bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 disease among racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. cancer population as seen in CancerLinQ Discovery data.
Authors: Potter Danielle , Riffon Mark , Kakamada Sirisha , Miller Robert S. , Komatsoulis George Anthony 
Published: October 2020

84 Background: Patients with cancer may face difficult care decisions during the COVID-19 outbreak in the US. Understanding COVID-19 risk factors may help patients and oncologists identify high-risk patients and plan for the best cancer treatment in a timely fashion. This analysis provides an assessment of racial and ethnic risk factors for COVID-19 disease within the CancerLinQ (CLQ) Discovery database. Methods: CLQ is a health technology platform developed by ASCO, which collects and aggregates longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data from oncology practices throughout the United States. Patients with a diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm and at least two encounters in the past year at a reporting CLQ practice were defined as the underlying cancer patient population at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 cases were identified via a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and/or an ICD-10 code for coronavirus (e.g., B97.29, U07.1, or U07.2). Relative risks and 95% CI were calculated using SAS. Results: We identified 232,428 patients with cancer. From 1/1/2020-4/30/2020, we identified 223 COVID-19 cases in patients with cancer. Of these, 203 had a positive RT-PCR, 26 had an ICD-10 diagnosis code for SARS-CoV-2, and 6 had both. SARS-CoV-2 cases were identified from 19 of the 35 CLQ practices (52.8%) reporting data during the study period. Compared to white patients, African Americans were approximately 2 times more likely to have COVID-19 disease (RR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.40-2.71), and Hispanics were more than 4 times more likely (RR = 4.65; 95% CI = 3.36-6.43). Patients with hematologic cancers were 1.5 times as likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 (RR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.09-2.16) compared to patients with solid tumors. At the time of this abstract, 10 patients (4.5%) died. Conclusions: These results are based on data from a sample of CLQ practices and represent an initial analysis of COVID-19 in the CLQ population. The elevated risk for COVID-19 among African Americans and Hispanics with cancer is noteworthy, particularly since these patients often suffer poorer cancer outcomes. The elevated risk among patients with hematologic cancers is also worth noting because these patients often have compromised immune systems and are already susceptible to many other types of infection. Because the US is in the midst of an active outbreak, we are continuing to analyze new cases and additional risk factors, such as geographical location, anti-cancer treatments, and other cancer variables (e.g. stage).
Racial disparities in adolescent and young adult cancer clinical trial enrollment.
Authors: Siembida Elizabeth , Loomans-Kropp Holli Ann , Trivedi Neha , Bleyer Archie , Roth Michael 
Published: October 2020

91 Background: African American/Black (Black) patients have historically been underrepresented in cancer clinical trials (CCTs); additionally, adolescents and young adults (AYAs; diagnosis between 15-39 years) enroll on CCTs at alarmingly low rates. However, few studies have explored the participation of Black AYAs in CCTs. Therefore, we aimed to assess Black AYA CCT enrollment onto National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored CCTs and compare enrollment of Black AYAs to enrollment of Black children (< 15 years) and adults (40+ years). Methods: Utilizing data from the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, we examined Black AYA enrollment onto CCTs from 2000-2016. We described the total Black AYA enrollments and the proportion of Black AYA enrollments by age (15-19, 20-29, 30-39 years) and sex. We also compared the proportion of Black AYA enrollments to the proportion of Black children and adult enrollments. Enrollment proportion was defined as Black enrollments over total age group enrollment. The χ² test was used to assess differences in proportional enrollment between groups. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: From 2000-2016, 3,893 Black AYAs enrolled onto NCI-sponsored CCTs. Black AYA enrollment was lowest among 20-29 year-old AYAs (N=719) compared to 15-19 year-old (N=1,074) and 30-39 year-old AYAs (N=1,408). The proportion of enrollments of Black AYA patients age 15-19 was significantly higher than enrollments for AYAs age 20-29 and 30-39 (12.6% vs. 10.9% vs 10.9%, respectively, both p's <0.003). The proportion of male Black AYA enrollments decreased by age, with 61.8%, 40.9%, and 22.6% male enrollment for patients age 15-19, 20-29, 30-39, respectively. Despite a significantly higher incidence of cancer in AYAs compared with children, 20.5% more Black children enrolled on trials compared with Black AYAs. The proportion of Black AYA enrollment was marginally higher than Black children (11.3% vs. 10.6%, p = .04), and significantly higher than Black adults (11.3% vs. 8.0%, p < .001). The proportion of Black AYA enrollments did not significantly change between 2000-2007 and 2008-2015 (10.9% vs 11.8%, p=0.33). Conclusions: Racial disparities exist within AYA enrollment on CCTs, with Black AYAs age 20-29 and Black male AYAs least likely to enroll. Despite an increasing focus on improving CCT enrollment of underrepresented groups, enrollment of Black AYAs has not increased. Future studies are needed to elucidate barriers and facilitators to CCT enrollment and guide future intervention development.
Role of oncology-advanced practitioners to enhance clinical research.
Authors: Braun-Inglis Christa Marie , Boehmer Leigh , Zitella Laura J , Hoffner Brianna , Rhee Jessica , Shvetsov Yurii B , Oyer Randall A. , Benson Al Bowen 
Published: October 2020

95 Background: Oncology Advanced Practitioners (APs), including Nurse Practitioners, Physician Assistants, Clinical Nurse Specialists, and Pharmacists are highly trained health care providers that contribute significantly to quality cancer care. Given low clinical trial enrollment among adult oncology patients, understanding current research responsibilities of APs could lead to identification of opportunities to leverage this workforce to enhance accrual and conduct of clinical trials. Methods: A 65-item validated survey addressing attitudes, beliefs and responsibilities of oncology APs participating in clinical research was distributed from January 22 through March 6, 2020. Outreach via the Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) and Harborside was utilized to reach a sample set of 14,601 oncology APs’ emails. The survey was administered and data were analyzed using Survey Monkey. Results: 408 U.S. oncology APs completed the survey. Respondents were primarily white (83%), female (92%) and nurse practitioners (71%). Thirty-five percent practiced in an academic setting and 62% practiced in a community setting. Nearly all respondents believed that clinical trials are important to improve oncology care standards and more than 90% reported that clinical trials were available at their practice. Nearly 80% reported that they are comfortable discussing treatment options with patients, discussing clinical trials in general, and know where to find clinical trials. Furthermore, 80% participate in the care of patients enrolled on clinical trials. Only 60%, however, are comfortable discussing trials available at their practice and only 38% routinely explore whether a clinical trial is available for their patients. While 70% of APs approach eligible patients about clinical trials at their practice, only 20% reported doing so “a great deal” or “a lot”. Ninety percent of APs reported that they should play a role in clinical research and 75% would like to be more involved in the clinical trial process. Barriers to greater involvement in clinical trials include lack of time, inadequate awareness of clinical trial specifics, and under-representation on research committees. Conclusions: The majority of oncology APs are engaged and interested in clinical trials and believe that research is important to improve cancer care. However, they are not being utilized to their full scope. Multidisciplinary team integration, trials-related education, and policy change is needed to allow this group of skilled professionals to realize their full potential within cancer clinical trials.
How Does Critique Become Effective?
Authors: Montag Warren 
Published: October 2020

Critique has been the site of a conflict from the time of its origins: the conflict over the proper relation between theory and practice. Must critique protect its fundamental separation from practice, in order to guard against the intrusion of particular interests into what ought to be a realm of rational deliberation? In this case, critique would precede and direct practice. Or, in contrast, does practice precede and make possible the endeavor of critique, by providing, through the struggles it wages, understood as so many experiments and tests, the information without which critique becomes an empty or, worse, an apologetic exercise?
Maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy and offspring childhood weight and height trajectories: analysis of a prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Pyne Yvette V , Howe Laura D , Fraser Abigail 
Published: October 2020

Background: Both anaemia and high haemoglobin in pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including foetal growth restriction. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy and trajectories of length/height and weight from birth through childhood. Methods: Data from 7,597 singleton pregnancies in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), an ongoing, prospective, UK population-based pregnancy cohort study were used. We examined associations between maternal haemoglobin (overall pregnancy and trimester specific) and offspring length and weight at birth, as well as trajectories of height and weight gain from birth to age 10 years derived from multilevel models. Results: Mean pregnancy haemoglobin was 11.61 g/dL (SD 1.12). For each 1g/dL higher mean overall pregnancy haemoglobin, offspring were on average -0.30 cm shorter (95%CI: -0.35, -0.24, p <0.001), and -97.7 g lighter (95%CI: -110.42, -84.93, p <0.001) at birth when adjusting for potential confounders. Trimester specific inverse associations with birth length and weight were strongest for third trimester haemoglobin. There was evidence of a positive association between maternal haemoglobin levels and offspring height gain up to the age of one year and no strong evidence of associations between pregnancy haemoglobin and childhood weight gain. Conclusions: In high income countries, higher maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy may be a concern, as well as anaemia. Further studies are needed to define ‘high’ haemoglobin in pregnancy and whether monitoring of women with high pregnancy haemoglobin is warranted.
Individual trajectory of methodical self-development of the teacher
Authors: Kazanceva Elena , Kazanceva Anzhela , Dyundik Yuliya 
Published: October 2020

The relevance of the problem of building an individual trajectory of methodical self-development of a teacher is due to the change of reference points in the training and certification of teachers. The article presents an analysis of the category "methodological training" of a foreign language teacher from the point of view of both the process and the result. As a result of the analysis of psychological and pedagogical, methodological literature and comparison of essential characteristics of the desired category, the authors revealed that the teacher's methodological competence is a complex multi-faceted set of psychological, pedagogical and linguistic components. The content of the components of methodological training includes knowledge of modern approaches and technologies of training, knowledge about the essence and main characteristics of the learning process, the availability of skills and abilities of effective organization of the learning process, as well as personal and professional qualities of the teacher AND staff.
On the basis of comparative analysis of requirements of the FSES IN teacher education and Professional standards articulate a set of knowledge, skills, and labor actions, constitute the essence of the methodical training of teachers of a foreign language and to determine the specific tasks of professional self-development and improvement of the teacher. The identified knowledge, skills and labor actions will allow you to design an individual program in accordance with the predicted difficulties and complications in your professional activity.
Sources of education of employeers of internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using mass media: analysis of pedagogical sources from ancient times to the XVII- th centery
Authors: Hramova Margarita 
Published: October 2020

the introduction updates the urgent need to use the pedagogical potential of the mass media in the education of employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in continuing education.
The purpose of this article is to justify the need to organize the education of employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using mass media based on the analysis of pedagogical monuments of the period from ancient times to the XVII century.
The main part of the article deals with Russian pedagogical monuments of the period from ancient times to the XVII century: works of folklore and Chronicles. The authors-teachers of these works are studied. The article analyzes the process of management decisions made by higher authorities in the pre-state period, in the period of KievanRus, the Moscow Grand Duchy and Moscow state on the organization of education and training of citizens who subsequently influenced the system of education of employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using mass media in continuing education.
The article finishes with a General conclusion based on the results of a brief analysis of pedagogical monuments and the need to educate employees of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation using the media in continuing education.
Learning to Solve Large-Scale Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problems
Authors: Xavier Álinson S. , Qiu Feng , Ahmed Shabbir 
Published: October 2020

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is a fundamental problem in power systems and electricity markets. In practical settings, SCUC is repeatedly solved via mixed-integer linear programming (MIP), sometimes multiple times per day, with only minor changes in input data. In this work, we propose a number of machine learning techniques to effectively extract information from previously solved instances in order to significantly improve the computational performance of MIP solvers when solving similar instances in the future. Based on statistical data, we predict redundant constraints in the formulation, good initial feasible solutions, and affine subspaces where the optimal solution is likely to lie, leading to a significant reduction in problem size. Computational results on a diverse set of realistic and large-scale instances show that using the proposed techniques, SCUC can be solved on average 4.3 times faster with optimality guarantees and 10.2 times faster without optimality guarantees, with no observed reduction in solution quality. Out-of-distribution experiments provide evidence that the method is somewhat robust against data-set shift.Summary of Contribution. The paper describes a novel computational method, based on a combination of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and machine learning (ML), to solve a challenging and fundamental optimization problem in the energy sector. The method advances the state-of-the-art, not only for this particular problem, but also, more generally, in solving discrete optimization problems via ML. We expect that the techniques presented can be readily used by practitioners in the energy sector and adapted, by researchers in other fields, to other challenging operations research problems that are solved routinely.
Factors Influencing Teachers' Decisions About Their Use of Community-Based Instruction
Authors: Hopkins Shari L. , Dymond Stacy K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Teachers of high school students with severe disabilities are charged with making decisions about educational programming that prepares students for life post-school. This includes decisions about using community-based instruction (CBI) to teach skills that students will need to participate in the community. This qualitative study investigated the factors 13 high school special education teachers considered when making decisions about whether to use CBI with 26 students with severe disabilities and the factors they considered when selecting skills to teach these students during CBI. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed using a constant comparative method. Findings indicate that program organization and individual student needs influenced teachers' decisions to use CBI. When selecting skills to teach during CBI, teachers considered the student's current and future needs, the classroom curriculum, skills needed in the community, and the student's ability to learn.
Tooth color alteration after debonding in orthodontic patients with adhesive removal using composite bur or tungsten carbide bur: a single center, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sadrhaghighi Amir Hooman , Mohammadi Amir , Abdollahzadeh Baghaei Tannaz , Alipour Hamed 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine whether recently developed fiber reinforced composite burs provided better results by comparing tooth discoloration after debonding of orthodontic brackets.Methods: A split-mouth, randomized controlled trial was carried out in one orthodontic office; including 23 patients with intact, vital and caries-free four upper incisors aged 12 to 30 years who completed their fixed orthodontic treatment. For each patient, upper central and lateral incisors on each side of the mouth were randomly selected to remove the adhesive with either a tungsten carbide bur (TC) (n = 46) or a fiber-reinforced composite bur (FC) (n=46). Color evaluation of each tooth was conducted at two time points: immediately after finishing and polishing procedure and two months afterwards. The primary outcome would be the amount of color change in each group during the post treatment phase. The participants, the person assessing the color change and the statistician were blinded to TC group assignment. Color changes in each group were analyzed with the Paired T-test. The color change corresponding to the resin removal method was also statistically analyzed with the Independent T-test at ?=0.05 as the level of significance.Results: 86 teeth, 43 in each group, were analyzed. The ?E value was 3.713±1.161, for teeth finished TC and 2.114±0.514 for teeth finished with FC (p<0.01).Conclusion: adhesive removal with FC bur results in a more color-resistant tooth surface in comparison with tungsten carbide bur.
Alcohol Intake and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Viral Hepatitis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Sinn Dong Hyun , Kang Danbee , Guallar Eliseo , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Zhao Di , Hong Yun Soo , Cho Juhee , Gwak Geum-Youn 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
We evaluated the association between alcohol intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in subjects with chronic viral hepatitis, using nationwide population-based cohort study.

METHODS:
A total of 364,361 men and women aged 40–84 years who underwent health screening examination between January 2002 and December 2013 that included assessment of frequency and amount of alcohol consumption were assessed for all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

RESULTS:
In participants without chronic viral hepatitis, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality comparing light, moderate, and heavy drinkers with nondrinkers were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.98), 1.08 (95% CI 1.01–1.16), and 1.51 (95% CI 1.33–1.72), respectively. In participants with chronic viral hepatitis, the corresponding HRs were 1.19 (95% CI 1.05–1.36), 1.23 (95% CI 1.06–1.43), and 1.69 (95% CI 1.28–2.24), respectively (P value for alcohol intake by chronic viral hepatitis interaction <0.001). Compared with participants without chronic viral hepatitis, those with chronic viral hepatitis had substantially elevated liver cancer or liver disease (HR 10.85, 95% CI 9.74–12.09) and extrahepatic cancer mortality (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.26–1.49). In patients with chronic viral hepatitis, the high mortality due to liver cancer or liver disease and the positive association of alcohol intake with liver cancer or liver disease mortality explained the positive association of alcohol intake with all-cause mortality.

DISCUSSION:
Even light to moderate alcohol intake was associated with increased all-cause mortality in individuals with chronic viral hepatitis. Clinicians and public health campaigns should advise against any amount of alcohol intake in individuals with chronic viral hepatitis.
A Proposal for updating the Aeronautic enlisted men’s evaluating performance instrument based on the perceptions of senior and warrant officers
Authors: Araújo Guilherme dos Santos , Araujo Fernando Oliveira de 
Published: October 2020

Goal: identify the key competencies, in the perception of the senior officers and the warrant officers of the Air Force, necessary for the enlisted men to perform their functions and subject to consideration for updating the existing performance evaluation instrument.
Methodology: preliminarily, a documentary and bibliographic research was carried out, capable of supporting the construction of a questionnaire, which was answered by 674 senior officers and 727 warrant officers belonging to the research target audience. Data were analyzed using centrality and dispersion parameters, also considering Pearson's coefficient of variation.
Results: 29 competencies could be identified as being the main key competencies, highlighting those related to the alignment with military precepts.
Limitations: it is possible to obtain a large amount of data using questionnaire, but the method does not allow to deepen the structure and processes that involve the questions asked. Also, distortions can occur caused by the subjectivity present in the respondents' perception.
Practical implications: the results proved to be a proposal to updating the current performance evaluation system for enlisted men.
Value: the value of this research is its contribution to a better performance evaluation system for the Brazilian Air Force enlisted men.
Key Words: Competencies survey; Performance evaluation; Military promotion; Professional development.