bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study Evaluating a Pain Assessment Tool in a Postoperative Environment: Protocol for Algorithm Testing and Enhancement
Authors: Kasaeyan Naeini Emad , Jiang Mingzhe , Syrjälä Elise , Calderon Michael-David , Mieronkoski Riitta , Zheng Kai , Dutt Nikil , Liljeberg Pasi , Salanterä Sanna , Nelson Ariana M , Rahmani Amir M 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAssessment of pain is critical to its optimal treatment. There is a high demand for accurate objective pain assessment for effectively optimizing pain management interventions. However, pain is a multivalent, dynamic, and ambiguous phenomenon that is difficult to quantify, particularly when the patient’s ability to communicate is limited. The criterion standard of pain intensity assessment is self-reporting. However, this unidimensional model is disparaged for its oversimplification and limited applicability in several vulnerable patient populations. Researchers have attempted to develop objective pain assessment tools through analysis of physiological pain indicators, such as electrocardiography, electromyography, photoplethysmography, and electrodermal activity. However, pain assessment by using only these signals can be unreliable, as various other factors alter these vital signs and the adaptation of vital signs to pain stimulation varies from person to person. Objective pain assessment using behavioral signs such as facial expressions has recently gained attention.ObjectiveOur objective is to further the development and research of a pain assessment tool for use with patients who are likely experiencing mild to moderate pain. We will collect observational data through wearable technologies, measuring facial electromyography, electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, and electrodermal activity.MethodsThis protocol focuses on the second phase of a larger study of multimodal signal acquisition through facial muscle electrical activity, cardiac electrical activity, and electrodermal activity as indicators of pain and for building predictive models. We used state-of-the-art standard sensors to measure bioelectrical electromyographic signals and changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Based on the results, we further developed the pain assessment tool and reconstituted it with modern wearable sensors, devices, and algorithms. In this second phase, we will test the smart pain assessment tool in communicative patients after elective surgery in the recovery room.ResultsOur human research protections application for institutional review board review was approved for this part of the study. We expect to have the pain assessment tool developed and available for further research in early 2021. Preliminary results will be ready for publication during fall 2020.ConclusionsThis study will help to further the development of and research on an objective pain assessment tool for monitoring patients likely experiencing mild to moderate pain.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/17783
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TABLETS CONTAINING NYCTANTHES ARBOR-TRISTS LEAVES
Authors: CHAVAN PRASHANT , KALSHETTI MALLINATH , NAVINDGIKAR NIKHIL 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To formulate arthritic pain relieving tablets and evaluation of tablets.
Methods: The preparation of dry powder of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves, 1% Acacia solution, 1%HPMC-10 solution, 1% Sodium alginate solution. The wet granulation method was used for the formulation of herbal tablets.
Results: Based on the pre-formulation study, the flow property of granules was good. The physical parameters of compressed tablets color were Greenish white for F1 and F3 batch, Dark greenish-white color for F2batch. The weight variation test, hardness, thickness, friability and disintegration time for F1 batch was found to be [497±5%, 3.3±0.17, 4.00±0.005, 0.81%, 28] respectively, For F2 batch [506±5%, 3.13±0.01, 3.66±0.023, 1.43%, 25] respectively, For F3 batch [502.5±5%, 3.13±0.01, 3.96±0.001, 1.8%, 32] respectively.
Conclusion: The formulated herbal tablets were used to manage arthritic pain. Based on the results, it is concluded that the formulation and evaluation of herbal tablets were good.
THE ROLE OF PREDICTOR PLACENTAL GROWTH FACTOR, SOLUBLE ENDOGLIN, SOLUBLE-FMS-LIKE-TYROSINE KINASE-1 AND PULSATIL UTERINA ARTERIAL INDEX TO PREDICT THE EARLY ONSET OF PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: LUBIS MUARA P. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: In preeclampsia, there will be an increase in SFlt-1 and in and decrease in PlGF levels. This condition will cause disorders of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in fetomaternal circulation, which will eventually lead to preeclampsia syndrome such as proteinuria, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction.
Methods: An observational study design with nested case-control. The study was conducted at Bunda Thamrin Hospital, Tanjung Mulia Medika Hospital, Sundari Hospital and private practice, from March to November 2018, with a sample of 64 research subjects.
Results: The results of this study indicate that there were significant values with p<0.05, namely the pulsatile value of the uterine artery index with a 1.228 cut-off point, Area Under Curve (AUC) of 78.2% (95% CI 59.3%-97%), sensitivity 80%, specificity 64.6%, PlGF level with 441 pg/ml cut-off point, Area Under Curve (AUC) of 82.5% (95% CI 61.5%-100%), sensitivity 80%, specificity 87.7%, sFlt-1 level with a cut-off point of 10087.5 pg/ml, Area Under Curve (AUC) of 81.2% (95% CI 63.6%-98.9%), sensitivity 80%, specificity 67.7% while sEng with p value>0.05 which means it is not significant.
Conclusion: From this study, no significant differences were found in sEng, whereas differences were found in the pulsatile value of the uterine artery index, PlGF levels, and sFlt-1 levels in the incidence of early-onset preeclampsia. From the multivariate analysis, an examination of PlGF levels alone is sufficient as a predictor of early-onset preeclampsia.
EVALUATION OF POMEGRANATE PEEL AS A SUBSTRATE FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER
Authors: SUTRADHAR PAYEL , SAHA ISHIKA , CHAKRAVARTY AMIT 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate dried pomegranate peels as a substrate for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger.
Methods: The morphological study of Aspergillus niger was carried out by wet mount with lactophenol cotton blue and slide culture method. A preliminary qualitative screening of citric acid-producing ability of this fungal strain was also performed by using the Czapek-Dox agar medium containing Bromocresol green. Dried and finely powdered Pomegranate peel was used as a principal substrate for the production of citric acid by submerged fermentation. Classical method of citric acid recovery involved a precipitation technique using calcium hydroxide followed by filtration and subsequent treatment with sulphuric acid. The citric acid produced was also chemically detected and titrimetrically estimated by 0.1 N NaOH.
Results: The present experiment demonstrated that pomegranate peels may serve as an inexpensive medium for the production of citric acid with a yield of 19.39 g/l by using Aspergillus niger.
Conclusion: This study provided an alternative basis to recycle the fruit peel waste of pomegranate in order to achieve industrially feasible and environmentally sustainable bio-production of pharmaceutically significant citric acid.
ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVA EXTRACT ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS MODEL
Authors: RUSDA MUHAMMAD 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To assess the antifungal effect of Nigella sativa extract on female Wistar rats vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Methods: This was an analytic study that assess the therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa in rats’ vulvovaginal candidiasis model. The subjects were 28 rats that had been inoculated with Candida albicans and divided into 4 groups: control group (G1), fluconazole group (G2), Nigella sativa group (G3) and combination of Nigella sativa with fluconazole group (G4). Candida albicans colony was measured to assess the therapeutic effect of the treatment.
Results: There were no difference number of Candida albicans colony between all group before inoculation (p = 0,274) and after inoculation (p = 0,323). There were a significant decreased number of Candida albicans colony on the 72 h after the treatment between the three types of treatment with the control group (Nigella sativa group p = 0,002; Fluconazole group p = 0,001; Nigella sativa+fluconazole p = 0,001)
Conclusion: Nigella sativa has a potential antifungal effect by reducing the number of Candida albicans colonies.
HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AND IN VIVO WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: P. VIJAYANAND , V. JYOTHI , A. MOUNIKA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present research was to investigate the wound-healing potency of solid lipid nano particles of Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract. Crude herbal extracts and rudimentary formulations containing herbal extracts are good for demonstrating the feasibility of the concept; however, such formulations suffer with poor oral bioavailability and variability within groups of subjects. Converting herbal extracts into novel drug delivery systems may prove effective in addressing some of these problems.
Methods: In the present study an attempt was made to develop Hibiscus rosa sinensis extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (HSLNs) using lipids glycerol monostearate (GMS) or beeswax. The prepared HSLNs were characterised for their size, surface charge and morphology. The optimized HSLNs were incorporated into Carbopol gel and tested for wound healing activity in male Wistar albino rats using excision wound model.
Results: HSLNs of ~175 nm in size carrying negative charge were obtained with the optimised procedure using beeswax. The shape of the HSLNs was nearly spherical. The HSLNs (10 mg/ml) treated wounds healed much faster compared to raw crude extract and healing was comparable to marketed preparation.
Conclusion: It is concluded that converting crude herbal extracts into SLNs can be an effective way to enhance the effectiveness of herbal extracts and their in vivo activity.
ULTRASOUND ASSISTED GREEN SYNTHESIS OF 2-FURAN-2-YL-4H-CHROMEN-4-ONES FROM CHALCONES
Authors: KAKADE GOPAL K. , VEDPATHAK SURESH G. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To report the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of some bioactive 2-furan-2-yl-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives
Methods: Oxidative cyclization of chalcones using iodine in dimethyl sulfoxide for the synthesis.
Results: Some bioactive 2-furan-2-yl-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives were synthesized from corresponding chalcones in the presence of iodine in dimethyl sulfoxide under ultrasound irradiation at ambient reaction conditions.
Conclusion: The use of ultrasound irradiation gave the advantages of higher yields, lower reaction time and simplicity compared to conventional methods for the synthesis of 2-furan-2-yl-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives.
SCREENING OF MULTI BIOACTIVE METABOLITES PRODUCING MICROORGANISMFROM GARDEN SOIL OF DR. M. G. R EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, CHENNAI
Authors: SENTHILRAJR  , S. GEJALAKSHMI , M. THARUNKUMAR , A. SANTHOSH , V. LOKESH , B. A. TANISHA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Screening of industrial important bioactive metabolites of Antibiotics, hydrolytic enzymes producing microorganism from garden soil of Dr. M. G. R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai.
Methods: Desired ten soil samples taken and were serially diluted. Crowded plate method used for antibiotic-producing microorganism and Starch agar medium and gelatin medium tests were performed for hydrolytic enzymes (Amylase and Gelatinase).
Results: Among the tested soil samples, antibiotic producing microorganisms were not found, but has hydrolytic enzymes amylase and gelatinase. Thus screened soil samples biochemically identified as Bacillus species.
Conclusion: This study concludes that, the collected sample, produced Antibiotic negative result and it’s possess other industrial important hydrolytic enzymes. Thus Screening of more bioactive metabolites producing ability from a single isolate, will be more useful for effective screening.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME SELECTED NEPALESE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ISOLATION OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA
Authors: SHARMA KHAGA RAJ , RANA KHEMINDRA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The main objectives of this study was to analyze the phytochemicals, determine the total flavonoid content, brine shrimp toxicity, antibacterial activity, evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic activities of nine medicinal plants Callicarpamacrophylla, Bauhinia purpurea, Plumeriarubra, Girardiniadiversifolia, Acacia nilotica, Woodfordiafruticosa (Bark) Woodfordiafruticosa (flower), Terminaliaalata, and Premnabarbata.
Methods: The cold percolation method was adopted for the extraction of secondary metabolites in methanol. The preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed by colour differentiation methods. The radical scavenging activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antidiabetic activity was performed by α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity. The chemical constituent was isolated by column chromatography from the biologically active plant fraction.
Results: The phytochemical investigation has shown plants are the rich source of secondary metabolites as quinones, saponins, terpenoids and glycosides. Among the nine tested plants, Terminaliaatalia showed the highest radical scavenging activity 96.41±0.47 with IC50 value 6.353 µg/ml, followed by Girardiniadiversifolia 97.26±0.67 with IC50 value 11.52 µg/ml whereas ascorbic acid has 39.85 µg/ml as standard. Bauhinia purpurea showed significant inhibition to the α-amylase enzyme having inhibitory concentration IC50 17.05±13.00 SD in a dose-dependent manner. Woodfordiafruticosa demonstrated significant toxicity to A. salina with LC50 value of 457.08 µg/ml. Callicarpamacrophylla bark showed a potential inhibitory activity against the growth of Straphylococcusaureus as compared to standard chloramphenicol. Active plant extract of Callicarpamacrophylla was subjected for column chromatography. Conclusion: Out of nine plant samples Terminaliaatalia showed the highest radical scavenging activity. The plant extract of Bauhinia purpurea showed significant inhibition to the α-amylase enzyme inhibition. Woodfordiafruticosa demonstrated significant toxicity to A. salina, whereas Callicarpamacrophylla showed the potent antibacterial activity. The active plant extract was subjected for column chromatography and different fractions were collected in solvent polarity basis.
Conclusion: The phytochemical investigations showed that plant extracts are the rich sources of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, polyphenols, coumarins and reducing sugars which showed they are supposed to be responsible for different biological activities. IC50 values showed the varied degree of antioxidant property of which Plumeriarubra and Acacia nilotica exhibit good antioxidant property with IC50 value close to the standard ascorbic acid.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF QUINAZOLINONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: PAWAR P. Y. , M. WAGHMARE SWEETI 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study aims to synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of quinazolinone derivatives.
Methods: Methyl anthranilate react with acetyl chloride in ethanol gives methyl-2 acetamido benzoate (1) which on reaction with hydrazine hydrate gives 3-amino-2 methyl 4-(3H)-quinazolinone.(2) The amino group of synthesized quinazolinone with substituted acid chloride which gives 3-Chloroacetyl amino-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone (3) which on condensation with various primary amines gives 2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazoline-3yl-amino)-N-substituted acetamide (4a-4j).
Results: The reaction sequence involves microwave-induced preparation of methyl-2 acetamido benzoate (1) from reaction of Methyl anthranilate react with acetyl chloride in ethanol. Further reaction with hydrazine hydrate gives 3-amino-2 methyl 4-(3H)-quinazolinone. (2) The amino group of synthesized quinazolinone with substituted acid chloride which gives 3-Chloroacetyl amino-2-methyl-4-quinazolinone (3) which on condensation with various primary amines gives 2-(2-methyl-4-oxo-4H-quinazoline-3yl-amino)-N-substituted acetamide (4a-4j).
Which were characterized by IR and 1HNMR spectral data.
Conclusion: All the synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity by Broth dilution method. Most of the derivatives showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-Positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
RESPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING WITH THERABAND VERSUS INCENTIVE SPIROMETER AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: REKHA K. , DOSS D. SAMUEL SUNDAR , SIDDIUE MOHAMMED ABUBAKKER 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To determine and compare the effects of Theraband exercises with Incentive Spirometer exercise in improving respiratory muscle strength among bronchial asthma.
Methods: In this study, 30 Individuals with Bronchial asthma were taken and assessed for FEV1/FVC, Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) using a computerized spirometer, dyspnea level graded using MMRC scale and diaphragm muscle strength assessed using manual muscle testing (MMT) as pre-test then the individuals were randomly allocated in two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A (n=15) received Theraband exercise and Group B (n=15) were treated with incentive spirometer for a total period of 4 w following which the outcome measures were repeated for post-test.
Results: Based on the obtained statistics, both the groups showed significant improvement within groups when comparing pre and post-test measures. On comparing the mean values of the post-test between the groups, theraband exercises showed clinically higher significant results than incentive spirometer exercises.
Conclusion: From the result, it shall been concluded that both theraband exercises and incentive spirometer exercises shows improvement in MVV, FEV1/FVC, reduced dyspnea and increased respiratory muscle strength. Hence, theraband exercises are effective compared to the incentive spirometer.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DETERMINANTS OF MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: RICHARDSON LLOYD , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Medication adherence is a prominent issue in the general population; therefore, due to the nature of dementia, the risk of medication no adherence is even greater. Furthermore, there have been discrepancies regarding the impact of specific determinants on medication adherence as previous literature has cited conflicting information. This review aimed to identify the potential causative relationship of dementia that may result in medication non-adherence.
Methods: A meta-analysis of (15 primary research papers) was conducted to identify and assess the specific themes and determinants related to non-adherence, and their impact on medication adherence in those who were cognitively impaired.
Results: Four domains were established or developed upon review and risk of bias and risk of the summary table were created. A critical review undertaken to analyse various papers and their respective findings. Through the data analysis it was found that common themes could be established, such as Cognitive impairment, Disability, Mental illness and occasional forgetfulness to take their medication. The impact of each domain was expressed e. g. the predominant role of executive function and memory as well as non-adherence leading to delusional or suspicious thoughts.
Conclusion: The findings align with current literature. The caregiver aspect needs to be addressed more thoroughly and more investigations are required such as identifying underlying factors that may potentially result in influence.
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PLANTS BELONGING TO THE FAMILY LEGUMINOSAE
Authors: KUMAR AARUSHI , XAVIER F. R. JOBI 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The study is an attempt to quantitatively measure the presence of Anti-Parkinsons drug Levodopa in members of the family Leguminosae.
Methods: Reverse phase HPLC, Phytochemical analysis carried out using Bioinformatic tools (ChemMine and Cytoscape). The dried seed samples of Mucuna pruriens (Linn.), Cassia fistula (Linn.), Lathyrus odoratus (Linn.), Glycine max (L. Merr.), and Mimosa pudica (L) were selected for the study of Levodopa, and compared with Tecoma stans from the family Bignoniaceae., and antimicrobial activity was conducted on selected bacteria.
Results: Mucuna pruriens showed the presence of Levodopa in quantifiable higher quantity i.e., 705.5985 ????g/20 ml, whereas other plant samples contained very less quantity. The antimicrobial activity of the selected plants on E. coli and Bacillus showed positive results.
Conclusion: The study proves the presence of Anti-Parkinsons drug Levodopa in Mucuna pruriens, whereas absent in the other plants. The selected plants prove the anti-bacterial activity on the selected bacteria.
STUDY OF THE VARROASIS INFESTATION RATE IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF ECUADOR
Authors: SILVA VINICIO MONTALVO , CLAVIJO FABIAN MONTES , VILLAFUERTE GUILLERMO , RUIZ DOLORES ORTEGA , JACOME VICENTE , SANCHEZ MANUEL DUVERLI , VELASCO KLEVER 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To study the Varroasis Infestation rate in the central area of Ecuador.
Methods: The experimental phase was developed in four apiaries distributed in the provinces: Bolivar, Tungurahua, Chimborazo and Los Rios (12 hives), the experimentation lasted 65 d. A DCA design was applied. Three different systems were used for the identification of varroa: soapy water (SW), honeycomb cut (HC) and the cardboard with semi-solid petrolatum (CSP).
Results: With the SW method, it was obtained that Chimborazo has 23.14%; followed by Tungurahua (7.99%); Los Rios (3.24%) and finally Bolivar with (0.51%); with the HC method, it was determined that Chimborazo has the highest incidence with 9.13%; followed by Bolivar and finally Los Rios; with the CSP method, the province of Chimborazo presents the highest infestation (26250 individuals); followed by Bolivar, Tungurahua, and Los Rios. Regarding the production of eggs for each frame, 3 frames taken from the brood chamber were used in each of the apiaries under study; Chimborazo being where there is less quantity of eggs for each frame, followed by Bolivar, Tungurahua and finally Los Ríos.
Conclusion: The higher the geographical height, the greater the Varroa infestation.