bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periarticular Analgesic Injection Containing A Corticosteroid Reduces D-Dimer Levels After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Hashimoto Akira , Sonohata Motoki , Hirata Hirohito , Kawano Shunsuke , Eto Shuichi , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Of late, periarticular analgesic injection (PAI) has become a common alternative treatment for pain following total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, the systemic effects of PAI containing corticosteroids in patients subjected to THA have not been investigated. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy and systemic effects of PAI containing a corticosteroid in patients subjected to THA. Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled patients undergoing unilateral, primary THA. A total of 197 patients (200 hips) were included in the final analyses, with 87 hips in the PAI group and 113 hips in the control group. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and laboratory data were assessed preoperatively and on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 7. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were obtained to assess the correlations between the D-dimer level on POD 7 and each outcome measure on POD 1. Results: The postoperative white blood cell count (WBC) was significantly higher in the PAI group than in the control group. Postoperative NRS, creatine phosphokinase (CK), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly lower in the PAI group. D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the PAI group on POD 7. Postoperative aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were within reference ranges. D-dimer levels on POD 7 showed a significant negative correlation with WBC on POD 1 (r=-0.4652) and a significant positive correlation with the NRS score and AST, CK, CRP, and D-dimer levels on POD 1 (r=0.1558, 0.2353, 0.2718, 0.3545, and 0.3359, respectively).Conclusions: PAI containing a corticosteroid may be an effective treatment for pain and inflammation after THA, and it does not seem to cause drug-induced liver or kidney injury. Moreover, corticosteroid PAI can reduce D-dimer levels, which are associated with deep venous thrombosis. Early ambulation may prevent the elevation of postoperative D-dimer levels, and PAI containing a corticosteroid may accelerate early ambulation and reduce the risk of deep venous thrombosis.
Cellular Analysis of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid to Narrow Differential Diagnosis of Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis in Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: strippoli Sabino , Fucci Livia , Negri Antonio , Putignano Danila , Cisternino Marco Luigi , Napoli Gaetano , Filannino Ruggero , De Risi Ivana , Sciacovelli Angela Monica , Guida Michele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of check-point inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) relies on radiological and clinical patterns which are not specific and can mimic other conditions (cancer progression, infectious diseases or interstitial pneumonitis). Cell pattern analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is well-known to support the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease; nevertheless, this analysis is somewhat performed and not required by immune-toxicity management guidelines for CIP. Methods: We performed BAL analysis in 5 metastatic melanoma (MM) patients who developed CIP among 112 patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. We also correlated the BAL features with the computed tomography (CT) scan patterns and with various peripheral blood parameters to better define the profile of this patient population. Results: BAL flow cytometer and cytopathology analyses showed typical and homogeneous features with increased lymphoid population, prevalent CD8+ T cells and inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio . Moreover, the extent of activated CD3+HLA-DR+ T cells was related to the grading of adverse events. Blood leucocytosis, hypoxemia, normal values for procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase were also found together with a cryptogenic organizing pneumonia-like radiologic pattern. In all our patients, CIP was associated with partial or complete response. Conclusions: Identification of a specific BAL cellular pattern allows clinicians to place this investigation in the appropriate position of CIP diagnosis and management to avoid misdiagnosis or considering this condition as progressive disease and delaying proper treatment.
Barriers on PV trade will impede global carbon mitigation and local pollutant emissions reduction
Authors: Wang Mudan , Mao Xianqiang , Xing Youkai , Lu Jianhong , Song Peng , Liu Zhengyan , Zusman Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The global trade of solar photovoltaic (PV) products substantially contributes to the increases in solar power generation and carbon emission reduction. This paper depicts the global PV product trade patterns and explores the emissions reduction potential, evaluates the impeding effect of tariff barriers on global PV product trade and the emissions reduction. In 2014 and 2017, the application of traded solar cells and modules resulted in emissions reductions of up to 840.71 and 1,734.59 Mt CO2e as well as substantial reductions in local pollutants. From 2017 to 2050, traded solar cells and modules will result in an approximately 55.76-86.45 Gt CO2e reduction. Extra-tariff imposition in its worst situation will result in global PV applications decreasing by 7.06% and carbon emissions mitigation potential decreasing by 5.09-7.89 Gt CO2e by 2050. Well-coordinated policy and institutional reforms are recommended to facilitate PV product trade and deliver related global and local environmental benefits.
North American boreal forests are a large carbon source due to wildfires from 1986 to 2016
Authors: Zhao Bailu , Zhuang Qianlai , Shurpali Narasinha , Köster Kajar , Berninger Frank , Pumpanen Jukka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Wildfires are a major disturbance to forest carbon (C) balance through both immediate combustion emissions and post-fire ecosystem dynamics. Here we use a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), to simulate C budget in Alaska and Canada during 1986-2016, as impacted by fire disturbances. We extracted the data of difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) for fires from Landsat TM/ETM imagery and estimated the proportion of vegetation and soil C combustion. We observed that the region is a C source of 2.74 Pg C during the 31-year period. The observed C loss, 57.1 Tg C yr-1, was attributed to fire emissions, overwhelming the net ecosystem production (1.9 Tg C yr-1) in the region. Our simulated during-fire emissions for Alaska and Canada are within the range of field measurements and other model estimates. As burn severity increases, combustion emission tended to switch from vegetation origin towards soil origin. Burn severity regulates post-fire C dynamics. Low severity fires increase soil temperature and decrease soil moisture and thus, enhance soil respiration. However, the opposite trend was found under moderate or high burn severity. The proportion of post-fire soil emission in total emissions increased with burn severity. Net nitrogen mineralization gradually recovered after fire, enhancing net primary production. Net ecosystem production recovered fast under higher burn severities. The impact of fire disturbance on the C balance of northern ecosystems and the associated uncertainties can be better characterized with long-term, prior, during- and post-disturbance data across the geospatial spectrum. Our findings suggest that the regional source of carbon to the atmosphere will persist if the observed forest wildfire occurrence and severity continues into the future.
IFN-λ4 Genetic Variants Influence Clinical Malaria Episodes in A Cohort of Kenyan Children
Authors: Reyes Gabriela Samayoa , Jackson Conner , Ogolla Sidney , Sabourin Katherine , Obajemu Adeola , Dent Arlene E. , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmilla , Rochford Rosemary 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Interferon (IFN)- λ4, a type III IFN, production is controlled by a dinucleotide frameshift variant (rs368234815-dG/TT) within the first exon of the IFNL4 gene. Carriers of the IFNL4-dG allele but not the IFNL4-TT allele are able to produce the IFN-λ4 protein. Patients with hepatitis C virus that do not produce the IFN-λ4 protein have higher rates of viral clearance suggesting a potential inhibitory role of IFN-λ4 in liver-tropic infections.Methods: In this study, we investigated whether children infected with Plasmodium falciparum, which has a well-characterized liver stage infection, would be more susceptible to clinical malaria relative to their IFNL4- rs368234815 allele. We analyzed a cohort of 122 children from a malaria holoendemic region of Kenya. Episodes of clinical malaria and upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) were determined using information collected from birth to two years of age. The dinucleotide frameshift variant IFNL4-rs368234815-dG/TT was genotyped using a TaqMan assay.Results: In this cohort, we found that 33% had the dG/dG genotype, 45 % had the dG/TT genotype, and 22% had TT/TT genotype. We evaluated the number and time to first episode of clinical malaria and URTIs with respect to the IFNL4-rs368234815 allele. We found that children that carried the IFNL4-rs368234815-dG allele had an increased number of clinical malaria episodes. In addition, there was a significant association between earlier age of first malaria infection with carriers of the IFNL4-dG allele (p-value: 0.021).Conclusion: Our results suggest that the ability to produce IFN-λ4 negatively affects host immune protection against P. falciparum malaria in Kenyan children.Classification: Immunology, Microbiology, Genetics
Survival of Eight LLIN&nbsp;Brands 6, 12, 24 and 36 Months After a Mass Distribution Campaign in Rural and Urban Settings in Senegal
Authors: DIOUF Mbaye , FAYE Babacar Thiendella , DIOUF El hadji , DIA Abdoulaye Kane , KONATE Abdoulaye , FALL Fatou Ba , SENE Doudou , RAMIREZ Katherine Sturm , DIOUF Mame Birame , GADIAGA Libasse , KONATE Lassana , FAYE Ousmane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are one of the core components of global malaria prevention and control. The lifespan of LLIN varies widely depending on the population or environment, and randomized studies are required to compare LLIN in households under different field condition. This study investigated survival of different LLIN brands in Senegal.Methods: 12,608 LLINs were distributed in 5 regions each stratified by rural and urban setting. As part of the longitudinal follow-up, 2222 nets were randomly sampled and monitored from 6 to 36 months. Using random effects for households, Bayesian model were allowed to estimate independent survival by net type and by area (rural/urban). The complement of survival, attrition and median survival time of each LLIN brand, was determined as those nets that were missing because they were reported given away, destroyed and thrown, or repurposed.Results: Three net types had a proportion of survival above 80% after 24 months: Interceptor®87.8% (95% CI 80-93.4); conical PermaNet® 2.0 86.9% (95% CI 79.3-92.4) and Life Net® 85.6% (95% CI 75-93). At 36 months, conical PermaNet® 2.0 maintained a good survival rate, 79.5% (95% CI 65.9-88.8). The attrition due to redistributed nets showed that the two conical net types (PermaNet® 2.0 and Interceptor®) were more often retained by households and their median retention time was well above three years (median survival time =3.5 years for PermaNet® 2.0 and median survival time =4 years for Interceptor®). Despite this good retention, Interceptor® had a weak physical integrity and its median survival due to wear and tear was below three years (median survival time = 2.4 years). The odds ratio of survival was 2.5 times higher in rural settings than in urban settings (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.7-3.7). Conclusions: Differences in survival among LLIN may be driven by brand, shape or environmental setting. It appears that in Senegal, conical nets may be retained longer. This study suggests that a distribution of preferred LLIN brand, accompanied by good communication on care and repair, could lead to increased effective lifespan, and allow for longer intervals between universal coverage campaigns.
Multidrug-resistant and Extensively Drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Prevalence, Treatments, and Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alkofide Hadeel , Alhammad Abdullah , Alruwaili Alya , Aldemerdash Ahmed , Almangour Thamer , Alsuwayegh Aseel , Almoqbel Daad , Albati Aljohara , Alsaud Aljohara , Enani Mushira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. Highly resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is a global public health threat, especially in intensive care units (ICU). The purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence of drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections at an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Saudi Arabia. It also aims to assess the appropriateness of therapies used and whether these therapies improved clinical outcomes. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2018 in a tertiary hospital ICUs in Saudi Arabia. Positive cultures for multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensive drug resistant (XDR), and pan drug-resistant (PDR) Enterobacteriaceae: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Enterobacter species were included. Primary outcome was microbiological cure and 30 days in hospital mortality rates; while secondary outcome was length of hospital stay (LOS). Regression models were used to assess the relationship between appropriateness of therapy and outcomes. Results. This study included 227 Enterobacteriaceae cultures in which 60% were either MDR (n=130) or XDR (n=8) infections; no PDR Enterobacteriaceae cultures were identified. The average subjects’ age was 60.1±17.7 years and 54% were females. Half of the MDR/XDR cultures were E. coli, followed by 33% K. pneumoniae, and 16% Enterobacter infection. The most common antibiotics used were piperacillin/tazobactam (53%), followed by carbapenems (47%) and cephalosporins (21.3%). Antibiotic therapy was considered appropriate in 85 out of 138 (61.59%) subjects only. In-hospital death was 84%, microbiological cure rate was achieved in 40% of cases, and the average LOS was 27 days. Appropriateness of antibiotic therapy prescribed was not a predictor of any of the study clinical outcomes. Conclusion. In this study, there was a high prevalence of resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections, which were associated with a high mortality rate. This warrants the need to assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship program and infection prevention and control practices particularly in critically ill patients.
The Prognostic Value of the CA19-9/TBIL Ratio in Patients With Biliary Tract Cancers (BTCs): A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xiao Jianchun , Wang Li , Hong Tao , Li Binglu , Liu Wei , Qu Qiang , Zheng Chaoji , He Xiaodong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Incidence of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) in China is high, and surgery is the only curative option. Preoperative CA19-9 has been identified as a predictor for survival in patients with resectable BTCs, but more potential predictors need to be studied. This retrospective study aimed to establish the prognostic significance of CA19-9/TBIL ratio (CTR) in patients with BTCs.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in patients who diagnosed with BTCs and received surgical resection between 2013 and 2018 at PUMCH. Demographic and clinical parameters were collected. Preoperative CA19-9 and CTR were classified as elevated (> 58.6 and > 0.83) according to the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Demographic and clinical parameters were compared between the groups using Student’s t-test, chi-square, or Fisher’s exact test. Survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier methods and the relationship between variables and survival was assessed by the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify potential risk factors for overall survival.Results: In total 109 participants were involved in the final analysis. The overall survival rate was 18.0% at 5 years, with a median survival duration of 1.58 years. The Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that higher CTR was associated with shorter OS (15 vs. 50, p < 0.01). Univariate survival analysis identified TNM staging, CA19-9, and CTR as statistically significant prognostic factors. In a multiple COX analysis, only CTR was proved as a significantly independent prognostic factor.Conclusion: CTR acts as an independent prognostic predictor for patients with biliary tract cancer.
Equivalency Between the Shock Index and Subtracting the Systolic Blood Pressure From the Heart Rate: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Kamikawa Yohei , Hayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Although the shock index is known to predict mortality and other severe outcomes, deriving it requires complex calculations. Subtracting the systolic blood pressure from the heart rate may produce a simple shock index that would be a clinically useful substitute for the shock index. In this study, we investigated whether the simple shock index was equivalent to the shock index.Methods: This observational cohort study was conducted at 2 tertiary care hospitals. Patients who were transported by ambulance were recruited for this study and were excluded if they were aged <15 years, had experienced prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest, or had undergone inter-hospital transfer. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient and regression equation were calculated, and two one-sided tests were performed to examine their equivalency. Results: Among 5,429 eligible patients, the correlation coefficient between the shock index and simple shock index was extremely high (0.917, 95% confidence interval 0.912 to 0.921, P <.001). The regression equation was estimated as sSI = 258.55 log SI. The two one-sided tests revealed a very strong equivalency between the shock index and the index estimated by the above equation using the simple shock index (mean difference was 0.004, 90% confidence interval 0.003 to 0.005). Conclusion: The simple shock index strongly correlated with the shock index.
RCO-3 and COL-26 form an External-to-Internal Module that Regulates the Dual-Affinity Glucose Transport System in Neurospora Crassa
Authors: Li Jinyang , Liu Qian , Li Jingen , Lin Liangcai , Li Xiaolin , Zhang Yongli , Tian Chaoguang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Low- and high-affinity glucose transport system is a conserved strategy of microorganism to cope with environmental glucose fluctuation for their growth and competitiveness. In Neurospora crassa, the dual-affinity glucose transport system consists of a low-affinity glucose transporter GLT-1 and two high-affinity glucose transporters HGT-1/HGT-2, which play diverse roles in glucose transport, carbon metabolism, and cellulase expression regulation. However, the regulation of this dual-transporter system in response to environmental glucose fluctuation is not yet clear.Results In this study, we report that a regulation module consisting of a downstream transcription factor COL-26 and an upstream non-transporting glucose sensor RCO-3 regulates the dual-affinity glucose transport system in N. crassa. COL-26 directly binds to the promoter regions of glt-1, hgt-1, and hgt-2, whereas RCO-3 is an upstream factor of the module whose deletion mutant resembles the Δcol-26 mutant phenotypically. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that Δcol-26 and Δrco-3 mutants had similar transcriptional profiles, and both mutants had impaired response to a glucose gradient. We also showed that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex is involved in regulation of the glucose transporters. AMPK is required for repression of glt-1 expression in starvation conditions by inhibiting the activity of RCO-3.Conclusions RCO-3 and COL-26 form an external-to-internal module that regulates the glucose dual-affinity transport system. Transcription factor COL-26 was identified as the key regulator. AMPK was also involved in the regulation of the dual transporter system. Our findings provide novel insight into the molecular basis of glucose uptake and signaling in filamentous fungi, which may aid in the rational design of fungal strains for industrial purposes.
Sleep Quality in the Withdrawal of Medical Members from Wuhan Using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Authors: Li Chen , Liu Yang , Xu Wei , Zhang Changjing , Shen Yezhou , Lv Xingping , Zhang Yunhe , Wang Feifei , Ma Shaolin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate sleep quality in the withdrawal of medical members dispatched to control the Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Methods: Forty-seven medical members (including twenty medical members treating mild COVID-19, seventeen medical members treating severe COVID-19 and ten logistics team members) completed questionnaire using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality of the medical members. Results: A total of forty-seven medical members participated in the sleep quality survey. The PSQI total scores are 5.6±4.3, 11.0±5.0 and 3.4±2.0 in treating mild COVID-19, treating severe COVID-19 and logistics team members, respectively. Medical members treating patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher PSQI total scores than those who facing up to the patients with mild COVID-19 and logistics team members. (P<0.005). The components of PSQI such as sleep duration and sleep medications were significantly higher in medical members treating patients with severe COVID-19 than those who facing up to the patients with mild COVID-19 and logistics team members (P<0.005). The components of PSQI such as sleep quality and daytime dysfunction were worse in medical members treating patients with severe COVID-19 than logistics team members (P<0.005).Conclusions: Findings indicate that medical members treating patients with severe COVID-19 had worse sleep quality than who facing up to the patients with mild COVID-19 and logistics team members.