bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of adverse natural phenomena, anthropogenic factors on the efficiency of land users (regional aspect)
Authors: Chechin D I , Nedikova E V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of land users depends on weather conditions, which significantly affect the results of agricultural production. Recently, there has also been a general trend of some natural phenomena unpredictability. It can worsen or negate the operating profits of land users in the agricultural production field, therefore it is essential to study the nature of negative natural phenomena typical for the Central Black Earth region.
The Central Black Earth Region is characterized by a high degree of reclamation and ploughing of lands. With the high ploughing of agricultural land in the region, the ecological potential of natural land protection has sharply decreased. This problem requires significant costs and public funding. Therefore, it is necessary to provide conditions for maintaining, and then improving the environmental sustainability of agricultural landscapes and reliable soil protection from erosion processes. The conditions for addressing these issues are formed in the process of creating sustainable land use. In this case, local wind circulation is especially important. The analysis showed yearly average dominance of south-west (15.0%), south-east (14.3%) and west (13.7%) winds in the region, which means that the wind blows with a certain stability from all sides. Therefore, when establishing protective forest belts, it is necessary to take into account various aspects of the agro-ecological environment and climate. Protective forest belts and bush plantings are one of the main levers for controlling the microclimate formation of a given land use territory.
Forecasting methods for the total evapotranspiration of fodder crops in arid conditions of Kalmykia
Authors: Okonov M M , Bakinova T I , Jirgalova E A , Ubushaeva S V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In 1995-2015, in the dry steppe and semi-desert zones of the Caspian lowland, a series of experimental studies were conducted on brown and light chestnut soils to establish the total evapotranspiration of annual fodder crops using irrigated arable land. Four different methods were studied; the water balance method was used as a control one. The temperature coefficients of the total water consumption, as well as the coefficients of an air humidity deficit combined with the scale of biological time of vegetation were determined. Specified coefficients of water consumption were determined; they were differentiated depending on different conditions of mineral nutrition and the planned yield. For production conditions, biological and mathematical models of dependence have been developed in order to determine an optimal water regime in the arid zone. Based on the obtained experimental data, the convergence of the calculated values obtained by the bioclimatic and water balance methods was achieved. The planned crop yield was produced.
Normal stress effect on plastic yielding of notched metallic glass: a finite element simulation study
Authors: Zhong Wen , Ren Yanan , Hu Jing , Xiang Huiyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The pressure or normal stress effect on the plastic yielding of metallic glasses (MGs) is still poorly understood due to their complex nature of deformation process. A knowledge on the internal stress distribution and evolution around the plastic shearing plane holds the key for understanding the above issue. In this study, we studied the plastic deformation process of a notched bulk metallic glass by finite element simulation using the von-Mises yielding criterion and Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion, respectively. The internal shear stress distribution and evolution on the notched shear plane was analyzed, and the yielding strength is extracted by averaging the shear stress on the shear plane. It was found that the plastic flow of MGs is greatly influenced by the pressure/normal stress effect as captured by Mohr-Coulomb yielding criterion, and the strength extracted with the criterion agrees well with that obtained from experiments. The effect of pressure/normal stress on the plastic flow of MGs are also discussed from the mechanistic viewpoint. Our results may help for understanding the underlying origin for the pressure/normal stress effect on the plastic flow of MGs.
Microstructural characterization and evolution under high temperature oxidation of CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coating deposited by high-velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying
Authors: Shi Wei , Wu Yuping , Hong Sheng , Yang Weihua , Wei Zheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coating was fabricated on H13 steel substrate using high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. A detail characterization on the microstructures, element distribution and phase composition of the HVOF sprayed CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coating was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microstructural evolution and microhardness of the coating at different temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the coating had a dense and uniform microstructure with a low porosity of 0.44%. The primary phases for the CoCrAlYTa-10%Al2O3 coating were identified as Co-based solid solution, Cr-based solid solution, Al2O3 phase and TaC particles. Compounds such as Cr7C3, Al13Co4 and aluminum-yttrium oxides Al5Y3O12 were also confirmed by TEM observation results. Owing to the rapidly cooling rates of the molten droplets, nano-crystalline phase was existed in the coating. The average microhardness of the coating was 640 HV0.1. Its high microhardness derived from the presence of certain volume fraction of hard Al2O3, Cr7C3 and TaC grains within the coating. After 1h of oxidation, oxides like CrO2 and Ta2O5 were formed when the coating exposed at the temperature up to 800 °C. At the temperature above 600 °C, the hardness of the coating remained at a high level (600 HV0.1). It possessed better high temperature softening resistance than H13 steel, indicated that the coating exhibited good mechanical properties at high temperature.
Facile preparation of porous activated carbon under ultrasonic assistance for the Methylene blue removal from aqueous environment: characterization, isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Eslami Hadi , Khosravi Rasoul , Miri Mohammad Reza , Gholami Abdollah , Ghahramani Esmail , Khosravi Afshin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Powdered Peganum Harmala activated carbon (PPAC) was synthesized by a new activation method using ultrasonic waves (with a frequency of 37 KHz for 1 h) after carbonization and application to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. In this experiment, the characteristics of the PPAC were examined through BET, FESEM, and FTIR spectrum. The effects of the initial pH (2–12), the adsorbent’s dose (0.5–4 g L−1), reaction time (2–80 min), initial concentration of the dye (50–300 mg l−1), mixing rate (0–300 rpm), and the solution’s temperature (10 °C–50 °C) in adsorption process were investigated. The results indicated that ultrasonic waves have the significant effect on the carbon activating process. BET analysis indicated that the specific surface area of PPAC before activation was 0.776 m2 g−1 and had increased to 442.14 m2 g−1 following activation by ultrasonic waves. FESEM images showed that significant elevation of the porosity level and development of numerous pores in the activated carbon. FTIR analysis indicates that following the activation, –OH groups have been developed onto the PPAC surfaces. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics were well fitted by the Freundlich and pseudo-second order model. Investigation of thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption process of MB by PPAC is spontaneous, endothermic, and physical.
Network analyses in microbiome based on high-throughput multi-omics data
Authors: Liu Zhaoqian , Ma Anjun , Mathé Ewy , Merling Marlena , Ma Qin , Liu Bingqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTogether with various hosts and environments, ubiquitous microbes interact closely with each other forming an intertwined system or community. Of interest, shifts of the relationships between microbes and their hosts or environments are associated with critical diseases and ecological changes. While advances in high-throughput Omics technologies offer a great opportunity for understanding the structures and functions of microbiome, it is still challenging to analyse and interpret the omics data. Specifically, the heterogeneity and diversity of microbial communities, compounded with the large size of the datasets, impose a tremendous challenge to mechanistically elucidate the complex communities. Fortunately, network analyses provide an efficient way to tackle this problem, and several network approaches have been proposed to improve this understanding recently. Here, we systemically illustrate these network theories that have been used in biological and biomedical research. Then, we review existing network modelling methods of microbial studies at multiple layers from metagenomics to metabolomics and further to multi-omics. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of present studies and provide a perspective for further directions in support of the understanding of microbial communities.
BAlaS: fast, interactive and accessible computational alanine-scanning using BudeAlaScan
Authors: Wood Christopher W , Ibarra Amaurys A , Bartlett Gail J , Wilson Andrew J , Woolfson Derek N , Sessions Richard B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
In experimental protein engineering, alanine-scanning mutagenesis involves the replacement of selected residues with alanine to determine the energetic contribution of each side chain to forming an interaction. For example, it is often used to study protein–protein interactions. However, such experiments can be time-consuming and costly, which has led to the development of programmes for performing computational alanine-scanning mutagenesis (CASM) to guide experiments. While programmes are available for this, there is a need for a real-time web application that is accessible to non-expert users.

Results
Here, we present BAlaS, an interactive web application for performing CASM via BudeAlaScan and visualizing its results. BAlaS is interactive and intuitive to use. Results are displayed directly in the browser for the structure being interrogated enabling their rapid inspection. BAlaS has broad applications in areas, such as drug discovery and protein-interface design.

Availability and implementation
BAlaS works on all modern browsers and is available through the following website: https://balas.app. The project is open source, distributed using an MIT license and is available on GitHub (https://github.com/wells-wood-research/balas).
Devastating Gynecological Infections in Women with STAT3 Deficiency
Authors: Redor Alexis , Danion François , Parize Perrine , Chandesris Olivia , Dbjay Jonathan , Duréault Amélie , Le Guenno Guillaume , Cazorla Celine , Vergnon-Miszczycha Delphine , Bats Anne Sophie , Bodemer Christine , Hoarau Cyrille , Charlier Caroline , Mahlaoui Nizar , Lecuit Marc , Lanternier Fanny , Lortholary Olivier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We provide the first description of a series of 9 severe gynecological infections (mastitis and pelvic cellulitis) occurring in the French national cohort of women with STAT3 deficiency. Each episode had unique features in terms of clinical presentation, microbial documentation, location, treatment duration, and related persistent esthetic damage.
The Rationale for a Mandatory Antibiotic Stewardship Rotation During Residency: What Worked, What Needs More Work
Authors: Laguio-Vila Maryrose , Lesho Emil P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reports of antibiotic stewardship (AS) integration into the &gt; 1000 United States internal medicine and family practice residency core curricula are scarce, but residents value such training. To help address this gap, and the projected shortage of physicians with training for establishing and leading an AS program (ASP), we describe the rationale for, and the output and shortcomings of, a dedicated AS rotation. Residents critically review, in real-time, inpatient antibiotic orders, provide feedback to the prescribers, learn the mechanics and requirements of an ASP, and complete a preliminary quality improvement project. Program evaluations are uniformly positive, noting limited opportunities otherwise to clarify optimal antibiotic choices or discuss antibiotics in depth. Nine posters at national conferences and 1 publication have roots in this rotation. Three alumni matriculated to accredited US infectious diseases fellowships. We invite others to join us in calling for more AS training opportunities during residency.
Comparison of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban for effectiveness and safety in atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Rutherford Ole-Christian W , Jonasson Christian , Ghanima Waleed , Söderdahl Fabian , Halvorsen Sigrun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to compare the risk of stroke or systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) using dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban in routine clinical practice.

Methods and results
Using nationwide registries in Norway from January 2013 to December 2017, we established a cohort of 52 476 new users of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with AF. Users of individual NOACs were matched 1:1 on the propensity score to create three pairwise-matched cohorts: dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban (20 504 patients), dabigatran vs. apixaban (20 826 patients), and rivaroxaban vs. apixaban (27 398 patients). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of stroke or SE and major bleeding were estimated. In the propensity-matched comparisons of the risk of stroke or SE, the HRs were 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–1.02] for dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban, 0.88 (95% CI 0.75–1.02) for dabigatran vs. apixaban, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.89–1.14) for apixaban vs. rivaroxaban. For the risk of major bleeding, the HRs were 0.75 (95% CI 0.64–0.88) for dabigatran vs. rivaroxaban, 1.03 (95% CI 0.85–1.24) for dabigatran vs. apixaban, and 0.79 (95% CI 0.68–0.91) for apixaban vs. rivaroxaban.

Conclusion
In this nationwide study of patients with AF in Norway, we found no statistically significant differences in risk of stroke or SE in propensity-matched comparisons between dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. However, dabigatran and apixaban were both associated with significantly lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban.
Rulers or Rules? International Law, Elite Cues and Public Opinion
Authors: Strezhnev Anton , Simmons Beth A , Kim Matthew D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the mechanisms by which international law can shape domestic politics is through its effects on public opinion. However, a growing number of national leaders have begun to advocate policies that ignore or even deny international law constraints. This article investigates whether international law messages can still shift public opinion even in the face of countervailing elite cues. It reports results from survey experiments conducted in three countries – the USA, Australia and India – which examined attitudes on a highly salient domestic political issue: restrictions on refugee admissions. In each experimental vignette, respondents were asked about their opinion on a proposed or ongoing restrictive refugee policy that was endorsed by the government but also likely contravened international refugee law. Respondents were randomly exposed to messages highlighting the policy’s illegality and/or elite endorsement. The results show that, on average, the international law messages had a small but significant persuasive effect in reducing support for the restrictive policy, at most 10 percentage points. Surprisingly, there was no evidence that the countervailing elite endorsement was a significant moderator of this effect. However, in the case of the USA and among Republican co-partisans of the president, the elite endorsement independently increased respondents’ beliefs that the restriction was legal under international law while having no effect on support for the policy. The results suggest that cues from domestic elites do not strictly trump those from international sources and that, despite cues about national leaders’ policy advocacy, international law can affect the attitudes of some voters even on an issue as heavily politicized as refugee policy.
Intergenerational Class Mobility among Men and Women in Europe: Gender Differences or Gender Similarities?
Authors: Bukodi Erzsébet , Paskov Marii 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we address two inter-related questions. Are there gender differences in the level and the pattern of intergenerational class mobility? If so, do these differences show up in a uniform fashion in Europe? To answer these questions, we use a newly constructed comparative data set that allows us to examine how far differences between men and women in absolute and relative mobility can still be characterized in the same way as in the last decades of the 20th century. We also examine the effects of women’s heterogeneity in terms of labour market attachment on their class mobility. Our results show that in most countries, women are more likely than men to be found in different class positions to those of their parents’. But we point out that the reasons for this might be quite different in the West and in the East. As regards relative mobility chances, we are able to underwrite the dominant finding of past research that women display greater social fluidity than men only in a certain group of countries. In most countries, we do not find any systematic and uniform gender difference between men and women in the level of their relative mobility rates. But, we do find significant and systematic gender differences in the pattern of relative rates: women’s class mobility appears to be more impeded by hierarchical barriers than by the propensity for class inheritance. And, in this regard, our findings point to a large degree of commonality across European countries.
A new solution method for a class of large dimension rank-two nonconvex programs
Authors: Cambini Riccardo , Venturi Irene 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Low-rank problems are nonlinear minimization problems in which the objective function, by means of a suitable linear transformation of the variables, depends on very few variables. These problems often arise in quantitative management science applications, for example, in location models, transportation problems, production planning, data envelopment analysis and multiobjective programs. They are usually approached by means of outer approximation, branch and bound, branch and select and optimal level solution methods. The paper studies, from both a theoretical and an algorithmic point of view, a class of large-dimension rank-two nonconvex problems having a polyhedral feasible region and $f(x)=\phi (c^Tx+c_0,d^Tx+d_0)$ as the objective function. The proposed solution algorithm unifies a new partitioning method, an outer approximation approach and a mixed method. The results of a computational test are provided to compare these three approaches with the optimal level solutions method. In particular, the new partitioning method performs very well in solving large problems.
A qualitative study of zoonotic risk factors among rural communities in southern China
Authors: Li Hong-Ying , Zhu Guang-Jian , Zhang Yun-Zhi , Zhang Li-Biao , Hagan Emily A , Martinez Stephanie , Chmura Aleksei A , Francisco Leilani , Tai Hina , Miller Maureen , Daszak Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrategies are urgently needed to mitigate the risk of zoonotic disease emergence in southern China, where pathogens with zoonotic potential are known to circulate in wild animal populations. However, the risk factors leading to emergence are poorly understood, which presents a challenge in developing appropriate mitigation strategies for local communities.MethodsResidents in rural communities of Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces were recruited and enrolled in this study. Data were collected through ethnographic interviews and field observations, and thematically coded and analysed to identify both risk and protective factors for zoonotic disease emergence at the individual, community and policy levels.ResultsEighty-eight ethnographic interviews and 55 field observations were conducted at nine selected sites. Frequent human–animal interactions and low levels of environmental biosecurity in local communities were identified as risks for zoonotic disease emergence. Policies and programmes existing in the communities provide opportunities for zoonotic risk mitigation.ConclusionsThis study explored the relationship among zoonotic risk and human behaviour, environment and policies in rural communities in southern China. It identifies key behavioural risk factors that can be targeted for development of tailored risk-mitigation strategies to reduce the threat of novel zoonoses.
Translating Hygge: A Danish Design Myth and Its Anglophone Appropriation
Authors: Breunig Malene , Kallestrup Shona 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hygge, the lifestyling trend that offers a path to ‘authentic’ Danish contentment, is one of the more curious instances of cultural translation in recent years, both semantically and in terms of how an everyday Danish concept has been transformed by London publishing houses into a marketable commodity. Despite the widespread international popular success of the phenomenon, hygge has received little academic attention. What is particularly lacking is an analysis of the cultural transferral of the concept, of the rather different set of meanings constructed by the remodelling of hygge by English-speaking commentators. This article proposes that design history can offer a helpful framework for this kind of understanding. By approaching the case of hygge as a ‘mythology’ in the Barthian sense, we will argue that the concept builds upon the legacy of the mythologies imprinted on Anglophone societies by the branding of Scandinavian Design since the 1950s. Highlighting the links between such myths and the manufactured British version of hygge, we will posit that the meaning of hygge—the way it operates as a sign in British culture today—is dependent upon longstanding structures of understanding.