bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic and environmental factors associated with glaucoma in an African Ancestry Population: findings from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study
Authors: Mamidipaka Anusha , Shi Amy , Lee Roy , Zhu Yan , Chen Yineng , Di Rosa Isabel , Salowe Rebecca , Ying Gui-Shuang , O’Brien Joan M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, disproportionately affecting individuals of African ancestry. Limited research has examined the impact of neighbourhood quality and socioeconomic factors on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) risk in this population. This study aims to address these gaps by evaluating associations between ocular health and neighbourhood characteristics using geospatial data.

Subjects/Methods
We conducted a case-control study with 5192 African ancestry individuals from the Philadelphia area using data from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. Geocoded U.S. Census data were merged with individual-level demographics and neighbourhood-level measures, including air quality, food accessibility, and socioeconomic indicators, to assess their association with glaucoma risk and severity.

Results
The study included 3039 controls (58.5%) and 2153 POAG cases (41.5%). Higher POAG risk was associated with older age (OR 1.72 per 10-year increase, p < 0.001), male gender (OR 2.04, p < 0.001), lower BMI (OR 0.87 per 10 kg/m2 increase, p = 0.003), and nonuse of alcohol (OR 0.56 for alcohol use, p < 0.001). Low food access was more common in controls (OR 0.86, p = 0.03), and severe POAG cases were associated with lower homeownership rates (OR 0.95 per 10% increase, p = 0.049). However, most socioeconomic and environmental factors (air quality, education, income, occupation, family structure) were not significantly linked to POAG risk or severity.

Conclusion
Socioeconomic status did not significantly protect against POAG in African ancestry individuals. Individual factors were more influential, suggesting neighbourhood and socioeconomic factors may have a lesser impact than previously hypothesised.
Mechanics of Drosophila wing deployment
Authors: Hadjaje Simon , Andrade-Silva Ignacio , Dalbe Marie-Julie , Clément Raphaël , Marthelot Joel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDuring their final transformation, insects emerge from the pupal case and deploy their wings within minutes. The wings deploy from a compact origami structure, to form a planar and rigid blade that allows the insect to fly. Deployment is powered by a rapid increase in internal pressure, and by the subsequent flow of hemolymph into the deployable wing structure. Using a combination of imaging techniques, we characterize the internal and external structure of the wing in Drosophila melanogaster, the unfolding kinematics at the organ scale, and the hemolymph flow during deployment. We find that, beyond the mere unfolding of the macroscopic folds, wing deployment also involves wing expansion, with the stretching of epithelial cells and the unwrinkling of the cuticle enveloping the wing. A quantitative computational model, incorporating mechanical measurements of the viscoelastic properties and microstructure of the wing, predicts the existence of an operating point for deployment and captures the dynamics of the process. This model shows that insects exploit material and geometric nonlinearities to achieve rapid and efficient reconfiguration of soft deployable structures.
Strong electron–phonon coupling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Chen Cheng , Nuckolls Kevin P. , Ding Shuhan , Miao Wangqian , Wong Dillon , Oh Myungchul , Lee Ryan L. , He Shanmei , Peng Cheng , Pei Ding , Li Yiwei , Hao Chenyue , Yan Haoran , Xiao Hanbo , Gao Han , Li Qiao , Zhang Shihao , Liu Jianpeng , He Lin , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Jozwiak Chris , Bostwick Aaron , Rotenberg Eli , Li Chu , Han Xu , Pan Ding , Liu Zhongkai , Dai Xi , Liu Chaoxing , Bernevig B. Andrei , Wang Yao , Yazdani Ali , Chen Yulin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe unusual properties of superconductivity in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG) have sparked considerable research interest1–13. However, despite the dedication of intensive experimental efforts and the proposal of several possible pairing mechanisms14–24, the origin of its superconductivity remains elusive. Here, by utilizing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometre spatial resolution, we reveal flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG, where MATBG is unaligned with its hexagonal boron nitride substrate11. These replicas show uniform energy spacing, approximately 150 ± 15 meV apart, indicative of strong electron–boson coupling. Strikingly, these replicas are absent in non-superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) systems, either when MATBG is aligned to hexagonal boron nitride or when TBG deviates from the magic angle. Calculations suggest that the formation of these flat-band replicas in superconducting MATBG are attributed to the strong coupling between flat-band electrons and an optical phonon mode at the graphene K point, facilitated by intervalley scattering. These findings, although they do not necessarily put electron–phonon coupling as the main driving force for the superconductivity in MATBG, unravel the electronic structure inherent in superconducting MATBG, thereby providing crucial information for understanding the unusual electronic landscape from which its superconductivity is derived.
Nanoscale imaging and control of altermagnetism in MnTe
Authors: Amin O. J. , Dal Din A. , Golias E. , Niu Y. , Zakharov A. , Fromage S. C. , Fields C. J. B. , Heywood S. L. , Cousins R. B. , Maccherozzi F. , Krempaský J. , Dil J. H. , Kriegner D. , Kiraly B. , Campion R. P. , Rushforth A. W. , Edmonds K. W. , Dhesi S. S. , Šmejkal L. , Jungwirth T. , Wadley P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanoscale detection and control of the magnetic order underpins a spectrum of condensed-matter research and device functionalities involving magnetism. The key principle involved is the breaking of time-reversal symmetry, which in ferromagnets is generated by an internal magnetization. However, the presence of a net magnetization limits device scalability and compatibility with phases, such as superconductors and topological insulators. Recently, altermagnetism has been proposed as a solution to these restrictions, as it shares the enabling time-reversal-symmetry-breaking characteristic of ferromagnetism, combined with the antiferromagnetic-like vanishing net magnetization1–4. So far, altermagnetic ordering has been inferred from spatially averaged probes4–19. Here we demonstrate nanoscale imaging of altermagnetic states from 100-nanometre-scale vortices and domain walls to 10-micrometre-scale single-domain states in manganese telluride (MnTe)2,7,9,14–16,18,20,21. We combine the time-reversal-symmetry-breaking sensitivity of X-ray magnetic circular dichroism12 with magnetic linear dichroism and photoemission electron microscopy to achieve maps of the local altermagnetic ordering vector. A variety of spin configurations are imposed using microstructure patterning and thermal cycling in magnetic fields. The demonstrated detection and controlled formation of altermagnetic spin configurations paves the way for future experimental studies across the theoretically predicted research landscape of altermagnetism, including unconventional spin-polarization phenomena, the interplay of altermagnetism with superconducting and topological phases, and highly scalable digital and neuromorphic spintronic devices3,14,22–24.
Self-organized patterning of crocodile head scales by compressive folding
Authors: Santos-Durán Gabriel N. , Cooper Rory L. , Jahanbakhsh Ebrahim , Timin Grigorii , Milinkovitch Michel C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAmniote integumentary appendages constitute a diverse group of micro-organs, including feathers, hair and scales. These structures typically develop as genetically controlled units1, the spatial patterning of which emerges from a self-organized chemical Turing system2,3 with integrated mechanical feedback4,5. The seemingly purely mechanical patterning of polygonal crocodile head scales provides an exception to this paradigm6. However, the nature and origin of the mechanical stress field driving this patterning remain unclear. Here, using precise in ovo intravenous injections of epidermal growth factor protein, we generate Nile crocodile embryos with substantially convoluted head skin, as well as hatchlings with smaller polygonal head scales resembling those of caimans. We then use light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to quantify embryonic tissue-layer geometry, collagen architecture and the spatial distribution of proliferating cells. Using these data, we build a phenomenological three-dimensional mechanical growth model that recapitulates both normal and experimentally modified patterning of crocodile head scales. Our experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that crocodile head scales self-organize through compressive folding, originating from near-homogeneous skin growth with differential stiffness of the dermis versus the epidermis. Our experiments and theoretical morphospace analyses indicate that variation in embryonic growth and material properties of skin layers provides a simple evolutionary mechanism that produces a diversity of head-scale patterns among crocodilian species.
In situ analysis reveals the TRiC duty cycle and PDCD5 as an open-state cofactor
Authors: Xing Huaipeng , Rosenkranz Remus R. E. , Rodriguez-Aliaga Piere , Lee Ting-Ting , Majtner Tomáš , Böhm Stefanie , Turoňová Beata , Frydman Judith , Beck Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ring-shaped chaperonin T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC; also known as chaperonin containing TCP-1, CCT) is an ATP-driven protein-folding machine that is essential for maintenance of cellular homeostasis1,2. Its dysfunction is related to cancer and neurodegenerative disease3,4. Despite its importance, how TRiC works in the cell remains unclear. Here we structurally analysed the architecture, conformational dynamics and spatial organization of the chaperonin TRiC in human cells using cryo-electron tomography. We resolved distinctive open, closed, substrate-bound and prefoldin-associated states of TRiC, and reconstructed its duty cycle in situ. The substrate-bound open and symmetrically closed TRiC states were equally abundant. Closed TRiC containing substrate forms distinctive clusters, indicative of spatial organization. Translation inhibition did not fundamentally change the distribution of duty cycle intermediates, but reduced substrate binding for all states as well as cluster formation. From our in-cell structures, we identified the programmed cell death protein 5 (PDCD5) as an interactor that specifically binds to almost all open but not closed TRiC, in a position that is compatible with both substrate and prefoldin binding. Our data support a model in which TRiC functions at near full occupancy to fold newly synthesized proteins inside cells. Defining the TRiC cycle and function inside cells lays the foundation to understand its dysfunction during cancer and neurodegeneration.
Aromatic ring-opening metathesis
Authors: Hutskalova Valeriia , Sparr Christof 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aromatic compounds are used across chemistry and materials science as a result of their stability, characteristic interactions, defined molecular shape and the numerous approaches for their synthesis by a diversity of cyclization reactions1. By contrast, the cleavage of inert aromatic carbon–carbon bonds remained largely unfeasible owing to the unfavourable energetics of disrupting aromaticity on ring opening. For non-aromatic structures, alkene metathesis catalysed by transition-metal alkylidenes is established as one of the most versatile carbon–carbon bond-forming and -breaking reactions2,3. However, despite remarkable advancements, strategies to open aromatic compounds by metathesis remain elusive4. Here we report aromatic ring-opening metathesis (ArROM) for the cleavage of aromatic rings, including tetraphene, naphthalene, indole, benzofuran and phenanthrenes, by using Schrock–Hoveyda molybdenum catalysts. The reactions for each ring system proceed through unique alkylidene intermediates. We further show the possibility for stereoselective ArROM with exquisite catalyst control over the configuration of atropisomers. ArROM is, therefore, a viable and efficient approach to catalytically transform and interconvert various aromatics without the requirement for any reagents or photoexcitation.
Can structure influence hydrovoltaic energy generation? Insights from the metallic 1T′ and semiconducting 2H phases of MoS2
Authors: Suvigya Kaushik , Lalita Saini , Sankar Siva Nemala , Capasso Andrea , Yeh Li-Hsien , Gopinadhan Kalon 
Published: December 2024

Hydrovoltaic power generation of 2.0 mW m−2 is achieved from the metallic 1T′, three orders higher than that from semiconducting 2H MoS2, owing to its structure and the presence of well-defined capillaries.
Spectrum‐sensing algorithm based on graph feature fusion
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Hu Guobing , Gu Bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGraph‐based spectrum sensing in noisy environments has major implications for civilian and military signal processing applications. However, existing algorithms suffer from high computational complexity and performance deterioration at low signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). Therefore, a spectrum‐sensing algorithm based on graph feature fusion using a quadratic form derived from self‐loop weights and the graph Laplacian matrix is proposed in this study. The sum of the first and second block maxima of the power spectrum of the observed signal is selected as the input to the graph converter. Self‐loop weights are combined with the Laplacian matrix to construct the graph quadratic form, which serves as the test statistic for decision‐making. By applying majorisation and the extreme value theory, it is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods. The simulation results confirm the robust spectrum‐sensing performance across various signal modulation types and pulse shapes. Thus, compared to existing algorithms, except block range‐ and energy‐detection‐based methods, the proposed algorithm demonstrates the best spectrum‐sensing performance under low SNRs and channel‐fading conditions, while achieving the lowest computational complexity. The proposed approach enables more efficient and accurate spectrum sensing, fostering advancements in communication technologies and defence applications.
Stellenwert körperlicher Aktivität und Messung körperlicher
Beweglichkeit bei Patienten mit axialer Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kiefer David , Kiltz Uta , Sewerin Philipp , Baraliakos Xenofon 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie axiale Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) ist eine chronische rheumatische Erkrankung,
die auf Grund von entzündlichen Prozessen und strukturellen Veränderungen im
Achsenskelett zu erheblichen Einschränkungen der körperlichen Funktionsfähigkeit
und der Beweglichkeit der Betroffenen führen kann. Neben der medikamentösen
Therapie spielt regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität eine zentrale Rolle im
Management der axSpA. Verschiedene Messmethoden wie der BASFI oder der BASMI
werden eingesetzt, um die körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit und Beweglichkeit zu
evaluieren. Leistungstests und moderne Technologien wie Tracker oder
elektronische Messmethoden bieten neue Ansätze zur objektiven und präzisen
Erfassung von körperlicher Aktivität und Bewegungsausmaß. Dieser
Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet die Bedeutung körperlicher Aktivität, aktueller
Messmethoden und innovativer Ansätze für die Behandlung von Patienten mit
axSpA.
Therapeutic Challenges in the Management of Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Edayattil Arathi , Vadakke Sanudev Sadanandan , Jabir Mohamed , NK Supriya , James Vivek Mathew , Ariyannur Prasanth S 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCollecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is a rare type of renal cell carcinoma. It is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. A 67-year-old man, during evaluation for hematuria, loss of appetite and weight loss, and flank pain, was found to have a left renal mass with lung and bone metastasis. He underwent a left radical nephrectomy, and histopathological examination confirmed CDC. He received palliative chemotherapy with carboplatin and gemcitabine. Computed tomography (CT) scan after three cycles showed partial response. Chemotherapy was stopped due to worsening renal function after five cycles. Immunohistochemical studies done for programmed cell death ligand 1(PDL1) SP263 and Her2 neu were negative. Next-generation sequencing for 75 therapeutically actionable gene panels showed loss of function mutation in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene. Missense mutations involving Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha gene (PDGFRA), FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), and Androgen receptor (AR) genes were reported as variants of unknown significance. No clinically relevant alterations were detected in liquid biopsy. Consequently, he was started on sunitinib. After 2 months, he developed brain metastasis and was treated with whole brain radiation therapy. Systemic therapy was changed to single-agent Nab-paclitaxel. After three cycles, he developed a cutaneous metastasis in the forearm and chemotherapy was changed to single-agent doxorubicin. After three cycles of doxorubicin, he succumbed to the disease. He survived for 16 months after diagnosis. The first-line treatment for metastatic CDC is chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. There is no established second-line treatment. In this era, next-generation sequencing for targetable genetic alterations can help us select the treatment for subsequent lines of therapy.
Relationship between food triggers and sensory hypersensitivity in patients with migraine
Authors: Vitali-Silva Aline , Bello Valéria Aparecida , Poli-Frederico Regina Célia , Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Coral de , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci , Bossa Beatriz Bagatim , Rezende Debora Villas Boas , Khouri Bárbara Ferreira , Silva-Néto Raimundo Pereira 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background The recognition of food as the trigger of attacks occurs in approximately 25% of individuals with migraine. However, differentiating migraine food triggers and prodrome symptoms is still a challenge.
Objective To understand the association of clinical characteristics of migraine with food triggers and to identify predictors of food triggers.
Methods Patients with migraine diagnosed according to the criteria of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) were evaluated for the presence or absence of food triggers.
Results In total, 502 patients with migraine were investigated, and they were divided into two groups: those with food triggers (58.4%) and those without food triggers (41.6%). The main food triggers were alcohol (44%), chocolate (42%), cheese (27.7%), excess carbohydrates (27.7%), coffee (21.8%), cold cuts (16%), and citrus fruits (11.9%). Aura and excessive use of analgesics were more frequent among patients with food triggers (p = 0.022). Photophobia and osmophobia were associated with the presence of a food trigger (p < 0.001). There was a greater impact of migraine in the presence of food triggers (p = 0.002). Through binary logistic regression, we identified clinical predictors of food triggers, such as photophobia and osmophobia.
Conclusion The presence of a food trigger was significantly associated with photophobia and osmophobia. Osmophobia might be another mechanism by which patients perceive foods as triggers for their migraine attacks.
Cyberflashing Lacan
Authors: Ramsey Sarah M. , Hook Derek W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe explore cyberflashing through the lens of Lacanian psychoanalysis, including such notions as anxiety, the gaze, Law, castration and disavowal. Many instances of cyberflashing qualify as a perverse act, an act which is driven by anxiety, and which involves inducing anxiety or jouissance (libidinal enjoyment) in another. Our account helps explain the repetitive nature of such acts in the face of negative reactions and despite their frequent failure to achieve what might be seen to be their more immediate aim (that of arousing the recipient of the message and encouraging them to have sex with the sender).
Spurious radiated power signal following massive material injections in JET and the effect of neutral gas pressure on resistive bolometers
Authors: Schoonheere N. , Reux C. , Meister H. , Beyer P. , Carvalho P. , Coffey I. , Lawson K. , Puglia P. , Sheikh U. ,   JET Contributors,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: December 2024

Massive material injections in the JET tokamak have been observed to substantially affect resistive bolometer measurements, resulting in a spurious radiated power signal proportional to the quantity injected and reaching up to 8 MW. These bolometers are calibrated and designed to operate in near vacuum but certain scenarios requiring large gas injections can push the neutral pressure past nominal values. This study demonstrates that the bolometry measurement can be affected at neutral pressures above 0.1 Pa following injections with standard gas valves, shattered pellet injections, and particularly massive gas injections. The power measurement of resistive bolometers is based on the temperature difference between a measurement sensor exposed to radiation and a shielded reference sensor. We employ a thermal conductivity model to demonstrate that the conduction through the gas and the distinct geometries between the sensors can affect their cooling efficiency. This additional cooling pathway, coupled with the Joule heating from the applied voltage causes the equilibrium temperatures of the sensors to diverge. Being the very basis of the measure, this temperature difference induces a signal that is erroneously interpreted as radiated power. Experiments show large discrepancies in the response to neutral pressure among bolometer channels, attributed to variations in channel physical parameters. Nonetheless, the modeled total radiated power reproduces the experimental measurements within an order of magnitude, affirming the sensitivity of resistive bolometers to neutral pressure and gas species.