bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying of ginger slices—Evaluation of quality attributes, energy consumption, and kinetics study
Authors: Osae Richard , Essilfie Gloria , Alolga Raphael N. , Bonah Ernest , Ma Haile , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGinger slices were dried with Freeze drier (FD), relative humidity convective drier (RHCD), infrared drier (IR), and microwave drier (MD) at a temperature of 60°C. The influence of the drying techniques on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities, ABTS (2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid), DPPH (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity), and CUPRAC (Cupric ion reducing capacity), rehydration ratio (RR), color, enzyme inactivation (polyphenol oxidase, PPO and peroxidase, POD), energy consumption rate (ECR), microstructure, volatile compounds (aroma profile), and drying kinetics were assessed. The results showed that FD‐ginger slices retained the highest antioxidant properties, ABTS (51.88 mgTE/g db), CUPRAC (95.51 mgTE/g db), DPPH (132.95 mgTE/g db), and FRAP (95.32 mgTE/g db), TPC (118.70 mg GAE/g db) and TFC (98.94 mg CE/g db), preserved microstructure and higher volatile compounds compared RHCD, IR, and MD. The RHCD‐ginger slices attained the highest RR (3.6), lowest ECR (7.88 kWh/kg), lowest PPO (17%), and POD (22%) residual activity with preserved color properties than FD, IR, and MD. RHCD also enhanced the drying kinetics and lessened the drying time compared to FD, IR, and MD. Page model best fitted the experimental results of drying kinetics (R2 > 0.99).Practical applicationOne of the world's most consumed and used spices is ginger and due to its high moisture content, drying is normally used for its preservation. Therefore, to attain dried ginger of better quality, an effective, safe, efficient drier that can preserve product quality and reduce processing time, as well as energy consumption, is required for commercial purposes as a poor selection can have an adverse effect on the product quality. The outcome of the current investigation will offer a better understanding of various drying techniques and also provide more information on the selection of the best drying technique for drying ginger.
Impact of Baseline Fatigue on a Physical Activity Intervention to Prevent Mobility Disability
Authors: Glynn Nancy W. , Gmelin Theresa , Santanasto Adam J. , Lovato Laura C. , Lange‐Maia Brittney S. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Fielding Roger A. , Manini Todd M. , Myers Valerie H. , de Rekeneire Nathalie , Spring Bonnie J. , Pahor Marco , King Abby C. , Rejeski W. Jack , Newman Anne B. ,   for the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study Group
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESOur aim was to examine the impacts of baseline fatigue on the effectiveness of a physical activity (PA) intervention to prevent major mobility disability (MMD) and persistent major mobility disability (PMMD) in participants from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study.DESIGNProspective cohort of individuals aged 65 years or older undergoing structured PA intervention or health education (HE) for a mean of 2.6 years.SETTINGLIFE was a multicenter eight‐site randomized trial that compared the efficacy of a structured PA intervention with an HE program in reducing the incidence of MMD.PARTICIPANTSStudy participants (N = 1591) at baseline were 78.9 ± 5.2 years of age, with low PA and at risk for mobility impairment.MEASUREMENTSSelf‐reported fatigue was assessed using the modified trait version of the Exercise‐Induced Feelings Inventory, a six‐question scale rating energy levels in the past week. Responses ranged from 0 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). Total score was calculated by averaging across questions; baseline fatigue was based on the median split: 2 or higher = more fatigue (N = 856) and lower than 2 = less fatigue (N = 735). Participants performed a usual‐paced 400‐m walk every 6 months. We defined incident MMD as the inability to walk 400‐m at follow‐up visits; PMMD was defined as two consecutive walk failures. Cox proportional hazard models quantified the risk of MMD and PMMD in PA vs HE stratified by baseline fatigue adjusted for covariates.RESULTSAmong those with higher baseline fatigue, PA participants had a 29% and 40% lower risk of MMD and PMMD, respectively, over the trial compared with HE (hazard ratio [HR] for MMD = .71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .57‐.90; P = .004) and PMMD (HR = .60; 95% CI = .44‐.82; P = .001). For those with lower baseline fatigue, no group differences in MMD (P = .36) or PMMD (P = .82) were found. Results of baseline fatigue by intervention interaction was MMD (P = .18) and PMMD (P = .05).CONCLUSIONA long‐term moderate intensity PA intervention was particularly effective at preserving mobility in older adults with higher levels of baseline fatigue. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:619–624, 2020
The capsule of human Meissner corpuscles: immunohistochemical evidence
Authors: García‐Piqueras Jorge , Cobo Ramón , Cárcaba Lucía. , García‐Mesa Yolanda , Feito Jorge , Cobo Juan , García‐Suárez Olivia , Vega José A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMeissner corpuscles are cutaneous mechanoreceptors that are usually located in the dermal papillae of human glabrous skin. Structurally, these sensory corpuscles consist of a mechanoreceptive sensory neuron surrounded by non‐myelinating lamellar Schwann‐like cells. Some authors have described a partially developed fibroblastic capsule of endoneurial or perineurial origin around Meissner corpuscles; however, others have noted that these structures are non‐encapsulated. As there is continuity between the periaxonic cells forming the sensory corpuscles and the cells of the nerve trunks, we used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of endoneurial (CD34 antigen) or perineurial [Glucose transporter 1 (Glut1)] markers in human cutaneous Meissner corpuscles. We also investigated the immunohistochemical patterns of nestin and vimentin (the main intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton of endoneurial and perineurial cells, respectively) in Meissner corpuscles. The most important finding from this study was that CD34‐positive cells formed a partial/complete capsule of endoneurial origin around most Meissner corpuscles, without signs of other perineurial Glut1‐positive elements. However, the cytoskeletal proteins of the capsular CD34‐positive cells did not include either nestin or vimentin, so the cytoskeletal composition of these cells remains to be established. Finally, the intensity of the immunoreactivity for CD34 in the capsule decreased with ageing, sometimes becoming completely absent in the oldest individuals. In conclusion, we report the first immunohistochemical evidence of the capsule of Meissner corpuscles in humans and demonstrate the endoneurial origin of the capsule.
Evolutionary trajectories of tooth histology patterns in modern sharks (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii)
Authors: Jambura Patrick L. , Türtscher Julia , Kindlimann René , Metscher Brian , Pfaff Cathrin , Stumpf Sebastian , Weber Gerhard W. , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring their evolutionary history, modern sharks developed different tooth mineralization patterns that resulted in very distinct histological patterns of the tooth crown (histotypes). To date, three different tooth histotypes have been distinguished: (i) orthodont teeth, which have a central hollow pulp cavity in the crown, encapsulated by a prominent layer of dentine (orthodentine); (ii) pseudoosteodont teeth, which have their pulp cavities secondarily replaced by a dentinal core of porous dentine (osteodentine), encased by orthodentine; and (iii) osteodont teeth, which lack orthodentine and the whole tooth crown of which consists of osteodentine. The aim of the present study was to trace evolutionary trends of tooth mineralization patterns in modern sharks and to find evidence for the presence of phylogenetic or functional signals. High resolution micro‐computed tomography images were generated for the teeth of members of all nine extant shark orders and the putative stem group †Synechodontiformes, represented here by three taxa, to examine the tooth histology non‐destructively. Pseudoosteodonty is the predominant state among modern sharks and represents unambiguously the plesiomorphic condition. Orthodonty evolved several times independently in modern sharks, while the osteodont tooth histotype is only developed in lamniform sharks. The two shark orders Heterodontiformes and Pristiophoriformes showed highly modified tooth histologies, with Pristiophorus exhibiting a histology only known from batomorphs (i.e. rays and skates), and Heterodontus showing a histological difference between anterior and posterior teeth, indicating a link between its tooth morphology, histology and durophagous lifestyle. The tooth histotype concept has proven to be a useful tool to reflect links between histology, function and its taxonomic value for distinct taxa; however, a high degree of variation, especially in the pseudoosteodont tooth histotype, demonstrates that the current histotype concept is too simplistic to fully resolve these relationships. The vascularization pattern of the dentine might offer new future research pathways for better understanding functional and phylogenetic signals in the tooth histology of modern sharks.
Factors Influencing Low Sodium Intake in People with Non‐Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wright Hattie H. , Kickbusch Heidi , Swanepoel Elizabeth , Gray Nicholas 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYObjectiveTo evaluate dietary sodium intake in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and identify contributing factors to low sodium intake by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework.Design and MethodsNon‐dialysed people with CKD completed a 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion test and Scored Salt Questionnaire (SSQ). A survey including socio‐demographic information, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Short Sodium Knowledge Survey and Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire based on TPB measured the factors contributing to dietary adherence.ResultsSixty‐three people [age: 71 (IQR: 64–77); 27% female] participated with 80% having high urinary sodium excretion [median: 134 mmol/day (111; 183)] but only 40% reported high sodium intake [SSQ score = 53 (39; 75)]. Overall sodium knowledge was high in 57% of participants although only 33% had seen a dietitian. There was a positive correlation between attitude towards a low‐sodium diet and subjective norm (social expectations), r = 0.44, p < 0.01; urinary sodium and the extent of perceived consequences of CKD (r = 0.26, p < 0.05); and the extent to which willpower was perceived as a barrier to adherence to dietary sodium restriction (r = 0.27, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed taste of low‐salt foods (β = 8.9, p < 0.01) explained 26.4% of variance in dietary sodium intake (R2 = 0.264, F(12, 34), p < 0.01).ConclusionTPB successfully identified barriers to follow a low‐sodium diet in non‐dialysed people with CKD. Taste preferences, willpower, meeting social expectations and disease concern were identified as key contributing factors to adherence.
The geography of unsheltered homelessness in the city: Evidence from “311” calls in New York
Authors: Corinth Kevin , Finley Grace 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe provide the first detailed evidence on the distribution of unsheltered homelessness within the city. We rely on “311” call data reporting unsheltered homeless individuals to New York City authorities, based on evidence that the distribution of calls reflects their actual locations. Centrality dominates an otherwise important role of median income in explaining variation in unsheltered homelessness across neighborhoods. Subway stations and restaurants are important as well. We also find that police respond more quickly to calls in more affluent and central neighborhoods. This suggests that the distribution of homelessness across neighborhoods could affect the city's overall response.
Effects of dietary γ‐aminobutyric acid supplementation on antioxidant status, blood hormones and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs undergoing transport stress
Authors: Bi Chongpeng , Yin Jiajia , Yang Wei , Shi Baoming , Shan Anshan 
Published: December 2019

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a natural nonprotein amino acid distributed in animals, plants and microbes. GABA is an inhibiting neurotransmitter which takes great effect in mammalian central nervous system. We carried out the research to study the influence of GABA on blood hormone concentrations, antioxidant status and meat quality in fattening pigs after transportation. The 72 pigs with a starting weight of approximately 32.67 ± 0.62 kg were randomly allocated to 2 groups based on dietary treatments, containing 6 replicates with 6 pigs in each. The pigs were fed dietary supplementation of GABA (0 or 30 mg/kg of diets) for 74 days. Twelve pigs were randomly selected from each group and assigned to the either 1 hr of transport (T group) or no transport (N group), resulting in two‐factor factorial design. Compared to the control, GABA supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG) (p < .01) and decreased feed–gain ratio (F/G) (p < .05). The pH45 min was lower and drip loss was greater in the longissimus muscles (LM) of post‐slaughter of transported pigs (p < .05). The pH45 min of 0/T group (group with 0 mg/kg GABA and transport) was significantly lower than the pH45 min of the 30/T group (diet × transport; p < .05). GABA supplementation significantly increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) concentration (p < .05) before transportation. Following transport, pigs fed GABA had decreased concentrations of serum malonaldehyde (MDA), adrenal cortical hormone and cortisol (p < .05). The results indicate that feeding GABA significantly increased the growth performance of growing‐finishing pigs. The transportation model negatively impacted meat quality, antioxidant indexes and hormone parameters, but dietary supplementation of GABA could suppress the rise of drip loss of LM, ACTH and COR and suppress the drop of pH45 min of LM after transportation stress in growing‐finishing pigs. Feeding GABA alleviated transportation stress in pigs.
Preliminary investigation of serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Gonçalves R. , Sanchez‐Masian D. , Maddox T. W. , Dukes‐McEwan J. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the incidence of elevated serum cardiac troponin I in dogs with acute ischaemic strokes, to evaluate its prognostic value in these patients and characterise a possible relationship between cardiac troponin I elevation in dogs with ischaemic strokes and underlying cardiac dysfunction.Materials and MethodsProspective study of 18 dogs with acute ischaemic stroke diagnosed by MRI of the brain. Serum cardiac troponin I concentration, trans‐thoracic echocardiography and six‐lead electrocardiography were performed and findings were compared between dogs with good and poor outcome.ResultsSerum cardiac troponin I was increased in 17 dogs (median 0.95 ng/mL; range 0.146 to 153). Focal hyperechoic regions of myocardium were visible in two dogs using trans‐thoracic echocardiography and presumed to represent acute infarcts. A significant association was found between cardiac troponin I and creatinine concentrations. No difference in cardiac troponin I concentrations was detected between dogs that experienced good and poor outcomes. Clinically important cardiac dysfunction was identified in two dogs.Clinical SignificanceCardiac troponin I is commonly elevated in patients diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke but, in this small study population, did not have prognostic value. Larger studies (recruiting a study population of 98 dogs for a power of 0.8 and a 0.05 alpha/critical value) would aid in further investigation of these preliminary results.
Insomnia does not affect heart rate changes when young adults watch humorous films: An exploratory study
Authors: Altena Ellemarije , Bastien Célyne H. , Sanz‐Arigita Ernesto J. , Daviaux Yannick , Bioulac Stéphanie , Micoulaud‐Franchi Jean‐Arthur , Taillard Jacques , Philip Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmotional reactivity in insomnia is affected both subjectively and on a physiological level for negative emotional material, but little is known about reactions to positive stimuli. We here investigated whether in younger adult insomnia patients, presentation of short humorous films would lead to heart rate decreases during and after film viewing, as compared to heart rate changes when falling asleep. Investigating 20 participants with DSM‐5‐diagnosed insomnia and 18 participants without insomnia, we found that heart rate decreased when falling asleep, increased when watching humorous films and returned to normal values afterwards for all participants. Film‐related heart rate increases were strongly related to humour ratings of the films. No differences were found between those with and without insomnia on subjective ratings of the films, film‐related heart rate changes or when falling asleep. We conclude that the experience of positive daily life stimuli in younger adults is not affected by insomnia in our study, despite insomnia having a known more profound effect on negative stimuli. Future studies exploring insomnia‐related autonomous nervous system responses combining different neurophysiological modalities should confirm our findings.
Theory of Mind and Language in Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Bailey Katharine , Im‐Bolter Nancie 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe examined theory of mind (ToM; mental state understanding) and language in children with epilepsy (EP; n = 10; mean age = 9.92, SD = 2.34) and with typical development (TD; n = 20; mean age = 10.05, SD = 2.08). The EP group demonstrated worse ToM compared to the TD group (t(28) = −1.11, p = .28, d = .44) but differences did not persist when controlling for language. Syntactic language was correlated with ToM in the EP group (rho (10) = .79, p < .01). This study confirms language is important for ToM in a group of children with a neurological disorder and indicates that children with epilepsy are at risk for difficulties in understanding the mental states of others due to their language deficits. This may help to explain the social difficulties these children have with their peers.
Genital nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis: A diagnostic challenge in a pediatric patient
Authors: Liu Regina , Arzeno Julia , Lonowski Sarah , Smart Chandra , Cheng Carol 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) is an idiopathic hamartomatous condition characterized by the presence of mature adipose tissue in the dermis. We report a case of NLCS initially misdiagnosed as condyloma acuminata in a 14‐year‐old boy. This case highlights classic clinical and histologic features of NLCS. The case presented here underscores the need for a high degree of clinical suspicion in diagnosing NLCS and in differentiating benign anogenital lesions from sexually transmitted conditions to avoid unnecessary work‐up and undue emotional stress.
Transcriptional analysis of deoxynivalenol‐induced apoptosis of sow ovarian granulosa cell
Authors: Yang Min , Wu Xudong , Zhang Wei , Ye Pengfei , Wang Yuanlang , Zhu Weihua , Tao Qiangqiang , Xu Yiliang , Shang Jinnan , Zhao Dongdong , Ding Yueyun , Yin Zongjun , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLitter size is one of the most important economic traits in pig production. Recent studies identified that deoxynivalenol (DON), a widespread toxin in fodder, was associated with animal prolificacy. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we used porcine ovary granulosa cells (pGCs) as a vector to establish DON concentration–time models and performed cell morphology and transcriptome analysis to identify and analyse the effects of DON on reproductive performance in swine. The results showed that DON can induce morphological changes and apoptosis of pGCs, while inhibiting cell proliferation. Moreover, these effects of DON on pGCs were dose‐dependent. After treatment of pGCs with different concentrations of DON, the percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M phase increased. RNA‐seq analyses revealed 5,937 differentially expressed genes, of which 1995 were down‐regulated and 3,942 were up‐regulated after DON treatment. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated important metabolic pathways such as IL‐17 signalling pathway, eukaryotic ribosome synthesis pathway, RNA transport pathway and RNA degradation. Based on our results, we speculate that the effects of DON are related to the DNA damage process. Our study provides novel insights and a foundation to further understand the effect of DON on swine prolificacy.
U–Pb geochronology and Raman spectroscopy of zircons from the granites in the Xihuashan and Tieshanlong Deposit: Implications for W‐Sn mineralization in Southern Jiangxi Province, South China
Authors: Guo Xiao‐fei , Wu Kai‐xing , Tian Yu , Zhang Xiao‐bing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Xihuashan and Tieshanlong tungsten deposit is an important large quartz vein‐type W‐polymetallic deposit in the southern Jiangxi Province, eastern Nanling Range. Zircon U–Pb analyses of representative ore‐forming granites from the Xihuashan and Tieshanlong tungsten deposit yield ages of 146.3 ± 2.9 Ma and 146.0 ± 3.8 Ma, respectively. According to the zircon Raman spectroscopy, these granitic rocks are disturbed by different degrees of hydrothermal alteration, whereas most zircons exhibit primary oscillatory zoning and Th/U ratios in the range of magmatic zircon, which means the analysis results represent the crystallization age of metallogenetic granitic assemblages. In combination with regional geological data, it is suggested that the Late Jurassic is probably another important episode of granitic magmatism and W‐Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Provinces, even South China.
Exchange rate risk and trade mode choice in processing trade: Evidence from Chinese data
Authors: Chen Zhe , Hong Junjie , Sun Xiaonan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the trade mode choices of assembly firms. Using Chinese customs data, we show that exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT) depends on which party is responsible for sourcing inputs. Relative to passively receiving inputs under the pure assembly (PA) mode, foreign‐invested assembly firms mainly source inputs themselves through the import and assembly mode and enjoy lower ERPT. We find that the share of imports through PA increases with exchange rate fluctuations. This effect is more pronounced for firms in liquidity‐constrained industries and mitigated by better local financial development.