bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Povidone-iodine-alcohol is superior to chlorhexidine-alcohol in its antimicrobial efficacy on the anaerobic microbial flora in surgical skin preparation of the shoulder Region
Authors: Dörfel Dorothea , Daeschlein Georg , Maiwald Matthias , Müller Gerald , Hudek Robert , Assadian Ojan , Kampf Günther , Kohlmann Thomas , Harnoss Julian-Camill , Kramer Axel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Cutibacterium acnes is part of the anaerobic skin microbiome and resides in deeper skin layers. The organism is an agent of surgical site infections (SSI) in shoulder surgery and is difficult to target with skin antisepsis. We hypothesized that prolonged preparation with an agent that penetrates more deeply into the skin is more effective in shoulder surgery. Thus, we compared two different classes of antiseptics, each combined with alcohol, and each applied with two different contact times.
Methods

Using a cross-over study design, shoulders of 16 healthy volunteers were treated for 2.5 min (standard) or 30 min (prolonged) with alcohol-based chlorhexidine (CHG-ALC; 2% w/v CHG, 55% w/v [70% v/v] 2-propanol) or alcohol-based povidone-iodine (PVP-I-ALC; 3.24% w/v PVP-I, 38.9% w/v 2-propanol, 37.3% w/v ethanol). Skin sites were sampled before, immediately after, and 3 h after treatment, using a standardized cup-scrub technique.
Results

Aerobic skin flora was reduced more effectively by PVP-I-ALC than by CHG-ALC after 2.5 min application and immediate sampling (reduction factor [RF] 2.55±0.75 vs. 1.94±0.91, p = 0.04), but not after prolonged contact times and 3-h sampling. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were completely eliminated after PVP-I-ALC application, but still recovered from 3 of 16 and 1 of 16 samples after 2.5-min and 30-min CHG-ALC application and immediate sampling, respectively. Anaerobic flora, mostly consisting of C. acnes, was reduced more effectively by PVP-I-ALC than by CHG-ALC after standard (RF 3.96±1.46 vs. 1.74±1.24, p < 0.01) and prolonged (RF 3.14±1.20 vs. 1.38±1.16, p < 0.01) contact times. Sampling 3 h after treatment did not show any significant difference. None of the volunteers reported adverse events.
Conclusions

PVP-I-ALC is more efficacious than CHG-ALC for topical skin antisepsis concerning the anaerobic flora on the skin of the shoulder. Standard and prolonged contact times demonstrated superiority for PVP-I-ALC for samples taken immediately, but missed significance 3 h after application. The results underscore the need for protection against C. acnes and coagulase-negative staphylococci in orthopaedic surgery and the need to prevent infections caused by these organisms. The clinical relevance of these findings, however, should be studied with SSI as an endpoint.
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on general surgical emergencies: Are some emergencies really urgent? Level 1 Trauma center experience
Authors: Surek Ahmet , Ferahman Sina , Gemici Eyup , Dural Ahmet Cem , Donmez Turgut , Karabulut Mehmet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on general surgical emergencies. On the other hand, we analyzed the effectiveness of the measures we have taken and the incidence of COVID-19 of patients and healthcare professionals.Method: In the pandemic period between March 14 and May 15, 2020, and in the same period of the previous year, the files of patients who underwent emergency surgery and followed up nonoperatively were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of COVID-19 was questioned in patients operated on in the pandemic period and in health professionals working in the general surgery department.Results: Demographic data were similar between the two groups. The number of patients operated on in the pandemic group (n = 103) was lower than during the control group (n = 252) (p = 0.001). In the pandemic group, there was a significant decrease in the number of surgeries of uncomplicated appendicitis, acute cholecystitis and incarcerated hernia (p=0.001, p=0.005, p=0.001, respectively). Others surgeries were similar in both groups. In the pandemic group, nonoperatively follow-up rates were significantly lower in acute mechanical intestinal obstruction and acute cholecystitis (p=0.001, p=0.011, respectively). The findings of COVID-19 were positive in 6(6/103, %5.82) patients undergoing emergency surgery. None of our doctors had COVID-19 infection (0/20). The findings were positive only in 2 nurses from the general surgery department(2/24, %8,33).Conclusion: In these and similar pandemics, we think that a new algorithm is needed to approach emergencies and the results of this study can help for that.
Factores que determinan la competitividad del Parque Acuícola Cruz de Piedra en Empalme, Sonora, México
Authors: De La Torre Valdez Hugo César , Peralta Salazar Yosselin , Olivas Valdez Erika , Durazo Bringas María Guadalupe 
Published: June 2020

La teoría establece que la competitividad se logra a partir de la capacidad de mejorar e inno-var; así, la ventaja competitiva se genera y se mantiene por medio de un proceso localizado en sectores. En el estado de Sonora (México), la actividad acuícola vinculada al cultivo de camarón experimenta un crecimiento a lo largo de un ciclo caracterizado por altibajos en la producción. Aspectos como inocuidad, falta de organización, surgimiento de enfermedades, agotamiento de recursos, falta de financiamiento e infraestructura influyen en el nivel de competitividad de esta. Este contexto lo afronta el Parque Acuícola Cruz de Piedra, localizado en el municipio de Empalme, Sonora, el cual muestra una serie de factores que determinan la competitividad productiva de este. Se realizó un estudio mixto, que comprende tres segmen-tos: 1) revisión documental sobre el desarrollo acuícola en Sonora; 2) análisis de estadísticas oficiales y estimación del rendimiento productivo de las unidades acuícolas, y 3) obtención de información en campo, que abarca el contexto local de los productores, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con informantes clave. La competitividad se divide en dos: una externa regional, que incluye el aprovechamiento de ventajas comparativas a partir de la construcción de un contexto competitivo (desarrollo científico, marco jurídico y apertura comercial), y otra interna local, que implica la generación de ventajas competitivas en el parque acuícola (contexto social, desarrollo tecnológico, cohesión empresarial, normatividad y comercialización). La competitividad deriva de un conjunto de factores que permiten que la acuicultura de camarón subsista como actividad de riesgo. Los productores despliegan un conjunto de estrategias vinculadas a la inocuidad. Por ello, la competitividad se asocia a inocuidad, y esta se logra con cohesión y sustentabilidad, elementos identificados en el Parque Acuícola Cruz de Piedra.
A atuação do Psicólogo junto aos familiares e ao paciente oncológico
Authors: Severino dos Santos Pio Eleni , De Mello Andrade Maria Clara 
Published: June 2020

O câncer é uma patologia que pode interferir de forma significativa na vida do sujeito e de seu familiar/cuidador. Neste contexto, surge a Psico-oncologia, uma área de interface entre a Psicologia e a Oncologia. O presente estudo busca analisar o papel da Psico-oncologia na trajetória do doente e de sua família no processo de adoecimento do câncer. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, através da busca ativa de informações em livros, revistas e artigos acadêmicos. A partir do levantamento da literatura revisada, destacamos que a atuação do psicólogo no cuidado oncológico se dá por meio do apoio psicossocial e psicoterapêutico através de grupos de apoios, acolhimento, assistência, escuta, entre outras práticas, visando propiciar um melhor enfrentamento da doença entre os envolvidos. De modo geral, pode-se inferir que a Psico-oncologia é uma ferramenta contemporânea e indispensável na promoção da qualidade de vida ao paciente com câncer, a sua família e à equipe que o acompanha.
Palavras-chave: Câncer. Família. Paciente. Psico-oncologia
Considerações sobre a importância da fala na psicanálise e sua afinidade com o programa de doze passos de Alcoólicos Anônimos
Authors: Silva Ana Lúcia Cavalcanti de , Cabral Samico Fernanda 
Published: June 2020

O trabalho tem como finalidade articular, sob o ponto de vista da psicanálise, os efeitos produzidos pelo ato de fala direcionada ao ouvinte, em dois ambientes discursivos distintos, apontando para a importância da linguagem na estruturação do inconsciente. Pretende levar, a partir de um recorte, informação sobre a dinâmica de funcionamento de um grupo de A.A. - irmandade norteada por um programa de doze passos - que assim como a psicanálise, porém sem substituí-la, lança mão do discurso do sujeito que traz consigo uma demanda, um sofrimento, para promover a sua recuperação E, mais especificamente, lançar um apelo no sentido de abrirmos a mente para o reconhecimento desse espaço de “cura”, traduzida segundo Freud como “a reorganização do Eu”, […] Efetivamente, Freud fala da ampliação do Eu e define a cura como a produção de um ser psíquico novo. Mesmo assim concebida, a cura continua sendo uma ideia, um ideal vago. (1927)
A Prevalência da insônia no meio médico e o uso de substâncias relacionadas
Authors: Fiore Schumann Taianne , Lima De Falco Mariana , César Pires Oscar , Pereira de Souza Priscila 
Published: June 2020

A insônia é o distúrbio do sono mais frequente da população geral, sabe-se que ela é perpetuada por fatores de condicionamento, como poucas horas dormidas e alternância entre sono noturno e diurno. Essa é uma realidade vivenciada no meio médico. Nesse contexto, o debate dessa temática é relevante frente a esses profissionais, visto que, além de prejudicar a qualidade de vida, o distúrbio pode proporcionar a adoção de hábitos inadequados. Este trabalho visa demonstrar a prevalência da insônia entre os médicos e do uso de substâncias relacionadas através de estudo observacional transversal, desenvolvido a partir de um questionário de aplicado a médicos especialistas da Universidade de Taubaté. Dos 34 médicos avaliado, 47,06% são insones, valor superior ao descrito por estudos que avaliaram a recorrência desse transtorno na população geral. Ademais, foi constatado que o sintoma mais relatado e relacionado à insônia foi a fadiga. Quanto ao uso de substâncias, verificou-se que 62,5% da amostra informou ingerir cafeína com a finalidade de promover a vigília, ao passo que 43% referiu fazer uso do álcool como indutor do sono. Outras substâncias utilizadas para proporcionar a vigília ou o sono foram relatadas, tais como Anfetaminas, fármacos e drogas fitoterápicas. Portanto, é válido discutir a insônia e o uso de substâncias associadas a ela no meio médico, uma vez que esse transtorno do sono tem impacto estatístico, além de afetar a saúde física e mental desses indivíduos, acarretando prejuízos no exercício da profissão.
Palavras chave: Insônia; Sono; Médicos; Substâncias; Fadiga.
Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of Amide Bond using WEB
Authors: Kamanna Kantharaju , Khatavi S.Y. , Hiremath P.B. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Amide bond plays a key role in medicinal chemistry, and the analysis of bioactive
molecular database revealed that the carboxamide group appears in more than 25% of the existing
database drugs. Typically amide bonds are formed from the union of carboxylic acid and
amine; however, the product formation does not occur spontaneously. Several synthetic methods
have been reported for amide bond formation in literature. Present work demonstrated simple and
eco-friendly amide bond formation using carboxylic acid and primary amines through in situ generation
of O-acylurea. The reaction was found to be more efficient, faster reaction rate; simple work-up
gave pure compound isolation in moderate to excellent yield using microwave irradiation as compared
to conventional heating.

Methods:
Developed one-pot synthesis of amide compounds using agro-waste derived greener catalyst
under microwave irradiation.

Results:
Twenty amide bond containing organic compounds are synthesized from carboxylic acid
with primary amine catalyzed by agro-waste derived medium under microwave irradiation. First, the
reaction involved carboxylic acid activation using EDC.HCl, which is the required base for the neutralization
and coupling. The method employed natural agro-waste derived from banana peel ash
(WEB) for the coupling gave target amide product without the use of an external organic or inorganic
base.

Conclusion:
In the present work, we demonstrated that agro-waste extract is an alternative greener
catalytic medium for the condensation of organic carboxylic acid and primary amine under microwave
irradiation. The method found several advantages compared to reported methods like solventfree,
non-toxic, cheaper catalyst, and simple reaction condition. The final isolated product achieved
chromatographically pure by simple recrystallization and did not require further purification.
Fuzzy Digital Filter Device Study for the Robot Manipulator
Authors: Bobyr M. V. , Milostnaya N. A. , Bulatnikov V. A. , Luneva M. Yu. 
Published: June 2020

Рurpose of research. Situations that reduce the accuracy of links positioning often arise due to the drab of contacts during the operation of robot manipulator. One of this problem solutions is signal filtering. Modern digital filtering algorithms have a rather complex mathematical structure. Data processing in such filters takes long time. So the purpose of this work is to develop fast-acting fuzzy digital filter device capable to eliminate the problem of contact scrapping when positioning the links of robot manipulator.Methods. Generalized mathematical model was used in the development of digital filter device. This model is implemented by using fuzzy logic theory. Generalized mathematical model of the fuzzy digital filter includes a model determining a support of fuzzy output variable, a model for determining coefficients of fuzzy digital filter and a model for converting the output voltage into a rotation angle of robot manipulator servo drive. This mathematical model makes it possible to recalculate the voltage supplied to the input of fuzzy digital filter using two control coefficients thereby improving the positioning accuracy of robot manipulator links.Results. During experimental studies, comparative analysis of developed fast-acting device of fuzzy digital filter with Kalman filter was carried out. The RMSE standard error for two filters was calculated. The average RMSE value of the fuzzy digital filter was 0.0185 of Kallman's filter was 0.0193.Conclusion. Generalized mathematical model of fuzzy digital filter device consisting of three models is described. Device implementing determination of caliper of fuzzy output variable, experimental model of robot manipulator, experimental research and proposed mathematical model are presented.
An Algorithm of Image Segmentation Based on Persistent Homology for Solving Defects Searching Problems
Authors: Eremeev S. V. , Romanov S. A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research is to develop an image segmentation algorithm based on the persistent homology for solving problems of searching and classifying defects. The algorithm is aimed at improving the quality of products at enterprises with continuous production (metallurgy, woodworking, and others).Methods. To segment an image, it is proposed to specify links between pixels in the image. In the future, during the iterative breaking of links, as their weights increase, pixels will be combined into groups called holes. Pixels that are in a single group have both their original characteristics and characteristics common for the entire group, and they also change the weights of their links with representatives of other groups. This creates a history of the formation of separate groups of pixels which can be specified as segments with a time-based characteristic of the change.Results. The result of the research is the development of an algorithm designed to search for and classify defects in various materials. The optimal algorithm for applying the principle of persistent homology to images has been developed, and factors determining the transition boundaries of image objects have been analyzed and selected. The segmentation algorithm was tested on metal images obtained from sheet rolling equipment. The results of comparing the proposed algorithm with the K-means and Mean-Shift segmentation algorithms for different parameters are provided in the article.Conclusion. Using persistent homology in image segmentation tasks can enable creating a tool that can be applied to materials with different structures without any need for significant changes. The software implementation of the segmentation process based on the principles of computer topology has shown high flexibility due to the storing of the history of segment changes.
Improving Gear Milling Efficiency by Creating Prefabricated Cutters with Replaceable Cutting Carbide Plates
Authors: Artamonov E. V. , Kireev V. V. , Zyryanov V. A. 
Published: June 2020

Today, when machining domestic-made worm milling cutter according to GOST 9324-80, a problem arises in their durability at the roughing stage. Russian tool companies engaged in the manufacture of metal cutting tools do not currently offer prefabricated worm tools with cutting elements made of hard alloy tools for machining large-modular gears.Purpose of research. Creation of prefabricated structures for machine-building enterprises with replaceable cutting carbide plates (RCHAP). Due to this, the productivity of equipment already available at the enterprise is increased several times, the economic efficiency of introducing high-quality metal-cutting tools makes it possible to purchase modern equipment and make the work of machine operators at machine-building enterprises more efficient and less time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a fundamentally new technical solution, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of machining gears with a metal-cutting tool, with the arrangement of replaceable carbide cutting plates in the prefabricated initial contour of the manufacturing rail in worm milling cutters.Methods. The research method is the use of graphic simulation, which allows you to determine the size of the crosssectional area of the cut layer for the cutting elements of the worm tool.Results. Improving the processing efficiency will be achieved by implementing a group cutting scheme in a prefabricated worm milling cutter by using a larger number of main and side carbide cutting inserts on an Archimedean tool worm, which allow sequentially cutting the machining allowance and reducing the feed rate to the cutting insert, to ensure milling uniformity throughout the processing stage, and also reduce the magnitude of shock loads on cutting carbide elements of a precast tool.Conclusion. The use of replaceable carbide plates in a group cutting scheme increases the durability and reliability of a precast worm cutter.
Implementation of Contact-Condensation Hardening Theory Mechanisms when Forming Building Composites
Authors: Stepanova M. P. , Sotnikova O. A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of research is to study cheaper composite materials for building structures such as cement-free ones without heat treatment, which will undoubtedly allow finding their application in building industry. To achieve this goal it is necessary to identify patterns of structure formation of clinker-free contact condensation hardening composite materials in which portlandite crystals act as a matrix, and the physicochemical active component of natural origin acts as a filler.Methods. In accordance with the purpose set, one of the main tasks of the work was to be solved; it involved study-ing the patterns of structure formation of contact-condensation hardening systems relying on the basic principles of materials science, which include studying the influence of the composition, structure and state of the starting com-ponents on the properties of a composite material. In this work, we studied the role of the physicochemical activity of raw materials and the possibility of ‘combining’ a portlandite matrix with filling mechano-physicochemical active raw materials capable of producing new structures. To form the composite material, a compaction pressing technique at elevated specific pressures was used, which made it possible to implement the mechanisms of contact condensation technology of structure formation. The formation of physicochemical bonds of portlandite and aluminosilicate filler of various types is also possible with certain ratios of their mass fractions and V/I ratios the optimization of which was one of our objectives.Results. The result of this work is to assess the impact of raw material characteristics and technology parameters on the properties of the resulting material, namely, the improvement of the compacting pressure and the amount of filler when getting a compacted composite.Conclusion. The development of a technology of producing clinker-free contact condensation composites based on portlandite with aluminosilicate filler will expand the raw material base of local building materials, reduce their cost and energy consumption, that is, solve key issues of resource saving in the building materials production.
Two-Way Text Messaging to Support Self-Care and Delivery of an Online Sexual Health Service: Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Shanks Sarah , Morelli Alessandra , Ardines Elena , Holdsworth Gillian , Baraitser Paula 
Published: June 2020

Background
Digital health care is increasingly used to improve health service accessibility and reduce costs. Remote health care requires a significant self-management role for service users, and this generates information provision and support needs that should be reflected in service planning. SMS text messaging offers a convenient and low-cost method of communication and is increasingly used across digital health care services to provide remote support.

Objective
The aim of this study was to quantify the number of messages generated through user interaction with a two-way SMS text messaging support service within an online sexual health service and to thematically explore the content of the messages and type of support required to facilitate self-management.

Methods
The content of all SMS text messages received by an online sexual health service was analyzed from April 4, 2018, to July 5, 2018. Messages were classified as being either administrative or clinical in nature and service or user initiated. For those messages that were both clinical and user initiated, a qualitative thematic analysis was completed to fully describe the content of the interactions.

Results
A total of 267 actionable messages were generated per 1000 orders requested through the service. Of the 8562 messages, 5447 (63.62%) messages were administrative and 3115 (36.38%) were clinical. Overall, 4306 of the 8562 messages (50.29%) responded to service-generated queries reflecting the public health and clinical responsibilities of an online provider, and 4256 (49.71%) were user-generated queries, demonstrating a willingness by users to proactively engage with a two-way SMS text messaging support service. Of the 3115 clinical messages, 968 (31.08%) clinical messages were user initiated and shared personal and complex clinical information, including requests for help with the self-testing process and personalized clinical advice relating to symptoms and treatment.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the willingness of users of an online sexual health service to engage with two-way SMS text messaging and provides insight into the quantity and nature of the support required to facilitate service delivery and self-care. Further work is required to understand the range of clinical problems that can be managed within this medium.