bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise of a marine generalist predator and the fall of beta diversity
Authors: Ellingsen Kari E. , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Tveraa Torkild , Frank Kenneth T. , Johannesen Edda , Anderson Marti J. , Dolgov Andrey V. , Shackell Nancy L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDetermining the importance of physical and biological drivers in shaping biodiversity in diverse ecosystems remains a global challenge. Advancements have been made towards this end in large marine ecosystems with several studies suggesting environmental forcing as the primary driver. However, both empirical and theoretical studies point to additional drivers of changes in diversity involving trophic interactions and, in particular, predation. Moreover, a more integrated but less common approach to the assessment of biodiversity changes involves analyses of spatial β diversity, whereas most studies to date assess only changes in species richness (α diversity). Recent research has established that when cod, a dominant generalist predator, was overfished and collapsed in a northwest Atlantic food web, spatial β diversity increased; that is, the spatial structure of the fish assemblage became increasingly heterogeneous. If cod were to recover, would this situation be reversible, given the inherent complexity and non‐linear dynamics that typify such systems? A dramatic increase of cod in an ecologically similar large marine ecosystem may provide an answer. Here we show that spatial β diversity of fish assemblages in the Barents Sea decreased with increasing cod abundance, while decadal scale changes in temperature did not play a significant role. These findings indicate a reversibility of the fish assemblage structure in response to changing levels of an apex predator and highlight the frequently overlooked importance of trophic interactions in determining large‐scale biodiversity patterns. As increased cod abundance was largely driven by changes in fisheries management, our study also shows that management policies and practices, particularly those involving apex predators, can have a strong effect in shaping spatial diversity patterns, and one should not restrict the focus to effects of climate change alone.
Contrasting acclimation responses to elevated CO2 and warming between an evergreen and a deciduous boreal conifer
Authors: Dusenge Mirindi E. , Madhavji Sasha , Way Danielle A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations may warm northern latitudes up to 8°C by the end of the century. Boreal forests play a large role in the global carbon cycle, and the responses of northern trees to climate change will thus impact the trajectory of future CO2 increases. We grew two North American boreal tree species at a range of future climate conditions to assess how growth and carbon fluxes were altered by high CO2 and warming. Black spruce (Picea mariana, an evergreen conifer) and tamarack (Larix laricina, a deciduous conifer) were grown under ambient (407 ppm) or elevated CO2 (750 ppm) and either ambient temperatures, a 4°C warming, or an 8°C warming. In both species, the thermal optimum of net photosynthesis (ToptA) increased and maximum photosynthetic rates declined in warm‐grown seedlings, but the strength of these changes varied between species. Photosynthetic capacity (maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation, Vcmax, and of electron transport, Jmax) was reduced in warm‐grown seedlings, correlating with reductions in leaf N and chlorophyll concentrations. Warming increased the activation energy for Vcmax and Jmax (EaV and EaJ, respectively) and the thermal optimum for Jmax. In both species, the ToptA was positively correlated with both EaV and EaJ, but negatively correlated with the ratio of Jmax/Vcmax. Respiration acclimated to elevated temperatures, but there were no treatment effects on the Q10 of respiration (the increase in respiration for a 10°C increase in leaf temperature). A warming of 4°C increased biomass in tamarack, while warming reduced biomass in spruce. We show that climate change is likely to negatively affect photosynthesis and growth in black spruce more than in tamarack, and that parameters used to model photosynthesis in dynamic global vegetation models (EaV and EaJ) show no response to elevated CO2.
Adding to the knowledge on Patient and Public Involvement: Reflections from an experience of co‐research with carers of people with dementia
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Godfrey Maureen , Dunlop Marianne , Bosco Alessandro , Pollock Kristian , van der Wardt Veronika , Harwood Rowan H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient and Public Involvement (PPI) in research ensures that publicly funded research reflects the priorities of the people who will be affected by its results. Co‐research, a branch of PPI, is equal partnership between academic researchers and members of the public, who steer and conduct research together.ObjectivesTo propose a model for good practice in co‐researching with carers of people with dementia, by reporting and synthesizing the personal reflections of the academic and lay researchers around the methodological issues, benefits, and challenges of co‐research.DesignAn academic researcher and two lay researchers with lived experience of caring with someone with dementia collaborated in all stages of a qualitative research study, including development of the research protocol and topic guide, data collection, analysis and synthesis, and dissemination of findings. Throughout the study, the academic and lay researchers annotated reflections of their experience in personal diaries. Data from the diaries were synthesized and mapped out in a model for good practice in co‐research.ResultsCo‐research yielded benefits for all those involved and on research outputs. There were practicalities and challenges that required extra resources, in order to make the involvement of lay researchers meaningful and effective.DiscussionThe model for good practice illustrates overarching and stage‐specific guidelines, which can inform researchers and members of the public wishing to undertake good practice in co‐research.
The association between body mass index trajectories and cardiometabolic risk in young children
Authors: Li Xuedi , Keown‐Stoneman Charles D.G. , Lebovic Gerald , Omand Jessica A. , Adeli Khosrow , Hamilton Jill K. , Hanley Anthony J. , Mamdani Muhammad , McCrindle Brian W. , Sievenpiper John L. , Tremblay Mark S. , Maguire Jonathon L. , Parkin Patricia C. , Birken Catherine S. ,   for the TARGet Kids! Collaboration
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundRapid growth is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence and adulthood. Little is known about whether the association between rapid growth and increased CMR originates in early childhood.ObjectivesTo identify age and sex standardized body mass index (zBMI) trajectories and to examine the association between zBMI trajectories and CMR outcomes in children 0 to 60 months.Study designA longitudinal cohort study was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) in Toronto, Canada. Participants had repeated measures of weight and length or height performed from birth to 60 months of age. Latent class mixed modelling was used to identify the zBMI trajectories. Linear regressions were performed to determine the association between zBMI trajectories and the primary outcome, a CMR score, quantified as the sum of age‐ and sex‐ standardized waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, log‐triglycerides and negative high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), divided by √5. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the CMR formula as well as diastolic blood pressure and non‐HDL‐C.ResultsFour BMI trajectories were identified among the 1166 children. After adjusting for all covariates, children in the rapidly accelerating trajectory had increased total CMR score (β = 1.38, 95% CI 0.77; 1.99, P < .001) and increased waist circumference score (β = 2.39, 95% CI 1.92; 2.86, P < .001) compared to the stable low group.ConclusionsRapid growth during early childhood is associated with increased CMR in preschool children, largely driven by larger waist circumference.
Relationship between microstructure and electromagnetic properties of SiC fibers
Authors: Mo Ran , Yin Xiaowei , Li Mingxing , Ye Fang , Fan Xiaomeng , Cheng Laifei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe microstructure and electromagnetic (EM) properties of four kinds of SiC fibers have been studied. These fibers are composed of amorphous SiCxOy, SiC nanocrystallines, free carbon, and nanopores, whose volume fractions are analyzed quantitatively. The content of free carbon notably affects the fiber's conductivity: the logarithm of conductivity increases linearly with the increase in the free carbon content when the volume fraction sum of free carbon and SiC exceed the percolation threshold. The EM loss mechanism is mainly composed of the conduction loss caused by free carbon and the polarization loss caused by SiC nanocrystallines. The content of free carbon is the decisive factor for the type of EM loss mechanism: the proportion of conduction loss increases linearly with the increase in free carbon content. Conduction loss is necessary for good EM absorption property, and polarization loss favors broadband absorption. For SiC fibers dominated by polarization loss, excellent absorption properties can be obtained in composites with higher fiber volume fraction (>20 vol%), which is crucial for structural absorbing materials.
Efficient removal of bacteria from aqueous media with kaolinite and diatomaceous earth products
Authors: Johnson T. , Brineman R. , Schultze C. , Barkovskii A.L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
To understand the relationships between physical and chemical parameters of kaolinite and diatomaceous earth, and their capacities to remove bacteria from aqueous media. To determine the optimal aqueous media parameters for use of these products in water disinfection processes.

Methods and Results
Seven kaolinite and three diatomaceous earth products were evaluated. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus megaterium were used as proxy for bacterial pathogens. Fully calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth demonstrated the highest extent and consistency in removing all the bacteria. The removal depended on ionic strength and pH of aqueous media with 100 mmol l−1 pH 5 potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer revealing the highest (2 log per gram) extent of the removal. Al3+ cations enhanced sorption up to 4 log per gram.

Conclusions
Calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth are excellent sorbents for bacteria.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Fully calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth are perspective tools for wastewater and water disinfection against waterborne bacterial pathogens.
Psychometric testing of perceived implicit rationing of nursing care (PIRNCA)
Authors: Kalánková Dominika , Suhonen Riitta , Stolt Minna , Kurucová Radka , Katajisto Jouko , Žiaková Katarína , Gurková Elena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA) instrument and to report the prevalence of rationed care at university and faculty hospitals.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study was carried out at two university and five faculty hospitals in the Slovak Republic. Participants were 895 Registered Nurses recruited by the purposive sampling method between December 2017–July 2018. Data were collected using the PIRNCA instrument. Construct validity and reliability of the instrument were tested.ResultsThe prevalence of rationed care at university and faculty hospitals was identified as being 42.1%. Furthermore, 87.6% of nurses reported rationing one or more nursing care activities. Using both statistical methods when evaluating the PIRNCA resulted in the confirmation that the tool is valid and reliable.ConclusionRationed care is a common phenomenon at university and faculty hospitals. The PIRNCA is a suitable instrument to measure the phenomenon in adult acute care units because of its high reliability and validity. We recommend using the instrument in different contexts, not only for specific conditions that were presented for this study.ImpactRationed care at university and faculty hospitals has never been reported. Psychometric properties of the instrument that measures nurses´ perception of rationed care have never been evaluated by using different approaches. The most frequently rationed nursing care activities are those that nurses are competent to initiate on the basis of their knowledge and skills – the independent ones. The PIRNCA is a valid and reliable instrument. Hospital management can use the instrument to explore the prevalence of rationed care, followed by the application of prevention strategies. Our findings represent the base for further exploration of rationed care using the PIRNCA.
CXCR4‐SF1 bifunctional adipose‐derived stem cells benefit for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction‐related diseases
Authors: Li Xue , Xu Ao , Li Kai , Zhang Jie , Li Qin , Zhao Gang , Zhang Yue , Yuan Hang , Guo Yafei , Lin Ping , Huang Lugang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStem cell transplantation is a candidate method for the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction‐related diseases. However, there are still many problems that limit its clinical application. Here, we report the establishment of CXCR4‐SF1 bifunctional adipose‐derived stem cells (CXCR4‐SF1‐ADSCs) and their reparative effect on Leydig cell dysfunction. CD29+ CD44+ CD34− CD45− ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue and purified by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Infection with lentiviruses carrying the CXCR4 and SF1 genes was applied to construct CXCR4‐SF1‐ADSCs. The CXCR4‐SF1‐ADSCs exhibited enhanced migration and had the ability to differentiate into Leydig‐like cells in vitro. Furthermore, the bifunctional ADSCs were injected into BPA‐mediated Leydig cell damage model mice via the tail vein. We found that the CXCR4‐SF1‐ADSCs were capable of homing to the injured testes, differentiating into Leydig‐like cells and repairing the deficiency in reproductive function caused by Leydig cell dysfunction. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism underlying SF1‐mediated differentiation and testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells, and the B‐box and SPRY Domain Containing Protein (BSPRY) gene was proposed to be involved in this process. This study provides insight into the treatment of Leydig cell dysfunction‐related diseases.
Coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with immunoparalysis of monocytes and dendritic cells
Authors: Perros Alexis J. , Esguerra‐Lallen Arlanna , Rooks Kelly , Chong Fenny , Engkilde‐Pedersen Sanne , Faddy Helen M. , Hewlett Elise , Naidoo Rishendran , Tung John‐Paul , Fraser John F. , Tesar Peter , Ziegenfuss Marc , Smith Susan , O’Brien Donalee , Flower Robert L. , Dean Melinda M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) triggers a systemic inflammatory response that may contribute to adverse outcomes. Dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes are immunoregulatory cells potentially affected by CABG, contributing to an altered immune state. This study investigated changes in DC and monocyte responses in CABG patients at 5 time‐points: admission, peri‐operative, ICU, day 3 and day 5. Whole blood from 49 CABG patients was used in an ex vivo whole blood culture model to prospectively assess DC and monocyte responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added in parallel to model responses to an infectious complication. Co‐stimulatory and adhesion molecule expression and intracellular mediator production was measured by flow cytometry. CABG modulated monocyte and DC responses. In addition, DC and monocytes were immunoparalysed, evidenced by failure of co‐stimulatory and adhesion molecules (eg HLA‐DR), and intracellular mediators (eg IL‐6) to respond to LPS stimulation. DC and monocyte modulation was associated with prolonged ICU length of stay and post‐operative atrial fibrillation. DC and monocyte cytokine production did not recover by day 5 post‐surgery. This study provides evidence that CABG modulates DC and monocyte responses. Using an ex vivo model to assess immune competency of CABG patients may help identify biomarkers to predict adverse outcomes.
Influence of bleaching agents on the color change and translucency of resin matrix ceramics
Authors: Öztürk Caner , Çelik Ersan , Özden Asiye Nehir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the color change, translucency, and whiteness index of three different resin matrix ceramics and a resin composite subjected to different bleaching agents.Materials and MethodsTwenty disc‐shaped specimens (A2 shaded) for three different resin matrix ceramic brands (Groups Ena, Ulti, and Cera) (totally 60) were prepared using the CAD/CAM technique and 20 nanofiller composite specimens (Group Comp) (A2 shaded) with the same dimensions were prepared as the control group. The color change (∆E00), relative translucency parameter (RTP), and whiteness index (WID) of the specimens initial and after different bleaching procedures (home‐bleaching and office‐bleaching) were calculated using ∆E00, TP00, and WID formulas. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test with Bonferroni correction (α = .05) at the significance level of P < .05 were performed for the comparisons of ∆E00 values. The RTP and WID values were evaluated by using repeated measures ANOVA and multiple‐comparison test with Bonferroni corrections (α = .05) at the significance level of P < .05.ResultsBleaching procedure and material type were found to be significant regardless of bleaching type for RTP and WID values. Material type has a significant effect on the ∆E00 values. The highest color change values were determined in Group Comp (P < .05).ConclusionsBleaching procedures significantly affected the RTP values of Groups Ulti and Cera (P < .05). ∆E00 values for the resin matrix ceramics after the bleaching procedures were below the clinically acceptable values, regardless of the bleaching agent.Clinical SignificanceOptically, materials such as resin matrix ceramics have properties different from not only enamel and dentin but also among themselves. The possible effect of bleaching agents on these materials should be considered carefully while choosing the restorative material.
Thixotropy of sweetened condensed milk applied to flow fluid dynamics analysis of cylindrical pipes
Authors: Guimarães Bianca , Martins Maria J. N. , Flauzino Rodrigo D. , Basso Rodrigo C. , Telis Romero Javier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the rheological behavior of fluids and the parameters related to flow fluid dynamics is important for better designing equipment and enhancing processes in the food industry. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the rheological behavior of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) in the temperature range of 278.15 to 343.15 K, investigate the friction factor in laminar flow for this fluid, and evaluate the correlation between the rheological behavior obtained from fluid dynamics data and that obtained from rheological assays. The rheological properties of the SCM were determined in triplicate using an AR 2000 controlled tension rotational rheometer with a parallel‐plate and cone‐and‐plate geometry and the pressure drop measurement system consisting of stainless steel pipes connected to a 0.1 m3stainless steel cylindrical tank. Pseudoplastic behavior with thixotropy was observed, and the friction factor in laminar flow diverged from the theoretical value, with a maximum relative deviation of 42.4% for the data in the descending curve. The maximum relative deviation between the calculated pressure drop and the experimental values was 36.8%. A satisfactory correlation was obtained between the SCM rheological behaviors obtained using rheometer data and pressure drop assays.Practical ApplicationsSweetened condensed milk is one of the main products used in the production of sweets and desserts. Its production involves unity operations, for example, pumping and heat treatments. Correctly designing the equipment used in these operations, as well as enhancing the processing parameters, requires the understanding of fluid rheological behavior, specifically the changes induced when shear rates are applied to the fluid. In the present study, the correlation between the rheology of SCM indicated by fluid dynamics data obtained using a pipe and pumping system and the rheological parameters obtained via rheological tests using a rheometer was investigated to evaluate the behavior of this fluid during its flowing.
IL‐28B variant as a predictor in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Terashima Takeshi , Honda Masao , Toyama Tadashi , Shimakami Tetsuro , Shimizu Ryogo , Takatori Hajime , Arai Kuniaki , Kawaguchi Kazunori , Kitamura Kazuya , Yamashita Taro , Sakai Yoshio , Yamashita Tatsuya , Mizukoshi Eishiro , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin‐28B (IL‐28B) gene are associated with the effectiveness of interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection. Whether the IL‐28B genotype affects the course of treatment and the outcomes of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown.MethodsWe detected the IL‐28B SNP (rs8099917) using TaqMan PreDesigned SNP Genotyping Assays to assess the effects of the IL‐28B genotype on treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients with advanced HCC treated with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) between September 2003 and January 2015.ResultsThe study included 154 patients who received HAIC to treat advanced HCC, among which 27 (17.5%) had the minor genotype, IL‐28B rs8099917 TG or GG, and the others had the major genotype, IL‐28B rs8099917 TT. The objective response rates of patients with the minor or major genotype were 51.9% and 29.1% (P = 0.022), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the minor genotype remained associated with the response to HAIC (odds ratio, 2.620; P = 0.026). The median overall survival of patients with major or minor genotypes was 14.1 and 16.9 months, respectively, and the overall survival of patients with the major genotype was significantly shorter than that of patients with the minor genotype (P = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed that the major genotype was an independent, unfavorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 1.720; P = 0.024). Consistent results were obtained in selected populations after propensity score matching analysis.ConclusionsThe IL‐28B SNP (rs8099917) will serve as a useful predictor of the outcomes of patients with advanced HCC treated with HAIC.