bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Satisfaction following Structural versus Preservation Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Levin Marc , Ziai Hedyeh , Roskies Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, dorsal preservation rhinoplasty has been gained acceptance among facial plastic surgeons. Despite this, there is limited literature on patient satisfaction following preservation rhinoplasty. This systematic review aims to evaluate all studies quantifying patient satisfaction and to compare results between structural and dorsal preservation rhinoplasty. OVID Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed databases were searched. All studies from the years 2010 to 2020 evaluating satisfaction in patients receiving either structural or dorsal preservation rhinoplasty were included. Data regarding study demographics as well as patient satisfaction results were extracted from included studies. Descriptive results and analysis were calculated. A total of 2,172 articles were initially identified, of which 29 articles were included in the final analysis. Of the 29 articles, 25 were focused on structural rhinoplasty and 4 were focused on preservation rhinoplasty. Of the 25 structural rhinoplasty articles, 17 used the Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction and 5 used the FACE-Q scale. Among the 25 structural rhinoplasty studies, 14 (56%) reported statistically significant improvements in patient satisfaction evaluation scores after rhinoplasty. Among the four preservation rhinoplasty studies, one (25%) study reported significant improvements in satisfaction scores after rhinoplasty. Despite this, most studies included a statement that satisfaction improved in patients following rhinoplasty. Literature in this review supports both structural and preservation rhinoplasty, resulting in high satisfactory results for patients following surgery. More research must be conducted to further quantify satisfaction following preservation rhinoplasty and prospectively compare satisfaction between the two rhinoplasty techniques.
Extra Pancreatic Necrotic Volume: Can It Prognosticate Acute Necrotising Pancreatitis— A Prospective Study
Authors: Anandan Rinoy Ram , Patil Santosh , Renganathan Rupa , Varatharajaperumal Rajesh Kumar , Ramasamy Rajkumar , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is associated with higher mortality and morbidity. We need a method which is accurate in predicting the prognosis, and when applied early in the disease process, can help in closer monitoring and early initiation of treatment for at-risk patients.
Objectives The aim of this prospective study was to assess the extra pancreatic necrosis (EPN) volume in patients with ANP and compare it with outcome variables such as organ failure, death and need for intervention as well as to compare the predictive power of EPN volume with modified CT severity index (CTSI).
Materials and Methods The study had 48 patients with clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, who underwent Contrast enhanced CT (CECT) between 3–6 days of onset. In all these patients, EPN volume (in cubic centimetre) and modified CTSI score were calculated and compared with the patient outcome parameters such as duration of hospital/ICU stay, need for percutaneous/surgical intervention, evidence of infection and organ failure. The results were compared with assess the predictive power of EPN volume.
Statistical analysis The analysis was done in SPSS version 16.0 for windows. Pearson Correlation was used to assess the significant relationship between selected objective variables.
Results EPN volume (>/= to 360 cc) had a statistically significant correlation with outcome parameters as well as in predicting overall organ failure. In our study, Modified CTSI had no significant correlation with the above mentioned factors.
Conclusions The volume of EPN calculated between 3rd and 6th day of onset of symptoms showed a significant correlation with the outcome in patients with ANP.
A temporal record of the past with a spectrum of time constants in the monkey entorhinal cortex
Authors: Bright Ian M. , Meister Miriam L. R. , Cruzado Nathanael A. , Tiganj Zoran , Buffalo Elizabeth A. , Howard Marc W. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Many brain regions, notably the hippocampus, contain a record of the recent past with time cells, neurons that fire in sequence, each at a specific time after a triggering event. The origin of this neural timeline has been unclear. This paper reports a timing signal in the entorhinal cortex (EC), which provides input to the hippocampus. Rather than firing sequentially, all EC neurons activated shortly after a stimulus and then decayed at a variety of rates. Because different neurons decay at different rates, one can reconstruct how far in the past the stimulus was presented by noting which neurons are still active. These results align well with the theoretical proposal that the brain represents the real Laplace transform of the past.
Optimizing immunization protocols to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Sprenger Kayla G. , Louveau Joy E. , Murugan Pranav M. , Chakraborty Arup K. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceThe global health burden could be substantially alleviated by the creation of universal vaccines against highly mutable pathogens like HIV and influenza. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are encouraging targets for such vaccines, because they can bind to diverse strains of these pathogens. BnAbs typically develop only after the immune system has been exposed to many mutated versions of a pathogen, and then too in few people and low numbers. Thus, sequentially administering multiple different pathogen-like proteins is a promising strategy to elicit bnAbs through vaccination. However, it remains unclear how best to design/administer these proteins. We explore this using physics-based simulations and provide mechanistic insights into antibody evolution that could guide creation of universal vaccines against highly mutable pathogens.
Loss of Hap1 selectively promotes striatal degeneration in Huntington disease mice
Authors: Liu Qiong , Cheng Siying , Yang Huiming , Zhu Louyin , Pan Yongcheng , Jing Liang , Tang Beisha , Li Shihua , Li Xiao-Jiang 
Published: August 2020

Significance
A variety of neurodegenerative diseases show selective neuronal loss in distinct brain regions. It remains unclear how the ubiquitously expressed disease proteins can cause selective neurodegeneration. In Huntington’s disease, neuronal loss preferentially occurs in the striatum. Using Huntington’s disease mice, we found that loss of Hap1 selectively causes neuronal degeneration in the striatum. We further identified that this selective neuronal degeneration also depends on mutant HTT and Rhes, a striatal enriched protein. Hap1 deficiency causes more Rhes to bind mutant HTT to yield a toxic form of mutant HTT. Our findings suggest that multiple factors are involved in the selective neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases and that their specific interaction can serve as a therapeutic target.
Nanoscale force sensing of an ultrafast nonlinear optical response
Authors: Schumacher Zeno , Rejali Rasa , Pachlatko Raphael , Spielhofer Andreas , Nagler Philipp , Miyahara Yoichi , Cooke David G. , Grütter Peter 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Optical properties of materials are governed by nanoscale charge motion induced by ultrafast light fields. Here, we demonstrate that the electrostatic force originating from light-induced electron motion in a dielectric can be measured using atomic force microscopy. We observe changes in the force originating from second-order nonlinear optical interactions in the sample on a sub-15-nm scale and 100-fs time resolution. The time resolution is set by the light pulse characteristics, not by the properties of the force sensor. Our method does not rely on nonlinear tip–sample interactions, thus advancing the possibility to observe ultrafast nonlinear light–matter interactions with spatial resolution in any material. We envision this technique will allow the correlation of nanometer structure with light-induced time-resolved kinetics.
Hidden kinetic traps in multidomain folding highlight the presence of a misfolded but functionally competent intermediate
Authors: Gautier Candice , Troilo Francesca , Cordier Florence , Malagrinò Francesca , Toto Angelo , Visconti Lorenzo , Zhu Yanlei , Brunori Maurizio , Wolff Nicolas , Gianni Stefano 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Much of our current knowledge on protein folding is based on work focused on isolated domains. In this study, using a combination of NMR and kinetic experiments, we depict the folding pathway of a multidomain construct comprising two PDZ domains in tandem, belonging to the protein Whirlin. We demonstrate the presence of a misfolded intermediate that competes with productive folding. Interestingly, we show that, unexpectedly, this misfolded state retains the native-like functional ability to bind its physiological ligand, representing a clear example of a functionally competent misfolded state. On the basis of these results and a comparative analysis of the amino acidic sequences of Whirlin from different species, we propose a possible physiological role of the misfolded intermediate.
Social bonds do not mediate the relationship between early adversity and adult glucocorticoids in wild baboons
Authors: Rosenbaum Stacy , Zeng Shuxi , Campos Fernando A. , Gesquiere Laurence R. , Altmann Jeanne , Alberts Susan C. , Li Fan , Archie Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
In humans and other social animals, early life adversity and weak social relationships can both alter adult stress responses. The causal connections between these variables are debated; resolving this debate requires data on all three variables in the same individuals. Here, we unite these components in wild female baboons. We find that early adversity elevates adult females’ glucocorticoid levels, one measure of the stress response. This effect was largely explained by the direct effect of early adversity on glucocorticoids and was not mediated by poor social relationships in adulthood. Hence, early adversity and adult social relationships appear to have independent effects on adult stress responses.
The creative cliff illusion
Authors: Lucas Brian J. , Nordgren Loran F. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceCreativity research across the social sciences seeks to elucidate factors that enhance and stifle creativity. We demonstrate that people systematically misunderstand their own creativity across an ideation session. Eight studies found that people expect their creativity to decline across an ideation session when it, in fact, tends to improve or persist (we call this misprediction the creative cliff illusion). These beliefs are consequential because they lead people to undervalue ideation: They exhibit less task persistence and lower creative performance. This research documents a fundamental disconnect between people’s beliefs and the reality of how creativity emerges over time. It demonstrates the value of understanding creativity beliefs and has implications for facilitating creativity in individuals and their organizations and institutions.
Convergent evolution of processivity in bacterial and fungal cellulases
Authors: Uchiyama Taku , Uchihashi Takayuki , Nakamura Akihiko , Watanabe Hiroki , Kaneko Satoshi , Samejima Masahiro , Igarashi Kiyohiko 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Some cellulases exhibit “processivity”: the ability to degrade crystalline cellulose through successive hydrolytic catalytic reactions without the release of the enzyme from the substrate surface. We previously observed the movement of fungal processive cellulases by high-speed atomic force microscopy, and here, we use the same technique to directly observe the processive movement of bacterial cellobiohydrolases settling a long-standing controversy. Although fungal and bacterial processive cellulases have completely different protein folds, they have evolved to acquire processivity through the same strategy of adding subsites to extend the substrate-binding site and forming a tunnel-like active site by increasing the number of loops covering the active site. This represents an example of protein-level convergent evolution to acquire the same functions from different ancestors.
Interpreting emoji pragmatics
Authors: Dainas Ashley R. , Herring Susan C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes the methods and the overall findings of
the Understanding Emoji Survey, which we administered online in early 2018 to
determine how social media users interpret the pragmatic functions of popular emoji
types in the discourse context of comments posted to public Facebook groups. The
findings generally validate Herring and Dainas’s
(2017) taxonomy of graphicon functions for emoji, although survey
respondents (n = 523) overwhelmingly preferred one function,
tone modification, over the others. Moreover, preferred
interpretations of pragmatic function varied according to emoji type. Based on these
findings, we argue for the importance of analyzing emoji meaning from the
perspective of pragmatics.
Inviting a purchase
Authors: Xie Chaoqun , Tong Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study investigates the pragmatic strategies and
effects of self-presentation performance in a social selling context either by way
of status updates or through group chat in WeChat, a popular social networking
platform in China. Drawing on Goffman’s (1959, 1974, 1981) outstanding research on
self-presentation, frame, and footing, as well as Page’s (2010a, 2010b, 2012, 2018) exploration in digital narrative, this chapter
analyzes data collected from WeChat Moments and WeChat chat logs to uncover their
staged authenticity and the relative social value that it entails. The results of
our analysis of both screen data and user data show that the meticulously
intertwined and multimodally presented communicative acts of social selling on this
particular social platform are the outcome of frame-shifting and frame-overlapping
strategies on the one hand and highly crafted staged authenticity on the other.
A study on how cultural and gender parameters affect emoticon distribution,
usage and frequency in American and Japanese online discourse
Authors: Kavanagh Barry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study attempts to understand how cultural and gender
parameters affect emoticon distribution, usage and frequency in American and
Japanese online discourse. From a corpus of American and Japanese personal blog
comments of over 45,000 sentences and data from interviews with bloggers, emoticon
function, usage and frequency were compared across gender and cross-culturally. In
addition, an examination of how emoticons interact with the linguistic text and
other unconventional means of communication such as unconventional phonetic
spelling, was also given consideration.
Effects of annealing temperature on the structure, morphology, and photocatalytic properties of SnO2/rGO nanocomposites
Authors: Tuan Pham Van , Hieu Le Trung , Hoang Chu Manh , Tuong Hoang Ba , Tan Vu Thi , Hoa Tran Thi Quynh , Sang Nguyen Xuan , Khiem Tran Ngoc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWater pollution abatement is a problem in today’s society that requires urgent attention. Moreover, photocatalysts are an effective method to treat environmental pollution, and SnO2/reduced graphene oxide composite photocatalysts have been extensively studied in recent years. The synthesis parameters for these photocatalysts significantly affect their morphologies, structures, and properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of annealing temperatures on the properties of SnO2/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites, which were hydrothermally fabricated at 180 °C for 24 h and annealed at 200 °C–800 °C. The structural characteristics of the fabricated nanocomposites were studied via x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Raman scattering analyses. The observed results indicated that increasing the annealing temperature from 200 °C to 800 °C increased the average SnO2nanoparticle size from 4.60 nm to 9.27 nm; in addition, the Raman scattering peaks of the SnO2increased, and those of the reduced graphene oxide significantly decreased as the annealing temperature was increased. Furthermore, the specific surface area of the samples decreased due to the increase in calcination temperature. The amount of reduced graphene oxide content in all the samples was measured using thermo-gravimetric analysis. The optical properties of the samples were studied using ltraviolet–visible absorption spectra, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by decomposing methylene blue under visible light using the samples as catalysts. In particular, the photocatalytic properties of nanocomposites decreased significantly with increasing annealing temperature. Among the samples, the photocatalytic activity of that annealed at 200 °C is most satisfactory as it has the smallest particle size and the largest specific surface area. The results of our research could facilitate the production of efficient catalysts with suitable properties.
Inverse design of light–matter interactions in macroscopic QED
Authors: Bennett Robert , Buhmann Stefan Yoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Inverse design represents a paradigm shift in the development of nanophotonic devices, where optimal geometries and materials are discovered by an algorithm rather than symmetry considerations or intuition. Here we present a very general formulation of inverse design that is applicable to atomic interactions in external environments, and derive from this some explicit formulae for optimisation of spontaneous decay rates, Casimir–Polder forces and resonant energy transfer. Using Purcell enhancement of the latter as a simple example, we employ finite-difference time-domain techniques in a proof-of-principle demonstration of our formula, finding enhancement of the rate many orders of magnitude larger than a selection of traditional designs.
Visible stripe phases in spin–orbital-angular-momentum coupled Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Chiu N-C , Kawaguchi Y , Yip S-K , Lin Y-J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently, stripe phases in spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) have attracted much attention since they are identified as supersolid phases. In this paper, we exploit experimentally reachable parameters and show that annular stripe phases with large stripe spacing and high stripe contrast can be achieved in spin–orbital-angular-momentum coupled (SOAMC) BECs. In addition to using Gross–Pitaevskii numerical simulations, we develop a variational ansatz that captures the essential interaction effects to first order, which are not present in the ansatz employed in previous literature. Our work should open the possibility towards directly observing stripe phases in SOAMC BECs in experiments.
Massless limit of transport theory for massive Fermions *
Authors: Guo Xingyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We studied the m = 0 limit of different components of Wigner functions for massive fermions. Comparing with the chiral kinetic theory, we separated the vanishing and non-vanishing parts of vector and axial-vector components, up to the first order of

. Then, we discussed the possible physical meaning of the vanishing and non-vanishing parts and their different behaviors at thermal equilibrium.
A compact analytical approximation for a light sterile neutrino oscillation in matter *
Authors: Yue Bao-Biao , Li Wei , Ling Jia-Jie , Xu Fan-Rong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The existence of light sterile neutrinos is a long-standing question in particle physics. Several experimental “anomalies” might be explained by introducing eV mass scaled light sterile neutrinos. Many experiments are actively searching for such light sterile neutrinos through neutrino oscillation. For long baseline experiments, the matter effect should be treated carefully for precise calculation of the neutrino oscillation probabilities. However, this is usually time-consuming or analytically complex. In this manuscript, we adopt a Jacobi-like method to diagonalize the Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix and derive analytically simplified neutrino oscillation probabilities for 3 (active) + 1 (sterile)-neutrino mixing for a constant matter density. These approximations can reach a considerably high numerical accuracy while retaining their analytical simplicity and fast computing speed. This would be useful for current and future long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.
The Thomas theorem and the Efimov States within a generalized Bohr model
Authors: Zheng H , Bonasera A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Using a generalized Bohr model and the hyper-spherical formalism for a three-body system, we derive the universal energy functions. We apply our model to 4He atom where only the Coulomb potential is dominant and find that its binding energy is well reproduced (less than 5.5% difference). Later, we focus on the equal mass three-body systems and derive the Thomas theorem assuming a simple interaction depending on the range of the potential. We discuss the conditions for which an unbound two-body system produces a bound three-body system and apply our model to 4He and triton atoms as well as to the triton nucleus. Using their scattering lengths and effective ranges, we are able to reproduce the two-body or the three-body binding energies (less than 5% difference) with only one parameter fitted. Prediction for excited (Efimov) levels are also given and in particular we demonstrate that for some hyper-angles two equal minima appear which indicate a phase (shape) transition similar to the Landau’s theory of phase transition. We suggest that the observed excited levels in two different experiments for the triton nucleus are indeed Efimov levels and there may be more surprises.
The fundamental theorem of simple harmonic functions
Authors: Arekat Safwan 
Published: August 2020

The defining relation for a one-dimensional real-valued simple harmonic function designated as

c
i
n
e

\ cine

(pronounced “scene” and symbolized

c
i
n

(
x
)

cin\left (x\right )

) is introduced as

d

d
x

c
i
n

(
x
)

=
c
i
n

(
x
+
p
)

\frac {d}{dx}cin\left (x\right )=cin\left (x+p\right )

. It is theorized that this definition of the derivative as the function itself translated on the real line by a certain positive number

p
p

is a sufficient condition for proving that

c
i
n

(
x
)

cin\left (x\right )

also satisfies the one-dimensional oscillator equation

d
2

d

x
2

c
i
n

(
x
)

=
−

c
i
n

(
x
)

\frac {d^2}{dx^2}cin\left (x\right )=-\ cin\left (x\right )

. A proof of this hypothesis is provided by establishing the continuity, differential, and boundedness properties of

c
i
n

(
x
)

cin\left (x\right )

and all of its higher-order derivatives and antiderivatives, while relying critically on Roe’s characterization of the sine function. The

c
i
n
e

cine

function enables the adoption of independent non-circular definitions of the trigonometric functions

s
i
n
e

sine

and

c
o
s
i
n
e

cosine

. The properties of

c
i
n
e

cine

are investigated, and trigonometric symmetries and identities are derived directly from the defining relation and its corollaries. A formulation for the unique solution of the function is proposed. Several useful operational theorems are stated and proved. The function is applied to solve problems in trigonometry and physics.