bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The activity of Potassium and Phosphate Solubilizing bacteria from sugarcane rhizosphere on Some Bagasse Condition media inoculated byLignocellulolytic bacteria
Authors: Setiawati Tri Candra , Mandala Marga , Avief  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main aim of this research was to study the activities of phosphate solubilizing (PSB) and potassium solubilizing (KSB) bacteria and lignocellulolytic on some conditions of bagasse media. Six conditions of bagasse were combined with lignocellulolytic bacteria as carrier media for PSB and KSB. Bacteria activity under observation included respiration, concentration of P-total, K-total, N-total, organic carbon, the change of C/N ratio, and the change in cellulose and lignin concentration. The research results corroborated that respiration of microbial increase from D+7 (seventh days) to D+28 (twenty-eighth days) on all condition of bagasse media with maximum respiration reaching11.14mg CO2/kg/day; the population of PSB and KSB are 97.67.107cfu.g-1 and 64.17. 107cfu.g-1; the concentration of K-total and P-total, N-total, C-organic and C/N ratio decreased on all treatments media during incubation respectively.
Which is which, Biomass or Solar for Food and Energy?
Authors: Ito Nobutaka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We human beings are now facing and tackling two global issues of energy and environment. Due to the poor policy of rice production control, Rice agriculture is at stake in Japan. Half of the farmers are highly aged over 65 years and successors are not growing up. Paddy fields are not actively and efficiently used. It looks most of them have been planted to the extent of the complaint. In this paper the food and energy production from rice compared with solar power generation is discussed from the effective use of paddy fields because Rice is a buffer resource available for food and energy for sustainable development [1].
High performance CO2 gas sensor based on noble metal functionalized semiconductor nanomaterials for health and environmental safety
Authors: M V Manasa , Devi G Sarala , P S Prasada Reddy , B Sreedhar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Design, synthesis and fabrication of novel p-n type semiconducting Pd incorporated MoO3: NiO (MNP) nanocomposite via Hydrothermal protocol and Impregnation method as Carbon-dioxide (CO2) gas sensing material was demonstrated with efficient conductivity and superior stability. The formation of nanocomposites MoO3:NiO and MoO3: NiO: Pd was systematically reviewed and confirmed by x-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern, x-ray Flurescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). A plausible gas sensing mechanism was deduced in terms of adsorption—desorption phenomenon, thus addressing the feasibility and potentiality of MNP nanocomposite engineered for the development of sensitive (S = 96%), selective and stable CO2 gas sensor.
Factors affecting energy expenditure in a declining fur seal population
Authors: McHuron Elizabeth A , Sterling Jeremy T , Costa Daniel P , Goebel Michael E 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuantifying metabolic rates and the factors that influence them is key to wildlife conservation efforts because anthropogenic activities and habitat alteration can disrupt energy balance, which is critical for reproduction and survival. We investigated the effect of diving behaviour, diet and season on field metabolic rates (FMR) and foraging success of lactating northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from the Pribilof Islands during a period of population decline. Variation in at-sea FMR was in part explained by season and trip duration, with values that ranged from 5.18 to 9.68 W kg−1 (n = 48). Fur seals experienced a 7.2% increase in at-sea FMR from summer to fall and a 1.9% decrease in at-sea FMR for each additional day spent at sea. There was no effect of foraging effort, dive depth or diet on at-sea FMR. Mass gains increased with trip duration and were greater in the fall compared with summer, but were unrelated to at-sea FMR, diving behaviour and diet. Seasonal increases in at-sea FMR may have been due to costs associated with the annual molt but did not appear to adversely impact the ability of females to gain mass on foraging trips. The overall high metabolic rates in conjunction with the lack of any diet-related effects on at-sea FMR suggests that northern fur seals may have reached a metabolic ceiling early in the population decline. This provides indirect evidence that food limitation may be contributing to the low pup growth rates observed in the Pribilof Islands, as a high metabolic overhead likely results in less available energy for lactation. The limited ability of female fur seals to cope with changes in prey availability through physiological mechanisms is particularly concerning given the recent and unprecedented environmental changes in the Bering Sea that are predicted to have ecosystem-level impacts.
RootNav 2.0: Deep learning for automatic navigation of complex plant root architectures
Authors: Yasrab Robail , Atkinson Jonathan A , Wells Darren M , French Andrew P , Pridmore Tony P , Pound Michael P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In recent years quantitative analysis of root growth has become increasingly important as a way to explore the influence of abiotic stress such as high temperature and drought on a plant's ability to take up water and nutrients. Segmentation and feature extraction of plant roots from images presents a significant computer vision challenge. Root images contain complicated structures, variations in size, background, occlusion, clutter and variation in lighting conditions. We present a new image analysis approach that provides fully automatic extraction of complex root system architectures from a range of plant species in varied imaging set-ups. Driven by modern deep-learning approaches, RootNav 2.0 replaces previously manual and semi-automatic feature extraction with an extremely deep multi-task convolutional neural network architecture. The network also locates seeds, first order and second order root tips to drive a search algorithm seeking optimal paths throughout the image, extracting accurate architectures without user interaction.

Results
We develop and train a novel deep network architecture to explicitly combine local pixel information with global scene information in order to accurately segment small root features across high-resolution images. The proposed method was evaluated on images of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a seedling assay. Compared with semi-automatic analysis via the original RootNav tool, the proposed method demonstrated comparable accuracy, with a 10-fold increase in speed. The network was able to adapt to different plant species via transfer learning, offering similar accuracy when transferred to an Arabidopsis thaliana plate assay. A final instance of transfer learning, to images of Brassica napus from a hydroponic assay, still demonstrated good accuracy despite many fewer training images.

Conclusions
We present RootNav 2.0, a new approach to root image analysis driven by a deep neural network. The tool can be adapted to new image domains with a reduced number of images, and offers substantial speed improvements over semi-automatic and manual approaches. The tool outputs root architectures in the widely accepted RSML standard, for which numerous analysis packages exist (http://rootsystemml.github.io/), as well as segmentation masks compatible with other automated measurement tools. The tool will provide researchers with the ability to analyse root systems at larget scales than ever before, at a time when large scale genomic studies have made this more important than ever.
Matrix metalloproteinases and acute aortic dissection: Et Tu, Brute?
Authors: Takagi Hisato , Hari Yosuke , Nakashima Kouki , Kuno Toshiki , Ando Tomo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To summarize the present evidence for the association of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) with acute aortic dissection (AAD), we performed the first meta-analysis of all currently available case–control studies comparing circulating MMP levels between AAD patients and control subjects.

METHODS
To identify all studies investigating the levels of circulating MMPs in AAD patients, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to July 2019. The levels of MMPs in AAD patients and control subjects were extracted from each study, and the standardized mean differences (SMDs) in MMP levels were generated. The study-specific estimates were combined in the random-effects model.

RESULTS
Twelve studies enrolling a total of 458 AAD patients and 711 control subjects were identified and included. Pooled analyses demonstrated no significant differences in MMP-1 (4 studies; P = 0.21), MMP-2 (5 studies; P = 0.62) and MMP-3 levels (2 studies; P = 0.94) between AAD patients and control subjects; and significantly higher MMP-8 (2 studies; SMD 2.11; P = 0.020), MMP-9 (9 studies; SMD 1.54; P &lt; 0.001) and MMP-12 levels (2 studies; SMD 1.33; P &lt; 0.001) in AAD patients than in control subjects.

CONCLUSION
High circulating MMP-9 levels are associated with AAD, and MMP-8 and MMP-12 levels may be related to AAD.
A computation scheme based on field attenuation rate for improving regional-residual separation of potential field data set
Authors: Wang Jun , Meng Xiaohong , Li Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo further improve the accuracy of regional-residual separation of potential field data set, this paper presents a novel computation scheme based on different attenuation rate of the fields induced from deep and shallow sources respectively. For the new scheme, the observations are first upward continued to a plane above it to get an updated field. Then, the difference between the original field and the updated field is calculated. Next, a controlling parameter is set to select those data points whose amplitudes have been much reduced. The adverse effects from the residual anomalies on the fitting of the regional trend can be reduced by removing the identified local points from the original field. Finally, a low-order polynomial is utilised for approximating the regional trend, and the corresponding residual field can be obtained by simple subtraction. Compared with gradient-based methods, the proposed new scheme has better noise adaptability for distinguishing different anomalies. The accuracy of the presented scheme was tested on synthetic data with and without noise. All tests showed that the new scheme reduces subjectivity and inaccuracy of the conventional methods significantly. In addition, the scheme was applied to Bouguer gravity anomaly of the Dida orebodies in Jilin Province, northeast China. This application also verified the superiority of the proposed scheme.
Optimizing Phylogenomics with Rapidly Evolving Long Exons: Comparison with Anchored Hybrid Enrichment and Ultraconserved Elements
Authors: Karin Benjamin R , Gamble Tony , Jackman Todd R 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarker selection has emerged as an important component of phylogenomic study design due to rising concerns of the effects of gene tree estimation error, model misspecification, and data-type differences. Researchers must balance various trade-offs associated with locus length and evolutionary rate among other factors. The most commonly used reduced representation data sets for phylogenomics are ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE). Here, we introduce Rapidly Evolving Long Exon Capture (RELEC), a new set of loci that targets single exons that are both rapidly evolving (evolutionary rate faster than RAG1) and relatively long in length (&gt;1,500 bp), while at the same time avoiding paralogy issues across amniotes. We compare the RELEC data set to UCEs and AHE in squamate reptiles by aligning and analyzing orthologous sequences from 17 squamate genomes, composed of 10 snakes and 7 lizards. The RELEC data set (179 loci) outperforms AHE and UCEs by maximizing per-locus genetic variation while maintaining presence and orthology across a range of evolutionary scales. RELEC markers show higher phylogenetic informativeness than UCE and AHE loci, and RELEC gene trees show greater similarity to the species tree than AHE or UCE gene trees. Furthermore, with fewer loci, RELEC remains computationally tractable for full Bayesian coalescent species tree analyses. We contrast RELEC to and discuss important aspects of comparable methods, and demonstrate how RELEC may be the most effective set of loci for resolving difficult nodes and rapid radiations. We provide several resources for capturing or extracting RELEC loci from other amniote groups.
Encapsulating metal organic framework into hollow mesoporous carbon sphere as efficient oxygen bifunctional electrocatalyst
Authors: Xiong Wanfeng , Li Hongfang , You Hanhui , Cao Minna , Cao Rong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractApplying metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrochemical systems is a currently emerging field owing to the rich metal nodes and highly specific surface area of MOFs. However, the problems for MOFs that need to be solved urgently are poor electrical conductivity and low ion transport. Here we present a facile in situ growth method for the rational synthesis of MOFs@hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) yolk–shell-structured hybrid material for the first time. The size of the encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) is well controlled to 100 nm due to the spatial confinement effect of HMCS, and the electrical conductivity of ZIF-67 is also increased significantly. The ZIF@HMCS-25% hybrid material obtained exhibits a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction activity with 0.823 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) half-wave potential and an even higher kinetic current density (JK = 13.8 mA cm−2) than commercial Pt/C. ZIF@HMCS-25% also displays excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance and the overpotential of ZIF@HMCS-25% at 10 mA cm−2 is 407 mV. In addition, ZIF@HMCS-25% is further employed as an air electrode for a rechargeable Zn–air battery, exhibiting a high power density (120.2 mW cm−2 at 171.4 mA cm−2) and long-term charge/discharge stability (80 h at 5 mA cm−2). This MOFs@HMCS yolk–shell design provides a versatile method for the application of MOFs as electrocatalysts directly.
Influence of nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation in adults—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amenyah Sophia D , Hughes Catherine F , Ward Mary , Rosborough Samuel , Deane Jennifer , Thursby Sara-Jayne , Walsh Colum P , Kok Dieuwertje E , Strain J J , McNulty Helene , Lees-Murdock Diane J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Aberrant DNA methylation is linked to various diseases. The supply of methyl groups for methylation reactions is mediated by S-adenosylmethionine, which depends on the availability of folate and related B vitamins.

Objectives
To investigate the influence of key nutrients involved in 1-carbon metabolism on DNA methylation in adults.

Data sources
Systematic literature searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published in English were included.

Data extraction
The first author, study design, sample size, population characteristics, type and duration of intervention, tissue type or cells analyzed, molecular techniques, and DNA methylation outcomes.

Data synthesis
A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-carbon metabolism nutrients on global DNA methylation. Functional analysis and visualization were performed using BioVenn software.

Results
From a total of 2620 papers screened by title, 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. Qualitative analysis indicated significant associations between 1-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation. In meta-analysis of RCTs stratified by method of laboratory analysis, supplementation with folic acid alone or in combination with vitamin B12 significantly increased global DNA methylation in studies using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, which had markedly lower heterogeneity (n = 3; Z = 3.31; P = 0.0009; I2 = 0%) in comparison to other methods. Functional analysis highlighted a subset of 12 differentially methylated regions that were significantly related to folate and vitamin B12 biomarkers.

Conclusion
This study supports significant associations between 1-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation. However, standardization of DNA methylation techniques is recommended to reduce heterogeneity and facilitate comparison across studies.

Systematic Review registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018091898.
A 40 months follow-up of Ebola virus disease survivors in Guinea (Postebogui) reveals longterm detection of Ebola viral RNA in semen and breast milk
Authors: Keita Alpha Kabinet , Vidal Nicole , Toure Abdoulaye , Diallo Mamadou Saliou Kalifa , Magassouba N’Fally , Baize Sylvain , Mateo Mathieu , Raoul Herve , Mely Stephane , Subtil Fabien , Kpamou Cécé , Koivogui Lamine , Traore Falaye , Sow Mamadou Saliou , Ayouba Ahidjo , Etard Jean Francois , Delaporte Eric , Peeters Martine ,   POSTEBOGUI Study Group
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
With the increasing frequency and impact of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks illustrated by recent epidemics, good knowledge on extent of viral persistance or RNA detection in body fluids from survivors is urgently needed.

Methods
Ebola viral RNA shedding was studied with molecular assays in semen (n=1,368), urine (n=1,875), cervico-vaginal fluid (n=549), saliva (n=900), breast milk (n=168) and feces (n=558) from EVD survivors in Guinea (POSTEBOGUI cohort, n=802) at a regular base until 40 months after inclusion.

Results
27/277 (9.8%) male survivors tested positive for Ebola RNA in at least one semen sample. The probability of remaining positive for Ebola RNA in semen was estimated at 93.02% and 60.12% after three and six months. Viral RNA in semen was more frequent in patients with eye pain (p=0.036), joint pain (p=0.047), and higher antibody levels to Ebola virus antigens (NP (p=0.001), GP (p=0.05) and VP40 (p=0.05)). Ebola RNA was only rarely detected in other body fluids from EVD survivors : saliva (1/454) urine (2/593), breast milk (2/168), cervico-vaginal secretions (0/273), feces (0/330). RNA was detected in breast milk one month after delivery but 500 days after discharge of Ebola treatment unit (ETU) in a women who became pregnant seven months after discharge from the ETU.

Conclusions
The frequency and potential long term presence of viral RNA in semen confirm that systematic prevention measures in male survivors are required. Our observation in breast milk suggest that our knowledge on viral reservoir in immune priveledged sites and its impact are still incomplete.
Public health ethics: a flawed view of Kant’s argument from autonomy
Authors: Canning Una P 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis work explores the concept of morality as self-governing autonomy that has its origins in Immanuel Kant’s ethics. It investigates how a mistaken view of Kant’s ethics underpins a strand of debate in public health policy that is used to justify individual responsibility for health and well-being.MethodLiterature review.ResultsApplying a mistaken view of Kant’s ethics to current day public health problems is inappropriate. The work discusses the social determinants of health and the call by some in the field to adopt a Kantian approach to tackle the problems of poor health resulting from lifestyle choices.ConclusionThe paper ends by arguing for a public health policy that is grounded in collaboration and for the adoption of Health in All Policies (HiAP).
The spectral fingerprint of sleep problems in post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: de Boer M , Nijdam M J , Jongedijk R A , Bangel K A , Olff M , Hofman W F , Talamini Lucia M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep problems are a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to find a robust objective measure for the sleep disturbance in patients having PTSD.

Methods
The current study assessed EEG power across a wide frequency range and multiple scalp locations, in matched trauma-exposed individuals with and without PTSD, during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. In addition, a full polysomnographical evaluation was performed, including sleep staging and assessment of respiratory function, limb movements, and heart rate. The occurrence of sleep disorders was also assessed.

Results
In patients having PTSD, NREM sleep shows a substantial loss of slow oscillation power and increased higher frequency activity compared with controls. The change is most pronounced over right-frontal sensors and correlates with insomnia. PTSD REM sleep shows a large power shift in the opposite direction, with increased slow oscillation power over occipital areas, which is strongly related to nightmare activity and to a lesser extent with insomnia. These pronounced spectral changes occur in the context of severe subjective sleep problems, increased occurrence of various sleep disorders and modest changes in sleep macrostructure.

Conclusions
This is the first study to show pronounced changes in EEG spectral topologies during both NREM and REM sleep in PTSD. Importantly, the observed power changes reflect the hallmarks of PTSD sleep problems: insomnia and nightmares and may thus be specific for PTSD. A spectral index derived from these data distinguishes patients from controls with high effect size, bearing promise as a candidate biomarker.
The burden of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Musa Baba M , Imam Hassana , Lendel Anastasia , Abdulkadir Isa , Gumi Halima S , Aliyu Muktar H , Habib Abdulrazaq G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance on account of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) has become a major public health concern in developing countries. The presence of ESBL-PE is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. There is no active antimicrobial surveillance mechanism in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to determine a precise estimate of the burden of ESBL-PE in Nigeria. We employed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and searched electronic databases for suitable studies. We derived pooled prevalence estimates using random effects models and assessed trends with meta-regression. We found 208 studies, with 38 satisfying our inclusion criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE in Nigeria was 34.6% (95% CI 26.8 to 42.3%) and increased at a rate of 0.22% per year (p for trend=0.837). In summary, we found the prevalence of ESBL-PE in Nigeria to be high and recommend a robust national survey to provide a more detailed picture of the epidemiology of ESBL-PE in Nigeria.