bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION TO ACCELERATE STUNTING REDUCTION: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Simbolon Demsa , Maigoda Tonny Cortis , Meriwati  , Efrida Solha , Yunita  , Widiastuti Heny 
Published: December 2024

Background: The prevalence of stunting in Kepahyang Regency in Bengkulu Province is high (24.9%). Despite the policy of Accelerating Stunting Reduction or Percepatan Penurunan Stunting (PPS) outlined in Presidential Decree Number 72 of 2021, results have been suboptimal.
Aims: This study aims to analyze and evaluate the implementation of PPS policies and identify supporting and inhibiting factors.
Methods: Research using a qualitative approach, focusing on the evaluation of achievements of 11 specific nutrition intervention indicators with policy implementation analysis using the strengthening of Edward III policy analysis. Data collection used in-depth interview guidelines with six stakeholders, focus group discussions (FGD) in two groups, and document observation. Informants are selected by purposive sampling. Data analysis uses content analysis.
Results: The implementation of PPS in Kepahyang Regency faces communication problems, limited resources, complex bureaucratic structures, and inadequate supervision, which shows the need for increased coordination and support. Village government support and good social conditions are supporting factors, while lack of communication between the village government and the community and minimal budget support are the main obstacles.
Conclusion: Communication issues, resource limitations, bureaucratic complexity, and inadequate supervision are the inhibiting factors. Strong support from local government and health workers is the supporting factor.
Keywords: implementation, policy, specific nutrition interventions, stunting
On the cryptosystems based on two Eulerian transformations defined over the commutative rings Z2s, s>1
Authors: Ustymenko Vasyl 
Published: December 2024

We suggest the family of ciphers sEn, n = 2, 3, ... with the space of plaintexts (Z2^s)^n, s > 1, such that the encryption map is the composition of kinds G = G1 A1 G2 A2, where Ai are the affine transformations from AGLn(Z2^s) preserving the variety (Z*2^s)^n. Eulerian endomorphisms Gi, i = 1, 2, of K[x1, x2, ..., xn] move xi to the monomial term M x1^d(1) x2^d(2) ... xn^d(n), M in Z2^s, and act on (Z2^s)^n as bijective transformations. The cipher is converted to a protocol-supported cryptosystem. Protocols of Noncommutative Cryptography implemented on the platform of Eulerian endomorphisms are used for the delivery of Gi and Ai from Alice to Bob. One can use twisted Diffie-Hellman protocols, which security rests on the complexity of the Conjugacy Power problem, or the hidden tame homomorphism protocol, which security rests on the word decomposition problem. Instead of delivering Gi, Alice and Bob can elaborate these transformations via the inverse twisted Diffie-Hellman protocol, implemented on the platform of tame Eulerian transformations of (Z*2^s)^n. The cost of a single protocol is O(n^3), and the cost of computing the reimage of the used nonlinear map is O(n^2). So, the verification of nt, t ≥ 1, signatures takes time O(nt + 2). Instead of the inverse twisted Diffie-Hellman protocol, correspondents can use the inverse hidden tame homomorphism protocol, which rests on the complexity of word decomposition for tame Eulerian transformations. We use natural bijections between Z2^s and Z2^(s-1), Z2^s and finite field F2^(s-1), and Z2^s and Boolean ring B(s-1) of order 2^(s-1) to modify the family of ciphers or cryptosystems via the change of AGLn(Z2^s) for AGLn(K), where K is one of the rings Z2^(s-1), F2^(s-1), or B(s-1). New ciphers are defined via the multiplication of two different commutative rings Z2^s and K. This does not allow treating them as stream ciphers of multivariate cryptography and using corresponding cryptanalytic techniques. An adversary is not able to use known cryptanalytical methods such as linearization attacks. We discuss the option of changing the elements of AGLn(Z2^s) or AGLn(K) for nonlinear multivariate transformations F of (Z2^s)^n or K^n with a symmetric trapdoor accelerator T, i.e., a piece of information such that the knowledge of T allows computing the value F(p) for an arbitrarily chosen p in P in time O(n^2) and solving the equation of the form F(x) = c for each c in C in time O(n^2).
A simplified method to a three-dimensional spherical reciprocal cloak via shell-based dielectric metamaterials
Authors: Huang Jing-Hao , Ren He-Jun , Huang Tsung-Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In the past, all the cloaks based on transformation optics or scattering cancellation posed some insufficiencies, for example, only two-dimensional concealment in experiments for the transformation-optics-based cloak and custom made and small hidden objects for scattering cancellation. Therefore, in this work, we proposed a spherical reciprocal cloak composed of shell-based dielectric metamaterials that could be realized by sophisticated ceramic manufacturing procedure. Field distributions of the integrated reciprocal cloaks without and with multiple objects suggested that although some scattering field appeared, yet, the normalized differences of the scattering cross section when hidden objects were put within the cloak was only 8.44% and 1.11% along q and f directions, and field distributions for the cloak without and with hidden objects revealed an average relative deviation of 7.2%, revealing the capability of the cloak to conceal multiple arbitrary objects. Furthermore, the design procedure of the reciprocal cloak was further simplified since the thicknesses of the shell played the major role in the performances of the cloak and were the same within the same regime according to the previous simulation results. Again, the simplified cloak demonstrated the normalized differences of the scattering cross section of 29.93% and 4.58% along q and f directions and an average relative deviation of 6.1%. We believe such design strategy could be extended to other transformation optics based optical devices such as concentrators, rotators, illusion devices, etc., and pave a route toward a practical three-dimensional concealment in the field of stealth technology.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ctDNA-Based Molecular Assessment of Resection Extent and Prognosis in Glioma
Authors: Zhang Longbo , Wu Jun , Huang Tianxiang , Wang Ying , Yu Jian , Li Shifu , Liu Chao , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Gliomas, the most common brain tumors, present significant challenges in treatment, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), due to their infiltrative nature and difficulty in achieving gross total resection (GTR). Accurate assessment of surgical resection extent is critical for patient prognosis and survival. This study investigates the utility of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a quantitative biomarker for evaluating glioma resection extent and patient prognosis. We employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to profile genomic alterations in both tumor DNA and CSF ctDNA collected pre- and post-operatively. A high concordance rate (83.50%) between CSF ctDNA and tumor tissue was found, particularly for key somatic mutations such as TERT, TP53, PTEN and IDH1. Post-operative ctDNA analysis revealed a significant reduction in mean mutant allele frequency (MAF) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Apart from non-GTR and multiple lesions, patients who exhibited a ≥ 90% reduction in mean MAF or in the MAF of driver mutations post-surgery demonstrated significantly improved overall survival (OS). These findings suggest that CSF ctDNA effectively represents the genetic profile of gliomas and serves as a sensitive measure for surgical resection efficacy and patient prognosis, highlighting its potential as a non-invasive biomarker for enhancing post-operative management in glioma patients.
Cross-cultural measurement invariance and comparison of the mobile phone dependence questionnaire (MPDQ) between adolescents from mainland China and Hong Kong
Authors: Wang Hanbin , Chin Fung , Chen Chun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Mobile phone dependence (MPD) is a serious public health concern in schools. To advance cross-cultural understanding of MPD, this study examined factor structure, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences of the mobile phone dependence questionnaire (MPDQ) across mainland Chinese and Hong Kong adolescents.
Methods
A total of 918 middle school students (588 boys and 310 girls; Mage = 13.58, SD = 1.46) were involved, comprising 367 mainland Chinese adolescents and 551 Hong Kong adolescents.
Results
The three-factor structure of the MPDQ, proposed by previous research conducted in Hong Kong adolescents, was also supported in mainland Chinese adolescents. Configural, partial metric, and partial scalar cross-cultural measurement invariance were all achieved. Hong Kong adolescents reported higher scores on all MPD factors than their mainland Chinese counterparts with large effect sizes.
Conclusions
The findings highlight the cross-cultural similarities and differences of MPD among adolescents in mainland China and Hong Kong. The MPDQ is culturally sensitive to measure MPD in both cultures, while certain items may need further cultural adaptation. Moreover, Hong Kong adolescents demonstrated more disordered thoughts and behaviors associated with MPD than mainland Chinese adolescents. Implications for using the MPDQ for assessing and understanding the MPD from diverse cultural backgrounds are discussed.
Comparing anastomotic leak rate between robotic and laparoscopic bariatric procedures: A Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation And Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) Database study
Authors: Jones Alexandria , Hall Alexander , Nandipati Kalyana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

• Compared the rate of anastomotic leak between robotic-versus-laparoscopic approach. • Compared within sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y, and duodenal switch procedures. • In sleeve gastrectomy, robotic approach associated with 31% higher adj. leak risk. • In all procedures, drain placement and previous foregut surgery predict leak risk.
Exploratory Study of a Financial Education Intervention to Promote Financial Well-Being in Low-Income Mothers
Authors: Bhattacharya Radha , Barrows Jennifer , Hayakawa Jennifer , Lobo Rachel , Lubahn Michelle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background.
Financial well-being has only recently been acknowledged as a social determinant of health. This study explored a framework for delivering financial education to low-income, primarily Hispanic mothers.
Methods.
A financial education intervention was developed for low-income mothers of infants based on formative data gathered from focus groups, cognitive interviews, and a pilot survey. Participants attended five weekly 30-minute classes taught in small groups using a virtual format. Self-reported surveys were administered at baseline and post-intervention to explore associations between financial well-being and baseline demographic and financial characteristics, examine factors that influenced financial education class attendance, and evaluate the impact of financial education on mothers’ financial outcomes and well-being.
Results.
Of the 56 participants enrolled in the study from March 2021 to February 2022, 18 attended at least one class and 15 completed the post-intervention survey. Financial confidence and behavior were positively associated with financial well-being (p = .00). Attitude toward saving predicted financial behavior (p = .00). Common barriers to attendance included lack of time and the need for childcare. Following financial education, participants reported feeling more comfortable going to a bank to inquire about a product or service (p = .0001) and greater ability to make financial decisions new to them (p = .03). While overall financial well-being did not change, the ability to handle a major expense improved (p = .004).
Discussion.
Given the limited time that new mothers can dedicate to financial education, the goals of such programs should focus on building confidence in making informed financial decisions and fostering a positive attitude toward saving.
A systematic review of the impact of long-term endurance training on negative cardiac remodelling in athletes: can we do too much exercise?
Authors: Gosden Jack Alexander George 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The benefits of undertaking regular physical exercise in lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease is recognised. However, there is concern surrounding the negative cardiac remodelling that can ensue from excessive training. The systematic review aimed to examine the point at which endurance training becomes detrimental to the left ventricle and whether risk reduction guidelines should be introduced.
Methods
From 5th to 19th February 2024, studies were identified from Scopus and MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria focused on endurance athletes and negative cardiac remodelling specific to the left side. Only studies from period 2004 to 2024, involved human participants, and included original data were considered.
Results
Of the 389 articles identified, 17 studies met the selection criteria. ROBINS-I was used to assess overall risk of bias, where determined 3 were found to have serious, 10 moderate, and 4 low bias. The studies showed that frequent endurance training could lead to significant left ventricular remodelling with high volume training regimens and high cumulative training hours being associated with greater derangement in left ventricular morphology and function. Remodelling was observed in as little as two years with notable changes in adolescents.
Conclusion
Participants in high volume training over a sustained period of as little as two years, appeared to have a greater extent of changes to the left ventricle compared to those who trained a lesser amount. This review highlights the necessity of additional research to understand fully the association between volume and total lifetime hours of endurance training and their effects on heart morphology. This understanding will be essential in developing guidelines to address the potential risks of high-volume endurance training.
Constrction and validation of a nomogram model for pulmonary infection after aneurysm embolization
Authors: Lin Xiaoyong , Deng Yifan , Luo Honghai , Xu Ke , Wei Yingcong , Li Wencai , Zeng Haiyong , Zhu Gang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Blackground and objective: In order to analyze the risk factors associated with pulmonary infection following aneurysm embolization, we developed a nomogram model and validated its predictive accuracy. Methods: Clinical data pertaining to patients who underwent aneurysm embolization procedures at Huizhou Central People’s Hospital during the period from 2019 to 2023 were retrieved utilizing the hospital's electronic medical record system.Variables including age, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SIRI), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width-to-Albumin/Globulin Ratio (RDWAGR), and creatinine (CREA) levels were calculated. The variables identified were subsequently incorporated into a logistic regression model to evaluate their associations with the incidence of pulmonary infections subsequent to aneurysm embolization surgery.A nomogram model was subsequently developed and validated, with its predictive performance assessed via the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Logistic regression analysis identified that age, PLR, SIRI, RDWAGR, d-NLR, and FIB were significantly associated with postoperative pulmonary infection (P < 0.05). Drawing upon these significant variables, the constructed nomogram model demonstrated robust discriminatory power in forecasting the risk of pulmonary infection, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.769, signifying a high level of predictive precision.The calibration plot exhibited satisfactory alignment between the model's predicted probabilities and the observed outcomes. Additionally, internal validation assessments further underscored the nomogram model's stability and reproducibility. Conclusions: The nomogram model established in this research accurately forecasts the risk of pulmonary infection in patients post-aneurysm embolization surgery, showcasing robust predictive capabilities and significant clinical utility. This tool can be a pivotal asset for clinicians in postoperative care, facilitating early identification of patients at high risk and guiding the customization of intervention strategies.
When algorithms replace biologists: A Discrete Choice Experiment for the valuation of risk-prediction tools in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Rafaï Ismaël , Davin-Casalena Berengere , Dubois Dimitri , Blayac Thierry , Ventelou Bruno 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background.
Earlier detection of neurodegenerative diseases may help patients plan for their future, achieve a better quality of life, access clinical trials and possible future disease modifying treatments. Due to recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), a significant help can come from the computational approaches targeting diagnosis and monitoring. Yet, detection tools are still underused. We aim to investigate the factors influencing individual valuation of AI-based prediction tools.
Methods.
We study individual valuation for early diagnosis tests for neurodegenerative diseases when Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis is an option. We conducted a Discrete Choice Experiment on a representative sample of the French adult public (N = 1017), where we presented participants with a hypothetical risk of developing in the future a neurodegenerative disease. We ask them to repeatedly choose between two possible early diagnosis tests that differ in terms of (1) type of test (biological tests vs AI tests analyzing electronic health records); (2) identity of whom communicates tests’ results; (3) sensitivity; (4) specificity; and (5) price. We study the weight in the decision for each attribute and how socio-demographic characteristics influence them.
Results.
Our results are twofold: respondents indeed reveal a reduced utility value when AI testing is at stake (that is evaluated to 36.08 euros in average, IC = [22.13; 50.89]) and when results are communicated by a private company (95.15 €, IC = [82.01; 109.82]).
Conclusion.
We interpret these figures as the shadow price that the public attaches to medical data privacy. The general public is still reluctant to adopt AI screening on their health data, particularly when these screening tests are carried out on large sets of personal data.
Integrating Low-Carbon Principles in Smart Product Design: An LCD-AHP-TRIZ Approach
Authors: Xu Hui Zhen , Chen Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The imperative to achieve carbon neutrality has prompted a critical reassessment of product design, emphasizing the need for low-carbon intelligent product design. This study addresses the significant gap in existing methodologies' ability to integrate low-carbon principles with the dynamic and complex nature of smart products. To bridge this gap, we introduce an innovative 'LCD-AHP-TRIZ' approach that synergizes full life-cycle design (LCD), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). The LCD phase comprehensively reviews a product's life cycle to identify the key low-carbon design indicators. The AHP method then quantitatively assesses these indicators and determines their relative importance using a hierarchical structure. TRIZ was subsequently applied to resolve design conflicts and foster innovative solutions. The study's key findings underscore the strategic prioritization of low-carbon design indicators and the development of an intelligent dehumidifier as a case study, demonstrating the practical application of the 'LCD-AHP-TRIZ' model. This research contributes significantly to the field by providing a systematic, interdisciplinary approach that enhances the environmental performance of smart products, aligning with the broader goals of sustainable development.
PDK1-dependent metabolic reprogramming regulates stemness and tumorigenicity of osteosarcoma stem cells through ATF3
Authors: Hinoi Eiichi , Tokumura Kazuya , Fukasawa Kazuya , Hiraiwa Manami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Osteosarcoma stem cells (OSCs) are characterized by their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation abilities, contributing to osteosarcoma (OS) malignancy. The Warburg effect describes cancer cells’ preference for glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production. Unlike differentiated cancer cells, cancer stem cells exhibit unique and diverse metabolic properties depending on the context. This study investigated the metabolic reliance of OSCs and related genes through in silico analyses of clinical OS specimens and in vitro and in vivo genetic and pharmacological analyses. Glycolysis and OXPHOS pathways were more active in OSCs than in non-OSCs at single-cell resolution. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), a key enzyme balancing glycolysis and OXPHOS, was upregulated in OSCs and correlated with poor prognosis in patients with OS. Genetic inhibition of PDK1 via RNA interference reduced OSC stemness, tumorigenicity, and glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of PDK1 mirrored these genetic effects. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was identified through screening as a downstream factor of PDK1-regulated OSC properties. Silencing ATF3 reduced OSC stemness, while ATF3 overexpression reversed the stemness reduction caused by PDK1 deficiency. ATF3 expression, glycolysis, and stemness were significantly induced by wild-type PDK1 overexpression but not by a kinase-dead PDK1 mutant in OSCs. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis counteracted the upregulation of ATF3 expression and increased stemness in OSCs by PDK1 overexpression. These findings indicate that PDK1 fine-tunes metabolic balance to govern OSC stemness and tumorigenicity through ATF3, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for targeting OSCs in OS.