bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF WORD FORMATION PROCESSES OF INDONESIAN SLANG WORDS
Authors: Sahardin Rosnani , Hudiya Syarifah , Abdul Samad Iskandar 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to find out the slang word-formation processes uttered by Kasino, the main character in the movie. Slang also underwent some processes in general word-formation.
Methodology: The research method of this study was descriptive qualitative with content analysis. Content analysis is one of the types of qualitative research that focuses on analyzing recorded data and interpreting recorded material to learn human behavior. The data for this qualitative research were collected from the utterances produced by Kasino which contain slang words. They were obtained by watching the movie and transcribing the movie script. To analyze the processes of slang word-formation, this study consulted Mattiello’s (2008) theory.
Main Findings: From the analysis, this study found 11 slangs of compounding, 16 slang of prefixation, 19 slang of suffixation, 9 slang of conversion, 9 slang of reduplicative, 2 slangs of acronym and initialism, 6 slangs of blending, 13 slangs of clipping, 98 slangs of variation, and 2 slangs of word manufactured and fanciful formation from the total of 186 data.
Application of this study: The finding of this research contributes theoretically and practically for the sociolinguistic and morphology area of slang words. Theoretically, this research is expected to enrich the understanding of sociolinguistic and morphology studies, especially in slang word-formation. Practically, this research is expected to give a relevant answer into the gap based on the lack of slang word and the slang word-formation existed in Indonesian comedy movies.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The different types of word-formation processes found in this research can assist readers and other researchers on the Indonesian slang word-formation processes.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL THROUGH REFLECTIVE JOURNAL: A STUDY AT A SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN ACEH
Authors: Miftahul Jannah Dina , Usman Bustami , Daud Bukhari , Muslem Asnawi , Abdul Samad Iskandar 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to find out whether there is any significant difference between the students who are trained through reflective journal writing and those who are not trained through reflective journal writing. It also wanted to know students’ responses toward reflective journal writing the implementation. Methodology: The methodology of this study is an experimental research which used a quasi-experimental design. Quasi-experimental research is used to know the differences between classes that are given training and classes that are not given. The research design used in this study is the non-equivalent control group design. In this research, there were two classes taken as samples, namely experimental group and control group which consisted of 30 students of each group. The author used tests (pre-test and post-test) and questionnaire as the instruments to collect the data. The quantitative data was obtained from the result of pre-test and post-test scores of students’ writing in experimental and control groups. Then both scores were analysed through the SPSS program to calculate t-test. Main Findings: The findings of the research showed that the mean score of post-test of the experimental group 76.73 is higher than the mean score of control class 63.10. Furthermore, the result of p-value obtained from the post-test of the experimental and control group was 0.00 is less than the level of significance degree α = 0.05. In other words, there was a significant difference between the students who were trained through reflective journal writing and those who were not trained through reflective journal writing. Applications of this study: The implications related to this study the authors suggest to use Reflective Journal Writing Strategy to help students to be critical thinking writers and for the next researcher to use this strategy in other kinds of texts. Teachers are suggested to use this strategy to teach writing skills for other aspects of writing. Novelty/Originality of this study: This strategy has never been used by English teachers in South Aceh and it can contribute to the teachers to use this strategy in teaching writing, especially for senior high school students. In conclusion, the use of Reflective Journal improved students’ writing skill, especially in writing recount text of senior high schools first-grade students in South Aceh.
PANDANGAN TUAN GURU TERHADAP PEMBAGIAN KERJA BAGI ISTERI YANG BEKERJA SEBAGAI TKW (STUDI DI DESA KEDIRI LOMBOK BARAT)
Authors: Hunaifi Hunaifi 
Published: May 2020

Peran seorang istri sangat penting dalam sebuah keluarga. Sehingga sebagai ibu rumah tangga dan seorang istri mempunyai tugas dan kewajiban tersendiri, yang terkadang tugas-tugas itu tidak bisa dialihkan atau digantikan kepada orang lain demi keutuhan dan kebahagiaan keluarga itu sendiri. Karena itu seorang wanita harus benar-benar mampu melaksanakan kewajibannya dengan ikhlas dan tanggung jawab.
Namun, fakta yang terjadi di Desa Kediri, menunjukkan bahwa kodrat perempuan sebagai seorang istri dan ibu rumah tangga mengalami perubahan. Sebelumnya kebanyakan dari mereka hanya berada di rumah untuk mengurusi urusan keluarganya saja. Namun seiring berkembangnya zaman, situasi dan kondisi saat ini pun banyak yang berbeda. Diikuti dengan naiknya harga kebutuhan yang semakin lama semakin tinggi dan banyak, menyebabkan kebanyakan dari mereka memutuskan untuk bekerja di luar negeri guna memperoleh gaji yang banyak dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, karena mereka dalam kondisi terbelit persoalan ekonomi. Sehingga istri pun berupaya untuk berperan aktif membantu untuk memperbaiki persoalan ekonomi yang ada.
Menurut mereka, menjadi TKW merupakan suatu pilihan yang tepat. Padahal dibalik pilihan itu terdapat beberapa risiko yang harus dihadapi. Profesi istri yang bekerja sebagai TKW mengakibatkan ia terpisah jarak dan waktu dari anggota keluarga yaitu suami dan anak. Sehingga ia tidak dapat menjalankan kewajibannya dalam sementara waktu. Istri yang seharusnya mengurus rumah tangga serta mendidik anak-anaknya, kini untuk sementara waktu tugas ini harus digantikan kepada orang lain. Dan kebanyakan dititipkan kepada ibu dari istri yang menjadi TKW tersebut.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap keluarga TKW di Desa Kediri dapat dilihat bahwa peranan istri sangat penting dalam kehidupan berumah tangga. Karena dengan menekuni profesi sebagai TKW banyak dari mereka dapat memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga, bahkan bisa sampai membuka usaha serta membangun rumah yang lebih layak untuk tempat tinggal mereka.
STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI SOSIAL MASYARAKAT NELAYAN BERBASIS KOMUNITAS IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN KOLO KECAMATAN ASAKOTA KOTA BIMA
Authors: Hermanto Lubis 
Published: May 2020

Istilah pemberdayaan masyarakat mulai dibicarakan sekitar tahun 90-an. Istilah tersebut kemudian menjadi pembicaraan tersendiri didalam tubuhPemerintahan dan mulai disosialisasikan didalam program-program turunan dari pemberdayaan masyarakat tersebut. Ir. Tatag Wiranto, MURP Direktur Kerja Sama Pembangunan Sektoral Bappenas mengatakan bahwa program pemberdayaan masyarakat menghasilkan masyarakat yang berdaya bukan yang terpedaya, sehingga mereka mampu mandiri dan tidak tergantung pada uluran tangan bantuan orang lain adapun tujuan: Untuk mengatahui bentuk strategi pemberdayaan ekonomi sosial masyarakat nelayan berbasis komunitas ibu rumah tangga di Kelurahan Kolo Kecamatan Asakota Kota Bima. Untuk mendiskripsikan bentuk strategi pemberdayaan ekonomi sosial masyarakat nelayan berbasis komunitas ibu rumah tangga di Kelurahan Kolo Kecamatan Asakota Kota Bima. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan dasar penelitian survey yaitu dengan tujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang “Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Sosial Masyarakat Nelayan Berbasis Komunitas Ibu Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Kolo Kecamatan Asakota Kota Bima”. Menurut Sugiyono, penelitian survey adalah penelitian yang dilakukan pada populasi besar maupun kecil tetapi data yang dipelajari adalah data yang diambil dari populasi. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi secara intensif terhadap subyek dan obyek yang diteliti baik secara menyeluruh maupun mengenai aspek-aspek tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan pengamatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1). Strategi menumbuhkembangkan kesadaran dari komunitas ibu rumah tangga nelayan agar berpartisipasi ikut bekerja untuk menunjang sosial ekonomi rumah tangga nelayan, khususnya bagi nelayan kecil tradisional. 2). Strategi menjadikan komunitas ibu rumah tangga sebagai basis dan memegang peranan sentral dalam mengelola potensi sumberdaya sosial-ekonomi rumah tangga. 3). Strategi memanfaatkan kedudukan dan peranan ibu rumah tangga yang merupakan modal sosial untuk pemberdayaan sosial ekonomi masyarakat nelayan. 4). Strategi menerapkan diversifikasi pekerjaan di Kelurahan Kolo Kecamatan Asakota di kalangan komunitas ibu rumah tangga.
Quantifying water erosion hazard in central Tunisia A case study: the Leben watershed
Authors: BEDOUI Chokri 
Published: May 2020

This study was performed in order to quantify soil erosion in the arid lands of central Tunisia. To do this we used geographic information systems, remote sensing and the RUSLE prediction model. While the study area is characterized by reduced rainfall quantities and therefore a low R factor, other factors such as high soil erodibility, low vegetation cover and steep slopes resulted in locally high erosion rates. Indeed, the calculation of RUSLE factors revealed values between 0 and 731 tones×ha-1×year-1 with an average of 3.84 tones×ha-1×year-1. Whereas most catchment lands have low levels, the relief surrounding the catchment has relatively high rates due to the high value of slopes, the skeletal soils that compose them, but also due to the absence of protection, reforestation or crop management. This study also showed that despite their small extension compared to the watershed, main streams sectors, and especially their banks, record the highest erosion rates mainly due to the flow accumulation in the downstream sectors. Relative protection of the piedmont, which has saved them from higher erosion, can only be considered efficient and sustainable if the upstream hillsides are also protected. The comparison with previous studies carried out in Tunisia shows similarities in the results of some of them, considering the natural geographical variation of the R factor.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Marked Global Disparities in Fatalities According to Geographic Location and Universal Health Care
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: May 2020

Since its outbreak, COVID-19 pandemic has been the biggest global concern with exponentially increasing number of cases and associated deaths across all habitable continents. Various countries around the world with their diverse health care systems, have responded to the pandemic in very distinctive ways. In this paper, we: compared COVID-19 mortality rates across global geographic regions; and assessed differences in COVID-19-related case fatality rate (CFR) based on presence or absence of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We found that as of May 6, 2020, Europe had experienced the highest CFR globally of 9.6%, followed by 5.9% in North America. Although the pandemic originated in Asia, the continent ranked second to the last in terms of CFR (3.5%). Countries with UHC had lower number of cases of 37.6%, but the CFR of countries with UHC was twice that of countries without UHC (10.5% versus 4.9%). In conclusion, UHC does not appear to protect against mortality in a pandemic environment such as with COVID-19.
Key words: • COVID-19 • Global disparity • Universal Health Coverage • Case fatality rate

Copyright © 2020 Dongarwar and Salihu. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Um Plano Municipal para Adaptação dos Efeitos das Mudanças Climáticas no Municipio de São Francisco do Sul - SC
Authors: De Oliveira Rafael , Widmer Walter 
Published: May 2020

As mudanças climáticas estão acontecendo em uma proporção sem precedentes e impactando muitas pessoas em todo o planeta, principalmente através da ocorrência da elevação do nível médio do mar e eventos extremos, como secas mais longas e freqüentes, elevação na atividade de furacões e enchentes; o que demanda esforços de adaptação. Tais mudanças alertam para um panorama preocupante no que se refere aos ecossistemas costeiros e a infraestrutura das cidades litorâneas, potencializando impactos socioambientais significativos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo formular contribuições preliminares para um documento técnico sugerindo estratégias, ações de adaptação e gerenciamento de riscos às mudanças climáticas, aplicado à cidade litorânea de São Francisco Sul, localizada no norte de Santa Catarina, especificamente quanto aos eventos relacionados à processos erosivos na linha de costaOs resultados preliminares indicam que a área em estudo apresenta risco menor em sua extensão norte e risco crítico em sua extensão sul, sendo esta a área com maior vulnerabilidade Espera-se que essa metodologia possa ser aplicada posteriormente a outros ecossistemas do território municipal, gerando contribuições para um plano municipal de adaptação às mudanças climáticas, que eventualmente poderá ser replicado à outras cidades litorâneas, contribuindo com a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população costeira catarinense.
Santa Catarina visto do espaço à noite e o sistema viário
Authors: Ribeiro Eduardo Augusto Werneck 
Published: May 2020

O produto cartográfico derivado de imagens noturnas (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer - VIIRS) do sensor Suomi NPP pode observar pouca luz até a escala de uma lâmpada de estrada isolada ou de um barco de pesca. A proposta foi aplicar este recurso para identificar os espaços luminiosos e opacos, discutidos em Santos e Oliveira (2001). Neste artigo descreve-se a metodologia aplicada. O produto final se mostrou interessante para usos no planejamento e gestão territorial.
Diagnostic Performance of APRI and FIB-4 for Confirming Cirrhosis in Indonesian HIV/HCV Co-infected Patients
Authors: Yunihastuti Evy , Wicaksana Bramantya , Wiraguna Andrian , Hidayah Ainum Jhariah , Amelia Fhadilla , Natali Veritea , Widhani Alvina , Sulaiman Andri Sanityoso , Kurniawan Juferdy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: After successful of antiretroviral therapy, highly effective direct acting antiviral (DAA) make HCV elimination reasonable in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. However, in achieving this target, there are still barriers to start DAA treatment, particularly in the area of liver fibrosis assessment that determine the duration of therapy. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of APRI and FIB-4 for diagnosing cirrhosis in HIV/HCV co-infected patients using hepatic transient elastography (TE) as gold standard.Method: This is a retrospective study on HIV/HCV co-infected patients who concomitantly performed hepatic TE measurement, APRI, and FIB-4 evaluation before HCV treatment initiation at a tertiary hospital in Jakarta from 2014 to 2019. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of indirect biomarkers for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 12.5 kPa was determined by receiver operator characteristics curves. Results: 223 HIV/HCV co-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy were included, of whom 91.5% were male with mean age of 37 (SD 5) years. Only 28.7% of patients were classified as cirrhosis (F4). Using TE as gold standard (≥12.5 kPa), the low threshold of APRI (1) had specificity 95%, sensitivity 48.4%, correctly classified 81.6% of patients, with moderate performance, AUC at 0.72 (95% CI 0.63-0.80). The optimal cut-off of FIB-4 was 1.66 [specificity 92.5%, sensitivity 53.1%, AUC at 0.73 (95% CI 0.65-0.81)] and correctly classified 81.1% of the patients.Conclusion: APRI score > 1 and FIB-4 score > 1.66 had moderate performance with high specificity in diagnosing cirrhosis. These biochemical markers could be used while TE is not available.
Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in farm animals and breeders in North of Morocco
Authors: Mourabit Nadira , Arakrak Abdelhay , Bakkali Mohammed , Zian Zeineb , Bakkach Joaira , Laglaoui Amin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The objectives of this study were to determine for the first time, in Morocco, the nasal carriage rate, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and virulence genes of S.aureus isolated from animals and breeders in close contact.Methods: From 2015 to 2016, 421 nasal swab samples were collected from 26 different Livestock areas in Tangier. The antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes were determined by disk diffusion according to EUCAST 2015. The presence of nuc, mecA, mecC, lukS/F-PV, and tst genes were determined by PCR for all isolates. Results: The overall S. aureus nasal carriage rate was low in animals (9.97%) and high in breeders (60%) with a statistically significant difference, (OR= 13.536; 95% CI = 7.070- 25.912; p< 0.001).In general, S. aureus strains were susceptible to the majority of antibiotics and the highest resistance rates were found against tetracycline (16.7% in animals and 10% in breeders). No MRSA was detected in animals and breeders. A high rate of tst and lukS/F-PV genes has been recovered only, from animals (11.9% and 16.7%, respectively).Conclusion: Despite the lower rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus and the absence of MRSA strains in our study, S. aureus strains harbored a higher frequency of tst and lukS/F-PV of virulence genes, which is associated to an increased risk of infection dissemination in humans. This highlights the need for implementing adequate approaches for prevention.Further larger and multi-center studies are needed to validate and confirm our findings.
Effect of different restorative crown design and materials on stress distribution in endodontically treated molars: A finite element analysis study
Authors: Lin Jie , Lin Zhenxiang , Zheng Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The purposes of this simulation study were to evaluate the stresses in the roots of endodontically treated molars with extensive coronal tissue loss which were restored by endocrowns (all-in-one core and crown) and traditional crowns with post-cores, during masticatory simulation using finite element analysis. Methods: A mesio-distal cross-section of a lower right first molar was digitized and used to create 2-dimensional models of the teeth and supporting tissue; different crown designs, viz., endocrown with 2 mm occlusal clearance, endocrown with 4 mm occlusal clearance and post-core crown; different crown materials, viz., zirconia (Zr) and lithia-disilicate reinforced glass ceramic (LDRGC), and different post and core materials, viz., glass fiber (GF), stainless steel (SS) and metal cast (MC). An axial load of 600 N was applied to the central fossa of occlusal surface. Results: The stress distributions were similar between Zr and LDRGC for periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The root canal inner wall maximum principal stresses of SS post (70.8 MPa) and MC post (71.4 MPa) were higher than that of GF post (36.0 MPa) and endocrown (2.4 MPa).Conclusion: The endocrowns reduced stress concentration for the root canal inner wall in comparison with the conventional post-core crown. Molars restored with endocrowns are less prone to root fracture than those with posts.
A multidisciplinary perspective to protect the quality of water in natural wetlands. A case study in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Cohen Ignacio , Barbosa-Moreno Finlandia , Macias-Corral Maritza Argelia , Díaz-Padilla Gabriel , Guajardo-Panes Rafael Alberto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In Mexico, 142 sites covering almost nine million hectares are listed as Ramsar wetlands. Given the complaints of local inhabitants regarding water quality, and the interest of the federal government for setting up a plan for wetlands protection, we evaluated the ecological condition of a wetland in rural Oaxaca, Mexico. Existing water quality data were compiled and analyzed. Among the parameters of interest were temperature, pH, DO, N, P, and fecal contamination. Even though microbial contamination was a primary concern, a more important worry to local users was the presence of pesticides in water due to inadequate disposal of empty containers and runoff from upstream farmlands. Public meetings with water users, researchers, and local and federal personnel were held to get the opinion about strategies for protection of the wetlands. Outcomes of the decision meetings using a decision-support system highlighted that to preserve the wetlands, the implementation of riparian vegetation (buffer zone) and the management of surface water should be considered as conservation practices. Law enforcement would improve the watershed and wetlands' health for preventing further deterioration. Because of the success in getting public participation and input, the approach will likely be replicated in other parts of the country.
Water governance challenges in rural South Africa: exploring institutional coordination in drought management
Authors: Makaya Eugine , Rohse Melanie , Day Rosie , Vogel Coleen , Mehta Lyla , McEwen Lindsey , Rangecroft Sally , Van Loon Anne F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Droughts have severe direct impacts on the livelihoods of rural populations. Thus, the management of water for communal agriculture and water supply should be well coordinated to enhance drought resilience. Notwithstanding the interrelations among water management institutions in South Africa, there are complexities in the way these institutions work together, both in preparation for, and during drought times. In this article, we examine the governance of water resources in South Africa with a view to understanding institutional coordination in drought management at different operational scales. Using a qualitative approach, the roles and relationships between water actors at the local and regional level were analyzed for their adequacy in building local level drought resilience in a village in the Limpopo province, South Africa. Key informant interviews conducted revealed operational drought management challenges that emanate from communication barriers, coordination inconsistences, and undefined, unclear actor roles and responsibilities during disasters. The top-down approach to disaster management, while of some value, currently constrains the effectiveness of the local-level institutions implementing local drought risk reduction efforts. Achieving more successful water and drought governance endeavors could be enhanced by greater and wider engagement with community-based actors and water management institutions.