bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Differences of Malondialdehyde Serum Level, Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and the Area of Endometriotic Implants in Administration of Kebar Grass Extract (Biophytum petersianum) and Green Tea Extract (Camelia sinensis) to Mice
Authors: Trisetiyono Yuli , Pramono Noor , Hidayat Syarief Thaufik , Widjiati Widjiati 
Published: February 2020

The pathological pathway of endometriosis remains unclear and involves complex etiologies. Increased oxidative stress is understood to be related to this disease. Oxidative stress produces reactive oxygen species, causes inflammation that is characterized by recruiting lymphocytes and phagocyte activation, produces cytokines that induce oxidation enzyme, and supports epithelium growth. Oxidative stress conjointly will increase angiogenesis and promotes the proliferation of endometriosis tissue within the peritoneal cavity. Kebar grass and green tea contain high antioxidants, are expected to extend antioxidant defense leading to reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, and reduced endometriosis tissue implants. The objective is to analyze the consequences of Kebar grass and green tea extract to MDA serum level, TNF-α, and VEGF expression, and the area of the endometriotic implants in the mice models. The study was an experiment designed. It has been conducted within the Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University. Twenty-one mice were divided into three groups, i.e., the first group of mouse models was given Kebar extract 3 mg/day; the second group was assigned green tea extract 1.1 mg/day; therefore the third group was a control group contains the untreated endometriosis mice. Each treatment was given for fourteen days. MDA serum level was measured by specto-photometric examination, the area of the endometriotic implants was measured by computer tracing technique, whereas TNF-α and VEGF expression of endometriotic implants were measured by IHC using Rammele Scale Index (ImmunoReactive Score). The MDA serum levels of the groups treated with Kebar grass extract and green tea extract were significantly lower than the control group (0.09±0.022 mmol, 0.07±0.019 mmol, and 0.30±0.062 mmol, respectively; p=0.001). TNF-α expression of the groups supplied with each treatment also lower than the control groups (2.43±1.521, 3.66±1.422, and 7.26±2.898, respectively; p=0.002). However, VEGF expression was not significantly different between Kebar grass extract group, green tea group, and the control (4.34±2.402, 4.57±1.998, 7.40±3.495, respectively; p=0.089). Finally, the area of the endometriotic implants of the mice models administered with all treatment was smaller than the control group (0.01±0.025 mm2, 8.76±18.776 mm2, and 34.80±13.079 mm2, respectively; p=0.003). Conclusion: Kebar grass extract, as well as green tea extract administration to endometriosis model mice, resulted in lower MDA serum level and TNF-α expression, smaller the area of endometriotic implants compared, but not resulted in a significant difference of VEGF expression.
STUDI IN SILICO POTENSI DNA BARCODE PADA ANGGREK LANGKA Paphiopedilum
Authors: Su'udi Mukhamad 
Published: February 2020

Anggrek adalah tumbuhan berbunga yang memiliki nilai komersial tinggi. Eksploitasi anggrek yang berlebihan menyebabkan keberadaannya di alam berkurang. DNA barcoding dapat menjadi alat yang efektif untuk deteksi anggrek langka seperti Paphiopedilum. Metode yang dilakukan dalam DNA barcoding anggrek Paphiopedilum adalah dengan studi in silico menggunakan Genbank (NCBI). Sekuen DNA dikoleksi dari database pada NCBI dengan cara menulis nama spesies dan gen yang dimaksud (matK, rbcL, dan ITS). Selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan CLUSTAL X untuk menentukan tingkat homologi antar sekuen melalui penjajaran sekuen, identifikasi sekuen yang berpotensi sebagai barcode, dan pembuatan pohon filogenetik. Analisis bioinformatik menunjukkan bahwa hasil alignment dengan menggunakan lokus matK dan rbcL memiliki tingkat homologi yang tinggi, meski demikian matK dapat menunjukkan karakter spesifik dari P. sangii yang dapat dijadikan sebagai barcode. Sedangkan ITS memiliki tingkat variasi genetik yang lebih tinggi dan homologi yang rendah daripada matK dan rbcL. Barcode P. sangii dihasilkan dari lokus matK. Sedangkan pada lokus rbcL, semua spesies memiliki tingkat homologi yang tinggi, sehingga tidak mendapatkan sekuen yang berpotensi sebagai barcode. Variasi genetik yang tinggi dapat dipelajari pada lokus ITS, namun tidak ditemukan sekuen yang berpotensi sebagai barcode.
The The Effect of Black Soybean Flour Extract (Glycine soja) on Leukocyte Post Ovariectomy Implantation Mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: ABDI YENNY FEBRIANA RAMADHAN 
Published: February 2020

Black soybean is one type of plant that has estrogenic activity, it can act as a source of natural exogenous estrogen. Decreased estrogen hormone in the body can be caused due to ovariectomy and menopause, it can affect the activity and number of leukocytes in the reproduction of female. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of black soybean flour extract to leukocytes post ovariectomy implant mice. This study used a completely randomized design (RAL) 4 treatments and each 7 replicated. Treatment 1 (negative control), treatment 2 (positive control: estradiol concentration 50 ppm), treatment 3 and 4 respectively with the administration of black soybean flour doses of 0.31 g / ml and 0.63 g / ml. The data were analyzed using One Way Anova test with a confidence level of 95% or α = 0.05 and further analyze with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the administration of black soybean flour extract for 10 days in post ovariectomy implantation mice showed a significant effect, doses of 0.31 g/ml and 0.63 g/ml increased the total number of leukocytes and the number of agranulocyte leukocytes.
LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON NUCLEAR ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ghazali Farahdilah , Ansari Abdul Haseeb , Mustafa Maizatun , Wan Zahari Wan Mohd Zulhafiz 
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the potential of nuclear energy, particularly in the power sector, to solve energy challenges and to address the pertinent issues regarding energy sustainability in Malaysia. The deployment of nuclear energy in various developed and developing countries has conspicuously helped sustaining energy security and sustainability due to its compatibility and protection of the environment. In addition to energy security, nuclear energy also offers significant benefits to socio-economic aspects. Thus, nuclear energy in developing countries, including Malaysia, has the potential to emerge as a new prospect in the energy sector using sophisticated technology and expert personnel to maximize the energy benefits with the least environmental risk. This step would certainly meet future energy demands and help accelerate the country’s development with optimum energy generation in the country. Therefore, Malaysia should aim to resort to nuclear power generation whereby the current power sector is mainly generated by traditional means, with only a small fraction of it being renewable energy. With no experience in this field, Malaysia needs to establish collaboration with some country rich with nuclear-resource in order to build, maintain nuclear reactors and treat nuclear wastes. The development of such facility should also comply with the requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Moreover, Malaysia has to introduce legislation and policies related to future nuclear energy. Thus, this paper discusses some of the pertinent issues related to the prospects of nuclear power generation in the country towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Keywords: Atomic energy, energy security, governance, sustainable development.

Cite as: Ghazali, F., Ansari, A. H., Mustafa, M., & Wan Zahari, W. M. Z. (2020). Legal perspectives on nuclear energy and sustainable development in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 169-188. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp169-188
STEM PROJECT-BASED APPROACH IN ENHANCING CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING AND INVENTIVE THINKING SKILLS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Saleh Salmiza , Muhammad Azila , Syed Abdullah Syed Mohamad 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose: Formal learning in schools generally does not provide enough engagement for students to grasp the science concepts and skills taught to them. Therefore, the structured informal learning activities such as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) integrated project-based learning is vital for students to partake in the more meaningful science learning process as it involves interdisciplinary activities. Hence, this paper discusses the study that underlies the structured informal learning activity, the STEM project-based approach, in enhancing conceptual understanding and inventive thinking skills among secondary school students.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental research design concerning treatment and control groups with pre-test as the covariate was employed in this project. The sample was selected based on the purposive sampling approach. Seventy Form Four students (33 male students and 37 female students) from a secondary school in Kedah, Malaysia were divided into 35 students of a controlled group (received conventional approach) and 35 students of the treatment group (followed STEM project-based approach). Data collected via the Newtonian Conceptual Understanding Test (NCUT) and Inventive Thinking Skills Test (ITST) were then analysed descriptively and inferentially.

Findings: The structured informal learning activity, the STEM project-based approach, was found effective in enhancing conceptual understanding and inventive thinking skills among secondary school students. Further analysis showed that the elements of thinking skills (management and adaptation to complexity, self-regulation, curiosity, creativity, risk-readiness, and high-order thinking skills and sound reasoning) were also improved among students who followed STEM project-based approach.

Contributions: The study highlighted the importance of a structured informal learning activity, such as the STEM project-based approach in assisting students to grasp the science concepts and develop the required 21st-century learning skills besides formal learning in schools.

Keywords: Conceptual understanding, inventive thinking skills, Newtonian physics, physics education, secondary school students.

Cite as: Saleh, S., Muhammad, A., & Syed Abdullah, S. M. (2019). STEM project-based approach in enhancing conceptual understanding and inventive thinking skills among secondary school students. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 234-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp234-254
BETWEEN THE CLASSICAL MU'TAZILITES AND NEO-MU'TAZILITES: AN ANALYSIS OF HARUN NASUTION’S MODERN ISLAMIC THOUGHT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Awang Abd Rahman Amilah 
Published: February 2020

Lately, the classical schools of Islamic theology are generally associated with various modern movements such as Neo-Kharijites and Neo-Mu'tazilites especially in terms of their negative influence. This paper aims at critically analyzing the way in which modern Muslim scholars claim the legacy of the classical Mu‘tazilite school. It specifically offers a critical overview of the spirit and contents of both early Islamic movements. It is attempted to draw a more objective picture of the classical Mu‘tazilite school, based on their primary sources. The Indonesian Harun Nasution is taken as an example of a Neo-Mu‘tazilite scholar. This paper argues that the original Mu’tazilite spirit is not accurately represented by Harun Nasution. The Mu‘tazilite was the first theological school who tried to defend and preserve the original teachings of Islam in the face of the many challenges of their time. Today, the Mu‘tazilite school is often misrepresented by portraying it as a purely rationalistic school and liberal thought. It is the view of the author that the misrepresentation of the Mu‘tazilite school as being a radical school of thought that propagated liberal society solely guided by reason, will bring bad consequence to the understanding and development of Muslim society in general. It can be either giving opportunity to the rise of liberal society with the claim of past root of the history of Muslims as occurred in Nasution’s case or rejecting reason from being important source of knowledge acknowledged by Islam.

Keywords: Harun Nasution, Indonesia, Mu‘tazilite, Neo-Mu‘tazilite, rationalism.

Cite as: Abd Rahman, A. A. (2020). Between the classical Mu'tazilites and Neo-Mu'tazilites: An analysis of Harun Nasution’s modern Islamic thought in Indonesia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 336-355. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp336-355
CUSTOMERS’ DEPOSIT BEHAVIOUR IN DUAL BANKING INDUSTRY: A MARKET STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Authors: Mohammed Nafisah , Jauhari Azmafazilah , Mohammed Nadzirah 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate public acceptance toward Islamic banking system in Malaysia by using the market structure analysis as proposed in industrial organizational studies. The structural approach framework was used to evaluate the nature and changes of market concentration in the Malaysian Islamic and conventional deposit markets.

Methodology: The well-known market concentration measure, namely concentration ratio (CR) is calculated to study the changes in saving behaviour among depositors in both banking markets. The concentration ratios of deposits for both banking markets are evaluated by using the banking firms’ level data for the period 1997–2016. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the total deposits and bank-specific variables.

Findings: It is found that interest or profit rate paid to the depositors are the factor that greatly affect the depositors’ choice of banks to save their money. Besides, experience doing businesses is more important to Islamic banks compared to conventional banks in order to attract depositors.

Contributions: The findings demonstrate that societies, especially the Islamic community, are still loyal to conventional banks, which have more experience in the banking operation. The findings of this study are expected to open the eyes of the Muslim community to use Islamic banking services, which are certainly sharia-compliance.

Keywords: Concentration ratio, deposit, dual banking, market structure, perception.

Cite as: Mohammed, N., Jauhari, A., & Mohammed, N. (2020). Customers’ deposit behaviour in dual banking industry: A market structure analysis. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 356-377. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp356-377
THE PLIGHT OF REFUGEES IN MALAYSIA: MALAYSIA AS A TRANSIT COUNTRY IN PROTECTING REFUGEES’ RIGHTS
Authors: Nordin Rohaida , Sahak Suzarika , Ishak Ma Kalthum 
Published: February 2020

The role of UNHCR and respective transit countries is to help refugees find lasting solutions that will allow them to rebuild their lives in dignity and peace, via local integration, voluntary repatriation or resettlement in a third country. Awaiting resettlement, the refugees are always mistakenly believed to be economic migrants or illegal immigrants. Due to the absence of legal or administrative regulations governing refugees, they are exposed to detention with the possibility of refoulement. These refugees are not legally permitted to work, which leads them to work discreetly and are willing to perform low-paying jobs in order to earn a living. Children are denied proper education and healthcare, which are considered as luxuries they could not afford. All these are common and enduring plights that still haunt refugees in Malaysia. This article reviews the plight of refugees in Malaysia during the transitional period before resettlement, discusses the roles of Malaysia as a transit country, and proposes lasting solutions for refugees in Malaysia. It is hoped that this article will provide a better understanding of the roles of transit countries particularly Malaysia for protection of refugees’ rights especially on their resettlement. In addition, assistance from UNHCR and other NGOs are also important to solve this problem.

Keywords: Malaysia, refugee, resettlement, transit country, UNHCR.

Cite as: Sahak, S., Nordin, R., & Ishak, M. K. (2020). The plight of refugees in Malaysia: Malaysia as a transit country in protecting refugees’ rights. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(1), 378-394. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss1pp378-394
Authors: Nurjaman Enang Yusuf 
Published: February 2020

Suku Sunda sebagai etnis terbesar kedua setelah Jawa, dikenal sebagai suku yang tidak suka merantau, kondisi alam yang nyaman dan stigma “kurung batokeun” bisa jadi menjadi salah satu alasan kenapa suku Sunda tidak suka merantau. Akan tetapi seiring perkembangan, suku Sunda banyak juga yang melakukan pernatuan, bukan hanya merantau didalam negeri akan tetapi merantau keseluruh penjuru dunia, sehingga suku Sunda yang dikenal tidak suka merantau mulai terpatahkan. Salah satu yang menjadi destinasi merantau suku Sunda adalah Kota Ternate Maluku Utara. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interkasi sosial dan pola komunikasi antar sesama perantau dari suku Sunda yang tergabung dalam Paguyuban Pasundan, karena ingin melihat budaya komunikasi secara mendalam maka penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif etnografi komunikasi. Adapun kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah (1). Interaksi Sosial antara sesama suku Sunda di dalam Paguyuban Pasundan dilakukan secara intensif, muncul perasaan setara dan interkasi berlangsung dengan sangat baik. (2) Pola komunikasi sesama suku Sunda yang tergabung dalam Paguyuban Pasundan, cenderung terbuka, tanpa hambatan, setara dengan kualitas dan kuantitas komunikasi yang sangat signifikan baik.
A Mathematical Model to describe the herd behaviour considering group defense
Authors: de Assis R. A. , Pazim R. , Malavazi M. C. , Petry P. P. da C. , de Assis L. M. E. , Venturino E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A model for predator-prey interactions with herd behaviour is proposed. Novelty includes a smooth transition from individual behaviour (low number of prey) to herd behaviour (large number of prey). The model is analysed using standard stability and bifurcations techniques. We prove that the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation as we vary the parameter that represents the efficiency of predators (dependent on the predation rate, for instance), giving rise to sustained oscillations in the system. The proposed model appears to possess more realistic features than the previous approaches while being also relatively easier to analyse and understand.
Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Selective Detection of 2-Nitropropane in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Chapman Gala M. , Junco Juliana Giraldo , Cardenas Roberto Bravo , Watson Clifford H. , Valentín-Blasini Liza 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Although 2-nitropropane is a potentially harmful compound present in cigarette smoke, there are few fully-validated, modern methods to quantitate it in mainstream cigarette smoke. We developed an isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-GC-MS/MS) method for the detection of 2-nitropropane in mainstream cigarette smoke. The vapor fraction of mainstream cigarette smoke was collected in inert polyvinyl fluoride gas sampling bags and extracted with hexanes containing isotopically labeled internal standard, then purified and concentrated via solid-phase extraction using a normal phase silica adsorbent and a 100% dichloromethane eluant. This method is sensitive enough to measure vapor phase 2-nitro-propane concentrations in the nanogram range, with a 19 ng per cigarette method limit of detection. Product variability estimated from the analysis of 15 cigarette products yielded relative standard deviations ranging from 5.4% to 15.7%, and estimates of precision from two quality control products yielded relative standard deviations of 9.49% and 14.9%. Under the Health Canada Intense smoking regimen, 2-nitropropane in machine-generated mainstream smoke from 15 cigarette products ranged from 98.3 to 363 ng per cigarette.
Variability of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. vegetative progeny from the Augustowska Primeval Forests
Authors: Matras-Zarzecka Małgorzata , Zarzecki Artur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study was carried out in the clone archive of old Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. trees located in the Augustowska Primeval Forest. The aim of the study was to determine the intra-clonal diversity among quantitative and qualitative traits of the vegetative progeny of Scots pine trees older than 200 years. Our analyses included traits such as survival rate, height and diameter at breast height (DBH), stem straightness, length and width of the crowns as well as branch thickness and growth angle. There was no significant correlation between the age of mother trees and the traits of their vegetative progeny. However, mother trees did affect the survival of the progeny. In overall, the survival rate of grafts in the archive is high (about 80% at the age of 13 years) and there have been no significant fluctuations in recent years. Nevertheless, the variability of quantitative traits among vegetative progeny was high with the average height ranging from 2.16 m up to 6.71 m, and in the case of DBH, ranging from 3.23 cm to 12.1 cm. Both, height of trees and their DBH, were significantly different among the analysed clones. These intra-clone differences in growth traits indicate a high environmental impact on the growth and performance of clones. However, the diversity of quantitative and qualitative traits is comparable to the differences observed in the economic seed orchards with seedlings at a similar age. Most of the genotypes planted in the archive are fully viable and have matured to the stage of seed production. The clone archive can thus be viewed as both, a conservation effort and to obtain valuable seeds from the point of view of tree breeding. Therefore, establishing archives of tree clones using valuable genotypes is an effective method of conserving individual genotypes even of very old individuals.
The Difficult Look Back: Slovenian Democratic Path after European Union Accession
Authors: Haček Miro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the third wave of democratic changes in the early 1990s when the Central and Eastern European (CEE) political landscape changed radically and the democratisation processes started in the eastern part of the continent, Slovenia was one of the most prominent countries with the best prospects for rapid democratic growth. Slovenia somewhat luckily escaped the Yugoslav civil wars and towards the end of the 20th century was already on the path towards a stable and consolidated democracy with the most successful economy in the entire CEE area. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, Slovenia had a simple and straight-forward political goals, i.e. to join the European union as soon as possible, thus consolidating its place among the most developed countries within the region. After some setbacks, this goal was accomplished in (so far) the biggest enlargement to the Union in May 2004. But what happened after Slovenia managed to successfully achieve its pair of major political goals? In this chapter, we search for an answer to this question and find out why Slovenian voters are increasingly distrustful not only of political institutions, but why so-called new political faces and instant political parties are so successful and why Slovenian democracy has lost a leading place among consolidated democracies in CEE.