bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debate: Where to next for universal school‐based mental health interventions? Time to move towards more effective alternatives
Authors: Andrews Jack L. , Foulkes Lucy 
Published: December 2024

There is an urgent need to improve mental health outcomes among young people. One approach taken to address this problem has been the design and delivery of universal school‐based prevention, based on therapeutic models such as CBT and mindfulness. Such interventions are delivered to groups of young people, irrespective of risk or need. However, in this commentary, we argue that the initial appeal of universal interventions has not been supported by the evidence: universal school‐based prevention is less effective than targeted approaches, often leads to null or unsustained positive effects, has the potential to elicit negative effects and is not well liked by young people themselves. In addition, many young people in each classroom already meet the criteria for a mental disorder, meaning that prevention approaches may not be appropriate or effective for this group. In this commentary, we respond to Birrell et al.'s (2025) paper by arguing that the field should move away from universal prevention and instead invest our limited resources in the refinement and dissemination of interventions with a stronger evidence base, such as one‐to‐one, targeted and indirect approaches.
Japan: Internal migration and population decline
Authors: Fielding Tony 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExamining the interdependencies between internal migration and national population decline in Japan, this paper begins by analysing the impacts of internal migration on national fertility decline, for example, through the early post‐World War II flows from high‐fertility countrysides to low‐fertility cities. It then focuses on the way in which, in the context of national population decline, internal migration exacerbates the problems facing Japan's rural areas by adding population loss and, in particular, the loss of young adult populations, to the mounting problems of public and private‐sector disinvestment, job losses, ageing (both social and physical) and the abandonment of land use and built form.
The high‐temperature creep behavior transition in stoichiometric nanocrystalline (Pux,U1−x)O2 mixed oxides
Authors: Zhuang Fengnian , Yan Gaosheng , Yu Wenshan , Xu Minglong , Shen Shengping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe study of high‐temperature creep properties of (Pu,U)O2 mixed oxides (MOX) ceramics is an increasingly important and attractive issue in the field of nuclear fuels. Using the molecular dynamics method, we study the creep behavior and creep mechanism transition of nanocrystalline (NC) MOX affected by temperature, stress, grain size, and Pu contents. It is found that the creep of NC MOX is dominated by diffusional creep and larger stress can activate the grain boundary sliding. At the Bredig transition temperature of MOX, its anionic sublattice pre‐melts, which increases the creep rate due to intensified ions diffusion. Thus, the increase of temperature and stress leads to a transition in the creep mechanism from Coble creep with grain boundary sliding to Nabarro–Herring creep. Based on the method of analogy, we develop a theoretic model of the cationic vacancy concentration rate for high‐temperature diffusional creep of NC MOX. This model can well predict the cationic vacancy concentration in the secondary creep stage. The findings of this study could not only give us a deep understanding of the creep behaviors of MOX ceramics at higher temperatures, but provide valuable insights in the variations of cationic vacancy concentration during steady‐state creep stage of NC MOX.
Ti3AlC2 single crystal growth via controlling horizontal temperature gradient
Authors: Zhang QingYu , Xiao YuKun , Li Mian , Huang Qing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGrowth of single‐crystal MAX phases is crucial for studying their intrinsic physical properties. Although Ti3AlC2 is one of the most popular MAX phases for the study of high‐temperature structural materials as well as a precursor for MXene, the growth of Ti3AlC2 single crystals remains a challenge owing to the limited solubility of graphite in the Ti melt via the self‐flux method. In this study, a horizontal temperature gradient was used to resolve the dissolution of graphite in the melt and its diffusion rate. Ti3AlC2 single crystals with an area of 9 mm2 were successfully produced under horizontal temperature gradients. It was tentatively proposed that the crystallinity of Ti3AlC2 single crystals could be reflected by the intensity ratio of the in‐plane and c‐axial phonon vibration modes in the Raman spectra of the MAX phase.
Evaluation of Learning Approaches Among Physiotherapy Students in Haryana: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Pooja  , Gakhar Megha , Verma Bhawna , Jagga Vinay 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionUnderstanding students' learning approach, modifying teaching methods, curriculum and material accordingly is essential to deliver quality education. Knowing more about the learning approaches assists in upgrading the profession's quality for continuous professional development.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study was carried out among physiotherapy students studying in physiotherapy colleges affiliated with the same university. The Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students questionnaire was used to evaluate learning approaches in both preclinical and clinical students. Data were analysed using the IBM Statistical Package SPSS 27. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsA total of 250 participants with a mean age of 21.09 + 1.93 years, 129 (51.6%) in the preclinical group and 121 (48.4%) in the clinical group participated in the study. 67 (26.7%) of the students were male, while 183 (72.9%) were females. The vast majority of participants (97.6%) adopt a deep approach to learning, while only a small fraction (2.0%) use a surface approach, with the strategic approach being rarely used (0.4%). No significant difference was observed between the males and females, and students of different colleges under the same university.ConclusionThe predominant approach is the deep learning approach reflecting active learning. This may indicate that curriculum and strategies of teaching are employed over physiotherapy students to promote quality learning. Also, the teaching preferences varies between two group of physiotherapy students. Thus, this will also assist physiotherapy educators in planning and delivering learning activities according to learners by knowing their preferences.
Association Between Triglyceride‐Glucose Index and Risk of Gallstone Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study of 395 391 Individuals
Authors: Li Hongyu , Jiang Guoheng , Yu Wenqian , Luo Jing , Li Shiyi , Xie Linjun , Bai Xuan , Xu Yiting , Jiang Yi , He Menglin , Zhou Jin , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveGallstone disease (GSD) is one of the widespread gastrointestinal conditions. Triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index, a convenient surrogate for insulin resistance, may help identify and prevent gallstones. The present study aims to conduct a longitudinal study to evaluate the association between TyG index and the risk of GSD using the UK Biobank cohort.MethodA total of 395 391 participants in the UK Biobank (median follow‐up of 12.52 years) were included. The association between TyG index and the risk of GSD was assessed through Cox models and the restricted cubic spline model, expressed by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis was employed concerning age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) and also analyzed the mediating role of BMI in the effect of TyG index on incident GSD. Sensitivity analyses were further performed using a competing risks model and excluding participants who developed GSD in the first year of follow‐up to test the stability of the results.ResultsThe risk of developing GSD increased in the Quartiles 2, 3, and 4 compared with Quartile 1 of TyG index (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.570 [95%CI 1.303–1.893], 1.577 [1.295–1.920], 1.489 [1.181–1.878], Ptrend < 0.001 across quartiles of TyG index). The aHR for every unit and SD increment in TyG index were 1.282 [1.100–1.494], 1.151 [1.055–1.256]. The results were consistent when participants who developed GSD in the first year of follow‐up were excluded. The restricted cubic spline regression also showed an increased risk of GSD with increasing TyG index.ConclusionsIncreased TyG index is associated with an elevated risk of GSD. The TyG index might be an important indicator for identifying people at high risk of GSD.
Autism Speaks for Whom? Neoliberalism, Nonprofit Infrastructure, and the Economics of Autism Advocacy
Authors: Kizer James Samuel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTArguably one of the best current examples of the nonprofit industrial complex in action, Autism Speaks dominates public discourses surrounding autism. Autistic people and their allies have long criticized the organization's harmful ideologies, but comparatively little attention has been given to how Autism Speaks develops its ideologies in the first place. I address this gap in the sociocultural study of autism in the present paper by situating Autism Speaks within neoliberal thought and demonstrating how those logics undergird its nonprofit infrastructure. Drawing upon critical nonprofit studies and Suárez's (2020) model for the drivers and determinants of nonprofit advocacy, I argue that neoliberal notions of medicalization, bodyminds, and labor are inherently intertwined with Autism Speaks' budget, resulting in the organization's narrow framing of autism advocacy and problematic ideology about Autistic people themselves.A Note on LanguageI utilize identify‐first language in this essay (‘Autistic person’ instead of ‘person with autism’) to reflect the growing consensus among Autistic people that doing so is semantically necessary. Autism is not an experience that can be isolated from the person experiencing it, rendering person‐first language problematic because “with autism” is a prepositional phrase that can be removed without changing the sentence meaning. But Autism is the meaning! Being Autistic is simultaneously salient, corporeal, discursive, and analytical; it is intrinsic to the bodyminds who possess it, which also makes it always already political. In a similar vein, I use capital‐A “Autistic” when referencing Autistic people to encapsulate its political significance. See Brown (2011) and “The A Word” (2009).
Paternal incarceration, child care instability, and children's wellbeing
Authors: Turney Kristin , Kaiser Daniela E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the relationship between paternal incarceration, child care instability, and children's well‐being.BackgroundDespite the established repercussions of paternal incarceration for children and families, little is known about how paternal incarceration is associated with child care arrangements and how unstable child care arrangements moderate the deleterious consequences of paternal incarceration for children's well‐being.MethodsWe use data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a cohort of urban children born around the turn of the 21st century, to examine the relationship between recent first‐time paternal incarceration and child care instability (measured by long‐term instability, multiplicity, and back‐up care arrangements). We also examine how child care instability moderates the relationship between recent first‐time paternal incarceration and children's problem behaviors.ResultsAnalyses suggest three main findings. First, paternal incarceration is positively associated with long‐term child care instability, net of prior instability and factors associated with selection into paternal incarceration. Paternal incarceration is not associated with multiplicity or back‐up care. Second, the relationship between paternal incarceration and children's problem behaviors is larger among children with unstable care arrangements than among those with stable care arrangements. Third, children living with their father prior to his incarceration, compared to children not living with their father prior to his incarceration, experience larger consequences of paternal incarceration.ConclusionWe document the relationship between paternal incarceration and child care instability and how this instability moderates the association between paternal incarceration and children's problem behaviors.
The payroll tax contribution limit and women's labor market outcomes
Authors: Schechtl Manuel , Haupt Andreas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effect of the male partner's entry into payroll tax‐exempt earnings on the female partner's labor market outcomes.BackgroundEmployees only pay payroll taxes up to a specific limit, which results in a comparatively greater increase in the take‐home pay of individuals who earn labor incomes above this threshold. We argue that returns from payroll‐exempt labor are gendered: That is, because men are more likely high earners than women, they will more often benefit from the payroll tax ceiling. This increases the labor market returns of men and sets substantial incentives within couples to reduce the paid labor of the secondary earner.MethodWe use panel data from the United States (PSID) to examine changes in women's annual work hours, hourly wages, and earnings over the partner's entry into payroll tax‐exempt labor (treatment) using fixed‐effect models with individual slopes. The models enable us to assess women's labor market outcomes while adjusting for heterogeneous within‐couple earnings differential slopes before treatment in addition to any time‐constant heterogeneity. Our sample contains 7297 women providing 65,811 observations.ResultsWomen's earnings on average diminished by 4% after the partner breaks through the payroll tax contribution threshold. This was mostly explained by changes in annual work hours, which on average decreased by 4%. We did not find reduced hourly wages in the short run.ConclusionWe conclude that payroll exemptions for high earners reinforce gender inequality within upper‐income couples, which is a link hitherto missed in the literature.
ODHEPDC: Optimal Trained Deep Hybrid Ensemble of Classifier for Plant Disease Classification With Improved Deep Fuzzy Clustering
Authors: Mittal Ruchi , Malik Varun , Singla Geetanjali , Kaur Amandeep , Singh Manjinder , Mittal Amit 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlant diseases are the major factors that affects the quality production as it affects or interrupts the plant's vital functions. The early detection of crop disease could assist farmers in implementing the right preventative measures at the right moment to eradicate it. The main goal of the ODHEPDC (Optimal Trained Deep Hybrid Ensemble of Classifier for Classification of Plant Disease) model is the classification of diseases leaf images. The primary step is to improve the input image by using the MF model to remove the noise. This is considered as the preprocessing step. Improved fuzzy clustering algorithm, leading to the identification of the regions, ROI as well as non‐ROI. Next to this, the appropriate features are extracted to define the feature set that includes MPPT feature, PHOG feature, and MTP features as well. However, the curse of dimensionality is the greatest crisis in the classification problem, hence, improved feature level fusion is progressed, which is the simple concatenation of the extracted features. In this, the improved calculation of information gain ensures the reduction and fusion of feature set. The fused features are the inputs to ensemble classification model with the classifiers like CNN, RNN, and DBN classifiers, which gives the classified results. To boost up the performance of classification model, the Deep Maxout model in the ensemble is optimally trained by a new Bald Eagle Search Updated Pelican Optimization (BESUPO) Algorithm via optimal weights tuning as the model determines the final classification outcome. The validation results prove the disease classification performance via the given architecture than extant schemes.
Golden parachutes under the threat of accidents
Authors: Possamaï Dylan , Rossato Chiara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses a continuous‐time contracting model that extends Sannikov's problem. In our model, a principal hires a risk‐averse agent to carry out a project. Specifically, the agent can perform two different tasks, namely to increase the instantaneous growth rate of the project's value, and to reduce the likelihood of accidents occurring. In order to compensate for these costly actions, the principal offers a continuous stream of payments throughout the entire duration of a contract, which concludes at a random time, potentially resulting in a lump‐sum payment. We examine the consequences stemming from the introduction of accidents, modeled by a compound Poisson process that negatively impact the project's value. Furthermore, we investigate whether certain economic scenarii are still characterized by a golden parachute as in Sannikov's model. A golden parachute refers to a situation where the agent stops working and subsequently receives a compensation, which may be either a lump‐sum payment leading to termination of the contract or a continuous stream of payments, thereby corresponding to a pension.
Measure‐valued processes for energy markets
Authors: Cuchiero Christa , Di Persio Luca , Guida Francesco , Svaluto‐Ferro Sara 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe introduce a framework that allows to employ (non‐negative) measure‐valued processes for energy market modeling, in particular for electricity and gas futures. Interpreting the process' spatial structure as time to maturity, we show how the Heath–Jarrow–Morton approach can be translated to this framework, thus guaranteeing arbitrage free modeling in infinite dimensions, while allowing for the incorporation of important stylized facts, in particular stochastic discontinuities, that is, jumps or spikes at pre‐specified (deterministic) dates. We derive an analog to the HJM‐drift condition and then treat in a Markovian setting existence of non‐negative measure‐valued diffusions that satisfy this condition. To analyze mathematically convenient classes we consider measure‐valued polynomial and affine diffusions, where we can precisely specify the diffusion part in terms of continuous functions satisfying certain admissibility conditions. For calibration purposes these functions can then be parameterized by neural networks yielding measure‐valued analogs of neural SPDEs. By combining Fourier approaches or the moment formula with stochastic gradient descent methods, this then allows for tractable calibration procedures which we also test by way of example on market data.
SAM Syndrome Presenting With Pulmonary Stenosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Balan Batuhan Kerem , Ersoy‐Evans Sibel , Isıyel Emel , Alehan Dursun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSevere dermatitis, multiple allergies, and metabolic wasting (SAM) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that can arise due to mutations in the desmoglein 1 (DSG1) gene and sometimes in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene and is characterized by an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Severe dermatitis in most cases is treatment resistant and usually starts in the early postnatal period. Herein, we report a 5‐month‐old male with SAM syndrome that had a homozygous missense variant in exon 8 of the DSG1 gene with c.909G>C (p.Trp303Cys) and presented with pulmonary stenosis—a rare associated finding.
A community resilience index for place‐based actionable metrics
Authors: Habets Margot , Cutter Susan L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCommunity resilience measurement to natural hazards is becoming increasingly relevant due to the growth of federal programs and local and state resilience offices in the United States. This study introduces a methodology to co‐produce an actionable resilience metric to measure locally relevant and modifiable indicators of community resilience for the state of South Carolina. The “actionable” metrics, based on the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) index, are calculated at the county and tract scale and then compared to “conventional” versions of BRIC. Actionable BRICs perform better in reliability testing than conventional BRICs. Correlations across the two scales of BRIC construction show a stronger relationship between the actionable BRICs than conventional, though all are highly correlated. When mapped, actionable BRIC shows a shifted region of low resilience in the state when compared to conventional BRIC, suggesting that actionable and conventional BRICs are distinct. Scale differences show dissimilar drivers of resilience, with county‐level resilience driven by community, social, and environmental resilience and tract‐level resilience driven by social and institutional resilience. Actionable tract‐level BRIC appears to be the best representation of modifiable resilience for South Carolina, but it comes with trade‐offs, including calculation complexity and changing geographies over time. Regardless of scale, the resulting actionable indices offer a useful tracking mechanism for the state resilience office and highlight the importance of integrating top‐down and bottom‐up resilience perspectives to consider local drivers of resilience. The resulting methodology can be replicated in other states and localities to produce actionable and locally relevant resilience metrics.
Translating India to India: Travelling translations, Patanjali Ayurveda, and the visual language of spiritual consumerism
Authors: Pande Raksha , Bonnett Alastair 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the geography of translation by exploring the language of ‘spiritual consumerism’ in India. Drawing on examples from the Indian company Patanjali's ‘saffron capitalism’, we trace the politically, culturally, and religiously charged nature of ‘travelling translation’ and ‘self‐translation’. Our focus is on commercial language that has journeyed and returned ‘back home’, validating notions of Indian uniqueness in the context of globalisation and the rise of Hindu nationalism. This overarching theme is developed by way of three other arguments. First, we show the utility of bringing recent developments in translation studies to bear on geographical debates on globalisation and glocalisation. Second, we offer an expanded view of translation. With their many colours, fonts, and other devices, the Hindi and English texts found on Patanjali's products offer a complex and lively ‘visual language’. Our discussion shows that an understanding of the placing and patterning of this visual language sheds light on the complex character of ‘spiritual consumerism’. Third, in contrast to the emphasis on transgression, novelty, and resistance associated with earlier work on postcolonial translation, we draw out the splicing of nationalism, capitalism, and cosmopolitanism, and illustrate how Patanjali is creating and packaging a language of Hindu/Indian/global branding.