bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacto funcional y psicosocial del uso de prótesis de bajo costo en impresión 3D en amputado unilateral de antebrazo: estudio de un caso
Authors: Zúñiga U Jorge , Reyes B Sergio , Soto R Denisse , Llorente D Lorena 
Published: December 2020

Introducción: Los pacientes que presentan una amputación a nivel trans-radial cuentan con oferta reducida de dispositivos protésicos (gancho y mano cosmética). Postulamos que disponer de nuevos sistemas protésicos 3D de bajo

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IMPACTO FUNCIONAl y PSICOSOCIAl DEl USO DE PRóTESIS DE BAJO COSTO EN IMPRESIóN 3D

costo y la experiencia de su uso, permitirá aumentar las opciones para mejorar funcionalidad, actividad y participación. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto fun-cional y psicosocial del uso de mano protésica manufacturada con impresión 3D. Método: Se seleccionó un paciente Teletón con amputación transradial de antebrazo izquierdo nivel tercio medio, 15 años de edad, con consentimiento informado. Se tomó molde en yeso y confeccionó prótesis 3D fabricada en acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno (ABS) y ácido poli-láctico (PLA); el pulgar tiene dos articulaciones y los demás dedos tres articulaciones. La prótesis la constituyen también el antebrazo y muñeca. El usuario recibió cuatro sesiones de entrenamiento con la prótesis en el lapso de un mes. Las evaluaciones con pauta de funcionalidad de mano Bilan 400 points modificada, índice funcio-nal de las extremidades superiores (UEFI) y escala del impacto psicosocial de la asistencia tecnológica (PIADS), se aplicaron previo al ingreso, a tres y once meses de seguimiento. Resultados: La funcionalidad de mano mostró un incremento de alrededor de 30% con ambos instrumentos. En medición PIADS, competencia, autoestima y adaptabilidad, variaron de ningún efecto de la asistencia tecnológica, hasta el máximo de 3 puntos para adaptabilidad en el seguimiento a 11 meses. Conclusión: Este estudio de caso destaca poten-ciales beneficios del uso de prótesis de extremidad superior en el desempeño funcional y calidad de vida.
Dall’ecologia politica attraverso il Capitalocene per una società ecologica
Authors: Piras Gioacchino 
Published: December 2020

In the context of Political Ecology, this paper traces the main interpretations that have emphasized the need to rethink the relationship between nature and society in order to find new solutions to the ecological crisis. We will first consider the concept of Capitalocene as an alternative to that of Anthropocene; we will then analyze the reorganization of social relations proposed by Bookchin as well as the concretization of these principles in the democratic confederation of Rojava. The aim of this reflection is to study the social reorganization of democratic confederalism, in its anti-hierarchical, feminist, ecological and selfgoverning dimension, as a perspective in harmony with the theory of the oikeios and, therefore, as a real solution to the ecological crisis.
Gestire o nascondere i conflitti socio-ambientali? La Social Licence to Operate nelle attività petrolifere dell’Amazzonia ecuadoriana
Authors: Diantini Alberto , Pappalardo Salvatore Eugenio , Codato Daniele , De Marchi Massimo 
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this research was to critically examine the concept of Social Licence to Operate (SLO) in an oil concession of the Ecuadorian Amazon inhabited by indigenous villages. In this paper we present the qualitative data of the semi-structured interviews and the household survey with village residents. The main findings revealed the important role of the involvement of communities in the decision-making processes (procedural fairness), people’s perceptions of company’s socio-environmental impacts, the management of forms of protest and social services in the communities. Particularly, the results suggested that procedural fairness and the respect of communities’ right of self-determination are the basic requisite for the application of the SLO concept in the study area.
Relative Privilege, Risk, and Sense of Community: Understanding Latinx Immigrants’ Empowerment and Resilience Processes Across the United States
Authors: Buckingham Sara L. , Brodsky Anne E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLatinx immigrants regularly navigate adversity and oppression through resilience and empowerment; however, little research has sought to delineate when, how, and why they may engage in either process. Through the Transtheoretical Model of Empowerment and Resilience, this paper examines how Latinx immigrants living in distinct U.S. contexts interact with their communities. Seventy‐three Latinx immigrants (ages 18 to 70, M = 40.85, SD = 13.65) participated in 12 focus groups in Albuquerque, NM; Maricopa County, AZ; Baltimore, MD; and Richmond, VA. Participants had lived in the United States for less than 1 to 39 years (M = 14.19, SD = 8.72) and had varying immigration statuses. Analyses revealed that empowerment and resilience goals diverged by individuals’ beliefs in the degree to which external change was vital, possible, and theirs to attempt. Beliefs coincided with the fundamental risk posed, based on the interaction of a context’s conditions with an individual’s characteristics and sense of community. Results indicate that while resilience is important to navigate risky settings, it may uphold oppressive power structures because it is consistent with the status quo. Interventions to spur external change should involve empowering processes, including facilitating gains in relative privilege and fostering sense of community.
Modeling flux in tangential flow filtration using a reverse asymmetric membrane for Chinese hamster ovary cell clarification
Authors: Zhang Da , Patel Parag , Strauss Daniel , Qian Xianghong , Wickramasinghe S. Ranil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTangential flow filtration is advantageous for bioreactor clarification as the permeate stream could be introduced directly to the subsequent product capture step. However, membrane fouling coupled with high product rejection has limited its use. Here, the performance of a reverse asymmetric hollow fiber membrane where the more open pore structure faces the feed stream and the barrier layer faces the permeate stream has been investigated. The open surface contains pores up to 40 μm in diameter while the tighter barrier layer has an average pore size of 0.4 μm. Filtration of Chinese hamster ovary cell feed streams has been investigated under conditions that could be expected in fed batch operations. The performance of the reverse asymmetric membrane is compared to that of symmetric hollow fiber membranes with nominal pore sizes of 0.2 and 0.65 μm. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to observe the locations of particle entrapment. The throughput of the reverse asymmetric membrane is significantly greater than the symmetric membranes. The membrane stabilizes an internal high permeability cake that acts like a depth filter. This stabilized cake can remove particulate matter that would foul the barrier layer if it faced the feed stream. An empirical model has been developed to describe the variation of flux and transmembrane pressure drop during filtration using reverse asymmetric membranes. Our results suggest that using a reverse asymmetric membrane could avoid severe flux decline associated with fouling of the barrier layer during bioreactor clarification.
Potential of Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Peptide Analogs for Drug Development
Authors: Wtorek Karol , Janecka Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNociceptin receptor (NOP) belongs to the family of opioid receptors but was discovered and characterized much later than the so called classical opioid receptors, μ, δ and κ (or MOP, DOP and KOP, resp.). Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous ligand of this receptor and it controls numerous important functions in the central nervous system and in the periphery, so its analogs may be developed as innovative drugs for the treatment of a variety of conditions and pathological states. Availability of potent and selective ligands with high affinity to NOP receptor is essential to fully understand the role of NOP‐N/OFQ system in the body, which in turn may lead to designing novel therapeutics. Here, we have focused on reviewing the structure of potent peptide‐based agonists, antagonists, biased analogs and bivalent ligands that target NOP receptor.
Moisture‐Resistant FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cell with 22.25 % Power Conversion Efficiency through Pentafluorobenzyl Phosphonic Acid Passivation
Authors: Akman Erdi , Shalan Ahmed Esmail , Sadegh Faranak , Akin Seckin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for photovoltaic applications, owing to their low‐cost assembly, exceptional performance, and low‐temperature solution processing. However, the advancement of PSCs towards commercialization requires improvements in efficiency and long‐term stability. The surface and grain boundaries of perovskite layer, as well as interfaces, are critical factors in determining the performance of the assembled cells. Defects, which are mainly located at perovskite surfaces, can trigger hysteresis, carrier recombination, and degradation, which diminish the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the resultant cells. This study concerns the stabilization of the α‐FAPbI3 perovskite phase without negatively affecting the spectral features by using 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl phosphonic acid (PFBPA) as a passivation agent. Accordingly, high‐quality PSCs are attained with an improved PCE of 22.25 % and respectable cell parameters compared to the pristine cells without the passivation layer. The thin PFBPA passivation layer effectively protects the perovskite layer from moisture, resulting in better long‐term stability for unsealed PSCs, which maintain >90 % of the original efficiency under different humidity levels (40–75 %) after 600 h. PFBPA passivation is found to have a considerable impact in obtaining high‐quality and stable FAPbI3 films to benefit both the efficiency and the stability of PSCs.
Exergoeconomic analysis of a pumped heat electricity storage system based on a Joule/Brayton cycle
Authors: Dietrich Axel , Dammel Frank , Stephan Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStoring electrical energy in the form of thermal energy, pumped heat electricity storage (PHES) systems are a location‐independent alternative to established storage technologies. Detailed analyses, considering the transient operation of PHES systems based on commercially available or state‐of‐the‐art technology, are currently not publicly accessible. In this work, numerical models that enable a transient simulation of PHES systems are developed using the process simulation software EBSILON® Professional. A PHES system based on a Joule/Brayton cycle is designed, considering commercially available and state‐of‐the‐art components. Employing the developed models and an exergoeconomic analysis, the transient operation of the PHES system is simulated and evaluated. The analyzed PHES system reaches a round‐trip efficiency of 42.9%. The exergoeconomic analysis shows that PHES systems have higher power‐specific costs than established storage technologies. They can currently not be economically operated at the day‐ahead market for Germany and Austria, which is predominantly resulting from high purchased equipment costs. However, PHES systems have the advantage of being location‐independent.
Translation of “The Black Woman: A Portrait”
Authors: de Sant'Anna Machado Taís , Perry Keisha‐Khan Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay introduces the translation of the text “The Black Woman: A Portrait” by Afro‐Brazilian feminist anthropologist Lélia Gonzalez. She is one of the most celebrated black feminist activist‐scholars in Brazil, and was one of the first black women to receive a Ph.D. in anthropology. In her short life, she traveled extensively around the Americas giving lectures on the plight and resistance of black Brazilians, and was one of the most prolific writers. She has been compared to Angela Davis, and would add Claudia Jones, because of her black left feminist ideas. “The Black Woman: A Portrait” is one of the first essays she published over four decades ago in 1979. The essay focuses on the life of a black woman in Rio de Janeiro, highlights essential elements of Brazilian gendered racialized history, some of which have been well‐documented in the anthropological literature on Brazil written in English. This translation project represents an example of the radical citational practices that the Cite Black Women project proposes.
Does environment quality and public spending on environment promote life expectancy in China? Evidence from a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach
Authors: Shah Muhammad Haroon , Wang Nianyong , Ullah Irfan , Akbar Ahsan , Khan Karamat , Bah Kebba 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnvironmental quality has become a growing concern for Chinese society since the last 2 decades in China. The large contribution of different pollutants severely affected the environmental quality that untimely affects life expectancy in the country. In this backdrop, the present study investigates the impact of environmental quality and public spending on the environment for life expectancy in China using the period 1999Q1–2017Q4. We employ nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) approach for the empirical assessment. The outcomes of the study reveal the existence of a long‐run relationship between environmental quality, public spending on the environment and life expectancy in China. The empirical finding reported that life expectancy reacts differently in response to positive and negative shocks of environmental quality both in the long‐ and short‐run. Environmental quality and spending on the environment increase the life expectancy, furthermore, population has a positive and significant association with life expectancy only in short run while in long run it does not affect. Hence, the government needs to roll out policies to enhance environmental quality and ensure adequate funding for environmental preservation, to achieve both longevity of society and sustainability of the eco‐system.
The role of novel motor unit magnetic resonance imaging to investigate motor unit activity in ageing skeletal muscle
Authors: Birkbeck Matthew G. , Blamire Andrew M. , Whittaker Roger G. , Sayer Avan Aihie , Dodds Richard M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSarcopenia is a progressive and generalized disease, more common in older adults, which manifests as a loss of muscle strength and mass. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is still poorly understood with many mechanisms suggested. Age associated changes to the neuromuscular architecture, including motor units and their constituent muscle fibres, represent one such mechanism. Electromyography can be used to distinguish between different myopathies and produce counts of motor units. Evidence from electromyography studies suggests that with age, there is a loss of motor units, increases to the sizes of remaining units, and changes to their activity patterns. However, electromyography is invasive, can be uncomfortable, does not reveal the exact spatial position of motor units within muscle and is difficult to perform in deep muscles. We present a novel diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging technique called ‘motor unit magnetic resonance imaging (MUMRI)’. MUMRI aims to improve our understanding of the changes to the neuromuscular system associated with ageing, sarcopenia and other neuromuscular diseases. To date, we have demonstrated that MUMRI can be used to detect statistically significant differences in fasciculation rate of motor units between (n = 4) patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (mean age ± SD: 53 ± 15) and a group of (n = 4) healthy controls (38 ± 7). Patients had significantly higher rates of fasciculation compared with healthy controls (mean = 99.1/min, range = 25.7–161.0 in patients vs. 7.7/min, range = 4.3–9.7 in controls; P < 0.05. MUMRI has detected differences in size, shape, and distribution of single human motor units between (n = 5) young healthy volunteers (29 ± 2.2) and (n = 5) healthy older volunteers (65.6 ± 14.8). The maximum size of motor unit territories in the older group was 12.4 ± 3.3 mm and 9.7 ± 2.7 mm in the young group; P < 0.05. MUMRI is an entirely non‐invasive tool, which can be used to detect physiological and pathological changes to motor units in neuromuscular diseases. MUMRI also has the potential to be used as an intermediate outcome measure in sarcopenia trials.
Efficient and reproducible depletion of hepatitis B virus from plasma derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Jung Stephanie , Jacobs Karolin Fiona Kirsten , Shein Mikhail , Schütz Anne Kathrin , Mohr Fabian , Stadler Herbert , Stadler Daniela , Lucko Aaron Michael , Altstetter Sebastian Maximilian , Wilsch Florian , Deng Li , Protzer Ulrike 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging fundamental players in viral infections by shuttling viral components, mediating immune responses and likely the spread of the virus. However, the obstacles involved in purifying EVs and removing contaminating viral particles in a reliable and effective manner bottlenecks the full potential for the development of clinical and diagnostic treatment options targeting EV. Because of the similarities in size, density, membrane composition and mode of biogenesis of EVs and virions there are no standardized approaches for virus‐removal from EV preparations yet. Functional EV studies also require EV samples that are devoid of antibody contaminants. Consequently, the study of EVs in virology needs reliable and effective protocols to purify EVs and remove contaminating antibodies and viral particles. Here, we established a protocol for EV purification from hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐containing plasma by a combination of size‐exclusion chromatography and affinity‐based purification. After purification, EV samples were free of virus‐sized particles, HBV surface antigen, HBV core antigen, antibodies or infectious material. Viral genomic contamination was also decreased following purification. By using appropriate antibodies and size parameters, this protocol could potentially be applied to purification of EVs from other viral samples. In summary, we established a fast, reproducible and robust approach for the removal of HBV from EV preparations. Looking forward to the point of purifying EVs from clinical samples, this method should enable studies shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of EVs in viral infections and their diagnostic and prognostic potential.
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Authors: Gilad Noa , Weissmann‐Brenner Alina , Gilboa Yinon , Dekel Benjamin , Achiron Reuven , Perlman Sharon 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the prenatal growth pattern of the normal kidney contralateral to a multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in a single referral center over 4 years. Cases diagnosed prenatally as MCDK and confirmed postnatally constituted the study group. For creation of nomograms, only isolated cases of MCDK were included.ResultsSixty‐one fetuses had a diagnosis of an MCDK during the study period. After exclusion of cases with associated malformations, 47 fetuses remained, providing 94 measurements for creation of nomograms. The growth pattern of the normal kidney contralateral to an MCDK was linear throughout gestation (percentile = 20.01 + 1.5 gestational age; linear R2 = 0.753; r = 0.868) and was significantly higher during the third trimester (29–38 weeks' gestation) compared to the second trimester (22–28 weeks' gestation; P < .001). A comparison of the growth pattern of the normal kidney contralateral to the MCDK to the growth pattern of a solitary kidney revealed a significant higher compensatory trend during the third trimester (P < .0001). The mean kidney lengths at 22 and 38 weeks' gestation correlated with the 52nd and 88th and with the 84th and 90th percentiles for the normal kidney contralateral to the MCDK and a solitary kidney, respectively.ConclusionsAccording to our study, the normal kidney contralateral to an MCDK has a unique growth pattern during intrauterine life, with dominant growth during the third trimester. The exact mechanism for this pattern, in comparison to early renal hypertrophy shown in solitary kidneys, is currently not clear. These data provide relevant information for the multidisciplinary prenatal counseling of future parents regarding the future renal outcome.
Wrongful convictions and forensic science
Authors: Bonventre Catherine L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMore than 2,600 exonerations have been documented in the United States since 1989. Forensic science—in the form of postconviction DNA testing—has played a critical role in the revelation that wrongful convictions are a problematic feature of criminal justice. Yet, forensic science is also among the many factors—including eyewitness misidentification, false confessions, informants, and more—that are correlates of wrongful convictions. Forensic science contributes to erroneous convictions when analysts provide invalid testimony at trial or when such evidence fails to correct false crime theories. Moreover, while intentional forensic misconduct certainly exists, the effects of confirmation biases may present a greater threat to forensic analyses. The preceding mechanisms and reform efforts are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Water Depletion and Land Subsidence in Iran Using Gravity, GNSS, InSAR and Precise Levelling Data
Authors: Hinderer Jacques , Saadat Abdoreza , Cheraghi Hamideh , Bernard Jean-Daniel , Djamour Yahya , Amighpey Masoomeh , Arabi Seyavash , Nankali Hamidreza , Tavakoli Farokh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPopulation growth, coupled with the expansion of exploitation of groundwater resources for agricultural and industrial purposes, has led Iran to face the necessity of proper use and sustainable management of existing water resources. In this study we will use the existing valuable geodetic data (gravity, GNSS, precise levelling, InSAR) in Iran to better understand the surface deformation and gravity variations caused by underground water depletion attributed to drastic pumping. Based on repetition of first order precise leveling network of Iran, about 44 subsidence areas are identified and continuous data collected by the Iranian permanent GNSS and geodynamic network (IPGN), as well as InSAR data, indicate strong elevation changes in some parts of the country. GRACE satellite gravity solutions over Iran also show a general gravity decrease between 2002 and 2016. New absolute gravity campaigns were performed in Iran in 2017 and 2018 in the frame of the TRIGGER French-Iranian program. Several new absolute gravity stations were established and former stations, first measured between 2000 and 2007, were repeated showing that the gravity values of many stations have changed in time. Most of these changes indicate a gravity decrease mostly linked to mass deficit due to water depletion. On the contrary some stations show a large gravity increase that can be merely explained by land subsidence itself linked to water depletion by poroelastic effects.