bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Issue Salience Pushes Voters to the Left or to the Right
Authors: Walgrave Stefaan , van Erkel Patrick , Jennart Isaïa , Lefevere Jonas , Baudewyns Pierre 
Published: November 2020

How Issue Salience Pushes Voters to the Left or to the Right
Recent research demonstrates that political parties in western Europe are generally structured along one dimension – and often take more or less similar ideological positions on the economic and cultural dimension – whereas the policy preferences of voters are structured two dimensionally; a considerable part of the electorate combines left-wing stances on one dimension with right-wing stances on the other. These ideologically ‘unserved’ voters are the main focus of this study. Using data from a large-scale survey in Flanders and Wallonia, we demonstrate how the salience of the two dimensions explains whether these unserved voters ultimately end up voting for a right-wing or a left-wing party. Specifically, we show that these voters elect a party that is ideologically closest on the dimension that they deem most important at that time. To summarise, the findings of this study confirm that salience is a key driver of electoral choice, especially for cross-pressured voters.
Gender en geweld
Authors: Guns Wendy , Janssen Janine 
Published: November 2020

Gender and violence – About how the Netherlands navigates between gender neutrality and international attention for violence against women
Internationally the term ‘violence against women’ has been coined. In the Netherlands is referred to ‘violence in relations of dependency’. GREVIO has critiqued Dutch government for their ‘gender neutral’ approach towards intimate violence, amongst other things by using the term ‘violence in relations of dependency’ instead of ‘violence against women’. This contribution offers a critical analysis of GREVIO’s point of view regarding Dutch policies on domestic violence.
Twintig jaar groei van herstelrechtelijke programma’s
Authors: Lee Jee Aei , Dandurand Yvon 
Published: November 2020

Twenty Years Growth of Restorative Justice programmes – Reflections based on the second edition of the UNODC handbook
In this contribution, the authors take stock of the many diverse restorative justice programs that have been implemented in many countries, worldwide, over the past twenty years, and that have involved a number of problems. They also discuss a number of new developments and areas of concern, including victim participation, the relationship with common law, cases of serious crime and the role of the community. The authors hope the new UNODC Handbook on Restorative Justice Programmes to be as successful as the previous edition in promoting new ways to apply restorative justice principles in criminal matters and helping practitioners benefit from each other’s experience.
Karismatisk bergkrystall fra Ryfylkeheiane? Smykkestein som identitetsmarkør i yngre jernalder
Authors: Nyland Astrid J. 
Published: November 2020

In the 1960s and 1970s, large scale surveys related to hydro power developments in montane areas in Southwest Norway, recorded several rock crystals deposits and sites where crystals from these had been used both in the Stone Age and the Late Iron Age period. The Late Iron Age sites were interpreted as the first proof of locally produced rock crystal beads. In this article, I combine the production sites and rock crystal deposits to describe the operational chain of local bead production. This serves as the point of departure for a consideration of the value ascribed raw materials, local or regional vs. imported goods. I argue that symbolic aspects beyond economic value may have been the incentive for the local production, that is, qualities, such as rock crystals’ aesthetic, affective, or indeed charisma. Rock crystal beads from Late Iron Age graves in Rogaland are used as examples.
Sensorial Quality and Physicochemical Properties of Newly Developed Ice-Cream, with Plant Originated Stabilizer; Modified Kithul (Caryota urens) Flour
Authors: Wijesinghe J. A. A. C. , Manamperi K. M. P. , Nandasiri D. H. M. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: Replacement of existing stabilizer in ice cream industry by using modified Kithul (Caryota urens) flour which helps to reduce usage of other ingredients which are used for improve the texture and creaminess of the product was examined. Kithul (Caryota urens) flour has better stabilizing ability than other flour and it can be used in product diversification in the food industry. The objective of this study was to use modified Kithul (Caryota urens) flour as a new plant origin stabilizer for the production of ice cream which can be easily applied for ice cream machines.
Study Design: Three treatments were prepared as commercial stabilizer based (industrial mixture) as the control (A), and two samples with modified Kithul flour under two condition as without refrigerated (B) and 24 hours refrigerated (C) the modified Kithul flour with milk before preparing ice cream.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Plantation Management, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, between June 2019 and January 2020.
Methodology: Three samples were evaluated for its sensory properties and selected ice cream sample from the sensory evaluation (Treatment B) was evaluated for proximate composition and evaluated for physicochemical properties vs industrial ice cream as a control.
Results: The comparison revealed that modified Kithul flour-based ice cream (Treatment B) was better in terms of low cost of production, high overrun and high overall acceptability in the sensory analysis vs industrial ice cream (Treatment A).
Conclusion: According to the results of the evaluation of quality attributes, without refrigerated milk-modified Kithul flour mixture before making ice cream is better than the industrial ice cream due to their low cost of production, high overrun and high overall acceptability in sensory analysis.
Detection of Mycobacteria in Clinical Samples by the Newly Developed PaxView TB/NTM MPCR-ULFA Kit
Authors: Choo Jong-Hee , Kim Chang-Ki , Park Young-Kil 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed PaxView TB/NTM MPCR-ULFA Kit.
Study Design: Compared with the licensed AdvanSure TB/NTM real-time PCR.
Place and Duration of Study: SCL and PaxGenBio in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, between August 2018 and May 2019.
Methodology: In this study, 350 specimens including sputum, bronchial washing, body fluid, tissue, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid were examined to evaluate the performance of the PaxView TB/NTM MPCR-ULFA Kit compared to results of the currently licensed AdvanSure TB/NTM real-time PCR (LG Chem, Korea).
Results: Compared to the AdvanSure TB/NTM real-time PCR, the PaxView TB/NTM MPCR-ULFA Kit test was found to possess a 100% sensitivity. In other words, all 140 MTB and 61 non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) specimens that tested positive with the AdvanSure TB/NTM real-time PCR also tested positive with the PaxView TB/NTM MPCR-ULFA Kit. However, the specificity of the later kit found to be 97.9% (146/149; 95% CI 95.6–100.0), meaning that out of 149 MTB/NTM specimens that tested negative with the AdvanSure TB/NTM real-time PCR, 146 were identified as MTB/NTM-negative according to the PaxView TB/NTM MPCR-ULFA Kit. Nonetheless, the overall agreement between the two diagnostic tools was 99.1% (347/350; 95% CI 98.1– 100.0) and the kappa value was 0.982 (350; 95% CI 0.968 – 0.995), meaning that the two diagnostic tools rendered almost identical results.
Conclusion: The PaxView TB/NTM MPCR-ULFA Kit could be useful to identify MTB and NTM in resource-limited countries, as this procedure is far more cost-effective than real-time PCR and convenient than conventional gel electrophoresis approaches.
Retracted: Artificial Intelligence Relationship on Consumer Behavior in Marketing Theory
Authors: Nayeem Abdur Rakib , Islam Mohammad Khairul , Alam Md. Khorshed , Akter Mst. Fatema , Raja Md. Shahab Ali 
Published: November 2020

Various recently-introduced applications of artificial intelligence (AI) operate at the interface between businesses and consumers. This paper looks at whether these innovations have relevant implications for marketing theory. The latest literature on the connection between AI and marketing has emphasized a great variety of AI applications that qualify this relationship. Based on these studies but focusing only on the applications with a direct impact on the relationship at the very heart of marketing, i.e., the one between firms and consumers, the paper analyzes three categories of AI applications: AI-based shipping-then-shopping, AI-based service robots, and AI-based smart products and domestic robots. The main result of this first analysis is that all three categories have to do, each in their own way, with mass customization. A discussion of this common trait leads us to recognize their ways to mass customization that – unlike the traditional approach developed thanks to flexible automation and product modularity technologies – place the customization process within a broader perspective of consumer needs management. This change in approach means that marketing should focus more on managing consumers’ needs than directly on the satisfaction of those needs. This finding marks a genuine discontinuity that opens up a new space for reflection for scholars and marketing managers alike.

Retraction Notice: This paper has been retracted from the journal after receipt of written complains. This journal is determined to promote integrity in research publication. This retraction is in spirit of the same. After formal procedures editor(s) and publisher have retracted this paper on 10th November-2020. Related policy is available here: http://goo.gl/lI77Nn
Giant Intrapericardial Teratoma – Enough Space Left in the Neonatal Thorax?
Authors: Weidenbach Michael , Paech Christian , Hornemann Frauke , Vollroth Marcel 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Optimal treatment of fetal intrapericardial teratoma is controversial, especially in regard to fetal intervention. Given the rarity of the disease case reports can assist in decision making.
Case Report: We report on a neonate with a giant intrapericardial teratoma detected in utero, almost filling the entire thorax. Delivery was planned per cesarean section with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) stand-by. As a surprise the child adopted very well after birth, requiring only continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The tumor was resected on the next day without injuring cardiac structures. The child was and discharged on day 10 post-surgery.
Conclusion: Our case supports the assumption that even in very large tumors the postnatal course can be benign, if there is no fetal hydrops.
Efficacy of Levosalbutamol/Ipratropium Combination in Early Bronchodilator Reversibility
Authors: Iyigun Ozgun , Uzar Tugce , Karaman Irem , Dirican Adem , Ozkaya Sevket 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The bronchodilator test is a useful method for measuring the changes in lung capacity with spirometry after inhaling a short-acting bronchodilator drug to diagnose patients with obstructive lung disease. Although its liquid form was available, the inhaler form of levosalbutamol is a relatively new short-acting bronchodilator. To measure the efficacy of levosalbutamol in acute bronchodilator reversibility, in this study, we aimed to compare the effects of salbutamol and new levosalbutamol/ipratropium combination on early reversibility and FEV1 changes observed in bronchodilator tests.
Methods: Bronchodilator test results of forty-two patients who were selected according to the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed. The results of spirometry analysis were evaluated for twenty-four patients who received salbutamol (Group I) and eighteen patients who received levosalbutamol/ipratropium combination (Group II). Reversibility levels were evaluated as the absolute and percentage changes in FEV1.
Results: The changes of absolute and percentage values of mean FEV1 were 159±118 mL, 12.2%±11.4% in salbutamol (Group I) group and 233±191mL, 18.8%±15.6% in levosalbutamol / ipratropium (Group II) combination (p=0.025 and 0.048, respectively). Although no significant difference was observed in the reversibility results, Group II showed significantly improved FEV1 values compared to Group I.
Conclusion: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the combination of inhalation therapy with levosalbutamol and ipratropium bromide is more beneficial than salbutamol alone in terms of FEV1 improvement in bronchodilator test. We suggest that this combination can be a good candidate for utilization in diagnostic bronchodilator tests since it proved a specific higher improvement in FEV1 values.
Future Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge about Ebola Virus Disease: A Private University Students’ Perspective
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Khan Salah-Ud-Din , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge of future healthcare providers regarding the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in a private university.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling method. A self-developed and pre-validated tool was used to collect data from students studying in three health care faculties of a university in Malaysia. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 24.0 was used to analyze the data.
Results: More female students 170 (62.3%) participated in the present study than the male students 103 (37.7%), out of a total of 273 studied students. The majority of the final year students had an adequate knowledge towards EVD than the pre-final year students.
Conclusion: Overall appropriate and good knowledge was observed among the studied future healthcare providers. The present study concluded that pharmacy students had better knowledge regarding EVD than the rest of the studied students.
THE PROTEOGLYCAN DSD‐1‐PG OCCURS IN PERINEURONAL NETS AROUND PARVALBUMIN‐IMMUNOREACTIVE INTERNEURONS OF THE RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX
Authors: Wintergerst Eva Sabine , Faissner Andreas , Celio Marco R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractProteoglycans involved in the shaping of the developing brain are often preserved in the adult brain in more restricted locations. We have studied the fate of DSD‐1‐PG, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan containing the hybrid epitope DSD‐1. DSD‐1‐PG exerts neurite outgrowth promoting activity and has been shown to occur in the developing brain during late brain development and into adulthood. In the adult rat brain, monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against DSD‐1‐PG labelled only the circumference of a selected subpopulation of neurons. These nerve cells invariably expressed the calcium‐binding protein parvalbumin. The label occupied the extracellular space in close vicinity to the cell body, surrounding axon terminals and glial end feet, but was absent from synaptic clefts. DSD‐1‐PG is thus shown to be an additional representative of the growing list of substances found in perineuronal locations in the adult mammalian brain.
Gender differences in sympathoadrenal activity in rats at rest and in response to footshock stress
Authors: Weinstock Marta , Razin Michal , Schorer‐apelbaum Donna , Men Disheng , McCarty Richard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA comparison was made of the dynamics of sympathoadrenal activity in 11 age‐matched male and female rats, under basal conditions and after exposure to footshock. Rats were prepared with indwelling catheters in the tail artery 24 h before the experiment. Measurements were made of plasma corticosterone (COR), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) under resting conditions, after transfer to the shock box (novelty) and at various times after footshock. Under basal conditions, males have significantly higher blood pressure and plasma DHPG/NE ratios but lower plasma levels of COR, NE and DOPAC than females. Three min after exposure to the shock chamber (novelty stress) there were significant increases in COR, EPI, NE and DHPG in both sexes, while DOPA increased only in females and DOPAC remained unchanged in both sexes. Footshock produced a further increase in EPI, NE and DOPAC within 2 min, which lasted about 15 min. There were significant sex differences in the extent and duration of the response of COR, EPI and DHPG. The data show that the female sympathoadrenal system is more reactive than that of the male to the stresses of a novel environment and footshock. The smaller DHPG/NE ratios in females at rest and after stress suggest that neuronal uptake of NE is lower in females than in males. The finding that stress produces larger increments of plasma DOPA and DOPAC in female rats indicates that tyrosine hydroxylase in the sympathetic nerve terminals and adrenal medulla may also be higher than in males.
Stress inhibits the proliferation of granule cell precursors in the developing dentate gyrus
Authors: Tanapat Patima , Galea Liisa A.m , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe granule cell population of the dentate gyrus is produced predominantly during the postnatal period in rats. Previous studies have shown that experimental increases in the levels of adrenal steroids suppress the proliferation of granule cell precursors during the first postnatal week, the time of maximal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. These findings raise the possibility that stressful experiences that elevate adrenal steroid levels may inhibit the production of granule neurons, and thus alter the development of the dentate gyrus. To test this possibility, we exposed naive rat pups to the odors of a known predator, adult male rats, and examined both plasma corticosterone levels and the number of 3H‐thymidine labeled cells in the dentate gyrus. A single exposure of rat pups to adult male rat odor elevated corticosterone levels immediately and diminished the number of 3H‐thymidine labeled cells in the granule cell layer by 24 h later. These results suggest that stressful experiences suppress the production of granule neurons in the developing dentate gyrus.
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL on exercise tolerance in chronic heart failure — a substudy to the MERIT‐HF trial
Authors: Lars Gullestad , Cord Manhenke , Torbjørn Aarsland , Rita Skårdal , Hans Fagertun , John Wikstrand , John Kjekshus 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:β‐Blockade usually causes a slight reduction in exercise capacity among healthy subjects, while more variable results have been observed in chronic heart failure (CHF), probably related to patients studied, methods and agent used. The effect of metoprolol controlled release/extended release (CR/XL) on peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) in this patient population has not previously been investigated.Aims:We examined the effect of long‐term treatment with the selective β1‐receptor blocker metoprolol CR/XL once daily on exercise capacity in patients with CHF.Methods:Ninety‐four patients (70 males and 24 females; mean age 63.6±10.6 years) with chronic symptomatic heart failure in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II–IV, and with ejection fraction ≤40%, stabilized on optimum standard therapy were randomized to metoprolol CR/XL or placebo in a double‐blind trial. Exercise capacity was evaluated by peak VO2 at baseline, after 3 months and at the end of study (mean follow‐up 11.4±0.4 months).Results:Compared with placebo metoprolol CR/XL produced a significant decrease in heart rate by 11 beats/min at rest and 18 beats/min at peak exercise. There was a tendency for a temporal decline in peak VO2 after 3 months of therapy in both groups, but altogether peak VO2 remained unchanged from baseline with no difference between the groups at 1 year.Conclusions:In patients with moderate to severe CHF, 11.4 months of β1‐blockade with metoprolol CR/XL had no effect on exercise capacity when compared with placebo or baseline.
FMEA occurrence values for four failure modes occurring using look‐up tables for dose calculations
Authors: Nelson Geoff , Paxton Adam , Kunz Jeremy , Huang Jessica , Szegedi Martin , Sarkar Vikren , Salter Bill 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeFor a number of different treatment types [such as Total Body Irradiation (TBI), etc.] most institutions utilize tables from commissioned databooks to perform the dose calculations. Each time one manually looks up data from a large table and then copies the numbers for a manual calculation, there is potential for errors. While a second check effectively mitigates the potential error from such calculations, information regarding the frequency and nature of such mistakes is important to develop protocols and workflows that avoid related errors.MethodsFive years’ worth of TBI calculations were reviewed. Each calculation was re‐performed and evaluated against the original calculation and original second check. Any discrepancies were noted and those discrepancies were checked to see if the number was the result of misreading from the look‐up table, a typo, copying/skipping partially redundant steps, or rounding/avoiding interpolation. The number of calculations that contained these various types of discrepancies was tallied and percentages representing the frequency of said discrepancies were derived.ResultsAll of the discrepancies only resulted in a monitor unit (MU) calculation difference of <1.7%. Typos, looking up wrong values from tables, rounding/avoiding interpolation, and skipping steps occurred in 10.4% (3.1%), 6.3% (2.5%), 53.1% (5.1%), and 4.2% (2.0%) of MU calculations, respectively.ConclusionsWhile all of the discrepancies only resulted in a monitor unit (MU) calculation difference of <1.7%, this review shows how frequently various discrepancies can occur. Typos and rounding/avoiding interpolation are the steps most likely to potentially cause a miscalculation of MU. To avoid direct human interaction on such a large repetitive scale, creating forms that calculate MU automatically from initial measurement data would reduce the incidences that numbers are written/transcribed and eliminate the need to look up data in a table, thus reducing the chance for error.
Silicene Nanoribbons on an Insulating Thin Film
Authors: Quertite Khalid , Enriquez Hanna , Trcera Nicolas , Tong Yongfeng , Bendounan Azzedine , Mayne Andrew J. , Dujardin Gérald , Lagarde Pierre , El kenz Abdallah , Benyoussef Abdelilah , Dappe Yannick J. , Kara Abdelkader , Oughaddou Hamid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSilicene, a new 2D material has attracted intense research because of the ubiquitous use of silicon in modern technology. However, producing free‐standing silicene has proved to be a huge challenge. Until now, silicene could be synthesized only on metal surfaces where it naturally forms strong interactions with the metal substrate that modify its electronic properties. Here, the authors report the first experimental evidence of silicene nanoribbons on an insulating NaCl thin film. This work represents a major breakthrough, for the study of the intrinsic properties of silicene, and by extension to other 2D materials that have so far only been grown on metal surfaces.