bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Knowledge and Understanding of the Malaysian School-Based Oral English Assessment
Authors: Fook Chan Yuen , Sidhu Gurnam Kaur , Mohamad Azleena 
Published: August 2020

Purpose – The paper sought to investigate TESL teachers’ knowledge and understanding of the Malaysian School Based Oral English Assessment (SBOEA) after five years into its implementation in upper secondary ESL classrooms in Malaysian public schools Method – The descriptive study involved a total of 80 TESL trained teachers from the 19 schools located in a district in Selangor, Malaysia. The study employed a three-prong strategy to collect data which included a questionnaire, semi structured interviews and document analysis. Findings – The findings of the study indicated that there was a low compliance (58.7%) rate among teachers to the procedures laid out in the SBOEA Manual with regards to the implementation of SBOEA. The teachers also acknowledged their lack of knowledge and understanding of the SBOEA and a half of the teachers in the study admitted having problems with the scoring criteria. Some teachers highlighted that they felt the SBOEA lacked reliability and validity within and outside the schools. Significance – The paper explores the possible implications of the study to the enhancement of the implementation of the School Based Oral English Assessment in Malaysian public schools.
Learning Approaches of Undergraduate Computer Technology Students: Strategies for Improvement
Authors: Malakolunthu Suseela , Joshua Alice 
Published: August 2020

Purpose – In recent times, quality of graduates and their performance has been questioned. Students’ performance is an indicator of the kind of approach (deep or surface) that is taken. This study investigates the kind of undergraduates take in their learning processes. Methodology – This quantitative survey used Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F). Sixty-three students participated in the study. Findings – Results showed no significant difference between the types of approach by gender, nationality, year of study, and major. However, the rank ordering of the mean value indicated that almost all the students who participated in the study did not possess a deep approach to learning. The Pearson’s r analysis revealed a weak negative statistical correlation between the deep and surface approaches to learning and weak positive statistical correlation between surface strategy and deep approach. However, a significant relationship between deep strategy and deep approach (r = .903**, p < .01) was found. Significance – The lack of deep approach to learning among students can be attributed to factors such as the conditions of learning, professional capacity of teachers, and lack of instructional rigor in the program or coursework. It is imperative that emphasis is placed on using deep approaches to learning in the university courses so that deep learning experiences are created for students.
Faktor-Faktor Penyumbang dalam Pertimbangan Moral Pelajar Sekolah Agama
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Mohd Zailani 
Published: August 2020

Tujuan – Matlamat utama kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka maklumat-maklumat yang berkaitan dengan konsep pertimbangan moral dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah agama. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh dimensi kecenderungan kerohanian Islam dan dimensi sikap dan pegangan terhadap standard kelaziman sosial terhadap pertimbangan moral mengikut skema-skema yang ditetapkan. Metodologi – Tiga alat ukur digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu Ujian Skema Taakulan Akhlak (UPSTA), Soal Selidik Kecenderungan Kerohanian Islam (ISDQ) dan Ujian Sikap dan Pegangan Terhadap Standard Kelaziman Sosial (USPSK). Subjek kajian terdiri daripada 500 orang pelajar yang dibahagikan kepada jantina mengikut jenis sekolah menengah agama di negeri Kelantan yang dipilih secara rawak berstrata iaitu Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama (SMKA), Maahad Muhammadi (MM), Maahad Tahfiz al-Quran/ Sains (MTAQ/MTS), Sekolah Agama Rakyat (SAR) dan Sekolah Agama Swasta (SAS). Kajian tinjuan ini menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif berasaskan pendekatan kajian rentas (Cross Sectional). Data dikumpulkan daripada ketiga-tiga ujian di atas dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik regresi berganda stepwise. Dapatan- Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa dimensi kepercayaaan dan keimanan berperanan sebagai pengaruh yang kuat dalam pertimbangan moral pelajar sekolah menengah agama. Dapatan juga menunjukkan dimensi kepercayaan dan keimanan, dimensi intrinsik dan dimensi ekstrinsik dalam aspek kecenderungan kerohanian Islam memberi pengaruh yang signifikan (R² = .47, sig .00) terhadap pertimbangan moral pelajar sekolah agama. Namun dimensi hak asasi manusia di dalam pemboleh ubah sikap dan pegangan terhadap standard kelaziman sosial hanya menyumbang (R² = .02, sig .03) terhadap pertimbangan moral dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah agama di negeri Kelantan. Kepentingan- Kajian ini menyediakan kefahaman baru kepada isu pertimbangan moral pelajar-pelajar sekolah menengah agama. Kecenderungan pelajar sekolah agama terhadap aspek kerohanian Islam memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan kualiti pertimbangan moral mereka.
Could the Great Depression Repeat Itself in the 21St Century?
Authors: Heong Quah Chee , Ismail Mohd Nazari 
Published: August 2020

By 2031, it will be a century since the Great Depression, touted as the most dreadful depression in the history of U.S. and the rest of the world, had taken place. In the final decades of last century and in the early years of this century, numerous financial crises and economic depressions, not as severe as the Depression, have occurred, particularly but not limited to, developing countries. Looking at the Depression and today’s arrangements, will a major global depression be looming? This paper begins with a refresher on the events of the Depression, which is followed by the Friedman and Schwartz hypothesis, criticisms against it, other contributing factors to the Depression, a reconciliation of the theories and finally ends with an assessment of the possibility of a return of the Depression in the 21st century based on today’s economic, financial, political, social, and technological considerations.
The Japanese Production System and Its International Transferability
Authors: Kumon Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

The Japanese production system has an ethnic or national basis. There are considered to be three production components of the system-shop-floor-centred work organization, waste-free production control, and participative management in the context of cooperative labour relations. For each of these, it is possible to set up a Japanese-type'. The author is conducting research into the overseas operations of Japanese subsidiaries in automobile assembly. Japanese multinational enterprises presumably try to apply the system to their overseas operations to take advantage of its strengths; however, given that they have moved into a foreign country, presumably Japanese enterprises have to adapt to the management environment of the local area. This research investigates the following questions: (i) Does this 'application' and 'adaptation' result in a dilemma? (ii) What is actually being applied and what has not been possible to apply? (iii) How well is the balance between 'application' and 'adaptation' being achieved? According to surveys of Japanese manufacturing plants in North America, Asia, and Europe, the application of the system is possible. Of course this does not mean that it can be applied 100%. The pattern of application varies according to the management strategy of the Japanese enterprises.
Intentions to Reciprocate Vendor Gifts Amongst Malaysian Purchasing Executives
Authors: Wafa Syed Azizi , Jantan Muhamad , Kim Eng Jennifer Chow 
Published: August 2020

Business gift giving is a universal standard of conduct for most business organizations and industries (Beltramini 1992; Brenner and Molander 1977). Organizations use gifts as means to show appreciation for past business and to influence the attitudes and behaviours of a select, prestigious group of buyers in anticipation of future business (Meredith and Fried, 1977). Vendor gifts may serve as effective means of influencing customers or prospects. This research studied the effect of types of gift (personal or corpo- rate gifts), cast of gift (expensive or inexpensive), and buyer-vendor relationship status (no relationship, moderate or strong) in relation to the buyers' (purchasing executives') feelings of indebtedness, per- ceived manipulations and intentions to reciprocate vendor's gifts. A total of 143 purchasing executives were .sampled for the study. Similar to those of Dorch and Kelly( 1994), scenarios that incorporate the various combinations of the variables of interest were used to gauge reciprocating tendencies. The results show that the type of gift received, the extent to which the buyer experiences a sense of indebtedness, and the buyers' perceptions of the level of manipulation associated with the gift does significantly affect the buyers' intentions to recipro-cate. The research also indicates that gift type and cost with respect to buyer-vendor relationship status do not influence the level of perceived manipulation of the buyers.
Buoyancy Estimates of Malaysia's Tax System 1961 – 1998
Authors: Kasipillai Jeyapalan , Mohd. Mustafa Muszafarshah 
Published: August 2020

Several criteria are used to determine a 'good tax system' and they include administrative feasibility, ensuring burden of tax is spread fairly among taxpayers and tax buoyancy. Tax buoyancy measures the responsiveness of tax revenue to income growth. Previous studies have assumed a constant buoyancy estimate for the period under study and hence applied a double-log tax model (Mansfield, 1972; Choudhry, 1975; Byrne, 1983). In practice, however, tax buoyancies may change over time due to inflation, changing tax bases, improved tax administration and stricter enforcement of tax law by revenue authorities. This study uses the Box-Cox tax model which allows the determination of inter-temporal tax buoyancies for the period 1961-1998. The results obtained revealed a steady decline in buoyancy estimates of less than one for both direct and indirect taxes implying inefficiencies in the tax system. Suggestions are made to revamp the current tax system by integrating existing indirect taxes such as sales and service tax into a single broad-based consumption tax.
A Survey of Malaysian Experience in TQM
Authors: Yahya Salleh , Mohd. Salleh Lailawati , Keat Goh Wee 
Published: August 2020

This study documents the experience of Malaysian firms in the implementation of TQM. Issues being explored and documented are years required to fully implement TQM, benefits of TQM, the different kinds of TQM training conducted, and reasons for not adopting TQM. This paper also shows that adoption of TQM leads to improvement in organizational performance, and that the involvement of employees and senior executives is important to support TQM execution, irrespective of a firm' s paid-up capital and years of operation.
Strategic Application Portfolio in SMEs*
Authors: Md. Dahalin Zulkhairi 
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the state of a small and medium enterprise's (SME) information needs in terms of its strategic application portfolio. Specifically, it examines the strategic information requirements of a manufacturing SME with the aim of understanding the application strategy needed to formulate the firm's IT adoption so that lessons could he learnt from such technology innovation. A case study approach was chosen in which information requirements of the firm were investigated. Analysis was done to examine the evidence of potential applications strategic to the .firm 's business mission, goals and functional requirements. Major deliverables include an enterprise-wide data model representing a high-level overview of the firm's information requirements, a business area classification, and portfolios of applications categorized according to strategic, operational, potential and support using the classical McFarlan and McKenney Strategic Importance Matrix.
Job Motivation and Performance of Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Shaari Abd. Shukor , Yaakub Noran Fauziah , Awang Hashim Rosna 
Published: August 2020

Performance can be regarded as almost any behavior, which is directed toward task or goal accomplishment. Despite extensive research, discussion and debate on how to predict employees' performance, teachers performance is complex and remains difficult to predict and evaluate. Teachers are still uncertain whether they can rely on some specific characteristics of performance. In view of this practice and in evaluating teachers 'performance at the work place, it is therefore the interest of the researcher to conduct a study on secondary school teachers, so as to determine their job motivation and job performance. The second objective of this study is to compare job motivation with job performance and the third one is to compare teaching performance with job performance of secondary school teachers. This correlation study involved a total of 245 secondary school teachers throughout Kedah. Data will be analyzed using the t-test and ANOVA.
A Study of Performance of the KLSE Syariah Index
Authors: Ahmad Zamri , Ibrahim Haslindar 
Published: August 2020

This study compares the performance of the Syariah Index (SI) and the Composite Index (CI) of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) during the period April 1 999 to January 2002, Both the raw and risk-adjusted returns were calculated for the indices for the whole and two sub-periods. Results based on the raw returns revealed that generally, the KLSE SI and CI recorded the same level of returns. Tests using performance measures of Adjusted Sharpe Index, Treynor Index and Adjusted Jensen Alpha revealed that there were also no significant difference in the (risk-adjusted) performance of both indices. We therefore conclude that Syariah-approved stocks were not more favourable than the other stocks in the KLSE.
Innovative Technologies for Industrial Wastes
Authors: Chik Abdul Razak , Jusoh Juzhar 
Published: August 2020

This article is intended to provide several case studies of successful waste management of a few selected industries in their attempts to become “environmental-conscious” firms. In particular, this article examines the innovative waste-reduction and waste reuse processes undertaken by certain firms in the following industries - asphalt cement and concrete, ferrous metals, Portland cement and concrete, and some other that on the face of it somewhat isolated innovative technologies. For each case, the driver, the waste management technology or processes involved, as well as the associated economic benefits of the adjustments was highlighted. It is hoped that the findings of this article will provide the motivation or continue to motivate engineers and scientists to further explore processes that will help towards better management of industrial wastes.
Leader - Member Exchange and Superior-Subordinate Communication Behavior: A Case of a Malaysian Organization
Authors: Abu Bakar Hassan , Mohamad Bahtiar , Herman Iran 
Published: August 2020

This paper attempts to test the quality of relationship between superiors and subordinates as indicated in leader-member exchange (LMX) theory on superior communication behavior: The results of this study indicate that there are no significance differences between out-group and in-group members. However when in-group members were compared to mid-group members the result reveals significance differences between these two groups.
A Study on Store Image Attributes and Loyalty Behaviour
Authors: Perumal Selvan 
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the relationship between store image and store loyalty behaviour for supermarket stores. The study also determines the major attributes in the store image dimensions. The research survey involved a field study using the questionnaire survey method. A total of 204 customers of three supermarkets provided the input for this study. The survey identified five major components of store image attributes, namely, store convenience, conducive atmosphere, value price, employee service and product assortments. The findings of this study revealed a positive relationship between store image attributes and store loyalty behaviour. Analysis of the demographic variables indicated that there is no significant difference among the age groups, genders and income levels for store loyalty behaviour. There are however, some significant differences in store loyalty behaviour among respondents who are married and those with higher education, suggesting that store managers should focus on the needs of these groups.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF COURTS IN ENSURING COMPLIANCE WITH THE CONSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPEACHMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors: Sani Abdulahi , Md. Ismail Che Thalbi , A. Rahman Aspalela 
Published: August 2020

The constitution confers on the legislative arm of government impeachment power and prescribes when and how it should be exercised. Disputes arising from the exercise of this power are submitted to the courts for adjudication in line with their inherent powers. The issue of compliance with these constitutional requirements is a cause for concern as most of the impeachment proceedings conducted so far in Nigeria had been challenged in court for noncompliance. The question is, could this role played by the Nigerian courts ensure compliance? The objective of this paper is, therefore, to determine whether the courts could ensure compliance with the constitutional requirement for impeachment. In order to achieve the objective of this paper, doctrinal methodology is used whereby relevant materials were analyzed and conclusion made. The result showed that the role played by the courts cannot ensure compliance with the constitutional requirements because the courts only intervene after the conclusion of the exercise due to disrespect to court orders from the legislature. This is largely due to lack of specific role conferred on the courts in impeachment proceedings. It is, therefore, recommended that the constitution be amended to vest on the Supreme Court the specific role of ensuring that all the constitutional requirements for impeachment have been duly complied with before a public officer is removed.
SHAREHOLDER PARTICIPATION IN ANNUAL GENERAL MEETINGS UNDER NIGERIAN CORPORATE LAW: PHILOSOPHY, PRACTICE AND THE ROLE OF SHAREHOLDER ASSOCIATIONS
Authors: Magaji Shamsuddeen , Yaacob Nurli , Mohamed Yusoff Zuryati 
Published: August 2020

Shareholders and board of directors in an annual general meeting (AGM) are the two organs of a company. Shareholders are legally empowered to participate in the AGM to meet directors and know about the performance of the company. Despite various philosophies (theories) and legal provisions on shareholder participation in AGMs, shareholders are still facing some challenges. Moreover, available literature in this area is limited in Nigeria. Therefore, this study seeks to examine various philosophies (theories), the law, cases and opinions of experts on shareholder participation, practices and the role of shareholder associations in protecting the rights of shareholders. The study adopted two methods of data collection. The first method was doctrinal legal research (library based) which mainly concerned statutory provisions under the Companies and Allied Matters Act 1990 (CAMA) and decisions of the court. The second method of data collection consisted of qualitative interviews with seventeen respondents regarding the theories, practices and role of shareholder associations in protecting the rights of shareholder participation in AGMs. The findings showed that shareholder participation can be supported by various theories including corporate personality theory; agency theory; contract theory; shareholder primacy; and corporate governance. The finding equally indicated that shareholders in Nigeria received notices of AGMs late, due to postal inefficiency and lack of recognition of ICT under the CAMA. Similarly, both regulators and shareholder associations have not done enough to protect shareholders and to improve their participation in AGMs. In view of this, there is a need for proactive measures to improve the participation of shareholders in AGMs. This is by amending the CAMA to incorporate provisions that will facilitate the effective service of notices of AGMs. Similarly, shareholder associations and regulators must take the responsibility of enlightening shareholders on their right of participation as well as how to enforce their rights in AGMs.
The Impact Of International Terrorism On The Right To Personal Security In Iraq After 2003
Authors: Amin Ayub Zainal , Masum Ahmad , Salman Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

Hardly a day passes by without news of a terrorist bombing, kidnapping, or assassination somewhere in the world especially in Iraq. Terrorism has become a cancer and it is not in the interest of the nations, because it takes away their right to personal security. Following the event of September 11, there have been violations of international conventions and usages, human rights, which prompted countries globally to come up with laws to protect civil freedoms. In the context of Iraq, the Government came up with the Iraqi Anti-Terrorism Act No.13 of 2005 and the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 to address the issue of terrorism. The aim of this paper is to address the impact of international terrorism on the right to personal security in Iraq after 2003. The methodology adopted in this paper is a doctrinal legal research, focusing namely on primary and secondary data. This paper concludes that international terrorism has indeed affected the Iraqis right to personal security after 2003. Hence, there is a need to protect this fundamental right by re-looking into the Iraqi Anti-Terrorism Act No.13 of 2005. For instance, under the Act there is no clear definition of the terms “terrorism” and “terrorist act”. This has led to serious problems in the enforcement of the Iraqi Anti-Terrorism Act No. 13 of 2005 such as the abuse of the right to personal security where innocent Iraqis are deprived to enjoy this fundamental right at the disguise of fighting terrorism by the state, which is not even clearly defined under the Act. Key words: International terrorism, Iraqi Constitution of 2005, Iraqi Anti-Terrorism Act No.13 of 2005, right to personal security.
Domestic Violence Court: A New Model To Combat Domestic Violence Against Women In Malaysia
Authors: Mahdzir Nazli , Rahman Aspalella A , Abdul Rahim Asmar , Md Ismail Che Thalbi 
Published: August 2020

Domestic violence is a social epidemic in Malaysia. To combat this, the Domestic Violence Act 1994 and the Domestic Violence (Amendment) Act 2012 has set up a mechanism via the Malaysian criminal justice system to investigate reports, prosecute the perpetrators and protect the victims of domestic violence. Unfortunately, the mechanism has been viewed with disfavor by many. This paper attempts to critically appraise the effectiveness of the mechanism and subsequently propose an alternative method to better deal with domestic violence cases. Applying a descriptive and analytical approach in data analysis, the paper concluded that the mechanism currently being implemented in dealing with domestic violence cases is ineffective and ineffectual. Therefore a specialized court (instead of the current criminal court) which deals specifically with domestic violence is suggested. Keywords: Domestic violence; women; domestic violence court