bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of marine fungi on wood in South Australia
Authors: Fryar Sally C. , Hyde Kevin D. , Catcheside David E. A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A survey of driftwood and mangrove wood in South Australia revealed a high diversity of marine fungi. Across eight sites there were 43 species of marine fungi, of which 42 are new records for South Australia, 11 new records for Australia and 12 taxa currently of uncertain status likely to be new species. Sites had distinctive species compositions with the largest difference attributable to substrate type (beach driftwood vs. mangrove wood). However, even between mangrove sites, species assemblages were distinctly different with only the more common species occurring at all mangrove sites. More intensive surveys across a broader range of habitats and geographic locations should reveal significantly more species.
The seaweed resources of Peru
Authors: Avila-Peltroche José , Padilla-Vallejos Jaraj 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The coast of Peru (3.5–18°S) is one of the most productive marine areas in the world. The updated seaweed checklist reports a total of 260 specific/intraspecific taxa, of which the Rhodophyta show the highest number (185 species), followed by Chlorophyta (41 species) and Phaeophyceae (34 species). Since 2012, an increase in molecular studies has been reported mostly in Rhodophyta, while Chlorophyta and Phaeophyceae have lagged far behind. Utilization of seaweed resources has been based on artisanal collection from natural beds. These are mainly consumed fresh or salt-dried (Chondracanthus chamissoi and Porphyra/Pyropia species), or exported for polysaccharide extraction (Lessonia nigrescens, Lessonia trabeculata, Macrocystis pyrifera). Although some regulations for brown seaweed extraction exist, overexploitation is a constant threat that must be addressed. Biomass from seaweed farms accounts, at most, for only 4% of the total annual landings, and there is a decreasing trend on seaweed aquaculture production since 2012. However, some cultivation projects for C. chamissoi and Porphyra/Pyropia species are currently being undertaken. In addition, recent studies have started to explore new uses of commercial and non-commercial seaweeds. Uncovering the Peruvian seaweed diversity and establishing well sustained culture and management projects are essential for utilizing and preserving the seaweed resources of Peru.
Clinical risk assessment of biotin interference with a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay
Authors: Mumma Bryn , Diercks Deborah , Twerenbold Raphael , Valcour André , Ziegler André , Schützenmeister André , Kasapic Dusanka , Tran Nam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Biotin >20.0 ng/mL (81.8 nmol/L) can reduce Elecsys® Troponin T Gen 5 (TnT Gen 5; Roche Diagnostics) assay recovery, potentially leading to false-negative results in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated biotin and AMI misclassification risk from biotin interference with the TnT Gen 5 assay.

Methods
Biotin was measured using an Elecsys assay in two cohorts: (i) 797 0-h and 646 3-h samples from 850 US emergency department patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS); (ii) 2023 random samples from a US laboratory network, in which biotin distributions were extrapolated for higher values using pharmacokinetic modeling. Biotin >20.0 ng/mL (81.8 nmol/L) prevalence and biotin 99th percentile values were calculated. AMI misclassification risk due to biotin interference with the TnT Gen 5 assay was modeled using different assay cutoffs and test timepoints.

Results
ACS cohort: 1/797 (0.13%) 0-h and 1/646 (0.15%) 3-h samples had biotin >20.0 ng/mL (81.8 nmol/L); 99th percentile biotin was 2.62 ng/mL (10.7 nmol/L; 0-h) and 2.38 ng/mL (9.74 nmol/L; 3-h). Using conservative assumptions, the likelihood of false-negative AMI prediction due to biotin interference was 0.026% (0-h result; 19 ng/L TnT Gen 5 assay cutoff). US laboratory cohort: 15/2023 (0.74%) samples had biotin >20.0 ng/mL (81.8 nmol/L); 99th percentile biotin was 16.6 ng/mL (68.0 nmol/L). Misclassification risk due to biotin interference (19 ng/L TnT Gen 5 assay cutoff) was 0.025% (0-h), 0.0064% (1-h), 0.00048% (3-h), and <0.00001% (6-h).

Conclusions
Biotin interference has minimal impact on the TnT Gen 5 assay’s clinical utility, and the likelihood of false-negative AMI prediction is extremely low.
Age appropriate reference intervals for eight kidney function and injury markers in infants, children and adolescents
Authors: van Donge Tamara , Staub Eveline , Atkinson Andrew , Gotta Verena , van den Anker John , Risch Lorenz , Welzel Tatjana , Pfister Marc 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The use of kidney function and injury markers for early detection of drug-related glomerular or tubular kidney injury in infants, children and adolescents requires age-specific data on reference intervals in a pediatric healthy population. This study characterizes serum values for eight kidney function and injury markers in healthy infants, children and adolescents.

Methods
A single center prospective observational study was conducted between December 2018 and June 2019. Serum samples from 142 healthy infants, children and adolescents aged between 0 and ≤15 years were collected. Statistical analyses for eight markers (albumin (ALB), β2-microglobulin (B2M), β-trace protein (BTP), creatinine (SCR), cystatin C (CYSC), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), uromodulin (URO)) were performed to obtain reference intervals and associations with age, sex and weight were investigated (Pearson correlation, linear and piecewise regression).

Results
ALB and SCR increased with age (p<0.01), whereas B2M, BTP and KIM-1 values decreased with advancing age (p<0.05) in this healthy pediatric study population. CYSC showed dependency on sex (lower concentration in females) and decreased with age until reaching approximately 1.8 years; thereafter an increase with age was seen. NGAL and URO did not show any age-dependency.

Conclusions
This study provides age appropriate reference intervals for key serum kidney function and injury markers determined in healthy infants, children and adolescents. Such reference intervals facilitate the interpretation of changes in kidney function and injury markers in daily practice, and allow early detection of glomerular and tubular injury in infancy, childhood and adolescence.
Establishment of international autoantibody reference standards for the detection of autoantibodies directed against PML bodies, GW bodies, and NuMA protein
Authors: Zheng Bing , Mora Rodrigo A. , Fritzler Marvin J. , Satoh Minoru , Bloch Donald B. , Garcia-De La Torre Ignacio , Boylan Katherine , Kohl Kathryn , Wener Mark H. , Andrade Luis E. C. , Chan Edward K. L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Reference materials are important in the standardization of autoantibody testing and only a few are freely available for many known autoantibodies. Our goal was to develop three reference materials for antibodies to PML bodies/multiple nuclear dots (MND), antibodies to GW bodies (GWB), and antibodies to the nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA).

Methods
Reference materials for identifying autoantibodies to MND (MND-REF), GWB (GWB-REF), and NuMA (NuMA-REF) were obtained from three donors and validated independently by seven laboratories. The sera were characterized using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on HEp-2 cell substrates including two-color immunofluorescence using antigen-specific markers, western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), line immunoassay (LIA), addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry (IP-MS).

Results
MND-REF stained 6–20 discrete nuclear dots that colocalized with PML bodies. Antibodies to Sp100 and PML were detected by LIA and antibodies to Sp100 were also detected by ELISA. GWB-REF stained discrete cytoplasmic dots in interphase cells, which were confirmed to be GWB using two-color immunofluorescence. Anti-Ge-1 antibodies were identified in GWB-REF by ALBIA, IP, and IP-MS. All reference materials produced patterns at dilutions of 1:160 or greater. NuMA-REF produced fine speckled nuclear staining in interphase cells and staining of spindle fibers and spindle poles. The presence of antibodies to NuMA was verified by IP, WB, ALBIA, and IP-MS.

Conclusions
MND-REF, GWB-REF, and NuMA-REF are suitable reference materials for the corresponding antinuclear antibodies staining patterns and will be accessible to qualified laboratories.
The Weighted Gaussian Curvature Derivative of a Space-Filling Diagram
Authors: Akopyan Arsenyi , Edelsbrunner Herbert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The morphometric approach [11, 14] writes the solvation free energy as a linear combination of weighted versions of the volume, area, mean curvature, and Gaussian curvature of the space-filling diagram. We give a formula for the derivative of the weighted Gaussian curvature. Together with the derivatives of the weighted volume in [7], the weighted area in [4], and the weighted mean curvature in [1], this yields the derivative of the morphometric expression of solvation free energy.
Modified duality methods for solving an elastic crack problem with Coulomb friction on the crack faces
Authors: Namm Robert V. , Tsoy Georgiy I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider an equilibrium problem for an elastic body with a crack, on the faces of which unilateral non-penetration conditions and Coulomb friction are realized. This problem can be formulated as quasi-variational inequality. To solve it, the successive approximation method is applied. On each outer step of this method, we solve an auxiliary problem with given friction. We solve the auxiliary problem by using modified Lagrange functionals. Numerical results are presented.
Estimating fouling and hydraulic debottlenecking of a clarifier piping system in the expansion of a chemical manufacturing plant
Authors: Karre Avinashkumar V. , Sharma Deepak , Valsaraj Kalliat T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Debottlenecking and estimating fouling in a clarifier piping system for the expansion of an existing chemical manufacturing facility in the U.S. Gulf Coast was analyzed and modified. The existing clarifier piping system fitting data was gathered for the real-world operation from the field. This data was used in the Applied Flow Technology (AFT) Fathom, a program used to study hydraulic systems. The hydraulic results with and without recommended piping modifications along with changing piping roughness factors were also analyzed. The two piping roughness factor cases tested were roughness of 0.152 mm and fouling of 25.4 mm. The AFT Fathom results showed that without piping modifications and specifying fouling of 25.4 mm, required flow cannot be established due to insufficient driving force for liquid movement. The measured field flow data confirmed that the reduced clarifier capacity was due to high pressure losses in the hydraulic system. Also, it was found that the existing clarifier nozzle was inadequately designed originally, and replacing the nozzle showed an increase in the clarifier capacity due to reduced entrainment of the air. These modifications were further adapted in the plant expansion and operations were validated using the actual plant data. The plant data matched closely with the estimated capacities of the clarifiers. AFT Fathom hydraulic software was effective in predicting a fouling severity in the clarifier piping system and debottlenecking of the clarifier capacity was done. The conclusions derived from this study can be used all over the world where clarifiers are utilized.
Mod-two cohomology rings of alternating groups
Authors: Giusti Chad , Sinha Dev 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We calculate the direct sum of the mod-two cohomology of all alternating groups, with both cup and transfer product structures,
which in particular determines the additive structure and ring structure of the cohomology of individual groups.
We show that there are no nilpotent elements in the
cohomology rings of individual alternating groups.
We calculate the action of the Steenrod algebra and discuss individual component rings.
A range of techniques are developed, including an almost Hopf ring structure associated to the embeddings
of products of alternating groups and Fox–Neuwirth resolutions, which are new techniques. We also extend understanding of
the Gysin sequence relating the cohomology
of alternating groups to that of symmetric groups and calculation of restriction to elementary abelian subgroups.
Protective effect of Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) extract against scopolamine-induced memory loss and oxidative stress in mouse brain
Authors: Umukoro Solomon , Okoh Love , Igweze Sylvester C. , Ajayi Abayomi M. , Ben-Azu Benneth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The juice extract of Cyperus esculentus commonly known as tiger nuts (TINUT) is widely used for its numerous health promoting effects including alleviation of symptoms associated with neurological disorders. Herein, we investigated the influence of the aqueous extract of C. esculentus on cognitive disorder and the underlying changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress biomarkers in mice exposed to scopolamine.

Methods

C. esculentus (50–200 mg/kg) or saline (10 mL/kg) was given alone or with scopolamine 30 min after, to male Swiss mice (6/group) daily for seven days. We evaluated the cognitive performance using Y-maze and object recognition on day seven post-treatment. Brains of the animals were afterwards processed for spectrophotometric determination of AChE activity and contents of oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], catalase, superoxide dismutase and nitrite).

Results
The extract improves cognitive function and also upturned scopolamine amnesia in mice. The extract markedly reduced brain AChE, MDA, and nitrite contents in mice injected with scopolamine (p<0.05). It also attenuated scopolamine-induced deregulated GSH contents and antioxidant enzymes in mouse brain.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that regular consumption of TINUT might offer beneficial effects in memory-related disorders.
The effect of prior experience on diagnostic reasoning: exploration of availability bias
Authors: Monteiro Sandra , Sherbino Jonathan , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Hayden Emily M. , Howey Elizabeth , Norman Geoff 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnostic reasoning has been shown to be influenced by a prior similar patient case. However, it is unclear whether this process influences diagnostic error rates or whether clinicians at all experience levels are equally susceptible. The present study measured the influence of specific prior exposure and experience level on diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
To create the experience of prior exposure, participants (pre-clerkship medical students, emergency medicine residents, and faculty) first verified diagnoses of clinical vignettes. The influence of prior exposures was measured using equiprobable clinical vignettes; indicating two diagnoses. Participants diagnosed equiprobable cases that were: 1) matched to exposure cases (in one of three conditions: a) similar patient features, similar clinical features; b) dissimilar patient features, similar clinical features; c) similar patient features, dissimilar clinical features), or 2) not matched to any prior case (d) no exposure). A diagnosis consistent with a matched exposure case was scored correct. Cases with no prior exposure had no matched cases, hence validated the equiprobable design.

Results
Diagnosis A represented 47% of responses in condition d, but there was no influence of specific similarity of patient characteristics for Diagnosis A, F(3,712)=7.28, p=0.28 or Diagnosis B, F(3,712)=4.87, p=0.19. When re-scored based on matching both equiprobable diagnoses, accuracy was high, but favored faculty (n=40) 98%, and residents (n=39) 98% over medical students (n=32) 85%, F(2,712)=35.6, p<0.0001. Accuracy for medical students was 84, 87, 94, and 73% for conditions a–d, respectively, interaction F(2,712)=3.55, p<0.002.

Conclusions
The differential diagnosis of pre-clerkship medical students improved with prior exposure, but this was unrelated to specific case or patient features. The accuracy of medical residents and staff was not influenced by prior exposure.
Extrapolating sparse gold standard cause of death designations to characterize broader catchment areas
Authors: Lyles Robert H. , Cunningham Solveig A. , Kundu Suprateek , Bassat Quique , Mandomando Inácio , Sacoor Charfudin , Akelo Victor , Onyango Dickens , Zielinski-Gutierrez Emily , Taylor Allan W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network is designed to elucidate and track causes of under-5 child mortality and stillbirth in multiple sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia using advanced surveillance, laboratory and pathology methods. Expert panels provide an arguable gold standard determination of underlying cause of death (CoD) on a subset of child deaths, in part through examining tissue obtained via minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) procedures. We consider estimating a population-level distribution of CoDs based on this sparse but precise data, in conjunction with data on subgrouping characteristics that are measured on the broader population of cases and are potentially associated with selection for MITS and with cause-specific mortality.

Methods
We illustrate how estimation of each underlying CoD proportion using all available data can be addressed equivalently in terms of a Horvitz-Thompson adjustment or a direct standardization, uncovering insights relevant to the designation of appropriate subgroups to adjust for non-representative sampling. Taking advantage of the functional form of the result when expressed as a multinomial distribution-based maximum likelihood estimator, we propose small-sample adjustments to Bayesian credible intervals based on Jeffreys or related weakly informative Dirichlet prior distributions.

Results
Our analyses of early data from CHAMPS sites in Kenya and Mozambique and accompanying simulation studies demonstrate the validity of the adjustment approach under attendant assumptions, together with marked performance improvements associated with the proposed adjusted Bayesian credible intervals.

Conclusions
Adjustment for non-representative sampling of those validated via gold standard diagnostic methods is a critical endeavor for epidemiologic studies like CHAMPS that seek extrapolation of CoD proportion estimates.
Wetting behaviors of fluoroterpolymer fiber films
Authors: Ok Salim , Sheets Julia , Welch Susan , Liu Tingting , Kaya Savas , Cole David R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Various aspects of electrospun fibers prepared from terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and vinylidene fluoride (VDF) (THV)/acetone solutions at two applied voltages, THV/acetone solutions having Texas montmorillonite with two ratios, and THV/ethyl acetate solutions using two needle sizes are described. Fibers from THV/acetone and THV/ethyl acetate solutions showed shallow indentations and pores, respectively. The clay, functioning as electrospinning agent, did not influence the fiber morphology, but yielded narrower fiber diameter distribution and the thinnest fibers. Heterogeneous fiber diameter distribution and increase in the fiber diameters were observed by lowering the voltage for fibers of THV/acetone solutions. Fibers from THV/ethyl acetate solutions had the largest diameter and the broadest diameter distribution. Electrospun THV fibers having both hydrophobic characteristics with nearly 140° water contact angles and oleophilic properties with oil contact angles less than 45° might have applications in areas such as water/oil separation.
Automorphic Schwarzian equations
Authors: Sebbar Abdellah , Saber Hicham 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper concerns the study of the Schwartz differential equation

{
h
,
τ
}

=

s
⁢

E
4

⁡

(
τ
)

{\{h,\tau\}=s\operatorname{E}_{4}(\tau)}

, where

E
4

{\operatorname{E}_{4}}

is the weight 4 Eisenstein series and s is a complex parameter. In particular, we determine all the values of s for which the solutions h are modular functions for a finite index subgroup of

SL
2

⁡

(
ℤ
)

{\operatorname{SL}_{2}({\mathbb{Z}})}

. We do so using the theory of equivariant functions on the complex upper-half plane as well as an analysis of the representation theory of

SL
2

⁡

(
ℤ
)

{\operatorname{SL}_{2}({\mathbb{Z}})}

. This also leads to the solutions to the Fuchsian differential equation

y
′′

+

s
⁢

E
4

⁡
y

=
0

{y^{\prime\prime}+s\operatorname{E}_{4}y=0}

.
Indefinite Einstein metrics on nice Lie groups
Authors: Conti Diego , Rossi Federico A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We introduce a systematic method to produce left-invariant, non-Ricci-flat Einstein metrics of indefinite signature on nice nilpotent Lie groups.
On a nice nilpotent Lie group, we give a simple algebraic characterization of non-Ricci-flat left-invariant Einstein metrics in both the class of metrics for which the nice basis is orthogonal and a more general class associated to order two permutations of the nice basis.
We obtain classifications in dimension 8 and, under the assumption that the root matrix is surjective, dimension 9; moreover, we prove that Einstein nilpotent Lie groups of nonzero scalar curvature exist in every dimension

≥
8

{\geq 8}

.
Very degenerate elliptic equations under almost critical Sobolev regularity
Authors: Clop Albert , Giova Raffaella , Hatami Farhad , Passarelli di Napoli Antonia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We prove the local Lipschitz continuity and the higher differentiability of local minimizers of functionals of the form

𝔽
⁢

(
u
,
Ω
)

=

∫
Ω

(

F
⁢

(
x
,

D
⁢
u
⁢

(
x
)

)

+

f
⁢

(
x
)

⋅
u

⁢

(
x
)

)

⁢

d
⁢
x

\mathbb{F}(u,\Omega)=\int_{\Omega}(F(x,Du(x))+f(x)\cdot u(x))\mathop{}\!dx

with non-autonomous integrand

F
⁢

(
x
,
ξ
)

{F(x,\xi)}

which is degenerate convex with respect to the gradient variable.
The main novelty here is that the results are obtained assuming that the partial map

x
↦

D
ξ

⁢
F
⁢

(
x
,
ξ
)

{x\mapsto D_{\xi}F(x,\xi)}

has weak derivative in the almost critical Zygmund class

L
n

⁢

log
α

⁡
L

{L^{n}\log^{\alpha}L}

and the datum f is assumed to belong to the same Zygmund class.
An improved technique for low-loss material complex permittivity and permeability determination from transmission-only measurements
Authors: Yang Chuang , Wang Jian , Feng Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a novel technique based on transmission-only measurements is proposed to determine complex permittivity and permeability of low-loss materials. The proposed method removes the influences of the sample thickness and avoids the resonances in the extracted parameters. Both the experiment and simulation are applied to present the advantages of the proposed method. Compared with the well-known Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method, the proposed method shows a good performance in resonance avoidance. Compared with the conventional method based on the transmission-only measurements, the proposed method shows a good performance in accuracy.