bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety risk SNPs on chromosome 2 modulate arousal in children in a fear generalization paradigm
Authors: Reinhard Julia , Drepper Carsten , Weber Heike , Schiele Miriam A. , Kneer Katharina , Mittermeier Anna , Frey Lillien , Reif Andreas , Pauli Paul , Domschke Katharina , Deckert Jürgen , Romanos Marcel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlterations in fear learning/generalization are considered to be relevant mechanisms engendering the development of anxiety disorders being the most prevalent mental disorders. Although anxiety disorders almost exclusively have their first onset in childhood and adolescence, etiological research focuses on adult individuals. In this study, we evaluated findings of a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in adult anxiety disorders with significant associations of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a large cohort of 347 healthy children (8–12 years) characterized for dimensional anxiety. We investigated the modulation of anxiety parameters by these SNPs in a discriminative fear conditioning and generalization paradigm in the to-date largest sample of children. Results extended findings of the meta-analysis showing a genomic locus on 2p21 to modulate anxious personality traits and arousal ratings. These SNPs might, thus, serve as susceptibility markers for a shared risk across pathological anxiety, presumably mediated by alterations in arousal.
Halfspaces minimise nonlocal perimeter: a proof via calibrations
Authors: Pagliari Valerio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider a nonlocal functional$$J_K$$JKthat may be regarded as a nonlocal version of the total variation. More precisely, for any measurable function$$u:\mathbb {R}^d\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$u:Rd→R, we define$$J_K(u)$$JK(u)as the integral of weighted differences ofu. The weight is encoded by a positive kernelK, possibly singular in the origin. We study the minimisation of this energy under prescribed boundary conditions, and we introduce a notion of calibration suited for this nonlocal problem. Our first result shows that the existence of a calibration is a sufficient condition for a function to be a minimiser. As an application of this criterion, we prove that halfspaces are the unique minimisers of$$J_K$$JKin a ball, provided they are admissible competitors. Finally, we outline how to exploit the optimality of hyperplanes to recover a$$\varGamma $$Γ-convergence result concerning the scaling limit of$$J_K$$JK.
Personal programming and the object computer
Authors: Reenskaug Trygve M. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMy objective is to create an intuitive computer for laypeople who want to go beyond ready-made apps and create programs to control their electronic environment. I submit Loke, a new kind of computer that is a universe of objects and nothing but objects. I call it an object computer. Loke is implemented in Squeak, a variant of Smalltalk, and is an extensible, conceptual model for execution, inspection, and exploration. It was first used to demonstrate how Ellen, a novice, programs a smart alarm clock through a GUI adapted to her competence, needs, and preferences. Informal demonstrations indicated that laypeople immediately grasp the idea of communicating objects that represent real things in their environment. They also wanted to use it for their own purposes. They were creative in identifying personal opportunities for Loke and in sketching out their implementations. Interestingly, expert programmers who attended the demonstration did not see the point of Loke. I have completed the programming of Loke qua conceptual model. The model underpins its potential security and privacy and sustains its object and message models. The Loke qua programming environment is still in its infancy, and its inherent security and privacy properties are still not realized in practice. A future Loke device will be accessible from anywhere and embedded in its own hardware to achieve them. The Loke IDE rests on Data–Context–Interaction (DCI), a new programming paradigm that leads to readable code with a clear architecture. I submit Loke for the pleasure of personal programming.
Exploring reach and experiences of participation in health-promoting senior meetings in a municipality context
Authors: Norberg Eva-Britt , Biberg Elisabeth , Zingmark Magnus 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aim
To explore reach and experiences of participants during implementation of health-promoting meetings of seniors in a Swedish municipality context.

Subjects and methods
A mixed-methods approach was used, including older people who were recruited consecutively and invited to participate as they applied for health care and/or home help services in the municipality. Inclusion criterion was allocation of “early” home-care services, e.g., meals on wheels, safety alarms. Health-care services were limited to persons applying for an outside walker. The intervention was multi-professional, e.g., occupational therapy and physiotherapy. Each session included a mix of short lectures and group discussions about, for example, the importance of engagement in meaningful activity, social contacts, and physical activity. Recruitment procedures were modified during the trial in order to enhance reach. The data collection included information on the flow of participants during recruitment and participation in the intervention, field notes covering the experience of implementing the intervention, a survey covering adherence to recruitment procedures, and qualitative interviews exploring the experience of participants.

Results
Senior meetings were experienced as positive and strengthened the participants in dealing with health-related concerns. The identification of potential participants and recruitment were challenging, but as recruitment procedures were modified, a higher proportion of potential participants were reached. In all, there were 29 participants over the study period.

Conclusion
For health-promoting meetings to enable community-dwelling older people to fulfill their potential by positively affecting health outcomes, recruitment procedures for optimizing reach is a critical feature.
Establishing a Developmentally Appropriate fMRI Paradigm Relevant to Presurgical Mapping of Memory in Children
Authors: Wood Amanda G. , Foley Elaine , Virk Parnpreet , Ruddock Helen , Joshee Paras , Murphy Kelly , Seri Stefano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an established eloquent cortex mapping technique that is now an integral part of the pre-operative work-up in candidates for epilepsy surgery. Emerging evidence in adults with epilepsy suggests that material-specific fMRI paradigms can predict postoperative memory outcomes, however these paradigms are not suitable for children. In pediatric age, the use of memory fMRI paradigms designed for adults is complicated by the effect of developmental stages in cognitive maturation, the impairment experienced by some people with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and the normal representation of memory function during development, which may differ from adults. We present a memory fMRI paradigm designed to activate mesial temporal lobe structures that is brief, independent of reading ability, and therefore a novel candidate for use in children. Data from 33 adults and 19 children (all healthy controls) show that the paradigm captures the expected leftward asymmetry of mesial temporal activation in adults. A more symmetrical pattern was observed in children, consistent with the progressive emergence of hemispheric specialisation across childhood. These data have important implications for the interpretation of presurgical memory fMRI in the pediatric setting. They also highlight the need to carefully consider the impact of cognitive development on fMRI tools used in clinical practice.
Bridging different perspectives for biocultural conservation: art-based participatory research on native maize conservation in two indigenous farming communities in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Rivera López Flor , Wickson Fern , Helen Hausner Vera 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNative maize conservation rests on the custody of traditional and indigenous small-scale farmers, but their traditional practices and way of life are challenged by multiple forces associated with globalization, international trade and neoliberal agricultural policies. Through participatory art-based research with two indigenous communities in Oaxaca, Mexico, we identified the main challenges and strategies for native maize conservation, as perceived by these farming communities. We implemented a stepwise method to elicit local strategies for biocultural conservation pertinent across gender and generations. We conclude that understanding the heterogeneity of perspectives is important for identifying root causes of agrobiodiversity decline and strategies for biocultural native maize conservation.
Effects of hypolimnetic aeration on the quantity and quality of settling material in a eutrophied dimictic lake
Authors: Niemistö Juha , Silvonen Soila , Horppila Jukka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEffects of hypolimnetic aeration (pumping of epilimnetic water into the hypolimnion) on the quantity of settling material in eutrophied Lake Vesijärvi, Finland were studied by comparing spatially comprehensive gross sedimentation rates as dry and organic matter prior to aeration activity and during two aerated years. Possible changes in the organic matter (as loss on ignition, LOI), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and changes in the C/N ratio of the settling material and surface sediment were quantified. Thermal stratification broke up earlier due to aeration and was followed by sedimentation peaks. The absolute amount of dry and organic matter as well as C and N settling to the lake bottom were significantly higher in the aerated years. Increased sedimentation rates were especially pronounced in the deep zones indicating enhanced sediment focusing. Increased sedimentation of C and N reflected higher primary production during the aerated years, which most likely was associated with increased temperature and turbulence and the subsequent regeneration and recycling of nutrients in the water body. Aeration seemed to slightly enhance degradation, but contrary to its ultimate aim, it failed to decrease the phosphorus content of the water column and deposits of organic material in the deep zones of the lake.
Increasing Extrinsic Motivation Improves Time-Based Prospective Memory in Adults with Autism: Relations with Executive Functioning and Mentalizing
Authors: Landsiedel Julia , Williams David M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTime-based prospective memory (PM) is diminished under various task demands in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is still unclear what underpins their impairment or how it could be remediated. This study explored whether instructions to prioritise one element of a PM task over another improved performance in adults with ASD (compared to a group of matched neurotypical adults), and how that is related to cognitive abilities. Results indicated that importance instructions significantly improved the PM performance of participants with ASD. Moreover, the extent of the benefit was associated significantly with objectively-measured executive set-shifting ability and self-reported inhibitory control ability (the poorer the set-shifting/inhibitory control, thegreaterthe benefit). Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Load Balancing in the Presence of Services in Named-Data Networking
Authors: Mansour Dima , Osman Haidar , Tschudin Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLoad balancing is a mechanism to distribute client requests among several service instances. It enables resource utilization, lowers response time, and increases user satisfaction. In Named-Data Networking (NDN) and NDN-like architectures, load balancing becomes crucial when dynamic services are present, where relying solely on forwarding strategies can overload certain service instances while others are underutilized especially with the limited benefit of on-path caching when it comes to services. To understand the challenges and opportunities of load balancing in NDN, we analyze conventional load balancing in IP networks, and three closely related fields in NDN: congestion control, forwarding strategies, and data center management. We identify three possible scenarios for load balancing in NDN: facade load balancer, controller for Interest queues, and router-based load balancing. These different solutions use different metrics to identify the load on replicas, have different compliance levels with NDN, and place the load balancing functionality in different network components. From our findings, we propose and implement a new lightweight router-based load balancing approach called the communicating vessels and experimentally show how it reduces service response time and senses server capabilities without probing.
Simulation of pool boiling of nanofluids by using Eulerian multiphase model
Authors: Kamel Mohammed Saad , Al-agha Mohamed Sobhi , Lezsovits Ferenc , Mahian Omid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present work, a new simulation of nanofluid/vapor two-phase flow inside the 2-D rectangular boiling chamber was numerically investigated. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach used to predict the boiling curve and the interaction between two phases. The surface modification during pool boiling of silica nanofluid represented by surface roughness and wettability is put into the account in this simulation. New closure correlations regarding the nucleation sites density and bubble departure diameter during boiling of silica nanofluid were inserted to extend the boiling model in this work. Besides, the bubble waiting time coefficient which involved in quenching heat flux under heat flux partitioning HFP model was corrected to improve the results of this study. The numerical results validated with experimental works in the literature, and they revealed good agreements for both pure water and nanofluids. The results found that when improving the heat flux partitioning model HFP by considering the surface modification of nucleate pool boiling parameters, it will give more mechanistic sights compared to the classical model, which is used for predicting of boiling heat transfer of pure liquid.
Social Ills in Rich Countries: New Evidence on Levels, Causes, and Mediators
Authors: Delhey Jan , Steckermeier Leonie C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe income inequality hypothesis claims that in rich societies inequality causes a range of health and social problems (henceforth: social ills), e.g. because economic inequality induces feelings of status anxiety and corrodes social cohesion. This paper provides an encompassing test of the income inequality hypothesis by exploring levels and breeding conditions of social ills in 40 affluent countries worldwide, as well as pathways for a subsample of wealthy European countries. Our aggregate-level research is based on a revised and updated Index of Social Ills inspired by Wilkinson and Pickett’s book The Spirit Level, which we compile for both more countries (40) and more years (2000–2015) and combine with survey information about experienced quality-of-life as potential mediators. We get three major results: First, cross-sectionally income inequality is indeed strongly and consistently related to social ills, but so is economic prosperity. Second, while longitudinally changes in inequality do not result in changing levels of social ills, rising prosperity effectively reduces the amount of social ills, at least in Europe. Finally, whereas the cross-sectional analysis indicates that aspects of social cohesion most consistently mediate between economic conditions and social ills, the longitudinal mediation analyses could not ultimately clarify through which pathway rising prosperity reduces social ills. Overall we conclude that the income inequality hypothesis is, at best, too narrow to fully understand health and social problems in rich countries.
Scheelite weathering and tungsten (W) mobility in historical oxidic-sulfidic skarn tailings at Yxsjöberg, Sweden
Authors: Hällström Lina P.B. , Alakangas Lena , Martinsson Olof 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMore knowledge of the geochemical behavior of tungsten (W) and associated contamination risks is needed. Therefore, weathering of scheelite (CaWO4) and secondary sequestration and transport of W to groundwater in historical skarn tailings and surface water downstream of the tailings were studied. The tailings contained 920 mg/kg W, primarily in scheelite. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses were combined to elucidate the geochemical behavior of W in the tailings, and water samples were taken monthly during 2018 to monitor its mobility. In the tailings, a large peak of W was found at 1.5 m depth. There, 30 wt%. of W was present in easily reducible phases, indicating former scheelite weathering. Currently, W is being released from scheelite to water-soluble phases at 2.5 m depth. The release of WO42− is hypothetically attributed to anion exchange with CO32− released from calcite neutralizing acid produced from pyrrhotite oxidation in the upper tailings and transported downwards to pH conditions > 7. Higher concentrations of dissolved W were found in the groundwater and particulate W in downstream surface water than in reference water, but they were lower than current contamination thresholds. Tungsten showed correlations with hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) in both the tailings and surface water.
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) shows significant reduction of thigh muscle stiffness in healthy older adults
Authors: Kennedy Paul , Barnhill Eric , Gray Calum , Brown Colin , van Beek Edwin J.R. , Roberts Neil , Greig Carolyn Anne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDetermining the effect of ageing on thigh muscle stiffness using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and investigate whether fat fraction and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) are related to stiffness. Six healthy older adults in their eighth and ninth decade and eight healthy young men were recruited and underwent a 3 T MRI protocol including MRE and Dixon fat fraction imaging. Muscle stiffness, fat fraction and muscle CSA were calculated in ROIs corresponding to the four quadriceps muscles (i.e. vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus intermedius (VI), rectus femoris (RF)), combined quadriceps, combined hamstrings and adductors and whole thigh. Muscle stiffness was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the older group in all measured ROIs except the VI (p = 0.573) and RF (p = 0.081). Similarly, mean fat fraction was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the older group over all ROIs with the exception of the VI (p = 0.059) and VL muscle groups (p = 0.142). Muscle CSA was significantly reduced in older participants in the VM (p = 0.003) and the combined quadriceps (p = 0.001), hamstrings and adductors (p = 0.008) and whole thigh (p = 0.003). Over the whole thigh, stiffness was significantly negatively correlated with fat fraction (r = − 0.560, p = 0.037) and positively correlated with CSA (r = 0.749, p = 0.002). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age was the most significant predictor of muscle stiffness (p = 0.001). These results suggest that muscle stiffness is significantly decreased in healthy older adults. Muscle fat fraction and muscle CSA are also significantly changed in older adults; however, age is the most significant predictor of muscle stiffness.
Medical oncology management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma 2019: a reality check
Authors: Lee Amy , Lee Fa-Chyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn terms of global cancer-related deaths, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the fourth highest mortality rate. Up until 2017, treatment of advanced HCC was largely limited to sorafenib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with little to no success in the development of alternative treatment options. However, in the past two years, there has been an unprecedented increase in both the number and type of treatment options available for HCC. As of 2019, the US FDA has approved four oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors, two immune checkpoint inhibitors, and one anti-angiogenesis antibody for the treatment of HCC. Even with this new variety, systemic treatment of advanced HCC remains largely unsatisfactory, and the median survival rate stands at approximately one year. The expected breakthrough of using immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced HCC did not materialize in 2019. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in conjunction with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors or anti-angiogenesis medications is the current clinical research trend, the results of which are eagerly anticipated. Despite limited progress in survival, HCC research is currently experiencing a period of growth and innovation, and there is hope for significant advances in the treatment of advanced HCC as the field continues to develop.
Is Revisional Gastric Bypass as Effective as Primary Gastric Bypass for Weight Loss and Improvement of Comorbidities?
Authors: Abdulrazzaq Sama , Elhag Wahiba , El Ansari Walid , Mohammad Amjad Salah , Sargsyan Davit , Bashah Moataz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRevisional gastric bypass (R-RYGB) surgery is utilized for the management of inadequate weight loss or weight regain observed after some cases of bariatric surgeries. Data on the mid-term effectiveness of primary gastric bypass (P-RYGB) compared with R-RYGB (e.g., post sleeve gastrectomy/gastric banding) are controversial.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all patients who received P-RYGB and R-RYGB (January 2011–June 2015) at our center. One hundred twenty patients who underwent P-RYGB and 34 R-RYGB who completed 18 months follow-up were included. We compared the effectiveness of P-RYGB with R-RYGB by assessing four anthropometric, two glycemic, and four lipid parameters, as well as the control of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia (remission, improvement, persistence, relapse, de novo), mortality and complications rates.ResultsA comparison of the effectiveness of P-RYGB with R-RYGB at 18 months revealed no significant differences in patients’ age, gender, and preoperative BMI between groups. However, patients who received P-RYGB had lower mean weight (P= 0.001) and BMI (P< 0.001), reflected by a higher mean delta BMI (P= 0.02), total weight loss percentage (TWL%) (P< 0.0001) and excess weight loss percentage (EWL%) (P< 0.0001). No differences in glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, control of T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were observed. No death is reported and complication rates were comparable.ConclusionsAlthough R-RYGB effectively addressed inadequate weight loss, weight regain, and recurrence of comorbidities after restrictive bariatric surgery, R-RYGB resulted in inferior weight loss compared with P-RYGB. Neither procedure differed in their clinical control of T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Both procedures exhibited comparable complication rates.