bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nine Lives Down
Authors: Wrigley Charlotte 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Scottish wildcat conservation is a tricky business, dogged by rampant hybridization, habitat loss, illegal poaching, and, more recently, calls from ecologists to declare the creature functionally extinct. While conservation bodies refuse to declare the fight over, the wildcat’s precarious position raises questions regarding extinction and its place in the wider conservation narrative. In this article the author tackles the possibly futile attempts by conservation bodies to save the Scottish wildcat from the brink of extinction in Britain’s “last wild place”—the Ardnamurchan peninsula in the North West Highlands. Through an analysis of past, present, and future configurations of the wildcat in the popular imagination, and an examination of its status as a “ghost species”—surviving on borrowed time due to anthropogenic intervention—this article aims to conceptualize the wildcat’s conservation as a sort of haunting. Existing as a wild emblem through a concentrated media campaign of inflated presence, it nonetheless remains hidden through hybridization and absence: a spectral being. The article therefore suggests that to truly save the wildcat is to account for its ghostliness and urge that conservationists instead accept the likely absence of wildcats in order to do the painful—but necessary—work of letting go.
Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 clinical trial registrations
Authors: Maguire Brittany J. , McLean Alistair R.D. , Rashan Sumayyah , Antonio Emilia Sitsofe , Bagaria Jayshree , Bentounsi Zineb , Brack Matthew , Caldwell Fiona , Carrara Verena Ilona , Citarella Barbara Wanjiru , Dahal Prabin , Feteh Vitalis Fambombi , H.B. Guérin Marius , Kennon Kalynn , Bilton Lahaut Kathinka , Makuka Gerald Jamberi , Ngu Roland , Obiesie Sopuruchukwu , Richmond Caitlin , Singh-Phulgenda Sauman , Strudwick Samantha , Tyrrell Carina S.B. , Schwinn Austin , King David , Newton Paul N. , Price Ric N. , Merson Laura , Stepniewska Kasia , Guérin Philippe J. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was first reported in December 2019, many independent trials have been planned that aim to answer similar questions. Tools allowing researchers to review studies already underway can facilitate collaboration, cooperation and harmonisation. The Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (IDDO) has undertaken a living systematic review (LSR) to provide an open, accessible and frequently updated resource summarising characteristics of COVID-19 study registrations. Methods: Review of all eligible trial records identified by systematic searches as of 3 April 2020 and initial synthesis of clinical study characteristics were conducted. In partnership with Exaptive, an open access, cloud-based knowledge graph has been created using the results. Results: There were 728 study registrations which met eligibility criteria and were still active. Median (25th, 75th percentile) sample size was 130 (60, 400) for all studies and 134 (70, 300) for RCTs. Eight lower middle and low income countries were represented among the planned recruitment sites. Overall 109 pharmacological interventions or advanced therapy medicinal products covering 23 drug categories were studied. Majority (57%, 62/109) of them were planned only in one study arm, either alone or in combination with other interventions. There were 49 distinct combinations studied with 90% (44/49) of them administered in only one or two study arms. The data and interactive platform are available at https://iddo.cognitive.city/. Conclusions: Baseline review highlighted that the majority of investigations in the first three months of the outbreak were small studies with unique treatment arms, likely to be unpowered to provide solid evidence. The continued work of this LSR will allow a more dependable overview of interventions tested, predict the likely strength of evidence generated, allow fast and informative filtering of relevant trials for specific user groups and provide the rapid guidance needed by investigators and funders to avoid duplication of efforts.
Predictors of musculoskeletal manifestations in paediatric patients presenting with sickle cell disease at a tertiary teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Musowoya Raymond Mpanjilwa , Kaonga Patrick , Bwanga Alick , Chunda-Lyoka Catherine , Lavy Christopher , Munthali James 
Published: June 2020

Aims Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition that presents with a number of clinical manifestations that include musculoskeletal manifestations (MM). MM may present differently in different individuals and settings and the predictors are not well known. Herein, we aimed at determining the predictors of MM in patients with SCD at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Methods An unmatched case-control study was conducted between January and May 2019 in children below the age of 16 years. In all, 57 cases and 114 controls were obtained by systematic sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The different MM were identified, staged, and classified according to the Standard Orthopaedic Classification Systems using radiological and laboratory investigations. The data was entered in Epidata version 3.1 and exported to STATA 15 for analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictors and predictive margins were used to determine the probability of MM. Results The cases were older median age 9.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 7 to 12) years compared to controls 7 (IQR 4 to 11) years; p = 0.003. After multivariate logistic regression, increase in age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 1.45; p = 0.043), increase in the frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52; p = 0.009) and increase in percentage of haemoglobin S (HbS) (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.29; p < 0.001) were significant predictors of MM. Predictive margins showed that for a 16-year-old the average probability of having MM would be 51 percentage points higher than that of a two-year-old. Conclusion Increase in age, frequency of VOC, and an increase in the percentage of HbS were significant predictors of MM. These predictors maybe useful to clinicians in determining children who are at risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:175–181.
They Care for Others, But What About Themselves? Understanding Self-Care Among DSPs' and Its Relationship to Professional Quality of Life
Authors: Keesler John M. , Troxel Jess 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Direct support professionals (DSPs) are instrumental to the daily operations of organizations that support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). With extensive responsibilities, DSPs often experience high levels of stress and burnout that can result in turnover and vacant positions. Self-care is the practice of behaviors that promote well-being, counter work-related stress, and foster resilience. The current study explored self-care and resilience, and their relationship with professional quality of life (i.e., satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress) among DSPs. Using a convenient sample, 153 DSPs (71% female) completed an online survey comprised of multiple measures. Results indicated that DSPs often engaged in self-care behaviors across physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual, relational, and workplace domains, however, less than 40% engaged in self-care behaviors directly related to work. On average, DSPs reported high levels of resilience. Collectively, self-care and resilience accounted for 12% to 28% of variance in DSPs' professional quality of life. Given the contribution of self-care to resilience and professional quality of life, an active approach by IDD organizations to foster self-care among DSPs may help promote their longevity and retention.
Early Predictors of Later Expressive Language in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Fielding-Gebhardt Heather , Warren Steven F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe predictive ability of early consonant inventory and intentional communication on later expressive language was examined in 36 boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Autism symptom severity was included as a potential moderator. Participants were visited in their homes twice over a 6-year period, and mother-child interactions were videotaped, coded, and transcribed behavior by behavior. Consonant inventory and concurrent autism symptom severity were predictive of later number of different words, as was the interaction between the two. Intentional communication was not predictive of number of different words. These findings provide additional specific evidence for differences in foundational language abilities associated with autism symptom severity in boys with FXS. Clinical implications are discussed.
Heterodyne period measurement in a scanning beam interference
lithography system
Authors: Jiang Shan , Lü Bo , Song Ying , Liu Zhaowu , Wang Wei , Shuo Li , Bayanheshig  
Published: June 2020

The interference fringe period is an important phase-locking parameter
in the scanning beam interference lithography (SBIL) system. To
measure the interference fringe period accurately, a heterodyne period
measurement method is proposed. Compared with traditional methods, the
requirements for the stage motion characteristics are greatly reduced.
In this paper, the theoretical error of the period measurement method
is analyzed and relevant experiments are performed. The results show
that the average period measurement value is 555.539 nm and the
standard deviation of measurement repeatability is 2.5 pm. This method
is significant for holographic grating fabrication using the SBIL
system.
Comunicado científico: Análisis del programa tecnofe como medio para garantizar el Derecho a la Buena Administración
Authors: Paredes Débora Gisela , Bicheré Marina Edit 
Published: June 2020

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) son herramientas que permiten el acceso al conocimiento, la información y la participación de todas las personas, con independencia de su capacidad económica y de su ubicación geográfica. Así entendidas, resultan herramientas fundamentales para garantizar la eficacia de la política pública de gobierno abierto, centrada en el ciudadano. El uso de estas herramientas por parte de las administraciones públicas implica una verdadera transformación en su manera de gestionar, y por consiguiente, conlleva la necesidad de adecuar su marco normativo e implementar políticas públicas que acompañen dicho proceso. La provincia de Santa Fe se encuentra inmersa en este proceso de cambio, utilizando estas herramientas para su gestión. Desde el año 2016 está implementando el Plan Estratégico de Tecnologías ("TecnoFE") 2016-2018, que incluye el uso de las TICs en varios ejes como salud, educación, seguridad y sistema electoral. En este marco, pretendemos analizar el mencionado Plan TecnoFE, que contiene cincuenta y cinco proyectos de desarrollo tecnológico para mejorar la gestión de la administración pública y dar respuesta a las nuevas demandas de la ciudadanía, en relación a su eficacia para garantizar el derecho a la buena administración. Para ello, partimos de un relevamiento y análisis de la normativa dictada para la aprobación y aplicación de dicho Plan. Luego procedimos a analizar el proceso de implementación, en miras a corroborar su eficacia para garantizar la participación ciudadana, el control de la gestión pública y el libre acceso a la información pública, que pretenden consolidar el modelo de gestión de gobierno abierto y lograr una democracia participativa, en el marco de un Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. La metodología empleada permite analizar el Plan "TecnoFE" no sólo desde la perspectiva de la norma, sino también desde la realidad social y desde el punto de vista de la justicia del sistema vigente. Consideramos necesario destacar que si bien aún queda camino que recorrer en la implementación de una auténtica administración electrónica, que asegure mayores cotas de eficiencia, eficacia y calidad de los servicios públicos, la provincia de Santa Fe, a través de la implementación del Plan TecnoFE, se encuentra transitando el camino para garantizar la aplicación de las normativas provinciales, nacionales y supra-nacionales que prescriben el uso de las TICs como herramientas de gestión de gobierno abierto y así, hacer efectivo el derecho a la buena administración de todos los ciudadanos.
Public policies for the promotion of decent work in Brazil: dialogues with Amartya Sen
Authors: Reis da Silva Lucas , Benício Xavier Juliana 
Published: June 2020

O oitavo objetivo de desenvolvimento sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas prevê a necessidade de “promover o crescimento econômico sustentado, inclusivo e sustentável, emprego pleno e produtivo e trabalho decente para todos”. Esta meta coincide com as orientações das políticas e programas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho no sentido de garantir o exercício laboral em condições que respeitem os direitos humanos, as liberdades individuais e a igualdade. Diante desse contexto, e reforçado por previsões explícitas na Constituição da República Federativa de 1988 que orientam no mesmo sentido, o Brasil tem desenvolvido políticas públicas e alterações legislativas importantes, relacionadas ao mundo do trabalho. Nos últimos vinte anos, mais de cinquenta e cinco mil trabalhadores brasileiros foram resgatados de condições análogas à de escravidão, de acordo com dados da Secretaria de Inspeção do Trabalho. De acordo com dados do Ministério Público do Trabalho, apesar de expressamente proibido por lei, o trabalho infantil ainda atinge 2,7 milhões crianças brasileiras. O país é o quarto do mundo com maior ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, segundo dados do Ministério do Trabalho. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar em que medida a atuação estatal tem contribuído para a efetivação do trabalho decente, assim como, de que maneira os impactos trazidos pela reforma trabalhista aprovada no Congresso Nacional Brasileiro em 2017 podem interferir na promoção do exercício da atividade laboral de forma a que não viole direitos e garantias fundamentais à vida, à igualdade, à segurança e à liberdade. A superação de problemas relacionados ao trabalho decente é central à análise do desenvolvimento, que consiste, segundo Amartya Sen, na remoção de limitações às escolhas e às oportunidades para exercício de ação racional por parte dos cidadãos. Desta maneira, o presente artigo analisa os efeitos das políticas públicas de valorização do trabalho decente na expansão da liberdade dos indivíduos, considerada, simultaneamente, como fim do desenvolvimento e como seu principal meio. Algumas liberdades, entre as quais o trabalho decente, possuem papel instrumental na promoção de liberdades de outras espécies e estimulam iniciativas orientadas com fim de superar privações. Por isso, analisar em que medida o Estado Brasileiro tem alcançado sucesso em promover o trabalho decente torna-se tarefa de extrema importância.
Efek minuman cokelat (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap peningkatan jumlah eritrosit dan kadar hemoglobin tikus putih anemia
Authors: Restuti Arisanty Nur Setia , Yulianti Adhiningsih , Lindawati Dewi 
Published: June 2020

Background : Anemia is a condition when the body do not have enough healthy red blood cells. Laboratory sign of anemia is decreases of erythrocytes and haemoglobin (Hb) level. Anemia can be caused by deficiency of nutritional intake.Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine changes in the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels of anemia rats which were intervened with chocolate drinks.Methods : The design of this study was an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The samples in this research were 21 male wistar rats. Rats were induced by NaNO2 25mg/gBB for 18 days, then followed by an intervention of chocolate drink 4.3ml / day for 14 days. The results will be tested using one way ANOVA test and paired T-Test.Results : The results of this study showed that there were significant differences in the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels between groups before the intervention (p = 0.00) and (p = 0.011), so also after the intervention there is significant differences in the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels between groups (p = 0.00) and (p = 0.01).Paired T-Test results showed that there were significant differences in the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels before and after the study in the intervention group given chocolate drink (p = 0.00) and (p = 0.02).Conclusion : Chocolate drinks have an effect on increasing the number of erythrocytes and Hb levels in anemia rats.
Digital Twin of manufacturing systems: a case study on increasing the efficiency of reconfiguration
Authors: Ashtari Talkhestani Behrang , Weyrich Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The added value of a Digital Twin for reconfiguring manufacturing systems promises an increase in system availability, a reduction in set-up and conversion times and enables the manufacturing of customer-specific products. To evaluate this claim, this paper selects an architecture of the Digital Twin and realizes it on the basis of an application scenario for a cyber-physical manufacturing system. A case study is used to test the reconfiguration of a manufacturing system by comparing two different methods, one without and one with use of the Digital Twin. In this paper, the process steps of both reconfigurations are described and discussed in detail and a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the reconfiguration results is presented. Finally, this paper gives an outlook on future research on intelligent automation of manufacturing systems using the Digital Twin.
Hybrid model approaches for compensating environmental influences in machine tools using integrated sensors
Authors: Dahlem Philipp , Sanders Mark P. , Birck Fröhlich Herberth , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Uncontrolled environmental conditions often impact manufacturing processes and lead to product quality fluctuations. For machine tools, thermal influences are a major limitation to the volumetric performance. Climate controls for the shop floor, and machines, or thermally stable structural designs are economically not feasible, promoting control-based compensation as a possible solution. Since the relationship between disturbing quantities and effects are complex and specific to each machine, appropriate modelling is a critical requirement. The authors describe an approach for developing hybrid models, superposing white-box model knowledge, and machine learning. The overall effort can be optimized by combining and balancing different modelling methods, like designing the physical model part and training intelligent algorithms. A general model structure allows a continuous integration of different white-box and black-box model components. The authors integrate self-developed smart sensors into a demonstrator machine tool to test and validate the performance of the approach.
Conceptual design, modeling and control of a rigid parallel serial-elastic actuator
Authors: Penzlin Bernhard , Leipnitz Anja , Bergmann Lukas , Li Yinbo , Ji Linhong , Leonhardt Steffen , Ngo Chuong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Parallel-elastic actuators (PEA) can provide efficiency advantages. In current designs clutches can fix or release the neutral position of the elasticity. The presented actuator combines a direct actuator with a serial-elastic actuator (SEA) in parallel. In addition to the efficiency advantages of a PEA, both actuators can also actively cooperate or actively control the neutral position of the elasticity. On the test bench, the prototype is operated as a PEA with a load similar to the hip during gait, whereby a reduction in peak power of 19 % is found. Furthermore the SEA can support 31 % of the torque during a task similar to sit-to-stand.
Molecular Properties of Carbon Crystal Cubic Structures
Authors: Yang Hong , Kamran Siddiqui Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad , Abdul Rehman Najma 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraph theory assumes an imperative part in displaying and planning any synthetic structure or substance organizer. Chemical graph theory facilitates in conception of the chemical graphs for their atomic properties. The graphical structure of a chemical involves atoms termed as vertices and the line segment between two different vertices are called edges. In this manuscript, our concentration is on the chemical graph of carbon graphite and cubic carbon. Additionally, we also define a procedure and calculate the degree based topological indices namely Zagreb type indices, Balaban, Forgotten and Augmented indices.
Some properties of modified Szász–Mirakyan operators in polynomial spaces via the power summability method
Authors: Braha Naim L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we will prove the Korovkin type theorem for modified Szász–Mirakyan operators viaA-statistical convergence and the power summability method. Also we give the rate of the convergence related to the above summability methods, and in the last section, we give a kind of Voronovskaya type theorem forA-statistical convergence and Grüss–Voronovskaya type theorem.
Endoreversible Otto Engines at Maximal Power
Authors: Smith Zackary , Pal Priyo S. , Deffner Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite its idealizations, thermodynamics has proven its power as a predictive theory for practical applications. In particular, the Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency provides a benchmark for any real engine operating at maximal power. Here we further develop the analysis of endoreversible Otto engines. For a generic class of working mediums, whose internal energy is proportional to some power of the temperature, we find that no engine can achieve the Carnot efficiency at finite power. However, we also find that for the specific example of photonic engines the efficiency at maximal power is higher than the Curzon–Ahlborn efficiency.
An empirical perspective on the contact between English and French: a case study on substitutive complex prepositions
Authors: Béchet Christophe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHistorical language contact has generally been approached qualitatively through the examination of different linguistic and extralinguistic factors. By contrast, frequency patterns, although widely acknowledged in other linguistic fields, have not received a great deal of attention in the contact linguistics literature. This paper attempts to bridge this methodological gap through the application of an experimental procedure borrowed from the field of learner corpus research and areal linguistics. In a pilot study on the well-known case of language contact between English and French, the potential contact effects of French on English with regard to the use of substitutive complex prepositions of the PNP type are investigated, using probabilistic multifactorial modeling. The goal is to show in what ways and to what extent English conforms to French in the use of in lieu of and in place of, but also the extent to which it deviates from the Romance language, assuming from the outset that French served as the model language. This approach to historical language contact methodologically enriches an ever-growing paradigm and also illustrates empirically what has been conceptualized as frequency effects in usage-based Construction Grammar.