bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pressure on Sulfide Based All Solid-State Batteries
Authors: Doux Jean-Marie , Banerjee Abhik , Wang Xuefeng , Tan Darren Huan Shen , Wu Erik , Nguyen Han , Meng Shirley 
Published: February 2020

All solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are predicted to be the next generation of lithium ion batteries with their wider operating temperature range, higher energy density, and improved safety compared to conventional liquid electrolyte-based batteries. For sulfide-based solid-state batteries, the most common form factor is the stacked pellet type cells consisting of the following layers: a cathode composite, a thick solid-electrolyte, and an anode, all of which are kept under pressure to ensure proper contact. Although this pressure is mandatory for battery operation, there have been no detailed studies of the actual effect of the stack pressure on battery performance nor any indication of an ideal applied load.
In this work, we have studied in detail the effect of varying the applied pressure at two stages: during cell fabrication and cell testing. Our results explain discrepancies for ionic conductivity values found in literature for sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes. This study suggests that the pressure used to fabricate the cell is a critical factor for cell performance and also that controlling the stack pressure is necessary to ensure reliable operation of sulfide-based solid-state batteries.
Carbon Nanotube-Based Non-Precious Metal Electrocatalysts with High Performance and Durability
Authors: Nishida Jin , Yang Jun , Uchimura Shunsuke , Matsuda Junko , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: February 2020

Development of non-precious metal electrocatalyst for fuel cells, water splitting and batteries with high performance, durablity,and scalability is a strong social demand for the next-generation eco-friendly energy society[1].
In this meeting, we summarize our recent studies on i) seven different nanocarbons /iron phthalocyanine (II) hybrids with well-defined nanostructures that show excellent efficiency and durability for oxygen reduction reaction[2,3], iii)decorating unoxidized-carbon nanotubes with homogeneous spinel nanocrystals that show superior performance for oxygen evolution/reduction reactions[4].

References

[1] N. Nakashima (Editor), "Nanocarbons for Energy Conversion-Supramolecular Approach", Springer, 2018, pp. 1-564.
[2] J. Yang, J. Tao, T. Isomura, H. Yanagi, I. Moriguchi, N. Nakashima, Carbon, 2019, 145, 565-571.
[3] J. Yang, F. Toshimitsu, T. Fujigaya, N. Nakashima, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017,5, 1184-1191
[4] J. Yang, T. Fujigaya, N. Nakashima,Sci. Rep., 2017, 7, art.no.45384.
(Keynote) Important and Less Important Challenges of Metal Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Dominko Robert 
Published: February 2020

Metal (Li, Mg) sulfur batteries can be considered as important energy storage devices in the future due to abundance of sulfur and high theoretical gravimetric energy density. In the last decade different groups showed progress in the electrochemical stability during cycling and in the understanding of complicated conversion reactions connected with unpredictable equilibrium states of sulfur in different solvents. Vast of reports was connected with application of different types of host matrices for sulfur impregnation and recently also with additives which can adsorb polysulfides. Much less work has been performed on development of novel electrolytes, ion selective separators and on protection of the negative electrode.
Sulfur and polysulfides are soluble in the classical electrolytes based on glyme solvents and this future enables reduction of sulfur to metal sulfide and its reoxidation. But on the same time, in the liquid cells with high excess of electrolyte, soluble sulfur species diffuse/migrate to the negative electrode where can be further reduced and even deposited on the surface of the negative electrode.
Although sulfur conversion in Li-S and Mg-S batteries is very similar, their electrochemical stability is completely different what can be connected with passivation of the negative electrode. Recent progress in understanding of both systems and their electrochemical stability will be discussed in this presentation.

Acknowledgement: This work is supported by the HELiS project which receives funding from the European Union‘s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No 666221. The financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P2-0393) is fully acknowledged.

Reference
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[1] R. Dominko, A. Vizintin, G. Aquilanti, L. Stievano, M.J. Helen, A.R. Munnangi, M. Fichtner, I. Arcong, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2018,165, A5014-A5019.
[2] S. Drvarič Talian, S. Jeschke, A. Vizintin, K. Pirnat, I. Arčon, G. Aquilanti, P. Johansson, R. Dominko, Chem. Mater., 2017, 29, 10037–10044.
[3] A. Vizintin, M. Lozinšek, R. K. Chellappan, D. Foix, A. Krajnc, G. Mali, G. Drazic, B. Genorio, R. Dedryvère and R. Dominko, Chem. Mater., 2015, 27, 7070–7081.
[4] A. Robba, A. Vizintin, J. Bitenc, G. Mali, I. Arčon, M. Kavčič, M. Žitnik, K. Bučar, G. Aquilanti, C. Martineau-Corcos, A. Randon-Vitanova, R. Dominko, Chem. Mater.,2015, 29, 9555-9564.
[5] R. Dominko, M. U. M. Patel, V. Lapornik, A. Vizintin, M. Koželj, N. Novak Tušar, I. Arcon, L. Stievano, and G. Aquilanti, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2015, 119, 19001–19010.
(Invited) Circular Economy and Sustainability of Battery Segment with Recycling of Strategic Metals
Authors: Farouk Tedjar 
Published: February 2020

Energy issues and climate changes are now asking urgent solution and one of the solutions is large growing of renewable energy part in the consumption models. However, major part of renewable energy equipment’s contains strategic metals while they could be potential sources of negative environment impact when recycled with non-appropriate processes. Within this problematic we will present 2 segments related to Lithium ion and Ni-MH batteries.
Since its introduction 15 years before, lithium ion battery (LIB) become today the most largely adopted for portable electronic devices. Recently the new chemistry of both cathodes and anodes allow the LIB system to be among the best system candidate for in EV and HEV segment. However the composition of those batteries imposes a particular consideration of their end of life management due to the environment impact and valuable resource conservation for materials. Several processes were proposed for recycling LIB while in the meantime composition of li-ion batteries is strongly moving from lithium cobalt oxides / carbon portable segment to several kinds of cathodes materials, electrolytes and anodes materials. This means that we are in the need of new flexible processes. The sustainable way to recycle LIB must take account on next challenges:

Lowest energy consumption

CO2 emission (from organic solvents and carbon)

Fluorine control (from anion of lithium salts and PVDF).

Loss of valuable resources such as graphite lost as CO2, Mn and Li trapped into slag.

Nickel metal hydride batteries are also now more and more substituting the Ni-Cad system. Until now at industrial level the main efforts were devoted to recycling Nickel and the rare earths (RE) were generally lost in slag if metallurgical way is used.
The position of RE in critical metals classification imposes to consider the Ni-MH as high source of RE.
Geopolitical aspect as well as sustainability and availability for the main strategic metals of LIB and Ni-MH batteries will be presented and commented.
To achieve high recycling rate and low environment impact new approach will be presented.
The new process allows having precursors for producing new battery materials such as LCO, NMC, LFP and Graphite.
Acceptable capacity (mA/g) were obtained allowing Close The Loop.
(Invited) All Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries: Status, Prospects and Future
Authors: Zaghib Karim , Chisu Kim , Cho M , Guerfi A , Bouchard P , Mauger A , Julien C , Goodenough J , Armand M 
Published: February 2020

Novel lithium metal polymer solid state batteries with nano CLiFePO4 , nano Li1.2V3O8 counter-electrodes (average particle size 200 nm) and NMC were studied for the first time by in situ SEM and impedance during cycling. The kinetics of Li-motion during cycling is analyzed self-consistently together with the electrochemical properties. We show that the cycling life of the nano Li1.2V3O8 is limited by the dissolution of the vanadium in the electrolyte, which explains the choice of nano C-LiFePO4 (1300 cycles at 100% DOD): with this olivine, no dissolution is observed. In combination with lithium metal, at high loading and with a stable SEI an ultrahigh energy density battery was thus newly developed in our laboratory. The electrochemical of new polymer with high voltage with NMC cathode material will show during this presentation.
The commercial use of lithium metal batteries was delayed because of dendrite formation on the surface of the lithium electrode, and the difficulty finding a suitable electrolyte that has both the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity required for solid electrolytes. Recently, strategies have developed to overcome these difficulties, so that these batteries are currently an option for different applications, including electric cars. In this work, we review these strategies, and discuss the different routes that are promising for progress in the near future. We will explain the Gen 2 solid state lithium metal battery technology: from the laboratory to commercialization.
(Keynote) The Solvation Structure and Rational Design of Liquid Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Persson Kristin A. 
Published: February 2020

Electrolytes with improved stability and transport properties have the potential to transform the current state-of-the-art Li-ion architectures and enable future technologies such as multivalent systems (e.g., Mg2+, Ca2+ and Zn2+), as well as Li-S and Li-O2 conversion systems. To address the need for novel and optimized electrolytes, in this work, we apply our high-throughput computational infrastructure1
to a range of systems – spanning both multivalent as well as monovalent charge carriers- and present our insights, highlighting the role of careful speciation for rational design of future, improved energy storage concepts.
To improve our understanding of structural and dynamical properties of highly concentrated LIB electrolytes, we use classical molecular dynamics simulations with enhanced sampling techniques to allow for correct statistics in these more viscous systems. We describe the modes of charge transport in LiPF6 /propylene carbonate electrolyte in concentrated to superconcentrated regimes and elucidate the minority as well as majority species solvation structures and corresponding atomistic transport motifs. For multivalent systems, we find that the existence of multimeric species, such as contact-ion pairs are vitally important to account for the anodic stability of the electrolyte.2
-
4 The plating process inherently requires the solvated divalent ion to undergo a transient, partially charged valence state; e.g. Mg+ or Ca+, which is identified as the fundamental descriptor for electrolyte stability. We find most solvent molecules as well as ion-paired anion molecules to be highly susceptible to rapid decomposition when in close contact with the reactive partially charged cation, thereby precluding stable, reversible plating behavior. This insight provides a ready explanation why so few classes of solvents and salts have demonstrated reversible Mg and Ca metal plating as well as enabling a path forward for rapid, in silico rational design and testing of novel, highly functional electrolyte molecules. 5

References:

1 X. Qu, A. Jain, N.N. Rajput, L. Cheng, Y. Zhang, S.P. Ong, M. Brafman, E. Maginn, L. a. Curtiss, and K. a. Persson, Comput. Mater. Sci. 103, 56–67 (2015).

2 N.N. Rajput, X. Qu, N. Sa, A.K. Burrell, and K.A. Persson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2015).

3 S.-D. Han, N.N. Rajput, X. Qu, B. Pan, M. He, M.S. Ferrandon, C. Liao, K.A. Persson, and A.K. Burrell, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, (2016).

4 N.N. Rajput, T.J. Seguin, B.M. Wood, X. Qu, and K.A. Persson, Elucidating Solvation Structures for Rational Design of Multivalent Electrolytes—A Review (Springer International Publishing, 2018).

5 N.T. Hahn, T.J. Seguin, K.C. Lau, C. Liao, B.J. Ingram, K.A. Persson, and K.R. Zavadil, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 11076–11084 (2018).
(Keynote) Architectural Re-Design of Zinc Anodes Physically Thwarts Dendrite Formation—with Zinc Batteries Now Rechargeable, What’s Next?
Authors: Rolison Debra R. , Parker Joseph F. , Ko Jesse S. , Hopkins Brandon J. , Chervin Christopher N. , Geltmacher Andrew B. , Long Jeffrey W. 
Published: February 2020

We recently demonstrated that redesigning dendrite-prone zinc anodes as 3D monolithic Zn architectures solves the limited rechargeability of alkaline batteries. Three structural features of these emulsion–derived “sponges” physically ensure dendrite suppression: (i) long-range electronic conductivity within the electrode volume throughout charge–discharge; (ii) more uniform current distribution; and (iii) confined internal void volume that controls Zn/Zn2+ precipitation/dissolution dynamics and product redistribution.
With Li-ion competitive cyclability to deep depths-of-discharge (theoretical DODZn), primary utilization to >90% DODZn (with >90% recovery), and tens of thousands of cycles at low-DODZn creates new performance curves for the entire family of alkaline Zn batteries (Ni–Zn, Ag–Zn, MnO₂–Zn, Zn–air) plus neutral pH zinc-ion batteries. Our second-generation emulsion protocol increases volumetric density of the sponge, which improves the energy density of the cell, and adds mechanical ruggedness to the anode. Development paths for this safer energy-storage breakthrough will be discussed.
(Invited) Advancing Fast Charge Capability and Challenges
Authors: Snyder Kent , Liu Minghong , Zhou Qian 
Published: February 2020

From consumer electronics to automotive applications, the advancement and deployment of fast charge capable energy storage supports a combination of absolute customer need in some cases, with product differentiation and real or perceived customer desire in others. At the same time, potential near- and far-term advancements toward achieving higher energy density, greater sustainability, and lower cost simultaneously present a direct technical counter-challenge to fast charge advancement in many cases. Between energy storage for consumer electronics and energy storage for automotive, there is both common ground and differences in terms of the seeming counterbalance of the challenges of fast charge advancement with those of energy density increase and other desired energy storage improvements.
This presentation will discuss fast charge issues and progress among applications and will describe future energy density advancement and other trends which may add significant challenge along the way. Methods which may potentially provide partial relief from these challenges, and which may transcend the counterbalancing effect, will be described.
The Rechargeable Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Gao Xiangwen , Chen Yuhui , Johnson Lee R , Bruce Peter G. 
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable battery such as Li-ion battery will be the main focus worldwide for decades to come. However, energy storage beyond the capabilities of Li-ion technologies are becoming increasingly important to satisfy society’s future energy storage needs. One such alternative is aprotic Li-air (O2) battery with its theoretical specific energy several times higher than that of Li-ion. However, many challenges including early cell death, high overpotential and poor cycle life need to be addressed before its commercialisation. Fundamental studies of the processes at the positive electrode have shown that this is a result of passivating Li2O2 film at the electrode surface.
It is generally accepted that solution growth of discharge product Li2O2 is required to achieve high rates and capacities. One way to achieve solution mechanism is use of high donor or acceptor number electrolytes, however, such electrolytes are less stable towards the reactive oxygen species in aprotic Li-O2 cell. Here, we discuss our new strategies to use redox mediators as soluble catalysts, to reduce O2 to Li2O2 by halving the overpotential on discharge, without forming passivating films and with less side reactions in ether solvents, while on charge Li2O2 can be oxidized rapidly to O2 even when the former is not in contact with the electrode surface, Fig. 1. As a result, cycling of an aprotic Li-O2 cell has been demonstrated with rates and capacities of several mA and mAh cm-2 respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of redox mediators during cycling and decomposition of carbon electrode will be discussed.
Figure 1: Schematics of positive electrode reactions on discharge and charge in the presence of dual mediators.

Figure 1
Advanced Characterization Tools for Probing Anionic Redox in Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Olguin Marco , Wynn Thomas , Li Yixuan , Meng Ying Shirley 
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable Li-ion batteries with higher energy density are in urgent demand to address the global challenge of energy storage. In comparison with anode materials, the relatively low capacity of cathode oxides, which exhibit classical cationic redox activity, has become one of the major bottlenecks to reach higher energy density. Recently, anionic activity, such as oxygen redox reaction, has been discovered in the electrochemical processes, providing extra reversible capacity for certain transition-metal oxides. Consequently, a more complete understanding and precise controlling on anionic electrochemical activity in these high-capacity oxides have become a flourishing, yet challenging subject.
Compared to TM cations, oxygen anion electrochemical activity is more challenging to experimentally prove and quantify for the following reasons: First, oxygen participates in the electrochemical activity at highly charged states when the partially delithiated oxides are typically very sensitive to high energy electron beam or X-ray source exposure. Second, peroxo-like species and O-holes resulted from oxygen oxidation are extremely reactive and unstable in air and carbonate based liquid electrolytes. Third, M(nd)−O(np) metal−ligand hybridization and rehybridization make it intricate to quantify and differentiate cation and anion contributions to electronic structure changes as well as their contributions to the extra capacity. Based on the above considerations, a multimodal characterization approach must be established for oxygen anion electrochemical activity.
Here, we select Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2 as the model compound and systematically study its structure response to the oxygen redox activity by combing neutron pair distribution function, X-ray absorption spectrum, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and DFT calculation. An obviously increased short O-O pairs accompanying oxygen redox reactions is for the first time detected, and which should be ascribed to the shrink of the interlayer O-O distance. Also, theoretical analysis indicates that the selective decrease of O-O distance is originated from the different oxygen chemical coordination environment. Further, a coupling relationship between the oxygen redox and transitions metals migration is experimentally demonstrated, which reveals the structural origin of the stable lattice oxygen redox reactions. Based on these understandings in our work, an optimization guidance for anionic acitvity is unambiguously presented: designing a robust layered structure with high-covalency TMs while constructing a flexible local structure with high-ionicity TMs to achieve the reversible high energy density.

Figure 1
Fluoroethylene Carbonate Containing Electrolytes: Origin of Poor Shelf Life and Its Mitigation
Authors: Hernández Guiomar , Xu Chao , Abbrent Sabina , Kobera Libor , Konefal Rafal , Brus Jiří , Edström Kristina , Mindemark Jonas , Brandell Daniel 
Published: February 2020

The performance of lithium-ion batteries have been substantially improved in almost all aspects since the initial commercialization.[1] However, cycling stability and safety is still one of the main concerns. In this regard, electrolytes play an important role. Although carbonate electrolytes are reduced at the anode electrode, they are able to form a stable passivating layer called solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This layer is able to suppress continuous electrolyte degradation improving the cyclability of the batteries. SEI-forming additives such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are found to be particularly effective to stabilise this SEI layer.[2,3] However, K. Kim et al. have recently reported the thermal instability of FEC in LiPF6-based electrolyte for Li-ion batteries.[4] They show that FEC can be defluorinated by Lewis acids such as PF5, generating HF and other acids that are detrimental to the battery.
Herein, we have studied the effect of FEC in LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC)/Li cells at room- and elevated-temperatures. In addition, we have investigated the possible mechanism of such fast degradation of LiPF6- and FEC-based electrolytes and approaches to inhibit it.
At room temperature, NMC/Li cells containing FEC additive in the electrolyte presented longer cycle life than the FEC-free electrolytes. However, both electrolytes showed poor electrochemical performance when cycled at 55°C (Fig. 1a). Interestingly, we observed that the LiPF6-based electrolytes which also contains FEC undergo color change when stored at 55°C precipitating a brown solid (Fig. 1b). Shelf life of LiPF6 in FEC solution was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirming the hydrolysis of LiPF6 to phosphoric acid. Furthermore, the obtained solid was identified as a fluorine-based crosslinked polymer derived from FEC. Incorporation of a moisture scavenger compound, such as lithium 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazole (LiTDI), in the electrolyte formulation can slow down the degradation process (Fig. 1b) and improve the battery performance at 55°C (Fig. 1c).
[1] J. Electrochem. Soc. 2017, 164, A5019-A5025. [2] ACS Energy Lett. 2017, 2, 1337−1345. [3] J. Power Sources, 2018, 400, 147–156. [4] Electrochim. Acta, 2017, 225, 358–368.

Figure 1
Study on the Distribution of Polymeric Binder in Lib Composite Electrodes By Measuring Adhesion at Different Depths
Authors: Roh Youngjoon , Byun Seoungwoo , Ryou Myung-Hyun , Lee Yong Min 
Published: February 2020

As the loading level or thickness of LIB composite electrodes increases, it becomes more difficult to uniformly distribute all components within the electrode. Because electric conductors are very small and light, they tend to rise upwards during drying process. Especially, to speed up the electrode fabrication process, not only drying temperature but also coating speed is maximized for reducing production costs. In this harsh condition, the polymeric binder tends to be unevenly distributed depending on the depth of electrode. Nevertheless, due to limited analysis tools, it had been left as research area to explore. Meanwhile, since a new tool, surface and interfacial cutting analysis system (SAICAS), was developed, the adhesion properties of the composite electrodes could be measured deliberately while changing the depth.
Herein, we attempted to unveil the polymeric binder distribution by measuring the adhesion strength at different depths. In order to increase the reliability of the analytical results, composite electrode samples having different binder compositions and distributions were prepared and used for this study. At the same time, the compositional analysis with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were also conducted to confirm the binder distribution as a function of electrode depth. Finally, we investigated the effect of binder distribution on the electrochemical properties as well.