bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of renal phospholipase A2 receptor deposit in the prognosis evaluation and treatment options of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xie Zhiyong , Dong Wei , Li Zhilian , Chen Yuanhan , Song Li , Li Ruizhao , Wu Yanhua , Fu Lei , Liang Huaban , Tao Yiming , Xie Jianteng , Wang Wenjian , Liu Shuangxin , Ye Zhiming , Shi Wei , Liang Xinling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimPhospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is a target antigen for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). However, the association between renal PLA2R antigen and disease prognosis had not been fully investigated. In addition, there was a paucity of studies investigating the difference of therapeutic effects between cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A in PLA2R‐associated IMN.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study recruited 300 eligible patients diagnosed with biopsy‐proven IMN between September 2015 and July 2018 in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. The remission of proteinuria was compared between PLA2R‐associated and non‐PLA2R‐associated IMN. The difference of therapeutic effects between cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A were also investigated in PLA2R‐associated IMN.ResultsThe positive rate of renal PLA2R antigen in recruited IMN patients was 82.3%. Non‐PLA2R‐associated IMN patients had a higher probability to achieve remission than PLA2R‐associated IMN patients (Log–rank test, P = .013). Multivariate COX analysis showed that renal PLA2R antigen was an independent risk factor for not achieving remission in IMN patients (Hazard Ratio: 1.619; 95% confidence interval: 1.133 to 2.313; P = .008). In PLA2R‐associated IMN, patients receiving cyclophosphamide had a higher probability to achieve remission compared with those receiving cyclosporine A (Log–rank test, P = .018) while there was no difference in renal survival. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that compared with cyclosporine A, patients receiving cyclophosphamide had a higher probability to achieve remission.ConclusionPhospholipase A2 receptor ‐associated IMN patients had a lower probability to achieve remission compared with non‐PLA2R‐associated IMN. Compared with cyclosporine A, cyclophosphamide exerted better therapeutic effects in remission of proteinuria and may be the preferred immunosuppressant for PLA2R‐associated IMN.
Xylem form and function under extreme nutrient limitation: an example from California's pygmy forest
Authors: Cary Katharine L. , Ranieri Gina M. , Pittermann Jarmila 
Published: January 2020

Summary

Xylem anatomy and function have large implications for plant growth as well as survival during drought, but the impact of nutrient limitation on xylem is not fully understood. This study examines the pygmy forest in California, a plant community that experiences negligible water stress but is severely stunted by low‐nutrient and acidic soil, to investigate how nutrient limitation affects xylem function.
Thirteen key anatomical and hydraulic traits of stems of four species were compared between pygmy forest plants and nearby conspecifics growing on richer soil.
Resistance to cavitation (P50), a critical trait for predicting survival during drought, had highly species‐specific responses: in one species, pygmy plants had a 26% decrease in cavitation resistance compared to higher‐nutrient conspecifics, while in another species, pygmy plants had a 56% increase in cavitation resistance. Other traits responded to nutrient limitation more consistently: pygmy plants had smaller xylem conduits and higher leaf‐specific conductivity (KL) than conspecific controls.
Edaphic stress, even in the absence of water stress, altered xylem structure and thus had substantial impacts on water transport. Importantly, nutrient limitation shifted cavitation resistance in a species‐specific and unpredictable manner; this finding has implications for the assessment of cavitation resistance in other natural systems.
Determinants of geographic range size in plants
Authors: Sheth Seema Nayan , Morueta‐Holme Naia , Angert Amy L. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryGeographic range size has long fascinated ecologists and evolutionary biologists, yet our understanding of the factors that cause variation in range size among species and across space remains limited. Not only does geographic range size inform decisions about the conservation and management of rare and nonindigenous species due to its relationship with extinction risk, rarity, and invasiveness, but it also provides insights into fundamental processes such as dispersal and adaptation. There are several features unique to plants (e.g. polyploidy, mating system, sessile habit) that may lead to distinct mechanisms explaining variation in range size. Here, we highlight key studies testing intrinsic and extrinsic hypotheses about geographic range size under contrasting scenarios where species' ranges are static or change over time. We then present results from a meta‐analysis of the relative importance of commonly hypothesized determinants of range size in plants. We show that our ability to infer the relative importance of these determinants is limited, particularly for dispersal ability, mating system, ploidy, and environmental heterogeneity. We highlight avenues for future research that merge approaches from macroecology and evolutionary ecology to better understand how adaptation and dispersal interact to facilitate niche evolution and range expansion.
It is not just a ‘trade‐off’: indications for sink‐ and source‐limitation to vegetative and regenerative growth in an old‐growth beech forest
Authors: Mund Martina , Herbst Mathias , Knohl Alexander , Matthäus Bertrand , Schumacher Jens , Schall Peter , Siebicke Lukas , Tamrakar Rijan , Ammer Christian 
Published: January 2020

Summary

Controls on tree growth are key issues in plant physiology. The hypothesis of our study was that the interannual variability of wood and fruit production are primarily controlled directly by weather conditions (sink limitation), while carbon assimilation (source limitation) plays a secondary role.

We analyzed the interannual variability of weather conditions, gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) of wood and fruits of an old‐growth, unmanaged Fagus sylvatica forest over 14 yr, including six mast years.

In a multiple linear regression model, c. 71% of the annual variation in wood‐NPP could be explained by mean air temperature in May, precipitation from April to May (positive influence) and fruit‐NPP (negative influence). GPP of June to July solely explained c. 42% of the variation in wood‐NPP. Fruit‐NPP was positively related to summer precipitation 2 yr before (R2 = 0.85), and negatively to precipitation in May (R2 = 0.83) in the fruit years. GPP had no influence on fruit‐NPP.

Our results suggest a complex system of sink and source limitations to tree growth driven by weather conditions and going beyond a simple carbon‐mediated ‘trade‐off’ between regenerative and vegetative growth.
Effects of occlusion modification on the remodelling of degenerative mandibular condylar processes
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhang Jing , Zhang Mian , Yang Hongxu , Liu Qian , Zhang Hongyun , Liu Jinqiang , Duan Jing , Lu Yanqin , Wang Mei‐Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) displays a high remodelling capability in response to occlusion changes. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the responses of TMJ condyles of growing mice to the installation of a unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) prosthesis and the replacement of the UAC prothesis with a bilateral anterior elevation (BAE) prosthesis.Materials and MethodsC57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the blank control and experimental groups. In mice in the experimental groups, UAC was created, while in others, BAE was created after the creation of UAC or removal of UAC. Changes in TMJ condylar cartilage and subchondral bone were assessed.ResultsThe degradation of condylar cartilage induced by UAC was reversed by BAE, as evaluated by cartilage histochemical changes, collagen II‐positive area, collagen X‐positive chondrocytes and expression levels of Adamts‐5, Mmp13, Tnf‐α and Il‐1β. Subchondral bone was assessed based on the subchondral bone volume, the number of TRAP‐positive cells and the Opg/Rankl ratio.ConclusionThe growing mouse TMJ condyle displays a high remodelling capability, which can be degenerative or rehabilitative in response to the creation of UAC and the replacement of UAC with BAE. Early correction of occlusion is beneficial for the recovery of degenerative condyles.
Accuracy of dynamic preload variables for predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with pediatric liver cirrhosis: A prospective study
Authors: Chen Pin‐Hsin , Chan Kuang‐Cheng , Liao Min‐Hsiu , Wu Chun‐Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe have previously reported that dynamic preload variables predicted fluid responsiveness in adult patients with liver cirrhosis. However, pediatric patients with cirrhosis may present with unique hemodynamic characteristics, and therefore, the predictive accuracy of these variables in such patients must be clarified.AimsTo investigate the accuracy of dynamic preload variables for predicting fluid responsiveness in pediatric patients with cirrhosis.MethodsA total of 27 pediatric patients with cirrhosis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. Patients’ pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation, stroke volume index, and central venous pressure were measured using the calibrated pulse contour cardiac output system. The plethysmographic variability index was measured using a Masimo Radical 7 co‐oximeter. During the hepatic dissection phase of the surgery, repeated intraoperative fluid challenges with 10 mL kg−1 of crystalloid within 15 minutes were administered. Fluid responsiveness was defined as an increase in stroke volume index of ≥15% after fluid challenge.ResultsA total of 61 fluid challenges were administered resulting in 15 fluid responders and 46 fluid nonresponders. Fluid challenge induced significant decreases in all three dynamic preload variables but not in the fluid nonresponders. However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for pulse pressure variation, stroke volume variation, plethysmographic variability index, and central venous pressure for predicting fluid responsiveness were 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.52‐0.82; P = .0255), 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.54‐0.83; P = .0140), 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.40‐0.71; P = .4724), and 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.40‐0.74; P = .4192), respectively.ConclusionsDynamic preload variables do not predict fluid responsiveness in pediatric patients with liver cirrhosis.
The use of pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation in a swine model of intraoperative pediatric cardiac arrest
Authors: Lapid Francis M. , O'Brien Caitlin E. , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Lee Jennifer K. , Hunt Elizabeth A. , Koehler Raymond C. , Shaffner Donald H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent pediatric resuscitation guidelines suggest that resuscitators using an advanced airway deliver 8‐10 breaths per minute while carefully avoiding excessive ventilation. In the intraoperative setting, having a dedicated ventilation rescuer may be difficult because of limited personnel. Continuing pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation during resuscitation for intraoperative cardiac arrest reduces personnel needed and the risk of hyperventilation but might risk hypoventilation during chest compression delivery.AimsTo determine whether the use of pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation at prearrest settings provides normoxia and normocarbia during resuscitation from cardiac arrest.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed combined data from preclinical randomized controlled trials. Two‐week‐old swine (3‐4 kg) underwent asphyxia‐induced cardiac arrest. Animals were resuscitated with periods of basic and advanced life support. During resuscitation, pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation was delivered at the prearrest respiratory rate, peak inspiratory pressure, and positive end‐expiratory pressure. Arterial blood gases were measured prearrest, at 11 minutes of asphyxia, and at 8 and 20 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.ResultsPiglets (n = 154) received pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation before and during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a peak inspiratory pressure of 14‐15 cm H2O, positive end‐expiratory pressure of 4 cm H2O, 20 breaths/minute, and an inspiratory:expiratory ratio of 1:2. During asphyxia, the arterial blood gas showed the expected severe hypercarbia and hypoxia. Continuing pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation using prearrest parameters and increasing the FiO2 to 1.0 returned the PaCO2 to prearrest levels and slightly increased the partial pressure of arterial oxygen at 8 and 20 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.ConclusionIn this piglet model of resuscitation from asphyxial arrest, pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the prearrest ventilator settings with an FiO2 of 1.0 provides adequate oxygenation and restores normocarbia. Clinical investigation is warranted to determine the benefits of continuing pressure‐controlled mechanical ventilation at prearrest parameters during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Airway ultrasound: Point of care in children—The time is now
Authors: Daniel Sam J. , Bertolizio Gianluca , McHugh Tobial 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care ultrasonography of the airway is becoming a first‐line noninvasive adjunct assessment tool of the pediatric airway. It is defined as a focused and goal‐directed portable ultrasonography brought to the patient and performed and interpreted on the spot by the provider. Successful use requires a thorough understanding of airway anatomy and ultrasound experience.AimsTo outline the many benefits, and some limitations, of airway ultrasonography in the clinical and perioperative setting.Materials and MethodsExpert review of the recent literature.ResultsUltrasound assessment of the airway may provide the clinician with valuable information that is specific to the individual airway static and dynamic anatomy of the patient. Ultrasound can help identify vocal cord dysfunction and pathology, assess airway size, predict the appropriate diameter of endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes, differentiate tracheal from esophageal intubation, localize the cricothyroid membrane for emergency airway access and identify tracheal rings for US‐guided tracheostomy. Ultrasonography is also a great tool for the intraoperative diagnosis of a pneumothorax, the visualization of the movement of the diaphragms, and quantifying the amount of gastric content. Ultrasonography signs, tips, and pearls that allow these diagnoses are highlighted. The major disadvantage of ultrasonography remains interobserver variability, and operator dependence, as it requires specific training and experience.ConclusionAlthough it is not standard of care yet, there is significant potential for the integration of ultrasound technology into the routine care of the airway.
Photolysis of 3‐(1‐acyl‐5‐aryl‐3‐pyrazolinyl)coumarins—Effective Fluorescence Decay
Authors: Traven Valerii F. , Cheptsov Dmitriy A. , Mamirgova Zarina Z. , Solovjova Natalya P. , Martynenko Vyacheslav M. , Dolotov Sergei M. , Krayushkin Michail M. , Ivanov Ivan V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotophysical characteristics of new 3‐(1‐acyl‐5‐aryl‐3‐pyrazolinyl)coumarins have been measured. These coumarin derivatives are found to be effective fluorophores and show high values of quantum yields of fluorescence both in nonpolar and in polar solvents. The 3‐(1‐acyl‐5‐aryl‐3‐pyrazolinyl)coumarins turned to be photosensitive compounds and undergo photolysis under irradiation in the range of 310–465 nm. Photolysis is suggested to include retro‐cyclization and retro‐condensation steps. The process is accompanied by a sharp drop of fluorescence that can be of interest for the creation of new media in optical recording of information.
Biofloc technology: principles focused on potential species and the case study of Chilean river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius
Authors: Ulloa Walker David Antonio , Morales Suazo María Cristina , Emerenciano Maurício Gustavo Coelho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe accelerated growth of aquaculture has caused environmental impacts in many countries. Examples include the use of large volumes of water, discharge of effluents with high nutrient content, the occupation of large areas, natural habitat alternation and the escape of exotic species. Biofloc technology (BFT) is an aquaculture tool that requires minimal water exchange, promotes the nutrient recycling optimizing resources and produces natural food in situ by forming suspended microbial aggregates in the water (bioflocs). These microorganisms provide multiple benefits such as water quality control, pathogen resistance and nutritional supplementation. Species such as Litopenaeus vannamei and tilapia have been successfully applied in BFT. In addition, there are also an increasing number of studies focused on alternative species with promising results. This paper describes essential aspects of biofloc technology, its application in aquaculture and the potential to extend its benefits to new aquaculture species such as Chilean river shrimp Cryphiops caementarius. This paper describes the future challenges of this technology as well as opportunities for its application.
Turbidite stratigraphy in proglacial lakes: Deciphering trigger mechanisms using a statistical approach
Authors: Praet Nore , Van Daele Maarten , Collart Tim , Moernaut Jasper , Vandekerkhove Elke , Kempf Philipp , Haeussler Peter J. , De Batist Marc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTurbidites embedded in lacustrine sediment sequences are commonly used to reconstruct regional flood or earthquake histories. A critical step for this method to be successful is that turbidites and their trigger mechanisms are determined unambiguously. The latter is particularly challenging for prehistoric proglacial lake records in high‐seismicity settings where both earthquake‐generated and flood‐generated turbidites interrupt the background varved sedimentation. This calls for a new method to allow efficient and objective identification and classification of turbidites. This study examined turbidites in five long (9 to 17 m) sediment cores from Eklutna Lake, a proglacial lake in south‐central Alaska, using standard core logging and grain‐size data. A novel statistical approach is presented, in which varve‐thickness distributions were first analyzed to objectively identify the thickest turbidites and distinguish them from background sedimentation. For each turbidite, a selection of variables were then measured, including: basal grain‐size, thickness, magnetic susceptibility and spectrophotometric variables. Triggering mechanisms were discriminated by a combination of principal component analysis and clustering, and by calibration with historical events. Using this approach, a 2250 year long lake‐wide event stratigraphy was constructed, with 94 prehistoric events, including 24 earthquake and 70 flood events. Basal grain‐size and thickness variables turn out to be the most effective proxies for discrimination. This statistical approach is a powerful and new method to identify turbidites and their triggering mechanisms in long prehistoric sediment records. It opens up new prospects for palaeoseismological, palaeohydrological and palaeoclimate studies in proglacial lakes worldwide.
A hierarchical cluster analysis to determine whether injured runners exhibit similar kinematic gait patterns
Authors: Jauhiainen Susanne , Pohl Andrew J. , Äyrämö Sami , Kauppi Jukka‐Pekka , Ferber Reed 
Published: January 2020

Previous studies have suggested that runners can be subgrouped based on homogeneous gait patterns; however, no previous study has assessed the presence of such subgroups in a population of individuals across a wide variety of injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess whether distinct subgroups with homogeneous running patterns can be identified among a large group of injured and healthy runners and whether identified subgroups are associated with specific injury location. Three‐dimensional kinematic data from 291 injured and healthy runners, representing both sexes and a wide range of ages (10‐66 years), were clustered using hierarchical cluster analysis. Cluster analysis revealed five distinct subgroups from the data. Kinematic differences between the subgroups were compared using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Against our hypothesis, runners with the same injury types did not cluster together, but the distribution of different injuries within subgroups was similar across the entire sample. These results suggest that homogeneous gait patterns exist independent of injury location and that it is important to consider these underlying patterns when planning injury prevention or rehabilitation strategies.
Distinct non‐coding RNAs confer root‐dependent sense transgene‐induced post‐transcriptional gene silencing and nitrogen‐dependent post‐transcriptional regulation to AtAMT1;1 transcripts in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Zhang Yongjian , Wu Xiangyu , Yuan Lixing 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYHigh‐affinity ammonium uptake in roots mediate by AMT1‐type ammonium transporters, which are tightly controlled at multiple regulatory levels for adapting various nitrogen availability. For Arabidopsis AtAMT1;1 gene, in addition to the transcriptional and post‐translational controls, an organ‐dependent and N‐dependent post‐transcriptional regulation was suggested as an additional regulatory step for fine tuning ammonium uptake, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we showed that degradation of AtAMT1;1 transcript in roots of Pro35s:AtAMT1;1‐transformed atamt1;1‐1 Arabidopsis plants resulted from RDR6‐dependent sense transgene‐induced post‐transcriptional gene silencing (S‐PTGS). The siRNAs for S‐PTGS may derive from the aberrant RNA, of which the production was co‐determined by sequence feature and excessive expression of AtAMT1;1. Switching to the expression of AtAMT1;1 driven by ProAtUBQ10 or of AtAMT1;1 mutated at two siRNA‐targeted hotspots reduced AtAMT1;1‐specific siRNAs and overcame S‐PTGS in roots. In roots of these lines, however, the steady‐state transcript levels of AtAMT1;1 still significantly decreased under conditions of N‐sufficiency compared with N‐deficiency, confirming a N‐dependent post‐transcriptional regulatory manner. A crucial role of the 207‐bp 3′‐end sequence of AtAMT1;1 was further demonstrated by N‐dependent accumulation of chimeric‐AtAMT1;1 transcript in T‐DNA insertion lines and of GFP‐tagged chimeric‐AtAMT1;1 transcript in transgenic lines. A novel non‐coding RNA (ncRNA), which was highly abundant in N‐sufficient roots, may target the above‐identified 3′‐end region for the degrading AtAMT1;1 transcript. This degradation could be prevented by a mutation on the AtAMT1;1 transcript at a potential cleavage site (+1458). These results suggested two distinct mechanisms of regulating AtAMT1;1 mRNA turnover by ncRNA for strictly control of ammonium uptake in roots.