bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal shortening and porphyry copper mineralization in the Laramide arc and superimposed extension: Introduction and themes
Authors: Seedorff† Eric , Richardson Carson A. , Favorito Daniel A. , Barton Mark D. , Greig Roy E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The Laramide continental arc formed in southwestern North America at about the same time the Sierra Nevadan arc was shutting down, and the Laramide arc was active concurrent with the progress of the Laramide orogeny, from ca. 80 Ma to ca. 45 Ma. East-central Arizona offers an excellent opportunity to explore aspects of tectonics, structural geology, magmatism, and hydrothermal systems in a segment of the Laramide arc that is exceptionally well endowed with porphyry copper deposits. The structure of this region is especially complicated, with multiple generations of normal faults commonly superimposed on originally moderate-angle reverse faults with associated fault-propagation folds. A large new porphyry copper deposit, Resolution, was discovered near Superior in the mid-1990s. The discovery started a new round of development in the mining life cycle at the Resolution deposit; in the region, it contributed to copper exploration again becoming vigorous in the last decade. In the years since discovery of Resolution, important new scientific insights have been gained, including at the regional scale.
Post-ore crustal extension exposed multiple levels of Laramide and older igneous and hydrothermal systems at the surface where they can be more easily mapped and sampled, and palinspastic reconstructions of post-mineral normal faulting permit the exposures to be restored to their original positions. The porphyry-related products that are observed at higher levels include local advanced argillic alteration and Cordilleran-style veins and associated mantos, such as at the Magma mine, Resolution deposit, and Old Dominion mine in the shallowest levels of the Superior-Globe-Miami area. Most porphyry copper ore bodies were developed at intermediate depths, where porphyry intrusions exhibit sericitic and potassic alteration and carbonate rocks were converted to skarn, such as in the heart of the Miami-Inspiration, Resolution, Ray, and Christmas deposits. Plutonic rocks are exposed at deeper paleodepths, where pegmatites, quartz veins, and greisen muscovite are locally observed, especially directly beneath porphyry copper orebodies, as in the Schultze and Granite Mountain plutons. Likewise, sodic-calcic alteration may be developed on the deep flanks of porphyry systems, such as adjacent to the Tea Cup pluton. Subsequent Cenozoic extension variously buried or exhumed the hypogene portions of these hydrothermal systems, leading to the development of various supergene products, both in situ and exotic.
Superimposed Laramide contraction, porphyry copper systems, and Cenozoic extension, east-central Arizona: A road log
Authors: Richardson Carson A. , Favorito Daniel A. , Runyon Simone E. , Seedorff† Eric , Maher David J. , Barton Mark D. , Greig Roy E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This field trip integrates economic geology with structural geology and tectonics, as well as petrology, geochemistry, and regional geology, to examine a segment of the Laramide arc that includes part of the Laramide porphyry copper province of southwestern North America. The province arguably is the second-largest porphyry copper province in the world, hosting six of the world’s 25 largest porphyry deposits on the basis of contained copper metal. The Globe–Superior–Ray–San Manuel area includes about a dozen Laramide (Late Cretaceous to early Paleocene) porphyry copper deposits and the related granodioritic to granitic plutons. These plutons and their wall rocks were tectonically dismembered and variably easterly or westerly tilted (locally &gt;90°) during Laramide contraction and subsequent mid-Cenozoic extension. The style of both shortening and extension here remains a subject of debate. Although this trip includes one brief mine visit and examination of drill core at the Resolution deposit, it will principally focus on: (1) different parts of various plutons and the associated alteration aureoles, including review of resultant mineralization, and the original sides, roots, and deep flanks of the hydrothermal systems; and (2) structure in the adjacent wall rocks and the implications for the style and timing of deformation in absolute and relative terms to hypogene ore formation. An increased understanding of the structural geology and the alteration-mineralization zonation of the dismembered hydrothermal aureoles allows an integrated view of the original geometry and size of the porphyry systems, the relationship between porphyry copper mineralization and crustal shortening, and possible origins of deep hydrothermal alteration.
Vessel density and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness following acute primary angle closure
Authors: Moghimi Sasan , SafiZadeh Mona , Xu Benjamin Y , Fard Masoud Aghsaei , Khatibi Nassim , Rao Harsha Laxmana , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundTo evaluate changes in circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD) and retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness after a successfully treated episode of acute primary angle closure (APAC) and to identify factors associated with glaucoma progression in these eyes.MethodsTwenty-six patients successfully treated for a unilateral episode of APAC were included in this prospective study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) cpRNFL thickness and OCT angiography (OCTA) cpVD were compared between 2 and 8 months after treatment. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that influenced cpRNFL outcome.ResultscpRNFL thicknesses was thinner in the affected eye (94.0 µm (95% CI: 87.3 to 100.8)) than in the unaffected fellow eye (103.1 µm (99.3 to 106.9)) at 2 months (p=0.039). The cpRNFL thickness of the affected eye decreased 8 months after remission (89.5 µm (84 to 95)), but was unchanged in the unaffected eye. Although cpVD was significantly lower (p=0.001) in APAC eyes 2 months after treatment (56.7% (53.8 to 59.7)) compared with fellow eyes (62.9% (61.4 to 64.4)), there was no significant change in cpVD of the affected eye between 2 and 8 months. In the multivariable analysis, the only factor that was associated with cpRNFL progression was lower cpVD at 2 months after APAC remission (OR=1.79, p=0.036).ConclusionEarly reductions of the vessel density and long-term decrease in cpRNFL thickness were observed during the first 8 months after an APAC attack. A lower vessel density at 2 months was the best predictor of conversion to an abnormal cpRNFL thickness. Glaucomatous progression should be suspected in eyes with lower vessel density even after remission of an episode of APAC.
New modifications of Swedish ROP guidelines based on 10-year data from the SWEDROP register
Authors: Holmström Gerd , Hellström Ann , Gränse Lotta , Saric Marie , Sunnqvist Birgitta , Wallin Agneta , Tornqvist Kristina , Larsson Eva 
Published: November 2019

Background/aimsDuring the last decade, improved neonatal care has resulted in increased survival of the most immature infants and improved health of more mature infants. We hypothesise that this has affected incidence and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), enabling guidelines for screening to be modified.MethodsIn Sweden, all infants with gestational age (GA) at birth ≤30 weeks are screened for ROP. Results are registered in a web-based register, Swedish National ROP Register, with a coverage rate of 97%. Incidence of ROP and frequency of treatment, aspects on natural course of ROP and number of examinations, are calculated in relation to GA at birth in infants born during 2008–2017.ResultsOf 7249 infants, 31.9% (2310) had ROP and 6.1% (440) were treated. No infant with GA 30 weeks was treated. Incidence of ROP remained similar, but frequency of treatment increased (p=0.023). Over time, GA and birth weight were reduced in infants with ROP and with treated ROP. In the most immature infants, postmenstrual age was lower and postnatal age was higher when any ROP and stage 3 ROP were first detected (p<0.001). At treatment, postmenstrual but not postnatal age of the infant was associated with GA (p<0.001). During the 10-year period, 46 038 examinations were performed.ConclusionModification of Swedish guidelines is proposed, including only infants with a GA of <30 weeks and postponing the first examination with 1 week in infants with GA 26–29 weeks. This would spare many infants from stressful examinations and reduce eye examinations with at least 20%.
Measuring progress towards universal health coverage: national and subnational analysis in Ethiopia
Authors: Eregata Getachew Teshome , Hailu Alemayehu , Memirie Solomon Tessema , Norheim Ole Frithjof 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAiming for universal health coverage (UHC) as a country-level goal requires that progress is measured and tracked over time. However, few national and subnational studies monitor UHC in low-income countries and there is none for Ethiopia. This study aimed to estimate the 2015 national and subnational UHC service coverage status for Ethiopia.MethodsThe UHC service coverage index was constructed from the geometric means of component indicators: first, within each of four major categories and then across all components to obtain the final summary index. Also, we estimated the subnational level UHC service coverage. We used a variety of surveys data and routinely collected administrative data.ResultsNationally, the overall Ethiopian UHC service coverage for the year 2015 was 34.3%, ranging from 52.2% in the Addis Ababa city administration to 10% in the Afar region. The coverage for non-communicable diseases, reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health and infectious diseases were 35%, 37.5% and 52.8%, respectively. The national UHC service capacity and access coverage was only 20% with large variations across regions, ranging from 3.7% in the Somali region to 41.1% in the Harari region.ConclusionThe 2015 overall UHC service coverage for Ethiopia was low compared with most of the other countries in the region. Also, there was a substantial variation among regions. Therefore, Ethiopia should rapidly scale up promotive, preventive and curative health services through increasing investment in primary healthcare if Ethiopia aims to reach the UHC service coverage goals. Also, policymakers at the regional and federal levels should take corrective measures to narrow the gap across regions, such as redistribution of the health workforce, increase resources allocated to health and provide focused technical and financial support to low-performing regions.
Advances in endovascular neuro-oncology: endovascular selective intra-arterial (ESIA) infusion of targeted biologic therapy for brain tumors
Authors: Srinivasan Visish M , Lang Frederick F , Chen Stephen R , Chen Melissa M , Gumin Joy , Johnson Jeremiah , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Kan Peter 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundMalignant gliomas continue to have a poor clinical outcome with available therapies. In the past few years, new targeted biologic therapies have been studied, with promising results. However, owing to problems with ineffective IV delivery of these newer agents, an alternative, more direct delivery mechanism is needed. Simultaneously, advancements in neuroendovascular technology have allowed endovascular selective intra-arterial approaches to delivery. This method has the potential to increase drug delivery and selectively target tumor vasculature.ObjectiveTo review the history of IA therapy for brain tumors, prior failures and successes, the emergence of new technologies and therapies, and the future direction of this young field.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of two databases (PubMed, Ovid Medline) was performed for several terms including ‘brain tumor’, ‘glioma’, and ‘endovascular intra-arterial’. Forty-five relevant articles were identified via a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. Additional relevant articles were selected for further in-depth review. Emphasis was given to articles discussing selective intra-arterial intracranial delivery using microcatheters.ResultsEndovascular intra-arterial therapy with chemotherapy has had mixed results, with currently active trials using temozolomide, cetuximab, and bevacizumab. Prior attempts at IA chemotherapy with older-generation medications did not surpass the efficacy of IV administration. Advances in neuro-oncology have brought to the forefront new targeted biologic therapies.ConclusionsIn this review, we discuss the emerging field of endovascular neuro-oncology, a field that applies modern neuroendovascular techniques to the delivery of new therapeutic agents to brain tumors. The development of targeted therapies for brain tumors has been concurrent with the development of microcatheter technology, which has made superselective distal intracranial arterial access feasible and safe.
Aspect-Oriented Approach for Testing Software Applications and Automatic Aspect Creation
Authors: Jain Manish , Gopalani Dinesh 
Published: November 2019

The existing techniques for software testing can be used to perform only a particular type of testing, and moreover proficiency is required to write the automation test scripts using these techniques. This paper proposes a novel software testing approach using Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) that alone suffices for carrying out most of the types of software testing and thus obliterates the need of using distinctive tools for different types of testing. Nevertheless, AOP is a new programming paradigm and not all testers have the proficiency of working with it. Hence, a domain-specific language named Testing Aspect Generator Language (TAGL) was developed which has got a very low learning curve. Using TAGL, testers can write the testing code in the form of natural language-like statements. Further, the lexical analyzer and parser, written using lex and yacc, convert the TAGL statements into actual testing code in the form of AOP. The proposed approach was applied for the testing of widely used open source projects and remarkable bugs were detected into them. A detailed comparison as to how our approach is effective than the conventional testing techniques is provided.
Underwriting of Australian Dividend Reinvestment Plans
Authors: Abraham Mathew , Lau James , Marsden Alastair 
Published: November 2019

This study examines the decision to underwrite dividend reinvestment plans (DRPs) by Australian listed firms over the sample period 1995–2013. We find that the decision to underwrite a DRP for non-financial firms is negatively related to the level of franking credits attached to dividends, but positively related to the leverage of the firm and the discount for new shares issued in lieu of dividends. Non-financial and financial firms that are larger in size are more likely to underwrite their DRP. Lastly, underwriting of DRPs decreased with the onset of and subsequent to the height of the global financial crisis.
Using velocity-pressure loops in the operating room: a new approach of arterial mechanics for cardiac afterload monitoring under general anesthesia
Authors: Hong A. , Joachim J. , Buxin C. , Levé C. , Le Gall A. , Millasseau S. , Mateo J. , Civelli V. , Serrano J. , Mebazaa A. , Gayat E. , Vallée F. 
Published: November 2019

Cardiac afterload is usually assessed in the ascending aorta and can be defined by the association of peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), total arterial compliance (Ctot), and aortic wave reflection (WR). We recently proposed the global afterload angle (GALA) and β-angle derived from the aortic velocity-pressure (VP) loop as continuous cardiac afterload monitoring in the descending thoracic aorta. The aim of this study was to 1) describe the arterial mechanic properties by studying the velocity-pressure relations according to cardiovascular risk (low-risk and high-risk patients) in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta and 2) analyze the association between the VP loop (GALA and β-angle) and cardiac afterload parameters (PVR, Ctot, and WR). PVR, Ctot, WR, and VP loop parameters were measured in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta in 50 anesthetized patients. At each aortic level, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and PVR were similar between low-risk and high-risk patients. In contrast, Ctot, WR, GALA, and β-angle were strongly influenced by cardiovascular risk factors regardless of the site of measurement along the aorta. The GALA angle was inversely related to aortic compliance, and the β-angle reflected the magnitude of wave reflection in both the ascending and descending aortas ( P < 0.001). Under general anesthesia, the VP loop can provide new visual insights into arterial mechanical properties compared with the traditional MAP and CO for the assessment of cardiac afterload. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate the clinical utility of the VP loop in the operating room. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our team recently proposed the global afterload angle (GALA) and β-angle derived from the aortic velocity-pressure (VP) loop as continuous cardiac afterload monitoring in the descending thoracic aorta under general anesthesia. However, the evaluation of cardiac afterload at this location is unusual. The present study shows that VP loop parameters can describe the components of cardiac afterload both in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta in the operating room. Aging and cardiovascular risk factors strongly influence VP loop parameters. The VP loop could provide continuous visual additional information on the arterial system than the traditional mean arterial pressure and cardiac output during the general anesthesia.
Immunotransplant: Preventing Unintended Consequences
Authors: Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Summary:
T-cell transfer into lymphodepleted recipients results not only in homeostatic activation of the infused cells but also in T-cell inhibition due to upregulation of immune checkpoint receptors including PD-1 and CTLA4, thereby mitigating T-cell efficacy. Dual checkpoint blockade of PD-1 and CTLA4 in conjunction with lymphodepletion—an “immunotransplant”—uncouples the T-cell inhibition from activation and amplifies the T-cell antitumor immune response.
See related article by Marshall et al., p. 1520.
Impact of Smoking on Platelet Reactivity and Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Gupta Rajesh , Kirtane Ajay J. , Liu Yangbo , Crowley Aaron , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Rinaldi Michael J. , Metzger D. Christopher , Weisz Giora , Stuckey Thomas D. , Brodie Bruce R. , Mehran Roxana , Ben-Yehuda Ori , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Smoking is a potent risk factor for coronary artery disease; however, prior studies describe increased platelet inhibition with clopidogrel among smokers, and some studies report improved outcomes among smokers, a finding described as the smoker’s paradox. This study assessed the relationship between platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary interventions among current smokers and nonsmokers.

Methods:
ADAPT-DES (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients treated with coronary drug-eluting stents. Platelet reactivity was assessed by the VerifyNow point-of-care assay; high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) was defined as P2Y12 reaction units >208. A propensity-adjusted multivariable analysis was performed to determine the relationship between current smoking, platelet reactivity, and subsequent adverse events.

Results:
Among 8582 patients, 22.6% were active smokers at the time of their percutaneous coronary intervention procedure. Current smokers were younger and had fewer comorbidities compared with nonsmokers. Current smokers had lower mean P2Y12 reaction units and lower rates of HPR compared with nonsmokers. Current smokers had similar rates of adverse events compared with nonsmokers. HPR was associated with higher rates of adverse events for both smokers and nonsmokers; however, there was evidence of interaction between smoking status and the effect of HPR. Smokers with HPR had significantly higher rates of stent thrombosis. Adverse event rates were highest among current smokers with HPR.

Conclusions:
Current smoking was associated with lower P2Y12 reaction units and lower rates of HPR on average; however, the combination of current smoking and HPR was associated with high rates of stent thrombosis.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00638794.
Perception and Comprehension of the Extended Forecast Graphic: A Survey of Broadcast Meteorologists and the Public
Authors: Reed Jacob R. , Senkbeil Jason C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere have been multiple efforts in recent years to simplify visual weather forecast products, with the goal of more efficient risk communication for the general public. Many meteorological forecast products, such as the cone of uncertainty, storm surge graphics, warning polygons, and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) convective outlooks, have created varying levels of public confusion resulting in revisions, modifications, and improvements. However, the perception and comprehension of private weather graphics produced by television stations has been largely overlooked in peer-reviewed research. The goal of this study is to explore how the extended forecast graphic, more commonly known as the 7, 10 day, etc., is utilized by broadcasters and understood by the public. Data were gathered from surveys with the general public and also from broadcast meteorologists. Results suggest this graphic is a source of confusion and highlights a disconnect between the meteorologists producing the graphic and the content prioritized by their audiences. Specifically, timing and intensity of any precipitation or adverse weather events are the two most important variables to consider from the viewpoint of the public. These variables are generally absent from the extended forecast graphic, thus forcing the public to draw their own conclusions, which may differ from what the meteorologist intends to convey. Other results suggest the placement of forecast high and low temperatures, use of probability of precipitation, icon inconsistency, and length of time the graphic is shown also contribute to public confusion and misunderstanding.