bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially sensitive harvest design can minimize genetic relatedness and enhance genetic outcomes in translocation programmes
Authors: Pacioni C. , Atkinson A. , Wayne A. F. , Maxwell M. A. , Ward C. G. , Spencer P. B. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe design used to source animals for translocation and captive breeding programmes can strongly influence sampling results and outcomes. To date, no trapping design has been specifically directed at maximizing genetic diversity of individuals for use in such programmes. Using genetic and demographic data, we investigated the spatial structure of critically endangered woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) populations for developing a spatial trapping design that would return a genetically representative cohort of animals by taking advantage of the dispersal behaviour of the species. Using microsatellite markers, we tested our design against more conventional trapping approaches and determined that animals captured under our spatial design were less related than animals captured using grid or standard transect designs. We clearly show that incorporating the target species’ ecology (e.g. dispersal patterns) in the capture design will improve the genetic differences (through reduced relatedness) between harvested individuals. This study sets out a practical approach that can significantly improve potential conservation outcomes. This approach is applicable to all species that have a predictable dispersal pattern.
Mixing particles from various HCV genotypes increases the HBV‐HCV vaccine ability to elicit broadly cross‐neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Beaumont Elodie , Joël Clément Benoit , Guérin Vanessa , Chopin Lucie , Roch Emmanuelle , Gomez‐Escobar Elsa , Roingeard Philippe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of a safe, effective and affordable prophylactic vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a medical priority. Hepatitis B‐C subviral envelope particles, which could be produced by industrial procedures adapted from those established for the hepatitis B virus vaccine, appear promising for use for this purpose. The prototype HBV‐HCV bivalent vaccine‐bearing genotype 1a HCV envelopes can induce neutralizing antibodies against this genotype, but is less effective against other genotypes. We show here, in a small animal model, that the use of a set of vaccine particles harbouring envelopes from different HCV genotypes in various association strategies can induce broad neutralizing protection or an optimized protection against a particular genotype prevalent in a given region, such as genotype 4 in Egypt. This vaccine could help to control the hepatitis C epidemic worldwide.
Genetic variants in the MTHFR are not associated with fatty liver disease
Authors: De Vincentis Antonio , Mancina Rosellina Margherita , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Männistö Ville , Petta Salvatore , Dongiovanni Paola , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Valenti Luca , Tavaglione Federica , Romeo Stefano , Vespasiani‐Gentilucci Umberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe common missense sequence variants of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), rs1801131 (c.A1298C) and rs1801133 (c.C677T), favour the development of hyperhomocysteinemia and diminished DNA methylation. Previous studies, carried out in small series and with suboptimal characterization of the hepatic phenotype, tested the association of these genetic variants with fatty liver disease (FLD), with conflicting results. Here, we assessed the association of rs1801131 and rs1801133 with hepatic phenotype in the Liver Biopsy Cross‐Sectional Cohort, a large cohort (n=1375 from Italy and 411 from Finland) of European individuals with suspect FLD associated with dysmetabolism. A total of 1786 subjects were analysed by ordinal regression analyses. The rs1801131 and the rs1801133 variants were not associated with steatosis, inflammation, ballooning or fibrosis. The present study suggests that changes in folate and methionine metabolism resulting from these 2 variants are not associated with a clinically significant impact on FLD in Europeans.
Invisible Populations and the #MeToo Movement
Authors: Johnson Richard Greggory , Renderos Hugo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe #MeToo movement has done a great deal to address sexual abuse and violence. There is no doubt that justice may occur when the right person speaks out. However, what happens when the wrong people—that is, people of color, the working class women, and transgender people— speak out on the same issue? When these “wrong people” do speak out, they are discredited, marginalized, and silenced by being ignored. This Viewpoint essay addresses two populations that have been overlooked by the #MeToo movement: women of color and transgender people. The essay concludes with recommendations for how the movement can move forward given the criticisms around the absence of diversity and transparency.
Responding to COVID‐19 through Surveys of Public Servants
Authors: Schuster Christian , Weitzman Lauren , Sass Mikkelsen Kim , Meyer‐Sahling Jan , Bersch Katherine , Fukuyama Francis , Paskov Patricia , Rogger Daniel , Mistree Dinsha , Kay Kerenssa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResponding to COVID‐19 presents unprecedented challenges for public sector practitioners. Addressing those challenges requires knowledge about the problems that public sector workers face. This Viewpoint essay argues that timely, up‐to‐date surveys of public sector workers are essential tools for identifying problems, resolving bottlenecks, and enabling public sector workers to operate effectively during and in response to the challenges posed by the pandemic. This essay presents the COVID‐19 Survey of Public Servants, which is currently being rolled out in several countries by the Global Survey of Public Servants Consortium to assist governments in strategically compiling evidence to operate effectively during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Periodic problem for the nonlinear damped wave equation with convective nonlinearity
Authors: Carreño‐Bolaños Rafael , Juarez‐Campos Beatriz , Naumkin Pavel I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the nonlinear damped wave equation with a linear pumping and a convective nonlinearity. We consider the solutions, which satisfy the periodic boundary conditions. Our aim is to prove global existence of solutions to the periodic problem for the nonlinear damped wave equation by applying the energy‐type estimates and estimates for the Green operator. Moreover, we study the asymptotic profile of global solutions.
Spurious, marked leukocytosis in 2 cats with Heinz body hemolytic anemia
Authors: Johnson Courtney E. , Seelig Davis M. , Moore Frances M. , Ruska Tammy J. , Heinrich Daniel A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo domestic shorthair cats were presented with anorexia and dehydration following ingestion of caramelized onions. Shared key findings from a CBC (ADVIA 2120), serum biochemistry, and urinalysis included a spurious, marked leukocytosis with discordant basophil (BASO) channel and peroxidase channel WBC counts, normal manual leukocyte counts, mild, non‐regenerative anemia with discrepancies between automated and manual reticulocyte counts, an abundance of large Heinz bodies (HBs), and highly irregular scattergrams. Case 1 also demonstrated a markedly elevated mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and discrepancies between RBC hemoglobin indices. Spurious leukocyte results were confirmed through re‐analysis of samples (including the acquisition of a new sample, use of an alternate analyzer (Sysmex XT‐2000iV; Case 1 only), and evaluation of scattergrams and blood films (Cases 1 and 2). Repeatedly discrepant reticulocyte counts were also identified. In both cases, the erroneous BASO WBC counts, discrepancies in reticulocyte counts and RBC indices, and atypical scattergrams were interpreted to result from various effects of the HBs. These cases emphasize the importance of reviewing blood films, interpreting scattergrams, and the usefulness of duplicate methods for determining various measurands on hematology analyzers.
ModellingChloris virgatagermination and emergence under different temperature and light quality conditions
Authors: Rodriguez Sebastián , Kruk Betina Claudia , Satorre Emilio Horacio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChloris virgatais a problematic weed around the world. Prediction of weed germination rates could be a useful strategy to optimise timing of weed control actions. We studied the germination and emergence ofC. virgatacollected seeds under different after‐ripening treatments and different exhumation dates after seed dispersal, to estimate seed dormancy level and predict weed emergence dynamics under field conditions. Three experiments were conducted under controlled conditions to determine base, optimum and maximum germination temperatures (Tb,ToandTmrespectively) and comprised: (a) exposure of seeds to gradually increasing and decreasing temperatures between 5 and 35°C; (b) exposure of seeds to different constant temperatures; and (c) exposure of seeds to different light quality conditions (red – far red ratio) and temperature regimes (constant and alternating temperatures). To explore genuine environmental conditions, a field experiment was performed to determine weed emergence under different shading levels. Finally, with the data obtained, a thermal time model for dormancy release was used to predictC. virgataseedling emergence in the Argentine Pampas region. Seeds after‐ripened in cold and wet conditions and constant 25°C showed the highest germination percentages. The values ofTb(7°C),To(28°C) andTm(40°C) remained constant at all exhumation dates. Neither light quality nor thermal regime modified the final germination percentages. However, shading delayed seedling emergence under field conditions, even when it was adjusted by thermal time. These results may allow predictingC. virgataemergence in temperate regions and help to improve weed control in integrated weed management strategies.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies for Improving the Performance of a Modified Shape Savonius Wind Turbine
Authors: El-Askary W. A. , Saad Ahmed S. , AbdelSalam Ali M. , Sakr I. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, measurements and computations are performed to study the performance of a 45-deg twisted Savonius rotor with a modified profile, at various overlap ratios (δ), aspect ratios (AR), and wind velocity (V). A free air jet test rig is used to carry out the experiments, while three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations are used, in conjunction with the renormalization group (RNG) k–ɛ turbulence model, to perform the computations. The present experimental results successfully verify the simulation predictions obtained by the selected turbulence model. The RNG k–ɛ turbulence model has been chosen based on previous tests performed and published by the authors. Furthermore, both torque coefficient (CT) and power coefficient (CP) are numerically predicted at various tip speed ratios (λ) for overlap ratios (δ) ranging from 0.0 to 0.5, aspect ratios (AR) ranging from 0.75 to 3, and wind velocity values ranging from 4 to 18 m/s. Unlike the conventional rotor, the present twisted rotor with a modified profile produces significant performance improvement in the case of modified rotor without overlapping (δ = 0.0). Moreover, the peaks of CT and CP of the twisted rotor with the modified profile are enhanced with the increase in the aspect ratio. However, the percentage increase is noticed to be insignificant for AR greater than two. The maximum power coefficient (CPmax) for the twisted rotor with the modified profile and optimized design is 0.305 at a wind velocity of 6 m/s, with a performance gain of 75.3% compared to the conventional Savonius wind rotor which has CPmax=0.174.
Analytical Transport Network Theory for Onsager, Coupled Flows: Part 2—Network-Scale Modeling of Linear, Electrokinetic Flow
Authors: Cocco Alex P. , Grew Kyle N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The analytical transport network (ATN) model was developed to study transport through heterogeneous and hierarchical microstructural networks. Here, ATN is extended to electrokinetic flow, a linear, coupled flow that satisfies Onsager’s reciprocity relations. In Part 1, a channel-scale model was developed to describe electrokinetic flow through a channel of arbitrary morphology. In Part 2, we exploit the computational economy of the channel-scale model to develop an efficient network-scale model of electrokinetic flow in large, geometrically complex material structures. The corresponding algorithm for applying the theory to voxel-based, three-dimensional (3D) images is automated and computationally efficient. In addition, it provides a means for rapidly obtaining a structure’s tortuosity factor from a 3D image. We outline the manner in which morphology and topology exerts an additional influence on electrokinetic flow relative to pure conduction and viscous fluid flow. The effort represents an important initial step in extending the ATN approach to a broader range of linear and eventually nonlinear coupled flow phenomena. The extension is relevant to a number of technological fields, including emerging energy conversion and storage technologies.
Examining Coaches’ Perspectives on the Use of Exercise as Punishment
Authors: Kerr Gretchen , Battaglia Anthony , Stirling Ashley , Bandealy Ahad 
Published: May 2020

The negative consequences associated with punishment, highlighted by researchers in the parenting and education domains, have stimulated a shift toward more developmentally appropriate methods of behavior modification. Despite the reported negative outcomes linked with punishment use, preliminary research in sport indicates that punishment, specifically in the form of exercise, remains a common strategy in this domain. The purpose of this study therefore was to explore interuniversity coaches’ perspectives on the use of exercise as punishment. Semistructured interviews with eight interuniversity coaches (four males and four females) were conducted. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Participant accounts revealed that exercise as punishment was implemented frequently in a variety of forms (e.g., push-ups and sprints). Perceived benefits for the use of exercise as punishment, such as performance motivation and team cohesion, as well as suggested alternative methods of behavioral modification were also reported. Findings are interpreted in accordance with punishment, shaming, and coach education research. Recommendations for future research and practice are suggested.
Physical Activity Coparticipation Among Parent–Young-Child Dyads
Authors: Dlugonski Deirdre , DuBose Katrina D. , Habeeb Christine M. , Rider Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study examined patterns of physical activity coparticipation among parent–child (2–5 y) dyads. Method: The dyads (N = 47; 51% mother–child) each wore a Bluetooth-enabled accelerometer for 8 days to measure physical activity and physical activity coparticipation. The parents completed demographic and self-reported family physical activity questionnaires. Results: The parent–child dyads spent 145 (79) minutes per day in-proximity according to the Bluetooth-enabled accelerometers. The majority (90%) of parent–child in-proximity time was spent with the parent and child engaged in some combination of sedentary or light activities. Child light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity was not associated with parent light (P = .12) or moderate to vigorous physical activity (P = .45), but was positively associated with parent–child in-proximity active minutes (light, moderate, and vigorous) (P < .01). Children in the highest tertile of parent–child physical activity coparticipation engaged in more daily moderate to vigorous physical activity compared with children in the lowest tertile (72.7 vs 50.3 min). There was a positive, statistically significant association between self-reported and objective measures of physical activity coparticipation (r = .47, P = .001). Conclusion: Children who engaged in the most physical activity with their parent had the highest moderate to vigorous physical activity. Future studies should continue to provide contextual information about how parents and children spend their time together to improve family-based physical activity interventions.
Dual but not single PD-1 or TIM-3 blockade enhances oncolytic virotherapy in refractory lung cancer
Authors: Sun Fan , Guo Zong Sheng , Gregory Alyssa D , Shapiro Steven D , Xiao Gutian , Qu Zhaoxia 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy fails in the majority of patients with cancer. Oncolytic viruses represent a new class of therapeutic agents, yet the therapeutic efficacy is still disappointing. Moreover, intratumoral injection of viruses is the main approach and preclinical studies mainly employ syngeneic or xenograft models.MethodsUse an endogenous mouse lung cancer model that faithfully recapitulates human lung cancer, and various in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro assays, to investigate the efficacy, mechanism of action and resistance of systemically administered oncolytic vaccinia virus (oVV), immunotherapy and their combination, to find an effective therapy for refractory lung cancer.ResultsResembling human lung cancers, the majority of which are largely resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and with decreased PD-L1 expression and T-cell activation by our analysis, urethane-induced endogenous lung tumors in mice show reduced PD-L1 expression, low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and innate resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Intravenous administration of oVV has efficacy and synergizes with simultaneous but not single blockade of PD-1 and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) in this cancer model. Besides direct tumor cell killing, oVV induces T-cell lung recruitment, tumor infiltration, along with expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells and PD-1 and TIM-3 ligands on tumor cells and tumor-associated immune cells. Blockade of PD-1 or TIM-3 also causes their mutual induction on T cells.ConclusionsWhile systemic administration of oVV shows efficacy in lung cancer by killing tumor cells directly and recruiting and activating T cells for indirect tumor killing, its induction of PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells and PD-1 and TIM-3 ligands on tumors and tumor-associated immune cells as well as mutual induction of PD-1 or TIM-3 on T cells by their blockade restricts the efficacy of oVV or its combination with single PD-1 or TIM-3 blockade. The triple combination therapy is more effective for refractory lung cancer, and possibly other cold cancers as well.
Triply-charmed hexaquark states with the QCD sum rules
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we construct the charmed-diquark–charmed-diquark–charmed-diquark-type current to study the axial vector triply-charmed hexaquark state with the QCD sum rules in details. In calculations, we take the energy scale formula [Formula: see text] to choose the pertinent energy scale of the QCD spectral density so as to enhance the pole contribution and improve the convergent behavior of the operator product expansion. If the spin-breaking effects are small for the triply-charmed hexaquark states, the ground state hexaquark states with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are estimated to have the masses about 5.8 GeV and narrow widths.
MORPHOLOGICAL, STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF Zn-DOPED CdS BUFFER LAYER ELABORATED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION
Authors: CHERIET H. , MOUALKIA H. , BARILLE R. , ZAABAT M. , MAHROUA O. , TRARI M. 
Published: May 2020

Zn-doped CdS layers, with various percentage ratios [Formula: see text] (= [Zn[Formula: see text]]/[Cd[Formula: see text]]%) were grown on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The effect of Zn-doping on different properties of CdS is studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and UV-visible diffuse reflectance. The XRD patterns indicated polycrystalline films with (111) orientation and the insertion of Zn does not change the crystallinity of CdS. The Raman spectra show one major peak centered around 300[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] assigned to the first-order longitudinal optic (LO) phonon modes of CdS. The surface morphology visualized by AFM and SEM analysis showed the influence of the Zn-doping on the morphology of the films, the surface roughness is found to decrease from 16.5 to 8.9[Formula: see text]nm with augmenting the ratio [Formula: see text] from 0 to 6%. In regard to the SEM analysis, the increase of [Formula: see text] yielded a lower porosity of the film and voids, and the films become more homogeneous. The EDAX spectra confirmed the existence of Zn in the doped samples. The bandgap decreases from 2.44 to 2.37[Formula: see text]eV, while the transmittance increases from 76 to 86% with augmenting the ratio [Formula: see text].
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS CELL PHONE RELATED ACTIVITIES ON GAIT KINEMATICS
Authors: Brennan Alexandra C. , Breloff Scott P. 
Published: May 2020

Background: With cell phone use and ownership on the rise, daily circumstances often require individuals to divide attentional resources between walking and a cell phone-related task. This division of attention has been found to detrimentally effect task performance, making pedestrian cell phone usage an increasing safety concern. However, most studies have investigated the impact of dual-tasks on situational awareness and few have focused on tasks other than texting. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of various cell phone-related tasks on lower limb kinematics during walking.Methods: Fourteen healthy, college-aged subjects completed gait analysis trials in five walking conditions, one single-task walking condition and four dual task conditions: Walk+Converse, Walk+Read (Simple), Walk+Read (Difficult), and Walk+Text. Subjects’ movements were recorded with a motion capture system and peak sagittal plane lower extremity joint angles, gait velocity, and stride length were calculated.Results: Of the eight kinematic outcome measures analyzed, all but one revealed some significant (p < 0.05) differences between dual-task walking conditions. Gait velocity and stride length both decreased due to the addition of the dual tasking, with the magnitude of the reduction becoming more apparent with the increased difficulty of the cell phone-based task.Conclusion: This study supports a fundamental change to gait kinematics in response to cell phone use while walking, with the magnitude of impact being directly related to the complexity of the secondary task. The significant changes to gait kinematics in complex dual-task situations could present a threat to balance.
Rios urbanos, águas baianas
Authors: Amorim Nayara Cristina Rosa 
Published: May 2020

O artigo evidencia o processo de canalização dos rios em Salvador, Bahia, discutindo como as recentes intervenções viárias em áreas de preservação permanente podem e devem contribuir para a melhoria das condições ambientais e sociais das áreas fluviais, o que não tem acontecido na capital baiana. O texto apresenta o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de uma metodologia de caracterização de rios após intervenções de macrodrenagem, evidenciando vulnerabilidades, riscos, demandas sociais e potencialidades de intervenção. Apresenta, ainda, como objeto de estudo, o rio Mocambo e a relação com seu entorno: um aterro controlado desativado e o bairro de Canabrava, um contexto de fragilidade ambiental e social. A metodologia tem como premissa sua aplicabilidade por associações de moradores, grupos sociais, ONGs, gestores e projetistas, podendo fomentar lutas e reivindicações por compensações socioambientaismpensações socioambientais.