bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic Evolution of the Himalayan Fold‐Thrust Belt in the Okhaldhunga Region, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Sherpa Tshering Z. L. , G. DeCelles Peter , E. Gehrels George , Pokhrel Chhabilal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNew regional mapping and two focused geological maps with two crustal‐scale balanced cross‐sections along the Dudh Kosi and Tama Kosi Rivers in the Okhaldhunga region reveal the structural architecture of the eastern Nepal Himalaya. Our detrital zircon U‐Pb ages for 14 samples and igneous zircon U‐Pb ages for four samples show that the Okhaldhunga window primarily exposes the Ramgarh thrust sheet, which is composed of Paleoproterozoic Lesser Himalayan metasedimentary and igneous rocks. Structurally, the Ramgarh thrust sheet lies in the footwall of the Main Central thrust and is underlain by the Lesser Himalayan duplex (LHD), a hinterland dipping bumpy‐roofed duplex, comprising Paleo‐Mesoproterozoic Lesser Himalayan rocks and upper Paleozoic Gondwana Sequence rocks. The frontal part of the LHD is exposed in the southern sector of the Okhaldhunga window, above a major footwall ramp on the Main Himalayan thrust. Neoproterozoic‐Cambrian Greater Himalayan rocks in the hanging‐wall of the Main Central thrust are exposed toward the south in the synformal Mahabharat Range and in the north in the Sagarmatha‐Rolwaling region. Kinematic restorations for our two transects, combined with published chronometric data, indicate that most of the deformation has been accommodated by Lesser Himalayan rocks since Middle‐Late Miocene. The two balanced cross‐sections indicate minimum shortening of ∼561 and 544 km. Comparison of these estimates with published data for rocks structurally below the South Tibetan detachment system in the Himalaya indicates that heterogeneous post‐collisional crustal shortening has determined the current tectonic configuration of the region.
Hydrodynamics of In‐Stream Leaky Barriers for Natural Flood Management
Authors: Alzabari Fawaz , Wilson Catherine A. M. E. , Ouro Pablo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLeaky barriers are in‐stream natural flood management solutions designed for peak flow attenuation, whose effectiveness is dependent on their design. Flow around leaky barriers (LB) composed of three cylindrical logs were investigated using large‐eddy simulation. The main LB configuration considered vertically aligned logs, with other layouts inclined at 15, 30, and 45 in the upstream and downstream directions. Results reveal that the frontal projected blockage area of the LB leads to an increase in the upstream flow depth, with momentum being redirected toward the bottom gap, creating a primary wall‐jet, whose peak velocity and coherence varied depending on LB design, however, attained a similar decay downstream. The porous LBs allowed for distinct internal flow paths that generated secondary jets, either diverting momentum upwards or downwards depending on the direction of the barrier inclination, impacting main flow features and turbulent characteristics. Turbulent kinetic energy and vertical Reynolds shear stress decreased when the barrier was inclined downstream. In the upstream inclination cases, these showed no significant variation, with magnitudes similar to those in the vertical configuration. Bed shear stress decreased with increasing barrier angle, reducing the risk of local scour and sediment mobilization. The vertical LB achieves the maximum backwater rise at the expense of promoting larger sediment bed mobilization. Structural loads on the logs vary with LB inclination, with drag forces decreasing as barrier angles increase. Hydrodynamic findings, evaluated through five design criteria, show that upstream‐inclined designs, particularly with large barrier angles, exhibit improved relative performance compared to other designs.
Spirituality, Social Support, and Adjustment Among Parents of Children With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Stanek Charis , Olsavsky Anna L. , Hill Kylie N. , Kenney Ansley E. , Himelhoch Alexandra C. , Humphrey Lisa , Olshefski Randal , Nahata Leena , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: Pediatric cancer can impact the emotional health of both children and their caregivers. Although previous research has established that social support and spiritual involvement may be protective for parents of children with cancer, less is known about parents of children with an advanced cancer diagnosis. In this study of mothers and fathers of children with advanced cancer, we aimed to: (a) examine the direct effects of general and cancer-specific stress, spiritual involvement, and social support on depressive symptoms and (b) determine if spiritual involvement and social support moderate the association between stress (i.e., general and cancer-specific) and parents’ depressive symptoms. Method: Participants ( N = 72 families; n = 55 mothers; n = 30 fathers) were from a larger longitudinal study of families of children with advanced cancer at a large pediatric hospital. At enrollment, parents completed surveys on demographics, cancer-specific stress, general stress, spiritual values and beliefs, and self-reported depressive symptoms. Results: For mothers, significant predictors of greater depressive symptoms included higher general stress and lower social support. For fathers, the only significant predictor was general stress. Moderation analyses revealed that social support was a significant moderator of the impact of general stress on depressive symptoms for mothers and fathers. Spiritual involvement was also a significant moderator of the association between cancer-specific stress and depressive symptoms for mothers only. Conclusions: This study suggests that even in the context of advanced pediatric cancer social support and spiritual involvement can serve as protective factors for parents, but that mothers and fathers may have unique supportive care needs. Implications for Impact Statement This study suggests that social support and spiritual involvement may be points of intervention in mitigating the impact of parents’ stress from their child’s advanced cancer diagnosis on depressive symptoms. Thus, interdisciplinary cancer care teams are needed to develop and implement multidimensional psychosocial interventions to meet the unique social and spiritual needs of these families across their cancer trajectory.
“Faith, Family, and Friends”: Pandemic-Related Coping in Parents of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Baudino Marissa N. , Garcia Perez Samantha , O’Donnell Maeve B. , Duran Brenda , DeSalvo Daniel J. , Malik Faisal , Pihoker Catherine , Gallagher Katherine , Butler Ashley M. , Yi-Frazier Joyce P. , Rosenberg Abby R. , Hilliard Marisa E. 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique stressors for parents of youth with chronic health conditions including type 1 diabetes (T1D), such as managing youths’ diabetes self-management demands without usual routines, changes in interactions with health care system, and concerns about increased health risks related to COVID-19 exposure. While data have been published on how adolescents with T1D coped with pandemic-related stress, little is known about their parents’ perspectives. To fill this gap, we explored parents’ coping strategies. Method: At the baseline of a multisite trial of a psychosocial intervention for adolescents with T1D, parents answered an open-ended question, “What is helping you through the pandemic?” A multidisciplinary qualitative research team used thematic analysis to code, analyze responses, and generate themes and explored patterns by gender, study site, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status indices. Results: Eighty-nine parents (89% female, 18% Hispanic/Latinx, 7% non-Hispanic Black/African American, 70% non-Hispanic White) provided text responses to the qualitative question. We generated six themes: safety practices, social efforts, maintaining a positive perspective, efforts to distract, cognitive avoidance, and religious/spiritual coping. The spiritual/religious coping theme was more common among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latinx parents. There were no other demographic group patterns for the other themes. Conclusions: Themes aligned with primary control, secondary control, and disengagement coping strategies of the control-based model of coping. Religious and spiritual coping represented an additional coping category that was especially common in marginalized groups. During stressful times, pediatric psychologists should attend to parental coping and consider cultural factors in relation to parental well-being. Implications for Impact Statement The present study extends the literature by identifying how parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes coped with the COVID-19 pandemic and describing how patterns of coping differed by race and ethnicity. Results suggest religious/spiritual coping is an important aspect of well-being when faced with significant sources of stress, and underscore the importance of considering how cultural factors may influence coping and well-being.
Partnering With Pastoral Care to Address Secondary Trauma via a Bereavement Ritual
Authors: Herbst Rachel Becker , Fiat Aria , Behm Karen , Turner Bobbie , Mescher Anne , Buzek Sarah , Walters Jessica , Burkhardt Mary Carol 
Published: December 2024

Objective: A multitude of factors contribute to the burnout of staff and providers within health care, including secondary traumatic stress (STS), which has a unique negative impact on patient care. Unfortunately, STS is often unrecognized within pediatric primary care (PPC), even in clinics providing care to a patient population that experiences a disproportionate rate of negative events (e.g., sleep-related infant deaths, gun violence, abuse/neglect). We developed and implemented one strategy to address STS through an interdisciplinary partnership with pastoral care. Method: This work arose from identified needs (e.g., group-level assessment) in two PPC clinics at a large academic medical center that are the medical homes for families experiencing social complexity, trauma, adversity secondary to poverty, oppression, and discrimination. Specifically, we developed a bereavement ritual informed by the literature on meaning making. Results: A pediatric psychologist in one of the PPC clinics assembled a multidisciplinary team comprising medical providers, nurses, clinical managers, social workers, chaplains, and bereavement counselors to collaboratively develop a trauma-informed workplace model. The team used the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance/sustainment (RE-AIM) implementation science framework to guide the conceptualization, implementation, and spread of this model to the second clinic. Results from a group-level assessment indicated the need to incorporate meaning making into trauma-informed interventions. Conclusions: This bereavement ritual creates opportunities for inclusive spiritual practices and meaning making while also promoting a relationship between the primary care team and chaplaincy, which increases the likelihood that team members would utilize other hospital-wide services offered by pastoral care. Implications for Impact Statement Working in a busy pediatric primary care setting with patients experiencing high levels of social complexity can result in secondary traumatic stress among staff and providers. Multidisciplinary teams that include pastoral care are uniquely positioned to mitigate this stress by developing and implementing interventions for the medical team that incorporate individual spiritual practices and promote meaning making.
Searching for Religion and Spirituality: Content Analysis of Pediatric Psychology Journals
Authors: Harry Kasey R. , Heard Cherish , Berlin Kristoffer S. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: A bibliometric content analysis of articles published in Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology and Journal of Pediatric Psychology from 2018 to 2023 seeks to determine the ubiquity, variety, balance, and disparity of articles that address religion and spirituality. Method: Thirty-five key terms related to religion and spirituality were selected and articles were sourced and screened in both journals via “full text” searches for all key terms. Each relevant article was downloaded as a full-text PDF and organized by key terms. Utilizing Adobe Acrobat’s advanced search, we conducted a “Whole Word” search using each key term separately across all PDF files. Search results were imported into Microsoft Excel via .csv files, where the “Countif” function determined term frequencies within articles. Articles were double coding to ensure reliability and consistency in the results. Results: Of 1,570 articles identified between 2018 and 2023 ( Journal of Pediatric Psychology, n = 1,318; Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, n = 252), 60 (4%) included at least one of 35 key terms focused on religion and spirituality. The most common terms were spiritual ( f = 145), religious coping ( f = 134), religion ( f = 63), spiritual coping ( f = 62), and spirituality ( f = 36). The average number of articles that primarily focused on religion and spirituality was 4.72 ± 4.15. Conclusions: The limited coverage of religion and spirituality in pediatric psychology flagship journals revealed by this content analysis signals an important call for increased publication of work that focused on diverse aspects of identity. Implications for Impact Statement The study discovered that there’s a lack of research primarily focusing on religion and spirituality in pediatric psychology. Articles that focused on religion and spirituality found that religious and spiritual coping was beneficial for some families in managing disease-related stress and adjustment. They also highlighted the bidirectional effects of such coping on both patients and families. To offer culturally responsive care, further evaluation and integration of religion and spirituality into training programs, and clinical and research practices is needed. This ensures that pediatric psychologists effectively understand and address the religious and spiritual needs of children and families.
Revolutionary self-powered transducing mechanism for long-lasting and stable glucose monitoring: achieving selective and sensitive bacterial endospore germination in microengineered paper-based platforms
Authors: Gao Yang , Elhadad Anwar , Choi Seokheun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe introduce a groundbreaking proof-of-concept for a novel glucose monitoring transducing mechanism, marking the first demonstration of a spore-forming microbial whole-cell sensing platform. The approach uses selective and sensitive germination of Bacillus subtilis spores in response to glucose in potassium-rich bodily fluids such as sweat. As the rate of germination and the number of metabolically active germinating cells are directly proportional to glucose concentration, the electrogenic activity of these cells—manifested as electricity—serves as a self-powered transducing signal for glucose detection. Within a microengineered, paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC), these electrical power outputs are measurable and can be visually displayed through a compact interface, providing real-time alerts. The dormant spores extend shelf-life, and the self-replicating bacteria ensure robustness. The MFC demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity of 2.246 µW·(log mM)−1·cm−2 to glucose concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10 mM, with a notably lower limit of detection at ~0.07 mM. The sensor exhibited exceptional selectivity, accurately detecting glucose even in the presence of various interferents. Comparative analyses revealed that, unlike conventional enzymatic biosensors whose performance degrades significantly through time even when inactive, the spore-based MFC is stable for extended periods and promptly regains functionality when needed. This preliminary investigation indicates that the spore-forming microbial whole-cell sensing strategy holds considerable promise for efficient diabetes management and can be extended toward noninvasive wearable monitoring, overcoming critical challenges of current technologies and paving the way for advanced biosensing applications.
Acute cannabidiol administration reduces alcohol craving and cue-induced nucleus accumbens activation in individuals with alcohol use disorder: the double-blind randomized controlled ICONIC trial
Authors: Zimmermann Sina , Teetzmann Anton , Baeßler Joscha , Schreckenberger Lena , Zaiser Judith , Pfisterer Marlen , Stenger Manuel , Bach Patrick 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent, only a few medications are approved for its treatment leaving much room for improvement. Cannabidiol (CBD) might be a particularly promising candidate, with preclinical data suggesting that CBD is effective in targeting AUD symptoms and disease processes that drive alcohol use and relapse, due to its anti-craving, stress-reducing, and anti-compulsive effects. Here we report data from the double-blind randomized controlled ICONIC trial that compared the effects of a single dose of 800 mg cannabidiol against placebo (PLC) in N = 28 individuals with AUD. Cue-induced nucleus accumbens (NAc) activation, alcohol craving during a combined stress- and alcohol cue exposure session, as well as craving during an fMRI alcohol cue-reactivity task and CBD plasma levels served as outcomes. Individuals receiving CBD showed lower bilateral cue-induced NAc activation (tleft_NAc(23) = 4.906, p < 0.001, d = 1.15; tright_NAc (23) = 4.873, p < 0.001, d = 1.13) and reported significantly lower alcohol craving after a combined stress- and alcohol cue exposure session (Fgroup(1,26) = 4.516, p = 0.043, eta2 = 0.15) and during the fMRI cue-reactivity task (Fgroup(1,24) = 6.665, p = 0.015, eta2 = 0.23). CBD levels were significantly higher in the CBD group (t(25) = 3.808, p < 0.001, d = 1.47) and showed a significant negative association with alcohol craving during the cue exposure experiment (r = −0.394, pFDR = 0.030) and during fMRI (r = −0.389, pFDR = 0.030), and with left and right NAc activation (rleft_NAc = −0.459, pFDR = 0.030; rright_NAc = −0.405, pFDR = 0.030). CBD’s capacity to reduce stress- and cue-induced alcohol craving and to normalize NAc activation – a region critical to the pathophysiology of AUD – contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of its clinical effects and support its potential as a treatment option for AUD. Clinical Trials Registry: DRKS00029993.
Clinical and biomarker analyses of SHR-1701 combined with famitinib in patients with previously treated advanced biliary tract cancer or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a phase II trial
Authors: Yi Lixia , Pan Haoqi , Ning Zhouyu , Xu Litao , Zhang Hena , Peng Longfei , Liu Yaowu , Yang Yifan , Si Waimei , Wang Ying , Zhu Xiaoyan , Huang Shenglin , Meng Zhiqiang , Xie Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have poor prognoses and limited treatment options. Here, we conducted this first-in-class phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SHR-1701, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), combined with famitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced BTC or PDAC who failed previous standard treatment (trial registration: ChiCTR2000037927). Among 51 enrolled patients, the BTC cohort showed an objective response rate (ORR) of 28% (including 2 complete responses) and a disease control rate (DCR) of 80%, with a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 5.1 months and a median overall survival (mOS) of 16.0 months. In the PDAC cohort, the ORR was 15% (2 complete responses), with a DCR of 60%, and the mPFS and mOS were 2.1 months and 5.3 months, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 29.4% of patients, with no grade 5 TRAEs reported. Exploratory analyses revealed that primary tumor resection history, peripheral blood immunophenotype changes, and distinct immune-metabolic profiles were associated with treatment benefits. An immune/metabolism score integrating the features of six genes was developed as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in multiple cohorts, allowing for the selection of patients most likely to experience positive outcomes from this therapy regimen. In conclusion, our study provides proof-of-concept data supporting the potential of SHR-1701 plus famitinib as an effective and safe subsequent-line therapy for refractory BTC and PDAC, highlighting the promise of targeting PD-L1, TGF-β, and angiogenesis pathways simultaneously.
Cancer-type somatic mutations in saccular cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Rezai Jahromi Behnam , Valori Miko , Tulamo Riikka , Jauhiainen Suvi , Ilmonen Henna , Kantonen Jonas , Kaikkonen-Määttä Minna , Laakso Aki , Ylä-Hertuala Seppo , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Tienari Pentti J. , Niemelä Mika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntracranial aneurysms (IAs) are a major cause of subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) which can have a significant morbidity and mortality. The processes underlying the aneurysm development remains unclear. We performed whole exome sequencing of DNA derived from 20 saccular cerebral aneurysms of 20 patients, followed by somatic variant calling. Eleven (55%) of the 20 patients had detectable nonsynonymous somatic mutations and in total, 48 mutations were detected in the aneurysm samples. The mutations were highly enriched in cancer-related genes and 77% were predictably deleterious. A p.Tyr562Asp somatic mutation was detected in the PDGFRB gene; somatic mutations at the same codon have been reported in fusiform cerebral aneurysms. These results widen the concept on the role of somatic mutations in cerebral aneurysms, indicating their possible role in the more common saccular aneurysm, similarly to the rarer fusiform aneurysm.
Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of Neanderthal admixture
Authors: Sümer Arev P. , Rougier Hélène , Villalba-Mouco Vanessa , Huang Yilei , Iasi Leonardo N. M. , Essel Elena , Bossoms Mesa Alba , Furtwaengler Anja , Peyrégne Stéphane , de Filippo Cesare , Rohrlach Adam B. , Pierini Federica , Mafessoni Fabrizio , Fewlass Helen , Zavala Elena I. , Mylopotamitaki Dorothea , Bianco Raffaela A. , Schmidt Anna , Zorn Julia , Nickel Birgit , Patova Anna , Posth Cosimo , Smith Geoff M. , Ruebens Karen , Sinet-Mathiot Virginie , Stoessel Alexander , Dietl Holger , Orschiedt Jörg , Kelso Janet , Zeberg Hugo , Bos Kirsten I. , Welker Frido , Weiss Marcel , McPherron Shannon P. , Schüler Tim , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Velemínský Petr , Brůžek Jaroslav , Peter Benjamin M. , Meyer Matthias , Meller Harald , Ringbauer Harald , Hajdinjak Mateja , Prüfer Kay , Krause Johannes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Modern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals1–4. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlatý kůň, Czechia3 and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria2. Here we deepen our understanding of early modern humans by analysing one high-coverage genome and five low-coverage genomes from approximately 45,000-year-old remains from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany4, and a further high-coverage genome from Zlatý kůň. We show that distant familial relationships link the Ranis and Zlatý kůň individuals and that they were part of the same small, isolated population that represents the deepest known split from the Out-of-Africa lineage. Ranis genomes harbour Neanderthal segments that originate from a single admixture event shared with all non-Africans that we date to approximately 45,000–49,000 years ago. This implies that ancestors of all non-Africans sequenced so far resided in a common population at this time, and further suggests that modern human remains older than 50,000 years from outside Africa represent different non-African populations.