bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Specter of Dwindling Numbers: Population Quantity and Jewish Biopolitics in the United States
Authors: Kravel-Tovi Michal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the last three decades, the organized American-Jewish community has preoccupied itself with sociodemographic concerns regarding maintenance of a viable Jewish life in the United States. In this article, I study a key dimension of this preoccupation with population trends: the quantity of the Jewish population, that is, the number of Jews. I show the centrality of this dimension in shaping a cluster of anxious discourses and interventionist engagements directed toward stemming numerical decline. Analyzing this policy world in terms of a “Jewish biopolitics,” I assess how the voluntary nature of American Jewry has shaped a distinct biopolitical field, reliant on “making Jews” by both biological and cultural reproduction, enmeshing dimensions of quantity and quality. Juxtaposing this Jewish biopolitical engagement with the one exercised by the Israeli state, I flesh out broader considerations and contributions, and introduce the exploratory concept of “minority community biopolitics.” The article is grounded in an anthropological study of policy, including fieldwork, interviews, and a review of the flurry of archival and public materials related to the topic.
An Affective Atmosphere of Religiosity: Animated Places, Public Spaces, and the Politics of Attachment in Ukraine and Beyond
Authors: Wanner Catherine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen religious institutions engage the secular emotively and publicly, they can foster an affective atmosphere of religiosity, which potentially has motivational power, even for non-believers, because it shapes the sensorium of those who circulate in public space. When individuals appeal to “places animated with prayer” for the transformative energy that resides there through ritualized practices, they reaffirm an affective atmosphere of religiosity. In Orthodox Eastern Europe and elsewhere, a confessional tradition is allied with state borders, further normativizing this affective atmosphere and giving it pronounced political implications. When an affective atmosphere of religiosity inspires practices that are intentionally designed to prompt experiences rendered meaningful in otherworldly terms, over time such performativity can create mimetic instincts that become second nature. This is an essential step to religion becoming an expedient political resource and to the emergence of religious nationalism or a confessional state.
Church, State, and “Native Liberty” in the Belgian Congo
Authors: Kenny Gale , Wenger Tisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis essay describes a religious freedom controversy that developed between the world wars in the Belgian colony of the Congo, where Protestant missionaries complained that Catholic priests were abusing Congolese Protestants and that the Belgian government favored the Catholics. The history of this campaign demonstrates how humanitarian discourses of religious freedom—and with them competing configurations of church and state—took shape in colonial contexts. From the beginnings of the European scramble for Africa, Protestant and Catholic missionaries had helped formulate the “civilizing” mission and the humanitarian policies—against slavery, for free trade, and for religious freedom—that served to justify the European and U.S. empires of the time. Protestant missionaries in the Congo challenged the privileges granted to Catholic institutions by appealing to religious freedom guarantees in colonial and international law. In response, Belgian authorities and Catholic missionaries elaborated a church-state arrangement that limited “foreign” missions in the name of Belgian national unity. Both groups, however, rejected Native Congolese religious movements—which refused the authority of the colonial church(es) along with the colonial state—as “political” and so beyond the bounds of legitimate “religion.” Our analysis shows how competing configurations of church and state emerged dialogically in this colonial context and how alternative Congolese movements ultimately challenged Belgian colonial rule.
Introduction: Toward Integration
Authors: Hanen Marsha 
Published: January 2020

The desire for integration is so central to philosophy, I think, that no philosophical tendency will long endure without it. On the other hand, every attempt at integration which has been too grand has collapsed. — Hilary Putnam(Realism and Reason,303)Feminist theory, whether specifically philosophical or not, has been integrative in a number of ways. In epistemology and metaphysics it has attacked dualisms and dichotomies and tried to show that mind and body, reason and emotion, civilization and nature are neither separate nor separable; in ethics, we have agreed that rules, principles and justice must be tempered with a sense of caring and community; and, more generally, we have been at pains not to draw too sharp lines between philosophy and psychology, history and anthropology, literary theory and sociology.
BcpLH organizes a specific subset of microRNAs to form a leafy head in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Ren Wenqing , Wu Feijie , Bai Jinjuan , Li Xiaorong , Yang Xi , Xue Wanxin , Liu Heng , He Yuke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHYL1(HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1) inArabidopsis thalianaencodes a double-stranded RNA-binding protein needed for proper miRNA maturation, and its null mutanthyl1shows a typical leaf-incurvature phenotype. In Chinese cabbage,BcpLH(Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis LEAFY HEADS), a close homolog ofHYL1, is differentially expressed in juvenile leaves, which are flat, and in adult leaves, which display extreme incurvature. BcpLH lacks protein–protein interaction domains and is much shorter than HYL1. To test whetherBcpLHis associated with defects in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and leaf flatness, we enhanced and repressed the activity ofBcpLHby transgenics and investigatedBcpLH-dependent miRNAs and plant morphology. BcpLH promoted miRNA biogenesis by the proper processing of primary miRNAs.BcpLHdownregulation via antisense decreased a specific subset of miRNAs and increased the activities of their target genes, causing upward curvature of rosette leaves and early leaf incurvature, concurrent with the enlargement, earliness, and round-to-oval shape transition of leafy heads. Moreover, BcpLH-dependent miRNAs in Chinese cabbage are not the same as HYL1-dependent miRNAs in Arabidopsis. We suggest thatBcpLHcontrols a specific subset of miRNAs in Chinese cabbage and coordinates the direction, extent, and timing of leaf curvature during head formation inBrassica rapa.
Divergent molecular and growth responses of young “Cabernet Sauvignon” (Vitis vinifera) plants to simple and mixed infections with Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus
Authors: Tobar M. , Fiore N. , Pérez-Donoso A. G. , León R. , Rosales I. M. , Gambardella M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus(GRSPaV) is one of the most widely distributed viruses; even so, little is known about its effect onVitis vinifera. To provide new insights, the effects of single and mixed GRSPaV infections on theV. viniferacultivar “Cabernet Sauvignon” were studied by evaluating growth parameters, such as measurements of the total plant length, the number and distance of internodes and the number of leaves per shoot. In addition, parameters relating to gas exchange,i.e., the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, internal CO2concentration and leaf transpiration, were also assessed. All the measurements were performed in one- and two-year-old plants with a single GRSPaV infection or mixed infections of GRSPaV andGrapevine fanleaf virus(GFLV). The results show that the plant phytosanitary status did not significantly alter the growth and gas exchange parameters in one-year-old plants. However, in two-year-old plants, single GRSPaV infections increased shoot elongation, which was accompanied by the overexpression of genes associated with the gibberellic acid response pathway. The gas exchange parameters of these plants were negatively affected, despite exhibiting higherLHCIIgene expression. Plants with mixed infections did not have modified growth parameters, although they presented a greater reduction in the primary photosynthetic parameters evaluated with no change inLHCIIexpression. The results presented here confirm the co-evolution hypothesis forV. viniferaand GRSPaV during the early stages of plant development, and they provide new evidence about the effects of GRSPaV and GFLV co-infections on the “Cabernet Sauvignon” cultivar.
The role of cis-elements in the evolution of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Li-Yu , Xin Yinghui , Wai Ching Man , Liu Juan , Ming Ray 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is an innovation of carbon concentrating mechanism that is characterized by nocturnal CO2 fixation. Recent progresses in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics of CAM species yielded new knowledge and abundant genomic resources. In this review, we will discuss the pattern of cis-elements in stomata movement-related genes and CAM CO2 fixation genes, and analyze the expression dynamic of CAM related genes in green leaf tissues. We propose that CAM photosynthesis evolved through the re-organization of existing enzymes and associated membrane transporters in central metabolism and stomatal movement-related genes, at least in part by selection of existing circadian clock cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions. Better understanding of CAM evolution will help us to design crops that can thrive in arid or semi-arid regions, which are likely to expand due to global climate change.
The ability to manipulate ROS metabolism in pepper may affect aphid virulence
Authors: Sun Mengjing , Voorrips Roeland E. , van Kaauwen Martijn , Visser Richard G. F. , Vosman Ben 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMyzus persicaehas severe economic impact on pepper (Capsicum) cultivation. Previously, we identified two populations ofM. persicae, NL and SW, that were avirulent and virulent, respectively onC. baccatumaccession PB2013071. The transcriptomics approach used in the current study, which is the first study to explore the pepper−aphid interaction at the whole genome gene expression level, revealed genes whose expression is differentially regulated in pepper accession PB2013071 upon infestation with theseM. persicaepopulations. The NL population induced ROS production genes, while the SW population induced ROS scavenging genes and repressed ROS production genes. We also found that the SW population can induce the removal of ROS which accumulated in response to preinfestion with the NL population, and that preinfestation with the SW population significantly improved the performance of the NL population. This paper supports the hypothesis thatM. persicaecan overcome the resistance in accession PB2013071 probably because of its ability to manipulate plant defense response especially the ROS metabolism and such ability may benefit avirulent conspecific aphids.
Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Acute Leukemia
Authors: Al-Ani Fatimah , Wang Yimin Pearl , Lazo-Langner Alejandro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRisk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with solid tumors are well studied; however, studies in patients with acute leukemia are lacking. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosed between June 2006 and June 2017 at a tertiary care center in Canada. Potential predictors of venous thromboembolism were evaluated using logistic regression and a risk score was derived based on weighed variables and compared using survival analysis. Internal validation was conducted using nonparametric bootstrapping. A total of 501 leukemia patients (427 myeloid and 74 lymphoblastic) were included. Venous thromboembolism occurred in 77(15.3%) patients with 71 events occurring in the first year. A prediction score was derived and validated and it included: previous history of venous thromboembolism (3 points), lymphoblastic leukemia (2 points), and platelet count > 50 × 109/L at the time of diagnosis (1 point). The overall cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism was 44% in the high-risk group (≥ 3 points) versus 10.5% in the low-risk group (0–2 points) and it was consistent at different follow-up periods (log-rank p < 0.001). We derived and internally validated a predictive score of venous thromboembolism risk in acute leukemia patients.
Sex Differences in Morphometry of North Indian Acetabula—Forensic and Orthopedic Consideration
Authors: Sachdeva Kanika , Singla Rajan Kumar , Kalsey Gurdeep , Sharma Preetika 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Acetabulum is a cup-shaped cavity of the hipbone. It constitutes the acetabular part of the hip joint. Its shape and position related to the head of the femur are crucial for the biomechanics of this joint. The knowledge of various acetabular dimensions is essential to diagnose various diseases of hip joint, to monitor patient recovery, to determine stability of the hip joint, to assess acetabular dysplasia, and also to create patient-specific acetabular implants in case of hip arthroplasty. Various parameters of acetabulum differ with respect to age, sex, race, and region. Thus, a region-specific knowledge of the acetabular dimensions will be helpful for surgical reconstruction and sex determination.
Materials and Methods The current study was conducted on 100 adult os coxae (male:female = 80:20, right:left = 50:50). The various acetabular dimensions measured were (1) breadth of acetabulum, (2) vertical diameter of acetabulum, (3) maximum depth of acetabulum, (4) linear length of acetabular notch, (5) length of acetabular rim, and (6) total length of acetabular rim with notch. The values were statistically evaluated to find out the sex and side-related differences.
Results All the parameters measured were larger in male bones as compared with female bones. Nevertheless, the difference in values was significant only for breadth of acetabulum, vertical diameter of acetabulum, length of acetabular rim, and total length of acetabular rim with notch. Also, the values were more on left side although results were insignificant.
Conclusions The results of the present study will provide reference acetabular values for North India region.
Morphometric Study of Jugular Foramen and Jugular Fossa of Dried Adult Human Skulls and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Amudha Govindarajan , Aishwarya Chandrasekaran Nandhini , Hepzibah Deborah Joy , Kesavan Vaujapuri Anandhavadivel , Vasuki Anaimalai Kandavadivelu Manicka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Jugular foramen is one of the most fascinating foramina of the human skull. It is a complex, irregular bony canal located between the occipital bone and petrous part of the temporal bone. Many important structures, like 9th, 10th, 11th cranial nerves, meningeal branch of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries, internal jugular vein, and inferior petrosal sinus, are passing through it. The jugular fossa has a septum and a dome. The septum divides the foramen into two compartments: anteromedial compartment (pars nervosa) and posterolateral compartment (pars vascularis). The dome contains superior bulb of internal jugular vein. The architecture of the foramen varies in size, shape, and laterality besides differences related to sex and race. The morphometric measurements of jugular foramen are very important for neurosurgeries and head and neck surgeries.
Objectives The aim of the present study is to study the morphology of jugular foramen along with its dimensions, compartments, presence of partial or complete septa and dome.
Materials and Methods A total number of 60 jugular foramina were examined from 30 adult dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from the Department of Anatomy, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore. Measurements were taken using Digital Vernier calipers. Results were analyzed statistically.
Results The length, width, and surface area of jugular foramen of right side were measured and compared with the left side. Length and width of the jugular foramen was significantly higher on the right side. The presence of partial septum was found in 27 skulls (90%) on the right side and 29 skulls (99.7%) on the left side, respectively. Dome was present in 100% of the jugular foramina on the right side and 90% of the jugular foramina on the left side. Separate opening for inferior petrosal sinus was found in eight skulls (27%) on the right side and four skulls (13%) on the left side.
Conclusion This study provides a clear understanding of anatomy of jugular foramen and supports the reported morphometric variations. The morphometric variations of jugular foramen in the parameters of the skull are probably due to ethnic and racial factors. Knowledge of these variations is important for neurosurgeons and radiologists who deal with space occupying lesions of the structures surrounding jugular foramen. This study may be helpful for ENT surgeons while performing middle ear surgeries.
Lymphaticovenous Bypass for Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction in Locoregional Advanced Melanoma Patients
Authors: Cakmakoglu Cagri , Kwiecien Grzegorz J. , Schwarz Graham S. , Gastman Brian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Extremity lymphedema is a dreaded complication of ilioinguinal or axillary lymphadenectomy. In conventional lymph node dissection, no effort is performed to maintain or reestablish extremity lymphatic circulation. We hypothesized that immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) could be a reproducible procedure to maintain functional lymphatic flow after ilioinguinal and axillary lymphadenectomy in patients with malignant melanoma. This is the first report describing prophylactic ILR in patients with melanoma who underwent complete lymph node dissection for gross nodal disease.
Patients and Methods We report a case series of 22 malignant melanoma patients who had axillary or ilioinguinal lymph node dissection for bulky locoregional invasion with immediate lymphatic reconstruction. A novel method to identify and select lymphatics with high flow using fluorescent lymphangiogram with indocyanine green dye gradient software is described. Surgical details, common difficulties, as well as indications are discussed. Instructional videos are also provided.
Results Our technique is reproducible, since we have successfully completed immediate lymphatic reconstruction in 22 cases consecutively. Intradermal indocyanine green injections allowed for visualization of 1 to 3 transected lymphatics after lymphadenectomy. An average of 1.8 lymphaticovenous bypass (range 1–3) was performed per patient.
Conclusion Reestablishment of lymphatic circulation after ilioinguinal or axillary lymphadenectomy in patients with melanoma characterizes a novel method that may reduce the problem of upper and lower extremity iatrogenic lymphedema. This is particularly important given the emergence of new adjuvant treatment modalities that considerably improve patients' survival after lymphadenectomy.
Gait Analysis 1 Year after Primary TKA: No Difference between Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Technique
Authors: Miozzari Hermes H. , Armand Stéphane , Turcot Katia , Lübbeke Anne , Bonnefoy-Mazure Alice 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can be achieved using dependent bone cuts. The hypothesis is that patients have a better balanced TKA, as a result. The aim of this study was to determine if this technique is superior to an independent bone cut technique in terms of gait parameters, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and satisfaction assessed before surgery and at 1-year follow-up. A total of 58 patients were evaluated before and 1 year following TKA, using the Press Fit Condylar (PFC) Sigma posterior stabilizer (PS) design; 39 (70 ± 8 years; 27 women) with independent bone cuts and 19 (71 ± 7 years; 12 women) with dependent bone cuts using the Specialist TRAM. Gait was evaluated with a three-dimensional motion analysis system for spatiotemporal and kinematics parameters. Pain and functional levels were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index (WOMAC); general health was assessed by the short form (SF)-12. Global satisfaction, as well as patient satisfaction, related to pain and functional levels were assessed using a five-point Likert's scale. No significant difference was found between both groups in terms of age, body mass index, pain, and functional levels at baseline. At 1-year follow-up, despite an overall improvement in gait, WOMAC, SF-12 physical score and pain, none of the patients showed gait parameters comparable to a healthy control group. No surgical technique effect was observed on gait, clinical outcomes, and satisfaction level. While observing an overall improvement at 1-year follow-up, we did not find any significant difference between the two surgical techniques in terms of gait parameters, patients' outcomes, and satisfaction.
Accelerometer-Based Portable Navigation System Is Useful for Tibial Bone Cutting in Modified Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tsubosaka Masanori , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Kuroda Yuichi , Takayama Koji , Hashimoto Shingo , Ishida Kazunati , Hayashi Shinya , Kuroda Ryosuke , Matsumoto Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have reported better clinical outcomes following kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA-TKA) than mechanically aligned TKA. Consistent reproduction of a KA-TKA is aided by accurate tibial bone resections using computer navigation systems. This study compares an accelerometer-based portable navigation system with a conventional navigation system on tibial bone resection and clinical outcomes in KA-TKA. This study included 60 knees of patients who underwent primary KA-TKA between May 2015 and September 2017. They were randomly assigned to the OrthoPilot and iASSIST groups. A tibial bone cut was performed with 3 degree varus and 7 degree posterior slope in relation to the mechanical axis in all cases. The tibial component angle (TCA) and posterior slope angle (PSA) were evaluated by postoperative radiography, and those that deviated more than 2 degree were set as outliers. The clinical outcomes were the knee range of motion (ROM) and 2011 Knee Society Score (KSS) evaluated at 1 year postoperation. The groups were compared in terms of the TCA, PSA, number of outliers, ROM, and 2011 KSS (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the mean TCA, PSA, number of outliers, ROM, and categories of the 2011 KSS (objective knee indicators, symptoms, satisfaction, expectations, and functional activities). Although tibial bone cuts were performed with 3 degree varus and 7 degree posterior slope, no significant difference was observed between the OrthoPilot and iASSIST groups in terms of the accuracy of cuts or postoperative clinical result. The iASSIST was found to be a simple and useful navigation system for KA-TKA.