bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiband metamaterial selective absorber for infrared stealth
Authors: Zou Jinglan , Zhang Jianfa , He Yuwen , Hong Qilin , Quan Cong , Zhu Zhihong 
Published: September 2020

Nanostructured selective absorbers have widespread applications ranging from artificial color to thermophotovoltaics and radiative cooling. In this paper, we propose a metamaterial selective absorber with a metal–insulator–metal structure for infrared stealth. It can realize multiband absorption, and one sharp peak is at 1.54 µm, which can be used to reduce the scattering signals in laser-guided missiles. The other two relatively broad absorption peaks are at 2.83 µm and 6.11 µm, which can match the atmospheric absorption band. It can reduce up to 90 % of the detected infrared signals while maintaining a relatively high level of thermal emission capability. The dependence of the spectral characteristics on the incident angle is studied. The infrared signatures of the structure could be suppressed across a wide temperature range.
Territórios camponeses no município de Paranã (TO)
Authors: Quirino Tavares Silvaldo , Oliveira Bispo Marcileia 
Published: September 2020

Os camponeses, ao produzirem na terra, estabelecem um conjunto de relações sociais que apresentam características próprias. Neste sentido a formação socioespacial de uma comunidade camponesa envolve uma série de relações que ocorrem ao longo do tempo, cujas práticas camponesas se consolidam e produzem novos arranjos. Isso ocorre por meio da consolidação do modo de vida intrínseco à classe em lugares onde formam territórios por meio da conquista e resistência. Desse modo, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi analisar o processo de formação territorial, as práticas produtivas e os elementos socioespaciais de resistência da Comunidade Angical em Paranã-To, frente às adversidades presentes na comunidade, por meio da análise de documentos, trabalho de campo, uso de entrevista semiestruturada e relatos orais. Observou-se que a existência e resistência do campesinato em Paranã-To se efetiva muito mais pelo protagonismo dos camponeses diante da necessidade de acesso e permanência na terra, que pelas possibilidades de reprodução social que as relações presentes no campo garantem, como também que o processo de formação e a permanência da Comunidade Angical em Paranã-To, envolvem questões específicas de luta e resistência.
Report of the Canadian Expert Committee on the management of ADA deficiency
Authors: Brager Rae , Gill Parwinder , Haynes Alison , Hildebrand Kyla , Kim Vy H.D. , Issekutz Thomas B. , McCusker Christine , Murguia-Favela Luis , Reid Brenda , Rubin Tamar , Upton Julia , Roifman Chaim M. 
Published: August 2020

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is a form of severe combined immunodeficiency. Aberrant mutations in the ADA gene result in loss of ADA activity and the toxic accumulation of metabolites that damage both immune and non-immune organs. While patients with complete ADA deficiency present during infancy with failure to thrive, recurrent bacterial, viral and fungal infections, those with incomplete (partial) deficiency may present at a later age with milder symptoms associated with reduced T, B, and NK cell subpopulations. Based on experience in Canadian centres, we provide management guidelines for patients with ADA deficiency, including a treatment algorithm for use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, and enzyme replacement therapy. Statement of novelty: Herein, we define guidelines for the management and treatment of patients with ADA deficiency.
Muscular Activation Patterns During Exercise on the Treadmill, Stepper, and Elliptical Trainer
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Withers Adrian , Flanagan Kirsten , Burger Jana , Bosch Andrew , Lamberts Robert P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Eken, MM, Withers, A, Flanagan, K, Burger, J, Bosch, A, and Lamberts, RP. Muscular activation patterns during exercise on the treadmill, stepper, and elliptical trainer. J Strength Cond Res 36(7): 1847–1852, 2022—Because of the low-impact, the stepper and elliptical trainer are popular alternatives to running when runners sustain running-related injuries. Muscular effort is expected to be lower during exercise on the stepper and elliptical trainer compared with running. The aim of this study was to quantify this by comparing muscular effort when exercising at similar moderate-to-high exercise intensities on a treadmill, stepper, and elliptical trainer. Seventeen well-trained runners (V̇o
2max: 53.3 ml·min−1·kg−1 [male: n = 9], 44.8 ml·min−1·kg−1 [female: n = 8]; average peak treadmill running speed: 18.7 km·h−1 [male], 16.3 km·h−1 [female]) performed exercise at submaximal levels (60%-70%-80% of peak workload) on the treadmill, stepper, and elliptical trainer. Peak workload was determined during peak exercise tests on separate days. Surface electromyography was recorded from lower extremity muscles. Root-mean-squared (RMS) values were calculated and compared between exercise modalities and submaximal levels. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Root-mean-squared levels of lower extremity muscles were significantly reduced during exercise on the stepper and elliptical trainer compared with treadmill running (p < 0.05, except for quadriceps (p > 0.05). Overall, similar RMS levels were found on stepper and elliptical trainer (p > 0.05), whereas in several cases higher RMS levels were found on the stepper compared with elliptical trainer (p < 0.05). These findings support clinical expectations that exercise on the stepper and elliptical trainer reduces muscular effort up to 60% compared with (treadmill) running, and therefore can be effective training modalities during rehabilitation from running-related injuries by restricting impact on lower extremities.
Comparison of 2 Weekly Frequencies of Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Body Composition, and Metabolic Biomarkers in Resistance-Trained Older Women: Effects of Detraining and Retraining
Authors: Amarante do Nascimento Matheus , Nunes João Pedro , Pina Fábio L.C. , Ribeiro Alex S. , Carneiro Nelson H. , Venturini Danielle , Barbosa Décio S. , Mayhew Jerry L. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Amarante do Nascimento, M, Nunes, JPA, Pina, FLC, Ribeiro, AS, Carneiro, NH, Venturini, D, Barbosa, DS, Mayhew, JL, and Cyrino, ES. Comparison of 2 weekly frequencies of resistance training on muscular strength, body composition, and metabolic biomarkers in resistance-trained older women: Effects of detraining and retraining. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1437–1444, 2022—This study aimed to compare the effects of 2 weekly frequencies of resistance training (RT) on muscular strength, body composition, and metabolic biomarkers in previously resistance-trained older women after detraining and retraining. Forty subjects (>60 years) performed RT (8 exercises, 1 set of 10–15 repetitions maximum) 2 (G2x) or 3 (G3x) times per week over 12 weeks of training and retraining. After training, subjects were detrained for 12 weeks. After detraining, there were significant decreases (p < 0.05) in upper-body (∼12%) and lower-body (∼14%) muscular strength, fat-free mass (FFM) (∼2%), and testosterone (∼26%), whereas increases were revealed for fat mass (FM) (∼4%), relative body fat (∼3%), fasting glucose (∼8%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (∼21%), and triglycerides (∼24%), with no differences between groups (p > 0.05). Following retraining, there were significant increases (p < 0.05) for upper (∼7%) and lower (∼10%) muscular strength, FFM (∼2%), and testosterone (∼20%). In contrast, decreases were found for FM (∼7%), relative body fat (∼3%), fasting glucose (∼6%), LDL-C (∼14%), and triglycerides (∼21%), also with no differences between groups (p > 0.05). Gains after retraining were lower than after training (p < 0.05) only for upper- and lower-body muscular strength (∼6%) and testosterone (∼11%). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IGF-1, and C-reactive protein did not change at any point in the study for either group (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that older women can regain previous RT program benefits following detraining, regardless of the weekly training frequency. However, some fitness components may take longer to reestablish than the initial training level.
Myosin Heavy Chain Composition, Creatine Analogues, and the Relationship of Muscle Creatine Content and Fast-Twitch Proportion to Wilks Coefficient in Powerlifters
Authors: Machek Steven B. , Hwang Paul S. , Cardaci Thomas D. , Wilburn Dylan T. , Bagley James R. , Blake Daniel T. , Galpin Andrew J. , Willoughby Darryn S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Machek, SB, Hwang, PS, Cardaci, TD, Wilburn, DT, Bagley, JR, Blake, DT, Galpin, AJ, and Willoughby, DS. Myosin heavy chain composition, creatine analogues, and the relationship of muscle creatine content and fast-twitch proportion to Wilks coefficient in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3022–3030, 2020—Little data exist on powerlifting-specific skeletal muscle adaptations, and none elucidate sex differences in powerlifters. Powerlifters tend to display higher fast-twitch fiber content and phosphagen system dependence. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether fast-twitch fiber or muscle creatine content are predictive of competitive powerlifting performance (via Wilks coefficient). Twelve actively competing powerlifters (PL; n = 6M/6F; age = 21.3 ± 1.0; 3.0 ± 1.8 year competing; 7.3 ± 6.6 meets attended) and 10 sedentary controls (CON; n = 5M/5F; age = 19.4 ± 2.0 year) underwent vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and venipuncture to compare the myosin heavy chain (MHC) fiber type and creatine analogue profiles between groups of both sexes, and determine whether MHC IIa and muscle total creatine (MTC) composition predict powerlifting performance. Samples were analyzed for specific MHC isoform (I, IIa, and IIx) content via mixed homogenate SDS-PAGE, and creatine analogues (MTC, muscle creatine transporter [SLC6A8], serum total creatine [STC], and serum creatinine [CRT]). Furthermore, MHC IIa and MTC content were compared with Wilks coefficient using Pearson correlation coefficients. Male PL MHC content was 50 ± 6% I, 45 ± 6% IIa, and 5 ± 11% IIx, versus 46 ± 6% I, 53 ± 6 IIa, and 0% IIx in female PL. Conversely, male CON MHC content was 33 ± 5% I, 38 ± 7% IIa, and 30 ± 8% IIx, vs. 35 ± 9% I, 44 ± 8% IIa, and 21 ± 17% IIx in female CON. Muscle total creatine, SLC6A8, STC, and CRT did not significantly differ between groups nor sexes. Finally, neither MHC IIa content (r = −0.288; p = 0.364) nor MTC (r = 0.488; p = 0.108) significantly predicted Wilks coefficient, suggesting these characteristics alone do not determine powerlifting skill variation.
Training Considerations and Recommendations for Tactical Professionals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Johnson Abigail , Weeks Macy , Loewen Brandon , Byrd Megan , Ryan Greg A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that may develop in individuals after a traumatic event. Tactical professionals (e.g., military, police, and firefighters) are at an elevated risk for exposure to traumatic events and the onset of PTSD. Exercise and mindfulness training techniques have been shown to be beneficial for both the physical and mental health of the individual with PTSD. Knowing that tactical professionals have an increased risk of exposure to trauma and PTSD symptoms compared to general population, practitioners should understand how to properly train these individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide important considerations and training recommendations for tactical professionals suffering from PTSD.
Cognitive Status and Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Khrulev A. Е. , Tolbuzova D. D. , Plokhenko E. A. , Egorova P. A. , Sorokoumova S. N. , Suvorova O. V. , Yankevich D. S. 
Published: August 2020

The number of dialysis patients is increasing every year and is estimated to be more than 2 million, with an annual increase of 6–12% in dialysis programs. There is a high correlation between cognitive impairment and mortality in dialysis patients, which suggests the relevance of screening cognitive functions in dialysis patients using diﬀerent neuropsychological scales.Aim of the study was to test the cognitive status and identify cognitive impairment in patients with terminal stage of chronic kidney disease treated using program hemodialysis, as well as to evaluate risk factors for cognitive impairment in this category of patients.Material and methods. 83 patients aged 28 to 78 years (mean age 56.7±13.7 years) were examined. The main group included 53 people who received program hemodialysis, of them 23 men and 30 women. The mean age of patients in this group was 58.3±13.3 years. The control group composed of 30 individuals without kidney diseases, including 13 men and 17 women. The mean age in the control group was 53.6±14.9 years. The MoCA and SLUMS scales were chosen for detecting cognitive impairment and assessment of neuropsychological status. We used mathematical methods of research data processing such as inductive statistics and correlation analysis.Results. Cognitive impairment was found to be signiﬁcantly more frequent in dialysis patients (75.5–81.1% of cases, P=0.05) compared to those without kidney pathology. The SLUMS scale was shown to be more sensitive than MoCA (P=0.05, CI 95.0%). The risk factors of cognitive impairment in dialysis patients included increased dialysis duration, age (rs=–0.298) and low estimated urea dialysis adequacy index (Kt/V less than 1.2).Conclusion. A high risk of cognitive impairment is common in dialysis patients. For its timely detection, the screening neuropsychological test are recommended to be used by clinicians. Cognitive impairment, diagnosed by the tests, is an indication for a specialist consultation.
Effect of Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion on Electrochemical Parameters of Blood Plasma in Patients with Severe Combined Trauma
Authors: Goroncharovskaya I. V. , Evseev A. K. , Shabanov A. K. , Kulabukhov V. V. , Kuzovlev A. N. , Popugaev K. A. , Petrikov S. S. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: to study the dynamics of blood plasma electrochemical parameters in patients with severe combined trauma before and after fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions.Materials and methods. The open circuit potential (OCP) of platinum electrode and antioxidant activity of blood plasma were studied in 35 patients with severe combined trauma and 35 post-FFP samples with at least 6-month shelf life. The electrochemical parameters of patients’ blood plasma were analyzed before transfusion, and 1 hr. and 24 hrs. after transfusion.Results. OCP measured in FFP was found to be more positive vs. OCP measured in recipients' blood plasma in 34 out of 35 cases (97%). It has been shown that in patients with severe combined trauma, OCP increased from 5.047 [-7.553; 12.976] mV to 12.827 [-1.372; 24.764] mV and antioxidant activity decreased 24 hours after FFP transfusion from 16.979 [11.302; 20.946] µC to 13.551 [9.288; 18.405] µC. After FFP transfusion, there were no signiﬁcant changes in clinical blood parameters.Conclusion. By measuring electrochemical parameters of blood plasma in patients with severe combined trauma before and after FFP transfusions, it was discovered that in spite of absence of changes in blood parameters by routine methods, there are changes in the condition of the antioxidant system of the body, which manifest in the bias of patients’ blood plasma OCP towards higher positive values and decreased antioxidant activity. Redox imbalance in the body might cause the oxidative stress development.
Knowledge and the Sociology of Education
Authors: Young Michael 
Published: September 2020

This paper does not go into detail concerning the current debate around the idea of “powerful knowledge”, however, a brief account of the history and context of the sub-discipline as it has developed in England, is presented. For that purpose, some references to the important works of Basil Bernstein are explicated. It was he after all, following the critical reception of his early work on linguistic codes, who first argued that knowledge, or as it is sometimes expressed “the stuff” and not just “the who” of education, was crucial to any serious debate. Some hot points in the debate between Bernstein and Michael Young are presented. The suggestion is given that differently from Bernstein ideas to take into account „pedagogical code“ in the knowledge reproduction we have to begin with the distinction between memorisation of knowledge which is close to the idea of consumption, and developing a relationship to knowledge which has more affinity with becoming a member of a community.
Priorities and Outcomes for Youth-Adult Transitions in Hospital Care: Perspectives of Inpatient Clinical Leaders at US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Coller Ryan J. , Ahrens Sarah , Ehlenbach Mary L. , Shadman Kristin A. , Mathur Mala , Caldera Kristin , Chung Paul J. , LaRocque Andrew , Peto Heather , Binger Kole , Smith Windy , Sheehy Ann 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:Adults with chronic conditions originating in childhood experience ongoing hospitalizations; however, efforts to guide youth-adult transitions rarely address transitioning to adult-oriented inpatient care. Our objectives were to identify perceptions of clinical leaders on important and feasible inpatient transition activities and outcomes, including when, how, and for whom inpatient transition processes are needed.METHODS:Clinical leaders at US children’s hospitals were surveyed between January and July 2016. Questionnaires were used to assess 21 inpatient transition activities and 13 outcomes. Perceptions about feasible and important outcome measures and appropriate patients and settings for activities were summarized. Each transition activity was categorized into one of the Six Core Elements (policy, tracking, readiness, planning, transfer, or completion). Associations between perceived transition activity importance or feasibility, hospital characteristics, and transition activity performance were evaluated.RESULTS:In total, 96 of 195 (49.2%) children’s hospital leaders responded. The most important and feasible activities were identifying patients needing or overdue for transition, discussing transition timing with youth and/or families, and informing youth and/or families that future stays would be at an adult facility. Feasibility, but not importance, ratings were associated with current performance of transition activities. Inpatient transition activities were perceived to be important for children with medical and/or social complexity or high hospital use. Emergency department visits and patient experience during transition were top outcome measurement priorities.CONCLUSIONS:Children’s hospital clinical leaders rated inpatient youth-adult transition activities and outcome measures as important and feasible; however, feasibility may ultimately drive implementation. This work should be used to inform initial research and quality improvement priorities, although additional stakeholder perspectives are needed.
Estimates of the error of interval quadrature formulas on some classes of differentiable functions
Authors: Motornyi V.P. , Ovsyannikov D.A. 
Published: September 2020

The exact value of error of interval quadrature formulas$$\int_0^{2\pi}f(t)dt -\frac{\pi}{nh}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\int_{-h}^hf(t+\frac {2k\pi}{n})dt = R_n(f;\vec{c_0};\vec{x_0};h)$$obtained for the classes $W^rH^{\omega} (r=1,2,...)$ of differentiable periodic functions for which the modulus of continuity of the $r -$th derivative is majorized by the given modulus of continuity $\omega(t)$. This interval quadrature formula coincides with the rectangles formula for the Steklov functions $f_h(t)$ and is optimal for some important classes of functions.
The uniqueness of the best non-symmetric $L_1$-approximant with a weight by $A_{\alpha ,\beta }$-subspace
Authors: Tkachenko M.Ye. , Traktynskyi V.O. 
Published: September 2020

The questions of the uniqueness of the best non-symmetric $L_1$-approximant with weight in the finite dimensional subspace and the connection of such tasks with $A_{\alpha ,\beta }$-subspaces were considered in this article. This result generalizes the known result of Kroo on the case of non-symmetric approximation.
The Identity Construction of Da'wah Leadership on Jama'ah Tabligh Movement
Authors: Effendy Dudy Imanuddin , Rustandi Dudi 
Published: August 2020

The presence of religious social groups is driven by the process of leadership emergence. The purpose of this study is to find (1) the concept of leadership of the Tablighi Jamaah from various perspectives; Sufism, jurisprudence, laity, and religious authority; (2) Construction of the identity of the religious leaders of the Jamaah Tabligh. The research paradigm uses virtual ethnographic methods with social identity construction theory. The results showed that (1) the concept of leadership in the Tablighi Jamaah emphasized more on religious authority and charismatic leadership (2) The construction of the religious identity of the leadership dimension of the Tablighi Jama'at was a combination of charismatic and transformational authority. This research can have an impact on the leadership model of social and religious institutions in Indonesia as a model that is quite effective in creating observance of pilgrims.Kehadiran kelompok sosial keagamaan didorong oleh proses munculnya kepemimpinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan (1) konsep kepemimpinan Jamaah Tabligh dari beragam perspektif; sufistik, yurisprudensi, awam, dan otoritas keagamaan; (2) Konstruksi identitas kepemimpinan agama Jamaah Tabligh. Paradigma penelitian menggunakan metode etnografi virtual dengan teori konstruksi identitas social. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) konsep kepemimpinan pada Jamaah Tabligh lebih menekankan pada otoritas keagamaan dan kepemimpinan yang bersifat kharismatik (2) Konstruksi identitas keagamaan dimensi kepemimpinan Jama’ah Tabligh merupakan perpaduan antara otoritas kharisma dan transformasional. Penelitian ini dapat berdampak terhadap model kepemimpinan instusi social maupun keagamaan di Indonesia sebagai model yang cukup efektif dalam menciptakan ketaatan jamaah.