bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Multiscale Image-Based Control and Characterization of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Blanc Remi , Niklaus Matthieu , Lichau Daniel , Chirazi Ali , Barthelemy Patrick 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are today the main energy storage devices from portable electronics devices to electric vehicles. LIB have a high energy density, low self-discharge, and low memory effect allowing for large number of charging cycle without degrading storage capacity. Performance, cost and safety are the main factors driving research and different chemistry are investigated in order to achieve better performance at a lower cost and increase safety.
Research, development and quality control of LIB can benefit much from X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) and Focused-Ion Beam – Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM).
MicroCT allows for complete non-destructive acquisition of a complete battery cell, allowing to control the production process and to monitor the changes occurring in the structure during multiple charging cycles. Different visualization techniques are proposed on a 7µm microCT acquisition of a Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide cell 18650 (NMC) which allow for a visual inspection of the internal structure of the cell, including techniques of unfolding to look at rolled electrodes and measurement such as electrode thickness, height, or length.
Macroscopic properties of a battery, including mechanical, thermal and electrical, find their origins at a nano-scale. Using FIB-SEM, high resolution images can be acquired which can reveal the structure of the electrodes or the separator. Besides the volume fraction or surface areas of the different phases, the connectivity of pores and/or particles, their surface of contacts, path tortuosity or constrictivity, permeability or molecular diffusivity, become accessible. We will present simulation results on permeability and tortuosity on this sample.
We will also present correlative experiment, performing first a microCT scan of a cathode foil sample on its aluminium collector, spotting sites of interest in it, and acquiring those volumes with FIB-SEM.
Strategies for Limiting Gas Evolution in Li-Ion Batteries Applied to the Energy Storage System
Authors: Daigle Jean-Christophe , Asakawa Yuichiro , Zaghib Karim 
Published: February 2020

One of the promising approaches for limiting climate changes is to use alternatives and greener sources of energy (wind, solar, etc.). However, the production of electricity from these sources is fluctuant and needs a solution for storage thus, the advent of energy storage for wind power, solar plant, etc., requires a new generation of batteries in order to optimize the use of these alternative sources of energy. To do so, the development of a battery with a high rate of charging and discharging, a longer cycle life and safe is imperative.
Esstalion Technologies was a joint-venture between Hydro-Québec and Sony Corp. (Murata) for the development of energy storage systems. Our division (Battery Materials Research) was dedicated on the elaboration of new materials for enhancing the cycle life, the safety and the performances of the Li-ion batteries. We devoted our efforts to develop LFP-LTO batteries; this presentation will highlight our strategies to limit the gas evolution in a battery; two strategies will be presented, the use of an additive in the cell for limiting the degradation of the electrolyte and the protection of the surface of the active inorganic particles by a hydrophobic polymeric coating before the production of the electrode.
Formation of a solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) during the operation of the battery is the most applicable for partially preventing degradation. Recently, we reported on the use of polymers as a protective layer; the thin film is in situ polymerized on the anode during cell operations or grafted on the surface of particles before manufacturing as electrodes. We demonstrated the efficient use of in situ Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) of propylene carbonate for creating a protective film on the anode surface. By this method, we reduced gas evolution in the cell without increased of internal resistance. Moreover, two methods to graft polymers on particles (LTO) were applied with success for preventing degradation of LFP-LTO cells. Because battery environments are aggressive (HF formation, pH = 2), we developed a new robust method for grafting hydrophobic polymers on active particles (LTO) by Williamson Ether Synthesis, which is compatible with the manufacturing of electrodes, and prevents significant cell degradation over extensive cycling.
These methods are valuable for large production because it is inexpensive and easy to scale-up. They are able to limit the degradation of the battery by increasing the capacity retention and stabilizing the resistance of the electrode with the accelerated aging.
First Insights for the Investigation of the Electrical Contact Among the Particles of Lithium Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Kröger Till-Niklas , Wiemers-Meyer Simon , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha 
Published: February 2020

Mechanical degradation phenomena arising from the volume change during charging and discharging can severely affect the electrical contact among the particles within the composite cathode material. Furthermore, electrochemically induced particle disintegration at high currents (e.g. for LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111)) is conceivable to have a major influence on the loss of electrochemical performance.
There is a variety of electrochemical monitoring and investigation techniques for the analysis of electrode materials (e.g. impedance spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Raman spectroscopy). However, there is no sensitive analytical method in the field of battery research for the investigation of particles and the integrity of the conductive network among them within the composite electrode material. Therefore, the development of novel analytical approaches for the investigation of particle contact and the resulting contribution on the capacity fading is mandatory. The focus of this work is the development of a method for particle analysis of lithium ion battery (LIB) cathode materials by means of inductively coupled plasma based techniques with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Presuming an intact conductive network among the particles of the active material, the state-of-charge (SOC) should be equal throughout the electrode. Because the SOC correlates to the degree of lithiation (DOL) of the particles, the assessment of electrical contact is accessible by determining the ratio of lithium and host element (e.g. nickel, cobalt, manganese).
For ICP-based techniques, the particle size distribution requires to be narrow and small-sized for the accurate element determination. Furthermore, due to potentially occurring Li+-H+ exchange reactions, the sample introduction of NMC cathode materials in aqueous media is not feasible[1]. Therefore, the size dependent separation is performed by the principle of air classification and the particulate sample is introduced by means of an argon flow to the plasma. The utilization of particle classification indicates the applicability for ICP-based particle analysis due to the facilitation of low particle number concentrations and narrow size distributions and the results for ICP-MS and -OES exhibit the fundamental functioning for the application in particle analysis.
[1] J. Li, R. Klöpsch, S. Nowak, M. Kunze, M. Winter, S. Passerini, J. Power Sources. 2011,
196
, 7687-7691.
Quenched Li0.6FePO4 As a Vehicle for Studying Phase Separation Kinetics in Li-Ion Battery Materials
Authors: Savignac Laurence , Schougaard Steen Brian 
Published: February 2020

Olivine-type cathodes have asserted their ability to store energy efficiently in wide range of applications. Still, the phase transition process during charge and discharge raises questions regarding reactions rates, as the deintercallation/intercalation process via a phase transition mechanism is expected to affect ionic and electronic transport. In this study, the metastability of LixFePO4 solid solution is used to study the kinetics of the phase transition. Factors that affect the transformation of the metastable Li0.6FePO4 are reported, including preparation conditions and surface effects.
Crystal structure dynamics were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD) while more localized changes were revealed by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). These two techniques corroborate to distinguish the metastable solid solution phase relative to phase separation which emerges over time. Specifically, Reitveld refinement was used with the aim of detecting lithium rich and lithium poor phases as a function of time, resulting in a phase transition kinetic profile. In addition, lithium content was confirmed by flame emission spectrometry (AES). Recent results show how the phase separation is affected by the Li-ion battery chemistry as well as physical conditions. Importantly, surface effects were identified as crucial aspects in the kinetics of phase separation. The developed techniques serve as an experimental tool towards understanding Li0.6FePO4 solid solution.
Niche occupancy of two (congeneric) skinks in an islands environment
Authors: Civantos Emilio , Arribas Rosa , Martín Jose 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Among the scincid lizards inhabiting the Mediterranean region, the Ocellated skink (Chalcides ocellatus) and the little-known and endangered Chafarinas’ skink (Chalcides parallelus) co-occur in sympatry at the Chafarinas Islands (NW Africa). Although both species are present in the archipelago, C. ocellatus is spread in the three islands, but C. parallelus is present only in one island. What factors influence this distribution, and whether these two species show evidence for syntopy is unknown. In this study, we investigated spatial niche occupancy at the level of microhabitat of both skinks at the Chafarinas Islands. We tested for microhabitat differences between islands and then, we tested the null hypothesis of no differences between microhabitat used by each of these skink species and a set of locations chosen at random from the general habitat. Results showed that the distribution and abundance of available microhabitats were different among islands, thus each island has different spatial niches that may be important in distinguishing the areas occupied by these skinks. Results also revealed that C. ocellatus did not use available microhabitats at random, but preferentially selected particular microhabitats. However, C. parallelus used microhabitats according to their availability, although it showed some aspects of habitat selection similar to C. ocellatus. Our results showed that the inclusion of detailed microhabitat descriptors could be useful for understanding patterns of niche occupancy by these skinks species. Furthermore, to our knowledge this is the first study documenting the spatial niche selection of C. parallelus and provides novel ecological information that may be of major importance to develop management strategies that will help to conserve this endangered species.
Robustness of the Recent Global Atmospheric Reanalyses for Antarctic Near-Surface Wind Speed Climatology
Authors: Dong Xu , Wang Yetang , Hou Shugui , Ding Minghu , Yin Baoling , Zhang Yulun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNear-surface wind speed observations from 30 manned meteorological stations and 26 automatic weather stations over the Antarctic Ice Sheet are used to examine the robustness of wind speed climatology in six recent global reanalysis products: the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), the Japan Meteorological Agency 55-Year Reanalysis (JRA-55), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis 2 (NCEP2), and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) and fifth-generation reanalysis (ERA5). Their skills for representing near-surface wind speeds vary by season, with better performance in summer than in winter. At the regional scale, all reanalysis datasets perform more poorly for the magnitude, but better for their year-to-year changes in wind regimes in the escarpment than the coastal and plateau regions. By comparison, ERA5 has the best performance for the monthly averaged wind speed magnitude and the interannual variability of the near-surface wind speed from 1979 onward. Intercomparison exhibits high and significant correlations for annual and seasonal wind speed Antarctic-wide averages from different datasets during their overlapping timespans (1980–2018), despite some regional disagreements between the different reanalyses. Furthermore, all of the reanalyses show positive trends of the annual and summer wind speeds for the 1980–2018 period, which are linked with positive polarity of the southern annular mode.
HPV screening performance indicators in women who previously tested HPV-negative: The second round of Vallecamonica screening programme, Northern Italy
Authors: Pasquale Luigi , Rossi Paolo G , Carozzi Francesca , Domenighini Serena , Ruggeri Cristina , Cecconami Lorella , Morana Corrado , Chiaramonte Margherita , Chiudinelli Daniela , Piccolomini Manuela , Marchione Roberta , Confortini Massimo 
Published: February 2020

Objective To present performance indicators from the second round of the Vallecamonica-Sebino HPV screening programme in women who had tested negative about four years earlier (mean 45 months). Methods From 2010 to 2012, the target female population (aged 25–64) was invited to the first HPV screening round. In 2013–2017, women were rescreened for the second round. HPV-negative women at the first round were initially rescreened after three years. The interval was gradually increased to five years. HPV-positive women underwent cytology triage: positives were referred to colposcopy and negatives to repeat testing after one year. If HPV was persistently positive, women were referred to colposcopy, if negative, to normal interval rescreening. Results In the second round, of 13,824 previously HPV-negative women, 598 were HPV-positive (4.3%), of whom 297 were positive at cytology triage. Of those referred to one-year HPV test, 291 complied (98.0%), 133 (50.2%) of whom were persistently positive. Total referral was 3.1% compared with 6.6% in the first round (age-adjusted relative referral 0.59, 95% CI: 0.53–0.65). There were 24 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (three cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+). Detection was 0.17%, compared with 0.9% in the first round. Age-adjusted relative detections were 0.25 (95% CI: 0.16–0.39) and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.05–0.61) for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3+, respectively. Positive predictive value was 5.7%, compared with 14.6% in the first round. Conclusions At second round, referral was half that at first round, while cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ detection decreased nine-fold. Consequently, positive predictive value decreased dramatically. Rescreening four years after an HPV-negative test makes the process inefficient due to the low prevalence of lesions.
Pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Canna Scott W. , Marsh Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome describing patients with severe systemic hyperinflammation. Characteristic features include unremitting fever, cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, and elevation of typical HLH biomarkers. Patients can develop hepatitis, coagulopathy, liver failure, central nervous system involvement, multiorgan failure, and other manifestations. The syndrome has a high mortality rate. More and more, it is recognized that while HLH can be appropriately used as a broad summary diagnosis, many pediatric patients actually suffer from an expanding spectrum of genetic diseases that can be complicated by the syndrome of HLH. Classic genetic diseases in which HLH is a typical and common manifestation include pathogenic changes in familial HLH genes (PRF1, UNC13D, STXBP2, and STX11), several granule/pigment abnormality genes (RAB27A, LYST, and AP3B1), X-linked lymphoproliferative disease genes (SH2D1A and XIAP), and others such as NLRC4, CDC42, and the Epstein-Barr virus susceptibility diseases. There are many other genetic diseases in which HLH is an infrequent complication of the disorder as opposed to a prominent manifestation of the disease caused directly by the genetic defect, including other primary immune deficiencies and inborn errors of metabolism. HLH can also occur in patients with underlying rheumatologic or autoinflammatory disorders and is usually designated macrophage activation syndrome in those settings. Additionally, HLH can develop in patients during infections or malignancies without a known (or as-yet-identified) genetic predisposition. This article will attempt to summarize current concepts in the pediatric HLH field as well as offer a practical diagnostic and treatment overview.
The TEMPI syndrome
Authors: Sykes David B. , O’Connell Casey , Schroyens Wilfried 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe TEMPI syndrome is a rare and acquired disorder characterized by 5 salient features, which compose its name: (1) telangiectasias; (2) elevated erythropoietin and erythrocytosis; (3) monoclonal gammopathy; (4) perinephric fluid collections; and (5) intrapulmonary shunting. Complete resolution of symptoms following treatment with plasma cell-directed therapy supports the hypothesis that the monoclonal antibody is causal and pathogenic. Understanding the basis of the TEMPI syndrome will depend on the identification of additional patients and a coordinated international effort.
Genomic insight into the origins and evolution of symbiosis genes in Phaseolus vulgaris microsymbionts
Authors: Tong Wenjun , Li Xiangchen , Wang Entao , Cao Ying , Chen Weimin , Tao Shiheng , Wei Gehong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) microsymbionts belonging to the bacterial genera Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) have been isolated across the globe. Individual symbiosis genes (e.g., nodC) of these rhizobia can be different within each genus and among distinct genera. Little information is available about the symbiotic structure of indigenous Rhizobium strains nodulating introduced bean plants or the emergence of a symbiotic ability to associate with bean plants in Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer strains. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 29 representative bean microsymbionts (21 Rhizobium, four Ensifer, and four Bradyrhizobium) and compared them with closely related reference strains to estimate the origins of symbiosis genes among these Chinese bean microsymbionts.

Results
Comparative genomics demonstrated horizontal gene transfer exclusively at the plasmid level, leading to expanded diversity of bean-nodulating Rhizobium strains. Analysis of vertically transferred genes uncovered 191 (out of the 2654) single-copy core genes with phylogenies strictly consistent with the taxonomic status of bacterial species, but none were found on symbiosis plasmids. A common symbiotic region was wholly conserved within the Rhizobium genus yet different from those of the other two genera. A single strain of Ensifer and two Bradyrhizobium strains shared similar gene content with soybean microsymbionts in both chromosomes and symbiotic regions.

Conclusions
The 19 native bean Rhizobium microsymbionts were assigned to four defined species and six putative novel species. The symbiosis genes of R. phaseoli, R. sophoriradicis, and R. esperanzae strains that originated from Mexican bean-nodulating strains were possibly introduced alongside bean seeds. R. anhuiense strains displayed distinct host ranges, indicating transition into bean microsymbionts. Among the six putative novel species exclusive to China, horizontal transfer of symbiosis genes suggested symbiosis with other indigenous legumes and loss of originally symbiotic regions or non-symbionts before the introduction of common bean into China. Genome data for Ensifer and Bradyrhizobium strains indicated symbiotic compatibility between microsymbionts of common bean and other hosts such as soybean.
Postoperative pain treatment with erector spinae plane block and pectoralis nerve blocks in patients undergoing mitral/tricuspid valve repair — a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gawęda Bogusław , Borys Michał , Belina Bartłomiej , Bąk Janusz , Czuczwar Miroslaw , Wołoszczuk-Gębicka Bogumiła , Kolowca Maciej , Widenka Kazimierz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Effective postoperative pain control remains a challenge for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Novel regional blocks may improve pain management for such patients and can shorten their length of stay in the hospital.
To compare postoperative pain intensity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with either erector spinae plane (ESP) block or combined ESP and pectoralis nerve (PECS) blocks.

Methods
This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study done in a tertiary hospital. Thirty patients undergoing mitral/tricuspid valve repair via mini-thoracotomy were included. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups: ESP or PECS + ESP group (1:1 randomization). Patients in both groups received a single-shot, ultrasound-guided ESP block. Participants in PECS + ESP group received additional PECS blocks. Each patient had to be extubated within 2 h from the end of the surgery. Pain was treated via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The primary outcome was the total oxycodone consumption via PCA during the first postoperative day. The secondary outcomes included pain intensity measured on the visual analog scale (VAS), patient satisfaction, Prince Henry Hospital Pain Score (PHHPS), and spirometry.

Results
Patients in the PECS + ESP group used significantly less oxycodone than those in the ESP group: median 12 [interquartile range (IQR): 6–16] mg vs. 20 [IQR: 18–29] mg (p = 0.0004). Moreover, pain intensity was significantly lower in the PECS + ESP group at each of the five measurements during the first postoperative day. Patients in the PECS + ESP group were more satisfied with pain management. No difference was noticed between both groups in PHHPS and spirometry.

Conclusions
The addition of PECS blocks to ESP reduced consumption of oxycodone via PCA, reduced pain intensity on the VAS, and increased patient satisfaction with pain management in patients undergoing mitral/tricuspid valve repair via mini-thoracotomy.

Trial registration
The study was registered on the 19th July 2018 (first posted) on the ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03592485.