bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabic part-of-speech tagging using a combined rule-based and data-driven approach
Authors: Sabtan Yasser 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article presents a hybrid approach to part-of-speech tagging for undiacritized (or unvocalized) Arabic text which avoids the need for a large training set of manually tagged material. The approach is hybrid as it combines both rule-based and statistical (or data-driven) techniques. The key idea is that the training data are obtained by applying a rule-based tagger to a corpus of diacritized (or vocalized) text; a small subset of the output of the rule-based tagger is then hand-corrected, which is a much easier task than annotating it from scratch, and the results of this process are used as the training data for tagging undiacritized text. The advantage of this approach is that it requires very little manual effort. The only manual intervention is in the correction of the original training set. The accuracy obtained with this method is comparable to other state-of-the-art taggers for Arabic.
Citizens and States in Spinoza’sPolitical Treatise
Authors: LeBuffe Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn his Political Treatise, Spinoza repeatedly compares states to human beings. In this interpretation of the comparisons, I present a progressively more restrictive account of Spinoza’s views about the nature of human beings in the Ethics and show at each step how those views inform the account of states in the Political Treatise. Because, like human beings, states are individuals, they strive to persevere in existence. Because, like human beings, states are composed of parts that are individuals, states' parts also strive to persevere in being. Finally, because in states, as in human beings, a change to the power of striving of a part can be at the same time a change to the whole that differs in kind, strong states can be bad for their citizens and states that serve their citizens well may nevertheless be weak. Spinoza’s principal project in the Political Treatise is to design states that are stable and good for their citizens. This account of the comparisons shows why that project is so difficult: one cannot design a good state simply by designing a stable state.
Molecular line ratio diagnostics along the radial cut and dusty ultraviolet-bright clumps in a spiral galaxy NGC 0628
Authors: Topal Selçuk 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Molecular emission lines are essential tools to shed light on many questions regarding star formation in galaxies. Multiple molecular lines are particularly useful to probe different phases of star-forming molecular clouds. In this study, we investigate the physical properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) using multiple lines of CO, i.e. CO(1–0, 2–1, 3–2) and 13CO(1–0), obtained at selected 20 positions in the disc of NGC 0628. A total of 11 positions were selected over the radial cut, including the centre, and remaining 9 positions were selected across the southern and northern arms of the galaxy. A total of 13 out of 20 positions are brighter at $24\, \mu {\rm m}$ and ultraviolet (UV) emission and hosting significantly more H ii regions compared to the rest of the positions indicating opposite characteristics. Our line ratio analysis shows that the gas gets warmer and thinner as a function of radius from the galaxy centre up to 1.7 kpc, and then the ratios start to fluctuate. Our empirical and model results suggest that the UV-bright positions have colder and thinner CO gas with higher hydrogen and CO column densities. However, the UV-dim positions have relatively warmer CO gas with lower densities bathed in GMCs surrounded by less number of H ii regions. Analysis of multiwavelength infrared and UV data indicates that the UV-bright positions have higher star formation efficiency than that of the UV-dim positions.
Soluble protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) in cerebrospinal fluid is a potential diagnostic marker for glioma
Authors: Yamanoi Yu , Fujii Masazumi , Murakami Yuta , Nagai Kenichiro , Hoshi Kyoka , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Honda Takashi , Saito Kiyoshi , Kitazume Shinobu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh-grade glioma is the most pervasive and lethal of all brain malignancies. Despite advances in imaging technologies, discriminating between gliomas and other brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) often requires brain biopsy. Several reports show that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Z (PTPRZ) is highly expressed in glioblastoma, and we found that a soluble cleaved form of PTPRZ (sPTPRZ) was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to determine whether the sPTPRZ level in CSF has utility as a diagnostic marker for glioma.MethodsMicroarray datasets from normal brain tissue and brain tumors were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. PTPRZ protein expression in clinical specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Semiquantitative western blotting was used to measure sPTPRZ levels in CSF samples from patients with glioma, schwannoma, MS, or nontumor disorders.ResultsExpression of PTPRZ mRNA and protein was markedly increased in glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and schwannoma tissues compared with control brain tissue. sPTPRZ was present at significantly elevated levels in the CSF of patients with glioma (grades 1–4), but not in patients with schwannoma or MS, compared with the control samples. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that sPTPRZ in CSF could discriminate between glioma and MS patients (area under the curve 0.9676; P &lt; .0001).ConclusionssPTPRZ in CSF is a promising diagnostic biomarker for glioma and could reduce the need for a surgical biopsy.
Star formation rates in the L 1482 filament of the California molecular cloud
Authors: Omodaka Toshihiro , Nagayama Takumi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Chibueze James O , Yamabi Akifumi , Shimajiri Yoshito , Inoue Shinnosuke , Hamada Shota , Sunada Kazuyoshi , Ueno Yuji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We measured the trigonometric parallax of the H2O maser source associated with the L 1482 molecular filament hosting the most massive young star, LkHα 101, in the California molecular cloud. The measured parallax is 1.879 ± 0.096 mas, corresponding to the distance of 532 ± 28 pc. This parallax is consistent with that of the nearby star cluster LkHα 101, which was recently measured with Gaia DR2. We found that the L 1482 molecular filament and the LkHα 101 cluster are located at the same distance within 3 ± 30 pc. We observed the southern parts of L 1482 molecular clouds including the H2O maser source, which is adjacent to LkHα 101, using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope in the J = 1–0 transitions of both 12CO and 13CO. The peak intensity of the 12CO line revealed the high excitation temperature region (60–70 K) due to heating by UV radiation from LkHα 101. We derived the column density of these molecular clouds assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) from the 13CO emission. Using Dendrogam, we searched for small-scale, dense structures (cores) and identified 337 cores in the 13CO data. Gravitationally bound cores with a virial mass to LTE mass ratio ≤1.5 and young stars are concentrated in the high excitation temperature region. The column density in the warm region is five to six times larger than that of the surrounding colder molecular region. This suggests that the warm region has been compressed by a high-pressure wave and successive radiation-driven star formation is in progress in this warm region. In the cold molecular cloud to the north of the warm region, the cores are likely gravitationally unbound, which may be the reason why star formation is not active there.
Changing modes and rates of mafic magma supply at Pantelleria (Sicily Channel, Southern Italy): new perspectives on the volcano factory drawn upon olivine records
Authors: Giuffrida Marisa , Nicotra Eugenio , Viccaro Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe island of Pantelleria, located in the Sicily Channel Rift Zone (Italy), has been the site of violent peralkaline silicic magmatism alternating with minor effusive to low-intensity Strombolian eruptions of basaltic composition. The basaltic rock suites exposed on the island were sampled to investigate the plumbing system dynamics through the study of chemical stratigraphy and temporal records of olivine crystals. Our petrographic and geochemical observations, together with the compositional variability of olivine, suggest different evolutionary histories for basaltic magmas erupted over two major periods divided by the ∼45 ka Green Tuff (GT) eruption. Core-to-rim compositional traverses across olivine crystals document different types of zoning. We recognized olivine zones affected by Fo oscillations at very fine scales in the inner cores, rims and/or in intermediate portions of crystals and used them to reconstruct the residence and passage of crystals through different magmatic environments, with P–T–ƒO2 and compositional characteristics constrained by thermodynamic modeling. The sequence of magmatic environments evidenced by olivine zoning indicate that the pre-GT volcanic period was dominated by injection at shallow crustal levels (∼300–200 MPa) of primitive melts, initially moving from a deep storage zone at the crust-mantle boundary. Supply of this magma significantly decreased after the GT eruption, while the dynamics of magma transfer within the upper portion of the plumbing system were greatly enhanced. The diffusive relaxation of olivine zoning provided the timing of storage and migration of a crystal through different environments. For magmas feeding the ancient (&gt;45 ka) basaltic activity we retrieved transfer histories that are much longer (up to ∼3 years) if compared with those calculated for the post-GT basalts (1–9 months). The compositional and temporal dataset presented in this study supports the idea that the GT eruption and the subsequent collapse of the volcanic edifice could have caused major changes to the internal structural setting of Pantelleria, creating more favorable conditions for the migration of magmas in the upper portions of the plumbing system.
The Dutch foundation—an update on governance and the UBO register
Authors: van Steensel Martijn , van der Velden Rick 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Over the past few years, the Netherlands has introduced two major legislative proposals affecting the governance and transparency obligations of Dutch foundations. Both proposals are close to finally being adopted. In this contribution, recent developments with regard to the “Management and Supervision of Legal Entities Act” and the “Act Implementing UBO Registration” are described.
18Book and Media Theory
Authors: Hyun Trina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The year’s work in book/media theory witnessed a return to three fundamental questions about the ‘book’: 1. What Is a Book? 2. Who Is a Book? 3. Why Books? The first section of this chapter, ‘What Is a Book?’, presents a group of scholars who view the book as an object that continues to elude or deny the ways in which we have come to understand it. No other thinker makes this clearer than Jacques Derrida, whose high-theory approach to the ‘book’ was the focus of Juliet Fleming’s masterful Book Theory seminar at the Folger Shakespeare Library in November 2019. Taking a more literal approach to deconstructing the book, Book Parts, a multi-author volume edited by Dennis Duncan and Adam Smyth, breaks down the book into its anatomical components. The next section, ‘Who Is a Book?’, brings together scholars from various literary disciplines—John Durham Peters, Patricia Badir, and Jonathan Senchyne—who collectively demonstrate how the book is always more than just an object to read or handle; it teems with thought, life, minds, and bodies. The final section, ‘Why Books?’, explores the enduring purpose, meaning, and future of books in society. Leah Price’s public-facing work, What We Talk About When We Talk About Books, and Michaela Bronstein’s PMLA article on archiving in light of climate change, reckon with the truths about our own changing human condition that only thinking about books can lay bare.
Coronal T1 Pelvic Tilt, a Novel Predictive Index for Global Coronal Alignment in Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Zhang Jiandang , Wang Zheng , Chi Pengfei , Chi Cheng 
Published: April 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective radiographic study.

Objectives.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between global coronal alignment (GCA) and L4/L5 coronal tilt, and to verify the validity of our new index for evaluating GCA.

Summary of Background Data.
The mechanism of coronal imbalance is still unknown. The ability to level coronal tilts of L4 and L5 has been reported to impact the ability to achieve coronal balance, but the relationship between GCA and coronal tilt of L4 or L5 is unclear. On the contrary, although C7 migration is widely used for evaluating GCA, it has inherent defects as distance parameter. We focused on a novel global coronal angular parameter for evaluating the association of GCA with coronal tilt of L4 or L5.

Methods.
A total of 146 patients with adult spinal deformity were involved. The coronal measurements included C7 migration, fractional curve, L4 coronal tilt, L5 coronal tilt, major Cobb angle, and our novel global coronal parameter-coronal T1 pelvic tilt angle (CTPT, defined as the angle between a vertical line and the line connecting the middle point of S1 endplate to T1 centroid). We then determined the relationship between CTPT, C7 migration, and other coronal parameters.

Results.
C7 migration had significant correlation with L4 coronal tilt, L5 coronal tilt or fractional curve, but not with major Cobb angle. CTPT resembled C7 migration regarding its relationships with L4 coronal tilt, fractional curve, L5 coronal tilt and major Cobb angle. Regression analysis showed CTPT strongly associated with C7 migration (R
2 = 0.985), CTPT = 0.02+0.14∗ C7 migration and neither L4 coronal tilt nor L5 coronal tilt was an independent predictor of GCA.

Conclusion.
CTPT could be a practical index for evaluating GCA. Neither L4 coronal tilt nor L5 coronal tilt was an independent predictor of GCA.

Level of Evidence: 3
Improper Use of the Germicidal Range Ultraviolet Lamp for Household Disinfection Leading to Phototoxicity in COVID-19 Suspects
Authors: Leung Kai Ching Peter , Ko Tak Chuen Simon 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To report the germicidal range ultraviolet (UV) irradiation–induced phototoxicity because of unprotected exposure to the UV lamps for presumed household disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in a domestic setting.

Methods:
We report on a family of 3 adults who experienced photophobia, intense eye pain, epiphora, blurred vision, and a burning sensation over the face and neck area after a short period of unprotected exposure to the UV germicidal lamps.

Results:
An initial examination revealed erythema and tenderness over the face and neck area, reduced visual acuity of 6/12, and conjunctival injections bilaterally in all 3 patients. Further assessment at the ophthalmology department 3 days later revealed gradual improvement of visual acuity to 6/6 bilaterally. Slit-lamp examinations revealed few punctate epithelial erosions. Fundal examinations were normal without evidence of solar retinopathy. The patients were diagnosed with germicidal range UV irradiation–induced photokeratitis and epidermal phototoxicity. Lubricants and emollients were prescribed for symptom relief, and the patients were warned against using a UV germicidal lamp for disinfection purposes without appropriate protection.

Conclusions:
Although SARS-CoV-2 is structurally akin to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, and previous studies demonstrated high levels of inactivation of beta-coronavirus with germicidal-range UV, evidence for its efficacy to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 is lacking. This case report serves to emphasize the potential consequences of phototoxicity from the improper use of UV germicidal lamps for household disinfection and to highlight the fact that UV germicidal lamps currently have no established role in household disinfection of SARS-CoV-2.
Innovative trifocal (quadrifocal) presbyopia-correcting IOLs: 1-year outcomes from an international multicenter study
Authors: Kohnen Thomas , Marchini Giorgio , Alfonso Jose F. , Bala Chandra , Cochener Beatrice , Martinez Aldo , Carreño Edgardo 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate visual acuity (VA) and safety of the new AcrySof IQ PanOptix presbyopia-correcting IOL at 12 months postimplantation.

Setting:
Seventeen sites in Europe, Australia, and South America.

Design:
Prospective, single-arm, nonmasked, nonrandomized study.

Methods:
Of 167 patients enrolled, 149 received study IOLs in both eyes; 145 completed the study. Binocular uncorrected distance VA (UDVA; 4 m), monocular corrected distance VA (CDVA), binocular distance-corrected intermediate VA (DCIVA; 60 cm and 80 cm), binocular uncorrected near VA (UNVA; 40 cm), and binocular defocus curves were evaluated. Safety was assessed by monitoring adverse events (AEs).

Results:
Of 149 patients, 92 patients (62%) were women and 139 patients (93%) were white; mean ± SD age was 68.9 ± 9.3 years. At 12 months, mean binocular UDVA was 0.02 ± 0.11 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR); monocular CDVA was 0.01 ± 0.13 logMAR (first eye) and 0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR (second eye); binocular DCIVA was 0.04 ± 0.12 logMAR and 0.08 ± 0.14 logMAR at 60 cm and 80 cm, respectively; and binocular UNVA was 0.07 ± 0.11 logMAR. At 6 months, mean binocular defocus curve VA (0.00 diopter [D] to −3.00 D) ranged from −0.04 to 0.13 logMAR. Binocular VA at distance (0.00 D), intermediate (−1.50 D), and near (−2.50 D) was −0.04 ± 0.11 logMAR, 0.07 ± 0.13 logMAR, and 0.07 ± 0.13 logMAR, respectively. Serious ocular AE rates were 1.4% or less in first and second eyes. Posterior capsulotomy rates were 3.4% (first eye) and 2.7% (second eye).

Conclusions:
The study IOL provided good VA outcomes. Defocus curve showed VA of 20/25 Snellen or better from near to intermediate distance. Rates of serious and nonserious AEs were low.
Associations between obstructive sleep apnea and prescribed opioids among veterans
Authors: Chen Kevin , Yaggi Henry K. , Fiellin David A. , DeRycke Eric C. , Athar Wardah , Haskell Sally , Bastian Lori A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sleep disruption caused by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be associated with hyperalgesia and may contribute to poor pain control and use of prescription opioids. However, the relationship between OSA and opioid prescription is not well described. We examine this association using cross-sectional data from a national cohort of veterans from recent wars enrolled from October 1, 2001 to October 7, 2014. The primary outcome was the relative risk ratio (RRR) of receiving opioid prescriptions for acute (<90 days/year) and chronic (≥90 days/year) durations compared with no opioid prescriptions. The primary exposure was a diagnosis of OSA. We used multinomial logistic regression to control for factors that may affect diagnosis of OSA or receipt of opioid prescriptions. Of the 1,149,874 patients (mean age 38.0 ± 9.6 years) assessed, 88.1% had no opioid prescriptions, 9.4% had acute prescriptions, and 2.5% had chronic prescriptions. Ten percent had a diagnosis of OSA. Patients with OSA were more likely to be older, male, nonwhite, obese, current or former smokers, have higher pain intensity, and have medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Controlling for these differences, patients with OSA were more likely to receive acute (RRR 2.02 [95% confidence interval 1.98-2.06]) or chronic (RRR 2.15 [2.09-2.22]) opioids. Further dividing opioid categories by high vs low dosage did not yield substantially different results. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with a two-fold likelihood of being prescribed opioids for pain. Clinicians should consider incorporating OSA treatment into multimodal pain management strategies; OSA as a target for pain management should be further studied.
The risk of residual or recurring adenoma after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps is predictable
Authors: Alexandrino Gonçalo , Figueiredo Maria L. , Domingues Tiago D. , Lourenço Luís C. , Carvalho Rita , Martins Alexandra 
Published: April 2020

Introduction/objective
Piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection is a safe and effective procedure for the management of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps. Its major limitation is the possibility of residual or recurrent adenoma and the consequent need for scheduled surveillance colonoscopies, with the implied burden for the patient and health systems. We aimed to evaluate if the Size/Morphology/Site/Access (SMSA) and Sydney EMR Recurrence Tool (SERT) scores are effective in predicting residual/recurrent adenoma after piecemeal endoscopic resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps.

Methods
Prospective observational cohort study of piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colonic polyps performed in a tertiary center. SMSA and SERT scores were calculated in the index colonoscopy and evaluated regarding the ability to predict residual/recurrent adenoma.

Results
One hundred fifty-eight procedures were included. Lesions mean size was 31.6 ± 10.1 mm. 65.8% were flat and 61.4% were located in the right colon. Residual/recurrent adenoma was present in 17 (10.8%) cases. SMSA 2 and SERT 0 lesions had 0.0% and 5.7% of residual/recurrent adenoma rate at 6 months, respectively, while SMSA 3-4 and SERT 1-4 lesions had a 11.5% and 14.8% rate, respectively, at 6 months. SMSA grade 2 and SERT grade 0 had a negative predictive value of 100% and 94%, respectively, for residual/recurrent adenoma. SMSA score had an area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve of 0.732 (P = 0.003), while SERT score had a value of 0.730 (P = 0.002) for residual/recurrent adenoma.

Conclusion
SMSA and SERT scores are effective tools to identify lesions with a low risk of residual/recurrent adenoma.