bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food nutrient availability affects epibiont prevalence and richness in natural Daphnia populations
Authors: Reyserhove Lien , Bulteel Lore , Liu Jing , Souffreau Caroline , Brans Kristien I. , Engelen Jessie M.T. , De Meester Luc , Hendrickx Frederik , Muylaert Koenraad , Declerck Steven A. J. , Decaestecker Ellen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe increased input of nutrients into biological systems has been shown to result in altered biotic interactions through changes in food availability. The aim of this study was to test for an association between phytoplankton nutrient content and epibiont variables in natural zooplankton populations. Via a field survey, we studied how a gradient in food quantity and quality impacted host population density and epibiont variables in Daphnia pulex. We found a significant decrease in epibiont prevalence and infracommunity richness, which could mainly be attributed to a changing phytoplankton N : P ratio (caused by P‐limitation). We performed a lab experiment in which we exposed Daphnia magna to different algal nutrient ratios and the epibionts detected in the field study. P‐limitation in the algae affected D. magna performance and resulted in similar trends of food quality effects in the epibiont variables. The experiment, however, also reflected subtle differences between different epibiont species.
Cutting Glass, Sapphire, Ceramics and Other Brittle Materials
Authors: Haloui Hatim , Lee Tony , Müllers Ludger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, glass has become an increasingly sophisticated structural and functional component in uses as varied as flat panel displays, automobiles and architecture. For the manufacturer, this has created a drive to enhance the physical characteristics of the glass itself, to develop more advanced coatings, and also to improve the process for cutting glass in terms of higher precision, greater speed, reduced environmental impact, and lower cost.
Machine Learning for Process Monitoring Systems
Authors: Grünberger Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) as part of artificial intelligence will be a key technology of the future in many areas of our life, so also in laser materials processing. This data‐driven approach will use digital twins – digital equivalents of real parts covering the whole process chain. Optical process monitoring systems observe process steps in real time yielding in a digital process twin as part of the twin. ML will enable us to extract information from data, assisting experts in answering questions from “Ship the part?” to “How I can produce a part with a lot size of one at a given quality level?”
Obesity is a risk factor for exercise‐induced bronchospasm in asthmatic adolescents
Authors: Souza de Almeida Anderson H. , Rodrigues Filho Edil de Albuquerque , Lubambo Costa Eduarda , de Albuquerque Cláudio G. , Sarinho Emanuel S. C. , Medeiros Peixoto Décio , Dela Bianca Ana C. C. , Correia Júnior Marco A. V. , Rizzo José Â. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionExercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB) is common in young asthmatics and obesity is becoming an epidemic in this population. Both conditions can give rise to or worsen respiratory symptoms upon exercise and may interfere with recreational and sports activities.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between obesity and the risk and severity of EIB in asthmatic children and adolescents.MethodsThis study included data from asthmatic patients aged between 7 and 19 years undergoing treadmill running tests to evaluate EIB, defined as a reduction greater than or equal to 10% in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) compared to baseline. Eutrophic, obese, and overweight individuals were categorized according to body mass index z‐score (eutrophic, −0.5 < z ≤ 1; overweight, 1 < z < 2; and obese, z ≥ 2).ResultsOf the 156 individuals studied (42% female), 58% were eutrophic, 22% overweight, and 19% obese. Seventy‐three individuals (47%) presented with EIB, with higher risk among obese (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.00‐8.14; P = .05). Asthma severity was another independent risk factor for EIB (OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.36‐6.42; P = .006). The number of patients in whom FEV1 returned to baseline values (difference less than 10% from baseline) at the 13th minute after challenge was lower in obese individuals compared to eutrophic and overweight ones (P = .04). Baseline FEV1, gender, or age were not found to be risk factors for EIB in any of the groups.ConclusionObese youngsters with asthma present a greater risk for EIB with slower recovery than their nonobese peers. Clinicians should be aware of this association, especially in those with more severe disease, for adequate recognition and treatment.
First cases of combined full robotic partial nephrectomy and colorectal resections: Results and new perspectives
Authors: Piccoli Micaela , Pecchini Francesca , Esposito Sofia , Sighinolfi Chiara , Gozzo Davide , Trapani Vincenzo , De Carne Cosimo , Rocco Bernardo Maria Cesare 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNowadays the robotic platform is widespread in general surgery, urology, and gynecology. Combined surgery may represent an alternative to sequential procedures and it allows the treatment, at the same time, of coexisting lesions; in this perspective, full‐robotic multiorgan surgery is starting to gain interest from surgeons worldwide.MethodsBetween April and June 2019, two patients presenting with synchronous colorectal and kidney cancers underwent, respectively, full‐robotic right colectomy with right partial nephrectomy and anterior rectal resection with left partial nephrectomy. Surgeries were performed by both the general surgery and urology team.ResultsNo intraoperative complications were registered and the postoperative course was uneventful in both cases.ConclusionsCombined multiple organ surgery with full robotic technique is safe and offers oncological adequate results. A multi‐team surgical pre‐planning is mandatory to reduce invasiveness and operative time. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first reports of full robotic partial nephrectomy combined with colorectal procedures.
Automated Optical‐Tweezers Assembly of Engineered Microgranular Crystals
Authors: Chizari Samira , Lim Miles P. , Shaw Lucas A. , Austin Sydney P. , Hopkins Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, a scalable automated approach for fabricating 3D microgranular crystals consisting of desired arrangements of microspheres using holographic optical tweezers and two‐photon polymerization is introduced. The ability to position microspheres as desired within lattices of any configuration allows designers to engineer the behavior of new metamaterials that enable advanced applications (e.g., armor that mitigates or redirects shock waves, acoustic lens for underwater imaging, damage detection, and noninvasive surgery, acoustic cloaking, and photonic crystals). Currently, no self‐assembly or automated approaches exist with the flexibility necessary to place specific microspheres at specific locations within a crystal. Moreover, most pick‐and‐place approaches require the manual assembly of spheres one by one and thus do not achieve the speed and precision required to repeatably fabricate practical volumes of engineered crystals. In this paper, the rapid assembly of 4.86 µm diameter silica spheres within differently packed 3D crystal‐lattice examples of unprecedented size using fully automated optical tweezers is demonstrated. The optical tweezers independently and simultaneously assemble batches of spheres that are dispensed to the build site via an automated syringe pump where the spheres are then joined together within previously unattainable patterns by curing regions of photocurable prepolymer between each sphere using two‐photon polymerization.
Determination of aflatoxins in rice samples after magnetic solid phase extraction using MIL‐101(Cr)/magnetite nanocomposite
Authors: Sabeghi Mohammad Bagher , Ghasempour Hamid Reza , Koohi Mohammad Kazem , Karimi Nasser 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn easy and fast method named magnetic solid phase extraction was developed using a magnetite/metal–organic framework nanocomposite for extraction and quantification of four toxic aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2) in rice samples. The synthesis of nanoadsorbent was confirmed with various characterization methods. The high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence instrument was used for the subsequent analysis. Optimization of effective variables was conducted via experimental design strategy. After optimization, detection limits are obtained in the range of 0.03–0.1 ng/g and calibration plots were linear in the domain of 0.1–4.0 ng/g. Method precision was 7.3–12% (within‐day precision, n = 3 sample, 0.5 ng/g; between‐day precision, n = 3 day, 0.5 ng/g). The accuracy of the current method was confirmed by the official method based on the immunoaffinity column procedure. The statistical t‐test analysis exhibited that there is no significant difference between the two methods at 95% confidence level and hence the new method is accurate. Finally, the new method was utilized for determining and extracting of the aflatoxins in rice samples.
Biogenic nanoparticles as immunomodulator for tumor treatment
Authors: Cheng Keman , Kang Qinglin , Zhao Xiao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the past few decades, cancer immunotherapy has developed rapidly. Cancer immunotherapy, either used alone or in combination with a variety of immunotherapies (such as cancer therapeutic vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, or immune checkpoint blocking therapy), is a very attractive class of cancer therapy. However, so far, the clinical effect of most cancer immunotherapy is not satisfactory. It has been widely recognized that nanotechnology can enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. A variety of biogenic nanoparticles have been developed, which have excellent immunogenicity and modifiability, and can carry tumor therapeutic drugs to achieve combined therapy, so as to improve the effectiveness and durability of antitumor immunity while reducing adverse side effects. In this review, we summarized the key parameters and futures of three kinds of biogenic nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy; we highlighted the progress of cancer immunotherapy based on outer membrane vesicles, virus‐like particles, and exosomes.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Intervertebral disc degeneration associated with vertebral marrow fat, assessed using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ji Yayun , Hong Weifeng , Liu Mouyuan , Liang Yuying , Deng YongYan , Ma Liheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the potential clinical application of quantitative MRI in assessing the correlation between lumbar vertebrae bone marrow fat deposition and intervertebral disc degeneration.

Materials and methods
A total of 104 chronic lower-back pain volunteers underwent 3.0-T MRI with T2-weighted imaging, T2 mapping, and iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) between August 2018 and June 2019. Each disc was assessed with T2 value by T2 mapping, and the L1-S1 vertebral bone marrow fat fraction was assessed by IDEAL-IQ. The differences and relationship between T2 value and the adjacent vertebral bone marrow fat fraction values within the five Pfirrmann groups, five age groups, and five lumbar levels were statistically analyzed.

Results
The vertebral bone marrow fat fraction had a significant negative correlation with T2 values of nucleus pulposus’ T2 values (p < 0.001). However, the significant negative correlation was only found between T2 values of nucleus pulposus and adjacent vertebral bone marrow fat in Pfirrmann II–III, L1/2-L5/S1 level, and 40–49 years’ age groups. Pfirrmann grades of the intervertebral disc were positively correlated with adjacent vertebrae bone marrow fat fraction (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Lumbar bone marrow fat deposition significantly increases during the early stages of intervertebral disc degeneration. Quantitative measurements of bone marrow fat deposition and water content of intervertebral discs have a predictive value and are an important supplement to the qualitative traditional classification strategies for the early stages of intervertebral disc degeneration.
A CT-based radiomics model to detect prostate cancer lymph node metastases in PSMA radioguided surgery patients
Authors: Peeken Jan C. , Shouman Mohamed A. , Kroenke Markus , Rauscher Isabel , Maurer Tobias , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Eiber Matthias , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In recurrent prostate carcinoma, determination of the site of recurrence is crucial to guide personalized therapy. In contrast to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)–positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, computed tomography (CT) has only limited capacity to detect lymph node metastases (LNM). We sought to develop a CT-based radiomic model to predict LNM status using a PSMA radioguided surgery (RGS) cohort with histological confirmation of all suspected lymph nodes (LNs).

Methods
Eighty patients that received RGS for resection of PSMA PET/CT-positive LNMs were analyzed. Forty-seven patients (87 LNs) that received inhouse imaging were used as training cohort. Thirty-three patients (62 LNs) that received external imaging were used as testing cohort. As gold standard, histological confirmation was available for all LNs. After preprocessing, 156 radiomic features analyzing texture, shape, intensity, and local binary patterns (LBP) were extracted. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (radiomic models) and logistic regression (conventional parameters) were used for modeling.

Results
Texture and shape features were largely correlated to LN volume. A combined radiomic model achieved the best predictive performance with a testing-AUC of 0.95. LBP features showed the highest contribution to model performance. This model significantly outperformed all conventional CT parameters including LN short diameter (AUC 0.84), LN volume (AUC 0.80), and an expert rating (AUC 0.67). In lymph node–specific decision curve analysis, there was a clinical net benefit above LN short diameter.

Conclusion
The best radiomic model outperformed conventional measures for detection of LNM demonstrating an incremental value of radiomic features.
A clinical pathway for pre-operative screening of COVID-19 and its influence on clinical outcome in patients with traumatic fractures
Authors: Meng Yutong , Leng Kunpeng , Shan Lei , Guo Meng , Zhou Junlin , Tian Qingxian , Hai Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. The toughest issue traumatic orthopaedic surgeons are faced with is how to maintain a balance between adequate COVID-19 screening and timely surgery. In this study, we described our experience with pre-operative COVID-19 screening in patients with traumatic fractures. Furthermore, we analysed the clinical results of fracture patients undergoing confined or emergency surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods
This was a case series study. Patients with traumatic fractures who were admitted to our hospital for surgery were enrolled in this study during the COVID-19 outbreak from March to April 2020. All patients were enrolled and managed using the standardized clinical pathway we designed for preoperative COVID-19 screening. Clinical, laboratory and outcome data were analysed.

Results
The average surgery waiting time from injury to surgery was 8.7 ± 3.4 days. The average waiting time from admission to surgery was 5.3 ± 2.8 days. These average waiting times were increased by 4.1 days and 2.0 days, respectively, compared with 2019 data. Cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism and pneumonia occurred in one, two and one patient, respectively. Three and two patients developed pre-operative and postoperative fevers, respectively.

Conclusions
We introduced a novel clinical pathway for pre-operatively screening of COVID-19 in traumatic orthopaedic patients. The delay in surgery caused by COVID-19 screening was minimized to a point at which reasonable and acceptable clinical outcomes were achieved. Doctors should pay more attention to perioperative complications, such as cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia and fever.
Integration and Sustainability of Electronic Surgical Logbooks in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Harrington Cuan M. , Jang Sophie S. , Mangaoang Deirdre , O'Flynn Eric , Minja Christopher , Chikoya Laston , Bekele Abebe , Borgstein Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCountries in Sub‐Saharan Africa lack adequate surgical workforces to achieve safe and affordable care for their populations. The Global Surgery movement highlights the urgent need to address this situation. Interventions include not only financial, material and infrastructural support, but also collaborative information flow to support surgical training. In 2015, an electronic logbook was launched for surgical trainees across Sub‐Saharan Africa.ObjectivesTo assess the integration and context sustainability of surgical e‐logbooks in Sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsIn January 2019, a survey analysis of surgical trainees was employed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Participants (active trainees and recent fellows) completed an anonymous internet‐based questionnaire evaluating end‐user feedback, perceptions and self‐reported compliance. Multi‐point Likert Scale measures and free‐text thematic analysis were used.Results358 (68.19%) eligible individuals across 21 Sub‐Saharan countries and seven surgical specialties voluntarily participated. The e‐resource demonstrated integration into local curricula with the majority of users maintaining activity and reporting moderate‐high compliance. Context appropriateness measures were high with 203 (69.76%) deeming it convenient to use. The principle obstacle to compliance was internet connectivity (74, 25.96%), while behavioural factors including supervisor engagement were implicated. The e‐logbook demonstrated future sustainability with the majority (243, 78.14%) of participants intent on maintaining usage beyond completion of surgical training.ConclusionsWe describe the successful integration and sustainability of electronic surgical logbooks for trainees across Sub‐Saharan Africa. However context‐appropriate resources are essential for Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries. Internet connectivity may hinder the achievement of several Global Surgery objectives in Sub‐Saharan Africa.
Early detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: Forstner Rosemarie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Early detection is the only way to achieve a high cure rate in women with ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, to date, there is no effective strategy for early detection, despite rapidly emerging biomarkers. The low prevalence of ovarian cancer, low specificity and high rates of false positives have been limitations of screening programs. In the hands of experts, transvaginal sonography and MRI are effective tools to characterise ovarian masses. Currently, ongoing efforts in standardization of technique and analysis are likely to improve diagnostic capabilities in clinical routine, as well as the introduction of predictive risk models of malignancy. Radiomics and radiogenomics potentially offer a broad spectrum of complementary information in ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Key Points
• Transvaginal sonography and MRI are effective tools to characterise ovarian masses.
• Standardisation of imaging technique and implementation of predictive models of risk of malignancy contribute to early detection of ovarian cancer.
Effect of Cadmium on the Level of Isoprenoid-Derived Phytohormones in Duckweed Wolffia arrhiza
Authors: Chmur Magdalena , Bajguz Andrzej , Piotrowska-Niczyporuk Alicja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm. is an aquatic plant belonging to the Lemnaceae family. It does not have leaves, stems, and roots, flowers rarely occur, while body size can reach 1 mm of width and 1.3 mm of length. The present study demonstrates the endogenous level of isoprenoid-derived phytohormones and their changes under the influence of different cadmium (Cd) concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µM). A liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of abscisic acid, eight brassinosteroids (6-deoxocastasterone, 6-deoxotyphasterol, cathasterone, typhasterol, castasterone, 24-epicastasterone, brassinolide, and 28-homobrassinolide), seven free bases of cytokinins [trans-zeatin (tZ), cis-zeatin (cZ), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), N6-isopentenyladenine, N6-isopentenyladenosine, ortho-topolin, and meta-topolin], eight conjugates of cytokinins (tZ riboside, tZ-9-glucoside, tZ-7-glucoside, tZ-O-glucoside riboside, cZ-9-glucoside, DHZ riboside, DHZ-O-glucoside, and N6-isopentenyladenosine-7-glucoside) and gibberellic acid (GA3) in this duckweed. The level of phytohormones in plants treated with Cd has changed, e.g., the ABA level increased while GA3 decreased. Whereas the amount of BRs and CKs was different in Cd dose-dependent manner. Besides, it is worth noting that the distribution of 25 various phytohormones in the Wolffia arrhiza is reported for the first time.
Intragenus F1-hybrids of African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae: Campylomormyrus tamandua ♂ × C. compressirostris ♀) are fertile
Authors: Korniienko Yevheniia , Nguyen Linh , Baumgartner Stephanie , Vater Marianne , Tiedemann Ralph , Kirschbaum Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHybridization is widespread in fish and constitutes an important mechanism in fish speciation. There is, however, little knowledge about hybridization in mormyrids. F1-interspecies hybrids between Campylomormyrus tamandua ♂ × C. compressirostris ♀ were investigated concerning: (1) fertility; (2) survival of F2-fish and (3) new gene combinations in the F2-generation concerning the structure of the electric organ and features of the electric organ discharge. These F1-hybrids achieved sexual maturity at about 12–13.5 cm total length. A breeding group comprising six males and 13 females spawned 28 times naturally proving these F1-fish to be fertile. On average 228 eggs were spawned, the average fertilization rate was 47.8%. Eggs started to hatch 70–72 h after fertilization, average hatching rate was 95.6%. Average mortality rate during embryonic development amounted to 2.3%. Average malformation rate during the free embryonic stage was 27.7%. Exogenous feeding started on day 11. In total, we raised 353 normally developed larvae all of which died consecutively, the oldest specimen reaching an age of 5 months. During survival, the activities of the larval and adult electric organs were recorded and the structure of the adult electric organ was investigated histologically.