bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary valve annular and right ventricular outflow tract size as predictions values for moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Li Mo‐Qi , Ding Wen‐Hong , Jin Mei , Wang Zhi‐Yuan , Gu Yan , Ye Wen‐Qian , Lu Zhen‐Yu , Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to investigate the variation of right heart structure pre‐ and post‐operation as risk factors for moderate to severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot and the best “cutoff” values for the transannular patch (TAP).MethodsWe collected surgical, echocardiographic, and computed tomographic data of Teralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients over two years and calculated z‐score values based on the echocardiographic data. Based on the PR level after follow‐up, the patients were divided into two groups, trivial to mild PR and moderate to severe PR. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to find the best “cutoff” value for risk factors.ResultsA total of 104 TOF patients were included in our cohort study. From the multivariate analysis, correction strategy (P = .002), difference in zRVOT (OR 1.974, 95% CI 1.354 to 2.878, P < .0001), and zPVA (OR 3.605, 95% CI 1.980 to 6.562, P < .0001) were the significant risk factors for moderate to severe PR. The "cutoff" value for the difference in zPVA that could predict moderate to severe PR in the TAP group was 3, and the optimal "cutoff" value for TAP was −1.4.ConclusionsThe TAP is a risk factor for significant PR after surgery. We recommend the optimal “cutoff” value for TAP is −1.4 calculated using Shan‐Shan Wang’s data set. During the procedure, to limit the RVOT resection and restrict the enlargement of pulmonary annulus within a variation of z‐score as 3 would reduce significant PR.
Technological leadership and sectorial employment growth: A spatial econometric analysis for U.S. counties
Authors: Pede Valerien O. , Florax Raymond J. G. M. , de Groot Henri L. F. , Barboza Gustavo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the determinants of technological catch‐up considering spatial and sectoral aggregation of industries. We investigate how geographical and technological proximity to the technology leader impact regional employment growth. We model technological progress by means of a hierarchical process of catch‐up to the technology leader. We also incorporate measures for knowledge spillover effects to test the roles of competition, specialisation, and diversity at the industry level. Empirical results using data at the county level for different economic sectors (2‐dig NAICS) for the United States indicate that human capital plays a crucial role in promoting sectoral employment growth. The association between technological/geographical distance to the technology leader and employment growth varies across sectors.
Poor reporting of physical activity and exercise interventions in youth mental health trials: A brief report
Authors: Pascoe Michaela C. , Bailey Alan P. , Craike Melinda , Carter Tim , Patten Rhiannon K. , Stepto Nigel K. , Parker Alexandra G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the quality and completeness of the description and reporting of physical activity and exercise interventions delivered to young people to promote mental health or treat mental illness.MethodsWe conducted a series of scoping reviews identifying 64 controlled trials of physical activity and exercise interventions delivered to young people. We extracted: intervention characteristics, personnel and delivery format, the intensity, duration, frequency and type of physical activity or exercise.ResultsThere was limited reporting of intervention details across studies; 52% did not provide information to confidently assess intervention intensity, 29% did not state who delivered the intervention, and 44% did not specify the intervention delivery format.ConclusionsWe recommend that authors adhere to the CONSORT reporting requirements and its intervention reporting extensions, (a) the Template for Intervention Description and Replication, (b) Consensus for Exercise Reporting Template and (c) as part of this, detail the frequency, intensity, time and type of physical activity recommendations and prescriptions. Without this, future trials are unable to replicate and extend previous work to support or disconfirm existing knowledge, leading to research waste and diminishing translation and implementation potential.
Condillac on being human: Language and reflection reconsidered
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the Essay on the Origin of Human Knowledge, Condillac argues that humans develop reason only once they have discovered the function of signs and the use of language in their encounters with others. Commentators like Hans Aarsleff and Charles Taylor believe that a precondition for this discovery is the presence of a special human capacity: the capacity to reflectively relate to what is given in experience. The problem with this claim is that it returns Condillac to a form of innatism from which he was keen to escape, because it assumes that human minds are reflective qua original endowment. I argue that Condillac attributed limited value to explanations based on the static analysis of innate natures and instead opted for a dynamic examination of developmental trajectories enabled through species‐specific embodied experiences. Through this dynamic approach, he was able to do two things at once: explain how it is possible that human cognition is of a unique superior kind, while at the same time defending the view that humans are like any other species in that they form species‐specific mental features through their experiential engagement with the contingent circumstances of life.
Genetic correlations and ecological networks shape coevolving mutualisms
Authors: Assis Ana Paula A. , Thompson John N. , Santana Pamela Cristina , Jordano Pedro , Bascompte Jordi , Guimarães Paulo R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEcological interactions shape the evolution of multiple species traits in populations. These traits are often linked to each other through genetic correlations, affecting how each trait evolves through selection imposed by interacting partners. Here, we integrate quantitative genetics, coevolutionary theory and network science to explore how trait correlations affect the coevolution of mutualistic species not only in pairs of species but also in species‐rich networks across space. We show that genetic correlations may determine the pace of coevolutionary change, affect species abundances and fuel divergence among populations of the same species. However, this trait divergence promoted by genetic correlations is partially buffered by the nested structure of species‐rich mutualisms. Our study, therefore, highlights how coevolution and its ecological consequences may result from conflicting processes at different levels of organisation, ranging from genes to communities.
Stiffness measurement is a biomarker of skin ageing in vivo
Authors: Runel Gaël , Cario Muriel , Lopez‐Ramirez Noémie , Malbouyres Marilyne , Ruggiero Florence , Bernard Laure , Puisieux Alain , Caramel Julie , Chlasta Julien , Masse Ingrid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman skin is particularly vulnerable to age‐related deterioration and undergoes profound structural and functional changes, reflected in the external skin appearance. Skin ageing is characterized by features such as wrinkling or loss of elasticity. Even if research advances have been done concerning the molecular mechanisms that underlie these changes, very few studies have been conducted concerning the structure stiffness of the skin organ as a whole. In this study, we showed, thanks to human skin reconstructs and the Japanese Medaka fish model, that biomechanics is a new biomarker of skin ageing. We revealed that global stiffness measurement by Atomic Force Microscopy, since modulated through ageing in these models, can be a new biomarker of skin ageing, and reflects the profound reorganization of the dermis extracellular matrix, as shown by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Moreover, our data unveiled that the Japanese Medaka fish could represent a highly relevant integrated model to study skin ageing in vivo.
Developing Reflexivity through Group Processes in Psychotherapy Training: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Systemic Family Therapy Trainees’ Experience
Authors: Givropoulou Dimitra , Tseliou Eleftheria 
Published: September 2020

ResumenLo enfoques construccionistas en el ámbito de la terapia familiar sistémica priorizan la reflexividad para promover el desarrollo personal dentro de la capacitación, generalmente apoyándose en procesos grupales. Valiéndonos de un estudio cualitativo que realizamos para abordar la falta de investigaciones relacionadas, presentamos la manera en la que los practicantes de la terapia familiar sistémica experimentan el desarrollo de la reflexividad mediante procesos grupales. Diez practicantes de terapia familiar sistémica participaron en entrevistas semiestructuradas, transcriptas y analizadas con el análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. Los análisis presentados aquí informan tres temas superordinados: el desarrollo de la reflexividad mediante desafíos y recompensas, un espacio reflexivo condicional dentro del grupo de capacitación, el encuentro de la dinámica de identidad mediante procesos grupales reflexivos. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los practicantes experimentan el desarrollo de la reflexividad como un proceso complejo de desarrollo personal relacional que destaca el papel fundamental del grupo de capacitación, pero que depende de ciertas precondiciones. Se subraya la importancia de analizar con mayor profundidad la posibilidad de desarrollo de la reflexividad en los procesos grupales durante la capacitación en psicoterapia.
Biological functions, genetic and biochemical characterization, and NMR structure determination of the small zinc finger protein HVO_2753 from Haloferax volcanii
Authors: Zahn Sebastian , Kubatova Nina , Pyper Dennis J. , Cassidy Liam , Saxena Krishna , Tholey Andreas , Schwalbe Harald , Soppa Jörg 
Published: September 2020

The genome of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii encodes more than 40 one‐domain zinc finger µ‐proteins. Only one of these, HVO_2753, contains four C(P)XCG motifs, suggesting the presence of two zinc binding pockets (ZBPs). Homologs of HVO_2753 are widespread in many euryarchaeota. An in frame deletion mutant of HVO_2753 grew indistinguishably from the wild‐type in several media, but had a severe defect in swarming and in biofilm formation. For further analyses, the protein was produced homologously as well as heterologously in Escherichia coli. HVO_2753 was stable and folded in low salt, in contrast to many other haloarchaeal proteins. Only haloarchaeal HVO_2753 homologs carry a very hydrophilic N terminus, and NMR analysis showed that this region is very flexible and not part of the core structure. Surprisingly, both NMR analysis and a fluorimetric assay revealed that HVO_2753 binds only one zinc ion, despite the presence of two ZBPs. Notably, the analysis of cysteine to alanine mutant proteins by NMR as well by in vivo complementation revealed that all four C(P)XCG motifs are essential for folding and function. The NMR solution structure of the major conformation of HVO_2753 was solved. Unexpectedly, it was revealed that ZBP1 was comprised of C(P)XCG motifs 1 and 3, and ZBP2 was comprised of C(P)XCG motifs 2 and 4. There are several indications that ZBP2 is occupied by zinc, in contrast to ZBP1. To our knowledge, this study represents the first in‐depth analysis of a zinc finger µ‐protein in all three domains of life.
Migration of silver eel, Anguilla anguilla, through three water pumping stations in The Netherlands
Authors: van Keeken Olvin Alior , van Hal Ralf , Winter Hendrik Volken , Wilkes Tony , Griffioen Arie Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEuropean eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), migrating to sea encounter many man‐made structures that can hamper and delay migration or induce mortality. Three pumping stations in Friesland, the Netherlands, were covered with acoustic receivers. Ninety‐three silver eels tagged with acoustic transmitters were released in the polders upstream of the stations and 89% were detected passing a pumping station. The majority of silver eels passed the stations within a day after arriving at the station. Four silver eels stayed for longer than 2 weeks before passage, and 18 were detected at the receiver downstream the pumping station for more than one day, with detections up to several weeks. These detections probably indicated a dead eel, but could also indicate a live eel remaining at the site. Most of the silver eels passed the pumping stations within a day after release, so fish‐friendly pumps will benefit the migrating population most. In the Netherlands, there are several thousand pumping stations. Installing fish passages near these stations is not feasible due to high costs. Prioritising all these sites in relation to the degree of blockage, mortality rates and its relative importance for migratory fish, can maximise the effectiveness of measures and mitigation taken.
Cell‐type specific knockout of peptidylglycine α‐amidating monooxygenase reveals specific behavioral roles in excitatory forebrain neurons and cardiomyocytes
Authors: Powers Kathryn G. , Ma Xin‐Ming , Eipper Betty A. , Mains Richard E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeuropeptides and peptide hormones play a crucial role in integrating the many factors that affect physiologic and cognitive processes. The potency of many of these peptides requires an amidated amino acid at the C‐terminus; a single enzyme, peptidylglycine α‐amidating monooxygenase (PAM), catalyzes this modification. Anxiety‐like behavior is known to be altered in mice with a single functional Pam allele (Pam+/−) and in mice unable to express Pam in excitatory forebrain neurons (PamEmx1‐cKO/cKO) or in cardiomyocytes (PamMyh6‐cKO/cKO). Examination of PAM‐positive and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD)‐positive cells in the amygdala of PamEmx1‐cKO/cKO mice demonstrated the absence of PAM in pyramidal neurons and its continued presence in GAD‐positive interneurons, suggestive of altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. Additional behavioral tests were used to search for functional alterations in these cell‐type specific knockout mice. PamEmx1‐cKO/cKO mice exhibited a less focused search pattern for the Barnes Maze escape hole than control or PamMyh6‐cKO/cKO mice. While wildtype mice favor interacting with novel objects as opposed to familiar objects, both PamEmx1‐cKO/cKO and PamMyh6‐cKO/cKO mice exhibited significantly less interest in the novel object. Since PAM levels in the central nervous system of PamMyh6‐cKO/cKO mice are unaltered, the behavioral effect observed in these mice may reflect their inability to produce atrial granules and the resulting reduction in serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide. In the sociability test, male mice of all three genotypes spent more time with same‐sex stranger mice; while control females showed no preference for stranger mice, female PamEmx1‐cKO/cKO mice showed preference for same‐sex stranger mice in all trials.
Impacts of soil water stress on the acclimated stomatal limitation of photosynthesis: Insights from stable carbon isotope data
Authors: Lavergne Aliénor , Sandoval David , Hare Vincent J. , Graven Heather , Prentice Iain Colin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtmospheric aridity and drought both influence physiological function in plant leaves, but their relative contributions to changes in the ratio of leaf internal to ambient partial pressure of CO2 (χ) – an index of adjustments in both stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate to environmental conditions – are difficult to disentangle. Many stomatal models predicting χ include the influence of only one of these drivers. In particular, the least‐cost optimality hypothesis considers the effect of atmospheric demand for water on χ but does not predict how soils with reduced water further influence χ, potentially leading to an overestimation of χ under dry conditions. Here, we use a large network of stable carbon isotope measurements in C3 woody plants to examine the acclimated response of χ to soil water stress. We estimate the ratio of cost factors for carboxylation and transpiration (β) expected from the theory to explain the variance in the data, and investigate the responses of β (and thus χ) to soil water content and suction across seed plant groups, leaf phenological types and regions. Overall, β decreases linearly with soil drying, implying that the cost of water transport along the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum increases as water available in the soil decreases. However, despite contrasting hydraulic strategies, the stomatal responses of angiosperms and gymnosperms to soil water tend to converge, consistent with the optimality theory. The prediction of β as a simple, empirical function of soil water significantly improves χ predictions by up to 6.3 ± 2.3% (mean ± SD of adjusted‐R2) over 1980–2018 and results in a reduction of around 2% of mean χ values across the globe. Our results highlight the importance of soil water status on stomatal functions and plant water‐use efficiency, and suggest the implementation of trait‐based hydraulic functions into the model to account for soil water stress.
Safety and Tolerability of 3 CGRP Monoclonal Antibodies in Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alex Ashley , Vaughn Caila , Rayhill Melissa 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveWe sought to assess the safety and tolerability of 3 calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies in patients with chronic migraine who have failed multiple classes of migraine preventive therapies.BackgroundCGRP is an important neuromodulator implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. They are approved for the treatment of episodic and chronic migraine. In current clinical practice, CGRP monoclonal antibodies are used in patients who have failed multiple preventive agents, but safety, tolerability, and efficacy have not been well described in real‐world populations outside of clinical trials.MethodsThis was a single‐center, observational, retrospective study in adults with chronic migraine treated with a CGRP monoclonal antibody between May 1, 2018 and September 30, 2019. Charts were reviewed at 0, 3, and 6 months after treatment.ResultsFrom May 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019, 77 patients with chronic migraine were prescribed 90 treatment trials of a CGRP monoclonal antibody. Patients reported adverse outcomes in 2/5 (40.0%) with erenumab 70 mg, 32/46 (69.6%) with erenumab 140 mg, 8/16 (50.0%) with fremanezumab, and 15/23 (65.2%) with galcanezumab. The most frequent adverse effects were constipation and injection site reactions. Adverse effects leading to discontinuation were reported as follows: erenumab 70 mg 1/5 (20.0%), erenumab 140 mg 10/46 (22.7%), fremanezumab 1/16 (6.3%), and galcanezumab 1/23 (4.3%), with 13/90 (14.4%) discontinuation rate overall. The most frequent reasons for discontinuation were lack of improvement in 17/90 (18.9%) and constipation in 4/90 (4.4%). A 50% or greater reduction in the number of severe headache days per month was achieved for 32/66 (48.5%) at 3 months and 17/48 (35.4%) at 6 months.ConclusionsIn patients with chronic migraine, the 3 CGRP monoclonal antibodies were well tolerated, and reduced the number of severe headache days.
Moisturizing mechanism of glycerol and diglycerol on human stratum corneum studied by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Yamada T. , Habuka A. , Hatta I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivePolyols are moisturizers used in cosmetics. Using X‐ray diffraction, we studied the moisturizingmechanism of polyol solutions in the stratum corneum (SC). We examined whether glycerol disrupts the ordered hydrocarbon chain packing structure in isolated SC, as previously proposed in an SC lipid model.MethodsThe SC samples were prepared by treatment with water and aqueous solutions of glycerol, diglycerol and glycerol/diglycerol. To examine the differences in the water‐retention efficiency of polyols, using a solution cell, we performed dynamic X‐ray diffraction to analyse the structural changes that occurred during water removal from the hydrated samples by a stream of dry nitrogen gas. We focused on two structures, the orthorhombic hydrocarbon chain packing structure in the intercellular lipids and the soft keratin in the corneocytes where most of the water is stored.ResultsThe spacing formed by the soft keratin in the corneocytes immersed in a solution of water and diglycerol solution decreased rapidly by water removal. In contrast, it decreased gradually in the corneocytes immersed in a solution of glycerol and glycerol/diglycerol, indicating that the glycerol‐containing solutions maintained the hydrated state of the corneocytes for longer. Furthermore, the characteristic change of the spacing in the orthorhombic hydrocarbon chain packing structure over time was observed during the drying process. The hydrated state was maintained longer, in water, followed by glycerol, diglycerol and glycerol/diglycerol, in increasing order. This is the first study to report such characteristic properties that could be indicators of the capacity of the SC to regulate water.ConclusionThe dynamic X‐ray diffraction experiment on the structure of the soft keratin and the orthorhombic hydrocarbon chain packing structure during the drying of the hydrated SC provides an insight into the moisturizing mechanism of the polyol solutions in the SC. The results show that the glycerol/diglycerol solution functions as an effective SC moisturizer at the molecular level. Further, it was confirmed that the behaviour of glycerol in the isolated SC varies from that proposed in the SC lipid model, wherein glycerol was proposed to prevent the formation of a regular hydrocarbon chain packing structure.
Skin manifestations in patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID‐19 disease: a cross‐sectional study in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Méndez Maestro Irune , Peña Merino Lander , Udondo González del Tánago Begoña , Aramburu González Aida , Orbea Sopeña Ana , Sánchez De Vicente Javier , Ratón Nieto Juan A. , Acebo Mariñas Elvira , Gardeazabal García Jesús 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 cutaneous manifestations have been recently described and classified in five different clinical patterns, including acral erythema‐edema (pseudo‐chilblain), maculopapular exanthemas, vesicular eruptions, urticarial lesions, and livedo or necrosis.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the skin of hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 disease and describe the real prevalence of skin manifestations.MethodsA cross‐sectional study, which included hospitalized patients in Cruces University Hospital from April 14–30, 2020, with a laboratory‐confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 (with polymerase chain reaction and/or serology tests), was conducted. Entire body surface examination was performed by experienced dermatologists to search for cutaneous manifestations related to COVID‐19 disease.ResultsFrom a sample of 75 patients, 14 (18.7%) developed cutaneous manifestations possibly related to COVID‐19. We found six patients with acral erythema‐edema (pseudo‐chilblain) (42.8%), four patients with maculopapular exanthemas (28.6%), two patients with urticarial lesions (14.3%), one patient with livedo reticularis‐like lesions (7.15%), and one patient with vesicular eruption (7.15%).ConclusionsOur study provides a more plausible relationship between the main cutaneous patterns and COVID‐19 in hospitalized patients as all of them had a confirmatory laboratory test. Skin manifestations are frequent but mild with spontaneous resolution. These findings are nonspecific and can be similar to other viral infections and adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients.