bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with Community Mental Health post the Fukushima disaster: lessons learnt for the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Momoi M , Murakami M , Horikoshi N , Maeda M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Under the COVID-19 pandemic, mitigation of psychological distress is required. At present, the demand for remote intervention for the numerous affected people is increasing, and telephonic support can be useful. Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, we have been developing a large-scale telephonic support system and implementing brief interventions for the Fukushima people identified at risk of psychological problems such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this article, we report the lessons from the Fukushima disaster that can be applied to the COVID-19 pandemic and describe how the telephonic intervention facilitates easier access to psychological help for people with a broad range of psychological distress who are not able to visit treatment or care resources. In our telephonic intervention, we first sent a mental health and lifestyle survey to the people affected by the Fukushima disaster. The counselor team then provided telephonic intervention to high-risk persons as identified on the basis of the survey results. The individuals had expected to receive from the telephonic system help mainly in the form of stress-coping methods, social resource information such as schools, public offices or medical facilities, and lifestyle advice. Since we also experienced that psychological care for telephone counselors was necessary to mitigate the substantial emotional burden, we used the following three approaches: (i) regular supervision of the telephone counseling methods, (ii) seminars for improvement of counseling skills and (iii) individual psychological support. The positive loops between counselors and consulters will help advance a society affected by a disaster.
Highly sensitive serum cardiac troponin T and cardiovascular events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (TROPOPLUS study)
Authors: Chezel Julie , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Laouénan Cedric , Rouzaud Diane , Chenevier-Gobeaux Camille , Le Guern Véronique , Mathian Alexis , Belhadi Drifa , de Almeida Chaves Sébastien , Duhaut Pierre , Fain Olivier , Galicier Lionel , Ghillani-Dalbin Pascale , Kahn Jean Emmanuel , Morel Nathalie , Perard Laurent , Pha Micheline , Saidoune Fanny , Sarrot-Reynauld Francoise , Aumaitre Olivier , Chasset François , Limal Nicolas , Desmurs-Clavel Helene , Ackermann Felix , Amoura Zahir , Papo Thomas , Sacre Karim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Identification of biological markers able to better stratify cardiovascular risks in SLE patients is needed. We aimed to determine whether serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels measured with a highly sensitive assay [high sensitivity cTnT (HS-cTnT)] may predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) in SLE.

Method
All SLE patients included between 2007 and 2010 in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre PLUS trial were screened. Patients with no past history of CVE at inclusion and a follow-up period of &gt;20 months were analysed. HS-cTnT concentration was measured using the electrochemiluminescence method on serum collected at PLUS inclusion. The primary outcome was the incident CVE. Factors associated with the primary outcome were identified and multivariate analysis was performed.

Results
Overall, 442 SLE patients (of the 573 included in the PLUS study) were analysed for the primary outcome with a median follow up of 110 (interquartile range: 99–120) months. Among them, 29 (6.6%) experienced at least one CVE that occurred at a median of 67 (interquartile range: 31–91) months after inclusion. Six out of 29 patients had more than one CVE. In the multivariate analysis, dyslipidaemia, age and HS-cTnT were associated with the occurrence of CVE. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that a concentration of HS-cTnT &gt; 4.27 ng/l at inclusion increased by 2.7 [hazard ratio 2.7 (95% CI: 1.3, 5.6), P =0.0083] the risk of CVE in SLE.

Conclusion
HS-cTnT measured in serum is the first identified biomarker independently associated with incident CVE in SLE patients.
RF-EMF EXPOSURE LEVELS IN SENSITIVE LAND USE IN GREECE: EDUCATIONAL UNITS CENSUS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF KORYDALLOS
Authors: Alexias Aris , Kiouvrekis Yiannis , Softa Vasiliki , Kappas Constantin , Tyrakis Charilaos , Theodorou Kiki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The growing popularity of mobile phones and the expansion of network infrastructure in Greece have raised concerns about the possible negative health effects on sensitive groups, such as children, from exposure to long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs).

Aims
The objective of this study is to estimate mean RF-EMF exposure levels of primary and secondary education schools located in the municipality of Korydallos, Athens, Greece.

Methods
We performed measurements to all the schools units ($n=62$) in the region in order to calculate the mean value for RF-EMF exposure in the range of 27 MHz–3 GHz, which covers the whole spectrum of RF-EMF sources.

Results
At the $97.5\%$ of schools found in Korydallos region, the exposure level is at least 2200 times below the Greek exposure limits.

Conclusion
The exposure levels in the locations tested are both below $60\%$ of the highest limit set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection regarding school exposures.
Gender Regimes in the Middle East and North Africa: The Power of Feminist Movements
Authors: Moghadam Valentine M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApplying Walby’s model of gender regime, with some modifications, to the Middle East and North Africa, I highlight the importance of the family as an institutional domain, replace the ideal types of social-democratic and neoliberal public gender regimes with neopatriarchal and conservative-corporatist, and elucidate feminist organizing and mobilizing as a key driver in the transition from one public gender regime to another in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. The article contributes to theory-building on (varieties of) gender regimes by underscoring (sub)regional specificities across the capitalist world-system’s economic zones and emphasizing the role of feminist activism.
Relationship between genetic knowledge and familial communication of CRC risk and intent to communicate CRCP genetic information: insights from FamilyTalk eMERGE III
Authors: Makhnoon Sukh , Bowen Deborah J , Shirts Brian H , Fullerton Stephanie M , Meischke Hendrika W , Larson Eric B , Ralston James D , Leppig Kathleen , Crosslin David R , Veenstra David , Jarvik Gail P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Successful translation of genetic information into patient-centered care and improved outcomes depends, at least in part, on patients’ genetic knowledge. Although genetic knowledge is believed to be an important facilitator of familial communication of genetic risk information, empirical evidence of this association is lacking. We examined whether genetic knowledge was related to frequency of current familial communication about colorectal cancer and polyp (CRCP) risk, and future intention to share CRCP-related genomic test results with family members in a clinical sample of patients. We recruited 189 patients eligible for clinical CRCP sequencing to the eMERGE III FamilyTalk randomized controlled trial and surveyed them about genetic knowledge and familial communication at baseline. Participants were primarily Caucasian, 47% male, average age of 68 years, mostly well educated, and with high-income levels. Genetic knowledge was positively associated with future-intended familial communication of genetic information (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.23), but not associated with current communication of CRC risk (β = 0.01, p = .58). Greater current communication of CRC risk was associated with better family functioning (β = 0.04, p = 8.2e-5). Participants’ genetic knowledge in this study was minimally associated with their intended familial communication of genetic information. Although participants have good intentions of communication, family-level factors may hinder actual follow through of these intentions. Continued focus on improving proband’s genetic knowledge coupled with interventions to overcome family-level barriers to communication may be needed to improve familial communication rates.
UC Davis Train-the-Trainer Primary Care Pain Management Fellowship: Addressing the Pain Management Education Gap
Authors: Fishman Scott M. , Copenhaver David , Lorenzen Kathryn , Schlingmann Ellery , Chung Christy 
Published: June 2020

Problem
Primary care providers are responsible for the majority of pain care and opioid prescribing, but they are often inadequately trained. Training current providers to address the crisis of excessive opioid prescribing and inadequate pain management is a substantial workforce problem that requires urgent action. This educational need is vast and requires a staged solution to amplify its effect.

Approach
The University of California, Davis Train-the-Trainer (T3) Primary Care Pain Management Fellowship targets the most pressing topics related to pain management, including prescription drug abuse, responsible opioid prescribing, and substance abuse, as well as broad coverage of comprehensive pain management. It offers an innovative, scalable solution to address the education gap in pain management that, in part, fuels the opioid epidemic in the United States. The T3 Fellowship incorporates a competency-based curriculum and a hybrid educational model of in-person and distance-based learning and direct faculty–fellow mentoring to comprehensively train primary care providers in pain care and prepare them to train others. Since it was established in 2017, 2 cohorts (of 17 and 26 fellows) have completed the 10-month fellowship and a third cohort of 38 fellows started the program in September 2019.

Outcomes
Pre- and postprogram surveys for the first 2 cohorts, and a 6-month postprogram survey for the first cohort, demonstrated fellows’ improvement and sustained performance in pain competencies as well as increased recognition and understanding of pain and related topics.

Next Steps
If adopted by other institutions and expanded across the country, the T3 Fellowship holds potential for developing an ever-growing legion of trained professionals who will locally fill the need for effective pain management, including appropriate opioid prescribing. Advancing this model will require further economic and feasibility studies to assess costs, resources, and other variables, as well as a robust comprehensive outcomes program.
Testosterone and longevity in men and women: A Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Schooling CM , Zhao JV 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAfter decades of rising life expectancy, life expectancy in the developed West is currently stagnated and remains shorter in men than women. Very well-established evolutionary biology theory suggests that lifespan trades off against reproductive success, possibly sex-specifically. We examined whether a key driver of reproductive success, testosterone, affected lifespan using a Mendelian randomization study of longevity in the UK Biobank to obtain unbiased estimates, along with control exposures.MethodsWe applied published genetic instruments for testosterone to obtain inverse variance weighted estimates of associations with longevity, proxied by survival to (i.e., age at) recruitment, in 167020 men and 194174 women. We similarly obtained estimates for smoking initiation, and absorbate, a marker of vitamin C metabolism, because. We also conducted sensitivity analysis.ResultsOverall testosterone was associated with poorer survival (0.10 years younger at recruitment per effect size of testosterone, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.004 to 0.20). As expected, smoking initiation was also associated with poorer survival (0.37 years younger, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.50), but not absorbate (0.01 years younger, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.11). Sensitivity analysis generally gave a similar interpretationConclusionsConsistent, with well-established theory, testosterone reduced longevity. Several aspects of a healthy lifestyle (such as a low animal fat diet) and several widely used medications (such as statins, metformin, dexamethasone and possibly aspirin) happen to modulate testosterone. Explicitly designing interventions sex-specifically based on these insights might be a means of addressing stagnating life expectancy and sexual disparities in life expectancy.
Accommodating individual travel history, global mobility, and unsampled diversity in phylogeography: a SARS-CoV-2 case study
Authors: Lemey Philippe , Hong Samuel , Hill Verity , Baele Guy , Poletto Chiara , Colizza Vittoria , O’Toole Áine , McCrone John T. , Andersen Kristian G. , Worobey Michael , Nelson Martha I. , Rambaut Andrew , Suchard Marc A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpatiotemporal bias in genome sequence sampling can severely confound phylogeographic inference based on discrete trait ancestral reconstruction. This has impeded our ability to accurately track the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the availability of unprecedented numbers of SARS-CoV-2 genomes on a global scale, evolutionary reconstructions are hindered by the slow accumulation of sequence divergence over its relatively short transmission history. When confronted with these issues, incorporating additional contextual data may critically inform phylodynamic reconstructions. Here, we present a new approach to integrate individual travel history data in Bayesian phylogeographic inference and apply it to the early spread of SARS-CoV-2, while also including global air transportation data. We demonstrate that including travel history data for each SARS-CoV-2 genome yields more realistic reconstructions of virus spread, particularly when travelers from undersampled locations are included to mitigate sampling bias. We further explore methods to ameliorate the impact of sampling bias by augmenting the phylogeographic analysis with lineages from undersampled locations in the analyses. Our reconstructions reinforce specific transmission hypotheses suggested by the inclusion of travel history data, but also suggest alternative routes of virus migration that are plausible within the epidemiological context but are not apparent with current sampling efforts. Although further research is needed to fully examine the performance of our travel-aware phylogeographic analyses with unsampled diversity and to further improve them, they represent multiple new avenues for directly addressing the colossal issue of sample bias in phylogeographic inference.
A nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 for rapid neutralization testing and screening of anti-infective drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Xie Xuping , Muruato Antonio E. , Zhang Xianwen , Lokugamage Kumari G. , Fontes-Garfias Camila R. , Zou Jing , Liu Jianying , Ren Ping , Balakrishnan Mini , Cihlar Tomas , Tseng Chien-Te K. , Makino Shinji , Menachery Vineet D. , Bilello John P. , Shi Pei-Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA high-throughput platform would greatly facilitate COVID-19 serological testing and antiviral screening. Here we report a nanoluciferase SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-Nluc) that is genetically stable and replicates similarly to the wild-type virus in cell culture. We demonstrate that the optimized reporter virus assay in Vero E6 cells can be used to measure neutralizing antibody activity in patient sera and produces results in concordance with a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Compared with the low-throughput PRNT (3 days), the SARS-CoV-2-Nluc assay has substantially shorter turnaround time (5 hours) with a high-throughput testing capacity. Thus, the assay can be readily deployed for large-scale vaccine evaluation and neutralizing antibody testing in humans. Additionally, we developed a high-throughput antiviral assay using SARS-CoV-2-Nluc infection of A549 cells expressing human ACE2 receptor (A549-hACE2). When tested against this reporter virus, remdesivir exhibited substantially more potent activity in A549-hACE2 cells compared to Vero E6 cells (EC500.115 vs 1.28 μM), while this difference was not observed for chloroquine (EC501.32 vs 3.52 μM), underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate cells for antiviral testing. Using the optimized SARS-CoV-2-Nluc assay, we evaluated a collection of approved and investigational antivirals and other anti-infective drugs. Nelfinavir, rupintrivir, and cobicistat were identified as the most selective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2-Nluc (EC500.77 to 2.74 μM). In contrast, most of the clinically approved antivirals, including tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and velpatasvir were inactive at concentrations up to 10 μM. Collectively, this high-throughput platform represents a reliable tool for rapid neutralization testing and antiviral screening for SARS-CoV-2.
Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes
Authors: Zhou Tongqing , Teng I-Ting , Olia Adam S. , Cerutti Gabriele , Gorman Jason , Nazzari Alexandra , Shi Wei , Tsybovsky Yaroslav , Wang Lingshu , Wang Shuishu , Zhang Baoshan , Zhang Yi , Katsamba Phinikoula S. , Petrova Yuliya , Banach Bailey B. , Fahad Ahmed S. , Liu Lihong , Acevedo Sheila N. Lopez , Madan Bharat , de Souza Matheus Oliveira , Pan Xiaoli , Wang Pengfei , Wolfe Jacy R. , Yin Michael , Ho David D. , Phung Emily , DiPiazza Anthony , Chang Lauren , Abiona Olubukula , Corbett Kizzmekia S. , DeKosky Brandon J. , Graham Barney S. , Mascola John R. , Misasi John , Ruckwardt Tracy , Sullivan Nancy J. , Shapiro Lawrence , Kwong Peter D. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBiotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. To develop such probes, we designed constructs incorporating an N-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. Probe regions included full-length spike ectodomain as well as various subregions, and we also designed mutants to eliminate recognition of the ACE2 receptor. Yields of biotin-labeled probes from transient transfection ranged from ∼0.5 mg/L for the complete ectodomain to >5 mg/L for several subregions. Probes were characterized for antigenicity and ACE2 recognition, and the structure of the spike ectodomain probe was determined by cryo-electron microscopy. We also characterized antibody-binding specificities and cell-sorting capabilities of the biotinylated probes. Altogether, structure-based design coupled to efficient purification and biotinylation processes can thus enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike-ectodomain probes.
A whole-cortex probabilistic diffusion tractography connectome
Authors: Rosen Burke Q. , Halgren Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe WU-Minn Human Connectome Project (HCP) is a publicly-available dataset containing state-of-art structural, functional, and diffusion-MRI for over a thousand healthy subjects. While the planned scope of the HCP included an anatomical connectome, resting-state functional-MRI forms the bulk of the HCP’s current connectomic output. We address this by presenting a full-cortex connectome derived from probabilistic diffusion tractography and organized into the HCP-MMP1.0 atlas. Probabilistic methods and large sample sizes are preferable for whole-connectome mapping as they increase the fidelity of traced low-probability connections. We find that overall, connection strengths are lognormally distributed and decay exponentially with tract length, that connectivity reasonably matches macaque histological tracing in homologous areas, that contralateral homologs and left-lateralized language areas are hyperconnected, and that hierarchical similarity influences connectivity. We compare the diffusion-MRI connectome to existing resting-state fMRI and cortico-cortico evoked potential connectivity matrices and find that it is more similar to the latter. This work helps fulfill the promise of the HCP and will make possible comparisons between the underlying structural connectome and functional connectomes of various modalities, brain states, and clinical conditions.Significance StatementThe tracts between cortical parcels can be estimated from diffusion MRI, but most studies concentrate on only the largest connections. Here we present an atlas, the largest and most detailed of its kind, showing connections among all cortical parcels. Connectivity is relatively enhanced between frontotemporal language areas and homologous contralateral locations. We find that connectivity decays with fiber tract distance more slowly than predicted by brain volume and that structural and stimulation-derived connectivity are more similar to each other than to resting-state functional MRI correlations. The connectome presented is publicly available and organized into a commonly used scheme for defining brain areas in order to enable ready comparison to other brain imaging datasets of various modalities.
MRBLES 2.0: High-throughput generation of chemically functionalized spectrally and magnetically-encoded hydrogel beads using a simple single-layer microfluidic device
Authors: Feng Yinnian , White Adam K. , Hein Jamin B. , Appel Eric A. , Fordyce Polly M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWidespread adoption of bead-based multiplexed bioassays requires the ability to easily synthesize encoded microspheres and conjugate analytes of interest to their surface. Here, we present a simple method (MRBLEs 2.0) for efficient high-throughput generation of microspheres with ratiometric barcode lanthanide encoding (MRBLEs) bearing functional groups for downstream bioconjugation. Bead production in MRBLEs 2.0 relies on manual mixing of lanthanide/polymer mixtures (each of which comprises a unique spectral code) followed by droplet generation using single-layer, parallel flow-focusing devices and off-chip batch polymerization of droplets into beads. To streamline downstream analyte coupling, MRBLEs 2.0 crosslinks copolymers bearing functional groups on the bead surface simultaneously during bead generation. Using the MRBLEs 2.0 pipeline, we generate monodisperse MRBLEs containing 48 distinct well-resolved spectral codes in high-throughput (>150,000/min and can be boosted to 450,000/min). We further demonstrate the efficient conjugation of oligonucleotides and entire proteins to carboxyl MRBLEs and biotin to amino MRBLEs. Finally, we show that MRBLEs can also be magnetized via simultaneous incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles with only a minor decrease in the potential code space. We anticipate that MRBLEs 2.0 can be directly applied towards a wide variety of downstream assays from basic biology to diagnostics and other translational research.