bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining predatory journals and responding to the threat they pose: a modified Delphi consensus process
Authors: Cukier Samantha , Lalu Manoj , Bryson Gregory L , Cobey Kelly D , Grudniewicz Agnes , Moher David 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo conduct a Delphi survey informing a consensus definition of predatory journals and publishers.DesignThis is a modified three-round Delphi survey delivered online for the first two rounds and in-person for the third round. Questions encompassed three themes: (1) predatory journal definition; (2) educational outreach and policy initiatives on predatory publishing; and (3) developing technological solutions to stop submissions to predatory journals and other low-quality journals.ParticipantsThrough snowball and purposive sampling of targeted experts, we identified 45 noted experts in predatory journals and journalology. The international group included funders, academics and representatives of academic institutions, librarians and information scientists, policy makers, journal editors, publishers, researchers involved in studying predatory journals and legitimate journals, and patient partners. In addition, 198 authors of articles discussing predatory journals were invited to participate in round 1.ResultsA total of 115 individuals (107 in round 1 and 45 in rounds 2 and 3) completed the survey on predatory journals and publishers. We reached consensus on 18 items out of a total of 33 to be included in a consensus definition of predatory journals and publishers. We came to consensus on educational outreach and policy initiatives on which to focus, including the development of a single checklist to detect predatory journals and publishers, and public funding to support research in this general area. We identified technological solutions to address the problem: a ‘one-stop-shop’ website to consolidate information on the topic and a ‘predatory journal research observatory’ to identify ongoing research and analysis about predatory journals/publishers.ConclusionsIn bringing together an international group of diverse stakeholders, we were able to use a modified Delphi process to inform the development of a definition of predatory journals and publishers. This definition will help institutions, funders and other stakeholders generate practical guidance on avoiding predatory journals and publishers.
Towards a precision psychiatry approach to anxiety disorders with ecological momentary assessment: the example of panic disorder
Authors: Robinaugh Donald J , Brown Mackenzie L , Losiewicz Olivia M , Jones Payton J , Marques Luana , Baker Amanda W 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundTreatments for anxiety disorders are among the most effective in psychiatry. Yet, there is considerable room for improvement.AimIn this paper, we discuss the value of ecological momentary assessment as a research method and clinical tool.MethodsWe begin by describing ecological momentary assessment and its advantages, including the ability to collect ecologically valid information about mental disorders, in real time, in individual patients. We then illustrate the value of this approach for anxiety disorder treatment using two patients with panic disorder who completed ecological momentary assessments for 2 weeks before and after a cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention. We focus especially on two key pieces of information provided by ecological momentary assessment data: information about symptom dynamics and information about the relationships among symptoms as they unfold over time within individual patients.PerspectiveAlthough considerable work is needed to further develop this methodology in the context of anxiety disorder treatment, we believe that these pieces of information may ultimately inform our understanding of how anxiety disorder treatments have their effect and how those treatments can be tailored to individual patients.
Discovery of the gut microbial signature driving the efficacy of prebiotic intervention in obese patients
Authors: Rodriguez Julie , Hiel Sophie , Neyrinck Audrey M , Le Roy Tiphaine , Pötgens Sarah A , Leyrolle Quentin , Pachikian Barbara D , Gianfrancesco Marco A , Cani Patrice D , Paquot Nicolas , Cnop Miriam , Lanthier Nicolas , Thissen Jean-Paul , Bindels Laure B , Delzenne Nathalie M 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe gut microbiota has been proposed as an interesting therapeutic target for metabolic disorders. Inulin as a prebiotic has been shown to lessen obesity and related diseases. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether preintervention gut microbiota characteristics determine the physiological response to inulin.DesignThe stools from four obese donors differing by microbial diversity and composition were sampled before the dietary intervention and inoculated to antibiotic-pretreated mice (hum-obmice; humanised obese mice).Hum-obmice were fed with a high-fat diet and treated with inulin. Metabolic and microbiota changes on inulin treatment inhum-obmice were compared with those obtained in a cohort of obese individuals supplemented with inulin for 3 months.ResultsWe show thathum-obmice colonised with the faecal microbiota from different obese individuals differentially respond to inulin supplementation on a high-fat diet. Among several bacterial genera,Barnesiella, Bilophila, Butyricimonas, Victivallis, Clostridium XIVa, Akkermansia,RaoultellaandBlautiacorrelated with the observed metabolic outcomes (decrease in adiposity and hepatic steatosis) inhum-obmice. In addition, in obese individuals, the preintervention levels ofAnaerostipes, AkkermansiaandButyricicoccusdrive the decrease of body mass index in response to inulin.ConclusionThese findings support that characterising the gut microbiota prior to nutritional intervention with prebiotics is important to increase the positive outcome in the context of obesity and metabolic disorders.
Current status of clinician-educator tracks in internal medicine residency programmes
Authors: Daaboul Yazan , Lin Amy , Vitale Kelly , Snydman Laura K 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundResidents in internal medicine programmes lack formal training in leadership, curriculum development and clinical teaching. Residency programmes created clinician-educator tracks (CETs) to formally teach residents to become effective educators and to involve them in the science of medical education. However, the curricula in these tracks are often locally developed and remain at the discretion of the individual programmes.MethodsThis survey evaluates the frequency of CETs in internal medicine residency programmes in the USA and descriptively analyses their logistical and curricular content. During the academic year 2017–2018, directors of all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited internal medicine residency programmes in the USA were invited to participate in this survey (n=420). We developed a web-based 22-question survey to assess the logistics and curricular content of CET programmes.ResultsA total of 150 programmes responded to the survey invitation (response rate=35.7%). Only 24% (n=36) of programmes offered a CET, the majority of which have been available for only 5 years or less. The track is most frequently offered to postgraduate year (PGY)-2 and PGY-3 residents. Only a minority of participating faculty (27.8%) have protected time to fulfil their CET role. Bedside teaching, feedback, small group teaching and curriculum development are the most commonly taught topics, and faculty mentorship and small group teaching methods are the most commonly used types of instruction.ConclusionsCETs are offered in only 24% of internal medicine residency programmes in the USA. The curricula of these tracks vary across programmes, and their success is often countered by logistic and financial challenges.
Nut Consumption and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Long Jieyi , Ji Zhi , Yuan Peihong , Long Tingting , Liu Ke , Li Jiaoyuan , Cheng Liming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground:Epidemiologic studies have investigated the association between nut intake and risk for multiple cancers. However, current findings are inconsistent and no definite conclusion has been drawn from prospective studies. We therefore conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between nut consumption and risk of cancer.Methods:Prospective studies reporting associations between nut intake and risk for all types of cancer were identified by searching Web of Science and PubMed databases up to June 2019. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and then pooled across the studies using a random-effect model. A dose–response analysis was modeled by performing restricted cubic splines when data were available.Results:Thirty-three studies that included more than 50,000 cancer cases were eligible for the analysis. When comparing the highest with the lowest category of nut intake, high consumption of nuts was significantly associated with decreased risk of overall cancer (RR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.95). The protective effect of nut consumption was especially apparent against cancers from the digestive system (RR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89). Among different nut classes, significant association was only obtained for intake of tree nuts. We also observed a linear dose–response relationship between nut consumption and cancer: Per 20 g/day increase in nut consumption was related to a 10% (RR = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.99) decrease in cancer risk.Conclusions:Our analysis demonstrated an inverse association of dietary nut consumption with cancer risk, especially for cancers from the digestive system.Impact:This study highlights the protective effect of nuts against cancer.
The Sundowner Winds Experiment (SWEX) Pilot Study: Understanding Downslope Windstorms in the Santa Ynez Mountains, Santa Barbara, California
Authors: Carvalho Leila , Duine Gert-Jan , Jones Charles , Zigner Katelyn , Clements Craig , Kane Heather , Gore Chloe , Bell Garret , Gamelin Brandi , Gomberg Dave , Hall Todd , Jackson Mark , Dumas John , Boldt Eric , Hazard Rob , Enos Woody 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSundowner winds are downslope gusty winds often observed on the southern slopes of the Santa Ynez Mountains (SYM) in coastal Santa Barbara (SB), California. They typically peak near sunset and exhibit characteristics of downslope windstorms through the evening. They are SB’s most critical fire weather in all seasons and represent a major hazard for aviation. The Sundowner Winds Experiment Pilot Study was designed to evaluate vertical profiles of winds, temperature, humidity, and stability leeward of the SYM during a Sundowner event. This was accomplished by launching 3-hourly radiosondes during a significant Sundowner event on 28–29 April 2018. This study showed that winds in the lee of the SYM exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns. Vertical profiles showed a transition from humid onshore winds from morning to midafternoon to very pronounced offshore winds during the evening after sunset. These winds accompanied mountain waves and a northerly nocturnal lee jet with variable temporal behavior. Around sunset, the jet was characterized by strong wind speeds enhanced by mountain-wave breaking. Winds weakened considerably at 2300 PDT 29 April but enhanced dramatically at 0200 PDT 29 April at much lower elevations. These transitions were accompanied by changes in stability profiles and in the Richardson number. A simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at 1-km grid spacing was examined to evaluate the skill of the model in capturing the observed winds and stability profiles and to assess mesoscale processes associated with this event. These results advanced understanding on Sundowner’s spatiotemporal characteristics and driving mechanisms.
Drivers’ Spatio-Temporal Attentional Distributions Are Influenced by Vehicle Dynamics and Displayed Point of View
Authors: Morrison Tyler N. , Rizzi Emanuele , Turkkan O. Anil , Jagacinski Richard J. , Su Haijun , Wang Junmin 
Published: February 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to measure drivers’ attention to preview and their velocity and acceleration tracking error to evaluate two- and three-dimensional displays for following a winding roadway. Background Display perturbation techniques and Fourier analysis of steering movements can be used to infer drivers’ spatio-temporal distribution of attention to preview. Fourier analysis of tracking error time histories provides measures of position, velocity, and acceleration error. Method Participants tracked a winding roadway with 1 s of preview in low-fidelity driving simulations. Position and rate-aided vehicle dynamics were paired with top-down and windshield displays of the roadway. Results For both vehicle dynamics, tracking was smoother with the windshield display. This display emphasizes nearer preview positions and has a closer correspondence to the control-theoretic optimal attentional distributions for these tasks than the top-down display. This correspondence is interpreted as a form of stimulus–response compatibility. The position error and attentional signal-to-noise ratios did not differ between the two displays with position control, but with more complex rate-aided control much higher position error and much lower attentional signal-to-noise ratios occurred with the top-down display. Conclusion Display-driven influences on the distribution of attention may facilitate tracking with preview when they are similar to optimal attentional distributions derived from control theory. Application Display perturbation techniques can be used to assess spatially distributed attention to evaluate displays and secondary tasks in the context of driving. This methodology can supplement eye movement measurements to determine what information is guiding drivers’ actions.
Investigation and Response to an Outbreak of Dengue: Island of Hawaii, 2015-2016
Authors: Johnston David I. , Viray Melissa A. , Ushiroda Jenny M. , He Hua , Whelen A. Christian , Sciulli Rebecca H. , Kunimoto Gail Y. , Y. Park Sarah 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: From September 2015 through March 2016, Hawaii had the largest outbreak of locally transmitted dengue since 1944. We report on the Hawaii Department of Health’s (HDOH’s) investigation, findings, and response to the outbreak. Methods: We defined cases of dengue using a modified version of the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists’ case definition for dengue virus infections. We conducted epidemiologic investigations, including interviews with case-persons, review of medical records, laboratory testing, genetic sequencing of specimens, and geographic information system (GIS) data analysis. Outbreak response included community outreach and vector-control activities. Results: We identified 264 confirmed cases of dengue; illness onset dates ranged from September 11, 2015, to March 17, 2016, all with reported travel to or residence on the Island of Hawaii. Of 264 persons with confirmed dengue, 238 (90.2%) were Hawaii residents. Thirty-seven (14.0%) persons required hospitalization; no cases of severe dengue or death were reported. GIS hot-spot analysis identified a cluster of cases on the western side of the island. Established risk factors for dengue exposure included holes in window or door screens, presence of standing water, and not using insect repellent or wearing protective clothing. Conclusions: To prevent or mitigate the spread of future arboviral introductions and outbreaks, the public health response should focus on behavioral and cultural attitudes, emphasizing personal mosquito protection and mosquito control at the community level. Outbreak responses can also be enhanced through the use of advanced GIS techniques, such as hot-spot analysis, to provide situational awareness and guide response efforts.
Seasonal variation in the frequency of venous thromboembolism: An updated result of a meta-analysis and systemic review
Authors: Zhao Haibin , Li Yeni , Wu Manli , Ren Weidong , Ji Chao , Miao Hongyan , Han Yanshuo 
Published: February 2020

Objective Venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is likely to cause the death of both medical and surgical patients. Despite some evidence of seasonal variation in the incidence of venous thromboembolism, the existing studies obtain contradictory results. A temporal pattern for pulmonary embolism is known, but data on deep vein thrombosis are inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to make a meta-analysis and systematically review the literature about seasonal variations of pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis in order to objectively diagnose venous thromboembolism. Methods According to dichotomous data, risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism in different seasons. The research was classified according to pulmonary embolism mortality, pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis incidence, latitude/elevation/climatic types, and monthly incidence for four subgroup comparisons. There were a total of 23 eligible studies, in which 40,309 patients with venous thromboembolism were compared. Results The pooled total venous thromboembolism incidence was 27.2% in winter, 23.1% in spring, 24.6% in summer, and 25.1% in autumn. According to the results of pooled analysis, the incidence of venous thromboembolism in winter was much higher than that in summer (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01–1.24, adjusted P = .04), especially deep vein thrombosis. Moreover, the incidence of venous thromboembolism in summer and autumn was lower than that in winter in low-latitude (<200 m) areas and median low-latitude (0–50°-N) areas. Interestingly, the frequency of pulmonary embolism mortality was the largest in spring and smallest in summer (spring > winter ≈ autumn > summer). For monthly data, a statistically significantly lower incidence of venous thromboembolism was observed in May and July than in October. Conclusions The study revealed a significantly higher incidence of venous thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis in winter than in summer. Pulmonary embolism mortality occurred more frequently in spring than during other seasons. A statistically significantly lower incidence of venous thromboembolism was observed in May and July compared with that in October.
Phase I randomized single-blinded controlled study investigating the potential benefit of aerobic exercise in degenerative cerebellar disease
Authors: Barbuto Scott , Martelli Dario , Omofuma Isarime Babajide , Lee Nancy , Kuo Sheng-Han , Agrawal Sunil , Lee Seonjoo , O’Dell Michael , Stein Joel 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: To investigate whether people with cerebellar degeneration can perform rigorous aerobic exercise and to assess the clinical impact of training. Design: Randomized single-blinded controlled, feasibility study comparing aerobic training to no training. Setting: Home intervention, assessments conducted at an academic medical center. Subjects: Twenty individuals with cerebellar degeneration caused by a range of genetic disorders. Intervention: Aerobic training consisted of four weeks of stationary bicycle training, five times per week for 30-minute sessions. Intensity ranged from 65% to 80% of the participant’s maximal heart rate determined during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Main measures: Primary outcome measure was change in the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores. Recruitment rate, adherence, drop-out, and adverse events were also determined. The treatment was considered technically feasible if participants achieved target training frequency, duration, and intensity. Results: The 20 participants mean age was 50 years (standard deviation 15.65 years) and average Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score was 9.6 (standard deviation 3.13). Ten participants were randomized to aerobic training and 10 to no training. Seven participants in the aerobic group attained target training duration, frequency, and intensity. There was a mean reduction in ataxia severity of 2.1 points (standard deviation 1.26) with four weeks of aerobic training, whereas ataxia severity increased by 0.3 (standard deviation 0.62) in the control group over the same period. Walking speed, balance measures, and fitness also improved in individuals who performed aerobic exercise. Conclusions: Rigorous aerobic training is feasible in people with cerebellar degeneration. Improvements in ataxia, balance, and gait are promising.
A Pilot Study on Diagnostic Radiology Residency Case Volumes From a Canadian Perspective: A Marker of Resident Knowledge
Authors: Kwan Benjamin Y. M. , Mussari Benedetto , Moore Pam , Meilleur Lynne , Islam Omar , Menard Alexandre , Soboleski Don , Cofie Nicholas 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: New guidelines from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) have proposed minimum case volumes to be obtained during residency. While radiology residency programs in Canada are accredited by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, there are currently no minimum case volumes standards for radiology residency training in Canada. New changes in residency training throughout Canada are coming in the form of competency-based medical education. Using data from a pilot study, this article examines radiology resident case volumes among recently graduated cohorts of residents and determines whether there is a correlation between case volumes and measures of resident success. Materials and Methods: Resident case volumes for 3 cohorts of graduated residents (2016-2018) were extracted from the institutional database. Achievement of minimum case volumes based on the ACGME guidelines was performed for each resident. Pearson correlation analysis (n = 9) was performed to examine the relationships between resident case volumes and markers of resident success including residents’ relative knowledge ranking and their American College of Radiology (ACR) in-training exam scores. Results: A statistically significant, positive correlation was observed between residents’ case volume and their relative knowledge ranking ( r = 0.682, P < .05). Residents’ relative knowledge ranking was also statistically significant and positively correlated with their ACR in-training percentile score ( r = 0.715, P < .05). Conclusions: This study suggests that residents who interpret more cases are more likely to demonstrate higher knowledge, thereby highlighting the utility of case volumes as a prognostic marker of resident success. As well, the results underscore the potential use of ACGME minimum case volumes as a prognostic marker. These findings can inform future curriculum planning and development in radiology residency training programs.