bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational design of nanomedicine for photothermal‐chemodynamic bimodal cancer therapy
Authors: Yao Junlie , zheng Fang , Yao Chenyang , Xu Xiawei , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Chen Tianxiang , Yang Fang , Wu Aiguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiven the diversity, complexity, and heterogeneity of persistent tumors, traditional nanoscale monotherapeutic systems suffer from dissatisfactory curative efficiency with incidence of metastasis or relapse. In parallel, the trend of clinical research on the basis of nanomedicines has increasingly shifted from monotherapy toward combinatorial therapy for admirable synergetic performances. In this regard, cutting‐edge nanomedicines harnessing photothermal‐chemodynamic bimodal therapy (PTT/CDT) have opened up a highly‐efficient and relatively‐safe cancer theranostic paradigm. Still, the integration of PTT/CDT functional units into one nanomedicine remains a herculean but meaningful task to achieve notable super‐additive effects. This review aims to elucidate underlying synergistic interactions of PTT/CDT and highlight intriguing designs of nanomedicines for PTT/CDT including nanomaterial selection, performance optimization, multimodal therapy, visualization strategies, and targeting strategies. Furthermore, an outlook on further improvements of PTT/CDT is provided, emphasizing significant scientific issues that require remediation for clinical translation.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe
Authors: Jarty Julie , Batthyány Karina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
Migration and Social Mobility Between Argentina and Spain: Climbing the Social Hierarchy in the Transnational Space
Authors: Oso Laura , Dalle Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter analyses the relationship between migration and social mobility in Argentina and Spain from a transnational perspective focusing on two dimensions: the patterns of intergenerational social mobility of immigrants and natives in both countries; the social mobility strategies and trajectories of Galicians families in Buenos Aires and Argentinians, of Galician origin, who migrated to Galicia after the 2001 crisis. The chapter begins by contextualizing the migratory trends in Europe and Latin America. This is followed by a comparative study of how immigration impacts on the class structure and social mobility patterns in Argentina and Spain. Quantitative analysis techniques are used to study the intergenerational social mobility rates. The statistical analysis of stratification and social mobility surveys have been benchmarked against previous studies conducted in Argentina (Germani, G.,Movilidad social en la sociedad industrial. EUDEBA, Buenos Aires, 1963; Dalle, P.,Movilidad social desde las clases populares. Un estudio sociológico en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (1960–2013). CLACSO/Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani-UBA/CICCUS, Buenos Aires, 2016) and Spain (Fachelli, S., & López-Roldán, P.,Revista Española de Sociología 26:1–20, 2017). Secondly, qualitative research methods are used to consider the social mobility strategies and class trajectories of migrant families. We analyse two fieldworks, developed in the framework of other research projects (based on 44 biographical and semi-structured interviews). These case studies were carried out with Galicians that migrated to Argentina between 1940 and 1960 and Argentinians, of Galician origin, who migrated to Galicia after the 2001 crisis.
Dialogischer Pluralismus als Polit-Talk – Ein Seminarkonzept zur Vermittlung von Diskurskultur und angewandter Pluraler Ökonomik
Authors: Egerer Elsa 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDialogische Kommunikation ist von zentraler Bedeutung für die Plurale Ökonomik. Der Beitrag verfolgt das Anliegen, eine ‚gute Diskurskultur‘ als Grundlage Pluraler Ökonomik zu stärken. Vor dem Hintergrund der sozialökologischen Krisen unserer Zeit wird zudem das Ziel einer anwendungsbezogenen, gestaltenden Pluralen Ökonomik erörtert. Das beschriebene innovative Vorgehen stellt einen Versuch dar, beide Aspekte in die Lehre zu integrieren. Zudem wird diskutiert, welche Herausforderungen sich didaktisch ergeben.
Literaturempfehlungen zur Selbsterprobung: Einblicke in Theorie und Praxis der (sozioökonomischen) Hochschullehre in Deutschland
Authors: Mayer Julia K. , Pranger Jan 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Sammelband wurden die Erfahrungen von Lehrenden mit pluralen Lehrinhalten und -formen dargelegt und erörtert. Um die Umsetzung eigener Lehrinnovationen neben der Inspiration durch die hier zusammengeführten Beispiele anzuregen, seien mit diesem Beitrag diverse Lektüreempfehlungen ausgesprochen. Gerade in einem Kontext von stetig wachsenden didaktischen, methodischen und institutionellen Anforderungen und der ungebrochenen Vernachlässigung hochschuldidaktischer Qualifizierungen von Lehrpersonal scheint uns eine solche Hilfestellung angebracht. Im Folgenden werden deshalb Beiträge vorgestellt, die sich bereits mit diesen Herausforderungen, möglichen Bewältigungsstrategien sowie Konzepten zur pluralen, sozioökonomischen (Hochschul-)Bildung auseinandergesetzt haben. Die Liste erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit.
Untersuchungsdimensionen und methodisches Vorgehen
Authors: Krannich Sascha , Hunger Uwe 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungUm das entwicklungsbezogene Engagement der KAAD-Studierenden bzw. Alumni vor diesem Hintergrund möglichst differenziert und umfassend zu untersuchen, wurde ein mehrdimensionales und multiperspektivisches Forschungsdesign entwickelt, das es ermöglichen sollte, die verschiedenen Faktoren und Dimensionen, die in diesem Prozess eine Rolle spielen, in den Blick zu nehmen und auch systematisch miteinander zu vergleichen. So macht es für das entwicklungsbezogene Engagement der Stipendiat*innen möglicherweise einen Unterschied, ob sie tatsächlich ins Herkunftsland zurückgekehrt sind oder nicht bzw. wie sie darüber denken. Um ihre Aktivitäten systematisch voneinander unterscheiden zu können, wurden in einem ersten Schritt grundsätzlich zwei Untersuchungsgruppen voneinander unterschieden: KAAD-Alumni, die in ihr Herkunftsland zurückgekehrt sind, und KAAD-Alumni, die nicht in ihr Herkunftsland zurückgegangen sind.
Ergebnisse: Während des Studiums
Authors: Krannich Sascha , Hunger Uwe 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungWie gerade geschildert, müssen, bevor ein Studium in Deutschland aufgenommen werden darf, Grundkenntnisse in der deutschen Sprache nachgewiesen werden. Generell werden Deutschkenntnisse auf dem Sprachniveau von B2 verlangt. Deswegen bietet der KAAD seinen Stipendiat*innen einen Deutschkurs in Bonn an, den die Stipendiat*innen vor ihrem Studium absolvieren können.
Strings in irrelevant deformations of AdS3/CFT2
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu , Giveon Amit , Kutasov David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We generalize our recent analysis [1] of probe string dynamics to the case of general single-trace $$ T\overline{T},J\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

,
J

T
¯

and $$ T\overline{J} $$
T

J
¯

deformations. We show that in regions in coupling space where the bulk geometry is smooth, the classical trajectories of such strings are smooth and approach the linear dilaton boundary at either the far past or the far future. These trajectories give rise to quantum scattering states with arbitrarily high energies. When the bulk geometry has closed timelike curves (CTC’s), the trajectories are singular for energies above a critical value Ec. This singularity occurs in the region with CTC’s, and the value of Ec agrees with that read off from the dual boundary theory for all values of the couplings and charges.
Nonequilibrium dynamical transition process between excited states of holographic superconductors
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Jin , Wang Yong-Qiang , Zhang Hongbao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the dynamics of the holographic s-wave superconductors described by the Einstein-Maxwell-complex scalar field theory with a negative cosmological constant. If the eigenfunction of the linearized equation of motion of the scalar field in the planar RNAdS black hole background is chosen as the initial data, the bulk system will evolve to the intermediate state that corresponds to the excited state superconductor on the boundary. The process can be regarded as the non-equilibrium condensation process of the excited state of holographic superconductor. When the linear superposition of the eigenfunctions is chosen as the initial data, the system will go through a series of the intermediate states corresponding to different overtone numbers, which can be regarded as the dynamical transition process between the excited states of holographic superconductor. Because the intermediate states are metastable, the bulk system eventually evolves to the stationary state that corresponds the ground state of the holographic superconductor. We also provide a global and physical picture of the evolution dynamics of the black hole and the corresponding superconducting phase transition from the funneled landscape view, quantifying the weights of the states and characterizing the transitions and cascades towards the ground state.
The UV fate of anomalous U(1)s and the Swampland
Authors: Craig Nathaniel , Garcia Isabel Garcia , Kribs Graham D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Massive U(1) gauge theories featuring parametrically light vectors are suspected to belong in the Swampland of consistent EFTs that cannot be embedded into a theory of quantum gravity. We study four-dimensional, chiral U(1) gauge theories that appear anomalous over a range of energies up to the scale of anomaly-cancelling massive chiral fermions. We show that such theories must be UV-completed at a finite cutoff below which a radial mode must appear, and cannot be decoupled — a Stückelberg limit does not exist. When the infrared fermion spectrum contains a mixed U(1)-gravitational anomaly, this class of theories provides a toy model of a boundary into the Swampland, for sufficiently small values of the vector mass. In this context, we show that the limit of a parametrically light vector comes at the cost of a quantum gravity scale that lies parametrically below MP1, and our result provides field theoretic evidence for the existence of a Swampland of EFTs that is disconnected from the subset of theories compatible with a gravitational UV-completion. Moreover, when the low energy theory also contains a U(1)3 anomaly, the Weak Gravity Conjecture scale makes an appearance in the form of a quantum gravity cutoff for values of the gauge coupling above a certain critical size.
NLO QCD corrections to off-shell $$ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}{\mathrm{W}}^{\pm } $$ production at the LHC
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Pelliccioli Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present results of a computation of NLO QCD corrections to the production of an off-shell top-antitop pair in association with an off-shell W+ boson in proton-proton collisions. As the calculation is based on the full matrix elements for the process $$ \mathrm{pp}\to {\mathrm{e}}^{+}{v}_{\mathrm{e}}{\mu}^{-}{\overline{v}}_{\mu }{\tau}^{+}{v}_{\tau}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$
pp
→

e
+

v
e

μ
−

v
¯

μ

τ
+

v
τ

b

b
¯

, all off-shell, spin-correlation, and interference effects are included. The NLO QCD corrections are about 20% for the integrated cross-section. Using a dynamical scale, the corrections to most distributions are at the same level, while some distributions show much larger K-factors in suppressed regions of phase space. We have performed a second calculation based on a double-pole approximation. While the corresponding results agree with the full calculation within few per cent for integrated cross-sections, the discrepancy can reach 10% and more in regions of phase space that are not dominated by top-antitop production. As a consequence, on-shell calculations should only be trusted to this level of accuracy.
Zur Altersdiagnostik lebender Personen: der Einfluss des sozioökonomischen Status auf die Skelett- und Zahnentwicklung in einer deutschen Studienkohorte
Authors: Timme M. , Karch A. , Shay D. , Ottow C. , Schmeling A. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie forensische Altersdiagnostik kann ein entscheidendes Instrument zur Durchführung rechtstaatlicher Verfahren sein. Bei der Altersdiagnostik wird die Entwicklung von Skelett- und Zahnmerkmalen einer zu begutachtenden Person mit Daten von Referenzpopulationen verglichen. Als möglicher Einflussfaktor auf die Altersdiagnose ist der sozioökonomische Status (SES) der zu begutachtenden Person zu berücksichtigen. Allerdings ist die Studienlage zu diesem Einflussfaktor bislang spärlich. Prospektiv wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der Skelett- bzw. Zahnentwicklung und dem SES innerhalb einer deutschen Studienpopulation aus freiwilligen Teilnehmern ermittelt. Dazu wurde die Entwicklung der medialen Epiphyse des Schlüsselbeins, der distalen Epiphyse des Radius, der distalen Epiphyse des Femurs, der proximalen Epiphyse der Tibia und des linken unteren dritten Molaren bei 294 Frauen und 287 Männern im Alter von 12 bis 24 Jahren mittels 3‑Tesla-Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde der SES der Teilnehmer erfasst. Hierzu wurde das Bildungsniveau der Eltern erfragt. Der Einfluss des SES auf die Einzelmerkmale sowie die Gesamtheit der untersuchten Skelettmerkmale wurde mittels linearer Regression ermittelt. Für alle untersuchten Merkmale und Kombinationen konnte keine Evidenz für einen Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Es wurde geschlussfolgert, dass sich die Lebensumstände der Studienteilnehmer offenbar nicht ausreichend stark unterschieden, um einen Einfluss des SES auf das Skelettalter darzustellen.
Thinner temporal peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer in Stargardt disease detected by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Reich Michael , Lübke Jan , Joachimsen Lutz , Stifter Julia , Küchlin Sebastian , Böhringer Daniel , Lange Clemens , Lagrèze Wolf A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with Stargardt disease (STGD).

Methods
A cross-sectional, monocentric, observational case-control study. Twenty patients (39 eyes) with ABCA4 mutations graded according to the Fishman STGD classification were included. RNFL measurement was performed using Heidelberg Spectralis SD-OCT. RNFL thickness in STGD patients was compared to age-matched data of healthy individuals provided by the device’s manufacturer. A manual readjustment of the optic disc-fovea angle was performed when needed.

Results
The mean age at first diagnosis of STGD was 22.9 years (range 9 to 50) and 39.1 years (range 18 to 74) at the time of examination. Thirty-nine percent of eyes (15 eyes) needed manual adjustment of the optic disc-fovea angle due to malfixation of the patients during OCT. The temporal quadrant corresponding to the macula showed a RNFL 16% thinner than controls (mean − 12 μm, 95%CI − 9 to −15 μm). However, global RNFL thickness did not differ from controls due to increased RNFL thickness of 12% in the nasal sectors. Duration and stage of STGD were not correlated to thinner RNFL.

Conclusion
STGD seems to be associated with thinner peripapillary RNFL in the sector of axons projecting to the degenerated macular area. It is yet unclear as to whether this results from anterograde transneuronal degeneration of direct injury to retinal ganglion cells.
Assessing the validity of corneal power estimation using conventional keratometry for intraocular lens power calculation in eyes with Fuch’s dystrophy undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Diener Raphael , Treder Maximilian , Lauermann Jost Lennart , Eter Nicole , Alnawaiseh Maged 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe present retrospective study was designed to test the hypothesis that the postoperative posterior to preoperative anterior corneal curvature radii (PPPA) ratio in eyes with Fuch’s dystrophy undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is significantly different to the posterior to anterior corneal curvature radii (PA) ratio in virgin eyes and therefore renders conventional keratometry (K) and the corneal power derived by it invalid for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.MethodsMeasurement of corneal parameters was performed using Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus, Germany). In 125 eyes with Fuch’s dystrophy undergoing DMEK, a fictitious keratometer index was calculated based on the PPPA ratio. The preoperative and postoperative keratometer indices and PA ratios were also determined. Results were compared to those obtained in a control group consisting of 125 eyes without corneal pathologies. Calculated mean ratios and keratometer indices were then used to convert the anterior corneal radius in each eye before DMEK to postoperative posterior and total corneal power. To assess the most appropriate ratio and keratometer index, predicted and measured powers were compared using Bland-Altman plots.ResultsThe PPPA ratio determined in eyes with Fuch’s dystrophy undergoing DMEK was significantly different (P < 0.001) to the PA ratio in eyes without corneal pathologies. Using the mean PA ratio (0.822) and keratometer index (1.3283), calculated with the control group data to convert the anterior corneal radius before DMEK to power, leads to a significant (P < 0.001) underestimation of postoperative posterior negative corneal power (mean difference (∆ = − 0.14D ± 0.30) and overestimation of total corneal power (∆ = − 0.45D ± 1.08). The lowest prediction errors were found using the geometric mean PPPA ratio (0.806) and corresponding keratometer index (1.3273) to predict the postoperative posterior (∆ = − 0.01 ± 0.30) and total corneal powers (∆ = − 0.32D ± 1.08).ConclusionsCorneal power estimation using conventional K for IOL power calculation is invalid in eyes with Fuch’s dystrophy undergoing DMEK. To avoid an overestimation of corneal power and minimize the risk of a postoperative hyperopic shift, conventional K for IOL power calculation should be adjusted in eyes with Fuch’s dystrophy undergoing cataract surgery combined with DMEK. The fictitious PPPA ratio and keratometer index may guide further IOL power calculation methods to achieve this.
Clinical outcomes of patients after nipple-sparing mastectomy and reconstruction based on the expander/implant technique
Authors: Toh Uhi , Takenaka Miki , Iwakuma Nobutaka , Akagi Yoshito 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvances in multi-modality treatments incorporating systemic chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and radiotherapy for the management of breast cancer have resulted in a surgical-management paradigm change toward less-aggressive surgery that combines the use of breast-conserving or -reconstruction therapy as a new standard of care with a higher emphasis on cosmesis. The implementation of skin-sparing and nipple-sparing mastectomies (SSM, NSM) has been shown to be oncologically safe, and breast reconstructive surgery is being performed increasingly for patients with breast cancer. NSM and breast reconstruction can also be performed as prophylactic or risk-reduction surgery for women with BRCA gene mutations. Compared with conventional breast construction followed by total mastectomy (TM), NSM preserving the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) with breast reconstruction provides psychosocial and aesthetic benefits, thereby improving patients’ cosmetic appearance and body image. Implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) has been used worldwide following mastectomy as a safe and cost-effective method of breast reconstruction. We review the clinical evidence about immediate (one-stage) and delayed (two-stage) IBBR after NSM. Our results suggest that the postoperative complication rate may be higher after NSM followed by IBBR than after TM or SSM followed by IBBR.
Effects of temporary sacral nerve stimulation on gastrointestinal motility and function in patients with chronic refractory slow-transit constipation
Authors: Altomare D. F. , Picciariello A. , Di Ciaula A. , Rinaldi M. , De Fazio M. , Portincasa P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on patients with chronic refractory slow-transit constipation is controversial and its mechanism of action on gastrointestinal motility and transit is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to document the effects of temporary SNS on the gastrointestinal and biliary tract motility and on gastrointestinal transit in patients with refractory slow-transit constipation.MethodsThis was a prospective interventional study. Patients with slow-transit chronic constipation, unresponsive to any conservative treatment, were enrolled between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients’ quality of life [patient assessment of constipation quality of life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire], constipation scores (Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score) colonic transit time (CTT), orocecal transit time (OCTT), gastric and gallbladder kinetics, together with the assessment of the autonomic nerve function were evaluated before and during temporary SNS.Results14 patients (12 females, median age 38 years, range 24–42 years) had temporary SNS. The Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score did not change compared to baseline (23 ± 3 vs 21.4;p = 070). The PAC-QOL did not improve significantly during the stimulation period. Gallbladder/stomach motility (half-emptying time) did not change significantly before and after SNS. OCTT was delayed at baseline, as compared to standard internal normal values, and did not change during SNS. CTT did not improve significantly, although in two patients it decreased substantially from 97 to 53 h, and from 100 to 65 h.ConclusionsTemporary SNS did not have any effect on upper/lower gastrointestinal motility and transit in patients with severe constipation.