bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report of a Patient with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xu Wenyan , Guo Zhenxing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and almost universally fatal disease in adults. Due to lack of recognition, under-diagnosis or delayed diagnosis, malignancy related HLH has a poor outcome in adults.Case Presentation A 60-year-old-female patient was admitted to our hospital with a three day history of weakness and anorexia. Physical examination revealed severe pallor without lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Initial blood test showed hemoglobin level of 26 g/L and platelet count of 76×109/L. Later the patient experienced sustained fever with a maximum temperature of 40°C for one week without any obvious infective symptoms. Biochemical examination revealed high serum ferritin and low natural killer cell viability. The bone marrow morphology showed hemophagocytosis and infiltration with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The patient was diagnosed as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with SCLC and underwent chemotherapy. However, the patient progressed rapidly and died within 2 weeks. Conclusion We reported the first HLH case with SCLC. It is critical to have an early identification of HLH in SCLC patients.
Virtual learning solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic a University Italian Ophthalmology Department Perspective
Authors: Mastropasqua Leonardo , d'aloisio rossella , Brescia Lorenza , Toto Lisa , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Agnifili Luca 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Few months after the COVID-19 pandemic burst, many aspects of the human life, including education, dramatically changed. Because of the lockdown measures taken to limit the virus spread in Italy, in-person teaching and learning have been interrupted in all health care disciplines and readapted in virtual formulae.
Methods

As an academic ophthalmology department, we had to maintain the educational needs of medical and orthoptic students, internships, surgical training of residents, as well as to cover the scientific update of health care personnel (HCPs), and the continuation of research and academic activities. To assure these needs we ideated an educational strategy and a team, which was then translated on a multichannel virtual platform created with Microsoft Teams.
Results

In this platform there were twenty-one channels organized in a public view mode, open to all Team members, or in private view mode to separate non-permanent HCPs, internships, residents, and students’ tasks, from permanent HCPs tasks. Virtual channels were dedicated to provide theoretical lessons, clinical cases, surgical video, internal meetings and webinar, to offer news from scientific societies, requests of appointments from biomedical companies, links with ophthalmological websites, to move forward research projects, to participate at institutional academic duties, and to obtain feedbacks from users. Residents continued their training on surgery using a surgical simulator, after consulting an agenda uploaded into the dedicated virtual channel.
Conclusions

These positive initial results should represent a boost to rapidly proceed with the development of even more versatile virtual learning solutions, given that the forecasts for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic are not encouraging.
ERβ1 Expression Patterns Have Different Effects On EGFR TKIs Treatment Response in EGFR Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas.
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Tian Meng , Lin Jiamao , Zhang Jianbo , Wang Haiyong , Li Zhenxiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) can regulate cellular signaling through non-genomic mechanisms, potentially promoting resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the mechanisms underlying the ERβ-mediated resistance to EGFR TKIs remain poorly understood. Methods: qRT-PCR was performed to investigate ERβ1 and ERβ5 expression levels in cell lines. The localization of ERβ and ERβ1 within cells was assessed using immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effect of estradiol and/or gefitinib on EGFR signaling pathways was determined by western blot. Cell viability and colony formation assays were used to assess gefitinib response for different cell lines. The apoptosis was verified by tunel and western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of ERβ1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Patient survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and comparisons between groups were conducted using log-rank tests. Results: PC9 cell lines stably overexpressing ERβ1 or ERβ1/ERβ5 were established successfully. Immunofluorescence revealed that ERβ5 overexpression partly retained ERβ1 in the cytoplasm. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that EGFR pathway activation levels were higher in PC9/ERβ1/5 cells than those in PC9/ERβ1 or control PC9 cells. In the presence of estradiol, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation levels were higher in ERβ1/5-expressing cells than those in ERβ1-expressing cells. Additionally, PC9/ERβ1/5 cells were less prone to the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of gefitinib compared with PC9/ERβ1 or control PC9 cells. Conclusion: Cytoplasmic ERβ1 was associated with poor progression-free survival in lung cancer patients treated with EGFR TKIs. These results suggest that anti-estrogen therapy might reverse EGFR TKI treatment resistance to some extent in selected patients.
Comparative Effects Between High-intensity Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin on New Onset Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Outcome
Authors: Choi Jah Yeon , Choi Cheol Ung , Choi Byoung Geol , Park Yoonjee , Kang Dong Oh , Jang Won Young , Kim Woohyeun , Na Jin Oh , Kim Jin Won , Kim Eung Ju , Rha Seung-Woon , Park Chang Gyu , Seo Hong Seog , Jeong Myung Ho , Chae Sung-Chull , Seong In-Whan , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Cha Kwang Soo , Oh Seok Kyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: High-intensity statin is typically used in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for secondary prevention; however, concern regarding its association with diabetes mellitus has been consistent. We investigated and compared the impact of high-intensity atorvastatin on new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) and cardiovascular outcomes with that of high-intensity rosuvastatin for a 3-year follow-up period. Methods: Data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry were collected from November 2011 to October 2015, and 13,104 AMI patients were enrolled from major cardiovascular centers. Among them, 2,221 patients without diabetes who had been administered with high-intensity atorvastatin (40–80 mg) and rosuvastatin (20 mg) were investigated. The atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups were compared and evaluated for the incidence of NODM and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) including total death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization cases in the following 3 years.Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between two groups. Event-free survival rate of NODM and MACE was not significantly different between the atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups (92.5% vs. 90.8%, respectively; Log-rank P-value = 0.550). The event-free survival rate of MACE was also not significantly different between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin groups (89.0% vs. 89.6%, respectively; Log rank p-value = 0.662). Multivariable Cox analysis revealed that the statin type was not a prognostic factor in the development of NODM and MACE. Conclusions: Administering high-intensity atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in AMI patients produced comparable effects on NODM and clinical outcome, suggesting their clinical equivalence in secondary prevention.
Combined thermotherapy and cryotherapy: an effective method for the eradication of three common viruses in cultivated apples
Authors: Liu Li , Chen Xuqiang , Yan Leiyu , Jin Yuankai , Yuanji Wang , Sun Lulong , Yang Yazhou , Zhao zhengyang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Apple virus disease is a serious problem affecting apple quality and crop production efficiency, and solutions are being actively and urgently explored. In particular, the cultivation of virus-free seedlings is being increasingly explored as an important technical method for facilitating the virus-free breeding of excellent apple cultivars. In this study, the apple cultivars ‘Ruiyang’, ‘Ruixue’, ‘Rui Xianghong’, and ‘Qinyue’ were used as source materials to compare the effectiveness of thermotherapy and combined thermo- and cryotherapy in eradicating apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and apple stem pitting virus (ASPV).
Results

Viral presence in the in vitro shoots of the four apple cultivars was detected using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All four cultivars were found to carry ASGV and ACLSV, and ‘Rui Xianghong’ and ‘Qinyue’ additionally carried ASPV. In vitro shoots of the four cultivars were subjected to varying periods of thermotherapy (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks). Shoot tips were then removed and half were cultured directly, and the remainder were cultured after cryotherapy treatment; their survival and regeneration rates were then evaluated to determine the efficiency of virus eradication after 8 months of subculture. We showed that the eradication of viruses in each of the cultivars and their survival rate are both the highest after 4 weeks of thermotherapy. When combined with cryotherapy, application of this period of thermotherapy achieved a 100% eradication of ASPV and ACLSV, and over 50% of ASGV.
Conclusions

This study demonstrated an effective methodology for developing both new virus-free plant materials and new apple cultivars that will support sustainability of the apple production industry in China and globally.
Relationship Between Blood Glucose Variability in Ambulatory Glucose Profile and Standardized Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics; A Pilot Study
Authors:   Akemi 09034837312, Okada Yosuke , Torimoto Keiichi , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background: Treatment indexes using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have become standardized internationally, and the use of ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) is currently recommended. However, the relationship between AGP indexes and standardized CGM metrics has not been investigated. Using flash glucose monitoring (FGM), this retrospective study served to evaluate the association of the inter-quartile range (IQR) of AGP with standardized CGM metrics.Methods: The study subjects were 30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 23 non-diabetic patients (control group). We evaluated average IQR (AIQR) and standardized CGM metrics. The primary endpoint was the relationship between AIQR and Time in range (TIR) in a 24-hour period.Results: In the T2DM group, the AIQR was notably high and correlated negatively with TIR, and positively with Time above range, average glucose level, SD, CV, and MODD. For the T2DM group, the AIQR was notably lower in patients who achieved TIR>70%, compared to those who did not. The AIQR cutoff value, as determined by ROC analysis, was 28.3 mg/dL for those who achieved TIR>70%. No association was detected between the presence of hypoglycemia and AIQR.Conclusions: Our study is the first to provide the AIQR cutoff value for achieving the TIR target value. The range of blood glucose variability in AGP was associated with indexes of intra- and interday variations and hyperglycemia. Our results provide new perspectives in the yet-to-be established methods for evaluation of AGP in practical clinical settings.
SPL36 encodes a receptor-like protein kinase precursor and regulates programmed cell death and defense responses in rice
Authors: RAO Yuchun , JIAO Ran , WU Xianmei , WANG Sheng , YE Hanfei , LI Sanfeng , HU Juan , LIN Han , REN Deyong , WANG Yuexing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The rice (Oryza sativa) spotted leaf 36 (spl36) mutant was identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate–mutagenized Japonica cultivar Yundao population and was previously shown to display a spontaneous cell death phenotype and enhanced resistance to rice bacterial pathogens. Through the analysis of the expression of related genes, we speculate that spl36 is involved in the disease response by up-regulating the expression of defense-related genes. The results of physiological and biochemical experiments indicated that more cell death occurred in the mutant spl36, and the growth and development of the plant were affected. We have isolated SPL36 via a map-based cloning strategy. A single base substitution was detected in spl36, which results in encoding amino acid changes in the SPL36 protein. The predicted SPL36 encodes a receptor-like protein kinase precursor that contains repeated leucine domains and may be involved in stress response of rice. In the salt treatment experiment, we found that the mutant spl36 showed sensitivity to salt. Therefore, SPL36 may negatively regulate salt stress-related responses.
The first report of the most important sequential differences between COVID-19 and MERS viruses by attribute weighting models, the importance of Nucleocapsid (N) protein
Authors: Ebrahimi Mansour , Novikov Boris , Ebrahimie Esmaeil , Spilman Alexey , Ahsan Reza , Tahsili Mohammad Reza , Najafi Mojtaba , Navvabi Samaneh , Shariaty Faridoddin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS) viruses are from coronaviridae family; the former became a pandemic while the latter confined to a limited region. Their pathogenicity and infection rates are also different; the high mortality rate for MERS with low spreading capability. To investigate the possible structural changes at RNA sequences of both virus, 1621 and 125 sequences of COVID-19 and MERS downloaded and converted to polynomial datasets and seven attribute weighting (feature selection) approaches have been used for the analysis of genomic sequences of COVID-19 and MERS viruses. The end nucleotide sequences (from 29288 to the end genome positions) selected by the most attribute weighting models to be significantly different between two virus classes followed by smaller piece at 5700 and 1750 and 7600 nucleotide positions. These parts encode Nucleocapsid (N), Papin-like protease (NSP3) and NSP4 proteins of COVID-19. The finding for the first time reports the structural differences between two important viruses at the sequential level and paves the road to decipher new emerging COVID-19 virus high pathogenicity.
Gastrointestinal parasitic infection in Gir Cattle (Bos primigenius indicus) and Jaffrabadi Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) from Junagadh, Gujarat, India
Authors: Raval Jatin V. , Sachaniya Riddhi M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coprological analysis was performed to check the presence and previlance of gastrointestinal parasites. One hundred seventy six bovine faecal samples were studied. The study reported the presence of parasitic stages of Balantidium coli, Buxtonella sulcata, Trichostrongylus spp., Toxocara vitulorum, Fasciola spp., Strongyloid spp., and Paraamphistomum spp. 43.51 % (n = 108) faecal samples from Gir cattle (Bos primigenius indicus) were positive for Gastrointestinal parasitic infections. and 36.76 % (n = 68) faecal samples from Jaffrabadi Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) were positive for Gastrointestinal parasitic infections. In Cattle Balantidium coli was found highest (20.37 %) and in Buffaloes Buxtonella sulcata was found highest (8.82%). the highest incidence was recorded during august for both cattle (6.48 %) and buffalo (7.35 %). Gastrointestinalparasitic infections in claves (< 12 Months) was higher than older (> 60 Months) and adult animals (12-60 Months). Season wise gastrointestinal parasitic infections in cattle were reported maximum (23.15 %) during monsoon. Maximum prevalence in buffalo was reported during Monsoon (16.18 %). similarly, females recorded higher infection rates than malesfor both cattle and buffalo.
β -Cell Function in Black South African Women: Associations With Insulin Clearance And Ectopic Fat
Authors: Smidt Melony Cathlin Fortuin-de , Mendham Amy E , Hauksson Jon , Alhamud Ali , Stefanovski Darko , Hakim Olah , Swart Jeroen , Goff Louise M , Kahn Steven E , Olsson Tommy , Goedecke Julia H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of ectopic fat, insulin secretion and clearance in the preservation of β-cell function in obese, black African women who typically present with hyperinsulinemia is not clear. We aim to examine the associations between disposition index (DI, a measure of β-cell function), insulin secretion and clearance and ectopic fat deposition. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 43 obese (BMI 30-40 kg/m2) black South African ( women (age 20-35 years) without type 2 diabetes that measured the following: DI, insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIRg), insulin secretion rate (ISR), hepatic insulin extraction and peripheral insulin clearance (frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test); pancreatic and hepatic fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume (magnetic resonance imaging), intramyocellular (IMCL) and extramyocellular fat content (EMCL) (magnetic resonance spectroscopy). DI correlated positively with peripheral insulin clearance before (β 55.80, p=0.002) and after adjusting for hepatic insulin extraction. Higher DI was associated with lower VAT, pancreatic fat and soleus fat, but VAT explained most of the variance in DI (32%). Additionally, higher first phase ISR (p=0.033) and lower hepatic insulin extraction (p=0.022) associated with lower VAT, independent from SI, rather than with ectopic fat. Conclusion: Peripheral insulin clearance emerged as an important determinant of DI, independent from hepatic insulin extraction. However, VAT was the main determinant of a lower DI above ectopic fat depots. Importantly, VAT, but not ectopic fat, was associated with both lower insulin secretion and higher hepatic insulin extraction, independent from SI, and may provide a novel explanation of these findings in obese black South African women.
Advanced Chelate Technology Based Trace Minerals Improve Growth Performance, Mineral Digestibility, Tibia Characteristics, and Antioxidant Status in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ghasemi Hossein Ali , Hajkhodadadi Iman , Hafizi Maryam , Taherpour Kamran , Nazaran Mohammad Hassan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Compared to the corresponding source of inorganic trace minerals (TM), chelated supplements are characterized by better physical heterogeneity and chemical stability and appear to be better absorbed in the gut due to possibly decreased interaction with other feed components. This study was designed in broiler chickens to determine the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (TM) with an advanced chelate technology based supplement (Bonzachicken) on growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia bone quality, and antioxidant status. A total of 625 male 1-d-old broiler chickens were allocated to 25 pens and assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Chelated TM (CTM) supplement was compared at 3 levels to no TM (NTM) or inorganic TM. A corn–soy-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic TM at the commercially recommended levels (ITM), i.e., iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, iodine, and chromium at 80, 92, 100, 16, 0.3, 1.2, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of CTM, i.e., match to 25, 50, and 100 % of the ITM (diets CTM25, CTM50, and CTM100, respectively). Results: All diets, except diet CTM25, increased average daily gain (ADG), European performance index (EPI), and serum total antioxidant capacity compared to the NTM diet (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the CTM100 diet had lowest overall FCR and highest BWG, EPI, tibia ash, zinc, and manganese contents (P < 0.05). The tibia phosphorus content and apparent ileal digestibilities of phosphorus, zinc, and manganese were lower in the ITM group compared with the CTM50 and CTM100 groups (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed any of the diets exhibited higher serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and lower malondialdehyde level than those fed the NTM diet, where the best values were found for CTM100 treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that while CTM supplementation to 25 and 50% of the commercially recommended levels could support growth performance, a totally replacing ITM by equivalent levels of CTM could also improve growth performance, bone mineralization and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under the conditions of this study.
Vitrification of in Vivo-derived Porcine Morulae and Blastocysts Alters Metabolic and Stress Response Pathway Alterations
Authors: Cuello Cristina , Martinez Cristina A. , Cambra Josep M , Parrilla Inmaculada , Rodriguez-Martinez Heriberto , Gil Maria A , martinez Emilio A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite reported promising farrowing rates after non-surgical and surgical transfers of vitrified in vivo-derived porcine morulae and blastocysts (range: 70-75%), their pregnancy loss is yet higher (10-20%) than it is for fresh embryos (< 2.5%). The present study was designed to investigate whether vitrification would affect the transcriptome of porcine morulae and blastocysts, using microarrays and qRT-PCR validation. Material and methods and resultsMorulae and blastocysts were collected from weaned sows (n=13) by laparotomy at Day 6 (Day 0=start of estrus). Of each embryo category, 50 morulae and 50 blastocysts were vitrified (Treatment group) while fresh morulae (n=40) and blastocysts (n=40) acted as control group. After one week of storage, vitrified embryos were cultured in vitrofor 24 h after warming. Non-vitrified morulae (n=40) and blastocysts (n=40), cultured in vitro for 24 h were used as controls. After the in vitro culture period, embryo viability was morphologically assessed. A total of 30 viable embryos per group and embryonic stage(three pools of 10), were subjected to gene expressionanalysis byusing a microarray approach. A fold change cut-off of ±1.5 and a p-unadjusted <0.05 were used to distinguish differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The survival rates of vitrified/warmed morulae and blastocysts were similar to those of the control (nearly 100%, n.s.).A total of 233 DEGs were identified in vitrified morulae (38 upregulated and 195 downregulated) and 105 (112 upregulated and 93 downregulated) in vitrified blastocysts compared to the control group.Transcriptome DEG profiles were dependent on developmental stage, and GO enrichment analysis mainly related DEGs tobiological processes.The vitrification/warming impact on morulae was mostly repression of gene expression with the exception of metabolism-related pathways. In the case of blastocysts, we noted the activation of the cell cycle, cellular senescence andof signaling pathways for TFGβ, p53, FoxO and MAPK. Disruption ofmetabolic-related pathways in morulae and steroid biosynthesis and gap junctions in blastocysts could be related to impaired embryo quality and developmental potential, despite the rather high post-warming survival rates seen in vitro.ConclusionIn conclusion, vitrification modified the transcriptome of in vivo-derived porcine morulae and blastocysts, resulting in moderate gene expression changes, which may disturb subsequent embryo development and pregnancy after embryo transfer.