bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Notch signaling and the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Lomelí Hilda , Castillo‐Castellanos Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is able to give rise to all blood cell lineages in vertebrates. HSCs are generated in the early embryo after two precedent waves of primitive hematopoiesis. Canonical Notch signaling is at the center of the complex mechanism that controls the development of the definitive HSC. The successful in vitro generation of hematopoietic cells from pluripotent stem cells with the capacity for multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution after transplantation requires the recapitulation of the most important process that takes place in the hemogenic endothelium during definitive hematopoiesis, that is the endothelial‐to‐hematopoietic transition (EHT). To meet this challenge, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the molecular mechanisms that modulate Notch signaling during the HSC differentiation process considering different temporal and spatial dimensions. In recent years, there have been important advances in this field. Here, we review relevant contributions describing different genes, factors, environmental cues, and signaling cascades that regulate the EHT through Notch interactions at multiple levels. The evolutionary conservation of the hematopoietic program has made possible the use of diverse model systems. We describe the contributions of the zebrafish model and the most relevant ones from transgenic mouse studies and from in vitro differentiated pluripotent cells.
Novel co‐occurrence of functionally redundant consumers induced by range expansion alters community structure
Authors: Aguilera Moisés A. , Valdivia Nelson , Broitman Bernardo R. , Jenkins Stuart R. , Navarrete Sergio A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOngoing climate change is shifting the geographic distributions of some species, potentially imposing rapid changes in local community structure and ecosystem functioning. Besides changes in population‐level interspecific interactions, such range shifts may also cause changes in functional structure within the host assemblages, which can result in losses or gains in ecosystem functions. Because consumer‐resource dynamics are central to community regulation, functional reorganization driven by introduction of new consumer species can have large consequences on ecosystem functions. Here we experimentally examine the extent to which the recent poleward range expansion of the intertidal grazer limpet Scurria viridula along the coast of Chile has altered the role of the resident congeneric limpet S. zebrina, and whether the net collective impacts, and functional structure, of the entire herbivore guild have been modified by the introduction of this new member. We examined the functional role of Scurria species in controlling ephemeral algal cover, bare rock availability, and species richness and diversity, and compared the effects in the region of range overlap against their respective “native” abutted ranges. Experiments showed depression of per capita effects of the range‐expanded species within the region of overlap, suggesting environmental conditions negatively affect individual performance. In contrast, effects of S. zebrina were commonly invariant at its range edge. When comparing single species versus polycultures, effects on bare rock cover were altered by the presence of the other Scurria species, suggesting competition between Scurria species. Importantly, although the magnitude of S. viridula effects at the range overlap was reduced, its addition to the herbivore guild seems to complement and intensify the role of the guild in reducing green algal cover, species richness and increasing bare space provision. Our study thus highlights that range expansion of an herbivore can modify the functional guild structure in the recipient community. It also highlights the complexity of predicting how functional structure may change in the face of natural or human‐induced range expansions. There is a need for more field‐based examination of regional functional compensation, complementarity, or inhibition before we can construct a conceptual framework to anticipate the consequences of species range expansions.
A framework and standardized terminology to facilitate the study of predation‐risk effects
Authors: Peacor Scott D. , Barton Brandon T. , Kimbro David L. , Sih Andrew , Sheriff Michael J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe very presence of predators can strongly influence flexible prey traits such as behavior, morphology, life history, and physiology. In a rapidly growing body of literature representing diverse ecological systems, these trait (or “fear”) responses have been shown to influence prey fitness components and density, and to have indirect effects on other species. However, this broad and exciting literature is burdened with inconsistent terminology that is likely hindering the development of inclusive frameworks and general advances in ecology. We examine the diverse terminology used in the literature, and discuss pros and cons of the many terms used. Common problems include the same term being used for different processes, and many different terms being used for the same process. To mitigate terminological barriers, we developed a conceptual framework that explicitly distinguishes the multiple predation‐risk effects studied. These multiple effects, along with suggested standardized terminology, are risk‐induced trait responses (i.e., effects on prey traits), interaction modifications (i.e., effects on prey–other‐species interactions), nonconsumptive effects (i.e., effects on the fitness and density of the prey), and trait‐mediated indirect effects (i.e., the effects on the fitness and density of other species). We apply the framework to three well studied systems to highlight how it can illuminate commonalities and differences among study systems. By clarifying and elucidating conceptually similar processes, the framework and standardized terminology can facilitate communication of insights and methodologies across systems and foster cross‐disciplinary perspectives.
Heart failure signs and symptoms, hospital referrals, and prescription patterns in patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan in primary care and cardiologist settings in Germany
Authors: Wachter Rolf , Klebs Sven , Balas Bogdan , Kap Elisabeth , Engelhard Johanna , Schlienger Raymond , Bruce Wirta Sara , Fonseca Ana Filipa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this paper was to analyse heart failure (HF) signs and symptoms, hospital referrals, and prescription patterns in patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) in primary care and cardiology settings in Germany.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort study of electronic medical records identified 1263 adults (aged ≥18 years) in the German IMS® Disease Analyzer database who were prescribed sac/val during 2016 and had at least 6 months of data following sac/val initiation. Clinical characteristics were collected during the 12 months before the first recorded sac/val prescription (index date) and 6 months post‐index. Details of sac/val dose and prescription patterns were also recorded in the 6 months post‐index. HF signs, symptoms, and all‐cause hospital referrals were evaluated for 90 days pre‐index and 30–120 days post‐index. Most patients (62%) were prescribed the lowest sac/val dose of 24/26 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) at index; only 14% of patients initiated on 24/26 mg or 49/51 mg b.i.d. were up‐titrated to the 97/103 mg b.i.d. target dose during the 6 months post‐index, while 6% of patients initiated on either 49/51 mg or 97/103 mg b.i.d. were stably down‐titrated. Evaluation of prescription patterns in relation to clinical characteristics did not clearly explain the reluctance to up‐titrate in the majority of patients. More patients experienced HF signs or symptoms or all‐cause referrals to hospital during the 90 days pre‐index than during the 30–120 days post‐index.ConclusionsThe majority of patients receiving sac/val are not up‐titrated, contrary to recommendations of the EU summary of product characteristics; this is not fully explained by patients' clinical characteristics. Further research is required to understand the reasons for clinician inertia.
NK1.1+ innate lymphoid cells in salivary glands inhibit establishment of tissue‐resident memory CD8+ T cells in mice
Authors: Woyciechowski Sandra , Weißert Kristoffer , Ammann Sandra , Aichele Peter , Pircher Hanspeter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNK1.1+ cells found in salivary glands (SG) represent a unique cell population of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) with characteristics of both conventional NK cells and ILC1. Here, we demonstrate that these NK1.1+ cells limit the accumulation and differentiation of virus‐specific tissue‐resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM cells) in SG of mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The negative regulation of LCMV‐specific CD8+ TRM cells by NK1.1+ cells in SG is independent of NKG2D, NKp46, TRAIL, and perforin. Moreover, analysis of NKp46iCre+Eomesfl/fl mice revealed that Eomes‐dependent conventional NK cells are dispensable for negative regulation. Since the SG are prone to autoimmune reactions, regulation of TRM cells by tissue‐resident ILC may be particularly important to prevent immunopathology in this organ.
Separation and determination of alkyl sulfate surfactants in wastewater by capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection after preconcentration by simultaneous adsorption using alumina beads
Authors: Pham Huy Dong , Dang Thi Huyen My , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Nhung , Nguyen Thi Anh Huong , Pham Thi Ngoc Mai , Pham Tien Duc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to determine four anionic alkyl sulfate (AS) surfactants with different alkyl chains, namely, C8, C10, C12, and C14, in wastewater by CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D). The conditions effective for the separation of the four AS surfactants were systematically optimized and found to be in a Tris‐His (50 mM/20 mM) BGE solution at a pH of 8.95, using a separation voltage of +15 kV, hydrodynamic injection by siphoning using a 20 cm injection height and an injection time of 20 s. The LODs for C8, C10, C12, and C14 were 2.58, 2.30, 2.08, and 3.16 mg/L, respectively. The conditions used to achieve the simultaneous adsorption and preconcentration of the AS surfactants using Al2O3 beads were pH of 3 and 0.1 mM NaCl. The adsorption efficiencies were found to be 45.6, 50.8, 81.7, and 99.9%, while the desorption efficiencies reached 66.1, 70.4, 83.9, and 100.0% for C8, C10, C12, and C14, respectively. The concentrations of the AS surfactants in wastewater samples were quantified by CE‐C4D after preconcentration by simultaneous adsorption using Al2O3 beads. The results obtained from the proposed method were consistent with those obtained by HPLC‐MS/MS, with a deviation of less than 15%. Our results indicate that the CE‐C4D performed after preconcentration by an adsorption technique using Al2O3 beads is a new, inexpensive, and suitable method for quantifying AS surfactants in wastewater samples.
Delta brush variant: A novel ictal EEG pattern in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis
Authors: Huang Qi , Liao Yuhan , Ma Meigang , Wu Yuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeizure is one of the main symptoms of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, but data of ictal electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns remain limited. In this study, we aimed to introduce a unique ictal pattern. This delta brush variant (DBV) was characterized as generalized delta rhythm with fast spike activity riding on it. We retrospectively evaluated the ictal pattern from six patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, and patients were grouped based on the presence of DBV. DBV was found in two patients who were in the florid phase of the disease: (a) A 17‐year‐old girl experienced rhythmical jerking of bilateral limbs. Corresponding EEG patterns showed generalized DBV. Seizure terminated after intravenous injection of midazolam, but oral‐facial dyskinesia reappeared; and (b) a 24‐year‐old man suffered stiffening of the right limbs and oral‐facial dyskinesia. The EEG pattern showed frontal DBV with left prominence. Seizure was controlled, but oral‐facial dyskinesia remained after intravenous injection of midazolam. Compared with patients without DBV, patients in this group were more likely to have prolonged excessive delta brush (100% vs 25%) and hyperpyrexia (39.7℃ vs 38.2℃). Duration in ICU (36 days vs 18 days) and hospital (52 days vs 36 days) was relatively longer in DBV group, and no significant difference was found in terms of the mRS score (1 vs 0.5) and seizure relapse rate (0% vs 25%) during 3‐month follow‐up. DBV is a peculiar pattern in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. An EEG‐based monitoring should be considered to avoid misleading this ictal EEG pattern to the electromyographic artifact.
Simultaneous water and vapour transfer in an unsaturated mudstone in badlands terrain, southwestern Taiwan
Authors: Higuchi Kohei , Chigira Masahiro , Lee Der‐Her , Wu Jian‐Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe simultaneous transfer of pore fluid and vapour was studied in the unsaturated shallow subsurface of a Plio‐Pleistocene marine mudstone badland slope in southwestern Taiwan during the dry season using field monitoring data and numerical simulations. Data from field monitoring show mass‐basis water contents of ~0.05 to ~0.10 that decrease towards the unsaturated ground surface and were invariant during the middle part of the dry season, except for daily fluctuations. In addition, the observed daily fluctuations in water content correlate with fluctuations in bedrock temperature, especially at depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. Periodic increases in water content occurred most notably during the day, when the bedrock temperature showed the greatest increase. Water contents then decreased to the previous state as bedrock temperature decreased during the night. Calculated vapour fluxes within the mudstone during the day increased up to 6 × 10−6–1 × 10−5 kg m−2 s−1, deriving a 0.01–0.02 increase in mass‐basis water content at 2.5 cm depth for a 12‐h period. This agrees with field monitoring data, suggesting that increases in water content occurred due to vapour intrusions into the bedrock. Pore water electrical conductivity (EC) showed periodic variations due to vapour intrusion, and gradually increased between the ground surface and depths of 2.5–5.0 cm. In contrast, pore water EC gradually decreased between 15 and 40 cm depth. Calculated water fluxes at depths of 2.5–40.0 cm varied from −4 × 10−6 to −2 × 10−9 kg m−2 s−1. These fluxes generated an increase in solute concentrations at the ground surface, with negative values of water flux indicating an upwards movement of water towards the surface. We show that the increase in solute content due to solute transfer from depth is highly dependent on variations in water flux with depth. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a source of food: Nutritional and health benefits
Authors: Adeleke Bartholomew Saanu , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of biofertilizers in developing environmentally friendly agriculture as an alternative to chemical‐based fertilizers in enhancing food production is promising in sustainable agriculture for the improvement in the yield of some commercial crops such as sunflowers and other oilseed crops in terms of quality and quantity. Sunflower is an important oilseed crop native to South America and currently cultivated throughout the world. Generally, the sunflower is considered important based on its nutritional and medicinal value. Due to its beneficial health effects, sunflower has been recognized as functional foods or nutraceutical, although not yet fully harnessed. Sunflower contains mineral elements and phytochemicals such as dietary fiber, manganese, vitamins, tocopherols, phytosterols, triterpene glycosides, α‐tocopherol, glutathione reductase, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, peptides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins; and these compounds contribute to their functional and nutraceutical development. The extract from sunflower is known to be a potential source of antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidants agents that protect human cells against harmful reactive oxygen molecules and pathogenic microorganisms. Also, the pharmacological survey on sunflower had revealed its curative power to different kinds of diseases. The health benefits of sunflower include blood pressure and diabetic control, skin protection, and lowering cholesterol and other functions. This review is written with appropriate referencing to previously published work and provides updated information regarding the new method of organic farming for sunflower production, nutritional and health benefits, and its by‐products as human diet and livestock feed. Also, the constraints of sunflower production are elucidated.
CLASSnmat: A global night marine air temperature data set, 1880–2019
Authors: Cornes Richard C. , Kent Elizabeth.C. , Berry David.I. , Kennedy John J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new data set of Night Marine Air Temperature (NMAT) is presented that builds on the HadNMAT2 data set, which was released in 2013. In a similar manner to HadNMAT2, the new data set (CLASSnmat) provides uninterpolated, monthly global values at a 5° resolution back to 1880. In addition to being extended to the end of 2019, four main developments are made in CLASSnmat: (1) the NMAT values are extracted from the most recent version of the International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS Release 3) and a revised method of eliminating duplicated observations is used; (2) values of NMAT are adjusted to 2m and 20m heights in addition to the 10 m height used in HadNMAT2; (3) a refinement is made to the corrections necessary during World War 2, which uses more of the NMAT observations and hence results in a more extensive spatial coverage for this period than was possible in HadNMAT2; (4) an updated gridding method is used that allows for an improved propagation of uncertainty from the individual NMAT values through to the gridded estimates. In this paper, the method used to construct CLASSnmat (version 1.0.0.0) is described.
Moral hazard and selection for voluntary deductibles
Authors: Alessie Rob J. M. , Angelini Viola , Mierau Jochen O. , Viluma Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates whether the voluntary deductible in the Dutch health insurance system reduces moral hazard or acts only as a cost reduction tool for low‐risk individuals. We use a sample of 14,089 observations, comprising 2,939 individuals over seven waves from the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social sciences panel for the analysis. We employ bivariate models that jointly model the choice of a deductible and health care utilization and supplement the identification with an instrumental variable strategy. The results show that the voluntary deductible reduces moral hazard, especially in the decision to visit a doctor (extensive margin) compared with the number of visits (intensive margin). In addition, a robustness test shows that selection on moral hazard is not present in this context.
Metabolic perturbations prior to hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: Findings from a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Stepien Magdalena , Keski‐Rahkonen Pekka , Kiss Agneta , Robinot Nivonirina , Duarte‐Salles Talita , Murphy Neil , Perlemuter Gabriel , Viallon Vivian , Tjønneland Anne , Rostgaard‐Hansen Agnetha Linn , Dahm Christina C. , Overvad Kim , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Mancini Francesca Romana , Mahamat‐Saleh Yahya , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Kaaks Rudolf , Kühn Tilman , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Palli Domenico , Tagliabue Giovanna , Naccarati Alessio , Vermeulen Roel C.H. , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita Hendrik Bastiaan , Weiderpass Elisabete , Skeie Guri , Ramón Quirós Jose , Ardanaz Eva , Mokoroa Olatz , Sala Núria , Sánchez Maria‐Jose , Huerta José María , Winkvist Anna , Harlid Sophia , Ohlsson Bodil , Sjöberg Klas , Schmidt Julie A. , Wareham Nick , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Ferrari Pietro , Rothwell Joseph A. , Gunter Marc , Riboli Elio , Scalbert Augustin , Jenab Mazda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development entails changes in liver metabolism. Current knowledge on metabolic perturbations in HCC is derived mostly from case‐control designs, with sparse information from prospective cohorts. Our objective was to apply comprehensive metabolite profiling to detect metabolites whose serum concentrations are associated with HCC development, using biological samples from within the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort (>520 000 participants), where we identified 129 HCC cases matched 1:1 to controls. We conducted high‐resolution untargeted liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics on serum samples collected at recruitment prior to cancer diagnosis. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied controlling for dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, body size, hepatitis infection and liver dysfunction. Corrections for multiple comparisons were applied. Of 9206 molecular features detected, 220 discriminated HCC cases from controls. Detailed feature annotation revealed 92 metabolites associated with HCC risk, of which 14 were unambiguously identified using pure reference standards. Positive HCC‐risk associations were observed for N1‐acetylspermidine, isatin, p‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid, tyrosine, sphingosine, l,l‐cyclo(leucylprolyl), glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid and 7‐methylguanine. Inverse risk associations were observed for retinol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, glycerophosphocholine, γ‐carboxyethyl hydroxychroman and creatine. Discernible differences for these metabolites were observed between cases and controls up to 10 years prior to diagnosis. Our observations highlight the diversity of metabolic perturbations involved in HCC development and replicate previous observations (metabolism of bile acids, amino acids and phospholipids) made in Asian and Scandinavian populations. These findings emphasize the role of metabolic pathways associated with steroid metabolism and immunity and specific dietary and environmental exposures in HCC development.