bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and anxiety, Depression, Stress and Sleep in Professional Drivers in southern Iran
Authors: Kamali Mahsa , Khatami Kiana , Estedlal AliReza , Sarikhani Yaser , Tabrizi Reza , Akabri Maryam , Zarei Leila , Heydari Seyyed Taghi , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders which is characterized by low focused concentration, distractibility, reduced self-regulation, and hyperactivity. They experience high rates of sleep and mental problems. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep among professional adult drivers with ADHD in an Iranian sample.Method: in this cross-sectional study, 547 professional adults drivers with ADHD that affirm their disorders by Conner adult ADHD rating scale (CAARS) complete survey that provides demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing quality of sleep, and DASS 21 survey to evaluate Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale.Results: professional adult drivers with ADHD reveals a significant association of anxiety, depression, stress with poor sleep quality. Among these drivers, Poor quality of sleep was substantially associated with driving at night (P=0.039), but no substantial correlation was found with age, marital status, education, a model of car, and daytime driving (P>0.05). Conclusion: Given the significant correlation of anxiety, depression, stress, and ADHD with low quality of sleep, ADHD drivers may be a potential preventive measure that contributes to the identification of vulnerable drivers in terms of psychological state and improvement of their quality of sleep by setting acceptable rules for juggling working hours and supporting acts.
COVID-CT-Mask-Net: Prediction of COVID-19 from CT Scans Using Regional Features
Authors: Ter-Sarkisov Aram 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present COVID-CT-Mask-Net model that predicts COVID-19 from CT scans. The model works in two stages: first, it detects the instances of ground glass opacity and consolidation in CT scans, then predicts the condition from the ranked bounding box detections. To develop the solution for the three-class problem (COVID, common pneumonia and control), we used the COVIDx-CT dataset derived from the dataset of CT scans collected by China National Center for Bioinformation. We use about 5% of the training split of COVIDx-CT to train the model, and without any complicated data normalization, balancing and regularization, and training only a small fraction of the model’s parameters, we achieve a 90.80% COVID sensitivity, 91.62% common pneumonia sensitivity and 92.10% normal sensitivity, and an overall accuracy of 91.66% on the test data (21182 images), bringing the ratio of test/train data to 7.06, which implies a very high capacity of the model to generalize to new data. We also establish an important result, that ranked regional predictions (bounding boxes with scores) in Mask R-CNN can be used to make accurate predictions of the image class. The full source code, models and pretrained weights are available on https://github.com/AlexTS1980/COVID-CT-Mask-Net.
A Study on Investor Buying Behavior and Financial Literacy in Urban India
Authors: Agarwal Kritin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Investor behaviour and financial literacy are some of the most discussed topics in modern times. In the present technology-driven setting understanding the above concerns could lead to major economic boosts for individuals as well as countries. This study treads on to explore these topics by developing a unique financial index based upon research-backed literature suited for the respondents residing in the urban cities of India and understanding investor behaviour through a series of questions. The paper studies the financial index developed with respect to the various demographic variables of the respondents trying to establish relations between them. The study finds that 43% of the respondents are financially literate while almost 10% are financially illiterate. We observe the relationships between age, gender, residence types, occupation, educational background, investment sizes, income and financial literacy scores. The study also in pursuance of understanding investor behaviour employs factor analysis techniques to the data gathered and recognizes that the same could be classified into four broad categories namely Active Investors, Proactive Investors, Dependent Investors and Cautious Investors. The analysis of preferences of the modern-day Indian investors through statistical methods reveal fixed deposits to be the most preferred vehicle closely followed by life insurance policies and mutual funds. Equity and Gold gain similar scores and one can conclude that the predominantly risk-averse Indian investors have shifted from investing in traditional avenues such as gold and real estate to more technical investment vehicles requiring a greater understanding of the world of finance.
History- and symptom-based prediction of pulmonary function and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: development and validation of a nomogram
Authors: Lee Sang Chul , An Chansik , Yoo Jongha , Park Sungho , Shin Donggyo , Han Chang Hoon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Early suspicion followed by assessing lung function with spirometry could decrease the underdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in primary care. We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the FEV1/FVC ratio and the presence of COPD.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 4,241 adult patients who underwent spirometry between 2013 and 2019. By linear regression analysis, variables associated with FEV1/FVC were identified in the training cohort (n=2,969). Using the variables as predictors, a nomogram was created to predict the FEV1/FVC ratio and validated in the test cohort (n=1,272).Results: Older age (Odds ratio [OR], 0.858; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.833-0.885), male sex (OR, 0.149; 95% CI, 0.064–0.348), current or past smoking history (OR, 0.036; 95% CI, 0.015–0.086), the presence of dyspnea (OR, 0.086; 95% CI, 0.027–0.275), and the absence of overweight (OR, 2.445; 95% CI, 1.210–4.942) were significantly associated with the FEV1/FVC ratio. In the final testing, the developed nomogram showed a mean absolute error of 0.822 (95% CI, 0.789–0.854) between the predicted and actual FEV1/FVC ratios. The overall performance was best when FEV1/FVC < 70% was used as a diagnostic criterion for COPD; the sensitivity, specificity, and balanced accuracy were 82.3%, 68.6%, and 75.5%, respectively.Conclusion: The developed nomogram could be used to identify potential patients at risk of COPD who may need further evaluation, especially in the primary care setting where spirometry is not available.
Spatial Filtering for Enhanced High-Density Surface Electromyographic Examination of Neuromuscular Changes and Its Application to Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhang Xu , Li Xinhui , Tang Xiao , Chen Xun , Chen Xiang , Zhou Ping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Spatial filtering of multi-channel signals is considered to be an effective pre-processing approach for improving signal-to-noise ratio. The use of spatial filtering for preprocessing high-density (HD) surface electromyogram (sEMG) helps to extract critical spatial information, but its application to non-invasive examination of neuromuscular changes have not been well investigated.Methods: Aimed at evaluating how spatial filtering can facilitate examination of muscle paralysis, three different spatial filtering methods are presented using principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, and both combination, respectively. Their performance was evaluated in terms of diagnostic power, through HD-sEMG clustering index (CI) analysis of neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following spinal cord injury (SCI).Results: The experimental results showed that: 1) The CI analysis of conventional single-channel sEMG can reveal complex neuromuscular changes in paralyzed muscles following SCI, and its diagnostic power has been confirmed to be characterized by the variance of Z-scores; 2) the diagnostic power was highly dependent on the location of sEMG recording channel. Directly averaging the CI diagnostic indicators over channels just reached a medium level of the diagnostic power; 3) the use of either PCA-based or NMF-based filtering method yielded a greater diagnostic power, and their combination could even enhance the diagnostic power significantly.Conclusions: This study not only presents an essential preprocessing approach for improving diagnostic power of HD-sEMG, but also helps to develop a standard sEMG preprocessing pipeline, thus promoting its widespread application.
Using peer role-playing to improve students’ clinical skills for musculoskeletal physical examinations
Authors: Yamauchi Kazuyo , Hagiwara Yoko , Iwakura Nahoko , Kubo Saori , Sato Azusa , Ohtsuru Tadahiko , Okazaki Ken , Okubo Yumiko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The traditional curriculum for medical students in Japan does not include sufficient opportunity for the students to develop their skills for musculoskeletal (MSK) examination and clinical reasoning and diagnosis. So, the effective program requires to help medical students and residents improve these clinical skills about MSK. Our purpose was to assess using mini-CEX that these clinical skills of medical students have experienced peer role-playing simulation program.Methods: Participants were 90 women medical students who were completing their first orthopaedic clinical clerkship, were allocated into two groups. The simulation group encountered with role-play for MSK cases as low fidelity simulation, and a structured debriefing with the course supervisor including self- reflection at Day 1 (n = 64). The control group did not participate in the role-play due to clerkship schedule randomized (n = 26). We observed and assessed all participants’ performance at outpatient encounter using the mini clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) when all participant encountered the first visit MSK outpatient at Day 2, and compared mini-CEX score between the simulation group and the control group. A statistical method was used Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Results: The Physical examination, the Clinical reasoning and Diagnosis, and the Overall clinical competency of the mini-CEX scores were significant differences in the simulation group higher than in the control group (p < .05, Physical examination: p = .014, Clinical Reasoning: p = .042, Overall: p = .016). These finding suggests the possibility that our medical students who have experienced peer role-playing simulation program improved the clinical skills of physical examination, the clinical reasoning and diagnosis, and the Overall clinical competency on the real-life MSK outpatient encounters.Conclusions: We successfully capture to assess using mini-CEX that these clinical skills improving of medical students who have experienced peer role-playing simulation program. A peer role-playing as a low-fidelity simulation will enable to polish the competency of medical students a musculoskeletal physical examination, and a clinical reasoning and diagnosis in a clinical setting, as a practical educational opportunity.
Isolation Coronavirus and Rotavirus Associated With Calves, in Central Part of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Seid Umer , Dawo Fufa , Ahmednur Munera , Tesfaye Asamino 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus and Rotavirus are most commonly associated etiologies for calves’ diarrhea resulting in loss of productivity and economy of farmers. However, various facets of diarrheal disease caused by coronavirus and rotavirus in calves in Ethiopia are inadequately understood. A cross sectional study was conducted with the aim of isolation and molecular characterization of coronavirus and rotavirus from calves in central part of Oromia (Bishoftu, Sebata, Holeta and Addis Ababa), Ethiopia from November 2018 to May 2019. The four study areas were purposively selected and fecal samples were collected by simple random sampling for diagnosis of coronavirus and rotavirus infection by using antigen detection Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) kit. In addition, this study was carried out to have insight in prevalence and associated risk factors of coronavirus and rotavirus infection in calves. Result: During the study 83 diarrheic and 162 non-diarrheic fecal samples collected from calves less than 4 weeks of age were screened for coronavirus and rotavirus. Of the 83 diarrheic samples, 1 sample (1.2%) was positive for coronavirus antigen (Ag) and 6 samples (7.2%) were found to be positive for rotavirus antigen (Ag) by Ag-ELISA. All the non-diarrheic samples were negative for both coronavirus and rotavirus Ag. The overall prevalence of coronavirus and rotavirus infection in calves were estimated as 0.4% (1/245) and 2.45% (6/245) respectively. All samples (7) of ELISA test positive of both coronavirus and rotavirus were propagated in Madin Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK). After 3 subsequent passages, progressive cytopathic effect (CPE) i.e. rounding, detachment as well as destruction of mono-layer cell of five sample (1 sample of coronavirus and 4 sample of rotavirus) (71.4%) were observed. At the molecular stage, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to determine the presence of coronavirus and rotavirus nucleic acid by using specific primers. The 5 samples that were coronavirus and rotavirus antigen positive by ELISA and develop CPE on cell culture were also positive on RT-PCR technique. Infection prevalence peaked have been obtained at 1st and 2nd weeks of age in male calves. Conclusion: Diarrheal disease caused by coronavirus and rotavirus has a great health problem in calves that interrupts production benefits with reduced weight gain and increased mortality, and its potential for zoonotic spread. So the present findings show coronavirus and rotavirus infection in calves in Ethiopia that needs to be addressed by practicing early colostrums feeding in newborn calves, using vaccine, or improving livestock management.
Biological Performance of a Bioabsorbable Magnesium–Magnesium Phosphate Cement Interbody Fusion Cage in a Porcine Lumbar Interbody Fusion Model: a Feasibility Study
Authors: Wang Xuxuan , Zhang Yabin , Liu Yihao , Li Xiucan , Mao Keya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is a novel biodegradable bone adhesive. The major drawback of the Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) cage for implantation is its high brittleness. The magnesium was presumed to compensate for the lack of toughness in the MPC cage. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of a bioabsorbable cage consisting of magnesium and magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) in a porcine lumbar interbody fusion model. Methods Twelve male Ba-Ma mini pigs underwent lumbar discectomy and fusion with an Mg-MPC cage or a PEEK cage at the L3/L4 and L4/L5 level. Computed tomography (CT) scans were made to evaluate the distractive property by comparing average disc space height (DSH) before and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks after the operation. After the lumbar spines were harvested at 6 or 24 weeks after the operation, micro-CT examination was conducted to analyze the fusion rate, and stiffness of motion segments was investigated through mechanical tests. A histological study was performed to evaluate the tissue type in the intervertebral space. Results CT scans showed no significant difference between the two groups in average DSH at each time point. Micro-CT scans revealed an equal fusion rate in both groups (0% at 6 weeks, 83.3% at 24 weeks). Both groups showed time-dependent increases in stability, the Mg-MPC cages achieved an inferior stiffness at 6 weeks and a comparable stiffness at 24 weeks. Histologic evaluation showed the presence of newly formed bone in both groups. However, empty spaces were observed at the interface or around the Mg-MPC cages. Conclusion Compared with the PEEK cages, the Mg-MPC cages achieved comparable distraction, fusion rate, and spinal stability at 24 weeks after the operation. However, due to inferior stiffness at the early stage and fast degradation, further modification of material composition and design are necessary.
Scaling-up community self-reporting rate for COVID-19: Implication for assessing the perceived stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors among residents of Agege local government, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Olaniyan Akintunde , Amifofun Owoicho Samuel , Sola Sunday Thomas , Akande Abayomi , Besong Mathias , Yesufu Baqiah Morenike , Akanbi Ibukun Mary , Dairo Magbagbeola David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging public health problem with over forty-four million confirmed infections globally. Previous studies show that stigma impedes response activities. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the perceived stigmatization of COVID-19 survivors among residents of Agege local government, Lagos State, Nigeria. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 333 consenting residents recruited from Agege local government using a multi-stage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on perceived stigmatization. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using Chi-square and logistic regression respectively.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 35.7 ± 13.6 years. The proportion of respondents with poor knowledge was 50.5% and awareness for COVID-19 was 95.2%. Television and radio were the two major sources of awareness for COVID-19. A higher likelihood of perceived stigmatization was found among those aged 25 – 49 years (aOR= 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4 – 6.7), ≥ 50 years (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1 – 3.9) and married respondents (aOR= 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1 – 2.9). To reduce the effect of stigmatization, we recommend a holistic response plan designed with basic facts about COVID-19 using programmes targeting married respondents as well as the adults.
Early diagnostic value of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography for retrograde optic nerve changes in sellar-occupied patients
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Xiaowei , Zhang Wei , Han Muyuan , Zhao Wenshuai , Li Xiaohao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The comparison of the diagnostic value of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) for optic nerve injury has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in the early diagnosis of optic nerve injury in patients with occupying lesion in sellar region. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted for patients who were diagnosed with the occupying lesion in sellar region in the Department of Ophthalmology. The general routine examination and visual field examination were performed. A total of 22 patients (44 eyes) with no abnormalities were selected, and 22 healthy controls (44 eyes) were enrolled (age ≥18 years). SD-OCT was used to detect the average thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and the thickness of four quadrants and the thickness of each layer of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC). The results were compared to evaluate the damage of the optic nerve. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was evaluated by SD-OCT to detect the diagnostic efficacy of pRNFL and mGCC for sellar-occupying optic nerve damage. Results: The average thickness of pRNFL was significantly thinner than that of healthy controls (P<0.01). The mean thickness of mGCC, macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) and GCL+ were significantly thinner than those of healthy controls (P<0.05). The AUC values ​​of pRNFL, mGCC, ganglion cell layer (GCL) + and mGCC were 0.757, 0.643, 0.702 and 0.688, respectively. The diagnostic value was pRNFL> GCL+ > mGCC > mRNFL. Conclusion: The thickness of pRNFL and mGCC detected by SD-OCT has clinical value in the diagnosis of optic nerve injury in early patients with occupying lesion in sellar region. The change of pRNFL thickness is more effective than mGCC thickness in the early retrograde optic nerve changes, which has potential clinical use value for the diagnosis of retrograde optic nerve changes.
Unique transcriptome and gene expression analysis of rice seedling reveals different cadmium response regulatory mechanisms between indica and japonica rice
Authors: Tong Shan , Luo Xin , Khanzada Hira , Wassan Ghulam Mustafa , Cui Licao , Wu Guangliang , Tan Jingai , Liu Shilei , Li Caijin , Wang Peng , Zhang Xiangyu , Xu Jie , He Haohua , Bian Jianmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In general, the Cd content in indica rice is higher than that in japonica. However, the mechanism underlying this discrepancy has not been elucidated. Thus, understanding the genetic and molecular basis of Cd stress between indica and japonica is highly important for rice improvement programs.Results: In this study, two varieties of rice, japonica 02428 and indica CH891, were continuously exposed to Cd, and seedlings of the two varieties at two critical stages (the 3rd and 5th day) were selected for dynamic gene analysis by the transcriptome method. The results showed that CH891 was more sensitive to Cd than 02428, and a total of 7,204 and 6,670 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with Cd stress were detected on the 3rd day and 5th day, respectively. Furthermore, we divided these DEGs into three categories: SCR (sensitive variety with Cd-responsive), RCR (resistant variety with Cd-responsive) and CCR (common Cd-responsive). The enriched metabolic pathway analysis of DEGs preferentially expressed in a stage-specific and cultivar-specific manner showed that secondary metabolic processes were enriched in SCR, while protein metabolism and plant hormones were enriched in RCR. The diverted metabolic pathways might be the major reason for the different response mechanisms of Cd in indica and japonica rice.Conclusion: These results provide novel insights regarding the Cd response mechanism in rice seedlings between different varieties, and these important Cd-responsive DEGs were frequently involved in specific biological processes and metabolic pathways that might help to elucidate the mechanisms of the indica and japonica rice Cd response differences.