bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research methodology and characteristics of journal articles with original data, preprint articles and registered clinical trial protocols about COVID-19
Authors: Fidahic Mahir , Nujic Danijela , Runjic Renata , Civljak Marta , Markotic Filipa , Makaric Zvjezdana Lovric , Puljak Livia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The research community reacted rapidly to the emergence of COVID-19. We aimed to assess characteristics of journal articles, preprint articles, and registered trial protocols about COVID-19 and its causal agent SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We analyzed characteristics of journal articles with original data indexed by March 19, 2020, in World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 collection, articles published on preprint servers medRxiv and bioRxiv by April 3, 2010. Additionally, we assessed characteristics of clinical trials indexed in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) by April 7, 2020. Results: Among the first 2118 articles on COVID-19 published in scholarly journals, 533 (25%) contained original data. The majority was published by authors from China (75%) and funded by Chinese sponsors (75%); a quarter was published in the Chinese language. Among 312 articles that self-reported study design, the most frequent were retrospective studies (N=88; 28%) and case reports (N=86; 28%), analyzing patients’ characteristics (38%). Median Journal Impact Factor of journals where articles were published was 5.099.Among 1088 analyzed preprint articles, the majority came from authors affiliated in China (51%) and were funded by sources in China (46%). Less than half reported study design; the majority were modeling studies (62%), and analyzed transmission/risk/prevalence (43%).Of the 927 analyzed registered trials, the majority were interventional (58%). Half were already recruiting participants. The location for the conduct of the trial in the majority was China (N=522; 63%). The median number of planned participants was 140 (range: 1 to 15,000,000). Registered intervention trials used highly heterogeneous primary outcomes and tested highly heterogeneous interventions; the most frequently studied interventions were hydroxychloroquine (N=39; 7.2%) and chloroquine (N=16; 3%).Conclusions: Early articles on COVID-19 were predominantly retrospective case reports and modeling studies. The diversity of outcomes used in intervention trial protocols indicates the urgent need for defining a core outcome set for COVID-19 research. Chinese scholars had a head start in reporting about the new disease, but publishing articles in Chinese may limit their global reach. Mapping publications with original data can help finding gaps that will help us respond better to the new public health emergency.
Lebanese Doctors Facing the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Practical and Ethical Issues
Authors: Gebara Nicole , Dabar Georges , Eid Roland , Haddad Fady Ghassan , Kourie Hampig Raphael , Kattan Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of health care providers is essential to maintain the functioning of the health care system. Physicians accept a primary ethical duty to place the well-being and health of their patients above their own welfares. However, does the duty to patient well-being have any limit? Two ethical concerns are debated: public health’s ethical principles and medical ethics values. We aimed in this study to assess Lebanese physicians’ attitudes, practice and ethical considerations when treating their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods

It’s a cross-sectional study conducted in March 2019 among a random sample of Lebanese physicians, using a questionnaire based mainly on a five-point Likert numerical scale to make the answers more reliable and valid. The questionnaire focused on the medical practice during the pandemic and the ethical considerations in public health and in medical practice. It also evaluates the physicians’ point of view toward the management of the pandemic in Lebanon.
Results

A total of 318 physicians responded, with a mean age of 40 years. Five doctors of the total were affected by the COVID-19 infection (1.6%). 51.4% of medical specialists considered themselves to be at a higher risk of contracting the infection, while 52.3% of surgeons stated that they were at a lower risk. Doctors expressed a neutral position regarding the prioritization of patients during treatment and the disconnection of patients with poor prognosis from ventilators to treat other patients. The majority of doctors disagreed regarding the respect of the patient’s autonomy in refusing COVID-19 treatment with a mean score of 1.7/5. Finally, doctors expressed a neutral opinion regarding the ability of the country to manage such a pandemic with a mean score of 3.1/5.
Conclusion

Although physicians recognize that they are at high risk of contracting COVID-19, they assume their responsibilities and their duty to treat, and they were neutral against any prioritization in treatment approach. However, applying the four ethical principles (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice) may become challenging. Hence, more medical and ethical recommendations are required to guide physicians during this pandemic.
Influence of vitamin D binding protein polymorphism, demographics and lifestyle factors on vitamin D status in healthy Malaysian pregnant women
Authors: Lee Siew-Siew , Ling King-Hwa , Tusimin Maiza , Subramaniam Raman , Rahim Kartini Farah , Loh Su-Peng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been related to vitamin D binding protein (GC) gene polymorphism, demographics and lifestyle factors in different populations. However, previous studies examining the factors associated with VDD during pregnancy were restricted to the study of only demographics and lifestyle factors or genetic factors alone. Thus, this study assesses the associations of GC gene polymorphism, environmental and lifestyle factors with VDD in Malaysian pregnant women.
Method:
Information on demographics, dietary vitamin D intake from supplement and food, time spent outdoors, skin type and clothing were collected by questionnaire. Plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured using Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography (UHPLC). Maternal GC single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4588 and rs7041) were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Results
Results showed that 50.2% of pregnant women were vitamin D deficient (25OHD < 30 nmol/L). VDD (25OHD < 30 nmol/L) were significantly associated with age, veiled clothing, maternal vitamin D intakes, both from food and supplement, and GC rs7041(and GC diplotypes). In contrast to previous studies in non-pregnant population, this study found that CC genotype for SNP GC rs7041, GC 1 s-1 s and GC If-2 were significantly associated with increased risk of VDD (25OHD < 30 nmol/L).
Conclusions
The high prevalence of maternal VDD reported in the present study suggests the need for urgent development and implementation of vitamin D supplementation or fortification strategies to reduce VDD among pregnant women. The discrepancy in the association of GC rs7041 with VDD reflects the differential in the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy compared to non-pregnant state
Three-dimensional-printed customized prosthesis for pubic defect: Clinical outcomes in 5 cases at a mean follow-up of 17 months
Authors: Zhang YQ , Min Li , Lu Minxun , Wang J , Wang Yitian , Luo Yi , Zhou Yong , Duan Hong , Tu Chongqi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

This study is to present and evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes and associated complications of 3D-printed customized prostheses for pubic defect reconstruction.
Methods

5 patients receiving type III hemipelvectomy and three-dimensional-printed customized prosthesis reconstruction at our institution between 2017 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The operation time and blood loss during operation were recorded. The local and functional recovery was assessed by the physical examination and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. The prosthetic position and Osseointegration were evaluated by imaging examination. Oncology result and complications were recorded. Functional comparisons with MSTS score of patients grouped by resection extent were done.
Results

Of 5 cases, the prosthese consist of the type with stem (3, 60%) and the type without stem (2, 40%). Mean follow-up period was 17.6 months (range, 10–26 months). All 5 patients were alive with no evidence of disease. No deep infection and local recurrence occurred. The mean blood loss and mean intraoperative time was 1680 ml (range, 300 to 3700 ml) and 294 min (range, 180 to 430 min). The mean functional MSTS score at the final follow-up was 29.8 (range, 29–31). 1 male patient complained erectile dysfunction. Fretting wear around prosthetic stem was found in 3 patients while bone wear on the normal side pubis was found in 2 patients. Osseointegration was observed in all patients.
Conclusion

3D-printed customized prostheses could be a feasible option to reconstruct the pubic bone defects after type III hemipelvectomy. The good outcomes are inseparable from precision prostheses design and strict surgical procedures.
Comprehensive Treatment of Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Single-Center Retrospective Case Series from Wuhan
Authors: Huang Ke , Zhang Yi , Li Min , Feng Yingying , Yu Xin , Cai Ying , Xia Jingen , Duan Jun , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has now spread worldwide. This study aimed to provide a reference for comprehensive treatment, personal protection, and team management of patients with critical COVID-19. Methods: The study included critical COVID-19 cases at a single centre in Wuhan, China. We retrospectively analysed data on symptoms, laboratory tests, radiology findings, treatment, and outcomes. Air samples and environmental surface swabs in the isolation ward were tested for SARS-CoV-2.Results: Fourteen critically ill patients (mean age 62.1 years) were treated between February 4, 2020 and April 6, 2020. Less than half had underlying diseases, including hypertension (n=6, 42.9%) and diabetes (n=4, 28.6%). Laboratory tests showed decreased lymphocyte levels and increased serum ferritin and inflammatory cytokine levels. More than half of the patients received antiviral drugs, including lopinavir/ritonavir (n=10; 71.4%) and arbidol (n=6, 42.9%). Eight patients (57.1%) received convalescent plasma, and 12 (85.7%) received systemic glucocorticoids. Eleven (78.6%) received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, five (35.7%) received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, seven (50.0%) received invasive positive pressure ventilation, and three (21.4%) received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. By April 6, 2020, nine (64.3%) patients were discharged, four remained in hospital, and one had died. All air samples tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Of 128 environmental surface swabs, one gastric tube swab and one anal tube swab were positive for SARS-CoV-2. All oropharyngeal swabs taken from medical staff tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions: Individualised comprehensive treatment, appropriate personal protection, and teamwork may improve the prognosis in patients with COVID-19 who are critically ill.
Detection of Several Carbapenems Resistant and Virulence Genes in Classical and Hyper-virulent Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Neonates and Adults in Khartoum
Authors: Albasha Aalaa Mahgoub , Osman Esraa Hassan , Alhalim Saga Abd , Alshaib Elianz , Al-Hassan Leena , Altayb Hisham N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) involves both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. It is responsible for a wide variety of infections, including infections of the urinary tract, pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, wound infection and purulent abscesses. We constructed this study to detect several carbapenems resistant and virulence genes in classical and hyper-virulent strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized neonates and adults in Khartoum state. Results Seventy percent of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, 18(30%) to ciprofloxacin, 23(38.3%) to chloramphenicol, 24(40%) to gentamicin and 8% to imipenem, 35% were multidrug-resistant, and 7% extensively drug-resistant, all blood isolates (n=14) were resistant to ceftazidime. entB was the most predominant virulence gene (93.3%), followed by mrkD (78.3%), kfu (60%), K2 (51.7%), magA (18.3%) and rmpA (5%). blaOXA-48 was the most predominant carbapenem-resistant gene (68.3%), followed by blaNDM (10%), blaKPC (8.3%), and blaIMP (3.3%). Eight hyper-virulent strains were positive for blaOXA-48 and two for blaNDM genes.
Time management in operating rooms (ORs) – a retrospective study to evaluate estimated and objective durations of surgical procedures in the field of ENT
Authors: Zaubitzer Lena , Affolter Annette , Büttner Sylvia , Ludwig Sonja , Rotter Nicole , Scherl Claudia , von Wihl Sonia , Christel Weiß , Lammert Anne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Accurate planning of operating times in a surgical clinic is essential. High capacity utilization of operating rooms (ORs) is necessary for economic efficiency. Variable working hours of different team members on a surgical team (such as the anesthesiologist, surgeon, and OR-assistant) must also be respected. In this regard, incorrect planning may lead to conflicts between team members, thus disturbing daily work routine. Most planning of operating times is performed by surgeons. Here, objective and estimated times by surgeons were compared to detect sources of error.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis, durations of 1809 operations under general anaesthesia (22 different types) by 31 surgeons (12 specialists (S) and 19 residents (R)) of the ear nose throat department at Mannheim University Medical Centre were compared. Incision to suture and preparation and post-processing times of 10 specialists and 17 residents estimated based on questionnaires were compared to objective times. Both comparisons were analyzed by Mann-Whitney-U-tests.

Results

Comparison of objective times of surgical action showed significant differences between specialists and residents in 6 of 15 types of surgeries. Post-processing times estimated by specialists deviated from objective times in 2 out of 22 surgery types. Post-processing times estimated by residents deviated in 7 out of 15 types. Specialists misjudged incision to suture times in 7 of 22 surgery types, and residents misjudged in 3 out of 15. Preparation times estimated by specialists deviated from objective times in 16 of 22 types of surgeries and in 7 out of 15 estimated by residents.

Conclusions

A surgeon’s routine must be considered to estimate operating times. Specialists underrated the preparation and post-processing and overrated incision to suture times. Residents underestimated all of these times. Preparation and post-processing times must be considered in the planning and, ideally, determined together with anesthesiologists and OR-assistants.
Association Between Autism Spectrum Disorder and Eating Disorders without Self-Induced Vomiting: An Empirical Study
Authors: Numata Noriko , Nakagawa Akiko , Yoshioka Kazuko , Isomura Kayoko , Matsuzawa Daisuke , Setsu Rikukage , Nakazato Michiko , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown links between autism spectrum disorder and anorexia nervosa restricting type. However, few have examined the association between autism spectrum disorder and other eating disorder subtypes, such as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa binge-purging type and binge eating disorder. In this study, we aimed to assess the presence of autism spectrum disorder tendencies in each eating disorder and to explore whether an association exists between traits of autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders with or without self-induced vomiting.METHODS: We retrospectively sampled outpatients who attended Chiba University Hospital between 2012 and 2016 (43 females aged 15–45 years). All were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Autism Spectrum Quotient to quantify the severity of the eating disorder and to identify whether autism spectrum disorder traits were present. Additionally, the subtype at onset, the change in subtype from onset to presentation and the difference based on the presence or absence of self-induced vomiting were investigated.RESULTS: We found that the Autism Spectrum Quotient tended to be higher in the group without, than in the group with, self-induced vomiting. Patients with binge eating disorder had the highest Autism Spectrum Quotient at presentation, and most of them had transitioned from prior anorexia nervosa restricting type.CONCLUSION: Of note, although their subtype had changed over time, the trait of not vomiting had remained consistent. There was a difference in the Autism Spectrum Quotient score by the presence or absence of self-induced vomiting.Level of Evidence: LEVEL IV (Evidence obtained from multiple time series without the intervention).Plain English SummaryIt is known that 18%–23% of patients with anorexia nervosa have comorbid autism spectrum disorder. However, no study has examined the association with autism spectrum disorder by subtypes of anorexia nervosa (restring type and binge with self-induced vomiting type). In addition, no studies have examined the association of autism spectrum disorder with other subtypes of eating disorders.As a result of examining the autism spectrum disorder tendency for each eating disorders subtype, it was found that the type of eating disorders that did not self-induced vomiting had a higher autism spectrum disorder tendency than with self-induced vomiting. Overall, 80% of people diagnosed with binge eating disorder had been diagnosed with restricting type of anorexia nervosa at the time of onset. For some restricting type of anorexia nervosa patients, fear or aversion to vomiting can be stronger than the desire not to gain weight, it may be the influence of the autism spectrum disorder tendency.
Deep learning-based framework for the distinction of membranous nephropathy: a new approach through hyperspectral imagery
Authors: Tu Tianqi , Wei Xueling , Yang Yue , Zhang Nianrong , Li Wei , Tu Xiaowen , Li Wenge 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background：Common subtypes seen in Chinese patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) include idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and hepatitis B virus-related membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN). However, in some cases, the morphologic differences are not visible under the light microscope in the renal biopsy tissue.Methods：We proposed a deep learning-based framework for processing hyperspectral images of renal biopsy tissue to define the difference between IMN and HBV-MN based on the component of their immune complex deposition.Results: The proposed framework can achieve an overall accuracy of 95.04% for multiclass classification, which also proven to obtain a better performance compared to the support vector machine (SVM)-based algorithms.Conclusion：IMN and HBV-MN could be correctly separated via the deep learning framework using hyperspectral imagery. Our results suggest the potential of the deep learning algorithm as a new method to aid the diagnosis process of MN.
Health related QoL in Celiac Disease patients in Slovenia
Authors: Turk Eva , Micetic-Turk Dusanka , Šikić-Pogačar Maja , Tapajner Alojz , Vlaisavljević Veljko , Rupel Valentina Prevolnik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Measurements of health-related quality of life among celiac disease patients using a validated questionnaire have been lacking in Slovenia. This study aims to measure Health related quality of life (HRQoL) in celiac disease (CD) patients using EQ-5D internationally validated questionnaire and comparing it to the HRQoL of the general population. Methods: In this cross sectional analysis all of the approximately 2,000 members of the Slovenian Celiac Society were invited to take part. We used a 3 step approach for recruitment and data collection. HRQoL was evaluated through the EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L instrument (Slovenian version) and analysed using the ordinal logistic regression. Results: Out of 321 patients who gave their consent, 247 celiac patients were included in the study (77%). 68% of the participants were female and 53% of them lived in an urban setting. Most patients originated from North-East Slovenia, whereas approximately 30% of patients came from other Slovenian regions. The EQ-5D respondents’ self-reported health status at the time of the study show that most patients have slight or no problems when living with CD. The duration of the gluten-free diet, academic education and rare (<1x year) doctor visits (affect EQ-5D in a positive way. On the other hand, higher age and chronic rheumatic disease were negatively associated with EQ-5D also when compared to the general population. Conclusion: This is the first Slovenian study to measure the HRQoL of Slovenian CD patients, using an internationally validated questionnaire. The results of our study show that HRQoL is slightly impaired among Slovenian patients with CD. Clinical characteristics are better determinants of their HRQoL than socio-demographic factors. Greater awareness of the impact of CD on patients’ HRQoL would improve the holistic management of CD patients.
Comparative analysis of COVID-19 guidelines from six countries: a qualitative study in the US, China, South Korea, the UK, Brazil and Haiti
Authors: YOO JI YOUN , Dutra Samia Valeria Ozorio , Fanfan Dany , Sniffen Sarah , Wang Hao , Siddiqui Jamile , Song Hyo-Suk , Bang Sung Hwan , Kim Dong Eun , Kim Sihoon , Groer Maureen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
On January 30, 2020, the WHO declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Within only a few weeks, the outbreak took on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries. This rapid increase in confirmed cases made the prevention and control of COVID-19 critical on both national and global scales in order to prevent the healthcare systems from being overwhelmed. Government guidelines provide a fundamental resource for communities, as they guide citizens on how to protect themselves against COVID-19, however, they also provide critical guidance for policy makers and healthcare professionals for taking action to slow the spread of COVID-19.
Objective
We aimed to identify the differences and similarities between six different countries' (U.S., China, South Korea, UK, Brazil and Haiti) government provided community and healthcare system guidelines, and to explore the relationship between guideline issue dates and the prevalence/incidence of COVID-19 cases.
Research design and Methods:
To make these comparisons, this exploratory qualitative study used document analysis of government guidelines issued to the general public and to healthcare professionals.
Results
The major differences in the evaluation and testing criteria in the guidelines across the six countries centered around the priority of testing for COVID-19 in the general population, which was strongly dependent on each country’s healthcare capacity. However, the most similar guidelines pertained to the clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19, and methods to prevent its contraction.
Conclusion
In the initial stages of the outbreak, certain strategies were universally employed to control the deadly virus’s spread, including quarantining the sick, contact tracing, and social distancing. However, each country dealt with differing healthcare capacities, risks, threats, political and socioeconomic challenges, and distinct healthcare systems and infrastructure. Acknowledging these differences highlights the importance of examining the various countries’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic with a nuanced view, as each of these factors shaped the government guidelines distributed to each country’s communities and healthcare systems.