bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A latent change score approach to understanding dynamic autonomic coordination
Authors: Rudd Kristen L. , Yates Tuppett M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChildren's self‐regulation is a core adaptive system in child development. Physiological indices of regulation, particularly the autonomic nervous system (ANS), have garnered increased attention as an informative level of analysis in regulation research. Cardiography supports the simultaneous examination of both ANS branches via measures of pre‐ejection period (PEP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as indicators of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively. However, despite their heavily intertwined functions, research examining autonomic coordination across sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is scarce. Moreover, extant efforts have favored static, mean level reactivity analyses, despite the dynamic nature of ANS regulation and the availability of analytic tools that can model these processes across time. This study drew on a sample of 198 six‐year‐old children from a diverse community sample (49.5% female, 43.9% Latinx) to examine dynamic autonomic coordination using bivariate latent change score modeling to evaluate bidirectional influences of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity over the course of a challenging puzzle completion task. Results indicated that children evidenced reciprocal sympathetic activation (i.e., PEP attenuation and RSA withdrawal) across the challenge task, and these regulatory responses were characterized by a temporally leading influence of PEP on lagging changes in RSA. The current findings contribute to our understanding of children's autonomic coordination while illustrating a novel analytic technique to advance ongoing efforts to understand the etiology and developmental significance of children's physiological self‐regulation.
A comparison of the bioremediation potential of five seaweed species in an integrated fish‐seaweed aquaculture system: implication for a multi‐species seaweed culture
Authors: Kang Yun Hee , Kim Sangil , Choi Sun Kyeong , Lee Hyuk Je , Chung Ik Kyo , Park Sang Rul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigated the growth and bioremediation potential of five local seaweed species (Codium fragile, Ulva pertusa, Ecklonia stolonifera, Saccharina japonica and Gracilariopsis chorda), using an integrated fish‐seaweed culture system as a biofilter for effluents from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) tanks. The specific growth rate, biomass and net yield values of green algae were higher than those of brown algae. The tissue N and P levels of all species increased at the end of the experiment, but N:P ratios varied among seaweed species. The uptake rate and efficiency of total ammonia nitrogen uptake were the highest in U. pertusa and lowest in S. japonica. The phosphate uptake efficiency among all species ranged from 43% for S. japonica to 30% for G. chorda. These results suggest that all species can efficiently remove enriched nitrogen and phosphorus from fish tank effluents and are suitable for integrated aquaculture and bioremediation. However, inter‐specific differences were observed among seaweeds with regard to the biofiltration performance for different forms of nitrogen. The highest total oxidized nitrogen (ToxN) uptake efficiency was observed in E. stolonifera and S. japonica, while the lowest was observed in U. pertusa. ToxN uptake rates of E. stolonifera and S. japonica was 1.8 times higher than that of U. pertusa. Thus, a seaweed polyculture that included species with varying nitrogen source‐specific biofiltration activities might allow us to remove nutrients from effluents more effectively. These results provide valuable information regarding the selection of optimal seaweed species in fish‐seaweed integrated systems.
The rise of the Swiss regulatory healthcare state: On preserving the just in the quest for the better (or less expensive?)
Authors: Levy Melanie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolitical theories of the modern state describe a rise of the regulatory healthcare state, balancing the imperatives of cost control and quality assurance and welfare norms such as solidarity. This paper analyses the unique case of Switzerland, where the rise of the regulatory healthcare state occurred late and incompletely, with the adoption of the Federal Health Insurance Law in 1994. The Swiss federal state pursues the social objective of universal access to healthcare through social health insurance regulation. This paper demonstrates that economic efficiency has not been the primary goal of healthcare coverage within the Swiss regulatory healthcare state despite rising costs. As another exceptional feature, Switzerland has diverged from the traditional path of judicial behavior in the regulatory state. This paper critically dissects how the Swiss Federal Court has become a crucial actor, imposing limits on access to healthcare and shaping decision‐making criteria for social regulation, such as cost‐benefit and cost‐impact analysis. Through this judicialization of limit‐setting, the judiciary engages in an ongoing constitutional dialogue on the limits of the regulatory welfare state and its sustainability for the future.
On The Interplay between Exposure Misclassification and Informative Cluster Size
Authors: McGee Glen , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Weisskopf Marc G. , Haneuse Sebastien , Coull Brent A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA recent multigenerational study of diethylstilbestrol and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exhibited signs of both informative cluster size—the outcome was more prevalent in small families—and exposure misclassification—self-report of familial diethylstilbestrol exposure was substantially mismeasured. Motivated by this, we study the effect of exposure misclassification when cluster size is potentially informative and, in particular, when misclassification is differential by cluster size. We find that: misclassification in an exposure that is related to cluster size induces informativeness when cluster size would otherwise be non-informative; and misclassification that is differential by informative cluster size may attenuate, inflate or possibly reverse the sign of estimates. To mitigate these issues, we propose an observed likelihood correction for joint models of cluster size and outcomes, and an expected estimating equations correction. We evaluate these approaches in simulations and in application to the motivating data from the second Nurses Health Study, NHS II.
Sedimentary anatomy and hydrological record of relic fluvial deposits in a karst cave conduit
Authors: Bella Pavel , Gradziński Michał , Hercman Helena , Leszczyński Stanisław , Nemec Wojciech 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis case study from the renowned Demänová Cave System in the Carpathians of Slovakia demonstrates that the conventional methods of fluvial sedimentology, combined with an allostratigraphic mapping and speleothem U‐series isotopic dating, can give unprecedented insights into the hydrological history of underground karst conduit. The deposits studied are a relic compound sidebar ranging from gravel to mud and encapsulating the conduit’s hydrological history from the middle Pleistocene to the present time. A succession of 10 allostratigraphic units, time‐constrained by speleothems, are recognized in the sidebar deposits, and the corresponding morphodynamics of an evolving cave‐floor sedimentation are reconstructed in considerable detail. The subterranean river water stages recognized from the deposits, time‐constrained by flowstone layers and stalagmites, correlate with and add to the regional record of climate changes. Two distinct episodes of flow ponding (high‐stage slackwater conditions) are recognized and attributed to the independently documented downstream cave‐roof collapses, probably triggered by the Carpathian post‐orogenic earthquakes. This multidisciplinary study may serve as a useful methodological guide for the analysis of fluviokarstic deposits in speleological research and reconstruction of their hosting cave hydrological history.
Attitudes towards Debt and Debt Behavior*
Authors: Almenberg Johan , Lusardi Annamaria , Säve‐Söderbergh Jenny , Vestman Roine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce a novel survey measure of attitude towards debt. Matching our survey results with panel data on Swedish household balance sheets from registry data, we show that our measure of debt attitude helps to explain individual variation in indebtedness as well as debt build‐up and spending behavior in the period 2004–2007. As an explanatory variable, debt attitude compares well with a number of other determinants of debt, including education, risk‐taking, and financial literacy. We also provide evidence that suggests that debt attitude is passed down along family lines and has a cultural element.
Advancing the historical geography of late Ottoman and British Mandate Palestine using GIScience: A review
Authors: Zohar Motti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLate Ottoman Empire and Mandate Palestine are two important periods preceding independent Israel, characterized by increased attention to Palestine along with modernization processes and substantial landscape changes. Significant increase is also noted in survey and mapping, resulting in a wealth of visual sources. However, while textual sources were used intensively in various studies, the latter were analyzed to a much lesser extent. A major discipline based on the study of visual sources is historical geography. However, lately it seems that historical geography worldwide seeks for new approaches while struggling to retain dominancy in an environment becoming more computerized and technological. In this article I review the opportunities, pitfalls, and challenges of incorporating GIScience into the historical geography of late Ottoman and Mandate Palestine. Accordingly, it is suggested that a proper integration will contribute a substantial theoretical and methodological novelty while boosting the discipline of historical geography as well as other social sciences and humanities disciplines.
Characterization of ancestral myosin XI from Marchantia polymorpha by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Duan Zhongrui , Tanaka Misato , Kanazawa Takehiko , Haraguchi Takeshi , Takyu Akiko , Era Atsuko , Ueda Takashi , Ito Kohji , Tominaga Motoki 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPrevious studies have revealed duplications and diversification of myosin XI genes between angiosperms and bryophytes; however, the functional differentiation and conservation of myosin XI between them remain unclear. Here, we identified a single myosin XI gene from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (Mp). The molecular properties of Mp myosin XI are similar to those of Arabidopsis myosin XIs responsible for cytoplasmic streaming, suggesting that the motor function of myosin XI is able to generate cytoplasmic streaming. In cultured Arabidopsis cells, transiently expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐fused Mp myosin XI was observed as some intracellular structures moving along the F‐actin. These intracellular structures were co‐localized with motile endoplasmic reticulum (ER) strands, suggesting that Mp myosin XI binds to the ER and generates intracellular transport in Arabidopsis cells. The tail domain of Mp myosin XI was co‐localized with that of Arabidopsis myosin XI‐2 and XI‐K, suggesting that all these myosin XIs bind to common cargoes. Furthermore, expression of GFP‐fused Mp myosin XI rescued the defects of growth, cytoplasmic streaming and actin organization in Arabidopsis multiple myosin XI knockout mutants. The heterologous expression experiments demonstrated the cellular and physiological competence of Mp myosin XI in Arabidopsis. However, the average velocity of organelle transport in Marchantia rhizoids was 0.04 ± 0.01 μm s−1, which is approximately one‐hundredth of that in Arabidopsis cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the molecular properties of myosin XI are conserved, but myosin XI‐driven intracellular transport in vivo would be differentiated from bryophytes to angiosperms.
Searching for remote homologs of CAML among eukaryotes
Authors: Borgese Nica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe tryptophan rich basic protein/calcium signal‐modulating cyclophilin ligand (WRB/CAML) and Get1p/Get2p complexes, in vertebrates and yeast, respectively, mediate the final step of tail‐anchored protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane via the Get pathway. While WRB appears to exist in all eukaryotes, CAML homologs were previously recognized only among chordates, raising the question as to how CAML's function is performed in other phyla. Furthermore, whereas WRB was recognized as the metazoan homolog of Get1, CAML and Get2, although functionally equivalent, were not considered to be homologous. CAML contains an N‐terminal basic, TRC40/Get3‐interacting, region, three transmembrane segments near the C‐terminus, and a poorly conserved region between these domains. Here, I searched the NCBI protein database for remote CAML homologs in all eukaryotes, using position‐specific iterated‐basic local alignment search tool, with the C‐terminal, the N‐terminal or the full‐length sequence of human CAML as query. The N‐terminal basic region and full‐length CAML retrieved homologs among metazoa, plants and fungi. In the latter group several hits were annotated as GET2. The C‐terminal query did not return entries outside of the animal kingdom, but did retrieve over one hundred invertebrate metazoan CAML‐like proteins, which all conserved the N‐terminal TRC40‐binding domain. The results indicate that CAML homologs exist throughout the eukaryotic domain of life, and suggest that metazoan CAML and yeast GET2 share a common evolutionary origin. They further reveal a tight link between the particular features of the metazoan membrane‐anchoring domain and the TRC40‐interacting region. The list of sequences presented here should provide a useful resource for future studies addressing structure‐function relationships in CAML proteins.
Conform or challenge? Adjustment strategies of sanction‐torn companies
Authors: Weber Patrick Maximilian , Stępień Beata 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe literature on sanctions often neglects the role of domestic firms in sender states, although sanctions only have a real economic effect when senders’ firms reduce their activities on the target's market. In contrast, sanctions avoidance and increasing investments in the target country (the observed behaviour of many companies facing the EU sanctions against Russia imposed in 2014) mitigate the impact of these restrictive measures. While sanctions increase the political risk for companies, they also offer economic opportunities—and previous studies could not settle the debate on which factor prevails. By evaluating responses from British, French, German, Italian and Polish enterprises to an online survey distributed in 2017, we analyse at the firm level how sanction‐torn companies adjust to new political orders and what drives their strategic decisions. We find evidence that resource dependency induces strategies that challenge sanction policies: in particular, non‐fungible assets in the target country incentivise companies to further increase their engagement. These defiance strategies diminish the real economic effect of sanctions and generate a new economic equilibrium, which has negative long‐term implications on the choice set of policymakers to further pursue the imposition of sanctions and which even outlasts the lifting of these restrictive measures.
Biologic variation of symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine in clinically healthy cats
Authors: Prieto Jennifer M. , Carney Patrick C. , Miller Meredith L. , Rishniw Mark , Randolph John F. , Farace Giosi , Bilbrough Graham , Yerramilli Maha , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiologic variation of biochemical analytes, both within individuals and between individuals, determines whether population‐based reference intervals (RIs) are appropriate when interpreting if a particular change is clinically relevant for a specific individual.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the biologic variation of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in clinically healthy cats.MethodsA prospective, observational study was performed in which 10 clinically healthy, client‐owned cats were sampled for serum biochemical analyses once weekly for 6 weeks. Serum samples were frozen, and then single batches were analyzed for SDMA, using both liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (LC‐MS), and an enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), and creatinine by modified Jaffe method. Restricted maximum likelihood estimations were used to determine the coefficients of variation (CVs) describing variation within each cat, between cats, and the analytical variation. These CVs were used to determine the indices of individuality and reference change values (RCVs).ResultsSDMA had an intermediate index of individuality that could be evaluated by both RCV and population‐based RIs. In contrast, creatinine had a high index of individuality best evaluated with RCVs. Serum SDMA concentrations evaluated with either the reference standard, LC‐MS, or the clinically used EMIT yielded similar results.ConclusionsClinicians should consider biologic variation when selecting the best method for interpreting changes in biochemical analytes. Specifically, establishing each cat's baseline serum creatinine and SDMA concentrations during health, and applying RCVs to subsequent measurements could improve the recognition of meaningful biologic changes.
Weed community responses to soil type during transition to no‐till practice on smallholder farms in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mavunganidze Zira , Madakadze Ignacio Casper , Nyamangara Justice , Mafongoya Paramu , Mashingaidze Nester 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding drivers of weed density and diversity is essential for the development of weed management strategies. Here, we compared temporal changes in weed density and diversity under no‐till (NT) and conventional (CONV) tillage systems in cotton–maize rotations on loam, clay loam and sandy loam soils immediately after transition to NT in Kadoma, Zimbabwe. The effect of tillage system on weed density varied through the growth season and was dependent upon soil type and species composition of the weed community. Although weed responses to tillage system varied amongst species, we identified general trend effects on weed density on specific soils. At 3 weeks after crop emergence (WACE), weed density on loam soils was 76% and 96% higher in NT than in CONV during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons, respectively, and on clay loam soils it was 37% and 33% higher in NT than CONV, respectively. Weed densities in NT and CONV were similar across all soil types at 6 WACE during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons and at 9 WACE in 2009/2010. Tillage system did not affect weed density during the growth season on sandy loam soils. Weed diversity (Shannon index) was at least 75% higher in NT than CONV on loam and clay loam soils at 3 WACE during both seasons. It is likely these increases in weed densities following conversion to NT will exacerbate already prevalent weed management problems in the smallholder sector. Earlier weeding is recommended to suppress weed emergence and reduce likely associated crop yield losses.
Effectiveness and safety of human amnion/chorion membrane therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: An updated meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Huang Wentao , Chen Yongsong , Wang Nasui , Yin Guoshu , Wei Chiju , Xu Wencan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman amnion/chorion membrane therapy has shown advantages in the management of diabetic foot ulcers and its effectiveness has been evaluated in the systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. However, the number of patients included in the previous literatures was small and the safety profile of human amnion/chorion membrane therapy was not concerned. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta‐analysis to better understand the effectiveness and safety of human amnion/chorion membrane therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, andClinicalTrial.govdatabases were searched for any randomized clinical trials comparing human amnion/chorion membrane therapy and standard therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Ulcer healing rate was considered as the primary outcome and the secondary outcomes mainly included mean time to ulcer healing and adverse events. Nine RCTs with 541 patients were included. Compared with merely standard therapy, human amnion/chorion membrane therapy plus standard therapy improved the ulcer healing rates at 6 weeks (RR = 3.50, 95% CI: 2.35‐5.21), 12 weeks (RR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.53‐2.85) and 16 weeks (RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.25‐2.30), and also shortened the healing time (MD = −4.58, 95% CI: −5.70 to −3.46). Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed in the number of patients with adverse events (RR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.31‐1.03) between two groups. This meta‐analysis suggests that human amnion/chorion membrane therapy as an adjuvant treatment could promote the healing of diabetic foot ulcers and has a safety profile. More evidence from large high‐quality randomized clinical trials with long follow‐up duration are in urgent need to further confirm our findings.
C‐Kit+ progenitors restore rat asthmatic lung function by modulation of T‐bet and GATA‐3 expression
Authors: Heiran Hossein , Ahmadi Mahdi , Rahbarghazi Reza , Mir‐ershadi Fatemeh , Delkhosh Aref , Khaksar Majid , Heidarzadeh Morteza , Keyhanmanesh Rana 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The aim of the experiment was to highlight the regenerative capacity of bone marrow Kit+ cells in the restoration of asthmatic pulmonary function in the rat model.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Data showed that these cells were recruited successfully to the asthmatic niche after intratracheal administration and accelerated the regeneration of asthmatic lungs by the modulation of inflammation via the control of Gata3 and Tbx21 expression, leading to decreased tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and reduction of pathological remodelling.

AbstractAllergic asthma is a T helper (Th) 2 immunological disorder with consequential uncontrolled inflammatory responses. There is an increasing demand to use new methods for the treatment of asthma based on modulation of the Th2‐to‐Th1 ratio in favour of the Th1 population. Accordingly, we decided to evaluate the effects of intratracheal administration of Kit+ bone marrow cells on tracheal responsiveness and the expression of Gata3 and Tbx21 genes. Forty male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into four experimental groups: healthy rats (control group), sensitized rats (OVA group), sensitized rats receiving Kit− cells (OVA+Kit− group) and sensitized rats receiving Kit+ cells (OVA+Kit+ group). Total and differential white blood cell counts, tracheal responsiveness to cumulative methacholine concentrations and histopathological analysis were evaluated. The results showed a statistically significant increase in total white blood cell, eosinophil and neutrophil counts, tracheal contractility, Gata3 expression and prototypical histopathology of asthma. Along with these conditions, we found that the number of lymphocytes was decreased and expression of Tbx21 diminished in sensitized rats compared with control animals. Monitoring of labelled tagged cells confirmed successful engraftment of transplanted cells in pulmonary tissue. Juxtaposition of Kit+ cells changed the blood leucogram closer to the control values. Kit+ cells increased the expression of Tbx21 and suppressed Gata3 (P < 0.05). In the OVA+Kit+ group, tracheal responsiveness was improved coincident with increased pulmonary regeneration. In conclusion, this study showed that intratracheal administration of bone marrow‐derived Kit+ cells, but not Kit− cells, could be effective in the alleviation of asthma, presumably by the modulation of Gata3 and Tbx21.