bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Standardization of Narayana Churna—A Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation
Authors: Mangal Anupam K , Tomer Rinku , Jindal Heena , Dutta Sreya , Sharma Himanshu , Sharma Bhagwan S , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar S 
Published: April 2020

Aim:
The present study aims to develop pharmacognostical standards, standard operating procedure (SOP), and analytical profiling including physicochemical analysis of Narayana Churna, a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation.

Materials and methods:
The pharmacognostical (macroscopy, microscopy and powder drug analysis), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and quantitative physicochemical analysis including loss on drying, alcohol and water-soluble extractive values, total and acid-insoluble ash, and pH value were performed as per the standard procedures described in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). The microbial limit, aflatoxins, heavy metals and pesticide residues were also analyzed.

Results and discussion:

Narayana Churna is of grayish-brown color with a slightly pungent taste. The powder microscopy revealed the presence of pentagonal/hexagonal/polygonal cork cells, polygonal pale green endosperm, oval/polygonal/irregular shaped stone cells, elongated and flat-shaped bordered pitted vessels, pitted tracheids, annular vessels, unicellular covering trichomes, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, starch grains and oil globules. The TLC fingerprint was developed using toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (6:4:1) as the solvent system. The standardized limits of the physicochemical parameters, microbial count, aflatoxins, heavy metals and pesticide residues were also laid down.

Conclusion:
This is the first ever attempt made in order to develop the SOP and standardized parameters of Narayana Churna. Thus, the present study would be useful as the standardized reference protocol for the identification and standardization of this formulation.
Community Acquired Urosepsis: A surgical intensive care Experience
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Momin Umais , Atef Shible Ahmed , Al-Musalmani Muna , Ansari Abdulla 
Published: April 2020

Urosepsis contributes significantly to the epidemiology of sepsis. Urosepsis can be classified as community acquired or hospital acquired, depending upon the origin of infection acquisition: either from the community or from a healthcare facility. A great deal of literature is available about nosocomial urosepsis, but the literature regarding community-acquired urosepsis (CAUs) is limited, and studies are underpowered. The aim of our study was to determine the epidemiology, bacteriology, severity, and outcome of CAUs. Methods and Patients: All patients admitted from the emergency department to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) with urosepsis over a period of 10 years were identified and included retrospectively from the SICU registry. The study was retrospective. Data were entered into the SPSS program version 23, and groups were compared by using chi-square and t-tests. Results were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results: During the study period, 302 patients with CAUs were admitted to the SICU. The common etiology was obstructive uropathy (60%). The Local Arab population outnumbered the non-Arab population (164/54.3%), and there were equal numbers of patients of both genders. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension together were the common comorbidities. Seventy-five percent of patients had acute kidney injury (AKI). Thirty-eight percent of patients had percutaneous nephrostomy, and 24.8% of patients underwent endoscopic stent insertion to relieve the obstruction. Ninety-three percent of patients were admitted with septic shock, and 71.5% had bacteremia. The common bacteria (36.1%) was extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-(ESBL)-producing bacteria, with a predominance of Escherichia coli (31.5%). Fifty-four percent of patients required a change of antibiotics to carbapenem. Eighty-two percent of patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients with bacteremia had a statistically significant AKI, ARDS, and septic shock (p < 0.001). Male patients had a significantly higher incidence of oliguria, intubation, and ARDS (p < 0.05). Eight patients died of urosepsis during the study period, giving a mortality rate of 2.6%. Conclusion: In our patients, obstruction of urine flow was the most common cause of CAUs. Our urosepsis patients had a higher bacteremia rate, which led to higher incidences of organ dysfunction and septic shock. ESBL bacteria were a frequent cause of urosepsis, requiring a change of the initial antibiotic to carbapenem. Male patients had a significantly higher rate of organ dysfunction. Mortality in our urosepsis patients was lower than mentioned in the literature.
A 7-lncRNA signature associated with the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fu Xiaorui , Duanmu Jinzhong , Li Taiyuan , Jiang Qunguang 
Published: April 2020

Background
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most common colon cancer exhibiting high mortality. Due to their association with cancer progression, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are now being used as prognostic biomarkers. In the present study, we used relevant clinical information and expression profiles of lncRNAs originating from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, aiming to construct a prognostic lncRNA signature to estimate the prognosis of patients.

Methods
The samples were randomly spilt into training and validation cohorts. In the training cohort, prognosis-related lncRNAs were selected from differentially expressed lncRNAs using the univariate Cox analysis. Furthermore, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox analysis were employed for identifying prognostic lncRNAs. The prognostic signature was constructed by these lncRNAs.

Results
The prognostic model was able to calculate each COAD patient’s risk score and split the patients into groups of low and high risks. Compared to the low-risk group, the high-risk group had significant poor prognosis. Next, the prognostic signature was validated in the validation, as well as all cohorts. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and c-index were determined in all cohorts. Moreover, these prognostic lncRNA signatures were combined with clinicopathological risk factors to construct a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of COAD in the clinic. Finally, seven lncRNAs (CTC-273B12.10, AC009404.2, AC073283.7, RP11-167H9.4, AC007879.7, RP4-816N1.7, and RP11-400N13.2) were identified and validated by different cohorts. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the mRNAs co-expressed with the seven prognostic lncRNAs suggested four significantly upregulated pathways, which were AGE-RAGE, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Conclusion
Thus, our study verified that the seven lncRNAs mentioned can be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of COAD patients and design personalized treatments.
Relation of Iron, TIBC and Oxidative Stress with Glycosylated Haemoglobin in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Qureshi Nida Afreen , More Kavita , Rai Sandeep 
Published: April 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Scientific evidences suggest that high iron storage may play a role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Excess iron accumulation induces organ damage due to the overproduction of ROS through Fenton reaction. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out the relation between serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and oxidative stress (OS) with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
The study consisted of 90 subjects, which were divided into 3 different groups; Group 1 compromised of 30 healthy individuals, Group 2 included 30 T2DM patients with normal glycemic control and Group 3 included 30 T2DM patients with poor glycemic control. Blood samples were collected from the three groups and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPPG), HbA1c, Iron, TIBC, Hemoglobin (HB), Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were analysed.
We found, that mean levels of FPG, PPPG, HbA1c, Iron and MDA were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and mean levels of TIBC, SOD and CAT were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in group 3 as compared to group 2 and group 1. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) observed in iron, TIBC and Hb levels between group 1 and group 2. We found a significant positive correlation of Iron and MDA with HbA1c and significant negative correlation of TIBC, SOD and CAT with HbA1c in group 3.
In our study we found significant positive correlation of HbA1c with MDA and iron that indicates poor glycemic control leads to increased glycation of haemoglobin and other heme containing proteins. It causes more release of iron that leading to production of oxidative stress and thereby it might plays significant role in early appearance of diabetic complications.
Assessment of Workplace Violence among Primary Healthcare Workers in Enugu Metropolis
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Nwosu O. P. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Work place violence in health-care facilities are on the rise and are routinely underreported.
Objective: This study investigated the prevalence of workplace violence among primary health-care workers in Enugu metropolis.
Materials and Methods: The participants were selected via multi–stage sampling method. A total of 117 out of 135 questionnaires from primary health-care workers in Enugu metropolis were collated and analyzed with the aid of frequency tables and charts.
Results: The results showed that the primary health-care workers are exposed to verbal and non-verbal harassment when working alone in shifts as a contributing factor to workplace violence, subjected to their type of work. This violence most times not reported owing to fear, stigmatization and mistrust of the workers that management will not take their cases serious, this, ultimately impinge on the overall job performance, revenue generation as well as job integrity. Based on the influence of workplace violence on work and life of primary health-care workers about 61.5% of primary health-care workers agrees that workplace violence experience leads to fear and impaired performance and majority agrees that workplace violence does not depends on tribe and religion. Based on predictors of workplace violence, about 69.4%, 69% and 69.1% of primary health-care workers agrees that level of education, work cadre and years of experience influences workplace violence respectively.
Conclusion: The study shows that primary health-care workers are exposed to different workplace violence: physical, threat, verbal and sexual harassment. Also, primary health-care workers agree that patient relatives (31.9%) and colleague (17.4%) are the main sources of workplace violence mostly due to misunderstanding. Out of 75 victims of workplace violence 66.7% reported their cases while about 53.6% did not report. Victims of workplace violence should be encouraged to speak up.
Automated planning through robust templates and multicriterial optimization for lung VMAT SBRT of lung lesions
Authors: Marrazzo Livia , Arilli Chiara , Pellegrini Roberto , Bonomo Pierluigi , Calusi Silvia , Talamonti Cinzia , Casati Marta , Compagnucci Antonella , Livi Lorenzo , Pallotta Stefania 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate a robust template for VMAT SBRT of lung lesions, using the multicriterial optimization (MCO) of a commercial treatment planning system.MethodsThe template was established and refined on 10 lung SBRT patients planned for 55 Gy/5 fr. To improve gradient and conformity a ring structure around the planning target volume (PTV) was set in the list of objectives. Ideal fluence optimization was conducted giving priority to organs at risk (OARs) and using the MCO, which further pushes OARs doses. Segmentation was conducted giving priority to PTV coverage. Two different templates were produced with different degrees of modulation, by setting the Fluence Smoothing parameter to Medium (MFS) and High (HFS).Each template was applied on 20 further patients. Automatic and manual plans were compared in terms of dosimetric parameters, delivery time, and complexity. Statistical significance of differences was evaluated using paired two‐sided Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in PTV coverage and maximum dose were observed, while an improvement was observed in gradient and conformity. A general improvement in dose to OARs was seen, which resulted to be significant for chest wall V30 Gy, total lung V20 Gy, and spinal cord D0.1 cc. MFS plans are characterized by a higher modulation and longer delivery time than manual plans. HFS plans have a modulation and a delivery time comparable to manual plans, but still present an advantage in terms of gradient.ConclusionThe automation of the planning process for lung SBRT using robust templates and MCO was demonstrated to be feasible and more efficient.
Two novel halogen‐free, phosphorus‐free, and intrinsically flame‐retardant benzoxazine thermosets containing electron‐withdrawing bridge groups
Authors: Zeng Ming , Zhu Wanlin , Feng Zijian , Chen Jiangbing , Huang Yiwan , Xu Qingyu , Wang Junxia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo novel furfurylamine type benzoxazine prepolymers are firstly synthesized from 4,4′‐bishydroxydeoxybenzoin (BHDB) and 4,4′‐dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP). Both BHDB‐ and DHBP‐based polybenzoxazines present accelerated curing behaviors, high glass transition temperatures, and very low heat release capacity values, resulting from the introduction of electron‐withdrawing groups and furan rings. It is especially noteworthy that the flame retardancy of DHBP‐based polybenzoxazine is classified as UL‐94 V‐1 grade, whereas that of BHDB‐based polybenzoxazine is evaluated to be UL‐94 V‐2 grade. Hence, DHBP is considered as an alternative to BHDB for benzoxazine preparation because of its similar chemical structure, competitive price, high efficiency preparation, and outstanding flame resistance. Therefore, this work not only provides an economical and effective strategy for the preparation of halogen‐free, phosphorus‐free, and intrinsically flame‐retardant benzoxazine resins but also provides important insight into the effects of electron‐withdrawing bridge groups on the curing behavior and thermal and flame‐retardant properties of benzoxazine resins.
Three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the dural folds and the human skull under head acceleration
Authors: Lipphaus Andreas , Witzel Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBone and collagen fiber architecture adapt to external mechanical loads. In humans, due to the low insertion of the temporal muscle, mastication does not lead to a physiological loading of the calvaria. Forces applied to the skull by the dural folds can lead to compressive stresses in the calvaria. To investigate the relationship between mechanical loads and form in the skull and its membranes, in a finite element three‐dimensional model of the human skull, loads due to head acceleration in daily activities are applied to the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli. The dural folds are modeled as membranes. The stress paths in the dural folds correlate with anatomical fiber direction. Head accelerations of 9 g lead to compressive stress in the calvaria. Finite element analysis of the falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli can be used to study the influence of mechanical stresses on the ossification of the dural folds and their impact on calvarial growth. This study presents an example of functional loading of bone by fibrous membranes and describes a possible mechanism by which Wolff's law works on the bone of the calvaria creating evolutionarily beneficial lightweight constructions.
Engineering a NO‐Regulated Nanofluidic Sensor through the Cyclization Reaction Strategy
Authors: Han Yunfeng , Sun Zhongyue , Sun Ziyan , Chen Xiaoya , Zhang Yongxue , Sun Yao , Li Haibing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is known to be a secondary in vivo signaling agent, demonstrating various biological functions through regulating ion flux in channels. Considering the crucial role of NO in vivo, herein, a biomimetic NO‐regulated nanofluidic sensor has been fabricated through a cyclization reaction strategy. This nanofluidic sensor exhibited a promising NO selectivity, sensitivity, and non‐interference performance in complex matrices. Thus, such a NO‐driven nanosensor will be meaningful for scientific researchers to grasp the in vivo functions of NO.
Does In Vitro Potency Predict Clinically Efficacious Concentrations?
Authors: Jansson‐Löfmark Rasmus , Hjorth Stephan , Gabrielsson Johan 
Published: April 2020

The in vitro affinity of a compound for its target is an important feature in drug discovery, but what remains is how predictive in vitro properties are of in vivo therapeutic drug exposure. We assessed the relationship between in vitro potency and clinically efficacious concentrations for marketed small molecule drugs (n = 164) and how they may differ depending on therapeutic indication, mode of action, receptor type, target localization, and function. Approximately 70% of compounds had a therapeutic unbound plasma exposure lower than in vitro potency; the median ratio of exposure in relation to in vitro potency was 0.32, and 80% had ratios within the range of 0.007 to 8.7. We identified differences in the in vivo–to–in vitro potency ratio between indications, mode of action, target type, and matrix localization, and whether or not the drugs had active metabolites. The in vitro–assay variability contributions appeared to be the smallest; within the same drug target and mode of action the within‐variability was slightly broader; but both were substantially less compared with the overall distribution of ratios. These data suggest that in vitro potency conditions, estimated in vivo potency, required level of receptor occupancy, and target turnover are key components for further understanding the link between clinical drug exposure and in vitro potency.
Potential for genetic improvement of neppiness traits in upland cotton
Authors: Zeng Linghe , Bechere Efrem , Delhom Christopher D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious analyses of relationships of neppiness traits with lint yield and other fiber properties in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were mainly based on phenotypes. The potential of genetic improvement in neppiness traits as well as their genetic relationships with lint yield and other fiber properties in breeding selections is unknown. In this study, realized heritability of neppiness traits, correlated selection responses (CRs), realized genetic correlations (GRs) between neppiness traits and lint yield, and other fiber properties were analyzed in two breeding populations—FiberMax832 × SP205 and MD15 × JJ1145ne—in F3, F4, and F5 generations. The realized heritability was identified as low to moderate for fiber nep size, fiber nep count, seed coat nep (SCN) size, and SCN count ranging from 0.00 to 0.52 and from 0.12 to 0.58 at selection intensities of 10 and 20%, respectively. The realized heritability of fiber nep count was higher, ranging from 0.44 to 0.52 and from 0.20 to 0.58 at selection intensities of 10 and 20%, respectively. At the 20% selection intensity, there were no unfavorable CRs between lint yield and neppiness traits. Selections for fewer fiber nep count consistently increased fineness values (unfavorable) and decreased immature fiber content (IFC) values (favorable) in the two populations. Realized GR between fiber nep count and fineness was high, 0.80–0.84 in the two populations. The GR between fiber nep count and IFC was moderate, 0.50–0.64 in the two populations. The results in this study suggest the possibility of simultaneous genetic improvement of fiber nep count with lint yield and IFC as well as the difficulty of simultaneous genetic improvement for fiber nep count and fineness.
Directly Microwave‐Accelerated Cleavage of C−C and C−O Bonds of Lignin by Copper Oxide and H2O2
Authors: Qu Chen , Ito Keigo , Katsuyama Isamu , Mitani Tomohiko , Kashimura Keiichiro , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractModel erythro, phenolic, and nonphenolic lignin β‐O‐4 dimer compounds are treated with copper oxide and H2O2 at the electronic field maximum position of a single‐mode 2.45 GHz microwave system equipped with a cavity resonator. The products obtained through microwave heating and oil‐bath heating with the same reaction vessel and temperature profile are quantitatively compared. Dimer degradation is found to proceed through consecutive elementary reactions. The phenolic dimer is dehydroxylated and this is followed by the spontaneous cleavage of Cα−Cβ and C−O−C bonds to produce guaiacol, vanillin, and vanillic acid. The reaction of the nonphenolic dimer produces veratric acid, veratraldehyde, and guaiacol. Microwave irradiation accelerates cleavage of the side chain and the oxidation of vanillin to vanillic acid. However, no acceleration of veratraldehyde oxidation to veratric acid or aromatic ring cleavage to produce dicarboxylic acids is observed. The selective acceleration of elementary reactions during the degradation of model lignin compounds indicates that microwaves interact with reaction intermediates that are sensitive to electromagnetic waves.
Diagnosis and categorization of malignant effusions: A 6‐year review from a single academic institution
Authors: Lew Madelyn , Cantley Richard , Heider Amer , Jing Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCytologic detection of malignant cells in pleural, peritoneal, or pericardial effusion most likely indicates advanced stage of malignant disease. There are a few studies updating the categorization of malignant effusions.MethodsThe electronic pathology database was searched to identify consecutive cases of malignant effusion during a 6‐year period. Patient age and gender, origins of known malignancy, and cytologic diagnoses were recorded and summarized.ResultsA total of 1059 specimens included 561 (53%) pleural, 441 (41.6%) peritoneal, and 57 (5.4%) pericardial fluids. Most of the pleural (516, 92.0%), peritoneal (418, 94.8%), and pericardial (53, 93.0%) specimens were derived from patients with a single known malignancy. More common origins involving pleural fluid were lung (152, 27.1%) followed by breast (103, 18.4%) and gastrointestinal tract (76, 13.5%). The most common etiology for women and men was breast (102, 30.8%) and lung (67, 36.2%), respectively. More common origins involving peritoneal fluid were gastrointestinal (158, 35.8%) and gynecologic (156, 35.4%) tracts, and breast (46, 10.4%). The most common etiology for women and men was Mullerian (156, 55.5%) and gastrointestinal tract (94, 68.6%), respectively. Most common origins involving the pericardial fluid were breast (20, 37.7%) and lung (17, 29.8%). Breast and lung were the most common etiology for women (20, 57.1%) and men (8, 44.4%), respectively.ConclusionsBreast and lung remain to be the most common origin of both malignant pleural and pericardial effusion for women and men, respectively. The most common origin involving peritoneal effusion is Mullerian for women and gastrointestinal tract for men.