bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conversion of RAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer patients after first‐line biological agent treatment
Authors: Arici Serdar , Hamdard Jamshid , Sakin Abdullah , Sengiz Erhan Selma , Atci Muhammed Mustafa , Cekin Ruhper , Saka Burcu , Köse Emin , Saydam Tuba , Geredeli Caglayan , Cihan Sener , Bilici Ahmet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to investigate the RAS discordance between initial and recurrent metastasectomy specimens in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) plus biological agents in a first‐line setting.MethodsPatients who had been treated with CT plus bevacizumab or cetuximab or panitumumab followed by R0 resection for potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases were scanned. Among these, patients who developed resectable new metastases after a disease‐free interval longer than 6 months were included in the study. We compared the RAS mutation status between the first biopsy and the second metastasectomy specimen.ResultsA total of 82 mCRC patients treated with CT plus biological agents in a first‐line setting were included in the study. The first biopsy assessment showed wild‐type RAS tumours in 39 (47.6%) patients and mutant RAS tumours in 43 (52.4%) patients. The mean time for new operable liver metastasis after R0 resection was 15.5 months. In the second metastasectomy specimens, the numbers of wild‐type and mutant RAS tumours were 30 (36.6%) and 52 (63.4%), respectively. The comparison with the first biopsy specimens showed RAS status conversions in 17 (20.7%) patients. Univariate comparison between patients with and without RAS status conversion revealed that grade, pathological T stage, wild‐type RAS tumour and longer biological agent use time in the first‐line treatment were significant factors for RAS conversion.ConclusionOur results suggest that re‐biopsy is needed for an optimal second‐line treatment decision in mCRC patients regardless of backbone biological agent, especially in patients with wild‐type RAS mCRC.
Predicting range expansion of invasive species: Pitfalls and best practices for obtaining biologically realistic projections
Authors: Lake Thomas A. , Briscoe Runquist Ryan D. , Moeller David A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to forecast potential range expansion of invasive species. However, invasive species occurrence datasets often have spatial biases that may violate key SDM assumptions. In this study, we examined alternative methods of spatial bias correction and multiple methods for model evaluation for seven invasive plant species.LocationNorth America.TaxonCommon Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Wild Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia virgata), Common Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum), Brown Knapweed (Centaurea jacea), Black Swallowwort (Vincetoxicum nigrum) and Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica).MethodsWe employed bias‐correction measures for both occurrence sampling and background sampling inputs in a factorial design for Maxent resulting in six potential models for each species. We evaluated our models for complexity, model fit and using commonly employed evaluation metrics: AUC, partial AUC, the continuous Boyce index and sensitivity. We then developed a structured process for model selection.ResultsModels developed without occurrence or background bias correction often were overly complex and did not transfer well to expanding range fronts. Conversely, models that employed occurrence and/or background bias‐correction measures were less complex, had better AICc scores and had greater projection into incipient areas. These simpler models were also more likely to be selected when evaluated using a process that integrated multiple evaluation metrics. We found that invasion history (e.g. established versus incipient) was associated with the effectiveness of spatial bias correction techniques.Main ConclusionsWhile challenges exist in building climate‐based correlative species distribution models for invasive species, we found that methods relying on maximizing AUC performed poorly for invasive species. We advocate for the use of multiple and diverse metrics for model evaluation. Users of species distribution models need to incorporate explicit consideration of model discrimination, model fit and model complexity into their decision‐making processes if they are to build biologically realistic models.
What can lycophytes teach us about plant evolution and development? Modern perspectives on an ancient lineage
Authors: Spencer Victoria , Nemec Venza Zoe , Harrison Cecily Jill 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAll Evo‐Devo studies rely on representative sampling across the tree of interest to elucidate evolutionary trajectories through time. In land plants, genetic resources are well established in model species representing lineages including bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts), monilophytes (ferns and allies), and seed plants (gymnosperms and flowering plants), but few resources are available for lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts). Living lycophytes are a sister group to the euphyllophytes (the fern and seed plant clade), and have retained several ancestral morphological traits despite divergence from a common ancestor of vascular plants around 420 million years ago. This sister relationship offers a unique opportunity to study the conservation of traits such as sporophyte branching, vasculature, and indeterminacy, as well as the convergent evolution of traits such as leaves and roots which have evolved independently in each vascular plant lineage. To elucidate the evolution of vascular development and leaf formation, molecular studies using RNA Seq, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and phylogenetics have revealed the diversification and expression patterns of KNOX, ARP, HD‐ZIP, KANADI, and WOX gene families in lycophytes. However, the molecular basis of further trait evolution is not known. Here we describe morphological traits of living lycophytes and their extinct relatives, consider the molecular underpinnings of trait evolution and discuss future research required in lycophytes to understand the key evolutionary innovations enabling the growth and development of all vascular plants.
Population genomics and history of speciation reveal fishery management gaps in two related redfish species (Sebastes mentella and Sebastes fasciatus)
Authors: Benestan Laura M. , Rougemont Quentin , Senay Caroline , Normandeau Eric , Parent Eric , Rideout Rick , Bernatchez Louis , Lambert Yvan , Audet Céline , Parent Geneviève J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the processes shaping population structure and reproductive isolation of marine organisms can improve their management and conservation. Using genomic markers combined with estimation of individual ancestries, assignment tests, spatial ecology, and demographic modeling, we (i) characterized the contemporary population structure, (ii) assessed the influence of space, fishing depth, and sampling years on contemporary distribution, and (iii) reconstructed the speciation history of two cryptic redfish species, Sebastes mentella and S. fasciatus. We genotyped 860 individuals in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean using 24,603 filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our results confirmed the clear genetic distinctiveness of the two species and identified three ecotypes within S. mentella and five populations in S. fasciatus. Multivariate analyses highlighted the influence of spatial distribution and depth on the overall genomic variation, while demographic modeling revealed that secondary contact models best explained inter‐ and intragenomic divergence. These species, ecotypes, and populations can be considered as a rare and wide continuum of genomic divergence in the marine environment. This acquired knowledge pertaining to the evolutionary processes driving population divergence and reproductive isolation will help optimizing the assessment of demographic units and possibly to refine fishery management units.
HLA‐G: Function, polymorphisms and pathology
Authors: Arnaiz‐Villena Antonio , Juarez Ignacio , Suarez‐Trujillo Fabio , López‐Nares Adrián , Vaquero Christian , Palacio‐Gruber Jose , Martin‐Villa Jose M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHLA‐G immune modulatory genes and molecules are presently being studied by a widespread number of research groups. In the present study, we do not aim to be exhaustive since the number of manuscripts published every year is overwhelming. Instead, our aim is pointing out facts about HLA‐G function, polymorphism and pathology that have been confirmed by several different researchers, together with exposing aspects that may have been overlooked or not sufficiently remarked in this productive field of study. On the other hand, we question whether performing mainly studies on HLA‐G and disease associations is going to give a clear answer in the future, since 40 years of study of classical HLA molecules association with disease has still given no definite answer on this issue.
Machine learning for detection of walnuts with shriveled kernels by fusing weight and image information
Authors: Zhai Zhiqiang , Jin Zuohui , Li Jiangbo , Zhang Mengyun , Zhang Ruoyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWalnut is one of the popular nut foods with rich nutritional value and medicinal value. However, it is difficult to detect the internal quality of walnuts because of their solid shell. In this study, a novel method was proposed to nondestructively detect the shriveled kernels in shelled walnuts based on the fusion of image and weight information by machine learning. First, the image and weight information of walnut samples was collected using an industrial charge‐coupled device camera and an electronic balance. Then, three kinds of models including partial least squares‐linear discrimination analysis, a support vector machine (SVM) and a particle swarm optimization algorithm with back propagation (PSO‐BP) were established to discriminate walnuts with shriveled kernels. The classifying effectiveness of all methods was comprehensively compared to determine the optimal one. Finally, the testing results were used to evaluate the three models. Under the same conditions, SVM has the best performance. The classification accuracy and average costing time of SVM were 97% and 0.001 s. Overall research demonstrated that the machine learning method based on weight and image information can be used to quickly, accurately and nondestructively detect the walnuts with shriveled kernels.Practical ApplicationsNondestructively detection of walnuts has significant value for walnuts processing in practical application. It can allow the walnut industry to provide better‐tasting walnut to the consumers, and thus, improve industry competitiveness and profitability. A strategy for detecting walnuts with shriveled kernels was proposed based on the fusion of weight and image information using machine‐learning algorithms. The SVM model can quickly and accurately classify walnuts with shriveled kernels using information fusion of imaging and weighing. This work is valuable for online sorting of walnuts with shriveled kernel.
Does anti‐tumor necrosis factor alpha prevent the recurrence of Crohn's disease? Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Hata Keisuke , Minagawa Tomohiro , Horio Yuki , Kuwahara Ryuichi , Nakamura Shiro , Watanabe Kenji , Saruta Masayuki , Fujii Toshimitsu , Kobayashi Taku , Sugimoto Ken , Hirai Fumihito , Esaki Motohiro , Hiraoka Sakiko , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Matsuura Minoru , Inoue Nagamu , Nakase Hiroshi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAnti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α agents are now well known to function as effective treatments for Crohn's disease (CD). Several meta‐analyses have revealed the efficacy of anti‐TNF therapy for preventing recurrence after surgery; however, the efficacies reported in some prospective studies differed according to the outcomes. Moreover, adverse events (AEs) were not well evaluated. We conducted this systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate both the efficacy of anti‐TNF therapy after stratification by the outcome of interest and the AEs.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review of studies investigating anti‐TNF therapy, CD, and postoperative recurrence. Meta‐analyses were performed for endoscopic and clinical recurrence and AEs.ResultsA total of 570 participants, including 254 patients in the intervention group and 316 patients in the control group, in eight studies, were analyzed for recurrence. Based on the results of the meta‐analysis, the efficacies of anti‐TNF therapy at preventing endoscopic and clinical recurrence were as follows: relative risk (RR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22–0.53 and RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36–1.02, respectively. The RR of AEs with anti‐TNF therapy was 1.75 (95% CI 0.81–3.79).ConclusionsAnti‐TNF therapy after surgery for CD displays efficacy at preventing endoscopic recurrence for 1–2 years, without increasing the incidence of AEs. However, clinical recurrence was not significantly reduced. The efficacy of postoperative anti‐TNF therapy may differ in terms of the outcomes, which include long‐term prevention, the avoidance of further surgery, and cost‐effectiveness.
Cladocopiumcommunity divergence in twoAcroporacoral hosts across multiple spatial scales
Authors: Davies Sarah W. , Moreland Kelsey N. , Wham Drew C. , Kanke Matt R. , Matz Mikhail V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany broadly‐dispersing corals acquire their algal symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) “horizontally” from their environment upon recruitment. Horizontal transmission could promote coral fitness across diverse environments provided that corals can associate with divergent algae across their range and that these symbionts exhibit reduced dispersal potential. Here we quantified community divergence ofCladocopiumalgal symbionts in two coral host species (Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora digitifera) across two spatial scales (reefs on the same island, and between islands) across the Micronesian archipelago using microsatellites. We find that both hosts associated with a variety of multilocus genotypes (MLG) within two genetically distinctCladocopiumlineages (C40, C21), confirming thatAcroporacoral hosts associate with a range ofCladocopiumsymbionts across this region. Both C40 and C21 included multiple asexual lineages bearing identical MLGs, many of which spanned host species, reef sites within islands, and even different islands. Both C40 and C21 exhibited moderate host specialization and divergence across islands. In addition, within every island, algal symbiont communities were significantly clustered by both host species and reef site, highlighting that coral‐associatedCladocopiumcommunities are structured across small spatial scales and within hosts on the same reef. This is in stark contrast to their coral hosts, which never exhibited significant genetic divergence between reefs on the same island. These results support the view that horizontal transmission could improve local fitness for broadly dispersingAcroporacoral species.
A 3D finite element analysis of maxillary molar distalization using unilateral zygoma gear and asymmetric headgear
Authors: Alosman Hala Sadek , Bayome Mohamed , Vahdettin Levent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were (a) to evaluate the displacement and stress distribution in the maxillary dentition associated with the use of two different unilateral distalization appliances—unilateral zygoma gear (UZG) appliance and asymmetric headgear (AHG)—in non‐growing patients; and (b) to assess the effects of fully erupted maxillary third molars on the distalization of the first molar with both appliances by using three‐dimensional finite element analysis.Settings and sample populationTwo 3D models of the maxilla were created: one with third molars and one without. Next, two distalizing appliances (UZG and AHG) were added to each model to create four models.Materials and methodsDistalization forces were applied, and the resultant displacements were recorded at the mesiobuccal and distolingual cusps and palatal root apex of each molar and the incisal edge root apex of the central incisors. The resulting von Mises stress distributions were evaluated.ResultsWith the UZG, the first molar showed greater root distalization than the crown in the model with the third molar, whereas the model without the third molar showed distalization and distal tipping of the first molar. With the AHG, the first molar showed a large amount of distal tipping in the model without a third molar. However, this tipping was less than that in the model with third molars.ConclusionThe presence of completely erupted third molars decreased the amount of uncontrolled distal tipping in both appliances. UZG can be considered as an effective option for maxillary molar distalization.
An exploration of the variability of physiological responses to soil drying in relation with C/N balance across three species of the under‐utilized genus Vigna
Authors: Guiguitant Julie , Marrou Hélène , Vile Denis , Sinclair Thomas R. , Pradhan Deepti , Ramirez Martha , Ghanem Michel Edmond 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe genus Vigna (Fabaceae) is an agriculturally important taxon, which includes several crop species such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis). Most studies have focused on cowpea (V. unguiculata (L.) as a drought‐resistant crop, although insights on the mechanisms that confer this species the ability to grow in dry environment are still not fully resolved. The diversity of this rich genus has been overlooked in many physiological studies. This study explores the physiological mechanisms of response to soil drying (N2 fixation, transpiration rate and changes in C and N allocation) across three species of the Vigna genus: V. radiata, V. unguiculata, V. vexillata (tuber cowpea). A significant variability among the studied Vigna accessions was found for the threshold in decline of N2 fixation with soil drying. Less variability was observed in the transpiration threshold. Through the analysis of leaf traits variation under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions, we were able to relate the variability in N2 fixation and transpiration response to C/N metabolism modifications resulting in different allocation of carbon and nitrogen to leaves under water deficit.
MENTAL HEALTH AND THE GOSPEL: A RESPONSE TO CHRISTOPHER COOK
Authors: Watts Fraser 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is sometimes assumed that when the gospels talk about demon possession they are just using different terminology for what would now be called psychosis or epilepsy. However, these terms come from different discourses that need to be distinguished, but do not need to be kept completely separate. The nature of the relationship between religion and mental health is complex. There is usually a positive correlation, but it is more difficult to be confident about the nature of the causal connection. Poor mental health can become intertwined with religion in a way that drags both down. It is a consistent feature of Jesus' interactions that he encourages people to believe that more is possible than might have been imagined. His impact on the mental health of those around him seems to have been largely a matter of what might now be called positive psychology.
Screening and eradication ofHelicobacter pylorifor gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus
Authors: Liou Jyh-Ming , Malfertheiner Peter , Lee Yi-Chia , Sheu Bor-Shyang , Sugano Kentaro , Cheng Hsiu-Chi , Yeoh Khay-Guan , Hsu Ping-I , Goh Khean-Lee , Mahachai Varocha , Gotoda Takuji , Chang Wei-Lun , Chen Mei-Jyh , Chiang Tsung-Hsien , Chen Chieh-Chang , Wu Chun-Ying , Leow Alex Hwong-Ruey , Wu Jeng-Yih , Wu Deng-Chyang , Hong Tzu-Chan , Lu Hong , Yamaoka Yoshio , Megraud Francis , Chan Francis K L , Sung Joseph JY , Lin Jaw-Town , Graham David Y , Wu Ming-Shiang , El-Omar Emad M 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveA global consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and knowledge gaps and propose collaborative studies on population-wide screening and eradication ofHelicobacter pylorifor prevention of gastric cancer (GC).Methods28 experts from 11 countries reviewed the evidence and modified the statements using the Delphi method, with consensus level predefined as ≥80% of agreement on each statement. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was followed.ResultsConsensus was reached in 26 statements. At an individual level, eradication ofH. pylorireduces the risk of GC in asymptomatic subjects and is recommended unless there are competing considerations. In cohorts of vulnerable subjects (eg, first-degree relatives of patients with GC), a screen-and-treat strategy is also beneficial.H. pylorieradication in patients with early GC after curative endoscopic resection reduces the risk of metachronous cancer and calls for a re-examination on the hypothesis of ‘the point of no return’. At the general population level, the strategy of screen-and-treat forH. pyloriinfection is most cost-effective in young adults in regions with a high incidence of GC and is recommended preferably before the development of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. However, such a strategy may still be effective in people aged over 50, and may be integrated or included into national healthcare priorities, such as colorectal cancer screening programmes, to optimise the resources. Reliable locally effective regimens based on the principles of antibiotic stewardship are recommended. Subjects at higher risk of GC, such as those with advanced gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia, should receive surveillance endoscopy after eradication ofH. pylori.ConclusionEvidence supports the proposal that eradication therapy should be offered to all individuals infected withH. pylori. Vulnerable subjects should be tested, and treated if the test is positive. Mass screening and eradication ofH. pylorishould be considered in populations at higher risk of GC.