bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PET/MRI in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Evangelista Laura , Zattoni Fabio , Cassarino Gianluca , Artioli Paolo , Cecchin Diego , dal Moro Fabrizio , Zucchetta Pietro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aim
In recent years, the clinical availability of scanners for integrated positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled the practical potential of multimodal, combined metabolic-receptor, anatomical, and functional imaging to be explored. The present systematic review and meta-analysis summarize the diagnostic information provided by PET/MRI in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials and methods
A literature search was conducted in three different databases. The terms used were “choline” or “prostate-specific membrane antigen - PSMA” AND “prostate cancer” or “prostate” AND “PET/MRI” or “PET MRI” or “PET-MRI” or “positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.” All relevant records identified were combined, and the full texts were retrieved. Reports were excluded if (1) they did not consider hybrid PET/MRI; or (2) the sample size was < 10 patients; or (3) the raw data were not enough to enable the completion of a 2 × 2 contingency table.

Results
Fifty articles were eligible for systematic review, and 23 for meta-analysis. The pooled data concerned 2104 patients. Initial disease staging was the main indication for PET/MRI in 24 studies. Radiolabeled PSMA was the tracer most frequently used. In primary tumors, the pooled sensitivity for the patient-based analysis was 94.9%. At restaging, the pooled detection rate was 80.9% and was higher for radiolabeled PSMA than for choline (81.8% and 77.3%, respectively).

Conclusions
PET/MRI proved highly sensitive in detecting primary PCa, with a high detection rate for recurrent disease, particularly when radiolabeled PSMA was used.
The Prognostic Relevance of the Number and Location of Positive Lymph Nodes for Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma
Authors: Matsui Satoshi , Yamamoto Yusuke , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Imamura Taisuke , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) has been regarded as one of the prognostic factors in patients with ampulla of Vater carcinoma (AC). However, the consensus about an optimal cutoff value of the number of LNMs and the definition of the regional lymph nodes (RLNs) has not been achieved.MethodsThis study included 114 consecutive patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for AC between January 2002 and March 2019.ResultsThe minimum p value approach for the greatest difference in the overall survival classified the number of LNM into none (N0, n = 66), from 1 to 2 (N1, n = 32), and ≥3 LNM (N2, n = 11) (p = 0.004). Distant LNM was defined as M1 (n = 5). Significant differences in relapse‐free survival (RFS) were found between N0 and N1 (p < 0.001), N1 and N2 (p = 0.047), and N1 and M1 (p = 0.044) but not between N2 and M1 (p = 0.683). Moreover, the patients with regional LNM were classified into two groups: Np group (n = 35, LNM only in pancreatic head region) and Nd group (n = 8, LNM in other regional location). Significant differences in the RFS were found between N0 and Np (p < 0.001), Np and Nd (p = 0.004), and Np and M1 (p = 0.033) but not between Nd and M1 (p = 0.883). A Cox proportional hazards analysis for RFS revealed that ≥ 3 LNMs (hazards ratio [HR], 3.22) and LNM except for pancreatic head region (HR, 4.27) were individually independent worse prognostic factors.Conclusions≥3 LNMs and regional LNM except for pancreatic head region were associated with poor prognosis comparable to that of the patients with M1.
Development and Validation of a New Nomogram for Predicting Clinically Relevant Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Huang Xi‐Tai , Huang Chen‐Song , Liu Chen , Chen Wei , Cai Jian‐Peng , Cheng He , Jiang Xing‐Xing , Liang Li‐Jian , Yu Xian‐Jun , Yin Xiao‐Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere lacks an ideal model for accurately predicting clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). This study aimed at developing a nomogram with high accuracy in predicting CR‐POPF after PD.MethodsA total of 1182 patients undergoing PD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University (FAHSYSU, n = 762) and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC, n = 420) between January 2010 and May 2018 were enrolled. The patients from FAHSYSU were assigned as testing cohort, and those from FUSCC were used as external validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive factors for CR‐POPF. Nomogram was developed on the basis of significant predictors. The performance of nomogram was evaluated by area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.ResultsIn testing cohort, 87 out of 762 patients developed CR‐POPF. Three predictors were significantly associated with CR‐POPF, including body mass index ≥24.0 kg/m2, pancreatic duct diameter <3 mm, and drainage fluid amylase on postoperative day 1 ≥2484 units/L (all p ≤ 0.001). Prediction of nomogram was accurate with AUC of 0.934 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.914–0.950) in testing cohort and 0.744 (95% CI: 0.699–0.785) in external validation cohort. The predictive accuracy of nomogram was better than that of previously proposed fistula risk scores both in testing and external validation cohort (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe novel nomogram based on three easily available parameters could accurately predict CR‐POPF after PD. It would have high clinical value due to its accuracy and convenience.
Microwave Ablation Versus Wedge Resection for Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Adjacent to the Pericardium: Propensity Score Analyses of Long-term Outcomes
Authors: Hu Hao , Zhai Bo , Liu Rong , Chi Jia chang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
The present study has compared the long-term outcomes between performing wedge resection (WR) and microwave ablation (MWA) as first-line treatment of stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumors adjacent to the pericardium.

Materials and Methods
Between January 2014 and December 2018, a total of 223 consecutive patients with T1N0 NSCLC underwent first-line treatment by WR (n = 155) or image-guided lung MWA (n = 68). This study has compared the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates between the two treatments before and after propensity score matching. Subgroup analysis of these outcomes was conducted based on the distance from the pericardium.

Results
The median follow-up time was 47 months. Propensity matching yielded 56 pairs of patients. In the two matched groups, the PFS rates in the WR group at 3 and 5 years were 66.0% and 56.0% and 54.0% and 36.0%, respectively, in the MWA group (P = 0.029). Meanwhile, the corresponding OS rates for the WR group at 3 and 5 years were 81.0% and 72.0% and 60.0% and 55.0% in the MWA group, respectively (P = 0.031). Subgroup analysis, done according to the treatment modality, indicated that local tumor recurrence and PFS for NSCLCs that were close but not contiguous to the pericardium were different from those contiguous to the pericardium (P = 0.018 and P = 0.025, respectively).

Conclusion
WR provided better long-term tumor control and OS compared to MWA for stage I NSCLC adjacent to the pericardium as a first-line treatment. MWA can be considered as an alternative option for high-risk and inoperable patients, particularly for tumors that were not contiguous to the pericardium.
Whole-liver histogram and texture analysis on T1 maps improves the risk stratification of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Zhu Hong , Li Ruokun , Lin Huimin , Grimm Robert , Fu Caixia , Yan Fuhua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess whole-liver texture analysis on T1 maps for risk stratification of advanced fibrosis in patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods
This retrospective study included 53 patients. Histogram and texture parameters (volume, mean, SD, median, 5th percentile, 95th percentile, skewness, kurtosis, diff-entropy, diff-variance, contrast, and entropy) of T1 maps were calculated based on the semi-automatically segmented whole-liver volume. A two-step approach combining the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score (NFS) and Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) with the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) for the risk stratification was used. Univariate analysis was performed to identify significant parameters. Logistic regression models were then run on the significant features. Diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
In total, 33 (62%) subjects had a low risk and 20 (38%) subjects had an intermediate-to-high risk of advanced fibrosis. The following significantly different parameters with the best performance were diff-entropy, entropy, and diff-variance, with AUROC 0.837 (95% CI 0.73–0.95), 0.821 (95% CI 0.71–0.94), and 0.807 (95% CI 0.69–0.93). The optimal combination of median, 5th percentile, and diff-entropy as a multivariate model improved the diagnostic performance to diagnose an intermediate-to-high risk of advanced fibrosis with AUROC 0.902(95% CI 0.79–0.97).

Conclusions
Parameters obtained by histogram and texture analysis of T1 maps may be a noninvasive analytical approach for stratifying the risk of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD.

Key Points
• Variable flip angle (VFA) T1 mapping can be used to acquire 3D T1 maps within a clinically acceptable duration.
• Whole-liver histogram and texture parameters on T1 maps in patients with NAFLD can distinguish those with an intermediate-to-high risk of advanced fibrosis.
• The multivariate model of combination of texture parameters improved the diagnostic performance for a high risk of advanced fibrosis and clinical parameters offer no added value to the multivariate model.
Interobserver reliability of the Tile classification system for pelvic fractures among radiologists and surgeons
Authors: Zingg Tobias , Uldry Emilie , Omoumi Patrick , Clerc Daniel , Monier Arnaud , Pache Basile , Moshebah Mohammed , Butti Fabio , Becce Fabio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the interobserver reliability (IOR) of the Tile classification system, and its potential influence on outcomes, for the interpretation of CT images of pelvic fractures by radiologists and surgeons.MethodsRetrospective data (1/2008–12/2016) from 238 patients with pelvic fractures were analyzed. Mean patient age was 44 years (SD 20); 66% were male. There were 54 Tile A, 82 Tile B, and 102 Tile C type injuries. The 30-day mortality rate was 15% (36/238). Six observers, three radiologists, and three surgeons with different levels of experience (attending/resident/intern) classified each fracture into one of the 26 second-order subcategories of the Tile classification. Weighted kappa coefficients were used to assess the IORs for the three main categories and nine first-order subcategories.ResultsThe overall IORs of the Tile system for the main categories and first-order subcategories were moderate (kappa = 0.44) and fair (kappa = 0.31), respectively. IOR was fair to moderate among radiologists, but only fair among surgeons. By level of training, IOR was moderate between attendings and between residents, whereas it was only fair between interns. IOR was moderate to substantial (kappa = 0.56–0.70) between the radiology attending and resident. Association of the Tile fracture type with 30-day mortality was present based on two out of six observer ratings.ConclusionsThe overall IOR of the Tile classification system is only fair to moderate, increases with the level of rater experience and is better among radiologists than surgeons. In the light of these findings, results from studies using this classification system must be interpreted cautiously.Key Points•The overall interobserver reliability of the Tile pelvic fracture classification is only fair to moderate.•Interobserver reliability increases with observer experience and radiologists have higher kappa coefficients than surgeons.•Interobserver reliability has an impact on the association of the Tile classification system with mortality in two out of six cases.
C4F8 plasma treatment for the modification of the focal length of liquid-based plano-convex lenses on different substrates
Authors: Gerhard Christoph , Mielke Gerrit , Tasche Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this contribution, we present a plasma-based approach for modifying the focal length of plano-convex lenses realised by the deposition of droplets made of optical cement. For this purpose, PMMA and soda-lime glass substrates were treated with a direct dielectric barrier discharge plasma at low pressure. To obtain plasma-induced changes in surface energy of the substrates by the formation of functional groups, octafluorocyclobutane (C4F8) was used as process gas. Such treatment lead to a notable decrease in surface energy and especially its polar fraction, which is attributed to the generation of fluorocarbon compounds such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as also confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic measurements. It is shown that this effect has a considerable impact on the contact angle and radius of curvature, respectively, of the deposited cement droplets where differences by a factor of about two were obtained. After curing of the cement, front focal lengths in the range from approx. 5 to 13 mm were realised depending on the duration of the plasma pre-treatment. The cement lenses finally feature dimensions in the range of some millimetres.
Fake gunshot wounds in the skull—post-mortem artifact caused by steel probe during police search for a missing body
Authors: Kaliszan Michał , Dalewski Wojciech , Dawidowska Joanna , Gos Tomasz , Jankowski Zbigniew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a case of a forensic autopsy of a young woman who was murdered and her dismembered body was hidden in soil and water. In the skull of the deceased, in the temporal and occipital regions, the autopsy revealed 3 round, almost identical holes, which looked like small caliber gunshot wounds. Doubts about the cause of these injuries were raised by the fact that despite the decomposition of the body, the continuity of the dura at the site of these holes remained undamaged and the absence of any trace of a bullet’s wound track in the brain, the absence of a foreign body in the cranial cavity, as well as the absence of wounds on the opposite side of the skull that could be exit wounds. A thorough analysis of the investigation and the activities carried out during the search for the missing body allowed to adopt and finally confirm the hypothesis that the above mentioned skull damage occurred during the search for the cut-off head of the deceased in shallow water by means of special tapered conical steel probes used by the rescue/search teams. Due to the structure of such a spike, i.e., a sharp end and then a wide cone, only a superficial puncture of the steel probe tip three times into the skull had taken place, which caused regular, rounded bone damage without damaging the dura and brain. The presented case indicates that sometimes post-mortem artifacts may suggest a completely different origin of wounds, which emphasizes the need for a comprehensive analysis of all possible causes of their occurrence, particularly data concerning the handling of the corpse before it is delivered to the morgue, so as not to make a diagnostic error during autopsy.
A systematic review of neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessments used in clinical trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Beswick Emily , Park Emily , Wong Charis , Mehta Arpan R. , Dakin Rachel , Chandran Siddharthan , Newton Judith , Carson Alan , Abrahams Sharon , Pal Suvankar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Up to 50% of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experience cognitive dysfunction, whilst depression and anxiety are reported in up to 44% and 33%, respectively. These symptoms impact on quality of life, and are associated with a poorer prognosis. Historically, outcomes in clinical trials have focused on the effect of candidate drugs on physical functioning.

Methods
We reviewed the past 25 years of clinical trials of investigative medicinal products in people with ALS, since the licensing of riluzole, and extracted data on frequency and type of assessment for neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. Trial registry databases, including WHO International Trials Registry, European Clinical Trials Register, clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed, were systematically searched for Phase II, III or IV trials registered, completed or published between 01/01/1994 and 31/10/2019. No language restrictions were applied. Outcome measures, exclusion criteria and assessment tool used were extracted.

Results
216 trials, investigating 26,326 people with ALS, were reviewed. 35% assessed neuropsychiatric symptoms, and 22% assessed cognition, as Exclusion Criteria or Outcome Measures. 3% (n = 6) of trials assessed neuropsychiatric symptoms as a Secondary Outcome Measure, and 4% (n = 8) assessed cognition as Outcome Measures; only one trial included assessments for both cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms as Outcome Measures. Three ALS-specific assessments were used in six trials.

Conclusions
Trials for people with ALS have neglected the importance of neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairment. Evaluation of these extra-motor features is essential to understanding the impact of candidate drugs on all symptoms of ALS.

PROPSERO registration
CRD42020175612.
The moderating role of psychosocial working conditions on the long-term relationship between depressive symptoms and work ability among employees from the Baby Boom generation
Authors: Weber Jeannette , Hasselhorn Hans Martin , Borchart Daniela , Angerer Peter , Müller Andreas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Mental disorders have been identified as a leading cause for reduced work ability in industrialized countries. Identification of workplace factors that can increase the work ability of employees with depressive symptoms from the Baby Boom generation is, therefore, highly relevant. This study thus aims to investigate whether changes in psychosocial working conditions can moderate the negative association between depressive symptoms and work ability.

Methods
Two waves with a 3-year time lag of the German lidA cohort study with 3609 participants born in 1959 and 1965 (aged 46 and 52 years at first wave) were analyzed. Self-report data about depressive symptoms at baseline and changes of working conditions from baseline to follow-up were used to calculate main and interaction effects on perceived work ability at follow-up. These analyses were controlled for baseline work ability and working conditions.

Results
Depressive symptoms were predictive for an unfavorable course of work ability from baseline to follow-up (B = − 0.173, 95% CI = − 0.219 to − 0.128). However, no interaction effect between depressive symptoms and psychosocial working conditions was found. Instead, independent from the level of depressive symptoms, a decrease in quantitative demands (B = − 0.279, 95% CI = − 0.326 to − 0.232) and increases in leadership quality (B = 0.242, 95% CI = 0.192–0.292) and development opportunities (B = 0.177, 95% CI = 0.127–0.277) were related to a more favorable course of work ability. Only small effects were found for social support (B = 0.057, 95% CI = 0.008–0.106) and job control (B = 0.043, 95% CI = − 0.005–0.091).

Conclusions
The results indicate that the lagged and negative effect of depressive symptoms on work ability was not moderated by changes in psychosocial working conditions. However, the promotion of favorable working conditions may contribute to a positive development of work ability among employees from the Baby Boom generation independently from the level of depressive symptoms.
Assessing organic material on single-use vessel sealing devices: a comparative study of reprocessed and new LigaSure™ devices
Authors: Chivukula Swathi Ramesh , Lammers Steven , Wagner Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Reprocessed devices must be thoroughly cleaned prior to sterilization to ensure efficacy of sterilization agents. Many single-use devices are not designed to be thoroughly cleaned. Interlocking design features inherent to LigaSure™ vessel sealing devices may prevent thorough cleaning and promote accumulation of human tissue that cannot be removed. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare industry reprocessed and new LigaSure™ vessel sealing devices for organic material.

Methods
A total of 168, 84 new and 84 reprocessed, vessel sealing devices were disassembled and inspected for the presence of residual organic matter using visual, microscopic, and chemical analysis. Devices were randomized and test conductors blinded to group membership. Devices were aseptically disassembled and sent through visual inspection. Next, devices were either examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or exposed to a solution that luminesces in the presence of hemoglobin. Additionally, 165 reprocessed devices were sent to a 3rd party lab for sterility testing via direct immersion culture for 14 days.

Results
Significant amounts of remnant organic material (C, N, O, S, Na, P) were observed with 81/84 reprocessed and 0/84 new devices failing inspection protocols. When tested for the presence of hemoglobin, only 1/12 reprocessed devices passed inspection. SEM of reprocessed devices revealed residues with liquid patterns and diffuse soiling with foreign material. Sterility testing of reprocessed devices revealed a sterility level < 6–3.

Conclusions
The abundance of material resembling human tissue observed on reprocessed VSDs suggests inadequate cleaning prior to sterilization. Atomic and morphological analyses of the remnant materials suggest that bacterial biofilms could also be present. Additionally, surface degradation and release of reinforcing glass fibers from the device were observed. Devices designed for single use can harbor significant amounts of remnant material that likely interfere with the sterilization process.
Refinement of the Maxwell formula for composite reinforced by circular cross-section fibers. Part I: using the Schwarz alternating method
Authors: Andrianov Igor I. , Awrejcewicz Jan , Starushenko Galina A. , Gabrinets Vladimir A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effective properties of the fiber-reinforced composite materials with fibers of circular cross section are investigated. The novel estimation for the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity refining the classical Maxwell formula is derived. The method of asymptotic homogenization is used. For analytical solution of the periodically repeated cell problem, the Schwarz alternating process is employed. The principal term of the refined formula coincides with the classical Maxwell formula. On the other hand, the refined formula can be used far beyond the area of applicability of the Maxwell formula. It can be used for dilute and non-dilute composites. It is confirmed by comparison with known numerical and asymptotic results.