bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Bioenergy in the Renewable Energy Technology Mix: Research Perspective
Authors: Eloka-Eboka A.C , Chetty R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Renewable energy from biomass, biofuels and biodiesel encapsulated as bioenergy has become an interested aspect of clean energy technology and is currently receiving global attention. Bioenergy produced from renewable feedstocks and sustainable wastes using several technologies is the focus of this research and development presentation. In South Africa, bioenergy in the forms of solids, liquids and gaseous fuels have been characterised as first, second and third generations (1D, 2D and 3D) systems in order to solve myriads and most critical energy aspects of the sustainable development goals of Africa. The technologies evolved have been directed to specific bioenergy feedstocks and needs for optimal utilisation and application and they include: direct combustion (for power generation), anaerobic digestion (for methane-rich gas production), fermentation (of sugars for alcohols as fuels), oil extraction and transesterification (for biodiesel as fuels), pyrolysis (for biochar, gas and oils for fuel and chemicals), gasification (for carbon monoxide and hydrogen-rich syngas as fuels and value added products) and generalised thermo-chemical conversion. The technologies are further driven by arrays of secondary treatments (stabilization, dewatering, upgrading, refining) depending on specific final products. This presentation explored these and all such research and development (R and D) strategies and technological packages of bioenergy in South Africa. These have implications in the commercialisation, entrepreneurship, informing policy and direct impact in Africa’s energy sustainability. The exploration of sugar-cane bagasse biomass for use as briquette/pellet fuels are also presented.
Examining the Roles of Human Capital Theory. What next for Construction Industry?
Authors: Aliu John , Aigbavboa Clinton 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The concept of human capital is very common in present-day construction industry with reference to its philosophy and techniques. Human capital (HC) is widely discussed in different fields; hence, its meanings differ from one field to another. This study provides a detailed discussion on the development of the human capital theory under various themes and sub-themes. The study further seeks to discuss the several effects of human capital development on industry success and competitiveness and how this contributes to economic growth in developing countries. Relevant literatures on HC theory and development were extracted from Scopus. Scopus is widely acknowledged as one of the widest interdisciplinary databases for engineering, technology, science and medicine. The Scopus database features over 20, 000+ peer-reviewed journals from over 5000 publishers. The Scopus database allows its users to perform more detailed searching opportunities compared to other databases such as Academic Search Complete, Art and Architecture Complete, Ebsco Host, SpringerLink and Web of science. The distillation of literature through thematic analysis revealed the various roles of human capital and its correlation with construction industry success and growth. Findings from this study revealed that the success of the construction industry is firmly related to the effectiveness of its human capital. The study revealed that the human capital theory is not without its criticisms and barriers. Practically, this study explores the various benefits of human capital to employers of the construction industry. The study suggests that human capital development plays a key part in retaining quality employees and recruiting prospects. Furthermore, investment in human capital goes a long way in improving employee satisfaction, organisational culture and increased productivity. This study contributes to the human capital discourse, which is the measure of economic value provided by employees with reference to their abilities, skills, values and knowledge.
Simplified approach to performance evaluation of selected organic compounds for corrosion inhibitor application in petrochemical plants
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Fajobi Muyiwa , Busari Ayobami , Ruth Oghenetejiri Aluya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCorrosion inhibitors have been researched into, studied and applied in numerous industries worldwide to mitigate the electrochemical deterioration of carbon steels in contact with aggressive medium. Effective and sustainable application of corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industry necessitates compatibility with the corrosive environment, non-toxicity and must be economical. Corrosion coupon measurement is the oldest and most widely used corrosion monitoring technique. The traditional approach to evaluate the viability of corrosion inhibitor focuses on inhibitor efficiency. Prevailing industry conditions shows this factor alone is insufficient for evaluation of organic chemical inhibitor compounds. This manuscript focuses on the importance and effect of inhibitor concentration, exposure time and Gibbs free energy in evaluating inhibitor performance and on the selection and suitability of organic chemical compounds for corrosion inhibitors.
A review on why women-owned construction firms fail in KwaZulu-Natal?
Authors: Haupt Theo C. , Ndimande Jabulile 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe South African government has instituted numerous programs to advance the role of women in the construction sector. While there has been an increase in the overall number of women-owned contractors suggesting a gender-positive environment in post-apartheid, there is a high failure rate of women-owned contractors. This study seeks to explore the primary contributory factors that lead to business failure. A sample of women-owned contractors in Durban was surveyed using an instrument developed from published literature on women in construction in South Africa.The sample of women-owned contractors was drawn from the Durban area from the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Contractors Register database. Findings suggest that lack of training provided by the industry, dominantly male networks, prejudice and stereotyping, and lack of opportunity were the primary reasons given for failure. This study identifies the failure factors that need to be addressed to increase the participation of women-owned contractors in the construction sector.The findings provide a review on guidance for remedial interventions that will positively impact the number of women-owned contractors that will survive in the construction sector.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Screw-like Fish Pelletizer
Authors: Ikubanni P.P. , Agboola O. O. , Adeleke A.A. , Ogunsemi B.T. , Ibikunle R. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Good and balanced meals are required for fish to stay healthy and the production of these meals requires some machines like pelletizer. This study therefore contributes to the improvement of existing models of this machine by designing, fabricating and evaluating the performance of a new pelletizer. After fabrication, 5 kg fish feed ingredients weight was processed for 2.5 minutes in the machine in quadruplicate. The average discharge efficiency, percentage loss due to residue ingredients and production rate for the machine are 92.25 %, 7.75 % and 110.7 kg/h, respectively. The results showed that an increase in drying days led to a corresponding increase in percentage moisture content removal with a similar reduction in the weight of the pelletized fish meal. This machine will be of great assistant to medium and small-scale aquaculture farmers, thereby reducing the need for foreign sources of fish feed in fish farming sector.
Performance Evaluation of a Centrifugal Pump with different Impeller Materials
Authors: Babalola P. O. , Omada J. E. , Kilanko O. , Banjo S.O. , Ozuor O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many factors affect the performance characteristics of a pump. One of these is the impeller material. This paper is on the effect of impeller material on the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump. The impeller materials used were cast iron, bronze and zinc. Cost, pumping efficiency, pressure head and power consumption are the factors that were taken into consideration. The results from the test, showed that the impeller made of zinc material was found to be more efficient (48.24%) and required the most power (3.38bhp). The zinc impeller was the least expensive to manufacture and pumped better head. The zinc impeller however failed at (very) high pump speed due to the fact that its strength could not match up with the pump speed. The cast iron impeller on the other hand, required the least power (0.86bhp) to run but pumped the least head (6.25m) and was more efficient (46.35%) than the bronze impeller; this was majorly due to cavitation and friction losses. The bronze impeller pump was the least efficient (38.79%), the most expensive to manufacture but pumped more head (8.50m) than the cast iron impeller and required more power (2.32bhp) than the cast iron impeller.
Effect of Ambient Temperatures on an R134a Domestic Refrigerator Retrofitted with R600a and LPG Refrigerants
Authors: Olatunji O.R , Ohunakin O.S. , Adelekan D.S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of ambient temperatures (19, 21, 23 and 25 °C) on energetic performance of an R134a domestic refrigerator retrofitted with varied mass charges (40, 50, 60 and 70g) of R600a and LPG (60/40 Propane-butane mixture) refrigerants was studied. The R134a domestic refrigerator was slightly modified with valves and integrated with appropriate pressure gauges, digital thermocouples and a watt meter to monitor the pressures, temperatures and the energy consumptions of the refrigerants within the system in the ambient conditions. Performance test investigated at steady state were pressure ratio, energy consumption, discharge and cabinet temperatures respectively. In conclusion, results showed that the retrofitted hydrocarbon refrigerants could be suitable replacements in all regards, provided adequate optimization is done.
Reality of Changing Oil Prices and its Impact to Developing Oil Producing Nations
Authors: Daramola D. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Akande I.G. , John M. , Agboola O. , Udo M.O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years the fluctuation in fuel prices coincided with the global economic depression of 2008, further studies indicate that when production of crude oil is more than the demand of the crude oil, crude cost would reduce whereas if there is little supply of crude oil and there is growing demand of crude oil the cost of crude would increase. In this review we explore the various conditions that influence the fluctuation of crude oil, the impact this conditions have to the global price of crude oil and it relation to developments of certain economies as specified. There was found to be correlation between crude oil price increase and an increase in gross domestic product (GDP) of developing oil producing nations also there was found to be a fall once there is a reduction in crude price. This is dependent on if the nation in question is crude oil based economy whereas if the economy in question is more diverse its effect on the GDP wouldn’t be as pronounced.
Solar Powered Microcontroller-based Automated Irrigation System with Moisture Sensors
Authors: Bolu C. A. , Azeta J. , Alele F. , Daranijo E. O. , Onyeubani P. , Abioye A. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In traditional irrigation approach where water is irrigated on the land without adequate control measures, crops sometimes undergo increased stress with disparities in the soil moisture which consequently reduce the crop performance and output. In this paper, we come up with a prototype to increase crop yield while considering adequate agricultural water management and labour reduction, by adequate control measures in the irrigation process. An automatic irrigation system is designed and developed by integrating several hardware and software features. The system is designed to determine when exactly the soil of crops need water and deliver a controlled amount of water to the root zone of the crops based on the soil moisture state. With the microcontroller, the data obtained from the soil at the roots of the crops will determined how much water for irrigation is needed at a point in time, and supplies it, thereby incorporating good water management practice. The system is designed to run 24/7 on renewable solar energy.
Experimental Investigation of Coarse Aggregates Used for Concrete Production in the Construction of Higher Educational Institution (HEI) Buildings
Authors: Ogunbayo B F , Aigbavboa C O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the construction industry, an aggregate is an important material used in the production of concrete. The strength of any building component, constructed using concrete will depend on the type and texture of aggregates used. It is on this base that this study analysed two different types of coarse aggregate (crushed granite and washed gravel) used in the production of concrete for higher educational institution (HEI) buildings. The following experimental procedures such as silt content, water absorption, specific gravity, sieve analysis, were conducted on the aggregates sampled to determine the property quality of the aggregates when used with other adhesive. Concrete of ratio 1:2:4 were produced using crushed granite and the washed gravel sampled and its strength was tested with the compressive strength testing machine. The 28 days average compressive test of concrete produced with crushed granite and washed gravel are 23.36 N/mm² and 20.44N/mm² respectively. The study suggests that locally sourced gravel should be washed before use to reduced silt content and impurities in the coarse aggregate. The study concludes that base on the compressive strength result of the study both crushed granite and washed gravel can be used for concrete work in construction work or project, but their selection for usage should be based on expected imposed load.
Simulation Experiments for Faults Location in Smart Distribution Networks using IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kehinde Onaolapo Adeniyi , Timothy Akindeji Kayode , Adetiba Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The security and reliability of supply is often affected due to fault occurrence in electrical power Distribution Networks (DN). In the conventional DN, faults location takes more than the expected time, which results in economic losses to power utility companies as well as consumers. However, the advent of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and recent advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has made DN better, safer and smarter. In this paper, we present the outcome of simulation experiments carried out to locate faults in a DN. The IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder was simulated in SIMULINK with different fault conditions and the fault data acquired were utilized to develop an ANN classification model. The outcome of the experiments shows that the ANN based classification model is effective in locating faults on distribution lines with satisfactory performances.
Optimizing Design Patterns for Multi-Head Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Systems
Authors: Ayodele B.E , Okesola A.A , Oyedeji A.A , Folaranmi F.T , Olowo J , Abdulhamid A.F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research examined various factors that affect successful FDM-type 3D printing. Specifically diameters of the nozzles, extrusion width, and layer thickness were varied to create several print patterns and fills. These print patterns were tested for appearance/surface finish, strength, speed and stiffness of composite materials and then the best print parameters and methodologies were recorded. The solid interior pattern fill showed the highest volume fill available, representing fewer voids and thus better strengths and more durable parts. The solid interior pattern fill also had the best surface finish for all types of fill. Also, printing with small layer thickness produced stronger prints albeit at higher build times.
Modified VG-CL Detection System for Baseline Assessment of Dimethylsulphide and Dimethylsulphoniopropionate in Tropical Atlantic Seawater
Authors: Adedapo E. A. , Benson N. U. , Williams A. B. , Toda K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Several studies have been carried out to measure the concentrations of dimethylsulphide (DMS) and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) in coastal and open marine ecosystems. The present study attempted the fabrication of a cost-effective, highly sensitive and portable detection system based on vapour generation and chemiluminescence for a pilot assessment and determination of DMS and DMSP concentrations in tropical Atlantic seawater samples. The Sultan Beach and Badagry parts of the Atlantic Ocean were chosen as designated locations for this study. Vapour generation chemiluminescence (VG-CL) detection system is a device that can measure the concentration (nM) of DMS and DMSP by allowing DMS vapour which in turn reacts with ozone to produce chemiluminescence which can be detected by a photomultiplier (PMT). The mean concentrations of DMS and DMSP in the surface seawater at the sampling location were 5.80±0.71 to 19.40±0.57 nM and 11.00±0.42 to 34.70±1.13 nM, respectively. The average minimum and maximum concentrations of DMS and DMSP across the location were between 0 and 40.91 nM, respectively. This study serves as a baseline measurement of DMS concentrations in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Lagos).
Production of Clay Filters for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Efeovbokhan V.E. , Olurotimi O.O. , Yusuf E.O. , Abatan O.G. , Alagbe E.E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Water borne diseases have continued to linger and has remained a major challenge facing most developing nations today. This has been caused mainly by lack of access to clean water. The rapid industrialization has led to the discharge of effluents loaded with pollutants into our water bodies that have greatly affected humans, aquatic life and the environment. This work looks into the possibility of improving the quality water through the elimination of (i) inherent contaminants in water using filters made from cheap locally available red clay and biomass (300 microns sawdust) materials and (ii) chemical treatment of industrial and domestic effluents which in itself is a source of environmental pollution. The sawdust-clay materials were first thoroughly dry mixed in four different weight ratios, 6/80 (sample A), 5/80 (sample B) 4/80 (sample C) and 2/80 (sample D) before water was then added gradually and mixed until the clay clumped together completely, softened and workable. It was then wedged by pressing firmly in order to remove bubbles from the inside of the clay and molded into cup--like shape. It was first sun dried then oven dried at 110 °C and then fired in a Muffle furnace at 850 °C to burnout the sawdust biomass and thus create fine pores within the clay matrix. Performance of the sawdust-clay filters for the purification of waste water obtained from two different sources, industrial and kitchen effluents, was investigated. Results obtained from the study showed that the four filters (A, B, C and D) proved to be moderately effective for the treatment of the two effluents. All the filters reduced the total dissolved solids (TDS) to 120 and 110 mg/L of the industrial and kitchen waste water respectively, to acceptable levels which is less than 500mg/L, set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Conductivity values obtained after the treatment of the water samples were lower than the 1000 µs/cm limit set by WHO. And with the exception of filter D, others greatly reduced the turbidity of water samples as values less than 5 NTU as set by WHO were obtained. The pH values or acidity reduced for the industrial waste water from 4.5 to 7.02 and for kitchen waste water from 5.1 to 7.02 which met the specification set by WHO. Some of the heavy metals detected in the water samples were effectively reduced to acceptable levels. The filtration rates were 140, 100, 50 and 20 ml/min for filters B, A, C and D respectively. The rates rapidly reduced to about 2.7, 1.7, 1.0 and 0.7 ml/min for A, B, C and D respectively after 30 minutes of filtration. This implies that the filters were effective and should thus be developed for industrial and domestic waste water treatment applications.
Design Modification of a Cassava Attrition Peeling Machine
Authors: Alli O. D , Abolarin M.S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is still an increase in the demand for engineering innovations in designing cassava peeling attrition machines which will limit drudgery which its operators are being subject to. However, one major factor that has limited all existing designs is the fact that cassava tubers have irregular geometries. Hence, the emphases of this thesis is to design based on modifications, fabricate test and performance evaluation of a cassava tuber peeling machine using standard available materials by basically inculcating two contra-rotating shafts with brushes as deflectable knife edges and an auger that is inclined at an angle thus being powered by an electric motor and gravitational energy of the earth. The components of this machine include a main frame, feeding hopper, cylindrical peeling chamber, auger conveyor, belt and pulley transmission system, chain and sprocket transmission system, waste outlet, manual handle bearings and 1hp electric motor. By operation, cassava tubers are introduced into the feeding hopper which is then collected by the auger into the extracting compartment at an angle of 10 degrees, the auger conveyor which is well fitted inside the peeling chamber then translates the cassava tubers, and then presses the cassava tubers against the brushes. Each brush acts as a knife edge and also deflects to create an opening to accommodate the variable irregular cross sections along the length of any cassava tuber. The minimum and maximum mass of cassava tubers that are loaded into the peeling chamber from the introductory sector in different time intervals are 4.5kg and 5.0kg respectively. The Throughput Capacity of the machine is 47.9kg/h. The minimum and maximum force exerted per unit length of cassava tuber by each brush is 1.02Nmm-1 and 1.85Nmm-1 respectively. The machine was evaluated at stepwise speed of 50rpm from 50rpm to 250rpm. The minimum moisture content of each cassava tuber was 45% and a maximum of 70%. The maximum peeling efficiency was obtained at the minimum speed of 50rpm and a maximum moisture content of 70%.
Maximizing The Output Power Harvest Of A Pv Panel: A Critical Review
Authors: Ogundimu E. O. , Akinlabi E. T. , Mgbemene CA 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The quick exhausting of traditional energy sources and the present consistently expanding energy request with regards to ecological issues have supported concentrated research on solar energy innovation. Apprehending most extreme energy from the sun by utilizing solar PV technology is impenetrable. A few features that influence the solar energy yield of this technology comprise the material of the photovoltaic, solar irradiances topographical area, the orientation of the panel, the angle of sun and surrounding climate. This present work reviews the ideologies and contrivances of solar PV tracking systems to decide the greatest solar panel tilt-angle, both isotopic and ant isotopic solar models and uses of numerous procedures for outlining solar panel tilt- angle by means of dissimilar optimization techniques. The work displays that sun-tracking systems are quite expensive than the opposing fixed mounted variety. This is mostly due to having motor-powered and moving portions. More also, having all these moving and mechanical parts means that there will be some amount of regular inspection, adjustments or even replacements required which leads way to another disadvantage. For greatest energy harvest, the optimum tilt angle for solar PV systems must be resolved definitely for every territory as it is basic for most extreme power generation by the system.