bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of seabed properties from Scholte waves acquired on floating ice on shallow water
Authors: Johansen Tor Arne , Ruud Bent Ole 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSeismic surveying of the coastal areas in the Arctic is best facilitated during wintertime when the sea ice is land‐fast. This eases the logistics of the operation and assures that there is no damage made to the vulnerable tundra. Seismic experiments on floating ice on shallow water performed in a fjord in Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic show prominent Scholte waves. The dispersion relation of Scholte waves can provide the shear wave velocities of the seabed sediments. Scholte wave data can potentially be obtained when the seismic source and geophone receivers are both placed on top of the floating ice. However, the Scholte wave data become more distinct by using an air gun lowered some metres below the ice. A rock physics model based on a two‐step differential effective medium scheme has been tuned to predict seismic properties found for very loose sediments, among these very high P‐wave to S‐wave velocity ratios. The rock physics model enables us to convert seismic velocities obtained from Scholte wave data to quantitative estimates of the sediment composition.
Montmorillonite‐lecithin‐heparin/PDMS films with enhanced mechanical and antithrombogenic properties
Authors: Meng Na , Zhang Ming , Ge Man Qing , Zhou Ninglin , Chi Cheng , Chu Xiaohong , Sun Baohong , Gao Xiaojun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study developed a polymer/layered silicate film as blood‐contacting devices. First, the lecithin‐heparin (LEC‐HEP) was used to modify pristine montmorillonite (MMT). LEC‐HEP was successfully exchanged in the MMT. The organically modified MMT was used for the synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/MMT‐LEC‐HEP films by intercalation solution technique. The morphological, structural of the prepared film were evaluated using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. LEC‐HEP‐MMT concentration of 0.5 wt% in PDMS systems enhanced mechanical properties. The hemocompatibility of PDMS/LEC‐HEP‐MMT films was evaluated by hemolysis assay, dynamic coagulation time, and plasma recalcification time (PRT). PDMS/0.5 wt% LEC‐HEP‐MMT films also exhibited higher blood anticoagulant indexes, longer the PRT and lower hemolysis rate than the corresponding PDMS film.
Changes in emergency department visits for zolpidem‐attributed adverse drug reactions after FDA Drug Safety Communications
Authors: Geller Andrew I. , Zhou Esther H. , Budnitz Daniel S. , Lovegrove Maribeth C. , Dal Pan Gerald J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo identify possible changes in the U.S. emergency department (ED) visits from zolpidem‐attributed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after 2013 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Drug Safety Communications (DSCs), which notified the public about FDA's new dosing recommendations for zolpidem.MethodsWe estimated the occurrence of ED visits from zolpidem‐attributed ADRs using nationally representative, public health surveillance of medication harms (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System‐Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project, 2010‐2017). We estimated the number of zolpidem prescriptions using IQVIA National Prescription Audit, 2010‐2017. We calculated rates of ED visits for zolpidem‐attributed ADRs per 10 000 dispensed zolpidem prescriptions and identified time trends and potential inflection points using the joinpoint regression. For comparison, we repeated these analyses for sedating antidepressants commonly used to treat disordered sleep (trazodone, doxepin, and mirtazapine).ResultsThe best‐fit regression model for rates of ED visits for zolpidem‐attributed ADRs by 6‐month intervals identified a single inflection point in the second half of 2014 (P = .024) with a 6.7% biannual decrease from 2010 to 2014 ([−13.1%, 0.3%], P = .059) and a 13.9% biannual increase from the second half of 2014 through 2017 ([−1.1%, 31.3%], P = .068). No change or inflection points were identified for rates of ED visits for sedating antidepressant‐attributed ADRs.ConclusionsWhile there was a nominal decline in the rate of ED visits for ADRs in the time period before and for 18 months after FDA's 2013 zolpidem DSCs, the decrease was not sustained, and thus questions remain concerning the long‐term impact of the zolpidem DSCs on ADRs.
Synthesis of crosslinked PEG/IL blend membrane via one‐pot thiol–ene/epoxy chemistry
Authors: Deng Jing , Dai Zhongde , Deng Liyuan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based membranes have obtained considerable attentions for CO2 separation for their promising CO2 separation performance and excellent thermal/chemical resistance. In this work, a one‐pot thiol–ene/epoxy reaction was used to prepare crosslinked PEG‐based and PEG/ionic liquids (ILs) blend membranes. Four ILs of the same cation [Bmim]+ with different anions ([BF4]−, [PF6]−, [NTf2]−, and [TCM]−) were chosen as the additives. The chemical structure, thermal properties, hydrophilicity, and permeation performance of the resultant membranes were investigated to study the ILs' effects. An increment in CO2 permeability (~34%) was obtained by optimizing monomer ratios and thus crosslinking network structures. Adding ILs into optimized PEG matrix shows distinct influences in CO2 separation performance depending on the anions' types, due to the different CO2 affinities and compatibilities with PEG matrix. Among these ILs, [Bmim][NTf2] was found the most effective in enhancing CO2 transport by simultaneously increasing the solubility and diffusivity of CO2. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 2575‐2585
A comparison between high‐flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation in the management of infants and young children with acute bronchiolitis in the PICU
Authors: Habra Basel , Janahi Ibrahim A. , Dauleh Hajer , Chandra Prem , Veten Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferent modalities of noninvasive respiratory support have been recommended for the management of acute bronchiolitis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is among the new modalities that have been widely used in the last decade.MethodsThis is a retrospective study involving infants and young children between the ages of 1 month and 2 years during the respiratory season of 2016‐2017 (October‐May). We compared the failure rate of HFNC with the failure rates of bi‐level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) vs continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the management of acute bronchiolitis in the PICU. Failure was defined as a change to another respiratory support modality or endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐seven patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 77 patients needed HFNC, 10 needed CPAP, and 50 were on BiPAP. Among baseline characteristics, there were significant variations in age among the three groups. HFNC had a higher failure rate compared with the other two noninvasive ventilation modalities (50.6% for HFNC [n = 39 out of 77] vs 0% for CPAP [n = 0 out of 10] vs 8% for BiPAP [n = 4 out of 50], P < .01). Among the 39 patients who failed HFNC, 90% were successfully shifted to BiPAP and weaned off later, whereas the other 4 were intubated and required mechanical ventilation. However, all four patients who failed BiPAP were intubated and mechanically ventilated. No respiratory complications or mortalities were reported in the three groups. No differences were observed among the three groups in terms of the lengths of PICU or hospital stays.ConclusionsWe observed a higher failure rate of HFNC compared with BiPAP or CPAP in the management of infants and children with acute bronchiolitis in the PICU. Further prospective randomized trials are recommended to confirm this finding.
Household Forecasts for the Planning of Long‐Term Domestic Water Demand: Application to London and the Thames Valley
Authors: Rees Philip , Clark Stephen , Nawaz Rizwan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMethods for forecasting households in London and the Thames Valley were developed for input to forecasts of domestic water consumption. Households were forecast by ethnicity, size and property type. South Asian‐headed households consumed more water (per capita) than average. Forecast populations for 60 Local Authorities were extracted from a UK‐wide forecast and aggregated to six Water Resource Zones (WRZs). Household populations by age, sex and ethnicity were multiplied by trended headship rates to forecast households. Households were classified by size and property type using census microdata. Water demand was generated using modelled consumption rates, based on policy interventions. Between 2011 and 2101, the region will experience 85% growth in populations and 113% in households. The household growth will vary across WRZs between 54% and 126%. Water demand in London and the Thames Valley is forecast to grow by 90%, 69% and 46% under status quo, moderate and extreme conservation scenarios. The future growth in water demand under all scenarios poses a huge challenge for the region, already under water stress.
Cytokines in the grass, a lesson learnt: Measuring cytokines in plasma using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry
Authors: Mendoza‐Porras Omar , Pires Pedro R.L. , Goswami Hareshwar , Meirelles Flavio V. , Colgrave Michelle L. , Wijffels Gene 
Published: January 2020

RationaleCytokines are cell regulatory molecules of high importance as indicators for homeostasis and pathology in many species. The current method to measure cytokines in body fluids is reagent dependent, requiring highly specific paired antibodies.MethodsA liquid chromatography/multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC/MRM‐MS)‐based approach was developed to simultaneously establish the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) for recombinant cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IFNγ and TNFα as pure standards and in bovine sera. All experimental LC/MRM‐MS data are available at CSIRO Data Access Portal repository under identifier doi.org/10.25919/5de8a0232a862.ResultsThe present method enabled LODs and LOQs as low as 1.05 and 1.12 fmol/μL in the experiment comprised of pure standards. Comparable results were obtained in the experiment where digested cytokines were mixed with pre‐digested sera proteins. The intrinsic matrix effects were evident when intact cytokines were co‐digested within undiluted and undigested sera decreasing the ability to detect and quantify cytokines by 10,000‐fold compared with pure standards and pre‐digested sera.ConclusionsThe developed LC/MRM‐MS method provided insights into the difficulties in detecting the target peptides when embedded in complex matrices. Nonetheless, the method may potentially be readily applied in biomarker‐focused research interrogating fluids of lesser complexity such as synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and tissue culture media.
Exposures to structural racism and racial discrimination among pregnant and early post‐partum Black women living in Oakland, California
Authors: Chambers Brittany D. , Arabia Silvia E. , Arega Helen A. , Altman Molly R. , Berkowitz Rachel , Feuer Sky K. , Franck Linda S. , Gomez Anu M. , Kober Kord , Pacheco‐Werner Tania , Paynter Randi A. , Prather Aric A. , Spellen Solaire A. , Stanley Darcy , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. , McLemore Monica R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch supports that exposure to stressors (e.g., perceived stress and racism) during pregnancy can negatively impact the immune system, which may lead to infection and ultimately increases the risk for having a preterm or low‐birthweight infant. It is well known that Black women report higher levels of stressors at multiple timepoints across pregnancy compared with women of all other racial and ethnic groups. This study addresses gaps in the literature by describing pregnant and early post‐partum Black women's exposures to structural racism and self‐reported experiences of racial discrimination, and the extent to which these factors are related. We used a cross‐sectional study design to collect data related to exposures to racism from pregnant and early post‐partum Black women residing in Oakland, California, from January 2016 to December 2017. Comparative analysis revealed that living in highly deprived race + income neighborhoods was associated with experiencing racial discrimination in three or more situational domains (p = .01). Findings show that Black women are exposed to high levels of racism that may have negative impacts on maternal health outcomes.
Si and Ge‐Based Anode Materials for Li‐, Na‐, and K‐Ion Batteries: A Perspective from Structure to Electrochemical Mechanism
Authors: Loaiza Laura C. , Monconduit Laure , Seznec Vincent 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSilicon and germanium are among the most promising candidates as anodes for Li‐ion batteries, meanwhile their potential application in sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries is emerging. The access of their entire potential requires a comprehensive understanding of their electrochemical mechanism. This Review highlights the processes taking place during the alloying reaction of Si and Ge with the alkali ions. Several associated challenges, including the volumetric expansion, particle pulverization, and uncontrolled formation of solid electrolyte interphase layer must be surmounted and different strategies, such as nanostructures and electrode formulation, have been implemented. Additionally, a new approach based on the use of layered Si and Ge‐based Zintl phases is presented. The versatility of this new family permits the tuning of their physical and chemical properties for specific applications. For batteries in particular, the layered structure buffers the volume expansion and exhibits an enhanced electronic conductivity, allowing high power applications.
Platform stabilization and load reduction of floating offshore wind turbines with tension‐leg platform using dynamic vibration absorbers
Authors: Wu Zhongyou , Li Yaoyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFloating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) are subject to significant increases in structural loads due to the platform motion under turbulent wind and wave. The under‐actuation challenge in FOWT control demands for development of extra actuators for platform stabilization. For FOWT with tension‐leg platform (TLP), this paper presents a comprehensive study on design and control simulation for realizing active mooring line control via the deployment of vertically operated dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) at the spokes of TLP structure. The DVA is designed based on the suppression of the primary modes of platform pitch and roll motion. In addition to the enhancement of FAST‐based simulation module, an 11 degrees‐of‐freedom (DOFs) control‐oriented model is derived for the TLP‐FOWT‐DVA system. Based on the control‐oriented model, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed. Simulations are performed for 9 m/s and 18 m/s turbulent winds with different wind and wave directions. The wind turbine performance, platform motions, and structural fatigue loads are evaluated. The results show that the platform motion and tower loads in the lateral direction are significantly reduced, while the tower load in the fore‐aft direction can be moderately reduced. Also, significant reduction in the mooring line tension loads is observed. For achieving the performance in platform motion stabilization and load reduction, the average power consumption of the DVA actuators is less than 0.27% of the wind turbine power generated during the simulated periods. The figures of merits promise significant potential for the feasibility of DVA based control for TLP‐FOWT.
Particularities and commonalities of singular spectrum analysis as a method of time series analysis and signal processing
Authors: Golyandina Nina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSingular spectrum analysis (SSA), starting from the second half of the 20th century, has been a rapidly developing method of time series analysis. Since it can be called principal component analysis (PCA) for time series, SSA will definitely be a standard method in time series analysis and signal processing in the future. Moreover, the problems solved by SSA are considerably wider than that for PCA. In particular, the problems of frequency estimation, forecasting and missing values imputation can be solved within the framework of SSA. The idea of SSA came from different scientific communities, such as that of researchers in time series analysis (Karhunen–Loève decomposition), signal processing (low‐rank approximation and frequency estimation) and multivariate data analysis (PCA). Also, depending on the area of applications, different viewpoints on the same algorithms, choice of parameters, and methodology as a whole are considered. Thus, the aim of the paper is to describe and compare different viewpoints on SSA and its modifications and extensions to give people from different scientific communities the possibility to be aware of potentially new aspects of the method.This article is categorized under:
Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Alternative splicing programming of axon formation
Authors: Zheng Sika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlternative pre‐mRNA splicing generates multiple mRNA isoforms of different structures and functions from a single gene. While the prevalence of alternative splicing control is widely recognized, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms have long been studied, the physiological relevance and biological necessity for alternative splicing are only slowly being revealed. Significant inroads have been made in the brain, where alternative splicing regulation is particularly pervasive and conserved. Various aspects of brain development and function (from neurogenesis, neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, to the homeostasis of neuronal activity) involve alternative splicing regulation. Recent studies have begun to interrogate the possible role of alternative splicing in axon formation, a neuron‐exclusive morphological and functional characteristic. We discuss how alternative splicing plays an instructive role in each step of axon formation. Converging genetic, molecular, and cellular evidence from studies of multiple alternative splicing regulators in different systems shows that a biological process as complicated and unique as axon formation requires highly coordinated and specific alternative splicing events.This article is categorized under:RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative SplicingRNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Transverse parton distribution and fragmentation functions at NNLO: the gluon case
Authors: Luo Ming-Xing , Yang Tong-Zhi , Zhu Hua Xing , Zhu Yu Jiao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We calculate in this paper the perturbative gluon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) and fragmentation functions (TMDFFs) using the exponential regulator for rapidity divergences. We obtain results for both unpolarized and linearly polarized distributions through next-to-next-to leading order in strong coupling constant, and through $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(ϵ2) in dimensional regulator. We find a nontrivial momentum conservation sum rule for the linearly polarized component for both TMDPDFs and TMDFFs in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super-Yang-Mills theory. The TMDFFs are used to calculate the two-loop gluon jet function for the energy-energy correlator in Higgs gluonic decay in the back-to-back limit.
Comparative analysis of wobble milling, helical milling and conventional drilling of CFRPs
Authors: Pereszlai Csongor , Geier Norbert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDue to its excellent specific mechanical properties, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite is a widely used structural material in the aerospace industry. However, this material is difficult to cut, mainly due to its inhomogeneity and anisotropic features and because of the strong wear effects of its carbon fibres. In the scope of aerospace industrial uses of this material, thousands of holes have to be machined for purposes of assembly. Nevertheless, conventional drilling technology – even if special drilling tools are used – is only moderately able to manufacture good quality holes. Wobble milling is a novel advanced hole-making technology, which has been developed to minimize machining-induced geometrical defects like delamination or uncut fibres. The main objective of the present paper is to compare wobble milling, helical milling and conventional drilling technologies concerning unidirectional CFRPs. In addition, the kinematics of wobble milling technology is discussed in detail. In the scope of this paper, numerous machining experiments were conducted in unidirectional CFRPs: herein the impact of the type of cutting tool and of process parameters on the quality of machined holes are analysed and discussed (diameter of holes, circularity error and characteristics of uncut fibres). During these investigations, experimental data were evaluated with the help of digital image processing (DIP) and with the help of analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. Experimental results show that the amount of uncut fibres can significantly be minimized through the application of wobble milling technology.
Predicting Intestinal Ischaemia in Patients with Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: A Simple Score
Authors: Bouassida Mahdi , Laamiri Ghazi , Zribi Slim , Slama Helmi , Mroua Bassem , Sassi Selim , Aboudi Rania , Mighri Mohamed Mongi , Bouzeidi Khaled , Touinsi Hassen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/aimsIntestinal ischaemia (II) is the most critical factor to determine in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) because intestinal ischaemia could be reversible. The aim of this study was to create a clinicoradiological score to predict II in patients with ASBO.
MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study including 124 patients with ASBO. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictive factors of II. We assigned points for the score according to the regression coefficient. The area under the curve (AUC) was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsSix independent predictive factors of II were identified: age, pain duration, body temperature, WBC, reduced wall enhancement and segmental mesenteric fluid at CT scan. According to the regression, coefficient points were assigned to each of the variables associated with II. The estimated rates of II were calculated for the total scores ranging from 0 to 24. The AUC of this clinicoradiological score was 0.92. A cut‐off score of 6 was used for the low‐probability group (the risk of II was 1.13%). A score ranging from 7 to 15 defined intermediate‐probability group (the risk of II was 44%). A score ≥16 defined high‐probability group (100% of patients in this group had II).ConclusionsWe performed a score to predict the risk of intestinal II with a good accuracy (the AUC of our score exceeded 0.90). This score is reliable and reproducible, so it can help surgeon to prioritize patients with II for surgery because ischaemia could be reversible, avoiding thus intestinal necrosis.