bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer diagnosis from mammographic images using optimized feature selection and neural network architecture
Authors: Shivhare Ekta , Saxena Vineeta (Nigam) 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the deadly diseases in women that have raised the mortality rate of women. An accurate and early detection of breast cancer using mammogram images is still a complex task. Hence, this article proposes a novel breast cancer detection model, which included five major phases: (a) preprocessing, (b) segmentation, (c) feature extraction, (d) feature selection, and (e) classification. The input mammogram image is initially preprocessed using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and median filtering. The preprocessed image is then subjected to segmentation via the region growing algorithm. Subsequently, geometric features, texture features and gradient features are extracted from the segmented image. Since the length of the feature vector is large, it is essential to select the optimal features. Here, the selection of optimal features is done by a hybrid optimization algorithm. Once the optimal features are selected, they are subjected to the classification process involving the neural network (NN) classifier. As a novelty, the weight of NN is selected optimally to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis (benign and malignant). The optimal feature selection as well as the weight optimization of NN is accomplished by merging the Lion algorithm (LA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), named as velocity updated lion algorithm (VU‐LA). Finally, a performance‐based evaluation is carried out between VU‐LA and the existing models like, whale optimization algorithm (WOA), gray wolf optimization (GWO), firefly (FF), PSO, and LA.
Characterization of adipose‐derived stromal/stem cell spheroids versus single‐cell suspension in cell survival and arrest of osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Ko Ji‐Yun , Park Jeong‐Won , Kim Juyoung , Im Gun‐Il 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current study evaluated the hypothesis that the administration of spheroidal adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) promotes cell survival and arrests the progression of surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA) in a rat model. We also tested the optimal conditions for spheroid production from ASCs using microwell methods. The formation of ASC spheroids was optimized at a well diameter of 600 μm under cell concentrations of 106cell/ml. When ASC spheroids cultured in 3D were compared with ASCs cultured in 2D monolayer, the cell survival and chondrogenic potential were enhanced while the apoptosis was reduced in ASC spheroids compared with ASCs in 2D monolayer culture. In vivo tracking of fluorescently labeled ASCs in the knee joints of rats with surgically induced OA showed longer fluorescent activity at a higher intensity in ASC spheroids than in ASC single‐cell suspension. When OA‐induced rats treated with ASC injection were sacrificed after 8 weeks, the OARSI score was enhanced in both ASC single‐cell suspension and ASC spheroids compared with negative control, spheroid treatment resulting in a better score than single‐cell treatment. However, injected cells were not detectable from the joints. These finding altogether suggests that ASC spheroids have better in vitro and in vivo survival and chondrogenic potential and exert greater regenerative effects for articular cartilage and arrest the progression of surgically induced OA better than ASCs in single‐cell suspension by the paracrine mode of action. The study findings support the notion of developing cell therapeutics to treat OA based on ASC spheroid forms.
Simultaneous linear release of folic acid and doxorubicin from ethyl cellulose/chitosan/g‐C3N4/MoS2core‐shell nanofibers and its anticancer properties
Authors: Nouri Arezo , Faraji Dizaji Babak , Kianinejad Nazanin , Jafari Rad Azadeh , Rahimi Seyedhamidreza , Irani Mohammad , Sharifian Jazi Fariborz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe folic acid (FA) and doxorubicin (DOX) have been doped into the g‐C3N4/MoS2incorporated‐chitosan/ethyl cellulose (EC) core‐shell nanofibers for targeted delivery of FA and DOX against HeLa and MCF‐7 cell lines. The g‐C3N4/MoS2nanosheets and core‐shell nanofibers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and UV–Vis tests. The drug loading factor, the degradation rate, and the DOX and FA release behavior from core‐shell nanofibers have been investigated. The pharmacokinetic results revealed the linear release with non‐Fickian diffusion of the both anticancer drugs from nanofibers during 7 days. The DAPI staining and MTT assays of the nanofibers immersed in MCF‐7 and HeLa cell lines were studied to determine the potential of DOX and FA doped‐core‐shell nanofibrous matrix for MCF‐7 and HeLa cells death in vitro. The maximum MCF‐7 and HeLa cells death percentages were found to be 89 and 85%, respectively, using EC/chitosan/g‐C3N4/MoS2/DOX/FA core‐shell nanofibers after 7 days. The high activity of g‐C3N4/MoS2/DOX/FA loaded‐core‐shell nanofibers for studied cancer cells killing was achieved.
PDGF Receptor Signaling in Osteoblast Lineage Cells Controls Bone Resorption Through Upregulation of Csf1 Expression
Authors: Brun Julia , Andreasen Christina Møller , Ejersted Charlotte , Andersen Thomas Levin , Caverzasio Joseph , Thouverey Cyril 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The physiological functions of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) α and β in osteoblast biology and bone metabolism remain to be established. Here, we show that PDGFRA and PDGFRB genes are expressed by osteoblast-lineage canopy and reversal cells in close proximity to PDGFB-expressing osteoclasts within human trabecular bone remodeling units. We also report that, although removal of only one of the two PDGFRs in Osterix-positive cells does not affect bone phenotype, suppression of both PDGFRs in those osteoblast lineage cells increases trabecular bone volume in male mice as well as in female gonad-intact and ovariectomized mice. Furthermore, osteoblast lineage-specific suppression of PDGFRs reduces Csf1 expression, bone marrow level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), number of osteoclasts, and, therefore, bone resorption, but does not change bone formation. Finally, abrogation of PDGFR signaling in osteoblasts blocks PDGF-induced ERK1/2-mediated Csf1 expression and M-CSF secretion in osteoblast cultures and calcitriol-mediated osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures. In conclusion, our results indicate that PDGFR signaling in osteoblast lineage cells controls bone resorption through ERK1/2-mediated Csf1 expression. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Adverse Effects of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density Are Greater in Females than Males
Authors: Burt Lauren A , Billington Emma O , Rose Marianne S , Kremer Richard , Hanley David A , Boyd Steven K 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Three years of high-dose vitamin D supplementation (400 IU, 4000 IU, 10,000 IU) in healthy vitamin D–sufficient individuals aged 55 to 70 years (serum 25(OH)D 30–125 nmol/L at baseline), resulted in a negative dose-response relationship for bone density and strength. This study examined whether response differed between males and females. A total of 311 participants (53% male) were randomized to 400 IU (male = 61, female = 48), 4000 IU (male = 51, female = 49), or 10,000 IU (male = 53, female = 49) daily vitamin D3. Participants were scanned with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to measure total volumetric BMD (TtBMD) at baseline, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Finite element analysis estimated bone strength. Balance, physical function, and clinical biochemistry parameters were also assessed. Constrained linear mixed effects models determined time-by-treatment group-by-sex interactions. Baseline, 3-month, and 3-year levels of 25(OH)D were 76.3, 76.7, and 77.4 nmol/L (400 IU); 81.3, 115.3, and 132.2 (4000 IU); and 78.4, 188.0, and 144.4 (10,000 IU), respectively. There were significant time-by-treatment group-by-sex interactions for TtBMD at the radius (p = .002) and tibia (p = .005). Treatment with 4000 IU or 10,000 IU compared to 400 IU resulted in TtBMD losses in females, but this was not observed with males. After 3 years, females lost 1.8% (400 IU), 3.8% (4000 IU), and 5.5% (10,000 IU), whereas males lost 0.9% (400 IU), 1.3% (4000 IU), and 1.9% (10,000 IU) at the radius. At the tibia, losses in TtBMD were smaller, but followed a similar trend. There were no significant bone strength interactions. Vitamin D supplementation with 4000 IU or 10,000 IU, compared with 400 IU daily, resulted in greater losses of TtBMD over 3 years in healthy vitamin D–sufficient females, but not males. These results are clinically relevant, because vitamin D supplementation is widely administered to postmenopausal females for osteoporosis prevention. Our findings do not support a benefit of high-dose vitamin D supplementation for bone health, and raise the possibility of harm for females. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Sclerostin Regulation, Microarchitecture, and Advanced Glycation End-Products in the Bone of Elderly Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Piccoli Alessandra , Cannata Francesca , Strollo Rocky , Pedone Claudio , Leanza Giulia , Russo Fabrizio , Greto Valentina , Isgrò Camilla , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo , Massaroni Carlo , Silvestri Sergio , Vadalà Gianluca , Bisogno Tiziana , Denaro Vincenzo , Pozzilli Paolo , Tang Simon Y , Silva Matt J , Conte Caterina , Papalia Rocco , Maccarrone Mauro , Napoli Nicola 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Increased circulating sclerostin and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are two potential mechanisms underlying low bone turnover and increased fracture risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether the expression of the sclerostin-encoding SOST gene is altered in T2D, and whether it is associated with AGEs accumulation or regulation of other bone formation-related genes is unknown. We hypothesized that AGEs accumulate and SOST gene expression is upregulated in bones from subjects with T2D, leading to downregulation of bone forming genes (RUNX2 and osteocalcin) and impaired bone microarchitecture and strength. We obtained bone tissue from femoral heads of 19 T2D postmenopausal women (mean glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 6.5%) and 73 age- and BMI-comparable nondiabetic women undergoing hip replacement surgery. Despite similar bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties, we found a significantly higher SOST (p = .006) and a parallel lower RUNX2 (p = .025) expression in T2D compared with non-diabetic subjects. Osteocalcin gene expression did not differ between T2D and non-diabetic subjects, as well as circulating osteocalcin and sclerostin levels. We found a 1.5-fold increase in total bone AGEs content in T2D compared with non-diabetic women (364.8 ± 78.2 versus 209.9 ± 34.4 μg quinine/g collagen, respectively; p &lt; .001). AGEs bone content correlated with worse bone microarchitecture, including lower volumetric BMD (r = −0.633; p = .02), BV/TV (r = −0.59; p = .033) and increased trabecular separation/spacing (r = 0.624; p = .023). In conclusion, our data show that even in patients with good glycemic control, T2D affects the expression of genes controlling bone formation (SOST and RUNX2). We also found that accumulation of AGEs is associated with impaired bone microarchitecture. We provide novel insights that may help understand the mechanisms underlying bone fragility in T2D. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Enhancing Pediatric Adverse Drug Reaction Documentation in the Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Tillman Emma M. , Suppes Sarah L. , Feldman Keith , Goldman Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) often go unreported or are inaccurately documented in the electronic medical recorded (EMR), even when they are severe and life‐threatening. Incomplete reporting can lead to future prescribing challenges and ADR reoccurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the documentation of ADRs within the EMR and determine specific factors associated with appropriate and timely ADR documentation. Retrospective data were collected from a pediatric hospital system ADR reports from October 2010 to November 2018. Data included implicated medication, type, and severity of reaction, treatment location, the presence or absence of ADR documentation in the EMR alert profile within 24 hours of the ADR hospital or clinic encounter discharge, ADR identification method, and the presence or absence of pharmacovigilance oversight at the facility where the ADR was treated. A linear regression model was applied to identify factors contributing to optimal ADR documentation. A total of 3065 ADRs requiring medical care were identified. Of these, 961 ADRs (31%) did not have appropriate documentation added to the EMR alert profile prior to discharge. ADRs were documented in the EMR 87% of the time with the presence of pharmacovigilance oversight and only 61% without prospective pharmacovigilance (P < .01). Severity of ADR was not a predictor of ADR documentation in the EMR, yet the implicated medication and location of treatment did impact reporting. An active pharmacovigilance service significantly improved pediatric ADR documentation. Further work is needed to assure timely, accurate ADR documentation.
Point of care ultrasound and ocular injuries: A case of lens dislocation and a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Pyle Matthew , Gallerani Christina , Weston Christopher , Frasure Sarah E , Pourmand Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) can help the clinician diagnose different ocular pathologies including retinal detachment, vitreous detachment, lens dislocation, and intraocular foreign bodies. Ocular pathologies such as blurry vision, double vision, loss of vision, and eye trauma are common chief complaints and require a comprehensive evaluation in order to determine the etiology and choose the correct treatment. Specifically ultrasound can help the clinician decide whether an urgent ophthalmology consult is appropriate. We present a case in which a lens dislocation was diagnosed using POCUS and review the available literature.
AnMRI‐Based Radiomic Nomogram for Discrimination Between Malignant and Benign Sinonasal Tumors
Authors: Zhang Han , Wang Hexiang , Hao Dapeng , Ge Yaqiong , Wan Guangyao , Zhang Jun , Liu Shunli , Zhang Yu , Xu Deguang 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPreoperative discrimination between malignant and benign sinonasal tumors is important for treatment plan selection.PurposeTo build and validate a radiomic nomogram for preoperative discrimination between malignant and benign sinonasal tumors.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 197 patients with histopathologically confirmed 84 benign and 113 malignant sinonasal tumors.Field Strength/SequencesFast‐spin‐echo (FSE) T1‐weighted and fat‐suppressed FSE T2‐weighted imaging on a 1.5T and 3.0T MRI.AssessmentT1and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images were selected for feature extraction. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was applied to establish a radiomic score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine independent risk factors, and the radiomic score was combined to build a radiomic nomogram. The nomogram was assessed in a training dataset (n =138/3.0T MRI) and tested in a validation dataset (n =59/1.5T MRI).Statistical TestsIndependentt‐test or Wilcoxon's test, chi‐square‐test, or Fisher's‐test, univariate analysis, LASSO, multivariate logistic regression analysis, area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer–Lemeshow test, decision curve, and the Delong test.ResultsIn the validation dataset, the radiomic nomogram could differentiate benign from malignant sinonasal tumors with an AUC of 0.91. There was no significant difference in AUC between the combined radiomic score and radiomic nomogram (P > 0.05), and the radiomic nomogram showed a relatively higher AUC than the combined radiomic score. There was a significant difference in AUC between each two of the following models (the radiomic nomogram vs. the clinical model, allP < 0.001; the combined radiomic score vs. the clinical model,P= 0.0252 and 0.0035, respectively, in the training and validation datasets). The radiomic nomogram outperformed the radiomic scores and clinical model.Data ConclusionThe radiomic nomogram combining the clinical model and radiomic score is a simple, effective, and reliable method for patient risk stratification.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Ocular findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in an outbreak hospital
Authors: Öncül Hasan , Öncül Fatma Y. , Alakus Mehmet F. , Çağlayan Mehtap , Dag Umut 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the ocular findings observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and to present the relationship between ocular involvement, systemic findings, and laboratory results.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out between 1 May and 30 June 2020. The study included 359 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and assessed by clinical evaluation, nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction, and lung computed tomography.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐seven (54.9%) of the patients were male and 162 (45.1%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 58.5 years (20‐91). Two hundred ninety‐four (81.9%) patients were treated in the inpatient clinic and 65 (18.1%) patients were treated in the intensive care unit. Various ocular diseases were observed in 16 (4.5%) of the patients. Although the rate of ocular disease was 12 out of 294 (4.1%) in patients followed up in the inpatient clinic, this rate was 4 out of 65 (6.2%) in intensive care patients. There was no systemic problem in one patient, in whom conjunctival hyperemia was the first and only reason for admission to the hospital. Four patients followed up in the inpatient clinic had conjunctivitis at the time of admission, and conjunctivitis occurred in three patients during hospitalization. Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in five patients and vitreous hemorrhage in one patient.ConclusionOcular diseases are uncommon in COVID‐19 patients but may occur during the first period of the disease or during follow‐up. Ocular diseases may be the initial or only sign of COVID‐19 infection.
Nutrition During Critical Care: An Audit on Actual Energy and Protein Intakes
Authors: Rougier Loïc , Preiser Jean‐Charles , Fadeur Marjorie , Verbrugge Anne‐Marie , Paquot Nicolas , Ledoux Didier , Misset Benoit , Rousseau Anne‐Françoise 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionOral nutrition is delivered frequently in intensive care units (ICUs) but rarely studied. The primary objective of this study was to quantify nutrition intakes in patients exclusively orally fed (OF) and in those receiving medical nutrition solutions or both.MethodsAdults who stayed in a mixed ICU for ≥3 days were studied. Nutrition deficits were calculated as the difference between estimated energy or protein targets (determined by weight‐based formulas) and actual intakes (recorded on a daily basis by nurses). Total volumes of enteral or parenteral nutrition solutions, propofol, and glucose infused over 24 hours were collected and energy and protein amounts were calculated. In OF patients, food intake at each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was estimated using the “one‐quarter portion” method.ResultsAmong the 289 included patients aged 67 (57–75.5) years, 253 were fed and received, on average, 14.3 (7.8–19) kcal/kg/d and 0.53 (0.27–0.8) g/kg/d protein. In OF patients (n = 126), intakes were 9.7 (5.8–19) kcal/kg/d and 0.35 (0.17–0.57) g/kg/d protein. In the subset of OF patients with ICU stay ≥ 7 days (n = 37), respectively, 51% and 94% never received ≥80% of their energy and protein targets.ConclusionNutrition intakes were lower by oral feeding compared with other exclusive or combined medical nutrition. Compared with the prescribed amounts, the deficit was larger for proteins than for energy.
Clinical Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Requiring Long‐Term Parenteral Support in the Present Era of Highly Effective Biologic Therapy
Authors: Kurin Michael , Anderson Alyce , Ramos Rivers Claudia , Koutroumpakis Filippos , Centa Patricia , Bender‐Heine Juliette , Kozak Gina , Kramer Elisabeth , O'Keefe Stephen J. , Whitcomb David C. , Levinthal David J. , Koutroubakis Ioannis E. , Dunn Michael A. , Hashash Jana G. , Binion David G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in the medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a subset of patients may require extensive surgery, leading to short‐bowel syndrome/intestinal failure requiring long‐term home parenteral nutrition (PN) or customized intravenous fluid (IVF) support. Our aim was to further define the characteristics of IBD patients requiring home PN/IVF.MethodsThis is an observational study from a prospective IBD research registry. Patients receiving long‐term home PN/IVF support during 2009–2015 were identified and compared with remaining IBD patients. Demographics, surgical history, smoking, narcotic use, IBD treatment, healthcare charges, and presence of biomarkers were reviewed. The IBD‐PN group was stratified into 3 groups based on median healthcare charges.ResultsOf 2359 IBD patients, there were 25 (1%, 24 with Crohn's disease) who required home PN/IVF, and 250 randomly selected IBD patients matched for disease type formed the control population. Median duration of PN use was 27 months (interquartile range, 11–66). PN use was significantly associated with smoking, narcotic use, IBD‐related operations, and lower quality‐of‐life scores. Among IBD‐PN patients, 7 of 25 (28%, 3 after use of teduglutide) were able to successfully discontinue this modality. Median healthcare charges in the IBD‐PN group were $51,456 annually. Median charges in the controls were $3427. Period prevalence mortality was 11.5% in IBD‐PN and 3.8% in controls.ConclusionsIBD patients requiring long‐term home PN/IVF support are a small minority in the present era of immunomodulator/biologic therapy. These refractory patients have a 15‐fold increase in annual median healthcare charges compared with control IBD patients.
Salt hydration and drop drying of two model calcium salts: Implications for foliar nutrient absorption and deposition
Authors: Fernández Victoria , Pimentel Carlos , Bahamonde Héctor A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Hygroscopic salts are often applied as foliar fertilizers and calcium (Ca) salts have been used as model for cuticular permeability studies, with focus on their Point of Deliquescence (POD).Aim:This study was aimed at characterizing water sorption and desorption processes at 20, 30, and 40°C temperature (T), of two model Ca salts commonly used as foliar sprays.Methods:Trials were developed with pure Ca‐chloride and Ca‐nitrate salts in addition to 2 M and 150 mM Ca solutions. Salts were analyzed by Dynamic Vapour Sorption (DVS) and climate chamber experiments.Results:For both Ca salts, water sorption and desorption processes followed hysteresis curves which varied with T. Salt POD was T‐dependent and generally decreased with increasing T. For both Ca salts, the process of efflorescence began at or below 10% RH, at a certain level of water desorption Ca‐salts becoming highly concentrated solutions (HCS).Conclusions:Owing to the low point of efflorescence (POE) of both salts, drops of Ca‐chloride and Ca‐nitrate supplied as foliar sprays will not fully dry under normal RH and T conditions in most world areas. Both Ca salts have a similarly high foliar penetration potential despite their different POD. The significance of the results for the potential absorption of foliar fertilizers and salts by the foliage is discussed under an agronomic and eco‐physiological viewpoint.