bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It's all window dressing:” Canadian police officers' perceptions of mental health stigma in their workplace
Authors: Bikos Lesley J. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study will provide a preliminary, general overview of Canadian police officers' perception of stigma toward mental illness in their workplace culture and its impacts.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a mixed methods approach with two nationwide datasets: a self-report survey (N = 727) and 116 semi-structured interviews with police officers from 31 police services. Results are grounded in theories of stigma, masculinities and organizational culture.FindingsResults indicate that most officers believe stigma toward mental illness in their workplace remains, despite senior management messaging and program implementation. Reporting mental illness was often seen as high risk, both personally and professionally. Policewomen, constables and those on leave reported statistically significant higher levels of perceived stigma and risk. Features of traditional masculinity were commonly reported, influencing the way individuals viewed themselves (self-stigma) and organizational response (structural stigma). Those with lived experience reported the highest levels of self and structural stigmatization, which often negatively impacted their recovery.Originality/valueThis study strengthens our understanding of how organizational culture and structure combine to contribute to the persistent presence of stigma in some Canadian police services (with implications for male-dominated occupations generally). Gender, rank, years of service and lived experience are additional areas of limited scholarship addressed by this study. The findings have important implications for effective program and policy evaluation and development.
Nerve guidance conduit promoted peripheral nerve regeneration in rats
Authors: Long Qingshan , Wu Bingshan , Yang Yu , Wang Shanhong , Shen Yiwen , Bao Qinghua , Xu Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) is important for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, its short half‐life and rapid diffusion in body fluids limit its clinical efficacy. Collagen has favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, and weak immunogenicity. Because it possesses an NGF binding domain, we cross‐linked heparin to collagen tubes to construct nerve guidance conduits for delivering NGF. The conduits were implanted to bridge a facial nerve defect in rats. Histological and functional analyses were performed to assess the effect of the nerve guidance conduit on facial nerve regeneration. Heparin enhanced the binding of NGF to collagen while retaining its bioactivity. Also, the nerve guidance conduit significantly promoted axonal growth and Schwan cell proliferation at 12 weeks after surgery. The nerve regeneration and functional recovery outcomes using the nerve guidance conduit were similar to those of autologous nerve grafting. Therefore, the nerve guidance conduit may promote safer nerve regeneration.
Outcome after single‐site robotic cholecystectomy: An initial single center's experience
Authors: Ricciardiello Marco , Grottola Tommaso , Panaccio Paolo , Esposito Ludovica M , Montemitro Chiara , Mucilli Felice , Ciavarella Davide , di Sebastiano Pierluigi , di Mola Fabio Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for symptomatic gallbladder disease, a single‐incision approach may be a new challenge in order to achieve minimization of surgical trauma. Single‐site robotic cholecystectomy (SSRC) is able to offset the ergonomic limitation of laparoscopic single‐site cholecystectomy and improves cosmesis.MethodsWe present a single‐institution initial experience of SSRC for cholecystolithiasis. Intra‐operative and post‐operative data of patients were reviewed to assess the technical feasibility and cosmetic outcome.ResultsWe evaluated a series of 27 consecutive patients retrospectively analyzed and prospectively collected who underwent SSRC. One patient was excluded from the final analysis because they converted to open procedure. The female/male ratio was 17/9, with mean age of 48 ± 12 years. The body mass index mean value was 26.0 ± 4.2. The mean operative time was 99.6 ± 21.5 minutes. No intra‐ or post‐operative complications and readmissions were recorded. At 12 months follow up, every patient received the Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) and a Photo Series Questionnaire. We recorded three patients (11.5%) with post‐operative incisional hernia. Scores of the BIQ subscale for body image perception were 6 ± 1.2, while the scores of scar cosmesis were 21.1 ± 3.0. A statistically significant improvement in scar self‐rating from T0 to T1 (P < .01) was found.ConclusionIn our initial experience SSRC may be preferred to treat patients with higher needs in terms of cosmesis and body image perception. Lower costs for rent, maintenance and consumables may allow the spread of robotic surgery also for singe site cholecystectomy.
‘Lonely in my head’: The experiences of loneliness in individuals with brain injury
Authors: Lowe Niamh , Crawley Lorraine , Wilson Charlotte , Waldron Brian 
Published: December 2020

Primary objectiveThis paper reports on the personal experiences of loneliness for individuals living with brain injury.Research designThis is a qualitative research design, employing semi‐structured interviews and subsequent contextualist thematic analysis.Methods and proceduresEleven clients (two female and nine male, aged between 27 and 63 years) with brain injury participated in semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed in the interpretation of the data.Main outcomes and resultsThe interview data and subsequent analysis depicted three overarching themes in a healing process – ‘Internal Loneliness’, ‘Healing the Cracks’, and ‘Visible with Cracks’. Participants described five factors which contribute to their feeling of loneliness: trauma, social isolation, concealment, rejection of part of self, and invisibility of their disability. The participants’ accounts also detailed the necessity of a therapeutic intervention and relationship to deal with and address some of these issues.ConclusionsThis study highlights that processing the trauma, developing dialectical thinking, self‐compassion, and a degree of self‐acceptance assist in the movement of participants towards allowing themselves to be ‘Visible with Cracks’. This allowance of self to be fully seen appears to serve an important function for reconnection with self and others. These results may help to inform brain injury rehabilitative care, through developing their understanding of the internal loneliness factors that may be influencing an individual’s social isolation or social withdrawal.
Family‐centred early intervention: Comparing practitioners' actual and desired practices
Authors: García‐Ventura Simón , Mas Joana Maria , Balcells‐Balcells Anna , Giné Climent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Spain, as in other countries, there has been a deep and intense process of change towards the adoption and use of family‐centred practices (FCPs) on early intervention (EI). Despite that several international organizations have recommended FCPs be embedded in EI services, researchers on this field have highlighted a recommendation–implementation gap, as well as the need to point investigation on practitioners and intervention variables involved. Consequently, our goals were to describe and compare the practitioners' appraisals on actual and desired practices in Spain and to explore the relationships between practitioners and intervention characteristics and the use of recommended practices.MethodsA survey including practitioner and intervention characteristics measures was used to obtain data needed. The actual and desired practices were explored through the Family Orientation of Community and Agency Services Scale. The participants were 119 EI Spanish practitioners whose programmes were in the first stages of different FCP implementation projects.ResultsPractitioners reported actual practices to be less family centred than they would like, moderately in line with FCP. They reported desired practices as quite close to recommended practices. Intervention characteristics were related to actual practices, whereas practitioner characteristics were not.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the recommendation–implementation gap still exists in our context, as well as in other countries. Intervention characteristics seem to be one of the key elements significantly influencing actual practices, though additional research is needed. A comprehensive framework for implementation is needed to bridge the gap between recommendation practices and the use of these practices.
Acral lymphomatoid papulosis: Report of five cases, differential diagnosis, and review
Authors: Machan Salma , Juárez Martín África , Cullen Aravena Daniella , Haro Rosario , Pielasinski Úrsula , Fuertes Laura , Córdoba Raúl , Santonja Carlos , Rodríguez‐Pinilla Socorro María , Requena Luis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcral lymphomatoid papulosis (a‐LyP) is a rare clinical variant of LyP whose diagnosis may be challenging. A case series of a‐LyP was studied clinically, histopathologically, immunohistochemically, and from molecular point of view. Including ours, 25 cases of a‐LyP have so far been reported. Clinically, a‐LyP may present as acral involvement exclusively, in combination with mucosal lesions, (in itself a rare presentation), or in association with conventional LyP. The age of presentation was slightly higher than that of conventional LyP (55 vs 45 years) and a male predominance has been observed, as usually reported. Histopathologically, no morphological differences exclusively from conventional LyP were observed. LyP types A and E were the main variants. We describe for the first time one case of type D a‐LyP. Acral LyP is a rare entity and correct diagnosis can only be reached with clinical and histopathological correlation, to avoid aggressive treatment of this indolent lymphoproliferative disorder.
Checklist for the initial evaluation of oral and maxillofacial trauma
Authors: de Souza Glaciele M. , Fernandes Ighor A. , Galvão Endi L. , Falci Saulo G. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThe standardization of the maxillofacial examination using a validated checklist is highly important. A checklist can also be a valuable tool for epidemiological studies, as it provides all clinical information related to maxillofacial trauma. The aim of this study was to propose a new checklist for the initial evaluation of maxillofacial trauma.Material and MethodsThe development and validation of the new checklist were performed in four consecutive phases: (a) determination of items and development of the checklist; (b) analysis by experts; (c) pre‐test; and (d) pilot study. The checklist was designed as follows: (a) Specific signs and symptoms (Part 1); (b) Specific signs and symptoms (Part 2); (c) Intraoral signs and symptoms; and (d) Imaging examination.ResultsA good level of agreement was found among the experts and no items were excluded during the validation step. The administration of the instrument to the target population revealed the lack of some important aspects of the clinical evaluation, such as halitosis, otorrhea, petechiae, eyelid ptosis, hypo/hyperacusis, and temporomandibular join sounds. These missing signs were included in the final version.ConclusionsThis checklist is a practical guide that can be used by specialists or students in oral and maxillofacial surgery and it can contribute to the quality of health care at outpatient and oral‐maxillofacial surgery services for patients with maxillofacial trauma.
A case of Melkersson‐Rosenthal syndrome with endocrine disorders: Extraordinary efficiency of hydroxychloroquine and mechanism hypothesis
Authors: Wang Shimeng , Wang Hongmei , Shi Xueke , Wu Fanglong , Lv Ling , Hu Mingjia , Sun Wanxin , Wu Lanyan , Zhou Hongmei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeMelkersson‐Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare neuro‐mucocutaneous disease. In addition to the traditional clinical triad, there is also a diversity of clinical signs, and it may be related to other systemic diseases.MethodsIn the present study, we report a case of MRS with endocrine disorders that exhibits extraordinary therapeutic efficiency by using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), explore whether there is an internal connection between MRS and endocrine disorders, and discuss the mechanism of the therapeutic efficiency of using HCQ. The hypothesis proposed for the first time is that MRS may essentially be a systemic granulomatous disease.ResultsThe physical examination revealed orofacial swelling and fissured tongue. The histopathologic examination showed epithelioid granulomas. Combined with the other examination, this case was diagnosed as incomplete MRS. HCQ and local drugs were introduced. The patient achieved clinical recovery and psychological cure by the 18‐week follow‐up, and the 1‐year follow‐up found no reactivation of MRS. Moreover, the levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic were within normal ranges.ConclusionsAfter the drug therapy was targeted at granuloma, not only did all of the symptoms related to MRS disappear, but the endocrine system also returned to normal. It is speculated that the endocrine disorder in this patient may be related to MRS. We further propose the first‐time hypothesis that MRS may essentially be a systemic granulomatous disease. It provides a new medication method with high‐level efficiency.
Effect of head and tail rope‐assisted recovery of horses after elective and emergency surgery under general anaesthesia
Authors: Nicolaisen A.‐S. Kock , Bendix Nygaard A. , Christophersen M. T. , Jensen D. B. , Lindegaard C. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe recovery phase is a critical period during equine anaesthesia. In an attempt to reduce the risk of recovery, several recovery systems, including head and tail ropes, have been developed over time. However, the clinical safety and efficacy of these systems have not been compared to a nonassisted group in a larger study. The objective of this comparative, retrospective, nonrandomised single‐centre study was to determine whether the risk of developing fatal and nonfatal complications after general anaesthesia is reduced in horses assisted with head and tail ropes during recovery compared with horses recovering unassisted. Included were all horses undergoing general anaesthesia at the Large Animal Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, from 2010 to 2019. Analysed data included age, body mass, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of physical status (ASA score), type of surgery and anaesthetic duration. Complications were divided into none, fatal and nonfatal. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the risk and predictors of fatal and nonfatal complications using the built‐in R function ‘step’. Tukey’s honest significance difference test was applied to determine significance, set at P<0.05, within the categorical variables of the reduced models. The study included 1252 horses: 662 recovered with assistance (group A) and 590 without (group NA). Overall recovery‐associated mortality was 1.4%: 0.6% in group A and 2.2% in group NA. Both emergency abdominal surgery (P = 0.004) and duration of surgery (P = 0.0001) affected the risk of fatal complications negatively. Assisted recovery (P = 0.02) significantly reduced the risk of fatal complications after emergency abdominal surgery. The limitation of the study was a lack of randomisation and potentially a larger proportion of sedation among assisted horses. It was concluded that emergency abdominal surgery and duration of anaesthesia are significant risk factors for fatal complications during recovery. Head and tail rope‐assisted recovery is a significant factor of reducing fatal complications during recovery after emergency abdominal surgery.
Bacteria and virulence factors in periapical lesions associated with teeth following primary and secondary root canal treatment
Authors: Bronzato J. D. , Davidian M. E. S. , de Castro M. , de‐Jesus‐Soares A. , Ferraz C. C. R. , Almeida J. F. A. , Marciano M. A. , Gomes B. P. F. A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the microbial profile and to quantify the levels of endotoxins (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) present in periapical lesions associated with root filled teeth and those that had received root canal retreatment. It also aimed to investigate the association between microorganisms and their virulence factors with clinical and radiographic features.MethodologyPatients with periapical lesions in teeth with post‐treatment endodontic disease following primary root canal treatment (n = 19) and unsuccessful root canal retreatment (n = 13) were treatment planned for endodontic microsurgery, where the periapical lesions were collected. Clinical and radiographic data were also collected. For microbiological analysis, nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 17 bacterial species. Levels of LPS and LTA were determined using limulus amebocyte lysate and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The Student t‐test or Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were applied to compare the data on LPS and LTA with clinical and radiographic features. The associations between the clinical and radiographic features and the bacterial species were analysed using the Fisher’s exact test. A significance level of 5% was adopted.ResultsBacterial DNA, LPS and LTA were detected in all samples. Parvimonas micra was the most commonly detected species in all groups, followed by Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas endodontalis. The type of endodontic treatment, whether a primary root canal treatment or retreatment, was not associated with the presence of any bacterial species in periapical lesions. The levels of LPS and LTA in periapical lesions of root filled teeth were not significantly different from those that had been retreated. Associations between the levels of LPS and LTA with clinical signs and symptoms were found. No association was found between specific bacteria and clinical features.ConclusionPeriapical lesions associated with teeth after primary root canal treatment and retreatment had similar polymicrobial composition. The levels of LPS and LTA in periapical lesions associated with teeth after primary root canal treatment and retreatment were similar, and both were associated with the same symptomatology.
Adjacent relations of primary phase fields and invariant reactions of the system CaO‐SiO2‐Nb2O5‐La2O3
Authors: Liu Chengjun , Qiu Jiyu , Liu Zhengyue , Zhu Deying , Wang Yeguang , Jiang Maofa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe adjacent relation of primary phase fields and corresponding invariant reactions of the system CaO‐SiO2‐Nb2O5‐La2O3 are of great importance for the study on its phase diagram. In the present work, the phase equilibrium in the high w(La2O3) region of CaO‐SiO2‐Nb2O5‐La2O3 system was studied by thermodynamic equilibrium experiment. The adjacent relation of primary phase fields was determined and represented in the form of adjacent tetrahedrons. The Alkemade Rule applicable to quaternary phase diagram was deduced, which can be used to infer the liquidus temperature trend on univariant curves. The rule was then used to determine the possible temperature range of invariant reactions corresponding to the adjacent tetrahedron in CaO‐SiO2‐Nb2O5‐La2O3 system, and the result was shown in the form of Schairer diagram. Finally, the reaction types of five invariant points were determined according to the Lever Rule for quaternary phase diagram, including:① L1+CaO·3SiO2·2La2O3→CaO·SiO2+SiO2+La2O3·Nb2O5,② L2→CaO·SiO2+La2O3·Nb2O5+SiO2+CaO·Nb2O5,③ L3+CaO·3SiO2·2La2O3+2CaO·Nb2O5→10CaO·6SiO2·Nb2O5+La2O3·Nb2O5,④ L4+10CaO·6SiO2·Nb2O5→CaO·SiO2+2CaO·Nb2O5+La2O3·Nb2O5,⑤ L5+2CaO·Nb2O5→CaO·Nb2O5+La2O3·Nb2O5+CaO·SiO2.
Associations of atrial fibrillation progression with clinical risk factors and clinical prognosis: A report from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study
Authors: Yang Wang‐Yang , Du Xin , Fawzy Ameenathul M. , He Liu , Li Hong‐Wei , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Ma Chang‐Sheng ,   The Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn understanding of the risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) progression and the associated impacts on clinical prognosis are important for the future management of this common arrhythmia. We aimed to investigate the rate of progression from paroxysmal (PAF) to more sustained subtypes of AF (SAF), the associated risk factors for this progression, and its impact on adverse clinical outcomes.Methods and ResultsUsing data from the Chinese trial Fibrillation Registry study, we included 8290 PAF patients. Half of them underwent initial AF ablation at enrollment. The main outcomes were ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (IS/SE), cardiovascular hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and all‐cause mortality. The median follow‐up duration was 1091 (704, 1634) days, and progression from PAF to SAF occurred in 881 (22.5%) nonablated patients, while 130 (3.0%) ablated patients had AF recurrence and developed SAF. The incidence rate of AF progression for the cohort was 3.87 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.64–4.12) per 100 patient‐years, being higher in nonablated compared to ablated patients. Older age, longer AF history, heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, respiratory diseases, and larger atrial diameter were associated with a higher incidence of AF progression, while antiarrhythmic drug use and AF ablation were inversely related to it. For nonablated patients, AF progression was independently associated with an increased risk of IS/SE (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.15–2.01) and cardiovascular hospitalizations (HR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.23–1.58).ConclusionAF progression was common in its natural course. It was related to comorbidities and whether rhythm control strategies were used, and was associated with an increased risk of IS/SE and cardiovascular hospitalization.