bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Turnover Intention, dan Lingkungan Kerja Non-Fisik Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan di CV. Fiesta Ngunut, Babadan Ponorogo
Authors: Ratnaningtyas Fatimah , Farida Umi , Chamidah Siti 
Published: February 2025

Tujuan Bertujuan untuk mengetahui masing-masing variabel apakah beban kerja, turnover intention, dan lingkungan kerja non fisik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivtas kerja karyawan di CV.Fiesta
Metode. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskripsi kuantitatif. Populasi 40 karyawan dan sampel yang digunakan yakni sampel jenuh dengan 40 responden. Analisis yang di gunakan yakni analisis deskripsi, analisis inner model dan outer model dengan menggunakan SMART-PLS 4.0 untuk olah data.
Hasil uji hipotesis beban kerja (x1) terhadap produktivitas bernilai positif tteapi tidak signifikan. Variebel Turnover Intention (X2) terhadap produktivitas memiliki hasl yang bernilai positif tidak signifikan artinya penelituan ini ditolak dengan arti Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. Lingkungan kerja non-fisik (X3) terhadap produktivitas (Y). Bisa dikatakan bahwa lingkungan kerja non-fisik berpengaruh Positif terhadap Produktivitas artinya hipotesis Ha ini diterima dan Ho ditolak. Hasil dari R-square 0,599 berarti 59,9% memiliki pengaruh kuat terhadap produktivitas.
Implikasi perusahaan diharapkan untuk memperbaiki sitematika kerja dan pemberian tanggung jawab. Perusahaan juga hendaknya memberikan treatment bagi karyawannya agar mereka tidak memiliki fikiran untuk meninggalkan perusahaan.
Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Kebutuhan Penghargaan Melalui Kebutuhan Sosial terhadap Prestasi Kerja pada Karyawan Jnt Kabupaten Batanghari
Authors: Fauzan Muhammad Oceano , Kurnia Raden Hebat , Yulianti Welly , Asriandi Asriandi , Firdaus Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Tujuan Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel beban kerja, kebutuhan penghargaan, kebutuhan sosial dan prestasi kerja pada karyawan JnT di Kabupaten Batanghari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memberikan masukan kepada JnT di Kabupaten Batanghari dan menambah ilmu bagi pembaca.
Metode Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner pada karyawan JnT di Kabupaten Batanghari, dalam menjawab kuisioner responden cukup menandai kolom yang terdapat Skala Likert’s (1 – 5).
Hasil Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini, secara parsial beban kerja (X1) berpengaruh negatif pengaruh terhadap kebutuhan sosial (X3) dan kebutuhan penghargaan (X2) terhadap kebutuhan sosial (X3) memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan baik secara parsial dan simultan, selanjutnya secara parsial beban kerja (X1) berpengaruh negatif terhadap prestasi kerja (Y) dan secara parial kebutuhan penghargaan (X2) terhadap prestasi kerja (Y) memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan baik secara parsial dan simultan, selanjutnya, variabel kebutuhan sosial (X3) terhadap prestasi kerja (Y) memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan. Begitu juga dengan simultan beban kerja (X1) dan kebutuhan penghargaan (X2) memiliki pengaruh dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap kebutuhan sosial (X3), dan secara bersama – sama variabel beban kerja (X1) dan kebutuhan penghargaan (X2) terhadap prestasi kerja (Y) memiliki pengaruh dan signifikan. Beban kerja (X1) dan kebutuhan penghargaan (X2) melalui kebutuhan sosial (X3) terhadap prestasi kerja (Y) memiliki pengaruh dan signifikan.
Implikasi JnT harus mempertimbangkan pengaturan beban kerja yang seimbang agar tidak mengganggu hubungan sosial antar karyawan demi tercapainya prestasi kerja karyawan. JnT baiknya perlu merumuskan sesuatu demi memenuhi kebutuhan penghargaan karyawan agar kebutuhan sosial dan prestasi karyawan terpenuhi. Program kebutuhan sosial yang dirancang baiknya dapat meningkatkan prestasi kerja karyawan.
Pengaruh Store Atmosphere dan Persepsi Harga terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Pada Barbershop Sir Salon Cabang Haji Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Silitonga Geraldo , Saputra Hendra 
Published: February 2025

Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada Pengaruh store atmosphere dan persepsi harga terhadap keputusan penggunaan jasa di barbershop Sir Salon cabang H.J Adam Malik Medan.
Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif, populasi dalam penelitian ini konsumen Barbershop Sir Salon Cabang H.J Adam Malik Medan yang berjumlah 6543. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Random Sampling dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 100 responden yang telah memenuhi kriteria yang telah di tentukan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan Uji Asumsi Klasik, Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda dan Uji Hipotesis yang sebelumnya data telah di uji menggunakan uji validitas dan uji realibilitas. Pengolahan data menggunakan program SPSS 21.0 for windows.
Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Store Atmosphere dan Persepsi Harga berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan secara parsial terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Sir Salon Cabang Jalan H. Adam Malik Medan. Dan secara simultan Store Atmosphere dan Persepsi Harga berpengaruh positif terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Sir Salon Cabang Jalan H. Adam Malik Medan.
Implikasi. Store Atmosphere dan Persepsi Harga sangat berpengaruh positif terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Sir Salon Cabang Jalan H. Adam Malik Medan
FORMATION OF FAMILY EDUCATORS AS AN EFFORT TO REDUCE HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE AMONG POSYANDU CADRE GROUPS IN NAMBO DISTRICT KENDARI CITY
Authors: Nurmaladewi Nurmaladewi , Jufri Nurnashriana , Nirmala Fifi , Rusliafa Jusniar , Kohali Rizki Eka Sakti Octaviani 
Published: February 2025

Food waste represents one of the most pressing global challenges, with significant implications for the environment, the economy, and social well-being. One of the key measures that communities can adopt to address household food waste is by transforming perceptions and practices surrounding food waste—viewing it not as waste to be discarded but as an alternative resource. The primary objective of this initiative is to enhance the role of Posyandu (integrated health post) cadres as family educators in providing community education. These educators are expected to explain the negative impacts of food waste on the environment and food security while offering practical guidance on sustainable practices, such as mindful shopping, proper food storage, and repurposing food leftovers into valuable products like eco-enzyme solutions. The training commenced with a pre-test to assess participants' baseline knowledge, involving 55 participants, including Posyandu cadres, representatives from public health centers (Puskesmas), sub-district officials, and the program team. The content delivered by the facilitators ranged from the selection of hygienic food ingredients to the practical steps for producing eco-enzymes from food waste. Practical modules were distributed to help participants easily implement the knowledge acquired during the sessions. Post-test results indicated a significant improvement in participants' understanding, coupled with high levels of enthusiasm during the discussion sessions. As a follow-up, program evaluations and additional training sessions will be conducted to ensure the sustainability of these efforts. This initiative is expected to support public health and environmental preservation through the prudent management of food and food waste.
Improving the Sustainability of Individual, Motorised Transport by Implementing E-government System
Authors: Lakatos András Rudolf , Horváth Zsolt Csaba , Kovács András 
Published: February 2025

Present day's world is dominated by a set of problems that affect almost all aspects of people's lives (e.g. energy crisis, labor shortages, inflation, etc.). These challenges also have a major impact on transport through its institutional-economic-social interactions. The institutional environment also has a significant impact on the transport system, due to the two-way nature of the systemic interactions. This makes it particularly important to examine the transport aspect of the digitalization of procedures in public administration institutions. The research develops a methodology to quantify the transport energy savings and to increase the sustainability of mobility by developing SMART solutions already applied in public administration, which is presented through a case study in Hungary.
تطبيق أنظمة الدعم متعددة المستويات مع الطلاب ذوي الاضطرابات السلوكية والانفعالية في مدارس التعليم العام
Authors: أ.د. إبراهيم بن عبدالله  العثمان  , راكان بن عبدالعزيز سعد الدويس  
Published: February 2025

لقد أثبتت أنظمة الدعم المتعددة المستويات فعاليتها وكفاءتها بسبب تركيزها الوقائي والتعليمي. وتُعرف هذه الأنظمة؛ بالأطر والإجراءات التي تقوم المدارس بتقديمها لجميع الطلاب ومنهم ذوي الاضطرابات السلوكية والانفعالية من أجل مساعدتهم على التحسّن والنجاح. ومن هذه الأنظمة: نظام الاستجابة للتدخل Response To Intervention, RTI)) للجوانب الأكاديمي، ونظام دعم السلوك الإيجابي(Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support, PBIS) الذي يُركز على الجوانب السلوكية والذي تم التركيز عليه في هذه الدراسة؛ بسبب فاعليته مع طلاب التعليم العام والطلاب المعرضين للاضطرابات الانفعالية والسلوكية بشكل خاص. وعلى الرغم من وجود أبحاث ذات جودة في هذا المجال؛ إلا أن هناك حاجة إلى جهد أكبر للمزيد من الأبحاث والتطبيقات العملية، لاسيما على مستوى البحوث العربية. ولقد هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقديم تعريف بمفهوم نظام الدعم متعدد المستويات، وإيضاح التطور التاريخي والقانوني له. وذكر أهمّيته بالإضافة الى كيف نستفيد منه في مدارسنا بالتعليم العام وبرامج التربية الخاصة ومع الطلاب ذوي الاضطرابات السلوكية والانفعالية. كما سيتم توضيح متطلبات تنفيذه في مدارس التعليم العام، والمعيقات التي تحول دون تنفيذه. وأخيراً ستقدم هذه الدراسة توصيات بخصوص تطبيق نظام الدعم متعدد المستويات في مدارس التعليم العام.
درجة ممارسة مديرات المدارس الثانوية بمدينة الرياض للتطوير المهني للمعلمات في ضوء معايير التقويم المدرسي
Authors: أ.نجلاء محمد حمد العتيبي  
Published: February 2025

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على درجة ممارسة مديرات المدارس الثانوية بمدينة الرياض للتطوير المهني للمعلمات على المستوى (الفردي- مستوى الفريق – مستوى المدرسة ككل) في ضوء معايير التقويم المدرسي. واستخدمت المنهج الوصفي، وطُبِّقتْ على جميع مديرات المدارس الثانوية بمدينة الرياض، والبالغ عددهن (230) مديرة، وقد قامت الباحثة بإرسال الاستبانة لجميع أفراد الدراسة، وبلغت الاستجابات (202) مديرة. وتوصلت الدراسة لعدد من النتائج أبرزها: أن مديرات المدارس الثانوية بمدينة الرياض يمارسن دورهن في التطوير المهني على المستوى الفردي للمعلمات في ضوء معايير التقويم المدرسي بدرجة عالية، وأن مديرات المدارس الثانوية بمدينة الرياض يمارسن دورهن في التطوير المهني على مستوى الفريق للمعلمات في ضوء معايير التقويم المدرسي المدرسة بدرجة عالية، وأن مديرات المدارس الثانوية بمدينة الرياض يمارسن دورهن في التطوير المهني على مستوى المدرسة للمعلمات في ضوء معايير التقويم المدرسي بدرجة عالية. وفي ضوء تلك النتائج قدمت الدراسة عدداً من التوصيات أبرزها: العمل على توفير الإمكانات المادية والتجهيزات اللازمة لمديرات المدارس بما يسمح لهن بممارسة أدواهن المنوطة بهن في التطوير المهني للمعلمات.
Analisis Dampak Kerusakan Jalan Terhadap Pengguna Jalan Dan Lingkungan Jalan Belimbing-Anduonohu, Kota Kendari
Authors: Ahmad Siti Nurjanah , Azikin Muh. Thahir , Agustan  , Nasrul  , Minmahddun Anafi 
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi dampak kerusakan jalan, seperti ketidaknyamanan, peningkatan risiko kecelakaan, dan kerugian ekonomi pada pengguna jalan dan masyarakat sekitar. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan survei langsung dengan mengukur/mendidentifikasi kerusakan jalan dan metode menggunakan kuesioner dengan beberapa pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam kuesioner ini mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah No. 3 Tahun 2006 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jalan Penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner yang dibagikan kepada 60 responden untuk mengetahui perspektif/persepsi responden sebagai pengguna dan masyarakat sekitar ruas jalan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa macam kerusakan yang terjadi. Jenis kerusakannya adalah retak kulit buaya, retak memanjang, retak sambungan, beda tinggi badan jalan dan bahu jalan, tambalan, dan lubang yang nantinya sangat berdampak pada ketidaknyamanan dan kurangnya rasa aman bagi pengendara/pengemudi dan masyarakat sekitar. Berdasarkan analisis dampak dari kerusakan jalan yang terjadi ditinjau dari tiap aspek kenyamanan didapatkan faktor yang berpengaruh seperti: 1). kecelakaan kendaraan merupakan aspek keamanan yang paling berpengaruh bagi pengguna jalan dan masyarakat, 2). efektifitas perjalanan merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh bagi aspek kenyamanan pengguna jalan dan pencemaran udara merupakan faktor berpengaruh bagi aspek kenyamanan masyarakat sekitar.
Sfericase protease, phytase, and xylanase combination improves body weight, feed conversion rate, ileal digestibility, and gut morphology in broilers
Authors: Rodríguez-Soriano Froylán A. , López-Coello Carlos , Ávila-González Ernesto , Arce-Menocal José , Fascina Vitor Barbosa , Chárraga-Aguilar Silvestre 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel sfericase protease—an endopeptidase from the serine protease family, subtilisin subfamily A (MEROPS ID S08.113)—combined with phytase and xylanase on broiler performance, gut morphology, litter quality, and ileal digestibility.MethodsA total of 1,800 Cobb 500 male chickens were randomly allocated into 36 pens with four dietary treatments and nine replicates per treatment (50 birds per replicate) until 42 days of age. The treatments included: (1) a positive control (PC) following adapted Cobb nutritional recommendations; (2) a negative control (NC) with crude protein and amino acid reductions (0.500% crude protein, 0.041% digestible lysine, 0.040% digestible methionine + cysteine, 0.049% digestible threonine, and 0.032% digestible arginine) compared to PC; (3) NC supplemented with 10,000 new feed protease units (NFP)/kg feed; and (4) NC supplemented with 30,000 NFP/kg feed. Diets, provided in mash form, consisted of corn, soybean meal, canola meal, distiller’s dried grains with solubles, meat and bone meal, corn gluten meal, and soybean oil.ResultsAt 42 days of age, broilers fed the NC diet had significantly lower body weight than those in the PC and protease-supplemented groups (p &lt; 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poorest in the NC group, significantly differing from PC and NC + 10,000 NFP/kg (p &lt; 0.05). Gut morphology analysis revealed significant differences in villus length and number, crypt depth, and surface area among treatments (p &lt; 0.05), with the NC exhibiting the lowest surface area per μm². Energy digestibility was lowest in the PC group, whereas protease-supplemented groups (NC + 10,000 and 30,000 NFP/kg) had the highest digestibility values (p &lt; 0.05). Improvements in energy and nitrogen digestibility correlated significantly with body weight, FCR, and gut morphology (p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionThese findings demonstrate that the inclusion of sfericase protease, in combination with phytase and xylanase, positively influences broiler performance, gut morphology, and nutrient digestibility. Optimizing enzyme inclusion based on diet composition and ingredient quality provides practical benefits in commercial broiler production.
Serology reveals comparable patterns in the transmission intensities of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in Langkat district, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia
Authors: Lubis Inke Nadia Diniyanti , Nainggolan Irbah Rea Alvieda , Meliani Meliani , Hasibuan Beby Syofiani , Sangaran Kumuthamalar , Samsudin Luqman , Chuangchaiya Sriwipa , Divis Paul Cliff Simon , Permatasari Ranti , Idris Zulkarnain Md 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe incidence of malaria in Indonesia has declined significantly over the last few decades. Thus, a demand for more sensitive techniques to describe low levels of transmission in the country is important. This study was conducted to evaluate antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in an area nearing elimination in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Langkat district, North Sumatera Province, in June 2019. Basic demographic data and filter paper blood spots were collected from 339 participants. Antibody responses to two P. falciparum (PfAMA-1 and PfMSP-119) and two P. vivax (PvAMA-1 and PvMSP-119) antigens were measured using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroconversion rates (SCR) were estimated by fitting a simple reversible catalytic model to seroprevalence data for each antibody. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with exposure.ResultsThe overall malaria seroprevalence was 10.6% for PfAMA-1, 13% for PfMSP-119, 18.6% for PvAMA-1, and 7.4% for PvMSP-119. Seropositive individuals for P. falciparum (PfAMA-1/PfMSP-119) and P. vivax (PvAMA-1/PvMSP-119) were similar at 20.7%, with no significant differences observed between age groups (p &gt; 0.05). Based on the reversible catalytic model, the calculated SCRs indicated a higher level of P. falciparum transmission than P. vivax using all tested antigens. In the adjusted model, only spending nights in the forest was associated with P. vivax seropositivity (odd ratio: 3.93, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe analysis of community-based serological data helps describe the similar levels of P. falciparum and P. vivax transmission in the Langkat district. The use of a serological approach enhances the detection of past exposure, aiding in the identification of epidemiological risk factors and malaria surveillance in low transmission settings in Indonesia.
Exploring the clinical outcomes and molecular characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections: a study of sequence types, capsular types, and drug resistance in China
Authors: Chen Jiao , Shao Yanting , Cheng Zhibin , Li Guanghui , Wan Fen , Gao Chenyan , Wu Danqin , Wei Dandan , Liu Yang , Li Rong 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundBloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii have been associated with high mortality. To improve the outcomes of patients, this study explored the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with BSIs, as well as the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of these isolates.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted involving A. baumannii BSIs cases from 2020 to 2023 in a tertiary hospital. The clinical characteristics of all A. baumannii isolates were evaluated. Virulence phenotypes of all isolates were evaluated using the growth curve, biofilm-forming assay, antiserum complement killing, and G.mellonella killing assay. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was utilized to analyze genomic characteristics.ResultsThe 30-day mortality rate of 67 patients with BSIs was 55.22%. Patients in the death group had significantly lower platelet counts and higher CRP levels than those in the survival group. Additionally, higher rates of antibiotic use (≥2 classes) and greater carbapenem exposure were observed. Among the isolates, CRAb accounted for 80.6%, ST2 accounted for 76.12%, and KL2/3/7/77/160 accounted for 65.67%. The predominant KL type was KL3, found in 19.4% of the isolates. All ST2 and KL2/3/7/77/160 isolates were CRAb. Among the isolates, 90.7% of the CRAb isolates coharbored blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66, while one coharbored blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-23. Compared with non-ST2 and non KL2/3/7/77/160 infections, ST2 and KL2/3/7/77/160 infections had higher mortality rates (66.0% vs. 23.5%, P=0.002; 65.90% vs. 34.78%, P=0.015). Patients with ST2 and KL2/3/7/77/160 infections underwent more invasive procedures, received two or more antibiotics and carbapenem therapy before isolation, and had lower serum albumin levels. These isolates exhibited significantly higher resistance to antimicrobial agents. No significant differences in virulence phenotypes were observed between the two groups, except for biofilm formation between the ST2 and non-ST2 groups (P=0.002). However, these isolates harbored more virulence genes related to iron uptake and biofilm formation.ConclusionThe mortality rate associated with BSIs caused by A. baumannii is high. It is of great significance for clinicians to pay attention to the risk factors of the clinical characteristics of patients and to identify the ST and KL types of the strains causing the infection at an early stage.
Relationship between estimated pulse wave velocity and the risk of future sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Song Dingding , Miao Jianghu , Zhang Yunzhu , Zhu Aiguo 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveSarcopenia, common among older adults, is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study explores the relationship between estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, and sarcopenia to support the early diagnosis and prevention strategies.MethodsUsing data from two waves (2011 and 2015) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we conducted a nationally representative cohort study. ePWV was calculated at baseline, and sarcopenia was identified based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. We used multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to investigate the ePWV-sarcopenia relationship.ResultsAmong 6,639 participants followed for 4 years, 11.1% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Initial analyses indicated a positive correlation between ePWV and sarcopenia (β = 1.35), which weakened after adjusting for confounders. RCS analysis demonstrated a non-linear relationship (P-non-linear &lt;0.001), with sarcopenia risk peaking at an ePWV of 9.430 m/s. The highest ePWV quartile showed the lowest grip strength, the longest chair stand test time, and the highest sarcopenia prevalence (P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionsIn middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, ePWV variations may be linked to sarcopenia risk, potentially serving as a predictive marker. The non-linear relationship indicates complex underlying mechanisms, meriting further research.
A short overview of the physicochemical properties of cold-bonded alkali-activated lightweight aggregates and preliminary examinations of their usability for plant growth
Authors: Frohmüller Max O. , Wichmann Isabelle , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionA novel way to upcycle fine concrete or brick demolition waste (&lt;2 mm) to akaliactivated lightweight aggregates (ALA) was described recently. As pollutant burdens in these precursors are closely controlled by federal law in Germany, the aggregates produced in this study could be used in direct contact with the environment.MethodsTherefore, different parameters of ALA, lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECA), and plant granulate were measured and compared, such as pH buffering, heavy metal leaching, pH, and conductivity in solution, pore size distribution, available water content (AWC), and dissolvable macronutrients. Additional plant growth experiments assessed the aggregate’s feasibility as a substrate compared to or as an improvement for lightly acidic soil, with different mixing ratios between LUFA reference soil and ALA.ResultsThese investigations showed high phytotoxicity, which might be explained by salinization (∼3.6 or 4.6 times higher conductivities than plant granulate) and by ALA’s elevated pH (&gt;12). The latter may be used for soil improvements like liming, but a neutralization capacity of only ∼1.7% compared to pure CaO was reached. Similar to this, ALA’s AWC stayed below 1/6 of LECA’s AWC. Both brick or concrete powder aggregates (BPA or CPA) provided comparable or higher amounts of Ca, K, and P relative to plant granulate and exhibited heavy metal loads below the German federal limit values.DiscussionWhile these findings hinted that ALA could act as soil improvements in the future, this use case is not feasible without significant improvements to either ALA’s production process or post-treatment.