bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which stars can see Earth as a transiting exoplanet?
Authors: Kaltenegger L , Pepper J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Transit observations have found the majority of exoplanets to date. Also spectroscopic observations of transits and eclipses are the most commonly used tool to characterize exoplanet atmospheres and will be used in the search for life. However, an exoplanet’s orbit must be aligned with our line of sight to observe a transit. Here, we ask, from which stellar vantage points would a distant observer be able to search for life on Earth in the same way? We use the TESS Input Catalog and data from Gaia DR2 to identify the closest stars that could see Earth as a transiting exoplanet: We identify 1004 main-sequence stars within 100 parsecs, of which 508 guarantee a minimum 10-h long observation of Earth’s transit. Our star list consists of about 77 percent M-type, 12 percent K-type, 6 percent G-type, 4 percent F-type stars, and 1 percent A-type stars close to the ecliptic. SETI searches like the Breakthrough Listen Initiative are already focusing on this part of the sky. Our catalogue now provides a target list for this search. As part of the extended mission, NASA’s TESS will also search for transiting planets in the ecliptic to find planets that could already have found life on our transiting Earth .
Host–Endosymbiont Genome Integration in a Deep-Sea Chemosymbiotic Clam
Authors: Ip Jack Chi-Ho , Xu Ting , Sun Jin , Li Runsheng , Chen Chong , Lan Yi , Han Zhuang , Zhang Haibin , Wei Jiangong , Wang Hongbin , Tao Jun , Cai Zongwei , Qian Pei-Yuan , Qiu Jian-Wen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Endosymbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria has enabled many deep-sea invertebrates to thrive at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, but most previous studies on this mutualism have focused on the bacteria only. Vesicomyid clams dominate global deep-sea chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. They differ from most deep-sea symbiotic animals in passing their symbionts from parent to offspring, enabling intricate coevolution between the host and the symbiont. Here, we sequenced the genomes of the clam Archivesica marissinica (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) and its bacterial symbiont to understand the genomic/metabolic integration behind this symbiosis. At 1.52 Gb, the clam genome encodes 28 genes horizontally transferred from bacteria, a large number of pseudogenes and transposable elements whose massive expansion corresponded to the timing of the rise and subsequent divergence of symbiont-bearing vesicomyids. The genome exhibits gene family expansion in cellular processes that likely facilitate chemoautotrophy, including gas delivery to support energy and carbon production, metabolite exchange with the symbiont, and regulation of the bacteriocyte population. Contraction in cellulase genes is likely adaptive to the shift from phytoplankton-derived to bacteria-based food. It also shows contraction in bacterial recognition gene families, indicative of suppressed immune response to the endosymbiont. The gammaproteobacterium endosymbiont has a reduced genome of 1.03 Mb but retains complete pathways for sulfur oxidation, carbon fixation, and biosynthesis of 20 common amino acids, indicating the host’s high dependence on the symbiont for nutrition. Overall, the host–symbiont genomes show not only tight metabolic complementarity but also distinct signatures of coevolution allowing the vesicomyids to thrive in chemosynthesis-based ecosystems.
PML nuclear bodies and chromatin dynamics: catch me if you can!
Authors: Corpet Armelle , Kleijwegt Constance , Roubille Simon , Juillard Franceline , Jacquet Karine , Texier Pascale , Lomonte Patrick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEukaryotic cells compartmentalize their internal milieu in order to achieve specific reactions in time and space. This organization in distinct compartments is essential to allow subcellular processing of regulatory signals and generate specific cellular responses. In the nucleus, genetic information is packaged in the form of chromatin, an organized and repeated nucleoprotein structure that is a source of epigenetic information. In addition, cells organize the distribution of macromolecules via various membrane-less nuclear organelles, which have gathered considerable attention in the last few years. The macromolecular multiprotein complexes known as Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies (PML NBs) are an archetype for nuclear membrane-less organelles. Chromatin interactions with nuclear bodies are important to regulate genome function. In this review, we will focus on the dynamic interplay between PML NBs and chromatin. We report how the structure and formation of PML NBs, which may involve phase separation mechanisms, might impact their functions in the regulation of chromatin dynamics. In particular, we will discuss how PML NBs participate in the chromatinization of viral genomes, as well as in the control of specific cellular chromatin assembly pathways which govern physiological mechanisms such as senescence or telomere maintenance.
Hypoxia-induced TGF-β–RBFOX2–ESRP1 axis regulates human MENA alternative splicing and promotes EMT in breast cancer
Authors: Ahuja Neha , Ashok Cheemala , Natua Subhashis , Pant Deepak , Cherian Anna , Pandkar Madhura R , Yadav Pooja , Narayanan S.S. Vishnu , Mishra Jharna , Samaiya Atul , Shukla Sanjeev 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironment heralds epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis in solid tumors. Deregulation of alternative splicing (AS) of several cancer-associated genes has been instrumental in hypoxia-induced EMT. Our study in breast cancer unveils a previously unreported mechanism underlying hypoxia-mediated AS of hMENA, a crucial cytoskeleton remodeler during EMT. We report that the hypoxia-driven depletion of splicing regulator ESRP1 leads to skipping of hMENA exon 11a producing a pro-metastatic isoform, hMENAΔ11a. The transcriptional repression of ESRP1 is mediated by SLUG, which gets stimulated via hypoxia-driven TGF-β signaling. Interestingly, RBFOX2, an otherwise RNA-binding protein, is also found to transcriptionally repress ESRP1 while interacting with SLUG. Similar to SLUG, RBFOX2 gets upregulated under hypoxia via TGF-β signaling. Notably, we found that the exosomal delivery of TGF-β contributes to the elevation of TGF-β signaling under hypoxia. Moreover, our results show that in addition to hMENA, hypoxia-induced TGF-β signaling contributes to global changes in AS of genes associated with EMT. Overall, our findings reveal a new paradigm of hypoxia-driven AS regulation of hMENA and insinuate important implications in therapeutics targeting EMT.
Managing Liquidity in Production Networks: The Role of Central Firms
Authors: Gao Janet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Firms in the US economy are closely interconnected in a production network and are subject to shocks that propagate within the network. This study examines the liquidity management of firms centrally connected in the network. I show that, while central firms are more exposed to aggregate swings, they maintain higher cash holdings to protect themselves and connected firms against such exposure. Central firms’ cash holding motives are alleviated by firm diversification but are aggravated by industry competition. Such motives are not explained by alternative determinants of cash policies. My findings suggest that systematically important firms proactively dampen the propagation of shocks in the production network.
Windowed multiscale synchrony: modeling time-varying and scale-localized interpersonal coordination dynamics
Authors: Likens Aaron D , Wiltshire Travis J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Social interactions are pervasive in human life with varying forms of interpersonal coordination emerging and spanning different modalities (e.g. behaviors, speech/language, and neurophysiology). However, during social interactions, as in any dynamical system, patterns of coordination form and dissipate at different scales. Historically, researchers have used aggregate measures to capture coordination over time. While those measures (e.g. mean relative phase, cross-correlation, coherence) have provided a wealth of information about coordination in social settings, some evidence suggests that multiscale coordination may change over the time course of a typical empirical observation. To address this gap, we demonstrate an underutilized method, windowed multiscale synchrony, that moves beyond quantifying aggregate measures of coordination by focusing on how the relative strength of coordination changes over time and the scales that comprise social interaction. This method involves using a wavelet transform to decompose time series into component frequencies (i.e. scales), preserving temporal information and then quantifying phase synchronization at each of these scales. We apply this method to both simulated and empirical interpersonal physiological and neuromechanical data. We anticipate that demonstrating this method will stimulate new insights on the mechanisms and functions of synchrony in interpersonal contexts using neurophysiological and behavioral measures.
Managing Meckel diverticulum
Authors: Yorkgitis Brian K. , Devecki Kalli 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The most common causes of small bowel obstruction are hernias and adhesive disease. Other causes include malignancy, inflammation, infection, and Meckel diverticulum with an omphalomesenteric ligament. This article describes a patient who presented to the ED with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. A CT scan revealed dilated loops of bowel with an adjacent air-filled structure, possibly related to an internal hernia. Meckel diverticulum was discovered on diagnostic laparoscopy and a mesodiverticular band was lysed; the diverticulum was left in situ. The patient did well without further invention needed.
NP program efforts promoting transition to rural practice
Authors: Kaplan Louise , Pollack Samantha W. , Skillman Susan M. , Patterson Davis G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
This article presents the results of a study that identifies, describes, and compares the approaches of rural-oriented NP education programs to facilitate the NP transition from education to practice in rural settings. Preparing NP students effectively during their education may be key to their success in rural practice.
Quantifying Radiation Exposure From Intraoperative Computed Tomography in Traditionally Safe Operating Room Zones
Authors: Ford Amy , Hughes Mitchell , Wojewnik Bartosz 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To quantify the amount of radiation exposure from a commercially available computed tomography surgical imaging system that occurs in areas of the operating room that are generally believed to be safe and to correlate these amounts with established safety recommendations.

Design:
Experimental in vitro study.

Setting:
Standard hospital operating room at a Level 1 trauma center.

Participants:
Radiation survey instruments at specified distances from an intraoperative computed tomography scanner. Represented positions were the location of the anesthesiologist (80 cm), the radiation technologist (180 cm), the substerile room (500 cm), the operating room door (600 cm), the next-room nursing station (960 cm), and the hallway (1000 cm).

Intervention:
Radiation survey instruments were systematically exposed by a protocol intended to imitate expected radiation scatter during operative room use.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Radiation exposure readings from radiation survey instruments.

Results:
The mean radiation exposure rates are reported. The mean exposure rate was highest at the anesthesiologist (2200 mrem/h), followed by the door (25.33 mrem/h), the technologist (21.0 mrem/h), the substerile room (8.2 mrem/h), the hallway (2.633 mrem/h), and then the next-room nursing station (1.557 mrem/h). The mean integrated doses per scan were 15.03 mrem for the anesthesiologist, 0.170 mrem for the technologist, 0.136 mrem at the door, 0.033 mrem in the substerile room, 0.014 mrem in the hallway, and 0.005 mrem at the next-door nursing station. The exposure was related both to distance from the machine and to orientation from the machine.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that although there is measurable radiation exposure outside of the operating room, the magnitude is low enough to be clinically insignificant. This study provides data that reinforce the need to wear a protective gear or leave the room during the use of intraoperative computed tomography but unsuspecting surrounding staff need not worry about uninformed exposure.
Pediatric Lower Limb Lengthening Using the PRECICE Nail: Our Experience With 50 Cases
Authors: Iliadis Alexios D. , Palloni Valentina , Wright Jonathan , Goodier David , Calder Peter 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Limb lengthening using intramedullary externally controlled motorized devices is becoming increasingly popular. There is limited literature regarding their use in the pediatric and adolescent population. This study reviews outcomes on 50 consecutive cases of intramedullary lower limb lengthening surgery in this population.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all pediatric and adolescent patients treated in our institution by intramedullary lengthening for lower limb length discrepancy using the PRECICE and STRYDE intramedullary lengthening nails between 2013 and 2019. All patients were operated by a single surgeon. Data were prospectively recorded. We report on nail accuracy and reliability, consolidation index, time to full weight-bearing from completion of lengthening, joint range of movement, ASAMI bone and functional scores, presence of problems, obstacles and complications, and patient reported outcome measures (PROMS).

Results:
Fifty cases (43 femoral and 7 tibial nails) were performed in 42 patients (20 males, 48% and 22 females, 52%). Six patients had bilateral lengthening and 2 patients had sequential lengthening. There were 28 antegrade femoral, 13 retrograde femoral and 5 tibia PRECICE nails, 2 tibial and 2 femoral PRECICE STRYDE nails. Mean age at surgery was 15 years old (12 to 17). Mean preoperative length discrepancy was 49 mm (20 to 90). Mean achieved lengthening was 46.5 mm (20 to 80). Mean percentage lengthening was 12.6% (5% to 25%). Nail accuracy was 96% and reliability 90%. Average distraction rate was 0.92 mm/d for femur and 0.64 mm/d for tibias. Consolidation index was 28 d/cm (18 to 43) and 39 d/cm (20 to 47), respectively. Time from completion of lengthening to independent full weight-bearing as observed in clinic was 45 days (21 to 70) and 34.2 days (23 to 50), respectively. ASAMI bone and functional scores were favorable and PROMS demonstrated high patient satisfaction levels. No significant complications were observed.

Conclusions:
We have demonstrated excellent clinical results and high patient satisfaction with intramedullary lengthening in a pediatric/adolescent population. We highly recommend thorough preoperative preparation, patient education, and a multidisciplinary approach.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Emerging immunotherapy targets in lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Hao-Hua , Feng Yu , Hu Xing-Sheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Immunotherapy has become the mainstay for lung cancer treatment, providing sustained therapeutic responses and improved prognosis compared with those obtained with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. It has the potential for anti-tumor treatment and killing tumor cells by activating human immunity and has moved the targets of anti-cancer therapy from malignant tumor cells to immune cell subsets. Two kinds of immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), are the main targets of current immunotherapy in lung cancer. Despite the successful outcomes achieved by immune checkpoint inhibitors, a small portion of lung cancer patients remain unresponsive to checkpoint immunotherapy or may ultimately become resistant to these agents as a result of the complex immune modulatory network in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is imperative to exploit novel immunotherapy targets to further expand the proportion of patients benefiting from immunotherapy. This review summarizes the molecular features, biological function, and clinical significance of several novel checkpoints that have important roles in lung cancer immune responses beyond the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 axes, including the markers of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory T lymphocyte pathways and inhibitory markers of macrophages and natural killer cells.
State-Level Numbers and Rates of Traumatic Brain Injury–Related Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations, and Deaths in 2014
Authors: Daugherty Jill , Thomas Karen , Waltzman Dana , Sarmiento Kelly 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
To provide state-level traumatic brain injury (TBI)–related emergency department (ED) visit, hospitalization, and death estimates for 2014.

Setting and Participants:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Core Violence and Injury Prevention Program and State Injury Indicators participating states.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Main Measures:
Number and incidence rates of TBI-related ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in more than 30 states.

Results:
The rates of TBI-related ED visits in 2014 ranged from 381.1 per 100 000 (South Dakota) to 998.4 per 100 000 (Massachusetts). In 2014, Pennsylvania had the highest TBI-related hospitalization rate (98.9) and Ohio had the lowest (55.1). In 2014, the TBI-related death rate ranged from 9.1 per 100 000 (New Jersey) to 23.0 per 100 000 (Oklahoma).

Conclusion:
The variations in TBI burden among states support the need for tailoring prevention efforts to state needs. Results of this analysis can serve as a baseline for these efforts.
Quantitative High-speed Assessment of Droplet and Aerosol From an Eye After Impact With an Air-puff Amid COVID-19 Scenario
Authors: Shetty Rohit , Balakrishnan Nikhil , Shroff Sujani , Shetty Naren , Kabi Prasenjit , Roy Durbar , Joseph Sophia M. , Khamar Pooja , Basu Saptarshi , Sinha Roy Abhijit 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To quantify aerosol and droplets generated during noncontact tonometry (NCT) and assess the spread distance of the same.

Methodology:
This was an experimental study on healthy human volunteers (n=8 eyes). In an experimental setup, NCT was performed on eyes (n=8) of human volunteers under normal settings, with a single and 2 drops of lubricant. High-speed shadowgraphy, frontal lighting technique, and fluorescein analysis were used to detect the possible generation of any droplets and aerosols. Mathematical computation of the spread of the droplets was then performed.

Results:
In a natural setting, there was no droplet or aerosol production. Minimal splatter along with droplet ejection was observed when 1 drop of lubricant was used before NCT. When 2 drops of lubricant were instilled, a significant amount of fluid ejection in the form of a sheet that broke up into multiple droplets was observed. Some of these droplets traversed back to the tonometer. Droplets ranging from 100 to 500 µm in diameter were measured.

Conclusions:
There was no droplet generation during NCT performed in a natural setting. However, NCT should be avoided in conditions with high-tear volume (natural or artificial) as it would lead to droplet spread and tactile contamination.
Single Cycle Versus Multiple Cycles of Canalith Repositioning Procedure for Treatment of Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Isaradisaikul Suwicha Kaewsiri , Chowsilpa Sanathorn , Hanprasertpong Charuk , Rithirangsriroj Tayaporn 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
To compare the treatment outcomes and complications of single cycle versus multiple cycles of the canalith repositioning procedure (CRP).

Study Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Academic tertiary referral center; Chiang Mai University, Thailand.

Patients:
One hundred and forty-three adults who had unilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Intervention:
Therapeutic. Patients received either a single cycle or multiple cycles of the CRP in one session.

Main Outcome Measures:
Rate of negative Dix-Hallpike test (DHT), rate of symptom improvement, dizziness handicap inventory score (DHI), and rate of complications.

Results:
At the 1st week and the 4th week recall visits after CRP the treatment outcomes between the single-CRP group and the multiple-CRP group showed no significant difference. The outcomes included: 1) rate of negative DHT (1st week: 76.9 and 76.7%, 4th week: 89.5 and 88.2%); 2) rate of complete recovery or improved symptoms (1st week: 92.3 and 91.7%; 4th week: 96.5 and 98.0%); 3) DHI scores (1st week: 22 and 28; 4th week: 6 and 10); and 4) complication rate (1st week: 12.5 and 20%; 4th week: 20 and 0%. Rate of complications in the single-CRP group (6.9%) during the 1st treatment was lower than in the multiple-CRP groups (21.1%) (p-value = 0.013).

Conclusion:
A single cycle of CRP is as effective as multiple cycle CRP, with a lower incidence of complication and a decrease in the time for treatment. Single-cycle CRP is a more advantageous treatment for unilateral posterior canal BPPV.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT02701218.
Psychotic, Mood, and Anxiety Disorders and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kowal Célia , Peyre Hugo , Amad Ali , Pelissolo Antoine , Leboyer Marion , Schürhoff Franck , Pignon Baptiste 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Several studies have shown that psychiatric disorders can be associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, that is, pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In this study, we provide a systematic review and meta-analyses of the studies addressing this issue.

Methods
All studies addressing the risk of VTE phenomena (whole VTE, PE, DVT, fatal VTE) in individuals with psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders published between 1998 and 2019 were reviewed and included in the meta-analyses. Main characteristics of the studies and data concerning VTE risk were extracted. The methodological qualities of the studies were also analyzed. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used. A meta-analysis was conducted separately for each disorder, as well as separately for unadjusted and adjusted studies. Meta-analyses were repeated considering only good-quality studies. Heterogeneity was assessed.

Results
Sixteen studies were reviewed and 15 included in the meta-analyses. Psychotic and bipolar disorders were significantly associated with VTE risk (VTE, DVT, PE, and fatal VTE for psychotic disorder: odds ratios [ORs] between 1.29 and 2.20; VTE, DVT, and PE for bipolar disorder: ORs between 1.22 and 2.14). Depression and anxiety disorders were associated with VTE risk only in adjusted analyses (DVT and PE for depression: ORs = 1.29; VTE and PE for anxiety disorders: ORs between 1.14 and 1.49).

Conclusions
The risk of VTE among individuals with psychiatric disorders may be explained by hypercoagulability and stasis, with both being related to, and independent of, treatment adverse effects. VTE risk should be taken into consideration in the treatment for people with psychiatric disorders.