bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single cell BCR and transcriptome analysis after respiratory virus infection reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of antigen-specific B cell responses
Authors: Mathew Nimitha R. , Jayanthan Jayalal K. , Smirnov Ilya , Robinson Jonathan L. , Axelsson Hannes , Nakka Sravya S. , Emmanouilidi Aikaterini , Czarnewski Paulo , Yewdell William T. , Lebrero-Fernández Cristina , Bernasconi Valentina , Harandi Ali M. , Lycke Nils , Borcherding Nicholas , Yewdell Jonathan W. , Greiff Victor , Bemark Mats , Angeletti Davide 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYB cell responses are a critical component of anti-viral immunity. However, a comprehensive picture of antigen-specific B cell responses, differentiation, clonal proliferation and dynamics in different organs after infection is lacking. Here, we combined single-cell RNA sequencing with single-cell B cell receptor (BCR) characterization of antigen-specific cells in the draining lymph nodes, spleen and lungs after influenza infection. We identify several novel B cell subpopulations forming after infection and find organ-specific differences that persist over the course of the response. We discover important transcriptional differences between memory cells in lungs and lymphoid organs and describe organ-restricted clonal expansion. Strikingly, by combining BCR mutational analysis, monoclonal antibody expression and affinity measurements we find no differences between germinal center (GC)-derived memory and plasmacells, at odds with an affinity-based selection model. By linking antigen-recognition with transcriptional programming, clonal-proliferation and differentiation, these finding provide important advances in our understanding of antiviral B cell immunity.
How to limit the speed of a motor: The intricate regulation of the XPB ATPase and Translocase in TFIIH
Authors: Kappenberger J. , Koelmel W. , Schoenwetter E. , Scheuer T. , Woerner J. , Kuper J. , Kisker C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe superfamily 2 helicase XPB is an integral part of the general transcription factor TFIIH and assumes essential catalytic functions in transcription initiation and nucleotide excision repair. In both processes the ATPase activity of XPB is essential. We investigated the interaction network that regulates XPB via the p52 and p8 subunits with functional mutagenesis based on a crystal structure of the full p52/p8 complex and current cryo-EM structures. Importantly, we show that XPB’s ATPase can be activated either by DNA or by the interaction with the p52/p8 proteins. Intriguingly, we observe that the ATPase activation by p52/p8 is significantly weaker than the activation by DNA and when both p52/p8 and DNA are present, p52/p8 dominates the maximum activation. We therefore define p52/p8 as the master regulator of XPB that acts as an activator and speed limiter at the same time. A correlative analysis of the ATPase and translocase activities of XPB shows that XPB only acts as a translocase within the context of complete core TFIIH and that XPA increases the processivity of the translocase complex without altering XPB’s ATPase activity. Our data unravel an intricate network that tightly controls the activity of XPB during transcription and nucleotide excision repair.
The assessment of the appraisal of records: case of the University of the Witwatersrand and the University of Venda
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the state of appraisal with regard to compliance with archives and records management legislations (ARML), the archives and records management policy (ARMP), reappraisal of records, capacity building, archives building and electronic records management (ERM) and to make a recommendation based on the research findings.Design/methodology/approachThis study was based on the qualitative research technique. The research approach was a multiple case study comparing the previously advantaged and disadvantaged universities in South Africa.FindingsThe study found that ARML, ARMP, reappraisal of records and capacity building are essential for the appraisal of university records. The lack of appropriate appraisal theory/strategy led to a loss of institutional memory.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was limited to the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) and the University of Venda (UNIVEN). These two institutions are representatives of the state of archiving in South Africa.Practical implicationsThis research will serve a benchmark for other South African universities, intending to implement systematic disposal of records in compliance with legislations and policies.Social implicationsFailure by universities to appraise records will lead to the loss of institutional memory. This implies that history of institution will be lost if necessary measures are not taken.Originality/valueThere is very little, if any, research on the appraisal of South African universities’ records. The outcome of this research will benefit universities that are seeking to develop and implement appraisal strategies.
Building trust in multi-stakeholder collaborations for new product development in the digital transformation era
Authors: Barrane Fatima Zahra , Ndubisi Nelson Oly , Kamble Sachin , Karuranga Gahima Egide , Poulin Diane 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe study aims to explore the critical approaches adopted by innovative organizations and to build an environment of trust between the multiple stakeholders collaborating for new product development (NPD).Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research approach is adopted in this study. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from the wood product industry in Quebec, Canada. These organizations have successfully adopted the latest technological developments and have developed a strong collaboration with their stakeholders.FindingsThe study identified eleven strategies for the innovative organizations that included early involvement of the stakeholders in the design process, developing long-term relationships and fostering a transparent environment using Industry 4.0 technologies. A novel framework for using this strategy is presented with three stages of application, namely, planning, enactment and review.Practical implicationsInter-organizational collaborations in NPD are more successful when imbued with trust. The NPD strategies must allow innovative organizations to achieve a balanced ecosystem in which value created through the adaption of new technology can be thoroughly captured through commercialization on time with no field failure.Originality/valueThe study adds to the body of knowledge in stakeholder theory and NPD research and practice.
Reclaiming the heterogeneity of the Arab states
Authors: Almutairi Shihanah , Heller Michael , Yen Dorothy 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper addresses the clustering of several Arab states on Hofstede's national culture dimensions and its implications for international firms targeting the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. It is imperative to distinguish the region's various national cultures, in order to enable enhanced segmenting strategies. The authors argue that reexamining the Arab states' national cultures can provide interested firms with a better understanding of their differences and similarities, so as to appropriately adjust their products and services to better serve their consumers.Design/methodology/approachHofstede's Values Survey Module 2013 (VSM 13) questionnaire is employed. In total, 1400 surveys were disseminated to all the Arab states, 200 for each country.Findingsfind evidence that national cultural differences do exist for Arab states and discuss implications toward international firms expanding in the region.Originality/valueEmpirical contributions include the dissemination and translation of Hofstede's national culture survey, the VSM 13, on seven Arab states: Kuwait, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Lebanon, Iraq, Libya and Egypt. Second, the VSM 13 survey measured the Arab states on two more dimensions which had not been previously measured before the present study's investigation. Last, the theoretical contribution of the present study offers empirical evidence that the MENA region's national culture profiles differ on all dimensions, and as such its findings are seen as an extension and validation of Hofstede's national culture theory.
Effects of search, experience and credence attributes versus suggestive brand names on product evaluations
Authors: Gunasti Kunter , Kara Selcan , Ross, Jr William T. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis research aims to examine how credence, search and experience attributes compete with suggestive brand names that are incongruent with the attributes they cue (e.g. expensive EconoLodge Motel, short-lasting Duracell battery and joint-stiffening JointFlex pill).Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on experimental studies, together with analyses of variance,t-tests and logistic regressions.FindingsIncongruent suggestive brand names can distort product evaluations and alter perceptions of product performance in joint product judgments involving contradictory credence attributes; they can misdirect product evaluations even if the search attributes conflict with competitor brands. Furthermore, they are more likely to backfire if contradictory experience attributes are readily available to consumers.Research limitations/implicationsThis test of the role of incongruence between suggestive brand names and actual product features includes key concepts that can inform continued studies, such as search attributes that consumers can readily observe, experience attributes that can be observed only after product use and credence attributes that might not be observed even after use.Practical implicationsThis study provides applicable guidelines for managers, consumers and policymakers.Originality/valueThe findings expand beyond prior literature that focuses on memory-based, separate evaluations of advertised benefits and inferences or expectations of unavailable attributes. Specifically, this study details the implications of congruence between the suggestive brand names and different types of attributes observable at different consumption stages.
Board level (in)visibility and critical mass in South African companies
Authors: Zajiji Ziphozihle , Wilson-Prangley Anthony , Ndletyana Dorothy 
Published: August 2020

PurposeWomen still face barriers that delay their upward mobility in organisations. This study aims to examine whether women experience critical mass as sufficient to shift deep level discursive dynamics, theorised as an (in)visibility Vortex.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method was used to collect and analyse data on the lived experiences of 16 board-level female leaders who have been appointed to male-dominated boardrooms in South Africa.FindingsThe findings confirm that numeric representation is too simplistic to resolve deep level gendered dynamics. At a personal level: self-confidence, a bigger purpose and competence-experience were found to be counter-forces to Vortex. The role of the chairperson was also crucial.Practical implicationsOrganisations must be reminded that even where the number of women on a board has reached beyond a critical mass, hidden barriers still exist. When developing women leaders, practitioners need to penetrate below the surface to appreciate the undercurrents and address them at that level. Organisations need to nurture the personal attributes that counter the forces of the Vortex. Mentorship, sponsorship and coaching may be beneficial. The role of the chairperson is especially important in disrupting deep level dynamics. Chairpersons need to be more deliberate and proactive to refute behaviours that exclude and undermine women’s full participation.Originality/valueContrary to the (in)visibility perspectives, the women in this study did not “withdraw” or “conceal” their gender when “exposed” in male-dominated boardroom dynamics. Reasons for this are explored including the potential for further research on the construction of a “trailblazing” identity.
Firm investment decisions for information security under a fuzzy environment: a game-theoretic approach
Authors: Gupta Rohit , Biswas Baidyanath , Biswas Indranil , Sana Shib Sankar 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine optimal decisions for information security investments for a firm in a fuzzy environment. Under both sequential and simultaneous attack scenarios, optimal investment of firm, optimal efforts of attackers and their economic utilities are determined.

Design/methodology/approach
Throughout the analysis, a single firm and two attackers for a “firm as a leader” in a sequential game setting and “firm versus attackers” in a simultaneous game setting are considered. While the firm makes investments to secure its information assets, the attackers spend their efforts to launch breaches.

Findings
It is observed that the firm needs to invest more when it announces its security investment decisions ahead of attacks. In contrast, the firm can invest relatively less when all agents are unaware of each other’s choices in advance. Further, the study reveals that attackers need to exert higher effort when no agent enjoys the privilege of being a leader.

Research limitations/implications
In a novel approach, inherent system vulnerability of the firm, financial benefit of attackers from the breach and monetary loss suffered by the firm are considered, as fuzzy variables in the well-recognized Gordon – Loeb breach function, with the help of fuzzy expectation operator.

Practical implications
This study reports that the optimal breach effort exerted by each attacker is proportional to its obtained economic benefit for both sequential and simultaneous attack scenarios. A set of numerical experiments and sensitivity analyzes complement the analytical modeling.

Originality/value
In a novel approach, inherent system vulnerability of the firm, financial benefit of attackers from the breach and monetary loss suffered by the firm are considered, as fuzzy variables in the well-recognized Gordon – Loeb breach function, with the help of fuzzy expectation operator.
Sustainability can start with a garden!
Authors: Newsome David 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a readily accessible synopsis of a complex subject and consider sustainability from a personal experiential level right through to a big picture study in the context of sustainable cities.

Design/methodology/approach
A combination of personal experiences, on-line sources and research papers were used to trace the complex human dilemma of achieving sustainability in city environments. Although a difficult task for many people to embrace, the study presented here forwards the idea that it is possible for individuals, communities and governments to make a positive contribution by engaging in the garden city concept.

Findings
This paper provides a context and study on the complexities surrounding achieving sustainable cities, yet at the same time providing some insight as to what can be achieved if all levels of society are engaged.

Research limitations/implications
This paper emphasises the issues surrounding and importance of sustainable cities and considers a tangible goal for city dwellers at all levels of society.

Practical implications
This paper enables an appreciation of the role urban gardens, right through to the role that appropriate government policy, can play in contributing to, developing and conserving greenspace in cities.

Social implications
This paper fosters a simplified understanding of the potential of citizen contribution providing there is some awareness and the motivation to make a difference.

Originality/value
The study offers a brief personal perspective and connects this with relevant literature to build a case that urban sustainability, although complex, is achievable even though it may take small steps in gaining the necessary momentum.
Board characteristics and foreign equity ownership: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Md Mamunur 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of board characteristics on foreign equity ownership (FEO) in the listed public limited companies of Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThe study collected data from 418 annual reports of listed companies of Bangladesh for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017 to examine the effect of board characteristics on FEO. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression methods are used to test the hypotheses of the study.FindingsThe results show that board size has significant negative influence on FEO. Other board characteristics variables such as board independence and female directorship appear to have an insignificant influence on FEO. However, several firm characteristics variables such as return on assets, market-to-book ratio, firm size and firm age have a significant positive relationship with FEO. While presenting the regression results separately for manufacturing and non-manufacturing firms, the findings reveal a number of differences in the results between the two sectors.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation of the study is that it concentrates only on three years annual report data in analyzing the hypothesized relationships.Practical implicationsPolicy makers, regulators and top management can get meaningful insights with respect to optimal board structure and firm characteristics to attract foreign investors as the results revealed significant effects of several board and firm characteristics variables on FEO.Originality/valueThe present study includes the presence of female directors on the board to represent board characteristics. No other study has examined the relationship between FEO and female directors.
The mediating effect of productivity on profitability in Indian construction firms
Authors: Cyril Edison Jolly , Singla Harish Kumar 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the effect of firm age and size on profitability and productivity of construction firms in India. It also attempts to understand the indirect effect of firm age and size on profitability mediated through firm's productivity.Design/methodology/approachData of 64 construction firms, for a period of 12 years (2006–2017), were collected. In order to measure the direct and indirect effect of size and age on profitability and productivity, a structural equation model was developed. In the structural models, productivity is a latent variable measured through proxies of material productivity (MP), labor productivity (LP) and equipment productivity (EP). The profitability is measured using three financial ratios: return on asset (ROA), return on capital employed (ROCE) and return on net worth (RONW). Then the direct and indirect effect of age and size is measured on ROA, ROCE, RONW and productivity.FindingsThe findings of the study suggest that age has a direct negative effect on profitability; however, it has an indirect positive effect on profitability, which is mediated by firm's productivity. This positive indirect effect compensates the direct negative effect and leads to an overall positive effect of firm age on profitability. However, firm size shows no effect on profitability and productivity.Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, the study is the first attempt to measure the indirect effect of age and size on profitability, mediated through productivity. The study also examines the interrelationship among firms’ profitability and productivity and bridges an important research gap. The study proposes an integrated theoretical framework with a clear view of the interrelationships among age, size, profitability and productivity for construction firms in India, which can be further tested and validated for generalization.
Macroeconomic factors, corporate governance and financial malpractices in Nigerian banks
Authors: Omankhanlen Alexander Ehimare , Tometi Ediomi Abasi-Favor , Urhie Ese 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Many studies have traced the collapse of most banks in the past to weak corporate governance. In response to this, the Central Bank of Nigeria established a Code of Corporate Governance which was made mandatory for all banks in Nigeria since 2003. Fifteen years after this provision the amount of actual loss attributed to financial malpractices in banks is still substantial. Available statistics show that the number of fraud cases has been on the increase in recent times.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examined the extent to which corporate governance has mitigated or moderated the effect of two macroeconomic factors – unemployment and inflation – on fraud in Nigerian banks. An interactive model was specified and estimated with PROCESS – a computational tool developed by Andrew Hayes.

Findings
The result revealed that while the structure of corporate governance by banks in Nigeria moderates the effect of unemployment, the reverse is the case for inflation.

Practical implications
This goes to show that the motivation factor stipulated by the fraud triangle theory holds sway in Nigeria.

Originality/value
It is recommended that efforts to bring a lasting solution to the challenge of financial malpractices in Nigerian banks must adopt a holistic approach.
Exploring potential cruisers behavior based on a preference model: the Japanese cruise market
Authors: Kawasaki Tomoya , Lau Yui-yip 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the preferences of potential Japanese cruise ship tourists and identify the factors influencing their participation in cruise ship tourism. In the analysis, preference for cruise ports in East Asia is also examined.

Design/methodology/approach
The behavioral model of potential cruiser is developed through a mixed ordered logit approach. The data are collected by means of the stated preference method with the application of a Web-based questionnaire. Multiple answers are collected from each respondent. Hence, panel effects between answers are considered so as to obtain a robust model.

Findings
The results show that Nagasaki and Hong Kong ports are preferred, and other domestic ports, namely, Kobe, Kagoshima, and Naha are also relatively popular places to visit. However, potential Japanese cruisers are reluctant to visit two South Korean destinations which are frequently selected as cruise lines by avoiding Cabotage rule. Besides, shorter cruise duration and lower prices increase the possibility of participation in cruise tourism, particularly for working people. Retirees tend to have less interest in cruise tourism. However, Japanese-related services will increase retirees’ intentions to participate in cruise tourism.

Research limitations/implications
This study attempts to analyze potential cruisers’ behavior toward cruise ship tourism in Japan and discusses how to increase the number of cruisers participating in cruise ship tourism. In this vein, repeat behavior should also be analyzed. Repeat behavior contributes to the maintenance and increase in cruisers in Japan.

Originality/value
There is no study on potential cruiser’s behavior analysis in Japan which is the emerging country as cruise market. Thus, the number of potential cruisers is expected to be high. This study reveals that potential cruisers’ preferences on cruise ship services (e.g. duration, price, on board services, etc.), which are separately analysed for working ages and retirees. Besides, preferences on port of calls in East Asian context are revealed. These results are useful for cruise ship industries, especially for cruise lines.