bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjunctive therapy in kidney transplant recipients with severe pneumocystis pneumonia
Authors: Edey Matthew M. , Gunasekera Pumali N. , Lobb Mark , Imran Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic pathogen that may cause severe, life‐threatening respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients such as those with kidney transplants. Although antimicrobial prophylaxis is now universally recommended in the early post‐transplant period, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) can occur later. If such infection occurs, mortality rates are high. Beyond standard therapy with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, there is a lack of evidence‐based options for intensifying treatment when initial therapy fails to show improvement. Moreover, it is usual to minimize immunosuppression in life‐threatening infection, but graft damage may occur, particularly in kidney transplant recipients at above‐average immunological risk. Here we present two cases of severe PCP in high immunological risk recipients who were managed with adjunctive intravenous immunoglobulin and withdrawal of immunosuppression. Both patients recovered and were discharged from hospital with functioning grafts.
Repeatability of in vitro carboplatin elution from carboplatin‐impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads made in a clinic setting
Authors: Worth David B. , Risselada Marije , Cooper Bruce R. , Moore George E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the intra‐lot and inter‐lot consistency and total carboplatin elution over 25 days from carboplatin‐impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (C‐I CSH) beads manufactured in a clinic setting.Study designIn vitro elution study.MethodsTwo volumes of carboplatin were mixed with CSH to yield 4 mg and 8 mg C‐I CSH doses. Two lots of beads were made for each concentration and split into five doses (n = 10 per concentration). Beads hardened in molds and were placed in a covered six‐well plate, submerged in phosphate‐buffered saline, and incubated with samples collected at 12 time points (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, and 25 days). The amount of carboplatin in each sample was evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Correction for carboplatin degradation and dilution was applied, and eluted carboplatin was calculated. Intra‐lot and inter‐lot coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for each concentration.ResultsThe intra‐lot CV ranged between 7.9% and 23.1%, and the inter‐lot CV ranged from 3.5% to 10.3%, with improvement noted in each successive lot of beads. Mean peak eluted carboplatin was 2.45 ± 0.43 mg (61%) and 3.68 ± 0.41 mg (45.9%) for the 4‐mg and 8‐mg C‐I CSH beads, respectively, with both occurring at the 12‐hour timepoint.ConclusionProgressive improvement in variability with successive lots of beads indicated a learning curve with bead manufacturing with a low variation both within and between lots of C‐I CSH beads.Clinical significanceOn‐site mixing of carboplatin with commercial CSH bead powder leads to a low variation of carboplatin per bead dose.
Improvement on Simulation Methods of Fluid Transient Processes in Turbine Tailrace Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Boran , Wan Wuyi , Bi Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In numerical simulations of hydroturbine systems, the fluid in the draft tube keeps alternating between the free surface flow condition and the pressured flow condition. This combination of free surface flow model and pressured flow model has been a focus of researchers. Because of the huge difference in pressure wave speed, the two models differ much in terms of meshing even in the same method. To track the interaction point between free surface flow and pressured flow, a type of interaction point tracking method (IPTM) is proposed, which is based on the method of characteristics. Using a controllable iteration to solve the controlling equations of the boundary conditions, the concrete interaction point can be tracked accurately at each time-step. The method is validated in an actual turbine draft tube and compared with experimentally measured data. The results show that IPTM is equipped with high reliability and offers some advantages compared to the other existing methods.
<p class="Body"><strong>Erratum: Mites of the genera <em>Leioseius</em> Berlese and <em>Protogamasellus</em> Karg (Mesostigmata, Ascidae) in mangrove forests in southern Iran, with a key to the genera and species of Ascidae recorded from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 24(7): 1319–1336. </strong></p>
Authors: Kazemi Shahrooz 
Published: September 2020

Page 1323, Figure 7: Coxae IV. In the key to the genera and species of Ascidae recorded from Iran, one species of the genus Arctoseius Thor, A. venustulus (Berlese 1916), was not mentioned. Therefore, couplet 29 was divided into two parts (couplets 29–30) to accommodate this species as follows (therefore, in page 1332, second part of the couplet 18 reaches to the couplet number 31 instead of 30):
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Small-Sided Games Training on Sleep and Salivary Cortisol Level
Authors: Bonato Matteo , La Torre Antonio , Saresella Marina , Marventano Ivana , Merati Giampiero , Banfi Giuseppe , Vitale Jacopo A. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:The authors compared sleep quality and salivary cortisol concentration after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and small-sided games (SSGs) performed at the habitual training time in nonprofessional male soccer players.Methods:A total of 32 players (age = 24 [6] y, height = 1.77 [0.06] m, and body mass = 75 [12] kg) were randomized into an HIIT group or an SSG group. Actual sleep time, sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency, immobility time (IT), moving time (MT), and fragmentation index were monitored using actigraphy before (PRE) and 2 nights after (POST 1 and POST 2) the training session. Salivary cortisol levels were measured before (PRE) and after (POST) training. Cortisol awakening response was evaluated.Results:Significant intragroup differences in the HIIT group were noted for actual sleep time (P < .0001), SE (P < .0001), sleep latency (P = .047), IT (P < .0001), MT (P < .0001), and fragmentation index (P < .0001) between PRE and POST 1 and for SE (P = .035), IT (P = .004), MT (P = .006), and fragmentation index (P = .048) between PRE and POST 2. Intergroup differences for actual sleep time (P = .014), SE (P = .048), IT (P < .0001), and MT (P = .046) were observed between the HIIT and the SSGs group at POST 1 were detected. Significant intragroup variations were observed in PRE and POST salivary cortisol levels (P < .0001 for HIIT;P = .0003 for SSGs) and cortisol awakening response (P < .0001 for HIIT;P < .0001 for SSGs). Significant intergroup differences between the HIIT and the SSGs group were found at POST (P < .0001) and in cortisol awakening response (P = .017).Conclusions:Changes in actigraphy-based sleep parameters and salivary cortisol levels were greater after an acute session of HIIT than SSGs in this sample of nonprofessional male soccer players.
Enhanced Cycling Time-Trial Performance During Multiday Exercise With Higher-Pressure Compression Garment Wear
Authors: Williams Ewan R. , McKendry James , Morgan Paul T. , Breen Leigh 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Compression garments are widely used as a tool to accelerate recovery from intense exercise and have also gained traction as a performance aid, particularly during periods of limited recovery. This study tested the hypothesis that increased pressure levels applied via high-pressure compression garments would enhance “multiday” exercise performance. Methods: A single-blind crossover design, incorporating 3 experimental conditions—loose-fitting gym attire (CON), low-compression (LC), and high-compression (HC) garments—was adopted. A total of 10 trained male cyclists reported to the laboratory on 6 occasions, collated into 3 blocks of 2 consecutive visits. Each “block” consisted of 3 parts, an initial high-intensity protocol, a 24-hour period of controlled rest while wearing the applied condition/garment (CON, LC, and HC), and a subsequent 8-km cycling time trial, while wearing the respective garment. Subjective discomfort questionnaires and blood pressure were assessed prior to each exercise bout. Power output, oxygen consumption, and heart rate were continuously measured throughout exercise, with plasma lactate, creatine kinase, and myoglobin concentrations assessed at baseline and the end of exercise, as well as 30 and 60 minutes postexercise. Results: Time-trial performance was significantly improved during HC compared with both CON and LC (HC = 277 [83], CON = 266 [89], and LC = 265 [77] W; P < .05). In addition, plasma lactate was significantly lower at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise on day 1 in HC compared with CON. No significant differences were observed for oxygen consumption, heart rate, creatine kinase, or subjective markers of discomfort. Conclusion: The pressure levels exerted via lower-limb compression garments influence their effectiveness for cycling performance, particularly in the face of limited recovery.
Hepatitis B virus persistence and reactivation
Authors: Shi Yu , Zheng Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes chronic hepatitis and has long term complications. Individuals ever infected with HBV are at risk of viral reactivation under certain circumstances. This review summarizes studies on HBV persistence and reactivation with a focus on the definitions and mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on the interplay between HBV replication and host immunity as this interplay determines the patterns of persistence following viral acquisition. Chronic infections exhibit as overt persistence when a defective immune response fails to control the viral replication. The HBV genome persists despite an immune response in the form of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and integrated DNA, rendering an occult state of viral persistence in individuals whose infection appears to have been resolved. We have described HBV reactivation that occurs because of changes in the virus or the immune system. This review aims to raise the awareness of HBV reactivation and to understand how HBV persists, and discusses the risks of HBV reactivation in a variety of clinical settings.
Knowledge transfer and retention of simulation-based learning for
neurosurgical instruments: a randomised trial of perioperative nurses
Authors: Clarke David B , Galilee Alena I , Kureshi Nelofar , Hong Murray , Fenerty Lynne , D’Arcy Ryan C N 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Previous studies have shown that simulation is an acceptable method of
training in nursing education. The objectives of this study were to determine
the effectiveness of tablet-based simulation in learning neurosurgical
instruments and to assess whether skills learnt in the simulation environment
are transferred to a real clinical task and retained over time.

Methods
A randomised controlled trial was conducted. Perioperative nurses
completed three consecutive sessions of a simulation. Group A performed
simulation tasks prior to identifying real instruments, whereas Group B
(control group) was asked to identify real instruments prior to the simulation
tasks. Both groups were reassessed for knowledge recall after 1 week.

Results
Ninety-three nurses completed the study. Participants in Group A, who had
received tablet-based simulation, were 23% quicker in identifying real
instruments and did so with better accuracy (93.2% vs 80.6%, p<0.0001) than
Group B. Furthermore, the simulation-based learning was retained at 7 days with
97.8% correct instrument recognition in Group A and 96.2% in Group B while
maintaining both speed and accuracy.

Conclusion
This is the first study to assess the effectiveness of tablet-based
simulation training for instrument recognition by perioperative nurses. Our
results demonstrate that instrument knowledge acquired through tablet-based
simulation training results in improved identification and retained recognition
of real instruments.
Facilitators, barriers and lessons learnt from the first state-wide naloxone distribution conducted in West Virginia
Authors: Rudisill Toni Marie , Ashraf Alexandria J , Linn Herbert I , Sayres Sheena , Jeffries James E , Gurka Kelly K 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundOverdose education and naloxone distribution programmes are known to reduce opioid-related deaths. A state-wide naloxone distribution effort of 8250 rescue kits was undertaken by government, community and university partners in West Virginia in 2016–2017. The purpose of this study was to discern the barriers, facilitators and lesson learnt from implementing this endeavour in a rural state with the highest opioid overdose fatality rate in the US.MethodsStructured interviews (n=26) were conducted among both internal and external stakeholders. Those who participated were >18 years of age and were the lead representative from agencies that either received naloxone (ie, external stakeholders) or helped implement the distribution (ie, internal stakeholders). The interviews followed standardised scripts and lasted approximately 40 min. Sessions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was performed by two researchers to determine themes surrounding facilitators or barriers to programme implementation.ResultsThe primary facilitators reported by stakeholders included collaborative partnerships, ease of participating in the programme, being established in prevention efforts, demand for naloxone and the need for personal protection from overdose. The primary barriers identified by stakeholders included bureaucracy/policy/procedures of their organisation or agency, stigma, logistical or planning issues, problems with reporting, lack of communication post distribution and sustainability. Numerous lessons were learnt.ConclusionsBased on the implementation of the programme in 87 organisations, including law enforcement and fire departments, the impact of facilitators outweighed that of barriers. These findings may inform others planning to conduct a similar, large-scale project.
IFN-γ treatment protocol for MHC-Ilo/PD-L1+ pancreatic tumor cells selectively restores their TAP-mediated presentation competence and CD8 T-cell priming potential
Authors: Stifter Katja , Krieger Jana , Ruths Leonie , Gout Johann , Mulaw Medhanie , Lechel Andre , Kleger Alexander , Seufferlein Thomas , Wagner Martin , Schirmbeck Reinhold 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundMany cancer cells express a major histocompatibility complex class I low/ programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 positive (MHC-Ilo/PD-L1+) cell surface profile. For immunotherapy, there is, thus, an urgent need to restore presentation competence of cancer cells with defects in MHC-I processing/presentation combined with immune interventions that tackle the tumor-initiated PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis. Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDACCs) as a model, we here explored if (and how) expression/processing of tumor antigens via transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) affects priming of CD8 T cells in PD-1/PD-L1-competent/-deficient mice.MethodsWe generated tumor antigen-expressing vectors, immunized TAP-competent/-deficient mice and determined de novo primed CD8 T-cell frequencies by flow cytometry. Similarly, we explored the antigenicity and PD-L1/PD-1 sensitivity of PDACCs versus interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-treated PDACCs in PD-1/PD-L1-competent/deficient mice. The IFN-γ-induced effects on gene and cell surface expression profiles were determined by microarrays and flow cytometry.ResultsWe identified two antigens (cripto-1 and an endogenous leukemia virus-derived gp70) that were expressed in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of PDACCs and induced CD8 T-cell responses either independent (Cripto-1:Kb/Cr16-24) or dependent (gp70:Kb/p15E) on TAP by DNA immunization. IFN-γ-treatment of PDACCs in vitro upregulated MHC-I- and TAP- but also PD-L1-expression. Mechanistically, PD-L1/PD-1 signaling was superior to the reconstitution of MHC-I presentation competence, as subcutaneously transplanted IFN-γ-treated PDACCs developed tumors in C57BL/6J and PD-L1-/- but not in PD-1-/- mice. Using PDACCs, irradiated at day 3 post-IFN-γ-treatment or PD-L1 knockout PDACCs as vaccines, we could selectively bypass upregulation of PD-L1, preferentially induce TAP-dependent gp70:Kb/p15E-specific CD8 T cells associated with a weakened PD-1+ exhaustion phenotype and reject consecutively injected tumor transplants in C57BL/6J mice.ConclusionsThe IFN-γ-treatment protocol is attractive for cell-based immunotherapies, because it restores TAP-dependent antigen processing in cancer cells, facilitates priming of TAP-dependent effector CD8 T-cell responses without additional check point inhibitors and could be combined with genetic vaccines that complement priming of TAP-independent CD8 T cells.
Post-registration experience of nivolumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: an international study
Authors: Fessas Petros , Kaseb Ahmed , Wang Yinghong , Saeed Anwaar , Szafron David , Jun Tomi , Dharmapuri Sirish , Rafeh Naqash Abdul , Muzaffar Mahvish , Navaid Musharraf , Khan Uqba , Lee ChiehJu , Bulumulle Anushi , Yu Bo , Paul Sonal , Nimkar Neil , Bettinger Dominik , Benevento Francesca , Hildebrand Hannah , Pressiani Tiziana , Abugabal Yehia I , Personeni Nicola , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Rimassa Lorenza , Ang Celina , Marron Thomas , Pinato David J 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundNivolumab is Food and Drug Administration approved in sorafenib-experienced, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Post-registration data of treatment in a real-world setting is lacking.Patients and methodsWe performed an international, multicenter observational study to confirm safety and efficacy of nivolumab in 233 patients treated outside clinical trials from eight centers in North America, Europe and Asia.ResultsPatients received nivolumab for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (n=191, 92.0%) and Child-Pugh (CP) A (n=158, 67.8%) or B (n=75, 32.2%) HCC as first (n=85, 36.5%) or second to fourth systemic therapy line (n=148, 63.5%). Objective response rate (ORR) was 22.4% and disease control rate was 52.1%. Median overall survival (OS) was 12.2 months (95% CI 8.4 to 16.0) and median progression-free survival was 10.1 months (95% CI 6.1 to 14.2). Treatment-related adverse events of grade >2 occurred in 26 patients (11.2%). Efficacy and safety were similar across CP classes and therapy line. OS was shorter in CP-B than A (7.3 months vs 16.3 months, p<0.001) and in post-first line use (10.4 months vs 16.3 months, p=0.05). Achievement of an objective response predicted for improved OS (25.4 months vs 13.2 months, p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study confirms safety and efficacy of nivolumab in advanced HCC across various lines of therapy and degrees of liver dysfunction. Despite equal ORR and toxicity to nivolumab, patients with CP-B functional class have shorter survival than the patients with CP-A.
Analgesic efficacy of adding the IPACK block to a multimodal analgesia protocol for primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ochroch Jason , Qi Victor , Badiola Ignacio , Grosh Taras , Cai Lu , Graff Veena , Nelson Charles , Israelite Craig , Elkassabany Nabil M 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives
Peripheral nerve blocks have been integrated into most multimodal analgesia protocols for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The adductor canal block (ACB) has gained popularity because of its quadriceps muscle sparing. Similarly, local anesthetic injection between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee, IPACK block, has been described to provide analgesia to the posterior capsule of the knee with motor-sparing qualities. This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the analgesic efficacy of adding the IPACK block to our current multimodal analgesic regimen, including the ACB, in patients undergoing primary TKA.

Methods
119 patients were randomized to receive either an IPACK or a sham block in addition to multimodal analgesia and an ACB. We were set to assess pain in the back of the knee 6 hours after surgery. Other end points included quality of recovery after surgery, pain scores, opioid requirements, and functional measures.

Results
Patients who received the IPACK block had less pain in the back of the knee 6 hours after surgery when compared with the sham block: 21.7% vs 45.8%, p<0.01. There was marginal improvement in other pain measures in the first 24 hours after surgery. However, opioid requirements, quality of recovery and functional measures were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion
The IPACK block reduced the incidence of posterior knee pain 6 hours postoperatively.
NLO QCD corrections to exclusive quarkonium-pair production in photon–photon collision
Authors: Yang Hao , Chen Zi-Qiang , Qiao Cong-Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe calculate the next-to-leading order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections to the exclusive processes $$\gamma +\gamma \rightarrow {\mathcal {Q}}+{\mathcal {Q}}$$

γ
+
γ
→
Q
+
Q

, with $${\mathcal {Q}}=J/\psi ,\ \eta _c,\ \Upsilon $$

Q
=
J
/
ψ
,

η
c

,

Υ

, or $$\eta _b$$

η
b

, in the framework of non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization formalism. The cross sections at the SuperKEKB electron–positron collider, as well as at the future colliders, like the circular electron positron collider (CEPC) and the international linear collider (ILC), are evaluated. Numerical result indicates that the processes for $$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

-pair production and $$\eta _c$$

η
c

-pair production are hopefully observable at the Belle II detector within the next decade.
Intense beam of metastable Muonium
Authors: Janka G. , Ohayon B. , Burkley Z. , Gerchow L. , Kuroda N. , Ni X. , Nishi R. , Salman Z. , Suter A. , Tuzi M. , Vigo C. , Prokscha T. , Crivelli P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrecision spectroscopy of the Muonium Lamb shift and fine structure requires a robust source of 2S Muonium. To date, the beam-foil technique is the only demonstrated method for creating such a beam in vacuum. Previous experiments using this technique were statistics limited, and new measurements would benefit tremendously from the efficient 2S production at a low energy muon ($$<20$$

<
20

keV) facility. Such a source of abundant low energy $${\mu }^{+}$$

μ

+

has only become available in recent years, e.g. at the Low-Energy Muon beamline at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Using this source, we report on the successful creation of an intense, directed beam of metastable Muonium. We find that even though the theoretical Muonium fraction is maximal in the low energy range of 2–5 keV, scattering by the foil and transport characteristics of the beamline favor slightly higher $${\mu }^{+}$$

μ

+

energies of 7–10 keV. We estimate that an event detection rate of a few events per second for a future Lamb shift measurement is feasible, enabling an increase in precision by two orders of magnitude over previous determinations.