bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a complex intervention to support pregnant women with mild to moderate anxiety: application of the Medical Research Council framework
Authors: Evans Kerry , Spiby Helen , Morrell Jane C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To design and develop an intervention to support women with symptoms of mild to moderate anxiety in pregnancy. Methods: The development followed the MRC framework for complex interventions, utilising psychological theory, review level evidence and professional and public involvement. Two systematic reviews were completed which helped identify potentially beneficial intervention components. The theory underpinning the components was explored to consider the potential benefit for women with mild to moderate anxiety symptoms in pregnancy. Methods of delivering the intervention within maternity services were explored. The intervention comprised: group discussions, one to one support and assisted self-help resources. Midwives were identified as ideally placed to facilitate the intervention supported by midwifery support workers. A bespoke training package was provided by subject experts to prepare the facilitators. Results: The absence of established interventions and a paucity of evidence based approaches for pregnant women with symptoms of mild to moderate anxiety indicated the need for a rigorous and systematic approach to the intervention design. This approach led to the development of an intervention feasible for implementation in maternity care systems tailored to the needs of pregnant women. The involvement of a multi-professional advisory team and active engagement of service users helped to consider the acceptability of the intervention for women and the feasibility of delivering the intervention in the context of maternity care. Conclusion: The MRC Framework provided useful overarching guidance to develop a midwife facilitated intervention for women with symptoms of anxiety in pregnancy. The framework assisted the development of a robust rationale for each intervention component and considered the processes of evaluation and implementation into maternity care systems.
Genome-wide identification and function analysis of ERF2&nbsp;gene family in response to disease resistance against Stemphylium&nbsp;lycopersici&nbsp;in tomato
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Sun Yaoguang , Wang Hexuan , Jiang Jingbin , Li Jingfu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are a plant-specific family of transcription factors and one of the largest families of transcription factors. Ethylene response factors (ERF) regulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. In a previous study, the ERF2 gene was significantly upregulated in both resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars in response to Stemphylium lycopersici. The main purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the ERF family and to explore the mechanism of ERF2 in tomato plants resisting pathogen infection by the Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) technique.Results: In this experiment, 134 ERF genes were explored and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. This experiment divided 134 ERF members into twelve groups based on the conserved domain of the genes. The spatiotemporal expression characteristics of ERF transcription factor family genes in tomato were diverse. Combined with RNA-seq, we found that the expression of 18 ERF transcription factors increased after inoculation with S. lycopersici. In ERF2-silenced plants, the susceptible phenotype was observed after inoculation with S. lycopersici. The hypersensitive response and ROS production were decreased in the ERF2-silenced plants. Physiological analyses showed that the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in ERF2-silenced plants than in control plants, and the SA and JA contents were lower in ERF2-silenced plants than in control plants after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Furthermore, the results indicated that ERF2 may directly or indirectly regulate Pto, PR1b1 and PR-P2 expression and enhance tomato resistance.Conclusions: In this study, we identified and analyzed members of the tomato ERF family by bioinformatics methods and classified, described and analyzed these genes. Subsequently, we used VIGS technology to significantly reduce the expression of ERF2 in tomatoes. The results showed that ERF2 had a positive effect on tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. Interestingly, ERF2 played a key role in multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. In addition, ERF2 may directly or indirectly regulate Pto, PR1b1 and PR-P2 expression and enhance tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. In summary, this study provides gene resources for breeding for disease resistance in tomato.
Impact of Robinia pseudoacacia stand conversion on soil properties and bacterial community composition in Mount Tai, China
Authors: li kun , han xu , ni ruiqiang , shi ge , de-Miguel Sergio , li chuanrong , shen weixing , zhang yikun , Zhang xingzhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Robinia pseudoacacia is a widely planted pioneer tree species in reforestations on barren mountains in northern China. Because of its nitrogen-fixing ability, it can play a positive role in soil and forest restoration. After clear-cutting of planted stands, R. pseudoacacia stands become coppice plantations. The impacts of shifting from seedling to coppice stands on soil bacterial community and soil properties have not been well described. This study aims to quantify how soil properties and bacterial community composition vary between planted seedling versus coppice stands.Methods: Nine 20×20 m plots were randomly selected in seedling and coppice stands. The bulk soil and rhizosphere soil were sampled in summer 2017. Bulk soil was sampled at 10 cm from the soil surface using a soil auger. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected using a brush. The soil samples were transported to the laboratory for chemical analysis, and bacterial community composition and diversity was obtained through DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification and high-throughput sequencing.Results: The results showed that, compared to seedling plantations, soil quality decreased significantly in coppice stands, but without affecting soil exchangeable Mg2+ and K+. Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were lower in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil, whereas nutrient availability showed an opposite trend. The conversion from seedling to coppice plantations was also related to significant differences in soil bacterial community structure and to the reduction of soil bacterial α-diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that bacterial community composition was similar in both bulk and rhizosphere soils in second generation coppice plantations. Specially, the conversion from seedling to coppice stands increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Rhizobium, but reduced that of Actinobacteria, which may result in a decline of soil nutrient availability. Mantel tests revealed that C, N, Soil organic matter (SOM), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and available phosphorus positively correlated with bacterial community composition, while a variation partition analysis (VPA) showed that NO3--N explained a relatively greater proportion of bacterial distribution (15.12%), compared with C and SOM. Surprisingly, N showed no relationship with bacterial community composition, which may be related to nitrogen transportation. Conclusions: The conversion from seedling to coppice stands reduced soil quality and led to spatial-temporal homogenization of the soil bacterial community structure in both the rhizosphere and bulk soils. Such imbalance in microbial structure can accelerate the decline of R. pseudoacacia. This may affect the role of R. pseudoacacia coppice stands in soil and forest restoration of barren lands in mountain areas.
Antimicrobial resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy children of Khuzestan and Fars provinces; Iran&nbsp;
Authors: Mahmoodi Fahimeh , Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham , Akhoond Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates is alarming since they carry mobile genetic elements with great ability to spread; therefore, early detection of these isolates, particularly their reservoir, is crucial to prevent their inter- and intra-care setting dissemination and establish suitable antimicrobial therapies. The current study was designed to evaluate the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), MBL producers and identification of MBL resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of the healthy children under three years old. A total of 412 fecal E. coli isolates were collected from October 2017 to December 2018. The study population included healthy infants and children aged <3 years who did not exhibit symptoms of any diseases, especially gastrointestinal diseases. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR, the production of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and MBL by phenotypic methods. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for the presence of MBL and carbapenemase genes, plasmid profiling, and the ability of conjugation.Results: In sum, AMR, multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production were observed in more than 54.9%, 36.2% and 11.7% of commensal E. coli isolates, respectively. Out of six isolates resistant to imipenem and meropenem, four isolates were phenotypically detected as MBL producers. Two and one E. coli strains carried the blaNDM-1 and blaVIM-2 genes, respectively and were able to transmit imipenem resistance through conjugation. Conclusion: Our findings showed that children not exposed to antibiotics can be colonized by E. coli isolates resistant to the commonly used antimicrobial compounds and can be a good indicator for the occurrence and prevalence of AMR in the community. These bacteria can act as a potential reservoir of AMR genes including MBL genes of pathogenic bacteria and lead to the dissemination of resistance mechanisms to other bacteria.
Determinants of students' physical activity: a 12-month follow-up study in Ningxia Province
Authors: Huang Wei , Shi Xiangrong , Wang Yujie , Li Xiaoling , Gao Pengpeng , Lu Jieguo , Zhuang Jie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Physical activity has many health benefits for children and adolescents. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity in school-aged children and adolescents remains high in China. Many factors impact student’s moderate- and vigorous- physical activity (MVPA). This study investigated the factors associated with student's MVPA level, and the determinants of the change of student’s MVPA behavior.Methods This is a longitudinal study with a 12-month follow-up. The study samples came from 2016 and 2017 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study, 1597 students (aged 9-18 years) from 31 primary, junior high, and high schools, in Ningxia province, were included. Factors about the individual and external environment were measured by questionnaire at baseline and after 12 months. Multiple logistic regression was analyzed to examine the factors that impact student’s MVPA level and the determinants of the change of student’s MVPA behavior.Results There is no difference in students MVPA level between 2016 and 2017. Boys were more physically active than girls at baseline(RR 1.55, 95%CI 1.10, 2.20), as well as children than adolescents but not significant(RR 1.33, 95%CI 0.93, 1.90). Neighborhood factors associated students MVPA level significant, but all of these factors were removed from the longitudinal model(neighborhood sport event, organization, facility, et al). Individual and school factors were important for students MVPA maintaining and positively development(i.e. gender, attitude, school PE class and PA time, et al).Conclusions In conclusion, both neighborhood and school factors affect students MVPA behavior, but school play a more meaningful role in maintaining and promoting students MVPA level. In addition, the internal motivation may be more important than external environment for students MVPA level. Our research provide some evidences for future intervention program for promoting MVPA behavior, but more large samples and objective-assessed researches should be conduct to explore the determinants of MVPA.
The NeST (Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy in Breast Cancer) Study: National Practice Questionnaire of United Kingdom Multi-Disciplinary Decision Making
Authors: Whitehead Ian , Irwin Gareth , Bannon Finian , Coles Charlotte , Copson Ellen , Cutress Ramsey , Dave Rajiv , Gardiner Matthew , Grayson Margaret , Holcombe Chris , Irshad Sheeba , O'Brien Ciara , O'Connell Rachel , Palmieri Carlo , Shaaban Abeer , Sharma Nisha , Singh Jagdeep , Potter Shelley , McIntosh Stuart 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is increasingly used in the treatment of breast cancer, yet it is clear that there is significant geographical variation in its use in the UK. This study aimed to examine stated practice across UK breast units, in terms of indications for use, radiological monitoring, pathological reporting of treatment response, and post-treatment surgical management. Methods: Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) from all UK breast units were invited to participate in the NeST study. A detailed questionnaire assessing current stated practice was distributed to all participating units in December 2017 and data collated securely usingREDCap. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each questionnaire item.Results: Thirty-nine MDTs from a diverse range of hospitals responded. All MDTs routinely offered neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) to a median of 10% (range 5-60%) of patients. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) was offered to a median of 4% (range 0-25%) of patients by 66% of MDTs. The principal indication given for use of neoadjuvant therapy was for surgical downstaging. There was no consensus on methods of radiological monitoring of response, and a wide variety of pathological reporting systems were used to assess tumour response. Twenty-five percent of centres reported resecting the original tumour footprint, irrespective of clinical/radiological response. Radiologically negative axillae at diagnosis routinely had post-NACT or post-NET sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in 73.0% and 84% of centres respectively, whereas 16% performed SLNB pre-NACT. Positive axillae at diagnosis would receive axillary node clearance at 60% of centres, regardless of response to NACT.Discussion: There is wide variation in the stated use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy across the UK, with general low usage of NET. Surgical downstaging remains the most common indication of the use of NAC, although not all centres leverage the benefits of NAC for de-escalating surgery to the breast and/or axilla. There is a need for agreed multidisciplinary guidance for optimising selection and management of patients for NST. These findings will be corroborated in phase II of the NeST study which is a national collaborative prospective audit of NST utilisation and clinical outcomes.
Prognostic implications of alcohol dehydrogenases in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiangye , Li Tingting , Kong Delong , You Hongjuan , Kong Fanyun , Tang Renxian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are huge family of dehydrogenase enzymes and associated with the prognosis of various cancers. However, comprehensive analysis of prognostic implications related to ADHs in HCC is still lacking and largely unknown. Methods: The expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to evaluate the expression of ADHs. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to investigate the association between clinicopathological characteristics and survival. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses were performed and visualized using R/BiocManager package. Results: We found that the expression of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was significantly downregulated in HCC samples compared to normal liver samples. Our univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses results showed that high expression of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was considered as an independent factor with an improved prognosis for the survival of HCC patients. Moreover, our Kaplan-Meier analysis results also revealed that high expression of AHD1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was significantly associated with good survival rate in HCC patients. In addition, GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses unveiled several oncogenic signaling pathways were negatively associated high expression of ADHs in HCC. Conclusion: In the present study, our results provide the potential prognostic biomarkers or molecular targets for the patients with HCC.
Community health workers for non-communicable diseases prevention and control in Bangladesh: a qualitative study
Authors: Rawal Lal , Jubayer Shamim , Choudhury Shohel R , Islam Sheikh Mohammad Shariful , Abdullah Abu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The increasing burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Bangladesh underscores the importance of strengthening primary health care systems. In this study, we examined the barriers and facilitators to engaging Community Health Workers (CHWs) for NCDs prevention and control in Bangladesh.Methods: We used multipronged approaches, including a. Situation analyses using a literature review, key personnel and stakeholders’ consultative meetings, and exploratory studies. A grounded theory approach was used for qualitative data collection from health facilities across three districts in Bangladesh. We conducted in-depth interviews with CHWs (Health Inspector; Community Health Care Provider; Health Assistant and Health Supervisor) (n=4); key informant interviews with central level health policymakers/ managers (n=15) and focus group discussions with CHWs (4 FGDs; total n=29). Participants in a stakeholder consultative meeting included members from the government (n=4), non-government organisations (n=2), private sector (n=1) and universities (n=2). Coding of the qualitative data and identification of themes from the transcripts were carried out and thematic approach was used for data analyses.Results: The CHWs in Bangladesh deliver a wide range of public health programs. They also provide several NCDs specific services, including screening, provisional diagnosis, and health education and counselling for common NCDs, dispensing basic medications, and referral to relevant health facilities. These services are being delivered from the sub-district health facility, community clinics and urban health clinics. The participants identified key challenges and barriers, which include lack of NCD specific guidelines, inadequate training, excessive workload, inadequate systems-level support, and lack of logistics supplies and drugs. Yet, the facilitating factors to engaging CHWs included government commitment and program priority, development of NCD related policies and strategies, establishment of NCD corners, community support systems, social recognition of health care staff and their motivation.Conclusion: Engaging CHWs has been a key driver to NCDs services delivery in Bangladesh. However, there is a need for building capacity of CHWs, maximizing CHWs engagement to NCD services delivery, facilitating systems-level support and strengthening partnerships with non-state sectors would be effective in prevention and control efforts of NCDs in Bangladesh.
KK-LC-1 may be an effective prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer
Authors: Ji Jun , Chen Jiahui , Wang Anqiang , Zhang Wei , Ju Hongge , Liu Yang , Li Leping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To detect the expression of Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1) in gastric cancer (GC) specimens and analyze the associations between KK-LC-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and clinical prognosis. Methods: A total of 94 patients with GC who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this study. The expression of KK-LC-1 in GC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The assessment of KK-LC-1 expression was conducted using the H-scoring system. H-score was calculated by the multiplication of the overall staining intensity with the percentage of positive cells. The expression of KK-LC-1 in the cytoplasm and was scored to achieve respective H-score values. The correlations between KK-LC-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and clinical prognosis were analyzed using Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Results: In the cytoplasm, the expression of KK-LC-1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues (P < 0.001, respectively). Using the median H-score as the cutoff value, it was discovered that, GC patients with higher levels of KK-LC-1expression in the cytoplasm, had favorable overall survival (P =0.016), and it was still statistically meaningful in Cox regression analysis. At the same time, the study found that there was a negative correlation between KK-LC-1’s protein expression and the pathological grade of the tumor (P = 0.036). Conclusions: Our research data shows that KK-LC-1’s expression in GC is higher than that of normal tissues, which is associated with a longer overall survival in GC. KK-LC-1 can be used as a biomarker for GC patients with good prognosis.
Altered striatal dopamine levels in Parkinson’s disease VPS35 D620N mutant transgenic aged mice
Authors: Vanan Sarivin , Zeng Xiaoxia , Chia Sook Yoong , Varnäs Katarina , Jiang Mei , Zhang Ke , Saw Wuan Ting , Padmanabhan Parasuraman , Yu Wei-Ping , Zhou Zhi-Dong , Halldin Christer , Gulyás Balázs , Tan Eng-King , Zeng Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) is a major component of the retromer complex that mediates the retrograde transport of cargo proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Mutations such as D620N in the VPS35 gene have been identified in patients with autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it remains poorly understood whether and how VPS35 deficiency or mutation contributes to PD pathogenesis; specifically, the studies that have examined VPS35 thus far have differed in results and methodologies. We generated a VPS35 D620N mouse model using a Rosa26-based transgene expression platform to allow expression in a spatial manner, so as to better address these discrepancies. Here, aged (20-months-old) mice were first subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, DAB staining analysis of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons with the marker for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was performed. Next, HPLC was used to determine dopamine levels, along with levels of its two metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), in the striatum. Western blotting was also performed to study the levels of key proteins associated with PD. Lastly, autoradiography (ARG) evaluation of [3H]FE-PE2I binding to the striatal dopamine transporter DAT was carried out. We found that VPS35 D620N Tg mice displayed a significantly higher dopamine level than NTg counterparts. All results were then compared with that of current VPS35 studies to shed light on the disease pathogenesis. Our model allows future studies to explicitly control spatial expression of the transgene which would generate a more reliable PD phenotype.