bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Atherogenic Effect of Stem Cell Nanovesicles Targeting Disturbed Flow Sites
Authors: Yoon Jeong‐Kee , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Kang Mi‐Lan , Jang Hyeon‐Ki , Park Hyun‐Ji , Lee Jung Bok , Yi Se Won , Kim Hye‐Seon , Baek Sewoom , Park Dan Bi , You Jin , Lee Seong‐Deok , Sei Yoshitaka , Ahn Song Ih , Shin Young Min , Kim Chang Soo , Bae Sangsu , Kim YongTae , Sung Hak‐Joon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis development leads to irreversible cascades, highlighting the unmet need for improved methods of early diagnosis and prevention. Disturbed flow formation is one of the earliest atherogenic events, resulting in increased endothelial permeability and subsequent monocyte recruitment. Here, a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived nanovesicle (NV) that can target disturbed flow sites with the peptide GSPREYTSYMPH (PREY) (PMSC‐NVs) is presented which is selected through phage display screening of a hundred million peptides. The PMSC‐NVs are effectively produced from human MSCs (hMSCs) using plasmid DNA designed to functionalize the cell membrane with PREY. The potent anti‐inflammatory and pro‐endothelial recovery effects are confirmed, similar to those of hMSCs, employing mouse and porcine partial carotid artery ligation models as well as a microfluidic disturbed flow model with human carotid artery‐derived endothelial cells. This nanoscale platform is expected to contribute to the development of new theragnostic strategies for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.
The Nanomaterial Metabolite Corona Determined Using a Quantitative Metabolomics Approach: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chetwynd Andrew J. , Zhang Wei , Thorn James A. , Lynch Iseult , Ramautar Rawi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanomaterials (NMs) are promptly coated with biomolecules in biological systems leading to the formation of the so‐called corona. To date, research has predominantly focused on the protein corona and how it affects NM uptake, distribution, and bioactivity by conferring a biological identity to NMs enabling interactions with receptors to mediate cellular responses. Thus, protein corona studies are now integral to nanosafety assessment. However, a larger class of molecules, the metabolites, which are orders of magnitude smaller than proteins (<1000 Da) and regulate metabolic pathways, has been largely overlooked. This hampers the understanding of the bio–nano interface, development of computational predictions of corona formation, and investigations into uptake or toxicity at the cellular level, including identification of molecular initiating events triggering adverse outcome pathways. Here, a capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry based metabolomics approach reveals that pure polar ionogenic metabolite standards differentially adsorb to a range of 6 NMs (SiO2, 3 TiO2 with different surface chemistries, and naïve and carboxylated polystyrene NMs). The metabolite corona composition is quantitatively compared using protein‐free and complete plasma samples, revealing that proteins in samples significantly change the composition of the metabolite corona. This key finding provides the basis to include the metabolite corona in future nanosafety endeavors.
Transparent Electrodes Consisting of a Surface‐Treated Buffer Layer Based on Tungsten Oxide for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells and Four‐Terminal Tandem Applications
Authors: Park Helen Hejin , Kim Jincheol , Kim Geunjin , Jung Hyunmin , Kim Songhee , Moon Chan Su , Lee Seon Joo , Shin Seong Sik , Hao Xiaojing , Yun Jae Sung , Green Martin A. , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. , Jeon Nam Joong , Yang Tae‐Youl , Seo Jangwon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor semitransparent devices with n‐i‐p structures, a metal oxide buffer material is commonly used to protect the organic hole transporting layer from damage due to sputtering of the transparent conducting oxide. Here, a surface treatment approach is addressed for tungsten oxide‐based transparent electrodes through slight modification of the tungsten oxide surface with niobium oxide. Incorporation of this transparent electrode technique to the protective buffer layer significantly recovers the fill factor from 70.4% to 80.3%, approaching fill factor values of conventional opaque devices, which results in power conversion efficiencies over 18% for the semitransparent perovskite solar cells. Application of this approach to a four‐terminal tandem configuration with a silicon bottom cell is demonstrated.
Socio‐environmental confounders of safe water interventions
Authors: Smiley Sarah L. , Stoler Justin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe international development community spends billions of dollars annually on safe drinking water projects globally in low‐ and middle‐income settings. These projects are driven by the World Health Organization's Joint Monitoring Programme metrics that rely on indirect measurements of water insecurity via water source and fetching time, with tacit acknowledgment of price inelasticity. But the success of water interventions, as framed by these metrics, is often tempered by the reality that people do not always use the safest, nearest, or least expensive water source. Drinking water interventions are confounded by diverse social and environmental factors that shape household water seeking behaviors in unexpected or underappreciated ways. These caveats to human water‐related behaviors are littered throughout the drinking water literature—often as an anecdote to a given study's primary findings—and present significant barriers to providing universal safe water as outlined by Sustainable Development Goal 6. We review and categorize these socio‐environmental confounders into six themes at multiple scales: social relations, water properties, intermittency, affordability, fetching practices, and physical and mental health. We illustrate how efforts to mitigate drinking water insecurity are complicated by the interaction of these social and physical processes. We highlight emerging metrics that enable a richer assessment of household water insecurity, and emphasize the importance of transdisciplinary approaches to improve the effectiveness of clean water interventions.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Planning WaterEngineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of WaterHuman Water > Water as Imagined and RepresentedHuman Water > Value of Water
Using Ultrasonic Acoustics to Detect Cryptic Flying Squirrels: Effects of Season and Habitat Quality
Authors: Diggins Corinne A. , Gilley L. Michelle , Kelly Christine A. , Ford W. Mark 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTNew technologies allow for more efficient and effective monitoring of rare or elusive species. However, standardizing protocol to ensure high detection rates is important prior to widespread use of a new technique. The use of ultrasonic acoustic detectors to survey for flying squirrels (Glaucomys spp.) is a novel method that is more efficient than traditional methods. However, certain methodologies for this technique still need to be refined. During 2015, we conducted a seasonal and habitat quality study on the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (G. sabrinus coloratus) in western North Carolina, USA. Our seasonal study examined differences in probability of detection (POD) and latency to detection (LTD) at 30 high‐quality sites across 10 survey nights in spring, summer, and autumn. The habitat quality study focused on POD and LTD among 15 sites with varying habitat quality (5 High, 5 Medium, 5 Low) across 20 survey nights. We found POD similar between seasons, with POD 15–20% greater during spring. The LTD was comparable among seasons. We found that POD and LTD varied at sites with different habitat quality. The POD was similar between High and Medium sites (0.26 ± 0.04 SE and 0.29 ± 0.05, respectively), but greater than Low sites (0.02 ± 0.02). The LTD was not different among sites with differing habitat quality, although LTD at High sites was 2.7 and 4.5 times lower than Medium and Low sites, respectively. Trill calls, the most distinctive species‐specific call type produced by species of flying squirrels, was recorded at greater rates in spring versus other times of the year. Our results indicate flying squirrels can be surveyed during any season, although habitat quality needs to be considered when determining survey length. For Carolina northern flying squirrel, the optimal time to perform acoustic surveys is during the spring season for 6–10 survey nights at sites with high or medium habitat quality. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Rainstorm effects on the biocontrol efficacy of the decay fungus Chondrostereum purpureum against birch sprouting in boreal forests
Authors: Hamberg Leena , Saarinen Veli-Matti , Rantala Markku , Hantula Jarkko , Seiskari Pekka , Saksa Timo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In forest regeneration areas, alongside roads and railways, under electric power lines and above gas pipe lines, there is a need for regular sprout control. A biocontrol method against broadleaved sprouting with formulations including the decay fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pouzar has been shown to be effective. Yet, heavy rain during spreading of this fungal inoculum on freshly cut stumps may affect the efficacy of the treatment, i.e., stump mortality during the following years. Thus, we performed an experiment where freshly cut birch stump surfaces (Betula pendula Roth and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were treated with fungal inoculum under heavy irrigation and without it. Furthermore, two different adjuvants which aimed to fix the fungal inoculum to freshly cut stumps during irrigation and to protect against solar radiation were tested. Our results revealed that the artificial rainstorm treatment caused a delay in the efficacy of C. purpureum, but after three growing seasons, there was no significant difference in the mortality of birch stumps treated under irrigation or without it (stump mortalities 74 and 86%, respectively). Adjuvants did not improve the efficacy in stumps treated under irrigation nor in those treated without irrigation.

Key Points
• Heavy rain delayed the sprout control efficacy of a fungus Chondrostereum purpureum.
• Final efficacy of formulations was the same in wet and dry conditions.
• No additional adjuvants are needed to improve formulations.
Lower limb peripersonal space and the desire to amputate a leg
Authors: Stone Kayla D. , Kornblad Clara A. E. , Engel Manja M. , Dijkerman H. Chris , Blom Rianne M. , Keizer Anouk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBody integrity identity disorder (BIID) is a rare condition defined by a persistent desire to amputate or paralyze a healthy limb (usually one or both of the legs). This desire arises from experiencing a mismatch between the internal body model and the actual physical/functional boundaries of the body. People with BIID show an abnormal physiological response to stimuli approaching the affected (unwanted) but not the unaffected leg, which might suggest a retracted peripersonal space (PPS: a multisensory integration zone near the body) around the unwanted limb. Thus, using a visuo-tactile interaction task, we examined leg PPS in a group of healthy men and three men with BIID who desired unilateral leg amputation. PPS size (~ 70 cm) around the unwanted BIID legs did not differ from that of healthy controls. Although the leg feels foreign in BIID, it still seems to maintain a PPS, presumably to protect it and facilitate interactions within the surrounding environment.
Comparative genomic profiling of glandular bladder tumours
Authors:   for the German study group of bladder cancer, Maurer Angela , Ortiz-Bruechle Nadina , Guricova Karolina , Rose Michael , Morsch Ronja , Garczyk Stefan , Stöhr Robert , Bertz Simone , Golz Reinhard , Reis Henning , Bremmer Felix , Zimpfer Annette , Siegert Sabine , Kristiansen Glen , Schwamborn Kristina , Gassler Nikolaus , Knuechel Ruth , Gaisa Nadine T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimary glandular bladder tumours (bladder adenocarcinoma [BAC], urachal adenocarcinoma [UAC], urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation [UCg]) are rare malignancies with histological resemblance to colorectal adenocarcinoma (CORAD) in the majority of this subgroup. Definite case numbers are very low, molecular data are limited and the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study was designed to complement current knowledge by in depth analysis of BAC (n = 12), UAC (n = 13), UCg (n = 11) and non-invasive glandular lesions (n = 19). In BAC, in addition to known alterations in TP53, Wnt, MAP kinase and MTOR pathway, mutations in SMAD4, ARID1A and BRAF were identified. Compared to published data on muscle invasive bladder cancer (BLCA) and CORAD, UCg exhibited frequent “urothelial” like alterations while BAC and UAC were characterised by a more “colorectal” like mutational pattern. Immunohistochemically, there was no evidence of DNA mismatch repair deficiency or PD-L1 tumour cell positivity in any sample. Depending on the used antibody 0–45% of BAC, 0–30% of UCg and 0% UAC cases exhibited PD-L1 expressing tumour associated immune cells. A single BAC (9%, 1/11) showed evidence of ARID1A protein loss, and two cases of UCg (20%, 2/10) showed loss of SMARCA1 and PBRM1, respectively. Taken together, our data suggest at least in part involvement of similar pathways driving tumourigenesis of adenocarcinomas like BAC, UAC and CORAD independent of their tissue origin. Alterations of TERT and FBXW7 in single cases of intestinal metaplasia further point towards a possible precancerous character in line with previous reports.
Identification of intrinsic and reflexive contributions to trunk stabilization in patients with low back pain: a case–control study
Authors: Griffioen M. , van Drunen P. , Maaswinkel E. , Perez R. S. G. M. , Happee R. , van Dieën J. H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study was to assess differences in low back stabilization and underlying mechanisms between patients with low back pain (LBP) and healthy controls. It has been hypothesized that inadequate trunk stabilization could contribute to LBP through high tissue strains and/or impingement. Evidence to support this is inconsistent, and not all methods that have been used to study trunk stabilization are equally suitable. We have recently developed a method to assess intrinsic and reflexive contributions to trunk stabilization, which aims to circumvent the limitations of previous studies.

Methods
Forty-nine participants suffering from chronic LBP and a control group of fifty healthy subjects participated in this study. Trunk stabilization was measured using force-controlled perturbations directly applied to the trunk. The actuator displacement and contact force between the actuator and subject were measured as well as electromyography (EMG) of the M. Longissimus. Underlying mechanisms were characterized using system identification.

Results
LBP patients showed lower admittance, i.e., less displacement per unit of force applied, mainly due to higher position, velocity and acceleration feedback gains. Among patients, lower trunk admittance and higher reflex gains were associated with more negative pain-related cognitions.

Conclusion
Trunk stabilization differs between LBP patients and controls, with the same perturbations causing less trunk movement in patients, due to stronger reflexes. We interpret these changes as reflecting protective behavior.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
New CAP Delivery Model, Old Issues
Authors: Lovec Marko , Šumrada Tanja , Erjavec Emil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe proposed Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the period 2021–2027 will be more flexible and, presumably, more effective. To provide for sufficient ambition and prevent a race to the bottom, national strategic plans will be introduced with quantitative targets covering both policy pillars. This article argues that since formal requirements and the evaluation model are weak on actual long-term impact, substantial improvements are unlikely. To test this, programming rules are experimentally evaluated on the implementation of CAP 2014–2020 in Slovenia. The experiment shows that while measures and resources broadly correspond to policy objectives, the specific relevance of measures is generally weak and has potential effects dispersed among several objectives, resulting in high costs for individual objectives at best. Without the effective inclusion of an impact assessment, the outcome will rely on the capacity and benevolence of national governance systems.
Benchmarking inference methods for water quality monitoring and status classification
Authors: Jung Hoseung , Senf Cornelius , Jordan Philip , Krueger Tobias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRiver water quality monitoring at limited temporal resolution can lead to imprecise and inaccurate classification of physicochemical status due to sampling error. Bayesian inference allows for the quantification of this uncertainty, which can assist decision-making. However, implicit assumptions of Bayesian methods can cause further uncertainty in the uncertainty quantification, so-called second-order uncertainty. In this study, and for the first time, we rigorously assessed this second-order uncertainty for inference of common water quality statistics (mean and 95th percentile) based on sub-sampling high-frequency (hourly) total reactive phosphorus (TRP) concentration data from three watersheds. The statistics were inferred with the low-resolution sub-samples using the Bayesian lognormal distribution and bootstrap, frequentistttest, and face-value approach and were compared with those of the high-frequency data as benchmarks. Thettest exhibited a high risk of bias in estimating the water quality statistics of interest and corresponding physicochemical status (up to 99% of sub-samples). The Bayesian lognormal model provided a good fit to the high-frequency TRP concentration data and the least biased classification of physicochemical status (< 5% of sub-samples). Our results suggest wide applicability of Bayesian inference for water quality status classification, a new approach for regulatory practice that provides uncertainty information about water quality monitoring and regulatory classification with reduced bias compared to frequentist approaches. Furthermore, the study elucidates sizeable second-order uncertainty due to the choice of statistical model, which could be quantified based on the high-frequency data.
Adaptive self-learning mechanisms for updating short-term production decisions in an industrial mining complex
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Dimitrakopoulos Roussos , Maulen Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA mining complex is an integrated value chain where the materials extracted from a group of mineral deposits are sent to different processing streams to produce sellable products. A major short-term decision in a mining complex is to determine the flow of materials that first includes deciding which handling facilities to send the extracted materials and then determining how to utilize the processing facilities. The flow of materials through the mining complex is significantly dependent on the performance of and interaction between its different components. New digital technologies, including the development of advanced sensors and monitoring devices, have enabled a mining complex to acquire new information about the performance of its different components. This paper proposes a new continuous updating framework that combines policy gradient reinforcement learning and an extended ensemble Kalman filter to adapt the short-term flow of materials in a mining complex with incoming information. The framework first uses a new extended ensemble Kalman filter to update the uncertainty models of the different components of a mining complex with new incoming information. Then, the updated uncertainty models are fed to a neural network trained using a policy gradient reinforcement learning algorithm to adapt the short-term flow of materials in a mining complex. The proposed framework is applied to a copper mining complex and shows its ability to efficiently adapt the short-term flow of materials in an operational mining environment with new incoming information. The framework better meets the different production targets while improving the cumulative cash flow compared to industry standard approaches.
Thermoanalytical and dilatometric studies of the Al2O3–Cu–Mo hybrid composite
Authors: Zygmuntowicz J. , Piątek M. , Wachowski M. , Piotrkiewicz P. , Kaszuwara W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present research is focused on the characterization of the composites from Al2O3–Cu–Mo system. The composites were prepared by slip casting method and subsequent sintering of green bodies in a reduced atmosphere. Two series of samples with different volume content of metallic powders were produced in the work: 10 vol% and 15 vol% of metal content with respect to the total solid-phase content. The sintering process of the composites was analyzed in detail. The linear shrinkage of the composites was measured. The shrinkage curves were obtained by dilatometry test in a heating mode. The composites were characterized by DTA/TG analyses and thermal conductivity. The composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDX. The hardness was measured by Vickers hardness tester. Moreover, the Brazilian test was performed to determine the tensile mechanical properties of the composites. Fractography investigation was carried out as well. Dilatometric tests showed that the increase of the metallic phase volume in the ceramic matrix causes a decrease in the starting temperature of densification. Simultaneously, dilatometric experiments indicated that an increasing amount of metallic particles into the ceramic matrix increases the temperature of maximum densification and decreases the total shrinkage of the composites during sintering. The DTA/TG showed the characteristics of the dispersant decomposition to the atmosphere during thermal treatment and increase of mass connected with the oxidation of metals. Fractography results revealed good adhesion between Al2O3 matrix and the metallic phase. The observation allowed to conclude that the Al2O3 matrix surface is characterized by the brittle fracture mechanism.
International assessment of low reading proficiency in the adult population: A question of components or lower rungs?
Authors: Grotlüschen Anke , Nienkemper Barbara , Duncker-Euringer Caroline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmong the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched in 2015, the fourth goal (SDG 4) is dedicated to education, and one of the ten targets within that goal specifically addresses adult literacy and numeracy skills. Efforts to reach this target involve monitoring, which in turn involves assessment. The most powerful instrument for assessing literacy proficiency is the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It has five hierarchically organised proficiency levels for literacy. A sixth category, labelled “below Level 1”, lumps together low proficiencies at the bottom end of the proficiency continuum. To boost effective action in addressing SDG 4, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) recently launched the Global Alliance to Monitor Learning (GAML), which aims to support national assessment strategies and to develop internationally comparable indicators and methodological measurement tools. While PIAAC Levels 1–5 are already broadly suitable for international comparison, the “below Level 1” category has so far only been assessed by individual countries (e.g. Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany) using instruments developed nationally. Focusing on the reading aspect of literacy, the authors of this article investigate how these nationally developed low proficiency assessment instruments might be adjusted to facilitate international comparability.