bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I really wanted to be able to contribute something”: understanding student motivations to create meaningful global health experiences
Authors: Hetherington Erin , Hatfield Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Background: Global health is an area of increasing interest among health professionals, students and educators. This study aims to explore students’ motivations and experiences with an undergraduate global health research program in low and middle-income countries and to assess student learning and areas for program improvement. Methods: All students participating in the Global Health Research Program at the University of Calgary in the summer of 2009 were asked to participate in the study (n=11). In-depth interviews were conducted with students prior to departure and upon their return. Discourse analysis was used to identify interpretive repertoires and to determine how the use of repertoires improves our understanding of students’ experiences. Results: Prior to departure, students were highly motivated to "give back" to host communities. Upon return, students felt that their experience had been more about "building relationships" with others than individual contributions to hosts. Discussion: Students' altruistic motivations dominated the discourse, and most students incorporated core concepts from a preparation course only after their international experience. Extensive preparation, supervision and follow-up support can mitigate many of the risks of short-term global health experiences while providing a safe opportunity for significant learning.
“Caracterización y Reducción de la materia disuelta y coloidal en la fabricación de papel y cartón reciclado en la empresa Inpetfa sac.”
Authors: Elías Silupo Jorge Wilmer , Flores Franco Jorge Enrique , Barrera Gutiérrez Ramon Enrique 
Published: April 2020

La utilización de papel y cartón de recuperación como materia prima para la fabricación de papel y cartón reciclado, presenta numerosas ventajas al medio ambiental y económico. Sin embargo, también tiene graves inconvenientes debido a la cantidad de contaminantes que se introducen en el sistema. Los contaminantes que se encuentran en forma de materia disuelta y coloidal no pueden ser eliminados por los procesos mecánicos convencionales y cuando se desestabilizan, por un cambio brusco de las condiciones del sistema, son responsables directos de la formación de manchas y agujeros en el producto final. El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar un procedimiento para determinar la presencia de materia disuelta y coloidal en el agua del proceso papelero, de manera práctica y precisa. Las aguas caracterizadas, se desestabilizan con un polímero catiónico, favoreciendo la formación de depósito diseñado para tal fin, que permite llevar a cabo la determinación cuantitativa mediante un sistema de análisis Físico Quimico. Con el método desarrollado, una vez validado y determinada su reproductividad, se lleva a cabo un estudio con aguas reciclada obtenida a partir de las suspensiones de pasta que contienen los contaminantes propios del proceso del reciclado de papel, tales como: adhesivos, ceras, jabones de destintado, etc. Se estudia el efecto que ejercen distintas variables, como la naturaleza del contaminante, la presencia de aditivos de destintado, la naturaleza de los agente de desestabilización y las características del medio (Ph, Temperatura, Solidos Totales, DQO, DBO5, Aceites y Grasas etc.); así mismo, se lleva a cabo un estudio de las aguas del proceso, con materia disuelta y coloidal contenida en muestras de diferentes tipos de materia primas: papel mixto, periódico y cartón reciclado, obteniendo los resultados después del tratamiento Físico Quimico en promedio. (Ph = 8.4; Temperatura = 26.5°C; Solidos Totales = 150.26 mg/L; DQO = 750.82 mg/L; DBO5 = 300.24 mg/L; Aceites y Grasas = 48.56 mg/L etc.); en la fabricación de planchas de Fibras aglomeradas en la empresa Inpetfa sac.
A White-light Flare Powered by Magnetic Reconnection in the Lower Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Song Yongliang , Tian Hui , Zhu Xiaoshuai , Chen Yajie , Zhang Mei , Zhang Jingwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
White-light flares (WLFs), first observed in 1859, refer to a type of solar flare showing an obvious enhancement of the visible continuum emission. This type of enhancement often occurs in most energetic flares, and is usually interpreted as a consequence of efficient heating in the lower solar atmosphere through nonthermal electrons propagating downward from the energy release site in the corona. However, this coronal-reconnection model has difficulty in explaining the recently discovered small WLFs. Here we report a C2.3 WLF, which is associated with several observational phenomena: a fast decrease in opposite-polarity photospheric magnetic fluxes, the disappearance of two adjacent pores, significant heating of the lower chromosphere, a negligible increase of the hard X-ray flux, and an associated U-shaped magnetic field configuration. All these suggest that this WLF is powered by magnetic reconnection in the lower part of the solar atmosphere rather than by reconnection higher up in the corona.
Dust Environment Model of the Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov
Authors: Cremonese G. , Fulle M. , Cambianica P. , Munaretto G. , Capria M. T. , Forgia F. La , Lazzarin M. , Migliorini A. , Boschin W. , Milani G. , Aletti A. , Arlic G. , Bacci P. , Bacci R. , Bryssinck E. , Carosati D. , Castellano D. , Buzzi L. , Rubbo S. Di , Facchini M. , Guido E. , Kugel F. , Ligustri R. , Maestripieri M. , Mantero A. , Nicolas J. , Ochner P. , Perrella C. , Trabatti R. , Valvasori A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
2I/Borisov is the first interstellar comet discovered on 2019 August 30, and it soon showed a coma and a dust tail. This study reports the results of images obtained at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo telescope, on La Palma—Canary Islands, in 2019 November and December. The images have been obtained with the R filter in order to apply our dust tail model. The model has been applied to the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and compared to the Rosetta dust measurements showing a very good agreement. It has been applied to the comet 2I/Borisov, using almost the same parameters, obtaining a dust environment similar to that of 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, suggesting that the activity may be very similar. The dust tail analysis provided a dust-loss rate Q

d
≈ 35 kg s−1 in 2019 November and Q

d
≈ 30 kg s−1 in 2019 December.
Poverty in the Russian Federation: possibilities and specifics of the use of the AROPE multi-criteria index in the poverty monitoring system of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kartseva Marina A. 
Published: April 2020

The article presents a comparative analysis of the level and structure of poverty of the Russian population using two different concepts of poverty definition — the absolute income criterion currently used by Rosstat, and the AROPE indicator of poverty and social exclusion. The paper also attempts to assess how the change of the methodology for determining poverty can affect the existence of the poverty status of individuals. The study is carried out both at a national level and at a federal district level. The empirical basis of the paper is selective observation of income of the population and participation in social programmes, conducted by Rosstat in 2017.The results show that in transition from the absolute income criterion to the multi-criteria AROPE index, the poverty level of the population of the Russian Federation significantly increases. The highest growth of poverty is among people over working age. The age structure of poverty also changes significantly. With AROPE, the proportion of older persons among the poor increases and the proportion of children decreases. It is also shown in the article that the transition from the current official methodology of poverty definition to the definition in accordance with AROPE’s methodology can lead to loss of the poverty status by part of the population, which, in case of the official transition to using AROPE index as a criterion for receiving social support, can have a negative impact on their socio-economic situation. The obtained results vary significantly by federal districts of the Russian Federation.
Alèthurgie oculaire et littérature de témoignage de Sophocle à Soljenitsyne
Authors: Lorenzini Daniele 
Published: April 2020

Dans cet article, en commençant par une analyse inédite de l’ Œdipe Roi de Sophocle, nous abordons le problème du statut du témoin oculaire et de sa prise de parole, ou mieux, de son « dire-vrai » en tant qu’acte de langage spécifique, notamment au sein de la littérature de témoignage. Nous soutenons que la question cruciale à poser à ce propos est celle de l’engagement du locuteur dans son discours, et que l’acte de témoigner va donc bien au-delà de la simple transmission d’une série de contenus ou d’informations. Cet acte se situe en effet sur deux plans : celui du lien éthique entre le locuteur et ce qu’il dit et celui du lien social entre le locuteur et ses interlocuteurs ou auditeurs. En nous inspirant des analyses de Michel Foucault sur la parrêsia et de J. L. Austin sur la dimension perlocutoire du langage, nous concluons alors que les récits de témoignage relèvent d’une « dramatique du discours » qui joue le plus souvent le rôle d’un véritable acte de résistance.
Un Foucault platonicien
Authors: de la Higuera Javier 
Published: April 2020

Le dernier Foucault a donné à Platon et au platonisme un rôle très important dans le surgissement de la culture ancienne de soi et dans ce qu’il a appelé « l’esthétique de l’existence ». Mais sa position en rapport à Platon et au platonisme est très complexe et ambigüe. Foucault se déplace d’un anti-platonisme d’allure nietzschéenne dont le thème général serait « la vérité du pouvoir », à une position que l’on pourrait nommer « platonicienne », où le thème « le pouvoir de la vérité » apparaît. Il s’agirait d’un déplacement d’une position anti-philosophique à une autre position philosophique où Foucault chercherait un concept de philosophie à la valeur transhistorique en référence à Platon et dans son extrême radicalisation dans le cynisme. Cette clé platonicienne du dernier Foucault pourrait jeter un peu plus de lumière sur le projet général d’une « ontologie de l’actualité ».
Repenser la fonction politique de l’intellectuel. Alèthurgie, parrêsia et espace public chez Michel Foucault
Authors: Alcalá Francisco J. 
Published: April 2020

Dans le passé, l’intellectuel était situé à l’avant-garde de la société civile à propos de l’établissement de l’opinion publique, d’après un model « transcendant » qui faisait de lui une sorte de directeur spirituel du peuple. Le présent travail a par objectif approfondir dans la caractérisation de l’intellectuel spécifique qui donne Foucault dans des textes brefs et entretiens de la décade des 70, à partir des études de base historiographique à propos des concepts du gouvernement de soi et des autres, alèthurgie et parrêsia qui l’ont occupé dans des années 80, et aussi de la distinction kantienne parmi les usages public et privé de la raison. En plus, on veut élucider la transition du model de l’intellectuel « universel » à celui de l’intellectuel « spécifique » dans la deuxième moitié du XX e siècle et finalement on veut clarifier la catégorie politique la plus adéquate à l’action parrêsiastique de l’intellectuel spécifique, que plutôt que l’objection de conscience c’est la désobéissance civile.
Leishmania donovani Subverts Host Immune Response by Epigenetic Reprogramming of Macrophage M(Lipopolysaccharides + IFN-γ)/M(IL-10) Polarization
Authors: Parmar Naveen , Chandrakar Pragya , Kar Susanta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Reciprocal changes in histone lysine methylation/demethylation of M(LPS + IFN-γ)/M(IL-10) genes is one of the factors that direct macrophage polarization and contribute to host defense/susceptibility toward infection. Although, histone lysine methyltransferases and lysine demethylases orchestrate these events, their role remains elusive in visceral leishmaniasis, a disease associated with macrophage M(IL-10) polarization. In this study, we observed that L. donovani induced the expression of histone lysine methyltransferases Ash1l, Smyd2, and Ezh2 and histone lysine demethylases Kdm5b and Kdm6b in J774 macrophages and BALB/c mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that L. donovani facilitated H3K36 dimethylation at TNF-α promoter by Smyd2 and H3K27 trimethylation at inducible NO synthase promoter by Ezh2 to suppress their expression in macrophages. Furthermore, infection-induced Kdm5b and Kdm6b modulated H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylation at IL-12, TNF-α, and arginase-1 promoters, respectively, whereas H3K4 trimethylation by Ash1l at IL-10 promoter induced its expression. Analysis of transductional events revealed that HIF-1α upregulated Kdm5b and Kdm6b expression, whereas Ash1l and Ezh2 expression were induced by transcription factor MeCP2. Additionally, Smyd2 was induced by c-Myc in infected macrophages. Knockdown of Ash1l, Ezh2, Kdm5b, and Kdm6b by specific small interfering RNA and Vivo-Morpholino, as well as inhibition of Smyd2 by its specific inhibitor, AZ505, led to increased protective proinflammatory response and inhibited amastigote multiplication in infected J774 macrophages and BALB/c mice, respectively. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that L. donovani exploits specific histone lysine methyltransferases/demethylases to redirect epigenetic programming of M(LPS + IFN-γ)/M(IL-10) genes for its successful establishment within the host.
Local Health Traditional Practices of Koppal District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Shiddamallayya Nagayya , Vendrapati Rama R , Giri Sanjay K , Doddamani Shashidhar H , Shubhashree Malalur N , Bhat Sulochana , Rath Chinmay , Susmitha Bonthu , Tripathi Ashish K , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar S 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
The present study is to document the information on local health traditions used for various human and animal diseases by traditional healers of Koppal district, Karnataka, India.

Materials and methods:
Seasonal ethnomedicobotanical (EMB) Survey has been conducted in Koppal district Karnataka during 2013 to 2014 to document the local health traditions (LHTs) knowledge related to human and animal.

Results:
The EMB survey team documented 24 LHTs claims in Koppal district, Karnataka, which were related to joint pains, bone fracture, psychiatry, gastrointestinal disorders, skin disease, hemorrhoids, diabetics, aphrodisiac, infections, eye disease, neurological disorders, gynecological disorders, jaundice, migraine, and inducing of vomiting in human beings and few veterinary practices such as diarrhea, loss of appetite, stomatitis, and bone fracture.

Conclusion:
Traditional healers are sheltered in the remote rural and tribal pockets. This is the time to identify effective formulations to manage or treat human ailments and spread the awareness in public for use. Scientific society has to work to introduce modern techniques in traditional system, identify unique properties that are playing very important role in the treatment of health issues, and validate scientifically and recommend the formulations for large-scale production by pharmaceutical industry for the benefit of the common people.
Exploration of Traditional Pickle Recipes Prepared by Tribal of Jawhar and Shahapur Forest Divisions
Authors: Gurav Arun M , Kolhe Rasika , Goli Penchala Prasad , Rath Chinmay , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
To document and record recipes of pickles of wild edible plants prepared by the tribal of Jawhar and Shahapur forest divisions.

Materials and methods:
A medicoethnobotanical survey was carried out in Jawhar and Shahapur forest divisions during the year 2018–2019. The details of information and method of preparation of pickle recipes traditionally prepared and consumed by the tribal from Jawhar and Shahapur forest divisions of Thane forest circle were recorded through conversation and interviews and were documented digitally.

Result:
A total of 11 recipes of traditionally prepared pickles which are not familiar in urban area have been identified, and the method of preparation was recorded. A maximum of nine pickles were prepared from fruit or pod, whereas shoot was used in bamboo pickle and pseudostem in kadali pickle. These traditional pickle recipes have nutritional values and are used to alleviate certain disease conditions like flatulence, diabetes, etc. and to increase strength.

Conclusion:
Tribal people are proverbial with plants and fruits available in their native place. They prepared pickles using their traditional method of preparation and used them in certain ailments. Steps should be taken to identify the strength in the field of food industries and small-scale industry to prepare and sell the forest products that would be beneficial to forest department, tribes, and common population.
Comparative Assessment of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Potential of Stem Bark and Small Branches of Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) MR Almeida for Substitution in Ayurvedic Drugs
Authors: Dixit Amit K , Kumar Vijay , Maloni Neha , Sarkar Mrinmoy , Shrivastava Bhavana , Nair Parvathy G , Rotwar Dara S , Mundada Pallavi 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
Present study was intended to investigate the physicochemical parameters, phytochemical constituents, and biochemical studies of the stem bark (STB) and small branches (SBs) of Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) MR Almeida.

Materials and methods:
The parameters were checked in different solvent systems, viz., petroleum ether, acetone, and methanol.

Results:
Significant antioxidant (10–85%) and antimicrobial (5–20 mm) activities were observed in acetone and methanolic extracts of STB and SB as compared to the controls. In acetone and methanolic extracts, the observed values for total phenol content (TPC) ranged from 10 mg to 93 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract and the total flavonoid content (TFC) ranged from 30 mg to 87 mg of quercetin equivalent (QE) per gram of extract. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein interaction studies of all the extracts were performed and the observed values for binding constant ranged from 22 to 62 × 10-5 μM-1.

Conclusion:
Overall, acetone and methanolic extracts of STB and SB of plant have shown significant results in medicinal aspects mentioned above.

Clinical significance:
These comparative findings of STB and SB of Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) MR Almeida provide undeniable systematic facts of its beneficial prospective as an Ayurvedic drug.
خطة عملية متكاملة لإدارة خطر الكوارث على مواقع التراث الثقافي: حالة دراسية في الإقليم الساحلي السوري
Authors: صالح حسين عزيز 
Published: April 2020

الملخص

التراث الثقافي ثروة ثمينة ومصدر للهوية الحقيقة التي تسهم في الحفاظ على البيئة المحلية لكل مجتمع. لقد أنتجت الـتسعة آلاف سنة من الحضارات في سورية أهم مواقع التراث الثقافي الأكثر إثارةً وروعةً في العالم، والمسجَّلة على قائمة اليونسكو للتراث العالمي. وتأثَّر معظم هذه المواقع بالكوارث الطبيعية، خاصة الزلازل، بسبب وقوع سورية في المنطقة الأكثر نشاطًا في الزلازل بين الصفائح التكتونية العربية والأورسيوية والإفريقية. لسوء الحظ، بالإضافة إلى تأثيرات هذه الكوارث الطبيعية، فإن كارثة الحرب المستمرة على سورية منذ آذار 2011 كانت لها نتيجة مدمِّرة على عديد من هذه المواقع التراثية.
تعرض هذه الورقة خطة عملية متكاملة لتخطيط وإدارة خطر الكوارث على مواقع التراث الثقافي السوري، خاصة تلك التي تضرَّرت نتيجة هذه الحرب الظالمة. ضمن هذا السياق، يُفهم التراث الثقافي في نطاقه الأوسع (أبعد من الآثار والمتاحف) ليتضمَّن تطوّر العلاقات الإنسانية مع البيئة الطبيعية التي تشمل الجوانب المادية وغير المادية لهذا التراث (وهذا ما يسمى بالأصالة).
عُرضت حالة دراسية في الإقليم الساحلي السوري تشمل سلسلة من مواقع التراث الثقافي الموجودة في محيط قلعة الحصن التي تضرَّرت بشكل بالغ نتيجة هذه الحرب، وكيف يمكن تأهيلها وإعادة إحيائها بربطها وتكاملها مع الفاعليات الحيوية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والثقافية لمواقع هذه السلسلة المحيطة بالقلعة، مع إمكانية تطبيق هذه الخطة العملية وتطويرها لإعادة بناء وتأهيل جميع مواقع التراث الثقافي الأخرى المتضرَّرة في جميع الأقاليم السورية.
تقدير مخاطر استخدام أسلحة اليورانيوم المنضّب في العراق - الجزء الأول
Authors: العزاوي سعاد ناجي 
Published: April 2020

الملخص

خلال حرب الخليج الأولى في عام 1991، وطوال العمليات العسكرية لاحتلال العراق في عام 2003، استخدمت القوات المسلحة الأمريكية والبريطانية ذخائر اليورانيوم المنضّب في مناطق مأهولة بالسكان، خاصة في جنوب العراق؛ ما أدى إلى تلوث المنطقة بالمواد المشعة.
أُجريت دراسة تقييم المخاطر الصحية لمنطقة مكتظة بالسكان تبلغ مساحتها نحو 1200 كم2، وتشمل مدن صفوان والزبير وغرب البصرة، والتي تعرضت لجرعات إشعاعية عالية بسبب تلوث اليورانيوم المنضب. أوضحت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن أهم مصدر للتعرض الإشعاعي في منطقة الدراسة هو استنشاق هباء اليورانيوم المنضّب وأكاسيده خلال الأشهر الأولى من العمليات العسكرية لعام 1991. ووُجد أن قيمة الجرعات السنوية الفعالة الناتجة من هذا المسار بلغت 435 ملّي سيفَرت تعرّضت لها القوات المسلحة العراقية في هذه المنطقة، وقرابة 167 ملّي سيفَرت تعرّض لها السكان في مدينة صفوان. كما بلغ إجمالي الجرعة الفعالة السنوية التي تعرض لها السكان في مدينتي الزبير وغرب البصرة بحدود 268.6 ملّي سيفَرت.
أما ثاني أعلى جرعة إشعاعية فعالة فقد نتجت من إعادة تعلّق وانبعاث اليورانيوم المنضّب وأكاسيده ونويدات سلسلة انحلاله من الدبابات المدمرة والتربة وغيرها من مواقع الآليات العسكرية المدمرة جنوب وغرب البصرة والناصرية؛ حيث مع كل عاصفة رملية وترابية، ظل السكان في هذه المناطق يتلقون جرعات إضافية من المناطق الملوثة باليورانيوم المنضّب؛ أي إن سكان منطقة الدراسة تعرّضوا لجرعات إشعاعية تصل قيمتها إلى نحو 200 مرة أعلى من الجرعة الإشعاعية السنوية التي يتلقاها أي شخص من مكان طبيعي في معظم أنحاء العالم، والتي لا تتجاوز 2.4 ملّي سيفَرت.
يشير التقييم أيضًا إلى أن قيم الجرعة السنوية الفعالة الناتجة من استنشاق هباء وأكاسيد اليورانيوم والنويدات المشعة التي يُعاد تعلّقها في الجو تبلغ نحو 90% من إجمالي الجرعة التي تشمل جميع المسارات الأخرى؛ أي إن الجرعات الناتجة من هضم الأغذية الملوثة والتعرّض لسحابة خارجية من اليورانيوم ونويدات الرادون تمثل أقل من 10% من إجمالي الجرعة الفعالة السنوية. في حين بلغ إجمالي الجرعة التراكمية للفترة 1991-1996 نحو 913.7 ملّي سيفَرت لمنطقة صفوان، و515 ملّي سيفَرت لمدينة الزبير وغرب مدينة البصرة.
Revitalization and Sustainability of Historic Tombs with Their Neighbourhood: A case from Turkey
Authors: DISLI GULSEN 
Published: April 2020

Historic tombs are important buildings in our architectural legacy both in terms of their tangible and intangible values. Hence, they are among the monuments preserved by Turkish government’s related bodies, providing substantial grants for the preservation of these buildings. This study examines a 16th century historic tomb, Karyağdı Sultan Tomb, located in a congested area in Ankara, Turkey. Although the tomb is at the hearth of the city and can be reached easily, it is not much known and visited by the community because of the unplanned constructions mostly used for commercial purposes surrounding and hiding the building. The objective of this study is to investigate sustainability potentials and develop revitalization suggestions of the tomb and its neighbourhood appropriate to the environmental, cultural, and social values of the region by means of need analysis, field works, and interviews with the local community. Overall, the study findings suggest that thanks to the appropriate sustainable solutions for the development of the neighbourhood and existing built heritage with regard to community, neighbourhood, and building context, visiting capacity and recognition of the tomb and the area can be increased substantially. Hence the research formulated several holistic sustainable preservation suggestions, and recommended further studies in order to realize the potentials of sustainability evident.