bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Effect of Microwave Calcination and Sonophotocatalytic Activity of TiO2-Montmorillonite on The Degradation of Direct Yellow 106 and Disperse Violet 1
Authors: Labib Issma , Boutoumi Hocine , Khalaf Hussein 
Published: July 2020

The TiO2-pillared montmorillonite nanoparticles (TiO2-Mt) were prepared by the sol-gel method, then applied for the elimination of dyes in solution: CI Direct Yellow 106 (DY106) (azo dye) and CI Disperse Violet 1 (DV1) (anthraquinone dye) by the sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic processes, in order to test the efficiency of photocatalysts, while photolysis, sonolysis, and sonophotolysis tests have been done previously. The photocatalysts (TiO2-Mt) were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) methods, thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) and the zero load point (pHpzc). Aqueous solutions of dye of an initial concentration (50 mg/L), in the presence of 1 g/L of photocatalyst, were irradiated using a mercury lamp (Hg) of 40 Mw/cm2 and put in contact with an ultrasonic probe with a frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 750 W, providing the ultrasound. The results obtained indicate that a weak, good and better dye degradation rate has been observed successively by the application of the sonocatalytic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic processes, where the latter has shown a synergistic effect, while the photocatalyst TiO2-Mt/MW showed significant efficiency during the degradation, due to the beneficial effect of the microwave calcination mode. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Sulfonated Hydrothermal Carbon-Based Catalyzed Esterification under Microwave Irradiation: Optimization and Kinetic Study
Authors: Tumkot Laddawan , Quitain Armando T. , Kida Tetsuya , Laosiripojana Navadol , Shotipruk Artiwan , Boonnoun Panatpong 
Published: July 2020

In this study, the esterification reaction of oleic acid (OA) with methanol was investigated in the presence of a sulfonated hydrothermal carbon-based catalyst under microwave irradiation. The reaction conditions were optimized using response surface methodology based on a central composite design. Three following variables were studied: methanol to OA molar ratios (2.5:1–7.5:1), reaction time (50–70 min) and catalyst loading (2–5 wt.%) to provide a statistical model with the coefficient of regression (R2) of 0.9407. Based on the model, the optimum OA conversion of 95.6% was predicted at 5.8:1 methanol to OA molar ratio, 60 min and 3.05 wt.% catalyst loading. The experimental validation indicated that the model gave a good prediction of OA conversion (2.8% error). Furthermore, the reaction was found to be reasonably described by the pseudo-first order kinetics. The dependency of the reaction rate constant on temperatures gave a value of the activation energy of 64 kJ/mol. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Mesoporous Ce-doped Ti:Ash Photocatalyst Investigation in Visible Light Photocatalytic Water Pretreatment Process
Authors: Suliman Abdulkarim Abdulrahman Mohamed , Isha Ruzinah , Seman Mazrul Nizam Abu , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Roslan Jamil 
Published: July 2020

The treatment of organic pollutants in water including semiconductor photocatalysis is a promising approach to disinfect water. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Ce loaded on mesoporous Ti:Ash catalyst for water pretreatment process. The mesoporous Ti:Ash catalyst that doped with Ce was synthesized through wet impregnation method with 5%, 10%, and 15% weight percentage of Ce doped on 40:60 Ti:Ash. The photocatalytic properties were characterized through X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption studies and diffuse reflectance UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. It is found that the Ti:Ash nanocomposites doped with Ce shifted the light absorption band-edge position to the visible region. Moreover, the Ce doped Ti:Ash has large surface area and pore diameter. The Ce doping could significantly improve the absorption edge of visible light and adjust the cut-off absorption wavelength from 404 nm to 451, 477 and 496 nm for 5%, 10% and 15% Ce-doped mesoporous Ti:Ash catalysts, respectively. As the Ce doping ratio increased, the band gaps decreased from 3.06 eV to 2.53 eV. The most contaminant reduction up to 45% was achieved when Ti:Ash:Ce 40:55:5 was used. Higher Ce loading on the photocatalyst may reduce the photocatalyst performance because supernumerary metal loading on TiO2 can block TiO2 defect sites which are necessary for the adsorption and photoactivation. The OPFA also acts as an adsorbent for some pollutants besides, reducing the water salinity. It can be deduced that the hybrid TiO2 photocatalyst that synthesized with OPFA and doped with Ce has huge potential to treat seawater prior to commercial seawater desalination process. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Graphitization of Coconut Shell Charcoal for Sulfonated Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst Preparation and Its Catalytic Behavior in Esterification Reaction
Authors: Fahmi Fahmi , Widiyastuti Widiyastuti , Setyawan Heru 
Published: July 2020

Here, we reported the utilization of coconut shell charcoal used for solid acid catalysts and its performance in the esterification reaction of acetic acid and methanol. The graphitization of coconut shell charcoal was carried out by the calcination and KOH activation at the temperature of 400 °C for an hour and continued at the temperature of 800 °C for an hour under nitrogen flow resulted in graphitic carbon. The effect of the addition of KOH activation was observed by varied the weight ratio of coconut shell charcoal as raw material (RM) and KOH. The selected weight ratio of RM:KOH was 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4. The resulted graphitic carbon was sulfonated by heating with the sulfuric acid to obtain a solid acid catalyst. The sulfonic time was evaluated for 5 and 10 hours. The generated particles were characterized to examine the morphology, the crystallinity, the specific surface area, the chemical bonding, and the ionic capacity using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen gas absorption-desorption, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and titration method, respectively. The best condition for graphitization of raw material is the use of RM:KOH = 1:4, resulting in the highest surface area reaching 1259.67 m2/g and the most dominant of the sulfonic group of −SO3 bond. Furthermore, increasing the sulfonating time from 5 to 10 hours led to the increase of the yield of esterification reaction from 85% to 96.57% for graphite synthesized using RM:KOH = 1:4. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Kinetics of Starch Degradation during Extrusion Cooking of Steady State Flow Konjac (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Tuber Flour in a Single Screw Extruder
Authors: Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Retnowati Diah Susetyo , Ratnawati Ratnawati 
Published: July 2020

The presence of glucomannan in Konjac (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber flour has promoted its various applications, especially in the food, drink, drug delivery and cosmetics. Starch is the main impurity of Konjac tuber flour. Although the common wet refining method may result in a high purity Konjac tuber flour, it is very tedious, time consuming and costly. This research aimed to study the kinetics of starch degradation in the extrusion cooking process of dry refining method to produce high quality Konjac tuber flour. In this research, Konjac tuber flour with 20% (w/w) moisture was extruded in a single screw extruder by varying screw speeds (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 rpm) and barrel temperatures (353, 373, 393, 413 and 433 K). The results showed that the starch extrusion cooking obeys the first reaction order. The reaction rate constant could be satisfactorily fitted by Arrhenius correlation with total activation energy of 6191 J.mol−1 and pre-exponential factor of 2.8728×10−1 s−1. Accordingly, thermal degradation was found to be the primary cause of starch degradation, which shared more than 99% of the energy used for starch degradation. Based on mass Biot number and Thiele modulus evaluations, chemical reaction was the controlling mechanism of the process. The results of this research offer potential application in Konjac tuber flour refining process to obtain high quality flour product. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Ionotronics Based on Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Peng Ran , Pan Yueyue , Li Zhi , Zhang Shuailong , Wheeler Aaron R. , Tang Xiaowu (Shirley) , Liu Xinyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractControlled ion transport through ion channels of cell membranes regulates signal transduction processes in biological systems and has also inspired the thriving development of ionic electronics (ionotronics or iontronics) and biocomputing. However, for constructing highly integrated ionic electronic circuits, the integration of natural membrane‐spanning ion channel proteins or artificial nanomembrane‐based ionic diodes into planar chips is still challenging due to the vertically arranged architecture of conventional nanomembrane‐based artificial ionic diodes. Here, a new design of ionic diode is reported, which allows chip‐scale integration of ionotronics, based on horizontally aligned nanochannels made from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The rectification of ion transport through the MWCNT nanochannels is enabled by decoration of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on the channel entrances. Advanced ionic electronic circuits including ionic logic gates, ionic current rectifiers, and ionic bipolar junction transistors (IBJT) are demonstrated on planar nanofluidic chips by stacking a series of ionic diodes fabricated from the same bundles of MWCNTs. The horizontal arrangement and facile chip‐scale fabrication of the MWCNT ionic diodes may enable new designs of complex but monolithic ionotronic systems. The MWCNT ionic diode may also prove to be an excellent platform for investigation of electrokinetic ion transport in 1D carbon materials.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Co2P Nanoparticle/Multi‐Doped Porous Carbon as a Trifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Liu Haitao , Guan Jingyu , Yang Shaoxuan , Yu Yihuan , Shao Rong , Zhang Zhengping , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng , Xu Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient and low‐cost replacements for precious metals as electrocatalysts active in electrochemical reactions—the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)—is a top priority in renewable energy technology. In this work a highly active and very stable trifunctional electrocatalyst composed of Co2P embedded in Co, N, and P multi‐doped carbon has been synthesized using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as precursors. The synergistic effects between Co2P and the multi‐heteroatom‐doped carbon substrates afford materials having electrocatalytic activities for HER, OER, and ORR, which are comparable—or even superior to—those of commercial RuO2 or Pt/C catalysts. Density functional theory calculations show that Co2P has a higher density of states at the Fermi level than ConP (0 < n < 2), which promotes electron transfer and intermediates adsorption in the catalytic process. Zinc–air batteries and water splitting devices assembled using the materials as electrode electrocatalysts show good performance and outstanding stability. This work represents a breakthrough in improving the catalytic performance of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for OER, HER, and ORR, and opens new avenues for clean energy generation.
Graphoepitaxy of Large Scale, Highly Ordered CsPbBr3 Nanowire Array on Muscovite Mica (001) Driven by Surface Reconstructed Grooves
Authors: Li Chun , Zhao Liyun , Fan Hua , Shang Qiuyu , Du Wenna , Shi Jianwei , Zhao Yue , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMuscovite mica is a widely used van der Waals epitaxial substrate for growing high‐quality low‐dimensional crystals owing to its nondangling surface. However, there is a recent debate on the surface atomic arrangement, especially the lattice symmetry, of the cleaved muscovite (001), which is not only crucial for the crystal heteroepitaxy dynamics on the substrate, but also fundamental to optoelectronic devices based on few‐layered muscovite. Herein, the surface reconstruction of the cleaved muscovite (001) is investigated by using high‐resolution atomic force microscopy, which reveals that the removal of interlayer potassium induces a distortion to aluminosilicate tetrahedra by depressing the connecting oxygen, breaking the intrinsic quasi‐hexagonal symmetry and resulting in bunched grooves along the [100] direction. These grooves enable vapor‐phase graphoepitaxy of millimeter‐scale, unidirectional single‐crystalline CsPbBr3 nanowire arrays without inducing unfavorable structural defects. Optical spectroscopy studies demonstrate their high optical quality and potential for anisotropic optoelectronic applications. These results further the understanding of epitaxial dynamics of muscovite (001), promote muscovite a powerful graphoepitaxy platform for anisotropic nanostructures, and provide insights into the development of few‐layered muscovite optoelectronic/proton devices.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Polymer as a Recyclable Photoredox Catalyst for Decarboxylative Alkynylation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Wang Yating , Li Yuhang , Lu Kailin , Liu Shihui , Wang Wei , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVisible‐light‐induced heterogeneous photocatalysis for decarboxylative alkynylation has been performed. The using of cheap, metal‐free and recyclable graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) as the photoredox catalyst in the process enables the facile transformation of a variety of carboxylic acids into structurally diverse alkyne‐containing molecular architectures under mild and environmentally‐benign conditions. Notably, the heterogeneous nature of the reaction system allows for the recovery and reuse of the catalyst in multiple runs without loss of reactivity. The photocatalytic reactions could also be performed in a continuous flow fashion and scaled up to gram‐scale. Furthermore, the preparative power of this strategy is further highlighted by its application in the 1, 2‐amido alkynylation of unactivated alkenes.magnified image
Reversible Structure Engineering of Bioinspired Anisotropic Surface for Droplet Recognition and Transportation
Authors: Li Qian , Li Lijun , Shi Kui , Yang Baisong , Wang Xin , Shi Zhekun , Tan Di , Meng Fandong , Liu Quan , Hu Shiqi , Lei Yifeng , Liu Sheng , Xue Longjian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurfaces with tunable liquid adhesion have aroused great attention in past years. However, it remains challenging to endow a surface with the capability of droplet recognition and transportation. Here, a bioinspired surface, termed as TMAS, is presented that is inspired by isotropic lotus leaves and anisotropic butterfly wings. The surface is prepared by simply growing a triangular micropillar array on the pre‐stretched thin poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) film. The regulation of mechanical stress in the PDMS film allows the fine tuning of structural parameters of the micropillar array reversibly, which results in the instantaneous, in situ switching between isotropic and various degrees of anisotropic droplet adhesions, and between strong adhesion and directional sliding of water droplets. TMAS can thus be used for robust droplet transportation and recognition of acids, bases, and their pH strengths. The results here could inspire the design of robust sensor techniques.
The Prevalence of Disability Health Training and Residents With Disabilities in Emergency Medicine Residency Programs
Authors: Sapp Richard W. , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Gisondi Michael A. , Rotoli Jason M. , Backster Anika , McClure Poffenberger Cori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals with disabilities experience significant health care disparities due to a multitude of barriers to effective care, which include a lack of adequate physician training on this topic and negative attitudes of physicians. This results in disparities through inadequate physical examination and diagnostic testing, withholding or inferior treatment, and neglecting preventative care. While much has been published about disability education in undergraduate medical education, little is known about the current state of disability education in emergency medicine (EM) residency programs.MethodsIn 2019, a total of 237 EM residency program directors (PDs) in the United States were surveyed about the actual and desired number of hours of disability health instruction, perceived barriers to disability health education, prevalence of residents and faculty with disabilities, and confidence in providing accommodations to residents with disabilities.ResultsA total of 104 surveys were completed (104/237, 43.9% response rate); 43% of respondents included disability‐specific content in their residency curricula for an average of 1.5 total hours annually, in contrast to average desired hours of 4.16 hours. Reported barriers to disability health education included lack of time and lack of faculty expertise. A minority of residency programs have faculty members (13.5%) or residents (26%) with disabilities. The prevalence of EM residents with disabilities was 4.02%. Programs with residents with disabilities reported more hours devoted to disability curricula (5 hours vs 1.54 hours, p = 0.017) and increased confidence in providing workplace accommodations for certain disabilities including mobility disability (p = 0.002), chronic health conditions (p = 0.022), and psychological disabilities (p = 0.018).ConclusionsA minority of EM PDs in our study included disability health content in their residency curricula. The presence of faculty and residents with disabilities is associated with positive effects on training programs, including a greater number of hours devoted to disability health education and greater confidence in accommodating learners with disabilities. To reduce health care disparities for patients with disabilities, we recommend that a dedicated disability health curriculum be integrated into all aspects of the EM residency curriculum, including lectures, journal clubs, and simulations and include direct interaction with individuals with disabilities. We further recommend that disability be recognized as an aspect of diversity when hiring faculty and recruiting residents to EM programs, to address this training gap and to promote a diverse and inclusive learning environment.
Optimization of agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of sugar beet: Glyphosate and insect pests resistance associated genes
Authors: Moazami‐Goodarzi Khadijeh , Mortazavi Sayyed‐Elyass , Heidari Bahram , Norouzi Peyman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransformation of sugar beet with genes conferring tolerance against biotic stresses might accelerate improvement of new hybrid varieties with respect to root yield. In the present study, the optimization of transformation procedure and the integration of four agronomically important genes were assessed in two sugar beet inbred lines. First, the transformation system was optimized with the Agrobacterium tumefacienes LBA4404 and GV3101 strains harboring a recombinant plasmid vector. The vector was constructed based on pBI121 plasmid containing the cryIA105, cryIIIAa, CP4‐epsps and gox genes. The effects of four factors including the strains and growth density of Agrobacterium, inoculation time, and plant lines on the frequency of regeneration were assessed. The adventitious bud excised leaflets were used as explants for tissue culture. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was adopted as statistical model. Analysis of variance showed that simple effect of Agrobacterium strain, growth density and inoculation time on regeneration of transgenic plantlets, as well as growth rate × inoculation time interaction had significant effects on regeneration of transgenic plantlets. Means comparison analyses indicated that OD600 = 0.6 and inoculation time of 15 min were the best conditions for transformation. Totally, more than 330 putative transgenic plantlets were regenerated during transformation. The presence of transgenes in the putative transgenic plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Subsequently, transcription of transgenes was confirmed by Reverse Transcription‐PCR analysis. Overall, our results revealed that the modified protocol for transformation could be used successfully to introduce new gene cassettes into sugar beet lines.
The Muslimah Project: A Collaborative Inquiry into Discrimination and Muslim Women’s Mental Health in a Canadian Context
Authors: Hunt Brianna , Wilson Ciann L. , Fauzia Ghazala , Mazhar Fauzia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior research in Europe and North America demonstrates that religious discrimination against Muslim people, commonly known as Islamophobia, results in many negative mental health impacts, including depression, anxiety, isolation, and feelings of exclusion (Awan & Zempi, 2015). In Canada, Muslim women face a unique form of discrimination based on their religious, racial, and gender identities (Helly, 2012; Zine, 2008). Grounded in feminist intersectional theory and practice (Hill Collins & Bilge, 2016), the present manuscript emerges from a community‐based project centered on Muslim women’s experiences of discrimination and resulting adverse mental health impacts. Through a series of five focus groups (N = 55), the research team engaged with Muslim women from diverse backgrounds in order to gain a more complete understanding of mental health inequities in Canada. Thematic analyses of focus group data revealed that Muslim women participants regularly experience Islamophobic discrimination and face multiple barriers when attempting to access culturally relevant and responsive supports. Results illuminate the potential of reciprocal, community‐based research to investigate and respond to mental health disparities experienced by Muslim women in Canada.