bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breaking beta: a comparison of mass modelling methods for spherical systems
Authors: Read J I , Mamon G A , Vasiliev E , Watkins L L , Walker M G , Peñarrubia J , Wilkinson M , Dehnen W , Das P 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We apply four different mass modelling methods to a suite of publicly available mock data for spherical stellar systems. We focus on the recovery of the density and velocity anisotropy as a function of radius, either using line-of-sight velocity data only or adding proper motion data. All methods perform well on isotropic and tangentially anisotropic mock data, recovering the density and velocity anisotropy within their 95 per cent confidence intervals over the radial range 0.25 &lt; R/R1/2 &lt; 4, where R1/2 is the half-light radius. However, radially anisotropic mocks are more challenging. For line-of-sight data alone, only methods that use information about the shape of the velocity distribution function are able to break the degeneracy between the density profile and the velocity anisotropy, β, to obtain an unbiased estimate of both. This shape information can be obtained through directly fitting a global phase-space distribution function, by using higher order ‘virial shape parameters’ or by assuming a Gaussian velocity distribution function locally, but projecting it self-consistently along the line of sight. Including proper motion data yields further improvements, and in this case, all methods give a good recovery of both the radial density and velocity anisotropy profiles.
Distances to PHANGS galaxies: New tip of the red giant branch measurements and adopted distances
Authors: Anand Gagandeep S , Lee Janice C , Van Dyk Schuyler D , Leroy Adam K , Rosolowsky Erik , Schinnerer Eva , Larson Kirsten , Kourkchi Ehsan , Kreckel Kathryn , Scheuermann Fabian , Rizzi Luca , Thilker David , Tully R Brent , Bigiel Frank , Blanc Guillermo A , Boquien Médéric , Chandar Rupali , Dale Daniel , Emsellem Eric , Deger Sinan , Glover Simon C O , Grasha Kathryn , Groves Brent , S. Klessen Ralf , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Querejeta Miguel , Sánchez-Blázquez Patricia , Schruba Andreas , Turner Jordan , Ubeda Leonardo , Williams Thomas G , Whitmore Brad 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
PHANGS-HST is an ultraviolet-optical imaging survey of 38 spiral galaxies within ∼20 Mpc. Combined with the PHANGS-ALMA, PHANGS-MUSE surveys and other multiwavelength data, the data set will provide an unprecedented look into the connections between young stars, H ii regions, and cold molecular gas in these nearby star-forming galaxies. Accurate distances are needed to transform measured observables into physical parameters (e.g. brightness to luminosity, angular to physical sizes of molecular clouds, star clusters and associations). PHANGS-HST has obtained parallel ACS imaging of the galaxy haloes in the F606W and F814W bands. Where possible, we use these parallel fields to derive tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) distances to these galaxies. In this paper, we present TRGB distances for 10 PHANGS galaxies from ∼4 to ∼15 Mpc, based on the first year of PHANGS-HST observations. Four of these represent the first published TRGB distance measurements (IC 5332, NGC 2835, NGC 4298, and NGC 4321), and seven of which are the best available distances to these targets. We also provide a compilation of distances for the 118 galaxies in the full PHANGS sample, which have been adopted for the first PHANGS-ALMA public data release.
Dynamical evolution of population III stellar systems and the resulting binary statistics
Authors: Liu Boyuan , Meynet Georges , Bromm Volker 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We use N-body simulations to study the dynamical evolution of population III (Pop III) stellar systems and the resulting binary statistics. We design a physically motivated framework for the initial conditions of Pop III star clusters, based on small-scale hydrodynamic simulations and the scale-free nature of disc evolution during Pop III star formation. Our novel approach enables us to explore the dependence of binary statistics on initial conditions and arrive at more robust predictions for the signals of Pop III X-ray binaries (XRBs) and binary black hole (BBH) mergers, compared to simple extrapolations of Pop III protostar systems. We find that binary properties are highly sensitive to the initial cluster size and distribution of binary separation, while the effect of initial mass function is relatively minor. Our simulations predict less close binaries, and thus, significantly lower efficiencies (by a factor of ∼10–104) for the formation and accretion of Pop III XRBs, than found in previous studies, implying that the contribution of Pop III XRBs to the cosmic X-ray background is negligible and their feedback effects are unimportant. We estimate the efficiency of Pop III BBH mergers as $\sim 10^{-5}\!-\!10^{-4}\ \rm M_{\odot }^{-1}$, for which three-body hardening by surrounding stars in dense star clusters or close binary interactions is required to facilitate in-spirals of BBHs. All simulation data, including catalogues of Pop III binaries and multiple systems, are publicly available.
Analysis of the Karma asteroid family
Authors: Pavela Debora , Novaković Bojan , Carruba Valerio , Radović Viktor 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe Karma asteroid family is a group of primitive asteroids in the middle part of the main belt, just at the outer edge of the 3J:1A mean-motion resonance. We obtained the list of the family members with 317 asteroids, and estimated that it was formed by the catastrophic disruption of a parent body that was between 34 and 41 km in diameter. Based on the V-shape method, age of the Karma family is estimated to be about 137 Myr. A detailed dynamical map of the region combined with numerical simulations allowed us to reconstruct the long-term dynamical evolution of the family, and to identify the mechanisms responsible for this evolution. The numerical simulations successfully reproduced the main features in the orbital distribution of the family members but also showed that some regions of the Karma family could be missing. A more detailed analysis revealed that these regions likely consist of very dark objects, fainter than absolute magnitude H = 17, that have not yet been detected. Based on the obtained results, we concluded that magnitude–frequency distribution of family members up to H = 16 mag is neither affected by dynamical erosion nor observational incompleteness, and therefore represents the result of collisional grinding of the original family population. Finally, we found that the Karma family have been supplying some asteroids to the near-Earth region via the 3J:1A resonance. Currently, there should about 10 family members larger than 1 km in diameter, orbiting in the near-Earth space.
Mouse Genome Database (MGD): Knowledgebase for mouse–human comparative biology
Authors: Blake Judith A , Baldarelli Richard , Kadin James A , Richardson Joel E , Smith Cynthia L , Bult Carol J ,   the Mouse Genome Database Group, Anagnostopoulos Anna V , Beal Jon S , Bello Susan M , Blodgett Olin , Butler Nancy E , Campbell Jeffry , Christie Karen R , Corbani Lori E , Dolan Mary E , Drabkin Harold J , Flores Maria , Giannatto Susan L , Guerra Angelina , Hale Paul , Hill David P , Judd Jonathan , Law Meiyee , McAndrews Monica , Miers David , Mitchell Cailey , Motenko Howie , Ni Li , Onda Hiroaki , Ormsby Janice , Perry Michelle , Recla Jill M , Shaw David , Sitnikov Dmitry , Tomczuk Monika , Wilming Lauren , Zhu Yunxia ‘Sophia’ 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Mouse Genome Database (MGD; http://www.informatics.jax.org) is the community model organism knowledgebase for the laboratory mouse, a widely used animal model for comparative studies of the genetic and genomic basis for human health and disease. MGD is the authoritative source for biological reference data related to mouse genes, gene functions, phenotypes and mouse models of human disease. MGD is the primary source for official gene, allele, and mouse strain nomenclature based on the guidelines set by the International Committee on Standardized Nomenclature for Mice. MGD’s biocuration scientists curate information from the biomedical literature and from large and small datasets contributed directly by investigators. In this report we describe significant enhancements to the content and interfaces at MGD, including (i) improvements in the Multi Genome Viewer for exploring the genomes of multiple mouse strains, (ii) inclusion of many more mouse strains and new mouse strain pages with extended query options and (iii) integration of extensive data about mouse strain variants. We also describe improvements to the efficiency of literature curation processes and the implementation of an information portal focused on mouse models and genes for the study of COVID-19.
Regulation of ex-translational activities is the primary function of the multi-tRNA synthetase complex
Authors: Cui Haissi , Kapur Mridu , Diedrich Jolene K , Yates John R , Ackerman Susan L , Schimmel Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During mRNA translation, tRNAs are charged by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subsequently used by ribosomes. A multi-enzyme aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) has been proposed to increase protein synthesis efficiency by passing charged tRNAs to ribosomes. An alternative function is that the MSC repurposes specific synthetases that are released from the MSC upon cues for functions independent of translation. To explore this, we generated mammalian cells in which arginyl-tRNA synthetase and/or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase were absent from the MSC. Protein synthesis, under a variety of stress conditions, was unchanged. Most strikingly, levels of charged tRNAArg and tRNAGln remained unchanged and no ribosome pausing was observed at codons for arginine and glutamine. Thus, increasing or regulating protein synthesis efficiency is not dependent on arginyl-tRNA synthetase and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase in the MSC. Alternatively, and consistent with previously reported ex-translational roles requiring changes in synthetase cellular localizations, our manipulations of the MSC visibly changed localization.
Mechanical and structural properties of archaeal hypernucleosomes
Authors: Henneman Bram , Brouwer Thomas B , Erkelens Amanda M , Kuijntjes Gert-Jan , van Emmerik Clara , van der Valk Ramon A , Timmer Monika , Kirolos Nancy C S , van Ingen Hugo , van Noort John , Dame Remus T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many archaea express histones, which organize the genome and play a key role in gene regulation. The structure and function of archaeal histone–DNA complexes remain however largely unclear. Recent studies show formation of hypernucleosomes consisting of DNA wrapped around an ‘endless’ histone-protein core. However, if and how such a hypernucleosome structure assembles on a long DNA substrate and which interactions provide for its stability, remains unclear. Here, we describe micromanipulation studies of complexes of the histones HMfA and HMfB with DNA. Our experiments show hypernucleosome assembly which results from cooperative binding of histones to DNA, facilitated by weak stacking interactions between neighboring histone dimers. Furthermore, rotational force spectroscopy demonstrates that the HMfB–DNA complex has a left-handed chirality, but that torque can drive it in a right-handed conformation. The structure of the hypernucleosome thus depends on stacking interactions, torque, and force. In vivo, such modulation of the archaeal hypernucleosome structure may play an important role in transcription regulation in response to environmental changes.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated hypercalcaemia
Authors: Izzedine Hassan , Chazal Thibaud , Wanchoo Rimda , Jhaveri Kenar D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have recently become a cornerstone for the treatment of different advanced cancers. These drugs have the ability to reactivate the immune system against tumour cells but can also trigger a myriad of side effects, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Although there are numerous reports of CPI-related endocrinopathies, hypercalcaemia as a suspected irAE is not well documented. The mechanisms of CPI hypercalcaemia are not clearly established. However, in our review, four distinct causes emerged: endocrine disease-related, sarcoid-like granuloma, humoral hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid-related hormone and hyperprogressive disease following CPI initiation. Prompt recognition of hypercalcaemia and the institution of therapy can be lifesaving, affording the opportunity to address the underlying aetiology. In this review we discuss the incidence, diagnosis and management of immune-related hypercalcaemia in oncological patients receiving CPI agents.
Common Liabilities in Internalizing Symptoms and Cigarette Use in Adolescence
Authors: Bares Cristina B , Silberg Judy , Kendler Kenneth S , Maes Hermine H 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionSubstance use and mood disorders account for about 10% of the global burden of disease and, among adolescents, are a significant source of disability. The present study examined whether additive genetic or shared environmental factors influenced the covariance of internalizing symptoms and cigarette use during adolescence when both of these problems begin to increase.Aims and MethodsWe used data (n = 1230 pairs of twins) from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (mean age = 15.3) to decompose the variance of internalizing symptoms, cigarette initiation, and quantity of cigarettes smoked in a variance decomposition model that included a beta coefficient to allow for estimates of cigarette initiation to influence quantity of cigarettes smoked.ResultsIn biometric models we were able to equate all parameter estimates by sex. After identifying the best fitting model, parameter estimates were calculated and the significance of overlapping paths between internalizing symptoms and cigarette initiation were tested. After accounting for the genetic architecture of cigarette initiation and quantity smoked, the covariance between internalizing symptoms and cigarette use was accounted for by sex-specific shared and unique environmental factors.ConclusionsAmong adolescents, the overlap in risk factors between internalizing symptoms and cigarette use is because of non-genetic, environmental factors. Further exploration of the environmental sources of variance involved in the onset of adolescents internalizing symptoms and cigarette use is warranted.ImplicationsWe find that during adolescence common environmental factors influence the association between internalizing symptoms and cigarette use. Correlated vulnerabilities because of environmental sources between internalizing and cigarette use may be open to intervention and likely will influence the progression of internalizing and cigarette use.
Ombudsmen as Courts
Authors: Thomson Stephen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The non-judicial character of ombudsmen is viewed as their greatest asset, offering a more accessible, informal and flexible channel than courts for expressing grievances. Yet the Pensions Ombudsman has objected vigorously to its characterisation in the Chancery Division as ‘not a court’, pointing to a range of judicial qualities with which it has been statutorily invested. This raises the broader question of whether ombudsmen can be courts; a rarely considered characterisation. It is argued in this article that, although some ombudsmen exhibit judicial or quasi-judicial attributes, they are categorically distinct from courts and should remain so. Parliament must be astute not to invest ombudsmen with too many judicial qualities, lest the boundary between exercising judicial functions and exercising the judicial power of the state is crossed. This article also gives cause to reflect more broadly on the fundamental and distinctive nature of courts, tribunals and ombudsmen.
Supertropestantivalism
Authors: Giberman Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccording to the identity version of spacetime supersubstantivalism, material objects are numerically identical to spacetime regions. While the view has been commended for its parsimony and concordance with physics, it has not properly been assessed in light of the metaphysics of properties. The present essay fills this void by discerning several subspecies of identity supersubstantivalism, corresponding to various property ontologies. Finding them all wanting, the essay develops and defends a novel brand of supersubstantivalism based on the trope ontology. On this view, here dubbed ‘supertropestantivalism’, regions are pluralities of geometrically and topologically alike tropes, some of which bundle together as material objects. The resulting picture is not itself an identity version of supersubstantivalism, but it retains the originally attractive features of the identity version while avoiding the shortcomings of competing ontologies.
The truth must prevail: citizens’ rights to know the truth during the era of COVID-19
Authors: Sarmiento Philip Joseph D , Yap John Federick C , Espinosa Kevin Aldrin G , Ignacio Ria P , Caro Carisma A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In a recent short report, the necessity of sophisticated practices in gathering records that would facilitate data sharing yields data-driven analysis in time of COVID-19. Consequently, there is a need to present the truth in data analytics in the era of COVID-19. This paper discusses the urgent call for people handling the COVID-19 data to be ethically responsible in their handling, processing, and reporting that impacts the lives of ordinary people especially in this time of pandemic as public health crisis.
Influence of inflammatory and non-inflammatory rheumatic disorders on the clinical and biological profile of type-2 diabetes
Authors: Avouac Jérôme , Elhai Muriel , Forien Marine , Sellam Jérémie , Eymard Florent , Molto Anna , Banal Frédéric , Damiano Joël , Dieudé Philippe , Larger Etienne , Allanore Yannick 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To study the profile of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in patients with RA or OA.

Methods
This observational, multicentre, cross-sectional study included, over a 24-month period, consecutive patients with adult-onset diabetes and RA or OA. We collected demographics, disease activity and severity indices, current treatments for RA and diabetes, history and complications of diabetes. A systematic blood test was performed, assessing inflammatory, immunological and metabolic parameters. The homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA)2-S was used to assess insulin resistance.

Results
We included 167 patients with T2D, 118 with RA and 49 with OA. RA and OA patients had severe T2D with suboptimal metabolic control and a biological profile of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was significantly higher in RA than in OA patients after stratification on age, BMI and CS use [HOMA2-S: 63.5 (35.6) vs 98.4 (69.2), P &lt; 0.001]. HOMA2-S was independently associated with DAS28 [odds ratio (OR): 4.46, 95% CI: 1.17, 17.08]. T2D metabolic control was not related to disease activity and functional impairment, but HbA1c levels were independently associated with bone erosions (OR: 4.43, 95% CI: 1.18, 16.61). Treatment with low-dose CSs was not associated with decreased insulin sensitivity or increased HbA1c levels. Treatment with TNF-α inhibitors was associated with increased insulin sensitivity compared with patients not receiving biologics [101.3 (58.71) vs 60.0 (32.5), P = 0.001].

Conclusion
RA patients display severe T2D with inflammation-associated insulin resistance. These findings may have therapeutic implications, with the potential targeting of insulin resistance through the treatment of joint and systemic inflammation.
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Dutch people with and without an inflammatory rheumatic disease
Authors: Koppert Tim Y , Jacobs Johannes W G , Geenen Rinie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with and without an inflammatory rheumatic disease and establish whether psychological flexibility buffers this impact.

Methods
From online surveys in the general Dutch population in 2018 and during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we analysed data of people with (index group, n = 239) and without (control group, n = 1821) an inflammatory rheumatic disease. Worry, stress, mental well-being (SF-36) and psychological flexibility levels were subjected to covariate-adjusted analyses of variance or linear regression analyses.

Results
During the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, as compared with the control group, the index group was more worried about getting infected with the virus (partial η2=0.098; medium effect) and more stressed (partial η2=0.040; small effect). However, as compared with data acquired in 2018, the level of mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic peak was not lower in both groups. Levels of psychological flexibility did not moderate associations of group or year with mental well-being.

Conclusions
Although patients with an inflammatory rheumatic disease were more worried and stressed during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, their level of mental well-being was not reduced, which may have prevented us from finding a buffering effect of psychological flexibility. Overall, our results suggest that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease is modest, which could imply that common education and health care will do for most patients.
210PO IN SOIL AND TOBACCO LEAVES IN QUANG XUONG, VIETNAM AND ESTIMATION OF ANNUAL EFFECTIVE DOSE TO SMOKERS
Authors: Van Duong Hao , Thanh Nguyen Duong , Peka Anita , Tóth-Bodrogi Edit , Kovács Tibor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
210Po is the main radiotoxic chemical in tobacco smoke and one of the primary causes of lung cancer. Investigating 210Po concentration in tobacco is important in estimating the annual effective dose (AED) due to smoking. In this study, the 210Po concentrations in tobacco leaves and soil in Quang Xuong, Vietnam were measured using a high-resolution passivated and implanted planar silicon detector. Based on these data the AEDs to smokers were estimated. The 210Po activity concentration in tobacco varied significantly from 28.7 to 254.0 mBq g−1, whereas its variation in soil was insignificant. The AED due to smoking fresh tobacco leaves in Vietnam (average 565 μSv y−1) was significantly higher than the values reported for other countries (36–361 μSv y−1).
REVIEW OF QUANTITATIVE MECHANISTIC MODELS OF RADIATION-INDUCED NON-TARGETED EFFECTS (NTE)
Authors: Shuryak Igor , Brenner David J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Quantitative mechanistic modeling of the biological effects of ionizing radiation has a long rich history. Initially, it was dominated by target theory, which quantifies damage caused by traversal of cellular targets like DNA by ionizing tracks. The discovery that mutagenesis, death and/or altered behavior sometimes occur in cells that were not themselves traversed by any radiation tracks but merely interacted with traversed cells was initially seen as surprising. As more evidence of such ‘non-targeted’ or ‘bystander’ effects accumulated, the importance of their contribution to radiation-induced damage became more recognized. Understanding and modeling these processes is important for quantifying and predicting radiation-induced health risks. Here we review the variety of mechanistic mathematical models of nontargeted effects that emerged over the past 2–3 decades. This review is not intended to be exhaustive, but focuses on the main assumptions and approaches shared or distinct between models, and on identifying areas for future research.