bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of exposure-driven myelotoxicity of continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil by a semi-physiological pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model in gastrointestinal cancer patients
Authors: Arshad Usman , Ploylearmsaeng Su-arpa , Karlsson Mats O. , Doroshyenko Oxana , Langer Dorothee , Schömig Edgar , Kunze Sabine , Güner Semih A. , Skripnichenko Roman , Ullah Sami , Jaehde Ulrich , Fuhr Uwe , Jetter Alexander , Taubert Max 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To describe 5-fluorouracil (5FU) pharmacokinetics, myelotoxicity and respective covariates using a simultaneous nonlinear mixed effect modelling approach.

Methods
Thirty patients with gastrointestinal cancer received 5FU 650 or 1000 mg/m2/day as 5-day continuous venous infusion (14 of whom also received cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day). 5FU and 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil (5FUH2) plasma concentrations were described by a pharmacokinetic model using NONMEM. Absolute leukocyte counts were described by a semi-mechanistic myelosuppression model. Covariate relationships were evaluated to explain the possible sources of variability in 5FU pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Results
Total clearance of 5FU correlated with body surface area (BSA). Population estimate for total clearance was 249 L/h. Clearances of 5FU and 5FUH2 fractionally changed by 77%/m2 difference from the median BSA. 5FU central and peripheral volumes of distribution were 5.56 L and 28.5 L, respectively. Estimated 5FUH2 clearance and volume of distribution were 121 L/h and 96.7 L, respectively. Baseline leukocyte count of 6.86 × 109/L, as well as mean leukocyte transit time of 281 h accounting for time delay between proliferating and circulating cells, was estimated. The relationship between 5FU plasma concentrations and absolute leukocyte count was found to be linear. A higher degree of myelosuppression was attributed to combination therapy (slope = 2.82 L/mg) with cisplatin as compared to 5FU monotherapy (slope = 1.17 L/mg).

Conclusions
BSA should be taken into account for predicting 5FU exposure. Myelosuppression was influenced by 5FU exposure and concomitant administration of cisplatin.
Das Molekulare Tumorboard
Authors: Schickhardt Christoph , Horak Peter , Fröhling Stefan , Winkler Eva C. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Molekulare Tumorboards (MTBs) spielen eine wichtige Vorreiterrolle für die genombasierte Präzisionsmedizin. Aufgrund ihrer Neuartigkeit und Schnittstellenfunktion zwischen verschiedenen Disziplinen sowie zwischen Forschung und Klinik weisen MTBs relevante ethische, rechtliche und soziale Herausforderungen auf.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war die Darlegung der ethischen Herausforderungen des MTB und die Empfehlung von Lösungsansätzen für die Praxis.

Methoden
Zunächst werden die typischen Eigenschaften eines MTB in Grundzügen beschrieben. Daran anknüpfend werden die wichtigsten ethischen Herausforderungen des MTB auf Grundlage anerkannter Prinzipien der Medizin- und Forschungsethik analysiert und bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung
Das MTB hat eine klinische Funktion, aus der sich klinische Verantwortlichkeiten aller Beteiligten ergeben. Fragen der Verantwortlichkeiten und weitere Herausforderungen, u. a. bezüglich Evidenz, Aufklärung, Zusatzbefunden, Zugang, Schweigepflicht und „data sharing“, müssen im Zuge einer verantwortungsvollen Etablierung von MTB angegangen werden. Dabei sollen die hier gegebenen Praxisempfehlungen helfen.
Effect of sintering temperature on electrochemical performance of porous SrTi1-xFexO3-δ (x = 0.35, 0.5, 0.7) oxygen electrodes for solid oxide cells
Authors: Mroziński A. , Molin S. , Jasiński P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work evaluates the effects of the sintering temperature (800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C) of SrTi1-xFexO3-δ (x = 0.35, 0.5, 0.7) porous electrodes on their electrochemical performance as potential oxygen electrode materials of solid oxide cells. The materials were prepared by a solid-state reaction method and revealed the expected cubic perovskite structure. After milling, the powders were characterised by a sub-micrometre particle size with high sinter-activity. It was shown that the lowest area specific resistance was achieved after sintering SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3 electrodes at 1000 °C, and SrTi0.5Fe0.5O3 and SrTi0.30Fe0.70O3 electrodes at 800 °C, which can be considered to be a relatively low temperature. In general, EIS measurements showed that increasing the Fe content results in lowered electrode polarisation and a decrease of the series resistance. Even though the studied materials have much lower total conductivities than state-of-the-art electrode materials (e.g. (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3), the polarisation resistances obtained in this work can be considered low.
Impact of nutrients on photoacclimation of phytoplankton in an oligotrophic lake measured with long-term and high-frequency data: implications for chlorophyll as an estimate of phytoplankton biomass
Authors: Girdner Scott , Mack Jeremy , Buktenica Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChlorophyll measurements are commonly used to estimate phytoplankton biomass. However, phytoplankton readily acclimate to variations in light through a range of phenotypic responses, including major adjustments in chlorophyll pigmentation at the cellular level. The ratio of pigment chlorophyll to carbon concentration (Chl:C) is a commonly used metric in the oceanographic community to explore photoacclimation responses to varied light levels, yet is relatively rare in freshwater studies. Here we explore how nutrient variability impacted summertime Chl:C ratios of a natural phytoplankton community throughout the water column of a stratified oligotrophic lake. We utilized both long-term (18–24 years) and high-frequency (daily) data from Crater Lake, Oregon, a deep mountain lake with little anthropogenic disturbance. As expected, fluctuation in nutrients had a strong impact on phytoplankton particle density, primary productivity, light penetration, and water clarity. However, chlorophyll concentration did not register predictable changes even though the vertical location of the deep chlorophyll maximum was responsive to the overlying algal density. The impact of elevated nutrients on the Chl:C ratio was further complicated by upward shifts in chlorophyll distribution. The muted response of chlorophyll concentration to nutrients may be partially explained by variations in phytoplankton community composition or iron stress.
Occurrence of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the eastern cape province of South Africa
Authors: Farounbi Adebayo I. , Ngqwala Nosiphiwe P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEndocrine-disrupting compounds are attracting attention worldwide because of their effects on living things in the environment. Ten endocrine disrupting compounds: 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol, triclosan, atrazine, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole were investigated in four rivers and wastewater treatment plants in this study. Rivers were sampled at upstream, midstream and downstream reaches, while the influent and effluent samples of wastewater were collected from treatment plants near the receiving rivers. Sample waters were freeze-dried followed by extraction of the organic content and purification by solid-phase extraction. Concentrations of the compounds in the samples were determined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The instrument was operated in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The results showed that these compounds are present in the samples with nonylphenol > dichlorophenol > bisphenol A > triclosan > octylphenol > imidazole > atrazine > triazole > estrone > estradiol. Nonylphenol has its highest concentration of 6.72 μg/L in King Williams Town wastewater influent and 2.55 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Dichlorophenol has its highest concentration in Alice wastewater influent with 2.20 μg/L, while it was 0.737 μg/L in midstream Bloukrans River. Uitenhage wastewater effluent has bisphenol A concentration of 1.684 μg/L while it was 0.477 μg/L in the downstream samples of the Bloukrans River. Generally, the upstream samples of the rivers had lesser concentrations of the compounds. The wastewater treatment plants were not able to achieve total removal of the compounds in the wastewater while runoffs and wastes dump from the cities contributed to the concentrations of the compounds in the rivers.
Commercial glyphosate-based herbicides effects on springtails (Collembola) differ from those of their respective active ingredients and vary with soil organic matter content
Authors: Maderthaner Michael , Weber Maureen , Takács Eszter , Mörtl Mária , Leisch Friedrich , Römbke Jörg , Querner Pascal , Walcher Ronnie , Gruber Edith , Székács András , Zaller Johann G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are currently the most widely used agrochemicals for weed control. Environmental risk assessments (ERA) on nontarget organisms mostly consider the active ingredients (AIs) of these herbicides, while much less is known on effects of commercial GBH formulations that are actually applied in the field. Moreover, it is largely unknown to what extent different soil characteristics alter potential side effects of herbicides. We conducted a greenhouse experiment growing a model weed population ofAmaranthus retroflexusin arable field soil with either 3.0 or 4.1% soil organic matter (SOM) content and treated these weeds either with GBHs (Roundup LB Plus, Touchdown Quattro, Roundup PowerFlex) or their respective AIs (isopropylammonium, diammonium or potassium salts of glyphosate) at recommended dosages. Control pots were mechanically weeded. Nontarget effects were assessed on the surface activity of the springtail speciesSminthurinus niger(pitfall trapping) and litter decomposition in the soil (teabag approach). Both GBHs and AIs increased the surface activity of springtails compared to control pots; springtail activity was higher under GBHs than under corresponding AIs. Stimulation of springtail activity was much higher in soil with higher SOM content than with low SOM content (significant treatment x SOM interaction). Litter decomposition was unaffected by GBHs, AIs or SOM levels. We suggest that ERAs for pesticides should be performed with actually applied herbicides rather than only on AIs and should also consider influences of different soil properties.
Machine Learning Classification of Articular Cartilage Integrity Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Afara Isaac O. , Sarin Jaakko K. , Ojanen Simo , Finnilä Mikko A. J. , Herzog Walter , Saarakkala Simo , Korhonen Rami K. , Töyräs Juha 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Assessment of cartilage integrity during arthroscopy is limited by the subjective visual nature of the technique. To address this shortcoming in diagnostic evaluation of articular cartilage, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of NIRS, combined with machine learning techniques, to classify cartilage integrity.

Methods
Rabbit (n = 14) knee joints with artificial injury, induced via unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), and the corresponding contra-lateral (CL) joints, including joints from separate non-operated control (CNTRL) animals (n = 8), were used. After sacrifice, NIR spectra (1000–2500 nm) were acquired from different anatomical locations of the joints (nTOTAL = 313: nCNTRL = 111, nCL = 97, nACLT = 105). Machine and deep learning methods (support vector machines–SVM, logistic regression–LR, and deep neural networks–DNN) were then used to develop models for classifying the samples based solely on their NIR spectra.

Results
The results show that the model based on SVM is optimal of distinguishing between ACLT and CNTRL samples (ROC_AUC = 0.93, kappa = 0.86), LR is capable of distinguishing between CL and CNTRL samples (ROC_AUC = 0.91, kappa = 0.81), while DNN is optimal for discriminating between the different classes (multi-class classification, kappa = 0.48).

Conclusion
We show that NIR spectroscopy, when combined with machine learning techniques, is capable of holistic assessment of cartilage integrity, with potential for accurately distinguishing between healthy and diseased cartilage.
From Bush Mangoes to Bouillon Cubes: Wild Plants and Diet among the Baka, Forager-Horticulturalists from Southeast Cameroon
Authors: Gallois Sandrine , Heger Thomas , van Andel Tinde , Sonké Bonaventure , Henry Amanda G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIncreasing deforestation affects tropical forests, threatening the livelihoods of local populations who subsist on forest resources. The disappearance of wild plants and animals and the increasing influence of market economies affect local health, well-being, and diet. The impact of these changes on wild meat consumption has been well documented, but little attention has been given to wild edible plants, despite their importance as sources of calories and micronutrients. Furthermore, the relationships among food behavior strategies adopted by local populations, their psycho-cultural representations of food, and their food preferences have been poorly explored. In this study, we investigate food behaviors with an emphasis on the role of wild edible plants among a forager-horticulturalist society from the Congo Basin: the Baka. By combining an ethnobotanical survey with data from interviews (n = 536) related to food behaviors and representations of food, our data show that the Baka valorize both agricultural and marketable foods, and that wild plants represent a minor part of their diet, both in frequency and diversity. Finally, by examining how some wild edible plants have shifted from being eaten to being sold, we explore how market-oriented uses of wild edible plants may affect dietary behaviors and biocultural resilience.
Gesundheitliche Belastung von Armutsbetroffenen durch Beschämung und Abwertung vermeiden
Authors: Knecht Alban , Obermair Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen des Projektes „Gesundheitsförderung zwischen Wertschätzung und Beschämung – Gesundheitliche Belastungen von Armutsbetroffenen durch Abwertung und vorenthaltene Anerkennung vermeiden“ (Das Projekt wird vom Fond Gesundes Österreich der Gesundheit Österreich GmbH gefördert und läuft seit Mai 2019) entwickelt die österreichischeArmutskonferenzStrategien gegen Scham und Beschämung. Dazu wurden Beschämungserfahrungen erhoben sowie der Stand der Forschung zu Scham, Stigma, Diskriminierung und den gesundheitlichen Folgen in einem Bericht zusammengefasst (Weinberger 2018). Der zweite Teil des Projekts, der zusammen mit der BetroffenenorganisationPlattform Sichtbar Werdendurchgeführt wird, besteht in der partizipativen Erarbeitung von Gegenstrategien. Neben anderen Aktivitäten werden Armutsbetroffene in einem kurzen Training zu Multiplikatoren („Peers“) ausgebildet, die ihr Wissen zu Beschämung und Gegenstrategien in regionalen Workshops und den sozialen Einrichtungen, in denen sie wohnen oder die sie regelmäßig besuchen, an Betroffene weitergeben.
Active suspension in railway vehicles: a literature survey
Authors: Fu Bin , Giossi Rocco Libero , Persson Rickard , Stichel Sebastian , Bruni Stefano , Goodall Roger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the concept of active suspensions appeared, its large possible benefits has attracted continuous exploration in the field of railway engineering. With new demands of higher speed, better ride comfort and lower maintenance cost for railway vehicles, active suspensions are very promising technologies. Being the starting point of commercial application of active suspensions in rail vehicles, tilting trains have become a great success in some countries. With increased technical maturity of sensors and actuators, active suspension has unprecedented development opportunities. In this work, the basic concepts are summarized with new theories and solutions that have appeared over the last decade. Experimental studies and the implementation status of different active suspension technologies are described as well. Firstly, tilting trains are briefly described. Thereafter, an in-depth study for active secondary and primary suspensions is performed. For both topics, after an introductory section an explanation of possible solutions existing in the literature is given. The implementation status is reported. Active secondary suspensions are categorized into active and semi-active suspensions. Primary suspensions are instead divided between acting on solid-axle wheelsets and independently rotating wheels. Lastly, a brief summary and outlook is presented in terms of benefits, research status and challenges. The potential for active suspensions in railway applications is outlined.
Provider-Guided Emergency Support for Persons Living With Type 1 Diabetes During Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria
Authors: Dimentstein Karen , Leyva Jordán Carlos Alberto , Ponder Stephen W. , Matheson Della Lorraine , Sosenko Jay M. , Espinel Zelde , Shultz James M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe 2017 Atlantic hurricane season was especially memorable for 3 major hurricanes—Harvey, Irma, and Maria—that devastated population centers across Texas, Florida, and Puerto Rico, respectively. Each storm had unique hazard properties that posed distinctive challenges for persons living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Diabetes care specialists and educators took on leadership roles for coordinating care and establishing insulin supply lifelines for people with T1D living in the hardest-hit neighborhoods affected by these extreme storms. Strategies and resources were customized for each population. Diabetes specialists strategized to provide mutual support and shared insulins and supplies across sites.
Voting at 16: Does lowering the voting age lead to more political engagement? Evidence from a quasi-experiment in the city of Ghent (Belgium)
Authors: Stiers Dieter , Hooghe Marc , Dassonneville Ruth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile youth suffrage is widely debated, the causal effects of being eligible to vote on adolescents' political attitudes are less well known. To gain insights into this question, we leverage data from a real-life quasi-experiment of voting at 16 in the city of Ghent (Belgium). We compare the attitudes of adolescents that were entitled to vote with their peers that just fell below the age cut-off. We also examine the effects of the enfranchisement at 18-years-old. While we find an effect of youth enfranchisement on attention to politics, there is no evidence for an effect of enfranchisement on political engagement overall.
A multi-centre, prospective epidemiological surveillance study considering ophthalmic complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Burgess S , Foulds J , White P , Foot B , MacEwen C 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective, epidemiological British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit study into ophthalmic complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery aimed to determine the minimum incidence, presenting features and management throughout the UK.MethodsCases of ophthalmic complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, between February 2016 and February 2018, were identified through the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit reporting card system. Reporting ophthalmic consultants were sent an initial questionnaire, followed by a second questionnaire at six months.ResultsTwenty-six cases of ophthalmic complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery were reported. The majority (16 cases (62 per cent)) had limitations of ocular motility at presentation. The most common final diagnosis was rectus muscle (33 per cent) and nasolacrimal duct trauma (27 per cent). Using national data, this study reports a minimum incidence of ophthalmic complications of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the UK of 0.2 per cent over two years.ConclusionIn terms of ophthalmic complications, functional endoscopic sinus surgery is shown to be safe. Ophthalmic complications are rare, but when they do occur, they commonly result in rectus muscle trauma, often requiring surgical intervention.
Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for schizophrenia or all non-affective psychoses
Authors: King Michael , Jones Rebecca , Petersen Irene , Hamilton Fiona , Nazareth Irwin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmoking tobacco is regarded as an epiphenomenon in patients with schizophrenia when it may be causal. We aimed to examine whether smoking status is related to the onset of schizophrenia or the broader diagnosis of non-affective psychosis, including schizophrenia.MethodsWe used data from The Health Improvement Network primary care database to identify people aged 15–24 between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2009. We followed them until the earliest of: first diagnosis of schizophrenia (or psychosis), patient left the practice, practice left THIN, patient died or 31 December 2014.ResultsIn men, incidence rates for schizophrenia per 100 000 person years at risk were higher in smoking initiators (non-smoker who became a smoker during the study) than in non-smokers (adjusted IRR 1.94; 95% CI 1.29–2.91) and higher still in smokers (adjusted IRR 3.32; 95% CI 2.67–4.14). Among women, the incidence rate of schizophrenia was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (adjusted IRR 1.50; 95% CI 1.06–2.12), but no higher in smoking initiators than non-smokers. For non-affective psychosis, the pattern was similar for men but more evident in women where psychosis incidence rates were higher in smoking initiators (adjusted IRR 1.90; 95% CI 1.40–2.56) and in smokers (adjusted IRR 2.13; 95% CI 1.76–2.57) than in non-smokers.ConclusionsWe found an important and strong association between smoking and incidence of schizophrenia. Smoking may increase risk through as yet unknown pathways or smoking may share genetic risk with schizophrenia and non-affective psychoses.
On minimal Ramsey graphs and Ramsey equivalence in multiple colours
Authors: Clemens Dennis , Liebenau Anita , Reding Damian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor an integerq⩾ 2, a graphGis calledq-Ramsey for a graphHif everyq-colouring of the edges ofGcontains a monochromatic copy ofH. IfGisq-Ramsey forHyet no proper subgraph ofGhas this property, thenGis calledq-Ramsey-minimal forH. Generalizing a statement by Burr, Nešetřil and Rödl from 1977, we prove that, forq⩾ 3, ifGis a graph that is notq-Ramsey for some graphH, thenGis contained as an induced subgraph in an infinite number ofq-Ramsey-minimal graphs forHas long asHis 3-connected or isomorphic to the triangle. For suchH, the following are some consequences.For 2 ⩽r<q, everyr-Ramsey-minimal graph forHis contained as an induced subgraph in an infinite number ofq-Ramsey-minimal graphs forH.For everyq⩾ 3, there areq-Ramsey-minimal graphs forHof arbitrarily large maximum degree, genus and chromatic number.The collection$\{\mathcal M_q(H) \colon H \text{ is 3-connected or } K_3\}$forms an antichain with respect to the subset relation, where$\mathcal M_q(H)$denotes the set of all graphs that areq-Ramsey-minimal forH.We also address the question of which pairs of graphs satisfy$\mathcal M_q(H_1)=\mathcal M_q(H_2)$, in which caseH1andH2are calledq-equivalent. We show that two graphsH1andH2areq-equivalent for evenqif they are 2-equivalent, and that in generalq-equivalence for someq⩾ 3 does not necessarily imply 2-equivalence. Finally we indicate that for connected graphs this implication may hold: results by Nešetřil and Rödl and by Fox, Grinshpun, Liebenau, Person and Szabó imply that the complete graph is not 2-equivalent to any other connected graph. We prove that this is the case for an arbitrary number of colours.