bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SPICE Sub-Circuit Model for Backward Diode
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Fengxia , Lozowski Andy G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Backward diode and tunnel diode were formerly used in communication systems and now considered obsolete. Recently, because of their ultra-low threshold voltage at reverse bias condition, the backward diode is used as a rectifier diode for ultra-low power energy harvester. Unfortunately, there are few models available for SPICE simulation or any other computation analysis. The challenge of modeling backward diode and tunnel diode is their negative differential resistance (NDR) and result in a high probability of having numerical instabilities. This paper will first investigate several available mathematical models such as the polynomial model and Ray’s Empirical model, then, a less complex SPICE model based on discrete components sub-circuit will be proposed. All the unknown parameters of this proposed model are optimized based on measurement data using the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. This discrete SPICE model can be easily modified to model other elements with similar negative resistance behavior.
Novel Design of a 3T2R 5-DOF Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Yang Zhongxing , Zhang Dan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A novel 5-DOF 3T2R parallel manipulator is designed with chains in perpendicular planes. The synthesis is based on motion sets intersection and disseminated Chebychev-Grübler-Kutzbach formula. A boundary offset method is developed to detect link interference. Multi-objective optimization is practiced on the design for improved performances. Stiffness based on oriented platform coordinate is developed. This paper also discusses the potential applications of the design.
Design of a New Fully Compliant Translational Joint via Straight-Line Motion Mechanism Based Method
Authors: García Sonia C. , Gallego-Sanchez Juan A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A Compliant Translational Joint (CTJ) is designed via Straight-Line Motion Mechanism Method. The designed CTJ is based on the Pseudo-Rigid-Body-Model (PRBM) of a modified Scott-Russell Mechanism. The precision of the straight-line motion of the rigid-body mechanism adjusts to a straight-line to a 99.6% while the compliant version adjusts to a 99.9%. The novelty of the design is given by the way the CTJ is designed, the performance of the CTJ is achieved by mirroring the mechanism about an axis tangent to the path of the mechanism and that passes through the initial position of the coupler point at the symmetry axis of the path. The CTJ motion is predicted by the PRBM. The force-displacement relations and the frequency modes of the CTJ are analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA).
Extended Camus Theory and Higher Order Conjugated Curves
Authors: Chan Cody Leeheng , Ting Kwun-Lon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
According to Camus’ theorem, for a single DOF 3-body system with the three instant centers staying coincident, a point embedded on a body traces a pair of conjugated curves on the other two bodies. This paper discusses a fundamental issue not addressed in Camus’ theorem in the context of higher order curvature theory. Following the Aronhold-Kennedy theorem, in a single degree-of-freedom three-body system, the three instant centers must lie on a straight line. This paper proposes that if the line of the three instant centers is stationary (i.e. slide along itself), on the line of the instant centers a point embedded on a body traces a pair of conjugated curves on the other two bodies. Another case is that if the line of the three instant centers rotate about a stationary point, the stationary point embedded on the body also traces a pair of conjugated curves on the other two bodies. The paper demonstrates the use of instantaneous invariants to synthesize such a three-body system leading to a conjugate curve-pair generation. It is a supplement or extension of the Camus’ theorem. The Camus’ theorem may be regarded as a special singular case, in which all three instant centers are coincident.
Numerical Analysis of Quasi-Static Out-of-Plane Compression of Miura-Ori Patterned Sheets
Authors: Xiang Xinmei , Lu Guoxing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, quasi-static out-of-plane compression behaviors of Miura-ori patterned sheets were investigated numerically by using finite element analysis (FEA). The simulation results show a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the parametric analysis of the Miura-ori patterned sheets with different cell wall thicknesses, side lengths, dihedral angles and sector angles were carried out using FEA method. The influences of different parameters on the peak force and mean force were determined.
Digital Twins for Space Factory 4.0
Authors: Weber Martins Thiago , Anderl Reiner 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aiming the rapid response of mega constellation of satellites to cover the increasing demand for Earth observation and communication, in-orbit manufacturing is a promising approach. Driven by the NewSpace, which is leading a paradigm change in the space industry, the project Space Factory 4.0 has been founded to establish new processes and technologies based on the Industrie 4.0 approaches for rapid satellite assembly on an in-orbit platform. One of its fundamental approaches and the main contribution of this paper is the Digital Twins. In the scope of a Space Factory 4.0, the Digital Twin is a holistic approach for supporting and controlling systems for in-orbit Assembly, Integration, and Test processes, as well as satellite operations, by establishing a bidirectional link to its physical counterpart. It is an essential approach to obtain a digital representation of the current state of the real product at any time, enabling the recognition of and reaction to disruptive parameters at an early stage. To model Digital Twins and to meet the specific requirements of a Space Factory 4.0, such as the capability of sending telecommands and processing telemetry data, an extension of Industrie 4.0 component, called Space Factory 4.0 component, is proposed. This paper discusses this concept, its implementation and the results obtained and concludes to discuss its benefits and potentials for the space industry.
On the Geometry of Stiffness and Compliance Under Concatenation
Authors: Kim Charles J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Eigentwists and eigenwrenches capture the stationary stiffness behavior of compliant mechanisms and can be related to a mechanism’s primary kinematic behavior. The nature of concatenation of multiple mechanism building blocks is not well-understood. In this paper, we consider the mechanics of concatenation and develop design rules that capture the geometric nature of concatenation in terms of eigenwrenches and eigentwists. The rules are illustrated through mechanisms from the literature. The design rules have potential to provide intelligent guidance for systematic building block synthesis of compliant mechanisms.
A Novel Autonomous Scaled Electric Combat Vehicle
Authors: Tan Aaron Hao , Lang Haoxiang , El-Gindy Moustafa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Current literature pertaining to multi-steerable mobile platforms and the progression of military vehicles in the past few decades suggest a lack of effort in pursuing advanced technologies in this joint area. As a result, a novel 1:6 scaled electric combat vehicle prototype that features eight independently driven and steerable wheels is designed and developed in this paper. The intent is to create a scaled model for future autonomous vehicle navigation and control research in off road terrains. Starting with the mechanical design, this paper discusses the details of the chassis, suspension, driving and steering systems development. The electronics necessary for vehicle actuation is implemented with custom nodes and topics created for hardware communication within the Robot Operating System (ROS). Lastly, path planning and obstacle avoidance abilities are implemented to achieve autonomous navigation. The result of this work is a fully functional and instrumented robotic platform with a modular software architecture. Vehicle design analysis, performance and autonomous navigation abilities are experimentally tested with promising results.
A Transient Model of Inductrack Dynamic Systems
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Yang Bingen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As a new approach to magnetic levitation by permanent magnet envisioned in 1990s, the concept of Inductrack has been applied to designs of various Maglev systems, including rocket launchers, Maglev trains, and the Hyperloop system as a conceptual future transportation tool. In such a system, the interaction forces between the source and induced magnetic fields are motion-coupled, and inevitably complicated with transient responses. Most previous investigations have mainly relied on the assumptions of ideal magnetic field, steady-state response and averaged magnetic force. Although these analyses provide some useful information for system design, due to limited understanding of the magnetic field-motion coupling and transient responses, they cannot predict the dynamic behaviors of an Inductrack system with fidelity and accuracy. Presented in this paper is a new transient model of Inductrack dynamic systems that is derived from fundamental physics laws, with the interactions of magnetic forces and motion in consideration. In the development, a state space representation of the transient model is established for numerical simulations. As verified in numerical examples, a benchmark 2-DOF transient model not only is able to reproduce the “steady-state” results reported in the literature, but also can exhibit the transient behaviors of Inductrack systems in longitudinal and vertical motion, which otherwise may not be possible by the existing models. The modeling approach presented in this paper is extendible to multi-degree-of-freedom (M-DOF) cases and it provides a foundation for stability analyses and feedback control of Inductrack systems.
A Literature Review: Solving Constrained Non-Linear Bi-Level Optimization Problems With Classical Methods
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Hoyle Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bi-level optimization is an emerging scope of research which consists of two optimization problems, where the lower-level optimization problem is nested into the upper-level problem as a constraint. Bi-level programming has gained much attention recently for practical applications. Bi-level Programming Problems (BLPP) can be solved with classical and heuristic optimization methods. However, applying heuristic methods, though easier to formulate for realistic complex design, are likely to be too computationally expensive for solving bi-level problems, especially when the problem has high function evaluation cost associated with handling large number of constraint functions. Thus, classical approaches are investigated in this paper. As we present, there appears to be no universally best classical method for solving any kind of NP-hard BLPP problem in terms of accuracy to finding true optimal solutions and minimal computational costs. This could cause a dilemma to the researcher in choosing an appropriate classical approach to solve a BLPP in different domains and levels of complexities. Therefore, this motivates us to provide a detailed literature review and a comparative study of the work done to date on applying different classical approaches in solving constrained non-linear, bi-level optimization problems considering continuous design variables and no discontinuity in functions.
Numerical Investigation on the Mixed Lubrication Performance of Water-Lubricated Coupled Journal and Thrust Bearings
Authors: Han Yanfeng , Xiang Guo , Wang Jiaxu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mixed lubrication performance of water-lubricated coupled journal and thrust bearing (simplified as coupled bearing) is investigated by a developed numerical model. To ensure the continuity of hydrodynamic pressure and flow at the common boundary between the journal and thrust bearing, the conformal transformation is introduced to unify the solution domain of the Reynolds equation. In the presented study, the coupled effects between the journal and thrust bearing are discussed. The effects of the thrust bearing geometric film thickness on the mixed lubrication performance, including the load capacity, contact load and friction coefficient, of the journal bearing are investigated. And the effects of the journal bearing eccentricity ratio on the mixed lubrication performance of the thrust bearing are also investigated. The simulated results indicate the mutual effects between the journal and thrust bearing cannot be ignored in the coupled bearing system. The increasing thrust bearing geometric film thickness generates a decrease in load capacity of journal bearing. There exists an optimal eccentricity ratio of journal bearing that yields the minimum friction coefficient of the thrust bearing.
Fully Turbulent Vortex-Induced Vibration on a Cylinder Structure With a Nonlinear Energy Sink Absorber
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Xiao Qing , Ma Lei , Zhu Weijun , Abbas Laith K. , Rui Xiaoting 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The fully turbulent vortex induced vibration (VIV) suppression of a circular cylinder through a nonlinear energy sink (NES) having linear damping and nonlinear cubic stiffness is investigated numerically. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is carried out to calculate the fluid field, while a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to calculating the nonlinear structure dynamics of flow-cylinder-NES coupled system. The fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is validated against VIV experimental data for a cylinder in a uniform flow. The simulation results show that placing an NES structure with suitable parameters inside of the cylinder structure achieves a good VIV amplitudes’ suppression effect and narrows the “lock-in” region.
Regenerative Cutting Dynamics for a Periodically Forced Machine-Tool System
Authors: Xing Siyuan , Luo Albert C. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear, regenerative, orthogonal cutting system with a weak periodic oscillation of workpiece is considered. Period-1 motions in such a system are studied through a semi-analytical method, and the corresponding stability and bifurcations of the period-1 motions are analyzed via the eigenvalue analysis. The vibration of machine-tool varying with excitation is studied, and excitation effects on machine-tool chatters are discussed. Numerical simulations of unstable and stable period-1 motions are completed from analytical predictions. The machine-tool chatter can emerge from the saddle-node or Neimark bifurcation of period-1 motions.
Efficient Development of Continuum/Compliant Planar Linkage Mechanisms
Authors: Suh Woo Rib , McCarthy J. Michael , Peraza Hernandez Edwin A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a method to develop continuum/compliant mechanisms based on planar bar-node linkage precursors. The method takes as inputs the initial node positions and connectivity data of a given bar-node linkage and converts it into a continuum/compliant mechanism having the same targeted motion. The line bars of the given bar-node linkage are thickened into trapezoidal planar members and the nodes are thickened by introducing fillets at each intersection of bars. The thicknesses of the bars and the shape parameters of the fillets in the continuum/compliant linkage are optimized to obtain the same targeted motion of the given bar-node linkage while keeping stresses below a maximum allowable value. Each design generated during the optimization process is evaluated using finite element analysis. The present method allows for the synthesis of mechanisms having the following advantages over conventional bar-node linkages: 1) They do not require complex ball or pin joints; 2) they can be readily 3-D printed and size-scaled, and 3) they can be optimized to decrease stresses below a maximum allowable value. Furthermore, the method uses a relatively small number of optimization variables (thicknesses of the members, shape-parameters of the fillets), making it an efficient alternative to more complex and computationally intensive methods for synthesizing compliant mechanisms such as those incorporating topology optimization.
The Effects of Locus of Control and Big Five Personality Traits on Collaborative Engineering Design Tasks With Negotiation
Authors: Avşar Alkım Z. , Valencia-Romero Ambrosio , Grogan Paul T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Collaborative systems design is a human-centered activity dependent on individual decision-making processes. Personality traits have been found to influence individual behaviors and tendencies to compete or cooperate. This paper investigates the effects of Big Five and Locus of Control personality traits on negotiated outcomes of a simplified collaborative engineering design task. Secondary data includes results from short-form personality inventories and outcomes of pair design tasks. The data includes ten sessions of four participants each, where each participant completes a sequence of 12 pair tasks involving design space exploration and negotiation. Regression analysis shows a statistically-significant relationship between Big Five and Locus of Control and total individual value accumulated across the 12 design tasks. Results show the Big Five, aggregating extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and intellect/imagination to a single factor, negatively affects individual value and internal Locus of Control positively affects individual value. Future work should consider a dedicated experiment to refine understanding of how personality traits influence collaborative systems design and propose interventions to improve collaborative design processes.
Laboratory Experiment of Slide Drilling Tool-Face Control Based on Model Similarity Theory
Authors: Zhong Xiaoyu , Chen Kaidong , Cheng Zaibin , Lu Yingjie , Lu Qiuhai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Slide drilling is widely used in directional drilling because of its lower cost, but the tool-face adjustment during the drilling process is almost completed by the driller, and the automatic control has not yet been realized. The main difficulty is that the drill string system has a large amount of contact and friction with the wellbore. Moreover, it is also affected by the viscous force of the mud fluid, which brings more difficulty to achieve accurate dynamic model. Considering that the actual drilling is too costly, it is necessary to establish an indoor experimental system to simulate the response of the slide drilling tool-face, thus providing an experimental platform for the research of the control method. In this paper, the dynamic equation of the torsion process of the drill pipe is established. According to the model similarity theory, the similarity condition of parameters and scale correspondence between the experimental model and the drilling prototype are obtained, which provides the basis for selection of simulated drill pipe and mud. Then the expert PID method is used to realize the automatic tool-face control based on the laboratory experimental system. The experimental results show that the expert PID method can obtain better control effect rather than the traditional PID method, and it could be used in the actual slide drilling because of the dynamic similarity.
Regular 2D and 3D Linkage-Based Origami Tessellations
Authors: Yellowhorse Alden D. , Howell Larry L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Linkage origami is one effective approach for addressing stiffness and accommodating panels of finite size in origami models and tessellations. However, successfully implementing linkage origami in tessellations can be challenging. In this work, multiple theorems are presented that provide criteria for designing origami units or cells that can be assembled into arbitrarily large tessellations. The application of these theorems is demonstrated through examples of tessellations in two and three dimensions.
Complexity Reduction in Mass Customization to Facilitate Better Decision Support
Authors: Banerjee Jai Nath , Mundale Madhura , Sachche Adnan , McComb Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mass customization provides a way to satisfy an increasing number of customers by tailoring product details to their preferences. Moreover, there is a considerable amount of pressure on industries that embrace mass customization in their product portfolios to consistently produce innovative and market defining technology. To ease this pressure, this study offers organizations a perspective on what combination of attributes is most influential on choice when approaching decision support for the purchase of a Configure-to-Order product. Laptops are used here as a case study, but the approach is generalizable to any family of products. This approach first uses metrics gained from a modified conjoint analysis applied to data gathered from a student consumer base. Customer satisfaction is measured as a function of how many product offerings are provided, identifying and quantifying a trade-off between customizability and consumer satisfaction. This aims to cater to the requirements of the consumer base and key business advantages allowing for greater usability and maximum profits.
On the End-Point Deflection of Static Balanced Manipulators With Various Spring Configurations
Authors: Jhuang Chi-Shiun , Chen Dar-Zen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presented the accumulation deflection of manipulator with different spring configuration. Spring configurations achieve perfect static balance but they are different in deflection. Assuming the axial deflection is enough smaller than bending deflection and negligible; deflection is small and the link is rigid. Based on gravitational and elastic matrix, for most effective balancing, attachment angles of a spring are determined as four types (90, 0), (270, 90), (0,0) and (180,180). Attachment lengths of a spring are determined by magnitude of gravitational energy. Then, spring force, reaction force and deflection are determined. For illustrated examples, a given manipulator with configuration 4-1 S23 (180,180), S23 (0,0) and 4-2 S34 (180,180), S34 (0,0), the accumulation deflection in global workspace and maximum, minimum and RMS accumulation deflection are presented. In conclusion, the spring configuration 4-1 with S23 (180,180) is the best choice for designers.
On the Deployment of Multistable Kresling Origami-Inspired Structures
Authors: Kidambi Narayanan , Wang K. W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Origami designs have attracted significant attention from researchers seeking to develop new types of deployable structures due to their ability to undergo large and complex yet predictable shape changes. The Kresling pattern, which is based on a natural accumulation of folds and creases during the twist-buckling of a thin-walled cylinder, offers a great example for the design of deployable systems that expand uniaxially into tubes or booms. However, much remains to be understood regarding the characteristics of Kresling-based deployable systems, and their dynamics during the deployment process remain largely unexplored. Hence this research investigates the deployment of Kresling origami-inspired structures, employing a full six-degree-of-freedom truss-based model to study their dynamics under different conditions. Results show that tuning the initial rotation angle of a structure gives rise to several qualitatively distinct mechanical properties and stability characteristics, each of which has different implications for the design of the deployable systems. Dynamic analyses reveal the robustness of Kresling structures to out-of-axis perturbations while remaining compliant in the axial direction. These findings suggest that Kresling-based designs can form the basis for the development of new types of deployable structures and systems with tunable performance.