bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential for sustainable irrigation expansion in a 3 °C warmer climate
Authors: Rosa Lorenzo , Chiarelli Davide Danilo , Sangiorgio Matteo , Beltran-Peña Areidy Aracely , Rulli Maria Cristina , D’Odorico Paolo , Fung Inez 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Climate change is expected to reshape the distribution of irrigated lands. Using climatic projections from three global climate models, we investigate global patterns of irrigation water demand and availability in 1.5 °C and 3 °C warmer climates. We find that in up to 35% of currently rain-fed croplands, irrigation could be expanded as an adaptation strategy to climate change without negative environmental externalities on freshwater resources. Irrigation expansion could reduce vulnerability to water stress and improve crop productivity to feed up to 300 million additional people using small-scale water storage and up to 1.4 billion additional people using large-scale water storage. This work contributes to identifying target regions where investments in sustainable intensification of agriculture through irrigation expansion are needed.
Excess of the NF-ĸB p50 subunit generated by the ubiquitin ligase KPC1 suppresses tumors via PD-L1– and chemokines-mediated mechanisms
Authors: Kravtsova-Ivantsiv Yelena , Goldhirsh Gilad , Ivantsiv Alexandra , Ben Itzhak Ofer , Kwon Yong Tae , Pikarsky Eli , Ciechanover Aaron 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Recruitment of the immune system to suppress malignant tumors can involve different mechanisms, including inhibition of suppressive immune checkpoints (the enemy of my enemy is my friend), generation of specific CAR-T cells that recognize tumor cells, and immunization against the patient’s tumor antigens. Here we describe a mechanism, where excess of the p50 subunit of the NF-ĸB transcription factor that when pairs with another subunit—p65—is oncogenic, but when generated in excess over p65 and as a result homodimerizes, it suppresses tumors. It appears to act via several mechanisms: it stimulates expression of other cancer suppressors, it inhibits generation of the immune inhibitor PD-L1 (thus unleashes the immune system), and it initiates secretion of chemokines, which are chemical attractants of immune cells.
Syntactic and morphosyntactic phenomena in Modern Greek dialects: The state of the art
Authors: Ralli Angela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper I give an overview of several syntactic and morpho-syntactic phenomena applying to a range of Modern Greek dialects. I present a descriptive account of these phenomena, and refer to some possible theoretical analyses put forward by a number of well-known linguists. In certain cases, I offer evidence for the cross-dialectal occurrence of a phenomenon as a contribution to the establishment of syntactic isoglosses, and report some hints of its diachronic development when the available sources permit. <br /> My data are drawn not only from written sources, but also from the oral material that has been collected in the last six years from several Greek areas, and stored in the Modern Greek Dialects Laboratory (MGDL) of the University of Patras. <br /> The paper has the following structure: Section 1 contains some general observations with respect to the study and development of Modern Greek dialects. Dialectal word order is presented next (Section 2), followed by certain observations on the use of complementizers (Section 3), negation (Section 4), and sentential particles (Section 5). The issues of infinitival forms and periphrastic tenses (perfect and future) are examined in Section 6, while elements appearing in wh-questions constitute the topic of Section 7. The case form of the indirect object is tackled next (Section 8), and the paper ends with the well-described topic of verbal clitics, which is presented in Section 9. The paper concludes with remarks stressing the importance of research in the field of Modern Greek dialectology.
Spatio-temporal structure and emission of a large plasmoid in atmosphere
Authors: Friedl R , Fantz U , Pilottek I , Schmid D , Steibel S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Atmospheric plasmoids with 20–30 cm diameter are generated via a high-voltage discharge above a water surface. They ascend in the ambient air and exist autonomously for several hundreds of milliseconds. The plasma processes leading to an emission of visible light for more than 350 ms after detachment from the energy supply are still unknown. Visual and spectroscopic high-speed diagnostics with spatial resolution are thus applied. It is shown for the first time that the free-floating body turns to a torus ring to the end of its lifetime, which ascends in air up to more than 1.5 m and radiates longer than 1.5 s in the infrared spectral range, only limited by the structural circumstances in the laboratory. Vortex formation is thus endorsed as being responsible for the structural integrity of the plasma during the autonomous phase. Emission in the optical spectral range (UV-NIR) is limited to the first 500 ms and is governed by radiation from the tap water contents without the influx of ambient air into the plasma. The OH A-X transition is the most intense emission during the entire visible evolution of the plasmoid. Atomic hydrogen emission is observed only during the first 100 ms close to the central electrode (CE) and is highly dynamic, while emission from dissolved salts is detected during the later evolution but is mostly overlaid by a continuum radiation, which is clearly non-thermal. Using the omnipresent OH emission, the optical emission profile of the main plasmoid is shown to be broad in the center and is rotationally symmetric. The radiated energy from the OH radical integrated over the entire plasmoid evolution is less than 100 J, which is about 3% of the total energy dissipated into the plasma. Emission from dissolved sodium is used to track the plasma channel, which connects the main plasmoid to the CE, during its ascension after energy shut-down giving a fourfold ascension velocity compared to the main plasmoid.
Investigation of soft and living matter using a micro-extensional rheometer
Authors: Dubey Sushil , Veer Sukh , Seshagiri Rao R V , Kalelkar Chirag , Pullarkat Pramod A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rheological properties of a material often require to be probed under extensional deformation. Examples include fibrous materials such as spider-silk, high-molecular weight polymer melts, and the contractile response of living cells. Such materials have strong molecular-level anisotropies which are either inherent or are induced by an imposed extension. However, unlike shear rheology, which is well-established, techniques to perform extensional rheology are currently under development and setups are often custom-designed for the problem under study. In this article, we present a versatile device that can be used to conduct extensional deformation studies of samples at microscopic scales with simultaneous imaging. We discuss the operational features of this device and present a number of applications.
Raman spectroscopy and lattice dynamics calculations of tetragonally-structured single crystal zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) nanowires
Authors: Stutz Elias Z , Escobar Steinvall Simon , Litvinchuk Alexander P , Leran Jean-Baptiste , Zamani Mahdi , Paul Rajrupa , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , Dimitrievska Mirjana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Earth-abundant and low-cost semiconductors, such as zinc phosphide (Zn3P2), are promising candidates for the next generation photovoltaic applications. However, synthesis on commercially available substrates, which favors the formation of defects, and controllable doping are challenging drawbacks that restrain device performance. Better assessment of relevant properties such as structure, crystal quality and defects will allow faster advancement of Zn3P2, and in this sense, Raman spectroscopy can play an invaluable role. In order to provide a complete Raman spectrum reference of Zn3P2, this work presents a comprehensive analysis of vibrational properties of tetragonally-structured Zn3P2 (space group P42/nmc) nanowires, from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Low-temperature, high-resolution Raman polarization measurements have been performed on single-crystalline nanowires. Different polarization configurations have allowed selective enhancement of A1g, B1g and Eg Raman modes, while B2g modes were identified from complementary unpolarized Raman measurements. Simultaneous deconvolution of all Raman spectra with Lorentzian curves has allowed identification of 33 peaks which have been assigned to 34 (8 A1g + 9 B1g + 3 B2g + 14 Eg) out of the 39 theoretically predicted eigenmodes. The experimental results are in good agreement with the vibrational frequencies that have been computed by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Three separate regions were observed in the phonon dispersion diagram: (i) low-frequency region (<210 cm−1) which is dominated by Zn-related vibrations, (ii) intermediate region (210–225 cm−1) which represents a true phonon gap with no observed vibrations, and (iii) high-frequency region (>225 cm−1) which is attributed to primarily P-related vibrations. The analysis of vibrational patterns has shown that non-degenerate modes involve mostly atomic motion along the long crystal axis (c-axis), while degenerate modes correspond primarily to in-plane vibrations, perpendicular to the long c-axis. These results provide a detailed reference for identification of the tetragonal Zn3P2 phase and can be used for building Raman based methodologies for effective defect screening of bulk materials and films, which might contain structural inhomogeneities.
Gaussian distribution of inhomogeneous nickel–vanadium Schottky interface on silicon (100)
Authors: Soltani S , Gammon P M , Pérez-Tomas A , Ferhat Hamida A , Terchi Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study presents the characterization of the nickel–vanadium (NiV) Schottky diode on n-type silicon (Si) in the temperature range 75 K–300 K. The experimental current–voltage (I–V) measurements are first analyzed by using the thermionic emission (TE) theory. For this purpose, the vertical optimization method is used to find the values of the TE parameters, i.e. the values of the ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance. It is found that these parameters exhibit strong temperature dependence, i.e. an increase of the ideality factor and a decrease of the barrier height

ϕ

B

and the series resistance

R

s

when the temperature decreases, which is due to inhomogeneities at the Schottky interface. Therefore, we employ Werner’s model under the assumption of a Gaussian distribution to analyze the temperature dependence of the TE parameters. The mean and standard deviation of the barrier height are obtained as

ϕ

B

0

=

0.68

eV

and

σ
0

=

53.665

, respectively. In addition, we show that the apparent barrier height and apparent ideality factor are in accordance with Werner’s model. Furthermore, we use the modified Richardson plot to find the value of the Richardson constant. The obtained value of the latter is

A
∗

=

111.56

A cm−2 K−2 and is very close to the theoretical value of 112 A cm−2 K−2 of n-type Si. Finally, we investigate the temperature dependence of the ideality factor and show the validity of the T0-effect for the NiV/Si Schottky diode.
Separating strain sensor based on dual-resonant circular patch antenna with chipless RFID tag
Authors: Wan Guochun , Kang Wenhao , Wang Chao , Li Wenzhao , Li Mengmeng , Xie Liyu , Chen Lan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the field of structural health detection, since the sensor needs to be directly bonded to the measured object, it is difficult to stably transmit the RFID information and realize the passive wireless structure strain detection. To circumvent these difficulties, this paper innovatively proposes a dual-resonant circular microstrip patch antenna (CMPA) sensor with chipless RFID tag. The information of the RFID tag can be changed that allows the sensor to be deployed on a large scale. The separating sensor includes chipless RFID tag layer and dual-resonant CMPA layer, which can simultaneously reflect RFID tag information and strain information.The design of separated layers can minimize the resonant frequency shift of ID tags when stress is implemented on CMPA strain part. Current distribution analysis and equivalent circuit are used to study the strain size and direction. Experiments show that the offset of the resonant frequency of the sensor antenna has linear relationship with the lateral and longitudinal strains. The correlation coefficients are 0.9284 and 0.9235 respectively, and the sensitivity coefficient of the lateral and longitudinal strain is 528 MHz ϵ
−1 and 384 MHz ϵ
−1. At the same time, the readability of the RFID tag information is maintained.
Dynamical phase diagram of ultracold Josephson junctions
Authors: Xhani K , Galantucci L , Barenghi C F , Roati G , Trombettoni A , Proukakis N P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We provide a complete study of the phase diagram characterising the distinct dynamical regimes emerging in a three-dimensional Josephson junction in an ultracold quantum gas. Considering trapped ultracold superfluids separated into two reservoirs by a barrier of variable height and width, we analyse the population imbalance dynamics following a variable initial population mismatch. We demonstrate that as the chemical potential difference is increased, the system transitions from Josephson plasma oscillations to either a dissipative (in the limit of low and narrow barriers) or a self-trapped regime (for large and wider barriers), with a crossover between the dissipative and the self-trapping regimes which we explore and characterize for the first time. This work, which extends beyond the validity of the standard two-mode model, connects the role of the barrier width, vortex rings and associated acoustic emission with different regimes of the superfluid dynamics across the junction, establishing a framework for its experimental observation, which is found to be within current experimental reach.
Effective Langevin equations for a polar tracer in an active bath
Authors: Knežević Miloš , Stark Holger 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the motion of a polar tracer, having a concave surface, immersed in a two-dimensional suspension of active particles. Using Brownian dynamics simulations, we measure the distributions and auto-correlation functions of force and torque exerted by active particles on the tracer. The tracer experiences a finite average force along its polar axis, while all the correlation functions show exponential decay in time. Using these insights we construct the full coarse-grained Langevin description for tracer position and orientation, where the active particles are subsumed into an effective self-propulsion force and exponentially correlated noise for both translations and rotations. The ensuing mesoscopic dynamics can be described in terms of five dimensionless parameters. We perform a thorough parameter study of the mean squared displacement, which illustrates how the different parameters influence the tracer dynamics, which crosses over from a ballistic to diffusive motion. We also demonstrate that the distribution of tracer displacements evolves from a non-Gaussian shape at early stages to a Gaussian behavior for sufficiently long times. Finally, for a given set of microscopic parameters, we establish a procedure to estimate the matching parameters of our effective model, and show that the resulting dynamics is in a very good quantitative agreement with the one obtained in Brownian dynamics simulations.
Mean first-passage time to a small absorbing target in an elongated planar domain
Authors: Grebenkov Denis S. , Skvortsov Alexei T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We derive an approximate but fully explicit formula for the mean first-passage time (MFPT) to a small absorbing target of arbitrary shape in a general elongated domain in the plane. Our approximation combines conformal mapping, boundary homogenisation, and Fick–Jacobs equation to express the MFPT in terms of diffusivity and geometric parameters. A systematic comparison with a numerical solution of the original problem validates its accuracy when the starting point is not too close to the target. This is a practical tool for a rapid estimation of the MFPT for various applications in chemical physics and biology.
Thermal transport of bio-convection flow of micropolar nanofluid with motile microorganisms and velocity slip effects
Authors: Alqarni M S , Waqas Hassan , Imran Muhammad , Alghamdi Metib , Muhammad Taseer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The motivation of current research is to explore thermo-bioconvection micropolar liquid flow subject to motile microorganisms and nanomaterials. Rheological model characteristics of Maxwell viscoelasticity-based micropolar nanoliquid are considered for analysis. Slip mechanisms and stratification phenomenon are accounted. Heat and concentration diffusions are characterized by exploiting the Cattaneo-Christov fluxes for heat and mass. Aspects of thermophoresis, thermal radiation and Brownian motion are also accounted. The dimensional non-linear boundary value problems are rendered into the dimensionless ODE’s by utilizing admissible transformations and then tackled numerically by utilizing bvp4c technique via computational commercial software MATLAB. Significance of sundry variables against velocity, temperature, concentration of nanoparticles and microorganism’s concentration are described through graphs and numeric data.
Comparison between low optical absorption models for pump-probe transient thermal lens spectroscopy: a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Isidro-Ojeda M A , Marín E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We compare the most widely used low optical absorption models based on the Fresnel diffraction theory for the description of the time-resolved thermal lens signal in a dual-beam pump-probe mode-mismatched configuration. In this work, we will name one of them as the numerical mode-mismatched model. The others are two simplified approximations of it that will be referred to as the analytical mode-mismatched and the reduced mode-mismatched (RMM) model. The limits of application of these approximations are discussed based on computational calculations and experimental measurements performed under conditions that neglect contributions to the thermal lens signal generation of mechanisms different from optical absorption, heat diffusion and the propagation of the excitation and probe laser beams. It is shown that for fractional changes of the probe beam greater than about 15% these approximations must be used carefully, particularly the RMM model.
Deuterium retention in liquid tin exposed to atomic deuterium flux
Authors: Zaplotnik Rok , Nemanič Vincenc , Žumer Marko , Kovač Janez , Mozetič Miran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Liquid tin samples at a temperature of 250 °C were exposed to neutral deuterium atoms at a flux of about 1024 m−2 s−1. The source of deuterium (D) atoms was the flowing afterglow of a low-pressure deuterium plasma sustained with a microwave discharge in the surfatron mode. The samples were analyzed by thermal desorption spectroscopy and time of flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. An immeasurably low concentration of deuterium was detected in the pure tin. However, within the native layer of tin oxide, up to 165 ppm D/Sn was absorbed while the sample was exposed to D atoms. The deuterium concentration in the solid samples peaked at the D fluence of about 5 × 1025 m−2. At the fluence of several 1026 m−2 the concentration dropped below the detection limit, which was about 50 ppb D/Sn. The results were explained by the reduction of the oxide film under exposure to D atoms at large fluences. Thus, the retention of hydrogen isotopes in the liquid tin divertor of a fusion reactor is unlikely since the effect of the plasma makes it possible to reduce the tin oxide layer.
X-point radiation, its control and an ELM suppressed radiating regime at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Bernert M. , Janky F. , Sieglin B. , Kallenbach A. , Lipschultz B. , Reimold F. , Wischmeier M. , Cavedon M. , David P. , Dunne M.G. , Griener M. , Kudlacek O. , McDermott R.M. , Treutterer W. , Wolfrum E. , Brida D. , Février O. , Henderson S. , Komm M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady state divertor operation. The required detached operation is, in tokamaks with metal walls, usually achieved by seeding of impurities, such as nitrogen. With strong seeding levels, the dominant radiation is emitted from a small, poloidally localized volume inside the confined region, in the vicinity of the X-point. The location of the radiating volume is observed to vary relative to the X-point depending on seeding and power levels, i.e. depending on the degree of detachment. At the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak, the position of the radiator relative to the X-point can be controlled in real time by a modulation of the nitrogen puff level. At a certain height of the radiator above the X-point, an ELM-suppressed regime is observed with minimal reduction of confinement. While the control of the X-point radiator already allows operation in full detachment at a dissipated power fraction of around 95 %, which is required for a future reactor and was previously never achieved in a controlled way, such an ELM-suppressed regime additionally eliminates the challenge of the transient, intolerably high heat fluxes by ELMs. Both requirements are met in the presented regime while maintaining a high energy confinement at high density.
Simulation Analysis of Mechanical Performance of the Broadband Coaxial Step Attenuator
Authors: Kong Zhigang , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the structure and performance of broadband coaxial step attenuator are studied by simulation. Through the finite element static structure simulation, the stress and strain of the internal structure of the step attenuator are analyzed. The contact pressure, contact state and contact stability between the reed and the attenuation unit are analyzed. The theoretical analysis and calculation of the fatigue life with the nominal stress method are carried out. At the same time, the structure of the reed is optimized and improved for better performance. Then the dynamic mechanical properties of the structure are analyzed. The finite element simulation results show that the maximum stress is 395.53MPa. Due to the high stress in the contact area between the reed and the ejector rod, there will be micro cracks at these stress concentration positions under the constant impact of the ejector rod on the reed. The micro cracks gradually grow up and finally form the macro cracks, which lead to the reed fracture.