bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent single-gene duplication drives the expansion and expression diversification of the ADH gene family in pear and other Rosaceae species
Authors: Zhang Shaoling , Zeng Weiwei , Qiao Xin , Li Qionghou , Liu Chunxin , Wu Jun , Yin Hao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are essential to plant growth and the formation of aromatic compounds in fruits. However, the evolutionary history and characteristics of ADH gene expression remain largely unclear in Chinese white pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri ) and other fruit species from the family Rosaceae.Results In this study, 464 ADH genes were identified in eight Rosaceae fruit species and 68 of the genes were from pear. Based on the analyses of phylogeny and conserved motifs, the pear ADH genes were classified into four subgroups (I, II, III, and IV). The chromosomal distribution of the genes was found to be uneven and numerous clusters of physically linked ADH genes were detected. Frequent single-gene duplication events were found to have contributed to the formation of ADH gene clusters and the expansion of the ADH gene family in these eight Rosaceae species. Purifying selection was the major force in ADH gene evolution. The younger genes derived from tandem and proximal duplications had evolved faster than those that derived from other types of duplication. RNA-sequencing and quantitative-real time-PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of three ADH genes were closely correlated with the content of aromatic compounds that are found during fruit development.Conclusion Comprehensive analyses were conducted in eight Rosaceae species and 464 ADH genes were identified. The results of this study provide new insights into the evolution and expression characteristics of ADH family genes in pear and other Rosaceae species.
Molecular diagnosis of Phenylketonuria in 157 Families and Prenatal Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria
Authors: Xiao Yang , Gu Qiang , Wu Hairong , Wang Songtao , Pei Pei , Zheng Xuefei , Pan Hong , MA Yinan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic metabolic disease with a relatively higher incidence, but only a few studies about the prenatal diagnosis of PKU have been reported so far in China. The aim of this study was to characterize the spectrum of mutations in PAH gene in PKU probands and the prenatal diagnosis of PKU in north China.Methods A total of 157 families in which PKU patients had been diagnosed were included in the study. The 13 exons and their flanking sequences of PAH gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced in the probands. If none or only one mutant allele was found in the probands, the sample was subjected to MLPA for large deletions/duplication detection in PAH gene. Prenatal diagnosis was performed for pregnant women in these families.Results Pathogenic mutation in PAH was found in 2 alleles in 148 probands and in one allele in 7 probands, and the mutation was not detected in 2 probands. There were 289 point mutants, 10 frame-shift mutations and 4 large deletions with a total of 80 kinds of mutations. The most prevalent mutations were R243Q (17.2%), EX6-96A>G (8.6%) and V399V (8.0%). We also found a novel mutation of 163_164insATAT. Prenatal diagnosis of 95 families found 21 healthy fetus (20.4%), 52 carriers (50.5%) and 30 patients (29.1%), and the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis was confirmed after birth of the fetuses.Conclusion We present here a spectrum of mutations in PAH gene in PKU patients in north China. Prenatal diagnosis for PKU is useful for PKU families to prevent birth of another PKU case.
Aerobic degradation 2,4-dinitrotoluene: effect of raw organic wastes and nitrogen amendment
Authors: Okozide Osekhokhune E , Adebusoye Sunday Adekunle , Obayori Oluwafemi Sunday 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), a major by-product of the synthesis of 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene, is widely used as a waterproofing, plasticizing and gelatinizing agent in propellants and explosives. Due to its toxicity, the compound is treated as a priority pollutant. Therefore, its removal from contaminated systems is a major focus of research and attention. Contaminated sites in Ibadan, Nigeria were screened for the presence of 2,4,-DNT degrading organisms. The technique of continual enrichment on NACs yielded bacterial isolates able to utilize 2,4-DNT as growth substrate. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing one of the isolates selected for further study was identified as Proteus sp. strain OSES2. Growth of the strain on 2,4-DNT resulted in exponential increase in biomass and complete substrate utilization within 72 h accompanied with NO 3 - elimination. Degradation competence enhanced in the presence of Corn steep liquor, molasses and Tween 80 compared to incubation without amendment. Conversely, amendment with nitrogen sources yielded no significant improvement in degradation. Use of this organism organic wastes as candidates in bioremediation strategy should be exploited. This would provide a cheaper organic source supplement for cleanup purposes with the ultimate aim of reducing the cost of bioremediation while reducing wastes intended for landfill.
Mono-segment Fixation Method Versus Short-segment Fixation Methods, In Treatment Of Mono-segmental Lumbar Tuberculosis; Using Titanium Mesh Cage With Interbody Fusion: Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Zhang Hongqi , Manini Daudi Romani , Wang Yuxiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background ： 1/3rd-2/3rd of the remaining vertebral height can hold and withstand the standard pedicle screws; some surgeons have adopted affected vertebral fixation to avoid the complications of both long and short segment fixation during surgical correction of lumbar tuberculosis (TB).This study aimed to compare efficacy of mono-segment-fixation versus the short-segment fixation methods with the use of titanium mesh-cage (TMCs) and interbody fusion in the treatment of mono-segmental lumbar spinal TB via single stage posterior-only approach. Methods ： A retrospective review was done among 34 lumbar spinal TB patients. These patients underwent debridement, interbody fusion with (TMCs) by either Mono-segment fixation or short-segment fixation methods. Eighteen patients underwent mono-segment fixation method, group (A). While 16 patients underwent short-segment fixation method, group (B). Fusion, deformity correction, and decompression were done within the affected segment in group (A), while for group (B) fusion extended one level above and below the affected vertebrae . Operation time, intra-operative blood loss, degree of deformity correction and neurological functions were analyzed. Results: Comparing group (A) vs (B), average operation time in minutes (mins) for group A was 144.2±16.5, group B was 170.3 ± 25.0 (P=0.001). Average intraoperative blood loss in milliliter (mls) was 502.8±151.9 for group (A) and 742.5±143.2 for group (B) (p ˂0.05). The mean cobb’s angle between group A versus group B; preoperative was 23.8 ± 6.5 0 vs 22.2±9.2 0 (p=0.6), immediate post operatively was 8.0±3.5 0 vs 8.3±5.7 0 (p=0.847) and at final follow-up was 8.9±3.1 0 vs 9.2 ± 5.9 0 (p=0.866) respectively. Correction rate between group (A) vs group (B) was 15.7±3.8 0 vs 13.9±5.5 0 (p=0.285) and loss of correction was 1.2±0.7 0 vs 1.1±0.7 (p=0.817) respectively. No significant differences in neurological recovery between the two groups were founds. Conclusion: Under precise conditions: mono-segment fixation method, debridement, interbody fusion with TMCs, and posterior instrumentation can effectively reconstruct the spine, maintain stability and correct kyphosis deformity similar to short-segment fixation method. Also, it can relieve pain and improve neurological symptoms. When used in combination with anti-TB chemotherapy in the treatment of mono-segmental lumbar TB via a single-stage posterior-only approach.
Impact of ESR1 Polymorphisms on Risk of Breast Cancer in the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Changtao , Chang Yuwei , Bian Zhiqing , Zhao Xinhan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The Estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) gene encodes estrogen receptor-α which is a major biomarker in the development of breast cancer. This research aimed to investigate the effect of ESR1 polymorphisms on breast cancer in Chinese Han women.Methods Four candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ESR1 gene among 503 breast cancer patients and 503 healthy people were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform. The association between ESR1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in four genetic models. The HaploReg v4.1 and GEPIA database were used for SNP functional annotation and ESR1 expression analysis respectively.Results The allele T of rs9383938 in ESR1 was significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05 – 1.50, p = 0.013). In genetic models, rs9383938 increased breast cancer risk in codominant model (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.07 – 2.22, p = 0.021), dominant model (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.68, p = 0.040), and additive model (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04 – 1.48, p = 0.017). Stratification analysis showed that rs9383938 and rs2228480 raised the breast cancer susceptibility at age < 50 years. Rs1801132 of ESR1 was also associated with the status of ER, PR, and Her-2 in allele model and genetic models significantly.Conclusion This study demonstrated that ESR1 polymorphisms might influence breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population. Further mechanisms studies are needed to confirm the contribution of ESR1.
Effects of enhanced insect feeding on the fecal microbiome and transcriptome of a family of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Yamazaki Yumiko , Moriya Shigeharu , Kawarai Shinpei , Morita Hidetoshi , Kikusui Takefumi , Iriki Atsushi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Common marmosets have been widely used in biomedical research for years. Nutritional control is an important factor in managing their health, and insect intake would be beneficial for that purpose because common marmosets frequently feed on insects in natural habitats. However, the effect of insect feeding on the marmoset body has not been clearly characterized. Here, we examined the effect of enhanced insect feeding on the gut by analyzing the fecal microbiome and transcriptome of captive marmosets. Methods: A family consisting of six marmosets was divided into two groups. During the seven-day intervention period, one group (the insect feeding group, or Group IF) was fed one cricket and one giant mealworm per marmoset per day, while the other (the control group, or Group C) was not fed these insects. RNA was extracted from fecal samples to evaluate the ecology and transcriptome of the microbiome, which were then compared among time points before (Pre), just after (Post), and two weeks after intervention (After) by total RNA sequencing (total RNA-seq). Results: General health status was not changed throughout the experimental period in either group. Distinct changes were observed only in the microbiome of Group IF after the insect feeding treatment. A species of flagellate, Hypotrichomonas mariae , was identified for the first time in common marmosets, but only after enhanced insect feeding. The structure of the microbiome differed between the groups with and without insect feeding. There were significant changes in the transcriptome of Group IF only, and some of the changes in the transcriptome mirrored the fluctuations in the microbiome. Conclusions: Enhanced insect feeding modified the distribution of the fecal microbiomes of the marmosets, which were suggested to interact with the transcriptomes. The rapid changes in the microbiome and transcriptome are deeply connected to the feeding ecology of marmosets in the wild. The results were informative for identifying the physiological impact of insect feeding and for detecting transcripts that are currently unidentifiable. The present study supports a feeding regimen for captive marmosets that includes insects to maintain the natural balance of symbiotic metabolism in the gut microbiome.
Socioeconomic inequalities in children under 15 with medical complexity: A population-based study
Authors: Carrilero Neus , Ruiz-Muñoz Dolores , Dalmau-Bueno Albert , Colls Cristina , García-Altés Anna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Health inequalities from the first stages of life onwards have consequences for children’s health status and for their future development. Children’s health is profoundly affected by the socioeconomic position (SEP) of their parents. The situation is even more disruptive in children with medically complex (CMC) conditions. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics and related pathologies of CMC in Catalonia, and to assess the presence of socioeconomic inequalities.Methods Cross-sectional study and cluster analysis of the diseases in the CMC population under the age of 15 in Catalonia in 2016 using administrative data. Each pathology cluster obtained was described and its association with socioeconomic position (SEP) determined. The Adjusted Morbidity Groups (Catalan acronym GMA) classification system was used to identify the CMC. Main outcome measures: SEP, GMA score, sex, and age distribution were recorded in both populations (CMC and non-CMC) and in each of the clusters identified.Results 71% of the CMC population have at least one parent with no employment or an annual income of less than €18,000. Four comorbidity clusters were identified in CMC: respiratory (47%), neurodevelopmental (18%), hemato-oncological (12%), and perinatal disorders (23%). CMC experience higher levels of poverty and social disadvantage in all clusters. SES-cluster association results were: in the respiratory OR, 2.1 in boys and 2.1 in girls; in the neurodevelopmental disease, OR 2.0 in boys and 1.8 in girls; in the hemato-oncology OR, 1.7 in boys and 1.8 in girls; and in the perinatal OR, 1.7 in boys and 1.8 in girls.Conclusions There are socioeconomic health inequalities in childhood across a broad spectrum of health outcomes. Children with lower SEP are more likely to have CMC conditions. All clusters showed SEP inequalities and respiratory and neurodevelopment clusters are the most prevalent.
Gum Acacia Functional Significance in the Management of Obesity
Authors: Jangra Surender , Pothuraju Ramesh 
Published: October 2019

:
Consumption of diets rich in fat and refined sugars are recognized to be the cause of altered intestinal functionality and metabolic disorders like obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Different epidemiologic studies have shown a significant relationship between lower intake of fibre and metabolic disorders. There are many naturally occurring dietary fibres among which gums are utmost important class e.g. guar gum, locust bean gum, tara gum, gellan gum, and gum acacia. Gum acacia has been considered as a safe dietary fibre by the United States, Food and Drug Administration and it is used widely as a stabilizer, thickening agent, and emulsifier in the food industry. Though gum acacia feeding has been reported to exert many beneficial effects in both rodents and humans, the underpinning for the different proposed molecular mechanisms are still elusive. So it would be of great relevance to conduct studies to understand the molecular mechanism of action of such fibres in the management of metabolic diseases.
MMSR-AOMDV: An Enhanced Multi-Service Support Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Nezamzadeh Neda , Barekatain Behrang , Raahemifar Kaamran 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Because of some inherent characteristics of MANETs such as infrastructural
instability, limitations and shortcomings, multi-hop communication, wireless media and dynamic
topology, routing has emerged as the most important challenge in these networks. This
prompted a wealth of research which attempted to improve the routing quality through focusing
on various qualitative criteria.

Objective:
However, these researches have not adequately addressed the applied characteristics of
MANETs as the most important capability of such networks. In other words, application of these
networks in different fields have warranted the development of different services with varying
Quality-of-Service requirements. This requires the network to support the quality of various services
in proportion with the varying qualitative requirements of transaction services.

Methods:
In order to efficiently address this issue, this research introduces an enhanced protocol
dubbed MMSR-AOMDV based on the development of basic AOMDV protocol and reaping the
benefits of Fuzzy Logic. MMSR-AOMDV is a double-step protocol that attempts to enable distinguishing
transaction services and supporting the various services associated with the specific demands
and requirements of each service based on the performance in each step. For this, MMSRAOMDV
has been developed in a way to enable in the first step the assessment of qualitative indicators
which are associated with the requirements of the services sent via utilizing multi-route
routing and classification techniques, while the second step has been dedicated to offering effective
support for multi-service routing quality thanks to the merits of Fuzzy Logic features.

Results and Conclusion:
The simulation of the proposed protocol using OPNET simulator revealed
that in terms of end-to-end delays, packet lost, network throughput and data reception rate,
MMSR-AOMDV significantly outperformed other corresponding methods.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ОЦІНКИ РІВНОВАГИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПІСЛЯ ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНОЇ ХОЛЕЦИСТЕКТОМІЇ НА СТАЦІОНАРНОМУ ЕТАПІ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ
Authors: Голод Н. Р. , Чурпій І. К. , Кулібаба С. О. 
Published: October 2019

Резюме. Мета дослідження. Визначити ризик падінь пацієнтів після ЛХЕ на стаціонарному етапі реабілітації за допомогою шкали Берген.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні брало участь 30 пацієнтів після ургентної холецистектомії і 30 після планової холецистектомії, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні у хірургічному відділенні Івано-Франківської центральної міської клінічної лікарні. Оцінку рівноваги проводили застосовуючи Шкалу Берген (BERGBALANCESCALE - BBS на другу і на четверту доби після оперативного втручання.
Висновки:

У порівнянні із іншими тестами, шкала рівноваги Берга зарекомендувала себе як найбільш переконливий функціональний тест виявлення дисфункцій рівноваги і, на нашу думку, може послужити хорошим інструментом для встановлення індивідуальних цілей у програмі фізичної терапії для пацієнтів після ЛХЕ.
У ранньому післяопераційному періоді (на 2 добу після оперативного втручання) пацієнти мають виражену ступінь порушення рівноваги, яка обумовлена віком та наявністю супутньої патології, більш виражена вона у пацієнтів після ургентної холецистектомії.
Оцінка рівноваги на 4 день після оперативного втручання вказує на позитивну динаміку (p<0,05), тобто покращення функції, проте, ступінь ризику падінь залишається ще досить високим.
Високий рівень падіння на стаціонарному етапі реабілітації пацієнтів після лапароскопічної холецистектомії обумовлює необхідність включення у програму фізичної терапії як на стаціонарному, так і на амбулаторному етапах реабілітації методів та засобів, направлених на відновлення функції рівноваги, зміцнення тих м’язів, які відповідальні за постуральну стабільність.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОКАЗНИКІВ СТРУКТУРНОГО СТАНУ СОННИХ АРТЕРІЙ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ГІПЕРТОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД РІВНЯ ГАЛЕКТИНУ-3 І АЛЬДОСТЕРОНУ
Authors: Іванов В. П. , Онищук Т. П. 
Published: October 2019

Резюме. У статті було проведено аналіз структурного стану сонних артерій у пацієнтів із гіпертонічною хворобою (ГХ), залежно від плазмових рівнів галектину-3 і альдостерону. З цією метою проведено комплексне обстеження рівної кількості (по 80) осіб хворих на ГХ ІІ. Обстежуваних, що включали в дослідження, було поділено на 4 групи залежно від віку. У групу молодого віку ввійшли особи чоловічої та жіночої статі (по 40 осіб) віком 18-44 роки; групи середнього віку склали чоловіки та жінки (по 40) віком від 45-60 років. Загальна кількість обстежених – 160 осіб. Групу контролю склало 27 відносно здорових осіб. Середній вік та частка пацієнтів різного віку достовірно не відрізнялась. Верифікацію діагнозу ГХ проводили на підставі чинних критеріїв та рекомендацій.
Рівень альдостерону та галектину-3 визначали за допомогою імуноферментного аналізу (ІФА).
Структурний стан сонних артерій (СА) визначали на підставі оцінки величини товщини інтима-медіа (ТІМ).
Проведене дослідження встановило, що в пацієнтів з ГХ молодого і середнього віку структурне ремоделювання сонних артерій не виявляє асоціацій зі статтю і віковим цензом пацієнтів. У разі відносно високого (ВВ) рівня галектину-3 на відміну від відносно низького (ВН) і відносно помірного (ВП) визначали суттєве збільшення величини ТІМ (1,00 проти 0,88 і 0,90 мм, р=0,02 і 0,04 відповідно) і частоти випадків з ТІМ >0,9 мм (61,4 % проти 34,9 % і 41,1%, р=0,01 і 0,03 відповідно). У свою чергу, аналогічний аналіз даних, залежно від плазмового рівня альдостерону, продемонстрував дещо інші статистичні закономірності. Спостерігалось, що величина ТІМ і відсоток випадків з ТІМ >0,9 мм були достовірно вищими при ВВ, у порівнянні лише з ВН рівнем нейрогормону (1,00 проти 0,88 мм, р=0,01 і 61 % проти 32,5 %, р=0,01 відповідно).
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ХРОНІЧНОЮ СЕРЦЕВОЮ НЕДОСТАТНІСТЮ ЗІ ЗНИЖЕНОЮ ФРАКЦІЄЮ ВИКИДУ ЛІВОГО ШЛУНОЧКА ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ВАРІАНТУ ЗАЛІЗОДЕФІЦИТУ
Authors: Колесник М. О. 
Published: October 2019

Серед коморбідних станів з хронічною серцевою недостатністю, залізодефіцит посідає особливе місце, оскільки на відміну від хронічного обструктивного захворювання легень і хронічних захворювань нирок є можлива його ефективна і безпечна корекція. Поглиблене вивчення поєднання залізодефіциту із хронічною серцевою недостатністю також обумовлено надзвичайно високою поширеністю порушень обміну заліза серед пацієнтів із серцевою-судинною патологією. Крім того, відомо, що саме залізодефіцит при серцевій недостатності, незалежно від наявності анемічного синдрому, сприяє розвитку дисфункції скелетних м’язів, що і обумовлює зниження толерантності до фізичного навантаження та слугує незалежним фактором зниження працездатності, зниження якості життя і несприятливого прогнозу пацієнтів. Однак, незважаючи на низку проведених досліджень, відомості стосовно фізичної здатності пацієнтів із хронічною серцевою недостатністю зі зниженою фракцію викиду лівого шлуночка залежно від різних варіантів порушень обміну заліза недостатні.
Висновки. Пацієнти із хронічною серцевою недостатністю зі зниженою фракцією лівого шлуночка та супутнім залізодефіцитом незалежно від наявності анемії характеризуються більшою частотою ІІІ функціонального класу за NYHA та нижчою толерантністю до фізичного навантаження. При чому функціональний та абсолютний залізодефіцит має однакове клінічне значення з точки зору функціональної здатності пацієнтів.

Ключові слова: хронічна серцева недостатність, функціональний стан, латентний залізодефіцит, залізодефіцитна анемія.