bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The State versus the People
Authors: Rendle Matthew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This book provides the first detailed account of the role of revolutionary justice in the early Soviet state. Law has often been dismissed by historians as either unimportant after the October Revolution amid the violence and chaos of civil war or even, in the absence of written codes and independent judges, little more than another means of violence. This is particularly true of the most revolutionary aspect of the new justice system, revolutionary tribunals—courts inspired by the French Revolution and established to target counter-revolutionary enemies. This book paints a more complex picture. The Bolsheviks invested a great deal of effort and scarce resources into building an extensive system of tribunals that spread across the country, including into the military and the transport network. At their peak, hundreds of tribunals heard hundreds of thousands of cases every year. Not all ended in harsh sentences: some were dismissed through lack of evidence; others given a wide range of sentences; others still suspended sentences; and instances of early release and amnesty were common. This book, therefore, argues that law played a distinct and multifaceted role for the Bolsheviks. Tribunals stood at the intersection between law and violence, offering various advantages to the Bolsheviks, not least strengthening state control, providing a more effective means of educating the population on counter-revolution, and enabling a more flexible approach to the state’s enemies. All of this adds to our understanding of the early Soviet state and, ultimately, of how the Bolsheviks held on to power.
Passivity, Agency, the Gift, and God
Authors: Robbins Joel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter argues that theological claims about humanity can open up a new realm of thought for anthropology. This point is illustrated by considering Lutheran theological discussions of the role of passivity in shaping the gift relationship and indicating ways in which they could enrich anthropological debates around this classic disciplinary topic. In particular, I suggest that theological ideas of passivity profoundly challenge standard anthropological accounts of the role of the obligation to receive in the theory of the gift. The final part of the chapter uses the notion of passivity to initiate a consideration of some ways the disciplines of anthropology and theology are likely destined not to reach agreement through interdisciplinary dialogue: most notably on the issue of the distribution of passivity and agency between the human and the divine. Arguments about the nature of the gift are developed through discussion of materials from Papua New Guinea.
The Pre-Modern Period of Competition Law
Authors: Ahdar Rex 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The precursors to NZ’s modern competition law were the Monopoly Prevention Act 1908 and the Commercial Trusts Act 1910, but a solid body of antitrust doctrine never materialized. The Privy Council did its best (or so it seemed) in a landmark appeal in 1927 to take a contrary view from the New Zealand judges. In future decades reliance was placed upon the cumbersome British bureaucratic-style restrictive trade practices law as a model for our legislation. Yet the paramount reason for the moribund state of competition law was a strong policy preference by successive governments for direct regulation of the economy based on the unstated, but rock-solid, premise of social stability. Large-scale intervention in the economy was the norm. It took a revolution in economic philosophy to occur and that came in 1984 under the Lange Labour government. The Commerce Act 1986 is seen as a key part in the newly deregulated economy. The Act was not a natural, incremental step in the evolutionary process but a leap (saltation) forward into the “modern” era.
Going Nowhere Fast
Authors: Lawreniuk Sabina , Parsons Laurie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This book sets out to answer a question of global importance: how does inequality persist in our increasingly mobile world? It is a contentious problem. From Barack Obama to Pope Francis, inequality is often referred to as the greatest threat to our democracy, society and economy. Yet in an era some call the ‘age of migration’, opportunity has apparently never been more accessible. Long and short distance transport—from motorbikes to aeroplanes—are available to more people than ever before. What’s more, physical mobility tells only part of the story. Telecommunications have transformed our lives, ushering in an era of translocality, in which the behaviour of people and communities are influenced from hundreds or even thousands of miles apart. Nevertheless, amidst ever more complex flows of people, ideas, and capital, persistent inequality cuts a jarringly static figure. The worst off all too often remain impervious to the winds of economic dynamism, whilst those who were better off in one place remain so in another. This is an age-old story enmeshed in modern complexities. The vast economic successes of India and China have redrawn the map of global poverty in recent decades, contributing to falling inequality between countries even as inequality within countries is on the rise. Scale, in other words, matters and this book sets out to show why. Eschewing the international cross-sectional analysis employed in others on the topic of inequality, in favour of a deep dive approach to its subject, its eight chapters bring together a decade of research across multiple contexts to cast a forensic eye over the many of faces of inequality in a rapidly changing environment. Tracing a “miraculous” decade of development in Cambodia, one of the world’s fastest growing economies since the turn of the millennium, it brings together a broad toolbox of data to make a case for inequality not as an economic phenomenon, but as a ‘total social fact’ in which stories, stigma, obligation, and assets combine to lock social structures in place.
Are there Natural Rights? The Sceptical Tradition
Authors: Biggar Nigel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe claim that there are natural rights, which exist before or outside of any ordered civil society and apart from any positively legal expression, has long been controversial. There is a tradition of scepticism about such rights, stretching at least from the late eighteenth century to the present day. This opening chapter expounds four eminent expressions of this ‘Sceptical Tradition’ in the thought of Edmund Burke, Jeremy Bentham, David Ritchie, and Onora O’Neill. It concludes by distilling the tradition’ into a set of objections to natural rights-talk: its abstract character, which makes it impossible to evaluate and encourages political recklessness; its inflated rhetoric, which overlooks the moral importance of circumstances, especially feasibility; and its confusion of natural morality with legality. The subsequent four chapters then proceed to test these objections against natural rights-talk, first, in the pre-modern period (Chapter 2), second in the modern period (Chapter 3), third in modern Roman Catholic thought (Chapter 4), and finally as it comes from the pens of a selection of contemporary defenders (Chapter 5).
What’s Wrong with Subjective Rights?
Authors: Biggar Nigel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhether a right is natural or legal, it is a kind of property. This chapter examines the thought of five contemporary Christian thinkers, who hold that the modern concept of a right is tied—certainly historically but perhaps also logically—to Hobbesian social contract theory or Ockhamist nominalism, and therefore to radical individualism and moral subjectivism: Alasdair MacIntyre, Joan Lockwood O’Donovan, Oliver O’Donovan, John Milbank, and Ernest Fortin. It concludes that these critics variously misinterpret Ockham and overestimate the influence of Hobbes. Nevertheless, they are correct to discern that modern rights-talk does tend to shut out other kinds of moral discourse—that ‘rights’ do tend to displace ‘right’. As a consequence, it obscures the contingency of rights upon other moral considerations and so upon justice, all things considered in the circumstances.
Conclusion
Authors: Biggar Nigel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is much that is right with rights: paradigmatically, a right is a social institution designed to secure an important element of the human good; the phenomenon of a right is universal, but its forms vary according to social priorities and resources; it can promote social flourishing; and it offers a powerful means of holding states to account. However, contemporary rights-talk suffers from a number of problems: the idea that rights are ethically fundamental, rather than the conclusion of all-things-considered ethical deliberation; the refusal in practice to recognise the political and economic contingency of human rights; the imprudence of judges in presuming to invent ethically and politically controversial rights; and rights advocacy that refuses to acknowledge the need for political trade-offs or compromises. These problems have the ill effect of obscuring the importance of the formation of civic virtue, subverting the authority and credibility of rights, corroding military effectiveness, undermining the democratic legitimacy of law, and proliferating publicly expensive rights. The solution to these problems lies in the abandonment of rights-fundamentalism by judges and human rights advocates, and by the general recovery of a richer public discourse about ethics, one which includes talk about the duty and virtue of rights-holders.
The Ardens
Authors: Parry Glyn , Enis Cathryn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter two focuses on the feud between Edward Arden and the earls of Warwick and Leicester, outlining the unique cultural identity of the Arden family in Warwickshire and their descent from the Saxon magnate, Turchil, the most significant landowner in the Midlands after the Norman conquest whose lands later formed the patrimony of the Beaumont earls of Warwick. The Beauchamps co-opted him into the lineage of the Warwick earldom to link their earldom with the legendary Guy of Warwick, which led to a dispute over lineage between Arden and the Dudleys, in which Edward Arden tried to use his ancestry to challenge their authority in the county. We also look at how this reinvigorated Guy of Warwick as a cultural icon, which can be linked to Shakespeare’s involvement in a play about Guy and his later interest in this legendary figure. The Dudleys responded with increased pressure on Arden through legal cases that threatened his tenure of his estate, and which became widely known as the cases moved from court to court, including the Warwick assizes and Star Chamber. These cases show how the Dudley ascendancy and the Arden dispute created an assault on popular memory in the county, through legal arguments creating pressure on social structures and requiring Warwickshire people to make choices reflecting both the political struggles within the county and the wider contests of the Elizabethan Reformation.
The Trial of John Somerville and Edward Arden
Authors: Parry Glyn , Enis Cathryn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The first detailed narrative of how the Dudleys set out to destroy Edward Arden by exploiting the mental problems of his son-in-law John Somerville, who lived just outside Stratford, but who had quarrelled with his wife, Margaret Arden Somerville, and her father, over financial differences. Using intermediaries the Dudleys provoked Somerville into riding towards London, armed with a pistol to assassinate Queen Elizabeth, and arranged for his arrest and interrogation. They then concocted evidence implicating Edward Arden, both to confirm their dominance over Warwickshire and to establish that Somerville was key to a vast international Catholic conspiracy against Elizabeth, a story that contained sufficient truth to enable a more radical Protestant agenda to be followed at Court and in the Privy Council, against Archbishop Whitgift’s and Sir Christopher Hatton’s conservative policies. The treason trial consistently broke with established procedures in rushing Arden, Somerville, and their families to condemnation, but the regime expended great efforts in broadcasting their ‘treason’ against the conflicting evidence known in Stratford and Warwickshire, especially that Arden had been in London when he was allegedly conspiring with Somerville just outside Stratford. The treasonous fiction also aimed to implicate Hatton in the treason, but though this failed, shockingly for contemporary society, several women from both families were condemned, and several more imprisoned in the Tower for some years, another example of the exercise of raw power by the Elizabethan regime in controlling collective memory that were very unlikely to have escaped William Shakespeare’s notice.
‘The Rose of Sharon’
Authors: Robinson D.H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores metropolitan and colonial English thinking about England’s place in Europe from the Reformation of the sixteenth century to the Glorious Revolution of 1688, including the emergence of primitive ideas about English hegemony from the pens of Francis Bacon and James Harrington. It also looks at the impact of foreign affairs on England’s domestic politics, including the Civil War and the Restoration. And it shows how the early colonization of North America, from Hakluyt’s narratives to the revolutions in Boston and New York in 1688, via John Winthrop’s Long March and Oliver Cromwell’s Western Design, was conducted in close and conscious union with thinking about the European system and the peace of Christendom.
‘The Patron of Mankind’
Authors: Robinson D.H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks at the impact of geopolitical thinking on colonial conceptions of nationality. Paying particular attention to the influential parties that gathered around the Livingston family in New York and William Smith in Philadelphia during the 1750s, it shows how the idea of Britain as the ‘arbiter of Europe’ informed a continentalist understanding of Britain as a nation defined by its unique role in the European system. This, in turn, left an enormous mark on the way in which colonists conceived of the Hanoverian monarchy, underwriting the personality cults of George II and—in his early reign—George III. Similar phenomena affected other national leaders, most notably William Pitt the Elder. At the same time, the continentalist flavour of colonial nationalism promoted a porous kind of Britishness, allowing for the incorporation of settlers from other parts of Europe like the Netherlands and Germany, and even other religious groups—including, on some rare occasions, Roman Catholics and non-Europeans.
‘Arbitress of the Universe’
Authors: Robinson D.H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter looks at the theories of geopolitics, political economy, and constitutional order that accompanied post-war visions of British hegemony, and how the patriot movement came to repurpose these ideas as an argument for American independence. Throughout the imperial crisis, colonists discussed imperial commercial policy in the context of geopolitics, and these discussions bore fruit in the conception of an empire not as a proto-federation but as an unequal league, in which trade and diplomacy were governed from the metropole. The leading voices of the patriot movement would endorse this vision of British power until—and in some cases beyond—the threshold of armed conflict. When the turn to revolution and secession finally came, it too was mediated by ideas about the balance of power, the geopolitics of empire, and the future shape of the international system that lay deep in the colonial past.
Joseph Conrad
Authors: Levin Yael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The book builds on current interventions in modernist scholarship in order to rethink Joseph Conrad’s contribution to literary history. It utilizes emerging critical modernisms, the work of Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze, and late modernist fiction, to stage an encounter between Conrad and a radically different literary tradition. It does so in order to uncover critical blind spots that have limited our appreciation of his poetics. The purpose of this investigation is threefold: first, to participate in recent critical attempts to correct a neglect of ontological preoccupations in Conrad’s writing and uncover the author’s exploration of a human subject beyond the Cartesian cogito. Second, to demonstrate the manner in which such an exploration is accompanied by the reconfiguration of the very building blocks of fiction: character, narration, focalization, language, and plot have to be rethought to accommodate a subject who is no longer conceived of as autonomous and whole but is rendered permeable and interdependent. Third, to show how this redrawing of the literary imaginary communicates with the projects of late modernist writers such as Samuel Beckett, writers whose literary endeavors have long been held separate from Conrad’s. In the spirit of current reexaminations of modernism and critical endeavors to think it anew outside the commonplaces that once defined it, this study returns to Conrad’s art with an eye to twentieth-century shifts in the way we process, understand, and evaluate information. Thematic, stylistic, and philosophical instantiations of the slow are offered here as a gauge for this meaningful transformation.
Introduction
Authors: Levin Yael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The chapter traces the difference between two artistic impulses in Conrad’s writing. The first is aligned with a philosophy of Being or mind; its signposts include the spatialization of time, telos and logic; it is fueled by the need to know. The second is aligned with a philosophy of Becoming. It is characterized by the experience of duration, the principle of univocity and the unknown. The chapter argues that our appreciation of Conrad has been blind to the latter because of the predominance of the first in modernist scholarship. It also posits two different definitions of the new that follow this division—the first assumes the form of defamiliarization; it changes how we see. The second attempts to capture the unforeseen—it transforms what we see. The chapter traces the evolution of the slow in literary history in order to trace and unpack Conrad’s inauguration of a new literary tradition.
“To Make You See”? Marlow and the Anti-Ocular Turn
Authors: Levin Yael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The chapter utilizes sight as a gauge with which to trace the transition from a philosophy of Being to a philosophy of Becoming. The cultural expressions of the anti-ocular turn observed in the nineteenth century provide the framework for a testing of Conrad’s use of the witness-narrator in Lord Jim, a novel that dramatizes the oscillations between an aesthetics of Being and one of Becoming. Bergson’s Creative Evolution and Time and Free Will inform the philosophical backdrop to the discussion, the anti-ocular turn of modernism its cultural complement, and narratology’s concept of the witness-narrator, the fictional measure against which these discourses strain. The three coalesce in an attempt to think the relation between sight, experience, and comprehension, between the demise of visual perception and its figurative, scientific, and philosophical expressions in the failure of categorical thinking and instrumental logic.
Mise à jour sur l’infection congénitale à cytomégalovirus : la prévention prénatale, le diagnostic néonatal et la prise en charge
Authors: Barton Michelle , Forrester A Michael , McDonald Jane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Le cytomégalovirus (CMV) est la principale cause d’infection congénitale et la première cause de surdité de perception d’origine non génétique pendant l’enfance. Même si la plupart des nouveau-nés infectés ne sont pas symptomatiques à la naissance, l’infection congénitale à cytomégalovirus est une affection importante, en raison du risque de surdité de perception et des autres atteintes neurodéveloppementales qui s’y associent. Le respect des mesures d’hygiène pendant la grossesse peut réduire le risque d’infection de la mère par le CMV. Grâce au dépistage rapide, il est possible de vite entreprendre la surveillance et la prise en charge des nouveau-nés infectés. Il est essentiel d’adopter une prise en charge multidisciplinaire pour optimiser le pronostic des nouveau-nés atteints.
Preaching to the Choir? Presidential Debates and Patterns of Persuasion in a Multiparty Presidential System
Authors: Lloyd Ryan , Bello André , Rennó Lucio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow does institutional context condition debates’ effects on vote choice during electoral campaigns? The literature on the United States suggests that debates’ effects on vote choice are minimal at best, reinforcing voters’ prior convictions more often than converting or activating them. There have been very few tests of debates’ effects in newer democracies, however, and the strong partisan identification among American voters might mean that this lack of impact is specific to the American context. In this article, the effects of presidential debates are tested in a younger democracy with a multiparty system and runoff presidential elections: Brazil. Data come from the Brazilian Electoral Panel Study, a seven-wave panel study conducted before, during, and after the 2014 Brazilian election. To rigorously measure presidential debates’ effect on voters’ likelihood to change candidates, a difference-in-differences regression was estimated with a generalized least squares (GLS) random-effects model. In the end, debates had a significant effect on vote choice in the first round of the 2014 Brazilian presidential election, as respondents who watched first-round debates were more likely to switch candidates after the debates had taken place than those who had not watched the debates. In the second round, however, when the field had been reduced to only two candidates, debates no longer affected voters’ propensity to change candidates.
Local observer effect on the cosmological soft theorem
Authors: Suyama Teruaki , Tada Yuichiro , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Non-Gaussianities of primordial perturbations in the soft limit provide important information about the light degrees of freedom during inflation. The soft modes of the curvature perturbations, unobservable for a local observer, act to rescale the spatial coordinates. We determine how the trispectrum in the collapsed limit is shifted by the rescaling due to the soft modes. We find that the form of the inequality between the $f_\mathrm{NL}$ and $\tau_\mathrm{NL}$ parameters is not affected by the rescaling, demonstrating that the role of the inequality as an indicator of the light degrees of freedom remains intact. We also comment on the local observer effect on the consistency relation for ultra-slow-roll inflation.