bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isomerization of chlortetracycline in prairie wetland water
Authors: Cessna Allan J. , Kuchta Sandra L. , Bailey Jonathan , Waiser Marley , Tumber Vijay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChlortetracycline (CTC), an antimicrobial administered as a feed additive to cattle, swine, and poultry, is present in the corresponding manure. Land application of raw or processed (composted or stockpiled) manure provides a mechanism by which CTC (and other antimicrobials) enters the environment and becomes available for transport to surface receiving waters via rainfall or snowmelt runoff. Chlortetracycline has been detected in Canadian surface waters, but little has been reported on its fate in aquatic ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, the dissipation of CTC‐enol was monitored in deionized water and water typical of wetlands within the prairie region of Canada. In deionized water, CTC‐enol tautomerized to CTC‐keto, and both tautomers epimerized to 4‐epi‐CTC‐enol and 4‐epi‐CTC‐keto, respectively. Irreversible isomerization to iso‐CTC occurred, which then epimerized to 4‐epi‐iso‐CTC. In wetland water, although tauterization of CTC‐enol to CTC‐keto occurred, there was no evidence of the formation of the 4‐epimers of either CTC‐enol or CTC‐keto. The major product formed in the wetland water was iso‐CTC, some of which epimerized to 4‐epi‐iso‐CTC. Although CTC‐enol was shown to tautomerize to CTC‐keto, the concentration of CTC‐keto remained low in both deionized and wetland water, suggesting that the isomerization of CTC‐enol to iso‐CTC most likely occurred via CTC‐keto. The dissipation of CTC‐enol in wetland water was described by pseudo first‐order kinetics with a DT50 (time required for 50% dissipation) value of 4.8 h. The short DT50 value of CTC and reduced antimicrobial activity of iso‐CTC and 4‐epi‐iso‐CTC suggest a lower probability for selection for CTC‐resistant bacteria in Canadian Prairie aquatic ecosystems.
Identification and quantification of phospholipids in strawberry seeds and pulp (Fragaria × ananassa cv San Andreas) by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bianco Mariachiara , Calvano Cosima D. , Huseynli Lachin , Ventura Giovanni , Losito Ilario , Cataldi Tommaso R.I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn extensive characterization and quantification of intact phospholipids (PLs) in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv San Andreas) seed and pulp was carried out by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to either Fourier‐transform (FT) orbital‐trap or linear ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry (LIT‐MS/MS). More than 150 intact polar lipids including phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), phosphatidic acids (PAs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), and lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPEs) were identified in negative ESI mode. PC 18:2/18:2 and 18:2/18:3 were found to be the major components of strawberry lipid extracts at concentrations of 230 ± 36 and 189 ± 32 μg/g, respectively, in seeds and at concentrations of 330 ± 50 and 140 ± 22 μg/g, respectively, in pulp. The lipidic extracts of both strawberry seeds and pulp exhibited the dominance of LPC 16:0/0:0 at a content of 132 ± 19 and 114 ± 16 μg/g, respectively, and LPC 0:0/18:2 at 236 ± 20 and 150 ± 20 μg/g, respectively. The other most abundant species of strawberry seeds and pulp were PE 18:2/18:2, 40 ± 9 and 190 ± 40 μg/g, followed by PI 16:0/18:2, 51 ± 15 and 24 ± 8 μg/g, respectively, while PG, PA, and LPE show comparable abundance below 10 μg/g. The most recurrent fatty acyl substituents of PLs were C18:3 (α‐linolenic acid), C18:2 (linoleic acid), C18:1 (oleic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), C16:0 (palmitic acid), and relatively high contents of a shorter chain such as C14:0 (myristic acid).
Evaluation of optimal short‐term amoxicillin use for impacted lower third molar removal
Authors: Yamada Eiko , Kodama Yasumitsu , Shingaki Motoki , Nishikawa Atsushi , Yoshida Kensuke , Takagi Ritsuo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeAntibiotic use in impacted lower third molar removal is controversial, and surgical site infection (SSI) is a common postoperative complication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the duration of amoxicillin use and SSI in impacted lower third molar removal.Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients who had more than one impacted lower third molar removed in the outpatient setting and were prescribed amoxicillin for less than 48 hours between January 2016 and December 2018. Patients were stratified by duration of antibiotic use. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI. Other variables evaluated were demographics, pre‐ and post‐operative antibiotic use, pre‐ and intra‐operative variables, and tooth anatomy.ResultsIn a total 907 separate operations, amoxicillin was given preoperatively within 24 hours of surgery in 84/430 cases (17.6%). SSI occurred in eight cases (0.88%). After adjusting for differences between the two groups that used preoperative amoxicillin within 24 hours or over 24 hours and used amoxicillin preoperatively or postoperatively, no significant difference was seen in SSI. Bivariate analysis showed that only deeply impacted third molars were significantly associated with the development of SSI.ConclusionsThe result in this study suggests that amoxicillin use within 24 hours is adequate for prevention of SSI after impacted lower third molar removal. When considering the risk factors of SSI in each case, it is necessary to use antibiotics for an appropriate duration.
Compatibilization of immiscible blends of polypropylene and isosorbide containing copolyester with silica nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Ha Neul , Park Chang Kyu , Kim Ick Soo , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present study, compatibilization of immiscible blends of polymers was investigated based on the Pickering emulsion concept with various mixing procedures. Silica nanoparticles were incorporated into poly (1,4‐cyclohexanedimethylene isosorbide terephthalate) (PEICT)/isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends. Localization of nanoparticles was effectively modified by varying mixing procedures. Relocation of hydrophilic silica occurred in a secondary mixing procedure with the PEICT, which has relatively high affinity when primarily mixed with iPP. The final location of the silica nanoparticles was confirmed by SEM images. SEM and an optical microscope were used to follow morphological change. By simply changing the mixing procedure, the hydrophilic silica nanoparticles were able to perform the role of a morphology modifier successfully without modifying the surface characteristics. The mechanical properties and crystallization behavior were also compared depending on the surface characteristics of the silica nanoparticles and their final localization.
Minimally displaced acetabulum fractures in geriatric patients: a comparison of open, percutaneous and non-operative treatment from the German Pelvic Injury Register data
Authors: Ernstberger Helene , Pieroh Philipp , Höch Andreas , Josten Christoph , Herath Steven C. , Osterhoff Georg ,   Working Group on Pelvic Fractures of the German Trauma Society
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In elderly patients with minimally displaced acetabulum fractures, the patients’ inability to partially weight-bear and the need for early mobilisation may trigger the decision towards a treatment with higher primary stability. The purpose of this study was to compare open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), closed reduction and percutaneous fixation (CRPIF) and non-operative treatment in geriatric minimally displaced acetabulum fractures with regard to complications and quality of reduction.

Methods
Data from the prospective German Pelvic Injury Register collected between 2008 and 2018 were used to evaluate 608 geriatric patients with isolated minimally displaced (≤ 5 mm) acetabulum fractures. In total, 429 received non-operative treatment, 117 ORIF and 62 CRPIF. Demographics, injury severity, fracture pattern, complications and fracture displacement before and after treatment were analysed.

Results
Both operative methods reduced fracture gap displacement. CRPIF was associated with lower blood loss and shorter operative time compared to ORIF (p < 0.001). Hospital stay was 12.9 days in the non-operative group, 16.8 with CRPIF and 23.6 with ORIF (p < 0.001). Non-surgical general complications were more likely to occur following ORIF (22.2%) compared to CRPIF (8.1%) and non-operative treatment (8.4%, p < 0.001). The rate of surgical complications was not different for ORIF and CRPIF (p = 0.122)

Conclusion
Both operative treatments improve fracture displacement and joint congruency in elderly patients with minimally displaced acetabulum fractures. Compared to ORIF, CRPIF achieves similar quality of reduction but is associated with fewer complications, smaller intraoperative blood loss, shorter operative time and shorter length of hospital stay.
There is more to this fever than meets the eye: A case of neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome (NMLS) secondary to withdrawal of procyclidine and L-dopa on a background of long-standing flupenthixol depot use
Authors: Waqas S. , Talty M. , O’Keeffe S. , Flood J. , Doherty A. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis case report highlights the risk of development of Neuroleptic Malignant-Like Syndrome secondary to withdrawal of procyclidine with brief withdrawal of L-dopa and long-term typical antipsychotic depot. The patient responded to reintroduction of procyclidine, sedation and supportive treatment. The mechanism and management of NMS and NMLS is also reviewed. This case emphasises that any changes in antipsychotic and antiparkinsonian medications should be undertaken with extreme caution and patient should be closely monitored for development of NMLS after alteration in these medications.
Migration and dementia: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies in Europe
Authors: Selten Jean-Paul , Termorshuizen Fabian , van Sonsbeek Maarten , Bogers Jan , Schmand Ben 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo provide an overview of epidemiological studies of dementia among migrant groups in Europe and to estimate their pooled odds ratio (OR) v. the reference population.MethodsSearch for articles reporting on incidence or prevalence of dementia among ethnic minorities and migrants in Europe, published before 21 December 2018. We performed several meta-analyses, using a random-effects model, and, when there was no evidence of heterogeneity, a fixed-effects model. We distinguished between all migrants, African-Europeans and Asian-Europeans.ResultsWe retrieved five population-based surveys and two health care record studies. The latter included one incidence study, the remainder were prevalence studies. The meta-analysis of all studies yielded a pooled OR, adjusted for age and sex, of 1.73 (95% CI 1.42–2.11) for dementia in all migrant groups. However, the pooled OR of population surveys (3.10; 95% CI 2.12–4.51) was significantly higher than that for the health care record studies (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.80–1.11). The pooled ORs for African-Europeans and Asian-Europeans, based on population surveys, were 2.54 (95% CI 1.70–3.80) and 5.36 (95% CI 2.78–10.31), respectively.ConclusionsThe discrepancy between health care record studies and population surveys suggests that many migrants remain undiagnosed. Migrants from Asia and Africa seem to be at significantly increased risk of dementia in Europe. Since the prevalence rates in their countries of origin are generally not higher than those for natives in Europe, there may be a parallel with the epidemiology of schizophrenia.
A Robust Operation: Resettling, Security, and Development in Late Colonial Angola (1960s–1970s)
Authors: Jerónimo Miguel Bandeira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe forced removal and resettlement of population was a main feature of late European colonialism, in Africa and elsewhere. Both were crucial to the formulation and enactment of securitarian projects and developmental schemes, and to their recurrent intersection and close interdependence. The repertoires of repressive developmentalism—the shaping of development strategies by securitarian concerns and the contamination of schemes of security by socioeconomic rationales—were diverse, inspiring the various authorities and guiding many specific operations on the ground. This text provides one telling example of these repertoires, the Operação Robusta (1969–1974), which entailed the forced removal of thousands of men, women, and children from the district of North Cuanza to the district of Zaire (both in the north of Angola, under Portuguese rule, and in the middle of an armed conflict that started in 1961), and was seen as a model for similar actions. Assessing the drives and the prospects associated with the operation, this text also addresses its violent dynamics and effects, namely the substantial separation of families, the meagre provision of welfare, and the intense processes of land expropriation.
Thermal Pressurization Weakening in Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Badt Nir Z. , Tullis Terry E. , Hirth Greg , Goldsby David L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThermal pressurization (TP) is expected to be a dominant frictional weakening mechanism during earthquakes. However, most of our understanding of TP relies on theoretical studies. Our experimental setup allows us to test the mechanical response of experimental faults under elevated confining and pore pressures in the laboratory using a rotary‐shear apparatus. We observe dynamic weakening by TP of water‐saturated faults in Frederick diabase sliding at subseismic slip rates of 2.5–5 mm/s under an effective normal stress of 25–50 MPa and effective confining pressure of 20–49 MPa. No other weakening mechanism is activated at these conditions in dry samples. The permeability of the samples is varied by heat treatment before each experiment, and the frictional behavior is tested by velocity‐stepping experiments. Dynamic weakening was investigated after both low and high total fault displacements. For low‐displacement samples: (1) the magnitude and rate of weakening increase as the sample permeability decreases and (2) frictional heating is limited during sliding. These observations are consistent with the expected behavior of TP from theory. Weakening of high‐displacement samples is similar in magnitude to low‐displacement faults, but with slower rates of weakening and less dilation. The difference in weakening of the high‐displacement samples may reflect changes in pore compressibility in the fault zone, which would have a significant effect on the frictional response during TP. The activation of TP at modest slip rates in these experiments supports the hypothesis that TP is an active, and likely dominant, dynamic weakening mechanism during earthquakes in the early stages of slip.
PAM3 protects against DSS-induced colitis by altering the M2:M1 ratio
Authors: Horuluoglu Begum H. , Kayraklioglu Neslihan , Tross Debra , Klinman Dennis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInflammation of the gastrointestinal tract contributes to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Human IBD is modeled by administering dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to mice. In humans and mice, inflammatory M1 macrophages contribute to the progression of IBD whereas immunosuppressive M2 macrophages protect against colitis. The TLR2/1 agonist PAM3CSK4 (PAM3) induces human and murine monocytes to differentiate into immunosuppressive M2 macrophages, suggesting that PAM3 might be of benefit in the prevention/treatment of colitis. PAM3 was therefore administered to mice treated with DSS. As hypothesized, the number of M2 macrophages rose and disease severity decreased. The critical role of M2 macrophages in this process was established by transferring purified M2 macrophages from PAM3 treated control donors into DSS recipients and reducing colitis. These findings suggest that PAM3 may represent a novel approach to the treatment of human IBD.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) für die Behandlung von Knochenmetastasen beim oligometastasierten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Sage Eva Katharina , Vogel Marco M. E. , Dewes Sabrina , Devecka Michal , Eiber Matthias , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Combs Stephanie E. , Schiller Kilian 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die lokale Strahlentherapie von Metastasen bei Prostatakarzinompatienten in der oligometastasierten Situation hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Um die Wirkung auf das Outcome weiter zu evaluieren haben wir oligometastasierte Prostatakarzinompatienten, die eine stereotaktische Strahlentherapie (SBRT) von Knochenmetastasen erhielten, untersucht.
Patienten und Methodik Es wurden 24 Patienten mit insgesamt 30 Knochenmetastasen eingeschlossen und das Ansprechen auf die SBRT (biochemisch und bildgebend) sowie das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Zeitintervall bis zum Beginn einer antihormonellen Therapie (aHT) untersucht.
Ergebnisse Das mittlere Follow-Up-Intervall nach Abschluss der SBRT lag bei 32,7 Monaten (1,4 – 84 Monate). Die SBRT wurde ohne das Auftreten von Akut- oder Spät-Nebenwirkungen sehr gut vertragen. Bei 16 Patienten kam es zu einem Abfall des PSA-Wertes von im Mittel 4,58 ng/ml (0,05 – 50,25 ng/ml) vor der SBRT auf 1,19 ng/ml (0,01 – 8,85 ng/ml) nach Abschluss der SBRT. Das mittlere biochemische progressionsfreie Überleben dieser Patienten betrug 17,6 Monate (0,7 – 85,0 Monate). 6 Patienten erhielten bereits vor der SBRT oder parallel dazu eine aHT. Bei 10 Patienten wurde die aHT nach einem mittleren Intervall von 20,6 Monaten (1,8 – 85,0 Monate) nach Abschluss der SBRT initiiert, während weitere 6 Patienten keine aHT während des gesamten Beobachtungszeitraumes erhielten. Bei 18 der 30 Metastasen konnte im Bereich der SBRT im PSMA-PET eine Abnahme der PSMA-Expression im Sinne eines partiellen funktionellen Ansprechens beobachtet werden, während bei 5 Patienten nach SBRT eine gleichbleibende PSMA-Überexpression bestand und bei 7 Patienten keine PSMA-Bildgebung vorlag. Bei 17 Patienten kam es im Mittel nach 16,2 Monaten (1,6 – 40,6 Monate) bildgebend zum Progress der Fernmetastasierung, während 3 Patienten ein Lokalrezidiv in der Prostataloge zeigten.
Zusammenfassung Die SBRT von Knochenmetastasen bei oligometastasierten Prostatakarzinompatienten stellt eine effektive und gut verträgliche Therapie dar, durch die eine hohe lokale Kontrolle im Bereich der Metastasen sowie eine zeitliche Verzögerung des Beginns oder der Eskalation einer Systemtherapie erzielt werden kann. Jedoch zeigt die hohe Rate an Progression der Fernmetastasierung die Wichtigkeit der richtigen Patientenselektion auf und ggf. die Notwendigkeit der Kombination mit einer aHT.
Exploring the binding pocket of quinone/inhibitors in mitochondrial respiratory complex I by chemical biology approaches
Authors: Murai Masatoshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (respiratory complex I) is a key player in mitochondrial energy metabolism. The enzyme couples electron transfer from NADH to quinone with the translocation of protons across the membrane, providing a major proton-motive force that drives ATP synthesis. Recently, X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy provided further insights into the structure and functions of the enzyme. However, little is known about the mechanism of quinone reduction, which is a crucial step in the energy coupling process. A variety of complex I inhibitors targeting the quinone-binding site have been indispensable tools for mechanistic studies on the enzyme. Using biorationally designed inhibitor probes, the author has accumulated a large amount of experimental data characterizing the actions of complex I inhibitors. On the basis of comprehensive interpretations of the data, the author reviews the structural features of the binding pocket of quinone/inhibitors in bovine mitochondrial complex I.

Abbreviations
ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BODIPY: boron dipyrromethene; complex I: proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase; DIBO: dibenzocyclooctyne; EM: electron microscopy; FeS: iron-sulfur; FMN: flavin adenine mononucleotide; LDT: ligand-directed tosylate; NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SMP: submitochondrial particle; TAMRA: 6-carboxy-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylrhodamine; THF: tetrahydrofuran; TMH: transmembrane helix
Photorespiration—how is it regulated and how does it regulate overall plant metabolism?
Authors: Timm Stefan , Hagemann Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Under the current atmospheric conditions, oxygenic photosynthesis requires photorespiration to operate. In the presence of low CO2/O2 ratios, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) performs an oxygenase side reaction, leading to the formation of high amounts of 2-phosphoglycolate during illumination. Given that 2-phosphoglycolate is a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic carbon fixation, it must be immediately removed through photorespiration. The core photorespiratory cycle is orchestrated across three interacting subcellular compartments, namely chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria, and thus cross-talks with a multitude of other cellular processes. Over the past years, the metabolic interaction of photorespiration and photosynthetic CO2 fixation has attracted major interest because research has demonstrated the enhancement of C3 photosynthesis and growth through the genetic manipulation of photorespiration. However, to optimize future engineering approaches, it is also essential to improve our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of photorespiration. Here, we summarize recent progress regarding the steps that control carbon flux in photorespiration, eventually involving regulatory proteins and metabolites. In this regard, both genetic engineering and the identification of various layers of regulation point to glycine decarboxylase as the key enzyme to regulate and adjust the photorespiratory carbon flow. Potential implications of the regulation of photorespiration for acclimation to environmental changes along with open questions are also discussed.
From print to digital: A web edition of Giacomo Leopardi’s Idilli
Authors: Giuffrida Milena , Italia Paola , Nieddu Simone , Schmidt Desmond 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although most would agree that the future of the scholarly edition lies in the digital medium, it is the print scholarly edition that is still more often cited and read. The production of digital scholarly editions (DSEs) is still seen as an experimental field whose methodology has not yet settled to the extent that a digital editing project can be approached with the same confidence as the making of a print edition. This article describes an experimental conversion of a print scholarly edition—Giacomo Leopardi’s Idilli by Paola Italia (2008)—into a DSE. This posed a challenge due to the complexity of its internal evidence, but was also relatively short and suitable for an experimental edition. Our objective was to assimilate into a web-based DSE all the information contained in the text and apparatus of the print edition. We also sought to discover whether the making of a DSE today that could fully utilize the affordances of the web, would necessarily place a significant technical load on editors who are more accustomed to solving textual problems. We review briefly a number of generic tools for making DSEs and describe two attempts at making our own DSE of Leopardi’s Idilli: a wiki edition whose primary purpose was pedagogical and a DSE based on the software used to make the Charles Harpur Critical Archive (Eggert, 2019, Charles Harpur Critical Archive.http://charles-harpur.org). We compare these experiences and draw conclusions about the prospects of making DSEs today.