bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregivers’ report of HIV‐associated oral manifestations among HIV‐unexposed, exposed, and infected Kenyan children
Authors: Seminario Ana Lucia , Kemoli Arthur , Benki‐Nugent Sarah , Chebet Daisy , Gomez Lauren , Wamalwa Dalton , John‐Stewart Grace , Slyker Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew oral health studies have been conducted in HIV‐exposed uninfected children, who, like their HIV‐infected peers, have altered immunity and perinatal drug exposures.AimTo compare caregiver’ self‐report of oral diseases, hygiene practices and utilization of routine dental care, between HIV‐infected (HIV), HIV‐exposed uninfected (HEU), and HIV‐unexposed uninfected (HUU) children in Kenya.DesignThis nested cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Caregivers of 196 children (104 HIV‐infected, 55 HEU, and 37 HUU) participated in this study. Using a validated questionnaire from the WHO and photographs of HIV‐related oral lesions, we collected data on oral diseases and oral health practices.ResultsCaregivers of HIV‐infected children reported at least one oral disease in their children (42%; HEU [27%]; HUU [17%; P = .008]). Oral candidiasis was the most common disease reported (HIV‐infected [24%], HEU [5.5%], and HUU [2.8%; P < .05]). Baseline CD4% was associated with oral candidiasis (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88‐0.98). Only 16% of children had ever visited a dentist, and most initiated brushing after 3 years of age (83%). Nearly all (98%) caregivers desired a follow‐up oral examination.ConclusionsHIV infection/exposure and low CD4% were associated with increased odds of oral diseases. Most caregivers desired a follow‐up oral examination for their children.
Decision support for the selection of optimal tower site locations for early‐warning wildfire detection systems in South Africa
Authors: Heyns Andries M. , du Plessis Warren , Curtin Kevin M. , Kosch Michael , Hough Gavin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEffective early detection of forest fires can be achieved by specialised systems of tower‐mounted cameras. Foresters and locals with intimate knowledge of the terrain traditionally plan the tower site locations – without the aid of computational optimisation tools. However, such knowledge and expertise may not be available to system planners when entering vast new territories. The process of selecting multiple tower sites from a large number of potential site locations with the aim of maximising system visibility of smoke above a prescribed region is a complex combinatorial optimisation problem. We present two recent applications of novel site‐selection frameworks for tower‐mountedcamera‐based wildfire detection systems(CWDS), which have been under development with guidance from experts from the South African developedForestWatchwildfire detection system. A novel single‐site search framework determined alternatives for 13 proposed sites in South Africa's Mpumalanga province, of which 6 alternatives were chosen over the initially proposed sites. The system site selection framework was showcased in determining a four‐camera CWDS layout in South Africa's Southern Cape – significantly improving on the detection capability of the layout initially proposed by technical experts.
An integrative review: Women’s psychosocial vulnerability in relation to paid work after a breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Melnyk Halia , Djukic Maja , Merriman John , Vaughan Dickson Victoria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this integrative review was to explore psychosocial vulnerabilities in women after a breast cancer diagnosis that are related to their paid work.DesignThe review methodology was guided by Whittemore and Knafl. The Mehnert Cancer Survivorship and Work Model provided a lens through which to view vulnerability in working women with a focus on facilitating interventions to improve both recovery and work outcomes.Data SourcesPUBMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycNET databases were searched for English language papers published between January 2014–June 2020.Review MethodsTitles and abstracts were screened. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were then applied to full text screen of the remaining articles following PRISMA guidelines. Thirteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. A constant comparison approach was used to systematically distil findings into categories and assess their fit within the Mehnert Model subdomains.ResultsVulnerabilities coalesced predominantly within the following subdomains: (a) changes in identity and role functioning; (b) social reintegration; (c) coping strategies; and (d) social supports. Patterns and themes within these subdomains were related both positively and negatively to form the contours of a survivor's satisfaction/dissatisfaction with quality of life related to work and breast cancer recovery.ConclusionOverall, findings highlight the importance of employment and work environments in bolstering women's psychosocial health after a breast cancer diagnosis.ImpactFindings from this review support adapting psychosocial distress screening to include vulnerabilities relating to work life. Nurses are ideally positioned to facilitate this screening and engage clinicians in a dialogue surrounding patient's support needs due to nursing's central role on the interdisciplinary team. Nurses may also foster collective accountability for implementing ongoing multidisciplinary survivorship care plans that include a return to work component.
Who Should Bear the Risk When Self‐Driving Vehicles Crash?
Authors: Kauppinen Antti 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe moral importance of liability to harm has so far been ignored in the lively debate about what self‐driving vehicles should be programmed to do when an accident is inevitable. But as discussions in the context of self‐defense have highlighted, liability matters a great deal to just distribution of risk of harm. While it is sometimes morally required simply to minimize the risk of relevant harms, this is not so when one party is responsible for creating the risky situation, which is common in real‐world traffic scenarios. In particular, insofar as possible, those who have voluntarily engaged in activity that foreseeably poses the risk of harm should be the ones who bear it, other things being equal. This should not be controversial when someone intentionally or recklessly creates a risky situation. But I argue that on plausible assumptions, merely choosing to use a self‐driving vehicle typically gives rise to a degree of liability, so that such vehicles should be programmed to shift the larger share of the risk from innocent outsiders to users by default. Insofar as automated vehicles cannot be programmed to take all the factors affecting liability into account, there is a pro tanto moral reason to restrict their use.
The anti‐angiogenesis role of FBXW7 in diabetic retinopathy by facilitating the ubiquitination degradation of c‐Myc to orchestrate the HDAC2
Authors: Hu Lihua , Lv Xiangyun , Li Dai , Zhang Wanping , Ran Guangyao , Li Qingchun , Hu Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most prevalently occurring microvascular complication in diabetic patients that triggers severe visual impairments. The anti‐angiogenesis role of FBXW7 has been identified in breast cancer. Therefore, this study intends to decipher the mechanism of FBXW7 in angiogenesis of DR. DR model was induced on mice using high‐glucose (HG) and high‐fat diet, and retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) isolated from normal mice were induced with HG, followed by evaluation of FBXW7, Ki67, HIF‐1α and VEGF expression by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry or Western blot analysis. After gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays in normal and DR mice, angiogenesis was assessed by CD31 fluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. After ectopic expression and silencing experiments in HG‐induced RMECs, RMEC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were, respectively, determined by EdU, Transwell and in vitro angiogenesis assays. The impact of FBXW7 on the ubiquitination of c‐Myc was studied by cycloheximide chase assay and proteasome inhibition, and the binding of c‐Myc to HDAC2 promoter by dual‐luciferase reporter gene experiment. DR mice and HG‐induced RMECs possessed down‐regulated FBXW7 and up‐regulated Ki67, HIF‐1α and VEGF. Silencing FBXW7 enhanced angiogenesis in normal mouse retinal tissue, but overexpressing FBXW7 or silencing c‐Myc diminished angiogenesis in DR mouse retinal tissue. Overexpressing FBXW7 or silencing c‐Myc depressed proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in HG‐induced RMECs. FBXW7 induced c‐Myc ubiquitination degradation, and c‐Myc augmented HDAC2 expression by binding to HDAC2 promoter. Conclusively, our data provided a novel sight of anti‐angiogenesis role of FBXW7 in DR by modulating the c‐Myc/HDAC2 axis.
Melatonin inhibiting the survival of human gastric cancer cells under ER stress involving autophagy and Ras‐Raf‐MAPK signalling
Authors: Huang Yongye , Yuan Kexun , Tang Meifang , Yue Jiaming , Bao Lijun , Wu Shuang , Zhang Yanxin , Li Yin , Wang Yihang , Ou Xu , Gou Jiaxin , Zhao Qi , Yuan Lin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMelatonin exhibits antitumour activities in the treatment of many human cancers. In the present study, we aimed to improve the therapeutic potential of melatonin in gastric cancer. Our results confirmed that melatonin dose‐dependently suppressed the proliferation and necrosis, and increased G0/G1 phase arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The Ras‐Raf‐MAPK signalling pathway was activated in cells after melatonin treatment. RNA‐seq was performed and GSEA analysis further confirmed that many down‐regulated genes in melatonin‐treated cells were associated with proliferation. However, GSEA analysis also indicated that many pathways related to metastasis were increased after melatonin treatment. Subsequently, combinatorial treatment was conducted to further investigate the therapeutic outcomes of melatonin. A combination of melatonin and thapsigargin increased the apoptotic rate and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest when compared to treatment with melatonin alone. Melatonin in combination with thapsigargin triggered the increased expression of Bip, LC3‐II, phospho‐Erk1/2 and phospho‐p38 MAPK. In addition, STF‐083010, an IRE1a inhibitor, further exacerbated the decrease in survival rate induced by combinatorial treatment with melatonin and thapsigargin. Collectively, melatonin was effective in gastric cancer treatment by modifying ER stress.
Impact of glucagon response on early postprandial glucose excursions irrespective of residual β‐cell function in type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study using a mixed meal tolerance test
Authors: Ito Ayako , Horie Ichiro , Miwa Masaki , Sako Ayaka , Niri Tetsuro , Nakashima Yomi , Shigeno Riyoko , Haraguchi Ai , Natsuda Shoko , Akazawa Satoru , Kamada Akie , Kawakami Atsushi , Abiru Norio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionControlling postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes is challenging even under the adequate treatment of insulin injection. Recent studies showed that dysregulated glucagon secretion exacerbates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients, but little is known in type 1 diabetes patients. We investigated whether the glucagon response to a meal ingestion could influence the postprandial glucose excursion in patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 34 patients with type 1 diabetes and 23 patients with type 2 diabetes as controls. All patients underwent a liquid mixed meal tolerance test. We measured levels of plasma glucose, C‐peptide and glucagon at fasting (0 min), and 30, 60 and 120 min after meal ingestion. All type 1 diabetes patients received their usual basal insulin and two‐thirds of the necessary dose of the premeal bolus insulin.ResultsThe levels of plasma glucagon were elevated and peaked 30 min after the mixed meal ingestion in both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes patients. The glucagon increments from fasting to each time point (30, 60 and 120 min) in type 1 diabetes patients were comparable to those in type 2 diabetes patients. Among the type 1 diabetes patients, the glucagon response showed no differences between the subgroups based on diabetes duration (<5 vs ≥5 years) and fasting C‐peptide levels (<0.10 vs ≥0.10 nmol/L). The changes in plasma glucose from fasting to 30 min were positively correlated with those in glucagon, but not C‐peptide, irrespective of diabetes duration and fasting C‐peptide levels in patients with type 1 diabetes.ConclusionsThe dysregulated glucagon likely contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia independent of the residual β‐cell functions during the progression of type 1 diabetes.
Drying of sliced tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumL.) by a novel halogen dryer: Effects of drying temperature on physical properties, drying kinetics, and energy consumption
Authors: Al‐Hilphy Asaad Rehman , Gavahian Mohsen , Barba Francisco J. , Lorenzo José M. , Al‐Shalah Zainab Musaddaq , Verma Deepak Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the impact of halogen drying temperature (60, 70, and 80°C) on drying kinetics and some sensory and physical properties of tomato slices. Also, the suitability of previously proposed models for predicting the drying process of tomato slices was assessed and compared with that of a newly proposed model using root mean square error, reduced chi‐square, and determination of coefficient. According to the results, increasing the drying temperature from 60 to 80°C reduced the drying time from 150 to 106 min but increased energy consumption. Experimental drying curves indicated only one falling drying rate period for the drying temperatures of 60 and 70°C, while two consecutive falling rate periods were observed for drying temperatures of 80°C due to the case‐hardening phenomenon. The highest sensory score was obtained for samples dried at 60°C. Also, the effective moisture diffusion varied between 7.96 × 10−9and 1.07 × 10−8m2/s. The color parameters (L*,a*,b*,a*/b*, and ∆E) of samples were significantly affected by drying temperature. The browning index and mass transfer coefficient increased significantly (p< .05) with the increase of the drying temperature. The results introduced halogen drying as a promising processing technology for drying tomato slices.Practical applicationsDrying, such as tomato slices drying, is one of the common process in the food industry. A novel drying technique, that is, halogen drying, was explored in the present study. This innovative process showed a good potential for upscaling, considering its ability in saving energy consumption, reducing drying time, and producing high‐quality products. Also, the effects of important process parameters, such as drying temperature, on the quality of the product were explained which can help with future commercial applications. Furthermore, the new mathematical models proposed in this study can be used by the industry to predict the quality parameters of the product and to achieve process automation.
Metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeasts to enhance single cell oil production
Authors: Chawla Kirti , Kaur Sumandeep , Kaur Ranjeet , Bhunia Rupam Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe perpetual increase in global population has led to a sharp hike in the per capita consumption of vegetable oils. To meet the demands for both edible and non‐edible oils, scientists have developed alternative sources of fuel that are sustainable yet eco‐friendly. Oleaginous yeasts are capable of producing lipids that form up to 20% of their total biomass and are mostly stored in the form of neutral lipids, also known as triacylglycerol (TAG). Yeast grows quickly and accumulates fatty acids that are very similar to vegetable oils. The production of single cell oil (SCO) from yeast can be easily enhanced genetically to meet the rising global demand for edible and renewable fuels as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Thus, SCO could serve as a promising platform for oil production, thereby preventing the current food‐fuel competition in land use. This review will focus on the recent understanding of TAG metabolic pathways and the subsequent metabolic engineering of the related genes involved in oleaginous yeasts that paved the platform for enhanced SCO production.Practical applicationsOleaginous yeast single cell oil is a non‐plant‐based, renewable lipid source that can be used for the production of bio‐based oleochemicals.
Optimization of ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation of cinnamon and bay leaf essential oil
Authors: Tunç Merve Tuğçe , Koca İlkay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, optimum ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation (OAHD) conditions for extraction of cinnamon (CEO) and bay leaf (BEO) essential oil were determined by response surface methodology (RSM). OAHD were compared with conventional hydrodistillation (HD). Hydrodistillation time (30–120 min), mass of sample (20–40 g) and voltage gradient (7.5–12.5 V/cm), were varied to maximize essential oil (EO) yield and minimize energy consumption. Optimized OAHD conditions were determined as 119.90 min, 8.83 V/cm and 40 g, and 120 min, 8.53 V/cm and 40 g for CEO and BEO, respectively. EO yields of cinnamon and bay leaves at optimum conditions were found 3.98 ± 0.25% and 1.36 ± 0.14%, respectively. Energy consumptions were found 0.42 ± 0.02 and 0.86 ± 0.09 kWh/g EO for CEO and BEO, respectively. EO yield of OAHD was found to be higher when compared with HD methods for both plant materials. Energy consumptions and emitted CO2 values of OAHD method were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than HD methods. Cinnamaldehyde (CEO) and eucalyptol (BEO) contents of essential oils extracted with OAHD were higher when compared with HD methods. Antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted with different methods were not significantly different. CEO and BEO formed inhibition zones against all tested microorganism strains.Practical ApplicationsEssential oils of cinnamon bark and bay leaf are commonly used for food and pharmaceutical industries and, have important economic value. Conventional hydrodistillation method to extraction essential oils is time consuming, requires more energy and has more CO2 emission rates. Ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation as a novel technology, is a promising method to extraction of essential oils from different plant materials with lower process times and energy consumption when compared with conventional hydrodistillation. Ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation method can developed with regard to scale up as a green technology to essential oil production. This work provides a knowledge about the effects of different OAHD process variables on essential oil yield and energy consumption for cinnamon bark and bay leaf essential oils. It is expected that the outcomes of this study will be useful for the designing of large scale ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation units.
Integration of catastrophe and entropy theories for flood risk mapping in peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ziarh Ghaith Falah , Asaduzzaman Md , Dewan Ashraf , Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA major challenge in flood mapping using multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is the selection of the flood risk factors and the estimation of their relative importance. A novel MCDA method through the integration of two state‐of‐the‐art MCDA methods based on catastrophe and entropy theory is proposed for mapping flood risk in the Peninsular Malaysia, an area very susceptible to flooding events, is presented. A literature review was undertaken which identified the various socioeconomic, physical and environmental factors which can influence flood vulnerability and risk. A set of variables was selected using an importance index which was developed based on a questionnaire survey. Population density, percentage of vulnerable people, household income, local economy, percentage of foreign nationals, elevation and forest cover were all deemed highly relevant in mapping flood risk and determining the zones of maximum vulnerability. Spatial integration of factors using the proposed MCDA revealed that coastal regions are highly vulnerable to floods when compared to inland locations. Flood risk maps indicate that the northeastern coastal region of Malaysia is at greatest risk of flooding. The prediction capability of the integrated method was found to be 0.93, which suggests good accuracy of the proposed method in flood risk mapping.
The pressure–temperature–time–deformation history of the Beni Mzala unit (Upper Sebtides, Rif belt, Morocco): Refining the Alpine tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Alboran Domain of the western Mediterranean
Authors: Marrone Sara , Monié Patrick , Rossetti Federico , Lucci Federico , Theye Thomas , Bouybaouene Mohamed L. , Zaghloul Mohamed Najib 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe structural and thermal relaxation overprint associated with the Neogene Alboran rifting have obscured the early Alpine tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Alboran Domain, representing the metamorphic core of the Betic–Rif orogen of the western Mediterranean region. This study focuses on the Beni Mzala unit, forming the lower and deeper structural level of the Alpine metamorphic nappe stack (Upper Sebtides) in the Moroccan Rif. Meso‐ and micro‐scale structural investigations are carried out on high‐P aluminum silicate (Ky‐bearing)‐quartz segregations that occur as boudins within the main retrogressive syn‐greenschist foliation (S2/D2) and assumed to preserve the early M1 HP metamorphism associated with the Alpine orogenic construction in the Alboran Domain. These boudins host an early crenulated high‐P foliation (S1, D1/M1) made of quartz–kyanite–white mica–rutile. A large spread in white mica composition is documented, with the highest Si content per formula unit (up to 3.18 apfu) preserved along the S1 foliation and the lower Si content observed in the white mica marking the S2 retrogressive foliation (D2/M2) and the rim of S1 mica. Microtextural evidence documents post‐tectonic andalusite growth and static recrystallization of the quartz microlithons. Inverse (Zr‐in‐Rt thermometry) and forward modelling thermobarometry are integrated with Ar–Ar white mica geochronology to define the peak and exhumation pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) path of the Beni Mzala unit. Minimum thermo‐baric estimates for the M1 event are ~1.4 GPa and 600°C, corresponding to a metamorphic gradient of ~11°/km, consistent with subduction zone metamorphism. Exhumation is constrained by re‐equilibration of the white mica composition (from high to low celadonite) between c. 29 and 22 Ma, during a nearly isothermal retrogressive path, with final equilibration at high‐T/low‐P conditions within the andalusite stability field (~0.2–0.3 GPa and 500°C). A minimum late Oligocene age is proposed for the Alpine D1 tectono‐metamorphic stage in the Rif, suggesting as feasible the previously proposed Eocene timing for the subduction‐zone metamorphism of the Alboran Domain. Conclusive evidence is provided to link the early Miocene tectono‐metamorphic event to a late thermal perturbation that affected the Alboran Domain at shallow crustal conditions, post‐dating the almost complete exhumation of the deep roots of the Alpine belt in the western Mediterranean.