bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope View of Dwarf Irregular Galaxy IC 2574: Is the Star Formation Triggered Due to Expanding H i Shells?
Authors: Mondal Chayan , Subramaniam Annapurni , George Koshy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Star-forming dwarf galaxies in the local volume are diverse and ideal test beds to understand the details of star formation in a variety of environments. Here we present a deep far-UV (FUV) imaging study of the nearby dwarf irregular galaxy IC 2574 using the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope. We identified 419 FUV-bright regions with radii between 15 and 285 pc in the galaxy and found that 28.6% of them are located in H i shells, 12.6% inside holes, and 60.1% away from the holes. The H i column density is found to be more than 1021 cm−2 for 82.3% of the identified regions. Thirty of the 48 H i holes show triggered star formation in their shells, while 16 holes do not show any related FUV emission. Cross-matching with Hα emission, we found that 23 holes have both FUV and Hα emission in their shells, signifying a very recent trigger. Therefore, star formation in the galaxy has been partly triggered due to the expanding H i holes, whereas in the majority of the sites, it is driven by other mechanisms. Irrespective of the location, larger star-forming complexes were found to have multiple substructures. We report two resolved components for the remnant cluster of the supergiant shell and estimate their masses. The star formation rate of IC 2574 is found to be 0.57 M
⊙ yr−1, which is slightly higher compared to the average value of other nearby dwarf irregular galaxies.
Frequency Distribution of Acoustic Oscillation in the Solar Atmosphere During Flare Event
Authors: Wiśniewska A. , Chmielewska E. , Radziszewski K. , Roth M. , Staiger J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a study of multi-wavelength observations, of a C 2.3 solar flare in Active Region NOAA 12353, observed on 2015 May 23, which reveal new properties of acoustic waves in the flaring region. The space-, and ground-based data measured by the HELioseismological Large Regions Interferometric Device, operating at the Vacuum Tower Telescope, the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory, were used in this paper. First, using power spectra of solar oscillations, we identified the dominant frequencies and their location at seven different atmospheric levels before and after the flare event. Second, based on AIA observations taken in six Extreme Ultraviolet filters, we derived Differential Emission Measure (DEM) profiles and DEM maps of the flare. Finally, we confirm the sigma shape of the magnetic field in the active area, directly related to the flare. Our results are as follows: the high-frequency waves (ν > 5 mHz) in the photosphere, in both cases, before and after the flare, are generated at the footpoints of the chromospheric loop, while in the chromosphere (Hα line), before the event the power enhancement exhibits the maximum of flare emission, and after the eruption the enhancement by all frequencies is observed only in the post-flare loop area. Moreover, the power of oscillation in the pores surrounding the area before the flare has a random character, while after the flare oscillation power is concentrated in the pore, and weakened outside of. We conclude that accurate detection of high-frequency acoustic waves in active regions can lead to faster and easier prediction of high-energy events.
The Outer Rim Simulation: A Path to Many-core Supercomputers
Authors: Heitmann Katrin , Finkel Hal , Pope Adrian , Morozov Vitali , Frontiere Nicholas , Habib Salman , Rangel Esteban , Uram Thomas , Korytov Danila , Child Hillary , Flender Samuel , Insley Joe , Rizzi Silvio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We describe the Outer Rim cosmological simulation, one of the largest high-resolution N-body simulations performed to date, aimed at promoting science to be carried out with large-scale structure surveys. The simulation covers a volume of (4.225 Gpc)3 and evolves more than one trillion particles. It was executed on Mira, a BlueGene/Q system at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. We discuss some of the computational challenges posed by a system such as Mira, a many-core supercomputer, and how the simulation code, Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code, has been designed to overcome these challenges. We have carried out a large range of analyses on the simulation data and we report on the results as well as the data products that have been generated. The full data set generated by the simulation totals more than 5 PB of data, making curation and handling of the data a large challenge in itself. The simulation results have been used to generate synthetic catalogs for large-scale structure surveys, including Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and eBOSS, as well as experiments on the cosmic microwave background. A detailed catalog for the data challenges of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Dark Energy Science Collaboration has been created as well. We publicly release some of the Outer Rim halo catalogs, downsampled particle information, and lightcone data.
Small-scale H i Channel Map Structure Is Cold: Evidence from Na i Absorption at High Galactic Latitudes
Authors: Peek J. E. G. , Clark S. E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The spatial distribution of neutral hydrogen (H i) emission is a powerful probe of interstellar medium physics. The small-scale structure in H i channel maps is often assumed to probe the velocity field rather than real density structures. In this work we directly test this assumption, using high-resolution GALFA-H i observations and 50,985 quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We measure the equivalent widths of interstellar Na i D1 and Na i D2 absorption, and robustly conclude that together they depend nearly four times as strongly on the column density of small-scale structure in H i than on either the large-scale H i structure or the total H i column. This is inconsistent with the hypothesis that small-scale channel map structure is driven by velocity crowding. Instead, the data favor the interpretation that this emission structure predominantly originates in cold, dense interstellar material, consistent with a clumpy cold neutral medium.
The Halo Mass Function of Late-type Galaxies from H i Kinematics
Authors: Li Pengfei , Lelli Federico , McGaugh Stacy , Pawlowski Marcel S. , Zwaan Martin A. , Schombert James 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present an empirical method to measure the halo mass function (HMF) of galaxies. We determine the relation between the H i line width from single-dish observations and the dark matter halo mass (M
200) inferred from rotation-curve fits in the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) database, then we apply this relation to galaxies from the H i Parkes All Sky Survey (HIPASS) to derive the HMF. This empirical HMF is well fit by a Schechter function, and matches that expected in the Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model over the range 1010.5 < M
200 < 1012
M
⊙. More massive halos must be poor in neutral gas to maintain consistency with the power law predicted by ΛCDM. We detect no discrepancy at low masses. The lowest halo mass probed by HIPASS, however, is just greater than the mass scale where the Local Group missing satellite problem sets in. The integrated mass density associated with the dark matter halos of H i-detected galaxies sums to Ωm,gal ≈ 0.03 over the probed mass range.
Rovibrational Spectral Analysis of CO3 and C2O3: Potential Sources for O2 Observed in Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Peters Daniel , Ferrari Brian C. , Bennett Christopher J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The recent ROSETTA mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko detected surprisingly high levels of molecular oxygen (O2; hypervolatile species) in the coma. Current models predict that considerable levels of other hypervolatiles (such as molecular nitrogen, N2, methane, CH4, and Argon) should be found at similar levels, whereas they are more depleted. One explanation explored here is that larger (less volatile) parent molecules may have been formed during radiolysis of cometary ices and, upon sublimation, are subsequently broken down within the coma into smaller, more volatile fragments. In support of this hypothesis, this work employs reliable quantum chemical techniques to provide the spectral data necessary for the detection of two candidate precursor “parent” molecules, cyclic carbon trioxide (c-CO3), and cyclic dicarbon trioxide (c-C2O3). Benchmark computations performed for gas-phase CO2 give vibrational frequencies to within 1.5 cm−1 or better for the three fundamentals. Both c-CO3 and c-C2O3 have strong infrared features in the 4.5–5.5 μm (1800–2200 cm−1) range and other notable infrared features closer to 1100 cm−1 (9.10 μm). These molecules are both rotationally active, unlike CO2, and are therefore potentially observable and present new targets for radio telescope observations. Due to the stronger dipole moment, c-CO3 should be more easily detectable than the nearly non-polar c-C2O3. These data may help observations of these molecules and can provide insights as to how radiation-driven derivatization of CO/CO2 precursors could contribute to the generation of higher-mass parent species that subsequently degrade to produce more volatile species, such as O2, observed in cometary comae.
Use of Recommended Non-surgical Knee Osteoarthritis Management in Patients prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: King Lauren K. , Marshall Deborah A. , Faris Peter , Woodhouse Linda J. , Jones C. Allyson , Noseworthy Tom , Bohm Eric , Dunbar Michael J. , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: November 2019

Objective.Our aim was to assess prior use of core recommended non-surgical treatment among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) scheduled for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and to assess potential patient-level correlates of underuse, if found.Methods.This was a cross-sectional study of patients undergoing TKA for primary knee OA at 2 provincial central intake hip and knee clinics in Alberta, Canada. Standardized questionnaires assessed sociodemographic characteristics, social support, coexisting medical conditions, OA symptoms and coping, and previous non-surgical management. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the patient-level variables independently associated with receipt of recommended non-surgical knee OA treatment, defined as prior use of pharmacotherapy for pain, rehabilitation strategies (exercise or physiotherapy), and weight loss if overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2).Results.There were 1273 patients included: mean age 66.9 years (SD 8.7), 39.9% male, and 44.1% had less than post-secondary education. Recommended non-surgical knee OA treatment had been used by 59.7% of patients. In multivariable modeling, the odds of having received recommended non-surgical knee OA treatment were significantly and independently lower among individuals who were older (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99), male (OR 0.33, 0.25–0.45), and who lacked post-secondary education (OR 0.70, 0.53–0.93).Conclusion.In a large cross-sectional analysis of knee OA patients scheduled for TKA, 40% of individuals reported having not received core recommended non-surgical treatments. Older individuals, men, and those with less education had lower odds of having used recommended non-surgical OA treatments.
Effect of a Single Apolipoprotein L1 Gene Nephropathy Variant on the Risk of Advanced Lupus Nephritis in Brazilians
Authors: Vajgel Gisele , Lima Suelen Cristina , Santana Diego Jeronimo S. , Oliveira Camila B.L. , Costa Denise Maria N. , Hicks Pamela J. , Cavalcante Maria Alina G.M. , Langefeld Carl D. , Valente Lucila Maria , Crovella Sergio , Kirsztajn Gianna Mastroianni , Freedman Barry I. , Sandrin-Garcia Paula 
Published: November 2019

Objective.Apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1) G1 and G2 renal risk alleles (RRA) are associated with endstage renal disease in blacks with lupus nephritis (LN). The present study determined frequencies ofAPOL1RRA in nonwhite Brazilian patients with LN and controls to assess association with renal outcomes.Methods.APOL1 RRA were genotyped in 222 healthy blood donors (controls) and 201 cases with LN from 3 outpatient clinics. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the G1 (rs73885319 and rs60910145) and an indel for the G2 (rs71785313) variant were genotyped.Results.The frequency ofAPOL1RRA in nonwhite Brazilian LN cases did not differ significantly from healthy controls, and few participants had 2 RRA. In the sample, 84.6% of LN cases and 84.2% of controls had 0 RRA, 13.4% and 15.3% had 1 RRA, and 2.0% and 0.4% had 2 RRA, respectively. LN cases with ≥ 1APOL1RRA had similar baseline characteristics and renal responses to treatment, yet faced higher risk for progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) to an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2compared to those with 0 RRA (11.2% with 0, 29.6% with 1; 50% with 2 RRA, p = 0.005). Although glomerular lesions and activity scores on initial kidney biopsy did not differ significantly between individuals based onAPOL1genotype, chronicity scores, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis were more severe in those with ≥ 1 RRA (p = 0.011, p = 0.002, p = 0.018, respectively).Conclusion.Although initial kidney lesions and treatment responses were similar, a singleAPOL1RRA in nonwhite Brazilians with LN was associated with increased risk of advanced CKD and possibly more tubulointerstitial damage.
Using Mobile Learning Tools in Higher Education: A UAE Case
Authors: Eppard Jenny , Hojeij Zeina , Ozdemir-Ayber Pinar , Rodjan-Helder Marlieke , Baroudi Sandra 
Published: November 2019

Research indicates that mobile learning (ML), has the potential to transform teaching and learning. Despite its benefits, mobile learning adoption is a challenging process which requires support to facilitate its integration. The focus of this article is to investigate the factors that could affect ML acceptance. The quantitative and qualitative data collected from the surveys revealed additional information regarding the pedagogical benefits of and obstacles to mobile learning integration. Even though participants in this study reported to be late adopters of technology, they maintained that ML is useful for learning, specifically ubiquitous learning. Teachers also noted that mobile learning integration is more successful when aligned with local cultural norms. Mobile learning tools that might be culturally appropriate in one context may not always be accepted in another. Findings of this study provide several implications and recommendations for future research on mobile learning implementation. Further research could explore the development and utilization of a rubric with specific criteria for evaluating mobile learning applictations.<strong> � </strong>
Enquêter sur le parti Russie unie : de la défiance politique à l’illégitimité scientifique ?
Authors: Fauconnier Clémentine 
Published: November 2019

L’analyse porte sur Russie unie, parti politique hégémonique créé en 2001 pour soutenir Vladimir Poutine. L’objet de cette contribution est de montrer la façon dont l’étude de ce type d’objet, « antipathique » et souvent considéré comme illégitime, est porteuse d’une charge critique importante en invitant à revisiter les paradigmes à la disposition des chercheurs. Elle s’attachera notamment à montrer comment la préparation et la conduite du terrain, auprès d’enquêtés eux aussi souvent dans une posture de défiance face à l’enquêteur, implique dès le début de l’analyse un travail de dénaturalisation d’un certain nombre de notions et de concepts ainsi qu’une attention particulière à la configuration sociale et politique différente du contexte dans lequel ils s’inscrivent. Il s’agira alors de restituer le terrain sans sympathie comme une expérience de décentrement – scientifique, mais aussi, politique, social, personnel.
Un shabbat à la mosquée. Les mésaventures d’un anthropologue au kibboutz
Authors: Mevel Ellie 
Published: November 2019

L’article propose d’explorer la façon dont la naissance d’une « détestation politique » (Avanza, 2008) réciproque entre le chercheur et ses enquêtés a pu devenir génératrice de connaissances au travers d’une recherche menée dans un kibboutz en Israël. Il évoque tout d’abord la façon dont les relations se sont tissées avec les enquêtés, d’abord dans un rapport de proximité avant de glisser peu à peu vers une répulsion réciproque. Ce glissement, qui a résulté d’une prise de distance du chercheur à l’égard de la doxa militaro-sioniste a permis de situer l’objet d’étude dans le contexte historique et idéologique de la construction de l’État d’Israël et dans les rapports de force que cette construction a engendrés. Ainsi, l’évolution des relations avec les enquêtés a représenté un point crucial de l’enquête, en permettant d’élargir la focale à des réflexions qui ne se limitent pas exclusivement au kibboutz mais qui ont invité à considérer l’univers affectif et moral avec lequel le chercheur est amené à composer au cours de son travail de terrain.
Des vertus de l’inconfort :Enjeux méthodologiques et analytiques d’une enquête sur le mouvement musulman turc de Fethullah Gülen
Authors: Angey Gabrielle 
Published: November 2019

À partir d’un retour réflexif sur l’enquête de terrain menée pendant le doctorat sur les expériences croisées du mouvement musulman turc de Fethullah Gülen entre la Turquie et l’Afrique subsaharienne, j’expose de manière processuelle les apports analytiques d’un parcours méthodologique inconfortable. L’objectivation du « cas implicant » de ma présence sur le terrain révèle les logiques institutionnelles d’un groupe religieux transnational fondé sur des formes d’opacité organisées.
Galectin-9 Expression Defines a Subpopulation of NK Cells with Impaired Cytotoxic Effector Molecules but Enhanced IFN-γ Production, Dichotomous to TIGIT, in HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Motamedi Melika , Shahbaz Shima , Fu Li , Dunsmore Garett , Xu Lai , Harrington Robert , Houston Stan , Elahi Shokrollah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
NK cell functions are tightly regulated by the balance between the inhibitory and stimulatory surface receptors. We investigated the surface expression of galectin-9 (Gal-9) and its function in NK cells from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy, long-term nonprogressors, and progressors compared with healthy controls. We also measured the expression of TIGIT and TIM-3 on different NK cell subpopulations and compared their functionality to Gal-9+ NK cells. Our data demonstrated significant upregulation of Gal-9 on NK cells in HIV-infected groups versus healthy controls. Gal-9 expression was associated with impaired expression of cytotoxic effector molecules granzyme B, perforin, and granulysin. In contrast, Gal-9 expression significantly enhanced IFN-γ expression in NK cells of HIV-1–infected individuals. We also found an expansion of TIGIT+ NK cells in HIV-infected individuals; however, dichotomous to Gal-9+ NK cells, TIGIT+ NK cells expressed significantly higher amounts of cytotoxic molecules but lower IFN-γ. Moreover, lower expression of cytotoxic effector molecules in Gal-9+ NK cells was associated with higher CD107a expression, which suggests indiscriminate degranulation. Importantly, a positive correlation between the plasma viral load and Gal-9+ NK cells was observed in progressors. Finally, we found that a cytokine mixture (IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) can improve effector functions of Gal-9+ NK cells in HIV-infected individuals, although, such an effect was observed for Gal-9− NK cells, as well. Overall, our data highlight the important role of Gal-9 in dysfunctional NK cells and, more importantly, a dichotomy for the role of Gal-9 versus TIGIT and suggest a potential new avenue for the development of therapeutic approaches.
Cross-Reactivity to Kynureninase Tolerizes B Cells That Express the HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody 2F5
Authors: Finney Joel , Yang Guang , Kuraoka Masayuki , Song Shengli , Nojima Takuya , Verkoczy Laurent , Kitamura Daisuke , Haynes Barton F. , Kelsoe Garnett 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2F5 is an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing Ab that also binds the autoantigens kynureninase (KYNU) and anionic lipids. Generation of 2F5-like Abs is proscribed by immune tolerance, but it is unclear which autospecificity is responsible. We sampled the BCR repertoire of 2F5 knock-in mice before and after the first and second tolerance checkpoints. Nearly all small pre–B (precheckpoint) and 35–70% of anergic peripheral B cells (postcheckpoint) expressed the 2F5 BCR and maintained KYNU, lipid, and HIV-1 gp41 reactivity. In contrast, all postcheckpoint mature follicular (MF) B cells had undergone L chain editing that purged KYNU and gp41 binding but left lipid reactivity largely intact. We conclude that specificity for KYNU is the primary driver of tolerization of 2F5-expressing B cells. The MF and anergic B cell populations favored distinct collections of editor L chains; surprisingly, however, MF and anergic B cells also frequently expressed identical BCRs. These results imply that BCR autoreactivity is the primary determinant of whether a developing B cell enters the MF or anergic compartments, with a secondary role for stochastic factors that slightly mix the two pools. Our study provides mechanistic insights into how immunological tolerance impairs humoral responses to HIV-1 and supports activation of anergic B cells as a potential method for HIV-1 vaccination.
Macrophages Are a Potent Source of Streptococcus-Induced IFN-β
Authors: Feuerstein Reinhild , Gres Vitka , Elias Perdigó Núria , Baasch Sebastian , Freudenhammer Mirjam , Elling Roland , Henneke Philipp 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
IFN-β essentially modulates the host response against mucocutaneous colonizers and potential pathogens, such as group B Streptococcus (GBS). It has been reported that the dominant signaling cascade driving IFN-β in macrophages (MΦ) in streptococcal infection is the cGAS–STING pathway, whereas conventional dendritic cells (DC) exploit endosomal recognition by intracellular TLRs. In this study, we revisited this issue by precisely monitoring the phenotypic dynamics in mixed mouse MΦ/DC cultures with GM-CSF, which requires snapshot definition of cellular identities. We identified four mononuclear phagocyte populations, of which two were transcriptionally and morphologically distinct MΦ–DC-like subsets, and two were transitional types. Notably, GBS induced a TLR7-dependent IFN-β signal only in MΦ-like but not in DC-like cells. IFN-β induction did not require live bacteria (i.e., the formation of cytolytic toxins), which are essential for IFN-β induction via cGAS–STING. In contrast to IFN-β, GBS induced TNF-α independently of TLR7. Subsequent to the interaction with streptococci, MΦ changed their immunophenotype and gained some typical DC markers and DC-like morphology. In summary, we identify IFN-β formation as part of the antistreptococcal repertoire of GM-CSF differentiated MΦ in vitro and in vivo and delineate their plasticity.