bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Io’s tidal response precludes a shallow magma ocean
Authors: Park R. S. , Jacobson R. A. , Gomez Casajus L. , Nimmo F. , Ermakov A. I. , Keane J. T. , McKinnon W. B. , Stevenson D. J. , Akiba R. , Idini B. , Buccino D. R. , Magnanini A. , Parisi M. , Tortora P. , Zannoni M. , Mura A. , Durante D. , Iess L. , Connerney J. E. P. , Levin S. M. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Io experiences tidal deformation as a result of its eccentric orbit around Jupiter, which provides a primary energy source for Io’s continuing volcanic activity and infrared emission1. The amount of tidal energy dissipated within Io is enormous and has been suggested to support the large-scale melting of its interior and the formation of a global subsurface magma ocean. If Io has a shallow global magma ocean, its tidal deformation would be much larger than in the case of a more rigid, mostly solid interior2. Here we report the measurement of Io’s tidal deformation, quantified by the gravitational tidal Love number k
2, enabled by two recent flybys of the Juno spacecraft. By combining Juno3,4 and Galileo5–7 Doppler data from the NASA Deep Space Network and astrometric observations, we recover Re(k
2) of 0.125 ± 0.047 (1σ) and the tidal dissipation parameter Q of 11.4 ± 3.6 (1σ). These measurements confirm that a shallow global magma ocean in Io does not exist and are consistent with Io having a mostly solid mantle2. Our results indicate that tidal forces do not universally create global magma oceans, which may be prevented from forming owing to rapid melt ascent, intrusion and eruption8,9, so even strong tidal heating—such as that expected on several known exoplanets and super-Earths10—may not guarantee the formation of magma oceans on moons or planetary bodies.
MouseGoggles: an immersive virtual reality headset for mouse neuroscience and behavior
Authors: Isaacson Matthew , Chang Hongyu , Berkowitz Laura , Zirkel Rick , Park Yusol , Hu Danyu , Ellwood Ian , Schaffer Chris B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Small-animal virtual reality (VR) systems have become invaluable tools in neuroscience for studying complex behavior during head-fixed neural recording, but they lag behind commercial human VR systems in terms of miniaturization, immersivity and advanced features such as eye tracking. Here we present MouseGoggles, a miniature VR headset for head-fixed mice that delivers independent, binocular visual stimulation over a wide field of view while enabling eye tracking and pupillometry in VR. Neural recordings in the visual cortex validate the quality of image presentation, while hippocampal recordings, associative reward learning and innate fear responses to virtual looming stimuli demonstrate an immersive VR experience. Our open-source system’s simplicity and compact size will enable the broader adoption of VR methods in neuroscience.
Autonomous medical evaluation for guideline adherence of large language models
Authors: Fast Dennis , Adams Lisa C. , Busch Felix , Fallon Conor , Huppertz Marc , Siepmann Robert , Prucker Philipp , Bayerl Nadine , Truhn Daniel , Makowski Marcus , Löser Alexander , Bressem Keno K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutonomous Medical Evaluation for Guideline Adherence (AMEGA) is a comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate large language models’ adherence to medical guidelines across 20 diagnostic scenarios spanning 13 specialties. It includes an evaluation framework and methodology to assess models’ capabilities in medical reasoning, differential diagnosis, treatment planning, and guideline adherence, using open-ended questions that mirror real-world clinical interactions. It includes 135 questions and 1337 weighted scoring elements designed to assess comprehensive medical knowledge. In tests of 17 LLMs, GPT-4 scored highest with 41.9/50, followed closely by Llama-3 70B and WizardLM-2-8x22B. For comparison, a recent medical graduate scored 25.8/50. The benchmark introduces novel content to avoid the issue of LLMs memorizing existing medical data. AMEGA’s publicly available code supports further research in AI-assisted clinical decision-making, aiming to enhance patient care by aiding clinicians in diagnosis and treatment under time constraints.
Neurobeachin regulates receptor downscaling at GABAergic inhibitory synapses in a protein kinase A-dependent manner
Authors: Lützenkirchen Felix P. , Zhu Yipeng , Maric Hans M. , Boeck Dominik S. , Gromova Kira V. , Kneussel Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGABAergic synapses critically modulate neuronal excitability, and plastic changes in inhibitory synaptic strength require reversible interactions between GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and their postsynaptic anchor gephyrin. Inhibitory long-term potentiation (LTP) depends on the postsynaptic recruitment of gephyrin and GABAARs, whereas the neurotransmitter GABA can induce synaptic removal of GABAARs. However, the mechanisms and players underlying plastic adaptation of synaptic strength are incompletely understood. Here we show that neurobeachin (Nbea), a receptor trafficking protein, is a component of inhibitory synapses, interacts with gephyrin and regulates the downscaling of inhibitory synaptic transmission. We found that the recruitment of Nbea to GABAergic synapses is activity-dependent and that Nbea regulates GABAAR internalization in a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent manner. In heterozygous neurons lacking one Nbea allele, re-expression of Nbea but not expression of a PKA binding-deficient Nbea mutant rescued the internalization of GABAARs. Our data suggest a mechanism by which Nbea mediates PKA anchoring at inhibitory postsynaptic sites to downregulate GABAergic transmission. They emphasize the importance of kinase positioning in the regulation of synaptic strength.
Non-invasive eye tracking and retinal view reconstruction in free swimming schooling fish
Authors: Wu Ruiheng , Deussen Oliver , Couzin Iain D. , Li Liang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEye tracking has emerged as a key method for understanding how animals process visual information, identifying crucial elements of perception and attention. Traditional fish eye tracking often alters animal behavior due to invasive techniques, while non-invasive methods are limited to either 2D tracking or restricting animals after training. Our study introduces a non-invasive technique for tracking and reconstructing the retinal view of free-swimming fish in a large 3D arena without behavioral training. Using 3D fish bodymeshes reconstructed by DeepShapeKit, our method integrates multiple camera angles, deep learning for 3D fish posture reconstruction, perspective transformation, and eye tracking. We evaluated our approach using data from two fish swimming in a flow tank, captured from two perpendicular viewpoints, and validated its accuracy using human-labeled and synthesized ground truth data. Our analysis of eye movements and retinal view reconstruction within leader-follower schooling behavior reveals that fish exhibit negatively synchronised eye movements and focus on neighbors centered in the retinal view. These findings are consistent with previous studies on schooling fish, providing a further, indirect, validation of our method. Our approach offers new insights into animal attention in naturalistic settings and potentially has broader implications for studying collective behavior and advancing swarm robotics.
Generative language models exhibit social identity biases
Authors: Hu Tiancheng , Kyrychenko Yara , Rathje Steve , Collier Nigel , van der Linden Sander , Roozenbeek Jon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Social identity biases, particularly the tendency to favor one’s own group (ingroup solidarity) and derogate other groups (outgroup hostility), are deeply rooted in human psychology and social behavior. However, it is unknown if such biases are also present in artificial intelligence systems. Here we show that large language models (LLMs) exhibit patterns of social identity bias, similarly to humans. By administering sentence completion prompts to 77 different LLMs (for instance, ‘We are…’), we demonstrate that nearly all base models and some instruction-tuned and preference-tuned models display clear ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. These biases manifest both in controlled experimental settings and in naturalistic human–LLM conversations. However, we find that careful curation of training data and specialized fine-tuning can substantially reduce bias levels. These findings have important implications for developing more equitable artificial intelligence systems and highlight the urgent need to understand how human–LLM interactions might reinforce existing social biases.
qTAG: an adaptable plasmid scaffold for CRISPR-based endogenous tagging
Authors: Philip Reuben , Sharma Amit , Matellan Laura , Erpf Anna C , Hsu Wen-Hsin , Tkach Johnny M , Wyatt Haley D M , Pelletier Laurence 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Endogenous tagging enables the study of proteins within their native regulatory context, typically using CRISPR to insert tag sequences directly into the gene sequence. Here, we introduce qTAG, a collection of repair cassettes that makes endogenous tagging more accessible. The cassettes support N- and C-terminal tagging with commonly used selectable markers and feature restriction sites for easy modification. Lox sites also enable the removal of the marker gene after successful integration. We demonstrate the utility of qTAG with a range of diverse tags for applications in fluorescence imaging, proximity labeling, epitope tagging, and targeted protein degradation. The system includes novel tags like mStayGold, offering enhanced brightness and photostability for live-cell imaging of native protein dynamics. Additionally, we explore alternative cassette designs for conditional expression tagging, selectable knockout tagging, and safe-harbor expression. The plasmid collection is available through Addgene, featuring ready-to-use constructs for common subcellular markers and tagging cassettes to target genes of interest. The qTAG system will serve as an open resource for researchers to adapt and tailor their own experiments.
Cholesterol restriction primes antiviral innate immunity via SREBP1-driven noncanonical type I IFNs
Authors: Nishimura Tasuku , Kouwaki Takahisa , Takashima Ken , Ochi Akie , Mtali Yohana S , Oshiumi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cholesterol metabolism is associated with innate immune responses; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we perform chemical screening to isolate small molecules influencing RIG-I activity, a cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor. We find that statins, which inhibit cholesterol synthesis, dramatically enhance RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses in specific cell types. Since statins exhibit pleiotropic effects on type I interferon (IFN) responses, we further focus on their effects on RIG-I signaling. The restriction of cholesterol synthesis induces expression of noncanonical type I IFNs, such as IFN-ω, in an SREBP1 transcription factor-dependent manner. This pathway subsequently enhances RIG-I-mediated signaling following viral infection. Administration of statins augments RIG-I-dependent cytokine expression in the lungs of mice. Conversely, a mouse obesity model shows a diminished RIG-I response. Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal a subset of alveolar macrophages that increase RIG-I expression in response to inhibited cholesterol synthesis in vivo. This study reveals SREBP1-mediated noncanonical type I IFN expression, linking cholesterol metabolism and RIG-I signaling.
Aided Communication With Individuals Who Have Multiple Disabilities That Include Visual Impairments: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nattress Naomi , Gevarter Cindy , Nannemann Allison , Martinez Elizabeth , Binger Cathy 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Despite several decades of research focused on improving early symbolic communication for individuals with multiple disabilities, relatively limited focus has been placed on individuals who also have visual impairments. To establish what is currently known about aided language adaptations for this population, a meta-analysis was conducted to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention approaches for individuals with multiple disabilities that include visual impairments.

Method:
Six relevant databases were systematically searched. Seven hundred eighty-nine articles were narrowed to eight intervention studies that met the design standards set for this review.

Results:
Of the eight intervention studies that met design standards, five used modified versions of the Picture Exchange Communication System and three used a combination of approaches such as communication partner instruction plus environmental arrangement. Most studies used low-tech AAC such as tangible symbols, photo cues, and communication books, and most focused on improving independent requesting. Overall, the studies indicated positive findings for increasing pragmatic language skills such as requesting, turn-taking, and student-to-peer interactions. However, the total number of participants across studies was extremely limited (i.e., 19 participants total). Clearly, much additional research is required to devise adequate accommodations for individuals with multiple disabilities, including visual impairments, and to expand communicative functions beyond simple requests.

Conclusions:
The use of visual impairment accommodations appeared largely effective for the included aided AAC interventions, although consultation with visual impairment specialists was not consistently reported across the included studies. More rigorous research must occur within this population to better inform clinical practice and future studies.
Preliminary Examination of the Stability of Sequential Associations Between the Talk of Educators and Autistic Preschoolers Using Generalizability Theory
Authors: Ford Andrea L. B. , Elmquist Marianne , Johnson LeAnne D. , Tapp Jon 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Estimating the sequential associations between educators' and children's talk during language learning interactions requires careful consideration of factors that may impact measurement stability and resultant inferences. This research note will describe a preliminary study that used generalizability theory to understand the contribution of two measurement conditions—
occasions
and
raters
—on estimates of sequential associations between educator talk and autistic preschooler talk in inclusive preschool classrooms.

Method:
We used an existing data set of four 15-min video-recorded occasions of educator–child interactions for 11 autistic preschoolers during free-play in their inclusive classroom. Two trained raters coded all videos for preschooler talk and type of educator talk (i.e., opportunities for expressive language [OELs], other talk). We conducted two generalizability studies on sequential association estimates for two interaction directions (i.e., preschooler talk following educator OEL and educator talk following preschooler talk). We conducted a series of decision studies to explore configurations of measurement conditions to optimize future investigations.

Results:
We had unstable estimates for both interaction directions in our current methodological approach, with raters accounting for minimal error and occasions accounting for considerable error. Future investigations would require at least six observation occasions for stable estimates of the sequential association between autistic preschooler talk following educator OEL that was stable after six occasions. More than 15 occasions were required for stable estimates of the association between educator talk following autistic preschooler talk.

Conclusion:
We will share recommendations and implications for future investigations to estimate educator and child talk sequential associations within preschool language interactions.
The Influence of Diet on Perceived Voice Fatigue in Professional Voice Users: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Fletcher T. Laine , Plexico Laura W. , Hoch Matthew , Sandage Mary J. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this investigation was to understand if diet, particularly diets that are low in animal sources of creatine, which is one substrate important for muscle metabolism, may play a role in the perception of voice fatigue in vocal performers.

Method:
Individuals who use their voice professionally as performers were recruited for an online survey that collected demographic information, vocal performance metrics, and dietary details regarding the number of servings of animal protein per week. Participants were also asked to complete three standardized, validated vocal function questionnaires. All data were descriptively analyzed. Reported diet, hydration, and hours of performance per week were compared with vocal function questionnaire scores.

Results:
A clear link between dietary intake of animal sourced creatine and perception of voice tiredness as measured with vocal function questionnaires was not observed. Increased reported hydration appeared to have slightly lower perception of voice tiredness. Volunteers who reported higher vocal performance hours per week tended to score higher on the vocal function questionnaire regarding voice tiredness measures.

Conclusions:
Diet absent or low in creatine does not appear to have a meaningful effect on the experience of vocal fatigue in vocal performers. Higher water intake indicated somewhat lower perceived voice fatigue and hours of reported vocal performance per week indicated somewhat higher perceived voice fatigue, both results of which are consistent with clinical and empirical observations.
Virtual reality‐based preoperative planning for optimized trocar placement in thoracic surgery: A preliminary study
Authors: Harirpoush Arash , Rakovich George , Kersten‐Oertel Marta , Xiao Yiming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVideo‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive approach for treating early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Optimal trocar placement during VATS ensures comprehensive access to the thoracic cavity, provides a panoramic endoscopic view, and prevents instrument crowding. While established principles such as the Baseball Diamond Principle (BDP) and Triangle Target Principle (TTP) exist, surgeons mainly rely on experience and patient‐specific anatomy for trocar placement, potentially leading to sub‐optimal surgical plans that increase operative time and fatigue. To address this, the authors present the first virtual reality (VR)‐based pre‐operative planning tool with tailored data visualization and interaction designs for efficient and optimal VATS trocar placement, following the established surgical principles and consultation with an experienced surgeon. In the preliminary study, the system's application in right upper lung lobectomy is demonstrated, a common thoracic procedure typically using three trocars. A preliminary user study of the system indicates it is efficient, robust, and user‐friendly for planning optimal trocar placement, with a great promise for clinical application while offering potentially valuable insights for the development of other surgical VR systems.
A novel strategy for optimal data replication in peer‐to‐peer networks based on a multi‐objective optimisation – NSGA‐II algorithm
Authors: Samimi Abouzar , Goudarzi Maryam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA peer‐to‐peer (P2P) network is defined as a distributed network in which nodes with similar characteristics exchange data with others. Efficient data sharing in P2P systems is essentially faced with challenges due to uncertainties of erratic node failures and unreliable network connectivity. Data replication on multiple nodes can improve availability and alleviate latency. However, the number of created replicas and the corresponding location of these replicas need to be determined optimally. In this paper, a novel framework for data replication is proposed in P2P networks, in which optimal allocations are achieved based on the two objectives including the minimisation of delay and maximisation of hit rate of queries. The proposed model finds allocations that specify the number and location of each replica of existing files in the network based on two considered objectives. A multi‐objective technique based on the Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) algorithm is utilised to solve the proposed model and to extract non‐dominated Pareto‐optimal solutions of the allocations. Finally, one of the allocations of the obtained Pareto optimal set is applied to the network and the delay and hit rate of queries pertaining to this situation is compared with two models: i) initial model of the network, that is, the state where there is no replica of the files except the original version of the file, and ii) the random replication model to verify the efficiency of the presented method. All simulations in this paper have been done using C++ programming language.
Bayesian insights into the Tycho supernova remnant: A detailed mapping of ejecta properties
Authors: Godinaud L. , Acero F. , Decourchelle A. , Ballet J. 
Published: December 2024

Context. While Tycho’s supernova remnant (SNR) is one of the most studied type Ia Galactic SNRs, a global view of the physical properties of its ejecta is lacking to be able to understand its mysteries. In particular, the spatial distribution of the Si-rich ejecta line- of-sight velocity presents a unexplained large-scale asymmetry, with the north dominantly blueshifted and the south redshifted.
Aims. To investigate the origin of this line-of-sight velocity asymmetry in the ejecta and its current dynamics, we carried out a detailed X-ray spatially resolved spectral analysis of the entire shocked ejecta in Tycho’s SNR to determine the physical properties of its various components. This study is based on the archival deep X-ray observations from the Chandra space telescope.
Methods. The spatially resolved spectral analysis in 211 regions over the entire SNR is based on a tessellation method applied to the line-of-sight velocity map. We modelled the ejecta emission with two thermal non-equilibrium ionisation components of different compositions for intermediate-mass elements (IME) and iron-rich ejecta. We included Doppler shift and line broadening and added a power law for the synchrotron emission, and additional constraints. A Bayesian tool was used to conduct the fitting, using a nested sampling algorithm. This allowed us to us to obtain a complete view of the statistical landscape.
Results. We provide maps of the physical parameters of the various components across the SNR ejecta. The Doppler shift map spectrally confirms the large-scale north-south asymmetry in the line-of-sight velocity that was obtained from a general morphological component analysis. We reveal different spatial distributions of temperature and ionisation time for IMEs and for iron-rich ejecta, but none of these maps shows a structure associated with the large-scale north-south asymmetry in the line-of-sight velocity distribution. In the IME component, we observed an overall anti-correlation between the temperature and ionisation time that could arise from different ionisation histories. The abundance maps show spatial variations, depending on the element, perhaps due to an origin in different layers during the explosion. We compare these abundances with some nucleosynthesis models. In addition, we observe for the first time an emission line at 0.654 keV possibly related to oxygen. Its spatial distribution differs from the other elements, so this line may arise in the ambient medium.