bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illicit and Prescription Drug Misuse among Sexual Minority Women in the United States: A Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Gagnon Kelly , Frankeberger Jessica , Corey Stephanie , Folb Barbara L. , Mair Christina , VonVille Helena , Coulter Robert W. S. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The United States Institute of Medicine (IOM) published reports in 1999 and 2011 identifying drug use as a priority area for sexual minority health research, specifically focused on mechanisms contributing to drug use disparities and the development of tailored interventions. Limited research has prioritized sexual minority women (SMW) with the majority of substance use research among sexual minorities focused on adolescents and men who have sex with men. This scoping review will characterize the research literature related to illicit drug use and prescription drug misuse among SMW and sub-groups within the SMW population. Through this, we will identify: (1) specific substances used; (2) patterns of substance use; (3) risk and protective factors; (4) prevention interventions; and (5) drug treatment programs specific to SMW.
Methods/Design: This review will include studies with empirical data of illicit or prescription drug misuse among sexual minority women. Peer-reviewed quantitative research conducted in the United States and published in English from 2011-Present will be included. We will search Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts and relevant full-text studies for eligibility. Data will be extracted from eligible articles and results will be presented in narrative and tabular form as appropriate.
Discussion: This work will identify gaps of knowledge in the research pertaining to illicit or prescription drug misuse among sexual minority women since the 2011 US IOM report. As a result of this work, we will propose directions for future research to address identified gaps.
Trials in developing a nanoscale material for extravascular contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeting hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Size , Lin Xiyuan 
Published: December 2020

Background
Medical imaging is an important approach for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common life threaten disease, however, the diagnostic efficiency is still not optimal. Developing a novel method to improve diagnosis is necessary. The aim of this project was to formulate a material that can combine with GPC3 of HCC for targeted enhanced ultrasound.

Methods
A material of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) filled liposome microbubbles and conjugated with synthesized peptide (LSPMbs) was prepared and assessed in vitro and vivo. Liposome microbubbles were made of DPPC, DPPG, DSPE-PEG2000,and SF6, using thin film method to form shell, followed filling SF6, and conjugating peptide. A carbodiimide method was used for covalent conjugation of peptide to LSMbs.

Results
The prepared LSPMbs appeared round shaped, with size of 380.9 ± 176.5 nm, and Zeta potential of −51.4 ± 10.4mV. LSPMbs showed high affinity to Huh-7 cells in vitro, presented good enhanced ultrasound effects, did not show cytotoxicity, and did not exhibit targeted fluorescence and enhanced ultrasound in animal xenograft tumors.

Conclusion
Extravascular contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeted GPC3 on HCC may not be realized, and the reason may be that targeted contrast agents of microbubbles are hard to access and accumulate in the tumor stroma and matrix.
Clinical Background and Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Antigen among Infertile Women Attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Kumurya A. S. , Usman M. , Sheriff S. J. , Ngabra H. , Umar M. A. , Abdulsalam A. , Nura A. , Askira M. U. , Haruna B. A. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is an established cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain and infertility among women. It is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the world. The infection is largely asymptomatic.
Aim: The study was carried out to determine the Clinical background as well as detect the Chlamydia trachomatis antigen among infertile women attending University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH).
Methods: A survey on the Clinical background and antigens to Chlamydia trachomatis was carried out among infertile and post natal women attending fertility Clinic UMTH. A total of 65 endocervical swab samples were collected from the aforementioned group of subjects within the age of 18-47 years, out of which 45 were collected from infertile women while the remaining 20 were obtained from post-natal women to serve as control subjects. The samples were analysed by using Chlamydia Rapid Test device swab/urine (Abon Biopharm(Hangzhou), Co., Ltd) that work on the principle of immunochromatographic technique.
Results: Highest number of infertility was observed on women within the age of 30-35 years (33.3%). The result shows that those that attained tertiary educational level have the highest number of infertility (60%). The study demonstrated highest number of infertility among female civil servants (53.3%) followed by full-time house wife (33.3%). More infertility was observed among women who are not engaged in the use of contraceptive measures (95.6%). The overall result from this study shows no prevalence (0.0%) of C. trachomatis genital infection among infertile women in UMTH.
Conclusion: Further research using more sensitive and specific procedures for the detection of C. trachomatis from clinical specimens such as nucleic acid amplification tests and cell culture are recommended among infertile women in Borno State, Nigeria.
Generating Distribution Functions Based on Burr Differential Equation
Authors: Momanyi Reinpeter Ondeyo , Ottieno J. A. M. 
Published: December 2020

One of the most prominent families of statistical distributions is the Burr’s system. Recent renewed interest in developing more flexible statistical distributions led to the re-examination of Burr’s system. Solutions of Burr differential equation are expressed in terms of distribution functions. Burr [1] considered only 12 distribution functions known in literature as the Burr system of distributions, yet there are more than that in number. Studying the Burr system, it was realized that 9 of the Burr distributions are powers of cdf ′s, popularly now known as exponentiated distributions. The remaining 3 are direct solutions in terms of cdf′s. Detailed studies using generator approach techniques to generate Burr distributions has not been undertaken in literature. This motivated us to generalize solutions of Burr differential equation by generator approach. With this aim in mind, beta generator method, exponentiated generator method and beta-exponentiated generator method (a combination of beta and exponentiated generator methods) was proposed. However in this paper, we will focus on exponentiated generator technique as it generates cdf ′s. The other two generator approach techniques generate pdf′s and distributions of order statistics.
Hypo-magnesium and Hyperlipidemia Responsible for Hypertensive Status of Pregnant Women in Pakistani Population
Authors: Parveen Asia , Farooq Khan , Arshad Fatima , Mazhar Modasrah , Zahra Nureen , Sindhu Amira Saleem , Ali Qurban , Alam Rabail , Malik Arif 
Published: December 2020

Background/ Aim: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) has been a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. It could be responsible for several complications like hemodilution, altered lipid metabolism and deficiencies of different minerals in body. Although the causes of Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) remains indistinct. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the changes in magnesium serum levels and lipid profile in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: An analytical case control study comprising 60 individuals was designed. From which 30 normotensive pregnant women served as control group (A) and 30 pregnancy induced hypertensive women served as case group (B). Patients with pre-existing hypertension were excluded.
Results: The independent t-test was used for comparison of various parameters between group A and B. Triacylglycerol (TAG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly high in PIH (B) as compare to normotensive group (A). Mean serum values of TG were measured as (195.73 ± 70.28 vs 156.27 ± 55.60 mg dL-1) and LDL-C vs control (87.33 ± 37.74 vs 69.45 ± 28.58 mg dL-1) in PIH and normotensive groups respectively. HDL-C in PIH vs Control (47.40±1.12 vs 54.43 ±1.27 mg dL-1) and Mg+2 PIH vs control (1.36±0.07 vs 1.94±0.35 mg dL-1) were measured respectively. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and magnesium Mg+2 levels were significantly reduced in PIH.
Conclusion: The lower serum magnesium levels and abnormal lipids profile may indicate their possible role as risk factors in the development of PIH in pregnant women. Hence initial diagnosis of hypomagnesemia in PIH cases may help in minimizing the complications and development of new cure strategies.
Anakinra usage in febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome: an international cohort
Authors: Lai Yi‐Chen , Muscal Eyal , Wells Elizabeth , Shukla Nikita , Eschbach Krista , Hyeong Lee Ki , Kaliakatsos Marios , Desai Nevedita , Wickström Ronny , Viri Maurizio , Freri Elena , Granata Tiziana , Nangia Srishti , Dilena Robertino , Brunklaus Andreas , Wainwright Mark S. , Gorman Mark P. , Stredny Coral M. , Asiri Abdurhman , Hundallah Khalid , Doja Asif , Payne Eric , Wirrell Elaine , Koh Sookyong , Carpenter Jessica L. , Riviello James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFebrile‐infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a devastating neurological condition characterized by a febrile illness preceding new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). Increasing evidence suggests innate immune dysfunction as a potential pathological mechanism. We report an international retrospective cohort of 25 children treated with anakinra, a recombinant interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, as an immunomodulator for FIRES. Anakinra was potentially safe with only one child discontinuing therapy due to infection. Earlier anakinra initiation was associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay. Our retrospective data lay the groundwork for prospective consensus‐driven cohort studies of anakinra in FIRES.
Environment‐Responsive Lipid/siRNA Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lu Zheng‐Rong , Laney Victoria E. A. , Hall Ryan , Ayat Nadia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology to regulate oncogenes for treating cancer. The primary limitation of siRNA for clinical application is the safe and efficacious delivery of therapeutic siRNA into target cells. Lipid‐based delivery systems are developed to protect siRNA during the delivery process and to facilitate intracellular uptake. There is a significant progress in lipid nanoparticle systems that utilize cationic and protonatable amino lipid systems to deliver siRNA to tumors. Among these lipids, environment‐responsive lipids are a class of novel lipid delivery systems that are capable of responding to the environment changes during the delivery process and demonstrate great promise for clinical translation for siRNA therapeutics. Protonatable or ionizable amino lipids and switchable lipids as well as pH‐sensitive multifunctional amino lipids are the presentative environment‐responsive lipids for siRNA delivery. These lipids are able to respond to environmental changes during the delivery process to facilitate efficient cytosolic siRNA delivery. Environment‐responsive lipid/siRNA nanoparticles (ERLNP) are developed with the lipids and are tested for efficient delivery of therapeutic siRNA into the cytoplasm of cancer cells to silence target genes for cancer treatment in preclinical development. This review summarizes the recent developments in environment‐response lipids and nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy.
Ultrathin Ga2O3 Glass: A Large‐Scale Passivation and Protection Material for Monolayer WS2
Authors: Wurdack Matthias , Yun Tinghe , Estrecho Eliezer , Syed Nitu , Bhattacharyya Semonti , Pieczarka Maciej , Zavabeti Ali , Chen Shao‐Yu , Haas Benedikt , Müller Johannes , Lockrey Mark N. , Bao Qiaoliang , Schneider Christian , Lu Yuerui , Fuhrer Michael S. , Truscott Andrew G. , Daeneke Torben , Ostrovskaya Elena A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide crystals (TMDCs) have extraordinary optical properties that make them attractive for future optoelectronic applications. Integration of TMDCs into practical all‐dielectric heterostructures hinges on the ability to passivate and protect them against necessary fabrication steps on large scales. Despite its limited scalability, encapsulation of TMDCs in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) currently has no viable alternative for achieving high performance of the final device. Here, it is shown that the novel, ultrathin Ga2O3 glass is an ideal centimeter‐scale coating material that enhances optical performance of the monolayers and protects them against further material deposition. In particular, Ga2O3 capping of monolayer WS2 outperforms commercial‐grade hBN in both scalability and optical performance at room temperature. These properties make Ga2O3 highly suitable for large‐scale passivation and protection of monolayer TMDCs in functional heterostructures.
Interspecific anatomical differences result in similar highly flexible stems in Bignoniaceae lianas
Authors: Gerolamo Caian S. , Nogueira Anselmo , Pace Marcelo R. , Angyalossy Veronica 
Published: December 2020

PremiseLianas are intriguing forest components in the tropics worldwide. They are characterized by thin and flexible stems, which have been related to a unique stem anatomy. Here, we hypothesized that the anatomical diversity of lianas, varying in shapes, proportions, and dimensions of tissues and cell types, would result in different stem bending stiffnesses across species. To test this hypothesis, we chose four abundant liana species of central Amazonia belonging to the monophyletic tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) and compared their basal stems for their anatomical architectures and bending properties.MethodsMeasurements of anatomical architecture and bending stiffness (structural Young’s modulus) included light microscopy observations and three‐point bending tests, which were performed on basal stems of eight individuals from four Bignonieae species. All analyses, including comparisons among species and relationships between stem stiffness and anatomical architecture, were performed using linear models.ResultsAlthough the anatomical architecture of each species consists of different qualitative and quantitative combinations of both tissues and cell types in basal stems, all species analyzed showed similarly lower bending stiffnesses. This similarity was shown to be directly related to high bark contribution to the second moment of area, vessel area and ray width.ConclusionsSimilar values of stem bending stiffness were encountered in four liana species analyzed despite their variable anatomical architectures. This pattern provides new evidence of how different quantitative combinations of tissue and cell types in the basal stems of lianas can generate similarly low levels of stiffness in a group of closely related species.
Childhood Neurotoxicity and Brain Resilience to Adverse Events during Adulthood
Authors: Williams AnnaLynn M. , Cheung Yin Ting , Hyun Geehong , Liu Wei , Ness Kirsten K. , Ehrhardt Matthew J. , Mulrooney Daniel A. , Bhakta Nickhill , Banerjee Pia , Brinkman Tara M. , Green Daniel M. , Chemaitilly Wassim , Huang I‐Chan , Srivastava Deokumar , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study used childhood cancer survivors as a novel model to study whether children who experience central nervous system (CNS) injury are at higher risk for neurocognitive impairment associated with subsequent late onset chronic health conditions (CHCs).MethodsAdult survivors of childhood cancer (n = 2,859, ≥10 years from diagnosis, ≥18 years old) completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery and clinical examination. Neurocognitive impairment was defined as age‐adjusted z score < 10th percentile. Participants impaired on ≥3 tests had global impairment. CHCs were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.3 (grade 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe/disabling; 4, life‐threatening) and were combined into a severity/burden score by frequency and grade (none/low, medium, high, and very high). A total of 1,598 survivors received CNS‐directed therapy including cranial radiation, intrathecal methotrexate, or neurosurgery. Logistic regression estimated the odds of neurocognitive impairment associated with severity/burden score and grade 2 to 4 conditions, stratified by CNS treatment.ResultsCNS‐treated survivors performed worse than non–CNS‐treated survivors on all neurocognitive tests and were more likely to have global neurocognitive impairment (46.9% vs 35.3%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographic and treatment factors, there was a dose–response association between severity/burden score and global neurocognitive impairment, but only among CNS‐treated survivors (high odds ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42–3.53; very high OR = 4.07, 95% CI = 2.30–7.17). Cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions were associated with processing speed, executive function, and memory impairments in CNS‐treated but not non–CNS‐treated survivors who were impacted by neurologic conditions.InterpretationReduced cognitive/brain reserve associated with CNS‐directed therapy during childhood may make survivors vulnerable to adverse cognitive effects of cardiopulmonary conditions during adulthood. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:534–545
Silver Single‐Atom Catalyst for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Synthesized from Thermal Transformation and Surface Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Ningqiang , Zhang Xinxin , Tao Lei , Jiang Peng , Ye Chenliang , Lin Rui , Huang Zhiwei , Li Ang , Pang Dawei , Yan Han , Wang Yu , Xu Peng , An Sufeng , Zhang Qinghua , Liu Licheng , Du Shixuan , Han Xiaodong , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report an Ag1 single‐atom catalyst (Ag1/MnO2), which was synthesized from thermal transformation of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and surface reconstruction of MnO2. The evolution process of Ag NPs to single atoms is firstly revealed by various techniques, including in situ ETEM, in situ XRD and DFT calculations. The temperature‐induced surface reconstruction process from the MnO2 (211) to (310) lattice plane is critical to firmly confine the existing surface of Ag single atoms; that is, the thermal treatment and surface reconstruction of MnO2 is the driving force for the formation of single Ag atoms. The as‐obtained Ag1/MnO2 achieved 95.7 % Faradic efficiency at −0.85 V vs. RHE, and coupled with long‐term stability for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). DFT calculations indicated single Ag sites possessed high electronic density close to Fermi Level and could act exclusively as the active sites in the CO2RR. As a result, the Ag1/MnO2 catalyst demonstrated remarkable performance for the CO2RR, far surpassing the conventional Ag nanosized catalyst (AgNP/MnO2) and other reported Ag‐based catalysts.
β‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds: Synthesis and their Rh(II)‐Catalyzed 1,3 C−H Insertions
Authors: Jiang Liyin , Wang Zhaofeng , Armstrong Melanie , Suero Marcos G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe the first electrophilic diazomethylation of ketone silyl enol ethers with diazomethyl‐substituted hypervalent iodine reagents that gives access to unusual β‐diazocarbonyl compounds. The potential of this unexplored class of diazo compounds for the development of new reactions was demonstrated by the discovery of a rare Rh‐catalyzed intramolecular 1,3 C−H carbene insertion that led to complex cyclopropanes with excellent stereocontrol.
metaTGA: a chance for BIM in the field of MEP
Authors: Hauer Stefan , Murschetz Julian , Bres Aurelien , Sporr Andreas , Schöny Michael , Monsberger Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDas Forschungsprojekt metaTGA: eine Chance für BIM im Bereich der Technischen GebäudeausrüstungDer Einsatz von Building Information Modeling (BIM) wird in der Bau‐ und Immobilienbranche immer mehr zum State‐of‐the‐Art. Heizung, Klimatechnik, Lüftung und Sanitär (HKLS), vor allem die Qualität der Planung, spielen dabei eine immer größere Rolle, sowohl für den Energieverbrauch als auch für den Komfort eines Gebäudes. Um dabei die Vorteile von BIM nutzen zu können, ist ein qualitativ hochwertiges Datenmodell erforderlich um sicherzustellen, dass alle notwendigen Informationen eines Gebäudes über den gesamten Lebenszyklus für die weitere Verwendung zur Verfügung stehen. Dahingehend bietet das österreichische Forschungsprojekt metaTGA Lösungen für hochqualitative Datenmodelle an und untersucht im vorliegenden Aufsatz folgende Themen bzw. Fragestellungen: Wie müssen leistungsstarke openBIM‐Modelle aussehen? Wie schauen die wichtigsten Entwicklungsschritte der Modellierung aus? Wie wird erstes Feedback aus BIM Demo‐Projekten berücksichtigt? Wie unterstützt metaTGA hinsichtlich Qualitätssteigerung in BIM Projekten?
Fluorination of Ni‐Rich Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials by Fluorine Gas: Chemistry, Characterization, and Electrochemical Performance in Full‐cells
Authors: Breddemann Ulf , Sicklinger Johannes , Schipper Florian , Davis Victoria , Fischer Anna , Huber Korbinian , Erickson Evan M. , Daub Michael , Hoffmann Anke , Erk Christoph , Markovsky Boris , Aurbach Doron , Gasteiger Hubert A. , Krossing Ingo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mild fluorination of Ni‐rich NCM CAMs (NCM=nickel‐cobalt‐manganese oxide; CAM=cathode active material) with a few hundred mbar of elementary fluorine gas (F2) at room temperature was systematically studied. The resulting fluorinated CAMs were fully analyzed and compared to the pristine ones. Fluorination at room temperature converts part of the soluble basic species on the CAM‐surface into a protecting thin and amorphous LiF film. No formation of a metal fluoride other than LiF was detected. SEM images revealed a smoothened CAM surface upon fluorination, possibly due to the LiF film formation. Apparently due to this protecting, but insulating LiF‐film, the fluorinated material has a reduced electrical conductivity in comparison to the pristine material. Yet, all fluorinated Ni‐rich NCM CAMs showed a considerably higher press density than the pristine material, which in addition increased with higher fluoride concentrations. In addition, fluorination of the Ni‐rich CAMs led to the chemically induced formation of small amounts of water, which according to TGA‐MS‐measurements can be removed by heating the material to 450 °C for a few hours. Overall, the tested fluorinated NCM 811 samples showed improved electrochemical performance over the pristine samples in full‐cells with graphite anodes at 30 °C and 45 °C after 500 cycles. Moreover, the fluorination apparently reduces Mn and Co cross talk from the CAM to the anode active material (AAM) through the electrolyte during charge/discharge.