bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcomes of osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting in severely atrophic maxilla: A 10‐year prospective study
Authors: Shi Jun‐Yu , Qian Shu‐Jiao , Gu Ying‐Xin , Qiao Shi‐Chong , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to report 10‐year results of osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) without grafting severely atrophic maxilla (residual bone height ≤4 mm).Materials and MethodsPatients undergoing OSFE without grafting and implant placement were included for 10‐year examinations. Implant survival, complication‐free survival, modified bleeding index (mBI), modified plaque index (mPI), pocket probing depth (PPD), peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG) and mean cost of recurrence were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 23 patients with 35 implants attended 10‐year examination. Cemented implant crowns or implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses were delivered to the patients. Kaplan–Meier implant survival was 89.2% at implant level and 84.1% at patient level. Complication‐free survival was 26.0% at patient level and 37.0% at implant level. The average complication‐free survival time was 74.6 months (95% CI: 63.2–86.0 months) at implant level and 69.1 months (95% CI: 54.8–83.4 months) at patient level. The mBI, mPI, PPD, MBL and ESBG at 10‐year follow‐up were 0.91 ± 0.58, 0.48 ± 0.51, 2.94 ± 0.79 mm, 1.63 ± 0.83 mm and 2.72 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. The cost of managing recurrence was 43.6% of the initial cost of treatment.ConclusionThe results of the present study indicate that OSFE without grafting is a reliable treatment option in severely atrophic maxilla. Acceptable survival rate, stable MBL and ESBG could be achieved within 10 years. Low complication‐free survival and high costs of recurrence management need to be considered.
Differential susceptibility of white bass (Morone chrysops), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and hybrid striped bass (M. chrysops × M. saxatilis) to Flavobacterium columnare and effects of mucus on bacterial growth and biofilm development
Authors: Farmer Bradley D. , Fuller Sidney Adam , Beck Benjamin H. , Abernathy Jason W. , Lange Miles D. , Webster Carl D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractColumnaris disease generates substantial losses of many freshwater fish species; one is the hybrid striped bass. The ubiquitous aquatic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare can be highly effective in biofilm formation on fish skin and gills. Previous research showed a difference between columnaris disease susceptibility of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops) and white bass (M. chrysops). To understand these differential susceptibilities and possible mucosal relationship, we assessed total bacterial growth and biofilm formation with mucus derived from each moronid parental species: white bass and striped bass (M. saxatilis). Differential susceptibility was confirmed of the other parent species, the striped bass (M. saxatilis). In addition to intraspecies investigations, individual hybrid striped bass mucosal affects were also studied for deferential responses to bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Species‐ and concentration‐dependent differences were detected in the total growth of the bacteria to host mucus. Our data suggest that bass mucus can significantly affect biofilm formation with the F. columnare isolate tested. There appears to be a correlation between the bacteria's response of growth and biofilms and bass species susceptibility. This study provides insight into our understanding of the host–pathogen interaction between F. columnare and moronids.
Swallowing screening practice patterns for nurses in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit
Authors: Dallal York Justine , Miller Sarah , Chapin Jennifer , Gore Stephanie , Jeng Eric I. , Plowman Emily K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe current study surveyed nurse practice patterns for performing swallowing screens in an academic cardiac intensive care unit (ICU). It aimed to index: training and levels of confidence in conducting dysphagia screens; screening methods employed; timing and frequency of implement; and subsequent plan of care in identified high‐risk patients.BackgroundSwallowing impairment (dysphagia) is common following cardiac surgery and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early and accurate detection of dysphagia is therefore critical to afford implementation of interventions to optimise patient care. Currently, no validated instruments or guidelines exist for nursing screening of dysphagia in this setting.MethodsAn anonymous and voluntary 10‐item mixed‐methods online survey was conducted using Qualtrics software. Nonprobability purposive sampling was utilised to recruit nurses working in an academic 24‐bed cardiac ICU. Thematic analysis using operationally defined coding, SRQR checklist and descriptive statistics were employed.ResultsSixty‐nine nurses completed the survey during a 1‐month period, representing an 84% response rate. Formal training in performing swallowing screens was reported in 18.6% of nurses. In rank order, reported level of confidence was the following: “moderately” (49%); “somewhat” (35%); “not” (13%); and “very” (3%). The majority of nurses performed screens within 1 hr (40.6%) or between 1–4 hr (43.8%) of extubation. Fifteen different methods were utilised to screen swallowing function by nurses who reported a total of 31 different clinical signs indicative of dysphagia.ConclusionsSurvey data of practicing nurses in an academic cardiac ICU revealed limited formal training in swallowing screening methodology, a high degree of variability in screening methods employed and low levels of agreement for dysphagia signs.Relevance to clinical practiceData highlight a knowledge gap and need for the development of formal education and validated rapid nursing dysphagia screening tools for standardised implementation in the cardiac surgery ICU setting.
Assessment of differential item functioning across English and Spanish versions of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale
Authors: Pattanaik Swaha , John Mike T. , Chung Seungwon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate differential item functioning across the Spanish and English versions of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES).MethodsOES data were collected from a consecutive sample of a total of 622 adult dental patients (311 English‐ and 311 Spanish‐speaking adults) from HealthPartners dental clinics in Minnesota. We inspected boundary characteristic curves (BCCs) based on item response theory (IRT) in English speakers and Spanish speakers to examine differential item functioning (DIF). Using the Samejima's graded response model, we used the item response theory log‐likelihood ratio (IRTLR) approach to test whether DIF was statistically significant.ResultsInspection of the BCCs did not reveal substantial differences in item difficulty and discrimination between English speakers and Spanish speakers. When IRTLR tests were performed for the seven OES items, no item was flagged with significant DIF after P‐values were adjusted for multiple comparisons.ConclusionsPooling of Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) data from English and Spanish‐speaking dental patients for analysis and interpretation is supported by the absence of differential item functioning (DIF) across the two language groups.
The Gratification of Psychological Needs and Well‐Being Among Turkish Adolescents: An Examination of Direct and Indirect Links
Authors: Dost‐Gözkan Ayfer 
Published: October 2020

Based on the self‐determination theory (SDT), the present study tested a mediational model in a cross‐sectional data and found that gratification of basic psychological needs (GBPN; autonomy, relatedness, and competence) in adolescents’ relationships with their mother and father is linked with wellness (life satisfaction, problem‐solving confidence, and anxiety), through family cohesion, and disclosure and secrecy from mother. Adolescents (N = 1,097; 61.6% girls, Mage = 15.12, SD = 0.64; range = 14–16 years) were from nine public schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Findings showed that GBPN in the relationship with each parent has unique contribution to family cohesion, adolescent disclosure and secrecy from parents, and wellness. Findings also supported SDT’s claim that GBPN is conducive to well‐being cross‐culturally.
Effects of dietary energy on antioxidant capacity, glucose–lipid metabolism and meat fatty acid profile of Holstein bulls at different ages
Authors: Wang Haibo , Niu Wenjing , Wu Fei , Qiu Xinjun , Yu Zhantao , He Yang , Li Hang , Su Huawei , Cao Binghai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy on antioxidant capacity, liver glucose–lipid‐related gene expressions and meat fatty acid of Holstein bulls. Thirty‐six Holstein bulls (age, 17.0 ± 0.49 months; body weight, 493.3 ± 39.7 kg) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments. The metabolizable energy of diets was 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg. Bulls in each dietary treatment were sampled at the age of 20, 23 or 26 months. Results showed that serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase decreased with the increasing age. Dietary energy and age had interaction effects on the expressions of fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha, acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 and carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1 alpha. Besides, the increase of age and dietary energy increased the expression of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1. The expressions of liver glucose‐6‐phosphatase, tumour necrosis factor alpha and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 increased with the increasing age. The increase of age and dietary energy increased the proportions of C18:1cis‐9, C18:2n‐6trans and monounsaturated fatty acid. In summary, the increase of age and dietary energy enhanced the intensity of metabolic changes and inflammatory responses. Dietary energy and age affected the expressions of liver lipid metabolism‐related genes, further affected meat fatty acid composition of Holstein bulls.
Root trait–microbial relationships across tundra plant species
Authors: Spitzer Clydecia M. , Lindahl Björn , Wardle David A. , Sundqvist Maja K. , Gundale Michael J. , Fanin Nicolas , Kardol Paul 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Fine roots, and their functional traits, influence associated rhizosphere microorganisms via root exudation and root litter quality. However, little information is known about their relationship with rhizosphere microbial taxa and functional guilds.

We investigated the relationships of 11 fine root traits of 20 sub‐arctic tundra meadow plant species and soil microbial community composition, using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and high‐throughput sequencing. We primarily focused on the root economics spectrum, as it provides a useful framework to examine plant strategies by integrating the co‐ordination of belowground root traits along a resource acquisition–conservation trade‐off axis.

We found that the chemical axis of the fine root economics spectrum was positively related to fungal to bacterial ratios, but negatively to Gram‐positive to Gram‐negative bacterial ratios. However, this spectrum was unrelated to the relative abundance of functional guilds of soil fungi. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was positively correlated to root carbon content, but negatively to the numbers of root forks per root length.

Our results suggest that the fine root economics spectrum is important for predicting broader groups of soil microorganisms (i.e. fungi and bacteria), while individual root traits may be more important for predicting soil microbial taxa and functional guilds.
Reflections on a Long-Term Consultancy Relationship: Challenging the Beliefs of an Elite Golfer
Authors: Pates John , Kingston Kieran 
Published: October 2020

This case study is a reflective account of a consultation with a (then) 37-year-old male professional golfer and former Ryder Cup player who had lost his status on the European golf tour and was working outside of the sport in order to make a living. Needs analysis suggested that the client had poor performances, low self-confidence, and dysfunctional beliefs (e.g., “My swing is not good enough”). An eclectic philosophical approach was adopted to address these issues (e.g., strength-based training, overlearning, hypnosis, promoting an external focus of attention, cognitive restructuring, and a clutch-based visualization). The effectiveness of the interventions was determined by the player’s performance and his underlying emotions and beliefs. The client provided social validation for the consultation approach. The interventions in this case study elevated positive emotions (e.g., confidence and optimism), changed dysfunction beliefs (e.g., “I am always a bridesmaid”), and enhanced performance (winning major championships). The case study illustrates a protracted engagement with a client and the evolution of a professional relationship. The case is discussed in light of a self-fulfilling-prophecy effect and a consultancy that targets the conscious and unconscious mind of an elite golfer. Recommendations are offered for consultants working with elite golfers.
Maintaining High Professional Standards, morally, ethically and fairly: what doctors need to know right now
Authors: Ataullah Ifat , Livesey Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFacing an investigation into performance concerns can be one of the most traumatic events in a doctor’s career, and badly handled investigations can lead to severe distress. Yet there is no systematic way for National Health Service (NHS) Trusts to record the frequency of investigations, and extremely little data on the long-term outcomes of such action for the doctors. The document—Maintaining High Professional Standards in the Modern NHS (a framework for the initial investigation of concerns about doctors and dentists in the NHS)—should protect doctors from facing unfair or mismanaged performance management procedures, which include conduct, capability and health. Equally, it provides NHS Trusts with a framework that must be adhered to when managing performance concerns regarding doctors. Yet, very few doctors have even heard of it or know about the provisions it contains for their protection, and the implementation of the framework appears to be very variable across NHS Trusts. By empowering all doctors with the knowledge of what performance management procedures exist and how best practice should be implemented, we aim to ensure that they are informed participants in any investigation should it occur.
Gene Expression Signatures of BRCAness and Tumor Inflammation Define Subgroups of Early-Stage Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Schroth Werner , Büttner Florian A. , Kandabarau Siarhei , Hoppe Reiner , Fritz Peter , Kumbrink Jörg , Kirchner Thomas , Brauer Heather A. , Ren Yuqi , Henderson David , Madden Stephen F. , Sauer Georg , Fehm Tanja , Wallwiener Diethelm , Fasching Peter A. , Mürdter Thomas , Schwab Matthias , Brauch Hiltrud 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients with estrogen receptor– and/or progesterone receptor–positive, early breast cancer benefit from hormonal treatment, yet high global death burdens due to high prevalence and long-term recurrence risk call for biomarkers to guide additional treatment approaches.

Experimental Design:
From a prospective, observational study of postmenopausal early breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, gene expression analyses of 612 tumors was performed using the NanoString Breast Cancer 360 panel to interrogate 23 breast cancer pathways. Candidate signatures associated with disease subtype and event-free survival (EFS) were obtained by cluster analysis, Cox modeling, and conditional inference trees, and were independently tested in 613 patients from BreastMark. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were assessed on tissue sections, and mutational burden was assessed in 36 tumors by whole-exome sequencing.

Results:
PAM50-derived classification distinguished lower-risk (Luminal A) from higher-risk subtypes (Luminal B, P = 0.04; HER2, P = 0.006; Basal, P = 0.008). In higher-risk patients, shorter EFS was associated with low androgen receptor [HR = 3.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.72–7.56; P = 0.001] or high BRCAness signature expression (HR = 3.58; 95% CI, 1.19–10.7; P = 0.023). BRCAness was independently confirmed as a predictor of shorter EFS (HR = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.31–5.34; P = 0.007). About 13%–15% of patients, enriched for high-grade, higher-risk subtypes (P ≤ 0.0001), had strong expression of the Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS) suggestive of an inhibited antitumor immune response. TIS scores were strongly associated with TIL numbers (P &lt; 1e-30) but not with tumor mutation status.

Conclusions:
BRCA-related DNA repair deficiency and suppressed tumor immune responses may be clinically relevant predictors of endocrine therapy complementing treatment options in subgroups of hormone-sensitive early breast cancer.
Computerized Analysis of the Ventricular Fibrillation Waveform Allows Identification of Myocardial Infarction: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study for Smart Defibrillator Applications in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Thannhauser Jos , Nas Joris , Rebergen Dennis J. , Westra Sjoerd W. , Smeets Joep L. R. M. , Van Royen Niels , Bonnes Judith L. , Brouwer Marc A. 
Published: October 2020

Background
In cardiac arrest, computerized analysis of the ventricular fibrillation (VF) waveform provides prognostic information, while its diagnostic potential is subject of study. Animal studies suggest that VF morphology is affected by prior myocardial infarction (MI), and even more by acute MI. This experimental in‐human study reports on the discriminative value of VF waveform analysis to identify a prior MI. Outcomes may provide support for in‐field studies on acute MI.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective registry of implantable cardioverter defibrillator recipients with defibrillation testing (2010–2014). From 12‐lead surface ECG VF recordings, we calculated 10 VF waveform characteristics. First, we studied detection of prior MI with lead II, using one key VF characteristic (amplitude spectrum area [AMSA]). Subsequently, we constructed diagnostic machine learning models: model A, lead II, all VF characteristics; model B, 12‐lead, AMSA only; and model C, 12‐lead, all VF characteristics. Prior MI was present in 58% (119/206) of patients. The approach using the AMSA of lead II demonstrated a C‐statistic of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.54–0.68). Model A performance was not significantly better: 0.66 (95% CI, 0.59–0.73),
P
=0.09 versus AMSA lead II. Model B yielded a higher C‐statistic: 0.75 (95% CI, 0.68–0.81),
P
<0.001 versus AMSA lead II. Model C did not improve this further: 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67–0.80),
P
=0.66 versus model B.

Conclusions
This proof‐of‐concept study provides the first in‐human evidence that MI detection seems feasible using VF waveform analysis. Information from multiple ECG leads rather than from multiple VF characteristics may improve diagnostic accuracy. These results require additional experimental studies and may serve as pilot data for in‐field smart defibrillator studies, to try and identify acute MI in the earliest stages of cardiac arrest.
Driving mechanism of dragonfly’s wing flapping pattern for liquid circulation inside wing
Authors: Wang Yunjie , Yin Yajun , Zheng Gangtie , Yao Hongxiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Flying animals can inspire practical approaches to a more advanced way of flying. Dragonflies demonstrate a special flapping pattern in which their wings perform torsional movement while flapping, which is different from that of birds. This flapping pattern is referred to as nonsynchronous flapping in this article. We present a hypothesis that nonsynchronous flapping provides a driving force for enhancing the haemolymph circulation inside dragonfly wings. To support this hypothesis, a controlled experiment was designed and conducted with living dragonflies. By observing the liquid motion inside the vein within free flapping wings and restricted wings of living dragonflies, this hypothesis was supported. A mathematical model of the flapping wing was built and numerically studied to further support the function of the nonsynchronous flapping pattern in driving the circulation. With these studies, a theoretical explanation for the mechanism of enhancing the haemolymph circulation by nonsynchronous flapping was provided.
Spatial and species-level metrics reveal global patterns of irreplaceable and imperiled gecko phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Gumbs Rikki , Williams Rachel C , Lowney Anthony M , Smith Darrell 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) is increasingly recognised as a useful tool for prioritising species and regions for conservation effort. Increased availability of spatial and phylogenetic data for reptiles now facilitates their inclusion in phylogenetically-informed conservation prioritisation efforts. Geckos are a highly divergent and diverse clade that comprises almost 20% of global reptile diversity. Their global distribution is coincident with numerous anthropogenic threats, making them worthy of conservation prioritisation. Here, we combine phylogenetic, spatial distribution and extinction risk data for geckos with global human encroachment data to identify both regions and species representing irreplaceable gecko diversity at risk from human pressure. We show that high levels of irreplaceable gecko diversity are restricted to regions under intense human pressure, such as India, Sri Lanka and the Caribbean. There is a lack of extinction risk data for the western regions of Angola and Namibia, and yet these regions harbour high levels of irreplaceable diversity. At the species level, geckos display more unique PD than other lizards and snakes and are of greater conservation concern under our metric. The PD represented by Data Deficient geckos is at comparable risk to that of Endangered species. Finally, estimates of potential gecko diversity loss increase by up to 300% when species lacking extinction risk data are included. Our analyses show that many evolutionarily unique gecko species are poorly known and are at an increased risk of extinction. Targeted research is needed to elucidate the conservation status of these species and identify conservation priorities.