bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Predischarge Patient Education Combined With Postdischarge Follow-Ups on Self-Care, Readmission, Sleep, and Depression in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: CHEN Hsing-Mei , WANG Shan-Tair , WU Shyh-Jong , LEE Chee-Siong , FETZER Susan J. , TSAI Liang-Miin 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients with heart failure rarely engage in adequate self-care. Greater emphasis on self-care discharge readiness is needed.

Purpose
This study examined the effects of a predischarge educational program combined with 1 year of postdischarge follow-up on self-care behaviors, readmission, sleep quality, and depression in patients with heart failure.

Methods
A longitudinal, nonequivalent two-group pretest–posttest design was used. The intervention group received tailored education and follow-ups, whereas the control group received routine predischarge heart-failure education from direct care nurses only. Measurements included the self-care maintenance and self-care management subscales of the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and readmission rate. Data obtained at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postdischarge were analyzed using linear mixed models with both intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches. The propensity score was used to adjust for the confounding effects of the New York Heart Association functional class and left ventricular ejection fraction.

Results
Of the 62 patients with heart failure (28 in the intervention group and 34 in the control group) who were sampled at baseline, 47 (n = 25 vs. n = 22) provided data over the entire course of this 1-year study (76% retention rate). The per-protocol analysis did not find significant differences for any variables. However, the intention-to-treat analysis showed that the intervention group significantly improved in self-care maintenance at 6 months and self-care management at 12 months after hospital discharge, with fewer, albeit not significantly fewer, first and subsequent hospital readmissions than the control group.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The effect of this intervention was not found to be substantial, indicating a need to design more efficacious and powerful interventions. Hospitalized patients must receive patient education before discharge to foster their self-care knowledge and skills regarding self-care at home. Strategies are needed to help nurses provide patient education in a time-efficient manner.
Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in patients with tennis elbow
Authors: Zheng Chenxiao , Zeng Dongjie , Chen Jiayi , Liu Sijing , Li Jianyi , Ruan Zhaohai , Liang Wusheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave (ECSW) in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis (LE) of humerus.

Hypothesis:
ECSW therapy in people with LE effectively reduces the pain and gains functional rehabilitation.

Materials/Methods:
Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 2020 was searched to identify all relevant RCTs comparing ECSW therapy with any other conservative treatment, including injection and local anesthetic versus placebo or control in patients aged 18 with LE. The primary outcome is the mean overall pain score at 12 weeks after treatment. Another secondary outcome mainly included Thomsen test, 50% pain reduction, grip strength and adverse effect at 12 weeks after treatment.

Results:
Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the placebo group, ECSW cannot significantly reduce the pain score (mean deviation [MD] = -4.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.78 to 0.32, P = .07), but make more people acquire 50% pain reduction (MD = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.75, P = .008). There was no significant difference between ECSW and control in decreasing the pain score of Thomsen test (MD = -3.22, 95% CI: -14.06 to 7.62, P = .56). ECSW was more effective in Grip strength as compared with control at 12 weeks-3 months (MD = 3.52, 95% CI: 2.43 to 4.60, P < .00001)

Conclusions:
Results suggested that ECSW cannot effectively reduce the mean overall pain, but it showed more people acquire 50% pain reduction and might be a better option for the treatment of LE. Because of study limitations, additional high level of evidence, more rigorously designed large-samples and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to guide clinical practice.
Epidural steroid injection versus conservative treatment for patients with lumbosacral radicular pain
Authors: Yang Seoyon , Kim Won , Kong Hyun Ho , Do Kyung Hee , Choi Kyoung Hyo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Previous systemic reviews have examined the efficacy of individual therapeutic agents, but which type of treatment is superior to another has not been pooled or analyzed. The objective of the current study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of epidural steroid injection (ESI) versus conservative treatment for patients with lumbosacral radicular pain.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted with MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases with a double-extraction technique for relevant studies published between 2000 and January 10, 2019. The randomized controlled trials which directly compared the efficacy of ESI with conservative treatment in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain were included. Outcomes included visual analog scale, numeric rating scale, Oswetry disability index, or successful events. Two reviewers extracted data and evaluated the methodological quality of papers using the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.2 software. The heterogeneity of the meta-analysis was also assessed.

Results:
Of 1071 titles initially identified, 6 randomized controlled trials (249 patients with ESI and 241 patients with conservative treatment) were identified and included in this meta-analysis. The outcome of the pooled analysis showed that ESI was beneficial for pain relief at short-term and intermediate-term follow-up when compared with conservative treatment, but this effect was not maintained at long-term follow-up. Successful event rates were significantly higher in patients who received ESI than in patients who received conservative treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in functional improvement after ESI and conservative treatment at short-term and intermediate-term follow-up. The limitations of this meta-analysis resulted from the variation in types of interventions and small sample size.

Conclusions:
According to the results of this meta-analysis, the use of ESI is more effective for alleviating lumbosacral radicular pain than conservative treatments in terms of short-term and intermediate-term. Patients also reported more successful outcomes after receiving ESI when compared to conservative treatment. However, this effect was not maintained at long-term follow-up. This meta-analysis will help guide clinicians in making decisions for the treatment of patients with lumbosacral radicular pain, including the use of ESI, particularly in the management of pain at short-term.
Intraindividual Variability in Sleep and Levels of Systemic Inflammation in Nurses
Authors: Slavish Danica C. , Taylor Daniel J. , Dietch Jessica R. , Wardle-Pinkston Sophie , Messman Brett , Ruggero Camilo J. , Kohut Marian , Kelly Kimberly 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Disturbed sleep is common among nurses and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Inflammation may be one mechanism linking sleep and disease. However, most studies rely on retrospective questionnaires to assess sleep, which fail to account for night-to-night fluctuations in sleep across time (i.e., intraindividual variability [IIV]). We examined prospective associations between mean and IIV in sleep with inflammation markers in nurses.

Methods
Participants were 392 nurses (mean age = 39.54 years, 92% female, 23% night-shift working) who completed 7 days of sleep diaries and actigraphy to assess mean and IIV in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Blood was drawn on day 7 to assess inflammation markers C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL-1β.

Results
Greater IIV in total sleep time—measured via both actigraphy and sleep diary—was associated with higher IL-6 (actigraphy: b = 0.05, p = .046, sr2 = 0.01; diary: b = 0.04, p = .030, sr2 = 0.01) and IL-1β (actigraphy: b = 0.12, p = .008, sr2 = 0.02; diary: b = 0.09, p = .025, sr2 = 0.01), but not C-reactive protein or tumor necrosis factor α. IIV in actigraphy- and sleep diary-determined sleep efficiency was not associated with inflammation biomarkers, nor were any mean sleep variables. Shift work did not moderate any associations.

Conclusions
Nurses with more variable sleep durations had elevated levels of inflammation, which may increase risk for development of inflammatory-related diseases. Research should investigate how sleep regularization may change levels of inflammation and improve health.
Secondary Rhinoplasty in Binder Syndrome: Considerations and Management of Complex Problem With Heterologous Bone Graft
Authors: Barbera Giorgio , Raponi Ingrid , Nocini Riccardo , Della Monaca Marco , Priore Paolo , Valentini Valentino 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Binder Syndrome occurs in less than 1 per 10,000 live births. Mean features of the syndrome include arhinoid face, abnormal position of the nasal bones, intermaxillary hypoplasia with associated malocclusion, reduced or absent anterior nasal spine, atrophy of the nasal mucosa and absence of the frontal sinus. Treatment of these facial deformities is obviously surgical. In the present work, the authors describe, step by step, their technique in secondary rhinoplasty in a 36-years-old patient affected by Binder Syndrome. In this case, the authors used autologous cartilage graft and heterologous bone graft.
Satisfying results are achieved in 12 months of follow-up: graft resorption is acceptable, position of the graft is stable, the authors have no signs of infection and the patient is satisfied with the aesthetical and functional results. The authors believe that the first option, in complex nose's reconstruction, is the use of autologous grafts but, the use of cartilage heterologous bone graft should be taken in account, in the future, as a secondary option in Binder Syndrome and in malformed patients.
Macrophage Efferocytosis in Cardiac Pathophysiology and Repair
Authors: Li Yutian , Li Qianqian , Fan Guo-Chang 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
As an integral component of cardiac tissue, macrophages are critical for cardiac development, adult heart homeostasis, as well as cardiac healing. One fundamental function of macrophages involves the clearance of dying cells or debris, a process termed efferocytosis. Current literature primarily pays attention to the impact of efferocytosis on apoptotic cells. However, emerging evidence suggests that necrotic cells and their released cellular debris can also be removed by cardiac macrophages through efferocytosis. Importantly, recent studies have demonstrated that macrophage efferocytosis plays an essential role in cardiac pathophysiology and repair. Therefore, understanding macrophage efferocytosis would provide valuable insights on cardiac health, and may offer new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with heart failure. In this review, we first summarize the molecular signals that are associated with macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic cells, and then discuss how the linkage of efferocytosis to the resolution of inflammation affects cardiac function and recovery under normal and diseased conditions. Lastly, we highlight new discoveries related to the effects of macrophage efferocytosis on cardiac injury and repair.
Role of Serum Carcinoma Embryonic Antigen (CEA) Level in Localized Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: CEA Level Before Operation is a Significant Prognostic Indicator in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Therapy Followed by Surgical Resection
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Kishiwada Masashi , Hayasaki Aoi , Chipaila Jackson , Maeda Koki , Noguchi Daisuke , Gyoten Kazuyuki , Fujii Takehiro , Iizawa Yusuke , Tanemura Akihiro , Murata Yasuhiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Usui Masanobu , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Isaji Shuji , Mizuno Shugo 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The aim of the study was to identify the prognostic factors before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in the patients with localized PDAC. Furthermore, to identify the post-surgical survival predictors of patients with LAPC.

Summary of background data:
Surgical resection may occupy an important position in multimodal therapy for patients with LAPC; however, its indication and who obtains the true benefits, is still uncovered.

Materials and Method:
From 2005 to 2017, 319 patients with localized PDAC who underwent NCRT were reviewed. Only 159 patients were diagnosed with LAPC, of these 72 patients underwent surgical resection. We examined the pre-NCRT prognostic factors in the entire cohort and conducted further subgroup analysis for evaluating the post-surgical prognostic factors in LAPC patients under the pretext of favorable local tumor control.

Results:
In the entire cohort, pre-NCRT CEA value was recognized as the most significant prognostic indicator by multivariate analysis. In the 72 LAPC patients who underwent surgical resection, only high CEA level was identified as an independent dismal prognostic factor before surgery. At the cut-off value: 7.2ng/mL, survival of the 15 patients whose CEA value >7.2 ng/mL was significantly unfavorable compared to those of 57 patients with <7.2 ng/mL: Median disease-specific survival time: 8.0 versus 24.0 months (P < 0.00001). Moreover, the median recurrence-free survival time of the high CEA group was only 5.4 months and there was no 1-year recurrence-free survivor.

Conclusions:
CEA before NCRT is a crucial prognostic indicator for localized PDAC. Moreover, LAPC with a high CEA level, especially more than 7.2 ng/mL, should still be recognized as a systemic disease, and we should be careful to decide the indication of surgery even if tumor local control seems to be durable.
Yield of Screening for COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients Before Elective or Emergency Surgery Using Chest CT and RT-PCR (SCOUT)
Authors: Puylaert Carl A. J. , Scheijmans Jochem C. G. , Borgstein Alexander B. J. , Andeweg Caroline S. , Bartels-Rutten Annemarieke , Beets Geerard L. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Braak Sicco J. , Couvreur Roy , Daams Freek , van Es Hendrik W. , Franken Lotte C. , Grotenhuis Brechtje A. , Hendriks Eduard R. , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Hoeijmakers Fieke , ten Holder Joris T. , Huisman Peter M. , Kazemier Geert , van Kesteren Floortje , van Kesteren Jurre , Keywani Kammy , Kuiper Sara Z. , Lange Maurits D. J. , Lobatto Mark E. , du Mée Arthur W. F. , Poeze Martijn , van Praag Elise M. , van Rossen Jorit , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Sedee Wouter J. A. , Seelen Leonard W. F. , Sharabiany Sarah , Sosef Nico L. , Quanjel Marian J. R. , Veltman Jeroen , Verhagen Tim , van de Vlasakker Vincent C. J. , Weeder Pepijn D. , van Werven Jochem R. , Wesdorp Nina J. , van Dieren Susan , Han Alvin X. , Russell Colin A. , de Jong Menno D. , Bossuyt Patrick M. M. , Quarles van Ufford Jet M. E. , Prokop Mathias W. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Prins Jan M. , Besselink Marc G. , Boermeester Marja A. , Gietema Hester A. , Stoker Jaap 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To determine the yield of preoperative screening for COVID-19 with chest CT and RT-PCR in patients without COVID-19 symptoms.

Summary of Background Data:
Many centers are currently screening surgical patients for COVID-19 using either chest CT, RT-PCR or both, due to the risk for worsened surgical outcomes and nosocomial spread. The optimal design and yield of such a strategy are currently unknown.

Methods:
This multicenter study included consecutive adult patients without COVID-19 symptoms who underwent preoperative screening using chest CT and RT-PCR before elective or emergency surgery under general anesthesia.

Results:
A total of 2093 patients without COVID-19 symptoms were included in 14 participating centers; 1224 were screened by CT and RT-PCR and 869 by chest CT only. The positive yield of screening using a combination of chest CT and RT-PCR was 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–2.1]. Individual yields were 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2–1.1) for chest CT and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6–1.7) for RT-PCR; the incremental yield of chest CT was 0.4%. In relation to COVID-19 community prevalence, up to ∼6% positive RT-PCR was found for a daily hospital admission rate >1.5 per 100,000 inhabitants, and around 1.0% for lower prevalence.

Conclusions:
One in every 100 patients without COVID-19 symptoms tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with RT-PCR; this yield increased in conjunction with community prevalence. The added value of chest CT was limited. Preoperative screening allowed us to take adequate precautions for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in a surgical population, whereas negative patients needed only routine procedures.
SARS-Cov-2 Was Not Found in the Peritoneal Fluid of an Asymptomatic Patient Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: Romero-Velez Gustavo , Pereira Xavier , Zenilman Ariela , Camacho Diego 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The safety of laparoscopic surgery in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients remains unclear. The presence of the virus within peritoneal fluid and the peritoneal tissues is not known. We report an asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy with negative peritoneal sampling for SARS-CoV-2.

Materials and Methods:
During a standard 3 port laparoscopic surgery samples peritoneal fluid, peritoneal brushings, and surgical smoke plum were collected. Specific real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction targeting SARS-CoV-2 were used to detect the presence of the virus in the samples.

Results:
SARS-CoV-2 was not detected on multiple samples of the peritoneum in an asymptomatic patient.

Conclusions:
SARS-CoV-2 was not found in the peritoneum of a single patient with asymptomatic infection. Further studies comparing SARS-CoV-2 surgical candidates are needed to address safety concerns.
Hawking radiation in optics and beyond
Authors: Aguero-Santacruz Raul , Bermudez David 
Published: July 2020

Hawking radiation was originally proposed in astrophysics, but it has been generalized and extended to other physical systems receiving the name of analogue Hawking radiation. In the last two decades, several attempts have been made to measure it in a laboratory, and one of the most successful systems is in optics. Light interacting in a dielectric material causes an analogue Hawking effect, in fact, its stimulated version has already been detected and the search for the spontaneous signal is currently ongoing. We briefly review the general derivation of Hawking radiation, then we focus on the optical analogue and present some novel numerical results. Finally, we call for a generalization of the term Hawking radiation.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The next generation of analogue gravity experiments’.
Trapped-ion toolkit for studies of quantum harmonic oscillators under extreme conditions
Authors: Wittemer Matthias , Schröder Jan-Philipp , Hakelberg Frederick , Kiefer Philip , Fey Christian , Schuetzhold Ralf , Warring Ulrich , Schaetz Tobias 
Published: July 2020

Many phenomena described in relativistic quantum field theory are inaccessible to direct observations, but analogue processes studied under well-defined laboratory conditions can present an alternative perspective. Recently, we demonstrated an analogy of particle creation using an intrinsically robust motional mode of two trapped atomic ions. Here, we substantially extend our classical control techniques by implementing machine-learning strategies in our platform and, consequently, increase the accessible parameter regime. As a proof of methodology, we present experimental results of multiple quenches and parametric modulation of an unprotected motional mode of a single ion, demonstrating the increased level of real-time control. In combination with previous results, we enable future experiments that may yield entanglement generation using a process in analogy to Hawking radiation.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The next generation of analogue gravity experiments’.
Optical analogue gravity physics: resonant radiation
Authors: Petty Jack , König Friedrich 
Published: July 2020

The photonic crystal fibre (PCF) is a unique medium giving us the opportunity to perform experiments in carefully chosen regimes with precision and control. Using PCFs, we can perform analogue gravity experiments to study the physics of Hawking radiation and related processes such as resonant radiation. We discuss the similarities and differences between these processes and experimentally investigate the limits of effects of this type, dis- covering a new regime of record efficiency. We measure a 60% energy conversion efficiency from a pump to a visible femtosecond pulse by the process of resonant radiation, and demonstrate its extraordinary tunability in wavelength and bandwidth. Beyond analogue gravity, these femtosecond visible pulses provide a desirable laser source useful across a variety of modern scientific fields.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The next generation of analogue gravity experiments’.
Optical analogues of black-hole horizons
Authors: Rosenberg Yuval 
Published: July 2020

Hawking radiation is unlikely to be measured from a real black hole, but can be tested in laboratory analogues. It was predicted as a consequence of quantum mechanics and general relativity, but turned out to be more universal. A refractive index perturbation produces an optical analogue of the black-hole horizon and Hawking radiation that is made of light. We discuss the central and recent experiments of the optical analogue, using hands-on physics. We stress the roles of classical fields, negative frequencies, ‘regular optics’ and dispersion. Opportunities and challenges ahead are briefly mentioned.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The next generation of analogue gravity experiments’.
Classical hydrodynamics for analogue space–times: open channel flows and thin films
Authors: Rousseaux Germain , Kellay Hamid 
Published: July 2020

Here we review the way to build analogue space–times in open channel flows by looking at the flow phase diagram and the corresponding analogue experiments performed during the last years in the associated flow regimes. Thin films like the circular jump with different dispersive properties are discussed with the introduction of a brand new system for the next generation of analogue gravity experiments: flowing soap films with their capillary/elastic waves.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The next generation of analogue gravity experiments’.