bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Arion vulgaris pedal gland system
Authors: Greistorfer Sophie , Suppan Johannes , Cyran Norbert , Klepal Waltraud , Farkas Robert , Rudoll Livia , von Byern Janek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe most common European gastropod species, Arion vulgaris, is one of the most troublesome pests for private garden owners and commercial agriculturists. The sticky and hard to remove secretion produced by these animals allows them to overcome most artificial and natural barriers. However, this highly adherent biopolymer has recently shown great potential for novel wound‐healing applications in medicine. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the underlying gland system is still limited and few studies on the ventral gland system are available. We studied the lateral and ventral pedal glands in Arion vulgaris to determine their secretory content histochemically and through lectin assays. Using these histological and histochemical methods we differentiate five gland types with different mucus composition in the lateral pedal region of the foot of Arion vulgaris. These contain sulphated and carboxylated mucosubstances (positive Alcian blue staining) but lack hexose‐containing mucosubstances (negative PAS staining). In the ventral pedal region, four gland types can be differentiated producing sulphated and carboxylated mucosubstances. Within the ventral mucus, a high affinity for the lectins PNA and WGA is observed. While the lateral glands are histochemically negative for PAS, a positive staining with the lectin JAC is observed. Arion vulgaris shows clear morphological differences from other arionid species. This raises the question whether the variation in the chemistry of the secretory material and mucus composition is the result of different functions and/or is related to the animals' different environmental conditions. A comparison of some glands of Arion vulgaris with those of the helicid species Helix pomatia and Cepaea hortensis indicates morphological similarities.
The potential impacts of early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on KSHV‐infected cells
Authors: Dai Lu , Jung Bock‐Gie , Chen Jungang , Samten Buka , Forrest James Craig , Post Steven R. , Qin Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes several human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma, which are mostly seen in immunocompromised patients, such as human immunodefeciency virus (HIV)+ individuals. Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The risk of developing TB is dramatically higher in people living with HIV than among those without HIV infection. Case reports link cutaneous or pulmonary KS in HIV+ patients with mycobacterial co‐infections, however, impacts of Mtb infection or its products on KSHV‐infected cells are not known. We report here that ESAT‐6, a secreted Mtb virulence factor, induces viral reactivation from KSHV‐infected cells. KSHV‐infected pulmonary endothelial cells were resistant to ESAT‐6 induced inhibition of cell growth. Our data demonstrate that Mtb virulence factors influence the biology of KSHV‐infected cells, highlighting the need to study the interactions between these two pathogens commonly found in people living with HIV.
Development of a monoclonal antibody‐based antigen capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus
Authors: Yang Fan , Xiao Yixin , Liu Fumin , Yao Hangping , Wu Nanping , Wu Haibo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo establish a rapid detection method for H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against hemagglutinin (HA) of H7N9 were developed to establish an antigen‐capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (AC‐ELISA). AC‐ELISA achieved high specificity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 3.9 ng/mL for H7N9 HA protein (A/Zhejiang/DTID‐ZJU01/2013), and 2−2 HA unit/100 μL for live H7N9 AIV. The inter‐ and intra‐assay coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Compared with conventional virus isolation detection, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.96% and 88.24%, respectively. AC‐ELISA proved to be a rapid and practical technique for the detection of H7N9 AIV.
Factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting in women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: Systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: de Albuquerque Coelho Suelene Costa , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira , de Araujo Camila Carvalho , Juliato Cássia Raquel Teatin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify the factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting and reasons for discontinuation for women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsThis systematic review is registered at the PROSPERO database. We have included all studies, regardless of the study design whose primary outcomes were factors associated with unsuccessful pessary fitting and discontinuation for symptomatic POP women. Exclusion criteria were case series, literature reviews, other forms of conservative treatment. Data selection/extraction was performed by two investigators. For pessary fitting, a meta‐analysis was performed for at least two studies pooled in a forest plot. The risk of bias was classified by the ROBINS‐I and ROB‐2 classification.ResultsFrom 409 studies retrieved after data search, only twenty‐one articles remained for final analysis (18 cohort studies, 1 cross‐sectional study, and 2 RCTs). Meta‐analysis was performed in nine studies for pessary fitting and the associated factors were: higher body mass index (BMI) (MD = 0.688 [0.233‐1.143]; P = .03; i2 = 0%), previous reconstructive surgery (OR = 1.705 [1.016‐2.860]; P = .043; i2 = 69%) and advanced POP (OR = 4.2 [2.9‐6.1]; P < .05; i2 = 92%). Older age, larger total vaginal length (TVL), and genital hiatus and previous hysterectomy were not associated factors. Regarding discontinuation, thirteen reasons were quoted, and the most frequent were: the desire for surgical treatment (111/3.601), pessary extrusion (385/3.601), and pain/discomfort (163/3.601).ConclusionObese, previously reconstructive pelvic surgery, advanced prolapse are at risk for unsuccessful pessary fitting. Pain is the most quoted reason for discontinuation. These pooled data may help clinicians to identify patients that may not succeed in their attempt for pessary treatment.
Integration of mental health screening and treatment into cystic fibrosis clinics: Evaluation of initial implementation in 84 programs across the United States
Authors: Quittner Alexandra L. , Abbott Janice , Hussain Saida , Ong Thida , Uluer Ahmet , Hempstead Sarah , Lomas Paula , Smith Beth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundA large‐scale epidemiological study of 6088 individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 4102 caregivers in nine countries documented elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety, leading to international guidelines for annual screening and follow‐up. To facilitate national implementation, 84 CF programs funded a mental health coordinators (MHC). Implementation was evaluated after 1 year using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to identify facilitators and barriers.MethodsA 45‐item internet survey was developed to assess relevant CFIR implementation steps. Surveys were completed in 2016. It assessed five domains tailored to study aims: (a) Intervention characteristics, (b) outer setting, (c) inner setting, (d) characteristics of individuals, and (e) process of implementation.ResultsResponse rate was 88%, with pediatric and adult programs equally represented. A majority of MHCs were social workers (54.1%) and psychologists (41.9%); 41% had joined the team in the past year. Facilitators across the five domains included universal uptake of screening tools, greater awareness and detection of psychological symptoms, reduced stigma, and positive feedback from patients and families. Barriers included limited staff time, space, and logistics.DiscussionThis is the largest systematic effort to integrate mental health screening and treatment into the care of individuals with a serious, chronic illness and their caregivers. MHCs implementing screening, interpretation and follow‐up reported positive results, and significant barriers. This national implementation effort demonstrated that depression and anxiety can be efficiently evaluated and treated in a complex, chronic disease. Future efforts include recommending the addition of screening scores to national CF Registries and examining their effects on health outcomes.
Neuroendocrine differentiation in usual‐type prostatic adenocarcinoma: Molecular characterization and clinical significance
Authors: Kaur Harsimar , Samarska Iryna , Lu Jiayun , Faisal Farzana , Maughan Benjamin L. , Murali Sanjana , Asrani Kaushal , Alshalalfa Mohamed , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Epstein Jonathan I. , Joshu Corinne E. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Lotan Tamara L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmall cell neuroendocrine (NE) carcinomas of the prostate classically lose androgen receptor (AR) expression, may harbor loss of the RB1, TP53, and PTEN tumor suppressor genes, and are associated with a poor prognosis. However usual‐type adenocarcinomas may also contain areas of NE differentiation, and in this context the molecular features and biological significance are less certain.MethodsWe examined the molecular phenotype and oncologic outcomes of primary prostate adenocarcinomas with ≥5% NE differentiation (≥5% chromogranin A‐positive NE cells in any given tumor spot on tissue microarray) using three independent study sets: a set of tumors with paneth cell‐like NE differentiation (n = 26), a retrospective case‐cohort of intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients enriched for adverse outcomes (n = 267), and primary tumors from a retrospective series of men with eventual castration‐resistant metastatic prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide (n = 55).ResultsBenign NE cells expressed significantly lower quantified AR levels compared with paired benign luminal cells (P < .001). Similarly, paneth‐like NE carcinoma cells or carcinoma cells expressing chromogranin A expressed significantly lower quantified AR levels than paired non‐NE carcinoma cells (P < .001). Quantified ERG protein expression, was also lower in chromogranin A‐labeled adenocarcinoma cells compared with unlabeled cells (P < .001) and tumors with NE differentiation showed lower gene expression scores for AR activity compared with those without. Despite evidence of lower AR signaling, adenocarcinomas with NE differentiation did not differ by prevalence of TP53 missense mutations, or PTEN or RB1 loss, compared with those without NE differentiation. Finally, NE differentiation was not associated with time to metastasis in intermediate‐ and high‐risk patients (P = .6 on multivariate analysis), nor with progression‐free survival in patients with CRPC treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide (P = .9).ConclusionNE differentiation in usual‐type primary prostate adenocarcinoma is a molecularly and clinically distinct form of lineage plasticity from that occurring in small cell NE carcinoma.
Baseline susceptibility and resistance allele frequency in Ostrinia furnacalis related to Cry1 toxins in the Huanghuaihai summer corn region of China
Authors: Li Guoping , Huang Jianrong , Ji Tingjie , Tian Caihong , Zhao Xincheng , Feng Hongqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOstrinia furnacalis (Guenée) is one of the most destructive pests of corn and is a major target of transgenic corn expressing Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) toxins in the Huanghuaihai summer corn region of China. Prior to the widespread commercialization of transgenic Bt corn, it is necessary to estimate baseline susceptibility to Bt toxins and Bt toxin resistance allele frequencies in O. furnacalis.RESULTSThe median lethal concentration (LC50) values of the Bt toxins Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F for 15 different populations ranged from 0.887 to 1.617, 1.251 to 2.594 and 4.146 to 6.465 ng cm−2, respectively. The LC99 values of 93, 45, and 197 ng cm−2 for Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F, respectively, killed > 99% of individuals of eight O. furnacalis populations collected in 2017 and were identified as diagnostic concentrations for monitoring susceptibility in O. furnacalis populations in this region. Using the F2 screening method with these diagnostic concentrations, the resistance allele frequencies related to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F were found to be 0.002 (0.000283–0.006484), 0.001 (0.000030–0.004295) and 0.001 (0.000030–0.004295), respectively, in 2018.CONCLUSIONFifteen populations of O. furnacalis collected in the Huanghuaihai summer corn region of China were all susceptible to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F toxins, and the susceptibility showed no significant variation among these O. furnacalis populations. The estimated resistance allele frequency to Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1F was rare in this region. This provided essential knowledge for making the decision to commercialize Bt maize, and monitoring resistance development and evaluating resistance management strategies in the future in the Huanghuaihai summer corn region of China. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Cytochrome P450s CYP380C6 and CYP380C9 in green peach aphid facilitate its adaptation to indole glucosinolate‐mediated plant defense
Authors: Ji Rui , Lei Jiaxin , Chen Ivy W , Sang Wen , Yang Shiying , Fang Jichao , Zhu‐Salzman Keyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOverexpressing CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (CCA1‐ox) increases indole glucosinolate production and resistance to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Little is known of how aphids respond to this group of plant defense compounds or of the underlying molecular mechanism.ResultsAphids reared on CCA1‐ox for over 40 generations (namely the CCA population) became less susceptible to CCA1‐ox than aphids maintained on the wild‐type Col‐0 (namely the COL population). This elevated tolerance was transgenerational as it remained for at least eight generations after the CCA population was transferred to Col‐0. Intriguingly, transcriptome analysis indicated that all differential cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes (MpCYPs), primarily MpCYP4s, MpCYP380s and MpCYP6s, were more highly expressed in the CCA population. Application of a P450 inhibitor to the CCA population resulted in decreased aphid reproduction on CCA1‐ox, which was not observed if aphids were reared on Col‐0. When indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in CCA1‐ox was blocked using virus‐induced gene silencing, the effect of the P450 inhibitor on the CCA population was attenuated, affirming the essential role played by MpCYPs in counteracting the defense mechanism in CCA1‐ox that is low or absent in Col‐0. Furthermore, we used host‐induced gene silencing to identify MpCYP380C6 and MpCYP380C9 that specifically facilitated the CCA population to cope with CCA1‐mediated plant defense. Expression profiles revealed their possible contribution to the transgenerational tolerance observed in aphids.ConclusionMpCYP380C6 and MpCYP380C9 in aphids play a crucial role in mitigating indole glucosinolate‐mediated plant defense, and this effect is transgenerational.
Simulation of overflow thresholds in urban basins: Case study in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
Authors: Silva Cervantes Moisés , Hernando Ana , García‐Abril Antonio , Valbuena Rubén , Velázquez Saornil Javier , Manzanera José Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe space–time dynamics and the effect of urban growth on territory transformation were simulated with Iber 2D to analyze flooding events in the lower basin of the Sabinal River, Mexico. We classified the main coverages and land uses of the study area. Soil roughness and water infiltration in the soil were evaluated. Both values were used as input data in a simulation model with Iber 2D to analyze and compare the levels of water height and maximum flood level area with different precipitation values in two reference years, 1986 and 2014. Residential use land cover increased considerably while tree, pasture and agricultural use covers decreased. Consequently, in 2014, precipitation of similar magnitude led to higher values of direct runoff, increasing water levels and therefore the risk of overflowing. The water levels and moments of river overflow provided feedback for flood‐risk warning systems and tools to monitor basins lacking adequate infrastructure.
The lost moral purpose of science education
Authors: Rudolph John L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the rise of mass schooling in the 19th century, Americans have advocated for the teaching of science at nearly every level of the educational system. The reasons for its inclusion in the school curriculum, though, have varied over the years. The argument in the mid 1800s, for example, centered on the utilitarian value of scientific knowledge for industry and everyday affairs, while in the 1950s the study of science was viewed as important for building public support for research in the United States. Towards the end of the 19th century there was a period of time when the predominant argument for science instruction rested on a moral purpose—the building of character and personal virtue. For early proponents of science education, moral uplift came from student engagement in the process of science—in coming to face the facts of the natural world that were the basis for the discovery of truth. This essay explores whether such goals for teaching science might once again have a place at a time when scientific expertize and knowledge are increasingly being minimized or dismissed.
PFACC: An OpenACC‐like programming model for irregular nested parallelism
Authors: Huang Ming Hsiang , Yang Wuu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryOpenACC is a directive‐based programming model which allows programmers to write graphic processing unit (GPU) programs by simply annotating parallel loops. However, OpenACC has poor support for irregular nested parallel loops, which are natural choices to express nested parallelism. We propose PFACC, a programming model similar to OpenACC. PFACC directives can be used to annotate parallel loops and to guide data movement between different levels of memory hierarchy. Parallel loops can be arbitrarily nested or be placed inside functions that would be (possibly recursively) called in other parallel loops. The PFACC translator translates C programs with PFACC directives into CUDA programs by inserting runtime iteration‐sharing and memory allocation routines. The PFACC runtime iteration‐sharing routine is a two‐level mechanism. Thread blocks dynamically organize loop iterations into batches and execute the batches in a depth‐first order. Different thread blocks share iterations among one another with an iteration‐stealing mechanism. PFACC generates CUDA programs with reasonable memory usage because of the depth‐first execution order. The two‐level iteration‐sharing mechanism is implemented purely in software and fits well with the CUDA thread hierarchy. Experiments show that PFACC outperforms CUDA dynamic parallelism in terms of performance and code size on most benchmarks.
Automatic Versus Manual Forwarding in Web Surveys - A Cognitive Load Perspective on Satisficing Responding
Authors: Selkälä Arto , Callegaro Mario , Couper Mick P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We examine the satisficing respondent behavior and cognitive load of the participants in particular web survey interfaces applying automatic forwarding (AF) or manual forwarding (MF) in order to forward respondents to the next item. We create a theoretical framework based on the Cognitive Load theory (CLT), Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) and Survey Satisficing Theory taken also into account the latest findings of cognitive neuroscience. We develop a new method in order to measure satisficing responding in web surveys. We argue that the cognitive response process in web surveys should be interpreted starting at the level of sensory memory instead of at the level of working memory. This approach allows researchers to analyze an accumulation of cognitive load across the questionnaire based on observed or hypothesized eye-movements taken into account the interface design of the web survey. We find MF reducing both average item level response times as well as the standard deviation of item-level response times. This suggests support for our hypothesis that the MF interface as a more complex design including previous and next buttons increases satisficing responding generating also the higher total cognitive load of respondents. The findings reinforce the view in HCI that reducing the complexity of interfaces and the presence of extraneous elements reduces cognitive load and facilitates the concentration of cognitive resources on the task at hand. It should be noted that the evidence is based on a relatively short survey among university students. Replication in other settings is recommended.
Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in peripheral leukocytes and therapeutic response of heel spur patients treated by orthovoltage X-rays or a linear accelerator
Authors: Zahnreich Sebastian , Rösler Hans-Peter , Schwanbeck Carina , Karle Heiko , Schmidberger Heinz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Biodosimetric assessment and comparison of radiation-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks (DSBs) by γH2AX immunostaining in peripheral leukocytes of patients with painful heel spur after radiation therapy (RT) with orthovoltage X‑rays or a 6-MV linear accelerator (linac). The treatment response for each RT technique was monitored as a secondary endpoint.

Patients and methods
22 patients were treated either with 140-kV orthovoltage X‑rays (n = 11) or a 6-MV linac (n = 11) with two weekly fractions of 0.5 Gy for 3 weeks. In both scenarios, the dose was prescribed to the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) dose reference point. Blood samples were obtained before and 30 min after the first RT session. γH2AX foci were quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy to assess the yield of DSBs at the basal level and after radiation exposure ex vivo or in vivo. The treatment response was assessed before and 3 months after RT using a five-level functional calcaneodynia score.

Results
RT for painful heel spurs induced a very mild but significant increase of γH2AX foci in patients’ leukocytes. No difference between the RT techniques was observed. High and comparable therapeutic responses were documented for both treatment modalities. This trial was terminated preliminarily after an interim analysis (22 patients randomized).

Conclusion
Low-dose RT for painful heel spurs with orthovoltage X‑rays or a 6-MV linac is an effective treatment option associated with a very low and comparable radiation burden to the patient, as confirmed by biodosimetric measurements.