bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement on properties of Chinese lacquer by polyamidoamine
Authors: Zhang Ding , Xia Jianrong , Xue Hanyu , Zhang Yuchi , Lin Qi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) was added to raw lacquer in different proportions, and the curing process and properties of lacquer film were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To investigate the cross‐linking state between PAMAM and urushiol, NMR was used in this study. The experiments revealed that the comprehensive mechanical properties of modified‐film, especially the impact strength, were significantly improved. In addition, the touch‐free drying time of lacquer film decreased, and its alkali resistance was improved due to the cross‐linking of PAMAM and urushiol molecules.
Structure and performance of electroblown PVDF‐based nanofibrous electret filters
Authors: Al Rai Adel , Stojanovska Elena , Fidan Gizem , Yetgin Eda , Polat Yusuf , Kilic Ali , Demir Ali , Yilmaz Safak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based nanofibrous mats were produced via electrically assisted solution blowing (electroblowing). Morphology and filtration properties of the nanofibrous mats were investigated as a function of polymer concentration and applied voltage. The average fiber diameter was reduced from 727 ± 366 nm to 408 ± 143 nm and from 424 ± 233 nm to 328 ± 105 nm, using 16 wt% and 12 wt% concentrations, respectively, with an increase of electric voltage from 0 to 30 kV. In addition, the pore size of the mats produced from 12 wt% concentration decreases with the increase of electric voltage. Results showed that electroblown mats possess high filtration properties and performance. Enhancement of mechanical capturing efficiency is attributed to the reduction in fiber diameter and pore size. The enhancement of electrostatic capturing efficiency is thought to be from the improved electret property of the mats, which eliminates the need for a second step to polarize nanofibrous mats. As a result, both mechanical and electrostatic capture efficiency of the mats is enhanced compared to solution blown PVDF mats. The emerging electret property might be due to the accumulation of the electrostatic charges at high voltage and the enhanced polarized β phase, which is the result of the high drawing ratio applied to the polymer jet during the spinning process.
Detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of the thermomechanical properties of epoxy composites containing paraffin microcapsules for thermal management
Authors: Fredi Giulia , Dorigato Andrea , Fambri Luca , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicroencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) are being increasingly employed as functional fillers in polymer matrices for thermal management. Therefore, the effect of PCM microcapsules on the rheological, microstructural, thermal and mechanical properties of the host polymer matrices must be understood. This work concerned the preparation of epoxy polymers filled with PCM microcapsules (MC) in various concentrations and their subsequent characterization. The MC phase increases the viscosity of epoxy before curing, thereby reducing castability and hindering elimination of air bubbles. The latter was reflected in an increase in porosity for highly filled compositions, as elucidated by density measurements and microscopic investigation. SEM micrographs showed that the adhesion between the capsule shell and the epoxy matrix was not optimal. The interfacial weakness and the intrinsic low stiffness and strength of MC caused a reduction in mechanical properties, as evidenced by the Nicolais‐Narkis and Pukanszky models. On the other hand, at zero or low deformation levels, the interface presents no gaps and is able to transfer load and heat, as demonstrated by the data of elastic modulus, modeled with the Halpin‐Tsai and Lewis‐Nielsen models, and those of thermal conductivity, in excellent agreement with the Pal model. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2020. © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers
Analytical shell models for light atoms
Authors: Finzel Kati 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA parameter‐free analytical representation for the Pauli potential is presented. Minimization with respect to the energy yields a single minimum for H and He atoms, while for atoms from Li to C the energy landscape exhibits two separate minima with the proposed ansatz for the Pauli potential. Here, one of the local minima results in structured electron densities, while the other minimum is connected with an unstructured electron density. For the atoms from N to Ne, only the unstructured solution is found. Total energies resulting from the structured electron density lie in all cases above the corresponding orbital‐based Kohn–Sham (KS) data, obtained from a Slater determinant obeying the fermionic nature of the electrons, while the unstructured solution yields total energies far below the KS data. The proposed ansatz seems to allow for both energetic minima: the first one accounting for the fermionic nature of the electrons, while the second one showing Boson‐like characteristics. Thus, the proposed ansatz provides new insight for systematic approaches in orbital‐free density functional theory.
Design of optimal interval observers using set‐theoretic methods for robust state estimation
Authors: Xu Feng , Tan Junbo , Raïssi Tarek , Liang Bin 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis article aims to design an optimal interval observer for discrete linear time‐invariant systems. Particularly, the proposed design method first transforms the interval observer into a zonotopic set‐valued observer by establishing an explicit mathematical relationship between the interval observer and the zonoptopic set‐valued observer. Then, based on the established mathematical relationship, a locally optimal observer gain is designed for the interval observer via the equivalent zonotopic set‐valued observer structure and the Frobenious norm‐based size of zonotopes. Third, considering that the dynamics of the optimal interval observer becomes a discrete linear time‐varying system due to the designed time‐varying optimal gain, an optimization problem to obtain a coordinate transformation matrix and the locally optimal observer gain for the interval observer is formulated and handled. Finally, a theoretic comparison on the conservatism of the interval observer and the zonotopic set‐valued observer is made. At the end of this article, a microbial growth bioprocess is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synergy Derived from Bimetal Co−Cu in Phosphate to Enables Ultrafast Catalytic Hydrogenated Activity in Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Wang Jin , Gao Shuying , Hu Xu , Zhou Shijian , Yang Fu , Kong Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, we report Co−Cu bimetal integrated phosphate catalyst, unexpectedly enables ultrafast catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol within 40 s by right of the synergy of bimetals. Impressively, the reaction induction period observed might indicate the deoxygenation of metal oxide units in phosphate, however, which was eliminated using bimetal (Co−Cu) phosphate at 30 °C and 40 °C. The calculated reaction rate constant is 4.78 min−1 at 30 °C, which exhibits a very high superiority compared to other reported cobalt‐based catalysts. This study offers the possibility for the ultrafast catalytic reduction and elimination of toxic nitrophenol using efficient‐cost transition metal catalysts.
Cobalt(II) Benzazole Derivative Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Synergistic Activity
Authors: Nandanwar Sondavid K. , Borkar Shweta B. , Wijaya Bryan Nathanael , Cho Joung Hyung , Tarte Naresh H. , Jun Kim Hak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized the cobalt(II) chelation free complexes (1–3) with the general formula of [CoCl2L2] containing monodentate ligands (L=2‐methylbenzimidazole (L1), 2‐methylbenzoxazole (L2), and 2‐methylbenzothiazole (L3) and fully characterized by UV‐vis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and the crystal structures of 1–3 were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Complexes 1–3 showed substantial antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. Complexes 2 and 3 were more active against S. aureus with the Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 12.5 μg/mL compared to other bacteria. Complexes 1–3 exhibited strong synergy with ampicillin (AMP) against Methicillin Resistant S. aureus strains (MRSA). Interestingly, complexes 2 and 3 in combination with AMP showed the membrane permeabilization of MRSA. This indicates that complexes 2 and 3 in combination with AMP had bacterial membrane disruption as a possible mechanism of action.
2D HSQC Chemical Shifts of Impurities from Biomass Pretreatment
Authors: Bryant Nathan , G. Yoo Chang , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful analytical method which can be used to elucidate the structure of biomass. During processing, biomass is typically subjected to some form of chemical treatment which can be performed with a variety of compounds. The presence of these compounds, even in trace amounts, has the potential to contaminate the sample and lead to misinterpretation of the HSQC spectra. Here we report the chemical shifts of 29 compounds commonly used in biomass processing which have the potential to contaminate the biomass samples and lead to the misinterpretation of peaks associated with biomass (Populus trichocarpa) pretreated via autohydrolysis. The identification of these chemical shifts could serve as a valuable tool in preventing errors in characterizing biomass via HSQC.
Participation in structured STEM‐focused out‐of‐school time programs in secondary school: Linkage to postsecondary STEM aspiration and major
Authors: Chan Hsun‐Yu , Choi Hyejin , Hailu Meseret F. , Whitford Melinda , Duplechain DeRouen Sheila 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explore how secondary school students' participation in structured, math‐ and science‐focused programs outside of school is associated with the aspiration to, and actual enrollment in, a STEM major in college. Moreover, we examine how varying sociodemographic backgrounds are related to their participation in these programs. Using expectancy‐value theory and social cognitive career theory as our conceptual frameworks, we conduct a path analysis based on a nationally representative panel dataset. Results indicate that students who participate in structured science‐focused out‐of‐school programs in eighth grade are more likely to express an aspiration to and choosing a STEM major in college. The intersection of sociodemographic backgrounds further highlights the intricate differences in math‐focused programs participation outside of school between Latinx and White adolescents of varying socioeconomic status.
Bounds on non-standard interactions of neutrinos from IceCube DeepCore data
Authors: Demidov S.V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
New physics in neutrino sector can reveal itself via non-standard neutrino in- teractions which can result in modification of the standard picture of neutrino propagation in matter. Experiments with atmospheric neutrinos has been used to probe this scenario. Using publicly available three-year low energy data in IceCube DeepCore we place bounds on the parameters Eαβ of non-standard neutrino interactions in propagation. We obtain re- strictive constraints not only for μτ sector but also for flavor changing interactions involving electron neutrinos.
Dynamic transfer of soil bacteria and dissolved organic carbon into small streams during hydrological events
Authors: Caillon Florian , Schelker Jakob 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSmall headwater streams interlink catchment soils with the river network. As water makes its way from the hillslopes to the stream, it may transport dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and potentially soil microbes into stream water. In this study, we aimed at quantifying the dynamic transfer of DOC and microbial life, namely bacteria from catchment soils into streams. We hypothesized that increased soil saturation enhances the lateral inflow of bacteria and DOC into streams. To address this hypothesis, we sampled six first order streams and three soil transects at two different depths located within the pre-alpine Oberer Seebach (OSB) catchment in Austria over a duration of 2 years. We found a strong variation in DOC concentrations (range 0.4–5.6 mg L−1) and bacterial abundances (range < 500,000–3,863,000 cells mL−1) measured by flow-cytometry. The highest values of DOC and bacterial cells occurred during high flow events. DOC concentration and bacterial abundance were correlated across all streams and seasons. In soils, DOC ranges were higher and were also correlated with bacterial abundance, while DOC concentrations were ∼ 10 times higher per bacterial cell than in streams. Overall we show that soils provide a dynamic inflow of bacteria and DOC to first order streams. Most probably, this results in a dynamic and reoccurring inoculation of small streams from catchment soils during runoff events. We propose that this dynamic microbial inoculation of small streams is potentially relevant for microbial community dynamics of downstream receiving waters.
Classification of the renal papillary abnormalities by flexible ureteroscopy: evaluation of the 2016 version and update
Authors: Almeras Christophe , Daudon Michel , Estrade Vincent , Gautier Jean Romain , Traxer Olivier , Meria Paul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
To assess the use of the 2016 proposed classification of the renal papillary abnormalities during flexible ureteroscopy that aims to standardize their description.

Patients and methods
We performed a prospective monocentric single operator collection of the data using this classification during 88 consecutive flexible ureteroscopies required for renal stones treatment. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: data of stones analysis (microscopy and infrared spectrophotometry) and of serum and urines biochemical samples have been compared with the results of the classified endoscopic descriptions.

Results
Mean duration of description was 81.4 s. We reported that 83% of the patients had Randall plaques (RP), as only 4.5% of the patients had no abnormality. Concerning the papillary stones and anchored stones were observed in 30.7% and aspect of intraductal crystallization (Sc) in 15.9%. Erosions were present in 55.7% and extrophic papillae in 8%. Sa1 and Pa2 were significantly correlated to RP, anchored stones (Sa) to papillary erosions and calcium phosphate stones to intraductal crystallization. Hypercalciuria was significantly higher in Sa2 than Sa1 stones.

Conclusions
The different descriptions in the 2016 classification were confirmed by the results of this study. Papillary abnormalities are consequences of stones development. Their descriptions could also improve the follow-up and the diagnosis of a metabolic lithogenesis. We recommend their systematic description during ureteroscopy. Some improvements are proposed to update this classification.
Adrenal function after induction therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children short: adrenal function in ALL
Authors: Loimijoki Tiia , Lapatto Risto , Taskinen Mervi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrednisolone used in the induction phase of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may suppress hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and require hydrocortisone substitution. In this retrospective analysis, we reviewed altogether 371 ACTH stimulation tests of 352 children after a uniform NOPHO (Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology) ALL induction. Both low- and standard-dose ACTH tests were used. Full recovery of adrenal function was defined by both normal basal and stimulated cortisol levels. Sixty-two percent of patients were detected with normal adrenal function in median of 15 days after tapering of prednisolone. Both low basal and stimulated cortisol levels were detected in 13% of patients. The median time to normal adrenal function was 31 days (95% CI 28–34), 24 days (95% CI 18–30), and 12 days (95% CI 10–14) for those with basal cortisol <107, 107–183, and >183 nmol/L at first ACTH testing, respectively. Patients with fluconazole prophylaxis had higher median baseline cortisol levels compared to patients without prophylaxis (207 nmol/L, range 21–839 nmol/L vs. 153 nmol/L, range 22–832 nmol/L, P = 0.003).Conclusion: These data can be used to reduce unnecessary substitution or testing, but also to guarantee hydrocortisone substitution for those at risk.

What is Known:•These data can be used to reduce unnecessary hydrocortisone substitution or ACTH testing.•Our data helps to guarantee hydrocortisone substitution for those at risk of adrenal insufficiency.

What is New:•Full recovery of adrenal function after ALL induction is detected in 62% of patients already at 15 days after tapering of prednisolone.•Both basal and stimulated cortisol testing are required for detection of full adrenal recovery.•Recovery time of adrenal function is extended over 3–4 weeks after tapering of prednisolone in patients with low basal cortisol levels (<107 nmol/L) at first testing.
Intraoperative CT and cone-beam CT imaging for minimally invasive evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Hecht Nils , Czabanka Marcus , Kendlbacher Paul , Raff Julia-Helene , Bohner Georg , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has shown promise but there remains a need for intraoperative performance assessment considering the wide range of evacuation effectiveness. In this feasibility study, we analyzed the benefit of intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging during navigated endoscopy-assisted ICH evacuation by mechanical clot fragmentation and aspiration.

Methods
18 patients with superficial or deep supratentorial ICH underwent MIS for clot evacuation followed by intraoperative computerized tomography (iCT) or cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging. Eligibility for MIS required (a) availability of intraoperative iCT or CBCT, (b) spontaneous lobar or deep ICH without vascular pathology, (c) a stable ICH volume (20–90 ml), (d) a reduced level of consciousness (GCS 5–14), and (e) a premorbid mRS ≤ 1. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic patient data were analyzed by two independent observers.

Results
Nine female and 9 male patients with a median age of 76 years (42–85) presented with an ICH score of 3 (1–4), GCS of 10 (5–14) and ICH volume of 54 ± 26 ml. Clot fragmentation and aspiration was feasible in all cases and intraoperative imaging determined an overall evacuation rate of 80 ± 19% (residual hematoma volume: 13 ± 17 ml; p < 0.0001 vs. Pre-OP). Based on the intraoperative imaging results, 1/3rd of all patients underwent an immediate re-aspiration attempt. No patient experienced hemorrhagic complications or required conversion to open craniotomy. However, routine postoperative CT imaging revealed early hematoma re-expansion with an adjusted evacuation rate of 59 ± 30% (residual hematoma volume: 26 ± 37 ml; p < 0.001 vs. Pre-OP).

Conclusions
Routine utilization of iCT or CBCT imaging in MIS for ICH permits direct surgical performance assessment and the chance for immediate re-aspiration, which may optimize targeting of an ideal residual hematoma volume and reduce secondary revision rates.
Predictors of localization, outcome, and etiology of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages: focus on cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Fakan Bernadett , Reisz Zita , Zadori Denes , Vecsei Laszlo , Klivenyi Peter , Szalardy Levente 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite its clinical relevance, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is underdiagnosed worldwide. This retrospective study aimed to assess the incidence, etiology, predictors, and outcome of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) in this region, with special focus on possible underlying CAA. Database screening of acute cares with intracranial hemorrhage diagnosis within 01/07/2014–01/07/2018 were conducted analyzing medical records and imaging. Spontaneous ICHs were classified as deep (basal ganglionic/thalamic/brainstem) and lobar/cerebellar (i.e., CAA-compatible) ICHs. Probable/definite CAA was established using the modified Boston criteria in a subgroup with ‘complete’ radiological/neuropathological work-up. The ability of several factors to discriminate between deep and lobar/cerebellar ICHs, between probable/definite CAA and non-probable CAA cases, and to predict 1-month case fatality was assessed. Of the 213 ICHs identified, 121 were in deep and 92 in lobar/cerebellar localization. Sub-analysis of 47 lobar/cerebellar ICHs with ‘complete’ work-up identified 16 probable/definite CAA patients, yielding an estimated 14.7% prevalence of CAA-related ICHs. Chronic hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for all types of ICHs (including CAA-related), with hypertensive excess and younger age being independent predictors of deep whereas antiplatelet use of lobar/cerebellar localization. The 1-month case fatality was 33.8%, driven predominantly by age and INR > 1.4. Probable/definite CAA diagnosis was independently predicted by age, prior intracranial hemorrhage, and antiplatelet use. First in this region and among the few in the literature, this study reports a remarkable prevalence of CAA-related ICHs, emphasizing the need for an increased awareness of CAA and its therapeutic implications, especially regarding antiplatelets among the elderly.
Auditory augmented process monitoring for cyber physical production systems
Authors: Iber Michael , Lechner Patrik , Jandl Christian , Mader Manuel , Reichmann Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe two proof-of-concept approaches on the sonification of estimated operation states and conditions focusing on two scenarios: a laboratory setup of a manipulated 3D printer and an industrial setup focusing on the operations of a punching machine. The results of these studies form the basis for the development of an “intelligent” noise protection headphone as part of Cyber Physical Production Systems which provides auditorily augmented information to machine operators and enables radio communication between them. Further application areas are implementations in control rooms (equipped with multi-channel loudspeaker systems) and utilization for training purposes. As a first proof-of-concept, the data stream of error probability estimations regarding partly manipulated 3D printing processes were mapped to three sonification models, providing evidence about momentary operation states. The neural network applied indicates a high accuracy (> 93%) of the error estimation distinguishing between normal and manipulated operation states. None of the manipulated states could be identified by listening. An auditory augmentation, or sonification of these error estimations, provides a considerable benefit to process monitoring. For a second proof-of-concept, setup operations of a punching machine were recorded. Since all operations were apparently flawlessly executed, and there were no errors to be reported, we focused on the identification of operation phases. Each phase of a punching process could be algorithmically distinguished at an estimated probability rate of > 94%. In the auditory display, these phases were represented by different instrumentations of a musical piece in order to allow users to differentiate between operations auditorily.