bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine levels in children and adults with wheezing and asthma show specific patterns of variability over time
Authors: Weckmann M , Thiele D , Liboschik L , Bahmer T , Pech M , Dittrich A-M , Fuchs O , Happle C , Schaub B , Ricklefs I , Rabe K F , von Mutius E , Hansen G , König I R , Kopp M V ,   ALLIANCE Study Group, Roesler B , Welchering N , Kohistani-Greif N , Landgraf-Rauf K , Laubhahn K , Schaub B , Ege M , Liebl C , Mutius E , Kurz Johanna , Fuchs Oliver , Ricklefs Isabell , Diekmann Gesa , Sultansei L , Weckmann M , Nissen G , Kopp M V , Liboschik L , Bovermann X , Steinmetz A , Voigt G , Husstedt B , Nitsche C , König I R , Thiele D , Brinkmann F , Dittrich A-M , Happle C , Malik A , Schwerk N , Dopfer C , Price M , Grychtol R , Hansen G , Zemlin M , Müller M , Rietschel E , Koningsbruggen-Rietschel S , Bahmer T , Kirsten A-M , Pedersen F , Watz H , Waschki B , Rabe K F , Herzmann C , Opitz A , Gaede K I , Zabel P 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Levels of cytokines are used for in-depth characterization of patients with asthma; however, the variability over time might be a critical confounder. To analyze the course of serum cytokines in children, adolescents and adults with asthma and in healthy controls and to propose statistical methods to control for seasonal effects. Of 532 screened subjects, 514 (91·5%) were included in the All Age Asthma Cohort (ALLIANCE). The cohort included 279 children with either recurrent wheezing bronchitis (more than two episodes) or doctor-diagnosed asthma, 75 healthy controls, 150 adult asthmatics and 31 adult healthy controls. Blood samples were collected and 25 μl serum was used for analysis with the Bio-Plex Pr human cytokine 27-Plex assay. Mean age, body mass index and gender in the three groups of wheezers, asthmatic children and adult asthmatics were comparable to healthy controls. Wheezers (34·5%), asthmatic children (78·7%) and adult asthmatics (62·8%) were significantly more often sensitized compared to controls (4·5, 22 and 22·6%, respectively). Considering the entire cohort, interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-4, IL-9, IL-17, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1-α and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α showed seasonal variability, whereas IL-1β, IL-7, IL-8, IL-13, eotaxin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, MIP-1β and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB did not. Significant differences between wheezers/asthmatics and healthy controls were observed for IL-17 and PDGF-BB, which remained stable after adjustment for the seasonality of IL-17. Seasonality has a significant impact on serum cytokine levels in patients with asthma. Because endotyping has achieved clinical importance to guide individualized patient-tailored therapy, it is important to account for seasonal effects.
Corporate governance and institutions—A review and research agenda
Authors: Zattoni Alessandro , Dedoulis Emmanouil , Leventis Stergios , Van Ees Hans 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueOver the last decades, research on the relationship between national institutions, governance mechanisms, and firm outcomes has been increasing. This review aims at (i) analyzing extant research in this area, (ii) identifying influential current trends, and (iii) highlighting future avenues of research.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a content analysis of 165 articles published in top journals from accounting, finance, management, and organization disciplines, we explore research on institutions, corporate governance, and firm outcomes. Our results show that stronger national institutions aimed at protecting investors are mostly associated with better corporate governance and firm financial outcomes and that these relationships are moderated by some contingency factors.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur findings encourage scholars to further explore the relationship between national institutions, corporate governance, and firm outcomes by using theoretical frameworks and methods allowing them (i) to develop a “thicker” understanding of the national institutional context, (ii) to analyze powerful stakeholders' influence on the above relationships, and (iii) to better understand the role played by informal institutions.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur findings help policymakers and investors to (i) better understand how national institutions impact on both governance mechanisms and firm outcomes and (ii) develop policies or design governance mechanisms taking into consideration country‐, industry‐, and firm‐level contingencies.
Predictors of Adverse Events and Determinants of the Voriconazole Trough Concentration in Kidney Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Zhao Yi‐Chang , Lin Xiao‐Bin , Zhang Bi‐Kui , Xiao Yi‐wen , Xu Ping , Wang Feng , Xiang Da‐Xiong , Xie Xu‐Biao , Peng Feng‐Hua , Yan Miao 
Published: November 2020

Voriconazole is the mainstay for the treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients who underwent a kidney transplant. Variant CYP2C19 alleles, hepatic function, and concomitant medications are directly involved in the metabolism of voriconazole. However, the drug is also associated with numerous adverse events. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of adverse events using binary logistic regression and to measure its trough concentration using multiple linear modeling. We conducted a prospective analysis of 93 kidney recipients cotreated with voriconazole and recorded 213 trough concentrations of it. Predictors of the adverse events were voriconazole trough concentration with the odds ratios (OR) of 2.614 (P = 0.016), cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), and hemoglobin (OR 0.181, P = 0.005). The predictive power of these three factors was 91.30%. We also found that CYP2C19 phenotypes, hemoglobin, platelet count, and concomitant use of ilaprazole had quantitative relationships with voriconazole trough concentration. The fit coefficient of this regression equation was R2 = 0.336, demonstrating that the model explained 33.60% of interindividual variability in the disposition of voriconazole. In conclusion, predictors of adverse events are CYP2C19 phenotypes, hemoglobin, and voriconazole trough concentration. Determinants of the voriconazole trough concentration were CYP2C19 phenotypes, platelet count, hemoglobin, concomitant use of ilaprazole. If we consider these factors during voriconazole use, we are likely to maximize the treatment effect and minimize adverse events.
Shooting shots: Estimating alcoholic drink sizes in real life using event‐level reports and annotations of close‐up pictures
Authors: Labhart Florian , Phan Thanh‐Trung , Gatica‐Perez Daniel , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDrinks consumed in real life are diverse, in terms of beverage type, container size and alcohol by volume. To date, most ecological momentary assessment studies have assessed drinking amounts with ‘standard’ drinks, although their event‐level design allows for more advanced assessment schemes. The purpose of this empirical study is to compare participants' estimates of alcoholic drink characteristics, assessed using drink‐specific questions, with estimates generated by annotators based on pictures of the same drinks.Design and MethodsOn weekend nights, 186 young adults took 1484 close‐up pictures of their drinks using a custom‐built smartphone application. Participants reported the beverage type, drink size and alcohol by volume. Annotators described the beverage type, container size and filling level. Correspondence between participants’ and annotators' estimates was explored using descriptive statistics, difference tests and correlations.ResultsAnnotators were unable to precisely identify the beverage types in most pictures of liqueurs, spirits and mixed drinks. Participants' drink size estimates converged with annotators' estimates of the container size for beer (41 cl corresponding to 16 g of pure alcohol) and mixed drinks (28 cl/35 g), and of the content size for wine (10 cl/9 g). However, annotators estimated larger sizes for liqueur/fortified wine (12 cl/14 g vs. 7 cl/9 g) and spirits (8 cl/26 g vs. 4 cl/10 g) than participants.Discussion and ConclusionsAnnotations of pictures should be considered as a complement to participants' reports rather than a substitute. Except for wine, real‐life drinks vary largely and often exceed 10 g ‘standard’ drinks.
Supremacist thinking, epistemological despair, and Christian hope
Authors: Hockenbery Jennifer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article looks at the connection between white supremacist cults and an epistemology of despair—a view that knowledge cannot be shared or communicated between diverse people. The theology of Augustine, the fourth century African bishop, undermines the power of this epistemology by inspiring hope in dialogue as an avenue towards ending white supremacist thinking.
COVID‐19 fatality prediction in people with diabetes and prediabetes using a simple score upon hospital admission
Authors: Sourij Harald , Aziz Faisal , Bräuer Alexander , Ciardi Christian , Clodi Martin , Fasching Peter , Karolyi Mario , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Klammer Carmen , Malle Oliver , Oulhaj Abderrahim , Pawelka Erich , Peric Slobodan , Ress Claudia , Sourij Caren , Stechemesser Lars , Stingl Harald , Stulnig Thomas , Tripolt Norbert , Wagner Michael , Wolf Peter , Zitterl Andreas , Kaser Susanne ,   for the COVID‐19 in diabetes in Austria study group
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo assess predictors of in‐hospital mortality in people with prediabetes and diabetes hospitalized for COVID‐19 infection and to develop a risk score for identifying those at the greatest risk of a fatal outcome.Materials and MethodsA combined prospective and retrospective, multicentre, cohort study was conducted at 10 sites in Austria in 247 people with diabetes or newly diagnosed prediabetes who were hospitalized with COVID‐19. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality and the predictor variables upon admission included clinical data, co‐morbidities of diabetes or laboratory data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors and to develop a risk score for in‐hospital mortality.ResultsThe mean age of people hospitalized (n = 238) for COVID‐19 was 71.1 ± 12.9 years, 63.6% were males, 75.6% had type 2 diabetes, 4.6% had type 1 diabetes and 19.8% had prediabetes. The mean duration of hospital stay was 18 ± 16 days, 23.9% required ventilation therapy and 24.4% died in the hospital. The mortality rate in people with diabetes was numerically higher (26.7%) compared with those with prediabetes (14.9%) but without statistical significance (P = .128). A score including age, arterial occlusive disease, C‐reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate and aspartate aminotransferase levels at admission predicted in‐hospital mortality with a C‐statistic of 0.889 (95% CI: 0.837‐0.941) and calibration of 1.000 (P = .909).ConclusionsThe in‐hospital mortality for COVID‐19 was high in people with diabetes but not significantly different to the risk in people with prediabetes. A risk score using five routinely available patient variables showed excellent predictive performance for assessing in‐hospital mortality.
Occurrence and patterns of orofacial injury in CrossFit practitioners
Authors: de Souza Bárbara Capitanio , Carteri Randhall Bruce , Lopes André Luiz , Lima Danilo Lopes Ferreira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCrossFit is an activity that can provide positive influences on body composition and physical fitness. However, the occurrence or pattern of possible injuries, especially in the orofacial region, has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and patterns of orofacial injuries in CrossFit practitioners.Material and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study carried out using an online questionnaire on the Google Forms platform. The volunteers were self‐selected men and women who practice CrossFit and reside in Brazilian municipalities. The online survey was conducted during April 2020 and comprised 12 questions. The data were analyzed, categorized, and presented as percentages.ResultsThese were 65 (27.8%) participants who reported having suffered at least one episode of orofacial trauma and they were more prevalent during training sessions 58 (89.2%). Among the regions with the highest frequency of injuries, the head 23 (21%), mental protuberance 22 (19.6%), upper lip 19 (16.9%), and maxillary teeth 14 (12.5%) were the most cited.ConclusionsThe prevalence of injuries in the head region indicates a potential concern. Preference should be given to making mouthguards for the maxillary teeth, as they are significantly more affected by trauma during CrossFit when compared to the mandibular teeth.
Evidence of energy and nutrient transfer from invasive pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawners to juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in northern Norway
Authors: Dunlop Kathy , Eloranta Antti P. , Schoen Erik , Wipfli Mark , Jensen Jenny L.A. , Muladal Rune , Christensen Guttorm N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent large influxes of non‐native Pacific pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to North European rivers have raised concern over their potential negative impacts on native salmonids and recipient ecosystems. The eggs and carcasses of semelparous pink salmon may provide a significant nutrient and energy subsidy to native biota, but this phenomenon has not been widely documented outside the species' native distribution. We analysed the stomach contents and stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C) in muscle and liver tissues of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to determine whether these native salmonids utilise marine‐derived nutrients and energy provided by pink salmon eggs and carcasses in the subarctic river system Vesterelva, northern Norway. Although egg foraging and assimilation of marine‐derived nutrients in fish body tissues were found to be minor at the population level, a few juvenile salmon and trout had recently eaten large quantities of pink salmon eggs. Some of these individuals also had high δ15N and δ13C values, indicating a long‐term diet subsidised by marine‐derived nutrients and energy from pink salmon eggs. Hence, our study provides novel evidence that the eggs of invasive pink salmon may provide an energetic, profitable food resource for juvenile native fish. More research is needed to understand the broader ecological implications for fishes and other biota in river ecosystems invaded by pink salmon.
Coevolution, diversification and alternative states in two‐trophic communities
Authors: Northfield Tobin D. , Ripa Jörgen , Nell Lucas A. , Ives Anthony R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle‐trait eco‐evolutionary models of arms races between consumers and their resource species often show inhibition rather than promotion of community diversification. In contrast, modelling arms races involving multiple traits, we found that arms races can promote diversification when trade‐off costs among traits make simultaneous investment in multiple traits either more beneficial or more costly. Coevolution between resource and consumer species generates an adaptive landscape for each, with the configuration giving predictable suites of consumer and resource species. Nonetheless, the adaptive landscape contains multiple alternative stable states, and which stable community is reached depends on small stochastic differences occurring along evolutionary pathways. Our results may solve a puzzling conflict between eco‐evolutionary theory that predicts community diversification via consumer–resource interactions will be rare, and empirical research that has uncovered real cases. Furthermore, our results suggest that these real cases might be just a subset of alternative stable communities.
Misinformation, internet honey trading and beekeepers drive a plant invasion
Authors: Lenda Magdalena , Skórka Piotr , Kuszewska Karolina , Moroń Dawid , Bełcik Michał , Baczek Kwinta Renata , Janowiak Franciszek , Duncan David H. , Vesk Peter A. , Possingham Hugh P. , Knops Johannes M. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiological invasions are a major human induced global change that is threatening global biodiversity by homogenizing the world’s fauna and flora. Species spread because humans have moved species across geographical boundaries and have changed ecological factors that structure ecosystems, such as nitrogen deposition, disturbance, etc. Many biological invasions are caused accidentally, as a byproduct of human travel and commerce driven product shipping. However, humans also have spread many species intentionally because of perceived benefits. Of interest is the role of the recent exponential growth in information exchange via internet social media in driving biological invasions. To date, this has not been examined. Here, we show that for one such invasive species, goldenrod, social networks spread misleading and incomplete information that is enhancing the spread of goldenrod invasions into new environments. We show that the notion of goldenrod honey as a “superfood” with unsupported healing properties is driving a demand that leads beekeepers to produce goldenrod honey. Social networks provide a forum for such information exchange and this is leading to further spread of goldenrod in many countries where goldenrod is not native, such as Poland. However, this informal social information exchange ignores laws that focus on preventing the further spread of invasive species and the strong negative effects that goldenrod has on native ecosystems, including floral resources that negatively impact honeybee performance. Thus, scientifically unsupported information on “superfoods” such as goldenrod honey that is disseminated through social internet networks has real world consequences such as increased goldenrod invasions into novel geographical regions which decreases native biodiversity.
Effects of lacosamide and carbamazepine on lipids in a randomized trial
Authors: Mintzer Scott , Dimova Svetlana , Zhang Ying , Steiniger‐Brach Björn , De Backer Marc , Chellun Daya , Roebling Robert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of anticonvulsants on lipids are the subject of considerable concern and investigation, but there are almost no data on this issue from randomized trials. We evaluated serum lipid profiles in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy, following randomization to lacosamide (LCM) or carbamazepine (CBZ) monotherapy.MethodsWe analyzed data from a Phase 3, international, randomized, double‐blind trial of LCM vs CBZ for the initial treatment of focal epilepsy. Serum lipid profiles in patients not taking lipid‐lowering agents and providing blood samples under fasting conditions before treatment, and following 3 or 12 months of treatment with LCM or CBZ at various doses were analyzed.ResultsAt 12 months, 271 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria for the analysis. No change was observed in LCM‐treated patients for total cholesterol, cholesterol fractions, or triglycerides. CBZ‐treated patients showed an increase of 21.1 mg/dL in total cholesterol, 12.6 mg/dL in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, 12.5 mg/dL in non–high density lipoprotein (non‐HDL) cholesterol, and 8.5 mg/dL in HDL cholesterol; triglycerides remained unchanged. The proportion of patients with elevated total cholesterol levels (above the upper limit of the reference range) did not change in the LCM treatment group (37.0% at Baseline; 34.8% at 12 months), but increased from 30.8% (at Baseline) to 49.6% (at 12 months) in the CBZ treatment group.SignificanceThis study provides Class II evidence that CBZ elevates serum lipids, whereas LCM has no effect on lipids. It supports LCM as an appropriate choice for new‐onset focal epilepsy.
Functional erosion and trait loss in fish assemblages from Neotropical reservoirs: The man beyond the environment
Authors: Dias Rosa Maria , de Oliveira Anielly Galego , Baumgartner Matheus Tenório , Angulo‐Valencia Mirtha Amanda , Agostinho Angelo Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts are altering ecosystems, especially aquatic habitats, resulting in the loss of critical biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of human pressure, as surrogated by the human footprint index (HFI), on the functional diversity of fish assemblages from 109 Neotropical reservoirs while considering covariates such as temperature, flooded area and age since damming. We assessed two components of functional diversity (richness and dispersion) and the specific trait composition of each fish assemblage. We found that both components of fish functional diversity decreased with increasing human pressure and that this relationship was stronger in reservoirs near large cities. There was a positive relationship between functional diversity and reservoir area, and a negative relationship between functional diversity and reservoir age. We also observed strong relationships between all the explanatory variables and functional traits, particularly for the HFI. We can infer that the ichthyofaunas of those reservoirs under higher human pressure are likely undergoing a simplification process along with homogenization of functional diversity.