bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaching the ultimate energy resolution of a quantum detector
Authors: Karimi Bayan , Brange Fredrik , Samuelsson Peter , Pekola Jukka P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantum calorimetry, the thermal measurement of quanta, is a method of choice for ultrasensitive radiation detection ranging from microwaves to gamma rays. The fundamental temperature fluctuations of the calorimeter, dictated by the coupling of it to the heat bath, set the ultimate lower bound of its energy resolution. Here we reach this limit of fundamental equilibrium fluctuations of temperature in a nanoscale electron calorimeter, exchanging energy with the phonon bath at very low temperatures. The approach allows noninvasive measurement of energy transport in superconducting quantum circuits in the microwave regime with high efficiency, opening the way, for instance, to observe quantum jumps, detecting their energy to tackle central questions in quantum thermodynamics.
Weak phases production and heat generation control fault friction during seismic slip
Authors: Rattez Hadrien , Veveakis Manolis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe triggering and magnitude of earthquakes is determined by the friction evolution along faults. Experimental results have revealed a drastic decrease of the friction coefficient for velocities close to the maximum seismic one, independently of the material studied. Due to the extreme loading conditions during seismic slip, many competing physical phenomena occur (like mineral decomposition, nanoparticle lubrication, melting among others) that are typically thermal in origin and are changing the nature of the material. Here we show that a large set of experimental data for different rocks can be described by such thermally-activated mechanisms, combined with the production of weak phases. By taking into account the energy balance of all processes during fault movement, we present a framework that reconciles the data, and is capable of explaining the frictional behavior of faults, across the full range of slip velocities (10−9 to 10 m/s).
Process strategy to fabricate a hierarchical porosity gradient in diatomite-based foams by 3D printing
Authors: Capasso I. , Liguori B. , Verdolotti L. , Caputo D. , Lavorgna M. , Tervoort E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotivated by the hierarchical micro and nanoscale features in terms of porosity of diatomite, the production of ceramic-graded porous foams with tailored porosity, obtained by using it as raw material, has been proposed. The main challenge during the foam-production process has been the preservation of diatomite nanometric porosity and the addition of other levels of hierarchical porosity. The coupled use of two techniques of direct foaming (chemical and mechanical), combined with the use of 3D printing inverse replica method, assured the achievement of porosity of, respectively, microscopic and macroscopic dimensions. Optical and scanning electron microscopies have been performed for an in-depth characterization of the final microstructure. XRD analysis has been carried out to check the influence of sacrificial templates on the matrix mineralogical composition. The porosity of the diatomite-based foams has been investigated by means of nitrogen-adsorption analysis and mercury-intrusion porosimetry. The experimental tests confirmed the presence of different porous architectures ranging over several orders of magnitudes, giving rise to complex systems, characterized by hierarchical levels of porosity. The presence of porosity of graded dimensions affects the final mechanical performances of the macroporous diatomite-based foams, while their mineralogical composition does not result to be affected by the addition of templates.
Signature of adaptive evolution in olfactory receptor genes in Cory’s Shearwater supports molecular basis for smell in procellariiform seabirds
Authors: C. Silva Mónica , Chibucos Marcus , Munro James B. , Daugherty Sean , Coelho M. Manuela , C. Silva Joana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOlfactory receptors (ORs), encoded by the largest vertebrate multigene family, enable the detection of thousands of unique odorants in the environment and consequently play a critical role in species survival. Here, we advance our knowledge of OR gene evolution in procellariiform seabirds, an avian group which relies on the sense of olfaction for critical ecological functions. We built a cosmid library of Cory’s Shearwater (Calonectris borealis) genomic DNA, a model species for the study of olfaction-based navigation, and sequence OR gene-positive cosmid clones with a combination of sequencing technologies. We identified 220 OR open reading frames, 20 of which are full length, intact OR genes, and found a large ratio of partial and pseudogenes to intact OR genes (2:1), suggestive of a dynamic mode of evolution. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that while a few genes cluster with those of other sauropsid species in a γ (gamma) clade that predates the divergence of different avian lineages, most genes belong to an avian-specific γ-c clade, within which sequences cluster by species, suggesting frequent duplication and/or gene conversion events. We identified evidence of positive selection on full length γ-c clade genes. These patterns are consistent with a key role of adaptation in the functional diversification of olfactory receptor genes in a bird lineage that relies extensively on olfaction.
Endothelial Autophagy: an Effective Target for Radiation-induced Cerebral Capillary Damage
Authors: Ai Xiaolin , Ye Zengpanpan , Yao Yuqin , Xiao Jianghong , You Chao , Xu Jianguo , Huang Xi , Zhong Jian , Fan Min , Song Xuejiao , Shi Huashan , Zhang Dongmei , Zhao Chengjian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractToxicity to central nervous system tissues is the common side effects for radiotherapy of brain tumor. The radiation toxicity has been thought to be related to the damage of cerebral endothelium. However, because of lacking a suitable high-resolution vivo model, cellular response of cerebral capillaries to radiation remained unclear. Here, we present the flk:eGFP transgenic zebrafish larvae as a feasible model to study the radiation toxicity to cerebral capillary. We showed that, in living zebrafish larvae, radiation could induce acute cerebral capillary shrinkage and blood-flow obstruction, resulting brain hypoxia and glycolysis retardant. Although in vivo neuron damage was also observed after the radiation exposure, further investigation found that they didn’t response to the same dosage of radiation in vitro, indicating that radiation induced neuron damage was a secondary-effect of cerebral vascular function damage. In addition, transgenic labeling and qPCR results showed that the radiation-induced acute cerebral endothelial damage was correlated with intensive endothelial autophagy. Different autophagy inhibitors could significantly alleviate the radiation-induced cerebral capillary damage and prolong the survival of zebrafish larvae. Therefore, we showed that radiation could directly damage cerebral capillary, resulting to blood flow deficiency and neuron death, which suggested endothelial autophagy as a potential target for radiation-induced brain toxicity.
Chitin is a functional component of the larval adhesive of barnacles
Authors: Aldred Nick , Chan Vera Bin San , Emami Kaveh , Okano Keiju , Clare Anthony S. , Mount Andrew S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBarnacles are the only sessile crustaceans, and their larva, the cyprid, is supremely adapted for attachment to surfaces. Barnacles have a universal requirement for strong adhesion at the point of larval attachment. Selective pressure on the cyprid adhesive has been intense and led to evolution of a tenacious and versatile natural glue. Here we provide evidence that carbohydrate polymers in the form of chitin provide stability to the cyprid adhesive of Balanus amphitrite. Chitin was identified surrounding lipid-rich vesicles in the cyprid cement glands. The functional role of chitin was demonstrated via removal of freshly attached cyprids from surfaces using a chitinase. Proteomic analysis identified a single cement gland-specific protein via its association with chitin and localized this protein to the same vesicles. The role of chitin in cyprid adhesion raises intriguing questions about the evolution of barnacle adhesion, as well as providing a new target for antifouling technologies.
Comprehensive analysis of prognostic biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma based on aberrant lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks and Cox regression models
Authors: Yao Yan , Zhang Tingting , Qi Lingyu , Liu Ruijuan , Liu Gongxi , Wang Jia , Song Qi , Sun Changgang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) acts as competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of LUAD. Here, we comprehensively analyzed and provided an overview of the lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs associated with LUAD from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNA), miRNAs (DEmiRNA), and mRNAs (DEmRNA) were used to construct a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network according to interaction information from miRcode, TargetScan, miRTarBase, and miRDB. Finally, the RNAs of the network were analyzed for survival and submitted for Cox regression analysis to construct prognostic indicators. A total of 1123 DElncRNAs, 95 DEmiRNAs, and 2296 DEmRNAs were identified (|log2FoldChange| (FC) &gt; 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) or adjusted P value &lt; 0.01). The ceRNA network was established based on this and included 102 lncRNAs, 19 miRNAs, and 33 mRNAs. The DEmRNAs in the ceRNA network were found to be enriched in various cancer-related biological processes and pathways. We detected 22 lncRNAs, 12 mRNAs, and 1 miRNA in the ceRNA network that were significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with LUAD (P &lt; 0.05). We established three prognostic prediction models and calculated the area under the 1,3,5-year curve (AUC) values of lncRNA, mRNA, and miRNA, respectively. Among them, the prognostic index (PI) of lncRNA showed good predictive ability which was 0.737, 0.702 and 0.671 respectively, and eight lncRNAs can be used as candidate prognostic biomarkers for LUAD. In conclusion, our study provides a new perspective on the prognosis and diagnosis of LUAD on a genome-wide basis, and develops independent prognostic biomarkers for LUAD.
Increased serum total bilirubin-albumin ratio was associated with bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates
Authors: Wang Yan , Sheng Guangyao , Shi Lina , Cheng Xiuyong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We performed the present study to summarize the recent epidemiological characteristics of bilirubin encephalopathy and assess the role of total bilirubin-albumin ratio in the bilirubin encephalopathy. We retrospectively collected clinical data of 669 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2015 and July 2018, including 153 neonates belonged to bilirubin encephalopathy and 516 ones were treated as control group. Compared with the control group, those with bilirubin encephalopathy have higher bilirubin-albumin ratio (13.8 ± 3.6 vs. 10.6 ± 2.5, P=0.000). The direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin level were higher in the case group than that in the control group (P=0.000). On the contrary, the hemoglobin level was lower in the case group than that in the control group (P=0.004). There were no significant differences in gestational age (P=0.510), gender rate (P=0.313), maternal gestational diabetes ratio (P=0.071), natural childbirth ratio (P=0.686), and meconium delay (P=0.091). The results from univariate regression indicated the total bilirubin/albumin ratio was positively associated with bilirubin encephalopathy (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59–3.14). The total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin were also related to encephalopathy. After adjusting some potential cofounding factors, the total bilirubin-albumin was still associated with bilirubin encephalopathy. The higher total bilirubin-albumin ratio increased the risk of bilirubin encephalopathy by 23% (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16–2.48). Our results indicated that the bilirubin-albumin ratio is associated with bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates, and could be a potential predictor.
The novel testicular enrichment protein Cfap58 is required for Notch-associated ciliogenesis
Authors: Li Zheng-Zheng , Zhao Wen-Long , Wang Gui-Shuan , Gu Ni-Hao , Sun Fei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cilia and flagella are critical organelles with conserved internal structures and diverse developmental and physiological processes according to cell type. Although the core components of structures are shared with thousands of associated proteins involved in cilia or flagella formation, we hypothesized that some unknown proteins, such as outer dense fiber 2 (Odf2/Cenexin) perform distinct functions in these organelles. In the present study, we identified several uncharacterized proteins through mass spectrometry interactome analysis of Odf2/Cenexin proteins. We further examined the expression patterns and functions of a protein named cilia and flagella associated protein 58 (Cfap58) in cultured astrocytes and sperm flagella. The results of a combination of biochemical analyses and drug administration studies reveal that Cfap58 is a testis-enrichment protein that exhibits similar localization to Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is required for the elongation of the primary cilium and sperm midpiece via modulation of the Notch signaling pathway. However, the cell cycle-related functions and localization of Odf2/Cenexin in the mother centriole were not altered in Cfap58 knockdown cells. These findings indicate that Cfap58 may be partially recruited by Odf2/Cenexin proteins and is indispensable for the cilia and flagellar assembly. These data provide us with a better understanding of ciliogenesis and flagellar elongation and may aid in identifying new targets for diseases caused by Notch-mediated ciliopathies and flagellar abnormalities.
Star formation in outer rings of S0 galaxies
Authors: Proshina I. , Sil’chenko O. , Moiseev A. 
Published: January 2020

Aims. Although S0 galaxies are often thought to be “red and dead”, they frequently demonstrate star formation organised in ring structures. We try to clarify the nature of this phenomenon and its difference from star formation in spiral galaxies. Here we study the moderate-luminosity nearby S0 galaxy, NGC 4513.
Methods. By applying long-slit spectroscopy along the major axis of NGC 4513, we measured gas and star kinematics, Lick indices for the main body of the galaxy, and strong emission-line flux ratios in the ring. After inspecting the gas excitation in the ring using the line ratios diagnostic diagrams and showing that it is ionised by young stars, we determined the gas oxygen abundance using popular strong-line calibration methods. We estimated the star formation rate (SFR) in the outer ring using the archival Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ultraviolet images of the galaxy.
Results. The ionised gas counter-rotates the stars over the whole extension of NGC 4513 suggesting that it is being accreted from outside. The gas metallicity in the ring is slightly subsolar, [O/H] = −0.2 dex, matching the metallicity of the stellar component of the main galactic disc. However the stellar component of the ring is much more massive than can be explained by the current star formation level in the ring. We conclude that the ring of NGC 4513 is probably the result of tidal disruption of a massive gas-rich satellite, or may be the consequence of a long star-formation event provoked by gas accretion from a cosmological filament that started some 3 Gyr ago.
Analysis of thermal degradation behavior for some hydraulic oils, using FTIR-TGA coupling
Authors: Şuvar Niculina-Sonia , Prodan Maria , Nălboc Irina Vasilica , Szollosi-Moţa Andrei 
Published: January 2020

The transitions between the vibrational energetic states of atoms represent the infrared absorption spectra, which is a band spectrum over which the transitions between energetic rotational states overlap.One of the most important uses of infrared absorption spectrometry is the identification in quantitative terms of the structure of compounds from a substance, the analytes being either solid, liquid or vaporous.The FTIR-TGA Coupling is a technique that permanently controls the mass loss in a sample, as a function of temperature and time, as well as the identification and recording of various compounds occurring during the combustion process.Research on hydraulic oils has consisted of their analysis using the FTIR-TGA coupling in order to identify flammable substances that can generate explosive events.
Locating the probable ignition source in fire expertise
Authors: Florea Gheorghe Daniel , Vlasin Nicolae Ioan 
Published: January 2020

An important aspect in elucidating the causes of fire events occurence, is the identification of the initial outbreak following on-site investigations. Based on the information resulting from the event footprint (observed thermal and dynamic effects) in correlation with the results obtained in the laboratory tests on the collected samples, as well as the possible generating scenarios of the event, the most probable sources of ignition can be identified. The research team must thoroughly analyze all elements of thermal, mechanical, electrical, radiation, chemical, etc. which may have been present or incidents in the initial outbreak.
The computerized fire simulation software will also be used to verify possible scenarios with geometry modeling, combustible / flammable properties of the real case elements, as well as the location of the ignition source, following that the dynamics and propagation directions of simulated fire to be consistent with the case under consideration.
Research regarding the electrification risk of materials, technical equipment and appearance of electrostatic discharges in the presence of explosive atmospheres
Authors: Păun Florin Adrian , Părăian Mihaela , Popa Mihai Cătălin , Gabor Dan 
Published: January 2020

The electrification process of the materials and technical equipment’s, especially the external parts of them, frequently occur during their use, being sometimes an intrinsic process, such as for example flowing of a flammable liquid through a pipe.The electrification process of materials and technical equipment’s is responsible for generating, through specific mechanisms, significant quantities of electrostatic charges.The presence of electrostatic charges on materials and technical equipment’s, used in areas with explosive atmospheres as a result of the electrification process can lead to electrostatic discharges occurrence, which in the presence of an explosive atmosphere may cause an explosion and/or fire.The purpose of the paper is the analyze of essential safety and health requirements applicable to technical equipment’s and materials intended for use in areas with explosive atmospheres in order to identify and establish technical and organizational measures, by their application can eliminate the risk of electrification, the occurrence of electrostatic discharges and consequently the risk of an explosion and/or fire may be reduced.
Phänomenologie des Schmerzerlebens von Patienten auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Ewerbeck Frederik 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungSchmerz ist ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen auf Intensivstationen. Die Erfassung dieses Phänomens ist herausfordernd, vor allem dann, wenn Betroffene nicht mehr selbstständig kommunizieren können. Es ist daher bedeutsam, wie häufig und zu welchen Anlässen Patienten auf Intensivstationen Schmerzen verspüren und ebenso, wie sie diese erleben. Dieser Artikel widmet sich diesem Erleben aus leibphänomenologischer Perspektive.
Burnout und Gratifikationskrisen im Längsschnitt bei
Ärztinnen und Ärzten während der fachärztlichen
Weiterbildung in Deutschland
Authors: Kocalevent Rüya Daniela , Pinnschmidt Hans , Nehls Sarah , Boczor Sigrid , Siegert Stephanie , Scherer Martin , Bussche Hendrik van den 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungMehrere Studien belegen den hohen beruflichen Stress von Ärzten und
Ärztinnen bis hin zu Burnout-Symptomen. Untersucht In der vorliegenden
Studie wurde das Belastungserleben von Ärzten und Ärztinnen im
längsschnittlichen Verlauf der fachärztlichen Weiterbildung
untersucht. Dazu wurde der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich das Burnouterleben unter
Berücksichtigung von Gratifikationskrisen von Beginn bis zum Ende der
Weiterbildung an innerhalb von 6 Jahren verändert und ob es jeweils
einen Einfluss von Geschlecht und Elternstatus gibt. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte
im Rahmen der KarMed Studie. Eingesetzt wurden das Maslach Burnout Inventar
(MBI-HSS (MP)) und der Effort-Reward-Imbalance Fragebogen (ERI). Die
theoretischen Annahmen wurden in allgemeinen linearen Modellen und allgemeinen
linearen gemischten Modellen mit Meßwiederholungsdesign statistisch
überprüft. Es bestand ein hoher Zusammenhang zwischen dem
Ausgangsniveau der Belastung zu Beginn der Weiterbildung und dem
Belastungserleben zum Ende der Weiterbildung. Gratifikationskrisen hatten einen
signifikanten Einfluss auf die Sub-Skala emotionale Erschöpfung des MBI,
nicht aber auf die Subskalen persönliche Leistungsfähigkeit und
Depersonalisation. Signifikante Zeiteffekte fanden sich auf allen 3 Sub-Skalen
des MBI, mit signifikanten Geschlechtseffekten auf den Subskalen emotionale
Erschöpfung und Depersonalistaion. Der Elternstatus weist unter
Berücksichtigung der Burnout-Verlaufswerte und Gratifikationskrisen
keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Burnouterleben auf. Die theoretischen
Implikationen und die praktischen Konsequenzen für die
Gesundheitsförderung von ÄrztInnen werden ebenso diskutiert wie
die Begrenzungen der Untersuchung.
The Comparison of Intrathecal Ropivacaine with Bupivacaine for Knee Arthroscopy: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xie Zhiwei , Nie Xiaoying , Xue Huiqin , Pan Linlin , Zhang Na 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe comparison of intrathecal ropivacaine with bupivacaine for knee arthroscopy remains controversial. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy of intrathecal ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for knee arthroscopy. We search PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through August 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of intrathecal ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for knee arthroscopy. This meta-analysis is performed using the random effects model. Five RCTs are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with intrathecal bupivacaine for knee arthroscopy, intrathecal ropivacaine is associated with increased onset time of motor block (mean difference [MD] = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.43–2.67, p < 0.00001) and decreased duration of sensory block (MD = −26.82, 95% CI: −31.96 to −21.67, p < 0.00001) but shows no remarkable influence on onset time of sensory block (MD = −0.09; 95% CI: −1.89 to 1.70, p = 0.92), duration of motor block (MD = −59.76; 95% CI: −124.44 to 4.91, p = 0.07), time to maximum block (MD = 2.35; 95% CI: –0.16 to 4.86, p = 0.07), first urination time (MD = −26.42, 95% CI: −57.34 to 4.51, p = 0.09), or first ambulation time (MD = 3.63, 95% CI: −25.20 to 32.47, p = 0.80).Intrathecal ropivacaine can substantially increase onset time of motor block and decrease the duration of sensory block than intrathecal bupivacaine for knee arthroscopy.
Interpreting the sacred in dark tourism.
Authors: Nitasha Sharma Nitasha Sharma 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This chapter looks at social constructions of pilgrimage and dark tourism sites through examining death-related rituals in the city of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. In doing so, it investigates how tourists engage with and understand sacred spaces through examining ontological, phenomenological and structural-functional theoretical perspectives of sacred space.