bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of The Effect Of Two-dose And One-dose Dexamethasone On Post-inﬂammatory Complications In Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Adetayo AM , Oyedele TA , Ajomoko AO , Adetayo MO , Adeyemi MO , Somoye MS , Gbotolorun MO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of administration of both preoperative and postoperative dexamethasone with that of only preoperative dexamethasone, and with that of a no dexamethasone (control) on reduction of pain, trismus and swelling following lower impacted 3rd molar surgery.
Methods: A prospective randomized controlled double blinded study at the dental clinic of Babcock University Teaching Hospital on 84 subjects that were divided into 3 groups. Group A had both preoperative and postoperative dexamethasone, while group B had only preoperative dexamethasone and group C was a 'no dexamethasone' group. Differential mean facial swelling, mouth opening and pain scores were compared within the three groups.
Results: The pattern of postoperative swelling, pain and trismus showed a general decrease from day 1 to 7, with group A showing the highest rate of decrease. On postoperative day 1, there was a difference between the swelling of groups A and C (p =0.01) and groups B and C (p = 0.02) and also between the pain scores of group A and group C (p = 0.01). On postoperative day 3, there was only a difference between the swelling of groups A and C (p = 0.02), but not in pain and trismus and no difference was seen in all the measured variables on postoperative day 7.
Conclusion: Administration of a combination of both preoperative and post operative dexamethasone to reduce the postoperative inflammatory sequelae that follows lower third molar surgery gave better results than administration of only a single preoperative dose.
Prevalence and correlates of adverse childhood experiences among adolescents living with HIV-AIDS in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemo S , Adeosun I , Ogun O , Adegbohun A 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Adverse childhood experience is a known risk factor for risky behavior and negative mental health outcomes. There is dearth of information on adverse childhood experiences among adolescents living with HIV-AIDS in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and correlates of adverse childhood experience among adolescents with HIV/AIDS attending two tertiary health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria.Method: Using a cross-sectional study design, 201 adolescents with HIV-AIDS attending out-patient clinics at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos and the Lagos state University Teaching Hospital completed the adverse childhood experience questionnaire (ACE) and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The data was analysed with SPSS version 20.
Result: The mean age of the participants was 13.88 (± 2.53) years, and 61.7% were males. High levels of adverse childhood experiences ( AC E > 4 ) were reported by 28.4% of the participants. Nearly three quarters (73.6%) were victims of physical abuse, while 48.7% and 11.8% had been emotionally and sexually abused. There was statistically significant association between high levels of adverse experiences in childhood and occupational class of the father (p=0.022), previous history of hospitalisation (p=0.027) and having HIV positive siblings (p=0.009).
Conclusion: There is a crucial need for interventions targeted towards prevention of physical, emotional and sexual child abuse, and other forms of adverse childhood experiences.HIV-AIDS, adverse childhood experiences, child abuse, adolescents
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among postpartum women attending a maternity Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Omoniyi MO , Adeosun II , Oluwaniyi SO 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The postpartum period is characterized by significant physical, social and psychological changes which could be overwhelming. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of suicidal behaviour in postpartum women six weeks after delivery.
Study design: This was a cross sectional study which consecutively recruited 235 postpartum women from the postnatal outpatient clinic of the Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Nigeria. Suicidal behavior was assessed with the Mini International Neuro-Psychiatric Interview (MINI). The Oslo Social Support scale and a socio-demographic questionnaire were also administered.
Result: The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 48 years with a mean age of 30.7 (± 5.0) years. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour was 11.1%. The factors associated with suicidality on bivariate analysis were unemployment (p=0.005), poor social support (p=0.002), lack of emotional involvement of partner (p=0.032) and high perfectionism personality trait in the postpartum women (p=0.003). On regression analysis, unemployment status (OR=3.05, 95% CI=0.978-1.459, p=0.016) and high perfectionism personality trait of the women (OR=1.29, 95% CI= 1.049-1.578, p=0.015) were significantly associated with suicidality.
Conclusion: This study underscores the need for comprehensive mental health evaluation among postpartum women for optimal maternal and infant health.
Orbital Cellulitis And Subperiosteal Abscess Of Frontal Bone Complicating Unilateral Pansinusitis: A Case Report
Authors: Akinola MA , Betiku AO , Adefalujo AP , Yusuf AOA , Sorungbe AO , Yahaya OP 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this report is to demonstrate that acute rhino-sinusitis may result in orbital cellulitis and even life threatening complications especially intracranial abscesses in children and young adults. Rare complications such as subperiosteal abscess seen in this patient may also occur Morbidity and mortality can be prevented through early diagnosis and treatment by relevant specialists.
Method: We present a case report and literature review on unilateral pansinusitis complicated with orbital cellulitis and subperiosteal abscess of the frontal bone.
Results: Following a diagnosis of orbital cellulitis and subperiosteal abscess of the frontal bone from a unilateral pansinusitis, an initial intravenous antibiotic was given for 72 hours, followed by a surgical drainage with subsequent rapid improvement.
Conclusion: Acute rhinosinusitis may be complicated by orbital cellulitis and abscess formation. Prompt referral to a tertiary health facility as well as ooperation between the Ophthalmologists and Otorhinolaryngologists is very important to prevent life threatening complications.
Key words: Orbital cellulitis, Pansinusitis, Subperiosteal abscess
Conceição Evaristo: da mulher negra à escritora
Authors: Silva Elen Karla Sousa da , Cardoso Sebastião Marques 
Published: April 2020

<p>Imersa na vivência dos negros, a literatura afro-brasileira descreve peregrinações, desencantos, sonhos, deslocamentos, trânsitos, encruzilhadas, errâncias e exílios; denuncia a exclusão do afrodescendente; evidencia a relação subalterna do negro em relação ao branco; e expõe tradições africanas emudecidas em nossa cultura. Nesse contexto, acreditamos que a literatura afro-brasileira não é uma concepção desenvolvida isolada do contexto da literatura denominada canônica, contudo requer outra problematização e necessita ser compreendida como um sistema heterogêneo, de movimentos de rupturas, ressignificações e afirmações. Desse modo, os escritores afrodescendentes intencionam, em suas produções, retomar temáticas relacionadas às suas ascendências e vivências, marcadas pela amargura de um ambiente que aparenta não lhes pertencer. Conceição Evaristo, através de Ponciá, consegue dar fala aos derrotados, que descobrem na literatura uma das escassas aberturas para a construção de uma nova realidade. Por fim, a autora é representante de uma escrita que não se limitada a lamentos, mas traz aflições, perturbações sobre questões referentes à identidade negra, escravidão, racismo, pertencimento étnico-racial autoral e ficcional, afetos, ancestralidade, errância, diáspora, corpo negro, religiosidade, branquitude, negritude e memória, uma literatura empenhada com as origens e os valores culturais afro-brasileiros e/ou africanos.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Ser ou não ser japonês? Um processo identitário em construção
Authors: Capuano de Oliveira Adriana , Yura Danielle 
Published: April 2020

<p>Este artigo analisa os processos identitários vivenciados pelos imigrantes japoneses no Brasil no século XX, ressaltando o período de privações e discriminações enfrentadas por eles durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. A marginalização dos japoneses acarretou a união desses imigrantes em torno de associações de caráter ultranacionalistas, como a Shindo Renmei. Essa conjuntura fortaleceu ainda mais o sentimento de ser um japonês que vive no Brasil, mas é um súdito fiel e leal às autoridades japonesas. Décadas mais tarde, quem perderia a guerra – dessa vez econômica – seria o Brasil, e os descendentes de japoneses viviam o fluxo inverso de seus pais e avós. Contudo, enquanto no Brasil são tratados como “japoneses”, no Japão vivem a estranha experiência de serem brasileiros com “cara de japonês”. O artigo está alicerçado em pesquisas teórico-empíricas das autoras que trazem à tona questões relevantes, como o impacto das restrições, censura na formação de identidades e o dinamismo do sentimento de pertencimento, que molda-se de acordo com o contexto histórico que o representa.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Negra ou pobre? Migrante ou despejada? Carolina de Jesus e o enigma das classificações (1937-1977)
Authors: Barone Ana Cláudia Castilho 
Published: April 2020

<p>A desigualdade urbana em São Paulo tem sido majoritariamente debatida como decorrência de diferenças econômicas na disputa pelo espaço. A obra de Carolina Maria de Jesus, no entanto, oferece indícios de que, além da pobreza, deve-se acrescentar o componente racial como fator operador dessa desigualdade. A trajetória descrita pela escritora é recuperada neste artigo como instrumento de legibilidade para o problema racial implicado nas ações de remoção de favelas nessa cidade. Os escritos de Carolina de Jesus oferecem um registro singular do período, do ponto de vista de alguém que vivenciou por dentro as políticas de desfavelamento em São Paulo. Confrontam-se os múltiplos significados do léxico empregado em sua obra com as práticas do poder público para as políticas habitacionais do período, permitindo entrever a distância entre as justificativas dadas para essas operações e as efetivas circunstâncias que as condicionaram.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Os negócios globais de uma companhia colonial: a Companhia Geral de Pernambuco e Paraíba e os negócios da China (1759-1783)
Authors: Dias Thiago Alves 
Published: April 2020

<p>A Companhia Geral de Pernambuco e Paraíba, sociedade mercantil formada com capital acionista e com intervenção diretiva e financeira da Coroa portuguesa, foi fundada em 1759 por negociantes portugueses com apoio do Marquês de Pombal e operou entre 1760 e 1780, em regime de monopólio comercial no Norte do Estado do Brasil, ou seja, nos territórios de Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande e Ceará. Com negócios em escala global de produtos americanos como o açúcar, pau-brasil e couros, essa companhia operou importantes mudanças no cenário mercantil colonial, notadamente na região em que deteve o monopólio comercial durante seus vinte anos de funcionamento, como preceituava seus estatutos. Depois de 1780, mesmo com a perda do monopólio, a Companhia não deixou de existir, tendo atuado na cobrança de dívidas dos negociantes na colônia, assim como na realização de negócios, com capitais próprios, como foi o caso de sua primeira viagem mercantil para a China. Este artigo visa analisar, a partir de uma perspectiva institucionalista, aspectos formais da formação e do funcionamento dessa companhia até o momento de realização de sua empreitada mercantil privativa na China, contribuindo para o debate sobre o papel do endividamento, do adiantamento da mão de obra escrava enquanto crédito e da rentabilidade dos negócios coloniais no aperfeiçoamento e giro do capital dos negócios mercantis europeus.</p><p> </p>
Estratégias e influências das comunidades de muçulmanos e baneanes em Moçambique: um estudo através da legislação sobre a posse de escravos (1727-1752)
Authors: Farrer Guilherme 
Published: April 2020

<p>Este artigo analisa as estratégias e a dinâmica de influência entre as comunidades de muçulmanos e baneanes em Moçambique através do estudo da legislação sobre a posse de escravos entre 1727 e 1752. Mostram-se indícios dos motivadores Índicos para a elaboração desta legislação e para sua revisão e questionamento – sobretudo um temor pela influência omanita em Moçambique –, concluindo-se pela compatibilidade da importância dos comerciantes muçulmanos e baneanes em suas reivindicações, a dependência econômica do papel destes pela esfera portuguesa, e a pouca eficácia na aplicação destas leis mesmo em locais onde a presença administrativa lusitana seria marcante, como era o caso da Ilha de Moçambique.</p><p> </p>
A formação, resistência e identidade da comunidade quilombola dos Candendês
Authors: Melo Renato Silva 
Published: April 2020

<p>Este artigo falará sobre os quilombolas dos Candendês, comunidade situada na localidade do Ponto Chique do Martelo, distrito de Barbacena, Minas Gerais. Busca-se reconstituir aspectos da história silenciada dos Candendês, pois os silêncios dos vencidos são reveladores dos mecanismos de manipulação da memória. Na formação de quilombos estava a luta contra a intransigência de senhores que desrespeitavam os ganhos que os escravos começaram a considerar como direitos. Por conseguinte, a região de Barbacena se caracterizou pela presença de pequenos plantéis de escravos adquiridos no tráfico interprovincial. Mostra-se que o território dos Candendês teve o reconhecimento pelo Estado ao delimitar as áreas de fronteiras em 1911. E, amparando-se na documentação e nas leis, pode-se afirmar que os Candendês são os legítimos herdeiros daquelas terras da região mineira.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
A cara da escravidão e a cara da liberdade: honra e infâmia (Corte do Brasil, 1809-1833)
Authors: Ferreira Roberto Guedes , Boscaro Ana Paula 
Published: April 2020

<p>Referente ao Sul-Sudeste escravista do Brasil nas três primeiras décadas do século XIX, o artigo aborda assunto pouco conhecido pela historiografia: literalmente, a cara da escravidão e a cara da liberdade. A construção da face nesta sociedade escravista estava relacionada à infâmia da escravidão e à honra da liberdade, o que levou a diferentes percepções/classificações dos rostos por agentes da Polícia da Corte do Brasil. Protagonistas de suas aparências, homens livres, forros e escravos, de diferentes naturalidades, tiveram seus “retratos falados” descritos conforme suas condições jurídicas, origens e faixas etárias. Eram homens em trânsito que saíam do Rio de Janeiro para vários destinos. A barba era um atributo crucial para atestar honra-liberdade, e sua ausência ou pouco volume caracterizavam faces escravas. Para aferir a hipótese, utilizamos despachos de escravos e passaportes de viajantes emitidos pela Polícia da Corte entre os anos de 1809 a 1833, cruzados a gravuras de viajantes e dicionários de época.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Management of central nervous system relapse in a young patient affected by primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma: A case report
Authors: Marangon Miriam , Casadei Beatrice , Broccoli Alessandro , Argnani Lisa , Cavo Michele , Zinzani Pier Luigi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) relapse is an uncommon event with a dismal prognosis. We report about the successful management of CNS relapse with chemoimmunotherapy according to MATRix (methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab) protocol followed by autologous stem cell transplant.
Solid Solubilities of Sulfonamides and Use of Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions for Microparticle Production
Authors: Yang Tsung-Mao , Li Jin-Shuh , Yeh Tsao-Fa , Su Chie-Shaan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe solubility of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients in supercritical fluids is a major thermodynamic criterion for selection and screening of microparticle generation processes. To develop an efficient method for solubility prediction, a solution model was adopted to establish the correlations of the solid solubilities of six sulfonamides in supercritical CO2. The model was capable of determining solubility correlations. Accordingly, it was attempted to simplify and generalize the model, yielding a predictive solution model, which provided order‐consistent solubility predictions. A case study for model extrapolation was conducted. After understanding the mechanisms underlying the solubility of sulfonamides, the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process was applied to produce microparticles of p‐toluenesulfonamide, an anticancer drug. The effects of RESS process parameters were investigated.
Dose escalation in the definite target volume
Authors: Watkins W. Tyler , Nourzadeh Hamidreza , Siebers Jeffrey V. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo introduce the definite target volume (DTV) and evaluate dosimetric consequences of boosting dose to this region of high clinical target volume (CTV)‐ and low organs at risk (OAR)‐probability.MethodsThis work defines the DTV via occupancy probability and via contraction of the CTV by margin M less any planning risk volume (PRV) volumes. The equivalence to within varying occupancy probability of the two methods is established for spherical target volumes. We estimate a margin for four radiation treatment sites based on modern images guided radiation therapy‐literature utilizing repeat volumetric imaging. Based on margins and patient‐specific DTV targets, the ability to dose escalate the DTV including the effects of spatial uncertainty was evaluated. We simulate delivery assuming violation of the underlying spatial uncertainty of 130%.ResultsContracting the planning target volume (PTV) by M and excluding PRV volumes, the DTV ranged from 7.3 to 93.6 cc. In a brain treatment, DTV‐Dmax increased to 66.8 Gy (145% of prescription isodose); in advanced lung DTV‐Dmax increased to 122.2 Gy (204% of prescription isodose), in a pancreatic case DTV‐Dmax was boosted up to 87.3 Gy (173% or prescription isodose), and in retroperitoneal sarcoma to 74.6 Gy (249% of prescription isodose). The high point doses were not associated with increased dose to OARs, even when considering the effects of spatial uncertainty. Simulated delivery at 130% of assumed spatial uncertainties revealed DTV‐based planning can result in minor increases in OAR Dmean/Dmax of 2.7 ± 2.1 Gy/1.8 ± 2.2 Gy with duodenum Dmax > 110% of prescription isodose in the pancreatic case. These dose increases were consistent with simulation of clinical, homogenous PTV‐dose distributions.ConclusionWe have proposed and tested a method to deliver extremely high doses to subvolumes of target volumes in multiple treatment sites by defining a new target volume, the DTV. Based on simulated delivery, the method does not result in significant increases in dose to OARs if spatial uncertainty can be estimated.
Electroencephalography in Predicting Short-Term Clinical Outcomes after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Choi Yun Ho , Song In-Uk , Chung Sung-Woo , Kim Taewon 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Early consciousness recovery after cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most explicit and self-evident prognostic factors for clinical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of electroencephalography (EEG) phenotypes according to the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society’s Critical Care EEG classification for predicting early recovery after CA.Methods:Consecutive patients admitted to the ICU after CA were enrolled. We analyzed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score within 10 days after CA and evaluated mortality within 28 days according to EEG pattern subtype.Results:Among the total of 71 patients, 9 had periodic discharges (PDs) EEG pattern, 4 had rhythmic delta activity (RDA), 8 had spike-and-wave (SW), 22 had low voltage, 5 had burst suppression, and 23 had other EEG patterns. Initial GCS scores, GCS scores 3 days after CA (or 3 days after targeted temperature management [TTM]), and 10 days after CA (or 10 days after TTM) were significantly different among EEG subtypes (p < 0.001, respectively) (Table 2). GCS scores were significantly higher in RDA and the other EEG group compared to the PDs, SW, low voltage, and burst suppression groups (p < 0.001). Significant group × time interactions were observed for the follow-up period between EEG phenotypes (p < 0.001) demonstrating the most increase in the other EEG pattern group.Conclusions:Consciousness states were significantly worse in the PDs, SW, burst suppression, and low-voltage groups compared to the RDA and the other EEG pattern within 10 days after CA. The degree of consciousness recovery differed significantly by EEG pattern subtype within 10 days.
Modernising Violence and Social Change in the Spanish Sahara (1957–1975)
Authors: Bengochea Tirado Enrique , Correale Francesco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Spain's last colony, Western Sahara, both efforts by the colonial power to stimulate development and the negative impacts of colonisation intensified between the end of the Ifni-Sahara War (1957–58) and the Spanish withdrawal in 1975. Spanish economical and geopolitical interests triggered an important industrial and urban development of the territory. Cities such as Laayoune, Villa Cisneros, Smara, and the Bou Craa phosphate deposits were to showcase Spanish modernising colonial policies.However, the effects of war, the control of colonial frontiers, and severe droughts during the 1960s strongly affected Sahrawi society. In this context, the Spanish colonial state developed new forms of control over the Sahrawi population, which included the progressive (forced) settling of nomadic people around military posts and Spanish cities, bringing about the adoption of new economic paradigms. Not only did the Francoist government distribute subsidies, both money and goods; it furthermore implemented policies aimed at controlling the Sahrawi way of life, particularly in the areas of hygiene, education, and gender relations. The essay analyses these “carrot-and-stick” strategies at the intersection of colonial control and forced sedentarisation with regard to the implementation of a market-oriented economy in Western Sahara.
Akzeptanz von psychiatrischen und somatischen Patientenverfügungen: ein Vergleich unter psychiatrischen Patienten und Fachpersonen
Authors: Hotzy Florian , Cattapan Katja , Orosz Ariane , Dietrich Bianca , Steinegger Brigitt , Jaeger Matthias , Theodoridou Anastasia , Bridler René 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Haltung gegenüber somatischen und psychiatrischen Patientenverfügungen (PPV) in der deutschsprachigen Schweiz.
Methodik Fragebogenerhebung bei Psychiatriepatienten, Psychiatern, Psychologen, Pflegefachpersonen und Peers anhand von drei Fallbeispielen.
Ergebnisse Die Haltung gegenüber Patientenverfügungen war insgesamt positiv. Verglichen mit Professionellen (79–100 %) fand die somatische Patientenverfügung (Tumorerkrankung) bei signifikant weniger Patienten (46 %) volle Zustimmung. Bei den beiden PPV (Anorexie und Manie) fanden sich keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede, jedoch waren Patienten (58 % und 84 %) leicht zustimmender verglichen mit Professionellen (31–50 % und 62–70 %).
Schlussfolgerung Bei breiter Akzeptanz der PPV scheint die Entwicklung von Interventionen angebracht, um dieses Instrument im klinischen Alltag stärker zu integrieren und zu nutzen.