bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet of Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus)
Authors: Teixeira Fagner Daniel , Mesquita Elisa Paraíso , Ferreira Michele Alves , de Araújo Felipe Carvalho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Ornate Hawk-Eagle (Spizaetus ornatus) is a top predator and inhabits mainly preserved forests. It occurs from Mexico to Argentina and throughout Brazil, where it is threatened by extinction. It hunts birds, mammals and reptiles, picking up both on the ground and on the branches in the forest. Here we report data on a pair and one young individual of this species registered in the southeast of Minas Gerais state, eastern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Brazil. In addition, a literature review on the diet of the species was carried out aiming gather data on food habits. The nesting territory, as well as the nest was discovered in semi-deciduous seasonal forest area. We recorded predation of a Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus) by the young. After two days of observation, the nest was overthrown, what allowed its screening for other food items discovered after analysis of some feathers and bones. Detailed records of predation ofS. ornatuswere non-existent or inaccurate. Taking together our own field observation and the literature review, we found 121 taxa consumed byS. ornatus. A total of 78 bird species were reported, mainly Galliformes, followed by medium-sized mammals (38 species), well represented by Rodentia and Primates.
Playful waterbird: Australasian Darter (Anhinga novaehollandiae) plays with sticks
Authors: Sazima Ivan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlay with objects by birds is recorded usually for nestlings and juveniles. This behaviour is regarded as important for motor development and practice of essential skills, mostly foraging and breeding. Play is recorded for the Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) in North America. For the remaining three recognised species play with objects seems unreported. Herein I present events of play with objects by a maturing individual of the Australasian Darter (Anhinga novaehollandiae) recorded at the urban area of Sydney, southeastern Australia. In one of the play events, the darter played with a stick it broke from a partly submerged tree it was resting on. In another event, the bird picked a floating pod, tossed it into the air and caught it again. As the Australasian Darter maturing individual possibly was a male, it could be practicing to gather sticks for nest construction, whereas playing with the pod is related to prey handling.
A comparison of bird communities in natural and revegetated grasslands in south Brazil
Authors: Becker Rafael Gustavo , Paise Gabriela , Pizo Marco Aurélio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNatural grasslands are declining due to loss, fragmentation and degradation, resulting in the decline of grassland-associated bird species. The Pampas Biome in south Brazil is not exception to this worldwide trend, facing the expansion of croplands and afforestation with exotic tree plantations for cellulose production. To cope with the continuous degradation and loss of grasslands, restoration is an important conservation strategy, but basic information regarding the response of the fauna to restoration practices in southeastern South America grasslands is lacking. Here we compared the structure of bird communities in natural grasslands and revegetated grasslands after mining by planting native and exotic grasses. We sampled birds using 5-min point counts with unlimited radius in three replicates of each habitat (natural and revegetated grasslands; average size 22.2 ± 2.3 ha). We also compared the vegetation density between the two habitat types. The structure of bird communities at natural and revegetated grasslands differed, with natural grasslands presenting higher species richness (42 vs. 35 species) and abundance (1459 vs. 839 records) than revegetated areas, and also a distinct species composition. Ten of the 11 grassland species that were associated to one of the two habitat types occurred more frequently in natural grasslands, which had higher vegetation density than revegetated areas. Even a decade after the beginning of the restoration process, revegetated areas did not resemble natural grasslands in bird species richness, abundance, and composition. These results differed from another study conducted in the Brazilian Pampas in which native plant species were used to actively restore a grassland. Therefore, until we have additional studies addressing the use of exotic grasses for the recovery of bird communities in South America grasslands, we encourage greater representation of native plant species in restoration projects.
Testing Macdonald index as a refined character of chiral algebra
Authors: Watanabe Akimi , Zhu Rui-Dong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We test in (An−1, Am−1) Argyres-Douglas theories with gcd(n, m) = 1 the proposal of Song’s in [1] that the Macdonald index gives a refined character of the dual chiral algebra. In particular, we extend the analysis to higher rank theories and Macdonald indices with surface operator, via the TQFT picture and Gaiotto-Rastelli-Razamat’s Higgsing method. We establish the prescription for refined characters in higher rank minimal models from the dual (An−1, Am−1) theories in the large m limit, and then provide evidence for Song’s proposal to hold (at least) in some simple modules (including the vacuum module) at finite m. We also discuss some observed mismatch in our approach for surface operators with large vortex number.
Gauge-flavon unification
Authors: Aranda Alfredo , de Anda Francisco J. , King Stephen F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper we propose the idea that flavons can emerge from extra dimensional gauge fields, referred to as gauge-flavon unification (GFU) analogous to gauge-Higgs unification (GHU). We assume that there is a gauged family symmetry in extra dimensions and that the flavons are the extra dimensional components of the gauge field. This provides a simple mechanism to align the VEVs of the flavons through a combination of Wilson lines and orbifold symmetry breaking. We present some simple 5d examples of GFU based on SO(3) and SU(4) gauged family symmetry, the latter case yielding SU(3) × U(1) gauged family symmetry in 4d, broken by triplet and antitriplet flavons, with effective couplings to fermions. We also present a general formalism for Wilson lines and orbifolds, in any number of dimensions, including non-commutative aspects Wilson lines, which may be useful for aligning additional flavons as required for realistic models.
Expectation values of coherent states for SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theories
Authors: Liegener Klaus , Zwicknagel Ernst-Albrecht 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article investigates properties of semiclassical Gauge Field Theory Coherent States for general quantum gauge theories. Useful, e.g., for the canonical formulation of Lattice Gauge Theories these states are labelled by a point in the classical phase space and constructed such that the expectation values of the canonical operators are sharply peaked on said phase space point. For the case of the non-abelian gauge group SU(2), we will explicitly compute the expectation value of general polynomials including the first order quantum corrections. This allows asking more precise questions about the quantum fluctuations of any given semiclassical system.
Anwendungsszenarien und Technologiebewertung von digitalen Werkerassistenzsystemen in der Produktion – Ergebnisse einer Interview-Studie mit Experten aus der Wissenschaft, der Politik und der betrieblichen Praxis
Authors: Blumberg Verena Simone Lore , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung neuer digitaler Technologien wie digitale Werkerassistenzsysteme (z. B. Datenbrillen und Tablets) im Produktionsbereich führen zu Veränderungen der Arbeitswelt. Bestehende Modelle der Arbeitsgestaltung betrachten Technologien als Antezedenzien für die Arbeitsgestaltung. Die Theorie der sozialen Gestaltung von Technologien nimmt an, dass unterschiedliche Akteure Einfluss auf die Gestaltung und Verbreitung von Technologien im betrieblichen Kontext nehmen. Bisher ist kaum bekannt, welche Erwartungen unterschiedliche Akteure an die Anwendung und Gestaltung digitaler Werkerassistenzsysteme stellen. Ziel dieses Beitrags der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) ist es, die Sichtweisen relevanter Akteure im Technologieentwicklungsprozess zu erfassen und basierende darauf Handlungs- und Gestaltungsempfehlungen für den Einsatz digitaler Werkerassistenzsysteme in der betrieblichen Praxis zu geben. Hierfür wurden 76 halbstrukturierte Interviews mit Wissenschaftlern, politischen Akteuren und betrieblichen Praktikern durchgeführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Als Ergebnis dieser Studie ist ein Kategoriensystem für die Einteilung von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten digitaler Werkerassistenzsysteme in der Produktion entstanden, das einen Ausgangspunkt für betriebliche Entscheidungsprozesse bei der Technologieeinführung darstellen kann. Die identifizierten Chancen und Risiken beim Einsatz von digitalen Werkerassistenzsystemen stellen Ansatzpunkte für die Technologiegestaltung und die Technologieimplementierung im Unternehmen bereit.
Role of the porphyrins and demulsifiers in the aggregation process of asphaltenes at water/oil interfaces under desalting conditions: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Santos Silva H. , Alfarra A. , Vallverdu G. , Bégué D. , Bouyssiere B. , Baraille I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBreaking water-in-oil emulsions during the refining of crude oils is an important step before any upgrading process is started. Asphaltene molecules are incriminated as playing an important role in this phenomenon. Unraveling the mechanisms behind the affinity between them and water is a key step to understand how to break these emulsions more easily and require lower amounts of demulsifiers. Choosing which demulsifier molecule(s) to use is also primordial, but to do so rationally, one needs to know which are the molecular interactions in place between asphaltenes, porphyrins and water so that demulsifiers are chosen to destabilize a specific physical–chemical interaction. In this paper, we study the interactions arising between asphaltenes and porphyrins and six different molecules potentially displaying a demulsification action in the presence of water/oil interfaces. We demonstrate that the ionic demulsifier molecules present an interesting potential to either interact strongly with water, replacing asphaltenes in this interaction, or to interact with the active sites of asphaltenes, deactivating them and avoiding any asphaltenic interfacial activity. Finally, we also found that although asphaltenes do not migrate spontaneously toward the water/oil interfaces, porphyrins do so rather easily. This indicates that porphyrins do have an important activity at the water/oil interface.
The Biological Structure Model Archive (BSM-Arc): an archive for in silico models and simulations
Authors: Bekker Gert-Jan , Kawabata Takeshi , Kurisu Genji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present the Biological Structure Model Archive (BSM-Arc, https://bsma.pdbj.org), which aims to collect raw data obtained via in silico methods related to structural biology, such as computationally modeled 3D structures and molecular dynamics trajectories. Since BSM-Arc does not enforce a specific data format for the raw data, depositors are free to upload their data without any prior conversion. Besides uploading raw data, BSM-Arc enables depositors to annotate their data with additional explanations and figures. Furthermore, via our WebGL-based molecular viewer Molmil, it is possible to recreate 3D scenes as shown in the corresponding scientific article in an interactive manner. To submit a new entry, depositors require an ORCID ID to login, and to finally publish the data, an accompanying peer-reviewed paper describing the work must be associated with the entry. Submitting their data enables researchers to not only have an external backup but also provide an opportunity to promote their work via an interactive platform and to provide third-party researchers access to their raw data.
Normally Grown Non-dysmorphic Stillbirth Post 38 Weeks Gestation and Reduced Fetal Movements: A Matter of Reserve? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Campbell Jamie , Evans Margaret J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between placental weight relative to birthweight and risk of stillbirth in non-dysmorphic fetuses ≥ 38 weeks gestation with no evidence of intrauterine growth restriction. This is a retrospective study of stillbirths who underwent post-mortem between 1st Jan 2011 and 31st Dec 2018 in South East Scotland (n = 55). The control group (n = 74) was matched for gestation, age of mother and maternal BMI. There was a significant difference (p = 0.0117) in the mean ratio of birth weight to placental weight (BW:PW) between the stillbirth group (8.17) and control group (7.33). Cases of stillbirths where the mother had reported reduced fetal movements (RFM) had a higher BW:PW compared to controls (p = 0.024). Within the RFM stillbirth group, 5/6 (83%) cases showed significant changes of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) and/or fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM); whilst within the RFM control group, 5/15 (33%) cases showed significant changes of MVM and/or FVM. There is a significantly higher BW:PW within the stillbirth group than within the control group, both groups show changes of MVM and/or FVM and our supposition is that these changes have a greater impact on placental reserve when the birthweight is high relative to placental weight. Reduced fetal movements may indicate diminished placental reserve. We propose that the ability to predict a high BW:PW within pregnancies where the mothers report RFM may help to prevent late stillbirth in non-IUGR infants.
Small Talk und Bildungssprache in der Peer-Kommunikation unter Schülerinnen und Schülern
Authors: Könning Benjamin 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungPeer-Kommunikation in der Schule rein defizitorientiert als belanglosen Small Talk bar jeder sinnvollen Funktion abzutun, verstellt den Blick auf kooperative sprachliche Praktiken, die ihre ganz eigenen Funktionen im institutionellen Spannungsfeld aus Leistungserwartungen und dem Bedürfnis nach Anerkennung in der Peergroup erfüllen. Wie zu diskutieren sein wird, weisen die Gespräche sowohl Aspekte von »Small Talk« als auch von »Konversation« auf. Abseits des Unterrichtsgeschehens in der Schule spiegeln sich zudem auf verschiedene Weise bildungssprachliche Praktiken wider.
Thinking with Digital Images in the Post-Truth Era: A Method in Critical Media Literacy
Authors: Lacković Nataša 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article introduces a new method to support critical media literacy, learning and research in higher education. It acts as a response to an unprecedented profusion of visual information across digital media that contributes to the contemporary post-truth era, marked by fake news and uncritical consumption of the media. Whereas much has been written about the reasons behind and the character of the post-truth, less space has been dedicated to how educators could counteract the uncritical consumption of images from the perspective of semiotics. This article adopts a unique semiotic approach to address the stated gap. It discusses in depth the meaning making of pictures, digital photographs and material objects that photographs can embody. It does so by focusing on three aspects of a pictorial sign: (1) the materiality of its representation and representational elements, (2) its object (what the sign refers to) and (3) its descriptive interpretations. These three aspects inform the signification analysis within the proposed production-signification-consumption (PSC) method, exemplified with digital photographs. Understanding and analysing images via the PSC method draw attention to how humans create, interpret, (re)use, consume and respond to online and offline communication signs. The method can contribute to the development of critical media literacy as an engagement with postdigital semiotics, much needed in an age of global ecological and social crises, uncertainty and fast consumption of digital content.
A systematic comparison between infant formula compositions using the Bray-Curtis Similarity Index
Authors: Al-Abdi Sameer , Aljughaiman Abdullah , Alrashidi Jaber , Aldarwish Manar , Zekri Alaa , Alshamari Falah 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Making an informed choice between the available infant formulas is challenging, as there is no unbiased tool allowing a systematic comparison between the very long lists of infant formula compositions.

Aim:
The aim is to present the Bray-Curtis Similarity Index (BCSI) as a tool for systematic comparison between standard stage-1 infant formula (SS-1-IF) compositions.

Methods:
We obtained the nutrient levels from the packaging labels of 23 SS-1-IFs available in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, in April 2018. The international legislations that launched infant formula standards endorse targeting the minimum rather than the maximum proposed nutrients levels. Thus, we blindly compared between displayed nutrients levels on each of the 23-studied SS-1-IF and the minimum international proposed nutrient levels via using the BCSI.

Results:
The range of the total displayed components was 38–57. Except for docosahexaenoic acid, all displayed components were within the standard recommended range. The BCSI summarized all displayed nutrients in a single number. The BCSI of the studied SS-1-IF ranged from 0.4141 to 0.79730. We ranked the 23 studied SS-1-IFs based on the higher BCSI is the closer to the minimum proposed nutrient levels. A dendrogram segregated the SS-1-IFs into four clusters based on their BSCI and total numbers of all displayed components.

Conclusions:
We think the BCSI is an appropriate tool for a systematic comparison between SS-1-IFs compositions and may help for choosing a SS-1-IF.
Dual hydrocarbon–geothermal energy exploitation: potential synergy between the production of natural gas and warm water from the subsurface
Authors: van der Molen Jeroen , Peters Elisabeth , Jedari-Eyvazi Farid , van Gessel Serge F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The decline of domestic natural gas production, increasing dependency on gas imports and lagging development of renewable energy production may pose serious challenges to the current high standards of secure energy supply in the Netherlands. This paper examines synergy between hydrocarbon- and geothermal exploitation as a means to reinforce energy security. The Roden gas field is used as an example to demonstrate potential delay of water breakthrough in the gas well and a resulting increase of recovered gas (up to 19%), by positioning of a geothermal doublet in the water leg of the gas field. The reservoir simulations show that the total increase of gas production primarily depends on the amount of aquifer support. An optimal configuration of gas- and geothermal wells is key to maximise gas recovery and strongly depends on the distribution of reservoir properties. The study also reveals that this option can still be beneficial for gas fields in a late stage of production.
Net Present Value calculations show that the added value from the geothermal doublet on total gas production could lead to an early repayment of initial investments in the geothermal project, thereby reducing the overall financial risk. If no subsidies are taken into account, the additional profits can also be used to finance the geothermal project up to break-even level within 15 years. However, this comes with a cost as the additional profits from improved gas recovery are significantly reduced.
Climate change contributing to conflicts between livestock farming and guanaco conservation in central Chile: a subjective theories approach
Authors: Vargas Solange P. , Castro-Carrasco Pablo J. , Rust Niki A. , Riveros F. José Luis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNegative interactions between guanacosLama guanicoeand ranchers have recently intensified in central Chile because guanacos are perceived to be competing with livestock for pasture resources. We examined this conservation conflict with a novel approach that considers ranchers' subjective theories, to better understand the origins of the conflict and to identify effective conservation measures based on the participants' explanations. Our findings indicate that ranchers see the source of the current problem in a shift towards increasingly arid conditions associated with climate change. We suggest the ranchers’ perceived problems are not only caused by interspecific resource competition arising from this climatic shift, but also by reported difficulties in negotiating with governmental institutions. This study adds to knowledge of human–wildlife interactions by exploring a further dimension of the complex ecological and social interactions taking place on livestock farms. We recommend identifying effective, acceptable solutions by considering and understanding the everyday knowledge of the conflict's protagonists and their potential for change.
Risk and protective factors for psychotic experiences in adolescence: a population-based study
Authors: McMahon Elaine M. , Corcoran Paul , Keeley Helen , Clarke Mary , Coughlan Helen , Wasserman Danuta , Hoven Christina W. , Carli Vladimir , Sarchiapone Marco , Healy Colm , Cannon Mary 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychotic experiences (PEs) are reported by a significant minority of adolescents and are associated with the development of psychiatric disorders. The aims of this study were to examine associations between PEs and a range of factors including psychopathology, adversity and lifestyle, and to investigate mediating effects of coping style and parental support on associations between adversity and PEs in a general population adolescent sample.MethodCross-sectional data were drawn from the Irish centre of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe study. Students completed a self-report questionnaire and 973 adolescents, of whom 522 (53.6%) were boys, participated. PEs were assessed using the 7-item Adolescent Psychotic Symptom Screener.ResultsOf the total sample, 81 (8.7%) of the sample were found to be at risk of PEs. In multivariate analysis, associations were found between PEs and number of adverse events reported (OR 4.48, CI 1.41–14.25; p < 0.011), maladaptive/pathological internet use (OR 2.70, CI 1.30–5.58; p = 0.007), alcohol intoxication (OR 2.12, CI 1.10–4.12; p = 0.025) and anxiety symptoms (OR 4.03, CI 1.57–10.33; p = 0.004). There were small mediating effects of parental supervision, parental support and maladaptive coping on associations between adversity and PEs.ConclusionWe have identified potential risk factors for PEs from multiple domains including adversity, mental health and lifestyle factors. The mediating effect of parental support on associations between adversity and PEs suggests that poor family relationships may account for some of this mechanism. These findings can inform the development of interventions for adolescents at risk.