bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability Across Countries for Brain Death Determination in Adults
Authors: Yuan Fang , Zhang Weijun , Wen Wanxin , Li Huiping , Wu Shibiao , Wang Lixin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Currently there is variability in diagnostic procedures across countries. Our aim was to compare guidelines of brain death determination in adults among five countries: China, UK, US, France, and Germany.Method: This is a retrospective study based on a prospective database of consecutive coma patients who received brain death determination. The technical specifications, completion rates, and positive rates of brain death determination according to criteria of different countries were compared. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of each ancillary test for the identification of brain death diagnosed according to different criteria were investigated.Results: One hundred and ninety-nine patients who received brain death determination from June 2018 to June 2020 were included in this study. One hundred and thirty-one (65.8%) patients were diagnosed with brain death according to French criteria, 132 (66.3%) according to Chinese criteria, and 135 (67.7%) according to criteria of US, UK, and Germany. The sensitivity and PPV of EEG (92.2% - 92.3%) and SLSEP (95.5% - 98.5%) were higher than TCD (84.3% - 86.0%), and all these three tests have a very low specificity and NPV.Conclusions: The duration of apnea test and requirements of ancillary tests vary among countries. The discrepancy in brain death determination between clinical assessments and additional confirmation of ancillary tests is small.
Nutritional Status Related to Selenium in Patients With Ataxia-Telangiectasia - A Case Control Study: an Association With Oxidative Stress and Risk of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Andrade Itana Gomes Alves , de Souza Fabíola Isabel Suano , Fonseca Fernando Luiz , Lago Carolina Sanchez Aranda , Sarni Roseli Oselka Saccardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a multi-system disorder that may be associated with endocrine changes, oxidative stress in addition to inflammation. Studies suggest that selenium (Se) is a trace element related to protection against damage caused by oxidative stress; it is postulated that adequate consumption reduces the risk of some chronic diseases. Objective: To describe the concentrations of Se and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in patients with A-T, to relate them to markers of the lipid profile. Methods: We evaluated, through a controlled cross-sectional study, 22 A-T patients matched by sex and age with healthy individuals, conjointly evaluating: nutritional status, food intake, serum selenium, glutathione peroxidase (activity), lipid metabolism biomarkers, inflammation and lipid. Results: The median age in the A-T group was 12.2 years. A-T patients had greater impairment of lean body mass and GPx activity as well as lower abdominal circumference. A more atherogenic lipid profile was observed with higher concentrations of total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, LDLox, Apo B, Apo B / Apo A-1 and LDL / HDL ratio; while a lower value was observed in the Apo A-1 / HDL ratio. It was also in the A-T group that statistical difference was detected in the three markers of liver function AST, ALT and GGT. In regard to food intake, A-T patients had lower values ​​of carbohydrate, protein, monounsaturated fat, trans fat, and Se. Conclusion: The study showed cardiovascular risk in A-T patients. A-T patients appear to be at increased risk of reduced nutritional status, impaired liver function, dyslipidemia and inflammation.
Monitoring the Damage of Armyworm in Summer Corn by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imaging
Authors: zhang mingzheng , Wang Xinsheng , Xue Jinghao , Su Wei , Zhu Dehai , Tao Wancheng , Yao Chan , Jin Tian , Xie Zixuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Monitoring armyworm (Mythimna separata Walker) damage in crops requires timely, rapid and accurate observations to avoid severe yield losses. Results: The Random Forest (RF) classifier was more effective at automatically and accurately monitoring armyworm damage compared with Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multilayer Perceptron Classifier (MLPC) and Naive Bayes Classifier (NB) classifiers. Furthermore, the incorporation of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) image-generated digital surface model improved the performance of the RF classifier, increasing the F-score from 0.985 and 0.970 to 0.997 and 0.994, and increasing the Kappa coefficient from 0.955 to 0.990. In addition, we found that Band 3 (735 nm) of the UAV image and Band 6 (740 nm) of a coincident Sentinel-2 image were not sensitive to an armyworm infestation in this study. Conclusions: We developed an accurate algorithm for the automated identification of armyworm-damaged corn plants using UAV images at the field scale. The study also indicated the feasibility of the developed method for monitoring corn armyworm damage at regional scale when combined with Sentinel-2 images.
Preventing Glass Alteration in Museum Objects using ALD Deposited Amorphous Alumina Coatings
Authors: Hiebert Miriam E , Weaver Jamie , Lam Thomas , Little Nicole , Hyde Ethan , Vicenzi Edward P , Phaneuf Raymond J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The chemistry and kinetics of glass alteration have been topics of considerable study and debate over the past several decades. While work is still progressing in understanding the mechanisms by which glass degrades, what has not been as well studied are methods of slowing or preventing the alteration of glass surfaces and objects. This is of significant interest to the heritage science community, where the breakdown of historic glass or glass art objects is proceeding, with few viable options available to museum conservators to mitigate its effects. Experimental measurements using atomic layer deposited (ALD) aluminum oxide coatings on a model silicate glass show a significant reduction of the rate of glass alteration.
Design and Development of a Small-Scale Mechanical Energy Conversion Device
Authors: Lee Man Djun , Lee Pui San 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims to design and construct a small-scale mechanical energy conversion device. It is designed to produce electrical power by harnessing the available mechanical energy from renewable resources. This study started off with literature review for the predominant principles and laws on how the machine shall be fabricated in order to function. The process is followed by the material selection and analysis before proceeding to the final design and construction. The constructed machine is then being tested through series of experiments. It was found that the small scale device was able to produce 6V of maximum voltage with rotor rotation speed up to 3000 RPM. The outcome from the experimentation shows that the small scale device is useful for power generation from renewable sources, such as stream energy with a micro hydro turbine. For future study, the machine shall consider a few improvements, such as rebuilding it using laminated iron as rotor core and increase the number of poles to enhance the performance of the machine in term of energy conversion and extraction. The design and built of this machine would definitely contribute to the environmental sustainability and development of rural area.
Response to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Urban Settings in China
Authors: Ni Zhao , Lebowitz Eli R. , Zou Zhijie , Wang Honghong , Liu Huaping , Shrestha Roman , Zhang Qing , Hu Jianwei , Yang Shuying , Xu Lei , Wu Jianjun , Altice Frederick L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak in China was devastating, and spread throughout the country before being contained. Stringent physical distancing recommendations and shelter-in-place were first introduced in the hardest-hit provinces, and by March, these recommendations were uniform throughout the country. In the presence of an evolving and deadly pandemic, we sought to investigate the impact of this pandemic on individual well-being and prevention practices among Chinese urban residents. From March 2-11, 2020, 4,607 individuals were recruited from 11 provinces with varying numbers of COVID-19 casers using the social networking app WeChat to complete a brief, anonymous, online survey. The analytical sample was restricted to 2,551 urban residents. Standardized scales measured generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), the primary outcome. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify correlates of GAD alongside assessment of community practices in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, recommended public health practices significantly (p<0.001) increased, including wearing facial mask, practicing physical distancing, handwashing, decreased public spitting, and going outside in urban communities. Overall, 40.3% of participants met screening criteria for GAD and 49.3%, 62.6%, and 55.4% reported that their work, social life, and family life were interrupted by anxious feelings, respectively. Independent correlates of having anxiety symptoms included being a healthcare provider (aOR=1.58, p<0.01), living in regions with a higher density of COVID-19 cases (aOR=2.13, p<0.01), having completed college (aOR=1.38, p=0.03), meeting screening criteria for depression (aOR=6.03, p<0.01) and poorer perceived health status (aOR=1.54, p<0.01). COVID-19 had a profound impact on the health of urban dwellers throughout China. Not only did they markedly increase their self- and community-protective behaviors, but they also experienced high levels of anxiety associated with a heightened vulnerability like depression, having poor perceived health, and the potential of increased exposure to COVID-19 such as living closer to the epicenter of the pandemic.
Landslide hazard assessment using UAV imagery and GIS for road planning and development in Chure area: Sindhuli-Hetauda Section.
Authors: Pandey Bishnu Prasad , Kafle Kumud Raj 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chure hills are formed with the highly fragile, weak young sedimentary rocks and are environmentally sensitive. Road construction in this region is a big challenge to conserve the Chure from landslide. Occurrence of landslide hazard along the highway is the threat to the objective of timely, efficient and qualitative construction of highway. Landslide hazard map can greatly help in fixing and shifting of the alignment to reduce the loss of life and property. This study “Landslide hazard assessment using UAV imagery and GIS for road planning and development in Chure area: Sindhuli-Hetauda section” aims at creating the hazard map, landslide inventory map and designation of hazard levels in one of the sensitive areas: Chure section. With the use of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as the primary means of carrying out the topographical surveying, the study used the Digital Surface Model (DSM) and the orthomosaic map produced from the UAV survey in acquiring the relevant results for fulfilling the study objectives. The survey area being ~100Km in length along the road alignment, four of the most crucial sites on the basis of existing landslide area and impact of those landslide in road, cultivation and settlement in the study area were selected for surveying. The study concluded that use of UAV for hazard mapping has good, accuracies and high resolution data. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the survey for the individual sites were found to be 0.001m, 0.045 m, 0.044 m and 0.804 m, respectively. A detailed topographical map of the area was created, along with the hazard map, including the factors such as slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, lithology, distance to road, distance to river and soil type. Furthermore, the hazard levels for the surveyed area were also obtained: the largest area being medium 60.68%, 57.45%, 71.21% and 71.16 %, respectively, followed by high 32.59%, 18.91%, 17.03% and 11.54% respectively and low 6.73%, 23.64%, 11.76% and 17.30%, respectively in Chattiwan, Bhawanchuli, Gurji and Hakpara. It was also concluded that the forest area is at high risk followed by the bush and the settlement area in the Chattiwan, Bhawanchuli and Hakpara site and the cultivable land followed by the bush and the settlement area were found to be in high risks in the fourth site (Gurji).
Contextual differences considered in the Tunisian ADOLOPMENT of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Kahale Lara A , Ouertatani Hella , Brahem Asma Ben , Grati Hela , Hamouda Mohammed Ben , Saz-Parkinson Zuleika , Akl Elie Antoine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a common disease in Tunisia and is associated with high mortality rates. The “Instance Nationale de l’Evaluation et de l’Accréditation en Santé” (INEAS) and the Tunisian Society of Oncology decided to develop practice guidelines on the subject. While the development of de novo guidelines on breast cancer screening is a demanding process, guideline adaptation appears more appropriate and context sensitive. The objective of this paper is to describe the adaptation process of the European Guidelines on Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis to the Tunisian setting in terms of the methodological process, contextual differences between the source and adoloped guideline, and changes in the recommendations.Methods We used the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT methodology to prioritize the topic, select the source guideline, and prioritize the questions and the outcomes. Once the source guideline was selected- the European Breast Cancer Guidelines- the European Commission´s Joint Research Centre shared with the project team in Tunisia all relevant documents and files. In parallel, the project team searched for local studies on the disease prevalence, associated outcomes’ baseline risks, patients’ values and preferences, cost, cost-effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility. Then, the adoloping panel reviewed the GRADE evidence tables and the Evidence to Decision tables and discussed whether their own judgments were consistent with those from the source guideline or not. They based their judgments on the evidence on health effects, the local evidence and their own experiences.Results The most relevant contextual differences between the source and adoloped guidelines were related to the perspective, scope, prioritized questions, rating of outcome importance, baseline risks, and indirectness of the evidence. The ADOLOPMENT process resulted in keeping 5 out of 6 recommendations unmodified. One recommendation addressing “screening versus no screening with ultrasound in women with high breast density on mammography screening” was modified from ‘conditional against’ to ‘conditional for either’ due to more favorable ratings by the adoloping panel in terms of equity and feasibility.Conclusion This process illustrates both the feasibility of GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach and the importance of consideration of local evidence. It also highlights the value of collaboration with the organization that developed the source guideline.
Key Elements and Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Management Programs based on Community-Based Participatory Research: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Yang Juhyeon , Kim Eunsim , Park Bohyun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are health problems that demonstrate high death and prevalence rates, and exhibit large health inequalities across different socio-economic status. Although interest in community-based participatory research (CBPR) is increasing because of the efforts to improve health equity, not enough literature review has been conducted on CBPR-based CVD management programs. The objective of this scoping review is to identify the key elements that should be considered when developing CBPR-based CVD management programs, and explore the effects of CBPR-based CVD management programs. Methods: This study will use the databases of PubMed, Cochrane, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The criteria for selecting literature will be research that was published in or after 2000, applied CBPR, and either developed or implemented CVD management programs. No limit will be placed on the research design or method. Data extraction will be conducted independently by two researchers, and in the case of data mismatch, a consensus will be reached through discussion. The extracted data will be combined through narrative synthesis. Discussion: This scoping review will identify specific methods in the development and implementation process of CBPR-based CVD management programs, as well as the characteristics of the programs that were shown to be effective. Therefore, it will be able to provide specific guidelines to researchers, government agencies, and local organizations to design and implement participatory health promotion programs related to CVDs.Scoping review registration: This protocol has been registered to the OSF registries. 0000000204460911. “Key Elements and Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Management Programs Based on Community-based Participatory Research: Protocol for a Scoping Review.” OSF, 4 Sept. 2020. Web.
Under nutrition and associated factors among lactating mothers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Girma Bekahegn , Nigussie Jemberu , Molla Alemayehu , Mareg Moges 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
AbstractBackground: Under nutrition is a global problem and in increasing trend in recent years. The burden is high in low and middle-income countries; especially in Africa. Lactating women are among the most vulnerable groups for undernutrition; especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the prevalence of undernutrition among this group is inconsistent and inconclusive in Ethiopia, and also the national nutritional plan of 2015 is not yet achieved. Furthermore, to achieve the 2030 Sustainable developmental plan, conducting this type of summarized reviews are helpful. Therefore, we aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among lactating mothers in Ethiopia.Methods: To write this review and meta-analysis we followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. We used PubMed, Hinari, Cochrane Library, science direct databases, Google, and Google scholar for searching. STATA version 14 software and a standardized format were used for analysis and data extraction respectively. Heterogeneity was checked using I2. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of undernutrition. Begg's and Egger's tests were conducted to detect publication bias. Subgroup analysis was also conducted and association was expressed by a pooled odds ratio with 95% CI.Result: A total of 16 studies were included with a total of 7830 Ethiopian lactating women. The pooled prevalence of undernutrition among lactating mothers was found to be 23.86% (95% CI: 19.01, 28.72). The result of heterogeneity test was I2 = 96.7% and p < 0.001). The Begg's and Eger's test findings after we removed two influential primary articles were P: 0.443 and P: 0.306 respectively. Educational status (no formal education) (Pooled OR: 2.30 (95% CI: 1.34, 3.96)) was significantly associated with undernutrition.Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of undernutrition was high. Maternal educational status was significantly associated with undernutrition. Therefore, the federal ministry of health and the concerned stakeholders should give attention to these most vulnerable groups, refine their strategies to address this issue, and strengthen the implementation of the previously designed strategies.
2D Similarity Map of Multiple Coronavirus Gene Sequences
Authors: Zheng Huaxian , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in many countries in the world from late 2019 to 2020 resulted in millions of infected people, and caused serious damage to the social environments with significant changes in human power and material resources in the world. The novel coronavirus is an RNA virus. RNA mutation is common in nature. This makes it extremely difficult to develop a virus vaccine in a short period. The evolution of the virus has been in a mutation state, in which a certain sequence changes associated with time and environments in similar distributions. A larger number of genomes were collected in various open source databases for scientists in further explorations. In this paper, a 2D similarity comparison scheme on the A2 module of the MAS is proposed for extracting internal information among a genome undertaken M segment partitions to provide visual results based on probability measures and quantitative statistics. First, a genome is segmented into corresponding numerical transformations, and then four numbers of meta symbols in each segment are counted.Corresponding probability measures are calculated. Second, the probability is transformed into polar coordinates, and the polar coordinates are mapped into a MxM matrix. Then, a 1D genome can be processed into 2D measures with similarity properties in sequence. Through this correlation matrix, relevant similarity results are analyzed.
Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Mothers On The Effects Of Sunlight Exposure And Its Associated Factors Among Infants Found In Debre Tabor Town , Amahara Regional State, North Central Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Mesfin Endalkachew , Mekete Gashew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Early morning sunlight exposure for infants was a good practice to prevent rickets and alleviate the problem of vitamin D efficiency. Rickets is a major public health problem in many countries of the world. In many rich industrialized countries, the prevalence of rickets in the general population diminished after the introduction of dietary supplementation. But the most cost-effective way of getting vitamin D is simply from sunlight exposure rather than vitamin-D supplementation and advanced treatment. The main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers on the effects of sunlight exposure and its associated factors among infants found in Debre Tabor town, North central Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: community-based cross-sectional study had been conducted among 105 mothers with infants in Debre Tabor city, South Gondar Zone, Amhara, Northcentral Ethiopia, 2018 from October 30 -/2018-January 1/2019. To select study participants simple random sampling techniques was employed. Data was entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1, and exported to SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Binary and Multivariable logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare association. Results: The overall knowledge, practice and attitude of the mothers about sunlight exposure were 61.14%, 59.44%, and 61% respectively, regarding factors associated with knowledge, practice and attitude of mothers about sunlight exposure were highly influenced by good time exposure for sunlight exposure ,mother who exposed their infants to sunlight exposure sometimes were 3.2 times less for acquiring knowledge than mothers who expose their infants who warm daily [AOR: *3.2(1.02-6.4)], mothers who had an occupation of daily laborer were 3.4 times less likely to practice sunlight exposure to their infants governmental workers [AOR: *3.4(0.8 2.8)] and. mothers who do not believe about the good effect of sunlight exposure had 3.3 times negative attitude towards about sunlight exposure than who thinks well [AOR; **3.3(1.5-8.9)] were significantly associated with knowledge ,practice and attitude of mothers about sunlight exposure and the total attitude of the mother’s sunlight exposure was lower than knowledge and practice .Hence; Based on the result the concerned body and health care providers should create awareness about the effect of sunlight exposure through health education.