bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of hemodynamic signals from GCaMP fluorescence measured with wide-field imaging
Authors: Valley M. T. , Moore M. G. , Zhuang J. , Mesa N. , Castelli D. , Sullivan D. , Reimers M. , Waters J. 
Published: November 2019

Wide-field calcium imaging is often used to measure brain dynamics in behaving mice. With a large field of view and a high sampling rate, wide-field imaging can monitor activity from several distant cortical areas simultaneously, revealing cortical interactions. Interpretation of wide-field images is complicated, however, by the absorption of light by hemoglobin, which can substantially affect the measured fluorescence. One approach to separating hemodynamics and calcium signals is to use multiwavelength backscatter recordings to measure light absorption by hemoglobin. Following this approach, we develop a spatially detailed regression-based method to estimate hemodynamics. This Spatial Model is based on a linear form of the Beer–Lambert relationship but is fit at every pixel in the image and does not rely on the estimation of physical parameters. In awake mice of three transgenic lines, the Spatial Model offers improved separation of hemodynamics and changes in GCaMP fluorescence. The improvement is pronounced near blood vessels and, in contrast with the Beer–Lambert equations, can remove vascular artifacts along the sagittal midline and in general permits more accurate fluorescence-based determination of neuronal activity across the cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This paper addresses a well-known and strong source of contamination in wide-field calcium-imaging data: hemodynamics. To guide researchers toward the best method to separate calcium signals from hemodynamics, we compare the performance of several methods in three commonly used mouse lines and present a novel regression model that outperforms the other techniques we consider.
Binocular 3D otolith-ocular reflexes: responses of chinchillas to prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting the utricle and saccule
Authors: Hageman Kristin N. , Chow Margaret R. , Roberts Dale , Boutros Peter J. , Tooker Angela , Lee Kye , Felix Sarah , Pannu Satinderpall S. , Haque Razi , Della Santina Charles C. 
Published: November 2019

From animal experiments by Cohen and Suzuki et al. in the 1960s to the first-in-human clinical trials now in progress, prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting semicircular canal branches of the vestibular nerve has proven effective at driving directionally appropriate vestibulo-ocular reflex eye movements, postural responses, and perception. That work was considerably facilitated by the fact that all hair cells and primary afferent neurons in each canal have the same directional sensitivity to head rotation, the three canals’ ampullary nerves are geometrically distinct from one another, and electrically evoked three-dimensional (3D) canal-ocular reflex responses approximate a simple vector sum of linearly independent components representing relative excitation of each of the three canals. In contrast, selective prosthetic stimulation of the utricle and saccule has been difficult to achieve, because hair cells and afferents with many different directional sensitivities are densely packed in those endorgans and the relationship between 3D otolith-ocular reflex responses and the natural and/or prosthetic stimuli that elicit them is more complex. As a result, controversy exists regarding whether selective, controllable stimulation of electrically evoked otolith-ocular reflexes (eeOOR) is possible. Using micromachined, planar arrays of electrodes implanted in the labyrinth, we quantified 3D, binocular eeOOR responses to prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals of alert chinchillas. Stimuli delivered via near-bipolar electrode pairs near the maculae elicited sustained ocular countertilt responses that grew reliably with pulse rate and pulse amplitude, varied in direction according to which stimulating electrode was employed, and exhibited temporal dynamics consistent with responses expected for isolated macular stimulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY As the second in a pair of papers on Binocular 3D Otolith-Ocular Reflexes, this paper describes new planar electrode arrays and vestibular prosthesis architecture designed to target the three semicircular canals and the utricle and saccule. With this technological advancement, electrically evoked otolith-ocular reflexes due to stimulation via utricle- and saccule-targeted electrodes were recorded in chinchillas. Results demonstrate advances toward achieving selective stimulation of the utricle and saccule.
Dual-Mechanism ERK1/2 Inhibitors Exploit a Distinct Binding Mode to Block Phosphorylation and Nuclear Accumulation of ERK1/2
Authors: Kidger Andrew M. , Munck Joanne M. , Saini Harpreet K. , Balmanno Kathryn , Minihane Emma , Courtin Aurelie , Graham Brent , O'Reilly Marc , Odle Richard , Cook Simon J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer due to activating mutations of growth factor receptors, RAS or BRAF. Both RAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors are clinically approved and various ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) are currently undergoing clinical trials. To date, ERKi display two distinct mechanisms of action (MoA): catalytic ERKi solely inhibit ERK1/2 catalytic activity, whereas dual mechanism ERKi additionally prevents the activating phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at its T-E-Y motif by MEK1/2. These differences may impart significant differences in biological activity because T-E-Y phosphorylation is the signal for nuclear entry of ERK1/2, allowing them to access many key transcription factor targets. Here, we characterized the MoA of five ERKi and examined their functional consequences in terms of ERK1/2 signaling, gene expression, and antiproliferative efficacy. We demonstrate that catalytic ERKi promote a striking nuclear accumulation of p-ERK1/2 in KRAS-mutant cell lines. In contrast, dual-mechanism ERKi exploits a distinct binding mode to block ERK1/2 phosphorylation by MEK1/2, exhibit superior potency, and prevent the nuclear accumulation of ERK1/2. Consequently, dual-mechanism ERKi exhibit more durable pathway inhibition and enhanced suppression of ERK1/2-dependent gene expression compared with catalytic ERKi, resulting in increased efficacy across BRAF- and RAS-mutant cell lines.
Making the ‘Mughal’ Soldier: Ethnicity, Identification, and Documentary Culture in Southern India, c. 1600-1700
Authors: Dayal Subah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article evaluates provincial documentary culture in the Deccan (south-central India) prior to the incorporation of this region into Mughal Hindustan in 1687. It investigates the production and content of ʿarz-o-chehrah (muster rolls), one among many documentary genres that verified the Mughal soldier and his horse circulating on the front lines of uncertain conquest. From these materials, a previous generation of scholars distilled a taxonomy of self-contained “sub-national or ethnic” or “racial” groups (“Irani,” “Turani,” “Afghan,” “Rajput,” “Deccani,” “Indian Muslim,” and “Miscellaneous”) that confirmed narratives about the Mughal nobility found in chronicle histories. However, these modern construals of “ethnicity” remain difficult to map onto the actual ones found on descriptive rolls nor do they tell us how everyday interactions between provincial scribes and the soldier-subject transformed these categories. Social identifications underwent changes when imperial officials, scribes, and soldiers shared a war front with the armies of the regional, independent Deccan sultanates. Finer degrees of specificity characterized “northern” soldiers’ labels while “southern” cavalry were defined through broad, essentialized groupings, reflecting the changing profiles of cavalry recruitment. By analyzing social identifications, this article charts the making of a pan-subcontinent system of soldier recruitment wherein the state-making processes of northern and southern India began to mirror each other, widening the ways of defining and seeing the ‘Mughal’ soldier. This unique piece of paper bound two individual creatures, man and horse, whose identities were both separate and united, into a mutually-dependent relationship. These double portraits of man and horse functioned as proxies for pay slips and not simply as pre-modern identification cards. In doing so, they also provide a window into one instance of the uneven, ambiguous professionalization of mercenary-soldiers taking place across the early modern world.
The Jewish Ahl al-Adab of al-Andalus
Authors: Decter Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article studies the use of adab and related terminology among medieval Jewish authors with particular attention to shifts in cultural and religious sensibilities, matters of group cohesion and self-definition, and the contours of adab discourse across religious boundaries. The article demonstrates that, although Jews in the Islamic East in the tenth century internalized adab as a cultural concept, it was in al-Andalus that Jews first self-consciously presented themselves as udabā. The article focuses on works of Judeo-Arabic biblical exegesis, grammar, and poetics as well as Hebrew poetry composed after the style of Arabic poetry.
Good White People: Settler Colonial Anxiety and the Endurance of Racism
Authors: Slater Lisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The focus of this essay is the racialised political emotions of ‘good white people’. I examine what Berlant names ‘public feelings’, focusing on the way emotional states are part of communal experiences. My interest is Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ repeated calls for mainstream Australia to genuinely engage with political and cultural difference, and listen. Such claims often make ‘good white people’ anxious. They protest, insist they are trying but don’t know what to do. Good white people’s anxiety is much more telling than the stories that are told about bad racists. Thus, it is a productive site to analyse the cultural dynamics of settler–Indigenous relations, and to understand how race structures Australian culture and the endurance of racism.
“The good and evill dayes of the moneth to worke in”: Lunaries in European Magic Manuscripts
Authors: Chardonnens László Sándor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hemerology, the study of the auspicious and inauspicious qualities of time, plays a role in the astral magic that entered medieval European magic from Arabic sources, although in other areas of magic it seems to have been less present. Yet in three isolated and independent cases from fifteenth-century Germany and early modern England, lunaries, a type of hemerology that originated from the field of divination and prognostication, were adapted to introduce hemerological aspects to a variety of magical practices. These lunaries are here published and analyzed in light of their mantic origins and recontextualized magic uses.
Genethlialogy, Katarchoscopy, and Astrological Authorities in John Tzetzes’s Allegories of the “Iliad”
Authors: Komorowska Joanna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In his Allegoriae Iliadis, John Tzetzes makes frequent use of contemporary astrological teachings: he references planetary aspects, transits, and the respective positions of luminaries, and several important passages of the Iliad are treated as openly astrological in nature. In Tzetzes’s poem, both life and death are decided by changing positions of stars, Alexander (Paris) is favored by Aphrodite (the planet Venus), and Hector is protected by Zeus (the planet Jupiter). The idea of royal birth (or imperial horoscope) plays an important part in Tzetzes’s exploration of the myth of Heracles, and the tropical nature of the sign of Libra, due to the sun’s entry into it at the autumnal equinox, is reflected in the (non-)efficiency of the Greek ramparts. This article considers these references to astrological lore against the wider background of the surviving Fachliteratur and thus seeks to provide insight into Tzetzes’s attitude toward astrology, and, simultaneously, into his own knowledge of the lore.
Incorporation and Use of Earth Remote Sensing Imagery within the NOAA/NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit
Authors: Molthan Andrew L. , Schultz Lori A. , McGrath Kevin M. , Burks Jason E. , Camp J. Parks , Angle Kelsey , Bell Jordan R. , Jedlovec Gary J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSevere weather events including tornadoes, damaging winds, hail, and their combination produce changes in land surface vegetation and urban settings that are frequently observed through remote sensing. Capabilities continue to improve through a growing constellation of governmental and commercial assets, increasing the spatial resolution of visible, near to shortwave infrared, and thermal infrared remote sensing. Here, we highlight cases where visual interpretation of imagery benefitted severe weather damage assessments made within the NOAA/NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit. Examples demonstrate utility of imagery in assessing tracks and changes in remote areas where staffing limitations or access prevent a ground-based assessment.
Precipitation Extremes: Trends and Relationships with Average Precipitation and Precipitable Water in the Contiguous United States
Authors: Kunkel Kenneth E. , Karl Thomas R. , Squires Michael F. , Yin Xungang , Stegall Steve T. , Easterling David R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTrends of extreme precipitation (EP) using various combinations of average return intervals (ARIs) of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 years with durations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days were calculated regionally across the contiguous United States. Changes in the sign of the trend of EP vary by region as well as by ARI and duration, despite the statistically significant upward trends for all combinations of EP thresholds when area averaged across the contiguous United States. Spatially, there is a pronounced east-to-west gradient in the trends of the EP with strong upward trends east of the Rocky Mountains. In general, upward trends are larger and more significant for longer ARIs, but the contribution to the trend in total seasonal and annual precipitation is significantly larger for shorter ARIs because they occur more frequently. Across much of the contiguous United States, upward trends of warm-season EP are substantially larger than those for the cold season and have a substantially greater effect on the annual trend in total precipitation. This result occurs even in areas where the total precipitation is nearly evenly divided between the cold and warm seasons. When compared with short-duration events, long-duration events—for example, 30 days—contribute the most to annual trends. Coincident statistically significant upward trends of EP and precipitable water (PW) occur in many regions, especially during the warm season. Increases in PW are likely to be one of several factors responsible for the increase in EP (and average total precipitation) observed in many areas across the contiguous United States.
Atmospheric Circulation Response to Short-Term Arctic Warming in an Idealized Model
Authors: Hell Momme C. , Schneider Tapio , Li Camille 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent Arctic sea ice loss in fall has been posited to drive midlatitude circulation changes into winter and even spring. Past work has shown that sea ice loss can indeed trigger a weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex, which can lead to delayed surface weather changes. But the mechanisms of such changes and their relevant time scales have remained unclear. This study uses large ensembles of idealized GCM simulations to identify how and over what time scales the atmospheric circulation responds to short-term surface heat flux changes in high latitudes. The ensemble-mean response of the atmospheric circulation is approximately linear in the amplitude of the surface forcing. It is also insensitive to whether the forcing is zonally asymmetric or symmetric, that is, whether stationary waves are generated or not. The circulation response can be decomposed into a rapid thermal response and a slower dynamic adjustment. The adjustment arises through weakening of vertical wave activity fluxes from the troposphere into the stratosphere in response to polar warming, a mechanism that differs from sudden stratospheric warmings yet still results in a weakened stratospheric circulation. The stratospheric response is delayed and persists for about 2 months because the thermal response of the stratosphere is slow compared with that of the troposphere. The delayed stratospheric response feeds back onto the troposphere, but the tropospheric effects are weak compared with natural variability. The general pathway for the delayed response appears to be relatively independent of the atmospheric background state at the time of the anomalous surface forcing.
Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for the Reversal of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Zada Ilanit , Wang Shan , Akerman Meredith , Hanna Adel 
Published: November 2019

Background: The prevalence of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has increased with continued evidence of their efficacy and ease of use. However, the rise in their utilization also surfaced a concern regarding their reversal in patients actively bleeding and/or those requiring invasive procedures. Up until 2018, there were several reversal options available including 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4-factor PCC), activated charcoal, desmopressin, and tranexamic acid. Then, in 2018, andexanet alpha, a recombinant factor Xa, was approved for the reversal of apixaban and rivaroxaban in patients with life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding. Nonetheless, because 4-factor PCC is more easily attainable and cost-effective, it continues to be the more favorable option for many health-care professionals. Methods: This retrospective chart review was conducted at NYU Winthrop Hospital in patients who received 4-factor PCC for the reversal of DOACs from January 2018 to July 2018. Patient charts were reviewed and relevant data was collected (admitting diagnosis, dose of 4-factor PCC utilized, etc). Results: Fifty-three patients were evaluated with 85% experiencing a positive response and complete recovery following the administration of 4-factor PCC; 8 (15%) patients died after receiving 4-factor PCC, none as a result of its administration; 3 patients died secondary to other underlying comorbidities, 4 patients died due to an intracranial hemorrhage, and 1 died due to hematoma of the tongue. Conclusion: Based on the results thus far, the use of 4-factor PCC may be a good treatment option in patients requiring DOAC reversal.
Blood Glucose Levels and Mortality in Patients With Sepsis: Dose–Response Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Wang Wen , Chen Wenwen , Liu Yanmei , Li Ling , Li Sheyu , Tan Jing , Sun Xin 
Published: November 2019

Background: We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between blood glucose levels and mortality in patients with sepsis. Methods: Medline and EMBASE were searched from inception to April 8, 2018. Cohort studies or case–control studies reported the association between blood glucose and mortality in patients with sepsis were selected. Study characteristics, baseline characteristics, definition of hyperglycemia, and outcomes of interest were extracted. We performed a dose–response meta-analysis to assess the effect of blood glucose level on mortality. We also conducted meta-analysis for patients with or without diabetes separately. Results: Ten cohort studies involving 26 429 patients were included, of which 5 were prospective studies and 5 retrospective studies. Dose–response analysis showed that the effect of blood glucose on mortality may differ in patients with versus without diabetes. There was a U-shaped relationship for patients with diabetes and a J-shaped relationship for patients without diabetes, with blood glucose at 145 to 155 mg/dL corresponding to lowest mortality both in patients with and without diabetes. Conclusions: Current evidence suggested U-shaped relationship between blood glucose and mortality in all patients irrespective of their diabetes status. Diabetic patients with blood glucose below 145 mg/dL may have poorer prognosis compared to patients without established diabetes.
Multimodal imaging of poppers maculopathy
Authors: Romano Francesco , Arrigo Alessandro , Sperti Andrea , Bandello Francesco , Battaglia Parodi Maurizio 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To describe a case of poppers maculopathy by means of multimodal imaging. Methods: A 26-year-old male presented to our Department in April 2018 with a history of visual disturbances. He underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and ultra-widefield fundus photograph. Results: At baseline, the patient presented a visual acuity of 20/25 Snellen bilaterally, with an altered foveal reflex on funduscopic examination. Structural optical coherence tomography showed disruption of the outer retinal layers in both eyes. After 6-month observation, the status of the outer retinal layers on optical coherence tomography and his vision (20/20) appeared improved. In this occasion, we performed optical coherence tomography angiography that revealed clear and persisting choriocapillaris alterations. Upon further interrogation, he admitted the episodic use of poppers, hence leading to the diagnosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that microvascular toxicity at the level of choriocapillaris may act as primary pathogenetic insult in poppers maculopathy.
C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Value
Authors: Zhou Qiang-ping , Li Xiu-jiang 
Published: November 2019

Background: The relationship between pretreatment C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) and colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis has been extensively studied in various tumors. However, little is known on CAR and its association with prognosis in CRC. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment CAR in CRC. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases for eligible studies evaluating the associations of CAR with survival and/or clinicopathology of CRC. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and clinicopathological features were synthesized and compared. Results: Nine studies including 3431 patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that elevated pretreatment CAR was associated with poor OS (pooled hazards ratio [HR]: 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-2.78, P < .001) and DFS/RFS (pooled HR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.40-3.98, P < .001). Moreover, elevated pretreatment CARs were correlated with male patients, large tumor diameter, late III-IV tumor node metastasis stage tumors, high serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and presence of lymphatic invasion and venous invasion. Conclusion: Elevated pretreatment CAR could be an adverse prognostic indicator in patients with CRC.