bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing the Vietnam Center of Research Excellence on Cancer and Other Noncommunicable Diseases (V-CORE): Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Tran Thuan V. , Tran Huong T. T. , Hoang Minh V. , Bui Oanh T. , Nguyen Sang M. , Bao Pingping , Cai Qiuyin , Shrubsole Martha , Zheng Wei , Luu Hung N. , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, have emerged as a major public health problem in Vietnam; however, NCD research in Vietnam is limited, primarily because of inadequate research infrastructures, funding, and well-trained investigators. To address these challenges, we established a US-Vietnam-China partnership to plan for building the V-CORE (Vietnam Center of Research Excellence on Cancer and Other Noncommunicable Diseases) with the support of a grant from the US National Cancer Institute. The objectives of this program are to assess the need and current NCD research capabilities and infrastructure in Vietnam and to develop and pilot test research capacity building/enrichment programs, including conducting two research projects for demonstration. METHODS AND RESULTS Through a need- and capacity-assessment workshop, with participation of stakeholders in NCD research and prevention in Vietnam, we identified top priorities and gaps and needs in cancer and other NCD research in Vietnam. We organized two site visits for Vietnam National Cancer Institute delegates to observe epidemiologic research field operations, core laboratories, and biorepositories at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, as well as at several partner institutes in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. We organized an in-country workshop on the principles and methodology of epidemiology and biostatistics. We sponsored overseas training for 4 Vietnamese scholars. We conducted two demonstration projects: a case-control study involving 501 patients with breast cancer and 468 controls, and a community survey for diabetes and other metabolic conditions involving 1,035 urban and rural residents of Vietnam. We also jointly sponsored with Vietnam National Cancer Institute an international conference on cancer research and prevention in 2017, and jointly published 11 papers. CONCLUSION Within a 3-year period, we have built a productive collaborative network and laid a solid foundation for building the V-CORE in Vietnam. We strive to maintain and expand the collaboration and bring the success of the National Cancer Institute grant work to full fruition.
Mitoubiquinol Mesylate Attenuated Diethyl Nitrosamine–Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defense Systems
Authors: Adetutu Adisa Rahmat , Adegboyega Sulaimon Lateef , Geraldine Okeke Ebele , OC Ariyo , Biade Abdulkareem Fatimah 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant cancer, with a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) cirrhosis HCC–induced model has revealed an association of cancer progression with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoubiquinol mesylate (MitoQ), a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant derivative from ubiquinone on DEN-induced oxidative damage in HCC Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats per group. Groups A, B, and C received distilled water 10 mL/kg DEN, and MitoQ orally for 16 weeks, respectively. Animals in group D were pretreated with MitoQ for 1 week followed by coadministration of MitoQ and DEN (protective effect), whereas group E received DEN for 8 weeks, then coadministration of DEN and MitoQ (therapeutic effect) until the end of the study. Survival index, tumor incidence, liver function indices, hematologic profile, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and antioxidant defense status were assessed. RESULTS Data obtained show that rats in groups D and E had 80% survival and decreased tumor incidence (40% and 60%, respectively) compared with group B. Similarly, MitoQ significantly ( P < .05) decreased the activities of liver function enzymes, while hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and lymphocytes levels were significantly elevated compared with the DEN-only group. Furthermore, MitoQ significantly ( P < .05) protected the liver from DEN-induced oxidative damage; however, there was no significant difference ( P > .05) between activities of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase of groups A, B, D, and E, respectively, although these enzyme activities were significantly ( P < .05) elevated in group C. Macroscopic and microscopic features indicated a reversal of DEN-induced cellular degeneration in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MitoQ treatment for 16 weeks attenuated DEN-induced oxidative stress indices via modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems and could alleviate the burden of HCC as a chemotherapeutic agent.
Multistakeholder Experiences of Providing, Receiving, and Setting Priorities for Lung Cancer Care in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Hlongwana Khumbulani , Lubuzo Buhle , Mlaba Phindile , Zondo Sinenhlanhla , Ginindza Themba 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore the key stakeholders’—health care professionals, patients, and family caregivers—experiences of providing, receiving, and setting priorities for lung cancer care in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with a view to propose potentially effective interventions for improved care. METHODS This was a qualitative study conducted in 5 communities and 3 hospitals offering oncology services in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Data were generated using in-depth interviews and the nominal group technique. Nineteen patients with lung cancer, 20 family caregivers (FCs) and 18 health care professionals (HCPs) were interviewed, with an additional subsample of 7 HCPs participating in the nominal group technique. Results were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Similar to patients with lung cancer and FCs, HCPs were concerned about the limited access to oncology services and poor lung cancer diagnostic facilities, as these also ranked high in HCPs’ priority settings. Limited access was attributed to a lack of lung cancer awareness and low lung cancer suspicion index among different stakeholders, a shortage of health care specialists, poor diagnostic equipment and general resource constraints, unavailability of diagnostic services at the lowest levels of health care (for example, primary health care), geographic location of specialized services, and poor multidisciplinary collaboration. Patients’ perceptions of the quality of care in public health facilities also affected their treatment-seeking behavior. Challenges experienced at the health care worker-patient level also affected the FCs. For example, FCs were psychosocially and economically affected by the caring responsibilities, which, in turn, was an important determinant of a patient’s care pathways. CONCLUSION As a result of this study, new approaches to lung cancer care are being explored, including increased community awareness, the introduction of well-equipped community mobile screening services, patient navigation to track patients, and building cadres for providing and integrating palliative care services into the mainstream health systems.
Collaborative Model for International Telehealth: High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Training for Emerging Radiation Oncology Centers in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Hatcher Jeremy , Shulman Adam , Dempsey Claire , Chang Betty , Malhotra Sameeksha , Oladeru Oluwadamilola , Tassoto Michael , Sandwall Peter , Dieterich Sonja , Li Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is a critical treatment modality—both palliative and curative—for gynecologic malignancies that significantly burden low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many of these countries currently have limited capacity to provide necessary brachytherapy treatment. To bridge this gap in LMICs in North Africa and the Middle East, nonprofits Rayos Contra Cancer and Radiating Hope evaluated the efficacy, cost, and feasibility of a pilot HDR brachytherapy continuing medical education curriculum to selected regional cancer centers via videoconferencing. METHODS Rayos Contra Cancer and Radiating Hope recruited a global team of HDR brachytherapy content experts. They developed a 16-week curriculum and recruited 10 regional cancer center partners in LMICs throughout the Middle East, Africa, and Nepal. The curriculum included 17 sessions shared via live Zoom videoconferences. A lead correspondent was assigned for communication at each center. Attendance was taken during each call, and pre- and postsession Likert-scale (1 to 5 points) surveys were collected from participants that assessed their confidence in 15 practical competencies in HDR brachytherapy and overall confidence in their ability to provide services and teach others. RESULTS A total of 326 attendance hours was recorded during the curriculum. Among 46 participants, the average paired confidence scores increased pre- versus postcurriculum in all 15 practical competencies, with an average improvement of 1.2 out of 5 and significant P values in all 15 topics. Absolute improvements were largest for confidence in applicator commissioning (2.3 to 3.8, P = .0015), TPS commissioning (2.2 to 3.7, P = .0010), and commissioning an HDR machine (2.2 to 4.0, P = .00096). Participant confidence significantly increased in ability to provide services (3.5 to 4.2, P = .0023) and teach others (3.4 to 3.9, P = .013). There was no cost to provide this training, and more than 4,300 patients are treated annually with HDR brachytherapy at participating centers. CONCLUSION This novel low-cost telehealth model for HDR brachytherapy training is a promising vehicle for advancing cancer care in LMICs. Postcourse surveys demonstrated increased confidence in both providing care and teaching in HDR brachytherapy, and sessions were well attended. A video-based telehealth teaching platform enabled expert HDR brachytherapy providers and physicists to reach growing cancer centers worldwide.
Hepatitis B Virus Screening and Management for Patients With Cancer Prior to Therapy: ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion Update
Authors: Hwang Jessica P. , Feld Jordan J. , Hammond Sarah P. , Wang Su H. , Alston-Johnson Devena E. , Cryer Donna R. , Hershman Dawn L. , Loehrer Andrew P. , Sabichi Anita L. , Symington Banu E. , Terrault Norah , Wong Melisa L. , Somerfield Mark R. , Artz Andrew S. 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE This Provisional Clinical Opinion update presents a clinically pragmatic approach to hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening and management. PROVISIONAL CLINICAL OPINION All patients anticipating systemic anticancer therapy should be tested for HBV by 3 tests—hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) total immunoglobulin (Ig) or IgG, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen—but anticancer therapy should not be delayed. Findings of chronic HBV (HBsAg-positive) or past HBV (HBsAg-negative and anti-HBc–positive) infection require HBV reactivation risk assessment. Patients with chronic HBV receiving any systemic anticancer therapy should receive antiviral prophylactic therapy through and for minimum 12 months following anticancer therapy. Hormonal therapy alone should not pose a substantial risk of HBV reactivation in patients with chronic HBV receiving hormonal therapy alone; these patients may follow noncancer HBV monitoring and treatment guidance. Coordination of care with a clinician experienced in HBV management is recommended for patients with chronic HBV to determine HBV monitoring and long-term antiviral therapy after completion of anticancer therapy. Patients with past HBV infection undergoing anticancer therapies associated with a high risk of HBV reactivation, such as anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies or stem-cell transplantation, should receive antiviral prophylaxis during and for minimum 12 months after anticancer therapy completion, with individualized management thereafter. Careful monitoring may be an alternative if patients and providers can adhere to frequent, consistent follow-up so antiviral therapy may begin at the earliest sign of reactivation. Patients with past HBV undergoing other systemic anticancer therapies not clearly associated with a high risk of HBV reactivation should be monitored with HBsAg and alanine aminotransferase during cancer treatment; antiviral therapy should commence if HBV reactivation occurs. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/supportive-care-guidelines .
CNS Metastases in Patients With MET Exon 14–Altered Lung Cancers and Outcomes With Crizotinib
Authors: Offin Michael , Luo Jia , Guo Robin , Lyo John K. , Falcon Christina , Dienstag Jordan , Wilkins Olivia , Chang Jason , Rudin Charles M. , Riely Gregory , Rekhtman Natasha , Arcila Maria E. , Heller Glenn , Ladanyi Marc , Li Bob T. , Kris Mark G. , Paik Paul , Drilon Alexander 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE Although MET exon 14 ( METex14)–altered lung cancers were first identified more than a decade and a half ago, the frequency of CNS metastatic disease remains poorly defined. Furthermore, the seminal trial of crizotinib in these patients (PROFILE 1001) did not report patterns of CNS response or progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with pathologically confirmed, advanced non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harboring a METex14 alteration by targeted DNA/RNA sequencing were studied. The incidence of brain metastases and the outcomes of MET inhibition with crizotinib were analyzed. RESULTS Eighty-three patients with METex14-altered metastatic NSCLC were identified. The incidence of CNS metastases at diagnosis was 17% (95% CI, 10% to 27%). The lifetime incidence was 36% (95% CI, 26% to 47%); 83% of patients had parenchymal disease, and 17% had leptomeningeal disease. The probability of having brain metastasis at 1, 2, and 3 years was 24%, 35%, and 38%, respectively. Fifty-four patients received crizotinib. The median time to radiologic CNS progression was 5.8 months (range, 3.7-20.0 months). Patterns of crizotinib progression were as follows: intracranial only in 10% of patients, intracranial and extracranial in 12%, and extracranial only in 78%. In patients with brain metastases before treatment, the median time on crizotinib was 7.5 months (range, 7.2-11.7 months). CONCLUSION CNS metastases, including leptomeningeal disease, occurred in more than a third of patients with METex14-altered lung cancers. In crizotinib-treated patients with or without CNS metastases, CNS failure was seen in less than a quarter of patients on progression.
The Concordance Between Imaging and Adrenal Vein Sampling Varies With Aldosterone-Driver Somatic Mutation
Authors: Wannachalee Taweesak , Caoili Elaine , Nanba Kazutaka , Nanba Aya , Rainey William E , Shields James J , Turcu Adina F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Correct subtyping of primary aldosteronism (PA) is critical for guiding clinical management. Adrenal imaging is less accurate than adrenal vein sampling (AVS); nonetheless, AVS is invasive, technically challenging, and scarcely available.

Objective
To identify predictors of concordance between cross-sectional imaging and lateralized AVS in patients with PA that could help circumvent AVS in a subset of patients.

Methods
We retrospectively studied all patients with PA who underwent AVS in a tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019. AVS was performed before and after cosyntropin stimulation. Patients with lateralized AVS in at least one condition were included. Aldosterone synthase-guided next-generation sequencing was performed on available adrenal tissue. Logistic regression was implemented to identify predictors of imaging-AVS lateralization concordance.

Results
A total of 234 patients (62% men), age 20 to 79 years, 73% white, 23% black, and 2% Asian were included. AVS lateralization was found: 1) both pre- and post-cosyntropin (Uni/Uni) in 138 patients; 2) only at baseline (Uni/Bi) in 39 patients; 3) only after cosyntropin stimulation (Bi/Uni) in 29 patients. Catheterization partially failed in 28 patients. AVS-imaging agreement was higher in patients with KCNJ5 versus other aldosterone-driver somatic mutations (90.3% versus 64.6%; P &lt; 0.001); in Asian and white versus black Americans (75%, 70%, and 36%, respectively); in younger patients; and those with left adrenal nodules and contralateral suppression. Conversely, AVS-imaging agreement was lowest in Uni/Bi patients (38% vs. 69% in Uni/Uni, and 62% in Bi/Uni; P = 0.007).

Conclusions
While AVS-imaging agreement is higher in young white and Asian patients, who have KCNJ5-mutated aldosterone producing adenomas, no predictor confers absolute imaging accuracy.
Oral D/L-3-Hydroxybutyrate Stimulates Cholecystokinin and Insulin Secretion and Slows Gastric Emptying in Healthy Males
Authors: Rittig Nikolaj , Svart Mads , Thomsen Henrik Holm , Vestergaard Esben Thyssen , Rehfeld Jens Frederik , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens Juul , Johannsen Mogens , Møller Niels , Jessen Niels 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3-OHB) is a ketone body that serves as an alternative nutritional fuel but also as an important signaling metabolite. Oral ketone supplements containing D/L-3-OHB are becoming a popular approach to achieve ketosis.

Aim
To explore the gut-derived effects of ketone supplements.

Methods
Eight healthy lean male volunteers were investigated on 2 separate occasions:
An acetaminophen test was performed to evaluate gastric emptying and blood samples were obtained consecutively throughout the study period.

Results
We show that oral consumption of D/L-3-OHB stimulates cholecystokinin release (P = 0.02), elevates insulin (P = 0.03) and C-peptide (P &lt; 0.001) concentrations, and slows gastric emptying (P = 0.01) compared with matched intravenous D/L-3-OHB administration. Measures of appetite and plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were unaffected by interventions.

Conclusion
Our findings show that D/L-3-OHB exert incretin effects and indicate luminal sensing in the gut endothelium. This adds to our understanding of ketones as signaling metabolites and displays the important difference between physiological ketosis and oral ketone supplements.
The effect of the addition of propolis to resin-modified glass ionomer cement bracket adhesive materials on the growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Saputra Stefani Kristanti , Sutantyo Darmawan , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana , Alhasyimi Ananto Ali 
Published: July 2020

Background: Orthodontic treatments progress alongside the development of adhesive materials. The present study aimed to determine the antibacterial properties of propolis, a natural product, in a mixture of resin-modified glass ionomer cement by observing the growth inhibition zone of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This was an in vitro study conducted on 45 samples of adhesive material, which were divided into control group (resin-modified glass ionomer cement bracket adhesive material), two groups of propolis concentrations (15%, and 25%) and duration (0, 15, and 30 days). The antibacterial effect of each sample was evaluated against S. mutans using an agar plate diffusion test. Measurement of the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of S. mutans was carried out. The data obtained were analyzed statisticallyThe significance value of the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney test was set at p <0.05, while the significance value of the normality and homogeneity test was set at p> 0.05). Datas in this study that were not normally distributed (p = 0.012) but homogeneous (p = 0.110) were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.003) and then the Mann-Whitney test was performed to determine differences in significance between groups. Results: There was a relationship between concentration and duration of propolis to the growth inhibition zone of S. mutans (p=0.003). The addition of 25% propolis concentration inhibited the growth of S. mutans more than the addition of 15% and without propolis (control group). The addition of propolis to resin-modified glass ionomer cement for 15 days was more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. Conclusion: The addition of propolis to adhesive materials provides an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans, which may be effective in the world of preventive dentistry.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DE MONSTROS EM JOGOS VORAZES
Authors: Farias Cássia 
Published: July 2020

Um dos elementos do Gótico que frequentemente pode ser encontrado nas distopias é a monstruosidade. O Gótico, desde suas origens, trata de ansiedades culturais e aparece como uma reação às transformações sociais decorrentes da modernidade (BOTTING, 2005) – nesse sistema, o monstro funciona como uma representação dessas preocupações ao ameaçar a ordem. Historicamente, o monstro faz um alerta, desempenhando um papel moral e promovendo comportamentos virtuosos ao mostrar os riscos do vício e da insensatez (PUNTER; BYRON, 2004). Tendo isso em mente, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a monstruosidade se faz presente na trilogia Jogos Vorazes (2008-2010), de Suzanne Collins, abordando como esses monstros são construídos e qual o seu papel nas narrativas, a fim de estabelecer o que eles revelam sobre a sociedade representada nos romances.
Zero-nonzero Patterns that Allow or Require an Inertia Set Related to Dynamical Systems
Authors: Gao Wei , Shao Yanling 
Published: July 2020

The inertia of an $n\times n$ real matrix $B$, denoted by $\hbox{i}(B)$, is the ordered triple $\hbox{i}(B)=(i_+(B)$, $i_-(B), i_0(B) )$, in which $i_+(B)$, $i_-(B)$ and $i_0(B)$ are the numbers of its eigenvalues (counting multiplicities) with positive, negative and zero real parts, respectively. The inertia of an $n\times n$ zero-nonzero pattern ${\cal A}$ is the set $\hbox{i}({\cal A})=\{\hbox{i}(B) \mid B\in Q({\cal A})\}$. For $n\ge 2$, let $$\mathbb{S}_n^*=\{(0,n,0), (0,n-1,1), (1,n-1,0), (n,0,0), (n-1,0,1), (n-1,1,0)\}.$$
An $n\times n$ zero-nonzero pattern ${\cal A}$ allows $\mathbb{S}_n^*$ if $\mathbb{S}_n^* \subseteq \hbox{i}({\cal A})$ and requires $\mathbb{S}_n^*$ if $\mathbb{S}_n^*=\hbox{i}({\cal A})$. In this paper, it is shown that there are no zero-nonzero patterns for order $n\ge 2$ that require $\mathbb{S}_n^*$. Also, a complete characterization of zero-nonzero star patterns of order $n\ge 3$ that allow $\mathbb{S}_n^*$ is given.