bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managerial Reliance on the Retail Shareholder Vote: Evidence from Proxy Delivery Methods
Authors: Lee Choonsik , Souther Matthew E. 
Published: October 2019

Recent studies document the increasing effectiveness of shareholder voting as a monitoring mechanism. Because both directors and the market respond to shareholder votes, management has stronger incentives to influence voting outcomes. We identify one channel through which management can affect voting outcomes: increasing the turnout of (typically management-friendly) retail shareholders. Our study focuses on an observable managerial choice of how to deliver proxy materials to maximize retail turnout. Management can opt to send a full set of proxy materials to all shareholders, which increases retail turnout but also increases printing and mailing costs, or they can send a notice directing shareholders to proxy materials available online, which reduces costs but also decreases retail turnout. We find that managers are more likely to choose to deliver a full set of proxy materials when there are contentious items on the ballot for which they need additional voting support; and, indeed, the resulting support increases the likelihood that voting outcomes will align with management recommendations. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
PRIMER REGISTRO DE PICHE LLORÓN (Chaetophractus vellerosus) PARA EL SUR DE LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA FE, ARGENTINA
Authors: Montani María Eugenia , Romano Marcelo C. , Barberis Ignacio M. 
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se presenta el primer registro de piche llorón Chaetophractus vellerosus (Cingulata, Dasypodidae) para el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe. Hasta el momento, los registros existentes para esta especie de armadillo comprendían un registro fósil y tres actuales para el norte de la provincia, no existiendo datos para la región sur. En junio de 2018, utilizando trampas tipo Tomahawk, se lograron capturar dos ejemplares (macho y hembra) de piche llorón en dos lotes de la Estancia ‘Santa Marta’, ubicada a unos 3 km al sur de la localidad de Christophersen. Existiendo dos poblaciones disyuntas para Argentina, una ubicada al norte-centro del país y la otra al este de la Región Pampeana, este nuevo registro constituye el primero para la Región Pampeana de la provincia de Santa Fe. Si bien coincide con las predicciones del área de distribución ya propuesta, extendería levemente la distribución de la población del norte-centro. La escasez de registros de esta especie para la provincia, dan cuenta de la necesidad de trabajos de campo que estudien la fauna local en una provincia donde más del 80% de los ambientes naturales se han perdido y transformado en agrícolas.
Fabrication of polyimide films with imaging quality using a spin-coating method for potential optical applications
Authors: Mao Danbo , Lv Gang , Gao Guohan , Fan Bin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Optical polyimide (PI) films were prepared by spin-coating from nearly non-volatile dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solutions. The uniformity of film thickness met the requirements of diffraction imaging quality. The results show that the final rotating speed ω, dynamic viscosity η, and initial polymer solid concentration c are the main factors affecting the film thickness T, and an empirical relationship which describes the film thickness as a function of the measured parameters was established to be

T
∝

c

3.473

,

η

0.586

,

ω

−
0.811

.

$T \propto {c^{3.473}},{\rm{ }}{\eta ^{0.586}},{\rm{ }}{\omega ^{ - 0.811}}.$

Moreover, the viscosity dependence on concentration is system specific. Unlike traditional photoresist, the thickness uniformity of the PI film is determined by both spinning and precure process, which is intensively discussed in the present work. Uniform, 22-μm thick, PI films with transmitted wavefronts peak to valley (PV) ≤ 1/5 λ and root mean square (RMS) ≤ 1/50 λ were prepared under the optimum process: spin speed 900 rpm, initial fluid viscosity 10,500 cp, final spin time 120 s, precure temperature 70°C, spin process repeated 3 times. The results will find use in the production of optical quality membrane for ultra-lightweight optics or other applications.
Unsteady Laminar Natural Convection from a Non-Isothermal Vertical Cone
Authors: Pullepu B. , Ekambavanan E. , Chamkha A. J. J. 
Published: October 2019

Natural convection effects of the numerical solution for unsteady, laminar, free convection flow over an incompressible viscous fluid past a non-isothermal vertical cone with surface temperature T′w(x) = T′∞ + axn varying as power function of distance from the apex (x = 0) is presented here. The dimensionless governing equations of the flow that are unsteady, coupled and non-linear partial differential equations are solved by an efficient, accurate and unconditionally stable finite difference scheme of Crank-Nicolson type. The velocity and temperature fields have been studied for various parameters Prandtl number, semi vertical angle 0◦ < φ < 90◦ and n. The local as well as average skin-friction and Nusselt number are also presented and analyzed graphically. The present results are compared with available results in literature and are found to be in good agreement.
Radiative Heat Transfer Flow of Micropolar Fluid with Variable Heat Flux in a Porous Medium
Authors: Rahman M. M. M. , Sultana T. 
Published: October 2019

A two-dimensional steady convective flow of a micropolar fluid past a vertical porous flat plate in the presence of radiation with variable heat flux has been analyzed numerically. Using Darcy-Forchheimer model the corresponding momentum, microrotation and energy equations have been solved numerically. The local similarity solutions for the flow, microrotation and heat transfer characteristics are illustrated graphically for various material parameters. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the local skin friction coefficient, plate couple stress and the heat transfer are also calculated. It was shown that large Darcy parameter leads to decrease the velocity while it increases the angular velocity as well as temperature of the micropolar fluids. The rate of heat transfer in weakly concentrated micropolar fluids is higher than strongly concentrated micropolar fluids.
Stokes' Problems for an Incompressible Couple Stress Fluid
Authors: Devakar M. , Iyengar T. K. V. K. V. 
Published: October 2019

Stokes’ first and second problems for an incompressible couple stress fluid are considered under isothermal conditions. The problems are solved through the use of Laplace transform technique. Inversion of the Laplace transform of the velocity component in each case is carried out using a standard numerical approach. Velocity profiles are plotted and studied for different times and different values of couple stress Reynolds number. The results are presented through graphs in each case.
On the Dynamics of Controlled Magnetohydrodynamic Systems
Authors: Ravindran S. S. S. 
Published: October 2019

In this paper we study the long time behavior of solutions for an optimal control problem associated with the viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid modeled by the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in a bounded two dimensional domain through the adjustment of distributed controls. We first construct a quasi-optimal solution for the MHD systems which possesses exponential decay in time. We then derive some preliminary estimates for the long-time behavior of all admissible solutions of the MHD systems. Next we prove the existence of a solution for the optimal control problem for both finite and infinite time intervals. Finally, we establish the long-time decay properties of the solutions for the optimal control problem.
The mechanism of adaptation of the organism of patients with chronic heart failure combined with vitamin D deficiency and the morphofunctional state of peripheral blood erythrocytes
Authors: Baryla N. I. , Vakaliuk I. P. , Pоpеl’ S. L. 
Published: October 2019

The problem of structural changes in peripheral blood erythrocytes in patients with chronic heart failure in combination with vitamin D deficiency during exercise stress remains insufficiently studied. Vitamin receptors are located on smooth myocytes, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and blood cells. It affects the state of the cell membrane, the contractile function of the myocardium, the regulation of blood pressure, cardiac remodeling and reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, it is important to assess the level of vitamin D in blood plasma in individuals with chronic heart failure and to identify the effect of its deficiency on the state of peripheral red blood cells when performing a 6-minute walk test. A total of 75 patients of the main group with chronic heart failure stage II A, I–II functional class with different levels of vitamin D deficiency were examined. The control group included 25 patients with chronic heart failure stage II A, functional class I–II without signs of vitamin D deficiency. The average age of patients was 57.5 ± 7.5 years. All patients were asked to undergo the 6 minutes walking test. The level of total vitamin D in plasma was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Morphological studies of erythrocytes were performed on the light-optical and electron-microscopic level. The obtained results showed that patients of the main group with chronic heart failure had a decrease in vitamin D by 2.2 times compared with the control group. Correlation analysis showed a directly proportional relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the number of red blood cells of a modified form and red blood cells with low osmotic resistance. Dosed exercise stress in patients with chronic heart failure against a background of vitamin D deficiency leads to an increase in the number of reversibly and irreversibly deformed erythrocytes and a decrease in their osmotic stability. This indicates a disorder in the structural integrity of their membrane and can have negative consequences for the somatic health of such patients.
Gender and Victimization in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing
Authors: Pina Arrabal Álvaro 
Published: October 2019

Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing (1972), a contemporary classic nowadays, has raised the interest of all kinds of critics. Some of the most remarkable elements in the novel concern feminism, a movement with which the Canadian author has been highly committed. This paper deals with two specific aspects in Atwood’s work in relation to the aforementioned critical approach: gender and victimization. A thorough reading of the novel is thus done in order to detect and subsequently dissect the main instances of both aspects. Special attention is paid to female characters (Anna and the unnamed protagonist), hypersexualized and victimized in the patriarchal microcosms rendered in the story.
Keywords: Atwood, feminism, gender, victimization, hypersexualization, patriarchy
The Strange Case of Teaching English Through the Gothic Novel
Authors: Maggi Simona 
Published: October 2019

In this article I endeavour to encourage teachers of Secondary Education to use English literature in their English language lessons. Indeed, literature provides a huge amount of authentic reading materials, making the students practise extensive as well as intensive reading, which is crucial for the foreign language acquisition. Moreover, it is an enormous source of motivation, allowing students to give free rein to their imagination and enjoy their English lessons. The election of gothic fiction is linked to this latter purpose: the 19th gothic genre is generally well accepted by adolescents as it represents a way to reflect on themselves through a journey to “self-revelation”. The double personality/identity-theme of R. L. Stevenson’s novel The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde fits well into their interests and their quest for self-knowledge. It offers them the chance to process what they are going through in this often unstable stage of their journey into adulthood by trying to figure out their place in the world.

Keywords: Reading skill, Literature in ELT, Gothic fiction, R. L. Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Double identity
Lear and Quijote, two wanderers on uneven paths
Authors: Relvas Maria de Jesus Crespo 
Published: October 2019

King Lear of Britain and Don Quijote de la Mancha, both old and frail, are dwellers of two very different worlds and eras. The ways they were devised and shaped by William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes generate nonetheless diverse similarities that emphatically expose crucial traits of the human nature.
The meaningful, more obvious dichotomies in the texts – such as Reality/Fantasy, Sight/Blindness, Truth/Falsehood, Loyalty/Treachery – frame the complexity of the protagonists and are metaphors of their antithetical features. On the other hand, their alienation, misapprehension and distortion of the surrounding realities turn them into wanderers on uneven, problematic paths, while their frail physical condition discloses a surface layer that encapsulates assertive individuals.
This essay approaches Shakespeare’s and Cervantes’ texts by focusing on such aspects, as well as on the respective contextualisation. Each work constitutes a challenging exemplum of a unique, proficuous broad age that wisely amalgamated the old and the new: amidst a multitude of cultural traditions, King Lear primarily embodies the expansion of Tragedy, while Don Quijote de la Mancha primarily materialises the transition to a new stage of Modernity.
Keywords: Lear; Quijote; dichotomies; alienation; tradition; innovation
Young Bilingual Children’s Spelling Strategies: A Comparative Study of 6- to 7-Year-Old Bilinguals and Monolinguals
Authors: Guimaraes Sofia , Parkins Eric 
Published: October 2019

Developing literacy in two languages can be challenging for young bilingual children. This longitudinal study investigates the effects of bilingualism in the spelling strategies of English-Portuguese speaking children. A total of 88 six-to-seven-year-old bilinguals and monolinguals were followed during one academic year and data gathered on a range of verbal and written language skills and non-verbal measures while controlling for SES. For both bilinguals and monolinguals letter knowledge, phonological awareness and word concept were significant predictors of spelling. However, non-verbal reasoning played an increasing role in explaining spelling variance for bilinguals, suggesting that learning to spell in two alphabetic languages places more demands on non-verbal processing skills. Spelling error analyses further revealed that bilinguals when compared to monolinguals showed more reliance on phonological strategies, less compliance with the L1 orthographic system and at times transference from L2. The results suggest important implications for our understanding of spelling acquisition and the development of effective intervention practices for bilingual children.
Prospects for Expanding the Subject of Penal Law
Authors: Yuzhanin V. Е. 
Published: October 2019

The paper notes that the issue of the independence of penal law as a branch is not relevant; still the issue on the subject of this branch of law, which is understood in a narrow (classical) and broad senses, remains acute. The classical definition of the subject consists of social relations arising in the execution of all punishments, and now other measures of a criminal law nature. Currently, scientists are increasingly talking about the need to expand the subject of penal law due to the inclusion of public relations in the execution of measures of restraint in form of detention and house arrest; assistance in social adaptation of the persons released from serving of punishment and other measures of criminal legal character; and when applying the non-punitive means of influence on prisoners.The author does not agree that the penal law should regulate only punishments and other measures of a criminal legal nature, which are a form of realization of criminal responsibility. In this regard, compulsory medical measures, confiscation of property and a court fine cannot be considered as such. If we consider criminal responsibility in a broad sense — as having a coercive rather than punitive character, then all measures of a criminal nature should be covered by it and be the subject of this branch of law. Penal law is not penal executive law but penal law.The paper notes that not legally, but practically, the execution of detention and house arrest is included in the subject of penal law, as they are executed by institutions and bodies of the Federal Enforcement Service and are included in the course of penal law at the Russian Federal Enforcement Service universities. The author of the paper admits that these preventive measures may be the subject of penal law, which, as in relation to criminal law, is the executive branch in relation to criminal procedure law.Many scholars believe that post-penitentiary relations are the subject of penal law. Agreeing with them, the author of the paper believes that in this case it is necessary to provide for the purpose of penal legislation — the resocialization of convicts, which includes correction, preparation of convicts for release and their social adaptation after release from punishment. As an example, the author refers to the regulation of such relations in the Penal Code of the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine.Thus, the subject of penal law should be the criminal executive social relations that develop in the implementation of compulsory institutions of criminal and criminal procedure law, having an executive direction.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome in a woman with hepatic cyrrhosis
Authors: Chuchalin A. G. , Mirtskhulava N. G. , Dremov D. V. , Panasenkova Yu. S. 
Published: October 2019

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in a severe complication of advanced hepatic diseases. IHPS comprises the following triad of signs: 1) hepatic disease, 2) pulmonary vessels dilation, 3) hypoxemia without cardiorespiratory diseases. Clinical manifestations of HPS are cyanosis, finger clubbing, and platypnoea under the hepatic cyrrhosis. A clinical case of HPS in young woman with hepatic cyrrhosis is described in this article. HPS was resolved after the orthotopic liver transplantation.
African experience of hysterosalpingography abnormalities tubes management by laparoscopy in infertile women
Authors: Fanny Mohamed , Aka Edele , Konan Perel , Olou Luc , Koffi Abdoul K. , Adjoussou Stephane , Seni Konan , Horo Apollinaire , Kone Mamourou 
Published: October 2019

Background: Infertility affects about 80 million people worldwide and one in ten couples. The objective of this study was to report our experience of the contribution of laparoscopy in the diagnostic and prognostic approach of fallopian tubes pathology in infertile women in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in the Gynecology and Obstetrics unit of Yopougon Teaching Hospital over a 2-year period (January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018) which included 49 cases of tubo-peritoneal infertility diagnosed by hysterosalpingography (HSG) then laparoscopy procedure.Results: The average age was 33 years old. 30.6 % were single. 75% had secondary infertility. 59.2% had a medical history of abortion. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and pelvic surgery accounted 84.2% and 49 respectively. Laparoscopy showed a predominance of distal tubal damage (66.6%) whose 47% hydrosalpinx. Bilateral tubal patency was demonstrated in 77.5% of our patients during laparoscopy procedure. We observed a sensitivity, a specificity, and a concordance laparoscopy / HSG of 63.6%, 80% 63.1% respectively. Laparoscopy also allowed therapeutic procedures such as adhesiolysis or tubal plasty in 22 patients (44.89% of our cases). At the end of laparoscopy procedure, 35 patients (71.42%) were turned towards IVF.Conclusions: Laparoscopy allows an assessment of tubal abnormalities revealed by hysterosalpingography and the fertility prognostic as well as better therapeutic approach in management of tubal infertility.
Autoamputation of the ovary: a rare consequence of torsion in a mature cystic teratoma
Authors: Shah Nitin H. , Joshi Aditi V. , Pilankar Amit , Pilankar Shweta 
Published: October 2019

Autoamputation of the ovary may be a result of longstanding infarction resulting from torsion of the ovarian pedicle. This entity may be confused with an ectopic or supernumerary ovary. A proper detailed history taking is important to provide clues for diagnosis. We report a case of a young female patient diagnosed with autoamputation of unilateral ovary on laparoscopy, with histopathology confirmation of ovary with dermoid cyst.
Navigating through the maze of caesarean myomectomy: generating evidence
Authors: Khan Fouzia Zahid A. , Itua Imose 
Published: October 2019

Management of myomas during pregnancy and labor is a contested subject so far. Currently no recommended national or international guidelines are in place resulting in conflicted opinion and management variation across the globe. Many obstetricians still discourage its practice due to fear of uncontrolled haemorrhage which may lead to unwanted hysterectomy in a reproductive age. However, some researchers have challenged the conventional perspective and argue that caesarean myomectomy (CM) is a safe procedure. The aim of this study is to examine all aspects of CM with an evaluative lens and to weigh its risk-benefit ratio. For this purpose, we conducted a literature review of studies, including those from low-resource countries indexed in scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. Most recent articles that reported benefits, complications and different techniques to safely perform caesarean myomectomy with proven benefit for the patient were examined thoroughly so that solid evidence on pros and cons of caesarean myomectomy could be generated. There is a dire need to conduct large sample size studies or randomized controlled trials for the risk-benefit evaluation of CM and to produce evidence-based clinical conclusion.
Integrating physician’s and patient’s interest before judging the efficiency of a diagnostic test
Authors: Shanmugam Ram 
Published: October 2019

Background: Customarily, physicians utilize an efficient diagnostic test before confirming the illness to start a treatment procedure. In this process, physician’s seeks maximum possible sensitivity and specificity. On the contrary, patient wants maximum attainable positive and negative predictive values. A duality exists between both vital patient’s and physician’s interest and it helps to judge whether a diagnostic is superior.Methods: This article integrates physician’s and patient’s interest in a novel manner to judge a diagnostic test is efficient. This approach is seen to be optimal, according to illustrations.Results: The results based on expressions of this article in data on rotavirus, mammogram, post-surgery infection, opinion of two independent nurses about ear infection, whether a surgery contained cancer cells, whether a second surgery rectifies ruptures in breast gels, and whether the elder’s fall due to medications they consumed are all convincing that the integration works well.Conclusions: The new integrated metric, , susceptibility index, excessive risk, calibration index, and phi-coefficients of this article are supportive to that both the physician’s and patient’s interest together identify a superior diagnostic test.