bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Domain Structure and Realization of Ultralow Thermal Conductivity for Record‐High Thermoelectric Performance in Chalcopyrite
Authors: Zhang Jian , Huang Lulu , Zhu Chen , Zhou Chongjian , Jabar Bushra , Li Jimin , Zhu Xiaoguang , Wang Ling , Song Chunjun , Xin Hongxing , Li Di , Qin Xiaoying 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChalcopyrite compound CuGaTe2 is the focus of much research interest due to its high power factor. However, its high intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity seriously impedes the promotion of its thermoelectric performance. Here, it is shown that through alloying of isoelectronic elements In and Ag in CuGaTe2, a quinary alloy compound system Cu1−xAgxGa0.4In0.6Te2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) with complex nanosized strain domain structure is prepared. Due to strong phonon scattering mainly by this domain structure, thermal conductivity (at 300 K) drops from 6.1 W m−1 K−1 for the host compound to 1.5 W m−1 K−1 for the sample with x = 0.4. As a result, the optimized chalcopyrite sample Cu0.7Ag0.3Ga0.4In0.6Te2 presents an outstanding performance, with record‐high figure of merit (ZT) reaching 1.64 (at 873 K) and average ZT reaching 0.73 (between ≈300 and 873 K), which are ≈37 and ≈35% larger than the corresponding values for pristine CuGaTe2, respectively, demonstrating that such domain structure arising from isoelectronic multielement alloying in chalcopyrite compound can effectively suppress its thermal conductivity and elevate its thermoelectric performance remarkably.
A New Dip Coating Method Using Supporting Liquid for Forming Uniformly Thick Layers on Serpentine 3D Substrates
Authors: Lim Jongkyeong , Kim A‐Reum , Kim Seonghyeon , Lee Sangmin , Yoo Dongwoo , Park Jaechan , Kim Joonwon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDip coating has demonstrated great potential as a multimaterial coating method providing additional functions to substrates or producing a freestanding microscopic layer upon removal of the substrate. In dip coating, a liquid layer is applied on a substrate by dipping and withdrawing it from a liquid bath, and then curing the layer in air. Thus, manufacturing uniformly thick layers on serpentine 3D substrates is difficult due to the influence of gravity during the prolonged curing process, thus hindering the overall potential applications of this method. Herein, a new dip coating method is proposed to overcome the problems of the conventional method by using an immiscible, density‐matched, and interfacial‐tension‐minimized liquid phase, termed the supporting liquid. This new method is performed by dipping and oscillating a serpentine 3D substrate in a biphasic liquid bath with a small amount of prepolymer solution floating atop the supporting liquid. The prepolymer coating, immersed in the supporting liquid, is then cured. The effect of gravity on the prepolymer coating is eliminated by the buoyancy of the supporting liquid and Laplace pressure is weakened by the minimized interfacial tension. This study demonstrates that the new method can fabricate uniformly thick layers covering the entire surface of a serpentine 3D substrate and can be used during the generation of vascular replicas.
Progress Toward Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Toxicity of DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Messaoudi Sabrine , Greschner Andrea A. , Gauthier Marc A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDNA nanostructures are perfectly defined nanomaterials, and their shape/structure/surface chemistry (e.g., appended ligands) can be conveniently modulated by designing the sequence of their constituent DNA strands. No other natural or synthetic drug delivery system offers such predictability or modularity. As such, DNA nanostructures may provide exciting and potentially new opportunities for delivering drugs to diseased cell populations, or to specific sub‐cellular compartments. To date, however, most studies have been performed in cell culture and only recently has the field advanced to in vivo testing. Considering how rapidly the field is evolving, this Progress Report surveys available studies involving the testing of DNA nanostructures in vivo, in an effort to elucidate trends and provide guidelines for future developments. This contribution presents the current progress toward characterizing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity of DNA nanostructures.
Impact of PbI2 Passivation and Grain Size Engineering in CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Absorbers as Revealed by Carrier‐Resolved Photo‐Hall Technique
Authors: Euvrard Julie , Gunawan Oki , Mitzi David B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith power conversion efficiencies now exceeding 25%, hybrid perovskite solar cells require deeper understanding of defects and processing to further approach the Shockley‐Queisser limit. One approach for processing enhancement and defect reduction involves additive engineering—, e.g., addition of MASCN (MA = methylammonium) and excess PbI2 have been shown to modify film grain structure and improve performance. However, the underlying impact of these additives on transport and recombination properties remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, a newly developed carrier‐resolved photo‐Hall (CRPH) characterization technique is used that gives access to both majority and minority carrier properties within the same sample and over a wide range of illumination conditions. CRPH measurements on n‐type MAPbI3 films reveal an order of magnitude increase in carrier recombination lifetime and electron density for 5% excess PbI2 added to the precursor solution, with little change noted in electron and hole mobility values. Grain size variation (120–2100 nm) and MASCN addition induce no significant change in carrier‐related parameters considered, highlighting the benign nature of the grain boundaries and that excess PbI2 must predominantly passivate bulk defects rather than defects situated at grain boundaries. This study offers a unique picture of additive impact on MAPbI3 optoelectronic properties as elucidated by the new CRPH approach.
Modern water: A biocultural approach to water pollution at the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation
Authors: Schell Lawrence M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe goal of this article is to review a body of research around water contamination conducted in the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation between 1995 and 2016, place these findings in a biocultural context, and consider implications for a human biology of water.MethodsThis review draws on research projects conducted in partnership with the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation living along the St. Lawrence River as well as published research by others on water contamination at Akwesasne. Quantitative and qualitative methods including toxicological and epidemiological methods, surveys, and ethnographic studies are included.ResultsPollution of a river with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminated local fish, a major, traditional, food source. Following health advisories to avoid consuming local fish, consumption and PCB levels decreased. PCB levels were negatively associated with health outcomes. In adolescents, higher PCB levels were associated with advanced sexual maturation in females, reduced testosterone in males and reduced thyroxine levels in young adults. Avoiding fish consumption altered traditional dietary patterns and social interactions, generational transmission of knowledge, and relations between generations, all of which impacted cultural forms and may have added to the perceived injustices in this Native American community. Items substituted for fish may have contributed to increasing rates of obesity as well.ConclusionsWater pollution has immediate direct health consequences as well as cultural impacts related to changed food consumption and altered patterns of social interaction.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Newer Antiepileptic Drugs: A Randomized Trial for Dosage Adjustment
Authors: Aícua‐Rapún Irene , André Pascal , Rossetti Andrea O. , Ryvlin Philippe , Hottinger Andreas F. , Decosterd Laurent A. , Buclin Thierry , Novy Jan 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is widely established for older generation AEDs, whereas there is limited evidence about newer AEDs. Our aim is to assess the benefit of TDM of newer generation AEDs in epilepsy.MethodsWe performed a randomized, controlled trial comparing systematic with rescue TDM of lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, topiramate, brivaracetam, zonisamide, or pregabalin. Participants were adults with epilepsy, in whom treatment with newer generation AEDs was initiated or needed adjustment. In the systematic TDM arm, AED plasma levels were available at each appointment, whereas in the rescue TDM arm, levels were known only if a study endpoint was reached (inefficacy or adverse events). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants followed 1 year without reaching one of the predefined endpoints.ResultsA total of 151 participants were enrolled; global retention in the study was similar in both arms (56% overall, 58% in the systematic, and 53% in the rescue TDM arm,p= 0.6, Cox regression). There was no difference in terms of outcome regarding treatment efficacy or tolerability. Partial adherence of clinicians to TDM (adjusting or not AED dosage based on blood levels) did not explain this lack of benefit.InterpretationThis study provides class A evidence that systematic drug level monitoring of newer generation AEDs does not bring tangible benefits in the management of patients with epilepsy. Poor correlation between clinical effects and drug levels likely accounts for this finding. However, TDM is useful in several situations, such as pregnancy, as well as when there are compliance issues. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:22–29
Why Most Acute Stroke Studies Are Positive in Animals but Not in Patients: A Systematic Comparison of Preclinical, Early Phase, and Phase 3 Clinical Trials of Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Schmidt‐Pogoda Antje , Bonberg Nadine , Koecke Mailin Hannah Marie , Strecker Jan‐Kolja , Wellmann Jürgen , Bruckmann Nils‐Martin , Beuker Carolin , Schäbitz Wolf‐Rüdiger , Meuth Sven G. , Wiendl Heinz , Minnerup Heike , Minnerup Jens 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze why numerous acute stroke treatments were successful in the laboratory but failed in large clinical trials.MethodsWe searched all phase 3 trials of medical treatments for acute ischemic stroke and corresponding early clinical and experimental studies. We compared the overall efficacy and assessed the impact of publication bias and study design on the efficacy. Furthermore, we estimated power and true report probability of experimental studies.ResultsWe identified 50 phase 3 trials with 46,008 subjects, 75 early clinical trials with 12,391 subjects, and 209 experimental studies with >7,141 subjects. Three (6%) phase 3, 24 (32%) early clinical, and 143 (69.08%) experimental studies were positive. The mean treatment effect was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70–0.83) in experimental studies, 0.87 (95% CI = 0.71–1.06) in early clinical trials, and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.95–1.06) in phase 3 trials. Funnel plot asymmetry and trim‐and‐fill revealed a clear publication bias in experimental studies and early clinical trials. Study design and adherence to quality criteria had a considerable impact on estimated effect sizes. The mean power of experimental studies was 17%. Assuming a bias of 30% and pre‐study odds of 0.5 to 0.7, this leads to a true report probability of <50%.InterpretationPivotal study design differences between experimental studies and clinical trials, including different primary end points and time to treatment, publication bias, neglected quality criteria and low power, contribute to the stepwise efficacy decline of stroke treatments from experimental studies to phase 3 clinical trials. Even under conservative estimates, less than half of published positive experimental stroke studies are truly positive. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:40–51
TiO2‐PDVB Janus particles enhanced compatibility of titanium dioxide and recycled waste styrofoam
Authors: Chen Shuning , Ai Jie , Chen Jiawen , Lin Jianrong , Chen Qinhui 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPeople are always puzzled by “white pollution” in recent decade. Recycling of waste styrofoam as a coating is a good sustainable solution to resolve this problem. However, the poor compatibility between inorganic additives and polymer hinders the application of recycled polystyrene. In this article, anisotropic Janus particles were used to increase the compatibility of titanium dioxide/waste styrofoam coatings. SEM results show that Janus particles can be anchored at the interface between styrofoam and titanium dioxide, increasing the dispersion of titanium dioxide, and improving the compatibility of inorganic particles and organic polymer. The glass‐transition temperature of styrofoam coating increases from 77 °C to 89 °C in titanium dioxide/styrofoam contained 1 wt % of Janus particles, which certified that Janus particles have compatibilization on titanium dioxide/styrofoam coating. Attributing to this compatibilization, the tensile strength of titanium dioxide/styrofoam with 1 wt % of Janus particles rises about 45% compared with titanium dioxide/styrofoam. The yield stress, storage modulus, and viscosity of titanium dioxide/styrofoam contained 1 wt % of Janus particles are the smallest and the closest to Newtonian fluid. Janus particles used in the recycled styrofoam coating is benefit to expand the application of waste styrofoam and the new anisotropic Janus compatibilizer. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48691.
Extreme Anatomy: Gear for the Pioneer
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis special issue of The Anatomical Record explores extravagant adaptions that vertebrates have evolved from their base groups to survive in the most challenging environments. The special issue stems from a symposium entitled “Extreme Anatomy: Living beyond the edge,” which was held April 23, 2017, at the annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, (now called the American Association for Anatomy), in Chicago, IL. In part 1 of this issue, we encounter fossorial mammals and cave‐dwelling fish and salamanders that have reduced visual systems accompanied by a variety of mechanosensory adaptations. In rivers and seas, teeth may not suffice in the pursuit of prey: aquatic vertebrates are adorned with armor or weaponry or elaborate keratinous sieves. As vertebrates exploit a great diversity of niches, selection has favored a dizzying array of specialized sensory and locomotor adaptions for deep diving, rapid flight, and navigation through dark and complex settings. Each special adaptation, some seemingly quite “extreme” deviations from an original Bauplan, becomes a tool for a pioneer‐like diversification of vertebrates. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Manipulating 2D Few‐Layer Metal Sulfides as Anode Towards Enhanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lai Wei‐Hong , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Chou Shu‐Lei , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality anodes are very important for the future generations of rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Metal sulfides (MSs) as a promising anode have attract tremendous attentions and shown impressive results in terms of versatile material species, low‐cost raw materials, and excellent electrochemical performance. In particular, the unique 2D few‐layer structure of MSs provides a new view for overcoming some challenges appeared on anodic electrodes, such as volume change, structure collapse, high‐rate capability, and confinement of phase‐variation of MSs. Here, we review some of the recent scientific advances in 2D MSs, including the synthetic strategies, electronic structure, and electro‐chemical performance on SIBs.
Impact of chronic thrombocytopenia on in‐hospital outcomes and healthcare resource utilization after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Fugar Setri , Behnamfar Omid , Okoh Alexis K. , Alabre Alisha F. , Salia Soziema , Kosinski Mark , Mahmood Ali , Jolly Neeraj , Doukky Rami , Kavinsky Clifford J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is little data on the impact of chronic thrombocytopenia (CTP) on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve repair (TAVR). Most studies are from single centers and mostly focused on postprocedure thrombocytopenia.ObjectivesThis study sought to report on the impact of CTP (>1 year) on in‐hospital outcomes and healthcare resource utilization after TAVR.MethodsFrom the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2012 and 2015, we identified patients with CTP who underwent TAVR. A 1:1 propensity‐matched cohort was created to examine in‐hospital outcomes in patients with and without CTP. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included postprocedure complications, length of stay, total cost, and discharge disposition.ResultsA matched pair of 4,300 patients with and without CTP were identified. Patients with CTP had higher in‐hospital mortality as compared to no CTP patients (6.0 vs. 3.3%, p‐value .007), increased postprocedure hemorrhage, platelet and blood transfusion, vascular complications, postop sepsis, and acute kidney injury. With regards to resource utilization, CTP patients had a longer length of stay, higher total cost and were more likely to be discharged to a facility (34.1 vs. 27.6%) other than home (All, p‐value <.001). Subanalysis, however, revealed this difference in resource utilization was seen when patients developed postprocedure complications.ConclusionThis study demonstrated higher risk of in‐hospital mortality, perioperative complications, and healthcare resource utilization in patients with baseline CTP undergoing TAVR. Further studies are required to investigate ways to improve the management of these patients.
A systematic review of randomized trials comparing double versus triple antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Sullivan Alexander E. , Nanna Michael G. , Rao Sunil V. , Cantrell Sarah , Gibson C. Michael , Verheugt Freek W. A. , Peterson Eric D. , Lopes Renato D. , Alexander John H. , Granger Christopher B. , Yee Megan K. , Kong David F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrior randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the optimal antithrombotic therapies for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been powered to evaluate ischemic outcomes. We compared double therapy with oral anticoagulation (OAC) and a P2Y12 inhibitor to triple therapy with an OAC + dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with AF requiring PCI.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, we searched for RCTs including patients with AF as an indication for OAC and undergoing PCI or medical management of acute coronary syndrome. The results were pooled using fixed‐effects and random‐effects models to estimate the overall effect of double therapy versus triple therapy on ischemic and bleeding outcomes.ResultsWe identified four RCTs, comprising 10,238 patients (5,498 double therapy, 4,740 triple therapy). Trial‐reported major adverse cardiovascular events were similar between double therapy and triple therapy (fixed effect model OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.94–1.26). However, stent thrombosis (61/5,496 double therapy vs. 33/4738 triple therapy; fixed effect model OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.02–2.40; number needed to treat with triple therapy = 242) favored triple therapy. Bleeding outcomes were less frequent with double therapy (746/5470 vs. 950/4710; fixed effect model OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.53–0.65; number needed to harm with triple therapy = 16), but with significant heterogeneity (Q = 8.33, p = .04; I2 = 64%), as were intracranial hemorrhages (19/5470 vs. 30/4710; fixed effect model OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.96).ConclusionsDouble therapy in patients with AF requiring OAC following PCI or Acute coronary syndrome has a significantly better safety profile than triple therapy but may be associated with a modest increased risk of stent thrombosis.
Outcome predictors of patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest and immediate coronary angiography
Authors: Almalla Mohammad , Kersten Alexander , Altiok Ertunc , Burgmaier Mathias , Marx Nikolaus , Schröder Jörg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundOut of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is common and associated with low survival rates. Guidelines propose a fast work‐up after OHCA including coronary angiography (CA) but little is known about the actual outcome of those patients who undergo immediate CA after OHCA with suspected cardiac origin.AimThe aim of this retrospective single‐center study was to evaluate the short‐term outcomes and predictors of in‐hospital mortality in patients who underwent immediate CA after OHCA with suspected cardiac origin.MethodsWe included all consecutive patients with OHCA who underwent immediate CA between January 2011 and December 2015. We defined immediate CA after OHCA as angiography within 2 hr after admission.ResultsTwo hundred and nineteen consecutive patients with OHCA were included. Fifty six patients (26%) underwent CA without previous return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and with ongoing CPR using the LUCAS‐device. One hundred and forty nine patients (67%) died in hospital. Of the 56 patients with CA with ongoing CPR, 55 died and only 1 patient survived to hospital discharge. In a multivariate analysis, older age (OR = 2.03, 95%CI 1.35–3.03; p = .001), initial shockable rhythm (OR = 0.28, 95%CI 0.07–1.13; p = .076), CA with ongoing CPR (OR = 11.63, 95%CI 1.20–122.55; p = .035), and initial arterial pH (OR = 0.008, 95%CI 0.00–0.228; p < .005) remained as independent predictors for in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsIn this study older age, metabolic derangement on admission, initial nonshockable rhythm and failure to achieve ROSC before admission predicted in‐hospital mortality. While CA with ongoing CPR with the LUCAS‐device was feasible, mortality in patients without previous ROSC was extremely high, questioning whether this approach is medically useful.
Genome Editing with CRISPR‐Cas: An Overview
Authors: Robb G. Brett 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe understanding and application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) systems and CRISPR‐associated (Cas) nucleases have helped genome editing become a standard laboratory technique. CRISPR‐Cas nucleases are RNA‐programmed DNA‐cutting enzymes that facilitate the introduction of intentional sequence changes into the genomes of experimental cells and organisms. This overview provides a background for genome editing and CRISPR‐Cas nucleases, as well as an overview of the technology used to assess the outcomes of genome editing. © 2019 The Authors.