bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficient Low Latency Multi-issue Cores for Intelligent Always-On IoT Applications
Authors: Multanen Joonas , Kultala Heikki , Tervo Kati , Jääskeläinen Pekka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvanced Internet-of-Things applications require control-oriented codes to be executed with low latency for fast responsivity while their advanced signal processing and decision making tasks require computational capabilities. For this context, we propose three multi-issue core designs featuring an exposed datapath architecture with high performance, while retaining energy-efficiency. These features are achieved with exploitation of instruction-level parallelism, fast branching and the use of an instruction register file. With benchmarks in control-flow and signal processing application domains we measured in the best case 64% reduced energy consumption compared to a state-of-the-art RISC core, while consuming less silicon area. A high-performance design point reaches nearly 2.6 GHz operating frequency in the best case, over 2× improvement, while simultaneously achieving a 14% improvement in system energy-delay product.
Evolution of Human Brain Atlases in Terms of Content, Applications, Functionality, and Availability
Authors: Nowinski Wieslaw L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman brain atlases have been evolving tremendously, propelled recently by brain big projects, and driven by sophisticated imaging techniques, advanced brain mapping methods, vast data, analytical strategies, and powerful computing. We overview here this evolution in four categories: content, applications, functionality, and availability, in contrast to other works limited mostly to content. Four atlas generations are distinguished: early cortical maps, print stereotactic atlases, early digital atlases, and advanced brain atlas platforms, and 5 avenues in electronic atlases spanning the last two generations. Content-wise, new electronic atlases are categorized into eight groups considering their scope, parcellation, modality, plurality, scale, ethnicity, abnormality, and a mixture of them. Atlas content developments in these groups are heading in 23 various directions. Application-wise, we overview atlases in neuroeducation, research, and clinics, including stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, neuroradiology, neurology, and stroke. Functionality-wise, tools and functionalities are addressed for atlas creation, navigation, individualization, enabling operations, and application-specific. Availability is discussed in media and platforms, ranging from mobile solutions to leading-edge supercomputers, with three accessibility levels. The major application-wise shift has been from research to clinical practice, particularly in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, although clinical applications are still lagging behind the atlas content progress. Atlas functionality also has been relatively neglected until recently, as the management of brain data explosion requires powerful tools. We suggest that the future human brain atlas-related research and development activities shall be founded on and benefit from a standard framework containing the core virtual brain model cum the brain atlas platform general architecture.
Ein wattierter Hobbes. Zum Menschen- und Geschichtsbild von John J. Mearsheimer
Authors: Zimmer Matthias 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungJohn J. Mearsheimers neues Buch The Great Delusion. Liberal Dreams and International Realities unterzieht die US-amerikanische Außenpolitik seit dem Ende des Kalten Krieges einer gründlichen Kritik aus der Perspektive des Realismus. Dazu erläutert Mearsheimer die anthropologische Fundierung dieses Zugangs zur internationalen Politik. Diese Analyse zeigt jedoch, dass seine anthropologischen Grundlagen und die Thesen des Realismus nicht zusammenpassen. Hinzu kommt, dass der Wille zum Überleben als unausgesprochene Grundlage der Theorie Mearsheimers heute kooperative Lösungen verlangt.
Analysis of differentially expressed genes in soybean leaf tissue of tolerant and susceptible cultivars under flooding stress revealed by RNA sequencing
Authors: Dhungana Sanjeev K. , Kim Hong-Sik , Kang Beom-Kyu , Seo Jeong-Hyun , Kim Hyun-Tae , Oh Jae-Hyeon , Shin Sang-Ouk , Baek In-Yeol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlooding stress causes severe yield reduction in soybean worldwide. The development of stress-tolerant cultivars could be an effective measure to reduce the negative effects of flooding stress. Molecular information on the gene expression pattern of tolerant and susceptible genotypes under flooding stress could be valuable to improve the flooding tolerance in soybean. The objective of this study was to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed by RNA sequencing in the soybean leaf tissues of tolerant (‘Paldalkong’ and ‘Danbaekkong’) and susceptible (‘NTS1116’) cultivars under flooding stress. Seedlings were grown in a well-watered condition up to the V1–V2 stage and flood-stressed by inundating ~ 10-cm water for 14 days. A total of 22,468 genes were differentially expressed in flood-stressed condition compared to the well-watered control condition, out of which 13,729, 13,405, and 13,160 were differentially expressed in ‘Paldalkong’, ‘Danbaekkong’, and ‘NTS1116’, respectively. A higher number of some of the flooding tolerance-related genes such as lipoxygenase, expansin, glutathione S-transferase, and sugar efflux transporter were up-regulated in the tolerant cultivars than in the susceptible cultivar. The number of some abscisic acid-related transcription factors of basic leucine zipper domain and myeloblastosis families was also higher in the tolerant cultivars than in the susceptible cultivar. The molecular information about the DEGs of tolerant and susceptible cultivars obtained in the present study could be valuable to improve the flooding tolerance in soybeans.
Traffic Regulator Detection Using GPS Trajectories
Authors: Golze Jens , Zourlidou Stefania , Sester Monika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the idea of enriching maps with features predicted from GPS trajectories. More specifically, it proposes a method of classifying street intersections according to traffic regulators (traffic light, yield/priority-sign and right-of-way rule). Intersections are regulated locations and the observable movement of vehicles is affected by the underlying traffic rules. Movement patterns such as stop events or start-and-stop sequences are commonly observed at those locations due to traffic regulations. In this work, we test the idea of detecting traffic regulators by learning them in a supervised way from features derived from GPS trajectories. We explore and assess different settings of the feature vector being used to train a classifier that categorizes the intersections based on traffic regulators; also, we test several experimental setups. The results show that a Random Forest classifier with oversampling and Bagging booster enabled can predict the intersection regulators with 90.4% accuracy. We discuss future research directions and recommend next steps for improving the results of this research.
4391 Big data analysis of adolescent obesity, pregnancy and kidney function
Authors: Bielopolski Dana , Singh Neha , Jiang Caroline , MacArthur Robert Bruce , Vasquez Kimberly , Moftah Dena , Kost Rhonda G , Tobin Jonathan N. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS:
1.Examine the associations among BMI and markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose.2.Assess prevalence of kidney function deterioration, identified as hyperfiltration and moderately increased albuminuria (MIA), in obese compared to normal weight adolescents.METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: De-identified electronic health records (EHR) data were extracted for female adolescents, aged 12-21 years, and their offspring through 24 months, who received health care services (Jan 2012 to Dec 2016) in NYC from 12 academic health centers and community health centers that are part of PCORnet NYC Clinical Data Research Network (NYC-CDRN). Data were analyzed using SAS (version 3.2.5). Patient characteristics overall and for study subgroups were examined using standard summary statistics. Trends in cardio-renal variables were examined by BMI groups coded according to NHANES as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. Multiple linear regression analyses will control for covariates. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Data from 651,066 adolescent females ages 12-21 were retrieved. Analysis was performed on a subset of 202,214 unique patients (26% white, 15% black, 12.9% Latina) for whom there was complete data for BMI and blood pressure. Distribution of BMI was 6% underweight, 59% normal weight, 19% overweight, and 17% obese. There were significant differences in mean systolic (SBP, mean±SD mmHg: 102±12, 108±11, 112±12, 116±12) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mean±SD mmHg: 62±10, 66±8, 68±8.9, 70±9) across the four BMI groups with an increasing trend (p-values<0.0001). We will examine renal function trends, and whether these cardio-renal differences persist when controlling for age, race and ethnicity. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Although SBP/DBP means were within normal limits across BMI groups, significant increasing trends suggest that women in higher BMI groups may be at increased risk for hypertension and potentially for renal dysfunction. We will examine contributions of race/ ethnicity and age to these associations.
4099 Principles of Statistical Education for Translational Scientists in the Age of Rigor, Reproducibility, and Reporting
Authors: Bagiella Emilia , Christos Paul , Kim Mimi , Lee Shing , Vaughan Roger , Zhong Judy 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To describe principles, best practices, and techniques recommended to instill deep understanding of the application and interpretation of statistical techniques and statistical inference among translational scientists and trainees, that best support the concepts of scientific Rigor, Reproducibility and Reporting. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Each of the six New York City Area Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design (BERD) resources have strong educational programs, novel curricular components, and creative strategies, implemented by award winning educators. To capitalize on shared knowledge, innovation, and resources, the six teams formed the New York City Area BERD Collaborative (NYC-ABC) comprised of BERD resources from Mt. Sinai, Cornell, Einstein, Columbia, Rockefeller, and NYU. The collaborative suggests principles, concepts, tools and approaches to support the concepts of scientific Rigor, Reproducibility and Reporting in translational science. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Principles:
Value of team science approach and including biostatisticians early and often.Carefully designing experiments to reduce bias and increase precision.Trainees’ focus is often on “statistical significance” and the p-value. Consequences of data dredging/p-hacking, and the impact of sample size and other factors on statistical significance.Emphasizing the effect size and answering the scientific hypothesis when reporting results.Statistical code used to produce results should be well annotated and raw data posted online to enhance reproducibility.
Approaches:
Incorporate effective multiple modalities (i.e. didactic, demonstrative, hands on workshops, applications, and tools).Approach from “the drivers’ seat” perspective, rather than strictly mathematical.Endorse flipped classroom approachDISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Like any complex discipline, biostatistical education can be approached from several dimensions, but it remains essential to focus on fundamental goals of science. We remind our trainees that the goal of science is to create knowledge, not to “find significance”. Deep understanding of inferential methods and proper interpretation of results are key. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: None.
4243 Developing clinical research units to improve quality, efficiency, and cost effectiveness within an academic institution
Authors: Tsao Peg , Dunn Ashley , Mahaffey Kenneth W 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Stanford CTSA Program has started to create Clinical Research Units (CRUs) with the goal to establish CRUs in all clinical departments by the end of 2020. CRUs will be responsible for managing the portfolio of projects proposed and conducted by faculty within departments. CRUs will be responsible for reviewing all clinical research studies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: CRUs will be an integral part of the Stanford’s research infrastructure, tasked with 5 key functions to ensure clinical research conducted by Stanford investigators: scientific merit, feasibility, funding, compliance, progress. Each CRU will review all clinical research projects proposed by investigators within the department prior to moving forward with IRB review. Studies will be evaluated annually to ensure compliance with the protocol, applicable laws and regulations, and recruitment goals. The Stanford CTSA will provide guidelines, SOPs and personnel to assist CRUs. In fall 2019, a landscape analysis of SoM clinical departments was conducted to identify:
1)similar existing CRU-like systems,2)unique needs of departments/divisions for developing CRUs and3)barriers to implementation.RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Challenges the pilot CRU has faced include communication and concerns regarding additional obstacles to conducting research. However, as study teams moved through the initial CRU formation, the feedback was overwhelmingly positive. Study teams were appreciative of the constructive feedback and the support for setting up studies. Results from the landscape analysis identified CRU-like systems in 5 departments and highlighted concerns regarding resources needed to implement CRUs. Based on feedback from the landscape analysis, a faculty and operational lead was identified in each clinical department to oversee CRU implementation. Facilitated by CTSA personnel, CRU leads have met quarterly since April 2019. Meetings consist of discussing expectations, sharing ideas and identifying potential roadblocks. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: CRUs will constitute a new organizational structure that consists of teams of investigators and staff to promote high quality, efficient clinical research and enhance collaborative opportunities. The CRU leadership will champion new initiatives in CTR and create pathways for investigators to access research infrastructure and resources. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: NA.
4576 Driving Research: An Interdisciplinary, Vibrant, Engaged Network (DRIVEN)
Authors: Reamey Rebecca Avery 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We focus on the following mission aligned activities centered upon optimizing the culture around inclusion, equity and diversity in the clinical and translational research faculty at UAB:
To identify, support and promote Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) faculty award recognition and leadership program participation locally, regionally and nationallyTo identify, support and promote senior faculty representation on DEI-focused regional, national, and international scientific advisory committees of foundation, professional society and federal programsTo identify opportunities and support the development of competitive DEI-focused foundation, professional society and federal grant applicationsTo support the academic advancement, promotion and tenure among DRIVEN communityTo sponsor and convene professional development and social activities for the DRIVEN communityMETHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A partnership of the Center for Clinical and Translational Science Training Academy and the Scientific Community of Outcomes Researchers (SCOR), DRIVEN is a multi-faceted solution to enhance workforce diversity by promoting individual and collective professional development, recognition, and advancement to foster an inclusive, equitable, and diverse research workforce. DRIVEN provides a platform, a community, and a common place where individuals can access resources to more easily identify opportunities aligned with their specific research goals, as well as peer and network support at every step along their professional journey. DRIVEN is uniquely aligned to assist investigators with applying for funding through NIH diversity supplements, foundation opportunities, and other national awards. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: DRIVEN provides networking opportunities, information, and writing support for funding opportunities. Since its inception, less than a year ago, we have seen an increase in writing groups, matched investigators with funding opportunities, and provided networking opportunities for mentors and mentees to meet and for peer mentoring to occur. The interest and momentum surrounding DRIVEN both from internal advisory groups and external advisory groups is significant and will only continue with the endorsement of UAB leadership. DRIVEN is expected to be used as a tool for the recruitment and retention of diverse faculty not only within the UAB community but across the CCTS Partner Network thus changing healthcare in the region. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: According to the NIH, research shows that diverse teams who capitalize on innovative ideas and distinct perspectives outperform less diverse teams. Not only is achieving diversity in the biomedical research workforce critical, but providing diverse researchers with access to support and community is competitive necessity.
4255 Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI) – CTSA-wide podcast opportunity
Authors: Drury Christine , Carroll Aaron E. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS:
The podcasts highlight work from our partners: Indiana University, Purdue University and the University of Notre Dame.Our goal is to expand our podcast reach to include work from at least three additional CTSAs, as well as highlighting the benefits of translational research to the public.METHODS/STUDY POPULATION:
Aaron E. Carroll, is the director of Education and Workforce Development for the Indiana CTSI and a popular writer covering health, research, and policy for The New York Times. He is host of the Indiana CTSI-sponsored Healthcare Triage podcasts as well as the Healthcare Triage YouTube show, with 340,000 subscribers. We will leverage his audience and research expertise to grow the Indiana CTSI podcast participation and increase audience engagement.We will eventually allow the nation-wide network of CTSAs to pitch guests and shows covering Translational Research, and invite local CTSA leadership or faculty to participate in the podcast.RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS:
Utilizing quantitative analytics, we expect to see a significant increase in podcast downloads and listeners as we expand our offering to other CTSAs, beyond IndianaWe expect that the CTSA-wide podcast will increase the nationwide level of knowledge and understanding of NCATS, translational research, and its benefits to society and healthcare.We anticipate, through this expanded podcast offering, a growing number of community members who are informed and engaged on the topics of translational research, clinical and translational sciences and beyond.DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT:
Podcasts are a convenient, portable, and efficient form of science communication.Podcasts also make information personal and offer us an excellent and innovative communications vehicle to spread the word about translational research, as well as the excellent work happening at each of our CTSAs.
4343 Utilization of quantitative and qualitative methodology to characterize patient-level factors associated with sustained data transmission and clinical benefit from remote patient monitoring over 12 months
Authors: Kirkland Elizabeth Barnhardt , Sterba Katie , Mauldin Patrick , Moran William P. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES/GOALS:
1.Identify patient-level factors associated with hemoglobin A1c reduction and sustained device use after 12months of participation in a diabetes and hypertension remote monitoring program2.Utilize qualitative methodology to characterize key barriers and facilitators to remote monitoring engagementMETHODS/STUDY POPULATION: All participants in statewide quality improvement initiative utilizing a cellular-enabled device with glucose and blood pressure monitoring capability will be included in quantitative analysis (N = 302 at baseline and N = 125 at 6 months at the time of analysis). We developed multilevel regression analyses to model factors associated with clinical outcome (hemoglobin A1c change) and transmission frequency over time. Focus groups and surveys will be conducted to identify barriers and facilitators to continued data transmission and hemoglobin A1c change over 12 months. Semi-structured interview guides are mapped to Wagner’s Chronic Care Model. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Overall, program participation was associated with 1.8% and 1.3% A1c reduction at 6 (n = 302) and 12 months (n = 125). Regression models showed no association of age, gender, race, income, or insurance with hemoglobin A1c change. Modeling of patient factors associated with sustained transmission frequency or device use is ongoing. Patient focus groups and surveys are currently being scheduled and qualitative data will be analyzed using content analysis. After completing qualitative and quantitative data analyses independently, we will use graphical matrix configurations (“joint displays”) to synthesize findings. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our goal is to identify variables associated with the likelihood of patients to engage in and benefit from sustained remote monitoring. Results may inform health policy and guide recruitment approaches, implementation strategies, and methodologic design for future trials. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: The authors have no conflicts of interest or disclosures to report
Androgen receptor in satellite cells is not essential for muscle regenerations
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Sato Takahiko , Kanagawa Motoi , Fukada So-ichiro , Imai Yuuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe anabolic effects of androgen on skeletal muscles are thought to be mediated by androgen receptor (AR). Although multiple studies concerning the effects of AR in males have been performed, the molecular mechanisms of AR in skeletal muscles remain unclear. Here we first confirmed that satellite cells from mouse hindlimb muscles express AR. We then generated satellite cell-specific AR knockout mice using Pax7CreERT2 and ARL2/Y mice to test whether AR in satellite cells is necessary for muscle regeneration. Surprisingly, we found that muscle regeneration was compromised in both Pax7CreERT2(Fan)/+ control mice and Pax7CreERT2(Fan)/+;ARL2/Y mice compared to ARL2/Y mice. However, Pax7CreERT2(Gaka)/+;ARL2/Y;R26tdTomato/+ mice showed no significant differences between control and mutant muscle regeneration. These findings indicate that AR in satellite cells is not essential for muscle regeneration. We propose that Pax7CreERT2(Fan)/+ control mice should be included in all experiments, because these mice negatively affect the muscle regeneration and show the mild regeneration phenotype.
Welfare Quality®for dairy cows: towards a sensor-based assessment
Authors: Maroto Molina Francisco , Pérez Marín Carlos C. , Molina Moreno Laura , Agüera Buendía Estrella I. , Pérez Marín Dolores C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis Research Reflection addresses the possibilities for Welfare Quality®to evolve from an assessment method based on data gathered on punctual visits to the farm to an assessment method based on sensor data. This approach could provide continuous and objective data, while being less costly and time consuming. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies enabling the monitorisation of Welfare Quality®measures are reviewed and discussed. For those measures that cannot be assessed by current technologies, some options to be developed are proposed. Picturing future dairy farms, the need for multipurpose and non-invasive PLF technologies is stated, in order to avoid an excessive artificialisation of the production system. Social concerns regarding digitalisation are also discussed.