bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What James Boswell tells us about 18th‐century acting theory
Authors: Harriman‐Smith James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article reads a series of essays on the actor by James Boswell through recent scholarship on the theory of acting in order to elaborate an expansive and historically grounded definition of what was and is meant by ‘18th‐century acting theory’. I thus show how 18th‐century texts on acting are important documents that should be read not as isolated phenomena but as works that can illuminate contemporary stage performance and the culture that produced it. In particular, I follow Boswell by placing a specific, illustrative emphasis on three key themes of professionalism, theatrical expression and ephemerality: each theme is both essential to thinking about the stage (and criticism on this topic) while also, like so much about the 18th‐century theatre, applicable far more widely both then and now.
Adaptation and molecular evidence for convergence in decapod crustaceans from deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments
Authors: Yuan Jianbo , Zhang Xiaojun , Gao Yi , Zhang Xiaoxi , Liu Chengzhang , Xiang Jianhai , Li Fuhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrothermal vents are unique deep‐sea environments exhibiting extreme temperature gradients and toxic concentrations of H2S that limit the growth of biological communities. Notably, some decapod crustaceans are the dominant organisms inhabiting these environments, and share similar phenotypic and physiological traits, such as white body coloration and chemosynthetic capacity. However, a lack of genomic information has precluded an understanding of these convergent phenotypes. Here, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed in 14 decapod species, including four deep‐sea hydrothermal vent species and 10 shallow‐water relatives. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the four deep‐sea species stemmed from different ancestors despite being geographically close, and therefore their similar traits were probably the product of convergent evolution rather than lineal inheritance. A total of 391 positively selected genes, 109 parallel substituted genes and 33 significantly expanded gene families were identified in the deep‐sea decapods. Among these, only the SNARE interactions in vesicular transport pathway was significantly enriched, with both positively selected genes and parallel substituted genes, suggesting that specific macromolecule transport might be a strong convergent evolution trait in deep‐sea decapods. Furthermore, many genes involved in protein synthesis, processing and energy metabolism were detected under convergent evolution, suggesting a role for adaptive evolution in association with a specific metabolic pathway in response to chemosynthetic nutrition patterns. Moreover, our study suggests that convergently evolved white body colour might have resulted from the contraction of the crustacyanin gene family and the low content of astaxanthin in the body of deep‐sea decapods. Therefore, this study provides valuable genetic evidence for convergent evolution in deep‐sea decapods.
A case of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with profound weight loss and increased uptake in the spinal cord on 18F‐FDG PET
Authors: Osakada Yosuke , Omote Yoshio , Ikegami Ken , Tadokoro Koh , Sato Kota , Hishikawa Nozomi , Takemoto Mami , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Kimura Akio , Abe Koji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 76‐year‐old man presented with subacute onset of progressive cognitive impairment, anorexia, tremor, ataxic gait, and urinary dysfunction. He had lost 17 kg in 9 months before his admission (due to persistent anorexia). A brain MRI showed a typical radial pattern of periventricular gadolinium enhancement and longitudinally extensive hyperintensity from cervical to lumbar spinal cord. 18F‐FDG PET newly revealed an increased uptake of the tracer in the cervical and lower thoracic cords. After an intravenous methylprednisolone (1000 mg/d for 3 days) followed by oral prednisolone 40 mg/d, his clinical symptoms and abnormal MRI lesions improved. Anti‐GFAP antibodies were subsequently identified in CSF obtained on admission, confirming the diagnosis of autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.
Histone posttranslational modifications rather than DNA methylation underlie gene reprogramming in pollination‐dependent and pollination‐independent fruit set in tomato
Authors: Hu Guojian , Huang Baowen , Wang Keke , Frasse Pierre , Maza Elie , Djari Anis , Benhamed Moussa , Gallusci Philippe , Li Zhengguo , Zouine Mohamed , Bouzayen Mondher 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Fruit formation comprises a series of developmental transitions among which the fruit set process is essential in determining crop yield. Yet, our understanding of the epigenetic landscape remodelling associated with the flower‐to‐fruit transition remains poor.

We investigated the epigenetic and transcriptomic reprogramming underlying pollination‐dependent and auxin‐induced flower‐to‐fruit transitions in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using combined genomewide transcriptomic profiling, global ChIP‐sequencing and whole genomic DNA bisulfite sequencing (WGBS).

Variation in the expression of the overwhelming majority of genes was associated with change in histone mark distribution, whereas changes in DNA methylation concerned a minor fraction of differentially expressed genes. Reprogramming of genes involved in processes instrumental to fruit set correlated with their H3K9ac or H3K4me3 marking status but not with changes in cytosine methylation, indicating that histone posttranslational modifications rather than DNA methylation are associated with the remodelling of the epigenetic landscape underpinning the flower‐to‐fruit transition.

Given the prominent role previously assigned to DNA methylation in reprogramming key genes of the transition to ripening, the outcome of the present study supports the idea that the two main developmental transitions in fleshy fruit and the underlying transcriptomic reprogramming are associated with different modes of epigenetic regulations.
Rethinking gastroesophageal reflux disorder
Authors: Banting Samuel P. , Badgery Henry E. , Read Matthew , Mashimo Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common clinical condition for which our understanding has evolved over the past decades. It is now considered a cluster of phenotypes with numerous anatomical and physiological abnormalities contributing to its pathophysiology. As such, it is important to first understand the underlying mechanism of the disease process for each patient before embarking on therapeutic interventions. The aim of our paper is to highlight the mechanisms contributing to GERD and review investigations and interpretation of these results. Finally, the paper reviews the available treatment modalities for this condition, ranging from medical intervention, endoscopic options through to surgery and its various techniques.
Periodontitis in patients with psoriasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinze , Gu Hongqiu , Xie Shang , Su Yingying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to summarize and update the evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and psoriasis.MethodsThe present systematic review was conducted under the guidelines of Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and was recorded in the PROSPERO database, under registration number CRD42017063799. Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched up to March 2020. Case–control or cohort studies assessing the association between periodontitis and psoriasis were identified. Quantitative synthesis was conducted with meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 13 studies (11 case–control and two cohort studies) assessing the association between periodontitis and psoriasis were included. Of these 13 articles, 9 showed the prevalence of periodontitis or psoriasis. Therefore, meta‐analyses were conducted with data retrieved from the nine studies included. Pooled effect estimate for nine studies showed that patients with periodontitis associated with a higher risk of psoriasis with a pooled OR of 2.87 (95% CI, 1.75–4.69).ConclusionsThis systematic review demonstrated a positive association between periodontitis and psoriasis; however, a causal relationship cannot be established. Due to the weak evidence, caution should be taken when interpreting the results regarding periodontal parameters. Well‐designed prospective studies are necessary to evaluate interactions between both diseases.
Rice NIN‐LIKE PROTEIN 4 plays a pivotal role in nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Wu Jie , Zhang Zi‐Sheng , Xia Jin‐Qiu , Alfatih Alamin , Song Ying , Huang Yi‐Jie , Wan Guang‐Yu , Sun Liang‐Qi , Tang Hui , Liu Yang , Wang Shi‐Mei , Zhu Qi‐Sheng , Qin Peng , Wang Yu‐Ping , Li Shi‐Gui , Mao Chuan‐Zao , Zhang Gui‐Quan , Chu Chengcai , Yu Lin‐Hui , Xiang Cheng‐Bin 
Published: September 2020

SummaryNitrogen (N) is one of the key essential macronutrients that affects rice growth and yield. Inorganic N fertilizers are excessively used to boost yield and generate serious collateral environmental pollution. Therefore, improving crop N use efficiency (NUE) is highly desirable and has been a major endeavour in crop improvement. However, only a few regulators have been identified that can be used to improve NUE in rice to date. Here we show that the rice NIN‐like protein 4 (OsNLP4) significantly improves the rice NUE and yield. Field trials consistently showed that loss‐of‐OsNLP4 dramatically reduced yield and NUE compared with wild type under different N regimes. In contrast, the OsNLP4 overexpression lines remarkably increased yield by 30% and NUE by 47% under moderate N level compared with wild type. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that OsNLP4 orchestrates the expression of a majority of known N uptake, assimilation and signalling genes by directly binding to the nitrate‐responsive cis‐element in their promoters to regulate their expression. Moreover, overexpression of OsNLP4 can recover the phenotype of Arabidopsis nlp7 mutant and enhance its biomass. Our results demonstrate that OsNLP4 plays a pivotal role in rice NUE and sheds light on crop NUE improvement.
Cyclic AMP mediates heat stress response by the control of redox homeostasis and ubiquitin‐proteasome system
Authors: Paradiso Annalisa , Domingo Guido , Blanco Emanuela , Buscaglia Alessio , Fortunato Stefania , Marsoni Milena , Scarcia Pasquale , Caretto Sofia , Vannini Candida , de Pinto Maria Concetta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeat stress (HS), causing impairment in several physiological processes, is one of the most damaging environmental cues for plants. To counteract the harmful effects of high temperatures, plants activate complex signalling networks, indicated as HS response (HSR). Expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and adjustment of redox homeostasis are crucial events of HSR, required for thermotolerance. By pharmacological approaches, the involvement of cAMP in triggering plant HSR has been recently proposed. In this study, to investigate the role of cAMP in HSR signalling, tobacco BY‐2 cells overexpressing the ‘cAMP‐sponge’, a genetic tool that reduces intracellular cAMP levels, have been used. in vivo cAMP dampening increased HS susceptibility in a HSPs‐independent way. The failure in cAMP elevation during HS caused a high accumulation of reactive oxygen species, due to increased levels of respiratory burst oxidase homolog D, decreased activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as down‐accumulation of proteins involved in the control of redox homeostasis. In addition, cAMP deficiency impaired proteasome activity and prevented the accumulation of many proteins of ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS). By a large‐scale proteomic approach together with in silico analyses, these UPS proteins were identified in a specific cAMP‐dependent network of HSR.
Pilomatricomas and café au lait macules as herald signs of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome—A case report
Authors: Gupta Ankan , George Renu , Aboobacker Fouzia Nambiathayil , ThamaraiSelvi Bernice , Priscilla Anne Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConstitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome results from bi‐allelic mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes—MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2. We present two siblings with CMMRD having p.Arg802Ter (c.2404C >T) homozygous mutations in PMS2 exon 14 with typical cutaneous features. This case report highlights the role of the dermatologist in early diagnosis of this condition.
The immune system in infants: Relevance to xenotransplantation
Authors: Bikhet Mohamed , Morsi Mahmoud , Hara Hidetaka , Rhodes Leslie A. , Carlo Waldemar F. , Cleveland David , Cooper David K. C. , Iwase Hayato 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the improvement in surgical interventions in the treatment of congenital heart disease, many life‐threatening lesions (eg, hypoplastic left heart syndrome) ultimately require transplantation. However, there is a great limitation in the availability of deceased human cardiac donors of a suitable size. Hearts from genetically engineered pigs may provide an alternative source. The relatively immature immune system in infants (eg, absence of anti‐carbohydrate antibodies, reduced complement activation, reduced innate immune cell activity) should minimize the risk of early antibody‐mediated rejection of a pig graft. Additionally, recipient thymectomy, performed almost routinely as a preliminary to orthotopic heart transplantation in this age‐group, impairs the T‐cell response. Because of the increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs (eg, triple‐knockout pigs that do not express any of the three known carbohydrate antigens against which humans have natural antibodies) and the ability to diagnose congenital heart disease during fetal life, cardiac xenotransplantation could be preplanned to be carried out soon after birth. Because of these several advantages, prolonged graft survival and even the induction of tolerance, for example, following donor‐specific pig thymus transplantation, are more likely to be achieved in infants than in adults. In this review, we summarize the factors in the infant immune system that would be advantageous in the success of cardiac xenotransplantation in this age‐group.
A community divided: Post‐transplant live vaccine practices among Society of Pediatric Liver Transplantation (SPLIT) centers
Authors: Kemme Sarah , Sundaram Shikha S. , Curtis Donna J. , Lobritto Steven , Mohammad Saeed , Feldman Amy G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, the IDSA and the AST have recommended that live vaccines not be administered post‐transplant due to concern for induction of vaccine‐strain disease in immunocompromised hosts. However, recent prospective studies and revised AST guidelines published in April 2019 suggest that in the current era of immunosuppression minimization, live vaccines may be safely administered to select transplant recipients with resulting immunoprotection. The goal of this study was to assess current post‐transplant live vaccine practices at individual pediatric liver transplant centers following the updated AST guidelines.MethodsA six‐item email survey detailing center‐specific post‐transplant live vaccine practices followed by up to three response‐specific questions were distributed between July 2019 and May 2020 to a representative from each center participating in the SPLIT consortium.ResultsThe overall survey response rate was 93% (41/44 centers). Only 29% (12/41) of centers offer live vaccines post‐transplant; each of these 12 centers uses different eligibility criteria for live vaccines. There was no difference between large (ten or more transplants per year) and small (less than ten transplants per year) centers in likelihood to offer live vaccines post‐transplant. The main reasons for a center not offering post‐transplant live vaccines were safety concerns and inability to reach group consensus.ConclusionsThe majority of pediatric liver transplant centers are reluctant to offer live vaccines post‐transplant despite the updated AST guidelines. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to confirm safety and immunogenicity of live vaccines post‐transplant.
Induction of sexual reproduction reveals the presence of heterothallic Spirogyra strains (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta)
Authors: Takano Tomoyuki , Ikegaya Hisato , Nozaki Hisayoshi , Sakayama Hidetoshi 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYConjugating algae perform characteristic sexual reproduction through conjugation by gametes without flagella. These algae sexually reproduce through the formation of zygospores from single clones (homothallic) and through the formation of zygospores between different clones (heterothallic). The conjugating algae genus Spirogyra is generally found in freshwater environments, and its conjugation process has been well investigated. However, due to experimental difficulties in inducing conjugation, heterothallism has not been described in Spirogyra. Herein, we reported, to the best of our knowledge, the first discovery of heterothallic Spirogyra strains following the induction of conjugation. The conjugation of the strains of Spirogyra fluviatilis required two clearly genetically differentiated strains. Our mating experiments with these strains also demonstrated that their sexuality was genetically determined and that the F1 strain from germinated zygospores conjugated with only one parental strain. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses showed that these heterothallic strains were phylogenetically related to their homothallic relatives. In this study conducted on Spirogyra, the induction of conjugation in heterothallic strains facilitated our understanding of their diversity.
Availability and usefulness of economic data on the effects of aquaculture: a North Atlantic comparative assessment
Authors: Mikkelsen Eirik , Fanning Lucia , Kreiss Cornelia , Billing Suzannah‐Lynn , Dennis John , Filgueira Ramon , Grant Jon , Krause Gesche , Lipton Doug , Miller Molly , Perez José , Stead Selina , Villasante Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the availability of economic indicators and metrics to assess effects of marine aquaculture production in the North Atlantic area (the EU, Norway, Canada and USA), including also social and environmental effects. We consider how aquaculture planning and management is organised in the different countries and the usefulness of economic information to address different aquaculture‐related policies. We find that the most relevant economic data for aquaculture management should be at the local and regional levels rather than nationally. The availability of such economic data is mapped for national, regional and local level. The focus is on data that are publicly available from authorities or research institutions. The availability of data is generally fairly good for national and regional data on the direct economic effects of aquaculture. Data on how aquaculture‐related products or input markets are affected are however poorly available, as are economic data on external effects from aquaculture. Countries with a larger aquaculture sector tend to have better availability of aquaculture‐related economic data than those with a smaller sector. An index is developed and calculated to show more specifically where the countries have relatively good or poor data availability compared to their needs. While it will not always be cost‐effective or meaningful to collect economic data on the effects of aquaculture, our study indicates that several countries could benefit from expanding such data collection. It can make trade‐off decisions more consistent and easier to perform, and aquaculture policies and measures can be better tailored to specific contexts.
Anti‐fibrotic effects of different sources of MSC in bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis in C57BL6 male mice
Authors: Periera‐Simon Simone , Xia Xiaomei , Catanuto Paola , Coronado Ramon , Kurtzberg Joanne , Bellio Michael , Lee Yee‐Shuan , Khan Aisha , Smith Robin , Elliot Sharon J. , Glassberg Marilyn K. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIPF is a fatal and debilitating lung disorder increasing in incidence worldwide. To date, two approved treatments only slow disease progression, have multiple side effects and do not provide a cure. MSC have promising therapeutic potential as a cell‐based therapy for many lung disorders based on the anti‐fibrotic properties of the MSC.MethodsCritical questions remain surrounding the optimal source, timing and efficacy of cell‐based therapies. The present study examines the most effective sources of MSC. Human MSC were derived from adipose, WJ, chorionic membrane (CSC) and chorionic villi (CVC). MSC were injected into the ageing mouse model of BLM‐induced lung fibrosis.ResultsAll sources decreased Aschroft and hydroxyproline levels when injected into BLM‐treated mice at day 10 with the exception of CSC cells that did not change hydroxyproline levels. There were also decreases in mRNA expression of αv‐integrin and TNFα in all sources except CSC. Only ASC‐ and WJ‐derived cells reduced AKT and MMP‐2 activation, while Cav‐1 was increased by ASC treatment as previously reported. BLM‐induced miR dysregulation of miR‐29 and miR‐199 was restored only by ASC treatment.ConclusionOur data suggest that sources of MSC may differ in the pathway(s) involved in repair.
Is the devil in the shadow? The effect of institutional quality on income
Authors: Jahan Israt , Bologna Pavlik Jamie , Williams Ryan Blake 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe positive relationship between institutional quality and “official” income is well documented. It is unclear, however, whether this relationship holds once the “unofficial” economy is accounted for. An improvement in institutional quality tends to shift production out of the shadow and into the official sector, resulting in an increase in official income. However, this shift comes at the expense of the informal economy, potentially negating the perceived gains in output. This paper uses data from 5,506 Brazilian municipalities to explore the effects of institutional quality on total income per person. We additionally estimate the effect of institutions on informal sector size. Our most robust finding suggests that higher‐quality institutions using our broadest measure are significantly related to development. While good institutions do decrease the size of the informal sector, the consequential switch to formality raises overall productivity.
Rethinking the aid–growth relationship: A network approach
Authors: Horowitz Andrew W. , Kali Raja , Song Hongwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver 40 years of conventional economic analysis has not reached consensus on the effect of foreign aid on recipient country growth. We provide new insight into this relationship by using a network approach to characterize the topological properties of the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) foreign aid network. Viewing the OECD foreign aid community as an interdependent and complex system, we characterize not only the amount of aid but also the position of both donor and recipient within the network. We find that the degree centrality of the recipient, with an edge inclusion threshold that sets a minimum share of a donor’s aid to a particular recipient, is significantly correlated with the growth impact of that donor’s aid. Contrarily, aid is uncorrelated with growth with a recipient‐side filter on the importance of the donor to the recipient. These results suggest that the importance of a recipient within the donor’s network, rather than the volume of aid alone, is associated with the growth impact of bilateral aid. We explore mechanisms for these findings that include the complementarity of aid from multiple attentive donors. Our findings speak to the aid–growth puzzle and suggest that network metrics may illuminate non‐obvious channels of aid impact.