bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrorepulsion in Nanofluids: Experimental Characterization for a Stable Behavior
Authors: Chen Daming , Vasco Diego A. , Di Capua H. Mario , Guzmán Amador M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present work in nanofluids is focusing into using the electro-kinetic phenomenal occurring around nanoparticles immersed in a base fluid as a method to stabilize a nanofluid and enhance its thermal conductivity. The electro-kinetic physic establishes, that when an electrolyte solution is in contact with a solid, an electric double layer (EDL) is produced on the solid surface. Due to the high concentration of ions with the same charge around of the particle surface, “it is possible to stabilize a nanofluid by the action of an electro repulsive force caused by ions over the nanoparticle surface and enhance its thermal conductivity as the concentration of the solutions increases”. The nanofluid samples were prepared by the two-step method and a continuous ultrasonication. 1wt% and 3wt% concentration (mass fraction) of Titanium oxide, Anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles, is added in an electrolyte solution (base fluid) made of different concentration of Potassium Chloride (KCl), and deionized water. The pH of the base fluid is maintained constant adding HEPES as a buffering agent. To measure the different level of stability for the nanofluid we used the thermal conductivity enhancement of the base fluid by nanoparticles. The experimental results under controlled temperature condition show that an electrolyte solution with nanoparticles after 20 days of preparation, presents a higher thermal conductivity with respect to the base fluid with an improvement rate ranging from 0.43±0.12% to 0.72±0.12% for 1wt%, and 2.15±0.17% to 3.03±0.21% for 3wt% of nanoparticles added respectively. The higher improvement shows sign of a major level of homogeneity of the nanofluid, and this behavior seems to be directly proportional to the KCl concentration.
Numerical Simulation on the Evaporation of a Nonspherical Sessile Droplet
Authors: Cui Wenbin , Fu Benwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
When a droplet resting on a surface, its shape can be nonspherical or asymmetrical due to the surface heterogeneity, and surface temperature and evaporation flux may distribute asymmetrically during evaporation process thereafter. The evaporation of a nonspherical sessile droplet was simulated regarding heat and mass transfer process in this paper, which consists of part of a spherical cap and part of an ellipsoidal cap. Due to its asymmetrical shape, the surface temperature, saturated vapor concentration and evaporation flux distribute asymmetrically. The average surface temperature and average saturated vapor concentration are higher at ellipsoid side, but the average evaporation flux is higher at sphere side. Furthermore, due to the bigger curvature radius at ellipsoid side, the droplet evaporates faster at this side.
Molecular Mechanism of Water Transport Through Cellulose Cell Wall Matrix
Authors: Sun Jiaqi , Zhang XinRong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In plant living tissue, water can flow across cells by different paths, through cell membranes (transcellular path) and plasmodesmata (symplastic path), or through the continuous cell walls matrix (apoplastic path). The relative contribution of these three paths in living tissue is currently unclear and could vary according to species, tissue developmental stage or physiological conditions. Experiments suggested that apoplastic water movement predominates during transpiration. The objective of this study was to investigate the hydraulic process of cellulose cell wall pathway.
The effective pore diameter for water flow through the primary wall matrix is between 2 and 20nm. Inside the cell wall polymer porous, there exist hydrophilic/hydrophobic crystal surfaces based on structure anisotropic. Besides, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction and van der Waals (vdW) dispersion force play an important role in water transport inside the Nano cellulose porous. Therefore, the molecular dynamics simulation was applied to reveal the molecular mechanism of surface boundary effect together with various driving force during water passing through cellulose cell wall matrix Nano channel.
A Modified Correlation for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Plate Heat Exchangers
Authors: Lv Tong , Zheng Boren , Li Wei , Ayub Zahid 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Corrugated plate heat exchangers are increasingly used in two-phase flow applications for their flexible and compact size and the efficient heat transfer performance. This paper presents a review of recent studies on the subject and creates a database containing 533 data points from experiment studies. The collected database covers seven working fluids, a wide range of vapor quality (both mean and local) 0.01–0.94, heat flux 0.5–46 kW m−2, mass flux 5.5–137 kg m−2 s−1, chevron angle 30°–70°, and hydraulic diameter 1.7–4.0 mm. Based on the database a brief comparison between several previous correlations are discussed. A new prediction method for flow boiling heat transfer coefficient is generated by multiple regression analysis and modifying an existing correlation. It was observed that the modified correlation shows a better agreement and predicts 74.3% of data points within ±30% error band and 94.9% within ±50% error band.
Effect of Particle Sedimentation on Sessile Nanofluid Droplet
Authors: Jin Ming , Hu DingHua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of particle sedimentation on the evaporation rate of nanofluid droplets on a heated substrate is studied numerically. A two-dimension model of droplet evaporation and deposition using Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is developed, considering evaporation cooling, two-phase heat transfer, mass diffusion, nanoparticle transport and free surface evolution. The effects of temperature and particle concentration distribution on the total and local evaporation rate of millimeter-sized sessile nanofluid droplets with varying substrate temperature are numerically analyzed. It is shown that the nanoparticle concentration nearby the droplet edge is much higher than that nearby droplet center, and also the sedimentation at droplet edge is much more than that at droplet center. The non-uniform nanoparticle concentration inside droplets leads to a greater temperature difference along the free surface.
A Numerical Study of Electrode Arrangements for Precise Microdrop Generation in an Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidic Platform
Authors: Guan Yin , Li Baiyun , Zhu Mengnan , Cheng Shengjie , Tu Jiyue , Xing Lu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Owing to the wide applications in a large variety of multi-disciplinary areas, electrowetting-based digital microfluidics (DMF) has received considerable attention in the last decade. However, because of the complexity involved in the droplet generation process, the techniques and configurations for precise and controllable microdrop generation are still unclear. In this paper, a numerical study has been performed to investigate the impact of electrode arrangements on microdrop generation in an electrowetting-based DMF Platform proposed by a previously published experimental work. The governing equations for the microfluidic flow are solved by a finite volume formulation with a two-step projection method on a fixed numerical domain. The free surface of the microdrop is tracked by a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method, and the surface tension at the free surface is computed by the continuum surface force (CSF) scheme. A simplified viscous force scheme based on the ‘Hele-Shaw cell’ model is adopted to evaluate the viscous force exerted by the parallel plates. The generation process has been simulated with three different electrode arrangements, namely, ‘SL’, ‘SW’, and ‘SQ’. The effect of electrode arrangement on microdrop volume has been investigated. Besides, the influences of the initial microdrop location and volume on the generation process for the ‘SL’ design have been studied. The results can be used to advance microdrop generation techniques for various electrowetting-based DMF applications.
Electrokinetic Energy Conversion in Conical Nanochannels: Regulation Effect due to Conicity
Authors: Qian Fang , Huang Deng , Zhang Wenyao , Li Wenbo , Wang Qiuwang , Zhao Cunlu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electrokinetic energy conversion being a promising clean energy production technology utilizes the electric double layer (EDL) in a nanochannel to convert hydrodynamic energy to electrical power. The previous research mainly focuses on the electrokinetic energy conversion in straight nanochannels. In this work, we perform a systematic investigation of electrokinetic energy conversion in a conical nanochannel. For this purpose, a multiphysical model consisting of the Planck-Nernst-Poisson equation and Navier-Stokes equation was formulated and solved numerically. Particularly, we discover various regulation effects in the electrokinetic energy conversion in conical nanochannels that the energy conversion characteristics (streaming potential, streaming current and I-V characteristics) are different for a forward pressure difference and a backward pressure difference of the same magnitude. These regulation effects are found to be caused by the conicity of channel. Then the effects of the channel conicity, applied pressure difference and the surface charge density on the performance of electrokinetic energy conversion are discussed in details. It is generally shown that the regulation effects are enhanced by increasing the conicity, pressure difference and surface charge density. The conclusions from this work can serve as important reference and guidelines for the design and operation of electrokinetic energy conversion devices.
MFP-Based Monte Carlo Method for Nanostructure Phonon Transport
Authors: Yu Jincai , Ye Wenjing , Huang Baoling , Villaroman Daniel Josephus , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Phonon Monte Carlo method is a popular method for modeling particle dominated phonon transport. Its accuracy critically depends on its inputs such as relaxation time and dispersion, which are difficult to be obtained accurately and efficiently. As a result, empirical models with many fitting parameters are often used. In addition, for large-scale 3D nanostructured systems, the required computational cost is very high. In this article, we present an efficient and highly parallelizable phonon Monte Carlo method using MFP-cumulative thermal conductivity as the only input. The efficiency is enhanced by incorporating the recently proposed variance-reduction method, and the accuracy is ensured because the MFP-based cumulative thermal conductivity can be accurately obtained by experiments or first principles calculation. Moreover, with the MEP-cumulative thermal conductivity as the input, optical phonons can be naturally included in the calculation, which further improves the accuracy.
Mechanism Research of Coupling Drag Reduction and Heat Transfer on Surface With Different Liquid-Solid Interaction
Authors: Shi Lin , Hu Chengzhi , Bai Minli , Lv Jizu , Li Yubai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In order to study the effect of liquid-solid interaction and surface temperature on drag reduction and heat transfer, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is performed to investigate the density profile, velocity profile, velocity slip and temperature profile of fluid by changing liquid-solid interaction factor α and surface temperature. The result shows that there is a low density layer near the surface when α is small (weak liquid-solid interaction), larger α (strong liquid-solid interaction) can induce density oscillation and solid-like layer near the surface. Velocity slip will decrease as the increases of α. It’s worth noting that for α &lt; 0.02, the density oscillation becomes more obvious as the rises of temperature, which impairs drag reduction; For α &gt; 0.02 , the rises of temperature will impair the oscillation, which enhances drag reduction. Due to the existence of low density layer, the heat transfer capacity is very weak when α is small, but the capacity will be enhanced as the increases of α.
Study on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Micro-Scale Droplets and Fluid on Dynamic Liquid Film Condition by Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: He Yichao , Li Yan , Ding Zhuang , Yuan Han , Mei Ning 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The lab on a chip is of great value in the analytical chemistry, biology and pharmacy. So that it is very important to study the formation and control of droplet in chips. The fluid flowing under the condition of dynamic liquid film is researched innovatively in this paper. Its inspiration is derived from bionics (fish skin, etc.), which has a broad application prospect in reducing the resistance in water and weakening the heat transfer. Dynamic liquid film refers to the dynamic thin liquid layer with the hydrophilic property on the surface of wall under the pressure of outside fluid flow. The insolubility between liquid film and fluid creates a relatively stable flowing environment. In this paper, the formation and influencing factors of the droplet in the microfluidic chip are studied by the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), and the flow and heat transfer characteristics of fluid in microchannel is studied with microfluidic chip as the carrier under the condition of insoluble dynamic liquid film existing on the wall surface. LBM has certain advantages in boundary processing, parallel operation and tracing phase interface automatically. Using SC model of LBM (for two component flow), the process of formation and movement of the droplet in microfluidic chip are simulated numerically after verified by Laplace‘s law. The result shows that the hydrophobic characteristics between the discrete phase and the wall surface and increased flow rate of the continuous phase will decrease the droplets’ volume and increase the producing frequency. In addition, the fluid flow in the microchannel is simulated under the condition of insoluble dynamic liquid film on the wall surface. The simulation result shows that when the fluid flow rate increases, the friction loss decreases and the heat transfer capacity decreases with the existence of the liquid film. The lower the dissolution trend between fluid and liquid film is, the greater the variation trend of fluid parameters will be. By comparing the results of experiment and simulation, the consistent results are obtained.
Numerical Study on Successive Liquid Metal Alloy Droplet Depositions
Authors: Adaikalanathan Vimalan , Tong Albert Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Successive liquid metal alloy droplet impingements find extensive applications in additive manufacturing technologies and a detailed knowledge about the flow behavior, phase transformation and free surface deformation is required to have a complete understanding and optimization of the process parameters. Experimental research in this field is limited due to extremely small length and time scales involved. Numerical simulation of such process involves challenges like tracking deforming interfaces, modelling the successive droplets, surface tension, flow field and solidification. A non-isothermal enthalpy-based porosity model is used to numerically study the phase change characteristics of successive liquid metal droplet depositing onto a substrate. The flow governing equations are solved using the finite volume scheme. The Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) method is used to track the free surface and the surface tension is modelled using the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) method. The splat morphology, phase change characteristics and effects of various impact conditions on successive columnar droplet depositions are examined.
Finding the best fit: examining the decision-making of augmentative and alternative communication professionals in the UK using a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Webb Edward J D , Lynch Yvonne , Meads David , Judge Simon , Randall Nicola , Goldbart Juliet , Meredith Stuart , Moulam Liz , Hess Stephane , Murray Janice 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesMany children with varied disabilities, for example, cerebral palsy, autism, can benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems. However, little is known about professionals’ decision-making when recommending symbol based AAC systems for children. This study examines AAC professionals’ preferences for attributes of AAC systems and how they interact with child characteristics.DesignAAC professionals answered a discrete choice experiment survey with AAC system and child-related attributes, where participants chose an AAC system for a child vignette.SettingThe survey was administered online in the UK.Participants155 UK-based AAC professionals were recruited between 20 October 2017 and 4 March 2018.OutcomesThe study outcomes were the preferences of AAC professionals’ as quantified using a mixed logit model, with model selection performed using a step-wise procedure and the Bayesian Information Criterion.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in preferences for AAC system attributes, and large interactions were seen between child attributes included in the child vignettes, for example, participants made more ambitious choices for children who were motivated to communicate using AAC, and predicted to progress in skills and abilities. These characteristics were perceived as relatively more important than language ability and previous AAC experience.ConclusionsAAC professionals make trade-offs between attributes of AAC systems, and these trade-offs change depending on the characteristics of the child for whom the system is being provided.
Associations between shift work characteristics, shift work schedules, sleep and burnout in North American police officers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Peterson Scott A , Wolkow Alexander P , Lockley Steven W , O'Brien Conor S , Qadri Salim , Sullivan Jason P , Czeisler Charles A , Rajaratnam Shantha M W , Barger Laura K 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo examine associations between shift work characteristics and schedules on burnout in police and whether sleep duration and sleepiness were associated with burnout.MethodsPolice officers (n=3140) completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment) and self-reported shift schedules (irregular, rotating, fixed), shift characteristics (night, duration, frequency, work hours), sleep duration and sleepiness.ResultsIrregular schedules, long shifts (≥11 hours), mandatory overtime, short sleep and sleepiness were associated with increased risk of overall burnout in police. Police working a greater frequency of long shifts were more likely to have emotional exhaustion (adjusted OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.72) than those not working long shifts. Night shifts were associated with depersonalisation (1.32, 1.05 to 1.66) compared with not working nights. Police working mandatory overtime had increased risk of emotional exhaustion (1.37, 1.14 to 1.65) than those who did not. Compared with fixed schedules, irregular schedules were associated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation (1.91, 1.44 to 2.54 and 1.39, 1.02 to 1.89, respectively). Police sleeping <6 hours were more likely to have emotional exhaustion (1.60, 1.33 to 1.93) than those sleeping longer, and excessive sleepiness was associated with emotional exhaustion (1.81, 1.50 to 2.18).ConclusionsIrregular schedules and increased night shifts, sleep disturbances and work hours were related to higher burnout risk in police. Future research should evaluate work schedules in law enforcement that optimise shift duration and frequency, and increase consistency in scheduling and control over work hours to limit burnout in police.
Impact of legislative reform on benefit access and disability duration in workers’ compensation: an interrupted time series study
Authors: Collie Alex , Beck Dianne , Gray Shannon Elise , Lane Tyler Jeremiah 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of legislative changes to the New South Wales (NSW) workers’ compensation scheme on injured workers access to benefits, insurer claim processing and work disability duration.MethodsPopulation-based interrupted time series study of workers’ compensation claims made in NSW 2 years before and after legislative amendment in June 2012. Outcomes included incidence of accepted claims per 100 000 workers, the median and 75th percentile insurer decision time in days, and the median and 75th percentile of work disability duration in weeks. Effects were assessed relative to a comparator of seven other Australian workers’ compensation jurisdictions.Resultsn=1 069 231 accepted workers’ compensation claims were analysed. Claiming in NSW fell 15.3% following legislative reform, equivalent to 46.6 fewer claims per 100 000 covered workers per month. This effect was greater in time loss claims (17.3%) than medical-only claims (10.3%). Across models, there were consistent trend increases in insurer decision time. Median work disability duration increased following the legislative reform.ConclusionsThe observed reduction in access to benefits was consistent with the policy objective of improving the financial sustainability of the compensation scheme. However, this was accompanied by changes in other markers of performance that were unintended, and are suggestive of adverse health consequences of the reform. This study demonstrates the need for care in reform of workers’ compensation scheme policy.
Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance characteristics of Zn1−xVxO thin films above Mott critical density
Authors: Saha Debabrata 
Published: December 2019

Temperature-dependent (5–200 K) electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements were carried out on [Formula: see text] (x = 0.5–4 at.%) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The free electron concentration in the films was found to be in the range of [Formula: see text](1.7–4.7) [Formula: see text] which is much higher compared to the Mott critical density required for the onset of insulator-to-metal transition in ZnO. All the films exhibited small negative MR in the entire temperature and magnetic field range indicating weak-localization as the dominant effect. However, some unusual MR behavior was observed at 5 K for the film with highest static-disorder parameter. Such characteristics have been well-explained by considering the interplay of negative MR (arising due weak-localization and spin-disorder scattering) and positive MR (caused by s–d exchange interaction induced spin-splitting of the conduction band).
Fixed point theorem for set-valued mappings with new type of inequalities
Authors: Nguyen Luong V. , Phuong Luu T. 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we present a fixed point theorem for multivalued mappings satisfying new inequalities without using the Pompeiu–Hausdorff distance. The results generalize the famous Feng and Liu’s result [Feng and Liu, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 317 (2006) 103–112] and some known results in the literature. Some examples are given to illustrate our results.