bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Those Are Things for Married People”: Exploring Parents’/adults’ and Adolescents’ Perspectives on Contraceptives in Kenya
Authors: Mwaisaka Jefferson , Dibaba Yohannes , Ouedraogo Ramatou , Oduor Clement , Habib Helen , Njagi Joan , Bangha Martin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundContraceptive use among adolescent girls is low in many sub-Saharan African countries including Kenya. One factor likely to limit contraceptive use among adolescent girls is the attitude of parents and other community members including adolescent girls themselves. Understanding parents’, other adults’ in the community and adolescent girls’ perspectives and attitudes towards contraceptive use might help to unravel the cause of low use of contraception among adolescent girls. This study therefore sought to explore and compare adults’/parents’ and adolescent girls’ narratives and perspectives about contraception in Narok and Homa Bay counties, Kenya. MethodsQualitative data from 45 in-depth-interviews conducted with purposively selected consenting adolescent girls aged 15-19 was used. Additionally, twelve focus group discussions were held with 86 consenting adults conveniently recruited from the two counties. All discussions were conducted in the local language and audio recorded following consent of the study participants. Female moderators were engaged throughout the study making it appropriate for the study to solicit feedback from the targeted respondents.Results Findings highlighted adults’ perceptions on adolescents’ sexuality and the presence of stringent conceptions about the side-effects of contraception in the study communities. Some participants underscored the need for open contraceptive talk between parents and their adolescent girls. Four main themes emerged from the discussions; i) Perceptions about adolescents’ sexuality and risk prevention, ii) Conceptions about contraception among nulligravida adolescents: fear of infertility, malformation and sexual libertinism, iii) Post-pregnancy contraceptive considerations and iv) Thinking differently: divergent views regarding contraceptives and parent/adolescent discussion.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there is a need for increased attention towards adolescents and their caregivers particularly in demystifying contraceptive misconceptions. Programmatic efforts should therefore be directed towards the provision of sexual and reproductive health knowledge and services through a well-informed approach that will provide accurate information on how contraceptive methods work, the side effects of each method and the benefits associated with them at the family and community levels. Programmatic efforts should further seek to enhance the capacity of parents to discuss sexuality with adolescents.
Experimental study on the reduction effect of pit texture on disassembly damage for interference fit
Authors: Zhou Dan , Xu Yi , Gao Xin , Huang Hai-Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
After remanufacturing disassembly, several kinds of friction damages can be found on the mating surface of interference fit. These damages should be repaired and the cost is closely related to the severity of damages. Inspired by the excellent performance of surface texture in wear reduction, 5 shapes of pit array textures are added to the specimens’ surface to study their reduction effect of disassembly damage for interference fit. The results of disassembly experiments show that the order of influence of texture parameters on disassembly damage is as follows: equivalent circle diameter of single texture，texture shape and texture surface density. The influence of equivalent circle diameter of single texture and texture shape are obviously more significant than that of texture surface density. The circular texture with a surface density of 30% and a diameter of 100μm shows an excellent disassembly damage reduction effect. The load-carrying capacity of interference fit with the excellent texture is confirmed by load-carrying capacity experiments. The results show that the load-carrying capacity of the excellent texture surface is increased about 40% compared with that of without texture.
Eosinophil and Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ari Selma , Can Veysi , Demir Ömer Furkan , Ari Hasan , Ağca Fahriye Vatansever , Melek Mehmet , Çamcı Sencer , Dikiş Özlem Şengören , Huysal Kağan , Türk Tamer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Despite prophylactic anticoagulant treatments, thrombotic complications may develop in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate anti-Factor Xa levels to determine the anticoagulant activity of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in COVID-19 patients.Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated 80 COVID-19 patients, diagnosed using polymerase-chain-reaction test, who were admitted to our clinic and administered LMWH; enoxaparin was applied according to the weight, D-dimer levels, and clinical condition of patients. Anti-Factor Xa levels in blood, drawn 4h after the 3rd dose of LMWH, were measured and a level of <0.2IU/ml was considered subprophylactic. Patients were followed up clinically and anti-Factor Xa levels were re-examined before discharge. Results:Groups 1 and 2 included 13 and 63 patients with subprophylactic (0.18±0.06) and prophylactic (0.43±0.23) anti-Factor Xa levels, respectively. The proportion of eosinophils in patients was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (2.96±2.55 vs 0.90±1.28;p=0.001). At the time of discharge the eosinophilic proportion of patients was significantly higher (3.06±1.49 vs 2.07±1.92;p=0.001) but the activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly lower (22.34±1.38 vs 24.38±3.58; p=0.01) in group 1 than in group 2. Of 14 patients with eosinophil content >4%, 6 were in group 1 ((6/13) 46.2%) while 8 were in group 2 ((8/63) 11.9%); (p=0.009), and all had a D-dimer level <1µg/mL (p=0.03). ROC analysis for the presence of anticoagulation at subprophylactic level revealed an area under curve of 0.79 (95% CI:0.64-0.93); p=0.001).Conclusions: In COVID-19 patients, eosinophil levels could be considered for determining effective prophylactic anticoagulant administration. (NCT04507282)
Modeling analysis of a SEIQR epidemic model to assess the impact of undetected cases , and predict the early peack of the COVID-19 outbreak in Cameroon
Authors: LEONTINE NKAGUE NKAMBA , LUTHER MAYOMBE MANN MARTIN , TIMOTHEE MANGA THOMAS , Mbang J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease, and the strain is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It belongs to the coronavirus family, which can result in benign diseases in humans, such as a cold, and can also cause serious pathologies such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). In this study, we have modeled the COVID-19 epidemic in Cameroon. We used early reported case data to predict the peak, assess the impact of containment measures, and the impact of undetected infected people on the epidemic trend and characteristics of COVID-19. The basic reproduction number is computed using Lyapunov functions, and the global stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium are demonstrated.
Resilience in Cancer Care at the Time of COVID-19: Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Emergency in a Large Italian Community Hospital
Authors: Lasagna Angioletta , Secondino Simona , Agustoni Francesco , Monaco Teresa , Imarisio Ilaria , Pagani Anna , Rizzo Gianpiero , Tancredi Richard J. , Pozzi Emma , Ferraris Elisa , Chiellino Silvia , Gandini Chiara , Brugnatelli Silvia G. , Pedrazzoli Paolo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
PurposeWith the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Oncologists have had to face the challenge of continuing active treatments without compromising the safety of our patients and healthcare personnel. Methods From February 24th, we reorganized our Oncology Unit with the introduction of a double-step triage strategy for cancer patients under treatment in order to identify patients at risk from COVID-19 and to avoid their admission to the outpatient clinic and to the inpatient ward.ResultsFrom February 24 to April 7 2020, we have performed 819 phone calls, leading to the authorization of 788 accesses (312 patients) to the outpatient clinic for active treatments. 26 patients (8.3%) with symptoms were kept at home and managed by repeated telephone calls; 23 of them were managed at home with symptomatic treatments and antibiotics and the others 3 were hospitalized for suspected COVID. At the second triage level, 5 patients weren’t admitted to the Outpatient clinic for persistent fever or respiratory distress.177 patients were admitted to the inpatient ward: none has been found to be COVID-19 positive and both outpatient and inpatient areas were still COVID-19 free. No healthcare workers became infected by SARS-CoV-2.ConclusionOur practical approach based on a simple double-step triage strategy, allows the identification of patients at risk for active COVID-19 infection, did not request neither human nor economic extra resources and appears effective, within a large community Hospital, in maintaining cancer care and therapy while protecting patients and healthcare workers from COVID-19 infection.
The Feasibility and Safety of Barbed Running Suture in Total Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy (TLDG)for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ge Lei , Wang Tong-Bo , Zhou Hong , Wei Jian Jian , Guo Chunguang , Zhao DongBing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) is a minimally invasive method for gastric cancer. Intracorporeal reconstruction of the digestive tract with technically challenging is a critical step. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a simplified method using a unidirectional barbed suture to create a continuous hand-sewn for gastrointestinal enterotomy closure and reinforcement of the duodenal stump (RDS) in our institutional experience. Methods: From March 2019 to December 2019, 32 patients who underwent TLDG with a hand-sewn gastrojejunostomy (GJA), jejunojejunostomy (JJ) and reinforcement the duodenal stump (RDS) were enrolled in this study. After tumor resection, the technique with the knotless unidirectional barbed suture was used to close the common incision for the linear stapler during the intracorporeal reconstruction following the TLDG. Patient characteristics, operative time, length of hospital stay, the time of the first flatus, and postoperative complications were evaluated. Results: The reinforcement and closure method were successfully performed after TLDG in the 32 patients without re-exploration. No major adverse events occurred during or after the operation. The mean procedure time was (247.3 ± 44.2) min, while the common incision closure procedure took a mean of 9.5±1.6min, the Laparoscopic Reinforcement Suture (LRS) procedure took a mean of 5.7± 0.9min, the blood loss was (68.0 ± 48.3) ml. The mean number of LNs dissected was (31.5 ± 11.3), the mean time of the first flatus was (3.7±1.2) days, the postoperative bed activity time (1.7±0.3)days, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was(9.5±2.7)days. The complications rate was 6.3%, including one emptying dysfunction, and one local abscess near duodenal stumps. Conclusions: The use of the unidirectional absorbable barbed suture for gastrojejunal/ jejunojejunal enterotomy closure and reinforcement of the duodenal stump is safe and effective in TLDG.
Analysis of BRCA1/2 variants of unknown significance in patients with breast cancer from a prospective KOHBRA study
Authors: Kim Joo Heung , Park Sunggyun , Park Hyung Seok , Park Ji Soo , Lee Seung-Tae , Kim Sung-Won , Lee Jong Won , Lee Min Hyuk , Park Sue K. , Noh Woo-Chul , Choi Doo Ho , Han Wonshik , Jung Sung Hoo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is crucial for diagnosing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes (HBOC). Testing for such genes has been on the rise due to the development of multigene panel tests. However, results classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS) present challenges to clinicians trying to interpret their functions and choose appropriate management plans.Methods We reviewed a total of 676 breast cancer patients who had VUS on BRCA mutation tests between November 2007 and April 2013 in the KOHBRA study. These results were compared to the ClinVar database. We calculated the incidence and odds ratios for these variants using the Korean Reference Genome Database (KRGDB).Results A total of 58 and 91 distinct VUS in BRCA1 and 2 were identified in the KOHBRA study (comprising 258 and 453 patients, respectively). A total of 27 variants in the KOHBRA study were not registered in the SNP database. Of the BRCA1 VUS, 20 variants were reclassified as benign or likely benign, 4 variants were reclassified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and 8 variants remained as VUS according to the ClinVar database. Of the BRCA2 VUS variants, 25 variants were reclassified as benign or likely benign, two variants were reclassified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, and 33 variants remained as VUS according to the Clinvar database. There were 12 variants with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity for BRCA1 and 18 variants for BRCA2. Among them, p.Leu1780Pro showed a particularly high odds ratio.Conclusions Six pathogenic variants and one conflicting variant identified using ClinVar could be reclassified as pathogenic variants in this study. Using updated ClinVar and calculating odds ratios can be helpful when reclassifying VUS in BRCA1/2.
JAK-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Walz Lucas , Cohen Avi J. , Rebaza Andre P. , Vanchieri James , Slade Martin D. , Cruz Charles S. Dela , Sharma Lokesh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The spread of a highly pathogenic, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic, having already infected over 17 million. Novel therapies are urgently needed. Janus kinase-inhibitors and Type I interferons have emerged as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients for their proven efficacy against diseases with excessive cytokine release and due to direct antiviral ability against viruses including coronaviruses, respectively. We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of Janus kinase-inhibitors and Type I interferons and their ability to produce positive patient outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods A search of MEDLINE and MedRxiv was conducted by three investigators from inception until July 30 th 2020, including any study type that compared treatment outcomes of humans treated with JAK-inhibitor or Type I interferon against controls. Inclusion necessitated data with clearly indicated risk estimates or those that permitted their back-calculation. Outcomes were synthesized using RevMan. Results Of 733 searched studies, we included four randomized and eleven non-randomized trials. Five of the studies were unpublished. Those who received Janus kinase-inhibitor had significantly reduced odds of mortality (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03 – 0.39, p<0.001) and ICU admission (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 – 0.26, p<0.001), and had significantly increased odds of hospital discharge (OR, 22.76; 95% CI, 10.68 – 48.54, p<0.00001), when compared to standard treatment group. Type I interferon recipients had significantly reduced odds of mortality (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04 – 0.85, p<0.05), and increased odds of discharge bordering significance (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.00 – 3.59, p=0.05). Conclusions Janus kinase-inhibitor treatment is significantly associated with positive clinical outcomes in terms of mortality, ICU admission, and discharge. Type I interferon treatment is associated with positive clinical outcomes in regard to mortality and discharge. While these data show promise, additional well-conducted RCTs are needed to further elucidate the relationship between clinical outcomes and Janus kinase-inhibitors and Type I interferons in COVID-19 patients.
Self-Sampling Interventions for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Jaya Ziningi Nobuhle , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani P , Parboosing Raveen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Research shows a high prevalence of sexual transmitted infections (STIs) among sexually active women throughout the world. Patient self-testing and self-sampling strategies are pivotal to facilitate rapid diagnosis of disease among key populations. The main objective of this study is to map evidence on self-sampling methods utilised to facilitate STIs diagnosis among women. Methods: We propose to conduct a scoping review, which will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac et al, 2010 and the Joanna Briggs Institution 2015 recommendations. We will conduct a database search for relevant peer-reviewed articles to answer our research question. We will search the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal Storage, Science Direct, Web of Science, and MEDLINE (via EBSCOHost). We will also search for grey literature from World Health Organisation (WHO) and Department of Health websites. We will present the results of the review following the Preferred Resulting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We will employ Nvivo version 12 for thematic content analysis of the included studies. We will conduct quality appraisal of the included studies using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT)-version 2018.Discussion: It is anticipated that findings of this scoping review will highlight gaps for further investigation to address the global burden of STIs. This could assist policy makers and developers of diagnostic equipment to develop evidence-based interventions to enable self-sampling and early diagnosis of STIs among women. Systematic Review Registration Submitted to Open Science Framework on 25 July 2020.
A Visual Framework of Meta Genomic Analysis on Variations of Whole SARS-CoV-2 Sequences
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Liu Jianzhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The worldwide outbreak of the CODIV-19 has become a global pandemic resulting in millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deadths. To face such a global crisis, bioinformatics has played a key role in the diagnosis, follow-up, prognosis and treatment of COVID-19-infected patients.A novel bioinformatic tool for metagenomic analysis of whole genomes is proposed in this paper that is composed of three projections: global, clustering and genomic index. For each projection, key modules are described. Global projection provides various combinatorial distributions for a whole genome of N length, and the m-mer scheme partitions this sequence as M segments on 1D, 2D and 3D density matrices for multiple projections. Clustering projections based on distributions from global projections make special filters extract specific parts as probability eigenvalues.Genomic index projection provides comprehensive technologies under the theory of information entropy, and a list of measuring entropies are included, such as combinatorial entropy CE, integrated entropy IE, mean entropy ME and topological entropy TE. Three projections provide unified information to describe complicated functions, internal structures and refined variations for multiple groups of SARSCoV-2 on variations and other genomes in comparisons.The outputs of three projections are illustrated on variant maps to support category, clustering, classification and establishing root activities for refined quantitative operations from bottom to top strategy.
Development and Characterization of Novel Microsatellite Markers for a Dominant Parasitoid (Stethynium Empoasca) in Tea Plantations Using High-throughput Sequencing
Authors: Li Jinyu , Shi Longqing , Chen Jie , You Minsheng , You Shijun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Stethynium empoasca is an egg parasitoid of the predominant tea pest, and is regarded as the most promising candidate for both augmentative and conservative biological control in tea plantations. However, little is presently known about its biology, ecology, and genetics. Methods: Novel microsatellite markers were developed for S. empoasca from transcriptome sequences generated using high-throughput sequencing. The identified markers were then validated and characterized using 98 individuals from five geographically distinct populations through the tests of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium as well as the analyses of genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and gene flow.Results: A total of 54,520 microsatellites were identified from 117Mb clean sequences. By assessing with five geographical populations, a total of 18 loci were demonstrated to be polymorphic, stable, and repetitive. The genetic variation over the 18 loci varied with allele number ranging from 2 to 7, polymorphism information content from 0.234 to 0.634; and observed and expected heterozygosity from 0.166 to 0.686 and 0.276 to 0.753, respectively. Meanwhile, the 18 loci showed a low frequency of null alleles (0 – 0.107), and the inbreeding coefficient revealed a range from −0.143 to 0.173, with the exception of loci Ste36 (0.4076). Based on analysis of these 18 loci, the assessed populations showed low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation, in which individuals clearly grouped into two clusters. And the recent dispersal rates between the geographically distinct populations were identified to be much lower (0.011 – 0.250) than the individual gene exchange rates within a population (0.683 – 0.939).Conclusion: The identified 18 microsatellite markers could reveal a pattern of spatial structure and gene flow in S. empoasca populations according to geographic variability. This work provides an important basis for future studies on how these markers can be used in studies of the biology, genetics, and ecology of this important parasitoid. The findings can further provide important information for the development of biological control strategies in tea plantations. Additionally, our study reaffirms the importance and efficiency of high-throughput sequencing in microsatellite marker development for non-model species lacking reference genome information.