bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESA Field-Aligned Currents—Methodology Inter-comparison Exercise
Authors: Trenchi Lorenzo ,   The FAC-MICE Team, Kauristie K. , Käki S. , Vanhamäki Heikki , Juusola L. , Blagau Adrian , Vogt Joachim , Marghitu Octav , Dunlop M. W. , Yang Y.-Y. , Yang J.-Y. , Lühr Hermann , Kervalishvili Guram , Rauberg Jan , Stolle Claudia , Pakhotin Ivan P. , Mann Ian R. , Forsyth C. , Rae I. J. , Wu Jiashu , Gjerloev J. , Ohtani S. , Friel M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVarious ESA projects and several proposals to first Swarm DISC Call for Ideas (May 2016) suggested possible evolution for the current Swarm Level 2 FAC products, and the implementation of quality flags for the FAC products. The Field-Aligned Currents—Methodology Inter-Comparison Exercise (FAC-MICE) consisted in comparison of the various methods to determine the FAC from Swarm data, with a test dataset of 28 Swarm auroral crossings delivered to participants last June. Eight groups performed the FAC-MICE analysis. The results of this exercise, discussed in the dedicated ‘Swarm Ionospheric Currents Products workshop’ in ESTEC on September 2017, highlighted the strengths of the various methods/approaches. Following discussion with the participants to this workshop, we are now working to develop an open source platform for user-definable FAC calculation.
Correlation of prevention practices with rates of health care-associated Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Musuuza Jackson S. , McKinley Linda , Keating Julie A. , Obasi Chidi , Knobloch Mary Jo , Crnich Christopher , Evans Charlesnika T. , Evans Martin E. , Livorsi Daniel , Morgan Daniel J. , Perencevich Eli N. , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Schweizer Marin L. , Suda Katie J. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Safdar Nasia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:We examined Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) prevention practices and their relationship with hospital-onset healthcare facility-associated CDI rates (CDI rates) in Veterans Affairs (VA) acute-care facilities.Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:From January 2017 to February 2017, we conducted an electronic survey of CDI prevention practices and hospital characteristics in the VA. We linked survey data with CDI rate data for the period January 2015 to December 2016. We stratified facilities according to whether their overall CDI rate per 10,000 bed days of care was above or below the national VA mean CDI rate. We examined whether specific CDI prevention practices were associated with an increased risk of a CDI rate above the national VA mean CDI rate.Results:All 126 facilities responded (100% response rate). Since implementing CDI prevention practices in July 2012, 60 of 123 facilities (49%) reported a decrease in CDI rates; 22 of 123 facilities (18%) reported an increase, and 41 of 123 (33%) reported no change. Facilities reporting an increase in the CDI rate (vs those reporting a decrease) after implementing prevention practices were 2.54 times more likely to have CDI rates that were above the national mean CDI rate. Whether a facility’s CDI rates were above or below the national mean CDI rate was not associated with self-reported cleaning practices, duration of contact precautions, availability of private rooms, or certification of infection preventionists in infection prevention.Conclusions:We found considerable variation in CDI rates. We were unable to identify which particular CDI prevention practices (i.e., bundle components) were associated with lower CDI rates.
Incidence and risk factors of non–device-associated pneumonia in an acute-care hospital
Authors: Strassle Paula D. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Klompas Michael , Lund Jennifer L. , Stewart Paul W. , Marx Ashley H. , DiBiase Lauren M. , Weber David J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:To update current estimates of non–device-associated pneumonia (ND pneumonia) rates and their frequency relative to ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and identify risk factors for ND pneumonia.Design:Cohort study.Setting:Academic teaching hospital.Patients:All adult hospitalizations between 2013 and 2017 were included. Pneumonia (device associated and non–device associated) were captured through comprehensive, hospital-wide active surveillance using CDC definitions and methodology.Results:From 2013 to 2017, there were 163,386 hospitalizations (97,485 unique patients) and 771 pneumonia cases (520 ND pneumonia and 191 VAP). The rate of ND pneumonia remained stable, with 4.15 and 4.54 ND pneumonia cases per 10,000 hospitalization days in 2013 and 2017 respectively (P= .65). In 2017, 74% of pneumonia cases were ND pneumonia. Male sex and increasing age we both associated with increased risk of ND pneumonia. Additionally, patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema (hazard ratio [HR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–3.06), congestive heart failure (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.07–2.05), or paralysis (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09–2.73) were also at increased risk, as were those who were immunosuppressed (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18–2.00) or in the ICU (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.06–2.09). We did not detect a change in ND pneumonia risk with use of chlorhexidine mouthwash, total parenteral nutrition, all medications of interest, and prior ventilation.Conclusion:The incidence rate of ND pneumonia did not change from 2013 to 2017, and 3 of 4 nosocomial pneumonia cases were non–device associated. Hospital infection prevention programs should consider expanding the scope of surveillance to include non-ventilated patients. Future research should continue to look for modifiable risk factors and should assess potential prevention strategies.
A Cretaceous dinoflagellate cyst zonation for NE Greenland
Authors: Nøhr-Hansen H. , Piasecki S. , Alsen P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA palynostratigraphic zonation is for the first time established for the entire Cretaceous succession in NE Greenland from Traill Ø in the south to Store Koldewey in the north (72–76.5° N). The zonation is based on samples from three cores and more than 100 outcrop sections. The zonation is calibrated to an updated ammonite zonation from the area and to palynozonations from the northern North Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea areas. The palynozonation is primarily based on dinoflagellate cyst and accessory pollen. The Cretaceous succession is divided into 15 palynozones: seven Lower Cretaceous zones and eight Upper Cretaceous zones. The two lowermost zones are new. The following five (Lower Cretaceous) zones have already been described. Two of the Upper Cretaceous zones are new. The zones have been subdivided into 20 subzones, 11 of which have been described previously and one of which has been revised/redefined. Nine subzones (Upper Cretaceous) are new. More than 100 stratigraphical events representing more than 70 stratigraphic levels have been recognized and presented in an event-stratigraphic scheme.
The Discursive Construction of Accessibility and its Implications for Outreach Work
Authors: GRYMONPREZ HANS , HERMANS KOEN , ROOSE RUDI 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHomeless individuals often find that welfare services are inaccessible, despite being designed to meet their needs. This frictions with access which is a fundamental principle in western welfare states. Adaptations in social policy and service delivery are therefore made to deal with the problem of inaccessibility to services and welfare rights. One such adaptation is outreach work and is often developed to engage with homeless people and link them up with available services. This raises questions on the transformative potential of outreach work to deal with those mechanisms which result in inaccessibility. We argue that in a context in which accessibility is increasingly guaranteed by rights-based frameworks, exclusion management is also increasing. This is due to hybrid developments in social policy and welfare ideology. Nonetheless, the initial transformational potential of outreach work never really vanished.
Successful Aging: Indigenous Men Aging in a Good Way with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ryan Chaneesa , Jackson Randy , Gabel Chelsea , King Alexandra , Masching Renee , Thomas Elder Cliff 
Published: October 2019

RÉSUMÉLes traitements associés au VIH ayant progressé au cours des 30 dernières années, le nombre de personnes âgées vivant avec le VIH s’est accru. Ce phénomène est particulièrement important chez les peuples autochtones du Canada, compte tenu de la surreprésentation chronique de cette population dans les diagnostics de VIH. Toutefois, peu de données sont disponibles sur l’expérience des Autochtones séropositifs plus âgés. Une approche fondée sur les forces a permis d’explorer comment les hommes autochtones plus âgés vivant avec le VIH conçoivent le vieillissement réussi. La recherche a été menée en partenariat avec le Réseau canadien autochtone sur le sida. Des hommes des Premières nations, Inuits et Métis, âgés de 43 à 63 ans et séropositifs depuis 10 à 29 ans, ont participé à des groupes de discussion et à des entrevues. Une approche analytique ouverte a été utilisée pour étudier le contenu des transcriptions. Les codes ont été développés en collaboration, par un processus inductif et itératif. Nous présentons l’analyse des points communs entre les groupes autochtones, ainsi que nos réflexions sur l’application du modèle de vieillissement réussi aux hommes autochtones plus âgés ayant le VIH.
Antineuroinflammatory therapy: potential treatment for autism spectrum disorder by inhibiting glial activation and restoring synaptic function
Authors: Li Yong-Jiang , Zhang Xiaojie , Li Ya-Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interactions and perseverative and stereotypical behavior. Growing evidence points toward a critical role for synaptic dysfunction in the onset of ASD, and synaptic function is influenced by glial cells. Considering the evidence that neuroinflammation in ASD is mediated by glial cells, one hypothesis is that reactive glial cells, under inflammatory conditions, contribute to the loss of synaptic functions and trigger ASD. Ongoing pharmacological treatments for ASD, including oxytocin, vitamin D, sulforaphane, and resveratrol, are promising and are shown to lead to improvements in behavioral performance in ASD. More importantly, their pharmacological mechanisms are closely related to anti-inflammation and synaptic protection. We focus this review on the hypothesis that synaptic dysfunction caused by reactive glial cells would lead to ASD, and discuss the potentials of antineuroinflammatory therapy for ASD.
A Meta-Analysis of Neuropsychological Functioning in the Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia: Comparison with the Semantic and Non-Fluent Variants
Authors: Kamath Vidyulata , Sutherland Emily R. , Chaney Grace-Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectives:The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) has disparate pathological and anatomical features when compared to the semantic (svPPA) and non-fluent (nfvPPA) variants of PPA. As such, there is increasing need for measures that improve diagnostic accuracy particularly when etiology-specific treatments become available. In the current study, we used meta-analytic methods to establish the neuropsychological profile of lvPPA and compare it to recent findings in svPPA and nfvPPA.Methods:We extracted neuropsychological data from 51 publications representing 663 lvPPA patients and 1379 controls. We calculated Hedges’ g effect sizes for nine domains of neuropsychological functioning in lvPPA and assessed the influence of demographic, disease, and task characteristics on effect size magnitude. Results obtained in lvPPA were compared to findings in svPPA and nfvPPA.Results:In lvPPA, the magnitude of deficits in attention, math, visuospatial memory, and executive functioning were as prominent as language deficits. Within the language domain, lvPPA patients demonstrated greater naming than repetition deficits. Compared to svPPA and nfvPPA, lvPPA patients demonstrated greater neuropsychological deficits overall and greater impairment on attention, math, and visual set-shifting tests.Conclusions:Tests of attention, delayed visuospatial memory, visual set-shifting, and math distinguish lvPPA from svPPA and nfvPPA likely reflecting the posterior temporoparietal atrophy observed early in the course of lvPPA. These findings support the inclusion of these measures in the clinical neuropsychological assessment of lvPPA and underscore the need for additional clinicopathological and longitudinal studies of arithmetic and visuospatial memory across the PPA variants.
Multi-Session Anodal Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation does not Improve Executive Functions among Older Adults
Authors: Yu Junhong , Lam Charlene L.M. , Man Idy S.C. , Shao Robin , Lee Tatia M.C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:Findings from single-session online studies highlighted the potential of using anodal prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance executive functions (EF) in the context of aging. However, tDCS must be executed as a multi-session offline intervention to ascertain its viability in this context. Relatedly, findings from multi-session studies remained inconclusive. To this end, we examined the effects of multi-session anodal prefrontal tDCS on EF in an intervention.Method:The intervention consisted of 15 sessions; in each, healthy older participants (Agemean = 66.7) received either 15 min of 1.5 mA tDCS (Ncompleted = 35) or sham stimulation (Ncompleted = 33) while performing EF training tasks. EF measures were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 1-month follow-up. Hierarchical linear models were used to examine the effect of tDCS on EF outcomes.Results:Both groups of participants did not differ significantly in side effect ratings and attendance. There were no significant tDCS-associated gains in any EF outcomes in the intervention.Conclusions:Multi-session prefrontal tDCS did not lead to any significant gains in EF in the current intervention. More research is needed to optimize the use of tDCS before it can be effectively used to enhance EF among older adults.
Hospital avoidance: an integrated community system to reduce acute hospital demand
Authors: McGeoch Graham , Shand Brett , Gullery Carolyn , Hamilton Greg , Reid Matthew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
Growth in emergency department (ED) attendance and acute medical admissions has been managed to very low rates for 18 years in Canterbury, New Zealand, using a combination of community and hospital avoidance strategies. This paper describes the specific strategies that supported management of acutely unwell patients in the community as part of a programme to integrate health services.

Intervention:
Community-based acute care was established by a culture of close collaboration and trust between all sectors of the health system, with general practice closely involved in the design and management of the services, and support provided by hospital specialists, coordination and diagnostic units, and competent informatics. Introduction of the community-based services was aided by a clinical guidance website and an education programme for general practice teams and allied health professionals.

Outcomes:
Attendance at EDs and acute medical admission rates have been held at low growth and, in some cases, shorter lengths of hospital stay. This trend was especially evident in elderly patients and those with ambulatory care sensitive or chronic disorders.

Conclusions:
A system of community-based care and education has resulted in sustained gains for the Canterbury health system and freed-up hospital resources. This outcome has engendered a sense of empowerment for general practice teams and their patients.
Mauss'sThe Gift, or the necessity of an institutional perspective in economics
Authors: Cedrini Mario Aldo , Ambrosino Angela , Marchionatti Roberto , Caillé Alain 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe article proposes a reading of Marcel Mauss's insights into gift exchange in primitive societies through the lens of the institutional economics approach. It thus tries to demonstrate that the gift as seen by Mauss can be interpreted as an institution arising from the self-transcendence of social relationships that gifts themselves are expressly designed to create and according to which individuals orient their behavior. On this basis, we provide elements to discuss the benefits that might derive from the adoption of the institutionalist approach in economics.
Finite Thickness of Shear Bands in Frictional Viscoplasticity and Implications for Lithosphere Dynamics
Authors: Duretz Thibault , de Borst René , Le Pourhiet Laetitia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPermanent deformations in the lithosphere can occur in the brittle as well as in the ductile domain. For this reason, the inclusion of viscous creep and frictional plastic deformation is essential for geodynamic models. However, most currently available models of frictional plasticity are rate independent and therefore do not incorporate an internal length scale, which is an indispensible element for imposing a finite width of localized shear zones. Therefore, in computations of localization, either analytical or numerical, resulting shear zone widths tend to zero. In numerical computations, this manifests itself in a severe mesh sensitivity. Moreover, convergence of the global iterative procedure to solve the nonlinear processes is adversely affected, which negatively affects the reliability and the quality of predictions. The viscosity that is inherent in deformation processes in the lithosphere can, in principle, remedy this mesh sensitivity. However, elasto‐viscoplastic models that are commonly used in geodynamics assume a series arrangement of rheological elements (Maxwell‐type approach), which does not introduce an internal length scale. Here, we confirm that a different rheological arrangement that puts a damper in parallel to the plastic slider (Kelvin‐type approach) introduces an internal length scale. As a result, pressure and strain and strain rate profiles across the shear bands converge to finite values upon decreasing the grid spacing. We demonstrate that this holds for nonassociated plasticity with constant frictional properties and with material softening with respect to cohesion. Finally, the introduction of Kelvin‐type viscoplasticity also significantly improves the global convergence of nonlinear solvers.
On the Dependence of Cirrus Parametrizations on the Cloud Origin
Authors: Wolf Veronika , Kuhn Thomas , Krämer Martina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParametrizations of Arctic cirrus particle size distributions are presented depending on the cloud origin, either in situ or liquid. The data set used originate from balloon‐borne measurements above Kiruna during winter. The observed particle size distributions are represented by gamma functions. The gamma coefficients exhibit large differences with regard to cloud origin. The functions for Arctic cirrus confirm established parametrizations for continental cirrus sorted by two particle size modes but differ from others depending only on temperature. We suppose that the agreement between the parametrizations of the geographically different cirrus is because in situ and liquid origin cirrus also distinguish by particle size modes. Since cloud sorting by their origin is based on physical processes which are independent of geographical region, we further hypothesize that these cloud‐type‐based parametrizations might be generally valid for use in global models and satellite retrievals, given the distribution of the cloud types is known.
Disentangling Dynamic Contributions to Summer 2018 Anomalous Weather Over Europe
Authors: Drouard Marie , Kornhuber Kai , Woollings Tim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSummer 2018 was one of the driest and hottest experienced over northwestern Europe. In contrast, over southern Europe, it was marked by cooler and wetter conditions with flooding over Greece and Spain. This contrasting pattern was particularly enhanced over a 3‐week period starting on 21 June. Two atmospheric patterns are thought to have largely contributed to this anomalous weather: the positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) and a Wave‐7 pattern. Using linear regressions on detrended data, we show that the NAO+ was mainly responsible for the observed seasonal anomalies. However, during the 3‐week period, the rare combination of the NAO+ and Wave‐7 is necessary to explain the pattern of the observed anomalies. The global warming trend and, to a lesser extent, nonlinear processes are shown to have furthermore strongly modulated the anomalies associated with these two patterns.
Direct Online Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles at a California Coastal Site
Authors: Cornwell G. C. , McCluskey C. S. , Levin E. J. T. , Suski K. J. , DeMott P. J. , Kreidenweis S. M. , Prather K. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe formation of ice in clouds can strongly impact cloud properties and precipitation processes during storms, including atmospheric rivers. Sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles are relatively inefficient as ice nucleating particles (INPs) compared to mineral dust. However, due to the vast coverage of the Earth's surface by the oceans, a number of recent studies have focused on identifying sources of marine INPs, particularly in regions lacking a strong influence from dust. This study describes the integration, validation, and application of a system coupling a continuous flow diffusion chamber with a single particle mass spectrometer using a pumped counterflow virtual impactor to remove nonnucleated particles and selectively measure the composition of INPs with a detection efficiency of 3.10 × 10−4. In situ measurements of immersion freezing INP composition were made at a coastal site in California using the integrated system. Mineral dust particles were the most abundant ice crystal residual type during the sampling period and found to be ice active despite having undergone atmospheric processing. SSA were more abundant in ambient measurements but represented only a minor fraction of the ice crystal residual population at −31 °C. Notably, the SSA particles that activated were enriched with organic nitrogen species that were likely transferred from the ocean. Calculations of ice nucleation active site densities were within good agreement with previous studies of mineral dust and SSA.
Implementation and optimisation of pulse compression algorithm on open CL‐based FPGA
Authors: Feng Yingxu , Hu Shanqing , Li Xingming , Yu Jiacheng 
Published: October 2019

As Moore's law meets bottlenecks, the demand for heterogeneous parallel processing systems is increasing. Field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming more efficient acceleration devices due to their powerful processing performance, and the CPU + FPGA architecture under the OpenCL framework has become the trend of heterogeneous parallel processing systems. This study focuses on the optimisation of pulse compression algorithm in FPGA based on OpenCL, which plays an important role in modern radar signal processing systems. By using double cache for ping–pang storage of data between matched filter and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), an optimised processing method is proposed by using a pipeline and verify the method by using Arria 10 GX1150 FPGA with two groups of 2 GB DDR3; the results show that the proposed method can achieve 2.89× performance improvement over the conventional implementation.