bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MARTINI coarse‐grained model for poly‐ε‐caprolactone in acetone‐water mixtures
Authors: Lavino Alessio D. , Carbone Paola , Marchisio Daniele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work we present the development of a MARTINI‐type coarse‐graining (CG) model for poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) dissolved in a solvent binary mixture of acetone and water. A thermodynamic/conformational procedure is adopted to build up the CG model of the system, starting from the standard MARTINI force field. The single CG bead is parametrized upon solvation free energy calculations, whereas the conformation of the whole polymer chain is optimized using the radius of gyration values calculated at different chain lengths. The model is then able to reproduce the correct thermodynamics of the system, as well as the conformation of single PCL chains, especially in pure water and acetone. The results obtained here are then used to simulate the interactions between multiple longer PCL chains in solution. The model developed here can be used in the future to achieve deeper insight into the dynamics of the polymer self‐assembly.
Good performance of p16/Ki‐67 dual‐stain cytology for detection and post‐treatment surveillance of high‐grade CIN/VAIN in a prospective, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Wei , Gong Jinping , Xu Haicang , Zhang Dan , Xia Nannan , Li Hongxuan , Song Kejuan , Lv Teng , Chen Yulong , Diao Yuchao , Jao Jinwen , Dai Shuzhen , Zhao Peng , Yao Qin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe limited sensitivity of Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology and the low specificity of HPV testing in detecting cervical or vaginal lesions means that either precancers are missed or women without lesions are overtreated. To improve performance outcomes, p16/Ki‐67 dual‐stain cytology has been introduced as a useful biomarker.MethodsA prospective, cross‐sectional study was performed and included 599 patients. Clinical performance estimates of Pap cytology, HPV DNA assay, and p16/Ki‐67 dual‐stain cytology for the detection of CIN2+/VAIN2+ were determined and compared.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of p16/Ki‐67 dual‐stain cytology in detecting histology proven CIN2+/VAIN2+ was 91.6% and 95.0%, respectively, while that of Pap cytology was 42.1% and 95.2%, respectively, and that of HPV DNA testing was 100% and 41.6%, respectively. Among the three tests, the AUC of p16/Ki‐67 immunocytochemistry was the largest, both for detecting cervical lesions and vaginal lesions, at 0.932 and 0.966, respectively. Among women who were HPV 16/18 positive or 12‐other hrHPV positive and Pap positive (≥ASCUS), dual staining reduced the number of unnecessary colposcopy referrals from 274 to 181. Among the women who were 12‐other hrHPV positive and Pap negative, dual staining could prevent underdiagnosis in six patients with CIN2+/VAIN2+ when used as a triage marker. Dual staining also identified four women with high‐grade lesions detected by diagnostic conization but with negative colposcopy‐guided biopsy results.Conclusionp16/Ki‐67 dual staining may be a promising tool for predicting high‐grade cervical and vaginal lesions.
Epigenetic regulation of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in an activity‐based rat model of anorexia nervosa
Authors: D'Addario Claudio , Zaplatic Elizabeta , Giunti Elisa , Pucci Mariangela , Micioni Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria , Scherma Maria , Dainese Enrico , Maccarrone Mauro , Nilsson Ida A. , Cifani Carlo , Fadda Paola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveBoth environmental and genetic factors are known to contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa (AN), but the exact etiology remains poorly understood. Herein, we studied the transcriptional regulation of the endocannabinoid system, an interesting target for body weight maintenance and the control of food intake and energy balance.MethodWe used two well‐characterized animal models of AN: (a) the activity‐based anorexia (ABA) model in which rats, housed with running wheels and subjected to daily food restriction, show reductions in body weight and increase in physical activity; (b) the genetic anx/anx mouse displaying the core features of AN: low food intake and emaciation.ResultsAmong the evaluated endocannabinoid system components, we observed a selective and significant down‐regulation of the gene encoding for the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (Cnr1) in ABA rats' hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens and, in the latter area, a consistent, significant and correlated increase in DNA methylation at the gene promoter. No changes were evident in the anx/anx mice except for a down‐regulation of Cnr1, in the prefrontal cortex.DiscussionOur findings support a possible role for Cnr1 in the ABA animal model of AN. In particular, its regulation in the nucleus accumbens appears to be triggered by environmental cues due to the consistent epigenetic modulation of the promoter. These data warrant further studies on Cnr1 regulation as a possible target for treatment of AN.
Capacitance Polypyrrole‐based Impedimetric Immunosensor for Interleukin‐10 Cytokine Detection
Authors: Nessark Faiza , Eissa Mohamed , Baraket Abdoullatif , Zine Nadia , Nessark Belkacem , Zouaoui Ahmed , Bausells Joan , Errachid Abdelhamid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we developed a novel label‐free capacitance impedimetric immunosensor based on the immobilization of the human monoclonal antibody anti‐interleukin‐10 (anti‐IL‐10 mAb) onto polypyrrole (PPy)‐modified silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates. The immunosensor was used for the detection of the recombinant interleukin‐10 antigen (rh IL‐10) that may be secreted in patients at the early stage of inflammation. The immunosensor was created by chemical deposition of PPy conducting layer on pyrrole−silane (SPy)‐treated Si/SiO2/Si3N4 substrates (Si/SiO2/Si3N4−SPy), followed by anti‐IL‐10 mAb immobilization through carboxyl‐functionalized diazonium (CMA) protocol and carbodiimide chemistry. The surface characterization and the biofunctionalization steps were characterized by SEM, FTIR and cyclic voltammetry (CV) while the detection process was carried out by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. The created immunosensor showed two linear fittings (R2=0.999) for the detection of rh IL‐10 within the concentration range from 1–50 pg/mL. It exhibited high sensitivity (0.1128 (pg/mL)−1) with a very low limit of detection (LOD)=0.347 pg/mL, more particularly, at the low concentration range (1–10 pg/mL). Thus, this developed polypyrrole‐based immunosensor represents a promising strategy for creation of miniaturized label‐free, fast and highly sensitive biosensors for diagnosis of inflammation biomarkers at very low concentrations with reduced cost.
Enrichment of heat transfer in a latent heat storage unit using longitudinal fins
Authors: Mehta Digant S. , Vaghela Bhavesh , Rathod Manish K. , Banerjee Jyotirmay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe charging and discharging rates of a phase change material (PCM) in a horizontal latent heat storage unit (LHSU) is largely influenced by the lower thermal conductivity of the PCM. In the present research, four different configurations of longitudinal fins are proposed to augment the heat transfer in horizontal shell and tube type LHSUs. Numerical investigations are reported to establish the thermal performance augmentation with rectangular, triangular, and Y‐shaped (bifurcated) fins. From the results, it has been inferred that all fin configurations provide a faster charging and discharging rate. In the present set of geometric dimensions of LHSU considered, a reduction in charging time of 68.71% is evaluated for case III (three rectangular fins with one fin positioned in the area of the heat transfer fluid [HTF] surface) and case V (two bifurcated fins with one fin positioned in the area of the HTF surface). Moreover, overall cycle (charging + discharging) time is reduced by 58.3% for case III. Employment of fins results in a faster rate of absorption and extraction of energy from the PCM.
High‐quality retinal vessel segmentation using generative adversarial network with a large receptive field
Authors: Zhao Hanli , Qiu Xiaqing , Lu Wanglong , Huang Hui , Jin Xiaogang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRetinal vessel segmentation is of great significance for assisting doctors in diagnosis of ophthalmological diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and glaucoma. This article proposes a new retinal vessel segmentation algorithm using generative adversarial learning with a large receptive field. A generative network maps an input retinal fundus image to a realistic vessel image while a discriminative network differentiates between images drawn from the database and the generative network. Firstly, the proposed generative network combines shallow features with the upsampled deep features to assemble a more precise vessel image. Secondly, the residual module in the proposed generative and discriminative networks can effectively help deep nets easy to optimize. Moreover, the dilated convolutions in the proposed generative network effectively enlarge the receptive field without increasing the amount of computations. A number of experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets (DRIVE and STARE) achieving the segmentation accuracy rates of 95.63% and 96.84%, and the average areas under the ROC curve of 98.12% and 98.53%. Performance results show that the proposed automatic retinal vessel segmentation algorithm outperforms state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in many validation metrics. The proposed algorithm can not only detect small tiny blood vessels but also capture large‐scale high‐level semantic vessel features.
Effectiveness of oral antibiotics for treating pyelonephritis caused by extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae: A case series
Authors: Terada Norihiko , Itoh Naoya , Kurai Hanako 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the spread of multidrug‐resistant bacteria has become a global problem. Extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria) is one example. The incidence of urinary tract infections caused by ESBL‐producing enterobacteria has been increasing in some Japanese community settings. Currently, there is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of oral antibiotics used for the treatment of pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing enterobacteria. We investigated the effectiveness of oral antibacterial agents against pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae.MethodsThe records of patients who had been treated for pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing enterobacteria with oral antibiotics between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2019, were reviewed retrospectively to assess the effectiveness of oral antibiotic treatment.ResultsA total of seven cases were identified, including 1 patient with a positive blood culture and one patient with a Pitt bacteremia score of four points, indicating that the infections were severe. The antibiotics used to treat pyelonephritis were amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (n = 3), minocycline (n = 1), levofloxacin (n = 3), and sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim with amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (n = 1). None of the patients had recurrence of pyelonephritis in the 60 days following oral antibiotic treatment, and there were no deaths during the 60‐day follow‐up period.ConclusionsThese antibiotics should be considered for oral treatment of pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing enterobacteria. However, as there is insufficient evidence available on the effectiveness of these antibiotics for the management of ESBL‐producing enterobacterial infections, further large‐scale prospective studies are needed.
Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID­‐19
Authors: Xiong Xiali , Wei Hong , Zhang Zhihong , Chang Jing , Ma Xiaopeng , Gao Xiang , Chen Qiang , Pang Qiumei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of the infection of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID­‐19) has become a challenging public health threat worldwide. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID‐19 pneumonia. We report a case of a convalescing pregnant woman diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection 37 days before delivery in the third trimester. A live birth without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection was performed successfully via the vagina. The findings from our case indicate that there is no intrauterine transmission in this woman who developed COVID‐19 pneumonia in late pregnancy.
Prevalence of occult HBV infection in Western countries
Authors: Pisaturo Mariantonietta , Onorato Lorenzo , Russo Antonio , Coppola Nicola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to a lack of standardized tests, it is difficult to obtain prevalence data and define the real impact of occult HBV infection (OBI) in Western countries. The present review article addresses the prevalence of OBI, defined as presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in liver tissue or plasma in HBsAg‐negative subjects, in Western countries. This varies in different studies according to the different methodologies used (based on serology vs virology), to the sample analyzed for the diagnosis (liver tissue vs plasma), to the different populations studied, to the different geographical variations in the HBV spread, to the host characteristics (age, gender, risk factors for acquiring HBV infection) and to the presence of other parenteral infections (hepatitis C virus and/or human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infections). Considering the different liver diseases analyzed, that is in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis or advanced liver fibrosis, the prevalence of OBI ranges 4% to 38%. Considering the different populations studied, in the case of parenteral blood exposure it is about 45%, in patients with chronic hepatitis C it is estimated at about 52%, in HIV‐infected patients it ranges from 0% to 45%, in blood donors from 0% to 22.7% and in hemodialysis patients it ranges from 0% to 54%. In conclusion, OBI is a virological entity to be considered when performing the patient's evaluation for immunosuppressive diseases, liver pathologies, or for blood transfusions. Knowing the prevalence and clinical impact of OBI will allow better patient management.
High pATM is Associated With Poor Local Control in Supraglottic Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy
Authors: Bruine de Bruin Leonie , Schuuring Ed , de Bock Geertruida H. , Slagter‐Menkema Lorian , Mastik Mirjam F. , Noordhuis Maartje G. , Langendijk Johannes A. , Kluin Philip M. , van der Laan Bernard F.A.M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesMost early stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) are treated with radiotherapy. Discovery of new biomarkers are needed to improve prediction of outcome after radiotherapy and to identify potential targets for systemic targeted therapy. The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene plays a critical role in DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation.MethodsThe prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression of pATM, pChk2, and p53 were investigated in 141 patients with T1‐T2 LSCC curatively treated with external beam radiotherapy. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between expression levels of markers and local control.ResultsLocal control was significantly worse in cases with high levels of pATM (HR 2.14; 95% CI, 1.08–4.24; P = .03). No significant associations with local control were found for pChk2 and p53 expression. The association of high pATM expression with poor local control was only found for supraglottic LSCC (HR 10.9; 95% CI, 1.40–84.4; P = .02).ConclusionOur findings suggest a potential role for ATM in response to radiotherapy in early stage supraglottic LSCC and imply ATM inhibition as a possibility to improve response to radiotherapy.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130: 1954–1960, 2020
A branch‐and‐cut approach for the least cost influence problem on social networks
Authors: Günneç Dilek , Raghavan S. , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper studies a problem in the online targeted marketing setting called the least cost influence problem (LCIP) that is known to be NP‐hard. The goal is to find the minimum total amount of inducements (individuals to target and associated tailored incentives) required to influence a given population. We develop a branch‐and‐cut approach to solve this LCIP on arbitrary graphs. We build upon Günneç et al.'s novel totally unimodular (TU) formulation for the LCIP on trees. The key observation in applying this TU formulation to arbitrary graphs is to enforce an exponential set of inequalities that ensure the influence propagation network is acyclic. We also design several enhancements to the branch‐and‐cut procedure that improve its performance. We provide a large set of computational experiments on real‐world graphs with up to 155 000 nodes and 327 000 edges that demonstrates the efficacy of the branch‐and‐cut approach. This branch‐and‐cut approach finds solutions that are on average 1.87% away from optimality based on a test‐bed of 160 real‐world graph instances. We also develop a heuristic that prioritizes nodes that receive low influence from their peers. This heuristic works particularly well on arbitrary graphs, providing solutions that are on average 1.99% away from optimality. Finally, we observe that partial incentives can result in significant cost savings, over 55% on average, compared to the setting where partial incentives are not allowed.
Effects of network, tunneling, and interphase properties on the operative tunneling resistance in polymer carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJang‐Yin and Deng‐Zheng equations for electrical conductivity of polymer carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanocomposites (PCNT) are developed assuming the roles of networked CNTs, interphase, and tunneling regions. The developed models are coupled to formulate the operative resistance of a unit cell (Reff) induced by networked CNTs and tunneling region. The suggested equation is applied to calculate the operative resistance at dissimilar ranges of all parameters. In addition, the experimental measurements of conductivity for some samples are used to examine the predictability of the models. The models correctly predict the conductivity for various samples. Moreover, the parametric analyses demonstrate the sensible impacts of all parameters on the operative resistance justifying the suggested equation. A petite tunneling distance, wide tunnel, and poor polymer tunneling resistivity meaningfully deteriorate the operative resistance.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 5
Authors: Liu Zhenxiu , Zhou Lijuan , Yao Qiang , Liu Yaqian , Bi Xiaoyang , Huang Jiguang 
Published: April 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article Laboratory selection, resistance risk assessment, multi‐resistance, and management of Tetranychus urticae Koch to bifenthrin, bifenazate and cyflumetofen on cowpea by Zhenxiu Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5723.image
Metabolomic changes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes
Authors: Murley Alexander G. , Jones P. Simon , Coyle Gilchrist Ian , Bowns Lucy , Wiggins Julie , Tsvetanov Kamen A. , Rowe James B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Widespread metabolic changes are seen in neurodegenerative disease and could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring. They may also reveal disease mechanisms that could be a target for therapy. In this study we looked for blood-based biomarkers in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

Methods
Plasma metabolomic profiles were measured from 134 patients with a syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia n = 30, non fluent variant primary progressive aphasia n = 26, progressive supranuclear palsy n = 45, corticobasal syndrome n = 33) and 32 healthy controls.

Results
Forty-nine of 842 metabolites were significantly altered in frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes (after false-discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons). These were distributed across a wide range of metabolic pathways including amino acids, energy and carbohydrate, cofactor and vitamin, lipid and nucleotide pathways. The metabolomic profile supported classification between frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes and controls with high accuracy (88.1–96.6%) while classification accuracy was lower between the frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes (72.1–83.3%). One metabolic profile, comprising a range of different pathways, was consistently identified as a feature of each disease versus controls: the degree to which a patient expressed this metabolomic profile was associated with their subsequent survival (hazard ratio 0.74 [0.59–0.93], p = 0.0018).

Conclusions
The metabolic changes in FTLD are promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Further work is required to replicate these findings, examine longitudinal change, and test their utility in differentiating between FTLD syndromes that are pathologically distinct but phenotypically similar.
Trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity of six limonoids
Authors: Steverding Dietmar , Sidjui Lazare S. , Ferreira Éden Ramalho , Ngameni Bathelemy , Folefoc Gabriel N. , Mahiou-Leddet Valérie , Ollivier Evelyne , Stephenson G. Richard , Storr Thomas E. , Tyler Kevin M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSix limonoids [kotschyienone A and B (1, 2), 7-deacetylgedunin (3), 7-deacetyl-7-oxogedunin (4), andirobin (5) and methyl angolensate (6)] were investigated for their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities using bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and promastigotes of Leishmania major. Whereas all compounds showed anti-trypanosomal activity, only compounds 1–4 displayed anti-leishmanial activity. The 50% growth inhibition (GI50) values for the trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity of the compounds ranged between 2.5 and 14.9 μM. Kotschyienone A (1) was found to be the most active compound with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 10 μM and GI50 values between 2.5 and 2.9 μM. Only compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with MIC and GI50 values of 100 μM and 31.5–46.2 μM, respectively. Compound 1 was also found to show activity against intracellular amastigotes of L. major with a GI50 value of 1.5 μM. The results suggest that limonoids have potential as drug candidates for the development of new treatments against trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
Early‐Stage Lithospheric Foundering Beneath the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Full‐Wave Pn Tomography
Authors: Bao Xueyang , Shen Yang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe west‐east contrast of magmatism in northern Tibet suggests that the lithospheric root has been removed in the west, following continental collision that led to lithospheric thickening and removal, but not in the east where paradoxically larger convergence occurred. Here we show a full‐wave Pn tomography model for the eastern Tibetan Plateau, which reveals a high‐velocity layer beneath the Moho extending to 150‐km depth. The anomalously high velocities and its northward dipping top surface suggest a very depleted and cold mantle consistent with an underthrusted Precambrian Lhasa lithosphere. A high‐velocity column connects this layer to another high‐velocity layer below 190‐km depth, representing early‐stage removal of the Tibetan mantle lithosphere and its interaction with the underthrusted Indian lithosphere. The west‐east contrast is thus attributed to different stages of lithospheric removal, which may be controlled by varying angles of Indian subduction from the west to the east.