bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pterostilbene on development, equatorial lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species production of in vitro‐produced bovine embryos
Authors: Sosa Froylan , Romo Salvador , Kjelland Michael E. , Álvarez‐Gallardo Horacio , Pérez‐Reynozo Sandra , Urbán‐Duarte David , De La Torre‐Sánchez Jose Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pterostilbene (PT) molecule is a phytoalexin with a reducing effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and with a capacity to block lipogenesis. However, the potential reducing effects of PT on equatorial lipid accumulation and ROS have not yet been elucidated for in vitro‐derived bovine embryos. The present study evaluated the effects of concentrations of 3, 1, 0.33, 0.11 μM PT, and a vehicle group on the percentage of cleaved embryos, embryos with more than 6 cells, percentage of blastocyst on Day 7 and 8, percentage of transferable embryos on Day 7, the cell count and relative concentration of lipids. In the second experiment, the effects of 0.33 μM PT and a vehicle group within two different O2 environments (5% and 20%) were evaluated for ROS generation and the percentage of Day 8 blastocysts. In the first experiment, no significant differences were found between the treatments with PT and the vehicle group (p > .05) concerning the percentage of cleaved embryos and embryos with more than 6 cells. Lipid reduction was observed in the groups treated with PT versus the vehicle group (p < .05). The vehicle group showed a higher rate of blastocyst production on Days 7 and 8 (p < .05) and an increase in the percentage of transferable embryos on Day 7 compared to the PT treatment groups (p < .05). Cell counts were not significantly different between treatments with PT and the vehicle group (p > .05). In the second experiment, the O2 concentration did not significantly affect ROS generation (p > .05); however, the groups treated with PT (0.33 μM) had a reduction in ROS (p < .05). The O2 concentration also did not significantly affect the rate of blastocyst production on Day 8 (p = .7696). Future research should be conducted to ascertain whether the reduction of lipids could enhance the cryopreservation and post‐thaw viability of PT‐treated embryos.
Leukapheresis for the management of hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bewersdorf Jan P. , Giri Smith , Tallman Martin S. , Zeidan Amer M. , Stahl Maximilian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundUp to 20% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) present with hyperleukocytosis, usually defined as a white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 100 × 109/L. Given the high early mortality rate, emergent cytoreduction with either leukapheresis, hydroxyurea, or chemotherapy is indicated, but the optimal strategy is unknown.Study Design and MethodsFor this systematic review and meta‐analysis we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science from inception through March 2020 for multiarm studies comparing early mortality rates of patients with AML treated with leukapheresis and those who were not. The risk ratio (RR) of early death for patients who received leukapheresis vs patients who did not was estimated using a sum of the log‐ratio of individual study estimates weighted by sample size.ResultsAmong 13 two‐arm, retrospective studies with 1743 patients (486 leukapheresis and 1257 nonleukapheresis patients), leukapheresis did not improve the primary outcome of early mortality compared to treatment strategies in which leukapheresis was not used (RR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69‐1.13; P = .321) without statistically significant heterogeneity between studies (Cochranʼs Q, 18; P = .115; I2, 33.4%). Patients presenting with clinical leukostasis tended to be more likely to undergo leukapheresis (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% CI, 0.99‐4.08; P = .052).ConclusionAs we did not find evidence of a short‐term mortality benefit and considering the associated complications and logistic burden, our results argue against the routine use of leukapheresis for hyperleukocytosis among patients with AML.
Modification and utility of a rat burn wound model
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Wang Xingxia , Hong Xudong , Fan Hao , Zhang Xudong , Chen Aifen , Wang Guangyi , Jin Jian , Xia Zhaofan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to improve the conventional rat burn wound model and to validate its utility. In total, 60 Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided equally into the control and experimental groups. Altogether, 60 burn wound models with zones of stasis were created in each group. Gross visual assessments of the burn wounds were performed at 0, 24, and 48 hours after burn creation. The rates of necrosis in the zones of stasis were calculated, and the blood flow from the wounds was examined. Wound tissues were collected 48 hours after the burn and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining to determine whether the models were successfully established. The model success rates were calculated. The success rate of the burn wound models was significantly different between the control group and the experimental group (93.33% [56/60] vs 100%; P = .042). The Cronbach's alpha values and the respective correlation coefficients indicated that the stability of the zones of stasis in the models on the two sides of the spine was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The standard deviations of the rate of necrosis, blood flow, and density of necrotic cells and apoptosis cell density, and inflammatory factor content in the zones of stasis were smaller in the experimental group than in the control group at 48 hours after model construction. This suggested that the stability of repeated procedures was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The novel device for creating burns in animal models facilitated the effective creation of zones of stasis for rat burn wound models. Both the model success rate and stability were higher compared with the conventional model construction method. In addition, the use of the novel device can better align with the requirements of self‐controlled studies.
Circumstances of Human–Bat interactions and risk of lyssavirus transmission in metropolitan France
Authors: Parize Perrine , Travecedo Robledo Isabel Cristina , Cervantes‐Gonzalez Minerva , Kergoat Lauriane , Larrous Florence , Serra‐Cobo Jordi , Dacheux Laurent , Bourhy Hervé 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the elimination of dog and terrestrial wild animal rabies, bat exposures remain the only source of autochthonous lyssavirus transmission to humans in Western Europe. European bats have already been found infected with several lyssaviruses, and human–bat interactions represent a risk of viral transmission and fatal encephalitis for humans. In this study, we aim to better characterize exposures to bats in metropolitan France from 2003 to 2016 and to identify circumstances associated with exposures to lyssavirus‐positive bats. Two complementary sources of data were analysed: 1/ data associated with bats responsible for human exposure received for Lyssavirus testing by the French National Reference Centre for Rabies (NRCR); and 2/ data pertaining to individuals seeking medical care through the French Anti‐Rabies Clinics network after contact with a bat. From 2003 to 2016, 425 bats originating from metropolitan France were submitted to the NRCR and 16 (4%) were found positive with a lyssavirus (EBLV‐1b was diagnosed in 9 bats, EBLV‐1a in 6 and BBLV in one specimen). The two factors associated with bat positivity in our study were the female sex and the bat belonging to the E. serotinus species. During the same study period, 1718 individuals sought care at an Anti‐Rabies Clinic after exposure to a bat resulting in an estimated incidence of human–bat interactions of 1.96 per 106 person‐years. The two most frequent circumstances of exposure were handling or bites. Interactions mostly involved one adult human being and one live and non‐sick‐looking bat. Our study provides new insights about circumstances of human–bat interactions and may be helpful to target prevention interventions to improve the awareness of the population of the risk of lyssavirus transmission.
Toxoplasmagondii oocysts, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in outdoor swimming pools in Brazil
Authors: Pineda Carolina Ortiz , Leal Diego Averaldo Guiguet , Fiuza Vagner Ricardo da Silva , Jose Juliana , Borelli Guilherme , Durigan Mauricio , Pena Hilda Fátima Jesus , Bueno Franco Regina Maura 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe accidental ingestion of treated recreational water is an important transmission route of waterborne protozoa worldwide. The present study aimed to provide the first evaluation of swimming pools in Brazil, analysing the presence of pathogenic protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp.) by parasitological and molecular methods. A total of 57 samples were collected from 21 public swimming pools, either directly from the pool or filter backwash water and concentrated using the membrane filtration technique. Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were visualized by direct immunofluorescence assay after purification by immunomagnetic separation. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were detected by autofluorescence visualization using the supernatant discarded during the purification step as a sample. Positive samples were submitted to molecular analysis. The molecular markers were used: SSU‐rRNA, tpi, gdh and bg, for Giardia DNA amplification, and 18S rRNA gene fragment amplification was used for the Cryptosporidium oocysts. The 529‐bp repeat element (REP529) fragment and the 35‐fold repetitive B1 gene were employed as a target for T. gondii. Amplified products were submitted to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Giardia cysts were detected in 19.0% and Cryptosporidium oocysts in 9.5% of swimming pools. In one swimming pool (4.7%), both protozoa were detected on at least one occasion. Structures similar to T. gondii oocysts were detected in 33.3% of the samples, ranging from one to 23 per slide. Giardia was confirmed by DNA amplification in three swimming pools; Giardia duodenalis Assemblage A was identified by the phylogenetic positioning of the β‐giardin gene. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in 14.2% of swimming pools. The present study represents the first report of the occurrence of T. gondii oocysts in swimming pools. Recreational activity in swimming pools contaminated by chlorine‐resistant protozoa can represent a high risk of infection for bathers and swimmers.
Biomedical Manufacturing: A Review of the Emerging Research and Applications
Authors: Chen Roland , Chang Robert C. , Tai Bruce , Huang Yong , Ozdoganlar Burak , Li Wei , Shih Albert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Biomedical manufacturing, which has seen rapid growth over the past decade, is an emerging research area for the manufacturing community. This growth trajectory is exemplified and coupled with a broadening scope of applications with biomedical manufacturing technology, including advancements in the safety, quality, cost, efficiency, and speed of healthcare service and research. The goal of this topical review is to offer a comprehensive survey of the current state-of-the-art in biomedical manufacturing and to summarize existing opportunities and challenges as a basis to guide future research activities in this emerging area. This article categorizes the key manufacturing process types that are currently being leveraged for the biomedical field of use, including machining, joining, additive manufacturing, and micro-/multi-scale manufacturing. For each of these manufacturing processes, notable applications are cited and discussed to provide insights and perspectives into how manufacturing processes can play an integral role in creating new and more sophisticated healthcare services and products.
Improvement of Single-Sided Resistance Spot Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel Using Radial Magnetic Field
Authors: Qi Lin , Li Fangzhou , Zhang Qingxin , Xu Ye , Han Xiaohui , Li Yongbing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Magnetically assisted resistance spot welding (MA-RSW), which uses a pair of mutually repulsive ring-shaped axially magnetized magnets, has been demonstrated to have significant effect on weld quality of high strength steels and light metals. However, in manufacturing of metro car bodies, single-sided resistance spot welding processes is frequently adopted to achieve better surface quality, which poses a big challenge to the traditional double-sided MA-RSW apparatus. In this study, single-sided MA-RSW apparatus with four arc-shaped radially magnetized permanent magnets was developed to adapt the demand of the single-sided RSW process, and 1.5 + 2.5 mm austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) are used to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of weld quality and surface indentation. Meanwhile, a 3D finite element model taking three types of MA-RSW apparatus into account was created to reveal the improvement mechanism of the single-sided MA-RSW apparatus. The results showed that the novel single-sided MA-RSW apparatus can produce stronger radial magnetic field in effective welding region and thus provide a great potential and promotion effect to the weld quality in terms of macro-morphology, surface indentation, microstructure, microhardness, and mechanical properties.
Efficient Design of Lightweight Reinforced Tensegrities Under Local and Global Failure Constraints
Authors: Goyal Raman , Skelton Robert E. , Peraza Hernandez Edwin A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTensegrities are prestressable trusses that have been proven to support various load distributions with minimum mass. This article presents a novel efficient method for designing lightweight tensegrities under local and global failure constraints. Local failure includes buckling and material yielding of individual members in the tensegrity. Global failure refers to global buckling of the tensegrity, where it loses stability without undergoing local failure at its individual members. The formulation and numerical approach to determine the critical global buckling forces and mode shapes of tensegrities with arbitrary shape and topology are first provided. Next, the design method considering local and global failure is presented, which starts with the local sizing of the member areas of the given tensegrity for the prevention of local failure. The method then determines the dominant failure mode by comparing the external forces and the critical global buckling force of the locally sized structure. If the critical global buckling force is larger than the external force, the dominant mode is a local failure and the locally sized design is returned as the minimum mass design. Conversely, if global failure is the dominant mode, different global reinforcement approaches are applied to raise the critical buckling force of the structure until it matches the external force, preventing global buckling. These reinforcement approaches include increasing the areas of the members and increasing the prestress in the tensegrity. Representative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design method considering box and T-bar tensegrities.
Infective Endocarditis After Surgical and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Alexis Sophia L. , Malik Aaqib H. , George Isaac , Hahn Rebecca T. , Khalique Omar K. , Seetharam Karthik , Bhatt Deepak L. , Tang Gilbert H. L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) after surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) carries significant morbidity/mortality. Our review aims to compare incidence, predisposing factors, microbiology, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of PVE in surgical aortic valve replacement/TAVR patients. We searched PubMed and Embase to identify published studies from January 1, 2015 to March 13, 2020. Key words were indexed for original reports, clinical studies, and reviews. Reports were evaluated by 2 authors against a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria. Studies were included if they reported incidence and outcomes related to surgical aortic valve replacement/TAVR PVE and excluded if they were published pre‐2015 or included a small population. We followed the Cochrane methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for all stages of the design and implementation. Study quality was based on the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Thirty‐three studies with 311 to 41 025 patients contained relevant information. The majority found no significant difference in incidence of surgical aortic valve replacement/TAVR PVE (reported as 0.3%–1.2% per patient‐year versus 0.6%–3.4%), but there were key differences in pathogenesis. TAVR has a specific set of infection risks related to entry site, procedure, and device, including nonstandardized protocols for infection control, valve crimping injury, paravalvular leak, neo‐leaflet stress, intact/calcified native leaflets, and intracardiac hardware. With the expansion of TAVR to lower risk and younger patients, a better understanding of pathogenesis, patient presentation, and guideline‐directed treatment is paramount. When operative intervention is necessary, mortality remains high at 20% to 30%. Unique TAVR infection risks present opportunities for PVE prevention, therefore, further investigation is imperative.
Incidence and Association of Reperfusion Therapies With Poststroke Seizures
Authors: Lekoubou Alain , Fox Jonah , Ssentongo Paddy 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence and risk of seizures following acute stroke reperfusion therapy (intravenous thrombolysis [IVT] with r-tPA [recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator], mechanical thrombectomy or both).

Methods:
We searched major databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) for articles published between 1995 and October 28, 2019. The primary outcome was the overall and treatment specific pooled incidence of poststroke seizures (PSS) following acute reperfusion therapy. We also computed the pooled incidence of early poststroke seizures and late poststroke seizures separately for all studies. We derived the risk of PSS associated with IVT in the pooled cohort of patients who received only IVT. The small number of studies (<3) that reported on the risk of PSS associated with mechanical thrombectomy alone or in combination with IVT did not allow us to compute an estimate of the risk of seizures associated with this therapy.

Results:
We identified 13 753 patients with stroke, of which 592 had seizures. The pooled incidence of PSS was 5.9 % (95% CI, 4.2%–8.2%). PSS incidence rates among patients with stroke treated with IVT, mechanical thrombectomy, and both were respectively 6.1% (95% CI, 3.6%–10.2%), 5.9% (95% CI, 4.1%–8.4%), and 5.8 % (95% CI, 3.0%–10.9%). The incidence of late PSS was 6.7% (95% CI, 4.01%–11.02%) and that of early PSS was 3.14% (95% CI, 2.05%–4.76%). The pooled odds ratio for the association between IVT and PSS was 1.24 (95% CI, 0.75–2.05).

Conclusions:
The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that about one in 15 ischemic stroke patients treated with IVT, mechanical thrombectomy, or both develop seizures independently of the specific reperfusion treatment that they received.
Gender and Willingness to Lead: Does the Gender Composition of Teams Matter?
Authors: Born Andreas , Ranehill Eva , Sandberg Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe explore how team gender composition affects willingness to lead by randomly assigning participants in an experiment to male- or female-majority teams. Irrespective of team gender composition, men are substantially more willing than women to lead their team. The pooled sample, and women separately, are more willing to lead female- than male-majority teams. An analysis of mechanisms reveals that a large share of the negative effect of male-majority teams on women's leadership aspirations is accounted for by a negative effect on women's confidence, influence, and expected support from team members.
A Natural Experiment on Job Insecurity and Fertility in France
Authors: Clark Andrew E. , Lepinteur Anthony 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Job insecurity can have wide-ranging consequences outside of the labor market. A 1999 rise in the French layoff tax paid by large private firms when they laid off older workers made younger workers less secure; this insecurity reduced their fertility by 3.7 percentage points (with a 95% confidence interval between 0.7 and 6.6 percentage points). Reduced fertility is found only at the intensive margin: job insecurity reduces family size but not the probability of parenthood itself. Our results also suggest negative selection into parenthood, as this fertility effect does not appear for low-income and less-educated workers.
Quality Control and Processing of Cooperative Observer Program Hourly Precipitation Data
Authors: Lawrimore Jay H. , Wuertz David , Wilson Anna , Stevens Scott , Menne Matthew , Korzeniewski Bryant , Palecki Michael A. , Leeper Ronald D. , Trunk Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has operated a network of Fischer & Porter gauges providing hourly and subhourly precipitation observations as part of the U.S. Cooperative Observer Program since the middle of the twentieth century. A transition from punched paper recording to digital recording was completed by NOAA’s National Weather Service in 2013. Subsequently, NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) upgraded its quality assurance and data stewardship processes to accommodate the new digital record, better assure the quality of the data, and improve the timeliness by which hourly precipitation observations are made available to the user community. Automated methods for removing noise, detecting diurnal variations, and identifying malfunctioning gauges are described along with quality control algorithms that are applied on hourly and daily time scales. The quality of the hourly observations during the digital era is verified by comparison with hourly observations from the U.S. Climate Reference Network and summary of the day precipitation totals from the Global Historical Climatology Network dataset.