bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences for disclosing adverse childhood experiences for children and adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Williams  Wadsworth A. , Jain Manu , Laguna Theresa A. , McColley Susanna A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe 2017–2018 National Survey of Children's Health estimates that 30 million (42%) US children have experienced at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE), including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. ACEs negatively impact long‐term health, and there has been no study of ACEs in cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed willingness to disclose ACEs experienced by children with CF by surveying their parents and adults with CF.MethodsWe anonymously surveyed parents of children with CF and adults with CF at the Northwestern University/Lurie Children's CF Center to determine their willingness to disclose ACEs.ResultsThe survey was completed by 46/157 (29%) parents and 36/105 (34%) adults with CF. Few parents (22%) and adults (17%) were willing to discuss most or all specific ACEs, more were willing to disclose the number of ACEs experienced in a category (57% parents, 47% adults), and the majority were willing to participate in anonymous research about ACEs (76% parents, 67% adults). Most parents (63%) and adults (50%) would prefer to have ACEs screened separately from their CF appointment, and most parents (63%) and adults (56%) wanted to learn more about ACEs from a member of their care team.ConclusionsParticipants preferred to disclose the number of categorical ACEs rather than specific ACEs and most were open to participating in anonymous ACEs research. More research is needed before implementing screening. Educating patients, parents, and providers about ACEs and appropriate interventions when ACES are identified is needed for both research and clinical applications of ACEs screening.
A population pharmacokinetics analysis assessing the exposure of raltegravir once‐daily 1200 mg in pregnant women living with HIV
Authors: Bukkems Vera E. , Post Teun M. , Colbers Angela P. , Burger David M. , Svensson Elin M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOnce‐daily two 600 mg tablets (1200 mg q.d.) raltegravir offers an easier treatment option compared to the twice‐daily regimen of one 400 mg tablet. No pharmacokinetic, efficacy, or safety data of the 1200 mg q.d. regimen have been reported in pregnant women to date as it is challenging to collect these clinical data. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model to predict the pharmacokinetic profile of raltegravir 1200 mg q.d. in pregnant women and to discuss the expected pharmacodynamic properties of raltegravir 1200 mg q.d. during pregnancy based on previously reported concentration‐effect relationships. Data from 11 pharmacokinetic studies were pooled (n = 221). A two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination and absorption through three sequential transit compartments best described the data. We assessed that the bio‐availability of the 600 mg tablets was 21% higher as the 400 mg tablets, and the bio‐availability in pregnant women was 49% lower. Monte–Carlo simulations were performed to predict the pharmacokinetic profile of 1200 mg q.d. in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The primary criteria for efficacy were that the lower bound of the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the concentration before next dose administration (Ctrough) geometric mean ratio (GMR) of simulated pregnant/nonpregnant women had to be greater than 0.75. The simulated raltegravir Ctrough GMR (90% CI) was 0.51 (0.41–0.63), hence not meeting the primary target for efficacy. Clinical data from two pregnant women using 1200 mg q.d. raltegravir showed a similar Ctrough ratio pregnant/nonpregnant. Our pharmacokinetic results support the current recommendation of not using the raltegravir 1200 mg q.d. regimen during pregnancy until more data on the exposure‐response relationship becomes available.
Comparison between robot‐assisted middle pancreatectomy and robot‐assisted distal pancreatectomy for benign or low‐grade malignant tumours located in the neck of the pancreas: A propensity score matched study
Authors: Shi Yusheng , Wang Qingrou , Shi Zhihao , Xie Junjie , Jin Jiabin , Chen Hao , Deng Xiaxing , Peng Chenghong , Shen Baiyong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the short‐term and long‐term outcomes between robot‐assisted middle pancreatectomy (RMP) and robot‐assisted distal pancreatectomy (RDP).MethodsFrom August 2010 to May 2018, more than 800 patients were diagnosed with benign or low‐grade malignant pancreatic tumours. According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 164 patients were included in our study. Among them 123 patients received RMP and 41 patients received RDP with spleen‐preserving. These patients were divided into two groups, and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize bias. Short‐term and long‐term outcomes were recorded and analysed.ResultsAfter 1:1 matching, 38 cases of RMP and RDP were recorded and the baseline data was balanced. In the RMP group, 14 patients (36.8%) were female. In the RDP group, 13 patients (34.2%) were female. RDP had advantages in short‐term outcomes including overall morbidity (28.9% vs. 60.5%, p = 0.011), Severe morbidity (0 vs. 10.5%, p = 0.017), clinical‐relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) rate (10.5% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.007) and postoperative length of hospital stay (16.5 ± 8.6 days vs. 23.6 ± 12.9 days, p = 0.006). The operative time was similar; however, there were less estimated blood loss (EBL) in RMP group (31.3 ± 33.0 ml vs. 62.3 ± 38.2 ml, p<0.001). Patients in these two groups had a similar result in preservation of the pancreatic function. There was no statistic difference in incidence rate of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency between two groups (2.6% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.608; 5.3% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.671).ConclusionFor benign or low‐grade malignant tumours located at the neck of the pancreas, RMP and RDP could both be considered. The morbidity especially CR‐POPF rate after RDP would be lower, but RMP would be more helpful in reducing EBL. RMP should be chosen with caution as it did not show a huge advantage in preserving normal pancreatic function. Further prospective randomised studies should be designed to compare these two types of surgery.
Gain‐scheduled control design for discrete‐time nonlinear systems using difference‐algebraic representations
Authors: Reis Gabriela L. , Araújo Rodrigo F. , Torres Leonardo A. B. , Palhares Reinaldo M. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis paper addresses the local stabilization problem of nonlinear systems described by Difference‐Algebraic Representations (DAR). A novel set of sufficient Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) conditions are developed to design gain‐scheduled state feedback controllers. The proposed approach uses parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions and new auxiliary decision variables aiming to obtain less conservative results. Two optimization problems are proposed to either obtain the largest estimated Domain‐of‐Attraction (DOA) or minimize theℓ2‐gain from the energy‐bounded disturbance input to the performance output. Furthermore, this investigation considers control input saturation and system states constrained in a polyhedral region. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, showing favorable comparisons with recently published similar approaches.
The role of interest in climate change instruction
Authors: Carman Jennifer , Zint Michaela , Burkett Erin , Ibáñez Inés 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs climate change becomes an increasingly important topic for science educators, it is critical to learn how teachers may be able to increase students' knowledge about it. We conducted two consecutive quasi‐experimental studies that investigated the role of interest in predicting middle school students' knowledge gains from a unit about how scientists use mathematical models to predict climate change's impacts on forests. The studies measured the intervention's effects on students' knowledge about climate change and examined how their interest in the topic and related factors were associated with their knowledge before and after the intervention. Participants in the two studies included 467 treatment and 177 comparison group students (Study 1) and 363 treatment and 219 comparison group students (Study 2). Multilevel modeling analyses revealed increases in students' knowledge about climate change after participating in the unit. Path modeling analyses showed that students' interest in climate change was indirectly related to their knowledge about climate change, mediated by students' existing desire to learn more, their interest in the unit, their belief that climate change was important (Studies 1 and 2), as well as their behavioral self‐efficacy (Study 2). Students' interest in science was positively associated with their knowledge about climate change (Study 1) but their perception of threats posed by climate change was not (Study 2). Findings suggest that science educators can improve students' knowledge about climate change by connecting the topic to students' lives and ensuring they feel empowered to act on climate change.
A reflection on explanatory factors for COVID‐19: A comparative study between countries
Authors: Santos Eulália , Oliveira Margarida , Ratten Vanessa , Tavares Fernando Oliveira , Tavares Vasco Capela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is the biggest problem facing the world nowadays. Each country in the world has its own characteristics, which means that its governments, at different rhythms, adopt identical measures to combat this new virus. This article aims to perform a comparative study between countries with a population similar to the Portuguese in number of inhabitants and to find out which factors may explain the numbers registered with the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results show that the countries that carried out more population tests have higher values in tourism, security, innovation, competitiveness, and GDP per capita indicators. There is a significant and positive relationship between temperature and the daily cases of COVID‐19 infections. The results found contribute to a greater knowledge of the behavior of this disease according to the characteristics of each country, making it useful for international business managers to compare and contrast different country environmental conditions in order to define alternative strategies to overcome this great period of disturbance more quickly.
Attaining Food Security in the Wake of Climatic Risks: Lessons from the Delta State of Nigeria
Authors: Ebhuoma Eromose E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate variability and change have undermined the poor rural households’ ability in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to engage in food production effectively – which comprises their primary source of livelihood – partly because it is predominantly rain-fed. Notwithstanding, the rural poor are not docile victims to climatic risks. They actively seek innovative ways to utilize their bundle of assets to reduce the negative effects of climatic risks to ensure household food security. Bundle of assets comprise the financial, human, physical, social, and natural assets owned by, or easily accessible to, an individual. Drawing on primary data obtained qualitatively in the Delta State of Nigeria, this chapter analyzes how Indigenous farmers utilize their bundle of assets to grow their food in the face of a rapidly changing climate. The results indicate that human and social assets played crucial roles in facilitating household food security. Also, social assets facilitated the procurement of other assets necessary to ensure continuity in food production, albeit farmers continue to live under the global poverty line. This chapter critically discusses the implications of these findings in relation to the attainment of both the first and second Sustainable Development Goals (no poverty and zero hunger) by 2030 in the Delta State.
Spurious poles in the scattering of electric and magnetic charges
Authors: Terning John , Verhaaren Christopher B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Theories with both electric and magnetic charges (“mutually non-local” theories) have several major obstacles to calculating scattering amplitudes. Even when the interaction arises through the kinetic mixing of two, otherwise independent, U(1)’s, so that all low-energy interactions are perturbative, difficulties remain: using a self-dual, local formalism leads to spurious poles at any finite order in perturbation theory. Correct calculations must show how the spurious poles cancel in observable scattering amplitudes. Consistency requires that one type of charge is confined as a result of one of the U(1)’s being broken. Here we show how the constraints of confinement and parity conservation on observable processes manages to cancel the spurious poles in scattering and pair production amplitudes, paving the way for systematic studies of the experimental signatures of “dark” electric-magnetic processes. Along the way we demonstrate some novel effects in electric-magnetic interactions, including that the amplitude for single photon production of magnetic particles by electric particles vanishes.
Phase transitions in TGFT: functional renormalization group in the cyclic-melonic potential approximation and equivalence to O(N) models
Authors: Pithis Andreas G. A. , Thürigen Johannes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the group field theory approach to quantum gravity, continuous spacetime geometry is expected to emerge via phase transition. However, understanding the phase diagram and finding fixed points under the renormalization group flow remains a major challenge. In this work we tackle the issue for a tensorial group field theory using the functional renormalization group method. We derive the flow equation for the effective potential at any order restricting to a subclass of tensorial interactions called cyclic melonic and projecting to a constant field in group space. For a tensor field of rankron U(1) we explicitly calculate beta functions and find equivalence with those of O(N) models but with an effective dimension flowing fromr −1 to zero. In ther −1 dimensional regime, the equivalence to O(N) models is modified by a tensor specific flow of the anomalous dimension with the consequence that the Wilson-Fisher type fixed point solution has two branches. However, due to the flow to dimension zero, fixed points describing a transition between a broken and unbroken phase do not persist and we find universal symmetry restoration. To overcome this limitation, it is necessary to go beyond compact configuration space.
Pairwise imitation and evolution of the social contract
Authors: Campigotto Nicola 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the evolution of conventions in Stag Hunt games when agents’ behaviour depends on pairwise payoff comparisons. The results of two imitative decision rules are compared with each other and with those obtained when agents myopically best respond to the distribution of play. These rules differ in terms of their rationale, their requirements, and the extent to which they make individuals learn from others. Depending on payoffs and the interaction process being considered, best response learning can cause either the rewarding All Stag equilibrium or the inefficient All Hare equilibrium to emerge as the long-run convention. In contrast, pairwise imitation favours the emergence of the Pareto-inferior equilibrium. This result is robust to assuming assortative matching and some heterogeneity in decision rules.
Alopecia in Harlequin mutant mice is associated with reduced AIF protein levels and expression of retroviral elements
Authors: Hintze Maik , Griesing Sebastian , Michels Marion , Blanck Birgit , Wischhof Lena , Hartmann Dieter , Bano Daniele , Franz Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated the contribution of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in supporting hair growth. We report that pelage abnormalities developed during hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis in Harlequin (Hq) mutant mice. Fragility of the hair cortex was associated with decreased expression of genes encoding structural hair proteins, though key transcriptional regulators of HF development were expressed at normal levels. Notably,Aifm1 (R200 del)knockin males andAifm1(R200 del)/Hqfemales showed minor hair defects, despite substantially reduced AIF levels. Furthermore, we cloned the integrated ecotropic provirus of theAifm1Hqallele. We found that its overexpression in wild-type keratinocyte cell lines led to down-regulation of HF-specificKrt84andKrtap3-3genes without alteringAifm1or epidermalKrt5expression. Together, our findings imply that pelage paucity inHqmutant mice is mechanistically linked to severe AIF deficiency and is associated with the expression of retroviral elements that might potentially influence the transcriptional regulation of structural hair proteins.
Follow-up in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: facts and future
Authors: Witjes J. Alfred 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have high recurrence and progression rates in spite of tumor resection and adjuvant instillation therapy. To detect recurrences and progression, these patients remain under frequent follow-up. Follow-up, however, is not well defined. Frequency and duration of follow recommendations are based on low levels of evidence, which is illustrated by clear differences in these recommendations per guideline, even when specified per risk group. Additionally, follow-up is recommended with cystoscopy and cytology in selected patients, which both have clear limitations. Fact is that follow-up in NMIBC is too frequent, with low levels of evidence and suboptimal tools, and it is patient unfriendly and costly. Improved cystoscopy techniques are unproven or impractical in the outpatient follow-up setting. Urinary markers have been around for decades, but never widely used in clinical practice. New (epi)genetic markers, however, could play a significant role in future follow-up of NMIBC. They have been shown to have very high negative predictive values for recurrences in follow-up of NMIBC, especially high-grade recurrences. Several studies suggested that these markers could be used to adapt follow-up cystoscopy frequency. What still needs study and confirmation is the cost-effectiveness of the use of these markers, which is highly dependent on health care costs per country and marker price. In all, however, implementation of these new urinary markers after confirmation of current results might significantly reduce patient burden and health care costs in the near future without reducing quality.
Effects of competitive sports on temporomandibular dysfunction: a literature review
Authors: Freiwald Hannah Charlotte , Schwarzbach Nico Peter , Wolowski Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The German Society of Craniomandibular Function and Disorders recommends that patients suffering from temporomandibular dysfunctions should practice sports in order to compensate for everyday stress. This raises the question as to what extent competitive athletes develop temporomandibular dysfunctions or whether their athletic activities protect them. With the present literature review, the authors intend to give an overview of the currently available publications on this topic.

Materials and methods
A literature research in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was performed to filter out the currently available publications on the topic ‚sports, and temporomandibular dysfunction.

Results
Out of 114 available articles, seven met the inclusion criteria. Two other relevant articles were found in the list of references, so that in total, nine publications were picked for the review. In case numbers ranging from eight to 347 subjects, a temporomandibular dysfunction was detected with a prevalence between 11.7% and 100% for athletes and between 11.11% and 14.3% for non-athletes. Different kinds of sports were evaluated, all of them contact sports: basketball, handball, wrestling, boxing, karate, mixed martial arts, field hockey, water polo, and soccer. One study compared athletes with and without consumption of anabolic steroids, regardless of the type of sport. The level of athletic performance varied across the different studies.

Conclusions
Currently, studies dealing with the effect of competitive sports on temporomandibular dysfunction are scarce. Inconsistent methodological procedures permit only limited comparability.

Clinical relevance
A general trend, however, can already be discerned: professional athletes suffer from temporomandibular dysfunctions more frequently than non-athletes.
Das Hamburger Dieselverbot: ein Beispiel für die Schwierigkeit von Politikevaluierung
Authors: Aydin Eren , Maennig Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHamburg erließ Durchfahrverbote für bestimmte Dieselfahrzeuge in stark belasteten Straßenabschnitten mit dem Ziel, die Schadstoffemissionen zu reduzieren. Der Erfolgsnachweis ist schwierig. Relativ kleine Änderungen bezüglich der analysierten Zeiträume, Kontrollgruppen und Kontrollvariablen können zu signifikant unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führen. Diese Untersuchung ist ein Beispiel für die Schwierigkeit von Ex-post-Evaluierungen politischer Maßnahmen.
Corona-Krise: Staatsbeteiligungen bleiben eine problematische Intervention in den Markt
Authors: Röhl Klaus-Heiner , Rusche Christian 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Pandemie erfordert staatliche Eingriffe, um negative ökonomische Auswirkungen auf Konsumenten und Unternehmen abzumildern. Es bestehen jedoch auch Gefahren bei Interventionen durch den Staat: So können ineffiziente Strukturen konserviert werden, Märkte verzerrt und langfristig negative Struktureffekte ausgelöst werden. Deswegen ist es wichtig, dass der Staat bei seinen Interventionen auf Marktkonformität achtet. Das bedeutet, dass keine Strukturen geschaffen werden dürfen, die sich nicht auch am Markt hätten bilden können oder am Wettbewerbsrecht gescheitert wären. Staatliche Eingriffe sollten überdies nicht dazu genutzt werden, um politischen Einfluss auszuüben.
Makroökonomische Folgen der demografischen Alterung
Authors: Petersen Thieß , Lizarazo López Martina , Kaniovski Serguei , Url Thomas 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer demografische Wandel ist in den meisten Industrienationen mit einer Alterung und Schrumpfung der Erwerbsbevölkerung verbunden. Daraus ergeben sich erhebliche Konsequenzen für zentrale makroökonomische Größen wie das Bruttoinlandsprodukt, die Arbeitsproduktivität, die Ersparnisse und Investitionen sowie den Leistungsbilanzsaldo. Angesichts des in den nächsten Jahrzehnten zu erwartenden demografischen Wandels müssen vor allem die stark alternden Länder Deutschland und Japan mit einer spürbaren Dämpfung des Wirtschaftswachstums rechnen. Allerdings kann z. B. der technologische Fortschritt in Form von Automatisierung und Digitalisierung diesen Entwicklungen entgegenwirken.
Das letzte deutsch-deutsche Rentenkapitel: der Härtefallfonds
Authors: Mislin Alexander 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der aktuellen Wahlperiode wird diskutiert, einen Fonds für Härtefälle aus der Rentenüberleitung einzurichten. Damit soll die Deutsche Einheit in der Rentenfrage vollendet werden. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, ob Ungerechtigkeiten aus der Rentenüberleitung entstanden sind. Entgegen der in der Öffentlichkeit vorgebrachten These, dass erhebliche Ungerechtigkeiten vorliegen, kann diese Analyse zeigen, dass zum Beispiel bei den in der DDR geschiedenen Frauen keine ökonomische und politische Diskriminierung vorliegt. Die Einrichtung eines Härtefallfonds erscheint dementsprechend als eine Scheinlösung, um eine Befriedung betroffener Gruppen sicherzustellen.