bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of site-classification approach on geochemical background values
Authors: Zinkutė Rimantė , Taraškevičius Ričardas , Jankauskaitė Margarita , Kazakauskas Vaidotas , Stankevičius Žilvinas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study of peri-urban minerogenic topsoil on glacigenic or post-glacial deposits shows the influence of the site-classification approach on the differentiated median background (DMB) values of major elements and the potentially harmful elements (PHEs) Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Composite samples from forests and meadows were taken in 25 sites, each of which had five sub-sites. A fraction of <2 mm was used to determine the organic matter by loss on ignition (LOI), grain size by laser diffraction and the elemental contents by X-ray fluorescence. The following five site-classification approaches are compared: geochemical (G), using relative median contents of Al, K, Ti; textural (T), according to mean percentages of clay-sized fraction (CLF) and silt fraction (SIF); lithological (L), based on soil parent material texture from the soil database; soil type (S), presented in the soil database; and parent material (P), generalising the underlying Quaternary deposits. Sites were classified into four level groups in which the DMB values were estimated after eliminating anomalies. The average ranks of three scores according to SIF, CLF, LOI, Al, K, Ti, Fe, Mg, Ca and S in the respective groups revealed the highest value for the G approach. It better eliminates the CLF and SIF influences on the median assessment indices of PHEs in sites.
Application of selenium and silicon to alleviate short-term drought stress in French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) as a model plant species
Authors: Kleiber Tomasz , Borowiak Klaudia , Kosiada Tomasz , Breś Włodzimierz , Ławniczak Bartosz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelenium (Se) and silicon (Si) are the beneficial elements that may significantly modify plants’ tolerance to various types of biotic and abiotic stress. They may be particularly important due to the current climate changes. The aim of model experiments was to assess how selenium and silicon could alleviate short-term drought stress in French marigold (Tagetes patula L. “Pascal”). Tagetes plant species are economically important annual plants and are also very popular decorative flowering species in city parks due to its beautiful colored flowers and resistance on drought stress. Silicon was applied in the form of silica sol and choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid (ch-OSA). Selenium was applied in the form of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). They were tested at the following concentrations (mg dm−3 of NS): silica sol – level I (23.25), level II (31.0); ch-OSA – level I (0.21), level II (0.63); and Se – level I (0.4), level II (0.8). The experiment showed that silicon had stimulating effect on the biometric parameters of control plants cultivated under an optimal water regime. When the plants treated with selenium were exposed to stress, the values of their biometric parameters were generally higher than in the plants treated with silicon. Both silicon and selenium significantly modified the gas exchange parameters. During the growing season, the net photosynthesis activity (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) tended to decrease, but they increased significantly when selenium and silicon were applied. In general, the factors significantly modified the plants’ content of macro- and micronutrients as well as the proportions between them. Both selenium and silicon alleviated the short-term drought stress in French marigolds as a model plant, but when silicon was applied, the positive effect was modified by the source and its concentration.
Synthesis and physicochemical studies of a series of mixed-ligand transition metal complexes and their molecular docking investigations against Coronavirus main protease
Authors: Mohapatra Ranjan K. , Saikishore V. P. , Azam Mohammad , Biswal Susanta K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel series of mixed-ligand complexes of the type, [M(L1)(L2)Cl]·2H2O [L1 = 2-(α-methyl salicylidene hydrazine) benzimidazole (primary ligand), L2 = 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy; secondary ligand), M = Co(ii), Ni(ii), Cu(ii) and Zn(ii)], were based on the physicoanalytical studies. The spectroscopic findings revealed tridentate nature of the Schiff base ligand (L1) and its coordination to the metal ions via azomethine nitrogen, ring nitrogen and the deprotonated phenolic oxygen atoms. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi microorganisms. In addition, molecular docking studies were carried out against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (PDB ID: 4ZS6) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 main protease (PDB ID: 6W63).
On the benefits of structural equation modeling for corpus linguists
Authors: Larsson Tove , Plonsky Luke , Hancock Gregory R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present article aims to introduce structural equation modeling, in particular measured variable path models, and discuss their great potential for corpus linguists. Compared to other techniques commonly employed in the field such as multiple regression, path models are highly flexible and enable testing a priori hypotheses about causal relations between multiple independent and dependent variables. In addition to increased methodological versatility, this technique encourages big-picture, model-based reasoning, thus allowing corpus linguists to move away from the, at times, somewhat overly simplified mindset brought about by the more narrow null-hypothesis significance testing paradigm. The article also includes commentary on corpus linguistics and its trajectory, arguing in favor of increased cumulative knowledge building.
An experimental evaluation of refinement techniques for the subgraph isomorphism backtracking algorithms
Authors: Mihelič Jurij , Čibej Uroš 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study a well-known computationally hard problem, called the subgraph isomorphism problem where the goal is for a given pattern and target graphs to determine whether the pattern is a subgraph of the target graph. Numerous algorithms for solving the problem exist in the literature and most of them are based on the backtracking approach. Since straightforward backtracking is usually slow, many algorithmic refinement techniques are used in practical algorithms. The main goal of this paper is to study such refinement techniques and to determine their ability to speed up backtracking algorithms. To do this we use a methodology of experimental algorithmics. We perform an experimental evaluation of the techniques and their combinations and, hence, demonstrate their usefulness in practice.
Design and Control of 7-DOF Omni-directional Hexapod Robot
Authors: Žák Marek , Rozman Jaroslav , Zbořil František V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Legged robots have great potential to travel across various types of terrain. Their many degrees of freedom enable them to navigate through difficult terrains, narrow spaces or various obstacles and they can move even after losing a leg. However, legged robots mostly move quite slowly. This paper deals with the design and construction of an omni-directional seven degrees of freedom hexapod (i.e., six-legged) robot, which is equipped with omnidirectional wheels (two degrees of freedom are used, one for turning the wheel and one for the wheel itself) usable on flat terrain to increase travel speed and an additional coxa joint that makes the robot more robust when climbing inclined terrains. This unique combination of omnidirectional wheels and additional coxa joint makes the robot not only much faster but also more robust in rough terrains and allows the robot to ride inclined terrains up to 40 degrees and remain statically stable in slopes up to 50 degrees. The robot is controlled by a terrain adaptive movement controller which adjusts the movement speed and the gait of the robot according to terrain conditions.
The Frankel property for self-shrinkers from the viewpoint of elliptic PDEs
Authors: Impera Debora , Pigola Stefano , Rimoldi Michele 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We show that two properly embedded self-shrinkers in Euclidean space that are sufficiently separated at infinity must intersect at a finite point. The proof is based on a localized version of the Reilly formula applied to a suitable f-harmonic function with controlled gradient. In the immersed case, a new direct proof of the generalized half-space property is also presented.
Positive solutions to Schrödinger equations and geometric applications
Authors: Munteanu Ovidiu , Schulze Felix , Wang Jiaping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A variant of Li–Tam theory, which associates to each end of a complete
Riemannian manifold a positive solution of a given Schrödinger equation on
the manifold, is developed. It is demonstrated that such positive solutions
must be of polynomial growth of fixed order under a suitable scaling
invariant Sobolev inequality. Consequently, a finiteness result for the number of ends
follows. In the case when the Sobolev inequality is of particular type, the finiteness result
is proven directly. As an application, an estimate on the number of ends for shrinking
gradient Ricci solitons and submanifolds of Euclidean space is obtained.
Neonate born with ischemic limb to a COVID-19 positive mother: management and review of literature
Authors: Perveen Shahana , Millington Karmaine A. , Acharya Suchitra , Garg Amit , Boyar Vita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To describe challenges in diagnosis and treatment of congenital neonatal gangrene lesions associated with history of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

Case presentation
A preterm neonate was born with upper extremity necrotic lesions and a history of active maternal COVID-19 infection. The etiology of his injury was challenging to deduce, despite extensive hypercoagulability work-up and biopsy of the lesion. Management, including partial forearm salvage and hand amputation is described.

Conclusions
Neonatal gangrene has various etiologies, including compartment syndrome and intrauterine thromboembolic phenomena. Maternal COVID-19 can cause intrauterine thrombotic events and need to be considered in a differential diagnosis.
Perfect matchings and K1,p-restricted graphs
Authors: Irzhavski Pavel A. , Orlovich Yury L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA graph is called K1,p-restricted (p ≥ 3) if for every vertex of the graph there are at least p − 2 edges between any p of its neighbours. We establish sufficient conditions for the existence of a perfect matching in K1,p-restricted graphs in terms of their connectivity and vertex degrees. These conditions imply, in particular, the classical Petersen’s result: any 2-edge-connected 3-regular graph contains a perfect matching.
Das Universale konstruieren: Eine transkulturelle Herausforderung
Authors: Hountondji Paulin J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article starts by critically engaging with exclusion within the hegemonic European philosophical discourses based on racist and civilisational narratives both during the colonial past and in the present. As a counter-strategy, it rejects any defence of peripheral cultures based on particularist narratives or essentialising identities. In this light, it critically discusses the project of ethnophilosophy in the African context. The author defines relativism as a trap that imprisons postcolonial subjects rather than truly liberating them. The project of universalism is neither European nor Eurocentric, but universal in scope, since intellectuals in all cultures make truth-claims. Accordingly, it pleads for conceptualising the universal not as a given that can be embraced or rejected, but as a goal and an infinite horizon that all cultures of the world should work on together.
The effect of the impurities spaces on the quality of structural steel working at variable loads
Authors: Lipiński Tomasz , Ulewicz Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The quality of carbon steels working at variable loads mainly depend of microstructure, but also of impurities. The quantity and morphology of non-metallic inclusions and spaces between impurities are correlated with the content of admixtures in the alloy, while their phase composition and structure, in particular shape, dimensions and dispersion, are determined by the course of metallurgical processes. Non-metallic inclusions as impurities found in steel can affect its performance characteristics. Their impact depends not only on their quality, but also, among others, on their size and distribution in the steel volume. The literature mainly describes the results of tests on hard steels. The article discusses the results of a study investigating the effect of the number of large non-metallic inclusions (over 10 μm in size) on the fatigue strength of structural steel during rotary bending. The study was performed on 6 heats produced in an industrial plant. Fourteen heats were produced in 140 ton electric furnaces. All heats were desulfurized and refined with argon. The experimental variants were compared in view of the tempering the research steel. The fatigue strength of steel with an impurity spaces was determined during rotary bending: the results revealed that fatigue strength is determined by the impurity spaces and tempering temperature.
Sozialökologische Bewegungen in Lateinamerika: Bedeutungen von „Natur“ in Wasserkonflikten in Peru
Authors: Leinius Johanna 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung und den Charakter sozialökologischer Bewegungen in Lateinamerika. Es wird argumentiert, dass Umweltbewegungen in Lateinamerika häufig nicht nur danach streben, ihre ökologisch begründeten Lebensgrundlagen zu schützen. Sie artikulieren potentiell auch andere Realitäten, in denen Natur nicht als Ressource, sondern als handelndes Subjekt und Teil der Gemeinschaft gesehen wird. Am Beispiel des sozialökologischen Konflikts um die Goldmine Yanacocha in der peruanischen Provinz Cajamarca werden solche relationalen Ontologien aufgezeigt und abschließend diskutiert, was die Anerkennung ontologischer Multiplizität für die Bewegungsforschung bedeutet.
Self-compassion in undergraduate nursing: an integrative review
Authors: Hagerman Lisa-Anne , Manankil-Rankin Louela , Schwind Jasna K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To explore self-compassion and its role in supporting well-being, compassionate care, and the academic experience in undergraduate nursing students.

Method
Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) integrative review methodology was used to search articles published between 2007 and 2020, which resulted in 36 articles meeting the inclusion criteria: compassion for self and others, strategies to support self-compassion; and self-compassion and student learning.

Result
Findings indicate that self-compassion may promote compassionate care, personal well-being, resilience, and emotional intelligence while supporting indicators of academic success. Compassion literacy, mindfulness training, and experiential exercises are some of the strategies that could be integrated into nursing curricula to enhance compassion in nursing students for self and others.

Conclusion
Integrating mindfulness and self-compassion in undergraduate curricula requires innovative teaching and learning approaches within a supportive organizational environment. To this end, a Self-Compassion Curricular Model to guide nursing programs is proposed.
Existence of solutions of BVPs for fractional Langevin equations involving Caputo fractional derivatives
Authors: Kiyamehr Zohre , Baghani Hamid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article investigates a nonlinear
fractional Caputo–Langevin equation

D
β

⁢

(

D
α

+
λ

)

⁢
x
⁢

(
t
)

=

f
⁢

(
t
,

x
⁢

(
t
)

)

,

0
<
t
<
1

,

0
<
α
≤
1

,

1
<
β
≤
2

,

D^{\beta}(D^{\alpha}+\lambda)x(t)=f(t,x(t)),\quad 0<t<1,\,0<\alpha\leq 1,\,1<%
\beta\leq 2,

subject to the multi-point boundary conditions

x
⁢

(
0
)

=
0

,

𝒟

2
⁢
α

⁢
x
⁢

(
1
)

+

λ
⁢

𝒟
α

⁢
x
⁢

(
1
)

=
0

,

x
⁢

(
1
)

=

∫
0
η

x
⁢

(
τ
)

⁢

𝑑
τ

for some
⁢
0

<
η
<
1

,

x(0)=0,\qquad\mathcal{D}^{2\alpha}x(1)+\lambda\mathcal{D^{\alpha}}x(1)=0,%
\qquad x(1)=\int_{0}^{\eta}x(\tau)\,d\tau\quad\text{for some }0<\eta<1,

where

D
α

{D^{\alpha}}

is the Caputo fractional derivative
of order α,

f
:

[
0
,
1
]

×
ℝ

→
ℝ

{f:[0,1]\times\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}}

is a given continuous
function, and λ is a real number.
Some new existence and uniqueness
results are obtained by applying an interesting fixed point theorem.
Construction of complex potentials for multiply connected domain
Authors: Ivanshin Pyotr N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The method of reduction of a Fredholm integral equation to the linear system is generalized to construction of a complex potential – an analytic function in an unbounded multiply connected domain with a simple pole at infinity which maps the domain onto a plane with horizontal slits.
We consider a locally sourceless, locally irrotational flow on an arbitrary given 𝑛-connected unbounded domain with impermeable boundary.
The complex potential has the form of a Cauchy integral with one linear and 𝑛 logarithmic summands.
The method is easily computable.
Law, Mercy, and Reconciliation in the Achaemenid Empire
Authors: Beckman Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe kings of the Achaemenid Empire are known for employing a number of particularly gruesome punishments for those who were deemed guilty of rebellion. While it is certainly true that the Achaemenids punished rebels with utmost severity, it is also true that they were, at times, willing to forgive rebels, and even to rehabilitate them. In this paper, I investigate the mechanisms by which the Achaemenid kings were able to show mercy to rebels. By examining a number of relevant cases from a period of a century and a half, I argue that the decision to be merciful was based on the king’s familial or social relationship with the rebel, the rebel’s relative strength vis-à-vis the king, the geography of the revolt, and the presence of other external factors which might also restrict the king’s powers. By a comparison with royal inscriptions and texts found throughout the empire, I demonstrate the ways in which these reconciliations stood apart from, and even in contradiction to, administrative and ideological norms concerning law and justice within the Achaemenid Empire. Finally, by reviewing the traditions and attitudes towards justice and mercy among the Achaemenids' Near Eastern predecessors, I put this policy in historical context and show that it is a unique response to a problem faced by other ancient empires.
Risk, chance and danger in Classical Greek writing on battle
Authors: Konijnendijk Roel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article highlights two aspects of the language used in Classical Greek literary sources to discuss pitched battle. First, the sources regularly use unqualified forms of the verbkinduneuein, “to take a risk,” when they mean fighting a battle. They do so especially in contexts of deliberation about the need to fight. Second, they often describe the outcome of major engagements in terms of luck, fate, and random chance, at the explicit expense of human agency. Taken together, these aspects of writing on war suggest that pitched battle was seen as an inherently risky course of action with unacceptably unpredictable results, which was therefore best avoided. Several examples show that the decision to fight was indeed evaluated in such terms. This practice casts further doubt on the traditional view that Greek armies engaged in pitched battles as a matter of principle.
Molecular docking study of flavonoid compounds for possible matrix metalloproteinase-13 inhibition
Authors: Taherkhani Amir , Moradkhani Shirin , Orangi Athena , Jalalvand Alireza , Khamverdi Zahra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been reported to be involved in different biological processes such as degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, activating or degrading some significant regulatory proteins, wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization, ossification, cell migration, and tumor cell invasion. Further, MMP-13 participates in many oral diseases such as tooth decay, gingivitis, and degradation of enamel and tissue around the implant. In addition, inhibition of MMP-13 has shown therapeutic properties for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We performed molecular docking to assess the binding affinity of 29 flavonoid compounds with the MMP-13. Additionally, pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of the top-ranked flavonoids were studied. The current study also intended to identify the most important amino acids involved in the inhibition of MMP-13 based on topological feature (degree) in the ligand-amino acid network for MMP-13.

Methods
Molecular docking and network analysis were studied using AutoDock and Cytoscape software, respectively. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of compounds were predicted using bioinformatics web tools.

Results
The results revealed that nine of the studied flavonoids had considerable estimated free energy of binding and inhibition constant: Rutin, nicotiflorin, orientin, vitexin, apigenin-7-glucoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin-3-rhamnoside, and vicenin-2. Proline-242 was found to be the most important amino acid inhibiting the enzyme.

Conclusions
The results of the current study may be helpful in the prevention and therapeutic procedures of many disorders such as cancer, tooth caries, and AD. Nevertheless, validation tests are required in the future.
Therapeutic clinical trials to combat COVID-19 pandemic in India: analysis from trial registry
Authors: Batta Angelika , Khirasaria Raj , Kapoor Vinod , Varshney Deepansh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
With the emergence of Novel corona virus, hunt for finding a preventive and therapeutic treatment options has already begun at a rapid pace with faster clinical development programs. The present study was carried out to give an insight of therapeutic interventional trials registered under clinical trial registry of India (CTRI) for COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
All trials registered under CTRI were evaluated using keyword “COVID” from its inception till 9th June 2020. Out of which, therapeutic interventional studies were chosen for further analysis. Following information was collected for each trial: type of therapeutic intervention (preventive/therapeutic), treatment given, no. of centers (single center/multicentric), type of institution (government/private), study design (randomized/single-blinded/double-blinded) and sponsors (Government/private). Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was used for tabulation and analysis.

Results
The search yielded total of 205 trials, out of which, 127 (62%) trials were interventional trials. Out of these, 71 (56%) were AYUSH interventions, 36 (28.3%) tested drugs, 9 (7%) tested a nondrug intervention, rest were nutraceuticals and vaccines. About 66 (56%) were therapeutic trials. Majority were single-centered trials, i.e. 87 (73.7%). Trials were government funded in 57 (48.3%) studies. Majority were randomized controlled trials, i.e. 67 (56.8%). AYUSH preparations included AYUSH-64, Arsenic Album, SamshamaniVati etc.

Conclusions
The number of therapeutic interventional clinical trials was fair in India. A clear-cut need exists for an increase in both quantity and quality of clinical trials for COVID-19. Drug repurposing approach in all systems of medicine can facilitate prompt clinical decisions at lower costs than de novo drug development.