bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasonic imaging system: a promising imaging method for the evaluation of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Wang Qian , Tao Xixi , Wang Ming , Yu Chen , Liu Sirui , Li Mengtao , Tian Xinping , Qi Zhenhong , Li Jianchu , Yang Fang , Zhu Lei , He Xujin , Zeng Xiaofeng , Jiang Yuxin , Yang Meng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to assess the clinical value of multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) articular imaging scores, a novel imaging method which can reflect the micro-vessels and oxygenation level of inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Seven small joints were examined by the PA/US imaging system. A 0–3 scoring system was used to semi-quantify the PA and power-Doppler (PD) signals, and the sums of PA and PD scores (PA-sum and PD-sum scores) of the seven joints were calculated. The relative oxygen saturation (SO2) values of the inflamed joints were measured and classified into 3 PA+SO2 patterns. The correlations between the PA/US imaging scores and the disease activity scores were assessed.

Results
Thirty-one patients of RA and a total of 217 joints were examined using the PA/US system. The PA-sum had high positive correlations with the standard clinical scores of RA (DAS28 [ESR] ρ = 0.754, DAS28 [CRP] ρ = 0.796, SDAI ρ = 0.836, CDAI ρ = 0.837, p < 0.001), which were superior to the PD-sum (DAS28 [ESR] ρ = 0.651, DAS28 [CRP] ρ = 0.676, SDAI ρ = 0.716, CDAI ρ = 0.709, p < 0.001). For the patients with high PA-sum scores, significant differences between hypoxia and hyperoxia were identified in pain visual analog score (p = 0.020) and patient’s global assessment (p = 0.026). The PA+SO2 patterns presented moderate and high correlation with PGA (ρ = 0.477, p = 0.0077) and VAS pain score (ρ = 0.717, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The PA scores have significant correlations with standard clinical scores for RA, and the PA+SO2 patterns are also related with clinical scores that reflect pain severity. PA may have clinical potential in evaluating RA.

Key Points
• Multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging is a novel method to assess micro-vessels and oxygenation of local lesions.
• Significant correlations between multimodal imaging parameters and clinical scores of RA patients were verified.
• The multimodal PA/US system can provide objective imaging parameters, including PA scores of micro-vessels and relative SO2value, as a supplementary to disease activity evaluation.
Metabolomics in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics: a state-of-the-art method to interpret central nervous system–related pathological processes
Authors: Bohnert Simone , Reinert Christoph , Trella Stefanie , Schmitz Werner , Ondruschka Benjamin , Bohnert Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the last few years, quantitative analysis of metabolites in body fluids using LC/MS has become an established method in laboratory medicine and toxicology. By preparing metabolite profiles in biological specimens, we are able to understand pathophysiological mechanisms at the biochemical and thus the functional level. An innovative investigative method, which has not yet been used widely in the forensic context, is to use the clinical application of metabolomics. In a metabolomic analysis of 41 samples of postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples divided into cohorts of four different causes of death, namely, cardiovascular fatalities, isoIated torso trauma, traumatic brain injury, and multi-organ failure, we were able to identify relevant differences in the metabolite profile between these individual groups. According to this preliminary assessment, we assume that information on biochemical processes is not gained by differences in the concentration of individual metabolites in CSF, but by a combination of differently distributed metabolites forming the perspective of a new generation of biomarkers for diagnosing (fatal) TBI and associated neuropathological changes in the CNS using CSF samples.
Glandular trichomes of Robinia viscosa Vent. var. hartwigii (Koehne) Ashe (Faboideae, Fabaceae)—morphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure
Authors: Konarska Agata , Łotocka Barbara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Main Conclusion
Permanent glandular trichomes of Robinia viscosa var. hartwigii produce viscous secretion containing several secondary metabolites, as lipids, mucilage, flavonoids, proteins and alkaloids.

Abstract
Robinia viscosa var. hartwigii (Hartweg’s locust) is an ornamental tree with high apicultural value. It can be planted in urban greenery and in degraded areas. The shoots, leaves, and inflorescences of this plant are equipped with numerous persistent glandular trichomes producing sticky secretion. The distribution, origin, development, morphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of glandular trichomes of Hartweg's locust flowers as well as the localisation and composition of their secretory products were investigated for the first time. To this end, light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy combined with histochemical and fluorescence techniques were used. The massive glandular trichomes differing in the distribution, length, and stage of development were built of a multicellular and multiseriate stalk and a multicellular head. The secretory cells in the stalk and head had large nuclei with nucleoli, numerous chloroplasts with thylakoids and starch grains, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum profiles, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and multivesicular bodies. Many vacuoles contained phenolic compounds dissolved or forming various condensed deposits. The secretion components were transported through symplast elements, and the granulocrine and eccrine modes of nectar secretion were observed. The secretion was accumulated in the subcuticular space at the trichome apex and released through a pore in the cuticle. Histochemical and fluorescence assays showed that the trichomes and secretion contained lipophilic and polyphenol compounds, polysaccharides, proteins, and alkaloids. We suggest that these metabolites may serve an important function in protection of plants against biotic stress conditions and may also be a source of phytopharmaceuticals in the future.
Inter-laboratory proficiency testing of the measurement of gypsum parameters with small numbers of participants
Authors: Kotyczka-Moranska M. , Mastalerz M. , Plis A. , Sciazko M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConducting proficiency tests with large numbers of participants are not a problem because the ISO standard 13528:2015 describes many indicators that allow for proper assessment. However, there are proficiency testing (PT) schemes that involve only few participants. In such situations, the same difficulties exist for the selection of proper indicators and the criteria for assessing the participants' achievements. The Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze, Poland organised a round of PT of the determination of gypsum parameters. The results from six participants from Polish research entities and independent laboratories and methodology for the organisation this PT are presented. The performance evaluation criteria were determined using participants results due to the inability to use the metrologically valid procedure. The performance of the participants was evaluated using z′ and zeta scores.
Atmospheric aerosol growth rates at different background station types
Authors: Holubová Šmejkalová Adéla , Zíková Naděžda , Ždímal Vladimír , Plachá Helena , Bitter Miroslav 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHighly time-resolved particle number size distributions (PNSDs) were evaluated during 5 years (2013–2017) at four background stations in the Czech Republic located in different types of environments—urban background (Ústí nad Labem), industrial background (Lom), agricultural background (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice), and suburban background (Prague-Suchdol). The PNSD data was used for new particle formation event determination as well as growth rate (GR) and condensation sink (CS) calculations. The differences or similarities of these parameters were evaluated from perspectives of the different pollution load, meteorological condition, and regional or long-range transport. The median growth rate (4 nm h−1) is very similar at all stations, and the most frequent length of growth lasted between 2 and 4 h. Condensation sink reflects the pollution load at the individual station and their connection to the environment type. The highest median, CS = 1.34 × 10−2 s−1, was recorded at the urban station (Ústí nad Labem), and the lowest (CS = 0.85 × 10−2 s−1) was recorded at the agricultural station (National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice). Conditional probability function polar plots illustrate the influence of source location to GR. These primary potential emission sources involve traffic, operation of a power plant, and domestic heating.
Opportunities for language enhancement in a learning environment designed on the basis of the theory of didactical situations
Authors: Rønning Frode 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is based on data from two teaching sequences in primary school that are designed using principles from the theory of didactical situations (TDS). The following research question is addressed: “What opportunities can a teaching design based on TDS give a teacher to gain insight into pupils’ language use, and to use this insight to establish shared, and mathematically acceptable, knowledge in a group of primary school pupils?” Empirical data from one teaching sequence on geometrical shapes and another teaching sequence on combinatorial problems are used to answer this question. The research shows that a sharp focus on well-defined learning goals does not limit the pupils’ possibilities in expressing their thoughts and ideas in their own language. The research also shows that despite clear learning goals, the teacher has rich opportunities to build on pupils’ language to connect everyday and scientific language for the purpose of developing a mathematically accepted discourse.
DEPTOR is a direct p53 target that suppresses cell growth and chemosensitivity
Authors: Cui Danrui , Dai Xiaoqing , Gong Longyuan , Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Linchen , Xiong Xiufang , Zhao Yongchao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDEP-domain containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), a natural mTOR inhibitor, has essential roles in several processes, including cell growth, metabolism, apoptosis, and immunity. DEPTOR expression has been shown to be diversely controlled at transcriptional levels in cell- and context-specific manners. However, whether there is a general mechanism for the regulation of DEPTOR expression remains largely unknown. Here, we report that DEPTOR is a downstream target of the tumor suppressor, p53, whose activity is positively correlated with DEPTOR expression both in vitro in cell cultures and in vivo in mouse tissues. Mechanistically, p53 directly binds to the DEPTOR promoter and transactivates its expression. Depletion of the p53-binding site on the DEPTOR promoter by CRISPR-Cas9 technology decreases DEPTOR expression and promotes cell proliferation and survival by activating AKT signaling. Importantly, inhibition of AKT by small molecular inhibitors or genetic knockdown abrogates the induction of cell growth and survival induced by deletion of the p53-binding region on the DEPTOR promoter. Furthermore, p53, upon activation by the genotoxic agent doxorubicin, induces DEPTOR expression, leading to cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin. Together, DEPTOR is a direct p53 downstream target and contributes to p53-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, survival, and chemosensitivity.
Engineering of α-PD-1 antibody-expressing long-lived plasma cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted gene integration
Authors: Luo Baohong , Zhan Yikang , Luo Minqi , Dong Huimin , Liu Jun , Lin Yingtong , Zhang Junsong , Wang Guanwen , Verhoeyen Els , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLong-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) are robust specialized antibody-secreting cells that mainly stay in the bone marrow and can persist a lifetime. As they can be generated by inducing the differentiation of B-lymphocytes, we investigated the possibility that human LLPCs might be engineered to express α-PD-1 monoclonal antibody to substitute recombinant α-PD-1 antitumor immunotherapy. To this end, we inserted an α-PD-1 cassette into the GAPDH locus through Cas9/sgRNA-guided specific integration in B-lymphocytes, which was mediated by an integrase-defective lentiviral vector. The edited B cells were capable of differentiating into LLPCs both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptional profiling analysis confirmed that these cells were typical LLPCs. Importantly, these cells secreted de novo antibodies persistently, which were able to inhibit human melanoma growth via an antibody-mediated checkpoint blockade in xenograft-tumor mice. Our work suggests that the engineered LLPCs may be utilized as a vehicle to constantly produce special antibodies for long-term cellular immunotherapy to eradicate tumors and cellular reservoirs for various pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV).
The diagnostic value of DNA repair gene in breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Yang Yongxin , Li Xiabin , Hao Liyue , Jiang Deyong , Wu Bin , He Tao , Tang Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in China and even in the world. DNA repair genes can lead to tumor metastasis by affecting cancer cell resistance. Studies have preliminarily shown that DNA repair genes are related to breast cancer metastasis, but it is not clear whether they can be used as a prediction of the risk of breast cancer metastasis. Therefore, this study mainly discusses the predictive value of DNA repair genes in postoperative metastasis of breast cancer. The nested case–control method was used in patients with breast cancer metastasis after surgery (n = 103) and patients without metastasis after surgery (n = 103). The proteins and mRNA of DNA repair genes were detected by immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR respectively. In protein expression, PARP1 (OR 1.147, 95% CI 1.067 ~ 1.233, P < 0.05), XRCC4 (OR 1.088, 95% CI 1.015 ~ 1.166, P < 0.05), XRCC1 (OR 1.114, 95% CI 1.021 ~ 1.215, P < 0.05), ERCC1 (OR 1.068, 95% CI 1.000 ~ 1.141, P < 0.10) were risk factors for postoperative metastasis of breast cancer. In addition, we used the ROC curve to study the optimal critical values of MSH2, MLH1, PARP1, XRCC1, XRCC4, 53BP1, ERCC1 and XPA combined with the Youden index, and the effects of MSH2, MLH1, PARP1, XRCC1, XRCC4, 53BP1, ERCC1 and XPA on breast cancer metastasis were verified again. Among them, the risk of metastasis in the PARP1 high expression group was 3.286 times that of the low expression group (OR 3.286, 95% CI 2.013 ~ 5.364, P < 0.05). The risk of metastasis in the XRCC4 high expression group was 1.779 times that of the low expression group (OR 1.779, 95% CI 1.071 ~ 2.954, P < 0.05). The risk of metastasis in patients with ERCC1 high expression group was 2.012 times that of the low expression group (OR 2.012, 95% CI 1.056 ~ 3.836, P < 0.05). So we can conclude that protein expression of PARP1 (cut-off value = 6, Se = 76.70%, Sp = 79.61%), XRCC4 (cut-off value = 6, Se = 78.64%0, Se = 79.61%), ERCC1 (cut-off value = 3, Se = 89.32%, Sp = 50.49%), suggesting that when the PARP1 score is higher than 6 or the XRCC4 score is higher than 6 or the ERCC1 score is higher than 3, the risk of metastasis will increases. Due to PARP1, XRCC4 and ERCC1 belong to a part of DNA repair gene system, and the three proteins are positively correlated by correlation analysis (rPARP1-XRCC4 = 0.343; rPAPR1-ERCC1 = 0.335; rXRCC4-ERCC1 = 0.388). The combined diagnosis of the PARR1, XRCC4 and ERCC1 have greater predictive value for the risk of metastasis of breast cancer (Se = 94.17%, Sp = 75.73%; OR 11.739, 95% CI 2.858 ~ 40.220, P < 0.05). The postoperative metastasis of breast cancer could be effectively predicted when the immunohistochemical scores met PARP1 (IHC score) > 6, XRCC4 (IHC score) > 6 and ERCC1 (IHC score) > 3. In addition, the combined diagnosis of PARP1, XRCC4 and ERCC1 has great predictive value for the risk of breast cancer metastasis.
Restfulness from sleep and subsequent cardiovascular disease in the general population
Authors: Kaneko Hidehiro , Itoh Hidetaka , Kiriyama Hiroyuki , Kamon Tatsuya , Fujiu Katsuhito , Morita Kojiro , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to clarify the association between restfulness from sleep and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Medical records of 1,980,476 individuals with neither prior history of CVD nor sleep disorders were extracted from the Japan Medical Data Center. Restfulness from sleep was subjectively assessed using information from the questionnaires at initial health check-ups. The mean age was 45 ± 11 years and 1,184,937 individuals were men. Overall, 1,197,720 individuals (60.5%) reported having good restfulness from sleep. The mean follow-up period was 1122 ± 827 days. Myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation occurred in 3673 (0.2%), 30,241 (1.5%), 13,546 (0.7%), 28,296 (1.4%), and 8116 (0.4%) individuals, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analyses including age, sex, and other CVD risk factors after multiple imputation for missing values showed that good restfulness from sleep was associated with lower incidence of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–0.95), angina pectoris (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.83–0.87), stroke (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82–0.88), heart failure (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84–0.88), and atrial fibrillation (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.97). The association of restfulness from sleep with CVD events was pronounced in subjects with younger age and female sex. In conclusion, good restfulness from sleep may be associated with the lower risk of myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanism and to develop a novel preventive approach for CVD from the perspective of sleep.
A review of user training methods in brain computer interfaces based on mental tasks
Authors: Roc Aline , Pillette Lea , Mladenovic Jelena , Benaroch Camille , N’Kaoua Bernard , Jeunet Camille , Lotte Fabien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mental-tasks based brain–computer interfaces (MT-BCIs) allow their users to interact with an external device solely by using brain signals produced through mental tasks. While MT-BCIs are promising for many applications, they are still barely used outside laboratories due to their lack of reliability. MT-BCIs require their users to develop the ability to self-regulate specific brain signals. However, the human learning process to control a BCI is still relatively poorly understood and how to optimally train this ability is currently under investigation. Despite their promises and achievements, traditional training programs have been shown to be sub-optimal and could be further improved. In order to optimize user training and improve BCI performance, human factors should be taken into account. An interdisciplinary approach should be adopted to provide learners with appropriate and/or adaptive training. In this article, we provide an overview of existing methods for MT-BCI user training—notably in terms of environment, instructions, feedback and exercises. We present a categorization and taxonomy of these training approaches, provide guidelines on how to choose the best methods and identify open challenges and perspectives to further improve MT-BCI user training.
Uncovering the structure of clinical EEG signals with self-supervised learning
Authors: Banville Hubert , Chehab Omar , Hyvärinen Aapo , Engemann Denis-Alexander , Gramfort Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. Supervised learning paradigms are often limited by the amount of labeled data that is available. This phenomenon is particularly problematic in clinically-relevant data, such as electroencephalography (EEG), where labeling can be costly in terms of specialized expertise and human processing time. Consequently, deep learning architectures designed to learn on EEG data have yielded relatively shallow models and performances at best similar to those of traditional feature-based approaches. However, in most situations, unlabeled data is available in abundance. By extracting information from this unlabeled data, it might be possible to reach competitive performance with deep neural networks despite limited access to labels. Approach. We investigated self-supervised learning (SSL), a promising technique for discovering structure in unlabeled data, to learn representations of EEG signals. Specifically, we explored two tasks based on temporal context prediction as well as contrastive predictive coding on two clinically-relevant problems: EEG-based sleep staging and pathology detection. We conducted experiments on two large public datasets with thousands of recordings and performed baseline comparisons with purely supervised and hand-engineered approaches. Main results. Linear classifiers trained on SSL-learned features consistently outperformed purely supervised deep neural networks in low-labeled data regimes while reaching competitive performance when all labels were available. Additionally, the embeddings learned with each method revealed clear latent structures related to physiological and clinical phenomena, such as age effects. Significance. We demonstrate the benefit of SSL approaches on EEG data. Our results suggest that self-supervision may pave the way to a wider use of deep learning models on EEG data.
A quantum reference frame size-accuracy trade-off for quantum channels
Authors: Miyadera Takayuki , Loveridge Leon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The imposition of symmetry upon the nature and structure of quantum observables has recently been extensively studied, with quantum reference frames playing a crucial role. In this paper, we extend this work to quantum transformations, giving quantitative results showing, in direct analogy to the case of observables, that a “large” reference frame is required for non-covariant channels to be well approximated by covariant ones. We apply our findings to the concrete setting of SU(2) symmetry.
L-polylactic acid porous microspheres enhance the mechanical properties and in vivo stability of degummed silk/silk fibroin/gelatin scaffold
Authors: Li Tian , Liu Bingzhang , Jiang Yuhan , Lou Yingyue , Chen Kang , Zhang Duo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cartilage defects are among the most difficult diseases to cure in clinic. Due to the limited regeneration capacity of chondrocytes, cartilage regeneration is very difficult. Tissue engineering is a potential strategy for cartilage regeneration. The choice of scaffold is a key factor for the successful construction of tissue engineering cartilage. In this research, we successfully constructed the silk/silk fibroin/gelatin/polylactic acid porous microspheres (S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs) scaffold, then further evaluated the physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility of the composite cartilage tissue in vitro and in vivo, also the long-term survival of the composite cartilage in large animals was carried out. The research results showed that S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs composite scaffold had good biocompatibility. The addition of L-polylactic acid porous microspheres (PLLA-PMs) could significantly enhance the mechanical strength of the scaffold and achieve a multi-level pore structure. After 4 weeks of culture in vitro, composite cartilage could be constructed. Further immunohistochemical results showed that S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs scaffold could increase the long-term stability of the composite cartilage transplantation in vivo.