bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beetle Orientation Responses of Gastrophysa viridula and Gastrophysa polygoni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to a Blend of Synthetic Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Piesik Dariusz , Bocianowski Jan , Sendel Sebastian , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Kotwica Karol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe invasive weed Rumex confertus Willd. (mossy sorrel) is eaten and severely defoliated by oligophagous Gastrophysa viridula Deg. (dock leaf beetle) and Gastrophysa polygoni L. (knotweed leaf beetle). The most popular methods of plant protection involve the application of chemicals, but such methods often require repeated chemical treatments. Aromatic plants may constitute an eco-friendly alternative strategy owing to their repellent properties. To date, single compounds have been tested rather than blends; however, there is a need to investigate mixtures of compounds, because insects are subjected to blends of odors derived from their surrounding environments. The aim of the current study was to investigate behavioral responses of the dock leaf beetle and knotweed leaf beetle to a blend of synthetic plant volatile organic compounds. Plants were treated with standard repellents (a blend of volatile organic compounds) at two different concentrations (10 ng min−1 and 1,000 ng min−1). For further experiments, four rates (1 ng min−1, 10 ng min−1, 100 ng min−1, and 1,000 ng min−1 in 50 µl) were evaluated using a 4-way olfactometer. Leaf beetles of both sexes were repelled by the highest three concentrations tested. Female dock leaf beetles were also repelled by the lowest concentration tested, where individual components could have occasionally attracted insects. These results indicate a difference in responses to individual compounds and mixtures of compounds.
Compaction and control—the role of chromosome-organizing proteins inStreptomyces
Authors: Szafran Marcin J , Jakimowicz Dagmara , Elliot Marie A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTChromosomes are dynamic entities, whose organization and structure depend on the concerted activity of DNA-binding proteins and DNA-processing enzymes. In bacteria, chromosome replication, segregation, compaction and transcription are all occurring simultaneously, and to ensure that these processes are appropriately coordinated, all bacteria employ a mix of well-conserved and species-specific proteins. Unusually, Streptomyces bacteria have large, linear chromosomes and life cycle stages that include multigenomic filamentous hyphae and unigenomic spores. Moreover, their prolific secondary metabolism yields a wealth of bioactive natural products. These different life cycle stages are associated with profound changes in nucleoid structure and chromosome compaction, and require distinct repertoires of architectural—and regulatory—proteins. To date, chromosome organization is best understood during Streptomyces sporulation, when chromosome segregation and condensation are most evident, and these processes are coordinated with synchronous rounds of cell division. Advances are, however, now being made in understanding how chromosome organization is achieved in multigenomic hyphal compartments, in defining the functional and regulatory interplay between different architectural elements, and in appreciating the transcriptional control exerted by these ‘structural’ proteins.
Capacity-building partnerships for surgical post-graduate training in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the literature with exploratory thematic synthesis
Authors: Voss Miranda , Swart Oostewalt , Abel Lucy , Mahtani Kamal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, international surgical programmes have moved away from vertical service delivery and towards collaborative, capacity-building partnerships. The aim of this review was to provide a map of the current literature on international surgical training partnerships together with an exploration of factors influencing their implementation. Three bibliographic databases were searched for peer-reviewed reports of surgical training partnerships between organizations in high- and low or middle-income countries to July 2018. Reports were sorted in an iterative fashion into groups of similar programmes, and data were extracted to record the intervention strategies, context, financing, reported results and themes around implementation. Eighty-six reports were grouped into five types of programme: full residency training, bi-institutional twinning partnerships, diagonal/sub-specialist programmes, focused interventions or courses and programmes using remote support. Few articles were written from the perspective of the low-middle income partner. Full residency programmes and some diagonal/sub-specialist programmes report numbers trained while twinning partnerships and focused interventions tend to focus on process, partners’ reactions to the programme and learning metrics. Two thematic networks emerged from the thematic synthesis. The first made explicit the mechanisms by which partnerships are expected to contribute to improved access to surgical care and a second identified the importance of in-country leadership in determining programme results. Training partnerships are assumed to improve access to surgical care by a number of routes. A candidate programme theory is proposed together with some more focused theories that could inform future research. Supporting the development of the surgical leadership in low- and middle-income countries is key.
Prediction of survival of patients in cardiogenic shock treated by surgically implanted Impella 5+ short-term left ventricular assist device
Authors: Nersesian Gaik , Tschöpe Carsten , Spillmann Frank , Gromann Tom , Roehrich Luise , Mueller Marcus , Mulzer Johanna , Starck Christoph , Falk Volkmar , Schoenrath Felix , Potapov Evgenij 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Short-term mechanical circulatory support is a life-saving treatment for acute cardiogenic shock (CS). This multicentre study investigates the preoperative predictors of 30-day mortality in CS patients treated with Impella 5.0 and 5.5 short-term left ventricular assist devices.

METHODS
Data of patients in CS (n = 70) treated with the Impella 5 (n = 63) and 5.5 (n = 7) in 2 centres in Berlin between October 2016 and October 2019 were collected retrospectively.

RESULTS
CS was caused by acute myocardial infarction (n = 16), decompensated chronic heart failure (n = 41), postcardiotomy syndrome (n = 5) and acute myocarditis (n = 8). Before implantation 12 (17%) patients underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 32 (46%) patients were ventilated. INTERMACS level 1, 2 and 3 was established in 35 (50%), 29 (41%) and 6 (9%) of patients, respectively. The mean preoperative lactate level was 4.05 mmol/l. The median support time was 7 days (IR= 4–15). In 18 cases, the pump was removed for myocardial recovery, in 22 cases, durable left ventricular assist devices were implanted, and 30 patients died on support. The overall 30-day survival was 51%. Statistical analysis showed that an increase in lactate per mmol/l [odds ratio (OR) 1.217; P = 0.015] and cardiopulmonary resuscitation before implantation (OR 16.74; P = 0.009) are predictors of 30-day survival. Based on these data, an algorithm for optimal short-term mechanical circulatory support selection is proposed.

CONCLUSIONS
Impella treatment is feasible in severe CS. Severe organ dysfunction, as well as the level and duration of shock predict early mortality. An algorithm based on these parameters may help identify patients who would benefit from Impella 5+ support.
Reviewing Experts’ Restraint from Extremes and Its Impact on Service Providers
Authors: Nguyen Peter , Wang Xin (Shane) , Li Xi , Cotte June 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research investigates reviewing experts on online review platforms. The main hypothesis is that greater expertise in generating reviews leads to greater restraint from extreme summary evaluations. The authors argue that greater experience generating reviews facilitates processing and elaboration and enhances the number of attributes implicitly considered in evaluations, which reduces the likelihood of assigning extreme summary ratings. This restraint-of-expertise hypothesis is tested across different review platforms (TripAdvisor, Qunar, and Yelp), shown for both assigned ratings and review text sentiment, and demonstrated both between (experts vs. novices) and within reviewers (expert vs. pre-expert). Two experiments replicate the main effect and provide support for the attribute-based explanation. Field studies demonstrate two major consequences of the restraint-of-expertise effect. (i) Reviewing experts (vs. novices), as a whole, have less impact on the aggregate valence metric, which is known to affect page-rank and consumer consideration. (ii) Experts systematically benefit and harm service providers with their ratings. For service providers that generally provide mediocre (excellent) experiences, reviewing experts assign significantly higher (lower) ratings than novices. This research provides important caveats to the existing marketing practice of service providers incentivizing reviewing experts and provides strategic implications for how platforms should adopt rating scales and aggregate ratings.
Diverse transitions in diabetes status during the clinical course of patients with resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Shingyoji Ayako , Mikata Rintaro , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Kusakabe Yuko , Yasui Shin , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Ohno Izumi , Kato Jun , Takano Shigetsugu , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kato Naoya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Pancreatic cancer and diabetes status have complex bilateral interactions; therefore, understanding their clinical features is essential for the clinical management of pancreatic cancer patients. We aimed to evaluate the diabetes status before diagnosis, after resection and until the time of recurrence in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer and to clarify the correlations among the clinical course of pancreatic cancer, operative procedure and diabetes status.

Methods
Between 2011 and 2016, we retrospectively identified 189 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy or distal pancreatectomy at our institution. The entire clinical course of each patient was retrieved from the medical records, and the diabetes status in the longest possible duration was assessed.

Results
Among 115 pancreatic cancer patients who had normal glucose tolerance at the time of resection, 22 (19.1%) developed type 2 diabetes after resection. In a multivariate analysis, distal pancreatectomy was strongly associated with the development of postoperative diabetes. On the other hand, 74 pancreatic cancer patients had already been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at the time of resection. During the follow-up period, 15 patients were noted to have diabetes resolution after resection; interestingly, the majority of these patients had newly diagnosed diabetes, which was defined as the diagnosis of diabetes within 3 months before resection. Moreover, newly diagnosed diabetes was an independent factor for diabetes resolution after resection.

Conclusions
In pancreatic cancer patients who underwent pancreatectomy, distal pancreatectomy was correlated with postoperative diabetes, and newly diagnosed diabetes had a high probability of resolution after resection.
TEM observation of inorganic substances distributed in gel materials for medical devices using ultra-thin cryosectioning
Authors: Ito Eri , Takase Hiroshi , Yamamoto Katsuhiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, a method was developed for examining the distribution pattern of inorganic substances dispersed in hydrogel-filled medical devices. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using ultra-thin cryosectioning (owing to hydrogel’s water content) was performed on contact lenses with an iris pattern in which the distribution pattern of inorganic pigments was problematic. We confirmed the depth and distribution pattern of pigments in the hydrogel. The results indicated that ultra-thin cryosectioning with TEM was effective for inspecting the distribution of inorganic substances in hydrogel-filled devices.
COVID-19 infection presenting with acute epiglottitis
Authors: Fondaw Alexander , Arshad Muzamil , Batool Saba , Robinson Brenton , Patel Toral 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this case report, we present a novel presentation of acute epiglottitis in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who presented to the emergency room in extremis and respiratory failure requiring emergent cricothyrotomy. Epiglottitis has become less common since the introduction and widespread use of the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine. This reduction in cases has shifted demographics of the disease from the pediatric population towards adults with comorbid conditions. Interestingly there is a high degree of overlap between many of the comorbidities between epiglottitis and COVID-19. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has been reported to affect the gastrointestinal tract and neural tissue and has been implicated in necrotizing encephalitis. We report the first known case of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus presenting with acute epiglottitis.
Neurogranin as a Novel Biomarker in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Agnello Luisa , Gambino Caterina Maria , Lo Sasso Bruna , Bivona Giulia , Milano Salvatore , Ciaccio Anna Maria , Piccoli Tommaso , La Bella Vincenzo , Ciaccio Marcello 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
In this study, we investigated the possible role of 2 novel biomarkers of synaptic damage, namely, neurogranin and α-synuclein, in Alzheimer disease (AD).

Methods
The study was performed in a cohort consisting of patients with AD and those without AD, including individuals with other neurological diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurogranin and α-synuclein levels were measured by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).

Results
We found significantly increased levels of CSF neurogranin and α-synuclein in patients with AD than those without AD. Neurogranin was correlated with total tau (tTau) and phosphorylated tau (pTau), as well as with cognitive decline, in patients with AD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed good diagnostic accuracy of neurogranin for AD at a cutoff point of 306 pg per mL with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.872 and sensitivity and specificity of 84.2% and 78%, respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings support the use of CSF neurogranin as a biomarker of synapsis damage in patients with AD.
TESS observations of southern ultrafast rotating low-mass stars
Authors: Ramsay Gavin , Doyle J Gerry , Doyle Lauren 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
In our previous study of low-mass stars using TESS, we found a handful that show a periodic modulation on a period &lt;1 d but also displayed no flaring activity. Here we present the results of a systematic search for ultrafast rotators (UFRs) in the Southern ecliptic hemisphere, which were observed in 2-min cadence with TESS. Using data from Gaia DR2, we obtain a sample of over 13 000 stars close to the lower main sequence. Of these, we identify 609 stars that lie on the lower main sequence and have a periodic modulation &lt;1 d. The fraction of stars that show flares appears to drop significantly at periods &lt;0.2 d. If the periods are a signature of the rotation rate, this would be a surprise, since faster rotators would be expected to have a stronger magnetic field and, therefore, produce more flares. We explore possible reasons for our finding: The flare inactive stars are members of binaries, in which case the stars rotation rate could have increased as the binary orbital separation reduced due to angular momentum loss over time, or that enhanced emission occurs at blue wavelengths beyond the pass band of TESS. Follow-up spectroscopy and flare monitoring at blue/ultraviolet wavelengths of these flare inactive stars are required to resolve this question.
Inference of Chromosome-Length Haplotypes Using Genomic Data of Three or a Few More Single Gametes
Authors: Li Ruidong , Qu Han , Chen Jinfeng , Wang Shibo , Chater John M , Zhang Le , Wei Julong , Zhang Yuan-Ming , Xu Chenwu , Zhong Wei-De , Zhu Jianguo , Lu Jianming , Feng Yuanfa , Chen Weiming , Ma Renyuan , Ferrante Sergio Pietro , Roose Mikeal L , Jia Zhenyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Compared with genomic data of individual markers, haplotype data provide higher resolution for DNA variants, advancing our knowledge in genetics and evolution. Although many computational and experimental phasing methods have been developed for analyzing diploid genomes, it remains challenging to reconstruct chromosome-scale haplotypes at low cost, which constrains the utility of this valuable genetic resource. Gamete cells, the natural packaging of haploid complements, are ideal materials for phasing entire chromosomes because the majority of the haplotypic allele combinations has been preserved. Therefore, compared with the current diploid-based phasing methods, using haploid genomic data of single gametes may substantially reduce the complexity in inferring the donor’s chromosomal haplotypes. In this study, we developed the first easy-to-use R package, Hapi, for inferring chromosome-length haplotypes of individual diploid genomes with only a few gametes. Hapi outperformed other phasing methods when analyzing both simulated and real single gamete cell sequencing data sets. The results also suggested that chromosome-scale haplotypes may be inferred by using as few as three gametes, which has pushed the boundary to its possible limit. The single gamete cell sequencing technology allied with the cost-effective Hapi method will make large-scale haplotype-based genetic studies feasible and affordable, promoting the use of haplotype data in a wide range of research.
Is Phylotranscriptomics as Reliable as Phylogenomics?
Authors: Cheon Seongmin , Zhang Jianzhi , Park Chungoo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Phylogenomics, the study of phylogenetic relationships among taxa based on their genome sequences, has emerged as the preferred phylogenetic method because of the wealth of phylogenetic information contained in genome sequences. Genome sequencing, however, can be prohibitively expensive, especially for taxa with huge genomes and when many taxa need sequencing. Consequently, the less costly phylotranscriptomics has seen an increased use in recent years. Phylotranscriptomics reconstructs phylogenies using DNA sequences derived from transcriptomes, which are often orders of magnitude smaller than genomes. However, in the absence of corresponding genome sequences, comparative analyses of transcriptomes can be challenging and it is unclear whether phylotranscriptomics is as reliable as phylogenomics. Here, we respectively compare the phylogenomic and phylotranscriptomic trees of 22 mammals and 15 plants that have both sequenced nuclear genomes and publicly available RNA sequencing data from multiple tissues. We found that phylotranscriptomic analysis can be sensitive to orthologous gene identification. When a rigorous method for identifying orthologs is employed, phylogenomic and phylotranscriptomic trees are virtually identical to each other, regardless of the tissue of origin of the transcriptomes and whether the same tissue is used across species. These findings validate phylotranscriptomics, brighten its prospect, and illustrate the criticality of reliable ortholog detection in such practices.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Peta Jayme L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite robust evidence that barriers exist for sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals in accessing mental health care, and evidence that these populations are at higher risk for mental health concerns in general, there is a lack of literature on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in SGM populations or specific adaptations and changes needed to engage and treat SGM individuals with these disorders in a culturally competent manner. This chapter outlines key areas of research regarding SGM populations with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, including important considerations for differential diagnosis and suggestions for cultural competence. Also covered are the unique needs of SGM populations with these disorders and the needs of subpopulations (transgender and gender nonbinary individuals, people of color, and transition-age youth). Directions for future research are discussed.
Personality Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Prud’homme Julie , Robillard Christina L. , Turner Brianna J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Research examining the prevalence, impact, and course of personality disorders in sexual and gender minority populations is sparse; however, the available literature suggests that personality pathology is more prevalent in sexual and gender minorities compared to those who identify as heterosexual and/or cisgender. Although research is limited, several competing hypotheses have attempted to explain this disparity, including environmental, developmental, minority stress, and dual marginalization theories, as well as critical theories that point to possible roles of diagnostic, clinician, and cultural biases. This chapter highlights three critical future directions. First, rigorous longitudinal research needs to be conducted to evaluate competing etiological hypotheses of personality disorders in sexual and gender minorities. Second, future personality research should examine through an intersectional lens how additional aspects of one’s identity (e.g., ethnicity, class) interact with sexual orientation and gender to influence the experiences of these groups. Finally, clinicians and researchers must be sensitive to both the need to accurately document personality pathology, and the need to avoid unnecessarily pathologizing the experiences of sexual and gender minorities. Ultimately, addressing these future directions would enhance clinicians’ and researchers’ understanding of and ability to respond to the mental health needs of sexual and gender minority populations.
Suicidal Behavior among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Haas Ann P. , Mortali Maggie G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the research literature about suicide and suicide attempts in sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations, comparing this information, where possible, with current knowledge of suicidal behavior in general populations. Drawing on studies across several decades, the authors identify the key research strategies used to study the prevalence and patterns of SGM suicide deaths and attempts, and discuss their contributions and limitations. Theoretical models for understanding SGM suicidal behavior and their implications for suicide prevention are also discussed. The chapter describes how understanding of SGM suicidal behavior has been limited, in particular, by the lack of routine, systematic identification of decedents’ sexual orientation and gender identity at the time of death and insufficient attention to the impact of sociocultural and structural factors on SGM suicide risk.