bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidirectional Flow Apparatus for Assessing Soil Internal Erosion Susceptibility
Authors: Marot Didier , Tran Dinh Minh , Bendahmane Fateh , Le Van Thao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Suffusion is a selective erosion of fine particles within the matrix of coarse soil particles under the effect of seepage flow. Suffusion can induce important modifications in the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of the soil. At the scale of an earth structure, the flow direction can vary, and the soils that compose the structure and its foundations can be heterogeneous. Thus, to ensure the safety assessment of hydraulic earth structures, the suffusion tests need to match with the reality of the body of dikes or dams with a possible horizontal or vertical flow and heterogeneous soils. In this paper, a new multidirectional flow apparatus was developed for characterizing soil susceptibility facing suffusion process and to study the effect of flow direction. The apparatus allows the specimen tests under a vertical or a horizontal flow, and it permits selection of the layer in which the flow is injected. Two cohesionless soils that slightly differ from each other in their gradations were used to prepare eight specimens by compaction per layer. Suffusion tests were performed under multistage hydraulic gradient, and the suffusion susceptibility was evaluated by the energy-based method. In the case of specimens composed of one soil, whatever the flow direction compared to the interface between soil layers, tested soils appear slightly more erodible under vertical downward flow. These results highlight the combination effect of the hydraulic loading and the gravity on the detached particles. In the case of specimens constituted by a layer of each tested soil, the results show that under a perpendicular flow to the interface between soil layers, the suffusion susceptibility is mainly influenced by the more resistant soil. But conversely, in the case of a parallel flow to the interface between both soils, the suffusion susceptibility is mostly influenced by the less resistant soil.
Determination of Mechanical Properties of FRP Materials Using the DIC Method
Authors: Bastani Amirreza , Mitra Soham , Gorospe Karla , Das Sreekanta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The mechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have been of great interest in recent years as the applications of these materials in civil engineering and other industries have expanded. However, the utilization of FRP products, especially for new materials, has been limited because of a lack of complete knowledge about their properties. The primary objective of this study is to determine the various mechanical properties of five commonly used FRP materials. The study found that carbon FRP and high-strength glass FRP would be the best suitable materials for rehabilitation of structural elements when an increase in strength and stiffness is the primary objective. However, basalt FRP and E-glass FRP would be a far better choice for rehabilitation when ductility is the primary objective. The other objective of this study was to evaluate the application of a new digital technology, known as digital image correlation (DIC) technique, for the determination of mechanical properties of FRP materials. In this study, the strain data obtained from the DIC method were validated with strain data obtained from conventional methods (strain gage). It was found that DIC is a reliable and accurate noncontact testing method that can be successfully used for determining mechanical properties of various FRP materials.
Striatal Nurr1 Facilitates the Dyskinetic State and Exacerbates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sellnow Rhyomi C. , Steece-Collier Kathy , Altwal Feras , Sandoval Ivette M. , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Collier Timothy J. , Sortwell Caryl E. , West Anthony R. , Manfredsson Fredric P. 
Published: April 2020

The transcription factor Nurr1 has been identified to be ectopically induced in the striatum of rodents expressingl-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). In the present study, we sought to characterize Nurr1 as a causative factor in LID expression. We used rAAV2/5 to overexpress Nurr1 or GFP in the parkinsonian striatum of LID-resistant Lewis or LID-prone Fischer-344 (F344) male rats. In a second cohort, rats received the Nurr1 agonist amodiaquine (AQ) together withl-DOPA or ropinirole. All rats received a chronic DA agonist and were evaluated for LID severity. Finally, we performed single-unit recordings and dendritic spine analyses on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in drug-naïve rAAV-injected male parkinsonian rats. rAAV-GFP injected LID-resistant hemi-parkinsonian Lewis rats displayed mild LID and no induction of striatal Nurr1 despite receiving a high dose ofl-DOPA. However, Lewis rats overexpressing Nurr1 developed severe LID. Nurr1 agonism with AQ exacerbated LID in F344 rats. We additionally determined that inl-DOPA-naïve rats striatal rAAV-Nurr1 overexpression (1) increased cortically-evoked firing in a subpopulation of identified striatonigral MSNs, and (2) altered spine density and thin-spine morphology on striatal MSNs; both phenomena mimicking changes seen in dyskinetic rats. Finally, we provide postmortem evidence of Nurr1 expression in striatal neurons ofl-DOPA-treated PD patients. Our data demonstrate that ectopic induction of striatal Nurr1 is capable of inducing LID behavior and associated neuropathology, even in resistant subjects. These data support a direct role of Nurr1 in aberrant neuronal plasticity and LID induction, providing a potential novel target for therapeutic development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe transcription factor Nurr1 is ectopically induced in striatal neurons of rats exhibiting levodopa-induced dyskinesia [LID; a side-effect to dopamine replacement strategies in Parkinson's disease (PD)]. Here we asked whether Nurr1 is causing LID. Indeed, rAAV-mediated expression of Nurr1 in striatal neurons was sufficient to overcome LID-resistance, and Nurr1 agonism exacerbated LID severity in dyskinetic rats. Moreover, we found that expression of Nurr1 inl-DOPA naïve hemi-parkinsonian rats resulted in the formation of morphologic and electrophysiological signatures of maladaptive neuronal plasticity; a phenomenon associated with LID. Finally, we determined that ectopic Nurr1 expression can be found in the putamen ofl-DOPA-treated PD patients. These data suggest that striatal Nurr1 is an important mediator of the formation of LID.
Reducing Regional Poverty Rate in Central Java
Authors: Sriyana Jaka 
Published: April 2020

This paper elaborates some appropriate policies regarding regional poverty reduction in Central Java province. This research estimates a poverty model based on a set of panel data comprising 29 regencies and six cities from 2011 to 2016. A fixed-effect model presents that poverty rate has a negative association with regional economic growth, minimum wage level, number of unemployment, and the quality of human resources. The higher number of population significantly decreases poverty rate in each region. Also, this study indicates that there is more poverty rate in the eastern region than that in the west region. Moreover, the percentage of the poverty rate in regencies remains higher than the level in the cities. Overall, these results indicate that the local governments have successfully managed the poverty issues in among regencies and cities. This research finds that local governments are on the right way in their public policies in the development process. For more effective in poverty reduction, the local governments in the eastern region have to improve their human resources quality.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai Variabel Moderating
Authors: Nuansari Senja , Widiastuti Ni Putu Eka , Mulyantini Sri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a moderating variable in the effect of profitability, leverage, and size of the company, on the company values listed on the Stock Exchange from 2015 through 2018 is examined in this study. The target population consists of 96 companies and 51 of them are considered as the sample according to a pool sampling method. Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) is considered as the main method to identify and describe the relationship between the variables. These results reveal that profitability and the size of a firm have a positive and significant impact on corporate value. On the other hand, leverage was found to have an insignificant effect on corporate value. Besides, CSR show to moderate the effect of probability, leverage, and size of the firm, on the value of the company.Keywords: CSR, Corporate Value, Profitability, Leverage, and size of a firm Abstrak Peran tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) sebagai variabel moderat memberikan efek profitabilitas, leverage, dan ukuran pada nilai perusahaan yang tercantum di BEI periode 2015-2018 dalam penelitian ini. Dari populasi 96 perusahaan dan dipilih 51 sebagai sampel sesuai dengan metode pool sampling. Moderat regresi analisis (MRA) dianggap sebagai metode utama untuk mengidentifikasi dan menggambarkan hubungan antara variabel. Hasil ini mengungkapkan bahwa profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan pada nilai perusahaan. Di sisi lain leverage ditemukan memiliki efek yang tidak signifikan dari nilai perusahaan. Selain itu, CSR menunjukkan dapat memoderasi probabilitas, leverage dan ukuran perusahaan, pada nilai perusahaan.Kata Kunci: CSR, nilai perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan
Readmission and Ambulatory Health Care Use After Asthma Hospitalization Among Urban Minority Children
Authors: Philips Kaitlyn S. , Reiss Daniel E. , Silver Ellen J. , Rastogi Deepa 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:
The role of ambulatory follow-up after pediatric asthma hospitalization in preventing long-term readmissions is not well studied among hospitalized minority children. We sought to examine the association of ambulatory visit attendance with long-term readmission as well as identify predictors of attendance at these visits among urban, minority children with asthma.

METHODS:
This 2-year retrospective cohort study analyzed data for urban, minority children 2 to 18 years old who were hospitalized for asthma at a tertiary-care center. Using bivariate and multivariable analyses, we examined the independent associations of attending a postdischarge visit (within 14 days), a routine visit (within 3 months of discharge or postdischarge visit), and both visits with likelihood of asthma readmission within 365 days. We also identified predictors of attending each of these visits.

RESULTS:
The study included 613 children with a median age of 5 years. Of the children, 57.4% were boys, 51.2% were Hispanic, and 36.9% were non-Hispanic African American. One-quarter of the children were readmitted within 365 days of the index hospitalization. Children who attended the postdischarge visit had lower odds of long-term readmission (odds ratio = 0.65; 95% confidence interval = 0.43–0.97). However, attending a routine or both a postdischarge and a routine visit was not significantly associated with long-term readmission. Children with previous sick visits, complicating comorbidities, or more severe exacerbation were more likely to attend visits.

CONCLUSIONS:
Attending a postdischarge visit within 14 days of hospitalization is associated with a lower likelihood of long-term readmission. Those with a previous sick visit, more severe disease, or exacerbation are more likely to attend ambulatory visits after hospital discharge. This knowledge is important in fostering quality care transitions for children with asthma.
Discharge Criteria Decrease Variability and Improve Efficiency
Authors: Schefft Matthew , Lee Clifton , Munoz Jose 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effect of discharge criteria on discharge readiness and length of stay (LOS). Discharge inefficiency is a common barrier to hospital flow, affecting admissions, discharges, cost, patient satisfaction, and quality of care. Our center identified increasing discharge efficiency as a method to improve flow and better meet the needs of our patients.

METHODS:
A multidisciplinary team was assembled to examine discharge efficiency and flow. Discharge criteria were created for the 3 most common diagnoses on the hospital medicine service then expanded to 10 diagnoses 4 months into the project. Discharge workflow was evaluated through swim lane mapping, and barriers were evaluated through fishbone diagrams and a key driver diagram. Progress was assessed every 2 weeks through statistical process control charts. Additional interventions included provider education, daily review of criteria, and autotext added to daily notes. Our primary aim was to increase the percentage of patients discharged within 3 hours of meeting discharge criteria from 44% to 75% within 12 months of project implementation.

RESULTS:
Discharge within 3 hours as well as 2 hours of meeting criteria improved significantly, from 44% to 87% and from 33% to 78%, respectively. LOS for the 10 diagnoses decreased from 2.89 to 1.47 days, with greatest gains seen for patients with asthma, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis without a change in the 30-day readmission rate.

CONCLUSIONS:
Discharge criteria for common diagnoses may be an effective way to decrease variability and improve LOS for hospitalized children.
Disparities in Service Use Among Children With Autism: A Systematic Review
Authors: Smith Kathryn A. , Gehricke Jean-G. , Iadarola Suzannah , Wolfe Audrey , Kuhlthau Karen A. 
Published: April 2020

CONTEXT:
Research reveals racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in autism diagnosis; there is limited information on potential disparities related to other dimensions of services.

OBJECTIVE:
We reviewed evidence related to disparities in service use, intervention effectiveness, and quality of care provided to children with autism by race, ethnicity, and/or socioeconomic status.

DATA SOURCES:
Medline, PsychInfo, Educational Resources Informational Clearinghouse, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched by using a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords related to autism, disparities, treatment, and services.

STUDY SELECTION:
Included studies addressed at least one key question and met eligibility criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Two authors reviewed the titles and abstracts of articles and reviewed the full text of potentially relevant articles. Authors extracted information from articles that were deemed appropriate.

RESULTS:
Treatment disparities exist for access to care, referral frequency, number of service hours, and proportion of unmet service needs. Evidence revealed that racial and ethnic minority groups and children from low-income families have less access to acute care, specialized services, educational services, and community services compared with higher-income and white families. We found no studies in which differences in intervention effectiveness were examined. Several studies revealed disparities such that African American and Hispanic families and those from low-income households reported lower quality of care.

LIMITATIONS:
The body of literature on this topic is small; hence it served as a limitation to this review.

CONCLUSIONS:
The documented disparities in access and quality of care may further identify groups in need of outreach, care coordination, and/or other interventions.
Patient- and Family-Centered Care in the Emergency Department for Children With Autism
Authors: Nicholas David B. , Muskat Barbara , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Greenblatt Andrea , Ratnapalan Savithiri , Kilmer Christopher , Craig William , Roberts Wendy , Cohen-Silver Justine , Newton Amanda , Sharon Raphael 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
Emergency department (ED) care processes and environments impose unique challenges for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The implementation of patient- and family-centered care (PFCC) emerges as a priority for optimizing ED care. In this article, as part of a larger study, we explore PFCC in the context of ASD. Our aims were to examine how elements of PFCC were experienced and applied relative to ED care for children with ASD.

METHODS:
Qualitative interviews were conducted with parents and ED service providers, drawing on a grounded theory approach. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by using established constant comparison methods. Data were reviewed to appraise the reported presence or absence of PFCC components.

RESULTS:
Fifty-three stakeholders (31 parents of children with ASD and 22 ED service providers) participated in interviews. Results revealed the value of PFCC in autism-based ED care. Helpful attributes of care were a person-centered approach, staff knowledge about ASD, consultation with parents, and a child-focused environment. Conversely, a lack of staff knowledge and/or experience in ASD, inattention to parent expertise, insufficient communication, insufficient family orientation to the ED, an inaccessible environment, insufficient support, a lack of resources, and system rigidities were identified to impede the experience of care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Findings amplify PFCC as integral to effectively serving children with ASD and their families in the ED. Resources that specifically nurture PFCC emerge as practice and program priorities.
Early Childhood Factors Associated With Peer Victimization Trajectories From 6 to 17 Years of Age
Authors: Oncioiu Sînziana I. , Orri Massimiliano , Boivin Michel , Geoffroy Marie-Claude , Arseneault Louise , Brendgen Mara , Vitaro Frank , Navarro Marie C. , Galéra Cédric , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:To describe (1) the developmental trajectories of peer victimization from 6 to 17 years of age and (2) the early childhood behaviors and family characteristics associated with the trajectories.METHODS:We used data from 1760 children enrolled in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a population-based birth cohort. Participants self-reported peer victimization at ages 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 17 years. Participants’ behavior and family characteristics were measured repeatedly between ages 5 months and 5 years.RESULTS:We identified 4 trajectories of peer victimization from 6 to 17 years of age: low (32.9%), moderate-emerging (29.8%), childhood-limited (26.2%), and high-chronic (11.1%). Compared with children in the low peer victimization trajectory, children in the other 3 trajectories were more likely to exhibit externalizing behaviors in early childhood, and those in the high-chronic and moderate-emerging trajectories were more likely to be male. Paternal history of antisocial behavior was associated with moderate-emerging (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.19) and high-chronic (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.25–2.99) relative to low peer victimization. Living in a nonintact family in early childhood was associated with childhood-limited (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.11–1.97) and high-chronic (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.09–2.31) relative to low peer victimization.CONCLUSIONS:Early childhood externalizing behaviors and family vulnerabilities were associated with the development of peer victimization. Some children entered the cascade of persistent peer victimization at the beginning of primary school. Support to these children and their families early in life should be an important component of peer victimization preventive interventions.
Garbin, David and Anna Strhan (eds) 2017. <i>Religion and the Global City</i>
Authors: Hartson Taylor E. 
Published: April 2020

Garbin, David and Anna Strhan (eds) 2017. Religion and the Global City. London: Bloomsbury Academic. 270 pp. ISBN: 978-14742-7242-1 £90.00 (hbk); 978-13500-9463-5 £28.99 (pbk); 978- 14742-7244-5 £31.30 (e-book).
The Effect of Creatine Supplement on The Kidney Function of Dragon Boat Athletes
Authors: Pitriani Pipit , Ray Hamidie Ronald RayDaniel , Darajat Jajat 
Published: April 2020

The consumption of creatine supplement among amateur and professional athletes is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of creatine supplementation on the kidney function of dragon boat athletes. 12 dragon boat athletes were divided into 2 groups, including one group that consumed creatine supplement and one group without creatine intake (placebo). Creatine supplement was given at a loading dose of 20gr/day. The frequency of creatine supplement intake was 3-4x a day. In the second week, the dose was reduced into 15 gr/day. Creatine supplements were consumed for 5 weeks. Blood urea and creatinine were taken from the median cubital vein of the arm by using a 3cc syringe. The results showed that creatine supplementation had a significant effect in increasing the level of blood urea and creatinine. Although there were increases in urea and creatinine levels in the blood, the amount was still within normal limits. Therefore, it should be anticipated by taking a sufficient water intake. AbstrakKonsumsi kreatin suplemen di kalangan atlet amatir dan profesional semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplemen kreatin terhadap fungsi ginjal atlet dragon boat. 12 orang atlet dragon boat dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, satu kelompok yang mengkonsumsi kreatin dan satu kelompok tanpa asupan kreatin (placebo). Suplemen kreatin diberikan dengan dosis loading 20gr/hari, frekuensi pemberian 3-4x sehari. Pada minggu kedua dosis diturunkan menjadi 15 gr/hari. Suplemen kreatin dikonsumsi selama 5 minggu. Kadar ureum dan kreatinin darah diambil dari vena median cubital lengan dengan menggunakan spuit 3cc. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pemberian suplemen kreatin berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan kadar ureum dan kreatinin dalam darah. Walau terdapat peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin dalam darah namun jumlahnya masih dalam batas normal, sehingga perlu diantisipasi dengan asupan cairan yang memadai.
As reformas educativas globais e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)
Authors: Caetano Maria Raquel 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as reformas educacionais globais e apresentar os interlocutores na construção da política educacional denominada Base Nacional Comum Curricular mostrando como influenciaram e disputaram essa política. A Fundação Lemann operou na organização do Movimento pela Base, influenciando de muitas formas a condução do trabalho, como recursos materiais, produção de conhecimento, poder de mídia e redes. No desenvolvimento metodológico, procedemos ao levantamento e análise de documentos oficiais, institucionais, relatórios e fontes secundárias: pesquisas e produções já desenvolvidas sobre o tema. Nas considerações, apresentamos o papel da Fundação Lemann na BNCC, influenciando e direcionando diretamente a formulação da política educacional.Palavras-chave: Politicas, Reformas, BNCC.