bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kangaroo mother care practice and its associated factors among postnatal mothers who gave birth in public general hospitals of Eastern and Central zone, Tigray, North Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhin Haftay , Hidru Hagos Degefa , Gidey Berihu , Mehari Medhin , Berwo Meresa , Tilahun Muzayene , Legese Haftom 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Kangaroo mother care (KMC) practice ‘is the early, prolonged and continuous skin-to skin contact between the mother and her low birth weight baby that practiced in the hospital and after early discharge until at least the 40 th weeks of postnatal period with exclusive breast feeding and proper follow-up’. Low birth weight is an underling factor in 60-80% of all neonatal deaths. Therefore, this study aimed to assess kangaroo mother care practice and its associated factors among post natal mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of Eastern and Central zone, Tigray, North Ethiopia.Methods:An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern and central zone of Tigray Region from March –August/2019. A total of 411 study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Binary and Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to see the association of independent variables to the outcome variable at a P<0.05 using SPSS version 20.0 software.Results:A total of 397 study participants were included in the study with a response rate of 96.6%. Of these, the mean age of the respondents was 27.4(±5.7). More than half (54.4%) of mothers were practiced KMC to their low birth weight baby. Mothers age [AOR (95%CI):0.21(0.05,0.95)], occupational status of mothers [AOR (95%CI): 0.11(0.04,0.34)], occupational status of fathers [AOR (95%CI): 4.1(1.54,11.07)], monthly income[AOR(95%CI): 0.27(0.09,0.76)], place of delivery [AOR(95%CI):0.29(0.11,0.76) and complications of newborn baby at birth [AOR(95%):3.1(1.21,8.09)] were the factors significantly associated with kangaroo mother care practice.Conclusion:There was low proportion of mothers practiced kangaroo mother care to their low birth weight baby. Hence, health care providers should demonstrate for family members and mothers on how to practice kangaroo mother care immediately after delivery in health institution and to be continued at home.
Exploring adaptations and successful implementation of Traditional Healers as adherence partners for people living with HIV in rural Mozambique: A qualitative assessment
Authors: Audet Carolyn M , Pettapiece-Phillips Mariah , Salato Jose 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImplementing evidence-based interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to controlling the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence-based community health worker interventions address barriers to medication retention by shifting the task from overburdened health facilities and emphasizing a more patient-centered approach in a comfortable location.MethodsWe employed traditional healers to implement an evidence-based community health worker program for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in rural Mozambique. Participants received support services for 2 months after their first positive test. Healers were trained to provide counseling, HIV education, support with disclosure, and advocacy at the health unit. We interviewed 23 PLHIV and conducted focus groups with 19 traditional healers to explore implementation fidelity and identify unplanned adaptations made during the program.ResultsHealers and PLHIV report counseling, HIV education sessions, and support with disclosure were largely delivered with fidelity. Due to the extreme poverty in the region, healers reported the need to add additional messages to support people who needed to take medication but had no food to mitigate the side effects. Patient advocacy at the health center proved difficult to implement. Negative attitudes towards PLHIV and traditional healers led to participants reporting extremely poor treatment by health care providers; the lack of respect made it difficult for healers to assist PLHIV with issues like long wait times, lost patient identification cards, or enduring medication side effects. Healers adopted directly observed therapy as an unplanned strategy to support non-adherent PLHIV.ConclusionGiven low levels of literacy and substantially different views on disease causation, healers delivered most core components of the intervention with fidelity. Healers attempted to implement the patient advocacy component but resistance from health care providers proved challenging. Future efforts will need to develop more effective strategies to overcome negative healer-clinician dynamic.Clinical Trials RegistryName of the registry: Traditional Healers as Adherence Partners for Persons Living with HIV in Rural Mozambique (PLHIV). Trial registration number: NCT03076359. Date of registration: 3/6/2017, retrospectively registered. URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03076359?cond=Hiv&cntry=MZ&draw=2&rank=7
Effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation versus sham manipulation for recurrent headaches in children aged 7-14 years. A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lynge Susanne , Dissing Kristina Boe , Vach Werner , Christensen Henrik Wulf , Hestbaek Lise 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation versus sham manipulation in children aged 7-14 with recurrent headaches.MethodsDesign: A two-arm randomised superiority single-blinded clinical trial.Setting: One chiropractic clinic and one paediatric specialty practice in Denmark Participants: 199 children aged 7 to 14 years, who experienced at least one episode of headache per week for the previous 6 months and with at least one musculoskeletal dysfunction identified. Interventions: All participants and parents received standard oral and written advice to reduce headaches. In addition, children in the active treatment group received chiropractic spinal manipulation and children in the control group received sham manipulation for a period of 4 months. The number and frequency of treatments were based on the chiropractor’s individual evaluation in the active treatment group, and the children in the control group received approximately eight visits during the treatment period.Primary outcome measures: ‘Number of days with headache’, ‘pain intensity’ and ‘medication’ were reported weekly by text messages, and global perceived effect by text message after 4 months. A planned fixed sequence strategy based on an initial outcome data analysis was used to prioritize outcomes. ‘Number of days with headache’ and ‘pain intensity’ were chosen as equally important outcomes of highest priority, followed by global perceived effect and medication. The significance level for the first two outcomes was fixed to 0.025 to take multiplicity into account.ResultsChiropractic spinal manipulation resulted in significantly fewer days with headaches (reduction of 0.81 vs. 0.41, p=0.019, NNT=7) and better global perceived effect (2.63 vs. 3.24, p<0.001, NNT=5) compared with a sham manipulation procedure. There was no difference between groups for pain intensity during headache episodes. Due to methodological shortcomings, no conclusions could be drawn about medication use.Conclusions Chiropractic spinal manipulation resulted in fewer headaches and higher global perceived effect, with only minor side effects. It did not lower the intensity of the headaches.Since the treatment is easily applicable, of low cost and minor side effects, chiropractic spinal manipulation might be considered as a valuable treatment option for children with recurrent headaches.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02684916, registered 02/18/2016 – retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02684916
Study on spatial-temporal distribution and environmental ties of Japanese B Encephalitis’s mosquito vector as well as landing rate in The Olympic forest park
Authors: Liu Mei-De , Zhang Yong , Tong Ying , Zhang Hong-Jiang , Li Qiu-Hong , Liu Ting , Zhou Xiao-Jie , Zeng Xiao-Peng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mosquito surveillance is crucial for understanding the epidemic potential, planning early-warning, and effective control strategies. As a key public place in Beijing, the Beijing Olympic Forest Park (BOFP) makes serious epidemiological means for the Beijing, and the survey on the Japanese B Encephalitis (JBE) vector of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and mosquito landing in BOFP is crucial for the people living as well as JBE surveillance and control. It was hypothesized that the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus could be trapped in a well-urbanization area of Beijing, and the distribution of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mosquito landing rate are determined by the environmental factors. Methods: Thus, this investigation was performed to understand the spatial-temporal distribution of Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus and landing rate in BOFP, and the relationship between environmental features and densities of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus as well as mosquito landing rate, considering the vector competent of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and important epidemiological means of BOFP in Beijing. From July to September, the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was trapped with CDC-lights together with CO2 and the landing rate on the same sites as light traps were also investigated. What’s more, the ties of environmental factors to the density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and landing rate was performed with SPSS, after the environmental factors datasets had been extracted with the 3S procedures. Results: As result showed, the highest density of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus could be detected in September in the wetland environment, and the density was related to the grass-water in 400meters buffer (GW_400) and lower-trees in 100meter buffer distance (LT_100). For the landing rate investigation, the highest landing rates was observed in the wetland environment during September. In addition, there were two environmental features could be identified to correlate to landing rates; that is, grass-water in 400meters buffer (GW_400) and high-trees in 100meter buffer distance (HT_100). It was concluded that the Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, the vector of JBE, could be detected in BOFP (well-urbanization area), and the environmental factor could affect not only the spatial distribution of JBE vector but also the mosquito landing rates in BOFP. Conclusions: The information achieved from this study could offer advice to people escaping from mosquito biting and provide useful information to prevent mosquito-borne diseases in Beijing, which means a lot to the public health of Beijing.
Disentangling environmental effects in microbial association networks
Authors: Deutschmann Ina Maria , Lima-Mendez Gipsi , Krabberød Anders K. , Raes Jeroen , Vallina Sergio M. , Faust Karoline , Logares Ramiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ecolocial interctions among microorganisms are fundamental for ecosystem function, yet they are mostly unknown or poorly understood. High-throughput-omics can indicate microbial interactions by associations across time and space, which can be represented as association networks. Links in these networks could result from either ecological interactions between microorganisms, or from environmental selection, where the association is environmentally-driven. Therefore, before downstream analysis and interpretation, we need to distinguish the nature of the association, particularly if it is due to environmental selection or not.Results: We present EnDED (Environmentally-Driven Edge Detection), an implementation of four approaches as well as their combination to predict which links between microorganisms in an association network are environmentally-driven. The four approaches are Sign Pattern, Overlap, Interaction Information, and Data Processing Inequality. We tested EnDED on networks from simulated data of 50 microorganisms. The networks contained on average 50 nodes and 1,087 edges, of which 60 were true interactions but 1,026 false associations (i.e. environmentally-driven or due to chance). Applying each method individually, we detected a moderate to high number of environmentally-driven edges—87% Sign Pattern and Overlap, 67% Interaction Information, and 44% Data Processing Inequality. Combining these methods in an intersection approach resulted in retaining more interactions, both true and false (32% of environmentally-driven associations). The addition of noise to the simulated datasets did not alter qualitatively these results. After validation with the simulated datasets, we applied EnDED on a marine microbial network inferred from 10 years of monthly observations of microbial-plankton abundance. The intersection combination predicted that 14.2% of the associations were environmentally-driven, while individual methods predicted 31.4% (Data Processing Inequality), 38.3% (Interaction Information), and up to 83.4% (Sign Pattern as well as Overlap).Conclusions: To reach accurate hypotheses about ecological interactions, it is important to determine, quantify, and remove environmentally-driven associations in marine microbial association networks. For that, EnDED offers up to four individual methods as well as their combination. However, especially for the intersection combination, we suggest to use EnDED with other strategies to reduce the number of false associations and consequently the number of potential interaction hypotheses.
Effect of zinc, magnesium, and copper substitutions on the initial permeability of nickel ferrite
Authors: SHAFIEE SAREH , Arab Ali , RIAHI-NOURI NASTARAN 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Zinc, magnesium, and copper substituted nickel spinel ferrite were synthesized in the form of Ni1 − x (Zn06Mg0.2Cu0.2) x Fe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7) via auto combustion method. The effect of the presence of these dopants on the average of crystallite, average particle size, the lattice constant, morphology, initial permeability, and magnetization of the synthesized ferrites was investigated. The structural properties, morphology, and magnetic properties were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), LCR meter and alternative gradient force magnetometer (AGFM). XRD study shows the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel structure. Also, the average crystallite size was found to increase from 6 nm to 11 nm with increasing the Zn2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ doping ratio from 0.0 to 0.7. Moreover, FE-SEM results were indicated the presence of nanosized spherical shape of prepared particles with agglomeration. The lattice constant and the particle size were found to increase with the increase in Zinc, magnesium, and copper. The values of initial permeability and magnetization were increased to a maximum value of 76 H/M and 71.37 emu/g for x = 0.7 sample. Furthermore, coercivity was found to decrease with increasing Zinc, magnesium, and copper concentration, which is useful for power applications. The variations of initial permeability and magnetization as a function of average particle size were discussed and were compared with previous works. The results were indicated the increase in initial permeability and magnetization with the enhancement of average particle size. The constancy in permeability throughout the frequency range studied from 10 kHz to1 MHz was indicated the compositional stability and quality of the samples. The results were indicated that the ferrites with high initial permeability can be an excellent choice as magnetic cores.
Risk factors for Hyperhomocysteinemia for Specific MTHFR C677T Genotypes and Gender in Chinese Population.
Authors: Xiang Hang , Xiang Tianyuan , Yan Muyang , Yu Sheng , Horwedel Matthew John , Zeng Qiang , Li Yang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background­-- Our previous studies have identified that both gender and genotype of MTHFR C677T were independent variables for plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Based on these results, we want to further explore their systemic information, in order to find specific risk factors for each genetic group, which might be used as predictors or targeting markers for lowering Hcy levels. Patients and Methods­--This cross section study was performed through November 2017 to July 2019. A total of 4534 adults aged 20-75y were selected for this study, and all of them underwent a physical examinations and MTHFR C677T genotyping. Results--The average of Hcy level was higher in TT genotype than CC and CT genotypes (P=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis found that except the common protective factors (folate and Vit B12) and risk factor (Cr), each group has it specific risk factors for HHcy---female-CT (age, SBP and Hb), female-TT (SBP and AST); male-CC (age, AST and Hb), male-CT (age and AST) and male-TT (SBP, AST and Hb).Conclusion--The plasma Hcy level was influenced by different risk factors for specific gender and genotype. These risk factors might be useful for prediction or prevention of HHcy in the future.
Real-Time Prediction of AKI Among Middle-Aged and Older in ICU: A Retrospective and Machine Learning Study
Authors: Wang Hui , Deng Fuxing , Zhang Buyao , Zhao Shuangping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute Kidney Injury (AKI), a major public health problem，is responsible for two-thirds of intensive care unit patients’ cost, and aging is an independent risk factor for AKI and its associated mortality and morbidity. The early recognition of AKI helps ICU caregivers to guide fluid treatment and titrate the dosing of the nephrotoxic drug. Therefore, it is desirable to build models to predict their position. The study is to build models based machine learning to predict AKI stage after 24 hours and 48 hours among middle-aged and older patients respectively in ICU. Methods and FindingsWe used two real-world databases to build and test models. The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III v1.4) database for training, funded by National Institutes of Health (NIIH) built by the Computational Physiology Laboratory of MIT, Beth Israel Dikon Medical Center, and Philips Medical. The eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD v 2.0) for the test is open-access, de-identified data sets of patients admitted to ICUs. 26316 patients in the overall cohort were generally older (median age ranging from 57 to 79) and 54% were male. Here we present three models, using the support vector machine (SVM), Long short-term memory (LSTM), and convolutional LSTM ConvLSTM respectively. the ConvLSTM model had the best performance in the test data set, and it has good ability and surpasses any previous model to predict whether older patients have AKI or not. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 24-hour prediction AKI is 99.79%, 48-hours AKI 99.43% during the hospital. we demonstrate that deep learning can handle lots of variables which may be predictors and that the algorithm achieved robust and excellent performance.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this study is the first to use large-scale data collected from electronic health record（EHR）to prove the contribution of big data and deep learning methods to the real-time prediction of AKI prognosis in middle-aged and elderly patients. The model performance is better than any previous models. This work provides novel evidence to change clinical practice and precise personalized interventions.
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2) Inhibits Steroidogenesis in Adrenocortical Cell by Macrophage-derived Exosomes in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Septic Shock
Authors: Ye Hui , Li Pinhao , Zhai Qian , Fang Ping , Yang Shiyue , Sun Yaqi , Wu Shuijing , Huang Ruoqiong , Chen Qixing , Fang Xiangming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Endogenously produced glucocorticoids exhibit immunomodulating properties and are of pivotal importance for sepsis outcome. Uncontrolled activation of the immune-adrenal crosstalk increases the risk of sepsis-related death. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is richly expressed on macrophages and has been demonstrated to improve outcome of sepsis by enhancing elimination of pathogens. However, the role and mode of action of macrophage TREM2 on adrenocortical steroidogenesis remains unclear in septic shock.Methods: The acute septic shock model was established by intraperitoneally challenging wild-type (WT) and TREM2 knock-out (Trem2-/-) mice with lipopolysaccharide (30 mg/kg). The mice were assessed for TREM2 expression and local inflammation in adrenal gland and synthesis of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in vivo. Bone marrow-derived macrophages or macrophage-derived exosomes were isolated from WT and Trem2-/- mice and co-cultured with adrenocortical cells. The expression of steroidogenic enzymes and corticosterone production were assessed.Results: Genetic deficiency of TREM2 caused significantly higher corticosterone levels (326.6 ± 73.0 ng/ml in Trem2-/- mice vs. 151.1 ± 58.9 ng/ml in WT mice; p < 0.001) at the early stage of LPS-induced septic shock. While TREM2 deficiency neither increased CRH and ACTH, nor exacerbated the inflammation in adrenocortical tissue during septic shock. Ex vivo study revealed that Trem2-/- macrophages significantly promoted the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and increased production of corticosterone (27.73 ± 1.78 ng/ml in Trem2-/- mice vs. 22.96 ± 1.94 ng/ml in W T mice; p < 0.01). Furthermore, Trem2-/- macrophage-derived exosomes were able to mimic Trem2-/- macrophages in enhancing adrenocortical steroidogenesis. Conclusions: At the early stage of lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock, macrophage TREM2 inhibited the steroid synthesis and corticosterone production in adrenocortical cells, which may be partially associated with macrophage-derived exosomes.
Prevalence and associated factors of substance use among regular students in Debre Tabor University, Amhara region, Ethiopia in 2019
Authors: bezie minale Bezie , Belay Habtamu Gebrehana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Substance abuse is inappropriate use of drugs or psychoactive substances in which the user consumes the substance with amount or methods which are harmful to them or others. Prevalence and associated factors of substance use among regular students in Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia 2019G.C Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted using structured pretest and self-administered questionnaires. Systematic random sampling technique was used to collect data within sample size of 308. Result. The overall prevalence of substance use from the respondents was (62.6%). Specifically chat (11.8%), Cigarette (9%), Shisha (2.5%), Alcohol use (65.2%), and the remaining 11.8% use more than two substances This result shows that, (AOR=17.141, 95% CI=2.5-115.2770) using substance by peer friends was higher than who had no peer friends .Male students were 0.6 times more likely use substance than Females students [AOR =0.663 95%CI(0.415-1.061]. Conclusion: In this study area, prevalence of substance use among regular students was relatively high than other studies Friendly use of substances, academically fourth year students and department of accounting students were significantly associated. Key words: Substance use, prevalence, associated factors, Khat, Alcohol and Tobacco