bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trachea and lung anatomy applied to clinical and surgical procedures in Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823)
Authors: Falcão Brunna Muniz Rodrigues , Vieira Ana Karoline Rocha , de Souza Joyce Galvão , Medeiros Gildenor Xavier , de Menezes Danilo José Ayres , dos Santos José Rômulo Soares 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the present study was to study the anatomy of the respiratory system of Sapajus libidinosus.MethodsTen corpses of adult animals were used. To analyze the bronchial tree, transparent acetic silicone was injected and then dissected.ResultsThe trachea presented a mean of 32 rings. These spaces were delimited for tracheostomy and tracheotomy between the 1st and 3rd ring or between the 9th and 11th ring, and for thoracocentesis at the 7th or 8th intercostal space. For tracheostomy and tracheotomy, the best access point was in the ventral region of the neck and transverse incision of the rings. For thoracocentesis, cranioventral insertion of the catheter is recommended in the 8th intercostal space.ConclusionsThe trachea and lung anatomy applied to clinical and surgical procedures the robust capuchin monkey is similar to both wild and domestic carnivores.
Poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid scaffold loaded with plasmid DNA encoding fibroblast growth factor‐2 promotes periodontal ligament regeneration of replanted teeth
Authors: Jiang Liming , Ding Zhenjiang , Xia Shang , Liu Yao , Lei Shuang , Zhong Ming , Chen Xu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) loaded with plasmid DNA encoding fibroblast growth factor‐2 (pFGF‐2) on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro and evaluated the ability of the PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold to promote periodontal ligament (PDL) regeneration in a beagle dog teeth avulsion animal model.BackgroundGrowth factor and scaffold play important roles in PDL regeneration. PLGA is a kind of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer that can be used as a carrier to deliver growth factors or genes. FGF‐2 can induce potent proliferative responses, promote cell migration and regulate the production of extracellular matrix. Therefore, a gene‐activated matrix composed of scaffold and genes is supposed to be a superior approach for promoting tissue regeneration.MethodsIn this study, PLGA and PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffolds were fabricated using electrospinning. The characterization of scaffolds was shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). dsDNA HS was used to test the plasmid release of PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold. The viability and proliferation of hPDLCs on the two kinds of scaffolds were evaluated by the CCK‐8 assay, and the expression of collagen I and scleraxis were analysed by RT‐qPCR. The roots of avulsed teeth were covered by the two types of scaffolds and replanted into the alveolar pockets in beagles. Haematoxylin‐eosin and Masson staining were used to evaluate the effects of PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold on promoting PDL regeneration.ResultsThe smooth and uniform fibres can be observed in both scaffolds, and the plasmids were randomly distributed in the PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold. dsDNA HS analysis demonstrated that the PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold released up to 123 ng pFGF‐2 over 21 days in a sustained manner without any obvious burst release. The PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold promoted the proliferation of hPDLCs and increased the expression levels of collagen I and scleraxis compared with PLGA scaffold. Animal experiments showed that more regular PDL‐like tissues and less root surface resorption occurred in the PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold group compared with the PLGA scaffold group.ConclusionsThe PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold promoted hPDLCs proliferation and facilitated periodontal ligament‐related differentiation. The PLGA/pFGF‐2 scaffold possesses excellent biological characteristics and could be used as a promising biomaterial for improving the treatment prognosis of replanted tooth.
Combined genotype and phenotype analyses reveal patterns of genomic adaptation to local environments in the subtropical oak Quercus acutissima
Authors: Gao Jie , Liu Zhi‐Long , Zhao Wei , Tomlinson Kyle W. , Xia Shang‐Wen , Zeng Qing‐Yin , Wang Xiao‐Ru , Chen Jin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of the demographic dynamics and environmental heterogeneity on the genomic variation of forest species is important, not only for uncovering the evolutionary history of the species, but also for predicting their ability to adapt to climate change. In this study, we combined a common garden experiment with range‐wide population genomics analyses to infer the demographic history and characterize patterns of local adaptation in a subtropical oak species, Quercus acutissima (Carruthers). We scanned approximately 8% of the oak genome using a balanced representation of both genic and non‐genic regions and identified a total of 55 361 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 167 trees. Genomic diversity analyses revealed an east–west split in the species distribution range. Coalescent‐based model simulations inferred a late Pleistocene divergence in Q. acutissima between the east and west groups as well as subsequent preglaciation population expansion events. Consistent with observed genetic differentiation, morphological traits also showed east–west differentiation and the biomass allocation in seedlings was significantly associated with precipitation. Environment was found to have a significant and stronger impact on the non‐neutral than the neutral SNPs, and also significantly associated with the phenotypic differentiation, suggesting that, apart from the geography, environment had played a role in determining non‐neutral and phenotypic variation. Our approach, which combined a common garden experiment with landscape genomics data, validated the hypothesis of local adaptation of this long‐lived oak tree of subtropical China. Our study joins the small number of studies that have combined genotypic and phenotypic data to detect patterns of local adaptation.
Changes in the promoter of a defender against apoptotic cell death gene affect its expression in upland cotton
Authors: Bao Ying , Mei Yu‐Qin , Xu Xin , Liu Ye , Wu Zhen‐Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe DAD1 (defender against apoptotic cell death) gene is a negative regulator of programmed cell death. It plays important roles in plant growth, development, environmental adaptation, and aging. We examined whether and how the expression of DAD1 gene is affected by the promoter changes in the allotetraploid upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). We compared the expression status of the genes in the leaves of an elite cultivar and a wild variety of G. hirsutum, and cloned and analyzed a 1.3‐kb promoter region of the genes in two cotton types. Results revealed that the expression of a subgenomic homoeolog of DAD1 (DAD1

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) was significantly upregulated in leaves of the cultivated cotton when compared with that in a wild cotton. In addition, we identified 18 variations, including 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms and four indels between the promoters of the two cotton types. We detected at least 10 of 18 variations in the promoters related to possible cis‐regulatory elements. Further transient tobacco assays using heterogeneous DAD1

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promoter::GUS fusion showed that the activity of the DAD1

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promoter in the cultivated cotton was stronger than that in the wild cotton, which suggested a dynamic change in the DAD1

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promoter during genetic divergence of the two cottons. This study provides an example of how gene expression could be affected by specific changes in the gene promoter.
The endothelial function biomarker soluble E‐selectin is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Simons Nynke , Bijnen Mitchell , Wouters Kristiaan A. M. , Rensen Sander S. , Beulens Joline W. J. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , ’t Hart Leen M. , Greve Jan Willem M. , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Brouwers Martijn C. G. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsPlasma soluble E‐selectin (sE‐selectin) is a frequently used biomarker of systemic endothelial dysfunction. The present study explored the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and plasma sE‐selectin levels.MethodsExpression of E‐selectin in liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and muscle was studied in relation to plasma sE‐selectin in severely obese individuals (n = 74). The course of hepatic E‐selectin expression in relation to hepatic steatosis and inflammation was examined in C57BL/6J LDLR−/− mice on a Western‐type diet. The relationship between biomarkers of NAFLD, that is, plasma aminotransferase (ALT) and NAFLD susceptibility genes (rs738409 [PNPLA3] and rs1260326 [GCKR]), and plasma sE‐selectin was studied in the combined CODAM (n = 571) and Hoorn (n = 694) studies.ResultsE‐selectin expression in liver, not VAT or muscle, was associated with plasma sE‐selectin in severely obese individuals (β = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.05‐0.47). NAFLD severity was associated with hepatic E‐selectin expression (P = .02) and plasma sE‐selectin (P = .003). LDLR−/− mice on a Western‐type diet displayed increased hepatic E‐selectin expression that followed the same course as hepatic inflammation, but not steatosis. In the CODAM study, plasma ALT was associated with plasma sE‐selectin, independent of potential confounders (β = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.16‐0.34). Both rs738409 and rs1260326 were associated with higher plasma sE‐selectin in the combined CODAM and Hoorn studies (P = .01 and P = .004 respectively).ConclusionsNAFLD and related markers are associated with higher expression of hepatic E‐selectin and higher levels of plasma sE‐selectin. Further studies are required to investigate the role of E‐selectin in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the applicability of sE‐selectin as a plasma biomarker of NAFLD/NASH.
Plant hemoglobins: a journey from unicellular green algae to vascular plants
Authors: Becana Manuel , Yruela Inmaculada , Sarath Gautam , Catalán Pilar , Hargrove Mark S. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryGlobins (Glbs) are widely distributed in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. They can be classified into proteins with 2/2 or 3/3 α‐helical folding around the heme cavity. Both types of Glbs occur in green algae, bryophytes and vascular plants. The Glbs of angiosperms have been more intensively studied, and several protein structures have been solved. They can be hexacoordinate or pentacoordinate, depending on whether a histidine is coordinating or not at the sixth position of the iron atom. The 3/3 Glbs of class 1 and the 2/2 Glbs (also called class 3 in plants) are present in all angiosperms, whereas the 3/3 Glbs of class 2 have been only found in early angiosperms and eudicots. The three Glb classes are expected to play different roles. Class 1 Glbs are involved in hypoxia responses and modulate NO concentration, which may explain their roles in plant morphogenesis, hormone signaling, cell fate determination, nutrient deficiency, nitrogen metabolism and plant–microorganism symbioses. Symbiotic Glbs derive from class 1 or class 2 Glbs and transport O2 in nodules. The physiological roles of class 2 and class 3 Glbs are poorly defined but could involve O2 and NO transport and/or metabolism, respectively. More research is warranted on these intriguing proteins to determine their non‐redundant functions.
Metabolic rewiring of synthetic pyruvate dehydrogenase bypasses for acetone production in cyanobacteria
Authors: Lee Hyun Jeong , Son Jigyeong , Sim Sang Jun , Woo Han Min 
Published: January 2020

SummaryDesigning synthetic pathways for efficient CO2 fixation and conversion is essential for sustainable chemical production. Here we have designed a synthetic acetate‐acetyl‐CoA/malonyl‐CoA (AAM) bypass to overcome an enzymatic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This synthetic pathway utilizes acetate assimilation and carbon rearrangements using a methyl malonyl‐CoA carboxyltransferase. We demonstrated direct conversion of CO2 into acetyl‐CoA‐derived acetone as an example in photosynthetic Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 by increasing the acetyl‐CoA pools. The engineered cyanobacterial strain with the AAM‐bypass produced 0.41 g/L of acetone at 0.71 m/day of molar productivity. This work clearly shows that the synthetic pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass (AAM‐bypass) is a key factor for the high‐level production of an acetyl‐CoA‐derived chemical in photosynthetic organisms.
Genotypic variation in source and sink traits affects the response of photosynthesis and growth to elevated atmospheric CO2
Authors: Fabre Denis , Dingkuhn Michael , Yin Xinyou , Clément‐Vidal Anne , Roques Sandrine , Soutiras Armelle , Luquet Delphine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to understand the response of photosynthesis and growth to e‐CO2 conditions (800 vs. 400 μmol mol−1) of rice genotypes differing in source–sink relationships. A proxy trait called local C source–sink ratio was defined as the ratio of flag leaf area to the number of spikelets on the corresponding panicle, and five genotypes differing in this ratio were grown in a controlled greenhouse. Differential CO2 resources were applied either during the 2 weeks following heading (EXP1) or during the whole growth cycle (EXP2). Under e‐CO2, low source–sink ratio cultivars (LSS) had greater gains in photosynthesis, and they accumulated less nonstructural carbohydrate in the flag leaf than high source–sink ratio cultivars (HSS). In EXP2, grain yield and biomass gain was also greater in LSS probably caused by their strong sink. Photosynthetic capacity response to e‐CO2 was negatively correlated across genotypes with local C source–sink ratio, a trait highly conserved across environments. HSS were sink‐limited under e‐CO2, probably associated with low triose phosphate utilization (TPU) capacity. We suggest that the local C source–sink ratio is a potential target for selecting more CO2‐responsive cultivars, pending validation for a broader genotypic spectrum and for field conditions.
Utilization and efficacy of palivizumab for children with Down syndrome
Authors: Kimura Takeshi , Takeuchi Masato , Kawakami Koji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPalivizumab is a prophylactic drug used for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children with high‐risk factors, such as prematurity and congenital heart diseases. Although Japan expanded the use of palivizumab for Down syndrome (DS) in 2013 regardless of additional high‐risk factors, there is not enough evidence to support its use. We analyzed health insurance claim data from the JMDC (Tokyo, Japan) to investigate the prescription pattern and efficacy of palivizumab in children with DS.MethodsWe enrolled children of ≤24 months of age with DS at the start of the RSV epidemic season (2007–2015). We compared the risk of RSV‐related admission with and without palivizumab prophylaxis using mixed effects logistic regression models accounting for patient‐level clustering.ResultsOf 632 children, 30% (81/268) and 83% (303/364) received palivizumab before and after the expanded program (2007–2012 and 2013–2015), respectively. Among children with DS but without additional high‐risk factors (n = 135), palivizumab use surged from 0% (0/62) to 73% (53/73). In the whole study population, RSV‐related hospitalization occurred in 4.2% (16/384) patients with prophylaxis and 6.0% (15/248) patients without prophylaxis. The multivariate analysis revealed that palivizumab was associated with reduced RSV‐related hospitalization (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.18–0.92, P = 0.03).ConclusionsVirtually all children with DS in Japan have now received palivizumab, the use of which was associated with a reduction in RSV‐related hospitalization in DS. Further evidence is required to clarify whether palivizumab prophylaxis should be risk‐tailored or universal for DS.
Changes in the mast cell distribution in the canine ovary and uterus throughout the oestrous cycle
Authors: Hamouzova Pavla , Cizek Petr , Bartoskova Alena , Vitasek Roman , Tichy Frantisek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is the first study describing the relation between the phase of the oestrous cycle and the number of mast cells (MCs) in the canine ovaries and uterine horns. The total number of MCs was counted in cortex ovarii, medulla ovarii, endometrium and myometrium. The number of MCs was compared in all of these areas among the bitches in the early follicular phase, luteal phase and anoestrus. MCs were the most numerous in the early follicular phase and in the luteal phase; however, they were significantly less numerous during anoestrus. Based on the results, it was concluded that the number of MCs in ovaries and uterine horns fluctuates during the oestrous cycle. The results of this study may contribute to clarifying the role of MCs in the reproductive organs of bitches.
Mycobacterial antigens accumulation in foamy macrophages in murine pulmonary tuberculosis lesions: Association with necrosis and making of cavities
Authors: Riaz Syeda Mariam , Bjune Gunnar Aksel , Wiker Harald G. , Sviland Lisbet , Mustafa Tehmina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding mechanisms of cavitation in tuberculosis (TB) is the missing link that could advance the field towards better control of the infection. Descriptions of human TB suggest that postprimary TB begins as lipid pneumonia of foamy macrophages that undergoes caseating necrosis and fragmentation to produce cavities. This study aimed to investigate the various mycobacterial antigens accumulating in foamy macrophages and their relation to tissue destruction and necrosis. Pulmonary tissues from mice with slowly progressive TB were studied for histopathology, acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) and presence of mycobacterial antigens. Digital quantification using Aperio ImageScope was done. Until week 12 postinfection, mice were healthy, and lesions were small with scarce AFB and mycobacterial antigens. Colony‐forming units (CFUs) increased exponentially. At week 16‐33, mice were sick, macrophages attained foamy appearance with an increase in antigens (P < .05), 1.5 log increase in CFUs and an approximately onefold increase in AFB. At week 37‐41, mice started dying with a shift in morphology towards necrosis. A >20‐fold increase in mycobacterial antigens was observed with only less than one log increase in CFUs and sevenfold increase in AFB. Secreted antigens were significantly (P < .05) higher compared to cell‐wall antigens throughout infection. Focal areas of necrosis were associated with an approximately 40‐fold increase in antigen MPT46, functionally active thioredoxin, and a significant increase in all secreted antigens. In conclusion, mycobacterial antigens accumulate in the foamy macrophages in TB lesions during slowly progressive murine pulmonary TB. Secreted antigens and MPT46 correlated with necrosis, thereby implying that they might trigger the formation of cavities.
Missing the Dictator? The Effect of the Image of Authoritarian Past on Support for Democracy in Latin America
Authors: Durán Iván M. , Trillas Francesc 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis article examines to what extent the image that individuals have about past authoritarian regimes affects citizens’ support for contemporary democracies.MethodsDrawing on the 2010 Latinobarómetro survey, we test whether the “deviation in evaluations” (i.e., the difference between the individuals’ evaluation of the present country economic situation and the individuals’ evaluation of the last authoritarian regime) affect support for democracy in Latin America.ResultsWe found that as the assessment of the last authoritarian government outperforms that of the present country economy, individuals are less likely to support democracy, and this effect is stronger for old people.ConclusionThis finding reveals important challenges for democratic consolidation: emerging democracies do not only have to display a good economic performance by themselves, but they also must prove to be better than previous authoritarian regimes.
Inverse identification of constitutive parameters from heat source fields: A local approach applied to hyperelasticity
Authors: Charlès Sylvain , Le Cam Jean‐Benoît 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new inverse identification method of constitutive parameters is developed from full kinematic and thermal field measurements. It consists in reconstructing the heat source field from two different approaches by using the heat diffusion equation. The first one requires the temperature field measurement and the value of the thermophysical parameters. The second one is based on the kinematic field measurement and the choice of a thermo‐hyperelastic model that contains the parameters to be identified. The identification is carried out at the local scale, ie, at any point of the heat source field, without using the boundary conditions. In the present work, the method is applied to the challenging case of hyperelasticity from a heterogeneous test. Due to large deformations undergone by the rubber specimen tested, a motion compensation technique is developed to plot the kinematic and the thermal fields at the same points before reconstructing the heterogeneous heat source field. In the present case, the constitutive parameter of the Neo‐Hookean model has been identified, and its distribution has been characterized with respect to the strain state at the surface of a cross‐shaped specimen.
Viral enteritis in intestinal transplant recipients
Authors: Servais Abigail M. , Keck Megan , Leick Mary , Mercer David F. , Langnas Alan N. , Grant Wendy J. , Vargas Luciano M. , Merani Shaheed , Florescu Diana F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntestinal transplant recipients (ITR) are at high risk for infections due to the high level of immunosuppression required to prevent rejection. There are limited data regarding viral enteritis post‐intestinal transplantation. We retrospectively reviewed ITR transplanted between January 2008 and December 2016. Descriptive statistics, including mean (standard deviation) and median (range), were performed. Sixty‐one (43.9%) of the 139 transplanted patients had viral enteritis: 26% norovirus, 25% adenovirus, and 9% each rotavirus and sapovirus. The median age of pediatric patients was 1.6 years (0.4‐16.9) and for adults 36.3 years (27.1‐48.2). Fifty‐seven (58%) of 99 pediatric ITR had viral enteritis compared to 4 (10%) of 40 adult ITR. Median time‐to‐clinical resolution of enteritis for all patients was 5 days (1‐92). Standard of care therapies administered: anti‐motility agents (10%), anti‐emetics agents (14%), and intravenous fluids (42%). There was a higher incidence of viral enteritis in pediatric compared to adults ITR. The majority of viral enteritis episodes resolved within 1 week and were treated with supportive therapy.
Characterization of a Custom-Made Digital Light Processing Stereolithographic Printer Based on a Slanted Groove Micromixer Geometry
Authors: Valentinčič Joško , Prijatelj Miha , Jerman Marko , Lebar Andrej , Sabotin Izidor 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A custom-made stereolithographic printer using a digital light processing optical (DLP) system based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) was characterized. Several sizes of slanted grooved micromixers (SGM) were produced and typical dimensions were measured and compared to nominal values. The results show that the developed SLA printer is precise enough to be used for prototyping of larger microfluidic devices. The lateral geometries of the smallest printed micromixer designs deviated less than 20 μm from the nominal values and related feature depths deviated for less than 15 μm. However, further modifications are needed in order to improve the repeatability, accuracy, and printing resolution.