bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yorum-Bağlam İlişkisi Bakımından Hutbelerde Hadis Kullanımı
Authors: ASAR Muhammet Ali 
Published: May 2020

Hutbe, Cuma ve bayram namazlarının gereklerinden olup, öğüt ve nasihat içeren konuşmadır. Hz. Peygamber’den günümüze îrâd edilmektedir. Ülkemizde son on yıldır Din Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü’nce hazırlanan hutbeler tüm cami ve mescitlerde okunmaktadır. Hutbeler başlık, serlevha bir ayet, bir hadis ve bu çerçevede inşa edilen metinden oluşmaktadır. Hutbenin serlevhasındaki rivayet metin içerisinde yorumlanmaktadır. Serlevha rivayetten hareket edilerek toplumsal mesajlar verilmekte, güncel olayların yorumlanmasında hadis rivayeti referans alınmaktadır. Serlevha hadisle hutbenin başlığının ve konusunun uyumu ve rivayetin bağlamı da gözetilerek doğru anlaşılması ve yorumlanması önem arz etmektedir. Rivayetin doğru anlaşılması ve yorumlanması noktasında en önemli kavram bağlamdır. Hadiste bağlam anlama faaliyetinin temelini oluşturur. Bağlam konuşanla dinleyen arasındaki iletişimi, ilişkiyi yer ve zaman perspektifiyle içerir. Buna konuşanın ve dinleyenin önyargı, görüş, kanaatleriyle, her türlü davranışları ve toplumsal özellikleri de eklenir. Bu çerçevede Hz. Peygamber’in sözlerini ve fillerini anlamak ve yorumlamak için içinde bulunduğu çevreyi, kültürel ortamı, ilk muhataplarını ve yaşadığı toplumun gerçeklerini tespit etmek zarurettir. Yani Hz. Peygamber’in sözlerini ve davranışlarını, bulunduğu ortam ve bu ortamın doğurduğu şartlar içerisinde ele almak gerekir.Bu makalede, serlevha hadislerin hutbe içinde yorumlanma biçimi ele alınmaktadır. Hutbenin serlevhasında yer alan hadisin yorumlanmasında özellikle hadis-bağlam ilişkisine ne kadar riayet edildiği, rivayetin yorumunun hadis rivayet ve yorum geleneğindeki anlaşılma ve yorumlanma şekliyle ne kadar örtüştüğü tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede şu somut sorulara cevap aranmaktadır. “Hutbelerin serlevhasındaki hadisler yorumlanırken rivayetin bağlamı dikkate alınmış mıdır?”, “Rivayet yorumlanırken geçmişten günümüze şerhlerle ilişki kurulmuş mudur?” Makalede, serlevha hadislerin yorumlanmasında; rivayetin tasnif edildiği konudaki diğer rivayetlerle ilişkisinin göz ardı edildiği, bağlamın dikkate alınmadığı, klasik ve modern şerhlerden istifade edilmediği ortaya konulmaktadır.
Belh Fukahâsının Yöneticilere Karşı Duruşları: Fezâil-i Belh Bağlamında
Authors: FURKANİ Mehterhan 
Published: May 2020

Birçok mezhep imamı, yöneticilerin çeşitli baskısı ve tehditlerine maruz kalmış, ancak doğru bildikleri yoldan ayrılmamamış ve kendi ilke ya da prensiplerinden vazgeçmememişlerdir. Ebû Hanife hapse atılmış ve bu sebeple vefat etmiştir. Malik b. Enes’e işkence uygulanmış ve kolunu kaybetmiştir. Muhammed b. İdris eş-Şafiî’nin çeşitli tehditlerle karşı karşıya kaldığı, muhtelif yerlere sürgün edildiği veya yer değiştirmek zorunda bırakıldığı bilinmektedir. Ahmet b. Hanbel de diğer imamlar gibi birçok sıkıntılarla karşılaşmıştır. Benzer şekilde Belh şehrinin fukahâsına baktığımızda da aynı davranışları sergilemeye devam ettiklerini, adil yöneticilerle iç içe olduklarını, yönetimde kadı ve müftü olarak çalışmalarına rağmen yeri geldiğinde yönetimle mesafe koyduklarını, hakkı ve doğruyu söyleme ya da savunma konusunda yöneticilerin baskı ve tehditlerine asla boyun eğmediklerini görmekteyiz. Makalemizde “Fezâil-i Belh” adlı eserde yer alan rivayetleri esas alarak hicri 7. asrın başına kadar Belh şehrinde doğmuş, yaşamış veya bu şehre nispet edilmiş âlimlerin yöneticilere karşı örnek davranışlarından bazılarını ele alacağız. Konunun- istisnaları bulunsa da- genel itibarıyla fıkıh âlimlerinin ictihâd yaparken kimsenin etkisi altında kalmadıklarına bir örnek teşkil etmesi açısından önemli olduğunu düşünüyoruz. Hanefî mezhebinin önemli bir merkezi ve ayağı konumunda bulunan, fıkıh ve fukahâ şehri adıyla meşhur olan Belh, aynı zamanda idari açıdan da birçok hükümete başkentlik yapmıştır. Mezkur özelliklere haiz Belh şehrinin âlimlerini ve onların örnek davranışlarını konu alan birtakım anekdotlara yer vereceğiz.
ADDITION OF PUMPKIN PEEL FLOUR AFFECT PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF BOVINE BURGER
Authors: Hartmann Giovanna Luiza , Marconato Allana Mariny , Romeiro Santos Mirelly Marques , Do Amaral Luane Aparecida , Dos Santos Elisvânia Freitas , Novello Daiana 
Published: May 2020

The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of the addition of pumpkin peel flour (PPF) on physicochemical, cooking and sensory characteristics of bovine burger. Five hamburgers were formulated: F1 - standard (0% PPF) and the others added 1% (F2), 2% (F3), 3% (F4) and 4% (F5) of PPF. The PPF was characterized by high contents of minerals, carbohydrate and dietary fiber, which improved nutritional profile of hamburger. There was an increase on cooking yield, moisture retention and reduction of shrinkage and fat retention, as the level of PPF addition increased. The incorporation of PPF at 3% and 4% in the product increased significantly (p<0.05) the values of L*, a* and b*. Similar acceptability to the standard sample was verified on products with addition of up to 3% PPF. All formulations showed an acceptability index greater than 70%.
Thus PPF is a potential ingredient for the formulation of bovine burger to improve its nutritional and technological properties without modification of the sensorial characteristics.
WUHAN COVID-19 SYNTHETIC ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION
Authors: PEREZ Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2020

The main result of this updated release is the formal proof that 2019-nCoV coronavirus is partially a SYNTHETIC genome. We proof the CONCENTRATION in a small région of wuhan New genome (300bp) of 3 different régions from HIV1 ENVELOPPE gene and 3 others from HIV2 and SIV (ENV and POL RT). All this is remarkable and bears the mark of a desire for organization of a human nature: LOGIC, SYMETRIES.
In this article, we demonstrate also that there is a kind of global human hosts adaptation strategy of SARS viruses as well as a strategy of global evolution of the genomes of the different strains of SARS which have emerged, mainly in China, between years 2003 first SARS genomes and the last 2019 COVID-19 Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus isolate Wuhan-Hu-1, complete genome.
This global strategy, this temporal link, is materialized in our demonstration by highlighting stationary numerical waves controlling the entire sequence of their genomes.
Curiously, these digital waves characterizing the 9 SARS genomes studied here are characteristic whole numbers: the "Fibonacci numbers", omnipresent in the forms of Nature, and which our research for several decades has shown strong links with the proportions of nucleotides in DNA.
Here we demonstrate that the complexity and fractal multiplicity of these Fibonacci numerical waves increases over the years of the emergence of new SARS strains.
We suggest that this increase in the overall organization of the SARS genomes over the years reflects a better adaptation of SARS genomes to the human host.
The question of a link with pathogenicity remains open.
However, we believe that this overall strategy for the evolution of the SARS genomes ensures greater unity, consistency and integrity of the genome.
Finally, we ask ourselves the question of a possible artificial origin of this genome, in particular because of the presence of fragments of HIV1, HIV2 and SIV retroviruses.
PROFIL DARAH IKAN KAKAP PUTIH YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Vibrio sp. DENGAN PEMBERIAN LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe Vera)
Authors: Novita  , Setyowati Dewi Nur’aeni , Astriana Baiq Hilda 
Published: May 2020

Ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan konsumsi yang cukup populer di Indonesia.. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam usaha budidaya ikan kakap putih yaitu adanya serangan penyakit. Salah satu penyakit yang menyerang ikan air laut adalah bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Lidah buaya mengandung beberapa bahan therapeutic penting. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera) dalam pakan terhadap penambahan total sel darah merah, sel darah putih, kadar hemoglobin, diferensial leukosit dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan kakap putih dan untuk mengetahui dosis ekstak lidah buaya (Aloe vera) yang paling baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan sehingga memperoleh 18 unit percobaan. Perlakuan P0: 0 ml ekstrak /500 g pakan, P1: 10 ml ekstrak /500 g pakan, P2: 20 ml ekstrak /500 g pakan, P3: 40 ml ekstrak /500 g pakan, P4: 60 ml ekstrak /500 g pakan, P5: 100 ml ekstrak /500 g pakan.Data hasil pengamatan sel darah putih, sel darah merah, diferensial leukosit serta tingkat kelangsungan hidup diuji menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey pada taraf nyata 5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata (p<0.05) terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, leukosit, sel limfosit, sel neutrofil, tetapi memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap jumlah leukosit, jumlah monosit dan tingkat kealngsungan hidup ikan kakap putih.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NIRA AREN (Arenga pinnata) TERHADAP SINTASAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN LARVA IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forskal)
Authors: Gusmi Diaz Asa , Diniarti Nanda , Mukhlis Alis 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi nira aren (Arenga pinnata) terhadap sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos Forskal) dan mendapatkan konsentrasi nira terbaik untuk sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva ikan bandeng. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen yang dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas empat perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu penambahan nira ke dalam media pemeliharaan larva dengan konsentrasi 2,4 ml/l, konsentrasi 4,8 ml/l, konsentrasi 7,2 ml/l dan tanpa penambahan nira (0 ml/l) sebagai kontrol. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Budidaya Laut Sekotong, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat selama 30 hari mulai dari tanggal 31 Agustus 2019 – 24 September 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nira ke dalam media pemeliharaan larva ikan bandeng memberikan pengaruh yang nyata pada sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva ikan bandeng (Fhit> Ftab 5%). Sintasan larva, laju pertumbuhan spesifik harian bobot tubuh dan pertumbuhan mutlak panjang total larva tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan konsentrasi nira 7,2 ml/l dengan nilai masing-masing parameter yaitu 67,85%, 15,25% per hari dan 9,05 mm selama 18 hari pemeliharaan. Ketiga parameter pada perlakuan konsentrasi ini tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata dengan perlakuan konsentrasi nira 4,8 ml/l dan 2,4 ml/l namun berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan kontrol (0 ml/l). Disarankan untuk menerapkan penambahan nira dalam media pemeliharaan larva ikan bandeng dengan konsentrasi maksimum 7,2 ml/l. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang peningkatan konsentrasi nira di atas 7,2 ml/l pada media pemeliharaan larva ikan bandeng untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi yang optimum bagi sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva ikan bandeng.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Pemecahan Masalah Terhadap Motivasi Berprestasi dan Prestasi Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas VIII MTs. Mu'allimat NW Pancor
Authors: Mulianingsih RR. Sri Setyawati , Zidni Zidni 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran Pemecahan masalah terhadap motivasi berprestasi dan prestasi belajar IPS. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MTs. Mu'allimat NW Pancor dengan menguunakan post-test control group design, yang hanya memperhitungkan skor post test. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan model pembelajaran Pemecahan masalah dan variabel terikatnya adalah motivasi berprestasi dan prestasi belajar IPS. Instrumen berupa kuisioner motivasi berprestasi dan prestasi belajar IPS. Sampel Penelitian berjumlah 30 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 30 sebagai kelompok kontrol yang diambil secara acak. Data yang diperoleh dari kuisioner dan tes tersebut selanjutnya ditabulasi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok peserta didik yang mengikuti pelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Pemecahan masalah (kelompok eksperimen) dan kelompok peserta didik yang mengikuti pelajaran IPS tanpa menggunakan konvenional (kelompok kontrol). Setelah uji asumsi analisis ini terpenuhi barulah pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Uji Manova. Hasil analisis pada penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: hasil belajar kelompok peserta didik yang mengikuti pelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Pemecahan masalah (kelompok eksperimen) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok peserta didik yang mengikuti pelajaran IPS yang menggunakan konvensional atau tanpa model pembelajalaran Pemecahan masalah. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajarlan Pemecahan masalah memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap motivasi berprestasi dan prestasi belajar IPS pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Mu'allimat NW Pancor.
Perjuangan Gender dalam Kajian Sejarah Wanita Indonesia Pada Abad XIX
Authors: Amar Syahrul 
Published: May 2020

Pergerakan kaum perempuan Indonesia pada abad XIX tentunya dengan menyoroti pergerakan wanita dalam bidang pendidikan, yang merupakan pondasi dasar munculnya gender di Indonesia. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut dalam skripsi ini dijelaskan pemaparan mengenai munculnya gender di indonesia, serta deskripsi doktrin dari gender itu sendiri terhadap kajian sejarah wanita tentunya dalam bidang pendidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah. Untuk mendapatkan data yang valid, maka ada beberapa teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, diantaranya: (1) heuristik (pengumpulan sumber), (2) kritik sumber (verifikasi), (3) interpretasi (penafsiran), dan (4) historiografi (penulisan). Pergerakan kaum perempuan Indonesia dalam bidang pendidikan tidak terlepas dari kondisi budaya masyarakat pada masa tradisional dan masa kolonial. Adanya persepsi masyarakat yang menganggap perempuan sebagai the second sex membuat ruang gerak kaum perempuan sangat terbatas. Kaum perempuan merasakan ketidakadilan yang dilakukan budaya masyarakat pada waktu itu. Untuk itulah terjadi pemberontakan kaum perempuan untuk menghancurkan ketidakadilan yang disebabkan oleh budayanya sendiri. RA Kartini dan Dewi Sartika muncul sebagai pelopor emansipasi wanita dalam pendidikan yang merupakan gambaran pemberontakan terhadap budaya tersebut.
Kepercayaan Aik Mel-Mel Pada Masyarakat Desa Tebaban Kecamatan Suralaga Kabupaten Lombok Timur (Suatu Kajian Sosial Historis)
Authors: Zidni Zidni 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejarah, bentuk pelaksanaan dan pandangan Islam terhadap peraktik Aik Mel-Mel di desa Tebaban Kecamatan Suralaga Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yakni prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriftif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang dan prilaku yang dapat diamati. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa lahir dan berkembangnya kepercayaan Aik Mel-Mel sejak tahun 1930 hingga sekarang. Di pulau Lombok pada umumnya dan desa Tebaban khususnya berawal dari kebudayaan Bali. kebudayaan ini masih primitive, percaya pada sesuatu mengandung kekuatan-kekuatan gaib diluar akal dan kemampuan manusia. Bentuk kepercayaan Aik Mel-Mel merupakan persenyawaan dari kepercayaan animisme yakni, memedan atau ketemuk ( ketemuk pada roh nenek moyang yang sudah meninggal dunia dan pedan pada benda-benda yang dikeramatkan).
Produksi Ekstrak Bioaktif Untuk Aditif Pangan Dari Limbah Kulit Buah Naga: Pengaruh Metode Pre-Treatment Dan Ekstraksi
Authors: Shofinita Dian , Bindar Yazid , Jaelawijaya Arwinda Aprillia , Harimawan Ardiyan , Fawwaz Mifta 
Published: May 2020

Dragon fruit is one of the tropical fruits can be grown in Indonesia. The skin of dragon fruit, which is accounted for 30-35% of the whole fruit usually thrown away as waste. This study aims to produce a bioactive extract from extraction of dragon fruit skin that is rich in phenolic and pigment compounds then it used as food additives. The variation that was used in this study includes the application of drying as pre-treatment of dragon fruit skin and the extraction methods (maceration and Soxhlet extraction). The obtained extracts were evaluated for the amount of total phenolic compounds and pigments (anthocyanin and betacyanin). Drying of dragon fruit skin was found to yield lower amounts of bioactive materials, which may occur due to the thermal degradation even though a low drying temperature was used. In addition, the maceration method was found to give a higher amount of bioactive materials compared with the Soxhlet method. The extraction with the highest yield of bioactive materials was obtained by the use of fresh dragon fruit skin and maceration for 240 minutes, which gave amounts of anthocyanin, betacyanin, and total phenolic compounds of 0.08, 0.04, dan 0.35 mg/g fresh dragon fruit skin, respectively.
Variasi Jarak Antar Layer Bentonit Pada Pembuatan Nanokomposit Pla-Bentonit Sebagai Kemasan Makanan
Authors: Wonoputri Vita , Emanuella Natasha , Angelica Evelyn , Sitompul Johnner 
Published: May 2020

In this study, bentonite was used as a filler in the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposite. The mechanical property of PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite was treated using two different surfactants, namely octadecyl amine (ODA) and trimethyl stearyl ammonium chloride (TSC) at two different concentration (20 mmol and 40 mmol). The treatments of ODA and TSC in the matrix with regards to the basal spacing of bentonite stacks measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed a significant increase in basal spacing was obtained when TSC 40 was applied for treatment. Data of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that this increase was caused by the incorporation of surfactant into the bentonite stacks. Most of the PLA-Bentonite nanocomposite can form intercalation structure, while a sample containing TSC 40 formed exfoliation structure. This exfoliation structure resulted in a film with the best tensile strength and water vapor permeability compared to the others. The film containing TSC 40 showed the lowest reduction in water activity, almost similar to the bread sample wrapped using conventional plastic. The bread wrapped with TSC 40 film was not grown by fungi as opposed to the conventional plastic, showing the potential of the nanocomposite film as food packaging.
PENGGUNAAN MODEL RASCH UNTUK ANALISIS INSTRUMEN TES PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA AKTUARIA
Authors: Azizah Azizah , Wahyuningsih Sapti 
Published: June 2020

This research was conducted to analyze the test instruments used to measure the ability of students in actuarial mathematics courses in mathematics department, State University of Malang. Participants in this course consist of 40 students. The form of questions given were multiple choice questions totaling 50 items related to the premium calculation material on life insurance. The Rasch model is used to get fit items. This analysis is carried out with the help of Winsteps software. From the Winsteps program output, 25 items were obtained fit to the Rasch model with an average MNSQ Outfit score for person and item 0.98 and 0.98, respectively. While the Outfit ZSTD value for person and item are 0 and -0.01 respectively. While the reliability of the instrument stated in alpha cronbach is 0.85
Effect of Exercise Duration Toward Heart Rate Recovery in Elderly
Authors: Mahassa Arie Ramdhiani , Akbar Mohammad Rizki , Sari Sri Yusnita Irda 
Published: May 2020

Background: Age-related change in autonomic nerves covers parasympathetic function decrease that hampers heart rate (HR) control. The effective attempt to improve autonomic nervous function for elderly is routine exercise, however exercise duration among elderly is not always standardized. This study is aimed to compare the effect of different exercise duration to post-exercise Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) between two elderly groups with the same frequency, intensity, type criteria of routine exercise.
Method: Method was cross-sectional study which compared exercise duration of standardized group (3x90 minutes/week) and unstandardized group (3x30 minutes/week). Group 1 was elders with standardized duration from Healthy Heart Club and Group 2 was elders who take unstandardized duration from Elderly Home in Bandung city. Each group consisted of 43 elders and data were collected in July-August 2019. After one hour of medium intensity exercise, all respondents were examined for resting HR (HRrest), maximum HR (HRmax), one minute post-exercise HR, and four minutes post-exercise HR. HRR was obtained by subtracting HRmax by one minute post-exercise HR and normal if > 12 bpm. Analysis data was done by SPSS with Mann-Whitney U Test, Fisher Chi Square and Logistic regression.
Result: Most of respondents were 60-69 years old and female. Respondents in unstandardized group were more low education, hypertension and smoking. The HRrest of both groups was categorized as normal but increased greater (30x/min) in standardized group. The result showed a significant difference in comparation of median HRR (p=0.001) and number of normal and abnormal HRR (p=0.001) between both groups. Gender, smoking and standardized duration of exercise associated with abnormality of HRR, elders who take unstandardized duration have 12.7 times risk to get abnormal HRR.
Conclusion: Routine exercise for elderly is recommended in standardized duration with minimal 150 minutes per week in order to increase post-exercise HRR.
Cardiac Patients for Non-Cardiac Surgery: Anesthetic Considerations in Patients with Permanent Pacemaker
Authors: Oktavia Eva 
Published: May 2020

Permanent pacemaker (PPM) are being used in greater frequency in managing patients with electrophysiology disorders. These patients can be presented for either cardiac or non-cardiac surgery after their device implantation. They also will undergo either general or regional anesthesia to facilitate the surgical procedure. As an anesthesiologist, understanding patientsâ€™ condition, pacemaker care and safe anesthetic technique of choice are very important to provide safe patient management. Therefore, this literature reviewed and summarized a systematic approach which can be followed in managing these patients.
Various approach and guidelines have been discussed in the literature on how to manage patients with PPM who will undergo anesthesia. In this literature, the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) standard was used as a framework for managing patients with PPM. Meanwhile, the decision of anesthesia technique that being chosen should be based on patientsâ€™ clinical condition, the surgical procedure itself, the duration of surgery, and the convenience of the surgeon.
Overall, patients with PPM require special attention in perioperative management. Both anticipations of the patientâ€™s condition and the performance of PPM must always be considered to provide safe anesthesia practice.