bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibration Performance of Axially Graded Polymeric Viscoelastic Beams
Authors: Heras Segura Mariona , Singh Kumar Vikram , Khan Fazeel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Structures having a non-homogenous axial distribution of geometrical and material parameters have shown marked improvements in their load carrying capacity, bucking and vibration characteristics. Viscoelastic polymeric materials inherently offer a combination of stiffness and damping which are dependent on frequency and temperature. Therefore, the vibration and dynamic behavior of such engineering structures can be manipulated by grading polymeric viscoelastic materials in a structure. In this research, the transverse vibration performance of an axially graded polymeric beam is considered through systematic modeling and optimization study. A piecewise continuous model has been developed for axially graded beams and their free vibration and frequency response characteristics were analyzed for different combination and grading schemes of polymeric materials. By spatially distributing the range of polymeric materials along the span, spectral characteristics (natural frequencies, modal damping) of graded beams are obtained. Numerical simulations are carried out with axially graded beams made of materials (PLA, ABS, Nylon and TPU) which are easily available for 3D printing. Their spectral characteristics were analyzed and it is demonstrated that frequency and damping characteristics can be manipulated with a prescribed axial distribution of viscoelastic materials. Hence they can be the basis for optimal structural design to achieve a desired dynamic performance.
The Vibration and Modal Power Flow Analysis of a Functionally Graded Material Beam With an Open Crack
Authors: Liang Xiaotian , Li Tianyun , Heng Xing , Hu Xiaofang , Zhu Xiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The free vibration and modal power flow of a functionally graded material (FGM) beam with an open crack are studied. The crack is simulated by using the massless-rotational spring model. The natural frequencies and corresponding modal shapes of the cracked beam are obtained by the wave propagation method. A modal power flow formula of the FGM beam is deduced by Bernoulli-beam theory. A detailed parametric study is conducted to show the influences of crack location, crack depth, material property gradient, and boundary condition on the modal power flow characteristics based on a modal power flow damage index. Numerical examples show that the damage index based on the modal power flow can effectively identify the crack in the FGM beam, which provides the basis for the future study on the modal power flow based damage detection of functionally graded material structures.
<b>II. DARSTELLUNGEN</b> <p>1.Literaturkritische Essays, Werkanalysen, Interpretationen und Abhandlungen zu Einzelaspekten Nr. 296-349</p> <p>2. Dissertationen und Diplomarbeiten Nr. 350-356</p> <p>3. Artikel und Hinweise in Literaturlexika und literaturgeschichtlichen Handbüchern Nr. 357-373</p> <p>4. Rezensionen in Tages- und Wochenzeitungen, Zeitschriften und Rundfunksendungen</p> <p><i>die autobiographie des albert einstein</i> Nr. 374-382</p> <p><i>Der Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs und andere Romane</i> Nr. 383-388</p> <p><i>Der Wille zur Krankheit</i> Nr. 389-395</p> <p><i>Lichtenberg</i> Nr. 396-406</p> <p><i>Herr Mantel und Herr Hemd</i> Nr. 407-412</p> <p><i>Der große Horizont</i> Nr. 413-435</p> <p><i>Ein neuer Morgen</i> Nr. 436-455</p> <p><i>Sehnsucht (Graz)</I> Nr. 456-478</p> <p><i>Sehnsucht (Basel)</i> Nr. 479-490</p> <p><i>Sehnsucht (Wien)</i> Nr. 491-492</p> <p><i>Sehnsucht (Berlin)</i> Nr. 493-500</p> <p><i>Sehnsucht (Saarbrücken)</i> Nr. 501</p> <p><i>Winterreise</i> Nr. 502-535</P> <p><i>Dämmerung</i> Nr. 536-547</p> <p><i>Menschen, Bilder, Marionetten - Prosa, Kurzromane, Stücke</i> Nr. 548-556</p> <p><i>Der stille Ozean</I> Nr. 557-589</p> <p><i>Bruno Kreisky</i> Nr. 590-596</p> <p><i>Circus Saluti</i> Nr. 597-610</p> <p><i>On the Boarderline/Grenzland</i> Nr. 611-615</p> <p>Die schönen Bilder beim Trabrennen</i> Nr. 616</p> <p><i>Das Töten des Bussards</i> Nr. 617-619</p> <p><i> Landläufiger Tod u. Dorfchronik zum "Landläufigen Tod"</i> Nr. 620-647</p> <p><i>Erinnerungen an die Menschheit</i> Nr. 648-688</p> <p><i>Am Abgrund</i> Nr. 689-708</p> <p><i>Gsellmanns Weltmaschine</i> Nr. 709-711</p> <p><i>Franz Lindner und er selber</i> Nr. 712-715</p> <p><i>Der Untersuchungsrichter. Die Gechichte eines Entwurfs</i> Nr. 716-731</p> <p><i> Über Bienen</i> Nr. 732-737</p> <p><i>Im tiefen Österreich</i> Nr. 738-747</p> <p><i>Über Bilder. Österreichische Malerei nach 1945</i> Nr. 748-752</p> <p><i>Eine Reise in das Innere von Wien</i> Nr. 753-770</p> <p><i>Die Gechichte der Dunkelheit</i> Nr. 771-794</p> <p><i> Die Archive des Schweigens</i> Nr. 795-805</p>
Authors: -- -- 
Published: January 2020

Gerhard Roth, Bibliographie 1966-1994
Impact of blinding on estimated treatment effects in randomised clinical trials: meta-epidemiological study
Authors: Moustgaard Helene , Clayton Gemma L , Jones Hayley E , Boutron Isabelle , Jørgensen Lars , Laursen David R T , Olsen Mette F , Paludan-Müller Asger , Ravaud Philippe , Savović Jelena , Sterne Jonathan A C , Higgins Julian P T , Hróbjartsson Asbjørn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To study the impact of blinding on estimated treatment effects, and their variation between trials; differentiating between blinding of patients, healthcare providers, and observers; detection bias and performance bias; and types of outcome (the MetaBLIND study).

Design
Meta-epidemiological study.

Data source
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2013-14).

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
Meta-analyses with both blinded and non-blinded trials on any topic.

Review methods
Blinding status was retrieved from trial publications and authors, and results retrieved automatically from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Bayesian hierarchical models estimated the average ratio of odds ratios (ROR), and estimated the increases in heterogeneity between trials, for non-blinded trials (or of unclear status) versus blinded trials. Secondary analyses adjusted for adequacy of concealment of allocation, attrition, and trial size, and explored the association between outcome subjectivity (high, moderate, low) and average bias. An ROR lower than 1 indicated exaggerated effect estimates in trials without blinding.

Results
The study included 142 meta-analyses (1153 trials). The ROR for lack of blinding of patients was 0.91 (95% credible interval 0.61 to 1.34) in 18 meta-analyses with patient reported outcomes, and 0.98 (0.69 to 1.39) in 14 meta-analyses with outcomes reported by blinded observers. The ROR for lack of blinding of healthcare providers was 1.01 (0.84 to 1.19) in 29 meta-analyses with healthcare provider decision outcomes (eg, readmissions), and 0.97 (0.64 to 1.45) in 13 meta-analyses with outcomes reported by blinded patients or observers. The ROR for lack of blinding of observers was 1.01 (0.86 to 1.18) in 46 meta-analyses with subjective observer reported outcomes, with no clear impact of degree of subjectivity. Information was insufficient to determine whether lack of blinding was associated with increased heterogeneity between trials. The ROR for trials not reported as double blind versus those that were double blind was 1.02 (0.90 to 1.13) in 74 meta-analyses.

Conclusion
No evidence was found for an average difference in estimated treatment effect between trials with and without blinded patients, healthcare providers, or outcome assessors. These results could reflect that blinding is less important than often believed or meta-epidemiological study limitations, such as residual confounding or imprecision. At this stage, replication of this study is suggested and blinding should remain a methodological safeguard in trials.
Variation of effect estimates in the analysis of mortality and length of hospital stay in patients with infections caused by bacteria-producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shamsrizi Parichehr , Gladstone Beryl Primrose , Carrara Elena , Luise Dora , Cona Andrea , Bovo Chiara , Tacconelli Evelina 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the variation of effect estimates in the analysis of mortality and length of stay (LOS) in patients with infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEnterobacteriaceae.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysisMethodsLiterature search for clinical studies from 1 January 1960 to 1 October 2018 was conducted in PubMed. Primary outcomes were risk ratios (RRs) of all-cause and attributable mortality and weighted mean differences (WMDs) in LOS in patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) and non-invasive infections. Any change in the effect estimates was assessed by grouping studies according to design, setting, economy-based country classification, reporting period, microbiological aetiology, infection type and adjustment for appropriateness of empirical treatment. The impact of ESBL production was calculated using random-effect meta-analysis and heterogeneity was evaluated by I2statistics and metaregression.ResultsEighty-four studies including 22 030 patients and 149 outcome measures were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies were retrospective cohorts from high-income countries, providing unadjusted estimates. ESBL production in patients with BSIs (56 studies) increased the RR for all-cause mortality by a factor of 1.70 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.90; p<0.001), attributable mortality (16 studies) by 1.75 (95% CI 1.448 to 2.108; p<0.001) and WMD in the intensive care unit by 3.07 days (95% CI 1.61 to 4.54; p<0.001). WMD in hospital LOS was significantly higher in BSIs (4.41 days; 95% CI 3.37 to 5.46; p<0.001) and non-invasive (2.19 days; 95% CI 1.56 to 2.81; p<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed variation of estimates by study design, population, strain and assessment of appropriateness of empiric treatment. High heterogeneity was observed in all analyses.ConclusionsCurrent evidence of the clinical burden of infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria is highly heterogeneous and based mainly on unadjusted estimates derived from retrospective studies. Despite these limitations, ESBL production in strains causing BSIs seems associated with higher all-cause and attributable mortality and longer hospitalisation.
Epidemiology of knee osteoarthritis in general practice: a registry-based study
Authors: Spitaels David , Mamouris Pavlos , Vaes Bert , Smeets Miek , Luyten Frank , Hermens Rosella , Vankrunkelsven Patrik 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe present study investigated (1) trends in the prevalence and incidence of knee osteoarthritis over a 20-year period (1996–2015); (2) trends in multimorbidity and (3) trends in drug prescriptions.DesignRegistry-based study.SettingPrimary healthcare, Flanders, Belgium.ParticipantsData were collected from Intego, a general practice-based morbidity registration network. In the study period between 1996 and 2015, data from 440 140 unique patients were available.Outcome measuresTrends in prevalence and incidence rate of knee osteoarthritis were computed using joinpoint regression analysis. The mean disease count was calculated to assess trends in multimorbidity. In addition, the number of drug prescriptions was identified by the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification code and trends were equally recorded with joinpoint regression.ResultsThe total age-standardised prevalence of knee osteoarthritis increased from 2.0% in 1996 to 3.6% in 2015. An upward trend was observed with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 2.5 (95% CI 2.2 to 2.9). In 2015, the prevalence rates in the 10 year age groups from the 45–54 years age group onwards were 3.1%, 5.6%, 9.0% and 13.9%, to reach 15.0% in people aged 85 years and older. The incidence remained stable with 3.75‰ in 2015 (AAPC=−0.5, 95% CI −1.4 to 0.5). The mean disease count significantly increased from 1.63 to 2.34 (p<0.001) for incident cases with knee osteoarthritis. Finally, we observed a significantly positive trend in the overall prescription of acetaminophen (AAPC=6.7, 95% CI 5.6 to 7.7), weak opioids (AAPC=4.0, 95% CI 0.9 to 7.3) and glucosamine (AAPC=8.6, 95% CI 2.4 to 15.1). Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were most prescribed, with a prevalence rate of 29.8% in 2015, but remained stable during the study period (AAPC=0.0, 95% CI −1.1 to 1.1).ConclusionsIncreased prevalence, multimorbidity, and number of drug prescriptions confirm an increased burden of knee osteoarthritis. In future, these trends can be used to prioritise initiatives for improvement in care.
Study protocol for a nationwide questionnaire survey of physical activity among breast cancer survivors in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Yoichi , Tsuji Katsunori , Ochi Eisuke , Arai Hirokazu , Okubo Ryo , Kuchiba Aya , Shimazu Taichi , Sakurai Naomi , Narisawa Tomomi , Ueno Taro , Iwata Hiroji , Matsuoka Yutaka 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionA major concern is that few cancer survivors meet the guidelines for recommended levels of physical activity. No studies have investigated physical activity among breast cancer survivors nationwide in Japan. Therefore, the aims of this study are to identify the levels of physical activity among breast cancer survivors, to examine factors-related physical activity among breast cancer survivors and to identify breast cancer survivors’ preferences for and interest in exercise programmes in order to inform the future programme development.Methods and analysisWe will administer a cross-sectional survey using a self-report questionnaire to breast cancer survivors. At each of 50 facilities selected to include a variety of institutional backgrounds according to the population distribution of different regions throughout Japan, we will consecutively distribute the questionnaire to 30 outpatients who have completed initial treatments, except for hormone therapy. The target sample size is 1500 survivors. We will calculate descriptive statistics for each measurement item and perform univariate and multivariate analyses using outcome measures (eg, physical activity and quality of life) related to physical, psychological, social and environmental factors.DiscussionThis is the first nationwide survey of physical activity levels among breast cancer survivors in Japan. Identifying the factors associated with physical activity will help us to develop, disseminate and implement programmes that encourage more survivors to adhere to physical activity guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Cancer Center on 11 January 2019 (ID: 2018–295). In addition, many of the participating facilities required ethical approval from their local IRBs, while others did not. Accordingly, approval from the local IRBs of individual facilities was obtained when required. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in the Mollerussa prospective observational cohort study in a semi-rural area of Catalonia
Authors: Falguera Mireia , Vilanova Maria Belén , Alcubierre Nuria , Granado-Casas Minerva , Marsal Josep Ramón , Miró Neus , Cebrian Cristina , Molló Àngels , Franch-Nadal Josep , Mata-Cases Manel , Castelblanco Esmeralda , Mauricio Didac 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in the healthy population in the Mollerussa cohort. As a secondary objective, to identify the variables associated with these conditions and to describe the changes in glycaemic status after 1 year of follow-up in subjects with pre-diabetes.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingGeneral population from a semi-rural area.ParticipantsThe study included 583 participants without a diagnosis of diabetes recruited between March 2011 and July 2014.ResultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 20, 3.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 4.2) and that of pre-diabetes was 229, 39.3% (37.3 to 41.3). Among those with pre-diabetes, 18.3% had isolated impaired fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (FPG: 100 to <126 mg/dL), 58.1% had isolated impaired glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (HbA1c 5.7 to <6.5) and 23.6% fulfilled both criteria. Follow-up data were available for 166 subjects; 41.6%(37.8 to 45.4) returned to normoglycaemia, 57.6% (57.8 to 61.4) persisted in pre-diabetes and 0.6% (0 to 1.2) progressed to diabetes. Individuals with pre-diabetes had worse cardiometabolic risk profiles and sociodemographic features than normoglycaemic subjects. In the logistic regression model, variables significantly associated with pre-diabetes were older age (OR; 95% CI) (1.033; 1.011 to 1.056), higher physical activity (0.546; 0.360 to 0.827), body mass index (1.121; 1.029 to 1.222) and a family history of diabetes (1.543; 1.025 to 2.323). The variables significantly associated with glycaemic normalisation were older age (0.948; 0.916 to 0.982) and body mass index (0.779; 0.651 to 0.931).ConclusionsAmong adults in our region, the estimated prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.4% and that of pre-diabetes was 39.3%. After a 1-year follow-up, a small proportion of subjects (0.6%) with pre-diabetes progressed to diabetes, while a high proportion (41.6%) returned to normoglycaemia. Individuals with pre-diabetes who returned to normoglycaemia were younger and had a lower body mass index.
International development and implementation of a core measurement set for research and audit studies in implant-based breast reconstruction: a study protocol
Authors: Potter Shelley , Davies Charlotte , Holcombe Christopher , Weiler-Mithoff Eva , Skillman Joanna , Vidya Raghavan , Masannat Yazan , Weber Walter , Heil Joerg , Wilson Sherif , Thrush Steven , Whisker Lisa , Blazeby Jane , Metcalfe Chris , Avery Kerry 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionOutcome reporting in research studies of breast reconstruction is inconsistent and lacks standardisation. The results of individual studies therefore cannot be meaningfully compared or combined limiting their value. A core outcome set (COS) has been developed to address these issues and identified 11 key outcomes to be measured and reported in all future research and audit studies in reconstructive breast surgery (RBS). A COS represents what key outcomes should be measured. The next step is to determine how and when this should be done. The aim of this study is to develop a core measurement set (CMS) for use in research and audit studies in implant-based breast reconstruction.Methods and analysisThe CMS will be developed in accordance with the guidance developed by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials initiative (COMET) and COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) group for the selection of outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) for relevant outcome domains included in the RBS COS. This will involve three phases with strategies to promote implementation as a final additional phase. The phases are (1) conceptual considerations in which the target population, procedures and settings are defined; (2) systematic reviews to identify existing clinical, patient-reported and cosmetic OMIs and, if appropriate, assess their quality using COSMIN methodology; (3) a modified Delphi process including sequential Delphi surveys involving approximately 100 healthcare professionals and a face to face consensus meeting to agree and ratify which outcome definitions and OMIs should be used and standardised time points for assessment; (4) strategies to promote dissemination and adoption of the CMS.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by University of Bristol Faculty Research Ethics Committee FREC ID 60221. Dissemination strategies will include scientific meeting presentations and peer-reviewed journal publications. Implementation activities will include engagement with journal editors and funders to promote uptake and use of the CMS.
Cannabinoids for adult cancer-related pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Boland Elaine G , Bennett Michael I , Allgar Victoria , Boland Jason W 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThere is increased interest in cannabinoids for cancer pain management and legislative changes are in progress in many countries. This study aims to determine the beneficial and adverse effects of cannabis/cannabinoids compared with placebo/other active agents for the treatment of cancer-related pain in adults.MethodsSystematic review and meta-analysis to identify randomised controlled trials of cannabinoids compared with placebo/other active agents for the treatment of cancer-related pain in adults to determine the effect on pain intensity (primary outcome) and adverse effects, including dropouts. Searches included Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane and grey literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed.ResultsWe identified 2805 unique records, of which six randomised controlled trials were included in this systematic review (n=1460 participants). Five studies were included in the meta-analysis (1442 participants). All had a low risk of bias. There was no difference between cannabinoids and placebo for the difference in the change in average Numeric Rating Scale pain scores (mean difference −0.21 (−0.48 to 0.07, p=0.14)); this remained when only phase III studies were meta-analysed: mean difference −0.02 (−0.21 to 0.16, p=0.80). Cannabinoids had a higher risk of adverse events when compared with placebo, especially somnolence (OR 2.69 (1.54 to 4.71), p<0.001) and dizziness (OR 1.58 (0.99 to 2.51), p=0.05). No treatment-related deaths were reported. Dropouts and mortality rates were high.ConclusionsStudies with a low risk of bias showed that for adults with advanced cancer, the addition of cannabinoids to opioids did not reduce cancer pain.Trial registration numberCRD42018107662.
Longitudinal metabolic and gut bacterial profiling of pregnant women with previous bariatric surgery
Authors: West Kiana Ashley , Kanu Chidimma , Maric Tanya , McDonald Julie Anne Kathryn , Nicholson Jeremy K , Li Jia V , Johnson Mark R , Holmes Elaine , Savvidou Makrina D 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveDue to the global increase in obesity rates and success of bariatric surgery in weight reduction, an increasing number of women now present pregnant with a previous bariatric procedure. This study investigates the extent of bariatric-associated metabolic and gut microbial alterations during pregnancy and their impact on fetal development.DesignA parallel metabonomic (molecular phenotyping based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and gut bacterial (16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing) profiling approach was used to determine maternal longitudinal phenotypes associated with malabsorptive/mixed (n=25) or restrictive (n=16) procedures, compared with women with similar early pregnancy body mass index but without bariatric surgery (n=70). Metabolic profiles of offspring at birth were also analysed.ResultsPrevious malabsorptive, but not restrictive, procedures induced significant changes in maternal metabolic pathways involving branched-chain and aromatic amino acids with decreased circulation of leucine, isoleucine and isobutyrate, increased excretion of microbial-associated metabolites of protein putrefaction (phenylacetlyglutamine,p-cresol sulfate, indoxyl sulfate andp-hydroxyphenylacetate), and a shift in the gut microbiota. The urinary concentration of phenylacetylglutamine was significantly elevated in malabsorptive patients relative to controls (p=0.001) and was also elevated in urine of neonates born from these mothers (p=0.021). Furthermore, the maternal metabolic changes induced by malabsorptive surgery were associated with reduced maternal insulin resistance and fetal/birth weight.ConclusionMetabolism is altered in pregnant women with a previous malabsorptive bariatric surgery. These alterations may be beneficial for maternal outcomes, but the effect of elevated levels of phenolic and indolic compounds on fetal and infant health should be investigated further.