bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology-Based Classification of Adjacent Segment Disease following Lumbar Spine Fusion
Authors: Louie Philip K. , Harada Garrett K. , Sayari Arash J. , Mayo Benjamin C. , Khan Jannat M. , Varthi Arya G. , Yacob Alem , Samartzis Dino , An Howard S. 
Published: October 2019

Background Adjacent segment disease (ASDz) is a potential complication following lumbar spinal fusion. A common nomenclature based on etiology and ASDz type does not exist and is needed to assist with clinical prognostication, decision making, and management. Questions/Purposes The objective of this study was to develop an etiology-based classification system for ASDz following lumbar fusion. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 65 consecutive patients who had undergone both a lumbar fusion performed by a single surgeon and a subsequent procedure for ASDz. We established an etiology-based classification system for lumbar ASDz with the following six categories: “degenerative” (degenerative disc disease or spondylosis), “neurologic” (disc herniation, stenosis), “instability” (spondylolisthesis, rotatory subluxation), “deformity” (scoliosis, kyphosis), “complex” (fracture, infection), or “combined.” Based on this scheme, we determined the rate of ASDz in each etiologic category. Results Of the 65 patients, 27 (41.5%) underwent surgery for neurogenic claudication or radiculopathy for adjacent-level stenosis or disc herniation and were classified as “neurologic.” Ten patients (15.4%) had progressive degenerative disc pathology at the adjacent level and were classified as “degenerative.” Ten patients (15.4%) had spondylolisthesis or instability and were classified as “instability,” and three patients (4.6%) required revision surgery for adjacent-level kyphosis or scoliosis and were classified as “deformity.” Fifteen patients (23.1%) had multiple diagnoses that included a combination of categories and were classified as “combined.” Conclusion This is the first study to propose an etiology-based classification scheme of ASDz following lumbar spine fusion. This simple classification system may allow for the grouping and standardization of patients with similar pathologies and thus for more specific pre-operative diagnoses, personalized treatments, and improved outcome analyses.
Process Parameter Impact on Suspension-HVOF-Sprayed Cr2O3 Coatings
Authors: Kiilakoski Jarkko , Trache Richard , Björklund Stefan , Joshi Shrikant , Vuoristo Petri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChromium oxide (Cr2O3) is commonly used as an atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) coating from powder feedstock in applications requiring resistance to sliding wear and corrosion, as well as amenability to texturing, e.g., in anilox rolls. Recently, high-velocity oxy-fuel spray methods involving suspension feedstock have been considered an extremely promising alternative to produce denser and more homogeneous chromium oxide coatings with lower as-sprayed surface roughness, higher hardness and potentially superior wear performance compared to conventional APS-sprayed coatings. In this study, the impact of process parameters namely auxiliary air cleaning nozzles and a transverse air curtain on suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel-sprayed Cr2O3suspensions is presented. The produced coatings are characterized for their microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance by cavitation erosion. The results reveal the importance of optimized air nozzles and air curtain to achieve a vastly improved coating structure and performance.
Influence of Innate Sludge Factors and Ambient Environmental Parameters in Biosolids Storage on Indicator Bacteria Survival: A Review
Authors: Fane S. , Vale P. , Bajón-Fernández Y. , Cartmell E. , Nocker A. , Harris J. , Tyrrel S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The potential health risks associated with sludge cake application to agricultural land are managed by controlling the levels of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria which indicate the risk of pathogen transfer. Analyses undertaken following post-digestion sludge dewatering have shown unpredictable levels of E. coli increase in stored sludge cake. Presently there is limited understanding on environmental parameters controlling the indicator bacteria density in storage and the contributory effects dewatering may have. This review aims to establish the state of current knowledge on innate and environmental factors influencing E. coli dynamics and survival in biosolids. A key factor identified is the effect of mechanical dewatering processes, which transform the sludge matrix environmental conditions through the increased availability of growth factors (e.g. nutrient and oxygen). Examples of storage practices from the agricultural and food industries are also discussed as successful methods to inhibit bacterial growth and survival, which could be extrapolated to the biosolids sector to regulate E. coli concentrations.

Graphic Abstract
Progression and Classification of Granular Osmiophilic Material (GOM) Deposits in Functionally Characterized Human NOTCH3 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Gravesteijn Gido , Munting Leon P. , Overzier Maurice , Mulder Aat A. , Hegeman Ingrid , Derieppe Marc , Koster Abraham J. , van Duinen Sjoerd G. , Meijer Onno C. , Aartsma-Rus Annemieke , van der Weerd Louise , Jost Carolina R. , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M. , Rutten Julie W. , Lesnik Oberstein Saskia A. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
CADASIL is a NOTCH3-associated cerebral small vessel disease. A pathological ultrastructural disease hallmark is the presence of NOTCH3-protein containing deposits called granular osmiophilic material (GOM), in small arteries. How these GOM deposits develop over time and what their role is in disease progression is largely unknown. Here, we studied the progression of GOM deposits in humanized transgenic NOTCH3Arg182Cys mice, compared them to GOM deposits in patient material, and determined whether GOM deposits in mice are associated with a functional CADASIL phenotype. We found that GOM deposits are not static, but rather progress in ageing mice, both in terms of size and aspect. We devised a GOM classification system, reflecting size, morphology and electron density. Six-month-old mice showed mostly early stage GOM, whereas older mice and patient vessels showed predominantly advanced stage GOM, but also early stage GOM. Mutant mice did not develop the most severe GOM stage seen in patient material. This absence of end-stage GOM in mice was associated with an overall lack of histological vascular pathology, which may explain why the mice did not reveal functional deficits in cerebral blood flow, cognition and motor function. Taken together, our data indicate that GOM progress over time, and that new GOM deposits are continuously being formed. The GOM staging system we introduce here allows for uniform GOM deposit classification in future mouse and human studies, which may lead to more insight into a potential association between GOM stage and CADASIL disease severity, and the role of GOM in disease progression.
Nutrigenomics in livestock—recent advances
Authors: Nowacka-Woszuk Joanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study of the effects of nutrients on genome functioning, in terms of gene transcription, protein levels, and epigenetic mechanisms, is referred to as nutrigenomics. Nutrigenomic studies in farm animals, as distinct from rodents, are limited by the high cost of keeping livestock, their long generational distance, and ethical aspects. Yet farm animals, and particularly pigs, can serve as valuable animal models for human gastrological diseases, since they possess similar size, physiology, and nutritional habits and can develop similar pathological states. In livestock, the effects of dietary modifications have mostly been studied with reference to effective breeding and their influence on production traits and animal health. The majority of such studies have looked at the impact of various sources and quantities of fat and protein, supplementation with microelements, and plant-derived additives. The period of life of the animal—whether prenatal, neonatal, or mature—is typically considered when a modified diet is used. This review presents a summary of recent nutrigenomic studies in livestock.
Antiangiogenesis-Combined Photothermal Therapy in the Second Near-Infrared Window at Laser Powers Below the Skin Tolerance Threshold
Authors: Chen Jian-Li , Zhang Han , Huang Xue-Qin , Wan Hong-Ye , Li Jie , Fan Xing-Xing , Luo Kathy Qian , Wang Jinhua , Zhu Xiao-Ming , Wang Jianfang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Photothermal agents with strong light absorption in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region (1000–1350 nm) are strongly desired for successful photothermal therapy (PTT). In this work, titania-coated Au nanobipyramids (NBP@TiO2) with a strong plasmon resonance in the NIR-II window were synthesized. The NBP@TiO2 nanostructures have a high photothermal conversion efficiency of (93.3 ± 5.2)% under 1064-nm laser irradiation. They are also capable for loading an anticancer drug combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P). In vitro PTT studies reveal that 1064-nm laser irradiation can efficiently ablate human lung cancer A549 cells and enhance the anticancer effect of CA4P. Moreover, the CA4P-loaded NBP@TiO2 nanostructures combined with PTT induce a synergistic antiangiogenesis effect. In vivo studies show that such CA4P-loaded NBP@TiO2 nanostructures under mild 1064-nm laser irradiation at an optical power density of 0.4 W cm−2, which is lower than the skin tolerance threshold value, exhibit a superior antitumor effect. This work presents not only the development of the NBP@TiO2 nanostructures as a novel photothermal agent responsive in the NIR-II window but also a unique combined chemo-photothermal therapy strategy for cancer therapy.
Tensor products for Gelfand–Shilov and Pilipović distribution spaces
Authors: Toft Joachim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We show basic properties on tensor products for Gelfand–Shilov distributions and Pilipović distributions. This also includes the Fubini’s property of such tensor products. We also apply the Fubini property to deduce some properties for short-time Fourier transforms of Gelfand–Shilov and Pilipović distributions.
ON TORUS ACTIONS OF HIGHER COMPLEXITY
Authors: HAUSEN JÜRGEN , HISCHE CHRISTOFF , WROBEL MILENA 
Published: October 2019

We systematically produce algebraic varieties with torus action by constructing them as suitably embedded subvarieties of toric varieties. The resulting varieties admit an explicit treatment in terms of toric geometry and graded ring theory. Our approach extends existing constructions of rational varieties with torus action of complexity one and delivers all Mori dream spaces with torus action. We exhibit the example class of ‘general arrangement varieties’ and obtain classification results in the case of complexity two and Picard number at most two, extending former work in complexity one.
Respiratory viruses on personal protective equipment and bodies of healthcare workers
Authors: Phan Linh T. , Sweeney Dagmar , Maita Dayana , Moritz Donna C. , Bleasdale Susan C. , Jones Rachael M. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:To characterize the magnitude of virus contamination on personal protective equipment (PPE), skin, and clothing of healthcare workers (HCWs) who cared for patients having acute viral infections.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:Acute-care academic hospital.Participants:A total of 59 HCWs agreed to have their PPE, clothing, and/or skin swabbed for virus measurement.Methods:The PPE worn by HCW participants, including glove, face mask, gown, and personal stethoscope, were swabbed with Copan swabs. After PPE doffing, bodies and clothing of HCWs were sampled with Copan swabs: hand, face, and scrubs. Preamplification and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods were used to quantify viral RNA copies in the swab samples.Results:Overall, 31% of glove samples, 21% of gown samples, and 12% of face mask samples were positive for virus. Among the body and clothing sites, 21% of bare hand samples, 11% of scrub samples, and 7% of face samples were positive for virus. Virus concentrations on PPE were not statistically significantly different than concentrations on skin and clothing under PPE. Virus concentrations on the personal stethoscopes and on the gowns were positively correlated with the number of torso contacts (P < .05). Virus concentrations on face masks were positively correlated with the number of face mask contacts and patient contacts (P < .05).Conclusions:Healthcare workers are routinely contaminated with respiratory viruses after patient care, indicating the need to ensure that HCWs complete hand hygiene and use other PPE to prevent dissemination of virus to other areas of the hospital. Modifying self-contact behaviors may decrease the presence of virus on HCWs.
Meditation-induced psychosis: a narrative review and individual patient data analysis
Authors: Sharma Pawan , Mahapatra Ananya , Gupta Rishab 
Published: October 2019

Background:Meditation is associated with health benefits; however, there are reports that it may trigger or exacerbate psychotic states. In this review, we aim to collate case reports of psychotic disorders occurring in association with meditative practice and to discuss the relationship between psychosis and meditation.Methodology:We performed case-based analysis of all the existing studies published in English language using PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL and Google Scholar with the search terms; ‘Psychosis’ OR ‘Psychotic Symptoms’ OR ‘Schizophrenia’ AND ‘Meditation.’Results:A total of 19 studies and 28 cases were included in the review. The patients described had an age range of 18–57 years; there was equal distribution of males and females. The diagnoses included acute psychosis in 14 cases, schizophrenia in 7 cases, mania with psychotic symptoms in 3 cases, and schizoaffective disorder in 1 case. The types of meditation described were Transcendent, Mindfulness, Buddhist Meditation like Qigong, Zen, and Theraveda, and others like Bikram yoga, Pranic Healing, and Hindustan Type meditation. Of the 28 cases reported, 14 patients had certain precipitating factors like insomnia, lack of food intake, history of mental illness, stress, and psychoactive substance use.Conclusion:There are case reports of psychotic disorder arising in association with meditative practice; however, it is difficult to attribute a causal relationship between the two. At the same time, there is a body of research describing the beneficial effect of meditative practice in clinical settings for patients with psychotic disorders. Appropriately designed studies are needed to further investigate the relationship between meditative practice and psychosis.
Governing ethnic unrest: Political Islam and the Kurdish conflict in Turkey
Authors: Günay Onur , Yörük Erdem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow can we explain the mass appeal and electoral success of Islamist political parties? What are the underlying sources of the Islamist political advantage? Scholars have provided numerous answers to these widely debated questions, variously emphasizing the religious nature of the discourses in Islamist movements, their ideological hegemony, organizational capacity, provision of social services, reputation, and structural factors. However, one key aspect of Islamist movements has been underexplored in the current literature; namely, Islamists’ promises to resolve ethnic questions that remain unresolved in secularist nation-states. In this article, we argue that the extent to which Islamists govern ethnic unrest significantly shapes their electoral success and ability to establish broader hegemony. Based on ethnographic and sociological data, this article explores one particular recent electoral puzzle that reveals the limits of the scholarly literature on Islamist political advantage, examining the ethnic politics of the governing Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) in Turkey.
Clinical landmarks in chronic otitis media with tympanosclerosis: clinical history may have predictive value in the diagnosis of ossicular chain mobility
Authors: Dinç A E , Kumbul Y Ç 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate clinical characteristics of tympanosclerosis and to investigate the predictive value of clinical evaluation in diagnosing the ossicular chain status in tympanosclerosis.MethodsThe study included 166 ears operated on for chronic otitis media. Age, gender, duration of symptoms and history of ear drainage were recorded from the patient's file. Details of ossicular mobility were obtained from the operation records.ResultsThere was no difference in age or disease duration between ears with chronic otitis media with or without tympanosclerosis. The ears with chronic otitis media without tympanosclerosis had a higher rate of middle-ear suppuration compared to those with tympanosclerosis (p< 0.001). In chronic otitis media with tympanosclerosis, the ears with a mobile ossicular chain had a higher rate of active drainage in their clinical history compared to ears with a fixed ossicular chain (p= 0.026). Stapes fixation was present mostly in dry ears with tympanosclerosis (p= 0.005).ConclusionChronic otitis media with tympanosclerosis is characterised by the long-term absence of suppurations. The probability of having a fixed ossicular chain or stapes was higher in tympanosclerosis cases with no ear drainage.
The secular problem of evil: an essay in analytic existentialism
Authors: PRESCOTT PAUL 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe existence of evil is often held to pose philosophical problems only for theists. I argue that the existence of evil gives rise to a philosophical problem which confronts theist and atheist alike. The problem is constituted by the following claims: (1) Successful human beings (i.e. those meeting their basic prudential interests) are committed to a good-enough world; (2) the actual world is not a good-enough world (i.e. sufficient evil exists). It follows that human beings must either (3a) maintain a state of epistemic ignorance regarding the nature of the actual world or (3b) abandon their basic prudential interests. Theists resolve this problem by rejecting (2), only to confront the problem of evil as it is traditionally understood. Successful atheists also reject (2), but without adequate grounds for doing so.
“Place-ing” Dementia Prevention and Care in NunatuKavut, Labrador
Authors: Pace Jessica 
Published: October 2019

RÉSUMÉLe vieillissement de la population autochtone du Canada a mis en évidence l’importance du milieu de vie et de la culture sur la santé et la résilience dans le parcours de vie. La présente étude expose les résultats d’un projet Photovoix portant sur les expériences des Inuits du Sud lors de transitions associées au troisième âge et à la démence au NunatuKavut (Labrador). Dans cette région, la culture et l’environnement naturel occupent une place prépondérante dans les descriptions des activités de promotion de la santé et des trajectoires de soins. Ces facteurs peuvent contribuer au vieillissement en santé, offrir une protection contre le déclin cognitif et favoriser le maintien de l’identité des personnes atteintes de démence. Or, les modes de vie ancrés dans la terre ancestrale font l’objet de fortes pressions. Ces pressions affectent les perspectives des aînés Inuits du Sud de vieillir et d’être soignés « dans leur milieu ». Les résultats de cette recherche reflètent la nécessité d’élaborer des approches de soutien pour les aînés Inuits du Sud désirant vieillir dans leur milieu, en considérant les conceptions culturelles de la personne et les politiques et programmes qui promeuvent l’engagement envers la nature et la culture.
The social withdrawal and social anxiety feedback loop and the role of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways
Authors: Barzeva Stefania A. , Richards Jennifer S. , Meeus Wim H. J. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial withdrawal and social anxiety are believed to have a bidirectional influence on one another, but it is unknown if their relationship is bidirectional, especially within person, and if peer experiences influence this relationship. We investigated temporal sequencing and the strength of effects between social withdrawal and social anxiety, and the roles of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Participants were 2,772 adolescents from the population-based and clinically referred cohorts of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey. Self- and parent-reported withdrawal, and self-reported social anxiety, peer victimization, and perceived peer acceptance were assessed at 11, 13, and 16 years. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate within-person associations between these variables. There was no feedback loop between withdrawal and social anxiety. Social withdrawal did not predict social anxiety at any age. Social anxiety at 11 years predicted increased self-reported withdrawal at 13 years. Negative peer experiences predicted increased self- and parent-reported withdrawal at 13 years and increased parent-reported withdrawal at 16 years. In turn, self-reported withdrawal at 13 years predicted negative peer experiences at 16 years. In conclusion, adolescents became more withdrawn when they became more socially anxious or experienced greater peer problems, and increasing withdrawal predicted greater victimization and lower acceptance.
Geographic range and conservation of the Cipo CanasteroAsthenes luizae, an endemic furnariid of Brazilian sky islands
Authors: FREITAS GUILHERME H. S. , COSTA LÍLIAN M. , CHAVES ANDERSON V. , VASCONCELOS MARCELO F. , RIBEIRO LEONARDO C. , SILVA JULIANO C. , SOUZA RONEY A. , SANTOS FABRÍCIO R. , RODRIGUES MARCOS 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCipo CanasteroAsthenes luizaeis a relict ovenbird restricted to rocky outcrops at high elevations within thecampo rupestrevegetation of the Espinhaço Range in the state of Minas Gerais, south-eastern Brazil. This poorly known species is considered ‘Near Threatened’, but recent studies have suggested that it should be listed under a higher category of threat. To contribute to the knowledge of this species and its conservation assessment and related planning, we compiled all literature records of the species distribution (n= 16 locations), collected new data on its occurrence (n= 72 locations), and calculated its geographic range using four different approaches. First, we defined the sky islands where the species occurs (nine units) using the lowest elevation value recorded (1,100 m asl) as a cut-off. Second, we performed species distribution modelling (SDM) across the sky islands and identified an area of 2,225.21 km2. Third, we measured the species’ extent of occurrence (EOO = 24,555.85 km2) and used SDM to estimate its upper limit (EOOup = 30,697.58 km2). Fourth, we measured the area of occupancy (AOO = 228 km2) and used SDM to estimate its upper limit (AOOup = 1,827.39 km2). We analysed the Cipo Canastero sky islands in terms of landscape metrics including size, isolation, protected area coverage, shape index, core area index, and proportion covered by SDM. We observed a very fragmented distribution, especially in the North sector of the species distribution, composed of small and isolated populations (separated by up to 112 km); the South sector is the core of its distribution and is composed of larger, more connected patches with differences in shape complexity that are not strongly influenced by an edge effect. The range sizes calculated, along with other reported information regarding population and habitat trends, justifies the inclusion of the species in at least the ‘Vulnerable’ category.