bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LoRaWAN applications - “Leonardo tasting LoRaWINE”
Authors: Maksimova R , Kolev K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents main and specific points of application of LoRaWAN IoT technology as a new idea for the realization of projects in various smart technological systems. In the course of implementing such a task, information technologies like - LoRaWAN, TTN and Python with the kind assistance of a framework for building a real-time wine monitoring web application were used. An example dashboard for monitoring of Food Technology processes was developed and provided using a specially assembled end node with appropriate sensors for the subject’s needs. A block diagram of an Internet of Things (IoT) network including The Things Network is presented. A diagram of the end node is synthesized. A flowchart diagram of the dashboard’s code is suggested. Different program structures for LoRaWAN applications are built in contrast of ready integrations.
Clearance speed study for intergreen time determination
Authors: Saliev D N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Intergreen is the period between ends of a green period of one phase and the beginning of a green period of the next phase at signalized intersections. Its determination requires data which are in relation of geometrical parameters of junctions and that of dynamic parameters of the entering in and passing through the crossroads vehicles. One of them is clearance speed of a last passing vehicle of a phase which is necessary to calculate its clearance time. The present study aims to determine values of clearance speed for straight ahead and turning vehicles and find a relations between them and curves radii, slope of the road etc. The study use field data bring at three traffic lights junctions in Sofia city. The obtained results and the conclusions reached would be used in intergreen time determination for phasing design optimization at these junction and the other one in the same condition includes clearance distance and curves radii of turning flows.
Black box/white box hybrid method for virtual prototyping validation of multiphysics simulations and testing
Authors: Todorov G D , Kamberov K H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A hybrid method has been developed to predict the level of confidence in the results of multiphysical behavioural simulations of the object by virtue of virtual prototyping (VP) together with physical PP testing based on the stage of the virtual prototyping process and feedback from physical parameters tests. The method is based on a three approaches to assessing the reliability of the results of virtual prototypes - initial - for verification of boundary conditions, intermediate - to improve the accuracy of the results obtained and final -to validate the obtained results. A new method has been developed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of Virtual Prototyping called “WHITE BOX / BLACK BOX” for the study of complex objects by applying VP as a “white box” and VP as a “black box” in iterative connectivity to achieve fine calibration of VP. The novelty of the method lies in the iterative connectivity of the VP and the PP, and in particular the calibration of the VP by feedback from PP data via a micro-cycle. The “WHITE BOX / BLACK BOX” method and the three approaches to verifying and validating VP have been demonstrated in three successfully completed projects with international industrial partners used as demonstration test cases.
Martensitic transformations in Fe-Mn alloy with low stacking fault energy
Authors: Parshorov S , Valkov S , Petrov P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Object of investigation is highly alloyed binary Fe-Mn alloys which in austenitic state are characterized with different stacking fault energy (SFE). Experimental results using the internal friction and X-Ray methods are obtained for the martensitic non isothermal transformation upon cooling and heating. It was determined that mainly the structural characteristics of the alloys define the type of the possible transformation mechanisms and the products of the martensitic reaction. The role of the SFE for the mechanisms of formation and growth of the martensite phase and the relation between the micro-structural parameters of the solid solution and the mechanism of non isothermal martensitic transformations is shown. On the basis of the existing models of dynamic relaxation associated with phase transformations, here are pivotal conclusions about the characteristics of the non-diffusion mechanism of transformation into a low SFE.
Sorption characteristics of Bulgarian Einkorn flakes
Authors: Bogoeva A L , Durakova A G , Toshkov N G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current scientific research is focused on the Einkorn flakes of Bulgarian origin. The aim is to determine their moisture adsorption and desorption isotherms. The flakes are obtained of milling Einkorn grains with a reconstructed mill roll. The applied pressure was between 200 and 280 tons. The experimental database of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) are determined at three different temperatures – 10°C, 25°C and 40°C through the standard static gravimetric method in the compulsory presence of water activity within the range from 0.1 to 0.9. The obtained adsorption and desorption isotherms have anS-shape profile i.e. they are from the IIndclass typical of the majority of food products. The results confirm a regularity that the sorption capacity decreases with increasing of the temperature in the presence of constant water activity which is valid for the both processes. The mathematical three-parametric modified models of Chung–Pfost, Oswin, Halsey and Henderson are evaluated for the description of the obtained sorption data. The monolayer moisture content (MMC) of Einkorn flakes is calculated through the linearization of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation. The values varied from 3.26% to 4.92%.
Impact of atmospheric corrosion on the mechanical properties of B235 steel rods
Authors: Tsonev Veselin , Nikolov Nikolay , Penkov Kamen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is well known that atmospheric corrosion greatly affects the stress-strain properties of reinforcing steel. To be able to assess and forecast the remaining service life of constructions which have been subjected to atmospheric corrosion, it is necessary to have good knowledge of this effect. Research is often complicated to do due to the lack of accurate information on the initial dimensions of the steel parts and the properties of the material of which those parts are made. In this paper an attempt is made to overcome this obstacle. Reinforcing steel rods are tested. Those rods have been subjected to natural atmospheric conditions in a temperate climate zone for 25 years, in vertical orientation. To determine the initial stress-percentage extension curve of those rods test pieces have been made by machining on a lathe – to remove the corrosion layer and to set a standard diameter. The chemical composition and the density of the material are determined by appropriate experiments. The yield strength, the ultimate strength, the percentage elongation after fracture are determined by standard tensile testing. To determine the final stress-percentage extension curve, tensile tests are carried out with the corroded rods without any treatment. A comparison of both curves and analysis of the atmospheric corrosion effect on the stress-strain behavior is made.
Business communities - a factor of industry and bioeconomy development
Authors: Mihova T B , Alexieva V N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The population of Europe and the world is constantly growing, and so is its need for more food. This leads to rapid depletion of natural resources, and environmental impacts and related climate change challenges are increasing.It is therefore essential to move to a new way of economic growth that is compatible with the protection of the environment and the sustainable use of scarce natural resources, while guaranteeing a much higher standard of living reducing poverty. The bioeconomy strategy and its action plan become the basis for a more innovative, efficient and competitive society that combines food security, sustainable use of renewable industrial resources and environmental protection.In recent years, the role of business associations has increased significantly, in connection with the rapidly changing business environment of ever-increasing corporate competition.The authors aim to reveal the goals of these business communities and the means to achieve them.The report outlines the specific results of the team’s own study of the competitive advantages of industrial enterprises created by business associations.
Application of Management Innovations in the Bulgarian Wine Industry
Authors: Pastarmadzhieva D , Angelova M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The innovations are of crucial importance for the contemporary business development. Management innovation is one of the groups of innovations that can be applied and according to the scholars it has the potential to enhance the competitiveness of the enterprise. As the wine industry is a key sector of the Bulgarian economy, it is essential for the wine producers to select a relevant type of innovations for their enterprise. Thus, the aim of the current study is to identify if the Bulgarian wine producers are ready to implement management innovations and if this decision is associated to some factors. The object of the study is Bulgarian SMEs wine producers. The focus is their activity, regarding the management innovations. The results are obtained through an online survey, conducted from December 2019 to January 2020. The results show that the priorities of Bulgarian wine producers are the management innovations, related to processes and resources, the employees and the knowledge.
Evaluating spectral overlap with the degree of quenching in UCP luminescence energy transfer systems
Authors: Burgess Letitia , Wilson Hannah , Jones Alex R , Hay Sam , Natrajan Louise S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of organic based fluorophores has been firmly established as a key tool in the biological sciences, with many biological-sensing methods taking advantage of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between different fluorescent organic based dyes following one photon excitation. Nevertheless, the employment of UV-visible absorbing dyes as fluorescent tags and markers typically suffer from several drawbacks including relatively high energy of excitation wavelength, photobleaching and competitive autofluorescence, which often limits their effectiveness and longevity both in vitro and in vivo. As an alternative, lanthanide doped upconverting phosphors (UCP) have emerged as a new class of materials for use in optical imaging and RET sensing; they exhibit high photo- and chemical stability and utilise near infrared excitation. Approaches to sensing a given analyte target employing upconverting phosphors can be achieved by engineering the UCP to operate analogously to fluorescent dyes via Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) and such systems are now becoming central to optically sensing low concentrations of biologically important species and performing distance measurements. Similarly to FRET, the LRET process is distance dependent and requires spectral overlap between the absorption of the acceptor luminophore and the emission of the donor moiety, yet essential measures of the relationship between spectral overlap and the degree of quenching have not yet been established. To address this, we have investigated the Stern-Volmer relationship for a set of six commonly functionalised organic dyes and seven biomolecules that contain key chromophoric co-factors with Gd2SO4:Yb:Er (PTIR545) and Gd2SO4:Yb:Tm (PTIR475) UCPs under low power nIR excitation, and found that for the organic dyes a linear relationship between spectral overlap and degree of quenching is observed. However, this linear relationship is observed to break down for all the biomolecules investigated.
Use of Electronic Cigarettes to Aid Long-Term Smoking Cessation in the United States: Prospective Evidence From the PATH Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Ruifeng , Pierce John P , Leas Eric C , White Martha M , Kealey Sheila , Strong David R , Trinidad Dennis R , Benmarhnia Tarik , Messer Karen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the preferred smoking-cessation aid in the United States; however, there is little evidence regarding long-term effectiveness among those who use them. We used the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study to compare long-term abstinence between matched US smokers who tried to quit with and without use of e-cigarettes as a cessation aid. We identified a nationally representative cohort of 2,535 adult US smokers in 2014–2015 (baseline assessment), who, in 2015–2016 (exposure assessment), reported a past-year attempt to quit and the cessation aids used, and reported smoking status in 2016–2017 (outcome assessment; self-reported ≥12 months continuous abstinence). We used propensity-score methods to match each e-cigarette user with similar nonusers. Among US smokers who used e-cigarettes to help quit, 12.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.1%, 16.7%) successfully attained long-term abstinence. However, there was no difference compared with matched non–e-cigarette users (cigarette abstinence difference: 2%; 95% CI: −3%, 7%). Furthermore, fewer e-cigarette users were abstinent from nicotine products in the long term (nicotine abstinence difference: −4%; 95% CI: −7%, −1%); approximately two-thirds of e-cigarette users who successfully quit smoking continued to use e-cigarettes. These results suggest e-cigarettes may not be an effective cessation aid for adult smokers and, instead, may contribute to continuing nicotine dependence.
A Clinical Prediction Model of Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients in a Chinese Community Hospital in Beijing
Authors: Gao Wenjuan , Liu Hong , Ge Caiying , Liu Xinying , Jia Hongyan , Wu Hao , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hypertension remains a global health problem. Since, there is a significant positive correlation between antihypertensive medication adherence and blood pressure control, it is therefore of great importance to elucidate the determinants of adherence to antihypertensive medications among hypertensive patients.

METHODS
Hereby, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of a hypertensive cohort recruited from a community hospital in Beijing, China, to investigate the factors affecting adherence to antihypertensive medications using decision trees. In addition, all data were assigned into a training set (75%) and testing set (25%) by the random number seed method to build and validate a compliance predictive model. We identified that how many times patients became nonadherent to antihypertensive medications in the year before the first prescription, types of antihypertensive drugs used in the year before the first prescription, body weight, smoking history, total number of hospital visits in the past year, total number of days of medication use in the year before enrollment, age, total number of outpatient follow-ups in the year after the first prescription, and concurrent diabetes greatly affected the compliance to antihypertensive medications.

RESULTS
The compliance predictive model we built showed a 0.78 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity for the prediction of the compliance to antihypertensive medications, with an area under the representative operating characteristics curve of 0.810.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data provide new insights into the improvements of the compliance to antihypertensive medications, which is beneficial for the management of hypertension, and the compliance predictive model may be used in community-based hypertension management.
Jurisdiction and admissibility: a case study
Authors: Obamuroh Tolu O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Arbitrators cannot decide cases if they do not have jurisdiction. For this reason, a challenge to jurisdiction may prompt judicial intervention. Most national courts, however, limit their intervention to question of jurisdiction and do not interfere in the arbitral process if the objection is merely one of admissibility. The distinction between jurisdiction and admissibility is a valuable tool for differentiating when judicial intervention is appropriate and when it is not. The problem is that some national courts generally conflate the concept of jurisdiction, which may properly be the basis for such intervention, with admissibility issues, which should be referred to the tribunal to decide. As a case study, this article focuses on the conflation by Nigerian courts leading to an overly expansive allocation of authority to courts to make initial rulings, which in turn is abused by parties and undermines the efficiency of arbitration in Nigeria.
To address the problem, this article proposes that Nigerian courts adopt the distinction between jurisdictional and admissibility objections in international arbitration. This distinction, while not perfect, can promote efficacy in arbitration seated in Nigeria. Adopting the distinction between admissibility and jurisdiction will enable Nigerian courts to exercise greater restraint in cases that do not go to the root of courts’ authority and promote outcomes that are more coherent and more consistent with their obligations under the New York Convention and Model Law.
XIV—Two Puzzles in The Early Christian Constitution Of The Self: Reflections on Agency in Foucault’s Interpretation of Cassian
Authors: Han-Pile Béatrice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractI tease out two early Christian puzzles about agency: (a) agential control: how can agents self-constitute if their primary experience of themselves is not one of control, as in Greek antiquity, but of relative powerlessness? And (b) ethical expertise: how can agents constitute themselves as ethical agents if they cannot trust themselves to recognize, and act in the light of, the good? I argue, first, that Foucault saw the importance of these puzzles and focused on extreme obedience as affording a possible resolution; second, that he failed to resolve the puzzles because of his reliance on an overly voluntarist and reflective understanding of obedience as an exercise of will; and finally, that turning to Cassian’s own thoughts on the relation between extreme obedience and humility as kenosis affords us a way out of the puzzles.
Endometrial Organoids: A New Model for the Research of Endometrial-Related Diseases†
Authors: Gu Zhi-Yue , Jia Shuang-Zheng , Liu Song , Leng Jin-Hua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An ideal research model plays a vital role in studying the pathogenesis of a disease. At present, the most widely used endometrial disease models are cell lines and animal models. As a novel studying model, organoids have already been applied for the study of various diseases, such as disorders related to the liver, small intestine, colon, and pancreas, and have been extended to the endometrium. After a long period of exploration by predecessors, endometrial organoids (EOs) technology has gradually matured and maintained genetic and phenotypic stability after long-term expansion. Compared with cell lines and animal models, EOs have high stability and patient specificity. These not only effectively and veritably reflects the pathophysiology of a disease, but also can be used in preclinical drug screening, combined with patient derived xenografts (PDXs). Indeed, there are still many limitations for EOs. For example, the co-culture system of EOs with stromal cells, immune cell, or vascular cells is not mature, and endometrial cancer organoids have a lower success rate, which should be improved in the future. The investigators predict that EOs will play a significant role in the study of endometrium-related diseases.
Fibrinogen alpha chain promotes the migration and invasion of human endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis through focal adhesion kinase/protein kinase B/matrix metallopeptidase 2 pathway†
Authors: Li Hui , Ma Rui-Qiong , Cheng Hong-Yan , Ye Xue , Zhu Hong-Lan , Chang Xiao-Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), a cell adhesion molecule, contains two arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) cell adhesion sequences. Our previous study demonstrated that FGA, as an up-regulated protein in endometriosis (EM), was closely related to disease severity and involved in the development of EM. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanism of FGA in EM have not been fully understood. To explore the roles of FGA in EM, we analyzed the effects of FGA on the biological behaviors of human primary eutopic endometrial stromal cells (EuESC). The results indicated FGA knockdown suppressed the migration and invasion ability of EuESC, which also altered the distribution of cytoskeletal filamentous and cell morphology. Western blot analysis demonstrated that knockdown of FGA attenuated the migration-related protein levels of vimentin and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2), but not integrin subunit alpha V (ITGAV) and integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3). Meanwhile, integrin-linked transduction pathways were detected. We found FGA knockdown significantly suppressed the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) level and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation, without extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) dependent pathways. Treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK2206 or RGD antagonist highly decreased the effects of FGA on the migration and invasion of EuESC. RGD antagonist treatment strongly inhibited FAK- and AKT-dependent pathways, but not ERK pathways. Our data indicated that FGA may enhance the migration and invasion of EuESC through RGD sequences binding integrin and activating the FAK/AKT/MMP-2 signaling pathway. This novel finding suggests that FGA may provide a novel potential approach to the treatment of EM, which provides a new way to understand the pathogenesis of EM.
Beyond Carrot and Stick: The Effect of Conflict Resolution on Crime Control in China
Authors: Su Zheng , Cao Xun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe question of what works in crime control has been frequently discussed over the past few decades. However, knowledge about and evidence from China is limited. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of three strategies of crime control—the ‘stick policy’, the ‘carrot policy’ and conflict resolution—in China, using a provincial panel data from 1988 to 2014. The results suggest that (1) the ‘carrot policy’ with social welfare provision helps to prevent crime, while the ‘stick policy’ with increasing judicial expenditure does not have a significant effect; (2) conflict resolution functions as an effective strategy of crime control. The policy implication is that, to prevent crime and maintain social order in a transitional society like China, government might need to shift its policy orientation away from strengthening coercive power to focussing on improving people’s livelihood and facilitating conflict resolution.