bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triaging ophthalmology outpatient referrals with machine learning: A pilot study
Authors: Tan Yiran , Bacchi Stephen , Casson Robert J. , Selva Dinesh , Chan WengOnn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImportanceTriaging of outpatient referrals to ophthalmology services is required for the maintenance of patient care and appropriate resource allocation. Machine learning (ML), in particular natural language processing, may be able to assist with the triaging process.BackgroundTo determine whether ML can accurately predict triage category based on ophthalmology outpatient referrals.DesignRetrospective cohort study.ParticipantsThe data of 208 participants was included in the project.MethodsThe synopses of consecutive ophthalmology outpatient referrals at a tertiary hospital were extracted along with their triage categorizations. Following pre‐processing, ML models were applied to determine how accurately they could predict the likely triage categorization allocated. Data was split into training and testing sets (75%/25% split). ML models were tested on an unseen test set, after development on the training dataset.Main Outcome MeasureArea under the receiver operator curve (AUC) for category one vs non‐category one classification.ResultsFor the main outcome measure, convolutional neural network (CNN) provided the best AUC (0.83) and accuracy on the test set (0.81), with the artificial neural network (AUC 0.81 and accuracy 0.77) being the next best performing model. When the CNN was applied to the classification task of identifying which referrals should be allocated a category one vs category two vs category three priority, a lower accuracy was achieved (0.65).Conclusions and RelevanceML may be able to accurately assist with the triaging of ophthalmology referrals. Future studies with data from multiple centres and larger sample sizes may be beneficial.
Abutment screw withdrawal after conical abutment settlement: A pilot study
Authors: Yao Kuang‐Ta , Chang Tsai‐Yu , Fang Hsu‐Wei , Huang Chang‐Hung , Wang Ding‐Han , Hsu Ming‐Lun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of abutment screw withdrawal after conical abutment settlement on the stability of the implant–abutment connection.Materials and methodsTwenty implants of a conical connection system were used. Two two‐piece abutment designs were used: cone only (n = 10; NI) and cone plus octagonal index design (n = 10; I); for each design, five samples were used with (S) and without (NS) abutment screw withdrawal before a cyclic test. Finally, four groups, namely Gr S(NI), Gr S(I), Gr NS(NI), and Gr NS(I), were included. The cyclic test included cyclic loading of 20–200 N, 30°, and 4‐mm off‐axis to implant axis at 10 Hz for 106 cycles, simulating a clinical time interval of 40 months. The fatigue cycles were recorded. The axial displacement of the conical abutments during abutment settlement, screw withdrawal, and cyclic loading were measured. Abutment morphology was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsOnly Gr NS(NI) failed the test, indicating that without the index design and abutment screw withdrawal, and connection stability seriously deteriorated. Gr NS(I) exhibited significantly higher axial displacement into the implant after abutment settlement than did Gr NS(NI). It also exhibited continuous axial displacement into the implant after cyclic loading. SEM after cyclic testing in Gr NS(I) revealed marked burnishing on lateral edges of the index, indicating that the index design provides an antitorsional ability.ConclusionAlthough this study has few limitations, abutment screw withdrawal is feasible in this conical implant–abutment connection system with index design.
A modified AUGIS Delphi process to establish research priorities in bariatric and metabolic surgery
Authors: Wilson Michael S. J. , Knight Stephen , Vaughan‐Shaw Peter , Blakemore Alex I. , O'Kane Mary , Boyle Christopher , Small Peter , Mahawar Kamal ,   on behalf of AUGIS and BOMSS
Published: October 2019

SummaryDelphi methodology may be utilized to develop consensus opinion among a group of experts. The aim of our study was to use a modified Delphi process to determine the future research priorities among bariatric and metabolic healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom. Members of the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons and the British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society were invited to submit individual research questions via an online survey (phase I). Two rounds of prioritization by multidisciplinary expert healthcare professionals (phase II and III) were completed to determine a final list of high‐priority research questions. Fifty‐one bariatric and metabolic surgery‐focused questions were identified in phase I. Thirty‐five questions were taken forward for prioritization in phase II. Eleven high‐priority questions were identified in phase III. The final list of high‐priority questions had an emphasis on the pathophysiology and long‐term sequelae of bariatric and metabolic surgery. A modified Delphi process has produced a list of 11 high‐priority research questions in bariatric and metabolic surgery. Future studies and awards from funding bodies should reflect this consensus list of prioritized questions in the interest of improving patient care and encouraging collaborative research across multiple centres.
Multiple behavioral contexts of a melanized tail display in a desert lizard
Authors: Gilbert Anthony L. , Brooks Olivia L. , Lattanzio Matthew S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConspicuous color displays in animals are often studied in the context of how they communicate an individual's reproductive value, ability to escape capture, or overall health. The study of sexual dichromatism often focuses on the evolution of male display traits balanced between detectability and mate acquisition, representing constraints stemming from both natural and sexual selection. Melanistic coloration and melanin color patterns play important roles in both intraspecific and interspecific signaling in animals; as melanin serves multiple purposes in organismal biology, the evolution of melanin‐based visual displays might not be restricted to a single behavioral or ecological context. Here, we examine the behavioral contexts of the conspicuous melanin‐based tail display in the greater earless lizard (Cophosaurus texanus), asking if this melanized tail pattern is associated with (a) female association preference of males varying in the concentration of melanin, (b) individual locomotor performance capacity, and (c) thermal ecology. We found the amount of tail melanin is linked with both locomotor performance and female association preference, with greater concentrations of melanin predicting the evolution of faster performance capacities and females preferring males with more discrete melanin bars. We found limited support that differences in melanin are linked with thermoregulation or thermal ecology. Overall, we find that multiple behavioral contexts shape the evolution of this melanized display trait. We conclude that behavioral constraints stemming from both natural and sexual selection can interact synergistically to favor the evolution and expression of a melanistic visual display, even in potentially costly ecological contexts.
Selection of gender‐incongruent applicants: No gender bias with structured interviews
Authors: Pogrebtsova Ekaterina , Luta Denisa , Hausdorf Peter A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch suggests that the use of structured interviews can reduce gender bias in hiring. However, studies have been limited to gender‐neutral professions or laboratory simulations. The current study evaluated two components of the structured interview in a field sample of 691 applicants interviewing for a male‐dominated position of public transit operator. Multilevel modeling results show no significant differences in ratings across applicant gender with this highly structured interview. This relation was found in individual interviewer ratings and consensus panel ratings, as well as irrespective of interviewer gender and interviewer participation in comprehensive versus minimal training in structured interviewing. This study provided a conservative test in a male‐dominated profession to further validate the value of the structured interview for promoting equal hiring practices.
Wide‐bandgap HfO2‐V2O5 nanowires heterostructure for visible light‐driven photocatalytic degradation
Authors: Sari Fitri Nur Indah , Lu Sang‐Hsuan , Ting Jyh‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel HfO2/V2O5 nanocomposite has been fabricated for use as photocatalyst. HfO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on V2O5 using a precipitation method. Both commercial V2O5 particles and microwave‐assisted hydrothermal (MAH)‐synthesized V2O5 nanowires (NWs) were used. We demonstrate that the HfO2/V2O5 nanocomposite exhibits better photodegradation efficiency than the V2O5. The photodegradation reaction constant of the HfO2/V2O5 nanocomposite is more than 66% higher than that of the V2O5. The wide‐bandgap, transparent HfO2 effectively reduces the electron‐hole recombination by proving defect levels to quench the recombination. A plausible band structure is proposed to support the existence of these defect levels.
Mother’s curse and indirect genetic effects: Do males matter to mitochondrial genome evolution?
Authors: Keaney Thomas A. , Wong Heidi W. S. , Dowling Damian K. , Jones Therésa M. , Holman Luke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was originally thought to prevent any response to selection on male phenotypic variation attributable to mtDNA, resulting in a male‐biased mtDNA mutation load (“mother's curse”). However, the theory underpinning this claim implicitly assumes that a male's mtDNA has no effect on the fitness of females he comes into contact with. If such “mitochondrially encoded indirect genetics effects” (mtIGEs) do in fact exist, and there is relatedness between the mitochondrial genomes of interacting males and females, male mtDNA‐encoded traits can undergo adaptation after all. We tested this possibility using strains of Drosophila melanogaster that differ in their mtDNA. Our experiments indicate that female fitness is influenced by the mtDNA carried by males that the females encounter, which could plausibly allow the mitochondrial genome to evolve via kin selection. We argue that mtIGEs are probably common, and that this might ameliorate or exacerbate mother's curse.
Hierarchical analysis of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fecundity in relation to body size and developmental traits
Authors: Hanson Nora , Ounsley James , Burton Tim , Auer Sonya , Hunt James H. , Shaw Brian , Henderson Jim , Middlemas Stuart J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing data from wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar returning to spawn in seven Scottish rivers, we developed a model of fecundity based on individual body size and key developmental traits. We used a novel approach to model selection which maximises predictive accuracy for application to target river stocks to select the best from a suite of Bayesian hierarchical models. This approach aims to ensure the optimal model within the candidate set includes covariates that best predict out‐of‐sample data to estimate fecundity in areas where no direct observations are available. In addition to body size, the final model included the developmental characteristics of age at smolting and years spent at sea. Using two independent long‐term monitoring datasets, the consequences of ignoring these characteristics was revealed by comparing predictions from the best model with models that omitted them.
Predicting the antimicrobial effect of probiotic lactic acid bacteria against Staphylococcus aureus in white cheeses, using Fourier series modeling method
Authors: Kalkan Selin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to design the time‐predicted inactivation model for various growth curves and the growth parameters representing the changes in the inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in probiotic white cheese. For this purpose, S. aureus were inoculated in the pasteurized milk and the production of probiotic white cheese was performed in five different groups, and then samples were matured for 60 days at 4°C. S. aureus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, and mesophilic starter culture levels of the samples were analyzed on the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, 15th, 30th, and 60th days of maturation. The inactivation model evaluation was performed by using the number of microorganisms counted with Fourier modeling method. In determining the model to be applied, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the sum of squared errors (SSE) for the mean number of microorganisms detected via modeling method were used. As conclusions, the number of S. aureus has decreased by approximately 5 logarithmic units at the end of the storage period by using probiotics together with the starter culture. It was determined that the Fourier modeling method is a suitable inactivation model with R2 values of 0.9847–0.9986 and SSE values of 0.094–0.510.
Self‐Reported Prescription Drug Use for Pain and for Sleep and Incident Frailty
Authors: Cil Gulcan , Park Juyoung , Bergen Andrew W. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to estimate incident frailty risks of prescription drugs for pain and for sleep in older US adults.DESIGNLongitudinal cohort.SETTINGHealth and Retirement Study.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐living respondents aged 65 years and older, excluding individuals who received recent treatment for cancer (N = 14 208). Our longitudinal analysis sample included respondents who were not frail at baseline and had at least one follow‐up wave with complete information on both prescription drug use and frailty, or date of death (N = 7201).MEASUREMENTSPrescription drug use for pain and sleep, sociodemographics, other drug and substance use, and Burden frailty model components. Multivariable drug use stratified hazard models with death as a competing risk evaluated frailty risks associated with co‐use and single use of prescription drugs for pain and for sleep.RESULTSProportions endorsing prescription drug use were 22.1% for pain only, 6.8% for sleep only, and 7.7% for both indications. Burden frailty model prevalence was 41.0% and varied significantly by drug use. Among non‐frail individuals at baseline, proportions endorsing prescription drug use were 14.9%, 5.6%, and 2.2% for the three indications. Prescription drug use was associated with increased risk of frailty (co‐use adjusted subhazard ratio [sHR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6‐2.4; pain only adjusted sHR = 1.58; CI = 1.4‐1.8; sleep‐only adjusted sHR = 1.35; CI = 1.1‐1.6; no use = reference group). Cumulative incidence of frailty over 8 years for the four groups was 60.6%, 50.9%, 45.8%, and 34.1%. Sensitivity analyses controlling for chronic diseases associated with persistent pain resulted in minor risk reductions.CONCLUSIONPrescription pain and sleep drug use is significantly associated with increased incidence of frailty. Research to estimate effects of pain and sleep indications and of drug class–specific dosage and duration on incident frailty is indicated before advocating deprescribing based on these findings. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2474–2481, 2019
The life cycle carbon balance of selective logging in tropical forests of Costa Rica
Authors: Alice‐Guier Federico E. , Mohren Frits , Zuidema Pieter A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effect of logging on atmospheric carbon concentrations remains highly contested, especially in the tropics where it is associated to forest degradation. To contribute to this discussion, we estimated the carbon balance from logging natural tropical forests in Costa Rica through a life cycle accounting approach. Our system included all major life cycle processes at a regional level during one rotation period (15 years). We used mass flow analysis to trace biogenic carbon. Data were gathered from all logging operations in the Costa Rican NW region (107 management plants), a sample of industries transforming wood into final products (20 sawmills), and national reports. We estimated a surplus of −3.06 Mg C ha−1 15 year−1 stored within the system. When accounting for uncertainty and variability in a Monte Carlo analysis, the average balance shifted to −2.19 Mg C ha−1 15 year−1 with a 95% CI of −5.26 to 1.86. This confidence interval reveals probabilities of a net increase in atmospheric carbon due to harvesting although these are smaller than those from a system that acts as a reservoir. Our results provide evidence for the carbon neutrality of bio‐materials obtained from natural forests. We found that anthropogenic reservoirs play a determinant role in delaying carbon emissions and that these may explain differences with previous carbon balance studies on tropical forest management. Therefore, the climate mitigation potential of forest‐derived products is not exclusive to forest management, but measures should be considered throughout the processes of wood transformation, use, and disposal.
Longitudinal relations between substance use abstinence motivations and substance use behaviors in adolescence: A self‐determination theory approach
Authors: Moore Joseph Paul , Hardy Sam A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe employed self‐determination theory (SDT) as a framework for examining longitudinal relations between adolescents’ motivations to abstain from substances and their subsequent substance use.MethodParticipants were 475 adolescents in the United States. The data came from annual surveys following adolescents from age 16 to 19. The measures included self‐reports of controlled and autonomous motivations to abstain from substances, as well as substance use frequency.ResultsWe used structural equation modeling to estimate autoregressive cross‐lagged models of controlled and autonomous abstinence motivations predicting substance use a year later (with 3 years of data on abstinence motivations and 4 years of data on substance use). Autonomous motivation predicted decreases in substance use, while controlled motivation predicted increases. Follow‐up analyses also revealed that relations between abstinence motivations and substance use increase in strength with greater time lags, and decreases in autonomous abstinence motivation partially mediate the link between controlled abstinence motivation and later substance use.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the usefulness of SDT in understanding motivations to abstain from substance use during adolescence. In line with this theoretical approach, autonomous motivations for abstinence were adaptive while controlled motivations for abstinence were maladaptive.
Death by Pokémon GO: The Economic and Human Cost of Using Apps While Driving
Authors: Faccio Mara , McConnell John J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate the link between smartphone usage by drivers and increases in insurance premiums by using police accident reports and exploiting the introduction of the augmented reality game Pokémon GO as a natural experiment. We document a disproportionate increase in crashes, vehicular damage, injuries, and fatalities in the vicinity of locations where users can play the game while driving. Ignoring incremental lives lost, the lower bound estimate of the cost of users playing the game while driving translates to an increase in insurance premiums of 2.47 percent.
Pharmacological properties and their medicinal uses of Cinnamomum: a review
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Kumari Reshma , Mishra Shailja 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Cinnamomum (Family Lauraceae) is traditionally used for flavouring food and in pharmaceutical preparations against various ailments. Detailed literature on the ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties of Cinnamomum is segregated and not present in well-documented form. In the present review, we have been trying to gather its detailed medicinal as well as pharmacological properties. The ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties of Cinnamomum were collected by searching several scientific databases, that is PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus.

Key findings
The plant extracts have been reported to possess astringent, warming stimulant, carminative, blood purifier, digestive, antiseptic, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and also help to reduce cholesterol and blood sugar levels. A wide range of phytochemical compounds including aldehydes, acetate, alcohol, terpinenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, phenols, saponins, tannins, carboxylic acid, hydrocarbons, camphene, spathulenol, fatty acids, actinodaphnine, butanolides, lignans, steroids, propenoids and kaempferol glycosides are found in various parts of plant.

Summary
This review provides detailed information about history, traditional uses, phytochemistry and clinical impacts of cinnamon as a spice and medicine. So we recommend further study on the clinical, medicinal, purification and identification of the most effective antibacterial activity of cinnamon to cure various infectious diseases.
Family‐centred end‐of‐life care and bereavement services in Swedish intensive care units: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fridh Isabell , Åkerman Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPost‐intensive care syndrome‐family is a common problem in relatives of patients who die in an intensive care unit. Family‐centred end‐of‐life care with support for the family during and after the death is supposed to prevent suffering and avoid illness.Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to investigate family‐centred end‐of‐life care and bereavement follow‐up services offered to family members of patients who die in Swedish intensive care units.Design, MethodsA cross‐sectional study using a 16‐question survey based on family‐centred end‐of‐life care was sent to all 81 adult intensive care units. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and chi‐square. Respondents were able to add individual comments to the questionnaire.ResultsAlthough the majority (76.7%) offered some kind of follow up, this service was not always offered. Modes for invitation, timing, and contents in the follow up varied between the units. The staff tried to individualize the follow‐up service according to the family's needs. Nurses and social workers were the only professionals who provided follow‐up conversations on their own.Most of the intensive care units (97.3%) kept diaries that were handed over to the family when they left the unit after the patient's death or at a follow‐up visit. Only 8.8% reported that they always offer the family the opportunity to be present during resuscitation. Most respondents reported that patients (60.6%) died in a private room.ConclusionsFamily‐centred end‐of‐life care varied among the intensive care units, and some families were not offered any follow up at all. Timing, invitation, and elements in the follow up differ between the units. Diaries were commonly kept and usually given to the family. Few units offered the family to be present during resuscitation.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for national guidelines to ensure that all bereaved families receive equal and individual family‐centred end‐of‐life care.