bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Mode of Delivery during COVID-19 between December 2019 and April 2020
Authors: Debrabandere Margot L. , Farabaugh Dana C. , Giordano Carolyn 
Published: December 2020

Objective This study aims to review the published literature to determine mode of delivery in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the indications reported for cesarean section early in the pandemic to add information to the current narrative and raise awareness of trends discovered.
Study Design A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between December 2019 and April 29, 2020 using a combination of the keywords such as COVID-19, coronavirus 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pregnancy, vaginal delivery, cesarean section, vertical transmission, management, and guidelines. Peer-reviewed case studies with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 women who delivered were included to determine mode of delivery, indications for cesarean section, and maternal and neonatal characteristics.
Results A review of 36 total articles revealed deliveries in 203 SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women. A comparable severity of disease in pregnant versus nonpregnant women was noted, as previously determined. Overall, 68.9% of women delivered via cesarean section, with COVID-19 status alone being a common indication. Maternal COVID-19 may also be associated with increased risk of preterm labor, although neonatal outcomes were generally favorable. Despite eight of 206 newborns testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, there remains no definitive evidence of vertical transmission.
Conclusion COVID-19 status alone became a common indication for cesarean delivery early in the pandemic, despite lack of evidence for vertical transmission. The increase in cesarean rate in this data may reflect obstetricians attempting to serve their patients in the best way possible given the current climate of constantly evolving guidelines on safest mode of delivery for the mother, infant, and provider. Upholding current recommendations from trusted organizations as new data are published, while also providing individualized support to expecting mothers on most appropriate mode of delivery, will reduce the amount of unnecessary, unplanned cesarean sections and could lessen the psychological impact of delivering during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Key Points
Clinically approved IVIg delivered to the hippocampus with focused ultrasound promotes neurogenesis in a model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Dubey Sonam , Heinen Stefan , Krantic Slavica , McLaurin JoAnne , Branch Donald R. , Hynynen Kullervo , Aubert Isabelle 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The efficacy of immunotherapy in Alzheimer’s disease is limited, partly because antibodies, administered peripherally, have poor access to the brain. Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles allows the passage of antibodies from the blood to the brain. In a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, antibodies administered in the blood, with and without FUS, reduced amyloid pathology. In contrast, FUS was required to deliver sufficient antibodies to the hippocampus and effectively promote neurogenesis. Neurogenesis, a regenerative process involved in memory functions, is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease. Putative contributors to the stimulation of neurogenesis include a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. FUS holds potential to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease.
Why wild giant pandas frequently roll in horse manure
Authors: Zhou Wenliang , Yang Shilong , Li Bowen , Nie Yonggang , Luo Anna , Huang Guangping , Liu Xuefeng , Lai Ren , Wei Fuwen 
Published: December 2020

Significance
In nature, it is extremely rare to observe attraction to fecal matter between wild mammalian species. Horse manure rolling (HMR) behavior described in this study is frequently observed in QIN pandas at low habitat temperature. Based on integrated analysis from climatic data, animal behaviors, and molecular assays, HMR is found as a temperature-, chemical-, and TRPM8-related behavior that may contribute to pandas’ cold tolerance. This study sheds light on how wild animals actively seek and utilize potential chemical resources from their habitat for survival adaptation.
Early specialized maritime and maize economies on the north coast of Peru
Authors: Tung Tiffiny A. , Dillehay Tom D. , Feranec Robert S. , DeSantis Larisa R. G. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceThe manner in which early human populations in the Americas organized their subsistence strategies and exchange have profound implications on their socioeconomic organization. Analysis of two coexisting Preceramic communities in coastal Peru (∼7,500 to 4,000 calibrated [cal] B.P.) shows that despite their proximity, they ate distinct foods. Huaca Prieta focused on marine resources, Paredones on maize and other crops. They exchanged food items, indicating early forms of cooperation among specialized Preceramic groups. Paredones shows regular maize consumption by 6,500 to 6,000 cal B.P. and maize as a staple by 5,000 to 4,500 cal B.P., particularly as a weaning food. Research on ancient political economies should incorporate isotopic and dental microwear texture data to reveal actual food consumption of the people.
Crystal structure of the FERM-folded talin head reveals the determinants for integrin binding
Authors: Zhang Pingfeng , Azizi Latifeh , Kukkurainen Sampo , Gao Tong , Baikoghli Mo , Jacquier Marie-Claude , Sun Yijuan , Määttä Juha A. E. , Cheng R. Holland , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard , Hytönen Vesa P. , Wu Jinhua 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Although efforts have been made to determine the structure of talin and the way it interacts with integrins through the “head” domain, our work shows now that many of the previous mechanistic models based on the talin adapter are likely to be misleading as they are constructed on a crystal structure representing an improperly folded talin head domain. In this work, we identified the problem with the current talin head model and proposed a FERM-folded talin head. By analyzing these structural features of the FERM-folded talin head in a cellular context, involving also the kindlin adapter, we are making a critical and unprecedented contribution to the understanding and regulation of cell-matrix adhesions.
Comparing crime rates between undocumented immigrants, legal immigrants, and native-born US citizens in Texas
Authors: Light Michael T. , He Jingying , Robey Jason P. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Despite its centrality to public and political discourse, we lack even basic information on fundamental questions regarding undocumented immigrants and crime. This stems largely from data constraints. Going beyond existing research, we utilize data from the Texas Department of Public Safety, which checks and records the immigration status of all arrestees throughout the state. Contrary to public perception, we observe considerably lower felony arrest rates among undocumented immigrants compared to legal immigrants and native-born US citizens and find no evidence that undocumented criminality has increased in recent years. Our findings help us understand why the most aggressive immigrant removal programs have not delivered on their crime reduction promises and are unlikely to do so in the future.
Translation in the UK language classroom
Authors: Barnes Katrina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPedagogical translation in UK secondary school language classrooms appears to have returned to favour after years of demonisation brought about by Grammar Translation pedagogy and the rise of L2-only approaches. This renewed interest is reflected in the recent inclusion of translation in the reading and writing sections of GCSE exams (taken by students in all countries within the UK except Scotland). However, there is still some uncertainty around how translation is perceived and utilised in the language classroom. What function has translation been thus far ascribed within language education? What could it be used to achieve? This article presents an overview of where translation currently sits within the secondary Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) landscape in the UK. It then examines how translation may be redefined as ‘dynamic’ and used as a communicative, creative activity to aid students with various aspects of their language learning. Examples of such activities are provided and explained. Finally, recommendations are made as to how to make Dynamic Translation accessible to students in future, namely through task-based translation projects and new forms of pedagogical translation assessment.
Microstructural aging and property degradation of service-exposed 1Cr–1/2Mo Coke Drum steel
Authors: Li Leijun , Kannan Rangasayee , Wang Yiyu , Sharma Nitin 
Published: December 2020

After long-term service, boat samples of 1Cr-1/2Mo steel seemed to have aged, evidenced by the spheroidisation of carbides in the pearlite region, and a dispersion of fine M23C6 precipitation in the ferrite matrix. The yield strength of the cracked boat samples was two to three times the reported values of new A387 Grade 12 Class 2 material. The ductility is less than 0.5 times the reported values of the new grade. The intergranular fracture mode was likely due to the fine carbide precipitation inside the ferrite grains that strengthened the metal matrix, and the coarse intergranular CrMo-rich carbides that weaken the precipitate/grain boundary interfaces. Cavities similar to creep were observed along the grain boundaries in some of the boat samples, suggesting a possible creep-oxidation damage mechanism for coke drum steels.
“Conserved charges” of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra in the Brans-Dicke theory *
Authors: Hou Shaoqi , Zhu Zong-Hong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The asymptotic symmetries in the Brans-Dicke theory are analyzed using Penrose's conformal completion method, which is independent of the coordinate system used. These symmetries, indeed, include supertranslations and Lorentz transformations for an asymptotically flat spacetime. With the Wald-Zoupas formalism, “conserved charges” and fluxes of the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra are computed. The scalar degree of freedom contributes only to the Lorentz boost charge, even though it plays a role in various fluxes. The flux-balance laws are further applied to constrain the displacement memory, spin memory, and center-of-mass memory effects.
Wind loads on buildings in tandem arrangement
Authors: Korobkov S V , Gnyrya A I , Terekhov V I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the research results of the distribution of the local and integral pressure coefficients over the sides of the square prisms arranged in tandem and experiencing the airflow. The correlation is shown between the obtained airflow patterns and the pressure coefficient distribution; the dependences are obtained between the building arrangement and the distribution of the pressure coefficients; the phenomena caused by the airflow interaction are described in this paper.
Features of thermomechanics of pulsating gas flows in intake systems with grooves in relation to turbocharged engines
Authors: Plotnikov L V , Zhilkin B P , Brodov Yu M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reciprocating engines (RICE) are widely used as heat engines to convert the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical work on the crankshaft. Aerodynamic and thermophysical processes in gas exchange systems significantly affect the efficiency of internal combustion RICEs. This article explores the possibility of influencing the gas dynamics and heat transfer of pulsating gas flows in the intake system by placing a channel with grooves. It is known that the presence of grooves in the channel leads to the formation of significant secondary vortices, which radically change the physical picture of the gas flow. The studies are carried out on a laboratory bench, which was a single-cylinder model of a turbocharged RICE. The system of measurements of basic physical quantities is described, taking into account their high dynamics in gas exchange systems. The experimental data processing techniques are presented. Primary data on the instantaneous values of the gas-dynamic and heat-exchange characteristics of pulsating flows are reported. It is established that the presence of a channel with grooves in the intake system leads to a decrease in the turbulence number by 40% and the intensification of heat transfer in the range of 5-50% compared with the basic intake system. A positive effect is shown in the form of an increase in engine power by 3% when using an upgraded system.
Experimental study of the gas-liquid flow characteristics in a rectangular channel with a large aspect ratio
Authors: Bartkus G V , Kuznetsov V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper experimental studies the gas-liquid flow in a rectangular slit microchannel with cross-section of 200 × 2045 μm. Ethanol and nitrogen are used as working liquids and gas, respectively. The microchannel with an internal symmetric hydraulic focusing mixer is used for the study of the flow pattern for elongated bubble and transition flows. For the study of the wave patterns in the liquid film, the microchannel with an external mixer is applied. Experimental data on flow patterns are obtained using high-speed visualization and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) methods. Using method LIF for elongated bubble and transition flows the local film thickness is measured and compared with Taylor law. For microchannel with an external mixer, the local liquid film thickness is measured for a wavy film at high gas velocity, and the wave influence on local film distribution is discussed.
Structure of stationary gas slug in an annular channel
Authors: Kashinsky O N , Kurdumov A S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Experimental study of liquid flow structure around a stationary gas slug in an annular channel was performed. The channel consisted of two concentric pipes with the diameters of 32 and 10 mm. Slug was produced in a downward liquid flow in an annular channel. Wall shear stress distribution was measured in both walls of the channel using an electrodiffusional technique. It was shown that the shape of the slug in the annular channel differs significantly from that in a circular pipe. The distribution of wall shear stress along the slug was presented for different angular positions in the channel.
Modeling of critical filtration regimes of vapor-liquid flow
Authors: Khramtsov D P , Nekrasov D A , Vyazmin A V , Pokusaev B G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Critical flows are widely used in power engineering. Such flows are characterized by non-stationary processes, active vaporization due to a sharp drop in pressure when the mixture flows from a high-pressure medium to an atmospheric pressure medium, which especially necessitates the study of the parameters of such flows in emergency situations, such as an emergency depressurization of a pipeline or cooling system. Due to the presence of two phases and the transiency of the processes, it is necessary to develop methods for numerical simulation of this process. The energy apparatus with a granular layer adds an additional level of complexity to the study of critical flows, namely, the effect of granular backfill on the characteristics of a two-phase flow. A new model for numerical simulation of the critical outflow of a vapor-liquid flow from a channel with a granular backfill has been created. The values of the mass flow rate of the mixture, the effect of vapor content on the critical flow rate, and the effect of geometric parameters of the granular backfill on the critical mass flow rate are obtained. The calculated data were compared with the experiment, and new data were obtained in a wider range of mass vapor content compared to experimental study.
The experimental and numerical study of the vertical gas movement in the cylindrical channel
Authors: Kudinov I V , Pimenov A A , Mikheeva G V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the vertical gas movement through a layer of liquid (water, molten tin) placed in a cylindrical channel (10 cm diameter) were performed. It was shown that during the gas passage through a single opening (the diameter of 8 mm) its movement at a small flow takes place as single bubbles, whose diameter becomes greater as they move towards the free surface of the liquid. Increase in the diameter at identical gas and liquid temperatures is explained by the decreasing liquid pressure in the upstream direction. If the gas temperature is lower than the liquid temperature, the diameter of bubbles increases also due to gas heating, thus resulting in the increase of its pressure in the bubble. As the gas flow increases, the number of bubbles which then merge into the uniform mass in the upper part of the channel without reducing their diameter, becomes greater. When passing the gas though the diaphragm with a high number of openings (80 openings of 1 mm in diameter), the amount of bubbles becomes higher, however their diameter in the upper part of the channel practically does not increase. When using multiple strainer diaphragms arranged at small distances from each other along the channel height, the diameters of bubbles become considerably reduced, which is connected with their periodic fragmentation when passing through each subsequent strainer. Furthermore, the bubbles get the smallest diameter when they pass through the last strainer, after which the liquid and the gas make a uniform gas and liquid emulsion in the form of a mist. The analysis of the results of air passage thought the molten tin (at a temperature of 300°C) allows concluding on considerable increase in the bubble diameter as compared to the experiments with water, which is explained by gas heating in the bubbles due to a sufficiently high temperature of tin and, as a result, the increase of pressure in them. Experimental studies applicable to small-diameter cylindrical channel (2 cm) were also performed. Their analysis allows concluding about a considerable divergence of the obtained results as compared to the greater diameter channel (10 cm) at the same gas flow. For the small-diameter channel, numerical calculations were also performed (e.g. tin) in a vertical cylindrical channel (reactor) [5 – 8]. The amount of hydrogen obtained at the reactor outlet depends on the intensity of methane heating to the pyrolysis temperature. It is known that methane passes through the molten tin in the form of bubbles, whose diameter increases as they move towards the upper part of the reactor, which is connected with the reduction of upstream pressure of liquid metal as well as the increase of gas pressure in bubbles resulted from its heating. The increase in the bubble diameter makes it heating to the pyrolysis temperature difficult as a result of low heat conductivity of methane. In this regard, measures should be taken to decrease their diameter.
Vortex breakdown in a two-fluid confined flow generated in a cylindrical container
Authors: Sharifullin B. R. , Naumov I. V. , Tsoy M. A. , Shtern V. N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Two-fluid swirling flows are rich in features of fundamental and practical interest. Among them, the most intriguing phenomenon that is important for applications is the formation of local circulation cells (vortex breakdown, VB). Our experimental study explores flows of two immiscible liquids in a sealed vertical cylindrical container driven by the rotating lid. The lid rotation generates the meridional circulation of an adjacent fluid, which serves as a rotating “liquid lid” for the lower fluid. The upper fluid goes from the cylinder axis to the periphery near the lid and back near the interface. This centrifugal circulation tends to propel the circulation in the main-fluid domain – in the lower fluid. As the angular speed of lid rotation increases, vortex breakdown occurs in the lower fluid. Using visualization of the flow and measurement of velocity by PIV method, we reveal common features of the VB development in the lower fluid at different thicknesses of the upper fluid. We show that the range of Reynolds numbers, where VB occurs, might be different depending on the volume of the upper liquid and its kinematic viscosity.
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of bubble evolution at boiling on surfaces with different wettability
Authors: Fedoseev A V , Surtaev A S , Moiseev M I , Ostapchenko A E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The hybrid Lattice Boltzmann method is adopted for a detailed study of surface wettability effects on evolution of vapor bubbles and temperature field of heat exchange surface at boiling. The simulation results show that the bubble departure diameter increases with an increase of static contact angle, and its value normalized by the capillary length approaches 3 for superlyophobic surface. In the range of contact angles of 110° – 129° the size of the dry area bounded by triple contact line greatly increases compared to the bubble departure diameter. At contact angles θ ⩾ 153° the dry area does not shrink even at the bubble departure stage and the typical film boiling regime is observed. It has been shown that the deterioration of wettability affects the evolution of the temperature field beneath the bubble, which leads to a significant change in the local heat transfer rate.
Experimental study of change of average velocity in a drop on crystalization
Authors: Morozov V S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The behavior of convection dynamics during high-temperature heating inside a drop of an aqueous solution of LiBr salt at the moment of crystalline-hydrated crust movement was studied experimentally. To measure the instantaneous velocity fields in the horizontal section of a sedentary drop, the optical PIV method was used. The measurement of convection velocity in a drop through a thick crust of crystalline hydrates did not affect the accuracy of measurements. The maximum average velocity UAv
is equal to 0.39-0.42 mm/s was realized at the initial time. Over 30-35 s the temperature gradient decreases due to heating of the solution by 3.5 times which led to a decrease in UAv
by 3-4 times. After 32 s heat transfer and evaporation enter quasi-stationary mode.
An experimental study of flow condensation with non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of R32/R134a in microchannels
Authors: Shamirzaev A S , Kuznetsov V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper aims at experimental study of heat transfer during flow condensation of a binary mixture of refrigerants R32 and R134a in a microchannel heat exchanger. The experiments were performed in a horizontal microchannel condenser with one-sided cooling. The condenser was based on 20 × 40 mm copper plate containing 21 rectangular microchannels with a section of 335 × 930 μm. The non-azeotropic mixture of R32/R134a refrigerants at molar concentrations of the initial mixture of 35% / 65% and 65% / 35% was used as a working fluid. The experiments were carried out in the mass flow range from 100 to 300 kg/m2 s and with a vapor quality from 0.05 to 1.0 at an absolute pressure in the system of up to 14 bar. The data obtained are compared with the prediction according to Silver – Bell & Ghaly method.
Investigation of pulverized coal flaring based on eddy-resolving turbulence models
Authors: Dekterev A , Kuznetsov V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Calculation studies of the effect of the turbulent flow simulation method on the combustion processes of swirling pulverized coal flow have been performed. A comparative analysis of the results of mathematical modeling with experimental data has shown that the DES and LES methods can correctly resolve the complex vortex structure of a coal torch. It was found that the choice of turbulence simulation method when calculating the combustion of swirling pulverized coal flow has a significant impact on the results of the numerical experiment.