bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of flavonoids by an online capillary electrophoresis‐based immobilized enzyme microreactor
Authors: Wu Zhao‐Yu , Zhang Hao , Li Feng , Yang Feng‐Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractXanthine oxidase (XOD) is a key enzyme in the human body to produce uric acid, and its inhibitor can be used for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, an online CE‐based XOD immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) was developed for the enzyme kinetics assays and inhibitor screening. After 30 consecutive runs, the XOD activity remained about 95.6% of the initial immobilized activity. The Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) of the immobilized XOD was determined as 0.39 mM using xanthine as substrate. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration and inhibition constant of the known inhibitor 4‐aminopyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine on XOD were determined as 11.9 and 5.2 μM, respectively. Then, the developed method was applied to evaluate the XOD inhibitory activity of 10 flavonoids, which indicated that dihydroquercetin, quercetin, biochanin A, and epicatechin had significant inhibitory effect on XOD. In addition, molecular docking results verified that the binding energy of the flavonoids with enzyme were in line with their inhibitory activity determined by XOD–IMER. Therefore, the developed XOD–IMER is a potential tool for the primary screening of XOD inhibitors from natural products.
Numerical study of cuttings transport of nanoparticle‐based drilling fluid
Authors: Al‐Yasiri Mortatha , Al‐Gailani Amthal , Wen Dongsheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCuttings transportation from the drill bit, through the annulus, to the surface is one of the most important functions performed by drilling fluid. The prediction of drilling fluid's performance to transport cuttings in the annulus is very complex task due to the presence of numerous parameters. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been recently introduced into drilling fluid to engineer its properties and enhance its performance. Nevertheless, the lifting capacity has not been sufficiently investigated. The understanding of the influence and the mechanisms responsible for the improvement in cuttings transport process can further advance the application of NPs for drilling fluids. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used as a numerical technique in handling complex multiphase flow problems in different operational conditions. The present work has taken the advantages of CFD to computationally analyze the influence of NPs and the effects of various parameters such as drilling fluids rheology, flow rate, pipe rotation, cuttings density, shape, concentration, and drilling fluids‐cuttings particle coupling regimes on the cuttings transport in a vertical wellbore. The CFD simulation is carried out by using transient solver of ANSYS‐FLUENT commercial code. The dense discrete phase model is used to overcome the main shortcomings of previous Eulerian based approaches. Good agreement has been achieved between the simulation and the published experimental results. It showed that the fluid viscosity and cuttings transport process can be significantly enhanced by adding nanomaterials to the fluid, and the process is highly influenced by cuttings characteristics such as in situ concentration, shape, and density.
Practice on treating pharmaceutical compounds (antibiotics) present in wastewater using biosorption techniques with different biowaste compounds. A review
Authors: Magesh N. , Annam Renita A. , Senthil Kumar P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPharmaceutical and Public Care Products (PPCP) enable a healthy lifestyle for individuals, but the non‐metabolized components get released to the environment, which creates an adverse impact on the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem. PPCP is considered a secondary pollutant, but it has the potential to become a primary pollutant due to its bioaccumulation and lasting detrimental effects. Primary wastewater treatments like coagulation, sedimentation, and flocculation are not suitable for the exclusion of these contaminants due to their low density and ability to form an emulsion with other constituents. Adsorption is a promising technique due to ease of application, low‐cost, and comparatively good efficiency. Adsorbents made from the biological waste make process economical, and proper selection of adsorbent material for the removal of PPCP components reduces the discharge of solid waste to the environment. This review briefly analysis and explain the adsorbents used for seven commonly used second‐generation antibiotics, which are used for tract infection.
An alternative approach to reclaim spent nickel–metal hydride batteries
Authors: Kuo Yi‐Ming , Huang Kuo‐Lin , Wang Jian‐Wen , Tsai Cheng‐Hsien , Lin Sheng‐Lun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpent nickel‐metal hydride (NiMH) batteries contained some valuable metals which are worthy of recovery. This study focuses on the reclamation of spent NiMH batteries using an alternative approach, thermal separation process (TSP). Spent NiMH batteries were mixed with cullet, limestone, and dolomite. The mixture was heated to 1,450°C and cooled to room temperature without forced convection. During the TSP, the output‐materials were divided into slag, ingot, and flue gas according to the boiling points and densities of metals. Results show that metals having a relatively low boiling points, such as Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn, were mostly vaporized into flue gas. Among the metals retained in molten materials, Co, Cu, Fe, and Ni predominately went into the bottom layer and formed the ingot; on the contrary, Al, Ca, Mg, and Si stayed in the upper layer and formed slag. Therefore, the main components of slag were Si (316,000 mg/kg), Ca (289,000 mg/kg), and Mg (32,400 mg/kg) and the major crystalline phases were CaSiO3, CaMgSi2O6, and Ca2MgSi2O7. The slag was pended as non‐hazardous materials and could be reused as road pavement or building materials. The ingot had high levels of Ni (408,000 mg/kg), Fe (349,000 mg/kg), and Co (55,400 mg/kg) and could act as an additive in stainless steel manufacturing process.
Effect of hairy surface on heat production and thermal insulation on the building
Authors: Sogukpinar Haci 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the extreme wind and cold weather conditions, animals have developed incredible protection techniques in order to achieve the regulation of body thermal insulation. While birds fluff their feathers to reduce heat loss, some animals take advantage of the other varying unique structures of the skin. In this study, inspired by birds, the effect of hairy surfaces like hedgehog skin on thermal insulation and also heat production at the low‐speed wind on the building wall surface was investigated numerically by using the finite element method. For this, a portion of the wall surface was covered with rigid barbs to increase friction on the wall, and for the comparison, a part of the surface was left smooth without any coating. Menter's shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model by algebraic multigrid solver was used for the modeling of wind motion and heat transfer equations by direct solver PARDISO was used to simulate heat transfer in the solid and fluid environment. According to the numerical calculation, the wind speed slows down along the rough surface, high‐pressure zone on the surface (a thick no‐slip boundary region) was created and a part of wind energy was converted to extra heat and especially the convective heat loss due to the movement of the wind on the surface was reduced, and finally, the building was insulated further by creating a stagnant air layer in the barbs.
An internet of health things‐driven deep learning framework for detection and classification of skin cancer using transfer learning
Authors: Khamparia Aditya , Singh Prakash Kumar , Rani Poonam , Samanta Debabrata , Khanna Ashish , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs specified by World Health Organization, the occurrence of skin cancer has been growing over the past decades. At present, 2 to 3 million nonmelanoma skin cancers and 132 000 melanoma skin cancers arise worldwide annually. The detection and classification of skin cancer in early stage of development allow patients to have proper diagnosis and treatment. The goal of this article is to present a novel deep learning internet of health and things (IoHT) driven framework for skin lesion classification in skin images using the concept of transfer learning. In proposed framework, automatic features are extracted from images using different pretrained architectures like VGG19, Inception V3, ResNet50, and SqueezeNet, which are fed into fully connected layer of convolutional neural network for classification of skin benign and malignant cells using dense and max pooling operation. In addition, the proposed system is fully integrated with an IoHT framework and can be used remotely to assist medical specialists in the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer. It has been observed that performance metric evaluation of proposed framework outperformed other pretrained architectures in term of precision, recall, and accuracy in detection and classification of skin cancer from skin lesion images.
Neuropsychiatric symptom profiles ofcommunity‐dwellingpersons living with dementia: Factor structures revisited
Authors: Regier Natalie G. , Hodgson Nancy A. , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesMost persons living with dementia (PLWD) will develop neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) at some point. NPS are often clustered into subsyndromes with other related symptoms, but the evidence supporting commonly used clusters is insufficient. We reexamine behavioral clusters in community‐dwelling PLWD and identify associated risk factors and potential contributors.MethodsThis study used baseline data from a longitudinal behavioral intervention study of 250 community‐dwelling older adults with dementia and their caregivers. Using exploratory factor analysis (principal component analysis [PCA]), the factor structure of NPS frequency scores of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI‐C) was evaluated. Multiple linear regressions assessed the association of the derived behavioral clusters with caregiver burden, caregiver depression, and quality of life of the PLWD.ResultsPCA yielded eight behavioral clusters (factors): 1 = Aggression/Rejection of Care, 2 = Apathy/Withdrawal, 3 = Restlessness/Agitation, 4 = Anxiety, 5 = Impulsivity/Disinhibition, 6 = Psychosis, 7 = Circadian Disturbance, and 8 = Depression. In multiple linear regressions, caregiver burden was significantly influenced by the anxiety cluster, caregiver depression was significantly influenced by the apathy/withdrawal cluster, and quality of life of the PLWD was significantly associated with the anxiety and circadian disturbance clusters.ConclusionsOur eight derived behavioral clusters suggest that commonly accepted clusters of NPS may not reflect the clinical reality for community‐dwelling PLWD. Behavioral clusters appear to differentially impact and put caregivers and PLWD at risk such that personalized intervention strategies are warranted. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:‐, 2020.
What are the psychosocial consequences when fear of falling starts or ends? Evidence from an asymmetric fixed effects analysis based on longitudinal data from the general population
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to identify whether the onset and the end of fear of falling (FOF) are associated with psychosocial consequences (in terms of depressive symptoms, loneliness, social isolation, autonomy, and subjective well‐being).Methods/DesignLongitudinal data for this study were taken from the nationally representative German Ageing Survey which included community‐dwelling individuals ≥40 years (wave 5 and wave 6). Psychosocial outcome measures were assessed using widely established and well‐validated scales. The presence of FOF was used as the main explanatory variable. It was adjusted for age, family status, labor force participation, self‐rated health, physical functioning, as well as the number of chronic conditions.ResultsLinear fixed effects regressions revealed that FOF was associated with adverse psychosocial outcomes (increased depressive symptoms, lower life satisfaction, lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and lower perceived autonomy). Asymmetric fixed effects regressions analysis showed that the onset of FOF was associated with reduced life satisfaction as well as reduced autonomy, whereas the end of FOF was associated with reduced depressive symptoms, decreased loneliness scores, as well as decreased negative affect.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest that future studies should analyze the consequences of FOF differently (onset and end of FOF) which has practical important implications. More specifically, while strategies to avoid the onset of FOF may help to maintain satisfaction with life and autonomy, strategies to end FOF may contribute to avoid increased loneliness, feelings of negative affect, as well as increased depressive symptoms. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:‐, 2020.
How are high burden countries implementing policies and tools for latent tuberculosis infection? A survey of current practices and barriers
Authors: Faust Lena , Ruhwald Morten , Schumacher Samuel , Pai Madhukar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsDespite the World Health Organization (WHO)'s updated guidelines on tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment, the scale‐up of TB preventive therapy remains low in many high‐burden countries (HBCs). We conducted a survey to better understand the current status of policy implementation and barriers for scale‐up.MethodsSurvey questions pertained to HBCs' current latent TB infection (LTBI) screening and treatment strategies, and the availability of LTBI tests and newer treatments (eg, isoniazid/rifapentine [3HP]). The 19‐question survey was piloted and sent out via email in June 2019 as a protected Microsoft Word document to contacts [National TB Program (NTP) staff, researchers, and health officials] in the 30 TB HBCs. Responses were accepted until February 2020.ResultsThirty‐seven completed surveys from 24 HBCs were received. Respondents from five countries (Brazil, Lesotho, Mozambique, Russia, Zambia) reported having LTBI guidelines that are fully implemented. Among respondents who indicated their country currently has no LTBI guideline implementation (Angola, China, DRC, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Myanmar), the most often cited barrier to implementation was the prioritization of active TB over LTBI management (n = 5, Angola, China, DRC, India, Kenya). Of the 16 countries in which respondents reported using purified protein derivative (PPD), 9 reported having experienced a PPD shortage within the past year (from time of survey). Respondents from six countries reported currently using Interferon‐gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) in their NTP, and 13 cited high cost as a barrier to IGRA use. Lastly, rifapentine was stated not be available in 8 HBCs.ConclusionThis survey indicates limited implementation of WHO LTBI guidelines in HBCs and provides some insight into barriers to implementation, including shortage of products (eg, PPD), high costs (eg, IGRAs), and lack of regulatory approval of newer treatments (eg, rifapentine). Thus, we should work towards price reductions for LTBI tests and treatments, and the development of tests that can be more easily implemented at peripheral healthcare levels.
Recent advances in organic‐based materials for resistive memory applications
Authors: Li Yang , Qian Qingyun , Zhu Xiaolin , Li Yujia , Zhang Mayue , Li Jingni , Ma Chunlan , Li Hua , Lu Jianmei , Zhang Qichun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of data‐driven human interaction, advanced data‐storage technologies with lower power consumption, larger storage capacity, faster switching speed, and higher integration density have become the goals of future memory electronics. Nevertheless, the physical limitations of conventional Si‐based binary storage systems lag far behind the ultrahigh‐density requirements of post‐Moore information storage. In this regard, the pursuit of alternatives and/or supplements to the existing storage technology has come to the forefront. Recently, organic‐based resistive memory materials have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation information storage applications, which provide new possibilities of realizing high‐performance organic electronics. Herein, the memory device structure, switching types, mechanisms, and recent advances in organic resistive memory materials are reviewed. In particular, their potential of fulfilling multilevel storage is summarized. Besides, the present challenges and future prospects confronted by organic resistive memory materials and devices are discussed.image
Electrochemical codeposited polypyrrole–tungsten oxide composite materials with wide potential windows
Authors: Bai Minghua , Li Yidi , Liu Rui , Yu Zhan , Wang Ying , Zhao Zhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe three‐dimensional morphology has sufficient interface contact and can be in favor of the electronic transport process. In this work, the demand for high‐performance electrodes such as energy storage devices has been designed. Polypyrrole and tungsten oxide composite materials (PPy‐WO3) have been synthesized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technology at −0.6 to 0.9 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) for 20 cycles. The PPy‐WO320 mV/s, PPy‐WO360 mV/s, and PPy‐WO3120 mV/s electrodes have been prepared by CV technology at sweep rates of 20, 60, and 120 mV/s. The influences of scan rate on morphologies and charge storage properties of the composites are discussed. Among them， a three‐dimensional flake structure for PPy‐WO320 mV/s with a size of up to several micrometers was synthesized. PPy‐WO320 mV/s composites as electrode materials exhibit a wide charge storage potential window of 1.4 V (between −0.9 and 0.5 V vs. SCE) and a specific capacitance of 145.13 F/g at 1 mA/cm2. Moreover, the long‐term stability of PPy‐WO320 mV/s and PPy has been investigated in 5 M LiCl aqueous electrolyte. The stability of the materials can be improved by inorganic and organic composites.
Deza graphs with parameters (v,k,k−2,a)
Authors: Kabanov Vladislav V. , Shalaginov Leonid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA Deza graph with parameters is a ‐regular graph on vertices in which the number of common neighbors of two distinct vertices takes one of the following values: or , where . In the previous papers Deza graphs with were characterized. In this paper, we characterize Deza graphs with .
Contrast Medium or No Contrast Medium for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. That Is the Question
Authors: Padhani Anwar R. , Schoots Ivo , Villeirs Geert 
Published: May 2020

The benefits and drawbacks of the dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI sequence for prostate cancer diagnosis are increasingly being recognized, with many centers adopting the biparametric (bp) MRI approach as the default initial approach. The abandonment of the routine use of contrast medium requires an assessment of the loss of diagnostic power against the gains in operational logistics, costs, time, capacity, and side effects. It is the balance of these factors weighted against the clinical priorities of patients that determines which patient groups can safely avoid dynamic contrast enhancement. Although systematic reviews and individual studies are broadly supportive of the bpMRI approach, the pathway impacts for men with suspected cancer using the bpMRI approach are still not well documented for clinical practice. Robust prospectively acquired data for bpMRI regarding biopsy avoidance, detection of clinically significant and insignificant cancers, and for increasing the precision of tumor grade and volume are needed. There is a requirement for prospective, randomized, or blinded head‐to‐head, multicenter studies, addressing the noninferiority of biopsy yields prompted by bpMRI and multiparametric MRI approaches. These studies should more precisely define patient groups where the benefits and harms of contrast enhancement are aligned to their clinical priorities. Only then can we be confident in recommending bpMRI as an initial diagnostic approach for prostate cancer diagnosis.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage5
Distinct Eurasian climate anomalies associated with strong and weak MJO events
Authors: Song Lei , Wu Renguang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe MJO‐related tropical Indian Ocean outgoing longwave radiation anomalies display a bimodal distribution, indicating two types of MJO events. The present study distinguishes 14 strong and 16 weak MJO events during the 37 winters from 1979 to 2016 and compares the circulation and climate over the mid‐latitude Eurasia between strong and weak MJO events. Cold anomalies appear over Siberia and East Asia during strong MJO events when the MJO‐related convection is located over the tropical Indian Ocean, whereas the temperature anomalies are weak over Eurasia during weak MJO events. The cold anomalies over Eurasia in strong MJO events are associated with the development of surface anticyclonic anomalies and the accompanying northerly wind anomalies. On one hand, the enhancement of surface anticyclonic anomalies can be attributed to the poleward Rossby wave packets triggered by the MJO convection over the tropical Indian Ocean. On the other hand, the strong convective heating over the tropical Indian Ocean can induce anomalous meridional overturning circulation between the tropics and mid‐latitudes. The anomalous divergent winds associated with the convective heating can reach western Siberia and the descending branch of the vertical cell contributes to the enhancement of surface anticyclonic anomalies and northerly wind anomalies, leading to cold anomalies over Siberia and East Asia. In weak MJO events, the poleward Rossby waves are weak and anomalous meridional overturning is of limited meridional extent. As a result, the MJO‐related wind anomalies are weak and the associated temperature anomalies are small over large areas of Eurasia.
Last glacial maximum ecology and climate from terrestrial gastropod assemblages in Peoria loess, western Kentucky
Authors: Grimley David A. , Counts Ronald C. , Conroy Jessica L. , Wang Hong , Dendy Sarah N. , Nield Catherine B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe Rocks loess section, in unglaciated western Kentucky, provides a high‐resolution environmental record during the last glacial maximum onset. The Peoria Silt (9 m thick) contains 26 terrestrial gastropod species, with up to 15 species within a single 5 cm interval. Thirteen radiocarbon ages, using shells or charcoal, range between 30 and 24.5 cal ka; younger loess has been leached or eroded. Stratigraphic shifts in gastropod assemblages imply significant cooling, particularly ~27 cal ka, as solar insolation was decreasing and the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet rapidly advancing. Midwestern to southern species (e.g.Anguispira kochi,Gastrocopta pentodon,Hawaii miniscula,Helicodiscus parallelus,Vallonia perspectiva) occur only in the lowermost Peoria Silt (~30–27 cal ka). In contrast, cold‐tolerant species (Columella alticola,Vertigo modesta, Vallonia gracilicosta)occur only in full glacial Peoria Silt (27–24.5 cal ka). Inferred mean July temperatures, from mutual climatic range methods, range from ~23 °C at 30 cal ka, cooling to ~18 °C by 26 cal ka; about 3–8 °C cooler than today (~26 °C). Superimposed on this cooling trend are multi‐centennial variations in detrital carbonate, fossil shell concentrations, palaeotemperature estimates, and oxygen isotope values (Vertigo,Discus, Helicodiscus). The finer‐scale variations imply relatively synchronous fluctuations in glacial sediment supply, loess sedimentation, and climate.