bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Impact of Advertisement on Children Diet Choice in the Pediatric Population.
Authors: Ponce-Blandón José Antonio , Romero-Martín Macarena , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Jiménez-Picón Nerea , Ramírez-Baena Lucía , Lomas-Campos María de las Mercedes 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the test–retest reliability of the paired selection method for measuring the impact of food advertising on the consumption preferences of children.
Methods: In this study, 52 children aged 4 to 6 years participated in watching an advertisement style video showing four foodstuffs with low nutritional value. Two pollsters were introduced at two instances showing pairs of pictures of the advertised foodstuffs right next to similar products, so that children could express their preferences. The test–retest reliability was measured through the concordance and interclass co-relation between both answers.
Results: Kappa concordance indices of 0.71 (0.46–0.97), 0.88 (0.62–1.15), and 0.90 (0.64–1.16) were obtained for the three foodstuff pairs. The interclass correlation coefficient for the sum of manifested preferred scores was 0.72 (p = 0.0000).
Conclusions: The paired selection method has been demonstrated to be efficient with good or very good reliability, making it useful for measuring the impact of food advertising on this age group.
Keywords: food advertising; food habits; childhood obesity; television advertising; assessment.
Trajectory optimization for waste collection system using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Guachetá-Alba Juan C. , Prieto-Pedraza Diego A. , Hurtado-Duque Daniela M. , Mauledoux Mauricio , Avilés Oscar F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The control and correct disposal of waste is a global need, promotes recycling and keeps cities clean. In Bogota, the waste collection system has not made any significant changes during the last years, and although it is not an obsolete system, it is a system that can be optimized. The identification of the type of waste and the disposition of the vehicles fleet according to this classification, allows to obtain a more efficient waste collection system. This paper implements a modification on the NSGA-II multiagent optimization algorithm and the Nash Bargaining, to find the best trajectories that the collection vehicles perform on test points in the city of Bogotá, Colombia.
Folic Acid Supplementation in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Williams Brock A , McCartney Heather , Adams Erin , Devlin Angela M , Singer Joel , Vercauteren Suzanne , Wu John K , Karakochuk Crystal D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
• Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder which causes dysfunctional red blood cells (RBC) and is thought to increase requirements for folate, an essential B-vitamin, due to increased RBC production and turn-over in the disease. High-dose supplementation with 1-5mg/d folic acid, synthetic folate, has been the standard recommendation for children with SCD. There is concern about whether children with SCD need such high doses of folic acid, following mandatory folic acid fortification of enriched grains in Canada, and advancements in medical therapies which extend the average lifespan of RBCs. In animal and human studies, high folic acid intakes (1 mg/d)have been associated with accelerated growth of some cancers, and the biological effects of circulating unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA), which can occur with doses of folic acid ≥0.2mg/d, are not fully understood. The objective of this study is to determine efficacy and alterations in folate metabolism of high-dose folic acid in children with SCD during periods of folic acid supplementation versus no supplementation• Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled cross-over trial, children with SCD (n=36, aged 2-19 y)will be randomized to either receive 1 mg/d folic acid, the current standard of care, or a placebo for 12-weeks. After a 12-week washout period, treatments will be reversed. Total folate concentrations (serum and RBC), different folate forms (including UMFA), folate-related metabolites, and clinical outcomes will be measured at baseline and after treatment periods. The sum of the values measured in the two periods will be calculated for each subject and compared across the two sequence groups by means of a test for independent samples for the primary (RBC folate concentrations) and secondary (UMFA) outcomes. Dietary intake will be measured at the beginning of each study period. • Discussion:As the first rigorously designed clinical trial in children with SCD, this trial will inform and assess current clinical practice, with the ultimate goal of improving nutritional status of children with SCD.• Trial registration: This trial was registered July 8, 2019 at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04011345. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04011345
Common carotid artery stiffness in patients with Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is comparable to non-dissection controls
Authors: Almutairi *Fahad F , Al-hussaini *Abtehal , Marsh Anne-Marie , Samani Nilesh J , McCann Gerry P , Adlam David , Chung Emma , Ramnarine Kumar V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Arterial dissection is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition, hypothesized to be linked to changes in vessel wall elasticity. This study aimed to provide an insight into the pathophysiology of arterial dissection by assessing whether elasticity of the common carotid artery (CCA) differs between patients with confirmed spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and non-dissection controls. Methods: Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) estimates of artery wall elasticity were obtained from the left and right CCAs of 89 confirmed SCAD patients and 38 non-dissection controls. SWE images obtained over multiple cardiac cycles were analysed by a blinded observer to estimate elasticity in the form of a Young’s Modulus (YM) value, across regions of interest (ROI) located within the anterior and posterior CCA walls. A confidence limit on the difference in mean YM between SCAD patients and non-dissection controls was estimated. Results: YM estimates ranged from 17 to 133 kPa in SCAD patients compared to 34 to 87 kPa in non-dissection controls. The mean YM of 55 [SD: 21] kPa in SCAD patients was not significantly different to the mean of 57 [SD: 12] kPa in controls, p= 0.32. The difference between groups was 2 kPa [95%CI: -11, 4]. Conclusions: We found no evidence of a significant difference in elasticity of the CCA between SCAD patients and non-dissection controls. This suggests that widespread changes in arterial compliance are not a major factor in the pathogenesis of arterial dissection.
Self-limited focal epilepsy in a young child with SARS-CoV-2: serendipity or causal association?
Authors: Silvagni Davide , Soloni Pietro , Darra Francesca , Biban Paolo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Neurological manifestations have been reported in adults with COVID-19. In children with COVID-19, data on neurological symptoms are scarce. A 4-year-old girl was assisted at home for prolonged afebrile seizures. She was unresponsive, with a conjugate eye right deviation lasting > 20 minutes. Intravenous midazolam was administered. Before arrival in our Emergency Department, EMS providers excluded risk factors for COVID-19, such as fever, respiratory symptoms, other signs of viral infections, or recent contacts with suspected COVID-19 cases. Upon her arrival, seizures had resolved, GCS was 12. Temperature was 36,6°C. Chest was clear (SatO2 100%). Blood tests did not show signs of infection. We collected a nasopharyngeal swab, which tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The patient rapidly recovered her neurological function. A pediatric neurological examination and video-EEG recording produced a possible diagnosis of self-limited focal epilepsy, with temporo-occipital spikes. Family history revealed her father had occasional seizures during fever episodes, at 14 and 21 years. The child was discharged home, scheduling further neurological investigations once the swab was negative. Our case emphasizes that keeping a high suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 infection is pivotal in hot spots, regardless of the absence of typical COVID-19 symptoms. As for the seizures episode, we know infections and fever are leading seizure precipitating factors in children. To our knowledge, this is the first case of focal status epilepticus in new onset focal self-limited epilepsy in an afebrile child with SARS-CoV-2. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have triggered the onset of self-limited focal epilepsy in our patient.
Fighting the storm: novel anti- TNFα and anti-IL-6 C. sativa lines to tame cytokine storm in COVID-19
Authors: Kovalchuk Anna , Rodriguez-Juarez Rocio , Ilnytskyy Slava , Li Dongping , Wang Bo , Kovalchuk Igor , Kovalchuk Olga 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The main aspects of severe COVID-19 disease pathogenesis include the increasing hyper-induction of proinflammatory cytokines, also known as ‘cytokine storm’, that precedes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often leads to death. COVID-19 patients often suffer from lung fibrosis, a serious and untreatable condition. There remains no effective treatment for these complications. Out of the cytokines, TNFα and IL-6 play crucial roles in cytokine storm pathogenesis and are likely responsible for the escalation in disease severity. These cytokines also partake in the molecular pathogenesis of fibrosis. Therefore, new approaches are urgently needed that can efficiently and swiftly block TNFα, IL-6, and the inflammatory cytokine cascade in order to curb inflammation and prevent fibrosis, and lead to disease remission.Cannabis sativa has been proposed to modulate gene expression and inflammation and is under investigation for several potential therapeutic applications against autoinflammatory diseases and cancer. Here, we hypothesized that the extracts of our novel C. sativa lines may be used to modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways involved in inflammation and fibrosis. To analyze the anti-inflammatory effects of novel C. sativa lines, we used a well-established full thickness human 3D skin artificial EpiDermFTTM tissue model, whereby tissues were exposed to UV to induce inflammation and then treated with extracts of seven new cannabis lines.We noted that out of seven studied extracts of novel C. sativa lines, three (#4, #8 and #14) were the most effective, causing profound and concerted down-regulation of TNFα, IL-6, CCL2, and other cytokines and pathways related to inflammation and fibrosis. Most importantly, one of the tested extracts had no effects at all, and one exerted effects that may be deleterious, signifying that cannabis is not generic and cultivar selection must be based on thorough pre-clinical studies.The observed pronounced inhibition of TNFα and IL-6 is the most important finding, as these molecules are currently considered to be the main actionable targets in COVID-19 cytokine storm and ARDS pathogenesis. Many currently trialed agents, such as anti-TNFα and anti-IL-6 biologics are expensive and cause an arrays of side effects. On the other hand, anti-TNFα and anti-IL-6 cannabis extracts that are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) modalities can be a useful addition to the current anti-inflammatory regimens to treat COVID-19, as well as various rheumatological diseases and conditions, and ‘inflammaging’ - the inflammatory underpinning of aging and frailty.
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 preclinical (in vivo) compounds targeting COVID-19 main protease: A scoping review, meta-analysis and molecular docking studies
Authors: Ebenezer Oluwakemi , Jordaan Maryam Amra , Damoyi Nkululeko , Ogunsakin Ropo , Shapi Michael 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Due to the migratory flow of infected people with severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2), the numbers of confirmed cases of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infections is accelerating worldwide and pre-clinical evidence of antiviral agents that can combat this pandemic is still elusive. We identified published SAR-CoV efficacy experiments in which some selected compounds were used to test the reduction of the virus load in mice. We then developed a combined model based on scoping review, meta-analyses, and molecular docking studies to evaluate the effect size of preclinical studies of compounds that have been tested against SARS-CoV. Molecular docking studies of the inhibitors in the active pocket of COVID-19 protease were also performed. Our results identified three SARS-CoV inhibitors i.e. EIDD-2801, GS-5734 and amodiaquine that are excellent options for optimization and drug development to treat or cure COVID-19.
Advice from a systems-biology model of the Corona epidemics
Authors: Westerhoff Hans V. , Kolodkin Alexey N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Using standard systems biology methodologies a 14-compartment dynamic model was developed for the Corona virus epidemic. The model predicts that: (i) it will be impossible to limit lockdown intensity such that sufficient herd immunity develops for this epidemic to die down, (ii) the death toll from the SARS-CoV-2 virus decreases very strongly with increasing intensity of the lockdown, but (iii) the duration of the epidemic increases at first with that intensity and then decreases again, such that (iv) it may be best to begin with selecting a lockdown intensity beyond the intensity that leads to the maximum duration, (v) an intermittent lockdown strategy should also work and might be more acceptable socially and economically, (vi) an initially intensive but adaptive lockdown strategy should be most efficient, both in terms of its low number of casualties and shorter duration, (vii) such an adaptive lockdown strategy offers the advantage of being robust to unexpected imports of the virus, e.g. due to international travel, (viii) the eradication strategy may still be superior as it leads to even fewer deaths and a shorter period of economic, but should have the adaptive strategy as backup in case of unexpected infection imports (ix) earlier detection of infections is the most effective way in which the epidemic can be controlled, whilst waiting for vaccines.
Ferric-ferrous iron ratios of experimental majoritic garnet and clinopyroxene as a function of oxygen fugacity
Authors: Rzehak Laura J.A. , Rohrbach Arno , Vollmer Christian , Höfer Heidi E. , Berndt Jasper , Klemme Stephan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The oxidation state of iron in upper mantle minerals is widely used to constrain the Earth mantle's oxidation state. Previous studies showed high levels of ferric iron in high-pressure majoritic garnets and pyroxenes despite reducing conditions. To disentangle the effects of pressure and increasing oxygen fugacity on the Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of garnet and clinopyroxene, we performed high-pressure experiments at a pressure of 10 GPa in a 1000-ton Walker-type multi-anvil apparatus at the University of Münster. We synthesized majoritic garnets and clinopyroxenes with a total iron content close to natural mantle values at different oxygen fugacities, ranging from IW+4.7 to metal saturation at IW+0.9. We analyzed the iron oxidation state in garnets with the electron microprobe “flank method.” Furthermore, we investigated the oxidation state of iron in garnets and clinopyroxenes with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Although the flank method measurements are systematically lower than the EELS measurements, Fe3+/ΣFe obtained with both methods agree well within 2σ errors. The “flank method” has the advantage of being much faster and more easily to set up, whereas TEM-EELS has a much higher spatial resolution and can be applied to various non-cubic minerals such as orthopyroxenes and clinopyroxenes. We used our experimental results to compare two geobarometers that contain a term for ferric iron in garnet (Beyer and Frost 2017; Tao et al. 2018) with two geobarometers that do not account for ferric iron (Collerson et al. 2010; Wijbrans et al. 2016). We found that for garnets with low total Fe and Fe3+ (like many natural garnets), the pressures can be calculated without including the ferric iron content.
Magma oxygen fugacity of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in convergent margin settings: Insights for the role of magma oxidation states on magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization
Authors: Cao Yonghua , Wang Christina Yan , Wei Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOxygen fugacities (fO2) of mantle-derived mafic magmas have important controls on the sulfur status and solubility of the magmas, which are key factors to the formation of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits, particularly those in convergent margin settings. To investigate the fO2 of mafic magmas related to Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in convergent margin settings, we obtained the magma fO2 of several Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), North China, based on the olivine-spinel oxygen barometer and the modeling of V partitioning between olivine and melt. We also calculated the mantle fO2 on the basis of V/Sc ratios of primary magmas of these intrusions.Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the CAOB include arc-related Silurian-Carboniferous ones and post-collisional Permian-Triassic ones. Arc-related intrusions formed before the closure of the paleo-Asian ocean and include the Jinbulake, Heishan, Kuwei, and Erbutu intrusions. Post-collisional intrusions were emplaced in extensional settings after the closure of the paleo-Asian ocean and include the Kalatongke, Baixintan, Huangshandong, Huangshan, Poyi, Poshi, Tulaergen, and Hongqiling No. 7 intrusions. It is clear that the magma fO2 values of all these intrusions in both settings range mostly from FMQ+0.5 (FMQ means fayalite-magnetite-quartz oxygen buffer) to FMQ+3 and are generally elevated with the fractionation of magmas, much higher than that of MORBs (FMQ-1 to FMQ+0.5). However, the mantle fO2 values of these intrusions vary from ~FMQ to ~FMQ+1.0, just slightly higher than that of mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) (≤FMQ). This slight difference is interpreted as the intrusions in the CAOB may have been derived from the metasomatized mantle wedges where only minor slab-derived, oxidized components were involved. Therefore, the high-magma fO2 values of most Ni-Cu sulfide-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the CAOB were attributed to the fractionation of magmas derived from the slightly oxidized metasomatized mantle. In addition, the intrusions that host economic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in the CAOB usually have magma fO2 of &gt;FMQ+1.0 and sulfides with mantle-like δ34S values (–1.0 to +1.1‰), indicating that the oxidized mafic magmas may be able to dissolve enough mantle-derived sulfur to form economic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. Oxidized mafic magmas derived from metasomatized mantle sources may be an important feature of major orogenic belts.
Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study
Authors: Xu Jingui , Fan Dawei , Zhang Dongzhou , Li Bo , Zhou Wenge , Dera Przemyslaw K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOlivine is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's upper mantle and subducting slabs. Studying the structural evolution and equation of state of olivine at high-pressure is of fundamental importance in constraining the composition and structure of these regions. Hydrogen can be incorporated into olivine and significantly influence its physical and chemical properties. Previous infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies indicated that local structural changes occur in Mg-rich hydrous olivine (Fo ≥ 95; 4883–9000 ppmw water) at high-pressure. Since water contents of natural olivine are commonly &lt;1000 ppmw, it is inevitable to investigate the effects of such water contents on the equation of state (EoS) and structure of olivine at high-pressure. Here we synthesized a low water content hydrous olivine (Fo95; 1538 ppmw water) at low SiO2 activity and identified that the incorporated hydrogens are predominantly associated with the Si sites. We performed high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments on this olivine to 29.9 GPa. A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (BM3 EoS) was fit to the pressure-volume data, yielding the following EoS parameters: VT0 = 290.182(1) Å3, KT0 = 130.8(9) GPa, and K′T0 = 4.16(8). The KT0 is consistent with those of anhydrous Mg-rich olivine, which indicates that such low water content has negligible effects on the bulk modulus of olivine. Furthermore, we carried out the structural refinement of this hydrous olivine as a function of pressure to 29.9 GPa. The results indicate that, similar to the anhydrous olivine, the compression of the M1-O and M2-O bonds are comparable, which are larger than that of the Si-O bonds. The compression of M1-O and M2-O bonds of this hydrous olivine are comparable with those of anhydrous olivine, while the Si-O1 and Si-O2 bonds in the hydrous olivine are more compressible than those in the anhydrous olivine. Therefore, this study suggests that low water content has negligible effects on the EoS of olivine, though the incorporation of water softens the Si-O1 and Si-O2 bond.
A polemical handwritten manuscript in the milieu of the Płock cathedral at the time of the Hussite disputes
Authors: Marszalska Jolanta M. 
Published: May 2020

W XV - wiecznym kościelnym środowisku płockim obecne były dyskusje dotyczące spraw koncyliaryzmu, reformy Kościoła i husytyzmu, który w tym czasie stał się poważnym zagrożeniem jedności religijnej w Polsce. To, że interesowano się w Płocku sprawami husyckimi świadczą pozostawione na marginesach kart liczne glosy związane z zamieszczonymi w kodeksach traktatami (mowami) i kazaniami. Przechowywane kodeksy zawierały traktaty polemiczne i mowy antyhusyckie skierowane przeciw czterem artykułom praskim, których autorami byli zwolennicy Husa: Jan z Raguzy (Ioannis de Ragusio), z traktatem: De communione sub utraque specie oraz Septem regulae ad habendum verum sensum sacrarum scripturarum, Hieronim z Pragi zwany Mniszek, (Hieronymi Pragensis) z traktatem kazanodziejskim: Sermo, Gilles Charlier (Aegidus Carlerii), z traktatem: De punitione peccatorum publicorum, Henryk Kalteis, (Henrici Kalteisen), z traktatem: Oratio de libera predicatione verbi Dei, Jan de Palomar,(Ioannis de Palomar), z traktatem: De civili domino clericorum, nadto zamieszczono pisma: Excerpta ex Summa Benedicti abbatis Massiliae contra errores haereticorum; Responsiones ad obiectiones et pictura Ioannis Hus, traktat kardynała Juliana Cesarini, Oratio ad convertendos Bohemos oraz traktat Jana de Bachenstein decretorum doctoris, Sermo in concilio Basiliensi. O tym że husytyzm jako prąd myślowy z ukierunkowaniem religijno-społecznym dotarł na Mazowsze, dobitnie świadczą przechowywane księgi i zachowane na nich wpisy marginalne i proweniencyjne, rozczytane przez Adama Vetulaniego jeszcze przed 1939 rokiem. Wprawdzie nie są to traktaty, które zajmują się doktryną Kościoła w ujęciu husyckim, co raczej polemiczne w stosunku do tego ruchu. Zatem książka rękopiśmienna w kręgu kościelnym (katedralnym) płockim w XIV stuleciu, poprzez swoją tematykę służyła również w obronie obowiązującej doktryny katolickiej, niż z nią prowadzonej polemiki. Jednocześnie poprzez wspomniane księgi widoczny jest fakt zainteresowania nowym prądem religijnym w znacznie odległym od ośrodka akademickiego krakowskiego - Płocka i jego duchowieństwa związanego z kapitułą katedralną.