bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the removal of high contents of ammonium from piggery wastewater by clinoptilolite and the corresponding mechanisms
Authors: Nan Liu , Yingying Li , Jixiang Li , Dujuan Ouyang , Wenjuan Wang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, a clinoptilolite was applied to remove ammonium from piggery wastewater. The performance of ammonium removal and the correspondingly mechanisms were discussed. Under the optimal conditions of clinoptilolite dosage of 12 g/L, solution pH value of 8.3, shaking speed of 280 rpm and contact time of 55 min obtained by using response surface methodology (RSM), 19.7 mg of ammonium can be adsorbed onto 1 g of clinoptilolite, which was declined when metal cations were presented in the piggery wastewater. The ammonium adsorption process by the clinoptilolite can be well fitted by Langmuir isotherm with a spontaneous nature and pseudo–second–order kinetics model. Furthermore, column study showed that to some extent, the increased flow rate was beneficial to the removal of ammonium, and the ammonium adsorption capacity of clinoptilolite in column study was much higher than those in batch study.
Anti-c-myc efficacy block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Lan Xiaolei , Liu Qian , Gao Hua , Li Zhenye , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResistance to Dopamine agonists therapy is still a key factor that hinders the clinical treatment of prolactinoma. Consequently, a large number of investigations have been carried out to identify novel therapeutic targets. Our previous studies have suggested that the epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas via EGFR/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. In the present research, we found a positive staining of c-myc intimately associated with high-level EGFL7 in invasive prolactinoma compared to non-invasive prolactinoma and the normal pituitary gland. Meanwhile, PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling cascades closely related to the activation of c-myc. Therefore, this research was conducted to explore the cooperation effect of c-myc and EGFL7 in prolactinoma. The inhibition of c-myc with anti-c-myc antibodies significantly reduced the proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion of rat prolactinoma MMQ cells. Notably, down regulation c-Myc by in vitro administration of anti-c-Myc antibodies could significantly depress EGFL7 induced MMQ cell proliferation, PRL secretion and invasion. An anti-c-Myc antibody could block EGFL7 induced Akt activation, but the expression of p-ERK was not altered by an anti-c-Myc antibody. Thus, our results suggest that anti-c-myc efficacy could block EGFL7 induced prolactinoma tumorigenesis via inhibited Akt activation in MMQ cells.
Topological invariants for the line graphs of some classes of graphs
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Habib Mustafa , Zia Tariq Javeed , Naseem Asim , Hanif Anila , Ye Ansheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGraph theory plays important roles in the fields of electronic and electrical engineering. For example, it is critical in signal processing, networking, communication theory, and many other important topics. A topological index (TI) is a real number attached to graph networks and correlates the chemical networks with physical and chemical properties, as well as with chemical reactivity. In this paper, our aim is to compute degree-dependent TIs for the line graph of the Wheel and Ladder graphs. To perform these computations, we first computed M-polynomials and then from the M-polynomials we recovered nine degree-dependent TIs for the line graph of the Wheel and Ladder graphs.
Topological Descriptor of 2-Dimensional Silicon Carbons and Their Applications
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Ahmad Sarfraz , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Naeem Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Chemical graph theory is extensively used in finding the atomic supplementary properties of different chemical stuructures. Many results of graph theory are commonly used in molecular structures and in general in Chemisty. In a molcular graph vertices are atoms while chemical bonds are given by edges. This article is about computing the exact values for some degree based toplogical descriptors of two molecular structures. Namely we work on the silicon-carbon Si2C3- III and SiC3-III for dimension two. We also discuss some applications of these results towards Chemistry.
Words for maximal Subgroups of Fi24‘
Authors: Yasin Faisal , Farooq Adeel , Jung Chahn Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGroup Theory is the mathematical application of symmetry to an object to obtain knowledge of its physical properties. The symmetry of a molecule provides us with the various information, such as - orbitals energy levels, orbitals symmetries, type of transitions than can occur between energy levels, even bond order, all that without rigorous calculations. The fact that so many important physical aspects can be derived from symmetry is a very profound statement and this is what makes group theory so powerful. In group theory, a finite group is a mathematical group with a finite number of elements. A group is a set of elements together with an operation which associates, to each ordered pair of elements, an element of the set. In the case of a finite group, the set is finite. The Fischer groups Fi22, Fi23 and Fi24‘ are introduced by Bernd Fischer and there are 25 maximal subgroups of Fi24‘. It is an open problem to find the generators of maximal subgroups of Fi24‘. In this paper we provide the generators of 10 maximal subgroups of Fi24‘.
Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nanocrystalline Nickel Composite Electroforming Deposit
Authors: Qian Wanghuan , Yu Zhangyong , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to obtain higher strength fiber reinforced composite electroforming deposit, carbon fiber reinforced nanocrystalline nickel composite electroforming deposit was prepared by electrodepositing with pulse current and a flexible wheel was applied to rub and extrude the electroforming deposit. Results shown that when the grains of the carbon fiber reinforced nickel composite electroforming deposit were refined from micron to 80nm at room temperature, the microhardness increased from 230Hv to 740Hv, and the tensile strength increased from 1025MPa to 1472MPa. With the further refinement of the grains of the electroforming deposit, the tensile strength decreased significantly due to the decrease of the bonding strength between the carbon fiber and the nickel matrix, while the microhardness still increased to 758Hv. At 200°C, the carbon fiber reinforced nanocrystalline nickel composite electroforming deposit still showed high strength. When the temperature rose to 400°C, the influence of nanocrystalline on the tensile strength of the carbon fiber reinforced nickel composite electroforming deposit was no longer significant, due to the rapid growth of crystal grains and the precipitation of interfacial brittle substances.
Differing Teaching Formats: Pre-Service Teachers’ Professional Competency Development in Linguistically Responsive Teaching
Authors: Hammer Svenja , Berkel-Otto Lisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTeaching multilingual learners in content classrooms is still a challenge for most teachers due to the fact that teacher education is still lacking consistent concepts in this area. Hence, opportunities to learn in teacher education programs need to be examined with regard to content, structure and format. This study deals with the question whether the competencies needed to teach multilingual learners are actually learnable through opportunities to learn in university classes. Three different class formats were examined: 100% online via an e-learning platform, 100% face-to-face, and a blended learning version (50% online, 50% face-to-face). The learning outcome was measured in a pre-post-design on the basis of the level of competency concerning teaching multilingual learners (DaZKom).First results indicate that the competencies to teach multilingual learners increase through the opportunities to learn we offered. Furthermore, the study shows that all three class formats resulted in an increase in competency. The study reaches the conclusion that further opportunities to learn are needed for teachers to be adequately prepared to facilitate multilingual learners in content classrooms.
The New EU Rules on Insurance Customer/Policyholder Protection Viewed against the NAIC Model Acts
Authors: Martinez Leo Paul , Marano Pierpaolo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Effective October 1, 2018, the Member States of the European Union had to bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of January 20, 2016 on insurance distribution (IDD). The IDD arose out of a desire to give insurance customers equal protection regardless of the type of distributor from which they obtained insurance. Essentially, the IDD seeks to level the playing field of protections for insurance customers by simplifying, consolidating, and expanding customer protections when needed. The IDD has the stated goal of focusing on “the area of the disclosure of information” to customers. The directive is intentionally broad and applies “to persons whose activity consists of providing insurance or reinsurance distribution services to third parties.”
Although it is much too early to predict the course of the IDD within the European Union, a comparison can be drawn with the Model Acts promulgated by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) in the United States to glean an inkling as to where the IDD might be headed. Parts of the Model Acts have been in place for a number of years and, while the legal regimes they cover are modestly different, there are nonetheless broad lessons that can be drawn in the comparison of the two. Whether the path of the IDD follows the arc of the Model Acts, or not, will perhaps be attributed to three instrumental aspects:

1.
The IDD is unquestionably focused on customer protection. The NAIC is more nearly concerned with uniformity. It may be that the IDD’s focus will contribute to better traction among the EU Member States then Model Acts have experienced in the United States.

2.
Unlike the IDD, the NAIC Model Acts are not comprehensive with respect to customer protection.

3.
The NAIC Model Acts have seen inconsistent adoption by the states, a factor that has contributed to a lack of uniformity and constancy across any number of insurance products. While the IDD should not suffer from spotty adoption, the relative flexibility of the EU Member States in adopting more stringent rules may lead to a lack of uniformity and consistency similar to that of the Model Acts. Thus, the IDD may very well face the same headwinds faced by the Model Acts in the United States.

Accurate predictions are always elusive when dealing with the implementation of regulation and legislation. Accordingly, we will watch with curiosity whether the IDD, which takes a much more global approach in customer protection, will see more success.
Green synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles using Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance extract and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Chartarrayawadee Widsanusan , Charoensin Phattaraporn , Saenma Juthaporn , Rin Thearum , Khamai Phichaya , Nasomjai Pitak , On Too Chee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Lysimachia foenumgraecum Hance extract (LHE) was used for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis. In this study, the herbal plant of Lysimachia foenumgraecum Hance (LH) was extracted with deionized water and we are the first to successfully use LHE as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The concentration of LHE used in this study was in the range of 0.003 to 1.0 wt%. Aqueous colloidal solutions of AgNPs reduced and stabilized by LHE show long-term stability due to the steric stabilization effect. This can be confirmed by zeta potential measurements which afforded values approximately of 0 mV, indicating the steric stability of AgNPs colloidal solutions synthesized by LHE. Furthermore, the obtained AgNPs colloidal solutions show superior antibacterial effect to gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) comparing to Chloramphenicol (positive control). AgNPs with LHE 0.003 wt% affords the highest antibacterial effect to S. aureus showing an inhibition zone diameter of 19.08 ± 0.67 mm; which is superior to Chloramphenicol.
Persuasion strategies in media discourse about Russia: Linguistic ambiguity and uncertainty
Authors: Larina Tatiana , Ozyumenko Vladimir , Ponton Douglas Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper explores the role of the media in influencing public opinion from an inferential-pragmatic perspective. It presents preliminary results of the study focused on representation of Russia in Western newspapers. Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1995,2001; van Dijk 2009) and media linguistics (Fowler 1991, Richardson 2007, among others) the study centres around the linguistic means of construing ambiguity/uncertainty, viewed as a strategy of persuasion. We mostly focus on the semantics of certain groups of words and other textual features such as indefinite pronouns, epistemic modality, passive voice, present perfect tense, interrogative headlines and some other tools used in media texts to construe ambiguity which, in its turn, arguably aims at influencing public opinion. We also look at presupposition, information structure, evaluation and transitivity. Though we have limited our study to the English language sources (The Guardian, The Telegraph, The Independent, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, the Chicago Tribune, news websites of the BBC, Reuters, Express, Politico and Fox News, among others), we are not suggesting that linguistic ambiguity is a feature of Western, rather than Russian, or other languages' media.
"This lesson" vs. "Our lesson": Pragmalinguistic strategies towards learners' engagement in vulnerable elementary classrooms in Santiago de Chile
Authors: de Sousa Alcina Pereira , Ivanova Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper is a research study of an interdisciplinary and exploratory kind drawing on a case study undertaken in elementary classrooms in socio-economically disadvantaged areas of Santiago de Chile. Having combined Linguistics for Education Studies and Corpus Linguistics approaches, the analysis of pragmalinguistic choices (i.e. personal pronouns, other lexical choices marking in-group relations) used in the introductory parts in a corpus of 50 lessons recorded in an elementary school setting there comes to be a key strategy for teachers' and learners' involvement in classroom interaction The pragmalinguistic strategies evidenced in teachers' and learners' output have come to confirm the role of communicative strategies to promote participants' engagement in the teaching/learning process. In other words, teachers create an in-group relation, a solid sense of belonging and empathy among the participants in the teaching-learning context from the opening communicative stances in use to overcome less advantaged home and community cultural settings. The research findings also point to further studies to devise pedagogic tools addressing the specific contexts under scrutiny. Thus, a Teacher-Learner rapport is conveyed primarily through teachers' language choice, which is seen as the main force for learners' engagement in disadvantaged settings.
“Germany in ruins”. Framing new political movements in Germany in the Polish opinion-forming press
Authors: Franczak Karol 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the main goals of contemporary media, along with the experts and professionals, who speak in them, has been to explain complex issues and provide the audience with clear descriptions of social reality. This is mostly achieved by the production of ideologically useful interpretative schemes that facilitate understanding of the issues present on the media agenda. An important strategy of shaping the public opinion in the way in which public affairs and the activity of social life participants is framed. Analyses of such practices have been conducted for over thirty years within various research approaches collectively referred to as framing analysis. This research provides several arguments helping one to develop a more critical perspective on the representations of social phenomena dominant in the media and discourses of symbolic elites (e.g. opinion writers, academics, experts, journalists, politicians), along with the analyses of the origin of such phenomena, moral judgements and preferred "corrective policies". One of the phenomena defined by the media in Europe as the most important one for the past several years, is the so-called "New Right". The aim of the paper is to analyse the interpretative schemes used by the journalists of four Polish opinion-forming weeklies and to describe the activity of its German manifestation – the Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamisation of the Occident (Pegida) social movement and the Alternative for Germany party (AfD).
CHL1 and NrCAM are primarily expressed in low grade pediatric neuroblastoma
Authors: Wachowiak Robin , Mayer Steffi , Suttkus Anne , Martynov Illya , Lacher Martin , Melling Nathaniel , Izbicki Jakob R. , Tachezy Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Neural cell adhesion molecules like close homolog of L1 protein (CHL1) and neuronal glia related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) play an important role in development and regeneration of the central nervous system. However, they are also associated with cancerogenesis and progression in adult malignancies, thus gain increasing importance in cancer research. We therefore studied the expression of CHL1 and NrCAM according to the course of disease in children with neuroblastoma.

Methods
CHL1 and NrCAM expression levels were histologically assessed by tissue microarrays from surgically resected neuroblastoma specimens of 56 children. Expression of both markers was correlated to demographics as well as clinical data including metastatic dissemination and survival.

Results
CHL1 was expressed in 9% and NrCAM in 51% of neuroblastoma tissue samples. Expression of CHL1 was higher in patients with low Hughes grade 1a/b (p=0.01). NrCAM was more often detected in patients with a low International Staging System (INSS) score 1/2 (p=0.04).

Conclusion
CHL1 and NrCAM expression was associated with low-grade pediatric neuroblastoma. These adhesion molecules may play a role in early tumor development of neuroblastoma.
Epidemiological characteristics of postoperative sepsis
Authors: Chen Po-Yi , Luo Ci-Wen , Chen Mu-Hsing , Yang Ming-Ling , Kuan Yu-Hsiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Postoperative sepsis is a major type of sepsis. Sociodemographic characteristics, incidence trends, surgical procedures, comorbidities, and organ system dysfunctions related to the disease burden of postoperative sepsis episodes are unclear.

Methods
We analyzed epidemiological characteristics of postoperative sepsis based on the ICD-9-CM codes for the years 2002 to 2013 using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Databases of Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results
We identified 5,221 patients with postoperative sepsis and 338,279 patients without postoperative sepsis. The incidence of postoperative sepsis increased annually with a crude mean of 0.06% for patients aged 45–64 and 0.34% over 65 years. Patients with postoperative sepsis indicated a high risk associated with the characteristics, male sex (OR:1.375), aged 45–64 or ≥ 65 years (OR:2.639 and 5.862), low income (OR:1.390), aged township (OR:1.269), agricultural town (OR:1.266), and remote township (OR:1.205). Splenic surgery (OR:7.723), Chronic renal disease (OR:1.733), cardiovascular dysfunction (OR:2.441), and organ system dysfunctions had the highest risk of postoperative sepsis.

Conclusion
Risk of postoperative sepsis was highest among men, older, and low income. Patients with splenic surgery, chronic renal comorbidity, and cardiovascular system dysfunction exhibited the highest risk for postoperative sepsis. The evaluation of high-risk factors assists in reducing the disease burden.
Intrinsicality, Independence and Grounding
Authors: Allen Sophie R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the plausibility of Witmer, Butchard and Trogdon’s proposal to distinguish intrinsic properties from extrinsic ones in terms of independence from accompaniment and grounding. I argue that the proposed criterion is not adequate to determine intrinsicality, since according to it some intuitively extrinsic properties turn out to be intrinsic. I suggest and evaluate two responses: first, one could characterize a conception of independence which is specific to the individual instantiating the property; and second, one could justify two assumptions about properties which entail that counterexample properties of the kinds I present do not exist, most importantly that there are no fundamental properties which are instantiated in an intrinsic fashion by some individuals and an extrinsic fashion by others. Although the latter seems prima facie plausible, I present some potential counterexamples to it from current physical theory. I conclude that the grounding- and independence-based criterion of intrinsicality can be defended from my objections, although the cost of doing so might make it more attractive to characterize intrinsicality in terms of independence, or in terms of grounding, alone.
Test on axial compression performance of nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular column
Authors: He Kang , Chen Yu , Xie Wentao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper attempts to investigate the effect of various parameters on the axial compressive behavior of nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular columns. The proposed new composite column consists of three parts: the outer GFRP tube, the inner angle section steel and the nano-silica concrete filled between GFRP tube and angle section steel. Twenty-seven specimens with different nano-silica concrete compressive strength (20MPa, 30MPa and 40MPa), diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube (20, 25 and 40) and steel ratio (0.008, 0.022 and 0.034) were tested under axial load. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the three parameters on the following: failure modes, deformation capacity, load bearing capacity, ductility and initial stiffness of the new composite column under axial load. It was found that the load bearing capacity and initial stiffness increased as the nano-silica concrete compressive strength of the specimens increased. But the specimens with higher nano-silica concrete compressive strength showed lower deformation capacity than that of the specimens with lower nano-silica concrete compressive strength. The varieties of the steel ratio have no significant effect on the specimens’ axial deformation behavior. Experimental results also showed that both load bearing capacity and deformation capacity increased with the decrease of diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube. However, diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube has no significant effect on the initial stiffness of specimens. The confinement coefficient was proposed to better evaluate the confinement effect of GFRP tube on the inner angle section steel reinforced core nano-silica concrete. The confinement effect of GFRP tube on lower strength concrete was better, and the confinement effect reduced as the diameter-to-thickness ratio of GFRP tube increased. The design formulas for the load bearing capacity of the nano-silica concrete-filled angle steel reinforced GFRP tubular columns under axial load were proposed.