bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative pressure face shield for flexible laryngoscopy in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Hoffman Henry T. , Miller Robert M. , Walsh Jarrett E. , Stegall Helen R. , Diekema Daniel J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveIntroduce novel methods and materials to limit microdroplet spread when performing transnasal aerosol generating procedures in the COVID‐19 era.MethodsPrototypes of a negative pressure face shield (NPFS) were tested then used clinically to create a suction‐clearing negative pressure microenvironment with controlled access to the nose and mouth. Air pressure measurements within prototypes were followed by prospective evaluation of 30 consecutive patients treated with the device assessed through questionnaires and monitoring oximetry.ResultsThe NPFS is a transparent acrylic barrier with two anterior instrumentation ports and a side port to which continuous suction is applied. It is positioned on a stand and employs a disposable antimicrobial wrap to secure an enclosure around the head. This assembly was successfully used to complete transnasal laryngoscopy in all 30 patients studied. Tolerance of the design was excellent, with postprocedure questionnaire identifying no shortness of breath (27/30), no claustrophobia (27/30), no pain (29/30), and no significant changes in pulse oximetry.ConclusionDiagnostic laryngoscopy was successfully performed in a negative pressure microenvironment created to limit dispersion of aerosols. Further application of the NPFS device is targeted for use with transnasal laryngeal laser and biopsy procedures to be followed by additional modification to enable intranasal and intraoral procedures in a similar protected environment.Level of EvidenceLevel 2b (Cohort Study).
Resolving marine dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) composition in a coastal estuary
Authors: Bell Douglas W. , Pellechia Perry J. , Ingall Ellery D. , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) utilization, and its role in the marine P cycle, requires knowledge of DOP molecular composition. In this study, a recently developed approach coupling electrodialysis and reverse osmosis with solution 31P‐NMR analysis was used to examine DOP composition within a tidally dominated salt‐marsh estuary (North Inlet, South Carolina) over seasonal and tidal time frames. The isolation technique allowed for near complete recovery of the DOP pool (90% ± 13%; n = 12) with six broad compound classes quantified: phosphonates, phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, pyrophosphate, di‐ and tri‐phosphate nucleotides (nucleoPα), and polyphosphate. Our results indicate that phosphomonoesters (ca. 61%) and phosphodiesters (ca. 31%) comprise the majority of the DOP pool, with relatively small contributions from pyrophosphates (ca. 4%), phosphonates (ca. 2%), nucleoPα (ca. 1%), and polyphosphates (ca. 1%). The study found no significant differences in DOP composition or concentration between tidal stages, despite significant tidal changes in dissolved organic nitrogen (DON):DOP stoichiometry. Significant seasonal variation was observed, with higher concentrations of phosphonates, nucleoPα, and monophosphates and lower phosphomonoester concentrations in Fall relative to all other seasons. We hypothesize that these seasonal variations reflect the balance between specific compound class seasonal production, lability, and local P demands associated with marine vs. terrestrial sources. Our results indicate that DOP composition exists at a dynamic equilibrium that is strongly conserved across diverse marine environments.
Dual stable isotope characterization of excess methane in oxic waters of a mesotrophic lake
Authors: Tsunogai Urumu , Miyoshi Yuko , Matsushita Toshiyuki , Komatsu Daisuke D. , Ito Masanori , Sukigara Chiho , Nakagawa Fumiko , Maruo Masahiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo determine the source of excess methane in oxic, surface‐water columns often found in freshwater environments, we measured the in situ concentration and stable isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ2H) of methane in Lake Biwa, a mesotrophic lake in Japan. The values from the littoral zone and lake‐floor sediments were determined, besides those in the water column of the pelagic zone. Furthermore, we conducted incubation experiments to measure microbial oxidation rates and alterations in the isotopic signatures of methane. We found significant vertical and seasonal variations in both in situ concentrations and stable isotopic compositions of methane measured in the pelagic zone. We concluded that active microbial oxidation was primarily responsible for the variation in δ13C and δ2H values of methane in the pelagic water column. As a result, we defined a new indicator Δ(2,13) to characterize the sources of dissolved methane, in which variations in both δ13C and δ2H during methane oxidation had been corrected. The excess methane in oxic, surface‐water columns exhibited Δ(2,13) values similar to those in the littoral zone. We concluded that excess methane at the surface of the pelagic zone originated from the littoral zone via lateral transport. Anoxic near sediments and inflowing rivers were responsible for methane enrichment in water of the littoral zone and in the surface water columns of the pelagic zone.
Exploiting Addition–Fragmentation Reactions to Produce Low Dispersity Poly(isobornyl acrylate) and Blocky Copolymers by Semibatch Radical Polymerization
Authors: Heidarzadeh Nina , Bygott Elizabeth G. , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolution radical homopolymerization of isobornyl acrylate (iBoA) under starved‐feed higher temperature conditions unexpectedly leads to polymer product with low dispersity (<1.3) compared to the polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) under identical conditions. Both backbiting and β‐scission reactions occur, as the poly(iBoA) product contains close to 100% terminal double bond (TDB) functionality. However, the addition of monomer to the midchain radicals formed by backbiting is sterically hindered, greatly reducing both short and long‐chain branching. The poly(iBoA) macromonomer functions as an excellent addition–fragmentation agent, not only lowering dispersity but also providing a means to efficiently produce blocky acrylate copolymers through sequential monomer feeding in the starved‐feed semibatch process.
Genetic and pathological findings in a boy with psoriasis and C3 glomerulonephritis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wei Lei , Fang Ye , Cao Guanghai , Zhang Shufeng , Tian Ming , Shen Qian , Xu Hong , Liu Cuihua , Rao Jia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with complex genetic basis supported by family investigation. Renal involvement in psoriasis is sparsely studied and its pathogenesis is still unclear.Methods and ResultsWe describe the case of a 7‐year‐old boy presented new onset of nephropathy two weeks after a flare‐up of psoriasis. His mother had a long history of psoriasis without abnormal urinalysis records. The case showed non‐nephrotic range proteinuria, microscopic hematuria without any other abnormal results including renal function, complement cascade, and ultrasound. Renal pathological demonstrated the diagnosis of C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) showing mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with C3 staining only, effacement of podocyte process and intramembranous electron dense deposit by electric microscopy. Parent‐child trio WES performed to screening the common variants of psoriasis susceptibility locus and also the rare variants associated with C3GN. We identified a missense single nucleotide polymorphism of CARD14 (*607211, rs34367357, p.Val585Ile) carried by the proband and his mother. Meta‐analysis proved the association of rs34367357 and psoriasis (p = 0.006, OR = 1.23). A hemizygouse mutation of CLCN5 (*300008, c.1904A＞G,p.Asn635Ser) was identified for diagnosis of Dent disease (*300009).ConclusionThe case highlights the genetic study is necessary to facilitate disease differentiation in new onset of nephropathy with psoriasis in children.
Cheminformatics in Natural Product‐based Drug Discovery
Authors: Chen Ya , Kirchmair Johannes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review seeks to provide a timely survey of the scope and limitations of cheminformatics methods in natural product‐based drug discovery. Following an overview of data resources of chemical, biological and structural information on natural products, we discuss, among other aspects, in silico methods for (i) data curation and natural products dereplication, (ii) analysis, visualization, navigation and comparison of the chemical space, (iii) quantification of natural product‐likeness, (iv) prediction of the bioactivities (virtual screening, target prediction), ADME and safety profiles (toxicity) of natural products, (v) natural products‐inspired de novo design and (vi) prediction of natural products prone to cause interference with biological assays. Among the many methods discussed are rule‐based, similarity‐based, shape‐based, pharmacophore‐based and network‐based approaches, docking and machine learning methods.
Evaluation of renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury by magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis: An experimental study
Authors: Pan Liang , Chen Jie , Zha Tingting , Zou Liqiu , Zhang Jinggang , Jin Peijie , Luo Jiao , Xing Wei 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo explore the value of MRI texture analysis in evaluating the presence and severity of early renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI).MethodsHealthy New Zealand rabbits were used (IRI group, N = 54; control group, N = 8). Rabbits in the IRI group underwent left renal artery clamping for 60 minutes. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and at 1, 12, 24, and 48 hours after IRI. The relationship between MRI texture features and histopathology parameters was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. The diagnostic performance of texture features in kidney differentiation at different time points was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsT2WI_S(3,‐3)Inverse_Difference_Moment had the strongest correlation with brush border destruction, tubular epithelial edema, necrosis, and cast (r = 0.56, −0.58, 0.62, and 0.69, respectively; all P < .001). BOLD_S(4,‐4)Correlation had the strongest correlation with interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (r = 0.63, P < .001). SWI_S(4,4)Difference_Entropy had the strongest correlation with microvessel density (r = 0.61, P < .001). The areas under the curve for T2WI_S(3,‐3)Inverse_Difference_Moment, SWI_S(4,4)Difference_Entropy, and BOLD_S(4,‐4)Correlation in kidney differentiation before IRI and that at 1 and 12 hours after reperfusion were 0.76, 0.72, and 0.70, respectively; the values before IRI and at 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion were 0.84, 0.81, and 0.69, respectively. The area under the curve for T2WI_S(3,‐3)Inverse_Difference_Moment in kidney differentiation at 1 and 12 hours after reperfusion and that at 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion was 0.66.ConclusionMagnetic resonance imaging texture analysis can be used for evaluating the presence and severity of early renal IRI.
Entrepreneurship‐driven public management reforms in Southeast Asia: Critical implications for public accountability
Authors: Haque M. Shamsul 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn recent decades, public management has been restructured worldwide for greater efficiency and innovation based on entrepreneurship‐driven models such as Reinventing Governance, New Public Management, and post‐NPM frameworks. The primary intent of these business‐like models is instilling entrepreneurship, which would encourage risk‐taking innovation, managerial autonomy, performance orientation, and customer choice. Such entrepreneurial orientation is embedded in organizational‐managerial reforms related to human resource management, budgeting framework, performance benchmarking, and so on. These entrepreneurship‐driven reforms have significant impacts on administrative structure, procedures, and norms affecting the process of public sector accountability. In line with such global trends, most countries in Southeast Asia have embraced some of these pro‐market business‐type reforms in public management to enhance its entrepreneurship, innovation, and competition, which have implications for managerial control, neutrality, regulation, and integrity required for public accountability. This article explores these entrepreneurship‐driven reforms in the region and evaluates their critical implications for the long‐established institutions, structures, and procedures of public accountability.
Randomized controlled and double‐blinded study of Caphosol versus saline oral rinses in pediatric patients with cancer
Authors: Immonen Egle , Aine Liisa , Nikkilä Atte , Parikka Mataleena , Grönroos Marika , Vepsäläinen Kaisa , Palmu Sauli , Helminen Mika , Peltomäki Timo , Lohi Olli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is a significant side effect of cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare topically administered Caphosol to saline rinses in the prevention of mucositis in pediatric cancer patients.ProcedureA controlled, double‐blinded, and randomized clinical crossover study recruited patients between 2 to 17.99 years of age who were diagnosed with a malignancy and were receiving either high‐dose methotrexate (≥1 g/m2), anthracycline, or cisplatin chemotherapy (NCT0280733). All patients received two 7‐day cycles of the mouth rinses; that is, one cycle of Caphosol and one cycle of saline in a randomized order. Oral changes and symptoms were evaluated using the World Health Organisation (WHO) toxicity scale and the Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES). The primary endpoint was the frequency and severity of OM and oral symptoms.ResultsA total of 56 patients were recruited to the study, of whom 45 were randomized with a median age of 6.5 years (range 2.1‐17.1 years). No cases of severe OM were observed. Grade ≥ 3 oral symptoms were present at least once in six (13%) patients during the Caphosol cycle and 13 (29%) patients during the saline cycle (P = .12). The peak of symptom scores was evident at around day 4‐7 after administration of the chemotherapy with no marked differences between the rinse solutions. Multivariable regression analysis did not indicate a benefit of using Caphosol over the saline solution.ConclusionsNo difference in prevention of oral mucositis was observed between the use of Caphosol or saline rinses.
Opioid prescribing on discharge to skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Hubsky Ashlee R. , Noble Brie N. , Hartung Daniel M. , Tjia Jennifer , Lapane Kate L. , Furuno Jon P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeSkilled nursing facility (SNF) residents are at increased risk for opioid‐related harms. We quantified the frequency of opioid prescribing among patients discharged from an acute care hospital to SNFs.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study among adult (≥18 years) inpatients discharged from a quaternary‐care academic referral hospital in Portland, OR to a SNF between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. Our primary outcome was receipt of an opioid prescription on discharge to a SNF. Our exposures included patient demographics (eg, age, sex), comorbid illnesses, surgical diagnosis related group (DRG), receiving opioids on the first day of the index hospital admission, and inpatient hospital length of stay.ResultsAmong 4374 patients discharged to a SNF, 3053 patients (70%) were prescribed an opioid on discharge. Among patients prescribed an opioid, 61% were over the age of 65 years, 50% were male, and 58% had a surgical Medicare severity diagnosis related group (MS‐DRG). Approximately 70% of patients discharged to a SNF were prescribed an opioid on discharge, of which 68% were for oxycodone, and 52% were for ≥90 morphine milligram equivalents per day. Surgical DRG, diagnoses of cancer or chronic pain, last pain score, and receipt of an opioid on first day of the index hospital admission were independently associated with being prescribed an opioid on discharge to a SNF.ConclusionOpioids were frequently prescribed at high doses to patients discharged to a SNF. Efforts to improve opioid prescribing safety during this transition may be warranted.
Evaluation and application of poly(ethylene glycol) as lubricant in water‐based drilling fluid for horizontal well in Sulige Gas Field
Authors: Liu Xiongxiong , Gao Long , Wang Qingchen , Gu Xuefan , Du Weichao , Zhang Jie , Gang Chen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the increasing amount of drilling of directional wells and large‐displacement wells, high torque and high resistance have become critical problems. Therefore, high‐performance and environment‐friendly lubricants for water‐based drilling fluid are urgently needed. In this paper, poly(ethylene glycol) 2000 (PEG) was used as a lubricant, and the lubricity, inhibition, compatibility and temperature resistance of the PEG lubricant were investigated. The results show that 0.1% (mass ratio) PEG in water‐based drilling fluid can reduce the friction coefficient of mud cake by 44.5%. This PEG also has certain inhibition and temperature resistance. As PEG is used with other drilling fluid additives, the compatibility was good and the lubricity of drilling fluid can be improved effectively. The lubricating mechanism of PEG was explored and the results showed that the hydrophobic alkane chains in the PEG molecules were adsorbed on the surface of bentonite, forming a hydrophobic film on the friction surface, thereby forming a lubricating layer. Field application in Sulige Gas Field showed that the PEG lubricant has good lubricity and can meet the technical requirements of corresponding horizontal wells. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Impact of Number of Drugs on Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yamaoka Makiko , Chono Masayuki , Fukumoto Miki , Watanabe Tomomi , Fukaya Takeshi , Momosaki Ryo 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the number of drugs on rehabilitation outcomes for patients with acute traumatic brain injury.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHospital‐based database created by the Japan Medical Data Center.ParticipantsPatients with acute traumatic brain injury admitted between April 2014 and November 2017.MethodsAnalysis of relationships among 1‐5 and ≥ 6 drugs as well as clinical outcomes in 2603 patients.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe primary outcome was defined as the Barthel index efficiency, and the secondary outcome was Barthel index gain and length of hospital stay.ResultsMedian Barthel index score on admission was 40. Barthel index efficiency and Barthel index gain were significantly higher in the group that had taken 1‐5 drugs than in the group that had taken ≥6 drugs on admission (median: 1.19 vs 0.50, 20.0 vs 10.0). Also, the group that had taken 1‐5 drugs had a significantly shorter length of hospital stay than in the group that had taken ≥6 drugs on admission (median 11.0 vs 14.0). Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis showed that having taken ≥6 drugs on admission was independently associated with Barthel index efficiency, Barthel index gain, and length of stay.ConclusionsTaking≥6 drugs for acute traumatic brain injury was associated with lower Barthel index efficiency, lower Barthel index gain, and longer length of stay than taking 1‐5 drugs.
Crystal structure of chalcone synthase, a key enzyme for isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean
Authors: Imaizumi Riki , Mameda Ryo , Takeshita Kohei , Kubo Hiroki , Sakai Naoki , Nakata Shun , Takahashi Seiji , Kataoka Kunishige , Yamamoto Masaki , Nakayama Toru , Yamashita Satoshi , Waki Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIsoflavonoid is one of the groups of flavonoids that play pivotal roles in the survival of land plants. Chalcone synthase (CHS), the first enzyme of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the formation of a common isoflavonoid precursor. We have previously reported that an isozyme of soybean CHS (termed GmCHS1) is a key component of the isoflavonoid metabolon, a protein complex to enhance efficiency of isoflavonoid production. Here, we determined the crystal structure of GmCHS1 as a first step of understanding the metabolon structure, as well as to better understand the catalytic mechanism of GmCHS1.
Ascorbate sensitizes human osteosarcoma cells to the cytostatic effects of cisplatin
Authors: Oka Naohiro , Komuro Akiyoshi , Amano Hisayuki , Dash Suman , Honda Masahiko , Ota Kazushige , Nishimura Shunji , Ueda Takeshi , Akagi Masao , Okada Hitoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor and a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in children and adolescents. Current standard treatments for OS are a combination of preoperative chemotherapy, surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Cisplatin is used as the standard chemotherapeutic for OS treatment, but it induces various adverse effects, limiting its clinical application. Improving treatment efficacy without increasing the cisplatin dosage is desirable. In the present study, we assessed the combined effect of ascorbate on cisplatin treatment using cultured human OS cells. Co‐treatment with ascorbate induced greater suppression of OS cell but not nonmalignant cell proliferation. The chemosensitizing effect of ascorbate on cisplatin treatment was tightly linked to ROS production. Altered cellular redox state due to increased ROS production modified glycolysis and mitochondrial function in OS cells. In addition, OS cell sphere formation was markedly decreased, suggesting that ascorbate increased the treatment efficacy of cisplatin against stem‐like cells in the cancer cell population. We also found that enhanced MYC signaling, ribosomal biogenesis, glycolysis, and mitochondrial respiration are key signatures in OS cells with cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, cisplatin resistance was reversed by ascorbate. Taken together, our findings provide a rationale for combining cisplatin with ascorbate in therapeutic strategies against OS.
A novel detonation arrester containing a large disk with long triangular slits: Design and numerical simulation
Authors: Yue Jianping , Long Wei , Liu Huaguo , Guo Shuaishuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAiming at the problem that common flame arresters can only extinguish deflagration flame, but cannot effectively extinguish detonation flame in large pipelines, this paper proposes a novel structure of detonation arrester based on heat transfer theory to improve the detonation flame extinguishing efficiency. The flame arresting element is composed of a large disk with long triangular slits and is used as the quenching part of detonation arrester in a monolithic structure. Compared with common flame arrester consists of several small fires retarding elements, the proposed monolithic structure is safer due to its integrity. In addition, this paper explores the relationship between flame extinguishing ability, detonation pressure, and temperature change. This investigation determined that the diameter of the quenching part and the parameters(length and height) of the long triangular slits were the key factors affecting the quenching characteristics, and as the diameter and porosity increase, the detonation pressure at the front of the flame arrester will decrease. Finally, the rationality and applicability of the structure are verified by simulation experiments. These preliminary conclusions are helpful to reveal the nature of the proposed structure and solve the technical problem of preventing detonation flame propagation of coal mine gas in large pipelines.