bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations to the Society for Epidemiologic Research for Further Promoting Diversity and Inclusion at the Annual Meeting and Beyond
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Jarrett Brooke A , Althoff Keri N , Burman Frances S , Camarata Laura , Coburn Sally B , Dickerson Aisha S , Foti Kathryn , Kaur Maneet , Leifheit Kathryn M , Malone Jowanna , Moore Ebony A , Mouslim Morgane C , Prata Menezes Neia , Robsky Katherine , Tang Olive , Wallace Amelia S , Dean Lorraine T ,   for the Epi IDEAS Working Group
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing diverse engagement in the Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) will positively impact the field of epidemiology. As the largest and longest-running epidemiologic society in North America, SER has long been a pioneer in promoting diversity and inclusion. A recent survey of SER members, however, showed there is still room for improving diversity, inclusion, representation, and participation in the Society. In this commentary, as members of both the SER and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology’s Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, Anti-Racism, and Science (Epi IDEAS) Working Group, we recommend 4 goals for the SER Annual Meeting and beyond: 1) convene epidemiologic researchers with diverse backgrounds and ideas; 2) promote an inclusive environment at the SER Annual Meeting; 3) develop, compile, and disseminate best practices to honor diversity in epidemiologic research; and 4) increase prioritization of health disparities research and methods. We also suggest strategies for achieving these goals so that SER can better include, support, and elevate members from historically disadvantaged groups. While our recommendations are tailored specifically to SER, the greater epidemiologic and academic communities could benefit from adopting these goals and strategies within their professional societies and conferences.
Alcohol Use Among Mental Health Professionals in China: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Tao Rui , Jiang Feng , Min Kaiyuan , Liu Tingfang , Liu Yuanli , Xia Lei , Wang Juan , Liu Huanzhong , Tang Yi-lang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aim
To survey the use of alcohol, and its correlates by mental health professions in China, a nation where there is rapid increase in alcohol consumption and problems.

Methods
As a part of a large-scale, nation-wide online survey of healthcare professionals, we collected demographic variables and other health-related variables anonymously. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C) was used to collect data on alcohol use.

Results
13,980 mental health professionals completed the survey (4382 doctors, 9339 nurses and 259 clinical psychologists), representing 64% of the total targeted. Respondents were predominantly female (75.1%). Alcohol consumption was reported by 41.8% of participants (by 53.9% of doctors, 36.2% of nurses and 40.5% of clinical psychologists). Based on the cut-off scores of the AUDIT-C (≥3 for women and ≥4 for men), 7.5% were classified as probable alcohol misusers in the past year, and the rates were 10.2% in doctors, 6.3% in nurses and 5.8% in clinical psychologists. Multiple logistic regression showed that male sex (OR = 3.772; CI = 3.206–4.439), being a doctor (OR = 1.259; CI = 1.052–1.506), being divorced or widowed (OR = 1.979; CI = 1.467–2.666), having an associate degree or less (OR = 1.809; CI = 1.040–3.147), working in Northeast China (OR = 1.538; CI = 1.281–1.848) and the habit of smoking (OR = 3.345; CI = 2.280–3.967) were significantly associated with alcohol misuse.

Conclusions
Alcohol use and misuse were relatively common among mental health professionals in China, and male sex, being a doctor, with lower education, working in Northeast China and cigarette smoking were significant associations. Awareness and interventions are recommended to promote healthier use of alcohol in this professional group, especially among risk subgroups.
Has agricultural intensification impacted maize root traits and rhizosphere interactions related to organic N acquisition?
Authors: Schmidt Jennifer E , Poret-Peterson Amisha , Lowry Carolyn J , Gaudin Amélie C M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere influence rates of organic matter mineralization and nutrient cycling that are critical to sustainable agricultural productivity. Agricultural intensification, particularly the introduction of synthetic fertilizer in the USA, altered the abundance and dominant forms of nitrogen (N), a critical plant nutrient, potentially imposing selection pressure on plant traits and plant–microbe interactions regulating N cycling and acquisition. We hypothesized that maize adaptation to synthetic N fertilization altered root functional traits and rhizosphere microbial nutrient cycling, reducing maize ability to acquire N from organic sources. Six maize genotypes released pre-fertilizer (1936, 1939, 1942) or post-fertilizer (1984, 1994, 2015) were grown in rhizoboxes containing patches of 15N-labelled clover/vetch residue. Multivariate approaches did not identify architectural traits that strongly and consistently predicted rhizosphere processes, though metrics of root morphological plasticity were linked to carbon- and N-cycling enzyme activities. Root traits, potential activities of extracellular enzymes (BG, LAP, NAG, urease), abundances of N-cycling genes (amoA, narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ) and uptake of organic N did not differ between eras of release despite substantial variation among genotypes and replicates. Thus, agricultural intensification does not appear to have impaired N cycling and acquisition from organic sources by modern maize and its rhizobiome. Improved mechanistic understanding of rhizosphere processes and their response to selective pressures will contribute greatly to rhizosphere engineering for sustainable agriculture.
Polyandry and paternity affect disease resistance in eusocial wasps
Authors: Saga Tatsuya , Okuno Masaki , Loope Kevin J , Tsuchida Koji , Ohbayashi Kako , Shimada Masakazu , Okada Yasukazu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyandry (multiple mating by females) is a central challenge for understanding the evolution of eusociality. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain its observed benefits in eusocial Hymenoptera, one of which, the parasite–pathogen hypothesis (PPH), posits that high genotypic variance among workers for disease resistance prevents catastrophic colony collapse. We tested the PPH in the polyandrous wasp Vespula shidai. We infected isolated workers with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and quantified their survival in the laboratory. Additionally, we conducted a paternity analysis of the workers using nine microsatellite loci to investigate the relationship between survival and the matriline and patriline membership of the workers. As predicted by the PPH, nestmate workers of different patrilines showed differential resistance to B. bassiana. We also demonstrated variation in virulence among strains of B. bassiana. Our results are the first to directly support the PPH in eusocial wasps and suggest that similar evolutionary pressures drove the convergent origin and maintenance of polyandry in ants, bees, and wasps.
Contrasting parental color morphs increase regularity of prey deliveries in an African raptor
Authors: Nebel Carina , Sumasgutner Petra , McPherson Shane C , Tate Gareth J , Amar Arjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDisassortative mating in color-polymorphic raptors is a proposed mechanism for the maintenance of color polymorphism in populations. Selection for such a mating system may occur if there are fitness advantages of mating with a contrasting morph. In the black sparrowhawk (Accipiter melanoleucus), mixed-morph pairs may have a selective advantage because they produce offspring that have higher survival rates. Two hypotheses, which may explain the mechanism, are the “avoidance-image” and “complementarity” hypotheses. The first suggests that, within a predator’s territory, prey develop a search image for the more commonly encountered parental morph, for example, the male morph during incubation and brooding. Females of a contrasting morph to their partner would then have higher capture rates once they commence hunting in the later nestling phase. Thus, the “avoidance-image” hypothesis predicts higher provisioning rates for mixed-morph pairs. Alternatively, the “complementarity” hypothesis posits that different color morphs exploit different environmental conditions, allowing mixed-morph pairs to hunt under a wider range of conditions and predicts that food is delivered more consistently. We test these hypotheses using nest cameras to record prey delivery rates during the late nestling phase when both parents are hunting. We found support for the “complementarity” hypothesis, with mixed-morph pairs delivering food more consistently but not at a higher rate. This higher consistency in prey deliveries may explain the improved survival of the offspring of mixed-morph pairs and could, therefore, play a role in maintaining the stability of color polymorphism in this system.
An effect size statistical framework for investigating sexual dimorphism in non-avian dinosaurs and other extinct taxa
Authors: Saitta Evan T , Stockdale Maximilian T , Longrich Nicholas R , Bonhomme Vincent , Benton Michael J , Cuthill Innes C , Makovicky Peter J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite reports of sexual dimorphism in extinct taxa, such claims in non-avian dinosaurs have been rare over the last decade and have often been criticized. Since dimorphism is widespread in sexually reproducing organisms today, under-reporting in the literature might suggest either methodological shortcomings or that this diverse group exhibited highly unusual reproductive biology. Univariate significance testing, especially for bimodality, is ineffective and prone to false negatives. Species recognition and mutual sexual selection hypotheses, therefore, may not be required to explain supposed absence of sexual dimorphism across the grade (a type II error). Instead, multiple lines of evidence support sexual selection and variation of structures consistent with secondary sexual characteristics, strongly suggesting sexual dimorphism in non-avian dinosaurs. We propose a framework for studying sexual dimorphism in fossils, focusing on likely secondary sexual traits and testing against all alternate hypotheses for variation in them using multiple lines of evidence. We use effect size statistics appropriate for low sample sizes, rather than significance testing, to analyse potential divergence of growth curves in traits and constrain estimates for dimorphism magnitude. In many cases, estimates of sexual variation can be reasonably accurate, and further developments in methods to improve sex assignments and account for intrasexual variation (e.g. mixture modelling) will improve accuracy. It is better to compare estimates for the magnitude of and support for dimorphism between datasets than to dichotomously reject or fail to reject monomorphism in a single species, enabling the study of sexual selection across phylogenies and time. We defend our approach with simulated and empirical data, including dinosaur data, showing that even simple approaches can yield fairly accurate estimates of sexual variation in many cases, allowing for comparison of species with high and low support for sexual variation.
Towards a new understanding of the division of labour in heterantherous flowers: the case ofPterolepis glomerata(Melastomataceae)
Authors: Telles Francismeire Jane , Klunk Cristian Luan , Maia Fabiano Rodrigo da , de Brito Vinícius Lourenço Garcia , Varassin Isabela Galarda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPollen-flowers with heteromorphic stamens have been shown to promote an intrafloral division of labour as a solution to fitness costs arising from pollen consumption by bees, known as the pollen dilemma. Usually, the division is based on morphological differences in anther and pollen traits that correlate with stamen function: pollinating anthers are larger and contain more and higher-quality pollen grains than feeding anthers. Here, we present a new strategy based on a high investment in reward production and thus attraction, in the heterantherous Pterolepis glomerata, to overcome short flower longevity and maintain reproductive success. In P. glomerata small feeding anthers not only produced more pollen grains and more grains with cytoplasmic content, but also released more pollen than pollinating anthers after a single visit. This pattern was consistent until the end of floral anthesis, showing the existence of pollen-dosing mechanisms. Bees equally visited flowers with yellow feeding anthers and pollinating anthers with yellow connective appendages, indicating a visual similarity, as predicted by bee vision modelling. Our results demonstrate that the division of labour might have different outcomes. Instead of the classical expectation of more investment in reproductive pollen in pollinating stamens, P. glomerata invested more in attraction and reward in feeding stamens.
Identification and Validation of a Novel Clinical Signature to Predict the Prognosis in Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Wu Shangrong , Du Zhiguo , Shen Sanying , Zhang Bo , Yang Hong , Li Xia , Cui Wei , Cheng Fangxiong , Huang Jin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Our aim in this study was to identify a prognostic biomarker to predict the disease prognosis and reduce the mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caused a worldwide pandemic.

Methods
COVID-19 patients were randomly divided into training and test groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify the disease prognosis signature, which was selected to establish a risk model in the training group. The disease prognosis signature of COVID-19 was validated in the test group.

Results
The signature of COVID-19 was combined with the following 5 indicators: neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, procalcitonin, age, and C-reactive protein. The signature stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly relevant disease prognosis (log-rank test, P &lt; .001) in the training group. The survival analysis indicated that the high-risk group displayed substantially lower survival probability than the low-risk group (log-rank test, P &lt; .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the signature of COVID-19 displayed the highest predictive accuracy regarding disease prognosis, which was 0.955 in the training group and 0.945 in the test group. The ROC analysis of both groups demonstrated that the predictive ability of the signature surpassed the use of each of the 5 indicators alone.

Conclusions
The signature of COVID-19 presents a novel predictor and prognostic biomarker for closely monitoring patients and providing timely treatment for those who are severely or critically ill.
Climate change, the politics of anticipation and future riskscapes in Africa
Authors: Müller-Mahn Detlef , Moure Mar , Gebreyes Million 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe authors review two conceptual frameworks of risk management and apply them to the context of climate change in Africa, based on case studies in Côte d′Ivoire and Ethiopia. Politics of anticipation refers to a type of policy-making that uses scientific forecasts to manage future risks. Riskscapes, by contrast, are temporalspatial phenomena, which highlight perception, discourse and practice in relation to multiple risks and uncertainties. In view of the heterogeneity of the African continent, the article cautions against an uncritical use of anticipatory politics and argues for expanding the understanding of complex riskscapes in relation to the future.
Neutrophilic HGF-MET Signalling Exacerbates Intestinal Inflammation
Authors: Stakenborg Michelle , Verstockt Bram , Meroni Elisa , Goverse Gera , De Simone Veronica , Verstockt Sare , Di Matteo Mario , Czarnewski Paulo , Villablanca Eduardo J , Ferrante Marc , Boeckxstaens Guy E , Mazzone Massimiliano , Vermeire Séverine , Matteoli Gianluca 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Ulcerative colitis [UC] is associated with excessive neutrophil infiltration and collateral tissue damage, but the link is not yet completely understood. Since c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase [MET] is required for neutrophil chemoattraction and cytotoxicity in response to its ligand hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], we aimed to identify the function of HGF-MET signalling in neutrophils in UC patients and in mice during intestinal inflammation.

Methods
Serum and colonic biopsies from healthy controls and UC patients with active [Mayo endoscopic subscore 2–3] and inactive [Mayo endoscopic subscore 0–1] disease were collected to assess the level of serum and colonic HGF. Disease progression and immune cell infiltration were assessed during dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] colitis in wild-type and MRP8-Cre MET-LoxP mice.

Results
Increased mucosal HGF expression was detected in patients with active UC, and in mice during the inflammatory phase of DSS colitis. Similarly, serum HGF was significantly increased in active UC patients and positively correlated with C-reactive protein and blood neutrophil counts. Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated an upregulation of colonic MET+ neutrophils during DSS colitis. Genetic ablation of MET in neutrophils reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis. Concomitantly, there was a decreased number of TH17 cells, which could be due to a decreased production of IL-1β by MET-deficient neutrophils.

Conclusions
These data highlight the central role of neutrophilic HGF-MET signalling in exacerbating damage during intestinal inflammation. Hence, selective blockade of this pathway in neutrophils could be considered as a novel therapeutic approach in UC.
Stopping Clinical Trials in Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Not a Responsible Act
Authors: Schreiber Stefan , Dignass Axel , Rogge Annette , Rubin David T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The intense competition for resources to combat COVID-19 has greatly reduced access to health care for patients with other diseases. After the disastrous overrun of hospitals through COVID-19 patients in some jurisdictions, availability of resources for ‘elective’ medical procedures, including care for the chronically ill, has been greatly reduced in many places as a pre-emptive measure before or during the blooming of infection clusters. Pharmaceutical companies have either stopped recruitment or even cancelled ongoing clinical trials in chronic diseases. Pre-emptive triage and its impact on medical ethics is discussed in the framework of care for inflammatory bowel disease.
The scars of religious war in histories of French cities (1600–1750)
Authors: Diefendorf Barbara B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article explores the memory of France’s Wars of Religion in urban histories published during the century and a half that followed the restoration of peace with the Edict of Nantes in 1598. It asks why, despite explicit prohibitions against reviving memories of injuries suffered during the wars, local historians persisted in demonizing former opponents in histories that remained overtly confessional in their representation of the troubles. The article focuses on Catholic authors, who wrote fifty-six of the fifty-eight works examined. Protestants had little incentive to memorialize the towns in which they had a limited and declining position. Catholics, by contrast, mobilized memory to reaffirm a local identity rooted in Catholic practice and belief. Retelling the suffering local populations endured and recounting the city’s ritual responses to the religious schism, they pushed Protestants to the margins of a civic culture represented as inherently Catholic even in a bi-confessional state.
Cognitive Functions Predict Trajectories of Sleepiness Over 10 Years: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Cohen Ann D , Jia Yichen , Smagula Stephen , Chang Chung-Chou H , Snitz Beth , Berman Sarah B , Jacobsen Erin , Ganguli Mary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with chronic disorders of aging and mortality. Because longitudinal data are limited on the development of sleep disturbances and cognitive changes in older adults, we investigated the demographic, clinical, and cognitive predictors of self-reported daytime sleepiness over a period of 10 years.

Methods
We jointly modeled latent trajectories over time of sleepiness, cognitive domains, and informative attrition and then fit models to identify cognitive trajectories and baseline characteristics that predicted the trajectories of sleepiness.

Results
Three latent trajectory groups were identified: emerging sleepiness, persistent sleepiness, and consistently low daytime sleepiness accounting for attrition in all groups. Compared with low sleepiness, emerging sleepiness was significantly associated with declining attention and subjective memory complaints; persistent sleepiness was associated with lower baseline scores in all cognitive domains, declining language trajectory, and more subjective memory complaints.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that persistent sleepiness and emerging daytime sleepiness are associated with cognitive decline and multiple morbidities, albeit more subtly in emerging daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, these data suggest that change in the cognitive domain of attention and subjective memory complaints may be early indicators of future sleep disturbance.
Impact of Reactogenicity After Two Doses of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Upon Physical Functioning and Quality of Life: An Open Phase III Trial in Older Adults
Authors: Schmader Kenneth E , Levin Myron J , Chen Michael , Matthews Sean , Riley Megan E , Woo Wayne , Hervé Caroline , Grupping Katrijn , Schuind Anne E , Oostvogels Lidia , Curran Desmond 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Herpes zoster may significantly impact quality of life (QoL) in older adults. The recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is efficacious in adults aged ≥50 and older and is associated with increased reactogenicity compared to placebo. We report here on the impact of reactogenicity of the second RZV dose on the QoL and physical functioning (PF) of vaccine recipients, and summarize findings following both doses.

Method
In this single-arm study, 401 adults aged ≥50 and older were enrolled to receive two RZV doses 2 months apart. Change in mean Short Form Survey-36 (SF-36) PF and EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) scores, reactogenicity, safety, productivity loss, and healthcare resource utilization were evaluated.

Results
In total, 391 (97.5%) participants received dose 2. Post-dose 2, the most common solicited local symptoms were injection site pain (75.1%), erythema (22.4%), and swelling (13.9%), and the most common systemic symptoms were fatigue (46.3%), headache (37.5%), and myalgia (32.9%). Grade 3 solicited (local and systemic) adverse events were reported by 61 (15.6%) participants and were associated with a transient clinically significant decrease in SF-36 PF score on Days 1–2 post-dose 2 that recovered by Day 3. Overall, no clinically important reduction in mean SF-36 PF scores was observed from baseline to post-dose 2 (mean change −0.4), and no quality-adjusted-life-year loss was recorded.

Conclusions
Overall, QoL and PF of RZV vaccinees were not affected by vaccine-related reactogenicity. A transient reduction was observed in the first 2 days after RZV vaccination in individuals with Grade 3 adverse events. No safety concerns were identified.