bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implantable Bioresponsive Nanoarray Enhances Postsurgical Immunotherapy by Activating Pyroptosis and Remodeling Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Zhao Hongjuan , Song Qingling , Zheng Cuixia , Zhao Beibei , Wu Lixia , Feng Qianhua , Zhang Zhenzhong , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the potential of drug‐loaded scaffolds for tumor recurrence and metastasis (TRM) postoperation, their therapeutic benefits are limited by marked immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME) and drug‐related untargeted toxicity. Herein, an innovative implantable bioresponsive nanoarray is developed to overcome the above limitations. Chemotherapeutics doxorubicin (DOX) and the epigenetic modulator JQ1 are coloaded into tumor‐targeting nanoparticles (HP‐DOX/JQ1 NPs), which are then linked up through a bio‐responsive linker to construct the nanoarray loading with another part of JQ1 (DOX/JQ1‐IBRN). Under high level of H2O2 in TME, the implanted DOX/JQ1‐IBRN disaggregates and release JQ1 while generating small‐sized HP‐DOX/JQ1 NPs for realizing ITME modulation and tumor‐targeting therapy. JQ1 selectively blocks programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) mediated immune evasion and reduces regulatory T cells (Tregs)/‐disruptive effect to facilitate immunopositivity. HP‐DOX/JQ1 NPs destroy residual tumor precisely and trigger gasdermin E (GSDME)‐dependent pyroptosis, further enhancing the number and functions of tumor‐infiltrating T lymphocytes for antitumor immunity. It is demonstrated that DOX/JQ1‐IBRN prevents post‐surgical TRM and prolongs survival in multiple murine tumor models with negligible toxicity. This cooperation in tumor accurate pyroptosis and ITME conversion through the implantable nanoarray (a simple, valid, and safe scaffold) is expected to provide crucial insights for post‐surgical treatment.
Origin of the Distinct Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Chalcopyrite ABTe2 (A = Cu, Ag; B = Ga, In)
Authors: Cao Yu , Su Xianli , Meng Fanchen , Bailey Trevor P. , Zhao Jinggeng , Xie Hongyao , He Jian , Uher Ctirad , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the same crystal structure and homologous constituent elements, the chalcopyrite compounds ABTe2 (A = Cu, Ag; B = Ga, In) exhibit distinct electronic and thermal transport properties. The aim of this work is to understand the origin of such discrepancy employing experiments and theoretical calculations. The results of Hall coefficient measurements, absorption spectroscopy, and electronic transport studies suggest the deep‐level in‐gap states induced by the native A‐site vacancies play a key role in the observed intrinsic semiconductor to degenerate semiconductor transition and are the origins of the distinct electrical conductivity among ABTe2 compounds. In addition, the cryogenic heat capacity measurements and calculated phonon dispersion relations show that the acoustic and low‐frequency optical modes of AgGaTe2 and AgInTe2 are governed by the vibrations of AgTe clusters while the counterparts of CuGaTe2 and CuInTe2 compounds are dominated by the vibrations of Te atoms, and the coupling between the acoustic and low‐frequency optical modes is notably different among ABTe2 compounds. Specifically, lower avoided‐crossing frequencies, lower sound velocity together with stronger Umklapp process yield lower thermal conductivities of AgGaTe2 and AgInTe2 than CuGaTe2 and CuInTe2. This work provides new insights into the understanding and improvement of electrical and thermal properties toward higher thermoelectric performance of chalcopyrite compounds.
Transparent Fused Nanowire Electrodes by Condensation Coefficient Modulation
Authors: Lee Jaemin , Varagnolo Silvia , Walker Marc , Hatton Ross A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSilver nanowire networks can offer exceptionally high performance as transparent electrodes for stretchable sensors, flexible optoelectronics, and energy harvesting devices. However, this type of electrode suffers from the triple drawbacks of complexity of fabrication, instability of the nanowire junctions, and high surface roughness, which limit electrode performance and utility. Here, a new concept in the fabrication of silver nanowire electrodes is reported that simultaneously addresses all three of these drawbacks, based on an electrospun nanofiber network and supporting substrate having silver vapor condensation coefficients of one and near‐zero, respectively. Consequently, when the whole substrate is exposed to silver vapor by simple thermal evaporation, metal selectively deposits onto the nanofiber network. The advantage of this approach is the simplicity, since there is no mask, chemical or dry metal etching step, or mesh transfer step. Additionally, the contact resistance between nanowires is zero and the surface roughness is sufficiently low for integration into organic photovoltaic devices. This new concept opens the door to continuous roll‐to‐roll fabrication of high‐performance fused silver nanowire electrodes for myriad potential applications.
Ultraflexible, Degradable Organic Synaptic Transistors Based on Natural Polysaccharides for Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Yang Yahan , Zhao Xiaoli , Zhang Cong , Tong Yanhong , Hu Junli , Zhang Hui , Yang Mihua , Ye Xiaolin , Wang Shuya , Sun Zijing , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUltraflexible and degradable organic synaptic transistors (OSTs) enable seamless integration with the human body and are capable of disintegrating after completing their specific functions, opening up remarkable new opportunities for “green” electronics in implantable neuromorphic systems, brain‐computer interfaces and wearable artificial intelligence systems. However, it is still an outstanding challenge to realize such synaptic transistors that simultaneously satisfy both ultra flexibility and degradability. The advancement of such electronics critically hinges on the development of ultraflexible and degradable gate dielectrics, which is the vital component to realize synaptic function of transistors. Here, for the first time, a self‐supporting natural dextran membrane is utilized as the gate dielectric to achieve an ultraflexible and degradable OST. The resultant device is only 309 nm thick, and can maintain stable synaptic behavior on various curved surfaces, even on a superfine capillary with the bending radius down to 0.15 mm. After the devices complete their functions, they can rapidly degrade in ambient water without any toxic byproducts, effectively reducing environmental pollution. More strikingly, proton conduction is confirmed to exist in neutral polysaccharides, and the protons originate from the self‐dissociation of water, which provides a meaningful guideline for future synaptic transistors based on neutral natural biomaterials.
Swarming of Perovskite‐Like Bi2WO6 Microrobots Destroy Textile Fibers under Visible Light
Authors: Villa Katherine , Děkanovský Lukáš , Plutnar Jan , Kosina Jiří , Pumera Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand for disposable textiles for multi‐cleansing purposes has led to an uncontrollable accumulation of macro‐ and microdebris in water bodies, resulting in major environmental disruptions and a threat to ecosystems. Considering the emerging nature of this type of contamination, there is still no current treatment to tackle this environmental problem. Here, self‐propelled bismuth tungstate microrobots that can actively move under light irradiation, swarm, and destroy disposable textiles through oxidative pathways are presented. Upon sun‐like illumination, these micromachines attack and degrade both the intertwined network of natural/synthetic textiles and their organic ingredients that are subsequently released into the water. The high efficiency arises from the enhanced intimate contact between the self‐propelled microrobots and the surface of the textiles. This work provides a unique strategy to treat emerging solid waste contamination in water bodies at mild conditions by combining photoactivated microrobots, collective behavior, and photocatalysis.
Engineering of a Core–Shell Nanoplatform to Overcome Multidrug Resistance via ATP Deprivation
Authors: Liu Genhua , Wang Liucan , Liu Junjie , Lu Lu , Mo Dong , Li Ke , Yang Xin , Zeng Rui , Zhang Jixi , Liu Peng , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInhibiting the function of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) transporter, which causes drug efflux through adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐dependent manner, has become an effective strategy to conquer multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. However, there remains challenges for effective co‐delivery, sequential release of P‐gp modulator and chemotherapeutic agent. In this work, a novel type of core–shell nanoparticle is reported. It can independently encapsulate a high amount (about 683 µg mg−1) of chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) in the mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) core and glucose oxidase (GOx) in the zeolite imidazolate frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8) shell, namely MPDA@ZIF‐8/DOX+GOx. The fast release of GOx triggered by acid‐sensitive degradation of the ZIF‐8 shell consumes glucose to starve cancer cells for ATP deprivation and effective suppress ATP‐dependent drug efflux in advance, and then effectively facilitates the accumulation of DOX in MCF‐7/ADR cancer cells. Experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that the fabricated nanosystem can dramatically improve anticancer effects for MDR through sequential release property and exhibit excellent biocompatibility. Overall, this work reveals new insights in the use of GOx for MDR treatment.
Biodegradable Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Microrobots (MOFBOTs)
Authors: Terzopoulou Anastasia , Wang Xiaopu , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Palacios‐Corella Mario , Pujante Carlos , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Qin Xiao‐Hua , Sort Jordi , deMello Andrew J. , Nelson Bradley J. , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Pané Salvador 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrorobots and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been identified as promising carriers for drug delivery applications. While clinical applications of microrobots are limited by their low drug loading efficiencies and the poor degradability of the materials used for their fabrication, MOFs lack motility and targeted drug delivery capabilities. The combination of these two fields marks the beginning of a new era; MOF‐based small‐scale robots (MOFBOTs) for biomedical applications. Yet, biodegradability is a major hurdle in the field of micro‐ and nanoswimmers including small‐scale robots. Here, a highly integrated MOFBOT that is able to realize magnetic locomotion, drug delivery, and selective degradation in cell cultures is reported for the first time. The MOF used in the investigations does not only allow a superior loading of chemotherapeutic drugs and their controlled release via a pH‐responsive degradation but it also enables the controlled locomotion of enzymatically biodegradable gelatin‐based helical microrobots under magnetic fields. The degradation of the integrated MOFBOT is observed after two weeks, when all its components fully degrade. Additionally, drug delivery studies performed in cancer cell cultures show reduced viability upon delivery of Doxorubicin within short time frames. This MOFBOT system opens new avenues for highly integrated fully biodegradable small‐scale robots.
HOMO–HOMO Electron Transfer: An Elegant Strategy for p‐Type Doping of Polymer Semiconductors toward Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Goel Mahima , Siegert Marie , Krauss Gert , Mohanraj John , Hochgesang Adrian , Heinrich David C. , Fried Martina , Pflaum Jens , Thelakkat Mukundan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnlike the conventional p‐doping of organic semiconductors (OSCs) using acceptors, here, an efficient doping concept for diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based polymer PDPP[T]2‐EDOT (OSC‐1) is presented using an oxidized p‐type semiconductor, Spiro‐OMeTAD(TFSI)2 (OSC‐2), exploiting electron transfer from HOMOOSC‐1 to HOMOOSC‐2. A shift of work function toward the HOMOOSC‐1 upon doping is confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Detailed X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis–NIR absorption studies confirm HOMOOSC‐1 to HOMOOSC‐2 electron transfer. The reduction products of Spiro‐OMeTAD(TFSI)2 to Spiro‐OMeTAD(TFSI) and Spiro‐OMeTAD is also confirmed and their relative amounts in doped samples is determined. Mott–Schottky analysis shows two orders of magnitude increase in free charge carrier density and one order of magnitude increase in the charge carrier mobility. The conductivity increases considerably by four orders of magnitude to a maximum of 10 S m−1 for a very low doping ratio of 8 mol%. The doped polymer films exhibit high thermal and ambient stability resulting in a maximum power factor of 0.07 µW m−1 K−2 at a Seebeck coefficient of 140 µV K−1 for a very low doping ratio of 4 mol%. Also, the concept of HOMOOSC‐1 to HOMOOSC‐2 electron transfer is a highly efficient, stable and generic way to p‐dope other conjugated polymers.
Deoxygenative 1,1‐Bis‐trifluoromethylthiolation of Aromatic Aldehydes to Access Bis(trifluoromethylthio)methylarenes
Authors: Liu Yin‐Li , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA deoxygenative 1,1‐bis‐trifluoromethylthiolation of readily available aromatic aldehydes with AgSCF3 in the presence of KI and (NH4)2SO4 was established. This reaction delivered a series of bis(trifluoromethylthio)methylarenes in moderate to high yields. The precise control of the generation and decomposition of SCF3 anion is the key to the successful transformation.magnified image
Defluorinative Ring‐Opening Indolylation of Siloxydifluorocyclopropanes: Controlled Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐β‐Indolyl‐Propanones for Carbazole Construction
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Du Dongxu , Li Shuting , Wang Xin , Xu Cong , Wang Mang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA catalytic defluorinative ring‐opening indolylation of siloxydifluorocyclopropanes was reported. It was found that AgBF4‐catalyzed reaction of siloxydifluorocyclopropanes with indoles could be controlled to deliver α‐fluoro‐β‐indolyl‐propanones within 1.5 hours at room temperature. Cyclization of these α‐fluoroketone derivatives were then carried out in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride in toluene at room temperature. Carbazoles were formed efficiently via an intramolecularly nucleophilic addition of the in situ formed enamine intermediate to the keto carbonyl, followed by a sequential hydrolysis and eliminations of trifluoroacetic acid and hydrogen fluoride.magnified image
Metal‐free Decarboxylative Annulation of 2‐Aryl‐2‐isocyano‐acetates with Aryldiazonium Salts: General Access to 1,3‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Tian Yu‐Ting , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Nie Jing , Cheung Chi Wai , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIsocyanoacetates are versatile substrates for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds, but the concomitant decarboxylation remains rare. Herein we report a decarboxylative annulation reaction of 2‐aryl‐2‐isocyanoacetates with aryldiazonium salts. This metal‐free, base‐promoted protocol allows for the access to a broad collection of 1,3‐diaryl‐1,2,4‐triazoles, including chiral triazole‐based binaphthalene ligands, drug mimics, and synthetic intermediates of druglike molecules.magnified image
Irrigated grain sorghum response to 55 years of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Havlin John L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough long‐term field experiments provide a valuable resource to assess crop yield response to climate and fertilizer, few studies have included grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 55 yr of annual nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) application on irrigated continuous sorghum grain yield, grain nutrient uptake, and economic optimum N rates. Six N rates (0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg N ha−1) and three combinations of P and K (0 P with 0 K, 20 kg P ha−1 with 0 K, and 20 kg P ha−1 with 37 kg K ha−1) were applied annually from 1961 to 2015 to a Ulysses silt loam near Tribune, KS. Average maximum grain yield with N was 53% greater than with no N applied; however, application of 20 kg P ha−1 with N resulted in a 70% increase in average maximum grain yield. Potassium fertilization had no effect on grain yield. The N rate required for maximum profit at 20 kg P ha−1 averaged 137 kg N ha−1. At the economic optimum N rate, apparent fertilizer N recovery in grain was 25% with no P and increased to 42% with P. Apparent fertilizer P recovery at the economic optimum N rate was 51% with 20 kg P ha−1. Fifty‐five yr of irrigated sorghum response to N and P fertilization demonstrated a strong positive interaction between N and P on grain yield, apparent N and P recovery, and profitability.
Weed pressure and turfgrass establishment in response to mulching media
Authors: Henry Gerald , Hoyle Jared 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTurfgrass establishment on the Texas High Plains is often compromised by wind desiccation, high temperatures, and reduced water inputs. Application of cotton gin trash at seeding may help increase germination through buffering and insulation. Therefore, field experiments were conducted to examine weed pressure and establishment of ‘Sahara’ common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and ‘Bowie’ buffalograss [Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus] in response to cotton gin trash and industry standards (hydro‐mulch and wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] straw) used as mulching media. The greatest amount of common bermudagrass cover 12 wk after planting (WAP) was observed in response to hydro‐mulch (89%) and no mulch (85%), while wheat straw and gin trash mulch only resulted in 70 and 60% cover, respectively. The greatest amount of buffalograss cover 12 WAP was observed in response to hydro‐mulch (55%). All other treatments resulted in ≤20% buffalograss cover 12 WAP. Weed cover in bermudagrass 12 WAP was highest in response to gin trash (33%) followed by (fb) wheat straw (24%) fb no mulch (12%) and hydro‐mulch (10%). Weed cover in buffalograss 12 WAP was highest in response to wheat straw (72%) fb gin trash (52%) fb no mulch (36%) fb hydro‐mulch (22%). Utilization of gin trash as mulch only resulted in 60% bermudagrass cover and 20% buffalograss cover, while weed pressure was 33–52% cover. Further refinement of gin trash may improve use as a mulch through the reduction of weed seed and removal of cotton plant fragments that limit light infiltration to the soil surface.
Ophthalmological abnormalities in Down syndrome among Brazilian patients
Authors: Bermudez Beatriz Elizabeth Bagatin Veleda , de Souza do Amaral Maria Eduarda , da Silva Gomes Charles , Novadzki Iolanda Maria , de Oliveira Camila Maciel , Serpe Crislaine Caroline 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDown syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, affecting 1/700 live births. Among the clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of visual disorders that, if left untreated, can negatively affect child development. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ophthalmological findings among patients who attended an outpatient clinic for patients with Down syndrome in southern Brazil between 2005 and 2016. A cross‐sectional study including 1,207 patients medical records were done, which 492 (40.8%) had some ophthalmological disorder. These data were subjected to descriptive analysis using Statistica software. Among the 492 patients with any ophthalmological disease, the need for glasses was found in 434 (36%) patients, keratoconus in 254 (42.1%), congenital cataract in 27 (15.1%), nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 25 (2.0%), strabismus in 22 (1.9%), nystagmus in four (0.3%), and juvenile cataract in two (0.2%). Two young adults with keratoconus underwent corneal transplantation. Although the prevalence of an ophthalmological disease among the present sample (40.8%) was lower than described in the current literature, it still reinforced the importance of routine and early evaluations in infants. These should begin at 6 months of age and be repeated half‐year until 2 years old, annually until 7 years old, biennial in adolescents, and triennial in adults and elderly. Our findings of a high frequency of keratoconus support a detailed corneal study in such patients for early detection and treatment.
Alzheimer‐Related Cerebrovascular Disease in Down Syndrome
Authors: Lao Patrick J. , Gutierrez José , Keator David , Rizvi Batool , Banerjee Arit , Igwe Kay C. , Laing Krystal K. , Sathishkumar Mithra , Moni Fahmida , Andrews Howard , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon , Head Elizabeth , Lee Joseph H. , Lai Florence , Yassa Michael A. , Rosas H. Diana , Silverman Wayne , Lott Ira T. , Schupf Nicole , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveAdults with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology by their 5th decade. Compared with the general population, traditional vascular risks in adults with DS are rare, allowing examination of cerebrovascular disease in this population and insight into its role in AD without the confound of vascular risk factors. We examined in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based biomarkers of cerebrovascular pathology in adults with DS, and determined their cross‐sectional relationship with age, beta‐amyloid pathology, and mild cognitive impairment or clinical AD diagnostic status.MethodsParticipants from the Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome study (n = 138, 50 ± 7 years, 39% women) with MRI data and a subset (n = 90) with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) were included. We derived MRI‐based biomarkers of cerebrovascular pathology, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH), infarcts, cerebral microbleeds, and enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS), as well as PET‐based biomarkers of amyloid burden. Participants were characterized as cognitively stable (CS), mild cognitive impairment–DS (MCI‐DS), possible AD dementia, or definite AD dementia based on in‐depth assessments of cognition, function, and health status.ResultsThere were detectable WMH, enlarged PVS, infarcts, and microbleeds as early as the 5th decade of life. There was a monotonic increase in WMH volume, enlarged PVS, and presence of infarcts across diagnostic groups (CS < MCI‐DS < possible AD dementia < definite AD dementia). Higher amyloid burden was associated with a higher likelihood of an infarct.InterpretationThe findings highlight the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in adults with DS and add to a growing body of evidence that implicates cerebrovascular disease as a core feature of AD and not simply a comorbidity. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1165–1177
The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis
Authors: Schulthoff Saskia , Hamilton James Y. , Heinrich Marc , Kwon Yonghoon , Wirtz Conny , Fürstner Alois 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTotal synthesis allowed the constitution of the cytotoxic marine macrolides of the formosalide family to be confirmed and their previously unknown stereostructure to be assigned with confidence. The underlying blueprint was inherently modular to ensure that each conceivable isomer could be reached. This flexibility derived from the use of strictly catalyst controlled transformations to set the stereocenters, except for the anomeric position, which is under thermodynamic control; as an extra safety measure, all stereogenic centers were set prior to ring closure to preclude any interference of the conformation adopted by the macrolactone rings of the different diastereomers. Late‐stage macrocyclization by ring‐closing alkyne metathesis was followed by a platinum‐catalyzed transannular 6‐exo‐dig hydroalkoxylation/ketalization to craft the polycyclic frame. The side chain featuring a very labile unsaturation pattern was finally attached to the core by Stille coupling.