bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Puffed rice: A materialistic understanding of rice puffing and its associated changes in physicochemical and nutritional characteristics
Authors: Saha Sreyajit , Roy Anupam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPuffed rice is an expanded breakfast cereal obtained by high temperature short time heat treatment of salt‐treated parboiled rice. This intense heat results in deformation and phase transition within the grain and delivers an expanded porous structure. Such transformations essentially govern the final puffed rice quality and its physicochemical attributes. They commence during pretreatment and proceeds till puffing. These properties of rice such as expansion, hardness, degree of gelatinization, glass transition temperature, crystallinity, color, nutrient content, porosity, and microstructure are altered during the processing of puffed rice from pretreated parboiled rice. This review attempts to address such materialistic changes in the rice matrix during puffed rice production that would help a researcher to understand the associated changes in physicochemical and nutritional characteristics.Practical applicationsStudying the changes in the material properties associated with processing conditions is a useful approach to understand final quality of puffed rice. The review is a detailed study of parameters like expansion, hardness, degree of gelatinization, glass transition temperature, crystallinity, color, nutrient content, porosity, and microstructure that influence the final product characteristics of puffed rice and help a manufacturer to produce an acceptable product by exercising strict control on them. Insight on changes brought about by alteration in these characteristics are thus of paramount importance. This is because it can help individuals to produce puffed rice of optimized quality, correct product defects, and cause alterations in the end‐product. Researchers working on possible future applications can have a thorough background knowhow. Thus, the work would bear extreme commercial and scientific importance.
Neurolymphomatosis, a rare manifestation of peripheral nerve involvement in lymphomas: Suggestive features and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Campagnolo Marta , Cacciavillani Mario , Cavallaro Tiziana , Ferrari Sergio , Gasparotti Roberto , Zambello Renato , Briani Chiara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeurolymphomatosis, the infiltration of the peripheral nervous system from lymphoid cells, represents an uncommon manifestation of lymphomas. We describe the challenging diagnostic work‐up in a patient with neurolymphomatosis. A 58‐year‐old woman with previous breast diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with chemo‐ and radiation‐therapy, presented with dysesthesias, neuropathic pain at left abdomen and thigh, and weakness at left lower limb 9 years after disease remission. Neurophysiology revealed left T10‐L4 radiculo‐plexopathy with no abnormalities at cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nerve ultrasound, and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT). MR‐neurography disclosed left rectus abdominis muscle atrophy, neurogenic edema, and denervation. Radiation‐induced damage, paraneoplastic, infectious radiculo‐plexopathies, and atypical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy were ruled out. Neurolymphomatosis was suspected, and the patient treated with rituximab with improvement. Despite treatment, the radiculo‐plexopathy eventually extended to the right side and sacral roots. Later in the disease course, sural nerve biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Maintenance therapy was continued, until cutaneous localizations occurred, requiring salvage therapy and autologous stem cell transplant. Although rare, neurolymphomatosis should be considered in all patients with lymphomas and unexplained peripheral nervous system involvement. Hematological, CSF, and neuroimaging findings may be unremarkable, and a high index of suspicion required in order to achieve the diagnosis.
Immunocompromised cutaneous district, isotopic, and isopathic phenomena—Systematic review
Authors: Tabosa Gabriel V. B. S. , Stelini Rafael F. , Souza Elemir M. , Velho Paulo E. N. F. , Cintra Maria L. , Florence Michelle E. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the development of lesions in skin areas that have undergone injury has long been known, understanding of its pathogenesis is limited. Depending on their peculiarities, those events have been described as isomorphic, reverse isomorphic, pseudoisomorphic, isotopic, and isopathic phenomena. Ruocco's immunocompromised cutaneous district (ICD) concept was proposed to include all those phenomena.AimsWe performed a systematic review and critically evaluated the current understanding about ICD and its relationship with the isotopic and isopathic phenomena.MethodsTo illustrate the complexity of the theme, we present a case of subclinical leprosy, whose manifestation was brisk in an old tattoo. The possible interaction between the approached phenomena, acting in the genesis of the disease, made this a pertinent study. The research was conducted under the PRISMA‐P guidelines, in seven biomedical databases between 1996 and 2018. The eligibility criteria were systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, clinical studies, and case series, written in English, French, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish.ResultsUsing standardized keywords, 1220 articles were identified. After applying the eligibility criteria, 53 studies were selected.ConclusionThis review ratifies that all these phenomena are aspects of one single condition. They can be integrated into the ICD concept with the pathogenesis including: (a) neural damage (peripheral or central) and (b) chronic lymphedema. Both may change the local neuroimmune interaction. The identification of these phenomena and the understanding of their pathogenesis are of paramount importance, to define the diagnosis and choose the therapeutic strategy.
Dental patients' functional, pain‐related, aesthetic, and psychosocial impact of oral conditions on quality of life—Project overview, data collection, quality assessment, and publication bias
Authors: Sekulic Stella , John Mike T. , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Theis‐Mahon Nicole 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge about the magnitude of Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) impairment across dental patient populations is essential for clinical practice, public health and research. Within the project Mapping Oral Disease Impact with a Common Metric, this systematic review aimed to describe functional, pain‐related, aesthetic and broader psychosocial impact of oral conditions with a single metric using OHRQoL dimensions Oral Function, Oro facial Pain, Oro facial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact.MethodsA search using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsycINFO was performed on 8 June 2017, and updated on 14 January 2019. Only publications in the English language were considered. To characterise the extent of available standardised and clinically relevant OHRQoL information, we determined the number of publications, dental patient populations, which are clinically similar, and patient samples within each population with four‐dimensional OHRQoL information using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) questionnaire. A quality assessment and a publication bias assessment were performed.ResultsWe identified 171 publications that characterised 199 dental populations and 329 patient samples with four‐dimensional OHRQoL information. The vast majority of populations were only characterised by one patient sample. Study quality was not related to OHRQoL magnitude, and substantial publication bias could be excluded.ConclusionsStandardised and clinically relevant information using the four OHRQoL dimensions Oral Function, Oro facial Pain, Oro facial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact was available for a significant number of dental patient populations. Findings can provide a framework to interpret OHRQoL impairment of individual patients, or groups of patients, for clinical practice, public health and research.
Accounting for cryptic population substructure enhances detection of inbreeding depression with genomic inbreeding coefficients: an example from a critically endangered marsupial
Authors: Zilko Joseph P , Harley Dan , Hansen Birgita , Pavlova Alexandra , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCharacterizing inbreeding depression in wildlife populations can be critical to their conservation. Coefficients of individual inbreeding can be estimated from genome‐wide marker data. The degree to which sensitivity of inbreeding coefficients to population genetic substructure alters estimates of inbreeding depression in wild populations is not well understood. Using generalized linear models, we tested the power of two frequently used inbreeding coefficients that are calculated from genome‐wide SNP markers, FH and F^III, to predict four fitness traits estimated over two decades in an isolated population of the critically endangered Leadbeater's possum. FH estimates inbreeding as excess observed homozygotes relative to equilibrium expectations, whereas F^III quantifies allelic similarity between the gametes that formed an individual, and upweights rare homozygotes. We estimated FH and F^III from 1,575 genome‐wide SNP loci in individuals with fitness trait data (N = 179–237 per trait), and computed revised coefficients, FHby group and F^IIIby group, adjusted for population genetic substructure by calculating them separately within two different genetic groups of individuals identified in the population. Using FH or F^III in the models, inbreeding depression was detected for survival to sexual maturity, longevity and whether individuals bred during their lifetime. F^IIIby group (but not FHby group) additionally revealed significant inbreeding depression for lifetime reproductive output (total offspring assigned to each individual). Estimates of numbers of lethal equivalents indicated substantial inbreeding load, but differing between inbreeding estimators. Inbreeding depression, declining population size, and low and declining genetic diversity suggest that genetic rescue may assist in preventing extinction of this unique Leadbeater's possum population.
Is Dickie's Account of Aboutness‐Fixing Explanatory?
Authors: Pepp Jessica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImogen Dickie's book Fixing Reference promises to reframe the investigation of mental intentionality, or what makes thoughts be about particular things. Dickie focuses on beliefs, and argues that if we can show how our ordinary means of belief formation sustain a certain connection between what our beliefs are about and how they are justified, we will have explained the ability of these ordinary means of belief formation to generate beliefs that are about particular objects. A worry about Dickie's approach is that the explanation it offers is circular and thus not a genuine explanation of mental aboutness. This article develops a version of that worry in detail and turns it aside. Nonetheless, I argue that the explanatory value of the account remains unclear. While it does promise a dialectical advance over traditional theorizing about aboutness, it does not reveal how our ordinary means of belief formation make beliefs be about what they are about.
Obligatory role for PKCδ in PIP2‐mediated activation of store‐operated TRPC1 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Martín‐Aragón Baudel Miguel A. S. , Shi Jian , Large William A. , Albert Anthony P. 
Published: July 2020

Key points
In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), activation of Ca2+‐permeable store‐operated channels (SOCs) composed of canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) subunits mediates Ca2+ entry pathways that regulate contraction, proliferation and migration, which are processes associated with vascular disease.
Activation of TRPC1‐based SOCs requires protein kinase C (PKC) activity, which is proposed to phosphorylate TRPC1 proteins to promote channel opening by phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). We investigated the identity of the PKC isoform involved in activating TRPC1‐based SOCs in rat mesenteric artery VSMCs.
TRPC1‐based SOCs were reduced by PKCδ inhibitors and knockdown of PKCδ expression. Store depletion induced interactions between TRPC1 and PKCδ and PKCδ‐dependent phosphorylation of TRPC1. Furthermore, generation of store‐operated interactions between PIP2 and TRPC1 and activation of TRPC1‐based SOCs by PIP2 required PKCδ.
These findings reveal that PKCδ activity has an obligatory role in activating TRPC1‐based SOCs, through regulating PIP2‐mediated channel opening.
AbstractIn vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSCs), stimulation of Ca2+‐permeable canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1)‐based store‐operated channels (SOCs) mediates Ca2+ entry pathways that regulate cell contraction, proliferation and migration, which are processes associated with vascular disease. It is therefore important to understand how TRPC1‐based SOCs are activated. Stimulation of TRPC1‐based SOCs requires protein kinase C (PKC) activity, with store‐operated PKC‐dependent phosphorylation of TRPC1 essential for channel opening by phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). Experimental protocols used to activate TRPC1‐based SOCs suggest that the PKC isoform involved requires diacylglycerol (DAG) but is Ca2+‐insensitive, which are characteristics of the novel group of PKC isoforms (δ, ε, η, θ). Hence, the present study examined whether a novel PKC isoform(s) is involved in activating TRPC1‐based SOCs in contractile rat mesenteric artery VSMCs. Store‐operated whole‐cell cation currents were blocked by Pico145, a highly selective and potent TRPC1/4/5 channel blocker and T1E3, a TRPC1 blocking antibody. PKCδ was expressed in VSMCs, and selective PKCδ inhibitory peptides and knockdown of PKCδ expression with morpholinos oligomers inhibited TRPC1‐based SOCs. TRPC1 and PKCδ interactions and phosphorylation of TRPC1 induced by store depletion were both reduced by pharmacological inhibition and PKCδ knockdown. In addition, store‐operated PIP2 and TRPC1 interactions were blocked by PKCδ inhibition, and PKCδ was required for PIP2‐mediated activation of TRPC1 currents. These results identify the involvement of PKCδ in stimulation of TRPC1‐based SOCs and highlight that store‐operated PKCδ activity is obligatory for channel opening by PIP2, the probable activating ligand.
10 Smart Startups
Authors: Jeffrey Winters 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Superstar Cities are known for their technology startups, but innovative companies are popping up all over the United States. To show the diversity of innovation outside the so-called innovation hubs, this article spotlights 10 startups or young companies developing products in a variety of engineering fields. Some of these companies are located in small towns, others in large cities not necessarily known for their entrepreneurship. Some are tapping into local universities or resources; almost all are in cities that can offer a high quality of life at an affordable cost.
The Thirst Quenchers
Authors: Kelly Caitlin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Scientists are developing a wide variety of technologies to solve the urgent problem of water shortages across the world. In fact, many have been working for decades on finding better and more economical ways to turn non-traditional sources of water into potable water for drinking and cooking. This article focus on early-stage research and development of energy-efficient and cost-competitive technologies to tap nontraditional water sources for a variety of uses.
Clean Fuel from Nuclear Power
Authors: Hank Hogan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The current commercial hydrogen production has a significant carbon footprint. Now, projects co-funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and commercial nuclear utilities with operating nuclear power facilities aim to change that by exploiting the capabilities of nuclear power plants. This article delves into four projects aimed at demonstrating technology to make hydrogen from water on an industrial scale using energy from an operating commercial nuclear power plant.
Activation of Notch1 signaling in podocytes by glucose-derived AGEs contributes to proteinuria
Authors: Nishad Rajkishor , Meshram Prajakta , Singh Ashish Kumar , Reddy G Bhanuprakash , Pasupulati Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionAdvanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies have shown that AGEs contribute to glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria. Podocytes, terminally differentiated epithelial cells of the glomerulus and the critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier, express the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). Podocytes are susceptible to severe injury during DN. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which AGEs contribute to podocyte injury.Research design and methodsGlucose-derived AGEs were prepared in vitro. Reactivation of Notch signaling was examined in AGE-treated human podocytes (in vitro) and glomeruli from AGE-injected mice (in vivo) by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, western blot analysis, ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. Further, the effects of AGEs on epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocytes and expression of fibrotic markers were evaluated.ResultsUsing human podocytes and a mouse model, we demonstrated that AGEs activate Notch1 signaling in podocytes and provoke EMT. Inhibition of RAGE and Notch1 by FPS-ZM1 (N-Benzyl-4-chloro-N-cyclohexylbenzamide) and DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenyl glycine t-butylester), respectively, abrogates AGE-induced Notch activation and EMT. Inhibition of RAGE and Notch1 prevents AGE-induced glomerular fibrosis, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, foot process effacement, and proteinuria. Furthermore, kidney biopsy sections from people with DN revealed the accumulation of AGEs in the glomerulus with elevated RAGE expression and activated Notch signaling.ConclusionThe data suggest that AGEs activate Notch signaling in the glomerular podocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling by DAPT ameliorates AGE-induced podocytopathy and fibrosis. Our observations suggest that AGE-induced Notch reactivation in mature podocytes could be a novel mechanism in glomerular disease and thus could represent a novel therapeutic target.
Association of smoking cessation after new-onset type 2 diabetes with overall and cause-specific mortality among Korean men: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Choi Jae Woo , Han Euna , Kim Tae Hyun 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThis study aimed to examine the association between smoking cessation after new-onset type 2 diabetes and overall and cause-specific mortality risks among Korean men.Research design and methodsThe Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database was searched, and 13 377 Korean men aged ≥40 years diagnosed with new-onset type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2007 were included and followed up until 2013. We defined smoking status changes by comparing participants’ answers in the last survey before diagnosis to those in the first survey after diagnosis. We estimated the adjusted HR (AHR) and 95% CI for mortality risk using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsWe identified 1014 all-cause mortality events (cancer, n=406 and cardiovascular disease (CVD), n=184) during an average follow-up duration of 7.2 years. After adjustment for all confounding factors, the reduced risk of all-cause mortality was more significant among short-term quitters (AHR 0.78; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.95), long-term quitters (AHR 0.68; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85), and never smokers (AHR 0.66; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.78) compared with current smokers (p for trend <0.001). The lower risk of mortality from cancer was significant among the short-term quitters (AHR 0.60; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.83), long-term quitters (AHR 0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.90), and never smokers (AHR 0.50; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.65) compared with current smokers (p for trend <0.001). There was no significant association between changes in smoking status and death from CVD. Smoking cessation after diagnosis in non-obese individuals (AHR 0.73; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.92) and exercisers (AHR 0.54; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.76) was significantly associated with reduced mortality risk than current smoking.ConclusionsSmoking cessation after new-onset type 2 diabetes was associated with reduced mortality risk.
Google Trends-based non-English language query data and epidemic diseases: a cross-sectional study of the popular search behaviour in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu-Wei , Chiang Wei-Lun , Wang Wen-Hung , Lin Chun-Yu , Hung Ling-Chien , Tsai Yi-Chang , Suen Jau-Ling , Chen Yen-Hsu 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study developed a surveillance system suitable for monitoring epidemic outbreaks and assessing public opinion in non-English-speaking countries. We evaluated whether social media reflects social uneasiness and fear during epidemic outbreaks and natural catastrophes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFreely available epidemic data in Taiwan.Main outcome measureWe used weekly epidemic incidence data obtained from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and online search query data obtained from Google Trends between 4 October 2015 and 2 April 2016. To validate whether non-English query keywords were useful surveillance tools, we estimated the correlation between online query data and epidemic incidence in Taiwan.ResultsWith our approach, we noted that keywords 感冒 (‘common cold’), 發燒 (‘fever’) and 咳嗽 (‘cough’) exhibited good to excellent correlation between Google Trends query data and influenza incidence (r=0.898, p<0.001; r=0.773, p<0.001; r=0.796, p<0.001, respectively). They also displayed high correlation with influenza-like illness emergencies (r=0.900, p<0.001; r=0.802, p<0.001; r=0.886, p<0.001, respectively) and outpatient visits (r=0.889, p<0.001; r=0.791, p<0.001; r=0.870, p<0.001, respectively). We noted that the query 腸病毒 (‘enterovirus’) exhibited excellent correlation with the number of enterovirus-infected patients in emergency departments (r=0.914, p<0.001).ConclusionsThese results suggested that Google Trends can be a good surveillance tool for epidemic outbreaks, even in Taiwan, the non-English-speaking country. Online search activity indicates that people are concerned about epidemic diseases, even if they do not visit hospitals. This prompted us to develop useful tools to monitor social media during an epidemic because such media usage reflects infectious disease trends more quickly than does traditional reporting.