bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hysteresis Models for Estimating the Characteristics of High Pressure Solenoid Valves for Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Röhren Felix , Groß-Weege Ines , Leonhardt Steffen , Walter Marian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The flow control of inspiratory valves for mechanical ventilation is a crucial element of the overall functionality as it mainly governs precision and safety. However, control tuning can be challenging as the widely used magnetic actuation principle comes with a hysteresis shaped characteristic. As a result, the production of ventilators is highly dependent on specific valves and therefore vulnerable if supply chains are interrupted as during the pandemic. An approach which is capable of providing a reliable control for a variety of standard solenoid valves would be beneficial. Therefore, this work examines different models of hysteresis and their precision when being applied to actual measurement data of high pressure solenoid valves as a foundation for a following model-based control approach which can be either feedback or feedforward. Regarding the precision, the Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) model outperformed alternative approaches (MAEbelow2.5 L/ min) for the chosen parameters which is why the model is described for fitting both the forward and inverse case.
Comprehensive Generative Approach to Design Insoles
Authors: Schneider Julia , Essafi Sanae , Valerga Puerta Ana Pilar , Völz Diana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Orthopaedic insoles are necessary for correcting foot deformities and providing customized support. This paper investigates the optimization of insole design through computational methods, with a focus on generative design (GD) techniques. By integrating advanced design methods with biomechanical analysis, this study aims to develop customized insoles that effectively treat foot disorders. To adequately account for all relevant forces acting on the foot during gait, a biomechanical load model is created. In addition to vertical forces, the model includes horizontal forces (anterior-posterior and medial-lateral) that occur parallel to the walking surface. GD can optimize the insole design to distribute pressure and support areas of the foot appropriately by creating functionally graded lattice structures. The study examines the potential of GD in creating insoles and the impact of the load model on the design outcome. The design process includes dynamic pedography and gait analysis to ensure that the insoles are tailored to the patient’s individual needs. Future research challenges include incorporating horizontal forces and minimizing mass while maintaining support. The study highlights the potential of computational methods, such as GD and artificial intelligence, in optimizing the design of orthopaedic insoles to ultimately improve patient comfort and mobility.
Electrode contact estimation based on preoperative versus postoperative imaging as a basis for anatomy-based fitting
Authors: Schreier Andrea , Draut Sarah , Stihl Clemens , Molenda Carmen , Neuling Maike , Müller Philipp , Müller Franziska , Stöcklein Sophia , Simon Florian , Schrötzlmair Florian , Hempel John Martin , Müller Joachim , Polterauer Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anatomy-based fitting (ABF) has the potential to lead to better outcomes than conventional clinically-based fitting (CBF). It has already been shown that anatomy-based fitting based on postoperative imaging (postopABF) can improve speech understanding. Moreover, it was demonstrated that patients preferred anatomy-based fitting maps based on preoperative imaging (preop ABF) over CBF. The goal of this study was to examine if a difference between preopABF and postopABF could be observed. Via the software OTOPLAN4 (CAScination, MED-EL) the electrode position was calculated based on preoperatively, as part of the clinical routine, obtained imaging (CT or MRI). If necessary, after the cochlear implantation surgery the selected electrode array was adapted if a different array was chosen intraoperatively. This data was exported into the fitting software MAESTRO to enable a preopABF. The same process was done based on postoperative imaging (CT) so that 1) the frequency bands were compared between preopABF and postopABF data and 2) the difference was displayed in semitones. 27 Patients could be included who got a postoperative CT scan. In addition, subjective tinnitus and dizziness or imbalance issues did not significantly change from the pre-operative appointment over the first fitting to the control fitting one month later. In this study, we could show that there is no significant difference between apical to medial and a significant difference for medial to basal electrode contacts between the preopABF and postopABF regarding the frequency bands. Thus, preopABF is an easy, clinically practicable way to implement ABF, which is promising to lead to better outcomes without extra costs and the radiation burden that comes with postopABF. If patients subjectively prefer either preopABF or postopABF is still to be examined.
Comparison of LGE-MRI and Local Impedance Data Recorded in Human Left Atria
Authors: Stolte Franziska Sophia , Martínez Antón Carmen , Invers Rubio Eric , Guasch Eduard , Mont Lluís , Dössel Olaf , Loewe Axel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Efficient personalized ablation strategies for treating atrial arrhythmias remain challenging. Discrepancies in identifying arrhythmogenic areas using characterization methods, such as late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) and electroanatomical mapping, require a comparative analysis of local impedance (LI) and LGE-MRI data. This study aims to analyze correlations as basis for improvement of treatment strategies. 16 patients undergoing left atrium (LA) ablation with LGE-MRI acquisition and LI data recording were recruited. LGE-MRI data and LI measurements were normalized to patient- and modality-specific blood pool references. A global mean shape was generated based on all patient geometries, and normalized local impedance (LIN) and LGE-MRI image intensity ratio (IIR) data points were coregistered for comparison. Data analysis comprised intra-patient and inter-patient assessments, evaluating differences in LIN values among datasets categorized by their IIR. Due to substantial deviations in LIN values, even within the same patient and IIR-category, discerning the presence or absence of a correlation was challenging, and no statistically significant correlation could be identified. Our findings underscore the necessity for standardized protocols in data acquisition, processing, and comparison, to minimize unquantified confounding effects. While immediate substitution of LI for LGE-MRI seems improbable given the significant LIN variations, this preliminary study lays the groundwork for systematic data acquisition. By ensuring data quality, a meaningful comparison between LI and LGE-MRI data can be facilitated, potentially shaping future strategies for atrial arrhythmia treatment.
Reliable and Content-specific Support for Keyword Selection through AI and Statistics
Authors: Strube Tom , Nowak Tom , Pokotylo Mariia , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the recent popularity and availability of Large Language Models (LLMs), creators of educational materials can more efficiently extract keywords for use in personalised learning recommendations than ever before. However, due to the LLMs’ probabalistic nature, the automation of the otherwise labour-intense keyword extraction inherits the risk of biased and non-explainable results. In this research, we present an original framework to enhance keyword selection based on content title and description through a novel, reliability-sensitive, keyword selection algorithm. For this, we collected 38 potential keywords (together with their definitions) for five topics on dementia care from previous studies, together with two contents per topic. To assess the new method’s support in extracting keywords, we then prompted 5 human experts and 3 LLMs (using Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) for the keyword definitions) to select keywords to include and exclude for each content. Using Krippendorf’s a metric, we then were able to adapt to the present agreement, and to reliably select keyword sets for inclusion and exclusion for each content individually. Last, we compared these LLM-based keyword sets with those selected by humans to assess the impact of the adaptive keyword selection algorithm. Overall, the results suggest that LLMs generally struggle with the task (66% of extraction attempts either contained hallucinated or did not return any keywords), and topic-wise internal agreement is low ( a=0.59 (0.42) for model 3 (using RAG) on average; a=0.68 for human raters). Due to this, the reliable keyword selection resulted in a median set of 6|27 keywords for inclusion|exclusion per topic, with many of those keywords being within the benchmark keyword sets selected by human raters. To conclude, this approach shows effective in adapting to different levels of agreement in extracting keywords.
Test exercise for a long-term monitoring of unilateral leg amputees in gonarthrosis therapy
Authors: Joerg Subke , Benedict Schneider , Abel Hobil , Joachim Schwalbe Hans 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Unilateral leg amputees suffer from an increased risk of gonarthrosis. The risk of substantial joint damage ca be decreased by an early diagnosis, therapy and long-term monitoring to regularly assess the knee joint’s condition. To adapt the acoustic-kinetic analysis to unilateral amputees, a hand rig with Hottinger Quantum X440B and 2SMR sensors was added to the measurement setup. It helps the probands to keep their balance and to achieve a fluent motion during their test exercise of 3 knee bends in 10 seconds. The measurement setup comprises a ZebrisR system to measure the vertical ground force, two Zebris SyncR Cams to assess the sagittal knee angle, the frontal horizontal knee shift and - in case of the amputees- the data of the hand forces via the Hottinger sensors. It is crucial to establish if the test exercise is adequate for the amputees and if the probands can perform the exercise regularly and over a long period of time with less than 10% - 20% variation. To this end a case study out of a pilot study of 18 case conditions and 108 measurements is presented to clarify the approach. The proband is female, 43 years old, with a unilateral amputation at the thigh. She does not suffer from arthrosis. She performed the test routine six times over a period of five weeks. The kinetic analysis resulted in a characteristic pattern, comparable to non-amputated patients. The results showed a good recurrence and therefore indicate that the test exercise of 3 knee bends in 10 seconds with hand support will be the exercise prospective studies.
Numerical investigation of the effects of pre-dilatation on paravalvular leakage during transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Supp Laura , Oldenburg Jan , Spanjaards Michelle , Stiehm Michael , Öner Alper , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Borowski Finja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to promising results, the patient cohort for transcather aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been extended in recent years to include patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). There are different types of BAV. One variant is the tricommisural bicuspid aortic valve (TBAV). BAV have an increased risk of post-TAVR complications such as paravalvular leakage. In the case of paravalvular leakage, blood flows past the prosthesis back into the ventricle during diastole. Clinically, patients with BAV are often pre-dilated. For this reason, we want to investigate how pre-dilatation of BAV can affect the leakage rate. A simplified model is used for pre-dilatation, where the calcification nodule is cut along the free edge of the leaflets before the deployment. In order to evaluate the effects of this method, a deployment simulation was carried out for both geometries using an explicit calculation. A flow simulation was then performed to determine the paravalvular leakage. The pre-dilatation allows the leaflets to move independently of each other. Without pre-dilatation, the TAVR cannot fully expanded. The leakage rate is higher for the BAV than for the pre-dilated geometry (53.1mLs−1 vs. 19.4mLs−1). In this model, we have shown the effect of pre-dilatation on implantation results.
Iterative Design of a Decision Support System for Fall Risk Detection in residential care facilities
Authors: Tschorn Niklas , Keuchel Maren , Müller Inga , Milkov Sarah , Potthoff Christian , Windrath Dioselina , Weber Yvonne , Meister Sven , Burmann Anja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nursing care jobs are predominantly described as burdensome. In particular, the workload and the time available to deal with it are in a state of imbalance. Nurses are very often under time pressure and have to make decisions under psychological, emotional and physical stresses. Machine learning methods and in particular, Decision Support Systems (DSS) can be used to support nurses with improved information (e.g. visualization of individual health risks) for decisions that are not easy to make. As falls are one of the most common health problems in care facilities, we will present a concept of a DSS for the prevention of falls that was developed in the PFLIP research project. We explain our user-centered design process based on ISO 9241-210-2019. User feedback is obtained at each phase so that nurses can identify problems at an early stage. The result is a conceptual design, visualized as a click dummy, to identify individual fall risks and predict preventive measures to reduce the risk of falling.
Design and Characterisation of an EIT Current Supply Module
Authors: Wilkie Jack , Battistel Alberto , Rongqin Chen , Moller Knut 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Electrical Impedance Tomography is used to image the cross-sectional conductivity of an object. It is clinically used for high-frame-rate imaging of lung ventilation. Most current systems use very limited current injection wave-forms and patterns. We have developed a flexible system for researching alternatives. This paper covers our current supply module's design and characterisation. We tested the input filtering, Bandwidth, and parasitic capacitance. The imput fitering functioned similarly to the simulation of the design. However, the bandwich was limited to approximately 1 MHz instead of the desired 10 MHz due to excessive parasitic capacitance. We proposed points to redesign that should reduce the capacitance by a factor of 10 and correspondingly increase dandwidth tenfold to 10 MHz.
Towards a voice-based severity scale for Parkinson’s disease monitoring
Authors: Wright Helen , Postema Michiel , Aharonson Vered 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale, used to monitor the disease progression, is based on visual assessments of motor symptoms. Vocal manifestations of Parkinson’s disease differ from the motor ones, specifically in their rate of change with disease severity. As such, a different scale is needed to provide the voice measures of the disease severity. This study employed a dataset of voice-quality features from repeated recordings of Parkinson’s disease patients. The changes of all voice features across the categories were evaluated using one-way analysis-of-variance and support vector regression. Significant changes and marked non-linearly increasing or decreasing trends were shown for all features, for the three-categories scale. Significant changes and trends were obtained in the 12-categories scale, but only for the mild category and the severe category range of scores. The findings imply a potential for voice-based monitoring for the early and late severity stages of Parkinson’s disease that could be continuously used by patients and provide timely warnings of deterioration.
Comparative Analysis of Color Models for improved rPPG Signals in Remote Blood Pressure Measurement
Authors: Wuerich Carolin , Heinrich Kira , Wiede Christian , Seidl Karsten 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The quality of remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) signals presents a significant challenge in contactless optical blood pressure measurement. Feature and morphologybased approaches heavily rely on subtle changes in signal characteristics, but rPPG signals are highly susceptible to noise and interference. This study aims to evaluate rPPG signal quality by assessing correlation with a reference PPG and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) across various color models and rPPG methods. Analyses are performed under different measurement conditions, accounting for common sources of signal artifacts.
A comprehensive analysis of household air pollution due to traditional cooking in the himalayan belt
Authors: Banerjee Nilanjana , Sharma Ashutosh , Kumar Rahul , Dubey Akhil , Harsh Geetanjali , Thakur Amit K. , Kumar Rahul , Chaudhari Pranava 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Household air pollution (HAP) and its health concerns are a significant challenge in the Indian subcontinent and other developing nations. Approximately 4.3 million deaths worldwide are attributed to indoor air pollution rather than outdoor air pollution, most of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional cookstoves, widely used in rural Himalayan areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan, emit pollutants like particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These stoves, which burn solid fuels such as wood, dung, charcoal, and agricultural waste, contribute to respiratory infections, cancer, premature mortality, and cardiovascular diseases. Improving biomass cookstoves can help reduce exposure to the harmful indoor air pollutants. This study evaluates household pollution levels in Uttarakhand, India, using direct data collection to determine the daily contaminant exposure. The findings show extremely high PM 2.5 and 10 emissions (2,100 μg/m³ and 5,000 μg/m³, respectively) due to inefficient cookstove design and incomplete fuel combustion. By comparing traditional and improved cookstoves using standardized testing protocols, the study also measures the efficiency and identifies the causes of high emissions. The results corroborated the hypothesis that traditional cookstoves have a very low thermal efficiency of ∼11 %, leading to the high emissions gathered from sensor data. This comparison provides specific insights into the reasons behind high emissions and suggests targeted improvements. The findings suggest potential improvements in cookstove efficiency, offering a foundation for further research and stakeholder involvement to enhance rural livelihoods in India.
FA-GGBFS based geopolymer concrete incorporating CMRW and SS as fine and coarse aggregates
Authors: Deep Aman , Zade Nikhil P. , Sarkar Pradip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete, which utilizes aluminosilicate precursor materials such as metakaolin, volcanic ash, industrial solid waste including fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag as a binder, is an eco-friendly alternative to Portland cement concrete. Although geopolymer concrete does not use cement, it still has shortcomings in terms of environmental friendliness because the aggregates (fine and coarse) used to prepare geopolymer concrete are natural resources and their excessive use in concrete manufacturing leads to natural resource depletion. In view of this, several researchers have tried to replace natural aggregates with various waste materials, which not only conserves natural resources but also helps in waste management. In the present study, the potential of steel slag and coal mine rock waste as a substitute for coarse and fine aggregates in geopolymer concrete to make it truly green is experimentally evaluated. The use of steel slag and coal mine rock waste as coarse and fine aggregates in geopolymer concrete was observed to significantly improve its strength and durability properties compared to fly ash based geopolymer concrete.
Articulatory phonetics in the market: combining public engagement with ultrasound data collection
Authors: Nance Claire , Dewhurst Maya , Fairclough Lois , Forster Pamela , Kirkham Sam , Lo Justin J. H. , McMonagle Jessica , Nagamine Takayuki , Parkman Seren , Rabani Haleema , Siem Andrea , Turton Danielle , Wang Di 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper is a methodological contribution outlining an approach we have developed to recording ultrasound tongue imaging and audio research data as part of public engagement work. The paper is based on our experience of recording in East Lancashire, UK, at two such events as well as building on the work of other colleagues who have conducted similar projects. We have successfully managed to collect relevant articulatory research data while providing an interesting and enjoyable event for the public. In a context of stretched research budgets and researcher time constraints, this combination allows a time-effective combination of tasks, whilst democratizing academic work and engaging local communities. Our paper has two aims: (i) to describe the logistical and ethical considerations for organizing an event combining articulatory research and public engagement, and (ii) to provide methodological reflection on data collection and eventual data quality obtained including assessment of background noise. We hope to provide inspiration and suggestions for colleagues wishing to pursue research in this area and also acknowledge where some of our methods would benefit from more effective solutions. Sample documents for ethics, publicity, risk assessments, staff planning, timelines, and budgeting are included in our supplementary material toolkit available at https://osf.io/ky3cz/.
Enhanced crashworthiness performance of auxetic structures using artificial neural network and geyser inspired algorithm
Authors: Yıldız Betül Sultan , Yıldız Ali Rıza , Yakupoğlu Cihan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the optimum design of an auxetic energy absorber intended for automobile applications. The material chosen for this energy absorber is SCGA27D galvanized steel. This research proposes the utilization of an artificial neural network-assisted metaheuristic for optimizing automobile structural components. The geyser inspired algorithm (GEA), ship rescue algorithm, and mountain gazelle algorithm are employed to optimize an automobile energy absorber. The objective of the problem is to obtain optimal geometry for an energy absorber while simultaneously reducing mass and meeting energy absorption constraints. The findings demonstrate that both the GEA algorithm and SCGA27D galvanized steel material exhibit exceptional capabilities in designing vehicle structures.
Rollenverständnisse von Vermittlungsfachkräften in Jobcentern und ihre Bedeutung für das Sanktionshandeln
Authors: Senghaas Monika , Röhrer Stefan , Köppen Magdalena , Bernhard Stefan 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
In der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende sind Vermittlungsfachkräfte eine Schnittstelle zwischen Staat und Bürger*innen. Das Handeln von Vermittlungsfachkräften hat einen maßgeblichen Einfluss darauf, wie Bürger*innen Sozial- und Arbeitsmarktpolitik erleben. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir, wie sich das berufliche Rollenverständnis von Vermittlungsfachkräften auf ihren Umgang mit Sanktionen auswirkt. Wir identifizieren administrative, optimierende und sozialarbeiterische Rollenverständnisse und zeigen, dass diese mit unterschiedlichen Wahrnehmungen und Kategorisierungen der Leistungsberechtigten verbunden sind und darüber das Sanktionshandeln beeinflussen. Die empirische Grundlage der Studie bilden Interviews mit Vermittlungsfachkräften in Jobcentern und teilnehmende Beobachtungen von Beratungsgesprächen zwischen Leistungsberechtigten und Vermittlungsfachkräften.