bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cross-Flow Swirl on the Trajectory of Spray in an Annular Passage
Authors: Sikroria Tushar , Kushari Abhijit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental analysis of the impact of swirl number of cross-flowing air stream on liquid jet spray trajectory at a fixed air flow velocity of 42 m/s with the corresponding Mach number of 0.12. The experiments were conducted for 4 different swirl numbers (0, 0.2, 0.42, and 0.73) using swirl vanes at air inlet having angles of 0 deg, 15 deg, 30 deg, and 45 deg, respectively. Liquid to air momentum flux ratio (q) was varied from 5 to 25. High-speed (at 500 fps) images of the spray were captured, and those images were processed using matlab to obtain the path of the spray at various momentum flux ratios. The results show interesting trends for the spray trajectory in swirling air flow. High swirling flows not only lead to spray with lower radial penetration due to sharp bending and disintegration of liquid jet but also result in spray with large spread and spray area. Based on the results, correlations for the spray path have been proposed, which incorporates the effects of the swirl number of the air flow.
Heat Transfer in Fully Developed, Laminar Flows of Dissipative Pseudoplastic and Dilatant Fluids in Circular Conduits
Authors: Capobianchi Massimo , Cangelosi Richard , McGah Patrick M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the results of a numerical study that determined the Nusselt number for hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed, laminar, dissipative flows of pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids through circular conduits. Two boundary conditions were considered, constant heat flux and constant temperature. Constitutive equations were used that describe the entire flow curve, from the zero-shear rate through the infinite shear rate Newtonian regions, so that computed Nusselt numbers are valid for whatever shear rates may exist in the flow field. Nusselt numbers are reported as a function of a dimensionless shear rate parameter that establishes the region of the flow curve where the system is operating and are shown to be bound by the Newtonian and power law values. The conditions required for the system to perform at these asymptotic limits are quantified.
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Augmentation in a Novel Aqueous Binary Mixture of Surfactants
Authors: Pawar Prashant , Najim Abdul , Acharya Anil , Pise Ashok 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the augmentation of heat transfer during pool boiling of a novel aqueous binary mixture of surfactants. The surfactants used were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (anionic), centrimonium bromide (CTAB) (cationic), and nicotine (nonionic). The aqueous binary mixtures SDS–CTAB, CTAB–nicotine, and SDS–nicotine were prepared on the volume percentage basis. A reduction in surface tension was attained by SDS–CTAB, CTAB–nicotine, and SDS–nicotine aqueous mixtures compared to its individual aqueous surfactant solutions at their optimum concentrations. The most significant surface tension result was obtained by the novel SDS–nicotine aqueous binary system at 25:75 volume percentages. The heat transfer augmentation was investigated by studying the single bubble dynamic in the aqueous SDS–nicotine mixture. The investigation was conducted at two values of heat fluxes to probe the effect of heat flux on bubble dynamics. A significant decrement in the bubble departure diameter and a substantial increment in the release frequency was observed for the SDS–nicotine aqueous mixture at both heat fluxes. The heat transfer coefficient was found to be increased by 36.32% and 58.67% compared to saturated water at low and high heat flux, respectively.
A Practical Approach to the Design and Development of Tele-Operated Surgical Robots for Resource Constrained Environments—A Case Study
Authors: Chandrasekaran Karthik , Parameswaran Suraj , Annamraju Srikar , Chandra Sourav , Manickam Ramalingam , Thondiyath Asokan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTele-operation has brought about a paradigm shift in the way minimally invasive surgeries are carried out. Several tele-operated robotic systems have been developed in the last three decades. In this research work, we present a practical approach for the complete design of a six degree-of-freedom (DoF) master–slave tele-operated robotic system with limited resources. This research work elaborates on the methodology followed by us for the complete system design, methods for simplifying the surgical tool design with decoupled DoF wrist utilizing stationary wire guides instead of pulleys, and method of reducing the number of balancing masses required for gravity compensation of master manipulator arms. We also demonstrate the avenues for utilizing compliant mechanism for several mechanisms of the system to reduce complexity and to mitigate the issue of biofouling. The concepts and design methodology described in this paper would serve as a starting point and design guideline for future designers of such systems in resource-constrained environments.
The Multisplit Ventilator System: Design and Function of a Regulated, Shared Ventilator System
Authors: Gaucher Donald J. , Trimble A. Zachary , Yamamoto Brennan E. , Miller Scott F. , Vossler John D. , Mahoney Reid C. , Bellomy Ryan L. , Heilbron William R. , Harvey Scott A. , Johnson Sidney M. , Puapong Devin P. , Woo Russell K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to describe the design and function of the multisplit ventilator system (MSVS); an airflow apparatus that enables physicians to provide individualized, isolated ventilation to up to four patients using a single ventilator. Method: The study design is laboratory assessment of the ability of the MSVS to decouple the pressures and resulting tidal volumes between patient limbs in response to adverse extubation (disconnection) or endotracheal tube occlusion of one of the patients in the system. We compare the airflow decoupling of the MSVS against an existing unregulated split ventilator system (USVS) design over eight prototypical patient pairs. Simulated patient prototypes of varying size, minute ventilation requirement, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) requirement were employed. Result: Respiratory support was developed for varying simulated patient pairs using the MSVS and a USVS. The results demonstrate that patients supported with the MSVS showed significantly smaller changes to tidal volume and PEEP after extubation events, and tidal volume after occlusion events. Conclusion: It was found that the MSVS as a regulated, shared ventilator system effectively buffered simulated patients from clinical changes occurring to another patient connected to the split ventilator. This decoupling ability resulted in significantly smaller changes in delivered support when compared to existing USVS designs, which is an important patient safety consideration if deciding to support multiple patients with a single ventilator.
Numerical Study on Flow and Heat Transfer Performance of Natural Gas in a Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger During Transcritical Liquefaction
Authors: Ma Ting , Zhang Pan , Lian Jie , Ke Hanbing , Wang Wei , Lin Yuansheng , Wang Qiuwang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main cryogenic heat exchanger is a core piece of equipment in the liquefaction of natural gas. The printed circuit heat exchanger is gradually becoming a primary choice for the main cryogenic heat exchanger, because it has good pressure resistance, high efficiency, and compactness. In this work, a numerical simulation is conducted to examine the local flow and heat transfer characteristics of natural gas in the printed circuit heat exchanger during trans-critical liquefaction. It is found that the heat flux density reaches a minimum value and the heat transfer is the worst when the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides is the smallest. Owing to the large variations in physical properties of trans-critical natural gas, the local pressure drop exhibits an upward parabolic shape along the flow direction, and the pressure drop reaches a minimum value near the pseudo-critical point. Finally, the friction factor and heat transfer correlations for natural gas during trans-critical liquefaction are fitted.
Frictional Flexible Pipe Model Using Macroelements
Authors: Provasi Rodrigo , Geremias Toni Fernando , de Arruda Martins Clovis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Flexible pipes are structures composed by many layers varying in composition and shapes, in which the structural behavior is defined by the role it must play. Flexible pipes construction is such that layers are unbounded, allowing relative movement between them and modifying its behavior.
Many approaches are used to model such cables, both analytical and numerical, such as the macroelements model. This sort of model consists in finite elements where geometrical characteristics are taken into account by the formulation and is under development by the authors.
Previous works have shown in detail the modeled cylindrical and helical elements, as well node-to-node connection elements (bounded, frictionless and frictional), which have allowed simplified flexible pipe with bonded elements simulations.
This article will focus on modeling a simplified cable consisting in an external sheath, two armor layers and a polymeric core, since recent advances in the contact formulation opens the possibility to incorporate friction between the layers.
Taking into consideration accuracy, computational time and memory usage, results from macroelements are compared to commercial finite element software.
Drilling Fluid’s Cuttings Bed Removal Properties for Deviated Wellbores
Authors: Ytrehus Jan David , Lund Bjørnar , Taghipour Ali , Carazza Luca , Gyland Knud Richard , Saasen Arild 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Results from cuttings transport tests in laboratory using different field applied oil-based drilling fluids with similar weight and varying viscosities are presented in this paper. The fluids are designed for highly deviated wells, and the cuttings transport performance at relevant wellbore inclinations was investigated.
The experiments have been performed in a flow loop that consists of a 10 meters long test section with 2″ OD freely rotating steel drill string inside a 4″ ID wellbore made of cement. Sand particles were injected while circulating the drilling fluid through the test section. Experiments were performed at three wellbore inclinations: 48, 60 and 90 degrees from vertical. The applied flow loop dimensions are designed so that the results are scalable to field applications; especially for the 12,25″ and 8,5″ sections. The selected setup provides correct shear rate ranges and equal Reynolds number to the field application when the same fluids are applied.
Results show that hole cleaning abilities of the tested fluids vary significantly with well angle, drill string rotation and flow rate. Results support field experience showing that low viscous fluids are more efficient than viscous at higher flow rates and low drill string rotation. As well as per field experience more viscous fluids are efficient in combination with high drill string rotation rates. The results show the effect of cuttings transport efficiency as function of hydraulic frictional pressure drop, demonstrating methods to achieve more optimal hydraulic design in the tested conditions. The key findings have direct relevance to drilling operations.
Parallelized Element-by-Element Solver for Structural Analysis of Flexible Pipes Using Finite Macroelements
Authors: Geremias Toni Fernando , de Arruda Martins Clóvis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to the number of layers and their respective geometrical complexities, finite element analyzes of flexible pipes usually require large-scale schemes, with a high number of elements and degrees-of-freedom. If proper precautions are not taken, such as suitable algorithms and numerical methods, the computational costs of these analyzes may become unfeasible to the current computational standards. Finite macroelements are finite elements formulated for the solution of a specific problem considering and taking advantage of its particularities, such as geometry patterns, in order to obtain computational advantages, as reduced number of degrees-of-freedom and ease of problem description. The element-by-element method (EBE) also fits very well in this context, since it is characterized by the elimination of the global stiffness matrix and its memory consumption grows linearly with the number of elements, besides being highly parallelizable. Over the last decades, several works regarding the EBE method were published in the literature, but none of them directly applied to flexible pipes. Due to the contact elements between the layers, problems with flexible pipes are usually characterized by very large matrix-bandwidth, making the implementation of EBE method more challenging, so that its efficiency and scalability are not compromised. Therefore, this work presents a parallelized implementation of an element-by-element architecture for structural analysis of flexible pipes using finite macroelements, consisting of an extension of a previous work from the same authors. New synchronization algorithms were developed, with scalability improvements, the methodology was extended to other finite macroelements and comparisons were made with a well-stablished FEM software, with significant gains in simulation time and memory consumption.
Safe and Fuel-Efficient Voyage Planning for the Northeast Passage by Combining Reliable Ship Performance, Weather and Ice Forecast Models
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Ringsberg Jonas W. , Ding Li , Rita Fransisco , Fournier Nicolas , Mendes Joana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Northeast Passage in the Arctic between Europe and Asia offers a significantly shorter voyage compared to the Southern route through the Suez Canal. In 2017, the EU research project “Safe maritime operations under extreme conditions: the Arctic case (SEDNA)” was established to perform a comprehensive analysis of Arctic transit shipping and to promote technical solutions for this purpose. This paper is based on the deliverables of the SEDNA project. A voyage planning tool (VPT) for Arctic applications was developed to plan the optimal route regarding ship’s fuel consumption and safety. One of the most advanced metocean and ice forecast model is utilized to provide comprehensive environmental conditions that are synchronized and will be updated frequently during the voyage. The ship energy system model takes into account the various environmental variables as well as ship’s operational conditions to compute the ship performance in both open and ice infested waters. For Arctic operations, specific ice resistance models are implemented in the VPT, and a user has the options of either relying on icebreaker assistance or going for unassisted navigation in part of the entire Arctic passage. Case study voyages of different ship types, route options, staring time, home/destination ports are simulated to demonstrate how various optimal routes are planned and how the transit time and fuel consumption vary. This information is considered being crucial for ship owners for planning their voyages in advance. The continuously updated voyage information from the VPT is particularly helpful for the ship crew if there are specific ship operations and risk mitigation actions that need to be taken care of during the voyage. In addition, this study underlines that a safe and fuel-efficient Arctic passage requires viable voyage planning tools that combine reliable ship performance with weather and ice forecasts.
Influence of Combined Empirical Functions on Slug Flow Predictions of Pipelines With Variable Inclinations
Authors: Zanganeh Hossein , Kurushina Victoria , Srinil Narakorn , Matar Omar K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prediction of internal multiphase flows in subsea pipelines is an integral part of the oil and gas production system design. High mass and pressure fluctuations are often encountered during the operation with a liquid-gas slug flow regime exhibiting a sequence of long gas bubbles and aerated liquid slugs. It is important for industry to realistically identify the slug flow occurrence and predict slug flow characteristics, depending on several multiphase flow-pipe parameters. These may be achieved using a one-dimensional, steady-state, mechanistic model accounting for a mass and momentum balance of the two liquid-gas fluids within a controlled volume often referred to as a slug unit. By reducing a 3-D flow problem to a 1-D one, several empirical or closure correlations and associated empirical coefficients have been introduced in the literature and used in commercial software predicting slug flows in subsea jumpers, pipelines and risers with variable inclinations.
This study aims to investigate the influence of combined 25 closure functions on the predictions of slug flows in horizontal and inclined pipes based on a steady-state mechanistic model for a wide range of superficial liquid and gas velocities. The model with studied closures is implemented by the authors of this study as the numerical tool iSLUG. The model performance is verified with respect to the estimated film liquid holdup, film length and pressure drop per length of a slug unit for an empirically specified translational velocity, slug liquid holdup, slug liquid length and pipe wall wettability. Closure combinations are analyzed using the relative performance factors and compared against available experimental data in order to identify a set of functions suitable for upward, downward and horizontal flows, and the effect of diameter and inclination on the model prediction is considered. The present method and analysis outcomes may further contribute to the improvement of transient liquid-gas flow models to predict more practical cases.
Fracture Behavior of X65 Q&T Seamless Pipeline Steel Under Different Strain Rates and Stress States
Authors: Fudlailah Pratiwi , Paredes Marcelo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dynamic crack propagation in pressurized pipelines is usually investigated by means of lab-scale specimens due to its economic feasibility and material saving. More recently, new generation of pipeline steels have incredibly shown a combined fracture toughness and plastic strength capabilities with even more heavier wall thickness, for which current design standards and practice codes underpredict largely the actual material response under different strain rates. The Drop-Weight Tear Test (DWTT) is commonly used to characterize dynamic fracture behavior of pipeline steel and its numerical implementation with appropriate constitutive equations has become essential in the fundamental understanding of the interaction between fracture process and local stress-strain fields. In the present study, a X65 Q&T seamless pipeline steel is fully characterized under different strain rate levels and stress states for dynamic fracture initiation. A rate dependent phenomenological fracture criterion is proposed in the form of Modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) fracture model coupling with a multiplicative decomposition of the hardening law to describe strain rate effect on post-necking behavior. The model implementation is then validated through a drop-weight tearing analysis on standard and non-standard specimen configurations including different wall thickness.
Sea Ice Thickness Forecast Performance in the Barents Sea
Authors: Hume-Wright Laura , Fiedler Emma , Fournier Nicolas , Mendes Joana , Blockley Ed , Martin Matthew , Eik Kenneth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The presence of sea ice has a major impact on the safety, operability and efficiency of Arctic operations and navigation. While satellite-based sea ice charting is routinely used for tactical ice management, the marine sector does not yet make use of existing operational sea ice thickness forecasting. However, data products are now freely available from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). Arctic asset managers and vessels’ crews are generally not aware of such products, or these have so far suffered from insufficient accuracy, verification, resolution and adequate format, in order to be well integrated within their existing decision-making processes and systems.
The objective of the EU H2020 project “Safe maritime operations under extreme conditions: The Arctic case” (SEDNA) is to improve the safety and efficiency of Arctic navigation. This paper presents a component focusing on the validation of an adaption of the 7-day sea ice thickness forecast from the UK Met Office Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM). The experimental forecast model assimilates the CryoSat-2 satellite’s ice freeboard daily data.
Forecast skill is evaluated against unique in-situ data from five moorings deployed between 2015 and 2018 by the Barents Sea Metocean and Ice Network (BASMIN) Joint Industry Project. The study shows that the existing FOAM forecasts produce adequate results in the Barents Sea. However, while studies have shown the assimilation of CryoSat-2 data is effective for thick sea ice conditions, this did not improve forecasts for the thinner sea ice conditions of the Barents Sea.
Effects of Thickness and Winding Angle of the Laminate on Internal Pressure Capacity of Thermoplastic Composite Pipes
Authors: Xia H. , Shi C. , Wang J. , Bao X. , Li H. , Fu G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thermoplastic composite pipes (TCPs) are increasingly used to transport hydrocarbons and water in the oil and gas industry due to their superior properties including corrosion resistance, thermal insulation, light weight, etc. The cross-section of TCPs generally consists of three layers: inner liner, composite laminate, and outer jacket. Three layers are bonded together and form a solid-wall construction. Inner liner and outer jacket made of thermoplastic polymer provide protective barriers for the laminate to against the inner fluid and outer environment. The laminate is constructed by an even number of helically wounded continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite tapes. In this study, mechanical behaviors of a TCP under an internal pressure were investigated by using analytical and finite element analysis (FEA) methods. The analytical method which is based on the three-dimensional (3D) anisotropy elastic theory can take account of non-uniformly distributed stress and strain through the thickness of the pipe wall. FEA models were setup by using the software ABAQUS to predict the stress distribution of the pipe. 3D Tsai-Wu failure criterion was used to predict the maximum internal pressure of the pipe. Effects of some critical parameters, such as the winding angle of composite tapes and the number of reinforced plies, on the internal pressure capacity of TCPs were studied. Results obtained from the analytical and FEA methods were fairly agreed with each other, which showed that with the increasing of the number of reinforced plies the internal pressure capacity of a TCP gradually increases and approaches to an extreme value. In addition, the optimal winding angle which results the maximum internal pressure is not a constant value, instead, it varies with the increasing thickness of the laminate layer. This study provides useful tools and guidance for the design and analysis of TCPs, and is currently under validation through experiments.