bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Penatalaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Terhadap Onset Pengeluaran Kolostrum Di Surabaya
Authors: Masruroh Nur , Andriani Ratna Ariesta Dwi 
Published: February 2020

Inisisasi menyusui dini (IMD) adalah memberikan ASI segera setelah bayi dilahirkan,biasanya dalam waktu 30 - 60 menit setelah bayi dilahirkan. Inisiasi Menyusu Dini juga dengan jelas telah tercantum dalam Buku Acuan Asuhan Persalinan (APN) dari Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia sehingga harus dilaksanakan oleh seluruh bidan. Kolostrum mulai diproduksi oleh tubuh saat kehamilan, dan keluar pada awal seorang ibu akan menyusui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menegtahui pengaruh penatalaksanaan inisiasi menyusu dini terhadap onset pengeluaran kolostrum ibu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan sampel ibu bersalin primipara yang melahirkan di BPM Istiqomah dan BPM Bashori selama bulan Maret-Juli 2018 berjumlah 60 orang. Analisis data menggunakan t tes mendapatkan hasil bahwa pelaksanaan inisiasi menyusu dini berpengaruh terhadap onset pengeluaran kolostrum dengan p= 0,03 (<0,05). Lama pelaksanaan inisiasi menyusu dini berpengaruh terhadap onset pengeluaran kolostrum dengan p= 0,01 (<0,05). Bidan sebagai ujung tombak kesehatan ibu dan anak meningkatkan sosialisasi pentingnya inisiasi menyusu dini sejak periode kehamilan

Kata kunci : IMD, onset, kolostrum
Effect of atorvastatin on lipid and cardiovascular events in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Azim Muhammed Arshad Ul , Rahman Md Habibur , Salam Abdus , Islam Sayed Mahtabul , Waheed Shahryar 
Published: February 2020

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in chronic kidney disease patient as well as in patients on hemodialysis. Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis which increases the risk for cardiovascular mortality. This study was designed to evaluate the lipid abnormalities, effect of atorvastatin on lipid profile and cardiovascular events in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
Methods: In this prospective clinical study, 55 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis participated voluntarily. The study population was divided randomly into group-A (atorvastatin was prescribed) and group-B (without atorvastatin). We compared the lipid status and cardiovascular events of both groups after 6 months.
Results: The two groups of patients were well matched in respect to baseline characteristics, history of risk factors and dialysis duration and session. Mean age of study population was about 48 years. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was reduced by 18.79%, total cholesterol was reduced by 9.32% and triglyceride was reduced by 22% in group-A. In group-A, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was increased by 6% and it was reduced by 6% in group-B. In this study, myocardial ischemia/infarction on electrocardiogram (ECG) was present 22% in group-A and 14% in group-B at randomization. After 6 months, ischemia/infarction was found 33% in group-A and 25% in group-B. Statistically the ECG findings showed no significant changes after 6 months. In this study, mean ejection fraction (EF %) was 54% in group-A and 51% in group-B at 0 month, after 6 months atorvastatin group failed to show any significant change. In this study, after 6 months of statin therapy there was slight increase of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (16.13%) but that was not significant.
Conclusion: In this study atorvastatin improved the lipid abnormalities significantly but a significant reduction of cardiovascular events was not achieved.
Birdem Med J 2020; 10(1): 34-39
The Clinical Efficacy of Multi-strain Probiotics in the Management of Acute Watery Diarrhoea of Children aged 2 Months to 5 Years-a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Monir , Siddika Ayesha , Hossain Md Iqbal , Rashid AKM Harunur , Islam SM Alinoor , Mridha Md Al Amin 
Published: February 2020

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is considered as one of the most common causes of under-five morbidity and mortality worldwide. Standard treatment is the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS), intravenous fluid if indicated, and zinc supplement. Recently, the use of probiotics has been introduced as an adjunct to the treatment of acute gastroenteritis. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical efficacy of multi-strain probiotics as adjunct treatment of acute gastroenteritis.
Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was done in 250 bed district Sadar Hospital, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh from January 2016 to June 2017. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 507 children aged 2 months to 5 years were enrolled in this study. Those with dysentery, chronic diarrhea, diarrhea due to known genetic disorder, chronic illness, malnutrition, systemic infection, CNS disorder and congenital malformation were excluded. Children were divided into two groups randomly. One group was With Probiotic, zinc and standard WHO (ORS) as case and other group was Without Probiotic, zinc and standard WHO ORS as control.
Results: Among 507 children, 257 were without probiotic while 250 were with probiotic. The mean difference in stool frequency between the two groups were 3.3 after 24 hours, 3.5 after 48 hours and 1.6 after 72 hours after hospitalization which was statistically significant (p=0.000). Reduction of stool frequency was highest after 48 hours of admission. Mean duration of hospital stay was 4.40±1.22 days in control and 4.03±.89 days in case group. Probiotic group children with exclusive breastfeeding had mean recovery time of 3.95±0.85 days and those who were not exclusively breastfeed had recovery time of 4.2±0.95 days (p=0.025).
Conclusion: Probiotic is efficacious in reducing purging duration and frequency of acute watery diarrhea in children.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :97-101
Miliary Tuberculosis with Tubercular Uveitis Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin: A Case Report
Authors: Parvin Roksana , Mutanabbi Mahbub , Shova Shamima Sharmin , Kibtiar Maria , Sharmin Farzana 
Published: February 2020

Miliary tuberculosis is a form of disseminated tuberculosis, which is more frequent in immunocompromised patient. Ocular involvement of mycobacterium tuberculosis is also an uncommon presentation of disseminated tuberculosis. Tubercular uveitis is most frequent form of ocular tuberculosis. If treatment is delayed, it may cause loss of vision. In many case of the systemic TB with ocular involvement, there may be no eye symptoms in early stage. On the other hand, many cases of ocular TB may not have any evidence of systemic TB. Here we have described a case of miliary tuberculosis with ocular uveitis who initially presented with fever without any significant physical findings and later developed eye symptoms including diminished vision.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (2) :126-130
Checklist of the spider fauna of Bangladesh (Araneae : Arachnida)
Authors: Biswas Vivekanand 
Published: February 2020

Spiders are one of the important predatory arthropods that comprise the largest order Araneae of the class Arachnida. In Bangladesh, very few contributions are available on the taxonomic study on these arachnids. The present paper contains an updated checklist of the spider fauna of Bangladesh based on the published records of different workers and the identified collections of the recent studies by the author. It includes a total of 334 species of spiders belong to the infraorders Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae under 21 families and 100 genera. A brief diagnosis of different families and their domination together with the distribution throughout the country are provided herewith.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 185-227, 2019
Environmental contamination of heavy metals in some dried fish of coastal regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Suny , Fardous Zeenath , Aktar Jesmin , Rahman Md Abdur , Chowdhury Muhammed Alamgir Zaman , Sarkar Shilpi , Billah Md Baki 
Published: February 2020

Heavy metals are non-biodegradable substances which cause serious carcinogenic effects on animals and humans. As fish occupy top position of aquatic food chain, it is a major source of heavy metal contamination. The concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were 0.0156 - 0.1428, 0.163 - 8.53, 0.0924 - 0.4026, 9.38 - 65.9382, 0.0473 - 0.1981 and 0.1473 - 1.8148 ppm respectively for the fish samples of Cox’s Bazar region while 0.0191 - 0.1386, 0.8445 - 0.1743, 0.102 - 0.4625, 0.102 - 0.4675, 9.7269 - 60.5267, 0.3108 - 0.046 ppm for the fish samples of Saint Martin’s region. Comparatively high concentrations of heavy metals were found to be accumulated in Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), Rupchanda (Stromateus chinensis) and Chhuri (Trichiurus lepturus). The order of heavy metal concentrations were Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Cd. The concentration of heavy metals varied from species to species and most of the metals were not significantly correlated, even some metals showed negative correlation among them. Concentration of Fe in some fishes (Mola, Rupchanda and Chhuri) was found higher than WHO guideline values, while other metals exhibited the value below the WHO standard. The results of this study will assist in acquiring information about the level of toxic metals in these regions and to improve the coastal management in these areas in future.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 293-304, 2019
Heart failure in children: co-morbidities and hospital outcome
Authors: Mukib ABM , Khanam W , Sanin Kaji Ishtiaq , Habib Rahat Bin , Faisal Omar Khaled , Rahman Mizanur 
Published: February 2020

Heart failure in children is a serious condition, causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Sufficient data regarding various aspects of heart failure in children is not available in our country. This cross sectional study was conducted on 101 patients admitted with the diagnosis of heart failure at ICMH, and NICVD from July 2014 to March 2015 with the aim to identify the co-morbidities and hospital outcome of heart failure in infants and children. In this study most of the patients (53.46%) were infants. Congenital structural heart lesions were found in 67(76.2%) cases. VSD was most common found in 42.5% cases, followed by ASD (31.6%) and PDA (24.7%). Cardiomyopathy (DCM) was diagnosed in 11 (10.9%) cases and 10 patients (9.9%) had valvular defect due to rheumatic recurrence. Anaemia was most common (78.2%) co-morbidity in all age group. Pneumonia was more common (74%) in infants. Total 14 patients (13.9%) died in hospital though getting adequate medical support. This study recommends that diagnosis and treatment of co-morbidities along with appropriate management of acute heart failure is crucial to reduce the mortality and morbidity.
Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 6-10
Study of obstructive jaundice in adult: association between clinical diagnosis and operative "ndings
Authors: Masum Mohammad Golam , Jahan ABM Sarwar , Robbani Md Rezwanul Haque , Chowdhuray Fayed , Hossain Mohammed Faroque 
Published: February 2020

Obstructive jaundice is a condition in which there is blockage of the flow of bile out of the liver. To find out the correlation between clinical diagnosis and operative findings of patients having obstructive jaundice. This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2008 to April 2009. Fifty clinically diagnosed obstructive jaundice cases were enrolled in this study. A detailed history was taken and thorough physical examination was done. Also necessary haematological, biochemical, radiological and other special investigations were carried out. In this study, mean age of the patients was 42.9 years and male to female ratio was 1:1.17. The most frequent cause was choledocholithiasis (40%), stricture of CBD (6.0%), retained stone (14.0%), parasitic obstruction (4.0%), carcinoma (30.0%) and other cause (6.0%). Serum bilirubin level was below 10mg/dl in all cases of stricture of CBD. It was above 15mg/dL in cases of carcinoma head of the pancreas. The rise of Serum alkaline phosphates level was up to 3 folds in cases with choledocholithiasis, biliary stricture and pancreatic head malignancy. The average rise in other cases was 1 to 2 folds. Sensitivity and specificity of pre operative clinical diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, carcinoma and retain stone was 86.4 & 96.4%, 92.3 & 91.9% and 71.4 & 95.3% respectively. Pre operative clinical diagnosis of obstructive jaundice is a good diagnosis tool in diagnosis of causes of obstructive jaundice.
Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 33-36
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Experience of 100 Cases
Authors: Haque Md Rezwonul , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Bhuiyan Farook Ahmed , Hossain SM Shakhwat , Md Mahabub - , Khan Lutfunnahar 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Cholelithiasis or gallstone disease is one of the major health problems worldwide. Earlier traditional open cholecystectomy (OC) was the treatment for symptomatic gall stone disease. With the advancing cutting edge technology, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), a minimal access surgery has become a well established modality of treatment.
Objective: To study the overall outcome and related experiences of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was carried out at Combined Military Hospitals of Jashore, Cumilla and Dhaka from September 2015 to December 2017. A total of 100 patients suffering from symptomatic cholelithiasis were admitted for LC and included in this study. Data were collected in a structured proforma and expressed in mean±SD, frequency and percentage.
Results: Patients mean age was 42±7.63 years with ranged 25 to 62 years. Eighty five percent patients were female. Mean operative time was 55±12.37 minutes with ranged 30 to 100 minutes. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.5±1.29 days with ranged from 2 to 4 days. No major intra operative and post operative complications encountered except 2 patients needed conversion to OC.
Conclusion: LC is a safe minimal access surgical procedure for gallstone disease. An experienced well-trained surgical team with standard surgical technique and early recognition and management of complications encountered are key elements to good surgical outcome.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 35-38
SUSTAINING INTERACTION THROUGH GROUP WORK IN ENGLISH FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
Authors: Tahrun Tahrun 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of teaching and learning English as a foreign language in Indonesia is to enable the learners to use English for communication in various contexts. To promote communication in teaching and learning activities, the teachers should be able to initiate interaction. To initiate interaction, the teachers may use questions, by which the teachers should consider the appropriate types of question that match with the students. In addition, the teachers should be able to maintain or sustain the interaction in their teaching and learning context. One of the activities which are effective to sustain interaction in the process of teaching and learning is group work. By using group work, the learners are encouraged to interact in English communicatively. Besides, this method increases students' motivation in learning. This is as the effect of learning climate which offers freedom for the students to express their ideas, feeling or criticism freely in front of their group's members. In addition, group work promotes students' learning responsibility and autonomy. Each member of the groups must be responsible to achieve their common goal. Considering those ideas, group work can be one of the effective methods to sustain interaction in the EFL classroom.
ASKERİ HİZMETLERİN İFASINDA SUÇ TEŞKİL EDEN EMRİ YERİNE GETİRENİN CEZAİ SORUMLULUĞU
Authors: AYDIN Hüseyin 
Published: February 2020

5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun (TCK) 24 üncü maddesinde “kanunun hükmü ve amirin emri” başlığı altında yetkili bir merci tarafından verilip de yerine getirilmesi görev gereği zorunlu olan bir emri yerine getirenin sorumlu tutulmayacağı ifade edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte suç teşkil eden emrin hiçbir şekilde yerine getirilemeyeceği, yerine getirenin bir emri yerine getirdiği gerekçesiyle sorumluluktan kurtulamayacağı hüküm altına alınmıştır. Aynı maddenin son fıkrasında ise emrin hukuka uygunluğunun denetlenmesinin kanun tarafından engellendiği hallerde emrin yerine getirilmesinden sadece emri verenin sorumlu olacağı belirtilmiştir. Anayasa’nın “kanunsuz emir” başlıklı 137 nci maddesinde de aynı mahiyette bir hükme yer verilmiş, suç teşkil eden bir emrin yerine getirilmesi halinde emri verenle emri yerine getirenin sorumlu olacağı temel ilke olarak belirtildikten sonra askeri hizmetlerin görülmesi, acele hallerde kamu düzeni ve kamu güvenliğinin korunması amacıyla kanunla bu ilkeye istisna getirilebileceği ifade edilmiştir. Askeri Ceza Kanunu’nun 41 inci maddesine göre ise adli ve askeri bir suç işlemek amacıyla verildiğinin anlaşılması veya verilen emrin sınırının aşılması halleri hariç hizmete ilişkin olmak koşuluyla suç teşkil eden emri yerine getiren sorumlu tutulmayacaktır. İşbu çalışmada Anayasa ve Türk Ceza Kanunu’ndaki düzenlemeler ışığında suç teşkil eden emir ve emri yerine getirenin sorumluluğu üzerinde durulmuş, bu çerçevede özellikle askeri hizmetler açısından konu irdelenerek bir sonuca varılmıştır.
Does Kinesiophobia Effect One Day Physical Activity Behaviour and Functionality of Young People with Ankylosing Spondylitis?
Authors: TOSUN AYDİN Gamze , DEMİRBUKEN İlksan , KAYA MUTLU Ebru , POLAT Mine Gulden 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia, physical activity behaviour and functionality in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods: This study included 57 participants (mean age, 30.8 ± 5.19 years) in 2 groups of AS and healthy controls. One day physical activity behaviour was evaluated with tri-axial accelerometer. Tri-axial accelerometer was recorded physical activity domains and intensities for 24 hours. Participants completed clinical questionnaires assessing pain, kinesophobia, disease activity, and functionality. Kinesiophobia and pain were quantified by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Function and disease activity were rated by using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score.Results: There was no correlation between kinesiophobia and one day physical activity behaviour in AS patients group. There was a negative correlation between high physical activity level and disease activity(p&lt;0.05, r:-.519) and there was a negative correlation between high and moderate physical activity levels, and functionality (p &lt;0.05, r:-.555 r:-395, respectively).Conclusion: According to the results of this study showed that; there was a relationship between disease activity, functionality, and one day physical activity behaviour. On the other hand, there was not any relation between pain intensity, kinesophobia and data obtained from accelerometer. Further studies with larger sample size and longer time periods should be carried out to reveal physical activity behaviours and its related factors in AS patients who will survive with this disease for years.
Evaluation of Drug-Related Problems in a Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit Identified by a Clinical Pharmacist in-training in a 7-Month Period
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Nesligül , CELİKER Ayce , KUSKONMAZ Bulent Barıs , OKUR Fatma Visal , UCKAN CETİNKAYA Duygu 
Published: February 2020

Objective: This cross sectional study was performed to demonstrate the importance of clinical pharmacists’ participation in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient management with regards to the detection, prevention, and management of drug-related problems.Methods: The study was carried out from 1st October 2015 to 1st May 2016 in a pediatric bone marrow transplantation unit of a tertiary care hospital. The inpatients and outpatients between 0 to 18 years of age were included and the patients were monitored and evaluated for drug-related problems (interactions, side effects, preparation, and administration). A clinical pharmacist-in-training made recommendations to the physicians and the nurses on the problems that were identified.Results: Twenty inpatients and twenty-two outpatients were monitored during the study. In total, 245 problems were identified in the inpatients, 37.14 % of which were drug-related; 33 % of the drug-related problems were the side effects of cyclosporine. Eleven recommendations on drug-related problems were made to the physicians and six of them were for the problems identified in the inpatient services with regards to drug dosing and administration. Five recommendations regarding total parenteral nutrition, drug incompatibility, drug administration from the feeding tube, and drug side effects were made to the nurses. Twenty-nine information on the dosing, side effects, incompatibilities, administration, and preparation of the drugs, were given by the pharmacist to the physicians and the nurses.Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists’ participation will improve the detection and the management of drug-related problems in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation units in Turkey.
Influence of Freeze–Thaw Cycles and Binder Dosage on the Engineering Properties of Compound Solidified/Stabilized Lead-Contaminated Soils
Authors: Yang Zhongping , Wang Yao , Li Denghua , Li Xuyong , Liu Xinrong 
Published: February 2020

The solidification/stabilization (S/S) method is the usual technique for the remediation of soils polluted by heavy metal in recent years. However, freeze–thaw cycles, an important physical process producing weathering of materials, will affect the long-term stability of engineering characteristics in solidified contaminated soil. In addition, it is still questionable whether using large dosages of binders can enhance the engineering properties of solidified/stabilized contaminated soils. In this study, the three most commonly used binders (i.e., cement, quicklime, and fly ash), alone and mixed in different ratios, were thus added to lead-contaminated soil in various dosages, making a series of cured lead-contaminated soils with different dosages of binders. Afterward, unconfined compression strength tests, direct shear tests, and permeability tests were employed on the resulting samples to find the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), secant modulus ( E 50 ), internal friction angle ( φ ), cohesion ( c ), and permeability coefficient ( k ) of each solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soil after 0, 3, 7, and 14 days of freeze–thaw cycles. This procedure was aimed at evaluating the influence of freeze–thaw cycle and binder dosage on engineering properties of solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated soils. Results of our experiments showed that cement/quicklime/fly ash could remediate lead-contaminated soils. However, it did not mean that the more the dosage of binder, the better the curing effect. There was a critical dosage. Excessive cementation of contaminated soils caused by too much binder would result in loss of strength and an increase in permeability. Furthermore, it was found that UCS, E 50 , φ , c , and k values generally decreased with the increase in freeze–thaw cycle time—a deterioration effect on the engineering characteristics of solidified lead-contaminated soils. Avoiding excessive cementation, 2.5% cement or quicklime was favorable for the value of E 50 while a 2.5% fly ash additive was beneficial for the k value. It is also suggested that if the freeze–thaw cycle continues beyond the period supported by excessive cementation, such a cycle will rapidly destroy the original structure of the soil and create large cracks, leading to an increase in permeability. The results also showed that the contaminated soils with a larger dosage of binders exhibited more significant deterioration during freeze–thaw cycles.