bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altering toenail biomechanic in managing ingrown toenail. Randomized controlled study
Authors: Habeeb Tamer A.A.M. , Elaidy Mostafa M. , Mawla Walid A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
ingrown toenail is commonly met in clinical practice especially in adolescent. However, there are few literatures on managing this problem regarding the change of biomechanics of toe. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of central resection of toenail on changing toe biomechanics in dealing with ingrown toenail as regard easy technique, rapid resolution of the problem, post-technique pain and recurrence rate.

Aim:
To compare between central toenail resection with ordinary lateral wedge toenail resection in managing ingrown toenail as regard technique duration (in minutes), postoperative pain (according to visual analogue scale of pain) and postoperative recurrence rate.

Method:
One hundred Patients in a representative sample from January 2017 to January 2018 who had ingrown toenail. These patients were divided into 2 groups: group (A): underwent central toenail resection and group (B): underwent wedge toenail resection at the side of the affected toe. Treatment was prescribed and outcome at one month, two month and six months after management were analyzed.

Result:
in group (A): There was a significant shorter operative time, shorter hospital stay, better postoperative outcome as regard pain and no recurrence, after 6 month follow up period.

Conclusion:
Ingrown toenail is best be treated by central nail resection as it is simple surgical technique with no significant complications.

Highlights:
Beyond the Governance Gap: Accountability in Privatized Migration Control
Authors: Davitti Daria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis Article focuses on the accountability challenges raised by the increased involvement of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSC) in migration control. I argue that migration control activities outsourced to PMSC can be classified as high-risk operations for the purposes of the application of relevant business and human rights standards. This reclassification of migration control activities as high-risk business operations, in turn, has two significant implications in terms of establishing accountability for PMSC’s wrongful conduct. First, it acknowledges that the privatization of migration control, especially within the context of continued containment and deterrence trends, entails a high risk of human rights abuses to which PMSC may contribute, both directly and indirectly. Second, this reclassification enables us to identify heightened obligations vested upon the home state of a PMSC, as well as the heightened responsibility of PMSC themselves. The article also examines what these heightened obligations and responsibilities entail.
Bread or Circuses? Repoliticization in the Italian Populist Government Experience
Authors: Baldini Gianfranco , Giglioli Matteo F.N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe majority view within political science is that populism is best understood as a (thin) ideology. We problematize the ideational approach by broadening the scope of analysis, linking populism to the rise of long-term generalized anti-political sentiments, against interpretations that tend to tie the populist wave to conjunctural factors related to recent crises. We argue that the essence of populism lies at the intersection of the ‘material constitution’ of advanced industrial democracies (that is, how macroeconomic governance relates to democratic decision-making) and the feelings of societal alienation that are at the heart of anti-political sentiments. We show the peculiar coexistence of economic turbulence, heralded by the crisis of the cartel party and of the neoliberal economic consensus, and an appeal to a post-democratic ‘virtual politics’ of performed but ineffectual popular sovereignty. The policies of the populist coalition governing Italy in 2018–19 provide a key case to test the relevance of our arguments.
An ultra-wide bandwidth (704 to 4 032 MHz) receiver for the Parkes radio telescope
Authors: Hobbs George , Manchester Richard N. , Dunning Alex , Jameson Andrew , Roberts Paul , George Daniel , Green J. A. , Tuthill John , Toomey Lawrence , Kaczmarek Jane F. , Mader Stacy , Marquarding Malte , Ahmed Azeem , Amy Shaun W. , Bailes Matthew , Beresford Ron , Bhat N. D. R. , Bock Douglas C.-J. , Bourne Michael , Bowen Mark , Brothers Michael , Cameron Andrew D. , Carretti Ettore , Carter Nick , Castillo Santy , Chekkala Raji , Cheng Wan , Chung Yoon , Craig Daniel A. , Dai Shi , Dawson Joanne , Dempsey James , Doherty Paul , Dong Bin , Edwards Philip , Ergesh Tuohutinuer , Gao Xuyang , Han JinLin , Hayman Douglas , Indermuehle Balthasar , Jeganathan Kanapathippillai , Johnston Simon , Kanoniuk Henry , Kesteven Michael , Kramer Michael , Leach Mark , Mcintyre Vince , Moss Vanessa , Osłowski Stefan , Phillips Chris , Pope Nathan , Preisig Brett , Price Daniel , Reeves Ken , Reilly Les , Reynolds John , Robishaw Tim , Roush Peter , Ruckley Tim , Sadler Elaine , Sarkissian John , Severs Sean , Shannon Ryan , Smart Ken , Smith Malcolm , Smith Stephanie , Sobey Charlotte , Staveley-Smith Lister , Tzioumis Anastasios , van Straten Willem , Wang Nina , Wen Linqing , Whiting Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe an ultra-wide-bandwidth, low-frequency receiver recently installed on the Parkes radio telescope. The receiver system provides continuous frequency coverage from 704 to 4032 MHz. For much of the band (${\sim}60\%$), the system temperature is approximately 22 K and the receiver system remains in a linear regime even in the presence of strong mobile phone transmissions. We discuss the scientific and technical aspects of the new receiver, including its astronomical objectives, as well as the feed, receiver, digitiser, and signal processor design. We describe the pipeline routines that form the archive-ready data products and how those data files can be accessed from the archives. The system performance is quantified, including the system noise and linearity, beam shape, antenna efficiency, polarisation calibration, and timing stability.
Relocation of the 17 June 2017 Nuugaatsiaq (Greenland) Landslide Based on Green's Functions From Ambient Seismic Noises
Authors: Xie Jun , Chu Risheng , Ni Sidao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLandslide is one of the most dangerous geological hazards in mountainous regions, which causes large casualties. Fast and accurate location of a landslide is critical to disaster mitigation and early warning of secondary hazards. The landslide location is a difficult problem in a remote region with sparse seismic network due to low resolution of the velocity structure model. Green's functions from ambient seismic noises can be used to calibrate effects due to the uncertainty of velocity structure. In this study, we relocate a large landslide occurred in Nuugaatsiaq, Greenland, on 17 June 2017 using relative location method based on Green's functions from ambient seismic noises. The location result of the landslide is about 2.5 km away from the site given by satellite image. This is better than the result based on traditional location method, which has a deviation up to ~17 km. Our result demonstrates that this algorithm can provide accurate location of landslide with seismographic stations in global and regional networks, thus providing timely assistance to early warning of secondary hazards.
The Transpolar Drift as a Source of Riverine and Shelf‐Derived Trace Elements to the Central Arctic Ocean
Authors: Charette Matthew A. , Kipp Lauren E. , Jensen Laramie T. , Dabrowski Jessica S. , Whitmore Laura M. , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Williford Tatiana , Ulfsbo Adam , Jones Elizabeth , Bundy Randelle M. , Vivancos Sebastian M. , Pahnke Katharina , John Seth G. , Xiang Yang , Hatta Mariko , Petrova Mariia V. , Heimbürger‐Boavida Lars‐Eric , Bauch Dorothea , Newton Robert , Pasqualini Angelica , Agather Alison M. , Amon Rainer M. W. , Anderson Robert F. , Andersson Per S. , Benner Ronald , Bowman Katlin L. , Edwards R. Lawrence , Gdaniec Sandra , Gerringa Loes J. A. , González Aridane G. , Granskog Mats , Haley Brian , Hammerschmidt Chad R. , Hansell Dennis A. , Henderson Paul B. , Kadko David C. , Kaiser Karl , Laan Patrick , Lam Phoebe J. , Lamborg Carl H. , Levier Martin , Li Xianglei , Margolin Andrew R. , Measures Chris , Middag Rob , Millero Frank J. , Moore Willard S. , Paffrath Ronja , Planquette Hélène , Rabe Benjamin , Reader Heather , Rember Robert , Rijkenberg Micha J. A. , Roy‐Barman Matthieu , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel , Saito Mak , Schauer Ursula , Schlosser Peter , Sherrell Robert M. , Shiller Alan M. , Slagter Hans , Sonke Jeroen E. , Stedmon Colin , Woosley Ryan J. , Valk Ole , van Ooijen Jan , Zhang Ruifeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA major surface circulation feature of the Arctic Ocean is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a current that transports river‐influenced shelf water from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas toward the center of the basin and Fram Strait. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program included a high‐resolution pan‐Arctic survey of carbon, nutrients, and a suite of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs). The cruises bisected the TPD at two locations in the central basin, which were defined by maxima in meteoric water and dissolved organic carbon concentrations that spanned 600 km horizontally and ~25–50 m vertically. Dissolved TEIs such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Hg, Nd, and Th, which are generally particle‐reactive but can be complexed by organic matter, were observed at concentrations much higher than expected for the open ocean setting. Other trace element concentrations such as Al, V, Ga, and Pb were lower than expected due to scavenging over the productive East Siberian and Laptev shelf seas. Using a combination of radionuclide tracers and ice drift modeling, the transport rate for the core of the TPD was estimated at 0.9 ± 0.4 Sv (106 m3 s−1). This rate was used to derive the mass flux for TEIs that were enriched in the TPD, revealing the importance of lateral transport in supplying materials beneath the ice to the central Arctic Ocean and potentially to the North Atlantic Ocean via Fram Strait. Continued intensification of the Arctic hydrologic cycle and permafrost degradation will likely lead to an increase in the flux of TEIs into the Arctic Ocean.
A Synthesis Inversion to Constrain Global Emissions of Two Very Short Lived Chlorocarbons: Dichloromethane, and Perchloroethylene
Authors: Claxton Tom , Hossaini Ryan , Wilson Chris , Montzka Stephen A. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Wild Oliver , Bednarz Ewa M. , Carpenter Lucy J. , Andrews Stephen J. , Hackenberg Sina C. , Mühle Jens , Oram David , Park Sunyoung , Park Mi‐Kyung , Atlas Elliot , Navarro Maria , Schauffler Sue , Sherry David , Vollmer Martin , Schuck Tanja , Engel Andreas , Krummel Paul B. , Maione Michela , Arduini Jgor , Saito Takuya , Yokouchi Yoko , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Lunder Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and perchloroethylene (C2Cl4) are chlorinated very short lived substances (Cl‐VSLS) with anthropogenic sources. Recent studies highlight the increasing influence of such compounds, particularly CH2Cl2, on the stratospheric chlorine budget and therefore on ozone depletion. Here, a multiyear global‐scale synthesis inversion was performed to optimize CH2Cl2 (2006–2017) and C2Cl4 (2007–2017) emissions. The approach combines long‐term surface observations from global monitoring networks, output from a three‐dimensional chemical transport model (TOMCAT), and novel bottom‐up information on prior industry emissions. Our posterior results show an increase in global CH2Cl2 emissions from 637 ± 36 Gg yr−1 in 2006 to 1,171 ± 45 Gg yr−1 in 2017, with Asian emissions accounting for 68% and 89% of these totals, respectively. In absolute terms, Asian CH2Cl2 emissions increased annually by 51 Gg yr−1 over the study period, while European and North American emissions declined, indicating a continental‐scale shift in emission distribution since the mid‐2000s. For C2Cl4, we estimate a decrease in global emissions from 141 ± 14 Gg yr−1 in 2007 to 106 ± 12 Gg yr−1 in 2017. The time‐varying posterior emissions offer significant improvements over the prior. Utilizing the posterior emissions leads to modeled tropospheric CH2Cl2 and C2Cl4 abundances and trends in good agreement to those observed (including independent observations to the inversion). A shorter C2Cl4 lifetime, from including an uncertain Cl sink, leads to larger global C2Cl4 emissions by a factor of ~1.5, which in some places improves model‐measurement agreement. The sensitivity of our findings to assumptions in the inversion procedure, including CH2Cl2 oceanic emissions, is discussed.
Crustal Porosity of Lunar Impact Basins
Authors: Wahl D. , Wieczorek M. A. , Wünnemann K. , Oberst J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLateral variations in bulk density and porosity of the upper lunar highland crust are mapped using a high‐resolution Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) gravity field model and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) derived topography. With a higher spatial resolution gravity model than previous studies, we focus on individual impact basins with diameters greater than 200 km. The bulk density of the upper few kilometers of the lunar crust is estimated by minimizing the correlation between the topography and Bouguer gravity at short wavelengths that are unaffected by lithospheric flexure. Porosity is then derived using estimates of the grain density obtained from remote sensing data of the surface composition. The near surface crust in proximity to many large basins is found to exhibit distinct radial porosity signatures. Low porosities are found in the basin centers within the peak ring, whereas high porosities are identified near and just exterior to the main rim. The larger basins exhibit a more pronounced porosity signature than the smaller basins. Though the number of basins investigated in this study is limited, younger basins appear to be associated with the largest amplitude variations in porosity. For basins with increasing age the magnitude of the porosity variations decreases.
β-hydroxybutyrate and its metabolic effects on age-associated pathology
Authors: Han Young-Min , Ramprasath Tharmarajan , Zou Ming-Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAging is a universal process that renders individuals vulnerable to many diseases. Although this process is irreversible, dietary modulation and caloric restriction are often considered to have antiaging effects. Dietary modulation can increase and maintain circulating ketone bodies, especially β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), which is one of the most abundant ketone bodies in human circulation. Increased β-HB has been reported to prevent or improve the symptoms of various age-associated diseases. Indeed, numerous studies have reported that a ketogenic diet or ketone ester administration alleviates symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. Considering the potential of β-HB and the intriguing data emerging from in vivo and in vitro experiments as well as clinical trials, this therapeutic area is worthy of attention. In this review, we highlight studies that focus on the identified targets of β-HB and the cellular signals regulated by β-HB with respect to alleviation of age-associated ailments.
PRMT7 deficiency causes dysregulation of the HCN channels in the CA1 pyramidal cells and impairment of social behaviors
Authors: Lee Seul-Yi , Vuong Tuan Anh , So Hyun-Kyung , Kim Hyun-Ji , Kim Yoo Bin , Kang Jong-Sun , Kwon Ilmin , Cho Hana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHCN channels regulate excitability and rhythmicity in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. Perturbation in the HCN channel current (Ih) is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders. Recently, protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) was shown to be highly expressed in the hippocampus, including the CA1 region. However, the physiological function of PRMT7 in the CA1 neurons and the relationship to psychiatric disorders are unclear. Here we showed that PRMT7 knockout (KO) mice exhibit hyperactivity and deficits in social interaction. The firing frequency of the CA1 neurons in the PRMT7 KO mice was significantly higher than that in the wild-type (WT) mice. Compared with the WT CA1 neurons, the PRMT7 KO CA1 neurons showed a more hyperpolarized resting potential and a higher input resistance, which were occluded by the Ih-current inhibitor ZD7288; these findings were consistent with the decreased Ih and suggested the contribution of Ih-channel dysfunction to the PRMT7 KO phenotypes. The HCN1 protein level was decreased in the CA1 region of the PRMT7 KO mice in conjunction with a decrease in the expression of Shank3, which encodes a core scaffolding protein for HCN channel proteins. A brief application of the PRMT7 inhibitor DS437 did not reproduce the phenotype of the PRMT7 KO neurons, further indicating that PRMT7 regulates Ih by controlling the channel number rather than the open probability. Moreover, shRNA-mediated PRMT7 suppression reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of SHANK3, implying that PRMT7 deficiency might be responsible for the decrease in the HCN protein levels by altering Shank3 expression. These findings reveal a key role for PRMT7 in the regulation of HCN channel density in the CA1 pyramidal cells that may be amenable to pharmacological intervention for neuropsychiatric disorders.
The role of dopamine in dynamic effort-reward integration
Authors: Michely Jochen , Viswanathan Shivakumar , Hauser Tobias U. , Delker Laura , Dolan Raymond J. , Grefkes Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen deciding to act, the neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in a valuation of prospective effort and reward. However, its role in dynamic effort-reward integration during action, a process central to everyday behaviour, remains unclear. In a placebo-controlled, within-subject, study, we probed the impact of increasing brain dopamine levels (150 mg of levodopa) and blocking dopamine receptors (1.5 mg of haloperidol) in the context of a novel dynamic effort task in healthy human subjects. We show that modulating homoeostatic dopamine balance distinctly alters implicit and explicit effort allocation as a function of instantaneous reward. Pharmacologically boosting dopamine enhanced motor vigour, reflected in an implicit increase in effort allocation for high rewards. Conversely, pharmacological blockade of dopamine attenuated sensitivity to differences in reward context, reflected in reduced strategic effort discounting. These findings implicate dopamine in an integration of momentary physical experience and instantaneous reward, suggesting a key role of dopamine in acting to maximise reward on the fly.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The HOTAIRM1/miR-107/TDG axis regulates papillary thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion
Authors: Li Dan , Chai Li , Yu Xiaqing , Song Yingchun , Zhu Xuchao , Fan Suyun , Jiang Wen , Qiao Tingting , Tong Junyu , Liu Simin , Fan Lihong , Lv Zhongwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1), has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in various human cancers. However, the overall biological roles and clinical significance of HOTAIRM1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have not been investigated. In this study, we used quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to show that HOTAIRM1 was significantly downregulated in PTC tissues and low HOTAIRM1 expression levels were associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stage. We performed Cell Counting Kit-8, plate colony-formation, flow cytometric apoptosis, transwell, and scratch wound healing assays. Overexpression of HOTAIRM1 was found to inhibit PTC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. Additionally, we identified miR-107 as a target of HOTAIRM1 using online bioinformatics tools. Dual-luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to confirm that HOTAIRM1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-107. Furthermore, enhancement of miR-107 could potentially reverse the effects of HOTAIRM1 overexpression in vitro. Inhibition of miR-107 suppressed PTC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in vitro. HOTAIRM1 overexpression and miR-107 inhibition impaired tumorigenesis in vivo in mouse xenografts. Bioinformatics prediction and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated the binding between miR-107 and the 3′-untranslated region of TDG. The results of qRT-PCR and western blotting assays suggested that HOTAIRM1 could regulate the expression of TDG in an miR-107-meditated manner. In conclusion, we validated HOTAIRM1 as a novel tumor-suppressor lncRNA in PTC and proposed that the HOTAIRM1/miR-107/TDG axis may serve as a therapeutic target for PTC.
Heterogeneous precipitation mediated heterogeneous nanostructure enhances strength-ductility synergy in severely cryo-rolled and annealed CoCrFeNi2.1Nb0.2 high entropy alloy
Authors: Sunkari U. , Reddy S. R. , Rathod B. D. S. , Kumar S. S. Satheesh , Saha R. , Chatterjee S. , Bhattacharjee P. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPossibilities of enhancing mechanical properties of brittle intermetallic containing high entropy alloys (HEAs) using novel processing and microstructural design strategies were investigated in the present work. For this purpose, homogenized CoCrFeNi2.1Nb0.2 HEA consisting of FCC matrix and complex Laves phase particles was successfully processed by severe cold- or cryo-rolling to 90% reduction in thickness followed by annealing (800 °C/1 hour(h)). As compared to cold-rolling, cryo-rolling resulted in a finer lamellar nanostructure and decidedly greater fragmentation of the Laves phase. Upon annealing, the cold-rolled HEA showed a recrystallized FCC matrix dispersed with D019 structured ε nano-precipitates. In contrast, the finer nanostructure and greater driving force for accelerated precipitation of profuse nano-precipitates at the early stages of annealing inhibited recrystallization in the cryo-rolled HEA and resulted in the formation of heterogeneous microstructure consisting of retained deformed and recrystallized regions. The novel heterogeneous microstructure of the cryo-rolled and annealed HEA resulted in a remarkable enhancement in strength-ductility synergy. The present results indicated that cryo-rolling could be used as an innovative processing strategy for tailoring heterogeneous microstructure and achieving novel mechanical properties.