bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL NETWORK STRENGTHS: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS OF A MEASURE OF TIES AMONG OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: LeBlanc Raeann G , Chiodo Lisa , Jacelon Cynthia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To explore a self-report measure of social network features among a sample of older people living with multiple chronic conditions based on the conceptual model of Social Network Influences on Health. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study design using a telephone survey methodology was used. Methods: An exploratory principle component analysis with a varimax rotation was performed on items that measured the identified components (reciprocity, size, proximity, density, general activation, activation when sick, duration, closeness, involvement in health, interaction frequency) of social networks. All items were standardized prior to analyses. Results: Self-report social network data were collected from eighty-four older people living in the community and managing multiple chronic conditions. The principal components model, operationalized as tie strength, contained six items based on factorability: reciprocity, social network size, proximity, density and perception of the activation in general and when sick of close social network members. Results yielded acceptable factorability (KMO = 0.781, Bartlett p 0.70). Two components that had eigenvalues greater than 1.0, explained 61.7% of the total variance. The first factor was interpreted as total social network resources, while the second factor was identified as social network availability. Conclusion: Exploratory principal component analysis supports a measure of social network features, tie strength, that can be tested in future studies. Assessing these variables is useful in identifying specific relationship features critical to managing chronic conditions in older age and advances current measurement of social networks important to living well in older age.
AGING DISPLAYED IN SELF-PORTRAITS OF ARTISTS
Authors: Gogol Manfred 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A self-portrait is a common representation of an artist with different techniques by that artist and emerged since the 15th century. Albrecht Dürer was one of the first artists who performed various self-portraits during his life. The fascinating aspect from a gerontological point of view is that artists show themselves throughout the aging process as well as sometimes with manifest signs of diseases. The poster show self-portraits over the life course from Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69), Vincent van Gogh (1853-90), Ferdinand Hodler (1853-1918), Lovis Corinth (1858-1925), Helene Schjerfbeck (1862-1946), Edvard Munch (1863-1944), Käthe Kollwitz (1867-1945), Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), and Max Beckmann (1884-1950).
NAVIGATING STREET AND SHELTER LIFE: THE CONSEQUENCES OF FORCED MOBILITY FOR OLDER HOMELESS WOMEN
Authors: Gonyea Judith G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older homeless women have largely been an invisible population. Two co-occurring trends however are bringing them into the public spotlight—the aging and the feminization of the adult homeless population. Yet despite the steep increase in their numbers, relatively little research exists about how gender and age intersect to shape the homeless experience. Such information is critical if we are to transform our nation’s homeless system, which is based largely on a male model of homelessness, to better support women at risk or experiencing homelessness. In this presentation, we therefore share findings from our qualitative study of homeless older urban women. Using a phenomenological approach, we conducted and recorded semi-structured, in depth interviews with fifteen chronically homeless women in their fifties. Our analysis process was inductive and iterative with the culminating phases being the generation and interpretation of themes. Our analysis revealed the links between place, social connection, sense of belonging, and identity. The women’s narratives uncovered how the time-space discontinuity, created through homelessness, shaped the struggles they faced in trying to survive in degraded or threatening environments, altering their identities and impacting self-esteem. Also revealed was that mobility is a key factor to maintaining the place-identity connection. The women’s narratives highlighted how forced mobility with constrained choice not only led to their pathways into homelessness but also dominated their daily navigation of street and shelter life. We conclude by exploring the question of how we might redesign policies and programs to disrupt homelessness for women in later life.
REDUCING LONELINESS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH ANIMATRONIC PETS
Authors: Tkatch Rifky , Wu Lizi , Albright Laurie , Murphy James , Schaeffer James , Wicker Ellen , Yeh Charlotte S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pet ownership has been examined as a solution for loneliness. However, multiple challenges of pet ownership exist for older adults. Therefore, research efforts are considering the use of animatronic pets to reduce loneliness. The purpose of this study was to determine if ownership of animatronic pets would decrease loneliness and improve well-being among lonely older adults. Individuals were identified as lonely through a prior survey. Participants were provided with their choice of either an animatronic cat or dog and completed T1, T2, and T3 surveys. Response rates were high; 167 (63%) completed T1 and T2, and 125 (48%) also completed T3. T2 data indicated that loneliness decreased, while mental well-being, resilience, purpose in life, and optimism improved. At T3 mental well-being and purpose and life continued to improve. Animatronic pets appear to provide significant benefits for the well-being of lonely older adults.
HISTORY OF CAREGIVING SURVEILLANCE AT THE CDC, 2005 TO PRESENT
Authors: Bouldin Erin D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research on caregiving has been ongoing for decades, but little systematic data collection at the population level occurred until relatively recently. Surveillance data is critical because it provides an evidence base upon which to make informed decisions about allocating resources, targeting programs, and developing policy. In 2005, CDC and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research funded Dr. Elena Andresen’s proposal to develop a set of questions about caregiving to be used on the BRFSS. This Caregiver Module was piloted in North Carolina and has been used – with some modifications – ever since as an optional module. The Caregiver Module has provided state-level data on the prevalence and types of caregiving provided by community-dwelling adults age 18 and older to people with a variety of conditions and needs. In 2009, the caregiver screening question was included on the BRFSS core, yielding a national estimate of caregiving prevalence of 24.7%.
ELIGIBILITY FOR LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY LUNG CANCER SCREENING IN OLDER ASIAN AMERICAN SMOKERS
Authors: Li Chien-Ching , Choi Kelsey , Matthews Alicia , Shah Raj 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Asian Americans. Low-dose computed tomography lung cancer (LDCT) screening is an effective way to decrease lung cancer mortality. This study aimed to examine the difference in LDCT screening eligibility among Asian American subgroups. The National Health Interview Survey data (2006-2016) was analyzed. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guideline was used to determine the LDCT eligibility. A higher and statistically significant proportion of current Filipino smokers (35.4%) met LDCT screening eligibility criteria compared to Chinese (26.5%) and other Asian smokers (22.7%) (p=0.02). Hierarchical logistic regression results further showed that Filipino were more likely to meet LDCT screening criteria than other Asian while adjusting demographics (OR=1.87; p=0.01). The differences in LDCT screening eligibility no longer existed after additionally adjusting socioeconomic factors as well as perceived health status. Future targeted outreach and intervention research is needed for Filipinos with lower socioeconomic status.
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF DEMENTIA IN JAPAN
Authors: Shirai Kokoro , Shirai Kokoro , Iso Hiroyasu , Sakaniwa Ryoto , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We examined the effects of sustained levels of happiness on dementia incidence among Japanese elderly from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Data were from 12,051 community-dwelling participants aged 65 and over, free from dementia or other chronic conditions at baseline (2010). A survey was conducted in 31 administrative districts from Japan. Participants were followed-up for six years, and the incidence of dementia or death was assessed through National Public Long-Term Care Insurance and Resident Registry, Japan. We conducted survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model with a competing risk analysis accounting for death. The adjusted differences in days for dementia onset were estimated using Laplace regression models. In this analytical sample, we observed 520 men and 693 women with dementia and found that higher levels of sustained happiness were associated with reduced risks of onset of dementia among Japanese elderly. These findings suggest a protective role of psychological mood.
THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY: EXAMINING OUTCOMES OF TECHNOLOGY USE AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Cotten Shelia , Cotten Shelia R , Kadylak Travis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older adults are increasingly using information and communication technologies (ICTs) to communicate with social ties, gather information to make decisions, and for entertainment purposes. Research is increasingly showing that using ICTs has a range of potential benefits for older adults. However, less research examines the potential negative outcomes of ICT use for older adults. Data from a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States is used to examine positive and negative outcomes of ICT use. Traditional well-being and social connection outcomes are examined as well as new stressors associated with mobile phone use. Our findings suggest that ICT use has varying effects on older adults, depending upon the type, level, and purposes of use. Implications are discussed for entities seeking to encourage ICT use to enhance health and quality of life among older adults.
PERSON-CENTERED CARE TO DECREASE LONELINESS AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN LONG-TERM CARE SETTINGS
Authors: Inoue Megumi , Hasegawa Mai , Tompkins Catherine , Donnelly Catherine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The older foreign/immigrant population is predicted to increase in the U.S. As a whole, this population faces greater challenges associated with loneliness and social isolation due to their smaller social networks, language and cultural barriers. Person-centered care should be considered as a potential solution to decrease loneliness and social isolation in long term care settings. In 2017, researchers conducted a thorough examination on the effects of a senior companion program on a Japanese woman with advanced dementia. Results suggest that the client benefitted from the program in regard to her physical wellbeing, emotional wellbeing, language communication and cultural support. Given the support of Japanese companions, the client was able to express her needs and health symptoms effectively and the staff were subsequently able to provide culturally-sensitive care. This study implies that the companion program may benefit other foreign/immigrant older adult populations in reducing social isolation and declining health.
ACCESSING LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORTS: HOW DO ETHNIC MINORITIES NAVIGATE THE SYSTEM?
Authors: Ring Lauren , Glicksman Allen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The decision to seek Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS) can be challenging for older adults and family members. These challenges can be greater for members of certain ethnic/cultural minority communities who are not fluent in English. Our study examines the ways in which older adults in limited English-speaking communities (Spanish / Mandarin Chinese) navigate the use of LTSS. The findings will be used to evaluate disparities in service perception and access experienced by these populations. Our research examines the ways in which information is shared among community members and how they identify trusted sources of information. Ultimately, we wish to examine how these social networks and trusted neighborhood institutions do, or do not, connect older adults in need to the formal LTSS system. We use a modeling technique called Social Interaction Modeling (SIM), which allows for the inclusion of both conceptual and data based elements, to frame this process.
GROUP-BASED PARTICIPATORY ARTS INTERVENTIONS: PRODUCING ART AND VALIDATION OF PERSONHOOD
Authors: Kaplan Daniel B , Glazner Gary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Participatory arts-based interventions for people living with dementia involve the collaborative creation and performance of poetry, story, song, dance, and visual arts. These programs are designed to support self-expression and productive collaboration among people living with dementia while stimulating positive social interactions and feelings of empowerment and validation. This paper explores the use and potential benefits of validation in the implementation of person-centered participatory arts interventions in the context of dementia care. The authors offer a theoretical framework for understanding validation as a common intervention method and participant experience during these interventions, organized into five themes: collaboration, connection, creation, communication, and confirmation. Basic validation techniques are easily learned and can be incorporated into a broad diversity of dementia care strategies and interventions including activity programs designed to stimulate cognitive, physical, and communicative abilities. Participatory arts programs offer tools for connecting to personhood in a population for whom such connections are under constant threat of erosion. As activity programs based in creative arts help to support self-expression among participants and serve as a vehicle for generating feelings of self-efficacy, such activities are well suited to fostering the person-centered goals of dementia care programming. Clinicians and other transdisciplinary care providers are encouraged to understand, use, and teach these and other validation-focused arts interventions with persons living with dementia. These validation experiences are suggested to offer direct clinical benefits for participants as well as indirect benefits when modeled in the presence of formal care providers and family members.
INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES TO SUPPORT OLDER ADULTS AND THEIR FAMILIES IN HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE
Authors: Demiris George , Hirschman Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to better support older adults with life-limiting illness and their families, many initiatives utilize information technology and other innovative platforms to increase access to supportive services and bridge geographic distance. Such technologies cover a broad range of systems ranging from smart phone applications to wearables and traditional telehealth platforms. There is a growing evidence base for such interventions but technical, clinical and ethical challenges remain when utilizing technology in the context of hospice and palliative care especially for older adults, including the concerns for caregiver burden, privacy, security, confidentiality, obtrusiveness and accessibility. In this symposium we provide an overview of innovative tools available for interventions in palliative and hospice care designed for patients and/or family caregivers in urban and rural settings. We provide lessons learned from three NIH funded studies testing different technology-based interventions in various settings including home hospice and outpatient palliative care. Discussion will follow focused on the clinical, ethical and practical challenges of innovation and the unique considerations for technology-mediated intervention design in a variety of palliative and hospice care settings. This symposium aims to provide: 1. an overview of existing technology-based interventions for older adults and their families in palliative care and hospice 2. evidence-based recommendations resulting from clinical trials in urban and rural settings for the design and implementation of innovative tools in hospice and palliative care 3. a discussion of challenges and opportunities for the use of technology to support older adults and their families
INTEREST GROUP SESSION—HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTION: PETS IN OLDER ADULTS’ SOCIAL NETWORKS: HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTION, INTERPERSONAL CONNECTIONS, AND HEALTHY AGING
Authors: Bibbo Jessica , Branson Sandy , Bibbo Jessica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Empirical evidence supports positive associations between social support, interpersonal connections, and health as people age. This symposium addresses how human-animal interaction may facilitate connection throughout later life. Each talk presents unique ways pets: fit into social networks; expand interpersonal connections; and thereby, impact health and wellbeing. The first talk presents longitudinal associations of a history of pet ownership and marital status on health, in particular cognitive functioning, over time. The second talk presents qualitative evidence for how pets fit into older adults’ social network and quantitative evidence for the impact of animal and interpersonal companionship on overall and functional health. The third talk builds upon the literature linking dog walking with older adults’ physical health, by providing evidence for the positive impact of dog walking improving interpersonal connections with neighbors. The fourth talk discusses the influence of a unique intergenerational human-animal interaction service-learning course on university students’ attitudes towards older adults and those with disabilities. Enrolled students provide pet care (e.g., brushing, dog walking, delivering pet food and supplies) to low-income pet owners ages 60 and older and disabled adults. Students reported decreased biases towards older adults and those with disabilities after completing the course. The final talk is the first study to focus on the influence of pets in LGBTQ older adults living in rural southern Appalachia. Identifying as a LGBTQ person and living in a rural environment can present unique challenges and these qualitative results provide insight into pets’ influence on aging in this understudied population.
OLDER ADULT PET OWNERSHIP HISTORY, MARITAL STATUS, AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: THE WISCONSIN LONGITUDINAL STUDY (WLS)
Authors: Hackney Alisha , Friedmann Erika 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We explore the association of PO and marital status to changes in health during aging. This secondary analysis uses 1992, 2004, and 2011 data from healthy participants (N=2,319) in the WLS. Health outcomes (symptoms, illnesses, days in bed due to illness, depression, and cognition) and demographic/ health variables (age, marital status, sex, smoking, BMI, engagement with friends/relatives). PO (ever owned a pet/dog/cat) was assessed in 2011. In linear mixed models, PO, dog ownership, and cat ownership (CO) independently predicted changes in health outcomes. Marital status moderated the association of CO to changes in cognition[F(1,012.85)=4.09,p=0.043]. Both marriage and CO were associated with increased cognition from ages 53 to 64; being unmarried without CO was associated with reduced cognition during aging with the lowest cognition by age 70. Results provide insight into how PO and social support influence healthy aging. Longitudinal PO and health/social data are necessary to better understand these relationships.
LGBT OLDER ADULTS AND THEIR PETS IN SOUTHERN APPALACHIA: RESULTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
Authors: MacNamara Maureen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This session reports on older LGBT adults’ perspectives of roles that pets played in relation to older adults’ aging-in-place experiences. The goal of this study is to advance understanding of the role of pets in the lives of older LGBT adults living in rural communities. The qualitative study used individual, semi-structured interviews with 11 older adults residing in rural Appalachia. Individuals were recruited using purposive sampling techniques, including recruitment through LGBT friendly service providers, a lesbian listserv, and snowball sampling. The majority of respondents reported that pets played a role in social support and some in social capital. One respondent described a utilitarian relationship with animals that is important to understanding the roles animals may play in rural communities in terms of "belongingness". After reviewing study findings, we will provide recommendations for including information about pets in formal social service delivery systems and conclude with implications for future research.
LAGGED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DAILY SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOARTHRITIS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL
Authors: Smith Dylan M , Parmelee Patricia A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fatigue is commonly reported by persons with lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) and uniquely predicts worse functioning and decreased activity. The current research used a combination of wrist and waist accelerometry along with experience sampling methodology (ESM) in a diverse sample to examine the relationship between reports of fatigue and pain and subsequent physical activity among older adults with knee OA. Three hundred twenty-one participants with physician-diagnosed knee OA completed a baseline interview and mobility testing followed by a one-week observation period using accelerometry at both wrist and waist. During this week, participants also completed an ESM protocol assessing fatigue and pain 4 times daily. Multilevel models examined lagged within-subjects patterns of symptoms and their association with subsequent physical activity using three approaches: 1) wrist accelerometry alone, 2) waist accelerometry alone, and 3) a combined approach using both measures. These models also examined between-subjects predictors including measures of overall functioning, mobility testing, and demographics. Level of fatigue reported in the previous interval was the strongest and most consistent predictor of subsequent lowered physical activity. Other significant predictors included age and functional mobility. Waist and wrist actigraphy estimates were modestly correlated with each other, yet multi-level models showed consistent results regardless of placement at wrist versus waist versus a combined waist/wrist approach. In conclusion, fatigue symptoms are a significant factor in predicting subsequent decreased physical activity in OA. Waist and wrist accelerometry methods produced different estimates of activity level in this population, but similar associations with arthritis symptoms.