bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of renal function by four selected plant extracts during Plasmodium berghei infection
Authors: Adetutu Adewale , Olorunnisola Olubukola Sinbad , Iyanda Kazeem 
Published: December 2019

Background: Weakening of renal function from reactive oxygen species generated during malaria infection is one of the prominent causes of death in prevalent regions. The potential toxicity of free radical generated by malaria parasites are counteracted by a large number of cytoprotective phytochemicals. Therefore, this study examined the influence of extracts of five selected antimalarial plants (Azadirachta indica, Parquetina nigrescens, Citrus paradisi, and Khaya senigalensis) on reduction of inflammation in renal tissue, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels during malaria infection using Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice. For in vivo assay, mice were inoculated with 1 × 107 parasitized erythrocytes and plant extracts were subsequently administered orally at 100 mg/kg body weight once a day for 17 consecutive days. The chemo-suppressive and prophylaxis effects of the plant extracts against P. berghei were investigated and compared with those of standard antimalarial drug, chloroquine. Tail bleeding was performed to check the percentage parasitaemia by making a thin film smear on a slide, stained in Giemsa. The numbers of parasited cells against the unparasitised cells were counted using a microscope. The effect of malaria infection on renal tissue was assessed by histological analysis and measurement of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in plasma. At 100 mg/kg per body weight, aqueous extract of K. senegalensis, A. indica, C. paradisi and P. nigrescens exhibited significant (p<0.05) percentage inhibition and chemo-suppressive effects in comparison with the chloroquine treated mice. The result of the untreated group showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of plasma urea while the level of the groups treated with plants extract stabilized the level of urea and creatinine in the blood. Also there was a pathological lesion on the kidney tissue of untreated group whereas the group treated with aqueous extract of A. indica, Khaya senegalensis and C. paradisi showed no lesion. It can be established that the extracts can protect and preserve renal function during malaria infection. These findings justified the use of the extracts in traditional medicine practice, for the treatment of malaria infection. Keywords: Plasmodium berghei, antimalarial plants, renal function, antiplasmodium
Nutritional characteristics and consumer acceptability of sausages with different combinations of goat and beef meats
Authors: Malekian Fatemeh , Khachaturyan Margarita , Gebrelul Sebhatu , Henson James 
Published: December 2019

Background: Obesity and cardiovascular heart diseases are growing problems in the United States. This is partially due to the consumption of the primary red meats such as pork and beef. Goat meat has the potential to replace these traditionally consumed meats. Rice bran is a rich source of antioxidants such as vitamin E and can be utilized as a binder in meat and meat products.Methods: Goat meat/beef sausages were formulated to contain either 50/50, 75/25 or 100/0 percent goat meat/beef, with either no added rice bran (NRB) or 3 percent stabilized rice bran (RB). Proximate analysis, fatty acids, 𝛼-tocopherol and cholesterol concentrations of the six cooked formulations were determined. The six sausage formulations were compared in a consumer acceptability taste test.Results: The fat concentration of the NRB and RB formulations decreased linearly with increasing percentages of goat meat (p < 0.001). The sum of the saturated fatty acids decreased linearly with increasing percentages of goat meat (p < 0.01). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid concentrations increased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing percentages of goat meat in both the NRB and RB sausage formulations. The α-tocopherol concentration of the NRB formulations did not change across the goat meat percentages, but in the RB formulations it increased linearly with increasing percentages of goat meat (p < 0.001). The cholesterol concentration decreased linearly with increasing percentages of goat meat in both the NRB and RB formulations (p <0.01, < 0.05 respectively). The tasters preferred the NRB with higher goat meat percentage to the RB formulations.Conclusions: The NRB and RB sausage formulations with higher percentages of goat meat had higher concentrations of 𝛼-tocopherol, CLA (18:2 cis 9 Trans 11), total n-3, total PUFA, total n-3/total n-6 ratio, and a lower cholesterol concentration. The RB sausage formulations with higher percentages of goat meat had lower total saturated and an acceptable ratio of (C18:0 + C18:1) to C16:0. The NRB formulations with greater percentage of goat meat were more acceptable by the taters than the RB formulations.Key words: Goat meat; rice bran; fatty acids; 𝛼-tocopherol; cholesterol
Randomized study of nutritional status and treatment toxicities of oral arginine, glutamine, and Omega-3 fatty acids during concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Chitapanarux Imjai 
Published: December 2019

Background: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) are at high risk of dysphagia, malnutrition, and immunosuppression. Arginine, glutamine, and Omega-3 fatty acidsare immune-enhanced nutrition that can promote cellular immunity.We aimed to examine the impact of immunonutrition diet on nutritional status, and CCRT toxicities, in this group of patients.Methods: Forty patients with HNC who treated with curative CCRT were randomized to: group A (n = 20), patients who received a regular diet and dietary counselingby a protocol dietician; group B (n = 20), patients who received a regular diet plus immune-enhanced nutrition supplements and dietary counseling by the same protocol dietician. Outcome measures were weight loss, protein and energy intake, serum pre-albumin and albumin, and toxicities of CCRT were evaluated at baseline, weekly and at the end of treatment.Results:Both groups were well balanced at baseline.One patient from group A (1/20) withdrew consent. Seven patients from group B (7/20) withdrew from the study; 1 patient could not tolerate the side effect of chemotherapy and 6 patients could not tolerate the taste of oral immune-enhanced nutrition.A significant loss in total body weight was observed in group A patients (p<0.001), whereas not significant loss in group B (p=0.109). Median percentage change from baseline of energy intake was 19.6%, and 22.9% at the end of treatment for group A, and B, respectively. The circulating levels of nutritional markers, pre-albumin and albumin decreased after CCRT in both groups. There was a significantly decreased level of albumin in group A more than group B, at the end of treatment. During CCRT; 4 patients (20%) in group A and 1 patient(5%) in group B developed grade 3 mucositis, respectively. One patient (5%) in group A had grade 3 radiation dermatitis. Grade 3 – 4 hematologic toxicities, mainly in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were significant higher in group A than group B; 20% versus 0% (p=0.035).Over the 7-week period of CCRT, both intention to treat analysis and per protocol analysis revealed similar in scaled for all endpoints.Conclusions: Nutritional counseling and immuno-nutrition can reduce the deterioration of nutrition status and also significantly reduced hematologic and non-hematologic toxicity of CCRT in head and neck cancer.Keywords : immune-enhanced nutrition, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, head and neck cancer
Seaweed Fucoxanthin Supplementation Improves Obesity Parameters in Mild Obese Japanese Subjects
Authors: Hitoe Shoketsu , Shimoda Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

Background: Fucoxanthin is a seaweed xanthophyll that has demonstrated an anti-obesity effect in rodents. However, clinical investigations of its influence on mildly obese subjects has not been performed. We conducted a clinical trial of fucoxanthin supplementation in Japanese obese subjects. Methods: We examined the effect of fucoxanthin (1 or 3 mg daily) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Capsules containing fucoxanthin or placebo capsules were administered for 4 weeks to male and female Japanese adults with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m2. Before and after treatment, the body weight, body composition, abdominal fat area, and the circumferences of the neck, arm, and thigh were evaluated.Results: There was significant reduction of the relative (ratio versus before treatment) body weight, BMI, and visceral fat area in the 3 mg/day fucoxanthin group compared to the placebo group. Relative values of total fat mass, subcutaneous fat area, waist circumference, and right thigh circumference were also significantly lower in the 1 mg/day fucoxanthin group than the placebo group. A significant decrease of the absolute right thigh circumference was noted in the 1 mg/day fucoxanthin group compared to the placebo group. In the subjects ingesting fucoxanthin, there were no abnormalities of the blood pressure, pulse rate, blood parameters, and urinalysis parameters, which thereby suggests adverse effects. Conclusions: Fucoxanthin reduced body weight, BMI, and abdominal fat by acting on both visceral and subcutaneous fat. Consequently, Fucoxanthin may be able to improve a moderate overweight state in both men and women. Keywords: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial; fucoxanthin; body mass index; body weight; subcutaneous fat; adipose tissue
T lymphocytes alterations are associated with oxidized LDL, troponin T, white blood cells and C-reactive protein during acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Napoleão Patrícia , Selas Mafalda , Freixo Cláudia , Carmo Miguel Mota , Viegas-Crespo Ana Maria , Ferreira Rui Cruz , Pinheiro Teresa 
Published: December 2019

This article has been retracted. The correct version of this article has been published in: Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation 55 (3) (2013), 349-358, DOI: 10.3233/CH-121644.http://iospress.metapress.com/content/30h6436676866520/.
Modulation of hemorheological parameters by the erythrocyte redox thiol status
Authors: Almeida José Pedro , Carvalho Filomena Almeida , Freitas Teresa , Saldanha Carlota 
Published: December 2019

Background: There is growing knowledge about the association between hemorheological blood disorders and compromised microcirculation in erythrocyte abnormalities. Effects of the non-neuronal cholinergic elements, especially acetylcholinesterase, on the erythrocyte hemorheological parameters were characterized in the past. However, alterations of these parameters have not been studied under the influence of the cellular redox thiol status. Methods: Aliquots of venous blood from ten healthy male subjects were incubated in vitro with increasing concentrations of a thiol reducer agent (dithiothreitol 1, 10, 50 μM final concentrations) in the presence and absence of acetylcholinesterase substrate (acetylcholine) or inhibitor (velnacrine maleate). The following parameters were determined in all blood samples aliquots: erythrocyte aggregation, erythrocyte deformability and lipid membrane fluidity. Blood smears were performed. Results: Dithiothreitol induces no significant changes on the hemorheological behaviour of human red cells. Upon intracellular thiol stimulation, the presence of AChE effectors (either acetylcholine or velnacrine) decreases erythrocyte aggregation and elongation indexes. Conclusion: The addition of DTT to blood samples aliquots, contributing to the redox thiol status, is not directly involved in the modulation of erythrocyte rheological properties. However, upon acetylcholinesterase modulation by its substrate or inhibitor, changes on the hemorheological parameters are triggered by DTT. Associated pharmacological interest is considerable to address the hemorheology–hemostasis–microcirculation triad disorders.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus conventional ultrasound and MS-CT in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic dissection
Authors: Clevert D.-A. , Horng A. , Clevert D.-A. , Jung E.M. , Sommer W.H. , Reiser M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic results of different ultrasound techniques: B-scan, color-coded Doppler sonography (CCDS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic dissection in comparison to multislice computed tomography (MS-CT). Materials and methods: Between March 2006 and December 2008, 35 patients (28 males, 7 females) with a mean age of 58 years (range 37–87 years) with abdominal aortic dissection and 15 patients (11 males, 4 females) with a mean age of 53 years (range 42–78 years) without abdominal aortic dissection as a control group were examined with B-scan, CCDS and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) after injection of 1.0–1.2 cc of SonoVue (Bracco, Italy). The examinations were performed using a Sequoia 512 (Siemens/Acuson, Mountain View) system with CPS software. Standardized MS-CTA using a 16 or 64 row scanner (Somatom Sensation 16 or 64, Siemens Medical Systems, Forchheim, Germany) served as the reference standard. Results: The sensitivity of B-scan and CCDS for detecting abdominal aortic dissections were both 23/35 (68%); for contrast-enhanced ultrasound it was 34/35 (97%). Dissection membrane, differentiation of true and false lumen and flow direction within the true and false lumen were better detected by CEUS than by CCDS. The lack of angle dependence of the US probe and lack of flow and pulsations artifacts in CEUS made the examination procedure easier. All findings were confirmed by MS-CT. Conclusion: With contrast-enhanced ultrasound, diagnostic accuracy sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of abdominal aortic dissections is improved as compared to B-scan and CCDS. Dissection membrane and flow within the true and false lumen are clearly differentiated by CEUS. Thus CEUS is a promising alternative for patients whose condition does not allow an examination by CTA.
Shear resistance of human umbilical endothelial cells on different materials covered with or without extracellular matrix: Controlled in-vitro study
Authors: Hoepken S. , Fuhrmann R. , Jung F. , Franke R.P. 
Published: December 2019

A variety of medical grade polymeric materials are used in tissue engineering and biomedical technology. Dense non-porous polymeric foils were used as substrates for endothelial cell layers. Half a the test samples (polymers and control materials) were seeded with bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) which more or less covered the substrates with an extracellular matrix (ECM) in the consecutive culturing period. Afterwards the ECM covered as well as the uncovered materials were seeded with human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC seeded samples were cultured either under static or under dynamical conditions in a cone/plate rheometer with a mean low arterial shear stress of 8.2 dyn/cm2 to simulate the flow conditions in a coronary vein graft. With the exemption of polyvinyl chloride all other materials could be coated with ECM at least partially. Under static conditions the best results with respect to complete coverage with ECM and HUVEC were seen on polyester and polyurethane. Under shear load, however, the complete HUVEC layer together with the ECM detached from the polymer surface within a short time. ECM and HUVEC remained no longer than 43 minutes on anyone of the materials tested. The materials as supplied and tested were clearly not appropriate as implants in contact to the flowing blood.
Brain Injury and Later-Life Cognitive Impairment and Neuropathology: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
Authors: Chosy E. Julia , Gross Noele , Meyer Marnie , Liu Catherine Y. , Edland Steven D. , Launer Lenore J. , White Lon R. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Findings are inconsistent regarding the role of traumatic head injury in the subsequent development of neurologic outcomes. Objective: Examine the relationship between head injury and later cognitive impairment. Methods: A sample of 3,123 Japanese-American men was assessed for history of head injury and evaluated for cognitive impairment using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). For a subsample of 676 respondents, neuropathologic results from those with and without head injury were compared. Results: Although the crude model showed an association between history of head injury and later severe cognitive impairment, the relationship lost significance in the adjusted model (OR = 1.320, CI: 0.90–1.93), regardless of time between injury and impairment. Similar to cognitive impairment, hippocampal sclerosis was observed significantly more in the brains of respondents with a history of head injury in the crude model, but the relationship weakened in the adjusted model (OR = 1.462, CI: 0.68–3.12). After adjustment, decedents with a head injury demonstrated marginally higher brain weight (OR = 1.003, CI: 1.00–1.01). Conclusion: We did not find a relationship between head injury and subsequent cognitive decline in this cohort. The neuropathology results also displayed no strong association between history of head injury and specific brain lesions and characteristics. These results support other findings in prospective cohorts. However, they could be influenced by the demographic make-up of the sample (male Japanese-Americans) or by the observation that the majority reported only a single head injury.
Brain Bromine Levels Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathology
Authors: Agarwal Puja , Brockman John D. , Wang Yamin , Schneider Julie A. , Morris Martha C. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Bromine is a naturally occurring element that is widely present in the human environment in various chemical forms primarily as flame retardants, pesticides, and water treatments. Objective: In this exploratory study, we investigated the association of brain bromine concentrations on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology, cerebral infarcts, and Lewy bodies. Methods: The study was conducted in 215 deceased participants of the Memory and Aging Project, a clinical-pathologic cohort study. Brain bromine levels were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Multiple brain regions were assessed for diffuse and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, cerebral macro-and microinfarcts, and Lewy bodies. Standardized measures of AD pathology (Braak, CERAD, NIA-Reagan, global AD pathology) were computed. Results: In linear regression models, the higher brain bromine levels were associated with more AD neuropathology (Braak (p trend = 0.01); CERAD (p trend = 0.02); NIA-Reagan (p trend = 0.02). Conclusion: Bromine accumulation in the brain is associated with higher level of AD neuropathology. The potential deleterious effects of this element on AD need further exploration.
Association of Ultrasonographic Findings and Thyroid Malignancy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Trinchera Clint , Cruz Emmanuel Tadeus 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the association of thyroid malignancy and the following ultrasonographic findings: presence of solid hypoechoic nodule, irregular margins (infiltrative, microlobulated, or speculated), microcalcifications or disrupted rim calcifications with small extrusive hypoechoic soft tissue component, taller than wide shape of the thyroid nodule, and evidence of extrathyroidal extension.
Methods:
Design: Cross-Sectional Study
Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital
Participants: Records of patients admitted to the Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery ward with a diagnosis of nodular non-toxic goiter, multinodular non-toxic goiter, and thyroid malignancy who underwent thyroid surgery between January 2017 and June 2018 were considered for inclusion.
Results: A total of 33 patients, 7 males and 26 females, were included in this study. Patients’ age ranged from 26 to 69 years with an average of 46 years. Thirteen (39.4%) had malignant while 20 (60.6%) had benign histopathologic results. There was a significant association between presence of solid hypoechoic nodule (Fisher exact, n = 33, p = .0047), irregular margins and microcalcifications with malignant histopathology results (X2 (df = 1, N = 33) = 8.57, p = .003). No significant difference was noted in the proportion of subjects with malignancy according to taller than wide nodules (Fisher exact, n = 33, p = 1.000) or presence of extrathyroidal extension nodules or presence of extrathyroidal extension (Fisher exact, n = 33, p = .276). On multivariate analysis using logistic regression, only microcalcification was found to be a significant predictor of malignancy (OR = 8.96, 95% CI: 1.02 – 87.19, p = .05).
Conclusion: There was a significant association between presence of solid hypoechoic nodule, margins and microcalcifications with thyroid carcinoma. Only microcalcification was found to be a significant predictor of thyroid malignancy on ultrasound, although our confidence interval was broad.
Keywords: calcifications; thyroid; thyroid carcinoma; thyroid nodule; ultrasonography
Penyuluhan Penyusunan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia yang Inovatif Bagi Guru-Guru SMP di Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat
Authors: Isnaini Heri , Wikanengsih Wikanengsih , Kartiwi Yesi Maylani 
Published: December 2019

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan program pengabdian dalam rangka sosialisasi panduan penyusunan bahan ajar inovatif pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia bagi guru-guru SMP di kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Panduan bahan ajar yang disosialisasikan merupakan panduan bahan ajar yang inovatif berdasarkan pemanfaatan teknologi dan informasi berdasarkan pola masyarakat industri 4.0. Metode yang digunakan dalam sosialisasi ini adalah metode pendidikan dan pelatihan (diklat) sehingga hasil yang diharapkan menjadi lebih maksimal dan dapat menjadi rujukan bagi para guru dalam menyusun bahan ajar yang inovatif sehingga bahan ajar yang digunakan pada proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami pelajaran. Penyuluhan dan sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk mendesimenasikan panduan penyusunan bahan ajar Bahasa Indonesia yang inovatif berbasis animasi dan contoh bahan ajar teks dalam bentuk animasi yang diperuntukkan bagi guru SMP di kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat sehingga guru diharapkan memiliki kemampuan dan mengetahui variasi bahan ajar yang dapat disampaikan kepada para siswa. Selain itu, bahan ajar teks berbasis animasi dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap ilmu pendidikan khususnya pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.