bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roadmap to digitalisation of an emerging economy: a viewpoint
Authors: Paul Manas , Upadhyay Parijat , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper posits a critical analysis of digitalisation initiatives of emerging economies with a focus on India. It suggests granular policy measures towards realising the dream of a competitive, empowered and knowledge-based society. To this extent, the paper juxtaposes and compares policy measures undertaken by several governments to facilitate digitalisation in their country. The policy measures embarked upon have been critically analysed in terms of their relevance, challenges for their implementation and adoption at the back of the prevailing social and economic fabric of the country. At the same time, attempts have been made to benchmark it against the best practice standards weighed in by the industry studies. The paper has also laid down a robust agenda for future research that can be replicated for any country.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a viewpoint study based upon public data and documentary sources within India as well as publications of several countries and international agencies. Research projects of numerous multinational companies working in the area of digitalisation has been accessed and analysed as well in the study.

Findings
The findings of this study have policy implications for governments in several emerging economies who have embarked on the path of digitising their economy with the larger objectives of reaping its larger benefits but have to deal with the challenges of inadequate resources to create an effective ecosystem to facilitate such a transition.

Originality/value
The study highlights the implications of challenges of gaps of physical and socioeconomic infrastructure in driving digitalisation, highlighting granular policy measures for public managers and policy makers to address them.
Focusing iterative migration of gravity gradiometry data acquired in the Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea
Authors: Xu Zhengwei , Wan Le , Zhdanov Michael S. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTGeological interpretation based on gravity gradiometry data constitutes a very challenging problem. Rigorous 3D inversion is the main technique used in quantitative interpretation of the gravity gradiometry data. An alternative approach to the quantitative analysis of the gravity gradiometry data is based on 3D smooth potential field migration. This rapid imaging approach, however, has the shortcomings of providing smooth images since it is based on direct integral transformation of the observed gravity tensor data. Another limitation of migration transformation is related to the fact that, in a general case, the gravity data generated by the migration image do not fit the observed data well. In this paper, we describe a new approach to rapid imaging that allows us to produce the density distribution which adequately describes the observed data and, at the same time, images the structures with anomalous densities having sharp boundaries. This approach is based on the basic theory of potential field migration with a focusing stabilizer in the framework of regularized scheme, which iteratively transfers the observed gravity tensor field into an image of the density distribution in the subsurface formations. The results of gravity migration can also be considered as an a priori model for conventional inversion subsequently. We demonstrate the practical application of migration imaging using both synthetic and real gravity gradiometry data sets acquired for the Nordkapp Basin in the Barents Sea.
Cyclic lipopeptide‐producing Pseudomonas koreensis group strains dominate the cocoyam rhizosphere of a Pythium root rot suppressive soil contrasting with P. putida prominence in conducive soils
Authors: Oni Feyisara Eyiwumi , Geudens Niels , Onyeka Joseph T. , Olorunleke Oluwatoyin Faith , Salami Ayodeji Ekundayo , Omoboye Olumide Owolabi , Arias Anthony Arguelles , Adiobo Amayana , De Neve Stefaan , Ongena Marc , Martins José C. , Höfte Monica 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPseudomonas isolates from tropical environments have been underexplored and may form an untapped reservoir of interesting secondary metabolites. In this study, we compared Pseudomonas and cyclic lipopeptide (CLP) diversity in the rhizosphere of a cocoyam root rot disease (CRRD) suppressive soil in Boteva, Cameroon with those from four conducive soils in Cameroon and Nigeria. Compared with other soils, Boteva andosols were characterized by high silt, organic matter, nitrogen and calcium. Besides, the cocoyam rhizosphere at Boteva was characterized by strains belonging mainly to the P. koreensis and P. putida (sub)groups, with representations in the P. fluorescens, P. chlororaphis, P. jessenii and P. asplenii (sub)groups. In contrast, P. putida isolates were prominent in conducive soils. Regarding CLP diversity, Boteva was characterized by strains producing 11 different CLP types with cocoyamide A producers, belonging to the P. koreensis group, being the most abundant. However, putisolvin III‐V producers were the most dominant in the rhizosphere of conducive soils in both Cameroon and Nigeria. Furthermore, we elucidated the chemical structure of putisolvin derivatives—putisolvin III‐V, and described its biosynthetic gene cluster. We show that high Pseudomonas and metabolic diversity may be driven by microbial competition, which likely contributes to soil suppressiveness to CRRD.
Sexual Behavioral Disinhibition Associated with Nucleus Lentiformis Lesion: A Forensic Neuroscience Perspective Through a Case
Authors: Balcioglu Yasin Hasan , Dogan Mehmet , Incı Ipek , Solmaz Mustafa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganic brain disturbances particularly related to frontal cortex structures and subcortical areas including the basal ganglia may play a role in behavioral disinhibition disorders. Kluver–Bucy syndrome (KBS), which is one of the better knowns of these syndromes, includes hyperorality, visual agnosia, and hypersexuality, has been reported to occur after temporal lobe and amygdala lesions; however, several patients who had focal lesions in areas other than the temporal cortex and amygdala have been reported to present partial KBS symptoms. Nucleus lentiformis refers to a large portion of the basal ganglia including the putamen and globus pallidus, and specific structures within this broad area are known to be important for reward and value‐based decision making. To date, KBS symptoms including hypersexual behavior associated with nucleus lentiformis lesions have never been reported. Here, we present a 38‐year‐old male patient who developed increased sexual interest and hyperorality after infarctions in the right lenticular nucleus and right occipitotemporal region and committed a first‐degree sexual assault. He was sent to our institution for the assessment of criminal responsibility to the index sexual crime. According to a comprehensive and thorough forensic psychiatric evaluation, he was diagnosed as having an organic personality disorder with partial KBS symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of deviant sexual behavior and hyperorality developing after nucleus lentiformis infarction. We aimed to discuss possible neurobiologic explanations of late‐onset deviant sexual behavior, which resulted in sexual criminal behavior following a cerebrovascular infarction.
Suppression of inflammation during cell‐free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy using a blood purification device
Authors: Ohashi Atsushi , Nakai Shigeru , Hori Hideo , Yamada Sachie , Kato Masao , Koide Shigehisa , Hayashi Hiroki , Tsuboi Naotake , Inaguma Daijo , Hasegawa Midori , Yuzawa Yukio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, cell‐free concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy has been used to treat patients with malignant ascites. However, concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy involves enrichment and reinfusion of useful proteins and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, fever is a primary side effect and significant problem for patients with ascites. We removed IL‐6, an inflammatory cytokine, by mixing malignant ascites and the hexadecyl group adsorbent from a β2‐microglobulin‐adsorbing column (Lixelle S‐15). As a result, the hexadecyl group adsorbent did not adsorb the albumin of malignant ascites but adsorbed 43% of IL‐6. To investigate the effect of the hexadecyl group adsorbent on hepatocytes, the adsorbed ascites was added to a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2), and the gene expression levels of albumin and serum amyloid A protein were examined. After absorption, ascites showed significantly suppressed serum amyloid A protein expression and significantly increased albumin gene expression compared to before adsorption. Our results suggest that incorporation of Lixelle to filter and concentrate malignant ascites can suppress inflammatory responses and reduce the inhibition of albumin synthesis in the liver after reinfusion.
Lactate predicts the 28‐day survival rate in patients with septic shock treated with the combination of PMX‐DHP and rTM
Authors: Yamato Masafumi , Asahina Yuta , Koizumi Shintaro , Shigeki Takatomo , Yajima Ayako , Kimura Yoshiki , Iwatani Hirotsugu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe have previously reported that combination therapy with polymyxin‐B direct hemoperfusion (PMX‐DHP) and recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM) is effective in patients with septic shock accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Two previous studies reporting the favorable effect of early initiation of PMX‐DHP for septic shock did not focus on the combination therapy of PMX‐DHP and rTM. This retrospective study included 47 consecutive patients who underwent the combination therapy of PMX‐DHP and rTM for septic shock with DIC from August 2011 to August 2016. Main exposure was early or late initiation of PMX‐DHP. PMX‐DHP initiated within 12 hours after catecholamine administration was designated as early group (N = 25) and later than 12 hours as late group (N = 22). Main outcome was 28‐day survival rate. The patient characteristics were age median 73 (IQR 68‐78) years, 26 men (55%), APACHE II score 32.7 ± 7.7 and lactate 26.0 (18.0‐41.0) mg/dL. The 28‐day survival rate after PMX‐DHP initiation was 76.6% and was not significantly different in the two groups. In the early group, APACHE II score was lower (P = .02), and lactate was higher (P = .005) than in the late group. Lactate was the only predictor of 28‐day mortality [odds ratio (95%CI) per 1 mg/dL, 1.08 (1.03‐1.19); P = .037] in multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted with age, sex, APACHE II score, lactate and timing of PMX‐DHP initiation. Late PMX‐DHP initiation did not lead to statistically worse 28‐day survival rate in this combination therapy. The combination therapy of PMX‐DHP and rTM may improve the therapeutic effect of PMX‐DHP and modify the effect of early PMX‐DHP on the prognosis. Lactate may be an appropriate indicator rather than time after catecholamine administration if we discuss when to start PMX‐DHP in this combination therapy.
Cross‐culture adaptation and validation of English version of Rheumatoid Arthritis Knowledge Assessment Scale (RAKAS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Naqvi Atta Abbas , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Iffat Wajiha , Shakeel Sadia , Zia Madiha , Fatima Mustajab , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Imam Mohammad Tarique , Hossain Mohammad Akbar , Ali Majid , Haseeb Abdul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo carry out cross‐culture adaptation and validation of the English version of Rheumatoid Arthritis Knowledge Assessment Scale (RAKAS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted for 2 months in 2 tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. Sample size was calculated based on item‐subject ratio. The translation was carried out using standard procedures for translation and cross‐culture adaptation. The validation process included estimation of discrimination power, item difficulty index, factorial, convergent, construct and known group validities and reliability. Reliability of the scale was estimated using Kuder‐Richardson Formula 20 and a value of σ2 ≥ 0.6 was acceptable. SPSS v23, Remark Classic OMR v6 software and MedCalc Statistical Software v16.4.3, were used to analyze the data. The study was approved by the relevant ethics committee (IRB#NOV:15).ResultsThe mean score was 7.68 ± 2.52 (95% CI: 7.31‐8.05) for 177 patients. The σ2 = 0.601, that is, >0.6, test‐retest reliability ρ = .753, P < .05. The average discrimination power = 47.27, average Item Difficulty Index = 0.557. The fit indices were acceptable in a range that established its factorial validity and average factor loading was ≥0.7 which established convergent validity. A significant association (χ2 = 33.074, P < .01) between score interpretation and previous counseling by pharmacists established its construct validity. A significant association (χ2 = 19.113, P < .05) between score interpretation and patient occupation established known group validity.ConclusionThe English version of RAKAS was deemed a reliable and validated tool to measure knowledge about disease in Pakistani patients with RA.
Combination effects of ellagic acid with erlotinib in a Ba/F3 cell line expressing EGFR H773_V774 insH mutation
Authors: Xie Chuanqi , Kong Jindong , Miao Fujun , Wang Xuanjun , Sheng Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor H773_V774 insH (EGFR‐insH) is an EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is naturally resistant to available EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and lacks a patient‐derived cell line.MethodsA Ba/F3 cell line expressing EGFR‐insH mutation (Ba/F3‐insH cell line) was generated using an IL3‐deprivation method. A cell proliferation assay was performed to screen natural compounds that exhibit a synergistic effect with erlotinib. Trypan blue staining was used to assess cell growth and crystal violate staining was recruited to evaluate clonogenic potential. Flow cytometry was used to detect EGFR expression and cell apoptosis. A xenograft model was created to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) with erlotinib on tumor growth.ResultsEA was identified to synergistically inhibit the proliferation of Ba/F3‐insH cells with erlotinib. The growth and clonogenic potential of Ba/F3‐insH cells were definitely constrained by EA with erlotinib, whereas, the apoptosis of Ba/F3‐insH cells was dramatically promoted by the combination. In a xenograft model of the Ba/F3‐insH cell line, the combination treatment also exhibited a synergistic reduction in tumor growth.ConclusionsIn this study, we generated a Ba/F3 cell line expressing EGFR H773_V774 insH mutation and identified a synergistic treatment (EA with erlotinib) that markedly inhibited the viability of Ba/F3‐insH cells in vitro and in vivo.Key pointsOur results indicated that the combination of ellagic acid with erlotinib has synergistic effects against EGFR H773_V774 insH mutation.
Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Antagonists Play a Neuroprotective Role in Chronic Alcoholic Hippocampal Injury Related to Pyroptosis Pathway
Authors: Zhang Dingang , Liu Xiaochen , Dong Xiaoru , Zhu Rongzhe , Jiang Jieqing , Ye Yonghong , Jiang Yan 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders affect millions of people worldwide, and there is growing evidence that excessive alcohol intake causes severe damage to the brain of both humans and animals. Numerous studies on chronic alcohol exposure in animal models have identified that many functional impairments are associated with the hippocampus, which is a structure exhibiting substantial vulnerability to alcohol exposure. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to structural and functional impairments of the hippocampus are poorly understood. Herein, we report a novel cell death type, namely pyroptosis, which accounts for alcohol neurotoxicity in mice.MethodsFor this study, we used an in vivo model to induce alcohol‐related neurotoxicity in the hippocampus. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were treated with 95% alcohol vapor either alone or in combination with selective cannabinoid receptor antagonists or agonists, and VX765 (Belnacasan), which is a selective caspase‐1 inhibitor.ResultsAlcohol‐induced in vivo pyroptosis occurs because of an increase in the levels of pyroptotic proteins such as nucleotide‐binding domain (NOD)–like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase‐1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), and amplified inflammatory response. Our results indicated that VX765 suppressed the expression of caspase‐1 and inhibited the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐18. Additionally, chronic alcohol intake created an imbalance in the endocannabinoid system and regulated 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R) in the hippocampus. Specific antagonists of CB1R (AM251 and AM281) significantly ameliorated alcohol‐induced pyroptosis signaling and inactivated the inflammatory response.ConclusionsAlcohol induces hippocampal pyroptosis, which leads to neurotoxicity, thereby indicating that pyroptosis may be an essential pathway involved in chronic alcohol–induced hippocampal neurotoxicity. Furthermore, cannabinoid receptors are regulated during this process, which suggests promising therapeutic strategies against alcohol‐induced neurotoxicity through pharmacologic inhibition of CB1R.
Genetic and phenotypic consequences of early domestication in black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Rhode C. , Badenhorst R. , Hull K. L. , Greenwood M. P. , Bester‐van der Merwe A. E. , Andere A. A. , Picard C. J. , Richards C. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, is an emerging biotechnological agent with its larvae being effective converters of organic waste into usable bio‐products including protein and lipids. To date, most operations use unimproved commercial populations produced by mass rearing, without cognisance of specific breeding strategies. The genetic and phenotypic consequences of these commercial practices remain unknown and could have a significant impact on long‐term population viability and productivity. The aim of this study was thus to assess the genetic and phenotypic changes during the early phases of colony establishment and domestication in the black soldier fly. An experimental colony was established from wild founder flies and a new microsatellite marker panel was developed to assess population genetic parameters along with the phenotypic characteristics of each generational cohort under captive breeding. The experimental colony was characterised by a small effective population size, subsequent loss of genetic diversity and rapid genetic and phenotypic differentiation between the generational cohorts. Ultimately, the population collapsed by the fifth generation, most likely owing to the adverse effect of inbreeding depression following the fixation of deleterious alleles. Species with r‐selected life history characteristics (e.g. short life‐span, high fecundity and low larval survival) are known to pose particular challenges for genetic management. The current study suggests that sufficient genetic and phenotypic variations exist in the wild population and that domestication and strain development could be achieved with careful population augmentation and selection during the early stages of colony establishment.
Exosomal miR‐21/Let‐7a ratio distinguishes non‐small cell lung cancer from benign pulmonary diseases
Authors: Yang Guofeng , Wang Tao , Qu Xiangyun , Chen Shuchen , Han Ziyang , Chen Sui , Chen Mingduan , Lin Jihong , Yu Shaobin , Gao Lei , Peng Kaiming , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the exosomal miR‐21/Let‐7a ratio, a noninvasive method, in distinguishing non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from benign pulmonary diseases.MethodsThe exosomes were extracted from the peripheral blood serum using serum exosomal extraction kit. miR‐21 and Let‐7a levels were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWe found that miR‐21/Let‐7a ratio of NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that of healthy people, patients with pulmonary inflammation diseases, and benign pulmonary nodules, respectively. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis revealed that as compared with healthy controls, miR‐21/Let‐7a produced the area under the curve (AUC) at 0.8029 in patients with NSCLC, which helped to distinguish NSCLC from healthy controls with 81.33% sensitivity and 69.57% specificity. In addition, the AUC of miR‐21/Let‐7a in NSCLC patients was 0.8196 in comparison to patients with pulmonary inflammation diseases. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and specificity were 56.00% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with patients with benign pulmonary nodules, the AUC of miR‐21/Let‐7a in NSCLC patients was 0.7539. The sensitivity and specificity were 56.00% and 82.61%, respectively.ConclusionIn the present study, our findings revealed that exosomal miR‐21/Let‐7a ratio holds considerable promise as a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC from benign pulmonary diseases.
Targeting the NO‐cGMP‐PDE5 pathway in COVID‐19 infection. The DEDALO project
Authors: Isidori Andrea M. , Giannetta Elisa , Pofi Riccardo , Venneri Mary A. , Gianfrilli Daniele , Campolo Federica , Mastroianni Claudio M. , Lenzi Andrea , d’Ettorre Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA pandemic outbreak of COVID‐19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, “cytokines storm,” that causes the systemic complications of COVID‐19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability.ObjectivesNumerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)‐cyclic GMP‐phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low‐grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti‐inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID‐19 disease.Materials and methodsWe performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO‐cGMP‐PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID‐19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own “silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID‐19 (DEDALO trial).”ResultsThe reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID‐19 by (i) counteracting the Ang‐II‐mediated downregulation of AT‐1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage‐necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications.Discussion and ConclusionIf the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID‐19 in developing countries.