bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastasis progression through the interplay between the immune system and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition in circulating breast tumor cells
Authors: Khoshbakht Samane , Jamalkandi Sadegh Azimzadeh , Masudi-Nejad Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are the critical initiator of systemic dissemination of cancer, contributing to distant metastasis formation. The metastatic cascades rely on the fundamental roles of different types of CTCs. In which the dual immune responses and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) are of two metastasis-driving phenomena and require more molecular assessments.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the transcriptomic modular pattern of single/cluster circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The co-expression analysis implemented, and we could detect two metastatic subnetworks indicating the immune responses and EMT in CTCs. Furthermore, a directed subnetwork identified in the KEGG database. The metastatic potential of subnetworks assessed and validated by classification methods on primary tumors. And, we could fit risk models to distant-metastasis survival of patients.ResultsOur results show the crosstalk among EMT, immune system, menstrual cycles, and stemness in CTCs. In which, fluctuation of menstrual cycles (hormone-related signals) is a new detected pathway in CTCs in breast cancer. The immune SVM model showed high metastatic potential in classifying patients metastatic/non-metastatic groups (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity scores are 78%). The distant-metastasis free survival model could be used to stratify patients into low, medium, and high-risk groups. Finally, PTCRA, F13A1, LAT, ICAM2, and SNRPC are novel detected biomarkers in breast cancer.ConclusionIn conclusion, different types of CTCs, including cluster/single cells, are metastasis-leading elements in breast cancer. In which, individual assessment of their intrinsic biological properties may assist elucidating metastasis-related mechanisms. These findings may apply to develop superior treatments in the clinic.
Knowledge and Myths about Preeclampsia and Eclampsia and its influence on Antenatal Service Utilization among Expecting Couples in Mtwara Regional: A Cross Sectional Analytical Study.
Authors: Machenje Aziza Shaibu , Kibusi Stephen M. , Gibore Nyasiro , Lilungulu Athanase , Moshi Fabiola V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background : Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia and eclampsia are the major health problem and the main cause of the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Tanzania. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and myths about preeclampsia and eclampsia and its influence in Antenatal Clinics (ANC) utilization among expecting couples in Mtwara region.Method : A community based cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Mtwara Region, a random sampling procedure was employed to obtain a sample size of 384 couples with a total of 768 participants (male=384 and female =384). Interviewer structured questionnaire was used for data collection and Statistical package for social science (SPSS v.20) software was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics, cross tabulation, Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted and inferential statistics were used to test association between variables obtained.Results: Among 768 participants, only 292(38%) had adequate knowledge about preeclampsia and eclampsia. More than a half 396(51.6%) of study respondents had weak myths while 372(48.4%) had strong myths on pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Furthermore 492(64%) had adequate antenatal care utilization. Study participants who had adequate knowledge on pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were almost 3 times more likely to utilize antenatal care services (AOR = 2.827; CI = 1.719 – 4.651; p<0.001). Study participants who had weak myth on pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were less likely to have adequate antenatal care attendance (AOR =0.370; CI = 0.0229-0.599; p< 0.001)Conclusion : The overall knowledge of preeclampsia and eclampsia was low. Majority of the female had adequate antenatal service utilization. Majority of respondents had weak myths. Government and stakeholders should ensure that community is equipped with knowledge about preeclampsia and eclampsia and the available Myths should be dispelled.
Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolomic Profiles of Wild and Captive Chinese Monals (Lophophorus Lhuysii)
Authors: Jiang Dandan , He Xin , Valitutto Marc , Chen Li , Xu Qin , Yao Ying , Hou Rong , Wang Hairui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background：The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains of southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolomics of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal rRNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiome composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results: The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial species in the two groups showed remarkable differences at all levels. Metabolomic profiling revealed a concurrent difference, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, these metabolites in difference are have a strong correlation with the main microbe in genus level.Conclusions: Various factors related to diet and environmental conditions played a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiome composition and metabolomic profile. Through this study, we have established a baseline for a normal gut microbiome and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive specimens has an impact on their overall health and reproduction.
New Compound Heterozygous CYP4V2 Mutations in Bietti Crystalline Corneoretinal Dystrophy
Authors: Wang Ting , Chen Qingshan , Kuang Longhao , Wang Jiantao , Yan Xiaohe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Bietti crystalline corneoretinal dystrophy (BCD) is an autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy which is caused by the mutations of CYP4V2.Here we identified new CYP4V2compound heterozygous mutations in BCD.Methods:381 pathogenic genes related to retinal diseases were screened by targeted sequence capture array techniques and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.Results:Two female siblings with BCD carry two compound heterozygous mutations in CYP4V2. One was missense mutation c.1198C>T (p.R400C) and the other was frameshift mutation c.802-8_810delinsGC (p.V268_E329del).Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that the ellipsoid zone was absent in the macular regions and electroretinogram (ERG) revealed poor cone and rod responses. Conclusions:Newcompound heterozygous mutations in CYP4V2 are related to the BCD.Our study expands our knowledge of heterogenic phenotypes and genotypes through genetic diagnosis of the BCD patients.
Effects of different pretreatment methods on microbial recovery of infected tissues
Authors: Fang Xinyu , Cai Yuanqing , Zhang Lvheng , Yang Xurong , Nie Lixiong , Huang Zida , Li Wenbo , Zhang Chaofan , Yang Bin , Zhang Wenming , Guan Zhenpeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different pretreatment methods on the degree of microbial recovery in infected tissues. Standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC) and Candida albicans (CA) were used to construct single-surface, full-surface, and internal infection models in sterile pork tissue. Manual milling (MM), mechanical homogenization (MH), ultrasonic lysis (UL), dithiothreitol (DTT), and direct culture (DC) were used to pretreat infection tissues, the ability of the different pretreatment methods to achieve pathogen recovery in the different bacterial infection models was compared. At the same time, periprosthetic tissues collected from periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) were pretreated with the same methods. We showed that regardless of whether the single-surface or full-surface infection model was used in SA, EC, and CA infection, the microbial acquisition in the MH group was significantly higher than that in the MM (P <0.01) and UL groups (P <0.01). In the internal infection model, the microbial acquisition of the MH group was significantly higher than that of the MM (P <0.01), UL (P <0.01), DTT (P <0.01), and DC groups (P <0.01). In the PJI cases, the number of bacterial colonies obtained by MH was significantly higher than that obtained by other pretreatment methods (P = 0.004). The effects of MH and DTT in microbial recovery were significantly better than that of DC, UL and MM, and these methods can be used to process multiple tissue samples at the same time, which can further improve the efficiency of clinical microbial diagnosis.
Clinical Features and Lymphocyte Subsets in Recovered Covid-19 Patients With Prolonged Viral Rna Shedding Duration
Authors: Zhang Wei-yun , Wu Kai , Liu Ying-ying , Wang Chang-guo , Huang Jian-an , Jiang Jun-hong , Zeng Da-xiong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread in many countries.Data about viral shedding duration, particularly the prolonged ones of the pathogen SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is scarce. The longest viral RNA sheddingduration reported previously was 37 days. Herein, we report the clinical and immunologic features ofrecovered COVID-19cases with a medium viral RNA shedding duration of 44 days. Cases presentation: Nine laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases from Wuhan with viral RNA shedding duration more than 30 days were included in our study,5 of them were moderate.Althoughinflammatory markers were significantlyhigher, the medium duration in severepatients was similar to that in moderate patients (44.5days vs. 43.6days). Severepatients showed higher NK cells levels, although the T cells and B cells were lower as compared with moderate patients. Contrary to previous reports in influenza, prolonged viralshedding time did not cause poor prognosis in this study.Conclusions: There could be characteristic immunological dysfunction in COVID-19 patients with prolonged viral shedding durationand interestingly, prolonged viral shedding duration seemed not to be related with poor prognosis.
Feasibility for SARS-CoV-2 Tests in the Hospital: An Exposure Analysis of Critical Control Points Approach
Authors: Feng Tingting , Leptihn Sebastian , Li Mingyue , Guo Mingquan , Gao Jing , Li Qingtian , Zeng lingbing , Zhou Yuhua , Wei Yanxia , Guo Xiaokui , Temperton Nigel , Cui Zelin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective Goal of this work is to assess the feasibility to perform COVID-19 RNA tests within hospitals and communities experiencing SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreaks, to ultimately provide recommendations for hospitals with so-called fever clinics. In China, these specialised clinics within a hospital, specifically receive outpatients who have fever symptoms.Methods A team with expertise in the Exposure Analysis of Critical Control Points (EACCP) framework first identified potential infection routes during the testing for SARS-CoV-2, then constructed and tested flow diagrams, which were confirmed under actual conditions, demonstrating the feasibility to be carried out in hospitals with fever clinics. The team determined critical control points to mitigate the exposure risks at each control point.Findings The sampling and inactivation steps of clinical samples in fever clinics appeared to be associated with particularly high risk levels of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Moderate levels of exposure were associated with storage and transportation of samples for inactivation; Low risk levels were associated with the transportation, storage and detection steps after inactivation.Conclusion To minimise risks of infection for personnel, optimised processes to carry out SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests in hospitals with fever clinics in China are proposed. The high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure during procedures preceding testing are the sampling and biological inactivation, which can be reduced by using full personal protective equipment and the use of BSL2 facilities in fever clinics or mobile BSL2 platforms. The implementation of the Exposure Analysis of Critical Control Points framework could facilitate rapid responses to outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.
Nuclear ING3 Expression is Correlated With a Good Prognosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Chen Chuang , Luo Bin , Yan Dandan , Yan Honglin , Chen Fangfang , Guan Feng , Wu Hao , Yuan Jingping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The inhibitor of growth (ING) family is discovered as the type II tumor suppressors, which regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells through multiple pathways.ING3, a new member of ING family, has been reported to be downregulatedin several types of tumors. However, few studies on ING3 in breast cancer have been reported. In this study, we investigated the expression of ING3 and determined its prognostic value in breast cancer.Methods: The immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of ING3 in tissue microarrays (TMA) including breast cancer tissues (n=211) andnormal breast tissues (n=50).Results: In normal breast tissues, ING3 protein was detected in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In breast cancer tissues, ING3 protein was principally detected in the cytoplasm. Compared with benign breast tumor tissues, the expression of ING3 in nucleus was remarkably reduced in breast cancer tissues. The downregulated ING3 in nucleus was significantly correlated with clinicopathological characteristics including histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and the status of ER and PR. In HER2 positive-type and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, it had the lower rate of nuclear ING3 with high expression than that in luminal-type. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that the reduced expression of ING3 in nucleus was correlated with a poorer 5-DFS and 5-OS of breast cancer patients. Importantly, multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that the reduced expression of ING3 in nucleus was an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer.Conclusions: Our study comprehensively described the expression of ING3 in breast cancer for the first time and proved that it was an independent prognostic predictor of breast cancer, as well as a new idea for study of breast cancer.
High temperature slows coronavirus disease 2019 transmission rate: A within and among country analysis
Authors: Kotsiou Ourania S , Kotsios Vaios S , Lampropoulos Ioannis , Zidros Thomas , Zarogiannis Sotirios G , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global issue. The relationships between temperature and incidence, transmission, or survival of many enveloped coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have been previously widely investigated. However, there has been a lively debate in the literature over whether higher temperatures modulate coronaviruses’ infectivity and spreading, which sets a fertile ground for research on a global scale. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between day-to-day temperature variability and daily COVID-19 incidence rate, as well as the time is taken to reach the total number of 200 confirmed COVID-19 cases within the worst-hit countries by the pandemic. Methods: A within and among countries analysis of the relationship between daily fluctuations in the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases and temperature for the period starting from 31st December 2019 to 29th March 2020, was conducted. The 46 worst-hit countries by the pandemic were included in the analysis.Results: What emerges from our results is that daily new COVID-19 cases were negatively correlated with daily temperature variation. Moreover, higher temperatures were positively correlated with a longer time to reach a standard number of confirmed COVID-19 cases within countries. Notably, countries with daily average temperatures below 20°C had a faster transmission rate than countries with higher daily average temperatures. Conclusions: Our study provides further insights into the hypothesis that there is an association between temperature and rate of COVID-19 spread within a country.
Performing Data Mining to Explain the Correlation between the BIRC5 Gene and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Dongsheng Hong , YanFang Zhang , Ziqi Ye , Jing Chen , Xiaoyang Lu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly malignant cancers in women, and BIRC5 has been found to be overexpressed in a variety of human tumors. Its expression is associated with the prognosis of many cancers. However, whether BIRC5 mRNA could be used as an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer remains inconsistent in previous studies.Methods: Altered BIRC5 expression in normal tissue relative to various tumor tissue and in breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes, clinical outcomes and chemotherapy responses were examined using the Oncomine, GOBO and Kaplan-Meier plotter datasets.Results: We found that many breast cancers had increased BIRC5 mRNA expression, and GOBO analysis showed that triple-negative cell lines displayed highest BIRC5 mRNA expression levels in the breast cancer cell line panel. Moreover, BIRC5 high mRNA expression was significantly associated with longer relapse-free survival (RFS) in all breast cancer patients. In particular, sub analysis revealed that high mRNA expression of BIRC5 was significantly associated with better survival in ER positive (HR = 2.05, p = 1e-16), but not in ER negative breast cancer (HR = 1.24, p = 0.1), furthermore, the results also demonstrated that BIRC5 high expression was significantly associated with longer RFS in luminal A (HR = 1.51, p = 3.1e-06) and luminal B (HR = 1.28, p = 0.026).Conclusions: In conclusion, BIRC5 is involved in the development and progression of breast cancer and may be a suitable prognostic marker for human breast cancer.
Dietary patterns and smartphone use in adolescents: A large-sample, cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Lee Ilju , Kim Jun Won , Choi Jae-Won 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to examine whether the frequency of consuming specific foods was associated with smartphone usage time and the problems caused by smartphone overuse in adolescents. Methods: Both routines (food consumption and smartphone use) were investigated in a large sample of Korean adolescents using a nationwide self-report survey. Food intake was assessed using a seven-point scale (“never” to “1, 2, and 3 or more times per day”) for nine items: fruits, vegetables, milk, soda, energy drinks, sweetened beverages, fast food, instant noodles, and snacks. Smartphone usage time and problematic usage were determined using self-report items. The study took place in Korea. In total, 62,276 students aged 12–18 years participated. Results: Most respondents (66.5%) used smartphones for over two hours per day. Higher rates of consuming fruits, vegetables, and milk were associated with significantly lower smartphone usage; in contrast, higher consumption of soda, energy drinks, sweetened beverages, fast food, instant noodles, and snacks was associated with higher smartphone use. Conclusions: Our findings provide useful clinical information regarding adolescents’ mental health. Future studies should investigate underlying mechanisms and examine the efficacy of adopting dietary interventions for adolescents with excessive smartphone use.
Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates from Women with Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Ghana - A Review of Laboratory Reports.
Authors: Pesewu George Antepim , Feglo Patrick Kwame , Boateng Richard Kwaku , Fayemiwo Samuel Adetona 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among women of childbearing age, and few of these women experience recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The study was aimed at determining the virulent factors, and antifungal susceptibility of the Candida species isolated from women with RVVC attending the Nkawie Government Hospital, Ashanti-Region, Ghana. Over a 6–month period (October 2016 to March 2017), a total of 288 women with RVVC were evaluated. Isolation of the yeast was performed after the inoculation of the vaginal specimens onto Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and incubated for 24-48 hours at 37oC. The isolates were identified by standardized conventional methods. The enzymatic activities of esterase, phospholipase, haemolysis and biofilm production were evaluated for the identification of the yeast isolates. Susceptibility to antifungal agents was determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Azole resistant isolates were further tested for ERG11 gene which encodes the enzyme (cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14-α-demethylase) by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Vaginal swabs cultures of 200 women (64.4) from 288 samples yielded Candida species. Candida albicans was the commonest isolated specie (33.0%), followed by Candida glabrata (29.5 %), Candida tropicalis (23.0%), and Candida krusei (15.5%). Hemolysin production, phospholipase enzyme activity, and biofilms formation were found in 84.5%, 83%, 77.5%.of the isolates respectively. Most phospholipase producing Candida isolates also formed biofilms. All Candida spp isolated were susceptible to itraconazole while majority of them were resistant to voriconazole. ERG11 genes were detected in 11.1% of Azole resistant Candida species. There is a significant increase in the rate of antifungal resistance among the Candida isolates to fluconazole and voriconazole. There is need for continuous surveillance as well as antifungal susceptibility testing on the Candida spp to guide therapy. A larger epidemiological study is also advocated to determining the degree of spread of ERG11 genes.
Adjusting the Morphology and Properties of SiC Nanowires by the Catalyst Control
Authors: Guo Chuchu , Cheng Laifei , Ye Fang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Herein, we report the growth of SiC nanowires on a single crystal Si substrate by pyrolysis of polycarbosilane and using two catalyst (Al2O3 and Ni) films with different thickness (2, 4, and 6 nm). The catalyst films were deposited on the Si substrate, and the SiC nanowires were grown according to two mechanisms, i.e., the oxide-assisted growth mechanism and vapor- liquid-solid mechanism. As a result, the pearl-chain-like SiC nanowires and straight SiC nanowires were obtained. The prepared nanowires exhibited excellent photoluminescence properties, the emission spectra displaying two emission peaks at 395 and 465 nm, and have good thermal stability below 1000℃.The experimental results revealed the importance of the catalyst in controlling the morphology and properties of SiC nanowires.