bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vanadyl Phosphates AxVOPO4 (A = Li, Na, K) as Multielectron Cathodes for Alkali‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chernova Natasha A. , Hidalgo Marc Francis V. , Kaplan Carol , Lee Krystal , Buyuker Isiksu , Siu Carrie , Wen Bohua , Ding Jia , Zuba Mateusz , Wiaderek Kamila M. , Seymour Ieuan D. , Britto Sylvia , Piper Louis F. J. , Ong Shyue Ping , Chapman Karena W. , Grey Clare P. , Whittingham M. Stanley 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVanadyl phosphates comprise a class of multielectron cathode materials capable of cycling two Li+, about 1.66 Na+, and some K+ ions per redox center. In this review, structures, thermodynamic stabilities, and ion diffusion kinetics of various AxVOPO4 (A = Li, Na, K, NH4) polymorphs are discussed. Both the experimental data and first‐principle calculations indicate kinetic limitations for alkali metal ions cycling, especially between for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, and metastability of phases with x > 1. This creates challenges for multiple‐ion cycling, as the slow kinetics call for nanosized particles, which being metastable and reactive with organic electrolytes are prone to side reactions. Thus, various synthesis approaches, surface coating, and transition metal ion substitution strategies are discussed here as possible ways to stabilize AxVOPO4 structures and improve alkali metal ion diffusion. The role of advanced characterization techniques, such as X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, diffraction, pair distribution function analysis and 7Li and 31P NMR, in understanding the reaction mechanism from both structural and electronic points of view is emphasized.
A Fully Functional Universal Self‐Chargeable Power Module for Portable/Wearable Electronics and Self‐Powered IoT Applications
Authors: Maharjan Pukar , Bhatta Trilochan , Cho Hyunok , Hui Xue , Park Chani , Yoon Sanghyuk , Salauddin Md , Rahman Muhammad Toyabur , Rana SM Sohel , Park Jae Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRealization of self‐charging, miniaturized, portable, high output, and sustainable energy harvesting devices with wide application areas and good storage under a realistic environment remains a challenge. Herein, a universal self‐chargeable power module (USPM) is presented that can efficiently harvest human bio‐mechanical energy, ocean wave blue energy, and automobile vibration energy. By implementing a multiple spring‐based mechanical coupling design, the hybrid electromagnetic‐triboelectric generator shows high performance despite miniaturization under very low acceleration (≤1 g) and low frequency (≤6 Hz) vibration. The electromagnetic performance is further optimized by using a soft magnetic material‐based flux concentrator while electrospun nanofibers enhance the triboelectric performance. The USPM is a compactly designed device including a power management circuit, a battery charging circuit, built‐in rechargeable storage, and a USB‐C outlet, providing a direct current power of maximum 34.11 mW. Experimental results show remarkable performance in the context of harvesting biomechanical energy from walking, running, cycling and demonstrates real‐time charging of smartphones, earbuds, and smart bands. Similarly, it demonstrates the capability of harvesting blue energy and powering a wireless water health monitoring system using a polyaniline/laser‐induced graphene/polydimethylsiloxane based pH sensor. Moreover, it successfully scavenges automobile vibration energy and demonstrates a self‐powered wireless in‐car environment monitoring system.
A phase 1b study of once‐weekly carfilzomib combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Alsina Melissa , Landgren Ola , Raje Noopur , Niesvizky Ruben , Bensinger William I. , Berdeja Jesus G. , Kovacsovics Tibor , Vesole David H. , Fang Belle , Kimball Amy S. , Siegel David S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwice‐weekly carfilzomib with lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (Rd) is an effective regimen for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). Here we evaluated once‐weekly carfilzomib with Rd (once‐weekly KRd) in NDMM patients. The NDMM patients were enrolled regardless of transplant eligibility. Patients received carfilzomib on days 1, 8, and 15; lenalidomide 25 mg on days 1‐21; and dexamethasone 40 mg on carfilzomib days (also day 22 for cycles 1‐8) for ≤18, 28‐day cycles. Enrollment initiated in a carfilzomib 20/70 mg/m2 (20 mg/m2 on cycle one, day 1; 70 mg/m2 thereafter) NDMM dose‐expansion arm, which was suspended because of serious adverse events. After evaluation of dose‐limiting toxicities in a two‐step‐up dose‐evaluation cohort, an NDMM dose‐expansion arm (carfilzomib 20/56 mg/m2) was opened. Fifty‐one NDMM patients were enrolled in dose‐finding and dose‐expansion cohorts. Results are presented for the carfilzomib 56 mg/m2 NDMM dose‐expansion arm (n = 33). The grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent AE (TEAE) rate was 63.6%. Twenty‐five patients underwent stem cell collection; 18 proceeded to auto stem cell transplant, and five resumed KRd on study after autoSCT. The overall response rate (ORR) based on best overall response by cycle four was 97.0% (≥very good partial response [VGPR], 69.7%) in the NDMM 20/56 mg/m2 cohort. In patients who did not receive autoSCT (n = 15), the median number of cycles was 16.0; ORR was 93.3% (≥VGPR, 80.0%). At a median follow‐up of 8.1 months, median progression‐free survival was not reached. Once‐weekly KRd (carfilzomib 56 mg/m2) had a favorable safety profile and promising activity in NDMM, supporting the use of this regimen in this setting.
Effect of Azobenzene Regioisomerism on Intrinsically Curved Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Tamaki Kenta , Datta Sougata , Tashiro Keigo , Isobe Atsushi , Silly Fabien , Yagai Shiki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSupramolecular polymerization of two regioisomeric naphthalene‐azobenzene dyads bearing barbituric acid and tri(dodecyloxy)phenyl units were studied in nonpolar solvent. Supramolecular polymers of the two compounds differ considerably in their topologies. While the isomer of which azobenzene unit was introduced along to its longer molecular axis formed randomly coiled supramolecular polymers with intrinsic curvature, the other of which azobenzene unit was introduced along to its shorter molecular axis formed linearly extended supramolecular polymers. Furthermore, due to their different degrees of geometrical changes accompanied with photoisomerization of the azobenzene unit, only the former showed a large topological change upon photo‐irradiation. The different structural and photoresponsive properties can be attributed to the distinct geometries of supermacrocyclic hydrogen‐bonded intermediates (rosettes).
Impact of non‐pharmaceutical interventions for the COVID‐19 pandemic on emergency department patient trends in Japan: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Sekine Ichiro , Uojima Haruki , Koyama Hiroshi , Kamio Tadashi , Sato Morihiko , Yamamoto Tadatsugu , Fukaguchi Kiyomitsu , Fukui Hiroyuki , Yamagami Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

AimThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic massively impacted emergency department (ED) visits. The unavailability of specific therapies or vaccines has made non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) an alternative strategy for COVID‐19. We assessed the impact of NPIs (nationwide school closures and state of emergency) on ED visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan.MethodsThis retrospective study compared the trends in ED visits from 1 January to 25 May, 2020 (during the pandemic) with the average during 2015–2019 (before the pandemic). The primary end‐point was the change in the number of ED visits during the COVID‐19 pandemic with those from before the pandemic, with the NPI application stratified across four periods in 2020: Period 0 (1–15 January), no COVID‐19 cases detected in Japan; Period I (16 January–1 March), initial COVID‐19 outbreak; Period II (2 March–15 April), nationwide school closures; Period III (16 April–25 May), state of emergency.ResultsCompared with before the pandemic, the number of walk‐in ED visits significantly decreased by 23.1%, 12.4%, and 24.0% (4,047 versus 3,111; 3,211 versus 2,813; and 3,384 versus 2,573; P < 0.001 for all) in Periods I, II, and III, respectively. The number of ambulance ED visits during the pandemic significantly increased by 8.3% in Period I (1,814 versus 1,964, P = 0.002), whereas there was no significant change in Periods II and III with 2.7% and −3.1% (1,547 versus 1,589 and 1,389 versus 1,346; P = 0.335 and P = 0.284, respectively).ConclusionsThe application of an NPI during the COVID‐19 pandemic could have significantly reduced patient attendance in the ED.
Atomic‐Level Modulation of Electronic Density at Cobalt Single‐Atom Sites Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks: Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Performance
Authors: Chen Yuanjun , Gao Rui , Ji Shufang , Li Haijing , Tang Kun , Jiang Peng , Hu Haibo , Zhang Zedong , Hao Haigang , Qu Qingyun , Liang Xiao , Chen Wenxing , Dong Juncai , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDemonstrated here is the correlation between atomic configuration induced electronic density of single‐atom Co active sites and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance by combining density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemical analysis. Guided by DFT calculations, a MOF‐derived Co single‐atom catalyst with the optimal Co1‐N3PS active moiety incorporated in a hollow carbon polyhedron (Co1‐N3PS/HC) was designed and synthesized. Co1‐N3PS/HC exhibits outstanding alkaline ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.920 V and superior ORR kinetics with record‐level kinetic current density and an ultralow Tafel slope of 31 mV dec−1, exceeding that of Pt/C and almost all non‐precious ORR electrocatalysts. In acidic media the ORR kinetics of Co1‐N3PS/HC still surpasses that of Pt/C. This work offers atomic‐level insight into the relationship between electronic density of the active site and catalytic properties, promoting rational design of efficient catalysts.
Room‐Temperature Bistability in a Ni–Fe Chain: Electron Transfer Controlled by Temperature, Pressure, Light, and Humidity
Authors: Reczyński Mateusz , Pinkowicz Dawid , Nakabayashi Koji , Näther Christian , Stanek Jan , Kozieł Marcin , Kalinowska‐Tłuścik Justyna , Sieklucka Barbara , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Nowicka Beata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBistable and stimuli‐responsive molecule‐based materials are promising candidates for the development of molecular switches and sensors for future technologies. The CN‐bridged {NH4[Ni(cyclam)][Fe(CN)6]⋅5 H2O}n chain exists in two valence states: NiII‐FeIII (1HT) and NiIII‐FeII (1LT) and shows unique multiresponsivity under ambient conditions to various stimuli, including temperature, pressure, light, and humidity, which generate measurable response in the form of significant changes in magnetic susceptibility and color. The electron‐transfer phase transition 1LT↔1HT shows room‐temperature thermal hysteresis, can be induced by irradiation, and shows high sensitivity to small applied pressure, which shifts it to higher temperatures. Additionally, it can be reversibly turned off by dehydration to the {NH4[NiII(cyclam)][FeIII(CN)6]}n (1 d) phase, which features the NiII‐FeIII valence state over the whole temperature range, but responds to pressure by yielding NiIII‐FeII above 1.06 GPa.
Electrosynthesis of Nitrate via the Oxidation of Nitrogen on Tensile‐Strained Palladium Porous Nanosheets
Authors: Han Shuhe , Wang Changhong , Wang Yuting , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNitrate is one of the essential raw ingredients in agriculture and industry. The electrochemical nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) is promising to replace the conventional nitrate synthesis industry with high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission. Here, tensile‐strained palladium porous nanosheets (Pd‐s PNSs) were prepared. They exhibited enhanced activity for electrochemical NOR at ambient conditions, greatly outperforming Pd nanosheets. 15N isotope labeling experiments proved that nitrate originated from nitrogen oxidation. Combining electrochemical in situ Raman and FTIR spectroscopy with density functional calculations, it was revealed that the tensile strain could facilitate the formation of NOR active species of PdO2, leading to high activity.
Molecular dynamics study on the dissolution behaviors of poly(vinyl acetate)‐polyether block copolymers in supercritical CO2
Authors: Gong Houjian , Gui Wenyu , Zhang Hao , Lv Wei , Xu Long , Li Yajun , Dong Mingzhe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) could be dissolved in CO2 at a high pressure, which limits its application. In this work, the PVAc‐polyether block copolymers were constructed by introducing the CO2‐philic blocks poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) into the PVAc molecules to increase the solubility of these polymers in supercritical CO2 (scCO2). The dissolution behaviors of PVAc‐polyether copolymers with different structures in scCO2 were investigated by the molecular dynamic simulation methods. First, the cohesive energy and solubility parameters of PVAc, PVAc‐PEO, and PVAc‐PPO copolymers were analyzed. Moreover, the mechanism of PVAc‐polyether copolymers dissolving in CO2 was investigated. The results show that PVAc‐PPO molecules have a higher solubility in CO2 because they have lower polymer–polymer and higher polymer‐CO2 interactions than PVAc and PVAc‐PEO. Among the three structures of PVAc‐PPO molecules, PVAc‐PPO‐PVAc (VPV) has a highest solubility in CO2. Therefore, the molecular composition and structure have greatly influences on the interactions of polymer and CO2.
Graphene/nanorubber reinforced electrically conductive epoxy composites with enhanced toughness
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xue Hongqian , Guo Shuang , Cao Meng , Cong Fanglin , Araby Sherif , Meng Qingshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGraphene platelets (electrically conductive 2D filler) and rubber nanoparticles (0D soft filler) can work together to develop electrically conductive and toughened epoxy composite adhesives. In this study, complementing effect between graphene platelets (GnPs) and rubber nanoparticles (RnPs) within an epoxy matrix is reported. In the 3‐phase composite adhesive, the 2D graphene platelets form global conductive network and rubber nanoparticles provide a viscoelastic phase inside the epoxy, both complementing each other to develop electrically conductive and toughened epoxy composite adhesives. Fracture toughness (K1c) and critical strain energy release rate (G1c) of the epoxy were augmented by 422% and 872%, respectively by adding 1 wt% RnPs and it recorded electrical percolation threshold at 0.78 vol% GnP. Also, the Young's modulus and strength of epoxy/1 wt% RnP composite were promoted from 1.57 to 2.32 GPa when 1 wt% GnP is added. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was conducted to investigate the toughening mechanism of epoxy/RnP/GnP and epoxy/GnP composites. Lap shear strength tests on epoxy composite adhesives confirm the reinforcement effect of GnPs and toughness effect of RnPs.
Soluble network polymers based on trifluoropropyl‐substituted open‐cage silsesquioxane: Synthesis, properties, and application for surface modifiers
Authors: Li Lina , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFluorinated completely condensed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (F‐CC‐POSSs) are widely utilized as surface modifiers for polymeric materials because of their polyhedral and fluorine‐rich structures, which generate polymers with lower surface energies under molecular‐level control. In contrast, their derivatives, fluorinated incompletely condensed or open‐cage POSSs (F‐IC‐POSSs), have similarly intriguing structures, but their utilization for polymer synthesis remains undeveloped. Herein, fluorinated network polymers were prepared based on a 3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl‐substituted IC‐POSSs via hydrosilylation polymerization with isobutyl‐ and phenyl‐substituted IC‐POSS under optimized conditions. In addition to their good thermal stability and tunable refractive indices, these polymers exhibited solution processability and their casting films showed excellent optical transparency, indicating their potential for constructing fluorinated polymers. Their utilization as surface modifiers was examined by addition to poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) films. Intriguingly, modified PMMA films with 2.0 and 0.5 wt% addition showed similar hydrophobicity and surface energies to the films prepared with only fluorinated network polymers.
On the use of cellulose nanowhisker as reinforcement in all‐cellulose composite membrane from corn stalk
Authors: Wu Lishun , Tian Fangjun , Sun Junfen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAll‐cellulose composite (ACC) membranes were prepared with cellulose and cellulose nano whisker (CNW) extracted from corn stalk by using NaOH/thiourea as solvent. CNW was isolated via acid hydrolysis method and the yield, size distribution and morphology of CNW were investigated. ACC Membranes were characterized via SEM, XRD, TGA as well as water flux and were further plasticized with glycerol aqueous solution. The mechanical property and transparency of ACC membranes before and after plasticization were compared. CNW prepared with 63% sulfuric acid for 60 min of hydrolysis time had the biggest ratio of length to diameter and moderate yield. ACC membrane with 5% CNW content had the highest tensile strength and the structure of ACC membranes was observed clearly in SEM images. TGA testing indicated that the initial degradation temperature tended to lower after CNW was introduced into membrane. ACC membrane had good optical transmittance and good flexibility after plasticization.
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the north‐western Adriatic Sea: Spatial distribution and effects of trawling
Authors: Bonizzoni Silvia , Furey Nathan B. , Bearzi Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany species and populations of odontocetes have modified their behaviour to take advantage of feeding opportunities provided by fishing activities, with depredation of fishing gear being the most common type of adaptation.The northern Adriatic Sea has been identified as an important marine mammal area because of a regular occurrence of common bottlenose dolphins. Boat surveys were conducted within a 3,000 km2sector of the Adriatic Sea off the coast of Veneto, Italy, between April and October 2018–2019. Based on 76 days at sea, 10,711 km of navigation, and 81 h 26 min of dolphin tracking, this study contributes novel quantitative information on dolphin spatial distribution, and on their occurrence in the wake of beam trawlers, otter trawlers, and midwater pair trawlers.A combined generalized additive model and generalized estimation equation framework indicated that trawling—along with other physiographic, biological and anthropogenic variables—influenced dolphin distribution. In days of trawling, the chance of encountering dolphins increased by ~4.5 times (95% confidence interval 1.8–11.0) near active beam trawlers, by ~16.0 times (7.1–36.0) near otter trawlers, and by ~28.9 times (12.0–69.6) near midwater pair trawlers.Spatial modelling was used to create maps of predicted distribution, suggesting differences in habitat use between trawling and no‐trawling days. Spatial modelling for all days identified a dolphin distribution hotspot of 832 km2, situated off the Po river delta.Evidence contributed by this study can be used to inform management action within one of the world's areas most heavily impacted by fishing and other human encroachment. Such management action would help enforce the European Union's Habitats Directive and Marine Strategy Framework Directive, while also informing EU's Maritime Spatial Planning.
Mitochondrial evolution in the entomopathogenic fungal genus Beauveria
Authors: Glare Travis , Campbell Matt , Biggs Patrick , Winter David , Durrant Abigail , McKinnon Aimee , Cox Murray 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecies in the fungal genus Beauveria are pathogens of invertebrates and have been commonly used as the active agent in biopesticides. After many decades with few species described, recent molecular approaches to classification have led to over 25 species now delimited. Little attention has been given to the mitochondrial genomes of Beauveria but better understanding may led to insights into the nature of species and evolution in this important genus. In this study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of four new strains belonging to Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria caledonica and Beauveria malawiensis, and compared them to existing mitochondrial sequences of related fungi. The mitochondrial genomes of Beauveria ranged widely from 28,806 to 44,135 base pairs, with intron insertions accounting for most size variation and up to 39% (B. malawiensis) of the mitochondrial length due to introns in genes. Gene order of the common mitochondrial genes did not vary among the Beauveria sequences, but variation was observed in the number of transfer ribonucleic acid genes. Although phylogenetic analysis using whole mitochondrial genomes showed, unsurprisingly, that B. bassiana isolates were the most closely related to each other, mitochondrial codon usage suggested that some B. bassiana isolates were more similar to B. malawiensis and B. caledonica than the other B. bassiana isolates analyzed.
Protective effect of corynoline in a murine allergic rhinitis model via inhibition of caspase‐1/NF‐κB
Authors: Wei Li , Ren Dan , Zhao Guna , Zhao Lin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a serious public health concern worldwide. Therefore, the present study was conducted to scrutinize the protective effect of corynoline (COR) against ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced AR in BALB/c mice. The effect of COR was investigated on various parameters, such as nose‐rub score, histamine intensity, level of cytokines, and NF‐κB binding activity. It was found that COR causes a significant reduction in the nose‐rub score with a reduction in histamine intensity. It also causes reductions in cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and MIP‐2, in comparison to OVA‐challenged mice. COR reduces the gene expression of active caspase‐1 in Western blot analysis, together with inhibition of NF‐κB binding activity. The inhibitory effect on NF‐κB binding was further substantiated by docking analysis, where COR excellently docked into the active site of NF‐κB via the creation of H‐bond and π–cation interactions with Lys145. Taken altogether, our results demonstrated that COR could be used as a potential therapeutic agent against AR.
Facile development of photochromic cellulose acetate transparent nanocomposite film immobilized with lanthanide‐doped pigment: ultraviolet blocking, superhydrophobic, and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Khattab Tawfik A. , El‐Naggar Mehrez E. , Abdelrahman Meram S. , Aldalbahi Ali , Hatshan Mohammad Rafe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmart photochromic and fluorescent products can respond to an external stimulus by changing their colour and emission spectra with light. Here, we developed a simple formulation of an organic–inorganic nanocomposite photoluminescent cellulose acetate (CA) film based on immobilization of a lanthanide‐doped pigment. Strontium aluminium oxide pigment doped with Eu2+and Dy3+(SAOED) exhibits an optimal excitation wavelength at 365 nm. For better fabrication of the multifunctional colourless pigment–cellulose acetate composites (CA–SAOED), the lanthanide‐doped colourant must be well‐dispersed physically without agglomeration. The fabricated photoluminescence cellulose film exhibited an excitation peak at 436 nm and two fluorescence peaks at 494 and 524 nm. The findings revealed that the originated nanocomposite films demonstrated improved superhydrophobic activity, high ultraviolet light protection and enhanced antibacterial activity without adversely influencing its native physico‐mechanical characteristics. The films demonstrated fast and reversible photochromic responsiveness without fatigue during ultraviolet light irradiation.