bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between non-occupational TV and computer screen-time viewing and cancer risk: Findings from the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Hunter Ruth , Murray Jennifer M. , Coleman Helen G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Evidence is suggestive of sedentary behaviour being associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but the evidence base is too limited to draw any conclusions for other cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between sedentary behaviour and total cancer incidence and site-specific cancer incidence.Methods This prospective population-based cohort study involved data from the UK Biobank (470 578 adults; 53.8% females; mean age 56.3 years). Sedentary behaviours including television viewing time, computer use time and daily total screen time were the exposure variables. Primary and secondary outcome measures included incident total cancer, and site-specific cancers identified from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revisions (ICD-9 and ICD-10). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) showing the relationship between sedentary behaviour and cancer using continuous (hours/day) and categorical exposure variables. Partition models and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate the impact of substituting sedentary behaviour with physical activity.Results During a mean follow-up time of 7.6 years, 28 992 incident cancers were identified. A 1-hour increase in daily TV screen time was associated with higher risk of oropharyngeal cancer (HR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11), stomach cancer (HR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.13), oesophagus and stomach cancer (HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.09), and colon cancer (HR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06) in fully adjusted models. Participants who reported ≤1 hour/day of TV screen time had a lower risk of lung cancer (HR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.997), breast (female only) cancer (HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.996), stomach cancer (HR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.97), and oesophagus and stomach cancer (HR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.98) compared to participants who reported 1-≤3 hours/day of TV screen time. Isotemporal substitution models showed reduced risk of total cancer (HR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99) and some site-specific cancers when replacing 1-hour/day of TV viewing with moderate-intensity physical activity or walking.Conclusions Our findings show that sedentary behaviours were associated with some site-specific cancers (including oropharyngeal, oesophagus and stomach, colon and lung cancer), particularly for TV viewing time. Our findings were less consistent for time spent on computer and daily total screen time. Substitution models showed that replacing 1-hour per day of TV viewing with 1-hour of moderate-intensity physical activity or walking was associated with lower risk of total cancer and lower risk of several site-specific cancers. Health promotion strategies should endorse the message to minimise sedentary behaviour, replacing it with health-enhancing physical activity, and to particularly target TV viewing.
Cerebrovascular Disease and Associations with ATN Biomarkers and Cognition in Young Onset Dementia
Authors: Yatawara Chathuri , Ng Kok Pin , Guevarra Anne Cristine , Wong Benjamin , Yong TingTing , Kandiah Nagaendran 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) frequently coexist however the mechanism by which they collectively affect cognition remains unclear, particularly in young onset dementia (YOD). We investigated associations between CVD and AD biomarkers, namely amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration (ATN) in YOD, and explored how CVD and ATN interact to affect cognition.Methods: 80 YOD individuals with mild dementia, mean age 57.73 (SD = 6.01) years were recruited from a memory clinic. MRI visual ratings were used to operationalize CVD burden (CVD+) as a score >1 on the Staals CVD scale. ATN biomarkers were measured using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cognition was measured using neuropsychological assessments.Results: CVD+ individuals had lower CSF Aβ1-42 compared to CVD- (t[78] = -1.97, p = .05), while demographics, cognition, cardiovascular risk factors, brain volumes and tau were consistent across the groups. CVD+ was associated with lower CSF Aβ1-42 (B = -.20, 95%CI: -.32 to -.08) and greater neurodegeneration, indexed as lower grey matter (B = -.15, 95%CI: -.28 to .02) and hippocampal volume (B = -.24, 95%CI: -.40 to -.04). CVD+ was not associated with p-tau or t-tau. Cognitive impairment was associated with CSF Aβ1-42 (B = -.35, 95%CI: -.55 to -.18) but not CVD. Rather, CVD was indirectly associated with cognition via reduced CSF Aβ1-42, specifically with global cognition (B = -.03, 95%CI: -.09 to -.01) and memory (B = .08, 95%CI: -.09 to -.01). CVD was further indirectly associated with cognition via increased neurodegeneration in total grey matter (Global cognition: B = -.06, 95%CI: -.09 to -.03; Memory: B = .05, 95%CI: .01 to .18) and the hippocampus (Global cognition: B = -.05, 95%CI: -.11 to -.01; Memory: B = .06, 95%CI: .01 to .17). CVD was not found to moderate the strength or direction of the relationship between ATN and cognition. Conclusion: In YOD, CVD burden is linked to upstream AD mechanisms, such as CSF Aβ1-42, as well as downstream neurodegeneration. CVD indirectly contributes to cognitive impairment via these AD mechanisms. Clinical implications support the aggressive management of CVD to delay AD in young adults.
MULTI-DOMAIN NEYMAN-TCHUPROV OPTIMAL ALLOCATION
Authors: Wesołowski Jacek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The eigenproblem solution of the multi-domain efficient allocation is identified as a direct generalization of the classical Neyman-Tchuprov optimal allocation in stratified SRSWOR. This is achieved through analysis of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a suitable population-based matrix D. Such a solution is an analytical companion to NLP approaches, which are often used in applications, see, e.g. Choudhry, Rao and Hidiroglou (2012). In this paper we are interested rather in the structure of the optimal allocation vector and relative variance than in such purely numerical tools (although the eigenproblem solution provides also numerical solutions, see, e.g. Wesołowski and Wieczorkowski (2017)). The domain-wise optimal allocation and the respective optimal variance of the estimator are determined by the unique direction (defined in terms of the positive eigenvector of matrix D) in the space ℝ
I
, where I is the number of domains in the population.
ESTIMATING POPULATION COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION USING A SINGLE AUXILIARY VARIABLE IN SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
Authors: Singh Rajesh , Mishra Madhulika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes an improved estimation method for the population coefficient of variation, which uses information on a single auxiliary variable. The authors derived the expressions for the mean squared error of the proposed estimators up to the first order of approximation. It was demonstrated that the estimators proposed by the authors are more efficient than the existing ones. The results of the study were validated by both empirical and simulation studies.
Activation of Melanocortin-4 Receptor by a Synthetic Agonist Inhibits Ethanolinduced Neuroinflammation in Rats
Authors: Flores-Bastías Osvaldo , Gómez Gonzalo I. , Orellana Juan A. , Karahanian Eduardo 
Published: December 2019

Background:
High ethanol intake induces a neuroinflammatory response resulting in the subsequent
maintenance of chronic alcohol consumption. The melanocortin system plays a pivotal role in the modulation of
alcohol consumption. Interestingly, it has been shown that the activation of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) in
the brain decreases the neuroinflammatory response in models of brain damage other than alcohol consumption,
such as LPS-induced neuroinflammation, cerebral ischemia, glutamate excitotoxicity, and spinal cord injury.

Objectives:
In this work, we aimed to study whether MC4R activation by a synthetic MC4R-agonist peptide
prevents ethanol-induced neuroinflammation, and if alcohol consumption produces changes in MC4R expression
in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.

Methods:
Ethanol-preferring Sprague Dawley rats were selected offering access to 20% ethanol on alternate days
for 4 weeks (intermittent access protocol). After this time, animals were i.p. administered an MC4R agonist peptide
in the last 2 days of the protocol. Then, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6),
interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the hippocampus, hypothalamus
and prefrontal cortex. It was also evaluated if ethanol intake produces alterations in the expression of
MC4R in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus.

Results:
Alcohol consumption increased the expression of MC4R in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. The
administration of the MC4R agonist reduced IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in hippocampus, hypothalamus and
prefrontal cortex, to those observed in control rats that did not drink alcohol.

Conclusion:
High ethanol consumption produces an increase in the expression of MC4R in the hippocampus and
hypothalamus. The administration of a synthetic MC4R-agonist peptide prevents neuroinflammation induced by
alcohol consumption in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex. These results could explain the
effect of α-MSH and other synthetic MC4R agonists in decreasing alcohol intake through the reduction of the
ethanol-induced inflammatory response in the brain.
Development of New IDO Inhibitors with Coumarin Pyrimidine Scaffolds as the Potential Anti Cancer Agents
Authors: Chelamalla Radhika , Makula Ajitha 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Progress in the developments of pyrimidine-coumarin moiety as an IDO inhibitor
is still continuing with an outcome of the good scaffold as pyrimidine as well as coumarin individually
for anticancer activity. Hence we proposed a suitable approach for the synthesis of pyrimidinecoumarin
moieties in a combined form from the results of docking studies.

Objective:
As part of our ongoing research towards the development of novel cytotoxic agents, the synthesis
and cytotoxic activity of a series of N'-(1-(6-methyl-2-oxo/thioxo-4-sub phenyl-1,2,3,4-
tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives are discussed in this
study.

Methods:
N'-(1-(6-methyl-2-oxo/thioxo-4-sub phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)vinyl)-2-oxo-
2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic
activity. The structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, C13NMR, Mass spectroscopy. All the synthesized
compounds were evaluated using in vitro MTT assay against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines.

Results:
Compound 6g showed inhibitory activity against IDO with IC50 values at nanomolar range in
docking studies and compounds 6g and 6f also showed significant cytotoxic activity on human cancer
cell lines like HepG2 and HeLa using in vitro MTT assay.

Conclusion:
This work showed that the coumarin containing pyrimidine derivatives are found to be the
most potent against IDO through docking studies and cytotoxic against cell lines compared with cisplatin.
This might give the information for the development of new series of compounds against IDO.
The Relationship Between Patterns of Alcohol Use and Knowledge of Alcohol-Attributable Health Conditions: A Survey Among Students at a South African University
Authors: Mandeya Andrew , Ter Goon Daniel 
Published: December 2019

Background:
While many studies exist on the prevalence of alcohol use among South African university students, such information is scant for universities in the Eastern Cape Province. This study examines the prevalence of alcohol use among students at one university in the Eastern Cape, the relationship between such use and the knowledge of alcohol-attributable health conditions and biographical characteristics.

Methods:
The cross-sectional study involved 213 students enrolled in a statistics service course. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on various biographical characteristics, alcohol use and health knowledge. The English version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire was used to measure alcohol use. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare health knowledge across levels of alcohol use and biographical variables. Multiple logistic regression was applied to determine patterns of association between alcohol use and health knowledge, and biographical variables.

Results:
The prevalence rates of alcohol use and risky alcohol use were 58.2% and 42.7%, respectively. Health knowledge was generally low and significantly higher among alcohol users (Z=-2.7; p=0.0074) and those whose fathers had a post-matric education X2=6.4; p=0.0410) and/or employment (Z=-2.7; p=0.0064). Males, returning students and those with employed fathers were found to have a higher chance of alcohol use.

Conclusion:
Alcohol use among students was high and knowledge of alcohol-attributable diseases was low. These results suggest a need for health promotion interventions for the general student population and/or risk reduction interventions for risky alcohol users.
Factors Affecting the Family Physicians' Intention to Leave the Job: A Case of Iran
Authors: Rezaee Rita , Shoaahaghighi Pegah , Bordbar Najmeh , Tavani Karam , Ravangard Ramin 
Published: December 2019

Background:

Family physician program is a complete health-care system, and its human resources are the most important resources like any other healthcare program. Organizational Commitment (OC) and Quality of Work-Life (QWL) are important factors in attracting and retaining employees.

Objective:
To investigate the association of OC and QWL with the intention to leave the job by family physicians in Shiraz, Iran in 2017.

Methods:
This was a descriptive analytical study conducted on a sample of 268 family physicians in 2017. For data collection, Porter's organizational commitment, Walton's Quality of Work Life, and Cammann's intention to leave the job questionnaires were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0.

Results:
The results showed that the levels of OC, QWL, and the intention to leave the job were moderate among the studied family physicians. In addition, the results showed that QWL and OC had negative and significant associations with the intention to leave the job (p-value<0.001), and the QWL had a greater association (Beta=-0.348).

Conclusion:
It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the family physicians at the Ministry of Health and the provincial level to improve the QWL and OC of the family physicians, and thereby preventing the physicians from leaving their job from the family physician program.
Infrared patch-image model based on non-convex weighted nuclear norm minimization
Authors: Rawat Sur Singh , Verma Sashi Kant , Kumar Yatindra 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The existing methods based on infrared patch image (IPI) model for small target detection does suffer from l1 norm sparsity problem where the non-target elements in the background image may sometimes be considered as the target element. Hence using l1 norm may lead to degrade the detection ability of small and dim target in a noisy environment. So a robust method needs to be developed to tackle the above-said problem.

Method:
In this paper, the Infrared patch model based on non-convex weighted nuclear norm minimization and Robust principal component analysis (IPNCWNNM-RPCA) is presented. Here we improve the existing IPI model by replacing the nuclear norm by weighted nuclear norm, where unlike in nuclear norm minimization we assign different weights to singular values. The proposed method is further solved by the alternating direction method of the multiplier (ADMM).

Results:
To validate the robustness of the proposed method extensive experiments on the large dataset is performed and the results indicate that the proposed method has responded shown good result against the other state-of-the-art methods.

Conclusion:
This paper presents a robust method in the name of infrared patch image model based on non-convex weighted nuclear norm minimization which improves the existing IPI based method for infrared dim and small target. The proposed method not only suppress the noise background nicely but also detect the target correctly.
Using Crowdsourcing to Develop a Peer-Led Intervention for Safer Dating App Use: Pilot Study
Authors: Wong William Chi Wai , Song Lin , See Christopher , Lau Stephanie Tze Hei , Sun Wai Han , Choi Kitty Wai Ying , Tucker Joseph 
Published: December 2019

Background
Smartphone-based dating apps are rapidly transforming how people seek potential sexual and romantic partners. However, they can also increase the risk of unsafe sexual behaviors, harassment, and infringement of personal privacy. Current research on interventions for safer dating app use remains insufficient.

Objective
The goal of this study was to describe the development of an intervention for safer dating app usage using crowdsourcing and peer-led approaches.

Methods
This paper describes the development of an intervention program designed to promote safer dating app use among college students. Crowdsourcing and peer-led approaches were adopted during key stages of the development process. Focus group discussions were held to assess the experience and needs of dating app users. A crowdsourcing contest then solicited ideas for performance objectives for the intervention. These objectives were grouped to further identify practical strategies. A one-day intensive workshop was subsequently held with peer mentors to brainstorm ideas for the production of creative interventional materials. The intervention programs were produced and tested in a pilot study. The app’s effectiveness will be evaluated in a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Results
The intervention program consists of a risk assessment tool, a first-person scenario game, and four short videos. The risk assessment tool, comprised of 14 questions, will give the participant a score to determine their level of risk of adverse events when using dating apps. The scenario game is a first-person simulation game where the players are presented with choices when faced with different scenarios. The short videos each last 2-4 minutes, with points of discussion aimed at addressing the risks of using dating apps. The programs were piloted and were found to be relatable and helpful when further modifications were made.

Conclusions
Potential challenges identified during the development process included data management and analysis, sustaining peer mentors’ interests and participation, and balancing between providing more information and perpetuating social stigma around dating app use. By integrating new approaches, such as crowdsourcing and the peer-led approach, in developing an intervention for safer dating app use, our development process provides a viable model for developing future interventions to address the risks associated with dating app use.
Long-Term Weight Management Using Wearable Technology in Overweight and Obese Adults: Systematic Review
Authors: Fawcett Emily , Van Velthoven Michelle Helena , Meinert Edward 
Published: December 2019

Background
Although there are many wearable devices available to help people lose weight and decrease the rising prevalence of obesity, the effectiveness of these devices in long-term weight management has not been established.

Objective
This study aimed to systematically review the literature on using wearable technology for long-term weight loss in overweight and obese adults.

Methods
We searched the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, EMBASE, Compendex, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Central, and Scopus. The inclusion criteria were studies that took measurements for a period of ≥1 year (long-term) and had adult participants with a BMI >24. A total of 2 reviewers screened titles and abstracts and assessed the selected full-text papers for eligibility. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the following tools appropriate for different study types: the Cochrane risk of bias tool, Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies-of Interventions, A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews, and 6 questions to trigger critical thinking. The results of the studies have been provided in a narrative summary.

Results
We included five intervention studies: four randomized controlled trials and one nonrandomized study. In addition, we used insights from six systematic reviews, four commentary papers, and a dissertation. The interventions delivered by wearable devices did not show a benefit over comparator interventions, but overweight and obese participants still lost weight over time. The included intervention studies were likely to suffer from bias. Significant variances in objectives, methods, and results of included studies prevented meta-analysis.

Conclusions
This review showed some evidence that wearable devices can improve long-term physical activity and weight loss outcomes, but there was not enough evidence to show a benefit over the comparator methods. A major issue is the challenge of separating the effect of decreasing use of wearable devices over time from the effect of the wearable devices on the outcomes. Consistency in study methods is needed in future long-term studies on the use of wearable devices for weight loss.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO CRD42018096932; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=96932
Translation of the Chinese Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire and Its Validation Among College Students: Factor Analysis
Authors: Gao Ye , Dai Hongliang , Jia Guizhi , Liang Chunguang , Tong Tong , Zhang Zhiyu , Song Ruobing , Wang Qing , Zhu Yue 
Published: December 2019

Background
Nomophobia or phobia of no mobile phone is the fear of being without a mobile phone or being unable to contact others via a mobile phone. It is a newly emerging psychiatric disorder among mobile phone users.

Objective
There are no psychometric scales available in China for examining nomophobia, although China has become the largest mobile phone handset consumer market in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the original English version of a psychometric scale into Chinese and further examine its reliability and validity among Chinese college students.

Methods
The original version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was first translated into Chinese using the backward and forward translation procedure. An exploratory factor analysis (a principal component analysis plus varimax rotation) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was determined by computing the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the test-retest reliability, and the corrected item-total correlation. A multivariate regression analysis was used for examining associations between nomophobia and independent variables among the college students.

Results
A total of 2000 participants were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 16 to 25 years, with 51.95% (1039/2000) being male participants. The Chinese version of NMP-Q retained 18 items. The eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot jointly support a 4-factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The CFA reached the adaptive standard, and the discriminant validity of the scale was good. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of this scale was .925, and the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the subscales were .882, .843, .895, and .818. The test-retest reliability was 0.947. Corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.539 to 0.663. The significant predictors for each of the dimensions of nomophobia and total score of the questionnaire were the average number of hours spent on a mobile phone daily and gender.

Conclusions
The Chinese version of the NMP-Q exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties.