bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does trade participation limit domestic firms’ productivity gains from inward foreign direct investment?
Authors: Belderbos René , Van Roy Vincent , Sleuwaegen Leo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine to what extent domestic firms reap differential productivity gains from the presence of manufacturing affiliates of multinational firms in the home country (FDI spillovers), in the context of simultaneous participation in international trade through exporting and importing. FDI spillovers can occur within the industry (horizontal) and across industries due to client (forward) or supplier (backward) linkages of multinational firms, but the mechanisms underlying spillover effects may be attenuated if local firms are less reliant on inputs, clients, and competition in the domestic market. Fixed effects panel analyses on a sample of 4594 domestic Belgian firms during 2000–2007 reveal positive effects from horizontal, backward, and forward FDI spillovers on the productivity levels of domestic firms, as long as these firms do not engage in international trade. Horizontal spillovers from FDI are weaker for firms engaging in trade, while forward FDI spillovers do not benefit importing firms. Two-way traders benefit least from FDI spillovers. Forward and backward spillovers, are enhanced by human capital levels in local firms, while horizontal spillovers are reduced. The findings are broadly consistent with the notion that trade engagement and inward FDI can be substitutes in their effects on domestic firms’ productivity.
Racial Disparities in Homicide Victimisation Rates: How to Improve Transparency by the Office of National Statistics in England and Wales
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Sherman Lawrence W. , Strang Heather 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research Question
How much racial disparity in trends of homicide victimisation rates in England and Wales is obscured by the failure of official statistics to report rates of death per 100,000 people at risk?

Data
We collected two decades of homicide victimisation counts in England and Wales, as broken out for each racial group identified by the Office of National Statistics. We also collected the estimated population size of those groups from the 2001 and 2011 Census.

Methods
We divided the number of homicides in each racial category by the estimated population size of that category, by year, for 20 years, and plotted their relationships.

Findings
While White homicide victimisation rates remained low and stable from 2000 through 2019, Black homicide victimisation ranged from 200 to 800% higher than that for the White population during that time period, at an average of 5.6 times higher for Blacks. While Black victimisation dropped by 69% from 2001 to 2012, it almost doubled (79% increase) from 2013 to 2019, rising seven times faster than the White victimisation rate. Asian rates remained stable at about twice as high as White rates. For persons aged 16 to 24, the most recent homicide rate was 24 times higher for Blacks than for Whites.

Conclusion
None of these rates per 100,000 or ratios has been reported by the Office of National Statistics. If future ONS reporting of homicide rates would include relevant denominators with raw numerators, public understanding of racial disparities in “over-policing” could be informed by potential “under-policing” relative to racial inequalities in homicide risk.
Investigation of Sloshing Effects on Flexible Aircraft Stability and Response
Authors: Pizzoli Marco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present paper provides an investigation of the effects of linear slosh dynamics on aeroelastic stability and response of flying wing configuration. The proposal of this work is to use reduced order model based on the theory of the equivalent mechanical models for the description of the sloshing dynamics. This model is then introduced into an integrated modeling that accounts for both rigid and elastic behavior of flexible aircraft. The formulation also provides for fully unsteady aerodynamics modeled in the frequency domain via doublet lattice method and recast in time-domain state-space form by means of a rational function approximation. The case study consists of the so-called body freedom flutter research model equipped with a single tank, partially filled with water, located underneath the center of mass of the aircraft. The results spotlight that neglecting such sloshing effects considering the liquid as a frozen mass may overshadow possible instabilities, especially for mainly rigid-body dynamics.
Stationarity Preservation Properties of the Active Flux Scheme on Cartesian Grids
Authors: Barsukow Wasilij 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHyperbolic systems of conservation laws in multiple spatial dimensions display features absent in the one-dimensional case, such as involutions and non-trivial stationary states. These features need to be captured by numerical methods without excessive grid refinement. The active flux method is an extension of the finite volume scheme with additional point values distributed along the cell boundary. For the equations of linear acoustics, an exact evolution operator can be used for the update of these point values. It incorporates all multi-dimensional information. The active flux method is stationarity preserving, i.e., it discretizes all the stationary states of the PDE. This paper demonstrates the experimental evidence for the discrete stationary states of the active flux method and shows the evolution of setups towards a discrete stationary state.
Risk factors for surgical site infections after open reduction and internal fixation of acetabulum fracture in the west of Iran
Authors: Mardanpour Keykhosro , Rahbar Mahtab , Mardanpour Sourena , Rezaei Mansour 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Still, surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a significant clinical problem. We aim to investigate the Incidence and risk factors (RFs) for SSIs occurrence following the open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of acetabulum fracture.

Materials and methods:
An observational cohort study conducted on 788 patients who underwent the ORIF procedures for acetabulum fracture between April 2012 and May 2019. The possible RFs associated with SSIs identified by univariate Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results:
512 (69%) males and 276 (31%) females included. SSIs occurred in 35 of 512 males (4.03%), and 18 of 276 females (4.80%). The overall incidence of SSIs was 6.7% (53/788). In a multivariate analysis, advance age (OR, 3.21 (1.82–5.58), 95% CI,P < 0.001), male sex (OR, 1.75 (1.12–4.69), 95% CI,P < 0.003), high BMI (OR, 2.67 (1.52–5.05), 95% CI,P < 0.005) current smoking (OR, 2.31 (0.87–4.98), 95% CI,P < 0.004), low socio-educational levels (OR, 3.16 (0.65–7.43),95% CI,P < 0.005), Hospitalization > 5 days (OR, 1.54 (0.87–4.67).95% CI,P < 0.003), Deputy Chief Surgeon level (OR, 2.36 (1.32–5.41),95% CI,P < 0.003), high energy injury (OR, 2.69 (1.12–5.84),95% CI,P = 0.002), open fracture (OR, 2.69 (1.12–5.84),95% CI,P < 0.001), associated fracture (OR, 1.48 (0.59–4.51),95% CI,P < 0.002), ISS score ≥ 15(OR, 079 (025–3.66),95% CI,P = 0.001), risk score ≥ 2 (OR, 2.62 (0.72–5.46),95% CI,P = 0.001) and ASA score ≥ 1 (OR, 0.56 (0.31–1.87).95% CI,P < 0.001) were variables associated with a significantly RFs for SSIs development after ORIF of acetabulum fracture.

Conclusion:
Most SSIs can treat with antibiotics. Sometimes an additional operation or procedure may be required to manage the SSIs. Hence, prevention requires complete attention to RFs, to reduce the risk of SSI and improve the patient's defenses.

Highlights:
The effect of a nighttime zoo event on spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) behavior
Authors: Proctor Darby , Smurl Michelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relationship between zoo animals, particularly nonhuman primates, and visitors is complex and varies by species. Adding complexity to this relationship is the trend for zoos to host events outside of normal operating hours. Here, we explored whether a late-night haunted-house style event influenced the behavior of spider monkeys. We conducted behavioral observations both on event nights and nights without the event. The spider monkeys were active and outside more frequently on event nights compared to the control nights indicating that their typical nighttime behavior was altered. However, it is difficult to definitively conclude whether the behavioral changes were a result of the event being aversive or enriching. Our findings suggest that zoos should conduct behavioral observations of and collect physiological data from their animals, especially if they are sensitive to environmental changes, when implementing new events, including those occurring outside of normal operating hours to ensure high levels of animal welfare.
Toward a multimodal measurement model for the neurobehavioral trait of affiliative capacity
Authors: Palumbo Isabella M. , Perkins Emily R. , Yancey James R. , Brislin Sarah J. , Patrick Christopher J. , Latzman Robert D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A growing body of research supports the value of a multimodal assessment approach, drawing on measures from different response modalities, for clarifying how core biobehavioral processes relate to various clinical problems and dimensions of psychopathology. Using data for 507 healthy adults, the current study was undertaken to integrate self-report and neurophysiological (brain potential) measures as a step toward a multimodal measurement model for the trait of affiliative capacity (AFF) – a biobehavioral construct relevant to adaptive and maladaptive social-interpersonal functioning. Individuals low in AFF exhibit a lack of interpersonal connectedness, deficient empathy, and an exploitative-aggressive social style that may be expressed transdiagnostically in antagonistic externalizing or distress psychopathology. Specific aims were to (1) integrate trait scale and brain potential indicators into a multimodal measure of AFF and (2) evaluate associations of this multimodal measure with criterion variables of different types. Results demonstrated (1) success in creating a multimodal measure of AFF from self-report and neural indicators, (2) effectiveness of this measure in predicting both clinical-diagnostic and neurophysiological criterion variables, and (3) transdiagnostic utility of the multimodal measure at both specific-disorder and broad symptom-dimension levels. Our findings further illustrate the value of psychoneurometric operationalizations of biobehavioral trait dimensions as referents for clarifying transdiagnostic relationships between biological systems variables and empirically defined dimensions of psychopathology.
All Power to the Party! The Sources of Ruling Party Strength in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Zeng Qingjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of political parties in facilitating authoritarian rule has been the subject of extensive research, but parties vary widely in their institutional strength to perform regime-bolstering functions. This article synthesizes existing literature to develop a general theory that explains the sources of ruling party strength in autocracies. We argue that party strength stems from a strategic calculation by political actors who weigh the benefits of building a strong party against its costs. The relative benefits of strong parties depend on the stage of the authoritarian life cycle and factors specific to the strategic environment. The observable implications of the theory are tested using a dataset that includes all autocratic ruling parties that were in power between 1940 and 2015. Consistent with our argument, parties that originated from revolutions tend to be the strongest, whereas those created to support an incumbent dictator tend to be the weakest. A country's resource endowments and external environment also shape the dynamics for party building.
Brain response to emotional faces in anxiety and depression: neural predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy outcome and predictor-based subgroups following therapy
Authors: Klumpp Heide , Jimmy Jagan , Burkhouse Katie L. , Bhaumik Runa , Francis Jennifer , Craske Michelle G. , Phan K. Luan , Ajilore Olusola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging studies have shown variance in brain response to emotional faces predicts cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcome. An important next step is to determine if individual differences in neural predictors of CBT response represent distinct patient groups.MethodsIn total, 90 patients with internalizing disorders completed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after 12 weeks of CBT and 45 healthy controls completed the task before and after 12 weeks. Patients exhibiting a pre-to-post CBT >50% reduction in symptom severity on two measures were considered treatment responders. Regions of interest (ROIs) for angry, fearful, and happy faces were submitted to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Significant ROIs were then submitted to decision tree analysis to classify responder/non-responder subgroups. Psychophysiological interactions (PPI) were used to explore functional connectivity in the region(s) that delineated subgroups.ResultsA total of 51 patients were treatment responders and ROC curve results were significant for all face types though specific regions varied. Decision tree results revealed superior occipital response to angry faces identified patient subgroups such that the subgroup with ‘high’ occipital activity had more responders than the ‘low’ occipital subgroup. Following CBT, the high, relative to low, occipital subgroup was less symptomatic. Controls exhibited stable superior occipital activation over time. Whole-brain PPI showed reduced baseline superior occipital-postcentral gyrus functional connectivity in responders compared to non-responders.ConclusionsPreliminary findings indicate patients characterized by relatively more pre-treatment superior occipital gyrus engagement to angry faces and reduced superior occipital-postcentral gyrus connectivity, relative to non-responders, may represent a phenotype likely to benefit from CBT.
Transdiagnostic development of internalizing psychopathology throughout the life course up to age 45: a World Mental Health Surveys report
Authors: de Vries Ymkje Anna , Al-Hamzawi Ali , Alonso Jordi , Andrade Laura Helena , Benjet Corina , Bruffaerts Ronny , Bunting Brendan , de Girolamo Giovanni , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep Maria , Karam Aimee , Karam Elie G. , Kawakami Norito , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Lee Sing , Mneimneh Zeina , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Ojagbemi Akin , Posada-Villa José , Scott Kate , Stagnaro Juan Carlos , Torres Yolanda , Xavier Miguel , Zarkov Zahari N. , Kessler Ronald C. , de Jonge Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDepressive and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid, which has been theorized to be due to an underlying internalizing vulnerability. We aimed to identify groups of participants with differing vulnerabilities by examining the course of internalizing psychopathology up to age 45.MethodsWe used data from 24158 participants (aged 45+) in 23 population-based cross-sectional World Mental Health Surveys. Internalizing disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). We applied latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and investigated the characteristics of identified classes using logistic or linear regression.ResultsThe best-fitting LCGA solution identified eight classes: a healthy class (81.9%), three childhood-onset classes with mild (3.7%), moderate (2.0%), or severe (1.1%) internalizing comorbidity, two puberty-onset classes with mild (4.0%) or moderate (1.4%) comorbidity, and two adult-onset classes with mild comorbidity (2.7% and 3.2%). The childhood-onset severe class had particularly unfavorable sociodemographic outcomes compared to the healthy class, with increased risks of being never or previously married (OR = 2.2 and 2.0, p < 0.001), not being employed (OR = 3.5, p < 0.001), and having a low/low-average income (OR = 2.2, p < 0.001). Moderate or severe (v. mild) comorbidity was associated with 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 1.9 and 4.8, p < 0.001), disability (B = 1.1–2.3, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (OR = 4.2, p < 0.001 for severe comorbidity only). Adult (v. childhood) onset was associated with lower rates of 12-month internalizing disorders (OR = 0.2, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe identified eight transdiagnostic trajectories of internalizing psychopathology. Unfavorable outcomes were concentrated in the 1% of participants with childhood onset and severe comorbidity. Early identification of this group may offer opportunities for preventive interventions.
Retirement can wait: a phenomenographic exploration of professional baby-boomer engagement in non-standard employment
Authors: Niesel Christoph , Buys Laurie , Nili Alireza , Miller Evonne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis qualitative study explores the experiences of 23 professional baby-boomers in Australia who are challenging the traditional employment and retirement pathway through non-standard employment (NSE). We focus on professional part-time, casual and self-employed work within the kaleidoscope of various working arrangements that form NSE. Using a phenomenographic approach, we identified variations in how these older baby-boomers experience engagement in NSE. Our findings revealed five interrelated hierarchical categories of description, which posit a generally positive view of NSE and highlight financial stability, flexibility, continued activity, social ties and maintaining self-identity as key conceptions for work engagement. Our study suggests that NSE is an important and under-researched part of the labour market for baby-boomer professionals, that it can offer greater opportunities for engagement and that the traditional hard-boundary view of retirement as a defined lifestage is softening. It extends our understanding of baby-boomer engagement with NSE in the labour market and offers findings that may inform future policy and practice.
How do strategic narratives shape policy adoption? Responses to China's Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: van Noort Carolijn , Colley Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStrategic narratives are increasingly considered important for domestic and international support for foreign policy. However, debate continues about why some strategic narratives successfully shape policy outcomes, while others are rejected. How states construct strategic narratives is well established. We know less about how states appropriate the strategic narratives of others, and the role this plays in policy adoption. Addressing this, we introduce a theoretical framework to trace the relationship between strategic narratives and policy adoption. Its central premise is that a state is more likely to adopt a new policy if it can strategically narrate about it in a way that promises material gain but without undermining its ontological security. We test our framework using states’ responses to China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Examining the Second Belt and Road Forum in 2019, we trace how far China's strategic narratives are appropriated by multiple states – Kazakhstan, Italy, United Kingdom, Netherlands, United States, India, and Mexico. Countries appropriate China's narrative emphasis on connectivity, trade, and prosperity. However, they contest that China's intentions are benign, based on its human rights record, assertive foreign policy, and fears of indebtedness. Finally, we discuss our framework's utility in explaining what makes strategic narratives persuasive in International Relations.
A note on constituent parsing for Korean
Authors: Kim Mija , Park Jungyeul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study deals with widespread issues on constituent parsing for Korean including the quantitative and qualitative error analyses on parsing results. The previous treebank grammars have been accepted as being interpretable in the various annotation schemes, whereas the recent parsers turn out to be much harder for humans to interpret. This paper, therefore, intends to find the concrete typology of parsing errors, to describe how these parsers deal with sentences and to show their statistical distribution, using state-of-the-art statistical and neural parsers. For doing this work, we train and evaluate the phrase structure Sejong treebank using statistical and neural parsing systems and obtain results up to a 89.18% F
$_1$
score, which outperforms previous constituent parsing results for Korean. We also define best practices for correct comparison to future work by proposing the standard corpus division for the Sejong treebank.
Weight bias among public health trainees
Authors: Sonneville Kendrin R , Rose Kelsey L , Lambrecht Nathalie J , Barry Mikayla R , Weeks Heidi M , Leung Cindy W 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore explicit beliefs about the controllability of obesity and the internalisation of negative weight-related stereotypes among public health trainees.Design:Cross-sectional online survey assessing explicit beliefs about the controllability of obesity using the Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP) and internalisation of weight bias using the Modified Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M). Bivariate associations between BAOP and WBIS-M scores and demographic characteristics were examined using t tests or ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s tests.Setting:School of Public Health at a large, Midwestern University.Participants:Public health students (n 322).Results:Relative to students who identified as male, those who identified as female had a stronger belief that obesity is not within the control of the individual (P = 0·03), yet had more internalisation of weight bias (P < 0·01). Greater weight bias internalisation was also seen among students who perceived themselves to be of a higher weight status (P < 0·001) and those who were at risk for food insecurity (P < 0·01).Conclusions:Public health trainees may be more attuned to the complexities of weight relative to trainees in other health-related fields, but are still susceptible to internalisation of negative weight-related stereotypes.
Body shape trajectories and risk of breast cancer: results from the SUN (‘Seguimiento Universidad De Navarra’) Project
Authors: Sanchez-Bayona Rodrigo , Sayon-Orea Carmen , Gardeazabal Itziar , Llorca Javier , Gea Alfredo , Santisteban Marta , Martín-Moreno Jose M , Toledo Estefania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to assess body shape trajectories in childhood and midlife in relation to subsequent risk of breast cancer (BC) in a Mediterranean cohort.Design:The ‘Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra’ (SUN) Project is a dynamic prospective cohort study of university graduates initiated in 1999. With a group-based modelling approach, we assessed body shape trajectories from age 5 to 40 years. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for BC after the age of 40 years according to the body shape trajectory.Setting:City of Pamplona, in the North of Spain.Participants:6498 women with a mean age of 40 years (sd9).Results:We identified four distinct body shape trajectories (‘childhood lean-midlife increase’ (19·9 %), ‘childhood medium-midlife stable’ (53 %), ‘childhood heavy-midlife stable’ (21 %) and ‘childhood heavy-midlife increase’ (6·1 %)). Among 54 978 women-years of follow-up, we confirmed eighty-two incident cases of BC. Women in the ‘childhood lean-midlife increase’ group showed a higher risk of BC (HR = 1·84, 95 % CI 1·11, 3·04) compared with women in the ‘childhood medium-midlife stable’ category. This association was stronger for postmenopausal BC (HR = 2·42, 95 % CI 1·07, 5·48).Conclusions:Our results suggest a role for lifetime adiposity in breast carcinogenesis.