bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sphingosine signaling dysfunction in airway cells as a potential contributor to progression from protracted bacterial bronchitis to bronchiectasis in children
Authors: Hodge Sandra , Macowan Matthew , Liu Hong , Hamon Rhys , Chen Alice C.‐H. , Marchant Julie M. , Pizzutto Susan J. , Upham John W. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimProtracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is considered a potential precursor to bronchiectasis (BE) in some children. We previously showed that alveolar macrophages (AM) from children with PBB or BE have a similar significant defect in phagocytic capacity, with proinflammatory associations. We hypothesized that the mechanisms responsible for this defect involve dysregulation of the sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway, as we have found in adult inflammatory lung diseases.MethodWe employed a Custom TaqMan OpenArray to investigate gene expression of S1P‐generating enzymes: sphingosine kinases (SPHK) 1/2, S1P phosphatase 2 (SGPP2), S1P lyase 1 (SGPL1), S1P receptors (S1PR) 1/2/4/5; proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α (TNF) and IFNγ (IFNG), the cytotoxic mediator granzyme B (GZMB), and inflammasomes AIM2 and NLRP3, in bronchoalveolar lavage from 15 children with BE, 15 with PBB and 17 age‐matched controls, and determined association with clinical/demographic variables and airway inflammation.ResultSignificantly increased expression of S1PR1, S1PR2, and SPHK1 was noted in PBB and BE AM vs controls with increased SGPP2 only in PBB. TNF, IFNG, AIM2, and NLRP3 were significantly increased in both disease groups with increased GZMB only in PBB. There were no significant differences in the expression of any other S1P‐related mediator between groups. There were significant positive associations between Haemophilus influenzae growth and expression of S1PR1 and NLRP3; between S1PR1 and S1PR2, NLRP3 and IFNG; between S1PR2 and AIM2, SPHK1, and SPHK2; and between SPHK1 and GZMB, IFNG, AIM2, and NLRP3.ConclusionChildren with PBB and BE share similar S1P‐associated gene expression profiles. AM phagocytic dysfunction and inflammation in these children may occur due to dysregulated S1P signaling.
Investigation on the stability, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of novel calcium carbonate hydrates via first‐principles calculations
Authors: Zhou Yunxuan , Liu Qianli , Hu Mingyu , Xu Gengsen , Xu Ruiju , Chong Xiaoyu , Feng Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCalcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an inorganic compound which is widely used in industry, chemistry, construction, ocean acidification, and biomineralization due to its rich constituent on earth and excellent performance, in which calcium carbonate hydrates are important systems. In Zou et al's work (Science, 2019, 363, 396‐400), they found a novel calcium carbonate hemihydrate phase, but the structural stability, optical, and mechanical properties have not been studied. In this work, the stability, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of novel calcium carbonate hydrates were investigated by using the first‐principles calculations using density functional theory. CaCO3·xH2O (x = 1/2, 1 and 6) are determined dynamically stable phases by phonon spectrum, but the Gibbs energy of reaction of CaCO3·1/2H2O is higher than other calcium carbonate hydrates. That is why CaCO3·1/2H2O is hard to synthesize in the experiments. In addition, the optical and mechanical properties of CaCO3·xH2O (x = 1/2, 1 and 6) are expounded in detail. It shows that the CaCO3·1/2H2O has the largest bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young's modulus with the values 60.51 GPa, 36.56 GPa, and 91.28 GPa. This work will provide guidance for experiments and its applications, such as biomineralization, geology, and industrial processes.
Fine‐scale observations of spatio‐spectro‐temporal dynamics of bird vocalizations using robot audition techniques
Authors: Sumitani Shinji , Suzuki Reiji , Matsubayashi Shiho , Arita Takaya , Nakadai Kazuhiro , Okuno Hiroshi G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEcoacoustics needs sophisticated acoustic monitoring tools to extract a wide level of features from an observed mixture of sounds. We have developed a portable acoustic monitoring system called ‘HARKBird’ which consists of a laptop PC and an inexpensive commercial microphone array with the robot audition software HARK. HARKBird can extract acoustic events in a recording, and we can obtain the begin and end timings, the spatial information (e.g., position or direction from the microphone array), and the spectrogram of the sound separated from the original recording. In this study, we report how robot audition techniques contribute to monitoring spatio‐spectro‐temporal dynamics of bird behaviors, using an extended and minimal system based on multiple microphone arrays. The dimension reduction of separated sounds is important to integrate the information from multiple microphone arrays. As a dimension reduction algorithm, we use t‐SNE to help manual annotation of each sound and to generate the vocalization distribution automatically. We conduct playback experiments to Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) to simulate different cases of territorial intrusions (song/call/no playback). Our hypothesis in playback experiments is that playback of conspecific vocalizations would invoke aggressive responses of males against song playbacks and the effects would be more prominent than those of call playbacks. Our primary aim is to test whether our system can extract the necessary information on the aggressiveness of target individuals to examine our hypothesis. We show the system with manual annotation of vocalizations can extract their different spatio‐spectro‐temporal dynamics in different conditions, which supported our hypothesis. We also consider the spectral affinity‐based automatic matching of localized sounds from different microphone arrays. The relative number of localized songs depending on the playback conditions reflected a similar trend to those in the manual approach, implying that we can grasp the long‐term dynamics of vocalizations without costly annotations.
Effects of Ceria Nanoparticles and CeCl3 on Plant Growth, Biological and Physiological Parameters, and Nutritional Value of Soil Grown Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Ma Yuhui , Xie Changjian , He Xiao , Zhang Boxin , Yang Jie , Sun Minghui , Luo Wenhe , Feng Sheng , Zhang Junzhe , Wang Guohua , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe release of metal ions may play an important role in toxicity of metal‐based nanoparticles. In this report, a life cycle study is carried out in a greenhouse, to compare the effects of ceria nanoparticles (NPs) and Ce3+ ions at 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Ce kg−1 on plant growth, biological and physiological parameters, and nutritional value of soil‐grown common bean plants. Ceria NPs have a tendency to negatively affect photosynthesis, but the effect is not statistically significant. Ce3+ ionic treatments at 50, 100, and 200 mg Ce kg−1 result in increases of 1.25‐, 0.66‐, and 1.20‐fold in stomatal conductance, respectively, relative to control plants. Both ceria NPs and Ce3+ ions disturb the homeostasis of antioxidant defense system in the plants, but only 200 mg Ce kg−1 ceria NPs significantly induce lipid peroxidation in the roots. Ceria NP treatments tend to reduced fresh weight and to increase mineral contents of the green pods, but have no effect on the organic nutrient contents. On the contrary, Ce3+ ion treatments modify the organic compositions and thus alter the nutritional quality and flavor of the green pods. These results suggest that the two Ce forms may have different mechanisms on common bean plants.
Iridium(III) Complex–Derived Polymeric Micelles with Low Dark Toxicity and Strong NIR Excitation for Phototherapy and Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zhang Xinzhong , Fang Lei , Gao Chuanzhu , Xu Chenjie , Gou Shaohua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIridium(III) complexes are potent candidates for photodynamic therapy. However, their clinical usage is impeded by their poor water solubility, high dark toxicity, and negligible absorption in near‐infrared region (NIR region). Here, it is proposed to solve these challenges by developing an iridium(III) complexe‐based polymeric micelle system. This system is self‐assembled using an iridium(III) complex‐containing amphiphilic block polymer. The upconversion nanoparticles are included in the polymeric micelles to permit NIR excitation. Compared with the nonformulated iridium(III) complexes, under NIR stimulation, this polymeric micelle system exhibits higher 1O2 generation efficiency, negligible dark toxicity, excellent tumor‐targeting ability, and synergistic phototherapy–chemotherapy effect both in vitro and in vivo.
Mono- und mehrsegmentaler ventraler minimalinvasiver Zugang zur Lendenwirbelsäule (OLIF) zur Korrektur von Deformitäten
Authors: Mehren Christoph , Wanke-Jellinek Lorenz , Krenauer Alexander , Korge Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Operationsziel
Minimalinvasiver anterolateraler Zugang zur Lendenwirbelsäule („oblique lateral interbody fusion“ [OLIF]) zur Korrektur von lumbalen Deformitäten.

Indikationen
Ventrales Release bei degenerativer Lumbalskoliose oder segmentalen Kyphosen und interkorporelle Korrekturspondylodese.

Kontraindikationen
Absolute Kontraindikationen bestehen nicht. Relative Kontraindikationen sind vorangegangene (linksseitige) retroperitoneale Eingriffe bzw. Zustand nach Peritonitis mit ausgeprägten retroperitonealen Vernarbungen. Gefäßanomalien mit extrem lateral verlaufender V. iliaca communis (v. a. bei Segmentationsstörungen im vorletzten Bewegungssegment).

Operationstechnik
Über einen kleinen Hautschnitt im Bereich der linken Flanke und Wechselschnitttechnik durch die Bauchwandmuskulatur retroperitoneales Eingehen auf die laterale anteriore Lendenwirbelsäule monosegmental bzw. von L1–L5. Retraktion des M. psoas und Ausräumen des Bandscheibenfaches ggf. mit Durchtrennung des vorderen Längsbandes. Interkorporelles Release und Interposition eines Implantates zur ventralen Korrekturspondylodese.

Weiterbehandlung
Frühmobilisation nach dorsaler Instrumentation nach Abklingen der Narkose unter Thromboseprophylaxe. Leichte Kost bis zum ersten Stuhlgang. Tragen einer rumpfstabilisierenden Orthese je nach Art und Ausdehnung des Eingriffes bis zu 12 Wochen. Keine Einschränkungen bezüglich Gehstrecke, Stehen und Sitzen unmittelbar postoperativ nach Schmerzvorgabe.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 15 konsekutive Patienten mit degenerativer lumbaler Skoliose im Sinne einer ventrodorsalen Fusionsoperation versorgt. Die operative ventrale Versorgung beinhaltete 1 bis 4 Segmente. Erfasst wurden die zugangsspezifischen Komplikationen sowie die prä- und postoperativen radiologischen Parameter. Bei keinem der 15 linksseitig retroperitoneal durchgeführten ventralen Zugänge wurden intraoperative oder postoperative zugangsspezifische Komplikationen festgestellt. Im gesamten Patientenkollektiv konnte eine signifikante Reduktion des a.p.-Cobb-Winkels von präoperativ 16° ± 6° auf 3° ± 2° postoperativ (p < 0,001) erreicht werden.
Total-minimalinvasive Ösophagektomie
Authors: Müller-Stich Beat , Schmidt Thomas , Nienhüser Henrik , Nickel Felix , Billeter Adrian , Diener Markus , Ulrich Alexis , Büchler Markus W. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die onkologische Ösophagektomie ist mit hoher Morbidität verbunden. Mit minimal invasiven Operationsverfahren ist verschiedentlich versucht worden, diese zu reduzieren. Hauptproblem ist dabei die intrathorakale Anastomose. Es existieren verschiedene Techniken, mit dem Problem umzugehen, wie die Anlage einer funktionell problematischen zervikalen Anastomose, die offene Anlage der thorakalen Anastomose (Hybrid-Technik) oder die robotergestützte Anlage der technisch sehr anspruchsvollen Zirkularstapleranastomose. Als minimal invasiv auch ohne Roboterassistenz relativ einfach machbare Alternative zeigen wir die intrathorakale Seit-zu-Seit Ösophagogastrostomie in Linearstapler-Technik.

Operationstechnik
Der abdominelle Teil erfolgt in French-Lagerung. Nach Dissektion des Omentum majus entlang der gastroepiploischen Arkade und des Milzhilus sowie Trennung des Omentum minus 6 cm präpylorisch wird ein 4,5 cm breiter Magenschlauch in Linearstaplertechnik gebildet. Dann erfolgt die systematische abdominale und transmediastinale Lymphadenekotmie. Nach Umlagerung des Patienten in Links-Seitenlage wird die Lymphadenektomie thorakal komplettiert und das Präparat entfernt. Die Seit-zu-Seit Ösophagogastrostomie beginnt mit der Inzision des Ösophagusstumpfes. Dann wird der Magenschlauch mesonah 5 cm vom oralen Absetzungsrand inzidiert und ein Linearstapler über 3 cm in die beiden Inzisionen eingebracht und abgefeuert. Die verbleibende Öffnung wird mit einer fortlaufenden Naht modifiziert zweireihig quer verschlossen.

Diskussion
Die Seit-zu-Seit Ösophagogastrostomie in Linearstapler-Technik scheint eine einfache und sichere Alternative für die Rekonstruktion nach minimal invasiver Ösophagektomie zu sein. Die Methode wird aktuell in einer randomisiert kontrollierten Studie untersucht.
Psoriasis bei Dupilumab-behandeltem atopischem Ekzem
Authors: Senner S. , Eicher L. , Aszodi N. , Prinz J. C. , French L. E. , Wollenberg A. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDupilumab ist ein monoklonaler Antikörper, der an die gemeinsame α‑Kette des IL(Interleukin)-4- und IL-13-Rezeptors bindet und den Th(T-Helferzelle)2-Signalweg blockiert, der bei der Entstehung des atopischen Ekzems eine Schlüsselrolle spielt. Wir berichten über den Fall eines 40-jährigen Patienten, der nach 6 Wochen Dupilumab-Therapie eine histologisch gesicherte Psoriasis entwickelte. Das eigenmächtige, abrupte Absetzen der ungewöhnlichen, nicht leitliniengerechten oralen Steroidtherapie und die Blockade des Th2-Signalwegs durch Dupilumab dürften die entscheidenden Auslösefaktoren für die erstmalige Ausbildung der Psoriasis bei unserem Patienten gewesen sein.
Dominant gut Prevotella copri in gastrectomised non-obese diabetic Goto–Kakizaki rats improves glucose homeostasis through enhanced FXR signalling
Authors: Péan Noémie , Le Lay Aurelie , Brial Francois , Wasserscheid Jessica , Rouch Claude , Vincent Mylène , Myridakis Antonis , Hedjazi Lyamine , Dumas Marc-Emmanuel , Grundberg Elin , Lathrop Mark , Magnan Christophe , Dewar Ken , Gauguier Dominique 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims/hypothesisDrug and surgical-based therapies in type 2 diabetes are associated with altered gut microbiota architecture. Here we investigated the role of the gut microbiome in improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery.MethodsWe carried out gut microbiome analyses in gastrectomised (by vertical sleeve gastrectomy [VSG]) rats of the Goto–Kakizaki (GK) non-obese model of spontaneously occurring type 2 diabetes, followed by physiological studies in the GK rat.ResultsVSG in the GK rat led to permanent improvement of glucose tolerance associated with minor changes in the gut microbiome, mostly characterised by significant enrichment of caecalPrevotella copri. Gut microbiota enrichment withP. copriin GK rats through permissive antibiotic treatment, inoculation of gut microbiota isolated from gastrectomised GK rats, and direct inoculation ofP. copri, resulted in significant improvement of glucose tolerance, independent of changes in body weight. Plasma bile acids were increased in GK rats following inoculation withP. copriandP. copri-enriched microbiota from VSG-treated rats; the inoculated GK rats then showed increased liver glycogen and upregulated expression ofFxr(also known asNr1h4),Srebf1c,Chrebp(also known asMlxipl) andIl10and downregulated expression ofCyp7a1.ConclusionsOur data underline the impact of intestinalP. coprion improved glucose homeostasis through enhanced bile acid metabolism and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling, which may represent a promising opportunity for novel type 2 diabetes therapeutics.
Assessment of cervical spine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis patients in the era of biologics: a real-life, cross-sectional MRI study
Authors: Oláh Csaba , Kardos Zsófia , Kostyál László , Hodosi Katalin , Tamási László , Bereczki Dániel , Szekanecz Zoltán 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCervical spine involvement may lead to severe complications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the era of modern therapies, atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) may be rare; however, it may still be detected in asymptomatic patients. The onset of myelopathy can occur at any time. Altogether 49 female RA patients were included. Among them, 15 were methotrexate treated, biologic free, while 34 patients received biologics. The patients had no cervical pain or any neurological symptoms. We assessed the first (C1) and second (C2) cervical vertebrae by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition to AAS, we also determined odontoid erosion or periodontal soft tissue thickening. We associated our MRI findings with clinical, laboratory parameters, and hand radiography. We detected anterior AAS and soft tissue thickening in one-quarter, while odontoid erosions in eight (16%) of RA patients. There were no significant differences among the therapeutic subgroups. No posterior or vertical AAS was seen. Anterior AAS was associated with higher degree of inflammation, soft tissue thickening was seen at younger age, while odontoid erosions were associated with van der Heijde–Sharp scores of the hand. None of the patients had any lesions requiring surgery. The presence of cervical involvement in RA patients with 10–11 years of disease duration is still an important and frequent phenomenon. Higher disease activity and erosive disease are associated with atlantoaxial involvement. 3 T MRI is a sensitive method to assess AAS, as well as soft tissue lesions and odontoid erosions.
Quantitative coronary computed tomography angiography for the detection of cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Authors: Foldyna Borek , Sandri Marcus , Luecke Christian , Garbade Jens , Gohmann Robin , Hahn Jochen , Fischer Julia , Gutberlet Matthias , Lehmkuhl Lukas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To associate coronary wall volume and composition, derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), with cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) detected on invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in heart-transplanted (HTX) patients.

Methods
We included consecutive adults who received ICA and coronary CTA for evaluation of CAV ≥ 10 months after HTX. In all coronary segments, we assessed lumen and wall volumes and segmental length, calculated volume-length ratio (VLR) (volumes indexed by segmental length; mm3/mm), wall burden (WB) (wall/wall + lumen volumes; %), and assessed proportions of calcified, fibrotic, fibro-fatty, and low-attenuation tissue (%) in coronary wall. We rendered independent CTA measures associated with CAV by ICA, tested their discriminatory capacity, and assessed concordance between CTA and ICA.

Results
Among 50 patients (84% men; 53.6 ± 11.9 years), we analyzed 632 coronary segments. Mean interval between HTX and CTA was 6.7 ± 4.7 years and between ICA and CTA 1 (0–1) day. Segmental VLR, WB, and proportion of fibrotic tissue were independently associated with CAV (OR = 1.06–1.27; p ≤ 0.002), reaching a high discriminatory capacity (combination of all three: AUC = 0.84; 95%CI, 0.75–0.90). Concordance between CTA and ICA was higher in advanced CAV (88%) compared with that in none (37%) and mild (19%) CAV. Discordance was primarily driven by a large number of segments with coronary wall changes on CTA but without luminal stenoses on ICA (177/591; 25%).

Conclusion
CTA-derived coronary wall VLR, WB, and the proportion of fibrotic tissue are independent markers of CAV. Combination of these three parameters may aid the detection of early CAV not detected by ICA, the current standard of care.

Key Points
• Coronary CTA detects CAV in HTX patients.
• Coronary wall volume-length ratio, wall burden, and proportion of fibrotic tissue are independently associated with CAV.
• In contrast to ICA, coronary CTA may identify the early stages of CAV.
Fine-scale delineation of Symbiodiniaceae genotypes on a previously bleached central Red Sea reef system demonstrates a prevalence of coral host-specific associations
Authors: Hume B. C. C. , Mejia-Restrepo A. , Voolstra C. R. , Berumen M. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWidespread coral bleaching occurred in the central Red Sea in 2010 and 2015. During both events, a cross-shelf and depth gradient of bleaching severity was identified within the Thuwal reef system, central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. While bleaching and survival of coral taxa were monitored, neither in situ reef temperatures nor coral-associated algal communities (family Symbiodiniaceae) were characterized. Here, we determined coral host-associated Symbiodiniaceae communities and monitored temperatures along the same cross-shelf and depth gradient on six reefs in 2017 to better understand the role of these factors in the observed bleaching patterns and to generate a baseline for further studies. We characterized > 600 coral–algal associations across winter and summer in six genera of scleractinian coral (Pocillopora, Stylophora, Seriatopora, Galaxea, Gardineroseris, and Porites) and one fire coral (Family Milleporidae) using ITS2 next-generation sequencing in conjunction with the SymPortal analytical framework. We show that previous bleaching patterns correlate poorly with the largely coral host-specific structure of the 2017 Symbiodiniaceae community and are in better agreement with absolute and intraday sea water temperature variations monitored on the reefs. We demonstrate a greater distinctiveness of Symbiodiniaceae communities at the more severely bleached inshore reefs compared to those reefs further offshore. However, the potential Symbiodiniaceae community changes at these reefs prior to our sampling prevent us from evaluating this distinctiveness as determinative of the differences in bleaching severities. Based on our analyses, we discuss how fine-scale delineation of algal genotypes, including host-specific putative genotypes of Durusdinium trenchii that represent alluring targets for further taxonomic identification, corroborate a niche-adapted rather than generalist character of many coral–Symbiodiniaceae associations. In conclusion, as studies such as this one continue to build the global catalogue of coral–Symbiodiniaceae associations, we may be afforded a better oversight of how specialized coral–algal associations really are and how restricted their modification may be, both of which are critical considerations in predicting the adaptive potential of corals and the reef ecosystems they build.