bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rechargeable proton exchange membrane fuel cell containing an intrinsic hydrogen storage polymer
Authors: Miyake Junpei , Ogawa Yasunari , Tanaka Toshiki , Ahn Jinju , Oka Kouki , Oyaizu Kenichi , Miyatake Kenji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising clean energy conversion devices in residential, transportation, and portable applications. Currently, a high-pressure tank is the state-of-the-art mode of hydrogen storage; however, the energy cost, safety, and portability (or volumetric hydrogen storage capacity) presents a major barrier to the widespread dissemination of PEMFCs. Here we show an ‘all-polymer type’ rechargeable PEMFC (RCFC) that contains a hydrogen-storable polymer (HSP), which is a solid-state organic hydride, as the hydrogen storage media. Use of a gas impermeable SPP-QP (a polyphenylene-based PEM) enhances the operable time, reaching up to ca. 10.2 s mgHSP−1, which is more than a factor of two longer than that (3.90 s mgHSP−1) for a Nafion NRE-212 membrane cell. The RCFCs are cycleable, at least up to 50 cycles. The features of this RCFC system, including safety, ease of handling, and light weight, suggest applications in mobile, light-weight hydrogen-based energy devices.
Rapid access to discrete and monodisperse block co-oligomers from sugar and terpenoid toward ultrasmall periodic nanostructures
Authors: Isono Takuya , Komaki Ryoya , Lee Chaehun , Kawakami Nao , Ree Brian J. , Watanabe Kodai , Yoshida Kohei , Mamiya Hiroaki , Yamamoto Takuya , Borsali Redouane , Tajima Kenji , Satoh Toshifumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiscrete block co-oligomers (BCOs) are gaining considerable attention due to their potential to form highly ordered ultrasmall nanostructures suitable for lithographic templates. However, laborious synthetic routes present a major hurdle to the practical application. Herein, we report a readily available discrete BCO system that is capable of forming various self-assembled nanostructures with ultrasmall periodicity. Click coupling of propargyl-functionalized sugars (containing 1–7 glucose units) and azido-functionalized terpenoids (containing 3, 4, and 9 isoprene units) afforded the discrete and monodisperse BCOs with a desired total degree of polymerization and block ratio. These BCOs microphase separated into lamellar, gyroid, and cylindrical morphologies with the domain spacing (d) of 4.2–7.5 nm. Considering easy synthesis and rich phase behavior, presented BCO systems could be highly promising for application to diverse ~4-nm nanofabrications.
Deglacial to Holocene variability in surface water characteristics and major floods in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Wu Junjie , Stein Ruediger , Fahl Kirsten , Syring Nicole , Nam Seung-Il , Hefter Jens , Mollenhauer Gesine , Geibert Walter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurface water characteristics of the Beaufort Sea have global climate implications during the last deglaciation and the Holocene, as (1) sea ice is a critical component of the climate system and (2) Laurentide Ice Sheet meltwater discharges via the Mackenzie River to the Arctic Ocean and further, to its outflow near the deep-water source area of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here we present high-resolution biomarker records from the southern Beaufort Sea. Multi-proxy biomarker reconstruction suggests that the southern Beaufort Sea was nearly ice-free during the deglacial to Holocene transition, and a seasonal sea-ice cover developed during the mid-late Holocene. Superimposed on the long-term change, two events of high sediment flux were documented at ca. 13 and 11 kyr BP, respectively. The first event can be attributed to the Younger Dryas flood and the second event is likely related to a second flood and/or coastal erosion.
A novel prognostic risk score model based on immune-related genes in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Ke , He Jie , Zhang Jie , Liu Tao , Yang Fang , Ren Tao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The aims of the present study were to explore immune-related genes (IRGs) in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) and construct a prognostic risk score model to predict patient overall survival (OS), providing a reference for individualized clinical treatment.
Methods: High-throughput RNA-sequencing, phenotype, and survival data from patients with stage IV CRC were downloaded from TCGA. Candidate genes were identified by screening for differentially expressed IRGs (DE-IRGs). Univariate Cox regression, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the final variables for construction of the prognostic risk score model. GSE17536 from the GEO database was used as an external validation dataset to evaluate the predictive power of the model.
Results: A total of 770 candidate DE-IRGs were obtained, and a prognostic risk score model was constructed by variable screening using the following 12 genes: FGFR4, LGR6, TRBV12-3, NUDT6, MET, PDIA2, ORM1, IGKV3D-20, THRB, WNT5A, FGF18, and CCR8. In the external validation set, the survival prediction C-index was 0.685, and the AUC values were 0.583, 0.731, and 0.837 for 1-, 2- and 3-year OS, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that the risk score model was an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage IV CRC. High- and low-risk patient groups had significant differences in the expression of checkpoint coding genes (ICGs).
Conclusion: The prognostic risk score model for stage IV CRC developed in the present study based on immune-related genes has acceptable predictive power, and is closely related to the expression of ICGs.
Calculated and experimental evaluation heat pump distiller on pentane as working substance
Authors: Ilyn Gennady A. , Malafeev Ilya I. , Sapojnikov Vladimir B. 
Published: October 2020

One of the most common and reliable methods of water treatment is the method of thermal distillation. Despite the reliability of the method, its application is constrained by high energy intensity. The most effective way to reduce the cost of production of distillate is the use of thermal transformers, providing regenerate and heat recovery phase transformations of the distillate.
The use of working fluid with the most favorable thermodynamic properties is of paramount importance for the creation of high efficiency thermotransformers.
The work is considered working fluid for high-temperature heat pumps and the results of the calculation-experimental study of high-temperature vapor compression heat-pumping distiller on natural working substance n-pentan.
Imaging of Mixed and Radiopaque Jaw Lesions
Authors: Vanhoenacker Filip M. , Bosmans Frederik , Vanhoenacker Charlotte , Bernaerts Anja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRadiopaque lesions and lesions of mixed density are less frequent than radiolucent lesions of the jawbones. They comprise a spectrum of odontogenic and non-odontogenic lesions. The latter group includes inherited and developmental disorders, osteomyelitis, and benign and malignant primary bone tumors and metastases. Most odontogenic radiopaque or mixed lesions are either related to the apex or more rarely to the crown of the tooth, although there are exceptions to this rule. Some lesions, such as a torus mandibularis and torus palatinus, have a characteristic location, whereas others show no relationship to the dentition. This article describes the most characteristic and prevalent radiopaque and mixed lesions of the jaws and their imaging characteristics. Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, and rare sclerotic bone diseases of the maxillofacial bones are discussed elsewhere in this issue. Careful correlation of clinical presentation, panoramic radiographs, cone beam computed tomography, and histopathology are the cornerstones for appropriate lesion characterization.
Dental and Skeletal Imaging in Forensic Age Estimation: Disparities in Current Approaches and the Continuing Search for Optimization
Authors: De Tobel Jannick , Ottow Christian , Widek Thomas , Klasinc Isabella , Mörnstad Håkan , Thevissen Patrick Werner , Verstraete Koenraad Luc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedical imaging for forensic age estimation in living adolescents and young adults continues to be controversial and a subject of discussion. Because age estimation based on medical imaging is well studied, it is the current gold standard. However, large disparities exist between the centers conducting age estimation, both between and within countries. This review provides an overview of the most common approaches applied in Europe, with case examples illustrating the differences in imaging modalities, in staging of development, and in statistical processing of the age data. Additionally, the review looks toward the future because several European research groups have intensified studies on age estimation, exploring four strategies for optimization: (1) increasing sample sizes of the reference populations, (2) combining single-site information into multifactorial information, (3) avoiding ionizing radiation, and (4) conducting a fully automated analysis.
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Salamon Nicolas M. , Casselman Jan W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are commonly encountered in the general population but often ignored or unrecognized. The detection and characterization of lesions has drastically improved over the years due to technological advances in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, adequate knowledge of the normal imaging appearance on different imaging modalities as well as the broad variety of pathology is required to provide a proper radiologic assessment. This pictorial review focuses on TMJ pathology and its appearance on CBCT and MRI. A short overview of the technical aspects and normal anatomy are provided to round out this complete summary on the subject.
Teeth Impaction and Structural Teeth Anomalies
Authors: Haba Danisia , Decolli Yllka , Marciuc Emilia , Sîrghe Ana Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDentists and oral and maxillofacial radiologists have used periapical, occlusal, panoramic, and cephalometric radiographs for many years for diagnosing dental anomalies, especially before orthodontic or surgical treatment. Cone beam computed tomography was developed in recent years especially for the dental and maxillofacial region. Thus it has become the imaging modality of choice for many clinical situations, such as the assessment of dental impaction and structural teeth anomalies or other associated diseases and disorders (e.g., Gardner's syndrome, cleidocranial dysplasia). This article reviews different aspects of dental impaction and its possible effects on adjacent structures such as external root resorption, marginal bone loss, as well as describing structural dental anomalies. It provides a systematic analysis of their characteristic features and imaging findings for general radiologists to achieve a precise diagnosis and an optimal interpretation.
Dentomaxillofacial CBCT: Clinical Challenges for Indication-oriented Imaging
Authors: Wanderley Victor Aquino , Vasconcelos Karla de Faria , Leite André Ferreira , Oliveira Matheus L. , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis critical review discusses the clinical challenges for patient-specific and indication-oriented dentomaxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Large variations among units and protocols may lead to variable degrees of diagnostic and three-dimensional model accuracy, impacting both specific diagnostic tasks and treatment planning. Particular indications, whether diagnostic or therapeutic, may give rise to very specific challenges with regard to CBCT unit and parameter setup, considering the required image quality, segmentation accuracy, and artifact level. Considering that dental materials are in the field of view needed for diagnosis or treatment planning, artifact expression is a dominant factor in proper CBCT selection. The heterogeneity of dental CBCT units and performances may highly impact the scientific results. Thus research findings cannot be simply generalized as published evidence, and a demonstrated clinical applicability for a specific indication should not be simply extrapolated from one CBCT unit to another.
A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in ABCB4 Gene Leading to Cholelithiasis, Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (Type 3), and Cirrhosis in a Child
Authors: Mirza Nida , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProgressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders of childhood which presents with intermittent or progressive episodes of cholestasis, with jaundice and pruritus as most common presenting symptoms. PFIC type 3 occurs due to mutations in the ABCB4 gene, mutation in this gene has wide spectrum of features which include intrahepatic stones, cholelithiasis, PFIC type 3, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Here, we are reporting a peculiar case of young male adolescent with novel variant compound heterozygote missense mutation in ABCB4 gene who had gall stone as initial symptom, followed by symptoms of PFIC and eventually decompensated chronic liver disease.
Movement Disorder as Unusual Manifestation of Chiari Malformation Type II in a Newborn
Authors: Mastino Lara , Mai Roberto , Cenzato Marco , D'Aliberti Giuseppe , Talamonti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChiari malformation type II (CM-II) is a hindbrain developmental malformation. Movement disorders are rarely described as associated with this condition. We describe the case of a newborn affected by CM-II presenting with head and neck tremors a few days after myelomeningocele repair surgery. Later, self-resolving episodes of expiratory apneas arose. Cranial ultrasounds showed progressive ventricular dilatation. She underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt followed by craniocervical bony decompression. After surgery, both apnea and tremors disappeared. This particular presentation of CM-II is very rare and potentially difficult to diagnose.
Piketty, Thunberg, or Marx? Shifting ideologies in the COVID-19 bailout conditionality debate
Authors: Giuliani Elisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAre crises an opportunity to push for fundamental changes? Can the COVID-19 crisis help to promote an ideological shift towards a different type of capitalism? By conducting a quantitative content analysis of the international press on the COVID-19 bailout conditionality debate, this article documents the existence of three dominant narratives: the distributive justice, environmental justice, and Marxist-type anti-capitalistic narratives. Yet, only the distributive justice assumed greater prominence during the period of observation, signaling a small step towards an ideological shift in which the general public may become more open to scrutiny of companies’ dividend and bonus policies and more averse to acceptance of tax avoidance and the accumulation of excessive wealth by members of the corporate elite. The article concludes by recommending MNEs and their CEOs to be prepared for more distributive justice challenges in the future.
Formation of an unusual glutamine tautomer in a blue light using flavin photocycle characterizes the light-adapted state
Authors: Goings Joshua J. , Li Pengfei , Zhu Qiwen , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Upon absorption of light, photoreceptor proteins with bound chromophores undergo conformational changes that enable them to transmit signals over long distances. Such proteins are essential for a wide range of light-regulated biological processes and play an important role in protein engineering efforts aimed at controlling cellular processes with light. Our computer simulations elucidate the complete photocycle of a prototypical photoreceptor protein upon photoexcitation with blue light. These simulations indicate the formation of an unusual glutamine tautomer and the rearrangement of hydrogen-bonding interactions that produce the crucial state capable of long-range signaling. The spectroscopic signatures of this state are consistent with previous experimental measurements. The insights provided by these simulations are important for learning how to engineer photoreceptors with specified characteristics.
Effect of magnetic properties on performance of electrical machines with ferrite magnets
Authors: Eriksson S , Eklund P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The increased focus on ferrite magnets makes it interesting to investigate their suitability in electrical machines such as generators for wind power and motors for electric cars. Efforts are currently being made to improve the magnetic properties of ferrites. A simulation method is used to investigate how different magnetic properties such as remanence, coercivity and intrinsic coercivity affect the performance of electrical machines, here quantified as output torque. It is also ensured that the magnet is not partly demagnetized during a short-circuit event. Simulations are performed through a two-dimensional finite-element-based simulation method. Not all combinations of magnetic properties will render a usable design and it is therefore investigated how high the required values are for different magnetic properties as well as how high an output torque can be achieved. It is concluded that increasing the remanence or the coercivity can be quantified as an improved energy product, whereas improvement of the intrinsic coercivity enables the magnet to have a more optimal shape and thereby have a working point where the energy product is maximized. In addition it is found that for a fixed available magnetic energy, the performance does not change significantly with increasing remanence.
Broadband diffraction-free on-chip propagation along hybrid metallic grating metasurfaces in the visible frequency
Authors: Shi Yangyang , Yang Rui , Dai Chenjie , Wan Chengwei , Wan Shuai , Li Zhongyang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Metallic patterned metasurfaces can effectively manipulate the propagation of surface plasmonic waves in the near-field regime. Extraordinary optical phenomena such as diffraction-free propagation also have been enabled by periodic uniform metallic grating metasurfaces (UMGM). However, such metallic patterned metasurfaces usually exhibit a relatively narrow-band non-diffractive property and the realization of visible-frequency broadband diffraction-free on-chip propagation has been quite challenging due to intensive structural dispersive and sensitive wavelength selectivity. Here, we proposed a novel design of a hybrid metallic grating metasurface (HMGM) with two different ridge widths, which could display a broadband diffraction-free on-chip propagation in the visible frequency. By optimization and appropriate hybridization of the ridges of different widths, it enables effective modication of the dispersion of surface plasmons, thus forming the broadband diffraction-free characteristics. Compared to the UMGM, our proposed HMGM can facilitate enhanced propagation of the surface plasmon polaritons and strongly confine the surface plasmonic field to the deep-subwavelength scale. With such hybrid implementation, the surface plasmonic waves propagate parallel to the ridges and their wavefronts remain the original shape without diverging at the broadband wavelength of 600 nm–800 nm. Overall, such broadband diffraction-free propagation along the HMGM could find many potential applications in on-chip plasmonic devices including sub-diffraction resolution imaging, hyperlenses, and photon routing, etc.
Refined analysis of C–V and I–V characteristics of Al/dielectric/Si structures containing nanosized Ta2O5/SiOxNy dielectric stack
Authors: Novkovski N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work we carry out a refined analysis of the
C–V
and I–V characteristics of Al/Ta2O5/SiOxNy/Si structures at limited voltages (from −3.0 V to +1.0 V). The modified Terman method was used to determine the interface state densities over the silicon bandgap, and an extended comprehensive model was utilised to determine the I–V characteristics of metal/high-κ/SiO2/Si structures.
A sharp peak in interface states distribution is observed at around 0.1 eV above the valence band top; its presence is identified as the origin of the double-knee shaped C–V characteristics. The substantial contribution of the Schottky effect was observed in the leakage currents at low voltages.
A miniature potentiometric sensor for dopamine determination in vitro
Authors: He Cheng , Li Guang , Wang You , Zhou Wujie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electrochemical sensors can be used to detect neurotransmitters. A miniature potentiometric all-solid-state coated wire dopamine sensor was investigated in this work. Conducting polymer poly (3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly (styrenesulfonate) as the solid contact was electropolymerized on one end of a gold wire (diameter 0.25 mm). The conducting polymer was covered with a dopamine-selective membrane containing 12-crown-4-tetraphenylborate as a neutral carrier, 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a plasticizer and poly (vinyl chloride) as the membrane matrix. The dopamine sensor covered a wide linear range from 10–5 M to 10–1 M with a slope of 53.85 ± 0.93 mV/decade, while the detection limit was 5.80 ± 0.31 µM. The other characteristics of the dopamine sensor were also evaluated. The experimental results showed that the sensor operated properly within the pH range of 5.5–7.5 and displayed good selectivity, fast dynamic response, high reproducibility and long stability. In addition, the dopamine sensor was successfully applied for the detection of dopamine in artificial cerebrospinal fluid by using the standard addition method, indicating that this sensor is promising for applications in dopamine determination in neuroscientific research.
Statistical learning for evaluation of crystal growth in low-melting alloy droplets with application to quasicrystal-forming Ti–Zr–Ni alloys
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Rodriguez Justin E , Kelton Kenneth F , Matson Douglas M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The evaluation of the crystal growth in undercooled alloy melts is essential for investigations of their solidification behavior. Low-melting alloy systems usually exhibit little self-illumination and cinematography is not often feasible. A time-temperature data based statistical learning approach is presented to evaluate the crystal growth in an undercooled droplet, where a spatial geometry-informed, errors-in-variables probabilistic model is developed based on the prediction of the dendrite growth paths. The preferable growth mechanism and growth velocities can be evaluated from statistical model selection and parameter estimation. Based only on the pyrometry data of two Ti–Zr–Ni alloys, a bulk growth mechanism is justified and the growth velocities in both the stable C14 phase and metastable icosahedral phase are able to be measured and statistically interpreted.