bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of alternative additives in the polymer composite systems used in automotive industry
Authors: Ondrušová D , Labaj I , Vršková J , Pajtášová M , Zvoláneková Mezencevová V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the application of alternative waste-based fillers from industry into two various types of polymer composite systems used in the automotive industry. The first type of alternative filler (GW) was obtained by treating the waste from the glass production. It was applied to the multi-component polymer matrix consisting of phenolic and melamine resin and nitrile rubber commonly used in the friction composite system for clutch facing production. Another type of alternative filler (EG) has been obtained from energetics where it is produced as a by-product of flue gas desulfurization. This type of filler was mixed into elastomeric composite system for tire production as a substitution of commonly used carbon black filler. The specific surface area of various fractions of alternative fillers used was determined and the influences of this fillers parameter on the rheology and vulcanization characteristics, as well as physical and mechanical properties of two types of newly prepared polymer systems have been investigated.
The influence of corrosion of TiO2 films on their surface properties
Authors: Pagáčová J , Papučová I , Šulcová J , Plško A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The work deals with the influence of TiO2 films corrosion in distilled water on the surface properties of TiO2 films. Films were prepared from the sol in “Ti(i-PrO)4 - IPA - H2O - HNO3” system by dip-coating technique. The surface properties of films were observed using atomic force microscopy and sessile drop method. The morphology and rms-roughness of prepared films were evaluated. On the basis of Fowkes method, the contact angles of films, using distilled water and diiodomethane, were used for determination of surface free energy and its polar and dispersion components. The given surface properties of TiO2 films were compared from the aspect of their preparation temperature (200, 300 and 400 °C) as well as corrosion in water. It was observed, that the film preparation temperature did not have noticeable influence on studied surface properties for non-corroded films. The influence of corrosion was observed only for films prepared at temperature of 300 °C and 400 °C. The corrosion in water influenced the morphology of film surface, increased the roughness, contact angle for water as well as the value of dispersion component of surface free energy.
The influence of corrosion of inorganic-organic films on their surface properties
Authors: Papučová I , Pagáčová J , Plško A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The work deals with the influence of water corrosion on the surface properties of inorganic-organic SiO2 films, which were prepared from the sols in “tetraethoxysilane-isopropyl alcohol-water-nitric acid-triethoxy(octyl)silane” system. The atomic force microscopy and sessile drop technique was used on the characterization of surface properties. The morphology, rms-roughness, adhesion force and stiffness of prepared films were evaluated. Surface free energy and its polar and dispersion component were calculated by Owens-Wendt method using contact angles of distilled water and diiodomethane. The influence of corrosion on all of the studied properties of films was significant in the case of films prepared from sol with molar ratio of x(H2O) : x(SiO2) = 2.
Surface properties of non-black fillers
Authors: Skalková P , Dubec A , Pagáčová J , Krmela J , Martinec J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This work was focused on characterization of surface properties of various types of silica used for elastomers. The influence of temperature and length of degassing on the resulting specific surface of silica was studied. Eight types of precipitated and pyrogenic silica samples were investigated in terms of surface characteristics as specific surface, porosity and morphology that directly affects these properties. For characterization was performed using sorption methods, scanning electron microscopy and IR spectroscopy. From the results of the analyzes it was found that the properties of precipitated and pyrogenic silica differ significantly in terms of particle size, structure, porosity and size of specific surfaces. The degassing temperature and time largely influence the behavior of nitrogen adsorption and hence the measurement results.
Glass surface modification using diffusion coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD)
Authors: Šulcová J , Papučová I , Janík R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the surface modification of the glass substrates using diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD). The changes of surface properties after modification with plasma discharge were observed in time. During eight days, contact angles were measured by the method of sessile drop, using distilled water and diiodomethane as testing liquids. The surface free energy and its polar and dispersion component were calculated using Fowkes method. The morphology and rms-roughness of modificated substrates were evaluated, using atomic force microscopy. The effect of modification by plasma discharge on the observed surface properties is the most noticeable immediately after modification. After 3 days, the observed surface properties of the modified surface are comparable to the unmodified surface.
Pre-clinical testing of different implant structures in animal subjects
Authors: Mitrík L , Trebuňová M , Hudák R , Schnitzer M , Živčák J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a methodology of preclinical animal testing in case studies for implants with PEEK material and its derivatives with possible use for other materials. In the theoretical part, the study deals with the analysis of the current situation in the area of preclinical animal testing, especially in the field of implantology. Based on this analysis, the test implant structures were prepared at the workplace, which were subsequently inserted into appropriate rabbit individuals by surgical intervention in case studies. These case studies serve to create a comprehensive test methodology for animal preclinical tests within a statistically relevant animal sample for the needs of subsequent clinical testing and certification of the biomaterial used. These studies confirmed that the proportion of ceramic admixture elements in PEEK promoted the growth of bone tissue.
Influence of aberrations and roughness on the chromatic confocal signal based on experiments and wave-optical modeling
Authors: Claus Daniel , Nizami Moaaz Rauf 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the effect and influence of wave optical aberrations and surface roughness on the chromatic confocal signal and resulting measurement errors. Two possible approaches exist for implementing chromatic confocal imaging based on either refraction or diffraction. Both concepts are compared and an expression for the expected chromatic longitudinal aberrations when using a diffractive optical element is derived. Since most chromatic confocal sensors are point sensors, the discussion on wave-optical aberrations is focused on spherical aberrations. Against common belief, the effect of spherical aberrations cannot be eliminated in the calibration process using for instance a piezo mounted mirror. It will be shown in the following that even a diffraction limited system with peak to valley spherical aberration smaller than 0.25 wavelength suffers from measurement errors. Experimental results will be shown to highlight this important issue. In order to develop a deeper understanding of the underlying physics, a wave-optical simulation environment has been realized. This wave-optical model furthermore enables the investigation of the influence of roughness. Herethereto the correct choice of numerical aperture when investigating a rough surface is based on a heuristic approach. Using the wave-optical simulations an explanation for the increased noise when employing a low numerical aperture to examine rough surfaces will be derived. Furthermore, a formula is presented to support the selection of the correct numerical aperture with regards to the roughness parameters of the surface under investigation.
Observation of nm-thin spinterface-like structures in few walled carbon nanotubes by pyrolysis of sulfur/ferrocene mixtures
Authors: Odunmbaku O , Taallah A , Sameera I , Wang S , Boi F S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The observation of rehybridized monolayer interfacial phases between graphene-like systems and monoatomic metal phases (spin-interfaces or spinterfaces) has recently attracted significant attention. Spinterface materials result from chemical interaction between a graphene-based material and the chosen ferromagnetic metal at the atomic level. Despite the significant amount of research, controlled observation of spinterface inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been elusive. Recent works have however reported evidence of monoatomic-iron- diffusion within the graphene walls of CNTs produced by pyrolysis of ferrocene/sulfur mixtures. In this work we demonstrate that formation of these interfacial nm-thin Fe-based superstructures is observable only when certain critical quantities of sulfur are pyrolyzed in a ferrocene vapour (i.e. 2.5 mg to 4 mg). For lower quantities of this precursor (0.4 mg) or with vapour flow rates higher than 11 ml min−1 no spinterface-nucleation could be probed. By employing complementary TEM, HRTEM, STEM and XPS methods we suggest that the concentration of sulfur can play a critical role in allowing the uniform nucleation of spinterface structures inside CNTs.
Near term carbon tax policy in the US Economy: limits to deep decarbonization
Authors: Roth Michael Buchdahl , Adams Peter J , Jaramillo Paulina , Muller Nicholas Z 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper explores carbon dioxide (CO2) tax policies from 2015 to 2030 in the United States economy using an energy system least-cost optimization model. We report limited near-term decarbonization opportunities outside of the electricity sector, which results in substantial CO2 tax revenue through 2030. Second, because the social cost of carbon is uncertain, we find asymmetric deadweight loss from implementing mistakenly high or low CO2 taxes, providing efficiency-based support for the precautionary principle. Third, despite CO2 reductions occurring mainly in the electric sector, the abatement estimated herein is consistent with the US nationally determined contributions established under the Paris Agreement.
Faecal microbiota transplantation as a home therapy to frail older people
Authors: Jørgensen Simon Mark Dahl , Rubak Tone Maria Mørck , Damsgaard Else Marie , Dahlerup Jens Frederik , Hvas Christian Lodberg 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of antibiotics-associated diarrhoea. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective for recurrent CDI and may be provided as a home treatment to frail, older people.

Methods
We present four consecutive patients with recurrent CDI, treated at home using nasojejunal tube-delivered or encapsulated donor faeces. The primary outcome was combined clinical resolution and a negative CD toxin test 8 weeks post-treatment.

Results
All four patients had severe CDI and all improved clinically following one FMT. Sustained resolution following one FMT was observed in one patient. Two patients had recurrence and received a second FMT using capsules; both achieved resolution. One patient who had recurrence declined from further FMT due to fear of relapse and was established on long-term vancomycin. No adverse events related to FMT were observed.

Conclusion
Frail older people may benefit from FMT. Home treatment is a viable option and may be considered both for clinical cure and for palliation.
Urbanization is associated with increased breeding rate, but decreased breeding success, in an urban population of near-threatened African Crowned Eagles
Authors: Muller Rebecca , Amar Arjun , Sumasgutner Petra , McPherson Shane C , Downs Colleen T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Urban areas can be attractive to certain species because of increased food abundance and nesting availability, which in turn may increase productivity or breeding rates. However, there are also potential costs associated with urban living such as higher nest failure, poorer body condition, or increased prevalence of disease. These costs may result in species trading off the number of young produced against the condition of their young. African Crowned Eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) are a rare example of large, powerful apex predators that breed in some urban areas in Africa. In this study, we explored the breeding performance of these eagles across an urbanization gradient in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, over 7 breeding seasons. We predicted that living in an urban environment would increase productivity through an increase in breeding rate (shifting from typically biennial breeding to annual breeding). We then explored if there were any hidden costs associated with such a change in breeding strategy by examining the body condition of chicks from pairs that had successfully bred in the previous year. We found that pairs in more urban areas were more likely to breed annually, resulting in higher breeding rates, but were also less likely to successfully fledge a chick (i.e. lower breeding success). These 2 contrasting responses counteracted each other and resulted in similar productivity across the urbanization gradient. For those eagles that bred in consecutive years, annual breeding did not appear to have a negative cost on chick condition. The switch to annual breeding is thought to be a response to improved or more constant food sources in urban areas, while higher failure rates might be because of increased nest disturbances from anthropogenic sources (e.g., vegetation clearing, development of industrial areas, human and car traffic). However, although urbanization negatively affected the breeding success of African Crowned Eagles, they are able to persist and thrive in this highly transformed environment, likely through an increased breeding rate.
Education, Training, Case, and Cause: A Descriptive Study of School Social Work
Authors: Forenza Brad , Eckhardt Betsy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
School social workers (SSWs) play a vital role in district-level education, but ambiguity within our collective understanding of school social work is a pervasive problem. Clarity of the SSW role is important for communities of place (schools), practice (SSWs), and circumstance (consumers of school social work). This research recruited and surveyed 52 SSWs in a focal state to contextualize their practice domains and professional capacity. Findings broadly pertain to the actual and idealized education and training of SSWs, as well as their case-level and cause/system-level job functions. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for policy, practice, and future research.
Evaluation of an Urban School-Based Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Health Professional Development and Consultation Model
Authors: Kaye Amy J , Pejic Vanja , Jordan Molly , Dennery Kristine M , DeMaso David R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSocial, emotional, and behavioral health challenges pose significant barriers to students’ academic success, yet teachers report that they do not feel equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to address these challenges in their classrooms. This article presents findings associated with the effectiveness of an innovative school-based behavioral health professional development and consultation model designed to address this need for urban educators. Program evaluation results from school-based team members from five pilot schools over a two-year partnership period indicate that this model is highly used and valued by school staff, as well as perceived by school staff as effective in building the knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy to implement strategies and build systems in schools to address students’ social, emotional, and behavioral health needs. Progress monitoring data suggests that this learning is translating to actual systemic change in schools based on school-based team members’ reports of progress toward goals specific to the behavioral health systems, procedures, and protocols at their schools. The findings highlight the implications for school-based consultants and practitioners based on the promise of this model.
Restorative Practices for Empowerment: A Social Work Lens
Authors: Lustick Hilary , Norton Christine , Lopez Sonia Rey , Greene-Rooks Jennifer H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Studies demonstrate that preventive practices, including restorative practices and social and emotional learning, reduce the need for suspension. However, emerging findings suggest that preventive practices perpetuate the same rates of racial disproportionality in suspension as traditional disciplinary codes; evidence of persistent racial disproportionality appears in research on restorative practices. The purpose of this study was to examine, through interviews with teachers and students, the successes and challenges of implementing community-building circles with attention to equity and inclusion. Authors found that both teachers and students experience these practices as transformative when enough trust is established to share openly; however, more training is necessary for this to be consistent across schools and classrooms. Considering the lack of discussion of implicit bias and cultural responsiveness embedded in the restorative practice trainings these teachers received, authors argue that social work professionals and concepts—namely, empowerment theory—can support teacher training and implementation of community-building circles.
Children’s Perspectives on a School-Based Social and Emotional Learning Program
Authors: Medin Eva , Jutengren Göran 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Research has indicated that social and emotional learning (SEL) programs can offer benefits to students and school environments. However, students’ experiences of participation in such programs have not received as much attention. This focus group study describes elementary students’ (N = 23) experiences of and beliefs about participation in a school-based SEL program commonly used in Sweden, Life Skills Training. The results suggest questionable acceptability of the program by the students, indicating a clear belief that the school’s implementation of the program was due to their problematic behavior. Although students experienced the program content as predictable, consistent, and structured, there was great variation in their attitudes toward the program: Both strong negative and positive attitudes were revealed. The students also expressed discomfort with the personal nature of the discussions promoted by the program and uncertainty about its place in the school setting. These findings can inform SEL program implementation.
Influencing Social and Emotional Awareness and Empathy with a Visual Arts and Music Intervention for Adolescents
Authors: Mogro-Wilson Cristina , Tredinnick Lorin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Art and music create a powerful presence in the lives of youths. Skills gained from participating in the arts can better facilitate social and emotional learning (SEL) such as improving goal setting, increasing empathy, building relationships, and improving decision making. Connect with Kids, an SEL program that focuses on social and emotional skill building through the use of visual arts and music, was implemented in an urban high school in the Northeast. A total of 304 high school students participated in the study. Students from eight classrooms received the intervention (n = 143); students from another 10 classrooms (n = 161) comprised the comparison group and did not receive the intervention. The average youth was 14 years old, white, and female. Results indicated that the Connect with Kids program increased positive social and emotional behaviors among students compared with the comparison group. Examining the implications of the intervention advances gaps in the literature on SEL programs, supports integrating SEL programming on music and art in schools, and promotes continued program evaluation of unique SEL programming specifically for high school students.
Low Temperature Duration and Adult Rearing Regimes Affect Eclosion of Rhagoletis indifferens (Tephritidae: Diptera)
Authors: Neven Lisa G , Wakie Tewodros , Yee Wee L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWestern cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, is a quarantine pest of sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest of the United States that overwinters as diapausing pupae. Eclosion responses of R. indifferens puparia to different low temperature durations and postdiapause conditions affect the pest status of the fly. Here, we determined the effects of holding R. indifferens puparia at 3°C for 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wk on adult eclosion times and rates at two simulated temperate and two simulated tropical climate treatments over 40 wk. When puparia were chilled 0, 1, or 2 wk, adult eclosion across the four climate treatments displayed a bimodal distribution with low eclosion at 3 wk and high eclosion at 23–35 wk. When puparia were chilled ≤ 10 wk, there was a weaker bimodal distribution. However, when puparia were chilled 15–30 wk, eclosion was more synchronous and occurred at 5–7 wk across the four postchill climate treatments. Eclosion was greater at a postdiapause temperature of 26°C than 23°C. Timing to 50% eclosion was faster at longer photoperiod (16:8 L:D) than shorter (12:12 L:D). The bimodality of eclosion in respect to the duration of low temperature exposure may be indicative of univoltine insect species with obligate diapause that may span over two seasons.
Modified SEC III protocol: vertical control related to patients’ compliance with the chincup
Authors: Montinaro Federica , Nucci Ludovica , Carfora Marco , d’Apuzzo Fabrizia , Franchi Lorenzo , Perillo Letizia 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Objectives
To compare the short-term outcomes of modified SEC III protocol in growing patients in relation to their compliance with the chincup, matching them with an untreated Class III control group (CG).

Materials and Methods
Thirty-four patients (mean age of 8.6 ± 1.2 years) with Class III dentoskeletal malocclusion treated with the modified SEC III protocol and divided into group 1 (G1, 18 subjects), reporting good compliance and group 2 (G2, 16 subjects) not compliant with the chincup. The records were analysed before treatment (T1) and after the orthopaedic phase (T2), with an interval period of about 1.3 ± 0.5 years. The CG consisted of 16 untreated subjects with Class III dentoskeletal malocclusion (mean age of 8.3 ± 1.4 years). The statistical comparisons among the three groups were performed with ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests.

Results
Both G1 and G2, compared with CG, presented significant improvements in the sagittal skeletal relationships (ANB +2.5° and +2.5°, Wits +4.2° and +3.0°, respectively). G1 exhibited a significant more favourable control of vertical skeletal relationships when compared to G2 (Palatal Pl.–Mandibular Pl. −2.0°) that were associated with a statistically significant reduction of the gonial angle (ArGoMe −1.7°). Limitations of the study were its retrospective nature and the lack of evaluation of the long-term outcomes.

Conclusions
Both groups of treated patients showed favourable sagittal skeletal improvement compared with controls. The use of chincup in patients with good compliance produced significantly greater control of the skeletal vertical dimensions compared with patients not compliant with the chincup.