bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on gas plasma and liquid plasma treatment for polyether ether ketone (PEEK) surface for wettability enhancement
Authors: Vira Theng Saw , Zaaba Siti Khadijah , Mustaffa Mohammad Taufiq 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of liquid and gas plasma treatment on polyether ether ketone PEEK surfaces are reported. The experiments were conducted by using variation of treatment time (5 s to 60 s) using Helium as its working gas. The results were obtained by measuring the water contact angle (WCA) and the studying the surface morphology of the PEEK surface. Comparisons of WCA and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were conducted for samples which undergone gas plasma treatment and liquid plasma treatment. After gas plasma treatment, WCA of the PEEK surface decreased from 65° to 21°. Results of WCA for liquid plasma treatment showed decrement from 65° to 45°. Images from SEM showed PEEK surface area after gas and liquid plasma showed surface area increment of 40% for gas plasma and 20% for liquid plasma. The decrement of WCA and increment of surface area showed that PEEK surface properties changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic via wettability enhancement.
Development of an Affordable, Accessible, and Available (3As) IoT-Enabled Motion Analysis System for Stroke Recovery Monitoring – An Introductory Approach
Authors: Chong Yu Zheng , Ng Peng Yee 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) formulated in 2015, there are seventeen (17) identified goals aimed to be achieved by 2030. This project was focussed on SDG 3, SDG 10, and SDG 11 [1]. The developed motion analysis system adopted principles of Affordability, Accessibility, and Availability of this system for monitoring of stroke patients who are undergoing physical therapy (PT). Such system will enable stakeholders involved in rehabilitation of these communities to monitor the progress of PT regime that will be vital in determining efficacy of the regime. Furthermore, the proposed system has the capabilities of remote monitoring, and data acquisition via the IoT platform. The cost of developing this modular system was less than RM 1,000 (approximately USD 243) [2]. Hence, it is anticipated that this project will be a stepping stone towards 3As of motion analysis for stroke patients.
The Characterization Of Bario Rice Starch-nanoHA Scaffolds using SEM and Dielectric Measurement
Authors: Roslan M.Riza , Nasir N.F.Mohd , Khalid M.F.Abdul , Cheng E.M , Amin N.A.M. , Mohammad N. , Beh C.Y. , Majid M.S.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bone tissue scaffold had been ventured for over the decades as a solution for bone failure and trauma. Starch is the most common natural polymer that has been used as a biomaterials and a good candidate for scaffold fabrication as there are many resources of starch in Malaysia. Native starches may contribute differently in their structure in terms of the amylose content, interactions between granules, swelling ability and solubility in which those differences can be mainly due to the botanical origin. In Malaysia, there are various resources of rice starches. Here, the Bario rice starch from Sarawak was used to fabricate the scaffold via solvent casting and salt leaching technique. Bario rice is usually collected from various sources and variety which may contribute to different physical affect in comparison of using other type of rice. From the study, the morphologies and microstructures of the scaffold were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) and this showed no trend of pore size increment when starch percentage varied. Then, the dielectric properties were obtained via the values of dielectric constant and dielectric loss which are another type of indirect measurement to study the porosity of the scaffolds. The porosity has the value of the dielectric constant and the loss air matrix whereby this air matrix is represented by the pore in the scaffold. Here, the results were consistent with the observation made through SEM. Thus, the relationship between the porosity and the dielectric properties of the Bario Rice Starch-nHA tissue scaffolds had been established and there were no particular pattern could be concluded by using Bario rice for this scaffold.
Computer Aided Diagnosis of Eye Disease for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ng Wei Sheng , Mahmud Wan Mahani Hafizah Wan , Huong Audrey Kah Ching , Kairuddin Wan Nur Hafsha Wan , Gan Hong Seng , Izaham Raja Mohd Aizat Raja 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of diabetes complication that could cause the vision loss, where it is caused by the damage of the blood vessels at the back of the eye. Due to this, regular eye check-up and timely treatment is needed. However, the lack of specialized ophthalmologists together with associated higher medical costs makes regular check-up costly. Therefore, any application of the technologies such as Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system that could help in analysing DR efficiently in its early stage may help this current situation. Although CAD systems were developed before, but the graphic user interface for user is not developed for the ease of uses for everyone and not just limited to professional. So, in this study, a system is created in order to help the doctor to reduce their burden on the job daily and the false negative rate for the benefit of the patient. The input of the system is the Retinal fundus images (RFI) from STARE database, and the system was built with the ability to enhance and process the image for confirmation of DR. In addition, the system will help to extract out the important features based on Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and classify it using artificial neural network (ANN) whether the patient is associated with the characteristics of DR. Also, the system will be easy to use to everyone as it will have its own graphic user interface to make it clear to everyone not just professionals so that the image from the RFI can be inserted and the result will come out in a short duration of time. The developed system able to achieve as high as 88% sensitivity, 80% specificity and 84% accuracy.
Number of Screws Affecting the Stability and Stress Distributions of Conventional and Locking Compression Plate: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Tuminoh Herman , Afandi Mohamad Hafiz Mohamad , Gan Hong Seng , Kadir Mohammad Rafiq Abdul , Ramlee Muhammad Hanif 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effectiveness of malleolar fracture fixation is still questionable. Internal fixator is the one of the treatment for treating this fracture. However, the analysis of various type of internal fixator is still lacking in the literature in terms of biomechanical characteristics and behaviour. Thus, the aim of the study was to compare the stability of locking compression plate (LCP) and one third tubular plate (OTT) in different configuration of screws. Computed Tomography (CT) images of bone was used to develop 3D model of fibula bone. The plate was constructed in Solidworks software and number of screws used were 3 and 5. Further, finite element study was conducted for both model. For LCP, the highest von Mises stress (VMS) observed at the plate for 3 screws was 484 MPa, whereas for 5 screws plate was 667 MPa. Besides, for OTT, the highest VMS at plate observed for 3 screws was 300.5 MPa, whereas for 5 screws plate was 127.5 MPa. Based on the results, it can be noted that the usage of 3 screws can causes a low VMS at plate compare to 5 screws. However, the relation is valid for LCP. For OTT, 5 screws constructs gave a low VMS than 3 screws constructs.
Classification of Acute Leukemia Based on Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Halim Nurul Hazwani Abd , Mashor Mohd Yusoff , Hassan Rosline 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In general, various artificial neural network have been applied in many areas such as modelling, pattern recognition, signal processing, diagnostic and prognostic. In this paper, artificial neural network are used to detect and classify the white blood cell (WBC) inside the acute leukemia blood samples. There are 25 features have been extracted from segmented WBC, which consist of shape, color and texture based features. Then, it have been fed up as the neural network inputs for the classification process in order to classify the segmented regions into two classes either B or T. The training algorithm for MLP network is Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). The MLP network achieves the highest testing accuracy of 96.99% for 4 hidden nodes at state of 5 by using the overall 25 input features. Thus, MLP network trained by using LM algorithm is suitable for acute leukemia cells detection in blood sample.
Optimization of Irrelevant Features for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) System
Authors: Ying Ong Zhi , Awang Saidatul Ardeenawatie binti , Vijean Vikneswaran A/L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The brain is the most important body part for human. The brain controls all activities of the body such as movement, imagine, and response. Therefore, it is believed that the signals which collected from human scalp contain a lot of useful information. This useful information known as features can be extracted by applying advanced signal processing. Then, the features used for a brain-computer interface (BCI) system. However, the most suitable and relevant features for the BCI system still not investigate. In this paper, ten healthy subjects were involved in data collection. Threshold method, notch filter and wavelet decomposition were applied during pre-processing. Then, the signals were normalised. Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) were implemented. The features such as statistical-based features, approximate entropy (ApEn), sample entropy (SampEn), fuzzy entropy (FuzEn), permutation entropy (PermEn), distribution entropy (DistEn), Hjorth parameter, and Hurst exponent (HE) were extracted from PSD and HHT separately. Genetic algorithm (GA) and reliefF were carried out to select the most suitable and relevant features for the BCI system. The prediction rate before and after feature selection were compared. The performance after feature selection is improved in term of prediction rate and training time. The best classifier, in this case, is the bagged tree which can achieve 99.30%.
Energy saving mechanism in fog assisted IoT enabled health monitoring framework
Authors: Pani Luina , Misra Chinmaya , Abdullah Azian Azamimi , Dash Satya Ranjan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This proposed research work discusses fog assisted IoT enabled health monitoring system performance. This system support local processing nearer the client machine for faster service and removing redundant data. This architecture is suitable for heavy traffic health data monitoring system like old or child monitoring or fitness care monitoring system. After processing huge data, only filtering data will be forwarded to cloud for processing. To transfer the huge amount of health monitoring data form IoT layer to Data Management and Processing Layer (DMPL) consume lots of energy. To minimize the energy requirement in the fog assisted DMPL layer, we adopt sleep mode operation and batch transferring data packet transfer technology. This paper studies the effect of sleeping mode on mean delay, number of data packets in the buffer and probability of blocking. The results show that proposed approach saves energy and effective framework for fog assisted health monitoring framework.
Characteristics of the Extreme Rainfall over Indonesian Equatorial Region based on the Madden-Julian Oscillation Index Data Analysis
Authors: Hermawan Eddy , Norfahmi Siti Hairunnisa , Suryantoro Arief , Harjana Teguh , Trismidianto  , Purwaningsih Anis , Setyawati Wiwiek , Azizah Siti 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Indonesia Maritime Continent (IMC) is one the most important region at the equator which affected by many atmospheric phenomena, especially Madden-Julian Oscillation and Monsoon. Asian Winter Monsoon causes the increasing of rainfall in several places in Indonesia in December-January-February (DJF), and since MJO related to a propagation of convective cloud, somehow it affects the rainfall variability in equator, especially over Indonesia. Interaction of both phenomena simultaneously bring rainfall is increasing in Indonesia, especially in Western Part of Indonesia. Therefore, a research about the impact of MJO in rainfall especially in Bandung and other cities over Indonesia is important. This study aims to investigate impacts of MJO events on the rainfall variability in Bandung and other cities focusing when Asian Winter Monsoon (December-January-February/DJF) for period of DJF 2002/03 – DJF 2012/13 passing over Indonesia. The results show that from 10 MJO events in period DJF 2002/03 – DJF 2012/13, the event increased the rainfall continuously in phase 3, phase 4, and phase 5. In phase 3, the increasing happened in every station except Supadio in Pontianak with the total precipitation > 30 mm/day. The condition of rainfall in phase 4 fluctuates in every station, but with the dominant increasing in Equator. In phase 5, the decreasing of rainfall happened in North of the Equator and Equator, while in South of Equator, the rainfall in Cengkareng Station in Jakarta increased about 20% but decreased about -42% in Bandung Station.
Kinetics of Reducing Sugar Formation from Coconut Husk by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis
Authors: Alimny Alfain Noerdin , Muharja Maktum , Widjaja Arief 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Coconut husk hydrolysis using subcritical water (SCW) with N2 as pressurizing gas was carried out in a batch reactor at temperature of 150 °C-190 °C, at pressure of 60-100 bar and the reaction time from 20-60 min. The effect of SCW pretreatment could reduce lignin and produced reducing sugars. The highest TRS (total reducing sugar) yield was 0,4904 at 170 °C, 80 bar, and the reaction time of 20 min. Reducing sugars concentration increased when temperatures rised from 150 to 170 °C. However, reducing sugar concentration decreased at temperature above 170 °C. The decrease of reducing sugar was due to degradation of reducing sugars into its degradation products. A first-order reaction model was determined to describe the reaction rate constant of the formation of reducing sugar and its degradation products. Kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting the proposed equation with the experimental data. The reaction rate constant increased when temperature increased from 150 to 170 °C, but then decreased when the temperature increased above 170 °C. Activation energy was also determined based on the Arrhenius equation.
Experimental Test of the Effect Wet Ethanol on Decreasing Emissions Exhaust in EFI Gasoline Engine with EGR System
Authors: Arief Alfi Ardian M , Ardian Alfi , Sinaga dan Nazarudin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The increase in the number of vehicles results in increased fuel consumption and air pollution. This also affects the more depletion of fossil fuel availability. An increasing number of these vehicles contribute to air pollution in urban areas. Hazardous substances such as NOx (Nitrogen Oxide), CO (Carbon Monoxide), and HC (Hydrocarbon) are harmful to health. In order to reduce the emissions of CO and HC, wet ethanol is one of the solutions to overcome these problems. Besides ethanol can be obtained from materials that are renewable. In fact, wet ethanol has a value of higher octane and higher oxygen content than gasoline. Blending both the fuel is expected to reduce air pollution. The purpose of this research is to obtain the best premium and wet ethanol percentage for lowering emissions of CO and HC. The fuel used is gasoline (88 octane number) and the wet ethanol (109 octane number). The percentage of wet ethanol blended into the fuel is in the range of 5% to 15%. Experiments conducted an engine speed of 2500 to 4000 rpm with an interval of 500 rpm. This study investigates the effects of wet ethanol and premium blends and the use of EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) against exhaust emissions on a gasoline engine with EFI systems (Electronic Fuel Injection). From the results of this study is found that the exhaust gas temperature increases in the increase of engine speed. The addition of EGR reduces the exhaust gas temperature. The increase in BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) without the largest EGR at we15 is 3.36% at 0.38 kg/kw. Hour, while the decrease in BSFC with the largest EGR at we5 is 17.61% at 0.30 kg/kw. Hour. Wet ethanol and gasoline blends cause a decrease in emissions of CO and HC. With a 15% wet ethanol blend, CO and HC emissions can be reduced to 60.23% and 44.30%, respectively. However, adding 15% wet ethanol into gasoline fuel increases 34.66% of CO2.
Maximizing Power Tracking of an Offshore Wind Turbine Using Perturb and Observe Method
Authors: Ardiles R , Hasan S , Pane Z , Suherman S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As fossil energy sources have been limited, renewable energy sources are now being explored. The wind energy is potential in the coastal area of Indonesia such as Nias island. There is only 0.5% of the potential energy sources in this area has been used. This article studies the wind energy prospect and simulates the implementation of maximum power point tracking based on perturb and observe method for permanent magnet synchronous generator of wind energy converter. Study shows that the method is able to enhance output power of wind energy generator about 7.22 % in average with shorter tracking time of 0.67 s.
Comparison of Hi-Art Tomotherapy Machine Outputs Using AAPM TG-148 and IAEA TRS 483 Codes of Practice
Authors: Firmansyah O A , Firmansyah A F , Sunaryati S I , Wibowo W E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Comparison of Hi-Art Tomotherapy Machine Outputs using AAPM TG-148 and IAEA TRS 483 Codes of Practice. This paper describes a short history and technological aspect from a Hi-Art tomotherapy machine. The comparison between the tomotherapy machine and conventional linear accelerator machine in the technological aspect and therapy features was also described. There are two codes of practice to determinate the absorbed dose to water from the Hi-Art tomotherapy machine, The AAPM TG-148 and IAEA Technical Report Series No. 483. Determination of the absorbed dose to water was carried out at the machine specific reference condition by using the ionization chamber type of PTW TW 30013 SN 6367 volume 0.6 cc, and electrometer PTW Webline T10022/268. The results obtained show that the value of absorbed dose to water using the AAPM TG-148 was 8507 ± 2.4 mGy/minute and while using the IAEA TRS 483 the value of absorbed dose to water was 8485 ± 2.4 mGy/minute. The comparison result of the determination of the absorbed dose to water using AAPM TG-148 and IAEA TRS 483 protocol has a deviation of 0.2%.
Effect of Temperature in Ionic Liquids Pretreatment on Structure of Lignocellulose from Corncob
Authors: Rofiqah Umi , Kurniawan Aditya , Nugroho Aji Ridwan Widi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biomass is a potential source of cellulose contained in nature in abundant amounts of either agricultural waste or plant. Corncob is one of biomass derived from waste of agricultural. High content of cellulose from corn cobs have the potential to be processed into glucose which is then fermented to produce bioethanol. Lignin contained in the corn cobs must be removed to produce high glucose levels, through choline acetate as ionic liquid in pretreatment process. Pretreatment process was done by adding choline acetate (ChoAc) as ionic liquid (IL) with a certain ratio between biomass to IL. The pretreatment was carried out at 90°C, 120°C and 150°C of temperature with a reaction time of 20 hours. The highest lignin reduction and index of crystallinity (CrI) is 36.05% and 25.74% respectively, obtained in a pretreatment that uses 0.3 of biomass to IL ratio and 150°C of temperature. This reduction of lignin was aimed to obtain high yield bioethanol in the fermentation process due to high yield of of glucose. And the greater the crystallinity index, the easier the enzymes or microorganisms will degrade glucose into bioethanol.
Experimental and computational study on heat transfer of a 150 kW air-cooled eddy current dynamometer
Authors: Sinaga Nazaruddin , Syaiful  , Yunianto B , Rifal M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The air-cooled eddy current dynamometer is widely used in the measurement of engine performance. However, the load capacity of this device will significantly decrease when operated continuously as a result of temperature rise. To resolve this issue, it needs a high rate air cooling system. Since the heat transfer mechanism is real complicated and has several parameters affecting the cooling rate, it is advantageous to examine the phenomena theoretically, before designing a dynamometer. The primary objective of this study was to validate the numerical simulation modeling against experimental measurement results. The study was conducted with an existing 150 kW eddy current dynamometer that operates at several rotating speeds. Numerical calculation was validated with experimental results by varying turbulence models and dynamometer load. The finite volume method, facilitated by ANSYS FLUENT® software, was used to solve the problem. It has been found that the Spalart-Allmaras model is in good agreement compared to the experimental results. Hence, it is concluded that the computational model might be used as the reference to calculate the effect of dynamometer geometry parameters, and other operational variables, for getting the optimum design of cooling part of the dynamometer.
The Effect of Dust on Solar PV System Energy Output Under Urban Climate of Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Tarigan Elieser 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) electricity is one of the most effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable source of energy. The amount of electricity produced by a PV system is directly affected by the level of solar irradiation incident to the PV panels. In the real operation, the dust from the surrounding environment falls and accumulates on PV panels. The accumulation of dust causes a decrease in the energy output of the PV system. This study was aimed to investigate the impact of dust on PV operation to its energy output under the urban climate of Surabaya, Indonesia. The study was conducted by comparing two identical PV panel systems, each of 300 Wp. For one system, the PV panels were manually cleaned regularly for the dust, while for another system is remained without any cleaning. Both systems were measured for their energy output, and the results are compared. The results showed that, during the dry season in Surabaya, the energy output from the cleaned PV panels system is higher by 20% in comparison with the uncleaned PV panels system. While, during the rainy season, both systems produce the same amount of energy. In total throughout the year, cleaning of PV panels system would increase the energy output of about 8%.