bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Debris Flow Sedimentation Volume Through Numerical Modelling
Authors: Jamri Heirlina Mawarni , Jusoh Siti Norafida , Marto Aminaton , Nasir Kamarul Azlan Mohd , Hezmi Muhammad Azril bin , Said Khairun Nissa Mat 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Implementation of potential debris flow hazard in Malaysia has been conducted by JabatanKerja Raya (JKR) in 2011. However, evaluation of this hazard level cannot deny the consequent to the nearest facilities. Thus, run-out analysis based on numerical modelling is easiest and competent way to evaluate the risk level. This paper presents a study on debris flow sedimentation volume with and without sabo dam by numerical simulation using Kanako 2D software. Kanako 2D software is widely being used in Japan and it is equipped with graphical user interface (GUI). A crossed verification upon numerical modelling and actual field data collection, and mitigation situation model that include sabo dam has been conducted. Results showing that Kanako 2D software have a precise output where the sedimentation volume is slightly higher around 5-15 %. It also proven that sabo dam can reduce the impact of debris flow because it can bear the sedimentation volume about 91%. In speeding up the process of setting landform in Kanako 2D, it recommended to use GIS to generate appropriates data. Thus, a laser scanning of topographical data is required.
Risk Assessment of Design Components of Building Construction
Authors: Barrie Alusine , Rohani Jafri Mohd , Kidam Kamarizan , Ismail Mohammad , Sarbini Noor Nabilah , Kamarden Hanafiah , Ali Kherun Nita , Ariffin Hamizah Liyana Tajul , Mohd Norhazren Izatie , Mustaffa Nur Emma , Abdullah Samsiah , Fetri Muhammad Syaiful Ahdat M , Ramuseren  , Ali Nazruddin Mat 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lack of designer’s knowledge of construction safety risks and HSE personnel’s knowledge of structural designs and means and methods of construction have been highlighted as significant barriers to the implementation of design for construction safety. These barriers often result in poor collaboration among designers and HSE personnel in addressing safety issues that lead to accidents and frequent work stoppages. This study explored the ability of HSE officers, engineers and superintendents to recognize and assess risk associated with constructing structural components of a building (foundation, columns, walls, beams and roofs). The objective was to determine how consensus is risk perceived among the three groups of field personnel. The paper used a quantitative methodology that evaluates safety risks related to performing construction activities to supports designers to carry out construction designs using a risk assessment–based approach. The methodology compares cumulative risks of five designs and ranks the severity level of each design. The methodology also compares risk perception among HSE personnel, engineers and superintendent. Using this method of risk assessment will identify significant risks during design stage and highlight them in advance. Thus, a range of risk elimination or mitigation measures will be implemented before and during construction. The study was done with a survey questionnaire, and 40 construction field personnel (12 HSE, 14 superintendents and 12 engineers) were asked to evaluate risk’s level of severity and time of exposure for each activity. Data collected were analysed with SPSS Statistics using descriptive statistics, general linear models (Multivariate) and Bivariate correlations (Pearson and Spearman). The results of the analysis showed that roof construction was perceived to have the highest risk followed by beam, foundation, wall and column. The differences in risk perceptions among the respondents were found to be non-significant statistically.
Parking Characteristics in Malaysia Public Hospitals
Authors: Ali Abdul Razak , Hassan Sitti Asmah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Parking in public hospitals has been a significant issue for public, authorities and parking operators running the facility within the hospital compound. In view to the fact that private vehicles are the preferred mode of choice for commuting in Malaysia, the issue could not get any better. This paper attempts to evaluate parking characteristics in public hospitals in Malaysia. Parking characteristics at six public hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia were investigated. Secondary data were obtained from Ministry of Health. License Plate methodwas used to collect parking demand data as a primary data for a period of 12 hours at public hospitals.Parking duration, parking turnover and parking index were determined to investigate parking scenario at each respective study sites. It was found that long parking hours was a nature in public hospitals with average parking duration of almost 4 hours/veh. Higher parking turnover rate was also observed for public bay area. The average parking index for all hospitals was also more than 100% in which it exceeding the capacity. The actual parking demand was found to be higher than the provided parking space at all public hospitals under investigation and it is also far below the specified various guidelines except for EPU guideline.
Detecting Telecommunication Fraud with Visual Analytics: A Review
Authors: Amin M Mohamed , Zainal A , Azmi N F Mohd. , Ali N A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The detection of anomalous events in large multivariate data is sought in many domains. Analysis of data is an important fraud detection procedure in detecting suspicious events and prevent attempts to defraud. While now the data is becoming more complicated and difficult as data scales and complexities increase than ever before, the rich insights within the data may be difficult to identify by traditional means and often remain hidden. People require powerful tools to extract valid conclusions from the data while maintaining trustworthy and interpretable results. Hence, various fraud detection approaches have started to exploit Visual Analytics (VA) techniques to reveal the hidden knowledge in such fraudulent activities. Interactive data visualization tools have substantial potential for making the detection of fraudulent transactions more efficient and effective by allowing the investigator to change the representation of data from text and numeric into graphics and filter out subsets of transactions for further fraud investigation. However, little research to date has directly examined the efficacy of data visualization techniques for fraud detection especially telecommunication fraud. In this paper, we present an overview of several fraud detection solutions that use data visualization techniques to detect fraudulent transactions in the telecommunication domain. The paper concludes by discussing how academic research might proceed in investigating the efficacy of interactive data visualization tools for fraud detection.
Quantification and Localisation of Individual Leaf Disease Lesion for Grading Severity of Late Blight
Authors: Abdu Aliyu M , Mokji Musa M , Sheikh Usman U 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Detecting incidence and grading the severity of plant diseases caused by pathogens is among the essential activities in precision agriculture. This research proposes novel noetic integration between pathology and advanced yet straightforward image processing technique for grading the severity of vegetable late blight. Until recently, most of the presented image processing techniques had been, and some still are, grading severity based on the visual understanding of disease symptom as a single lesion colony. One of the most significant advantages of the proposed method is quantifying and localising disease symptom colonies into symptomatic and necrotic in accordance with pathological disease analogy for actual severity grading. In the 1st phase of the study, individual symptomatic (RS), necrotic (RN), and blurred (RB, in- between healthy and symptomatic) regions were identified and segmented. The isolated diseased lesions are then quantified and localised for correlationwith a standard area diagram which gives the accurate grading of disease severity. Results obtained indicated great potential for accurate grading by which pathological knowledge and advance computer network operate in proper synergy. It is also envisaged that this research method would provide meaningful insight into the critical current and future role pathological integration in machine learning for food security.
IoT Based Temperature Control for Smart Mosque
Authors: Yusarelan M N A , Hamid S Z A , Rashid R A , Ibrahim A K M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Malaysia is a country which has one of the biggest Muslim societies in the world, followed by a large number of mosques scattered in various places and these mosques have maintenance problems especially in energy consumption. Mosques normally experience sudden influx of users at five specified times throughout the day, and the use of the fans in the mosques is very inefficient and wasteful, corresponding with the five daily Islamic prayers. Regarding this matter, this project is conducted in order to reduce mosque energy consumption by developing smart mosque temperature control. The temperature control aims to focus on reading the temperature of mosque and then smartly controls fan according to the temperature reading by applying Internet-of-Things (IoT). The Arduino Uno controller board will read and process the sensors to trigger the fan switch. The act of controlling the fan according to the ambient temperature of the mosques will help to reduce power consumption. The smart mosque temperature control can be applied widely in Malaysia to make mosques smarter and efficient in energy consumption.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Design for the Attitude of the Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Authors: Eltayeb Ahmed , Rahmat Mohd Fua’ad , Basri Mohd Ariffanan Mohd , Mohammed Mansour A M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this article, the adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) is developed for the quadrotor attitude subsystem. The proposed ASMC controller aims to reduce/decrease the unwanted chattering phenomena associated with the conventional sliding mode controller, and meanwhile achieving a robust trajectory tracking for the attitude. The stability of the proposed (ASMC) controller has been verified based on Lyapunov stability theorem. The quadrotor UAV model and the performance of the proposed controller have been simulated and tested by simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The simulation result is proof that the chattering has been reduced significantly.
Air Flow Analysis and Effect of Angle on Rotation Vane Blade Trough 90° Pipe Bend
Authors: Aiman Y , Mariam S , Musa M N , Syahrullail S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The usual problem occurs when fluid flow pass through elbow or 90° pipe bend is that secondary flow will exist which then lead to high pressure drop. The high pressure drop happen will affect the elbow which is erosion will appear. To overcome this problem, a rotation vane blade with different angles are installed at the pipe. The rotation vane blade will reduce the pressure drop that happened. In this paper, analysis of air flow through 90 pipe bend and the effect of angle rotation vane blade toward it is investigated. The process of the investigation is made through experiment. The inlet velocity used in this experiment are 1.20, 1.30, 1.40, 1.45 and 1.50 m/s. Furthermore, all the inlet velocity produced turbulence flow. Then, rotation vane blade of angle 18° and 33° are installed between the pipes by turn before the 90° pipe bend. U-tube manometer are attached at two places which is Section A-A (before elbow) and Section B-B (after elbow). From this experiment, elevation heights that measured by u-tube manometer of the two sections which are located before and after the 90 pipe bend are recorded. Next, the elevation heights will be used in the Bernoulli equation in order to calculate the velocity distribution at all sections, pressure distribution at all sections and pressure drop between both sections. The result of this experiment show that the rotation vane blade produced slower velocity at section B-B and higher pressure at section B-B. Pressure drop between both sections A-A and B-B is lower when using larger angle of rotation vane blade (33°).
Medical Staff’s Posture on Airflow Distribution and Particle Concentration in an Operating Room
Authors: Wong K Y , Kamar H M , Kamsah N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During a surgical procedure, each of the medical staffs would have different postures. Supporting medical staff such as anaesthesiologist would stand in upright condition with straighten-forearm, while medical staff that is performing surgical procedures is in bent-forearm posture. The positioning of forearm might interrupt the air supplies from the ceiling-mounted diffuser, that serves to remove the airborne particles from the surgical zone. Consequently, the movement of particles in the surgical zone is affected, and the tendency of particles to fall onto the patient’s wound is increased. This situation could elevate the chances of a patient contracting surgical site infections and could increase the risk of death. The present study aims to examine the effects of medical staff’s forearm posture on the number of particles falling onto the patient. A simplified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the operating room was developed and validated based on the published data. An RNG k-ε turbulence model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations was used to simulate the airflow, while a discrete phase model was used to simulate the movement of the airborne particles. Results show that bent-forearm of medical staff obstructed the downward airflow to remove the particles released by the medical staff. Approximately 37 particles/m3 accumulated in the chest region of the medical staff. A high particle accumulation is also observed at the gap between the staff’s legs due to the stagnant airflow.
Brief Review on Dissimilar Welding Using Cold Metal Transfer
Authors: Burhanuddin N M , Redzuan N. , Ahmad N. , Sudin I , Zaharuddin M F A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hybrid joint configuration nowadays has been an essential process for fabrication in both industrial and construction industry. However, the challenges in welding two varied materials need to consider both metal characteristics since the joint of the different metals from various properties cause the formation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layers can cause the failure. Various parameters (i.e; welding current, welding speed) and factors (i.e; materials’ thickness and properties) need to be considered when joining two different metals using welding. Common methods use for joining two different metals are friction stir welding, laser welding, resistant spot welding and gas metal arc welding (GMAW). Cold metal transfer method (CMT) is new technique that recently applied for joining dissimilar metal weld especially for thin metals of 0.3∼2.0 mm. Major advantage of CMT is using low power and green technology process. This review provides explanation of common field which applying dissimilar metal welding and discuss the previous related researches with example of different materials being used. This including factors that need to be concerned to produce good welding joint and the current research using cold metal transfer for hybrid joint configuration.
Gallium vacancies—common non-radiative defects in ternary GaAsP and quaternary GaNAsP nanowires
Authors: Stehr J E , Jansson M , La R , Tu C W , Chen W M , Buyanova I A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nanowires (NWs) based on ternary GaAsP and quaternary GaNAsP alloys are considered as very promising materials for optoelectronic applications, including in multi-junction and intermediate band solar cells. The efficiency of such devices is expected to be largely controlled by grown-in defects. In this work we use the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique combined with photoluminescence measurements to investigate the origin of point defects in Ga(N)AsP NWs grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si substrates. We identify gallium vacancies, which act as non-radiative recombination centers, as common defects in ternary and quaternary Ga(N)AsP NWs. Furthermore, we show that the presence of N is not strictly necessary for, but promotes, the formation of gallium vacancies in these NWs.
Maternal Hypertension-Related Genotypes and Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Lei Yunping , Ludorf Katherine L , Yu Xiao , Benjamin Renata H , Gu Xue , Lin Ying , Finnell Richard H , Mitchell Laura E , Musfee Fadi I , Malik Sadia , Canfield Mark A , Morrison Alanna C , Hobbs Charlotte A , Van Zutphen Alissa R , Fisher Sarah , Agopian A J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Maternal hypertension has been associated with congenital heart defect occurrence in several studies. We assessed whether maternal genotypes associated with this condition were also associated with congenital heart defect occurrence.

METHODS
We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study to identify non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic women with (cases) and without (controls) a pregnancy in which a select simple, isolated heart defect was present between 1999 and 2011. We genotyped 29 hypertension-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We conducted logistic regression analyses separately by race/ethnicity to assess the relationship between the presence of any congenital heart defect and each SNP and an overall blood pressure genetic risk score (GRS). All analyses were then repeated to assess 4 separate congenital heart defect subtypes.

RESULTS
Four hypertension-related variants were associated with congenital heart defects among NHW women (N = 1,568 with affected pregnancies). For example, 1 intronic variant in ARHGAP2, rs633185, was associated with conotruncal defects (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–1.6). Additionally, 2 variants were associated with congenital heart defects among Hispanic women (N = 489 with affected pregnancies). The GRS had a significant association with septal defects (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.5) among NHW women.

CONCLUSIONS
We replicated a previously reported association between rs633185 and conotruncal defects. Although additional hypertension-related SNPs were also associated with congenital heart defects, more work is needed to better understand the relationship between genetic risk for maternal hypertension and congenital heart defects occurrence.
Single Dose Abacavir Pharmacokinetics and Safety in Neonates Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Authors: Bekker Adrie , Decloedt Eric H , Slade Gretchen , Cotton Mark F , Rabie Helena , Cressey Tim R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Abacavir is a potential option for prophylaxis and early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but no data are available in neonates. Ten neonates administered a single abacavir dose of 8 mg/kg before 15 days of life had substantially higher exposures than those reported in infants and children, with no reported adverse events.
Divergence and constraint in the thermal sensitivity of aquatic insect swimming performance
Authors: Shah Alisha A , Bacmeister Eva M S , Rubalcaba Juan G , Ghalambor Cameron K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnvironmental temperature variation may play a significant role in the adaptive evolutionary divergence of ectotherm thermal performance curves (TPCs). However, divergence in TPCs may also be constrained due to various causes. Here, we measured TPCs for swimming velocity of temperate and tropical mayflies (Family: Baetidae) and their stonefly predators (Family: Perlidae) from different elevations. We predicted that differences in seasonal climatic regimes would drive divergence in TPCs between temperate and tropical species. Stable tropical temperatures should favor the evolution of “specialists” that perform well across a narrow range of temperatures. Seasonally, variable temperatures in temperate zones, however, should favor “generalists” that perform well across a broad range of temperatures. In phylogenetically paired comparisons of mayflies and stoneflies, swimming speed was generally unaffected by experimental temperature and did not differ among populations between latitudes, suggesting a maintenance of performance breadth across elevation and latitude. An exception was found between temperate and tropical mayflies at low elevation where climatic differences between latitudes are large. In addition, TPCs did not differ between mayflies and their stonefly predators, except at tropical low elevation. Our results indicate that divergence in TPCs may be constrained in aquatic insects except under the most different thermal regimes, perhaps because of trade-offs that reduce thermal sensitivity and increase performance breadth.
What Does an Insect Hear? Reassessing the Role of Hearing in Predator Avoidance with Insights from Vertebrate Prey
Authors: Yack Jayne E , Raven Brianna H , Leveillee Michelle B , Naranjo Mairelys 
Published: July 2020

SynopsisInsects have a diversity of hearing organs known to function in a variety of contexts, including reproduction, locating food, and defense. While the role of hearing in predator avoidance has been extensively researched over the past several decades, this research has focused on the detection of one type of predator-echolocating bats. Here we reassess the role of hearing in antipredator defense by considering how insects use their ears to detect and avoid the wide range of predators that consume them. To identify the types of sounds that could be relevant to insect prey, we first review the topic of hearing-mediated predator avoidance in vertebrates. Sounds used by vertebrate prey to assess predation risk include incidental sound cues (e.g., flight sounds, rustling vegetation, and splashing) produced by an approaching predator or another escaping prey, as well as communication signals produced by a predator (e.g., echolocation calls, songs) or nonpredator (e.g., alarm calls). We then review what is known, and what is not known, about such sounds made by the main predators and parasitoids of insects (i.e., birds, bats, terrestrial vertebrates, and invertebrates) and how insects respond to them. Three key insights emerged from our review. First, there is a lack of information on how both vertebrate and insect prey use passive sound cues produced by predators to avoid being captured. Second, while there are numerous examples of vertebrate prey eavesdropping on the calls and songs of predators and nonpredators to assess risk, there are currently no such examples for eared insect prey. Third, the hearing sensitivity of many insects, including those with ears considered to be dedicated to detecting bats or mates, overlaps with both sound cues and signals generated by nonbat predators. Sounds of particular relevance to insect prey include the flight sounds and calls of insectivorous birds, the flight sounds of insect predators and parasitoids, and rustling vegetation sounds of birds and terrestrial predators. We conclude that research on the role of insect hearing in predator avoidance has been disproportionally focused on bat-detection, and that acoustically-mediated responses to other predators may have been overlooked because the responses of prey may be subtle (e.g., ceasing activity, increasing vigilance). We recommend that researchers expand their testing of hearing-mediated risk assessment in insects by considering the wide range of sounds generated by predators, and the varied responses exhibited by prey to these sounds.