bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erskine Childers and The Riddle of the Sands
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Of all the characters involved in the Irish revolution Erskine Childers is among the most ambiguous. The son of an English father and an Irish mother, both of whom died in his childhood to leave the young boy in the care of relatives in County Wicklow, he went to Haileybury College and then to Cambridge, where by the end of the 1890s he served as a parliamentary clerk with a view to becoming a Liberal Member of Parliament. The critical turn in his life was Childers’s marriage to the Boston-born Molly Osgood in 1904, the year after he published The Riddle of the Sands, which was an immediate and a runaway success. This chapter is a study of the book as a work of coastal literature and includes never before seen archival material.
At the Ebb Tide
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter maps the diverse coastal cultures of Irish literature through the periodicals of the mid-century, moving from The Bell, to Atlantis, the Honest Ulsterman, Poetry Ireland, and others. When Seán O’Faoláin began The Bell in 1940 he faced severe challenges of war, partition and economic distress, which had fragmented his audience and stunted his resources. It begins with a description of O’Faoláin’s childhood upbringing in the port city of Cork and follows the diverse ways in which the sea, and its fringes, shaped literature and criticism in a period of rapid cultural transition. Populated by a diverse cast of writers, artists and adventurers including Elizabeth Bowen, Peadar O’Donnell, Robert Gibbings, and Claire McAllister, this chapter winds from the Lee to the Seine by way of the Wye in its mapping of mid-century archipelagic cultures.
Liquid Labyrinths
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stewart Parker’s play, Northern Star, begins with the character of Henry Joy McCracken reciting his seaborn heritage as a descendant of Huguenots and Covenanters, his mongrel inheritance ‘natural’ to his Belfast birth, the city a port of refuge from ‘the storm of history’. McCracken is remembered now as a United Irishman who was executed for his part in the 1798 rebellion, an insurrection that lingers still in the public consciousness of the city and its past. Northern Star was first performed in 1984 and through it Parker created a space for expressions of identity and place beyond the Troubles; that he did so in metaphors of storms and sea suggests the imaginative depth of the city’s maritime attachments, which form the basis of this chapter’s readings of mid-twentieth-century cultural production in the north of Ireland, including Seamus Deane, Medbh McGuckian, Sinead Morrissey, Glenn Patterson, and Ciaran Carson.
Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Poetry and Water
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
If the coast and sea are to be more than settings for the play of literature, and if in doing so become the fabric of an aesthetic whose origins are in the interplay between water and land, then something more is to be read into art than a juxtaposition between fluidity and form. Liquidity is a condition of continual engagement, surface and depth, volume and elevation, are the dimensions of a literature that can hold a multiple consciousness in mind, the art work an astrolabe, not a map, its contours marked by soundings, its horizons by visions. This chapter reads the poetry of Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin in these contexts, following words and images from Acts and Monuments to the present. Ní Chuilleanáin is a central figure in contemporary Irish literature; associative and versatile, her work seeps around any reading of narrative enclosure.
Kevin Barry’s Atlantic Drift
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Kevin Barry is a short story writer, novelist, dramatist, and editor, with Olivia Smith, of Winter Papers, an annual anthology of contemporary Irish writing. His work is steeped in music, film, and television, and echoes with their influence. Underpinning this is an attachment to writers like Dermot Healy and John McGahern, both novelists whose importance to a writer like Barry makes all the more sense from a coastal, and an archipelagic, perspective. His binding theme is disappointment and his lyricism is braided into the tragic perspective his characters, and his narrators, have of the human condition, which is for the most part a tilting balance between anxiety and drink. These edgy narratives are often set in wet weather by the sea and as so often in this book, the coastal margin operates as a hydroscape in which the boundaries between innocence and experience fragment and shift.
Corporate Reorganization Law and Forces of Change
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This book is concerned with the way in which forces of change, from the fields of finance and non-financial corporates, cause participants in the corporate reorganization process to adapt the ways in which they mobilize corporate reorganization law. It argues that scholars, practitioners, judges, and the legislature must all take care to connect their conceptual frameworks to the specific adaptations which emerge from this process of change. It further argues that this need to connect theoretical and policy concepts with practical adaptations has posed particular challenges when US corporate reorganization law has been under examination in the decade since the financial crisis. At the same time, the book suggests that English scholars, practitioners, judges, and the legislature have been more successful, over the course of the past ten years, in choosing concepts to frame their analysis which are sensitive to the ways in which corporate reorganization law is currently used. Nonetheless, it suggests that new problems may be on the horizon for English corporate reorganization lawyers in adapting their conceptual framework in the decades to come.
The Fall of the Gentleman Banker
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on shifts in the identities of the financial creditors who participate in the reorganization of a complex, leveraged capital structure. It argues that the changing identities of these participants undermine some of the assumptions made in Chapter 11 about the ways in which reputational concern will interact with corporate reorganization law to motivate bargaining. Once again, the account in the chapter reveals why the comparatively recent development of corporate reorganization law to deleverage a complex capital structure in England means that the same assumptions are not made about the identities of the participants in the process, the role of reputation, or the bargaining environment in general.
Victorian Visions of Suburban Utopia
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The rise of suburbs and disinvestment from cities have been defining features of life in many countries over the course of the twentieth century, especially English-speaking ones. The separation of different aspects of life, such as living and working, and the diffusion of the population in far-flung garden homes have necessitated an enormous consumption of natural lands and the constant use of mechanized transportation. Why did we abandon our dense, complex urban places and seek to find “the best of the city and the country” in the flowery suburbs? A large missing piece in this story is found in Victorian utopian literature. The replacement of cities with high-tech suburbs was repeatedly imagined and breathlessly described in the socialist dreams and science-fiction fantasies of dozens of British and American authors in the nineteenth century. Some of these visionaries—such as Robert Owen, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Edward Bellamy, William Morris, Ebenezer Howard, and H. G. Wells—are enduringly famous, while others were street vendors or amateur chemists who have been all but forgotten. Together, they fashioned strange and beautiful imaginary worlds built of synthetic gemstones, lacy metal colonnades, and unbreakable glass, staffed by robotic servants and teeming with flying carriages. As different as their futuristic visions could be in their politics or narrative qualities, most were unified by a single, desperate plea: for humanity to have a future worth living, we must abandon our smoky, poor, chaotic Babylonian cities for a life in shimmering gardens.
The Carraway Confessional
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 argues that the holy grail of Gatsby’s idolatrous love for Daisy, in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, presents a profound challenge to the prepped and Ivied Midwestern Protestantism of Nick Carraway, who turns out to be an emotional exhibitionist not just an emotional voyeur. In “Absolution,” the story first intended as the novel’s first chapter, Fitzgerald establishes the theo-ontology of the gorgeous radiant lie, which because of its occasioned theatricality (witness critics Mitchell Breitwieser and Tracy Fessenden) courts ineffability, catechetical casuistry notwithstanding. To Nick, Jay Gatsby manifests a radiance that co-exists, somehow, with everything for which he has “unaffected scorn,” including nouveau-riche vulgarity, gangster-derived upper-class brutality, and delusional, out-sized masculine desire—for it calls, again mysteriously, to his homo-eros and own precarious class positioning (mirrored variously by the three women) and manifests itself in the tension between a Protestant transcendental “symbolist aesthetics” and a Catholic material sacramentality that descends even more directly from Hawthorne. In Nick’s literary confessional, the witness he bears to Gatsby’s “romantic readiness” is in itself more outrageously romantic still: that is, it is the testament of a seducee-convert to the passional incarnation of incommensurable love, as Marian Catholicism concentrates it, in the face of linen so dirty it can’t be laundered. At the last, what Nick has to confess is not his own myriad sexual and social foibles but rather a love for (the idol of Gatsby) so outsized and imminently felt it it courts, manifests, and arguably sanctions “an ineffably gorgeous lie.”
Union in the Canticle and Flame
Authors: Hole Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 examines the highest stages of the spiritual ascent, depicted in the Spiritual Canticle and Living Flame of Love. Only at the culmination of the ascent does the desire that has propelled the soul through the contradictions and apparent meaninglessness of the dark night fully materialize in the soul. Chapter 5 examines how John uses sensory metaphors of beauty, touch, and taste, as well as a series of deeply erotic images of yearning and consummation, to depict the re-engagement of the soul with the created order, its desires now appropriately reoriented towards God. In the state of union, the soul’s desire for God is revealed to be not only a yearning on the part of the soul itself, but more truly a reflection of the loving desire that unites the persons of the Trinity. John’s anthropology terminology concomitantly shifts towards the use of terms such as the ‘substance of the soul’, as a means of depicting the intense and cohesive desire of the entire soul for God. John’s striking reworking of the highly traditional theological concept of desire therefore plays a crucial role throughout his theology, mediating and uniting what would otherwise appear a disjunctive passage for the soul from an originary state of deep sin, through the noetic, sensual, and spiritual darkness of the dark night, to the state of union with God.
Conclusion
Authors: Hole Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This concluding chapter examines the implications (as already briefly laid out in the Introduction) of John’s thought for contemporary theological discussion of desire. The narrowly sexual connotations that the notion of desire has acquired in modern theological and philosophical debate, particularly through its erotic Platonic formulations conjoined to modern Freudianism, have prevented recognition of John’s insightful construal of desire. John’s account should no longer be the subject of neglect by systematic theologians. He is a magisterial thinker whose theology is worthy of comparison with some of the greatest sixteenth-century accounts of the transformation of the soul. Reconsideration of John’s thought, with its creative reworking of the notion of desire as a constellating category for the depiction of the spiritual ascent, may enrich the ongoing current theological re-evaluation of desire. His thought is, this chapter concludes, a rich resource for the purposes of contemporary theological discussion.
International Standards for the Reporting of Derivatives Trades
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the elemental regime on the reporting of derivatives trades to repositories, including the harmonization of data format and aggregation, the politically charged issue of authorities’ access to data, and the technical issues concerning entities, products, and transactions identifiers. Initially, international standards for trade reporting were not considered as a priority and different domestic rules on trade reporting proliferated. Over time, relatively precise, stringent, and consistent international standards concerning entity, product, and transaction identifiers (i.e. the LEI, UPI, and UTI) were issued. The US was a first-mover at the domestic level and a belated pace-setter at the international level, with the support of the EU. A variety of transgovernmental networks of domestic financial regulators facilitated the harmonization of trade reporting, together with the International Standardisation Organisation (ISO) and private sector associations. The financial industry accepted the need for trade reporting, but complained about different domestic requirements that increased reporting costs.
Mechanisms, Multiple Realizability, and Medium Independence
Authors: Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides an account of realization within a mechanistic framework and introduces the notions of variable realizability, multiple realizability, and medium independence. Realization is the relation between a higher-level property and the lower-level properties of which it is an aspect. Variable realizability occurs when the same higher-level property can be realized by different lower-level properties—different lower-level properties share the same aspect. Variable realizability is ubiquitous yet insufficient for multiple realizability proper. Multiple realizability proper occurs when the same higher-level property can be realized by different lower-level properties that constitute different mechanisms for that property at the immediately lower mechanistic level. Medium independence is an even stronger condition than multiple realizability: it occurs when not only is a higher-level property multiply realizable; in addition, the inputs and outputs that define the higher-level property are also multiply realizable. Thus, all that matters to defining a medium-independent higher-level property is the manipulation of certain degrees of freedom. Medium independence entails multiple realizability, which in turn entails variable realizability, but variable realizability does not entail multiple realizability, which in turn does not entail medium independence.
The Computational Theory of Cognition
Authors: Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is difficult to connect cognitive states and processes to their neural realizers—to see how perception, memory, reasoning, and the like are realized by neural states and processes. This difficulty has haunted the sciences of cognition since their origin. According to the computational theory of cognition (CTC), cognitive capacities are explained by inner computations, which in biological organisms are realized in the nervous system. In its most general form, CTC says that neurocognitive processes are computations. The earliest modern version of CTC is due to McCulloch and Pitts, who argued that neurocognitive processes are digital computations. Another version of CTC maintains that neurocognitive processes are analog computations. A third possible version is that neurocognitive processes are sui generis computations.
Moral Philosophy and Moral Life
Authors: Christensen Anne-Marie Søndergaard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This is a work in moral philosophy and its ambition is to contribute to a renewed understanding of moral philosophy, the role of moral theory, and the relation between moral philosophy and moral life. It is motivated by the belief that the lack of a coherent answer to the question of the role and status of moral philosophy and the theories it develops, is one of the most important obstacles for doing work in moral philosophy today. The first part of the book untangles various criticisms of the dominant view of moral theories that challenges the explanatory, foundational, authoritative, and action-guiding role of these theories. It also offers an alternative understanding of moral theory as descriptions of moral grammar. The second part investigates the nature of the particularities relevant for an understanding of moral life, both particularities tied to the moral subject, her character, commitments, and moral position, and particularities tied to the context of the subject, her moral community and language. The final part marks a return to moral philosophy and addresses the wider question of what the revised conception of moral theories and the affirmation of the value of the particular mean for moral philosophy by developing a descriptive, pluralistic, and elucidatory conception of moral philosophy. The scope of the book is wide, but its pretensions are more moderate, to present an understanding of descriptive moral philosophy which may spur a debate about the status and role of moral philosophy in relation to our moral lives.
Generality and Particularity in Moral Thought
Authors: Christensen Anne-Marie Søndergaard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of particularities in moral thought and moral life and the forms of understanding of these particularities necessary in moral philosophy in order to substantiate the idea, developed in Chapter 3, that moral philosophy is a descriptive activity facing a dual task, both general and particular. The chapter falls into two parts. The first part is an investigation of the role of general principles in moral thought that aids an understanding of how far general descriptions (for example in the form of moral theories) may be of help to us in philosophy. The second part provides an understanding of the role of the particular in moral thought that serves to substantiate the claim that moral philosophy has to provide a substantial understanding of moral development, imagination, and discernment. This part also investigates whether the qualification of the role of general principles in moral thought can be reconciled with the idea that moral considerations are objective, universal, and absolute. The chapter concludes that moral philosophy should rediscover itself as one practice among others that aim to assist and improve moral life, while taking into account the most comprehensive understanding of human life.
Introduction
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces the volume. The chapters in the first part of the volume deal with metatheological issues pertaining to discourse about God and the authority of scripture; the chapters in the second part focus on divine attributes; and the chapters in the third part discuss the doctrine of the trinity and related issues. The section headings of this introduction match the part divisions of the book, but it is not the aim here to summarize the chapters included in each section’s corresponding part. Instead, this introduction aims to supplement those papers with a more general discussion of some of the author’s past and current thinking on the various loci covered by the chapters in the volume.
Realism in Theology and Metaphysics
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the early 2000s, increasing attention has been paid in two separate disciplines to questions about realism and ontological commitment. The disciplines are analytic metaphysics on the one hand, and theology on the other. Chapter 1 discusses two arguments for the conclusion that realism in theology and metaphysics—that is, a realist treatment of doctrines in theology and metaphysics—is untenable. The first is due to Peter Byrne, the second to Bas van Fraassen. The chapter concludes that practitioners of metaphysics and theology ought simply to ignore this conclusion. Those who are already sceptical of theology or metaphysics or both will find in the objections plenty to agree with. But they should not convince the unconvinced.
God beyond Being
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Theologians divide as to how best to understand God’s transcendence. Famously, towards the end of his Mystical Theology, Pseudo-Dionysius characterized God’s transcendence by saying that God is ‘beyond every denial, beyond every assertion’ and that God ‘lies beyond thought and beyond being’. Many in his wake have followed him in these affirmations. Contemporary analytic philosophers commonly dismiss such claims as unintelligible or inconsistent with basic doctrines of Christianity (e.g. that God exists, is personal, became incarnate). But they are so deeply entrenched in the tradition that it seems a worthwhile effort to try to do them justice. This chapter develops an intelligible account of divine transcendence that accommodates the language of beyondness while at the same time remaining consistent with the truth of central Christian doctrines.
Relative Identity and the Doctrine of the Trinity
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The doctrine of the Trinity maintains that there are exactly three divine Persons (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) but only one God. The philosophical problem raised by this doctrine is well known. On the one hand, the doctrine seems clearly to imply that the divine Persons are numerically distinct. How else could they be ‘three’ rather than one? On the other hand, it seems to imply that Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are identical. If each Person is divine, how else could there be exactly ‘one’ God? But the divine Persons can’t be both distinct and identical. Thus, the doctrine appears to be incoherent. Some try to solve this problem by appeal to the view that identity is sortal-relative. This chapter argues that this strategy is unsuccessful as a stand-alone solution to the problem of the Trinity.
Hiddenness and Transcendence
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For over two decades, the philosophical literature on divine hiddenness has been concerned with just one problem about divine hiddenness that arises out of one very particular concept of God. The problem—call it the Schellenberg problem—has J. L. Schellenberg as both its inventor and its most ardent defender. This chapter argues that the Schellenberg problem is an attack on a straw deity. More specifically, it proposes that Schellenberg’s argument against the existence of God depends on certain theological claims that are not commitments of traditional Christian theology and that would, furthermore, be repudiated by many of the most important and influential theologians in the Christian tradition. The chapter closes with some very brief remarks about the implications of this conclusion for what is taken to be the real import of the Schellenberg problem.