bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Population Structures of Tropical Freshwater Eels, Anguilla Marmorata, A. Bicolor Bicolor and A. Bengalensis Bengalensis, in the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Arai Takaomi , Taha Hussein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Freshwater eels, genus Anguilla, have a distinctive catadromous life history, which could be associated with certain oceanic current systems and offshore spawning sites. Thus, migration and dispersion patterns are believed to be important factors influencing the population structures of each species. Temperate eel species are well studied, while little research has been conducted on the tropical counterparts that comprise two-thirds of all eel species. The population structures of three tropical species, A. marmorata, A. bicolor bicolor and A. bengalensis bengalensis, which are distributed widely in the Indo-Pacific region, were explored by means of DNA sequence analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). This study found that A. bicolor bicolor had two genetically distinct populations, and these different populations co-occur geographically in the Indo-Pacific region, while A. marmorata and A. bengalensis bengalensis showed a panmictic-population structure in this region. The populations of A. bicolor bicolor were also found to have lower genetic variability than the populations of A. marmorata and A. bengalensis bengalensis. This study is the first to explore the population genetic structure of A. bengalensis bengalensis. The present results also suggest plausible dispersion and migration of these tropical species into their continental habitats.
Maternal Intake Restriction Programs the PKA-CREB Pathway to Regulate Energy Metabolism, CLOCK and mTOR Signals in the Skeletal Muscles of Goat Offspring
Authors: Zhou Xiaoling , Yan Qiongxian , Yang Hong , Ren Ao , He Zhixiong , Tan Zhiliang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe biological mechanism about that maternal undernutrition increases the metabolic disorder risk of skeletal muscles in offspring is less known. We hypothesize that maternal intake restriction influences metabolic signals in the skeletal muscles of offspring via a glucagon-mediated pathway. Twenty-four pregnant goats were assigned to the control (100% of the nutrients requirement) and restricted (60% of the control from pregnant days of 45 to 100) groups. Blood and longissimus thoracis muscle were sampled from dams, fetuses and kids in each group.ResultsIntake restriction reduced the total blood protein of dams and fetuses. Maternal restriction decreased the CREB1, CREBBP, PKA, BMAL1, AKT1, mTOR, and RPTOR mRNA expressions in the fetuses, reduced the CREBBP, NR1H3, DBP and PKA mRNA levels in the kids, but increased the PGC1α and TSC2 mRNA levels in the fetuses, while the mRNA expression of CLOCK and TSC2 genes was increased in the restricted kids. The protein expression of total PKA and phosphorylated PKA of the restricted fetuses and kids were downregulated, while the protein expression of total mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR were reduced in the restricted fetuses and kids. ConclusionsMaternal intake restriction regulated fat oxidation, protein synthesis, and circadian clock expression in the muscles of the offspring via the glucagon-mediated PKA-CREB pathway, which reveals a molecular pathway that maternal undernutrition leads to metabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in offspring.
Cervical Versus Vaginal, and Sublingual Misoprostol for Labor Induction at Term Parturient: a Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Dadashaliha Mahtab , Fallah Somayeh , Mirzadeh Monirsadat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The study will attempt to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intracervical misoprostol in comparison with intravaginal and sublingual for the induction of labor at term. Methods: three hundred term pregnancies requiring induction of labor were treated with 50μg of misoprostol intracervical, sublingual and vaginal. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups of 100. The dose was repeated every 4 hours until adequate uterine contraction and Bishop score were achieved. The duration of induction to delivery, time to active phase, the rate of delivery, and the need for cesarean section were compared in three groups. Additionally, labor course and side effects were recorded and analyzed.Results: Labor was successfully induced in all cases, most (63%) of which required a single dose of misoprostol. Ninety-three (93.0%) cervical patients proceeded to spontaneous vaginal delivery, also this figure was the same in the vaginal and sublingual group 83 (83.0%), The other 41 cases received cesarean delivery with more indications failure to progress and meconium-stained liquor. The results showed that 278 (92.7%) deliveries were achieved in less than 10 hours. Time from start of medication to the active phase of labor and delivery were 3.01 ± 0.86 and 6.1 ± 1.3 hours in the Cervical group, 4.2 ± 0.66 and 8.4 ± 0.92 hours in the sublingual group, and 5.06 ± 1.1 and 9.2 ± 1.5 hours in the vaginal group respectively (p<0.001). Cesarean rate was lower in the cervical group than the two other groups (p=0.05). No significant differences were observed between the study groups in terms of Apgar score and meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Moreover, no maternal and neonatal complication were seen.Conclusion: In addition to the sublingual and intravaginal routes of administration, intracervical misoprostol at a single dose of 50μg appears to be an effective method for induction of labor in women with an unfavorable cervix. Similar to all medical interventions, a discussion of the risks, benefits, and alternatives to induction of labor with this medication in each individual woman should be undertaken prior to treatment. Trial registration: This clinical study was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the IRCT ID: IRCT20190415043278N1, Registration and approval date was 2019-05-13 and 2019-05-27 respectively.
Effects&nbsp;of&nbsp;miR-92a-3P,&nbsp;Oxidative&nbsp;Stress,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the MAPK/NF-κB&nbsp;Pathway&nbsp;on&nbsp;Catheter-Related&nbsp;Thrombosis Prevention After Resistance&nbsp;Exercise
Authors: Wen Cui , Ying Yanping , Zhao Huihan , Jiang Qingjuan , Gan Xiao , Wei Yan , Wei Jiani , Huang Xinxin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: MiR-92a-3p and oxidative stress are associated with catheter-related thrombosis (CRT). As a kind of physical intervention, resistance exercise can effectively promote blood circulation. In this study, we investigated the roles of miR-92a-3p, oxidative stress, and the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB (MAPK/NF-κB) pathway on CRT during resistance exercise. Methods: The rat CRT model was used for resistance exercise intervention. Moreover, pathological changes from the right jugular vein to the right auricle were observed under an electron microscope. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, and heme oxygenase (HO-1) level in rat serum were detected via ELISA. Furthermore, expression levels of miR-92A-3p and HO-1 in the vascular tissues of the rats were detected via real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, expression levels of HO-1, NF-κB P65, p38MAPK, and IκBa in the venous tissues of the rats were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results: Thrombosis incidence rate in CRT+RE group was lower than that in CRT group. In the thrombosis model, markers related to oxidative stress and miR-92a-3p increased. After administering the resistance exercise intervention, ROS production and MDA activity significantly decreased, the expression level of HO-1 increased, and the expression level of miR-92A-3p in the vascular tissues significantly decreased. The levels of p38MAPK and NF-κB p65 significantly decreased but that of IκBa significantly increased. Conclusion: Resistance exercise intervention downregulated miR-92a-3p expression, repaired oxidative stress injury, and prevented CRT formation.
Severe Ophthalmic Involvement in Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome; a Potentially Blinding Disease
Authors: Mohebbi Masoumeh , ghahvehchian hossein , Aghamohammadi asghar , Hashemi Hassan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To describe clinical and flow cytometry findings of an unusual case of hyper immunoglobulin E syndrome with severe ophthalmic involvements. Method: A Case report.Report: A 13-year-old boy was reported with infectious dermatitis, dental sinus with positive Actinomyces israelii culture, severe blepharitis, follicular conjunctivitis, and dysmorphic, vascularized cornea with no light perception visual acuity in both eyes. In immunophenotyping with the flow cytometry, a decrease in T-cell markers (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7) was prominent. CD34 and CD117, hematopoietic stem cell, and circulating progenitor cell markers were negative.Conclusion: This is the first known reported case of flow cytometry findings, especially the lack of CD34+ and CD114+ cells in hyper immunoglobulin E patient with severe anterior and posterior segment involvement. Proper antimicrobial interventions are important in infectious flare-ups.
Microstructure and Properties of Ultrasonic Assisted Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu Solder Joint S Under Thermal Cycling
Authors: Cui Jianguo , Zhang Keke , Zhao Di , Pan Yibo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Through ultrasonic wave assisted Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu(x=0, 0.05, 0.1) soldering test and -40~125℃ thermal shock test, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu solder joints under thermal cycling were studied by the SEM, EDS andXRD. The results show that the Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu solder joints with high quality and high reliability can be obtained by ultrasonic assistance. During the thermal cycling process, the shear strength of ultrasonic-assisted Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu solder joints had a linear relationship with the thickness of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC). The addition of an appropriate amount of Ni could inhibit the excessive growth of IMC, improve the shear strength of solder joints and improve the reliability of solder joints. Under the condition of 1000 cycles of thermal cycling, the thickness and roughness of IMC of the solder joints with 0.05 wt.% Ni were the smallest, and the shear strength of the solder joints was 19.8 MPa, which was 28.6% higher than that of the solder joints without Ni.The interfacial IMC layer of ultrasonic-assisted Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu solder joints consisted of (Cu,Ni) 6Sn5 and Cu3Sn. In the thermal cycling, the thickness of interfacial IMC of ultrasonic-assisted Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu solder joints was linearly related to the square root of equivalent time. The growth of interfacial IMC of ultrasonic-assisted Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu solder joints had an incubation period, and the growth of IMC was slow within 300 cycles. And after 300 cycles, the IMC grew rapidly, the granular IMC began to merge, the thickness and roughness of IMC increased obviously, the defects such as microcracks and microvoids began to appear, and the shear strength of the solder joints decreased rapidly.The fracture mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RExNi/Cu solder joints changed from the ductile-brittle mixed fracture in the solder/IMC transition zone to the brittle fracture in the interfacial IMC.
Self-Synergistic Effect of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Driving Photothermal Therapy and Reducing Hyperthermia-induced Side Effects
Authors: Xie Xue , Gao Wei , Hao Junnian , Wu Jianrong , Cai Xiaojun , Zheng Yuanyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundsPhotothermal therapy (PTT) inducing localized hyperthermia to kill cancer cells has attracted wide attention in cancer therapy. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photothermal therapy (PTT) may cause irreversible damage to healthy tissues around the tumor. Simultaneously, hyperthermia can stimulate inflammatory response, thus promoting tumor recurrence and metastasis. How to reduce the undesired side effects remains to be an inevitable problem for the further development of photothermal therapy.ResultsThe spherical mesoporous PBs with uniform size was prepared by an effective hydrothermal method. The yielded PBs exhibits good dispersion and stability in saline with an average hydrodynamic size of about 110 nm. The prepared PBs has a high photothermal conversion efficiency and photothermal stability. Meanwhile, PBs shows the intrinsic ROS scavenging properties (•OH, •OOH, and H2O2) in vitro. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of PBs have also been evaluated in vivo. Moreover, the toxicity assessment and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing ability show that PBs could not induce an inflammatory response. H&E-staining tissue of major organs show no significant damage, indicating that the good biocompatibility and safety of PBs in vivo. These intrinsic functions of PBs may achieve efficient PTT and simultaneously reduce the side effects induced by PTT.ConclusionThe designed single-component PBs with intrinsic properties simultaneously drive their photothermal-antioxidant effect and photothermal-anti-inflammatory effect to overcome the problem of inflammatory response and heat stress-induced ROS during PTT. The discovery of the inherent function of PBs not only promotes the further clinical translation of PBs, but also promotes the further development of PTT.
Comparison of Genomic Characterization in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Yang Kaiwei , Yu Wei , Liu Huanhuan , Ding Feng , Zhang Yanrui , Zhang Yun , Wang Wang , Lou Feng , Cao Shanbo , Wang Huina , He Zhisong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Different genomic characterization in urothelial carcinoma (UC) by site of origin, may imply contrasting therapeutic opportunities and pathogenetic mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the differences between upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) result from intrinsic biological diversity.Methods: We prospectively sequenced 118 tumors and matched blood DNA from Chinese UC patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, including 45 UTUC and 73 UCB.Results: There were marked disparities in the mutational landscape for UC according to race and site of origin. Signature 22 for exposure to aristolochic acid (AA) and signature 10 for defects in polymerase POLE were only observed in the UTUC cohort. Conversely, signature 6 for defective DNA mismatch repair only existed in the UCB cohort. Compared to UCB, UTUC had higher clonal (p<0.001) and subclonal mutation numbers (p=0.015). TP53, PIK3CA, and FGFR3 mutations may be the driver genes for UTUC, whereas for UCB, the driver gene may be BRCA1. UTUC patients had lower PD-L1 than UCB patients. There was no significant difference in the number of DDR mutations, copy number variation (CNV) counts, tumor mutational burden (TMB) or clinical actionability between UTUC and UCB.Conclusions: UTUC and UCB exhibit significant differences in the prevalence of common genomic landscape and carcinogenesis. Consequently, molecular subtypes differ according to location, and these results may have important implications for the site-specific management of patients with urothelial carcinoma. Mutational signature may be used as a screening tool to assist clinical differential diagnosis between UTUC and UCB.
Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Early-Onset vs Late-onset Colorectal Cancer according to Tumor Location
Authors: Chen Yongle , Chen Zexian , Huang Juanni , Hu Jiancong , He Xiaowen , Lan Ping , He Xiaosheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is rapidly increasing worldwide in decade when screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) is more prevalent. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of EOCRC have not yet been clarified. This study aims to evaluate clinicopathological and molecular features including status of deficiencies of mismatch repair (dMMR), mutation of PIK3CA, BRAF and KRAS among EOCRC and late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) patients according to different tumor locations.MethodsWe identified CRC patients from a prospectively maintained CRC database between January 2015 and December 2018 at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The clinicopathological and molecular characteristics including dMMR, mutation of PIK3CA, BRAF and KRAS were compared between EOCRC and LOCRC. The relationships according to different tumor locations were assessed.ResultsTotally 4468 patients, including 947 EOCRC patients and 3521 LOCRC patients, were analyzed in this study. Compared with LOCRC patients, EOCRC patients were more likely to have status of dMMR (odds ratio [OR], 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05-3.10; P<0.001), regardless of tumor location, so were loss of MSH2 and MSH6 (OR, 4.31; 95% CI, 2.86-6.48; P<0.001; OR, 3.40; 95% CI, 2.42-4.76; P<0.001, respectively). Loss of MLH1 and PMS2 were detected more frequently in EOCRC overall (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.55-2.87; P<0.001; OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.42-2.35; P<0.001, respectively), but only in left-side and right-side colon rather than in rectum. EOCRC patients were more likely to be detected with mutation of PIK3CA (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01-1.53; P=0.041), which only trended to exist in the left-side colon (OR, 1.51; CI, 0.98-2.33; P=0.06), but not in the right-side colon or rectum. No significant difference was found for BRAF or KRAS mutation, but mutation of KRAS was more frequently found in left-side colon (OR, 1.34; CI, 1.02-1.77; P=0.04) among EOCRC patients.Conclusions﻿Status of dMMR, mutation of PIK3CA, BRAF and KRAS were different between EOCRC and LOCRC patients according to different tumor locations, which implied that EOCRC might be a unique subgroup of CRC patients. Further investigations of molecular and genetic differences should be performed to help define new diagnosing and therapeutical strategies for EOCRC patients.
Leaf surface roughness measure based on shape from focus
Authors: Zhang Zeqing , Liu Fei , Zhou Zhenjiang , He Yong , Fang Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSurface roughness has a significant effect on leaf wettability, consequently influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of pesticide spraying application. Therefore, surface roughness measure of plant leaves is conducive to relevant researches. In order to characterize the surface roughness, present methods have to draw support from large apparatus, but they are generally high-cost and not portable enough for field measurement. Methods those instruments even have potentially inherent drawback such as absence of relation between pixel intensity and corresponding height for scanning electron microscope (SEM). ResultsAn imaging system with variable object distance is set up to capture images of plant leaves and a shape from focus (SFF) based method is proposed. These space-variantly blurred images are processed with the proposed algorithm to yield surface roughness of plant leaves. The algorithm mainly improves the current SFF method in image alignment, focus distortion correction, and NaN values introducing to make it applicative for precise 3d-reconstruction and surface roughness measure in small scale. ConclusionCompared with method via optical three-dimensional interference microscope, the proposed method preserves the overall topography of leaf surface and meanwhile achieves superior cost performance. Experiments on standard gauge blocks revealed the RMSE of step was approximately 4.44μm. Furthermore, the focus measure operator SML was supposed to perform best according to Friedman/Nemenyi test.
The vitamin D status is negatively correlated to glucose metabolism in Chinese patients with gestational diabetes
Authors: Zhang Jie , Lai Dong , Wu Wei , Cai Kedan , Zhu Caidan , Lu Di 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency plays a role in the development of patients with gestational diabetes (GDM). However, the effects and mechanism of vitamin D on fasting blood glucose are conflicting. This research aimed to explore the status of vitamin D in patients with GDM, its effect on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, and to clarify the possible mechanism of vitamin D on glucose metabolism of patients with GDM. Methods: From January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2018, we included all the hospitalized patients with GDM. The main indices were fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D], glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), fasting peptide (FPC), parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum creatinine (SCr), blood neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, blood calcium (Ca), and blood phosphorus (P), neutrophil count (Ne), lymphocyte count (Lym), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Results The mean 25(OH) D concentration of 33 patients with GDM was 21.40±10.68 ng/mL, among them, the patients with vitamin D insufficiency was 30.30% (10 cases), the patients with vitamin D deficiency was 60.61%(20 cases), the patients with normal vitamin D level was 9.1%(3 cases). Adjusted by age, gestational age, and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 25(OH)D concentration were negatively correlated to and FBG ( β = -0.587, p =0.001), HbA1c ( β = -0.408, p =0.018 ), respectively. There was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D concentrations and NLR ( β = -0.389, p = 0.035), adjusted by eGFR, gestational age, and age. Conclusions: The status of vitamin D deficiency in patients with GDM is common. With the decrease of 25(OH) D concentration, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c increase. 25(OH) D concentration is negatively correlated to NLR. Vitamin D may affect fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in patients with gestational diabetes by regulating inflammation.
GCKR Common functional polymorphisms are associated with metabolic syndrome and its components: a 10-year retrospective cohort study in Iranian adults
Authors: Zahedi Asiyeh Sadat , Akbarzadeh Mahdi , Sedaghati-khayat Bahareh , Seyedhamzehzadeh Atefeh , Daneshpour Maryam S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Previous studies reported that common functional variants (rs780093, rs780094, and rs1260326) in the glucokinase regulator gene (GCKR) were associated with metabolic syndrome despite the simultaneous association with the favorable and unfavorable metabolic syndrome components. We decided to evaluate these findings in a cohort study with a large sample size of Iranian adult subjects, to our knowledge for the first time. We investigated the association of the GCKR variants with incident MetS in mean follow-up times for nearly ten years.
Methods
Analysis of this retrospective cohort study was performed among 5666 participants of the Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetics Study (TCGS) at 19–88 years at baseline. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the metabolic syndrome (JIS criteria) association and its components with rs780093, rs780094, and rs1260326 in an additive genetic model. Cox regression was carried out to peruse variants' association with the incidence of metabolic syndrome in the TCGS cohort study.
Results
In the current study, we have consistently replicated the association of the GCKR SNPs with higher triglyceride and lower fasting blood sugar levels (p < 0.05) in Iranian adults. The CT genotype of the variants was associated with lower HDL-C levels. The proportional Cox adjusted model regression resulted that TT carriers of rs780094, rs780093, and rs1260326 were associated with 20%, 23%, and 21% excess risk metabolic syndrome incidence, respectively (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Elevated triglyceride levels had the strongest association with GCKR selected variants among the metabolic syndrome components. Despite the association of these variants with decreased fasting blood sugar levels, T alleles of the variants were associated with metabolic syndrome incidence; so whether individuals are T allele carriers of the common functional variants, they have a risk factor for the future incidence of metabolic syndrome.