bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting report – Nuclear and cytoplasmic molecular machines at work
Authors: Bullock Simon L. , Visa Neus , Pederson Thoru 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
This report summarizes an international conference on molecular machines convened at New York University, Abu Dhabi by Piergiorgio Percipalle, George Shubeita and Serdal Kirmizialtin. The meeting was conceived around the epistemological question of what do we understand, or not understand (if we have open minds), about the degree to which cells operate by the individual actions of single enzymes or non-catalytic protein effectors, versus combinations of these in which their heterotypic association creates an entity that is more finely tuned and efficient – a machine. This theme was explored through a vivid series of talks, summarizing the latest findings on macromolecular complexes that operate in the nucleus or cytoplasm.
No Sex Difference in Mental Fatigue Effect on High-Level Runners’ Aerobic Performance
Authors: Lopes THIAGO RIBEIRO , OLIVEIRA DIOGO MACHADO , SIMURRO PAULA BRANDÃO , AKIBA HENRIQUE TERUO , NAKAMURA FÁBIO YUZO , OKANO ALEXANDRE HIDEKI , DIAS ÁLVARO MACHADO , SILVA BRUNO MOREIRA 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Some evidence suggests that sedentary women may be more vulnerable to cognitive task-induced mental fatigue. Mental fatigue, in turn, may worse aerobic exercise performance, presumably via increased perceived effort. However, it remains unclear whether acute mental fatigue induction increases perceived effort and worsens endurance performance in high-level professional athletes and whether such effects are influenced by sex.

Methods
We studied 30 athletes (15 women and 16 men) in a single-blinded, randomized, controlled and crossover protocol. In separate visits, athletes either performed a 45-min cognitive task (Stroop’s color–word conflict test) to induce mental fatigue or watched a 45-min documentary as control. Then athletes performed a time-to-exhaustion test on a treadmill.

Results
Perceptual measures and cognitive performance indicated that the prolonged cognitive task induced a similar mental fatigue state in women and men. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to the TEE did not change with mental fatigue in both sexes. Mental fatigue increased perceived effort during the time-to-exhaustion test, anticipated attainment of maximal effort, and shortened time to exhaustion similarly in women and men (mean ± SE, −27.3 ± 20.9 s for women vs −26.7 ± 15.1 s for men; P = 0.98).

Conclusions
The prolonged cognitive task provoked mental fatigue, anticipated attainment of maximal perceived effort, and worsened aerobic performance in professional runners with no sex differences. Although we did not contrasted athletes with nonathletes, our results suggest that being an athlete may somehow prevent women from developing greater mental fatigue and suffering more from its underlying effects compared with men.
Prevention of Decompression Sickness by Novel Artificial Oxygen Carriers
Authors: MAYER DIRK , GUERRERO FRANÇOIS , GOANVEC CHRISTELLE , HETZEL LISA , LINDERS JÜRGEN , LJUBKOVIC MARKO , KRECZY ALFONS , MAYER CHRISTIAN , KIRSCH MICHAEL , FERENZ KATJA BETTINA 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
For three decades, studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of perfluorocarbon (PFC) in reducing the onset of decompression trauma. However, none of these emulsion-based preparations are accepted for therapeutic use in the western world, mainly because of severe side effects and a long organ retention time. A new development to guarantee a stable dispersion without these disadvantages is the encapsulation of PFC in nanocapsules with an albumin shell.

Purpose
Newly designed albumin-derived perfluorocarbon-based artificial oxygen carriers (A-AOC) are used in a rodent in vivo model as a preventive therapy for decompression sickness (DCS).

Methods
Thirty-seven rats were treated with A-AOC (n = 12), albumin nanocapsules filled with neutral oil (A-O-N, n = 12), or 5% human serum albumin solution (A-0-0, n = 13) before a simulated dive. Eleven rats, injected with A-AOC, stayed at normal pressure (A-AOC surface). Clinical, laboratory, and histological evaluations were performed.

Results
The occurrence of DCS depended on the treatment group. A-AOC significantly reduced DCS appearance and mortality. Furthermore, a significant improvement of survival time was found (A-AOC compared with A-0-0). Histological assessment of A-AOC-dive compared with A-0-0-dive animals revealed significantly higher accumulation of macrophages, but less blood congestion in the spleen and significantly less hepatic circulatory disturbance, vacuolization, and cell damage. Compared with nondiving controls, lactate and myoglobin showed a significant increase in the A-0-0- but not in the A-AOC-dive group.

Conclusion
Intravenous application of A-AOC was well tolerated and effective in reducing the occurrence of DCS, and animals showed significantly higher survival rates and less symptoms compared with the albumin group (A-0-0). Analysis of histological results and fast reacting plasma parameters confirmed the preventive properties of A-AOC.
Evaluation of a low-dose protocol for cone beam computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Iskanderani Durer , Nilsson Mats , Alstergren Per , Shi Xie-Qi , Hellen-halme Kristina 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Evaluation of cone beam CT (CBCT) examination with a low-dose scanning protocol for assessment of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: 34 adult patients referred for CBCT imaging of the TMJ underwent two examinations with two scanning protocols, a manufacturer-recommended protocol (default) and a low-dose protocol where the tube current was reduced to 20% of the default protocol. Three image stacks were reconstructed: default protocol, low-dose protocol, and processed (using a noise reduction algorithm) low-dose protocol. Four radiologists evaluated the images. The Sign test was used to evaluate visibility of TMJ anatomic structures and image quality. Receiver operating characteristic analyzes were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy. κ values were used to evaluate intraobserver agreement. Results: With the low-dose and processed protocols, visibility of the TMJ anatomical structures and overall image quality were comparable to the default protocol. No significant differences in radiographic findings were found for the two low-dose protocols compared to the default protocol. The area under the curves (Az) averaged for the low-dose and processed protocols, according to all observers, were 0.931 and 0.941, respectively. Intraobserver agreement was good to very good. Conclusion: For the CBCT unit used in this study, the low-dose CBCT protocol for TMJ examination was diagnostically comparable to the manufacturer-recommended protocol, but delivered a five times lower radiation dose. There is an urgent need to evaluate protocols for CBCT examinations of TMJ in order to optimize them for a radiation dose as low as diagnostically acceptable (the as low as diagnostically acceptable principle recommended by NCRP).
Surveillance of respiratory viruses among children attending a primary school in rural coastal Kenya
Authors: Adema Irene Wangwa , Kamau Everlyn , Uchi Nyiro Joyce , Otieno Grieven P. , Lewa Clement , Munywoki Patrick K. , Nokes D. James 
Published: April 2020

Background: Respiratory viruses are primary agents of respiratory tract diseases. Knowledge on the types and frequency of respiratory viruses affecting school-children is important in determining the role of schools in transmission in the community and identifying targets for interventions. Methods: We conducted a one-year (term-time) surveillance of respiratory viruses in a rural primary school in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya between May 2017 and April 2018. A sample of 60 students with symptoms of ARI were targeted for nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) collection weekly. Swabs were screened for 15 respiratory virus targets using real time PCR diagnostics. Data from respiratory virus surveillance at the local primary healthcare facility was used for comparison. Results: Overall, 469 students aged 2-19 years were followed up for 220 days. A total of 1726 samples were collected from 325 symptomatic students; median age of 7 years (IQR 5-11). At least one virus target was detected in 384 (22%) of the samples with a frequency of 288 (16.7%) for rhinovirus, 47 (2.7%) parainfluenza virus, 35 (2.0%) coronavirus, 15 (0.9%) adenovirus, 11 (0.6%) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and 5 (0.3%) influenza virus. The proportion of virus positive samples was higher among lower grades compared to upper grades (25.9% vs 17.5% respectively; χ2 = 17.2, P -value <0.001). Individual virus target frequencies did not differ by age, sex, grade, school term or class size. Rhinovirus was predominant in both the school and outpatient setting. Conclusion: Multiple respiratory viruses circulated in this rural school population. Rhinovirus was dominant in both the school and outpatient setting and RSV was of notably low frequency in the school. The role of school children in transmitting viruses to the household setting is still unclear and further studies linking molecular data to contact patterns between the school children and their households are required.
Apply the Acoustoelastic Method to Determine Residual Stresses in Welded Joints
Authors: Kamyshev Arkady , Danilov Aleksandr , Pasmanik Lev , Getman Aleksandr , Kuzmin Dmitry , Guba Sergey , Khorev Vitaly , Modestov Viktor , Evtyunin Dmitry 
Published: April 2020

The problem of maximum stresses estimation in the weld metal, where the direct measurements are not possible due to the influence of the metal structure on the measurement error, was solved. The influence of features of welding joints manufacturing technology on the structure of the weld metal was also determined.
We use several reference welded joints of pipelines at nuclear power plants in our studies. Instrumental estimation of acoustoelasticity parameters in the weld metal in welded joints and in adjacent areas of the base metal was used together with computational modeling of the residual welding stresses distributions.
Results obtained demonstrate that the error of stress measurement in the metal in the joint, which is related to the structure of the weld metal, is comparable to the material yield strength. Due to that a direct measurement of the maximum values of welding stresses is not possible.
Comparison of results of acoustoelasticity parameters measurements with results of the metal macrostructure studies and mechanical tests allowed us to determine the relationship between peculiarities of structure of the weld metal sections at vertical joints with their tendency to brittle destruction.
We propose and justify the NDT method of residual welding stresses in the weld metal. It is based on the principle of residual stresses balancing and employs the results of stress measurements in the base metal by acoustoelasticity. Applicability of non-destructive testing of acoustoelasticity parameters to identify the areas of welded joints with a higher tendency to brittle fracture is also justified.
Robust seam tracking via a deep learning framework combining tracking and detection
Authors: Zou Yanbiao , Lan Rui , Wei Xianzhong , Chen Jiaxin 
Published: April 2020

To address the problem of low welding precision caused by possible disturbances, e.g., strong arc lights, welding splashes, and thermally induced deformations, in complex unstructured welding environments, a method based on a deep learning framework that combines visual tracking and object detection is proposed. First, a welding image patch is directly fed into a convolutional long short-term memory network, which preserves the target’s spatial structure and is efficient in terms of memory use, with the aim of avoiding some disturbances. Second, we take advantage of features from various convolutional neural network layers and determine weld feature points through similarity matching among multiple feature layers. However, feeding in noisy images causes the tracker to accumulate interference information, which results in model drift. Thus, using a welding seam detection network, the object filter is periodically reinitialized to improve tracking accuracy and robustness. Experimental results show that the welding torch runs smoothly with a strong arc light and welding splash interference and that tracking error can reach

±

0

.
5

m
m

, which is sufficient to satisfy actual welding requirements. The advantages of our algorithm are validated through several comparative experiments.
III/V silicon hybrid laser based on a resonant Bragg structure
Authors: Davis Jordan A. , Kim Myun Sik , El Amili Abdelkrim , Trotter Douglas C. , Starbuck Andrew L. , Dallo Christina , Pomerene Andrew T. , DeRose Christopher T. , Lentine Anthony L. , Fainman Yeshaiahu 
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate a laser tunable in intensity with gigahertz tuning speed
based on a III/V reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA)
coupled to a silicon photonic chip. The silicon chip contains a
Bragg-based Fabry–Perot resonator to form a passive bandpass filter
within its stopband to enable single-mode operation of the laser. We
observe a side mode suppression ratio of 43 dB, linewidth of 790 kHz,
and an optical output power of 1.65 mW around 1530 nm. We also
investigate using a micro-ball lens as an alternative coupling method
between the RSOA and the silicon chip.
Do Changes in Fitness Status, Testosterone Concentration, and Anthropometric Characteristics Across a 16-Month Training Period Influence Technical Performance of Youth Soccer Players During Small-Sided Games?
Authors: Rodrigues Lopes Rafael A. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Carling Christopher , Vaz Ronque Enio Ricardo , Moreira Alexandre 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rodrigues Lopes, RA, Aoki, MS, Carling, C, Vaz Ronque, ER, and Moreira, A. Do changes in fitness status, testosterone concentration, and anthropometric characteristics across a 16-month training period influence technical performance of youth soccer players during small-sided-games? J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1404–1409, 2022—This study examined the influence of changes in physical capacity, testosterone concentration, and anthropometric characteristics across a 16-month training period on technical performance of youth players during small-sided games (SSG). Thirty-five elite youth players (14.3 ± 0.2 years, 170 ± 6.2 cm, and 61 ± 6 kg) were assessed on 3 occasions (T1, T2, and T3) over the period. A multivariate canonical correlation (MCC) was used to assess the multiple associations between the criterion variable (SSG technical performance) and the predictor variable (physical capacity represented by the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 [Yo-Yo IRT1], testosterone concentration, and anthropometric characteristics). Changes between T1 and T3 were retained for MCC analysis. Multivariate canonical correlation analysis revealed 2 significant functions (R
2 = 0.42 and 0.36) indicating a significant relationship between predictor and criterion variables. Changes in Yo-Yo IRT1 performance were the main contributor to the predictor variable, whereas the frequency of tackles/interceptions contributed mostly to the criterion variable (SSG technical performance). These results showed that technical performance in SSG was influenced by changes in Yo-Yo IRT1 performance, suggesting the importance of monitoring in conjunction, intermittent exercise capacity, and technical performance in SSG in youth soccer players. In addition, the stability in technical performance during SSG observed over the experimental period suggests that practitioners could use SSG as a tool for systematic real-world monitoring of technical performance rather than isolated practice drills.
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Relation to Antihypertensive Medication Use in Women with and Without Cancer: Results from the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Reding Kerryn W. , Aragaki Aaron K. , Cheng Richard K. , Barac Ana , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Chubak Jessica , Limacher Marian C. , Hundley W. Gregory , D'Agostino Ralph , Vitolins Mara Z. , Brasky Theodore M. , Habel Laurel A. , Chow Eric J. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Chen Chu , Morgenroth April , Barrington Wendy E. , Banegas Matthew , Barnhart Matthew , Chlebowski Rowan T. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent clinical trials have evaluated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEis), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and beta blockers (BBs) in relation to cardiotoxicity in patients with cancer, typically defined by ejection fraction declines. However, these trials have not examined long-term, hard clinical endpoints. Within a prospective study, we examined the risk of heart failure (HF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in relation to use of commonly used antihypertensive medications, including ACEis/ARBs, BBs, calcium channel blockers (CCB), and diuretics, comparing women with and without cancer.

Materials and Methods
In a cohort of 56,997 Women's Health Initiative study participants free of cardiovascular disease who received antihypertensive treatment, we used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of developing CHD, HF, and a composite outcome of cardiac events (combining CHD and HF) in relation to use of ACEis/ARBs, CCBs, or diuretics versus BBs, separately in women with and without cancer.

Results
Whereas there was no difference in risk of cardiac events comparing ACEi/ARB with BB use among cancer-free women (HR = 0.99 [0.88–1.12]), among cancer survivors ACEi/ARB users were at a 2.24-fold risk of total cardiac events (1.18–4.24); p-interaction = .06). When investigated in relation to CHD only, an increased risk was similarly observed in ACEi/ARB versus BB use for cancer survivors (HR = 1.87 [0.88–3.95]) but not in cancer-free women (HR = 0.91 [0.79–1.06]; p-interaction = .04). A similar pattern was also seen in relation to HF but did not reach statistical significance (p-interaction = .23).

Conclusion
These results from this observational study suggest differing risks of cardiac events in relation to antihypertensive medications depending on history of cancer. Although these results require replication before becoming actionable in a clinical setting, they suggest the need for more rigorous examination of the effect of antihypertensive choice on long-term cardiac outcomes in cancer survivors.

Implications for Practice
Although additional research is needed to replicate these findings, these data from a large, nationally representative sample of postmenopausal women indicate that beta blockers are favorable to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in reducing the risk of cardiac events among cancer survivors. This differs from the patterns observed in a noncancer cohort, which largely mirrors what is found in the randomized clinical trials in the general population.
Intravenous Iron Dosing and Infection Risk in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of the PIVOTAL Trial
Authors: Macdougall Iain C. , Bhandari Sunil , White Claire , Anker Stefan D. , Farrington Kenneth , Kalra Philip A. , Mark Patrick B. , McMurray John J. V. , Reid Chante , Robertson Michele , Tomson Charles R.V. , Wheeler David C. , Winearls Christopher G. , Ford Ian ,   on behalf of the PIVOTAL Investigators and Committees
Published: April 2020

Significance Statement
Experimental and observational data have raised concerns that intravenous (IV) iron might increase the risk of infections. In this analysis from the Proactive IV Iron Therapy in Haemodialysis Patients (PIVOTAL) trial involving 2141 patients on hemodialysis randomly assigned to receive either a high-dose or low-dose IV iron regimen, investigators reported finding no evidence that the two groups differed in incidence of infection, hospitalization for infection, or death from infection. Given the potential cardiovascular benefits of higher-dose IV iron seen in the PIVOTAL trial (due to either a direct effect of the IV iron or a decreased use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and thus, less exposure to associated cardiotoxic effects), this analysis provides reassurance for administering higher doses of IV iron than are currently given in many units worldwide.

Background
Experimental and observational studies have raised concerns that giving intravenous (IV) iron to patients, such as individuals receiving maintenance hemodialysis, might increase the risk of infections. The Proactive IV Iron Therapy in Haemodialysis Patients (PIVOTAL) trial randomized 2141 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for ESKD to a high-dose or a low-dose IV iron regimen, with a primary composite outcome of all-cause death, heart attack, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Comparison of infection rates between the two groups was a prespecified secondary analysis.

Methods
Secondary end points included any infection, hospitalization for infection, and death from infection; we calculated cumulative event rates for these end points. We also interrogated the interaction between iron dose and vascular access (fistula versus catheter).

Results
We found no significant difference between the high-dose IV iron group compared with the lose-dose group in event rates for all infections (46.5% versus 45.5%, respectively, which represented incidences of 63.3 versus 69.4 per 100 patient years, respectively); rates of hospitalization for infection (29.6% versus 29.3%, respectively) also did not differ. We did find a significant association between risk of a first cardiovascular event and any infection in the previous 30 days. Compared with patients undergoing dialysis with an arteriovenous fistula, those doing so via a catheter had a higher incidence of having any infection, hospitalization for infection, or fatal infection, but IV iron dosing had no effect on these outcomes.

Conclusions
The high-dose and low-dose IV iron groups exhibited identical infection rates. Risk of a first cardiovascular event strongly associated with a recent infection.
Flexibilidad laboral: eufemismo a una política de regresión
Authors: Larios Pino José Luis 
Published: April 2020

En el presente artículo de reflexión se analizarán las tipologías o clasificaciones que de acuerdo a la doctrina se le ha dado al fenómeno de la flexibilidad laboral, asimismo, se esbozará cómo se han aplicado estas políticas en Europa, los países anglosajones, América Latina y por supuesto en Colombia, desde la perspectiva de las legislaciones que la desarrollan. Finalmente se expondrá por qué se considera que la fl exibilidad es una política que infringe el principio de progresividad o no regresión y cómo ha sido enmascarada bajo una fórmula cuya finalidad es la generación de empleo y el crecimiento económico.
Las acciones colectivas en Colombia frente a una realidad global: el derecho de consumo
Authors: Herrera Tapias Beli 
Published: April 2020

En Colombia la inclusión tanto legal como constitucional del derecho del consumo se debe a una necesidad de adecuación de la normativa a los lineamientos internacionales tanto de las directivas de la ONU, como de los Proyectos de MERCOSUR, ya que las relaciones comerciales, negociaciones internacionales y los procesos de globalización e integración de los mercados requerían de la garantía de este tipo de derechos por los Estados contratantes, sin embargo a través de este artículo y empleando una investigación jurídica de carácter aplicado, con enfoque cualitativo, se pretende hacer una crítica a los mecanismos constitucionales dispuestos para la defensa de los derechos de los consumidores como derechos colectivos, pues resultan poco operantes al no responder a las necesidades y realidades del consumidor contemporáneo que vive en un mundo globalizado.