bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Utilization of Face Masks in Brazil During COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak: Temporal Trend Analysis
Authors: Pereira-Ávila Fernanda Maria Vieira , Botelho Eliã Pinheiro , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Gir Elucir , Sousa Laelson Rochelle Milanês , Caldeira Natália Maria Vieira Pereira , Silva Ana Cristina de Oliveira e , Lam Simon Ching 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recorded approximately 8.6 million confirmed cases and more than 450.000 deaths worldwide. As of today, Brazil remains the second most affected country, with more than 1 million confirmed cases and more than 50,000 related deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal trend of the frequency of face mask use among Brazil’s general population.Method: A cross-sectional survey method was adopted in this study. Online survey regarding sociodemographic and protective personal measures against COVID-19 was used to collect data. Data were collected from April 17 to May 15, 2020. The frequency of face mask use was divided into five categories: “never,” “rarely,” “sometimes,” “frequently,” and “always.” Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the daily percentage change (DPC) of each category. Ethics aspects were considered.Results: A total of 14,756 volunteers comprised the study sample. The “frequently” and “always” categories represented 71% of the sample, with the former being superior to the latter (39.4% vs. 31.6%, respectively). Temporal trend analysis showed two trend periods for all categories. The “never,” “rarely,” and “sometimes” categories decreased in the first period and stabilized in the second period. Conversely, the “frequently” and “always” categories showed an upward trend. Like other categories, the “frequently” category had stabilized in the second period. However, the “always” category still showed an increasing trend in the second period. The association analysis results showed a decrease in the use of face masks in women, postgraduate people, those aged above 35 years, and those earning more than seven times the federal monthly income minimal wage. However, the use of masks increased among young people and those with elementary to graduate degrees. The “always” use of face masks increased in the south and decreased in the southeast of Brazil. Conclusion: The preponderance of the “frequently” category and the slow DPC in the second trend period of the “always” category suggest the necessity of further enforcement of the use of face masks in Brazil. The adaptation of this new habit among Brazilians is time demanding, and thus strategies must be implemented in a more natural way.
The Effects of Caregiving on Leisure Time Physical Activity in a Cohort of Manufacturing Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Garza Jennifer , Cavallari Jennifer , Dugan Alicia , Namazi Sara , Fortinsky Richard , Cherniack Martin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

While leisure time physical activity (LTPA) has been linked to a myriad of health benefits, many individuals do not get enough LTPA. In this study, we investigated how caregiving responsibilities (for children, adults under age 65, and adults over age 65) affected components of LTPA including exercise, walking, gardening, and housework in a population of manufacturing workers.
Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed among 857 manufacturing workers who completed a survey assessing caregiving responsibility and LTPA. Linear regression analyses were used to test for associations between caregiving and LTPA.
Results

We observed that caregivers for children reported significantly (p < 0.05) fewer hours of exercise and walking, but more hours of housework, than non-caregivers. We observed no association between caregiving for adults under age 65 or adults aged 65 and older and exercise or walking. Caring for adults under age 65 was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hours spent gardening, and caring for adults aged 65 and older was associated with a significant increase in hours spent performing housework.
Conclusions

We identified associations between caregiving and physical activity in a population of manufacturing workers. Our results support the development of targeted interventions to promote health in working caregiver populations.
How to Identify White Coat Hypertension at The First Diagnosis: Establishment of A Scoring Model for The Differential Diagnosis of White Coat Hypertension and Sustained Hypertension
Authors: Cai Peng , Peng Yan , Chen YuXi , Wang Yan , Wang Xukai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To establish a scoring model for the differential diagnosis of white coat hypertension (WCH) and sustained hypertension (SHT). Methods: 553 adults with elevated office blood pressure, normal renal function and no antihypertensive drugs were included in this study. 17 parameters, such as gender and age, were obtained by questionnaire investigation and biochemical index detection. WCH and SHT were distinguished by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Participants were randomly divided into a training set (445 cases) and a verification set (108 cases). In the training set, the above parameters were screened by LASSO regression and univariate logistic regression analysis, then, the scoring model was constructed through multivariate logistic regression analysis. ROC curve and calibration curve were used to discuss the discrimination and calibration of this scoring model respectivelyResults: 6 parameters were finally selected, namely isolated systolic hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, serum creatinine, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to establish the scoring model. The R2 and AUC of the scoring model in the training set were 0.163 and 0.705, respectively. In the verification set, the R2 of the scoring model was 0.206, and AUC was 0.718. The calibration test results showed that the scoring model had good stability in both training set and verification set (MSE=0. 001, MAE=0. 014; MSE=0. 001, MAE=0. 025, respectively).Conclusion: A stable scoring model for distinguishing WCH can be established, which can assist clinical medical workers to identify WCH at the first diagnosis.
Sex-specific recombination predicts parent of origin for recurrent genomic disorders
Authors: Mosley Trenell , Johnston H. Richard , Cutler David J , Zwick Michael E , Mulle Jennifer G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Genomic disorders are caused by structural rearrangements of the genome that generally occur during meiosis. Often the rearrangements result in large-scale (> 1 kb) copy number variants (CNV; deletions or duplications ≥ 1 kb). Recurrent pathogenic CNVs harbor similar breakpoints in multiple unrelated individuals and are primarily formed via non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Several pathogenic NAHR-mediated recurrent CNV loci demonstrate biases for parental origin of de novo CNVs. However, the mechanism underlying these biases is not well understood. Here we have curated parent of origin data for multiple pathogenic CNV loci and demonstrate a significant association between sex-specific differences in meiotic recombination and parental origin biases at these loci. Our results suggest that parental-origin of CNVs is largely controlled by sex-specific recombination rates, and highlight the need to consider these differences when investigating mechanisms that cause structural variation.
Identification of Key Genes and miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Pathways in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants by Bioinformatics Methods
Authors: Sun Tong , Yu Haiyang , Fu Jianhua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a severe respiratory complication of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). However, its pathogenesis has been unclear. Bioinformatics analysis, which can help us explore genetic alternations and recognize latent diagnostic biomarkers, has recently promoted the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease occurrence and development. Methods: In this study, we identified key genes and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in BPD in preterm infants to elucidate the pathogenesis of BPD. We downloaded and analyzed miRNA and gene expression microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Differentially expressed miRNA (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained through NetworkAnalyst. We performed pathway enrichment analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery program (DAVID), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Then we used the STRING to establish protein–protein interactions and the Cytoscape tool to establish miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks. Results: We identified 19 significant DEMs and 140 and 33 significantly upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that significant DEGs were associated with the antigen processing and presentation, and B-cell receptor signaling pathways in BPD. Key DEGs, such as CD19, CD79B, MS4A1, and FCGR2B were selected as hub genes in PPI networks. Conclusions: In this study, we screened out 19 DEMs that might play important roles in the regulatory networks of BPD. Higher expression of miRNAs such as miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-32-5p, miR-3613-3p, and miR-33a-5p and lower expression of miRNAs such as miR-3960, miR-425-5p, and miR-3202 might be correlated with the process of BPD.
Analysis of MDR1 Polymorphisms Among HIV-Infected Individuals on ARV Therapy from Western India
Authors: Singh HariOm , Samani Dharmesh , Chauware Vijay , Dhole T.N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: MDR1 is involved in the transport of numerous drugs. Polymorphism of MDR1 is linked with the treatment outcome. ARV regimen is being used to manage the progression of HIV infection. Ethnic disparities have been observed in the distribution of MDR1 genotypes. Methods: MDR1 polymorphism (1236 C/T, 3435 C/T) was genotyped in 34 individuals with ARV-associated hepatotoxicity, 131 HIV-infected, and one-fifty-five healthy by utilization of PCR-RFLP. Results: Haplotype TC exposed the greater risk for hepatotoxicity severity when compared between individuals with hepatotoxicity and HIV infected (OR=1.96, P=0.06). While haplotypes TT and CC bared a reduce risk for hepatotoxicity severity (OR= 0.16, P=0.006; OR= 0.46, P=0.06). Haplotype TT and CC displayed a decrease risk of hepatotoxicity severity while compared between individuals with hepatotoxicity and healthy (OR=0.09, P=0.003; OR=0.34, P=0.03). A higher occurrence of MDR1 1236TT genotype was seen among patients with hepatotoxicity who consumed alcohol (28.6% versus 14.8%, OR=1.50). In patients with hepatotoxicity taking nevirapine, there was an increased incidence of MDR1 1236TT genotype in contrast with efavirenz (21.7% versus 9.1%, OR=2.11). In HIV-infected people taking nevirapine, MDR1 1236CT, 1236TT genotypes found to be increased compared with efavirenz (43.7% versus 33.3%, OR=1.66; 12.6% versus 8.3%, OR=1.96). A higher occurrence of MDR1 1236TT genotype has happened in hepatotoxicity cases having both alcohol and nevirapine (40.0% versus 16.67%, OR=2.21). Conclusion: MDR1 haplotypes may have an influence on the severity of hepatotoxicity. Individual utilizing nevirapine and alcohol with MDR1 1236TT and 3435CT genotypes may have combined effect on vulnerability of severity of hepatotoxicity and progression of HIV infection
Student Attendance at Pharmacology Lectures and Its Relation to Exam Performance in the Era of Lecture Capture: A Two-Year Analysis.
Authors: Powers Claud A , Carroll Mairead A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Students can now often choose to attend live lectures or review recordings of the lectures made using lecture-capture technology. However, data on lecture attendance in such cases is scarce, and there are few comparisons of the learning outcomes of the different learning approaches. This study reports data relevant to this issue. Methods: Attendance data was collected at 13 of 40 voluntary lecture sessions in the Medical Pharmacology course in Fall 2013 (192 students) and Fall 2014 (207 students) by use of an audience-response system. All 40 lectures were recorded using lecture-capture, and students could attend lectures or review the online recordings and PowerPoint files as desired. The data illuminated the features of student lecture attendance and its relation to exam performance. Results: Only 25-31% of students attended any given monitored lecture, and only 12-14% exhibited high attendance (>80%); 41-52% of students did not attend any monitored sessions. On average, exam scores of students with high lecture attendance were significantly higher than those of other students with a significant shift in scores to higher ranks. Exam scores of students with intermediate to low attendance (77-8%) did not differ from those of non-attending students. The exam scoring advantage associated with high attendance remained evident 20 weeks after the Fall semester when students took a comprehensive NBME exam in pharmacology. Conclusions: Only a small fraction of students had high attendance at live voluntary lectures providing foundational material. On average, students with high attendance had higher exam scores even though all students had unlimited access to the identical material on-line. The exam scoring advantage associated with high attendance appeared to be long-lasting. The data indicate that high attendance at live lectures was part of a very successful learning approach for some students.
The Effects of Protective Ventilation on the Production of Endogenous Melatonin and Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Esophageal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study
Authors: Wang Lixia , Li Jun , Huang Yuting , Zhu Yan , Shen Qiying , Zou Hongyun , Liu Xuesheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Exogenous melatonin exerts a similar effect to protective ventilation on attenuating ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mouse model. However, the effect of protective ventilation on the production of endogenous melatonin and prognosis in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to reveal the effects of protective ventilation on the production of endogenous melatonin, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and major complications in patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery. Methods: Eight-eight patients were randomized to receive “conventional” ventilation (Vt=10 mL/kg) or lung protective ventilation [Vt=5 mL/kg along with 5 cm of H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)]. IL-1β, IL-18 and melatonin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were measured. Respiratory variables and outcomes were evaluated.Results: Lung protective ventilation decreased the peak airway pressure (Ppeak), plateau airway pressure (Pplat) and driving pressure (ΔP) compared with the “conventional” ventilation group. Lung protective ventilation inhibited polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells invasion into the BALF (P=0.000). Likewise, lung protective ventilation suppressed alveolar and serum IL-1β and IL-18 secretion after mechanical ventilation. Furthermore, lung protective ventilation resulted in a decrease in the inhibition of endogenous MT production compared to “conventional” ventilation (P=0.000). In addition, lung protective ventilation reduced the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (P=0.04) and the rate of major postoperative complications (P=0.023).Conclusions: Taken together, lung protective ventilation for esophageal cancer surgery suppressed the secretion of IL-1β, IL-18 and restored the endogenous melatonin level. Meanwhile, lung protective ventilation improved postoperative outcomes after esophageal cancer surgery.Trial registration: The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900026190. Registered 25 September 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=34677&htm=4
Increase in Salivary Oxytocin Levels in Mothers After Tactile Contact Between Adiaper-like Nonwoven Sheet With Large Projectionsand the Palm: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sakamoto Takashi , Izumori Sayaka , Tomita Mina , Fukuda Yuko , Okuda Yasuyuki , Saito Naoko , Nakamura Junji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether or not tactile contact between a diaper-like nonwoven sheet with specific physical characteristics and the palm of the hand would increase the maternal level ofoxytocinwhich is one of the neuropeptides promoting formation of the mother-infant bond.ResultsTen healthy non-breastfeeding Japanese mothers were enrolled in this pilot study. We prepared diaper-like nonwoven sheets with large or small projections. Physical indices related to softness and fluffiness were higher in the sheet with large projections than in the sheet with small projections. Salivary oxytocin levels in the motherswere increasedafter tactile contact with thesheet with large projections, but not after contact with the sheet with small projections. This pilot study suggests that maternal oxytocin levels are increased by tactile contact between a soft and fluffy diaper sheet and the palm.
PHOENIX: A new framework for applying psychological theories to the adoption of innovations by healthcare professionals
Authors: Fahy Nick , Greenhalgh Trish , Shaw Sara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Although implementation science has borrowed concepts from psychology to explain how individuals think and act in relation to innovation adoption, the use of psychology has been limited and not well adapted to the aims and obligations of professionals. We aimed to enrich implementation science with a broader set of psychological theories relevant for professional behaviour, drawing particularly on the diffusion of innovations and stages of change models. Methods The study had two parallel components. The first was a hermeneutic review of how psychological theory has and could be used to understand innovation adoption by health professionals. The second component was an empirical case study of the implementation of guidance on routine HIV screening in three sites across two London hospitals. Primary data sources were synthesised and combined with emerging secondary research findings, each feeding into the other. Analysis focused empirically on how the stages of the diffusion of innovations adoption model (prior conditions, knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, confirmation) could be enriched by psychological theories. Results The hermeneutic review identified at least 20 relevant psychological theories from social, organisational, developmental and sports psychology; many of these were not single theories but contributions from domains of evolving research, making this an underestimate of potentially relevant theory. We developed a model (PHOENIX) to encapsulate how psychological theory can help illuminate each stage of adoption from diffusion of innovations theory: Person and History (prior conditions stage) – individuals’ characteristics and past experiences; Overload avoidance (knowledge stage) – filtering strategies when faced with overwhelming amounts of new knowledge; Evolving attitudes (persuasion stage) – a social process of collectively emerging views within a team; Networked decisions (decision stage) – decisions at two levels of the department combined with individual judgements; Implementation support (implementation stage) to turn an intention to act into actual action, with external supports valuable to reduce the cognitive effort required; uneXceptional (confirmation stage) – sustained effort to turn the new behaviour from a conscious innovation to a habit. Conclusions The PHOENIX model, if affirmed in further studies, has potential to enrich the study of innovation adoption by healthcare staff in organisational and professional contexts.
Rapid Response Team Activation After Major Hip Surgery: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Pritchard Angus , Jones Daryl , Bellomo Rinaldo , Hardidge Andrew , Harley Ian , Tan Chong Oon , Nazareth Justin , Guha Ranj , Ellard Louise , Hu Raymond , Churilov Leonid , Weinberg Laurence 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Rapid Response Teams (RRT) are a critical care resource that reviews deteriorating patients within the hospital. Whilst contemporary literature has focused on outcomes of RRTs, little is known about the detailed perioperative course and characteristics of patients who require RRT activation after major hip surgery. We aimed to describe demographic, preoperative, surgical, anesthetic and postoperative characteristics of patients who required RRT activation after major hip surgery. We also sought to assess if these characteristics affected mortality during the index hospital admission. Methods: We reviewed a RRT database of adult patients undergoing orthopedic surgery at a university teaching hospital. We then retrospectively reviewed the medical records to extract a priori defined patient, preoperative, surgical, anesthetic and postoperative data of major hip surgery admissions between September 2014 and December 2017. Patients who survived the index hospital stay were compared to those who died.Results: Overall, 187 patients had a postoperative RRT activations. Mean (SD) age was 82.1 (11.6) years; 125 (67%) were female and most patients had at least one significant comorbidity: mean (SD) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 5.6 (2.1). The majority of patients (68%) were frail, ASA class 3 or greater (91%) and underwent non-elective surgery (88%). Median (IQR) time from surgery to RRT activation was 29.4 hours (11.3:75.0), and 25 (13%) patients had unplanned admissions to ICU/HDU. Compared to patients who survived RRT activation, those who died displayed higher CCI [6.5 (1.8) vs. 5.5 (2.1); p=0.02], were more frail (80.1% vs. 56.5%; odds ratio 3.2; 95%CI: 1.2 to 8.1; p=0.03) and received less intraoperative opioids [median (IQR) intravenous morphine equi-analgesia 5.8 (0.1:8.2) mg vs. 11.7 (3.7:19.0) mg; p=0.03]. They were also more likely to receive an urgent medical review prior to RRT activation (62% vs 40%; odds ratio 2.4; 95%CI: 1.1 to 5.6; p=0.05).Conclusions: Death after RRT activation occurred in 1 out of 7 patients undergoing major hip surgery. Common patient characteristics included advanced age (>82 years), frailty, high CCI and emergency surgery. Further studies investigating perioperative surveillance teams in the identification of the high-risk patients before surgery, and deteriorating patients after major hip surgery, are warranted.