bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GIS approaches to creating maps based on vegetation indices for forest management
Authors: Savchenko Y Y , Goleva O G , Korchagina I A , Lobanova Y S , Borzhikov T S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article considers the main approaches to providing information support for improving forest management on the territory, taking into account the most up-to-date experience, modern approaches and implementing sustainable forestry management based on the data of remote sensing and geoinformational modelling. To identify the state of vegetation in the area under analysis, the authors of the article propose to introduce the definition of a normalized differential vegetation index. A characteristic feature of vegetation and its state is spectral reflectivity, which is characterized by substantial differences in reflecting radiation from different wavelengths. To obtain the necessary MODIS packages, we used the LAADS DAAC service supported by NASA. The data of this service are freely accessible, convenient for the user, and they are taken from a large number of satellites and their spectra. The optimal option for solving the tasks of compiling NDVI maps is using the geographic information system QGIS. Among the main advantages of this GIS we can consider user-friendliness and its multi-platform basis. For proper visualization of the NDVI map, a special discrete scale of values is used, the purpose of which is to differentiate between organic and non-organic nature, as well as determine the density of vegetation. The introduction of the proposed technology will significantly increase the mobility and effectiveness of forest management.
Ecological state of surface waters of rivers in industrial cities
Authors: Senotrusova S V , Svinukhov V G , Zhoglitcheva V V , Kurgaeva O L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper analyzes the chemical composition of the surface waters of a river flowing through an industrial city. Samples were taken in the Ussuri River, flowing through the city of Lesozavodsk. Four factors were derived that describe 78% of the variance of the variables. The first factor is associated with elements such as oxygen, BOD5 (Biological Oxygen Demand in 5 days), NH4, Fe, as well as phenols. Oil products and SSAS (Synthetic Surface-Active Substance) stood out in the second factor. The third factor is related to COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and NO3. Suspension and copper stood out as the fourth factor.
Import substitution as encouragement method of industrial production of Volgograd region
Authors: Shor Inna M , Shor Dmitriy M , Shelestova Dildarahon A , Batmanova Victoria V , Galamyan Lyubov I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The import substitution development which contributes to the encouragement of national industrial production under foreign sanctions is capable of providing the sustainability of enterprises in Russian regions. Herewith the measures which are taken today for the import substitution encouragement do not allow fully displaying the potential of its stimulating constituent. The goal of the research is the development of measures for import substitution growth as a method of import production in Volgograd region. The system approach, statistical analysis and dialectical method were used during the research. Volgograd region was taken as the example and the modern situation in import subsitution was analyzed. The SWOT analysis of industrial enterprises was conducted what allowed presenting the measures aimed at import subsitution growth as a method of encouragement of regional industrial enterprises. The authors made the conclusion about the necessity of an optimal combination of import substitution and export orientation which was based on the creation and development of enterprises which are focused on the world practice and which are profitable in global competition. This allows eliminating a number of drawbacks of import substitution which deal with the problem of a limited volume of the domestic market, construction of new industrial facilities, optimization of production processes, reduction of the monopolism, illegal economy and corruption.
Human gait modeling method
Authors: Sivolobov S V , Khoperskov A V , Bumagin V V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article deals with problem of human gait modelling. Human gait analysis is used for various human identification tasks and for various purposes in medicine. Lagrange equations of the second kind in many research are used to model gait. We use a model of an anthropomorphic mechanism of five links to describe human movements. The mathematical model is implemented in the form of software that uses input data on the kinematics of a real gait. An important result of the study is the creation of an algorithm for calculating model parameters that best reproduce the gait of a particular person. Our approach is based on the application of a genetic algorithm to minimize a new special objective function, which depends on discrete generalized coordinates that depend on time. The dynamic picture significantly improves the quality of the model, which is able to reproduce the subtle features of the human gait.
Development of automation and virtualization instruments for the housing and utility services system
Authors: Toporov Dmitry Andreevich 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The rationale of the research topic is determined by the importance of public administration instruments for the housing and utility services sector in the country. In this article, we considered theoretical and practical aspects of modern electronic technology used to improve the public administration of H&U and the principal trends in their development. We analyzed the “Smart H&U” system: its content, targets, value, advantages, along with the current practice of implementing this project and its results. We detailed the concept of the state information system for H&U (SIS H&U) and studied the legal foundations of the creation and operation of SIS H&U. We analyzed the importance of the state information system for ensuring the openness, accessibility and transparency of activities in the housing and utility services sector. The author listed the prospects and advantages of this system.
Intelligent decision support for information protection system’s design
Authors: Vitenburg E A , Nikishova A V , Umnitsyn M Yu , Omelchenko T A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article defines the need to protect enterprise information systems. To ensure the security of enterprise information system, depending on the stage of a life cycle, it is necessary to design, control and upgrade the information protection system. We propose the approach to designing enterprise information system’s protection based on the method of intelligent decision support, which uses a neural network. To do so we form the mathematical model of intelligent decision support for designing of enterprise information system’s protection. It takes into account the data of monitoring and analysis of security events.
Optimizing cargo delivery employing vehicles of different carrying capacity
Authors: Volchkov V M , Korolyash V A , Rayushkin E S , Soloveva O U , Shvedov E G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Consider the problem of mathematical modeling. Making optimal use of vehicles of different carrying capacity can help minimize delivery costs. This article presents the models for finding the optimal delivery solution for ring roads and pendulum routes. The models were created for several car parks (depot) with vehicles of various carrying capacity. We also have taken into consideration that some routes are unavailable for particular types of transport.
Research and Engineering at Academic Institutions as LPP Factor: Russia Case Study
Authors: Yudina N V , Seliverstova O A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Language policy and planning (LPP) is an increasingly broad field today dealing with a number of complicated issues of utmost importance for the sustainable development of society in general and local communities in particular. In this view, it is necessary to create an efficient network and structure of actors all working towards the same goals. The paper seeks to explore the role of academic institutions as LPP actors with a focus on international cooperation in research and engineering as a major factor that impacts academic LPP at micro-level and shapes foreign language acquisition agenda at the macro-level. The paper presents a case study focused on Russian LPP and considers its current concerns and solutions.
Accessibility of urban and rural environment of the Kola North of Russia (Murmansk region) for disabled people
Authors: Zhigunova G V , Afonkina Yu A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In today’s Russian society, people with disabilities cannot successfully join society because of the existing social barriers in various spheres of activity. As a result, they have limited access to social resources and a higher social status. In this regard, ensuring the independent life of disabled people is an urgent task for Russian society. The present research aims at identifying the level of accessibility of the social environment in the North of Russia for people with disabilities. Research methods are represented with general scientific methods of cognition, analysis of scientific literature, regulatory documents, data of secondary sociological research, and results of the method of observation conducted by the authors in 2018-2019. The analysis showed that today there are social barriers in all spheres of activity, and the level of infrastructure’s accessibility in rural settlements is much worse than in urban environment. The obtained results can be used in urban planning and social practice with the aim to transform the social environment and ensure its accessibility for people with disabilities.
Steam oxidation behavior of Y-bearing cladding tube with aluminizing coating
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Hong Zhiyuan , Yang Jiabao , Chen Yingxue , Zeng Xian , Yan Qingzhi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A kind of Y-bearing ferritic/martensitic fuel cladding tube with qualified dimensions, acceptable mechanical properties as well as good flattening and flaring performance was manufactured recently by our group. In this paper, to improve and further evaluate its oxidation resistance, the cladding tube was aluminized firstly and then subjected to high temperature steam oxidation at 1200 °C for 8 h. The results indicated that aluminizing coating with gradient content of Al was prepared on the tube successfully. And the matrix microstructure was transformed from tempered martensite into ferrite during aluminizing. Weight gains after high temperature steam oxidation were 72.7 and 1.48 mg cm−2 for the bare and aluminized tubes, respectively. The latter one exhibited better oxidation resistance due to the generated dense aluminum oxide film. Meanwhile, Kirkendall pores were formed near oxidation surface and should be eliminated for the real application of the aluminized tube in the future.
Jump or kink: on super-efficiency in segmented linear regression breakpoint estimation
Authors: Chen Yining 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe consider the problem of segmented linear regression with a single breakpoint, with the focus on estimating the location of the breakpoint. If $n$ is the sample size, we show that the global minimax convergence rate for this problem in terms of the mean absolute error is $O(n^{-1/3})$. On the other hand, we demonstrate the construction of a super-efficient estimator that achieves the pointwise convergence rate of either $O(n^{-1})$ or $O(n^{-1/2})$ for every fixed parameter value, depending on whether the structural change is a jump or a kink. The implications of this example and a potential remedy are discussed.
The Need for Culturally Competent Care Within Gastroenterology Services: Evidence from Research with Adults of South Asian Origin Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Mukherjee Suzanne , Beresford Bryony , Atkin Karl , Sebastian Shaji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIt is widely acknowledged that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is rising within South Asian populations, yet research into the experiences of this group of patients is rare. In this study the lived experiences of UK South Asian adults with IBD, including support from gastroenterology services, was investigated.MethodsA sample of 33 patients representing the diversity of the UK South Asian population were recruited through five gastroenterology clinics in England. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using the Framework approach.ResultsAlthough many experiences align with those of the general IBD population, participants believed that South Asian cultures and/or religions can lead to additional challenges. These are linked to: family and friends’ understanding of IBD; self and family attributions regarding IBD; stigma surrounding ill health; the taboo of bowel symptoms; managing ‘spicy food’; beliefs about food and ill health; roles within the family; living with extended family; the use of complementary and alternative therapies; and visits to family overseas. Religious faith helped many to cope with having IBD, but symptoms could hamper their ability to practise faith. Gastroenterology services were viewed positively, but unmet needs were identified, some of which were culturally specific.ConclusionGastroenterology services have an important role to play in helping patients to overcome the challenges they encounter in their everyday life, both by providing individual patients with culturally appropriate care and advice, and via interventions to increase awareness and understanding of IBD within wider South Asian communities.
Prokaryotic names: the bold and the beautiful
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
In recent years, names of ∼170 new genera and ∼1020 new species were added annually to the list of prokaryotic names with standing in the nomenclature. These names were formed in accordance with the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Most of these names are not very interesting as specific epithets and word elements from existing names are repeatedly recycled. The rules of the Code provide many opportunities to create names in far more original ways. A survey of the lists of names of genera and species of prokaryotes shows that there is no lack of interesting names. The annotated selection presented here proves that at least some authors have exploited the possibilities allowed by the rules of the Code to name novel organisms in ways that are more attractive. I here call upon all colleagues who describe new taxa to devote more thought to the naming of new genera and species. It takes some effort, and it requires proper use of the lexicon of Classical Greek and Latin as well as an understanding of the Code and the guidelines of its orthography appendix. Creation of attractive names will boost the general interest in prokaryotic nomenclature.
A Comprehensive Multi-Omic Approach Reveals a Relatively Simple Venom in a Diet Generalist, the Northern Short-Tailed Shrew, Blarina brevicauda
Authors: Hanf Zachery R , Chavez Andreas S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Animals that use venom to feed on a wide diversity of prey may evolve a complex mixture of toxins to target a variety of physiological processes and prey-defense mechanisms. Blarina brevicauda, the northern short-tailed shrew, is one of few venomous mammals, and is also known to eat evolutionarily divergent prey. Despite their complex diet, earlier proteomic and transcriptomic studies of this shrew’s venom have only identified two venom proteins. Here, we investigated with comprehensive molecular approaches whether B. brevicauda venom is more complex than previously understood. We generated de novo assemblies of a B. brevicauda genome and submaxillary-gland transcriptome, as well as sequenced the salivary proteome. Our findings show that B. brevicauda’s venom composition is simple relative to their broad diet and is likely limited to seven proteins from six gene families. Additionally, we explored expression levels and rate of evolution of these venom genes and the origins of key duplications that led to toxin neofunctionalization. We also found three proteins that may be involved in endogenous self-defense. The possible synergism of the toxins suggests that vertebrate prey may be the main target of the venom. Further functional assays for all venom proteins on both vertebrate and invertebrate prey would provide further insight into the ecological relevance of venom in this species.
Machine Learning in Aging: An Example of Developing Prediction Models for Serious Fall Injury in Older Adults
Authors: Speiser Jaime Lynn , Callahan Kathryn E , Houston Denise K , Fanning Jason , Gill Thomas M , Guralnik Jack M , Newman Anne B , Pahor Marco , Rejeski W Jack , Miller Michael E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Advances in computational algorithms and the availability of large datasets with clinically relevant characteristics provide an opportunity to develop machine learning prediction models to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of older adults. Some studies have employed machine learning methods for prediction modeling, but skepticism of these methods remains due to lack of reproducibility and difficulty in understanding the complex algorithms that underlie models. We aim to provide an overview of two common machine learning methods: decision tree and random forest. We focus on these methods because they provide a high degree of interpretability.

Method
We discuss the underlying algorithms of decision tree and random forest methods and present a tutorial for developing prediction models for serious fall injury using data from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study.

Results
Decision tree is a machine learning method that produces a model resembling a flow chart. Random forest consists of a collection of many decision trees whose results are aggregated. In the tutorial example, we discuss evaluation metrics and interpretation for these models. Illustrated using data from the LIFE study, prediction models for serious fall injury were moderate at best (area under the receiver operating curve of 0.54 for decision tree and 0.66 for random forest).

Conclusions
Machine learning methods offer an alternative to traditional approaches for modeling outcomes in aging, but their use should be justified and output should be carefully described. Models should be assessed by clinical experts to ensure compatibility with clinical practice.
Effect of rare coding variants in the CFI gene on Factor I expression levels
Authors: de Jong Sarah , Volokhina Elena B , de Breuk Anita , Nilsson Sara C , de Jong Eiko K , van der Kar Nicole C A J , Bakker Bjorn , Hoyng Carel B , van den Heuvel Lambert P , Blom Anna M , den Hollander Anneke I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Factor I (FI) is one of the main inhibitors of complement activity, and numerous rare coding variants have been reported in patients with age-related macular degeneration, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. Since many of these variants are of unknown clinical significance, this study aimed to determine the effect of rare coding variants in the complement factor I (CFI) gene on FI expression. We measured FI levels in plasma samples of carriers of rare coding variants and in vitro in the supernatants of epithelial cells expressing recombinant FI. FI levels were measured in 177 plasma samples of 155 individuals, carrying 24 different rare coding variants in CFI. In carriers of the variants p.Gly119Arg, p.Leu131Arg, p.Gly188Ala and c.772G&gt;A (r.685_773del), significantly reduced FI plasma levels were detected. Furthermore, recombinant FI expression levels were determined for 126 rare coding variants. Of these variants 68 (54%) resulted in significantly reduced FI expression in supernatant compared to wildtype (WT). The recombinant protein expression levels correlated significantly with the FI level in plasma of carriers of CFI variants. In this study, we performed the most comprehensive FI expression level analysis of rare coding variants in CFI to date. More than half of CFI variants lead to reduced FI expression, which might impair complement regulation in vivo. Our study will aid the interpretation of rare coding CFI variants identified in clinical practice, which is in particular important in light of patient inclusion in ongoing clinical trials for CFI gene supplementation in AMD.
Grand Challenges in Comparative Tooth Biology
Authors: Hulsey C Darrin , Cohen Karly E , Johanson Zerina , Karagic Nidal , Meyer Axel , Miller Craig T , Sadier Alexa , Summers Adam P , Fraser Gareth J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTeeth are a model system for integrating developmental genomics, functional morphology, and evolution. We are at the cusp of being able to address many open issues in comparative tooth biology and we outline several of these newly tractable and exciting research directions. Like never before, technological advances and methodological approaches are allowing us to investigate the developmental machinery of vertebrates and discover both conserved and excitingly novel mechanisms of diversification. Additionally, studies of the great diversity of soft tissues, replacement teeth, and non-trophic functions of teeth are providing new insights into dental diversity. Finally, we highlight several emerging model groups of organisms that are at the forefront of increasing our appreciation of the mechanisms underlying tooth diversification.
Reproduction Within a Hierarchical Society from a Female’s Perspective
Authors: Holekamp Kay E , Strauss Eli D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reproductive biology of many female mammals is affected by their social environment and their interactions with conspecifics. In mammalian societies structured by linear dominance hierarchies, such as that of the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), a female’s social rank can have profound effects on both her reproductive success and her longevity. In this species, social rank determines priority of access to food, which is the resource limiting reproduction. Due largely to rank-related variation in access to food, reproduction from the perspective of a female spotted hyena can only be understood in the context of her position in the social hierarchy. In this review, we examine the effects of rank on the various phases of reproduction, from mating to weaning. Summed over many individual reproductive lifespans, the effect of rank at these different reproductive phases leads to dramatic rank-related variation in fitness among females and their lineages. Finally, we ask why females reproduce socially despite these apparent costs of group living to low-ranking females. Gregariousness enhances the fitness of females regardless of their positions in the social hierarchy, and females attempting to survive and reproduce without clanmates lose all their offspring. The positive effects of gregariousness appear to result from having female allies, both kin and non-kin, who cooperate to advertise and defend a shared territory, acquire, and defend food resources, maintain the status quo, and occasionally also to rise in social rank.