bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges
Authors: Cozzolino Daniele , Da Lio Beatrice , Bacco Davide , Oxenløwe Leif Katsuo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a rising interest in high‐dimensional quantum states and their impact on quantum communication. Indeed, the availability of an enlarged Hilbert space offers multiple advantages, from larger information capacity and increased noise resilience, to novel fundamental research possibilities in quantum physics. Multiple photonic degrees of freedom have been explored to generate high‐dimensional quantum states, both with bulk optics and integrated photonics. Furthermore, these quantum states have been propagated through various channels, for example, free‐space links, single‐mode, multicore, and multimode fibers, and also aquatic channels, experimentally demonstrating the theoretical advantages over 2D systems. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art on the generation, propagation, and detection of high‐dimensional quantum states is reviewed. Quantum communication with states living in d‐dimensional Hilbert spaces, qudits, yields great benefits. However, qudits generation, transmission, and detection is not a simple task to accomplish. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art on the generation, propagation, and measurement of high‐dimensional quantum states, highlighting their advantages, issues, and future perspectives.
Future technologies for very high throughput satellite systems
Authors: De Gaudenzi Riccardo , Angeletti Piero , Petrolati Daniele , Re Emiliano 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the possible satellite's role and technical solutions required for providing broadband services complementing the terrestrial fifth generation wireless standards. First, we review the satellite networks use cases, services, and system requirements. Then we investigate the satellite potential purpose for broadband service provision and the associated challenges with focus on the system and space/ground technological aspects. Different architectural satellite network solutions are illustrated jointly with the key system design trade‐offs. Particular emphasis is dedicated to the payload architecture. Finally, we illustrate the space and ground segment technologies enabling the successful satellite contribution to broadband services provision.
A Paclitaxel‐Based Mucoadhesive Nanogel with Multivalent Interactions for Cervical Cancer Therapy
Authors: Qian Qiuhui , Shi Leilei , Gao Xihui , Ma Yuan , Yang Jiapei , Zhang Zhihao , Qian Jiwen , Zhu Xinyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCervical cancer treatment is subject to limited drug access to locally diseased targets and generally resistant to chemotherapy, thus it is essential to develop a local drug delivery system to overcome these problems, premised on guaranteeing drug efficacy. With this goal in mind, a multivalent interactions‐based mucoadhesive nanogel for vaginal delivery is proposed. Briefly, the nanogel is constructed with mucoadhesive poly(acrylic acid) as the backbone and multiple inclusions between β‐cyclodextrin and paclitaxel as the crosslinking points. The in vitro experiments demonstrate that nanogel exerts high cytotoxicity to cancer cells, reverses multidrug resistance effectively, and successfully promotes the permeation of drugs. More to the point, as proved in the in vivo experiments, the retention time in the vagina is prolonged and the tumor growth is effectively suppressed by the nanogel without any side effects in the orthotopic cervical cancer model. As mentioned above, this novel mucoadhesive nanogel is believed to be a useful tool toward designing drug delivery systems for cervical cancer treatment.
Advanced Wearable Microfluidic Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Li Sheng , Ma Zhong , Cao Zhonglin , Pan Lijia , Shi Yi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWearable flexible sensors based on integrated microfluidic networks with multiplex analysis capability are emerging as a new paradigm to assess human health status and show great potential in application fields such as clinical medicine and athletic monitoring. Well‐designed microfluidic sensors can be attached to the skin surface to acquire various pieces of physiological information with high precision, such as sweat loss, information regarding metabolites, and electrolyte balance. Herein, the recent progress of wearable microfluidic sensors for applications in healthcare monitoring is summarized, including analysis principles and microfabrication methods. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for wearable microfluidic sensors in practical applications are discussed.
Design Principles of the Anode–Electrolyte Interface for All Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shen Zeyu , Zhang Weidong , Zhu Guannan , Huang Yiqiang , Feng Qi , Lu Yingying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAll solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) provide a promising solution for next‐generation rechargeable energy storage due to their high energy density and the high safety of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). However, most SSEs lack thermodynamic intrinsic stability against Li metal and chemical reactions happen spontaneously at the interface when solid‐state electrolytes are in contact with Li metal. An imperfect anode–electrolyte interface is a major hidden danger which restricts electrochemical performances and practical applications of full cells. This review comprehensively analyzes main challenges for anode–electrolyte interfaces in ASSLMBs including poor chemical or electrochemical compatibility, poor ion transport at the interface, and mechanical instability. Exiting strategies focusing on interface engineering are summarized and merits and nonmerits of each method are discussed objectively. The principles and outlooks of interface design are proposed. Meanwhile, advanced characterization and mass production technology are also brought forward to drive the in‐depth study and development of ASSLMBs.
Time from injection of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analog affects sperm quality in the critically endangered Mississippi gopher frog (Lithobates sevosus)
Authors: Watt Ashley Michelle , Marcec‐Greaves Ruth , Pitcher Trevor Edgar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate variation in sperm quality metrics (motility, velocity, and concentration) in the critically endangered Mississippi gopher frog (Lithobates sevosus) over three sampling time points after a luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) induction injection. Sperm was repeatedly collected from 11 individuals over three sampling times (30, 60, and 120 min) after injection. Variation in sperm quality was investigated using a repeated‐measures mixed model approach. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed a significant effect of sampling time for percent motility and velocity. Concentration was found to be marginally related to sampling time, while progressive motility was not significantly related to time after injection. Our findings are important for optimizing assisted reproduction‐related fertilization success and increasing the successful propagation of endangered species of imperiled frogs in captive breeding programs.
Conclusions: Perspectives and Puzzles in Researching Politics of (Dis)Integration
Authors: Zentai Violetta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe chapter reflects upon the main arguments that have been presented in the volume. It is acknowledged that the volume as a whole uncovers how integration governance embodies as well as generates conceptual, political and policy formations in various domains of societal affairs. The authors’ insights are reviewed on the construction of policy frames, hierarchising practices and everyday acts of (dis)integration. It is also discussed how the chapters experiment on three major conceptual and methodological puzzles. First, the chapters translate the concept of integration to an analytical device by teasing out the relations between migration and other societal affairs. Second, the authors act upon the critique of methodological nationalism by continuing to dwell on the nation-state as a centre of politics and policy mechanisms that shape disintegration practices and experiences. Third, the volume contemplates on normative and critical positions which differentiate policy actions and critical social research. Genuine concerns are linked in the volume and the broader literature for the weakening of mechanisms for protecting human dignity, rights and equal citizenship in Europe and beyond.
Jewish Immigrants in Israel: Disintegration Within Integration?
Authors: Desille Amandine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIsrael’s immigration policy, the Law of Return (1950), provides that Jews can immigrate to Israel and immediately obtain citizenship. The Law of Return therefore establishes an ‘ethno-nationalist citizenship’ which includes all Jews in the world but is restricted to Jews only. Yet, the immigration of Jews to Israel was never fully inclusive: Israel has often restricted the immigration of Jewish members of the diaspora who were considered to be socioeconomic burdens. The chapter examines more recent transformations of the Law of Return in a context of liberalisation of the Israeli economy and the devolution of power to local authorities. In fact, new immigrants follow two paths of integration: ‘direct absorption’ – whereby immigrants are granted benefits while being free to settle wherever they wish – and ‘community absorption’ – where immigrants are placed in ‘absorption centres’ and see their entitlements conditioned by residence, religious observance etc. These two paths strongly depend on nationality: Western immigrants, considered as economically useful, benefit from direct absorption and a more pluralist attitude of local governments; whereas immigrants from Africa and Asia are subject to an assimilationist policy. The neoliberalisation of Israel has led to a more restrictive Law of Return, which favours ‘productive’ individuals, thereby excluding not only non-Jews but also Jews who are perceived as less desirable.
Ein zeitgemäßes Leitbild für eine nachhaltige Agrarpolitik
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel präsentiert ein Leitbild für eine multifunktionale, natur- und umweltverträgliche Landwirtschaft sowie 15 Leitlinien für eine zukunftsfähige Agrarpolitik. Leitbild und Leitlinien versuchen, eine Brücke zwischen der derzeit vorherrschenden Produktions- und Einkommensorientierung der Agrarpolitik und den Anliegen des Natur- und Umweltschutzes zu schlagen. Das Leitbild wird mit konkreten quantitativen und qualitativen Zielen unterlegt, um Fortschritte messen zu können. Weiterhin diskutieren wir zentrale Dilemmata und Zielkonflikte der Agrarpolitik, um die Positionierung des Leitbilds, aber auch die Kosten seiner Verwirklichung zu verdeutlichen. Ein qualitativer Soll-Ist-Vergleich zwischen den 15 Leitlinien und der derzeitigen Agrarpolitik dient dazu, die anstehenden agrarpolitischen Aufgaben zu verdeutlichen.
Leaving the Swampland: non-geometric fluxes and the distance conjecture
Authors: Bizet Nana Cabo , Damian Cesar , Loaiza-Brito Oscar , Peña Damian Mayorga 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study a Type IIB isotropic toroidal compactification with non-geometric fluxes. Under the assumption of a hierarchy on the moduli, an effective scalar potential is constructed showing a runaway direction on the real part of the Kähler modulus while the rest of the moduli are stabilized. For the effective model to be consistent it is required that displacements in the field space are finite. Infinite distances in field space would imply a breakdown in the hierarchy assumption on the moduli.	In this context, the Swamp-land Distance Conjecture is satisfied suggesting the possibility of leaving or entering the Swampland by a parametric control of the fluxes. This is achieved upon allowing the non-geometric fluxes to take fractional values. In the process we are able to compute the cut-off scale below which the theory is valid, completely depending on the flux configuration. We also report on the appearance of a discrete spectrum of values for the string coupling at the level of the effective theory.
Homological classification of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 QFT. Rank-1 revisited
Authors: Caorsi Matteo , Cecotti Sergio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractArgyres and co-workers started a program to classify all 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 QFT by classifying Special Geometries with appropriate properties. They completed the program in rank-1. Rank-1$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 QFT are equivalently classified by the Mordell-Weil groups of certain rational elliptic surfaces. The classification of 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 QFT is also conjectured to be equivalent to the representation theoretic (RT) classification of all 2-Calabi-Yau categories with suitable properties. Since the RT approach smells to be much simpler than the Special-Geometric one, it is worthwhile to check this expectation by reproducing the rank-1 result from the RT side. This is the main purpose of the present paper. Along the route we clarify several issues and learn new details about the rank-1 SCFT. In particular, we relate the rank-1 classification tomirror symmetryfor Fano surfaces. In the follow-up paper we apply the RT methods to higher rank 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 SCFT.
Epigenetics and gestational diabetes: a review of epigenetic epidemiology studies and their use to explore epigenetic mediation and improve prediction
Authors: Elliott Hannah R. , Sharp Gemma C. , Relton Caroline L. , Lawlor Deborah A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Epigenetics encapsulates a group of molecular mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs (miRNAs). Gestational diabetes (GDM) increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and is associated with future offspring risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. It has been hypothesised that epigenetic mechanisms mediate an effect of GDM on offspring adiposity and type 2 diabetes and this could provide a modifiable mechanism to reduce type 2 diabetes in the next generation. Evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Epigenetic epidemiology could also contribute to reducing type 2 diabetes by identifying biomarkers that accurately predict risk of GDM and its associated future adverse outcomes. We reviewed published human studies that explored associations between any of maternal GDM, type 2 diabetes, gestational fasting or post-load glucose and any epigenetic marker (DNA methylation, histone modification or miRNA). Of the 81 relevant studies we identified, most focused on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating intrauterine effects of GDM on offspring outcomes. Studies were small (median total number of participants 58; median number of GDM cases 27) and most did not attempt replication. The most common epigenetic measure analysed was DNA methylation. Most studies that aimed to explore epigenetic mediation examined associations of in utero exposure to GDM with offspring cord or infant blood/placenta DNA methylation. Exploration of any causal effect, or effect on downstream offspring outcomes, was lacking. There is a need for more robust methods to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms as possible mediators of effects of exposure to GDM on future risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Research to identify epigenetic biomarkers to improve identification of women at risk of GDM and its associated adverse (maternal and offspring) outcomes is currently rare but could contribute to future tools for accurate risk stratification.
[18F]Fluorocholine PET/CT-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with recurrent oligometastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Pasqualetti Francesco , Panichi Marco , Sollini Martina , Sainato Aldo , Galli Luca , Morganti Riccardo , Chiacchio Serena , Marciano Andrea , Zanca Roberta , Mannelli Lorenzo , Coraggio Gabriele , Sbrana Andrea , Cocuzza Paola , Montrone Sabrina , Baldaccini Davide , Gonnelli Alessandra , Molinari Alessandro , Cantarella Martina , Mazzotti Valentina , Ricci Sergio , Paiar Fabiola , Erba Paola Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
In the last years, functional imaging has given a significant contribution to the clinical decision-making of biochemically relapsed prostate cancer (PCa). Hereby, we present a prospective study aiming to validate the role of [18F]Fluoro-Methyl Choline ([18F]FMCH) PET/CT in the selection of PCa patients suitable for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Methods
Patients with biochemical recurrence limited up to three lesions revealed by [18F]FMCH PET/CT were enrolled in the present study and treated with SBRT on all active lesions. Systemic therapy-free survival since the [18F]FMCH PET/CT was considered as the primary endpoint.

Results
Forty-six patients were evaluated, and a total of 67 lesions were treated. After a median follow-up of 28.9 months, systemic therapy was started in 30 patients (65.2%) and median systemic therapy-free survival was 39.1 months (95% CI 6.5–68.6); 6, 12, and 24-month ratios were 93.5%, 73.9%, and 63.1%, respectively. At univariate Cox regression analysis, Delta PSA demonstrated an impact on systemic therapy-free survival (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Based on our findings, [18F]FMCH PET/CT can identify oligometastatic prostate cancer patients suitable for SBRT, resulting in a systemic therapy-free survival of 39.1 months.
Longitudinal multi-modal muscle-based biomarker assessment in motor neuron disease
Authors: Jenkins Thomas M. , Alix James J. P. , Fingret Jacob , Esmail Taniya , Hoggard Nigel , Baster Kathleen , McDermott Christopher J. , Wilkinson Iain D. , Shaw Pamela J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical phenotypic heterogeneity represents a major barrier to trials in motor neuron disease (MND) and objective surrogate outcome measures are required, especially for slowly progressive patients. We assessed responsiveness of clinical, electrophysiological and radiological muscle-based assessments to detect MND-related progression.Materials and methodsA prospective, longitudinal cohort study of 29 MND patients and 22 healthy controls was performed. Clinical measures, electrophysiological motor unit number index/size (MUNIX/MUSIX) and relative T2- and diffusion-weighted whole-body muscle magnetic resonance (MR) were assessed three times over 12 months. Multi-variable regression models assessed between-group differences, clinico-electrophysiological associations, and longitudinal changes. Standardized response means (SRMs) assessed sensitivity to change over 12 months.ResultsMND patients exhibited 18% higher whole-body mean muscle relative T2-signal than controls (95% CI 7–29%,p < 0.01), maximal in leg muscles (left tibialis anterior 71% (95% CI 33–122%,p < 0.01). Clinical and electrophysiological associations were evident. By 12 months, 16 patients had died or could not continue. In the remainder, relative T2-signal increased over 12 months by 14–29% in right tibialis anterior, right quadriceps, bilateral hamstrings and gastrocnemius/soleus (p < 0.01), independent of onset-site, and paralleled progressive weakness and electrophysiological loss of motor units. Highest clinical, electrophysiological and radiological SRMs were found for revised ALS-functional rating scale scores (1.22), tibialis anterior MUNIX (1.59), and relative T2-weighted leg muscle MR (right hamstrings: 0.98), respectively. Diffusion MR detected minimal changes.ConclusionMUNIX and relative T2-weighted MR represent objective surrogate markers of progressive denervation in MND. Radiological changes were maximal in leg muscles, irrespective of clinical onset-site.
Need for recovery in relation to effort from work and health in four occupations
Authors: Wentz Kerstin , Gyllensten Kristina , Sluiter Judith K. , Hagberg Mats 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine three levels of need for recovery (NFR) after work in relation to effort from work demands, demand compensatory strategies, effort-moderating or -reversing resources, and health including health behaviors. A further purpose was to examine occupational characteristics determining NFR.

Methods
5000 engineers, carpenters, nurses, and home care nurses were invited to participate. NFR k-means clusters were calculated from 1289 participants. The effect from three levels of NFR regarding demands, compensatory strategies, resources at work, health, and health behaviors was examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis. Prevalence ratios (PRs) of suboptimal health for three levels of NFR were calculated using Poisson regression. Linear stepwise multiple regression predictors explaining NFR were examined also occupation wise.

Results
NFR centroids at 5.8/33, 13.1/33, and 21.0/33 points were identified. ANOVA showed corresponding effects from NFR levels on work demands and compensatory strategies. The inversed proportion concerned levels of resources at work. Only the low NFR cluster negated regular health effects. The other two cluster groups also repeatedly worked while ill and presented PRs concerning health effects from 1.9 to 3.9 when compared to the low NFR group. Making good quality work, recovery opportunities, and thinking of work when off work were the most important predictors of NFR among 1289 participants with also occupation-wise interpretable profiles.

Conclusions
Three levels of NFR meant corresponding levels of work demands, work-demand compensatory strategies, and unfavorable health behaviors. An inversed proportion of resources related to the same levels of NFR. Low NFR meant no regular health effects which could guide limit values regarding salutary NFR. Important predictors of NFR were resources making a good quality work, recovery opportunities, and reversely effort from rumination when off work. Occupation-wise predictors could guide interventions.