bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Interstate and European Conflict of Laws from a Constitutional Perspective: Can the United States Inspire the European Union?
Authors: Meeusen Johan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The still-recent process of Europeanization and constitutionalization of conflict of laws in the European Union can benefit in some respects from a comparison, from a constitutional perspective, with interstate conflict of laws in the United States. The quasi-absence of federal choice-of-law rules, the Supreme Court’s approach of minimal constitutional constraints to choice of law and the focus of U.S. interstate conflicts law on substantive policies and interests stand out as three major differences from the development of EU conflict of laws. Learning from the American experience and taking into account the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the requirements of subsidiarity and proportionality, the EU legislature should be open, in particularly sensitive areas, to the recognition method as an alternative to the unification of choice-of-law rules. Neither the Supreme Court’s minimal constraints doctrine nor its prioritization of individual-fairness concerns over federal interests should be followed in Europe. Although it recognizes that conflict of laws can contribute in different ways to the European general interest, the Treaty of Lisbon has set up a rather disappointing framework to that effect. Amendments and clarifications are needed to enable EU conflict of laws to fulfill its ambitions and really contribute to the EU’s quasi-federal integration process.
The Anatomy and Clinical Application of Preorbital Septum Fiber
Authors: Zhao Jingyi , Guo Xiaoshuang , Lai Chenzhi , Zhang Dong , Du Hong , Yang Changsheng , Yue Yingying , Jin Xiaolei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
In patients with mild superior sulcus deformity, pseudoptosis, or multiple eyelid folds, several bulky fibers can be found anterior to the orbital septum. These fibers, called preorbital septum fibers, may constrict protrusion of the fat pad and movement of the levator palpebrae muscle.

Objectives
In this study, the authors illustrated the anatomy of these fibers and described the double-eyelid procedure to correct pseudoptosis, mild superior sulcus deformity, and multiple eyelid folds, which may be caused by these fibers.

Methods
The bulky preorbital septum fibers were dissected and severed during upper blepharoplasty to release the orbital septum fat pad and levator palpebrae muscle. This procedure was performed between January 2016 and January 2018 in 56 patients with distinct preorbital septum fibers.

Results
Of the 56 patients, 38 displayed mild to moderate upper eyelid depression and multiple eyelids, and 18 displayed pseudoptosis. Bulky fibers that existed in the superficial layer of the orbital septum were all dissected and removed. After 6 months’ recovery, the superior sulcus deformity improved in all patients. No recurrence of multiple eyelids was observed. Patients with pseudoptosis showed a notable release of their upper eyelids.

Conclusions
This is the first time to our knowledge that the preorbital septum fibers are described as a distinct anatomical structure. They are clinically important in upper eyelid anatomy and the improvement of sunken upper eyelids or pseudoptosis. The combination of blepharoplasty with release of these fibers is easy to perform and promote.

Level of Evidence: 4
High Definition Liposculpture in Male Patients Using Reciprocating Power-Assisted Liposuction Technology: Techniques and Results in a Prospective Study
Authors: Saad Ahmad N , Pablo Arbelaez Juan , De Benito Javier 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
High-definition liposculpture (HDL) consists of techniques developed to emulate an athletic and attractive surface anatomy.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe our experience, including techniques and postoperative outcomes, when performing HDL with power-assisted liposuction (PAL) technology in male patients.

Methods
In this prospective study PAL was used for fat extraction and to perform HDL. Intraoperative data were collected and the techniques used were recorded. Postoperatively, photographs were taken, and data were collected regarding the use of compression garments and pain medication, return to work and full activity, and satisfaction levels.

Results
All patients were males, with an average age of 32.3 years and a body mass index of 26.45 kg/m2; the follow-up period averaged 7.6 months. Intraoperatively, all patients received HDL of the chest, abdomen, back, and upper arms, and fat transfer to the chest. The average operative time was 3.4 hours. None of patients had drains left intraoperatively. Postoperatively, all patients were completely off their pain medications by postoperative day 9. They received, on average, 3.7 sessions of lymphatic massage and wore compression garments for an average of 3 weeks. They returned to work 6.1 days after surgery and were back to full activity in 3.2 weeks. Minor complications were reported in 2 patients. Patient satisfaction was on average 9.8 (on a scale of 1-10) at 6 months.

Conclusions
HDL with PAL technology is a safe procedure that delivers reproducible natural-looking results with high patient satisfaction rates, low risk of complications, and a relatively short and tolerable recovery process.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Dissolution of the Hong Kong National Party: Constitutionality under the ‘Militant Democracy’ Theory
Authors: Jing Qin , Qingfeng Zhou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The unprecedented dissolution of the Hong Kong National Party, a localist political party advocating the independence of Hong Kong from China, has given rise to a constitutional dispute over the competing principles of protecting national security and upholding freedom of association. This article first analyses the theory of ‘militant democracy’, which refers to a form of constitutional democracy authorized to protect civil and political freedom by pre-emptively restricting the exercise of such freedoms, as applied in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It argues that a pre-emptive ban on a party can be justified by a government if the party pursues undemocratic aims or employs violence or incitement to violence to achieve its political goals. This article then assesses the constitutionality of the dissolution of the Hong Kong National Party in light of the theory of ‘militant democracy’ and submits that such a theory should equally apply to Hong Kong, allowing the government to act in a militant manner to dissolve any political parties such as the Hong Kong National Party if they have incited or resorted to violence to pursue their political agenda.
Closing the Broadband Gap: A Technology-Based Student and Family Engagement Program
Authors: Ball Annahita , Skrzypek Candra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis pilot study explored a technology-based intervention aimed at increasing student and family engagement in school, using a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design. All fourth- and fifth-grade students participated in a classroom-based one-to-one program; some students also received take-home tablets and broadband access. Student surveys assessed behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement and academic motivation. Parent surveys assessed perceptions of school support, empowerment in schools, and overall experiences in schools. Teachers participated in a focus group to share their impressions of the program. Results showed that affective engagement and academic motivation decreased for all students, with no differences between the intervention and comparison groups. Parents in the intervention group reported greater perceptions of school support but no significant differences or changes in empowerment or overall school experiences. Students, parents, and teachers all reported positive experiences with the program. Findings point to the ways varying contexts may influence engagement in school.
Next-generation technologies for studying host–pathogen interactions: a focus on dual transcriptomics, CRISPR/Cas9 screening and organs-on-chips
Authors: Baddal Buket 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Pathogens constantly interact with their hosts and the environment, and therefore have evolved unique virulence mechanisms to target and breach host defense barriers and manipulate host immune response to establish an infection. Advances in technologies that allow genome mining, gene editing such as CRISPR/Cas9, genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic studies such as dual RNA-seq, coupled with bioinformatics, have accelerated the field of host–pathogen interactions within a broad range of infection models. Underpinning of the molecular changes that accompany invasion of eukaryotic cells with pathogenic microorganisms at the intersection of host, pathogen and their local environment has provided a better understanding of infectious disease mechanisms and antimicrobial strategies. The recent evolution of physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3-D) tissue/organ models and microfluidic organ-on-chip devices also provided a window to a more predictive framework of infectious disease processes. These approaches combined hold the potential to highly impact discovery of novel drug targets and vaccine candidates of the future. Here, we review three of the available and emerging technologies—dual RNA-seq, CRISPR/Cas9 screening and organs-on-chips, applicable to the high throughput study and deciphering of interaction networks between pathogens and their hosts that are critical for the development of novel therapeutics.
Archives, Museums and Sacred Storage: Dealing with the Afterlife of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
Authors: Milton Cynthia E , Reynaud Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract∞
The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) acquired over 1,200 material submissions through the gifts it received at its events. Though other TRCs mention objects in their records, the gift-giving practice that became central to TRC events in Canada was unprecedented, and so is its large collection of TRC-gifted objects today. The Canadian TRC is thus unique and faces the challenges of categorizing, preserving, displaying and honouring these material artefacts. What has been the post-TRC life of these objects and art pieces? What is their role in creating a collective memory of residential schools and how might they promote reconciliation? This article shows that the post-TRC life of the objects opens up new museological spaces and practices through the ways the objects are curated (or not) for remembering and learning about residential schools according to Indigenous protocols and ways of thinking and feeling.
Reply – 313 Dermatome-Induced Lacerations: Incidence, Management and Preventative Measures. April 2018, Volume 39, Issue Suppl 1, Page S126
Authors: Nassar Mahmoud K , Jordan Daniel J , Quaba Omar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We would like to suggest the use of a simple and relevant mnemonic (‘STSG’) for the safe use of powered dermatomes to harvest split thickness skin grafts. Safety checklists have been shown to be effective tools for improving patient safety in various clinical settings by improving compliance with good practice and reducing the incidence of adverse events.
The influence of Geant4-DNA toolkit parameters on electron microdosimetric track structure
Authors: Wang Yidi , Li Zhanpeng , Zhang Shuyuan , Tang Wei , Li Xiang , Chen Dandan , Sun Liang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The influence of different physical process factors on tracks of low-energy electrons in liquid water was analyzed and evaluated based on the Geant4-DNA toolkit of Geant4 version 10.4, and it provides theoretical support for obtaining the basic parameters of microdosimetry concerned with radiotherapy and radiation protection. According to the characteristics of different models, five physics constructors of Geant4-DNA toolkit were selected to simulate monoenergetic electrons in microscopic scale. Details of track structure of different Geant4-DNA physics constructors were compared, including total number of interaction processes, number and energy percentage of excitation and ionization; analyzing the impacts of mean lineal energy of several factors, including Geant4-DNA physics constructors, initial energy, radius of scoring spheres, interaction processes and cut-off energy. Firstly, ‘G4EmDNAPhysics’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘dna’) is well consistent with ‘G4EmDNAPhysics_option 2’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘option 2’), and ‘G4EmDNAPhysics_option 4’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘option 4’) is well consistent with ‘G4EmDNAPhysics_option 5’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘option 5’); secondly, there are differences for the information of track structure and mean lineal energy between ‘option 2’ ‘option 4’ and ‘G4EmDNAPhysics_option 6’ (hereinafter referred to as ‘option 6’); thirdly, the influence of the model on the mean lineal energy decreases with the increase of the radius of the scoring spheres, whereas mean lineal energy increases as the tracking cut increases. Several alternative discrete physics constructors of Geant4-DNA are comprehensively discussed overlaying multiple perspectives under different conditions in this work.
Isolated pneumomediastinum following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a rare complication
Authors: Kostis Minas , Patriarcheas Vasileios , Apergis Stamatios , Leontis Michail , Panayiotakopoulos George 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Development of postoperative pneumomediastinum is one of the most infrequent complications of laparoscopic procedures. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman who developed pneumomediastinum consequently to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient was treated conservatively and was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. Early detection of this condition, differential diagnosis and careful monitoring of the patient are important, as it may lead to severe consequences, including the life-threatening tension pneumomediastinum.
Clinical SAQs for the Final FRCEM
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Clinical SAQs for the Final FRCEM contains over 200 Short Answer Questions mapped to the Royal College of Emergency Medicine curriculum. Designed specifically to reflect the examination format, each question is supported by a detailed model answer, acting as both a high yield revision guide and as a template for answering similar questions on exam day. Fifty questions are illustration-based including radiology, ultrasound, and ECGs, allowing candidates to practise typical questions in this clinical exam. Further reading directs candidates to guidelines and articles for additional learning and preparation. Written by a team including successful candidates and a senior consultant, Clinical SAQs for the Final FRCEM holds the key to passing the exam.
Care of the Elderly
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on the care of older people contains five clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and resources for further reading. Conditions such as delirium, falls, reduced mobility, elder abuse, and pressure ulcers can all result in a trip to the emergency department for those who are elderly, and it will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The materials in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Metabolic Conditions
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on metabolic emergencies contains seven clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of altered metabolism that may present in the emergency department include hypokalaemia, acute kidney injury, anion gap, and exercise-induced hyponatraemia, among others. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Paediatrics
Authors: Banerjee Ashis , Jafar Anisa J. N. , Mukherjee Angshuman , Solomonides Christian , Witt Erik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter on paediatrics contains 17 clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms arising in paediatric patients who may present in the emergency department include croup, gastroenteritis, seizure, chicken pox, and type 1 diabetes mellitus among others. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.
Spinning vortex braneworld
Authors: Sakamura Yutaka 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A spinning vortex is considered in the context of the braneworld. We numerically analyze the profiles of a stationary solution in a 6D U(1) gauge theory, and clarify their dependence on the angular velocity in the field space $\omega$$. We find that there is an upper limit on $\omega$$, and the vortex configuration should be parametrized by the angular momentum rather than $\omega$$. We also discuss matter modes localized on the vortex. We show that the vortex spin mixes the Kaluza–Klein (KK) masses and induces nonvanishing masses to the zero-modes. It also resolves the degeneracy in the KK spectrum that the static vortex had.
The Aesthetics of Mental Illness in Defoe’s Crusoe Trilogy
Authors: Thell Anne M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This essay studies Robinson Crusoe’s ‘chronical Distemper’ of wanderlust in the context of early eighteenth-century concepts of mental illness, which often hinge on unruly passions and, even more specifically, an overactive imagination. Defoe describes Crusoe’s insatiable urge to ramble as a type of insanity that is rooted in fancy, not reason, yet simultaneously indicates that the expression of this impulse differentiates his character and generates magnificent gains. Although at odds with religious and medical warnings about the dangers of excessive passion, then, Defoe suggests that Crusoe’s ‘unconquerable’ wanderlust is a beneficial kind of madness that counteracts idleness and cements his distinctly English, merchant capitalist identity. More largely, the Crusoe trilogy as a whole contributes to early novelistic discourse by aligning mental illness, self-analysis, and the production of narrative, thereby stitching together evolving concepts of the human mind and literary form.
Transcriptional Profiling of the Murine Airway Response to Acute Ozone Exposure
Authors: Tovar Adelaide , Smith Gregory J , Thomas Joseph M , Crouse Wesley L , Harkema Jack R , Kelada Samir N P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ambient ozone (O3) exposure has serious consequences on respiratory health, including airway inflammation and injury. Decades of research have yielded thorough descriptions of these outcomes; however, less is known about the molecular processes that drive them. The aim of this study was to further describe the cellular and molecular responses to O3 exposure in murine airways, with a particular focus on transcriptional responses in 2 critical pulmonary tissue compartments: conducting airways (CA) and airway macrophages (AM). After exposing adult, female C57BL/6J mice to filtered air, 1 or 2 ppm O3, we assessed hallmark responses including airway inflammation (cell counts and cytokine secretion) and injury (epithelial permeability), followed by gene expression profiling of CA and AM by RNA-seq. As expected, we observed concentration-dependent increases in airway inflammation and injury. Conducting airways and AM both exhibited changes in gene expression to both 1 and 2 ppm O3 that were largely compartment-specific. In CA, genes associated with epithelial barrier function, detoxification processes, and cellular proliferation were altered, while O3 affected genes involved in innate immune signaling, cytokine production, and extracellular matrix remodeling in AM. Further, CA and AM also exhibited notable differences in concentration–response expression patterns for large numbers of genes. Overall, our study has described transcriptional responses to acute O3 exposure, revealing both shared and unique gene expression patterns across multiple concentrations of O3 and in 2 important O3-responsive tissues. These profiles provide broad mechanistic insight into pulmonary O3 toxicity, and reveal a variety of targets for focused follow-up studies.
The out-of-India hypothesis: evidence from an ancient centipede genus, Rhysida (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) from the Oriental Region, and systematics of Indian species
Authors: Joshi Jahnavi , Karanth Praveen K , Edgecombe Gregory D 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Oriental Region has been a focus of biogeographical research for more than two centuries. We examined systematics and biogeography of the centipede genus Rhysida in this region. A robust species hypothesis for the Indian subcontinental and Southeast Asian Rhysida clade uses molecular, morphological and distribution data. Twelve species are recognized in two monophyletic species complexes, eight belonging to the Rhysida immarginata and four to the Rhysida longipes species complex. They include Rhysida aspinosa, Rhysida crassispina, R. immarginata, R. longipes and seven new species, five of which are formally named in this paper: Rhysida ikhalama, Rhysida konda, Rhysida lewisi, Rhysida pazhuthara and Rhysida sada The nine Rhysida species are documented taxonomically and their morphological variation is reviewed. An integrative systematic approach reveals that diversity of Rhysida in the Indian subcontinent has been underestimated. Both species complexes started to diversify in the Early to Late Cretaceous in the Indian subcontinent. The out-of-India hypothesis is supported in both clades, because Southeast Asian species are nested in Indian subcontinental clades. Historical biogeographical analyses suggest two independent post-collision dispersal events, one in the immarginata clade and another where R. longipes expanded its range into Southeast Asia.