bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection against SIV infection in macaques by immunization with inactivated virus from the BK28 molecular clone, but not with BK28‐derived recombinant env and gag proteins
Authors: Mills K.H.G. , Page M. , Chan W.L. , Kitchin P. , Stott E.J. , Taffs F. , Jones W. , Rose J. , Ling C. , Silvera P. , Corcoran T. , Flanagan B. , Burny A. , Bex F. , Delchambre M. , Van Opstal O. , Fabry L. , Thiriart C. , Delers A. , DeWilde M. , Bruck C. 
Published: August 2020

Mills KHG, Page M, Chan WL, Kitchin P, Stott EJ, Taffs F, Jones W, Rose J, Ling C, Silvera P, Corcoran T, Flanagan B, Burny A, Bex F, Delchambre M, Van Opstal O, Fabry L, Thiriart C, Delers A, DeWilde M, Bruck C. Protection against SIV infection in macaques by immunization with inactivated virus from the BK28 molecular clone, but not with BK28‐derived recombinant env and gag proteins. J Med Primatol 1992:21:50‐58.Vaccination of cynomolgus macaques with β‐propiolactone inactivated SIVmacBK28 in Freund's adjuvant induced low but detectable levels of anti‐SIV envelope (env) antibodies and T‐cell responses and protected against challenge with the 32H isolate of SIVmac251 grown in C8166 cells. In contrast, purified recombinant SIV env and gag proteins derived from BK28 formulated in Syntex adjuvant generated consistent and long‐lived cellular and humoral immune responses to SIV env, but failed to protect against infection with the 32H virus. Thus, protection against a heterogeneous challenge stock is possible by immunization with a molecularly‐cloned virus, but not with recombinant proteins from the same molecular origin. High levels of anti‐cell antibodies induced by the whole virus vaccine, but not by recombinant proteins, may have contributed to the protection observed.
Inpatient cardiac monitoring using a patch‐based mobile cardiac telemetry system during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Braunstein Eric D. , Reynbakh Olga , Krumerman Andrew , Di Biase Luigi , Ferrick Kevin J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a worldwide pandemic, and cardiovascular complications and arrhythmias in these patients are common. Cardiac monitoring is recommended for at risk patients; however, the availability of telemetry capable hospital beds is limited. We sought to evaluate a patch‐based mobile telemetry system for inpatient cardiac monitoring during the pandemic.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed of inpatients hospitalized during the pandemic who had mobile telemetry devices placed; patients were studied up until the time of discharge or death. The primary outcome was a composite of management changes based on data obtained from the system and detection of new arrhythmias. Other clinical outcomes and performance characteristics of the mobile telemetry system were studied.ResultsEighty‐two patients underwent mobile telemetry device placement, of which 31 (37.8%) met the primary outcome, which consisted of 24 (29.3%) with new arrhythmias detected and 18 (22.2%) with management changes. Twenty‐one patients (25.6%) died during the study, but none from primary arrhythmias. In analyses, age and heart failure were associated with the primary outcome. Monitoring occurred for an average of 5.3 ± 3.4 days, with 432 total patient‐days of monitoring performed; of these, QT‐interval measurements were feasible in 400 (92.6%).ConclusionA mobile telemetry system was successfully implemented for inpatient use during the COVID‐19 pandemic and was shown to be useful to inform patient management, detect occult arrhythmias, and monitor the QT‐interval. Patients with advanced age and structural heart disease may be more likely to benefit from this system.
Secukinumab efficacy in reducing the severity and the psychosocial impact of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis as assessed by the Simplified Psoriasis Index: results from the IPSI‐PSO study
Authors: Richard M.‐A. , Lacour J.‐P. , Konstantinou M.‐P. , Ruer‐Mulard M. , Joly P. , Aractingi S. , Auquier P. , Pelvet B. , Augustin M.L. , Mahé E. , Chalmers R.J.G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of the Simplified Psoriasis Index (SPI), a recently developed multidomain tool for assessing psoriasis, was investigated in a study assessing response to secukinumab.MethodsIn an open‐label, multicentre study involving 17 French centres, patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis received secukinumab 300 mg subcutaneously once weekly from baseline to W4, then every 4 weeks until W48. Dermatologist‐scored SPI psoriasis severity (proSPI‐s) was compared with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Patient self‐assessed severity (saSPI‐s) and psychosocial impact (SPI‐p) were compared with PASI and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), respectively.ResultsWe included 120 patients (69.2% male; mean age 45.9 years; mean duration of psoriasis 21.6 years). Mean baseline scores were as follows: proSPI‐s 24.9, saSPI‐s 23.5, PASI 23.1, SPI‐p 8.2 and DLQI 13.6. Severity scores achieved by 16 weeks (proSPI‐s 2.3, saSPI‐s 2.2 and PASI 2.2) were maintained to W52. Reductions in mean psychosocial impact scores were maintained to W52 (SPI‐p and DLQI, respectively, 2.1 and 1.5 at W16; 1.5 and 1.9 at W52).ConclusionsDecrease of PASI scores in response to secukinumab was closely correlated with proSPI‐s, supporting the latter's suitability for assessing response to therapy. Although the correlation between PASI and saSPI‐s was slightly weaker, patients were able to complete a valid assessment of their psoriasis independently, and thus potentially remotely. With the added benefit of psychosocial impact assessment (SPI‐p), SPI provides a valid tool enabling patients to assess their own psoriasis, remotely if necessary.
Hospitalization Risk Among Older Adults with Sensory Impairments: Development of a Prognostic Model
Authors: Deardorff William J. , Sloane Richard J. , Pavon Juliessa M. , Hastings Susan N. , Whitson Heather E. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVESTo develop a prognostic model for hospital admissions over a 1‐year period among community‐dwelling older adults with self‐reported hearing and/or vision impairments based on readily obtainable clinical predictors.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGMedicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 1999 to 2006.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries, aged 65 years and older, with self‐reported hearing and/or vision impairment (N = 15,999).MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was any hospital admission over a predefined 1‐year study period. Candidate predictors included demographic factors, prior healthcare utilization, comorbidities, functional impairment, and patient‐level factors. We analyzed the association of all candidate predictors with any hospital admission over the 1‐year study period using multivariable logistic regression. The final model was created using a penalized regression method known as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Model performance was assessed by discrimination (concordance statistic (c‐statistic)) and calibration (evaluated graphically). Internal validation was performed via bootstrapping, and results were adjusted for overoptimism.RESULTSOf the 15,999 participants, the mean age was 78 years and 55% were female. A total of 2,567 participants (16.0%) had at least one hospital admission in the 1‐year study period. The final model included seven variables independently associated with hospitalization: number of inpatient admissions in the previous year, number of emergency department visits in the previous year, activities of daily living difficulty score, poor self‐rated health, and self‐reported history of myocardial infarction, stroke, and nonskin cancer. The c‐statistic of the final model was 0.717. The optimism‐corrected c‐statistic after bootstrap internal validation was 0.716. A calibration plot suggested that the model tended to overestimate risk among patients at the highest risk for hospitalization.CONCLUSIONThis prognostic model can help identify which community‐dwelling older adults with sensory impairments are at highest risk for hospitalization and may inform allocation of healthcare resources.
Removal of dental amalgam restorations in patients with health complaints attributed to amalgam: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Björkman Lars , Musial Frauke , Alræk Terje , Werner Erik L. , Weidenhammer Wolfgang , Hamre Harald J. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services initiated a project including experimental treatment for patients with health complaints attributed to amalgam restorations.ObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate changes of general health complaints in patients who participated in the project and had all amalgam restorations removed.MethodsThe project was designed as a prospective cohort study and organised by the Dental Biomaterials Adverse Reaction Unit in Bergen, Norway. The dental treatment was provided by the patient's local dentist. The main target group consisted of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms, attributed to dental amalgam restorations (Amalgam cohort). The primary comparison group consisted of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms without attribution to dental amalgam restorations (MUPS cohort). Primary outcome was self‐reported general health complaints (GHC index) at follow‐up 12‐months after completed amalgam removal.ResultsIn the Amalgam cohort, a significant reduction of GHC index from 43.3 (SD 17.8) at baseline to 30.5 (SD 14.4) at follow‐up (mean reduction 12.8, SD 15.9; n = 32; P < .001) was observed. The change scores for GHC index indicated that the reduction of complaints was significantly higher (P = .004) in the Amalgam cohort compared with the MUPS cohort (mean reduction 1.2, SD 12.3, n = 28). After adjustment for age, gender, education and baseline GHC index, the mean adjusted difference was −8.0 (95% confidence interval from −15.4 to −0.5; P = .036).ConclusionIn a group of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms, which they attributed to dental amalgam restorations, removal of amalgam restorations was followed by a significant reduction of health complaints.
Influences of appearance characteristics on consumer acceptance and perception of “gu‐soo” in fermented soybean paste (doenjang)
Authors: Jo Yongwoo , Kim Mina K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDoenjang is a traditional Korean soybean‐based fermented food. Previous research indicates that appearance‐related characteristics, such as color, number of beans, and bean‐to‐paste ratio, and moisture content, influence consumers' perceptions of traditional doenjang. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of appearance characteristics on consumer preference and gu‐soo perception of doenjang. Four commercially available doenjang products from the same brand were selected, and appearance‐related characteristics including color, the number of soybeans in a paste, and electronic eye color measurements were measured. Descriptive sensory analysis using a highly trained panel (n = 5) was conducted, followed by consumer acceptance testing (n = 76). Samples highly liked by consumers had strong sweet taste, and least like doenjang had darker color and greater numbers of beans in a paste. However, doenjang samples that were highly liked by consumers are not necessarily the samples perceived as gu‐soo by consumers. While manufacturers' use of gu‐soo to describe the sensory characteristics of doenjang is a common practice, this study reveals a disparity between consumers' perceptions of gu‐soo and the manufacturer's advertising of gu‐soo. This study reports divergence between the results for overall liking of doenjang and consumers' perception of the product being considered gu‐soo.Practical ApplicationsThe term “gu‐soo” is widely used in Korea to describe the flavor characteristics of doenjang. This study focuses on factors affecting consumer acceptance and gu‐soo perceptions of doenjang, revealing that the appeal of doenjang to the consumer does not necessarily align with consumers' perception of doenjang being gu‐soo. The divergent sensory directions of consumer acceptance and doenjang being perceived as gu‐soo suggest a potential change in direction in marketing doenjang in Korea.
Parasitism induces negative effects of physiological integration in a clonal plant
Authors: Gao Fang‐Lei , Alpert Peter , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Clonal integration often increases fitness of clonal plants, but it may decrease it when some but not all connected plants (ramets) within a clone are parasitized.

This hypothesis was synthesized in a conceptual model and tested by growing pairs of connected ramets of two congeneric clonal plants, Sphagneticola trilobata and Sphagneticola calendulacea, with and without parasitizing one ramet with Cuscuta australis and with and without severing the connection (allowing or preventing integration).

Consistent with the model, integration in S. calendulacea did not affect biomass of the parasitized ramet, decreased biomass of its connected, unparasitized ramet by 60% and of the clone by 40%, and increased biomass of the parasite by 50%. By contrast, integration in S. trilobata did not affect biomass of the clone or the parasite. The parasite increased export of nitrogen‐15 from the connected, unparasitized ramet seven‐fold in S. calendulacea but did not affect export in S. trilobata.

Parasitism can cause clonal integration to negatively affect fitness in clonal plants because parasites can import resources from connected, unparasitized ramets, possibly partly through signaling. This is the first experimental demonstration that clonal integration can decrease fitness in plants induced by parasitism and may help explain community‐level effects of parasites.
A molar pregnancy in an embryo donor cow
Authors: Linhares Boakari Yatta , Cofield Lawerence , Waqas Salman , Stockler Jenna , Pope Jenny , Waters Katelyn , Gard Julie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 6‐year‐old Hereford embryo donor cow was referred to Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine for a mass in the tip of her left uterine horn. The cow had recently undergone an embryo collection which yielded unfertilized, degenerated ova. Transrectal palpation and ultrasound revealed a multi‐locular mass enveloped by two separate compartments that resembled an amniotic and allantoic cavity within the uterus. Tissue was collected via a uterine flush and submitted for histopathology. The tissue was determined to be placenta, confirming the diagnosis of a molar pregnancy. Following treatment, the cow was able to produce numerous viable embryos. Molar pregnancies are rare and characterized by abnormal growth of trophoblastic cells leading to formation of intrauterine cystic masses. It is important to routinely perform an ultrasonographic examination of the cow's reproductive tract approximately 30 days following non‐surgical in vivo embryo collections to detect and treat unwanted conditions such as pregnancy and cystic conditions.
New era of therapy for endocrine autoimmune disorders
Authors: Oftedal Bergithe E. , Wolff Anette S. B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe new era of immune and reconstitution therapy of autoimmune disorders is ongoing. However, endocrine autoimmune diseases comprise a group of elaborating pathologies where the development of new treatment strategies remains slow. Substitution of the missing hormones is still standard practice, taking care of the devastating symptoms but not the cause of disease. As our knowledge of the genetic contribution to the aetiology of endocrine disorders increases and early diagnostic tools are available, it is now possible to identify persons at risk before they acquire full‐blown disease. This review summarizes current knowledge and treatment of endocrine autoimmune disorders, focusing on type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease, autoimmune thyroid diseases and primary ovarian insufficiency. We explore which new therapies might be used in the different stages of the disease, focus on legalized therapy and elaborate on the ongoing clinical studies for these diseases and the research front, before hypothesizing on the way ahead.
The equine diaphragm: A novel technique for repeatable ultrasound measurement
Authors: Fitzharris Laura E. , Meehan Lucinda J. , Hezzell Melanie J. , Allen Kate J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe diaphragm is an important respiratory muscle, playing a key role during exercise. In humans, diaphragm thickness increases in response to training and is correlated with inspiratory strength. In order to assess respiratory strength in the horse, new evaluation techniques are required and measurement of diaphragm thickness, in a non‐invasive and repeatable manner, is a possible approach. The purposes of this four‐part, prospective, pilot study were to develop and describe a repeatable method to measure the diaphragm thickness, using ultrasonography, in Thoroughbred racehorses. A standardized technique was developed whereby the ultrasound transducer was positioned 1 cm below a line between the cranioventral aspect of the tuber coxae and olecranon. The diaphragm thickness was measured on three occasions 1 week apart, by a single observer to determine the intraobserver repeatability, and by a second observer on one occasion to assess interobserver reproducibility. The diaphragm was observed in all intercostal spaces (ICS) from 7 to 17 on the left side, and 6 to 17 on the right side in a single horse. The thickest measurement (1.42 cm), obtained from 11 horses, was at ICS 11 on the left‐side during inspiration. The narrowest measurement (0.56 cm) was obtained at ICS 16 on the right‐side during expiration. There was no significant difference between the measurements obtained by a single observer on three occasions (P < .05). This is the first study to provide a detailed description of ultrasonographic imaging and measurement of the equine diaphragm. The novel technique developed to position the ultrasound transducer in a standardized location allowed examination and measurement of the diaphragm with good repeatability.
Can we eradicate trachoma? A survey of stakeholders
Authors: Oldenburg Catherine E , Aragie Solomon , Amza Abdou , Solomon Anthony W , Brogdon Jessica , Arnold Benjamin F , Keenan Jeremy D , Lietman Thomas M 
Published: August 2020

Background/AimsAlthough tremendous progress towards the 2020 goal of global elimination of trachoma as a public health problem has been made, it will not be achieved. Future targets are now being considered. One option is changing the goal to eradication. We surveyed trachoma experts to assess beliefs related to trachoma eradication and determine perceived obstacles to achieving it.MethodsWe conducted a survey at the beginning of a trachoma eradication session at the 2019 Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases meeting in National Harbor, Maryland, USA. We asked respondents what the most important goal of azithromycin mass drug administration was for trachoma (control, elimination of infection or eradication) and if and when they believed trachoma eradication would occur. We then asked what the biggest obstacles were to global eradication.ResultsFifty-six surveys were returned (95%). Most (91%) participants reported that the most important goal of azithromycin mass drug administration was control or elimination of infection, and 24% of participants reported that global eradication was not possible. Of the 76% who reported a year by which they believed trachoma could be eradicated, most fell between 2040 and 2050. Commonly cited barriers to global eradication included lack of surveillance tools to confirm eradication or monitor for infection recrudescence (32%) and lack of resources (23%).ConclusionsDevelopment of alternative indicators for trachoma surveillance and continued investment in trachoma programmes, particularly focused support in the most heavily affected populations, might increase enthusiasm for the feasibility of eradication.
Serum levels of mac-2 binding protein are associated with diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Hamaguchi Masahide , Kaji Ayumi , Sakai Ryosuke , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is reportedly associated with type 2 diabetes and progressive liver fibrosis, as evaluated by transient elastography, and has been linked with micro- and macroangiopathy in people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between serum mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels and diabetic complications in people with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsSerum M2BPGi levels were measured in terms of cut-off index (C.O.I.) units. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was calculated and nephropathy was graded as normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, or macroalbuminuria. Retinopathy was divided into three groups: no-diabetic retinopathy (NoDR), non-proliferative-diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), or proliferative-diabetic retinopathy (PDR) .ResultsThe mean age for the 363 studied subjects (212 males) was 66.4±10.6 years, the median serum M2BPGi level was 0.77 (0.57–1.04) C.O.I., and the median UAE was 22 (9–82.1) mg/g creatinine. M2BPGi levels in microalbuminuria (0.83 (0.61 to 1.18) C.O.I.) and macroalbuminuria (0.88 (0.67 to 1.22) C.O.I.) cases were higher than those in normoalbuminuria cases (0.71 (0.54 to 0.92) C.O.I.). M2BPGi levels in NPDR (0.93 (0.68 to 1.28) C.O.I.) and PDR (0.95 (0.71 to 1.31) C.O.I.) cases were higher than in cases with NoDR (0.73 (0.56 to 0.99) C.O.I.). Furthermore, M2BPGi levels in subjects with a history of cardiovascular diseases were higher than in those with no such history (0.82 (0.65 to 1.22) vs 0.76 (0.55 to 1.03) C.O.I., p=0.019). The logarithm of (M2BPGi+1) was associated with the logarithm of UAE values after adjusting for covariates (standardized β=0.107, p=0.031).ConclusionsThis study reveals a close association between serum M2BPGi levels and diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy in people with type 2 diabetes. The results also show that liver fibrosis, evaluated by M2BPGi, is independently associated with an increased risk of albuminuria.