bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing biological traits and aggressiveness of Colletotrichum species associated with cashew anthracnose in Brazil
Authors: Veloso Josiene S. , Lima Waléria G. , Reis Ailton , Doyle Vinson P. , Michereff Sami J. , Câmara Marcos P. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnthracnose is the main fungal disease on cashew orchards in Brazil, occurring on both vegetative and reproductive organs of cultivated and noncultivated host plants. Understanding the effect of physical and chemical exogenous factors on the biological traits of Colletotrichum spp. and determining their host range are key to developing appropriate anthracnose control measures. The present study aimed to estimate the optimum temperatures for mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of seven Colletotrichum species (C. chrysophilum, C. fragariae, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. queenslandicum, C. siamense, and C. tropicale) associated with cashew anthracnose in Brazil. Their aggressiveness on cashew leaves and six alternative host fruits, and their sensitivity to three fungicides were also investigated. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination ranged from about 25 to about 33°C. All Colletotrichum species induced anthracnose symptoms on wounded cashew leaves, but none of them caused lesions on intact leaf surfaces. The Colletotrichum species, except for C. fragariae and C. fructicola, were pathogenic to wounded fruits of avocado, banana, guava, mango, and papaya, and some isolates also produced lesions on nonwounded fruit tissues. No symptoms were observed on passion fruits, regardless of the inoculation method. Mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial germination, and/or appressorial formation of the seven Colletotrichum species were inhibited by azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, and thiophanate‐methyl to varying degrees. The present study will contribute to the development of forecasting models based on prevailing weather of cashew cropping zones and improve cashew anthracnose management in Brazil.
Early Miocene metallogenic event formed the Bosawa low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit, Northeast Japan arc
Authors: Suzuki Teruhiro , Satori Shota , Fujimaki Yuho , Watanabe Yasushi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere are a number of epithermal Au‐Ag deposits in the Tohoku region of the Northeast Japan arc; however, these deposits have undergone limited exploration for over the past seven decades. This reconnaissance research study of the Bosawa deposit in Akita Prefecture was conducted to support future gold exploration in the Tohoku region. The Bosawa deposit is a vein‐type Au‐Ag deposit, with a production of 42,486 t of ore at 7.01 g/t Au and 14.9 g/t Ag recorded for the period from 1936 to 1957; mining started in the 18th century. The deposit consists of the Ohgiri vein system, which is hosted in felsic volcanic rocks of the Early Miocene Katsurabuchi Formation. The study included geological prospecting, ore description, K‐Ar dating, and fire assay analyses. The deposit is characterized by (a) strongly silicified host lapilli tuff fringed by pyrite‐adularia‐illite alteration; (b) presence of sulfide‐poor banded quartz veins with adularia; (c) abundance of bladed quartz in veins, pseudomorphs after bladed calcite; (d) presence of colloform opal texture in veins; and (e) simple ore mineralogy consisting of gold and argentite. These characteristics are typical of low‐sulfidation epithermal Au deposits. The K‐Ar age of adularia (19.33 ± 0.45 Ma) indicates that mineralization at Bosawa is distinctly older than the ages of other epithermal deposits in the Tohoku region but similar to the age of the initial mineralization episode of the Sado and Tsurushi deposits (24.4–22.1 Ma), Japan's second largest gold producer. This mineralization age coincides with the start of rifting of the Northeast Japan arc and separation from the Asian continent. As the felsic rocks related to this rifting event are widespread in the arc, and some are associated with epithermal gold deposits, the confirmation of typical low‐sulfidation style of mineralization in the Early Miocene provides evidence for a previously unrecognized metallogenic event in the Tohoku region.
Feasibility and early effectiveness of the Tell‐us Card communication tool to increase in‐hospital patient participation: a cluster randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: van Belle Elise , Huisman‐De Waal Getty , Vermeulen Hester , Heinen Maud 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPatient participation is fundamental to nursing care and has beneficial effects on patient outcomes. However, it is not well embedded yet and little is known on how nurses could effectively stimulate patient participation in hospital care. The Tell‐us Card is a communication tool for inviting patients to talk about their preferences and needs, and to increase patient participation in daily care.ObjectivesTo assess feasibility and early effectiveness of the Tell‐us Card communication tool for enhanced patient participation during hospitalisation.Design and methodA pilot cluster randomised controlled study design was used including four nursing wards. Effectiveness was measured with the Individualized Care Scale (ICS) and the Quality from the Patients’ Perspective (QPP) questionnaire. Linear mixed model analysis was used for analysis. Feasibility was assessed with an evaluative questionnaire for patients and nurses and by reviewing the content of Tell‐us Cards using the Fundamentals of Care Framework (FOCF) for analysis. Ethical approval was attained.ResultsData of 265 patients showed a significant increase at one intervention ward on the ICS (effect size 0.61, p = 0.02) and most ICS subscales. No effect was visible on the QPP. The majority of patients regarded the intervention as beneficial; nurses however experienced barriers with incorporating the Tell‐us Card into daily care. Analysis of the Tell‐us Card content showed many elements of the FOCF being mentioned, with most patients indicating psychosocial needs like being involved and informed.ConclusionsThis pilot study showed a positive early effect of the Tell‐us Card communication tool on patient participation, although integration in daily nursing care appeared to be complex and an optimal fit has not yet been reached. Patients were positive about the intervention and wrote meaningful issues on the Tell‐us Cards. More research is needed on how to incorporate patient participation effectively in complex hospital care.
Artificial intelligence enabled applications in kidney disease
Authors: Chaudhuri Sheetal , Long Andrew , Zhang Hanjie , Monaghan Caitlin , Larkin John W. , Kotanko Peter , Kalaskar Shashi , Kooman Jeroen P. , van der Sande Frank M. , Maddux Franklin W. , Usvyat Len A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is considered as the next natural progression of traditional statistical techniques. Advances in analytical methods and infrastructure enable AI to be applied in health care. While AI applications are relatively common in fields like ophthalmology and cardiology, its use is scarcely reported in nephrology. We present the current status of AI in research toward kidney disease and discuss future pathways for AI. The clinical applications of AI in progression to end‐stage kidney disease and dialysis can be broadly subdivided into three main topics: (a) predicting events in the future such as mortality and hospitalization; (b) providing treatment and decision aids such as automating drug prescription; and (c) identifying patterns such as phenotypical clusters and arteriovenous fistula aneurysm. At present, the use of prediction models in treating patients with kidney disease is still in its infancy and further evidence is needed to identify its relative value. Policies and regulations need to be addressed before implementing AI solutions at the point of care in clinics. AI is not anticipated to replace the nephrologists’ medical decision‐making, but instead assist them in providing optimal personalized care for their patients.
Contralateral effects of eccentric resistance training on immobilized arm
Authors: Valdes Omar , Ramirez Carlos , Perez Felipe , Garcia‐Vicencio Sebastian , Nosaka Kazunori , Penailillo Luis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study compared the effects of contralateral eccentric‐only (ECC) and concentric‐/eccentric‐coupled resistance training (CON‐ECC) of the elbow flexors on immobilized arm. Thirty healthy participants (18‐34 y) were randomly allocated to immobilization only (CTRL; n = 10), immobilization and ECC (n = 10), or immobilization and CON‐ECC group (n = 10). The non‐dominant arms of all participants were immobilized (8 h·day−1) for 4 weeks, during which ECC and CON‐ECC were performed by the dominant (non‐immobilized) arm 3 times a week (3‐6 sets of 10 repetitions per session) with an 80%‐120% and 60%‐90% of one concentric repetition maximum (1‐RM) load, respectively, matching the total training volume. Arm circumference, 1‐RM and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength, biceps brachii surface electromyogram amplitude (sEMGRMS), rate of force development (RFD), and joint position sense (JPS) were measured for both arms before and after immobilization. CTRL showed decreases (P < .05) in MVIC (−21.7%), sEMGRMS (−35.2%), RFD (−26.0%), 1‐RM (−14.4%), JPS (−87.4%), and arm circumference (−5.1%) of the immobilized arm. These deficits were attenuated or eliminated by ECC and CON‐ECC, with greater effect sizes for ECC than CON‐ECC in MVIC (0.29: +12.1%, vs −0.18: −0.1%) and sEMGRMS (0.31:17.5% vs −0.15: −5.9%). For the trained arm, ECC showed greater effect size for MVIC than CON‐ECC (0.47 vs 0.29), and increased arm circumference (+2.9%), sEMGRMS (+77.9%), and RDF (+31.8%) greater (P < .05) than CON‐ECC (+0.6%, +15.1%, and + 15.8%, respectively). The eccentric‐only resistance training of the contralateral arm was more effective to counteract the negative immobilization effects than the concentric‐eccentric training.
Viscoelastic testing in cardiac surgery
Authors: Agarwal Seema , Abdelmotieleb Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBleeding complications are common in cardiac surgery and lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality. This is multifactorial in aetiology including the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, the drugs given to manipulate the coagulation system and the vascular nature of the surgery itself. Viscoelastic tests provide a point of care, rapid assessment of coagulation which offer the advantage of faster turnaround times and a nuanced view of the elements of the coagulation system allowing targeted therapy to be delivered quickly. Both thomboelastography (TEG)and thromboelastometry (ROTEM) have been recommended for use in cardiac surgery, both have shown a reduction in transfusion and bleeding when used as part of a testing algorithm. They are particularly useful in assessing residual heparinisation and fibrinogen levels. Additionally, TEG allows the evaluation of the effects of anti‐platelet agents on platelet function. This review discusses the mechanisms by which bleeding occurs in cardiac surgery and explores three uses of viscoelastic testing in cardiac surgery: to predict bleeding, to assess platelet function and peri‐operative testing to reduce transfusion
Lessons from Timor: Shells are poor taxonomic indicators in Asperitas land snails (Stylommatophora, Dyakiidae)
Authors: Köhler Frank , Criscione Francesco , Hallan Anders , Hyman Isabel , Kessner Vince 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe limacoid land snail Asperitas Gude, 1911 encompasses several vividly coloured, yet poorly known species that are distributed throughout the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, and the Moluccas. We examined the variation in shell morphology, including the use of geometric morphometrics, and reproductive anatomy of snails from Timor and several adjacent islands. These studies revealed that none of the taxa described from Timor and considered to be endemic to this island could be reliably distinguished from any of the others. In addition to the systematic ambiguity of morphological characteristics, we uncovered rather low amounts of genetic differentiation in the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit I that was not consistent with the current taxonomy. Based on these observations, we conclude that there is just a single Asperitas species on Timor that exhibits notable variability in shell characters and body colour. This variability is ascribed to the combined effects of polymorphic colour patterns with locally varying selection in different habitats and along altitudinal gradients. Individuals from the adjacent islands of Flores, Sumbawa, Solor and Romang, which are deemed to represent distinct species‐level taxa, exhibit similar amounts of variation in shell and body colour. They exhibit a consistent reproductive anatomy and overall negligible amounts of mitochondrial differentiation from the populations on Timor. Patterns in shell variation do not lend support to previously held ideas that different Sunda Islands harbour distinct radiations of polytypic Asperitas species. By contrast, we suggest that the taxonomic diversity of Asperitas has been overestimated for the over‐reliance on shell features and that many presently accepted taxa are likely mere synonyms of fewer and more widespread species.
Administración y enajenación de bienes temporales eclesiásticos a la luz del Concilio Vaticano II. Parte II: Lumen Gentium, cap. VI; Presbyterorum Ordinis n.o 17, y Perfectae Caritatis n.o 13
Authors: Garceranth Ramos Ismael Arturo 
Published: September 2020

Los documentos conciliares Lumen Gentium, Presbyterorum Ordinis y Perfectae Caritatis fueron fuente para la posterior elaboración de ciertos cánones del Código de Derecho Canónico (CIC, por sus siglas en latín) (Juan Pablo II, 1983) referidos a la administración y enajenación de bienes eclesiásticos, en especial de aquellos pertenecientes a los institutos religiosos.
Este artículo se ubica dentro del Libro V del CIC (Juan Pablo II, 1983) y guarda relación y continuidad con otros artículos del mismo autor que también nacieron del Libro en mención. Estos artículos han sido publicados en revistas anteriores de esta colección de Universitas Canonica. De manera particular, se destaca la primera parte del presente artículo, titulado “Administración y enajenación de bienes temporales eclesiásticos de institutos religiosos a la luz del Concilio Vaticano II: Lumen Gentium, cap. VI, Presbyterorum Ordinis no. 17 y Perfectae Caritatis no. 13” (Parte I), en el que se aborda el tema en mención y su relación con el decreto Presbyterorum Ordinis no. 17.
Continuando con esta temática, y para un segundo momento, en el presente artículo estudiaremos el Capítulo VI de la Constitución Dogmática Lumen Gentium y, finalmente, en un tercer artículo, con el mismo fin y la misma metodología, analizaremos el no. 13 del decreto Perfectae Caritatis.
Differential Ratings of Perceived Match and Training Exertion in Girls’ Soccer
Authors: Wright Matthew D. , Songane Francisco , Emmonds Stacey , Chesterton Paul , Weston Matthew , Mclaren Shaun J. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To understand the validity of differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) as a measure of girls’ training and match internal loads. Methods: Using the centiMax scale (CR100), session dRPE for breathlessness (sRPE-B) and leg muscle exertion (sRPE-L) were collected across a season of training (soccer, resistance, and fitness) and matches from 33 players (15 [1] y). Differences and associations between dRPE were examined using mixed and general linear models. The authors’ minimal practical important difference was 8 arbitrary units (AU). Results: Mean (AU [SD] ∼16) sRPE-B and sRPE-L were 66 and 61 for matches, 51 and 49 for soccer, 86 and 67 for fitness, and 45 and 58 for resistance, respectively. Session RPE-B was rated most likely harder than sRPE-L for fitness (19 AU; 90% confidence limits: ±7) and most likely easier for resistance (−13; ±2). Match (5; ±4) and soccer (−3; ±2) differences were likely to most likely trivial. The within-player relationships between sRPE-B and sRPE-L were very likely moderate for matches (r = .44; 90% confidence limits: ±.12) and resistance training (.38; ±.06), likely large for fitness training (.51; ±.22), and most likely large for soccer training (.56; ±.03). Shared variance ranged from 14% to 35%. Conclusions: Practically meaningful differences between dRPE following physical training sessions coupled with low shared variance in all training types and matches suggest that sRPE-B and sRPE-L represent unique sensory inputs in girls’ soccer players. The data provide evidence for the face and construct validity of dRPE as a measure of internal load in this population.
Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years
Authors: Saad-Roy Chadi M. , Wagner Caroline E. , Baker Rachel E. , Morris Sinead E. , Farrar Jeremy , Graham Andrea L. , Levin Simon A. , Mina Michael J. , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Grenfell Bryan T. 
Published: September 2020

Imperfect future immunityHumans are infected by several seasonal and cross-reacting coronaviruses. None provokes fully protective immunity, and repeat infections are the norm. Vaccines tend to be less efficient than natural infections at provoking immunity, and there are risks of adverse cross-reactions. Saad-Royet al.used a series of simple models for a variety of immune scenarios to envisage immunological futures for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with and without vaccines. The model outcomes show that our imperfect knowledge about the imperfect coronavirus immune landscape can give rise to diverging scenarios ranging from recurring severe epidemics to elimination. It is critical that we accurately characterize immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 for translation into managing disease control.Science, this issue p.811
Emerging immunotherapies in multiple myeloma
Authors: Shah Urvi A , Mailankody Sham 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Despite considerable advances in treatment approaches in the past two decades, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Treatments for myeloma continue to evolve with many emerging immunotherapies. The first immunotherapy used to treat hematologic cancers, including multiple myeloma, was an allogeneic stem cell transplant. In the mid-2000s, immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide, lenalidomide, and subsequently pomalidomide were proven to be effective in multiple myeloma and substantially improved survival. The next wave of immunotherapies for multiple myeloma included the monoclonal antibodies daratumumab and elotuzumab, which were approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015. Subsequently, a variety of immunotherapies have been developed for multiple myeloma, including chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, and checkpoint inhibitors. Many of these emerging treatments target the B cell maturation antigen, which is expressed on plasma cells, although several other novel receptors are also being studied. This review summarizes the evidence of these various immunotherapies, their mechanism of action, and data from clinical trials regarding the treatments’ safety and efficacy.
Impact evaluations of drug decriminalisation and legal regulation on drug use, health and social harms: a systematic review
Authors: Scheim Ayden I , Maghsoudi Nazlee , Marshall Zack , Churchill Siobhan , Ziegler Carolyn , Werb Dan 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo review the metrics and findings of studies evaluating effects of drug decriminalisation or legal regulation on drug availability, use or related health and social harms globally.DesignSystematic review with narrative synthesis.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and six additional databases for publications from 1 January 1970 through 4 October 2018.Inclusion criteriaPeer-reviewed articles or published abstracts in any language with quantitative data on drug availability, use or related health and social harms collected before and after implementation ofde juredrug decriminalisation or legal regulation.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts and articles for inclusion. Extraction and quality appraisal (modified Downs and Black checklist) were performed by one reviewer and checked by a second, with discrepancies resolved by a third. We coded study-level outcome measures into metric groupings and categorised the estimated direction of association between the legal change and outcomes of interest.ResultsWe screened 4860 titles and 221 full-texts and included 114 articles. Most (n=104, 91.2%) were from the USA, evaluated cannabis reform (n=109, 95.6%) and focussed on legal regulation (n=96, 84.2%). 224 study outcome measures were categorised into 32 metrics, most commonly prevalence (39.5% of studies), frequency (14.0%) or perceived harmfulness (10.5%) of use of the decriminalised or regulated drug; or use of tobacco, alcohol or other drugs (12.3%). Across all substance use metrics, legal reform was most often not associated with changes in use.ConclusionsStudies evaluating drug decriminalisation and legal regulation are concentrated in the USA and on cannabis legalisation. Despite the range of outcomes potentially impacted by drug law reform, extant research is narrowly focussed, with a particular emphasis on the prevalence of use. Metrics in drug law reform evaluations require improved alignment with relevant health and social outcomes.
Psychosocial factors and indoor environmental quality in respiratory symptom reports of pupils: a cross-sectional study in Finnish schools
Authors: Savelieva Kateryna , Elovainio Marko , Lampi Jussi , Ung-Lanki Sari , Pekkanen Juha 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesPoor indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in schools is related to higher respiratory symptoms of pupils, but little is known about the importance of other factors. This study examined the associations between different psychosocial factors and other pupils’ individual and allergic characteristics, beyond school IEQ, and reporting of respiratory symptoms in pupil-administered and parent-administered questionnaires.SettingAll primary and secondary schools in two areas of Helsinki, Finland.ParticipantsPrimary school pupils (grade 3–6, n=8775, 99 school buildings) and secondary school pupils (grade 7–9, n=3410, 30 school buildings) reported their respiratory symptoms, as well as psychosocial factors and individual characteristics. Parents of primary school pupils (grade 1–6, n=3540, 88 school buildings) also filled in questionnaires, but the response rate was low (20% in 2017 and 13% in 2018).Main outcome measureRespiratory symptoms were reported in relation to the school environment and in general (without such relation) by pupils or parents.ResultsWorry about IEQ and low school satisfaction, and asthma and hay fever were related to higher reporting of respiratory symptoms in three samples. The variance between schools in respiratory symptoms was low (intraclass correlation=0.6%–2.4%). Psychosocial factors, especially worry about school’s IEQ, explained more of the variance between schools in symptoms than IEQ among secondary school pupils and parents, but not among primary school pupils for symptoms in general. Worry about IEQ also modified the associations between IEQ and respiratory symptoms, but only in parental reports.ConclusionIn addition to IEQ, psychosocial factors and pupils’ individual and allergic characteristics were related to higher reporting of respiratory symptoms in all three samples. Psychosocial factors explained more variance between schools than IEQ, although it was 2.4% at most. Other factors beyond IEQ should be considered when interpreting symptom reporting in indoor air questionnaires.