bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscope‐assisted resection of second branchial cleft fistula via the anterior chest approach
Authors: Han Ping , Wang Jing‐Yi , Liang Fa‐Ya , Lin Pei‐Liang , Chen Ren‐Hui , Huang Xiao‐Ming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesTraditional resection of second branchial cleft fistulas (SBCFs) involves a transcervical incision in the neck, which leaves a prominent scar; therefore, endoscope‐assisted excision of SBCFs through the anterior chest approach has been proposed. To introduce endoscope‐assisted excision of SBCFs via the anterior chest approach and to evaluate its feasibility, validity, safety, and clinical results.MethodsThis was a study of four patients with SBCFs who underwent surgical resection with the assistance of endoscopy via the anterior chest approach between May 2012 and May 2018.ResultsAll procedures were successfully performed with endoscope‐assisted surgery via the anterior chest approach. The volume of blood loss ranged from 5 to 10 mL (median 6 ml). The operating time ranged from 45 to 67 min (median 50 min). No patients presented evidence of long‐term complications or recurrence during the median follow‐up period of 72–144 months (median 99 months). All patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes.ConclusionsEndoscope‐assisted resection of SBCFs via the anterior chest approach is feasible, effective, and safe and has better esthetic effects. Therefore, SBCF surgery via the anterior chest approach could be a novel and superior treatment option for patients with SBCFs.
Steady mathematical modeling and numerical analysis of Cross magneto‐nanofluid flow over a wavy surface with heat and mass transfer features
Authors: Javed Saleem , Ahmad Latif 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMixed convectively driven wavy flow of Cross‐generalized fluid is modeled on a wavy surface with the importance of wavy surface amplitude. The periodic nature of the flow is effectively configured and is declared the main theme of this study. However, some physical features are considered together with the flow of heat and mass. The effect of external magnetic field, heat generation/absorption, thermal radiation, and linear chemical reaction are comprehensively deliberated during the typical wavy flow. The low Reynolds approximation theory is utilized for the boundary layer governing equations. Specifically, the wavy surface amplitude is played an integral part in modeling the GNF. The mathematical equations are formed in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) with the physical and chemical impacts. The nonlinear PDEs are then transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by utilizing the dimensionless local similar. The whole investigation is further extended with the features of heat and mass flows in the presence of Brownian motion and thermophoretic forces. To demonstrate the importance of the leading dimensionless physical factors, a modified version of the collocation methods, namely modified bvp4c is applied. The significant results are displayed via drag forces, heat and mass transmission rates, and velocity of the fluid. Significant uplifted behavior of skin friction is noticed by considering the higher values of wavy surface amplitude. The higher values of the newly introduced Weissenberg number are predicted an increasing velocity of the fluid. The higher Richardson number boosted the material's velocity. The rates of heat and mass flows are noticed higher for escalated values of chemical reaction and radiation parameters, respectively. The Brownian motion and thermophoretic forces enhanced the concentration of the materials. A strong comparison with the previous works is provided to ensure the validity of the entire numerical method.
Genetic Characterization of Captive South American Fur Seals in Japan Based on Mitochondrial and Microsatellite DNA Analyses
Authors: Omori Shogo , Noma Kensuke , Fujimoto Yosuke , Toriyama Rieko , Tomisawa Kanako , Tadano Ryo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMolecular genetic analyses are effective in revealing the origin, kinship, and genetic diversity of zoo animals. In this study, we carried out the genetic characterization of captive founder individuals of the South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) in Japanese zoos and aquariums based on analyses of mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci. In mitochondrial DNA analysis, the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the overall population were 0.8949 and 0.0119, respectively. Microsatellite DNA analysis revealed that the observed heterozygosity within the overall population was 0.722. In addition, we did not detect genetic bottlenecks. The results from two kinds of DNA analyses indicated that the genetic diversity in this captive population was equivalent to that previously reported in wild populations. The detected mitochondrial haplotypes were the same as or phylogenetically close to those previously reported in wild populations in southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and southern Chile but diverged from those previously reported in a wild population in Peru. Genetic clustering analyses using microsatellite genotypes revealed that no clear genetic structures in this captive population.
European Product Liability for AI-based Clinical Decision Support Systems
Authors: van Staalduinen Jan H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are computer systems that support medical professionals in the clinical decision-making process. If a decision that involved the use of a CDSS has detrimental effects, the patient might seek compensation for the damage incurred. Here, the involvement of a CDSS, particularly if it is AI-based, could give rise to liability questions. On the one hand, the liability of the medical professional, which often depends on medical standards, raises questions on the type of behaviour on which these standards will require, particularly for AI-based CDSSs. On the other hand, questions arise on the liability of the manufacturer of the system. Product liability regimes such as those in the US and the EU do not require the claimant to prove fault, but instead require a product defect. For these regimes, AI-based CDSSs challenge the notions of defect and causation. This chapter focuses on EU product liability law, analysing whether and how it applies to AI-CDSSs. The three main questions discussed are (i) whether AI-CDSSs could fall within the scope of this regime, (ii) how the term ‘defect’ should be construed with respect to AI-CDSSs, arguing for a novel interpretation of AI manufacturing defects, and (iii) whether and how a causal link between defect and damage could be established.
Artificial Intelligence and Education: Ethical Questions and Guidelines for Their Relations Based on Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law
Authors: Stracke Christian M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter presents an overview of the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and education. It discusses both perspectives: the use of AI in education (AIED) and the education about AI (EDAI, also labeled as AI literacy) which combined is abbreviated as AI&ED. The AIED research has existed since the 1950s but the broader focus on AI&ED and related ethical debates is just starting now due to the new popularity in mass media and public. Thus, the ethical principles and new questions in relation to AIED are the main focus of the analysis. The discussion demonstrates that AI&ED requires a solid foundation in the core global values; that is, human rights, democracy, and the rule of law. The main reason is that education is a special sector with specific conditions. On the one hand, education is a human right, and on the other hand, education is mandatory for school pupils. In addition, education should strengthen and contribute to inclusion and equity, also in AI&ED. Thus, the educational sector needs AI&ED regulations as well as careful considerations and ethical reflections to guarantee human, democratic, and safe developments for our learners as well as for our future generations of society. It can be concluded from our discussion that for sustainable and responsible AI&ED we have to follow and realize three ethical imperatives: technology-independent, impact-oriented, and society-focused. These ethical demands require holistic approaches for the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of AI&ED to guarantee positive impacts and benefits of AIED.
Lysine and arginine methylation of transcription factors
Authors: Giaimo Benedetto Daniele , Ferrante Francesca , Borggrefe Tilman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPost-translational modifications (PTMs) are implicated in many biological processes including receptor activation, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and protein turnover. Lysine’s side chain is particularly notable, as it can undergo methylation, acetylation, SUMOylation and ubiquitination. Methylation affects not only lysine but also arginine residues, both of which are implicated in epigenetic regulation. Beyond histone-tails as substrates, dynamic methylation of transcription factors has been described. The focus of this review is on these non-histone substrates providing a detailed discussion of what is currently known about methylation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), P53, nuclear receptors (NRs) and RELA. The role of methylation in regulating protein stability and function by acting as docking sites for methyl-reader proteins and via their crosstalk with other PTMs is explored.
Prethermalization for Deformed Wigner Matrices
Authors: Erdős László , Henheik Joscha , Reker Jana , Riabov Volodymyr 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe prove that a class of weakly perturbed Hamiltonians of the form $$H_\lambda = H_0 + \lambda W$$

H
λ

=

H
0

+
λ
W

, with W being a Wigner matrix, exhibits prethermalization. That is, the time evolution generated by $$H_\lambda $$

H
λ

relaxes to its ultimate thermal state via an intermediate prethermal state with a lifetime of order $$\lambda ^{-2}$$

λ

-
2

. Moreover, we obtain a general relaxation formula, expressing the perturbed dynamics via the unperturbed dynamics and the ultimate thermal state. The proof relies on a two-resolvent law for the deformed Wigner matrix $$H_\lambda $$

H
λ

.
Generalized Pentagon Equations
Authors: Alekseev Anton , Naef Florian , Ren Muze 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDrinfeld defined the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov (KZ) associator $$\Phi _{\textrm{KZ}}$$

Φ
KZ

by considering the regularized holonomy of the KZ connection along the droit chemin [0, 1]. The KZ associator is a group-like element of the free associative algebra with two generators, and it satisfies the pentagon equation. In this paper, we consider paths on $${\mathbb {C}}\backslash \{ z_1, \dots , z_n\}$$

C
\
{

z
1

,
⋯
,

z
n

}

which start and end at tangential base points. These paths are not necessarily straight, and they may have a finite number of transversal self-intersections. We show that the regularized holonomy H of the KZ connection associated with such a path satisfies a generalization of Drinfeld’s pentagon equation. In this equation, we encounter H, $$\Phi _{\textrm{KZ}}$$

Φ
KZ

, and new factors associated with self-intersections, tangential base points, and the rotation number of the path.
Deep learning algorithm enables automated Cobb angle measurements with high accuracy
Authors: Hayashi Daichi , Regnard Nor-eddine , Ventre Jeanne , Marty Vincent , Clovis Lauryane , Lim Ludovic , Nitche Nicolas , Zhang Zekun , Tournier Antoine , Ducarouge Alexis , Kompel Andrew J. , Tannoury Chadi , Guermazi Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To determine the accuracy of automatic Cobb angle measurements by deep learning (DL) on full spine radiographs.

Materials and methods
Full spine radiographs of patients aged > 2 years were screened using the radiology reports to identify radiographs for performing Cobb angle measurements. Two senior musculoskeletal radiologists and one senior orthopedic surgeon independently annotated Cobb angles exceeding 7° indicating the angle location as either proximal thoracic (apices between T3 and T5), main thoracic (apices between T6 and T11), or thoraco-lumbar (apices between T12 and L4). If at least two readers agreed on the number of angles, location of the angles, and difference between comparable angles was < 8°, then the ground truth was defined as the mean of their measurements. Otherwise, the radiographs were reviewed by the three annotators in consensus. The DL software (BoneMetrics, Gleamer) was evaluated against the manual annotation in terms of mean absolute error (MAE).

Results
A total of 345 patients were included in the study (age 33 ± 24 years, 221 women): 179 pediatric patients (< 22 years old) and 166 adult patients (22 to 85 years old). Fifty-three cases were reviewed in consensus. The MAE of the DL algorithm for the main curvature was 2.6° (95% CI [2.0; 3.3]). For the subgroup of pediatric patients, the MAE was 1.9° (95% CI [1.6; 2.2]) versus 3.3° (95% CI [2.2; 4.8]) for adults.

Conclusion
The DL algorithm predicted the Cobb angle of scoliotic patients with high accuracy.
Extracorporeal Acoustic Shock Waves to Treat Complications of Polymethylmethacrylate
Authors: Goisis Mario , Zecchetto Sara , Veronese Sheila , Quintero Sierra Lindsey Alejandra , Ossanna Riccardo , Bernardi Paolo , Nicoletti Maria Maddalena , Khabouri Sima , Sbarbati Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fillers are permanent fillers known for their possible side effects. In case of complications, the only possible treatment is surgical removal, followed by procedures to minimize resulting deformity. The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the morphology of the PMMA material in the nodules, (2) to demonstrate that treatment by acoustic wave therapy (AWT) can help the removal of the nodules, and (3) to present an easy procedure to solve deformities.

Methods
The data of 9 patients who underwent AWT, surgical PMMA removal, and deformity correction by enriched nanograft and dermagraft injections between April 2021 and May 2024 were presented. The leftover aspirated material was analysed by histology and scanning electron microscopy.

Results
AWT resulted in no complications in all patients. After removal and correction surgeries, minor complications were observed in 5 cases. All the patients were delighted with the aesthetic outcome. In all patients, an important improvement of the deformities, with correction of the volume of the face, was observed. A substantial resolution of the initial clinical symptoms was documented. The ultrastructural analysis highlighted that PMMA appears in the form of laminar or prismatic formations with a paracrystalline structure.

Conclusions
AWT acted directly on PMMA to facilitate its removal and reduce fibrosis around the PMMA filler. The lack of volume correlated with PMMA removal was resolved with the enriched nanograft and dermagraft injections, which led to very satisfying aesthetic results.

Level of Evidence V
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Exchangeable coalescents beyond the Cannings class
Authors: Siri-Jégousse Arno , Wences Alejandro H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a general framework for the study of the genealogy of neutral discrete-time populations. We remove the standard assumption of exchangeability of offspring distributions appearing in Cannings models, and replace it by a less restrictive condition of non-heritability of reproductive success. We provide a general criterion for the weak convergence of their genealogies to

$$\Xi $$

Ξ

-coalescents, and apply it to a simple parametrization of our scenario (which, under mild conditions, we also prove to essentially include the general case). We provide examples for such populations, including models with highly-asymmetric offspring distributions and populations undergoing random but recurrent bottlenecks. Finally we study the limit genealogy of a new exponential model which, as previously shown for related models and in spite of its built-in (fitness) inheritance mechanism, can be brought into our setting.
Evaluating the necessity of colonoscopy in patients under 40 with rectal bleeding: insights from a large-scale retrospective analysis
Authors: Obeidat Ibrahim M. , Yahia Yousef , Chandra Prem , Altaiam Amani , Mohamed Ethar , Saffo Husam , Abualsuod Raya , Mousa Ala’a Al-deen , Shalatouni Duha , Alsa’ed Khaled , Arabyat Mahmoud Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Bleeding per rectum (BPR) is a common clinical presentation, and colonoscopy is the gold standard for evaluating patients aged ≥ 45 years. However, its role in younger patients remains unclear. This study evaluated the appropriateness of colonoscopy in patients < 40 years of age who presented with BPR.

Methods
This retrospective observational study was conducted over 10 years, including 3422 patients aged 18–40 years who underwent colonoscopy for BPR. The cohort was divided into two age groups: younger (aged 18–30 years) and older (31–40 years). The patients’ baseline characteristics, colonoscopy findings, and histopathological results were analyzed.

Results
Hemorrhoids were the most common finding (48%), with a higher prevalence in younger age groups (50.7%). Polyps were detected in 12.5% of patients, with 1.75% having advanced adenoma polyps (AAP) and 1.3% diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). A family history of CRC/AAP was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (adjusted OR 6.35, 95% CI 2.24–18.02, p = 0.001) in explorative logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion
AAP and CRC were detected in a small but significant proportion of patients, particularly among those aged 18–30 years. The detection of significant lesions in this age group highlights the need for targeted colonoscopy based on specific risk factors such as family history and clinical presentation. Future research should prioritize the creation of targeted assessment models to improve clinical decision making in this context.
Quadrilateral plate fractures
Authors: Freude T. , Gänsslen Axel , Krappinger D. , Lindahl J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring the last two decades, extended scientific interest focused on quadrilateral plate (QLP) fractures as part of common acetabular fractures. The QLP corresponds to the medial wall of the acetabulum, and different fracture pattern of Letournel´s fracture types are associated with concomitant QLP fractures. Except anterior and posterior wall fractures, all other fracture types may be associated with QLP fractures. QLP fracture features include simple fracture lines up to highly comminuted fractures. A detailed preoperative analysis of these fractures is important to get a better understanding of intraoperative decision making. No consensus exists regarding the optimal classification and treatment of QLP fractures. Various operative approaches and treatment concepts exists depending on the specific QLP fracture type and the acetabular fracture type. Several new implants were development for optimal but often individual stabilization concepts. The gold-standard is still some medial buttressing during internal fixation predominantly using plates, but also screw fixation is considered an option. Additional dome impactions must be considered as an integral part in any QLP fracture analysis and stabilization.
Clinical examination for identifying low-risk pregnancies suitable for expectant management beyond 40–41 gestational weeks: maternal and fetal outcomes
Authors: Murzakanova Gulim , Räisänen Sari , Jacobsen Anne Flem , Yli Branka M. , Tingleff Tiril , Laine Katariina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There is an ongoing discussion on whether the benefits of term elective labor induction outweigh its potential risks. This study evaluated the utility of a comprehensive clinical examination in identifying low-risk pregnancies suitable for expectant management beyond gestational age 40‒41 weeks and compared their outcomes with earlier labor induction by indication.

Methods
Pregnant women (n = 722) with ≥ 40 + 0 gestational weeks referred to a tertiary hospital were included in this prospective cohort. The study population was divided into the primary induction group (induction before 42 + 0 gestational weeks) and the expectant management group (spontaneous labor onset or induction at 42 + 0 gestational weeks), by decision based on a primary consultation. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied. The outcome measures were composite adverse fetal outcome (admission to a neonatal intensive care unit, metabolic acidosis, or Apgar score < 7 at 5 min), treatment with intrapartum antibiotics, intrapartum maternal fever ≥ 38 °C, intrapartum cesarean section, and postpartum hemorrhage ≥ 1500 ml.

Results
The main outcome measures did not differ significantly between the primary induction group (n = 258) and the expectant management group (n = 464): composite adverse fetal outcome (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 0.92–5.68; p = 0.07), intrapartum cesarean section (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.64–1.56; p = 1.00), postpartum hemorrhage ≥ 1500 ml (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.92–3.90; p = 0.09), intrapartum maternal fever ≥ 38 °C (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.83–1.93; p = 0.28), or treatment with intrapartum antibiotics (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.77–2.02; p = 0.37).

Conclusion
A comprehensive clinical examination at 40‒41 gestational weeks can identify pregnancies that might be managed expectantly until 42 gestational weeks obtaining similar outcomes to those induced earlier.
Assessing age-related changes in brain activity during isometric upper and lower limb force control tasks
Authors: Bower Abigail E. , Chung Jae Woo , Burciu Roxana G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the widespread use of older adults (OA) as controls in movement disorder studies, the specific effects of aging on the neural control of upper and lower limb movements remain unclear. While functional MRI paradigms focusing on hand movements are widely used to investigate age-related brain changes, research on lower limb movements is limited due to technical challenges in an MRI environment. This study addressed this gap by examining both upper and lower limb movements in healthy young adults (YA) vs. OA. Sixteen YA and 20 OA, matched for sex, dominant side, and cognitive status, performed pinch grip and ankle dorsiflexion tasks, each requiring 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction. While both groups achieved the target force and exhibited similar force variability and accuracy, OA displayed distinct differences in force control dynamics, with a slower rate of force increase in the hand task and a greater rate of force decrease in the foot task. Imaging results revealed that OA exhibited more widespread activation, extending beyond brain regions typically involved in movement execution. In the hand task, OA showed increased activity in premotor and visuo-motor integration regions, as well as in the cerebellar hemispheres. During the foot task, OA engaged the cerebellar hemispheres more than YA. Collectively, results suggest that OA may recruit additional brain regions to manage motor tasks, possibly to achieve similar performance. Future longitudinal studies that track changes over time could help clarify if declines in motor performance lead to corresponding changes in brain activation.