bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Paediatric Pain: Knowledge and Practice of Healthcare Providers at a Tertiary Centre, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Eke G. K. , Briggs D. C. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Many disease processes and interventional procedures in paediatrics are associated with pain. In spite of its frequency, it is undertreated globally, exposing children to the risks of long-term physical and psychological sequelae, which can have adverse effects on future treatments.
Objectives: To ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare providers towards management of paediatric pain at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, a semi-structured and self-administered questionnaire was distributed amongst a convenient sample of physicians and nurses attached to clinical departments/units where children are cared for, and those in educational units, between June and August 2017. Their knowledge and attitude toward pain management were analysed using Epi Info v7 software (CDC, USA).
Results: One hundred and ninety seven subjects participated in the study, 95(48.2%) physicians and 102(51.8%) nurses, all of various cadres. Seventy-four percent of them had more than 5 years working experience. One third of participants (30.4%) could name up to 3 non-pharmacological methods of pain management, of which the commonest were cold compress (48(24.4%) with nurses>physicians), followed by hot compress (38(19%)) and distraction (24(12%)). The commonest procedures for which non-pharmacological interventions of pain management were usually applied included immunisation of infants (20%) and venepuncture (17%) while lumbar puncture was the least (1.5%). Half of respondents (52%) had never prescribed/administered morphine to children.
Conclusion: Healthcare providers had poor knowledge of paediatric pain management. There is an urgent need to build their capacity to enable optimal relief of pain among paediatric patients.
Diabetes Keto-acidosis in Children: A Report of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Mande B. G. , Batina A. S. , Alworonga O. J. , Ngbonda D. N. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: To present features of two cases of diabetes keto-acidosis observed in the Nouveau Village de Pédiatrie, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), between 2014 and 2018.
Cases Presentation: The first case was a male patient, 13 years-old, who arrived with fever, vomiting, polyuria, unconsciousness, respiratory distress and coma. His fasting plasma glucose was 570 mg/dl. Urea nitrogen 56,4 mg/dl; Creatinine 2,1 mg/dl. C reactive protein was 27 mg/l. The treatment of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) was based on insulin, fluids and antibiotics. Despite glycemic normalization, he died with cerebral edema and sepsis. The second case was a female child of 6 years, received with fever, polydipsia, asthenia, polyuria, a familial history of diabetes. Random plasma glucose was 500 mg/dl and C reactive protein 10 mg/l. Despite insulin and antibiotics, her clinical state worsened by a pyelonephritis and pulmonary edema and, probably tuberculosis. She also died.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus type 1 in children, complicated with DKA and sepsis, have worse prognosis. More children death would be avoidable by correct global treatment including insulin and hydro-electrolytic balance to prevent cerebral or pulmonary edema. Children with tuberculosis should realize routine screening for diabetes mellitus and inversely.
Sampling and analysis of airborne ammonia in workplaces of China
Authors: Xu Zhizhen , Guo Ling , Wang Dongxu , Bi Zhe , Fu Zhaohui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
With the increasing demand for the detection of occupational hazard factors in workplaces, the national standard determination method for ammonia (sampling with absorbing solution-analysis with Nessler reagent spectrophotometry) in the air of workplace presents many drawbacks during application in China. This review summarized the improvement and the alternate methods of the current sampling and analysis procedures for ammonia, aiming to provide reference to establish an appropriate method for the determination of ammonia in workplace air.

Methods
Scientific publications in English and Chinese and the standard methods of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in Germany, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States, and Ministry of Health in China for airborne ammonia collection and analysis in the workplace were reviewed.

Results
The measures to improve the current sampling and analysis procedures for ammonia in China were firstly summarized. For sampling, the decrease of absorbing solution concentration and the methanesulfonic acid solution as the alternate sampling solution were suggested. For analysis, the anti-interference measures and the optimum reaction condition between ammonia and Nessler reagent were discussed. The alternate methods including sampling conducted using solid sorbent tubes and analysis performed by ion chromatography were then considered for the determination of ammonia.

Conclusions
The methods—sampling with acid-treated solid sorbent tubes and analysis with ion chromatography—were more suitable for the determination of ammonia in workplace air. However, some details about ammonia sampling and analysis still need further investigation.
Feasibility of the new copper pipe method for evaluating half‐value layer in computed tomography: A measurement and Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Okubo Rena , Matsubara Kosuke , Chusin Thunyarat , Hibino Tomoya , Ito Yusuke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to verify the accuracy of half‐value layer (HVL) measured using the new copper pipe method with the CT ionization chamber while the X‐ray tube is rotating and to compare it with the conventional nonrotating method and Monte Carlo simulation method based on the actual measurement and geometry of the new copper pipe method. HVL was measured while the X‐ray tube was rotating using a CT ionization chamber surrounded by copper pipe absorbers and located at the isocenter of the CT gantry. The exposure as the copper pipe thickness approached 0 mm was extrapolated from the attenuation curve to take the influence of scatter radiation into consideration. The results of the new copper pipe method were compared with those of the other two methods. Data were acquired using two different CT scanners on a single axial scan. The two one‐sided test (TOST) equivalent test yielded equivalence between HVLs derived from the new copper pipe and the nonrotating methods (P < 0.05) and those derived from the new copper pipe and the simulation methods (P < 0.05) at the equivalence margins of ± 0.03 mmCu. The mean absolute difference in HVL between the new copper pipe and conventional nonrotating methods was 0.01 ± 0.02 mmCu, which corresponded to an error of effective energy of (0.86 ± 1.66)%. The new copper pipe method can ensure that HVL of CT scanner can easily be evaluated using solely the CT ionization chamber and copper pipe absorbers without requiring service engineering mode.
Catalytic Metal Foam by Chemical Melting and Sintering of Liquid Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Allioux Francois‐Marie , Merhebi Salma , Tang Jianbo , Idrus‐Saidi Shuhada A. , Abbasi Roozbeh , Saborio Maricruz G. , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Han Jialuo , Namivandi‐Zangeneh Rashin , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Koshy Pramod , Daiyan Rahman , Amal Rose , Boyer Cyrille , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal foams are highly sought‐after porous structures for heterogeneous catalysis, which are fabricated by templating, injecting gas, or admixing blowing agents into a metallic melt at high temperatures. They also require additional catalytic material coating. Here, a low‐melting‐point liquid metal is devised for the single‐step formation of catalytic foams in mild aqueous environments. A hybrid catalytic foam fabrication process is presented via simultaneous chemical foaming, melting, and sintering reaction of liquid metal nanoparticles. As a model, nanoparticles of tertiary low‐melting‐point eutectic alloy of indium, bismuth, and tin (Field's metal) are processed with sodium hydrogen carbonate, an environmentally benign blowing agent. The competing endothermic foaming and exothermic sintering reactions are triggered by an aqueous acidic bath. The overall foaming process occurs at a localized temperature above 200 °C, producing submicron‐ to micron‐sized open‐cell pore foams with conductive cores and semiconducting surface decorations. The catalytic properties of the metal foams are explored for a range of applications including photo‐electrocatalysis, bacteria electrofiltration, and CO2 electroconversion. In particular, the Field's metal‐based foams show exceptional CO2 electrochemical conversion performance at low applied voltages. The facile process presented here can be extended to other low‐temperature post transition and transition metal alloys.
A Cell Membrane‐Targeting Self‐Delivery Chimeric Peptide for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy and In Situ Therapeutic Feedback
Authors: Ma Wen , Sha Sui‐Nan , Chen Pei‐Ling , Yu Meng , Chen Jian‐Jun , Huang Chao‐Bo , Yu Bin , Liu Yun , Liu Li‐Han , Yu Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNowadays, cell membrane‐targeted therapy, which owns high antitumor efficacy by avoiding cell barriers, has received great attention. Here, a cell membrane‐targeted self‐delivery theranostic chimeric peptide CMP‐PpIX is designed for simultaneously targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumor and real‐time therapeutic feedback. Self‐assembled CMP‐PpIX nanoparticles can effectively accumulate in tumor by enhanced permeability and retention effect without additional vector. And this chimeric peptide CMP‐PpIX has low background fluorescence, which is due to its relatively high intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenching efficiency between 5(6)‐carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and 4‐(dimethylaminoazo)‐benzene‐4‐carboxylic acid (Dabcyl). More importantly, CMP‐PpIX can be anchored on the tumor cell membrane for more than 8 h. Under irradiation, reactive oxygen species produced by CMP‐PpIX directly damage cell membrane and rapidly induce apoptosis, which significantly improve the efficacy of PDT in vitro and in vivo. Then, peptide sequence Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp (DEVD) is subsequently cleaved by activated caspase‐3 and activated caspase‐7, which separates the FAM and Dabcyl and terminates the FRET process. Therefore, fluorescence of FAM is recovered to monitor the expression of activated caspase‐3 in vitro and in vivo to feedback real‐time PDT therapeutic efficacy. In general, a novel cell membrane‐targeted self‐delivery theranostic chimeric peptide offers new promise for effective imaging‐guided PDT.
The gaits of marsupials and the evolution of diagonal‐sequence walking in primates
Authors: Cartmill Matt , Brown Kaye , Atkinson Christopher , Cartmill Erica A. , Findley Erica , Gonzalez‐Socoloske Daniel , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Mueller Joanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesDocumenting the variety of quadrupedal walking gaits in a variety of marsupials (arboreal vs. terrestrial, with and without grasping hind feet), to aid in developing and refining a general theory of gait evolution in primates.Materials and MethodsVideo records of koalas, ringtail possums, tree kangaroos, sugar gliders, squirrel gliders, wombats, numbats, quolls, a thylacine, and an opossum walking on a variety of substrates were made and analyzed to derive duty factors and diagonalities for symmetrical walking gaits. The resulting distributions of data points were compared with published data and theories.ResultsTerrestrial marsupials' gaits overwhelmingly plot slightly below the theoretical “horse line” (Cartmill et al., Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2002;136:401–420) typical of terrestrial mammals; arboreal marsupials' gaits overwhelmingly plot more decisively above it. Both distributions are roughly parallel to the horse line, but arboreal animals exhibit increased diagonality, so that their higher‐speed walking gaits overlap with those of typical primates on the Hildebrand diagram of diagonality against duty factor.ConclusionsQuadrupeds avoid gaits lying exactly on the (theoretically optimum) horse line, to avoid fore/hind limb interference (“forging”). This can be accomplished by either a slight reduction in diagonality (“downshifting”) or a more decisive increase (“upshifting”). Tree‐dwellers adopt the second option to eliminate unilateral bipods of support from the gait cycle. The upshifted horse line represents an early phase in the evolution of primate‐like diagonal‐sequence gaits.
Taxonomic variation in the supraorbital region of catarrhine primates
Authors: White Suzanna , Soligo Christophe , Pope Matt , Hillson Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to test the taxonomic utility of the catarrhine supraorbital region using 3D geometric morphometrics, with the aim of establishing its potential use in elucidating the position of more debated hominin groups.Materials and Methods230 3D coordinates were used to record the supraorbital morphology of two datasets: one containing 460 non‐hominin catarrhine primates from species and subspecies of Gorilla, Pan, Papio, and Macaca; and the other containing 55 Pleistocene hominins from Homo, Australopithecus, and Paranthropus. Principal component analyses in tangent, form, and allometry‐free shape space were used to assess differentiation of taxa, with biological distinctiveness of taxa being established using step‐wise discriminant analysis with subsampling.ResultsResults indicated that the recorded supraorbital morphology could be used to separate non‐hominin catarrhine primate genera, species, and subspecies, although accuracy was found to decrease with decreasing Linnaean rank. In addition, analyses in tangent space were found to produce the highest accuracy when classifying primates of known taxonomy. Biological distinctiveness of the middle and later Homo species was comparable to or higher than that of the non‐hominin primates, and relatively lower for the earlier groups of Homo.DiscussionThis study indicates that the supraorbital region preserves taxonomic information that can be used to delineate between closely related groups, both within hominins and wider catarrhine primates. Therefore, this region may be used to provide insight when assessing the taxonomic affiliation of disputed hominin specimens.
Systemic Autoimmune Disease Among Adults Exposed to the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack
Authors: Miller‐Archie Sara A. , Izmirly Peter M. , Berman Jessica R. , Brite Jennifer , Walker Deborah J. , Dasilva Renato C. , Petrsoric Lysa J. , Cone James E. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveAutoimmune disease is an emerging condition among persons exposed to the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center (WTC). Components of the dust cloud resulting from the collapse of the WTC have been associated with development of a systemic autoimmune disease, as has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We undertook this study to determine whether dust exposure and PTSD were associated with an increased risk of systemic autoimmune disease in a 9/11‐exposed cohort.MethodsAmong 43,133 WTC Health Registry enrollees, 2,786 self‐reported having a post‐9/11 systemic autoimmune disease. We obtained informed consent to review medical records to validate systemic autoimmune disease diagnoses for 1,041 enrollees. Diagnoses of systemic autoimmune diseases were confirmed by classification criteria, rheumatologist diagnosis, or having been prescribed systemic autoimmune disease medication. Controls were enrollees who denied having an autoimmune disease diagnosis (n = 37,017). We used multivariable log‐binomial regression to examine the association between multiple 9/11 exposures and risk of post‐9/11 systemic autoimmune disease, stratifying by responders (rescue, recovery, and clean‐up workers) and community members (e.g., residents, area workers).ResultsWe identified 118 persons with systemic autoimmune disease. Rheumatoid arthritis was most frequent (n = 71), followed by Sjӧgren's syndrome (n = 22), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 20), myositis (n = 9), mixed connective tissue disease (n = 7), and scleroderma (n = 4). Among 9/11 responders, those with intense dust cloud exposure had almost twice the risk of systemic autoimmune disease (adjusted risk ratio 1.86 [95% confidence interval 1.02–3.40]). Community members with PTSD had a nearly 3‐fold increased risk of systemic autoimmune disease.ConclusionIntense dust cloud exposure among responders and PTSD among community members were associated with a statistically significant increased risk of new‐onset systemic autoimmune disease. Clinicians treating 9/11 survivors should be aware of the potential increased risk of systemic autoimmune disease in this population.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free C‐N Coupling Reactions: Selective Diheteroarylation of Amines with 2‐Halobenzimidazoles
Authors: Sang Wei , Gavi Ayao Jean , Yu Bao‐Yi , Cheng Hua , Yuan Ye , Wu Yuan , Lommens Petra , Chen Cheng , Verpoort Francis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2‐Aminobenzimidazoles are widely present in a number of bioactive molecules. Generally, the preparation of these molecules could be realized by the mono‐substitution of 2‐halobenzimidazoles with amines. However, rare examples were reported for the di‐substituted products and the selectivity of mono‐ vs. di‐substitution was relatively low. Considering the potential values of the di‐substituted products, we accomplished the first selective diheteroarylation of amines with 2‐halobenzimidazoles. Notably, this Pd‐catalyzed transformation was realized under ligand‐free conditions. Accordingly, numerous target products were efficiently produced from various aromatic or aliphatic amines and 2‐halobenzimidazoles. It was worth noting that two representative products were further confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. More significantly, this catalytic process could be applied to the synthesis and discovery of new bioactive compounds, which demonstrated the synthetic usefulness of this newly developed approach.
Galaxy rotation curve from classical Cepheids
Authors: Gnaciński Piotr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe galaxy rotation curve is usually assumed to be flat. However, some galaxies have rotation curves that are lower than the flat rotation curve. In our galaxy, the Keplerian rotation of interstellar clouds in the galactic longitude l = 135° was observed. We use a kinematic approach to derive the rotational velocity of classical Cepheids. The rotational velocity was calculated from radial velocity and from proper motion. The derived rotational velocities of Cepheids are between Keplerian rotation and the flat one. We fit a galaxy rotation model consisting of a black hole, bulge, disk, and halo to the rotation curve. The density of dark matter halo is at least 60% less than the value obtained from the flat rotation curve.
Extraction and UHPLC–DAD detection of undeclared substances in market‐available dietary supplements and slimming products in Eastern region, Saudi Arabia: An application of principal component analysis
Authors: Ahmad Rizwan , Ahmad Niyaz , AlHudaithi Nourah , AlHebshi Asmaa , Bukhari Areej 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDietary supplements (DS) containing undeclared substances may pose serious risk to s public health. The consumers of DS should be aware of such products in order to avoid the risk of fatal outcomes.Aim of the studyThe study is based on the determination and identification of undeclared substances – theobromine (TB), theophylline (TH), pseudoephedrine (PE), caffeine (C), hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) and yohimbine (Y) – in market‐available DS.Material and methodsUltra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UHPLC–DAD) was utilized to identify and quantify the presence of undeclared substances, in 52 different DS collected from the market.ResultsA fast and reliable UHPLC–DAD method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of the analyte where an efficient separation was achieved within 7 min runtime (TB 1.47, TH 1.79, PE 2.08, C 2.26, HTZ 3.78, Y 6.50) with resolution >1.5. The method validation produced r2 values ranging from 0.975 to 0.999 within a linearity range of 1–300 ppm. The UHPLC method revealed the presence of undeclared substances in 11 samples (HD3, HD4, HD9, HD13, HD14, HD15, HD21, HD24, HD27, HD38 and HD40), where the most widely distributed analyte was PE and C. The analyte found to have the highes concentrations (mg) in these DS were PE (11) and C (2.01). Among the 52 DS products tested, the product HD3 revealed a greater number and amount (mg) of undeclared substances, i.e. TH (0.05), C (2.01), HTZ (0.37) and Y (0.05), followed by HD14, i.e. PE (9.31), C (0.40), HTZ (0.01) and HD9 PE (11.00), C (0.41).ConclusionThe abundance of undeclared substances in these DS products was PE > C > Y > HTZ. None of the DS contained TB whereas TH was present in only one sample.
Environmental support programmes for small businesses: A systematic literature review
Authors: Oguntoye Olamide , Quartey Samuel Howard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of the performance of environmental support programmes for small businesses. With growing interests in promoting environmental sustainability among small businesses, developing a better understanding of environmental support programmes has become critical. Previous studies have investigated specific cases of environmental support programmes for small businesses. However, their findings are yet to be galvanised in a manner that improves our understanding of environmental support programmes for small businesses. This study addresses the gap in the literature by systematically reviewing 25 key journal articles and synthesizing their main findings. The findings from the deductive thematic analysis revealed that support provider/sponsor, client context, programme scope, capacity development, complementary support, service delivery network, and regulation influence the performance of environmental support programmes for small businesses. These findings highlight the ongoing efforts in developing and developed countries to promote environmental practices in small businesses. We, therefore, encourage sustainability and small business researchers to go beyond the design and implementation and focus more attention on how to improve the performance of environmental support programmes for small businesses.
Gaining sustainable development by green supply chain innovation: Perspectives of specific investments and stakeholder engagement
Authors: Wu Aihua , Li Tianfu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite general attention has been given to sustainable development and green innovation, little empirical effort has been made to explore the factors influencing green innovation performance in the context of supply chain relationships, especially in emerging countries like China. To address this research gap, from the perspectives of specific investments, we examine the role of specific investments in relation to the outcome of green supply chain innovation. Drawing on knowledge management theory, we propose that knowledge transfer plays a mediating role underlying the relationship. On the basis of the stakeholder involvement theory, we argue that partner social responsibility plays moderating roles not only in specific investments—green supply chain innovation performance link—but also in the link of knowledge transfer and performance. We tested the proposed relationships with a sample consisted of 331 questionnaires and validated responses from 187 high‐tech firms in China. The results generally support the proposed hypotheses, and the integrative model—moderated mediation—is also supported. As such, this study contributes to understand about how specific investments affect the performance of green supply chain innovation, providing new insights on stakeholder involvement and knowledge transfer in green supply chain innovation management.