bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Two‐Armed Probe for In‐Cell DEER Measurements on Proteins**
Authors: Miao Qing , Zurlo Enrico , de Bruin Donny , Wondergem Joeri A. J. , Timmer Monika , Blok Anneloes , Heinrich Doris , Overhand Mark , Huber Martina , Ubbink Marcellus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe application of double electron‐electron resonance (DEER) with site‐directed spin labeling (SDSL) to measure distances in proteins and protein complexes in living cells puts rigorous restraints on the spin‐label. The linkage and paramagnetic centers need to resist the reducing conditions of the cell. Rigid attachment of the probe to the protein improves precision of the measured distances. Here, three two‐armed GdIII complexes, GdIII‐CLaNP13a/b/c were synthesized. Rather than the disulfide linkage of most other CLaNP molecules, a thioether linkage was used to avoid reductive dissociation of the linker. The doubly GdIII labeled N55C/V57C/K147C/T151C variants of T4Lysozyme were measured by 95 GHz DEER. The constructs were measured in vitro, in cell lysate and in Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Measured distances were 4.5 nm, consistent with results from paramagnetic NMR. A narrow distance distribution and typical modulation depth, also in cell, indicate complete and durable labeling and probe rigidity due to the dual attachment sites.
Numerical investigations into two‐phase turbulent modalities for bubble column flows
Authors: Tang Xin , Xu Songlin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing the software Fluent, computational fluid dynamic simulations of bubble column flows were carried out in a 3D, unsteady, Euler‐Euler framework, combined with a population balance model (PBM), and discussed in connection with laboratory‐scale bubble columns, with special attention to two‐phase turbulent modalities (TPTMs) representing gas‐liquid turbulent interaction. Based on both time‐averaged and instantaneous characteristics of the flow fields, including four typical modalities (single‐phase, single‐phase and bubble‐induced turbulence (BIT), mixture, and per‐phase) and two rare modalities (mixture‐and‐BIT, and per‐phase‐and‐BIT), overall, six different TPTMs were comprehensively investigated. The results reveal that the single‐phase‐and‐BIT modality is suitable for simulating bubble column flows. However, the utilities of the single‐phase and per‐phase modalities are highly consistent, and it is recommended to use them with BIT modification. Besides, the mixture modality is unique compared with the three other typical modalities, and can be used as an acceptable simplified approach.
Left atrial activation and asymmetric anatomical remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation: The relation between anatomy and function
Authors: Nedios Sotirios , Löbe Susanne , Knopp Helge , Seewöster Timm , Heijman Jordi , Crijns Harry J. G. M. , Arya Arash , Bollmann Andreas , Hindricks Gerhard , Dinov Borislav 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying patients with advanced left atrial (LA) remodeling before catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) is crucial.HypothesisThis study aimed to identify echocardiographic parameters associated with changes in anatomy and conduction properties of the left atrium (LA).MethodsWe examined 75 AF patients prior to CA and measured the intervals from the P‐wave‐onset to four mitral annulus sites by pulsed‐wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW‐TDI). Patients were grouped to an upward U‐pattern (delayed anterior activation) and a downward D‐pattern (earliest LA activation anterior). CT‐data were used to measure the LA volume (LAV). LAV was divided into anterior‐ (LA‐A) and posterior‐parts by a plane, parallel to the posterior wall and between the veins and the appendage, to calculate the asymmetry index (ASI = LA‐A/LAV).ResultsPatients with U‐pattern (n = 66) had a higher ASI (65 ± 6 vs. 61 ± 3%, p = .014), older age (61 ± 11 vs. 51 ± 11 years, p = .03) and more diastolic dysfunction (71 vs. 22%, p = .008) Multivariate regression showed that age (OR 1.1 per year, CI 1.007–1.199) and diastolic dysfunction (OR 6.36, CI 1.132–35.7, p = .036) were independent predictors of the U‐pattern. Diastolic dysfunction (B 4.49, CI 1.61–7.37, p = .003) was the only independent predictor of ASI in linear regression analysis.ConclusionAF patients with a U‐pattern have an increased LA asymmetry. Diastolic dysfunction is a common cause of this LA activation and remodeling. Therefore, detection of a U‐pattern signifies patients with advanced AF and may facilitate selection for an appropriate ablation strategy.
Appended Aromatic Moieties in Flexible Bis‐3‐chloropiperidines Confer Tropism against Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Carraro Caterina , Helbing Tim , Francke Alexander , Zuravka Ivonne , Sosic Alice , De Franco Michele , Gandin Valentina , Gatto Barbara , Göttlich D. Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNitrogen mustards (NMs) are an old but still largely diffused class of anticancer drugs. However, spreading mechanisms of resistance undermine their efficacy and therapeutic applicability. To expand their antitumour value, we developed bis‐3‐chloropiperidines (B‐CePs), a new class of mustard‐based alkylating agent, and we recently reported the striking selectivity for BxPC‐3 pancreatic tumour cells of B‐CePs bearing aromatic moieties embedded in the linker. In this study, we demonstrate that such tropism is shared by bis‐3‐chloropiperidines bearing appended aromatic groups in flexible linkers, whereas esters substituted by aliphatic groups or by efficient DNA‐interacting groups are potent but nonselective cytotoxic agents. Besides, we describe how the critical balance between water stability and DNA reactivity can affect the properties of bis‐3‐chloropiperidines. Together, these findings support the exploitation of B‐CePs as potential antitumour clinical candidates.
Relationship between insurance status and outcomes for patients with breast cancer in Missouri
Authors: Berrian Jennifer L. , Liu Ying , Lian Min , Schmaltz Chester L. , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe cancer stage at diagnosis, treatment delays, and breast cancer mortality vary with insurance status.MethodsUsing the Missouri Cancer Registry, this analysis included 31,485 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) of a late‐stage (stage III or IV) diagnosis and a treatment delay (>60 days after the diagnosis) were calculated with logistic regression. The hazard ratio (HR) of breast cancer mortality was calculated with Cox proportional hazards regression. Mediation analysis was used to quantify the individual contributions of each covariate to mortality.ResultsThe OR of a late‐stage diagnosis was higher for patients with Medicaid (OR, 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56‐1.91) or no insurance (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.91‐2.78) in comparison with privately insured patients. Medicare (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.37), Medicaid (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.37‐1.85), and uninsured patients (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.18‐2.12) had higher odds of a treatment delay. The HR of breast cancer–specific mortality was significantly increased in the groups with public insurance or no insurance and decreased after sequential adjustments for sociodemographic factors (HR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.96‐2.91), tumor characteristics (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.56), and treatment (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.50). Late‐stage diagnoses accounted for 72.5% of breast cancer mortality in the uninsured.ConclusionsCompared with the privately insured, women with public or no insurance had a higher risk for advanced breast cancer, a >60‐day treatment delay, and death from breast cancer. Particularly for the uninsured, Medicaid expansion and increased funding for education and screening programs could decrease breast cancer disparities.
The enhancement of appetite through the use of colored light in case of a cake: Preliminary evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Wang Ching‐Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAppetites are strongly affected by the color of the food and it has been found that different colors can affect the brain reflexes that impact the appetite. In this study, event‐related potential was used as a measurement tool to detect brain wave responses to assess foods under different colors of light, and to compare the appetite performance of participants. The food samples were captured under incandescent lights and colored lights (red and green lights under 5200 K). The incandescent lights were divided into the differential color temperature (2700, 4000, 6500 and 7500 K). Seventeen participants were invited to the experiment. The event‐related potential results showed that the warm incandescent light (4000 K) significantly increased appetite. Moreover, the red light enhances the late positive component amplitude and enhances the consumer's visual attraction and impression. The conclusions showed that the color of lighting can affect consumers' emotions, behaviors, psychology, and even appetite, and preliminary scientific evidence has been obtained from event‐related potential.
Informed Consent for Genetic and Genomic Research
Authors: Botkin Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenetic research often utilizes or generates information that is potentially sensitive to individuals, families, or communities. For these reasons, genetic research may warrant additional scrutiny from investigators and governmental regulators, compared to other types of biomedical research. The informed consent process should address the range of social and psychological issues that may arise in genetic research. This article addresses a number of these issues, including recruitment of participants, disclosure of results, psychological impact of results, insurance and employment discrimination, community engagement, consent for tissue banking, and intellectual property issues. Points of consideration are offered to assist in the development of protocols and consent processes in light of contemporary debates on a number of these issues. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Standard treatment–refractory cytomegalovirus encephalitis unmasked by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and successfully treated with virus‐specific hyperimmune globulin
Authors: Maximova Natalia , Marcuzzi Annalisa , Del Rizzo Irene , Zanon Davide , Maestro Alessandra , Barbi Egidio , Sala Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesCytomegalovirus (CMV)‐related encephalitis is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication of CMV infection in immunocompromised patients. The high mortality rate is associated with deficient immune system reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and poor bioavailability of antiviral drugs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CMV‐related central nervous system (CNS) infection may occur with aspecific symptoms, without evidence of either blood viral load or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of encephalitis.MethodsHere, we describe a 10‐year‐old girl who underwent an allogeneic HSCT and subsequently developed CMV encephalitis. Because of the absence of CMV antigen in the blood, the diagnosis of encephalitis was proposed only after a delay, following the onset of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Two months of combined dual antiviral therapy with ganciclovir and foscarnet proved ineffective against CMV and caused significant bone marrow and renal toxicity. To avoid further toxicity, the girl was given daily treatment with CMV‐hyperimmune globulins alone.ResultsAfter three weeks, the CSF viral load dropped significantly and was undetectable within three more weeks. In the meantime, the renal impairment resolved, and there was a complete bone marrow recovery.ConclusionWe suggest that this patient succeeded in achieving CMV CSF clearance with high dose of CMV‐hyperimmune globulin, given alone, because of the ability of immunoglobulins to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
White matter integrity moderates the relation between experienced childhood maltreatment and fathers’ behavioral response to infant crying
Authors: Alyousefi‐van Dijk Kim , van der Knaap Noa , Buisman Renate S.M. , Horstman Lisa I. , Lotz Anna M. , Riem Madelon M. E. , Schuengel Carlo , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ability to provide appropriate responses to infant distress is vital to paternal care, but may be affected by fathers’ experiences of childhood maltreatment. Detrimental effects of childhood maltreatment have been found in the adult brain's white matter fibers, accompanied with impaired emotional and cognitive functioning. In the current study (N = 121), we examined new and expectant fathers’ childhood maltreatment experiences (i.e. emotional and physical abuse and neglect), current behavioral responses (i.e. handgrip force) to infant cry sounds, and white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging. First, more exposure to childhood maltreatment was associated with more use of excessive handgrip force in response to infant crying by fathers. Second, the association between experienced childhood maltreatment and white matter integrity was not significant in whole‐brain analyses. Lastly, we found that the association between maltreatment exposure and excessive handgrip force during infant crying was absent in fathers with high tract integrity in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus. These findings possibly point to insufficient behavioral inhibition or emotional dysregulation in fathers who experienced childhood maltreatment, but buffering for this effect in those with larger integrity in brain fibers connecting the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
New application of the CRISPR‐Cas9 system for site‐specific exogenous gene doping analysis
Authors: Yi Joon‐Yeop , Kim Minyoung , Min Hophil , Kim Byung‐Gee , Son Junghyun , Kwon Oh‐Seung , Sung Changmin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe increased potential for gene doping since the introduction of gene therapy presents the need to develop antidoping assays. We therefore aimed to develop a quick and simple method for the detection of specifically targeted exogenous doping genes utilizing an in vitro clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR‐Cas9) system. A human erythropoietin (hEPO) is a drug frequently used for doping in athletes, and gene doping using gene transfer techniques may be attempted. Therefore, we selected hEPO gene as a model of exogenous doping gene, and complemental single guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed to specifically bind to the four exon–exon junctions in the hEPO cDNA. For the rapid reaction of CRISPR‐Cas9, further optimization was performed using an open‐source program (CRISPOR) that avoids TT and GCC motifs before the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) domain and predicts the efficiency of the sgRNA. We optimized the in vitro Cas9 assay and dual use of sgRNA for double cleavage and identified the limit of detection (LOD) of the 1.25 nM of the double cleavage method. We expect that the improved CRISPR‐Cas9 method can be used for antidoping analysis of gene doping.
Cardiac output changes during exercise in heart failure patients: focus on mid‐exercise
Authors: Corrieri Nicoletta , Del Torto Alberico , Vignati Carlo , Maragna Riccardo , De Martino Fabiana , Cellamare Martina , Farina Stefania , Salvioni Elisabetta , Bonomi Alice , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPeak exercise oxygen uptake (VO2) and cardiac output (CO) are strong prognostic indexes in heart failure (HF) but unrelated to real‐life physical activity, which is associated to submaximal effort.Methods and resultsWe analysed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test with rest, mid‐exercise, and peak exercise non‐invasive CO measurements (inert gas rebreathing) of 231 HF patients and 265 healthy volunteers. HF patients were grouped according to exercise capacity (peak VO2 < 50% and ≥50% pred, Groups 1 and 2). To account for observed differences, data regarding VO2, CO, stroke volume (SV), and artero‐venous O2 content difference [ΔC(a‐v)O2] were adjusted by age, gender, and body mass index. A multiple regression analysis was performed to predict peak VO2 from mid‐exercise cardiopulmonary exercise test and CO parameters among HF patients. Rest VO2 was lower in HF compared with healthy subjects; meanwhile, Group 1 patients had the lowest CO and highest ΔC(a‐v)O2. At mid‐exercise, Group 1 patients achieved a lower VO2, CO, and SV [0.69 (interquartile range 0.57–0.80) L/min; 5.59 (4.83–6.67) L/min; 62 (51–73) mL] than Group 2 [0.94 (0.83–1.1) L/min; 7.6 (6.56–9.01) L/min; 77 (66–92) mL] and healthy subjects [1.15 (0.93–1.30) L/min; 9.33 (8.07–10.81) L/min; 87 (77–102) mL]. Rest to mid‐exercise SV increase was lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (P = 0.001) and healthy subjects (P < 0.001). At mid‐exercise, ΔC(a‐v)O2 was higher in Group 2 [13.6 (11.8–15.4) mL/100 mL] vs. healthy patients [11.6 (10.4–13.2) mL/100 mL] (P = 0.002) but not different from Group 1 [13.6 (12.0–14.9) mL/100 mL]. At peak exercise, Group 1 patients achieved a lower VO2, CO, and SV than Group 2 and healthy subjects. ΔC(a‐v)O2 was the highest in Group 2. At multivariate analysis, a model comprising mid‐exercise VO2, carbon dioxide production (VCO2), CO, haemoglobin, and weight predicted peak VO2, P < 0.001. Mid‐exercise VO2 and CO, haemoglobin, and weight added statistically significantly to the prediction, P < 0.050.ConclusionsMid‐exercise VO2 and CO portend peak exercise values and identify severe HF patients. Their evaluation could be clinically useful.
Identification of sensitive process parameter of rubber seed oil conversion to biodiesel using fluorite and calcined limestone as catalysts—Uncertainty error analysis
Authors: Aryasomayajula Venkata Satya Lakshmi Sai Bharadwaj , Subramaniapillai Niju , Begum Khadhar Mohamed Meera Sheriffa , Narayanan Anantharaman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReliability on the observed results of biodiesel prepared from high viscous rubber seed oil (RSO) using fluorite and calcined limestone as catalysts has been studied using uncertainty error analysis. In this study, the error analysis was performed for three different deviations 5, 10, and 15% of optimum process parameter conditions of 12:1 methanol: oil molar ratio (mol/mol), 4 (wt %) of catalyst concentration, and 5(h) of reaction time, respectively. All the uncertainty experiments were performed for upper level and lower level of every deviation mentioned with. From these experiments, it was observed that methanol: oil molar ratio (mol/mol) shows more error on a small deviation of optimum conditions when compared with catalyst concentration and reaction time, respectively. It is also observed that molar ratio is the most sensitive process parameter in biodiesel preparation from RSO using fluorite and calcined limestone as heterogeneous base catalysts when compared to catalyst concentration and reaction time, respectively.
Energy quality factor and exergy destruction processes analysis for chemical looping hydrogen generation by coal
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhu Lin , Wang Yuan , Sun Ling 
Published: November 2020

SummaryChemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG) is a hydrogen production process with broad prospects for its advantages of not requiring H2 purification process and direct CO2 capture. Presently, the research on the integrated system of CLHG focuses on the impact of integrated processes and operating variables on the overall energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system. However, the research on the matching relationship between quantity and quality in the process of energy conversion is insufficient, and the flow direction of exergy and the specific exergy destruction process for equipment are not clear. The integrated system of coal gasification (CG) and three reactors CLHG was established in this paper with a hydrogen production efficiency of 42.55% and system exergy efficiency of 52.98%. This paper studied the exergy flow direction and efficiency of the equipment in the system, providing the improved direction for the amelioration of the system; a detailed description was present on the change process of energy quality in each equipment with energy quality factor, and the concept of energy quality factor ratio was proposed as an evaluation tool for matching the quantity and quality of energy in the system. It is calculated that the ratio of energy quality factor of the integrated system of CG and CLHG is 0.944. By comparing with the energy quality ratio of the traditional CG hydrogen production system (0.896), it can be concluded that the integrated system of CG and CLHG has a better energy matching relationship.
Machine learning‐based model for lithium‐ion batteries in BMS of electric/hybrid electric aircraft
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Reza , Bahadoran Baghbadorani Afsoon , Esmaeeli Roja , Mahajan Ajay , Farhad Siamak 
Published: November 2020

SummaryReliable operation and control of battery packs can lead to increasing applications of batteries as energy sources for mobile power systems such as electric/hybrid electric aircraft. If the operation of a battery pack is controlled and monitored thoroughly, the safety in the battery system of an electrified aircraft can be guaranteed. The battery model has many applications in battery management systems such as battery performance analysis and fault detection. To achieve an accurate fault diagnosis for electric aircraft, an intelligent fault detection scheme within an accurate battery cell model is required. In this study, an adaptive lithium‐ion battery model is proposed in which models' parameters are estimated by a supervised machine learning paradigm. This adaptive battery model is developed based on a second order equivalent circuit model, which has a good representation of lithium‐ion batteries dynamics. Comparative verification experiments show good accuracy and robustness of the machine learning‐based parameter estimator lead to an accurate battery model with an average error less than 0.4%. Moreover, to see the effectiveness of this machine learning‐based model in fault detection applications, a model‐based fault diagnosis scheme is developed. Finally, the analysis of fault diagnosis tests under different test conditions proves that the proposed adaptive battery model can significantly improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of batteries.
Edge‐based blockchain enabled anomaly detection for insider attack prevention in Internet of Things
Authors: Tukur Yusuf Muhammad , Thakker Dhavalkumar , Awan Irfan‐Ullah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) platforms are responsible for overall data processing in the IoT System. This ranges from analytics and big data processing to gathering all sensor data over time to analyze and produce long‐term trends. However, this comes with prohibitively high demand for resources such as memory, computing power and bandwidth, which the highly resource constrained IoT devices lack to send data to the platforms to achieve efficient operations. This results in poor availability and risk of data loss due to single point of failure should the cloud platforms suffer attacks. The integrity of the data can also be compromised by an insider, such as a malicious system administrator, without leaving traces of their actions. To address these issues, we propose in this work an edge‐based blockchain enabled anomaly detection technique to prevent insider attacks in IoT. The technique first employs the power of edge computing to reduce the latency and bandwidth requirements by taking processing closer to the IoT nodes, hence improving availability, and avoiding single point of failure. It then leverages some aspect of sequence‐based anomaly detection, while integrating distributed edge with blockchain that offers smart contracts to perform detection and correction of abnormalities in incoming sensor data. Evaluation of our technique using real IoT system datasets showed that the technique remarkably achieved the intended purpose, while ensuring integrity and availability of the data which is critical to IoT success.