bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Alpha Modulators (SPPARMα): New Opportunities to Reduce Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Fruchart Jean-Charles , Hermans Michel P. , Fruchart-Najib Jamila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a major global challenge, which is exacerbated by aging populations and the pandemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Much of the escalating burden of CKD is due to cardiovascular complications. Current treatment guidelines for dyslipidemia in CKD prioritize low-density lipoprotein cholesterol management, but still leave a high residual cardiovascular risk. Targeting elevated triglycerides and low plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a common feature of CKD, could offer additional benefit. There are, however, safety issues with current fibrates (peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha [PPARα] agonists), notably the propensity for elevation in serum creatinine, indicating the need for new approaches.

Recent Findings
Interactions between the ligand and PPARα receptor influence the specificity and potency of receptor binding, and downstream gene and physiological effects. The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha modulator (SPPARMα) concept aims to modulate the ligand structure so as to enhance binding at the PPARα receptor, thereby improving the ligand’s selectivity, potency, and safety profile. This concept has led to the development of pemafibrate, a novel SPPARMα agent. This review discusses evidence that differentiates pemafibrate from current fibrates, especially the lack of evidence for elevation in serum creatinine or worsening of renal function in high-risk patients, including those with CKD.

Summary
Differentiation of pemafibrate from current fibrates aims to address unmet clinical needs in CKD. The ongoing PROMINENT study will provide critical information regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of pemafibrate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including those with CKD, and whether the favorable lipid-modifying profile translates to reduction in residual cardiovascular risk.
Long-Term Prognostic Role of Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography for Stable Angina
Authors: Meah Mohammed N. , Williams Michelle C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of review
Chest pain is a common presentation, and there are a wide variety of ways in which it can be investigated and treated. There is growing interest in whether the way we reach a diagnosis of angina can affect the long-term prognosis. In addition to its unparalleled negative predictive value, computed tomography coronary angiography (CCTA) gives anatomical information on the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. This article discusses recent research into the ability of CCTA to predict and improve long-term prognosis for patients with stable angina.

Recent findings
Results from retrospective studies, randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses all suggest that initial investigation with computed tomography coronary angiography confers a prognostic benefit. In addition, the most recent studies have shown that the assessment of plaque burden and plaque constituents is predictive of long-term outcomes.

Summary
Management of stable chest pain should be guided by a CCTA-based approach. Future research should focus on whether incorporating plaque analysis strategies into clinical practice confers additional benefit.
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Activation System (BAS), and grandiose facets of narcissism
Authors: Subramanian Łukasz , Sękowski Michał , Żemojtel-Piotrowska Magdalena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study examines the temperamental basis of three forms of grandiose narcissism (i.e., agentic, communal, and antagonistic), employing the Behavioral Inhibition System model and three aspects of Behavioral Activation System (i.e., drive, pleasure-seeking, and sensitivity to reward). Using a self-report study conducted on a general Polish sample (N = 657), we found that all forms of narcissism were positively associated with all three aspects of BAS, while BIS was negatively associated with agentic and antagonistic forms. Communal and antagonistic narcissism did not differ in comparison of their correlations with drive and sensitivity to reward, while agentic narcissism indicated the strongest relations to temperament. A multiple regression indicated that each of the three forms of narcissism has its own specific relationship with BIS and of the aspects of BAS. We discuss our findings as useful in explaining how the three forms of narcissism are related to BIS and BAS with the distinction of the latter into its three aspects, indicating substantial differences between agentic and communal narcissism, and specificity of antagonistic narcissism.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists
Authors: de Vries A. A. F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the late autumn of 2019, a new potentially lethal human coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. The pandemic spread of this zoonotic virus has created a global health emergency and an unprecedented socioeconomic crisis. The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the illness caused by SARS-CoV‑2, is highly variable. Most patients (~85%) develop no or mild symptoms, while others become seriously ill, some succumbing to disease-related complications. In this review, the SARS-CoV‑2 life cycle, its transmission and the clinical and immunological features of COVID-19 are described. In addition, an overview is presented of the virological assays for detecting ongoing SARS-CoV‑2 infections and the serological tests for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection. Also discussed are the different approaches to developing a COVID-19 vaccine and the perspectives of treating COVID-19 with antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory agents and anticoagulants/antithrombotics. Finally, the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are briefly touched upon. While there is still much to learn about SARS-CoV‑2, the tremendous recent advances in biomedical technology and knowledge and the huge amount of research into COVID-19 raise the hope that a remedy for this disease will soon be found. COVID-19 will nonetheless have a lasting impact on human society.
Insights into epigenetic patterns in mammalian early embryos
Authors: Xu Ruimin , Li Chong , Liu Xiaoyu , Gao Shaorong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMammalian fertilization begins with the fusion of two specialized gametes, followed by major epigenetic remodeling leading to the formation of a totipotent embryo. During the development of the pre-implantation embryo, precise reprogramming progress is a prerequisite for avoiding developmental defects or embryonic lethality, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For the past few years, unprecedented breakthroughs have been made in mapping the regulatory network of dynamic epigenomes during mammalian early embryo development, taking advantage of multiple advances and innovations in low-input genome-wide chromatin analysis technologies. The aim of this review is to highlight the most recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic remodeling during early embryogenesis in mammals, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility and 3D chromatin organization.
Physicochemical and tribological properties of gemini-type halogen-free dicationic ionic liquids
Authors: Yu Qiangliang , Zhang Chaoyang , Dong Rui , Shi Yijun , Wang Yurong , Bai Yanyan , Zhang Jiaying , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of new halogen-free dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) with different alkyl chain lengths were prepared, and the relationship between the alkyl chain length, physicochemical and tribological properties of ILs, and their role as neat lubricant for steel-steel friction pairs, was investigated. Evaluation of stability during hydrolysis and copper strip corrosion test results show that synthetic ILs are stable and not corrosive to metal contacts, due to the halogen-free anions. The friction and wear test results indicate that ILs with long alkyl chains have excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties, especially at high temperatures. Based on the surface three-dimensional (3D) profiles, electrical contact resistance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) analysis of the worn surfaces of steel discs, we can conclude that the efficiency of ILs is due to the formation of high quality tribofilms that consist of both tribochemical reaction and ordered absorption films.
MOF-Derived Ni1−xCox@Carbon with Tunable Nano–Microstructure as Lightweight and Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorber
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Mengqiu , Yu Xuefeng , You Wenbin , Zhang Jie , Liu Xianhu , Wang Min , Che Renchao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntrinsic electric-magnetic property and special nano-micro architecture of functional materials have a significant effect on its electromagnetic wave energy conversion, especially in the microwave absorption (MA) field. Herein, porous Ni1−xCox@Carbon composites derived from metal-organic framework (MOF) were successfully synthesized via solvothermal reaction and subsequent annealing treatments. Benefiting from the coordination, carbonized bimetallic Ni-Co-MOF maintained its initial skeleton and transformed into magnetic-carbon composites with tunable nano-micro structure. During the thermal decomposition, generated magnetic particles/clusters acted as a catalyst to promote the carbon sp2 arrangement, forming special core-shell architecture. Therefore, pure Ni@C microspheres displayed strong MA behaviors than other Ni1−xCox@Carbon composites. Surprisingly, magnetic-dielectric Ni@C composites possessed the strongest reflection loss value − 59.5 dB and the effective absorption frequency covered as wide as 4.7 GHz. Meanwhile, the MA capacity also can be boosted by adjusting the absorber content from 25% to 40%. Magnetic–dielectric synergy effect of MOF-derived Ni1−xCox@Carbon microspheres was confirmed by the off-axis electron holography technology making a thorough inquiry in the MA mechanism.
Self-Assembly Protein Superstructures as a Powerful Chemodynamic Therapy Nanoagent for Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Zheng Tao , Wang Wentao , Ashley Jon , Zhang Ming , Feng Xiaotong , Shen Jian , Sun Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) remains a formidable challenge in oncology. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) that triggers tumor cell death by reactive oxygen species (ROS) could open up a new door for GBM treatment. Herein, we report a novel CDT nanoagent. Hemoglobin (Hb) and glucose oxidase (GOx) were employed as powerful CDT catalysts. Instead of encapsulating the proteins in drug delivery nanocarriers, we formulate multimeric superstructures as self-delivery entities by crosslinking techniques. Red blood cell (RBC) membranes are camouflaged on the protein superstructures to promote the delivery across blood–brain barrier. The as-prepared RBC@Hb@GOx nanoparticles (NPs) offer superior biocompatibility, simplified structure, and high accumulation at the tumor site. We successfully demonstrated that the NPs could efficiently produce toxic ROS to kill U87MG cancer cells in vitro and inhibit the growth of GBM tumor in vivo, suggesting that the new CDT nanoagent holds great promise for treating GBM.
Sweet ceramics: how saccharide-based compounds have changed colloidal processing of ceramic materials
Authors: Wiecinska Paulina , Zurawska Agnieszka , Falkowski Pawel , Jeong Dae-Yong , Szafran Mikolaj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, we present manifold possibilities of using saccharides and their derivatives in colloidal processing of ceramics. Sugar-based compounds are attractive alternatives for commonly used organic additives, because they are renewable materials, are non-toxic to human skin, and have a positive influence on the rheological behavior and stability of ceramic suspensions which is reflected in the properties of green and sintered bodies. The examined substances include sugar acids (galacturonic and lactobionic acid) as highly effective deflocculants for nanopowders; acryloyl derivatives of monosaccharides and sugar alcohols as organic monomers in gelcasting; polysaccharides as binders; and l-ascorbic acid as an activator of radical polymerization in gelcasting. The multifunctionality of the selected compounds as well as their thermal decomposition during sintering of ceramics is discussed. The study also reviews the related literature focusing on sugar-based compounds in ceramic processing.
The equilibrium states of large networks of Erlang queues
Authors: Martirosyan Davit , Robert Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe equilibrium properties of allocation algorithms for networks with a large number of nodes with finite capacity are investigated. Every node receives a flow of requests. When a request arrives at a saturated node, i.e. a node whose capacity is fully utilized, an allocation algorithm may attempt to reallocate the request to a non-saturated node. For the algorithms considered, the reallocation comes at a price: either extra capacity is required in the system, or the processing time of a reallocated request is increased. The paper analyzes the properties of the equilibrium points of the associated asymptotic dynamical system when the number of nodes gets large. At this occasion the classical model of Gibbens, Hunt, and Kelly (1990) in this domain is revisited. The absence of known Lyapunov functions for the corresponding dynamical system significantly complicates the analysis. Several techniques are used. Analytic and scaling methods are used to identify the equilibrium points. We identify the subset of parameters for which the limiting stochastic model of these networks has multiple equilibrium points. Probabilistic approaches are used to prove the stability of some of them. A criterion of exponential stability with the spectral gap of the associated linear operator of equilibrium points is also obtained.
Failure rate properties of parallel systems
Authors: Arab Idir , Hadjikyriakou Milto , Oliveira Paulo Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study failure rate monotonicity and generalised convex transform stochastic ordering properties of random variables, with an emphasis on applications. We are especially interested in the effect of a tail-weight iteration procedure to define distributions, which is equivalent to the characterisation of moments of the residual lifetime at a given instant. For the monotonicity properties, we are mainly concerned with hereditary properties with respect to the iteration procedure providing counterexamples showing either that the hereditary property does not hold or that inverse implications are not true. For the stochastic ordering, we introduce a new criterion, based on the analysis of the sign variation of a suitable function. This criterion is then applied to prove ageing properties of parallel systems formed with components that have exponentially distributed lifetimes.
Stability and moment bounds under utility-maximising service allocations: Finite and infinite networks
Authors: Shneer Seva , Stolyar Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study networks of interacting queues governed by utility-maximising service-rate allocations in both discrete and continuous time. For finite networks we establish stability and some steady-state moment bounds under natural conditions and rather weak assumptions on utility functions. These results are obtained using direct applications of Lyapunov–Foster-type criteria, and apply to a wide class of systems, including those for which fluid-limit-based approaches are not applicable. We then establish stability and some steady-state moment bounds for two classes of infinite networks, with single-hop and multi-hop message routes. These results are proved by considering the infinite systems as limits of their truncated finite versions. The uniform moment bounds for the finite networks play a key role in these limit transitions.
EQUATIONAL THEORIES OF FIELDS
Authors: MARTIN-PIZARRO AMADOR , ZIEGLER MARTIN 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA first-order theory is equational if every definable set is a Boolean combination of instances of equations, that is, of formulae such that the family of finite intersections of instances has the descending chain condition. Equationality is a strengthening of stability. We show the equationality of the theory of proper extensions of algebraically closed fields and of the theory of separably closed fields of arbitrary imperfection degree.
The MeerKAT telescope as a pulsar facility: System verification and early science results from MeerTime
Authors: Bailes M. , Jameson A. , Abbate F. , Barr E. D. , Bhat N. D. R. , Bondonneau L. , Burgay M. , Buchner S. J. , Camilo F. , Champion D. J. , Cognard I. , Demorest P. B. , Freire P. C. C. , Gautam T. , Geyer M. , Griessmeier J.-M. , Guillemot L. , Hu H. , Jankowski F. , Johnston S. , Karastergiou A. , Karuppusamy R. , Kaur D. , Keith M. J. , Kramer M. , van Leeuwen J. , Lower M. E. , Maan Y. , McLaughlin M. A. , Meyers B. W. , Osłowski S. , Oswald L. S. , Parthasarathy A. , Pennucci T. , Posselt B. , Possenti A. , Ransom S. M. , Reardon D. J. , Ridolfi A. , Schollar C. T. G. , Serylak M. , Shaifullah G. , Shamohammadi M. , Shannon R. M. , Sobey C. , Song X. , Spiewak R. , Stairs I. H. , Stappers B. W. , van Straten W. , Szary A. , Theureau G. , Venkatraman Krishnan V. , Weltevrede P. , Wex N. , Abbott T. D. , Adams G. B. , Burger J. P. , Gamatham R. R. G. , Gouws M. , Horn D. M. , Hugo B. , Joubert A. F. , Manley J. R. , McAlpine K. , Passmoor S. S. , Peens-Hough A. , Ramudzuli Z. R , Rust A. , Salie S. , Schwardt L. C. , Siebrits R. , Van Tonder G. , Van Tonder V. , Welz M. G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe describe system verification tests and early science results from the pulsar processor (PTUSE) developed for the newly commissioned 64-dish SARAO MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa. MeerKAT is a high-gain (${\sim}2.8\,\mbox{K Jy}^{-1}$) low-system temperature (${\sim}18\,\mbox{K at }20\,\mbox{cm}$) radio array that currently operates at 580–1 670 MHz and can produce tied-array beams suitable for pulsar observations. This paper presents results from the MeerTime Large Survey Project and commissioning tests with PTUSE. Highlights include observations of the double pulsar$\mbox{J}0737{-}3039\mbox{A}$, pulse profiles from 34 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) from a single 2.5-h observation of the Globular cluster Terzan 5, the rotation measure of Ter5O, a 420-sigma giant pulse from the Large Magellanic Cloud pulsar PSR$\mbox{J}0540{-}6919$, and nulling identified in the slow pulsar PSR J0633–2015. One of the key design specifications for MeerKAT was absolute timing errors of less than 5 ns using their novel precise time system. Our timing of two bright MSPs confirm that MeerKAT delivers exceptional timing. PSR$\mbox{J}2241{-}5236$exhibits a jitter limit of$<4\,\mbox{ns h}^{-1}$whilst timing of PSR$\mbox{J}1909{-}3744$over almost 11 months yields an rms residual of 66 ns with only 4 min integrations. Our results confirm that the MeerKAT is an exceptional pulsar telescope. The array can be split into four separate sub-arrays to time over 1 000 pulsars per day and the future deployment of S-band (1 750–3 500 MHz) receivers will further enhance its capabilities.
The genetic structure of the marine flatwormStylochoplana pusilla(Rhabditophora: Polycladida) and its use of intertidal snails
Authors: Yamazaki Daishi , Aota Tomoki , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough marine phylogeographers have accumulated knowledge of the evolutionary history of various invertebrates, there is a large bias among the taxa regarding genetic data. The order Polycladida is a typical example for which little genetic information at population level is available. Here, we focused on the polyclad flatwormStylochoplana pusilla, distributed in the Japanese Pacific coastal area.Stylochoplana pusillais known to have commensal relationships with certain intertidal snails, using snails (mainlyMonodonta confusa) as a refugee house. During low tide,S. pusillahides in the mantle cavity of snails to protect themselves from desiccation and predation. Here, we investigated the genetic structure ofS. pusillausing a mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I marker and the species diversity of snails used by it. We found thatS. pusillahas high genetic diversity of its populations. WhileS. pusillashowed a significant genetic differentiation among populations, it was relatively low. In addition, we also showed thatS. pusillaused several intertidal snail species which inhabit various coastal environments. The present study suggestsS. pusillahas sufficient dispersal ability to connect among its local populations. Also, the range of available snails forS. pusillamay help the connectivity among local populations. We provide important knowledge about this invertebrate taxon with a unique ecology, which has been insufficiently studied.
In the Shadow of 1881: The Death of Sultan Jamalul Alam and its Impact on Colonial Transition in Sulu, Philippines from 1881–1904
Authors: Suva Cesar Andres-Miguel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 1881, the southern Philippine archipelago of Sulu was plunged into an extended contest for the succession to its sultanate. With only a tentative peace established by 1894, tensions remained volatile between the districts of Patikul, Parang, Luuk, and Maimbung on the main island of Jolo. These tensions straddled coincided with the transition of the colonial regimes from the Spanish to the US regime in 1899. Therefore, the events of the early years of American rule, most often understood in the context of the American arrival and Spanish departure, were in fact intertwined with the prevailing conflict and rivalry between local candidates vying for the sultanate
Quantification of Uncertainty in Projections of Extreme Daily Precipitation
Authors: Kim Seokhyeon , Eghdamirad Sajjad , Sharma Ashish , Kim Joong Hoon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProjections of extreme precipitation are of considerable interest in a range of design and management applications. These projections, however, can exhibit uncertainty that requires quantification to provide confidence to any application they are used in. This study assesses the uncertainty in projected extreme daily precipitation, separated into model, scenario, and ensemble components using the square root error variance (SREV) rationale. For this, 45 projections of daily precipitation from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are used, consisting of multiple global circulation models and their ensemble members, for a range of Representative Concentration Pathways, allowing assessment across land‐covered areas worldwide. It is found that the uncertainty in dry regions is significantly higher compared to wet regions, raising concerns regarding infrastructure design for the future in arid parts of the world. It is also found that the climate scenarios and initialization contribute significantly to the overall uncertainty, compared to contributions for more nonextreme precipitation simulations. This finding has implications in how design precipitation extremes ought to be projected into the future, with greater attention being paid on a broader selection of emission scenarios and initializations than is the case with projections of nonextreme precipitations.