bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestión de la innovación en empresas de economía solidaria de Caldas-Colombia
Authors: Henao Gil Andrea Viviana , Bom-Camargo Yomeida Inmaculada , Ovalles Castiblanco Alex Mauricio , Ocampo López Olga Lucía 
Published: October 2020

El Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación en Colombia ha promovido diversas estrategias para mejorar la Gestión de la Innovación, como la estrategia de crecimiento y desarrollo empresarial denominada Pactos por la innovación. El Programa Alianzas para la Innovación, fase inicial de esta estrategia, ha tenido como propósito impulsar la cultura de la innovación. La Cámara de Comercio de Manizales por Caldas ha liderado la implementación de este programa en el departamento. El análisis de los impactos de este programa se ha efectuado mediante una investigación aplicada de tipo explicativo, con el apoyo de investigadores de la Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Para su desarrollo, fue diseñado y validado un instrumento para la recolección y análisis de la información, a partir de los lineamientos de la guía de Ruta de la Innovación definida por Confecamaras. La técnica de investigación de entrevista en profundidad fue aplicada a los directivos de las empresas para la recopilación de la información primaria. Este estudio muestra los resultados para las empresas del Sector Solidario. Los impactos del programa Alianzas para la Innovación; las Actividades de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (ACTI); los beneficios, impulsores y barreras para la innovación; el avance en los componentes de innovación y las brechas en la Gestión de la Innovación fueron objeto de análisis. Las estrategias para el cierre de brechas en este estudio de caso ilustran la necesidad de impulsar estos programas de fomento de cultura y mentalidad innovadora, generación de capacidades en el talento humano para la innovación, consolidación de la estrategia y de los procesos de gestión de la innovación, así como la promoción de proyectos de innovación social.
Measurement of normal optic nerve for Sudanese pediatric using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ahmed Rihab A. Yousif , Suliman Awadia G. , Abdullah Abdulmalek Y. , Mohammed Alrayah A. , Abdulghani Amna R. , Aodalkream Esra N. , Altejany Namarig A. , Edriss Yasir M. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Much congenital and intracranial pathology may affect optic nerve (ON) and caused increased or decreased in size, so the measurement is crucial and aiding in diagnosed of some neurogenic and endocrine disorders. The aim of this study was to measure the normal ON length and diameter by magnetic resonance imaging among pediatric at Khartoum state Sudan.Methods: This was descriptive, cross section study, done in 100 Sudanese pediatrics with age from 1 month to 15 years came to Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) department for MRI brain at three hospitals in Khartoum state (Al-Amal national hospital, Al-Zaitona hospital and Modern Medical Center) during the period from December 2019 to March 2020, all of patients had no pathological or medical condition that may affect the orbits and optic nerve (OON), any child with and medical condition or pathology related to orbits excluded from study sampling. The data were collected by data collection sheet designed especially for this study then analyzed.Results: The study found that the mean diameter of ON was 2.06±0.44 mm, the mean length of right ON was 31.54±4.11 mm, there is no significant different in measurement between males and females (p>0.05), there was strong significant correlation between ON length and diameter with children age (r=0.592**, 0.654**, p<0.001 respectively).Conclusions: The study concluded that there was strong correlation between right and left ON diameter and length with age.
A review article on swine flu
Authors: Himani  , Anand Abhinav , Barwal Amit , Qadrie Zulfkar Lateif , Gautam Surya Prakash 
Published: October 2020

Swine flu, also called Hog or Pig Flu, is a contamination because of someone of the several forms of Swine Influenza Virus (SIV). It is common place through pig populace worldwide. Until now only folks were inside the direct contact with pigs were found to get swine flu. But, H1N1 virus is a brand new swine flu virus and it includes the genetic material of swine, hen and human influenza virus. H1N1 influenza or swine flu is a contagious disease this is as a result of the influenza virus. Infection with the H1N1 influenza virus can bring about intense illness and lifestyles threatening complications. Symptoms of H1N1 flu are similar to the ones of the common place flu and scientists are actively reading the scenario to better recognize its variety of signs and how it is spread. The intensity of this disorder may be lowered with the aid of diagnosing and taking proper treatments.
ACCELERATING DIGITALISATION IN BUSINESS PRACTICES FOR SOCIAL VALUE CREATION: A PERSPECTIVE FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: Syuhada Jasni Nur , Yusoff Haslinda 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the business practices in both; accelerating digitalisation and addressing social issues among Malaysian companies.
Methodology: This study uses a sample consisting of four top telecommunication companies listed in the Bursa Malaysia. This study provides relevant literature on the social value creation concept from the corporate perspective. Besides, content analysis is used to extract relevant information from the particular sustainability report of the companies.
Results: Results indicate that three out of four companies in the sample are very proactive in embracing the social value creation concept that aligned with national objectives and Sustainability Development Goals (SDG). Although, similarly, all companies addressed providing rural and urban poor communities’ digitalisation assistance as their social contributions.
Implications: These results reveal input on the integration of accelerating digitalisation and addressing social issues, that focusing on social value creation. Management should understand that the financial implications has become an important component of social projects in line. Hence should establish effective strategic business strategy towards Integrated Reporting (IR) 4.0 that in reality has significant impact on the society and country.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS AND QUALITY OF BANKING SERVICE APPLIED RESEARCH IN RAFIDAIN AND RASHID BANKS
Authors: Chetheer Mezeal Wafaa 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the Study: This study aims to improve the level of services provided by business organizations and then achieve the objectives they seek.
Methodology: The questionnaire was adopted to execute the applied part of the examination, which was dispersed to the objective example so as to incorporate and gather the important information, and afterward prepared to utilize strategies and techniques by which to recognize the reactions of people who have taken their perspectives regarding the matter of the exploration, utilizing the program (SPSS). v.17) for factual investigation, where various measurable devices and strategies, for example, rates, emphasess, number juggling midpoints, and connection coefficients were chosen to ascertain the measurable markers identified with every poll.
Main findings: The research found that there is a critical effect of the elements of the interior condition on the nature of banking administration five measurements and this outcome is normal, particularly as the two banks are portrayed by acceptable execution in banking and have extraordinary intensity among different banks.
Applications of this study: Environmental analysis is one of the most important steps of strategic planning, which gives business organizations a clear vision about the amount of change in the factors and variables of the environment in which they live.
Originality/Novelty of the study: In fact, there is no clear and specific definition of what can mean the internal environment of the organization may be due to the difference of business organizations in their internal components in terms of size and nature of the activity, potential, and circumstances, and nevertheless writers and researchers tried to give a general perception of the concept of the internal environment of the organization.
The value and use of project-based learning in teacher preparation programs
Authors: Alrajeh Tahani Salman 
Published: October 2020

The study investigated faculty’s value and use of project-based learning (PBL) in preparing student teachers. A convergent mixed methods design was employed in collecting data. Although the participants addressed the need to support the PBL environment and highly reported the use of PBL in their current teaching practices, the ways they explained how to implement PBL do not reflect PBL in real applications. Participants thought that the other types of learner-centered approaches, such as problem-based learning, are the same as PBL, which led to a strong positive correlation between the value and use of PBL. Professional development sessions for faculty members, partnerships with local and international organizations, and continuous evaluation were found helpful in achieving successful implementation of PBL in teacher preparation programs.
Keywords: Teacher education, Project-Based Learning, Student teachers’ preparation programs
The effect of hot seat strategy on the 1st intermediate students' Reading comprehension
Authors: Abid Salih Omar 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of hot seat (HS) on the reading comprehension (RC) of 1st intermediate students during the academic year 2019-2020. To achieve the purpose of the study, it is hypothesized that there is no difference between the students' mean of the experimental group which is exposed to HS and that of control group which is not exposed to HS. The experiment has lasted for three weeks and the researcher has taught the two groups by himself. The researcher has used experimental design and chosen randomly a sample consisted of (63) students distributed into two groups. The experimental group as well as the control group are given a pre-test before beginning the experiment to measure the students' RC. The same test is given again at the end of the experiment in order to check whether the students' have been improved or not. The data has been collected and analyzed by using t-test for two independent samples. The results have showed that there was significant improvement in favour of the experimental group. Finally, some points can be concluded such as the importance of HS in teaching EFL because it increases students’ motivation and makes the lesson more enjoyable and effective. In the light of the findings, some recommendations were put forward.

Keywords: Hot Seat, 1st intermediate Students, Reading Comprehension, EFL
The effect of self- questioning strategy in developing independent thinking in teaching physics
Authors: Al-Swelmyeen Monther Bsharh , Sakarneh Mohammad Abed , Al zabenc Ghadeer Pernec 
Published: October 2020

This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of self- questioning strategy in developing independent thinking in teaching physics. The researcher used the Independent Thinking Test on a purposive sample consisted of (46) students from the first secondary scientific class in Amman schools in Jordan. A quasi-experimental approach was adopted. To analyze the data a statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. The study showed a statistically significant difference between the means of the two groups (experiment and control group) in the independent thinking level and it was in favor of the experimental group. The study recommended preparing and developing teaching programs according to the self-questioning strategy and conducting similar studies on new samples at different age levels and new variables.

Keywords: Self-Questioning, independent Thinking, Physics.
Stress coping strategies of university students
Authors: Hatunoglu Bedri Yavuz 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine university students' strategies for coping with stress in terms of various variables. The study was carried out with 215 girls, 86 boys and 301 people studying at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University in the 2019-2020 academic year. According to the research findings; It was found that students resort to social support, which does not show a desperate approach to the events in which they are more optimistic and confident in their strategies to deal with stress. It has been observed that students have positive behaviors in their strategies to cope with stress, their irrational beliefs and personal control of university students and their thoughts about being externally supervised, and especially believing in luck and striving, are related to their styles of coping with stress. Opinions differed between university students' genders and the faculty variables they studied.
Keywords: Stress, Stress Coping, Stress Coping Strategy, University students,
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Siswa melalui Model Pembelajaran Treffinger pada Materi SPLDV di Kelas VIII-1 SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan
Authors: El Hakim Lukman , Pinta Deniyanti Sampoerno  
Published: October 2020

Abstrak
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa melalui model pembelajaran Treffinger di kelas VIII-1 SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII-1 yang terdiri atas 38 siswa dengan 16 siswa laki-laki dan 22 siswa perempuan. Fokus pengamatan pada dua siswa masing-masing pada kelompok atas, sedang, dan rendah pada materi pembelajaran Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel (SPLDV). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus. Setiap siklus meliputi tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, analisis, dan refleksi. Untuk memeroleh data kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa menggunakan tes kemampuan penalaran matematis. Hasil perolehan nilai untuk setiap subjek penelitian pada siklus I, yaitu SP1 mendapatkan nilai 62,5, SP2 mendapatkan 70,8, SP3 mendapatkan 45,8, SP4 mendapatkan 58,3, SP5 mendapatkan 37,5, dan SP6 mendapatkan 37,5. Pada siklus II nilai tiap SP meningkat, SP1 mendapatkan nilai 75, SP2 mendapatkan 75, SP3 mendapatkan 79,2, SP4 mendapatkan 62,5, SP5 mendapatkan 62,5, dan SP6 mendapatkan 50. Pada siklus III nilai tiap SP juga meningkat, SP1 mendapatkan nilai 79,2, SP2 mendapatkan 79,2, SP3 mendapatkan 83,3, SP4 mendapatkan 75, SP5 mendapatkan 75, dan SP6 mendapatkan 70,8. Ketuntasan klasikal subjek penelitian untuk kemampuan penalaran matematis dalam kategori baik pada siklus III telah mencapai 83,33%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Treffinger dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa kelas VIII-1 SMPN 3 Tangerang Selatan pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel.
Estimates of Direct and Indirect Costs of Ankle Fractures
Authors: Noback Peter C. , Freibott Christina E. , Dougherty Tess , Swart Eric F. , Rosenwasser Melvin P. , Vosseller J. Turner 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The quantification of the costs of ankle fractures and their associated treatments has garnered increased attention in orthopaedics through cost-effectiveness analysis. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the direct and indirect costs of ankle fractures in operatively and nonoperatively treated patients.

Methods:
A prospective, observational, single-center study was performed. Adult patients presenting for an initial consult for an ankle fracture were enrolled and were followed until recurring indirect costs amounted to zero. Patients completed a cost form at every visit that assessed time away from work and the money spent in the last week on transportation, household chores, and self-care due to an ankle fracture. Direct cost data were obtained directly from the hospital billing department.

Results:
Sixty patients were included in this study. With regard to patient characteristics, the mean patient age was 46.5 years, 55% of patients were female, 10% of patients had diabetes, and 17% of patients were active smokers. Weber A fractures composed 12% of fractures, Weber B fractures composed 72% of fractures, and Weber C fractures composed 18% of fractures. Operatively treated patients (n = 37) had significantly higher total costs and direct costs compared with nonoperatively treated patients (p < 0.01). In all patients, losses from missed work accounted for the largest portion of total and indirect costs, with a mean percentage of 35.8% of the total cost. The mean period preceding return to work of the 39 employed patients was 11.2 weeks. Longer periods of return to work were significantly associated with surgical fixation and having less than a college-level education (p < 0.05). The mean time for recurring observed costs to cease was 19.1 weeks.

Conclusions:
In patients treated operatively and nonoperatively, the largest discrete cost component was a specific indirect cost. Indirect costs accounted for a mean of 41.3% of the total cost. Although the majority of the direct costs of ankle fractures are accrued in the period immediately following the injury, indirect cost components will regularly be incurred for nearly 5 months and often longer. To capture the full economic impact of these injuries, future research should include detailed reporting on an intervention’s impact on the indirect costs of ankle fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A protocol for ethanol or isopropanol dosage in hand rub gels
Authors: Akhdar Ayman , Hersant Yael , Gautier Arnaud 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A method of determination of the ethanol or isopropanol content in hydro-alcoholics hand rub solutions is reported. Based on quantitative 1HNMR (q1HNMR), the results are obtained rapidly and accurately. The method is available for viscous solutions to which other simpler techniques do not apply.
Knowledge of dentists, dental auxiliaries, and students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Shahin Suliman , Bugshan Amr , Almulhim Khalid , AlSharief Mishali , Al-Dulaijan Yousif , al-Qarni Faisal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: A questionnaire was developed to assess various dental professionals from both governmental and private sectors through online and social media outlets. Results: A total of 1,033 responses were collected (273 dental students, 193 dental auxiliary personnel, 544 dentists). Moreover, 63.4% of respondents (63.4%) were working in hospitals. Of all respondents, 44.9%, 33.4%, and 21.7% were in governmental clinics, academia, and private sector, respectively. Overall knowledge on incubation period and route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was consistent across all dental professions. Hand-soap cleaning time was statistically different among dental professionals (p < 0.001). The dental professionals displayed significant disagreement on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside the host (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75.1% of respondents were reluctant to treat a suspected COVID-19 patient, and 92% participants believed that the mode of transmission was droplet inhalation. Fever, coughing, and shortness of breath were identified as the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Most standard methods of prevention in the dental office were selected by at least 50% of participants.Conclusions: Dental professionals on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 seems to be consistent when evaluating the virus incubation period. However, virus survivability and recommended hand soap washing time was significantly variable among the professionals. A high degree of apprehension toward suspected COVID-19 patients existed among all dental professionals. Pandemic-awareness campaigns are essential among healthcare providers.
The protective impact of education on brain structure and function in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhu Wanqiu , Li Xiaoshu , Li Xiaohu , Wang Haibao , Li Meiqin , Gao Ziwen , Wu Xingqi , Tian Yanghua , Zhou Shanshan , Wang Kai , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The Cognitive Reserve (CR) theory posits that brains with higher reserve can cope with more cerebral damage to minimize clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of education (CR proxy) on brain structure and function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients and in cognitively healthy elderly (HC) individuals.Methods: Fifty-seven AD patients, 57 aMCI patients and 48 HCs were included to investigate the relationships between education years and gray matter volume (GMV), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) in brain regions to show associations with both structure and function. Taking the severity of the disease into account, we further assessed the relationships in AD stratified analyses.Results: In AD group, the GMV of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and ReHo in the left inferior temporal cortex (ITC) were inversely associated with education years, after adjustment for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and total intracranial volume or head motion parameters. Seed-based FC analyses revealed that education years were negatively correlated with the FC between the left anterior ITC and left mid frontal cortex as well as right superior frontal cortex and right angular gyrus. Stratified analyses results indicated that this negative relation between education and GMV, ReHo, FC was mainly present in mild AD, which was attenuated in moderate AD and aMCI groups.Conclusions: Our results support the CR theory, and suggest that CR may be protective against AD related brain pathology at the early stage of clinical dementia. These findings could provide the locus of CR-related functional brain mechanisms and a specific time-window for therapeutic interventions to help AD patients to cope better with the brain pathological damage by increasing CR.
Spatiotemporal expression of regulatory kinases directs the transition from mitotic growth to cellular morphogenesis
Authors: Yang Shuo , McAdow Jennifer , Du Yingqiu , Trigg Jennifer , Taghert Paul , Johnson Aaron 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Embryogenesis depends on a tightly regulated balance between mitotic growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Understanding how the embryo uses a relatively small number of proteins to transition between growth and morphogenesis is a central question of developmental biology, but the mechanisms controlling mitosis and differentiation are considered to be fundamentally distinct. Here we show the mitotic kinase Polo, which regulates all steps of mitosis from mitotic entry to cytokinesis, also directs cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit. In mitotic cells, Aurora B (AurB) activates Polo to control a cytoskeletal regulatory module that directs cytokinesis. In the post-mitotic mesoderm of late stage embryos, the control of Polo activation transitions to the uncharacterized kinase Back Seat Driver (Bsd), where Bsd activates Polo to direct muscle morphogenesis. The transition between mitotic growth and morphogenesis is accomplished through the spatiotemporal transcriptional regulation of AurB and Bsd. The functions of Bsd and Polo are conserved, arguing that regulating kinase expression to activate cytoskeletal regulatory modules is a widely used strategy to direct cellular morphogenesis.