bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secretory phospholipase A2-X (Pla2g10) is a novel progesterone receptor target gene exclusively induced in uterine luminal epithelium for uterine receptivity in mice
Authors: Park Hee Kyoung , Park So Hee , Lee Miji , Kim Gyeong Ryeong , Park Mira , Yang Seung Chel , Kim Yeon Sun , Kim Hye-Ryun , Song Haengseok 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Aberration of estrogen (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) signaling pathways affects expression of their target genes, which may lead to failure of embryo implantation and following pregnancy. Although many target genes of progesterone receptors (PRs) have been identified in uterine stroma, only a few PR targets have been reported in the epithelium. Secretory phospholipase A2-(PLA2)-X, a member of the PLA2 family that releases arachidonic acids for the synthesis of prostaglandins that are important for embryo implantation, is dysregulated in the endometrium of patients suffering from repeated implantation failure. However, it is not clear whether sPLA2-X is directly regulated by ovarian steroid hormones for embryo implantation in the uterus.
Result
P4 induced the Pla2g10 encoding of secretory PLA2-X in the apical region of uterine LE of ovariectomized mice via PR in both time- and dose-dependent manners, whereas E2 significantly inhibited it. This finding is consistent with the higher expression of Pla2g10 at the diestrus stage, when P4 is elevated during the estrous cycle, and at P4-treated delayed implantation. The level of Pla2g10 on day 4 of pregnancy (Day 4) was dramatically decreased on Day 5, when PRs are absent in the LE. Luciferase assays of mutagenesis in uterine epithelial cells demonstrated that four putative PR response elements in a Pla2g10 promoter region are transcriptionally active for Pla2g10. Intrauterine delivery of small interfering RNA for Pla2g10 on Day 3 significantly reduced the number of implantation sites, reinforcing the critical function(s) of Pla2g10 for uterine receptivity in mice.
Conclusions
Pla2g10 is a novel PR target gene whose expression is exclusively localized in the apical region of the uterine LE for uterine receptivity for embryo implantation in mice.
Management of early breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Cavalcante Francisco Pimentel , Novita Guilherme Garcia , Millen Eduardo Camargo , Zerwes Felipe Pereira , de Oliveira Vilmar Marques , Sousa Ana Luiza Lima , Junior Ruffo Freitas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted early breast cancer (EBC) treatment worldwide. This study analyzed how Brazilian breast specialists are managing EBC. Methods: An electronic survey was conducted with members of the Brazilian Society of Breast Specialists between April 30 and May 11, 2020. Bivariate analysis was used to describe changes in how specialists managed EBC at the beginning and during the pandemic, according to molecular subtype and oncoplastic surgery. Results: The response rate was 34.4% (503/1,462 specialists). At the beginning of the pandemic, 43% changed their management approach. As the outbreak progressed, this proportion increased to 69.8% (p<0.001). For hormone receptor-positive tumors with the best prognosis (Ki67<20%), 47.9% and 17.7% of specialists would recommend neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal and premenopausal women, respectively. For tumors with poorer prognosis (Ki67>30%), 34% and 10.9% would recommend it for postmenopausal and premenopausal women, respectively. Menopausal status significantly affected whether the specialists changed their approach (p<0.00001). For tumors ≥1.0 cm, 42.9% of respondents would recommend neoadjuvant systemic therapy for triple-negative tumors and 39.6% for HER2+ tumors. Overall, 63.4% would recommend immediate total breast reconstruction, while only 3.4% would recommend autologous reconstruction. In breast-conserving surgery, 75% would recommend partial breast reconstruction; however, 54.1% would contraindicate mammoplasty. Furthermore, 84.9% of respondents would not recommend prophylactic mastectomy in cases of BRCA mutation.Conclusions: Important changes occurred in EBC treatment, particularly for hormone receptor-positive tumors, as the outbreak progressed in each region. Systematic monitoring could assure appropriate breast cancer treatment, mitigating the impact of the pandemic.
Most patients with COPD are unaware of their health threats and are not diagnosed: national-level study using pulmonary function test
Authors: PARK MYUNGBAE , Lee Ji-ho , Lee Jinhee 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: There is public health risk due to COPD underdiagnosis. To decrease the rate of underdiagnosed COPD and to plan strategies for efficient screening for disease management, we investigated the national-level prevalence of COPD by airflow obstruction.Methods: We performed pulmonary function test (PFT) in 24,454 adults aged >40 years, based on 8 years (2010-2017) of data. FEV1/FVC ratio of <0.70 was defined as COPD. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis by adjusting dependent variable to determine if each factor was related to COPD.Results: The annual COPD prevalence increased from 13.1% in 2010 to 14.6% in 2012 followed by 13.3% in 2017. The proportion of potential high-risk group that was not diagnosed with COPD and other respiratory diseases was 80.8% in 2010 and 78.1% in 2017 ranging between 73.0% and 86.2%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that ever smokers in the COPD diagnosed patient group had a 2.38 times higher rate of diagnosis than never smokers. Furthermore, the group with PY of 4Q had a 2.81 times higher diagnosis rate than that of 1Q. Regarding the potential high-risk group, the ever smokers, current smokers, and heavy smokers had a higher prevalence than never smokers.Conclusion: Although COPD prevalence was high in the ever, current, and heavy smokers, only the diagnosis rate of COPD in ever smokers was 2.38 times higher than never smokers, indicating that smoking is the most important cause of COPD.
Automated computed tomography quantification of fibrosis predicts prognosis in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in a real-world setting-A single-centre, retrospective study
Authors: Nemoto Masahiro , Nei Yuichiro , Bartholmai Brian , Yoshida Kazuki , Matsui Hiroki , Nakashita Tamao , Motojima Shinji , Aoshima Masahiro , Ryu Jay H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a heterogeneous clinico-radiological syndrome without a consensus definition. There are limited data on the relation between the amount of parenchymal fibrosis and prognosis. In this study, we assessed the prognostic implications of the extent of fibrosis assessed by an automated quantitative computed tomography (CT) technique and the radiological and functional change over time in patients with a broad spectrum of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encountered in a real-world setting.Methods: We conducted a single-centre, retrospective study of 228 consecutive patients with CPFE, encountered from 2007 to 2015 at Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan. We investigated the prognostic value of automated CT fibrosis quantification and the subsequent course of CPFE. Results: Among 228 patients with CPFE, 89 had fibrosis affecting <5% of their lungs, 54 had 5 to <10% fibrosis, and 85 had ≥10% fibrosis at the time of diagnosis. Lower volume of fibrosis correlated with lower rates of mortality and acute exacerbation (p<0.001). In particular, among those with <5% fibrosis, only 4.5% died and none experienced acute exacerbation during follow-up, whereas 57.6% and 29.4% of those with ≥10% fibrosis experienced death and acute exacerbation, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard model for CPFE progression (defined by composite criteria of death, acute exacerbation, and decline in forced vital capacity or diffusing capacity) showed fibrosis proportion was a risk factor independent of age, sex, smoking pack-years, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, lung cancer, connective tissue disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Conclusions: Less severe (<5%) fibrosis at baseline was associated with disease stability and better prognosis compared to more severe fibrosis in CPFE occurring with fibrotic ILDs. Further studies including a validation cohort will be needed.Trial Registration: retrospectively registered
Occult Foreign Body Aspirations in Pediatric Patients: 20-years of Experience
Authors: Liu Bo , Ding Fengxia , An Yong , Pan Zhengxia , Wang Gang , Dai Jiangtao , Li Hongbo , Wu Chun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the frequency of occult foreign body aspiration (FBA) and to evaluate the diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic methods for these patients. Methods: Between May 2000 and May 2020, 3557 patients with the diagnosis of FBA were treated in our department. Thirty-five patients with occult FBA were included in this study. A retrospective analysis of medical records was performed. Results: Twenty-three male patients (65.7%) and 12 female patients (34.3%) were hospitalized due to occult FBA. The average age was 3.60 years (range 9 months-12 years). Most of the patients were younger than 3 years old (n=25, 71.4%). Coughing (n=35, 100%) and wheezing (n=18, 51.4%) were the main symptoms and signs. All the patients were found to have a FBA under the fiberoptic bronchoscope. The most common organic foreign bodies were peanuts (n=10) and the most common inorganic foreign bodies were pen caps (n=5). The extraction of foreign bodies under rigid bronchoscopy was applied successfully in 34 patients. Only one patient needed a surgical intervention. Conclusions: Occult FBA should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic or recurrent respiratory diseases that are poorly explained, even in the absence of a previous history of aspiration.
Impact of emphysema on sputum culture conversion in male patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Takasaka Naoki , Seki Yoshitaka , Fujisaki Ikumi , Uchiyama Shota , Matsubayashi Sachi , Sato Akihito , Yamanaka Yumie , Odashima Kyuto , Kazuyori Taisuke , Seki Aya , Takeda Hiroshi , Ishikawa Takeo , Kuwano Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Although cigarette smoking may have a negative impact on the clinical outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), few studies have investigated the impact of smoking-associated lung diseases. Emphysema is a major pathological finding of smoking-related lung damage. We aimed to clarify the effect of emphysema on sputum culture conversion rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).Methods We retrospectively studied 79 male patients with PTB confirmed by acid-fast bacillus smear and culture at Jikei University Daisan Hospital between January 2015 and December 2018. We investigated the sputum culture conversion rates for MTB after starting standard anti-TB treatment in patients with or without emphysema. Emphysema was defined as Goddard score ≥1 based on low attenuation area < -950 Hounsfield Unit (HU) using computed tomography (CT). We also evaluated the effect on PTB-related CT findings prior to anti-TB treatment.Results Mycobacterial median time to culture conversion (TCC) in 39 PTB patients with emphysema was 52.0 days [interquartile range (IQR) 29.0–66.0 days], which was significantly delayed compared with that in 40 patients without emphysema (28.0 days, IQR 14.0–42.0 days) (p<0.001, log-rank test). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the following were associated with delayed TCC: emphysema [hazard ratio (HR): 2.50; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24–5.04; p=0.011), cavities (HR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.22–3.97; p=0.009) and baseline time to TB detection within 2 weeks (HR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.60–5.08; p<0.0001). Cavities were more often identified by CT in PTB patients with than without emphysema (69.2% vs 45.0%; p=0.03).Conclusions This study suggests that emphysema poses an increased risk of delayed TCC in PTB. Emphysema detection by CT might be a useful method for prediction of the duration of PTB treatment required for sputum negative conversion.
Irritable bowel syndrome among Jordanian medical students: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Jadallah Khaled Ali , Khatatbeh Moawiah Mohammad , Sarsak Enas Walid , Sweidan Aroob Nabil , Alzu’bi Baraa F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The literature on the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and its correlates in Middle Eastern countries is scarce. This study aimed at investigating the prevalence of IBS and its associated factors among Jordanian medical students.
Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study at two medical faculties in northern Jordan. Using convenience sampling, we recruited 1094 medical students. Participants completed an anonymous semi-structured questionnaire inquiring about socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics, as well as IBS symptoms. We used the Rome III criteria to diagnose IBS and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to identify anxiety and depression. The chi-square test was used to determine differences between categorical variables and stepwise logistic regression was used to measure the association between IBS and its risk factors.
Results

The prevalence of IBS in our sample was 30.9%. Binary logistic regression analysis of factors associated with IBS indicated having a family history of IBS as a strong predictor of the disease (OR = 8.09; CI: 5.84–11.19). Students at second and third-year levels of their study had ORs of about 4 (CI: 2.20–6.54) and 3 (CI: 1.70–5.30) of suffering from IBS, respectively, as compared to students at first-year level (p = 0.001). Increased anxiety score (OR = 1.88; CI: 1.30–2.71), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.76; CI: 1.13–2.76), female gender (OR = 1.59; CI: 1.14–2.20) and living in a school dormitory (OR = 1.35; CI: 1.00-1.84) were significantly associated with IBS (p < 0.05). Conversely, consumption of junk food, BMI of participants, and physical inactivity were not significantly associated with IBS occurrence.
Conclusions

Irritable bowel syndrome is a highly prevalent disorder in a university-based population in the Jordanian context, with several modifiable and non-modifiable factors being associated with its occurrence. A better understanding of the associated risk factors is crucial for a holistic therapeutic approach. Longitudinal studies are necessary to assess whether this association is causal.
Generation and Starch Characterization of Non-Transgenic BEI and BEIIb Double Mutant Rice (Oryza sativa) with Ultra-high Level of Resistant Starch
Authors: Miura Satoko , Koyama Nana , Crofts Naoko , Hosaka Yuko , Abe Misato , Fujita Naoko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Cereals high in resistant starch (RS) are gaining popularity, as their intake is thought to help manage diabetes and prediabetes. Number of patients suffering from diabetes is also increasing in Asian countries where people consume rice as a staple food, hence generation of practically growable high RS rice line has been anticipated. It is known that suppression of starch branching enzyme (BE) IIb increases RS content in cereals. To further increase RS content and for more practical use, we generated a non-transgenic be1 be2b double mutant rice (Oryza sativa) line, which completely lacked both proteins, by crossing a be1 mutant with a be2b mutant.
Results
The be1 be2b mutant showed a decrease in intermediate amylopectin chains and an increase in long amylopectin chains compared with be2b. The amylose content of be1 be2b mutant (51.7%) was the highest among all pre-existing non-transgenic rice lines. To understand the effects of chewing steamed rice and cooking rice flour on RS content, RS content of mashed and un-mashed steamed rice as well as raw and gelatinized rice flour were measured using be1 be2b and its parent mutant lines. The RS contents of mashed steamed rice and raw rice flour of be1 be2b mutant (28.4% and 35.1%, respectively) were 3-fold higher than those of be2b mutant. Gel-filtration analyses of starch treated with digestive enzymes showed that the RS in be1 be2b mutant was composed of the degradation products of amylose and long amylopectin chains. Seed weight of be1 be2b mutant was approximately 60% of the wild type and rather heavier than that of be2b mutant.
Conclusions
The endosperm starch in be1 be2b double mutant rice were enriched with long amylopectin chains. This led to a great increase in RS content in steamed rice grains and rice flour in be1 be2b compared with be2b single mutant. be1 be2b generated in this study must serve as a good material for an ultra-high RS rice cultivar.
Exploring natural allelic variations of the β-triketone herbicide resistance gene HIS1 for application in indica rice and particularly in two-line hybrid rice
Authors: Lv Qiming , zhang xiuli , yuan dingyang , Huang zhiyuan , peng rui , peng jiming , li zuren , Tang li , liu ducai , zhou xiaomao , wang lifeng , pan lang , shao ye , mao bigang , xin yeyun , zhu lihuang , zhao bingran , Bai Lianyang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Benzobicyclon (BBC) is a β-triketone herbicide (bTH) used in rice paddy fields. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low toxicity, high crop safety, and good environmental compatibility, and shows efficacy against paddy weeds resistant to other types of herbicides. However, because BBC is not safe for some important indica rice varieties, it is currently only registered and applied in japonica rice areas.
Results
In this study, by analyzing haplotypes of the bTHs broad-spectrum resistance gene HIS1 and phenotypes for BBC in 493 major indica rice accessions in China, we identified a novel non-functional allelic variant of HIS1 besides the previously reported 28-bp deletion. Through detection with markers specific to the two non-functional mutations, it was clear that 25.4% of indica conventional varieties, 59.9% of restorers and 15.9% of sterile lines were susceptible to BBC. In addition, due to natural allelic variations of the HIS1 gene in sterile and restorer lines, some two-line hybrid sterile lines were sensitive to bTHs, and the corresponding restorers were resistant. We showed the potential of effectively using bTHs to solve the problem of two-line hybrid rice seed purity due to self-crossing of sterile lines during hybrid rice seed production. Finally, allelic variations of the HIS1 gene may also play an important role in the mechanized seed production of hybrid rice.
Conclusions
Our findings provide guidance for the application of BBC in indica rice areas, and provide a non-transgenic approach to solve the problem of seed purity of two-line hybrid rice.
Proposal of COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score for the management of suspected COVID-19 cases: a case control study
Authors: Nakakubo Sho , Suzuki Masaru , Kamada Keisuke , Yamashita Yu , Nakamura Junichi , Horii Hiroshi , Sato Kazuki , Matsumoto Munehiro , Abe Yuki , Tsuji Kosuke , Ishiguro Nobuhisa , Nasuhara Yasuyuki , Konno Satoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNo clinical scoring system has yet been established to estimate the likelihood of COVID-19 and to determine the suitability of diagnostic testing in suspected COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis was a single-center, retrospective, observational study of patients with suspected COVID-19 and confirmed COVID-19. Patient background, clinical course, laboratory and CT findings, and the presence of alternative diagnoses were evaluated. Clinical risk scores were developed based on clinical differences between patients with and those without COVID-19.ResultsAmong 110 patients suspected of COVID-19, 60.9% underwent PCR testing based on the judgment of physicians. Two patients were found to have COVID-19. The clinical characteristics of 108 non-COVID-19 patients were compared with those of 23 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have a history of high-risk exposures and abnormal sense of taste and smell. Significantly higher rates of subnormal white blood cell count, lower eosinophil count, and lower procalcitonin level were observed in the COVID-19 group than in the non-COVID-19 group. When blood tests, CT findings, and the presence of alternative diagnoses were scored on an 11-point scale, i.e., “COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score”, the COVID-19 group scored significantly higher than the non-COVID-19 group, with more than four points in the COVID-19 group. All non-COVID cases that did not undergo PCR had a score of 4 or less.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 Clinical Risk Score enables risk classification of patients suspected of having COVID-19 and can help in decision-making in clinical practice, including appropriateness of diagnostic testing.
Shotgun Metagenomic Analysis Reveals New Insights into Bacterial Community Profiles in Tempeh
Authors: Yulandi Adi , Suwanto Antonius , Waturangi Diana Elizabeth , Wahyudi Aris Tri 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: Amplicon sequencing targeting 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) has been widely used for the profile analysis of the microbial community from fermented food samples. Previous results of 16S rRNA analysis metagenome showed that Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in tempeh. However, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps on amplicon sequencing analysis and intragenomic heterogeneity within 16S rRNA are believed to contribute to bias in the estimation of microbial community composition. An alternative approach known as shotgun metagenomic might be able to avoid this limitation. In this study, we employed total metagenomic DNA fragments that were sequenced directly for taxonomic dan functional profiling analysis.Results: Taxonomic profiling showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla from the direct shotgun metagenomic analysis in all tempeh samples. In terms of composition, this shotgun metagenomic study revealed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum. Functional profiling showed that iron complex outer-membrane recepter protein (KEGG ID: K02014) was the most transcribed genes based in this metagenomic analysis. The binning pipeline could reveal almost complete whole genome sequence of Lactobacillus fermentum, Enterococcus cecorum, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii.