bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sanitation Dilemmas and Africa’s Urban Futures: Foregrounding Environmental Public Health in Contemporary Urban Planning
Authors: Manteaw Bob O. 
Published: September 2020

Africa is rising, so goes the current narrative on Africa’s growth and development prospects. While most of these narratives are in direct reference to economic indicators and existing potentials for Africa’s sustainable development, there is no doubt that the rapidly urbanizing landscapes of Africa, characterized by sprawling cities, high-rise buildings, and flashy city lights represent an urban revolution in most of Africa’s cities. Beneath the glow of flashy city lights lies a dark and gloomy contrast: inner city slums, sanitation dilemmas and environmental public health challenges which converge to pose significant challenges to Africa’s broader sustainable development aspirations. This paper foregrounds urban sanitation challenges and public health imperatives from a contemporary urban planning perspective. The paper argues that urban planning and public health have shared a close historical relationship both in thinking and practice; however, recent developments in urbanization processes have seen the two professions drift apart. The paper further asserts that human habitat considerations from the perspective of urban planning in Ghana, in particular, treat issues of sanitation management and public health and safety issues as after-thoughts and are excluded in initial planning processes. While the paper acknowledges the influence of increased population growth and the reality of climate change in current urbanization processes, the paper advocates for new approaches that make cities and other urbanizing communities resilient.
Sustainable Civil Justice through Open Enforcement: The Ukrainian Experience
Authors: Izarova Iryna 
Published: September 2020

Ukraine, which is a member of the Council of Europe and is firmly on the path to European integration, develops legislation and legal doctrine with the aim of the implementing European standards. The Association Agreement signed in 2014 set out to put into effect, in particular, the approximation of legislation, the strengthening of judicial cooperation etc. The comprehensive reforms taking place cover various areas of legal regulation, specifically, legal proceedings and the enforcement of judgments. This new legislation in the field of the judicial system was approved in Ukraine in 2015-2017. The low level of trust in the judiciary, inside as well as outside of Ukraine, causes economical relations to suffer increasingly. It impacts inter alia the circulation of judicial decisions between EU Member States and Ukraine, which is not unencumbered by this and may be described as uncertain at best. Regarding all of these, the first part of this paper is about the goal of civil justice definition and defining the enforcement part throughout the process of judicial rights protection in Ukraine. In the second part we are investigating the transitional issues of the creation of an open enforcement system in Ukraine, the challenges and ways to resolve them within the most current trends of sustainable development and inclusive justice. In the conclusion, some theoretical approaches are criticized due to the lack of attention to the very ideas of sustainable justice and a peaceful and strong institutions promotion, which elude the attention of the legislators. The way of its fruition of an open and peaceful judicial enforcement creation through proper goal definition were proposed.
Akurasi dalam Mengidentifikasi Talenta Siswa Lanjutan Menggunakan Metode Multifactor Evaluation Process (MFEP)
Authors: Hidayatullah Riski Randa , Sumijan S , Yunus Yuhandri 
Published: September 2020

Talenta adalah kemampuan alamiah untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan keterampilan, baik yang bersifat umum maupun yang bersifat khusus. Pada dasarnya masing-masing individu mempunyai talenta yang berbeda-beda. terlebih lagi didukung dengan talenta yang sesuai, akan membawa gairah dan memberi kenikmatan dalam mempelajari atau menjalaninya. Memberikan gambaran kepada siswa tingkat atas siapa diri mereka melalui talenta dan minat sehingga peluang kerja apa yang bisa mereka rintis setelah lulus sekolah nanti.Data dalam penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif berkaitan dengan fokus penelitian yakni proses mengidentifikasi talenta peserta didik di Ruang Pendidik SMAN 1 Linggo Sari Baganti. Sedikitnya ada sembilan kecerdasan atau talenta yang mungkin dimiliki seseorang, yakni logical mathematical, linguistic/verbal, visual spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, natural, dan moral/ spiritual. Sumber data dalam penelitian didapat dari data primer yakni data diperoleh langsung dari sumber data yakni orang-orang yang terlibat dalam proses identifikasi talenta di Ruang Pendidik SMAN 1 Linggo Sari Baganti. Selain itu sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa sumber sekunder misalnya berupa dokumen yang terkait dalam implementasi kurikulum. Selanjutnya data diolah menggukan Metode Multifactor Evaluaton Process (MFEP). MFEP adalah metode kuantitatif yang menggunakan ‘weighting system’ dan Penelitian ini menggunakan bahasa program VB.NET 2017 dan MySQL. Tahapan pengolahannya adalah Menentukan kriteria, perhitungan dan proses sehingga menghasilkan keputusan, Hasil penjumlahan di atas, terdapat 10 orang siswa yang datanya diolah dan menghasilkan jumlah perhitungan atau keakurasian sebesar 86,51%. Sehingga penelitian ini dapat menjadi rujukan dalam mengambil keputuasan yang tepat pada Sekolah SMAN 1 Linggo Sari Baganti.
Pengaruh Personal Selling, dan Slogan Iklan Terhadap Brand Awareness Produk Yakult
Authors: Efendi Rahayu , Mashadi Mashadi 
Published: September 2020

Yakult is the first probiotic drink in Indonesia since 1991. Until now, Yakult is still the number one pioneer of fermented milk drinks in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Personal Selling on Brand Awareness, determine the effect of Advertising Slogans on Brand Awareness, and to determine the effect of Personal Selling and Advertising Slogans on Brand Awareness together. This research was conducted with a quantitative descriptive approach with a random sampling method. The number of respondents in the study were 100 respondents who will be analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The statistical method used is multiple linear regression by testing the classical assumptions, correlation coefficients and coefficient of determination, and conducting hypothesis testing (f test and t test). The results showed that Personal Selling did not affect Brand Awareness positively and significantly, while Advertising Slogans affected Brand Awareness positively and significantly. Meanwhile, together with Personal Selling and Advertising Slogans, it affects Brand Awareness. If the personal selling and advertising of a company is getting better, then the potential Brand Awareness of the public towards the company will also increase, conversely if consumers do not have an interest in personal selling or advertising carried out by the company, the potential Brand Awareness owned by consumers will also be low .

Keywords: Brand Awareness, Personal Selling, Ad Slogans
URGENSI MATERI PEMBELAJARAN AKHLAK K.H. HASYIM ASY’ARI DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21
Authors: Khalim Ahmad Dwi Nur 
Published: September 2020

21st century learning discourse is getting bigger in the current global world. All countries are competing to prepare the best possible human resources. It's just that if not accompanied by morals will backfire for the country. This study aims to look at the urgency of the moral learning material of ideas from K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari in welcoming 21st century learning. This research is library research. The data source is obtained from the book of adab al-‘alim wa al-muta’alim. Methods of data analysis using descriptive methods, the data obtained by documentation techniques. Then the descriptive data are analyzed deeper using content analysis. The results showed that in the book of adab al-‘alim wa al-muta’alim by K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari has education significance, ethics that students must possess (ethics in learning, ethics towards teachers, ethics towards subjects, ethics that must be possessed by teachers (teacher ethics, teacher ethics in teaching, teacher ethics to students, ethics towards books and learning media). While the urgency is clearly seen that the moral teaching material of K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari to directs close to Allah. hen with the moral teaching material K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari can equip characters in multiple dimension. And with these materials students can have a foundation of integrity in life.
A Preliminary Up-To-Date Review on Pakistani Medicinal Plants with Potential Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Hussain Adil 
Published: September 2020

Background: There exist natural antioxidants in plants that scavenge harmful free radicals from the body. Free radicals are species of chemical origin with an unpaired electron and play a pivotal role in combating against health-related problems like lung damage, inflammation, and cardiovascular ailments etc. Antioxidants halt the development of these free radicals called the reactive oxygen species either by chelating the trace elements or by enzymes inhibition.
Objectives: The aim of this present review was to collect information about Pakistani medicinally important plants with the exploration of their antioxidant potential.
Methodology: A total of 206 papers were looked over, which were obtained from numerous sources like; Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science.
Results: Overall, 95 plants representing 44 families with potential antioxidant activity reported from Pakistan have been presented in this review. Maximum number of species from Asteracea, Poaceae and Rutaceae families were scrutinized for their potential antioxidant activity from Pakistan.
Conclusion: The present review clearly authenticates that the presence of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants from Pakistan vary with the species of the plants and material/extracts used. From this review, it is recommended to perform comprehensive experimental investigations based on toxicology and ethnopharmacology on these precious plants from Pakistan. It will be advantageous in the provision of trustworthy information to patients and determine further innovative compounds for safer and new drugs development with fewer side effects.
The MAVERIC Survey: Chandra/ACIS Catalog of Faint X-Ray Sources in 38 Galactic Globular Clusters
Authors: Bahramian Arash , Strader Jay , Miller-Jones James C. A. , Chomiuk Laura , Heinke Craig O. , Maccarone Thomas J. , Pooley David , Shishkovsky Laura , Tudor Vlad , Zhao Yue , Li Kwan Lok , Sivakoff Gregory R. , Tremou Evangelia , Buchner Johannes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Globular clusters host a variety of lower-luminosity (L
X < 1035 erg s−1) X-ray sources, including accreting neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs), millisecond pulsars (MSPs), cataclysmic variables, and chromospherically active binaries. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive catalog of more than 1100 X-ray sources in 38 Galactic globular clusters (GCs) observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory’s Chandra/ACIS detector. The targets are selected to complement the MAVERIC survey’s deep radio continuum maps of Galactic GCs. We perform photometry and spectral analysis for each source, determine a best-fit model, and assess the possibility of it being a foreground or background source based on its spectral properties and location in the cluster. We also provide basic assessments of variability. We discuss the distribution of X-ray binaries in GCs and their X-ray luminosity function, and we carefully analyze systems with L
X > 1033 erg s−1. Among these moderately bright systems, we discover a new source in NGC 6539 that may be a candidate accreting stellar-mass BH or a transitional MSP. We show that quiescent NS low-mass X-ray binaries in GCs may spend ∼2% of their lifetimes as transitional MSPs in their active (L
X > 1033 erg s−1) state. Finally, we identify a substantial underabundance of bright (L
X > 1033 erg s−1) intermediate polars in GCs compared to the Galactic field, in contrast with the literature of the past two decades.
Star-forming versus Quiescent Regions in the Galaxy: A Case Study of ISM Properties Based on 18 cm OH and 12CO (1–0) Observations
Authors: Engelke Philip D. , Allen Ronald J. , Busch Michael P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We infer the density of hydrogen nuclei and optical depths associated with molecular gas in front of a star-forming region and in a quiescent region of the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) using 18 cm OH and archival 3 mm 12CO observations, together with a diffuse cloud model from the literature. The results indicate that the volume densities of hydrogen nuclei are greatest near the star-forming region, intermediate in the CO-bright portions of the quiescent region, and lowest in the CO-dark portions of the quiescent region. Low volume density and low column density appear to be correlated with the presence of CO-dark molecular gas, which is primarily located in the vast space outside of star-forming regions. Molecular gas containing CO may exist in similar quantities both outside of and in the vicinity of star-forming regions; however, the CO emission radiates more efficiently in regions where the ISM is locally compressed, leading to the observational phenomenon of CO-dark and CO-bright molecular gas. We suggest that processes occurring as a natural consequence of star formation such as shock waves and stellar winds lead to compression of the gas into smaller pockets of higher volume density, and such “clumpy” structures will naturally emit more efficiently in CO owing to higher rates of collisional excitation. In this picture, the apparent prominence of CO emission in and near star-forming regions is itself a by-product of the star formation process.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Visual Outcomes in Childhood Glaucoma
Authors: Tansuebchueasai Natchada , Kiddee Weerawat , Wangsupadilok Boonchai 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To determine the prognostic factors for poor visual outcomes in childhood glaucoma.

Methods:
The medical records of patients with childhood glaucoma diagnosed at age 4 years or younger who were treated surgically from 2002 to 2019 at Songklanagarind Hospital, Hatyai, Thailand, were retrospectively reviewed. Glaucoma subtypes, clinical characteristics, final visual acuity, and etiology of visual impairment were recorded. The generalized estimating equation for logistic regression analysis was used to determine prognostic factors for final visual acuity of worse than 20/200.

Results:
Forty-five eyes of 31 patients were included (33.3% had primary glaucoma and 66.7% had secondary glaucoma). At the final visit (mean: 6.8 years), 20.5% had good visual acuity (20/50 or better), 15.9% had fair visual acuity (worse than 20/50 to 20/200), and 63.6% had poor visual acuity (worse than 20/200). The major cause of visual impairment (worse than 20/50) was deprivation amblyopia. Prognostic factors for poor final visual acuity (worse than 20/200) were secondary glaucoma, age at diagnosis of younger than 3 months, and interval to surgery of more than 3 months. Eyes with a final visual acuity of better than 20/200 had higher mean intraocular pressure preoperatively that tended to increase postoperatively and every visit afterward compared to the other group.

Conclusions:
Two-thirds of eyes with childhood glaucoma ended up with poor final vision. Early surgery to control intraocular pressure, along with amblyopia treatment, should be considered to prevent poor visual outcome. The prognostic factors for poor visual outcome can contribute to parental advice and planning of patient care.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(5):283–291.]
Development of Screening Criteria for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Using a Web-based Data Management System
Authors: Olson Shelbi L. , Chuluunbat Tsengelmaa , Cole Emily D. , Jonas Karyn E. , Bayalag Munkhuu , Chuluunkhuu Chimgee , Valikodath Nita G. , Cherwek D. Hunter , Congdon Nathan , MacKeen Leslie D. , Hallak Joelle , Yap Vivien , Ostmo Susan , Wu Wei Chi , Campbell J. Peter , Chiang Michael F. , Chan R. V. Paul 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To describe a process for identifying birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) screening guidelines in Mongolia.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital in Ulaanbataar, Mongolia, of 193 premature infants with GA of 36 weeks or younger and/or BW of 2,000 g or less) with regression analysis to determine associations between BW and GA and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Results:

As BW and GA decreased, the relative risk of developing ROP increased. The relative risk of developing any stage of ROP in infants born at 29 weeks or younger was 2.91 (95% CI: 1.55 to 5.44;
P
< .001] compared to older infants. The relative risk of developing any type of ROP in infants with BW of less than 1,200 g was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.35 to 4.29;
P
= .003] and developing type 2 or worse ROP was 2.05 (95% CI: 0.99 to 4.25;
P
= .05).

Conclusions:
Infants in Mongolia with heavier BW and older GA who fall outside of current United States screening guidelines of GA of 30 weeks or younger and/or BW of 1,500 g or less developed clinically relevant ROP.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(5):333–339.]
Immediate Sequential Bilateral Vitreoretinal Surgery: Descriptive Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Rubowitz Alexander H. , Rosenblatt Hadar Naidorf 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Bilateral vision-threatening disease necessitating urgent surgery in both eyes is challenging in vitreoretinal disorders, where surgeries are often longer and higher risk than in other ocular disorders. The authors present a case series of patients undergoing immediate sequential bilateral vitreoretinal surgery (ISBVS) on the same day.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective case series and literature review. Main outcome measures were surgical indications, systemic diseases, presenting and final visual acuity, and adverse events or complications during or after surgery.

RESULTS:
During the time period searched, 14 patients underwent ISBVS, without significant adverse events, infections, or complications. Illustrative cases are presented.

CONCLUSION:
The authors recommend considering ISBVS under certain conditions, such as in patients who are unable to undergo local anesthesia surgery, and in those who definitely require urgent or semi-urgent bilateral vitreoretinal surgery requiring a second general anesthesia in the near future if performed separately, especially in cases where the anesthesia is considered high risk.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:494–498.]
Surgical Outcomes of Primary RRD With and Without Concurrent Full-Thickness Macular Hole (PRO Study Report No. 7)
Authors: Starr Matthew R. , Obeid Anthony , Ryan Edwin H. , Gao Xinxiao , Matsunaga Doug , Madhava Malika L. , Maloney Sean M. , Adika Adam Z. , Peddada Krishi V. , Sioufi Kareem , Ammar Michael , Patel Luv G. , Ryan Claire , Forbes Nora J. , Capone Antonio , Emerson Geoffrey G. , Joseph Daniel P. , Eliott Dean , Regillo Carl D. , Hsu Jason , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Gupta Omesh P. ,   for the Primary Retinal Detachment Outcomes (PRO) Study Group
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Non-causal macular holes (MHs) can occur concurrently with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs). The visual outcomes and surgical approach for these eyes are variable.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This was a multi-institutional, retrospective review of all primary retinal detachment surgeries from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2015. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative metrics were recorded.

RESULTS:

There were 2,242 eyes that had pars plana vitrectomy for primary RRD, 43 (1.9%) of which had a MH at the time of surgery. The mean postoperative logMAR visual acuity (VA) for the MH cohort was 0.87 ± 0.64 (20/148) and for eyes without a MH was 0.47 ± 0.63 (20/59;
P
< .0001). The single-surgery re-attachment rate for the MH cohort and no MH cohort was 86.1% and 84.9%, respectively (
P
= 1.0000).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with noncausal MHs and RRD had significantly worse VA than patients without a MH. Preoperative counseling is imperative in patients with both RRD and MH.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:500–505.]
EFFECT OF POLYMER/CEMENT RATIO AND CURING REGIME ON POLYMER MODIFIED MORTAR PROPERTIES
Authors: Hatungimana Daniel , Yazıcı Şemsi , Mardani-Aghabaglou Ali 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Cement is the most consumed building material in the world. However, cement manufacture is responsible for 5–7% of the world CO2 emissions. In this paper, cement was partially replaced by styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) polymeric latex in order to reduce cement consumption. Besides, effects of SBR addition on the strength and physical properties of plain mortar exposed to three different curing regimes are presented. Three different curing regimes were applied to the 40 × 40 × 160 mm prismatic mortar specimens: (I): Specimens were cured in water until the test age (CW), (II): after demoulding, specimens were immersed in water for 2 days and kept in ambient temperature until the time of the test (2DWA) and (III) involved 2 days of water curing followed by 1 day in an oven at 50°C and subsequentely placing in ambient temperature until the test time (2W1OA). Results showed that combining 2 days of water curing followed by ambient temperature curing (2DWA) along with 3% SBR polymer content showed good performance in terms of compressive strength, water absorption and void content. Moreover, a good performance in terms of flexural strength was observed by combining 2W1OA curing regime with 2% SBR content. However, the detrimental effect of water curing regime (CW) in terms of compressive and flexural strength was also observed with the increase of SBR ratio.
CITIES, ENERGY AND CLIMATE: SEVEN REASONS TO QUESTION THE DENSE HIGH-RISE CITY
Authors: Butters Chris , Cheshmehzangi Ali , Sassi Paola 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Dense high-rise cities offer some advantages in terms of sustainability but have considerable downsides. Low-dense and medium-rise typologies have been shown to offer good social qualities; their potential energy and carbon advantages have received less attention. As the energy consumption, emissions of cities and heat island effects increase; we question whether dense, high-rise cities offer optimal sustainability. We discuss seven areas where medium density and lower rise typologies offer advantages in terms of energy and climate including: land use/density; microclimate/green space; energy supply; transports; operational energy/carbon; embodied energy/carbon; and resilience.
The aim is to discuss the cumulative importance of these areas in the context of sustainable energy use and climate emissions. These areas are subject to ongoing research and are only discussed briefly, since the overarching synthesis perspective for urban planning is our focus. The picture that emerges when these points are seen together, suggests that medium density and lower rise options—like traditional European typologies—may offer, in addition to social qualities, very significant advantages in terms of energy, carbon and climate emissions.