bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strange quark mass turns magnetic domain walls into multi-winding flux tubes
Authors: Evans Geraint W , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dense quark matter is expected to behave as a type-II superconductor at strong coupling. It was previously shown that if the strange quark mass m
s is neglected, magnetic domain walls in the so-called 2SC phase are the energetically preferred magnetic defects in a certain parameter region. Computing the flux tube profiles and associated free energies within a Ginzburg–Landau approach, we find a cascade of multi-winding flux tubes as ‘remnants’ of the domain wall when m
s is increased. These flux tubes exhibit an unconventional ring-like structure of the magnetic field. We show that flux tubes with winding numbers larger than one survive for values of m
s up to about 20% of the quark chemical potential. This makes them unlikely to play a significant role in compact stars, but they may appear in the QCD phase diagram in the presence of an external magnetic field.
Nuclear matter at finite temperature and static properties of proto-neutron star
Authors: Sen Debashree 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the effective chiral model, the finite temperature properties of nuclear matter have been studied at different temperatures. For symmetric nuclear matter, I particularly focused on the possibility of liquid–gas phase transition at low temperature and density. The critical temperature obtained in this context, is consistent with the experimental and empirical findings. The free energy and entropy variation are also studied for different values of temperature. A few asymmetric nuclear matter properties like the equation of state and the speed of sound with respect to temperature are also examined. The work is also extended to obtain the equation of state β stable nuclear matter at finite temperature. For the neutrino free case, the various static proto-neutron star properties are computed for a wide range of temperature, relevant to proto-neutron stars. For all the values of temperature, the obtained estimates of maximum gravitational mass are found to be in good agreement with the observational constraints specified from massive pulsars like PSR J0348 + 0432 and PSR J0740 + 6620. The results of surface redshift for all the temperature also satisfy the maximum surface redshift constraints from EXO 07482-676, 1E 1207.4-5209 and RX J0720.4-3125.
Strong decays of the hadronic molecule Ω* (2012)
Authors: Gutsche Thomas , Lyubovitskij Valery E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStrong two- and three-body decays of the new excited hyperon Ω*(2012) are discussed in the hadronic molecular approach. The Ω*(2012) state is considered to contain the mixedΞ*K̄and Ωηhadronic components. In our calculations we use a phenomenological hadronic Lagrangian for description of interaction of the Ω*(2012) state with constituents and of constituents to other hadrons occurring in the final state. Our results show that the decay widths of the two-body decay modesΩ*(2012)→ΞK̄lie in the few MeV region and are compatible with or dominate over the rates of the three-body modesΩ*(2012)→ΞπK̄. The sum of two- and three-body decay widths is consistent with a width of the Ω*(2012) originally measured by the Belle collaboration. A possible scenario for the suppression of the three-body decay rate recently noticed by the Belle collaboration is due to the dominant admixture of the Ωηhadronic component in the Ω*(2012) state.
Solvothermal synthesis of α-Fe2O3 polyhedrons and its application in an immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Wu Shujing , Du Juan , Xiang Qisen , Zhao Dianbo , Bai Yanhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The immunochromatographic strip test (ICST) is a powerful on-site detection technology due to its unique advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and readability by the naked eye. Here we illustrate the potential of α-Fe2O3 polyhedrons as a novel visual label, which exhibit advantages of high stability and economy, for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) as a model foodborne pathogen. A low-cost and simple one-step solvothermal approach was developed for the synthesis of α-Fe2O3 polyhedrons; the average diameter of the α-Fe2O3 polyhedrons is about 200 nm. The crystal structure and morphology of α-Fe2O3 polyhedrons were characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. α-Fe2O3 polyhedrons were immunized with anti-L. monocytogenes antibody to prepare an antibody–colloidal α-Fe2O3 polyhedron ICST. Visual detection can be obtained directly by the naked eye within 10 min. The detection limit of L. monocytogenes by α-Fe2O3 polyhedron ICST assay was 3.8 × 106 and 5.6 × 106 CFU/ml of pure culture and artificially spiked orange juice drink sample, respectively. Results indicated that the antibody–colloidal α-Fe2O3 polyhedron ICST is a rapid, simple, and low-cost assay. This approach showed great potential in the application of foodborne pathogen detection concerning food safety.
Carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite micropillar arrays using non-lithographic silicon nanowires as a template for performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Pinming Chinathun , Wongwiriyapan Winadda , Rattanamai Songsak , Ketama Nathakreat , Treetong Alongkot , Ikuno Takashi , Tumcharern Gamolwan , Klamchuen Annop 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane composite micropillar (CNT/PDMS MP) arrays were successfully fabricated using non-lithographic silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays as a template for performance enhancement of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). The CNT/PDMS MP arrays were obtained by pouring CNT/PDMS composites on the SiNW arrays and peeled off. Surface topology of CNT/PDMS composites directly depends on morphology of SiNW arrays, which can be varied by the etching time of the typical metal-assisted chemical etching process. The micropatterned CNT/PDMS composites was mostly depicted to the SiNW array template pattern when the morphologies of the SiNW were optimized with a length of approximately 10 mm. Next, the CNT/PDMS MP arrays were utilized as a triboelectric layer of TENGs, generating the maximum output voltage of 22.84 ± 0.85 V, enabling an approximately 18-fold improvement in an electrical output compared to the flat PDMS-based TENG. The performance enhancement of TENGs based on CNT/PDMS MP arrays are attributed to synergic effects of (1) an enhancement of electrostatic induction by CNT composites, increasing dielectric constant, and (2) an enhancement of electrification by surface texturing using non-lithographic pattern and CNT composites.
Selective GaN sublimation and local area regrowth for co-integration of enhancement mode and depletion mode Al(Ga)N/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Thi Huong Ngo , Comyn Rémi , Chenot Sébastien , Brault Julien , Damilano Benjamin , Vézian Stéphane , Frayssinet Eric , Cozette Flavien , Rodriguez Christophe , Defrance Nicolas , Lecourt François , Labat Nathalie , Maher Hassan , Cordier Yvon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the fabrication of a normally-off Al(Ga)N/GaN high electron mobility transistor with selective area sublimation under vacuum of the p type doped GaN cap layer. This soft method makes it possible to avoid damages otherwise induced by post processing with reactive ion etching techniques. The GaN evaporation selectivity is demonstrated on AlN as well as on AlGaN barrier layers. Furthermore, by properly choosing the AlGaN barrier thickness and composition it is possible to co-integrate a normally-off with a normally-on device on the same substrate. Finally, a local area regrowth of AlGaN can complement this process to increase the maximum drain current in the transistors.
Dynamics of heuristics selection for cooperative behaviour
Authors: Cardoso Felipe Maciel , Gracia-Lázaro Carlos , Moreno Yamir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Situations involving cooperative behaviour are widespread among animals and humans alike. Game theory and evolutionary dynamics have provided the theoretical and computational grounds to understand what are the mechanisms that allow for such cooperation. Studies in this area usually take into consideration different behavioural strategies and investigate how they can be fixed in the population under evolving rules. However, how those strategies emerged from basic evolutionary mechanisms continues to be not fully understood. To address this issue, here we study the emergence of cooperative strategies through a model of heuristics selection based on evolutionary algorithms. In the proposed model, agents interact with other players according to a heuristic specified by their genetic code and reproduce—at a longer time scale—proportionally to their fitness. We show that the system can evolve to cooperative regimes for low mutation rates through heuristics selection while increasing the mutation decreases the level of cooperation. Our analysis of possible strategies shows that reciprocity and punishment are the main ingredients for cooperation to emerge, and the emerging heuristics would likely cooperate in one-shot interactions. Additionally, we show that if in addition to behavioural rules, genetic relatedness is included, then kinship plays a relevant role, changing emerging strategies significantly. Our results illustrate that our evolutionary heuristics model is a generic and powerful tool to study the evolution of cooperative behaviour.
Photoemission from the gas phase using soft x-ray fs pulses: an investigation of the space-charge effects
Authors: Verna Adriano , Stefani Giovanni , Offi Francesco , Gejo Tatsuo , Tanaka Yoshihito , Tanaka Kenta , Nishie Tatsuru , Nagaya Kiyonobu , Niozu Akinobu , Yamamura Ryosuke , Suenaga Taiga , Takahashi Osamu , Fujise Hikaru , Togashi Tadashi , Yabashi Makina , Oura Masaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An experimental and computational investigation of the space-charge effects occurring in ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy from the gas phase is presented. The target sample CF3I is excited by ultrashort (100 fs) far-ultraviolet radiation pulses produced by a free-electron laser. The modification of the energy distribution of the photoelectrons, i.e. the shift and broadening of the spectral structures, is monitored as a function of the pulse intensity. The experimental results are compared with computational simulations which employ a Barnes–Hut algorithm to calculate the effect of individual Coulomb forces acting among the particles. In the presented model, a survey spectrum acquired at low radiation fluence is used to determine the initial energy distribution of the electrons after the photoemission event. The spectrum modified by the space-charge effects is then reproduced by N-body calculations that simulate the dynamics of the photoelectrons subject to the individual mutual Coulomb repulsion and to the attractive force of the positive ions. The employed numerical method accounts for the space-charge effects on the energy distribution and allows to reproduce the complete photoelectron spectrum and not just a specific photoemission structure. The simulations also provide information on the time evolution of the space-charge effects on the picosecond scale. Differences with the case of photoemission from solid samples are highlighted and discussed. The presented simulation procedure, although it omits the analysis of angular distribution, constitutes an effective simplified model that allows to predict and account for space-charge effects on the photoelectron energy spectrum in time-resolved photoemission experiments with high-intensity pulsed sources.
Mathematical analysis of heat and mass transfer in a Maxwell fluid with double stratification
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Khan Muhammad Naveed , Nadeem Sohail 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present research is to study the effects of variable thermal conductivity on the three-dimensional steady flow of Maxwell nanofluid in the presence of heat generation/absorption and double stratification. The theory of Cattaneo-Christov is used instead of the law of Fourier because the law of Fourier has parabolic equations and move at infinite speed in space. By using adequate transformation, the nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary equations (ODEs). The set of equations are solved numerically by adopting the bvp4c Matlab technique. The effects of different evolving parameters on axial velocity, temperature, and concentration are described in graphs. It is perceived that thermal and concentration stratification parameters result in the reduction of temperature and concentration distribution. Further, the heat generation parameter enhances the temperature distribution.
Plasma performance improvement with favourable B
t relative to unfavourable B
t in RF-heated H-mode plasmas in EAST
Authors: Lin X. , Yang Q.Q. , Xu G.S. , Huang J. , Gong X.Z. , Wang L. , Qian J.P. , Zhang B. , Garofalo A.M. , Chen R. , Jia G.Z. , Ye Y. , Lu Z.Y. , Chen L. , Zang Q. , Liu H.Q. , Li M.H. , Wang Y.M. , He L. , Xu J.C. , Yu Y.W. , Lin S.Y. , Duan Y.M. , EAST team the 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Significant improvement of plasma performance in high-confinement mode (H-mode) discharges with favourable toroidal field B
t, i.e. the ion ∇B drift towards the primary X-point, has been widely observed in the EAST tokamak with pure radio-frequency heating in contrast to that with the unfavourable B
t. Statistical analysis indicates that plasma in the favourable B
t has higher core electron temperature, similar core ion temperature and relatively steeper pedestal density compared with that in the unfavourable B
t. The improvement in plasma performance is mainly contributed by the increase of core electron temperature in the favourable B
t. Further analysis indicates that the plasma with favourable B
t has much lower density and recycling in the scrape-off layer (SOL). Lower SOL density and recycling benefit the mitigation of parametric instability activity of lower hybrid wave (LHW), and thus facilitate the increase of core electron temperature in the favourable B
t. The performance improvement in the favourable B
t demonstrates to be more evident with high LHW power. Divertor local E
r × B drift which can increase the backflow particles from the divertor region to the upstream region could be partly responsible for the much higher SOL plasma density in unfavourable B
t. These findings could facilitate the application of LHW power on future large fusion devices, such as the China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, to achieve high-performance steady-state operation.
Radiation asymmetry and MHD destabilization during the thermal quench after impurity shattered pellet injection
Authors: Hu D. , Nardon E. , Hoelzl M. , Wieschollek F. , Lehnen M. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , van Vugt D. C. , Kim S.-H. , contributors JET , team JOREK 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The radiation response and the MHD destabilization during the thermal quench after a mixed species shattered pellet injection with impurity species neon and argon are investigated via 3D non-linear MHD simulation using the JOREK code. Both the n = 0 global current profile contraction and the local helical cooling at each rational surface caused by the pellet fragments are found to be responsible for MHD destabilization after the injection. Significant current driven mode growth is observed as the fragments cross low order rational surfaces, resulting in rapidly inward propagating stochastic magnetic field, ultimately causing the core temperature collapse. The thermal quench (TQ) is triggered as the fragments arrive on the q = 1 or q = 2 surface depending on the exact q profile and thus mode structure. When injecting from a single toroidal location, strong radiation asymmetry is found before and during the TQ as a result of the unrelaxed impurity density profile along the field line and asymmetric outward heat flux. Such asymmetry gradually relaxes over the course of the TQ, and is entirely eliminated by the end of it. Simulation results indicate that the aforementioned asymmetric radiation behavior could be significantly mitigated by injection from toroidally opposite locations, provided that the time delay between the two injectors is shorter than 1 ms. It is also found that the MHD response are sensitive to the relative timing and injection configuration in these multiple injection cases.
First International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (ISCPS), Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Obaid Ahmed J. , Al-Rafaei Mohamed , Salaeh Hasson Haider , Abas Hussain Luay Abdual , Hamad Bassma H. , Ahmed Hiba A. 
Published: November 2020

The ISCPS Proceedings volume contains the written versions of the contributions presented during the First International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (ISCPS), it had been held at Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq(http://sci.uokufa.edu.iq/), at 13 and 14 July 2020, ISCPS also hosted a session from 3rd Creativity and Innovation Forum which it’s had been held at University of Babylon. The Conference provided a forum for discussion and sharing between lecturers, researchers, academics, practitioners, communities, and Information technology specialists, from universities, research institutes, corporations, industries, the government, and the general public in terms of Pure and Applied Sciences in the aspect of Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics, and Mathematics. The conference has been a great opportunity for participants coming from UK, Turkey, Egypt, Lebanon, Qatar, Algeria, Syria, Iran, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Palestine, Senegal, Morocco, and Many other Countries to present and discuss topics in their respective research areas.
List of Conference Chairs, Editorial Committee, Organizing Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Scientific Committee (Faculty of Science, University of Kufa), Invited Speakers, Organizing Institutions and Sponsors are available in this pdf.
Molecular Study and Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of some Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes (ESBL) of Klebsiella pneumpniae in Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Al-Hashimy Ashwak B. , Al-Musawy Weam K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study included the collection of 121 samples from MSU for investigating the presence of K.pneumoniae in UTIs, the samples have been collected from Al-Shaheed Mohammed Baqir AL-Hakeem hospital and private laboratories in Baghdad province. The study was carried out through March 2019 to the beginning of June 2019. The samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopically characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing on number of culture media as well as biochemical tests, molecular identification were also used as a final diagnostic test for isolates that were positive as they belong to K.pneumoniae bacteria during previous tests based on the blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes which has specific sequences for K.pneumoniae bacteria as a detection gene and also consider as virulence factor so it have a synonyms mechanism to antibiotic resistance. The results of the final diagnosis showed that 38 isolates belong to target bacteria, The examination of the sensitivity of all bacterial isolates was done for selected 38 isolation towards the 16 antibiotics by a Vitek2 compact ASTN system and the isolates were resistant for a number of antibiotics used such as; Amikacin (5.26%), Imepenem (5.26%), Ertapenem (7.89%), Meropenem (10.52%), Gentamicin (21.05%), Ciprofloxacin (26.32%), Cefoxitin (39.47%), Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (50%), Ceftriaxone (52.63%), Fosfomycin (55.26%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam (57.89%), Nitrofurantoin (57.89%), Ceftazidime (65.79%), Cefuroxime (71.05%), Cefixime (73.68%) and Ampicillin (100%). The presence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase genes in 38 K.pneumoniae isolates were 65.8 % of the ESBL genotypes expressed blaSHV genes followed by 52.6 % blaTEM and 42.1 % for blaCTX-M.
RP – HPLC method for the determination of removal phenol as a pollutant in aqueous solution
Authors: Saeed Ahmed Mahdi , Ibrahim Dheyaa H. , Al–Latief Hind A.W.A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An efficient, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible methods for the removal phenol determination of in aqueous solution was developed. UV- Spectroscopy methods and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP - HPLC) were used. The phenol removal from the aqueous solution was carried out by prepared activated carbons (ACs) from the wheat plant waste as a natural material. The remains phenol was determined using RP – HPLC and UV- Spectroscopy. The elution was done using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile (ACN): water in the ratio of 10:90 on HPLC Shimadzu LC–20 A, Japan and Phenomenex C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm). The separation was monitored for 15 min at 270 nm using a UV-visible detector and 1.5 ml/min flow rate. UV-VIS spectrophotometric measurement for quantitative of phenol was carried out at 272.6 nm. The optimum conditions such as the composition of the mobile phase, flow rate, temperature, size, time and pH were studied. The obtained results revealed that the values of R2 are (0.9996 and 0.9991), the detection limit (0.02 and 0.01), the quantitative limit (0. 066 and 0.033), the linear ranges (0.2 – 25 and 0.1 – 30) μg / mL for UV and HPLC respectively. The removal percentages of phenol using the treated wheat plant waste were found 98.76 and 98.85 using UV and HPLC measurements respectively. Compared to the other methods, the current method is rapid, simple and economical for the removal and determination of phenol in aqueous solution.
Study the Daily Behavior of Rainfall over Iraq
Authors: Hmood Abd Donia Qassim , Abdulkareem Asraa Khtan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Through statistical analysis and determine the date and place of daily rainfall for the study area, which included ten stations from Iraq (2007-2016) It turned out that the behavior of daily rainfall varied significantly from Extreme values reached (89 mm) in Baghdad to min. (0.2mm) in Samawah, Although most of the months of rainy season did not record any rain. Baghdad, Mosul, Khanken and Kirkuk are most variable stations of rain with SD (4). The reason for the change in the amount of daily rain and the difference in distribution between the months of the rainy season is due to the nature of the atmospheric depression where very severe cases it results from the deepening of the atmospheric low surface pressure In this study, it was found that the daily rains of Iraq are not only varying in amount but also a different in Persisting with (1-4and more) days where In March all stations have max. Frequency persisting one day but persisting two days was in January while December persisting three days but persisting four days and more recorded in December. This is due to the nature of the atmospheric depression where very severe cases it results from the Atmospheric depression deepened from the upper atmosphere.