bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease risk factors among school children of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Islam T M Manjurul , Banik Palash Chandra , Barua Lingkan , Shariful Islam Sheikh Mohammed , Chowdhury Shahanaz , Ahmed M S A Mansur 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePrimarily, we assessed the distribution of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among school children living in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. In addition to this, we sought the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors among them.Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 854 school children (aged 12–18 years) of Bangladesh. Ten public high schools (five from Dhaka and five from Sirajgonj district) were selected randomly and subjects from those were recruited conveniently. To link the family milieu of CVD risk factors, a parent of each children was also interviewed.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDistribution of CVD risk factors was measured using descriptive statistics as appropriate. Again, a saturated model of binary logistic regression was used to seek the association between place of residence and modifiable CVD risk factors.ResultsMean age of the school children was 14.6±1.1 years and more than half (57.6%) were boys. Overall, 4.4% were currently smoker (urban—3.5%, rural—5.2%) with a strong family history of smoking (42.2%). Similar proportion of school children were identified as overweight (total 9.8%, urban 14.7%, rural 5%) and obese (total 9.8%, urban 16.8%, rural 2.8%) with notable urban-rural difference. More than three-fourth (80%) of them were physically inactive with no urban-rural variation. Only 2.4% consumed recommended fruits and/ or vegetables (urban—3.1%, rural—1.7%). In the adjusted model, place of residence had higher odds for having several modifiable CVD risk factors: current smoking (OR: 1.807, CI 0.872 to 3.744), inadequate fruits and vegetables intake (OR: 1.094, CI 0.631 to 1.895), physical inactivity (OR: 1.082, CI 0.751 to 1.558), overweight (OR: 3.812, CI 2.245 to 6.470) and obesity (OR: 7.449, CI 3.947 to 14.057).ConclusionsBoth urban and rural school children of Bangladesh had poor CVD risk factors profile that demands further nation-wide large scale study to clarify the current findings more precisely.
Women’s health inThe BMJ: a data science history
Authors: Hamulyák Eva N , Brockmeier Austin J , Killas Johanna D , Ananiadou Sophia , Middeldorp Saskia , Leroi Armand M 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine how the representation of women’s health has changed in clinical studies over the course of 70 years.DesignObservational study of 71 866 research articles published between 1948 and 2018 inThe BMJ.Main outcome measuresThe incidence of women-specific health topics over time. General linear, additive and segmented regression models were used to estimate trends.ResultsOver 70 years, the overall odds that a word in aBMJresearch article was ‘woman’ or ‘women’ increased by an annual factor of 1.023, but this rate of increase varied by clinical specialty with some showing little or no change. The odds that an article was about some aspect of women-specific health increased much more slowly, by an annual factor of 1.004. The incidence of articles about particular areas of women-specific medicine such as pregnancy did not show a general increase, but rather fluctuated over time. The incidence of articles making any mention of women, gender or sex declined between 1948 and 2005, after which it rose steeply so that by 2018 few papers made no mention of them at all.ConclusionsOver time women have become ever more prominent inBMJresearch articles. However, the importance of women-specific health topics has waxed and waned as researchers responded ephemerally to medical advances, public health programmes, and sociolegal changes. The appointment of a woman editor-inchief in 2005 may have had a dramatic effect on whether women were mentioned in research articles.
IMAGINE Network’s Mind And Gut Interactions Cohort (MAGIC) Study: a protocol for a prospective observational multicentre cohort study in inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Moayyedi Paul , MacQueen Glenda , Bernstein Charles N , Vanner Stephen , Bercik Premysl , Madsen Karen L , Surette Michael , Rioux John D , Dieleman Levinus A , Verdú Elena , de Souza Russell J , Otley Anthony , Targownik Laura , Lavis John , Cunningham Jennifer , Marshall Deborah A , Zelinsky Sandra , Fernandes Aida 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionGut microbiome and diet may be important in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and comorbid psychiatric conditions, but the mechanisms are unclear. We will create a large cohort of patients with IBS, IBD and healthy controls, and follow them over time, collecting dietary and mental health information and biological samples, to assess their gastrointestinal (GI) and psychological symptoms in association with their diet, gut microbiome and metabolome.Methods and analysisThis 5-year observational prospective cohort study is recruiting 8000 participants from 15 Canadian centres. Persons with IBS who are 13 years of age and older or IBD ≥5 years will be recruited. Healthy controls will be recruited from the general public and from friends or relatives of those with IBD or IBS who do not have GI symptoms. Participants answer surveys and provide blood, urine and stool samples annually. Surveys assess disease activity, quality of life, physical pain, lifestyle factors, psychological status and diet. The main outcomes evaluated will be the association between the diet, inflammatory, genetic, microbiome and metabolomic profiles in those with IBD and IBS compared with healthy controls using multivariate logistic regression. We will also compare these profiles in those with active versus quiescent disease and those with and without psychological comorbidity.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been obtained from the institutional review boards of all centres taking part in the study. We will develop evidence-based knowledge translation initiatives for patients, clinicians and policymakers to disseminate results to relevant stakeholders.Trial registration number:NCT03131414
Understanding and responding to COVID-19 in Wales: protocol for a privacy-protecting data platform for enhanced epidemiology and evaluation of interventions
Authors: Lyons Jane , Akbari Ashley , Torabi Fatemeh , Davies Gareth I , North Laura , Griffiths Rowena , Bailey Rowena , Hollinghurst Joseph , Fry Richard , Turner Samantha L , Thompson Daniel , Rafferty James , Mizen Amy , Orton Chris , Thompson Simon , Au-Yeung Lee , Cross Lynsey , Gravenor Mike B , Brophy Sinead , Lucini Biagio , John Ann , Szakmany Tamas , Davies Jan , Davies Chris , Thomas Daniel Rh , Williams Christopher , Emmerson Chris , Cottrell Simon , Connor Thomas R , Taylor Chris , Pugh Richard J , Diggle Peter , John Gareth , Scourfield Simon , Hunt Joe , Cunningham Anne M , Helliwell Kathryn , Lyons Ronan 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionThe emergence of the novel respiratory SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent COVID-19 pandemic have required rapid assimilation of population-level data to understand and control the spread of infection in the general and vulnerable populations. Rapid analyses are needed to inform policy development and target interventions to at-risk groups to prevent serious health outcomes. We aim to provide an accessible research platform to determine demographic, socioeconomic and clinical risk factors for infection, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, to measure the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare utilisation and long-term health, and to enable the evaluation of natural experiments of policy interventions.Methods and analysisTwo privacy-protecting population-level cohorts have been created and derived from multisourced demographic and healthcare data. The C20 cohort consists of 3.2 million people in Wales on the 1 January 2020 with follow-up until 31 May 2020. The complete cohort dataset will be updated monthly with some individual datasets available daily. The C16 cohort consists of 3 million people in Wales on the 1 January 2016 with follow-up to 31 December 2019. C16 is designed as a counterfactual cohort to provide contextual comparative population data on disease, health service utilisation and mortality. Study outcomes will: (a) characterise the epidemiology of COVID-19, (b) assess socioeconomic and demographic influences on infection and outcomes, (c) measure the impact of COVID-19 on short -term and longer-term population outcomes and (d) undertake studies on the transmission and spatial spread of infection.Ethics and disseminationThe Secure Anonymised Information Linkage-independent Information Governance Review Panel has approved this study. The study findings will be presented to policy groups, public meetings, national and international conferences, and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Cognitive–behavioural therapy combined with music therapy for chronic fatigue following Epstein-Barr virus infection in adolescents: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Malik Sadaf , Asprusten Tarjei Tørre , Pedersen Maria , Mangersnes Julie , Trondalen Gro , van Roy Betty , Skovlund Eva , Wyller Vegard Bruun 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in chronic fatigue (CF) syndrome. However, CBT has not been investigated in postinfectious CF, nor is it known whether addition of therapeutic elements from other disciplines might be useful. We explored combined CBT and music therapy intervention for CF following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in adolescents.MethodsAdolescents (12–20 years old) participating in a postinfectious cohort study who developed CF 6 months after an acute EBV infection were eligible for the present study. A combined CBT and music therapy programme (10 therapy sessions and related homework) was compared with care as usual in a randomised controlled design. Therapists and participants were blinded to outcome evaluation. Endpoints included physical activity (steps/day), symptom scores, recovery rate and possible harmful effects, but the study was underpowered regarding efficacy. Total follow-up time was 15 months. Power analyses suggested that 120 participants would be needed in order to detect a moderate effect size.ResultsA total of 91 individuals with postinfectious CF were eligible, and a total of 43 were included (21 intervention group, 22 control group). Concern regarding school absence due to therapy sessions was the main reason for declining participation. Seven individuals left the study during the first 3 months, leaving 15 in the intervention group and 21 in the control group at 3 months follow-up. No harmful effects were recorded, and compliance with appointment was high. In intention-to-treat analyses, the primary endpoint (number of steps/day) did not differ significantly between the intervention group and the control group (difference (95% CI) =–1298 (–4874 to 2278)). Secondary outcome measures were also not significantly different among the two groups.ConclusionAn intervention study of combined CBT and music therapy in postinfectious CF is feasible. A fully powered trial is needed to evaluate efficacy; participants’ concern regarding school absence should be properly addressed to secure recruitment.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials ID:NCT02499302, registered July 2015.
FXR in the dorsal vagal complex is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats
Authors: Zhang Song-Yang , Li Rosa J W , Lim Yu-Mi , Batchuluun Battsetseg , Liu Huiying , Waise T M Zaved , Lam Tony K T 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveConjugated bile acids are metabolised by upper small intestinal microbiota, and serum levels of taurine-conjugated bile acids are elevated and correlated with insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes. However, whether changes in taurine-conjugated bile acids are necessary for small intestinal microbiome to alter insulin action remain unknown.DesignWe evaluated circulating and specifically brain insulin action using the pancreatic-euglycaemic clamps in high-fat (HF) versus chow fed rats with or without upper small intestinal healthy microbiome transplant. Chemical and molecular gain/loss-of-function experiments targeting specific taurine-conjugated bile acid-induced changes of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the brain were performed in parallel.ResultsWe found that short-term HF feeding increased the levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA, an FXR ligand) in the upper small intestine, ileum, plasma and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of the brain. Transplantation of upper small intestinal healthy microbiome into the upper small intestine of HF rats not only reversed the rise of TCDCA in all reported tissues but also enhanced the ability of either circulating hyperinsulinaemia or DVC insulin action to lower glucose production. Further, DVC infusion of TCDCA or FXR agonist negated the enhancement of insulin action, while genetic knockdown or chemical inhibition of FXR in the DVC of HF rats reversed insulin resistance.ConclusionOur findings indicate that FXR in the DVC is sufficient and necessary for upper small intestinal microbiome-mediated changes of TCDCA to alter insulin action in rats, and highlight a previously unappreciated TCDCA-FXR axis linking gut microbiome and host insulin action.
Enjoyment of life predicts reduced type 2 diabetes incidence over 12 years of follow-up: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Panagi Laura , Hackett Ruth A , Steptoe Andrew , Poole Lydia 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundSubjective well-being appears to be associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unknown whether this association is similar across different types of well-being. We examined the relationship between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being and incident T2D, and explored the role of sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical factors in these associations.MethodsWe used data from 4134 diabetes-free participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (mean age =64.97). Enjoyment of life and purpose in life were assessed using items from the CASP-19 to reflect hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, respectively. Participants reported T2D diagnosis over 12 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and also explored the percentage of association explained by different covariates.ResultsResults revealed a protective role for enjoyment of life in T2D rate adjusting for sociodemographic (age, sex, wealth, ethnicity, marital status), behavioural (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index) and clinical (hypertension, coronary heart disease and glycated haemoglobin) characteristics (HR =0.93, p=0.021, 95% CI (0.87, 0.99)). Sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical factors accounted for 27%, 27% and 18% of the association, respectively. The relationship between purpose in life and T2D was non-significant (adjusted HR =0.92, p=0.288, 95% CI (0.78, 1.08)).ConclusionThis study illustrates how the link between subjective well-being and T2D varies between well-being components. It also demonstrates that sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical factors partially explain this association. Intervention studies examining whether changes in enjoyment of life can help delay T2D onset are warranted.
Biomarkers in functional movement disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Thomsen Birgitte Liang Chen , Teodoro Tiago , Edwards Mark J 
Published: October 2020

Functional movement disorders (FMD) are proposed to reflect a specific problem with voluntary control of movement, despite normal intent to move and an intact neural capacity for movement. In many cases, a positive diagnosis of FMD can be established on clinical grounds. However, the diagnosis remains challenging in certain scenarios, and there is a need for predictors of treatment response and long-term prognosis.
In this context, we performed a systematic review of biomarkers in FMD. Eighty-six studies met our predefined criteria and were included.
We found fairly reliable electroencephalography and electromyography-based diagnostic biomarkers for functional myoclonus and tremor. Promising biomarkers have also been described for functional paresis, gait and balance disorders. In contrast, there is still a lack of diagnostic biomarkers of functional dystonia and tics, where clinical diagnosis is often also more challenging. Importantly, many promising findings focus on pathophysiology and reflect group-level comparisons, but cannot differentiate on an individual basis. Some biomarkers also require access to time-consuming and resource-consuming techniques such as functional MRI.
In conclusion, there are important gaps in diagnostic biomarkers in FMD in the areas of most clinical uncertainty. There is also is a lack of treatment response and prognostic biomarkers to aid in the selection of patients who would benefit from rehabilitation and other forms of treatment.
Study on sleep-wake disorders in patients with genetic and non-genetic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sun Xiaohan , Zhao Ximeng , Liu Qing , Liu Shuangwu , Zhang Kang , Wang Zhi-li , Yang Xunzhe , Shang Liang , Huang Yan , Cui Liying , Zhang Xue 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo study the frequency and clinical features of sleep disturbances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and compare sleep disorders between ALS with and without mutations.MethodsIn this case–control study, 204 ALS patients and 206 controls were included. We evaluated sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was diagnosed according to Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Other characteristics, including rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, restless legs syndrome (RLS), cognitive and psychological impairments, were also evaluated. All ALS patients underwent whole exome sequencing analysis to screen for ALS mutations and were divided into genetic ALS and non-genetic ALS subgroups based on the genetic testing results.ResultsA total of 114 men and 90 women ALS patients, with a mean onset age of 53.5±9.9 years, were included in this study. There were 21 mutations detected, contributing to 46.6% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) and 7.4% of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). The PQSI and ESS scores were higher in ALS patients than in controls (PSQI 6.0 (3.0,10.0) vs 3.5 (2.0,5.0) (p<0.01); ESS 6.0 (3.0,10.0) vs 4.0 (3.0,8.0) (p<0.01), respectively). RLS was more frequent in ALS patients than in controls (p<0.01). Genetic ALS patients were more likely to show EDS than non-genetic ALS patients (adjusted OR 5.2, p<0.01). Genetic ALS scored lower on Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale, and higher on PSQI and ESS than non-genetic ALS (p<0.01).ConclusionsIn the current study, ALS patients with mutations were more likely to have sleep-wake disturbances than were those without mutations. The former group may benefit more from sleep management.
Hospital-acquired serum phosphate derangements and their associated in-hospital mortality
Authors: Thongprayoon Charat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Chewcharat Api , Petnak Tananchai , Mao Michael A , Srivali Narat , Bathini Tarun , Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Qureshi Fawad , Kashani Kianoush 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to report the incidence of hospital-acquired hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia along with their associated in-hospital mortality.MethodsWe included 15 869 adult patients hospitalised at a tertiary medical referral centre from January 2009 to December 2013, who had normal serum phosphate levels at admission and at least two serum phosphate measurements during their hospitalisation. The normal range of serum phosphate was defined as 2.5–4.2 mg/dL. In-hospital serum phosphate levels were categorised based on the occurrence of hospital-acquired hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia. We analysed the association of hospital-acquired hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia with in-hospital mortality using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsFifty-three per cent (n=8464) of the patients developed new serum phosphate derangements during their hospitalisation. The incidence of hospital-acquired hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia was 35% and 27%, respectively. Hospital-acquired hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia were associated with odds ratio (OR) of 1.56 and 2.60 for in-hospital mortality, respectively (p value&lt;0.001 for both). Compared with patients with persistently normal in-hospital phosphate levels, patients with hospital-acquired hypophosphataemia only (OR 1.64), hospital-acquired hyperphosphataemia only (OR 2.74) and both hospital-acquired hypophosphataemia and hyperphosphataemia (ie, phosphate fluctuations; OR 4.00) were significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality (all p values &lt;0.001).ConclusionHospital-acquired serum phosphate derangements affect approximately half of the hospitalised patients and are associated with increased in-hospital mortality rate.
Strong decays of $${\bar{D}}^{*}K^{*}$$ molecules and the newly observed $$X_{0,1}$$ states
Authors: Huang Yin , Lu Jun-Xu , Xie Ju-Jun , Geng Li-Sheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLately, the LHCb Collaboration reported the discovery of two new states in the $$B^+\rightarrow D^+D^- K^+$$

B
+

→

D
+

D
-

K
+

decay, i.e., $$X_0(2866)$$

X
0

(
2866
)

and $$X_1(2904)$$

X
1

(
2904
)

. In the present work, we study whether these states can be understood as $${\bar{D}}^*K^*$$

D

¯

∗

K
∗

molecules from the perspective of their two-body strong decays into $$D^-K^+$$

D
-

K
+

via triangle diagrams and three-body decays into $${\bar{D}}^*K\pi $$

D

¯

∗

K
π

. The coupling of the two states to $${\bar{D}}^*K^*$$

D

¯

∗

K
∗

are determined from the Weinberg compositeness condition, while the other relevant couplings are well known. The obtained strong decay width for the $$X_0(2866)$$

X
0

(
2866
)

state, in marginal agreement with the experimental value within the uncertainty of the model, hints at a large $${\bar{D}}^*K^*$$

D

¯

∗

K
∗

component in its wave function. On the other hand, the strong decay width for the $$X_1(2904)$$

X
1

(
2904
)

state, much smaller than its experimental counterpart, effectively rules out its assignment as a $${\bar{D}}^*K^*$$

D

¯

∗

K
∗

molecule.
A generalized interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy model and its thermodynamic implications
Authors: Mamon Abdulla Al , Ziaie Amir Hadi , Bamba Kazuharu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present paper deals with a theoretical model for interacting Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) whose infrared cut-off scale is set by the Hubble length. The interaction Q between the dark sectors (dark energy and pressureless dark matter) of the universe has been assumed to be non-gravitational in nature. The functional form of Q is chosen in such a way that it reproduces well known and most used interactions as special cases. We then study the nature of the THDE density parameter, the equation of state parameter, the deceleration parameter and the jerk parameter for this interacting THDE model. Our study shows that the universe exhibits the usual thermal history, namely the successive sequence of radiation, dark matter and dark energy epochs, before resulting in a complete dark energy domination in the far future. It is shown the evolution of the Hubble parameter for our model and compared that with the latest Hubble parameter data. Finally, we also investigate both the stability and thermodynamic nature of this model in the present context.