bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of specific energy input of a 915 MHz microwave dryer on quality, functional, and physicochemical properties of different rice cultivars
Authors: Bruce Rebecca M. , Atungulu Griffiths G. , Sadaka Sammy , Smith Deandrae 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe 915 MHz industrial microwave has a great penetration depth relative to the 2.45 GHz microwave and holds the potential to achieve one‐pass drying of deeper rice beds within a short drying duration. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of microwave specific energy on the quality, functional, and physicochemical properties of different rice cultivars. Two rice cultivars were used: a medium grain cultivar (Titan) and a long grain hybrid cultivar (XL753) from two different locations (Burdette and Carlisle). Rice samples at harvest moisture content of 20% wet basis were dried using the 915 MHz industrial microwave at specific energies ranging from 360 to 720 kJ per kg of initial wet grain mass (kJ.[kg‐grain]‐1). Rice physicochemical and functional properties were analyzed.FindingsResults indicate that specific energy had a significant effect (p‐value < 0.0001) on moisture removal and head rice yield. On average, increasing specific energy (drying duration 3–4 min, power 4–6 kW) resulted in increased moisture points removed from 2.5% to 7.3% and 3.7% to 7.5% for long grain hybrids and medium grain cultivars, respectively, while head rice yield decreased. Setback and final viscosities increased while peak viscosity decreased with increasing specific energies. Kernel surface lipid and protein content slightly decreased with increasing specific energies, although specific energy did not have a significant effect on these responses. Resistant starch content decreased with increasing specific energy for hybrid rice. Water and oil absorption capacities varied at different specific energies. The most desirable specific energy for moisture removal that maintains rice quality characteristics (relative to control samples) was 525 kJ.[kg‐grain]‐1.ConclusionsThe 915 MHz industrial microwave has the potential to achieve one‐pass drying of rice. A study of the best specific energy for drying different cultivars of rice using this technology is essential to meet the diverse industrial needs for rice drying.Significance and noveltyThis study provides science‐based information on the properties of different rice cultivars dried using the 915 MHz microwave and selection of desirable microwave parameters for rice drying. The technology has a great potential to transform the rice drying industry by decreasing rice drying duration, improving milling yield, and energy efficiency.
Recent Advances of CeO2‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution as well as Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Song Xue‐Zhi , Zhu Wen‐Yu , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Tan Zhenquan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance electrocatalysts have been deeply investigated and widely explored to improve the energy conversion efficiency in advanced electrochemical technologies. As a vital rare‐earth oxide, CeO2 has shown great promise in catalysis for its feasible redox feature, high oxygen storage capacity, abundant surface oxygen defects, and structural robustness. The structural characteristics will boost the electrocatalytic activity and durability of CeO2‐based hybrids. In this Review, relevant research results focusing on recent hybrid materials between CeO2 and other functional species, including metal, metal oxides/hydroxides, metal sulfides and phosphides, towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are summarized. This Review also highlights the key role of CeO2 and the structural design strategies in the hybrid electrocatalysts, including ion doping, interface and defect engineering, electronic structure optimization, and morphology control for catalytic output enhancement. Lastly, some scientific challenges and perspectives have been proposed, aiming to promote the development of other CeO2‐based hybrids for energy related electrocatalysis.
A randomized controlled trial of a forgiveness intervention program with female acid attack survivors in Pakistan
Authors: Haroon Zaineb , Iftikhar Rabia , Kim Jichan J. , Volk Fred , Enright Robert D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the traumatic effects of acid violence on its victims, treatment options are very limited. The present study was aimed at examining the efficacy of a forgiveness intervention with female survivors of acid attack violence in Pakistan. Female acid attack victims in Pakistan were randomized to either a forgiveness group (n = 8) or a treatment‐as‐usual (TAU; n = 8) control group. The forgiveness group received twice‐a‐week forgiveness sessions for 4 months, whereas the TAU group either received typical psychological treatment sessions for acid attack victims or no treatment. All participants were assessed on their levels of forgiveness, anger, anxiety, depression, and hope four times prior to the 4‐month intervention period, twice after the intervention period, and once at the 1‐year follow‐up. Posttreatment, the forgiveness intervention group showed greater improvement in hope, anger, anxiety, and depression when compared with the TAU group. Upon further examinations, both groups improved on forgiveness from pretreatment to posttreatment, but the forgiveness group had a higher baseline. From pretreatment to the 12‐month follow‐up, the forgiveness group, when compared with the TAU group, showed greater improvement in all areas except for depression. This is the first study that examined the effects of a forgiveness intervention for acid attack victims in Pakistan. Results showing the improvement posttreatment as well as over a 1‐year period posttreatment are encouraging.
A narrative review of cross‐sectional and prospective associations between self‐schemas and bipolar disorder
Authors: Yang Yan , Fletcher Kathryn , Murray Greg 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe role of self‐concept in bipolar disorder (BD) has not been well understood. The present review utilizes the notion of self‐schema and interrogates existing research concerning evidence for cross‐sectional and prospective associations between four schema‐like constructs (i.e. trait self‐esteem, dysfunctional beliefs concerning contingent self‐worth, early maladaptive schemas and implicit self‐esteem) and various facets of BD. Existing findings demonstrate various types of involvement of self‐schemas in BD. Of particular clinical relevance, the present review suggests that low trait self‐esteem and dysfunctional beliefs concerning contingent self‐worth are risk factors for ongoing BD symptoms and mood episodes. The present review also yields important yet unaddressed questions with respect to the evaluative content of self‐schemas associated with the hypo/manic phase of BD.
Lymphomatous effusion of monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T‐cell lymphoma is characterized by azurophilic granules and is a dismal sign: Report of two new cases with literature review
Authors: Pan Shien‐Tung , Wang Ren Ching , Su Ying‐Zhen , Hsieh Yen‐Chuan , Chuang Shih‐Sung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLymphoma involving serous effusion is uncommon. The diagnosis of effusion lymphoma may be challenging, particularly when the lymphoid cells are small to medium‐sized, which would be difficult for differentiating reactive effusions from low grade lymphomas. Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T‐cell lymphoma (MEITL) is an uncommon type of aggressive intestinal T cell lymphoma with a median survival of 7 months. MEITL rarely disseminates to the body cavities. To date, there are only three reported cases of MEITL with malignant effusion. Here we report two additional cases of MEITL with lymphoma cells involving the pleural effusion and the ascites, respectively. Review of the three literature cases and our two new cases of MEITL with malignant effusion, cytoplasmic azurophilic granules were identified in both the two cases with Liu stain. The median survival time was 1.5 months after the occurrence of malignant effusion, even shorter than the median survival in patients with MEITL. Although the case number is small, malignant effusion seems to be a poor prognostic factor of MEITL.
Ecohydrology of epiphytes: Modelling water balance, CAM photosynthesis, and their climate impacts
Authors: Miller Greta , Hartzell Samantha , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpiphytes are aerial plants, often characterized by CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthesis, which make up a significant portion of the biomass in some rainforests. Their unique characteristics have not yet been included in ecohydrological models, and their potential impact on local hydrometeorology is largely unexplored. This work introduces a water balance model for epiphytes, which adapts the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum model to represent a plant system without soil and couples it to the Photo3 photosynthesis model, which includes CAM photosynthesis. The model, which is parameterized with field data of Guzmania monostachia, accurately captures the observed hydraulic and photosynthetic behaviour of the epiphytic species. The application of vertical profiles of environmental inputs within the rainforest canopy shows increasing transpiration rates and decreasing water use efficiency with increasing canopy height, which corresponds to observed distributions of epiphytes in rainforests. Given that vascular epiphytes constitute a maximum of 35–50% of the foliar biomass in rainforests and contribute up to 13% of forest net primary production, they may contribute up to 10–50% of total rainforest evapotranspiration, a significant portion of the water cycle on the local ecosystem scale. The results of this work provide a missing piece to current ecohydrological models and can be integrated into Earth system models to help improve the physical representation of transpiration and free‐surface evaporation from canopy in current and future climates.
Impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on patients and families with Dravet syndrome
Authors: Brambilla Isabella , Aibar José Ángel , Hallet Anne Sophie , Bibic Irena , Cardenal‐Muñoz Elena , Prpic Igor , Darra Francesca , Specchio Nicola , Nabbout Rima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe explored the impact of coronavirus virus 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on patients with Dravet syndrome (DS) and their family. With European patient advocacy groups (PAGs), we developed an online survey in 10 languages to question health status, behavior, personal protection, and health services before and after lockdown. Approximately 538 European PAG members received electronic invitations. Survey ran from April 14, to May 17, 2020, with 219 answers; median age 9 year 10 months. Protection against infection was highly used prior to COVID‐19, but 88% added facemask‐use according to pandemic recommendations. Only one patient was tested positive for COVID‐19. Most had stable epilepsy during lockdown, and few families (4%) needed emergency care during lockdown. However, behavior disorder worsened in over one‐third of patients, regardless of epilepsy changes. Half of appointments scheduled prior to lockdown were postponed; 12 patients (11%) had appointments fulfilled; and 39 (36%) had remote consultations. Responders welcomed remote consultations. Half of responders were unsatisfied with psychological remote support as only few (21 families) received this support. None of the five of patient in clinical trials stopped investigational treatment. Prior adoption of protective measures against general infection might have contributed to avoiding COVID‐19 infections. Protocols for the favored remote contact ought to now be prepared.
Why child neurologists talk about SUDEP: Results from two cross‐sectional surveys
Authors: Keller Anne E. , Whitney Robyn , Donner Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize SUDEP discussion practices of child neurologists approximately 6 and 12 months after publication of the American Academy of Neurology SUDEP Clinical Practice Guideline and explore factors associated with discussion practice.MethodsChild Neurology Society members (~2450) were electronically surveyed in November 2017 and May 2018 regarding their practice of discussing SUDEP with patients with epilepsy or their caregivers. Multivariable proportional odds ordinal logistic regression evaluated factors associated with discussing SUDEP with a greater proportion of epilepsy patients/caregivers. Reasons for changing practice were described.ResultsAmong the 369 child neurologist respondents, 36% reported discussing SUDEP with at least half of their epilepsy patients/caregivers including 12% who discuss with all or almost all (>90%) of their epilepsy patients/families. Those who discussed SUDEP with an increased proportion of their patients were more likely to agree that they knew enough to talk about SUDEP, agree that healthcare providers have an ethical obligation to discuss SUDEP, and disagree that there is not enough time to talk about SUDEP. Those who agreed SUDEP could provoke excessive anxiety or worry were less likely to discuss SUDEP with an increased proportion of their patients. Reading the SUDEP Clinical Practice Guideline was a frequently cited reason among respondents who reported a recent change in discussion practice.SignificanceMost child neurologists do not follow the current SUDEP Clinical Practice Guideline regarding SUDEP discussion. Feeling sufficiently knowledgeable and ethically obligated to discuss SUDEP were associated with increased discussion practice, suggesting an educational intervention may be effective at increasing SUDEP discussion rates.
Historical tide gauge sea‐level observations in Alicante and Santander (Spain) since the 19th century
Authors: Marcos Marta , Puyol Bernat , Amores Angel , Pérez Gómez Begoña , Fraile María Ángeles , Talke Stefan Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA set of historical tide gauge sea‐level records from two locations in Santander (Northern Spain) and Alicante (Spanish Mediterranean coast) have been recovered from logbooks stored in national archives. Sea‐level measurements have been digitized, quality‐controlled and merged into three consistent sea‐level time series (two in Alicante and one in Santander) using high‐precision levelling information. The historical sea‐level record in Santander consists of a daily time series spanning the period 1876‐1924 and it is further connected to the record from the modern tide gauge station nearby, ensuring datum continuity up to the present. The sea‐level recording in Alicante started in 1870, with daily averaged values until the 1920s and hourly afterwards, and the tide gauges at the two Alicante sites are still operating, thereby providing one of the longest tide gauge sea‐level time series in the Mediterranean Sea. The long‐term consistency and reliability of the new records are discussed based on comparison with nearby tide gauge time series.
Microglial recruitment and mechanisms involved in the disruption of afferent synaptic terminals on spinal cord motor neurons after acute peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Salvany Sara , Casanovas Anna , Piedrafita Lídia , Tarabal Olga , Hernández Sara , Calderó Jordi , Esquerda Josep E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPeripheral nerve section with subsequent disconnection of motor neuron (MN) cell bodies from their skeletal muscle targets leads to a rapid reactive response involving the recruitment and activation of microglia. In addition, the loss of afferent synapses on MNs occurs in concomitance with microglial reaction by a process described as synaptic stripping. However, the way in which postaxotomy‐activated microglia adjacent to MNs are involved in synaptic removal is less defined. Here, we used confocal and electron microscopy to examine interactions between recruited microglial cells and presynaptic terminals in axotomized MNs between 1 and 15 days after sciatic nerve transection in mice. We did not observe any bulk engulfment of synaptic boutons by microglia. Instead, microglial cells internalized small membranous‐vesicular fragments which originated from the acute disruption of synaptic terminals involving the activation of the necroptotic pathway. The presence of abundant extracellular vesicles in the perineuronal space after axotomy, together with the increased expression of phospho‐mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein and, later, of extracellular vesicle markers, such as CD9, CD63, and flotillin, indicate that the vesicles mainly originated in synapses and were transferred to microglia. The upregulation of Rab7 and Rab10 in microglia interacting with injured MNs, indicated the activation of endocytosis. As activated microglia and synaptic boutons displayed positive C1q immunoreactivity, a complement‐mediated opsonization may also contribute to microglial‐mediated synaptic disruption. In addition to the relevance of our data in the context of neuroinflammation and MN disease, they should also be taken into account for understanding functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
Heat and mass transfer of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow over a wedge with thermal radiation and chemical reaction
Authors: Sulochana Chalavadi , Aparna S. R. , Sandeep Naramgari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA numerical computation to analyze the heat and mass transfer mechanism of a magnetohydrodynamic radiative Casson fluid flow over a wedge in the presence of Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction is carried out in this study. The flow‐governing partial differential equations are transformed as ordinary differential equations by relevant similarity transformations and subsequently resolved by Runge–Kutta numerical approach with a shooting technique. The characteristics of momentum, thermal, and concentration border layers due to various influencing parameters are graphically outlined and numerically computed by MATLAB software. We present comparative solutions to construe the relative outcomes of Casson fluid versus Newtonian fluid. Computational outcomes of friction factor and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated with suitable interpretations. An increase in skin friction values is noted due to an increment in the thermal Grashof number, whereas a decrease is observed due to the chemical reaction parameter. The Casson fluid displays a superior heat transfer mechanism than the Newtonian fluid. Obtained outcomes are in good agreement with the prevailing literature in the limiting case.
Seasonal connections between meteoric water and streamflow generation along a mountain headwater stream
Authors: Leuthold Sam J. , Ewing Stephanie A. , Payn Robert A. , Miller Florence R. , Custer Stephan G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn snowmelt‐driven mountain watersheds, the hydrologic connectivity between meteoric waters and stream flow generation varies strongly with the season, reflecting variable connection to soil and groundwater storage within the watershed. This variable connectivity regulates how streamflow generation mechanisms transform the seasonal and elevational variation in oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of meteoric precipitation. Thus, water isotopes in stream flow can signal immediate connectivity or more prolonged mixing, especially in high‐relief mountainous catchments. We characterized δ18O and δD values in stream water along an elevational gradient in a mountain headwater catchment in southwestern Montana. Stream water isotopic compositions related most strongly to elevation between February and March, exhibiting higher δ18O and δD values with decreasing elevation. These elevational isotopic lapse rates likely reflect increased connection between stream flow and proximal snow‐derived water sources heavily subject to elevational isotopic effects. These patterns disappeared during summer sampling, when consistently lower δ18O and δD values of stream water reflected contributions from snowmelt or colder rainfall, despite much higher δ18O and δD values expected in warmer seasonal rainfall. The consistently low isotopic values and absence of a trend with elevation during summer suggest lower connectivity between summer precipitation and stream flow generation as a consequence of drier soils and greater transpiration. As further evidence of intermittent seasonal connectivity between the stream and adjacent groundwaters, we observed a late‐winter flush of nitrate into the stream at higher elevations, consistent with increased connection to accumulating mineralized nitrogen in riparian wetlands. This pattern was distinct from mid‐summer patterns of nitrate loading at lower elevations that suggested heightened human recreational activity along the stream corridor. These observations provide insights linking stream flow generation and seasonal water storage in high elevation mountainous watersheds. Greater understanding of the connections between surface water, soil water and groundwater in these environments will help predict how the quality and quantity of mountain runoff will respond to changing climate and allow better informed water management decisions.
Long‐term research catchments to investigate shrub encroachment in the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts: Santa Rita and Jornada experimental ranges
Authors: Vivoni Enrique R. , Pérez‐Ruiz Eli R. , Keller Zachary T. , Escoto Eric A. , Templeton Ryan C. , Templeton Nolie P. , Anderson Cody A. , Schreiner‐McGraw Adam P. , Méndez‐Barroso Luis A. , Robles‐Morua Agustin , Scott Russell L. , Archer Steven R. , Peters Debra P. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWoody plant encroachment is a global phenomenon whereby shrubs or trees replace grasses. The hydrological consequences of this ecological shift are of broad interest in ecohydrology, yet little is known of how plant and intercanopy patch dynamics, distributions, and connectivity influence catchment‐scale responses. To address this gap, we established research catchments in the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts (near Green Valley, Arizona and near Las Cruces, New Mexico, respectively) that represent shrub encroachment in contrasting arid climates. Our main goals in the coordinated observations were to: (a) independently measure the components of the catchment water balance, (b) deploy sensors to quantify the spatial patterns of ecohydrological processes, (c) use novel methods for characterizing catchment properties, and (d) assess shrub encroachment impacts on ecohydrological processes through modelling studies. Datasets on meteorological variables; energy, radiation, and CO2 fluxes; evapotranspiration; soil moisture and temperature; and runoff at various scales now extend to nearly 10 years of observations at each site, including both wet and dry periods. Here, we provide a brief overview of data collection efforts and offer suggestions for how the coordinated datasets can be exploited for ecohydrological inferences and modelling studies. Given the representative nature of the catchments, the available databases can be used to generalize findings to other catchments in desert landscapes.