bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Grass Carp Population Characteristics Upstream and Downstream of Lock and Dam 19 of the Upper Mississippi River
Authors: Sullivan Christopher J. , Weber Michael J. , Pierce Clay L. , Camacho Carlos A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella have been intentionally stocked for aquatic vegetation control across the Midwestern United States for several decades. During the 1970s, escapement of Grass Carp into the Missouri River facilitated their naturalization into much of the Mississippi River basin, including the Upper Mississippi River. Lock and Dam 19 (LD19) in Keokuk, Iowa, is a high-head dam that represents a focal point for naturalized Grass Carp management where populations may differ between upstream and downstream pools as result of limited upstream migration, but potential differences between populations have yet to be evaluated to the best of our knowledge. The objective of this study was to compare the relative abundance, size structure, condition, growth, and recruitment variability of Grass Carp collected upstream and downstream of LD19. We sampled Grass Carp monthly (April–October) during 2014 and 2015 from four locations in the Des Moines River (downstream of LD19) and five locations throughout the Skunk, Iowa, and Cedar rivers (upstream of LD19) using boat electrofishing and trammel net sets. We captured 29 Grass Carp upstream of LD19 compared with 179 individuals captured downstream. Trammel nets only captured Grass Carp downstream of LD19; trammel net catch per unit effort upstream of LD19 was low and ranged from 0.0 to 8.0 fish/net lift (mean ± SE = 0.39 ± 0.13). Electrofishing catch per unit effort ranged from 0.0 to 22.7 fish/h (1.49 ± 0.30) and was higher downstream (2.42 ± 0.30) of LD19 than upstream (0.57 ± 0.07). Grass Carp downstream of LD19 tended to be smaller, younger, of lower body condition, had higher mortality rates, and were slower growing compared with those collected upstream and to populations documented in other systems. Understanding and monitoring adult Grass Carp population characteristics upstream and downstream of LD19 is necessary to determine how they may change in response to ongoing harvest efforts for invasive carps in these river reaches.
Implications of Post-Harvest Losses and Acreage Response of Selected Up-Country Vegetables from Nuwara-Eliya District in Sri Lanka on Sustained Food Security
Authors: Dharmathilake N. R. D. S. , Rosairo H. S. R. , Ayoni V. D. N. , Herath R. M. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Up-country vegetable sector is sensitive in achieving food security as a prominent sub sector within the Sri Lankan agriculture. But a high post-harvest loss (PHLs) along traditional supply chains and competitiveness of alternative crops are a couple of great challenges on availability of these vegetables. This study estimated PHLs of carrots, cabbage and leeks along the most prominent supply chain from Nuwara-Eliya to Dambulla Dedicated Economic Center followed by an acreage response analysis which has a timely importance. Research Method: The most prominent supply chain in Nuwara-Eliya district which has track record on highest production of up-country vegetables was identified by a pilot test. Multi stage purposive sampling technique was used to track key players and data on estimated PHLs were collected through questionnaire surveys. Acreage response analysis was done by secondary data with the application of Nerlovian expectation model. Findings: Incidence of PHLs of leeks was the highest (44%) and major contributing causes were trimming of lengthier but fresh leaves while bundling followed by mechanical damages. Incidence of PHLs of cabbage was 43% and mainly it was due to trimming of outer leaves. PHLs of carrots (30%) were mainly due to rots and mechanical damages. Acreage response analysis revealed that farmers were responsive to yester year prices of vegetables and potato; an alternative crop. Unit increase of vegetable price can increase the acreage of up-country vegetable by 0.21 hectares while unit increase of potato price can reduce acreage of up-country vegetables by 0.26 hectares. Research Limitations: This study was constrained a little bit by lack of time and logistical limitations. Originality/value: Relationships established between the scale of farming operation and the PHLs was a novel finding of this study. PHLs of upcountry vegetables along their common supply chain were also quantified. Policy formulations must be mainly focused on price controlling of vegetable crops to minimize the relative fluctuations in the extents cultivated and preventing high PHLs which may seriously affect food security of the country.
The Prostaglandin D2 Receptor CRTH2 Promotes IL-33–Induced ILC2 Accumulation in the Lung
Authors: Oyesola Oyebola O. , Duque Carolina , Huang Linda C. , Larson Elisabeth M. , Früh Simon P. , Webb Lauren M. , Peng Seth A. , Tait Wojno Elia D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are rare innate immune cells that accumulate in tissues during allergy and helminth infection, performing critical effector functions that drive type 2 inflammation. ILC2s express ST2, the receptor for the cytokine IL-33, and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2), a receptor for the bioactive lipid prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). The IL-33–ST2 and the PGD2–CRTH2 pathways have both been implicated in promoting ILC2 accumulation during type 2 inflammation. However, whether these two pathways coordinate to regulate ILC2 population size in the tissue in vivo remains undefined. In this study, we show that ILC2 accumulation in the murine lung in response to systemic IL-33 treatment was partially dependent on CRTH2. This effect was not a result of reduced ILC2 proliferation, increased apoptosis or cell death, or differences in expression of the ST2 receptor in the absence of CRTH2. Rather, data from adoptive transfer studies suggested that defective accumulation of CRTH2-deficient ILC2s in response to IL-33 was due to altered ILC2 migration patterns. Whereas donor wild-type ILC2s preferentially accumulated in the lungs compared with CRTH2-deficient ILC2s following transfer into IL-33–treated recipients, wild-type and CRTH2-deficient ILC2s accumulated equally in the recipient mediastinal lymph node. These data suggest that CRTH2-dependent effects lie downstream of IL-33, directly affecting the migration of ILC2s into inflamed lung tissues. A better understanding of the complex interactions between the IL-33 and PGD2–CRTH2 pathways that regulate ILC2 population size will be useful in understanding how these pathways could be targeted to treat diseases associated with type 2 inflammation.
THE HISTORY OF DEFERIPRONE (L1) AND THE COMPLETE TREATMENT OF IRON OVERLOAD IN THALASSAEMIA
Authors: Kontoghiorghes George J , Kleanthous Marios , Kontoghiorghe Christina N. 
Published: January 2020

Deferiprone (L1) was originally designed, synthesised and screened in vitro and in vivo in 1981 by Kontoghiorghes G J following his discovery of the novel alpha-ketohydroxypyridine class of iron chelators (1978-1981), which were intended for clinical use. The journey through the years for the treatment of thalassaemia with L1 has been a very difficult one with intriguing turn of events, which continue until today. Despite many complications, such as the wide use of L1 suboptimal dose protocols, the aim of chelation therapy- namely the complete removal of excess iron in thalassaemia major patients, has been achieved following the introduction of specific L1 and L1/deferoxamine combinations. Many such patients continue to maintain normal iron stores. As a result of the introduction of L1, thalassaemia has changed from a fatal to a chronic disease and thalassaemia patients are active professional members in all sectors of society, have their own families with children and grandchildren and their lifespan is approaching that of normal individuals. No changes in the low toxicity profile of L1 have been observed in more than 30 years of clinical use. Thousands of thalassaemia patients are still denied the cardioprotective and other beneficial effects of L1 therapy. The safety of L1 in thalassaemia and other non-iron loaded diseases resulted in its selection as one of the leading therapeutics for the treatment of Friedreich’s ataxia, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration and other similar cases. There are also increasing prospects for the application of L1 as a main, alternative or adjuvant therapy in many pathological conditions including cancer, infectious diseases and as a general antioxidant for diseases related to free radical pathology.
Dual energy CT and research of the bone marrow edema: Comparison with MRI imaging
Authors: Saba Luca , Filippo Massimo De , Saba Francesco , Fellini Federica , Marcy Pierre-Yves , Dagan Robert , Voituriez Philippe , Aelvoet Jacques , Klotz Gérard , Bernard Roland , Salinesi Valérie , Agostini Serge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) in the research of the bone marrow edema. Methods and Material: The MRI images of 100 patients with episodes of articular and or bone pains with or without traumatic lesion were prospectively evaluated during a period between March 2018 and February 2019. In the presence of bone marrow edema, a DECT was performed. The measurement of the density of the bone marrow edema in the DECT was compared with healthy bone in the same patient by two operators. Result: The DECT and MRI images of 15 patients with bone marrow edema were compared. The mean of pathologic bone marrow edema was 1008.20 (Standard Deviation (SD) 23.00), for healthy bone marrow 947.53 (SD 16.42), and t = 11.75, with a statistical significance P < 0.05 (Statistical significance 95%). The agreement between the measurements of the two radiologists has a statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The DECT presents an excellent diagnostic accuracy to detect the bone marrow edema, comparable to MRI. The utility of these recent possibilities is maximum where access to MRI is still very difficult.
De PAS-uitspraak zet geen streep door de ADC-toets
Authors: Visser C.J. (Christine) 
Published: January 2020

De PAS-uitspraak zet geen streep door de ADC-toets. Kunnen maatregelen die volgens de PAS-uitspraak niet in een passende beoordeling mogen worden betrokken wel een rol spelen in de ADC-toets?
In dit artikel bespreekt de auteur de vraag of maatregelen en autonome ontwikkelingen die blijkens de PAS-uitspraak niet mogen worden betrokken in de passende beoordeling op grond van art. 6, derde lid, van de Habitatrichtlijn wel een rol kunnen spelen in de ADC-toets op grond van art. 6, vierde lid, van de Habitatrichtlijn. Dit is interessant, omdat dit (bij een positief antwoord) de haalbaarheid van deze oplossingsrichting (al dan niet door toepassing in een nieuw programma) kan vergroten.
Reprise: naar een nieuwe coördinatieregeling in de Awb
Authors: Beurskens L.R.M.A. (Nard) , Ypinga J.H.N. (Jelmer) 
Published: January 2020

Reprise: naar een nieuwe coördinatieregeling in de Awb
In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs het voorstel voor een nieuwe coördinatieregeling in afdeling 3.5 van de Algemene wet bestuursrecht.
Morphological descriptions and morphometric discriminant function analysis reveal an additional four groups of Scylla spp
Authors: Fazhan Hanafiah , Waiho Khor , Quinitio Emilia , Baylon Juliana C. , Fujaya Yushinta , Rukminasari Nita , Azri Mohammad Farhan Darin , Shahreza Md. Sheriff , Ma Hongyu , Ikhwanuddin Mhd 
Published: January 2020

There are four species of mud crabs within the genus Scylla, and most of them live sympatrically in the equatorial region. Apart from a report in Japan about the finding of a natural Scylla hybrid more than a decade ago after the division of genus Scylla into four species by Keenan, Davie & Mann (1998), no subsequent sighting was found. Thus, this study investigates the possible natural occurrence of potential hybridization among Scylla species in the wild. A total of 76,211 individuals from mud crab landing sites around the Malacca Straits, South China Sea and Sulu Sea were screened. In addition to the four-purebred species, four groups (SH 1, n = 2, 627; SH 2, n = 136; SH 3, n = 1; SH 4, n = 2) with intermediate characteristics were found, mostly at Sulu Sea. Discriminant Function Analysis revealed that all Scylla species, including SH 1 - 4, are distinguishable via their morphometric ratios. The most powerful discriminant ratios for each character and the top five discriminant ratios of males and females were suggested. The carapace width of SH 1 males and females were significantly smaller than pure species. Based on the discriminant ratios and the description of morphological characters, we hypothesize that the additional four groups of Scylla with intermediate characteristics could be presumed hybrids. Future work at the molecular level is urgently needed to validate this postulate.
Germination Test of Shea Seeds (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) in Nursery on Substrates of Northern Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Alphonse Alui Konan , Nafan Diarrassouba , Didier Martial Yao Saraka 
Published: January 2020

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of some abiotic factors on the quality of seed germination of shea tree, a plant of great economic interest for the rural populations in Northern Côte d'Ivoire.
Study Design: The trials were conducted in a nursery where two factors were considered. These were the substrate, with six modalities and shelter with two modalities. Six small pits, each of size 60 x 60 cm, surface 3600 cm2 and 15 cm of depth were dug and then filled with different substrates.
Place and Duration of Study: The work was carried out in 2018 in the district of Korhogo in Northern Côte d'Ivoire.
Methodology: Each treatment received 36 seeds of shea tree giving a total of 216 seeds per test. The seeds used were all dark brown, ellipsoid in shape with masses ranging from 10 to 11 g. The experiment was carried out with a total of 12 treatments, six under a greenhouse hermetically covered with transparent polyethylene plastic and six under a shade made up of a rack covered with maximum Panicum leaves.
Results: The first germination was observed at the level of the organic manure treatment at 6 months of degradation installed under the greenhouse (ManB_G = 28 days). The lowest final germination rate was obtained with the organic fertilization at 3 months of degradation installed under the shade (FGP ManA_S = 2.95%) while the highest was observed in the sawdust installed under the greenhouse (FGP S_G = 64.18%).
Conclusion: It is concluded that for each substrate, soil or biowaste, the seeds of shea tree have a better ability to germinate under a greenhouse than under a shelter covered with straw.
Sources of Salmonella Infections in Selected Poultry Farms in Jos, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Sati N. M. , Emennaa P. E. , Okolocha E. C. , Kabir J. , Kazeem H. M. , Muhammad M. , Lettini A. A. , Fagbamila I. O. , Enurah L. U. 
Published: January 2020

Salmonella infections are not new in Nigerian farms and most times also, it is not clear whether the infections are coming from the hatcheries or they are acquired on the farms. The aim of this study was to determine the sources of salmonella infections in nine selected farms prior to fowl typhoid vaccine administration in order to suggest preventive measures towards minimizing or eradicating its occurrence in the farms and hatcheries. Samples taken at the hatcheries were dead chicks and faeces from chick boxes. These samples were processed and analysed for Salmonella species using standard microbiology methods. Four (44.4%) of the nine farms had Salmonella in the tissues of dead birds and/or in their faeces before the birds were introduced to the farms. Salmonella specie was also found two weeks later in faeces and feed in one out of the four farms. Subsequent visits yielded no Salmonella species in the previously infected farms. One of the selected farms whose chicks were Salmonella–free before reaching the farm eventually had Salmonella species isolated from the litter a few weeks later. A total of eleven isolates comprising four different serotypes (Salmonella oakland, S. enterica subsp enterica, S. bonariensis and S. kentucky) were encountered in this study that demonstrates the need for routine screening of breeder farms against infectious diseases, the regulation of activities in hatcheries and the practice of biosecurity on farms to reduce disease transmission to the barest minimum.
Four Facets to Know a Cancer Care-related Journal: An Example of Eur. J. Cancer Care (Engl.)
Authors: Hsieh Wan-Ting , Chien Tsair-Wei , Chou Willy 
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the journal features by collecting some data from Pubmed Central (PMC) and to interpret the characteristics of the journal for Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) (EJCC).
Methods: Selecting 1611 abstracts and their corresponding author names and keywords on September 3, 2017, from PMC, we analyzed data mentioned above to address following features: (1) Nation distribution and author collaborations; (2) Journal features represented by article keywords; (3) The most productive authors and their authorship clusters; (4) The top 10 journals most similar to EJCC. Microsoft Excel VBA routines were programmed to extract data from PMC. Rasch model and SNA Pajek software were used to present visualized displays for EJCC features.
Results: We found (1) the majority of the articles are from UK (28%) Australia (10%) and Sweden (5%); (2) The most linked Keywords are cancer and breast cancer; (3) The most productive author is R Sanson-Fisher; (4) The top one journal with the most similarity to EJCC is Support Care Cancer.
Conclusion: Social network analysis that provides wide and deep insight into the relationships among nations, coauthor collaborations, abstract keywords and journals most similar to EJCC was performed in this study. The results can be provided to strategy and decision making for the target journal in the future.
Incorporating Package Grinding Process for QFN Thin Device Manufacturing
Authors: Rodriguez Rennier S. , Gomez Frederick Ray I. 
Published: January 2020

Package thinning, down-scaling, and miniaturization are common interests among semiconductor industries, with each manufacturing site having different approach and technical directions in providing novelties in their products. The paper offers an innovative design of manufacturing flow to reduce the semiconductor package height of a Quad-Flat No-leads (QFN) device through the application of a specialized package grinding process. The process would significantly reduce the carrier thickness for the overall package height configuration of QFN. Through this integration, the common assembly barriers and defects related in producing thin devices are eliminated, thus thinner version manufacturing becomes more simplified and efficient.
Dose and blending fraction quantification for adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction based on low‐contrast detectability in abdomen CT
Authors: Zhou Yifang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThe utilization of iterative reconstruction makes it difficult to identify the dose‐noise relationship, resulting in empirical design of scan protocols and inconsistent conclusions on dose reduction for consistent image quality. This study was to quantitatively determine the dose and the blending fraction of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) based on the specified low‐contrast detectability (LCD).MethodsA tissue equivalent abdomen phantom and a GE discovery 750 HD computed tomography (CT) were utilized. The normality of the noise distribution was tested at various spatial scales (2.1–9.8 mm) in the presence of ASIR (10–100%) with a wide range of doses (2.24–38 mGy). The statically defined minimum detectable contrast (MDC) was used as the image quality metric. The parametric model decomposed the MDC into two terms: one with and the other without ASIR, each was related to the dose in the form of power law with factors and indices dependent on spatial scales. The parameters were identified by least‐square fitting to the experimental data. By considering the constraint of the blending fraction in the range of [0, 1], the dose and ASIR blending fraction were determined for any specified low‐contrast detectability (LCD), quantified by the MDC at the concerned lesion size.ResultsIt was verified that noise distribution is normal in the presence of ASIR. It was also found that the noises obtained from the subtractions of adjacent slices had an underestimate of 20% as compared to the ground truth noises, regardless of the spatial scale, pitch, or ASIR blending fraction. The least‐square fitting for the parametric model resulted in correlation coefficients from 0.905 to 0.996. The root‐mean‐square errors ranged from 1.27% to 7.15%.ConclusionThe parametric model can be used to form a look‐up‐table for dose and ASIR blending fraction. The dose choices may be substantially limited in some cases depending on the required LCD.
Subtle Polymer Donor and Molecular Acceptor Design Enable Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with a Very Small Energy Loss
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Feng Kui , Lee Young Woong , Woo Han Young , Zhang Guangjun , Peng Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new wide bandgap polymer donor, PNDT‐ST, based on naphtho[2,3‐b:6,7‐b′]dithiophene (NDT) and 1,3‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione (BDD) is developed for efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells. To better match the energy levels, a new near infrared small molecule of Y6‐T is also developed. The extended π‐conjugation and less twist of PNDT‐ST provides it with higher crystallinity and stronger aggregation than the PBDT‐ST counterpart. The higher lowest occupied molecular orbital level of Y6‐T than Y6 favors the better energy level match with these polymers, resulting in improved open circuit voltage (Voc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The high crystallinity and strong aggregation of PNDT‐ST also induces large phase separation with poorer morphology, leading to lower fill factor and reduced PCE than PBDT‐ST. To mediate the crystallinity and optimize the morphology, PNDT‐ST and PBDT‐ST are blended together with Y6‐T, forming the ternary blend devices. As expected, the two compatible polymers allow continual optimization of the morphology by varying the blend ratio. The optimized ternary blend devices deliver a champion PCE as high as 16.57% with a very small energy loss (Eloss) of 0.521 eV. Such small Eloss is the best record for polymer solar cells with PCEs over 16% to date.
Origin of Grain Size Effects on Voltage‐Driven Ferroelastic Domain Evolution in Polycrystalline Tetragonal Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Film
Authors: Yazawa Keisuke , Uchida Hiroshi , Blendell John E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrain size effects on electromechanical properties and voltage‐driven ferroelastic domain wall motion are a well‐known phenomenon in polycrystalline ferroelectrics. Here, the origin of the grain size effects on voltage‐driven ferroelastic domain wall motion is presented with the direct observation of ferroelastic domain evolution with applied DC voltage by piezoelectric force microscopy and polarization hysteresis loop. It is demonstrated that the microstructure parameter for controlling the voltage‐driven ferroelastic domain wall motion is the number of colonies of stripe domains in a grain rather than the grain size. Single colony grains do not show considerable out‐of‐plane (001) domain width change whereas multiple colony grains exhibit significant domain width increase with an applied DC voltage. No independent grain size effect on ferroelastic domain wall motion is observed in the grain size range 0.6–1.6 µm.