bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SORPTION CAPACITY OF MOSSES AND LICHENS OF ZAURALIE IN RELATION TO LEAD IONS
Authors: Mostalygina Lidiya Vital'yevna , Elizarova Svetlana Nikolayevna , Kostin Aleksandr Vadimovich 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study is mosses and lichens of the Kurgan region for use as sorbents of heavy metals.
The sorption of lead ions (II) is studied on the native and mechanochemically activated samples of true moss (Pleurozium schreberi), white moss (Sphagnum fuscum), lichen genus cladonia: cladoniaforest (Cladonia sylvatica) and cladonia horned (Cladonia cornuta), growing in the ecologically clean districts of Zauralie.
The concentration of lead ions in model solutions has been measured ionometrically (ion-selective electrode – XC-Pb-001). The specific surface area of natural sorbents has been determined using the classical dynamic method of low-temperature adsorption of inert gases (Sorbi®-MS device).
Sorption isotherms have been obtained. The sorption kinetics has been studied. Equilibration time varies from 30 to 45 min. It is shown that the maximum sorption of lead ions (is) on white moss (a=0.25 mmol/g). The mathematical treatment of sorption isotherms has been fulfilled, actual values of empirical constants of Freundlich’s and Langmuir’s equations and correlation coefficients have been calculated. Langmuir’s model is most suitable to describe the sorption processes.
All the used sorbents are macroporous. The mechanochemical activation of moss and lichen with solid sodium hydrogen carbonate leads to an increase in the sorption of lead ions (II) by 2–3 times, which is an indirect confirmation of the ion-exchange mechanism of sorption.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF EUPHORBIA TRIODONTA PLANT POLYPHENOLS BY CHROMATO-MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Ziyavitdinov Zhamollitdin Fazlitdinovich , Abdulla Rahima , Oshchepkova Yuliya Igorevna , Abdulladzhanova Nodira Gulyamzhanovna , Salikhov Shavkat Ismailovich 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this work is to study the composition of polyphenols contained in plants of Euphorbia triodontus Prokh., growing throughout the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular the Ferghana Valley region, using a high-performance liquid chromatograph with a diode-matrix detector (HPLC-DAD) and a tandem chromato-mass spectrometer (HPLC – Q-TOF-MS/MS).
The roots of the plant Euphorbia triodontus Prokh., growing on the territory of Uzbekistan, collected in the period after flowering, studied the polyphenolic composition. For the first time from this type of Euphorbia, the method of stepwise hydrophobic chromatography was used to isolate polyphenolic fractions. By HPLC, as a result of semi-preparative chromatography, 6 individual compounds were isolated from the fraction eluted with a 20% methanol solution in the amount of: E-20-1 – 7 mg, E-20-2 – 22 mg, E-20-3 – 14.2 mg, E-20-4 – 41 mg, E-20-5 – 11.4 mg and E-20-6 – 32 mg. As a result of mass spectrometric analyzes, it was established that the polyphenols isolated in an individual state consist of gallic acid and glucose linked by an ester bond: O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. The structure of individual compounds was determined: E-20-1 – 1-O-meta-trigalloyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(4-O-β-D)-1-O-meta-trigalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-2 – 1-O-meta-trihalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-3 – 1-O-meta-tetragalloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-4 – 1-O-meta-trigalloyl-4-O-haloyl-β-D-glucose, E-20-5 – 2,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and E-20-6 – 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose.
IMPROVING THE METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF CAROTENOIDS IN THE RAW MATERIAL “ROSEHIP FRUIT”
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Sharova Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Afanaseva Polina Valeriyevna 
Published: November 2020

The fruits of wild rose (Fructus Rosae) have been widely used in both traditional and officinal medicine for the long time. The pharmacological effect of the Rosehip medicine is related to the content of such biologically active compounds as: water-soluble (ascorbic acid) and fat-soluble (carotenoids) vitamins, as well as flavonoids (astragalin, isoquercitrin, tiliroside). Such medicine as Holosas, Carotolin and Rosehip syrup are obtained from the fruits of this plant. In addition, wild rose fruits are part of the various fees from which patients could prepare water infusions at home themselves.
Regulatory documentation provides for the analysis of Rosehip raw materials three parameters: the content of ascorbic acid, the total carotenoids and flavonoids. The quantitative content of the total carotenoids in the fruits of the rosehip is regulated for the production of rosehip oil and Carotolin. However, in our opinion, the method of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids, described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition, is too complicated and contains an unreasonably entered coefficient in the formula, leading to an overestimation of the analysis results in 10 times.
We have developed the methodic of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids in Rosehip, that include single extraction of raw materials with hexane at room temperature and periodic mixing in the ratio of «raw material : extract» 1 : 30. Investigated solution there was obtained by diluting the hexane extract in the ratio of 2:25 and measured the optical density at wavelength 450 nm. Adjustments have been made to the formula for the calculating of the total carotenoids relating to the removal of the coefficient 10 unjustifiably entered into the pharmacopoeial methodic. It was determined that the content of the total carotenoids calculated on ß-carotene varied from 10.15 to 74.5 mg%. The metrological characteristics of the methodic indicate that the error of a single determination of the total carotenoids in the rosehip fruits with a 95% confidence level is ± 3.57%. Based on the results of the studies, a new test quality indicators “content of the total carotenoids at least 30 mg%” was substantiated instead of 300 mg%.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF COMPLEXOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CAL-CIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN MEDICINAL PLANT MATERIALS (ON THE GRASS PERSICARIA MACULOSA GRAY.)
Authors: Chistyakova Anna Sergeyevna , Gudkova Alevtina Alekseyevna , Trineeva Ol'ga Valer'yevna , Sorokina Alla Anatol'yevna , Vasil’eva Sof'ya Aleksandrovna 
Published: November 2020

The relevance of the study of the mineral composition of plant objects is undoubted. In plant organisms, macro and micronutrients are present in an easily digestible form. The macroelements most accumulated in plants include calcium and magnesium, whose sources are members of the family Polygonaceae Juss, in particular the genus Persicaria Mill. The aim of the work was to develop a technique for quantitative complexometric determination of calcium and magnesium in plant raw materials after the burning procedure and its validation.
As a result, optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of calcium and magnesium in plant objects were experimentally selected using the example of Persicaria maculosa Gray. mountaineer grass using complexometric titration after ashing and calcination. For the determination of calcium, the optimum pH value is 11–12, the acidic indicator is dark blue – chromium, the optimum pH for magnesium is 8–9, the indicator is pyrocatechol violet. The calcium content in the plant varies from 0.12% to 0.58%, the amount of magnesium is about 0.02%. The relative error of the mean determination with a 95% probability was no more than 1.60% and no more than 1.84% when determining calcium and magnesium, respectively. Studies have shown the validity of the developed methodology for indicators of authenticity, precision (convergence, reproducibility), specificity, linearity.
INFLUENCE OF EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY ON THE CONTENT OF PHENOLS, FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIOXI-DANT ACTIVITY FOR HIPS (ROSA L.), OAK BARK (QUERCUS ROBUR L.), ROOT RHENA (RHEUM OFFICINALE), GINSENG ROOT (PANAX L.), KIDNEY BIRCH (BETULA L.)
Authors: Makarova Nadezhda Viktorovna , Ignatova Dinara Fanisovna , Eremeeva Наталья Борисовна 
Published: November 2020

Plant materials have huge untapped potential in Russia. It has potential antioxidant properties, contains a large number of biologically active substances. As a result of a comparative study of the content of phenols, flavonoids, anti-radical ability according to the method with 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent, restoring forces according to FRAP method with 2,4,6-tri (2-pyridyl)-1,3 reagent, 5-triazine in extracts obtained by three different extraction technologies (maceration 37 °C for 2 hours, microwave irradiation 800 W 1 min, ultrasonic treatment 37 °C, 37 kHz 90 min) from plant materials: rosehips (Rosa L.), oak bark (Quercus robur L.), rhubarb root (Rheum officinale), ginseng root (Panax L.), birch buds (Betula L.) on the advantage in the level of the studied indicators for the technology of extracts using innovative effects – ultrasonic irradiation. Extracts of plant materials are potential sources of antioxidant substances and can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic industry and as components of food systems. A general trend is observed, which was observed in the study of various indicators: concentrated extracts, in which phenolic compounds and flavonoids are preserved after concentration (rhubarb root extract and birch bud extract), exhibit the best antiradical activity and restoring power; then, as with their destruction, other indicators fall.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF CAROTENOIDS IN THE FRUITS OF CHINESE LYCIUM CHINENSE MILL.
Authors: Kurdyukov Yevgeniy Yevgen'yevich , Semenova Yelena Fedorovna , Moiseyeva Inessa Yakovlevna , Gavrilova Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Ponomareva Tat'yana Andreyevna 
Published: November 2020

The objects of the study were Mature dried fruits of Chinese birch (Lycium chinense Mill., this. Solanaceae (Solanaceae)). Four samples were examined: No. 1 (Gifts of Pamir, Russia), No. 2 (Gullin Tianhe Pharmaceutical, China), No. 3 (A. J. Alliance, Russia), No. 4 (Globaltorg, Russia). The purpose of this work is to determine the amount of carotenoids in the fruits of Chinese by spectrophotometry.
The quantitative determination of the amount of carotenoids in the raw material of Chinese Dereza was carried out. Thin-layer chromatography was used to confirm the presence of carotenoids in the fruits of Dereza. The expediency of using the spectrophotometric method for the detection and quantitative determination of carotenoids in extracts from the fruits of Chinese birch is substantiated. The electron spectra of hexane, acetone and acetone-hexane solutions in the wavelength range 400–500 nm have a maximum optical density at 450±2 nm, characteristic of β-carotene. The optimal conditions of extraction of carotenoids from the raw materials of this plant (extractant – hexane; ratio "raw material–extractant" – 1 : 5; extraction time – 90 minutes; the degree of grinding of raw materials – 0.5 mm). It was determined that the error of a single determination of the content of carotenoids in the fruits of Chinese Dereza with a confidence probability of 95% is ±3,49%. It was revealed that the content of carotenoids in the raw material of Chinese Dereza varies in the range of 33–39 mg%.
THE ACTIVITY OF INTERMOLECULAR HYDROGEN COMPLEXES OF QUERCETIN WITH GLUCOSE IN REAC-TIONS WITH COTTON OIL PEROXY RADICALS
Authors: Belaya Natal'ya Ivanovna , Belyy Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Tikhonova Galina Anatol'yevna , Udalov Yaroslav Sergeyevich 
Published: November 2020

The presence of a strong synergistic effect of the binary quercetin–glucose composition in the reaction with peroxyl radicals generated during the auto- and initiated oxidation of cottonseed oil was established. The highest antiradical activity showed the synergistic compositions at a ratio of 60 : 40%. The established synergism refers to the type when products, formed during reaction, interacts with peroxy radicals more effectively than the original individual substances. Such products may be intermolecular hydrogen-bonded complexes of quercetin and glucose, the existence of such complexes confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. DFT method showed that the most stable is the donor H-complex, where quercetin acts as a hydrogen donor. A quantitative measure of the electron-donating properties of H complexes – the ionization potential – was calculated in the gas phase. The ionization potential of the donor complex is lower so its reducing ability in reaction with radicals is higher than that of the monomeric antioxidant.This can explain the presence of the maximum synergistic effect in the quercetin-glucose mixture at the ratio of 60 : 40%, when, probably, the proportion of donor H-complexes in the reaction mixture is maximum. Obtained results make it possible to carry out a targeted search for effective antioxidant synergistic flavonoid–carbohydrate compositions in plant extracts.
MECHANOCHEMICAL METHOD OF PROCESSING SILICA-CONTAINING PLANT MATTER
Authors: Shcherbakova Tat'yana Petrovna 
Published: November 2020

The possibility of complex processing of silica-containing plant biomass with the selection of a line of target products is investigated. The method includes the mechanochemical treatment of biomass in a solution of sodium hydroxide in a rotary pulsation apparatus at a temperature of self-heating not lower than 80 °C. The resulting suspension is separated on a solid residue and an extract. The solid residue is washed and dried to obtain pulp powder. The bio-filled silica gel with an SiO2 content of 49.4 wt.% to 62.6 wt.% is isolated from the extract after separation of the solid residue. By ashing the silicon-containing product at a temperature of 600 °C, amorphous silica is obtained. The content of SiO2 (as the target component) in the ash is 85.5–92.0%. The SiO2 diffraction pattern is characterized by the presence of a diffuse halo with a maximum at 2q=22.75 ° and the absence of diffraction peaks. Preliminary acid leaching can increase the purity of the resulting silica to 99.0%. The specific surface area of the obtained silica was determined by the BET method for nitrogen sorption at 260 m2/g.
The effect of the concentration of the extractant on the yield of alkali-soluble substances and the degree of leaching of silicon was studied. It was shown that even at a 1% concentration of the extractant (NaOH), almost complete leaching of silicon from the plant matrix occurs. Depending on the increase in the concentration of NaOH, the degree of delignification of the biomass increases to 13–18–22%, respectively, with an increase in the concentration of NaOH 1–5–10%. Powdered cellulose was obtained with a content (%): silicon – 1.12, lignin – 34.8, alpha cellulose – 86.0, with a yield of 33.0% and a particle distribution of 80–300 μm. The amount of biomass loss is 17.6 wt.%.
SULFATION OF ABIES ETHANOL LIGNIN WITH COMPLEXES OF SULFUR TRIOXIDE WITH 1,4-DIOXANE AND PYRIDINE
Authors: Malyar Yuriy Nikolayevich , Vasil'yeva Natal'ya Yur'yevna , Kazachenko Aleksandr Sergeyevich , Skvortsova Galina Pavlovna , Korol'kova Irina Vladimirovna , Kuznetsova Svetlana Alekseyevna 
Published: November 2020

In this work, we optimized the process of sulfating abies ethanol lignin with complexes of sulfuric anhydride with pyridine and 1,4-dioxane. Experimentally found are the conditions for the implementation of the process of sulfation of abies ethanol lignin by complexes of sulfur trioxide with 1,4-dioxane and pyridine, providing a high sulfur content (12.0–12.6%). It was shown that a high sulfur content of 12.0–13.5% (mass.) in the obtained ethanol lignin sulfate is achieved when the ratio of the amount of chlorosulfonic acid to the amount of abies ethanol lignin is 20.22 : 1 mmol : g and the duration of the sulfation process is 60–120 min and independent of the nature of the sulfating complex. The structure and composition of water-soluble sulfated abies ethanol lignin are confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis. In the FTIR spectra of sulfated abies ethanol lignin, in comparison with the FTIR spectra of the initial abies ethanol lignin, there are absorption bands in the region of 1270–1260, 1220–1212, 861–803 cm-1, corresponding to vibrations of sulfate groups. Compared to the initial lignin, sulfated abies ethanol lignin has a low degree of polydispersity. In particular, there was an increase in Mw c ~1.5 kDa to ~3.4 kDa in lignin sulfated for 30 min and a decrease in polydispersity from 2.59 to 1.22 compared to the initial abies ethanol lignin. With an increase in the sulfation time, the profile of the molecular mass distribution curve shifts to a high molecular weight region, with a simultaneous increase in polydispersity to 1.5 and Mw increases to ~4.3 kDa.
SYNTHESIS OF AZIDOCELLULOSE NITRATES
Authors: Romanova Svetlana Marsel'yevna , Sabirova Dinara Ilnurovna , Shulaev Maksim Vyacheslavovich 
Published: November 2020

A synthesis method of azidocellulose nitrate by chemical interaction between cellulose nitrates or chlorocellulose nitrates with various degree of chlorination with sodium azide in a medium of dimethylsulfoxide and with heating in the temperature range 40–70 °C is proposed. The chemical composition, structure and properties of the obtained compounds are determined on the basis of combination of physico-chemical methods of analysis: IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy; elemental analysis; gel permeation chromatography; viscometry; thermogravimetric analysis; differential scanning calorimetry; thermal polarization microscopy. The main directions of the chemical interaction between polymers and sodium azide were predicted by quantum-chemical methods using the Gaussian 09 software. The reaction mechanism was confirmed by a mathematical model of kinetics. The scheme of the preferred simultaneously going reaction directions has been composed, which includes substitution of nitrate groups by the azide fragment; rupture of polymer chains by β-glycosidic bond leading to depolymerization; opening of the glucopyranose cycle with addition of the azidogroup to the formed free bonds. Use of the chlorocellulose nitrate for the azidation allows to get products with a higher degree of substitution by azidogroups, and the rate of azidation of chlorocellulose nitrate depends on halogen content directly.
USE OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE IN PAPER INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Babakhanova Khalima Abishevna , Galimova Zulfija Kamilovna , Abdunazarov Mansur Mekhridinovich 
Published: November 2020

The article gives the consideration to the properties of paper with the addition of pulp mass from the waste of the pharmaceutical industry, namely licorice root after removing extraction. Licorice roots were dried to air-dry state after extraction, cleaned of wastes and cut into fragments 10–30 mm long, then subjected to pulping with 2–4% NaOH solution at a hydro module 1 : 5, at a temperature of 95–98 °С for 60–90 minutes. After washing with hot water, they are bleached in an alkaline medium with a solution of hydrogen peroxide at a consumption of 3–4% of the mass of absolutely dry cellulose, hydro module 1: 5, temperature 70–95 °C for 60–90 minutes. After washing, grinding to a gristing degree of ~60°ShR, prepared castings weighting 80–90 g/m2 on a leaf-casting mashine. Physical, mechanical and optical properties of experimental castings are determined. Revealed that the addition of malt mass of the cotton contributes to the formation of dense orderly structures of the paper sheet, as short fibers of licorice filled the gaps between the long fibers of cotton pulp, thereby reducing the pore volume and reactive surface availability and receipt paper with the highest mechanical strength. Adding malt mass to cotton mass at a ratio of 10 : 2 is optimal, further replenishment contributes to an increase in sorption absorption, that is, to obtain paper with a porous structure, which is not desirable for high-quality reproduction.
COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF THE WILD-GROWING AND CULTIVAT-ED CHICORY ORDINARY (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.)
Authors: Saybel Ol'ga Leonidovna , Radimich Andrey Ivanovich , Adamov Grigoriy Vasil'yevich , Dargaeva Tamara Darizhapovna 
Published: November 2020

The search for new plant species that are promising for use as a source of biologically active substances is an actual area of scientific research in the field of chemistry of natural compounds. The object of this study is the chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)
The purpose of our scientific research is to conduct a comparative phytochemical study of the aerial parts of wild-growing and cultivated chicory to establish differences in the qualitative composition and content of secondary metabolites.
As a result of studies by HPLC-MS, in the aerial part of a wild-growing plant, 10 compounds were identified esculletin, chicoriin, chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, kaftaric acid, isochlorogenic A acid, caffeic acid, isoquercetin, astragalin, rutin. The dominant group of substances are oxycoumarins. The phenolic complex of the cultivated plant has a similar composition of secondary metabolites, however, its derivatives are hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives.
The quantitative content of phenolic compounds in the wild-growing chicory herb was 2.56±0.12%, cultivated – 4.14±0.21%.
Significant differences in the content and qualitative composition of phenolic compounds make it possible to use the chicory of a wild-growing and cultivated population to obtain pharmaceutical substances with various pharmacological effects.
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST MEN: SIMPLE JOY OR PURE REALITY?
Authors: Herculano Maria Aparecida Feitosa Cândido , Sousa Allex Sobral , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Queiroz Iasmin Belém Silva , Pimentel Maria Zildanê Cândido Feitosa , Lima Maria Nailê Cândido Feitoza de , Pimentel João Pedro Cândido , Dominguês Carolina Cândido , Santana Willma José de , Luz Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Objective: To describe data on domestic violence against men. Method: This is an integrative literature review, carried out in the Scientific Electronic Electronic Library Online (SciELO), LILACS, and Capes Acadêmico portal between the years 2015 and 2020, with articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish. 456 articles were found, of which 8 were selected and used in this review. The results showed that the man is also a victim of domestic violence suffering physical, psychological and sexual aggression. The aggressors are wives, mothers, sisters and daughters. Among the men attacked are husbands, brother children and sometimes the father himself. Men who are victims of domestic violence do not seek justice for two reasons: a) they do not believe that legal measures are taken, b) a complaint would expose them to society, which would be humiliating for them. Another important data from the results shows that the Maria da Penha Law, which supports women who are victims of men's violence, is not applicable when the actors are the same, however, the roles are reversed. Final considerations: Studies on this theme are scarce, which suggests the realization of new research as it is a subject of recognized scientific and social relevance. Keywords: Gender-based violence. Domestic violence. Genre. Man.