bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and safety of surgical microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in elderly patients: a single center analysis in Japan
Authors: Imamura Hajime , Takami Yuko , Ryu Tomoki , Wada Yoshiyuki , Sasaki Shin , Ureshino Hiroki , Saitsu Hideki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe feasibility and safety of microwave ablation in elderly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of surgical microwave ablation for HCC in patients older than 80 years of age. This retrospective study enrolled consecutive 114 patients older than 80 years of age who underwent surgical microwave ablation for HCC between July 1994 and December 2017. We analyzed perioperative outcomes and long-term outcomes to clarify the prognostic factors. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 97.3%, 76.0%, 49.2% and 84.2%, 44.7%, and 32.5%, respectively. The overall major morbidity rates (Clavien–Dindo grade IIIA or above) were 2.6%. There were no cases of mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) positivity and the presence of multiple tumors were independent prognostic factors for long-term outcomes. The overall survival rate of patients with HCV-Ab negative and single tumor was better than that of other patients (p = 0.026). Surgical microwave ablation was feasible and safe for elderly patients with HCC. Elderly patients with HCV-Ab negative and single tumor would be expected to have better long-term outcomes after surgical microwave ablation.
Holistic approach to assess co-benefits of local climate mitigation in a hot humid region of Australia
Authors: Haddad Shamila , Paolini Riccardo , Ulpiani Giulia , Synnefa Afroditi , Hatvani-Kovacs Gertrud , Garshasbi Samira , Fox Jonathan , Vasilakopoulou Konstantina , Nield Lawrence , Santamouris Mattheos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOverheated outdoor environments adversely impact urban sustainability and livability. Urban areas are particularly affected by heat waves and global climate change, which is a serious threat due to increasing heat stress and thermal risk for residents. The tropical city of Darwin, Australia, for example, is especially susceptible to urban overheating that can kill inhabitants. Here, using a modeling platform supported by detailed measurements of meteorological data, we report the first quantified analysis of the urban microclimate and evaluate the impacts of heat mitigation technologies to decrease the ambient temperature in the city of Darwin. We present a holistic study that quantifies the benefits of city-scale heat mitigation to human health, energy consumption, and peak electricity demand. The best-performing mitigation scenario, which combines cool materials, shading, and greenery, reduces the peak ambient temperature by 2.7 °C and consequently decreases the peak electricity demand and the total annual cooling load by 2% and 7.2%, respectively. Further, the proposed heat mitigation approach can save 9.66 excess deaths per year per 100,000 people within the Darwin urban health district. Our results confirm the technological possibilities for urban heat mitigation, which serves as a strategy for mitigating the severity of cumulative threats to urban sustainability.
Direct imaging, three-dimensional interaction spectroscopy, and friction anisotropy of atomic-scale ripples on MoS2
Authors: Dagdeviren Omur E. , Acikgoz Ogulcan , Grütter Peter , Baykara Mehmet Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheory predicts that two-dimensional (2D) materials may only exist in the presence of out-of-plane deformations on atomic length scales, frequently referred to as ripples. While such ripples can be detected via electron microscopy, their direct observation via surface-based techniques and characterization in terms of interaction forces and energies remain limited, preventing an unambiguous study of their effect on mechanical characteristics, including but not limited to friction anisotropy. Here, we employ high-resolution atomic force microscopy to demonstrate the presence of atomic-scale ripples on supported samples of few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Three-dimensional force/energy spectroscopy is utilized to study the effect of ripples on the interaction landscape. Friction force microscopy reveals multiple symmetries for friction anisotropy, explained by studying rippled sample areas as a function of scan size. Our experiments contribute to the continuing development of a rigorous understanding of the nanoscale mechanics of 2D materials.
Ultrafast and anharmonic Rabi oscillations between non-Bloch bands
Authors: Lee Ching Hua , Longhi Stefano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBloch band theory and bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems are attracting great attention in different areas of science. Interband transitions and Rabi flopping induced by emission or absorption of field quanta are fundamental and well-understood processes in Hermitian systems. However, they are challenged in a non-Hermitian system, where band theory is affected by system boundaries. Here we consider Rabi oscillations in non-Hermitian lattices exhibiting unbalanced non-Hermitian skin effect, and unveil an unprecedented scenario of Rabi flopping. The effective dipole moment of the transition - usually considered a bulk property - is however strongly dependent on boundary conditions. Rabi oscillations become anharmonic and transitions cease to be vertical in the energy-momentum plane in systems with open boundaries. Remaining stable even in the presence of complex energies, Rabi oscillations provide a vivid illustration of how competition between non-Hermitian, non-local and Floquet effects can result in significant enhancements of physically measurable quantities.
Using reverse osmosis membranes to control ion transport during water electrolysis
Authors: Shi Le , Rossi Ruggero , Son Moon , Hall Derek M. , Hickner Michael A. , Gorski Christopher A. , Logan Bruce E. 
Published: August 2020

A relatively inexpensive commercially available RO membrane was shown to be useful for direct seawater H2 generation as the membrane can selectively transport protons and hydroxide ions over other salt ions, and keep the inert anolyte contained to avoid chlorine gas evolution.
Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate: diverse functions at the plasma membrane
Authors: Katan Matilda , Cockcroft Shamshad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol(4,5) bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) has become a major focus in biochemistry, cell biology and physiology owing to its diverse functions at the plasma membrane. As a result, the functions of PI(4,5)P2 can be explored in two separate and distinct roles – as a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and as a primary messenger, each having unique properties. Thus PI(4,5)P2 makes contributions in both signal transduction and cellular processes including actin cytoskeleton dynamics, membrane dynamics and ion channel regulation. Signalling through plasma membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and immune receptors all use PI(4,5)P2 as a substrate to make second messengers. Activation of PI3K generates PI(3,4,5)P3 (phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate), a lipid that recruits a plethora of proteins with pleckstrin homology (PH) domains to the plasma membrane to regulate multiple aspects of cellular function. In contrast, PLC activation results in the hydrolysis of PI(4,5)P2 to generate the second messengers, diacylglycerol (DAG), an activator of protein kinase C and inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate (IP3/I(1,4,5)P3) which facilitates an increase in intracellular Ca2+. Decreases in PI(4,5)P2 by PLC also impact on functions that are dependent on the intact lipid and therefore endocytosis, actin dynamics and ion channel regulation are subject to control. Spatial organisation of PI(4,5)P2 in nanodomains at the membrane allows for these multiple processes to occur concurrently.
Magnetospheric accretion in the intermediate-mass T Tauri star HQ Tauri
Authors: Pouilly K. , Bouvier J. , Alecian E. , Alencar S. H. P. , Cody A.-M. , Donati J.-F. , Grankin K. , Hussain G. A. J. , Rebull L. , Folsom C. P. 
Published: August 2020

Context. Classical T Tauri stars are pre-main sequence stars surrounded by an accretion disk. They host a strong magnetic field, and both magnetospheric accretion and ejection processes develop as the young magnetic star interacts with its disk. Studying this interaction is a major goal toward understanding the properties of young stars and their evolution.
Aims. The goal of this study is to investigate the accretion process in the young stellar system HQ Tau, an intermediate-mass T Tauri star (1.9 M⊙).
Methods. The time variability of the system is investigated both photometrically, using Kepler-K2 and complementary light curves, and from a high-resolution spectropolarimetric time series obtained with ESPaDOnS at CFHT.
Results. The quasi-sinusoidal Kepler-K2 light curve exhibits a period of 2.424 d, which we ascribe to the rotational period of the star. The radial velocity of the system shows the same periodicity, as expected from the modulation of the photospheric line profiles by surface spots. A similar period is found in the red wing of several emission lines (e.g., HI, CaII, NaI), due to the appearance of inverse P Cygni components, indicative of accretion funnel flows. Signatures of outflows are also seen in the line profiles, some being periodic, others transient. The polarimetric analysis indicates a complex, moderately strong magnetic field which is possibly sufficient to truncate the inner disk close to the corotation radius, rcor ∼ 3.5 R⋆. Additionally, we report HQ Tau to be a spectroscopic binary candidate whose orbit remains to be determined.
Conclusions. The results of this study expand upon those previously reported for low-mass T Tauri stars, as they indicate that the magnetospheric accretion process may still operate in intermediate-mass pre-main sequence stars, such as HQ Tauri.
Measurement accuracy and spatial resolution of a distributed temperature sensor based on a two-pulse differential coherent reflectometer
Authors: Lukashova T.O. , Nanii O.E. , Nikitin S.P. , Treshchikov V.N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We present a model and numerical simulation of a distributed temperature sensor based on a two-pulse differential coherent optical time-domain reflectometer (COTDR). The differential phase measured using a phase-sensitive Rayleigh reflectometer is shown to have a regular component, which is a linear function of temperature, and a random component, which is related to a random distribution of scattering centres in the fibre and restricts the accuracy of measurements of variations in temperature. Measurement accuracy can be improved by reducing the relative contribution of the random component via a decrease in pulse duration and/or an increase in the time delay between pulses. The spatial resolution of a differential two-pulse phase-sensitive reflectometer is shown to be determined by the time delay between pulses and to vary little with pulse duration. At a typical pulse duration (200 ns) and delay time (300 ns), the accuracy in measurements of variations in temperature in the 0.1-K range is 2 % and the spatial resolution is about 30 m.
Peculiarities of adaptive phase correction of optical wave distortions under conditions of ‘strong’ intensity fluctuations
Authors: Lukin V.P. , Botygina N.N. , Emaleev O.N. , Lavrinov V.V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The reason for the loss of efficiency of adaptive phase correction in the propagation of optical waves in a turbulent atmosphere under conditions of ‘strong’ intensity fluctuations is experimentally explained for the first time. Based on the data from experiments conducted on both horizontal and vertical atmospheric paths, we have found that intensity fluctuations begin to significantly affect phase measurements when the coherence radius of the optical wave becomes less than the radius of the first Fresnel zone. Under these conditions, the main meter of adaptive optics systems, i. e. the Hartmann sensor, no longer provides correct measurements of the phase distribution in the presence of deep amplitude modulation. Based on the study of the behaviour of the mode components of the phase fluctuations reconstructed from the results of measurements in various operating regimes, we have found that, first of all, the amplitudes of the lowest modes of phase fluctuation expansion (tilts, defocusing, and astigmatism) are distorted, which, as the analysis shows, is very different from the regime of weak fluctuations.
Unipolar light: existence, generation, propagation, and impact on microobjects
Authors: Arkhipov R.M. , Arkhipov M.V. , Rosanov N.N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A review is presented of recent works on optical unipolar pulses, whose electric area (integral of the electric field strength over time) is nonzero, which determines the predominant direction of the electric field strength. It is shown that the existence of unipolar pulses does not contradict Maxwell’s equations, and that unipolar pulses can propagate in waveguides. It is emphasised that, along with the spectral, energy, and polarisation parameters, the electric area of short light pulses is also an important characteristic. The unidirectional action of these pulses on microobjects indicates that it is promising to develop methods for generating radiation with such properties. We disciuss methods for the generation, propagation, and interaction of unipolar light with classical and quantum systems, as well as methods for recording the electric area of light pulses.
Compact ultrastable laser system for spectroscopy of 2S1/2 → 2D3/2 quadrupole transition in 171Yb+ ion
Authors: Zalivako I.V. , Semerikov I.A. , Borisenko A.S. , Aksenov M.D. , Vishnyakov P.A. , Sidorov P.L. , Semenin N.V. , Golovizin A.A. , Khabarova K.Yu. , Kolachevsky N.N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report the results of studying a compact laser system designed for manipulating a quantum state of the optical qubit based on the 2S1/2 → 2D3/2 quadrupole transition in the 171Yb+ ion at a wavelength of 435.5 nm. An emission power of the laser system reaches 500 μW at λ = 435.5 nm and the relative frequency instability of at most 3 × 10−15 is achieved at averaging intervals from 0.5 to 50 s with a subtracted linear frequency drift. The compactness of the developed system makes it possible to employ it in transportable systems including optical clocks.
Superluminescent diodes in the spectral range of 1.5 – 1.6 μm based on strain-compensated AlGaInAs/InP quantum wells
Authors: Sabitov D.R. , Ryaboshtan Yu.L. , Svetogorov V.N. , Padalitsa A.A. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Vasil’ev M.G. , Vasil’ev A.M. , Kostin Yu.O. , Shelyakin A.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Superluminescent diodes based on AlGaInAs/InP separate-confinement double heterostructures with strain-compensated quantum wells are investigated. The influence of elastic strains in the active region on the output characteristics of the devices is analysed. It is shown that such a design of a superluminescent diode allows an optical power of more than 5 mW, a radiation spectrum width of more than 60 nm, a degree of output radiation polarisation up to 30 dB to be obtained at the output of a single-mode fibre, and has a great potential for further improvement.
ROS-mediated synthetic growth defect caused by impaired metabolism of sphingolipids and phosphatidylserine in budding yeast
Authors: Toda Takumi , Urita Atsuya , Koga Ayano , Takayama Chihiro , Tani Motohiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPreviously, we found that yeast exhibits a strong growth defect with the combination of a lack of gene involved in structural modification of sphingolipids and repression of the phosphatidylserine synthase gene. Here we found that the double gene mutation causes reactive oxygen species-mediated cell growth defect, which is suppressed by deletion of LEM3 encoding the subunit of phospholipid flippase.
Critical heat engines in massive gravity
Authors: Yerra Pavan Kumar , Bhamidipati Chandrasekhar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With in the extended thermodynamics, we study the efficiency η

k
of critical heat engines for charged black holes in massive gravity for spherical (k = 1), flat (k = 0) and hyperbolic (k = −1) topologies. Although, η

k
is in general higher (lower) for hyperbolic (spherical) topology, we show that this order can be reversed in critical heat engines with efficiency higher for spherical topology, following in particular the order: η
−1 < η
0 < η
+1. Furthermore, the study of the near horizon region of the critical hole shows that, apart from the known q → ∞ condition, additional scalings of massive gravity parameters, based on the topology of the geometry are required, to reveal the presence of a fully decoupled Rindler space-time with vanishing cosmological constant.
Projected Newton method for noise constrained ℓ

p
regularization
Authors: Cornelis J , Vanroose W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Choosing an appropriate regularization term is necessary to obtain a meaningful solution to an ill-posed linear inverse problem contaminated with measurement errors or noise. The ℓ

p
norm covers a wide range of choices for the regularization term since its behavior critically depends on the choice of p and since it can easily be combined with a suitable regularization matrix. We develop an efficient algorithm that simultaneously determines the regularization parameter and corresponding ℓ

p
regularized solution such that the discrepancy principle is satisfied. We project the problem on a low-dimensional generalized Krylov subspace and compute the Newton direction for this much smaller problem. We illustrate some interesting properties of the algorithm and compare its performance with other state-of-the-art approaches using a number of numerical experiments, with a special focus of the sparsity inducing ℓ
1 norm and edge-preserving total variation regularization.
Chemical pressure induced near-complete suppression of spin-wave excitations in Bi0.9A0.1FeO2.95 (A = Ba, Ca)
Authors: Das B K , Sairam T N , Ramachandran B , Ramachandra Rao M S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have probed the changes in the phonon and magnon modes of BiFeO3 on substitution of Ba and Ca at the A-site using infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The systematic hardening of the phonon modes in the doped samples is seen to correlate well with the volume reduction of the unit cell observed from the Rietveld measurements. This is attributed to the generation of chemical pressure in these samples on account of substitution of the dopants. In addition, a near-complete suppression accompanied by a complete lifting of the degeneracy of the magnon modes as compared to the pristine BiFeO3 is detected for the Ca-doped samples. These results suggest that aliovalent doping at A-site affects the crystal field of FeO6 octahedra of BiFeO3, which eventually modifies its magnetic nature. These doping-induced modifications are mainly responsible for the improved magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of the Ca-doped BiFeO3 samples.
Excitation and propagation of spin waves in non-uniformly magnetized waveguides
Authors: Vanderveken Frederic , Ahmad Hasnain , Heyns Marc , Sorée Bart , Adelmann Christoph , Ciubotaru Florin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The characteristics of spin waves in ferromagnetic waveguides with non-uniform magnetization have been investigated for situations where the shape anisotropy field of the waveguide is comparable to the external bias field. Spin-wave generation was realized by the magnetoelastic effect by applying normal and shear strain components, as well as by the Oersted field emitted by an inductive antenna. The magnetoelastic excitation field has a non-uniform profile over the width of the waveguide because of the non-uniform magnetization orientation, whereas the Oersted field remains uniform. Using micromagnetic simulations, we indicate that both types of excitation fields generate quantised width modes with both odd and even mode numbers as well as tilted phase fronts. We demonstrate that these effects originate from the average magnetization orientation with respect to the main axes of the magnetic waveguide. Furthermore, it is indicated that the excitation efficiency of the second-order mode generally surpasses that of the first-order mode due to their symmetry. The relative intensity of the excited modes can be controlled by the strain state as well as by tuning the dimensions of the excitation area. Finally, we demonstrate that the nonreciprocity of spin-wave radiation due to the chirality of an Oersted field generated by an inductive antenna is absent for magnetoelastic spin-wave excitation.
The benefit of high-performance gradients on echo planar imaging for BOLD-based resting-state functional MRI
Authors: Kang Daehun , Jo Hang Joon , In Myung-Ho , Yarach Uten , Meyer Nolan K , Bardwell Speltz Lydia J , Gray Erin M , Trzasko Joshua D , Huston III John , Bernstein Matt A , Shu Yunhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Improved gradient performance in an MRI system reduces distortion in echo planar imaging (EPI), which has been a key imaging method for functional studies. A lightweight, low-cryogen compact 3T MRI scanner (C3T) is capable of achieving 80 mT m−1 gradient amplitude with 700 T m−1 s−1 slew rate, in comparison with a conventional whole-body 3T MRI scanner (WB3T, 50 mT m−1 with 200 T m−1 s−1). We investigated benefits of the high-performance gradients in a high-spatial-resolution (1.5 mm isotropic) functional MRI study. Reduced echo spacing in the EPI pulse sequence inherently leads to less severe geometric distortion, which provided higher accuracy than with WB3T for registration between EPI and anatomical images. The cortical coverage of C3T datasets was improved by more accurate signal depiction (i.e. less dropout or pile-up). Resting-state functional analysis results showed that greater magnitude and extent in functional connectivity (FC) for the C3T than the WB3T when the selected seed region is susceptible to distortions, while the FC matrix for well-known brain networks showed little difference between the two scanners. This shows that the improved quality in EPI is particularly valuable for studying certain brain regions typically obscured by severe distortion.
Self-organized multicellular structures from simple cell signaling: a computational model
Authors: Mulberry Nicola , Edelstein-Keshet Leah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recent synthetic biology experiments reveal that signaling modules designed to target cell–cell adhesion enable self-organization of multicellular structures Toda et al (2018 Science
361 156–162). Changes in homotypic adhesion that arise through contact-dependent signaling networks result in sorting of an aggregate into two- or three-layered structures. Here we investigate the formation, maintenance, and robustness of such self-organization in the context of a computational model. To do so, we use an established model for Notch/ligand signaling within cells to set up differential E-cadherin expression. This signaling model is integrated with the cellular Potts model to track state changes, adhesion, and cell sorting in a group of cells. The resulting multicellular structures are in accordance with those observed in the experimental reference. In addition to reproducing these experimental results, we track the dynamics of the evolving structures and cell states to understand how such morphologies are dynamically maintained. This appears to be an important developmental principle that was not emphasized in previous models. Our computational model facilitates more detailed understanding of the link between intra- and intercellular signaling, spatio-temporal rearrangement, and emergent behavior at the scale of hundred(s) of cells.