bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the contribution of Fc-mediated effector functions to the antiviral activity of anti–HIV-1 IgG1 antibodies in vivo
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Gajjar Mili R. , Yu Jian , Padte Neal N. , Gettie Agegnehu , Blanchard James L. , Russell-Lodrigue Kasi , Liao Laura E. , Perelson Alan S. , Huang Yaoxing , Ho David D. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceVirus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been tested for the treatment or prevention of HIV-1 infection. Such an antibody can block virus infectivity and mediate killing of virus-infected cells by Fc-mediated effector functions. The relative contributions of these two antibody activities in vivo have not been quantified previously. By quantitatively analyzing results from experiments conducted in HIV-1–infected humanized mice and SHIV-infected rhesus macaques, we have determined that Fc-mediated effector functions contribute about 25–45% to the total antiviral activity of the anti–HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies tested.
Using lengthwise scaling to compare feature frequencies across text lengths on Reddit
Authors: Liimatta Aatu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Texts of different lengths can be difficult to compare using quantitative methods. This is particularly true if many of the texts are extremely short, as is commonly the case with social media comments, where the median text length may be only a few dozen words. In this paper, I explore lengthwise scaling, that is, scaling applied to each text length separately, as a possible approach for getting around some of the statistical problems caused by different text lengths and short texts. I describe two implementations of this family of methods, lengthwise rarity scaling and lengthwise quantile scaling. I show in an exploratory analysis that these scaling methods support earlier results in terms of register differences between Reddit subreddits.
Double trouble
Authors: Eberl Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Linguistic data from social media is often discussed in the light of constraints, be it due to character limits or the putatively short attention span of users. In November 2017, Twitter eased one such constraint, increasing the maximum length of tweets from 140 to 280 characters. The present longitudinal study shows that this change has had an effect on the linguistic surface structure of tweets, especially in regard to optional syntactical and metatextual features. I discuss the origin and nature of these changes and their relation to hard constraints of social media platforms in addition to highlighting the impact on methodological aspects of future longitudinal studies of Twitter data which may cover periods both before and after the switch.
Constructing corpora from images and text
Authors: Christiansen Alex , Dance William , Wild Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Visual analysis represents a significant oversight in the corpus literature, and possibly one that may lead to unintended omissions, particularly when analysing social media. In this chapter we introduce Visual Constituent Analysis (VCA), a method of multimodal corpus construction that allows researchers to construct and analyse visual aspects of online media in large-scale corpora. The chapter addresses the shortcomings of a purely textual approach to discourse analysis when dealing with social media texts and offers a solution using computer ‘Vision’-based image annotation (in our case Google Cloud Vision). Finally, we demonstrate how our approach can be used to analyse a sample of 150,000 micro-blog posts from Twitter and show the difference in level of user interaction with combined image/texts over language-only social media texts.
Influence of humidity, temperature and prestretch on the dielectric breakdown strength of silicone elastomer membranes for DEAs
Authors: Albuquerque Fabio Beco , Shea Herbert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Humidity, temperature and membrane prestretch influence the dielectric breakdown strength of elastomer membranes. These three factors thus also influence the maximum force and strain that dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) can generate, as the Maxwell pressure is proportional to the applied voltage squared, and limited by the breakdown field. We compared several commercial silicones, 10 to 25 µm thick under different equibiaxial prestretch conditions, for temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C and relative humidity from 10% to 90%, measuring both breakdown fields and mechanical properties in order to compute two figures of merit for DEAs. The silicone films all have breakdown strengths of order 100 V µm−1. Higher humidity (90% RH) leads to decreased dielectric breakdown strengths compared to lower humidity (10% RH): up to 43% reduction for prestretches of 1.3 and 1.5, but only 2% to 10% reduction for prestretch of 1.1. Higher prestretch leads to up to 50% higher breakdown field, but also leads to higher effective Young’s modulus due to strain stiffening. Higher temperatures (80 °C) lead to up to 30% lower breakdown voltages compared to lower temperatures (20 °C). Higher prestretch generally enhances the maximum Maxwell stress because of higher dielectric breakdown strength, but reduces the strain figure of merit owing to increased Young’s moduli at high prestretch. For silicone elastomers, Sylgard 184 shows the highest stress figures of merit and LSR 4305 the highest strain figures of merit. Data for VHB is also presented for comparison. This work allows identifying elastomers better suited to harsh environments, and to selecting operating voltages that enable safe operation for a wide range of environmental conditions.
Quantum ekpyrotic mechanism in Fermi-bounce curvaton cosmology *
Authors: Addazi Andrea , Marciano Antonino 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Within the context of the Fermi-bounce curvaton mechanism, we analyze the one-loop radiative corrections to the four-fermion interaction, generated by the non-dynamical torsion field in the Einstein-Cartan-Holst-Sciama-Kibble theory. We show that contributions that arise from the one-loop radiative corrections modify the energy-momentum tensor, mimicking an effective Ekpyrotic fluid contribution. Therefore, we call this effect quantum Ekpyrotic mechanism. This leads to the dynamical washing out of anisotropic contributions to the energy-momentum tensor, without introducing any new extra Ekpyrotic fluid. We discuss the stability of the bouncing mechanism and derive the renormalization group flow of the dimensional coupling constant ξ, checking whether any change of its sign takes place towards the bounce. This enforces the theoretical motivations in favor of the torsion curvaton bounce cosmology as an alternative candidate to the inflation paradigm.
Population scenarios for U.S. states consistent with shared socioeconomic pathways
Authors: Jiang Leiwen , O’Neill Brian C , Zoraghein Hamidreza , Dahlke Steve 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is a growing demand for subnational population projections for informing potential demographic influences on many aspects of society and the environment at the scale at which interactions occur and actions are taken. Existing US subnational population projections have not fully accounted for regional variations of demographic rates and therefore under-estimate the uncertainties in and heterogeneity of population trends. We present a first set of population projections for US states that span a wide but plausible range of population outcomes driven by changing state-level demographic rates consistent with the widely used SSP scenario framework. The projections are carried out for all 50 states integrated through bilateral gross migration flows. They update the original national-level SSP population projections based on recently available data and introduce more plausible assumptions on long-term international migration. We project a national population ranging from about 250–650 million by 2100, somewhat lower than the SSP projections due mainly to updated base year data. Utah and other states in the Rocky Mountain region see the largest increases in population in proportional terms, while the Northeast and Great Lakes regions see the slowest growth or most decline, along with individual states like Alaska, California, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Aging occurs in all states and scenarios, but is most prominent in the Northeast, Florida, and in some cases states in the West and the Great Lakes region. The relative contributions of fertility, mortality, and migration to population change varies substantially across states.
Community preparedness to flood disaster in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Noor Diyana F. A. , Fakhru’l-Razi A. , Aini M. S. , Ahmad Azan R. , Mohd Muhaimin R. W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Malaysia is a country that is affected by monsoonal floods yearly causing a significant amount of casualties, displacement of communities, damages to property and crops. The flood affects the community extensively and it is crucial for them to be prepared to reduce the risk faced in the event of a flood disaster. This study aims to determine the current level of flood preparedness amongst communities in Segamat, Johor as well as other contributing factors to preparedness such as attitude towards flood, risk perception, trust in agencies, sense of community and intention to prepare. A total of 22 villages were selected with the assistance of the District Office ensuring villages at risk were selected and a total of 150 self-administered questionnaires were distributed. Using descriptive analysis, the findings indicated that the other factors above were moderate to high and overall preparedness level was found to be moderately low. Measures taken by the respondents such as owning a first aid kit and financial preparedness such as purchasing property insurance and emergency savings were found to be much lower than other measures of preparedness.
Comparison of Rainfall Interpolation Methods in Langat River Basin
Authors: Hassim M , Yuzir A , Razali M N , Ros F C , Chow M F , Othman F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Rainfall is an element of climate that can be measured by a rain gauge. The rain gauge was set up for every station predefined by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia. One millimeter (mm) of rainfall means that within a square meter of a flat surface, water can be as high as one mm. In the hydrology model, the rainfall data is very important in order to predict the flood or assist in the disaster mitigation plan. In this case, the availability of complete rainfall data in a region is essential. By performing spatial interpolation, rainfall data can predict values from the empty data at each point. In this study, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), Simple Kriging (SK) and Kernel Smoothing (KS) method were considered in the rainfall interpolation for this area. Rainfall data at 20 points in Langat River Basin that obtained from DID Ampang for the period 2008–2017 were used as reference data. This study aimed to compare IDW, Kriging and Spline methods to obtain better interpolation methods. The interpolation is done by running a cross-validation using a geostatistical wizard in ArcGIS. The method effectiveness was evaluated by the calculation of mean error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Root mean Square Standardize Error (RMSSE) and Average Standard Error (ASE). For IDW method, only the ME and RMSE results are available. From the result, it can be seen that SK method outperforms the IDW, OK and KS method for these rainfall interpolations in Langat River Basin by showing better statistical evaluation.
Electrochemical removal of metoprolol using graphite-polyvinyl chloride composite as anode
Authors: Mussa Z H , Al-Qaim F F , Yuzir A , Shameli K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Metoprolol is one of pharmaceuticals that used for treatment of angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and hypertensionand. It was frequently detected in wastewater samples. The application of graphite-PVC composite as anode was investigated for the degradation of metoprolol in the presence of strong electrolytes such as NaCl. The removal was strongly influenced by initial concentrations of metoprolol, NaCl and applied voltage. An initial concentration of 10 mg/L was eliminated more than 90% after 60 min under optimum conditions. The consumption energy of the electrochemical reaction was 0.665 Wh/mg while it was 2.717 Wh/mg for metoprolol in 0.5 g and 0.1 g NaCl, respectively at 5 V. The degradation results were monitored using liquid chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry.
Nanocellulose production from natural and recyclable sources: A review
Authors: Noor S M , Anuar A N , Tamunaidu P , Goto M , Shameli K , Halim M H Ab 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth and is the chain of glucose residues that can be obtained easily from nature. Having unique material properties, nanocellulose has gained interest of researchers for various applications. Cellulose is generally known to exist in cell wall of a plant. However, this paper reviews the isolation of nanocellulose not only from plants, wood, and agroforestry residues, but also from recyclable sources paper waste and animals. With appropriate treatment and process (chemical, mechanical, and biological), reduction in diameter and length of cellulose up to nanoscale is possible. Nanocellulose may appear in its three main types namely cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and bacterial nanocelluloses. Transformation of waste to wealth by adding value to waste and natural sources has become a meaningful and interesting work.
Diatomite carrier for rapid formation of Aerobic Granular Sludge
Authors: Basri H F , Anuar A N , Yuzir Ali , Halim Mohd Hakim Ab 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a spherical compact sludge that has a lot of advantages such as great settling ability, high biomass level, good shock resistance and ability to withstand high organic loading rate (OLR) and toxic pollutants. However, it still has a major weakness that influences the low global reputation of AGS which is long granulation time. Therefore, a support material called diatomite which known for its unique characteristic is used in this study to speed up the granulation process in a pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for domestic wastewater treatment. The AGS was cultivated in a pilot bioreactor for 30 days and measured for its characteristic. The result indicates fast granulation with 18 days of AGS formation period. Moreover, SEM images shows the present of diatomite in the inner part of the mature granules and proved its function as a nucleation agent that accelerate the aggregation process. The developed granules demonstrate excellent strength and settleability with strength (IC: 17.42%), SVI of 68 mL/g SS and settling velocity (114 m h−1) respectively.
Spatial Multi-Criteria for Wetland Site Restoration: A Case Study in Senibong Johor
Authors: Wahab YF. , Taib SM. , Karim H. , Baslan N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Selecting sites for wetland can utilize a geographic information system (GIS) to assist in preliminary suitability analysis, in which sets of data can be quantified and aggregated to identify highly suitable wetland sites. Lunchoo River area are polluted at several points leads to the water pollution along the river and affect the source of income for Seletar people where improvement needed to avoid water pollution from becoming worse. This study focused on analyzing the land use along Lunchoo River using GIS analysis and locating the potential area for wetlands. Five sets of data were used in this suitability study, including hydrology, wetlands, soils, vegetation, and land use, all of which are key criteria for identifying suitable wetland sites. Methodology includes the creation of database, finding suitable location for the wetlands in a particular area using GIS analysis and types of wetlands suitable for particular location. Sampling location and non-point sources areas being map together with the results of water quality to show the class of water quality for each sampling station. The results of the site selection of wetland in Senibong Cove were overlay with the land use map to find whether the site selection is suitable for wetland area. Land use map is important to see the pattern around the sampling point which has high or low quality of water.
Application of carbon nanotubes and graphene to develop the heavy metal electrochemical sensor
Authors: Mustapa M A , Ambran Sumiaty , Yuzir Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are carbon-based materials with great potential for electrochemical sensing in various applications such as for the environmental, biological, and physical sensors. For environmental applications, the sensor used to detect heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), and other heavy metals that present in the water qualitatively and at the lowest limit of detection value. The uniqueness of their structures and chemical properties has attracted many researchers to develop carbon-based electrochemical sensors for environmental applications. These carbon materials are low-dimensional, thus providing the elevated aspect ratios and subsequently able to increase the sensitivity of the sensor probe. In the meantime, the graphene has its advantages in terms of its large surface area per unit volume to absorb and trap the molecules on the surface. In theory, the carbon atom is in the mid-range of electronegativity and can thus form a stable covalent bond with other molecules. These two materials are therefore consistent to bond with other functional groups such as amine, aldehyde, carboxyl, and thiol groups. All these functional groups can be functionalized with specific ligands or receptors for that particular heavy metal to provide specific and sensitive detection. Convenience in terms of their functionality, making them the center of attention as versatile platforms for functionalizing and designing an electrochemical sensor probe based on applications of concern. This paper focuses on reviewing carbon-based electrochemical sensors development to detect heavy metal in water for real-time monitoring of water quality, thus providing a brief overview of the sensor design reported previously.
Extreme wave loading on jacket structures
Authors: Cha J Y , Latheef M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Substructure load is sometimes the most concerned wave induced load exerting on jacket structures. In computing these loads, one of the most sensitive parameters is the characteristics of the waves hitting the structure. These waves which are usually modelled as regular waves, are in reality random in nature. The present study aims to quantify the changes on the substructure when nonlinear random waves are employed in the calculation of these forces. A simplified jacket structure located in a uni-directional wave field is considered in the present study. Also, in the computation of substructure loads, Morison’s equation is used. The wave loads simulated based on various wave theories are discussed in the present paper.
Opportunities in using visual IOT in the mitigation for peatland area
Authors: Suhaili W S , Yusop Y , Wan A T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Peatland cover over 400 million hectares of the Earth surface. It stores massive amount of carbon pool. They play major roles in accommodating the Earth global warming. But the logging activities from development agriculture site, and housing, has disturbed the ecosystem of peatlands habitat. Thus, urgent action from worldwide is required to protect and restore the peatlands. This includes raising the peat surface water level to avoid drying to mitigate fire. Canal blocking was done as one of the strategies to raise it. However, too high-water level might contribute to another problem, flooding. Hence, continuous monitoring is required to ensure the water level is maintained within the optimum level. This project explains the proposed system for water level detection on peatland areas using visual Internet of things (IoT). In addressing the power consumption issue a mechanism to enable power to be used only when necessary was introduced. This mechanism will only awake the camera when a certain threshold is reached and triggered the camera to capture the image. The proposed system includes the use of Raspberry Pi and camera as device to capture image with integration of Arduino to acquire sensors reading. The image is then processed and finally transmitted over cloud network. The outcome of this project produced camera-based water level detection prototype. The scope for this project is to highlights on Brunei peatland areas located at Badas, Brunei.
Dam Break Analysis of Temenggor Dam Using HEC-RAS
Authors: Shahrim M F , Ros F C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Embankment dam is commonly built in Malaysia as it provides benefits to the local population, mainly agricultural activity and flood control measures. However, its massive potential energy reservoir would impose risk of sudden containment breach leading to loss of life and property at inhabited downstream area. This paper deemed to provide a dam break analysis of Temenggor Dam to generate breach hydrograph and inundation map as a result of dam break event under piping and overtopping failure. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) is capable to model 1-dimensional (1-D) and 2-dimensional (2-D) dam failure event by utilizing hydrological and terrain information generating unsteady-state flow simulation of the dam breach. The process for gathering and preparing data, estimating breach parameters, creating one dimensional and two-dimensional unsteady-flow model in HEC-RAS, performing a dam failure analysis for two dam failure scenarios and mapping the flood propagation are outlined in this paper. From 1-D analysis, it is found that the breach flow of Temenggor Dam failure can achieve 281,588 m3/s for piping failure and 331,030 m3/s for overtopping failure. 2-D analysis’ breach flow attained 268,341 m3/s and 328,869 m3/s for piping and overtopping failure, respectively. Furthermore, the expected arrival time of flood wave at selected locations also presented in this paper. 1-D model produced comparable breach hydrograph result of Temenggor Dam against 2-D model with the advantage of significantly shorter simulation time requirement. However, 2-D model able to generate inundation map due to dam failure in wider area which can provide insight of flood hazard risk level and contribution for emergency action plan development.