bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of human‐to‐wildlife transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Gryseels Sophie , De Bruyn Luc , Gyselings Ralf , Calvignac‐Spencer Sébastien , Leendertz Fabian H. , Leirs Herwig 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt has been a long time since the world has experienced a pandemic with such a rapid devastating impact as the current COVID‐19 pandemic. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is unusual in that it appears capable of infecting many different mammal species. As a significant proportion of people worldwide are infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and may spread the infection unknowingly before symptoms occur or without any symptoms ever occurring, there is a non‐negligible risk of humans spreading SARS‐CoV‐2 to wildlife, in particular to wild non‐human mammals. Because of SARS‐CoV‐2’s apparent evolutionary origins in bats and reports of humans transmitting the virus to pets and zoo animals, regulations for the prevention of human‐to‐animal transmission have so far focused mostly on these animal groups. We summarise recent studies and reports that show that a wide range of distantly related mammals are likely to be susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2, and that susceptibility or resistance to the virus is, in general, not predictable, or only predictable to some extent, from phylogenetic proximity to known susceptible or resistant hosts. In the absence of solid evidence on the susceptibility and resistance to SARS‐CoV‐2 for each of the >6500 mammal species, we argue that sanitary precautions should be taken by humans interacting with any other mammal species in the wild. Preventing human‐to‐wildlife SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission is important to protect these animals (some of which are classed as threatened) from disease, but also to avoid establishment of novel SARS‐CoV‐2 reservoirs in wild mammals. The risk of repeated re‐infection of humans from such a wildlife reservoir could severely hamper SARS‐CoV‐2 control efforts. Activities during which direct or indirect interaction with wild mammals may occur include wildlife research, conservation activities, forestry work, pest control, management of feral populations, ecological consultancy work, management of protected areas and natural environments, wildlife tourism and wildlife rehabilitation in animal shelters. During such activities, we recommend sanitary precautions, such as physical distancing, wearing face masks and gloves, and frequent decontamination, which are very similar to regulations currently imposed to prevent transmission among humans. We further recommend active surveillance of domestic and feral animals that could act as SARS‐CoV‐2 intermediate hosts between humans and wild mammals.
Microvascular dysfunction and kidney disease: Challenges and opportunities?
Authors: Krishnan Suraj , Suarez‐Martinez Ariana D. , Bagher Pooneh , Gonzalez Anjelica , Liu Ruisheng , Murfee Walter L. , Mohandas Rajesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKidneys are highly vascular organs that despite their relatively small size receive 20% of the cardiac output. The highly intricate, delicately organized structure of renal microcirculation is essential to enable renal function and glomerular filtration rate through the local modulation of renal blood flow and intraglomerular pressure. Not surprisingly, the dysregulation of blood flow within the microvessels (abnormal vasoreactivity), fibrosis driven by disordered vascular‐renal cross talk, or the loss of renal microvasculature (rarefaction) is associated with kidney disease. In addition, kidney disease can cause microcirculatory dysfunction in distant organs such as the heart and brain, mediated by mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The objective of this review is to highlight the role of renal microvasculature in kidney disease. The overview will outline the impetus to study renal microvasculature, the bidirectional relationship between kidney disease and microvascular dysfunction, the key pathways driving microvascular diseases such as vasoreactivity, the cell dynamics coordinating fibrosis, and vessel rarefaction. Finally, we will also briefly highlight new therapies targeting the renal microvasculature to improve renal function.
Standardized microfluidic assessment of red blood cell–mediated microcapillary occlusion: Association with clinical phenotype and hydroxyurea responsiveness in sickle cell disease
Authors: Man Yuncheng , Kucukal Erdem , An Ran , Bode Allison , Little Jane A. , Gurkan Umut A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe present a standardized in vitro microfluidic assay and Occlusion Index (OI) for the assessment of red blood cell (RBC)–mediated microcapillary occlusion and its clinical associations in sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsRed blood cell mediated microcapillary occlusion represented by OI and its clinical associations were assessed for seven subjects with hemoglobin‐SC disease (HbSC), 18 subjects with homozygous SCD (HbSS), and five control individuals (HbAA).ResultsWe identified two sub‐populations with HbSS based on the OI distribution. HbSS subjects with relatively higher OIs had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, lower fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels, and lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV), but significantly higher serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and absolute reticulocyte counts, compared to subjects with HbSS and lower OIs. HbSS subjects who had relatively higher OIs were more likely to have had a concomitant diagnosis of intrapulmonary shunting (IPS). Further, lower OI associated with hydroxyurea (HU) responsiveness in subjects with HbSS, as evidenced by significantly elevated HbF levels and MCV.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that RBC‐mediated microcapillary occlusion and OI associated with subject clinical phenotype and HU responsiveness in SCD. The presented standardized microfluidic assay may be useful for evaluating clinical phenotype and assessing therapeutic outcomes in SCD, including emerging targeted and curative treatments that aim to improve RBC deformability and microcirculatory health.
A Unified test for the Intercept of a Predictive Regression Model*
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Liu Yuzi , Rao Yao , Lu Fucai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTesting the predictability of the predictive regression model is of great interest in economics and finance. Recently, (Zhu et al. (2014) Predictive regressions for macroeconomic data, Vol. 8, pp. 577–594.) proposed a unified test to account for this issue. Their test has a desirable property that its limit distribution is standard regardless of the regressor being stationary, near unit root or unit root. However, this test depends on, a priori, whether there is an intercept in the predictive regression while this is usually unknown in practice. In this paper, using empirical likelihood inference, we develop a unified pretest for the intercept, as a pretest to determine the choice of the predictability test. Simulations studies confirm that the proposed pretest works well. Two real data examples are also provided to illustrate the importance of such pretest. The first revisits the S&P 500 index data and the second investigates stock return predictability and investor sentiment for six countries.
IL‐1 signaling pathway molecules as key markers in childhood asthma
Authors: Wei Wenping , Huang Jiaqi , Ma Yu , Ma Xingjie , Fang Ling , Fang Wei , Hao Chuangli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of childhood asthma has been increasing in recent years. This study aims to investigate the involvement of the key molecules of IL‐1 (interleukin‐1) signaling pathways in pediatric patients with asthma.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with IL‐1 signaling pathways were identified with RNA‐seq from peripheral blood samples collected from asthmatic or healthy children and were further verified in clinical peripheral blood samples. Cellular models and asthmatic mice were subsequently developed to validate the identified asthmatic markers.ResultsAmong the DEGs identified by RNA‐seq, eight signal transducers associated with the IL‐1 signaling network, namely IL‐1RN, IL‐1β, IL‐1RAP, IRAK3, IL‐1R1, MYD88, IRAK2, and PELI1, were found to be substantially upregulated in children with asthma. Interestingly, a significant serially increased expression of four genes (IL‐1RN, IL‐1RAP, IRAK3, and PELI1) was observed in healthy subjects, patients with chronic persistent asthma and patients with acute exacerbation asthma. In particular, these four genes were continuously overexpressed in recurrent patients. A significant induction of the above four genes was then observed in house dust mite (HDM)–stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and ovalbumin (OVA)–induced asthmatic mice. In addition, a time‐dependent induction of IL‐1RAP and PELI1 was also detected in HDM‐treated THP‐1 cells, an acute monocytic leukemia cell line.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that IL‐1RN, IL‐1RAP, IRAK3, and PELI1, which are signal transducers of the IL‐1 signaling pathway, could serve as biomarkers for the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and for potential therapeutic targets of asthma.
Variation in immunosuppression practices among pediatric liver transplant centers—Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation survey results
Authors: Slowik Voytek , Lerret Stacee M. , Lobritto Steven J. , Voulgarelis Stylianos , Vitola Bernadette E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVariation in IS exists among pediatric liver transplant centers. While individual centers may publish their practice paradigms, current data on practices as a whole are lacking. This study sought to ascertain the IS protocols of pediatric liver transplant centers within the SPLIT to better understand variability and similarities among peer institutions.MethodsA 27‐item questionnaire was developed within the SPLIT Quality Improvement and Clinical Care Committee. The survey collected data regarding center demographics, IS practices, and treatment of acute cellular rejection.ResultsTwenty‐eight (64%) SPLIT centers responded with 22 (79%) centers performing more than 10 transplants per year and 17 (61%) following more than 100 post‐transplant recipients. All centers use a written protocol, and 25 (89%) have a dedicated transplant pharmacist/PharmD. Twenty‐five (89%) centers use steroids for induction alone or in combination with thymoglobulin/interleukin‐2 antibodies. All centers use tacrolimus for initial maintenance therapy. Most centers have specialized protocols for ABO‐incompatible transplants, recipients with renal dysfunction, autoimmune liver diseases, and liver tumors. Treatment of rejection varied but was associated with escalation in IS.ConclusionIS practices among pediatric liver transplant centers are similar including the use of written protocols, pharmacy involvement, steroids for induction, tacrolimus as initial IS, tacrolimus reduction/delay for renal dysfunction, and escalation of IS with rejection severity. However, other IS practices show wide variability including treatment for ABO‐incompatible grafts and presumed rejection. This study serves as a foundation to guide prospective research linking IS practice to outcomes to determine best practice.
Modeling the Impact of a Model: The (Non)Relationship between China's Economic Rise and African Democracy
Authors: Davidsson Simon 
Published: October 2020

Many scholars have regarded China's emergence as an economic force as a threat to democracy in Africa, presenting China as the exporter of an authoritarian model through its rising economic influence. This article investigates how well founded the contended Chinese economic threat to Africa is by both analyzing the data at a very fundamental level and applying time‐series, cross‐sectional analysis to economic and political data. In particular, the relationship between Chinese economic interactions with African states and democracy is explored. The analysis considers different aspects of an economic interaction with China measured both as share of GDP and of country totals. I do not find a relationship between Chinese economic interaction with African states and democracy in these states. The article thus contributes much important groundwork concerning the existence of patterns in Chinese economic relations and democracy, as well as some specific links between these economic relations and political change.Related Articles (in this Special Issue)Åberg, John H. S., and Derick Becker. 2020. “China as Exemplar: Justin Lin, New Structural Economics, and the Unorthodox Orthodoxy of the China Model.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Duggan, Niall. 2020. “China—The Champion of the Developing World: A Study of China's new Development Model and its Role in Changing Global Economic Governance.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Ziso, Edson. 2020. “The Political Economy of the Chinese Model in Ethiopia.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).
China—The Champion of the Developing World: A Study of China's new Development Model and its Role in Changing Global Economic Governance
Authors: Duggan Niall 
Published: October 2020

One of the key questions in international political economy is how the ascent of the People's Republic of China (PRC) will affect global economic governance. The rise of the PRC, the success of its new development model, and the attempts to replicate that model in regions, such as Africa, have fueled a new round of debates concerning the sustainability of the transatlantic norms, ideas, and institutions that have dominated global economic governance. As several regions are attempting to adopt aspects of the PRC's model, the success of China's development model represents a new force in defining the rules of the game. Using role theory, this study examines the PRC's self‐described role as the “Champion of the Developing World” in global economic governance and uncovers how the PRC's new development model affects the PRC's current position within and outside the architecture of global economic governance.Related Articles (in this Special Issue)Åberg, John H. S., and Derick Becker. 2020. “China as Exemplar: Justin Lin, New Structural Economics, and the Unorthodox Orthodoxy of the China Model.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Babones, Salvatore. 2020. “China's Development Model: Can it be Replicated in Sub‐Saharan Africa?” Politics & Policy 48 (5).Ziso, Edson. 2020. “The Political Economy of the Chinese Model in Ethiopia.” Politics & Policy 48 (5).
Human Judgment in algorithmic loops: Individual justice and automated decision‐making
Authors: Binns Reuben 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArguments in favor of tempering algorithmic decision making with human judgment often appeal to concepts and criteria derived from legal philosophy about the nature of law and legal reasoning, arguing that algorithmic systems cannot satisfy them (but humans can). Such arguments often make implicit appeal to the notion that each case needs to be assessed on its own merits, without comparison to or generalization from previous cases. This article argues that this notion of individual justice can only be meaningfully served through human judgment. It distinguishes individual justice and considers how it relates to other dimensions of justice, namely consistency and fairness / nondiscrimination. Finally, it identifies and discussess two challenges: first, how individual justice can be accommodated alongside other dimensions of justice in the socio‐technical contexts of humans‐in‐the‐loop; and second, how inequities in individual justice may result from an uneven application of human judgment in algorithmic contexts.
Geochronology and S–Pb–O–H isotopic constraints on the generation of the Luoyang Fe deposit in southwest Fujian Province, SE China
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Da , Yu Tengda , Wu Ganguo , Di Yongjun , Zhang Yaoyao , Yao Jiming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Luoyang Fe polymetallic deposit is a well‐known Makeng‐type ore deposit in a late Paleozoic basin in southwest Fujian, southeast China. To investigate the generation of Makeng‐type Fe deposits, we conducted an integrated study of geochronology and S–Pb–O–H isotope compositions of the Luoyang Fe deposit. The LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb ages of the granite and Re–Os ages of the molybdenite suggest that the emplacement of the granite was coeval with the mineralization of the Luoyang deposit at 133–131 Ma. The H–O and S–Pb isotope compositions indicate that the metallogenic material of the Luoyang deposit had a magmatic hydrothermal source, and was derived mainly from the upper crust with a low degree of contamination of mantle material. The Pb isotope analyses of the ore minerals show that the Luoyang Fe deposit formed in an orogenic setting.
Tea With Milk? A Hierarchical Generative Framework of Sequential Event Comprehension
Authors: Kuperberg Gina R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo make sense of the world around us, we must be able to segment a continual stream of sensory inputs into discrete events. In this review, I propose that in order to comprehend events, we engage hierarchical generative models that “reverse engineer” the intentions of other agents as they produce sequential action in real time. By generating probabilistic predictions for upcoming events, generative models ensure that we are able to keep up with the rapid pace at which perceptual inputs unfold. By tracking our certainty about other agents' goals and the magnitude of prediction errors at multiple temporal scales, generative models enable us to detect event boundaries by inferring when a goal has changed. Moreover, by adapting flexibly to the broader dynamics of the environment and our own comprehension goals, generative models allow us to optimally allocate limited resources. Finally, I argue that we use generative models not only to comprehend events but also to produce events (carry out goal‐relevant sequential action) and to continually learn about new events from our surroundings. Taken together, this hierarchical generative framework provides new insights into how the human brain processes events so effortlessly while highlighting the fundamental links between event comprehension, production, and learning.
Predicting likelihood of in vivo chemotherapy response in canine lymphoma using ex vivo drug sensitivity and immunophenotyping data in a machine learning model
Authors: Bohannan Zach , Pudupakam Raghavendra Sumanth , Koo Jamin , Horwitz Harrison , Tsang Josephine , Polley Amanda , Han Enyang James , Fernandez Elmer , Park Stanley , Swartzfager Deanna , Qi Nicholas Seah Xi , Tu Chantal , Rankin Wendi Velando , Thamm Douglas H. , Lee Hye‐Ryeon , Lim Sungwon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a precision medicine platform that evaluates the probability of chemotherapy drug efficacy for canine lymphoma by combining ex vivo chemosensitivity and immunophenotyping assays with computational modelling. We isolated live cancer cells from fresh fine needle aspirates of affected lymph nodes and collected post‐treatment clinical responses in 261 canine lymphoma patients scheduled to receive at least 1 of 5 common chemotherapy agents (doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, lomustine and rabacfosadine). We used flow cytometry analysis for immunophenotyping and ex vivo chemosensitivity testing. For each drug, 70% of treated patients were randomly selected to train a random forest model to predict the probability of positive Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG) clinical response based on input variables including antigen expression profiles and treatment sensitivity readouts for each patient's cancer cells. The remaining 30% of patients were used to test model performance. Most models showed a test set ROC‐AUC > 0.65, and all models had overall ROC‐AUC > 0.95. Predicted response scores significantly distinguished (P < .001) positive responses from negative responses in B‐cell and T‐cell disease and newly diagnosed and relapsed patients. Patient groups with predicted response scores >50% showed a statistically significant reduction (log‐rankP < .05) in time to complete response when compared to the groups with scores <50%. The computational models developed in this study enabled the conversion of ex vivo cell‐based chemosensitivity assay results into a predicted probability of in vivo therapeutic efficacy, which may help improve treatment outcomes of individual canine lymphoma patients by providing predictive estimates of positive treatment response.
Identifying the health care–initiated and self-initiated interventions used by women for the management of rectal emptying difficulty secondary to obstructive defecation: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Eustice Sharon , James Alison , Endacott Ruth , Kent Bridie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective:
This scoping review aims to identify interventions used by women for the management of rectal emptying difficulty secondary to obstructive defecation.

Introduction:
Rectal emptying difficulty is typically a symptom of obstructive defecation syndrome. Even though a range of interventions are already available for this condition, this review is necessary to increase understanding of what interventions women find useful and are acceptable for them. This depth of understanding will facilitate the development of a specific care pathway to support women living with rectal emptying difficulty secondary to obstructive defecation syndrome.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that include adult women (over 18 years of age) living in the community who have experienced difficulty with rectal emptying secondary to obstructive defecation and who have not had surgical intervention. Exclusion criteria include prolapse surgery and surgical techniques, oral laxatives, vaginal pessaries, cognitive impairment, pregnancy, and those residing in care homes.

Methods:
The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Emcare, AMED, Web of Science, Scopus, PROSPERO, Open Grey, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, UK Clinical Trials Gateway, International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Library, and gray literature. Studies conducted in English from any time period will be considered for inclusion. The titles and abstracts will then be screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review.