bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are olive pomace powders a safe source of bioactives and nutrients?
Authors: Ribeiro Tânia Bragança , Oliveira Ana , Coelho Marta , Veiga Mariana , Costa Eduardo M , Silva Sara , Nunes João , Vicente António A , Pintado Manuela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe olive oil industry generates significant amounts of semi‐solid wastes, namely olive pomace. Olive pomace is a by‐product rich in high‐value compounds (e.g. dietary fibre, unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols) widely explored to obtain new food ingredients. However, conventional extraction methods frequently use organic solvents, while novel eco‐friendly techniques have high operational costs. The development of powdered products without any extraction step has been proposed as a more feasible and sustainable approach.RESULTSThe present study fractionated and valorized the liquid and pulp fraction of olive pomace obtaining two stable and safe powdered ingredients, namely a liquid‐enriched powder (LOPP) and a pulp‐enriched powder (POPP). These powders were characterized chemically, and their bioactivity was assessed. LOPP exhibited a significant amount of mannitol (141 g kg−1), potassium (54 g kg−1) and hydroxytyrosol derivatives (5 mg g−1). POPP exhibited a high amount of dietary fibre (620 g kg−1) associated with a significant amount of bound phenolics (7.41 mg GAE g−1 fibre DW) with substantial antioxidant activity. POPP also contained an unsaturated fatty acid composition similar to that of olive oil (76% of total fatty acids) and showed potential as a reasonable source of protein (12%). Their functional properties (solubility, water‐holding and oil‐holding capacity), antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity were also assessed, and their biological safety was verified.CONCLUSIONSThe development of olive pomace powders for application in the food industry could be a suitable strategy to add value to olive pomace and obtain safe multifunctional ingredients with higher health‐promoting effects than dietary fibre and polyphenols. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Shock‐tube spectroscopic water measurements and detailed kinetics modeling of 1‐pentene and 3‐methyl‐1‐butene
Authors: Grégoire Claire M. , Westbrook Charles K. , Alturaifi Sulaiman A. , Mathieu Olivier , Petersen Eric L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo understand the effects of the chemical structure of two C5 alkene isomers on their combustion properties, and to highlight the major chemical reactions occurring during their high‐temperature oxidation, water time histories were measured behind reflected shock waves for the oxidation of 1‐pentene (C5H10‐1) and 3‐methyl‐1‐butene (3M1B) in 99.5% Ar. The experiments were carried out at three different equivalence ratios (φ = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) at pressures and temperatures ranging from 1.29 to 1.47 atm and 1 331 to 1 877 K, respectively. The H2O quantification extends the database for 1‐pentene and provides new insights for 3M1B. These unique results were used to validate and to develop a new detailed kinetics model. Numerical predictions are presented, and the new model was able to capture the results with suitable accuracy, with 3M1B being notably more reactive than C5H10‐1. Sensitivity and rate‐of‐production analyses were performed to help explain the results. Under the present conditions, the reactivity is rapidly initiated by molecular dissociation of a fraction of the pentene isomers. The initiation phase then induces H‐atom abstraction by active radicals (H, OH, O, HO2, and CH3) to first produce alkenyl C5H9 radicals (or an alkyl radical and an alkenyl radical by breaking a C─C bond) and subsequent, smaller fragments. The difference in terms of reactivity between the isomers is essentially due to the fact that 3M1B has one particularly weak tertiary allylic C─H bond, which allows for fast H‐atom abstraction compared with 1‐pentene.
Effects of mowing and fertilization on soil quality in a semiarid grassland of North China
Authors: Wang Dong , Huang Xudong , Qiao Ning , Geng Qingling , Liu Yinzhan , Song Hongquan , Yang Zhongling , Liu Chun , Wang Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil quality has been defined as the capacity to sustain biological productivity and maintain environmental quality. Mowing and fertilization may affect ecosystem function through numerous soil properties, especially in semiarid grasslands where plant growth is limited by nutrient availability. However, the effects of grassland management on the trade‐off between soil quality and plant community structure is still unclear. Understanding the effect of land use type on soil quality is essential to adopt proper grassland management practices for a specific region. Principal component analysis was used to calculate a soil quality index (SQI) with 18 variables under the following treatments: control, mowing, nitrogen addition, and mowing plus nitrogen addition in August 2017 in a typical steppe of North China. This study showed that nitrogen addition significantly increased SQI by 0.82, field water capacity by 3.77%, soil capillary porosity by 3.30%, and soil available nitrogen content by 13.85 mg kg−1, but reduced soil aggregate proportion by 3.07%, microbial biomass nitrogen content by 7.74 mg kg−1, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by 0.02 μmol g−1, the ratio of fungus to bacteria by 0.16, and the ratio of Gram‐positive bacteria to Gram‐negative bacteria by 0.13 across the mowing and unmowing treatments. Nitrogen addition could improve productivity by increasing the soil quality but reduce plant diversity of the grassland ecosystems. Mowing did not affect SQI and aboveground biomass. The results suggested that fertilization as grassland management improved soil quality and productivity, whereas mowing was a sustainable way to maintain plant diversity in this semiarid grassland.
Feasibility of terrestrial laser scanning for quantification of vegetation structure parameters of restored sandy land in the southern Qinghai–Tibeten Plateau
Authors: Tian Jiarong , Li Haidong , Li Yingkui , Liao Chengrui , Ma Weibo , Xu Yannan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of ecosystem restoration of degraded land is typically assessed using vegetation structure parameters (VSP). However, the field measurement of VSP, particularly in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), which is a problematic area for ecological restoration because of its harsh environment, is generally time‐consuming and labour intensive. Therefore, new methods for VSP measurement should be developed. In this study, VSP were quantified at the individual scale, including their number, height, and crown width. Furthermore, the quadrat scale, such as vegetation coverage (VC) and leaf area index (LAI) on a restored sandy plot (100 m × 100 m) in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, is quantified using terrestrial laser scanning. Thereafter, the TLS‐derived VSP are validated by field measurements. To extract the VSP of low‐height vegetation (shrubs) at the individual scale, three approaches are tested: the manual measurement of VSP from TLS data, individual vegetation segmentation (IVS) without specific root locations, and IVS with specific root locations. The results indicate that the VSP of shrubs can be manually derived from the TLS data and are consistent with field measurements. By specifying the root locations before performing the IVS, the identification rate of the number of shrubs can be improved significantly from 40.3% to 100%. The height extracted by the IVS corresponds better with the manual measurement (R2 > 0.99) than with the crown width (R2 < 0.65). At the quadrat scale, the optimal resolution is analyzed to extract the VC. The analysis suggests that the optimal resolution for extracting the VC based on the canopy height model is in the 1‐2 cm range. In extracting the LAI using the voxel‐based method, it is discovered that the appropriate voxel size is linearly dependent on the mean point spacing (y = 2.143x, R2= 0.826). This study provides useful guidance for monitoring the effectiveness of ecological conservation and restoration on the QTP.
Psychrophilic properties of sulfate‐reducing bacteria in Arctic marine sediments
Authors: Scholze Caroline , Jørgensen Bo Barker , Røy Hans 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms in the seabed of most of the global oceans live at temperatures close to zero degrees, and in the polar regions even below. Respiration rates of endogenous sulfate‐reducing microorganisms in the polar seabed, however, are highest in the range of 18–30°C and much reduced at colder temperature. In the past, this was seen as indicative of poor adaptation to their cold habitat. We challenge this interpretation, and tested which temperature range allowed sulfate reducers to grow, by adding moderate amounts of volatile fatty acids to high‐arctic sediment. Initially, sulfate reduction was highest at 27°C in both Svalbard and NE Greenland. But sulfate reduction was not sustainable at this temperature and decreased rapidly over time. Below 26°C, however, sulfate reduction rates increased exponentially over time, indicating growth of sulfate‐reducing microorganisms. We used the increase in the sulfate reduction rates over 4 d to calculate potential growth rates of the endogenous sulfate reducers as function of temperature. From growth rates and respiration rates, we could further calculate the growth yield, also as function of temperature. Highest growth rates were observed at 18°C and growth yields peaked at even lower temperatures between 0°C and 10°C. The maximum growth yield at low temperature revealed a strong psychrophilic adaptation of the sulfate reducers in these Arctic sediments. The fact that growth yield was maximized at in situ temperature but maximum potential growth rate was not, is an indication that yield is the more important parameter for microbial competition in marine sediments.
Electrochemical behavior of carbon steel with bentonite/sand in saline environment
Authors: Kitayama Ayami , Taniguchi Naoki , Mitsui Seiichiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurrent designs for the geological disposal of high‐level radioactive waste in Japan use carbon steel overpack containers surrounded by a mixed bentonite/sand buffer material, which will be located in a purpose‐built repository deep underground. Though there are many suitable sites for a repository in Japan, the coastal areas are preferable from a logistical point of view. It is, therefore, important to evaluate the long‐term performance of the carbon steel overpack and the mixed bentonite/sand buffer material in the saline groundwaters of coastal areas. In the current study, the passivation behavior and initial corrosion rates of carbon steel with and without mixed bentonite/sand were tested as a function of the pH and salt concentration in representative saline groundwaters. The main findings indicate that the passivation of carbon steel encapsulated in a buffer material will be unlikely in a saline environment, even at high pH (12), and that the corrosion rate of carbon steel is more strongly affected by the presence of the buffer material than by the salt concentration.
Status report of the Finnish spent fuel geologic repository programme and ongoing corrosion studies
Authors: Salonen Timo , Lamminmäki Tiina , King Fraser , Pastina Barbara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPosiva Oy is preparing to submit an operating licence application for a spent nuclear fuel geologic repository located at Olkiluoto, Finland. The construction licence for the underground disposal facility and encapsulation plant was granted in 2015 and construction of the disposal facility began in December 2016. Safe disposal is achieved by the KBS‐3 concept, developed in collaboration with Posiva's Swedish counterpart, the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co, (SKB). The KBS‐3 concept consists of disposal canisters (a cast iron insert and a copper overpack), surrounded by swelling bentonite and disposed in crystalline bedrock. The copper overpack ensures containment of radioactive materials and its performance against corrosion is a key driver for the design of the engineered barrier system and the repository overall. This paper describes the current status of the Posiva programme, recent learnings from the construction of the repository, and the implications for the long‐term performance of the canister.
Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of P285NH and API 5L X65 steel grades in the high‐level radioactive waste repository cell concept
Authors: Bulidon Nicolas , Deydier Valérie , Bumbieler Frederic , Duret‐Thual Claude , Mendibide Christophe , Crusset Didier 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince 2014, the concept developed for the disposal of high‐level radioactive waste in the French deep geological repository project Cigéo includes a cement‐based grout material. This cement‐based grout material will be injected between the casing and the claystone to neutralize the potential acidity resulting from the claystone oxidation induced by the drilling process of the disposal cell. In these conditions of pH (around 10.5) and temperature (90°C, maximum expected during the disposal), the metallic materials could be sensitive to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In this project, different environments (aerated or deaerated, at room temperature or at 90°C) and synthetic solutions are considered to reproduce the different periods expected during the long life repository. The project is based on electrochemical measurements (polarization curves to define the SCC critical domain of potentials), slow strain rate tensile tests, and long‐term immersion for crack initiation and propagation tests.
Comparing intergranular corrosion in Al‐Mg‐Si‐Cu alloys with and without α‐Al(Fe,Mn,Cu)Si particles
Authors: Lervik Adrian , Danbolt Turid , Furu Trond , Holmestad Randi , Lunder Otto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a model alloy without Fe and Mn additions, is compared with a commercial AA6005 alloy to further understand how the α‐Al(Fe,Mn,Cu)Si particles affect intergranular corrosion (IGC) behaviour. Both alloys were subjected to an accelerated IGC test for durations ranging from 1 to 120 h. Microstructures were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction. The presence of α‐Al(Fe,Mn,Cu)Si particles yields significantly more uniform IGC attacks and higher corrosion rates. However, the maximum depth of IGC attacks reaches similar values after ~24 h of exposure. This is attributed to the formation of Cu‐rich particles along the grain boundaries during the corrosion process, which further catalyses the cathodic reactions.
High‐Strength and High‐Toughness Melt‐Spun Polyethylene Fibers Derived from Composite Structure Formation
Authors: Kakiage Masaki , Takei Seito 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐strength and high‐toughness polyethylene (PE) fibers are prepared by the melt‐spinning and subsequent drawing in the semimolten state of high‐density PE (HDPE) combined with ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight PE (UHMW‐PE). As‐spun fibers are prepared by the melt‐spinning of HDPE/UHMW‐PE blended powder with 0–30 wt% UHMW‐PE. The as‐spun fiber is drawn at 100 (solid state) and 130 °C (semimolten state). Well‐arranged stacked lamellae with highly oriented crystals are formed based on the difference in relaxation time for the drawn fiber with 30 wt% UHMW‐PE prepared at 130 °C in the semimolten state. This composite structure results in a PE fiber with high tensile strength (1.11 GPa) and high toughness (297 MJ m−3).
Stability of the radially symmetric stationary wave of the Burgers equation with multi‐dimensional initial perturbations in exterior domain
Authors: Hashimoto Itsuko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present paper is concerned with stability of the stationary solution of the Burgers equation in exterior domains in . In the previous papers [5, 6, 7] the asymptotic behavior of radially symmetric solutions for the multi‐dimensional Burgers equation in exterior domains in , has been considered. The results [5, 6, 7] are restricted to stability of radially solutions within the class of spherically one dimensional flow. However, from a viewpoint of fluid dynamics, it is the rare case that such a radially symmetric stationary wave remains to be a radial flow under the initial disturbance. Hence it seems to be natural to handle the non‐radially symmetric perturbed fluid motion even from the radially symmetric one. On the other hand, Kozono and Ogawa [8] showed the asymptotic stability of stationary solutions for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation on multi‐dimensional spaces. In this paper we apply their method [8] to the multidimensional Burgers equation, and show the asymptotic stability for stationary wave on .
Molecular epidemiology of Candida tropicalis isolated from urogenital tract infections
Authors: Wang Qianyu , Li Congrong , Tang Dongling , Tang Kewen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCandida tropicalis is a common human pathogenic yeast, and its molecular typing is important for studying the population structure and epidemiology of this opportunistic yeast, such as epidemic genotype, population dynamics, nosocomial infection, and drug resistance surveillance. In this study, the antifungal susceptibility test and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis were carried out on C. tropicalis from central China. Among 64 urogenital isolates, 45 diploid sequence types (DST) were found, of which 20 DSTs (44.4%) were new to the central database. The goeBURST analysis showed that CC1 (clonal complex) was the only azole‐resistant (100%, 10/10) cluster in Wuhan, which was composed of DST546, DST225, DST376, and DST506, and most of the strains (90%, 9/10) were isolated from the urinary tract. Potential nosocomial infections were mainly caused by CC1 strains. The azole resistance rate of urinary isolates (50.0%, 21/42) was higher than that of vaginal isolates (27.3%, 6/22). The genotype diversity and novelty of vaginal isolates were higher than those of urinary isolates. C. tropicalis population in Wuhan was genetically diverse and divergent from that seen in other countries. In this study, there were significant differences in genotype and azole susceptibility between urine and vaginal strains. The azole‐resistant cluster (CC1) found in urine is of great significance for the clinical treatment and prevention of nosocomial infection. The newly discovered DSTs will contribute to further study the similarity, genetic relationship, and molecular epidemiology of C. tropicalis worldwide.
Protective role of histone deacetylase 4 from ultraviolet radiation‐induced DNA lesions
Authors: Li Shanshan , Zhou Mi , Ze Kan , Sun Xiaoying , Zhao Chunming , Li Zhouru , Lu Haiyang , Jiao Ying , Wang Tianyang , Li Su , Hua Liang , Cai Hongxing , Li Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUltraviolet B (UVB) exposure is a core factor that leads to skin disease or carcinogenesis through the insufficient repair of DNA lesions. UVB‐induced DNA lesions are mainly removed by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) mechanism. The expression of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is altered in the skin upon UVB exposure, indicating its possible implication in UVB‐induced DNA lesions repair. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC4 in the NER removal of the main classes of UVB‐induced DNA lesions consisting of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6‐4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6‐4PPs). We found that UVB irradiation increased HDAC4 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. HDAC4 interacted with NER factor XPC, which played an important role in effectively removing the UVB‐induced DNA lesions. This study provides an understanding of the HDAC4 function in DNA repair, which will allow the development of efficient strategies to protect the skin from UVR‐induced diseases.
A fuzzy multi‐objective polynomial time algorithm to solve the stochastic transportation formulation of a hospital bed rearrangement problem
Authors: Jerbi Badreddine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article considers the problem of bed rearrangement in a hospital. The problem is formulated as multi‐objective mathematical program. The objectives driving the reallocation of beds could be conflicting in nature. The number of needed beds in each department is found to be highly related to length of stay (LOS) of a patient. Some described it as a random variable following a power law distribution. Hence, determining the number of the reallocated beds in each department could be treated stochastically because it depends on the fluctuation of the LOS. The complexity of the problem is taking care of by formulating the problem as multi‐objective stochastic transportation problem and finding a compromise solution using a linear fuzzy function on the deterministic equivalent. The program is polynomial time solvable. The approach is illustrated through a bi‐objective bed rearrangement problem, treating the possibility of increasing the admissions and the bed occupation, with real data from a hospital.
Stabilization in a 3D eco‐epidemiological model: From the complete extinction of a predator population to their self‐healing
Authors: Starkov Konstantin E. , Krishchenko Alexander P. 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, using the localization method of compact invariant sets, we examine the ultimate dynamics of the 3D prey–predator model containing two subpopulations of susceptible and infected predators. Our attention is focused to finding ultimate sizes of interacting populations, and, in addition, we show the existence of a global attracting set. Then, we derive various global conditions of ultimate extinction of at least one of the predators subpopulations and describe conditions under which all types of internal bounded dynamics are ruled out. In particular, we describe convergence conditions to omega‐limit sets located (1) in the intersection of the prey‐free plane with the infected predators‐free plane and (2) in the infected predators‐free plane. Based on the dynamical analysis of the 2D infection‐free subsystem, we obtain conditions of global attraction to (i) the prey‐only disease‐free equilibrium point, (ii) the disease‐free prey‐predator equilibrium point (self‐healing of the predator population), and (iii) the omega‐limit set containing an equilibrium point or a periodic orbit. Main theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulation. Tools and techniques developed in this work can be appropriated in the studies within predictive population ecology of more complex eco‐epidemiological models.
Dietary Rapeseed Oil Supplementation Reduces Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Men—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kruse Michael , Kemper Margrit , Gancheva Sofiya , Osterhoff Martin , Dannenberger Dirk , Markgraf Daniel , Machann Jürgen , Hierholzer Johannes , Roden Michael , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. 
Published: September 2020

ScopeEffective treatment for obesity associated non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. Dietary supplementation of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically alpha linolenic acid (ALA), can resolve intrahepatic lipid content (IHL). This study investigates the effect of daily supplementation of either refined rapeseed (RA), containing high amounts of ALA, or refined olive (OL) oil on IHL and glucose metabolism in NAFLD patients.Methods and results27 obese men consumed an isocaloric diet including either 50 g of RA or OL daily for 8 weeks. Hepatic proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp studies and blood tests are performed before and at the end of the study. At 8 weeks a significant reduction in IHL is observed for RA (13.1 ± 1.6 before versus 11.1 ± 1.6% after intervention) versus OL (13.3 ± 2.5 before versus 15.7 ± 2.7% after intervention). For RA, a 21% reduction (P < 0.02) in serum free fatty acids (FFA) and a 1.68‐fold increase (P = 0.03) of serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is observed after 8 weeks.ConclusionRA has a beneficial effect on hepatic lipid metabolism as shown by reduced IHL and serum FFA. RA induced IL‐6 production seems to be liver protective confirming previous results.