bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An 8‐element Tx/Rx array utilizing MEMS detuning combined with 6 Rx loops for 19F and 1H lung imaging at 1.5T
Authors: Maunder Adam , Rao Madhwesha , Robb Fraser , Wild Jim M. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo firstly improve the attainable image SNR of 19F and 1H C3F8 lung imaging at 1.5 tesla using an 8‐element transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) flexible vest array combined with a 6‐element Rx‐only array, and to secondly evaluate microelectromechanical systems for switching the array elements between the 2 resonant frequencies.MethodsThe Tx efficiency and homogeneity of the 8‐element array were measured and simulated for 1H imaging in a cylindrical phantom and then evaluated for in vivo 19F/1H imaging. The added improvement provided by the 6‐element Rx‐only array was quantified through simulation and measurement and compared to the ultimate SNR. It was verified through the measurement of isolation that microelectromechanical systems switches provided broadband isolation of Tx/Rx circuitry such that the 19F tuned Tx/Rx array could be effectively used for both 19F and 1H nuclei.ResultsFor 1H imaging, the measured Tx efficiency/homogeneity (mean ± percent SD; ) was comparable to that simulated ( ). The 6 additional Rx‐only loops increased the mean Rx sensitivity when compared to the 8‐element array by a factor of 1.41× and 1.45× in simulation and measurement, respectively. In regions central to the thorax, the simulated SNR of the 14‐element array achieves ≥70% of the ultimate SNR when including noise from the matching circuits and preamplifiers. A measured microelectromechanical systems switching speed of 12 µs and added minimum 22 dB of isolation between Tx and Rx were sufficient for Tx/Rx switching in this application.ConclusionThe described single‐tuned array driven at 19F and 1H, utilizing microelectromechanical systems technology, provides excellent results for 19F and 1H dual‐nuclear lung ventilation imaging.
Comparison of proximal and distal corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Nair Pradeep Pankajakshan , Wadwekar Vaibhav , Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha Vellathussery , Narayan Sunil K. , Marusani Revanth , Murgai Aditya , Thirunavukkarasu Sibi , Krishnamoorthy Amritha , Thazhath Harichandrakumar Kottyen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvidence for the efficacy of distal corticosteroid injection compared with proximal injection in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is inadequate.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double‐blind noninferiority trial of 131 wrists with CTS. Forty milligrams of methylprednisolone was injected medial to the palmaris longus tendon 2 cm proximal to the wrist crease, or at the volar aspect, 2 to 3 cm distal to the wrist crease. Proximal & distal groups received a placebo. The primary outcome was difference in CTS Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) score at 1 month. Secondary outcome measures included the difference in SSS score at 3 months, Functional Status Scale (FSS) score at 1 and 3 months, and pain of injections.ResultsNo significant differences were noted between groups in scores on the SSS and FSS. Pain was lower in the proximal group compared with the distal group.DiscussionCorticosteroid injections for CTS distal to the wrist are not inferior to proximal injections, yet they are more painful.
Consensus statement on bladder training and bowel training
Authors: Booth Jo , Bliss Donna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThis consensus statement synthesizes evidence to guide healthcare professionals on promoting consistent, cohesive and achievable bladder training for people with overactive bladder/urgency urinary incontinence and bowel training for those with urgency fecal incontinence.MethodsThe Consensus Statement on Bladder and Bowel Training was developed by a sub‐group of the International Continence Society Nursing Committee and an expert panel, who formed a virtual Consultation Group. Review of published research, expert opinion articles, policy statements, and voluntary professional group information identified existing recommendations, from which statements were formulated and organized. A modified Delphi process was used to reach consensus on each statement, involving three rounds of virtual consultation. Consultation Group members indicated agreement/disagreement with each statement. Statements, or changes, were accepted when consensus was reached, defined as agreement by 80% of the Consultation Group.ResultsNo universal definition of bladder training or bowel training was found, therefore a consensus definition was developed and agreed for each. Limited high quality studies of bladder training were identified and no studies investigating the use or effectiveness of bowel training for urgency fecal incontinence in adults. Broad‐ranging evidence suggests both types of training should include four elements, personalized to individual need and situation: information and education; a prescribed voiding/evacuation regimen based on individually identified patterns of bladder or bowel functioning; progression of voiding/evacuation regimen; ongoing support and reinforcement.ConclusionsThese consensus statements will support healthcare practitioners to design and deliver consistent bladder and bowel training. Improved evidence on mechanisms and effectiveness is needed to inform practice.
TVT‐O for treatment of pure urodynamic stress urinary incontinence: Efficacy and adverse effects at 13‐years follow‐up
Authors: Serati Maurizio , Braga Andrea , Caccia Giorgio , Torella Marco , Ghezzi Fabio , Salvatore Stefano , Athanasiou Stavros 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of tension‐free vaginal tape‐obturator (TVT‐O) 13 years after implantation for the treatment of female pure stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This is the longest‐term evaluation available of TVT‐O outcomes.MethodsA multicenter, prospective study was conducted in five tertiary referral centers in three countries. All consecutive women with urodynamically proven pure SUI treated by TVT‐O were included. Data regarding subjective outcomes (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form, Patient Global Impression of Improvement, and patient satisfaction scores), objective cure (stress test) rates, and adverse events were collected during follow‐up. Univariable and multivariate analyses was performed to investigate outcomes.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐eight women had TVT‐O implantation. At 13 year after surgery, 150 of 157 patients (95%) declared themselves cured (P = .8). Similarly, at 10‐year evaluation, 148 of 160 patients (92%) were objectively cured. No significant deterioration of objective cure rates was observed over time (P = .1). The multivariate analysis showed that previous anti‐incontinence procedures and obesity independently predicted the subjective (odd ratio [OR]: 6.2 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8‐13.6]; P = .02 and OR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.3‐3.0]; P = .03, respectively) and objective failure of TVT‐O (OR, 5.8 [95% CI, 1.6‐13.2]; P = .02 and OR, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.2‐3.2]; P = .03, respectively). We found four cases of sling exposure; all of them occurred after the 10‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsThe 13‐year results of this study showed that TVT‐O is a highly effective and safe option for the treatment of SUI. We found that there is a significantly higher risk of having a sling exposure over 10 years after the procedure; however, the incidence is very low.
Tuning effective dynamical properties of periodic media by FFT‐accelerated topological optimization
Authors: Cornaggia Rémi , Bellis Cédric 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis works concerns the propagation of waves in periodic media, whose microstructure is optimized to obtain specific dynamical properties (typically, to maximize the dispersion in given directions). The present study, focusing on scalar waves in two dimensions, for example, antiplane shear waves, aims at setting a generic optimization framework. The proposed optimization procedure relies on a number of mathematical and numerical tools. First, the two‐scale asymptotic homogenization method is deployed up to second‐order to provide an effective dispersive model. Simple dispersion indicators and cost functionals are then considered on the basis of this model. Then, the minimization of these functionals is performed thanks to an algorithm that relies on the concept of topological derivative to iteratively perform phase changes in the unit cell characterizing the material. Finally, fast Fourier transform‐accelerated solvers are extensively used to solve the cell problems underlying the homogenized model. To illustrate the proposed approach, the resulting procedure is applied to the design of anisotropic media with maximal dispersion in specific directions, and to the reconstruction of unknown microstructures from effective phase velocity
data.
Nurses’ perceptions of medical procedures and nursing practices for older patients with non‐cancer long‐term illness and do‐not‐attempt‐resuscitation orders: A vignette study
Authors: Higuchi Asaka , Yoshii Azusa , Takita Morihito , Tsubokura Masaharu , Fukahori Hiroki , Igarashi Rika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo elucidate influence of a do‐not‐attempt‐resuscitation (DNAR) order on nurses’ perceptions of the medical procedures and nursing practices for non‐cancer older patients.DesignA vignette‐based questionnaire study.MethodsA questionnaire survey asking nurses their perceptions of clinical practices for the following three vignettes was performed in a community hospital in Japan (N = 120): the control vignettes with an older patient with repeated heart failure who was living alone and the other two with either an absence of relatives or a diagnosis of dementia. We also prepared additions to each vignette describing a DNAR order.ResultsNurses’ perception on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, blood tests and intravenous nutrition showed statistically significant and minimally important declines after the DNAR order compared with before for all three vignettes (p < .001). DNAR orders can influence nurses’ perceptions of clinical practices for non‐cancer older patients with chronic heart failure.
The use of a communication tool about diet at the child health centre: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Holmberg Fagerlund Bettina , Helseth Sølvi , Andersen Lene F. , Småstuen Milada C. , Glavin Kari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of a communication tool about diet used in public health nurse consultations with parents compared with standard consultations concerning the 2‐year‐old child's diet.DesignA cluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsTen municipalities were selected randomly and matched in pairs. In each pair, the control or intervention group was randomly allocated. Parents were recruited to participate from January 2015 to January 2017. In intervention clusters, a communication tool about diet was used to help the parents (N = 140) to focus on a healthy diet for their child. In the control clusters, parents (N = 110) attended standard consultations. The participants completed semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaires at baseline and end point.ResultsNo effect of the intervention was seen on the child's daily intake of vegetables or saturated fat, or body mass index. Significantly fewer parents desired more information about food for toddlers in the intervention than in the control group.
Weight Regain in Formerly Obese Mice Hastens Development of Hepatic Steatosis Due to Impaired Adipose Tissue Function
Authors: Zamarron Brian F. , Porsche Cara E. , Luan Danny , Lucas Hannah R. , Mergian Taleen A. , Martinez‐Santibanez Gabriel , Cho Kae Won , DelProposto Jennifer L. , Geletka Lynn M. , Muir Lindsey A. , Singer Kanakadurga , Lumeng Carey N. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveWeight regain after weight loss is common, and there is evidence to suggest negative effects on health because of weight cycling. This study sought to investigate the impact of weight regain in formerly obese mice on adipose tissue architecture and stromal cell function.MethodsA diet‐switch model was employed for obesity induction, weight loss, and weight regain in mice. Flow cytometry quantified adipose tissue leukocytes in adipose tissue. Liver and adipose tissue depots were compared to determine tissue‐specific effects of weight cycling.ResultsEpididymal white adipose tissue of formerly obese mice failed to expand in response to repeat exposure to high‐fat diet and retained elevated numbers of macrophages and T cells. Weight regain was associated with disproportionally elevated liver mass, hepatic triglyceride content, serum insulin concentration, and serum transaminase concentration. These effects occurred despite an extended 6‐month weight loss cycle and they demonstrate that formerly obese mice maintain durable alterations in their physiological response to weight regain. Conditioned media from epididymal adipose tissue of formerly obese mice inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes, suggesting a potential mechanism to explain failed epididymal adipose tissue expansion during weight regain.ConclusionsMetabolic abnormalities related to defects in adipose tissue expansion and ongoing dysfunction manifest in formerly obese mice during weight regain.
Integration of mass spectral fingerprinting analysis with precursor ion (MS1) quantification for the characterisation of botanical extracts: application to extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban
Authors: Alcazar Magana Armando , Wright Kirsten , Vaswani Ashish , Caruso Maya , Reed Ralph L. , Bailey Conner F. , Nguyen Thuan , Gray Nora E. , Soumyanath Amala , Quinn Joseph , Stevens Jan F. , Maier Claudia S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe phytochemical composition of plant material governs the bioactivity and potential health benefits as well as the outcomes and reproducibility of laboratory studies and clinical trials.ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to develop an efficient method for the in‐depth characterisation of plant extracts and quantification of marker compounds that can be potentially used for subsequent product integrity studies. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., an Ayurvedic herb with potential applications in enhancing mental health and cognitive function, was used as a case study.MethodsA quadrupole time‐of‐flight analyser in conjunction with an optimised high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation was used for in‐depth untargeted fingerprinting and post‐acquisition precursor ion quantification to determine levels of distinct phytochemicals in various C. asiatica extracts.ResultsWe demonstrate the utility of this workflow for the characterisation of extracts of C. asiatica. This integrated workflow allowed the identification or tentative identification of 117 compounds, chemically interconnected based on Tanimoto chemical similarity, and the accurate quantification of 24 phytochemicals commonly found in C. asiatica extracts.ConclusionWe report a phytochemical analysis method combining liquid chromatography, high resolution mass spectral data acquisition, and post‐acquisition interrogation that allows chemical fingerprints of botanicals to be obtained in conjunction with accurate quantification of distinct phytochemicals. The variability in the composition of specialised metabolites across different C. asiatica accessions was substantial, demonstrating that detailed characterisation of plant extracts is a prerequisite for reproducible use in laboratory studies, clinical trials and safe consumption. The methodological approach is generally applicable to other botanical products.
A Comparison of Functional Outcomes between Patients Admitted to Inpatient Rehabilitation after Initial Diagnosis Versus Recurrence of Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Reilly Julia M. , Gundersen Alexandra I. , Silver Julie K. , Tan Can Ozan , Knowlton Sasha E. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPrior studies of inpatient rehabilitation of patients with brain tumor demonstrate similar functional gains as compared to other rehabilitation populations. There are few studies specifically examining the rehabilitation of patients with glioblastoma.ObjectiveTo compare functional outcomes between matched patients admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation after initial diagnosis of glioblastoma (iGBM) and after diagnosis of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM).DesignA retrospective, case‐matched study using descriptive statistics compared demographic information and functional outcomes as designated by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score.SettingA single, freestanding inpatient rehabilitation hospital.PatientsOver a 20‐month period, 25 patients with iGBM were matched with 25 patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility with rGBM by the following criteria: (1) side of lesion (left/right hemisphere), (2) admission total FIM score within 10 points, (3) age within 10 years, and (4) gender. Nineteen of the 25 patients in each group were matched meeting all criteria, and 6 of the 25 patients were matched meeting three out of four criteria.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureThe primary outcome measures were differences in functional outcomes as measured by FIM scores.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences (P < .05) between the groups in mean admission FIM scores, discharge FIM scores, FIM gains, and FIM efficiencies. There were no statistically significant differences in the development of complications during acute rehabilitation and transfer rate to acute care hospital. Sixty‐four percent of patients in both groups were able to be discharged home.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated no statistically significant differences in functional outcomes between matched patients admitted with iGBM compared to rGBM. Further studies are indicated to examine the rehabilitation outcomes of patients with rGBM in inpatient rehabilitation.
Comparison of Physical Therapy and Physician Pathways for Employees with Recent Onset Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ojha Heidi A. , Fritz Julie M. , Malitsky Alyson L. , Wu Jingwei , Weiner Mark G. , Brandi Jason A. , Rhon Daniel I. , Mobo Ben H. P. , Fleming Kristin M. , Beidleman Rebecca R. , Wright W. Geoffrey 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLife expectancy of the U.S. population will continue to rise, increasing the workforce demands in the treatment of musculoskeletal pathologies. With a declining primary care physician workforce, physical therapists (PT) may be in a unique situation to help absorb this demand.ObjectiveOur primary objective was to compare physical function between two primary care groups, a “physical therapy‐led pathway” versus “physician‐led pathway” in the management of recent‐onset musculoskeletal pain at 1‐month follow‐up. Our secondary objectives were to compare other patient‐important outcomes between the groups at 1 month and health utilization at 1 month and 1 year.MethodsA pragmatic randomized controlled trial with a 1‐year follow‐up was conducted, enrolling 150 university employees with recent onset musculoskeletal pain. Participants were randomized at first contact to either a PT‐led pathway or physician‐led pathway. The primary outcome was change in Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) ShortForm v1‐Physical Function 10a at 1 month; groups were compared with repeated measurement of analysis of variance and chi‐square for both primary and secondary outcomes, except for satisfaction score at 1 month, which was cross‐sectionally compared by independent two‐sample t‐test. At 1 year, healthcare utilization was assessed through medical record extraction, and healthcare utilization was converted to total episodic standard cost. Utilization was compared between groups using chi‐square and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.ResultsBoth groups demonstrated improvement at 1‐month follow‐up but showed no significant between‐group difference in mean PROMIS scores at 1 month (PT‐led pathway vs physician‐led pathway, 2.04, [95% CI ‐0.28 to 4.36]; P = .082). At 1 year, there was no difference in healthcare utilization or cost between groups. No harm or misdiagnosis was found, filed, or reported by participants at 1 year.ConclusionThis study shows equivalence in outcomes for two low‐cost musculoskeletal care pathways with no risk of harm. These results reinforce other findings in the literature that support PTs as safe and effective initial providers for individuals with musculoskeletal disorders.
Patients' perceived barriers to discussing sexual health with breast cancer healthcare providers
Authors: Zimmaro Lauren A. , Lepore Stephen J. , Beach Mary Catherine , Reese Jennifer B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe characterized barriers reported by women with breast cancer (BC) regarding clinical discussions of sexual health, clustered women by their endorsement of these barriers, and compared these groups.MethodsBC outpatients (N = 144; M age = 56, 67% White) in a sexual health communication intervention study provided baseline data. Exploratory factor analysis characterized sexual health communication barriers on a standardized measure. Hierarchical cluster analysis detected patient groups with similar response patterns on these factors. ANOVAs, Chi‐Square and Fisher's Exact tests compared groups on socio‐demographic/medical factors, sexual health communication self‐efficacy and outcome expectancies, general clinical self‐efficacy, sexual concerns, emotional distress, and discussion about sexual health with an oncology provider.ResultsTwo factors emerged: patients' own beliefs about or perceived inability to discuss sexual health (self‐centered barriers), and patients' perceptions of providers' reactions to discussing sexual health (provider‐centered barriers); self‐centered barriers were endorsed more than provider‐centered (P < .001). Three clusters emerged: women who endorsed (a) high self‐centered and high provider‐centered (n = 19; 13%), (b) high self‐centered and low provider‐centered (n = 95; 66%), and (c) low self‐centered and low provider‐centered (n = 30; 21%). Women endorsing more barriers reported lower sexual communication self‐efficacy, outcome expectancies, and general clinical self‐efficacy (P's ≤ .001); no differences in sexual concerns, emotional distress, or discussing sexual health were found.ConclusionsWomen more strongly endorsed self‐centered barriers than provider‐centered. When grouped according to these barriers, women differed in their confidence and expectations for sexual health communication, regardless of degree of sexual or emotional distress. Interventions are needed to improve both patients' and providers' skills for discussing sexual health.