bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The longitudinal relationship between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among adolescents
Authors: Ng Ai Kah , Hairi Noran Naqiah , Dahlui Maznah , Su Tin Tin , Jalaludin Muhammad Yazid , Abdul Majid Hazreen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe longitudinal relationship between muscle strength, dietary intake and physical activity among adolescents is not well understood. We investigated the trend and longitudinal effects of dietary intakes and physical activity scores on muscle strength in adolescents. This prospective cohort study consisted of 436 adolescents (134 males; 302 females) aged 13 years at baseline (2012) who were followed up at the ages of 15 (2014) and 17 (2016) years, respectively. We measured muscle strength using a calibrated hand dynamometer, estimated dietary intake with a 7-d dietary history and physical activity scores with a validated physical activity questionnaire for older children. A generalised estimating equation was used to examine the effect of dietary intakes and physical activity on muscle strength changes. The analysis was performed separately by sex. The muscle strength for males and females had increased within the 5-year period. The dietary intakes (energy and macronutrients) also increased initially but plateaued after the age of 15 years for both sexes. Females recorded a significant declining trend in physical activity scores compared with males as they grew older. A significant positive longitudinal relationship was found between protein (β= 0·035;P= 0·016), carbohydrate intake (β= 0·002;P= 0·013) and muscle strength among males. However, no longitudinal relationship was found between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among females. Higher protein and carbohydrate intake among males was associated with higher muscle strength but was not observed in females. Nutrition and physical activity focusing on strength building are required in early adolescence and need to be tailored to males and females accordingly.
Lower Cambrian facies architecture and sequence stratigraphy, NW France: framework for evaluation of basin-wide processes of sedimentation
Authors: Went David J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA correlation and interpretation of the sequence stratigraphy of the lower Cambrian strata of NW France is presented and used to characterize basin-wide controls on processes of sedimentation. Deposition occurred in two basins, as two third-order stratigraphic sequences. A northern basin in the Cotentin was dominated by deposition of marine siliciclastic sediments of Sequence 1 (Cambrian Stages 2–3). The primary sediment input was from the NW at La Hague. A middle Normandy basin, SW of Caen, was characterized by deposition of platform carbonates and fine-grained, offshore siliciclastics in Sequence 1 and fluvio-deltaic and marine siliciclastics in Sequence 2 (Cambrian Stages 3–4). Major sediment input points lay to the west in Brittany and to the NE of Caen (in Sequence 2). Lowstand and transgressive systems tract strata dominate both sequences, with local preservation of highstand deposits in basin-centre locations. Fluvial deposits occur at basin margins and display sandstone-dominated facies typical of prevegetation systems. Two styles of fluvially dominated siliciclastic delta are recognized, which show delta-front strata composed of fluvial channels overlying either wave-formed deposits or hyperpycnites. The former formed on shallow shelves, whereas the latter formed where basin bathymetry was steeper and commonly fault controlled. Fossil microbial life forms are conspicuous in Sequence 1, as are intervals of low-diversity bioturbation. The balance of life forms is consistent with the punctuated replacement of algal matgrounds with mixgrounds during early Cambrian time. Super-mature quartz arenites were formed by high-energy wave processes on slowly aggrading basin flanks following marine transgression.
A meta-analysis comparing cognitive function across the mood/psychosis diagnostic spectrum
Authors: Lynham Amy J. , Cleaver Siân L. , Jones Ian R. , Walters James T. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe nature and degree of cognitive impairments in schizoaffective disorder is not well established. The aim of this meta-analysis was to characterise cognitive functioning in schizoaffective disorder and compare it with cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizoaffective disorder was considered both as a single category and as its two diagnostic subtypes, bipolar and depressive disorder.MethodsFollowing a thorough literature search (468 records identified), we included 31 studies with a total of 1685 participants with schizoaffective disorder, 3357 with schizophrenia and 1095 with bipolar disorder. Meta-analyses were conducted for seven cognitive variables comparing performance between participants with schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia, and between schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder.ResultsParticipants with schizoaffective disorder performed worse than those with bipolar disorder (g = −0.30) and better than those with schizophrenia (g = 0.17). Meta-analyses of the subtypes of schizoaffective disorder showed cognitive impairments in participants with the depressive subtype are closer in severity to those seen in participants with schizophrenia (g = 0.08), whereas those with the bipolar subtype were more impaired than those with bipolar disorder (g = −0.23) and less impaired than those with schizophrenia (g = 0.29). Participants with the depressive subtype had worse performance than those with the bipolar subtype but this was not significant (g = 0.25, p = 0.05).ConclusionCognitive impairments increase in severity from bipolar disorder to schizoaffective disorder to schizophrenia. Differences between the subtypes of schizoaffective disorder suggest combining the subtypes of schizoaffective disorder may obscure a study's results and hamper efforts to understand the relationship between this disorder and schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
Annihilation or salvation? A philosophical case for preferring universalism to annihilationism
Authors: KRONEN JOHN , REITAN ERIC 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInGod's Final Victory: A Comparative Philosophical Case for Universalism, we argue that for every version of the doctrine of hell there is a version of the doctrine of universal salvation that, granted traditional Christian teachings, is more philosophically defensible. This article explores whether a parallel case can be made for preferring universalism to annihilationism. While assuming for the sake of this article that the chief arguments for favouring universalism over the doctrine of hell, developed inGod's Final Victory, are strong, we argue that a comparably strong parallel case for favouring universalism to annihilationism can indeed be made.
Towards greater impact in health technology assessment: horizon scanning for new and emerging technologies in Singapore
Authors: Wong Wan Qing , Lin Liang , Ju Hong , Ng Kwong 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo alert policy makers early about emerging health technologies that could significantly impact the healthcare system at the clinical, financial and organizational levels, the Agency for Care Effectiveness (ACE) in Singapore established a horizon scanning system (HSS) in 2019. This paper describes the development of the ACE HSS and showcases its application with cell and gene therapy products as the first example.MethodsA literature review of existing HSS methods, including the processes of the EuroScan International Network and other overseas horizon scanning agencies, was done to inform the development of our horizon scanning framework. The framework was first applied to the new and emerging cell and gene therapies.ResultsIdentification sources, filtration and prioritization criteria, and horizon scanning outputs for the HSS were developed in alignment to international best practices, with recommendations for technology uptake represented by a traffic light system. For the first horizon scanning exercise on cell and gene therapies, forty therapies passed the filtration step, of which eight were prioritized for further assessment. The few early reports developed were used to inform and prepare the healthcare system for their potential introduction, particularly in terms of the need to develop health and funding policies.ConclusionsEarly assessment of prioritized topics has provided support for strategic efforts within the Ministry of Health. Given that ACE's horizon scanning program is still in its infancy, the framework will continue to evolve to ensure relevance to our stakeholders so that it remains fit for purpose for our healthcare system.
The merits of using Ethereum MainNet as a Coordination Blockchain for Ethereum Private Sidechains
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractACoordination Blockchainis a blockchain that coordinates activities of multiple private blockchains. This paper discusses the pros and cons of using Ethereum MainNet, the public Ethereum blockchain, as a Coordination Blockchain. The requirements Ethereum MainNet needs to fulfil to perform this role are analyzed within the context of Ethereum Private Sidechains, a private blockchain technology which allows many blockchains to be operated in parallel, and allows atomic crosschain transactions to execute across blockchains. We found that Ethereum MainNet is best suited to storing long-term static data that need to be widely available, such as the Ethereum Registration Authority information. However, due to Ethereum MainNet’s probabilistic finality, it is not well suited to information that needs to be available and acted upon immediately, such as the Sidechain Public Keys and Atomic Crosschain Transaction state information that need to be accessible prior to the first atomic crosschain transaction being issued on a sidechain. Although this paper examined the use of Ethereum MainNet as a Coordination Blockchain within reference to Ethereum Private Sidechains, the discussions and observations of the typical tasks a Coordination Blockchain may be expected to perform are applicable more widely to any multi-blockchain system.
Economic Legitimation in a New Era: Public Attitudes to State Ownership and Market Regulation in China
Authors: Eaton Sarah , Hasmath Reza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAutocrats typically seek public support on the basis of economic growth-promotion and redistribution policies, and China is no exception. As important as these factors are for authoritarian resilience, we argue that economic legitimation is a more complex phenomenon than has previously been acknowledged. Beyond improvements in material well-being, citizens form judgements about the state's effectiveness in carrying out a variety of economic roles beyond growth promotion and they also care about the fairness of these market interventions. In this study, we use original survey data collected in late 2015 and early 2016 to evaluate Chinese citizens’ perceptions of two economic roles of the state that have been hotly debated in recent years: state ownership and market regulation. We find that while citizens view the ideas of state ownership and interventionist regulation in a generally positive light, suggesting a broad level of agreement in Chinese society about what economic functions the state ought to perform, perceptions of how the state actually carries out these roles are more mixed. Our results show that the urban young are especially inclined to critical evaluations, raising the question of how the Chinese Communist Party's legitimation strategy will fare under conditions of inter-generational value change.
Association of spontaneous abortion and Ureaplasma parvum detected in placental tissue
Authors: Oliveira C. N. T. , Oliveira M. T. S. , Oliveira H. B. M. , Silva L. S. C. , Freire R. S. , Santos Júnior M. N. , Oliveira M. V. , Timenetsky J. , Campos G. B. , Marques L. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is considered a public health problem having several causes, including infections. Among the infectious agents, bacteria of the vaginal microbiota and Ureaplasma parvum have been associated with abortion, but their participation needs to be further elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the influence of Mollicutes on the development of spontaneous abortion. Women who underwent spontaneous abortion and those with normal birth (control) were studied. Samples of cervical mucus (CM) and placental tissue were collected to identify Mollicutes using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodology. Eighty-nine women who had a miscarriage and 20 women with normal pregnancies were studied. The presence of Mollicutes in placental tissue increased the chance of developing miscarriage sevenfold. The prevalence of U. parvum in women who experienced spontaneous abortion was 66.3% in placental tissue. A positive association was observed between the detection of U. parvum in samples of placental tissue and abortion. There was a significant increase in microbial load in placental tissue for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum compared to the control group. Detection of U. parvum in CM in pregnant women can ascend to the region of the placental tissue and trigger a spontaneous abortion.
Managing uncertainty: Principles for improved decision making
Authors: Kaye P. H. , Smith A. D. , Strudwick M. J. , White M. , Bird C. E. L. , Aggarwal G. , Durkin T. , Marcuson T. A. G. , Masters T. R. , Regan N. , Restrepo S. , Toller J. R. , White S. , Wilkinson R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Effective management of uncertainty can lead to better, more informed decisions. However, many decision makers and their advisers do not always face up to uncertainty, in part because there is little constructive guidance or tools available to help. This paper outlines six Uncertainty Principles to manage uncertainty.

Face up to uncertainty

Deconstruct the problem

Don’t be fooled (un/intentional biases)

Models can be helpful, but also dangerous

Think about adaptability and resilience

Bring people with you

These were arrived at following extensive discussions and literature reviews over a 5-year period. While this is an important topic for actuaries, the intended audience is any decision maker or advisor in any sector (public or private).
CBDX: a workhorse mortality model from the Cairns–Blake–Dowd family
Authors: Dowd Kevin , Cairns Andrew J. G. , Blake David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to identify a workhorse mortality model for the adult age range (i.e., excluding the accident hump and younger ages). It applies the “general procedure” (GP) of Hunt & Blake [(2014), North American Actuarial Journal, 18, 116–138] to identify an age-period model that fits the data well before adding in a cohort effect that captures the residual year-of-birth effects arising in the original age-period model. The resulting model is intended to be suitable for a variety of populations, but economises on the number of period effects in comparison with a full implementation of the GP. We estimate the model using two different iterative maximum likelihood (ML) approaches – one Partial ML and the other Full ML – that avoid the need to specify identifiability constraints.
Interspecific and Intrashell Stable Isotope Variation Among the Red Sea Giant Clams
Authors: Killam Daniel , Thomas Ryan , Al‐Najjar Tariq , Clapham Matthew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Gulf of Aqaba is home to three giant clam species with differing ecological niches and levels of photosymbiotic activity. Giant clams grow a two‐layered shell where the outer layer is precipitated in close association with photosymbiont‐bearing siphonal mantle, and the inner layer is grown in association with the light‐starved inner mantle. We collected 39 shells of the three species (the cosmopolitan Tridacna maxima and T. squamosa, as well as the rare endemic T. squamosina) and measured carbon and oxygen isotope ratios from inner and outer shell layers, to test for differences among species and between the layers of their shells. T. squamosina records higher temperatures of shell formation as determined by oxygen isotope paleothermometry, consistent with its status as an obligately shallow‐dwelling species. However, the known negative fractionation imparted on tissue carbon isotopes by photosymbiotic algae did not produce measurable offsets in the carbonate δ13C values of the more symbiotic T. squamosina and T. maxima compared to the more heterotrophic T. squamosa. Across all species, outer shell layers recorded mean growth temperatures 1.8°C higher than corresponding inner layers, which we propose is a function of the high insolation, low albedo microenvironment of the outer mantle, and potentially the activity of the symbionts themselves. Population‐wide isotopic sampling of reef‐dwelling bivalve shells can help constrain the ecological niches of rare taxa and help reconstruct their internal physiology.
Glider Observations of the Northwestern Iberian Margin During an Exceptional Summer Upwelling Season
Authors: Rollo Callum , Heywood Karen J. , Hall Rob A. , Barton Eric Desmond , Kaiser Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlider observations from the Northwestern Iberian Margin during the exceptionally strong 2010 summer upwelling season resolved the evolution of physical and biogeochemical variables during two upwelling events. Upwelling brought low‐oxygen Eastern North Atlantic Central Water from 190 m depth onto the shelf up to a depth of 50 m. During the two observed periods of upwelling, a poleward jet developed over the shelf break. The persistent upwelling favorable winds maintained equatorward flow on the outer shelf for 2 months with no reversals during relaxation periods, a phenomenon not previously observed. During upwelling, near‐surface chlorophyll a concentration increased by more than 6 mg m−3. Oxygen supersaturation in the near surface increased by more than 20%, 6 days after the chlorophyll a maximum.
Simulating Agriculture in the Community Land Model Version 5
Authors: Lombardozzi Danica L. , Lu Yaqiong , Lawrence Peter J. , Lawrence David M. , Swenson Sean , Oleson Keith W. , Wieder William R. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgricultural expansion and management have greatly increased global food production and altered Earth's climate by changing physical and biogeochemical properties of terrestrial ecosystems. Few Earth system models represent agricultural management practices due to the complexity of the interactions between human decisions and biological processes on global scales. We describe the new capabilities of representing crop distributions and management in the Community Land Model (CLM) Version 5, which includes time‐varying spatial distributions of major crop types and their management through fertilization and irrigation, and temperature‐based phenological triggers. Including active crop management increases peak growing season gross primary productivity (GPP), increases the amplitude of Northern Hemisphere net ecosystem exchange, and changes seasonal and annual patterns of latent and sensible heat fluxes. The CLM5 crop model simulates the global observed historical trend of crop yields with relative fidelity from 1850 to 1990. Cropland expansion was important for increasing crop production, especially during the first century of the simulations, while fertilization and irrigation were important for increasing yields from 1950 onward. From 1990 to present day, observed crop production continued to increase while CLM5 production levels off, likely because intensification practices are not represented in the model. Specifically, CLM does not currently include increasing planting density, crop breeding and genetic modification, representations of tillage, or other management practices that may also affect crop‐climate and crop‐carbon cycle interactions and alter trends in yields. These results highlight the importance of including crop management in Earth system models, particularly as global data sets for parameterization and evaluation become more readily available.
The Fingerprints of Flexure in Slab Seismicity
Authors: Sandiford D. , Moresi L. M. , Sandiford M. , Farrington R. , Yang T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarthquake moment tensors in eastern Pacific (ePac) slabs typically show downdip tensional (DT) axes, whereas in the western Pacific (wPac), they typically show downdip compressional (DC) axes or have mixed orientations indicative of unbending. Prevailing conceptual models emphasize uniform stress/deformation modes, that is, bulk slab stretching or shortening, as the dominant control on intermediate depth seismic expression. In contrast, we propose that a diversity of seismic expression, including DT‐ and DC‐dominated regions, is consistent with expectations of flexural strain accumulation, based on systemic differences in slab geometry. Our analysis reveals two largely unrecognized features of ePac intraslab seismicity. First, earthquake clusters consistent with slab unbending are present in ePac slabs, albeit at much shallower depths than typical of wPac slabs. Second, intermediate depth ePac DT seismicity is strongly localized to the upper half of zones undergoing curvature increase, such as flat slab segments. Our study highlights how the seismic expression of slab flexure is impacted by the relative contribution of brittle and ductile deformation. The strongly asymmetric temperature structure that is preserved in sinking slabs means that seismicity disproportionately records the deformation regime in the colder part of the slab, above the neutral plane of bending. The expression of in‐plane stress may be discernible in terms of a systematic modifying effect on the seismic expression of flexure.
Runoff and Evapotranspiration Elasticities in the Western United States: Are They Consistent With Dooge's Complementary Relationship?
Authors: Xiao Mu , Gao Ming , Vogel Richard M. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany studies have examined how runoff (Q) responds to long‐term changes in precipitation (P) and temperature (T), but the effects of potential evapotranspiration (PET) have received less attention. We examine observational data sets for P, T, and Q, along with PET estimated from observations, to determine the extent to which derived P and PET runoff elasticities (𝜀𝑃 and 𝜀𝑃𝐸𝑇, the fractional changes in runoff associated with given fractional changes in precipitation and PET, respectively) meet Dooge's complementary relationship (under certain conditions, 𝜀𝑃 + 𝜀𝑃𝐸𝑇 = 1). We apply three statistical methods and two hydrologic models to estimate 𝜀𝑃 and 𝜀𝑃𝐸𝑇 in 84 headwater river basins in California, Oregon, and Washington. We find that while the estimates of 𝜀𝑃 are generally consistent across two statistical estimators and one model‐based estimator, the estimates of 𝜀𝑃𝐸𝑇 using the statistical methods differ considerably (generally, they are much more negative) from the model‐based estimates, and some appear to be implausible. The model‐based estimates show better conformance to the complementary relationship (and in the median across sites, they sum to close to 1.0). We explore several factors that might explain the failure of the observation‐based estimators, including interaction between P and PET and nonclosure of the water budget at annual time scales.