bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical efficiency of lycium-rehmannia pills in treating dry eye symptom
Authors: Lou Lili , Fu Hongling , Liu Hanmin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Dry eye symptom threatens human health and causes a larger burden of disease, the study aims to systematically compare the therapeutic effect of Lycium-rehmannia pills combined with topical eye drops and pure western medicine (western medicine eye drops) on dry eye symptom, to provide a reflection and enlightenment for clinical treatment.

Method:
PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, MEDLINE, CBM, WanFang, VIP, and CNKI databases were searched manually and automatically by the computer until March 2019 and relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected. Article selection and data extraction were conducted by 2 researchers independently, then RevMan 5.3 was applied for meta-analysis.

Result:
Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included, including 1222 patients (eyes = 2382). The meta-analysis results showed that Lycium-rehmannia pills combined with western medicine were superior to the control group in terms of therapeutic efficiency [OR = 4.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) (3.26, 5.89), P < .00001]. There were controversial results that the study group was better than the control group in Basic Schirmer test [MD, 2.46, 95% CI (1.49, 3.44), P < .00001], tear break up time [MD, 3.79, 95% CI (3.57, 4.01), P < .00001], and Fluorescein test [MD, −1.29, 95% CI (−1.42, −1.15), P < .00001], but Lycium-rehmannia pills combined with western medicine could not reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, including eyelid inflammation [OR = 1.00, 95% CI (0.37, 2.72), P = 1.00] and congestion symptom [OR = 0.55, 95% CI (0.18, 1.65), P = .28].

Conclusion:
Lycium-rehmannia pills combined with western medicine is better than the control group of therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of dry eye symptom. Due to the quantity and quality limitations of the literature, there were controversial results that the study group was better than the control group in Basic Schirmer test, Tear break up time, Fluorescein test, and reduced adverse reactions, including inflammation of the eyelids and congestion. The above conclusion needs more clinical trials to test and verify.
The myocardial protective effect of monosodium phosphate cardioplegia in cardiopulmonary bypass in infants with an atrial septal defect
Authors: Yang Fang , Wang Jie , Zhai Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the myocardial protective effect of liquid sodium phosphocreatine cardiac arrest in extracorporeal circulation surgery treating infants with atrial septal defects.
Eighty-four infants with atrial septal defects who required extracorporeal circulation surgery treatment at our hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 were divided into an observation group and a control group through a digitally randomized method, with 42 cases in each group. The control group adopted the conventional modified St Thomas II high potassium cold liquid crystal cardiac arrest, while the observation group adopted the liquid sodium phosphocreatine cardiac arrest.
The myocardial enzyme indexes of the 2 groups 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively were higher than before establishing the cardiopulmonary bypass and the enzyme indexes of the control group at the same time were higher than that of the observation group; adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and other energy levels and the postoperative recovery rate energy levels of the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < .05).
Liquid sodium phosphocreatine cardiac arrest used in extracorporeal circulation surgery treating infants with atrial septal defects can reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, maintain energy supply during ischemia, strengthen the St Thomas II effect, and aid postoperative cardiac function recovery of high potassium cold liquid crystal cardiac arrest used in infants with atrial septal defects and treated with extracorporeal circulation surgery.
Advances in the rehabilitation of intensive care unit acquired weakness
Authors: Chillura Antonino , Bramanti Alessia , Tartamella Francesco , Pisano Maria Francesca , Clemente Elvira , Lo Scrudato Marzia , Cacciato Giuseppe , Portaro Simona , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Naro Antonino 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Traditional physiotherapy is currently the best approach to manage patients with intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW). We report on a patient with ICUAW, who was provided with an intensive, in-patient regimen, that is, conventional plus robot-assisted physiotherapy. Aim of this case study was to assess the efficacy of a combined approach (conventional plus robot-assisted physiotherapy), on muscle strength, overall mobility, and disability burden in a patient with ICUAW in post-ICU intensive rehabilitation setting.

Patient concerns:
A 56-years-old male who was unable to stand and walk independently after hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit. He initially was provided with daily sessions of conventional physiotherapy for 2 months, with mild results.

Diagnosis:
The patient was affected by ICUAW.

Intervention:
Given that the patient showed a relatively limited improvement after conventional physiotherapy, he was provided with daily sessions of robot-aided training for upper and lower limbs and virtual reality-aided rehabilitation for other 4 months, beyond conventional physiotherapy.

Outcomes:
At the discharge (6 months after the admission), the patient reached the standing station and was able to ambulate with double support.

Conclusions:
Our case suggests that patients with ICUAW should be intensively treated in in-patient regimen with robot-aided physiotherapy. Even though our approach deserves confirmation, the combined rehabilitation strategy may offer some advantage in maximizing functional recovery and containing disability.
Wilson disease patient with rare heterozygous mutations in ATP7B accompanied by distinctive nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Li Liangyong , Wang Jiuxiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder of copper metabolism, which exhibits various symptoms due to the combination of environmental and genetic factors. Here, we report a WD patient who displayed distinctive symptom of nocturnal enuresis.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 31-year old woman, who recently developed nocturnal enuresis, combined with hand tremors, trouble speaking, and panic disorder at night.

Diagnosis:
The patient had been diagnosed with WD by Kayser-Fleischer rings, abnormal copper metabolism, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging when she was 17. The diagnosis was further confirmed by genetic analysis, which revealed a compound heterozygous mutations in ATP7B gene (c.2195T>C and c.3044T>C). The patient exhibited nocturnal enuresis, but the ambulatory electroencephalogram, routine urinalysis, residual urine detection, color doppler ultrasound of kidney, ureter, and bladder all displayed no abnormality.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with sodium dimercaptosulphonate, supplemented with Glutathione and Encephalin-inosine.

Outcomes:
The urinary copper excretion level decreased gradually, and the nocturnal enuresis was alleviated along with the neuropsychiatric symptoms by copper chelation therapy.

Conclusion:
In this study, we proved that variants c.2195T>C and c.3044T>C is involved in pathogenesis of WD, and revealed that nocturnal enuresis may be a symptom of WD.
Household financial burden among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Guizhou province, China
Authors: Wang Yun , McNeil Edward B. , Huang Zhongfeng , Chen Ling , Lu Xiaolong , Wang Chengqiong , Chen Huijuan , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) threatens global public health. Poor access to health care due to financial hardship contributes to further transmission of the disease. The study aimed to:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2 hospitals designated for MDR-TB from January to August 2018. Data were collected by interviewing eligible MDR-TB outpatients and reviewing the medical records. The magnitude of financial burden was documented by total cost and distribution of cost components. Catastrophic payments were measured by 2 indicators: catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and catastrophic total costs (CTC), both of which were estimated by incidence and intensity. Their associated factors were determined using logistic regression models.
Of 161 households affected by MDR-TB, the average total costs due to MDR-TB treatment in the first year was US$ 8266 and consisted of 72% direct medical costs, 5% direct non-medical costs and 23% indirect costs (income loss). Thirty seven percent of direct medical costs were covered by insurance. Overall, the incidence of CHE and CTC was 68.3% and 87.0%, respectively. Both incidence and intensity for the 2 defined catastrophic costs increased when a households income decreased. Five significant factors of catastrophic costs were low household income, absence of students in a family, hospital length of stay, male gender, and job/productivity loss.
Households with MDR-TB patients shouldered a high financial burden which was mainly driven by direct medical costs and income loss in Guizhou. Greater catastrophic payments were associated with hospital length of stay and socioeconomic status, especially had a dose-response relationship with households income. Our findings suggest that financial and social protection of local policies for MDR-TB should be improved by preparing a uniform and comprehensive insurance package to cover sufficiently direct medical costs, and introducing social pro-poor assistance policies for risk families to protect them from financial hardship.
Neighborhood socioeconomic status and risk of hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Saunders Milda R. , Ricardo Ana C. , Chen Jinsong , Anderson Amanda H. , Cedillo-Couvert Esteban A. , Fischer Michael J. , Hernandez-Rivera Jesus , Hicken Margaret T. , Hsu Jesse Y. , Zhang Xiaoming , Hynes Denise , Jaar Bernard , Kusek John W. , Rao Panduranga , Feldman Harold I. , Go Alan S. , Lash James P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience significantly greater morbidity than the general population. The hospitalization rate for patients with CKD is significantly higher than the general population. The extent to which neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with hospitalization has been less explored, both in the general population and among those with CKD.
We evaluated the relationship between neighborhood SES and hospitalizations for adults with CKD participating in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Neighborhood SES quartiles were created utilizing a validated neighborhood-level SES summary measure expressed as z-scores for 6 census-derived variables. The relationship between neighborhood SES and hospitalizations was examined using Poisson regression models after adjusting for demographic characteristics, individual SES, lifestyle, and clinical factors while taking into account clustering within clinical centers and census block groups.
Among 3291 participants with neighborhood SES data, mean age was 58 years, 55% were male, 41% non-Hispanic white, 49% had diabetes, and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 44 ml/min/1.73 m2. In the fully adjusted model, compared to individuals in the highest SES neighborhood quartile, individuals in the lowest SES neighborhood quartile had higher risk for all-cause hospitalization (rate ratio [RR], 1.28, 95% CI, 1.09–1.51) and non-cardiovascular hospitalization (RR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.10–1.55). The association with cardiovascular hospitalization was in the same direction but not statistically significant (RR 1.21, 95% CI, 0.97–1.52).
Neighborhood SES is associated with risk for hospitalization in individuals with CKD even after adjusting for individual SES, lifestyle, and clinical factors.
Risk factors for bone flap resorption after autologous bone cranioplasty
Authors: Yang Jingguo , Sun Tong , Yuan Yikai , Li Xuepei , Zhou Yicheng , Guan Junwen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
One of the most common complications following autologous cranioplasty is bone flap resorption (BFR). Severe BFR can lead to revision surgery with implantation of synthetic bone flap and also necessarily lead to higher hospital expenses. This study aims to perform a meta-analysis to summarize available evidence regarding risk factors of BFR requiring a second surgery in patients with autologous cranioplasty.

Methods:
Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that report the incidence and risk factors of BFR among patients with autologous cranioplasty, published in English, will be considered for selection. Three databases from inception to May 2020 will be searched. The process of data selection, quality assessment, and data extraction will be assessed by 2 authors independently. The study quality will be assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist.
The statistical analysis of this meta-analysis will be calculated by Review manager version 5.3.

Results:
The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated through academic conferences and expected to publish in a peer-reviewed journal

Conclusion:
This study will offer high-quality evidence about risk factors for BFR after autologous cranioplasty.

Registration number:
INPLASY202050063.
Effects of salvianolic acid B on liver fibrosis
Authors: Ma Xiaocong , Tang Meiwen , Lu Liying , Zheng Jinghui , Huang Jingjing , Li Junhong , Luo Weisheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Liver fibrosis is a pathological change existing in most chronic liver diseases, which leads to abnormal changes in liver tissue structure and affects the normal physiological function of liver. Without effectively control, liver fibrosis can develop into cirrhosis and increase the risk of liver cancer. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is the main active component in the water-soluble extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza, which is a traditional Chinese medicine usually used for treating cardiovascular and liver diseases. It is reported that Sal B shown a good action against liver fibrosis via numerous signaling pathways, which indicate that Sal B is a potential candidate drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Methods:
We searched the related researches from the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biology Medicine (CBM), Wan fang Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and VIP Database. All the databases were searched from inception to December 2019. No restriction of language, publication date, or publication status. PICO of this systematic review are shown as flowing: P, preclinical studies which evaluated the effects of Sal B on the animal models of liver fibrosis with controlled studies; I, received Sal B as only treat in any dose; C, received normal saline, distilled water, or no treatment; O, the primary outcome include measure will be the decrease in liver fibrosis score, and the secondary outcomes include the index of liver fibrosis. All the included data will be analyzed with the software of Review Manager 5.2 and STATA 14.2.

Discussion:
The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects on anti-liver fibrosis of Sal B, and this will be contribute to drug development and pathological mechanisms of clinical research.

Trial registration:
INPLASY202050101, registered on 28/5/2020.
Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections combined with GP regimen chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC
Authors: Li Juan , Zhu Guang-Hui , Liu Tong-Tong , Xu Bo-Wen , Li Jie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Many research has indicated that some Chinese herb injections (CHIs) might be beneficial in combination with chemotherapy, however, with inconsistent results. Hence, the purpose of this network meta-analysis is to evaluate different CHIs plus cisplatin and gemcitabine (GP) with GP alone in terms of clinical efficacy and safety for treating patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods:
A comprehensive systematic search of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (ISI), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journals Full-Text Database (VIP), Wanfang Database and China Biological Medicine Database (CBM) databases will be conducted to identify eligible studies up to the date of May 2020. The primary outcome measures objective response rate and adverse reactions (nausea and vomiting, leukopenia). The secondary outcome measures median survival time (MST), disease control rate, and quality of life. The methodological qualities, including the risk of bias, will be evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, while confidence in the cumulative evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The network meta-analysis will be performed using WinBUGS 14 and Stata 15.1 software.

Results:
Based on the current evidence, the potential rank of the efficacy and safety of CHIs plus GP chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC will be assessed, and a prioritization regimen will be summarized.

Conclusion:
Evidence from this systematic review could be useful for patients, clinical practitioners, and guideline-makers to select an optimum proposal of CHIs plus GP for advanced NSCLC.

Ethics and dissemination:
It is not necessary for ethical approval because it is based on published studies. The protocol will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at a topic-related conference.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42020167142
Late histological findings in symptomatic COVID-19 patients
Authors: Aiolfi Alberto , Bruni Barbara , Biraghi Tullio , Montisci Andrea , Miceli Antonio , Baronio Barbara , Khor Desmond , Cirri Silvia , Donatelli Francesco , Clemente Claudio , Bona Davide 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Although there have been several studies describing clinical and radiographic features about the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, there is a lack of pathologic data conducted on biopsies or autopsies.

Patient concerns:
A 56-year-old and a 70-year-old men with fever, cough, and respiratory fatigue were admitted to the intensive care unit and intubated for respiratory distress.

Diagnosis:
The nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19 and the chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed the presence of peripheral and bilateral ground-glass opacities.

Interventions:
Both patients developed pneumothoraces after intubation and was managed with chest tube. Due to persistent air leak, thoracoscopies with blebs resection and pleurectomies were performed on 23rd and 16th days from symptoms onset.

Outcomes:
The procedures were successful with no evidence of postoperative air-leak, with respiratory improvement. Pathological specimens were analyzed with evidence of diffuse alveolar septum disruption, interstitium thickness, and infiltration of inflammatory cells with diffuse endothelial dysfunction and hemorrhagic thrombosis.

Lessons:
Despite well-known pulmonary damages induced by the COVID-19, the late-phase histological changes include diffused peripheral vessels endothelial hyperplasia, in toto muscular wall thickening, and intravascular hemorrhagic thrombosis.
Application of stepper in cardiopulmonary exercise test for patients with hemiplegia
Authors: Huang Shu-Chun , Hsu Chih-Chin , Fu Tieh-Cheng , Chen Carl PC , Liao Ming-Feng , Hsu Yi-Hsuan , Wang Jong-Shyan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A method to perform exercise testing for patients with hemiplegia is unavailable though over half of them have cardio-pulmonary disorders. We aimed to assess the reliability and validity of using a stepper in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in this population.
14 stroke patients with hemiplegia who failed to ride the stationary bike were included. Exclusion criteria included manual muscle strength ≦1 in the lower extremity, and conventional contraindications of CPET. They underwent CPET twice by using a stepper to evaluate test–retest reliability and validity. Additionally, 10 healthy participants underwent CPET twice on the cycle ergometer and stepper respectively.
In the test–retest, the ratio of two-time difference to mean was 5.0, 3, 11.3 and 12.0% on average for peak oxygen consumption, peak heart rate (HR), anaerobic threshold and minute ventilation - carbonic dioxide production slope respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of peak oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold were 0.992 and 0.919. In the stepper exercise testing of the hemiplegic participants, the ratio of peak HR to age-predicted maximal HR was 75% on average. Peak respiratory exchange ratio (mean ± standard deviation = 1.17 ± 0.08) was not different from that of healthy controls (1.21 ± 0.09). Notably, VO2 trajectory in relation to work rate is nonlinear and different in the rest-retest.
This is the first research to study CPET variables in detail using stepper in patients with hemiplegia. CPET variables associated with peak are valid and reliable; nonetheless, those with sub-maximum are not. The study provides a method to do exercise testing for the patients with hemiplegia and its notice in application.
Comparison of the perioperative parameters between computer navigation and fluoroscopy guidance for pedicle screw placement
Authors: Li Qianchun , Chen Botao , Chen Rigao , Yu Yang , Jiang Leiming , Fan Xiaohong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Computer navigation technology is gradually applied to the placement of pedicle screws, but its security and effectiveness still lack of high-quality evidence-based medical evidence. In this study, we will perform a systematic review of previously published randomized controlled trials to investigate the accuracy and effectiveness of computer navigation vsersus fluoroscopy guidance for pedicle screw placement.

Methods:
All study protocols adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed (MEDLINE), The excerpta medica database, Web of Science (science and social science citation index), The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register), China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, WanFang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be searched for relevant articles up to 18 April, 2020. We will include randomized controlled trials of computer navigation and fluoroscopy guidance for pedicle screw placement. The Cochrane Handbook (v6) will be used for assessment of study bias and reliability, and a meta-analysis will be performed using STATA 16.0. The main outcome will be the proportion of accurate implanted screws. Additional outcomes including: overall complication rate, radiation dosage, length of surgery, length of stay, estimated blood loss.

Results:
The quality of the assessments will be assessed through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. Data will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusion:
We will evaluate the accuracy and other perioperative parameters between computer navigation and fluoroscopy guidance for pedicle screw placement.

Trial registration number:
PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020172087.