bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling OCD: a test of the inflated responsibility model
Authors: Mitchell Ryan , Hanna Donncha , Dyer Kevin F. W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:The Salkovskis (1999) model of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which emphasizes the role of inflated responsibility, has proven highly influential in both the understanding and treatment of OCD.Aims:This study aimed to empirically test several core processes of this model.Method:The individual components of the model were measured using multiple indicators in a sample of undergraduate students (n= 170), and confirmatory factor analyses were used to ascertain the most reliable, valid and theoretically consistent latent variables. Structural equation modelling was used to test proposed relations between latent constructs in the model.Results:The inflated responsibility model was a good fit for the data in the present sample. As predicted by the model, misinterpretations of intrusive thoughts as indicating personal responsibility fully mediated the relationships between responsibility beliefs and counterproductive safety strategies, neutralizing actions and mood changes.Conclusions:The Salkovksis (1999) inflated responsibility model of OCD is empirically supported in the present sample of undergraduate students, lending support to the proposed mechanisms in the model and supporting prior evidence.
The food environment in Latin America: a systematic review with a focus on environments relevant to obesity and related chronic diseases
Authors: Pérez-Ferrer Carolina , Auchincloss Amy H , de Menezes Mariana Carvalho , Kroker-Lobos Maria F , Cardoso Leticia de Oliveira , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:Food environments may be contributing to the rapid increase in obesity occurring in most Latin American (LA) countries. The present study reviews literature from LA that (i) describes the food environment and policies targeting the food environment (FEP); and (ii) analytic studies that investigate associations between the FEP and dietary behaviours, overweight/obesity and obesity related chronic diseases. We focus on six dimensions of the FEP: food retail, provision, labelling, marketing, price and composition.Design:Systematic literature review. Three databases (Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS) were searched, from 1 January 1999 up to July 2017. Two authors independently selected the studies. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize, integrate and interpret findings.Setting:Studies conducted in LA countries.Participants:The search yielded 2695 articles of which eighty-four met inclusion criteria.Results:Most studies were descriptive and came from Brazil (61 %), followed by Mexico (18 %) and Guatemala (6 %). Studies were focused primarily on retail/provision (n 27), marketing (n 16) and labelling (n 15). Consistent associations between availability of fruit and vegetable markets and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables were found in cross-sectional studies. Health claims in food packaging were prevalent and mostly misleading. There was widespread use of marketing strategies for unhealthy foods aimed at children. Food prices were lower for processed relative to fresh foods. Some studies documented high sodium in industrially processed foods.Conclusions:Gaps in knowledge remain regarding policy evaluations, longitudinal food retail studies, impacts of food price on diet and effects of digital marketing on diet/health.
Global Environmental Law: Context and Theory, Challenge and Promise
Authors: Kulovesi Kati , Mehling Michael , Morgera Elisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFew issue areas exemplify the centrifugal forces that have prompted the emergence of global law scholarship better than the environment. With its propensity to blur or transcend conventional distinctions between national and international, public and private, and formal and informal, environmental governance offers a consummate case study to test the promise and perils of global law. In this article we situate global environmental law in the broader debate about lawmaking and application beyond the nation state, tracing the evolution and elusive boundaries of this nascent field. Our survey allows us to identify conceptual ambiguities and missed opportunities in the literature on global environmental law, including challenges to its normativity and legitimacy. From there, however, we proceed to outline a twofold opportunity for the global environmental law project: (i) an opportunity to enrich environmental law with more diverse and inclusive practices; and (ii) an opportunity for collaborative self-reflexivity by the scholars and practitioners of environmental law as these not only interpret and apply but, through their work, actively shape the content of the law.
Gender Composition in Contentious Collective Action: “Girl Strikers” in Gilded Age America—Harmful, Helpful, or Both?
Authors: Jacobs Anna W. , Isaac Larry W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Gilded Age was a tumultuous period for US labor and capital: the labor movement grew in size and intensity, strikes mushroomed, and women’s labor force and strike participation grew in tandem. Yet little is known about how women’s participation influenced strike efficacy. On the one hand, women may have added numerical force, militant energy for gendered solidarity and therefore contributed to strike success. On the other hand, women’s participation may have hindered the cause by delegitimizing it or by producing harmful internal factionalism. In this article, we ask:How did women’s participation in Gilded Age strikes influence strike success?We use a unique data source to test the impact of women’s participation relative to men on the success of every strike that took place in the Northeastern United States from 1881 to 1886. We find that striking gender composition ratios matter and are reflected in a nonlinear pattern: for male-dominated and female-dominated strikes, greater numbers of female strikers reduce the chances of success. However, when gender composition approaches approximate parity, the effect of female strikers enhances strike success. We suggest that in approximate proportional parity range, women were more likely to participate and also be taken more seriously by male co-workers. We supplement quantitative findings with qualitative accounts from specific strikes. Our findings have important implications for diversity in contentious collective action in general and strike success in particular.
New Developments in the PuffinPlot Paleomagnetic Data Analysis Program
Authors: Lurcock P. C. , Florindo F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPuffinPlot is a program for paleomagnetic data analysis and plotting, first released in 2012 and under continuous development since then. It is free, cross‐platform software and provides both a graphical desktop interface for interactive use and an application‐programmer interface for scripting. We present a major new release of the program, describe significant new features added since the first release, and demonstrate their application to real‐world data. New features include automatic magnetic declination realignment, relative paleointensity calculation, virtual geomagnetic pole determination, calculation of inclination‐only statistics, support for reproducible research via the export of self‐contained data bundles, and support for reading a number of popular paleomagnetic file formats. We also discuss the application of unit tests in ensuring PuffinPlot's long‐term reliability and outline directions for future development of the software.
Observations of Asymmetric Lobe Convection for Weak and Strong Tail Activity
Authors: Ohma A. , Østgaard N. , Reistad J. P. , Tenfjord P. , Laundal K. M. , Moretto Jørgensen T. , Haaland S. E. , Krcelic P. , Milan S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study we use high‐quality convection data from the Electron Drift Instrument on board Cluster to investigate how near‐Earth tail activity affects the average convection pattern in the magnetotail lobes when the interplanetary magnetic field has a dominating east‐west (By) component. Two different proxies have been used to represent different levels of reconnection in the near‐Earth tail: The value of the AL index and the substorm phases identified by the Substorm Onsets and Phases from Indices of the Electrojet algorithm. We find that the convection changes from a dominantly YGSM direction, but opposite in the two hemispheres, to a flow oriented more toward the plasma sheet, as the north‐south component of the convection increases when reconnection enhances in the near Earth tail. This result is consistent with recent observations of the convection in the ionosphere, which suggest that the nightside convection pattern becomes more north‐south symmetric when tail reconnection increases. This is also supported by simultaneous auroral observations from the two hemispheres, which shows that conjugate auroral features become more symmetric during substorm expansion phase. The reduced asymmetry implies that the asymmetric pressure balance in the lobes is altered during periods with strong reconnection in the near‐Earth tail.
A Study of Automatically Detected Flow Channels in the Polar Cap Ionosphere
Authors: Herlingshaw K. , Baddeley L. J. , Oksavik K. , Lorentzen D. A. , Bland E. C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new algorithm for detecting high‐speed flow channels in the polar cap. The algorithm was applied to Super Dual Auroral Radar Network data, specifically to data from the new Longyearbyen radar. This radar is located at 78.2°N, 16.0°E geographical coordinates looking north‐east, and is therefore at an ideal location to measure flow channels in the high‐latitude polar cap. The algorithm detected >500 events over 1 year of observations, and within this paper two case studies are considered in more detail. A flow channel on “old‐open field lines” located on the dawn flank was directly driven under quiet conditions over 13 min. This flow channel contributed to a significant fraction (60%) of the cross polar cap potential and was located on the edge of a polar cap arc. Another case study follows the development of a flow channel on newly opened field lines within the cusp. This flow channel is a spontaneously driven event forming under strong solar wind driving and is intermittently excited over the course of almost an hour. As they provide a high fraction of the cross polar cap potential, these small‐scale structures are vital for understanding the transport of magnetic flux over the polar cap.
Quantification of the Vertical Transport and Escape of Atomic Hydrogen in the Terrestrial Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Joshi P. P. , Phal Y. D. , Waldrop L. S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMeasurements of the limiting escape rate of atomic hydrogen (H) atoms at Earth and the relative significance of thermal evaporation and nonthermal escape mechanisms, such as charge exchange and polar wind, have long been lacking. Our recent development of sophisticated radiative transport analysis techniques now enables the reliable interpretation of remotely sensed measurements of optically thick H emission, such as those acquired along the Earth's limb by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) onboard the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) spacecraft, in terms of physical parameters such as exobase density and, crucially, vertical diffusive flux. In this work, we present results from a systematic investigation of H Lya emission measured by TIMED/GUVI along the Earth's dayside limb from 2002–2007, which we use to derive the vertical H flux and associated density distribution from 250 km out to 1 Earth radius. Our analysis reveals that the vertical flux of thermospheric H is nearly constant over a large range of solar activity and typically exceeds the calculated thermal evaporative flux, suggesting that terrestrial H escape is indeed limited by its vertical diffusion. The excess supply of H atoms to the exobase associated with large observed vertical fluxes requires that nonthermal escape mechanisms be operative for steady‐state continuity balance. We find that such nonthermal processes are a particularly significant component of total H escape during low solar activity, when thermal evaporation is weakest.
Coseismic Slip and Early Afterslip of the M6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa, California, Earthquake
Authors: Pollitz Fred F. , Murray Jessica R. , Minson Sarah E. , Wicks Charles W. , Svarc Jerry L. , Brooks Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe employ strong motion seismograms and static offsets from the Global Positioning System, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, and other measurements in order to derive a coseismic slip and afterslip model of the M6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake. This earthquake ruptured an ∼13‐km‐long portion of the West Napa fault with predominantly right‐lateral strike slip. In the kinematic seismic slip inversions, we couple the coseismic slip and afterslip distributions by requiring both distributions to involve right‐lateral strike slip with positive amplitude, with the net static slip being the sum of the two. We consider several candidate fault geometries: a first involving two steeply east dipping fault planes that reach Earth's surface at the western surface trace (STW), where most surface rupture was observed, a second involving a steeply west dipping plane that also reaches Earth's surface at the STW, and a third involving a combination of two variably west dipping planes constrained to pass through the locus of postseismic seismicity located ∼1 km west of the STW. The data are best fit using the model of two east dipping fault planes, with coseismic slip up to ∼1.2 m on a dominant shallow asperity about 10 km north of the hypocenter and on deeper asperities on the southern part of the rupture. Afterslip up to 1 m is concentrated along the southern part of the rupture at depths
5 km, consistent with surface observations of afterslip. Seismic moments associated with coseismic slip and afterslip are 1.13×1018 N m (Mw 6.00) and 3.64×1017 N m, respectively.
What Caused Recent Shifts in Tropical Pacific Decadal Sea‐Level Trends?
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. , Thompson Philip R. , Ponte Rui M. , Merrifield Mark A. , Hamlington Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSatellite altimetry reveals substantial decadal variability in sea level ζ across the tropical Pacific during 1993–2015. An ocean state estimate that faithfully reproduces the observations is used to elucidate the origin of these low‐frequency tropical Pacific ζ variations. Analysis of the hydrostatic equation reveals that recent decadal ζ changes in the tropical Pacific are mainly thermosteric in nature, related to changes in upper‐ocean heat content. A forcing experiment performed with the numerical model suggests that anomalous wind stress was an important driver of the relevant heat storage and thermosteric variation. Closed budget diagnostics further clarify that the wind‐stress‐related thermosteric ζ variation resulted from the joint actions of large‐scale ocean advection and local surface heat flux, such that advection controlled the budget over shorter, intraseasonal to interannual time scales, and local surface heat flux became increasingly influential at longer decadal periods. In particular, local surface heat flux was important in contributing to a recent reversal of decadal ζ trends in the tropical Pacific. Contributions from local surface heat flux partly reflect damping latent heat flux tied to wind‐stress‐driven sea‐surface‐temperature variations.
Comparing Ocean Surface Boundary Vertical Mixing Schemes Including Langmuir Turbulence
Authors: Li Qing , Reichl Brandon G. , Fox‐Kemper Baylor , Adcroft Alistair J. , Belcher Stephen E. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Grant Alan L. M. , Griffies Stephen M. , Hallberg Robert , Hara Tetsu , Harcourt Ramsey R. , Kukulka Tobias , Large William G. , McWilliams James C. , Pearson Brodie , Sullivan Peter P. , Van Roekel Luke , Wang Peng , Zheng Zhihua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSix recent Langmuir turbulence parameterization schemes and five traditional schemes are implemented in a common single‐column modeling framework and consistently compared. These schemes are tested in scenarios versus matched large eddy simulations, across the globe with realistic forcing (JRA55‐do, WAVEWATCH‐III simulated waves) and initial conditions (Argo), and under realistic conditions as observed at ocean moorings. Traditional non‐Langmuir schemes systematically underpredict large eddy simulation vertical mixing under weak convective forcing, while Langmuir schemes vary in accuracy. Under global, realistic forcing Langmuir schemes produce 6% (−1% to 14% for 90% confidence) or 5.2 m (−0.2 m to 17.4 m for 90% confidence) deeper monthly mean mixed layer depths than their non‐Langmuir counterparts, with the greatest differences in extratropical regions, especially the Southern Ocean in austral summer. Discrepancies among Langmuir schemes are large (15% in mixed layer depth standard deviation over the mean): largest under wave‐driven turbulence with stabilizing buoyancy forcing, next largest under strongly wave‐driven conditions with weak buoyancy forcing, and agreeing during strong convective forcing. Non‐Langmuir schemes disagree with each other to a lesser extent, with a similar ordering. Langmuir discrepancies obscure a cross‐scheme estimate of the Langmuir effect magnitude under realistic forcing, highlighting limited understanding and numerical deficiencies. Maps of the regions and seasons where the greatest discrepancies occur are provided to guide further studies and observations.
Mesospheric Wind Estimation With the Jicamarca MST Radar Using Spectral Mainlobe Identification
Authors: Lee Kiwook , Kudeki Erhan , Reyes Pablo M. , Lehmacher Gerald A. , Milla Marco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMST (mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere) radar observations at Jicamarca use four antenna beams, one vertical, others tilted to the east, west, and south, to detect the scattered pulse returns from mesospheric heights (∼55–85 km). Doppler shifts of scattered returns, estimated by fitting the observed signal spectra by generalized Gaussian‐shaped models, are used to estimate mesospheric wind vectors. At some heights two spectral peaks are seen in which case a dual‐peaked model is fitted the spectrum. Dual peaks are more common for returns from the east and west tilted beams with stronger sidelobes. When sidelobe‐caused peaks are dominant and are mistaken for mainlobe peaks, wind errors occur since the estimation algorithm uses the pointing angle of the mainbeam. To avoid such errors we implemented a clustering‐based machine learning procedure to identify and use only the mainbeam components of dual‐peaked spectra. Wind estimates made before and after the procedure will be presented to assess the improvements achieved by this new method to be used routinely in Jicamarca mesospheric wind measurements and applied to past MST data.
The subgingival microbiome associated with periodontitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shi Baochen , Lux Renate , Klokkevold Perry , Chang Michaela , Barnard Emma , Haake Susan , Li Huiying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic disease, predisposing patients to other inflammatory conditions including periodontitis. The subgingival microbiome, a key player in periodontitis pathogenesis, is not well characterized in T2DM population. To better understand whether the subgingival microbiome is different between T2DM and systemically healthy, nondiabetic (ND) subjects, we performed a longitudinal analysis of the subgingival microbiome in T2DM patients (n = 15) compared with ND subjects (n = 16). Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we investigated the microbiome in the healthy periodontal state, periodontitis state, and resolved state after treatment. We found that in the periodontitis state, the shift in the subgingival microbiome from the healthy state was less prominent in T2DM compared with ND subjects, yet the clinical signs of disease were similar for both. Furthermore, we revealed highly correlated presence of pathogenic species in relative abundance not only in the periodontitis state, but also in the healthy state in T2DM, suggesting an elevated risk of progression to periodontitis in this cohort. We further investigated the functional potentials of the subgingival microbiome and identified a set of microbial marker genes associated with the clinical states. These genes were significantly enriched in 21 pathways, some of which are associated with periodontitis and some potentially link T2DM and periodontitis. This study identified the longitudinal changes of the subgingival microbiome associated with periodontitis in T2DM and suggests that T2DM patients are more susceptible to shifts in the subgingival microbiome toward dysbiosis, potentially due to impaired host metabolic and immune regulation.
Treatment patterns and survival in HER2-positive early breast cancer: a whole-of-population Australian cohort study (2007–2016)
Authors: Tang Monica , Schaffer Andrea , Kiely Belinda E. , Daniels Benjamin , Simes Robert J. , Lee Chee K. , Pearson Sallie-Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) demonstrate that trastuzumab improves survival in patients with human epidermal growth factor 2-positive early breast cancer (HER2 + EBC), but real-world patients and clinical practice often differ from RCTs. We examine real-world treatment patterns and outcomes associated with trastuzumab for HER2 + EBC.

Methods
We identified all Australians dispensed trastuzumab for HER2 + EBC between 1/1/2007 and 30/6/2016. We estimated the proportion of patients completing 12 months of treatment (defined as ≥350 days of exposure within 540 days of initiation). We estimated overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) by using trastuzumab dispensing for metastatic breast cancer as a surrogate for recurrence.

Results
Our study included 14,644 patients. Among patients with ≥540 days of follow-up (n = 11,903), 67.4% completed 12 months of trastuzumab. OS rates at 5 and 9 years were 92.7 and 87.9%, and RFS rates at 5 and 9 years were 86.8 and 81.4%, respectively. Patients who completed 12 months of trastuzumab had a 9-year OS rate of 90.2% compared with 86.2% among patients receiving <12 months of therapy (adjusted HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62–0.81).

Conclusions
Real-world HER2 + EBC patients are less likely to complete 12 months of trastuzumab than some clinical trial counterparts but have survival outcomes comparable to those reported in landmark RCTs.
Phase separation of Polo-like kinase 4 by autoactivation and clustering drives centriole biogenesis
Authors: Park Jung-Eun , Zhang Liang , Bang Jeong Kyu , Andresson Thorkell , DiMaio Frank , Lee Kyung S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTight control of centriole duplication is critical for normal chromosome segregation and the maintenance of genomic stability. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a key regulator of centriole biogenesis. How Plk4 dynamically promotes its symmetry-breaking relocalization and achieves its procentriole-assembly state remains unknown. Here we show that Plk4 is a unique kinase that utilizes its autophosphorylated noncatalytic cryptic polo-box (CPB) to phase separate and generate a nanoscale spherical condensate. Analyses of the crystal structure of a phospho-mimicking, condensation-proficient CPB mutant reveal that a disordered loop at the CPB PB2-tip region is critically required for Plk4 to generate condensates and induce procentriole assembly. CPB phosphorylation also promotes Plk4’s dissociation from the Cep152 tether while binding to downstream STIL, thus allowing Plk4 condensate to serve as an assembling body for centriole biogenesis. This study uncovers the mechanism underlying Plk4 activation and may offer strategies for anti-Plk4 intervention against genomic instability and cancer.