bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing homes and the elderly regarding the COVID-19 pandemic: situation report from Hungary
Authors: Kemenesi Gábor , Kornya László , Tóth Gábor Endre , Kurucz Kornélia , Zeghbib Safia , Somogyi Balázs A. , Zöldi Viktor , Urbán Péter , Herczeg Róbert , Jakab Ferenc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe global impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is significant in terms of public health effects and its long-term socio-economic implications. Among all social groups, the elderly is by far the most affected age group regarding morbidity and mortality. In multiple countries spanning several continents, there are an increasing number of reports referencing the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) spread among nursing homes. These areas are now recognized as potent hotspots regarding the pandemic, which one considers with special regard. Herein, we present currently available data of fatal COVID-19 cases throughout Hungary, along with the analysis of the co-morbidity network. We also report on viral genomic data originating from a nursing home resident. The genomic data was used for viral haplotype network analysis. We emphasize the urgent need for public health authorities to focus on nursing homes and residential service units worldwide, especially in the care of the elderly and infirmed. Our results further emphasize the recent statement released by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the vulnerability among seniors and especially the high risk of COVID-19 emergence throughout nursing and social homes.
The chloroplast genome: a review
Authors: Dobrogojski Jędrzej , Adamiec Małgorzata , Luciński Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChloroplasts are the metabolically active, semi-autonomous organelles found in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Their main function is to carry out the photosynthesis process involving a conversion of light energy into the energy of chemical bonds used for the synthesis of organic compounds. The Chloroplasts’ proteome consists of several thousand proteins that, besides photosynthesis, participate in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, hormones, vitamins, nucleotides and secondary metabolites. Most of the chloroplast proteins are nuclear-encoded. During the course of evolution, many genes of the ancestral chloroplasts have been transferred from the chloroplast genome into the cell nucleus. However, these proteins which are essential for the photosynthesis have been retained in the chloroplast genome. This review aims to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of the knowledge in the field of the chloroplast genome arrangement and the chloroplast genes expression process based on a widely used model in plant genetic research, namely Arabidopsis thaliana.
Analysis of the water use efficiency using super-efficiency data envelopment analysis
Authors: Pan Zhengwei , Wang Yanhua , Zhou Yuliang , Wang Yanfang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a linear programming and production theory-based nonparametric approach that is generally used for efficiency analysis. Older DEA models, such CCR and BCC, can only identify decision-making units (DMUs) efficient or inefficient. The super-efficiency DEA model enables efficient DMUs to be ranked. A change in efficient DMUs can be measured using Malmquist index model, and the Malmquist productivity change index can be decomposed multiplicatively into an efficiency-change component (Effch) and a technical change component (Techch). This paper analyzes the water use efficiency in Shandong Province between 2006 and 2015 using Malmquist productivity index (TFP). The results show that: (1) the mean of super-efficiency scores of 17 cities in Shandong Province for the period 2006–2015 is between 0.965 and 2.760; (2) the water use efficiency was positive in 2006–2007, 2007–2008, and 2013–2014; however, it was negative in the other periods between 2006 and 2015; and (3) technical change is the key influencing factor on water use efficiency of 17 cities in Shandong Province. So, we suggest that Shandong Province encourage technological innovation to promote water use efficiency.
Space-Efficient Feature Maps for String Alignment Kernels
Authors: Tabei Yasuo , Yamanishi Yoshihiro , Pagh Rasmus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractString kernels are attractive data analysis tools for analyzing string data.
Among them, alignment kernels are known for their high prediction accuracies in string classifications when tested in combination with SVM in various applications. However, alignment kernels have a crucial drawback in that they scale poorly due to their quadratic computation complexity in the number of input strings, which limits large-scale applications in practice. We address this need by presenting the first approximation for string alignment kernels, which we call space-efficient feature maps for edit distance with moves (SFMEDM), by leveraging a metric embedding named edit-sensitive parsing and feature maps (FMs) of random Fourier features (RFFs) for large-scale string analyses.
The original FMs for RFFs consume a huge amount of memory proportional to the dimension d of input vectors and the dimension D of output vectors, which prohibits its large-scale applications.
We present novel space-efficient feature maps (SFMs) of RFFs for a space reduction from O(dD) of the original FMs to O(d) of SFMs with a theoretical guarantee with respect to concentration bounds. We experimentally test SFMEDM on its ability to learn SVM for large-scale string classifications with various massive string data, and we demonstrate the superior performance of SFMEDM with respect to prediction accuracy, scalability and computation efficiency.
30 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall. Ursachen für Konvergenz und Divergenz zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland
Authors: Schnabl Gunther , Sepp Tim 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung30 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall wurde keine volle Konvergenz der Wirtschaftsleistung und der Lebensverhältnisse zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland erreicht. Das Papier zeigt die unvollständige Konvergenz bei Produktivität, Einkommen, Steueraufkommen und Vermögen auf. Es diskutiert mögliche Gründe wie das Erbe der Planwirtschaft, wirtschaftspolitische Fehler bei der Wiedervereinigung sowie die ungleiche Konzentration von großen Unternehmen. Darauf aufbauend werden die Hartz-Reformen, die regionalen Verteilungseffekte einer zunehmend lockeren europäischen Geldpolitik sowie der schleichende Verlust einer marktwirtschaftlichen Ordnung als alternative Ursachen für die unterbrochene Konvergenz diskutiert. Daraus werden wirtschaftspolitische Empfehlungen für eine Konvergenz der Wirtschaftskraft in Ostdeutschland abgeleitet.
Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction in the Setting of an Ectopic Ureter
Authors: Smith Joseph Shawn , Springhart William Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A 17-year-old man was referred to a tertiary care urologist for hematuria, hematospermia, and testalgia. The patient had a history of right-sided renal dysgenesis at birth.

Methods
Fluoroscopic investigation with retrograde seminal vesiculography demonstrated the right ureter implanted ectopically into the right ejaculatory duct. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed the ectopic ureter present proximally from the level of the external iliac vessels and implanting into a cystic dilatation on the posterolateral aspect of the prostate. Robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was performed finding an ectopic right ureter forming a confluent cyst with the right ejaculatory duct composed of the seminal vesicle (SV) duct, ureter, and ductus deferens. Incision of the SV revealed mucin balls obstructing the ejaculatory duct.

Results
The nephroureterectomy and removal of the mucin balls resolved the patient’s pain at the 1-month follow-up.

Conclusion
Painful ejaculation or hematospermia in the presence of known renal dysgenesis may constitute Zinner’s syndrome and be an indication for pelvic magnetic resonance imaging or retrograde seminal vesiculography investigation. The classic presentation of pain with contraction of hollow organs and associated proximal dilation on imaging can be applied to the ejaculatory duct. Robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with preservation of the effected SV was a suitable surgical approach for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in this case of Zinner’s syndrome.
Risk Factors for Sexual Pain Among Physically Active Women
Authors: Fergus Kirkpatrick B. , Cohen Andrew J. , Cedars Benjamin E. , Rowen Tami S. , Patino German , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSexual pain is common among women but little is known about associations with exercise and physical activity.AimTo determine the prevalence of sexual pain among physically active women and to evaluate cycling and other potential risk factors.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis of a study on the urinary and sexual wellness of physically active women recruited through sporting clubs and targeted social media advertising. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the role of cycling and exercise in reporting any, frequent, or severe sexual pain, controlling for demographic, relationship, and health risk factors.Main outcome measureSexual pain, including frequency and severity, was measured using the Female Sexual Function Index.ResultsA total of 2,039 women were included, with 1,097 (54%) reporting any level of sexual pain, 364 (18%) experiencing frequent pain, and 378 (19%) reporting severe pain. Less than 5% of women reported diabetes or hypertension, and the cohort had a median body mass index of 23.3 (interquartile range 21.4–25.7). Increasing age and body mass index were protective against any sexual pain, as was cycling (odds ratio [OR] 0.73 [95% CI 0.59–0.90]). Participants who reported being “moderately satisfied” (OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.31–0.91]) or “very satisfied” (OR 0.33 [95% CI 0.19–0.56]) with their emotional closeness to a sexual partner had decreased odds of any sexual pain.ConclusionExperiencing any sexual pain is common in physically active women, with a prevalence of over 50%; however, weekly energy expenditure from exercise was not associated with sexual pain. Cycling participation and higher levels of emotional closeness and intimacy were associated with less pain. Patients between the ages of 18 and 30 years who were normal or underweight incurred the highest risk of sexual pain.
Does Access to Rural Credit Help Decrease Income Inequality in Brazil?
Authors: Neves Mateus de Carvalho Reis , Freitas Carlos Otávio , Silva Felipe de Figueiredo , Costa Davi Rogério de Moura , Braga Marcelo José 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAgricultural production in Brazil has increased in recent decades. Despite this, the rural population continues to face income inequality. Policies targeting this issue, such as rural credit, have been implemented during this period. This study estimates the influence of credit on income inequality in Brazilian rural areas. Results suggest that the family farming credit program (PRONAF) is not associated with increase in inequality. However, access to rural credit from sources other than PRONAF has led to greater household income inequality. Results also indicate that greater levels of education and access to rural extension have boosted the effect of credit on income.
Learning Cycles: Enriching Ways of Knowing Place
Authors: Wooltorton Sandra , White Peta , Palmer Marilyn , Collard Len 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe share a story about akatitjin bidi, a learning journey in a bioregion with a multimillennial Aboriginal history. As part of thiskatitjin bidi, three environmental educators implemented a place-based pedagogy called ‘becoming family with place’, while a fourth participated in the preplanning and final reflective stages. Our story includes cycles of ways of knowing, resulting in an enriched practice of being-with our place. Our story is underpinned by Aboriginal epistemologies to reimagine regenerative futures linked with those of ‘the long now’ — the past, present and future here now. Ours is a particular story that lives in a particular southwest place. There are layers of meanings that live right across the landscapes in the southwest of Australia — and many of them are hiding in full view. You might like to try this pedagogy in school learning, teacher education, and community education contexts.
From Aesthetics to Experience: How Changing Conceptions of Prayer Changed the Sound of Jewish Worship
Authors: Kelman Ari Y. , Lockwood Jeremiah 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThis article tracks changes in conceptions of American Jewish congregational prayer music during the second half of the twentieth century, paying specific attention to the late 1960s and early 1970s. During those years, more than fifty albums of new American Jewish synagogue music were released. These drew on the sounds of folk and rock music, and they represented a shift from the sounds of classical cantorial synagogue music. These changes have largely been understood as a shift away from cantorial styles, which emphasized performance and virtuosity, and toward more accessible and more participatory forms of prayer. This article contributes to our understanding of the sounds of American Jewish prayer practices by attending to the larger discourses in which the musical changes were situated. By listening to the music, reading album liner notes, and contemporaneous writings about Jewish prayer music, we discover a shift in descriptions and expectations of how Jewish prayer ought to work, from one that emphasizes the aesthetics of the music to one that emphasizes the experience of the music. We argue that music is one element of a larger shift in how people who made music for congregational prayer understood prayer and how best to engage congregations in that practice.
Risk of bloodstream infection in patients with renal dysfunction: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Dagasso Gabrielle , Conley Joslyn , Steele Lisa , Parfitt Elizabeth E. C. , Pasquill Kelsey , Laupland Kevin B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are known to be at high risk for developing bloodstream infections (BSI), the risk associated with lesser degrees of renal dysfunction is not well defined. We sought to determine the risk for acquiring and dying from community-onset BSIs among patients with renal dysfunction. A retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted among adult residents without ESRD in the western interior of British Columbia. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were determined for cases and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated using prevalence estimates. Overall, 1553 episodes of community-onset BSI were included of which 39%, 32%, 17%, 9%, 2% and 1% had preceding eGFRs of ≥90, 60–89, 45–59, 30–44, 15–29 and <15 ml/min/m2, respectively. As compared to those with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/m2, patients with eGFR 30–59 ml/min/m2(IRR 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9–4.9) and eGFR <30 ml/min/m2(IRR 7.0; 95% CI 5.0–9.5) were at significantly increased risk for the development of community-onset BSI. An eGFR <30 ml/min/m2was an independent risk factor for death (odds ratio 2.3; 95% CI 1.01–5.15). Patients with renal dysfunction are at increased risk for developing and dying from community-onset BSI that is related to the degree of dysfunction.
An evaluation of direct PCR assays for the detection and quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Gu B. L. , Qi Y. J. , Kong J. Y. , Li Z. T. , Wang J. P. , Yuan X. , Gao S. G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis has been linked to the development and progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and is considered to be a high-risk factor for ESCC. Currently, the commonly used methods for P. gingivalis detection are culture or DNA extraction-based, which are either time and labour intensive especially for high-throughput applications. We aimed to establish and evaluate a rapid and sensitive direct quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) protocol for the detection of P. gingivalis without DNA extraction which is suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies. Paired gingival swab samples from 192 subjects undergoing general medical examinations were analysed using two direct and one extraction-based qPCR assays for P. gingivalis. Tris-EDTA buffer-based direct qPCR (TE-direct qPCR), lysis-based direct qPCR (lysis-direct qPCR) and DNA extraction-based qPCR (kit-qPCR) were used, respectively, in 192, 132 and 60 of these samples for quantification of P. gingivalis. The sensitivity and specificity of TE-direct qPCR was 95.24% and 100% compared with lysis-direct qPCR, which was 100% and 97.30% when compared with kit-qPCR; TE-direct qPCR had an almost perfect agreement with lysis-direct qPCR (κ = 0.954) and kit-qPCR (κ = 0.965). Moreover, the assay time used for TE-direct qPCR was 1.5 h. In conclusion, the TE-direct qPCR assay is a simple and efficient method for the quantification of oral P. gingivalis and showed high sensitivity and specificity compared with routine qPCR.
Parfit on Act Consequentialism
Authors: de Lazari-Radek Katarzyna , Singer Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the first two volumes of On What Matters, Derek Parfit argues that three major normative theories – Kantianism, Contractualism and Rule Consequentialism – are, in their most defensible forms, compatible, and can be reconciled in what he calls ‘Triple Theory’. This has led many to assume that Parfit does not believe that Act Consequentialism is a defensible form of Consequentialism. We draw on correspondence with Parfit to show that this assumption is incorrect. We then consider Parfit's efforts, in the third volume of On What Matters, to narrow the differences between Act Consequentialism and the triple theory, in part by treating impartial rationality as an external rival to morality, in much the same way that egoism is an external rival to morality. We argue that Parfit's attempts to bridge the gap between Act Consequentialism and Triple Theory meet with only limited success.
A long-term, open-label study of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Lindenmayer Jean-Pierre , Verghese Cherian , Marder Stephen R. , Burke Joshua , Jimenez Roland , Siegert Scott , Liang Grace S. , O’Brien Christopher F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with tardive dyskinesia (TD) who completed a long-term study (KINECT 3 or KINECT 4) of valbenazine (40 or 80 mg/day, once-daily for up to 48 weeks followed by 4-week washout) were enrolled in a subsequent study (NCT02736955) that was primarily designed to further evaluate the long-term safety of valbenazine.MethodsParticipants were initiated at 40 mg/day (following prior valbenazine washout). At week 4, dosing was escalated to 80 mg/day based on tolerability and clinical assessment of TD; reduction to 40 mg/day was allowed for tolerability. The study was planned for 72 weeks or until termination due to commercial availability of valbenazine. Assessments included the Clinical Global Impression of Severity-TD (CGIS-TD), Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ), and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsAt study termination, 85.7% (138/161) of participants were still active. Four participants had reached week 60, and none reached week 72. The percentage of participants with a CGIS-TD score ≤2 (normal/not ill or borderline ill) increased from study baseline (14.5% [23/159]) to week 48 (64.3% [36/56]). At baseline, 98.8% (158/160) of participants rated their prior valbenazine experience with a PSQ score ≤2 (very satisfied or somewhat satisfied). At week 48, 98.2% (55/56) remained satisfied. Before week 4 (dose escalation), 9.4% of participants had ≥1 TEAE. After week 4, the TEAE incidence was 49.0%. No TEAE occurred in ≥5% of participants during treatment (before or after week 4).ConclusionsValbenazine was well-tolerated and persistent improvements in TD were found in adults who received once-daily treatment for >1 year.
Dietary intake and processes of behaviour change in a nutrition education intervention for pregnant women in rural Malawi: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ziyenda Katenga-Kaunda Lillian , Iversen Per Ole , Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd , Fjeld Heidi , Mdala Ibrahimu , Kamudoni Penjani Rhoda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine if increased intake of locally available nutrient-dense foods among pregnant women improved the quality of their dietary intake and if use of the Theory of Planned Behaviour could explain changes in their dietary behaviour.Design:We used data from a randomised controlled trial where the intervention group received nutrition education and dietary counselling. We promoted the use of recipes that utilised powders to enhance dietary diversity. We examined how the intervention achieved changes in dietary intakes and used mixed effects logistic regression models with random effects at village level to explore changes over time of the outcomes, adjusted for selected explanatory variables.Setting:The study was conducted in twenty villages in rural Malawi.Participants:Data from 257 pregnant women who were enrolled during late first trimester and followed until birth.Results:The intervention achieved improvements in the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and the Six Food Group Pyramid (SFG) score, especially in intakes of micronutrient-rich foods. A third of the women in the intervention group attained optimal DDS, whereas about 50 % attained optimal SFG. The theorised behaviour mediators (i.e. nutrition attitudes, nutrition behaviour control and subjective norm) that had improved were also significantly associated with high DDS.Conclusions:Improved dietary intakes were achieved through promoting the use of locally available nutrient-dense foods. Attainment of high DDS was a consequence of the women’s belief in the effectiveness of the proposed nutrition recommendations. We identified critical personal and environmental constraints related to dietary intakes during pregnancy in a low-resource setting.
Preconception nutrition: building advocacy and social movements to stimulate action
Authors: Vogel Christina , Kriznik Natasha , Stephenson Judith , Barker Mary 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAction to improve preconception nutrition is a collective, societal responsibility. We believe that the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) society is ideally placed to facilitate the development of a global agenda for preconception nutrition which recognises the societal importance of nutrition for young women and men, and supports them in optimising their nutritional status for the benefit of the next generation. In this paper, we outline four key actions that can be taken by the members of DOHaDʼs international society located across 67 countries, and nine regional societies, to demonstrate this leadership role. The recommended actions to place preconception nutrition at the top of national and regional agendas include (i) continuing to build the scientific evidence, (ii) monitoring of progress made by governments and commercial companies, (iii) developing advocacy coalitions that unite individuals and organisations around common policy options and (iv) working with partners to develop an emotive and empowering preconception nutrition awareness campaign. Collectively, these actions hold the potential to develop into a preconception nutrition social movement to invoke high-level government support and across-sector policy action, while raising public demand for action and engaging corporate actors.