bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allocation of Scattered Teeth From a Batavia 1629 Communal Grave
Authors: Bower Robert , Knott Stephen , Shefi Deb , Souter Corioli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhen the Dutch ship Batavia wrecked in 1629 on Morning Reef in the Houtman Abrolhos Islands off the coast of Western Australia, most of the passengers and crew survived the wreck, but about 200 of the survivors later perished on and around Beacon Island where they had landed after the wreck. As many as 81 bodies may be buried on Beacon Island and 21 bodies have been excavated to date. During the 2017–2018 excavations, seven of the buried individuals were excavated from a communal grave. During the excavation, 18 teeth were found scattered in the soil around the bodies. A systematic method is presented to allocate isolated teeth to their appropriate skeleton using tooth morphology and tooth wear as the primary criteria for allocation. Tooth wear must be similar to the adjacent and opposing dentition before the tooth is considered for allocation. If the wear is similar, the tooth is gently fitted into the proposed tooth socket. The fit of the tooth in the tooth socket is visually assessed, and if close, the tooth is radiographed in situ to confirm the allocation. Each separated tooth must be tested in all the sites to which it is appropriate. If a tooth fits more than one site, it cannot be allocated. Use of this method allowed allocation of 10 separated teeth in 28 possible sites. The possible cause of the separation of teeth from the skeleton is discussed.
Overcoming underestimation of the share of colorectal cancer cases attributable to excess weight: a population‐based study
Authors: Mandic Marko , Safizadeh Fatemeh , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivePrevious research may have underestimated the relationship between overweight/obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by overlooking important potential sources of bias.MethodsWe used data from a large, population‐based case–control study encompassing 7098 CRC cases and 5757 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with comprehensive information on risk factors, including self‐reported body weight. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations of BMI with CRC risk before and after considering prediagnostic weight loss, history of lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, and potentially increased CRC risk beneath the overweight threshold (BMI 25 kg/m2). Subsequently, population attributable fractions were calculated.ResultsIn the standard analysis evaluating the BMI‐CRC association, in which none of the three aforementioned factors was considered, the fraction of CRC cases attributable to overweight and obesity was estimated to be 11.5%. This finding is consistent with estimates from previous studies, which mostly did not consider any of the three factors. However, when all three factors were considered in the analysis, a higher BMI was estimated to account for 23.4% of all CRC cases.ConclusionsCareful consideration of important sources of bias suggests that a substantially larger share of the CRC burden may be attributable to excess weight than previously thought.
Citizen science platforms can effectively support early detection of invasive alien species according to species traits
Authors: González‐Moreno Pablo , Anđelković Ana A. , Adriaens Tim , Botella Christophe , Demetriou Jakovos , Bastos Rita , Bertolino Sandro , López‐Cañizares Celia , Essl Franz , Fišer Živa , Glavendekić Milka , Herremans Marc , Hulme Philip E. , Jani Viola , Katsada Dimitra , Kleitou Periklis , La Porta Nicola , Lapin Katharina , López‐Darias Marta , Lozano Vanessa , Martinou Angeliki F. , Oldoni Damiano , Per Esra , Rorke Stephanie , Roy Helen E. , Schweinzer Karl‐Manfred , Swinnen Kristijn , Tricarico Elena , Vicente Joana R. , de Groot Maarten , Pocock Michael J. O. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Early detection and rapid response are essential to deal effectively with new introductions of invasive alien species (IAS). Citizen science platforms for opportunistic recording of species are increasingly popular, and there is potential to harvest their data for early detection of IAS, but this has not been tested.

We evaluated the potential of data from existing citizen science platforms for early detection of IAS by obtaining 687 first records of species from 30 European countries where there was both an official first record (i.e. published in scientific literature or by a government agency) and a record in a citizen science platform. We tested how the difference between the two (time lag) was related to species traits, popularity in citizen science platforms, public and research attention and regulatory status.

We found that for 50% of the time lag records, citizen science platforms reported IAS earlier than or in the same year as the official databases. Although we cannot determine causality (the first official record could have been from a citizen science platform, or contemporaneous with it), this demonstrates that citizen science platforms are effective for IAS early detection.

Time lags were largely affected by species traits. Compared with official records, vertebrates were more likely to have earlier records on citizen science platforms, than plants or invertebrates. Greater popularity of the IAS in citizen science platforms and its observation in neighbouring countries resulted in earlier citizen science reporting. In contrast, inclusion in the EU priority list resulted in earlier official recording, reflecting the efficacy of targeted surveillance programmes. However, time lags were not affected by the overall activity of citizen platforms per country.

Synthesis and applications. Multi‐species citizen science platforms for reporting nature sightings are a valuable source of information on early detection of IAS even though they are not specifically designed for this purpose. We recommend that IAS surveillance programmes should be better connected with citizen science platforms, including greater acknowledgement of the role of citizen scientists and better data flow from smaller citizen science initiatives into global databases, to support efficient early detection.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effect of laminae count and manufacturing methods on mechanical properties of thin‐ply woven composites
Authors: Kushwaha Shashank , Mahrous Mahmoud A. , Meyer Jacob L. , Chadha Charul , Jasiuk Iwona M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThin‐ply woven composites exhibit exceptional mechanical performance by delaying the onset of damage, making them suitable for high‐performance structural applications. This study outlines the impact of manufacturing techniques (vacuum bagging and hot pressing), ply count, and fiber waviness on the mechanical properties of aromatic thermosetting copolyester/carbon‐fiber (ATSP/CF) composites. The analysis encompasses several different ply counts, evaluating their effects on the in‐plane elastic modulus (0°–90°) and tensile strength. Results demonstrate that reducing the waviness (or crimp) ratio significantly enhances the in‐plane elastic modulus, with improvements up to 188%, highlighting the importance of fiber alignment. Vacuum bagging produced ply thicknesses from 128 to 58 μm for 1–36 plies, with in‐plane elastic moduli from 30.3 to 87.2 GPa, and 4‐ and 8‐ply samples showed approximately 40% higher stiffness than those made by hot pressing. ATSP resin with high thermal stability (up to 400°C) and recyclability was used. Furthermore, this study highlights the microstructural enhancements achieved through vacuum bagging, as revealed by scanning electron and optical microscopy, and micro‐computed tomography imaging. This paper provides insights into damage mitigation and achieving enhanced mechanical properties by controlling fiber waviness using vacuum bagging and higher ply count in thin‐ply ATSP/CF composites.Highlights
Crimp ratio reduction enhances elastic in‐plane elastic modulus up to 188%.
Vacuum bagging increases modulus over the hot pressing manufacturing method by 40%.
Lowering thickness‐per‐ply increases failure strain from 0.8% to 1.2%.
Explored the performance of a novel ATSP matrix with high recyclability and thermal stability.
Addressing Sample Mix‐Ups: Tools and Approaches for Large‐Scale Multi‐Omics Studies
Authors: Fu Yingxue , Yuan Zuo‐Fei , Wu Long , Peng Junmin , Wang Xusheng , High Anthony A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdvances in high‐throughput omics technologies have enabled system‐wide characterization of biological samples across multiple molecular levels, such as the genome, transcriptome, and proteome. However, as sample sizes rapidly increase in large‐scale multi‐omics studies, sample mix‐ups have become a prevalent issue, compromising data integrity and leading to erroneous conclusions. The interconnected nature of multi‐omics data presents an opportunity to identify and correct these errors. This review examines the potential sources of sample mix‐ups and evaluates the methodologies and tools developed for detecting and correcting these errors, with an emphasis on approaches applicable to proteomics data. We categorize existing tools into three main groups: expression/protein quantitative trait loci‐based, genotype concordance‐based, and gene/protein expression correlation‐based approaches. Notably, only a handful of tools currently utilize the proteogenomics approach for correcting sample mix‐ups at the proteomics level. Integrating the strengths of current tools across diverse data types could enable the development of more versatile and comprehensive solutions. In conclusion, verifying sample identity is a critical first step to reduce bias and increase precision in subsequent analyses for large‐scale multi‐omics studies. By leveraging these tools for identifying and correcting sample mix‐ups, researchers can significantly improve the reliability and reproducibility of biomedical research.
Research on the Safety Response Characteristics of Composite Charges Under Shock Wave Loading
Authors: Li Zhi‐peng , Lu Ying , Deng Chuan , Yu Wei , Tian Chao , Ji Chun‐liang , Hao Li‐xiao , Wen Yu‐shi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this work, reaction intensity diagnostic techniques such as self‐shorting electrical probes and witness plates were used to establish a new large‐scale gap test device, which can be used to effectively study the influence of shock wave pressure, confinement strength, and insensitive explosive layer thickness on the safety response under shock loading. Taking a composite charge consisting of a TATB‐based and an HMX‐based aluminized explosive as an example, the influence of shock wave pressure, shell confinement, and composite charge structure on the reaction intensity was studied in detail. The results show that the reaction intensity of the charge is positively correlated with the shock wave pressure, increases with the shell confinement strength, and decreases with the insensitive explosive layer thickness. For the same composite charge structure and confinement strength, the reaction intensity level of the charge increases with the shock pressure. When PBX‐5 is 40 mm thick and PBX‐6 is 60 mm thick, under initial pressures of 6.45, 3.61, and 1.51 GPa, the reaction levels are detonation, deflagration, and no reaction, respectively. Under the same shock pressure, the reaction intensity increases with the confinement strength and decreases with the insensitive explosive layer thickness. For the same composite charge structure and shock pressure (5 mm PBX‐5, 95 mm PBX‐6; 1.51 GPa shock pressure value), when the sleeve is 5 mm steel, 5 mm aluminum, 2 mm steel or weaker, the reaction levels are detonation, detonation, and no reaction, respectively. These results are helpful to the safety design of composite charges.
Robust Damage‐Sensing and Corrosion‐Warning Polymeric Coatings: a New Approach to Visually Monitor the Degradation Dynamics of Coated Mg‐Alloys
Authors: Cheng Li , Zhang Aimeng , Cao Lan , Deng Kangqing , Hou Peimin , Liu Chengbao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCorrosion and degradation of magnesium (Mg) alloy result in serious damage and limit its application in new‐energy automobile industry. Considerable protective coating is proposed, yet it is hindered by the difficulties in avoiding and visually monitoring coating micro‐damage and localized metal corrosion. Herein, a novel anticorrosion coating system with autonomously monitoring multiple levels of damages in coated Mg‐alloy system, is proposed. In this design, the top layer of coating consists of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microcapsules containing crystal violet lactone (CVL) and polyurethane resin dispersed with SiO2 nanoparticles. Upon surface damage, the presence of SiO2 triggers the chromogenic reaction of CVL liberated from ruptured microcapsules, resulting in an immediate blue coloration to highlight coating damage. Meanwhile, the primer coating incorporates PMMA microcapsules with a phenolphthalein (PHP) core, which timely reveals alkaline corrosion pits at Mg alloy/coating interface by generating pink coloration. Furthermore, the microcapsules‐embedded coating exhibits superior corrosion resistance. The failure evolution dynamics of coating‐Mg system, including both the external coating damage and internal localized corrosion, can be visually indicated. This work provides an innovative strategy to tailor and monitor the degradation of coated Mg alloys, thereby presenting promising prospects for application in automotive anticorrosion engineering.
Lewis Acid Sites Assisted PtCu/CeO2‐C Enabling High‐Performance for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Ren Yangyang , Li Beibei , Zhang Guichao , Lu Zunming , Li Lanlan , Yang Xiaojing , Zhang Xinghua , Yu Xiaofei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImprovement in the durable and active low‐Pt nanocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the essential target for clean energy. Herein, an efficient CeO2 supported PtCu alloy catalyst (PtCu/CeO2‐C) for ORR in acid media is developed. The CeO2 support can effectively anchor the PtCu particles and inhibit their migration during the long‐life cycling, which is beneficial to the catalytic performance. According to the electrochemical experiments, the specific and mass activities of PtCu/CeO2‐C are 1.09 mA cm−2 and 0.49 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V, which are 9.9 and 6.1 times as large as that of Pt/C, demonstrating its outstanding ORR activities in acid media. Moreover, the theoretical studies confirm that oxygen vacancies (VO) as Lewis acid sites can facilitate the adsorption and dissociation of O2, regulate the electronic structure of Pt, and thus endow PtCu/CeO2‐C with an efficient 4‐electron ORR pathway. The results suggest that the rational design of supported Pt‐based catalysts is of great significance for efficient ORR reaction.
Inflection of Resistive Switching Behavior in Atomically Precise Silver Cluster‐Assembled Materials
Authors: Alam Noohul , Rahaman Towhidur , Das Anish Kumar , Pal Arun K. , Datta Ayan , Ray Soumya Jyoti , Mondal Pradip Kumar , Polentarutti Maurizio , Mandal Sukhendu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBottom‐up design of electronic materials based on nanometer‐sized building blocks requires precise control over their self‐assembly process. Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) are the well‐characterized building blocks for crafting tunable nanomaterials. Here, a solution‐processed assembly of a newly synthesized molecular silver nanocluster (0 D Ag12‐NC) into a 1D nanocluster chain (1 D Ag12‐CAM) is mediated by 4,4′‐bipyridine linker Both 0 D Ag12‐NC and 1 D Ag12‐CAM consist of Ag12 core that adopts the cuboctahedron geometry protected by organic ligands. The resistive switching devices are fabricated in a sandwich‐like structure of ITO (Indium tin oxide)/X/Ag (where X is either 0 D Ag12‐NC or 1 D Ag12‐CAM). The device based on 1 D Ag12‐CAM exhibited excellent resistive switching behaviour, enduring up to 1000 cycles and boasting a fivefold higher Ion/Ioff ratio compared to the device based on the molecular 0 D Ag12‐NC nanocluster. Furthermore, the device based on 1 D Ag12‐CAM demonstrated negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomena, achieving a peak‐to‐valley ratio of 2.34 with a switching efficiency of 23 Ns. This work highlights the importance of interconnecting molecular nanoclusters into 1D nanocluster chains for fine‐tuning resistive memory properties in futuristic electronic appliances.
Nanoscale Projection Hard X‐ray Microscope for Operando Statistical Analysis of Chemical Heterogeneity in Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Jo Sugeun , Kim Hwiho , Kim Sangwoo , Nam Chihun , Lim Jongwoo , Lim Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the state of charge (SOC) within battery electrodes significantly impairs the rate capability and cycle life of lithium‐ion batteries. However, mapping this heterogeneity is challenging owing to the lack of experimental methods that quantify the SOC at the electrode scale, while also offering nanoscale resolution for in‐depth analyses of individual particles. Herein, this work reports an advanced projection X‐ray microscopy that combines nanometric resolution, a large field of view, and high chemical sensitivity using spectroscopic imaging. This method enables the operando imaging of SOC heterogeneity across electrodes containing numerous Ni‐rich layered oxide (NRLO) particles, while significantly lessening the radiation dose and maintaining rapid imaging speeds. This work characterizes the SOC heterogeneity in the degraded electrode with a cross‐section, thereby revealing the considerable heterogeneity in the battery degradation progresses at the individual‐particle‐level. Further, this work observes inter‐ and intra‐particle heterogeneity during NRLO particle calcination, thereby identifying rapidly oxidized particles that likely facilitate the calcination process.
Standardizing Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Forensic Processes
Authors: Kebande Victor R. , Ikuesan Richard A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the absence of standardized forensic processes presents substantial hurdles to effective investigations. As IIoT devices become ubiquitous in critical infrastructure, ensuring consistency and reliability in forensic procedures becomes imperative. This paper aims to front the critical need for standardized IIoT forensic processes, challenges, impact and industry and government roles in achieving this. The motivation for this study is underscored by recent incidents where the absence of standardization impeded forensic analysis, leading to delayed or inconclusive results. By proposing a taxonomy of forensic processes tailored to the IIoT landscape, this paper examines and reviews the challenges, impacts, and the roles of industry and government in achieving standardization. The proposed approach aims to significantly enhance the ability of investigators to conduct thorough forensic investigations, ultimately improving accountability, security, and resilience in IIoT ecosystems.
Caregiver‐reported increased food motivation and adiposity in dogs receiving antiseizure drugs
Authors: Morros‐Nuevo Anna , Packer Rowena M. A. , Regan Nicole , Raffan Eleanor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs and requires lifelong administration of antiseizure drugs (ASD). A decreased level of energy and increased food intake and weight gain have been described as long‐lasting side effects.MethodsWe assessed food motivation (FM), using the previously validated dog obesity risk assessment questionnaire, in dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy (n = 222) and healthy dogs (n = 7086) to determine if epilepsy and ASD were associated with increased FM and adiposity and decreased activity. We also assessed how caregivers managed weight gain in this population of dogs in the study.ResultsDogs with idiopathic epilepsy receiving ASD had significantly higher FM than healthy dogs. Their carers also reported significantly greater interventional effort and food restriction compared with healthy dogs, yet they had significantly higher adiposity. Minimal modelling showed that within the epileptic group, ASD had the highest impact on FM, with an effect size of 32%.LimitationsCarer‐reported data were used, which could have introduced bias. Furthermore, the sample size did not allow us to distinguish the effect of individual ASD.ConclusionsASD increases FM in dogs, resulting in greater adiposity.
Towards a Quantum Theory
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the final Chapter of this book we present an overview of recent and ongoing work, taking the first steps towards a quantum theory for noncommutative geometry. Indeed, in the applications to particle physics phenomenology one applies the usual, physicist’ textbook renormalization group methods to the spectral action, in order to arrive at couplings and mass parameters at lower energy. And even though the appearance of such experimentally testable results from a geometrical framework valid at high-energies is very intriguing, this step remains a weak point of the noncommutative approach to particle physics. In other words, it means that in the passage to the quantum theory one looses the elegant spectral and unifying picture that one started with.
Finite Noncommutative Spaces
Authors: van Suijlekom Walter D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this chapter (and the next) we consider finite discrete topological spaces. However, we will stretch their usual definition, which is perhaps geometrically not so interesting, to include the more intriguing finite noncommutative spaces. Intuitively, this means that each point has some internal structure, described by a particular noncommutative algebra. With such a notion of finite noncommutative spaces, we search for the appropriate notion of maps between, and (geo)metric structure on such spaces, and arrive at a diagrammatic classification of such finite noncommutative geometric spaces.
Balancing Sustainability Elements
Authors: Zhao Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo protect sustainable development interests, WTO panels must consider all relevant elements. These elements vary according to different sustainable development interests. This chapter outlines the factors that WTO panels must consider when balancing these diverse interests. To avoid redundancy, I categorise these factors into four groups based on the TSDCs. They involve (1) poverty eradication and inequality reduction, (2) food security and sustainable agriculture, (3) human health and life, and (4) climate change, the ocean, and clean energy. This chapter explains how WTO panels avoid undermining any SDGs when reviewing the legality of domestic measures related to various SDGs. In other words, it addresses how to ensure that WTO members pursue one TSDC without violating others using the sustainability test. The findings in this chapter are based on a critical analysis of WTO jurisprudence. Therefore, each section will first explore the SDGs related to a TSDC, their relevance to WTO dispute settlement, and the issues in existing cases before indicating how WTO panels should balance these factors when implementing the sustainability test.