bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of injection techniques for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gul Murat , Hildorf Simone , Dong Lihua , Thorup Jorgen , Hoffmann Eva R , Jensen Christian Fuglesang S , Sønksen Jens , Cortes Dina , Fedder Jens , Andersen Claus Yding , Goossens Ellen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the prognosis of childhood cancer survivors has increased dramatically during recent years, chemotherapy and radiation treatments for cancer and other conditions may lead to permanent infertility in prepubertal boys. Recent developments have shown that spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation may be a hope for restoring fertility in adult survivors of childhood cancers. For this reason, several centres around the world are collecting and cryopreserving testicular tissue or cells anticipating that, in the near future, some patients will return for SSC transplantation. This review summarizes the current knowledge and utility of SSC transplantation techniques.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEThe aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the currently used experimental injection techniques for SSC transplantation in animal and human testes. This is crucial in understanding and determining the role of the different techniques necessary for successful transplantation.SEARCH METHODSA comprehensive review of peer-reviewed publications on this topic was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The search was limited to English language work and studies between 1994 (from the first study on SSC transplantation) and April 2019. Key search terms included mouse, rat, boar, ram, dog, sheep, goat, cattle, monkey, human, cadaver, testes, SSC transplantation, injection and technique.OUTCOMESThis review provides an extensive clinical overview of the current research in the field of human SSC transplantation. Rete testis injection with ultrasonography guidance currently seems the most promising injection technique thus far; however, the ability to draw clear conclusions is limited due to long ischemia time of cadaver testis, the relatively decreased volume of the testis, the diminishing size of seminiferous tubules, a lack of intratesticular pressure and leakage into the interstitium during the injection on human cadaver testis. Current evidence does not support improved outcomes from multiple infusions through the rete testes. Overall, further optimization is required to increase the efficiency and safety of the infusion method.WIDER IMPLICATIONSIdentifying a favourable injection method for SSC transplantation will provide insight into the mechanisms of successful assisted human reproduction. Future research could focus on reducing leakage and establishing the optimal infusion cell concentrations and pressure.
Frailty Is Associated With Mortality and Incident Comorbidity Among Middle-Aged Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Participants
Authors: Verheij Eveline , Kirk Gregory D , Wit Ferdinand W , van Zoest Rosan A , Verboeket Sebastiaan O , Lemkes Bregtje A , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , Reiss Peter ,   for the AGEhIV Cohort
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Frailty is associated with mortality and morbidity in the general geriatric population, but less is known about its impact among the aging but generally younger population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Methods
The impact of frailty on all-cause mortality during 6 years of follow-up and incident comorbidity during 4 years of follow-up was assessed among 598 HIV-positive and 550 comparable HIV-negative participants aged ≥ 45 years of the AGEhIV Cohort Study. Frailty encompasses 5 domains; weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, decreased grip strength, and slow gait speed. Presence of ≥ 3 denotes frailty, 1–2 prefrailty, and 0 robust. Multivariable Cox and logistic regression models were used to assess the independent relationships of frailty with both outcomes, adjusting for HIV infection and traditional risk factors.

Results
At baseline, 7.5% (n = 86) of participants were frail. During follow-up, 38 participants died. Mortality rate was significantly higher among frail participants: 25.7/1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.2–46.4) compared with prefrail (7.2/1000 PYFU [95% CI, 4.7–11.2]) and robust (2.3/1000 PYFU [95% CI, 1.1–4.9]). In fully adjusted analyses, frailty remained strongly associated with death (hazard ratio, 4.6 [95% CI, 1.7–12.5]) and incident comorbidity (odds ratio, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1–3.1]). No interactions were observed between frailty and HIV status in all analyses.

Conclusions
Frailty is a strong predictor of both mortality and incident comorbidity independent from other risk factors.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01466582.
Clinical importance of the expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Nishida Kentaro , Kawashima Atsunari , Kanazawa Takayuki , Kidani Yujiro , Yoshida Tetsuya , Hirata Michinari , Yamamoto Kei , Yamamoto Yoko , Sawada Masaaki , Kato Ryo , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Ujike Takeshi , Fujita Kazutoshi , Uemura Motohide , Morimoto-Okazawa Akiko , Iwahori Kota , Yamasaki Makoto , Ohkura Naganari , Sakaguchi Shimon , Nonomura Norio , Doki Yuichiro , Wada Hisashi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
CD4+CD8+ T cells are expressed in some cancer patients including those with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, no reports have mentioned the clinical importance of this expression. We evaluated the expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells in patients with various cancer types to clarify clinical characteristics and prognostic importance significantly correlating with these T cells.

Methods
Expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells was evaluated using flowcytometry in tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes extracted from 260 cancer tissues including 104 RCC samples. RNA sequencing and characterization and regression (Citrus) was used to determine characteristics. The prognostic importance of CD4+CD8+ T cells was evaluated by Cox regression analysis.

Results
Among eight cancer types, expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells was significantly highest in RCC patients. According to the expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells in adjacent normal tissue-infiltrating lymphocytes, 24 patients (23.1%) were defined as being positive for CD4+CD8+ with an expression higher than 9.29% in RCC patients. Citrus showed CD8+PD-1+TIM-3+CD103− T cells to be a specific subpopulation of CD4+CD8+ T cells. RNA sequencing revealed that CD4+CD8+ T cells had significantly lower diversity than the other T cells and shared most T-cell receptor clones with CD8+ not CD4+ T cells. Expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells was identified as an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio: 0.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.86, P = 0.035) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
The expression of CD4+CD8+ T cells was significantly up-regulated in RCC patients and correlated significantly with prognostic importance in surgically treated RCC patients.
The impact of transitioning from availability of outside records within electronic health records to integration of local and outside records within electronic health records
Authors: Adler-Milstein Julia , Wang Michael D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
While there has been a substantial increase in health information exchange, levels of outside records use by frontline providers are low. We assessed whether integration between outside data and local data results in increased viewing of outside records, overall and by encounter, provider, and patient type.

Materials and Methods
Using data from UCSF Health, we measured change in outside record views after integrating the list of local (UCSF) and outside (other health systems on Epic [Epic Systems, Verona, WI]) encounters on the Chart Review tab. Previously, providers only viewed records from outside encounters on a separate tab. We used an interrupted time series design (with outside record viewing event counts aggregated to the week level) to measure changes in the level and trend over a 1-year period.

Results
There was a large increase in the level of outside record views of 22 920 per week (P &lt; .001). The change in trend went from a weekly increase of 116 (P &lt; .05) to a decrease of 402 (P = .08), reflecting a small effect decay. There were increases in the level of views for all provider and encounter types: attendings (n = 3675), residents (n = 3277), and nurses (n = 914); and inpatient (n = 1676), emergency (n = 487), and outpatient (n = 7228) (P &lt; .001 for all). Results persisted when adjusted for total encounter volume.

Discussion
While outside records were readily available before the encounter integration, the simple step of clicking on a separate tab appears to have depressed use.

Conclusions
User interface designs that comingle local and outside data result in higher levels of viewing and should be more broadly pursued.
Judicial Witness Assessments at the ICTY, ICTR and ICC
Authors: Chlevickaitė Gabrielė , Holá Barbora , Bijleveld Catrien 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Accurate assessment of witness testimonies underpins judicial fact-finding at international criminal courts and tribunals (ICCTs). However, the lack of formal assessment criteria and uncoordinated methods, coupled with advances in the scientific understanding of the psychology of witnessing, calls for a re-examination of the judicial practice. This study critically evaluates the state of the art of witness assessments at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and the International Criminal Court (ICC), based on all the trial judgments issued in 1996–2019. The analysis results in a consolidation of this ad hoc, constantly evolving jurisprudence, into a framework that has been in development since the 1990s. The authors reflect upon the scientific validity of the criteria used throughout the analysis, based on up-to-date findings from psychology and criminology, and identify the areas that would most benefit from standardized procedures.
Usefulness of surgical treatment for asymptomatic patients with extra-peritoneal desmoid-type fibromatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kito Munehisa , Ogose Akira , Yoshida Masahiro , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this systematic review is to assess and compare the efficacy of surgical treatment for patients with asymptomatic extra-peritoneal desmoid-type fibromatosis to the wait-and-see policy by evaluating (1) the exacerbation rate (exacerbation; recurrence after surgery or progressive disease following non-surgical treatment) and (2) treatment-associated complications in extra-peritoneal desmoid-type fibromatosis.

Methods
We evaluated documents published between 1 January 1990 and 31 August 2017. The risk of bias in the selected literature was analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Quality of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Results
One prospective cohort study, four case–control studies and five case series studies were identified. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the exacerbation rate after treatment on one prospective cohort study and four case–control studies. In comparing surgical and non-surgical treatments, the exacerbation rate was significantly higher in the surgical treatment group (odds ratio: 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.73, P = 0.05). However, in the case series study, the recurrence rate was 23.4% for the surgical treatment group, while the progressive disease rate was 28.1% for the non-surgical treatment group. The postoperative complication rates associated with surgical treatment in the two studies were 20.8 and 17.2%, respectively.

Conclusions
When considering the exacerbation rate, non-surgical treatment might be appropriate for asymptomatic patients with extra-peritoneal desmoid-type fibromatosis. However, if patients with tumor-related symptoms opt for surgery, including those who face difficulties due to the presence of tumors, it is important to fully explain to them the possibility that the recurrence rate and treatment-associated functional failures may increase depending on the site of occurrence.
State-dependent foraging by caribou with different nutritional requirements
Authors: Denryter Kristin , Cook Rachel C , Cook John G , Parker Katherine L , Gillingham Michael P 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForaging by animals is hypothesized to be state-dependent, that is, varying with physiological condition of individuals. State often is defined by energy reserves, but state also can reflect differences in nutritional requirements (e.g., for reproduction, lactation, growth, etc.). Testing hypotheses about state-dependent foraging in ungulates is difficult because fine-scale data needed to evaluate these hypotheses generally are lacking. To evaluate whether foraging by caribou (Rangifer tarandus) was state-dependent, we compared bite and intake rates, travel rates, dietary quality, forage selection, daily foraging time, and foraging strategies of caribou with three levels of nutritional requirements (lactating adults, nonlactating adults, subadults 1–2 years old). Only daily foraging times and daily nutrient intakes differed among nutritional classes of caribou. Lactating caribou foraged longer per day than nonlactating caribou—a difference that was greatest at the highest rates of intake, but which persisted even when intake was below requirements. Further, at sites where caribou achieved high rates of intake, caribou in each nutritional class continued foraging even after satisfying daily nutritional requirements, which was consistent with a foraging strategy to maximize energy intake. Foraging time by caribou was partially state-dependent, highlighting the importance of accounting for physiological state in studies of animal behavior. Fine-scale foraging behaviors may influence larger-scale behavioral strategies, with potential implications for conservation and management.
Issues in Interpreting Epidemiologic Studies of Populations Exposed to Low-Dose, High-Energy Photon Radiation
Authors: Gilbert Ethel S , Little Mark P , Preston Dale L , Stram Daniel O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article addresses issues relevant to interpreting findings from 26 epidemiologic studies of persons exposed to low-dose radiation. We review the extensive data from both epidemiologic studies of persons exposed at moderate or high doses and from radiobiology that together have firmly established radiation as carcinogenic. We then discuss the use of the linear relative risk model that has been used to describe data from both low- and moderate- or high-dose studies. We consider the effects of dose measurement errors; these can reduce statistical power and lead to underestimation of risks but are very unlikely to bring about a spurious dose response. We estimate statistical power for the low-dose studies under the assumption that true risks of radiation-related cancers are those expected from studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Finally, we discuss the interpretation of confidence intervals and statistical tests and the applicability of the Bradford Hill principles for a causal relationship.
Slaves and Slave Trade in the Timor Area: Between Indigenous Structures and External Impact
Authors: Hägerdal Hans 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study rethinks the patterns of slave-holding and slave trade that can be discerned in small-scale societies in the Timor region of the Indonesian archipelago, especially Timor, the Solor and Alor Islands, Rote, and Savu. It studies how European powers—the Dutch and the Portuguese—influenced the trade in enslaved human beings and how this was balanced by slaving conducted by Asian forces. The study is based in large part on archival sources from the VOC period, together with published Portuguese sources. Data on these issues provides some basis for comparisons with other, better documented cases of slavery and slaving in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. This contributes to an understanding of how local systems of slavery interacted with the transregional systems represented by external groups.
Sample Bias Related to Household Role
Authors: Hitczenko Marcin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article develops a two-stage statistical analysis to identify and assess the effect of a sample bias associated with an individual’s household role. Survey responses to questions about the respondent’s role in household finances and a sampling design in which some households have all members take the survey enable the estimation of distributions for each individual’s share of household responsibility. The methodology is applied to the 2017 Survey of Consumer Payment Choice. The distribution of responsibility shares among survey respondents suggests that the sampling procedure favors household members with higher levels of responsibility. A bootstrap analysis reveals that population mean estimates of monthly payment instrument use that do not account for this type of sample misrepresentation are likely biased for instruments often used to make household purchases. For checks and electronic payments, our analysis suggests that it is likely that unadjusted estimates overstate true values by 10–20 percent.
Hydrolysis of abscisic acid glucose ester occurs locally and quickly in response to dehydration
Authors: Hussain Saad , Brookbank Benjamin Paul , Nambara Eiji 
Published: January 2020

This article comments on:Han Y, Watanabe S, Shimada H, Sakamoto A. 2020. Dynamics of the leaf endoplasmic reticulum modulate β-glucosidase-mediated stress-activated ABA production from its glucosyl ester. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 2058–2071.
Candidemia Candida albicans clusters have higher tendency to form biofilms than singleton genotypes†
Authors: Díaz-García Judith , Arendrup Maiken C , Cantón Rafael , García-Rodríguez Julio , Gómez Ana , Gómez Elia , Orden Beatriz , Parisi Gabriella , Pemán Javier , Posteraro Brunella , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Da Matta Daniel Archimedes , Colombo Arnaldo L , Muñoz Patricia , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Guinea Jesús , Escribano Pilar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The capacity of Candida spp. to form biofilms allows them to attach either to living or inert surfaces, promoting their persistence in hospital environments. In a previous study, we reported strain-to-strain variations in Candida spp. biofilm development, suggesting that some genotypes may be greater biofilm formers than others. In this study, we hypothesize that isolates pertaining to clusters may be found more frequently in the environment due to their ability to form biofilms compared to singleton genotypes. Two hundred and thirty-nine Candida spp. isolates (78 clusters) from candidemia patients admitted to 16 hospitals located in different cities and countries—and the same number of singleton genotypes used as controls—were tested in terms of biofilm formation using the crystal violet and the XTT reduction assays. Candida albicans clusters showed higher biofilm formation in comparison to singleton genotypes (P &lt; .01). The biofilms formed by intra-hospital C. albicans clusters showed higher metabolic activity (P &lt; .05). Furthermore, marked variability was found among species and type of cluster. We observed that the higher the number of isolates, the higher the variability of biofilm production by isolates within the cluster, suggesting that the production of biofilm by isolates of the same genotype is quite diverse and does not depend on the type of cluster studied. In conclusion, candidemia Candida spp. clusters—particularly in the case of C. albicans—show significantly more biomass production and metabolic activity than singleton genotypes.
Arm–interarm gas abundance variations explored with MUSE: the role of spiral structure in the chemical enrichment of galaxies
Authors: Sánchez-Menguiano Laura , Sánchez Sebastián F , Pérez Isabel , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Galbany Lluís , Anderson Joseph P , Kuncarayakti Hanindyo 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Spiral arms are the most characteristic features of disc galaxies, easily distinguishable due to their association with ongoing star formation. However, the role of spiral structure in the chemical evolution of galaxies is unclear. Here, we explore gas-phase abundance variations between arm and interarm regions for a sample of 45 spiral galaxies using high spatial resolution VLT/MUSE integral field spectroscopy data. We report the presence of more metal-rich $\rm{H \, \small{II}}$ regions in the spiral arms with respect to the corresponding interarm regions for a large subsample of galaxies ($45\!-\!65{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ depending on the adopted calibrator for the abundance derivation). A small percentage of the sample is observed to display the opposite trend, i.e. more metal-poor $\rm{H \, \small{II}}$ regions in the spiral arms compared to that of the interarms ($5\!-\!20{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ depending on the calibrator). We investigate the dependence of the variations with three galaxy properties: the stellar mass, the presence of bars, and the flocculent/grand design appearance of spiral arms. In all cases, we observe that the arm–interarm abundance differences are larger (positive) in more massive and grand-design galaxies. This is confirmed by an analogous spaxel-wise analysis, which also shows a noticeable effect of the presence of galactic bars, with barred systems presenting larger (positive) arm–interarm abundance variations than unbarred systems. The comparison of our results with new predictions from theoretical models exploring the nature of the spirals would highly impact on our knowledge on how these structures form and affect their host galaxies.
Magnetorotational core collapse of possible GRB progenitors – I. Explosion mechanisms
Authors: Obergaulinger M , Aloy M Á 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the explosion of stars with zero-age main-sequence masses between 20 and 35 M⊙ and varying degrees of rotation and magnetic fields including ones commonly considered progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The simulations, combining special relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, a general relativistic approximate gravitational potential, and two-moment neutrino transport, demonstrate the viability of different scenarios for the post-bounce evolution. Having formed a highly massive proto-neutron star (PNS), several models launch successful explosions, either by the standard supernova mechanism based on neutrino heating and hydrodynamic instabilities or by magnetorotational processes. It is, however, quite common for the PNS to collapse to a black hole (BH) within a few seconds. Others might produce proto-magnetar-driven explosions. We explore several ways to describe the different explosion mechanisms. The competition between the time-scales for advection of gas through the gain layer and heating by neutrinos provides an approximate explanation for models with insignificant magnetic fields. The fidelity of this explosion criterion in the case of rapid rotation can be improved by accounting for the strong deviations from spherical symmetry and mixing between pole and equator. We furthermore study an alternative description including the ram pressure of the gas falling through the shock. Magnetically driven explosions tend to arise from a strongly magnetized region around the polar axis. In these cases, the onset of the explosion corresponds to the equality between the advection time-scale and the time-scale for the propagation of Alfvén waves through the gain layer.