bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning distance effect on lignite quality variables at global and local scales
Authors: Yaylagul Cem , Tutmez Bulent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetermining scale and variable effects have critical importance in developing an energy resource policy. This study aims to explore the relationships in heterogeneous lignite sites using different scale models, spatial weighting as well as error-based pair-wise identification. From a statistical learning framework, the relationships among the quality variables such as geochemical variables and the contributions of the coordinates to quality measures have been exhibited by generalized additive models. In this way, the critical roles of spatial weights provided by the coordinates have been specified at a global scale. The experimental studies reveal that incorporating the geological weighting in the models as the additional information improves both accuracy and transparency. Because relationships among lignite quality variables and sampling locations are spatially non-stationary, the local structure and interdependencies among the variables were analyzed by geographically weighting regression. The local analyses including spatial patterns of bandwidths, search domains as well as residual-based areal dependencies provided not only the critical zones but also availability of pair-wise model alternatives by calibrating a model at each point for location-specific parameter learning. The results completely show that the weighting models applied at different scales can take spatial heterogeneity into consideration and these abilities provide some meta-data and specific information using in sustainable energy planning.
Detecting the need for change: How the British Army adapted to warfare on the Western Front and in the Southern Cameroons
Authors: Hunzeker Michael A. , Harkness Kristen A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article addresses a gap in the literature on military adaptation by focusing on the first step in the adaptive process: detecting failure. We argue that institutionalised feedback loops are a critical mechanism for facilitating detection. Feedback loops are most effective when they filter information and distribute lessons learned to senior tactical commanders. In turn, effective filtration depends on incorporating frontline soldiers and specialists into intelligence cells while creating a protected space for dissent. We evaluate our theory against both irregular and conventional wars fought by the British Army: the counterinsurgency campaign in the Southern Cameroons (1960–1) as well as the evolution of British assault tactics on the Western Front of the First World War (1914–18).
Stowaways at Bohemia's Shores: Undocumented Emigration and People-Smuggling Networks in Interwar East Central Europe
Authors: Schmidt Allison 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article investigates interwar people-smuggling networks, based in Germany and Czechoslovakia, that transported undocumented emigrants across borders from east-central Europe to northern Europe, where the travelers planned to sail to the United States. Many of the people involved in such networks in the Saxon-Bohemian borderlands had themselves been immigrants from Galicia. They had left a homeland decimated by the First World War and subsequent violence and entered societies with limited avenues to earn a living. The “othering” of these Galician immigrants became a self-fulfilling prophecy, as those on the margins of society then sought illegal ways to supplement their income. This article concludes that the poor economic conditions and threat of ongoing violence that spurred migrant clients to seek undocumented passage had driven their smugglers, who also faced social marginalization, to emigration and the business of migrant smuggling.
Cold atmospheric plasma jet applied for TiO2/carbon fiber composite biomaterial
Authors: Li Limin , Li Zhiwei , Zhou Qinqin , Huang Xiuxiang , Peng Ke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present work, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) micro–nanostructured thin films are deposited by a cold atmospheric plasma jet on carbon fiber substrates. The surface morphology, grain size, and structure phase of TiO2 thin films are investigated by scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectrum. As the discharge voltage increased from 5 to 15 kV, the size of these TiO2 particles decreased from 2 to 3 μm to less than 1 μm. The XRD and Raman spectroscopic results show TiO2 on the carbon fiber surface prepared by atmospheric plasma jet is at the mixture phase of anatase and rutile. We also investigated the adhesion and proliferation assays of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts on the samples. The surface with smaller TiO2 particles deposited on carbon fiber is more appropriate for attachment of preosteoblasts. Furthermore, the highest proliferation of MC3T3-E1 was found on a sample with smaller TiO2 particles after incubation. Our data suggest that the increased roughness fosters cell attachment and proliferation on the surface of TiO2/carbon fibers.
The influence of climatic conditions on the permeability and hydraulic properties of the L5–S5 layers in the Loess Plateau, North Qinling Mountains
Authors: CHEN Yao , QIAN Hui , HOU Kai 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTA better understanding of the role of Quaternary-era climate change in the development of regional hydrology in the Loess Plateau and the impact on regional ecosystems is needed. In particular, a thorough examination of the permeability and recharge under different conditions in the fifth loess–palaeosol layer is required. The fifth loess–palaeosol layer is located at the southern edge of the Jinghe River in the Guanzhong Basin, and was examined to better understand these conditions. A constant head permeability test was conducted at 11 points that covered different stratum of loess–palaeosol, and 55 corresponding undisturbed soil samples were analysed for porosity, magnetic susceptibility, and grain size. Results showed that: (1) with an increase in hydraulic gradient, the permeability coefficient of the upper part of the loess and the lower part of the palaeosol showed contrasting characteristics – this phenomenon was closely related to climatic conditions during the sedimentary period, post-sedimentary microbial activity, and to certain properties relating to permeability in the strata under similar monsoon effects; (2) the Loess Plateau, alternately dominated by the East Asian summer and winter monsoons, exhibited different grain-size compositions in the sedimentary layer, which, in turn, made the permeability in the loess noticeably more stable than that in the palaeosol; and (3) different aquifer characteristics and recharge conditions between the loess–palaeosol layers can be primarily explained by the intensity of the pedogenesis, which depended on extreme dry-old glacial climates and relatively humid-warm interglacial climates. These findings show that climate change played an important role in influencing hydrological systems in the loess–palaeosol sequence.
Repeat Subglacial Lake Drainage and Filling Beneath Thwaites Glacier
Authors: Malczyk G. , Gourmelen N. , Goldberg D. , Wuite J. , Nagler T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractActive subglacial lakes have been identified throughout Antarctica, offering a window into subglacial environments and their impact on ice sheet mass balance. Here we use high‐resolution altimetry measurements from 2010 to 2019 to show that a lake system under the Thwaites Glacier undertook a large episode of activity in 2017, only four years after the system underwent a substantial drainage event. Our observations suggest significant modifications of the drainage system between the two events, with 2017 experiencing greater upstream discharge, faster lake‐to‐lake connectivity, and the transfer of water within a closed system. Measured rates of lake recharge during the inter‐drainage period are 137% larger than modeled estimates, suggesting processes that drive subglacial meltwater production, such as geothermal heat flux or basal friction, are currently underestimated.
Quantifying Transition Zone Radiative Effects in Longwave Radiation Parameterizations
Authors: Jahani Babak , Calbó Josep , González Josep‐Abel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe change in the state of sky from cloudy to cloudless (or vice versa) comprises an additional phase called “transition zone,” in which the characteristics of the particle suspension lay between those corresponding to pure clouds and atmospheric aerosols. This phase, however, is usually considered, in atmospheric monitoring and modeling, as an area containing either aerosol or thin clouds. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the longwave radiative effects resulting from different approximations to the transition zone for three radiation parameterizations included in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. The parameterizations produce important differences (up to 60 W m−2) between radiative effects of optically thin layers of aerosols and clouds (as surrogates for transition zone suspensions) in the longwave region, both at the top and bottom of the atmosphere. Also, differences are greater if the suspension of particles is located at higher altitudes, but smaller in high humidity conditions.
Effect of Ambient Nitrogen on the Growth of Phytoplankton in the Bohai Sea: Kinetics and Parameters
Authors: Gao Peiyi , Wang Ping , Chen Shanqiao , Bi Whenjing , Lu Shan , He Jian , Wang Xiulin , Li Keqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChanges in nitrogen forms and levels affect biogeochemical processes, but little is known about the quantitative effect of ambient nitrogen on phytoplankton growth in biogeochemical kinetics. Based on a new experimental data analysis method, we investigated the phytoplankton growth and nitrogen uptake processes of typical phytoplankton subjected to different nitrogen forms in the Bohai Sea. We employed a nonlinear differential model to fit the kinetic processes of phytoplankton growth, death, and nutrient uptake considering multiple equations and parameters. The maximum nitrogen uptake rate (kup), half‐saturation coefficient (ks), and maximum phytoplankton growth rate (kG) were obtained based on the multivariate nonlinear differential mothed. The kup and ks were related with kG for different ambient nitrogen forms (urea, ammonium, and nitrate) in the N sufficiency experiment group I (SGI) treatment, showing that phytoplankton grew faster in the presence of ammonium and nitrate than in the presence of urea, owing to quicker nitrogen uptake rate. The kup, ks, and kG in the N‐Starvation experiment group II (SGII) treatment were lower than that in the SGI treatment, indicating higher nutrient affinity of phytoplankton at lower nitrogen concentrations. Hence, we can infer that eutrophic algae such as Nitzschia closterium may easily become the dominant species in the SGI treatment with abundant nitrogen supply and high kG, kup, and ks. In contrast, oligotrophic algae such as Leptocylindrus danicus and Asterionellopsis glacialis may easily become the dominant species in the SGI or SGII treatments with an insufficient supply of ambient nitrogen and low kG, kup, and ks.
Forecasting Global Ionospheric TEC Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Liu Lei , Zou Shasha , Yao Yibin , Wang Zihan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobal ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps are widely utilized in research regarding ionospheric physics and the associated space weather impacts, so there is a great interest in the community in short‐term ionosphere TEC forecasting. In this study, the long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network (NN) is applied to forecast the 256 spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients that are traditionally used to construct global ionospheric maps (GIM). Multiple input data, including historical time series of the SH coefficients, solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux, disturbance storm time (Dst) index, and hour of the day, are used in the developed LSTM NN model. Different combinations of the above parameters have been used in constructing the LSTM NN model, and it is found that the model using all four parameters performs the best. Then the best performing LSTM model is used to forecast the SH coefficients, and the global hourly TEC maps are reproduced using the 256 predicted SH coefficients. A comprehensive evaluation is carried out with respect to the CODE GIM TEC. Results show that the first/second hour TEC root mean square error (RMSE) is 1.27/2.20 TECU during storm time and 0.86/1.51 TECU during quiet time, so the developed model performs well during both quiet and storm times. Moreover, typical ionospheric structures, such as equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and storm‐enhanced density (SED), are well reproduced in the predicted TEC maps during storm time. The developed model also shows competitive performance in predicting global TEC when compared to the persistence model and two empirical models (IRI‐2016 and NeQuick‐2).
Derivation of Interannual Climate Elasticity of Streamflow
Authors: Tang Yin , Tang Qiuhong , Zhang Lu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBesides climate change (i.e., change on an average condition), streamflow change is also affected by interannual variability of climate (i.e., change from year to year). To quantify the impact of interannual climatic variability, in this study, we first clarify the content and definition of interannual climate elasticity that represents the sensitivity of streamflow to climatic variability from year to year and equals to the ratio of proportional annual change in streamflow and a climatic variable. Then, we analytically derive the interannual climate (i.e., potential evapotranspiration and precipitation) elasticities of streamflow by integrating the annual water balance with a conceptual hydrologic model (i.e., extended Budyko framework). At interannual scale, the terrestrial water storage change (i.e., ∆S) is a substantial component of water balance equation. Consequently, the analytical solutions of the interannual climate elasticities are functions of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and ∆S. The newly derived interannual climate elasticities are applied to 335 Model Parameter Estimation Experiment watersheds as a case study to evaluate the hypotheses in this study and construct the regional map of the streamflow sensitivity to interannual variability of climate. Results show that the interannual precipitation elasticity is generally larger than the absolute interannual potential evapotranspiration elasticity across study watersheds. Spatially, streamflow in the arid region tends to be more sensitive to interannual variability of climate than that in humid region. This study may be useful for understanding the extreme events and annual streamflow change caused by the ∆S (e.g., groundwater abstraction) across watersheds or regions.
Lanthanum delays senescence and improves postharvest quality in cut tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) flowers
Authors: Gómez-Merino Fernando Carlos , Castillo-González Ana María , Ramírez-Martínez Maribel , Trejo-Téllez Libia Iris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe tested two sources of lanthanum (La), LaCl3 and La(NO3)3 × 6H2O at a concentration of 40 µM each, in the treatment solution of cut flowers of 15 tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cultivars. Ascorbic acid (AsA; 0.2 g/L) was used as a reference solution, while distilled water was evaluated as an absolute control. With both La sources, bud length and diameter, and stem length were increased; as a result, stem curvature was also significantly increased with La treatments. The cultivars Laura Fygi and Rosario registered the highest relative stem elongation. Lalibela and Acropolis displayed the greatest stem curvature on the last day in vase. At 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days after cutting, the highest solution uptake was recorded in flower stems treated with LaCl3, surpassing the control by 5, 11, 15, 18 and 24%, respectively. The relative stem elongations observed were 21.3, 27.4, 35.2 and 35.5% in the control, AsA, LaCl3 and La(NO3)3, respectively. The mean solution uptake per gram of stem fresh biomass weight was 1.44, 1.44, 1.71 and 1.54 mL in the control, AsA, LaCl3 and La(NO3)3, respectively. LaCl3 significantly increased the bud length and solution uptake of flower stems, while La(NO3)3 × 6H2O increased stem fresh weight.
Proteomics reveals that quinoa bioester promotes replenishing effects in epidermal tissue
Authors: Camillo-Andrade Amanda C. , Santos Marlon D. M. , Fischer Juliana S. G. , Swinka Bruna B. , Bosquetti Bruna , Schuck Desirée C. , Pincerati Marcia R. , Lorencini Marcio , Carvalho Paulo C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe continuous search for natural products that attenuate age-related losses has increasingly gained notice; among them, those applicable for skin care have drawn significant attention. The bioester generated from theChenopodium quinoa’soil is a natural-origin ingredient described to produce replenishing skin effects. With this as motivation, we used shotgun proteomics to study the effects of quinoa bioester on human reconstructed epidermis tridimensional cell cultures after 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of exposure. Our experimental setup employed reversed-phase nano-chromatography coupled online with an Orbitrap-XL and PatternLab for proteomics as the data analysis tool. Extracted ion chromatograms were obtained as surrogates for relative peptide quantitation. Our findings spotlight proteins with increased abundance, as compared to the untreated cell culture counterparts at the same timepoints, that were related to preventing premature aging, homeostasis, tissue regeneration, protection against ultraviolet radiation and oxidative damage.
Fate and functional roles of Prominin 1+ cells in liver injury and cancer
Authors: Wu Raymond , Pan Stephanie , Chen Yibu , Nakano Yasuhiro , Li Meng , Balog Steven , Tsukamoto Hidekazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProminin 1 (PROM1) is one of a few clinically relevant progenitor markers in human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and mouse liver tumor initiating stem cell-like cells (TICs). However, the origin, fate and functions of PROM1+ cells in AH and HCC are unknown. Here we show by genetic lineage tracing that PROM1+ cells are derived in part from hepatocytes in AH and become tumor cells in mice with diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-initiated, Western alcohol diet-promoted liver tumorigenesis. Our RNA sequencing analysis of mouse PROM1+ cells, reveals transcriptomic landscapes indicative of their identities as ductular reaction progenitors (DRPs) and TICs. Indeed, single-cell RNA sequencing reveals two subpopulations of Prom1+ Afp– DRPs and Prom1+ Afp+ TICs in the DEN-WAD model. Integrated bioinformatic analysis identifies Discodin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) as a uniquely upregulated and patient-relevant gene in PROM1+ cells in AH and HCC. Translational relevance of DDR1 is supported by its marked elevation in HCC which is inversely associated with patient survival. Further, knockdown of Ddr1 suppresses the growth of TICs and TIC-derived tumor growth in mice. These results suggest the importance of PROM1+ cells in the evolution of liver cancer and DDR1 as a potential driver of this process.
Chondrogenic differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells on silk spidroin-fibroin mix scaffold supplemented with L-ascorbic acid and platelet rich plasma
Authors: Barlian Anggraini , Judawisastra Hermawan , Ridwan Ahmad , Wahyuni Antonia Ratih , Lingga Meidiana Ebtayani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this research, hWJ-MSCs were grown on silk scaffolds and induced towards chondrogenesis by supplementation with L-ascorbic acid (LAA) or platelet rich plasma (PRP). Silk scaffolds were fabricated with salt leaching method by mixing silk fibroin (SF) with silk spidroin (SS). The silk fibroin was obtained from Bombyx mori cocoon that had been degummed, and the silk spidroin was obtained from wild-type spider Argiope appensa. The effect of scaffold composition and inducer on cell proliferation was observed through MTT assay. The most optimal treatment then continued to be used to induce hWJ-MSC towards chondrogenic differentiation for 7 and 21 days. Scaffolds characterization showed that the scaffolds produced had 3D structure with interconnected pores, and all were biocompatible with hWJ-MSCs. Scaffold with the addition of 10% SS + 90% SF showed higher compressive strength and better pore interconnectivity in comparison to 100% silk fibroin scaffold. After 48 h, cells seeded on scaffold with spidroin and fibroin mix had flattened morphology in comparison to silk fibroin scaffold which appeared to be more rounded on the scaffold surface. Scaffold with 10% (w/w) of silk spidroin (SS) + 90% (w/w) of silk fibroin (SF) was the most optimal composition for cell proliferation. Immunocytochemistry of integrin β1 and RGD sequence, showed that scaffold with SS 10% provide better cell attachment with the presence of RGD sequence from the spidroin silk which could explain the higher cell proliferation than SF100% scaffold. Based on Alcian Blue staining and Collagen Type II immunocytochemistry (ICC), cells grown on 10% SS + 90% SF scaffold with 10% PRP supplementation were the most optimal to support chondrogenesis of hWJ-MSCs. These results showed that the addition of spidroin silk from A. appensa. had impact on scaffold compressive strength and chondrogenic differentiation of hWJ-MSC and had the potential for further development of bio-based material scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering.
Fractional Young double-slit numerical experiment with Gaussian wavepackets
Authors: Ghalandari Mahboubeh , Solaimani M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we consider the transmission properties of a Gaussian wavepacket when transmits through few double and multi-slit systems in a fractional medium. For this purpose, we have solved the two-dimensional fractional Schrodinger equation utilizing a split-step Fourier method. Then, we have investigated the effects of different parameters such as the number of slits, slit width, barrier width, layer width, layer heights, fractional order, and wavepacket width on the transmission coefficient, and wavepacket evolution.