bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of tetragonola honey combinations Aff.biroi and royal jelly as immunomodulators : immunomodulators modelling in facing the plague of COVID-19
Authors: Yulianti Retno , Pramono Andri , Citra Pradana Dhigna Luthfiyani , Sahlan Muhamad 
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 epidemic caused serious concern around the world. Innate and adaptive immunity prevents occurring acute infection. Immunomodulatory activity tests and increased leucocyte cells in rat have been carried out using honey (H) and royal jelly (RJ). This study aims to prove the combination of honey and royal jelly in increasing the leucocyte profile in male Sprague Dawley rats. This study used 28 rats divided into 7 groups, namely the negative control and positive, single dose group H and single dose RJ and the combination dose 1, dose 2, and dose 3, then on day the 8th and 11th rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2% sheep red blood cell antigen as much as 0.5 ml. Leucocyte profile were carried out on the 8th and 15th days. The results showed significant difference on leukocyte count (p = 0.000), but there was a decrease in the normal range on day 15th. The highest leucocyte count was showed on the honey and the combination 3 group. Leukocyte differential showed no significant difference (p> 0.05). The honey group and the dose combination 3 showed an increase in the number of segment neutrophils. The difference in lymphocyte reduction was seen between the honey and royal jelly group, with the dose combination 3, respectively. There are significant differences in granulocyte cells enhancement between the honey group and the dose combination 3. We concluded that single dose honey can be an immunomodulatory. Dose combination 3 can be an alternative for further research for immunomodulatory supplement product.
El título posesorio en el Derecho Civil Peruano
Authors: Lama More Héctor Enrique 
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo se ocupa de la posesión en el marco del derecho civil peruano y centra su atención en la posesión y el rol del título en el ejercicio de este derecho real.
Se enfoca el derecho real de posesión desde el punto de vista del acto jurídico y el efecto de este como causa del derecho posesorio, así como el derecho que le reconoce la ley al poseedor de un bien.
Título putativo y justo título, interversión del título de la posesión, la posesión mediata e inmediata, posesión legítima e ilegítima, la posesión precaria, son temas que se tratan en el presente artículo.
La colaboracion eficaz como estrategia política procesal contra el crimen en el Perú
Authors: Quiroz Salazar Willian F. 
Published: October 2020

La colaboración eficaz en nuestro país consiste en aportar información válida de un evento delictivo donde el informante haya intervenido como autor, coautor, partícipe del ilícito.
El artículo 472.o del Código Procesal Penal del año 2004 exige que el informante haya declarado voluntariamente sus actividades delictivas, buscando cumplir una doble función; por un lado, la de exigir como requisito que el futuro informante abandone sus actividades ilícitas; y, por otro, la de rol de prevención general. Finalmente, la colaboración eficaz debe ser vista como una estrategia procesal para enfrentar a la impunidad delictiva y para el descubrimiento de las organizaciones criminales.
¿El derecho de defensa: una garantía que realmente se respeta?
Authors: Torres Morales de Ferreyros Sylvia Amelia 
Published: October 2020

El presente trabajo busca llamar la atención sobre la problemática que se presenta cuando se pretende ejercer uno de los derechos fundamentales que está claramente reconocido en nuestra Constitución: el derecho de defensa. Hoy en día no podemos negar que, a pesar de contar con conceptos claros sobre este derecho: «Todos tenemos derecho a una defensa» y «Todos son considerados inocentes hasta que no se pruebe su culpabilidad» (presunción de inocencia), estamos muy lejos de garantizar de manera legítima que todo ello se cumpla.
El trabajo explorará la regulación de este derecho y los problemas que encontramos que lo contaminan y que se yerguen como constantes obstáculos para que este pueda ser adecuadamente ejercido.
ANALISIS SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH PADA PDAM TIRTA MUSI PALEMBANG (Studi Kasus Pengaliran Booster Tegal Binangun)
Authors: Nurudin Riza April , Hamdan Yunan , Ilmiaty Reini Silvia 
Published: October 2020

Banyaknya keluhan pelanggan tentang waktu pengaliran yang relatif singkat, tekanan air yang kecil, serta banyaknya permintaan pemasangan baru untuk air bersih di wilayah Kecamatan Jakabaring dan Kecamatan Plaju maka pada tahun 2019 PDAM Tirta Musi membangun booster pump baru pada wilayah Tegal Binangun yang mempunyai kapasitas penampungan 3000 m3. Dengan adanya permasalahan itulah perlu untuk menganalisis kembali perhitungan kebutuhan air bersih dan tekanan air di wilayah pengaliran Booster Tegal Binangun pada tahun existing dan 5 tahun ke depan serta mensimulasi tekanan air pada jaringan pipa distribusi air bersih dengan menggunakan program WaterCAD. Dari hasil analisis didapat kebutuhan air bersih tahun 2020 (existing) adalah 87,63 lt/det. Proyeksi pertumbuhan pelanggan dalam jangka 5 tahun ke depan (tahun 2025) adalah 11641 sambungan langganan dengan jumlah kebutuhan air bersih sebesar 123,94 lt/det. Hasil simulasi tekanan jaringan pipa dengan menggunakan program WaterCAD didapat nilai tekanan sebesar 0,858 atm pada titik junction J-1375 blok 7 (Jalan Karang Anyar) sampai 2,962 atm pada titik junction J-1965 blok 5 (di Booster Tegal Binangun).

Kata Kunci: Kebutuhan air,Tekanan Air, Program watercad
Mechanism of extraordinary gate-length dependence of quantum dot operation in isoelectronic-trap-assisted tunnel FETs
Authors: Iizuka Shota , Asai Hidehiro , Kato Kimihiko , Hattori Junichi , Fukuda Koichi , Mori Takahiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Current characteristics in quantum dot devices based on isoelectronic-trap-assisted tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) were investigated employing device simulations. It was clarified that in the case of devices with small gate lengths, the quantum-dot-intermediated tunneling distance is almost identical to the gate length, thereby causing gate-length-dependent current intensity. Furthermore, devices with larger gate lengths probabilistically lack quantum dots in the narrow desirable location, thereby hindering the operation of TFETs as quantum dot devices. This study clarifies an important operating mechanism of quantum dot devices based on TFETs and provides the design guidelines for high-temperature operating quantum bit devices.
As Mudanças da Paisagem e sua Influência na Dinâmica do Risco de Erosão na Cidade de Xai-Xai, Moçambique
Authors: Boca Nogar Tomás 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo é resultado da dissertação que objetivou analisar as mudanças paisagísticas e os riscos ambientais associados que ocorrem na cidade de Xai-Xai, sul de Moçambique. Assim, recorreu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica para desenvolver o estado de arte, seguida pela observação das características da paisagem e o método cartográfico. Foram técnicas de coleta de dados: a entrevista não estruturada, o sensoriamento remoto para análises multitemporais das imagens Landsat 5 e 8, classificadas no ArcGis 10.3 e Qgis 2.18, para se produzir a cartografia temática. Para a análise dos riscos, convergiu-se a metodologia de Rossi, com a “Análise Ponderada Hierárquica”. Concluiu-se que a área habitada avança sobre as outras na cidade de Xai-Xai, fixada em 58% ou 80.9 km2 da superfície da cidade. O homem é o agente na mudança da paisagem, através da ocupação desordenada dos espaços e remoção da vegetação. Sugere-se políticas públicas sadias, tendo em vista as suas potencialidades e fragilidades, através da espacialização da especialização.
Application of Anorganic Fertilizers and Seed Soaking Time with Legume Bacteria on Peanut in Tidal Lowland
Authors: Putra Billy Andreas , Zulkifli Tengku Boumedine Hamid , Berliana Yunida , Sijabat Octanina Sari 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the dosage of inorganic fertilizers, soaking time of the inoculation of the legume bacteria strains which were suitable for the growth and yield of peanut in tidal lowland.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted at tidal lowland in Sei Ular Village, Secanggang sub-District, Langkat District, North Sumatra from September to December 2019. The research used randomized block design in factorial. The first factor is the dose of inorganic fertilizers consisting of P0 = un-fertilizer (control), P1= urea 50 kg.ha-1 + TSP 180 kg.ha-1 + KCl 50 kg.ha-1, P2= urea 75 kg.ha-1 + TSP 205 kg.ha-1 + KCl 75 kg.ha-1, P3= urea 100 kg.ha-1 + TSP 230 kg.ha-1 + KCl 100 kg.ha-1. The second factor was the soaking time of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacterial strain consisting of T0= un-soaking time, T1= soaking time for 3 minutes, T2= soaking time for 6 minutes, and T3= soaking time for 9 minutes. Parameters were analyzed using ANOVA and BNJ analysis 5%.·
Results: The application of urea 50 kg.ha-1 + TSP 180 kg.ha-1 + KCl 50 kg.ha-1 significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves, and root volume and showed the highest number of active nodules, dry pods.plot-1 and seed weight.plot-1 compared to other doses. The seed soaking time with the Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain and their interactions showed insignificant differences in all parameters of peanut plants in tidal lowland.
Perception and Factors Influencing Junk Food Consumption among School Children of Pokhara
Authors: Pahari Sandip , Baral Nirdesh 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The main problem with junk foods is that they're low in satiation, that is, people don't feel as full when they eat them, which can lead to overeating. Another problem is that junk food tends to replace other more nutritious foods. In our diet over the time, urbanization and recent development in the foods industries have led to the notable increase in junk food production making them readily available, accessible and affordable. The main objective of this study was to understand the perception and identify factors influencing junk food consumption among school level children of Pokhara.
Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted among 220 students of 12 different private schools of Pokhara of grade 4-9. Systematic random sampling was done to select the required samples and the data was collected using self-administered questionnaire and personal interviews.
Results: Majority (81%) of the students considered junk food consumption to be unhealthy. About half of the students were unaware of the nutritive value, quality of the food, ingredients, preservatives used and negative consequences of junk foods. There is a significant difference between the grade of the students and the average frequency of junk food use per week. The average consumption of junk food increases as the grades of students increases.(Chi square =53.025, p ≤0.01).
Conclusion: Consumption of junk food was notably high due to various enabling factors such as addictive taste, changing lifestyle, propagandist advertising and instant availability. Grade and sex of the students were found to be significant predictors in over consuming junk foods.
Fast Transit Computation Using Tabulated Stellar Intensities
Authors: Short Donald R. , Orosz Jerome A. , Windmiller Gur , Welsh William F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Limb-darkening laws are convenient parameterizations of the stellar intensity center-to-limb variation, and their use is ubiquitous in eclipse and transit modeling. But they are not “laws” in any sense—they are simple approximations of the real intensity variations, and their limitations are becoming more and more apparent as stellar atmosphere models improve and higher precision data become available. When fitting eclipses and transit light curves, one would ideally like to use model intensities that are based on fundamental stellar parameters such as the mass, radius, and effective temperature of the star, rather than a limb-darkening law representation and its coefficients. This is especially true when attempting to detect higher-order effects such as planetary oblateness, rings, satellites, or atmospheres. However, using model intensities requires numerically integrating many small-area “tiles” on the model stellar surface(s), and this has traditionally been too computationally expensive for general use. Here we present a fast technique to compute light curves and the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect that uses tabulated stellar models intensities. This is a step in the development of tools that obviate the need for limb-darkening laws.
A Planar Five-body Problem in a Framework of Heterogeneous and Mass Variation Effects
Authors: Abouelmagd Elbaz I. , A. Ansari Abdullah , Ullah M. Shahbaz , García Guirao Juan Luis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to study the effects of heterogeneous oblate spheroid and variable mass on the motion of the fifth infinitesimal body in the frame of the circular restricted five-body problem, with the imposition that the three primaries are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle and the fourth primary is placed at the center of the equilateral triangle. By using Jeans law and Meshcherskii space transformation, we evaluate the equations of motion and find a quasiJacobian integral. We determine the locations of equilibrium points, the regions of motion, and the attracting domain of in-plane motion. Furthermore, the effects of heterogeneous oblate spheroid and variable mass have been examined with the help of Poincaré surfaces of section. We studied the linear stability of equilibrium points and found that all of them are unstable.
The Solar Neighborhood. XLVI. Revealing New M Dwarf Binaries and Their Orbital Architectures
Authors: Vrijmoet Eliot Halley , Henry Todd J. , Jao Wei-Chun , Dieterich Serge B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We use 20 yr of astrometric data from the REsearch Consortium On Nearby Stars (RECONS) program on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory/SMARTS 0.9 m telescope to provide new insight into multiple star systems in the solar neighborhood. We provide new and updated parallaxes for 210 systems and derive nine high-quality astrometric orbits with periods of 2.49–16.63 yr. Using a total of 542 systems’ parallaxes from RECONS, we compare systems within 25 pc to Gaia DR2 to define criteria for selecting unresolved astrometric multiples from the DR2 results. We find that three out of four unresolved multistar red dwarf systems within 25 pc in DR2 have parallax_error ≥ 0.32 mas, astrometric_gof_al ≥ 56, astrometric_excess_noise_sig ≥ 108.0, ruwe ≥ 2.0, and parallaxes more than ∼10% different from the long-term RECONS results. These criteria have broad applications to any work targeting nearby stars, from studies seeking binary systems to efforts targeting single stars for planet searches.
A NICER View of a Highly Absorbed Flare in GRS 1915+105
Authors: Neilsen J. , Homan J. , Steiner J. F. , Marcel G. , Cackett E. , Remillard R. A. , Gendreau K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
After 26 yr in outburst, the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105 dimmed considerably in early 2018; its flux dropped sharply in mid-2019, and it has remained faint ever since. This faint period, the “obscured state,” is punctuated by occasional X-ray flares, many of which have been observed by NICER as part of our regular monitoring program. Here we present detailed time-resolved spectroscopy of one bright flare, whose spectrum shows evidence of high column density partial covering absorption and extremely deep absorption lines (equivalent widths over 100 eV in some cases). We study the time-dependent ionization of the obscuring gas with xstar, ultimately attributing the absorption to a radially stratified absorber of density ∼1012–1013 cm−3 at ∼few ×1011 cm from the black hole. We argue that a vertically extended outer disk could explain this obscuration. We discuss several scenarios to explain the obscured state, including massive outflows, an increase in the mass accretion rate, and changes in the outer disk that herald the approach of quiescence, but none are entirely satisfactory. Alternative explanations, such as obscuration by the accretion stream impact point, may be testable with current or future data.
Electromagnetic Emission Driven by Electron Beam Instability in the Jovian Polar Regions
Authors: Shi Chen , Zhao Jinsong , Sun Heyu , Huang Chaoyan , Xie Huasheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Upward energetic electron beams are often observed simultaneously with the plasma-wave emission in the Jovian polar regions, where the electron cyclotron frequency Ωce is much larger than the plasma frequency ω
pe. This study gives a comprehensive wave and instability analysis in the extreme plasma environment with Ωce ≫ ω
pe. We find that energetic electron beams can effectively drive the electron acoustic/magnetoacoustic instability. The excited electron acoustic/magnetoacoustic waves distribute from the parallel direction to the highly oblique direction, and their wave frequencies are always below the plasma frequency. These waves are electrostatic at parallel propagation, and exhibit electromagnetic polarization at oblique propagation. These theoretical predictions are qualitatively consistent with the main observed features of electromagnetic fluctuations in the Jovian polar regions. Therefore, we propose that upward electron beam-driven electron acoustic/magnetoacoustic waves can contribute to the plasma-wave emission in Jupiter’s polar environments. Furthermore, energetic electron beam-driven electron acoustic/magnetoacoustic waves may exist in Saturn’s polar regions and solar flare loops, where the extreme plasma condition Ωce ≫ ω
pe is satisfied in these plasma environments.
The Boltzmann-radiation-hydrodynamics Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae with Different Equations of State: The Role of Nuclear Composition and the Behavior of Neutrinos
Authors: Harada Akira , Nagakura Hiroki , Iwakami Wakana , Okawa Hirotada , Furusawa Shun , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Matsufuru Hideo , Yamada Shoichi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using the Boltzmann-radiation-hydrodynamics code, which solves the Boltzmann equation for neutrino transport, we present the results of the simulations with the nuclear equations of state (EOSs) of Lattimer and Swesty (LS) and Furusawa and Shen (FS). We extend the simulation time of the LS model and conduct thorough investigations, though our previous paper briefly reported some of the results. Only the LS model shows the shock revival. This seems to originate from the nuclear composition: the different nuclear composition results in the different energy loss by photodissociation and hence the different strength of the prompt convection and the later neutrino-driven convection. The protoneutron star seen in the FS model is more compact than that in the LS model because the existence of multinuclear species softens the EOS. For the behavior of neutrinos, we examined the flux and the Eddington tensor of neutrinos. In the optically thick region, the diffusion of neutrinos and the dragging by the motion of matter determine the flux. In the optically thin region, the free-streaming determines it. The Eddington tensor is compared with that obtained from the M1-closure relation. The M1-closure scheme overestimates the contribution from the velocity-dependent terms in the semitransparent region.
Oblique Tearing Mode Instability: Guide Field and Hall Effect
Authors: Shi 时 Chen 辰 , Velli Marco , Pucci Fulvia , Tenerani Anna , Innocenti Maria Elena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The tearing mode instability is one important mechanism that may explain the triggering of fast magnetic reconnection in astrophysical plasmas, such as the solar corona and the Earth's magnetosphere. In this paper, the linear stability analysis of the tearing mode is carried out for a current sheet in the presence of a guide field, including the Hall effect. We show that the presence of a strong guide field does not modify the most unstable mode in the 2D wavevector space orthogonal to the current gradient direction, which remains the fastest-growing parallel mode. With the Hall effect, the inclusion of a guide field turns the nondispersive propagation along the guide field direction to a dispersive one. The oblique modes have a wavelike structure along the normal direction of the current sheet and a strong guide field suppresses this structure while making the eigenfunctions asymmetric.
Selective DNA Demethylation Accompanies T Cell Homeostatic Proliferation and Gene Regulation in Lupus-Prone lpr Mice
Authors: Scharer Christopher D , Fortner Karen A , Dragon Julie A , Tighe Scott , Boss Jeremy M , Budd Ralph C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by increased DNA demethylation in T cells, although it is unclear whether this occurs primarily in a subset of SLE T cells. The process driving the DNA demethylation and the consequences on overall gene expression are also poorly understood and whether this represents a secondary consequence of SLE or a primary contributing factor. Lupus-prone lpr mice accumulate large numbers of T cells with age because of a mutation in Fas (CD95). The accumulating T cells include an unusual population of CD4−CD8−TCR-αβ+ (DN) T cells that arise from CD8+ precursors and are also found in human SLE. We have previously observed that T cell accumulation in lpr mice is due to dysregulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation, which parallels an increased expression of numerous genes in the DN subset, including several proinflammatory molecules and checkpoint blockers. We thus determined the DNA methylome in lpr DN T cells compared with their CD8+ precursors. Our findings show that DN T cells manifest discrete sites of extensive demethylation throughout the genome, and these sites correspond to the location of a large proportion of the upregulated genes. Thus, dysregulated homeostatic proliferation in lpr mice and consequent epigenetic alterations may be a contributing factor to lupus pathogenesis.
Vaccination with Intradermal Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Provides Robust Protection against Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis but Not Pulmonary Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques
Authors: Tsujimura Yusuke , Shiogama Yumiko , Soma Shogo , Okamura Tomotaka , Takano Junichiro , Urano Emiko , Murakata Yoshiko , Kawano Akira , Yamakawa Natsuko , Asaka Masamitsu N. , Matsuo Kazuhiro , Yasutomi Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination is being reassessed in accordance with the achievements of clinical tuberculosis (TB) vaccine research. However, the mechanisms ultimately determining the success or failure of BCG vaccination to prevent pulmonary TB remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the protective effects of intradermal BCG vaccination by using specific pathogen–free cynomolgus macaques of Asian origin that were intradermally vaccinated with BCG (Tokyo strain) followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Erdman strain) infection. Intradermal BCG administration generated TB Ag-specific multifunctional CD4 T cell responses in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage and almost completely protected against the development of TB pathogenesis with aggravation of clinical parameters and high levels of bacterial burdens in extrapulmonary organs. However, interestingly, there were no differences in bacterial quantitation and pathology of extensive granulomas in the lungs between BCG-vaccinated monkeys and control animals. These results indicated that the changes in clinical parameters, immunological responses, and quantitative gross pathology that are used routinely to determine the efficacy of TB vaccines in nonhuman primate models might not correlate with the bacterial burden and histopathological score in the lung as measured in this study.