bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the quality of sewage sludge as an agricultural soil amendment in Mediterranean habitats
Authors: Romanos Dany , Nemer Nabil , Khairallah Yara , Abi Saab Marie Thérèse 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Municipal sewage sludge generated from three operational wastewater treatment plants, located in the Bekaa valley of Lebanon, was assessed for its potential use as agricultural soil amendment.

Methods
Sludge samples were taken from three treatment plants located in the villages of Iaat, Ablah and Joub Jannine during the summer season of 2018, from June to September, on a monthly basis. The evaluation was based on characterizing the physicochemical parameters such as the metal content, the pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella, E.Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Helminth eggs, Ascaris, Acinetobacter) and the phytotoxicity–stability indicators of the sludge samples.

Results
The obtained results were compared to the Lebanese guidelines for sludge reuse in agriculture. For the physicochemical analysis, all the samples showed a possibility to be used in agriculture due to the high content of minerals and organic matter. Considering the metal content of sludge, Iaat and Ablah sludge were classified as Class A according to the Lebanese guidelines; however, sludge from Joub Janine was classified as B due to its high content of zinc that exceeded the limit of 700 ppm. Helminth eggs and Salmonella were absent in the sludge samples. Pathogenic organisms, mainly E. coli, were detected in Iaat dry sludge, Staphylococcus aureus was present in Joub Jannine sludge and Acinetobacter in Ablah station (> 100 CFU/100 g).

Conclusion
It is recommended to submit the sludge which did not meet the required criteria, for further treatments, particularly the composting process to reduce the metal content and pathogenic microorganisms for a safer reuse in agriculture.
Estimation of serum neopterin level as an early marker for detecting severe dengue infection
Authors: Chandrashekhar Channanayaka , Balaji Korrayi , Vasudev Prajwala Hassan , Panachiyil George Mathew , Babu Tirin 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the role of neopterin in the early assessment of dengue severity in children of age one month to 18 years admitted for fever and confirmed by dengue serology.MethodTwo sets of samples were collected from 77 confirmed dengue patients aged one month to 18 years for serum neopterin determination. The first sample was collected at 2-3 days of fever onset, and the second sample was collected at 24–36 h after the first sample was collected and followed up cases and correlated serum neopterin levels.ResultsAmong the 77 patients enrolled, 19 were diagnosed with severe dengue, 15 patients as having dengue with warning signs, and 43 patients as having dengue fever.ConclusionIn this study, we found that the serum neopterin levels were significantly higher in the severe dengue category (mean: 58.75(±4.91) nmol/l) than in the non-severe dengue category (mean: 48.11(±8.80) nmol/l). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between neopterin concentration and duration of fever hence, higher serum neopterin levels may indicate dengue severity. The determination of serum neopterin concentration may be used for the early assessment of severe dengue.
Evidence-based perioperative management of patients with high serum potassium level in resource-limited areas: A systematic review
Authors: Lema Girmay Fitiwi , Tesema Hailemariam Getachew , Fentie Demeke Yilkal , Arefayne Nurhussien Rizke 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Search engines like PubMed through HINARI, Cochrane database, GoogleScholar and ScienceDirect were used to find high-level evidence that helps to draw appropriate conclusions. Potassium is a critical electrolyte for cellular functions and its serum concentration must be precisely maintained between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq/L.
A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to identify and optimise high risk surgical patients prone to hyperkalemia during preoperative assessment. Elective surgery should be deferred in patients with serum potassium level >6 mEq/L during and appropriate management should be initiated.
Given the variable presentation of hyperkalemia, clinicians should have high index of suspicion of potassium disorders among patients with chronic kidney disease, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, burns, recent major trauma and blood transfusion. In high risk surgical patients with a normal range of serum potassium level drugs like suxamethonium and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be avoided. Goal direct fluid regimes with 0.9% normal saline, a high threshold for blood transfusion and tight glycemic controlled are recommended. IV calcium gluconate, insulin -dextrose regime and diuretics are the main therapeutic options in patients with severe hyperkalemia.

Highlights:
How is the outcome of primary difficult total hip arthroplasty? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dilogo Ismail Hadisoebroto , Fahrudhin Muh Trinugroho , Canintika Anissa Feby 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the most common surgery for lower extremities. Improvement in surgical technique and advancement of surgical instrumentation extended the indications for difficult THA in previously impossible to treat.

Methods:
81 primary THA procedures were performed in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital during the period from January 2012 to June 2017. Subjects consisted of 29 and 52 patients in the difficult and simple group, respectively. Intraoperative parameters including bleeding volume, operation time, complication rate, radiological outcome and functional outcome (Harris Hip Score) were recorded at the end of follow-up and analysed.

Results:
The difficult group had significantly higher bleeding volume (p < 0.001), longer operation time (p < 0.001), and higher complication rate (p=<0.012), higher than the simple group. Radiological outcome was measured by the accuracy of component orientation placement in the safe zone resulted in no significant difference between two groups (p = 0,333). Functional outcome at the end of followup in the difficult group (88.67) did not have significant difference (p = 0.080) with the simple group (91.50).

Conclusions:
Those with difficult hips did not have significant difference in terms of radiologic and functional outcome compared with the simple hips. It is necessary to identify each primary THA procedures whether there were any, types and levels of difficulties that would be faced intraoperatively in order to improve preoperative planning so the outcome would be optimal.

Highlights:
Individualized clinical management of patients at risk for Alzheimer's dementia
Authors: Isaacson Richard S. , Hristov Hollie , Saif Nabeel , Hackett Katherine , Hendrix Suzanne , Melendez Juan , Safdieh Joseph , Fink Matthew , Thambisetty Madhav , Sadek George , Bellara Sonia , Lee Paige , Berkowitz Cara , Rahman Aneela , Meléndez‐Cabrero Josefina , Caesar Emily , Cohen Randy , Lu Pei‐lin , Dickson Samuel P. , Hwang Mu Ji , Scheyer Olivia , Mureb Monica , Schelke Matthew W. , Niotis Kellyann , Greer Christine E. , Attia Peter , Mosconi Lisa , Krikorian Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionMultidomain intervention for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk reduction is an emerging therapeutic paradigm.MethodsPatients were prescribed individually tailored interventions (education/pharmacologic/nonpharmacologic) and rated on compliance. Normal cognition/subjective cognitive decline/preclinical AD was classified as Prevention. Mild cognitive impairment due to AD/mild‐AD was classified as Early Treatment. Change from baseline to 18 months on the modified Alzheimer's Prevention Cognitive Composite (primary outcome) was compared against matched historical control cohorts. Cognitive aging composite (CogAging), AD/cardiovascular risk scales, and serum biomarkers were secondary outcomes.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐four were assigned interventions (age 25–86). Higher‐compliance Prevention improved more than both historical cohorts (P = .0012, P < .0001). Lower‐compliance Prevention also improved more than both historical cohorts (P = .0088, P < .0055). Higher‐compliance Early Treatment improved more than lower compliance (P = .0007). Higher‐compliance Early Treatment improved more than historical cohorts (P < .0001, P = .0428). Lower‐compliance Early Treatment did not differ (P = .9820, P = .1115). Similar effects occurred for CogAging. AD/cardiovascular risk scales and serum biomarkers improved.DiscussionIndividualized multidomain interventions may improve cognition and reduce AD/cardiovascular risk scores in patients at‐risk for AD dementia.
Anal mycobacterial infections†
Authors: Fillmann Lúcio Sarubbi , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi , Fillmann Laura Pinho , Micheletto Lana Becker , Hoefel Michel , Marçal Josenel Maria Barcelos , Bringhenti Rafael Nazario 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Mycobacterial infections are a serious public health problem worldwide. Involvement of the anal canal and perineum is very rare, but constitute an important differential diagnosis with other equally serious pathologies that may affect the region, such as malignant neoplasms and Crohn’s disease.
Objectives To conduct a literature review on mycobacterial infections of the perianal region considering the most recent information for diagnostic and therapeutic guidance of this disease.
Methods Research was performed on the PUBMED and LILACS databases with the expressions Mycobacterium, Anal, Infection and Tuberculosis. We reviewed articles referring to series of treated cases, clinical reports and literature review published since 2005.
Results Information was compiled on the epidemiology of mycobacterial infections; the clinical behavior of affected individuals; diagnostic options and their validity in clinical practice; and, finally, therapeutic options.
Conclusions Mycobacterial infections of the anus and perineum are rare. The most common clinical presentations are the presence of ulceration and fistulization. The diagnosis involves more than one procedure for identifying the bacilli and should consider the presence of manifestations in more than one organ. The treatment is based on pharmacological intervention. Surgery is recommended for acute complications or chronic sequelae of the disease.
Epidemiological profile of patients with fistula in ano
Authors: Fugita Fabiano Roberto , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Ribeiro Carlos Otávio da Silva 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rationale There is a lack of consistent national data on the evaluation of the epidemiological profile of patients with anal fistula.
Objective To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with anal fistula at a center specialized in coloproctology.
Method A cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out between 2016 and 2018 of patients who underwent surgical procedures for the treatment of fistula in ano by the Department of Coloproctology of the Regional Hospital of Mato Grosso do Sul. Age, gender, disease duration, number of procedures, association with Crohn's disease and other comorbidities were evaluated. The data were tabulated and submitted to statistical treatment considering p < 0.05.
Results 93.2% of the patients were less than 60 years old, 66.7% were male, 88.9% had the disease less than one year, the most frequent procedures were fistulotomy (55.6%) and fistulectomy (36.8%), with a greater percentage of patients having undergone only one procedure (74.4%), 8.5% had Crohn’s disease, 7.7% systemic hypertension and 3.4% had diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion In the studied group, there was a predominance of anal fistulae in men under 60 years old and without comorbidities, diagnosed for up to one year, most of them submitted to fistulotomy or fistulectomy at one time. Patients operated after one year of illness and also those with Crohn’s disease were submitted mainly to curettage + seton and multiple procedures.
One hundred citation classics in benign anorectal disease: a bibliometric analysis of seven decades (1950–2019)
Authors: Hureibi Khalid A. , Elzaidi Elgeilani M. , Suindar Osama Al , Wong Ling S. , Williams Nigel M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background & aim Bibliometric analysis is used to explore the historical development in a particular field. The aim is to identify and analyse most cited papers in benign anorectal disease in the last 7 decades (1950–2018).
Method Thomson Reuters Web of Science database was used to find the top 100 cited articles in benign anorectal conditions. Papers were independently extracted by two investigators. The top 100 cited articles were identified and ranked according to number of citations. The articles were then sorted by author, journal, institution, country and publication date. The study subject was divided into 5 groups.
Results The most frequently cited article received 1307 citations whereas the least cited received 154 citations. The earliest recorded article was published in 1960 and the most recent was from 2010. More than half of the articles addressed faecal incontinence and sphincter related literature (n = 54). The articles were published in 29 different journals. A majority (69%) of manuscripts originated from the USA (n = 35; 9221 citations) and UK (n = 34; 7796 citations). The origin of these top 100 classic papers was from 53 different institutions. St. Mark's Hospital in the UK had the highest number of articles (n = 21), followed by Cleveland clinic (n = 5) and University of Minnesota (n = 5).
Conclusion The most highly cited manuscripts in benign anorectal disease cover a wide range of topics. Faecal incontinence and sphincter related articles had the highest number of citations. This review serves as a reference for researchers to find the influential papers in this field.
Comparison between conventional and structured magnetic resonance imaging reports in perianal fistula
Authors: Barbosa Paula Carolinada Silveira Pozzi , Camilo Denise Maria Rissato , Nunes Thiago Franchi , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Nakamura Diogo Iengo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rationale Very often magnetic resonance imaging is used in the study of complex anal fistulae, but conventional reports may contribute little to what really matters to the coloproctologist.
Objective To compare the clarity and usefulness of the conventional report compared to structured magnetic resonance imaging in cases of anal fistula.
Method 30 magnetic resonance exams already performed with an evaluation of anal fistula were again evaluated without the radiologist having access to the old report and a new structured report was prepared. Five proctologists evaluated the 30 conventional and 30 structured reports and answered questionnaires with eight questions comparing their practical aspects. The results were tabulated and submitted to statistical treatment considering a significant p< 0.05.
Results There was a statistically significant difference in favor of the structured report in the questions “clearly defines whether it is an active fistula or fibrosis”, “clearly states whether the tract is single or multiple”, “whether the patient has anal fistula or not”. The other questions did not present differences between the groups.
Conclusion The structured magnetic resonance report presented clearer information and was better evaluated in relation to the conventional one in the analysis of proctologists in the study of anal fistulae.
New insight into Alzheimer's disease: Light reverses Aβ‐obstructed interstitial fluid flow and ameliorates memory decline in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Yue Xiangpei , Mei Yufei , Zhang Yun , Tong Zheng , Cui Dehua , Yang Jun , Wang Aibo , Wang Rui , Fei Xuechao , Ai Li , Di Yalan , Luo Hongjun , Li Hui , Luo Wenhong , Lu Yu , Li Rui , Duan Chunli , Gao Ge , Yang Hui , Sun Binggui , He Rongqiao , Song Weihong , Han Hongbin , Tong Zhiqian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPharmacological therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) targeting “Aβ” have failed for over 100 years. Low levels of laser light can disassemble Aβ. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms that Aβ‐blocked extracellular space (ECS) induces memory disorders in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and addressed whether red light (RL) at 630 nm rescues cognitive decline by reducing Aβ‐disturbed flow of interstitial fluid (ISF).MethodsWe compared the heating effects on the brains of rats illuminated with laser light at 630, 680, and 810 nm for 40 minutes, respectively. Then, a light‐emitting diode with red light at 630 nm (LED‐RL) was selected to illuminate AD mice. The changes in the structure of ECS in the cortex were examined by fluorescent double labeling. The volumes of ECS and flow speed of ISF were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Spatial memory behaviors in mice were evaluated by the Morris water maze. Then, the brains were sampled for biochemical analysis.ResultsRL at 630 nm had the least heating effects than other wavelengths associated with ~49% penetration ratio into the brains. For the molecular mechanisms, Aβ could induce formaldehyde (FA) accumulation by inactivating FA dehydrogenase. Unexpectedly, in turn, FA accelerated Aβ deposition in the ECS. However, LED‐RL treatment not only directly destroyed Aβ assembly in vitro and in vivo but also activated FA dehydrogenase to degrade FA and attenuated FA‐facilitated Aβ aggregation. Subsequently, LED‐RL markedly smashed Aβ deposition in the ECS, recovered the flow of ISF, and rescued cognitive functions in AD mice.DiscussionAβ‐obstructed ISF flow is the direct reason for the failure of the developed medicine delivery from superficial into the deep brain in the treatment of AD. The phototherapy of LED‐RL improves memory by reducing Aβ‐blocked ECS and suggests that it is a promising noninvasive approach to treat AD.
Use and costs of services and unpaid care for people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia: Baseline results from the IDEAL cohort study
Authors: Henderson Catherine , Knapp Martin , Nelis Sharon M. , Quinn Catherine , Martyr Anthony , Wu Yu‐Tzu , Jones Ian R. , Victor Christina R. , Pickett James A. , Hindle John V. , Jones Roy W. , Kopelman Michael D. , Matthews Fiona E. , Morris Robin G. , Rusted Jennifer M. , Thom Jeanette M. , Clare Linda ,   IDEAL Programme Team
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe examined 3‐month service use and costs of care for people with mild‐to‐moderate dementia in Great Britain.MethodsWe analyzed Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life cohort study baseline data on paid care, out‐of‐pocket expenditure, and unpaid care from participants with dementia (N = 1547) and their carers (N = 1283). In regression analyses, we estimated per‐group mean costs of diagnostic and sociodemographic subgroups.ResultsUse of services apart from primary and outpatient hospital care was low. Unpaid care accounted for three‐quarters of total costs (mean, £4008 [standard error, £130] per participant). Most participants (87%) received unpaid care equating to 36 hours weekly. Estimated costs for people with Parkinson's dementia were £8609, £4359 for participants with mixed dementia, and £3484 for those with Alzheimer's disease. Total costs were lower for participants with dementia living alone than living with others (£2484 vs. £4360); costs were lower for female than for male participants (£3607 vs. £4272).DiscussionCosts varied by dementia subtype, carer status, and living arrangement. Policy makers should recognize the high costs of unpaid care for people with dementia, who do not always get the support that they need or would like to receive.
A source code perspective framework to produce secure web applications
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Alenezi Mamdouh , Kumar Rajeev , Khan Raees Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

Hackers and other cyber attackers remain fearless concerning the mitigation mechanisms that have evolved for addressing security over the past few years. Cyber attacks are on the rise and countless security breaches take place daily. It is believed that cybercrime in its various forms will cost the world $6tr per year by 2021. 1 It has become essential that software companies evaluate their businesses to identify application security needs, strategies and weaknesses. Establishing a security policy to safeguard their software applications has become an urgent need. Vulnerable applications are the bane of the software industry. Software companies need to make sure that their developers write more secure code, but developers struggle with this issue. To encourage developers to write secure source code, there is a need to integrate the whole process of scanning, detecting and mitigating security vulnerabilities and flaws during code analysis. Alka Agrawal, Mamdouh Alenezi, Rajeev Kumar and Raees Ahmad Khan propose an integrated and prescriptive framework intended to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities and provide suggestions for writing more secure code.
The Amplified Arctic Warming in the Recent Decades may Have Been Overestimated by CMIP5 Models
Authors: Huang Jianbin , Ou Tinghai , Chen Deliang , Luo Yong , Zhao Zongci 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRealistically representing the Arctic amplification in global climate models (GCMs) represents a key to accurately predict the climate system's response to increasing anthropogenic forcings. We examined the amplified Arctic warming over the past century simulated by 36 state‐of‐the‐art GCMs against observation. We found a clear difference between the simulations and the observation in terms of the evolution of the secular warming rates. The observed rates of the secular Arctic warming increase from 0.14 °C/10a in the early 1890s to 0.21 °C/10a in the mid‐2010s, while the GCMs show a negligible trend to 0.35 °C/10a at the corresponding times. The overestimation of the secular warming rate in the GCMs starts from the mid‐twentieth century and aggravates with time. Further analysis indicates that the overestimation mainly comes from the exaggerated heating contribution from the Arctic sea ice melting. This result implies that the future secular Arctic warming may have been over‐projected.
Subtropical Marine Low Stratiform Cloud Deck Spatial Errors in the E3SMv1 Atmosphere Model
Authors: Brunke Michael A. , Ma Po‐Lun , Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Rasch Philip J. , Sorooshian Armin , Zeng Xubin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarine low‐level clouds continue to be poorly simulated in models despite many studies and field experiments devoted to their improvement. Here we focus on the spatial errors in the cloud decks in the Department of Energy Earth system model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model [E3SM]) relative to the satellite climatology by calculating centroid distances, area ratios, and overlap ratios. Since model dynamics is better simulated than clouds, these errors are attributed primarily to the model physics. To gain additional insight, we performed a sensitivity run in which model winds were nudged to those of reanalysis. This results in a large change (but not necessarily an improvement) in the simulated cloud decks. These differences between simulations are mainly due to the interactions between model dynamics and physics. These results suggest that both model physics (widely recognized) and its interaction with dynamics (less recognized) are important to model improvement in simulating these low‐level clouds.