bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does solar irradiation drive community assembly of vulture plumage microbiotas?
Authors: Graves Gary R. , Matterson Kenan O. , Milensky Christopher M. , Schmidt Brian K. , O’Mahoney Michael J. V. , Drovetski Sergei V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Stereotyped sunning behaviour in birds has been hypothesized to inhibit keratin-degrading bacteria but there is little evidence that solar irradiation affects community assembly and abundance of plumage microbiota. The monophyletic New World vultures (Cathartiformes) are renowned for scavenging vertebrate carrion, spread-wing sunning at roosts, and thermal soaring. Few avian species experience greater exposure to solar irradiation. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the plumage microbiota of wild individuals of five sympatric species of vultures in Guyana.

Results
The exceptionally diverse plumage microbiotas (631 genera of Bacteria and Archaea) were numerically dominated by bacterial genera resistant to ultraviolet (UV) light, desiccation, and high ambient temperatures, and genera known for forming desiccation-resistant endospores (phylum Firmicutes, order Clostridiales). The extremophile genera Deinococcus (phylum Deinococcus-Thermus) and Hymenobacter (phylum, Bacteroidetes), rare in vertebrate gut microbiotas, accounted for 9.1% of 2.7 million sequences (CSS normalized and log2 transformed). Five bacterial genera known to exhibit strong keratinolytic capacities in vitro (Bacillus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces) were less abundant (totaling 4%) in vulture plumage.

Conclusions
Bacterial rank-abundance profiles from melanized vulture plumage have no known analog in the integumentary systems of terrestrial vertebrates. The prominence of UV-resistant extremophiles suggests that solar irradiation may play a significant role in the assembly of vulture plumage microbiotas. Our results highlight the need for controlled in vivo experiments to test the effects of UV on microbial communities of avian plumage.
BMP signaling is essential for sustaining proximo-distal progression in regenerating axolotl limbs
Authors: Vincent Etienne , Villiard Eric , Sader Fadi , Dhakal Sabin , Kwok Benjamin H. , Roy Stéphane 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Amputation of a salamander limb triggers a regeneration process that is perfect. A limited number of genes have been studied in this context and even fewer have been analyzed functionally. In this work, we use the BMP signaling inhibitor LDN193189 on Ambystoma mexicanum to explore the role of BMPs in regeneration. We find that BMP signaling is required for proper expression of various patterning genes and that its inhibition causes major defects in the regenerated limbs. Fgf8 is downregulated when BMP signaling is blocked, but ectopic injection of either human or axolotl protein did not rescue the defects. By administering LDN193189 treatments at different time points during regeneration, we show clearly that limb regeneration progresses in a proximal to distal fashion. This demonstrates that BMPs play a major role in patterning of regenerated limbs and that regeneration is a progressive process like development.
O risco de informação assimétrica sobre a liquidez dos contratos futuros de commodities agrícolas
Authors: Ribeiro João Eduardo , Souza Antônio Artur de , Moraes Eduardo de Abreu 
Published: July 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito do risco de assimetria informacional na liquidez dos contratos futuros de commodities agrícolas negociados pela B3. Para tanto, escolheu-se como amostra as negociações intradiárias das commodities Boi Gordo, Café Arábica, Milho e Soja, no período de 01 de dezembro de 2018 a 30 de novembro de 2019. A analise foi realizada por meio de um modelo de dados em painel, utilizando-se como proxy para liquidez, o spread, para a probabilidade de presença de assimetria informacional nas negociações a VPIN e, como variáveis de controle, o número de negócios, o volume negociado e a volatilidade. Pelo modelo estimado, demostrou-se que as variáveis consideradas são capazes de explicar 43,08% da variação do spread. Além disso, os resultados mostraram uma relação inversa entre o risco de se negociar com assimetria informacional e a liquidez de mercado, divergindo dos resultados encontrados na literatura nacional e internacional.
Evaluation of innervation in cleft affected oral mucosa
Authors: Rimdenoka Olga , Pilmane Māra 
Published: July 2020

Orofacial clefts are one of the most common pathologies present at birth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of PGP 9.5, substance P, VIP, CGRP, myelin and NFG in cleft affected mucosa of alveolar process, soft and hard palate, vomer and lip.
Methods. Orofacial cleft affected mucosa tissue samples were obtained during surgical cleft correction from 21 children aged from 2 months to 9 years and 10 months. Prepared tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5, substance P, VIP, CGRP, myelin and NGF. The intensity of staining was graded semiquantitatively.
Results. Mostly moderate number and numerous PGP 9.5, substance P, VIP, CGRP, myelin and NGF-containing nerve fibres and nerve fibre bundles and CGRP and NGF positive keratinocytes were detected. The most immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, myelin and NGF were nerve fibres, nerve fibre bundles and keratinocytes in lip mucosa tissue samples. Typically, PGP 9.5-containing nerve fibres were detected in subepithelium close to basal lamina, near blood vessels; thin PGP 9.5 positive nerve fibres were also observed between keratinocytes. Immunoreactivity of CGRP was higher than of substance P in nerve fibres and nerve fibre bundles. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between all markers in subepithelium of all tissue samples.
Conclusions. The proved statistically significant strong inter-correlation and the number of general neuropeptide-containing innervation (PGP 9.5), sensory nerves (CGRP and substance P), and parasympathetic nerves (VIP) is similar in orofacial cleft affected oral mucosa to such described in scientific literature healthy oral mucosa, except the alveolar process covering mucosa where the above innervation varies.
Very strong and strong statistically significant positive correlations between the number of PGP 9.5, substance P, CGRP and VIP positive structures on the one hand, and NGF and myelin, on the other hand, indicate a connection between quality markers and common neuropeptide-containing, sensory and parasympathetic innervation in cleft affected oral tissue.
The number of PGP 9.5, NGF and myelin immunoreactive neuronal structures in lip mucosa is higher than in the alveolar process, soft and hard palate and vomer mucosa, suggesting the significance of qualitative common innervation in this organ even in the cleft affected case.
Age-related variability of anthropometric indicators in urban school students – Belarusians and descendants of interethnic marriages
Authors: Salivon Inessa , Polina Natalya 
Published: July 2020

In the 1990s – early 2000s, anthropometric indicators of school students of three age groups (8, 13 and 17 years) were studied in several cities of Belarus. In total 2088 students were examined. The material was distributed into sex and age cohorts taking into account the ethnic structure – Belarusians (both parents are Belarusians) and genetically more heterogeneous descendants of interethnic marriages (DIM) where one of the parents is Belarusian, and the other is Russian, Ukrainian or Polish (Slav).
In all sex and age samples, the number of students in Belarusians cohorts was almost twice higher than the number of DIM, which corresponds to their real proportion in the urban population of Belarus.
The sex and age dynamics of average values of body height and weight, body mass index (BMI) and chest circumference, as well as the distribution of body types (somatotypes) in groups of urban school students in Belarus were observed.
The differences between Belarusians and DIM in the studied anthropometric characteristics in all sex and age groups were insignificant. The phenomena of heterosis in the first generation of DIM were more clearly manifested only by the age of 17 among young men, who were 1.7 cm taller than their Belarusian peers, with correspondingly slightly higher values of body weight and chest circumference. In comparison with Belarusians, DIM girls of this age had a weak shift in all indicators of physical development towards lower average values.
The average values of the BMI, which increase during puberty, reflect the tendency of weakly expressed gracilization of the physique of the male and especially female body in DIM compared to their Belarusian peers.
The tendency to leptosomization (skeletal gracialization) and body asthenization was shown by the intragroup distribution of somatotypes among descendants of uninational marriages – Belarusians – and even more among DIM.
Intersex differences in morphogenesis during puberty were manifested in greater asthenization of the physique against the background of gracilization of the skeleton of the female body compared to the male.
The Effects of Search Advertising on Competitors: An Experiment Before a Merger
Authors: Golden Joseph , Horton John Joseph 
Published: July 2020

We report the results of an experiment in which a company, Firm Vary, temporarily suspended its sponsored search advertising campaign on Google in randomly selected advertising markets in the United States. By shutting off its ads, Firm Vary lost customers, but only 63% as many as a nonexperimental estimate would have suggested. Following the experiment, Firm Vary merged with its closest competitor, Firm Fixed. Using combined data from both companies, the experiment revealed that spillover effects of Firm Vary’s search advertising on Firm Fixed’s business and its marketing campaigns were surprisingly small, even in the market for Firm Vary’s brand name as a keyword search term, where the two firms were effectively duopsonists. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
Design of Ge1-xSnx-on-Si waveguide photodetectors featuring high-speed high-sensitivity photodetection in the C- to U-bands
Authors: Li Xin Yu , Wang Jia Yao , Liu Yu Fei , Chen Jing Jing , Du Yan , Wang Wei , Cai Yan , Ma Jian Ping , Yu Ming Bin 
Published: July 2020

We present the design ofGe1−xSnx-on-Si waveguide photodetectors for the applications in the C- to U-bands. The GeSn photodetectors have been studied in respect to responsivity, dark current, and bandwidth, with light butt- or evanescent-coupled from an Si waveguide. With the introduction of 4.5% Sn into Ge, the GeSn waveguide PD with evanescent-coupling exhibits high responsivity of 1.25 A/W and 3 dB bandwidth of 123.1 GHz at 1.675 µm. Further increasing the Sn composition cannot improve the absorption in the U-band significantly but does lead to poorer thermal stability and higher dark current. This work suggests a promising avenue for future high-speed high-responsivity photodetection in the C- to U-bands.
Accurate measurements of longitudinal temperature distribution of PPLN crystal in the process of second-harmonic generation
Authors: Ivanov Grigorii Yu. , Cherpak Pavel S. , Konyashkin Aleksey V. , Ryabushkin Oleg A. 
Published: July 2020

Phase-matching temperature tuning curves and longitudinal temperature distribution of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal were measured in the process of second-harmonic generation (SHG) of 1070 nm pump wavelength using tiny transparent piezoelectric crystals as the temperature sensors. The temperatures of the crystal sensors placed along the PPLN length were determined directly by measuring the induced frequency shifts of their piezoelectric resonances, which were excited in a noncontact manner by a probe radio-frequency electric field. Such temperature sensors do not suffer additional heating conditioned by absorption of scattered radiation and also do not have any contact wires. Due to the high

Q

factors of piezoelectric resonances, the measurement accuracy of 0.05°C was achieved for a local determination of PPLN surface temperature during SHG. The self-consistent theoretical model that describes the SHG process in the presence of induced nonuniform temperature distribution of the nonlinear-optical crystal is introduced.
Effect of short term storage on wheat quality parameters
Authors: Gyimes Ernő , Csercsics Dóra , Magyar Zoltán 
Published: July 2020

Eleven samples of registered wheat varieties of bread with diverse technological qualities were used in this study. The samples were devided into two groups. The first group including all the 11 variety were stored for 3 months, while the second group of the samples were stored for 9 months at an ambient temperature. The results of quality evaluation showed that 5 soft wheat varieties (GK Csongrád, GK Garaboly, GK Hattyú, GK Holló, GK Nap) and 6 hard wheat varieties (GK Ati, GK Békés, GK Élet, GK Kalász, GK Petúr, GK Verecke) were involved in the study. Further, the flour yield, the gluten index and the water absorbance capacity has significantly decreased after 9 months storage time when compared to 3 months storage interval.
Affiliation and negative assessments in peer observation feedback for foreign language teachers professional development
Authors: Batlle Jaume , Seedhouse Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe growing use of peer observation in teacher professional development has created an interest in understanding how it is carried out and what the benefits are. Post-observation feedback is a crucial component of peer observation practices. This study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of peer observation feedback in foreign language teacher’s professional development. Adopting a conversation analysis perspective, we aim to establish how the interactional infrastructure is developed between observers and observees after a negative assessment during peer observation feedback. The results show that, when the observer is assessing a specific teaching action negatively and the observee expresses alignment with the observer’s position, the observer adopts an affiliative stance through the use of his/her epistemic expertise in two ways: either putting his/her self in the shoes of the observee or, in other cases, expressing the affiliative stance by appealing to the epistemic community to which they both belong.
Does Hawking predict the correct temperature of a black-hole?
Authors: Chandra Kapil 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In our study of the validity of Hawking’s predicted radiation temperature of a black-hole, we found that the calculated temperature is another form of Zeldovich’s expression for the cosmological constant. We reasoned that as Zeldovich predicted the extreme value of cosmological constant thus Hawking might have also predicted an extreme temperature. However, the actual temperature might be something different. This result implies that all predictions based on Hawking’s radiation temperature might be incorrect.
‘Crypto-investment’ in International Economic Law: A First Sketch
Authors: Prieto Munoz Jose Gustavo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In January 2009, Bitcoin was launched as the first ‘cryptocurrency’, a term used to refer to a ‘digital representation of value’ operating with Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). Commonly known as ‘Blockchain’, DLT has been an object of study in different legal disciplines, which seek to understand its financial and legal impacts. However, international law literature is still silent regarding the impacts that DLT technology could have on the different legal regimes. This article contextualizes DLT as digital governance ‘infrastructure’ that could affect the way that public authority is exercised; in this sense, cryptocurrencies are the product of such infrastructure. Taking this notion into account, it is further argued here that the concept of ‘crypto-investment’ could be useful in international investment law when certain conditions come into play.
Analysis of genetic determination of partial resistance to white rot in sunflower
Authors: Delgado Santiago Germán , Castaño Fernando , Cendoya Maria Gabriela , Salaberry Maria Teresa , Quiróz Facundo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sunflower is usually affected by white rot (WR), a disease produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thus, breeders select WR resistant hybrids by means of field experiments replicated in different environments. The WR selection will be effective when the correlation between the phenotype and the set of genes controlling the trait is high. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between the genotype and phenotype for components of WR partial resistance in hybrids. Also, the genotypic merit of these hybrids is estimated to determine their value in breeding programs. To this end, 37 cultivars were used during three years in Balcarce (southeast of Buenos Aires Province, AR). Plants were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum in their capitula. The WR variables evaluated were the relative incubation period (RIP), the daily lesion growth (DLG) and the relative DLG. By using transformed data, the degree of genetic determination (DGD) reached values of 0.78 (RIP), 0.63 (relative DLG) and 0.35 (DLG). Although all error variances and their relative contributions to the total variance had the highest values, the DGD values for RIP and relative DLG were higher than those reported in the bibliography. The best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) detected six hybrids with most suitable genetic merit for RIP and relative DLG. The BLUP correlation coefficient suggested that resistance genes involved in RIP and relative DLG were not the same. Thus, these genes could be used simultaneously to develop new sunflower hybrids with more complex WR resistance.
ANFIS based system identification of underactuated systems
Authors: Chawla Ishan , Singla Ashish 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, the effectiveness of the adaptive neural based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in identifying underactuated systems is illustrated. Two case studies of underactuated systems are used to validate the system identification i. e., linear inverted pendulum (LIP) and rotary inverted pendulum (RIP). Both the systems are treated as benchmark systems in modeling and control theory for their inherit nonlinear, unstable, and underactuated behavior. The systems are modeled with ANFIS using the input-output data acquired from the dynamic response of the nonlinear analytical model of the systems. The dynamic response of the ANFIS model is simulated and compared to the nonlinear mathematical model of the inverted pendulum systems. In order to check the effectiveness of the ANFIS model, mean square error is used as the performance index. From the obtained simulation results, it has been perceived that the ANFIS model performed satisfactorily within the trained operating range while a minor deviation is seen outside the trained operating region for both the case studies. Furthermore, the experimental validation of the of the proposed ANFIS model is done by comparing it with the experimental model of the rotary inverted pendulum. The obtained results show that the response of ANFIS model is in close agreement to the experimental model of the rotary inverted pendulum.
Crystal structure of [(Z)-O-isopropyl N-(4-nitrophenyl)thiocarbamato-κS]-(triphenylphosphine-κP)-gold(I), C28H26AuN2O3PS
Authors: Yeo Chien Ing , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
C28H26AuN2O3PS, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.6339(3) Å, b = 11.0503(3) Å, c = 14.5091(5) Å, α = 95.615(2)°, β = 105.606(3)°, γ = 94.009(2)°, V = 1320.14(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0332, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0886, T = 100 K.
Civil Society Groups Involved with International Students in Japan: Typology and Social Capital Generation
Authors: Ivanova Polina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article explores the interaction between civil society organizations in Japan and incoming international students to illustrate how the nonprofit sector can be conducive to social capital generation in diverse groups in the short-term. Based on interviews, participant observation and document analysis, this study examines motivations of nonprofit staff and volunteers to get involved with international students and connects them to students’ expectations and needs. The paper suggests ways of improving engagement between Japanese civil society organizations and international students to benefit all the stakeholders.
Biochemical activity and bioassay on maize seedling of selected indigenous phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from the acid soil ecosystem
Authors: Fitriatin Betty Natalie , Fauziah Dita , Fitriani Fabira Nur , Ningtyas Dewi Nurma , Suryatmana Pujawati , Hindersah Reginawanti , Setiawati Mieke Rochimi , Simarmata Tualar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Phosphorus availability is the major constraint for plant growth in the acid soil ecosystem, due to high fixation by Al and Fe. Microbial fertilizers such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can increase P availability in soils for root uptake. The objective of the research was to verify the ability of four isolates of PSB isolated from acid soil to solubilize unavailable inorganic phosphate, produce phosphatase, malic acid and indole acetic acid (IAA), as well as increase plant height of maize seedling. The bioassay by growing maize seedling in liquid nutrients has been performed to study the response of seedling to PSB inoculation. The experimental design of bioassay was a randomized block design with five replications. The results showed that the isolates RR 1 and SPR 4 had a relatively high solubilizing index. Moreover, all the PSB isolates had the ability to produce phosphatase and IAA and dissolve P. The performance of PSB-inoculated seedling was better visually and the root length was increased by 66.7–74.5% compared to the control. This result concludes that the species of four isolates needs to be identified by a biomolecular method and formulated as biofertilizers for increasing the maize productivity in the acid soil ecosystem.
The European Union After the Rome Declaration: A New Opening or a New Euro-pessimism?
Authors: Wróblewski Łukasz D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe European Union has been a rare feat achieved by the continent’s societies. Today, almost 15 years since its biggest enlargement and 10 years since the signing of the Treaty of Lisbon, Europe is facing unprecedented challenges, both globally and internally. It long seemed that the way to take on the challenges of the changing world was through united diversity—a stance that is no longer a given. Adopted on the 60th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome, the Rome Declaration was supposed to address the greatest challenges lying ahead of the EU and its member states.Based on an analysis of the Rome Declaration in the light of the Treaty of Lisbon, this paper outlines the biggest threats and possible scenarios of the European integration process. The ruminations below indicate that the declaration signed by the leaders of the 27 member states by and large successfully determined the key problems of European integration. However, contrary to the appearances, it fails to address them in substance. The overriding research method adopted in this study was a critical analysis of the subject literature, as well as EU studies and documents.