bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leapfrogging at work: influencing higher levels in the chain of command
Authors: Segrest Sharon L. , Andrews Martha C. , Geiger Scott W. , Marlin Dan , Martinez Patricia G. , Perrewé Pamela L. , Ferris Gerald R. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeActs of interpersonal influence are observed throughout organizations, and most typically, in direct supervisor–subordinate relationships. However, researchers have focused less on subordinates bypassing the chain of command and targeting their supervisor's supervisor with influence attempts. We conceptualize a new term, “leapfrogging,” as subordinates' attempts to influence and manage the impressions of their supervisor's supervisor. Here we focus on influencing the target's perception of likability (the focus of ingratiation) and competence (the focus of self-promotion). This study focuses on its personal and situational antecedents.Design/methodology/approachGiven the central role of social exchange and psychological processes within this phenomenon, we build on a social exchange and a social cognition approach. Using a sample of 131 university support personnel service employees, hierarchical regression is used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe following antecedents of leapfrogging are hypothesized and tested: the subordinate personal characteristics of Machiavellianism, need for achievement, and fear of negative evaluation, and the situational/relational characteristic of leader–member exchange (LMX). Of these potential antecedents, subordinate Machiavellianism and LMX were the strongest predictors, and subordinates' need for achievement and fear of negative evaluation were moderate predictors.Practical implicationsLeapfrogging occurs when actors are frustrated with their current situation and desire change. However, influence tactics aimed at a subordinate's supervisor's supervisor may further strain a low-quality leader–subordinate relationship. As actors become increasingly dissatisfied and leave, this may result in increased organizational costs related to the loss of experienced employees and the hiring and training of new ones.Originality/valueMost upward influence research has largely ignored subordinate influence attempts that go outside of the normal chain of command and target their boss's boss. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by examining leapfrog behaviors. Although acknowledged in a limited manner as a legitimate organizational behavior, this topic has received virtually no empirical attention.
Time-dependent collapse potential of unsaturated collapsible gypseous soils
Authors: Fattah Mohammed Y. , Dawood Basma A. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aims to predict the volume changes and collapse potential (CP) associated with the changes in soil suction by using the pressure cell and the effect of initial load on soil suction. Three types of gypseous soils have been experimented in this study, sandy gypseous soil from different parts of Iraq. A series of collapse tests were carried out using the oedometer device [single oedometer test (SOT) and double oedometer test (DOT)]. In addition, large-scale model with soil dimensions 700 × 700 × 600 mm was used to show the effect of water content changes in different relations (collapse with time, stress with time, suction with time, etc.).Design/methodology/approachA series of collapse tests were carried out using the oedometer device (SOT and DOT). In addition, a large-scale model with soil dimensions 700 × 700 × 600 mm was used to show the effect of water content changes in different relations (collapse with time, stress with time, suction with time, etc.).FindingsThe CP increases with the increasing of the void ratio for each soil. For each soil, the CP decreased when the initial degree of saturation increased. Kerbala soil with gypsum content (30%) revealed collapse value higher than Tikrit soil with gypsum content (55%) under the same initial conditions of water content and density, this is because the higher the Cu value of Kerbala soil is, the more well-graded the soil will be. Upon wetting, the smaller particles or fractions of the well-graded soil tend to fill in the existing voids, resulting in a lower void ratio as compared to the poorly graded one. Consequently, soils with high Cu value tend to collapse more than poorly graded ones. The compressibility of the soil is low when loaded under unsaturated condition, the CP for samples tested in the DOTs under stress level 800 kPa are greater than those obtained from collapse test at a stress level of 200 kPa.Originality/valueThe initial value of suction for all soils increases with initial water content decreases.
Raman‐activated sorting of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in human gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu Jiabao , Kong Lingchao , Li Bei , Li Hang , Huang Wei E. , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARGs) in human gut microbiota have significant impact on human health. While high throughput metagenomic sequencing reveals genotypes of microbial communities, the functionality, phenotype and heterogeneity of human gut microbiota are still elusive. In this study, we applied Raman microscopy and deuterium isotope probing (Raman–DIP) to detect metabolic active ARB (MA‐ARB) in situ at the single‐cell level in human gut microbiota from two healthy adults. We analysed the relative abundances of MA‐ARB under different concentrations of amoxicillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, florfenicol and vancomycin. To establish the link between phenotypes and genotypes of the MA‐ARB, Raman‐activated cell sorting (RACS) was used to sort MA‐ARB from human gut microbiota, and mini‐metagenomic DNA of the sorted bacteria was amplified, sequenced and analysed. The sorted MA‐ARB and their associated ARGs were identified. Our results suggest a strong relation between ARB in human gut microbiota and personal medical history. This study demonstrates that the toolkit of Raman–DIP, RACS and DNA sequencing can be useful to unravel both phenotypes and genotypes of ARB in human gut microbiota at the single‐cell level.
Tissue age, orchard location and disease management influence the composition of fungal and bacterial communities present on the bark of apple trees
Authors: Arrigoni Elena , Albanese Davide , Longa Claudia Maria Oliveira , Angeli Dario , Donati Claudio , Ioriatti Claudio , Pertot Ilaria , Perazzolli Michele 
Published: March 2020

SummaryPlants host microbial communities that can be affected by environmental conditions and agronomic practices. Despite the role of bark as a reservoir of plant pathogens and beneficial microorganisms, no information is available on the effects of disease management on the taxonomic composition of the bark‐associated communities of apple trees. We assessed the impact of disease management strategies on fungal and bacterial communities on the bark of a scab‐resistant apple cultivar in two orchard locations and for two consecutive seasons. The amplicon sequencing revealed that bark age and orchard location strongly affected fungal and bacterial diversity. Microbiota dissimilarity between orchards evolved during the growing season and showed specific temporal series for fungal and bacterial populations in old and young bark. Disease management did not induce global changes in the microbial populations across locations and seasons, but specifically affected the abundance of some taxa according to bark age, orchard location and sampling time. Therefore, the disease management applied to scab‐resistant cultivars, which is based on a limited use of fungicides, partially changed the taxonomic composition of bark‐associated fungal and bacterial communities, suggesting the need for a more accurate risk assessment regarding possible pathogen outbreaks.
Tree species identity and forest composition affect the number of oak processionary moth captured in pheromone traps and the intensity of larval defoliation
Authors: Damestoy Thomas , Jactel Hervé , Belouard Thierry , Schmuck Hubert , Plomion Christophe , Castagneyrol Bastien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPure forests are often seen as being more prone to damage by specialist pest insects than mixed forests, and particularly mixed forests associating host and nonhost species. We addressed the effect of tree diversity on oak colonization and defoliation by a major specialist pest, the oak processionary moth (OPM)
We quantified the number of male OPM moths captured and larval defoliation in pure stands of two oak host species (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) and in mixed stands associating the two oak species or each oak species with another nonhost broadleaved species. We conducted two complementary studies to test the effect of host species and stand composition: (i) we used pheromone trapping to compare the number of males OPM captured throughout the distribution of oak hosts in France and (ii) we noted the presence of OPM nests and estimated defoliation in mature forests of north‐eastern France.
Oak species and stand composition significantly influenced the number of male OPM captured and defoliation by OPM larvae. Quercus petraea was consistently more attractive to and more defoliated by OPM than Q. robur. Both oak trees were attacked more in pure stands than in mixed stands, in particular mixed stands associating oaks with another (nonhost) broadleaved species.
The results of the present study support the view that mixed forests are more resistant to specialist pest insects than pure stands, and also indicate that this trend depends on forest composition. Our study provides new insights into OPM ecology and has potential implications for forest management, including the management of urban forests where OPM causes serious human health issues.
Impact of sperm characteristics on time‐lapse embryo morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcome of conventional in vitro fertilization
Authors: Nikolova Stefka , Parvanov Dimitar , Georgieva Vilyana , Ivanova Ivka , Ganeva Rumiana , Stamenov Georgi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSperm abnormalities may negatively affect embryo development.ObjectivesTo determine the influence of sperm abnormalities (morphology, motility, DNA fragmentation) on embryo morphokinetic variables and clinical outcome of conventional IVF.Materials and methodsParticipants were 86 couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Sperm morphology was evaluated according to the strict criteria proposed by Kruger/Tygerberg. CASA system was applied for sperm motility assessment. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed by the chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Morphokinetic parameters were determined in 223 embryos obtained from conventional IVF only and cultured in a single‐step medium using time‐lapse imaging technology.ResultsTime‐lapse variables from the initial embryo development, such as time of pronuclei fading (tPNf) and time for two cells (t2), were those more strongly related with abnormalities of sperm motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation. Sperm morphological abnormalities rather than sperm motility were more closely associated with embryo morphokinetics. Sperm head defects were mainly correlated with the last stages of embryonic development (t9 to tHB), sperm midpiece defects with intermediate cleaving embryos (t5‐t9), and sperm tail defects with the initial stages of embryonic development (tPNa‐t4). Excess residual cytoplasm was positively correlated with all embryo morphokinetic parameters except t2 and tM. Absence of acrosomes, pinheads, coiled tails, and multiple sperm morphological defects correlated negatively with time‐lapse embryo morphokinetic variables.DiscussionA large number of sperm‐related variables, including frequency of specific morphological defects, morphological indexes, DNA fragmentation and motility, and time‐lapse embryo variables, such as time intervals based mainly of 15 time points were recorded.ConclusionThere were strong associations between specific sperm defects of the head, midpiece, and tail with certain stages of embryonic development from observation of pronuclei to the hatched blastocyst. Coiled tail, cumulative head defects, and multiple abnormalities index (MAI) were associated both with embryo morphokinetics and the implantation success.
High prevalence of older Australians with one or more joint replacements: estimating the population at risk for late complications of arthroplasty
Authors: Manning Laurens , Davis Joshua S. , Robinson Owen , Clark Ben , Lorimer Michelle , de Steiger Richard , Graves Stephen E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo provide an estimate of the population at risk for late complications of arthroplasty, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Australians living with one or more joint replacements.MethodsData included all arthroplasty procedures performed in Australia from 2003 to 2016 recorded by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. The age‐ and gender‐specific Australian population was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and used as denominator data. Survival data for each joint replacement, and of individuals, were used to estimate the arthroplasty prevalence. Analyses by age, gender and joint replacement site were undertaken. Prevalence estimates were augmented with procedural data captured before 2003 modelled with assumptions accounting for age and gender distributions, overall survival and arthroplasty revision rates.ResultsBy the end of 2016, there were 824 769 Australians living with at least one joint replacement, representing 3.4% of the total population. The prevalence of joint replacement is increasing in all age groups, but was highest amongst older Australians, with an overall prevalence of 22.5%, and 13.3% in those aged >85 years and 65–84 years, respectively. The prevalence of people living with multiple joint replacements is increasing more rapidly than patients who have undergone only one joint replacement procedure.ConclusionThe prevalence of older Australians living with joint replacements is rapidly increasing, providing an estimate of the population‐at‐risk for late complications of arthroplasty including peri‐prosthetic infection and fracture.
Association between arterial hypertension and depressive symptoms: Results from population‐based surveys in Peru
Authors: Villarreal‐Zegarra David , Bernabe‐Ortiz Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionApproximately 350 million people have depression. The presence of arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for mental health. However, several studies on the association between arterial hypertension and depressive symptoms present controversial evidence. We aimed at identifying whether there is an association between arterial hypertension and depressive symptoms, taking into account the time since hypertension diagnosis.MethodsA secondary analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey in Peru (2014‐2016) was conducted. The outcome was depressive symptoms, while hypertension and time since hypertension diagnosis were the exposure of interest. Poisson regression models were created, reporting prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsData from 87 253 participants were analyzed. A total of 2633 (3.0%; 95% CI: 2.8%‐3.2%) individuals had depressive symptoms, whereas hypertension was present in 15 681 (19.6%; 95% CI: 19.1%‐20.1%) subjects. In the multivariable model, people with less than a year since diagnosis were more than twice as likely to have depressive symptoms (PR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.65‐2.63) compared to the group of people without hypertension. This probability decreased for individuals with 1 to 4 years since diagnosis (PR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.13‐1.80), and for people with ≥5 years since diagnosis (PR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.01‐1.64).ConclusionsThere is an association between hypertension and depressive symptoms, but this varies depending on time since diagnosis. Thus, individuals with <1 year since diagnosis had the highest probability of having depressive symptoms; after that, that probability decreased as the time since diagnosis increased.
The consequences of employees’ perceived corporate social responsibility: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yanling , Xu Shan , Wang Yanxia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews the relationship between employees’ perceived CSR and its dimensions and work outcomes, and explores the moderating effects of the samples’ demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age), and national culture, based on a meta‐analysis of 65 studies from 67 samples. Results show that perceived CSR and its dimensions are positively related to employees’ positive attitudes and behaviours, and negatively related to their negative attitudes and behaviours. The results also partially support the moderating effects of the samples’ demographic characteristics in terms of age and gender, and national culture. This study supplements existing theoretical review articles, and further confirms the psychological effects of perceived CSR. In addition, the results further confirm the rationality of CSR practices and provide suggestions for enterprises to better use CSR strategies to motivate their employees.
Developing young children’s empathic perception through digitally mediated interpersonal experience: Principles for a hybrid design of empathy games
Authors: Wu Ling , Kim Minkang , Markauskaite Lina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is an emerging concern that modern technology‐saturated environments, particularly computer games, are inhibiting the development of children’s empathic behaviour and social skills. We argue that the solution is embedded in the problem when hybrid learning design blends real‐life social interpersonal interactions with digital representations. We present theory‐informed design principles for creating tablet games with a focus on promoting empathic perception—a building block for the ability to see, sense and understand other’s internal states. Based on these principles, the gameEmpathy Worldwas developed and trialled in a naturalistic three‐month study in an early childhood education setting. Children learned to perceive empathy‐worthy cues in various scenes and interacted with the tablet game to further their perspective‐taking and to associate emotions with social contexts. The findings from this study show an increase in the selective tendency of children’s in‐game perception of empathy‐worthy stimuli and enhanced empathic concern. We argue that future design for learning can utilise the strengths of hybrid design for social development at a larger scale: integrating theoretically informed and rigorously tested digital tools in existing educational and social environments.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topicResearch has examined various developmental benefits of empathy and shown that empathy can be learnt.Digital games can be productive, easy to scale, tools that support learning.Sound design, based on theory‐informed principles, can improve the effectiveness of digital learning games.What this paper addsIt synthesises theories and research evidence of empathy and its development.It shows how empathy‐related theoretical ideas and evidence were translated into hybrid design principles for developing empathy games and embedding them into children’s social learning environment.It illustrates how theory‐ and evidence‐informed design principles were used to create a digital game to enhance empathic learning of young children in a hybrid technology‐mediated environment.It explores and validates the effectiveness of a hybrid design approach by implementing the digital empathy game in children’s natural learning environment and analysing the data by capturing emerging patterns of development stemming from gameplay.Implications for practice and/or policyPre‐schools could enhance children's empathy learning by integrating specially designed empathy games in existing learning environments.Teachers and parents should be informed about how to create game‐mediated hybrid environments that enhance children’s empathy.
Pro‐inflammatory cytokines favor the emergence of ETV6‐RUNX1‐positive pre‐leukemic cells in a model of mesenchymal niche
Authors: Beneforti Linda , Dander Erica , Bresolin Silvia , Bueno Clara , Acunzo Denise , Bertagna Mayla , Ford Anthony , Gentner Bernhard , Kronnie Geertruy te , Vergani Patrizia , Menéndez Pablo , Biondi Andrea , D’Amico Giovanna , Palmi Chiara , Cazzaniga Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

SummaryETV6‐RUNX1 (E/R) fusion gene, arising in utero from translocation t(12;21)(p13:q22), is the most frequent alteration in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, E/R is insufficient to cause overt leukemia since it generates a clinically silent pre‐leukemic clone which persists in the bone marrow but fails to out‐compete normal progenitors. Conversely, pre‐leukemic cells show increased susceptibility to transformation following additional genetic insults. Infections/inflammation are the most accredited triggers for mutations accumulation and leukemic transformation in E/R+ pre‐leukemic cells. However, precisely how E/R and inflammation interact in promoting leukemia is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that IL6/TNFα/ILβ pro‐inflammatory cytokines cooperate with BM‐MSC in promoting the emergence of E/R+ Ba/F3 over their normal counterparts by differentially affecting their proliferation and survival. Moreover, IL6/TNFα/ILβ‐stimulated BM‐MSC strongly attract E/R+ Ba/F3 in a CXCR2‐dependent manner. Interestingly, E/R‐expressing human CD34+IL7R+ progenitors, a putative population for leukemia initiation during development, were preserved in the presence of BM‐MSC and IL6/TNFα/ILβ compared to their normal counterparts. Finally, the extent of DNA damage increases within the inflamed niche in both control and E/R‐expressing Ba/F3, potentially leading to transformation in the apoptosis‐resistant pre‐leukemic clone. Overall, our data provide new mechanistic insights into childhood ALL pathogenesis.
L’adoption et le suivi de la performance d’une mesure interministérielle : Le cas du Supplément à la prime au travail
Authors: Daigneault Pierre‐Marc , Macé Christian 
Published: March 2020

SommaireLa gestion horizontale pose des enjeux significatifs, en particulier en ce qui a trait au suivi et à l’évaluation de la performance des programmes publics. Cette étude de cas porte sur le Supplément à la prime au travail (SPT), une mesure sociofiscale de type interministériel, qui n’a fait l’objet d’aucune évaluation de sa performance depuis son introduction en 2008. À partir d’entretiens qualitatifs avec des acteurs publics, nous tentons d’expliquer pourquoi le SPT a pris la forme d’une mesure sociofiscale gérée par trois organisations publiques (ministère des Finances du Québec, Revenu Québec et le ministère du Travail, de l’Emploi et de la Solidarité sociale). Nous analysons ensuite les implications de cette horizontalité pour le suivi et l’évaluation de la performance de la mesure. Nous concluons à un décalage entre les responsabilités officielles et officieuses pour l’évaluation du SPT, et entre les intérêts des organisations impliquées dans l'évaluation.