bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P115 Towards the Perfect Mattress: influence of age on soft tissue pressure
Authors: Rayward L , Kerr G , Pearcy M , Little P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Little is known about the relationship between mattress mechanics and sleep comfort in healthy people. Excessively firm mattresses increase arousal frequency, suggesting that control of soft tissue pressures and spinal distortion plays a role in improving sleep quality.

Methods
This study presents findings from a parametric finite element (FE) analysis to investigate influence of age, anthropometry, mattress stiffness and mattress technology on soft tissue pressure in the pelvis area during supine lying. A subject-specific multi-geometry 3D FE model was developed from a healthy 19-year-old male providing the basis for the parameterization of body size and age (20, 50 and 80 years old) by estimating increase in intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) to reflect stiffening of muscle tissue. Mattress stiffness (soft and firm) and technology (foam and spring) were also tested. Non-linear mechanical behaviour of foam was derived from compression testing, and comparable spring mattress properties were derived as linear elastic. FEM predicted soft tissue pressures and mattress deformation were analysed for relationship with age, anthropometry, mattress firmness and mattress technology via linear regression modelling.

Results
Soft tissue pressure increased with age (β = 0.1 kPa/year, p = 0.0047). In comparison to springs, foams were effective at reducing soft tissue pressure, with the magnitude of this effect increasing with age (age 20: -22.4%, age 50: -33.4%, age 80: -35.7%).

Conclusions
Increased soft tissue pressure may contribute to elevated awakening and arousal frequencies in older populations. Further research should investigate influence of customised non-linear mattress characteristics on overall sleep quality.
P116 A retrospective review of polysomnography results in children referred for suspected obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Riach C , Willink R , Teoh L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), if left untreated, can lead to significant morbidity. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common risk factor, but obese children are also at risk of OSA. Many children undergo adenotonsillectomy without having a prior diagnostic polysomnogram (PSG). We aim to identify risk factors which may predispose to OSA in our referred paediatric cohort.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of children who underwent PSG between Feb 2022-Jan 2024. For categorical variables [sex, ethnicity, co-morbidities (atopy/neuromuscular disease/syndromes)], the primary outcome was OSA (AHI≥1). For continuous variables (age, BMI, OSA-18 score, tonsillar grade), the outcome was Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index (AHI). Five patient groups were considered: full cohort, surgery/no surgery, diagnostic/titration PSG. We obtained p-values for two-sided tests of association between 10 variables and corresponding outcomes, giving 50 tests with critical p-values of 0.05/50=0.0010.

Results
Ninety-six studies were conducted in patients with a median age 7.6 years, range 0.3-16.4. (Diagnostic:Titration, 72:24; Male:Female, 65:31; European:Māori/Pasifika, 55:36). Median BMI was 18.6, range 11.7-57.1. For diagnostic studies (median AHI 2.8/hour, range 0-132.3), a positive association between BMI and AHI is demonstrated (p=0.0001, Kendall τ=0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.46). The association is stronger when patients with neuromuscular disease/syndromes (28/96) are excluded (p=0.00002, Kendall τ=0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.56).

Discussion/Conclusion
In children referred for a diagnostic PSG, AHI tends to increase with BMI. Screening for OSA symptoms should be considered in children with a high BMI and a diagnostic PSG performed.
P122 Various factors determine the impact of Caffeine on Athletes’ sleep
Authors: Sajadi Hezaveh Z , Bodur M , Barkell J , Li X 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Athletes are drawn to caffeine due to its perceived performance-enhancing effects. However, it can lead to undesirable effects such as sleeplessness and insomnia. This systematic review aimed to evaluate this potential impact by exploring the literature and existing clinical trials.

Methods
A systematic search was performed across Web of Science, Cinahl, PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Scienceopen for randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials published from 1980 to December 2023. Full-text screening and quality assessment using RoB-2 tool were performed by two independent researchers. Due to heterogeneity in outcome measures and various reporting strategies, a meta-analysis was not feasible.

Results
Out of 2050 articles, nine studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. Some included studies reported significant reductions or increases in sleep quality following caffeine consumption, while others found no significant changes. Similarly, findings regarding sleep duration, awakenings, sleep efficiency, and sleep onset latency varied across studies. Studies also reported conflicting results regarding insomnia. Studies were categorized as low risk of bias, except for two as unclear, and one as high risk.

Discussion
Overall, caffeine may influence the sleep of athletically trained populations in various ways, dependent on factors such as the timing of caffeine intake relative to exercise and sleep time, and individual characteristics such as habitual caffeine consumption and body weight. This review provides insight into the complex relationship between caffeine supplementation and sleep in athletes, highlighting the need for nuanced understanding and tailored recommendations.
P126 Sleep Regularity and Circadian Alignment Intervention for Improving Mental Health in Athletes (SCIMA): Study Protocol
Authors: Walsh E , Leota J , Drummond S , Liddle S , Facer-Childs E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep, circadian rhythms, and mental health are reciprocally interlinked. The SCIMA protocol was developed for this study through an iterative co-design process, involving guidance from athletes through qualitative interviews, as well as recommendations from experts. The following protocol aims to a) develop and pilot this intervention in athletes b) determine whether changes in sleep regularity and circadian alignment can lead to improved mental health.

Methods
Approximately 40 athletes will be allocated to the intervention condition. The intervention will be conducted over a period of 4 weeks as well as a prior 2-week baseline assessment. The main guidelines of SCIMA are to establish a regular sleep–wake schedule that has been informed by individual circadian biology. The intervention contains additional components to assist in maintaining this routine, including group psychoeducation, weekly behavioural coaching, light therapy and blue light blocking glasses. Mental health, DLMO, performance and sleep will be assessed pre and post intervention and mood will be tracked through Ecological Momentary Assessment twice daily. Adherence to the intervention will be measured through goal attainment scaling. Wrist worn monitors and daily sleep diaries will be used to track sleep over the baseline/intervention period.

Discussion
There are currently no intervention studies on circadian alignment and sleep regularity for athletes’ mental health. Existing research is mostly cross-sectional and subjective, lacking evidence for causation. Clarifying the relationship between sleep, circadian rhythms, and mental health in professional athletes across different sports and individual characteristics will enhance our understanding of how sleep and circadian health affect their mental well-being.
P130 Predictors of CPAP use in female OSA patients
Authors: Wimms A , Campos-Rodriguez F , Topfer V , Lips A , Fietze I , Willes L , Decker M , Benjafield A , Woehrle H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
It has been shown that quality of life (QoL) can be significantly improved in symptomatic female OSA patients when treated with CPAP. Therefore, we sought to understand the predictors of CPAP compliance in females.

Methods
A post-hoc analysis was conducted on data from a female specific OSA clinical trial. 122 female OSA patients (age 53.7 ± 9.5 years, BMI 32.8 ± 6.2 kg/m2, AHI 39.0 ± 18.2/h) from Germany and Spain had undertaken 3 months of CPAP treatment, with sleep and quality of life metrics collected pre and post CPAP usage. From the 111 patients who completed the study, 75/111 (67.6%) were compliant to CPAP (average usage ≥ 4 h/night). Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate potential predictors of CPAP compliance, including demographics, comorbidities, sleep parameters, and pre-study quality of life.

Results
Predictors for CPAP compliance in female patients were increased age (p=0.0043), and higher ODI (p=0.0159). There were no relationships (p&gt;0.05) found between CPAP compliance and comorbidities (anxiety, depression, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, insomnia), or pre-study quality of life metrics (ESS, FOSQ, EQ-5D, PHQ scores). CPAP compliance was a significant factor in improvements in FOSQ and PH-Q scores, but not ESS scores.

Discussion
In this analysis we found that CPAP compliance strongly influenced QoL, measured by the FOSQ and PH-Q. Younger females, and those who have less severe oxygen desaturation indexes, may be more likely to struggle to reach CPAP compliance, and therefore may need additional support when starting CPAP.
P131 The Value of Sleep Psychology
Authors: Winter S , Crocker S , Rolls T , Curtin D , Szollosi I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep Psychology is a vital but under resourced in the management of sleep disorders. An understanding of the case mix, function and role of sleep psychology within the multidisciplinary team is vital to achieving optimal patient outcomes and service efficiencies.

Methods
Patients referred to sleep psychology in a multidisciplinary sleep service at a major tertiary hospital between 1 June 2023 and 31 May 2024 were included. The primary referral sleep question/s for intervention and number of treatment sessions relative to sleep psychology resource (FTE) was collated.

Results
A total of 184 unique referrals were received for the sleep psychology service over the 12 month period. The most commons sleep complaints for intervention were insomnia (78.8%) and COMISA (47.9%), followed by hypersomnia/excessive daytime sleepiness (19.6%) and CPAP/NIV compliance (17.9%). Other presentations for intervention included trauma (9.8%), irregular sleep-wake cycle (8.7%), central disorders of hypersomnolence (8.2%), as well as less frequent presentations of parasomnias, nightmares, delayed sleep phase disorder and substance misuse. Patients had an average of 1.54 sleep complaints for targeted intervention. On completion of intervention patients were seen for an average of 4.2 appointments representing 593 revenue generating occasions of service from 0.8 FTE of sleep psychology resource. On commencement of a direct to psychology referral pathway for a primary insomnia presentation from July 2023, 14% of referrals to psychology bypassed lengthy physician waitlists to access treatment.

Discussion
Sleep Psychology adds treatment diversity and flexibility to the multidisciplinary management of sleep disorders, improving system efficiencies and patient outcomes.
P132 Feasibility and acceptability of switching from a previous-generation to a new-generation full-face mask for positive airway pressure therapy of sleep apnea using remote care
Authors: Zhu X , Benjafield A , Deas R , Willes L , Girish S , Cheah P , Moodley S , Gray E , Banodkar N , Armitstead J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Mask selection could affect an individual’s experience with positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but there is very limited data on the impact of switching to a different mask once established on PAP therapy. This study investigated the patient’s experience when switching from a previous-generation full-face mask (FFM) to a new-generation FFM via remote care.

Methods
A new FFM (AirFit F30i) was successfully fitted to 107 participants during video conferencing sessions. Participants completed online questionnaires on day 1, day 3, day 7, day 30 and day 90 after FFM switch to collect subjective feedback and quality of life data; objective PAP device data were also downloaded.

Results
Residual apnea-hypopnea index did not significantly differ from baseline at day 30 (0.2±1.1/h [p=0.142]) or day 90 (0.2±1.0/h [p=0.061]). Average daily usage was significantly increased from baseline at day 30 (+0.4±1.5 h/day [p=0.033]) but not day 90 (+0.2±1.4 h/day [p=0.216]). Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ-10) score was similar at baseline and day 90 (change from baseline to day 90: 0.43±2.57 [p=0.174]). Subjective ratings for comfort, seal, and usability of the new-generation FFM were significantly better than the predefined acceptability level. Rates of PAP-related side effects were generally acceptable.

Discussion
Remote management of mask change was associated with good outcomes in terms of objective device data and patient acceptability. This approach could be used to improve the overall therapy experience for individuals requiring a PAP therapy mask change for any reason.
Simulated burn pit smoke condensates cause sustained impact on human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Ghosh Arunava , Rogers Jr. Keith L , Gallant Samuel C , Brocke Stephanie A , Speen Adam M , Kim Yong Ho , Gilmour M Ian , Randell Scott H , Jaspers Ilona 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inhalation of smoke from burn pits during military deployment is associated with several adverse pulmonary outcomes. We exposed human airway epithelial cells to smoke condensates from burn pit waste materials. Single and repeated exposure to condensates triggered unique and common responses in terms of gene expression that were sustained through the recovery phase. Source material and combustion condition influenced the outcome. Intensified response in female donor cells indicated a determining role of biological sex. The observations indicate a lasting impact of burn pit smoke exposure on epithelial gene expression, potentially contributing to disease pathogenesis.
The thermal optimum of photosynthetic parameters is regulated by leaf nutrients in neotropical savannas
Authors: de Sousa Oliveira Tony César , Veenendaal Elmar , Domingues Tomas Ferreira 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global warming significantly threatens species in the Cerrado, the world’s largest savannah. Therefore, understanding how plants respond to temperature change, particularly in relation to leaf-level photosynthetic capacity, is crucial to understanding the future of Cerrado vegetation. Here, we determined the optimum temperature of the maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation and maximum electron transport rate (TOptV and TOptJ, respectively) of 12 tree species in two opposite borders (northeastern and southeastern) of the Cerrado with distinct temperature regimes. We focused on four widespread species found in both sites, four restricted to the northeast, and four to the southeast. We compared TOptV and TOptJ between regions and between widespread species (co-occurring in both sites) and species restricted to each ecoregion. Additionally, we also explored the relationship between TOptV and TOptJ with leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). As a result, we found that TOptV and TOptJ values were similar across species, regardless of the study region or species distribution range. The similarity of TOpt values among species suggests that photosynthetic performance is optimized to current temperatures. Additionally, we also observed that the TOptV and TOptJ were similar to the local maximum ambient temperatures. Therefore, if these species do not have enough plasticity, the increasing temperature predicted for this region may reduce their photosynthetic performance. Finally, the studied species exhibited general relationships between the TOptV and TOptJ and foliar key nutrients, particularly with P, suggesting the nutrient availability has an important role in the thermal acclimation of leaves. These findings offer valuable insights into physiological and ecological mechanisms in photosynthesis performance present in the Cerrado species.
Evaluation of the relationship between day or night birth time and morbidities and mortality in premature infants less than 32 weeks in a Turkish NICU
Authors: Akin Mustafa Senol , Cakir Ufuk 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Staffing levels, fatigue, and intervention timing may vary based on working hours and potentially influence the clinical outcomes of newborns. It remains unclear how the birth time of premature infants throughout the day affects their clinical outcome. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of premature infants born during and after work hours. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, infants born at &lt;32 weeks of age were categorized into two groups based on birth time. The first group included infants born during daytime working hours on weekdays, whereas the second group included infants born during nighttime working hours on weekdays, weekends, and public holidays. Both groups were compared in terms of clinical outcomes. Data from 572 patients born at &lt;32 weeks of age were analyzed, with 137 (24%) infants in the on-hours group and 435 (76%) in the off-hours group. No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of gestational age (GA) (27.4 ± 2.8 weeks vs. 27.7 ± 2.7 weeks), birth weight (BW) (1132 ± 459 g vs. 1064 ± 450 g), and gender distribution (53.2% vs. 55.4% male) (P &gt; .05). There were no significant differences in other clinical outcomes, morbidities, or mortality rates between the groups (P &gt; .05). Despite potential fluctuations in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staffing levels during on- and off-duty hours, the morbidity and mortality of premature infants aged &lt;32 weeks were not affected in our unit. Each NICU should assess whether delivery time influences clinical outcomes, based on unique care conditions. The change in clinical outcomes depending on the time of birth may be particularly important in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Negative results may be an indication that the staff is under excessive workload. In addition, by providing a solution to the cause of the detected problem, both clinical outcomes may be improved and patient care costs due to morbidity may be reduced. Our results may be particularly important for studies to be conducted on this subject in LMIC.
Increase of niche filling with increase of host richness for plant-infecting mastreviruses
Authors: Ben Chéhida Sélim , Devi Bunwaree Heemee , Hoareau Murielle , Moubset Oumaima , Julian Charlotte , Blondin Laurence , Filloux Denis , Lavergne Christophe , Roumagnac Philippe , Varsani Arvind , Martin Darren P , Lett Jean-Michel , Lefeuvre Pierre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Now that it has been realized that viruses are ubiquitous, questions have been raised on factors influencing their diversity and distribution. For phytoviruses, understanding the interplay between plant diversity and virus species richness and prevalence remains cardinal. As both the amplification and the dilution of viral species richness due to increasing host diversity have been theorized and observed, a deeper understanding of how plants and viruses interact in natural environments is needed to explore how host availability conditions viral diversity and distributions. From a unique dataset, this study explores interactions of Mastrevirus species (family Geminiviridae) with Poales order hosts across 10 sites from three contrasting ecosystems on La Réunion. Among 273 plant pools, representing 61 Poales species, 15 Mastrevirus species were characterized from 22 hosts. The analysis revealed a strong association of mastreviruses with hosts from agroecosystems, the rare presence of viruses in coastal grasslands, and the absence of mastreviruses in subalpine areas, areas dominated by native plants. This suggests that detected mastreviruses were introduced through anthropogenic activities, emphasizing the role of humans in shaping the global pathobiome. By reconstructing the realized host–virus infection network, besides revealing a pattern of increasing viral richness with increasing host richness, we observed increasing viral niche occupancies with increasing host species richness, implying that virus realized richness at any given site is conditioned on the global capacity of the plant populations to host diverse mastreviruses. Whether this tendency is driven by synergy between viruses or by an interplay between vector population and plant richness remains to be established.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of extended spectrum cephalosporins: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failures
Authors: Miari Victoria Fotini , Mosoff Jonna Messina , Chico R Matthew 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the recognised global antimicrobial resistance priorities. Extended spectrum cephalosporins, the last remaining reliable antimicrobial, increasingly fail to clear N. gonorrhoeae infections, especially pharyngeal gonorrhoea, leading to limited future treatment options.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of gonococcal treatment failures and compared the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of isolates from pharyngeal and extra-pharyngeal anatomical sites (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020189101).

Results
The overall pooled mean MIC for cefixime was 0.17 mg/L (95% [CI]: 0.07, 0.41) and ceftriaxone was 0.10 mg/L (95% [CI]: 0.05, 0.22). For cefixime, the mean MIC estimates for pharyngeal and extra-pharyngeal treatment failures were 0.05 mg/L (95% [CI]: 0.02, 0.14) and 0.29 mg/L (95% [CI]: 0.11, 0.81), and for ceftriaxone 0.09 mg/L (95% [CI]: 0.03, 0.22) and 0.14 mg/L (95% [CI]: 0.03, 0.73), respectively. The pooled mean MICs for pharyngeal isolates are below the phenotypic European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) resistance breakpoint for both antimicrobials (>0.125 mg/L).

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the need to review the current resistance breakpoints used for pharyngeal infection and the urgency to establish international standards for MIC testing, and advance efforts of the World Health Organization’s global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae. Ongoing susceptibility testing of gonococcal isolates and surveillance of treatment failures are central to informing appropriate public health responses.