bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSX-13 Effects of supplementing sugar-based byproducts on ingestive behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters in small ruminants
Authors: Almeida Marina de Paula , Ferreira Marcelo de Andrade , dos Santos João Paulo Ismério Monnerat , Clemente João Vitor Fernandes , da Conceição Maria Gabriela , de Andrade Rodrigo Barbosa , Cavalcante Edwilka Oliveira , Cordeiro Eduardo Henrique Araújo , da Silva Dijaina Ferreira , da Silva Luiz Wilker Lopes , Bernardo de Siqueira Michelle Christina , Nunes Corrêa Agni Martins , Chaves Véras Antonia Sherlânea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design evaluated the effects of replacing ground corn grain (GCG) by sugar-based byproducts plus corn gluten feed (SBB-CGF) on ingestive behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters in small ruminants. Four ruminally cannulated wether sheep and four wether goats (72 and 65 ± 2.3 kg BW, respectively) were individually allocated to 8 pens, over 4 periods of 19-d each (12 d adaptation plus 7 d of sample collection) to receive a diet containing 50% roughage (bermudagrass hay; Cynodon sp.) and 50% concentrate (80% GCG, 16% soybean meal, and 4% premix) with 4 levels of inclusion of SBB-CGF in replacement of GCG (0, 33, 66, and 100%, DM basis). Corn gluten feed was used with SBB to maintain the diets isonitrogenous. Ruminal fluid was collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after the morning feeding, whereas ingestive behavior was assessed on the d 12 of each period for 24 h. Resting time linearly increased with greater inclusion levels of SBB-GCF (P = 0.04; 15.6, 15.7, 16.0, 16.8 h/d). Rumination time was greater (P = 0.001), whereas resting time was lower (P = 0.002) for wether sheep vs. goats (6.5 vs. 4.3 h/d and 15 vs. 17 h/d, respectively). Ruminal concentrations of ammonia-N (P = 0.05; 13.3, 13.2, 10.4, and 10.4 mg dL-1), acetate (P = 0.001; 58.9, 49.6, 48.5, and 43.1 mM), and acetate:propionate ratio (P &lt; 0.001; 3.6, 2.4, 2.0, and 1.9 mM) linearly decreased, whereas propionate concentrations (P = 0.01; 17.9, 23.0, 30.6, and 28.8 mM) linearly increased with greater levels of SBB-GCF in the diet. In conclusion, sugar-based byproducts plus corn gluten feed can replace ground corn grain up to 100% in the diets of goats and sheep consuming a 50:50 roughage:concentrate diet without compromising the ingestive behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters.
PSX-28 Using estrus detection patches or a ram wearing a marking harness to monitor estrus in synchronized hair sheep ewes
Authors: Godfrey Robert W , Lakos Sue A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Determining when a ewe is in estrus is important when using estrous synchronization and artificial insemination in sheep. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of estrus detection patches (Estrotect™) and rams wearing marking harnesses for monitoring estrus in synchronized hair sheep ewes. St. Croix White (STX) ewes (3.5 ± 0.3 y of age, 89.7 ± 2.2 d post-partum) were synchronized using progesterone releasing inserts (Eazi-Breed™ CIDR) for 12 d. On the day of CIDR removal (d 1) ewes were administered prostaglandin (Lutalyse®; 15 mg i.m.) and placed with fertile STX rams in 0.55 ha pastures. One group of ewes (n =10; MH) was placed with a ram wearing a marking harness and a second group (n = 16; EP) had estrus detection patches placed on their rumps before being placed with a ram without a harness. Estrus detection was conducted using visual observations twice a day through d 7. A ewe was considered to be in estrus when crayon marks were observed on the rump or the patch was activated, based on product guidelines. Cumulative percentage of ewes in estrus was analyzed using the CATMOD procedure with treatment, day and the interaction in the model. All patches stayed in place on the EP ewes through d 7. By d 4 90% of MH ewes and 75% of EP ewes had been observed in estrus (P &lt; 0.05). By d 7 90% of MH ewes and 81.25% of EP ewes had been observed in estrus (P &lt; 0.05). With costs of $1.33 per patch or $29.33 for one harness and crayon the patches may be more economical when dealing with up to 21 ewes per ram. Estrus detection patches can be used on hair sheep ewes to detect estrus just as effectively as a ram with a marking harness.
How Brands Craft National Identity
Authors: Beverland Michael B , Eckhardt Giana M , Sands Sean , Shankar Avi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawing on cultural branding research, we examine how brands can craft national identity. We do so with reference to how brands enabled New Zealand’s displaced Pākehā (white) majority to carve out a sense of we-ness against the backdrop of globalization and resurgent indigenous identity claims. Using multiple sources of ethnographic data, we develop a process model of how brands create national identity through we-ness. We find that marketplace actors deployed brands to create and renew perceptions of we-ness through four-stages: reification, lumping, splitting, and horizon expansion. From this, we make three primary contributions to the consumer research literature: we develop a four-part process model of how brands become national identity resources, explore the characteristics of the brands that enable the emergence of and evolution of we-ness, and explore how our processes can address a sense of dispossession among displaced-majorities in similarly defined contexts.
Laparoscopic colopexy for neo-left colonic volvulus 10 years after anterior resection
Authors: Huynh Roy , Reece Mifanwy , Mansouri David , Nguyen Thuy-My , Keshava Anil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recurrent neo-left colonic volvulus is a rare complication following anterior resection. The conventional approach to treating recurrent volvulus is a large bowel resection with anastomosis or colostomy formation after successful endoscopic decompression. However, in elderly and comorbid patients, this can result in significant morbidity or mortality. Laparoscopic colopexy is a less invasive alternative that has not been previously reported for the treatment of neo-left colonic volvulus. We describe a case of an 86-year-old male who presented with recurrent neo-left colonic volvulus 10 years post-laparoscopic anterior resection for cancer. A laparoscopic colopexy was performed to resolve the volvulus and prevent future recurrence. Interrupted prolene sutures were used to fix the neo-left colon to the posterior stomach and the left lateral abdominal wall. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative recovery and was discharged 6 days after surgery. He was well at 6 months follow-up.
Intracranial Aneurysms: Does Size Really Matter?
Authors: Majeed Kashif , Boddu Srikanth R , Carnevale Joseph , Cenberlitas Elif Ezgi , Williams Nicholas , Patsalides Athos , Gobin Yves Pierre , Knopman Jared , Stieg Philip E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
To stratify the risk of aneurysmal rupture, size remains the primary criterion as proposed by 2 ISUIA (International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms) trials that recommend the observation of ≤7 mm aneurysms because of their low propensity to rupture. These recommendations are controversial, given the severe outcomes following hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively assess whether size correlates with aneurysmal rupture, and to analyze outcomes of endovascular and microsurgical procedures.

METHODS
All aneurysms presenting between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. Age, gender, comorbidities, ruptured status, modes of treatment, and their outcomes were noted. Regression analysis was performed to correlate size with rupture. The type of intervention was based on clinical and aneurysmal characteristics and the likelihood of obliteration.

RESULTS
Of the 668 aneurysms, 116 had ruptured. In size groups 0 to 6 mm, 7 to 12 mm, 13 to 18 mm, 18 to 24 mm, and giant, the ruptured aneurysms were 60.3%, 30.2%, 1.7%, 0.9%, and 6.9%, respectively. The majority (423) were managed endovascularly, of which 84 (19.9%) were ruptured. A total of 97 (14.5%) underwent clipping, of which 31 were ruptured. The mean modified Rankin Scale for both treated groups was zero. One death in each group and a single brainstem stroke in the coiled group were noted. A total of 139 were followed, of which none had ruptured. The mean modified Raymond-Roy classification for endovascular therapy was 1.1, with 380 completely occluded; 15 had a score of 2, and 28 of score 3.

CONCLUSION
The ruptured aneurysms were mostly smaller than reported previously. Surgical clipping was at equipoise with endovascular treatments. Further studies to correlate aneurysmal characteristics to the risk of rupture are needed.
Introduction
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The introduction sets the stage for what follows. Constructivism is presented as a position that seeks to explain why some considerations are reasons for or against certain actions. It thus disagrees with fundamentalist views which deny that a general, yet informative explanation of this kind is available. Constructivism also differs from Humean views that offer such an explanation in terms of the agent’s actual or hypothetical desires. By contrast, constructivism suggests that reasons can be explained as an upshot of our capacity to reason. The introduction also highlights that the constructivist view to be developed in the book is a meta-ethical, rather than a first-order normative position, and that it offers an account only of practical reasons, leaving, e.g., epistemic reasons aside.
Examination Under Anesthesia Improves Agreement on Mechanical Stability: A Survey of Experienced Pelvic Surgeons
Authors: Tucker Douglass , Carney John , Nguyen Aileen , Alluri Ram K. , Lee Adam , Marecek Geoffrey 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To assess agreement among experts in pelvic fracture management regarding stability and need for operative repair of lateral compression-type pelvic fractures with static radiographs compared to static radiographs and examination under anesthesia (EUA).

Setting:
Online survey.

Patients/Participants:
Ten patients who presented to our level-1 trauma center with a pelvic ring injury were selected. Vignettes were distributed to 11 experienced pelvic surgeons.

Intervention:
Examination under anesthesia.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Agreement regarding pelvic fracture stability and need for surgical fixation.

Results:
Agreement on stability was achieved in 4 (40%) cases without EUA compared to 8 (80%) cases with EUA. Interreviewer reliability was poor without EUA and moderate with EUA (0.207 vs. 0.592). Agreement on need to perform surgery was achieved in 5 (50%) cases compared to 6 (60%) cases with EUA. Interreviewer reliability was poor without EUA and moderate with EUA (0.250 vs. 0.432). For reference cases with agreement, surgeons were able to predict stability or instability using standard imaging in 57 of a possible 88 reviewer choices (64.8%) compared to 82 of 88 choices (93.2%) with the addition of EUA (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
EUA increased agreement among experienced pelvic surgeons regarding the assessment of pelvic ring stability and the need for operative intervention. Further research is necessary to define specific indications for which patients may benefit from EUA.
Definitive Surgery Is Safe in Borderline Patients Who Respond to Resuscitation
Authors: Tan Jiong Hao , Wu Tian Yi , Tan Joel Yong Hao , Sharon Tan Si Heng , Hong Choon Chiet , Shen Liang , Loo Lynette Mee-Ann , Iau Philip , Murphy Diarmuid P. , O'Neill Gavin Kane 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
We hypothesize that in adequately resuscitated borderline polytrauma patients with long bone fractures (femur and tibia) or pelvic fractures, early (within 4 days) definitive stabilization (EDS) can be performed without an increase in postoperative ventilation and postoperative complications.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
In total, 103 patients were included in this study; of whom, 18 (17.5%) were female and 85 (82.5%) were male. These patients were borderline trauma patients who had the following parameters before definitive surgery, normal coagulation profile, lactate of <2.5 mmol/L, pH of ≥7.25, and base excess of ≥5.5.

Intervention:
These patients were treated according to Early Total Care, definitive surgery on day of admission, or Damage Control Orthopaedics principles, temporizing external fixation followed by definitive surgery at a later date. Timing of definitive surgical fixation was recorded as EDS or late definitive surgical fixation (>4 days).

Main Outcome Measures:
Primary outcome measured was the duration of ventilation more than 3 days post definitive surgery and presence of postoperative complications.

Results:
Thirty-five patients (34.0%) received Early Total Care, whereas 68 (66.0%) patients were treated with Damage Control Orthopaedics. In total, 51 (49.5%) of all patients had late definitive surgery, whereas 52 patients (50.5%) had EDS. On logistic regression, the following factors were found to be predictive of higher rates of postoperative ventilation ≥ 3 days, units of blood transfused, and time to definitive surgery > 4 days. Increased age, head abbreviated injury score of 3 or more and time to definitive surgery were found to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.

Conclusions:
Borderline polytrauma patients with no severe soft tissue injuries, such as chest or head injuries, may be treated with EDS if adequately resuscitated with no increase in need for postoperative ventilation and complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Trochanteric Versus Piriformis Reconstruction Nails for Femoral Neck Fracture Prophylaxis
Authors: Shieh Alvin K. , Bravin Daniel A. , Shelton Trevor J. , Garcia-Nolen Tanya C , Lee Mark A. , Eastman Jonathan G. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To compare piriformis fossa to greater trochanteric entry cephalomedullary implants in an evaluation of femoral neck load to failure when the device is used for femoral shaft fractures with prophylaxis of an associated femoral neck fracture.

Methods:
Thirty fourth-generation synthetic femur models were separated into 5 groups: intact femora, entry sites alone at the piriformis fossa or greater trochanter, and piriformis fossa and greater trochanteric entry sites after the insertion of a cephalomedullary nail. Each model was mechanically loaded with a flat plate against the superior femoral head along the mechanical axis and load to failure was recorded.

Results:
Mean load to failure was 5487 ± 376 N in the intact femur, 3126 ± 387 N in the piriformis fossa entry site group, 3772 ± 558 N in the piriformis entry nail, 5332 ± 292 N for the greater trochanteric entry site, and 5406 ± 801 N for the greater trochanteric nail group. Both piriformis groups were significantly lower compared with the intact group. Both greater trochanteric groups were similar to the intact group and were statistically higher than the piriformis groups.

Conclusions:
A piriformis fossa entry site with or without an intramedullary implant weakens the femoral neck in load to failure testing. A greater trochanteric entry yields a load to failure equivalent to that of an intact femoral neck. Instrumentation with a greater trochanteric cephalomedullary nail is significantly stronger than a piriformis fossa cephalomedullary nail during axial loading in a composite femur model.
Should Donors Consent to Export Their Corneas? Examination of Eye Tissue and Eye Care Sector Opinion
Authors: Machin Heather , Sutton Gerard , Baird Paul N. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
Corneal tissue international activity is only possible because of the willingness of export populations to donate their corneas on their death. Current predonation public education campaigns and at-the-point-of-donation consent practice generally includes consent for transplantation, research, and/or training. It is unclear whether a consent-for-export step is universally included in the consent process or, indeed, whether it should. We interviewed eye tissue and eye care professionals from around the world, who exported, imported, or did neither to understand current consent-for-export awareness and determine opinion on future practice.

Method:
During wider qualitative grounded-theory semistructured interviews with sector experts, to determine whether Australia should export, we captured sector opinion on consent-for-export. We used saturation and sentiment methods to determine opinion and χ2 correlation coefficients to examine association, using an α of P = 0.05.

Results:
We interviewed 92 individuals, 83 of whom discussed consent-for-export. Of those, 51% (42/83) demonstrated some awareness of the practice; however, there were contradictions between interviewees from the same location. Regardless of current awareness, 57% (41/72) believed donors should be informed or consented for export. Their approval did not extend to donor-directed decisions, which would allow donors to decide which nation their donation should be sent, with 62.5% (45/72) opposing that notion.

Conclusions:
Our research indicates that the consent-for-export practice is not universally applied by exporting nations and that eye tissue and eye care professionals have limited awareness of the practice. Universally implementing a consent-for-export step within general consent practice would improve awareness, reduce confusion, and support donor wishes.
Stigmatization and Social Functioning Levels of Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Baysan Arabaci Leyla , Ayakdaş Dağli Dilek , Taş Gülsenay , Büyükbayram Arslan Ayşe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this stu dy was to determine the levels of internalized stigma and social functioning of patients with alcohol use disorders.

Method
The study is cross-sectional and descriptive. The data were collected between August 2017 and August 2018 using face-to-face interviews with 104 alcohol-dependent patients who were undergoing inpatient treatment. The data collection was done so through personal information forms, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS), and the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). Descriptive statistics, t test, and correlation analysis were used in evaluating data.

Results
Analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients showed that the mean age was 47.28 ± 10.10 years and 92.3% of the patients were male. The mean age of patients when they first started drinking alcohol is 19.37 ± 6.25 years. It was determined that 85.5% of the patients were also cigarette smokers, 37.5% were previously treated because of alcohol dependence, and 34.6% are currently having legal problems. Patients' ISMIS mean score was 71.99 ± 13.78, and the mean scores of subscales were moderate. In SFS, the mean scores of the “preliminary social activity” and “leisure activities” subscales and the total scale scores were at a moderate level and those of the other subscales (social withdrawal, interpersonal functionality, independent competence, independent performance, job-profession) were below average. As the ISMIS mean score increases, the SFS subscales' mean scores decrease (p < .05).

Conclusion
Alcohol-dependent patients negatively stigmatize themselves, and the functionality of their prosocial activity skills, along with their recreational activities, is inadequate. Furthermore, as ISMIS tends to increase, SFS (interpersonal functioning, prosocial activities, recreational activities, independence-performance) levels decrease.
Improving the Assessment of Resident Competency
Authors: Taylor Charles M. , Baer Heather , Edgar Laura , Jenkins Jeffrey G. , Harada Nancy , Helkowski Wendy M. , Zumsteg Jennifer M. , Francisco Gerard E. , Sabharwal Sunil , Hamilton Rita G. , Mallow Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 2015, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education published the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Milestones 1.0 as part of the Next Accreditation System. This was the culmination of more than 20 yrs of work on the part of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education to improve graduate medical education competency assessments. The six core competencies were patient care, medical knowledge, systems-based practice, practice-based learning and improvement, professionalism, and interpersonal and communication skills. While providing a good foundation for resident assessment, the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Milestones 1.0 was not without faults. With input from program directors, national organizations, and the public, the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Milestones 2.0 strives to further advance resident assessment, providing improvements through the integration of the harmonized Milestones and the addition of a supplemental guide.
Neonatal complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation does not induce or alter hyperalgesic priming or alter adult distributions of C-fibre dorsal horn innervation
Authors: Cooper Andrew H. , Hanmer Jenna M. , Chapman Victoria , Hathway Gareth J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Inflammation during the neonatal period can exacerbate pain severity following reinjury in adulthood. This is driven by alterations in the postnatal development of spinal and supraspinal nociceptive circuitry. However, the contribution of alterations in peripheral nociceptor function remains underexplored.

Objectives:
We examined whether neonatal complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation induced or altered adult development of hyperalgesic priming (inflammation-induced plasticity in nonpeptidergic C fibres) or altered postnatal reorganization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-expressing and isolectin B4 (IB4)-binding C fibres in the spinal dorsal horn (DH).

Methods:
After intraplantar injection of CFA at postnatal day (P) 1, we assessed mechanical thresholds in adult (P60) rats before and after intraplantar carrageenan. One week later, intraplantar PGE2-induced hypersensitivity persisting for 4 hours was deemed indicative of hyperalgesic priming. CGRP expression and IB4 binding were examined in adult rat DH after CFA.

Results:
P1 CFA did not alter baseline adult mechanical thresholds, nor did it change the extent or duration of carrageenan-induced hypersensitivity. However, this was slower to resolve in female than in male rats. Rats that previously received carrageenan but not saline were primed, but P1 hind paw CFA did not induce or alter hyperalgesic priming responses to PGE2. In addition, CFA on P1 or P10 did not alter intensity or patterns of CGRP or IB4 staining in the adult DH.

Conclusion:
Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation during a critical period of vulnerability to injury during early postnatal development does not induce or exacerbate hyperalgesic priming or alter the broad distribution of CGRP-expressing or IB4-binding afferent terminals in the adult dorsal horn.