bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ripe and Unripe Plantain Peel Ash on Concrete Workability and Compressive Strength
Authors: Adetayo Oluwaseun A , Jubril Olatunji 
Published: June 2020

Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peels are by-product of plantain fruits, constituting about 40% of the fruits. Performance effects of Ripe Plantain peel ash (RPPA) and Unripe Plantain peel ash (UPPA) in concrete were investigated in this research. Both RPPA and UPPA were added to the concrete as admixture in the proportion of 1.5% and 2.5%. The percentage composition of Silica (SiO2) and Alumina (Al2O3) contents in RPPA and UPPA were determined using spectrometry method of analysis. Slump test on the fresh concrete and compressive strength test were carried out on the concrete cube for 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days. The Silica (SiO2) content for RPPA and UPPA were 46.37% and 54.00% respectively while the Alumina (Al2O3) content for RPPA and UPPA were 2.20% and 3.08% respectively. The compressive strength for the control mix at 28-day is 20.4N/mm2, while that of 1.5 and 2.5% RPPP are 16.3 and 14.0N/mm2 respectively representing decrease of 20.15 and 31.58% respectively, compressive strength results for concrete containing 1.5 and 2.5% UPPA are 14.4 and 12.2N/mm2 respectively representing decrease of 29.32 and 40.01% respectively with the control mix. At later age, the strength development is observed to be on the increase with concrete containing admixtures. At 90-day, control sample has strength of 23.32N/mm2 which is about 12.56% higher than 28-day strength, concrete with 1.5 and 2.5% RRPA have strength of 22.77N/mm2 (28.50% increase), 20.64N/mm2 (32.40% increase) respectively while 1.5 and 2.5% UPPA concrete have strength of 20.86N/mm2 (31.00% increase) and 19.02N/mm2 (35.70% increase). Keywords---- Admixture, Compressive strength, Ripe plantain peel, Unripe plantain peel, Workability.
Social- Economic Assessment and Profitability of Artisanal Gold Miners in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Melodi Mbuyi M , Ajibade Ganiyu W 
Published: June 2020

This study centers on socio-economic assessment and profitability of artisanal gold miners in Niger State, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to examine artisanal gold miners’ socio-economic profile, examine the level of profitability of artisanal gold mining and identify the constraints determining the profitability of artisanal gold mining. Primary data was used which were obtained through the administration of structured questionnaires to randomly sampled artisanal gold miners in the study area. Descriptive statistics using charts, frequency table, mean, maximum, minimum and range, and inferential statistics using multiple linear regression, t-test were used as well as budgetary analysis. Profit difference of N 16,139.69 was noted between male and female artisan gold miners, with male earning a non-significantly (p>0.05) higher profit than the female artisans. Married artisan spent significantly (p<0.05) more (N106, 549.66) in running their various artisanal duties than the unmarried single artisans (N 87,036.67). Single artisans were noted to earn higher revenue than their married counterpart. This significant difference of N 20,897.09 can be accounted for by the ready availability of single unmarried artisans to work for longer hours per day without any distraction of family cares and obligations. This invariably leads to the significantly higher profit of single unmarried artisanal miners of N97, 051. Other significant determinants of artisanal gold profit level are miners’ age in years (p<0.01), experience at work in years (p<0.10) and years of work at current mine (p<0.05). Findings shows that artisanal miners were noted to be operating profitably in the study location; however, marital status, age of miners, years of experience and years of work in the current mine were found to be significant determinants of profitability and profit level of an average miners. Keywords – Profitability, Artisanal gold, Revenue, Socio-economic profile, constraints.
Gestión de la prevención de riesgos en el trabajo y el estado de salud autopercibida
Authors: Garay-Cabrera Gianny R. , Velásquez-Rondón Sonia 
Published: June 2020

La investigación tuvo el objetivo de relacionar la gestión de la prevención de riesgos en el trabajo con el estado de salud auto-percibida por los profesionales de enfermería de un Hospital Público de Huánuco en el 2018. Fue un estudio cuantitativo, analítico, prospectivo, transversal y de diseño correlacional, con una población muestral de 46 enfermeros, quienes respondieron satisfactoriamente los instrumentos documentales previamente validados y confiables. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo y la hipótesis de contrastó mediante la Chi cuadrada; para un nivel de confianza de 95% y p ≤ 0,05. Los resultados indican que el nivel de gestión de la prevención de riesgos en el trabajo fue percibido por la mayoría de la muestra en el nivel moderado [71,7%(33)], que implica que en cierto modo se realizaban el diseño de planes de prevención de riesgos, cuentan con cierta capacidad de gestión de prevención de riesgos, realizan controles médicos planificados, acciones de protección laboral, cobertura de vacunación, información y capacitación de la prevención de riesgos e información preventiva de las Aseguradoras de Riesgos del Trabajo. El estado de salud física fue percibida como mejor [76.1% (35)], mientras que el estado de salud mental fue percibido de rango peor [89.1% (41)]. Se concluye que la gestión de la prevención de riesgos en el trabajo se relaciona con el estado de salud física y mental auto-percibida por los profesionales de enfermería. Es decir, dado la gestión de prevención de riesgos de nivel moderado la percepción del estado de salud es peor y viceversa.
A educação profissional dos jovens e a modernidade brasileira no início do século XX
Authors: Queiroz Edna Mendonça Oliveira de , Pinheiro Rafael Gomes , Figueiredo Túlio Marcel Rufino de Vasconcelos 
Published: June 2020

Apresentam-se, neste artigo, os resultados de um estudo histórico-documental que analisou a nova conjuntura social, política e econômica exigida pelo processo de modernização em curso no Brasil Republicano e a educação profissional diante do acirramento das relações de poder, no contexto da Primeira República. Teve como objetivo investigar os nexos constitutivos das relações entre a educação profissional destinada aos jovens e os processos sociais nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A atuação do Estado voltada para a educação dos jovens se configurou como um instrumento de formação de novas subjetividades para um novo tipo de trabalho que se constituía e como uma forma de controle social sobre a população empobrecida. Expressão da “modernização conservadora”, a educação propunha aos jovens a inserção social enquanto os subjugava às relações econômicas impostas na trilha do capitalismo que se estabelecia.
Variability and past long-term changes of brominated very short-lived substances at the tropical tropopause
Authors: Tegtmeier Susann , Atlas Elliot , Quack Birgit , Ziska Franziska , Krüger Kirstin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLSs), such as bromoform
(CHBr3), can be transported to the stratosphere and contribute to the
halogen loading and ozone depletion. Given their highly variable emission
rates and their short atmospheric lifetimes, the exact amount as well as the
spatio-temporal variability of their contribution to the stratospheric halogen
loading are still uncertain. We combine observational data sets with
Lagrangian atmospheric modelling in order to analyse the spatial and
temporal variability of the CHBr3 injection into the stratosphere for
the time period 1979–2013. Regional maxima with mixing ratios of up to
0.4–0.5 ppt at 17 km altitude are diagnosed to be over Central America (1) and over the Maritime Continent–west Pacific (2), both of which are
confirmed by high-altitude aircraft campaigns. The CHBr3 maximum over
Central America is caused by the co-occurrence of convectively driven short
transport timescales and strong regional sources, which in conjunction
drive the seasonality of CHBr3 injection. Model results at a daily
resolution reveal isolated, exceptionally high CHBr3 values in this
region which are confirmed by aircraft measurements during the ACCENT
campaign and do not occur in spatially or temporally averaged model fields.
CHBr3 injection over the west Pacific is centred south of the Equator
due to strong oceanic sources underneath prescribed by the here-applied
bottom-up emission inventory. The globally largest CHBr3 mixing ratios
at the cold point level of up to 0.6 ppt are diagnosed to occur over the
region of India, Bay of Bengal, and Arabian Sea (3); however, no data from
aircraft campaigns are available to confirm this finding. Inter-annual
variability of stratospheric CHBr3 injection of 10 %–20 % is to a large
part driven by the variability of coupled ocean–atmosphere circulation
systems. Long-term changes, on the other hand, correlate with the regional
sea surface temperature trends resulting in positive trends of stratospheric CHBr3
injection over the west Pacific and Asian monsoon region and negative trends
over the east Pacific. For the tropical mean, these opposite regional trends
balance each other out, resulting in a relatively weak positive trend of
0.017±0.012 ppt Br per decade for 1979–2013, corresponding to 3 % Br per decade. The overall contribution of CHBr3 together with
CH2Br2 to the stratospheric halogen loading accounts for 4.7 ppt Br, in good agreement with existing studies, with 50 % and 50 % being
injected in the form of source and product gases, respectively.
Application and evaluation of the dendroclimatic process-based model MAIDEN during the last century in Canada and Europe
Authors: Rezsöhazy Jeanne , Goosse Hugues , Guiot Joël , Gennaretti Fabio , Boucher Etienne , André Frédéric , Jonard Mathieu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Tree-ring archives are one of the main sources of information to
reconstruct climate variations over the last millennium with annual
resolution. The links between tree-ring proxies and climate have
usually been estimated using statistical approaches, assuming linear
and stationary relationships. Both assumptions may be inadequate, but
this issue can be overcome by ecophysiological modelling based on
mechanistic understanding. In this respect, the model MAIDEN (Modeling
and Analysis In DENdroecology) simulating tree-ring growth from daily
temperature and precipitation, considering carbon assimilation and
allocation in forest stands, may constitute a valuable tool. However,
the lack of local meteorological data and the limited characterization
of tree species traits can complicate the calibration and validation
of such a complex model, which may hamper palaeoclimate applications. The
goal of this study is to test the applicability of the MAIDEN model in
a palaeoclimate context using as a test case tree-ring observations
covering the 20th century from 21 Eastern Canadian taiga
sites and 3 European sites. More specifically, we investigate the
model sensitivity to parameter calibration and to the quality of
climatic inputs, and we evaluate the model performance using a validation
procedure. We also examine the added value of using MAIDEN in
palaeoclimate applications compared to a simpler tree-growth model, i.e.
VS-Lite. A Bayesian calibration of the most sensitive model parameters
provides good results at most of the selected sites with high
correlations between simulated and observed tree growth. Although
MAIDEN is found to be sensitive to the quality of the climatic inputs,
simple bias correction and downscaling techniques of these data
improve significantly the performance of the model. The split-sample
validation of MAIDEN gives encouraging results but requires long
tree ring and meteorological series to give robust results. We also
highlight a risk of overfitting in the calibration of model parameters
that increases with short series. Finally, MAIDEN has shown higher
calibration and validation correlations in most cases compared to
VS-Lite. Nevertheless, this latter model turns out to be more stable
over calibration and validation periods. Our results provide
a protocol for the application of MAIDEN to potentially any site with
tree-ring width data in the extratropical region.
Interpretation of multi-scale permeability data through an information theory perspective
Authors: Dell'Oca Aronne , Guadagnini Alberto , Riva Monica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We employ elements of information theory to quantify (i) the information content related to data collected at given measurement scales within the
same porous medium domain and (ii) the relationships among information contents of datasets associated with differing scales. We focus on gas permeability data collected over Berea Sandstone and Topopah Spring Tuff
blocks, considering four measurement scales. We quantify the way information
is shared across these scales through (i) the Shannon entropy of the data
associated with each support scale, (ii) mutual information shared between
data taken at increasing support scales, and (iii) multivariate mutual
information shared within triplets of datasets, each associated with a given
scale. We also assess the level of uniqueness, redundancy and synergy
(rendering, i.e., information partitioning) of information content that the
data associated with the intermediate and largest scales provide with
respect to the information embedded in the data collected at the smallest
support scale in a triplet. Highlights.
Information theory allows characterization of the information content of permeability data related to differing measurement scales. An increase in the measurement scale is associated with quantifiable loss of information about permeability. Redundant, unique and synergetic contributions of information are evaluated for triplets of permeability datasets, each taken at a given scale.
Kolonier ‘for Kirke og Folkelivets Vækst og Udvikling’ Spatial mediering af dansk-amerikansk grundtvigianisme i USA, ca. 1900
Authors: Larsen Tina Langholm 
Published: June 2020

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This article examines how the ethnoreligious immigrant organization Danish People’s Society utilized ethnic colonies as spatial mediums to promote and foster preservation of the Danish cultural and spiritual heritage in the USA. Informed by theoretical insights gained in the research fields of medium theory and human geography, I highlight place-naming and physical construction of the places as symbolic and material strategies employed by Danish People’s Society to establish the colonies as mediums. Based on the historical development of the colonies, the article argues that place-naming matters; place-naming may function as a powerful political and socially excluding act. In conclusion, I suggest that a more comprehensive understanding of the meaning, agency, and implications of spatial mediums requires that we approach these places as social, symbolic, and material constructions that are continually reconfigured and ascribed identity through interaction.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Med udgangspunkt i to tidligere dansk-amerikanske kolonier undersøger denne artikel, hvorledes den etnoreligiøse immigrantorganisation Dansk Folkesamfund benyttede sig af etniske kolonier som spatiale medier til at facilitere og generere dansk folkeoplysning og kulturarvsbevaring i USA. Ved brug af teoretiske indsigter fra forskningsfelterne ‘medium theory’ og humangeografi fremhæver jeg navngivning og fysisk bebyggelse af steder som en henholdsvis symbolsk og materiel strategi, hvormed Dansk Folkesamfund etablerede kolonierne som medier. Baseret på stedernes historiske udvikling argumenterer jeg, at navngivningen af fysiske steder bør tages seriøst; stednavngivning kan være en magtful politisk og socialt ekskluderende handling. På denne baggrund konkluderes det, at vi for at få en mere fyldestgørende forståelse af den betydning og agens samt de implikationer, spatiale medier kan have, må tilgå dem som både symbolske, sociale og materielle konstruktioner, der kontinuerligt rekonfigureres og tilskrives identitet gennem interaktion.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among Chinese patients with cataracts treated in tertiary general hospitals
Authors: Liu Zhong-Hua , Chen Chang-Zheng , Gao Cong , Zhou De-Yi 
Published: June 2020

Background
Previous studies recruited unrepresentative samples of Chinese patients with cataract and reported a wide range of prevalence of depressive symptoms in this patient population (18.0–89.7%). The present study determined the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among a consecutive sample of Chinese patients with cataract treated in tertiary general hospitals.

Methods
A total of 339 patients with cataract were consecutively selected from ophthalmology departments of two large general hospitals in Wuhan, China. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Chinese Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used to identify factors that were associated with depression.

Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.9% (95% CI [19.4–28.4]%) among patients with cataract. Correlates for depressive symptoms include an education level of primary school and below (OR = 1.93, P = 0.038), marital status of “others” (OR =3.15, P < 0.001), poor family economic status (OR = 2.26, P = 0.010), nuclear cataract (OR =4.32, P < 0.001), and mixed cataract (OR = 2.76, P = 0.017).

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms are common among Chinese patients with cataract treated in large general hospitals. Patients who are poorly educated, have a marital status other than “married”, have poor family economic status, and suffer from nuclear and mixed cataracts are at greater risk for depressive symptoms.
Stress and burnout in chiropractic students of European chiropractic colleges:
Authors: Rank Maike Perelló , de la Ossa Pablo Pérez 
Published: June 2020

Objective
High levels of stress and burnout are known to negatively impact academic success, quality of life, and well-being of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degrees of stress and burnout levels of students from several European chiropractic colleges.

Methods
Stress and burnout were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI-SS). Surveys were delivered electronically in November 2017 to chiropractic students from 4 different chiropractic colleges. Data were analyzed using t test and 1-way ANOVA to determine differences between demographic data. Scores in perceived stress and burnout subscales were compared to the general, chiropractic, and medical student populations.

Results
Both the MBI-SS and PSS had similar response rates (30%–34%) and demonstrated statistically significant differences between institutions, with C-3 demonstrating the highest levels of exhaustion (p &lt; .001) and the highest levels of perceived stress (p = .012). MBI-SS results show that in the general chiropractic student population, 26.4% presented high emotional exhaustion, 18.2% high cynicism, and 43.8% low academic efficacy. Meanwhile, the PSS score indicated “moderate” levels of stress.

Conclusions
European chiropractic students experience higher levels of perceived stress than the general population and they may suffer levels of burnout similar to those of medical students. These results suggest that colleges should monitor stress and burnout levels in their students. This may help to establish student support systems in order to improve students' quality of life and academic performance, as well as help new graduates transition to their professional lives.
ROS Scavenging Biopolymers for Anti‐Inflammatory Diseases: Classification and Formulation
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Fu Yu , Yang Peng , Liu Xianhu , Li Yiwen , Gu Zhipeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS), the byproducts of aerobic metabolism, is a class of crucial molecules in physiological processes, nevertheless, would induce a series of inflammatory responses when overexpression. Excessive or inappropriate inflammation contributes to a range of acute and chronic human inflammatory diseases. In recent years, ROS scavenging agents have been widely regarded as a kind of potential therapeutic substances due to their abilities of delaying and/or inhibiting the oxidative stress in physiological microenvironments. ROS scavenging biopolymers are a group of agents that commonly have strong ROS scavenging ability and pharmacokinetic potential compared to similar low molecular weight agents. In this review, the generation and clearance of ROS in physiological processes, as well as the effects of ROS inflammatory diseases are introduced. Furthermore, the classification, macromolecular structure, and scavenging mechanism of those antioxidant polymers are systematically described and discussed, which aim to provide a guiding theoretical reference of designing effectively ROS scavenging biopolymers for anti‐inflammatory disease therapy.
Light Tracking and Light Guiding Fiber Arrays by Adjusting the Location of Photoresponsive Azobenzene in Liquid Crystal Networks
Authors: Liu Li , del Pozo Marc , Mohseninejad Fateme , Debije Michael G. , Broer Dirk J. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe integration of light tracking and light guiding within fiber arrays is an intriguing challenge. In this study, an advanced drop casting/drawing method is applied to fabricate a fiber array capable of not only performing sunflower‐inspired light tracking, but also light guiding. The fiber arrays are constructed with various liquid crystal networks by adjusting the location of photoresponsive azobenzene moieties in the polymer network to understand the correlation between the extent of photoresponse and azobenzene location. Incorporating the azobenzene in the main chain oligomer renders these fibers with advanced photoresponse in both air and water. The fibers are able to track a light source and to guide the collected light, making these responsive actuator arrays potentially attractive for advanced photovoltaic and optical elements.
Iron‐Promoted Domino Dehydrogenative Annulation of Deoxybenzoins and Alkynes Leading to β‐Aryl‐α‐Naphthols
Authors: Zhu Xue‐Qing , Guo Rui‐Li , Zhang Xing‐Long , Gao Ya‐Ru , Jia Qiong , Wang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA strategy for synthesis of β‐aryl‐α‐naphthols has been established through an iron‐promoted domino C(sp3)−H/C(sp)−H and C(sp2)−H/C(sp)−H dehydrogenative coupling of deoxybenzoins and alkynes. The synthesis uses inexpensive materials with a broad substrate scope and features simple operations with excellent regioselectivity. This study provides an alternative access to various β‐aryl‐α‐naphthols and the synthetic protocol should have potential applications in medicinal, materials science, and related areas.magnified image
Gas–liquid–solid reaction system for CO2 electroreduction to formate without using supporting electrolyte
Authors: Díaz‐Sainz Guillermo , Alvarez‐Guerra Manuel , Solla‐Gullón José , García‐Cruz Leticia , Montiel Vicente , Irabien Angel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of bismuth‐based catalysts is promising for formate production by the electroreduction of CO2 captured from waste streams. However, compared to the extensive research on catalysts, only a few studies have focused on electrochemical reactor performance. Hence, this work studied a continuous‐mode gas–liquid–solid reaction system for investigating CO2 electroreduction to formate using Bi‐catalyst‐coated membrane electrodes as cathodes. The experimental setup was designed to analyze products obtained in both liquid and gas phases. The influence of relevant variables (e.g., temperature and input water flow) was analyzed, with the thickness of the liquid film formed over the cathode surface being a key parameter affecting system performance. Promising results, including a high formate concentration of 34 g/L with faradaic efficiency for formate of 72%, were achieved.