bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Effect of HAART on Renal Function of HIV Patients Attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon
Authors: Nforbugwe Achu C. A. , Asongalem Acha E. , Nchotu Bihnwi R. , Tanue Elvis A. , Wirsiy Frankline S. , Assob Nguedia J. C. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Management of HIV involves a life-long administration of a cocktail of antiretroviral drugs, some of which have been known for their nephrotoxicity. Despite the increasing access to this combination therapy, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) information on its renal effect is still scarce and contradictory. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of HAART on the renal function of HIV-infected patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon.

Methods:
This was a comparative hospital-based cross-sectional study involving HIV positive and negative individuals who visited the Day clinic of the Bamenda Regional Hospital during the study period. Spectrophotometry was used to quantify the renal markers. Glomerular Filtration Rate was determined by the 24 hours creatinine clearance method. Blood urea nitrogen was calculated from serum urea concentrations. Renal impairment was then classified according to the National Kidney Foundation clinical practice guideline. Data were analysed on SPSS version 21 using Student t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.

Results:
A total of 201 participants were enrolled in this study, of which 144(71.6%) were females. Their ages ranged between 22 to 60 years with a mean age of 37.4 ± 9.6 years. The participants were divided into 3 study groups; HIV negative, HAART-naïve and the HAART experienced groups. The HAART experienced group had a significantly higher mean BUN and BUN-Creatinine ratio (p= 0.001 and 0.003 respectively) as well as the least creatinine clearance (p= 0.017) when compared to the other groups meanwhile the HAART-naive group had a significantly higher mean urine protein (p= 0.026) when compared to the other two categories. There was no association between renal dysfunction and the HAART regimen as well as adherence to treatment.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that though the participants on HAART had decreased renal function, the mean Creatinine clearance was not statistically different from that of the participants not yet on HAART. this is indicative that the decreased renal function could be as a result of the devastating effect of HIV. It further demonstrates no association between decreased renal function to the type of HAART regimen used, duration on HAART as well as the patient’s adherence to treatment.
Ciprofloxacin Resistant Salmonella Typhi Isolated at National Microbiology Reference Laboratory in Harare, Zimbabwe (January to April 2016)
Authors: Mutaurwa Ndatenda Shamiso , Munemo Ellen , Malunga Garikai , Zhou Danai Tavonga 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Typhoid is a life-threatening infectious disease requiring the administration of antibiotics for treatment. Ciprofloxacin is the antibiotic of choice for diarrheal cases in Zimbabwe, adopted by the Ministry of Health and Child Care, from current World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. However, there has been an increase in the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance against ciprofloxacin and conventional drugs antibiotics for the treatment of typhoid.

Objective:
This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolated in Harare for the first quarter of 2016.

Methods:
This study was carried out at the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL), located at Harare Central Hospital, in Zimbabwe. The NMRL carries out confirmatory tests and molecular typing of pathogens isolated at different national laboratories. The current study retrieved demographics, clinical data, and isolates for confirmed typhoid cases out of 402 suspected specimens. The isolates from Harare, confirmed as S. Typhi, between January and April 2016, were evaluated for ciprofloxacin resistance.

Results:
A total of 35 S. Typhi isolates were recovered for the period from January to April 2016. When the 35 isolates were characterised, nine (25.7%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The area with the highest recorded cases of typhoid fever was Budiriro High-Density Suburb in Harare. This area has been hit by other diarrheal outbreaks in the past, most likely due to the intermittent supply of safe water.

Conclusion:
Most high-density areas, where S. Typhi positive specimens originated, are overpopulated and have regular water cuts, resulting in a decrease in hygiene. More than a quarter of isolates are resistant to ciprofloxacin, agreeing with other reports from Zimbabwe. The misuse of antibiotics could be associated with resistance, necessitating education on the correct use of antibiotics in the community and other preventive measures. Additionally, molecular research on geographic and phylogenetic relatedness of isolates and other holistic approaches for studying the development of antimicrobial resistance mutations, using whole-genome sequencing, in this setting, are warranted.
Social Support and Breast Cancer Recurrence: Is there any Association?
Authors: Hosseini Leyli , Dehghani Mehdi , Tahmasebi Sedigheh , Akrami Majid , Shokrpour Nasrin , Ravangard Ramin 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Breast cancer is the most prominent cause of women's mortality due to cancer and is one of the most serious and commonly diagnosed cancers among Iranian women. Also, social support plays a vital role in breast cancer patients' lives and their diagnosis and treatment processes. This study aimed to determine the associations between social support status and the recurrence of breast cancer in women breast cancer referred to the Breast Diseases Research Center in Motahari Clinic in Shiraz, Iran in 2018.

Methods:
This was an applied and descriptive-analytic study on women with breast cancer referred to the Breast Diseases Research Center in Motahari Clinic in Shiraz, Iran in 2018. A sample of 221 patients in two groups of 117 non-recurrence patients and 44 patients with recurrence and metastasis were selected randomly. A localized standard questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0.

Results:
Based on the results, there were significant differences between the two studied groups of patients with and without recurrence in terms of the means of social support and all of its dimensions (P-value<0.05); the means of social support and all of its dimensions in the group of patients without recurrence were higher than those in those with recurrence. Also, 88.6% of patients in the group without recurrence received high social support, while in the group of patients with recurrence, only 11.4% of them received high social support.

Conclusion:
The results showed that the breast cancer patients studied without recurrence had higher social support. Therefore, to improve the studied patients' health, we recommend providing the patients with a safe and secure environment, giving accurate and complete responses to the patients' questions, providing continuous psychological counseling, etc.
Collaborative Networks in Primary and Specialized Palliative Care in Switzerland - Perspectives of Doctors and Nurses
Authors: Schweighoffer R. , Reeves E. , Liebig B. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:To date, information about collaborative networks of doctors and nurses in palliative care is still scarce, yet of great importance in revealing gaps in collaboration. This paper investigates the collaboration frequencies of medical doctors and nurses within, and across, different settings of palliative care.Methods:The study was based on a Swiss national survey on “Collaboration and cooperation in Palliative Care”. The subjects surveyed included service providers in the primary and specialized palliative care sectors, as well as support services (N=1111). Information about ties between providers was gathered by asking professionals to estimate the frequency of interaction with other professionals within the last year, on a daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis. Social network analysis was used to assess the interaction patterns of nurses and doctors (N= 728) in primary and specialized care settings.Results:Visual representations indicated that, contrary to primary care settings, healthcare providers in specialized care settings reported of numerous interactions with other professions. In primary care, general practitioners reported the least frequent interactions with other professions. Of all providers investigated, specialized doctors in hospitals and hospices reported the densest collaborative networks.Implication:Gaps regarding collaboration in Swiss palliative care provision were revealed. Based on the results of the study, recommendations on how to improve service quality by strengthening the interaction patterns of general practitioners, as well as community-based palliative care, are provided.
A Framework for Applying Natural Language Processing in Digital Health Interventions
Authors: Funk Burkhardt , Sadeh-Sharvit Shiri , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E , Trockel Mickey Todd , Monterubio Grace E , Goel Neha J , Balantekin Katherine N , Eichen Dawn M , Flatt Rachael E , Firebaugh Marie-Laure , Jacobi Corinna , Graham Andrea K , Hoogendoorn Mark , Wilfley Denise E , Taylor C Barr 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundDigital health interventions (DHIs) are poised to reduce target symptoms in a scalable, affordable, and empirically supported way. DHIs that involve coaching or clinical support often collect text data from 2 sources: (1) open correspondence between users and the trained practitioners supporting them through a messaging system and (2) text data recorded during the intervention by users, such as diary entries. Natural language processing (NLP) offers methods for analyzing text, augmenting the understanding of intervention effects, and informing therapeutic decision making.ObjectiveThis study aimed to present a technical framework that supports the automated analysis of both types of text data often present in DHIs. This framework generates text features and helps to build statistical models to predict target variables, including user engagement, symptom change, and therapeutic outcomes.MethodsWe first discussed various NLP techniques and demonstrated how they are implemented in the presented framework. We then applied the framework in a case study of the Healthy Body Image Program, a Web-based intervention trial for eating disorders (EDs). A total of 372 participants who screened positive for an ED received a DHI aimed at reducing ED psychopathology (including binge eating and purging behaviors) and improving body image. These users generated 37,228 intervention text snippets and exchanged 4285 user-coach messages, which were analyzed using the proposed model.ResultsWe applied the framework to predict binge eating behavior, resulting in an area under the curve between 0.57 (when applied to new users) and 0.72 (when applied to new symptom reports of known users). In addition, initial evidence indicated that specific text features predicted the therapeutic outcome of reducing ED symptoms.ConclusionsThe case study demonstrates the usefulness of a structured approach to text data analytics. NLP techniques improve the prediction of symptom changes in DHIs. We present a technical framework that can be easily applied in other clinical trials and clinical presentations and encourage other groups to apply the framework in similar contexts.
Francisco de Miranda en La Habana (1780-17839
Authors: Hernández Estrada Yakelín , Padrón Iglesias Wilfredo 
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo aborda la presencia de Francisco de Miranda en Cuba, entre 1780 y 1783, considerado uno de los periodos más complejos de su trayectoria. Se realizó una valoración de los factores fundamentales que incidieron en su formación intelectual y trayectoria militar durante la etapa abordada. Las fuentes utilizadas se corresponden con documentos de su archivo personal y otros resguardados en los archivos cubanos, así como textos de prestigiosos estudiosos de su obra y pensamiento. Como resultado se valoran las contradicciones que provocaron su enfrentamiento con los dos principales poderes hispanos de entonces: la Corona y la Inquisición. Estos hechos provocaron su salida del ejército español y conformaron el preámbulo para la formación de sus primeras ideas independentistas a favor de Hispanoamérica. Abstract: This article deals with the presence of Francisco de Miranda in Cuba, between 1780 and 1783, considered one of the most complex periods of his career. For the preparation of this work assessing the key factors that influenced his intellectual training and military career during the stage was developed. The sources used correspond to documents from his personal archives and others from the Cuban archives and texts of prestigious scholars of his work and thought. The contradictions that provoked his clashes with the two major powers of the time, Hispanic Crown and Inquisition are considered. These facts led to his departure from the Spanish army and formed the prelude to the formation of his first ideas of independence for Latin America. Key words: Francisco de Miranda, La Habana, Inquisition, Caribbean, Spain.
DEVELOPMENT OF INQUIRY-BASED STUDENT WORKSHEETS (LKPD) ON MATHEMATICS SUBJECT IN THE MATERIAL OF CUBES AND BLOCKS TO IMPROVE MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING OF SLOW LEANERS
Authors: Kurnia Rina , Nurhayati Yeti 
Published: February 2020

This research is background by most of the slow learner children who are slow in understanding the basic concepts of cubes and blocks, slow learners children still have difficulty in verbally defining the concept of cubes and blocks. This research aims to develop the Student Inquiry Worksheet (LKPD) based on inquiry in the mathematics subject matter of cubes and beams in slow learners and to find out the improvement of the ability of mathematical understanding of slow learners of children on cube and blocks material after applying inquiry-based learning models. The research was conducted at SDN Margahayu 08 Bandung Regency, using the Research and Development model. LKPD was developed with the stages of identifying problems, collecting data, designing LKPD, validating, revising designs, and conducting LKPD trials. The results of the analysis using SPSS software version 24.0 For windows with several stages of testing, namely the prerequisite test (normality and homogeneity test), T test (paired sample t test). by first analyzing the test result data (pre-test and post-test) conducted individually on the child slow learner about the ability to understand mathematical concepts of cube and beam material. the results showed that LKPD was appropriate to be used in learning slow learner cubes and blocks with inquiry-based material and there was an increase in the ability to understand mathematical concepts of slow learner children by using LKPD and by applying inquiry-based learning models.
Análise do Programa de Implantação de Bibliotecas Rurais “Arca das Letras” no Maranhão
Authors: Martins Carlos Wellington Soares , Porto Iris Maria Ribeiro 
Published: February 2020

Apresenta o resultado de pesquisa no nível de Mestrado do Programa em Pós Graduação em Desenvolvimento Socioespacial e Regional da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão na linha de pesquisa Região, movimentos sociais e territorialidades que teve como objetivo geral analisar o impacto nas formas de sociabilidade nas comunidades rurais de Codó – MA a partir da implantação do Programa de Bibliotecas Rurais “Arca das Letras”. A intenção da pesquisa foi estabelecer uma relação entre Estado, políticas públicas de incentivo à leitura e as práticas sociais decorrentes dessa implantação; reconhecer as práticas sociais e políticas de leitura efetivadas no Maranhão e o panorama da realidade leitora no estado; identificar as práticas sociais e culturais decorrentes da implantação do Programa de Bibliotecas Rurais “Arca das Letras” e avaliar o espaço rural maranhense enquanto lócus de contrastes no universo da leitura e do acesso à informação. A partir do delineamento dos objetivos e da leitura extensiva de referencial teórico da temática, montou-se um cenário permitindo comparações entre os relatórios divulgados e os contrastes com a realidade constatada. Constata-se que a democratização do acesso à informação se configura como principal meio para que o indivíduo se sinta parte da construção de uma sociedade através das relações sociais propiciando o desenvolvimento local. Palavras-chave: Bibliotecas. Leitura. Política. Comunidades rurais.
2-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as prospective agents in trypanosomiasis and other parasitoses
Authors: Serban Georgeta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a serious public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. African trypanosomiasis, American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria and toxoplasmosis are the main parasitic infections caused by protozoan parasites with over one million deaths each year. Due to old medications and drug resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need for new antiparasitic drugs. 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles have been widely studied for medical applications. The chemical, physical and pharmacokinetic properties recommend 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring as a target in drug development. Many scientific papers report the antiparasitic potential of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles. This review presents synthetic 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles exhibiting antitrypanosomal, antimalarial and antitoxoplasmal activities. Although there are insufficient results to state the quality of 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as a new class of antiparasitic agents, many reported derivatives can be considered as lead compounds for drug synthesis and a promise for the future treatment of parasitosis and provide a valid strategy for the development of potent antiparasitic drugs.
Genealogy of Political Theatre in Post-Socialism. From the Anti-“System” Nihilism to the Anti-Capitalist Left
Authors: Schwartz David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
What have been the conditions of production for a political theatre to appear in post-1990s Romania? How and why contemporary theatre in Romania ended up ignoring or dismissing the leftwing, engaged or militant theatrical movements active before 1945? Why local theatre history and theory entirely obliterated, also, the politically-engaged theatre forms active during communism itself? What kind of tradition forms the contemporary political theatre, what is the politics that informs their working practices and collaborations, how do the artists engage with the groups they choose to give voice and with the audience? Using a broad and on-purpose multi-faceted definition of political theatre, the article focuses on theatre artists, practices and performances that question capitalism as a social and power structure, sometimes from an intersectional perspective, but always framing this criticism in a class approach. Largely a practice-based analysis, the text gives a comprehensive on-going history of a strong performative movement and its challenges, from the representational strategies and the financial and positioning issues to the scarcity of critical covering and reviewing and the extending of an (opposite) political engagement in the mainstream theatre in Romania.
Cultural Workers from the Paintbrush Factory. Between Institution-Building and Urban Development Challenges
Authors: Mironică Marina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper is an ethnography of cultural workers from the contemporary art centre from Cluj-Napoca, Romania – The Paintbrush Factory. The one-decade existence of the alternative space contributed to a range of changes in the local cultural scene and evolved from a physical space into a resource for the city’s culture-led development strategy. It also became affected and reshaped by wider changes in terms of applied cultural policies. Cultural workers’ perspective, their precarity and their involvement in the local art scene influenced the current commodification and entrepreneurialisation of the cultural offer. The Paintbrush Factory’s expansion and contraction are vividly presented through the reflexive lenses of the cultural workers and managers, whose case-study could easily be regarded as a signal and a symbol of the deficient cultural policies mostly oriented to profit and lacking any local and long term-vision.
STRATEGI PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA BOGOR MELALUI PENDEKATAN ANGGARAN DAN REGULASI
Authors: Dardiri Yusuf , Hartoyo Sri , Sarma Ma’mun 
Published: February 2020

The issue of poverty is a major problem in Indonesia, including in the city of Bogor. The number of poor household in the city of Bogor is fluctuating, from 2004 to 2010 has increased from 21.914 poor household in 2004 become 43.749 poor households in 2007. Sub sequently stable in the period 2008 to 2009 and a slight decrease in 2010 becoming 40.876 households. The year 2012 has increased to 42 328 households. City Government always increase direct spending as a way to reduce poverty. Based on the results of the regression analysis, it turns out increasing direct spending City Government, however, the number of poor households is increasing, it is likely caused by the presence of one target in a program conducted by the City Government.Key Word: Poverty, City of Bogor, direct spending ABSTRAKPersoalan kemiskinan merupakan persoalan utama di Indonesia termasuk di Kota Bogor. Jumlah Kepala Keluarga (KK) miskin di Kota Bogor mengalami fluktuasi,maka sejak tahun 2004 hingga tahun 2010 mengalami peningkatan dari angka 21.914 KK pada tahun 2004 menjadi 43.749 KK miskin pada tahun 2007. Selanjutnya stagnan pada periode 2008 sampai 2009 dan sedikit mengalami penurunan pada tahun 2010 menjadi 40.876 KK. Tahun 2012 mengalami peningkatan menjadi 42.328KK. Pemerintah Kota Bogor selalu meningkatkan belanja langsung sebagai salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi, ternyata semakin meningkatnya belanja langsung Pemerintah Kota Bogor, ternyata jumlah KK miskin selalu meningkat, hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh adanya salah sasaran dalam program yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Bogor.Kata Kunci: Kemiskinan, Kota Bogor, Belanja Langsung
Explorations in Bibliography: Zotero Goes Public
Authors: Morrison Greg 
Published: February 2020

The publishing of scholarly bibliographies has diminished significantly over the past two decades for an obvious reason: access to bibliographic tools via the Internet. But this has not marked the end altogether of research-level bibliographies, which are still vital to the preservation and advancement of knowledge. Research bibliographies are finding a new home online, and open source tools are now available to help scholars and librarians reestablish this genre in dynamic fashion. This listen and learn session discussed one such project that deploys Zotero, Tablesorter, and Libguides to serve a targeted group of users.