bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by human herpesvirus 7 treated with a tumor necrosis factor‐α inhibitor
Authors: Shen Meng‐Han , Liu Ming‐Tsan , Chung Wen‐Hung , Lu Chun‐Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life‐threatening hypersensitivity reaction. Long‐term sequelae include dry eyes, visual impairment and psychological complications. TEN is mostly induced by medication; however, viral infections, such as coxsackievirus A6, are known triggers of this disease. However, how to define the role of infection in SJS/TEN is still a problem. Most patients develop SJS/TEN over the course of symptoms of the infection first, and then take medication. Therefore, virus culture and nucleic acid detection at the acute stage cannot predict that the virus itself will indeed produce such a serious reaction. Furthermore, many SJS/TEN patients who are diagnosed with an infection are afraid of receiving the drug rechallenge test. Thus, we report the first case worldwide of a patient who suffered from TEN caused by herpesvirus 7 infection, which was confirmed by both real‐time polymerase chain reaction and lymphocyte transformation test.
Interleukin (IL)‐17F and IL‐17E are related to fibrosis and vasculopathy in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Fukayama Maiko , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Fukasawa Takemichi , Ebata Satoshi , Kuzumi Ai , Yoshizaki‐Ogawa Asako , Asano Yoshihide , Oba Koji , Sato Shinichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that causes fibrosis and vasculopathy of the skin and internal organs against a background of autoimmune abnormalities. In recent years, the importance of the interleukin (IL)‐17 family for inflammatory diseases has received much attention, but autoimmune diseases have not yet been fully explored. As for SSc, there is also no unified perspective on the involvement of the IL‐17 family in its development, and few studies have been conducted linking IL‐17F and IL‐17E particularly to the disease severity. In the present study, we examined the correlation between serum IL‐17F and IL‐17E levels and disease severity in SSc patients. Moreover, the expression of the receptors for these cytokines, IL‐17RB and IL‐17RC, in skin tissues obtained by skin biopsy was examined by immunohistochemistry. Both cytokines were significantly elevated in the sera of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc patients compared with healthy controls. Serum IL‐17F levels correlated with modified Rodnan total skin thickness score, a semiquantitative measure of skin sclerosis, percent predicted forced vital capacity, percent predicted carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity and serum levels of Krebs von den Lungen‐6 and surfactant protein‐D, serological markers of interstitial lung disease. Serum IL‐17E levels were significantly correlated with percent predicted forced vital capacity and serum Krebs von den Lungen‐6 levels. Serum levels of IL‐17F and IL‐17E also correlated with the prevalence of digital ulcers, and serum IL‐17F levels were associated with elevated right ventricle systolic pressure values. In addition, IL‐17RC and IL‐17RB expression was increased in the skin tissues of diffuse cutaneous SSc patients. These results suggested that IL‐17F and IL‐17E could be involved in fibrosis and vasculopathy in SSc through their respective receptors in the affected organ tissues.
Addressing tagging location bias to assess space use by marine animals
Authors: Hays Graeme C. , Rattray Alex , Esteban Nicole 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Estimates of space use derived from animal tracking studies are often biased by where animals are tagged, with areas distant to the tagging site, in both space and time, being under‐represented.

We develop an approach to overcome this tagging bias by quantifying the likely movements of animals after tags have failed.

We illustrate the approach using high accuracy Fastloc‐GPS tracking data for 35 adult female green turtles Chelonia mydas equipped with satellite tags within one of the world's largest marine protected areas (MPAs), the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) MPA.

Individuals migrated up to 5,127 km from the tagging site, breaking migration distance records for this species. For 28 of the 35 individuals travelling to foraging locations well outside the MPA, we estimated that they spent, on average, 9.8% of their adult lives within the BIOT MPA.

Synthesis and applications. We highlight the importance of the British Indian Ocean Territory marine protected area (MPA) as a nesting sanctuary for turtles from across an ocean basin. The general approach outlined here can be applied to a broad range of taxa, including marine mammals, fish and sea turtles and will allow unbiased estimates of how important areas, such as MPAs, are used.
Characterization of a novel Pantoea symbiont allows inference of a pattern of convergent genome reduction in bacteria associated with Pentatomidae
Authors: Kashkouli Marzieh , Castelli Michele , Floriano Anna M. , Bandi Claudio , Epis Sara , Fathipour Yaghoub , Mehrabadi Mohammad , Sassera Davide 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPhytophagous stink bugs typically harbor nutritional symbiotic bacteria in their midgut, to integrate their unbalanced diet. In the Pentatomidae, most symbionts are affiliated to the genus Pantoea, and are polyphyletic. This suggests a scenario of an ancestral establishment of symbiosis, followed by multiple symbiont replacement events by akin environmental bacteria in different host lineages. In this study, a novel Pantoeaspecies (‘CandidatusPantoea persica’) was characterized from the gut of the pentatomid Acrosternum arabicum, and shown to be highly abundant in a specific portion of the gut and necessary for the host development. The genome of the symbiont (2.9 Mb), while presenting putative host‐supportive metabolic pathways, including those for amino acids and vitamin synthesis, showed a high level of pseudogenization, indicating ongoing genome reduction. Comparative analyses with other free‐living and symbiotic Pantoea highlighted a convergent pattern of genome reduction in symbionts of pentatomids, putatively following the typical phases modelized in obligate nutritional symbionts of insects. Additionally, this system has distinctive traits, as hosts are closely related, and symbionts originated multiple independent times from closely related free‐living bacteria, displaying convergent and independent conspicuous genome reduction. Due to such peculiarities, this may become an ideal model to study genome evolutionary processes in insect symbionts.
Trade in fisheries services under the WTO and GATS framework
Authors: Will Emma , Pettersson Maria , Stage Jesper 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper studies how fisheries services are classified in the World Trade Organization (WTO) framework for trade in services and discusses the potential impact of unclear classifications. The WTO plays a key role in regulation and assessment in the area of trade in services, mainly due to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which contains the only set of multilateral rules managing such trade internationally. The purpose of GATS is to create a credible and reliable system of international trade rules that ensures fair treatment of all participants. Through negotiations, individual countries establish commitments to provide market access and limiting national treatment in various service sectors. During such negotiations, the classification of services is a prerequisite to ensure unambiguous and comparable commitments. However, the classification list used by the WTO, namely the W/120, is based on, and corresponds to, old versions of other classification lists, leading to unclear classifications. This lack of clarity in sectoral classifications makes policy analysis unnecessarily difficult and creates a risk that trade agreements may be interpreted differently by different parties.
Sulfation, structural analysis, and anticoagulant bioactivity of ginger polysaccharides
Authors: Wang Chaofan , He Yaoxuan , Tang Xiaozhen , Li Ningyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, ginger polysaccharide (GP), ginger polysaccharide 1 (GP1), and ginger polysaccharide 2 (GP2) from ginger were firstly modified by sulfation. Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra investigation of sulfated ginger polysaccharide (SGP), sulfated ginger polysaccharide 1 (SGP1), and sulfated ginger polysaccharide 2 (SGP2) revealed that the sulfation successfully occurred with the characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide. Congo red experiment showed that triple helical structure existed in SGP and SGP1, but random coils existed in SGP2. SGP, SGP1, and SGP2 all showed a rough and rugged surface with plenty of small pores. The blood clotting time of SGP2 or SGP at 2 mg/mL in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay was 41.42 or 38.01 s, respectively, which were approximately 1.33‐ and 1.22‐fold longer than that of the physiological saline. Compared to the saline control group, prothrombin time (PT) was increased by 1.22‐fold with the addition of GP at 2 mg/mL. However, no clotting inhibition phenomenon was observed in thrombin time test even at the concentrations that APTT and PT were obviously prolonged. It indicated that GP2, SGP2, and SGP inhibited the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, but GP inhibited both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Hence, ginger polysaccharides might be used as anticoagulants and therapeutic reagents for thrombosis.
Salmonellagrows massively and aerobically in chicken faecal matter
Authors: Guerrero Teresa , Calderón Diana , Zapata Sonia , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe use of wastewater for irrigation and animal manure as fertilizer can cause transmission of intestinal pathogens, conditions frequently observed in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Here, we tested the ability ofSalmonellato grow in the faecal matter. We inoculated freshly isolatedSalmonellastrains (from chickens) in chicken faecal matter and incubated for 1 to 12 days, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. We found that bothSalmonellaandEscherichia colimultiplied massively in faecal matter outside a host and significantly higher in aerobic conditions. Our results have critical implications in waste management, as we demonstrate that aerobic treatments may not be the best to reduce the number ofSalmonellain the environment.
Soil microbiota influences clubroot disease by modulatingPlasmodiophora brassicaeandBrassica napustranscriptomes
Authors: Daval Stéphanie , Gazengel Kévin , Belcour Arnaud , Linglin Juliette , Guillerm‐Erckelboudt Anne‐Yvonne , Sarniguet Alain , Manzanares‐Dauleux Maria J. , Lebreton Lionel , Mougel Christophe 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe contribution of surrounding plant microbiota to disease development has led to the ‘pathobiome’ concept, which represents the interaction between the pathogen, the host plant and the associated biotic microbial community, resulting or not in plant disease. The aim herein is to understand how the soil microbial environment may influence the functions of a pathogen and its pathogenesis, and the molecular response of the plant to the infection, with a dual‐RNAseq transcriptomics approach. We address this question usingBrassica napusandPlasmodiophora brassicae, the pathogen responsible for clubroot. A time‐course experiment was conducted to study interactions betweenP. brassicae, twoB. napusgenotypes and three soils harbouring high, medium or low microbiota diversities and levels of richness. The soil microbial diversity levels had an impact on disease development (symptom levels and pathogen quantity). TheP. brassicaeandB. napustranscriptional patterns were modulated by these microbial diversities, these modulations being dependent on the host genotype plant and the kinetic time. The functional analysis of gene expressions allowed the identification of pathogen and plant host functions potentially involved in the change of plant disease level, such as pathogenicity‐related genes (NUDIX effector) inP. brassicaeand plant defence‐related genes (glucosinolate metabolism) inB. napus.
Three‐dimensional printed navigational template for localizing small pulmonary nodules: A case‐controlled study
Authors: Fu Rui , Chai Yun‐Fei , Zhang Jia‐Tao , Zhang Tao , Chen Xiao‐Kun , Dong Song , Yan Hong‐Hong , Yang Xue‐Ning , Huang Mei‐Ping , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhuang Jian , Zhong Wen‐Zhao 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundLocalization of small pulmonary nodules is an inevitable challenge for the thoracic surgeon. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology for localizing small pulmonary nodules, especially ground‐glass nodules (GGNs).MethodsThis study enrolled patients with peripheral small pulmonary nodules (≤ 2 cm) who required preoperative localization. In the comparison period, patients underwent both computed tomography‐guided (CT‐G) and 3D‐printing template guided (3D‐G) localization to compare the accuracies of the two methods. In the testing period, the 3D‐printing technique was implemented alone. The 3D‐printing physical navigational template was designed based on data from perioperative CT images. Clinical data, imaging data, surgical data, and evaluation index were collected for further analysis. The learning curve of the 3D‐printing localization technique was assessed using cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsIn the comparison period (n = 14), the success rates of CT‐G and 3D‐G were 100% and 92.9% (P = 0.31), respectively; in the testing period (n = 23), the success rate of 3D‐G was 95.6%. The localization times of CT‐G, 3D‐G (comparison), and 3D‐G (testing) were 23.6 ± 5.3, 19.3 ± 6.8, and 9.8 ± 4.6 minutes, respectively. The CUSUM learning curve was modeled using the equation: Y = 0.48X2 − 0.013X − 0.454 (R2 = 0.89). The learning curve was composed of two phases, phase 1 (the initial 20 patients) and phase 2 (the remaining 17 patients).Conclusions3D printing localization has adequate accuracy and is a feasible and accessible strategy for use in localizing small pulmonary nodules, especially in right upper lobe. The use of this technique could facilitate lung nodule localization prior to surgery.
Clinical and exome sequencing findings in seven children with Bardet–Biedl syndrome from Turkey
Authors: Gumus Evren , Tuncez Ebru , Oz Ozlem , Saka Guvenc Merve 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a very‐rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with severe multisystem manifestations. Genetic testing plays an important role in the early diagnosis of the disease. In this study, while trying to elucidate the genetic etiology of seven individuals with clinical BBS diagnosis from six different families, we also aimed to examine the distribution of BBS variations in this region of Turkey.Methods and materialsExome sequencing analysis is performed for clinically diagnosed patients with BBS in the present study followed by parental segregation. The unreported and previously described clinical features are presented.ResultsHomozygous variants, four of which are unreported, in BBS‐related genes (BBS5 [c.682‐2A > G], MKKS [c.775del], BBS7 [c.849+1G > T], BBS9 [c.965G > A], BBS10 [c.145C > T], LZTFL1[c.384G > A]) are detected for all the seven individuals included in the study. The most common clinical finding is polydactyly followed by renal anomalies. The clinical features not previously described are correlated to the unreported variant.ConclusionsIn this study, exome sequencing findings are discussed and four previously unreported disease‐associated variants are described including the fifth BBS‐implicated LZTFL1 change and possible genotype–phenotype correlation is described.
Predator naïve minnows respond to their conspecific alarm substance but not the odour from a non‐native predator
Authors: Kadye Wilbert T. , Leigh Simon , Booth Anthony J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen exposed to predator cues, ostariophysan fishes exhibit short‐term anti‐predator behavioural responses in order to minimise predation risk. Non‐native predator cues are, however, likely to elicit poor behavioural responses in native prey fishes. This study investigated whether chubbyhead barb Enteromius anoplus, a native freshwater minnow in South Africa, had the innate ability to recognise and respond to largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, a non‐native piscivore. This was experimentally evaluated by investigating behavioural responses to both the non‐native predator's odour and damage‐released conspecific alarm substance (CAS). Chubbyhead barbs did not exhibit any behavioural response to largemouth bass odour both before and after exposure to CAS. This suggests that the chubbyhead barbs likely lacked the innate ability to recognise the non‐native largemouth bass predator kairomones. By comparison, exposure to CAS was associated with significant behavioural responses, with chubbyhead barbs shifting from free‐swimming to hovering, and frequent use of refugia. This suggests that despite ineffective response to non‐native largemouth bass odour, chubbyhead barbs responded to general predator attack. Overall, this study suggests the potential for non‐native largemouth bass to induce negative consumptive effects on chubbyhead barbs due to their inability to identify non‐native predator's odour. In addition, nonconsumptive effects are likely due to altered activities in response to predator attack.
The benefit of elobixibat in chronic constipation is associated with faecal deoxycholic acid but not effects of altered microbiota
Authors: Misawa Noboru , Higurashi Takuma , Takatsu Tomohiro , Iwaki Michihiro , Kobayashi Takashi , Yoshihara Tsutomu , Ashikari Keiichi , Kessoku Takaomi , Fuyuki Akiko , Matsuura Tetsuya , Ohkubo Hidenori , Usuda Haruki , Wada Koichiro , Naritaka Nakayuki , Takei Hajime , Nittono Hiroshi , Matsumoto Mitsuharu , Honda Akira , Nakajima Atsushi , Camilleri Michael 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundElobixibat, a novel inhibitor of apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter for treating chronic constipation, increases colonic bile acid concentrations, stimulating bowel function. However, it is not clear which bile acids are altered, or whether altered gut microbiota are associated with functional effects that may alter bowel function.AimsTo investigate the effects of elobixibat on changes in the faecal concentrations of total and individual bile acids and in faecal microbiota.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐centre study. After baseline period, patients received 10 mg daily of elobixibat for 2 weeks. We evaluated the effects on bowel function, changes in faecal bile acid concentrations and composition of gut bacteria, before and after elobixibat administration.ResultsIn the 30 patients analysed, the frequency of pre‐ and post‐treatment bowel movements per fortnight was 7 and 10 (P < 0.001), respectively. The pre‐treatment faecal bile acid concentration increased significantly from 10.9 to 15.0 µg/g stool post‐treatment (P = 0.030), with a significant increase in faecal deoxycholic acid (pre‐treatment 3.94 µg/g stool to post‐treatment 5.02 µg/g stool, P = 0.036) and in glycine‐conjugated deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. Shannon index was significantly decreased, but there were no significant changes at the genus and phylum levels.ConclusionsShort term treatment with elobixibat increased the concentrations of total bile acids and deoxycholic acid and decreased the diversity of faecal microbiota. The biological effects of elobixibat are associated with its effects on secretory bile acids, rather than the structural changes of an altered faecal microbiota.
What next for courtroom special measures? Embodying legal geographies through “appreciative‐assemblage” methodology
Authors: Traynor Catherine , Tomczak Philippa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCourtrooms globally are being reshaped by (1) (legal) special measures, and (2) increasing voluntary sector involvement. We examine multisectoral efforts to change conditions under which vulnerable people give evidence in Scotland. Vulnerable complainers (in Scotland)/complainants and witnesses are now often shielded by screens and accompanied by volunteer witness supporters when testifying. These developments have important (geo)political implications. However, little scholarship examines the spatiality, materiality, and discursivity of the special measures themselves and/or the relationships between special measures, courts, and the voluntary sector. Addressing this gap, we fuse assemblage methodologies and appreciative inquiry, providing a novel methodological hybrid to underpin forthcoming research examining what constitutes these measures and their relationships with the court voluntary sector. Our “playful experimentation” increases the political momentum of assemblages and adds spatial, material, and discursive perspectives to narrative‐focused appreciative inquiry, to facilitate best evidence and organisational development. Our methodological hybrid increases interdisciplinary possibilities: for embodied legal geography, seeing law as enacted through the spatial, material, and discursive body of a volunteer; and for criminal justice voluntary sector studies, creating a more materially and spatially aware public criminology. This is relevant across interest groups, including those supporting (vulnerable) populations involved in criminal justice; evaluating court reforms; and doing research involving the representational, emotional, and affective body.
Efficacy of pharmacotherapeutics for patients comorbid with alcohol use disorders and depressive symptoms—A bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jiande , Wang Hongxuan , Li Mei , Shen Qingyu , Li Xiangpen , Rong Xiaoming , Peng Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to compare and rank the efficacy of different pharmacotherapeutics for patients comorbid with alcohol use disorders and depressive symptoms.MethodBayesian network meta‐analysis was performed for three different outcome parameters: alcohol use disorders (AUD) remission rate, percent abstinent days, and scores of depression scales. The surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) was used for ranking the efficacy of interventions. Sensitivity analysis and direct pairwise analysis were conducted to validate the main results.ResultsA total of 68 RCTs consisting of 5890 patients were included. Disulfiram could significantly increase the AUD remission rates (OR 5.02, 1.97‐12.95) and the percent abstinent days (MD 17.08, 3.48‐30.93). Disulfiram was associated with the best efficacy in achieving remission (SUCRA 95.1%) and increasing abstinent days (SUCRA 87.6%). Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor was significantly more efficacious than controls (SMD −2.44, −3.53 to −1.36) and have the first rank (SUCRA 99.0%) in reducing the scores of depression scales. Antiepileptics have relatively higher ranks in efficacy for both AUD and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsDisulfiram was associated with the best efficacy in achieving abstinence for comorbidity patients. Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor was demonstrated to be associated with the best efficacy in reducing scores of depression scales. Antiepileptics might be beneficial to both alcohol‐related and depressive symptoms.