bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Algemene wet gelijke behandeling als mijlpaal in de geschiedenis van de Nederlandse homo-emancipatie
Authors: Swiebel Joke 
Published: September 2020

The General Equal Treatment Law – a milestone in gay history in the Netherlands
The General Equal Treatment Law – adopted in 1994 – is a landmark in the history of homosexual emancipation in the Netherlands. It took two decades before the first proposals for a legal ban of discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation would be transformed into law. Background of this controversy is the clash between the equalityprinciple and the freedom of education. The compromise reached – the so-called single fact-construction – however sent a double message: being gay was not a justified reason for unequal treatment, but some forms of behaviour were incorporated as a legal exception. It took another twenty years before this flaw in the law would be changed.This article analyses the political debates behind these legal developments. What was the problem that the various drafts for this new legislation were supposed to solve? Which definitions of discrimination on the basis of homosexuality were used and how did they change over time? The adoption of the law and its ‘reparation’ twenty years later are mainly a question of symbolic politics. They reflect the development of the growing acceptance of homosexuality in Dutch society and have stimulated its further growth. Their actual legal effects seem far less important.
Rechten voor dieren
Authors: Eskens Erno 
Published: September 2020

Animals Rights and the Constitution
Animals Rights are sometimes seen as unpractical. Some critics expect they will result in an overwhelming bureaucracy. Furthermore, critics point out, it is impossible to make legal arrangements that are coherent and non-contradictory. Most of these concerns are exaggerated. We do not have to devise a whole new legal system. We just need a couple of court cases to get legal clarity and many laws originally meant for humans are easily applicable to other living beings. Keeping animals out of our legal systems meanwhile goes against the constitution. In most democratic countries the constitution states that we may not discriminate on irrelevant factors as race, gender, birth, ‘or on any other ground’. This implies, in my view, that discrimination based on species is not allowed. Equal interests simply should be weighed equal, regardless of the bearer of these interests.
ACM-besluit gemeente Heumen: de overheid als onderneming?
Authors: Dekker Cees 
Published: September 2020

ACM-besluit gemeente Heumen: de overheid als onderneming?
In deze zaak beoordeelt de ACM in het kader van de Wet Markt en Overheid een minnelijke verwerving in het kader van een onteigening als een economische activiteit. Tevens is de ACM van oordeel dat een exploitatiebijdrage die een overheid verstrekt aan een exploitant van door de overheid verhuurde infrastructuur moet worden verrekend met de huur die de overheid in rekening brengt. Met de toetsing die de ACM in deze zaak uitvoert, rekt de ACM de reikwijdte van de Wet Markt en Overheid aanzienlijk op en treedt zij in een beoordeling van subsidies.
Perilaku eksternalisasi anak rumah susun sederhana Leuwigajah Cimahi dalam optimalisasi ruang terbuka hijau
Authors: Rahajuni Irmina Adiningrih , Moeliono Marisa Fransiska , Srisayekti Wilis 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian perilaku externalizing anak berkaitan pemanfaatan optimalisasi ruang terbuka hijau di rumah susun sederhana Leuwigajah Cimahi. Mayoritas anak beraktivitas di selasar rumah susun dengan kondisi ruang minimalis. Sesekali mereka memanfaatkan ruang terbuka hijau, namun bagi anak yang tinggal di lantai 2 dan 3 sangat jarang mengoptimalkan ruang tersebut. Hipotesis yang diajukan partisipan akan menunjukkan perilaku externalizing: (1) perilaku melanggar aturan, mengganggu (delinquent behavior), (2) perilaku agresif (aggressive behavior). Sebagai subjek, Â penelitian ini melibatkan 42 anak usia 6-12 tahun yang tinggal di rumah susun dengan berbagai latar belakang orang tua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode observasi, metode wawancara dan pemberian kuesioner CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist). Setelah orang tua mengisi kuesioner, peneliti melakukan pengamatan pada anak yang biasa hanya bermain di seputar selasar rumah lalu berinteraksi di ruang terbuka hijau dengan teman sebaya. Hasil penelitian memberi konfirmasi bahwa 20 anak pada kategori normal, 5 anak kategori borderline, 17 anak kategori klinis dan hanya 11 anak memanfaatkan ruang terbuka hijau.Â Kata kunci: Perilaku Externalizing, Rusuna Cimahi, Ruang terbuka hijau.
A Crise do Sistema Carcerário Brasileiro em Perspectiva
Authors: Santos Suélen Daianna Silva 
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o sistema prisional brasileiro sob uma perspectiva crítica, bem como suas caracterizações e os principais problemas por ele enfrentados. A investigação ora empreendida ostenta natureza jurídico-descritiva, oscilando entre os métodos hipotético-dedutivo e indutivo, por meio da análise de fontes indiretas e de pesquisa eminentemente bibliográfica. Primeiramente, o trabalho aborda a origem e a evolução das prisões na História Geral do Direito e no âmbito jurídico brasileiro. A seguir, o estudo expõe seu marco teórico, que se funda na vertente da Criminologia Crítica. Feito isso, a dogmática e os regramentos jurídicos aplicáveis à execução penal são objetos de análise, assim como dados estatísticos e sociológicos sobre a situação carcerária atualmente vivenciada pelo Brasil. Com base neste percurso, a monografia evidencia a crise que acomete o sistema prisional na contemporaneidade, desenvolvendo uma reflexão a respeito da discriminação social enfrentada pelos ex-detentos, destacando-se os problemas impostos à sua ressocialização.
The Role of Estrogens in Rheumatoid Arthritis Physiopathology
Authors: Fernanda Romo-García Maria , Zapata-Zuñiga Martín , Antonio Enciso-Moreno José , Enrique Castañeda-Delgado Julio 
Published: September 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease that can lead to irreversible disability. It affects women in a higher proportion than men (3:1 cases). Several reports suggest a link between female sexual hormones (estrogens) and RA features. It’s been described that biological processes where basal estrogen levels are altered like in menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause modifies RA onset, flare, disease severity, and inflammation. Estrogens have a direct action upon the immune system though ERα and ERβ receptors, which have distinct affinity to estrogen concentrations and modifications and have effects upon RA in a dose and receptor dependent manner. The studies focused on dose dependent response at experimental settings reveal a wide (from 25 pg/L to several μg/L) and even contradictory spectrum of effects in patients and cells. This chapter summarizes the contributions and effects of estrogens in RA physiopathology, clinical features, and discusses the possible contributions of estrogen administration and concentration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to improve the quality of life and reduce the symptoms of RA patients based on the knowledge of the biology of these hormones.
Infrastructural Brutalism
Authors: Truscello Michael 
Published: September 2020

How “drowned town” literature, road movies, energy landscape photography, and “death train” narratives represent the brutality of industrial infrastructures.
In this book, Michael Truscello looks at the industrial infrastructure not as an invisible system of connectivity and mobility that keeps capitalism humming in the background but as a manufactured miasma of despair, toxicity, and death. Truscello terms this “infrastructural brutalism”—a formulation that not only alludes to the historical nexus of infrastructure and the concrete aesthetic of Brutalist architecture but also describes the ecological, political, and psychological brutality of industrial infrastructures.
Truscello explores the necropolitics of infrastructure—how infrastructure determines who may live and who must die—through the lens of artistic media. He examines the white settler nostalgia of “drowned town” fiction written after the Tennessee Valley Authority flooded rural areas for hydroelectric projects; argues that the road movie represents a struggle with liberal governmentality; considers the ruins of oil capitalism, as seen in photographic landscapes of postindustrial waste; and offers an account of “death train narratives” ranging from the history of the Holocaust to postapocalyptic fiction. Finally, he calls for “brisantic politics,” a culture of unmaking that is capable of slowing the advance of capitalist suicide. “Brisance” refers to the shattering effect of an explosive, but Truscello uses the term to signal a variety of practices for defeating infrastructural power. Brisantic politics, he warns, would require a reorientation of radical politics toward infrastructure, sabotage, and cascading destruction in an interconnected world.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Clinical implications of plasma circulating tumor DNA in gynecologic cancer patients
Authors: Charo Lindsey M. , Eskander Ramez N. , Okamura Ryosuke , Patel Sandip P. , Nikanjam Mina , Lanman Richard B. , Piccioni David E. , Kato Shumei , McHale Michael T. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: September 2020

Molecular characterization of cancers is important in dictating prognostic factors and directing therapy. Next‐generation sequencing of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers less invasive, more convenient collection, and a more real‐time representation of a tumor and its molecular heterogeneity than tissue. However, little is known about the clinical implications of ctDNA assessment in gynecologic cancer. We describe the molecular landscape identified on ctDNA, ctDNA concordance with tissue‐based analysis, and factors associated with overall survival (OS) in gynecologic cancer patients with ctDNA analysis. We reviewed clinicopathologic and genomic information for 105 consecutive gynecologic cancer patients with ctDNA analysis, including 78 with tissue‐based sequencing, enrolled in the Profile‐Related Evidence Determining Individualized Cancer Therapy (NCT02478931) trial at the University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center starting July 2014. Tumors included ovarian (47.6%), uterine (35.2%), cervical (12.4%), vulvovaginal (2.9%), and unknown gynecologic primary (1.9%). Most ovarian and uterine cancers (86%) were high grade. 34% (N = 17) of ovarian cancers hadBRCAalterations, and 22% (N = 11) were platinum sensitive. Patients received median 2 (range 0–13) lines of therapy prior to ctDNA collection. Most (75.2%) had at least one characterized alteration on ctDNA analysis, and the majority had unique genomic profiles on ctDNA. Most common alterations wereTP53(N = 59, 56.2% of patients),PIK3CA(N = 26, 24.8%),KRAS(N = 14, 13.3%),BRAF(N = 10, 9.5%),ERBB2(N = 8, 7.6%), andMYC(N = 8, 7.6%). Higher ctDNA maximum mutation allele frequency was associated with worse OS [hazard ratio (HR): 1.91,P = 0.03], while therapy matched to ctDNA alterations (N = 33 patients) was independently associated with improved OS (HR: 0.34,P = 0.007) compared to unmatched therapy (N = 28 patients) in multivariate analysis. Tissue and ctDNA genomic results showed high concordance unaffected by temporal or spatial factors. This study provides evidence for the utility of ctDNA in determining outcome and individualizing cancer therapy in patients with gynecologic cancer.
Indicators Definition: Weighting Criteria in Social Indexes
Authors: Ivaldi Enrico , Ciacci Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The knowledge of the possible implications of applying a specific method of weight assignment is a fundamental asset for researchers. It is related to their ability to act preventively to avoid incurring methodological errors.
Depending on the phenomenon under investigation, the researcher should take the necessary precautions not to alter the validity of the analysis, thus bringing the object of study closer to the tangible reality.
If a sample is analyzed, it is necessary to ensure that the theoretical framework of reference is not contradicted because of an unjustified attribution of weights. Researchers should be able to prepare a system of weights suitable for the analysis of a given phenomenon in respect of the differentiated needs of the different social and territorial realities. Assuming that it is not possible to identify a single weighting method that can be adapted to any circumstance, it is necessary for the researchers to identify the optimal weighting solutions, orienting themselves within a complex framework.
This article is intended to offer a theoretical reference on the many weighting systems currently identified and accepted by the most authoritative academic literature.
Support Vector Regression
Authors: Moguerza Javier M. , Muñoz Alberto , Venturini Gabriel M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, we introduce the key ideas of Support Vector Regression. Firstly, we present the method from a regularization perspective. Then, we show the optimization problems that arise from the regularization functional and provide a geometrical description of the method. Next, we discuss the relation of this methodology to other modern regression techniques based on regularization theory. Finally, we describe some software implementations.
Data Visualization in Reliability of Repairable Systems: The SiZer Map Tool
Authors: Gámiz María L. , López‐Montoya Antonio J. , Martínez‐Miranda María D. , Raya‐Miranda Rocío 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, the graphical exploratory tool SiZer Map is constructed for the inference of the rate of occurrences of events that follow a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. SiZer Map is defined considering nonparametric local linear kernel estimators for the rate function and its first derivative. The bandwidth parameter is the viewing scale, and the considered time interval is the localization space. The shape characteristics of the rate function are distinguished from those which are merely an artifact of the sampling variability of the data through confidence intervals for the first derivative. The proposal is illustrated with some real data sets that represent recurrent events in time.
Statistical Tests for the Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium
Authors: Graffelman Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Hardy–Weinberg law is a fundamental population‐genetic principle. A biological population is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium if its genotype and allele frequencies remain unchanged over the generations. Given a set of assumptions, this equilibrium state is reached in one generation of random mating. This article introduces the Hardy–Weinberg law from a statistical perspective and summarizes the most important statistical procedures used for testing for Hardy–Weinberg proportions in the current generation, for both bi‐ and multiallelic genetic variants. Asymptotic chi‐square tests, exact tests, permutation tests, and Bayesian procedures are presented. Some measures of disequilibrium are discussed, and biallelic test procedures are illustrated with genetic data from the 1000 Genomes Project.
Bayesian Analysis of Terrorist Activities
Authors: White Gentry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTerrorism presents many technical challenges to analyze and understand. Patterns of terrorist events over time are one especially challenging aspect. Events appear to occur at random intervals, as well as in clusters. These phenomena can be modeled using a cluster process version of a Hawkes self‐exciting process model for the convolution of two point processes. In the case where the two processes are both Poisson point processes, evaluating the convolution is straightforward. In many cases, the distribution of the total number of events may be overdispersed. In this instance, the total number of events should be modeled as the convolution of two negative‐binomial processes or the convolution of a Poisson process and a negative‐binomial process. In this case, a Bayesian hierarchical model can be used to evaluate the convolution and avoid excessive computational burdens. This model is illustrated using daily event data from the Global Terrorism Database for the country of Colombia for the period from 2000 through 2018.
ATP‐Responsive and ATP‐Fueled Self‐Assembling Systems and Materials
Authors: Deng Jie , Walther Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a central metabolite that plays an indispensable role in various cellular processes, from energy supply to cell‐to‐cell signaling. Nature has developed sophisticated strategies to use the energy stored in ATP for many metabolic and non‐equilibrium processes, and to sense and bind ATP for biological signaling. The variations in the ATP concentrations from one organelle to another, from extracellular to intracellular environments, and from normal cells to cancer cells are one motivation for designing ATP‐triggered and ATP‐fueled systems and materials, because they show great potential for applications in biological systems by using ATP as a trigger or chemical fuel. Over the last decade, ATP has been emerging as an attractive co‐assembling component for man‐made stimuli‐responsive as well as for fuel‐driven active systems and materials. Herein, current advances and emerging concepts for ATP‐triggered and ATP‐fueled self‐assemblies and materials are discussed, shedding light on applications and highlighting future developments. By bringing together concepts of different domains, that is from supramolecular chemistry to DNA nanoscience, from equilibrium to non‐equilibrium self‐assembly, and from fundamental sciences to applications, the aim is to cross‐fertilize current approaches with the ultimate aim to bring synthetic ATP‐dependent systems closer to living systems.
Self‐Densification of Highly Mesoporous Wood Structure into a Strong and Transparent Film
Authors: Li Kai , Wang Shennan , Chen Hui , Yang Xuan , Berglund Lars A. , Zhou Qi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the native wood cell wall, cellulose microfibrils are highly aligned and organized in the secondary cell wall. A new preparation strategy is developed to achieve individualization of cellulose microfibrils within the wood cell wall structure without introducing mechanical disintegration. The resulting mesoporous wood structure has a high specific surface area of 197 m2 g−1 when prepared by freeze‐drying using liquid nitrogen, and 249 m2 g−1 by supercritical drying. These values are 5 to 7 times higher than conventional delignified wood (36 m2 g−1) dried by supercritical drying. Such highly mesoporous structure with individualized cellulose microfibrils maintaining their natural alignment and organization can be processed into aerogels with high porosity and high compressive strength. In addition, a strong film with a tensile strength of 449.1 ± 21.8 MPa and a Young's modulus of 51.1 ± 5.2 GPa along the fiber direction is obtained simply by air drying owing to the self‐densification of cellulose microfibrils driven by the elastocapillary forces upon water evaporation. The self‐densified film also shows high optical transmittance (80%) and high optical haze (70%) with interesting biaxial light scattering behavior owing to the natural alignment of cellulose microfibrils.
Sensitive and Stable 2D Perovskite Single‐Crystal X‐ray Detectors Enabled by a Supramolecular Anchor
Authors: Li Huayang , Song Jinmei , Pan Wanting , Xu Daren , Zhu Wan‐an , Wei Haotong , Yang Bai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerovskite X‐ray detectors have been demonstrated to be sensitive to soft X‐rays (<80 keV) for potential medical imaging applications. However, developing X‐ray detectors that are stable and sensitive to hard X‐rays (80 to 120 keV) for practical medical imaging is highly desired. Here, a sensitive 2D fluorophenethylammonium lead iodide ((F‐PEA)2PbI4) perovskite single‐crystal hard‐X‐ray detector from low‐cost solution processes is reported. Dipole interaction of organic ions promotes the ordering of benzene rings as well as the supramolecular electrostatic interaction between electron‐deficient F atoms with neighbor benzene rings. Supramolecular interactions serve as a supramolecular anchor to stabilize and tune the electronic properties of single crystals. The 2D (F‐PEA)2PbI4 perovskite single crystal exhibits an intrinsic property with record bulk resistivity of 1.36 × 1012 Ω cm, which brings a low device noise for hard X‐ray detection. Meanwhile, the ion‐migration phenomenon is effectively suppressed, even under the large applied bias of 200 V, by blocking the ion migration paths after anchoring. Consequently, the (F‐PEA)2PbI4 single crystal detector yields a sensitivity of 3402 μC Gy−1air cm−2 to 120 keVp hard X‐rays with lowest detectable X‐ray dose rate of 23 nGyair s−1, outperforming the dominating CsI scintillator of commercial digital radiography systems by acquiring clear X‐ray images under much lower dose rate. In addition, the detector shows high operation stability under extremely high‐flux X‐ray irradiation.
ATM‐Dependent Recruitment of BRD7 is required for Transcriptional Repression and DNA Repair at DNA Breaks Flanking Transcriptional Active Regions
Authors: Hu Kaishun , Li Yu , Wu Wenjing , Xie Limin , Yan Haiyan , Cai Yuexin , Chen Dong , Jiang Qiongchao , Lin Lehang , Chen Zhen , Liao Jian‐You , Zhang Yin , Koeffler H. Phillip , Yin Dong , Song Erwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRepair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) is essential for genome integrity, and is accompanied by transcriptional repression at the DSB regions. However, the mechanisms how DNA repair induces transcriptional inhibition remain elusive. Here, it is identified that BRD7 participates in DNA damage response (DDR) and is recruited to the damaged chromatin via ATM signaling. Mechanistically, BRD7 joins the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NuRD) complex at the damaged DNA and recruits E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168 to the DSBs. Furthermore, ATM‐mediated BRD7 phosphorylation is required for recruitment of the PRC2 complex, NuRD complex, DSB sensor complex MRE11‐RAD50‐NBS1 (MRN), and RNF168 to the active transcription sites at DSBs, resulting in transcriptional repression and DNA repair. Moreover, BRD7 deficiency sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibition. Collectively, BRD7 is crucial for DNA repair and DDR‐mediated transcription repression, which may serve as a therapeutic target. The findings identify the missing link between DNA repair and transcription regulation that maintains genome integrity.