bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change, Geopolitics, and Human Settlements in the Hexi Corridor over the Last 5,000 Years
Authors: YANG Liu , SHI Zhilin , ZHANG Shanjia , LEE Harry F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial responses to climate change over human history have been widely discussed in academia over the last two decades. However, the transformation of the human–environment nexus crossing prehistoric and historic periods and the processes associated with it are not yet clearly understood. In this study, based on published works on radiocarbon dating, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, and archaeological sites, together with a synthesis of historical documents and high‐resolution paleoclimatic records, we trace the extent to which human settlement patterns in the Hexi Corridor in northwestern China evolved in conjunction with climate change over the last 5,000 years. A total of 129 Neolithic, 126 Bronze Age, and 1,378 historical sites in the Hexi Corridor (n=1,633) were surveyed. Our results show that, in the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age periods (~2800–100 BC), climate change contributed to the transformation of subsistence strategies and the subsequent changes in human settlement patterns in the Hexi Corridor. The warm‐humid climate in ~2800–2000 BC promoted millet agriculture and helped the Majiayao, Banshan, and Machang Cultures to flourish. The cold‐dry climate in ~2000–100 BC resulted in the divergence and transformation of subsistence strategies in the Xichengyi–Qijia–Siba and Shajing–Shanma Cultures and in a shift in their settlement patterns. However, in the historical period (121 BC–AD 1911), human settlement patterns were primarily determined by geopolitics related to the alternating rule of regimes and frequent wars, especially in the Sui–Tang dynasties. We also find that trans‐Eurasian cultural exchange since ~2000 BC improved social resilience to climate change in the Hexi Corridor, mediating the human–environment nexus there. Our findings may provide insights into how human societies reacted to climate change in arid and semi‐arid environments over the long term.
Integrated analysis of miRNAs and DNA methylation identifies miR‐132‐3p as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Su Yun , Shetty Amol , Jiang Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAberrant miRNA expression and DNA methylation are two major epigenetic events in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We conducted a combined analysis of the molecular changes in LUAD.MethodsWe analyzed differentially expressed miRNAs and methylated CpG loci in 489 LUAD tissues versus 49 normal lung tissues of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The results were validated in cell lines and xenograft mouse models and additional pairs of 36 LUAD and 36 normal lung tissues.ResultsA total of 125 differentially expressed miRNAs and 145 differentially methylated CpG loci were identified in the LUAD versus normal lung tissues of TCGA data. Expression of the 22 miRNAs was inversely correlated with the 47 differentially methylated sites located in the miRNAs. Molecular and cellular function analysis showed that the abnormally methylated miRNAs were mainly involved in cell‐to‐cell signaling and interaction in airway cells. The DNA methylation status and altered expressions of miRNAs and their target genes were confirmed in 36 pairs of lung tumor and noncancerous lung tissues. Furthermore, aberrant miRNA expressions or DNA methylations alone could be involved in tumorigenesis of LUAD via different pathways. In addition, elevated miR‐132‐3p expression, reduced expression of its targeted gene (ZEB2), and decreased cell proliferation was observed in lung cancer cells treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo analyses showed that miR‐132‐3p‐3p downregulation via DNA methylation promoted tumorigenicity of lung cancer by directly regulating ZEB2.ConclusionsThe interaction between two epigenetic aberrations could have important functions in LUAD. miR‐132‐3p might act as a tumor suppressor in the tumorigenicity of LUAD.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study
Systemically investigating relationship between aberrant miRNA expression and DNA methylation in lung cancer could improve understanding of lung tumorigenesis and develop diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
What this study adds
Three forms of relationships between the two epigenetic changes are defined.
miR‐132‐3p is further identified as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer.
Brief Report: Increased Addictive Internet and Substance Use Behavior During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in China
Authors: Sun Yan , Li Yangyang , Bao Yanping , Meng Shiqiu , Sun Yankun , Schumann Gunter , Kosten Thomas , Strang John , Lu Lin , Shi Jie 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic and control measures may have increased the risk of abusing addictive substances as well as addictive behaviors.MethodsWe present an initial online survey in 6416 Chinese about the relation between the COVID‐19 pandemic and addictive behavior in China.ResultsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, 46.8% of the subjects reported increased dependence on internet use, and 16.6% had longer hours of internet use. The prevalence (4.3%) of severe internet dependence rose up to 23% than that (3.5%) before the COVID‐19 pandemic occurred, and their dependence degree rose 20 times more often than being declined (60% vs 3%). Relapses to abuse from alcohol and smoking abstinence were relatively common at 19% and 25%, respectively. Similarly, 32% of regular alcohol drinkers and 20% of regular smokers increased their usage amount during the pandemic.Conclusion and Scientific SignificanceThese three coping behaviors (internet, alcohol, and smoking) during this COVID‐19‐related crisis appear to have increased the risk for substance use disorders and internet addiction. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00–00)
Menstrual symptoms and risk of preterm birth: A population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Rowlands Ingrid J. , Aye San Kyu Kyu , Schoenaker Danielle A. J. M. , Dobson Annette J. , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the prospective association between menstrual symptoms before pregnancy and preterm birth.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from 14 247 young Australian women born between 1973 and 1978 who participated in a longitudinal, population‐based cohort study between 1996 and 2015. Women were first surveyed at 18‐23 years, and seven waves of data were collected at roughly three‐yearly intervals. At each survey, women were asked about “severe period pain,” “heavy periods,” and “irregular periods” within the last 12 months. From 2009 onward, information on their children was collected, including birth dates and preterm birth (<37 weeks). Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations was used to examine prospective associations between self‐reported menstrual symptoms before pregnancy and risk of preterm birth.ResultsData from 6615 mothers who had 12 337 live singleton births were available for analysis. Among all births, women reporting severe period pain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34 [95% CI 1.10‐1.62]) or heavy periods (1.25 [1.02‐1.53]) before pregnancy had higher odds of preterm birth. However, in analyses stratified by birth order, only severe period pain (2.05 [1.41‐2.99]), heavy periods (1.77 [1.23‐2.55]), or irregular periods (1.58 [1.10‐2.28]) before a second or subsequent birth were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth.ConclusionsSevere period pain, heavy periods, and irregular periods before a second or subsequent birth may be associated with preterm birth.
The role of high‐dose melphalan with autologous stem‐cell transplant in multiple myeloma: is it time for a paradigm shift?
Authors: Kazandjian Dickran , Mo Clifton C. , Landgren Ola , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent advances in multiple myeloma include numerous approvals of novel therapies with unprecedented efficacy, a rapid and sustained tempo of new drug development, and further refinements to prognostication to include minimal residual disease (MRD) testing and improved risk stratification. The upfront use of immunomodulatory drug and proteasome inhibitor combinations followed by maintenance has resulted in transformative clinical benefit. Four‐drug regimens incorporating monoclonal antibodies are reporting unprecedented rates of complete response and MRD negativity in the absence of intensification. In the context of these advances, the added value of high‐dose melphalan with autologous stem‐cell transplant (HDM‐ASCT) is a key question. From a safety standpoint, HDM‐ASCT is associated with both acute toxicities that reduce quality of life and long‐term toxicities that may limit life expectancy for some patients. The present review discusses the recent advances in induction therapy, the impact of these advances on HDM‐ASCT, the evolving role of MRD testing and the short‐ and long‐term risks of HDM‐ASCT. Recognising that prospective data remains limited, we suggest that HDM‐ASCT not be considered mandatory for eligible newly diagnosed patients who are treated with highly efficacious regimens and achieve deep responses, but rather be held in reserve without early exposure to the clinical and genomic toxicity inherent to this approach.
Female presence enhances sexual performance of sterile Anastrepha ludens males of the Tapachula‐7 GSS strain
Authors: Arredondo José , Ruiz Lia , López Gladis , Pérez‐Staples Diana , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT), used for the control of many tephritid fly pests, is based on the rearing and release of large numbers of sexually competitive sterile insects into a wild population. In the interest of reducing expenses and increasing SIT effectiveness, genetic sexing strains (GSS) have been developed. These strains allow the production and release of only males. The objective of our study was to assess the effects of pre‐release adult exposure to methoprene and to females on the mating propensity and mating competitiveness of GSS sterile males of Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae). GSS sterile males were kept on a protein‐sugar (protein‐fed) or a protein‐sugar‐methoprene diet and were exposed to different proportions of females for the normal pre‐release period of 5 days. Using laboratory and field‐cage bioassays, we examined the influence of methoprene and female presence on the mating success of sterile males of 3–9 days old, in competition for wild females with untreated males and with wild males. Methoprene and female exposure had no significant effects on male mating success in the laboratory, whereas age had a positive relationship with the number of copulations observed. However, in field‐cage bioassays, males exposed to females obtained a higher number of copulations than unexposed control males. Possible implications of these findings for programs that use GSS and especially for the campaign against Mexican fruit flies are discussed.
Trait and state interoceptive abnormalities are associated with dissociation and seizure frequency in patients with functional seizures
Authors: Koreki Akihiro , Garfkinel Sarah N. , Mula Marco , Agrawal Niruj , Cope Sarah , Eilon Talia , Gould Van Praag Cassandra , Critchley Hugo D. , Edwards Mark , Yogarajah Mahinda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveDissociative traits represent a disturbance in selfhood that may predispose to, and trigger, functional seizures (FSs). The predictive representation and control of the internal physiological state of the body (interoception) are proposed to underpin the integrity of the sense of self (“minimal selfhood”). Therefore, discrepancies between objective and subjective aspects of interoception may relate to symptom expression in patients with FSs. Here, we tested whether individual differences in trait measures of interoception relate to dissociative symptoms, and whether state interoceptive deficits predict FS occurrence.MethodsForty‐one participants with FSs and 30 controls completed questionnaire ratings of dissociation, and measures of (1) interoceptive accuracy (IA)—objective performance on heartbeat detection tasks; (2) trait interoceptive sensibility—subjective sensitivity to internal sensations (using the Porges Body Perception Questionnaire); and (3) state interoceptive sensibility—subjective trial‐by‐trial measures of confidence in heartbeat detection. Interoceptive trait prediction error (ITPE) was calculated from the discrepancy between IA and trait sensibility, and interoceptive state prediction error (ISPE) from the discrepancy between IA and state sensibility.ResultsPatients with FSs had significantly lower IA and greater trait interoceptive sensibility than healthy controls. ITPE was the strongest predictor of dissociation after controlling for trait anxiety and depression in a regression model. ISPE correlated significantly with FS frequency after controlling for state anxiety.SignificancePatients with FSs have disturbances in interoceptive processing that predict both dissociative traits reflecting the disrupted integrity of self‐representation, and the expression of FSs. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiology of functional neurological disorder, and could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
An Application of HFE‐D for Evaluating Sea Water Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Southern Vietnam
Authors: Le Thi Thuy Van , Lertsirivorakul Rungruang , Bui Tran Vuong , Schulmeister Marcia K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coastal aquifers and inland waters of the Long Xuyen Quadrangle and Ca Mau Peninsula of southern Vietnam have been significantly impacted by sea water intrusion (SI) as a result of recent anthropogenic activities. This study identified the evolution and spatial distribution of hydrochemical conditions in coastal aquifers at this region using Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (HFE‐D) and Geographical Information System mapping. Hydraulic heads and water chemistry were measured at 31 observation wells in four layered aquifers during dry and rainy seasons in early (2005), and more recent (2016), stages of agricultural development. Hydrochemical facies associated with intrusion or freshening stages were mapped in each aquifer after assigning mixing index values to each facies. The position of groundwater freshening and SI phases differed in Holocene, Upper Pleistocene, Middle Pleistocene, and Lower Pleistocene aquifers. The geographic position of freshening and intrusion fronts differ in dry and rainy seasons, and shifted after 11 years of groundwater abstraction in all four aquifers. The spatial and temporal differences in hydrochemical facies distributions according to HFE‐D reflect the relative impact of SI in the four aquifers. The study results provide a better understanding of the evolution of groundwater quality associated with SI in a peninsular coastal aquifer system, and highlight the need for improving groundwater quality and management in similar coastal regions.
Diffuse MIST1 expression and decreased α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) glycosylation on MUC6 are distinct hallmarks for gastric neoplasms showing oxyntic gland differentiation
Authors: Yamada Shigenori , Yamanoi Kazuhiro , Sato Yoshiko , Nakayama Jun 
Published: June 2020

AimsGastric neoplasms showing oxyntic gland differentiation (GAOGs) constitute a gastric neoplasm subtype that shows low atypia, thus similar to non‐neoplastic gastric oxyntic glands. Therefore, their diagnosis in biopsy specimens is difficult. GAOGs were first described in 2007, and introduced in the latest World Health Organization classification book as gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA‐FG) and oxyntic gland adenoma. Previously, we assessed α1,4‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (αGlcNAc) residues attached to the MUC6 scaffold in gastric neoplasms, and observed decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation in both differentiated‐type gastric cancer and high‐grade pyloric gland adenoma (PGA), a gastric cancer precursor. GA‐FG and PGA often harbour the same mutations. However, the αGlcNAc status in GAOGs remained unknown. To elucidate αGlcNAc expression in GAOGs, we performed the study.Methods and resultsWe assessed the expression of αGlcNAc; the mucin markers MUC6, MUC5AC, and MUC2; the gastric gland cell markers MIST1, pepsinogen 1 (PG1), H/K‐ATPase and chromogranin‐A (CGA); and the proliferation marker Ki67 in 13 GAOG lesions. All 13 (100%) were MUC6‐positive, whereas 10 (76.2%) were αGlcNAc‐negative. Moreover, all 13 (100%) were MIST1‐ and PG1‐positive, three (23.1%) were MUC5AC‐positive, four (30.8%) were H/K‐ATPase‐positive, and one (7.7%) was CGA‐positive.ConclusionsGAOGs frequently lost αGlcNAc residues on MUC6, but expressed the gastric gland progenitor marker MIST1 and aberrantly expressed various types of gastric gland cell lineage marker, suggestive of immature differentiation to gastric gland cells. Thus, diffuse MIST1 positivity and decreased αGlcNAc glycosylation on MUC6‐positive cells could serve as important biomarkers for the histopathological diagnosis of GAOG.
Recommendations for management of diabetic foot ulcers during COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Kelahmetoglu Osman , Camlı Mehmet Fatih , Kirazoglu Ahmet , Erbayat Yusuf , Asgarzade Susan , Durgun Ufuk , Mehdizade Turan , Yeniocak Ali , Yildiz Kemalettin , Sonmez Ergun Selma , Guneren Ethem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 pandemia began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A total of 1 878 489 people were infected and 119 044 people were lost because of the disease and its complications by 15 April. Severe morbidity and mortality complications are mostly seen in elderly and patients having comorbidities. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of severe complications of diabetes mellitus and it may require urgent surgical interventions. In this paper, we aimed to create a management algorithm to prevent the unexpected complications that may occur in the patients and health care workers during the evaluation of COVID‐19 in DFU patients who require urgent surgical intervention. We advise the use of thorax computerised tomography for preoperative screening in all DFU patients with severe signs of infection and especially those requiring urgent surgery for both the detection of the possible undiagnosed COVID‐19 in the patient for the need for close follow‐up and protection of the surgical and anaesthesiology team.
Susceptibility of sunflower inbred lines and putative resistance sources to Smicronyx fulvus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Prasifka Jarrad R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a primary seed‐feeding pest of cultivated sunflowers, Helianthus annuus L., in North America. Host plant resistance is one tool available to complement insecticide‐based management of S. fulvus. Artificial infestations of 30 adult weevils per head were used to determine whether variation for susceptibility to S. fulvus exists in previously released inbred lines, and how a new weevil‐resistant line, HA 488, compares with other putative sources of resistance. Correcting for the number of seeds per head, 13 older inbred lines showed variation in per cent seed damage from 20% to 38%, with two lines (HA 412 HO, HA 821) being more damaged than most of the tested lines. Among four putative resistance sources, HA 488 was significantly less damaged (5%) than two previously identified open‐pollinated varieties (PI 170424, PI 253417, with 13%–14% seed damage), while the source of the resistance in HA 488, PI 431542, was statistically intermediate (12%). The resistance available in HA 488 is a marked improvement, potentially reducing damage per weevil by two thirds or more, but additional work on genetic markers for resistance, economic thresholds and basic weevil biology (e.g. degree‐day models for adult emergence) is needed to support implementation of integrated pest management for this key sunflower pest.
Wolbachia is present in the European grapevine moth
Authors: Pazian Marlon , Bacala Elisa , Rei Fernando T. , Nobre Tânia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana, has high economic impact on grapevines being one of the most harmful pests of vineyards worldwide. Wolbachia infection has not yet been reported for this moth. We systematically look for Wolbachia presence in L. botrana from three areas within the viticultural region of Alentejo (Portugal), via wsp gene specific PCR, and consistently found its presence. The interaction between the grapevine, its associated moth pest and the Wolbachia needs to be further explored, towards its potential in the development of symbiosis‐based pest management strategies.
Unexpected deep‐sea fish species on the Porcupine Bank (NE Atlantic): Biogeographical implications
Authors: Bañón Rafael , de Carlos Alejandro , Ruiz‐Pico Susana , Baldó Francisco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFour specimens corresponding to three rare deep‐water fish species were caught on the Porcupine Bank (Northeast Atlantic) in September 2019. These catches include the new northernmost records of Azores rockling Gaidropsarus granti and deep‐water dab Poecilopsetta beanii in the Atlantic Ocean and the second record of the latter species in its eastern zone. Three of the specimens were retained and their molecular identification also allowed the Cataetyx alleni DNA barcode to be obtained for the first time. The appearance of P. beanii, a West Atlantic species, in its eastern zone is discussed in relation to a possible phenomenon of transoceanic drift in the larval stage.
Fractional carbon dioxide laser for facial scarring due to windscreen glass shatter injury
Authors: Pai Anusha H. , Srinivas Pai Ganesh , Bhat Pavithra S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFacial injuries due to flying windscreen glass pieces are common in road accident and require surgical intervention by plastic surgeons to debride, suture, and dress the injuries. Posthealing patients visit dermatologists for further treatment of residual scar tissue. Interestingly, tiny papules or small nodular scars seen on otherwise level background which persists for beyond 3 months (scar modeling time) may actually harbor small fragments of glass. Such lesions can only be treated by fractional CO2 therapy.MethodsTwo patients who had papules and small nodular lesions on the accident scarred areas were subjected to fractional CO2 laser (ultraPulse, Lumenis)with moderate fluence and high density, once and observed over a period of 12 weeks.ResultsOn targeting the papules and small nodules, tiny particles of glass appeared out of the broken lesions.DiscussionIrrespective of the surgery done on accident victims involving windshield glass injuries, fractional CO2 may be considered at a later stage, especially with presence of papules interspersed in the area of facial scars.