bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New psychoactive substances on dark web markets: From deal solicitation to forensic analysis of purchased substances
Authors: Jurásek Bronislav , Čmelo Ivan , Svoboda Jan , Čejka Jan , Svozil Daniel , Kuchař Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dark web scene has been drawing the attention of law enforcement agencies and researchers alike. To date, most of the published works on the dark web are based on data gained by passive observation. To gain a more contextualized perspective, a study was conducted in which three vendors were selected on the “Dream Market” dark web marketplace, from whom subsequently several new psychoactive substances (NPS) were ordered. All transactions were documented from the initial drug deal solicitation to the final qualitative analysis of all received samples. From the selected vendors, a total of nine NPS samples was obtained, all of which were analyzed by NMR, HRMS, LC‐UV, and two also by x‐ray diffraction. According to our analyses, four of the five substances offered under already known NPS names contained a different NPS. The selected vendors therefore either did not know about their product, or deliberately deceived the buyers. Furthermore, two of three obtained samples of purportedly novel NPS were identified as already documented substances sold under a different name. However, the third characterized substance sold as “MPF‐47700” was a novel, yet uncharacterized, NPS. Finally, we received a single undeclared substance, later identified as 5F‐ADB. In addition to chemical analysis of the nine obtained NPS samples, the methodology used also yielded contextual information about the accessibility of NPS on the dark web, the associated purchase process, and the modus operandi of three NPS vendors. Direct participation in dark web marketplaces seems to provide additional layers of information useful for forensic studies.
Pollen limitation in the endangered Chinese endemic species Sinocalycanthus chinensis
Authors: Li Junmin , Gu Jingjing , Wang Xinglong , Zhang Wenbiao , Jin Zexin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPollen limitation negatively impacts endangered and endemic plants with small fragmented populations, such as Sinocalycanthus chinensis, an endangered plant endemic to China. In this study, we analyzed the pollen limitation of the S. chinensis Damingshan (DMS) population in 2006, 2009, and 2010, and crossed plants with mates separated by different distances, both within and between populations. The DMS population exhibited strong pollen limitation in fruit set, seed set, and seeds per fruit in 2006, 2009, and 2010. The average accumulated pollen limitation (for fruit set times seeds per fruit) was 0.510 ± 0.180. Progeny crossed with pollen from intermediate neighboring plants within the same population (separated by 30–50 m from pollen recipients) had the lowest fitness. No optimal outcrossing distance was found within the DMS population. Progeny from crosses with the Shunxiwu (SXW) and Daleishan (DLS) populations performed relatively better, while those from crosses with Qingliangfeng (QLF) and Longxushan (LXS) populations performed worse. Compared with average reproductive success, outbreeding depression was found in progeny from crosses with the LXS and QLF populations. Reproductive success from pure self‐pollination indicated S. chinensis is self‐compatible. Geitonogamous selfing increased reproductive success. Based on geitonogamous selfing, the proportion of selfed offspring was relatively high. These results provide basic references for the conservation of this species.
Techno‐economic feasibility study on electric vehicle and renewable energy integration: A case study
Authors: Schetinger Annelys Machado , Dias Daniel Henrique Nogueira , Borba Bruno Soares Moreira César , Pimentel da Silva Gardenio Diogo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work simulated the economic viability of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy charging integration at a university campus. Homer energy simulation software was used to determine the optimal solution for the power loading, energy dispatch, and economic feasibility of each electricity source. Three scenarios were considered: case 1 (C1) is the baseline that provided the electric parameters considering a grid without renewable energy integration; case 2 (C2) is the addition of solar and wind systems supplying power to the grid and EVs; case 3 (C3) is the same conditions as C2, but EVs operate on vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) scheme supplying energy to grid. Economic output solutions were classified according to the lowest net present value (NPV). The V2G mechanism considered on the C3 offered conditions that decreased the costs of operation of the system, estimating the lowest NPV among the options analyzed. In C2, the simulations recorded higher costs due to the system operation associated with extra local load to power the EVs. In both C2 and C3 scenarios, EVs aided the renewable energy sources' penetration on the system; however, the operation of EVs on a V2G mechanism contributed to the highest rate of renewable energy penetration.
Descriptive sensory analysis and consumer preferences of bean sauces
Authors: Byarugaba Rachel , Nabubuya Agnes , Muyonga John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSensory acceptability of value‐added bean products is a critical determinant of their consumption. This study determined the factors influencing consumer preference of processed beans. Dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) processed by boiling, roasting, and extrusion were milled into flour and used to make bean sauces. The sauces were evaluated by 10 panelists using quantitative descriptive analysis and ranked by 120 consumers for preference. The factors influencing consumer preference were computed by a partial least squares regression model. The results showed that sauces were more distinguishable by appearance, taste, and mouth‐feel than by aroma, flavor, and after‐taste. Sauces that were brown in color, with burnt aroma and burnt after‐taste were preferred to those that were described as lumpy with mashed potato flavor. Oven roasted beans and boiled beans were preferred to traditionally roasted, extruded, and unprocessed beans. Preference was significantly (p < .05) positively influenced by brown color and negatively by lumpiness which were both sensory descriptors of the appearance of sauce. Appearance is therefore the leading influencer of consumer preference in bean sauces and should be prioritized by product developers over other sensory attributes in development of similar products for wider acceptance and utilization of common beans.
Race, gender, and scholarly impact: Disparities for women and faculty of color in clinical psychology
Authors: White Susan W. , Xia Mengya , Edwards Gabrielle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to determine if gender and race are associated with scientific impact, scholarly productivity, career advancement, and prestige.MethodsPublicly available data on publications, h‐index, advancement, and prestige were assessed across core faculty in all American Psychological Association‐accredited clinical psychology programs at R1 institutions in the United States (87 programs, 918 scientists).ResultsThere were significant effects of both gender and race on productivity and impact, which were most apparent among the most senior faculty. Men and white faculty in associate and full professor ranks had higher scholarly productivity and impact. Among associate professors, men were more likely to get tenure earlier, even when controlling for scientific impact (h‐index). Neither gender nor race was associated with prestige among full professors.ConclusionThese findings, along with under‐representation of non‐White faculty across levels (11.2%) and women at the full professor level (42.8%), suggest disparities in academic clinical psychology that must be addressed.
Metabolic profiling shows pre‐existing mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to muscle loss in a model of ICU‐acquired weakness
Authors: Kemp Paul R. , Paul Richard , Hinken Aaron C. , Neil David , Russell Alan , Griffiths Mark J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgery can lead to significant muscle loss, which increases recovery time and associates with increased mortality. Muscle loss is not uniform, with some patients losing significant muscle mass and others losing relatively little, and is likely to be accompanied by marked changes in circulating metabolites and proteins. Determining these changes may help understand the variability and identify novel therapeutic approaches or markers of muscle wasting.MethodsTo determine the association between muscle loss and circulating metabolites, we studied 20 male patients (median age, 70.5, interquartile range, 62.5–75) undergoing aortic surgery. Muscle mass was determined before and 7 days after surgery and blood samples were taken before surgery, and 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. The circulating metabolome and proteome were determined using commercial services (Metabolon and SomaLogic).ResultsTen patients lost more than 10% of the cross‐sectional area of the rectus femoris (RFCSA) and were defined as wasting. Metabolomic analysis showed that 557 circulating metabolites were altered following surgery (q < 0.05) in the whole cohort and 104 differed between wasting and non‐wasting patients (q < 0.05). Weighted genome co‐expression network analysis, identified clusters of metabolites, both before and after surgery, that associated with muscle mass and function (r = −0.72, p = 6 × 10−4 with RFCSA on Day 0, P = 3 × 10−4 with RFCSA on Day 7 and r = −0.73, P = 5 × 10−4 with hand‐grip strength on Day 7). These clusters were mainly composed of acyl carnitines and dicarboxylates indicating that pre‐existing mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to muscle loss following surgery. Surgery elevated cortisol to the same extent in wasting and non‐wasting patients, but the cortisol:cortisone ratio was higher in the wasting patients (Day 3 P = 0.043 and Day 7 P = 0.016). Wasting patients also showed a greater increase in circulating nucleotides 3 days after surgery. Comparison of the metabolome with inflammatory markers identified by SOMAscan® showed that pre‐surgical mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) (r = 0.79, P = 2 × 10−4) and that GDF‐15, interleukin (IL)‐8), C‐C motif chemokine 23 (CCL‐23), and IL‐15 receptor subunit alpha (IL‐15RA) contributed to metabolic changes in response to surgery.ConclusionsWe show that pre‐existing mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced cortisol inactivation contribute to muscle loss following surgery. The data also implicate GDF‐15 and IL‐15RA in mitochondrial dysfunction.
Delineating the neurological phenotype in children with defects in the ECHS1 or HIBCH gene
Authors: Marti‐Sanchez Laura , Baide‐Mairena Heidy , Marcé‐Grau Anna , Pons Roser , Skouma Anastasia , López‐Laso Eduardo , Sigatullina Maria , Rizzo Cristiano , Semeraro Michela , Martinelli Diego , Carrozzo Rosalba , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , González‐Gutiérrez‐Solana Luis , Correa‐Vela Marta , Ortigoza‐Escobar Juan Dario , Sánchez‐Montañez Ángel , Vazquez Élida , Delgado Ignacio , Aguilera‐Albesa Sergio , Yoldi María Eugenia , Ribes Antonia , Tort Frederic , Pollini Luca , Galosi Serena , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Tolve Manuela , Pérez‐Gay Laura , Aldamiz‐Echevarría Luis , Del Toro Mireia , Arranz Antonio , Roelens Filip , Urreizti Roser , Artuch Rafael , Macaya Alfons , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe neurological phenotype of 3‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) and short‐chain enoyl‐CoA hydratase (SCEH) defects is expanding and natural history studies are necessary to improve clinical management. From 42 patients with Leigh syndrome studied by massive parallel sequencing, we identified five patients with SCEH and HIBCH deficiency. Fourteen additional patients were recruited through collaborations with other centres. In total, we analysed the neurological features and mutation spectrum in 19 new SCEH/HIBCH patients. For natural history studies and phenotype to genotype associations we also included 70 previously reported patients. The 19 newly identified cases presented with Leigh syndrome (SCEH, n = 11; HIBCH, n = 6) and paroxysmal dystonia (SCEH, n = 2). Basal ganglia lesions (18 patients) were associated with small cysts in the putamen/pallidum in half of the cases, a characteristic hallmark for diagnosis. Eighteen pathogenic variants were identified, 11 were novel. Among all 89 cases, we observed a longer survival in HIBCH compared to SCEH patients, and in HIBCH patients carrying homozygous mutations on the protein surface compared to those with variants inside/near the catalytic region. The SCEH p.(Ala173Val) change was associated with a milder form of paroxysmal dystonia triggered by increased energy demands. In a child harbouring SCEH p.(Ala173Val) and the novel p.(Leu123Phe) change, an 83.6% reduction of the protein was observed in fibroblasts. The SCEH and HIBCH defects in the catabolic valine pathway were a frequent cause of Leigh syndrome in our cohort. We identified phenotype and genotype associations that may help predict outcome and improve clinical management.
Treponema denticola stimulates Oncostatin M cytokine release and de novo synthesis in neutrophils and macrophages
Authors: Jones Megan M , Vanyo Stephen T , Ibraheem Wael , Maddi Abhiram , Visser Michelle B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a pleiotropic cytokine elevated in a number of inflammatory conditions including periodontal disease. OSM is produced by a variety of immune cells and has diverse functionality such as regulation of metabolic processes, cell differentiation, and the inflammatory response to bacterial pathogens. The oral cavity is under constant immune surveillance including complementary neutrophil and macrophage populations, due to a persistent symbiotic bacterial presence. Periodontal disease is characterized by a dysbiotic bacterial community, with an abundance of Treponema denticola. Despite strong associations with severe periodontal disease, the source and mechanism of the release of OSM have not been defined in the oral cavity. We show that OSM protein is elevated in the gingival epithelium and immune cell infiltrate during periodontal disease. Furthermore, salivary and oral neutrophil OSM is elevated in correlation with the presence of T. denticola. In an air pouch infection model, T. denticola stimulated higher levels of OSM than the oral pathogen Porphorymonas gingivalis, despite differential recruitment of innate immune cells suggesting T. denticola has distinct properties to elevate OSM levels. OSM release and transcription were increased in isolated human blood, oral neutrophils, or macrophages exposed to T. denticola in vitro as measured by ELISA, qPCR, and microscopy. Using transcription, translation, and actin polymerization inhibition, we found that T. denticola stimulates both OSM release through degranulation and de novo synthesis in neutrophils and also OSM release and synthesis in macrophages. Differential induction of OSM by T. denticola may promote clinical periodontal disease.
An optimized step‐by‐step protocol for isolation of nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and end plate cells from the mouse intervertebral discs and subsequent preparation of high‐quality intact total RNA
Authors: Piprode Vikrant , Mohanty Sarthak , Bonavita Raffaella , Loh Sarah , Anbazhagan Rajakumar , Saini Chandan , Pinelli Robert , Pricop Paul , Dahia Chitra L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is the most significant, and least understood, cause of chronic back pain, affecting almost one in seven individuals at some point of time. Each intervertebral disc has three components; central nucleus pulposus (NP), concentric layers of annulus fibrosus (AF), and a pair of end plate (EP) that connects the disc to the vertebral bodies. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of intervertebral disc growth, health, and aging will generate significant information for developing therapeutic approaches. Rapid and efficient preparations of homogeneous and pure cells are crucial for meaningful and rigorous downstream analysis at the cellular, molecular, and biochemical level. Cross‐sample contamination may influence the interpretation of the results. In addition to altering gene expression, slow or delayed isolation procedures will also cause the degradation of cells and biomolecules that create a bias in the outcomes of the study. The mouse model system is extensively used to understand the intervertebral disc biology. Here we describe two protocols: (a) for efficient isolation of pure NP, AF, and EP cells from mouse lumbar intervertebral disc. We validated the purity of the NP and AF cells using ShhCre/+; R26mT/mG/+ dual‐fluorescent reporter mice where all NP cells are GPF+ve, and by the sensitive approach of qPCR analysis using TaqMan probes for Shh, and Brachyury as NP‐specific markers, Tenomodulin as AF‐specific marker, and Osteocalcin as bone‐specific marker. (b) For isolation of high‐quality intact RNA with RIN of 9.3 to 10 from disc cells. These methods will be useful for the rigorous analysis of NP and AF cells, and improve our understanding of intervertebral disc biology.
An efficient strategy based on liquid‐liquid extraction and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography for selective enrichment, separation, and purification of alkaloids and organic Acids from natural products
Authors: Yu Ping , Ma Jianbin , Du Yurong , Wang Qiqi , Chen Chengbiao , Bai Xianghui , He Liangliang , Zou Denglang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study presents an efficient strategy based on liquid‐liquid extraction and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography for selective enrichment, separation, and purification of alkaloids and organic acids from natural products. First, an acid or base modified two‐phase solvent system with maximum or minimum partition coefficient was developed for the liquid‐liquid extraction of the crude extract. As a result, alkaloids or organic acids could be selectively enriched in the upper or lower phase. Then pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography was employed to separate and purify the selectively enriched alkaloids or organic acids efficiently. The selective enrichment and separation of five bufadienolide from toad venom of Bufo marinus was used as an example to show the advantage of this strategy. As a result, 759 mg of selectively enriched bufadienolide was obtained from 2 g of crude extract and the total content of five targets was increased from 14.64 to 83%. A total of 31 mg of marinobufagin‐3‐adipoyl‐l‐arginine, 42 mg of telocinobufagin‐3‐pimeloyl‐l‐arginine, 51 mg of telocinobufagin‐3‐suberoyl‐l‐arginine, 132 mg of marinobufagin‐3‐suberoyl‐l‐arginine, and 57 mg of bufalin‐3‐suberoyl‐l‐arginine were all simultaneously separated from 500 mg of selectively enriched sample, with the purity of 92.4, 97.5, 90.3, 92.1, and 92.8%, respectively.
Endoscopic trans gluteal minimal‐invasive approach for nerve liberation (ENTRAMI technique) in case of pudendal and/or cluneal neuralgia by entrapment: One‐year follow‐up
Authors: Jottard Katleen , Bruyninx Luc , Bonnet Pierre , De Wachter Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic neuropathic perineal pain syndrome is a collective term that encompasses several diagnoses. In patients where the neuropathic pain syndrome is caused by pudendal or cluneal nerve entrapment, surgical release can be proposed if other measures have failed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients suffering from pudendal and/or cluneal nerve entrapment at 1 year after this minimal invasive surgery, which is based on the open trans gluteal approach who has proven its efficacy compared to medical treatment in a randomized control trial.MethodsPatients eligible for inclusion had chronic perineal neuropathic pain for at least 3 months in the area served by the pudendal and/or cluneal nerve, refractory to conservative measurements. Patients met all five of the Nantes criteria.ResultsFifteen patients underwent the ENTRAMI technique. At 1 year after surgery, overall reduction of the average maximal Numeric Pain rating Scale (NPRS‐score) was from 9 (range, 7‐10) at baseline to 5 (range, 0‐10; P‐value <.05). At 1 year 73% of patients declared to have a “good treatment response” (patient global impression of change [PGIC] >30%) and optimal treatment response (PGIC ≥90%) was found in 40% (P‐value <.05). No complications were recorded.ConclusionThis study clearly shows that the technique is feasible with promising long‐term results in a difficult to manage patient group.
The Relationship between the Initial Anti‐factor Xa Measurement and the Duration of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Influence in Patients Transitioning to Heparin
Authors: Plum Michelle D. , Hedrick John N. , Hockman Rebecca , Bazydlo Lindsay , Palkimas Surabhi 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAnticoagulation monitoring during transition from direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) to heparin infusions is a significant challenge. Factor Xa inhibitors influence the heparin calibrated antifactor Xa assay. The University of Virginia (UVA) Medical Center utilized a corrected antifactor Xa assay (c‐AXA) during this transition period, which removes DOAC‐mediated antifactor Xa activity (d‐AXA) and reflects heparin‐specific activity. Currently, the duration of this influence is not well described.Study ObjectiveThis study had two aims: to determine if the initial d‐AXA is predictive of the duration of DOAC influence and to further characterize this influence among different patient populations.MethodsThis retrospective study included adult patients admitted to UVA Medical Center between September 2016 and March 2017, with c‐AXA measurements, who received apixaban or rivaroxaban within 48 hours before heparin initiation. A Pearson correlation test, Kaplan–Meier Survival Analysis, and multivariate linear regression were used to assess the relationship between initial d‐AXA and duration of influence.ResultsSixty‐eight patients met inclusion criteria and were maintained on either apixaban (85%) or rivaroxaban (15%) before heparin initiation. The initial d‐AXA ranged from 0.11 to 3.27 IU/ml. The mean duration of influence was 69.3 ± 46.2 hours, with a median duration of 62.7 hours. No strong correlation was identified between initial d‐AXA and duration of influence (R2 = 0.124). Presence of interacting medications significantly increased duration of influence (p=0.012). No significant difference in duration of influence existed between patients with normal renal function and those with dynamic renal function (p=0.84), or with body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 kg/m2 (p=0.16).ConclusionsThe initial d‐AXA was not predictive of duration of influence in patients transitioning from DOACs to heparin infusion; however, the median duration of influence suggests influence may be present for longer than currently stated in the literature, especially in those taking interacting medications.