bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximally Localized Dynamical Quantum Embedding for Solving Many-Body Correlated Systems
Authors: Lupo Carla , Tze Wai Hei Terence , Jamet Francois , Rungger Ivan , Weber Cedric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a quantum embedding methodology to resolve the Anderson impurity model in the context of dynamical mean-field theory, based on an extended exact diagonalization method. Our method provides a maximally localized quantum impurity model, where the non-local components of the correlation potential remain minimal. This comes at a large benefit, as the environment used in the quantum embedding approach is described by propagating correlated electrons and hence offers an exponentially increasing number of degrees of freedom for the embedding mapping, in contrast to traditional free-electron representation where the scaling is linear. We report that quantum impurity models with as few as 3 bath sites can reproduce both the Mott transition and the Kondo physics, thus opening a more accessible route to the description of time-dependent phenomena. Finally, we obtain excellent agreement for dynamical magnetic susceptibilities, poising this approach as a candidate to describe 2-particle excitations such as excitons in correlated systems. We expect that our approach will be highly beneficial for the implementation of embedding algorithms on quantum computers, as it allows for a fine description of the correlation in materials with a reduced number of required qubits.
Benfotiamine Ameliorates High Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Megalobrama Amblycephala
Authors: Xu Chao , Liu Wen-Bin , Shi Hua-Juan , Li Xiang-Fei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The impairment of immunity induced by high-carbohydrate diet is closely associated with the development of glucose metabolic disorders. In the study of diabetes, benfotiamine can prevent β-cell dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation, thereby improving insulin resistance. However, information regarding the effects of this substance on aquatic animals is extremely scarce.Methods: A 12-week nutritional research was conducted to evaluate the influences of benfotiamine on the growth performance, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in Megalobrama amblycephala (45.25 ± 0.34 g) fed high-carbohydrate (HC) diets. Six experimental diets were formulated, containing a control diet (30% carbohydrate, C), a HC diet (43% carbohydrate), and the HC diet supplemented with four graded benfotiamine levels (0.7125 (HCB1), 1.425 (HCB2), 2.85 (HCB3), and 5.7 (HCB4) mg/kg).Results: HC diet intake remarkably decreased daily growth coefficient (DGC), growth rate per metabolic body weight (GRMBW), feed intake (FI), liver antioxidant enzymes activities, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protein expression as well as liver mRNA levels of SIRT1, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase (CAT), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), interleukin10 (IL10) than those of the control group, but the opposite was true for plasma activities of alanine transaminase (AST) and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), and contents of interleukin 1β (IL1β) and interleukin 6 (IL6), liver contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and mRNA levels of kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF α), IL1β, IL6, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and P53. As with benfotiamine supplementation, HCB2 diet remarkably increased DGC, GRMBW, liver antioxidant enzymes activities, SIRT1 protein expression as well as liver mRNA levels of SIRT1, Nrf2, CAT, Mn-SOD, IL10 and Bcl2, while the opposite was true for plasma activities of AST and ALT, and contents of IL1β and IL6, liver MDA contents as well as mRNA levels of Keap1, NF-κB, TNF α, IL1β, IL6, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and P53.Conclusion: Benfotiamine at 1.425 mg/kg can improve the growth performance and alleviate the oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of M. amblycephala fed HC diets through the activation of the SIRT1 pathway.
Low Incidence of Venous Thrombosis But High Incidence of Arterial Thrombotic Complications Among Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in Singapore
Authors: Tan Chuen Wen , Fan Bingwen Eugene , Teo Winnie Z.Y. , Tung Moon Ley , Shafi Humaira , Christopher Dheepa , Zheng Shuwei , Peh Wee Ming , Chan Stephrene Seok Wei , Chong Vanessa Cui Lian , Gallardo Christian Aledia , Chang Cheng Chieh Ray , Ling Li Min , Tan Jing Yuan , Lee Ken Cheah Hooi , Phua Ghee Chee , Cherng Benjamin Pei Zhi , Low Jenny Guek Hong , Ho Vui Kian , Prasad Vishnu , Wong Lester Jung Long , Lim Cheryl Xiu Qi , Chee Yen Lin , Ong Kiat Hoe , Lee Lai Heng , Ng Heng Joo , Yap Eng Soo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Arterial and venous thrombosis are reported to be common in critically ill COVID-19 patients.Method and Results: This is a national multicenter retrospective observational study involving all consecutive adult COVID-19 patients who required intensive care units (ICU) admission between 23 January 2020 and 30 April 2020 in Singapore. 111 patients were included and the venous and arterial thrombotic rates in ICU were 1.8% (n=2) and 9.9% (n=11), respectively. Major bleeding rate was 14.8% (n=16). Conclusions: Critically ill COVID-19 patients in Singapore have lower venous thromboembolism but higher arterial thrombosis rates and bleeding manifestations than other reported cohorts.
Progranulin Induces Immune Escape in Breast Cancer Via Up-Regulating PD-L1 Expression on TAMS and Promoting CD8+T cell Exclusion
Authors: Fang Wenli , Zhou Ting , Shi He , Yao Mengli , Zhang Dian , Qian Husun , Zeng Qian , Wang Yange , Jin Fangfang , Chai Chengsen , Chen Tingmei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Progranulin (PGRN), as a multifunctional growth factor, is overexpressed in multiple tumors, but the role of PGRN on tumor immunity is still unclear. Here, we studied the effect of PGRN on breast cancer tumor immunity and its possible molecular mechanism.Methods: The changes of macrophage phenotypes after PGRN treatment were detected by western blot, quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. Western blot was used to study the signal molecular mechanism of PGRN regulating this process. The number and localization of immune cells in WT and PGRN-/- breast cancer tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence techniques. The activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry.Results: After being treated with PGRN, the expressions of M2 markers and PD-L1 on macrophages increased. STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor Stattic could significantly inhibit PD-L1 expression and M2 related markers induced by PGRN. In WT group, CD8 were co-localized with macrophages and PD-L1, but not tumor cells. The number of immune cells in PGRN-/- breast cancer tissue increased, and the infiltration into tumor parenchyma also increased. Moreover, in the co-culture system, WT peritoneal macrophages not only reduced the ratio of activated CD8+T cells but also reduced the proportion of proliferating CD8+T cells. The addition of PD-1 and PD-L1 neutralizing antibodies could effectively reverse this effect and restore the immune function of CD8+T cells.Conclusion: The results show that PGRN can promote M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, through PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, PGRN can promote the breast tumor immune escape. Our research may provide new ideas and targets for clinical breast cancer immunotherapy.
Molecular Divergence in Flea Ctenocephalides Canis From West and Northwest of Iran
Authors: Tavassoli Mousa , Seidy Shahin , Malekifard Farnaz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFleas of the family Pulicidae are the most common ectoparasites infesting domestic livestock worldwide. The main aim of the present study was to demonstrate the degree of molecular divergence between Ctenocephalides canis fleas in the Western and Northwestern of Iran, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes, including ITS1and ITS 2 and cytochrome c-oxidase 1 (cox1) mtDNA. MethodsA total of 918 C. canis fleas was collected. The obtained morphometric data and DNA sequencing results did not show significant differences between C. canis specimens from the different regions or hosts. However, there was a significant degree of molecular divergence among the ten populations based on nuclear markers.ResultsThe degree of molecular divergence between different isolates of C. canis based on ITS1and ITS 2 genes was 0.15% and 3.36%, respectively. But analysis of the sequencing results shows that there was no molecular divergence between the ten populations based on the Cox1 marker.ConclusionsStudy of internal transcribed spacer ITS1 and ITS2 of rDNA and the partial cox1 mtDNA gene showed that these fragments are useful tools for interspecific divergence rates, species-level differentiation and confirm the diagnosis of species C. canis.
Emergency Gastrointestinal Surgery in Patients Undergoing Antithrombotic Therapy in a Single General Hospital: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Abe Shinya , Ami Katsunori , Katsuno Akira , Tamura Noriyasu , Harada Toshiko , Hamasaki Shunsuke , Kitagawa Yusuke , Machida Taku , Umetani Naoyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to review and evaluate the surgical outcomes, particularly intraoperative severe blood loss and postoperative blood complications, of emergency gastrointestinal surgery in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy (AT). Emergency surgeries for patients with antithrombotic medication have been increasing in the aging population. However, the effect of AT on intraoperative blood loss and perioperative complications remains unclear.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 732 patients who underwent emergency gastrointestinal surgery between April 2014 and March 2019. Patients were classified into AT group and Non-AT group, and propensity score-matched analysis was performed to compare the short surgical outcomes between the groups. Additionally, risk factors in severe estimated blood loss (EBL) were assessed. The optimal value of EBL was determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results: Altogether, 64 patients received AT; 50 patients and 12, and 2 were given antiplatelet and anticoagulant, and both drugs, respectively. After propensity score matching, EBL (101 vs. 99 ml; p = 0.466) and postoperative complications (14 vs. 16 patients; p = 0.676) were similar between the groups (63 patients matched paired). Intraoperative severe bleeding (EBL ≥ 113 ml) occurred in 146 patients. Multivariate analysis using the full cohort revealed that anticoagulant drug use was an independent risk factor for severe bleeding (odds ratio, 6.50; 95% CI 1.4 - 36; p = 0.015). Conclusions: This study demonstrated antithrombotic drugs do not adversely affect the perioperative outcomes of emergency gastrointestinal surgery, although patients taking anticoagulant drugs or multiple antithrombotic drugs should undergo careful surgical performances and postoperative management.
Impact of a Double Epidemic in Mexico: Non-Communicable Diseases Increase the Case Fatality Rate with Covid-19
Authors: Monterrubio-Flores Eric , Ramírez-Villalobos Maria Dolores , Espinoza-Montero Juan , Hernandez Bernardo , Barquera Simón , Villalobos-Daniel Victor E. , Campos-Nonato Ismael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: People with a previous diagnosis of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) develop serious forms of COVID-19 or die. Mexico is the sixth country with the highest mortality rate by COVID-19 with high mortality in younger adults.Objectives: To describe the association between NCDs and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) due to COVID-19 and identify related factors. Methods: We studied all Mexican adults infected with COVID-19 from February 1st to July 31st, 2020. The data set is available for free on the Ministry of Health’s webpage. We analyzed previous diagnosis of NCDs, other preexisting diseases, indicators of severity, and the institution treating the patient. We estimated CFR and analyzed it by the number of NCDs, specific diseases, and combinations of NCDs. Relative risk was estimated using Poisson models and probability of death estimates with Logistic models.Results: We analyzed 406,966 COVID-19 positive adults. The general CFR was 11.2%, while for men it was 13.7% and for women 8.4%. CFR is positively associated with age and number of NCDs (trend test p<0.001). The combination of type 2 diabetes+chronic kidney failure has the highest CFR (44.0%). The number of comorbidities increase the CFR in younger adults, in which the relative risk from 0 to 3 or more NCDs was 30.2 in women and 11.8 in men. We observed great heterogeneity in the CFR by institution, from 4.6% in private institutions to 18.9% in public institutions.Conclusion: The number of NCDs increases CFR and explains the mortality in younger adults. Our findings are consistent with the scientific literature and contribute to the understanding of these associations.
Natural selection and the advantage of recombination
Authors: Gerrish Philip , Galeota-Sprung Benjamin , Cordero Fernando , Sniegowski Paul , Colato Alexandre , Hengartner Nicolas , Vejalla Varun , Chevallier Julien , Ycart Bernard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exchanging genetic material with another individual seems risky from an evolutionary standpoint, and yet living things across all scales and phyla do so quite regularly. The pervasiveness of such genetic exchange, or recombination, in nature has defied explanation since the time of Darwin. Conditions that favor recombination, however, are well-understood: recombination is advantageous when the genomes of individuals in a population contain more selectively mismatched combinations of alleles than can be explained by chance alone. Recombination remedies this imbalance by shuffling alleles across individuals. The great difficulty in explaining the ubiquity of recombination in nature lies in identifying a source of this imbalance that is comparably ubiquitous. Intuitively, it would seem that natural selection should reduce the imbalance by favoring selectively matched combinations of high-fitness alleles, thereby opposing the evolution of recombination. We show, however, that this intuition is wrong; to the contrary, we find that natural selection has an encompassing tendency to assemble selectively mismatched combinations of alleles (the products of natural selection), thereby increasing the imbalance and promoting the evolution of recombination. We further show that population dynamics that lead to the fixation of these selectively mismatched genotypes (the process of natural selection) themselves produce an average imbalance that promotes the evolution of recombination. This fact is completely independent of the distribution of allelic fitness effects and is primarily due to the additive component of those effects. Our findings provide a novel vantage point from which the enormous body of established work on the evolution of sex and recombination may be viewed anew. They further suggest that recombination evolved and is maintained more as an unavoidable byproduct of natural selection than as a catalyst.
Dynamic changes in serum IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are associated with the outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 in ICU
Authors: Li Jia , Rong Liu , Cui Ran , Feng Jiaqi , Jin Yuyang , Yu Yuetian , Chen Xiaoxiang , Xu Renying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Biomarkers that would help prognosticate outcomes and guide treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently required. We aimed to investigate whether the dynamic variation of cytokines was associated with the survival of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 40 patients with COVID-19 admitted to an ICU in Wuhan, China. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were collected, and serum cytokines were kinetically assessed. A multivariable- adjusted generalized linear regression model was used to evaluate the differences in serum cytokine levels between survivor and non-survivors.Results: Among the 40 patients included, a significant positive correlation was found between multiple cytokines. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in non-survivors were consistently elevated compared to that of the survivors. Kinetic variations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were associated with a fatal outcome in severe patients with COVID-19, independent of sex, age, absolute lymphocyte count, direct bilirubin, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer.Conclusion: Dynamic changes in serum IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were associated with survival in ICU and could serve as a predictive biomarker in patients with severe COVID-19 to determine therapeutic options.
Exploring Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Scler osis (ALS) as Neurodegenerative Diseases and their Treatments: A Review Study
Authors: Deeb Omar , Nabulsi Maisa 
Published: September 2020

:
Growing concern about neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global issue. It is estimated
that not only will their prevalence increase but also morbidity and health burden will be concerning. Scientists,
researchers and clinicians share the responsibility of raising the awareness and knowledge about
the restricting and handicapping health restrains related to these diseases.

:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as one of the prevalent autoimmune diseases, is characterized by abnormal
regulation of the immune system that periodically attacks parts of the nervous system; brain and spinal
cord. Symptoms and impairments include weakness, numbness, visual problems, tingling pain that are
quietly variable among patients.

:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is another neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the
degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Unlike MS, symptoms begin with muscle
weakness and progress to affect speech, swallowing and finally breathing. Despite the major differences
between MS and ALS, misdiagnosis is still influencing disease prognosis and patient’s quality of life.

:
Diagnosis depends on obtaining a careful history and neurological examination as well as the use of
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which are considered challenging and depend on the current disease
status in individuals.

:
Fortunately, a myriad of treatments is available now for MS. Most of the cases are steroid responsive.
Disease modifying therapy is amongst the most important set of treatments.

:
In ALS, few medications that slow down disease progression are present. The aim of this paper is to
summarize what has been globally known and practiced about MS and ALS, as they are currently classified
as important growing key players among autoimmune diseases. In terms of treatments, it is concluded
that special efforts and input should be directed towards repurposing of older drugs and on stem
cells trials. As for ALS, it is highlighted that supportive measurements and supplementary treatments
remain essentially needed for ALS patients and their families. On the other hand, it is noteworthy to
clarify that the patient-doctor communication is relatively a cornerstone in selecting the best treatment
for each MS patient.
Advances in Synthesis, Derivatization and Bioactivity of Isatin: A Review
Authors: Chauhan Garima , Pathak Dharam Pal , Ali Faraat , Bhutani Rubina , Kapoor Garima , Khasimbi Shaik 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Isatin (IST) is a crucial pharmacologically active compound, chemically known as indole-
1H-2,3-dione. Development of different IST based analogues acquired significant awareness because of its
pronounced therapeutic importance such as analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular, antimicrobial,
antifungal, antiviral (effective against SARS coronavirus 3C protease) and many other activities, and represents
an important class of heterocyclic compounds that can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of many useful
drugs.

Objective:
Previously, many articles were reported on IST synthesis and its different pharmacological activities
but herein, we mentioned 59 different synthesis schemes of several IST derivatives/hybrids derived from the substitution
of the nitrogen, aromatic ring, the second and third position of IST along with most potent molecule
among each of synthesized libraries with their structural activity relationship (SAR). Using these standardized
approaches, several biologically important compounds were developed like sunitinib, nintedanib, indirubin, etc
and several studies have been carried out nowadays to develop newer compounds having fewer side effects and
also overcome the problem of resistance.

Conclusion:
This report critically reviews the different strategies for the designs and synthesis of several IST
based compounds having different biological activities with SAR, which can favour further investigation and
modification for the development of new and more potent entities.
Pyranoid Spirosugars as Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: La Ferla Barbara , D’Orazio Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Pyranoid spirofused sugar derivatives represent a class of compounds with a significant
impact in the literature. From the structural point of view, the rigidity inferred by the spirofused entity has made
these compounds object of interest mainly as enzymatic inhibitors, in particular, carbohydrate processing enzymes.
Among them glycogen phosphorylase and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 are important target enzymes
for diverse pathological states. Most of the developed compounds present the spirofused entity at the C1 position
of the sugar moiety; nevertheless, spirofused entities can also be found at other sugar ring positions. The main
spirofused entities encountered are spiroacetals/thioacetals, spiro-hydantoin and derivatives, spiro-isoxazolines,
spiro-aminals, spiro-lactams, spiro-oxathiazole and spiro-oxazinanone, but also others are present.

Objectives:
The present review focuses on the most explored synthetic strategies for the preparation of this class
of compounds, classified according to the position and structure of the spirofused moiety on the pyranoid scaffold.
Moreover, the structures are correlated to their main biological activities or to their role as chiral auxiliaries.

Conclusion:
It is clear from the review that, among the different derivatives, the spirofused structures at position
C1 of the pyranoid scaffold are the most represented and possess the most relevant enzymatic inhibitor activities.
Nevertheless, great efforts have been devoted to the introduction of the spirofused entity also in the other positions,
mainly for the preparation of biologically active compounds but also for the synthesis of chiral auxiliaries
useful in asymmetric reactions; examples of such auxiliaries are the spirofused chiral 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and
1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones.