe a technique that provides the possibility for hindfoot reconstruction while maintaining growth potential without traumatizing other anatomic regions. A 5‐year‐old patient presented in the emergency department after he accidentally slipped under a lawnmower, which resulted in full calcaneal amputation with large bone and plantar soft tissue defects from the medial to lateral malleoli. Four days later, reconstructive surgery was performed using a composite vascularized pedicle growth plate flap. The flap was based on the retrograde anterior tibial artery and consisted of the peroneus longus muscle and fasciocutaneous perforator flap to maintain soft tissue coverage. The calcaneus was reconstructed by a double barrel fibular transplant localizing the growth plate in the distal part of the neocalcaneus. Full consolidation of the fibular barrels was achieved and the growth plate was still open at the 8‐year follow‐up. The fibular transplant has acquired a similar shape to a calcaneus with symmetric flattening and opposite side angulation. The patient's lower extremity functional score was 78/80 points. Reconstruction of an amputated calcaneal bone is rare and complicated, especially for pediatric patients. Authors demonstrate treatment with a complex vascularized flap for sustained growth and good functional outcome in the long term.
A novel approach for modeling order picking paths
Authors: Ozden Sabahattin G. , Smith Alice E. , Gue Kevin R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe introduce the visibility graph as an alternative way to estimate the length of a route traveled by order pickers in a warehouse. Heretofore it has been assumed that workers travel along a network of travel paths corresponding to centers of aisles, including along the right angles formed where picking aisles join cross aisles. A visibility graph forms travel paths that correspond to more direct and, we believe, more appropriate “travel by sight.” We compare distance estimations of the visibility graph and the aisle‐centers method analytically for a common traditional warehouse design. We conduct a range of computational experiments for both traditional and fishbone warehouse layouts to assess the impact of this change in distance metric. Distance estimations using aisle‐centers calculates a length of a picking tour on average 10–20% longer compared to distance estimations based on the visibility graph. The visibility graph metric also has implications for warehouse design: when comparing three traditional layouts, the distance model using a visibility graph resulted in choosing a different best layout in 13.3% of the cases.