bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated social defeat promotes persistent inflammatory changes in splenic myeloid cells; decreased expression of β-arrestin-2 (ARRB2) and increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6)
Authors: Rajalingam Dhaksshaginy , Nymoen Ingeborg , Jacobsen Daniel Pitz , Eriksen Mina Baarnes , Dissen Erik , Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Einarsen Ståle Valvatne , Gjerstad Johannes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies suggest that persistent exposure to social stress in mammals may be associated with multiple physiological effects. Here, we examine the effects of social stress in rats, i.e. repeated social defeat, on behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and immune system. Methods A resident-intruder paradigm, where an intruder rat was exposed to social stress by a dominant resident rat for one hour each day for seven consecutive days was used. The day after the last stress exposure in the paradigm the data were analyzed. Variation in social interaction was observed manually, whereas locomotion was analyzed off-line by a purpose-made software. Gene expression in the pituitary gland, adrenal gland and myeloid cells isolated from the spleen was measured by qPCR. Results The exposure to social stress induced decreased weight gain and increased locomotion. An increased nuclear receptor subfamily group C number 1 (NR3C1) expression in the pituitary gland was also shown. In myeloid cells harvested from the spleen, we observed decreased expression of the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and β-arrestin-2 (ARRB2), but increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Subsequent analyses in the same cells showed that ARRB2 was negatively correlated with IL-6 following the stress exposure. Conclusion Our results show that that the experience of social stress in the form of repeated social defeat in rats is a potent stressor that in myeloid cells in the spleen promotes persistent inflammatory changes. Future research is needed to examine whether similar inflammatory changes also can explain the impact of social stress, such as bullying and harassment, among humans.
Serum level of IL-10 and IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism are associated with the risk of ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis
Authors: Rui Xiaodong , Sha Yeqin , Wen Shuang , Sun Qingyang , Hu Jingming , Yan Fengfeng , he lianping , Xie Guanghui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality among adults worldwide. The aim of the study was to confirm the relationship of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and its gene polymorphism with the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). METHODS PubMed and China Wanfang database were systematically searched up to September 2, 2019. Studies illustrating on the association between serum IL-10 or IL-10-1082G/A, IL-10-819C/T, IL-10- 592C/A polymorphisms and IS susceptibility were included in this study. Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the study quality. RevMan 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis which provides 3754 patients with IS and 5064 controls. Combined analysis indicated that patients with IS had lower serum level of IL-10 (Mean difference [MD]: -4.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.14 to -2.36, p<0.0001). An association was identified between IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism and the risk of IS, but no association was found between polymorphism of IL-10-819C/T or IL-10- 592C/A and the risk of IS when all ethnic groups were considered together. For IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism, individuals with AA-genotype might have an increased risk of IS among Chinese Han population while no such correlation was observed in other ethnic group. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that low serum level of IL-10 and IL-10-1082G/A polymorphism may be associated with the risk of IS. More clinical studies should be conducted to confirm the relationship between serum IL-10 level and the risk of IS in all ethnic groups.
Dissatisfaction between medical providers and patients in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Authors: Zhumadilova Anara , Kozhakhmetova Aizhan , Kuanyshbayeva Gaukhar , Kazhen Madina , Akhmadiyeva Amina , Craig Brett J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The continuous increase in dissatisfaction among patients toward health care providers remains high in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To confirm the researcher’s previous results and see any other possible outcomes in the present study, we decided to investigate randomly selected patients and health care providers from both private and state medical hospitals. We investigated the possible factors in miscommunication between health care providers and patients to understand and discuss this demand and to develop recommendations for further improvement. The cross-sectional study of 500 patients (response rate, 85.4%) and 500 health care providers (response rate, 86.4%) from some private and state hospitals in the city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, was carried out based on their answers from a questionnaire containing the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and scales assessing life and job satisfaction, job effort-job reward balance, and patient evaluation of communication. Our study showed that the majority of health care providers and even patients were doctor-centered. The patient-centered orientation of health care providers was negatively correlated with age (P=0.000218) and life satisfaction (P=0.000001). In patients, contrarily, patient-centeredness was enhanced by higher life satisfaction (P=0.040), although negatively correlated with age (P=2.659E-21). This study has demonstrated that younger health care providers and those with lower life satisfaction are more patient-centered. Older respondents and those with higher life satisfaction, in contrast, reported doctor-centered attitudes. The majority of younger patients have a stronger belief in good health associated with patient-centered care whereas the older population preferred a more doctor-centered care. In all patients, the preference of patient-centered care was associated with higher satisfaction in life.
Transcutaneous Oxygen Saturation Accuracy in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Brooks Joshua Cushing , Raman Sainath , Gibbons Kristen , Williams Tara , Dunster Kimble Robert , Pegg Deborah , Harkins Maria , Nelson Alphonso , Pham Trang , Schibler Andreas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) is used to monitor oxygen saturation levels to avoid hypoxaemia in children. Sensor manufacturers claim high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Few studies have evaluated accuracy and precision of SpO 2 in children. Methods This prospective, observational study was conducted in a 36-bed mixed medical/surgical paediatric intensive care unit. All children <16 years old with an arterial line were eligible. Paired SpO 2 readings obtained with a Masimo and a Nellcor sensor were prospectively matched and validated to the arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ). Bias between SpO 2 and SaO 2 (SpO 2 -SaO 2 ), accuracy root mean square (A rms ), sensitivity, specificity and kappa agreement were calculated for sensors. Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between clinical variables and bias in paired sensor readings. Findings There were 929 participants with 16,839 readings (9,382 simultaneous Masimo and Nellcor). Nineteen percent of paired values had SaO 2 <88%. Bias increased with decreasing SaO 2 . Both sensors failed to achieve FDA’s A rms requirement in all ranges. Of the 15.5% patients with ‘true hypoxaemia’ (SaO 2 <88%), 28.6% (n=1165) were not correctly identified by pulse oximetry. Variables associated with higher odds of bias included sepsis, respiratory distress and post-cardiac arrest; increasing lactate; vasoconstrictor use; lower SaO 2 and low admission weight. Interpretation Both tested sensors, with current algorithms, are not precise enough for a PICU setting. Sensor readings in patients with respiratory disease, sepsis and cardiac arrest should be used with caution.
The prevalence and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal pain among pilgrims during the Hajj: cross-sectional results from 59 nationalities
Authors: Alshehri Mansour , Alzaidi Jamal , Alasmri Sultan , Alfaqeh Ali , Arif Mohammad , Alotaiby Sultan Falh , Alzahrani Hosam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a major burden on individuals, social and healthcare systems. Annually, 2–3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Hajj involves a high level of physical demand because pilgrims generally move by foot for long distances among a series of religious sites, an effort that may exceed the typical physical activity level for most individuals. To understand the impact of musculoskeletal pain on the completion of the Hajj, it is first necessary to evaluate the extent of the problem. This study aimed to estimate the point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated risk factors among pilgrims. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of the Hajj. Data were collected after completion of the 2 nd day of the Hajj (21–31 August 2018), mainly by volunteers using an online application or paper form and approaching individuals at different sites around Mecca. The main inclusion criteria were as follows: adult pilgrims aged 18 or older. Participants were allowed to report more than one site of pain. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated. Results: A total of 1,715 responses were included in the data analysis. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high (82.27%). Musculoskeletal pain was most commonly reported in the ankle/foot (39.07%), leg (30.38%), lower back (28.40%), knee (23.03%) and shoulder (16.09%). The odds ratios revealed that musculoskeletal pain was more common in females; older individuals; individuals who smoked, had diabetes or hypertension; those who believed that the Hajj was physically exhausting and those who had experienced a fall during the Hajj. However, there were variations in the degrees of importance of these factors across different anatomical sites of the pain. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain is common among pilgrims, and it is more prevalent among pilgrims than among the general population. Unlike most populations examined in other studies, ankle/foot and leg pain were the most common in pilgrims. These data provide guidance for potential preventative programs and the allocation of resources to optimise pilgrims’ experiences and ability to complete the Hajj. Trial registration: The study was registered at https://www.researchregistry.com in August 2018 (No. 4352).
The Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid Combined with Rivaroxaban in Prevention of Clinical Events in Patients after Total Knee/ Hip Arthroplasty: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bo Zhandong , Jiang Mingyang , Deng Huachu , Liu Siyi , Xie Xiaoyong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid combined with rivaroxaban in prevention of clinical events in patients after TKA/THA through meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Materials and Methods RCTs were retrieved from medical literature databases. RR, SMD and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the primary and safety endpoints. Results In total, 16 articles (23 trial comparisons) were retrieved which contained 2179 patients. In general, 1257 patients (57.7%) were randomized to experimental group whereas 922 patients (42.3%) were randomized to control group. The result showed that TXA combined with rivaroxaban significantly reduce TBL, BTV, BTR and the incidence of MB compared to the control group; there were no significant differences in NMB between experimental group and control group. Conclusions This meta-analysis reveals that TXA combined with rivaroxaban can significantly reduce TBL, BTV, the incidence of blood transfusion and the incidence of MB compared to the control group, which proved that its efficacy and safety are trustworthy.
Cytokine profile in the sputum of subjects with post-tuberculosis airflow obstruction and in those with tobacco related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Elise Guiedem , Guiedem Elise , Pefura-Yone Eric Walter , Ikomey George Mondinde , Nkenfou Céline , Mesembe Martha , Mbanyamsig Yivala Mispa , Bih Chende Hycenta , Greame Jacobs Brendon , Chegou Novel Njweipi , Okomo Marie Claire Assoumou 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that tuberculosis (TB) is a risk factor for chronic airflow limitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as the result of chronic inflammation, usually related to noxious particles. Post-TB airflow obstruction (post-TB/AFO) and tobacco-related COPD (COPD/tobacco) have the same functional pathway characterized by persistent airflow limitation. We sought to compare the profile of 29 cytokines in the sputum of subjects with post-TB/AFO and those with COPD/tobacco. Results: The forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 ) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) ratio were lower in the COPD/tobacco subgroup compared to the COPD/post-TB subgroup. The stages of the disease were more advanced in COPD / tobacco patients. Among the cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, MIP-1β, sCD40L and VEGF levels were higher in COPD patients, compared to the controls with p values ​​of 0.003, 0.0001, 0.03, 0.0001 and 0.02 respectively. When the two COPD subgroups were compared, IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8 levels were higher in the COPD/tobacco subgroup compared to the COPD/post-TB subgroup with p-values ​​of 0.031, 0.05, 0.021 and 0.016 respectively. Conclusion: COPD/tobacco is more severe than post-TB/AFO. The pathogenesis of post-TB/AFO appears to involve the cytokines IL-1RA, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, GRO and sCD40L, while COPD/tobacco involves more cytokines.
What Does ASEAN Economic Community Bring to Older Workers? Examining Inequality in Old Age in Thailand’s Fast-Ageing Society
Authors: Xu Wenqian , Islam Sikander 
Published: January 2020

The ASEAN Economic Community is envisaged to promote economic integration initiatives to create a single market across Southeast Asian member countries. It is acknowledged that the intergovernmental initiatives need to be accommodative to national and regional contexts. Thailand, as a pivotal and active partnership, endeavours to facilitate economic transformation and regional integration within the ASEAN and cope with population ageing in Thai society. Since Thailand has been the third most rapidly ageing country in the world, demographic changes pose new challenges for how to achieve persistent economic growth, productive employment and decent work. This article is based on a qualitative approach to investigate the emergent inequality within and across age cohorts shaped by the AEC structural forces, as well as utilizes reliable secondary data to formulate argumentation, including academic publications, policy analysis, scientific reports. We are particularly concerned about the heterogeneity and poverty in old age from the perspective of cumulative advantages/disadvantages. In conclusion, this article suggests policy recommendations of mitigating inequality in old age and advocates a critical lens to examine how political economic structure shapes older individuals in the labour market.
THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH MIFEPRISTONE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH UTERINE MYOMA
Authors: Levakov S. A. , Sheshukova N. A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study: evaluation of the quality of life of patients with symptomatic uterine myoma up to 12 weeks of gestation against a background of mifepristone 50 mg daily continuously for 3 months.Material and methods. The prospective study involved 141 patients with uterine myoma who received treatment with mifepristone (Gynestril®) 50 mg continuously for 3 months. In order to evaluate changes in the volume of uterine bleeding, each patient kept a diary where she registered the number of sanitary napkins used. Sonographic examination was used to evaluate the size of the uterus and fibroids. The Visual Analogue Scale (10-point VAS scale) was used to assess the pain intensity. Quality of life of patients and their satisfaction with the therapy was also evaluated by a 10-point VAS scale. The complaints, physical examination data and results of sonographic studies were recorded before and immediately after the end of treatment (1st and 2nd visits).Study results. Drug therapy with Gynestril® (mifepristone 50 mg) for patients with uterine myoma for 3 months helped to obtain a statistically significant (p < 0.001) improvement across all the evaluated parameters: in a large majority of patients, control of menstrual blood loss was achieved (decreased duration and volume of bleeding), while 85 patients (60.3%) achieved reversible drug-induced amenorrhea, and 43 patients (30.5%) - oligomenorrhea; a large majority of patients achieved reduction of pain severity according to VAS, while in 118 (83.7%) patients the parameter was estimated as “slight pain/no pain” after the end of treatment. According to the ultrasound results, a statistically significant decrease was achieved in the number of displayable fibroids (from 2.1 to 1.9 at an average), the volume of the dominant myoma node (on average by 65% from 37.34 to 13.27 cm3) and of the uterus (an average of 35% from 182.71 to 118.09 cm3). In addition, a vast majority of patients - 99.9% - evaluated the quality of life and satisfaction with treatment as high.Conclusions. Therefore, the results of the study demonstrate that Gynestril® is highly effective, safe and promising in the pharmaceutical treatment of uterine fibroids.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN (LECTURE)
Authors: Chernov V. M. , Tarasova I. S. 
Published: January 2020

Anemia can be detected in women before pregnancy, during pregnancy, after childbirth, during lactation period, requiring the attention of doctors and clinical and laboratory monitoring. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common anemia in pregnant women. Accurate diagnosis is needed, since there are other possible anemias (posthemorrhagic, folate deficiency, anemia of chronic diseases). Modern options of IDA treatment are include the use of oral iron preparations (in 90% of pregnant women), intravenous iron preparations (in 10% of pregnant women), erythropoiesis stimulating agents – ESA (in 2% of pregnant women), and red blood cell transfusions in severe cases (in 3% of pregnant women). The history of creation of intravenous iron complexes in the laboratory of C.F. Hausmann, as well as properties of various intravenous iron complex formulations in the historical aspect of their manufacturing process (ferric gluconate, iron dextran, iron sucrose, ferric carboxymaltose) and the negotiation of adverse events are described. Indications for the use of intravenous iron preparations are the following: severe IDA, ineffectiveness or intolerance of oral iron, the presence of gastric or duodenal ulcer or gastrointestinal surgery in the past, contraindications for red blood cell transfusions, use of ESA. The advantages of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose are the possibility to use the high dose of iron preparation (1000 mg, 1 time per week), no need for test dose, the possibility of intravenous administration in 15 minutes. High efficiency, good tolerability of ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of IDA are shown. Pharmacoeconomic analysis showed the feasibility of administration of ferric carboxymaltose in comparison with the drug of previous generation (iron sucrose). The use of intravenous iron preparations in the treatment of IDA in pregnant women will allow to minimize red blood cell transfusions and to move to the stage of drug replacement therapy.
PREGNANCY PLANNING. VITAMIN D DEFICIT – INFERTILITY, CORRECTION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIT
Authors: Yazykova O. I. , Khilkevich E. G. 
Published: January 2020

Study objective. To study the efficacy of the drugs vitamin D at the stage of planning of pregnancy in women with infertility of various etiologies, according to domestic and foreign literature.Materials and methods. We conducted a search of the literature sources by the keywords “vitamin D”, “infertility”, “pregravid preparation” in domestic and foreign databases: elibrary, Medline/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL. 23 sources were selected.Study results. Vitamin D plays an important role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the reproductive health of women. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women with infertility of various etiologies reaches 69%. It is vital to achieve an adequate level of vitamin D in a woman’s body and to prevent its deficiency.Conclusion. For all women with infertility at the stage of preparation it is recommended to conduct assessment of adequacy of vitamin D by determination of 25(OH)D in serum and correction of its deficit to achieve levels of 25(OH)D more than 30 ng/ml.
СРАВНЕНИЕ ТОКОЛИЗА ГЕКСОПРЕНАЛИНОМ И АТОЗИБАНОМ
Authors: Баев О. Р. , Васильченко О. Н. , Карапетян А. О. , Тетруашвили Н. К. , Ходжаева З. С. 
Published: January 2020

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tocolytic agents - atosiban and hexoprenaline.Patients and methods: The study included 119 pregnant women with threatening preterm labour between 28 to 34 weeks of gestation. Sixty two pregnant received 62 tocolysis by hexoprenaline and fifty seven - atosiban. There were no differences in the clinical condition of pregnant women and features of preterm labour among groups before start of the tocolysis.The degree of effectiveness is determined by the duration of the pregnancy prolongation (48 hours, 7 days, more than 14 days).Results: 9 women of 62 that received hexoprenaline tocolysis (22,6%), and 2 – atosiban (3.5%) failed to prolong the pregnancy for more than 48 hours (p < 0,05). Additionally, 5 women of the hexoprenaline group had premature labour within the first week from the treatment start and eight within 7-14 days. In the group of women with an effective atosiban tocolysis all births took place in a range of more than 7 days from the beginning of tocolysis. Four woman in hexoprenaline group received one repeated course of therapy with this drug (without a loading dose) for 24 hours. In atosiban group full repeated course was conducted in the two cases. Full-term gestation births occurred in 14 women (22.6%) after hexoprenaline tocolysis and in 19 (33.3%) – atosiban (p > 0,05%). On average, atosiban tocolysis allowed to prolong pregnancy by 6.5 days longer than hexoprenaline (p < 0,05).Conclusion: The results of study has shown that atosiban is more effective than hexoprenaline in pregnancy prolongation for more than 48 hours in threatening preterm labor.
THE EFFECT OF LOW-DOSE DROSPIRENONE AND 17β-ESTRADIOL FOR CORRECTION OF THE MANIFESTATIONS OF CLIMACTERIC SYNDROME IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Gasparyan S. A. , Drosova L. D. , Khripunova A. A. 
Published: January 2020

Vasomotor symptoms are the most common symptoms of menopause, requiring treatment with estrogen and/or progestogen. Recent international guidelines recognize the need to use the lowest effective dose of hormone replacement therapy. Drospirenone (DR) in combination with 17β-estradiol (E2) is used as hormone therapy (HT) for relief the symptoms and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.The review presents data of 2 large randomized controlled studies that evaluated the lowest effective dose combination DRSP/ E2, the safety of this dose for endometrium, identified features of its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, depending on various factors. The minimum effective dose for the relief of hot flushes without causing any significant impact on the endometrium is DRSP of 0,25 mg/E2 of 0,5 mg. According to the results of the pharmacokinetic study a correlation between effectiveness of low dose DRSP/E2 with DRSP and E2 exposure levels was showed, and smoking reduces the effectiveness of hormonal therapy. This drug not only copes with moderate to severe hot flushes, but also reduces the incidence of symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy, improving quality of life.