bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALK5 deficiency inhibits macrophage inflammation and lipid loading by targeting KLF4
Authors: Li Wenyan , Wang Junhua , Li Zhaofeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The transforming growth factor type-β (TGF-β) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis through binding to the serine/threonine kinase transmembrane type I and type II receptors. However, as a key type I receptor for TGF-β, the exact role and the underlying mechanism of Activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) on macrophage activation involved in atherogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, enhanced ALK5 expression was found in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) upon OX-LDL stimulation tested by RT-PCR and Western blot, which was further verified by co-immunofluorescence staining. Next, the loss-of-function of ALK5 used AdshALK5 transfection was performed to test the effect of ALK5 on macrophage activation. We observed that ALK5 silencing inhibited pro-inflammatory but promoted anti-inflammatory macrophage markers expression. Moreover, decreased foam cell formation was found in ALK5 knockdown macrophages accompanied by increased cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, ALK5 knockdown significantly increased KLF4 expression that was responsible for the attenuated macrophage activation induced by ALK5 knockdown. Collectively, these findings suggested that neutralization of ALK5 may act as a promising strategy for the management of atherosclerosis.
miR-492 promotes chemoresistance to CDDP and metastasis by targeting inhibiting DNMT3B and induces stemness in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Shuai , Xie Jian , Shi Hao , Wang Zi-wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: Metastasis and chemoresistance indicate treatment fail and progresses in gastric cancer (GC) patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and metastasis remain unclear in GC. Thus, identifying the biological indicators of chemoresistance and metastasis is particularly important. Materials and methods: We establish a role for miR-492 in GC metastasis and chemoresistance through experiments in vitro and in vivo. Results: We identified miR-492 overexpression in GC specimens and cell lines, the miR-492 expression level was inversely correlated with the prognosis of GC patients. The inhibition of miR-492 suppressed GC cell invasion and enhanced the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to CDDP treatment. In contrast, miR-492 overexpression significantly stimulated GC cell invasion and contributed to chemoresistance development. In addition, our research results indicated that the inhibition of miR-492 stimulates GC stemness, and the overexpression of miR-492 induces GC stemness. Importantly, our experiments demonstrated that miR-492 inhibitor suppressed tumor formation, and the combination treatment of miR-492 inhibitor and CDDP significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-492 exerts its anticancer role by targeting DNMT3B in GC. Conclusions: Our results suggested that inhibiting miR-492 is a novel strategy to control tumor metastasis and chemoresistance in GC.
Colorectal cancer-derived exosomal miR-106b-3p promotes metastasis by down-regulating DLC-1 expression
Authors: Liu He , Liu Yanlong , Sun Ping , Leng Kaiming , Xu Yi , Mei Liqi , Han Peng , Zhang Bomiao , Yao Kefei , Li Chunbo , Bai Junge , Cui Binbin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cancer-derived exosomal miRNAs play an important role in the development of metastasis, but the effects and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the miRNA expression profiles of 5 paired serum exosomal samples from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and non-mCRC patients via RNA sequencing. After we evaluated the differentially expressed miRNAs in 80 CRC patients, miR-106b-3p was selected as a metastasis-associated miRNA of CRC. We showed that the expression level of serum exosomal miR-106b-3p was significantly higher in CRC patients with metastasis than those without metastasis. Additionally, high serum exosomal miR-106b-3p expression in patients was correlated with a poor prognosis. Coculture of low-metastatic CRC cells with high-metastatic CRC cell-derived exosomes promoted cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was caused by the transport and transduction of miR-106b-3p in vitro. Moreover, exosomal miR-106b-3p promoted lung metastasis of CRC cells in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-106b-3p regulated metastasis by targeting deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1). A negative correlation was also identified between miR-106b-3p and DLC-1 expression in human CRC tumour tissues and in mouse lung metastatic lesions. Collectively, our study indicated that metastasis-associated miR-106b-3p from serum exosomes could be used as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC patients.
SGLT2 inhibitors – a potential treatment for Alport syndrome
Authors: Mabillard Holly , Sayer John A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlport syndrome is a rare genetic disease that results in disordered basement membrane type IV collagen resulting in occular and auditory defects as well of progressive kidney disease. Although no ‘cure’ currently exists, therapeutic blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system can slow the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Clinical trials for treatments in preventing chronic kidney disease have largely been negative over the last two decades until recent trials have shown positive cardiovascular and renal outcomes of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus. Although marketed as medications for Type 2 diabetes, SGLT2 inhibitors have been found to have additional properties that are nephroprotective which makes them a potential candidate for treatment for those with other forms of progressive kidney disease. This review discusses the evidence for the use of SGLT2 inhibitors as a potential treatment in Alport syndrome that may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and prevent patients reaching ESKD.
Physical and chemical modeling of the starless core L 1512
Authors: Lin Sheng-Jun , Pagani Laurent , Lai Shih-Ping , Lefèvre Charlène , Lique François 
Published: February 2020

Context. The deuterium fractionation in starless cores gives us a clue to estimate their lifetime scales, thus allowing us to distinguish between dynamical theories of core formation. Cores also seem to be subject to a differential N2 and CO depletion, which was not expected from the models.
Aims. We aim to create a survey of ten cores to estimate their lifetime scales and depletion profiles in detail. After describing L 183, located in Serpens, we present the second cloud of the series, L 1512, from the star-forming region Auriga.
Methods. To constrain the lifetime scale, we performed chemical modeling of the deuteration profiles across L 1512 based on dust extinction measurements from near-infrared observations and nonlocal thermal equilibrium radiative transfer with multiple line observations of N2H+, N2D+, DCO+, C18O, and 13CO, plus H2D+ (110–111).
Results. We find a peak density of 1.1 × 105 cm−3 and a central temperature of 7.5 ± 1 K, which are higher and lower, respectively, compared with previous dust emission studies. The depletion factors of N2H+ and N2D+ are 27−13+17 and 4−1+2 in L 1512, which are intermediate between the two other more advanced and denser starless core cases, L 183 and L 1544. These factors also indicate a similar freeze-out of N2 in L 1512, compared to the two others despite a peak density one to two orders of magnitude lower. Retrieving CO and N2 abundance profiles with the chemical model, we find that CO has a depletion factor of ~430–870 and the N2 profile is similar to that of CO unlike that toward L 183. Therefore, L 1512 has probably been living long enough so that N2 chemistry has reached steady state.
Conclusions. N2H+ modeling is necessary to assess the precise physical conditions in the center of cold starless cores, rather than dust emission. L 1512 is presumably older than 1.4 Myr. Therefore, the dominating core formation mechanism should be ambipolar diffusion for this source.
Formation of complex molecules in translucent clouds: acetaldehyde, vinyl alcohol, ketene, and ethanol via “nonenergetic” processing of C2H2ice
Authors: Chuang K.-J. , Fedoseev G. , Qasim D. , Ioppolo S. , Jäger C. , Henning Th. , Palumbo M. E. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Linnartz H. 
Published: February 2020

Context.Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been identified toward high- and low-mass protostars as well as molecular clouds, suggesting that these interstellar species originate from the early stage(s) of starformation. The reaction pathways resulting in COMs described by the formula C2HnO, such as acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH), ketene (CH2CO), and ethanol (CH3CH2OH), are still under debate. Several of these species have been detected in both translucent and dense clouds, where chemical processes are dominated by (ground-state) atom and radical surface reactions. Therefore, efficient formation pathways are needed to account for their appearance well before the so-called catastrophic CO freeze-out stage starts.Aims.In this work, we investigate the laboratory possible solid-state reactions that involve simple hydrocarbons and OH-radicals along with H2O ice under translucent cloud conditions (1 ≤AV≤ 5 andnH~ 103cm−3). We focus on the interactions of C2H2with H-atoms and OH-radicals, which are produced along the H2O formation sequence on grain surfaces at 10 K.Methods.Ultra-high vacuum experiments were performed to study the surface chemistry observed during C2H2+ O2+ H codeposition, where O2was used for the in situ generation of OH-radicals. These C2H2experiments were extended by a set of similar experiments involving acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) – an abundant product of C2H2+ O2+ H codeposition. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy was applied to in situ monitor the initial and newly formed species. After that, a temperature-programmed desorption experiment combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer was used as a complementary analytical tool. The IR and QMS spectral assignments were further confirmed in isotope labeling experiments using18O2.Results.The investigated 10 K surface chemistry of C2H2with H-atoms and OH-radicals not only results in semi and fully saturated hydrocarbons, such as ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6), but it also leads to the formation of COMs, such as vinyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, ketene, ethanol, and possibly acetic acid. It is concluded that OH-radical addition reactions to C2H2, acting as a molecular backbone, followed by isomerization (i.e., keto-enol tautomerization) via an intermolecular pathway and successive hydrogenation provides so far an experimentally unreported solid-state route for the formation of these species without the need of energetic input. The kinetics of acetaldehyde reacting with impacting H-atoms leading to ketene and ethanol is found to have a preference for the saturated product. The astronomical relevance of the reaction network introduced here is discussed.
Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS)
Authors: Moscadelli L. , Sanna A. , Goddi C. , Krishnan V. , Massi F. , Bacciotti F. 
Published: February 2020

Context. 22 GHz water masers are the most intense and widespread masers in star-forming regions. They are commonly associated with protostellar winds and jets emerging from low- and high-mass young stellar objects (YSO).
Aims. We wish to perform for the first time a statistical study of the location and motion of individual water maser cloudlets, characterized by typical sizes that are within a few au, with respect to the weak radio thermal emission from YSOs.
Methods. For this purpose, we have been carrying out the Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages survey of a sample (38) of high-mass YSOs. The 22 GHz water maser positions and three-dimensional (3D) velocities were determined through multi-epoch Very Long Baseline Array observations with accuracies of a few milliarcsec (mas) and a few km s−1, respectively. The position of the ionized core of the protostellar wind, marking the YSO, was determined through sensitive radio continuum, multi-frequency Jansky Very Large Array observations with a typical error of ≈20 mas.
Results. The statistic of the separation of the water masers from the radio continuum shows that 84% of the masers are found within 1000 au from the YSO and 45% of them are within 200 au. Therefore, we can conclude that the 22 GHz water masers are a reliable proxy for locating the position of the YSO. The distribution of maser luminosity is strongly peaked towards low values, indicating that about half of the maser population is still undetected with the current Very Long Baseline Interferometry detection thresholds of 50–100 mJy beam−1. Next-generation, sensitive (at the nJy level) radio interferometers will have the capability to exploit these weak masers for an improved sampling of the velocity and magnetic fields around the YSOs. The average direction of the water maser proper motions provides a statistically-significant estimate for the orientation of the jet emitted by the YSO: 55% of the maser proper motions are directed on the sky within an angle of 30° from the jet axis. Finally, we show that our measurements of 3D maser velocities statistically support models in which water maser emission arises from planar shocks with propagation direction close to the plane of the sky.
Why we need to eat milk products?
Authors: de Oliveira Cristiane Franco , de Moraes Silveira Carla Rosane , de Mello Elza Daniel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTOliveira, C.F. Calcium consumption by adolescent from public and private schools from Chapecó city. 2011. Master dissertation - Federal University Of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2011.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis as a systemic metabolic bone disease, characterized by the reduction of bone mass and deterioration of the micro architecture of the bone tissue. The mineral bone density in adults, an important component of bone resistance, depends on the peak of bone mass acquired and accumulated by 11 to 14-year-old girls and by 13 and 17-year-old boys. Sources: MEDLINE, LILACS, Scielo and PUBmed were searched for relevant Portuguese, English and spanish- language article. Objectives: This article revises the properties of calcium, the risk factors for osteoporosis as well as the various physiological and nutritional factors that may intervene in the bioavailability of calcium. Results: As a result, patients should be oriented about food rich in calcium and their daily needs. Agood bone formation is considered one of the most efficient ways to prevent osteoporosis in old age.
Deficiência de Vitamina B12 no pós-operatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica
Authors: Rocha José Carlos Gomes 
Published: February 2020

RESUMOAobesidade é uma doença crônica caracterizada por excesso de gordura corporal que se tornou a doença nutrológica mais comum em países desenvolvidos e em nosso meio. Com isso é crescente o número de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. No pós-operatório podem ocorrer deficiências de determinados micronutrientes, sendo um deles a deficiência de vitamina B12. Adeficiência de vitamina B12 pode levar a anemia grave e contribuir silenciosamente para problemas cardíacos, e neurológicos, desde os de ordem sensoriais até distúrbios psiquiátricos e da aprendizagem. Assim, as deficiências nutricionais servem para nos alertar sobre a importância da vigilância nutricional após a cirurgia bariátrica.
Bioelectrical Impedance Phase Angle: Utility in clinical practice
Authors: de Oliveira Pablo Gustavo , dos Santos Amanda Senna Pereira , de Mello Elza Daniel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe choice of the best nutrition assessment method in hospitalized patients remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to review the use of phase angle (PA) in clinical practice. PA is a parameter obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis, being a derived measure from the relationship between resistance and reactance. Because PA is dependent on body cell mass (BCM) and cell membrane functions, it has been considered a prognostic marker in several clinical conditions. BCM reflects the cellular components responsible for energy transfer and biochemical activity and is considered an excellent reference for expressing the rates of physiological processes, such as energy expenditure and proteolysis. Low PA values suggest cell death or decreased cell integrity, whereas higher PA values suggest a large amount of intact cell membranes, with a consequently better prognosis. The literature lacks studies determining PA reference values, which has prevented its use in routine clinical practice. Reference values are therefore necessary to properly evaluate possible deviations from the population mean.
Effects of oxidative stress during human and animal reproductions: A review
Authors: Berchieri-Ronchi Carolina B. , Presti Paula T. , Ferreira Ana Lucia A. , Correa Camila R. , Salvadori Daisy Maria F. , Damasceno Débora C. , Yeum Kyung-Jin 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTGiven its high ability to damage important cellular components (lipids, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid), oxidative stress is now recognized as one of the most common mechanisms associated with development of a variety of diseases and natural events such as pregnancy. During reproduction period, there is a change in the pro-oxidant and antioxidant balance due to the body and circulation modifications that are inherent to the pregnancy process. The present paper discusses the role of oxidative stress on the reproduction process. More effective defense strategies are needed to decrease the deleterious effects of oxidative-stress-induced gestation. This approach could be achieved by antioxidant status alteration. Further clinical and experimental studies are needed for better understanding of oxidative stress mechanism and the impact of antioxidant supplementation on reproduction.
Uso abusivo de aditivos alimentares e transtornos de comportamento: há uma relação?
Authors: Sá Paula , Ferreira Fabíola Amâncio , Nova Raphaella Dias Vila , Mourão Thaisa Veloso , Andrade Vera Lúcia Ângelo , Rückl Sarah 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Introdução: Aditivo alimentar é todo ingrediente adicionado sem o propósito de nutrir, empregado durante qualquer etapa da produção de um alimento, com o objetivo de modificar características físicas, químicas, biológicas ou sensoriais do alimento. Os primeiros registros de seu uso são relatados por antigos papiros egípcios cerca de 1.500 anos a.C., que utilizavam especiarias para dar maior atração às refeições. O consumo desses elementos vem se intensificando consideravelmente — nos últimos 50 anos aumentou 500% — e, com isso, dúvidas quanto à sua segurança têm surgido. Há contradições entre estudos quanto a seus efeitos patológicos, mas aqueles que os demonstram, ressaltam os transtornos de comportamento como os mais relevantes. Objetivo: Identificar se há riscos no consumo de aditivos alimentares no que diz respeito aos transtornos de comportamento. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática de literatura entre os anos de 2000 e 2015, utilizando as bases de dados eletrônicas Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, MedLine. A avaliação metodológica dos artigos foi realizada através do Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Um total de 13 artigos foi incluído na revisão. Resultados: Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade foi o transtorno comportamental prevalente. As crianças aparecem como grupo vulnerável em razão do consumo potencial de alimentos com aditivos, principalmente os corantes, e também pela imaturidade de seus aparelhos digestório e imunológico. Discussão: Os estudos não apenas correlacionam os aditivos alimentares aos transtornos de comportamento, como também consideram a dieta de remoção desses como tratamento profilático e terapêutico para o comportamento hiperativo. Conclusão: No Brasil, a relação entre aditivos alimentares e transtornos comportamentais ainda não foi investigada. Parece existir influência negativa dos resultados de pesquisas existentes, muitas vezes falseados pelas indústrias ao mascarar a quantidade de aditivos usada. Entretanto, os efeitos sobre o consumo desses não podem mais ser ignorados e o presente estudo pode servir de base para a elaboração de estratégias de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, com a finalidade de proteção e promoção à saúde.
British influence on Indian culture in the mirror of comparative literary translation
Authors: Trifunović-Ćapin Selena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Society and culture are interdependent. Religion, as an important factor of culture, offers its desired behaviour
patterns. Art always follows society and is always a part of culture. One nation’s culture can potentially be influenced by
another’s. In this paper, I have analysed the causes and consequences of the British influence on Indian culture, dating from the
sixteenth century till India’s independence in 1947. British influence is present in India’s general culture, architecture,
education system, sport, traffic, bureaucracy, fashion, infrastructure, etc. The indisputably significant British influence on the
Indian lifestyle is proved by the fact that the English language is accepted as an official language in the Republic of India. Are
the consequences, at large, bad or good? – It will probably always be an open issue for discussion. In her collection of stories
Interpreter of Maladies (1999), Jhumpa Lahiri explores and analyses various topics
related to the lives of Indian Americans. She describes and faithfully depicts their lives, both in India and outside their native
country. The paper also shows her filigree-precise sense of the reality and feelings of Indians who are in the process of
acculturation in other countries, as well as their personal and collective struggle with their own identity and the sense of
displacement. The transparency theory, advocating free translation, is focused on the equivalency concepts both formal and
dynamic, which will be analysed and illustrated in more detail in the paper.
Distinct coding of Deixis and Path in Kathmandu Newar
Authors: Matsuse Ikuko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Focusing on the Kathmandu Newar language, which
is spoken in the metropolitan area of Nepal (Kathmandu valley), this
chapter discusses the coding patterns of Deixis, which have been
relatively understudied. The chapter has two principal aims. The
first is to describe how Deixis and Path are expressed in
self-motion and various subtypes of caused motion events in
Kathmandu Newar. The second is to discuss the implications of this
analysis for the typology of motion expressions. I argue that the
pervasiveness of Deixis and its distinct coding pattern in Kathmandu
Newar permits us to distinguish between Deixis and Path.
Syntactic and semantic structures of Thai motion
expressions
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Thai expressions for a single motion event
usually take the form of a single clause that is typically composed
of serial verb phrases encoding sub-events (semantic components) of
the motion event. The present chapter aims to show that the
syntactic and semantic structures of such expressions can be
adequately formulated based on the ‘force-dynamic’ structures (cf.
Talmy 1988, 2000a) of motion events and
‘aspectual’ types (cf. Vendler
1967) of motion verbs. The event structures and verb
types that are relevant to the syntactic patterns of the expressions
reflect Thai speakers’ conventional construals for expressing motion
events in the Thai language.