bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amylin and pramlintide modulate γ-secretase level and APP processing in lipid rafts
Authors: Mousa Youssef M. , Abdallah Ihab M. , Hwang Misako , Martin Douglas R. , Kaddoumi Amal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA major characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the accumulation of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Several studies linked AD with type 2 diabetes due to similarities between Aβ and human amylin. This study investigates the effect of amylin and pramlintide on Aβ pathogenesis and the predisposing molecular mechanism(s) behind the observed effects in TgSwDI mouse, a cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and AD model. Our findings showed that thirty days of intraperitoneal injection with amylin or pramlintide increased Aβ burden in mice brains. Mechanistic studies revealed both peptides altered the amyloidogenic pathway and increased Aβ production by modulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) and γ-secretase levels in lipid rafts. In addition, both peptides increased levels of B4GALNT1 enzyme and GM1 ganglioside, and only pramlintide increased the level of GM2 ganglioside. Increased levels of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides play an important role in regulating amyloidogenic pathway proteins in lipid rafts. Increased brain Aβ burden by amylin and pramlintide was associated with synaptic loss, apoptosis, and microglia activation. In conclusion, our findings showed amylin or pramlintide increase Aβ levels and related pathology in TgSwDI mice brains, and suggest that increased amylin levels or the therapeutic use of pramlintide could increase the risk of AD.
Acceleration of somatic cell reprogramming into the induced pluripotent stem cell using a mycosporine-like amino acid, Porphyra 334
Authors: Yoo Junsang , Kim Junyeop , Lee Jeong Hun , Kim Hyein , Jang Sung Joo , Seo Hyo Hyun , Oh Seung Taek , Hyeon Seung Jae , Ryu Hoon , Kim Jongpil , Moh Sang Hyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPorphyra 334 (P334), a mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), is a secondary metabolite found in diverse marine and terrestrial organisms and has several beneficial effects on fibroblast proliferation, wound healing, and antioxidant activity. Here, we report that P334 accelerates the cell reprogramming process of mouse tail-tip fibroblasts (TTFs) and human dermal papilla (HDP) cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We found that P334 significantly improved the cell reprogramming efficiency by activating the tri-methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3), which controls mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) during the reprogramming process. Thus, we found that P334 directly regulates epigenetic changes, providing an efficient approach for natural compound-based cell reprogramming.
Distribution and genetic diversity of adeno-associated viruses in bats from coastal areas of Southeast China
Authors: Zhu Changqiang , Wang Chunhui , Wu Jiahong , Ye Fuqiang , Lv Ruichen , Hu Dan , Ai Lele , Yang Lu , Wu Ting , Li Bo , Ding Chenxi , Zhang Bin , Lv Heng , Wang Changjun , Tan Weilong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBats are associated with several important zoonotic viruses from different families. One example includes adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), that are extensively detected in several animals, especially primates. To understand AAVs distribution and genetic diversity in the coastal areas of Southeast China, a total of 415 intestine samples were mostly collected from two provinces of southeast China, i.e., Zhejiang and Fujian province. Intestine samples from five bat species were collected for AAVs detection. The average prevalence rate for AAV detection among these samples was 18.6% (77 positives out of 415 samples) and ranged from 11.8 to 28.9% between the five bat species. This suggests that AAVs are widely distributed in diverse bat populations in southeast coastal areas of China. Based on the genome sequence of bat adeno-associated virus-CXC1(BtAAV-CXC1) from one AAV-positive sample, the genetic diversity of the detected AAVs were assessed and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BtAAV-CXC1 was comparatively distant to other major AAVs from mammals and non-mammals, with only a 52.9~64.7% nucleotide identity. However, they were phylogenetically closer toRhinolophus sinicusbat adeno-associated virus (Rs-BtAAV1), with a 74.5% nt similarity. Partial analysis of the rep and cap overlapping open reading frame (ORF) sequences from bat AAV samples revealed 48 partial rep sequences and 23 partial cap sequences from positive samples shared 86.9 to 100% and 72.3 to 98.8% nucleotide identities among themselves, respectively. This suggests that the detected AAVs had a distinctly high genetic diversity. These findings led us to conclude that diverse AAVs may be widely distributed in bat populations from the southeast regions of China.
An Efficient Stevia rebaudiana Transformation System and In vitro Enzyme Assays Reveal Novel Insights into UGT76G1 Function
Authors: Wu Qian , La Hovary Christophe , Chen Han-Yi , Li Xu , Eng Hayde , Vallejo Veronica , Qu Rongda , Dewey Ralph E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is one of a very few plant species that produce zero calorie, sweet compounds known as steviol glycosides (SG). SGs differ in their sweetness and organoleptic properties depending on the number and positioning of sugar groups on the core steviol backbone. There is great interest of modulating the SG profiles of the Stevia plant to enhance the flavor profile for a given application in the food and beverage industries. Here, we report a highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation system using axillary shoots as the initial explant. Using this system, we generated over 200 transgenic Stevia plants overexpressing a specific isoform of UGT76G1. By comparing the SG profiles among independent transgenic events, we demonstrated that altering UGT76G1 expression can change the ratios of specific SG species. Furthermore, using recombinant proteins produced in E. coli, we show that two closely related UGT76G1 isoforms differ in their substrate specificities, providing new insights into mechanisms underlying the diversity of SG profiles that are observed across Stevia germplasm. Finally, we found evidence suggesting that alternative and/or aberrant splicing may serve to influence the ability of the plant to produce functional UGT76G1 transcripts, and possibly produce enzyme variants within the plant.
A white-to-opaque-like phenotypic switch in the yeast Torulaspora microellipsoides
Authors: Brimacombe Cedric A. , Sierocinski Thomas , Dahabieh Matthew S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTorulaspora microellipsoides is an under-characterized budding yeast of the Saccharomycetaceae family that is primarily associated with viticulture. Here we report for the first time to our knowledge that T. microellipsoides undergoes a low-frequency morphological switch from small budding haploid (white) yeast to larger, higher ploidy (opaque) yeast. Comparison of transcriptomes by mRNA-seq revealed 511 differentially regulated genes, with white cells having greater expression of genes involved in stress resistance and complex carbohydrate utilization, and opaque cells up-regulating genes involved in ribosome biogenesis. Growth assays showed that white cells are physiologically more resistant to stationary-phase conditions and oxidative stress, whereas opaque cells exhibited greater cold tolerance. We propose that phenotypic switching in T. microellipsoides is an ecological adaptation, as has been suggested for similar morphological switching in distantly related species like Candida albicans, and we propose that this switching is a more broadly utilized biological strategy among yeasts than previously thought.
New insight into the molecular mechanism of colour differentiation among floral segments in orchids
Authors: Li Bai-Jun , Zheng Bao-Qiang , Wang Jie-Yu , Tsai Wen-Chieh , Lu Hsiang-Chia , Zou Long-Hai , Wan Xiao , Zhang Di-Yang , Qiao Hong-Juan , Liu Zhong-Jian , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn unbalanced pigment distribution among the sepal and petal segments results in various colour patterns of orchid flowers. Here, we explored this type of mechanism of colour pattern formation in flowers of the Cattleya hybrid ‘KOVA’. Our study showed that pigment accumulation displayed obvious spatiotemporal specificity in the flowers and was likely regulated by three R2R3-MYB transcription factors. Before flowering, RcPAP1 was specifically expressed in the epichile to activate the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, which caused substantial cyanin accumulation and resulted in a purple-red colour. After flowering, the expression of RcPAP2 resulted in a low level of cyanin accumulation in the perianths and a pale pink colour, whereas RcPCP1 was expressed only in the hypochile, where it promoted α-carotene and lutein accumulation and resulted in a yellow colour. Additionally, we propose that the spatiotemporal expression of different combinations of AP3- and AGL6-like genes might participate in KOVA flower colour pattern formation.
2-phenylethynesulfonamide inhibits growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by blocking the function of heat shock protein 70
Authors: Jiang Liang , Xiao Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy in the oral cavity, which accounts for &gt;90% of all diagnosed oral cancers. 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) was known as a selective heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) function inhibitor, which induced cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell types, but showed to be less toxic to normal cells. However, no associated evaluation of PES on OSCC was found. In the present study, the proliferation of OSCC cells treated with PES was analyzed using a CCK-8 assay. The effects of PES on the cell cycle and apoptosis of OSCC cells were determined by flow cytometric analyses. Expression of associated protein was determined by Western blot analysis. The results of the present study showed that PES inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cell lines in vivo and in vitro. PES induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle of OSCC cells. PES inhibited the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 (c-IAP1), phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). Additionally, knockdown of Hsp70 enhanced the effects of PES. By contrast, overexpression of Hsp70 attenuated the inhibitory effects of PES on cell viability. PES disrupted the interaction between Hsp70 and XIAP. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PES suppresses the growth of OSCC cells through Hsp70-dependent mechanism.
3D printed waveguide step‐twist with bandpass filtering functionality
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Fan , Gao Yang , Xu Jun , Guo Cheng , Shang Xiaobang 
Published: February 2020

A novel waveguide step‐twist integrated with a bandpass filter is presented in this Letter. The twist is composed of four equally rotated cavities to achieve polarisation rotation and filtering functionalities simultaneously. Such step‐twist can achieve a significant reduction in size and weight. The design is demonstrated at Ka‐band using waveguide technology and is fabricated using a stereolithography apparatus 3D printing together with metal plating. The device is designed to have a centre frequency of 32 GHz and a bandwidth of 1 GHz. The measured result shows good agreement with simulations, with a measured average insertion loss of 0.84 dB and a return loss better than 15 dB across the passband.
Method based on parallel‐wire conductivity probe for measuring water hold‐up in near‐horizontal oil–water two‐phase flow pipes
Authors: Zhou Yiyu , Jin Ningde , Zhang Hongxin , Zhai Lusheng 
Published: February 2020

On the basis of a quick‐closing valve technology, parallel‐wire conductivity probes were designed to measure water hold‐up of oil–water two‐phase flow in near‐horizontal pipe. First, the electric‐field distribution characteristics of the parallel‐wire conductivity probe and its response to the change of the water layer height were calculated by using finite‐element method. Then, for the oil–water stratified distribution in the near‐horizontal pipe with a 5° inclined angle, 20 mm inner diameter, and 1050 mm length, a measurement model for water hold‐up was established. After that, a static experiment was carried out to investigate the accuracy of water‐hold‐up measurement. The results show that errors occur when the set water hold‐up is with high values. The measurement errors were analysed based on curved oil–water interface predicted by Young–Laplace equation model, which are significantly related to the curvature of oil–water interface. It provides an effective experimental method for the measurement of water hold‐up in a near‐horizontal oil–water two‐phase flow pipes. On the basis of this, the dynamic experiment of oil–water two‐phase flow was carried out, and the slippage of oil–water two‐phase flow was preliminarily revealed.
Effects of neighbouring planets on the formation of resonant dust rings in the inner Solar System
Authors: Sommer M. , Yano H. , Srama R. 
Published: February 2020

Context. Findings by the Helios and STEREO mission have indicated the presence of a resonant circumsolar ring of dust associated with Venus. Attempts to model this phenomenon as an analogue to the resonant ring of Earth – as a result of migrating dust trapped in external mean-motion resonances (MMRs) – have so far been unable to reproduce the observed dust feature. Other theories of origin have recently been put forward. However, the reason for the low trapping efficiency of Venus’s external MMRs remains unclear.
Aims. Here we look into the nature of the dust trapping resonant phenomena that arise from the multi-planet configuration of the inner Solar System, aiming to add to the existent understanding of resonant dust rings in single planet systems.
Methods. We numerically modelled resonant dust features associated with the inner planets and specifically looked into the dependency of these structures and the trapping efficiency of particular resonances on the configuration of planets.
Results. Besides Mercury showing no resonant interaction with the migrating dust cloud, we find Venus, Earth, and Mars to considerably interfere with each other’s resonances, influencing their ability to form circumsolar rings. We find that the single most important reason for the weakness of Venus’s external MMR ring is the perturbing influence of its outer neighbour – Earth. In addition, we find Mercury and Mars to produce crescent-shaped density features, caused by a directed apsidal precession occurring in particles traversing their orbital region.
Shape model and spin state of non-principal axis rotator (5247) Krylov
Authors: Lee H.-J. , Ďurech J. , Kim M.-J. , Moon H.-K. , Kim C.-H. , Choi Y.-J. , Galád A. , Pray D. , Marciniak A. , Kaplan M. , Erece O. , Duffard R. , Gajdoš Š. , Világi J. , Lehký M. 
Published: February 2020

Context.The study of non-principal axis (NPA) rotators can provide important clues to the evolution of the spin state of asteroids. However, very few studies to date have focused on NPA-rotating main belt asteroids (MBAs). One MBA known to be in an excited rotation state is asteroid (5247) Krylov.Aims.By using disk-integrated photometric data, we construct a physical model of (5247) Krylov including shape and spin state.Methods.We applied the light curve convex inversion method employing optical light curves obtained by using ground-based telescopes in three apparitions during 2006, 2016, and 2017, along with infrared light curves obtained by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer satellite in 2010.Results.Asteroid (5247) Krylov is spinning in a short axis mode characterized by rotation and precession periods of 368.7 and 67.27 h, respectively. The angular momentum vector orientation of Krylov is found to beλL= 298° andβL= −58°. The ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the basic spin-state energyE∕E0≃ 1.02 shows that the (5247) Krylov is about 2% excited state compared to the principal axis rotation state. The shape of (5247) Krylov can be approximated by an elongated prolate ellipsoid with a ratio of moments of inertia ofIa:Ib:Ic= 0.36 : 0.96 : 1. This is the first physical model of an NPA rotator among MBAs. The physical processes that led to the current NPA rotation cannot be unambiguously reconstructed.
Der richtige Einsatz der MRT bei Kopfschmerzpatienten
Authors: Jansen Olav , Görike Holger , Peters Sönke 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerzen sind weit verbreitet. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit soll sowohl einen Überblick über mögliche Kopfschmerzursachen liefern als auch seltene bildgebende Befunde bei Patienten mit Kopfschmerzen demonstrieren. Insbesondere soll der Artikel jedoch dafür sensibilisieren, in Abhängigkeit von der Patientenanamnese gezielt nach speziellen Kopfschmerzursachen zu fahnden und dafür angepasste Untersuchungsprotokolle zu benutzen.
Die verschiedenen Belastungsformen − Fahrrad, Laufband, Adenosin, Regadenoson und Dobutamin. Vor- und Nachteile?
Authors: Gatterer Constantin , Graf Senta 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der folgenden Übersicht sollen die verschiedenen Belastungsformen sowie deren Indikationen und Kontraindikation beschrieben werden. Zur Beurteilung, ob eine hämodynamisch wirksame koronare Herzkrankheit vorliegt bzw. ob eine Koronargefäßstenose hämodynamisch auch signifikant ist, dient die Myokardszintigrafie unter Belastung, welche dann der Ruheuntersuchung gegenübergestellt wird. Die Untersuchung ist allerdings nur dann auch aussagekräftig, wenn eine entsprechende Belastung der Applikation des Radiopharmakons vorausgegangen ist. Dies setzt voraus, dass die Belastung – ergometrisch oder pharmakologisch – adäquat durchgeführt wurde. Es muss der Blutfluss unter physiologischen Bedingungen bei Belastung auf das 3 – bis 4-Fache ansteigen. Dies ist das Ziel der Belastung, deren unterschiedliche Formen in der Folge beschrieben werden 1.
Assessment of the scientific evidence of the potential use of açaí (Euterpe oleracea, Mart.) in clinical outcomes: analysis with focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action
Authors: Figueiredo A M , Biernet I RC 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea, Mart.), fruit native to the Amazon region and explored mainly in the region of Pará, gained importance in recent years due to potential health benefits, associated with its phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity, related to its high content of flavonoids. Among these, anthocyanins are responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of this fruit. Experimental studies show that due to its composition, the acai berry has antioxidant activity related to its ability to reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its potential to inhibit cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Another benefit studied is the analysis of their effectiveness in the anti-inflammatory process, being observed inhibition of araquedônico acid-derived mediators, suggesting that the fruit can act in the chronic inflammatory process. Also it was possible to observe that the fruit may have anti-inflammatory effects in healthy patients. Thus, the supplementation of diets with use of acai berry could attenuate inflammation process and oxidative stress, today with more consistent evidence derived primarily from in vitro studies. However, there is still need for further studies to prove the action of this fruit in the mechanisms involved in these processes, isolation of specific compounds and determining their optimal dosage.
Can native-speaker corpora help explain L2 acquisition of tense and aspect?
Authors: Tracy-Ventura Nicole , Cuesta Medina Jhon A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the distributional patterns of verb form frequencies in the Spanish past tense (the Preterit and the
Imperfect) in the Corpus del Español (Davies, 2002). Following
a usage-based approach, we examine the potential influence of input frequency as a driving factor in L2 learning. Results
provide support for the existence of a distributional bias in L1 Spanish, with several telic predicates more often occurring
in the Preterit and several atelic predicates in the Imperfect. Results also demonstrate that the distribution of verbs in the
Preterit and the Imperfect is Zipfian, with the most frequent verbs overall accounting for the majority of all the tokens.
Finally, an analysis of the different meanings of the Imperfect demonstrates clear differences in frequency of use with the
continuous meaning as the most frequently expressed meaning, followed by habituality and progressivity. Implications for
research and teaching are discussed.
Russian spoken discourse
Authors: Kibrik Andrej A. , Korotaev Nikolay A. , Podlesskaya Vera I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We previously developed an approach to spoken Russian monologic
discourse, and are now extending that, looking primarily at interactional multi-party
discourse, contextualizing speech phenomena as multichannel (multimodal) communication. The
evidence analyzed is the Russian Pear Chats and Stories corpus, see <multidiscourse.ru>. Scores
transcripts are introduced to annotate the interlocutors’ shared time line, including
periods of silence. The elementary discourse unit (EDU) is posited as a central building
block of local discourse structure. Canonical EDUs coincide with clauses; additionally,
subclausal, superclausal, and paraclausal EDUs are found. Prosodic phenomena are considered;
EDUs and groups of EDUs are accounted through a discourse-semantic category of phase.
Disfluencies and other structural phenomena are systematically treated. Conventions of
discourse transcription capture both prosodic and functional aspects of discourse.
Prosody and the organization of information in Central Pomo, a California indigenous
language
Authors: Mithun Marianne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In some theoretical frameworks, it is assumed that prosodic
structure is a direct reflection of syntactic structure. Close examination of unscripted
speech confirms that though the two often work in concert, they are distinct. Prosodic
structure differs from grammatical structure in some fundamental ways. Prosody (pitch,
intensity, rhythm) involves continua and can be more responsive to certain subtle
differences in cognitive state, discourse context, and interactive goals. Grammar
(morphology and syntax) can mark more distinctions, but these are categorical and
conventionalized: an affix is either present or absent; one constituent either precedes or
follows another. Here some prosodic structures, their functions, and their relation to
grammatical structures are discussed with examples from Central Pomo, a language indigenous
to Northern California.
The pragmatic analysis of speech and its illocutionary classification according to the
Language into Act Theory
Authors: Cresti Emanuela 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
According to the Language into Act Theory, reference units in
speech have a pragmatic nature: they correspond to the activation of sensory-motor schemas
leading to the performance of different speech acts. Our background is the affective and
psychic motivations of the Human Birth Theory (Fagioli, 1971), compatible
with recent theories of Embodied Cognition. Identification and
classification of speech acts rest on corpus-based research. Speech activity is encoded by
prosody, that conveys utterance boundaries, illocutionary force and
information structure. The utterance nucleus is the
Comment, responsible for illocutionary force. We illustrate the
methodology for the induction of illocutions from corpora and detail pragmatic and prosodic
features which allow classifying illocutionary types. A case study is presented for four
original illocutions (self-conclusion, assertion taken for granted, ascertainment,
evidentiality assertion).