bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the skull in the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using radiography and 3D computed tomography
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Mara Aragão Macedo , Bete Stela Bonadia de Souza , Inamassu Letícia Rocha , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline , Schimming Bruno Cesar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) are the largest rodent found throughout South America and are present in almost all the Brazilian territory, however, still lack basic descriptions about the species, such as about their cranial anatomy. This study was carried out to investigate the anatomical features in the capybara skull. Eight skulls and two heads, without sexual distinction, were used for the osteological, radiographic and tomographic identification of their structures. The skull of the capybara could be divided into a neurocranium and a viscerocranium. The capybara had a more robust and rectangular skull, elongated face caudally, thinned in the nasal region and slightly convex in the parietal region. The zygomatic arch was expanded and wide, the orbit had a circular shape, the infraorbital foramen was well developed, external acoustic meatus and tympanic bulla were relatively small, and the paracondylar process was large. These anatomical characteristics are compatible with the eating habit and semi‐aquatic life of capybaras, which can be compared with characteristics reported for animals of similar habits. The radiographic image allowed to identify structures such as the frontal sinus, whereas 3D tomographic reconstruction was essential to have a spatial view of the skull of the capybara.
Consumer experiences of home care packages
Authors: Russell Sarah Joan , Siostrom Kristy , Edwards Iain , Srikanth Velandai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to explore consumers’ experiences of receiving a home care package (HCP).MethodsCommunity engagement was used to recruit older people approved for a HCP. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews, and data analysis identified themes.ResultsEffective consumer‐directed care depends on access to reliable information. Participants who reported satisfactory experiences had: (a) providers that charged reasonable fees; (b) case managers who delivered person‐centred care; (c) support workers who were consistently assigned to them; (d) a family member for support and advocacy; and (5) ongoing community engagement.ConclusionConsumer experience requires tighter regulation of providers and policy attention to fees and minimal standards of staff training. The policy of full cost recovery restricts consumers’ access to local government services.
Effects of hemodynamic conditions and valve sizing on leaflet bending stress in self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve: An in vitro study
Authors: Stanová Viktória , Zenses Anne‐Sophie , Thollon Lionel , Kadem Lyes , Barragan Paul , Rieu Régis , Pibarot Philippe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve (TAV) replacement has become a viable alternative to surgery for high and intermediate risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. This technology may extend to the younger and lower risk patients. In this population, long‐term durability of the TAV is key. Increased leaflet mechanical stress is one of the main determinants of valve structural deterioration. This in vitro study aims at evaluating leaflet bending stress (LBS) in the self‐expanding TAV for different valve sizes, stroke volumes (SV), and degrees of valve oversizing (OS). Three different sizes (23, 26, and 29 mm) of CoreValve (CV) were tested on a pulse duplicator in annulus size ranging from 17 to 26 mm. Leaflet bending stress and bending of the leaflet coaptation line in diastole pinwheeling index (PI) were measured using high‐speed camera imaging (1000 images/s). For each given CV and annulus size, geometric orifice area (GOA) increased significantly with OS (P < .001) and SV (P = .001). LBS decreased with increasing prosthesis size and aortic annulus (AA) size while increasing with SV (P < .03). The largest value of peak LBS (3.79 MPa) was obtained with the CV 23 mm in AA of 17 mm (%OS = 35%), SV 90 mL and the smallest value (0.99 MPa) for the CV 29 mm in AA of 26 mm (%OS = 12%), SV 30 mL. On multivariable analysis, LBS increased independently with larger OS, smaller AA size and higher SV. The PI increased with decreasing AA size and increasing OS. Moderate valve OS, such as generally used for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, is associated with increased LBS during valve opening and closing, especially in small annuli. Hence, TAV OS may negatively impact long‐term valve durability.
High prevalence of myopia in children and their parents in Hong Kong Chinese Population: the Hong Kong Children Eye Study
Authors: Yam Jason C. , Tang Shu Min , Kam Ka Wai , Chen Li Jia , Yu Marco , Law Antony K. , Yip Benjamin H. , Wang Yu Meng , Cheung Carol Y. L. , Ng Danny S.C. , Young Alvin L. , Tham Clement C. , Pang Chi Pui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the myopia prevalence in Hong Kong Chinese children and their parents.MethodsIt was a population‐based cross‐sectional study. A total of 4257 children aged 6–8 years, and 5880 parents were recruited in the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Cycloplegic autorefraction was measured for children; and non‐cycloplegic autorefraction for parents. Parental educational level, children's outdoor time, and near work were collected by validated questionnaires.ResultsIn children aged 6–8 years, 25.0% were myopic, and among them, 12.7% for the 6‐year‐olds, 24.4% for the 7‐year‐olds and 36.1% for the 8‐year‐old. About 0.7% of children aged 8 years were high myopia. In all age groups, boys (their myopia rate: 13.9% at 6 years, 26.7% at 7 years, and 38.3% at 8 years) were more myopic than girls (11.3% at 6 years, 22.0% at 7 years, 33.4% at 8 years). Among parents, 72.2% were myopic (mother, 73.2%; father, 70.7%) and 13.5% high myopia (mother, 12.8%; father, 14.5%). It was observed that prevalence decreased with ages and increased with education level.ConclusionThere is a strikingly high prevalence of myopia in Hong Kong children aged 6–8, much higher than that of other regions of China. Of note, the prevalence of children was similar to that in 15 years ago. Furthermore, the myopia prevalence of parents is high, and it had already increased in this cohort. Prevention of childhood myopia is important, likewise for visual complications from high myopia in adults.
Automated classification of normal and Stargardt disease optical coherence tomography images using deep learning
Authors: Shah Mital , Roomans Ledo Ana , Rittscher Jens 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeRecent advances in deep learning have seen an increase in its application to automated image analysis in ophthalmology for conditions with a high prevalence. We wanted to identify whether deep learning could be used for the automated classification of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from patients with Stargardt disease (STGD) using a smaller dataset than traditionally used.MethodsSixty participants with STGD and 33 participants with a normal retinal OCT were selected, and a single OCT scan containing the centre of the fovea was selected as the input data. Two approaches were used: Model 1 – a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN); Model 2 – a new CNN architecture. Both models were evaluated on their accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Jaccard similarity score (JSS).ResultsAbout 102 OCT scans from participants with a normal retinal OCT and 647 OCT scans from participants with STGD were selected. The highest results were achieved when both models were implemented as a binary classifier: Model 1 – accuracy 99.6%, sensitivity 99.8%, specificity 98.0% and JSS 0.990; Model 2 – accuracy 97.9%, sensitivity 97.9%, specificity 98.0% and JSS 0.976.ConclusionThe deep learning classification models used in this study were able to achieve high accuracy despite using a smaller dataset than traditionally used and are effective in differentiating between normal OCT scans and those from patients with STGD. This preliminary study provides promising results for the application of deep learning to classify OCT images from patients with inherited retinal diseases.
Corporate culture, ethical stimulus, and managerial momentum: Theory and evidence
Authors: Smimou K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch on organizational culture and ethical decision making has shown that ethical trainings predict and interact with other institutional variables to establish an ethical culture, while other studies suggest that the exposition of moral symbols leads to an increase of individuals' moral awareness. This study examines whether the relation between managerial momentum and fund performance is contingent upon ethical stimuli, team composition and interactions between them. It thus bestows insights to better inform institutional investors (including those working with mutual funds, pension funds, and insurance) about the nature and impact of ethical stimuli, when coupled with managers' momentum and team size, on the prediction of overall return of managed funds. I develop a new measure of managers' momentum termed “managerial momentum” and test our proposed theory and hypotheses using large samples of U.S. and Canadian mutual funds. The evidence reveals that there is sizeable positive effect of both corporate culture with its ethical dimensions and ethical stimulus on the fund performance. Furthermore, there is subtle evidence that both factors divulge additional information about the fund performance, but their effects are conditional on higher managerial momentum or team size, suggesting that managerial momentum alone is not sufficient. However, it is necessary to have the institutional ethical climate and/or managers' continuous ethical training to achieve viable and resilient investment opportunities tailored to the needs of different clienteles.
An evaluation of the anti‐hyperalgesic effects of cannabidiolic acid‐methyl ester in a preclinical model of peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Zhu Yong Fang , Linher‐Melville Katja , Niazmand Mohammad Javad , Sharma Manu , Shahid Ayesha , Zhu Kan Lun , Parzei Natalka , Sidhu Jesse , Haj Christeene , Mechoulam Raphael , Singh Gurmit 
Published: January 2020

Background and PurposeChronic neuropathic pain (NEP) is associated with growing therapeutic cannabis use. To promote quality of life without psychotropic effects, cannabinoids other than Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabidiol, including cannabidiol and its precursor cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), are being evaluated. Due to its instability, CBDA has been understudied, particularly as an anti‐nociceptive agent. Adding a methyl ester group (CBDA‐ME) significantly enhances its stability, facilitating analyses of its analgesic effects in vivo. This study examines early treatment efficacy of CBDA‐ME in a rat model of peripherally induced NEP and evaluates sex as a biological variable.Experimental ApproachAfter 14 consecutive days of intraperitoneal CBDA‐ME administration at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg·kg−1, commencing 1 day after surgically implanting a sciatic nerve‐constricting cuff to induce NEP, the anti‐nociceptive efficacy of this cannabinoid was assessed in male and female Sprague–Dawley rats relative to vehicle‐treated counterparts. In females, 2 and 4 μg·kg−1 daily doses of CBDA‐ME were also evaluated. Behavioural tests were performed for hind paw mechanical and thermal withdrawal thresholds once a week for 8 weeks. At endpoint, in vivo electrophysiological recordings were obtained to characterize soma threshold changes in primary sensory neurons.Key ResultsIn males, CBDA‐ME elicited a significant concentration‐dependent chronic anti‐hyperalgesic effect, also influencing both nociceptive and non‐nociceptive mechanoreceptors, which were not observed in females at any of the concentrations tested.Conclusion and ImplicationsInitiating treatment of a peripheral nerve injury with CBDA‐ME at an early stage post‐surgery provides anti‐nociception in males, warranting further investigation into potential sexual dimorphisms underlying this response.
Tumor‐infiltrating M2 macrophage in pretreatment biopsy sample predicts response to chemotherapy and survival in esophageal cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Kei , Makino Tomoki , Sato Eiichi , Noma Toshiki , Urakawa Shinya , Takeoka Tomohira , Yamashita Kotaro , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro , Wada Hisashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe association between the tumor microenvironment (TME) and treatment response or survival has been a recent focus in several types of cancer. However, most study materials are resected specimens that were completely modified by prior chemotherapy; therefore, the unmodified host immune condition has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between TME assessed in pre–therapeutic biopsy samples and chemoresistance in esophageal cancer (EC). A total of 86 endoscopic biopsy samples from EC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to surgery were evaluated for the number of intratumoral CD4+ lymphocytes (with/without Foxp3 expression), CD8+ lymphocytes (with/without PD‐1 expression), monocytes (CD14+) and macrophages (CD86+, CD163+ and CD206+) by multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC). The number of tumor‐infiltrating CD206+ macrophages I significantly correlated with cT, cM, cStage and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), whereas the number of lymphocytes (including expression of Foxp3 and PD‐1) was not associated with clinico‐pathological features. The high infiltration of CD163+ or CD206+ macrophages was significantly associated with poor pathological response to NAC (P = 0.0057 and 0.0196, respectively). Expression of arginase‐1 in CD163+ macrophages tended to be higher in non–responders (29.4% vs 18.2%, P = 0.17). In addition, patients with high infiltration of M2 macrophages exhibited unfavorable overall survival compared to those without high infiltration of M2 macrophages (5‐year overall survival 57.2% vs 71.0%, P = 0.0498). Thus, a comprehensive analysis of TME using multiplex IHC revealed that M2 macrophage infiltration would be useful in predicting the response to NAC and long‐term survival in EC patients.
Zirconia implants restored with single crowns or fixed dental prostheses: 5‐year results of a prospective cohort investigation
Authors: Balmer Marc , Spies Benedikt C. , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim , Hämmerle Christoph Hans‐Franz , Vach Kirstin , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of one‐piece zirconia implants restored with single crowns (SCs) or fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) over an observation period of 5 years in function.Materials and methodsIn a prospective cohort investigation with two investigational centers, one‐piece zirconia implants were placed in anterior and posterior sites. After a healing period of at least 2 months in the mandible and 4 months in the maxilla with immediate provisional reconstructions, the final all‐ceramic SCs or three‐unit FDPs were cemented. Patients were followed for 5 years. Clinical parameters and radiological measurements of the implants and the neighboring teeth were assessed. For the statistical analysis, linear mixed models were applied.ResultsA total of 71 implants were placed in 60 patients. Sixty‐three implants in 53 patients could be evaluated at the 5‐year follow‐up. Six patients with a total of seven implants were counted as dropouts. One implant did not achieve adequate osseointegration and had to be removed 5 weeks after implantation. The 5‐year survival rate was calculated as 98.4% (95% CI 91.6, 99.9). The mean overall marginal bone loss from implant placement to the 5‐year follow‐up was 0.7 ± 0.6 mm. After an initial mean marginal loss before loading the implants (0.7 mm), no further statistically significant change in marginal bone level (p = .458) could be observed.ConclusionThe investigated one‐piece zirconia implant showed a high survival rate, very stable marginal bone, and mucosal margin levels after 5 years in function. Therefore, it can be considered safe and reliable for the reconstruction of implant‐supported SCs or FDPs over a mid‐term period.
Familiarity‐Matching: An Ecologically Rational Heuristic for the Relationships‐Comparison Task
Authors: Shirasuna Masaru , Honda Hidehito , Matsuka Toshihiko , Ueda Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that people often use heuristics in making inferences and that subjective memory experiences, such as recognition or familiarity of objects, can be valid cues for inferences. So far, many researchers have used the binary choice task in which two objects are presented as alternatives (e.g., “Which city has the larger population, city A or city B?”). However, objects can be presented not only as alternatives but also in a question (e.g., “Which country is city X in, country A or country B?”). In such a situation, people can make inferences based on the relationship between the object in the question and each object given as an alternative. In the present study, we call this type of task a “relationships‐comparison task.” We modeled the three inference strategies that people could apply to solve it (familiarity‐matching [FM; a new heuristic we propose in this study], familiarity heuristic [FH], and knowledge‐based inference [KI]) to examine people's inference processes. Through Studies 1, 2, and 3, we found that (a) people tended to rely on heuristics, and that FM (inferences based on similarity in familiarity between objects) well explained participants' inference patterns; (b) FM could work as an ecologically rational strategy for the relationships–comparison task since it could effectively reflect environmental structures, and that the use of FM could be highly replicable and robust; and (c) people could sometimes use a decision strategy like FM, even in their daily lives (consumer behaviors). The nature of the relationships–comparison task and human cognitive processes is discussed.
The Progression of Regenerative Medicine and its Impact on Therapy Translation
Authors: Jacques Erik , Suuronen Erik J. 
Published: January 2020

Despite regenerative medicine (RM) being one of the hottest topics in biotechnology for the past 3 decades, it is generally acknowledged that the field’s performance at the bedside has been somewhat disappointing. This may be linked to the novelty of these technologies and their disruptive nature, which has brought an increasing level of complexity to translation. Therefore, we look at how the historical development of the RM field has changed the translational strategy. Specifically, we explore how the pursuit of such novel regenerative therapies has changed the way experts aim to translate their ideas into clinical applications, and then identify areas that need to be corrected or reinforced in order for these therapies to eventually be incorporated into the standard‐of‐care. This is then linked to a discussion of the preclinical and postclinical challenges remaining today, which offer insights that can contribute to the future progression of RM.
Impact of SLCO1B1 Genetic Variation on Rosuvastatin Systemic Exposure in Pediatric Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Wagner Jonathan B. , Abdel‐Rahman Susan , Gaedigk Andrea , Gaedigk Roger , Raghuveer Geetha , Staggs Vincent S. , Van Haandel Leon , Leeder J. Steven 
Published: January 2020

This study investigated the impact of SLCO1B1 genotype on rosuvastatin systemic exposure in hypercholesterolemic children and adolescents. Participants (8–21 years) with at least one allelic variant of SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (521TC, n = 13; 521CC, n = 2) and wild type controls (521TT, n = 13) completed a single oral dose pharmacokinetic study. The variability contributed by SLCO1B1 c.521 sequence variation to rosuvastatin (RVA) systemic exposure among our pediatric cohort was comparable to previous studies in adults. RVA concentration‐time curve from 0–24 hours (AUC0–24) was 1.4‐fold and 2.2‐fold higher in participants with c.521TC and c.521CC genotype compared 521TT participants, respectively. Interindividual variability of RVA exposure within SLCO1B1 genotype groups exceeded the ~ 1.5‐fold to 2‐fold difference in mean RVA exposure observed among SLCO1B1 genotype groups, suggesting that other factors also contribute to interindividual variability in the rosuvastatin dose‐exposure relationship. A multivariate model performed confirmed SLCO1B1 c.521T>C genotype as the primary factor contributing to RVA systemic exposure in this pediatric cohort, accounting for ~ 30% of the variability RVA AUC0–24. However, of the statins investigated to date in the pediatric population, RVA has the lowest magnitude of variability in systemic exposure.
Two‐year‐old children preferentially transmit simple actions but not pedagogically demonstrated actions
Authors: Bazhydai Marina , Silverstein Priya , Parise Eugenio , Westermann Gert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChildren are sensitive to both social and non‐social aspects of the learning environment. Among social cues, pedagogical communication has been shown to not only play a role in children's learning, but also in their own active transmission of knowledge. Vredenburgh, Kushnir and Casasola, Developmental Science, 2015, 18, 645 showed that 2‐year‐olds are more likely to demonstrate an action to a naive adult after learning it in a pedagogical than in a non‐pedagogical context. This finding was interpreted as evidence that pedagogically transmitted information has a special status as culturally relevant. Here we test the limits of this claim by setting it in contrast with an explanation in which the relevance of information is the outcome of multiple interacting social (e.g., pedagogical demonstration) and non‐social properties (e.g., action complexity). To test these competing hypotheses, we varied both pedagogical cues and action complexity in an information transmission paradigm with 2‐year‐old children. In Experiment 1, children preferentially transmitted simple non‐pedagogically demonstrated actions over pedagogically demonstrated more complex actions. In Experiment 2, when both actions were matched for complexity, we found no evidence of preferential transmission of pedagogically demonstrated actions. We discuss possible reasons for the discrepancy between our results and previous literature showing an effect of pedagogical cues on cultural transmission, and conclude that our results are compatible with the view that pedagogical and other cues interact, but incompatible with the theory of a privileged role for pedagogical cues.