bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent frequent attenders in primary care: case-control study comparing chronic diseases of five-year and one-year frequent attenders and features of the typical five-year frequent attenders
Authors: Santalahti Anne , Luutonen Sinikka H. , Vahlberg Tero J. , Rautava Päivi T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Persistent frequent attenders have 10 or more face-to-face visits to a general practitioner (GP) within one year and they continue frequent visits for two years or more. It seems that GPs don´t recognize their persistent frequent attenders. These patients can cause frustration for GPs and furthermore patients don`t seem to get the needed help from GPs. We wanted to find out typical features of persistent frequent attenders and thus help GPs to recognize these patients and even to foresee which patients will most probably become persistent attenders in the future. Methods We used the data of 4,392 frequent attenders (FAs) from the primary healthcare centers of the study city in 2001-2006. The five-year FAs formed the study group. Patient record entries of them were scrutinized and the background variables recorded. The background variables were described in terms of means and standard deviations or frequencies and percentages. Chronic diagnoses in the study group were compared to those of the control group. The control group was randomly selected from the group of the one-year frequent attenders in 2001–2006. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare chronic diagnoses between groups. Results Out of 4,392 FAs in 2001- 2006 19.4% were FAs during two years and 1.1% during five years. In the study group, there were 65% women and 35% men and the gender distribution remained equal throughout the whole follow-up period. Their average age was 51.7 year. The study group had 15.3 self-initiated visits to a GP annually and had significantly more depression (p=0.004), epilepsy (p=0.035), heart failure (p=0.019), asthma (p=0.032), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, p=0.036) and back pain/lumbago (p=0.046) compared to the control group. Patients in the study group were referred to secondary care, on average, 20.1 times per person. Conclusion We found out that a typical persistent frequent attender was a woman at the age of 55 who had depression, low back pain, heart failure, asthma or COPD. When a GP notices this kind of a patient it might be wisdom to have extra effort with the patient and make a follow-up and treatment plan together.
Different effects of Wnt/β-catenin activation and PTH activation in adult and aged male mice metaphyseal fracture healing
Authors: Liu Daocheng , Qin Hao , Yang Jiazhi , Yang Lei , He Sihao , Chen Sixu , Bao Quanwei , Zhao Yufeng , Zong Zhaowen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Fractures in older men are not uncommon and need to be healed as soon as possible to avoid related complications. Anti-osteoporotic drugs targeting Wnt/β-catenin and PTH (parathyroid hormone) to promote fracture healing have become an important direction in recent years. Objective: Observe whether there is a difference in adult and aged situations by activating two signal paths. Methods: A single cortical hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm was made in the femoral metaphysis of Catnblox(ex3) mice and wild-type mice. The fracture healing effects of CA(Wnt/β-catenin activation) and PTH (activated by tamoxifen and PTH (1–34) injections) were assessed by X-ray and CT imaging on days 7, 14, and 21 after fracture. The mRNA levels of β-catenin, PTH1R(Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor), and RUNX2(Runt-related transcription factor 2) in the fracture defect area were detected using RT-PCR. Angiogenesis and osteoblasts were observed by immunohistochemistry and osteoclasts were observed by TRAP (Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase). Result: Adult CA mice and adult PTH mice showed slightly better fracture healing than adult wild-type (WT) mice, but there was no statistical difference. Aged CA mice showed better promotion of angiogenesis and osteoblasts and better fracture healing than aged PTH mice. Conclusion: The application of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway drugs for fracture healing in elderly patients may bring better early effects than PTH signaling pathway drugs, but the long-term effects need to be observed.
Defining microbiome communities in banana (Musa spp.) with and without symptoms of Fusarium wilt
Authors: Kaushal Manoj , Swennen Rony , Mahuku George 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Plant harbours microbial communities in rhizosphere and inside the roots. These plants associated microbial communities play pivotal roles in plant growth and productivity. However, in banana, the microbiome assembly, composition and abundance in different plant organs is not well understood and restricted only to bacterial communities in rhizosphere.
Results: We assessed the diversity, structure and assemblage of bacterial and fungal communities associated with banana plants with and without Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) symptoms. A total of 117,814 bacterial and 17,317 fungal operational taxonomy units (OTUs) were identified in the rhizosphere, roots and corm of the host plant. Results revealed that bacterial and fungal microbiota present in roots and corm primarily emanated from the rhizosphere. The composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere, roots and corm were different, with more diversity observed in the rhizosphere and less in the corm. However, distinct sample types i.e. without (asymptomatic) and with (symptomatic) Fusarium symptoms were the major drivers of the fungal community composition. Considering the high relative abundance among samples, we identified core microbiomes with bacterial and fungal OTUs classified into 20 families and colonizing distinct plant components of banana. Our core microbiome assigned 129 bacterial and 37 fungal genera to known taxa.
Conclusions: Banana plants harbor a rich and diverse bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere, roots and corm. By comparing communities in other crops, we state that several of the communities discovered in banana could serve as key nodes for plant growth and health.
Allogeneic human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (MSC-BPD Trial)
Authors: Wu Xian , Xia Yunqiu , Zhou Ou , Song Yan , Zhang Xianhong , Tian Daiyin , Li Qubei , Shu Chang , Liu Enmei , Yuan Xiaoping , He Ling , Liu Chengjun , Li Jing , Liang Xiaohua , Yang Ke , Fu Zhou , Zou Lin , Bao Lei , Dai Jihong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex lung pathological lesion secondary to multiple factors and one of the most common chronic lung diseases with a poor prognosis, especially in preterm infants. However, effective therapies for this disease are lacking. Stem cell therapy is a promising way to improve lung injury and abnormal alveolarization, and the human umbilical cord (hUC) is a good source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have demonstrated efficacy in other diseases. We hypothesized that intravenous allogeneic hUC-MSCs are safe and effective for severe BPD. Methods: The MSC-BPD trial is a randomized single-center open-label dose-escalation phase II trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. In this study, 72 patients will be enrolled and randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Patients in the intervention groups will receive a low dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 2.5 million cells/kg) or a high dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 5 million cells/kg) in combination with traditional supportive treatments for BPD. The patients in the control group (n = 24) will be treated with traditional supportive treatments alone without hUC-MSCs. The primary outcome measures will be cumulative duration of oxygen therapy. Follow-up assessments will be performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-intervention, and the key outcome during follow-up will be changes on chest radiography. Statistical analyses will evaluate the efficacy of the hUC-MSC treatment. Discussion: This will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. Its results will provide a new evidence-based therapy for severe BPD.
Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring versus treatment as usual for extremely preterm infants. A protocol for the SafeBoosC randomised clinical phase III trial
Authors: Hansen Mathias , Pellicer Adelina , Gluud Christian , Dempsey Eugene , Mintzer Jonathan , Hyttel-Sørensen Simon , Heuchan Anne Marie , Hagmann Cornelia , Ergenekon Ebru , Dimitriou Gabriel , Pichler Gerhard , Naulaers Gunnar , Cheng Guoqiang , Guimarães Hercilia , Tkaczyk Jakub , Kreutzer Karen B. , Fumagalli Monica , Claris Olivier , Lemmers Petra , Fredly Siv , Szczapa Tomasz , Austin Topun , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Greisen Gorm 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Cerebral oxygenation monitoring may reduce the risk of death and neurologic complications in extremely preterm infants, but no such effects have yet been demonstrated in preterm infants in sufficiently powered randomised clinical trials. The objective of the SafeBoosC-III trial is to investigate the benefits and harms of treatment based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring compared with treatment as usual for extremely preterm infants. Methods/Design: SafeBoosC III is an investigator-initiated multinational randomised, pragmatic phase III clinical trial. Inclusion criteria will be infants born below 28 weeks postmenstrual age and parental informed consent (unless the site is using ‘opt-out’ or deferred consent). Exclusion criteria will be no parental informed consent (or if ‘opt-out’ is used, lack of record that clinical staff have explained the trial and the ‘opt-out’ consent process to parents and/or a record of parents’ decision to opt-out in the infants clinical file); decision not to provide full life support; and no possibility to initiate cerebral NIRS oximetry within 6 hours after birth. Participants will be randomised 1:1 into either the experimental or control group. Participants in the experimental group will be monitored during the first 72 hours of life with a cerebral NIRS oximeter. Cerebral hypoxia will be treated according to an evidence-based treatment guideline. Participants in the control group will not undergo cerebral oxygenation monitoring and will receive treatment as usual. Each participant will be followed up at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The primary outcome will be a composite of either death or severe brain injury detected on any of the serial cranial ultrasound scans that are routinely performed in these infants up to 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Severe brain injury will be assessed by a person blinded to group allocation. To detect a 22% relative risk difference between the experimental and control group, we intend to randomise a cohort of 1600 infants. Discussion: Treatment guided by cerebral NIRS oximetry has the potential to decrease the risk of death or survival with severe brain injury in preterm infants. There is an urgent need to assess the clinical effects of NIRS monitoring among preterm neonates. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03770741 (registered 10/12-2018), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03770741?recrs=b&cond=cerebral+near+infrared+spectroscopy&rank=3
Estimating Atterberg Limits of Fine‐Grained Soils by Visible–Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rehman Hafeez Ur , Knadel Maria , Kayabali Kamil , Arthur Emmanuel 
Published: November 2019

Core IdeasTwo methods each to measure each Atterberg limit (SL, PL, and LL) were evaluated.A Vis‐NIRS technique successfully estimated Atterberg limits for fine‐grained soils.The Atterberg limits correlated with typical clay signatures in the Vis‐NIR spectrumVis‐NIRS model performance was independent of the method used to generate the reference data.The Atterberg limits (shrinkage limit [SL], plastic limit [PL], and liquid limit [LL]) describe the physico‐mechanical behavior of soils and thus are crucial for civil and agricultural applications. Conventional laboratory methods for measurement of these limits are tedious and costly for a large number of samples. Our objective was to develop visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy (Vis‐NIRS, from 400–2500 nm) based reliable models to estimate the Atterberg limits. Two conventional methods for each Atterberg limit were used to generate the reference data: paraffin wax and Hg methods for SL; rolling and motorized devices for PL; and Casagrande cup and drop‐cone penetrometer methods for LL. Calibration models were built on 80% of the data using partial least squares regression and validated with the remaining 20% of the dataset. The Vis‐NIRS independent validation of LL showed very good estimation with standardized RMSE (SRMSE = RMSE/Range) of 0.16 and 0.15, respectively, for LLdrop‐coneand LLCasagrandemethods. Similarly for PL, the Vis‐NIRS estimation accuracy was quite good with SRMSE values of 0.18 and 0.22, respectively, for PLmotorizedand PLrolling. Reasonably good estimation was obtained for the SLparaffinand SLHgwith SRMSE of 0.25 for both methods. The results suggest that the Vis‐NIRS calibration models and the accuracy following validation were similar for the pair of methods used for the SL, PL, and LL. Finally, analyses of the model regression coefficients revealed that the important wavelengths to estimate the SL, PL, and LL in the Vis‐NIR regions were present across the entire Vis‐NIR spectrum and were strongly related to clay type and content.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KAWASAN WISATA GOA KREO PADA MATERI EKOSISTEM KELAS X SMA NEGERI 16 SEMARANG
Authors: Lestari Atsni , Lianah Lianah , Hidayat Saifullah 
Published: November 2019

Upaya pengembangan modul biologi berbasis kearifan lokal masih belum banyak digunakan dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Salah satu sekolah yang belum menggunakan modul mata pelajaran biologi yang berbasis kearifan lokal ialah SMA Negeri 16 Semarang. SMA Negeri 16 Semarang pada tahun 2016 telah memperoleh penghargaan sebagai sekolah Adiwiyata, yaitu sekolah yang mampu menerapkan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya. Oleh karenanya sebagai sekolah berwawasan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan diperlukan adanya modul pembelajaran biologi berbasis kearifan lokal sekitar untuk dapat diterapkan dalam lingkungan sekolah. Salah satu upaya mewujudkan hal tersebut, maka diperlukan pengembangan modul ekosistem berbasis kearifan lokal di Kawasan Wisata Goa Kreo. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sumber belajar peserta didik, mampu memberikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal kepada peserta didik, serta sebagai upaya menjaga kelestarian tradisi alam sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan modul materi ekosistem yang telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Research and Development, mengacu pada model 4D (define, design, develop, dan dessiminate) Thiagarajan. Hasil pengembangan sangat layak digunakan delam pembelajaran, hal tersebut berdasarkan pada penilaian kualitas modul oleh ahli materi dengan presentase sebesar 84,54 persen, ahli modul dengan presentase sebesar 93.34 persen, guru mata pelajaran biologi dengan presentase sebesar 90,23 persen, dan menurut tanggapan peserta didik dengan presentase sebesar 97,2 persen. Berdasarkan penilaian tersebut maka modul yang dikembangkan sangat layak untuk digunakan.
Analysis and optimization of a new cylindrical air gap membrane distillation system
Authors: Shahu Vandita T. , Thombre S. B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Membrane distillation is a rate-governed non-isothermal membrane separation technique that utilizes trans-membrane temperature difference for evaporating water and thereby separating it from brackish feed for reproducing fresh water. A novel design of a cylindrical air gap membrane distillation module is presented. The module is fabricated in a way similar to a shell and tube heat exchanger. A PTFE hydrophobic membrane is used and is formed in a cylindrical shape. Design of experiments (DOE) is used to design the experiments statistically and to identify the significant operating parameters. Experiments were performed according to the Taguchi design approach using an L16 orthogonal array. Optimization of the whole process is performed by response surface methodology. It is shown that the feed temperature and feed flow rate have a positive effect, whereas the salinity has a negative impact on flux. The maximum value of flux achieved with this system is 3.6 kg/m2 hr. A high value of flux of 2.6 kg/m2 hr was achieved under optimum conditions at a temperature of 45 °C and a flow rate of 1.5 lpm with a salinity of 5 g/litre.
LEGAL ENTITIES AS THE MAIN PARTICIPANTS IN BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Authors: Berzin O. , Shliagina E. 
Published: November 2019

The legal entity is one of the most common forms of business activity in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The regulation of legal entities in Russia and China has changed in recent years, which makes the study of this issue especially relevant. This article explores and compares the concept of business activity, the system of legal entities and several types of particular legal entities in regard to companies found in Russia and China. The research concludes that the system of legal entities in the Russian Federation has an exhaustive regulation that facilitates the interpretation of the civil legislation and allows distinguishing the relevant characteristics of any type of organization. In China, there was no unified system of legal entities until 2017. While the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China adopted in 2017 is a serious and important attempt to establish a system of legal entities, the law does not contain the essential characteristics of legal entities; additionally, a number of the provisions of the legal acts in force devoted to the regulation of the activities of legal entities have not yet been brought in line with the new law.
DISMISSAL PROTECTION IN THE BRICS COUNTRIES IN LIGHT OF ILO CON VENTION No. 158
Authors: Sychenko E. , Laruccia M. , Cusciano D. , Chikireva I. , Wenpei L. , Smit P. 
Published: November 2019

The BRICS countries have aspirations to achieve sustainable development in their economies and environmental protection. These aspirations have an important social aspect in the area of employment protection as it relates to ensuring fair development. In order to establish national standards for dismissal protection in four of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa) the authors have considered the legislation and relevant national case law. This paper includes a review of International Labour Organisation (ILO) standards of dismissal protection, which are used as a pattern for comparison. The paper consists of five parts: the first deals with the history and explores the legal standards adopted in the ILO Convention No. 158; the remaining four parts present the research on each of the national dismissal protection systems in the four BRICS countries under study. The authors conclude that even though the national systems are different and have dissimilar scopes in respect of dismissal protection, their regulations are largely in line with the Convention, which has not been ratified by any of the BRICS countries; and that international instruments even without ratification may be a helpful instrument for shaping the national system of dismissal protection, and for providing guidance to policymakers and legislators.
UN ILATERAL SANCTIONS – A VESTIGE OF A UNIPOLAR WORLD: THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LEGAL POSITION OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES
Authors: Kapustin A. , Khabriev B. 
Published: November 2019

The efforts of the BRICs countries to establish a fair international legal order determine the scholarly interest in conceptualizing the legal position on the inadmissibility of the use of unlawful unilateral coercive measures in international relations. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of combating discriminatory sanctions policies of individual states and international organizations, including elements of economic, legal and international legal analysis. The subject of the authors’ interest is not the methodology of “economic analysis” of legal phenomena, which is recognized in legal science; rather, it is an attempt to synthesize the methods of various disciplines, allowing a comprehensive assessment of the possibility of countering “sanctions threats” to the state sovereignty of Russia as one of the members of BRICS. The main directions of the economic policy of the state in the conditions of the “sanctions regime,” the features of acts of Russian legislation aimed at protecting sovereignty from illegal unilateral restrictive measures, in the historical context, and taking into account modern views, the doctrinal approaches to the concept of “sanctions” in the science and practice of international law are all analyzed. As a result, it is found that the pluralism of approaches to the definition of “sanctions” is maintained, which is explained by the insufficient level of international legal regulation of international coercion and the continuing decentralization of the system of international law. The grounds for the legitimacy of sanctions mechanisms operate in the system of collective security of the U.N., based on the analysis of the provisions of the U.N. Charter and the normative array of recommendatory norms of the U.N. General Assembly. The evolution of the mechanism of non-military coercive measures of the U.N. Security Council is analyzed, and the parameters of the legitimacy of sanctions by regional international organizations on the basis of the provisions of the U.N. Charter are determined. Normative contours of “soft regulators” of counteractions to illegitimate unilateral coercive measures are established.
Phytochemical and Cytotoxicity Studies of Callistemon viminalis Leaves Extract Growing in Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Amal H. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
To isolate and identify new compounds from the methanolic extract of Callistemon
viminalis leaves collected in Cairo, Egypt and evaluate its cytotoxic and hepatoprotective potentials.

Method:
The methanolic extract of Callistemon viminalis leaves was fractionated and subjected to
different chromatographic techniques to isolate pure, new compounds which were identified by nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR), spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometric methods. The methanolic
extract of the leaves was assessed for its cytotoxic and hepatoprotective activities against Hepatocellular
carcinoma cells (Hep G-2 cell line) by estimating the viability of the HepG2 cells by the MTT reduction
assay.

Results:
Six compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from the methanolic extract of Callistemon
viminalis leaves, three compounds are new flavonoids namely; 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-
(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)]-3′-O-methylquercetin (C1); 5,7,3',4' tetrahydroxy isoflavone-7-O-α-
L-1C4- rhamnopyranosyl (1'''-6'')-O-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside (C2) and 6-methyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-
methoxyflavone (C6) along with the three known ones; hyperoside (C3), rutin (C4) and isoquercitrin (C5).

Conclusion:
The methanolic extract of the leaves showed strong cytotoxic activity against Hepatocellular
carcinoma cells (Hep G-2 cell line) and weak hepatoprotective effect.