bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of serological and polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of viruses in Allium spp.
Authors: Putri C A , Hidayat S H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Infection of Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV), and Garlic common latent virus (GCLV) has been reported on Allium spp. in Indonesia. Serology methods using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) is a common method to detect viruses, while polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is popular as a molecular method to detect plant viruses nowadays. This research was conducted to assess the sensitivity of 3 detection methods, i.e. ELISA, DIBA and PCR for detecting viruses in Allium spp. Sensitivity level of each method was evaluated by diluting plant extract and antibody for ELISA and DIBA, and cDNA template for PCR. Result of this research showed that DIBA was able to detect OYDV, GCLV, and SYSV with plant extract dilution in the range of 10−1 to 10−2, and antibody dilution from 1:300 to 1:1000. ELISA seems to be more sensitive than DIBA because it was able to detect the same virus with plant extract dilution in the range of 10−1, 10−3, and 10−5, and antibody dilution from 1:300 to 1:1000. RT-PCR method was the most sensitive method compared to ELISA and DIBA because it has the highest accuracy, specification and sensitivity level. Specific DNA fragment was amplified using universal primers for Potyvirus and Carlavirus up to 10−3 and 10−4 dilution factor of cDNA respectively. Moreover, amplification using specific primers of OYDV, SYSV, and GCLV is more sensitive than using universal primers, because up to 10−5 dilution factor of cDNA was able to amplify virus target.
Shelf-life of Bacillus subtilis B298 inclusion in biopesticide microencapsule formula and its efficacy in suppressing anthracnose disease on chili
Authors: Prihatiningsih N , Erminawati  , Djatmiko H A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis B298 is an antagonistic bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of potatoes. It is capable in controlling diseases both caused by fungi and bacteria. Inclusion of B. subtilis B298 in biopesticide microencapsule formula (BMF) is an effort to extend its shelf life, which maintain its stability and relatively more resistant to environmental change conditions. This study aimed to determine the shelf life of B. subtilis B298 in BMF, and its effectiveness in BMF to suppress chili anthracnose disease. Application of B. subtilis B298 in BMF was conducted by chili seed coating for 24 hr, after seed sowing the biopesticide was applied again by watering the roots of plants, i.e. 10, 20 and 30 d after planting. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with 4 treatments (control, B. subtilis B298 BMF, fungicide and combination of B. subtilis B298 BMF and fungicide), each treatment was repeated 6 times. Variables observed were; B. subtilis B298 population in the BMF, the disease intensity and infection rate by Colletotrichum sp. The study showed that B. subtilis B298 in BMF was capable to survive for 5 wk with a population of 14.4 107 cfu/g and suppressed chili anthracnose by 53.71%.
Characterization of soil microbes in an indicated fusarium wilt-suppressive and -conducive soils in banana plantation at Sukabumi, West Java
Authors: Effendi Y , Khalish A , Pambudi A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Banana plants (Musa acuminata L.) on PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) VIII, Parakansalak, Sukabumi West Java plantation were indicated infected by panama wilt. This disease was caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) resulting the decreases fruit production and quality. However, healthy plants were found on the same areas. This condition may be caused by the differences of soil microbiomes that creates Foc-suppressive or -conducive soils. In this study, bacteria in suppressive (BH) and conducive (BS) soil samples were isolated, and characterized through several tests. The tests consisted of nitrogen fixation, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was done for identification of 26 bacterial isolates. Based on the sequences the bacteria were identified as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter and Lysinibacillus genus. Several isolates showed their potential as biological agents for Foc, i.e. Bacillus cereus (BH 1), B. cereus (BH 2), B. velezensis (BH 4), B. cereus (BH 7), B. cereus (BS 12), B. megaterium (BS 13), B.cereus (BS 15), B. thuringiensis (BS 18), B. vallismortis (BS 19), B. bingmayongensis (BS 20), B. toyonensis (BS 22) and B. pseudomycoides (BS 25).
Epidemiology of bacterial wilt disease on Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. in Indonesia
Authors: Siregar B A , Giyanto  , Hidayat S H , Siregar I Z , Tjahjono B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Productivity of forest plantation such as Eucalyptus pellita in Indonesia is strongly decreased by bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum Smith). However, studies of bacterial wilt disease on E. pellita in Indonesia is still inadequate, so several comprehensive research are required. This research was aimed to analyse the dominant silviculture factors and soil properties which can contribute to disease epidemiology. Observation on disease incidence was conducted by the transect method on 40 observation plots selected by the purposive random sampling in 4 provinces in Indonesia. Nine silviculture factors were collected by tracking the identity and the history of plot maintenance, while soil properties were analysed from soil samples. The correlation among disease incidence to silviculture factors and soil properties was carried out by chi-square and multiple regression analysis, respectively. Planting age, Eucalyptus clones, and root malformation were the top 3 of silviculture factors which has shown significant correlation to disease incidence. Early growth of Eucalyptus sp. plant was a critical period of the disease epidemic, especially in the susceptible clone. On the other hand, soil texture (percentage of sand, clay, and silt) were the dominant variables of soil properties which strongly affected the disease incidence.
Effect of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. in inhibiting Phytophthora palmivora growth in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Harni R , Amaria W , Mahsunah A H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by microorganisms or plants which are not directly involved to development and reproduction. The secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. are antibiotic compounds, enzymes, toxins, and hormones that inhibit the growth of plant pathogens. Phytophthora palmivora is a pathogen that causes black pod, leaf blight, and stem canker in cacao, which potentially reduce production up to 40%. This study was aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites against P. palmivora. Isolates of Trichoderma spp., i.e. T. virens LP1, T. hamatum LP2, T. amazonicum LP3, T. atroviride JB2, and T. viride PRD were cultured on vegetative and generative medium, then their secondary metabolites was extracted using butanol and ethyl acetate. Analysis of the extracts of secondary metabolite was performed using HPLC to determine their chromatogram profile. The secondary metabolites obtained were tested against P. palmivora using poisoned-medium method and cacao seedlings. In vitro inhibition activity, disease severity, and growth of cacao seedlings were observed. The results showed that extraction of the secondary metabolite using butanol produces more metabolites than those using ethyl acetate. Secondary metabolites of T. virens LP1 and T. amazonicum LP3, significantly inhibited P. palmivora growth up to 90.98%. In general, secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. can suppress P. palmivora infection (60.02%–70.00%) in cacao seedlings.
Stable inheritance of RF2a transgene integration in transgenic IR64 rice plants and evaluation of their tolerance against Rice tungro virus
Authors: Estiati A , Astuti D , Widyajayantie D , Nugroho S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rice tungro disease (RTD) is one of the devastating diseases in Asia, caused by simultaneous infection of Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). The spread of these viruses is difficult to control especially in areas with intensive rice planting. RF2a is a rice transcription vector, regulate the expression of RTBV promoter and is also important for rice development. The overexpression of RF2a in transgenic rice plants has been reported can reduce virus accumulation and leads to tolerance against tungro virus. Transformation of RF2a transgene into a commercial susceptible cultivar, IR64 had been conducted. Four trangenic rice lines at T1 and T2 generations have been obtained. Stable inheritance and expression of RF2a transgene in successive generations are an indication of the successful development of tungro-tolerant cultivars. Therefore, PCR analysis for RF2a transgene and bioassay on transgenic plants at T2 and T3 generations against tungro virus had been done. PCR analysis showed that the RF2a transgene which is indicated by the presence of hpt was stably inherited and several transgenic rice plants harboring the overexpressed RF2a are gaining tolerance to an Indonesian tungro Purwakarta isolate compared to the IR64 wild type under greenhouse conditions.
Effect of combination of biofertilizer and nanobiopesticide citronella against mosaic disease on patchouli plant
Authors: Noveriza R , Mardiningsih T L , Trisilawati O , Rahma H , Zulkarnaen  
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanobiopesticide citronella (Nano-BC) at 1% concentration was effectively reduced the intensity of mosaic disease and yield loss ranging from 23 to 43%. The mixed formulation ofSerratia marsescensAR1 andPseudomonas fluorescensLPK1-9 with cow manure (15 kg/tree) and 0.1% nanobiopesticide citronella were able to reduce 20 to 25% the intensity of vascular streak dieback disease (VSD). The combination between biofertilizer and Nano-BC is assumed to be able to reduce the intensity of patchouli mosaic virus and its insect vector and increase the resistance of patchouli plants to the disease. The objective of this study was to obtain a dose of biofertilizer (0, 100, 200, 300 g) and 1% Nano-BC that effectively controlling patchouli mosaic disease and their vectors in the field. Research was conducted on patchouli var Sidikalang at Laing Experimental Garden, Solok from January to December 2018. Application of 1% Nano-BC and 300 g biofertilizer per plant showed as the best combination to reduce the incidence and intensity of patchouli mosaic disease in the field. In addition, the highest content of P2O5was 39.00 ppm available in the soil, in which the efficacy rate ranged from 9.37 to 12.47%.
Fungi associated with Falcataria moluccana (L.) seed
Authors: Istikorini Y , Wulandari A S , Sari O Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Seeds are the most important input of any tree cultivation. Qualified seed is defined as one pure variety with high germination rate and free from pathogens. Qualified seed ensures good germination, rapid emergence, and vigorous growth. Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is one of the major forest trees in Indonesia, particularly in West Java. This study aimed to detect and identify fungi of F. moluccana seeds and to determine the pathogenicity of the isolates. The method of fungi isolation was blotter test with 7-8 d of incubation period. As much as 7 fungi isolates were obtained based on the method. The isolates were Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Botryodiplodia sp., Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium sp. and S5 isolate. A. flavus, A. niger and Penicillium sp. were found on sengon seeds in both treatments,with and without surface sterilization. Pathogenicity test showed that fungi within or on F. moluccana seeds had potential to be pathogens on seeds.
Are butterfly species useful indicators of ecosystem health in Bali Barat National Park?
Authors: Winarni N L , Afifah Z , Nuruliawati  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In 2015, Bali Barat National Park was chosen for a Rainforest Standard (RFS) demonstration project. As part of the requirement for the Protected Area Credit of the RFS, species or a group of species that can act as indicators of ecosystem health in Bali Barat National Park (BBNP) have to be identified. Butterflies was one of the taxa assessed for this purpose. A biological survey was conducted in Bali Barat National Park during August-September 2015. Butterfly species were surveyed using a modification of Pollard walk methods by recording species while walking along transects. A total of 82 butterfly species were recoded representing the families Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae. Forty-one species, 50 %, were from the family Nymphalidae and 21, 25 % from Pieridae. Nymphalidae and Pieridae was found to be correlated to vegetation structures. The selection process for indicator species was based on Indicator Value (IV) developed by Dufrene and Legendre (1997). Indicator Value uses both abundance and frequency to identify species that may be effective as indicators of ecosystem health. Most of the species with high IV values were associated with savanna vegetation, which is more open and often disturbed. The only Lycaenidae found with a high IV was Tarucus waterstradti, which may be considered as a potential indicator species. However, caution is needed in assessing the potential for butterflies to be used as indicator species because they are small and may be difficult to identify and there is a lack of trained observers in many parts of the tropics.
Borneo Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus habitat sustainability and its challenges
Authors: Siregar P G , Supriatna J , Koestoer R H , Harmantyo D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the current condition of landscape sustainability and its challenges in Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus habitat in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results of such a study assist researchers, planners and policymakers to formulate direction of regional development policy with mainstream the concept of sustainability into development practice. For evaluating landscape sustainability, this study deployed assessment through sustainable landscape index that has six assessment indicators, which are expected to reflect economic, social and environmental sustainability. The indicators are land use benefit and regional economy as the representation of economic indicators, fairness of land utilization and poverty conditions as the representation of social indicators as well as environmental service protection and biodiversity conservation as the representation of environmental indicators. The study shows the sustainability in landscape level appears to be balanced among the six indicators of evaluation, but in further detail, it shows the unfair use of land utilization and gaps between sub-landscapes. There is high dominated land ownership by private groups in the landscape. The utilization gap is also found where in coastal and middle sub-landscapes are utilized more economic-oriented. Contrarily, the upstream is dominated by protection utilization. The paper recommends that government should be seriously considers the carrying capacity concept in land allocation and initiate payment for environmental services or other incentive mechanisms for upstream districts to conserve and protect the remaining forests.
Modification and optimization of a microtiter plate (in-house plate coating) for immunoglobulin M (IgM) measles detection by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Authors: Annisa A F , Abinawanto  , Mursinah  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cases of measles infection in Indonesia are still widespread. Clinical measles infections can only be confirmed at the National Laboratory. The routinely used commercial testing kits are limited. This paper reports the development of a specific in-house plate coating with indirect ELISA. This method involves modifying and optimizing a microtiter plate with measles virus culture. Viral measles culture was obtained by growing it on the cell culture vero/hSLAM. The plate coating was optimized using a culture of measles virus with MO/2007/Jakarta and J/2010/Riau isolates in dilution of 1:1–1:2.048. The virus was inactivated at the time of coating. The indirect ELISA examination for the in-house plate coating was optimized for conjugate concentrations of 1:10, 1:25 and 1:50. The coating showed optimum results for detecting IgM measles at 1:16 dilution with MO/38/V/07 isolates in inactivation and examination of indirect ELISA using a 1:25 conjugate concentration.
Vegetation and carbon stock analysis of mangrove ecosystem in Pancer Cengkrong, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ashuri N M , Patria M P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Research has been conducted in March to July 2013 in the Mangrove Ecosystem Pancer Cengkrong, Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia. The objective was to obtain composition of mangrove vegetation and potential carbon stocks. There were three stations for composition of vegetation analysis. Potential carbon stock was calculated by allometric equations. The total of 26 species were identified (17 true mangroves and 9 association mangroves). The vegetation dominated by Sonneratia alba with an average density of 596 trees/ha, followed by Rhizophora apiculata (221 trees/ha) and Avicennia alba (149 trees/ha). The Saplings and seedlings dominated by Ceriops tagal (with average density of 1,745 Saplings/ha; 34,745 seedlings/ha). More than 75 % stand structure of mangrove have tree diameter of 4–9.9 cm. Total biomass and carbon stocks were 400.45 ton/ha and 185.81 ton/ha (equivalent to the total amount of CO2 uptake by 681.91 ton/ha). Sonneratia alba was tree that contribute the largest carbon storage.
The effects of the fortificant NaFeEDTA in tofu flour on red blood cell counts in male Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Safrina A , Anita N , Zulys A , Setiorini  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The effects of the fortificant NaFeEDTA in tofu flour on red blood cell counts in male Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) were examined. In total, 25 rats were divided into five groups as follows: normal control (NC), which was administered 0.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); treatment control (TC), which was administered 0.5 % CMC and unfortified tofu flour; and three treatment groups, which were administered 0.5 % CMC and tofu flour containing 2.7 (T1), 5.4 (T2), or 10.8 mg Fe/kg bw NaFeEDTA (T3). All five groups were treated for 14 consecutive days. Red blood cell counts were measured using an automatic hematology analyzer (Nihon Kohden Celltac α MEK-6450). One-way ANOVA revealed significant effects (P < 0.05) of NaFeEDTA on red blood cell counts in all treatment groups. A least significant difference test illustrated that the red blood cell count was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the three treatment groups than in the NC and TC groups. The largest increase of the red blood cell count was detected in the T2 group at t14, and the change reflected increases of 22.26 % versus the NC group and 20.24 % versus the TC group.
Formation of lateral roots and root hairs of Ciherang rice as a result of Nostoc colonization
Authors: Salamah A , Purwanti D , Innaza S , Hendrayanti D , Saefumillah A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We performed an interaction study between the cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. CPG24 and GIA13a and the roots of Ciherang rice (Oryza sativa var. Ciherang) in a hydroponic system. For this purpose,14-day-old rice seedlings were cultivated in 10× BG11 N-free, aerated liquid medium. The plants were incubated at room temperature and grown in a 12:12 light–dark cycle. To better understand the role of Nostoc colonization on root growth, we exposed the rice samples to four different treatments: P1 (0.4 g Nostoc CPG24 strain inoculum), P2 (0.4 g Nostoc GIA13a strain inoculum), K1 (no inoculation of Nostoc and IAA), and K2 (addition of 15 ppm IAA). Regardless of the strain, we found that Nostoc filaments were attached to the root surface, particularly in the regions of formation and elongation of lateral roots and root hairs. The root elongation and number of lateral roots were high under the K2 and P2 treatments, whereas they were substantially reduced under the P1 treatment. We demonstrate that the Nostoc strain GIA13a induces the formation of new lateral roots, whereas the Nostoc strain CPG24 stimulates the formation of root hairs.
Effects of NaFeEDTA in tofu flour on blood hemoglobin levels in male Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Ghaida R S , Anita N , Zulys A , Setiorini  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study examined the effects of the fortificant NaFeEDTA in tofu flour on blood hemoglobin levels in rats. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups, namely a normal control group (NC) fed standard chow, water, and 0.5 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); a treatment control group (TC) given standard chow, water, 0.5 % CMC and 0.45 g of tofu flour without NaFeEDTA; and three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) that were given standard chow, water, 0.5 % CMC, and 0.45 g of tofu flour containing 2.7, 5.4 or 10.8 mg Fe/kg bw of NaFeEDTA for 14 days. Hemoglobin levels were measured on days 0 and 4. One-way ANOVA illustrated that hemoglobin levels were higher in the treatment groups. A least significant different test revealed that blood hemoglobin levels in the treatment group were significantly different from those in the NC and TC groups, and those in the T2 group were also significantly different from those in groups T1 and T3.
The pattern of agricultural plant types based on cultivated land region and soil types in the Mount Patuha area
Authors: Sanjaya F R , Damayanti A , Semedi J M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is an agrarian country with agrarian society producing and maintaining crops and farmland. Most of the agrarian society in Indonesia is concentrated in the Java island. The Mount Patuha Area in West Java is considered to be a suitable area for agriculture. In May 2017, there has been erosion and major flood lately due to annual crop changed to seasonal crops in the Mount Patuha Area. This study aims to analyze spatially the suitability of agricultural plant types based on the WTU concept and soil types to prevent environmental damage from happening again and maintaining the sustainability of the agricultural sector. The Cultivated Land Region concept is also known as “Wilayah Tanah Usaha” (WTU) in Indonesia is an approach to manage agricultural land properly and sustainably based on the land elevation and slope as limiting factor from soil damage. Soil type also determines the plant suitability. This study is utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) to overlay spatial data in the form of a DEM, soil types, and land use. The results show that WTU category in Patuha Mount Area is dominated by Second Main Area and Second Restricted Area, with soil type dominated by cambisol and the dominant plant type is tea plantation. This study concluded that there are still many agricultural plant types that are not in line with the WTU concept. The WTU concept is suitable to be applied in the Mount Patuha area as long as the farmers can adapt their land management by balancing with soil conservation technique such as make terracing on steep slopes and maintaining the second restricted area in permanent vegetation conditions.