bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nimodipine Reduces Dysfunction and Demyelination in Models of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Desai Roshni A. , Davies Andrew L. , Del Rossi Natalie , Tachrount Mohamed , Dyson Alex , Gustavson Britta , Kaynezhad Pardis , Mackenzie Lewis , van der Putten Marieke A. , McElroy Daniel , Schiza Dimitra , Linington Christopher , Singer Mervyn , Harvey Andrew R. , Tachtsidis Ilias , Golay Xavier , Smith Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTreatment of relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not advanced beyond steroid use, which reduces acute loss of function, but has little effect on residual disability. Acute loss of function in an MS model (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE]) is partly due to central nervous system (CNS) hypoxia, and function can promptly improve upon breathing oxygen. Here, we investigate the cause of the hypoxia and whether it is due to a deficit in oxygen supply arising from impaired vascular perfusion. We also explore whether the CNS‐selective vasodilating agent, nimodipine, may provide a therapy to restore function, and protect from demyelination in 2 MS models.MethodsA variety of methods have been used to measure basic cardiovascular physiology, spinal oxygenation, mitochondrial function, and tissue perfusion in EAE.ResultsWe report that the tissue hypoxia in EAE is associated with a profound hypoperfusion of the inflamed spinal cord. Treatment with nimodipine restores spinal oxygenation and can rapidly improve function. Nimodipine therapy also reduces demyelination in both EAE and a model of the early MS lesion.InterpretationLoss of function in EAE, and demyelination in EAE, and the model of the early MS lesion, seem to be due, at least in part, to tissue hypoxia due to local spinal hypoperfusion. Therapy to improve blood flow not only protects neurological function but also reduces demyelination. We conclude that nimodipine could be repurposed to offer substantial clinical benefit in MS. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:123–136
Oxidative Stability of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) and Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Oil Blends
Authors: Rodríguez Gilbert , Villanueva Eudes , Cortez Danco , Sanchez Esther , Aguirre Elza , Hidalgo Alyssa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChia and sesame oils are important sources of essential fatty acids; however, their ω‐3:ω‐6 proportions do not comply with nutritional recommendation. A feasible approach to improve the ratio is to blend different oils, but only after understanding physical and chemical changes of the new matrix. Objective of the investigation was to determine the physico‐chemical characteristics and the oxidative stability index (OSI), using the Rancimat method, of chia‐sesame oil blends. The four ω‐3:ω‐6 blends tested (1:4, 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10) were exposed to temperatures of 110, 120, and 130 °C. The OSI values of the mixtures varied between 6.24–8.08, 3.07–4.00, and 1.62–2.01 hours for each temperature, respectively. In addition, their mean activation energy, enthalpy, entropy, and Q10 were 88.4 kJ/mol, 85.2 kJ/mol, −41.1 J/mol K, and 2.0. Finally, a shelf life prediction performed at 25 °C indicated stability times between 80 and 123 days. Therefore, combining chia and sesame oils produced blends with a good balance of essential fatty acids.
Regioselective Mono‐ and Dialkylation of [6,6]‐open C60(CF2): Synthetic and Kinetic Aspects
Authors: Bogdanov Viktor P. , Brotsman Victor A. , Belov Nikita M. , Rybalchenko Alexey V. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Goryunkov Alexey A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlkylation of homofullerene [6,6]‐C60(CF2)2− dianion with the set of alkyl halides, RX, was established to demonstrate an effect of RX nature on the conversion, product composition, and regioselectivity. The respective C60(CF2)RH, C60(CF2)R2 and C60(CF2)R’R’’ compounds were obtained in the reaction with sterically unhindered RX, isolated by HPLC and unequivocally characterized. The kinetic studies evidenced SN2 mechanism for both alkylation steps, yielding mono‐ and dialkylated C60(CF2), respectively, and indicated the negative charge localization at the bridgehead carbon atoms as well as a steric hindrance of the CF2 moiety likely to be a key factors for the SN2 reaction mechanism and observed regioselectivity. The significant difference in the rate constants of the first and the second steps is attributed to the different activation barriers predicted by DFT calculations which makes possible to develop synthetic methods for the regioselective preparation of monoalkylated C60(CF2)RH and heterodialkylated C60(CF2)R’R’’ derivatives.
Suppression of Undesirable Isomerization and Intermolecular Reactions of Double Bonds by a Linked Rotaxane Structure
Authors: Miyagishi Hiromichi V. , Masai Hiroshi , Terao Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor luminescent materials, the isomerization and intermolecular reactions of their double bonds are often undesirable because they cause a reduction in the luminescence properties of the π‐system. Herein, we report a new methodology to simultaneously prevent isomerization and intermolecular reactions by utilizing the steric effect of a linked rotaxane structure. The ring units are covalently linked in order to prevent any undesired shuttling effect from occurring during isomerization. In addition, the insulated structure provides robust optical properties by prevention of intermolecular reactions. Bulky linked rotaxane structures on both sides of the N=N and C=C double bonds suppress E/Z isomerization; photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) measurements reveal that this results in suppression of PLQY reduction caused by isomerization. Moreover, an improvement in the stability under light irradiation and air atmosphere is demonstrated.
Cationic Iridium/Chiral Bisphosphine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroacylation of Ketones
Authors: Shirai Tomohiko , Iwasaki Tomoya , Kanemoto Kazuya , Yamamoto Yasunori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA facile and convenient synthesis of the chiral phthalide framework catalyzed by cationic iridium was developed. The method utilized cationic iridium/bisphosphine‐catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular carbonyl hydroacylation of 2‐keto benzaldehydes to furnish the corresponding optically active phthalide products in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee). The mechanistic studies using a deuterium‐labelled substrate suggested that the reaction involved an intramolecular carbonyl insertion mechanism to iridium hydride intermediate. In addition, we investigated the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of intramolecular hydroacylation with deuterated substrate and determined that the C−H activation step is not included in the turnover‐limiting step.
Water and sewer affordability in the United States: a 2019 update
Authors: Teodoro Manuel P. , Saywitz Robin Rose 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study uses contemporary metrics and data from an original, representative sample of water and sewer utilities in the United States to calculate the affordability of basic single‐family residential water and sewer services for low‐income households in 2019. Results show that affordability conditions have worsened on average since the last such study in 2017: low‐income households must spend an average of 12.4% of their disposable income (up from 10.9%) and/or work 10.1 h at minimum wage (up from 9.9 h) to pay for basic monthly water and sewer services. Analysis suggests that rising prices combine with underlying economic trends to exacerbate affordability.
Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:   COVIDSurg Collaborative, Bhangu Aneel , Lawani Ismail , Ng-Kamstra Joshua S , Wang Yanfeng , Chan Albert , Futaba Kaori , Ng Simon , Ebele Emery , Lederhuber Hans , Tabiri Stephen , Ghosh Dhruv , Gallo Gaetano , Pata Francesco , Di Saverio Salomone , Spinelli Antonino , Medina Antonio Ramos-De , Ademuyiwa Adesoji O , Akinbode Gbemisola , Ingabire J C Allen , Ntirenganya Faustin , Kamara Thaim B , Goh Minghui , Moore Rachel , Kim Hye Jin , Lee Suk-Hwan , Minaya-Bravo Ana , Abbott Tom , Chakrabortee Sohini , Denning Max , Fitzgerald J Edward , Glasbey James , Griffiths Ewen , Halkias Constantine , Harrison Ewen M , Jones Conor S , Kinross James , Lawday Samuel , Li Elizabeth , Markar Sheraz , Morton Dion G , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Pinkney Thomas D , Simoes Joana , Warren Oliver , Wong Danny J N , Bankhead-Kendall Brittany , Breen Kerry A , Davidson Giana H , Kaafarani Haytham , Keller Deborah S , Mazingi Dennis , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Blackwell Sue , Dames Nicola 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Surgeons urgently need guidance on how to deliver surgical services safely and effectively during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to identify the key domains that should be considered when developing pandemic preparedness plans for surgical services.

Methods
A scoping search was conducted to identify published articles relating to management of surgical patients during pandemics. Key informant interviews were conducted with surgeons and anaesthetists with direct experience of working during infectious disease outbreaks, in order to identify key challenges and solutions to delivering effective surgical services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
Thirteen articles were identified from the scoping search, and surgeons and anaesthetists representing 11 territories were interviewed. To mount an effective response to COVID-19, a pandemic response plan for surgical services should be developed in advance. Key domains that should be included are: provision of staff training (such as patient transfers, donning and doffing personal protection equipment, recognizing and managing COVID-19 infection); support for the overall hospital response to COVID-19 (reduction in non-urgent activities such as clinics, endoscopy, non-urgent elective surgery); establishment of a team-based approach for running emergency services; and recognition and management of COVID-19 infection in patients treated as an emergency and those who have had surgery. A backlog of procedures after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is inevitable, and hospitals should plan how to address this effectively to ensure that patients having elective treatment have the best possible outcomes.

Conclusion
Hospitals should prepare detailed context-specific pandemic preparedness plans addressing the identified domains. Specific guidance should be updated continuously to reflect emerging evidence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Examining jurors' ability to meet the constitutional requirement of narrowing in capital sentencing
Authors: Holleran Lisa Bell , Vaughan Tyler J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe US Supreme Court has required that death penalty schemes narrow the class of persons eligible for a death sentence. Through the selection requirement, juries must use mitigating and aggravating evidence jointly to select the offenders engaged in the worst of the worst crimes. This study utilized between‐subjects experimental design to test juror's ability to narrow directly. Utilizing the vignette approach, with brief descriptions of capital trials nested in self‐administered questionnaires, we experimentally manipulated aggravating and mitigating evidence presented to mock jurors and examined their sentencing decisions in two independent samples. While mock jurors were able to identify offenders they considered to be engaged in serious crimes and offenders with diminished culpability, mitigating evidence and aggravating evidence did not interact and there was considerable inconsistency in the effects of mitigating evidence within and between samples. Implications for the constitutionality of the death penalty are considered.
Bioabsorbable‐polymer drug‐eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction: Insights from the ULLISE registry
Authors: Belardi Jorge , Lamelas Pablo 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Limited information is available about the performance of bioabsorbable‐polymer drug‐eluting stents in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.
Patients treated with these stents presenting with acute myocardial infarction are at higher risk of adverse events compared with stable patients.
Further clinical trials are needed to fully understand the role of bioabsorbable‐polymer drug‐eluting stents in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement without previous conduction disturbances: The importance of preventing iatrogenic pacemaker implantation
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Fabris Tommaso 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) patients given pacemakers operating in mandatory DDD mode had more ventricular pacing, heart failure hospitalization, and mortality compared with AAI‐DDD or VVI modes.
AV conduction disturbances are often transient after TAVR. Minimizing ventricular pacing where possible avoids the risk of pacemaker‐induced cardiomyopathy.
Pacemaker specialists should be consulted for any TAVR patient with mild rhythm abnormalities given the high incidence of AV block.
Careful stratification of patients with conduction disturbances during TAVR may help identify the patients who will require an early permanent pacemaker implantation strategy.
Uncommon but devastating: Stroke after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kataruka Akash , Dean Larry S. 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Stroke occurs infrequently following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with 30‐day and 1‐year cumulative incidence of 0.4 and 1.5%, respectively.
Patient comorbidities, acute presentations, and complex coronary lesions are more prevalent among patients who sustain a stroke.
The occurrence of stroke is associated with higher short‐term and overall mortality compared with bleeding or myocardial infarction.
Usefulness of the updated logistic clinical SYNTAX score after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Insights from the GLOBAL LEADERS trial
Authors: Hara Hironori , Kogame Norihiro , Takahashi Kuniaki , Modolo Rodrigo , Chichareon Ply , Tomaniak Mariusz , Ono Masafumi , Kawashima Hideyuki , Gao Chao , Wang Rutao , Valkov Veselin D. , vom Dahl Jürgen , Steinwender Clemens , Geisler Tobias , Lemos Neto Pedro Alves , Macaya Miguel Carlos , Garg Scot , Jüni Peter , Hamm Christian , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Valgimigli Marco , Vranckx Pascal , Windecker Stephan , Farooq Vasim , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. ,   for the GLOBAL LEADERS Trial Investigators
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the prognostic utility of the anatomical CABG SYNTAX and logistic clinical SYNTAX scores for mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG).BackgroundThe anatomical SYNTAX score evaluated the anatomical complexity of coronary artery disease and helped predict the prognosis of patients undergoing PCI. The anatomical CABG SYNTAX score was derived from the anatomical SYNTAX score in patients with prior CABG, whilst the logistic clinical SYNTAX score was developed by incorporating clinical factors into the anatomical SYNTAX score.MethodsWe calculated the anatomical CABG SYNTAX score and logistic clinical SYNTAX score in 205 patients in the GLOBAL LEADERS trial. The predictive abilities of these scores for 2‐year all‐cause mortality were evaluated.ResultsUsing the median scores as categorical thresholds between low and high score groups, the logistic clinical SYNTAX score was able to discriminate the risk of 2‐year mortality, unlike the anatomical CABG SYNTAX score. The logistic clinical SYNTAX was significantly better at predicting 2‐year mortality, compared to the anatomical CABG SYNTAX score, as evidenced by AUC values in receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis (0.806 vs. 0.582, p < .001) and integrated discrimination improvement (0.121, p < .001).ConclusionsThe logistic clinical SYNTAX score was superior to the anatomical CABG SYNTAX score in predicting 2‐year mortality.
Pilot phase experience of the International Quality Improvement Collaborative catheterization registry
Authors: Barry Oliver M. , Ali Fatima , Ronderos Miguel , Sudhaker Abish , Kumar R. Krishna , Mood Marhisham C. , Corona‐Villalobos Carlos , Nguyen Dinh Toai , Doherty‐Schmeck Kaitlin , Bergersen Lisa , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Jenkins Kathy J. , Hasan Babar S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the development of a quality collaborative for congenital cardiac catheterization centers in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) including pilot study data and a novel procedural efficacy measure.BackgroundAbsence of congenital cardiac catheterization registries in LMICs led to the development of the International Quality Improvement Collaborative Congenital Heart Disease Catheterization Registry (IQIC‐CHDCR). As a foundation for this initiative, the IQIC is a collaboration of pediatric cardiac surgical programs from LMICs. Participation in IQIC has been associated with improved patient outcomes.MethodsA web‐based registry was designed through a collaborative process. A pilot study was conducted from October through December 2017 at seven existing IQIC sites. Demographic, hemodynamic, and adverse event data were obtained and a novel tool to assess procedural efficacy was applied to five specific procedures. Procedural efficacy was categorized using ideal, adequate, and inadequate.ResultsA total of 429 cases were entered. Twenty‐five adverse events were reported. The five procedures for which procedural efficacy was measured represented 48% of cases (n = 208) and 71% had complete data for analysis (n = 146). Procedure efficacy was ideal most frequently in patent ductus arteriosus (95%) and atrial septal defect (90%) device closure, and inadequate most frequently in coarctation procedures (100%), and aortic and pulmonary valvuloplasties (50%).ConclusionsThe IQIC‐CHDCR has designed a feasible collaborative to capture catheterization data in LMICs. The novel tool for procedural efficacy will provide valuable means to identify areas for quality improvement. This pilot study and lessons learned culminated in the full launch of the IQIC‐CHDCR.
Revision of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator to intermuscular pocket to prevent inappropriate shocks
Authors: Madjarov Jeko M. , Madzharov Svetozar , Abedinov Filip , Chappuis Stefanie , Fedor John M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSensing and defibrillation threshold for a S‐ICD are impacted by positioning at implant or revision. The intermuscular pocket prevents device migration and provides appropriate, stable sensing vectors.
Fluoride‐Based Anion Doping: A New Strategy for Improving the Performance of Protonic Ceramic Conductors of the Form BaZrO3
Authors: Gao Jun , Liu Yinqiao , Meng Yuqing , Hu Ming , Brinkman Kyle S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new strategy is reported to improve the performance of BaZrO3‐based protonic ceramic conductors by substitution on the anion sublattice, specifically replacing F− in the O2− site. The F−‐doped material exhibited higher conductivity under both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres compared to the undoped oxide. Ab initio calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed that the improved performance can be attributed to weakened chemical bonding between the cations (A or B site) and the oxygen ions as a result of F− doping, resulting in improved oxygen mobility. Finally, improved performance was demonstrated by using BaZr0.8Y0.2O3‐δ‐σFσ (σ=0.1) as the electrolyte in protonic ceramic fuel cells measurements. The anions doping strategy shows great promise for the development of a new generation of high‐performance electrolyte materials.
δ‐MnO2 Nanofibers: A Promising Cathode Material for New Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Almodóvar Paloma , Giraldo David A. , Chancón Joaquín , Álvarez‐Serrano Inmaculada , López María Luisa 
Published: April 2020

Abstractδ‐MnO2 nanofibers, synthesized by using a simple, low‐cost sol‐gel method, showed high electrochemical performance as a cathode for rechargeable Al‐ion batteries (AIBs). δ‐MnO2 presented an initial discharge capacity of 59 mA h g−1 and stabilized at 37 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 100 mA g−1 after 15 cycles and for more than 100 cycles with almost a 99 % coulombic efficiency. Different plateaus in charge/discharge curves, consistent with CV peaks, revealed the Al‐ion insertion/deinsertion and the electrochemical stability of the battery. Moreover, different rate CV measurements revealed the pseudocapacitive behavior of δ‐MnO2 in AIBs. The obtained charge/discharge capacities are ten times higher than previous studies performed with this material. Ex situ Raman and high‐resolution TEM measurements in different charge/discharge states revealed structural information of δ‐MnO2 upon Al‐ion intercalation/deintercalation.
Recent progress on MOF‐derived carbon materials for energy storage
Authors: Ren Jincan , Huang Yalan , Zhu He , Zhang Binghao , Zhu Hekang , Shen Shenghui , Tan Guoqiang , Wu Feng , He Hao , Lan Si , Xia Xinhui , Liu Qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are of quite a significance in the field of inorganic‐organic hybrid crystals. Especially, MOFs have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their large specific surface area, desirable electrical conductivity, controllable porosity, tunable geometric structure, and excellent thermal/chemical stability. Some recent studies have shown that carbon materials prepared by MOFs as precursors can retain the privileged structure of MOFs, such as large specific surface area and porous structure and, in contrast, realize in situ doping with heteroatoms (eg, N, S, P, and B). Moreover, by selecting appropriate MOF precursors, the composition and morphology of the carbon products can be easily adjusted. These remarkable structural advantages enable the great potential of MOF‐derived carbon as high‐performance energy materials, which to date have been applied in the fields of energy storage and conversion systems. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in MOF‐derived carbon materials for energy storage applications. We first introduce the compositions, structures, and synthesis methods of MOF‐derived carbon materials, and then discuss their applications and potentials in energy storage systems, including rechargeable lithium/sodium‐ion batteries, lithium‐sulfur batteries, supercapacitors, and so forth, in detail. Finally, we put forward our own perspectives on the future development of MOF‐derived carbon materials.