bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercontinental trials reveal stable QTL for Northern corn leaf blight resistance in Europe and in Brazil
Authors: Galiano-Carneiro Ana L. , Kessel Bettina , Presterl Thomas , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKey messageNCLB is the most devastating leaf disease in European maize, and the introduction of Brazilian resistance donors can efficiently increase the resistance levels of European maize germplasm.AbstractNorthern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is one of the most devastating leaf pathogens in maize (Zea maysL.). Maize cultivars need to be equipped with broad and stable NCLB resistance to cope with production intensification and climate change. Brazilian germplasm is a great source to increase low NCLB resistance levels in European materials, but little is known about their effect in European environments. To investigate the usefulness of Brazilian germplasm as NCLB resistance donors, we conducted multi-parent QTL mapping, evaluated the potential of marker-assisted selection as well as genome-wide selection of 742 F1-derived DH lines. The line per se performance was evaluated in one location in Brazil and six location-by-year combinations (= environments) in Europe, while testcrosses were assessed in two locations in Brazil and further 10 environments in Europe. Jointly, we identified 17 QTL for NCLB resistance explaining 3.57–30.98% of the genotypic variance each. Two of these QTL were detected in both Brazilian and European environments indicating the stability of these QTL in contrasting ecosystems. We observed moderate to high genomic prediction accuracies between 0.58 and 0.83 depending on population and continent. Collectively, our study illustrates the potential use of tropical resistance sources to increase NCLB resistance level in applied European maize breeding programs.
Damage detection by recurrence and entropy methods on the basis of time series measured during composite milling
Authors: Kecik Krzysztof , Ciecielag Krzysztof , Zaleski Kazimierz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents methods for damage detection in machined material on the basis of time series measured during milling of glass-fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP). Recurrence methods and different types of entropy have emerged as useful tools for detecting subtle non-stationarities and/or changes in nonlinear signals. In this research, a recurrence plot, recurrence quantifications, an approximate entropy, and sample entropy are used. By identifying changes in the cutting force measured during the composite milling process, the damage occurrence has been detected. Firstly, the damage has been modelled as the intentionally introduced hole with different diameters and depths in order to estimate the size detectable damages and to select proper recurrence measures as damage indicators. Next, the experiments with the real damage have been performed and the damage indicators have used.
How measurement error affects inference in linear regression
Authors: Meijer Erik , Oczkowski Edward , Wansbeek Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasurement error biases OLS results. When the measurement error variance in absolute or relative (reliability) form is known, adjustment is simple. We link the (known) estimators for these cases to GMM theory and provide simple derivations of their standard errors. Our focus is on the test statistics. We show monotonic relations between thet-statistics and$$R^2$$R2s of the (infeasible) estimator if there was no measurement error, the inconsistent OLS estimator, and the consistent estimator that corrects for measurement error and show the relation between thet-value and the magnitude of the assumed measurement error variance or reliability. We also discuss how standard errors can be computed when the measurement error variance or reliability is estimated, rather than known, and we indicate how the estimators generalize to the panel data context, where we have to deal with dependency among observations. By way of illustration, we estimate a hedonic wine price function for different values of the reliability of the proxy used for the wine quality variable.
Which Surgical Operations Should be Performed in District Hospitals in East, Central and Southern Africa? Results of a Survey of Regional Clinicians
Authors: Bentounsi Zineb , Lavy Chris , Pittalis Chiara , Clarke Morgane , Rizk Jean , Le Grace , Brugha Ruairi , Borgstein Eric , Gajewski Jakub 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn East, Central and Southern Africa (ECSA), district hospitals (DH) are the main source of surgical care for 80% of the population. DHs in Africa must provide basic life‐saving procedures, but the extent to which they can offer other general and emergency surgery is debated. Our paper contributes to this debate through analysis and discussion of regional surgical care providers' perspectives.MethodsWe conducted a survey at the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa Conference in Kigali in December 2018. The survey presented the participants with 59 surgical and anaesthesia procedures and asked them if they thought the procedure should be done in a district level hospital in their region. We then measured the level of positive agreement (LPA) for each procedure and conducted sub‐analysis by cadre and level of experience.ResultsWe had 100 respondents of which 94 were from ECSA. Eighteen procedures had an LPA of 80% or above, among which appendicectomy (98%), caesarean section (97%) and spinal anaesthesia (97%). Twenty‐one procedures had an LPA between 31 and 79%. The surgical procedures that fell in this category were a mix of obstetrics, general surgery and orthopaedics. Twenty procedures had an LPA below 30% among which paediatric anaesthesia and surgery.ConclusionOur study offers the perspectives of almost 100 surgical care providers from ECSA on which surgical and anaesthesia procedures should be provided in district hospitals. This might help in planning surgical care training and delivery in these hospitals.
Combination efficacy of pertuzumab and trastuzumab for trastuzumab emtansine-resistant cells exhibiting attenuated lysosomal trafficking or efflux pumps upregulation
Authors: Yamashita-Kashima Yoriko , Shu Sei , Osada Masahiro , Fujimura Takaaki , Yoshiura Shigeki , Harada Naoki , Yoshimura Yasushi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is the standard treatment in the current second-line therapy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer. However, a useful therapy after T-DM1 resistance has not been established. In this study, we established two different HER2-positive T-DM1-resistant cancer cells and evaluated the antitumor effect of trastuzumab in combination with pertuzumab (TRAS + PER).

Methods
Single-cell-cloned OE19 and BT-474 cells were cultured with increasing concentrations of T-DM1 to generate T-DM1-resistant OE19bTDR and BT-474bTDR cells, respectively. HER2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Multidrug resistance proteins (MDR1 and MRP1) were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Intracellular trafficking of T-DM1 was examined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Efficacy of TRAS + PER was evaluated by cell proliferation assay, HER3 and AKT phosphorylation, caspase 3/7 activity, and antitumor activity.

Results
HER2 expression of both resistant cells was equivalent to that of the parent cells. Overexpression of MDR1 and MRP1 was observed and affected the T-DM1 sensitivity in the OE19bTDR cells. Abnormal localization of T-DM1 into the lysosomes was observed in the BT-474bTDR cells. In BT-474bTDR cells, TRAS + PER inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT involved in HER2–HER3 signaling, and apoptosis induction and cell proliferation inhibition were significantly higher with TRAS + PER than with the individual drugs. TRAS + PER significantly suppressed tumor growth in the OE19bTDR xenograft model compared with each single agent.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the TRAS + PER combination may be effective in T-DM1-resistant cancer cells where HER2 overexpression is maintained.
Natural history of prostate cancer on active surveillance: stratification by MRI using the PRECISE recommendations in a UK cohort
Authors: Giganti Francesco , Stabile Armando , Stavrinides Vasilis , Osinibi Elizabeth , Retter Adam , Orczyk Clément , Panebianco Valeria , Trock Bruce J. , Freeman Alex , Haider Aiman , Punwani Shonit , Allen Clare , Kirkham Alex , Emberton Mark , Moore Caroline M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The PRECISE recommendations for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa) include repeated measurement of each lesion, and attribution of a PRECISE radiological progression score for the likelihood of clinically significant change over time. We aimed to compare the PRECISE score with clinical progression in patients who are managed using an MRI-led AS protocol.

Methods
A total of 553 patients on AS for low- and intermediate-risk PCa (up to Gleason score 3 + 4) who had two or more MRI scans performed between December 2005 and January 2020 were included. Overall, 2161 scans were retrospectively re-reported by a dedicated radiologist to give a PI-RADS v2 score for each scan and assess the PRECISE score for each follow-up scan. Clinical progression was defined by histological progression to ≥ Gleason score 4 + 3 (Gleason Grade Group 3) and/or initiation of active treatment. Progression-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test was used to assess differences between curves.

Results
Overall, 165/553 (30%) patients experienced the primary outcome of clinical progression (median follow-up, 74.5 months; interquartile ranges, 53–98). Of all patients, 313/553 (57%) did not show radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 1–3), of which 296/313 (95%) had also no clinical progression. Of the remaining 240/553 patients (43%) with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4–5), 146/240 (61%) experienced clinical progression (p < 0.0001). Patients with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4-5) showed a trend to an increase in PSA density.

Conclusions
Patients without radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 1-3) during AS had a very low likelihood of clinical progression and many could avoid routine re-biopsy.

Key Points
• Patients without radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 1–3) during AS had a very low likelihood of clinical progression and many could avoid routine re-biopsy.
• Clinical progression was almost always detectable in patients with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4–5) during AS.
• Patients with radiological progression on MRI (PRECISE 4–5) during AS showed a trend to an increase in PSA density.
Quantitative distribution of iodinated contrast media in body computed tomography: data from a large reference cohort
Authors: Zopfs David , Graffe Josefine , Reimer Robert Peter , Schäfer Sebastian , Persigehl Thorsten , Maintz David , Borggrefe Jan , Haneder Stefan , Lennartz Simon , Große Hokamp Nils 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Dual-energy computed tomography allows for an accurate and reliable quantification of iodine. However, data on physiological distribution of iodine concentration (IC) is still sparse. This study aims to establish guidance for IC in abdominal organs and important anatomical landmarks using a large cohort of individuals without radiological tumor burden.

Methods
Five hundred seventy-one oncologic, portal venous phase dual-layer spectral detector CT studies of the chest and abdomen without tumor burden at time point of imaging confirmed by > 3-month follow-up were included. ROI were placed in parenchymatous organs (n = 25), lymph nodes (n = 6), and vessels (n = 3) with a minimum of two measurements per landmark. ROI were placed on conventional images and pasted to iodine maps to retrieve absolute IC. Normalization to the abdominal aorta was conducted to obtain iodine perfusion ratios. Bivariate regression analysis, t tests, and ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Absolute IC showed a broad scatter and varied with body mass index, between different age groups and between the sexes in parenchymatous organs, lymph nodes, and vessels (range 0.0 ± 0.0 mg/ml–6.6 ± 1.3 mg/ml). Unlike absolute IC, iodine perfusion ratios did not show dependency on body mass index; however, significant differences between the sexes and age groups persisted, showing a tendency towards decreased perfusion ratios in elderly patients (e.g., liver 18–44 years/≥ 64 years: 0.50 ± 0.11/0.43 ± 0.10, p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions
Distribution of IC obtained from a large-scale cohort is provided. As significant differences between sexes and age groups were found, this should be taken into account when obtaining quantitative iodine concentrations and applying iodine thresholds.

Key Points
• Absolute iodine concentration showed a broad variation and differed between body mass index, age groups, and between the sexes in parenchymatous organs, lymph nodes, and vessels.
• The iodine perfusion ratios did not show dependency on body mass index while significant differences between sexes and age groups persisted.
• Provided guidance values may serve as reference when aiming to differentiate healthy and abnormal tissue based on iodine perfusion ratios.
Ergebnisse der systematischen Literatursuche als Grundlage für die „evidenzbasierten Therapieempfehlungen für FMF-Patienten mit unzureichendem Ansprechen bzw. Unverträglichkeit auf Kolchizin“ der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie
Authors: Sahr T. , Kiltz U. , Weseloh C. , Kallinich T. , Braun J. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDas familiäre Mittelmeerfieber (FMF) ist eine in Deutschland eher seltene genetisch bedingte Erkrankung des Kindes- und Erwachsenenalters, die durch rezidivierende Fieberschübe sowie Peritonitis, Pleuritis und Arthritis charakterisiert ist. Die etablierte Therapie mit Kolchizin ist für die meisten Patienten wirksam und verträglich. Einige Patienten sprechen aber auf diese Therapie nicht ausreichend an bzw. vertragen diese nicht. Für diese Patienten kommen Biologika in Betracht. Die Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR) und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh) sind übereingekommen, gemeinsame Empfehlungen für diese spezielle klinische Situation zu entwickeln.ZielDurchführung einer systematischen Literaturrecherche (SLR) auf Basis der 2016 publizierten EULAR(European League Against Rheumatism)-Empfehlungen als Grundlage für die Entwicklung von evidenzbasierten Therapieempfehlungen für FMF-Patienten mit unzureichendem Ansprechen bzw. Unverträglichkeit auf Kolchizin.MethodenDie SLR wurde mit Referenzen aus verschiedenen Datenbanken und als Aktualisierung der bis zum Jahr 2014 durchgeführten SLR der EULAR durchgeführt, wobei die Artikel zwischen dem 01.01.2015 und dem 31.12.2017 publiziert worden sein mussten. Für die Vorselektion wurde das Abstractwerkzeug Rayyan und für die Erstellung der Evidenztabellen die Klassifikation des Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine 2009 benutzt.ErgebnisseDie Suche ergab 360, nach Dublettenabgleich noch 263 Treffer. Insgesamt 88 Publikationen wurden ein- (34%) und 102 ausgeschlossen (39%), bei weiteren 73 war eine Sichtung der Vollpublikation notwendig (28%), und 43 wurden intensiver diskutiert. Schlussendlich blieben 64 Publikationen (24%) übrig. Insgesamt wurden 4 Fall-Kontroll-Studien, 31 Kohortenstudien, 8 Fallserien, 7 kontrollierte Studien (davon 5 Abstracts), 10 Übersichtsarbeiten sowie 4 Metaanalysen und systematische Reviews akzeptiert.DiskussionDie SLR wurde wissenschaftlich exakt, transparent und nach internationalen Standards durchgeführt. Die SLR erwies sich als gute Grundlage für die Konsentierung der 5 übergeordneten Prinzipien und der 10 Empfehlungen, sodass die gemeinsame Aktivität von GKJR und DGRh erfolgreich und sogar zeitnah abgeschlossen werden konnte. Die Empfehlungen sind eine solide Basis, Patienten jeden Alters mit FMF gut zu behandeln. Dabei spielen die Erklärungen zum Problem der Kolchizinresistenz eine wichtige Rolle.
Accumulative vs. Appreciative Expressions of Materialism: Revising Materialism in Light of Polish Simplifiers and New Materialism
Authors: Kramarczyk Justyna , Alemany Oliver Mathieu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAt a time when it is critically important to preserve natural resources and reduce the amount of man-made pollution, this article explores other potentials for materialism in today’s market economies. Based on a two-year ethnography in Poland, we learn from simplifiers who denounce current materialism—while remaining inside the market—about what materialism could potentially become (or already is). Our study shows that materialism can take on other less studied but more eco-friendly expressions. In particular, we highlight an alternate expression of materialism, which we call “appreciative materialism” (in contrast to “accumulative materialism”). Appreciative materialism still ascribes a great deal of importance to objects in the lives of consumers but does so through the voluntary non-possession and/or non-accumulation of these objects, as well as a caring ethics that extends to non-humans. These findings call not only for the refinement of scales to measure materialism but also for a revision of the role of materialism in our lives. They suggest that, in order to trigger more sustainable practices, policymakers and managers should put greater emphasis on appreciative materialism.
Molecular Regulatory Mechanism and Toxicology of Neurodegenerative Processes in MPTP/Probenecid-Induced Progressive Parkinson’s Disease Mice Model Revealed by Transcriptome
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Hao Wenwen , Meng Zhuo , Ding Shiyan , Li Xiaodi , Zhang Tao , Huang Weixiao , Xu Lian , Zhang Yu , Yang Jian , Gu Xiaosong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a variety of unclear complex pathogenic factors. The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine/probenecid (MPTP/p)-induced progressive PD mice is a well-recognized classic model for studying PD, but the molecular toxicology of this model is still unclear. Here, for the first time, we report gradual neurodegenerative processes in MPTP/p-induced progressive PD mice model using RNA-seq. Transcriptional responses are orchestrated to regulate the expression of many genes in substantia nigra, such as Ntf3, Pitx3, Th, and Drd2, leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons at last. We proposed that the established model could be divided into three phases based on their molecular toxicological features: “the stress response phase” which maintained the microenvironment homeostasis, “the pre-neurodegenerative phase” which demonstrated observed MPTP/p cytotoxicity and gradual degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and “the neurodegenerative phase” which reflected distinct damage and dopaminergic neuron apoptotic process. Glia cells exhibited a certain protective effect on dopaminergic neurons in 3rd and 6th MPTP/p-induced cytotoxicity. But in 10th MPTP/p injection, glia cells play a promoting role in PD and tissue damages caused by oxidative stress. This study also indicated that the substantia nigra of PD mice showed unique patterns of changes at each stage. Moreover, neurotrophic signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis and necroptosis were enriched at 3rd and 6th MPTP/p injection, which might be associated with the PD progress. This study provided an extensive data set of molecular toxicology for elucidating of PD progression and offered comprehensive theoretical knowledge for the development of new therapy.
Food away from home and the reversal of the calorie intake decline in India
Authors: Kolady Deepthi E. , Srivastava Shivendra Kumar , Just David , Singh Jaspal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndia experienced a consumption puzzle since the 1970s, whereby households’ calorie intakes declined over time, despite significant economic growth. This declining trend in calorie intake (consumption puzzle) was reversed for the first time in 2011–12. This is the first empirical study that investigates the relationship between refinements in data collection on food away from home (FAFH) and the trend reversal in per capita calorie intake decline in India. Findings from the study showed that the declining trend in calorie intake in India has been partly due to measurement issues and that correcting for these issues through refinements in data collection for FAFH in 2011–12 had a positive effect on the reversal of the calorie intake decline. India uses per capita calorie intake estimated using data from HCES to define the official poverty line, a benchmark used in designing many social welfare programs. Incorrect estimates of calorie intake will have negative implications on the effectiveness of welfare programs aimed at reducing food insecurity. Findings from this study provide insights for further improvement in data collection regarding household-level consumption expenditures. The study has implications not only for India but also for other countries that use household-level consumption data to understand diets and to design food and nutrition programs.
MS-NET: modular selective network
Authors: Chowdhury Intisar Md , Su Kai , Zhao Qiangfu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose a modular architecture of Deep Neural Network (DNN) for multi-class classification task. The architecture consists of two parts, a router network and a set of expert networks. In this architecture, for a C-class classification problem, we have exactly C experts. The backbone network for these experts and the router are built with simple and identical DNN architecture. For each class, the modular network has a certain number $$\rho$$
ρ
of expert networks specializing in that particular class, where $$\rho$$
ρ
is called the redundancy rate in this study. We demonstrate that $$\rho$$
ρ
plays a vital role in the performance of the network. Although these experts are light weight and weak learners alone, together they match the performance of more complex DNNs. We train the network in two phase wherein, first the router is trained on the whole set of training data followed by training each expert network enforced by a new stochastic objective function that facilitates alternative training on a small subset of expert data and the whole set of data. This alternative training provides an additional form of regularization and avoids over-fitting the expert network on subset data. During the testing phase, the router dynamically selects a fixed number of experts for further evaluation of the input datum. The modular nature and low parameter requirement of the network makes it very suitable in distributed and low computational environments. Extensive empirical study and theoretical analysis on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and F-MNIST substantiate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed modular network.