bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive functioning in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Stadskleiv Kristine 
Published: January 2020

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk of cognitive impairments. This narrative review of the literature discusses assessment of cognition in children with CP, presents the most salient characteristics of cognitive functioning pertaining to each subtype, and discusses the relationships between brain injury, functioning, and intervention from a developmental perspective. A search for original studies of cognitive functioning in children with different subtypes of CP was performed. The search resulted in 81 unique hits. There were few studies with a representative sample of children with CP where all participants were individually assessed. Cognitive functioning in children with the most severe motor impairments were often assumed and not assessed. Furthermore, there was a confounding of IQ below 70 and intellectual disability, possibly leading to an overestimation of the prevalence of intellectual disability. Longitudinal neuropsychological studies, including also very young children and those with the most severe speech and motor impairments, as well as intervention studies, are called for.What this paper adds

Few studies have assessed cognition in a representative sample of children with cerebral palsy.

Cognition in children with severe motor impairment is often assumed, not assessed.

Lack of assessment may lead to overestimating the prevalence of intellectual disability.

Lowered cognitive functioning in older children highlights the need for longitudinal studies.
Magnetic resonance imaging of equine stifles: Technique and observations in 76 clinical cases
Authors: Waselau M. , McKnight A. , Kasparek A. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of equine stifle disorders is challenging. We describe a routine technique for low‐field stifle MRI under general anaesthesia in clinical cases and report the main findings. We hypothesised that MRI can be safely and routinely performed and portray bone and soft‐tissue pathology. In this retrospective study, medical records of 76 stifles with positive response to intra‐articular anaesthesia without abnormalities on conventional diagnostic imaging were reviewed for breed, age, gender, MRI anaesthesia time and findings. Under anaesthesia, limbs were extended in a rotating MR gantry. Different sequences in several planes were acquired in an average time of 62 min. In all horses, the stifle examinations were successful and complete. Typical MRI lesions included bone marrow lesions, osseous cyst‐like lesions, cruciate desmopathy, meniscal tearing or a combination thereof. Retrospective reviewing confirmed that initial radiographic and ultrasonographic images failed to identify these lesions. Surgically accessible lesions were confirmed in arthroscopy if exploration was indicated. However, MRI was useful to estimate extent of cruciate and meniscal pathology as well as bone marrow lesions and bone cystic‐like lesions more thoroughly. Our protocol allows for routine stifle MRI, independent of breed, age and gender. Based on our preliminary results, low‐field stifle MRI is safe and can delineate bone and soft‐tissue pathology. Low‐field MRI appears to be a promising approach for better understanding stifle pathology and thus treatment and prognosis.
Transfer learning and information retrieval applied to fall detection
Authors: Fañez Mirko , Villar José R. , de la Cal Enrique , Sedano Javier , González Victor M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDetecting falls in the elderly population is a very important issue that is related with the time of recovery. This study focuses on using wearable smart watches to monitor the movements of the user in order to detect patterns that might be related to fall events. The proposed solution explores Symbolic Aggregate approXimation (SAX) Time Series representation, together with two information retrieval techniques enriched with transfer learning (TL). The solution is user centred; that is, a model is developed for each specific user. Basically, the fall detection approach makes use of a finite‐state machine to detect peaks; the time series window embedding these peaks are represented using SAX. Assuming the data from the public fall detection data sets are valid, a dictionary is prepared using the most relevant words. This dictionary is then introduced as previous knowledge to an online learning classifier that is trained with normal activities of daily living. The two classifiers are evaluated and compared with two classical approaches. Before this comparison, two clustering approaches are studied to produce the bag of relevant words. A complete experimentation is included, which makes use of several publicly available data sets and also with a data set developed by the research group. Comparisons are performed for all the data sets, showing how the TL stage empowers the classifier. The results show that this solution produces high detection rates and at the same time performed similarly for all the individuals tested. Furthermore, the positive effects of TL in this context are clearly remarked.
Comparison of lead contamination among related scavenging birds sharing food sources: a call for caution when using surrogate species
Authors: Plaza Pablo I. , Wiemeyer Guillermo , Lambertucci Sergio A. 
Published: January 2020

Lead contamination is a global problem affecting a large number of bird species around the world. Among the different avian guilds, vultures and facultative scavengers are particularly threatened by this toxic metal. However, little information is available about differences in exposure to this metal for sympatric vulture species that share food resources. We compared blood lead concentrations of two closely related sympatric obligate scavenger species, the abundant Black Vulture Coragyps atratus and the threatened Andean Condor Vultur gryphus in north‐western Patagonia, Argentina. We sampled 28 Andean Condors and 29 Black Vultures trapped foraging in the same area in the steppe. We also sampled 16 Black Vultures foraging in a rubbish dump to determine whether there were differences in lead contamination among foraging sites. Andean Condors had significantly higher mean blood lead concentrations than Black Vultures. There was no difference in lead concentrations between Black Vultures trapped in the steppe and in the rubbish dump. The prevalence and probability of lead concentrations above the threshold level (20 µg/dL) was higher for Andean Condors than for Black Vultures, potentially producing different effects on their health. This disparity in lead contamination may be due to differences in their foraging habits or in their susceptibility to this toxic metal. Overall, our results suggest caution in using an abundant surrogate species to infer lead contamination in a closely related but harder to sample species.
Radiotherapy of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: our experience in 30 cases
Authors: Piccinno Roberta , Damiani Giovanni , Rossi Luisa C. , Berti Emilio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the observation of new cases of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) with a seemingly aggressive clinical presentation and a favorable response to radiation therapy (RT), a review of our series has been performed to evaluate the results of RT.Materials and methodsThe study is a retrospective analysis of 30 patients with PCALCL treated with conventional energy RT.ResultsAbout 55 fields of irradiation were performed. Complete clinical response (CCR) was obtained in 29 cases and a partial clinical response (PCR) in one. Two lesions had a marginal relapse at 7 and 37 months, respectively. In eight cases, new lesions appeared in the same body district and in six cases, in body sites at distance from the field of treatment. Total radiation dose ranged from 15 to 35 Gy (median 25 Gy). Follow‐up range was 2–218 months (median 38.5 months) with a local control rate of 85% and a relapse‐free rate of 49% at 5 years from RT. Three cases developed a nodal involvement.ConclusionsPCALCL belongs to the group of primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, accounting for 25–30% of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas. RT is considered of choice as alternative to surgical excision of solitary lesions. Recent studies have focused on ideal dose to obtain local control indicating 30 Gy as adequate, but others have hypothesized that lower doses may suffice. Our study confirms the excellent role of RT in the local control of the disease with total doses ≤25 Gy.
Effect of ultrasonication treatment and fermentation by probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum strains on goat milk bioactivities
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Gholamhosseinpour Aliakbar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present research, the effects of continuous ultrasound treatment (100 W, 30 kHz; 0%, 30%, 60% and 90% amplitudes, 15 min) and fermentation process (37°C, 24 h) on the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum LP3 and LU5 strains and bioactive properties (peptide content, α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition, anticancer and antioxidant activities and exopolysaccharide content) of goat milk were investigated. According to our results, the ultrasonication of milk up to 60% amplitude promoted the growth of Lactobacillus strains and enhanced the bioactive properties compared with control during fermentation, while, the ultrasonication at 90% amplitude had negative effects on the mentioned parameters. Exopolysaccharide content, α‐amylase inhibition, α‐glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant activity and anticancer activity of treated samples at 60% amplitude at the end of fermentation in comparison to its beginning were increased 18.09, 12.79, 12.44, 9.4 and 1.92 folds, respectively. Also, the increase of assayed characteristics was found strain‐dependent, so that L. plantarum LP3 was more effective than LU5 strain.
Exploiting the internalization feature of an antibody against the glycosphingolipid SSEA‐4 to deliver immunotoxins in breast cancer cells
Authors: Ruggiero Fernando M , Rodríguez‐Walker Macarena , Daniotti Jose L 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe stage‐specific embryonic antigen‐4 (SSEA‐4) is a cell surface glycosphingolipid antigen expressed in early stages of human development. This surface marker is downregulated during the differentiation process but is found re‐expressed in several types of tumors, including breast cancer. This feature makes SSEA‐4 an attractive target for the development of therapeutic antibodies against tumors. In this work, we first studied the binding and intracellular fate of the monoclonal antibody MC‐813‐70 directed against SSEA‐4. MC‐813‐70 was found to be rapidly internalized into triple‐negative breast cancer cells following binding to its target at the plasma membrane, and to accumulate in acidic organelles, most likely lysosomes. Given the internalization feature of MC‐813‐70, we next tested whether the antibody was able to selectively deliver the saporin toxin inside SSEA‐4‐expressing cells. Results show that the immunotoxin complex was properly endocytosed and able to reduce cell viability of breast cancer cells in vitro, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Our findings indicate that the MC‐813‐70 antibody has the potential to be developed as an alternative targeted therapeutic agent for cancer cells expressing the SSEA‐4 glycolipid.
Workplace stress and resilience in the Australian nursing workforce: A comprehensive integrative review
Authors: Badu Eric , O’Brien Anthony Paul , Mitchell Rebecca , Rubin Mark , James Carole , McNeil Karen , Nguyen Kim , Giles Michelle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis integrative review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence on workplace stress and resilience in the Australian nursing workforce. A search of the published literature was conducted using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was limited to papers published in English from January 2008 to December 2018. The review integrated both qualitative and quantitative data into a single synthesis. Of the 41 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 65.85% (27/41) used quantitative data, 29.26% (12/41) used qualitative data, and 4.87% (2/41) used mixed methods. About 48.78% (20/41) of the papers addressed resilience issues, 46.34% (19/41) addressed workplace stress, and 4.87% (2/41) addressed both workplace stress and resilience. The synthesis indicated that nurses experience moderate to high levels of stress. Several individual attributes and organizational resources are employed by nurses to manage workplace adversity. The individual attributes include the use of work–life balance and organizing work as a mindful strategy, as well as self‐reliance, passion and interest, positive thinking, and emotional intelligence as self‐efficacy mechanisms. The organizational resources used to build resilience are support services (both formal and informal), leadership, and role modelling. The empirical studies on resilience largely address individual attributes and organizational resources used to build resilience, with relatively few studies focusing on workplace interventions. Our review recommends that research attention be devoted to educational interventions to achieve sustainable improvements in the mental health and wellbeing of nurses.
Blanking period after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation guided by ablation lesion maturation based on serial MR imaging
Authors: Yamashita Kennosuke , Kwan Eugene , Kamali Roya , Ghafoori Elyar , Steinberg Benjamin A. , MacLeod Rob S. , Dosdall Derek J. , Ranjan Ravi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent guidelines recommend a 3‐month blanking period after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablations, which are based on clinical observation. Our goal was to quantify the timeline of the radiofrequency ablation lesion maturation using serial late gadolinium enhancement‐magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI) and to develop a blanking period estimate based on visible lesion maturation.MethodsInclusion criteria targeted patients who underwent AF ablation and at least four MRI scans: at baseline before ablation, within 24 hours after (acute), between 24 hours and 90 days after (subacute), and more than 90 days after ablation (chronic). Central nonenhanced (NE) and surrounding hyperenhanced (HE) area volumes were measured and normalized to chronic lesion volume.ResultsThis study assessed 75 patients with 309 MRIs. The acute lesion was heterogeneous with a HE region surrounding a central NE region in LGE‐MRI; the acute volume of the total (HE + NE) lesion was 2.62 ± 0.46 times larger than that of the chronic lesion. Acute T2‐weighted imaging also showed a relatively large area of edema. Both NE and HE areas gradually receded over time and NE was not observed after 30 days. Larger initial NE volume was associated with a significantly greater chronic scar volume and this total lesion volume receded to equal the chronic lesion size at approximately 72.5 days (95% prediction interval: 57.4‐92.2).ConclusionOn the basis of serial MRI, atrial ablation lesions are often fully mature before the typical 90‐day blanking period, which could support more timely clinical decision making for arrhythmia recurrence.
Differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine by obesity in a general population
Authors: Furuhashi Masato , Koyama Masayuki , Higashiura Yukimura , Murase Takayo , Nakamura Takashi , Matsumoto Megumi , Sakai Akiko , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Tanaka Marenao , Saitoh Shigeyuki , Moniwa Norihito , Shimamoto Kazuaki , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionUric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity is a metabolic biomarker associated with obesity, hyperuricemia, liver dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, it has recently been reported that XOR activity in fat tissue is low in humans, unlike in rodents, and that hypoxanthine is secreted from human fat tissue.Materials and MethodsThe associations of obesity with hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were investigated in 484 participants (men/women: 224/260) of the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study.ResultsLevels of hypoxanthine, xanthine and plasma XOR activity were significantly higher in men than in women. In 59 participants with hyperuricemia, 11 (men/women: 11/0) participants were being treated with an XOR inhibitor and had a significantly higher level of xanthine, but not hypoxanthine, than that in participants without treatment. In all of the participants, hypoxanthine concentration in smokers was significantly higher than that in non‐smokers. Stepwise and multivariate regression analyses showed that body mass index, smoking habit and xanthine were independent predictors of hypoxanthine after adjustment of age, sex and use of antihyperuricemic drugs. Whereas, alanine transaminase, hypoxanthine and plasma XOR activity were independent predictors for xanthine, and alanine transaminase, triglycerides and xanthine were independent predictors for plasma XOR activity.ConclusionsThe concentration of hypoxanthine, but not that of xanthine, is independently associated with obesity and smoking habit, indicating differential regulation of hypoxanthine and xanthine in a general population.
The utilization of snap‐on provisionals for dental veneers: From an analog to a digital approach
Authors: Esquivel Jonathan , Villarroel Milko , Tran David , Kee Edwin , Bruggers Karen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere are multiple treatment options to enhance a patient's smile, from conservative bleaching procedures to composite resins, porcelain veneers, or full‐coverage crowns. Treating patients with porcelain veneers is a commonly used approach in esthetic dentistry. Provisional restorations for veneers can be time‐consuming to make and difficult to retain. This article illustrates a technique for fabricating indirect snap‐on provisional restorations for veneer cases, describing both analog and digital approaches.Clinical considerationsThe present article presents an alternative provisionalization technique using snap‐on restorations for dental veneers. Application of these techniques will allow for ease of cleansability by the patient leading to healthier soft tissues before the final cementation. Delivery of veneers is more predictable with healthy soft tissue, as bleeding and inflammation may affect the bonding process.ConclusionsThis technique is an effective provisionalization option in most veneer cases. This approach seems to be well accepted by patients and a good alternative in helping to maintain optimal gingival health with interim restorations before delivery.Clinical significanceThe use of snap‐on provisionals for veneer restorations will allow the clinician to have an efficient technique with better tissue response before cementation. This prevents inflammation and facilitates a controlled delivery process.
Old neurochemical markers, new functional directions?
Authors: De Deurwaerdere Philippe , Gaetani Silvana , Vaughan Roxanne A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dorsal striatum coordinates input‐output processing of numerous functions including those related to motor activity, motivation, and learning. Considerable anatomical and biochemical heterogeneity across striatal subregions has long been known to result in distinct functional outcomes, and for imbalances in these pathways to contribute to many complex disorders. Here we highlight the study of Hörtnagl et al. (2019) who utilize precision dissection of human caudate nucleus and putamen for detailed measurement of major neurochemical markers to address the question of anatomical heterogeneity of neurotransmitter distribution and turnover in these regions. The findings identify gradients of neurotransmitter markers in rostro‐caudal, dorso‐lateral, and anterior–posterior directions with a precision that has not been previously determined in humans. Correlative analyses of the results also suggest tentative links between content of various neurotransmitters in specific subregions, raising the intriguing possibility that neurotransmitter quantity in one territory may correlate with the quantity of the same or different transmitter from another territory. This suggests the presence of a functional anatomy over extensive brain regions and networks that can be studied through multiple correlative analyses, and identify a possible basis for a new approach for postmortem analysis of neurotransmitter distribution and function.
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Vasculitis beyond the areas of Botulinum toxin‐A injection, increasing concerns?
Authors: Namazi Nastaran , Najar Nobari Niloufar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxins‐A, as the most common non‐surgical method for facial rejuvenation, have been used broadly.ObjectiveDespite its significant aesthetic aspects, particular undesirable adverse effects could occur.AimThe aim of this case report is to present the most serious side effects of botulinum toxin injections.Patients/MethodsA case report of a middle age woman with side effects of botulinum toxin injection with presentation of erythema and edema on the sites of injection and more further on the face and neck. The skin biopsies from both sides were obtained. On the skin biopsy the small vessel vasculitis on the site on injection and more further on the face and neck was performed as a result of injections.ResultsFollowing Botulinum toxin‐A injection, various cutaneous reactions could occur. Some of these reactions such as edema and erythema may be self‐limited and has not serious impact on patients life but also some severe reactions like this case may occur which may alarm the life threatening side effects of injections. These reactions may be due to molecular patterns and exogenous proteins that have the potential for activating the immune cascade.ConclusionUsing the unapproved Botulinum toxin‐A should be discouraged due to their hazard of systemic reactions and clinicians should avoid administering the unlicensed products even by patients request or lack of the allergic reactions from previous injections.