bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of nutrients on ploidy‐specific performance in an invasive, haplodiplontic red macroalga
Authors: Krueger‐Hadfield Stacy A. , Ryan Will H. 
Published: April 2020

Worldwide, macroalgae have invaded near‐shore marine ecosystems. However, their haplodiplontic life cycles have complicated efforts to predict patterns of growth and spread, particularly since most theoretical predictions are derived from diplontic taxa (i.e., animals). To complete one revolution of the life cycle, two separate ploidy stages, often including separate haploid sexes, must pass through development and reproduction. In the case of the invasive, red macroalga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum, during the invasion of soft‐sediment estuaries throughout the Northern Hemisphere, diploid tetrasporophytes came to dominate all free‐floating populations and haploid gametophytes were consistently lost. The ecological hypothesis of nutrient limitation might contribute to an explanation of this pattern of tetrasporophytic dominance in free‐floating populations. Under this hypothesis, gametophytes should outperform tetrasporophytes under nutrient limited conditions, but tetrasporophytes should be better able to exploit optimal or even abundant nutrient conditions, such as in eutrophic estuaries. We sampled tetrasporophytes, male gametophytes, and female gametophytes from two sites each located on either side of the Delmarva Peninsula that separates the Chesapeake Bay from the Atlantic Ocean. We subjected apices excised from multiple thalli from each life cycle stage to a nutrient‐enriched and a nutrient‐poor seawater treatment and assessed growth and survival. While nutrient addition increased growth rates, there was no significant difference among ploidies or sexes. Gametophytes did, however, suffer higher mortality than tetrasporophytes. We discuss how nutrient‐dependent differences in growth and survival may contribute to observed patterns of tetrasporophytic dominance in soft‐sediment A. vermiculophyllum populations.
Epidemiological Study of Tibial Plateau Fractures Combined with Intercondylar Eminence Fractures
Authors: Lv Hongzhi , Zhang Qi , Chen Wei , Song Zhaohui , Zheng Zhanle , Zhang Yingze 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of tibial plateau fractures combined with intercondylar eminence fractures and identify the risk factors.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients with tibial plateau fractures who were treated in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018; 1020 patients (693 [68%] men and 327 [32%] women) meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria had a mean age of 45.2 ± 13.8 years. In total, 506 (50%) cases were left injuries, 495 (48%) were right injuries, and 19 (2%) were bilateral injuries. Among them, 458 (44.9%) with a mean age of 47.0 ± 13.9 years had intercondylar eminence fractures, including 324 men and 134 women. A total of 562 (55.1%) patients were identified without intercondylar eminence fractures, including 369 (65.7%) men and 193 (34.3%) women with an average age of 43.8 ± 13.6 years. The distribution characteristics of tibial plateau fractures with intercondylar eminence involved were identified. The potential associations among fractures and various other factors, such as age, gender, occupation, and mechanism of injury, were explored.ResultsThe highest proportion age group of tibial plateau fractures included the ages 35–54 years, with more men than women for both age groups. For males, the highest proportion age group was 35–44 years, and for females, it was 55–64 years (χ
2 = 71.336, P < 0.01). According to Schatzker classification, type IV tibial plateau fractures had the highest risk of intercondylar eminence being involved (70.6%) without significance with type V (69.5%) and VI (68.2%) but with greater significance with types I (11.9%), II (39.2%), and III (9.4%, χ
2 = 280.187, P < 0.01). Multiple analysis showed that simple fractures, including types I, II, and III (OR 0.108, 95% CI: 0.080–0.145), were less likely to involve intercondylar eminence fractures than complex fractures, including types IV, V, and VI. Patients aged >74 years were more likely to have intercondylar eminence fractures compared with other age groups. Retired patients (OR 4.332, 95% CI: 1.147–16.362) were more likely to have fractured intercondylar eminence.ConclusionThe current study revealed the characteristics of tibial plateau fractures, especially those involving intercondylar eminence fractures, as well as their proportion, distribution, and risk factors, which can be used as reference data for clinical assessment and surgical protocol selection.
Intraovarian regulation of folliculogenesis in the dog: A review
Authors: Songsasen Nucharin , Nagashima Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDog reproductive cycle is unique among other mammals in that females experience long and variable periods of ovarian inactivity. Neuroendocrine controls of the reproductive cycle have been thoroughly studied in the dog. However, there is little information regarding endocrine, paracrine and autocrine controls of dog ovarian folliculogenesis. Advancements in the understanding of mechanisms regulating dog ovarian follicle development will be helpful in the establishment of an approach to control cyclicity in this species. Furthermore, such information will likely be useful for the establishment of an in vitro follicle culture system to preserve fertility of genetically valuable disease models or endangered canids. This review highlights current knowledge on dog folliculogenesis with emphasis on endocrine, paracrine and autocrine controls of follicular development.
Numerical study of the transverse stability of the Peregrine solution
Authors: Klein Christian , Stoilov Nikola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe generalize a previously published numerical approach for the one‐dimensional (1D) nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation based on a multidomain spectral method on the whole real line in two ways: first, a fully explicit fourth‐order method for the time integration, based on a splitting scheme and an implicit Runge‐Kutta method for the linear part, is presented. Second, the 1D code is combined with a Fourier spectral method in the transverse variable both for elliptic and hyperbolic NLS equations. As an example we study the transverse stability of the Peregrine solution, an exact solution to the 1D NLS equation and thus a y‐independent solution to the 2D NLS. It is shown that the Peregine solution is unstable agains all standard perturbations, and that some perturbations can even lead to a blow‐up for the elliptic NLS equation.
Extracting new information from old waveforms: Symmetric projection attractor reconstruction: Where maths meets medicine
Authors: Nandi Manasi , Aston Philip J. 
Published: April 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction (SPAR) is a relatively new mathematical method that can extract additional information pertaining to the morphology and variability of physiological waveforms, such as arterial pulse pressure. Herein, we describe the potential utility of the method for more sensitive quantification of cardiovascular changes.
What advances does it highlight?
We use a simple example of a human tilt table to illustrate these concepts. SPAR can be used on any approximately periodic waveform and may add value to experimental and clinical settings, where such signals are collected routinely.

AbstractPeriodic physiological waveform data, such as blood pressure, pulse oximetry and ECG, are routinely sampled between 100 and 1000 Hz in preclinical research and in the clinical setting from a wide variety of implantable, bedside and wearable monitoring devices. Despite the underlying numerical waveform data being captured at such high fidelity, conventional analysis tends to reside in reporting only averages of minimum, maximum, amplitude and rate, as single point averages. Although these averages are undoubtedly of value, simplification of the data in this way means that most of the available numerical data are discarded. In turn, this may lead to subtle physiological changes being missed when investigating the cardiovascular system over time. We have developed a mathematical method (symmetric projection attractor reconstruction) that uses all the numerical data, replotting and revisualizing them in a manner that allows unique quantification of multiple changes in waveform morphology and variability. We propose that the additional quantification of these features will allow the complex behaviour of the cardiovascular system to be mapped more sensitively in different physiological and pathophysiological settings.
Very Low-Intensity Throughput X-Ray Computed Tomography of a Cast FeMnAl Steel Alloy
Authors: Green William H. , Cheeseman Bryan A. , Field Daniel , Limmer Krista R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technique is a widely applicable and powerful non-destructive inspection modality for evaluation and analysis of geometrical and physical characteristics of materials, especially internal structures and features. XCT is applicable to metals, ceramics, plastics, and polymer and mixed composites, as well as components and materiel. The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and its partners are currently investigating the use of cast iron-manganese-aluminum (FeMnAl) steel alloy material in support of weight reduction initiatives in Army Development Programs. Steel alloy FeMnAl has been identified as a key enabling material technology to reduce the weight in ground combat vehicle systems. A set of FeMnAl blocks each approximately 50.8 mm (2 in.) thick by 76.2 mm (3 in.) wide by 76.2 mm (3 in.) long, which had been sectioned from an industrially cast ingot (∼12,000 lbs.), were individually scanned by XCT using a conventional 450 kV X-ray source and a solid-state flat panel detector. Mainly due to the thickness of the blocks, as well as a desire to keep geometric unsharpness relatively small which affected overall scan geometry (set up), the scans had a very low response at the detector through the FeMnAl blocks. With the calibrated detector response through air (i.e., around a block) at 85–90% the response through the block was only 5–10%. The XCT scanning parameters and overall protocol used to mitigate the very low-intensity throughput and achieve acceptable scan image results will be discussed. Image processing (IP) methods used to segment porosity features in the FeMnAl blocks will also be discussed.
The role of the westerlies and orography in Asian hydroclimate since the late Oligocene
Authors: Wang Xin , Carrapa Barbara , Sun Yuchen , Dettman David L. , Chapman James B. , Caves Rugenstein Jeremy K. , Clementz Mark T. , DeCelles Peter G. , Wang Mi , Chen Jie , Quade Jay , Wang Fei , Li Zaijun , Oimuhammadzoda Ilhomjon , Gadoev Mustafo , Lohmann Gerrit , Zhang Xu , Chen Fahu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Interactions between midlatitude westerlies and the Pamir–Tian Shan mountains significantly impact hydroclimate patterns in Central Asia today, and they played an important role in driving Asian aridification during the Cenozoic. We show that distinct west-east hydroclimate differences were established over Central Asia during the late Oligocene (ca. 25 Ma), as recorded by stable oxygen isotopic values of soil carbonates. Our climate simulations show that these differences are present when relief of the Pamir–Tian Shan is higher than 75% of modern elevation (∼3000 m). Integrated with geological evidence, we suggest that a significant portion of the Pamir–Tian Shan orogen had reached elevations of ∼3 km and acted as a moisture barrier for the westerlies since ca. 25 Ma.
Lung biopsy in children: when is it useful?
Authors: Chan Corey David , Niyogi Anindya , Jaffray Bruce , Brodlie Malcolm , Gabra Hany 
Published: April 2020

AimTo provide a further insight into the usefulness of lung biopsy in children.MethodsLung biopsies in children from January 2007 to December 2017 were reviewed (n=39). The histology results were categorised as: definitive diagnosis, normal lung parenchyma, inconclusive.ResultsLung biopsy provided a definitive diagnosis in 25 (64%) cases. A suspected diagnosis was confirmed in 16 (41%) and a new diagnosis was found in 9 (23%) children. Histology was inconclusive in 11 (28%) cases and normal in 3 (8%). Fifteen (38%) children had treatment altered due to the biopsy result.ConclusionLung biopsy mostly confirmed the suspected diagnosis and was associated with a low procedure related morbidity (n=1) and mortality (n=0). Importantly, the biopsy result identified a pathology which altered treatment in over one third of patients. However, in a number of cases the histology was inconclusive, therefore careful patient selection is recommended to maximise diagnostic yield.
Association of the IgGN-glycome with the course of kidney function in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Singh Sunny S , Heijmans Ralph , Meulen Claudia K E , Lieverse Aloysius G , Gornik Olga , Sijbrands Eric J G , Lauc Gordan , van Hoek Mandy 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionInflammatory processes are thought to be involved in kidney function decline in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is an important post-translation process affecting the inflammatory potential of IgG. We investigated the prospective relationship between IgGN-glycosylation patterns and kidney function in type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsIn the DiaGene study, an all-lines-of-care case–control study (n=1886) with mean prospective follow-up of 7.0 years, the association between 58 IgGN-glycan profiles and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) per year and during total follow-up was analyzed. Models were adjusted for clinical variables and multiple comparisons.ResultsEleven traits were significantly associated with eGFR change per year. Bisecting GlcNAc in fucosylated and fucosylated disialylated structures and monosialylation of fucosylated digalactosylated structures were associated with a faster decrease of eGFR. Fucosylation of neutral and monogalactosylated structures was associated with less eGFR decline per year. No significant associations between IgG glycans and ACR were found.ConclusionsIn type 2 diabetes, we found IgGN-glycosylation patterns associated with a faster decline of kidney function, reflecting a pro-inflammatory state of IgG. eGFR, but not ACR, was associated with IgG glycans, which suggests these associations may represent renal macroangiopathy rather than microvascular disease.
Rubric-based debriefing to enhance nursing students’ critical thinking via simulation
Authors: Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Chan Maggie Mee Kie , Tsang Vivien Wai Yin , Pang Michelle Tsz Ha , Chan Claudia Kor Yee , Chau Pui Hing , Tiwari Agnes 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionDebriefing plays a vital role in effective simulation-based learning by providing feedback to students to foster their development of critical thinking in the learning.ObjectivesWe evaluated the effects of rubric-based debriefing on students’ critical thinking, level of confidence in performing tasks and communication.MethodThis is a quasi-experimental study. Final year nursing undergraduates (n=204) of a local university participated in the study. In the intervention group, students performed two 20 min simulation sessions individually with simulated patients followed by a 15 min individual rubric-based debriefing between the two sessions and had a 5 min of that at the end. In the control group, students performed the same simulation sessions followed by a 20 min individual rubric-based debriefing at the end. The primary outcome was comparing the critical thinking of students between two groups, which was assessed by The Northeastern Illinois University Critical Thinking Rubric. The qualitative data were collected by an open-ended question.ResultsBased on generalised estimating equation models, the intervention effect over time was found to be statistically significant (β=2.06, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.08) in enhancing students’ critical thinking. No statistically significant differences were reported in the self-perceived confidence levels between the intervention group and control group. Qualitative data reflected positive feedback from students on simulation activities.ConclusionsThis is the first study to provide evidence that a rubric-based debriefing enhances students’ critical thinking in simulation learning.
Designing authentic simulations in ROSE and EBUS for undergraduate laboratory
medicine students
Authors: Miranda Alina , Kelly Alison , Williams Vincent , Kelly Michelle 
Published: April 2020

Introduction
Simulation-based education (SBE) has successfully been implemented in
several healthcare professions, more so in the fields of medicine and nursing.
Laboratory medicine courses prepare medical scientists for employment in
pathology laboratories typically via a staged training regime. Laboratory
techniques related to the diagnostic disciplines are introduced to students in
a graduated fashion over time for the development of professional skills and
technical competencies. For students specialising in diagnostic cytology, there
are continual changes to the scope of practice of scientists in industry that
require advanced training at undergraduate level to meet expectations of
contemporary laboratory testing.

Methods
The National Health Education and Training in Simulation (NHET-Sim)
framework was applied to create and deliver bespoke simulations for laboratory
medicine students. This paper outlines the steps taken, including working with
actors and industry partners, to create simulations which contextualise the
pressures and team interactions during diagnostic procedures.

Findings
Supported by a range of expertise and personnel, five laboratory medicine
simulations were developed and delivered to final year students. Details of the
steps taken and range of scenarios are included for sharing and
discussion.

Discussion
SBE can contribute positively to student confidence in communication at
interdisciplinary and interprofessional levels in ways that can be essential to
successful patient management. Understanding that cytology has now evolved to
become part of a multidisciplinary approach to patient-centred care will
improve the overall patient outcome and experience to personalised
medicine.

Conclusion
This paper demonstrates how a high-fidelity SBE scenario can test
students’ decision-making around technical, clinical and diagnostic
competencies in a complex investigation that they would likely experience in
industry.
Scientific Communities Striving for a Common Cause: Innovations in Carbon Cycle Science
Authors: Whelan Mary E. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Badgley Grayson , Campbell J. Elliott , Commane Roisin , Frankenberg Christian , Hilton Timothy W. , Kuai Le , Parazoo Nicholas , Shiga Yoichi , Wang Yuting , Worden John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhere does the carbon released by burning fossil fuels go? Currently, ocean and land systems remove about half of the CO2 emitted by human activities; the remainder stays in the atmosphere. These removal processes are sensitive to feedbacks in the energy, carbon, and water cycles that will change in the future. Observing how much carbon is taken up on land through photosynthesis is complicated because carbon is simultaneously respired by plants, animals, and microbes. Global observations from satellites and air samples suggest that natural ecosystems take up about as much CO2 as they emit. To match the data, our land models generate imaginary Earths where carbon uptake and respiration are roughly balanced, but the absolute quantities of carbon being exchanged vary widely. Getting the magnitude of the flux is essential to make sure our models are capturing the right pattern for the right reasons. Combining two cutting-edge tools, carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), will help develop an independent answer of how much carbon is being taken up by global ecosystems. Photosynthesis requires CO2, light, and water. OCS provides a spatially and temporally integrated picture of the “front door” of photosynthesis, proportional to CO2 uptake and water loss through plant stomata. SIF provides a high-resolution snapshot of the “side door,” scaling with the light captured by leaves. These two independent pieces of information help us understand plant water and carbon exchange. A coordinated effort to generate SIF and OCS data through satellite, airborne, and ground observations will improve our process-based models to predict how these cycles will change in the future.
Remote Tropical Western Indian Ocean Forcing on Changes in June Precipitation in South China and the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Leung Marco Y.-T. , Zhou Wen , Wang Dongxiao , Chan P. W. , Lee S. M. , Tong H. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, remote influence originating from the tropical western Indian Ocean on June precipitation in South China and the Indochina Peninsula is documented. Based on numerical simulation and statistical analysis, it is noted that the warm anomaly in the tropical western Indian Ocean can induce a weaker-than-normal Walker circulation across the tropical Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. This further leads to a northeast–southwest-oriented western North Pacific subtropical high and a weaker-than-normal monsoon trough in the South China Sea. In addition, the weak monsoon trough is concurrent with an anomalous rising motion in South China and a sinking motion in the Indochina Peninsula. This enhances precipitation in South China and suppresses precipitation in the Indochina Peninsula on an interannual time scale. On the other hand, the warming trend in the tropical western Indian Ocean also supports the long-term trends of precipitation in the two regions.
Challenges of Measuring Abyssal Temperature and Salinity at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory
Authors: Anderson Nathan D. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Honda Makio C. , Cronin Meghan F. , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe deep ocean is severely undersampled. Whereas shipboard measurements provide irregular spatial and temporal records, moored records establish deep ocean high-resolution time series, but only at limited locations. Here, highlights and challenges of measuring abyssal temperature and salinity on the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) mooring (32.3°N, 144.6°E) from 2013 to 2019 are described. Using alternating SeaBird 37-SMP instruments on annual deployments, an apparent fresh drift of 0.03–0.06 psu was observed, with each newly deployed sensor returning to historical norms near 34.685 psu. Recurrent salinity discontinuities were pronounced between the termination of each deployment and the initiation of the next, yet consistent pre- and postdeployment calibrations suggested the freshening was “real.” Because abyssal salinities do not vary by 0.03–0.06 psu between deployment locations, the contradictory salinities during mooring overlap pointed toward a sensor issue that self-corrects prior to postcalibration. A persistent nepheloid layer, unique to KEO and characterized by murky, sediment-filled water, is likely responsible for sediment accretion in the conductivity cell. As sediment (or biofouling) increasingly clogs the instrument, salinity drifts toward a fresh bias. During ascent, the cell is flushed, clearing the clogged instrument. In contrast to salinity, deep ocean temperatures appear to increase from 2013 to 2017 by 0.0059°C, whereas a comparison with historical deep temperature measurements does not support a secular temperature increase in the region. It is suggested that decadal or interannual variability associated with the Kuroshio Extension may have an imprint on deep temperatures. Recommendations are discussed for future abyssal temperature and salinity measurements.