bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose-Corrected Serum Concentrations and Metabolite to Parent Compound Ratios of Venlafaxine and Risperidone from Childhood to Old Age
Authors: Fekete Stefanie , Scherf-Clavel Maike , Unterecker Stefan , Egberts Karin , Gerlach Manfred , Romanos Marcel , Kittel-Schneider Sarah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective Comparative pharmacokinetic data about the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) and the antipsychotic drug risperidone (RIS) over the lifespan and especially in children and adolescents is lacking. This is the first cross-sectional study that aimed to investigate differences in dose-corrected serum concentrations (CDs) and metabolite to parent compound ratios (MPRs) of VEN and RIS across the lifespan.Methods Patients treated with VEN and RIS at the University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany were included in the study. Serum level determinations were performed during clinical routine care. Patients with CYP2D6 influencing co-medication were excluded from analyses.Results In 953 patients (12–93 years) treated with VEN and 552 patients (7–92 years) treated with RIS, children/adolescents (<18 years) showed 11% and 19%, and 44% and 42% lower CDs of the active moieties (CDsAM) of VEN and RIS than adults and elderly (≥60 years) (Kruskal-Wallis tests; p ≤ 0.001). However, when CDs were normalized to body weight, a different pattern emerged. Gender differences, with higher CDsAM in females were present in adults and elderlies but not in children/adolescents. No gender- or age-dependent difference in MPRs was found; however, 80% of MPRs of RIS in children/adolescents were below the range of “normal” CYP2D6 function for adults.Conclusions We suggest a higher clearance as a reason for lower CDsAM of VEN and RIS in children/adolescents compared to adults/elderlies. Metabolism of VEN or RIS by CYP2D6, characterized by MPRs, was not associated with age. However, MPRs of RIS were lower in children/adolescents, possibly due to a higher renal clearance of 9-OH-risperidone.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Synovial Neopterin, TNF-α and Presepsin in Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Prospective Study
Authors: Busch André , Jäger Marcus , Engler Harald , Wasssenaar Dennis , Bielefeld Charlotte , Wegner Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Due to the lack of specificity of conventional diagnostic tools, the prediction of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of synovial fluid neopterin, presepsin, and TNF-α as diagnostic parameters and to compare it to the biomarkers recommended in the 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection.
Methods Between August 2018 and July 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted in 80 patients with painful hip, shoulder, and knee arthroplasty. In addition to medical history, clinical and laboratory data were gathered. PJI was diagnosed based on the 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection. Synovial joint fluid was analyzed for biomarker measurement using standard quantitative enzyme immunoassay kits.
Results Fifty-three patients (66%) were classified as the aseptic group and twenty-seven patients (34%) as the PJI group. The mean levels of synovial fluid neopterin were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the PJI group than those in the aseptic group (aseptic 8.3 ± 6.9 vs. PJI 20.9 ± 21.4 nmol/L). The average values of synovial fluid TNF-α and presepsin were not significantly higher in the PJI group than those in the aseptic group (presepsin: aseptic 0.13 ± 0.19 vs. PJI 0.11 ± 0.32 ng/mL, p = 0.08; TNF-α: aseptic 6.6 ± 7.3 vs. PJI 46.3 ± 123.2 pg/mL, p = 0.17). Synovial fluid neopterin was 59% specific and 74% sensitive with a cut-off value of 7.2 nmol/L. The sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid TNF-α were 63 and 51% with a cut-off value of 3.9 pg/mL. Synovial fluid presepsin was 51% specific and 29% sensitive with a cut-off value above 0.06 ng/mL.
Conclusion Synovial fluid neopterin appears to a reliable diagnostic marker for detection of PJI. In contrast, synovial fluid TNF-α and presepsin are not suitable to exclude or diagnose PJI.
The History of Psychedelics in Psychiatry
Authors: Nichols David E. , Walter Hannes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInitial interest in the value of psychedelic drugs (“psychotomimetics”) in psychiatry began in the early 20th century, with explorations of the possibility that mescaline or peyote could produce psychosis-like effects. Over time, interest was focused on whether the effects of psychedelics could inform as to the underlying basis for psychiatric disorders. As research continued, and especially after the discovery of LSD in 1943, increasing interest in a role for psychedelics as adjuncts to psychotherapy began to evolve and became the major focus of work with psychedelics up to the present day.
Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Diverticular Disease
Authors: Talutis Stephanie D. , Kuhnen F Angela H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiverticular disease exists on a spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic diverticulosis to complicated diverticulitis. Incidence of diverticulitis in western nations has increased in recent years, although the factors that influence the progression from diverticulosis to diverticulitis are unknown. Geographic/environmental influences, lifestyle variables, and microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract are some of the factors implicated in diverticular disease.
Sarcopenia em Idosos: Um estudo de revisão
Authors: Yanaga Marcela Cardoso 
Published: December 2020

ResumoCom o envelhecimento, há uma série de modificações fisiológicas em todo o organismo. Na musculatura esquelética, há uma mudança no padrão de fibras rápidas para fibras lentas, levando a uma perda de massa, força e qualidade muscular, o que faz com que, conforme o indivíduo envelheça, fique mais fraco e mais lento. Esta perda de massa e força muscular gera no idoso uma diminuição da mobilidade, aumento da incapacidade funcional e de sua dependência nas atividades, podendo levar até mesmo a consequências mais graves como quedas e fraturas. A este processo denominamos sarcopenia.Os mecanismos responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento da sarcopenia ainda não são completamente conhecidos, mas sabe-se que alguns fatores como a diminuição dos níveis de hormônios esteroides, diminuição da ingestão proteica, aumento dos níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e inatividade física são fatores contribuintes.O presente estudo se trata de uma revisão da literatura, na qual foram utilizados estudos científicos com o objetivo de investigar o impacto da sarcopenia na funcionalidade de indivíduos > 65 anos.
An improved neural network method for aeromagnetic compensation
Authors: Yu Ping , Zhao Xiao , jiao Jian , Jia Jiwei , Zhou Shuai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aeromagnetic compensation plays an important role in aeromagnetic data processing and can eliminate the magnetic interference generated by aircraft. Currently, aeromagnetic compensation algorithms are mostly based on linear regression equations, but linear regression has insufficient fitting function capabilities compared to neural networks. Williams proposed a compensation model from the perspective of a neural network, but this model has the problem of overfitting. Combining these two methods, this paper proposes a neural network compensation method with strong generalization. This method is based on regression equations and uses generalized regression neural networks (GRNNs) for neural network regression. Analysis of the probability density function that constitutes the GRNN shows that proper smoothing factors and multiple training sets can improve the generalization of the GRNN compensation model, thereby weakening the effect of overfitting.
The conducting fibrillar networks of a PEDOT:PSS hydrogel and an organogel prepared by the gel-film formation process
Authors: Maeda Ryota , Shinohara Yoshikazu , Kawakami Hiroshi , Isoda Yukihiro , Kanazawa Ikuzo , Mitsuishi Masaya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a practical conducting polymer. The gel-film formation process produces a PEDOT:PSS organogel with a structure between a PEDOT:PSS water dispersion and a dried film. We found that this film has a high water-swelling ratio and thickens by a hitherto unreported factor of approximately 6600% as its swells to form a hydrogel. In this study, we investigated the drying behaviour of a hydrogel and an organogel with electrical properties to elucidate the internal structures of the gel responsible for the swelling and shrinkage behaviour with high expansion and contraction ratios. SEM revealed that the gel is composed of a 3D fibrillar network consisting of fibrils that are 4.6 ± 1.6 μm long and 0.63 ± 0.29 μm in diameter. This network plays a pivotal role in the conduction of electricity and swelling behaviour with high expansion ratios. The thickness of the gel decreased to 1/66 of its original value after drying on a substrate, while the total electrical resistance decreased by only 20%. The organogel exhibited the same drying behaviour as the hydrogel, which indicates that the network forms first in the organogel and is maintained in the subsequent swelling and drying processes. The electrical conductivity of the hydrogel increased from 9.0 ± 0.1 to 346.4 ± 1.2 S cm−1 under anisotropic shrinking from 3.1 ± 0.2 mm to 77.4 ± 3.3 μm. The network plays an important role as an enhanced swelling framework by providing effective pathways for the conduction of electricity.
Evaporation-induced self-assembly of silver nanospheres and gold nanorods on a super-hydrophobic substrate for SERS applications
Authors: Xu Lin , Li Xiaoying , Wang Xiao , Zou Zhiming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has drawn attention for broad applications. We successfully fabricated highly effective SERS structures via evaporation-induced self-assembly of blend nanoparticles containing sliver nanospheres (Ag NSs) and gold nanorods (Au NRs) on a super-hydrophobic (SH) substrate. On the SH substrate, the droplets of the mixed aqueous solution of silver nanospheres (Ag NSs), gold nanorods (Au NRs), and probe molecules can preserve their spherical shape during the evaporation process, and the probe molecules (R6G) are confined into extremely small areas after solvent removal due to hydrophobicity-enhanced concentration effects. The Raman enhancement effect of the blend nanoparticles with 40 vol% Ag NSs is far higher than that of the other samples. The structure of the aggregated Ag NSs on the film-like Au NRs greatly enhances the SERS effect of Ag NSs, which is optimal for the blend system with 40 vol% Ag NSs. The SERS structure also displays excellent signal reproducibility (RSD < 10%) and low detection limits (0.5 nM). Thus, this work offers a simple and efficient strategy to fabricate a highly effective SERS structure with broad applications in environmental science, analytical chemistry, etc.
Femtosecond laser interferometry of microsized absorptive plasma
Authors: Gololobov V M , Kononenko V V , Kononenko T V , Konov V I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A femtosecond optical technique has been developed for studying a highly absorbing microplasma created in a volume of transparent media under intense laser radiation. The approach, which combines interferometric and shadow microscopy and allows reconstructing induced changes in the optical properties of a medium, is described. The results of investigation of the refractive index dynamics in water bulk excited by the intense femtosecond pulses are presented (

10

13

W

cm

−
2

, 800 nm, 100 fs).
Structural integrity assessment for ITER lower VS coil feedthrough
Authors: Peng Xuebing , Mariani Nicola , Vostner Alexander , Mcintosh Simon , Bontemps Vincent 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ITER vertical stabilization coil system is designed to provide fast plasma stabilization in all scenarios with elongated plasma cross-section. It consists of two water-cooled coils located in upper and lower portions of the vacuum vessel (VV), with feedthroughs responsible for the transfer of electricity and cooling water across the vacuum boundary of VV. Depending on location, the feedthroughs can be divided into upper port feedthroughs (UPR feedthroughs) and lower port feedthroughs (LWR feedthroughs), each family sharing the same design. Both designs are subject to demanding operation scheme, a severe working environment and the presence of interfacing components, which impose important thermal, electromagnetic and seismic loads on the components. In particular, the LWR feedthrough, object of present paper, is more impacted by seismic loads due to the more flexible structure compared to the UPR feedthrough. During the worst seismic event, it is subjected to a vertical acceleration of 28.8 m s−2, acting on an effective mass of 249.9 kg at its first order modal mode. Furthermore, the current circulating in the conductor of the LWR feedthrough, impose significant linear forces, up to 27.7 kN m−1 during normal operation and 30.3 kN m−1 during categories I & II abnormal plasma events, respectively. Finally, the effect of differential thermal expansions of interfacing structures imposes a relative displacement between the supports up to 32.9 mm in X (radial) direction and up to 14.67 mm in Z (vertical) direction, during baking. Being part of the vacuum boundary, the feedthrough must assure confinement function under all normal and accidental loading conditions, with proper structural integrity assessment by applying analysis approach and design criteria foreseen by the applicable nuclear codes. The paper details the load types and categories, the analysis methodologies, the structural design criteria, and the assessment results in views of static stress and fatigue for the LWR feedthrough. This study could be a comprehensive reference for the structural integrity assessment of other similar components in fusion devices.
Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on local plasma current density gradients and neoclassical tearing modes
Authors: Yu Q. , Günter S. , Lackner K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effect of externally applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on the local equilibrium plasma current density profile is studied numerically based on two-fluid equations in simplified cylindrical geometry. It is found that a moderate RMP below its penetration threshold, via non-linear mode coupling, induces a parallel electric field around its rational surface that can significantly change the local flux-surface-averaged current density gradient. At a given RMP amplitude, the modification of the current density profile increases with increasing electron temperature, and it significantly depends on the bi-normal electron fluid velocity at the resonant surface. The effect of this modification on the magnetic island growth is demonstrated by the example of small m/n = 2/1 islands (m/n being the poloidal/toroidal mode numbers), driven by an unfavorable plasma current density profile and bootstrap current perturbation. The 2/1 mode growth is stabilized by moderate static 4/2 or 6/3 RMPs if the local electron fluid velocity is in the ion drift direction or sufficiently large in the electron drift direction. These results reveal that a weakly three-dimensional equilibrium, containing a moderate 4/2 RMP and the associated shielding current, can be more stable against the 2/1 mode, which often causes tokamak plasma major disruptions.
Retracted: Design and evaluation of ciprofloxacin loaded collagen chitosan oxygenating scaffold for skin tissue engineering
Authors: Tripathi Satyavrat , Singh Bhisham Narayan , Divakar Singh , Kumar Gaurav , Mallick Sarada Prasanna , Srivastava Pradeep 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hypoxia and sepsis are key concerns towards modern regenerative medicine. Oxygen generating biomaterials having antibacterial property aims to answer these concerns. Hypoxia promotes reactive oxygen species at the implant site that delays wound healing. Sepsis in wound also contributes to delay in wound healing. Therefore, scaffold with antibacterial property and oxygen-producing capacities have shown ability to promote wound healing. In the present study oxygen releasing, ciprofloxacin loaded collagen chitosan scaffold was fabricated for sustained oxygen delivery. Calcium peroxide (CPO) acted as a chemical oxygen source. Oxygen release pattern exhibited a sustained release of oxygen with uniform deposition of CPO on the scaffold. The drug release study shows a prolonged, continuous, and sustained release of ciprofloxacin. Cell culture studies depict that scaffold has suitable cell attachment and migration properties for fibroblasts. In vivo studies performed in the skin flip model visually shows better wound healing and less necrosis. Histological studies show the maintenance of tissue architecture and the deposition of collagen. The results demonstrate that the proposed CPO coated ciprofloxacin loaded collagen-chitosan scaffold can be a promising candidate for skin tissue engineering.
Probing arbitrary Laguerre–Gaussian beams and pairs through a tilted biconvex lens
Authors: Liu Ping , Cao Yaqin , Lu Zehuang , Lin Guoping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser beams carrying orbital angular momentum are attractive vortex sources for a variety of photonic applications. In this work, we investigate the probing method based on a tilted biconvex lens for LG beams and pairs. We theoretically derive the formulation of the general astigmatic transformation of an LG vortex beam with non-zero radial index p and topological charge l after passing through a tilted biconvex lens. It is found that at a certain position after the focus of the lens, the field intensity of the LG beam is converted into a  ( p+1) by ( p+|l|+1) slanted matrix of bright spots. The indices of p and l are obtained by examin-ing the converted intensity patterns. Theoretical calculations are in good agreement with experiments using LG beams with p up to 2 and l up to 34 emitted from a nonplanar ring vortex oscillator. Furthermore, we also found the method can also be used to estimate the mode comp-onents, the ratio of beam intensity and phase relationships of any two superposed LG beams.
Trading networks and Hodge theory
∗
Authors: Schenck Henry , Sowers Richard , Song Rui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The problem of analyzing interconnectedness is one of today’s premier challenges in understanding systemic risk. Connections can both stabilize networks and provide pathways for contagion. The central problem in such networks is establishing global behavior from local interactions. Jiang-Lim-Yao-Ye (Jiang et al 2011 Mathematical Programming 127
1 203–244) recently introduced the use of the Hodge decomposition (see Lim 2020 SIAM Review
62 685–715 for a review), a fundamental tool from algebraic geometry, to construct global rankings from local interactions (see Barbarossa et al 2018 (2018 IEEE Data Science Workshop (DSW), IEEE) pp 51–5; Haruna and Fujiki 2016 Frontiers in Neural Circuits
10 77; Jia et al 2019 (Proc. of the XXV ACM SIGKDD International Conf. on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining, pp 761–71 for other applications). We apply this to a study of financial networks, starting from the Eisenberg-Noe (Eisenberg and Noe 2001 Management Science
47 236–249) setup of liabilities and endowments, and construct a network of defaults. We then use Jiang-Lim-Yao-Ye to construct a global ranking from the defaults, which yields one way of quantifying ‘systemic importance’.
Fast modeling and understanding fluid dynamics systems with encoder–decoder networks
Authors: Thavarajah Rohan , Zhai Xiang , Ma Zheren , Castineira David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Is a deep learning model capable of representing systems governed by certain first principle physics laws by only observing the system’s output? In an effort to simulate two-dimensional subsurface fluid dynamics in porous media, we found that an accurate deep-learning-based proxy model can be taught efficiently by a computationally expensive finite-volume-based simulator. We pose the problem as an image-to-image regression, running the simulator with different input parameters to furnish a synthetic training dataset upon which we fit the deep learning models. Since the data is spatiotemporal, we compare the performance of three alternative treatments of time; a convolutional LSTM, an autoencoder network that treats time as a direct input and an echo state network. Adversarial methods are adopted to address the sharp spatial gradient in the fluid dynamics problem. Compared to traditional simulation, the proposed deep learning approach enables much faster forward computation, which allows us to explore more scenarios with a much larger parameter space given the same time. It is shown that the improved forward computation efficiency is particularly valuable in solving inversion problems, where the physics model has unknown parameters to be determined by history matching. By computing the pixel-level attention of the trained model, we quantify the sensitivity of the deep learning model to key physical parameters and hence demonstrate that the inverse problem can be solved with great acceleration. We assess the efficacy of the machine learning surrogate in terms of its training speed and accuracy. The network can be trained within minutes using limited training data and achieve accuracy that scales desirably with the amount of training data supplied.
Racial Discrimination and Telomere Length in Midlife African American Women: Interactions of Educational Attainment and Employment Status
Authors: Thomas Marilyn D , Sohail Saba , Mendez Rebecca M , Márquez-Magaña Leticia , Allen Amani M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Over the life course, African American (AA) women have faster telomere attrition, a biological indicator of accelerated aging, than White women. Race, sex, age, and composite socioeconomic status (SES) modify associations of institutional racial discrimination and telomere length. However, interactions with everyday racial discrimination have not been detected in AA women, nor have interactions with individual socioeconomic predictors.

Purpose
We estimated statistical interaction of institutional and everyday racial discrimination with age, education, employment, poverty, and composite SES on telomere length among midlife AA women.

Methods
Data are from a cross-section of 140 AA women aged 30–50 years residing in the San Francisco Bay Area. Participants completed questionnaires, computer-assisted self-interviews, physical examinations, and blood draws. Adjusted linear regression estimated bootstrapped racial discrimination–relative telomere length associations with interaction terms.

Results
Racial discrimination did not interact with age, poverty, or composite SES measures to modify associations with telomere length. Interactions between independent SES variables were nonsignificant for everyday discrimination whereas institutional discrimination interacted with educational attainment and employment status to modify telomere length. After adjusting for covariates, we found that higher institutional discrimination was associated with shorter telomeres among employed women with lower education (β = −0.020; 95% confidence interval = −0.036, −0.003). Among unemployed women with higher education, higher institutional discrimination was associated with longer telomeres (β = 0.017; 95% confidence interval = 0.003, 0.032). Factors related to having a post-high school education may be protective against the negative effects of institutional racism on cellular aging for AA women.