bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Electrochemical Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Mg-Al-Mn Alloy Joints
Authors: Salleh S.H. , Zeng Z.R. , McNally E.A. , Birbilis N. , Musameh M. , Venkatesan K. , Kish J.R. , McDermid J.R. , Glover C.F. , Williams G. , Thomas S. 
Published: October 2020

Local scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), along with a scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), were used to spatially map anodic and cathodic regions in a complex assembly including a friction stir lap welded joint between two Mg-Al-Mn alloys, namely AM60 and AM30. The assembly investigated herein was comprised of the two base materials (AM60 and AM30) and a stir zone (SZ). The transitory electrochemical characteristics of the three regions were perceived from different electrochemical tests and have been correlated to their respective microstructures. Potentiometric and voltametric SECM performed on the assembly in 0.01 M NaCl revealed that during the first few minutes of exposure, AM60 and SZ regions act as dominant anodic regions in the assembly while after 2 h of exposure these regions transition to become cathodic relative to the AM30 region. Galvanic interaction between the different weld regions immersed in a significantly more conductive NaCl electrolyte was investigated by SVET. Under such conditions, filiform-like corrosion initiated, and propagated exclusively within the AM30 region, resulting in cathodic activation of the corroded surface. However, after approximately 5 h of exposure, the AM60 region preferentially dissolves following sufficient cathodic activation of the AM30 region.
New findings in oligogenic inheritance of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Gach Agnieszka , Pinkier Iwona , Wysocka Urszula , Sałacińska Kinga , Salachna Dominik , Szarras-Czapnik Maria , Pietrzyk Aleksandra , Sakowicz Agata , Nykel Anna , Rutkowska Lena , Rybak-Krzyszkowska Magda , Socha Magda , Jamsheer Aleksander , Jakubowski Lucjusz 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionCongenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results from a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, which is essential for the development and function of the reproductive system. It may be associated with anosmia, referred to as Kallmann syndrome, or a normal sense of smell. Numerous studies have proven that hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is not simply a monogenic Mendelian disease, but that more than one gene may be involved in its pathogenesis in a single patient. The oligogenic complex architecture underlying the disease is still largely unknown.Material and methodsTargeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to screen for DNA variants in a cohort of 47 patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The NGS panel consists of over 50 well-known and candidate genes, associated with hypogonadotropic state.ResultsHere we report the identification of new oligogenic variants in SPRY4/SEMA3A, SRA1/SEMA7A, CHD7/SEMA7A, CCDC141/POLR3B/POLR3B, and PROKR2/SPRY4/NSMF. These genes are known to contribute to the phenotype of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, yet our results point to potential new “partners” underlying digenic and trigenic patterns.ConclusionsThe finding supports the importance of oligogenic inheritance and demonstrates the complexity of genetic architecture in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It also underlines the necessity for developing fine-tuned guidelines to provide a tool for adequate and precise sequence variant classification in non-Mendelian conditions.
Socioeconomic costs of influenza complications in hospitalized children
Authors: Wrotek August , Czajkowska Malgorzata , Zawlocka Edyta , Jackowska Teresa 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionInfluenza may be correlated with a high number of complications and generate high costs of treatment. The study aimed to estimate the socioeconomic significance of hospitalized influenza cases.Material and methodsIn the 2015–2016 flu season 157 children (median age 17 months) were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics. The diagnosis was confirmed with the rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or both. The study assessed the direct and indirect costs of hospitalization, including the cost of treatment, work absence and the related income lost.ResultsThe frequency of complications among the children hospitalized was 57.3% (90/157), mainly due to pneumonia (31%) and bronchitis (23%). Patients with complications required longer hospital treatment (8 vs. 6 days, p < 0.01) and generated a higher total cost (€ 1042 vs. € 779, p < 0.01), including the patient’s and systemic costs (€123 vs. € 94, p < 0.01 and € 916 vs. € 690, p < 0.01, respectively). Patients with complications had a 3.5-fold higher risk of generating higher (i.e., above median) costs. The difference in the costs between children aged under 2 and those over 2 years old was greater than the difference between children aged under 5 and those over 5 years old (€ 358 vs. € 253).ConclusionsInfluenza complications generate higher systemic and patient’s costs, both direct and indirect. The group of children for whom the difference is especially marked is under 2 years of age.
Variability of PT-INR values measured by point of care devices INRatio/INRatio 2 and CoaguChek XS and standard laboratory method. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Komatsu Chikayoshi , Iseki Harukazu , Goto Shinichi , Goto Shinya 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionVarious point-of-care (POC) devices are available for measure- ment of PT-INR with whole blood in patients receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). However, the variability in values measured with various POC devic- es and traditional plasma-based laboratory measurement in clinical practice has yet to be clarified.Material and methodsPT-INR values measured with the same blood sam- ple by POC devices of INRatio/INRatio 2 (INRatio) and the CoaguChek XS portable INR monitor (CoaguChek) were compared with those measured with traditional plasma-based laboratory measurement (lab-INR) in 1,347 measurements from 393 patients. The difference between the PT-INR values obtained from Lab-INR and POC devicees were expressed as Δ. To quantify the relationships among values obtained by various methods, regression analysis and the Bland-Altman method were applied.ResultsPT-INR values measured with INRatio were higher than lab-INR with Δ = –0.33 ±0.38 (mean ± SD; 95% CI: –0.31 – –0.35). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the values measured with INRatio and lab-INR was 0.784. The PT-INR values measured with CoaguChek were not different from lab-INR with Δ –0.08 ±0.15 (mean ± SD; 95% CI: –0.07 – –0.09). The correla- tion between the value obtained with CoaguChek XS and lab PT-INR was high with Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.951.ConclusionsEven with the blood obtained from the same patients treated with the same dose of warfarin, the PT-INR values measured with INRatio were higher than traditional laboratory measurements. The apparent “qual- ity of warfarin control” is influenced by the methods of PT-INR measure- ments.
We are infected with the new, mutated virus UO-COVID-19
Authors: Kulesza Wojciech , Doliński Dariusz , Muniak Paweł , Derakhshan Ali , Rizulla Aidana , Banach Maciej 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionOptimism is boosted by leaders hoping for job creation, increased business spending, and a high consumption rate. In this research, we assessed the hazardous side effect for global health policies stemming from this optimism: unrealistic optimism (being unrealistically optimistic about future negative events), which may be responsible for new infections and may prevent the eradication of COVID-19. The goal of the research was not only to assess whether this effect exists and to find out whether such an effect is global but also to evaluate whether there are groups resistant to this effect (presenting a potential toolkit for reducing this effect).Material and methodsIn May and April of 2020, online surveys were administered among students in Iran, Kazakhstan, and Poland respectively to assess the unrealistic optimism/pessimism. In study 1/objective 1, the survey was conducted twice (in a period of about 3 weeks) to assess the potential change (due to the anonymous codes delivered by the participants, we were able to make follow-ups between the same participants) in time in the 3 countries. In the first wave, 1611 participants took the survey. In the second wave, there were 1426 respondents. In study 2, the survey was conducted among 207 Polish healthcare workers of the frontline hospital.ResultsIn study 1 across the 3 cultures (the first wave for unmatched data by the code of the specific participant F(1, 1608) = 419.2; p < 0.001, and for matched data F(1, 372) = 167.195; p < 0.001; ηp² = 0.31; ηp² = 0.21; the second wave for unmatched data F(1, 1423) = 359.61; p < 0.001; ηp² = 0.2, and for matched F(1, 372) = 166.84; p < 0.001; ηp² = 0.31), unrealistic optimism is present, and importantly it is constant in time. In study 2, unrealistic optimism was not found among healthcare professionals, who we hypothesized due to the medical knowledge are not inclined to be unrealistically optimistic t(206) = 1.06; p = 0.290, d = 0.07.ConclusionsMedical education of COVID-19 severity might reduce unrealistic optimism, which may be the reason why pandemic restrictions are not being respected.
Clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab with membranous nephropathy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Hongzhen , Li Hong-Yan , Zhou Tianbiao , Zhong Zhiqing 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionMembranous nephropathy (MN) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, and its prevalence is increasing. B lymphocytes activated by T cells produce antibodies. CD19+/CD20+ plasma cells may contribute to autoantibody and alloantibody production. Rituximab has been effective in treating MN in many clinical trials. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of rituximab with MN.Material and methodsWe searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov without language or publication date limitations. Studies were classified in high-risk, medium-risk and low-risk groups based on baseline proteinuria. Follow-up periods and different administrations of rituximab were also compared. Complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) were assessed to measure the efficacy of rituximab, and adverse effects were also extracted. Dichotomous data were expressed by the odds ratio (OR), and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used for the recruited studies.ResultsFourteen articles, including 17 studies, were included in this meta- analysis. The pooled OR of overall PR and CR remission rate was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.53–0.63; p = 0.003). No studies belonged to the low-risk group. The overall PR and CR remission rate in the medium-risk group was 0.56 (95% CI:0.36–0.73; p = 0.57). The pooled OR of overall PR and CR remission rate in the high-risk group was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53–0.65; p = 0.03). At the 12-month follow-up, the pooled OR of overall PR and CR remission rate was 0.51 (95% CI:0.43–0.59; p = 0.72). At the 24-month follow-up, the pooled OR of overall PR and CR remission rate was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.48–0.86; p = 0.07). The pooled OR of efficacy of rituximab at 375 mg/m2 × 4 was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.55–0.70; p = 0.001). Rituximab was tolerated in MN, and most adverse effects were mild. The pooled OR of infusion reaction rate of rituximab was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.13–0.44; p = 0.01) in MN. The pooled OR of cardiovascular-related event rate of rituximab in MN was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02–0.11). The pooled OR of infection rate of rituximab in MN was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03–0.12; p < 0.00001).ConclusionsRituximab is safe and effective in MN and a promising alternative treatment. More randomized control trials and studies on the role of MN are expected.
Räume des Experimentierens: Die Einführung von Sprühdrohnen in der digitalen Landwirtschaft
Authors: Pauschinger Dennis , Klauser Francisco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. This article investigates how new digital technologies are established in agriculture. It does so by drawing upon empirical data from a qualitative case study with a Swiss based but internationally operating start-up that has recently obtained the first authorisation to spray crop protection products on vineyards and fruit plantations with their home-made drone. Conceptually the article takes inspiration in Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) and challenges common understandings of overly urban centred approaches of how new technologies find entry in public policies. The authors argue that instead of seeing a straightforward process of implementing the new drone technology, there has been a joint-effort between the private company and federal institutions to experiment, improve and regulate the functioning of the sprayer drone. A process that is, so is argued, heavily marked by knowledge transfers and formalisations of new private-public alliances, that have been channelled through three particular spatial categories, relating to policy experiments, socio-technical experiments and strategic experiments.
In(ternet)filtratie: een roep om meer waarborgen?
Authors: van Overveld S.B.H. , Smits I.C. , Taylor Parkins-Ozephius C.M. 
Published: October 2020

In(ternet)filtratie: een roep om meer waarborgen?
Door middel van een grootschalige digitale infiltratieoperatie werd de dark market ‘Hansa’ in 2017 door de Nederlandse politie en het Openbaar Ministerie opgerold. De politie maakte gebruik van de bevoegdheid die haar op grond van artikel 126h Sv toekomt: de ‘klassieke’ infiltratiebevoegdheid. Kan deze infiltratiebevoegdheid zonder meer worden aangewend in een digitale context, of klinkt in dat geval een roep om meer waarborgen?
Een observatie van de verplichtingen van handelaren in tweedehands goederen
Authors: van der Pijll J.C. 
Published: October 2020

Een observatie van de verplichtingen van handelaren in tweedehands goederen – Noot bij ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2020:4137, 4138 en 4139
Augustus jl. heeft de rechtbank vonnis gewezen in de strafzaak tegen een pandjeshuis en de twee feitelijk leidinggevenden van dat pandjeshuis. In de noot bij deze vonnissen wordt ingegaan op de bewijs- en vrijspraakconstructie die de rechtbank heeft gebruikt voor de twee ten laste gelegde feiten. In het bijzonder komt artikel 437 Sr ter sprake en de strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid die daaruit voortvloeit voor de handelaar in de zin van dat wetsartikel.
De doorwerking van de strafrechtelijke onschuldpresumptie in de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure
Authors: Buisman S.S. 
Published: October 2020

De doorwerking van de strafrechtelijke onschuldpresumptie in de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure – Noot bij EHRM 28 mei 2020, appl.nr. 29620/07 (Farzaliyev t. Azerbeidzjan)
In deze annotatie staat de wederzijdse relatie tussen het strafrecht en het privaatrecht centraal. In het bijzonder gaat het om de vraag in hoeverre strafrechtelijke waarborgen, zoals de onschuldpresumptie, kunnen doorwerken in niet-strafrechtelijke procedures, zoals de civiele schadevergoedingsprocedure.
Evaluating Estrogen Receptor Immunohistochemistry on Cell Blocks From Breast Cancer Patients in a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Kimambo Asteria H. , Vuhahula Edda A. , Mwakigonja Amos R. , Ljung Britt-Marie , Zhang Li , Van Loon Katherine , Ng Dianna L. 
Published: October 2020

Context.—
Breast cancer biomarker assessment is critical in determining treatment and prognosis. In Tanzania, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is limited to surgical specimens and core biopsies. However, performing IHC on fine-needle aspiration biopsy cell blocks would offer numerous advantages.

Objective.—
To compare the performance between estrogen receptor (ER) IHC performed at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Tanzania and ER IHC performed at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), to demonstrate feasibility of performing IHC using cell blocks in Tanzania.

Design.—
Patients with breast masses were recruited prospectively from the fine-needle aspiration biopsy clinic at MNH. Estrogen receptor IHC results on cell blocks, performed at both MNH and UCSF, and corresponding tissue blocks, performed at MNH, were compared to determine concordance.

Results.—
Eighty-six cell blocks were evaluated by ER IHC at MNH, with 41 of 86 (47.7%) positive and 45 of 86 (52.3%) negative. Among 65 UCSF and MNH cell block pairs, overall ER IHC concordance was 93.8% (61 of 65) and positive concordance was 93.5% (29 of 31) (κ = 0.88, P &gt; .99). Among 43 paired UCSF cell blocks and MNH tissue blocks, overall ER IHC concordance was 88.3% (38 of 43) and positive concordance was 90.5% (19 of 21) (κ = 0.77, P &gt; .99). We compared 62 MNH cell block and tissue block pairs. Overall ER IHC concordance was 90.3% and positive concordance was 87.9% (κ = 0.81, P = .69).

Conclusions.—
Pairwise comparisons between ER IHC at MNH, on cell blocks and tissue blocks, with ER IHC at UCSF on cell blocks showed excellent concordance. We demonstrate that ER IHC on fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens can be implemented in resource-constrained settings.
Proposed Mechanism of Action of Topically Applied Autologous Blood Clot Tissue
Authors: Snyder Robert J. , Schultz Gregroy , Wachuku Chinenye , Rashid Arij M. , Ead Joey Karim 
Published: October 2020

Background: Chronic wounds, especially in patients with diabetes, often represent clinical challenges. Recently, the use of a topically applied blood clot has garnered significant interest. This stromal matrix contains viable cells that are autologous, biocompatible, biological, and consistent with a metabolically active scaffold. It has been shown to be safe, effective, and cost-efficient. However, the mechanism of action of this modality remains elusive. We sought to identify a potential mechanism of action of an autologous blood clot.
Methods: Review of clinical and scientific literature hypothesizes on how autologous blood clots may stimulate healing and facilitate the movement of critical substrates while lowering bioburden and fostering angiogenesis.
Results: Blood serves as a carrier for many components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, proteins, clotting factors, minerals, electrolytes, and dissolved gasses. In response to tissue injury, the hemostatic mechanism uses a host of vascular and extravascular responses initiating primary, secondary, and tertiary hemostasis. The scaffold created by the autologous blood clot tissue provides a medium in which the body can transform the wound from a nonhealing chronic condition into a healing acute condition. The autologous blood clot tissue also creates a protective setting for the body to use its own mechanisms to promote wound healing in an organized manner. This transient scaffold recruits surrounding fibroblasts and promotes cell ingrowth to foster granulation tissue remodeling. Cells in this matrix sense not only soluble factors but also their physical environments. This well-orchestrated mechanism includes signals from soluble molecules, from the substrate/matrix to which the cell is adherent, from the mechanical or physical forces acting on it, and from contact with other cells. Topically applied autologous blood clot tissue can lower bacterial bioburden while stimulating angiogenesis and fostering the movement of keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
Conclusions: Topically applied autologous blood clot tissue is a formidable cellular and tissue-based therapy that has been shown to be safe and effective. Although the central component of this therapy is blood, the autologous clot tissue creates a scaffold that performs as a biological delivery system that functions to control the release of growth factors and cytokines over several days.
Repairing Infrastructures
Authors: Henke Christopher R. , Sims Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

An investigation of the causes and consequences of the strange, ambivalent, and increasingly central role of infrastructure repair in modern life.
Infrastructures—communication, food, transportation, energy, and information—are all around us, and their enduring function and influence depend on the constant work of repair. In this book, Christopher Henke and Benjamin Sims explore the causes and consequences of the strange, ambivalent, and increasingly central role of infrastructure repair in modern life. Henke and Sims offer examples, from local to global, to investigate not only the role of repair in maintaining infrastructures themselves but also the social and political orders that are created and sustained through them. Repair can encompass not only the kind of work we most commonly associate with the term but also any set of practices aimed at restoring a sense of normalcy or credibility to the places and institutions we inhabit in everyday life.
From cases as diverse as the repair of building systems on a university campus, a conflict over retrofitting a bridge while protecting murals painted on it, and the global challenge posed by climate change, Henke and Sims assemble a range of examples to illustrate key conceptual points about the role of repair. They show that repair is an essential if often overlooked aspect of understanding the broader impact and politics of infrastructures. Understanding repair helps us better understand infrastructures and the scope of their influence on our lives.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Free-to-Play
Authors: Paul Christopher A. 
Published: October 2020

An examination of free-to-play and mobile games that traces what is valued and what is marginalized in discussions of games
Free-to-play and mobile video games are an important and growing part of the video game industry, and yet they are often disparaged by journalists, designers, and players and pronounced inferior to games with more traditional payment models. In this book, Christopher Paul shows that underlying the criticism is a bias against these games that stems more from who is making and playing them than how they are monetized. Free-to-play and mobile games appeal to different kinds of players, many of whom are women and many of whom prefer different genres of games than multi-level action-oriented killing fests. It's not a coincidence that some of the few free-to-play games that have been praised by games journalists are League of Legends and World of Tanks.
Paul explains that free-to-play games have a long history, and that the current model of premium sales is an aberration. He analyzes three monetization strategies: requirements to spend, where players must make a purchase to gain access; paying for advantage; and optional spending (used by Fortnite, among other popular free-to-play games). He considers how players rationalize or resist spending; discusses sports games and gacha-style games that entice players to make “just one more” purchase; and describes the framing of certain free-to-play games as proper games while others are cast as abusive abominations. Paul's analysis offers a provocative picture of what is valued and what is marginalized in discussions of games.