bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel ENPP1 mutation identified in a multigenerational family affected by Cole disease
Authors: Gabaton Niña , Kannu Peter , Pope Elena , Shugar Andrea , Lara‐Corrales Irene 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCole disease is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis with only five cases published in literature since its first description in 1976. We report a case of a 3‐year‐old boy of Italian ancestry who presented with hypopigmented skin patches on the upper extremities and multiple yellowish, firm papules and small plaques on his palms and soles. There were similar findings in the family, extending back at least four generations. Whole exome sequence analysis revealed a novel variant of the ENPP1 gene mutation, which has not been previously reported to be associated with Cole disease. Although there is no extracutaneous involvement associated with this condition, accurate diagnosis and variant identification is nevertheless important so that appropriate medical and genetic counseling can be offered to affected individuals and their at‐risk relatives.
Photogrammetric Record Microsoft Word Template
Authors: Author Arthur , Author Maria J. , Author S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis is an example of an original article in the layout expected by The Photogrammetric Record. The abstract is a concise summary of the essential elements of the paper and should not contain detailed results. It should be no longer than 150 words. This template indicates how a paper submitted to the journal should be structured and formatted, including figures, tables, mathematics and references.
Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC) cohort: Design, implementation, and characteristics
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Gong Yunhui , Chen Yue , Corte Karen Della , Duan Ruonan , Tian Guo , Liang Yi , Xue Hongmei , Zhang Jieyi , Li Ming , He Fang , Yang Dagang , Zhou Rong , Cheng Guo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy and birth cohorts addressing maternal nutrition and its impact on health outcomes have been rare in China, especially in Southwest China.ObjectivesTo describe the design, implementation, baseline characteristics, and initial results of the Nutrition in Pregnancy and Growth in Southwest China (NPGSC) cohort.PopulationPregnant women with their children in Southwest China.DesignNPGSC participants have been prospectively recruited since 2014. Pregnant women were invited to participate in the study at their first routine ultrasound examination in gestational weeks 9‐11. Data were assessed three times during pregnancy (9‐11, 20‐22, and 33‐35 gestation weeks), and eight times in infants and toddlers.MethodsPre‐pregnancy body weight and height were self‐reported; gestational weight gain was measured at regular intervals. Both food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and 24‐hour dietary recalls were used to collect dietary intakes during pregnancy, and FFQ for diet before pregnancy. Information on pregnancy outcomes was extracted from the medical birth registry. Anthropometry of children in the first 3 years of life was measured by trained investigators. Other child outcomes, including feeding practices (self‐reported by mothers) and cognitive development (assessed by the Chinese version of Ages and Stages Questionnaire), were recorded.Preliminary resultsBetween 2014 and 2018, 12 989 pregnant women were enrolled, and 2296 children completed the 3 years follow‐up. Among them, 115 pregnancies ended in stillbirth. Mean maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI was 21.1 kg/m2 and mean gestational weight gain was 13.5 kg 18.6% of mothers developed gestational diabetes and 1.5% of mothers were diagnosed with preeclampsia. Mean birthweight and birth length of children were, respectively, 3329 g and 49.4 cm.ConclusionWe built a prospective cohort in Southwest China, which can provide valuable data to investigate the relevance of nutrition for the health of mothers and children.
The space in between. Creating meaning between Richard Fanshawe’s original and translated poetry
Authors: Sousa Garcia Tiago 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article offers a reading of the relationship between original and translated poetry in the work of the seventeenth‐century author, diplomat, and translator, Richard Fanshawe. It argues that the physical space between original and translated poetry published in the same volume becomes itself a site of signification. It focuses in particular on the original poem ‘On the Earle of Straffords Tryall’ and the translated sonnet ‘The Fall,’ and on the two examples of self‐translation ‘The Escuriall / In Aedes magnificas’ and ‘On His Majesties Great Shippe/ Ad eximiae magnitudinis Navem.’ The relationship between the two sets of poems can be better understood by taking into account their relative positions in the 1648 volume in which they were published, examining them both as independent pieces and as a unit, resulting in a new and extended reading of both sets of poems. In the process, this article argues that in Fanshawe’s work, and in mid‐seventeenth‐century English literature more broadly, the relationship between original and translated literature occupies a space between independence and continuity, and that translators took to their task with the same energy and creativity as writers of original verse.
Local quadratic estimation of the curvature in a functional single index model
Authors: Ye Zi , Hooker Giles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe nonlinear responses of species to environmental variability can play an important role in the maintenance of ecological diversity. Nonetheless, many models use parametric nonlinear terms which pre‐determine the ecological conclusions. Motivated by this concern, we study the estimate of the second derivative (curvature) of the link function in a functional single index model. Since the coefficient function and the link function are both unknown, the estimate is expressed as a nested optimization. We first estimate the coefficient function by minimizing squared error where the link function is estimated with a Nadaraya‐Watson estimator for each candidate coefficient function. The first and second derivatives of the link function are then estimated via local‐quadratic regression using the estimated coefficient function. In this paper, we derive a convergence rate for the curvature of the nonlinear response. In addition, we prove that the argument of the linear predictor can be estimated root‐n consistently. However, practical implementation of the method requires solving a nonlinear optimization problem, and our results show that the estimates of the link function and the coefficient function are quite sensitive to the choices of starting values.
Quantitative analysis of the anatomical changes in the scalp and hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Soga Shigeyoshi , Koyama Taro , Mikoshi Ayako , Jinzaki Masahiro , Arafune Tatsuhiko , Kawashima Makoto , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Shinmoto Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the structural changes of the scalp in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) have been reported, these changes have been poorly understood. It is expected that modern MRI would visualize the scalp anatomy in vivo. This study aimed to explore whether AGA causes (a) changes in the thickness of the scalp, (b) anatomical changes in the hair follicles, and (c) changes in the signal intensity of MRI.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐seven volunteers underwent MRI for hair and scalp (MRH) and were categorized into two according to the Hamilton‐Norwood Scale: the “AGA group” and the “normal group.” Two radiologists analyzed the thickness and signal intensity of the scalp, and the depth of hair follicles. These measurements were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe thickness of the hypodermis and the entire scalp was significantly thinner in the AGA group than in the control group. The AGA group had significantly shallower depth of hair follicles and relative depth of the hair follicles to that of the entire scalp than the normal group. The hypodermis showed higher signal intensity in the AGA group than the normal group.ConclusionMRH allowed noninvasive visualization of the scalp anatomy and demonstrated the thinner nature of the entire scalp and hypodermis, along with the shallower depth of the hair follicles in the AGA group in comparison to the normal group. Additionally, MRH demonstrated the increased MR signal intensity in the scalp associated with AGA. MRH may be a promising new method for quantitative and objective analyses of AGA.
Prevalence and risks of hepatitis E virus infection in blood donors from the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Maponga Tongai G. , Lopes Tatum , Cable Russell , Pistorius Charlotte , Preiser Wolfgang , Andersson Monique I. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTransfusion‐transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a potential risk to recipients of blood transfusions. Infection with HEV poses a high risk to immunocompromised recipients with an increased likelihood of developing chronic infection. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of past and active HEV infections in donors from the Western Cape and to identify the risk factors associated with infection.Materials and methodsWe prospectively tested 10 250 blood donors for HEV infection. A risk factor sub‐study investigated 250 donors who completed a questionnaire, and plasma samples were tested for HEV IgG antibodies and pooled for HEV RNA detection. The demographic and risk factors associated with HEV infection were assessed. The molecular study tested 10 000 individual donations using a commercial assay to detect viraemia. HEV viral load and genotype were also determined.ResultsThe overall anti‐HEV IgG seroprevalence was 42·8% (107/250) among donors participating in the risk factor sub‐study. The likelihood of past HEV infection was higher with an increase in age. Of the 10 000 donor samples individually tested for HEV RNA, one sample was positive with a viral load of 7·9 x 104 IU/ml and belonged to HEV genotype 3.ConclusionWe found a high seroprevalence of anti‐HEV IgG but a low HEV RNA prevalence among donors in the Western Cape, South Africa. The study provides evidence for a potential risk of HEV contamination in the blood supply in South Africa. A cost–benefit analysis is needed before considering the introduction of routine donor screening in our setting.
How the COVID‐19 pandemic may impact public support for clinical xenotransplantation in the United States?
Authors: Knoll Michael F. , Cooper David K. C. , Bottino Rita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany patients who would undergo organ transplantation cannot proceed due to the inability of human organ donation to satisfy medical needs. Xenotransplantation has the potential to offer unlimited availability of pig organs for transplantation, and pig‐to‐non‐human primate models have demonstrated outcomes that may soon justify clinical trials. However, one of the unique ethical challenges faced by xenotransplantation is that the risk of introducing potential zoonotic disease into the community must be weighed along with the benefit to the patient. While most experts believe that zoonosis is manageable, apprehension over disease transmission from animal donors to human recipients remains a frequent concern of many who are undecided or opposed to clinical xenotransplantation. The COVID‐19 pandemic represents a scenario (rapid worldwide spread of a highly contagious novel zoonotic disease with no natural defense in humans) that would seem to justify apprehension, especially in the United States, which has largely avoided previous pandemic outbreaks. However, there are many differences between zoonosis found in the wild or after xenotransplantation that favor the safety of the latter. Still, these differences, as well as the benefits of xenotransplantation, are not widely understood outside of the field. We must therefore ask what impact the COVID‐19 pandemic will have on attitudes toward xenotransplantation.
Inhibitory interneurons regulate phasic activity of noradrenergic neurons in the mouse locus coeruleus and functional implications
Authors: Kuo Chao‐Cheng , Hsieh Jung‐Chien , Tsai Hsing‐Chun , Kuo Yu‐Shan , Yau Hau‐Jie , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Chen Ruei‐Feng , Yang Hsiu‐Wen , Min Ming‐Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Key points
The locus coeruleus (LC) contains noradrenergic (NA) neurons that respond to novel stimuli in the environment with phasic activation to initiate an orienting response; phasic LC activation is also triggered by stimuli, representing the outcome of task‐related decision processes, to facilitate ensuing behaviours and help optimize task performance.
Here, we report that LC‐NA neurons exhibit bursts of action potentials in vitro resembling phasic LC activation in vivo, and the activity is gated by inhibitory interneurons (I‐INs) located in the peri‐LC.
We also observe that inhibition of peri‐LC I‐INs enhances prepulse inhibition and axons from cortical areas that play important roles in evaluating the cost/reward of a stimulus synapse on both peri‐LC I‐INs and LC‐NA neurons.
The results help us understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the generation and regulation of phasic LC activation with a focus on the role of peri‐LC I‐INs.
AbstractNoradrenergic (NA) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) have global axonal projection to the brain. These neurons discharge action potentials phasically in response to either novel stimuli in the environment to initiate an orienting behaviour or stimuli representing the outcome of task‐related decision processes to facilitate ensuing behaviours and help optimize task performance. Nevertheless, the cellular mechanisms underlying the generation and regulation of phasic LC activation remain unknown. We report here that LC‐NA neurons recorded in brain slices exhibit bursts of action potentials that resembled the phasic activation‐pause profile observed in animals. The activity was referred to as phasic‐like activity (PLA) and was suppressed and enhanced by blocking excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions, respectively. These results suggest the existence of a local circuit to drive PLA, and the activity could be regulated by the excitatory–inhibitory balance of the circuit. In support of this notion, we located a population of inhibitory interneurons (I‐INs) in the medial part of the peri‐LC that exerted feedforward inhibition of LC‐NA neurons through GABAergic and glycinergic transmissions. Selective inhibition of peri‐LC I‐INs with chemogenetic methods could enhance PLA in brain slices and increase prepulse inhibition in animals. Moreover, axons from the orbitofrontal and prelimbic cortices, which play important roles in evaluating the cost/reward of a stimulus, synapse on both peri‐LC I‐INs and LC‐NA neurons. These observations demonstrate functional roles of peri‐LC I‐INs in integrating inputs of the frontal cortex onto LC‐NA neurons and gating the phasic LC output.
Industrial Sustainability: Reviewing the Past and Envisioning the Future
Authors: Sutherland John W. , Skerlos Steven J. , Haapala Karl R. , Cooper Daniel , Zhao Fu , Huang Aihua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSociety's consumption of natural resources and the impact of industrial activities on the environment have gained increasing attention over the last several decades. This paper provides a historical perspective on the origins of the environmental movement and its connection to industrial systems. Then, recent research related to product design, process improvement and change, green manufacturing planning, and the circular economy are described. With respect to product design, topics such as material selection and component light-weighting are considered. For process-related research, efforts such as operation changes and equipment design for reduced energy consumption are discussed. For manufacturing planning, new developments in process planning and production scheduling are highlighted that consider environmental performance. The concept of circular economy is examined critically, with particular emphasis placed on closing materials loops via recycling and remanufacturing. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities to achieve the goal of industrial sustainability.
Combined Effects of Steam Wetness and Pressure on Characteristics of Acoustic Resonance Amplitude in Closed Side Branch
Authors: Uchiyama Yuta , Morita Ryo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSteam piping and components in many industrial applications such as power plants sometimes experience structural vibration and fatigue damage caused by flow-induced acoustic resonance in piping with closed side branches. The state of steam in the steam piping can be not only dry (superheated) steam but also wet steam (i.e., a two-phase flow comprising a mixture of saturated steam and saturated water). From our prior research on the general characteristics of acoustic resonance under wet steam flows, the maximum pressure amplitudes under low-pressure wet steam were significantly lower than those under dry steam, which is considered to be caused by the presence of a liquid phase. Here, we investigate how the steam wetness and steam pressure affect the maximum pressure amplitude since practical steam piping may be exposed to various conditions. Experiments on acoustic resonance in a single side branch were conducted under high-quality wet steam flows with a steam pressure of up to 0.8 MPa and a steam quality of 0.9 &lt; x &lt; 1.0 as parameters. For our experimental conditions, it was confirmed that the steam pressure and steam state had little impact on the critical Strouhal number, whereas the maximum amplitudes under wet steam were markedly lower than those under dry steam. Different dependences of the maximum amplitude on the Reynolds number were confirmed for dry steam and wet steam. Moreover, the reduction of the maximum pressure amplitude under wet steam was affected by both the void fraction and the density ratio.
Novel accessory safety footswitch permitting dual control of surgical electrical diathermy: an asset in risk management in surgical training?
Authors: Eisawi Abdalla , Aung Myat , Canelo Ruben 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionHuman error contributes to the majority of adverse events in the operating theatre environment. Many processes exist to limit the incidence of such adverse events. However, the role of technology and device advancement has been limited in this respect.MethodsA dual-controlled accessory electrical diathermy footswitch (abortive diathermy footswitch device or ADF) concept was developed in an attempt to improve patient safety in theatre. The activation of the ADF allows a senior surgeon to control the activation of diathermy devices by a junior surgeon by deactivating diathermy devices when the ADF footswitch is operated.ResultsThe ADF device was constructed as a final working and tested prototype in association with the local medical engineering department at the Cumberland Infirmary in Carlisle. The device was clinically tested during two separate theatre sessions involving five elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility and functionality of the ADF device and propose a role in surgical training through potentially limiting surgical errors associated with the use of electrical diathermy during training and expanding accessible surgical experience.
Implementation of interventions targeting the uptake of genetic testing services for breast cancer risk: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Thapa Subash , Leppin Anja , Kristensen Rikke , Just Bonde Mette , Aro Arja R 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe timely identification of breast cancer-related pathogenic variants can help to identify the risk of potential disease development and determine healthcare choices. However, the uptake rate of genetic testing services for breast cancer risk remains low in many countries. Interventions targeting the uptake of these services among individuals potentially at risk for inherited breast cancer are often complex and have multiple components, and are therefore difficult to implement, replicate and disseminate to new contexts. Our aim is to systematically review studies targeting the uptake of genetic testing services for breast cancer risk and critically assess the quality of implementation outcomes and the reporting of intervention descriptions.Methods and analysisPubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library and all Campbell Coordinating Group databases will be searched for intervention studies that target individuals' participation in breast cancer genetic testing programmes. Papers published in English within the time period from January 2005 until October 2019 will be considered for inclusion. Titles, abstracts and full papers will be screened for eligibility by two pairs of reviewers independently. For data analysis and synthesis, study-level and intervention-level characteristics will be abstracted. We will present all implementation outcomes that are mentioned in each of the studies and register the number of studies that do not at all look at or report implementation outcomes. The quality of implementation will be checked using a 5-point rubric item, and the quality and completeness of reporting of intervention description will be evaluated using the 12-item Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required to conduct this review. Review findings will be disseminated to academic and non-specialist audiences via peer-reviewed academic journals and presented at appropriate conferences, workshops and meetings to policymakers, practitioners and organisations that work with our population of interest.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018105732.
The Problem-Solving Decision-Making scale—translation and validation for the Portuguese language: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gregório Micaela , Teixeira Andreia , Páscoa Rosália , Baptista Sofia , Carvalho Rosa , Martins Carlos 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo translate and validate the Problem-Solving Decision-Making scale instrument into the Portuguese language.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting: participantsThe Problem-Solving Decision-Making scale was translated from English to Portuguese and then back-translated to obtain a final version. The questionnaire was then applied face-to-face from January to March 2019 in a representative sample of the Portuguese population (n=301 people aged 20 years or more) to validate the Problem-Solving Decision-Making scale in a Portuguese population.OutcomesPrincipal component analysis and Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsPrincipal component analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the internal structure of the scale. The results identified two components: problem-solving and decision-making with an explained variance of 65.9%. For internal consistency, three different techniques were used and applied to the two components. All of the items have very good internal consistency (problem-solving Cronbach’s alpha=0.931 and decision-making Cronbach’s alpha=0.951).ConclusionsThe validation of the Portuguese scale agreed well with the existing literature. The scale can be divided into two components: the problem-solving component and the decision-making component. The translated scale demonstrated good internal consistency and can therefore be used in future studies.