bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trehalose alleviates the phenotype of Machado–Joseph disease mouse models
Authors: Santana Magda M. , Paixão Susana , Cunha-Santos Janete , Silva Teresa Pereira , Trevino-Garcia Allyson , Gaspar Laetitia S. , Nóbrega Clévio , Nobre Rui Jorge , Cavadas Cláudia , Greif Hagar , Pereira de Almeida Luís 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, is the most common of the dominantly inherited ataxias worldwide and is characterized by mutant ataxin-3 aggregation and neuronal degeneration. There is no treatment available to block or delay disease progression. In this work we investigated whether trehalose, a natural occurring disaccharide widely used in food and cosmetic industry, would rescue biochemical, behavioral and neuropathological features of an in vitro and of a severe MJD transgenic mouse model.

Methods
Two MJD animal models, a lentiviral based and a transgenic model, were orally treated with 2% trehalose solution for a period of 4 and 30 weeks, respectively. Motor behavior (rotarod, grip strength and footprint patterns) was evaluated at different time points and neuropathological features were evaluated upon in-life phase termination.

Results
Trehalose-treated MJD mice equilibrated for a longer time in the rotarod apparatus and exhibited an improvement of ataxic gait in footprint analysis. Trehalose-mediated improvements in motor behaviour were associated with a reduction of the MJD-associated neuropathology, as MJD transgenic mice treated with trehalose presented preservation of cerebellar layers thickness and a decrease in the size of ataxin-3 aggregates in Purkinje cells. In agreement, an improvement of neuropathological features was also observed in the full length lentiviral-based mouse model of MJD submitted to 2% trehalose treatment.

Conclusions
The present study suggests trehalose as a safety pharmacological strategy to counteract MJD-associated behavioural and neuropathological impairments.
Design of a lightweight passive orthosis for tremor suppression
Authors: Fromme Nicolas Philip , Camenzind Martin , Riener Robert , Rossi René M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Tremor is the most common movement disorder with the highest prevalence in the upper limbs. The mechanical suppression of involuntary movements is an alternative and additional treatment to medication or surgery. Here we present a new, soft, lightweight, task asjustable and passive orthosis for tremor suppression.

Methods
A new concept of a manual, textile-based, passive orthosis was designed with an integrated, task adjustable, air-filled structure, which can easily be inflated or deflated on-demand for a certain daily activity. The air-filled structure is placed on the dorsal side of the wrist and gets bent and compressed by movements when inflated. In a constant volume air-filled structure, air pressure increases while it is inflating, creating a counterforce to the compression caused by bending. We characterised the air-filled structure stiffness by measuring the reaction torque as a function of the angle of deflection on a test bench. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of the developed passive soft orthosis by analysing the suppression of involuntary movements in the wrist of a tremor-affected patient during different activities of daily living (i.e. by calculating the power spectral densities of acceleration).

Results
By putting special emphasis on the comfort and wearability of the orthosis, we achieved a lightweight design (33 g). The measurements of the angular deflection and resulting reaction torques show non-linear, hysteretic, behaviour, as well as linear behaviour with a coefficient of determination (R2) between 0.95 and 0.99. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the soft orthosis significantly reduces tremor power for daily living activities, such as drinking from a cup, pouring water and drawing a spiral, by 74 to 82% (p = 0.03); confirmed by subjective tremor-reducing perception by the patient.

Conclusion
The orthosis we developed is a lightweight and unobtrusive assistive technology, which suppresses involuntary movements and shows high wearability properties, with the potential to be comfortable. This air-structure technology could also be applied to other movement disorders, like spasticity, or even be integrated into future exoskeletons and exosuits for the implementation of variable stiffness in the systems.
Breast cancer bone metastases are attenuated in a Tgif1-deficient bone microenvironment
Authors: Haider Marie-Therese , Saito Hiroaki , Zarrer Jennifer , Uzhunnumpuram Kevin , Nagarajan Sankari , Kari Vijayalakshmi , Horn-Glander Michael , Werner Stefan , Hesse Eric , Taipaleenmäki Hanna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteoclast activation is a hallmark of breast cancer-induced bone disease while little is known about the role of osteoblasts in this process. Recently, we identified the homeodomain protein TG-interacting factor-1 (Tgif1) as a crucial regulator of osteoblast function. In this study, we demonstrate that lack of Tgif1 also restricts the progression of breast cancer bone metastases.

Methods
Transwell migration assays were used to investigate the osteoblast-breast cancer cell interaction in vitro. Molecular analyses included RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, and qRT-PCR. To determine the role of Tgif1 in metastatic bone disease, 4T1 breast cancer cells were injected intracardially into mice with a germ line deletion of Tgif1 (Tgif1−/−) or control littermates (Tgif1+/+). Progression of bone metastases and alterations in the bone microenvironment were assessed using bioluminescence imaging, immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, and histomorphometry.

Results
Medium conditioned by osteoblasts stimulated breast cancer cell migration, indicating a potential role of osteoblasts during bone metastasis progression. Tgif1 expression was strongly increased in osteoblasts upon stimulation by breast cancer cells, demonstrating the implication of Tgif1 in the osteoblast-breast cancer cell interaction. Indeed, conditioned medium from osteoblasts of Tgif1−/− mice failed to induce breast cancer cell migration compared to control, suggesting that Tgif1 in osteoblasts augments cancer cell motility. Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E), which is abundantly secreted by Tgif1−/− osteoblasts, dose-dependently reduced breast cancer cell migration while silencing of Sema3E expression in Tgif1−/− osteoblasts partially restored the impaired migration. In vivo, we observed a decreased number of breast cancer bone metastases in Tgif1−/− mice compared to control littermates. Consistently, the presence of single breast cancer cells or micro-metastases in the tibiae was reduced in Tgif1−/− mice. Breast cancer cells localized in close proximity to Endomucin-positive vascular cells as well as to osteoblasts. Although Tgif1 deficiency did not affect the bone marrow vasculature, the number and activity of osteoblasts were reduced compared to control. This suggests that the protective effect on bone metastases might be mediated by osteoblasts rather than by the bone marrow vasculature.

Conclusion
We propose that the lack of Tgif1 in osteoblasts increases Sema3E expression and attenuates breast cancer cell migration as well as metastases formation.
Plasma biomarkers of small intestine adaptations in obesity-related metabolic alterations
Authors: Lalande Catherine , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe , Tremblay André J. , Couture Patrick , Veilleux Alain 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence suggests that pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with morphologic and metabolic alterations in the small intestinal mucosa. Exploring these alterations generally requires invasive methods, limiting data acquisition to subjects with enteropathies or undergoing bariatric surgery. We aimed to evaluate small intestine epithelial cell homeostasis in a cohort of men covering a wide range of adiposity and glucose homoeostasis statuses.

Methods
Plasma levels of citrulline, a biomarker of enterocyte mass, and I-FABP, a biomarker of enterocyte death, were measured by UHPLC‑MS and ELISA in 154 nondiabetic men and 67 men with a T2D diagnosis.

Results
Plasma citrulline was significantly reduced in men with insulin resistance and T2D compared to insulin sensitive men. Decreased citrulline levels were, however, not observed in men with uncontrolled metabolic parameters during T2D. Plasma I-FABP was significantly higher in men with T2D, especially in presence of uncontrolled glycemic and lipid profile parameters. Integration of both parameters, which estimate enterocyte turnover, was associated with glucose homeostasis as well as with T2D diagnosis. Differences in biomarkers levels were independent of age and BMI and glucose filtration rates.

Conclusions
Our study supports a decreased functional enterocyte mass and an increased enterocyte death rate in presence of metabolic alterations but emphasizes that epithelial cell homeostasis is especially altered in presence of severe insulin resistance and T2D. The marked changes in small intestine cellularity observed in obesity and diabetes are thus suggested to be part of gut dysfunctions, mainly at an advanced stage of the disease.
MicroRNA profiling of mouse cortical progenitors and neurons reveals miR-486-5p as a regulator of neurogenesis
Authors: Dori Martina , Cavalli Daniel , Lesche Mathias , Massalini Simone , Alieh Leila Haj Abdullah , de Toledo Beatriz Cardoso , Khudayberdiev Sharof , Schratt Gerhard , Dahl Andreas , Calegari Federico 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (∼22 nt) single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Over recent years, many studies have extensively characterized the involvement of miRNA-mediated regulation in neurogenesis and brain development. However, a comprehensive catalog of cortical miRNAs expressed in a cell-specific manner in progenitor types of the developing mammalian cortex is still missing. Overcoming this limitation, here we exploited a double reporter mouse line previously validated by our group to allow the identification of the transcriptional signature of neurogenic commitment and provide the field with the complete atlas of miRNA expression in proliferating neural stem cells, neurogenic progenitors and newborn neurons during corticogenesis. By extending the currently known list of miRNAs expressed in the mouse brain by over twofold, our study highlights the power of cell type-specific analyses for the detection of transcripts that would otherwise be diluted out when studying bulk tissues. We further exploited our data by predicting putative miRNAs and validated the power of our approach by providing evidence for the involvement of miR-486 in brain development.
Electronic data capture for large scale typhoid surveillance, household contact tracing, and health utilisation survey: Strategic Typhoid Alliance across Africa and Asia
Authors: Thindwa Deus , Farooq Yama G. , Shakya Mila , Saha Nirod , Tonks Susan , Anokwa Yaw , Gordon Melita A. , Hartung Carl , Meiring James E. , Pollard Andrew J. , Heyderman Robert S. ,   The Strategic Typhoid alliance across Africa and Asia consortium
Published: April 2020

Electronic data capture systems (EDCs) have the potential to achieve efficiency and quality in collection of multisite data. We quantify the volume, time, accuracy and costs of an EDC using large-scale census data from the STRATAA consortium, a comprehensive programme assessing population dynamics and epidemiology of typhoid fever in Malawi, Nepal and Bangladesh to inform vaccine and public health interventions. A census form was developed through a structured iterative process and implemented using Open Data Kit Collect running on Android-based tablets. Data were uploaded to Open Data Kit Aggregate, then auto-synced to MySQL-defined database nightly. Data were backed-up daily from three sites centrally, and auto-reported weekly. Pre-census materials’ costs were estimated. Demographics of 308,348 individuals from 80,851 households were recorded within an average of 14.7 weeks range (13-16) using 65 fieldworkers. Overall, 21.7 errors (95% confidence interval: 21.4, 22.0) per 10,000 data points were found: 13.0 (95% confidence interval: 12.6, 13.5) and 24.5 (95% confidence interval: 24.1, 24.9) errors on numeric and text fields respectively. These values meet standard quality threshold of 50 errors per 10,000 data points. The EDC’s total variable cost was estimated at US$13,791.82 per site. In conclusion, the EDC is robust, allowing for timely and high-volume accurate data collection, and could be adopted in similar epidemiological settings.
ENSINO, APRENDIZAGEM E ARTE: RASTREAMENTOS DE UM ARQUIVO
Authors: Camargo Jeferson , Cavalheiro Bruno Mallmann , Munhoz Angelica Vier 
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo resulta de uma investigação realizada por bolsistas de iniciação científica (PIBIC/CNPq), do Grupo de Pesquisa Currículo, Espaço, Movimento (CEM/Univates). O propósito foi mapear, arquivar e dar visibilidade à produção engendrada pela pesquisa, no período de 2013-2018, de modo a compreender os seus movimentos e articulações com o campo empírico. Para tal feito, operou-se com a noção de arquivo, a partir de Foucault (2008) e Derrida (2001), entre outros. Tomaram-se como descritores as palavras ensino, aprendizagem e arte, tendo em vista que essas noções percorreram os estudos e investigações do Grupo. Os procedimentos de arquivamento e arquivização foram considerados a partir de Aquino & Val (2018), com o objetivo de organizar os achados, ao mesmo tempo em que se revitalizam os materiais encontrados. Por fim, analisar tal arquivo não implicou interpretação de resultados conclusivos, mas oscilações, modulações que remetem a novas visibilidades.
Meta-analysis of risk factors for CCLNM in patients with unilateral cN0 PTC
Authors: Sun Wei , Zheng Boyuan , Wang Zhihong , Dong Wenwu , Qin Yuan , Zhang Hao 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Background
In patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with clinical negative central lymph nodes (cN0), the use of prophylactic central lymph node dissection remains controversial. Contralateral central lymph node metastasis (CCLNM) occurs in 3.88–30.63% of patients with cN0 PTC. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed to obtain evidence for CCLNM risk factors in unilateral cN0 PTC.

Materials and methods
Relevant studies were identified in the PubMed, SCIE, and Wanfang databases up to Oct 31, 2019. The included patients had undergone lobectomy or total thyroidectomy with bilateral central lymph node dissection and were diagnosed pathologically with PTC. Revman 5.3 software was applied for statistical analysis.

Results
Thirteen studies comprising 2449 patients were included. The factors associated with increased CCLNM risk in patients with cN0 disease were: age <45 years (odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.43–2.49, P < 0.00001), male sex (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.24–2.24, P = 0.0007), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.17–2.28; P = 0.004), tumor size ≥1 cm (OR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.85–3.74, P < 0.00001), lymphovascular invasion (OR = 4.27, 95% CI = 2.47–7.37, P < 0.00001), and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis (OR = 11.42, 95% CI = 5.25–24.86, P < 0.00001). However, no association was found for capsular invasion, multifocality, or Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Conclusion
The meta-analysis identified that age <45 years, tumor ≥1 cm, male sex, lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, and ipsilateral central lymph node metastasis are related to CCLNM in patients with unilateral CN0 PTC. These factors should influence the use of prophylactic central lymph node dissection in this group of patients.
Reception of Heidegger’s Notion of the Essence of Technology in the “Empirical Turn” Philosophy of Technology
Authors: Mickevičius Tomas Nemunas 
Published: April 2020

In this article some important aspects of Heidegger’s philosophy of technology is addressed. It is argued against Don Ihde’s observation that Heidegger’s philosophy of technology mostly concerns the large scale technological phenomena of industrial revolution – actually in Heidegger’s oeuvre we can find reflection on such micro-scale post-industrial technologies as cybernetics, biotechnologies etc. The critique of the essentialism of Heideggerian philosophy of technology by such authors as Andrew Feenberg, Don Ihde and Peter-Paul Verbeek is presented. It is suggested that earlier Heidegger’s concept of the essence of technology as “machination” (Machenschaft) is less susceptible to such criticism: whether technologies are exploitative and turning nature into “standing reserve”, or whether they are ecological and nature-friendly, whether they are understood as autonomous force, or democratically controlled process – it could be said that through contemporary technologies reality is increasingly turned into artifice and entities are revealed as makeable and producible.
Nonresearch Pharmaceutical Industry Payments to Oncology Physician Editors
Authors: Haque Waqas , Alvarenga Maria , Hsiehchen David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Journal editors are gatekeepers of knowledge, and pharmaceutical industry payments to oncology editors have not been previously characterized. We performed a cross-sectional study of nonresearch industry payments to editors of 26 oncology research journals. A total of 433 editors were eligible for inclusion in the CMS Open Payments database from 2013 to 2018. A total of 80% of eligible editors had nonresearch payments, and the mean value of payments per editor was $106,778, which has increased over time. Only 5 out of 26 journals disclosed editor conflicts of interest and 3 of these journals reported at least one editor with no nonresearch industry payments but were found to have nonresearch payments. There was a positive correlation between journal impact factor and the average payment per editor for each journal. Our study shows the high prevalence and lack of transparency of nonresearch industry payments to oncology editors. Higher impact journals appear to be associated with greater nonresearch industry payments.
ACTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATACTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION USING ETH METHOD TO ENHANCE STUDENT ORAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Wulanata Imanue Adhiyata , Purba Rani Elisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyikapi permasalahan aktivitas siswa pada pembelajaran Biologi dengan menerapkan metode Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa metode ETH dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lisan siswa dalam pembelajaran Biologi khususnya pada aktivitas membagikan suatu prinsip atau fakta, mengajukan pertanyaan, mengajukan jawaban dan kontribusi dalam kelompok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart yang berlangsung selama dua siklus. Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan di kelas X-A SDH Holland Village Manado. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu lembar observasi siswa, lembar angket siswa, dan pedoman wawancara siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem pembelajaran aktif dengan metode Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lisan siswa. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat berdasarkan hasil observasi pada setiap indikator yaitu 34,38%, 48,44%, 48,96%, dan 51,04%, sedangkan pada siklus dua 56,25%, 57,82%, 55,73%, dan 51,04%. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH) dengan mengikuti setiap tahapan dan mengawasi siswa menjalankan peran sebagai seorang guru dapat meningkatkan aktivitas lisan siswa kelas X-A pada mata pelajaran Biologi. AbstractThis research was conducted to address students' activities in learning Biology by applying the method Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH). This research aims to study the ETH method that can enhance students' oral activity in learning. The research method used is the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with the Kemmis and Mc Taggart models that last for two cycles. Research activities carried out in class X-A SDH Holland Village Manado. Data collection instruments used were student observation sheets, student questionnaire sheets, and student interview guidelines. Everyone is a Teacher Here (ETH) who can enhance students' verbal activities. This can be seen based on observations on each indicator that is 34.38%, 48.44%, 48.96%, and 51.04%, while in the second cycle 56.25%, 57.82%, 55.73% and 51.04%. Everyone is a teacher here (ETH) by following each stage and discussing students who act as teachers who can remind the oral activities of class X-A students in Biology.
RELAÇÕES SOCIAIS: DIÁLOGOS COM AS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS
Authors: Araújo Wagner dos Reis Marques , Siqueira Antonio Marcos de Oliveira , Andrade Aldair Oliveira de 
Published: April 2020

Neste seu quarto número, do volume 2 (2019), o Comitê Editorial da Revista Relações Sociais decidiu contemplar autores/as que em outras ocasiões procuraram o periódico, mas cujas pesquisas escapavam aos eixos temáticos elencados no escopo editorial. Um dos resultados positivos desta edição é poder dar visibilidade a novos temas e voz a jovens pesquisadores/as com interesses no campo das Ciências Sociais, entretanto não perdemos de vista o foco principal deste periódico que é o combate e a crítica a todas as formas de desigualdades. Com efeito, temos afirmado que as estruturas sociais na sociedade capitalista patriarcal produzem opressões de classe, gênero e raças, subalternizando sujeitos a modos de ser permeados por ausências de sentido na concretude do ser social. Acrescentamos algumas palavras que refletem a nossa preocupação com o atual cenário político no Brasil, que está se desenhando com o avanço da estrema direita que se consolida com o desmonte de políticas públicas de inclusão e, consequentemente, a fragilização dos direitos da classe trabalhadora. Um breve olhar em retrospectiva sobre o desenvolvimento do capitalismo, do ponto de vista da classe que produz valor (dos assalariados e não assalariados), confirma a impossibilidade de qualquer conciliação igualitária entre aqueles/a que vendem a sua força de trabalho (capacidades físicas e espirituais da corporalidade) e o possuidor dos meios de produção (detentor do monopólio das matérias-primas, capital, instrumentos de trabalho, etc.), haja vista o papel desempenhado pela instituição estatal que é perpassada por uma relação dialética sempre em tensão.