bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significantly Reducing Friction and Wear of Water‐Based Fluids with Shear Thinning Bicomponent Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Yurong , Wu Yang , Yu Qiangliang , Zhang Jiaying , Ma Zhengfeng , Zhang Ming , Zhang Liqiang , Bai Yanyan , Cai Meirong , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of low‐cost water‐based products with environmentally friendly, flame‐retardant, and excellent cooling performance is of immense scientific interest in lubrication. For this purpose, a series of water‐based lubricant additives have been developed, but most of them lack practical application due to the problems of volatility and viscosity. Herein, a novel semisolid supramolecular hydrogel lubricating material of 2,4,6‐triamino‐1,3,5‐triazin‐1‐ium diisopentyl phosphate is reported. The functionalized two‐component gelator molecule can self‐assemble through intermolecular interaction to form 3D network structure effectively traps the diethylene glycol or water‐glycol, thereby improving its viscosity and reducing water's volatile. The hydrogel forms an effective protective film on the steel surface during the running‐in process that endows unique characters of extreme‐pressure and abrasion resistance behaviors. Therefore, the hydrogel always maintains a low coefficient of friction in the load (from 100 to 1200 N) and frequency (from 10 to 40 Hz, at 400 N) conversion tests. This allows to generate potential applications in the field of lubrication, especially as a high water‐based lubricant applied in high load.
Interplanar Growth of 2D Non‐Van der Waals Co2N‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Jiang Jingyun , Yan Pengfei , Zhou Yannan , Cheng Zhenfeng , Cui Xinwei , Ge Yifei , Xu Qun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe design and synthesis of 2D heterostructured materials for water splitting are normally based on van der Waals (vdW) nanosheets, but this approach is gradually approaching a performance ceiling in terms of activity and stability. Herein, a novel heterostructured system is explored based on 2D non‐vdW and conductive nanosheets. Notably, the interplanar growth of 2D non‐vdW Co2N nanosheets is realized between graphene layers in the current collector of carbon fiber papers (CPs), generating an interlocking structure within CPs. The exposed surface of Co2N nanosheets possesses a high surface energy that anchors highly active CoNC, forming 2D CoNC@Co2N heterostructures outside CPs. This integrated electrocatalytic system bridged by non‐vdW Co2N nanosheets presents a low overpotential of 1.52 V and an excellent stability of 280 h, which outperform most bifunctional and nonprecious‐metal‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline media, owing to the nature of 2D non‐vdW nanosheets and the formation of strong and conductive connections among CoNC, nanosheets, and CPs.
Factors affecting heterotic grouping with cross‐pollinating crops
Authors: Viana José Marcelo Soriano , Risso Leonardo Alves , Oliveira deLima Rodrigo , Fonseca e Silva Fabyano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeterotic grouping based on the analyses of heterosis or combining ability and molecular diversity has not been consistent. The objectives of this study were to investigate the factors affecting heterotic grouping and the significance of the phenotypic and molecular data. We simulated grain yield and molecular data for nine populations, the nine selfed populations, the 36 interpopulation crosses, 225 doubled haploid (DH) lines (25/population), and their 25,200 single crosses. We assumed genetic control by 400 genes and genotyping for 50 and 192 simple sequence repeats (SSR)/single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We assessed heterosis, combining ability, and genetic diversity using a cluster and population structure analyses. We also performed a genetic diversity analysis based on gene frequencies. This analysis revealed seven (clustering) and four (population structure) heterotic groups. Concerning the phenotypic data, there was a consistent result indicating high heterosis between populations with average frequency of the favorable genes of 0.7 and 0.9 and populations with average frequency of the favorable genes of 0.1 and 0.3, and low average intragroup heterosis. This is in agreement with the analysis based on genes. Concerning the molecular data, the correlations between genetic distance with heterosis and specific heterosis were in the range 0.15–0.35 for SSR and in the range −0.14 to 0.01 for SNP. Heterotic grouping is affected by the degree of linkage disequilibrium between genes and molecular markers, the genetic structure of the sample, molecular marker type, measure of genetic divergence, method applied, and criterion for defining the best number of clusters.
De novo variant in AMOTL1 in infant with cleft lip and palate, imperforate anus and dysmorphic features
Authors: Rips Jonathan , Mor‐Shaked Hagar , Erdin Serkan , Yanovsky‐Dagan Shira , Eventov‐Friedman Smadar , Harel Tamar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAMOTL1 belongs to the Motin family of proteins that are involved in organogenesis and tumorigenesis through regulation of cellular migration, tube formation, and angiogenesis. While involvement of all AMOTs in development or suppression of cancers is relatively well described, little is known about the congenital phenotype of pathogenic variants in these genes in humans. Recently, a heterozygous variant in AMOTL1 was published in association with orofacial clefts and cardiac abnormalities in an affected father and his daughter. However, studies in mice did not recapitulate the human phenotype and the case was summarized as inconclusive. We present a female infant with cleft lip and palate, imperforate anus and dysmorphic features, in whom trio exome sequencing revealed a de novo variant in AMOTL1 affecting a highly conserved amino acid (c.479C>T; p.[Pro160Leu]). Bioinformatic predictions and in silico modeling supported pathogenicity. This case reinforces the conjecture regarding the disruptive effect of pathogenic variants in AMOTL1 on organ formation in humans. Studies of additional families will reveal the full phenotypic spectrum associated with this multiple malformation syndrome.
Outcome of 45,X fetuses with cystic hygroma: A systematic review
Authors: Levy Ariel T. , Berghella Vincenzo , Al‐Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis objective of this systematic review was to estimate live birth rate and explore prognostic indicators in fetuses with 45,X karyotype and a posterior cystic hygroma (CH). Electronic databases were searched and studies reporting pregnancy outcomes (termination, spontaneous abortion, demise, or live birth) for fetuses with 45,X karyotype and a CH diagnosed on ultrasound were included. For cases of survival, CH characteristics, presence of hydrops fetalis, or concomitant anomalies, delivery details, and postnatal outcomes were summarized. A total of 95 studies, including 535 cases, met inclusion criteria: 285 (53.3%) pregnancies were terminated, 72 (13.5%) had spontaneous abortion or demise, 164 (30.7%) had unspecified pregnancy failure, and 14 (2.6%) were live births. Among live births with data available, all CH measured 2–7 cm, more than half were septate, and almost all regressed in size or eventually disappeared. Hydrops fetalis was noted in five cases. Of the eight live births with neonatal outcomes available, three neonates died shortly after birth and five survived past the neonatal period. This review suggests that diagnosis of CH in a 45,X fetus is associated with an estimated live birth rate of 2.6%, but only 1% survive to infancy. Prognosis appears to improve with CH regression.
Inflammatory features and predictors for postsurgical outcomes in patients with nasal polyps stratified by local and systemic eosinophilia
Authors: Pan Li , Liao Bo , Guo Cui‐Lian , Liu Jin‐Xin , Wang Heng , Long Xiao‐Bo , Liu Zheng 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIn this study we aimed to identify inflammatory patterns and predictors associated with clinical outcomes in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients with different blood and tissue eosinophilia.MethodsA total of 535 CRSwNP patients were enrolled, and the expression of 35 biomarkers, together with eosinophil and neutrophil counts in nasal polyps, were analyzed in a subset of 249 patients. Patients were stratified on the basis of blood (≥0.5 × 109/L) and tissue (>10%) eosinophilia. Logistic regression models were applied to identify predictors of uncontrolled disease at least 1 year after surgery. Uncontrolled disease was defined according to the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020.ResultsAmong 535 patients, 38.5% showed inconsistent blood and tissue eosinophilia. In 249 CRSwNP patients, subjects with concomitant blood and tissue eosinophilia (group 1) showed marked mucosal type 2 inflammation, characterized by high levels of interleukin (IL)‐5, IL‐13, and eotaxin‐1, whereas subjects with normal blood and tissue eosinophil levels (group 4) demonstrated significant local neutrophilic inflammation with high expression of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor and subjects with selective tissue eosinophilia (group 2) showed intermediate and mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation. Subjects with isolated blood eosinophilia (group 3) showed low expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and IL‐10. Asthma, prior sinus surgery, and blood eosinophilia were the top 3 predictors for postsurgical uncontrolled disease. For subgroup analysis, sex in group 1, asthma in group 2, tissue IL‐10 and immunoglobulin E in group 3, and prior sinus surgery in group 4 were the strongest predictors of uncontrolled disease, respectively.ConclusionDifferent blood and tissue eosinophilia revealed distinct tissue inflammatory patterns in CRSwNP patients.
On the Eigen‐Mode Excitation of Linear Oscillators and the Earth's Polar Motion
Authors: Fang Ming , Liao Xinhao , Xu Xueqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBy transforming a 1D second‐order linear oscillator into a 2D first‐order polar motion differential equation, it can be shown that the finite smoothness (i.e., the presence of jump in finite order derivatives) of the applied Newtonian forcing constitutes the sufficient and necessary condition for instantaneous excitation of free eigen‐mode. This condition can be met by forcing functions originated from turbulent and multiphase fluid motions. Sub‐macroscopic transition time associated with astatic elastic deformation limits the physical smoothness of the applied forcing for the Earth's polar motion. Eigen‐modes can also be excited by an infinitely smooth forcing that has a finite domain of non‐zero values. The eigen‐period serves as a macroscopic timescale to characterize the inertia of a linear oscillator. If a zero mean irregular forcing of finite smoothness exhibits a high degree of randomness and the timescale is much shorter than the eigen‐period, then for negligible damping the eigen‐waveform will increase in proportion to the squareroot of time, while the waveform distortion is statistically a constant. As a result, the pattern of distinctive eigen‐oscillation will dominate the forced solution for longer enough duration.
Active sites and coke on aluminum sulfate for the rearrangement of propylene oxide
Authors: Zhang Baoqiang , Liang Mengnan , Zhu Yingluo , Ma Weihua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA solid acid catalyst aluminum sulfate was prepared and showed good performance for the propylene oxide rearrangement reaction. The selective adsorption of propylene oxide at different acid sites and the amount of acid sites on the catalyst was studied by the pyridine infrared. The results indicated that the rearrangement of propylene oxide on aluminum sulfate is catalyzed by Lewis acid sites. The rearrangement behavior of propylene oxide on the Lewis acid sites was then studied by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and a mechanism was proposed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the catalyst deactivation is mainly due to the decrease of active sites caused by the coverage of coke, so the coke decomposition was studied in order to regenerate the catalyst. The coke decomposition at different temperatures and atmospheres was studied by thermogravimetry–derivative thermogravimetry and in situ DRIFTS, and the results showed that some of the coke on the catalyst is hydrocarbon such as alkanes and olefins that decomposes at lower temperature and the other is aged coke or the graphite‐like carbon that decomposes at higher temperature, and the higher the oxygen content and temperature, the easier to remove the coke.
Locking the Dynamic Axial Chirality of Biphenyl Crown Ethers through Threading
Authors: Kimura Tomoya , Miyagawa Shinobu , Takaya Hikaru , Naito Masaya , Tokunaga Yuji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the syntheses of [2]rotaxanes comprising 23‐ and 26‐membered biphenyl crown ethers as the macrocyclic components and secondary ammonium ions as the dumbbell‐shaped components, and the locking of the dynamic axial chirality of the biphenyl moieties in these structures. Chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that our [2]rotaxane featuring the 26‐membered crown ether racemized at room temperature, but the racemization of the [2]rotaxane featuring the 23‐membered crown ether did not proceed at room temperature over a period of three days. After separation of the enantiomers of the [2]rotaxane incorporating the 23‐membered crown ether through chiral HPLC, we studied its racemization at elevated temperature. The rate of stereoinversion in dimethylsulfoxide (a polar solvent) was faster than that in o‐dichlorobenzene (a nonpolar solvent), and herein we discuss these kinetic parameters.
Ethical and regulatory issues in human gene editing: Chinese perspective
Authors: Lei Ruipeng , Qiu Renzong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the ethical and regulatory issues raised by gene editing. In the introduction of this paper, authors provide the background where the ethical and regulatory issues by gene editing have been raised including the scientific dimension of gene‐editing techniques. In the second part of the paper, the authors focus on ethical issues in human gene editing with the start of Huang Junjiu case and He Jiankui case. Here, the authors discuss the criteria for evaluating action, general ethical issues in gene editing, and try to answer two crucial questions: is it ethically justifiable to use human embryo in ex vivo genome editing study and is it ethically justifiable to perform heritable human genome editing? In answering the second question, the authors discuss the arguments against and for heritable human genome editing, methodological problem, and the building of an ethical framework for heritable human genome editing. In the third part of the paper, the authors focus on regulatory issues in gene editing including proactionary approach versus ethically thinking ahead approach, self‐regulation versus top‐down regulation, transparency versus confidentiality, and education versus punishment.
Characterization of a novel styrylbenzimidazolium‐based dye and its application in the detection of biothiols
Authors: Kolińska Jolanta , Grzelakowska Aleksandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel styrylbenzimidazolium dye containing a maleimide group 5 was synthesized and characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties [ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) light absorption and fluorescence spectra, fluorescence quantum yield, and fluorescence lifetime] were investigated. Spectroscopic characterization of the novel styrylbenzimidazolium‐based dye under various conditions is presented and its usefulness to detect biothiols proved. The addition of biothiols [l‐cysteine (l‐Cys), l‐homocysteine (l‐Hcy), l‐glutathione (l‐GSH)] to compound 5 in phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4) containing 10% CH3CN induced a 15–28‐fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity at 410 nm. The limits of detection of compound 5 for l‐Cys, l‐Hcy, and l‐GSH were estimated as 0.114, 0.118, and 0.059 μM, respectively. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of 5 using the PrestoBlue assay for HeLa cells was also determined. The examined compound revealed a slight cytotoxicity against HeLa cells under experimental conditions.
Rückkehr der Finnwale in die Antarktis
Authors: Herr Helena 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungAn der Westantarktischen Halbinsel kommt es seit einigen Jahren wieder vermehrt zu großen Finnwalvorkommen, nachdem die Art durch den kommerziellen Walfang fast ausgerottet wurde. Ein multidisziplinäres Forschungsprogramm widmet sich jetzt speziell der Untersuchung dieser Tiervorkommen. Mittels visueller Surveys, Satellitentelemetrie, Biopsiebeprobung und Fotoidentifikation soll erforscht werden, wo die Tiere, die sich an der Westantarktischen Halbinsel zur Nahrungssaison im antarktischen Sommer versammeln, herkommen, welche Habitateigenschaften zu den großen Ansammlungen führen und wie viele Tiere sich hier jährlich versammeln. Zusammen werden diese Erkenntnisse dazu beitragen, den aktuellen Populationsstatus der Tiere zu verstehen.
Rapid determination of rosmarinic acid and its two bioactive metabolites in the plasma of rats by LC–MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Wang Xiangyang , Qian Yuexin , Li Xue , Jia Xue , Yan Zhexuan , Han Min , Qiao Miao , Ma Xiaohui , Chu Yang , Zhou Shuiping , Yang Wenzhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRosmarinic acid (RA), an ester compound of caffeic acid (CA) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenyllacic acid, is widely distributed in the herbs of the Lamiaceae family and has shown a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. CA and FA (ferulic acid) are two bioactive metabolites in vivo after oral administration of RA; however, a rapid and robust analytical approach that can enable the quantitative assay of RA and two bioactive metabolites is still lacking. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was established that was capable of the quantitative determination of RA, CA and FA by negative‐mode multiple reaction monitoring within 7 min using a Zorbax SB‐C18 column and an isocratic elution. This assay method was validated as linear over the investigated ranges with correlation coefficients (r) > 0.9950. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <10.65%, and the accuracies (relative error, %) <−6.41%. The validated approach was applied to a pharmacokinetics study of RA and its two metabolites in rats after oral and intravenous administration. RA was rapidly metabolized in both administration modes, whilst the metabolites CA and FA were only detectable by oral administration. The absolute availability of RA was calculated to be 4.13%.
Comparison of breast cancer prognostic tests CanAssist Breast and Oncotype DX
Authors: Sengupta Aditya K. , Gunda Aparna , Malpani Sukriti , Serkad Chandra Prakash V. , Basavaraj Chetana , Bapat Ashok , Bakre Manjiri M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCanAssist Breast (CAB) is a prognostic test for early stage hormone receptor‐positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−) breast cancer patients, validated on Indian and Caucasian patients. The 21‐gene signature Oncotype DX (ODX) is the most widely used commercially available breast cancer prognostic test. In the current study, risk stratification of CAB is compared with that done with ODX along with the respective outcomes of these patients.MethodsA cohort of 109 early stage breast cancer patients who had previously taken the ODX test were retested with CAB, and the results respectively compared with old cut‐offs of ODX as well as cut‐offs suggested by TAILORx, a prospective randomized trial of ODX. Distant metastasis‐free survival after 5 years was taken as the end point.ResultsCanAssist Breast stratified 83.5% of the cohort into low‐risk and 16.5% into high‐risk. With the TAILORx cut‐offs, ODX stratified the cohort into 89.9% low‐risk and 10.1% into high‐risk. The low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups with ODX old cut‐offs were 62.4%, 31.2%, and 6.4%, respectively. The overall concordance of CAB with ODX using both cut‐offs is 75%‐76%, with ~82%‐83% concordance in the low‐risk category of these tests. The NPV of the low‐risk category of CAB was 93.4%, and of ODX with TAILORx cut‐offs was 91.8% and 89.7% with old cut‐offs.ConclusionsCompared to the concordance reported for other tests, CAB shows high concordance with ODX, and in addition shows comparable performance in the patient outcomes in this cohort. CAB is thus an excellent and cost‐effective alternative to ODX.
The relationship between psychological symptom ratings and crime in juvenile justice system involved young people
Authors: Hartsell Elizabeth N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRationalePrior research has not adequately examined the relationship between psychological state and offending. Limitations include over‐reliance on criminal convictions as the dependent variable, failure to examine a comprehensive set of psychological states, the limited nature of measures and the frequent use of cross‐sectional data that cannot ensure temporal ordering.AimsTo explore the relationship between five self‐reported psychological states—anxiety, depression, hostility, paranoia and psychoticism—and three types of offending—violent, non‐violent and marijuana use—reported 6 months later in a sample of justice system involved young people.MethodsData were acquired from the publicly available Pathways to Desistance dataset, a longitudinal study of 1262 young people (86% male) involved in the criminal justice system. Measures of psychological state were self‐reported using the Brief Symptom Inventory at project entry and self‐report offending measures 6 months later.ResultsNo psychological states were significantly associated with reports of marijuana use and depression was not related to offending. Anger and paranoia each predicted an increased variety of violent and non‐violent offending, while anxiety and psychoticism each increased the variety of violent but not non‐violent offending. Clinically significant states on one or more sub‐scales were related to variety of both violent and non‐violent offending.ImplicationsThese results suggest that early screening of psychological state may help identify young people at risk for offending. Further research might be directed at clarifying the extent of actual disorder and the nature of interventions that would best help not only those with a diagnosable disorder, but also those with aspects of their psychological state which trouble them, but which may not actually amount to disorder.
Versatile Spectroelectrochemical Cell for In Situ Experiments: Development, Applications, and Electrochemical Behavior
Authors: Bott‐Neto José L. , Rodrigues Marta V. F. , Silva Mariana C. , Carneiro‐Neto Evaldo B. , Wosiak Gabriel , Mauricio Junior C. , Pereira Ernesto C. , Figueroa Santiago J. A. , Fernández Pablo S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is Prof. Pablo S. Fernández from Campinas Electrochemistry Group (Brazil). The Front Cover shows an electrochemical submarine station, presenting an overly complex and unknown problem at its core. To solve it, researchers have sent three “electroships” equipped with high‐power lasers that emit photons with different energies, to attack the problem using as many weapons as possible. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000910.