bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive fluid flow simulation in computer graphics using incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Hassaballah M. , Aly Abdelraheem M. , Abdelnaim A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInteractive simulations of fluids flow play an important role in several computer graphics‐based applications such as computer games, computer animation, movie industry, and virtual realities. The incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) model is a promising numerical scheme for large‐scale and large‐deformation simulations, where the pressure can be determined precisely by solving pressure Poisson equation (PPE). The three main shortcomings of the ISPH scheme are oscillating pressure, particles disorders, and particles penetrations through rigid boundary. In this paper, the stable pressure is obtained from modifications in the source term of PPE, in which the divergence‐free velocity condition plus density‐invariance condition multiply by a relaxation coefficient are included. The particles disorders are solved via utilizing a shifting technique with the current treatment of source term in PPE. Additionally, the dummy boundary particles are used for the rigid boundary treatment. For getting enough pressure on the boundary, the Neumann boundary condition is satisfied during the implicit solving processes. The performance of the stabilized ISPH model is tested on various numerical simulations with largely distorted free surface including liquid sloshing problems, fluid–fluid and fluid–structure interactions, and dam‐break flows. To extend the applicability of the stabilized ISPH model, the post process including visual realism with a highly rendering scheme is coupled. The coupled scheme introduces several simulations including free falling of a rigid body, water splashes, and dam break analysis. Furthermore, the proposed ISPH‐based method enables efficient and viscous fluid simulations with large time steps, higher viscosities, and resolutions, and it is a robust scheme in long interval simulations of nonlinear free‐surface flows.
The l‐Alanosine Gene Cluster Encodes a Pathway for Diazeniumdiolate Biosynthesis
Authors: Ng Tai L. , McCallum Monica E. , Zheng Christine R. , Wang Jennifer X. , Wu Kelvin J. Y. , Balskus Emily P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractN‐Nitroso‐containing natural products are bioactive metabolites with antibacterial and anticancer properties. In particular, compounds containing the diazeniumdiolate (N‐nitrosohydroxylamine) group display a wide range of bioactivities ranging from cytotoxicity to metal chelation. Despite the importance of this structural motif, knowledge of its biosynthesis is limited. Herein we describe the discovery of a biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces alanosinicus ATCC 15710 responsible for producing the diazeniumdiolate natural product l‐alanosine. Gene disruption and stable isotope feeding experiments identified essential biosynthetic genes and revealed the source of the N‐nitroso group. Additional biochemical characterization of the biosynthetic enzymes revealed that the non‐proteinogenic amino acid l‐2,3‐diaminopropionic acid (l‐Dap) is synthesized and loaded onto a free‐standing peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain in l‐alanosine biosynthesis, which we propose may be a mechanism of handling unstable intermediates generated en route to the diazeniumdiolate. These discoveries will facilitate efforts to determine the biochemistry of diazeniumdiolate formation.
A novel detrimental homozygous mutation in the WFS1 gene in two sisters from nonconsanguineous parents with untreated diabetes insipidus
Authors: Papadimitriou Dimitrios T. , Kleanthous Kleanthis , Manolakos Emmanouil , Tiulpakov Anatoly , Nikolopoulos Thomas , Delides Alexandros , Voros Gerasimos , Dinopoulos Argyrios , Zoupanos George , Papadimitriou Anastasios , Mastorakos Georgios , Urano Fumihiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGiven the limited lifespan and with the recent progress in experimental treatments for WS, timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment for DI/DM, hydronephrosis, and visual/psychiatric status—maintaining quality of life—are of crucial importance.
Targeted Enzyme Engineering Unveiled Unexpected Patterns of Halogenase Stabilization
Authors: Minges Hannah , Schnepel Christian , Böttcher Dominique , Weiß Martin S. , Sproß Jens , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Sewald Norbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHalogenases are valuable biocatalysts for selective C−H activation, but despite recent efforts to broaden their application scope by means of protein engineering, improvement of thermostability and catalytic efficiency is still desired. A directed evolution campaign aimed at generating a thermostable flavin‐dependent tryptophan 6‐halogenase with reasonable activity suitable for chemoenzymatic purposes. These characteristics were tackled by combining successive rounds of epPCR along with semi‐rational mutagenesis leading to a triple mutant (Thal‐GLV) with substantially increased thermostability (▵TM=23.5 K) and higher activity at 25 °C than the wild type enzyme. Moreover, an active‐site mutation has a striking impact on thermostability but also on enantioselectivity. Our data contribute to a detailed understanding of biohalogenation and provide a profound basis for future engineering strategies to facilitate chemoenzymatic application of these attractive biocatalysts.
Optimized Process and Bioreactor Characterization
Authors: Maischberger Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mass transfer coefficient (kL)and the value of the interfacial area (a) is used to characterize bioreactor systems for their oxygen transfer capability. The kLa value and the mixing time are amongst the most important performance indicators for bioreactors. Their calculation and modeling is extremely complex in highly aerated systems. This paper describes a new methodology for measuring the kLa value to accurately determine the coefficient. The valuable insights obtained allow for improved bioreactor characterization, thus, making it easier to meet regulatory requirements. Furthermore, examples outlining the benefits in the practical application of the new methodology are presented.
An electric vehicle operation optimization method based on demand‐side management
Authors: Gan Haiqing , Zheng Chuiyong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAgainst the background of energy restriction and environmental pollution, in recent years, new energy electric vehicles have developed rapidly with their advantages of energy saving and environmental protection. To realize the benign interaction between electric vehicle charging and switching power stations and power grid, and the demand‐side management of electric vehicle charging and switching power stations, the Monte Carlo random sampling method is used to collect the battery‐charged state of batteries in one day. Considering the constraints of charging and discharging times of charging stations, the operation model of charging and switching stations for electric vehicles is established, and the interior point optimization method is used to solve the model; thus, the optimal orderly charging and discharging strategy for electric vehicles can be obtained. Finally, simulation results show that the optimized charging mode can effectively reduce the peak‐valley difference of the system load and improve the stability of the system compared with the stochastic charging mode. In addition, this mode of charging can effectively develop the economic potential of the electric‐vehicle batteries without affecting the use needs of the owners, and it has good prospects for engineering popularization.
Enhancing the performance of optical VLC system based on asymmetric symmetric subcarriers OFDM
Authors: Sobhy Androw , ElSayed Shaimaa , Zekry Abdelhalim 
Published: October 2019

SummaryRecently, visible light communications (VLCs) based on the orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) technique play an important role in the field of wireless communications. Researches in that field found techniques to improve performance and reduce the system complexity. This paper proposes a system named asymmetric symmetric subcarriers enhanced optical (ASSEO)‐OFDM applied to VLC based on OFDM technique. The proposed system enhances the transmitted data rate by a factor of 1/8 compared with other existing systems. Keeping the same transmitted data rate as the comparable techniques, simulation results show an enhancement of the Eb/No for the proposed system by at least 0.65 dB than asymmetrically and symmetrically clipping optical (ASCO)‐OFDM, by at least 2 dB than asymmetrically clipped optical (ACO)‐OFDM and FLIP‐OFDM, and by at least 0.9 dB than DC‐biased optical (DCO)‐OFDM system at bit error rate (BER) of 10−4. An analytical description of the ASSEO proposed system is also introduced in this paper besides a comparative study with other existing systems.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 Gene Therapy in Mice Inhibits Myeloma Tumor Growth, But Has a Negative Impact on Bone
Authors: Westhrin Marita , Holien Toril , Zahoor Muhammad , Moen Siv Helen , Buene Glenn , Størdal Berit , Hella Hanne , Yuan Huipin , de Bruijn Joost D , Martens Anton , Groen Richard WJ , Bosch Fatima , Smith Ulf , Sponaas Anne‐Marit , Sundan Anders , Standal Therese 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMultiple myeloma is characterized by accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Most patients suffer from an osteolytic bone disease, caused by increased bone degradation and reduced bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is important for both pre‐ and postnatal bone formation and induces growth arrest and apoptosis of myeloma cells. BMP4‐treatment of myeloma patients could have the potential to reduce tumor growth and restore bone formation. We therefore explored BMP4 gene therapy in a human‐mouse model of multiple myeloma where humanized bone scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in RAG2−/− γC−/−mice. Mice were treated with adeno‐associated virus serotype 8 BMP4 vectors (AAV8‐BMP4) to express BMP4 in the liver. When mature BMP4 was detectable in the circulation, myeloma cells were injected into the scaffolds and tumor growth was examined by weekly imaging. Strikingly, the tumor burden was reduced in AAV8‐BMP4 mice compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice, suggesting that increased circulating BMP4 reduced tumor growth. BMP4‐treatment also prevented bone loss in the scaffolds, most likely due to reduced tumor load. To delineate the effects of BMP4 overexpression on bone per se, without direct influence from cancer cells, we examined the unaffected, non‐myeloma femurs by μCT. Surprisingly, the AAV8‐BMP4 mice had significantly reduced trabecular bone volume, trabecular numbers, as well as significantly increased trabecular separation compared with the AAV8‐CTRL mice. There was no difference in cortical bone parameters between the two groups. Taken together, BMP4 gene therapy inhibited myeloma tumor growth, but also reduced the amount of trabecular bone in mice. Our data suggest that care should be taken when considering using BMP4 as a therapeutic agent. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dysregulated circRNAs serve as prognostic and diagnostic markers in osteosarcoma by sponging microRNA to regulate the downstream signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Xin , Yang Wenbo , Zhang Zhicai , Shao Zengwu 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been extensively studied in many tumors. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between circRNAs and clinical features, prognosis, and diagnosis of osteosarcoma patients. We mainly included studies about circRNAs expression and osteosarcoma. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for clinical features, sensitivity, and specificity, while the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were used to assess overall survival (OS). A number of 13 articles were included in this study, including 9 about clinical features, 11 about prognosis, and 5 about diagnosis. The results showed that increased circRNAs expression was significantly correlated with adverse clinical characteristics. In terms of prognosis, oncogenic circRNAs had adverse effects on overall survival (OS: HR = 2.54; 95%Cl: 2.05–3.03), and increased expression of cancer‐suppressor circRNAs prolonged survival (OS: HR = 0.42; 95%Cl: 0.210.64). Our study further showed an AUC of 0.85, with an 80% sensitivity and 77% specificity to distinguish osteosarcoma patients from healthy controls. In conclusion, circRNAs may be new promising indicators for prognostic evaluation and early diagnosis of osteosarcoma patients.
Fractionating the all‐or‐nothing definition of goal‐directed and habitual decision‐making
Authors: Schreiner Drew C. , Renteria Rafael , Gremel Christina M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGoal‐directed and habitual decision‐making are fundamental processes that support the ongoing adaptive behavior. There is a growing interest in examining their disruption in psychiatric disease, often with a focus on a disease shifting control from one process to the other, usually a shift from goal‐directed to habitual control. However, several different experimental procedures can be used to probe whether decision‐making is under goal‐directed or habitual control, including outcome devaluation and contingency degradation. These different experimental procedures may recruit diverse behavioral and neural processes. Thus, there are potentially many opportunities for these disease phenotypes to manifest as alterations to both goal‐directed and habitual controls. In this review, we highlight the examples of behavioral and neural circuit divergence and similarity, and suggest that interpretation based on behavioral processes recruited during testing may leave more room for goal‐directed and habitual decision‐making to coexist. Furthermore, this may improve our understanding of precisely what the involved neural mechanisms underlying aspects of goal‐directed and habitual behavior are, as well as how disease affects behavior and these circuits.
Missing pouches in high‐density mapping of atrial tachyarrhythmia in congenital heart diseases
Authors: Kwok Sit‐Yee , Yung Tak‐Cheung , Ho Ngai‐Lun , Hai Jo‐Jo , Tsao Sabrina , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of high‐density electroanatomical mapping in the Chinese population for congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well reported.MethodsRetrospective review of consecutive transcatheter ablation of atrial tachyarrhythmia using high‐density mapping for CHD patients (at least moderate complexity) in the only tertiary congenital heart center in the territory from January 2017 to January 2019 was conducted. Orion mapping catheter in Rhythmia system (Boston Scientific) was used to create activation and voltage maps. Parameters including mechanism of arrhythmia, acute success, and follow‐up data were recorded.ResultsEight patients were identified (median age 35.5 years) who underwent transcatheter ablation of atrial arrhythmia. More than one reentry circuits of IART were identified in five patients. It took a median of 32.4 minutes with 15,952 (IQR 13,395‐18,530) mapping points per map. Cavo‐annulus isthmus‐dependent mechanism was the predominant reentry mechanism. Acute success with the elimination of all inducible tachycardia was achieved in six patients (75%), and partial success in two patients. There was recurrence of atrial arrhythmia in four patients (50%), in which three patients could be maintained in sinus rhythm with low‐dose antiarrhythmic medication. Targeted substrate ablation was performed in six patients with multiple IART circuits. Critical anatomical pouches were identified in three patients, which were missed in the initial mapping using Orion basket mapping catheter.ConclusionsHigh acute success rate of atrial arrhythmia ablation can be achieved using high‐density anatomical mapping in CHD. Substrate ablation was required with multiple IART circuits identified. Vigilance should be sought to identify anatomical pouches.
Sustainable and green microextraction of organophosphorus flame retardants by a novel phosphonium‐based deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Shahbodaghi Maryam , Faraji Hakim , Shahbaazi Hamidreza , Shabani Mohsen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBased on the solidification of a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent in air‐assisted liquid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, a green and sustainable microextraction technique was developed for extracting, separating, and detecting organophosphorus flame retardants in aqueous samples. In this study, some strategies were considered for overcoming or improving the challenges of conventional solvent microextraction procedures. In addition, a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent with a freezing point near the ambient temperature was employed as an extraction phase, the dispersive solvent was substituted by the syringe pump process, and the centrifugation step was omitted by using salting‐out phenomenon. Further, the effect of the main independent variables was evaluated by using the chemometric methods in order to maximize the extraction efficiency of the procedure. Under optimal conditions, the calibration model was linear in the range of 0.01–25.0 µg/L. Limits of detection and quantitation were assessed at the concentration levels of 2–23 and 9–65 ng/L, respectively. The precision involving repeatability and reproducibility was evaluated by estimating the relative standard deviation, the levels of which were <6.6 and <8.7%, respectively. The applicability of the method was successfully evaluated by analyzing the target analytes in real aqueous samples, which illustrated satisfactory recoveries (95–104.61%).
Adult ambulatory otologic surgery: Unplanned revisits and complications
Authors: Heilbronn Cameron , Lin Harrison , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesDetermine rates and reasons for unplanned revisits after ambulatory otologic surgery.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of State Ambulatory Surgery Databases of California, Florida, Iowa, and New York was performed for years 2010 and 2011. Ambulatory adult otology surgical procedures were linked to ambulatory, emergency, and inpatient databases for revisit encounters occurring within 30 days. The numbers of revisits and associated diagnoses were analyzed.ResultsA total of 16,709 ambulatory otologic cases were extracted (mean age, 50.3 years; 54.2% female). The most common primary procedures performed were tympanoplasty (n = 7,919), stapedectomy (n = 2504), cochlear implantation (n = 1444), tympanomastoidectomy (n = 713), and mastoidectomy (n = 697). The 30‐day revisit rate was 5.2% (n = 875; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9%–5.6%). Urinary retention/urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 93, 10.6%; CI 8.8%–12.9%) was the most common diagnosis at revisit, followed by otalgia (n = 85, 9.7% of revisits; CI: 7.9%–11.9%) and dizziness (n = 80, 9.1%; CI 7.4%–11.2%). Revisits most frequently occurred within the first 10 days postoperatively (47.2% of revisits), and a second revisit occurred 134 times (0.8% of cases). Fewer than 10 cases of facial nerve palsy were diagnosed (CI 0.03%–0.11%).ConclusionWith a relatively low unplanned revisit rate, ambulatory otologic surgery demonstrates a favorable safety profile. Common reasons for revisit included pain, urinary retention, and dizziness. Quality improvement measures should be directed at addressing these postoperative issues to minimize rates of complications and unplanned revisits.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:1788–1791, 2020
Ex Situ Liver Machine Perfusion: The Impact of Fresh Frozen Plasma
Authors: Liu Qiang , Hassan Ahmed , Pezzati Daniele , Soliman Basem , Lomaglio Laura , Grady Patrick , Del Angel Diaz Laurent , Simioni Andrea , Maikhor Shana , Etterling John , D’Amico Giuseppe , Iuppa Giuseppe , Diago Uso Teresa , Hashimoto Koji , Aucejo Federico , Fujiki Masato , Eghtesad Bijan , Sasaki Kazunari , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Cywinski Jacek , Irefin Samuel , Bennett Ana , Baldwin William , Miller Charles , Quintini Cristiano 
Published: October 2019

The primary aim of this single‐center, phase 1 exploratory study was to investigate the safety, feasibility, and impact on intrahepatic hemodynamics of a fresh frozen plasma (FFP)–based perfusate in ex situ liver normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) preservation. Using an institutionally developed perfusion device, 21 livers (13 donations after brain death and 8 donations after circulatory death) were perfused for 3 hours 21 minutes to 7 hours 52 minutes and successfully transplanted. Outcomes were compared in a 1:4 ratio to historical control patients matched according to donor and recipient characteristics and preservation time. Perfused livers presented a very low resistance state with high flow during ex situ perfusion (arterial and portal flows 340 ± 150 and 890 ± 70 mL/minute/kg liver, respectively). This hemodynamic state was maintained even after reperfusion as demonstrated by higher arterial flow observed in the NMP group compared with control patients (220 ± 120 versus 160 ± 80 mL/minute/kg liver, P = 0.03). The early allograft dysfunction (EAD) rate, peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels within 7 days after transplantation were lower in the NMP group compared with the control patients (EAD 19% versus 46%, P = 0.02; peak ALT 363 ± 318 versus 1021 ± 999 U/L, P = 0.001; peak AST 1357 ± 1492 versus 2615 ± 2541 U/L, P = 0.001 of the NMP and control groups, respectively). No patient developed ischemic type biliary stricture. One patient died, and all other patients are alive and well at a follow‐up of 12‐35 months. No device‐related adverse events were recorded. In conclusion, with this study, we showed that ex situ NMP of human livers can be performed safely and effectively using a noncommercial device and an FFP‐based preservation solution. Future studies should further investigate the impact of an FFP‐based perfusion solution on liver hemodynamics during ex situ normothermic machine preservation.
Statistical prediction of typhoon‐induced accumulated rainfall over the Korean Peninsula based on storm and rainfall data
Authors: Kim Hye‐Ji , Moon Il‐Ju , Kim Minyeong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA statistical model for typhoon‐induced accumulated rainfall (TAR) prediction over the Korean Peninsula using track, intensity and rainfall data of 91 typhoons affecting the peninsula during the period 1977–2014 is developed. The statistical estimation of the TAR consists of three steps: (1) estimating the TAR at 56 observational weather stations for the 91 typhoons; (2) selecting typhoons whose tracks are similar to that of the target typhoon within the area of 32–40 ° N and 120–138 ° E using a fuzzy C‐mean clustering method; and (3) calculating the mean TAR for the 16 selected typhoons based on track similarity after an intensity correction of the TAR using a linear regression between the TAR and intensity anomaly. To validate the model, real case predictions were performed on typhoons Chan‐hom and Goni in 2015 and compared with the observed TARs as well as with those from local and global operational models. The result showed that when the best‐track data are used, the present statistical model can predict the TAR with the accuracy of mean root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 33 mm (Chan‐hom) and 29 mm (Goni) at the 56 stations, which were much less than the results of the local model. With the predicted track and intensity data for the two typhoons, the present model also showed an overall good performance with RMSEs of 30–34 mm (Chan‐hom) and 29–49 mm (Goni), depending on the accuracy of the predicted track and intensity, which were generally less than the results of the global model.