bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic potential assessment of rare earth extraction sequence based on rule-based framework
Authors: M. Yunus M. Y. , Ismail N. A. , A. Aziz B. 
Published: July 2020

Rare Earth Element (REE) is a unique group of metals which mainly comprises seventeen (17) elements, which fifteen (15) elements from the lanthanides group plus Scandium and Yttrium. This REE can be divided into heavy rare earth element (HREE) and light rare earth element (LREE) categories. During the initial extraction stage, the LREE is separated from HREE of the original ore and the sub-separations are then conducted subsequently corresponding to the respective categories. However, the separation difficulty becomes rather critical in a certain context, whenever the HREE is the major element to be extracted relative to LREE. In addition, there are no systematic guidelines procedures available to determine which specific separation pathway is more economically feasible among the various extraction options that exist. Thus, this study proposes a systematic quantitative rule-based framework, by excel modelling, in assessing comprehensively the economic potential of any separation model of REE processing that considered, whereby the standard characterization of monazite mineral composition is utilized as the main case study. This work also adopts the separation factor value of HDEHP-HCL as well as EHEHPA-HCL as the main extraction platforms. The findings suggest that the former extractant is effective for the extraction of light REE (LREE), while the latter incline to prefer the medium and heavy REE (MREE and HREE) particularly on the ground of separation stages factor. In light of the initial results, this study also proposes a hybrid approach in performing the complete optimal REE separation that specifically based on the sequence of ‘Art versus Science’ (AvsS) structure. These results have demonstrated that the proposed quantitative rule-based framework able to determine the optimal separation pathway provided the complete separation factor values and the mineral characterization of REE are available for assessment. Thus, this new method is suitably applied as a tool or guidelines in the feasibility study of any processing design for REE separation.
Mechanical characterization of heat treated Al2219 hybrid composites
Authors: M. C. Gowrishankar , Sharma Sathyashankara , Pavan B. K. , Kiran Kamath , Rajendra Kumar , Hiremath Pavan , Shettar Manjunath 
Published: July 2020

Aluminium alloy matrix composites with Al2O3 reinforcements exhibit superior mechanical properties and utilize in several demanding fields’ viz., automobile, aerospace, defense, sports equipment, electronics and bio-medical. The present work emphasizes on improvement of microstructure and mechanical properties of age hardened graphite and alumina reinforced Al alloy matrix hybrid composites. Different composites with a constant carbon content of 1 weight % and 0, 2, 4 and 6 weight % Al2O3 as reinforcements are fabricated by using stir casting technic and tested for hardness, tensile and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is performed to analyse the failure mode under tensile load. All the composites are subjected to age hardening treatment with solutionising temperature of 530oC and aging temperatures of 100 and 200oC. The peak hardness of the composites at two aging temperatures are noted. Tensile and impact tests are conducted for the peak aged specimens. Results show substantial increase in the hardness of the age hardened specimens in the range of 34-44% in comparison with the as cast specimens. Result analysis shows increase in tensile strength (upto 40%) and decrease in impact resistance (upto 33%) with the increase in weight % of reinforcements. As the aging temperature increases a reduction in tensile strength and impact resistance is observed in each composites.
Evaluation of induced residual stresses on AISI 1020 low carbon steel plate from experimental and FEM approach during TIG welding process
Authors: Owunna I. B. , Ikpe A. E. 
Published: July 2020

Induced residual stresses on AISI 1020 low carbon steel plate during Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process was evaluated in this study using experimental and Finite Element Method (FEM). The temperature range measured from the welding experimentation was 251°C-423°C, while the temperature range measured from the FEM was 230°C-563°C; whereas, the residual stress range measured from the welding experimentation was 144MPa-402Mpa, while the residual range measured from the FEM was 233-477MPa respectively. Comparing the temperature and stress results obtained from both methods, it was observed that the range of temperature and residual stresses measured were not exactly the same due to the principles at which both methods operate but disparities between the methods were not outrageous. However, these values can be fed back to optimization tools to obtain optimal parameters for best practices. Results of the induced stress distribution was created from a static study where the thermal results were used as loading conditions and it was observed that the temperature increased as the von-Mises stress increased, indicating that induced stresses in welded component may hamper the longevity of such component in service condition. Hence, post-weld heat treatment is imperative in order to stress relieve metals after welding operation and improve their service life.
Analysis of wind energy potential and wind energy development to evaluate performance of wind turbine installation in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Satwika Nyoman Ade , Hantoro R. , Septyaningrum E. , Mahmashani A. W. 
Published: July 2020

In recent years, Wind power generation in Indonesia is no longer a new issue. Indonesia has average velocity from 2 m/s to 7 m/s. With the characteristic it, Indonesia is suitable for small (10 kW) and medium wind turbine installation (10-100 kW. Based on the monitoring data from meteorological, climatological, and geophysical agency (BMKG), the average wind velocity in Bali is 2 m/s – 5m/s, hence Bali has potential to development and utilization the source for wind turbine installation, There are four stations of BMKG in Bali, which each station is supervise the region. Weibull distribution has been represented on this research to calculate and determine the probability of the each of region to know the availibility of the source. Literally, Jembrana station has the lowest availability of power available from the district and cities in Bali, with 0-0.2 W/m2, compared with some districts and cities in Bali, with wind density power between 0-2.88 W/m2 and also the KHK station has the highest probabiity of wind velocity than the other regions. Reconstruction design had been done, with basic data from probability in Bali. The result shows that the redesign of wind turbine give an effective power to extract the wind source.
The Antiquities of Däbrä Zäyt Qǝddǝst Maryam (East Tǝgray, Ethiopia)
Authors: Nosnitsin Denis 
Published: July 2020

The article summarizes the results of the research at Däbrä Zäyt, one of the historical sites discovered by the team of the project Ethio-SPARE (Hamburg University, Hiob Ludolf Centre for Ethiopian Studies) in Gulo Mäḵäda, East Təgray. It presents different types of historical evidence (old church building of the site, an inscription, the church library) and focuses on the analysis of the fragments of the so-called “old Golden Gospel” of Däbrä Zäyt, written presumably by the same scribe as the one of the well-known ms. Vat. Aeth. 25.
Snakes and Sacrifices: Tentative Insights into the Pre-Christian Ethiopian Religion
Authors: Manzo Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Despite the recent efforts which were recently made in this field of study, our knowledge of the pre-Christian religion of Aksumite Northern Ethiopia remains very limited. This article presents the contribution that archaeology can make to debate on this topic. In particular, some archaeological finds from Betä Giyorgis, north of Aksum, and from Aksum itself which can be related to the cult of the snake and to the practice of human sacrifices are described. These finds, dating from the Proto-Aksumite (3rd–1st centuries B.C.) and the first part of the Aksumite (1st–4th centuries A.D.) periods, may support the reality of the cult of the snake and of the practice of human sacrifices, two elements characterizing the Ethiopian traditions related to Arwe, the mythic snake-king of Aksum. In the conclusions, these specific aspects which may have characterized the pre-Christian Ethiopian religion are put in a broader regional context, compared to what is known about similar cultic traits in the Nile valley, in the Near East, and in South Arabia. Possible links to be explored with further research covering the different traditions are suggested. Moreover, a possible evolution in the meaning of the snake in Ethiopia, from benevolent and helpful entity to dangerous monster, and, finally, to symbol of sin, is outlined.
Rim Transactions of liqe Bätre: A Preview of the Transactions on Lands in the mäzgäb of Ḥamärä-Noḫ
Authors: Guebreyesus Namouna 
Published: July 2020

The mäzgäb of Ḥamärä Noḫ, also known as the collection of documents preserved in the manuscript, London, British Library, Oriental 508 and edited by Guidi in 1906, comprises legal texts registered adjoining religious texts. This manuscript is a Four Gospel manuscript from the church of Ḥamärä Noḫ founded by Tewoflos in 1709. The accounts of the texts date from the 18th century, from the reign of aṣe Tewoflos to the reign of aṣe Gwalu, and take place in Gondär. One buyer who was very active in transactions around Ḥamärä Noḫ was Liqe Bätre. The contracts of sale in which he is named use complicated patterns and suggest a refined legal conception of land ownership, with the employ of the notion of rim. This type of tenure has received diverging interpretations by scholars. The study of Liqe Bätre’s contracts from Oriental 508 allows an understanding of rim as a type of tenure that may not include ownership of land. The justification for the exaggerated precaution of establishing guaranties in sales lies in the precarious tenure that this notion can imply.
Regularity and Uniformity in the Ethiopian Hagiographical Tradition: A Particular Focus on Narrating the Childhood of Saints
Authors: Alehegne Mersha 
Published: July 2020

The paper is an attempt to show how uniformity and regularity characterize the childhood of different Ethiopian saints as it is sketched in the Ethiopic hagiographic tradition. Presenting ample evidences from different hagiographies of Ethiopian saints, it tries to show how the saints’ early life follows a set of standardized patterns which are seen nearly as universal convention that is almost interchangeable between one saint and another. The discussion is focused on three patterns (infertility, prophecy/vision and old-child) of childhood where uniformity and regularity in the tradition are evident.
Arabic Loanwords in Selṭi
Authors: Leslau Wolf 
Published: July 2020

Sǝlṭi belongs to the East Gurage group, along with Wolane and Zway. The East Gurage group is closely related to Harari. The article has the following subsections:1. Correspondence between the Arabic and the Sǝlṭi consonants.2. The correspondence between the Sǝlṭi and the Arabic consonants.3. Observations on the loanwords.4. A list of the Arabic loanwords. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
Ethiopia, Europe and Modernity: A Preliminary Sketch
Authors: Crummey Donald 
Published: July 2020

This paper explores some of the issues of cultural epistemology which underlie the relations between Ethiopia and Europe. It briefly explores the origins of modern diplomatic contacts, arguing that the appropriation of modernity increasingly became a central concern of Ethiopia’s rulers in their relations with Europe. It then raises the question, if Europeanized modernity has increasingly marked Ethiopia in the twentieth century, how are we to discern Ethiopia’s contribution to this process? To what extent, in its modernization, has Ethiopia’s educated elite lost contact with an indigenous point of view? The paper argues that a critical appreciation of modernity in Ethiopia must be made against a background which historicizes the process whereby it came about, which takes fully into account the modes of reasoning embodied in Gǝʿǝz texts, and which privileges the views of those rural Ethiopians so lightly touched by modernity.
An Ethiopic Text in a Volume to Celebrate the Congress of Vienna, 1814–15
Authors: Ullendorff Edward 
Published: July 2020

The interest of this short inscription in Geʿez lies in the curious (and unexplained) reason why such a version on the Congress of Vienna should have been composed in Ethiopic. The name of the alleged writer, Dr. Middeldorpf, is otherwise unknown in Ethiopian studies. ATTENTION: Due to copy-right no online publication is provided.
Peutz-Jeghars’ syndrome, a rare genetic disorder: A case report
Authors: Mone Fabia Hannan , Roy Kuntal , Hasan, Gazi Zahirul , Roy Kaushik , Ahamed, Qazi Sazib , Jui Jannatul Ferdous 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a hereditary autosomal dominant disease characterized by benign hamartomatous polyps and mucocutaneous pigmentation in the digestive tract. It occurs mostly in the small intestine during first decade of life but frequently in the colon and stomach. Only a few cases have been reported in the duodenum1. Polyposis syndromes are common cause of adult intussusceptions, with polyps acting as lead points. Adult intussusceptions are rare and is almost always associated with that lead point2. Although hamartomatous polyps are not pre-malignant, there is an increased risk of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal malignancy, commonly involving the small bowel. Most patients of PJS presents with acute abdomen and diagnosed as intussusceptions, commonly entero-enteric type but colo-colic intussusceptions are rare in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome3. To the best of our knowledge, synchronous colo-colic intussusception association in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome has not been previously reported.
UPAYA PENYESUAIAN DIRI MANTAN NARAPIDANA DALAM MENANGGAPI STIGMA NEGATIF DI KECAMATAN KLAKAH, LUMAJANG
Authors: Fristian Wanda , Darvina S Vina Salvina , Sulismadi S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHumans are creatures created by the creator who have a social nature that will always need help from others to interact with each other. This study aims to determine the efforts of adjusting ex-convicts in the community in response to negative stigma. Examining the adjustment efforts of this ex-convict uses the Looking Glass Self Theory from C.H.Cooley and the Stigma Theory from Erving Goffman. This research uses a case study approach in qualitative research. Research subjects were ex-convicts who were selected using apurposive technique. The study was conducted in Klakah District, Lumajang Regency with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques using models from Miles and Huberman. Data validity test is done by the source triangulation method. The results of the research conducted by the author are the adjustment efforts made by ex-convicts to be able to return to the community environment will lead to positive and negative results, although it is difficult and requires a long time but the former drug can be accepted back by the community. AbstrakManusia adalah makhluk yang diciptakan oleh sang pencipta yang memiliki sifat sosial yang akan selalu membutuhkan bantuan dari orang lain untuk saling berinteraksi satu sama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya penyesuaian diri mantan narapidana dimasyarakat dalam menanggapi stigma negatif. Mengkaji upaya penyesuaian diri mantan narapidana ini menggunakan Teori Looking Glass Self dari C.H.Cooley dan Teori Stigma dari Erving Goffman. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dalam penelitian kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah mantan narapidana yang dipilih menggunakan dengan teknik purposive. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Klakah, Kabupaten Lumajang dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model dari Miles and Huberman. Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis adalah upaya penyesuaian yang dilakukan oleh mantan narapidana untuk dapat kembali di lingkungan masyarakat akan mengarah pada hasil positif dan negatif, walaupun sulit dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama tetapi mantan napi dapat diterima kembali oleh masyarakat.
THE CONCEPT AND APPLICATION OF COVENANT IN FINANCING GOLD PAWN BY SHARIA BANKS IN WEST JAVA
Authors: Nuraeni Neni , Sulastri Dewi , Zulbaidah Z 
Published: July 2020

Abstract: In Law Number 1 of 1974 Article 3 paragraphs 1 and 2, providing an explanation of the marriage principle is monogamous but is open, or in KHI using the term polygamy is limited to four wives, but with a record of the ability to provide and do justice towards his wives and children. Households that are built based on polygamy are part of a community that is a matter of controversy, but legal normativeity has been ratified and that a social reality occurs. The method is used in this study by collecting data in the form of literary literature (literature research), as for the steps in this study by reading literature in the form of books, articles, legislation and fatwas. The data is analyzed by qualitative descriptive method in order to obtain research results based on theories related to research The results showed that there were no women who were willing to be polygamous. In the case of polygamy, women are the object of violence wrapped neatly in household life. Abstrak: Salah satu bentuk inovasi yang dikeluarkan bank syariah untuk menunjang kebutuhan masyarakat adalah produk gadai emas syariah. Namun, kekhawatiran muncul terhadap produk rahn (gadai syariah) karena produk ini bukan merupakan aset produktif dalam menghasilkan keuntungan. Dengan adanya layanan ini, Bank Syariah hanya men­dapatkan keuntungan dari jasa pemeliharaan barang yang dijanjikan sebagai jaminan. Permasalahan muncul ketika keuntungan diambil dari persentase besaran pinjaman yang diberikan oleh Bank Syariah kepada nasabah sebagaimana praktik di perbankan kon­ven­­sional. Oleh karena itu, ini adalah topik yang menarik untuk dibahas di antara akademisi yang terkait dengan besaran dan perhitungan jasa pemeliharaan yang harus dibayar nasabah kepada Bank. Jika jasa pemeliharaan ditentukan berdasar­kan persen­tase dari jumlah pembiayaan atau pinjaman, maka terdapat nilai bunga kredit atas pembiayaan yang harus dikembalikan oleh nasabah sebagai jasa pemeliharaan yang dihitung dari besaran pinjaman tersebut. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisa konsep akad dan penerapan­nya dalam pembiayaan gadai emas di bank syariah. Adapun obyek studi ini adalah mengenai bank komersial Islam, termasuk Bank Syariah Mandiri dan Bank Jabar Banten Syariah.
Consumers’ response to different shelf life food labelling
Authors: Dordevic Dani , Cazalilla Rosa Maria , Javurkova Zdenka , Buchtova Hana , Jancikova Simona 
Published: July 2020

Respondents’ perception about the possible changes of best before date (BBD) to the date of the highest quality was the main aim of the survey. The survey consisted out of 1,107 respondents who were grouped according to their demographic characteristics and food labelling preferences. The results of the survey are indicating high acceptance rate towards new labelling, but without clear connection with their preferences. Another aspect of the research emphasised the respondents’ perception towards the price of healthier food commodities and revealed that education level has high impact ( P < 0.05) on their opinion and considerations. The survey gave important answers on possibility of changes of food labelling by which it would be affected food waste quantities. Certainly, each food type shelf life should be checked and labelled according to food perishability and consumers safeness. The changing of the BBD to the date of the highest quality according to our survey would be broadly accepted among all socio-demographic groups.
Gram Panchayat Adoption Advisor System
Authors: Raut R.G. 
Published: July 2020

Whenever any adopter tries to adopt the village from the website of sansad gram yojana adopter check the sorted list of villages. Sansad aadarsh gram yojana which promotes the citizen to adopt a village and work along with the community at the grass route level towards development of the villages, member of parliament, academic institutions, IT professionals, industries, NRI’s, NGO’s and individual volunteers are working to achieve the above mentioned goals in a participatory manner. The study describes a “Village Adoption Scheme” as a model for energizing the rural economy in India and to slow down rural-urban migration which research has shown to be harmful to both rural and urban people of India and their regions. In, gram Panchayat adoption advisor ,algorithm which is necessary is “Naïve Bays classifier algorithm”. Naïve Bays algorithm is used for classification of historical data. It classifies data as poor villages get priotarized.
Common-Reflection-Point-Based Prestack Depth Migration for Imaging Lithosphere in Python: Application to the Dense Warramunga Array in Northern Australia
Authors: Sun Weijia , L. N. Kennett Brian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We exploit estimates of P-wave reflectivity from autocorrelation of transmitted teleseismic P arrivals and their coda in a common reflection point (CRP) migration technique. The approach employs the same portion of the vertical-component seismogram, as in standard Ps receiver function analysis. This CRP prestack depth migration approach has the potential to image lithospheric structures on scales as fine as 4 km or less. The P-wave autocorrelation process and migration are implemented in open-source software—the autocorrelogram calculation (ACC) package, which builds on the widely used the seismological Obspy toolbox. The ACC package is written in the open-source and free Python programming language (3.0 or newer) and has been extensively tested in an Anaconda Python environment. The package is simple and friendly to use and runs on all major operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, and Linux). We utilize Python multiprocessing parallelism to speed up the ACC on a personal computer system, or servers, with multiple cores and threads. The application of the ACC package is illustrated with application to the closely spaced Warramunga array in northern Australia. The results show how fine-scale structures in the lithospheric can be effectively imaged at relatively high frequencies. The Moho ties well with conventional H−κ receiver analysis and deeper structure inferred from stacked autocorrelograms for continuous data. CRP prestack depth migration provides an important complement to common conversion point receiver function stacks, since it is less affected by surface multiples at lithospheric depths.