bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invitation of non-attenders to colorectal cancer screening: impact on coverage by examination
Authors: Majek O , Ngo O , Seifert B , Suchanek S , Zavoral M , Jung T , Dusek L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been among the most important cancer causes of death globally. CRC screening and early detection can decrease CRC incidence and mortality through timely removal of colorectal neoplasia or early CRC treatment. CRC screening has been initiated in the Czech Republic in 2000 for individuals over 50, with GPs having a key role in recruiting individuals to screening, offering faecal occult blood test (FOBT). Screening colonoscopy (CS) was added for individuals over 55 since 2009.

Description of the problem
To increase uptake of CRC screening, personal invitation of non-attenders under 70 was implemented in 2014, along with temporary mass-media campaign. Health insurance companies have been sending invitations to those individuals without record of recent FOBT, CS or CRC treatment.
The aim of our study was to evaluate impact of this policy on complete coverage by examination over 2013-2018. We defined the complete coverage by examination as the proportion of individuals aged 50-69 undergoing examination with CRC early detection potential (FOBT or CS for any indication) during past 3 years. We used newly established National Registry of Reimbursed Health Services as the source of data.

Results
Complete coverage of the target population (2.7 million individuals aged 50-69) was 44.8 % in 2013. By 2016, the coverage increased to 54.6%. Therefore, almost 300,000 individuals were newly covered by the relevant examinations. By 2018, the coverage decreased to 51.2%. When we consider only screening FOBT examinations, the coverage was 36.9 % in 2013, 45.2% in 2016, and 42.0% in 2018.

Lessons
In the health system with accessible CS facilities, the policy of non-attenders' invitation for CRC screening resulted not only in increase in coverage by screening examinations; complete coverage also increased. Unfortunately, the positive effect has been fading out, and further actions to sustain high coverage are therefore warranted.

Key messages
Invitation of non-attenders to colorectal cancer screening increased complete coverage of the target population by examination. Initial increase was followed by a slow decrease in coverage by examination, underlying the need for other actions to increase participation.
Passive smoking and knowledge of its health hazards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Algabbani A , Bin Dhim N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Exposure to secondhand smoke is a major public health issue that requires assessing its magnitude. This study assesses the current status of passive smoking and its determinates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods
This national study conducted in the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia through web-based-computer assisted telephone interviews. The two main measurements were passive smoking among nonsmokers and smoking behaviors in microenvironments among smokers. Data on socio-economic and demographical data, smoking status, attitude, and knowledge on passive smoking impacts were also collected. Data was weighted by age, gender, and region to account for the different probabilities of selection.

Results
Exposure to secondhand smoke among non-smokers was 44%. Smoking at home with the presence of children in the same room was prevalent (25% cigarettes smokers, 30% waterpipe smokers). About 18% of smokers smoke inside their cars while children on-board. Only 34.4% of smokers perceived, “to a very large extent”, the harms of their smoking might be doing to others. As the knowledge on secondhand smoking exposure health risks increases the smokers were less likely to smoke in microenvironment (R= -0.16, p value&lt; 0.01). Almost half of the population (49.1wt.%) were “extremely concerned” about the effect of passive smoking on their health in the future.

Conclusions
Passive smoking is prevalent in the Saudi population and a proportion of smokers smokes in microenvironments with the presence of children. Further preventive and promotion strategies are needed to protect the public from the hazards of passive smoking with special attention to vulnerable populations.

Key messages
Identify the association between knowledge of the associated health risks with exposure to passive smoking and smoker behaviors that expose nonsmokers to tobacco smoke in private micro-environments. Assess the impact of individual knowledge of passive smoking associated health risks and vulnerability to passive tobacco smoke exposure.
Women offenders in Europe: drug problems and drug offences and/or gender-based violence
Authors: Montanari L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Worldwide the proportion of women in prison for drug-related offences is higher than that of men. In Europe (27 Member States, Norway, United Kingdom and Turkey) it varies considerably, between 5 % in Bulgaria, approximately 25 % in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, 33 % in Italy and 40 % in Spain. Women are reported to have less dominant roles in drug trafficking, often occupying the lowest level of the drug supply chain. There are, however, recent indications of involvement of women in higher levels of supply chains
The prevalence of illicit drug use before incarceration is much higher among prison population as compared to the general population. This excess is substantially higher among women. The patterns of drug use among women in prison are similar to those reported by men, with majority reporting having used cannabis in their lifetime. Prevalence is also high for other illicit substance use, such as heroin (19% - 49%), cocaine (21% - 41%), and amphetamines (17% -64%). Inside prison drug use is often reduced, but exists. The reduction in drug use is in many countries smaller among women then among men.
Reasons for this high prevalence of drug use among women in prison are likely to be related to the high proportion of women incarcerated for drug related offences and their high level of vulnerability. Targeted interventions for women with drug related problems who experience imprisonment are needed and should be implemented with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to tackle their physical, mental health and social needs.
The presentation will discuss the latest European data on drug related problems among women in prison and available targeted interventions.
4.B. Skills building seminar: Participatory action research: sharing power to improve public health research outcomes
Authors:   Organised by: Maastricht University (Netherlands),   Chair persons: Elisabeth Dorant - Netherlands, Theresia Krieger - Netherlands
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This skills building seminar addresses the use of Participatory Action Research (PAR) as strategy to involve professionals and practitioners from (non-academic) health organizations in public health research. These so-called stakeholders possess external -experiential practice-based- knowledge important for a successful realization of a public health research project. After a short introduction on the why and when of PAR as a suitable strategy in public health research, and the why and when in a project's life cycle stakeholders can or must join, levels of participatory practices will be discussed, as well as consequences of transfer of power from academic researchers to professionals and practitioners in the field.
The first part of the seminar will be followed by two real life examples from two projects in Germany: 1) a psycho-oncological care project -hospital-based-, where alarm bells went off during the external prospective evaluation of the new care programme. In the development phase of this new programme,key stakeholders had not been involved yet; and 2) the optimization, by inserting PAR cycles, of a stroke family caregiver support programme before implementation in a public health care system.
The audience is invited to discuss research dilemmas, as well as pros and cons of the PAR strategy

Key messages
Participatory action research is about active collaboration between academics and health professionals to bring transformative change through the process of taking action and doing research. Sharing power between academics and health professionals is vital to improve public health research.
Health impact assessment in Portugal
Authors: Almeida T , Costa L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
HIA can act as a catalyst for intersectoral involvement and embody the concept of Health in All Policies and the whole-of-governance approach. The National Institute of Health (INSA), with technical support of WHO, designed an HIA capacity-building program, to develop technical skills and instruments for HIA implementation. As products of this Training Program, two policy dialogues were held with stakeholders from various sectors to discuss the difficulties, barriers and opportunities for HIA institutionalization in Portugal. The absence of a common glossary was point out. In fact, different sectors, namely Health and Environment, have different languages that are reflected in the approaches, planning and methods used, which can be competing instead of complementary. To overcome this issue, it was highlighted the need for an intersectoral committee to define a common strategy for HIA. Other suggestion was the creation of a technical unit in the Ministry of Health in order to assume the coordination and quality of the Public Health response in this subject. The experts also recognized the importance of the adoption of common guidelines including a glossary, the definition of dedicated structures, the studies' scale and level of depth, the resources and technical skills required and a set of tools to support the development of studies. As an opportunity, it was identified the transposition of the European Directive 2014/24/EU, which made mandatory that EIA must assess the significant effects of a project in 'population and human health'. This requisite implies intersectoral dialogue and strait work in order to respond to legal demands. In addition, the new Law on Health Bases (2019) determines that the approval of national legislative measures, with relevant impact in Health, must be preceded by previous studies. These elements constitute a new impulse and an opportunity for intersectoral dialogue and HIA implementation in Portugal.
Unscattering the burden of disease landscape: supporting interaction between existing burden of disease efforts
Authors: Haagsma J , Majdan M , Pires S M , Assunção R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The burden of disease landscape in Europe is currently scattered with experts from diverse professional backgrounds, ranging from experts in infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, injuries and risk factors, to experts in more comprehensive national, regional and global burden of disease studies. Currently there is little interaction between these experts and existing burden of disease efforts. The European burden of disease network (burden-eu) COST Action aims to bring together expertise across different domains and professional backgrounds. During the course of the burden-eu COST Action, several steps will be taken to facilitate interaction between existing burden of disease efforts. First, a survey has been sent around to all members of the EU burden of disease network to map burden of disease studies that have been carried out in their country. Apart from general details about the year of the study and cause of disease categories, items of the survey included data sources, methodological approach and collaborations with institutes of other countries. In the first month, the survey has been completed for over 70 studies that have been carried out in twelve countries. Second, comparison of existing burden of disease initiatives allows for the identification of the various domains for which burden of disease has been assessed, highlight methodological differences as well as similarities, and
facilitate improvements and harmonization of methods and approaches. Furthermore, the data collected from the survey will be included in a continuously updated burden of disease database that lists all past and current burden of disease activities. Lastly, burden-eu will facilitate regular meetings and workshops. Each of these steps will make it possible to move beyond the currently scattered burden of disease landscape and increase interaction between professionals and burden of disease efforts.
A difference-in-difference analysis comparing a control and an intervention social housing area
Authors: Nygaard S , Srivarathan A , Mathisen J , Lund R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Often an intervention is applied in an area (e.g. community, municipality) without it being an experiment and without a control group, this can be categorized as a natural experiment. Such a situation offers the opportunity to exploit exposure contrasts between areas regarding the specific intervention for evaluation. In the present study, we will employ the difference-in-difference approach to evaluate the natural experiment (the structural intervention) comparing measures of health and social factors retrieved from registers in the two social housing areas before and after the intervention. A 'natural experiment' study comparing individual and aggregated level differences in register-based information on health and social variables across time including the entire study period is included in the research project. The population includes all residents with an address in the study area and the control area at any point during the years 2015-2025 (∼3,000 residents in each area). All residents are linked to the Danish social and health registers by the unique personal identification number, which makes it possible to follow all permanent and former residents over time. Hereby we plan to study if the structural changes (the structural intervention, the 'natural experiment') give rise to differences in health (such as use of general practitioner, hospitalizations, use of selected medications) and social factors (e.g. divorces, income levels, unemployment) compared to the control area. The control area is representing a similar social housing area in the same municipality, which will not undergo structural changes until 2023. Findings will be evaluated drawing upon knowledge gained from the entire study from surveys and qualitative interviews as well experiences from the interventions. In this presentation, we wish to discuss how best to include the knowledge based on other methodologies in the register-based analyses.
Patient empowerment, eating behaviours and illness control: pre-post outcomes from DWELL delivery in UK and France
Authors: Morris R , Hatzidimitriadou E , Manship S , Hulbert S , Webster J , Teke J , Belmas N , Best A , Averous V , Cazier J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diabetes self-management programmes can improve clinical and healthy lifestyle outcomes. Research has demonstrated that improved engagement with type 2 diabetes (T2D) care is associated with greater empowerment beliefs and a perceived internal control over their illness. As part of the DWELL evaluation study, an interim subset of 139 participants in the UK and 53 participants in France were assessed pre- and post-intervention on measures of weight, BMI, waist circumference and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as self-efficacy beliefs (DES-SF), healthy eating behaviours (DEBQ) and perceptions of illness (IPQ-R). Pre-post comparisons in both countries demonstrated statistically significant decreases in weight (UK: Z = 6.71, p&lt;.001, FR: Z = 3.33, p&lt;.05), BMI (UK: Z = 6.70, p&lt;.001, FR: Z = 3.21, p&lt;.05), waist circumference (UK: Z = 6.71, p&lt;.001, FR: Z = 3.24, p&lt;.05),and HbA1c (UK: Z = 6.29, p&lt;.001, FR: Z = 4.18, p &lt;.001). Importantly, participation in the DWELL programme was associated with increased self-efficacy beliefs (UK: Z = 5.63, p&lt;.001, FR: Z = 5.54, p&lt;.001), greater perceived personal control over their diabetes (UK: Z = 3.17, p&lt;.05, FR: Z = 2.20, p&lt;.05), reduced negative feelings about their illness (UK: Z = 3.01, p &lt;.05, FR: Z = 2.19, p&lt;.05) and decreased eating in response to external food cues (UK: Z = 3.79, p&lt;.001, FR: Z = 2.34, p&lt;.05). In the UK, participants also reported an increased optimism for treatment control of their diabetes (Z = 3.06, p &lt;.05) and for their long-term prognosis (Z = 1.99, p&lt;.05).These preliminary findings support the efficacy of the DWELL programme in improving diabetes-related biomedical outcomes, as well as improvements in patient empowerment, healthy eating habits and increased perceived illness control. Further analysis, available at a later date, will include a larger sample of participants, including longitudinal data with follow-ups six- and 12- months post participation in the DWELL programme.
Does participation matter? Prospectively evaluating a German psycho-oncological care programme
Authors: Cecon N , Salm S , Krieger T , Dresen A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The `integrated cross-sectoral Psycho-Oncologý (isPO) programme is a new and complex care programme. It aims to reduce anxiety and depression in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Patients are offered psycho-oncological care after diagnosis for twelve months by psycho-oncological care professionals and specially trained cancer survivors according to their individual needs. Its development, implementation and evaluation is financed by the German Federal Innovation Fund (2017-2021).
During its 15 months lasting development phase, multitude programme components needed to be designed, such as the care concept, care pathways and indicators, quality management or contracts and agreements. The development was conducted with a top-down approach by the programme designers. Key stakeholders, e.g. end-users or service providers, were not actively involved. isPO was implemented in four newly established care networks of certified oncological center hospitals cooperating with local oncological practices in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
All project phases are being externally evaluated, which results in a tripartite evaluation design containing a prospective, formative and summative evaluation.
In this session we refer to the prospective evaluation that aimed to assess the relevance and transferability of the new care programme before implementation. It became visible that the low participation level of key stakeholders, e.g. service providers or end-users, in the development phase might hinder its implementation, e.g. lack of contextual fitting of the programme. This was confirmed during the implementation.
Therefore, by inviting key stakeholders to participate in the development of a new care programme, challenges during the implementation process might be prevented or reduced.
After introducing isPO, the workshop audience is invited to interactively discuss how, when and how much to involve stakeholders in the development of an intervention in a public health context.
Participant experiences of the DWELL programme: focus group findings on motivation, experiences, facilitators and barriers
Authors: Manship S , Hatzidimitriadou E , Morris R , Hulbert S , Webster J , Belmas N , Best A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Initiatives to increase effective, low-cost self-management are essential to the sustainability of care for type 2 diabetes (T2D), however research shows that there is currently no standard approach. The DWELL programme seeks to motivate and empower people with T2D to better self-manage their condition through focussed content underpinned by motivational interviewing. As part of the DWELL evaluation study, end-of-programme focus groups were conducted to elicit participant experiences. 33 focus groups with 153 participants (including a small number of partners) took place in the two UK DWELL delivery sites. The focus group data was subjected to thematic content analysis to elicit key themes. Findings indicate that DWELL participants are motivated through a desire for better knowledge and management of their diabetes. Facilitating factors of the programme include: facilitator and peer support; the holistic and autonomous approach which provides participants with the opportunity to better understand the condition and its impact on their whole lives; and a tailored individual approach. Barriers and suggested improvements include content and operational changes, which are fed back to DWELL facilitators as part of the process evaluation in order that they can continually update the programme. Participants report positive outcomes in terms of wellbeing, social and mental health, enhanced knowledge and positive lifestyle changes. These themes align with quantitative outcome measures for participants, including weight loss, reduced BMI and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), enhanced empowerment and improved eating behaviours and illness perceptions and control. Interim findings suggest that DWELL outcomes include improved health literacy, participant empowerment and self-management. These findings underscore the need to incorporate a holistic, tailored approach to structured patient education for T2D.
Determinants of autism – an update on knowledge and open questions
Authors: Lindert J , Tola G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Early intervention is a critical component to any autism service system. Despite the increasing prevalence of autism, many children do not receive early intervention due to delayed diagnoses and various other factors. Community-based autism early interventions can better identify children and provide interventions in more naturalistic environments for young children and their families. In this talk, we will investigate barriers and potential opportunities facing the dissemination and uptake of community-based early autism interventions.

Methods
We aim to provide an overview on results of intervention and support models for children and their parents with autism based on a narrative review.

Results
The approaches identified in the literature were classified into six complementary categories (Comprehensive approaches, structured teaching, targeted skills-based intervention, targeted behavioural intervention for anxiety and aggression, changes in the built environment).

Conclusions
To respond to need of children, youth and adults with autism, effective interventions for the whole lifespan need to be established. Key environmental factors that interact with the complex pathology of autism need to be identified. Furthermore, how autism affects individuals in different environmental contexts needs to be understood. Finally, built and social environments should be made more autism friendly.