bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Severity-Based Prehospital Triage for Endovascular Thrombectomy
Authors: Zhao Henry , Smith Karen , Bernard Stephen , Stephenson Michael , Ma Henry , Chandra Ronil V. , Phan Thanh , Bladin Christopher F. , Churilov Leonid , Crompton Douglas , Dewey Helen M. , Wijeratne Tissa , Cloud Geoffrey , Thijs Vincent , Kleinig Timothy J. , Ng Jo Lyn , Williams Cameron , Alemseged Fana , Ng Felix , Mitchell Peter J. , Parsons Mark W. , Yassi Nawaf , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce C.V. 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:
Severity-based assessment tools may assist in prehospital triage of patients to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), but criticisms regarding diagnostic inaccuracy have not been adequately addressed. This study aimed to quantify the benefits and disadvantages of severity-based triage in a large real-world paramedic validation of the Ambulance Clinical Triage for Acute Stroke Treatment (ACT-FAST) algorithm.

Methods:
Ambulance Victoria paramedics assessed the prehospital ACT-FAST algorithm in patients with suspected stroke from November 2017 to July 2019 following an 8-minute training video. All patients were transported to the nearest stroke center as per current guidelines. ACT-FAST diagnostic accuracy was compared with hospital imaging for the presence of large vessel occlusion (LVO) and need for CSC-level care (LVO, intracranial hemorrhage, and tumor). Patient-level time saving to EVT was modeled using a validated Google Maps algorithm. Disadvantages of CSC bypass examined potential thrombolysis delays in non-LVO infarcts, proportion of patients with false-negative EVT, and CSC overburdening.

Results:
Of 517 prehospital assessments, 168/517 (32.5%) were ACT-FAST positive and 132/517 (25.5%) had LVO. ACT-FAST sensitivity and specificity for LVO was 75.8% and 81.8%, respectively. Positive predictive value was 58.8% for LVO and 80.0% when intracranial hemorrhage and tumor (CSC-level care) were included. Within the metropolitan region, 29/55 (52.7%) of ACT-FAST-positive patients requiring EVT underwent a secondary interhospital transfer. Prehospital bypass with avoidance of secondary transfers was modeled to save 52 minutes (95% CI, 40.0–61.5) to EVT commencement. ACT-FAST was false-positive in 8 patients receiving thrombolysis (8.1% of 99 non-LVO infarcts) and false-negative in 4 patients with EVT requiring secondary transfer (5.4% of 74 EVT cases). CSC bypass was estimated to over-triage 1.1 patients-per-CSC-per-week in our region.

Conclusions:
The overall benefits of an ACT-FAST algorithm bypass strategy in expediting EVT and avoiding secondary transfers are estimated to substantially outweigh the disadvantages of potentially delayed thrombolysis and over-triage, with only a small proportion of EVT patients missed.
The Impact of Power on Contact Zones and Receptivity
Authors: Ulf Christoph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The concept of contacts zones, as developed in Ulf 2009, employs differentiating factors to embed the actors involved in the transfers of goods and ideas in their cultural and socio-political environments. Power exerted between people who transfer goods and ideas and those who receive them, is decisive for how receptivity is shaped by their recipients. To discover where power is situated in the complex processes of intercultural interactions, this paper leads attention to the societal characteristics that have an impact on the cultural actors. Referring to the change from the Greek enoikismoi within the scattered settlements of the local population(s) in the hinterland between the Gulf of Taranto and Brindisi to the emergence of recognizable Greek settlements along the coastline from the 8th to the 7th century BC, the example of the feast is chosen to highlight the accompanying change of the scale of power and its exertion. In the terminology of contact zones, a dense contact zone lacking a dominant partner turns into a Middle Ground. From the definition of the various contact zones derives, that the receptivity changed from free adaptation of so far unknown cultural elements to their own intentions and needs to conscious and intentional misunderstandings of the other’s cultural forms and behaviour to gain advantage over the exchange partner. Thus power is a growing factor in their relationship and becomes the more important when the Middle Ground is replaced by a dense zone of contact where one partner is able to dominate. Thereby, it becomes clear that the relationships in cultural transfers are not tied up with ethnic conditions or cultural superiority and inferiority, but determined by the type of contact zones which in turn are characterized by the tools of power involved.
“The Grand Retinue” Phenomenon in Northern and Eastern Europe in the 10-11th Centuries
Authors: Stefanovich Petr 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The author summarizes evidence of large professional armies in the service of the rulers of early medieval polities in Northern and Eastern Europe. Following František Graus, the author refers to that institution as “grand retinue” (Czech velkodružina, German Staatsgefolge). The rulers maintained these troops mainly by paying in cash collected as tribute from the populace. The late 10th-early 11th-century Poland and the “North Sea Empire” of Cnut the Great (1016-1035) provide the most compelling evidence on the grand retinue. In the 10-11th centuries Rus’, the princes also had armies of military servants, referred to as otroki (a Slavic word) or – more specifically – grid’ (term borrowed from Old Norse). Such troops played a major role during the emergence of the centralized political framework, but have disappeared or degenerated as early as the 12th century. Rus’ian records describe them as prosperous in the 11th century and show their decline during the 12-13th centuries. I interpret the Rus’ian “grand retinue” as an institution based on Scandinavian models, a result of the “transfer of knowledge” that occurred in Northern and Eastern Europe during the 10-11th centuries.
Vulner-ability: A Systematic Theological Approach to an Ambivalent Term
Authors: Leidinger Miriam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The term vulnerability is en vogue, both in theology and in mission studies. This contribution systematically analyses the concept and phenomenon of vulnerability and discusses its different aspects; namely materiality and embodiment, pain and suffering, and resilience and resistance. From a Christian theological point of view, these aspects of vulnerability resonate with key theological questions that lead to a closer look at the Christologies of Jürgen Moltmann, Jon Sobrino, and Graham Ward. The guiding questions are: How can we speak about the vulnerable human being in his or her relationship to Jesus Christ, the Son of God made flesh? And how is it possible vice versa to speak about the incarnated God in light of the vulnerability of all human beings? Finally, the argument culminates in a plea for a vulnerable theology in a wounded world.
The “Liturgy after the Liturgy” and Deep Solidarity. The Orthodox Understanding of Christian Witness and its Implications for Human Society
Authors: Sonea Cristian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper will investigate the orthodox understanding of mission as “liturgy after the Liturgy” and its consequences for human life. The Eucharistic Liturgy understood as an experience of God where the community of saints reveal the absolute model of unity must be replicated in the human society as another type of liturgy, a liturgy of solidarity. The research will present how starting from the Eucharistic community we can reach the community in solidarity.
Hugo Grotius and the Classical Law of Civil War
Authors: Kari Ville 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores the writings of Hugo Grotius on the law of civil war. First, the article takes a look at what Grotius wrote about the Dutch revolt, the civil war during which he himself lived and which he helped to legitimise. Second, the article notes how in legal practice the Dutch revolt also provided a valuable early precedent for the later scholars of the law of civil war, who were more concerned with questions of revolutionary prize jurisdiction and the problem of recognition. Third, the article explores the elements relating to these questions of civil war in Grotius’s volitional law of nations as presented in De iure belli ac pacis. These provided Grotius’s most enduring legacy for the later scholars on the law of civil war.
Chinese Perceptions of American Democracy: Late Qing Observers and Their Experiences with the Chinese Exclusion Act
Authors: Wong Sam , Wong Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Analysis of the writings of Kuang Qizhao and other Chinese self-strengtheners suggests that their emphasis on promoting education before democracy and continuing to endorse classical Confucianism were not signs of a retrograde kind of conservatism, but an entirely rational decision based on the actual experiences of late Qing observers of 19th Century American democracy. Observing the U.S. Congress’s passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Chinese officials observed the real dangers of demagogue led populism without an educated, moral citizenry and the apparent importance of Christianity to creating the moral foundation for an effective modern society. For Kuang, Confucianism was equivalent to Christianity to establish that moral basis, and not a conservative desire to preserve the old social order. Kuang would pass on his thoughts to some of China’s most important reformers and officials on his return home, suggesting he and the officials he associated with had a more realistic and sophisticated understanding of American society and democracy than is currently assumed.
‘Jewish Culture is Inseparable From the Struggle Against Reaction’: Forging an Australian Jewish Antifascist Culture in the 1940s
Authors: Kaiser Max 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the immediate postwar period Jewish communities worldwide sought to draw political lessons from the events of the Holocaust, the rise of fascism and the Second World War. A distinctive popular Jewish left antifascist politics developed as a way of memorialising the Holocaust, struggling against antisemitism and developing anti-racist and anti-assimilationist Jewish cultures. This article looks at the trilingual magazine Jewish Youth, published in Melbourne in the 1940s in English, Yiddish and Hebrew, as a prism through which to examine Jewish antifascist culture in Australia. Jewish Youth featured an oppositional political stance against antisemitism and fascism, tied often to Holocaust memorialisation; a conscious political and cultural minoritarianism and resistance to assimilation; and a certain fluctuating multilingualism, tied to its transnational situatedness and plurality of audiences.
‘The Antifascist Kick’: A Signifying Cultural Practice in the History of Transnational Antifascism?
Authors: Lundberg Victor 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article is based on an empirical study of ‘the antifascist kick’ as a formative cultural practice in the history of transnational antifascism. It scopes from the 1930s and the era of opposition to classic fascism, through to the twenty-first century where antifascism encounters political processes of globalization, fragmentation, neoliberalism, and neofascism. The article discusses the ‘antifascist kick’ in different historical contexts, from 1930s Sweden to Germany and the United States today. The article reveals that ‘the antifascist kick’ works in various cultural directions: as a political conception of those who are only worth contempt, as a symbolic representation of the antifascist struggle, and as a practical instruction for how to treat fascists in the streets.
Music Subculture versus Class Revolutionaries: Czech Antifascism in the Postsocialist Era
Authors: Daniel Ondřej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With its roots in the political, economic and social changes of 1989/1990, the Czech antifascist movement was initially characterized by its young supporters, who came mostly from subcultural and anarchist circles. When violent far-right skinheads increased their attacks in the country between 1990 and 1992, local antifascists were the main group to physically confront them. Three decades later, as a result of generational and tactical changes, Czech antifascists’ agenda is largely at odds with the class politics that drive important parts of the anarchist movement. At the same time, the antifascist movement retains some subcultural traits that have become depoliticized. Its strategy is now limited to monitoring far-right activists online and running cultural events. This study analyzes internal debates over the antifascist movement’s positions and reflects on their development over time.
Exile Dreams: Antifascist Jews, Antisemitism and the ‘Other Germany’
Authors: Koch Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article examines the meanings antifascist German Jews invested in antifascism and highlights its role as an emotional place of belonging. The sense of belonging to a larger collective enabled antifascist Jews to hold onto their Germanness and believe in the possibility of an ‘other Germany’. While most German Jewish antifascists remained deeply invested in their home country in the 1930s, this idea of the ‘other Germany’ became increasingly difficult to uphold in the face of war and genocide. For some this belief received the final blow after the end of the Second World War when they returned and witnessed the construction of German states that fell short of the hopes they had nourished while in exile. Yet even though they became disillusioned with the ‘other Germany’, they remained attached to antifascism.
‘L’antisémitisme est l’auxiliaire obligatoire du fascisme’: Jewish Communists, Antifascism and Antisemitism in France, 1944-1960s
Authors: Grumberg Zoé 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article studies the discursive construction by Jewish communists of the struggle against antisemitism in France between 1944 and the 1960s. It shows that after the Holocaust, without denying the racial aspect of Nazi antisemitism, Jewish communists adopted the French Communist Party and the ussr’s antifascist analysis of antisemitism according to which antisemitism was the corollary of fascism, a strategy to divide people and the working class. However, after the War, Jewish communists’ fight against antisemitism was also shaped by their experiences as Jews during the Holocaust, by their commitment to defend Jewish interests and by their desire to be (re)integrated into the French nation. The author argues that through a specific Jewish and communist antifascist fight against antisemitism, Jewish communists managed to remain faithful to their multiples allegiances – to Jews, to the pcf, and to French universalism – and to reach multiples audiences that identified, at least temporarily, with antifascism.
Speaking Back: Reading a Christian Denomination’s Vision for Diversity through the Eyes of its Children and Congregations
Authors: Csinos David M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes the United Church of Canada’s vision for becoming intercultural through data generated by qualitative research into the theological meaning-making of children within United Church congregations. The author provides an overview of the broader research project through which this data was generated and background information about Canadian multiculturalism and the United Church’s response to the challenges of multiculturalism, particularly its 2006 document, ‘A Transformative Vision for the United Church of Canada.’ The author presents three points of critique of this document that come into focus when analyzed through the lens of children within United Church congregations. These points include the important step of intentionally listening to voices on the margins, the document’s neglect of individuals and contexts that hold hybrid cultural identities, and its tendency to overlook congregations that are intercultural.
Why French Academic Journals are Protesting
Authors: _ _ , Noûs Camille 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Written by an anonymous collective of academics as well as an alliance of academic journals on strike, “Why French Academic Journals are Protesting” firstly operates as an archive of struggles unfolding in the world and on the future of research and higher education in France. Documenting a wave of transformations, from the bureaucratization of student-teacher relations and the commodification of university diplomas to the contractualisation of academic labor and cuts to employee benefits, the article exposes the loss of autonomisation and the diffusion of precarity in French academia. More than merely chronicling devastating legislative and administrative reforms, it acts as a testament of a unique form of scholarly disobedience or scholar-activism. In doing so, the author-activists open up a space of hope for alternative futures or perhaps even a sanctuary, wherein the university-as-it-were might be salvaged from or imagined beyond neoliberalism.
A Multiscale Local Gain Form Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (MLGETKF)
Authors: Wang Xuguang , Chipilski Hristo G. , Bishop Craig H. , Satterfield Elizabeth , Baker Nancy , Whitaker Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new multiscale, ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) method, multiscale local gain form ensemble transform Kalman filter (MLGETKF), is introduced. MLGETKF allows simultaneous update of multiple scales for both the ensemble mean and perturbations through assimilating all observations at once. MLGETKF performs DA in independent local volumes, which lends the algorithm a high degree of computational scalability. The multiscale analysis is enabled through the rapid creation of many pseudoensemble perturbations via a multiscale ensemble modulation procedure. The Kalman gain that is used to update the raw background ensemble mean and perturbations is based on this modulated ensemble, which intrinsically includes multiscale model space localization. Experiments with a noncycled statistical model show that the full background covariance estimated by MLGETKF more accurately resembles the shape of the true covariance than a scale-unaware localization. The mean analysis from the best-performing MLGETKF is statistically significantly more accurate than the best-performing scale-unaware LGETKF. The accuracy of the MLGETKF analysis is more sensitive to small-scale band localization radius than large-scale band. MLGETKF is further examined in a cycling DA context with a surface quasigeostrophic model. The root-mean-square potential temperature analysis error of the best-performing MLGETKF is 17.2% lower than that of the best-performing LGETKF. MLGETKF reduces analysis errors measured in kinetic energy spectra space by 30%–80% relative to LGETKF with the largest improvement at large scales. MLGETKF deterministic and ensemble mean forecasts are more accurate than LGETKF for full and large scales up to 5–6-day lead time and for small scales up to 3–4-day lead time, gaining ~12 h–1 day of predictability.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with two incisions: an improved, feasible and safe technique with superior cosmetic outcomes
Authors: Xu Yongfu , Wang Aidong , Dai Qiqiang , Fang Zheping , Li Zhenyu 
Published: December 2020

Objective Conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CLC) is usually performed with four incisions. Minimally invasive surgery for gallbladder disease with less pain and smaller scars has become increasingly popular. This study reported a new, two-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TILC) using conventional instruments. Methods In this prospective study, 43 patients were recruited to undergo TILC and were compared with 43 historical cases undergoing CLC. We evaluated operative time, postoperative pain, cosmesis and complications. Results There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, bile duct damage, blood loss and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. The mean operation time was longer with TILC than with CLC, but the difference was not statistically different. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower with TILC than with CLC. The mean cosmetic satisfaction score was significantly higher with TILC than that with CLC. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Conclusion Our work demonstrates that TILC generates less postoperative pain and significantly improved cosmesis for patients. TILC is a safe and feasible alternative to CLC.
The role of saline irrigation prior to wound closure in the reduction of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ambe Peter C. , Rombey Tanja , Rembe Julian-Dario , Dörner Johannes , Zirngibl Hubert , Pieper Dawid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical site infection (SSI) describes an infectious complication of surgical wounds. Although SSI is thought to be preventable, it still represents a major cause of morbidity and substantial economic burden on the health system. Wound irrigation (WI) might reduce the level of bacterial contamination, but current data on its role in reducing or preventing SSI is conflicting. Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of WI with normal saline prior to wound closure for the reduction of SSI in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to present, and cross-checked the reference lists of all included primary studies and relevant systematic reviews. (Quasi-) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the rate of SSI when using normal saline vs. no irrigation prior to wound closure following abdominal surgery were included. Primary outcome was the rate of SSI, secondary outcome the mean length of hospital stay (LOS).

Results
Four RCTs including a total of 1194 patients were included for analysis. All studies compared wound irrigation with normal saline with no wound irrigation prior to wound closure. Their risk of bias was moderate. The relative risk of developing a SSI was lower when wound irrigation with normal saline was performed prior to wound closure although the effect was not statistically significant (risk ratio 0.73, 95%-confidence level: 0.37 to 1.43). Similarly, there was no difference in the LOS amongst both intervention arms.

Conclusion
This systematic review could not identify an advantage for routine irrigation of abdominal wounds with normal saline over no irrigation prior to wound closure in preventing or reducing the rate of SSI.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registry number CRD42018082287.