bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Tian Ding-Yuan , Wang Jun , Sun Bin-Lu , Wang Zhen , Xu Wei , Chen Yang , Shen Ying-Ying , Li Hui-Yun , Chen Dong-Wan , Zhou Fa-Ying , Yi Xu , Zeng Gui-Hua , Xu Zhi-Qiang , Chen Li-Yong , Yu Jin-Tai , Wang Yan-Jiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population.

Methods:
We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal (CN) subjects in a case-control study, as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline (non-AD) in a cross-sectional study. Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Associations of FFQ scores with cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed.

Results:
In the case-control study, spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs (4.0 [4.0–8.0] vs. 8.0 [4.5–10.0], P < 0.001); FFQ scores were positively associated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores in the total sample (r = 0.218, P = 0.014). In the cross-sectional study, the association between spicy food consumption and cognition levels was verified in non-AD subjects (r = 0.264, P = 0.0023). Moreover, higher FFQ scores were significantly associated with higher β-Amyloid (1–42) (Aβ42) levels and lower phospho-tau/Aβ42 and total tau/Aβ42 ratios in the CSF of non-AD subjects (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Spicy food consumption is closely related to higher cognition levels and reversed AD biomarkers in the CSF, suggesting that a capsaicin-rich diet might have the potential to modify the cognitive status and cerebral pathologies associated with AD.
IVF and the exogenous progesterone-free luteal phase
Authors: Kol Shahar , Humaidan Peter 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
In a conventional IVF cycle, final oocyte maturation and ovulation is triggered with a bolus of hCG, followed by progesterone-based luteal support that spans several weeks if pregnancy is achieved. This article summarizes several approaches of the exogenous progesterone-free luteal support in IVF.

Recent findings
Triggering ovulation with GnRH agonist may serve as an alternative to hCG, with well established advantages. In addition, the luteal phase can be individualized in order to achieve a more physiologic hormonal milieu, and a more patient friendly treatment, alleviating the burden of a lengthy exogenous progesterone therapy.

Summary
GnRH agonist trigger followed by a ‘freeze all’ policy is undoubtedly the best approach towards the ‘OHSS-free clinic’. If fresh embryo transfer is considered well tolerated after GnRH agonist trigger, rescue of the corpora lutea by LH activity supplementation is mandatory. Herein we discuss the different approaches of corpus luteum rescue.
Antithrombotic therapy after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: current perspective
Authors: Eckstein Janine , Liu Shuangbo , Toleva Olga , Yanagawa Bobby , Verma Subodh , Cheema Asim N. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has expanded as a treatment option for severe aortic stenosis throughout the surgical risk spectrum. Decreasing procedural risk and inclusion of lower risk population has shifted the focus to optimization of postprocedural management and balancing the thrombotic and bleeding complications. In this review, we outline various patient and procedure related factors affecting choice of antithrombotic therapy post TAVR and provide an update of recent development in this area.

Recent findings
Multiple studies have confirmed the high incidence of both ischemic and bleeding complications in the early to midterm post-TAVR. In addition, new data has emerged for the role of high resolution computed tomography to detect decreased leaflet mobility and leaflet micro thrombi associated with implications for bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and cerebrovascular events post TAVR. Randomized clinical trials have reported increased bleeding with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and oral anticoagulation (OAC) plus antiplatelet therapy. These findings suggest that aspirin monotherapy or OAC monotherapy likely provides the appropriate balance for antithrombotic protection and risk of bleeding.

Summary
Majority of patients undergoing TAVR have multiple comorbidities and are at increased risk of ischemic and bleeding complications. In the absence of robust clinical evidence, there is significant variability among guideline recommendations and antithrombotic therapy post TAVR across institutions. The available evidence confirms a high rate of bleeding with more potent and prolonged antithrombotic regimens without a documented benefit for clinical endpoints. The authors favor a conservative anti thrombotic approach and suggest monotherapy with aspirin or systemic anticoagulation based upon an individual's risk of thromboembolic complications. DAPT is reserved for patients with recent stenting and OAC plus aspirin is prescribed for patients with established CAD in the post TAVR setting.
Combined transcatheter mitral and tricuspid edge-to-edge repair: expanding the horizons of interventional heart failure
Authors: Ong Geraldine , Fam Neil P. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
The combination of mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation is common in patients with multiple valvular disease and patient management can be challenging. Surgical combined mitral and tricuspid valve surgery is a treatment option for patients meeting criteria but has demonstrated inconsistent long-term benefits.

Recent findings
Transcatheter mitral and tricuspid edge-to-edge repair has demonstrated early promising results in patients with a prohibitive surgical risk, making it an interesting treatment option. The present review will discuss the physiopathology of this complex disease and contemporary data regarding treatment options for the treatment of combined mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.

Summary
Combined transcatheter mitral and tricuspid edge-to-edge repair is a novel treatment option for patients with multiple valvular disease. Further studies are needed to determine optimal patient selection and timing of intervention and demonstrate survival benefit and improvement in clinical outcomes. Advances in technology, with dedicated devices and enhanced imaging techniques may also improve patient outcomes.
Limited reliability of heart rate as a sympathetic marker in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dell’Oro Raffaella , Quarti-Trevano Fosca , Seravalle Gino , Bertoli Silvio , Lovati Chiara , Mancia Giuseppe , Grassi Guido 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by a pronounced sympathetic overactivity as documented by the marked increase in muscle sympathetic nerve traffic (MSNA) and in plasma norepinephrine reported in this condition. Whether and to what extent in CKD heart rate (HR) reflects the adrenergic overdrive remains undefined. It is also undefined the relative validity of the different adrenergic markers in reflecting renal dysfunction.

Materials and methods:
In 82 CKD patients, aged 58.4 ± 1.1 years (mean ± SEM), we measured resting clinic blood pressure, HR (EKG), venous NE (HPLC) and MSNA (microneurography). The same measurements were made in 24 age-matched healthy controls.

Results:
HR was significantly greater in CKD than in controls (74.0 ± 1.1 versus 68.2 ± 1.8 bpm, P < 0.02) and significantly directly related to the elevated plasma norepinephrine and MSNA values (r = 0.22 and 0.39, P < 0.05 and <0.0003, respectively). Both MSNA and plasma norepinephrine were significantly and inversely related to the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The correlation did not achieve statistical significance for HR. Similar results were obtained examining the relationships with left ventricular mass index.

Conclusion:
Our data show that in CKD not only peripheral but also cardiac sympathetic drive is markedly enhanced and HR can be regarded as a marker of the adrenergic overdrive characterizing this condition. The reliability of HR as sympathetic marker appears to be limited, however, this variable being unable to closely reflect, at variance from MSNA and plasma norepinephrine, the interindividual differences in renal dysfunction and the accompanying structural cardiovascular alterations.
Surgical Observations From the First 120 Cases of Subretinal Gene Therapy for Inherited Retinal Diseases
Authors: Gregori Ninel Z. , Davis Janet L. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To report surgical observations formulated during the first 120 cases of subretinal gene therapy in patients with inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs).

Methods:
A two-surgeon team compiled surgical observations and formulated surgical pearls based on the consecutive cases of subretinal viral vector injection in patients enrolled in clinical trials focusing on choroideremia, achromatopsia, and RP GTPase regulator associated retinitis pigmentosa, as well as patients with retinal pigment epithelium-specific-65-kDa (RPE65) associated Leber congenital amaurosis receiving Food and Drug Administration-approved voretigene neparvovec-rzyl therapy.

Results:
One hundred twenty subretinal surgeries were performed by a two-surgeon team. Key anatomical features pertinent to surgical management were noted and are described in this article. Surgical decision making for successful subretinal administration of viral vectors and management of potential surgical challenges were formulated.

Conclusion:
Lessons learned during subretinal gene therapy cases may be helpful to other surgeons entering clinical trials or performing postapproval gene therapy administration. Surgical pearls outlined in this article may also be helpful for other targeted subretinal therapies, such as cellular transplantation or retinal prosthesis implantation.
ASSESSING REFRACTIVE OUTCOMES AND ACCURACY OF BIOMETRY IN PHACOVITRECTOMY AND SEQUENTIAL OPERATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RETINAL DETACHMENT COMPARED WITH ROUTINE CATARACT SURGERY
Authors: Moussa George , Sachdev Amun , Mohite Abhijit A. , Hero Mark , Ch'ng Soon Wai , Andreatta Walter 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To compare refractive outcomes and accuracy of modern optical biometry, swept-source optical coherence tomography, ultrasound biometry, and effect of the macula status in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment managed with either combined phacovitrectomy or sequential vitrectomy and cataract surgery compared with a control, phacoemulsification alone.

Methods:
Retrospective, comparative, consecutive study of 154 eyes; Group 1 underwent phacovitrectomy (n: 70), Group 2 underwent vitrectomy with subsequent cataract surgery (n: 41), and Group 3 underwent cataract surgery alone (n: 43).

Results:
No difference in the mean absolute error was found between Group 2 (0.41 ± 0.56) and Group 3 (0.41 ± 0.29); both were superior to Group 1 (0.74 ± 0.57). Between Group 1 and Group 2, no statistically significant difference in the mean absolute error was found between macula-on subgroups (P = 0.057), but this was statistically significant between macula-off subgroups (P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis by biometry showed that the difference in the mean absolute error between macula-off optical biometry Group 1 and Group 2 against our control, Group 3, were not significant (P = 0.078 and P = 0.119, respectively); the mean absolute error was significantly different when considering macula-off ultrasound biometry cases (P < 0.001 and P = 0.038, respectively).

Conclusion:
All three groups had comparable refractive outcomes when using optical biometry. However, phacovitrectomy macula-off cases had inferior refractive outcomes when the ultrasound biometry had to be used. In macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, when optical biometry is not reliable, it is preferable to perform sequential surgery rather than phacovitrectomy.
Fluorescent bovine serum albumin-silver nanoclusters loaded with paclitaxel can traverse the blood-brain barrier to inhibit the migration of glioma
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu Yu , Zhang Yini , Xie Weichang , Yang Yalan , Hu Kaigeng , Xin Hongbo , Hu Ping , Ai Fanrong 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Glioma is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Here, we aimed to establish a nano-drug carrier system to traverse the blood-brain barrier for the treatment and inhibition of glioma migration.

Methods:
The synthesis of bovine serum albumin protected-silver nanoclusters (BSA-AgNCs) was performed using chemical reduction. The drug paclitaxel (PTX) can be loaded into BSA-AgNCs through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions to formulate spherical BSA-AgNC-PTX nanoparticles (BSA-AgNC-PTX NPs). A glioma mouse model was established by injecting U251-GFP-Luc cells into the mouse striatum, and all surgical procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanchang University (SYXK2019-0003) on December 29, 2019.

Results:
The BSA-AgNC-PTX NPs were able to efficiently pass through the blood-brain barrier, both in vitro and in vivo, to deliver the drug to the tumor site. The in vivo assessment of BSA-AgNC-PTX NPs in glioblastoma multiforme-bearing mice revealed the significant inhibition of tumor growth and migration, prolonging the survival of the mice.

Conclusion:
These results indicated that BSA-AgNCs might represent an ideal nanocarrier for the treatment of glioma and has the potential to be used in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system diseases.
Lanthanide-semiconductor probes for precise imaging-guided phototherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yanxing , Lü Weidong , Dai Ruiyi , Lin Bi , Lv Ruichan 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Immunotherapy is an effective tumor treatment strategy. However, its long treatment cycle limits its wide application across all cancer types. In this study, we optimized upconversion nanoparticles and manganese composite particles with a porous structure as a nanoplatform for synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), and subsequent longer-term immunotherapy.

Methods:
The morphology, phase, and stability were first characterized to evaluate the biocompatibility of this material. The upconversion and near infrared II luminescence properties of the material and its stimuli-response effect were assessed from the absorbance and photoluminescence spectra. Phototherapy including PDT and PTT was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, and immunotherapy was used to enhance the phototherapy. This study was approved by the Xi’an Jiaotong University, China (approval No. XJTULAC2020-585) on April 2, 2020.

Results:
The nanoplatform showed good PDT and PTT effects with high upconversion luminescence, and exhibited a more sensitive glutathione response (detection limit: 55 μg/mL) using fluorescence recovery than that based on absorbance recovery, with the detection range extending up to 1.2 mg/mL. When the surface of the composite particles was modified with an anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, it targeted A549 lung cancer cells. The resulting immune response enhanced the long-term anti-tumor effect of the therapy, especially in lung cancer patients with high PD-L1 expression.

Conclusion:
The designed composite can be simultaneously used to detect the glutathione concentration based on luminescence recovery in the tumor cells and as a theranostic nanoplatform for synergistic immuno-phototherapy when combined with an antibody.
Manufacturing Workers Have a Higher Incidence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Battista Eric B. , Yedulla Nikhil R. , Koolmees Dylan S. , Montgomery Zachary A. , Ravi Karthik , Day Charles S. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
It is unclear whether clerical or labor-type work is more associated with risk for developing work-related carpal tunnel syndrome (WrCTS).

Methods:
National employment, demographic, and injury data were examined from the Bureau of Labor Statistics databases for the years 2003 to 2018. Injuries for clerical and labor industries were compared using linear regression, two-group t test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis.

Results:
WrCTS injuries are decreasing over time (B = –1002.62, P < 0.001). The labor industry demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of WrCTS when compared with the clerical industries (P < 0.001). Within labor industries, the manufacturing industry had the highest incidence of WrCTS over time (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our study showed WrCTS injuries have declined over time. Additionally, our findings may suggest that the labor industry has a stronger association with WrCTS than the clerical industry.
Personal Protective Equipment in COVID-19
Authors: Duan Xiaoqin , Sun Hongzhi , He Yuxuan , Yang Junling , Li Xinming , Taparia Kritika , Zheng Bin 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To assess impact of personal protective equipment (PPE) on healthcare providers (HCPs) in caring for COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted over 50 hospitals in China. Descriptive analyses and Chi-square tests were performed on the collected data.

Results:
All 104 frontline HCPs report negative impacts of PPE on their clinical performance, 97% of them experienced discomfort and injuries caused by wearing PPE for long hours. Frontline HCPs provided suggestions to alleviate the negative impacts and to enhance communication between healthcare staff and patients. Two hundred eighty two non-frontline HCPs also revealed similar problems; however, we recorded a few discrepancies between answers given by frontline and non-frontline HCPs.

Conclusions:
Wearing PPE for long hours degrades health performance. Measures were suggested to improve the design of PPE for protecting HCPs and enhancing their services to COVID patients.
Creatinine variation improves Zwolle score in selecting low-risk patients after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Rodrigues Brás Diogo , Gomes António , Semedo Pedro , Santos Ana Rita , Cordeiro Piçarra Bruno , Carrington Mafalda , Pais João , Rocha Ana Rita , Congo Kisa , Neves David , Bento Ângela , Fernandes Renato , Trinca Manuel , Patrício Lino 
Published: December 2020

Background
The Zwolle score is recommended to identify ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with low-risk eligible for early discharge. Our aim was to ascertain if creatinine variation (Δ-sCr) would improve Zwolle score in the decision-making of early discharge after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and results
A total of 3296 patients with STEMI that underwent primary PCI were gathered from the Portuguese Registry on Acute Coronary Syndromes. A Modified-Zwolle score, including Δ-sCr, was created and compared with the original Zwolle score. Δ-sCr was also compared between low (Zwolle score ≤3) and non-low-risk patients (Zwolle score >3). The primary endpoint is 30-day mortality and the secondary endpoints are in-hospital mortality and complications. Thirty-day mortality was 1.5% in low-risk patients (35 patients) and 9.2% in non-low-risk patients (92 patients). The Modified-Zwolle score had a better performance than the original Zwolle score in all endpoints: 30-day mortality (area under curve 0.853 versus 0.810, P < 0.001), in-hospital mortality (0.889 versus 0.845, P < 0.001) and complications (0.728 versus 0.719, P = 0.037). Reclassification of patients lead to a net reclassification improvement of 6.8%. Additionally, both original Zwolle score low-risk patients and non-low-risk patients who had a Δ-sCr ≥0.3 mg/dl had higher 30-day mortality (low-risk: 1% versus 6.6%, P < 0.001; non-low-risk 4.4% versus 20.7%, P < 0.001), in-hospital mortality and complications.

Conclusion
Δ-sCr enhanced the performance of Zwolle score and was associated with higher 30-day mortality, in-hospital mortality and complications in low and non-low-risk patients. This data may assist the selection of low-risk patients who will safely benefit from early discharge after STEMI.
Dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence: from screening to management
Authors: Yeung Elizabeth , Daniels Stephen R. , Patel Sonali S. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To summarize types of dyslipidemia frequently encountered during childhood and adolescence, with a focus on screening, diagnosis, and management.

Recent findings
It is important that screening for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) begin in childhood. Genetic testing allows for increased awareness of dyslipidemia and more targeted intervention. Pharmacologic treatment of pediatric dyslipidemias has a good safety profile and can reduce adult ASCVD risk.

Summary
Much of what is known about pediatric dyslipidemia has been extrapolated from adult data, but recently, there have been increasing investigations within the pediatric population to better guide diagnosis and management of these disorders.
Use of cardiovascular imaging in risk restratification of the diabetic patient
Authors: Bellinge Jamie W. , Lee Sing Ching , Schultz Carl J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk equivalent, but the optimal methods of risk stratification are a matter of debate. The coronary calcium score (CCS) is a measure of the burden of atherosclerosis and is widely used for CVD risk stratification in the general population. We review recently published data to describe the role of the CCS in people with diabetes mellitus.

Recent findings
People with diabetes mellitus have 10-year event rates for CVD and CVD mortality that are considered high, at a much lower level of CCS than the general population. Different categories of CCS are pertinent to men and women with diabetes mellitus. CCS may be particularly useful in clinical settings when CVD risk is known to be increased but difficult to quantify, for example peri-menopausal women, young persons with diabetes, type 1 diabetic individuals and others. With modern techniques, the radiation dose of a CSS has fallen to levels wherein screening and surveillance could be considered.

Summary
The CCS is able to quantify CVD risk in people with diabetes mellitus when there is clinical uncertainty and identifies those with very high event rates. Future research should aim to identify effective risk reduction strategies in this important group.