bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Provinces Should Pay More Attention to CO2 Emissions in China’s Construction Industry?
Authors: Li Fen , Chen Jianbao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Construction industry has existed the problems of high investment and pollution. As a big country in the construction industry, China has a vast territory and the CO2 emissions of the construction industry vary greatly among different regions. So which provinces should pay more attention to the CO2 emissions of the construction industry is a question worthy of consideration. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 1997 to 2015, this paper extends the STIRPAT model and empirically analyses the impact of influencing factors in different quantiles by using quantile regression panel model. Research results show that: (1) The effect of population size, economic growth, energy structure and industrial scale on CO2 of construction industry in different quantiles are positive, while the effect of energy efficiency is negative. (2) The effect of population size on CO2 emissions in the 50th-75th quantile provinces is greater than those in the other quantile provinces; the impact of economic growth in the 10th-25th quantile provinces is higher than those in the other percentile provinces; the influence of energy structure in the 25th-50th and 50th-75th quantile provinces are stronger than those in the other quantile provinces; the influence intensity of industry scale in the upper 90th quantile provinces is the highest in all the quantile provinces; the effect of energy efficiency in the upper 90th quantile provinces is lower than those in the other percentile provinces. According to these results, we put forward some corresponding policy suggestions.
Study on Water Quality Characteristics and Production Coefficients of Urban Domestic Sewage in Shanghai
Authors: Song Mina , Diao Chunyan , Jia Lei , Yang Lei , Cui Bojun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The existing coefficient of urban domestic sewage production cannot reflect the differences among regions. It is difficult to meet the needs of environmental protection work in Shanghai. This study divided Shanghai into three tiers. According to the 2017 on-line monitoring data of urban sewage treatment plants in main urban areas, Xincheng district and Xinshi town, the concentration of pollutants of each tier was calculated. And the production coefficients of urban domestic source pollutants at all tiers in Shanghai was obtained by combining with the urban per capita comprehensive domestic water consumption. The results showed that the CODcr concentration changes in Xincheng district were relatively large, and that changes in the main urban area and Xinshi town were relatively small. The pollutant production coefficients of the main urban area, Xincheng district and Xinshi town were CODcr: 75.6 g/d.cap, 66.95 g/d.cap, 28.02 g/d.cap, NH3-N: 7.76 g/d.cap, 5.32 g/d.cap, 2.04 g/d.cap.
Drought Crisis: A Path-analysis in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Qiao Wenhui , Pu Yanru , Wei Zhuo , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Urban drought has seriously hindered the sustainable development. Reducing urban drought vulnerability (UDV) entails more effective and systematic strategies. We discussed the ways to reduce UDV for government in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from building vulnerability assessment model suitable for urban system, correlation analysis and path analysis. Results indicated that (1) the drought vulnerability of 13 cities in the BTH region fluctuated continuously from 1987 to 2016; (2) the factors affecting UDV are systemic and have the regional characteristic; and (3) the path analysis provide the specific directions for government. This study provides a theoretical basis for the government to manage drought risk.
Overview of Deep Convolutional Neural Network Approaches for Satellite Remote Sensing Ship Monitoring Technology
Authors: Li Xiunan , Chen Peng , Fan Kaiguo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Remote sensing (RS) monitoring of ships has important significance in both military and civilian fields. The RS ship detection aims to locate the position of the ship in the remote sensing image and extract its characteristics. Traditional ship target detection algorithms cannot meet the demands for speed and precision of SAR remote sensing and optical remote sensing data. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the target detection technology such as deep learning algorithms has made significant progress in RS ship detection. Deep learning has become a heated topic in research. This paper has analyzed and summarized previous researches on the application of deep learning algorithms in ship detection technologies based on SAR and optical remote sensing images in recent years and has provided suggestions for future studies. In the future, deep learning-based technologies for RS ship detection will use more data, such as data from multiple sensors in multiple channels. Deep neural networks will also include more rules and specialized knowledge. Its structure will become more complicated and eventually develop into a neural network like the human brain.
Modulating the ZnO NR shape to enhance the luminescence efficiency for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Bano N , Hussain I , EL-Naggar A M , Albassam A A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is essential to control the size of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) for the improvement of tunable optoelectronic applications. In this paper, we present the results of a systematic and extensive study that explored the effect of growth parameters on the morphology and optoelectronic properties of ZnO NRs. We found that the length and width of ZnO NRs can be efficiently tuned by carefully controlling the growth parameters and by modulating the ZnO seed with reduced graphene (rGO). These results could give us a better understanding of the growth behavior of ZnO NRs and could contribute to the control of the morphology of these NRs for nano-device applications. Moreover, the effect of growth parameters on the optoelectronic properties of ZnO NRs was thoroughly investigated by fabricating light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with different morphologies of the ZnO NRs and the correlation between the morphology and the luminescence efficiency of ZnO was established. These investigations illustrate a viable and highly promising approach to enhance the luminescence intensity of ZnO NR-based LEDs by 500 times. The present work will guide researchers in the production of low-temperature, size-controlled, and aligned ZnO NRs for tunable highly luminescent optoelectronic applications.
SPsimSeq: semi-parametric simulation of bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Assefa Alemu Takele , Vandesompele Jo , Thas Olivier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSummarySPsimSeq is a semi-parametric simulation method to generate bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data. It is designed to simulate gene expression data with maximal retention of the characteristics of real data. It is reasonably flexible to accommodate a wide range of experimental scenarios, including different sample sizes, biological signals (differential expression) and confounding batch effects.Availability and implementationThe R package and associated documentation is available from https://github.com/CenterForStatistics-UGent/SPsimSeq.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Classification with imperfect training labels
Authors: Cannings Timothy I , Fan Yingying , Samworth Richard J 
Published: February 2020

Summary
We study the effect of imperfect training data labels on the performance of classification methods. In a general setting, where the probability that an observation in the training dataset is mislabelled may depend on both the feature vector and the true label, we bound the excess risk of an arbitrary classifier trained with imperfect labels in terms of its excess risk for predicting a noisy label. This reveals conditions under which a classifier trained with imperfect labels remains consistent for classifying uncorrupted test data points. Furthermore, under stronger conditions, we derive detailed asymptotic properties for the popular $k$-nearest neighbour, support vector machine and linear discriminant analysis classifiers. One consequence of these results is that the $k$-nearest neighbour and support vector machine classifiers are robust to imperfect training labels, in the sense that the rate of convergence of the excess risk of these classifiers remains unchanged; in fact, our theoretical and empirical results even show that in some cases, imperfect labels may improve the performance of these methods. The linear discriminant analysis classifier is shown to be typically inconsistent in the presence of label noise unless the prior probabilities of the classes are equal. Our theoretical results are supported by a simulation study.
International Expansion Selection Model by Machine Learning—A Proprietary Model
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Chi , Horng Der-Juinn , Chang Hong-Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aims to explain a simple but crucial complex problem often faced by multinational enterprises: why multinational companies choose to enter the markets of certain countries. Accordingly, this study developed an international expansion selection model by using the machine learning method. The priority targets for enterprises’ international expansion and the strategic country groups for classification can be identified on the basis of ideas expressed in three primary business concepts, namely ‘market attractiveness’, ‘enterprise’ resources and capabilities’ and ‘customer-oriented approach’; the identified priority targets and strategic country groups are useful for multinational enterprises when designing different configurations for limited resources and can ultimately assist the business managers with making international business decisions. Models can elucidate the complexity behind enterprise decisions. By contrast, strategic grouping based on simple rules can aid the managers to make instantaneous decisions and respond according to the changing market. This study constructed an exclusive strategic model based on the international expansion strategy selection modes adopted by a leading Taiwan enterprise in electronics industry and the unique characteristics possessed by this enterprise.
Going back into the wild: the behavioural effects of raising sea urchins in captivity
Authors: Brundu G , Farina S , Domenici P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sea urchin harvesting has rapidly expanded in the last decades. Since many sea urchin species play important ecological role, large-scale commercial sea urchin fisheries can have complex effects on benthic communities. In many temperate regions, overharvesting has compromised marine ecosystems to such an extent that reintroduction of sea urchins raised in captivity may be a valid solution for the enhancement of depleted marine wild populations. In some regions of the Mediterranean Sea, improving the growth efficiency of captive sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus to be reintroduced has become a widespread practice. However, no study has yet considered the potential behavioural effects of raising sea urchins in captivity when they are introduced in the natural environment. This study provides information about the behavioural effects of captivity on P. lividus in terms of locomotion performance, a trait that can be fundamental for responding to predators and for relocation after environmental disturbances such as currents and waves. Movements of captive-born and wild sea urchins were video-recorded and compared in (i) total exposure to external cues, (ii) partial exposure to external cues and (iii) absence of external cues. Latency of locomotion, average speed and average velocity of sea urchins showed significant differences with respect to the level of exposure and their origin (i.e. wild vs. captive-born). Our results demonstrate that captive-born sea urchins in the wild showed long latency and slower locomotor performance when compared to wild sea urchins. Conversely, the straightness-of-path and locomotion direction of captive-born and wild sea urchins were similar in natural settings. Our results therefore suggest that captive-born sea urchins suffer the negative effects of captivity when introduced in a natural environment. Understanding the factors that decrease the performance of sea urchin will be important for developing procedures aimed at minimizing the negative effect of captivity before release into the wild.
Evaluating the use of the heart age tool in community pharmacies: a 4-week cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Svendsen Karianne , Jacobs David R , Mørch-Reiersen Lisa T , Garstad Kjersti W , Henriksen Hege Berg , Telle-Hansen Vibeke H , Retterstøl Kjetil 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Joint British Societies have developed a tool that utilizes information on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to estimate an individual’s ‘heart age’. We studied if using heart age as an add-on to conventional risk communication could enhance the motivation for adapting to a healthier lifestyle resulting in improved whole-blood cholesterol and omega-3 status after 4 weeks.

Methods
A total of 48 community pharmacies were cluster-randomized to use heart age+conventional risk communication (intervention) or only conventional risk communication (control) in 378 subjects after CVD risk-factor assessment. Dried blood spots were obtained with a 4-week interval to assay whole-blood cholesterol and omega-3 fatty acids. We also explored pharmacy-staff’s (n=27) perceived utility of the heart age tool.

Results
Subjects in the intervention pharmacies (n=137) had mean heart age 64 years and chorological age 60 years. In these, cholesterol decreased by median (interquartile range) −0.10 (−0.40, 0.35) mmol/l. Cholesterol decreased by −0.20 (−0.70, 0.30) mmol/l (P difference =0.24) in subjects in the control pharmacies (n=120) with mean chronological age 60 years. We observed increased concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids after 4 weeks, non-differentially between groups. Pharmacy-staff (n=27) agreed that heart age was a good way to communicate CVD risk, and most (n=25) agreed that it appeared to motivate individuals to reduce elevated CVD risk factors.

Conclusions
The heart age tool was considered a convenient and motivating communication tool by pharmacy-staff. Nevertheless, communicating CVD risk as heart age was not more effective than conventional risk communication alone in reducing whole-blood cholesterol levels and improving omega-3 status.
Higher Dementia Incidence in Older Adults with Poor Visual Acuity
Authors: Lee Allen T C , Richards Marcus , Chan Wai C , Chiu Helen F K , Lee Ruby S Y , Lam Linda C W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Longitudinal evidence of poor visual acuity associating with higher risk of incident dementia is mixed. This study aimed to examine if poor visual acuity was associated with higher dementia incidence in a large community cohort of older adults, independent of the possible biases relating to misclassification error, reverse causality, and confounding effects due to health problems and behaviors.

Methods
A total of 15,576 community-living older adults without dementia at baseline were followed for 6 years to the outcome of incident dementia, which was diagnosed according to the ICD-10 or a Clinical Dementia Rating of 1 to 3. Visual acuity was assessed using the Snellen’s chart at baseline and follow-up. Important variables including demographics (age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status), physical and psychiatric comorbidities (cardiovascular risks, ophthalmological conditions, hearing impairment, poor mobility, and depression), and lifestyle behaviors (smoking, diet, physical, intellectual, and social activities) were also assessed.

Results
Over 68,904 person-years of follow-up, 1,349 participants developed dementia. Poorer visual acuity at baseline was associated with higher dementia incidence in 6 years, even after adjusting for demographics, health problems, and lifestyle behaviors, and excluding those who developed dementia within 3 years after baseline. Compared with normal vision, the hazard ratio of dementia was 1.19 (p = .31), 2.09 (p &lt; .001), and 8.66 (p &lt; .001) for mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment, respectively.

Conclusions
Moderate-to-severe visual impairment could be a potential predictor and possibly a risk factor for dementia. From a clinical perspective, older adults with poor visual acuity might warrant further risk assessment for dementia.
Monitoring fisheries resources at offshore wind farms: BACI vs. BAG designs
Authors: Methratta Elizabeth T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Offshore wind farms often co-occur with biodiverse marine ecosystems with high ecological, economic, and cultural value. Yet there are many uncertainties about how wind farms affect marine organisms and their environment. The before–after–control–impact (BACI) design, an approach that compares an impact location with an unaffected control both before and after the intervention, is the most common method used to study how offshore wind farms affect finfish. Unfortunately, this design has several methodological limitations that undermine its ability to detect effects in these studies. An alternative approach, the before–after-gradient (BAG) design, would sample along a gradient with increasing distance from the turbines both before and after the intervention, and could overcome many of the limitations of BACI. The BAG design would eliminate the difficult task of finding a suitable control, allow for the assessment of the spatial scale and extent of wind farm effects, and improve statistical power by incorporating distance as an independent variable in analytical models rather than relegating it to the error term. This article explores the strengths and weaknesses of the BACI and BAG designs in the context of offshore wind development and suggests an approach to incorporating the BAG design into existing fisheries surveys and a regional monitoring framework.
The Legal Abyss of Discretion in the Resettlement of Refugees
Authors: de Boer Tom , Zieck Marjoleine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The world is experiencing its largest refugee crisis since the Second World War, and more than ever before, the lack of an equitable burden-sharing mechanism is making itself felt: the world’s poorest States are hosting most of the refugees. The durable solution of resettlement of refugees is, in theory, the principal means of securing responsibility sharing within the framework of international refugee law. In practice, this cannot be realized since fewer than 1 per cent of the world’s refugees can be resettled annually due to the small number of available resettlement places. However, initiatives are being developed to increase the number of States that offer resettlement places to refugees and hence the number of available resettlement places.
Europe, too, traditionally lagging well behind in terms of the number of resettlement places it offers, is endeavouring to contribute more places. It must nonetheless be noted that Europe’s increasing support for resettlement is paired with a policy of extraterritorialization of asylum claims and minimization of ‘spontaneous’ refugee arrivals. If Europe indeed aims to replace the regular asylum system with controlled refugee resettlement, this will raise issues of access to asylum. While the current Common European Asylum System contains a plethora of procedural and substantive rights for asylum seekers, resettlement – due to its essentially discretionary nature – appears to take place in a legal void, that is, it appears to suffer from arbitrariness in the selection of refugees and a lack of procedural rights and legal remedies for the refugees involved in the resettlement process.
The question is whether this is also the case with the European Union (EU) resettlement proposals and, if so, whether this can be sustained from a legal point of view. This article reviews these proposals, along with the current practice of refugee selection by EU Member States, and analyses them from a refugee rights perspective. It examines whether EU initiatives affect the discretionary nature of resettlement, and specifically analyses whether the 1950 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union apply to the resettlement procedures of EU Member States and, if so, what rights could be invoked by the refugees involved under those instruments.
Association between vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium colonization and subsequent infection: a retrospective WGS study
Authors: Rubin Ingrid Maria Cecilia , Pedersen Martin Schou , Mollerup Sarah , Kaya Hülya , Petersen Andreas Munk , Westh Henrik , Pinholt Mette 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince 2012, the incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) has increased dramatically in Copenhagen and vanA E. faecium has become endemic and polyclonal.ObjectivesTo examine whether a patient with a positive VRE clinical sample had the same VREfm in a preceding screening sample (within 60 days).MethodsWe performed a 30 month retrospective study. From our laboratory information system (LIS), we identified all patients with an invasive VREfm isolate and a VREfm rectal screening isolate within 60 days before infection. VREfm pairs (screening isolate and invasive isolate) were whole-genome sequenced. All isolates were analysed using SeqSphere and core-genome MLST (cgMLST) types were determined. We examined all isolates for the presence of the three most dominant vanA plasmids in the Capital Region of Denmark. Two novel vanA plasmids were closed by Nanopore/Illumina sequencing.ResultsWe found a total of 19 VREfm pairs. Of these, 13 patients had pairs with matching cgMLST types and vanA plasmids and a median number of 6 days from identification of carriage to clinical infection. One patient had a pair with non-matching cgMLST types but matching vanA plasmids and 24 days between identification of carriage to clinical infection. Five patients had pairs with non-matching cgMLST types and non-matching vanA plasmids and a median number of 18 days from identification of carriage to clinical infection.ConclusionsOf our 19 pairs, 13 were a match regarding cgMLST types (68%) and 1 more (5%) had matching vanA plasmids. Infection was thus preceded by colonization with the same isolates in 13 out of 19 patients. The five mismatches (26%) could be explained by the longer interval between colonization and infection.
Climate change, sustainability, and competition law
Authors: Holmes Simon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Climate Change is an existential threat. Competition law must be part of the solution and not part of the problem. This article draws on the constitutional provisions of the EU treaties and remarks by leaders such as Commissioner Vestager to show how competition law need not stand in the way of urgent action and co-operation by the private sector to fight climate change. It also shows how sustainability is relevant to both the analysis of mergers and dominance cases. It is a call to update our thinking, our guidelines and, if necessary, our law. Based on EU law it contains ideas that could inspire changes in other jurisdictions.