bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of Quality of Option B+PMTCT Service Provision in Public Health Facilities in Mekelle Zone, Northern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Ajemu Kiros Fenta , Desta Alem 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Back ground: Substantial improvements have been observed in the coverage and access to maternal health services in Ethiopia. However, quality of care has been lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess quality of Option B + PMTCT service provision. Methods : Facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 public health facilities from February to April 2016. It employed both quantitative and qualitative method. Donabedian input-process-output quality assessment model was used to evaluate the service. Data collection techniques carried out were facility inventory, non-participatory observation, record and chart review to assess input, process and output service quality. Concurrently, patients and service providers were subjected to exit and in-depth interview autonomously to explore barriers for good and bad service quality. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Use of manual thematic approach was used for qualitative data analysis. R esults: The level of overall quality of Option B+ PMTCT service provision has rendered as good in two out of 12(16.7%) studied health facilities. The input quality was better than its counterpart; which was judged as good in 33.3% of health facilities. Only, one fourth of studied health facilities were rated as good for the process and output service quality respectively. Conclusion : The overall level of quality was achieved optimal in insignificant number of facilities. The desired level of quality will be realized if and only if the three quality components would be kept on eye side by side during service mentoring. Likewise, persistent effort in view of Donabedian theoretical framework will improve the overall service quality. Key words: Quality, Option B+PMTCT, HIV Positive Women, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Association of LTF, ENAM, and AMELX polymorphisms with dental caries susceptibility: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sharifi Roohollah , Jahedi Sajjad , Mozaffari Hamid Reza , Imani Mohammad Moslem , Sadeghi Masuod , Golshah Amin , Moradpoor Hedaiat , Safaei Mohsen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background This meta-analysis evaluated the association of LTF, ENAM, and AMELX polymorphisms with dental caries susceptibility.Methods We searched the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve articles published by October 2019. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results of publication bias tests were retrieved by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 software.Results A total of 150 relevant records were identified; out of which, 16 were entered into the analysis (4 studies assessed LTF, 11 ENAM, and 11 AMELX polymorphisms). Of all polymorphisms, there was a significant association only between ENAM rs3796704 polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility. Both ENAM rs3796704 and AMELX rs17878486 polymorphisms had a significant association with dental caries risk in the Caucasian ethnicity and the studies including caries-free control group.Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis showed that the G allele and the GG genotype of ENAM rs3796704 were associated with an increased risk of caries in the case group compared with the control group. But there was no association between LTF rs1126478, ENAM (rs1264848 and rs3796703), and AMELX (rs946252, rs17878486, and rs2106416) polymorphisms and dental caries susceptibility.
Challenges of patient recruitment within emergency departments for qualitative research: lessons learnt from the GPs in EDs study
Authors: Price Delyth , Edwards Michelle , Carson-Stevens Andrew , Cooper Alison , Davies Freya , Evans Bridie , Hibbert Peter , Hughes Thomas , Rainer Timothy , Siriwardena Niro , Edwards Adrian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: At times of increasing pressure on emergency departments, and the need for research into different models of service delivery, little is known about how to recruit patients for qualitative research in emergency departments. We aimed to collect evidence on patients’ experiences of different models using general practitioners in emergency departments. Challenges were faced at all stages of patient recruitment, from identifying and inviting eligible patients, consenting them for participation, and finally to engaging them in interviews. Methods: By analysing processes, amendments and outcomes of recruitment methods, as well as conducting a thematic analysis of field-notes taken during research visits, this paper aimed to describe the factors which influenced patient recruitment in the GPs in EDs study, and make recommendations based on our learning. Results: We found the following factors influenced the success of patient recruitment in the emergency department setting: complicated or time-consuming electronic health record systems for identifying patients; narrow participant eligibility criteria; limited NHS research nurse support; and lack of face-to-face communication between researchers and eligible patients. Conclusions: This paper adds to the growing evidence for improving patient recruitment in different settings, with a particular focus on qualitative research in emergency departments. Our findings have implications for future studies attempting to recruit patients in similar settings.
Neoneurogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma of tongue: a promoter to its progression and metastasis
Authors: Xu Zhenq , Shang Jianw , Xiang Xu , Long Li , Yan Yingb , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : To explore whether neoneurogenesis is a predisposing factor to the development and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (TSCC) . Methods: 20 patients diagnosed with TSCC were included and the objectives were divided into 4 groups according to WHO T-stage standard (5 cases in each group) and 2 groups based on lymph node metastasis or not. Formalin-fixed specimens were gained from patients. Detection of neoneurogenesis was stained by Neurofilament-Light chain antibody (NF-L) using immunohistochemistry method (IHC) in biopsy from human body. The number of new growth nerve fiber bundles was calculated in each randomized view from 3 non-overlapping microscope fields of each tumor section under a light microscope at X 200. Differences in density of nerve fibers bundles among the T-staging groups and lymph node metastasis groups were calculated using Chi-square test. An ɑ level of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The age of patients varied from 33 to 74 years with a mean age of 56.10±11.18 years. Males were affected predominantly with a ratio of 1.5:1 to females. IHC staining of NF-L is positive in all 20 paraffins of TSCC sections which suggests that newly growth nerves ( namely neoneurogenesis ) are observed in tumor mciroenvironment. The intensity of newly formed nerve fiber bundles increased with T stage, and the difference was statistically significant between early stage (T1、T2) and late stage (T3、T4) (p=0.000). Increased prevalence of newly growth nerve bundles correlated significantly to the cervical lymph node metastasis (p=0.000). Conclusions: Neoneurogenesis in tumor microenviroment of TSCC is a predisposing factor to its aggressive development and cervical lymph node metastasis. From a therapeutic perspective, further studies on the topic may provide new clinical opportunity through anti-neurogenesis.
Effects of rural-to-urban migration on the cognitive aging trajectories of older Chinese adults: results from a prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Xie Jinzhao , Liao Jing , Zhang Jing , Gu Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Increasingly, rural older Chinese adults are moving to urban to live with their children who have migrated to urban. However, few studies have examined this pattern of migration and its effects on cognitive function. Our aim was to investigate the effects of domestic rural-to-urban migration on the cognitive function trajectories of older Chinese adults, as well as the explanatory factors for these effects.Methods The data were drawn from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Migrants were defined as participants who had a rural Hukou status (the household registration system of China) but lived in an urban area throughout the study and follow-up period. Cognitive functions were measured using an adapted Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. We performed multilevel linear regression models to examine the association of internal migration and cognitive function trajectories.Results 3,876 Chinese adults aged ≥60 years at baseline were included. Migrants (n = 850) had higher levels of education and reported more interactions with family than their rural non-migrant counterparts. Additionally, female migrants were more likely to participate in leisure activities. All cognitive function scores declined over time, but no significant differences were observed in the rates of cognitive decline between migrants and non-migrants, regardless of sex. Female migrants exhibited significantly better performances in terms of total cognition ( β = 0.77, P < .001) and mental status ( β =0.68, P < .001) than female non-migrants, whereas no inter-group difference was observed in memory ( β = 0.09, P > .05). No significant differences in cognitive function levels were observed between male migrants and male non-migrants. A series of adjusted models revealed that psychosocial factors such as residence with children, caring grandchildren and participation in leisure activities partly explained the association between migration and cognition in women.Conclusion Rural-to-urban migration was positively associated with cognitive function only in women, but did not affect the rate of cognitive decline in either sex. The findings indicate that interventions are warranted to increase the cognitive functions of male migrants and rural, non-migrating older adults.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a Driven Factor of Human Papilloma Virus among Women: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Analysis in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: SOSSO Samuel Martin , Tchouaket Michel Carlos Tommo , Fokam Joseph , Simo Rachel Kamgaing , Torimiro Judith , Tiga Aline , Lobe Elise Elong , Ambada Georgia , Nange Achille , Semengue Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni , Nka Alex Durand , Tala Valère , Chenwi Collins , Abba Aissatou , Ka'e Aude Christelle , Yagai Bouba , Colizzi Vittorio , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancers, causing 270.000 deaths annually worldwide of which 85% occur in developing countries with an increasing risk associated to HIV infection. This study aimed at comparing HPV’s positivity and genotype distribution in women according to their HIV status and determinants. Methods: A comparative study was carried out in 2012 at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre (CIRCB) among 278 women enrolled consecutively at the General Hospital and the Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of the City of Yaoundé. HPV genotyping was performed by real-time PCR, HIV serological screening by serial algorithm, CD4 T cell phenotyping by flow cytometry and HIV viral load by Abbott m2000RT. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and Graph Pad version 6.0 software; with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Globally, mean age was 37 ±3 years; median CD4-count for HIV+ was 414 cells/mm 3 [IQR: 264.75-588] and median viremia was 50 RNA copies/mL [IQR: <40-8288]. Overall HPV rate was 38.49% (107/278); 58.88% for single women vs. others (28.97% married, 2.80% divorced, 9.34% for widows), OR: 2.164; p=0.0319. Following HIV status, HPV rate was 43.48% (80/184) among HIV+ vs. 28.72% (27/94) among HIV- (OR: 1.937; p<0.0142); HPV genotypes among HIV+ vs. HIV- were respectively distributed as follows: genotype 16 (3.75% vs. 0.00%, p=0.57), genotype 18 (3.75% vs. 3.70%, p=1.00), co-infection 16 and others (8.75% vs. 7.40%, p=1.00), co-infection 18 and others (8.75% vs. 11.11%, p=0.71), co-infection 16, 18 and others (2.50% vs. 0.00%, p=1.00) and other genotypes (72.50% vs. 77.78%, p=0.80). Among HIV+ participants, HPV rate following CD4 was 62.88% (61/97) for CD4<500 vs. 35.71% (20/56) for CD4≥500 (OR: 3.05; p=0.0012) while HPV rate following HIV viremia was 42.71% (41/96) with <1000 RNA copies/ml vs. 66.00% (33/50) with >1000 RNA copies/ml (OR= 0.384; p =0.009). Conclusion: In Yaoundé, HPV rate appear to be very high, with higher rates of genotypes other than 16 and 18. In the event of HIV infection, the risk of HPV positivity is two times higher, favoured essentially by immunodeficiency. Thus, HIV-infected women should be closely monitored to prevent the emergence of cervical cancer. Keywords: HPV, HIV, Women, Yaoundé
Perinatal outcomes in women with in vitro fertilization pregnancies hospitalized for late moderate-to-critical ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hu Linli , Xie Rui , Wang Mengying , Sun Yingpu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common disease during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment. However, the obstetrics and neonatal outcomes of these group of patients are barely known. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of late moderate-to-critical ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Methods This is a prospective observational study including 17,537 patients after IVF/ICSI-fresh embryo transfer (ET) from June 2012 to July 2016, after meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of whom 7064 eligible patients were diagnosed with clinical pregnancy. Finally, 6356 patients were allocated to the control group, and 385 patients who were hospitalized and treated at the center for late moderate-to-critical OHSS were allocated to the OHSS group. Results The live birth delivery and neonatal complication rates did not significantly differ between the OHSS and control groups, and the incidence rates of the obstetric complications venous thrombosis (VT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were significantly higher in the OHSS group. Conclusions Late moderate-to-critical OHSS could reduce gestational time, increase obstetric complications and neonatal complications. However, the incidence rates of live birth rate, premature delivery, miscarriage, early abortion, PIH, PP, ICP, average neonatal weight and LBW did not statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Background Frequency Patterns in Standard Electroencephalography During Targeted Temperature Management as an Early Prognostic Tool in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Youn-Jung , Kim Min-jee , Koo Yong Seo , Kim Won Young 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Electroencephalography is a widely used tool for detecting epileptiform and assessing neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest. We investigated the prognostic value of standard electroencephalography during early post-cardiac arrest period and evaluated the performance of electroencephalography findings combined with other clinical features for predicting good outcome. Methods This observational registry-based study was conducted at tertiary care hospital in Korea. Data of all consecutive adult comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors who underwent electroencephalography during targeted temperature management between 2010 and 2018 were extracted. Electroencephalography findings, classiﬁed according to the American Clinical Neurophysiological Society critical care electroencephalography terminology, and good neurologic outcome-related clinical features were identified via multivariable logistic analysis. Results Good outcomes were observed in 36.5% of 170 patients. Median electroencephalography time was 22.0 hours. Electroencephalography background, voltage and other findings (burst suppression, reactivity to pain stimuli) significantly differed between good and poor outcome groups. Electroencephalography background with dominant alpha and theta waves had the highest odds ratio of 9.8 (95% confidence interval 3.9-24.9) in multivariable logistic analysis. Electroencephalography background frequency enabled identification of a good neurologic outcome (sensitivity, 83.87%; specificity, 75.93%). Combination of other clinical features (age<65 years, initial shockable rhythm, resuscitation duration<20 min) with electroencephalography findings increased predictive performance for good neurologic outcomes (sensitivity, 95.2%; specificity, 100%). ConclusionsBackground frequency patterns of standard electroencephalography during targeted temperature management may play a role as an early prognostic tool in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.
Optimizing nitrogen balance is associated with better outcomes in neurocritically ill patients
Authors: Kim Tae Jung , Park Soo-Hyun , Jeong Hae-Bong , Ha Eun Jin , Cho Won Sang , Kang Hyun-Seung , Kim Jung Eun , Ko Sang-Bae 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background Marked protein catabolism is common in patients with critical illness. We hypothesized that optimal protein supplementation using nitrogen balance might be associated with better clinical outcomes in patients in the neurointensive care unit (NICU).Methods A retrospective observational analysis was performed among patients admitted to the NICU between July 2017 and December 2018. Nitrogen balance was measured within 72 hours after NICU admission and measurements were repeated after 10 days in those who stayed in the NICU for more than 7 days. Nitrogen balance was calculated using a standard formula: total protein intake (grams)/6.25 – (urine urea nitrogen + 4 grams). Included patients were categorized into two groups (positive or negative) based on the initial nitrogen balance results. The rate of neurological worsening, defined by a worsening of ≥2 in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and in-hospital mortality were compared between patients who achieved the improvement of nitrogen balance on a follow-up measurement and those who failed to.Results A total of 175 patients were included, and 140 (80.0%) had a negative nitrogen balance on the initial assessment. The negative nitrogen balance group had a lower GCS, longer NICU stay, more events of neurological worsening, and higher in-hospital mortality. Among the 77 patients (44.0%) who underwent a follow-up measurement of nitrogen balance (on a median day of 10), 39 (50.6%) showed an improvement in nitrogen balance and thus received a higher amount of protein (1.94 g/kg/day) than those who did not show this improvement (1.28 g/kg/day) ( P < 0.001). The improvement group had fewer events of neurological worsening (15.4% vs. 36.8%, P = 0.032) and lower in-hospital mortality (12.8% vs. 31.6%, P = 0.047). However, there were no significant differences in baseline nitrogen balance, GCS, and the development of acute kidney injury between the two groups.Conclusions This study demonstrated that a significant proportion of patients in NICU were under protein hypercatabolism. An adequate provision of protein was associated with improved outcomes, suggesting the importance of protein supplementation in neurocritically ill patients.
Ellagic acid protects from rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage via activation of Nrf2 signaling in astroglia
Authors: Wei Yi-zheng , Zhu Guo-fu , Zheng Chang-qing , Li Jing-jie , Sheng Shuo , Li Dai-di , Wang Guo-qing , Zhang Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disease. Oxidative stress is one of key contributors to the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the pathogenesis of PD. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is considered to be a ‘master regulator’ of many genes involved in anti-oxidant stress to attenuate cell death. Therefore, activation of Nrf2 signaling provides an effective avenue to treat PD. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenolic contained in fruits and nuts, possesses amounts of pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant stress and anti-inflammation. Recent studies have confirmed EA could be used as a neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been entirely elucidated. MethodsIn this study, mice subcutaneous injection of rotenone (ROT)-induced DA neuronal damage was performed to investigate EA-mediated neuroprotection. In addition, adult Nrf2 knockout mice and different cell cultures including MN9D-enciched, MN9D-BV-2 and MN9D-C6 cell co-cultures were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. ResultsThe present study demonstrated EA protected DA neurons against ROT-induced neurotoxicity. Furtherly, activation of astroglial Nrf2 signaling pathway participated in EA-mediated neuroprotection as evidenced by the following observations. First, EA activated Nrf2 signaling pathway in ROT-induced DA neuronal injury. Second, EA generated neuroprotection with the presence of astroglia and silence of Nrf2 in astroglia abolished EA-conferred DA neuroprotection. Third, EA failed to produce DA neuroprotection in Nrf2 knockout mice. ConclusionThis study identified EA protected against DA neuronal loss via an Nrf2-dependent manner in astroglia.
Exploring the bi-directional relationship of descriptive and injunctive parental and peer norms and snacking behavior in a three-year-cross-lagged study
Authors: Bevelander Kirsten , Burk William , Smit Crystal , Woudenberg Thabo van , Buijs Laura , Buijzen Moniek 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPeople’s eating behavior is assumed to be influenced by what other people do (perceived descriptive norms) and what others approve of (perceived injunctive norms). It has been suggested that adolescents are more susceptible to peer norms than parental norms, because they experience a strong need for group acceptance that leads to conforming to peer group norms. The current study examined changes in snacking behavior and four types of social norms (i.e., parental and peer descriptive and injunctive norms) that promoted fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents. This study was the first to examine whether snacking behavior also influenced norm perceptions by testing the directionality of these associations.MethodsThe study consisted of 819 participants (M [SD] age = 11.19 [1.36]; 46.1% boys), collected at three time points (T1 = 2016, T2 = 2017 and T3 = 2018) during the MyMovez project. Self-reported frequency of snack consumption, perceived parental and peer descriptive and injunctive norms were assessed. The primary analysis consisted of a series of cross-lagged autoregressive models specified in a structural equation modeling framework. ResultsModel comparisons testing the descriptive and injunctive norms in separate models and in an additional combined model revealed evidence for bi-directional associations between norms and snacking behavior. Descriptive peer and parent norms were not found to have an effect on subsequent snacking behaviors. Perceived injunctive parental norms were positively associated with healthy snack food intake and negatively associated with unhealthy snack intake (forward direction). Injunctive peer norms were negatively associated with healthy snack food intake. In addition, higher unhealthy snack food intake was negatively associated with the perception of descriptive and injunctive parental norms one year later (reversed direction). We did not find peer norms to be more closely associated with changes in snacking behaviors compared to parental norms. ConclusionsParents expecting their children to snack healthy had a positive influence on healthy snacking behavior whereas only acting as a healthy role model did not. Future research should address the possible interaction between descriptive and injunctive norms. Research should also take into account the bi-directional relations between eating behaviors and normative perceptions.