bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feminization, food security, and hunger eradication: A Case of Omu-Aran community in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Ake M , Rasak B , Igbolekwu C , Ogunlade P , Nwozo A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A profound change of the global food and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish today’s 795 million hungry and the expected 2 billion people by 2050. Aside from hunger and malnutrition, food insecurity results in a wide range of problems such as health, environmental degradation, and a high rate of crime. When food security improves, most facets of life improve as well. While most Nigerians engaged in activities outside the agricultural sector, the country is in danger of being engulfed in a food crisis. Improving agriculture and food security (being able to produce enough food to sustain families and communities year after year), is a herculean task for the Omu-Aran community. There are no incentives for women to engage in commercial agriculture. Based on the above, this study tends to examine the role of women in proving food security and how this could help in the eradication of hunger in the Omu-Aran community in Kwara State. It argues that women have more restricted access than men to productive resources and opportunities including land, livestock, inputs, education, extension and research services, and financial services. Closing this gender gap would give an important boost to agricultural productivity and output, and in bringing agricultural yields similar to those of men, government at all levels, as well as corporate and financial establishments, must commit a large chunk of resources towards motivating women farmers. Role theory provides the theoretical framework for the study. The design for the study was both descriptive and exploratory. A two-stage sampling consisting of purposive and simple random techniques were used to select the respondents. The sample population comprises 35 food crop farming households in the Omu-Aran community. A structured interview was used to elicit information on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively while qualitative data was content analyses.
Gender issues and women’s participation in agricultural production in Warri South Local Government area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Asamu F F , Odagwe M C , Rasak B , Arisukwu O , Igbolekwu C , Oyeyipo E E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gender inequality of women participation in agricultural production has become a worrisome discussion in the present dispensation. This is because women constitute large portion in agriculture business. The study therefore examines this issue, stressing on the extent of women’s participation in agriculture. The highest frequency of women that engage in farming all year round is 48 (30.0%), 44 (27.6%) respondents engage in farming activities half a year, 35 (21.8%) engage quarterly in a year. While cultural practices 36 (22.5%) form the highest causes of gender inequality and women’s participation in agricultural production in Warri South Local Government Areas of Delta State, using data collected through questionnaire interview from 160 subjects. The study reveals that gender inequality of women in agricultural participation has considerable impact on the production process.
Clean energy generation and material recovery potentials from solid wastes generated in Omu Aran community
Authors: Oladejo O S , Ilesanmi O T , Olanipekun A A , Ajayi O E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present method of waste disposal in Omu Aran is a direct open dumping and burning at various unapproved dumpsites. The study was conducted at selected five major dumpsites within Omu Aran community, to investigate the existing waste management systems, characterize solid wastes generated, and estimate the rate of solid waste generation. An exploratory study design was adopted for a period of one year, January 2018 to January 2019. Five (5) randomly selected spots of 1sq.m were located on each of the five (5) major dumpsites in Omu Aran. For each of the dumpsites, solid wastes were collected from top to the depth of 300 mm in each of the five (5) selected one- sq.m spots. Estimated waste generated was about seventy-four tons (73,744.92 kg) with generation rate of 0.496 kg/person. Total amount of material recyclable was about thirty-two tons (32,447.76 kg; about 44 %) and energy recovery material, to attain zero-waste, integrated waste management scheme was over forty one ton (41,297.16 kg; about 56 %). The combustible components of solid waste generated in Omu Aran community (kg/day), energy content (kJ/day) and electricity generation potential (MW) were presented. Estimated energy content of solid wastes from the Omu Aran dumpsite was 1097.999 GJ/day. This implies that there is possibility of electricity generation up to 12.708 MW from daily steam production. Considering the high material recyclability, reusability and energy recovery potentials from solid wastes generated in Omu Aran community, it was recommended that the Irepodun Local Government Authority adopts sustainable and integrated waste management options of waste minimization from the source, reuse, recycling of solid waste generated within the large community.
Development of small-scale downdraft gasifiers for biomass gasification
Authors: Olayanju T M A , Dairo O.U , Sobukola O , Odebiyi O , Dahunsi S O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Biomass gasification mainly involves a process whereby agricultural residues or biomass are subjected to partial combustion for the biomass to undergo pyrolysis and reduction, thereby releasing its gaseous component such as hydrogen, carbon-dioxide and methane. Past studies have laid emphasis on the need to study the effect of moisture content and biomass types on the rate of gasification and gasifier efficiency. This study focused on the development of a downdraft gasifier for production of syngas using agricultural wastes as raw materials. The design of the Imbert type downdraft gasifier was based on specific gasification rate, called hearth load Gh, nozzle air blast velocities, throat inclination angle, air inlet diameter and size of reduction zone. The developed gasifier consisted of a reactor, cyclone and filtration unit of 0.006, 0.016, and 0.006 m3 capacities respectively. The testing and evaluation of the designed gasifier showed adequate capacity for biomass treatment by pyrolysis. The fabricated gasifier also showed high efficiency in the pyrolysis of the selected biomasses and the product yields are appreciable. The development and use of such gasifier especially for the treatment of other agricultural wastes is hereby solicited.
Performance evaluation of downdraft gasifiers under various conditions
Authors: Olayanju T M A , Dairo O U , Sobukola O , Odebiyi O , Dahunsi S O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research studied the effect of biomass types and moisture content on the performance of a downdraft gasifier. Sawdust, woodchip and bean chaff were used as test samples at three moisture contents (10, 20 and 30% w.b) which was determined with oven drying method and Pascal’s manometric tube was prepared to measure the quantity of methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the syngas. The gas obtained at 10% moisture content for the three biomass after gasification was analyzed and compared to standard values. Ash content, gasification time and temperature were measured using standard methods. The ash contents at 10, 20 and 30% moisture contents for wood chips, sawdust and bean chaff were 0.210, 0.457, 0.750kg, 0.202, 0.290, 0.651kg and 0.295, 0.228, 0.394kg respectively. The gas samples were taken at 10% moisture for analysis because it produced the lowest ash content. Gas produced at 10% moisture content showed that methane, CO2 and H2S contents for wood chips; sawdust and bean chaff were 60.85, 27.50, 0.44%; 62.33, 23.77, 0.87% and 63.94, 18.91, 0.58% respectively. The values of CO was insignificant. The moisture content of the biomass significantly (p < 0.05) affected the values of ash content, gasification time and temperature but the effects of biomass types were not significant. Ash content and gasification time increased with increase in moisture level with the least value of 0.210 kg and 61 minutes at 10% moisture content respectively. The gasification temperature decreased as moisture level increased and vice versa. Increase in moisture level increased the ash content and gasification time. The higher the gasification temperature, the lower the time. Gasifier efficiency was also affected by moisture content and biomass types. The best gasifier efficiency was observed at 10% moisture content with 60, 57 and 75% for sawdust, woodchips and bean chaff respectively.
Effects of climate change on grain productivity in Nigeria (1970-2014)
Authors: Bamiro O M , Adeyonu G A , Babatunde A , Solaja S O , Sanni S A , Faronbi O A , Awe T E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study examines the effect of climate change on the yield for four main grain crops in Nigeria (sorghum, maize, millet and rice) over the period 1970-2014. Cobb Douglas and Maximum Likelihood Estimation were explored to obtain reliable estimates. Results suggests that climate have diversified effects on grain yield and variability which shows that as the climate becomes warmer, higher yield variability can be observed on these selected crops. In addition more rainfall increases the yield variability on sorghum, maize, millet and rice. The increasing variation on rainfall also increased crop yield variability on rice. Based on the empirical findings it can be concluded that climate change, through an increase in actual average temperature and changing rainfall pattern has resulted to a decline in productivity of most food grain crops. This effect varies within crops and there is need to adapt different policies for various crops to mitigate the adverse effect of climate change in Nigeria.
Development of an indented cylinder metering device for a tractor drawn manure spreader
Authors: Agidi G , Gana I M , Usman H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The research work was carried out to develop an indented cylinder metering device for a tractor drawn manure spreader capable of transporting, metering and uniform spreading of the manure in the farm. Materials of right strength and sizes for the equipment parts were determined and selected based on the design analysis and calculations carried out. Hopper, manure metering system, floor wheels, energy transfer system, machine frame and gear system are the main components of the machine. The equipment was tested using three factors; number of grooves, speed and the manure moisture contents while the response is spreading efficiency. The metering system used are 1, 2, 3 and 4 grooves, and the speed was varied at four levels of 8 km/hr, 13 km/hr, 18 km/hr, and 23 km/hr. The manure moisture content was varied at 8%, 12%, 16% and 20% (d.b). The test outcomes of the equipment using cow dung, the largest manure delivery efficiency of 82% was achieved from a velocity of 23 km/h using a metering cylinder with four grooves, whereas a minimum efficiency of 48% was achieved from a velocity of 8 km/h using a single groove metering cylinder. Also highest manure delivery efficiency of 85% was obtained from manure with 8% moisture content (db) while least efficiency of 63% moisture content was obtained from manure with 20% moisture content (db). The efficiency of manure delivery improved with both tractor speed and amount of metering groove but reduced with enhanced humidity content of manure. The three parameters therefore have important impacts on the efficiency of manure delivery. The throughput capacity of the equipment is 11 hectares per day. It is anticipated that the development of this equipment will decrease human drudgery, reduce accumulation of manure in the soil and improve application uniformity and enhance the productivity of the farmer.
Energy consumption and environmental burden analysis of cassava tuber production in Ogbomoso southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olaniran J A , Jekayinfa S O , Adekanye T A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The behavior of an agricultural system can be understood better by considering its economic and environmental analysis. In order to reduce environmental load of energy uses, there is need for improved energy conversion and utilization. In this research, the energy consumption pattern in cassava production, and its environment burden were considered. Data of resources consumption were collected from cassava cultivation field and relevant research institutions, and converted to their energy value. Selected environmental impacts categories of the crop were determined using life cycle assessment model according to ISO 14040-14043 series. The results from the findings showed that crop protection, planting operation, land preparation, harvesting and packing consumed 16764.83, 5057.32, 5011.46 and 294MJ/ha which represented 61.80%, 18.64%, 18.48% and 1.08% respectively of the total energy consumption. Other energetic parameters and their value determined in cassava production were, energy productivity (1.47 kg/MJ), energy ratio (8.95) and net energy gain (215672.39 MJ/ha). The percentage nonrenewable energy and renewable energy consumed were 78.40% and 21.60% respectively. The environmental impacts associated with cassava production include global warming potential (GWP) (8.025E+01 kg CO2 equiv.), acidification potential (AP) (1.8892E-02 kg SO2 equiv), eutrophication potential (EP) (6.7375E-01 kg NO3 equiv.), and ozone layer depletion potentials (OLDP) (2.9981E-04 kg RII equiv.) The results obtained established cassava tuber as energy crop, and it production has negative impact on the environment. Non-renewable energy utilization in the crop production should be targeted for reduction.
Synurbic avian species in Greater Jakarta Area, Indonesia
Authors: Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A , Rinaldi D , Rumblat W , Dewi L K , Kaban A , Sastranegara H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to reveal birds found in Greater Jakarta Area, and categorize the bird based on the probability of encounter, namely urban exploiters, adapters, and avoiders. Bird list of 36 sites in Greater Jakarta Area collected by other workers in the last seven years were used as the basis of determination. Percentiles were used as cut off points for each category. Of the 243 bird species found the study area, there were 8 species categorized as urban exploiters and the 3 highest ranks were the Sooty-headed Bulbul, Cave Swiftlets and Eurasian Tree Sparrow. Forty-nine bird species were categorized as urban adapters. The rest of species, which constitute a big portion of the species spotted in the Greater Jakarta (186 species, 76.5%) were categorized into urban avoiders. The nocturnal species was represented only by Black-crowned Night-heron. The presence of species exploiters and adapters showed that (a) Greater Jakarta Area still have sufficient green open spaces, including significant numbers of mature and decayed trees; (b) there were still good quality of small rivers, creeks, and swampy area; (c) small mammals were sufficient to support small raptors, and (d) bird community was quite rich to perform brood parasitism habit.
Sub-population survey of Dipterocarpus retusus Bl. in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park
Authors: Junaedi D I , Handayani A , Suhendri Y , Rustandi  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dipterocarpaceae are globally important tree family due to its conservation status. Most of Dipterocarpaceae in Java are distributed in lowland area. However, several species exist in higher altitude such as Gede Pangrango National Park (GPNP) area. All Dipterocarpaceae species in GPNP are vulnerable or endangered based on IUCN Red List status. Dipterocarpaceae species are main priorities for plant conservation in GPNP. In this study we conducted early survey of Dipterocarpus retusus Bl. sub-population in Bodogol area (northwest slope of GPNP) at elevation 800-1000 m above sea level. We searched D. retusus individuals along trail in the Bodogol area from forest exterior towards forest interior. The subpopulation of D. retusus detected in mixed forests that dominated by emergent Fagaceae species (Castanopsis argentea). Positive correlation between diameter and height may reflect low disturbance rate in Bodogol forest area. We also found negative effect of habitat elevation toward plant height, which mean that the centre of sub-population located in the lower elevation part of the sampling location. This study signifies the importance of Bodogol forest area that contain globally important Red List plant species.
Captive reproduction of timor monitor, Varanus timorensis (Gray, 1831) in Indonesia
Authors: Arida E , Mulyadi  , Handayani N W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Varanus timorensis is an endemic species of Monitor lizards in Indonesia. Distribution areas of the species are restricted to a few islands in the Lesser Sundas and protection for conservation is given through a legal status in the Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 7 Tahun 1999. Successful breedings have been reported outside Indonesia and we attempt for the first time to report efforts to breed this species in captive environments in Indonesia. We conducted inspections at five reptile breeding facilities in Java between 2017 and 2018. Using information and data obtained from interviews with owners and/or managers, we estimate production capacity for each facility and compare with export permit data. We found sufficient breeding infrastructure in all five facilities and parental stocks at F0 and F1 levels were recorded by legal documents issued by the Biodiversity Conservation Directorate of Ministry of Environment and Forestry to ensure no additional animals are stocked from the wild. Estimates of individuals produced in breeding facilities is lower than minimum estimates of production capacity. We found no breeding records were available during inspections. Therefore, Management and Scientific Authorities should carry out regular inspections and collect direct reproductive data, for example once or twice per year.
Population dynamics of Macrobrachium sintangense and M. lanchesteri in Lake Lido, West Java
Authors: Aprila L S , Wowor D , Boer M , Farajallah A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Macrobrachium is a genus of freshwater prawn widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. Its two species found in Lake Lido, i.e Macrobrachium sintangense and M. lanchesteri. Macrobrachium sintangense is an indigenous prawn species from Indonesia while M. lanchesteri is an introduced species. The objective of this study is to identify the growth pattern, mortality rate, and recruitment pattern of both. The study was conducted from July to December 2015. The results show that the growth parameter carapace asymptotic length (CLœ) of M. sintangense and M. lanchesteri were 20.50 mm and 18.50 mm, respectively; and the growth coefficient (K) were 1.02/Year and 1.10/Year, respectively. The exploitation rate of M. sintangense were 0.68 and 0.81 thus both have exceeded the optimum exploitation rate. Therefore, these species can be considered as overexploited. The recruitment of the two species was performed twice per year. During the study, the population of M. sintangense happened to ceased in December 2015. An extra six-month study was conducted to see the recovery of this population, however M. sintangense had been extinct since then. It is suspected that there had been a natural competition between the native M. sintangense and the introduced M. lanchesteri.
New record of Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798) from Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Susilo V E , Wowor D , Suratno  , Abror M N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Some freshwater crabs can be found from brackish up to the freshwater habitats. The crab of the family Varunidae, i.e. Varuna litterata (Fabricius, 1798) has unique migration distribution pattern because it is a euryhaline and catadromous species. The Varunid species is distributed throughout the Indo Pacific region. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of V. litterata in Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP). Specimens were collected along the rivers passing Andongrejo and Bandealit resorts in MBNP by road sampling method on various habitats, and from lowland up to the middle stretch. The collected specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol. V. litterata was found mainly in settlements at lowland area. This species can migrate to the freshwater as far as 31 Km from the coast. During the collecting time, large females were found in coastal area showing this species association with marine life.
Mixed flock of insectivorous birds in Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Putra G G , Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Although mixed flock has been widely studied in various locations elsewhere, very little information was reported from Indonesia. This study was aimed at re-discovering the mixed-flocks that were reported existed in Gunung Gede-Pangrango National Park three decades ago. Transects between 1,600m and 2,400m with 200 m interval were surveyed for 50h in Gunung Putri Resort. Flock size, composition, dominance and sighting probability were calculated. Five mixed flocks were re-discovered in the study site (probability 0.10), decreased in number compared to previous research (probability 0.57). The flocks were found between 2,000m and 2,300m asl, consisted of 9 species, averaging 39.6 individual birds (ranged 9-11 birds) and. Blue Nuthatch, Mountain White-eye and Little Pied Flycatcher were dominant and always part of every flock member. Ashy Drongo and Lesser Racquet-tailed Drongo could play role as flock leaders.
The 16S rRNA analysis of proteolytic bacteria isolated from recirculating aquaculture system
Authors: Dinoto A , Handayani R , Saputra S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Unused feed containing protein in the water affects the fish survivability under the recirculating aquaculture systems. Microbial communities play important roles in nutrient cycling in the aquatic ecosystems, however, bacteria that may help in protein degradation remains underexplored. This study aimed to identify the proteolytic bacteria obtained from aquaculture system based on 16S rRNA genes. Bacteria were isolated using non-selective medium and then assayed for proteolytic activity on skim milk agar. Characterizations were conducted for selected proteolytic bacteria before subjected to Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing. The results of BLAST show that five representative isolates are closely related to Flavobacterium nitratireducens, Micrococcus aloeverae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Exiguobacteríum indicum at the level similarity of 99%. The nucleotides of collected proteolytic bacterial strains have been deposited in NCBI Genbank. Finding of those proteolytic bacteria in the recirculating aquaculture system may lead the further ecological studies about their roles in the ecosystem.