bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of vertical mold casting temperature field of copper anode plates
Authors: Zhang Fangping , Xiang Zheng , Cao Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As an important raw material for refining copper by electrolysis, copper anode plates are mainly manufactured by disc casting machine. However, those copper anode plates frequently have such defects as uneven thickness, broken lugs, porosity inside plates, and low production efficiency and low yield rate, failing to meet the demands of electrolysis for the quality and quantity of anode plates. To develop a new vertical mold casting process for copper anode plates and study the influence of cooling on the life of the machine during vertical mold casting, two design schemes of cooling channels for the high-temperature working mode of copper anode plate production were put forward in this paper, and ANSYS was introduced to simulate and analyze the flow state, flow rate and temperature field of the cooling water. The results indicated that the vertical mold with the double-cycle cooling channel is about 2 °C lower than that with the single-cycle cooling channel. The temperature of the former at point A outside and point B near the lug inside the vertical mold is 20 °C–30 °C higher than that of the latter. The temperature of vertical mold casting copper anode plates with double-cycle cooling channel is below 700 °C when casting for 50 s, suggesting that the copper anode plates have more uniform temperature and higher cooling efficiency with the double-cycle cooling channel, which can prolong the service life of the casting machine. The research results lay a theoretical foundation for the manufacture of copper anode plates and the improved design of the copper vertical mold casting machine.
A GWAS approach to find SNPs associated with salt removal in rice leaf sheath
Authors: Neang Sarin , de Ocampo Marjorie , Egdane James A , Platten John Damien , Ismail Abdelbagi M , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Skoulding Nicola Stephanie , Kano-Nakata Mana , Yamauchi Akira , Mitsuya Shiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe ability for salt removal at the leaf sheath level is considered to be one of the major mechanisms associated with salt tolerance in rice. Thus, understanding the genetic control of the salt removal capacity in leaf sheaths will help improve the molecular breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties and speed up future varietal development to increase productivity in salt-affected areas. We report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with salt removal in leaf sheaths of rice.MethodsIn this study, 296 accessions of a rice (Oryza sativa) diversity panel were used to identify salt removal-related traits and conduct GWAS using 36 901 SNPs. The sheath:blade ratio of Na+ and Cl– concentrations was used to determine the salt removal ability in leaf sheaths. Candidate genes were further narrowed via Gene Ontology and RNA-seq analysis to those whose putative function was likely to be associated with salt transport and were up-regulated in response to salt stress.Key resultsFor the association signals of the Na+ sheath:blade ratio, significant SNPs were found only in the indica sub-population on chromosome 5. Within candidate genes found in the GWAS study, five genes were upregulated and eight genes were downregulated in the internal leaf sheath tissues in the presence of salt stress.ConclusionsThese GWAS data imply that rice accessions in the indica variety group are the main source of genes and alleles associated with Na+ removal in leaf sheaths of rice under salt stress.
The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A
Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Pocuca Nina , Walter T Jordan , Minassian Arpi , Young Jared W , Geyer Mark A , Perry William 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging.

Objective
This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research.

Method
A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results.

Results
Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition.

Conclusions
This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.
Real-world safety and effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide for treatment of hyperphosphataemia in dialysis patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Vervloet Marc G , Boletis Ioannis N , de Francisco Angel L M , Kalra Philip A , Ketteler Markus , Messa Piergiorgio , Stauss-Grabo Manuela , Derlet Anja , Walpen Sebastian , Perrin Amandine , Ficociello Linda H , Rottembourg Jacques , Wanner Christoph , Cannata-Andía Jorge B , Fouque Denis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The iron-based phosphate binder (PB), sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SFOH), is indicated to control serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis.

Methods
This non-interventional, prospective, multicentre, cohort study conducted in seven European countries evaluated the safety and effectiveness of SFOH in dialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia in routine practice. Safety outcomes included adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and changes in iron-related parameters. SFOH effectiveness was evaluated by changes-from-baseline (BL) in serum phosphorus and percentage of patients achieving in-target phosphorus levels.

Results
The safety analysis set included 1365 patients (mean observation: 420.3 ± 239.3 days). Overall, 682 (50.0%) patients discontinued the study. Mean SFOH dose during the observation period was 1172.7 ± 539.9 mg (2.3 pills/day). Overall, 617 (45.2%) patients received concomitant PB(s) during SFOH treatment. ADRs and serious ADRs were observed for 531 (38.9%) and 26 (1.9%) patients. Most frequent ADRs were diarrhoea (194 patients, 14.2%) and discoloured faeces (128 patients, 9.4%). Diarrhoea generally occurred early during SFOH treatment and was mostly mild and transient. Small increases from BL in serum ferritin were observed (ranging from +12 to +75 µg/L). SFOH treatment was associated with serum phosphorus reductions (6.3 ± 1.6 mg/dL at BL versus 5.3 ± 1.8 mg/dL at Month 30; ΔBL: −1.0 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.01). Percentage of patients achieving serum phosphorus ≤4.5 mg/dL increased from 12.0% at BL to 34.8% at Month 30, while the percentage achieving serum phosphorus ≤5.5 mg/dL increased from 29.9% to 63.0%.

Conclusions
SFOH has a favourable safety and tolerability profile in a real-world setting, consistent with results of the Phase 3 study. Moreover, SFOH improved serum phosphorus control with a low daily pill burden.
Factors affecting pre-end-stage kidney disease haemoglobin control and outcomes following dialysis initiation: a nationwide study
Authors: Xu Yang , Evans Marie , Barany Peter , James Glen , Sjölander Arvid , Carrero Juan Jesus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Attaining the narrow haemoglobin (Hb) range recommended by European Renal Best Practice Guidelines renal anaemia guidelines may be difficult, and whether this leads to better outcomes following dialysis initiation is not known.

Methods
This was an observational study from the Swedish Renal Registry 2012–16, including all patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) initiating renal anaemia treatment. We evaluated factors associated with off-target Hb attainment (&lt;10 and &gt;12 g/dL). For those who initiated dialysis, we explored associations between the pre-end-stage kidney disease (pre-ESKD) time in which Hb was within or above range, and pre-ESKD Erythropoietin Resistance Index (ERI) with the 1-year risk of death or major adverse cardiovascular events + (MACE+).

Results
About 5000 patients initiated anaemia treatment, contributing to 25 431 consecutive visits over time. Patients with polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy and nephrosclerosis, with recent bleeding/transfusion, with higher C-reactive protein or abnormal phosphate had higher odds of maintaining Hb below range. Conversely, patients with older age, CKD Stages 3b–4, pyelonephritis, kidney transplant, iron medication, higher ESA doses or abnormal serum calcium and albumin had higher odds of maintaining Hb above range. A total of 1361 patients initiated dialysis, among whom 220 deaths and 453 MACE+ occurred. A greater time spent with a pre-ESKD Hb &gt;12 g/dL was associated with a lower risk of MACE+ (hazard ratio = 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.61–0.94) after dialysis initiation, and a lower pre-ESKD Erythropoietin Resistance Index (ERI) was associated with improved survival (1.39; 1.02–1.90).

Conclusions
Our study identified populations that require additional efforts to control their Hb. Our outcome analysis supports the value of pre-ESKD anaemia care while illustrating the problems of ESA hyporesponsiveness in clinical practice.
FLAKE: Fuzzy Graph Centrality-based Automatic Keyword Extraction
Authors: Jain Amita , Mittal Kanika , Vaisla Kunwar Singh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Keyword extraction is one of the most important aspects of text mining. Keywords help in identifying the document context. Many researchers have contributed their work to keyword extraction. They proposed approaches based on the frequency of occurrence, the position of words or the similarity between two terms. However, these approaches have shown shortcomings. In this paper, we propose a method that tries to overcome some of these shortcomings and present a new algorithm whose efficiency has been evaluated against widely used benchmarks. It is found from the analysis of standard datasets that the position of word in the document plays an important role in the identification of keywords. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based automatic keyword extraction (FLAKE) method is proposed. FLAKE assigns weights to the keywords by considering the relative position of each word in the entire document as well as in the sentence coupled with the total occurrences of that word in the document. Based on the above data, candidate keywords are selected. Using WordNet, a fuzzy graph is constructed whose nodes represent candidate keywords. At this point, the most important nodes (based on fuzzy graph centrality measures) are identified. Those important nodes are selected as final keywords. The experiments conducted on various datasets show that proposed approach outperforms other keyword extraction methodologies by enhancing precision and recall.
Effects of simulated drought on biological soil quality, microbial diversity and yields under long-term conventional and organic agriculture
Authors: Kundel Dominika , Bodenhausen Natacha , Jørgensen Helene Bracht , Truu Jaak , Birkhofer Klaus , Hedlund Katarina , Mäder Paul , Fliessbach Andreas 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDrought and agricultural management influence soil microorganisms with unknown consequences for the functioning of agroecosystems. We simulated drought periods in organic (biodynamic) and conventional wheat fields and monitored effects on soil water content, microorganisms and crops. Above the wilting point, water content and microbial respiration were higher under biodynamic than conventional farming. Highest bacterial and fungal abundances were found in biodynamically managed soils, and distinct microbial communities characterised the farming systems. Most biological soil quality parameters and crop yields were only marginally affected by the experimental drought, except for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which increased in abundance under the experimental drought in both farming systems. AMF were further strongly promoted by biodynamic farming resulting in almost three times higher AMF abundance under experimental drought in the biodynamic compared with the conventional farming system. Our data suggest an improved water storage capacity under biodynamic farming and confirms positive effects of biodynamic farming on biological soil quality. The interactive effects of the farming system and drought may further be investigated under more substantial droughts. Given the importance of AMF for the plant's water supply, more in-depth studies on AMF may help to clarify their role for yields under conditions predicted by future climate scenarios.
Evaluation of hand hygiene behaviour in basic schools in Ghana: a case study of the Ablekuma Central Municipality in the greater region of Ghana
Authors: Fianko Joseph Richmond , Akosua Gawu Josephine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hand washing is effective for the prevention and transmission of pathogens but washing with water only is not effective at reducing contamination. The study focussed on the evaluation of hand washing behaviour in Basic schools (Primary and Junior High Schools) in Ghana. Results of the study revealed that 75% of responding schools have hand washing stands to promote hand washing with soap. Sixty percent of the hand washing facilities were functional at the time of the study in the schools. Hand washing facilities were found to be inadequate as most of the schools lacked running water and soap for hand washing. The school children (72%) were found to have knowledge on hand hygiene. The school children were aware that they can get cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhoea, stomach cramps and pains when they do not wash their hands with soap. Majority (68.2%) of school children reported that washing hands after defecation is important but only 17.5% reported actually follow this practice. The school children (51%) reported washing their hands before eating. Many of the schools did not have toilet facilities for the school children. The school children (35%) learnt hand washing from their parents and 60% from the teachers.
Portfolio optimization of power plants by using renewable energy in Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Seyedeh Asra , Mirlohi Seyed Mojtaba , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Ameri Majid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lack of investment in the electricity sector has created a huge bottleneck in the continuous flow of energy in the market, and this will create many problems for the sustainable growth and development of modern society. The main reason for this lack of investment is the investment risk in the electricity sector. One way to reduce portfolio risk is to diversify it. This study applies the concept of portfolio optimization to demonstrate the potential for greater use of renewable energy, which reduces the risk of investing in the electricity sector. Besides, it shows that investing in renewable energies can offset the risk associated with the total input costs. These costs stem from the volatility of associated prices, including fossil fuel, capital costs, maintenance, operation and environmental costs. This case study shows that Iran can theoretically supply ~33% of its electricity demand from renewable energy sources compared to its current 15% share. This case study confirms this finding and predicts that Iran, while reducing the risk of investing in electricity supply, can achieve a renewable energy supply of ~9% with an average increase in supply costs. Sensitivity analysis further shows that with a 10% change in input cost factors, the percentage of renewable energy supply is only partially affected, but basket costs change according to the scenario of 5–32%. Finally, suggestions are made that minimize risk rather than cost, which will bring about an increase in renewable energy supply.
Governing Complexity: Design Principles for the Governance of Complex Global Catastrophic Risks
Authors: Kreienkamp Julia , Pegram Tom 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhy are existing global governance structures “not fit for purpose” when it comes to addressing complex global catastrophic risks (CGCRs) such as climate breakdown, ecosystem collapse, or parasitic artificial general intelligence? This article argues that a deeper appreciation of these risks as complex—as opposed to complicated—is vital to an effective global governance response. It joins other IR scholarship seeking to invigorate a rigorous research agenda on complex system dynamics within world politics, highlighting the value of complexity theory, not simply as a contextual descriptor, but as a conceptual toolkit to inform CGCR governance research and action. Taking seriously the implications of “restricted complexity,” it interrogates why the legacy governing toolkit—the assumptions, heuristics, models, and practices conventionally employed to solve international collective action problems—are unlikely to suffice. It further draws laterally upon design science to offer a novel design model for governing complex systems, with broad application across global policy domains. A case study of the COVID-19 pandemic response illustrates the importance of supplementing inherited “complicated” governance system design and practices with design principles explicitly oriented to working with complexity, rather than against it. We contend that IR scholars and practitioners must update old ways of thinking in light of a complexification of the discipline. Such a shift involves both revisiting the design logics underlying how we build global governance structures, as well as pursuing a generative research agenda more capable of responding adequately to instability, surprise, and extraordinary change.
White Paper: Bridging the gap between surveillance data and antimicrobial stewardship in the animal sector—practical guidance from the JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks
Authors: Compri Monica , Mader Rodolphe , Mazzolini Elena , de Angelis Giulia , Mutters Nico T , Babu Rajendran Nithya , Galia Liliana , Tacconelli Evelina , Schrijver Remco ,   the ARCH working group, Adegnika Ayola Akim , Arieti Fabiana , Rajendran Nithya Babu , Bielicki Julia , Borrmann Steffen , Carrara Elena , Cauda Roberto , Compri Monica , De Angelis Giulia , Filippitzi Maria-Eleni , Frost Isabel , Galia Liliana , Giske Christian , Göpel Siri , Guardabassi Luca , Heuvelink Annet , Kahlmeter Gunnar , Kanj Souha S , Kostyanev Tomislav , Leibovici Leonard , Lucet Jean-Christophe , López-Cerero Lorena , Mader Rodolphe , Mazzaferri Fulvia , Mazzolini Elena , Mendelson Marc , Murri Rita , Mutters Nico T , Paul Mical , Pezzani Maria Diletta , Presterl Elisabeth , Renk Hanna , Song Le Huu , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Schrijver Remco , Scudeller Luigia , Sharland Mike , Sibani Marcella , Tacconelli Evelina , Torumkuney Didem , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P , Voss Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe JPIAMR ARCH and COMBACTE-MAGNET EPI-Net networks have joined efforts to formulate a set of target actions to link the surveillance of antimicrobial usage (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities in four different settings. This White Paper focuses on the veterinary setting and embraces the One Health approach.MethodsA review of the literature was carried out addressing research questions in three areas: AMS leadership and accountability; AMU surveillance and AMS; and AMR surveillance and AMS. Consensus on target actions was reached through a RAND-modified Delphi process involving over 40 experts in infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, AMS, veterinary medicine and public health, from 18 countries.Results/discussionForty-six target actions were developed and qualified as essential or desirable. Essential actions included the setup of AMS teams in all veterinary settings, building government-supported AMS programmes and following specific requirements on the production, collection and communication of AMU and AMR data. Activities of AMS teams should be tailored to the local situation and capacities, and be linked to local or national surveillance systems and infection control programmes. Several research priorities were also identified, such as the need to develop more clinical breakpoints in veterinary medicine.ConclusionsThis White Paper offers a practical tool to veterinary practitioners and policy makers to improve AMS in the One Health approach, thanks to surveillance data generated in the veterinary setting. This work may also be useful to medical doctors wishing to better understand the specificities of the veterinary setting and facilitate cross-sectoral collaborations.
Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in patients with malignant ascites: a phase 2, multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation study
Authors: Kudo Toshihiro , Murai Yoshiyuki , Kojima Yoshitsugu , Uehara Kenji , Satoh Taroh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
This phase 2 study examined the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan, an aquaretic drug, in the treatment of ascites associated with cancer.

Methods
In the dose-escalation phase, oral tolvaptan was initiated at a dose of 3.75 mg/day, and the dose was increased daily to 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/day. Dose escalation was terminated once the increase from baseline in the daily urine volume reached 500 ml, at which point the patient proceeded to the maintenance phase of 5–7 days. Improvement of ascites was determined primarily by reduction in body weight and ascitic fluid volume.

Results
The mean change from baseline in body weight was maintained below 0 kg throughout the study. The mean change (±standard deviation) from baseline in ascitic fluid volume at the end of treatment (EOT) was 237.45 ± 868.14 ml in 33 evaluable patients. Although an increase from baseline in ascitic fluid volume at the EOT was observed in 23 of 33 patients (maximum: 1589.3 ml, minimum: 3.83 ml), a reduction in ascitic fluid volume was observed in the remaining 10 patients (maximum: −2304.3 ml, minimum: −27.5 ml). The common treatment-emergent adverse events included vomiting (5 of 43 patients, 11.6%), abdominal distension, constipation, thirst, blood osmolarity increased and renal impairment (3 of 43 patients, 7.0% each).

Conclusions
Tolvaptan seemed to have no definitive effect on reducing ascites; however, it might be effective in at least some cancer patients. No new safety concerns were identified at doses of 3.75–30 mg/day.