bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Sevoflurane and Propofol on the Incidence of Postoperative Pain and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty With Chronic Pain Before Surgery
Authors: Yang Rui , Zhao Dan , Zhang Xiao‐hui , Liu Rui‐hong , Xu Guang‐hong , Shen Qi‐ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPropofol and sevoflurane as frequently used general anesthetics can affect postoperative pain. Our study explored whether the incidence of postoperative pain differed among patients with chronic pain undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) anesthetized with sevoflurane or propofol.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to groups receiving either sevoflurane (Group S, n = 50) or propofol (Group P, n = 47) for anesthesia maintenance during TKA. The incidences of postoperative pain and quality of life (QoL) were measured using the EuroQol 5‐Dimension (EQ‐5D) scale at 1, 3, and 7 days post‐operation (DPO), and 1 and 3 months post‐operation (MPO).ResultsAt 3 DPO, fewer patients reported moderate pain (P = 0.001) and more patients reported no pain (P = 0.003) in Group S than that in Group P. At 3 MPO, more patients reported no pain (P = 0.04) and fewer patients reported moderate pain (P = 0.04) in Group S than in Group P. No significant differences were found in the incidence of postoperative pain between the 2 groups of patients at the other time points. The EQ‐5D scores were higher in Group S than in Group P (P = 0.022), and the difference was 0.15 at most, which was not optimal. The EQ‐5D clinical results might be not very significant.ConclusionsSevoflurane anesthesia may have potential advantages in reducing postoperative pain in patients undergoing TKA with a preoperative VAS score > 4.
Evaluating the multiple proposition strategy
Authors: Lennertz Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextualism about many expressions faces a common objection: in some discourses it appears that there is no single interpretation which can explain how a speaker is justified in making her assertion and how a hearer with different information or standards is justified in negatively evaluating what the speaker said. According to theMultiple Proposition Strategy, contextualists may attempt to explain these competing features pragmatically in terms of different propositions in play. In this paper I argue against the Multiple Proposition Strategy, first focusing on epistemic modals and then generalising the results to other expressions. I show how when purportedly contextualist terms are embedded in belief reports, we get similar problems but that the Multiple Proposition Strategy does not provide a satisfactory explanation of such cases. I suggest, therefore, that we reject the Multiple Proposition Strategy in favour of a theory that explains the unembedded and embedded cases in similar ways.
Health impact assessment legislation in developing countries: A path to sustainable development?
Authors: Thondoo Meelan , Gupta Joyeeta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe sixth Global Environment Outlook argues that the planet is becoming seriously polluted, with huge consequences for the health and wellbeing of people. Legal instruments for assessing and reporting environmental impacts of projects have focused on environment impact assessments (EIAs). However, increasingly health impact assessment (HIA) is being used to emphasize the health dimensions of the environment and sustainable development. This article addresses the question: How can HIA legislation help developing countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? A key aspect of the SDGs is to minimize trade‐offs and enhance synergies. This could be to some extent operationalized by HIAs through enhancing synergies on health and reducing trade‐offs on health. The article first sketches the relationship between EIAs and HIAs and provides an overview of the global distribution of HIA legislation. Second, it discusses the benefits and challenges of HIA legislation oriented towards sustainable development agendas by gathering lessons learned across the globe and highlighting those relevant to developing countries. The article concludes by sketching how HIA policy can be catalysed and operationalized to achieve the SDGs.
Semiclassical dynamics and coherent soliton condensates in self‐focusing nonlinear media with periodic initial conditions
Authors: Biondini Gino , Oregero Jeffrey 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe semiclassical (small dispersion) limit of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic initial conditions (ICs) is studied analytically and numerically. First, through a comprehensive set of numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that solutions arising from a certain class of ICs, referred to as “periodic single‐lobe” potentials, share the same qualitative features, which also coincide with those of solutions arising from localized ICs. The spectrum of the associated scattering problem in each of these cases is then numerically computed, and it is shown that such spectrum is confined to the real and imaginary axes of the spectral variable in the semiclassical limit. This implies that all nonlinear excitations emerging from the input have zero velocity, and form a coherent nonlinear condensate. Finally, by employing a formal Wentzel‐Kramers‐Brillouin expansion for the scattering eigenfunctions, asymptotic expressions for the number and location of the bands and gaps in the spectrum are obtained, as well as corresponding expressions for the relative band widths and the number of “effective solitons.” These results are shown to be in excellent agreement with those from direct numerical computation of the eigenfunctions. In particular, a scaling law is obtained showing that the number of effective solitons is inversely proportional to the small dispersion parameter.
La aplicación de la función social de la propiedad intelectual a través del abuso del derecho: Un análisis necesario para el sistema de derecho civil
Authors: Uribe Piedrahita Carlos Andrés , Contreras Jaramillo Juan Camilo , Arbouin Gómez Felipe 
Published: July 2020

En los sistemas de tradición civil los límites a la propiedad intelectual suelen estar estructurados desde la perspectiva de las regulaciones generales y abstractas que el legislador ha prejuzgado como necesarios y pertinentes. Aunque reconocemos la importancia y utilidad de este tipo de decisiones normativas, también debemos señalar que las mismas pueden obviar escenarios particulares no incorporados en una norma de carácter general, o que por sus características (temporales o modales) no pudieron ser tenidos en cuenta al momento de crear el límite normativo.

En este sentido, proponemos el uso de la figura del abuso del derecho como un eventual remedio para el ejercicio antisocial de derechos de propiedad intelectual. Y para tal efecto, utilizaremos la función social de la propiedad intelectual como criterio para definir los casos en que el uso abusivo (contrario a los propósitos del derecho) puede ser determinado; siempre y cuando, la estructura teórica utilizada permita entender a la función social como un límite a la propiedad, dado que, en el caso contrario, el ejercicio antisocial de la propiedad intelectual deberá ser entendido simplemente como una violación al mismo derecho por parte de su titular. Finalmente, presentaremos el caso de una figura similar, el Misuse en propiedad intelectual, la cual ha servido para este mismo propósito en el sistema del common law.
A Review of Damping Models for Structures With Mechanical Joints1
Authors: Mathis Allen T. , Balaji Nidish N. , Kuether Robert J. , Brink Adam R. , Brake Matthew R. W. , Quinn D. Dane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a standard design practice, it is often necessary to assemble engineered structures from individually manufactured parts. Ideally, the assembled system should perform as if the connections between the components were perfect, that is, as if the system were a single monolithic piece. However, the fasteners used in those connections, such as mechanical lap joints, are imperfect and highly nonlinear. In particular, these jointed connections dissipate energy, often through friction over highly localized microscale regions near connection points, and are known to exhibit history dependent, or hysteretic behavior. As a result, while mechanical joints are one of the most common elements in structural dynamics problems, their presence implies that assembled structural systems are difficult to model and analyze. Through rigorous experimental, analytical, and numerical work over the past century, researchers from several different disciplines have developed numerous damping models that give rise to the dynamical behavior attributed to joints. This work seeks to review, compare, and contrast several linear and nonlinear damping models that are known to be relevant to modeling assembled structural systems. These models are presented and categorized to place them in the proper historical and mathematical context as well as presenting numerous examples of their applications. General properties of hysteretic friction damping models are also studied and compared analytically. Connections are drawn between the different models so as to not only identify differences between models, but also highlight commonalities not normally seen to be in association.
Treatment with ACE inhibitors or ARBs and risk of severe/lethal COVID-19: a meta-analysis
Authors: Flacco Maria Elena , Acuti Martellucci Cecilia , Bravi Francesca , Parruti Giustino , Cappadona Rosaria , Mascitelli Alfonso , Manfredini Roberto , Mantovani Lorenzo G , Manzoli Lamberto 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveIt has been hypothesised that the use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) might either increase or reduce the risk of severe or lethal COVID-19. The findings from the available observational studies varied, and summary estimates are urgently needed to elucidate whether these drugs should be suspended during the pandemic, or patients and physicians should be definitely reassured. This meta-analysis of adjusted observational data aimed to summarise the existing evidence on the association between these medications and severe/lethal COVID-19.MethodsWe searched MedLine, Scopus and preprint repositories up to 8 June 2020 to retrieve cohort or case–control studies comparing the risk of severe/fatal COVID-19 (either mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission or death), among hypertensive subjects treated with: (1) ACE inhibitors, (2) ARBs and (3) both, versus untreated subjects. Data were combined using a random-effect generic inverse variance approach.ResultsTen studies, enrolling 9890 hypertensive subjects were included in the analyses. Compared with untreated subjects, those using either ACE inhibitors or ARBs showed a similar risk of severe or lethal COVID-19 (summary OR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.26 for ACE inhibitors; 0.92; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.12 for ARBs). The results did not change when both drugs were considered together, when death was the outcome and excluding the studies with significant, divergent results.ConclusionThe present meta-analysis strongly supports the recommendation of several scientific societies to continue ARBs or ACE inhibitors for all patients, unless otherwise advised by their physicians who should thus be reassured.
Identification of FABP5 as an immunometabolic marker in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Fangming , Liu Weiren , Zhou Shuang , Yang Chunhui , Tian Mengxin , Jia Guangshuai , Wang Han , Zhu Bijun , Feng Mingxiang , Lu Yan , Qiao Tiankui , Wang Xinxin , Cao Wei , Wang Xiangdong , Shi Yinghong , Wu Duojiao 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRegulating T-cell metabolism is crucial for their anticancer activity. Therefore, understanding the function and metabolism of human tumor-infiltrating T cells is of broad interest and clinical importance.MethodsCD3+CD45+T cells were sorted from adjacent area or tumor core of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), then the clusters and heterogeneity of T cells were further interrogated by single-cell transcriptomic profiling. 118 surgical samples from patients with HCC were histologically examined for infiltration of CD8+T cells in tumor and adjacent tissue.ResultsSingle-cell transcriptomic profiling indicated that several exhausted T-cell (Tex) populations differentially coexisted in the tumor and adjacent tissue. CD137 identifies and enriches Tex with superior effector functions and proliferation capacity. Furthermore, enhanced fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) expression along with increased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were evident in these CD137-enriched Tex. Inhibiting FABP5 expression and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation impaired the anti-apoptosis and proliferation of CD137-enriched Tex. These observations have been verified by generating CD137 CART. Immunohistochemistry staining on the tissue microarray of 118 patients with HCC showed intra-tumoral FABP5highCD8+T-cell infiltration was linked to overall and recurrence-free survival.ConclusionsThe tumor microenvironment can impose metabolic restrictions on T-cell function. CD137, a costimulatory molecule highly expressed on some Tex, uses exogenous fatty acids and oxidative metabolism to mediate antitumor immunity. The immunometabolic marker FABP5 should be investigated in larger, longitudinal studies to determine their potential as prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
Leadership training in family medicine residency: a scoping review
Authors: Godard Stephanie , Ratnapalan Savithiri 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundGraduate medical education, including family medicine residency, has historically focused on building clinical competencies with little attention paid to leadership skills, leaving residents feeling ill-prepared for leadership roles after training.ObjectiveTo analyse the format, content and outcomes of leadership training programmes offered to family medicine residents.MethodsA MEDLINE (OvidSP) literature search from 1976 to October 2018 for articles on Family Medicine AND Residency AND Leadership Programs retrieved 184 articles. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were chosen for full review and synthesis.ResultsThree articles described leadership training available to Family Medicine all residents while nine focused on a select group. Programme format and content varied, ranging from a 1-day programme on emotional intelligence to a 5-year integrated leadership track. The most comprehensive curricula were longitudinal and offered to a small group of residents. Inclusive programmes often taught leadership through the lens of a specific competency. Mixed teaching methods were valued including online learning, simulations, small group discussions, mentorship, reflection, placements and projects. Conceptual frameworks were inconsistently used and programme evaluation seldom addressed high-level or long-term outcomes.ConclusionsLeadership skills are important for all family physicians; however, there is limited literature on comprehensive leadership development during training. Existing curricula were described in this review and we suggest a longitudinal mixed-methods programme integrated throughout residency, covering basic comprehensive skills for all residents. However, evaluative data were limited, and a considerable gap remains in how to effectively approach leadership development in family medicine residency, warranting ongoing research.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI analysis for prognosis of intracranial dissecting aneurysm with intramural haematoma after endovascular treatment: an observational registry study
Authors: Tian Zhongbin , Wang Zhongxiao , Li Wenqiang , Zhu Wei , Liu Jian , Zhang Ying , Yang Xinjian , Zhang Yisen 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeIntracranial dissecting aneurysm (IDA) with intramural haematoma (IMH) is an intractable cerebrovascular disease. The outcome of IDA with IMH after endovascular treatment varies across different individuals: some IMHs stop growing after endovascular treatment, while others continue to grow, even after embolisation of the parent artery. Currently, the mechanism for the continuous growth of IMH after endovascular treatment is still unclear. Continuous haemorrhage of the vasa vasorum in the IMH is considered to be associated with continuous enlargement of the IMH; however, this theory has not been proved by in vivo imaging.Methods and analysisThis study will establish a prospective cohort of 80 patients who had an IDA with IMH and received endovascular treatment. Demographic characteristics, IDA morphological characteristics and treatment characteristics will be collected prospectively. All patients will undergo dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) before and 6 months after the endovascular treatment. According to the follow-up results of the MRI, the IDAs will be divided into two groups: a haematoma stabilisation group and a haematoma enlargement group. Then, quantitative analysis of the vasa vasorum in the IMH will be performed, and differences between the two groups will be compared with determine the association between DCE-MRI related parameters and the outcomes of IMH changes.Ethics and disseminationThe research was approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Tian Tan Hospital (KY 2019-024-03) and written informed consents would be obtained from all patients included in this study. The results of this study will be disseminated in professional printed media.Trial registration numberNCT03940859. Registered: 7 May, 2019.https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03940859.
Which politicians receive abuse? Four factors illuminated in the UK general election 2019
Authors: Gorrell Genevieve , Bakir Mehmet E. , Roberts Ian , Greenwood Mark A. , Bontcheva Kalina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 2019 UK general election took place against a background of rising online hostility levels toward politicians, and concerns about the impact of this on democracy, as a record number of politicians cited the abuse they had been receiving as a reason for not standing for re-election. We present a four-factor framework in understanding who receives online abuse and why. The four factors are prominence, events, online engagement and personal characteristics. We collected 4.2 million tweets sent to or from election candidates in the six week period spanning from the start of November until shortly after the December 12th election. We found abuse in 4.46% of replies received by candidates, up from 3.27% in the matching period for the 2017 UK general election. Abuse levels have also been climbing month on month throughout 2019. Abuse also escalated throughout the campaign period. Abuse focused mainly on a small number of high profile politicians, with the most prominent individuals receiving not only more abuse by volume, but also as a percentage of replies. Abuse is “spiky”, triggered by external events such as debates, or certain tweets. Some tweets may become viral targets for personal abuse. On average, men received more general and political abuse; women received more sexist abuse. Conservative candidates received more political and general abuse. We find that individuals choosing not to stand for re-election had received more abuse across the preceding year.
How a small accelerator can be useful for interdisciplinary applications: the study of air pollution
Authors: Lucarelli Franco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere are an increasing number of articles in the scientific literature dealing with the study of atmospheric aerosol because it has negative impacts on human health, atmospheric visibility and a role in the radiative forcing. Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) has been used since its birth for the study of the aerosol composition, and for a long time, it has been the dominating technique for its elemental analysis. However, nowadays other competitive techniques play a dominant role, such as inductively coupled plasma–mass/atomic emission spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and synchrotron radiation. Therefore, it is important to find specific applications where it can give unique information or the final results in a far simpler way. Furthermore, a proper experimental setup must be used to fully exploit the potential of PIXE. Thanks to the capability of detecting all the crustal elements, PIXE analyses are unrivaled in the study of mineral dust. Among the detectable elements, there are also important markers of anthropogenic sources, which allow effective source apportionment studies in polluted urban environments using multivariate methods. Examples regarding recent monitoring campaigns will be presented to show how PIXE is still on the cutting edge for the study of particulate matter.
Y Chromosome LncRNA Are Involved in Radiation Response of Male Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Brownmiller Tayvia , Juric Jamie A. , Ivey Abby D. , Harvey Brandon M. , Westemeier Emily S. , Winters Michael T. , Stevens Alyson M. , Stanley Alana N. , Hayes Karen E. , Sprowls Samuel A. , Ammer Amanda S. Gatesman , Walker Mackenzee , Bey Erik A. , Wu Xiaoliang , Lim Zuan-Fu , Zhu Lin , Wen Sijin , Hu Gangqing , Ma Patrick C. , Martinez Ivan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have implicated changes in the Y chromosome in male cancers, yet few have investigated the biological importance of Y chromosome noncoding RNA. Here we identify a group of Y chromosome–expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that are involved in male non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiation sensitivity. Radiosensitive male NSCLC cell lines demonstrated a dose-dependent induction of linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 following irradiation, which was not observed in radioresistant male NSCLC cell lines. Cytogenetics revealed the loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in the radioresistant male NSCLC cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 transcripts affect cell viability and apoptosis. Computational prediction of RNA binding proteins (RBP) motifs and UV-cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) assays identified IGF2BP3, an RBP involved in mRNA stability, as a binding partner for linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 RNA. The presence of linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 reduced the half-life of known IGF2BP3 binding mRNA, such as the antiapoptotic HMGA2 mRNA, as well as the oncogenic c-MYC mRNA. Assessment of Y chromosome in NSCLC tissue microarrays and expression of linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 in NSCLC RNA-seq and microarray data revealed a negative correlation between the loss of the Y chromosome or linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 and overall survival. Thus, linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 expression and LOY could represent an important marker of radiotherapy in NSCLC.Significance:This study describes previously unknown Y chromosome–expressed lncRNA regulators of radiation response in male NSCLC and show a correlation between loss of chromosome Y and radioresistance.