bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of prothrombotic factors in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome or non‐cirrhotic nonmalignant portal vein thrombosis: A hospital‐based observational study
Authors: Fan Jiahao , Wang Qiuhe , Luo Bohan , Chen Hui , Wang Zhengyu , Niu Jing , Yuan Jie , Yuan Xulong , Bai Wei , He Chuangye , Guo Wengang , Li Kai , Yin Zhanxin , Fan Daiming , Han Guohong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimComprehensive investigations on the prothrombotic factors of splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), including Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) and non‐cirrhotic nonmalignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT), in Eastern patients are scarce.MethodsBetween March 2012 and July 2017, 812 consecutive patients, including 418 BCS and 394 non‐cirrhotic nonmalignant PVT patients, were admitted to Xijing Hospital (a Chinese tertiary academic hospital) and screened for prothrombotic factors. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P‐trends were calculated by using conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) was only 6.3% among BCS patients but 28.3% among PVT patients. Notably, the presence of MPNs was associated with a higher risk of hepatic vein‐type BCS (OR 9.9, 95% CI 3.6–26.7, P‐trend < 0.001) and extensive thrombosis in PVT (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.9–8.9, P‐trend < 0.001). Calreticulin mutations existed in 2.7% of SVT patients. Furthermore, the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and protein C, protein S, or antithrombin deficiency in BCS patients was 7.3% and 22.5%, respectively, similar to that in patients with PVT (7.4% and 25.7%). In addition, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria were identified in < 1% of both BCS and PVT patients.ConclusionThere is a significant positive association between MPNs and hepatic vein‐type BCS or non‐cirrhotic nonmalignant PVT with extensive thrombosis. Additionally, calreticulin mutations should be tested in JAK2V617F‐negative SVT patients in China. However, screening for factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation, and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria may be unnecessary.
Acute myocardial infarction activates magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurones
Authors: Roy Ranjan K. , Augustine Rachael A. , Brown Colin H. , Schwenke Daryl O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. For those who survive the acute insult, the progressive dilation of the ventricle associated with chronic heart failure is driven by an adverse increase in circulating levels of the antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin, which is secreted from hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) nerve terminals. Although increased vasopressin neuronal activity has been demonstrated in the latter stages of chronic heart failure, we hypothesised that vasopressin neurones become activated immediately following an acute MI. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were anaesthetised and an acute MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 90 minutes of myocardial ischaemia, brains were collected. Dual‐label immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the expression of Fos protein, a marker of neuronal activation, within vasopressin‐ or oxytocin‐labelled neurones of the hypothalamic PVN and SON. Fos protein and tyrosine hydroxylase within the brainstem were also quantified. The results obtained show that the expression of Fos in both vasopressin and oxytocin neurones of the PVN and SON was significantly elevated as soon as 90 minutes post‐MI compared to sham rats. Moreover, Fos protein was also elevated in tyrosine hydroxylase neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla of MI rats than sham rats. We conclude that magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neuronal activation occurs immediately following acute MI, rather than in the later stages of chronic heart failure. Therefore, prompt vasopressin antagonist therapy as an adjunct treatment for acute MI may impede the progression of ventricular dilatation, which remains a key adverse hallmark of chronic heart failure.
Regulation of prepubertal dynorphin secretion in the medial basal hypothalamus of the female rat
Authors: Dees William L. , Hiney Jill K. , Srivastava Vinod K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe onset of puberty is the result of an increase in secretion of hypothalamic gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH). This action is a result of not only the development of stimulatory inputs to its release, but also the gradual decrease in inhibitory inputs that restrain release of the peptide prior to pubertal onset. Dynorphin (DYN) is one of the inhibitory inputs produced in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH); however, little is known about what substance(s) control its prepubertal synthesis and release. Because neurokinin B (NKB) increases in the hypothalamus as puberty approaches, we considered it a candidate for such a role. An initial study investigated the acute effects of an NKB agonist, senktide, on the secretion of DYN from MBH tissues incubated in vitro. In other experiments, central injections of senktide were administered to animals for 4 days then MBHs were collected for assessment of DYN synthesis or for the in vitro secretion of both DYN and GnRH. Because insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 has been shown to play an important role at puberty, additional animals received central injections of this peptide for 4 days to assess NKB and DYN synthesis or the in vitro secretion of NKB. The results obtained show that senktide administration up‐regulates the NKB receptor protein, at the same time as suppressing the DYN and its receptor. Senktide consistently suppressed DYN and elevated GnRH secretion in the same tissue incubates from both the acute and chronic studies. IGF‐1 administration caused an increase in NKB protein, at the same time as decreasing DYN protein. Furthermore, the central administration of IGF‐1 caused an increase in NKB release, an action blocked by the IGF‐1 receptor blocker, JB‐1. These results indicate that the IGF‐1/NKB pathway contributes to suppressing the DYN inhibitory tone on prepubertal GnRH secretion and thus facilitates the puberty‐related increase in the release of GnRH to accelerate the onset of puberty.
Can skeletal surface area predictin vivofoot surface area?
Authors: Strickson E. Catherine , Hutchinson John R. , Wilkinson David M. , Falkingham Peter L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe surface area of feet in contact with the ground is a key morphological feature that influences animal locomotion. Underfoot pressures (and consequently stresses experienced by the foot), as well as stability of an animal during locomotion, depend on the size and shape of this area. Here we tested whether the area of a skeletal foot could predictin vivosoft tissue foot surface area. Computed tomography scans of 29 extant tetrapods (covering mammals, reptiles, birds and amphibians) were used to produce models of both the soft tissues and the bones of their feet. Soft tissue models were oriented to a horizontal plane, and their outlines projected onto a surface to produce two‐dimensional silhouettes. Silhouettes of skeletal models were generated either from bones inCTpose or with all autopodial bones aligned to the horizontal plane. Areas of these projections were calculated using alpha shapes (mathematical tight‐fitting outline). Underfoot area of soft tissue was approximately 1.67 times that of skeletal tissue area (~ 2 times for manus, ~ 1.6 times for pes, if analysed separately). This relationship between skeletal foot area and soft tissue area, while variable in some of our study taxa, could provide information about the size of the organisms responsible for fossil trackways, suggest what size of tracks might be expected from potential trackmakers known only from skeletal remains, and aid in soft tissue reconstruction of skeletal remains for biomechanical modelling.
Bone foramen dimensions and blood flow calculation: best practices
Authors: Hu Qiaohui , Nelson Thomas J. , Seymour Roger S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSome blood vessels enter bones through foramina, leaving the size of the foramen as a gauge for estimating the rate of blood flow and hence the metabolic rate of the supplied tissues. Foramen dimensions have been measured using varied methods in previous foramen studies, to relate regional blood flows with associated physiological processes. With the increasing interests in this ‘foramen technique’, standard methods with minimized measurement errors are therefore required. This study provides details of microphotographic and micro‐computerized tomographic methods, and introduces a new alternative method, which uses impression material to measure foramen dimensions. The three methods are compared and the results indicate that all of them are capable of obtaining precise and accurate foramen dimension values, although they all have limitations. A microphotograph of the external opening is suggested to be the standard method because of its ease of use, but the alternative methods provide more detailed information on foramen shape. If the foramen is mainly occupied by one artery, blood flow rates can be calculated from foramen size and artery wall‐lumen ratio, which is evaluated from the literature survey in this study. If veins or nerves also penetrate the foramen, a relative index of blood flow rate is nevertheless possible for comparative purposes.
Inadvertent intra‐arterial injection of deoxycholic acid: A case report and proposed protocol for treatment
Authors: Lindgren Aleksandra L. , Welsh Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeoxycholic acid (ATX‐101) is a secondary bile acid that was approved as an injectable drug for the reduction of submental fat. Necrosis, an uncommon but serious adverse event, can occur due to inadvertent superficial injection or intra‐arterial injection of the acid. The management of the intra‐arterial injection of deoxycholic acid has not been well characterized. Here, we discuss methods to decrease the risk of such injections and draw on existing protocols for the inadvertent intra‐arterial injection of sclerotherapy solutions and dermal fillers to propose a safe, practical approach to treatment. A case report is presented of a 42‐year‐old woman who received a deoxycholic acid injection for the correction of submental fullness, which was complicated by the inadvertent intra‐arterial injection of the acid. The adaptation of published treatment protocols for the inadvertent injection of sclerosing solutions and dermal fillers allowed for a good outcome in this patient. The inadvertent intra‐arterial injection of deoxycholic acid is a rare event. The risk of such injections can be reduced with attention to injection technique and can be managed successfully following the adaptation of protocols in the literature for similar events from vascular compromise due to dermal fillers and sclerosing solutions.
Prostate cancer survivorship priorities for men and their partners: Delphi consensus from a nurse specialist cohort
Authors: Ralph Nicholas , Green Anna , Sara Sally , McDonald Suzanne , Norris Philip , Terry Victoria , Dunn Jeffrey C. , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims & objectivesTo describe the prostate cancer survivorship experience and priorities from the perspective of prostate cancer specialist nurses.BackgroundSpecialist nurses are providing long‐term survivorship care to men and their partners however, few prostate cancer survivorship interventions are effective and priorities for nurse‐led survivorship care are poorly understood.DesignA three‐round modified Delphi approach.MethodsThe study was conducted between 1 December 2018 and 28 February 2019 to develop a consensus view from an expert nurse cohort (43 prostate cancer specialist nurses: 90% response). First, participants described men's prostate cancer survivorship experience and priorities for improving care for men and partners. In subsequent rounds, participants identified key descriptors of the survivorship experience; rated priorities for importance and feasibility; and identified a top priority action for men and for partners. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics were applied. Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies informed the conduct of the study.ResultsProstate cancer specialist nurses characterised the prostate cancer survivorship experience of men as under‐resourced, disjointed and distressing. In all, 11 survivorship priorities for men and three for partners were identified within five broad areas: capacity building; care coordination; physical and psychosocial care; community awareness and early detection; and palliative care. However, feasibility for individual items was frequently described as low.ConclusionInternationally, prostate cancer survivorship care for men and their partners requires urgent action to meet future need and address gaps in capacity and care coordination. Low feasibility of survivorship priorities may reflect translational challenges related to capacity. Prostate cancer survivorship care guidelines connected to practice priorities are urgently needed.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings address key gaps in the evidence for developing national nurse‐led prostate cancer survivorship priorities. These priorities can be used to inform survivorship guidelines including nursing care for men with prostate cancer and their partners.
Communities of practice: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of what it means and how it really works among nursing students and novices
Authors: Terry Daniel R. , Nguyen Hoang , Peck Blake , Smith Andrew , Phan Hoang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the enablers, barriers and impact that communities of practice have on novice nurses and students learning to become registered nurses.BackgroundCommunities of practice have formed the basis for conceptualising the process of learning that occurs among groups of people within a place of work—a mainstay of healthcare practice. There is a dearth of literature that focuses specifically on the outcomes from student and novice engagement with existing communities of practice.DesignSystematic review and Meta‐synthesis.MethodsMEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, ProQuest, Scopus and PsycINFO databases were accessed between 1997–2019. The screening and selection of studies were based on eligibility criteria and methodological quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research. Meta‐synthesis was grounded in the original experiences and collectively synthesised into meaningful themes. The review follows the PRISMA reporting guidelines and PRISMA checklist.ResultsThe findings highlight three major themes and included enablers for successful communities of practice, barriers to successful communities of practice, and success in action as described by students and novice nurses.DiscussionWe suggest successful communities of practice occur when safe and supported spaces ensure students and novices feel comfortable to experiment with their learning, and we emphasise the benefits of having more novice nurses situated within close proximity and under the direct influence of the established practices of more experienced or core group of peers.Relevance to clinical practiceCommunities of practice that function successfully create an environment that prioritises the embedding of novices into the broader group. In so doing, students and novice nurses feel supported, welcomed, empowered, and able to make the transition from student to colleague and novice nurse to more experienced nurse. It allows them to experiment with ever new ways of fulfilling the role, while aiding better clinical outcomes.
Are prescribers not aware of cardiovascular contraindications for diclofenac? A claims data analysis
Authors: Scholle O. , Kollhorst B. , Haug U. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare diclofenac use before and after implementation of European risk minimization measures in 2013, focusing on diclofenac initiators and prevalence of congestive heart failure (NYHA class II–IV), ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular disease (new contraindications) in these patients in Germany.MethodsWe included adults with health insurance coverage on 1 January 2011 (cohort 2011) or 1 January 2014 (cohort 2014) and during a 1‐year pre‐observation period. We defined diclofenac initiators as persons filling a prescription of systemic diclofenac in 2011 (cohort 2011) or 2014 (cohort 2014) and without such a prescription during the respective pre‐observation period.ResultsEach cohort comprised >10 million persons. Between 2011 and 2014, the age‐standardized proportion of persons initiating diclofenac decreased by 29% (from 8.2% to 5.8%) amongst female patients and by 26% (from 8.5% to 6.3%) amongst male patients; in the subgroup of persons with new contraindications, this proportion decreased by 33% (from 9.8% to 6.6%) amongst female patients and by 31% (from 10.0% to 6.7%) amongst male patients. Amongst diclofenac initiators, the proportion of those with new contraindications did not change between 2011 (12.0%) and 2014 (11.8%).ConclusionThe overall decline of about 30% in diclofenac initiation between 2011 and 2014 was largely independent of the presence or absence of new contraindications. The proportion of diclofenac initiators with a new contraindication remained at a high level (more than one in ten patients), demonstrating the need for research at the prescriber level (e.g. interventional studies) and further measures to improve patient safety.
‘Getting to clinic study’: A mixed methods study of families who fail to attend hospital outpatient clinics
Authors: Christie‐Johnston Carey‐Ann , O'Loughlin Rachel , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: November 2019

AimNon‐attendance rates at paediatric hospital outpatient clinics are high; however, parent‐reported reasons for non‐attendance are poorly understood. We aimed to identify: (i) modifiable system and parent factors that prevent parents from attending paediatric outpatient clinic appointments with their child; and (ii) parent views on changes that could be made to reduce non‐attendance.MethodsInterviews were conducted with a random sample of parents of children aged 0–18 years who did not attend scheduled new or review outpatient clinic appointments at a metro, tertiary children's hospital in Melbourne, between 1 May and 31 July 2017. Families were excluded if the principal investigator had previously cared for the child in clinic.ResultsA total of 50 parents completed an interview. Common factors related to non‐attendance were reported as not receiving an appointment letter (n = 13, 26%) or text reminder (n = 16, 32%); and difficulties making changes to scheduled appointments (n = 11, 22%). Parents suggested a number of ways hospitals could reduce non‐attendance, including flexible clinic times, reduced waiting periods, cheaper parking, consistent text reminders of upcoming appointment and, overwhelmingly, the ability to reschedule via text, removing the need to telephone the hospital.ConclusionsThe principal reasons families struggle to attend appointments is being unaware of appointments, not receiving letters or text reminders. The lack of correct contact details held by the hospital's electronic medical record suggest systems errors in communication are impacting attendance rates of children in the clinics, and that addressing these internal issues may increase clinic attendance rates.
Evaluation of QuantiFERON tuberculosis Gold In‐Tube assay for diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children
Authors: Zubarioglu Tanyel , Bayraktar Banu , Dalgic Nazan , Sancar Mesut , Cakir Erkan , Togay Alper , Gencer Hasim , Bulut Emin , Yalciner Altan 
Published: November 2019

AimTuberculin skin test (TST) is still used in diagnostic algorithms of childhood tuberculosis (TB). QuantiFERON TB Gold In‐Tube assay (QFT‐GIT) is an alternative test to TST based on the detection of interferon‐gamma release upon in vitro induction of peripheral mononuclear cells by TB antigens. In this study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic value and performance of QFT‐GIT for active childhood TB.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted between January 2005 and December 2011 in three referral hospitals in Turkey with 124 children who were diagnosed with definite active TB. Sensitivity values of TST and QFT‐GIT were determined by accepting the microbiological confirmation as the gold standard of diagnosis of TB.ResultsIn our study, sensitivity of QFT‐GIT and TST was found to be 65 and 66% respectively. However, combined usage of QFT‐GIT and TST was found to be more sensitive (85%) than TST or QFT‐GIT alone (P < 0.0001). Although negative results of QFT‐GIT or TST did not exclude the diagnosis of active TB in children, their positivity supported the diagnosis. Specificity could not be measured as only microbiologically confirmed cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease were enrolled in the study.ConclusionAlthough sensitivities of TST and QFT‐GIT are too low to exclude active TB, their positivity supports diagnosis of active TB in children concomitant with signs and symptoms. QFT‐GIT and TST should be used together to enhance diagnostic sensitivity and could help exclude a diagnosis of TB if the pretest probability is low.
Melatonin promotes the development of immature oocytes from the COH cycle into healthy offspring by protecting mitochondrial function
Authors: Zou Huijuan , Chen Beili , Ding Ding , Gao Ming , Chen Dawei , Liu Yajing , Hao Yan , Zou Weiwei , Ji Dongmei , Zhou Ping , Wei Zhaolian , Cao Yunxia , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMelatonin (MT) regulates reproductive performance as a potent antioxidant; however, its beneficial effects on oocyte development remain largely unknown, especially in human oocytes. The collected 193 immature oocytes from the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycle underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) in IVM medium contained 10 μmol/L MT (n = 105, M group) and no MT (n = 88, NM group), followed by insemination and embryo culture. The results showed that the high‐quality blastocyst formation rate in the M group (28.4%) was significantly higher than that in the NM group (2.0%) (P = .0001), and the aneuploidy rate was low (15.8%). In the subsequent clinical trials, three healthy infants were delivered. Next, single‐cell RNA‐seq data revealed 1026 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway, which associated with ATP generation, was upregulated in the M group. Finally, confocal fluorescence staining results revealed that the mitochondrial membrane potential in the oocytes significantly increased and intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels greatly decreased in the M group. Melatonin can promote the development of immature human oocytes retrieved from the COH cycle into healthy offspring by protecting mitochondrial function.