bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site Investigation of Alauqaiser Historic Church Using Photogrammetric Reconstruction
Authors: Naji Haider , Al-Taweel Maryam D. , Fadhil Anwar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlauqaiser Church is one of the Christian heritage sites that are mentioned extensively in historical literature. The site is described to be in the desert to the south west f Karbala, Iraq. The site was excavated by the Iraqi government to reveal most of the church building which was covered by soil for long time. However, it is believed that there could a human settlement around the church which is not investigated or determined physically on the ground. This paper aims to investigate the possibility of the existence of any settlement or development around the site and stimulate further research about this important fact. Photogrammetric reconstruction was used to prepare engineering drawings and digital three-dimensional models of the site. Pictures were captured using off-the-shelf small drone which successfully provided enough level of details to prepare precise orthophoto and digital elevation model of the site.Results of the site’s orthophoto and digital elevation model showed that there are clear footprints of physical development around the church.
Investigating the effect of polypropylene fibre on mortar mechanical properties with the aid of microwave curing
Authors: Abed Alameer Sara Alaa , Mohammed Ali Mohammed Riyadh , Majeed Ridha Hameed. , Alyhya Wajde Shober 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent times, there has been increased interest in using various types of fibres in the cement-based materials industry. This work thus aims to investigate the possibility of improving the mechanical properties of mortar samples by using available and cheap polypropylene fibre with the aid of a microwave curing technique. For this purpose, 5×5×5 cm cubes of mortar containing different percentages and lengths of polypropylene fibres were cast and then subjected to various ranges of curing time under microwaves. Compressive strength, direct tensile strength, and density tests were conducted on reference mortar (specimens without fibres) and mortar reinforced with polypropylene fibre specimens at various ages (3, 7, and 28 days) of curing. The results showed a marginal decrease in the compressive strength against an increase in the direct tensile strength as fibre content increased. All mixes showed acceptable values for density against the reference mixes.
The Influence of Curing Methods on Marshall Stability and Flow
Authors: Fadhil Talal H. , Ibrahim Rahel Khalid , Fathullah Hardi Saadullah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Marshall Mix design is one of the most widely used methods for designing and evaluating hot asphalt mixes globally, and the main Marshall Test focuses are stability and flow. Two standard curing methods are normally followed to elevate the temperature of testing samples; these involve immersing the samples in 60°C water or placing the samples in an oven at 60°C. These standard curing methods may not simulate the actual state of heating of asphalt pavement in the field, however. In this research, a new curing method that includes insulating the samples before immersion in hot water is thus introduced and compared with the two standard curing methods. During immersion, the water temperature is increased to 60°C and the core temperature of the insulated samples determined. Three sets of Marshall Samples were prepared and cured using the outlined methods; each set consisted of 18 specimens of 101 mm diameter and 63.5 mm height. All specimens were tested using the Marshall Test for stability, flow, and Marshall Stiffness. The set mean results showed that the oven cured samples demonstrated the highest stability values, followed by the standard water cured samples, while the insulated samples exhibited the lowest stability values. The oven cured samples also exhibited higher Marshall Stiffness Index (MSI) values than the other curing methods. However, one-way ANOVA (single factor) testing demonstrated that these differences were not statistically significant.
Tool path generation for a car rear door die: UMO versus rest milling tool paths
Authors: Alwan Ali K. , Hamdan Wissam K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tool path generation for sculptured surfaces that contain many concave and convex features involves gouging and undercut problems. Past research has paid little attention to tool path generation for hard materials, which require careful and precise planning. In this paper, a comparison is made between traditional unit machining operation (UMO) and rest milling-based tool paths for the various machining steps (roughing, semi-finishing and finishing) of a car’s rear door, designed by NURBS surfaces. The experimental work involves the machining of two dies in a 3-axis CNC machine. Each die comprises two parts: punch (convex) and die (concave). Various tool path patterns (contour, zig-zag, zig, concentric zig-zag) are generated and compared via NX8 software. The results show a great saving of time and less tool consumption by using a rest milling technique over UMO techniques.
Water solar distiller productivity enhancement using solar collector and phase change material (PCM)
Authors: Shareef Abbas Sahi , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Alwan Hasan Fathi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the use of a solar still associated with a solar collector, and phase change materials, in improving productivity in solar distillation. We contrasted productivity from a solar still associated with a solar collector both with and without PCMs, and explored relevant issues around design and installation. Experiments were conducted at an east–west orientation in Karbala at the end of October and beginning of November. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K-30), polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC ), were used for their chemical properties as latent heat energy storage. The hourly output rose little where the solar distillation was coupled with solar collector but without LHTESS, through sunny days. There was an increase of about 30%–50% in freshwater output for LHTESS than was the case without. As daylight progressed the pure water created by the solar still increased. A solar still with solar collector for LHTESS is found to be increased according to the type of additive used. Water temperature was measured in a specified period. We studied the use of a solar still associated with solar collector both with and without PCM as thermal storage. The system run time was increased with the addition of PCM. System productivity and system efficiency also increased, by about 120 % and 40% respectively.
Study of the Effects of Welding Process on the Microstructure of Worn Carbon Steel Shaft
Authors: Sadeq Basim Raheem , Sahib Basim Salih , Alher Murtadua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a new procedure to repair a worn, low carbon steel shaft by use of discontinuous arc welding, and studies the effect of the proposed methodology on the microstructure of the welding area. The aim of the proposed methodology is to repair locally the rotary shafts of mechanical equipment, which are usually damaged at the supporting zone. The compensating method is used to repair the damaged area by adding a thin layer of metal to compensate for the shortage in diameter as a result of erosion. The repair should be carried out without exposing to rising temperature, which is the main cause of stress concentrations and initiation of fatigue cracks. The results were obtained by microscopic analysis of the welded area and include mechanical properties for the obtained samples. The repaired area contains soft crystals and an increase in hardness above 41%. This indicates that the wear resistance has been improved, while preserving the tension strength as it was before repair.
Providing A Long-term Protection for NCM811 Cathode Material by Al2O3 Coating Layer
Authors: Wang Jing , Yuan Qiang , Wang Ran , Tan Guoqiang , Su Yuefeng , Li Danhua , Wu Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The degradation of Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode material is successfully suppressed via a facile Al2O3 coating method. The coated Al2O3 layer on the electrode surface is inactive and amorphous, it does not react with the electrolyte and could provide a long-term protection on the electrode during cycling. The electrochemical performance of the modified NCM811 was improved dramatically both at room and elevated temperature. The capacity retention of pristine NCM811 was enhanced from 81.8% to 91.7% when the coating amount reached to 2 wt% at 25°C and much increased from 68.5% to 87.7% at 55°C. Such excellent high temperature performance clearly confirmed the effect of Al2O3 on the structure stability of electrode, it successfully built a favorable protection of the bulk NCM811 from direct contact with electrolyte and suppressed the undesired side reactions.
Research Progress on High-temperature Oxidation of Austenitic Stainless Steel for Ultra-superCritical Boilers
Authors: Song Tao , Wang Zhiwu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, four typical austenitic heat-resistant steels (TP304H steel, TP347H steel, Super304H steel and HR3C steel) are taken as examples to review the research progress of high-temperature oxidation of austenitic stainless steel for ultra-supercritical unit boilers, and the mechanism and protective measures of high-temperature oxidation of austenitic stainless steel are discussed, so as to provide references for material improvement and safe use of unit boilers.
A Refined Model for Predicting the 31-Coupling Effect of Piezoelectric Structural Fiber Composites
Authors: Xu Yaoling , Zheng Lishuang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A refined model is proposed to predict the 31-coupling effect of a piezoelectric structural fiber (PSF) and PSF composites. The PSF model consists of a piezoelectric shell, inner and outer electrode layers, and a piezoelectric inactive core fiber. The inner and outer electrodes provide a radial electric field passing through the piezoelectric shell, which leads to the axial deformation of the piezoelectric shell, the piezoelectric inactive core fiber provides the mechanical support to the brittle piezoelectric shell. Analytical expressions of the effective piezoelectric coefficient d
31 of the single PSF and the PSF composites are derived, the influences of aspect ratio of the piezoelectric shell, thickness of the electrode layer and PSF volume fraction, on the effective piezoelectric coefficient d
31 are demonstrated. The numerical results show that the model without electrode layers may lead to a significant error.
Study on Hot Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Model of TNTZ Alloy
Authors: Cheng Jing , Wang Kelu , Li Xin , Liu Jianjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The isothermal constant strain rate compression experiment of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloy with deformation temperature of 700∼900°C and strain rate of 0.001∼1s-1 was carried out by Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. The high temperature deformation behavior of the alloy was discussed and the thermal deformation activation energy was calculated. The hyperbolic sinusoidal constitutive model of TNTZ alloy was constructed. The results show that the flow stress of the alloy tends to be steady at high temperature and low strain rate. The constitutive model established by the Arrhenius model and modified by Zener-Hollomon parameter, which its correlation coefficient R and the average relative error E is 0.971 and 5.92%. The results predicted value for high temperature deformation behavior and agrees well with the experimental value of the alloy.
Effects of Cooling Conditions on Surface Integrity in Turning of TC4 Alloy
Authors: Li Jianming , Li Taoyuan , Wang Xiangyu , Qiao Yang , Guo Peiquan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Machined induced surface integrity of titanium alloy is of great importance due to its strong correlation with the functional performance and service life. In this paper, the effects of different cooling conditions on the surface integrity of TC4 alloy were studied experimentally. The results showed that the values of surface roughness and surface residual stress under cryogenic condition were lower than those under dry condition and emulsion cooling condition with the same cutting parameters, while the influence of cooling condition on the microhardness of the machined surface is not obvious. Cryogenic cutting is an effective way to machine titanium alloy.
Hybrids of Nickel-histidine Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots: Fabrication and Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Chen Wei , Wang Qinsheng , Wang Qun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, a method of in-situ recombination of Ni2+ with histidine functionalized graphene quantum dots (His-GQDs) was constructed a three-dimensional network porous structure. The collected precipitate complex precursor was oxidized and the NiO-His-GODs were obtained. The NiO-His-GQDs compound was subjected to high-temperature thermal reduction by inert gas to form Ni-His-GQDs. On the one hand, the intimate contact between Ni nanoparticles and His-GQD greatly shortens the gap between the two complexes, resulting in faster electron migration speed; On the other hand, the conductive (Ni)/semiconductor (His-GQDs) catalytic interface can produce Stokes diode-like structures, accelerate the migration rate of holes carriers in the semiconductor, and exhibit good electrocatalytic activity. A Ni-His-GQDs modified electrode as non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensor was shown good electrocatalytic activity and anti-interference property. The concentration of glucose was detected by amperometric analysis, and showed a good linear relation in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10-6∼2.0 × 10-3 M. The detection limit (S/N = 3) is 1.7 × 10−6 M. In addition, interference of sodium chloride (NaCl), uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) was less than 5.0 % in the same conditions indicating that the hybrids modified electrode sensor could be used for the sensitive and selective detection of glucose.
Progress and Challenges Related to Thermal Fatigue Research of Super-hard Cutting Tools
Authors: Guo Caifen , Dong Zhi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A large number of super-hard tools literature has been studied, most of which aimed at tool wear patterns and mechanisms. Researches on thermal lord affecting tools wear are carried out insufficiently and achievements about thermal cracks initiation, propagation are little reported. As existing of elevated temperature and intense heat during cutting processes, super-hard cutting tools thermal fatigue problems are obliged to be faced and some fundamental and unresolved issues need to be answered.
Uncertainty Analysis for the Estimated Hydraulic Conductivity from the Reduced Duration Pumping Test
Authors: Zhang Ying , Lu Chengpeng , Zeng Rui , Jiang Liyong , Wei Lei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Use of a homogeneous aquifer method to represent a heterogeneous aquifer for parameter estimation will inevitably result in uncertainties in the estimated parameter values. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of the reduced duration of the pumping test on the estimated hydraulic conductivity using the observations from pumping tests. Firstly, a heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity K field was generated using the Monte Carlo method. A MODFLOW groundwater flow model was then constructed to perform numerical pumping tests. The K value was estimated by the inverse method based on the Theis solution for an unconfined aquifer. The K fields were generated based on the hydraulic conductivity data sets collected for a karst aquifer in southwest of China. The effective hydraulic conductivity (Ke) was calculated to represent the hydraulic conductivity of a heterogeneous aquifer. For a single test in a heterogeneous aquifer, while the duration of the test is less than a critical value, the reduced duration will lead to the big uncertainty of the estimated hydraulic conductivity. However, Ke can achieve a relative stable value while the number of reduced duration tests is big enough to eliminate the impacts of the uncertainty of the separate K values.
A Novel BP Neural Network with Wavelet Transform Inputs for Air Quality Index Prediction
Authors: Fang Zheng , Zhang Lei , Huang Yakun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Air quality index prediction research is of great significance to people’s life. Various prediction methods are used to pursue its accurate prediction. A novel BP neural network with wavelet transform inputs for air quality index prediction is proposed in this paper. The proposed method introduces wavelet transform in the front of the neural network. It decomposes the original time series signal into a linear superposition of the main signal and some noise signals. After establishing the predictive BP neural network for each decomposed signal, the air quality index is restored based on the linear additivity of wavelet decomposition. The simulation experiments show that the prediction accuracy of proposed method is high. The relative error of long-term prediction for 50 consecutive days is only 4.3994% for Xuzhou City’s air quality index. The research work provides a useful reference for air quality index prediction.
Design and Optimization of the Collector of Electric Sugarcane Leaves Returning Field Machine
Authors: Lin Yisen , Yu Meng , Wen Fujun , Zhang Zengxue , Tang Yanqin , Wang Yuxing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the collector is designed for electric sugarcane leaves returning field machine. According to the working principles of the collector and the moving trace rules of collecting components, we confirm the important structural parameters of the collector by using the ADAMS software for motion simulation optimization, including the rotor radius, crank length, the locus curve in the center of cam disc slide and et al. The ADAMS software is used for simulating the movement of the collector with different combinations of two factors (the forward speed of machine and rotate speed of roller plate), and we can obtain the results about the angular acceleration at the end of collecting components and the leakage area per meter. The data obtained from the simulation test is analyzed by Central Composite Design (CCD) with the aim of assessing the best working parameter combination on low leakage rate. The best parameter combination of two variables are determine, i.e., the forward speed is v=0.4 m/s, and the rotate speed is ω=49.41 rpm. The sum area of leakage area is 26.95cm2/m, and the largest angular acceleration at the end of collecting components is 200 rad/s2. The collector based on the theoretical design results is produced, and it would be tested in the forward speed of v=0.4 m/s, and rotate speed of ω=50 rpm for analyzing its performance. The test results show that the collecting effect of the collector is well, and the leakage rate is 2.93 %, which can be up to the requirement of agricultural technical index. The collector can complete the collecting work of the sugarcane leaves returning field machine.
Quenching Process Simulation of Spur Gear Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zhang JingDong , Yang Kuan , Zhao Shenglian , Zheng Bin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Gear transmission is one of the most common mechanical transmissions in contemporary machinery. It is the main form of transmission of mechanical power and movement, and it is an important part of all kinds of machinery. For gear transmission, better hardness and wear resistance are required, which can be achieved by quenching process. But the spur gear in quenching process, its size and shape will appear different degree of deformation, this paper uses the Pro/Engineering software to establish solid parameterized model of the spur gears. Then, the simplified single tooth solid model of the spur gear imported to ANSYS software to obtain the finite element model. The temperature field of the single tooth spur gear during quenching were carried out. Thus, it is concluded that the relationship between the factors influencing the quenching. The results provide a certain reference basis for the establishment of the hot working processes of the spur gear.
The effect of impingement angle on erosion wear characteristics of HVOF sprayed WC-Ni and WC-Cr3C2-Ni cermet composite coatings
Authors: Chen Yirui , Wu Yuping , Hong Sheng , Long Weiyang , Ji Xiulin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the erosion wear behavior of WC-Ni and WC-Cr3C2-Ni cermet coatings deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process on the substrate of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel. Microstructures and morphologies of the coatings were examined using SEM images, and x-ray diffractometer was used to analyze the phase composition of the powder and the coatings. The erosion test was carried out using home-made jet rig. In order to better fit the research background of this study, the erodent used for erosion was taken from the Yellow River, China. The coating is well combined with the substrate; and WC-Cr3C2-Ni coating consists of WC, Cr3C2 and Ni phases, WC-Ni coating consists of WC, W2C and Ni phases. Some mechanical properties of the two coatings were compared, WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings have higher hardness to be compared with WC-Ni ones due to a lower binder content; and the elasticity modulus and nano-hardness values of the WC-Cr3C2-Ni coating are higher than that of the WC-Ni coating. The relationship between the wear performance of the coatings and impingement angle was obtained; and the erosion resistance of the coatings was analyzed. It was observed that WC-Cr3C2-Ni cermet coating exhibits higher erosion resistance under all testing conditions as compared with the WC-Ni cermet coating and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel. The results show that the erosion mechanism at low angle is mainly cutting, while erosion pits dominate at high angle for the coatings, moreover, plastic deformation could be observed in the case of the binder depletion and cracking found place. and the erosion mechanisms of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel are mainly cutting and plastic deformation at low angle and high angle, respectively.
The politics of frailty
Authors: Vernon Martin J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The world population is ageing because of falling fertility and improved life expectancy. Knowing this has not helped governments develop sustainable health and care policies because the underlying causes and impacts of population ageing remain poorly understood. Planning using only population age structure does not account for uneven geographical distribution of older people, their health characteristics, functional needs or lived experiences. English National Health Service (NHS) policy has previously focused on arbitrary age segmentation, failing to capture the origins of cumulative disease and functional burden and missing the opportunity to incorporate wider determinants of health into prevention of poor-quality ageing. This is despite growing international evidence that adults living in places with low per capita income and educational attainment experience a higher burden of age-related disease. Lack of a credible ageing narrative and good quality population health data have contributed to a focus on single disease prevention, rather than life course disease aggregation and its personal impacts. However, a fully explicated health and care narrative incorporating frailty does now give some cause for optimism. In 2017, England became the first country to characterise and systematically identify frailty as a long-term treatable health condition. This was coincident with a UK Government’s Industrial Strategy targeting societal ageing. In 2019, the English NHS published a funded long-term plan including a major programme focused on ageing well. Policy makers, health leaders and clinicians must not squander these opportunities but instead pursue frailty prevention and intervention to improve the quality of population ageing.