bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in a Greek multicentre idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis registry: a retrospective, observational, cohort study
Authors: Antoniou Katerina , Markopoulou Katerina , Tzouvelekis Argyrios , Trachalaki Athina , Vasarmidi Eirini , Organtzis Jiannis , Tzilas Vasilios , Bouros Evangelos , Kounti Georgia , Rampiadou Christina , Kotoulas Serafeim-Chrysovalantis , Bardaka Fotini , Bibaki Eleni , Fouka Evangelia , Meletis Georgios , Tryfon Stavros , Daniil Zoe , Papakosta Despina , Bouros Demosthenes 
Published: January 2020

Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In a retrospective, real-world study across seven Greek hospitals, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of nintedanib in routine clinical practice. Patients diagnosed with IPF, as per guideline criteria or multidisciplinary diagnosis, received nintedanib between January 2013 and January 2018.We evaluated 244 patients: mean±sdage 71.8±7.5 years, 79.1% male, 45.1% current smokers and 33.1% ex-smokers at treatment initiation. At baseline, predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) was 73.3±20.7% and predicted diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was 42.6±16.7%. On average, patients spent 23.6±15.0 months on nintedanib. At 3 years, 78 patients had died, equating to a 3-year survival rate of 59.4% (unaffected by treatment discontinuation or dose reduction). FVC% pred andDLCO% pred were largely stable at 3 years, with no significant difference from baseline (FVC 73.3±20.7% predversus78±20.1% pred, p=0.074;DLCO42.6±16.7% predversus40.4±18.1% pred, p=0.334). Of the 244 patients, 55.7% reported an adverse event. Gastrointestinal events were the most common (173 (77.2%) out of 224 total events) and 45.0% of patients experienced diarrhoea. Only 32 (13.1%) patients had to permanently discontinue nintedanib due to an adverse event.This real-world study shows a 3-year survival rate of 59.4% and a low discontinuation rate due to adverse events. Our experience is consistent with previous findings in clinical trials of nintedanib in IPF.
Dupilumab improves lung function in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma
Authors: Castro Mario , Rabe Klaus F. , Corren Jonathan , Pavord Ian D. , Katelaris Constance H. , Tohda Yuji , Zhang Bingzhi , Rice Megan S. , Maroni Jaman , Rowe Paul , Pirozzi Gianluca , Amin Nikhil , Ruddy Marcella , Akinlade Bolanle , Graham Neil M.H. , Teper Ariel 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key drivers of type 2 inflammation. In the phase 3 LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST trial (NCT02414854) in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma, add-on dupilumab 200 mg or 300 mg every 2 weeks reduced exacerbations and improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and quality of life over 52 weeks. This analysis evaluates dupilimab's effect on lung function in the overall population, and subgroups with baseline elevated type 2 inflammatory biomarkers.MethodsPatients were randomised to 52 weeks of subcutaneous dupilumab 200 mg every 2 weeks, 300 mg every 2 weeks, or matched-volume placebos. Lung function outcomes were analysed in the overall population, in patients with ≥150 eosinophils·µL−1, ≥300 eosinophils·µL−1, ≥25 ppb fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), and both ≥150 eosinophils·µL−1and ≥25 ppbFeNO, at baseline.ResultsDupilumab treatment (200 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks) resulted in significant improvementsversusplacebo after 52 weeks in pre-bronchodilator FEV1(0.20 and 0.13 L, respectively,versusplacebo) and post-bronchodilator FEV1(0.19 and 0.13 L, respectively), forced vital capacity (FVC) (0.20 and 0.14 L, respectively), forced expiratory flow (0.19 and 0.13 L·s−1, respectively) and pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio (1.75% and 1.61%, respectively) in the overall population (p<0.001). Differenceversusplacebo in post-bronchodilator FEV1slope of change (weeks 4–52) was significant (0.04 L·year−1; p<0.05). Greater improvements were achieved in patients with elevated baseline blood eosinophil and/orFeNOlevels for most outcomes.ConclusionsDupilumab improves lung function outcomes, including large and small airway measurements and fixed airway obstruction, in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma; particularly in patients with elevated biomarkers of type 2 inflammation.
A study of “The Portrait of F.P. Makerovsky in a Masquerade Costume” by Dmitry Levitsky from the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery
Authors: Simonenko Nikolay P. , Solovey Valentin R. , Shumikhin Kirill V. , Lizunova Anna A. , Lisovskii Stepan V. , Liubavskaya Elena A. , Seregina Tatyana V. , Basova Irina G. , Dyakonova Yulia B. , Simonenko Tatiana L. , Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Volkov Ivan A. , Khalturin Yulian A. , Ivanov Viktor V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on activities carried out as part of a pre-conservation studies of the painting by Dmitry Levitsky, “The Portrait of F.P. Makerovsky in a Masquerade Costume” (1789, the State Tretyakov Gallery). Samples were taken and prepared for further study within the following algorithm. Using optical microscopy of cross-sections of the samples taken, structural elements of layered compositions were revealed and external differences between them were established. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to evaluate the elemental composition of the painting surface and cross-sections of samples. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to clarify the elemental composition of each of the structural elements of the samples taken, their submicro- and microdimensional inclusions, to map the distribution of chemical elements over the studied surface, and to determine the dispersion of organic and inorganic components contained in the material. Micro-FTIR was used to identify functional groups and to determine the main classes of inorganic compounds, as well as binders, used, including in the local analysis of micro-inclusions. The list of specific chemical compounds in the composition of the studied paint layers and grounds, which included an examination of the varnish coating, was determined with micro-Raman spectroscopy using data obtained by the above methods. As a result of the study, complementary information was obtained on the chemical composition of the inorganic components used, of the binder and of the varnish coating, which is required for further conservation of this work of art.
Effect of different mycobionts on symbiotic germination and seedling growth of Dendrobium officinale, an important medicinal orchid
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Yuan-Yuan , Chen Xiao-Mei , Guo Shun-Xing , Lee Yung-I 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOrchids maintain a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi in the lifecycle. Previous reports indicated that diverse mycobionts may have different roles during orchid growth and development. Although various mycorrhizal fungi have been isolated fromDendrobiumroots and protocorms, little is known about their specific effects on seed germination and seedling growth. To understand the specific role of isolated fungal strains (i.e.,TulasnellaandSebacina), we used symbiotic culture to compare the effect of 6 fungal strains on seed germination and seedling growth ofDendrobium officinale, an important Chinese medicinal orchid.ResultsIn symbiotic germination tests, 6 fungal strains (4Tulasnellastrains and 2Sebacinastrains) promoted seed germination with different efficiencies. Seeds inoculated withTulasnellastrains S6 and S7 conferred higher germination percentage and faster protocorm development than other fungal strains. In symbiotic cultures, seedlings inoculated withSebacinastrain S3 had optimal fresh and dry matter yield. Also,Tulasnellastrains S6 and S7 promoted seedling growth with good fresh and dry matter yield.Sebacinastrain S2 inoculation greatly enhanced root and tiller production and the content of total crude polysaccharides, although seedlings were smaller with less fresh and dry matter yield than other seedlings.ConclusionsTulasnellaandSebacinastrains could promote seed germination and seedling growth ofD. officinalewith different efficiencies. Our results suggest a non-specific mycorrhizal association and development-dependent preference. Our data provide the basic knowledge for use of different fungal strains in conservation and/or production practices ofD. officinale.
mpfit: a robust method for fitting atomic resolution images with multiple Gaussian peaks
Authors: Mukherjee Debangshu , Miao Leixin , Stone Greg , Alem Nasim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe standard technique for sub-pixel estimation of atom positions from atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images relies on fitting intensity maxima or minima with a two-dimensional Gaussian function. While this is a widespread method of measurement, it can be error prone in images with non-zero aberrations, strong intensity differences between adjacent atoms or in situations where the neighboring atom positions approach the resolution limit of the microscope. Here we demonstrate mpfit, an atom finding algorithm that iteratively calculates a series of overlapping two-dimensional Gaussian functions to fit the experimental dataset and then subsequently uses a subset of the calculated Gaussian functions to perform sub-pixel refinement of atom positions. Based on both simulated and experimental datasets presented in this work, this approach gives lower errors when compared to the commonly used single Gaussian peak fitting approach and demonstrates increased robustness over a wider range of experimental conditions.
High risk plaque criteria by multislice coronary CT angiography in patients with stable vs. unstable coronary artery disease: analytic cross-sectional study
Authors: Oraby Asmaa Safa , Alarabawy Reda Abdelsamie , Abd Alla Taymour Mostafa , Dawoud Mohammed Mahmoud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronary atherosclerotic plaques susceptible to rupture have distinct morphology in comparison to the stable one. Those with high lipid core overlied by fibrous cap are considered to be the most vulnerable one triggering thrombosis and acute coronary syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of 320-row multidetector CT as a non-invasive imaging modality for detection of high-risk plaque criteria via semi-automated quantitative coronary plaque analysis.

Results
Fifty-eight atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated by multislice coronary CT angiography; 36 lesions were detected at unstable patient group and 22 lesions were detected at stable patient group. Non-calcified plaques were more prevalent at unstable patient group, whereas calcified lesions were more prevalent at stable patient group. There was strong correlation between plaque characteristics and clinical presentation represented by OR and 95% CI (NRS; OR 11.870 and 95% CI was 2.65–53.08, LAP; OR was 6.015 and 95% CI was 2.56–14.12). So, NRS and LAP are considered to be high-risk plaque criteria.

Conclusion
Multislice coronary CT angiography could non-invasively detect high-risk plaque criteria. NRS and LAP < 60 are considered to be high-risk plaque criteria suggesting their integration into coronary risk stratification, as well as an intensification of preventive measures.
D-Index–Guided Early Antifungal Therapy Versus Empiric Antifungal Therapy for Persistent Febrile Neutropenia: A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Kanda Yoshinobu , Kimura Shun-ichi , Iino Masaki , Fukuda Takahiro , Sakaida Emiko , Oyake Tatsuo , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Fujiwara Shin-ichiro , Jo Yumi , Okamoto Akinao , Fujita Hiroyuki , Takamatsu Yasushi , Saburi Yoshio , Matsumura Itaru , Yamanouchi Jun , Shiratori Souichi , Gotoh Moritaka , Nakamura Shingen , Tamura Kazuo ,   for the Japan Febrile Neutropenia Study Group
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE Empiric antifungal therapy (EAT) is recommended for persistent febrile neutropenia (FN), but in most patients, it is associated with overtreatment. The D-index, calculated as the area surrounded by the neutrophil curve and the horizontal line at a neutrophil count of 500/μL, reflects both the duration and depth of neutropenia and enables real-time monitoring of the risk of invasive fungal infection in individual patients at no cost. We investigated a novel approach for patients with persistent FN called D-index–guided early antifungal therapy (DET), in which antifungal treatment is postponed until a D-index reaches 5,500 or the detection of positive serum or imaging tests, and compared it with EAT in this multicenter open-label noninferiority randomized controlled trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We randomly assigned 423 patients who underwent chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies to the EAT or DET group. The prophylactic use of antifungal agents other than polyenes, echinocandins, or voriconazole was allowed. Micafungin at 150 mg per day was administered as EAT or DET. RESULTS In an intent-to-treat analysis of 413 patients, the incidence of probable/proven invasive fungal infection was 2.5% in the EAT group and 0.5% in the DET group, which fulfilled the predetermined criterion of noninferiority of the DET group (−2.0%; 90% CI, −4.0% to 0.1%). The survival rate was 98.0% versus 98.6% at day 42 and 96.4% versus 96.2% at day 84. The use of micafungin was significantly reduced in the DET group (60.2% v 32.5%; P < .001). CONCLUSION A novel strategy, DET, decreased the use and cost of antifungal agents without increasing invasive fungal infections and can be a reasonable alternative to empiric or preemptive antifungal therapy.
Rapid Donor Identification Improves Survival in High-Risk First-Remission Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Pagel John M. , Othus Megan , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Fang Min , Radich Jerald P. , Rizzieri David A. , Marcucci Guido , Strickland Stephen A. , Litzow Mark R. , Savoie M. Lynn , Spellman Stephen R. , Confer Dennis L. , Chell Jeffrey W. , Brown Maria , Medeiros Bruno C. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Lin Tara L. , Uy Geoffrey L. , Powell Bayard L. , Bayer Ruthee-Lu , Larson Richard A. , Stone Richard M. , Claxton David , Essell James , Luger Selina M. , Mohan Sanjay R. , Moseley Anna , Erba Harry P. , Appelbaum Frederick R. 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE: Patients with acute myeloid leukemia with high-risk cytogenetics in first complete remission (CR1) achieve better outcomes if they undergo allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) compared with consolidation chemotherapy alone. However, only approximately 40% of such patients typically proceed to HCT. METHODS: We used a prospective organized approach to rapidly identify donors to improve the allogeneic HCT rate in adults with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in CR1. Newly diagnosed patients had cytogenetics obtained at enrollment, and those with high-risk cytogenetics underwent expedited HLA typing and were encouraged to be referred for consultation with a transplantation team with the goal of conducting an allogeneic HCT in CR1. RESULTS: Of 738 eligible patients (median age, 49 years; range, 18-60 years of age), 159 (22%) had high-risk cytogenetics and 107 of these patients (67%) achieved CR1. Seventy (65%) of the high-risk patients underwent transplantation in CR1 ( P < .001 compared with the historical rate of 40%). Median time to HCT from CR1 was 77 days (range, 20-356 days). In landmark analysis, overall survival (OS) among patients who underwent transplantation was significantly better compared with that of patients who did not undergo transplantation (2-year OS, 48% v 35%, respectively [ P = .031]). Median relapse-free survival after transplantation in the high-risk cohort who underwent transplantation in CR1 (n = 70) was 11.5 months (range, 4-47 months), and median OS after transplantation was 14 months (range, 4-44 months). CONCLUSION: Early cytogenetic testing with an organized effort to identify a suitable allogeneic HCT donor led to a CR1 transplantation rate of 65% in the high-risk group, which, in turn, led to an improvement in OS when compared with the OS of patients who did not undergo transplantation.
Destruction and Disjuncture: Ironies of Apology, Exhibition, and Ethnography along British Columbia’s Dammed Peace River
Authors: Willow Anna J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn June 2016, BC Hydro (British Columbia’s provincially-owned electric utility) opened a new exhibit at the W. A. C. Bennett Dam Visitor Centre. The Our Story, Our Voice gallery brought the hardships endured by the region’s First Nations citizens as a result of the fifty-year-old dam to light. A carefully crafted apology from BC Hydro’s Deputy CEO figured prominently in the gallery’s opening ceremony. But with a controversial new dam threatening the province’s last stretch of free-flowing Peace River, both the exhibit and the apology were deeply ironic. This article draws on my complex and contradictory experience at the exhibit’s opening ceremony to ground an exploration of irony’s analytical value: I examine the irony inherent in apologizing for past transgressions while perpetuating very similar new ones, investigate the exhibit itself as a paradoxical presentation, and acknowledge that my presence in British Columbia was possible because of a foundation established by a man—Axel Wenner-Gren—who was both an early proponent of damming the Peace River and an ethnographic enthusiast. Embracing reflexive attention to momentary, power-laden, and occasionally uncomfortable encounters with people, places, and evidence, I demonstrate how contemplating irony can serve as a compelling way to convert experience into understanding.
Contested Indigenous Landscapes: Indian Mounds and the Political Creation of the Mythical “Mound Builder” Race
Authors: Timmerman Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBetween 1790 and 1840, a constructed belief system arose arguing that the numerous Indian mounds were constructed by a separate, more “civilized” “Mound Builder” race. The multiple Mound Builder myths corresponded with a rising nationalism and romanticism in the United States that posited an ancient connection to the Old World. These myths reflected contemporary racial perceptions of American Indians, thus denying American Indian’s ownership of the land and their rightful place in history. Furthermore, the histories of the mounds serve as a modern-day warning against nationalism and pseudo-history for political purposes.
Adaptive Strategies during Times of Conflict and Transformation: Copiapó Valley under the Spanish Conquest in the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Garrido Francisco , González Soledad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores the changes and adaptation of warfare strategies in indigenous societies during the Spanish conquest, through a case study of Copiapó valley in northern Chile. Using ethnohistorical and archaeological data, it explores the experiences and actions of collective agents who transformed their warfare practices and social alliances in order to fight for their autonomy and survival. The Copiapó people transformed from a society characterized by low-scale intermittent warfare to one that employed an intensive mode of conflict and developed broader inter-ethnic alliances. Their relative success in this last stage eventually proved to be an effective bargaining tool to negotiate better conditions for their incorporation into the new colonial system.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Normalized to Fat-Free Mass and Mortality Risk
Authors: IMBODEN MARY T. , KAMINSKY LEONARD A. , PETERMAN JAMES E. , HUTZLER HAYLEE L. , WHALEY MITCHELL H. , FLEENOR BRADLEY S. , HARBER MATTHEW P. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is known to be directly related to fat-free mass (FFM), therefore, it has been suggested that normalizing CRF to FFM (V˙O2peakFFM) may be the most accurate expression of CRF as related to exercise performance and cardiorespiratory function. However, the influence of V˙O2peakFFM (mL·kg FFM−1·min−1) on predicting mortality has been largely unexplored. This study aimed to primarily assess the relationship between V˙O2peakFFM and all-cause and disease-specific mortality risk in apparently healthy adults. Further, this study sought to compare the predictive ability of V˙O2peakFFM to V˙O2peak normalized to total body weight (V˙O2peakTBW) for mortality outcomes.

Methods
Participants included 2905 adults (1555 men, 1350 women) who completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test between 1970 and 2016 to determine CRF. Body composition was assessed using the skinfold method to estimate FFM. Cardiorespiratory fitness was expressed as V˙O2peakTBW and V˙O2peakFFM. Participants were followed for 19.0 ± 11.7 yr after their cardiopulmonary exercise test for mortality outcomes. Cox-proportional hazard models were performed to determine the relationship of V˙O2peakFFM with mortality outcomes. Parameter estimates were assessed to compare the predictive ability of CRF expressed as V˙O2peakTBW and V˙O2peakFFM.

Results
Overall, V˙O2peakFFM was inversely related to all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality, with a 16.2%, 8.4%, and 8.0% lower risk per 1 mL·kg FFM−1·min−1 improvement, respectively (P < 0.01). Further, assessment of the parameter estimates showed V˙O2peakFFM to be a significantly stronger predictor of all-cause mortality than V˙O2peakTBW (parameter estimates, −0.49 vs −0.16).

Conclusions
Body composition is an important factor when considering the relationship between CRF and mortality risk. Clinicians should consider normalizing CRF to FFM when feasible, because it will strengthen the predictive power of the measure.
ACORN (A Clinically-Oriented Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network): a pilot protocol for case based antimicrobial resistance surveillance
Authors: Turner Paul , Ashley Elizabeth A. , Celhay Olivier J. , Douangnouvong Anousone , Hamers Raph L. , Ling Clare L. , Lubell Yoel , Miliya Thyl , Roberts Tamalee , Soputhy Chansovannara , Ngoc Thach Pham , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Waithira Naomi , Wannapinij Prapass , van Doorn H. Rogier 
Published: January 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) / drug resistant infections (DRIs) are a major global health priority. Surveillance data is critical to inform infection treatment guidelines, monitor trends, and to assess interventions. However, most existing AMR / DRI surveillance systems are passive and pathogen-based with many potential biases. Addition of clinical and patient outcome data would provide considerable added value to pathogen-based surveillance. Methods: The aim of the ACORN project is to develop an efficient clinically-oriented AMR surveillance system, implemented alongside routine clinical care in hospitals in low- and middle-income country settings. In an initial pilot phase, clinical and microbiology data will be collected from patients presenting with clinically suspected meningitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Community-acquired infections will be identified by daily review of new admissions, and hospital-acquired infections will be enrolled during weekly point prevalence surveys, on surveillance wards. Clinical variables will be collected at enrolment, hospital discharge, and at day 28 post-enrolment using an electronic questionnaire on a mobile device. These data will be merged with laboratory data onsite using a flexible automated computer script. Specific target pathogens will be Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. A bespoke browser-based app will provide sites with fully interactive data visualisation, analysis, and reporting tools. Discussion: ACORN will generate data on the burden of DRI which can be used to inform local treatment guidelines / national policy and serve as indicators to measure the impact of interventions. Following development, testing and iteration of the surveillance tools during an initial six-month pilot phase, a wider rollout is planned.