bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Microbicide Gels to Prevent Sexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gillies-Podgorecki Jamie , Gaalen Sarah van , Abdulwahid Tiba , Becker Marissa , Lê Mê-Linh , Rabbani Rasheda , Zarychanski Ryan , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Topical microbicide gels are a potential method to reduce sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially in women. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of topical microbicides to prevent HIV transmission have yielded promising results, however trial results have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of topical microbicide gels to prevent HIV transmission.Methods: We conducted meta-analyses, stratified by microbicide gel type, using a random-effects model. We included 25 RCTs that met the inclusion criteria: 13 RCTs examined gel efficacy during heterosexual contact, and an additional 12 trials reported on gel acceptability, participants’ adherence to intervention, and adverse reactions (allergic reaction and pain). Results: With this limited data, topical microbicide gels were not found to be significantly better than placebo in preventing HIV infection (risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.04; I2 14%; 13 trials; 31,764 participants). It should be noted that low adherence rates were frequently reported within trials. In one trial with high participant adherence (>70%) to intervention, there was a significant protective effect of gels (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.93; 889 participants). While measures of acceptability and adherence to intervention were similar between groups, administration of topical microbicides were associated with an increased incidence of pain at the application site (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.36, I2 0%, 15 trials, 19,554 participants).Conclusions: In conclusion, efficacy of topical microbicide gels may relate to baseline risk and compliance with the intervention. In the general population it is not associated with protection from sexually transmitted HIV infection.
Current Stroke Burden in Ghana: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Attakorah Joseph , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Wiafe Ebenezer , Bangalee Varsha , Oosthuizen Frasia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionThere is a lack of data summarizing the current burden of stroke in Ghana. The establishment of data on the current burden, incidence, and mortality of stroke in this country may guide decision-making toward interventions to curb the stroke burden. This protocol aims to describe the methods for a systematic review of the literature on the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of strokes in Ghana.Methods and Design We will perform a comprehensive search strategy of relevant abstracts and articles published from 1st May 2013 to 31st May 2020, related to prevalence or incidence or mortality in Ghana. Relevant articles will be searched from electronic databases including MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, and PsycINFO (EBSCOhost). Full text of eligible studies will be included if they estimated one of the following epidemiological measures: burden, incidence and mortality. Studies that will meet the eligibility criteria will be assess for overall study quality, reliability and risk of bias, using design-specific criteria. We will appraise the included studies' reporting and methodology quality and perform a quantitative summary of reported outcomes where applicable.DiscussionExisting knowledge on the incidence or prevalence, or mortality of strokes in Ghana are limited. This review aims to present relevant information that will inform local policy on cardiovascular diseases and future research. The final report of this protocol, in the form of a scientific paper, will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and findings will be submitted to relevant health authorities. We also plan to update the review in the future to monitor changes and guide health service and policy solutions.Trial registration number: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MW3H8
Analysis on Vertical-pitch Coupled Dynamics Characteristics of Shearer with&nbsp;Corrected Load
Authors: Yang Xinwei , Chen Hongyue , Li Pengfei , Wang Xin , Wei Yajing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the severe vertical and pitching vibration of shearer in actual working conditions, the vertical-pitch coupled dynamics model of shearer with 13 degrees of freedom is established using multi-body dynamics theory. Based on the theories of elasticity, Hertz contact and collision dynamics, the connection stiffness model of traction part with rocker arm in existence of clearance and shearer body, the support stiffness models for the guide shoe and for the smooth shoe and the stiffness characteristics model of the rocker arm were constructed. Taking into account the convergence of solution process and the reliability of results, a modified drum load was proposed as the external excitation of the system and the dynamic characteristics of key parts of shearer under different working conditions were analyzed. The numerical model was validated against the vibration responses of a shearer and its critical components under different operating conditions obtained from a mechanical test.The research results provide theoretical basis for the structure optimization and process parameter optimization of the shearer.
Attitudes, Perceptions of Risk, and Behavior Change of Students During Pandemics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bakshi Simran , Wasim Aghna , Truong Judy , Majid Umair 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Students in higher education institutions such as universities are at a unique risk for COVID-19 because learning takes place in a manner that warrants frequent social interaction. This systematic review of 18 studies examined the awareness, risk perception, and health behaviors among students in higher education institutions across 15 high- and low-resource countries. We found that accurate knowledge of the disease varied across different countries. We also found that students were more likely to use informal networks and social media to obtain quick and easy-to-understand information about the infection. However, a “casual” or low risk attitude was prevalent from the start of each pandemic of outbreak. This casual attitude circumscribed the adoption of prevention behaviors. We conclude our paper by using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model to recommend how to maximize the impact of the design and delivery of public health interventions in the student population.
Eucalyptus Essential Oil Bioactive Molecules from against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein:&nbsp;Insights from Computational Studies
Authors: Sharma Arun Dev , Kaur Inderjeet 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), a positive single stranded RNA virus, member of corona virus family, is spreading its tentacles across the world due to lack of drugs at present. Being associated with cough, fever, and respiratory distress, this disease caused more than 15 % mortality worldwide. Due to its vital role in virus replication, Spike (S) protein has recently been regarded as a suitable target for drug design. The present in silico docking study was designed to evaluate the effect of potent 12 bioactive molecules present in essential oils of eucalyptus plant leaves against Spike (S) protein from SARS-CoV-2. Till date there is no work is undertaken on in-silico analysis of these compounds against Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, molecular docking studies were conducted by using Patchdock analysis. Material and methods: Protein Interactions Calculator was used for protein interactions. In-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile was also studied. Results: The calculated parameters such as docking score indicated effective binding of all bioactive components especially Toruatone to COVID-19 S-protein. Interactions results indicated that, Spike (S) protein / Toruatone complexes forms hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, our study also highlights the key finding that the S2 domain of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein potentially interacts with Toruatone. In-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) studies provided guidelines and mechanistic scope for identification of potent anti-COVID 19 drugConclusions: Therefore, essential oil from eucalyptus may represent potential herbal treatment to act as COVID-19 Spike (S) protein inhibitor, a finding which must be validated in Vivo. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential medicinal use.
Brucellosis: Current Status Of The Disease And Future Perspectives
Authors: Abu Sulayman Sulaiman Mohammed , Bora Roop Singh , Sabir Jamal S.M. , Ahmed Mohamed Morsi M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Brucellosis is a transmissible bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative coccobacillus bacteria of the genus Brucella. The disease severely hinders the livestock industry and human health. In several instances, infected animals act as carriers for the cross-species transmission of brucellosis. Social issues, poor husbandry practices, irregularities in the marketing and movement of domestic animals, and lack of coordination between veterinary and human health services are some of the key factors responsible for the transmission and prevalence of Brucellosis. Human contact with infected domestic animals is often the transmission route of Brucellosis infection. Therefore, human brucellosis could be eradicated globally by eradicating animal brucellosis. This review describes the current status of brucellosis and the risk factors of the disease in animals and the human population. In addition, there is a further discussion of the various issues related to the control and prevention of brucellosis in domestic animals and humans.
1. Introduction. 2. Historical background of Brucellosis. 3. Prevalence of brucellosis 4. Taxonomy 5. Epidemiology of Brucellosis 6. Risk factors for brucellosis 7. Transmission. 8. Clinical Symptoms. 9. Human brucellosis. 10. Diagnosis of brucellosis 11. Detection of Brucella organisms. 12. Serological tests. 13. Molecular diagnostic methods. 14. Control and prevention of brucellosis
Evaluation of domestic water measurement error: a case study
Authors: Mendoza Andrés A. , Benavides-Muñoz Holger 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study presents a method to determine the operation of the measuring equipment by analyzing the metrological quality and degradation of accuracy, depending on the accumulated volume and the installation time. Different types of counters at three flow rates were tested to assess the evolution of the relative error and to determine the average error curves and rate of deterioration. The volume of apparent losses caused by the inaccuracies of the meters was also calculated. The results of the investigation establish the sub-accounting errors and the annual degradation rate were −15 and −1.88%, respectively for consumption flows below 30 L/h represented by 23% of the subscribers. For flow rates of 120 L/h, the system accounts for a 68% consumption of subscribers and an error of −1.8% and a degradation of −0.14% were recorded. Finally, for consumption flows of 1,500 L/h, the system has accounted for 9% consumption of the subscribers; over-accounting values were obtained generating an average error of 16% and a degradation of 1.68%. It is concluded that the hydrometric district has a sub-accounting error equal to −3.24%, which results in a volume of apparent losses of 1.21 m3/connection/month.
HIGHLIGHT
This paper proposes a methodology that allows determining the operation of the domestic water meter by analyzing the metrological quality and degradation of accuracy, specifically by the statistical calculation of the weighted measurement error, the annual degradation and the volume of apparent losses of the domiciliary meters installed in urban areas, using a hydraulic bench test.
Benefícios do uso da tecnologia Blockchain como instrumento para a auditoria contábil
Authors: Pâmella de Andrade Simões Maervelym , Albuquerque Cavalcanti Janeide , Ferreira Marques de Melo Janaina , Queiroz Reis Cristiane 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Analisar quais os possíveis benefícios do uso da tecnologia Blockchain como instrumento para a auditoria contábil.
Metodologia: Para atingir o objetivo deste estudo, foi realizado um ensaio teórico por meio de uma seleção da literatura nacional e internacional sobre a auditoria contábil e os potenciais benefícios da tecnologia Blockchain. Além disso, foi analisada a relação desses potenciais benefícios com os procedimentos adotados pelo auditor contábil.
Resultados: Os achados da literatura mostram que, apesar das complexidades, a tecnologia Blockchain oferece uma oportunidade para aperfeiçoar os relatórios financeiros e os processos de auditoria. A adoção dessa tecnologia pode permitir que os auditores desenvolvam procedimentos para obter evidências de auditoria diretamente de Blockchains e adaptarem os procedimentos para usufruir dos benefícios dela, bem como abordar riscos incrementais e que, embora o processo de auditoria possa tornar-se mais contínuo, os auditores ainda terão que aplicar julgamento profissional ao analisar estimativas contábeis e outros julgamentos feitos pela administração na preparação das demonstrações financeiras.
Contribuições do Estudo: Acredita-se que este trabalho traz uma contribuição para um diálogo ativo e contínuo quanto ao uso do Blockchain nos processos de auditoria, bem como o conhecimento de vantagens que essa tecnologia oferece aos profissionais e despertará o interesse de pesquisa sobre o uso da tecnologia Blockchain na auditoria contábil.
Aderência a teoria pecking order pelas firmas brasileiras: uma análise multisetorial
Authors: Thicia Stela Lima Sampaio  , Alan Bandeira Pinheiro  , Rubens Carlos Rodrigues  , Maia Lameu Eva Valéria 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Esse artigo objetiva analisar, de acordo com a teoria pecking order, a associação do endividamento total, de curto e de longo prazo, das empresas que negociam ações na Brasil Bolsa Balcão (B3), distinguindo-as por segmento de atividade.
Metodologia: A amostra é composta por observações anuais de 177 empresas listadas na B3, no período de 2014-2017. Elaborou-se três modelos econométricos de regressão linear múltipla, cada um com uma variável dependente distinta, testados através do IBM SPSS®. Os modelos foram aplicados na amostra completa, e nos 12 segmentos de atividades das empresas que compõem a amostra.
Resultados: No Brasil segmentos de atividade distintos tem também distintas aderência a teoria pecking order, assim como há setores que não são aderentes a estrutura de capital que prioriza fontes próprias de recursos. Além disso, percebeu-se que há uma maior aderência a teoria pecking order para dívidas de menor maturidade, indicando que para o longo prazo fontes de financiamento externas são mais utilizadas. Empresas que têm práticas e GC e compliance apresentaram menor aderência a teoria pecking order, e uma associação predominantemente positiva com o endividamento de longo prazo e total.
Contribuições do estudo: Ao se analisar a estrutura de capital deve-se considerar com fator relevante o segmento de atividade da empresa, pois diferentes atividades ensejam diferentes níveis de investimentos, maturidade de dívidas, e fontes de financiamento. Não considerar o fator setor de atuação pode gerar resultados enviesados que não refletem a realidade. As teorias de estrutura de capital não devem ser vistas com opostas, mas sim complementares, e para tanto os modelos econométricos para o endividamento total, de longo prazo e de curto prazo pedem variáveis independentes distintas, que capturem os efeitos temporais de cada um desses índices.
The principles underlying the IFRS and the measurement bases of the elements comprising the financial statements
Authors: Camila Teresa Martucheli  , Antonio Dias Pereira Filho  
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This theoretical essay seeks to present concepts, arguments and discussions about the adoption and use of IFRS, focusing on their underlying principles and measurement bases.
Methodology: Literature review with presentation and discussion of arguments from authors who have researched the use of IFRS and its underlying principles and measurement bases.
Results: Principle-based accounting standards are seen by a number of authors as a possible solution to the problem of accounting harmonization. However, another stream of authors states that principle-based accounting standardization, although it may result in higher quality it is less assertive financial reporting, given the existence of subjectivity in the content of financial statements. This fact leads to the conclusion that absolute harmonization of accounting standards would be impossible.
Contributions of the Study: The study proposes notes regarding the discussion on IFRS, which are responsible for increasing the quality of financial statements, while at the same time reducing the reliability of the information produced, in view of the difficulties inherent to the application of the concept of fair value.
Performance evaluation system to support the coordination of bidding processes management in a University Hospital
Authors: Samuel Souza de Araújo  , Lucas dos Santos Matos  , Sandra Rolim Ensslin  
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to structure a model to support the management of the Coordination of Bidding Processes at the Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago University Hospital of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Federal University of Santa Catarina). The main purpose is to build, in its manager, knowledge about the management context, allowing the visualization of the aspects deemed as necessary and sufficient to be taken into account in this process.
Methodology: The Multicriteria Decision Aid - Constructivist (MCDA-C) methodology is used to structure a specific performance evaluation system considering the particularities of the context and its manager. Thus, the research uses a qualitative approach with primary data collection, in the form of a case study, based on interviews with the manager of the Coordination.
Results: The structuring of the system allows the development of a hierarchical structure of value and qualitative performance indicators. The development of performance indicators enables the effectively monitoring of activities developed by the sector, leading to efficient management and better application of public resources. It also allows the visualization of aspects at compromising, market and excellence levels, highlighting the relevant factors for management.
Contributions of the Study: The study contributes to filling the demonstrated gap based on the analysis of the literature on the topic. The system is considered to provide the manager with specific information to make decisions and promotes a discussion, not yet found in the literature, regarding the use of constructivist approaches for the bidding sector in a university hospital.
Analysis of Digital Data by File Signature Method on Android Version 9
Authors: Sourabh Shshank , Chauhan Diwakar , Singh Vinay , Chauhan Monika 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
The use of smartphones has exponentially increased over the past decade. Nowadays the use of a
cellphone has not just been restricted to make calls, but it's also actively used to connect people throughout the globe
through social media and sharing multimedia files over the internet. Smartphones have made these things possible and
easily available with just a single touch. But along with this development and digitalization, an increase in the rate of
cybercrime has also surfaced, which includes crime like illicit possession, distribution, and modification of multimedia
files. Hence, smartphones are seen as a rich source of evidence-based on the crimes discussed. This process is carried out
to analyze smartphone‟s multimedia files to determine their origin and to verify if the multimedia files originated from the
same device or transferred through any process.

Methods:
An examiner must analyze, recover, and authenticate the files stored in a smartphone device. Android version 9
was used for analysis since it is the most common and abundant platform generally found in most people‟s phones.
Examination of computer file is achieved by analyzing the file in hexadecimal editor software, the software used in this
analysis is HxD.

Results:
File signature and metadata analysis of smartphones‟ multimedia files was performed to render the source of the
files.

Conclusion:
The conducted file signature and metadata analysis clearly stated that by using hexadecimal editor softwareHxD origin and source of smartphones‟ multimedia file can be rendered.
Effect of Exposure to E-Cigarette Smoke on Lung Histology of Balb/c Male Mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Tyas Utami Eva , Bella Dwi Arifianti  , Mahriani  , Susantin Fajariyah  
Published: January 2021

Background: Electric cigarette is a type of cigarette that change the liquid containing nicotine and other ingredients in the form of steam. This research aimed to identify the effect of exposure to e-cigarette smoke towards the thickness of bronchioles mucosa and the alveolar septa on male Balb'C mice (M. musculus). Methods: This research was an experimental design used 24 male divided into four groups, i.e., control dan three treatment groups. Treatment groups were given different volume of e-cigarettes liquid, i.e., 1 ml; 2 ml; and 4 ml. The exposure of e-cigarette was done in 4 weeks, respectively. Results: Electric cigarette exposure with different fluid volumes leads to an increase in the bronchioles mucosa's thickness and the alveoli septa. Increasing the volume of fluid used results in an increase in bronchioles mucosal thickness, but decreases the alveoli septa's thickness, resulting in destruction and dilatation of the alveoli. Conclusion: Exposure to e-cigarette smoke with a liquid volume of 1 ml affects the increase in the average thickness of the bronchial mucosa and alveoli septa. An increase in the average thickness of the bronchioles mucosa occurs along with increased fluid volume in exposure to e-cigarette smoke.
Downstream development strategy of processing industry in Jambi Province
Authors: Achmad Erni , R. M. Rachmad , Zamzami Zamzami , Delis Arman 
Published: January 2021

The food and beverage industry, the paper and paper goods industry, and the rubber industry, rubber and plastic goods are leading industries that play an important role in the regional economy of Jambi Province. Therefore, policies are needed to sustain leading industries' growth and development. This research aims to formulate a downstream strategy for the leading processing industry in Jambi province. The method used is the Analytical Network Process (ANP). The analysis results show that the priority strategy in the downstream development of the three leading industries in Jambi Province is optimizing the government's role in policy and funding for the downstream program.