bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithofacies and Biofacies Characteristics of Lower Carboniferous Carbonates in Central Taurides, Turkey
Authors: Atakul-Ozdemir Ayse , Altiner Demir , Ozkan-Altiner Sevinc 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The studied successions in the Central Taurides were mainly deposited in a shallow marine environment during the Early Carboniferous time. Conodonts are one of the most important microfossil groups for the Lower Carboniferous biostratigraphy. The measured sections are not rich in conodonts but important species including those of the Lower Carboniferous boundary conodonts. The conodont elements recorded in this study include Gnathodus cuneiformis, Gnathodus girtyi girtyi, Gnathodus girtyi simplex, Kladognathus sp., Lochriea commutata and Vogelgnathus campbelli. Based on the recovered conodont assemblages, Visean - Serpukhovian boundary has been recognized by the first occurrence of Gnathodus girtyi simplex. Conodont faunal variations in Paleozoic to Triassic marine deposits are generally environmentally controlled. Within the context of paleoenvironmental interpretations, different microfacies types could be determined by microfacies criteria reflecting patterns of the depositional environments. The types of microfacies and their environmental interpretations can provide a framework for conodont paleoecology. The defined facies types in BSE section are mainly crinoidal bioclastic packstone, bioclastic grainstone, sandy oolitic grainstone, quartz-peloidal grainstone and quartz arenitic sandstone facies. Crinoidal bioclastic packstones and bioclastic grainstones are suitable facies for conodonts owing to environmental conditions. Bioclasts associated with the conodonts are mainly crinoids, fusulinids, algae, echinoids, brachiopods and ostracods. Conodont elements could not be recorded from sandy oolitic grainstone and quartz arenitic sandstone facies due to the deposition in high energy environments under unstable conditions.
Analysis of Mining Influences on a Small Frame Railway Viaduct
Authors: Betkowski Piotr 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the article, the example of the rebuilding of the real bridge object shows, how to take into account the impact of mining area deformations on small frame railway viaducts integrated with the embankment. General principles are given, how to determine additional forces induced in the construction, such forces arise as a result of mining deformations on the surface of the area. It is discussed, how to shape the geometry of the bridge structure, so that in the future it will be possible to raise the level of the railway track even by several meters (in order to eliminate the local mining hollow), without rebuilding of the viaduct. Attention is paid to the necessity of shaping the foundations so that the impact on the subsoil tension under the embankment and under the viaduct is the same, so that the viaduct can settle in the same way as the adjacent railway embankment. In addition, technological aspects related to the adjustment of the viaduct to ground conditions (shallow, thin layers of cohesive-plastic soil typical for post-glacial areas in Poland on Silesia Upland) and protection of railway traffic continuity through a bridge type relieving construction are shown. The article is supplemented by the results of 8-years measurements of subsidence and displacements of the viaduct on the deforming mining ground and conclusions from observations. This method of analysis and conclusions may be used in further studies of the interaction between the embankment and the viaduct embedded in the embankment in the situation of active mining deformations of the area.
Methods of Springs Failures Diagnostics in Ore Processing Vibrating Screens
Authors: Krot Pavlo , Zimroz Radoslaw 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Large-scale vibrating screens are widely used in minerals processing industry. One of main components in any vibrating screen is a set of springs supporting the main body of machine with sieving material inside. These springs are subjected to cyclic loading and fatigue. Changing of their stiffness and subsequent failures have influence on the sieving efficiency and are difficult to predict, hence, online condition monitoring is required. Visual inspection and non-destructive diagnostic methods are not sufficient in this case. Noisy signals from vibration sensors installed on bearings supports of rotating unbalanced exciters are preferably used for diagnostics of spring failures. In this research, vibrating screen motion is represented by multi-DOF (degree-of-freedom) dynamic model, which accounts stochastic disturbances from incoming material and impacts on sieving decks. Specific features of vibration signals are analysed to identify springs deterioration modelled as the bilinear stiffness characteristics. Phase space plots (PSP) are considered as the promising method to recognise nonlinear behaviour of system under the presence of spring damage. Advantages are assessed of spring stiffness change and failures diagnostics as compared with other methods.
Numerical Simulation of Sediments Transport AO a River Sector as Distorted by a Crossing Structure
Authors: Popescu-Busan Ioana - Alina , Lazar Gheorghe I. , Constantin Albert Titus , Nicoara Serban-Vlad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a 1D numerical modelling of sediments transit on Someș River downstream of its confluence with Agrij tributary, specifically for a 352 m sector affected by a driveway crossing bridge right outside of Jibou Town building area, about 25 km from Zalău Municipality in the North-West of Romania. There was considered a quasi-transitory flow regime as assimilated from a three years data available period of time, i.e. from August 1st, 1985, to July 31st, 1988. As considering the on-site findings and concluding general riverbed restoration suggestions of a technical expertise ordered by the Rivers National Administration, the performed numerical model comes in support of the technical solutions stipulated by a feasibility study conducted by the authors with respect to streambed balance achievement in the range of the mentioned bridge. Specifically, the following main interventions were implied: the accomplishment of a downstream bottom step to break the general scouring phenomenon in the structure vicinity and to produce the re-siltation of the central gaps, and the execution of two upstream river groins designated to lead the flow and carried alluvia towards the bridge central area. Thus, the numerical simulation performed by the help of HEC-RAS 5.0.6 specialized software package looks to establish the optimum location and geometry for the bottom step as correlated with bridge area re-siltation and general scouring on the modelled river sector. Specific structural results and flow parameters outcome – water surface level and velocity development – together with important general sediments transport information (e.g. flexible streambed configuration evolution) was concluded from the reached graphical output.
Coal Mines Risk Modelling Using Energy Spread
Authors: Krysa Zbigniew , Dudek Michal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The growing importance of the cost of electricity in coal mining, changes in the value chain in recent years and new commodity exchanges cause that mine operators independently or vertically integrated with power plants have possibility to buy and sell coal and electricity and create a specific spread. The study of risk based on the concept of a new indicator: an intrinsic spread. The intrinsic spread is calculated as a difference between the income from the sale of coal and the cost of purchasing the energy required for the coal production. This indicator shows a market risk in the coal mine in a better way, because except for income it includes a part of the cost of exploitation which can be hedged in the exchange market. Spread calculations were made on historical data and simulation modelling. Based on time series of coal and energy prices for various contracts and spot prices obtained from the EEX the impact of the type of contracts on the volatility of the intrinsic spread in subsequent periods measured by the standard deviation of returns has been analysed. It was found that hedge using futures helps to reduce the risk in the mine. Modelling of coal prices and electricity was carried out by conventional financial market econometric models. The best-fitting econometric models are multivariate models and models based on the copulas. The simulation results show that the use of futures contracts contributes little to reducing the intrinsic spread volatility. An econometric model with the technical and economic parameters of the mine typical for hard coal mine has been built. Changes in fixed and variable costs have been simulated based on triangular distributions. Parameters for simulation were estimated based on the economic data from the mines. Additionally, coal and energy prices were dependent on the market volatility. Based on the economic model and Monte Carlo simulation it has been found that the proposed method may be helpful in reducing the coal mine market risk.
Temporal and spatial pattern variation analysis of grassland resources in Huize County, Yunnan, China
Authors: Sun Xiaoli , Li Dongsheng , Cheng Xianfeng , Ma Juan , He Wanrong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to study the spatial and temporal pattern variations of grassland resources and to promote the sustainable utilization of grassland resources, this paper, taking Huize County as an example, discusses the temporal and spatial pattern variations of grassland resources from the perspective of grassland resources comprehensive dynamic degree, different topographic conditions, geoscience information map and landscape pattern index. Remote sensing images in 2009 and 2016, the second national land survey database and the 2016 land use variation survey database were selected as the basic data source. The results show that: 1) from 2009 to 2016, Xinjie town and Tianba town have great variations in the comprehensive dynamic degree of grassland resources, while Wuxing town and Jinzhong town are the smallest variations. The number of grassland resources in the study area presents a spatial feature of “high in the north and south parts and low in the middle”; 2) topographic conditions have a certain impact on grassland resources. The grassland resources in the study area mostly exist in the areas with the elevation of 1800-2500m, the slope of over 25° and the aspect of sunny and semi-sunny. From 2009 to 2016, grassland resources net increase was 21134.51hm2. 3) From the perspective of geomatics information map and landscape pattern index, grassland resources have both increased and decreased from 2009 to 2016. The land conversion categories that have increased and decreased mainly include cultivated land, garden land, forest land, construction land, water area and other land types, among which the proportion of forest land variations greatly. Although the area of grassland resources increased, the number of grassland resources patches decreased. The average patch area increased, the proximity and aggregation between patches increased, and landscape fragmentation decreased, and the overall landscape pattern developed towards the aggregation direction.
Applications of Linear Systems in Contemporary Urban Design
Authors: Kwiatkowski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the fundamental disputes in the contemporary urban design is principal of shaping urban systems. The main focus of disputes and research is the clash of urban interior (and its multiplication – residential quarter) systems with freestanding building urbanism. The issue is also discussed from perspective of neighbourly bonds, contact with nature and access to transport. The concept of linear systems was supposed to be an alternative solution to the dispute. The father of the idea of linear cities was Arturo Soria y Mata. The first drafts about the concept appeared in 1882. Its priorities were based on transport accessibility and green zones. In the Polish urban design, the original concepts of linear systems were created by Oskar Hansen (Linear Continuous System) and Włodzimierz Gruszczyński (Ribbon City of Conjugate Transportation) at the turn of 60’s into 70’s. The theory of Hansen predicts creation of four stripes North-South across Poland. The theory was based on demographical and geographical research. To certain extend, Hansen managed to achieve some aspects of the theory. The examples can be seen in the housing estate Przyczółek Grochowski in Warszawa and in the housing estate Lubelska Spółdzielnia Mieszkaniowa in Lublin. The article tackles upon the strengths and weaknesses of linear systems. Their main assets are: transport accessibility, contact with greenery and ability to counteract the urban sprawl. However, the basic weaknesses are schematism and dullness of buildings and the problem of residential cell divided into two parts by long transport belt. Another discussed aspect is comparison between urban interior systems and linear systems. Transforming the structure of linear systems includes three processes – reduction of the scale of systems, naturalisation of the central transport belt and individualisation of the structure of building range. One of the methods opposing the dullness is integration of various types of buildings – “hybridisation.”Besides the enumerated above transformation processes, I think that it is crucial to break the schematism of the linear systems. The parallel belts of residential areas should be replaced by networks. Such networks would leave the enormous fields to untamed and natural space.
Geothermal Waters in Pamukkale as an Hydrogeological Model within the Menderes Massif, Turkey
Authors: Ozgur Nevzat , Kutlu Duygu Sengul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The area is located in the northern shoulder of the eastern part of the E-W trending continental rift zone of the Büyük Menderes and consists of Paleozoic rocks, Mesozoic limestones and sedimentary rocks in age of Eocene, Pliocene and Quaternary. The marbles, quartzites and carbonate rocks, limestones, sedimentary rocks, alluvium and travertine deposits are of passable rocks for geothermal waters. Geothermal waters of Pamukkale show outlet temperatures ranging from 35 to 48 °C and reservoir temperatures of between 150 and 180 °C and are of Mg-Ca-SO4-HCO3 type waters. Geothermal waters in Pamukkale are distinguished by Mg>Ca>Na+K as dominant cations and HCO3>SO4> Cl as dominant anions. The diagram of Na1/1000-K1/100-√Mg shows that the samples of Pamukkale are of immature waters. Finally, the geothermal waters in Pamukkale were represented as a hydrogeological model.
Compressive strength of basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) comparing on expanded clay and gravel as BFRC aggregate
Authors: Chiadighikaobi P C , Galishnikova V V , Kharun M , Koroteev D D , Dkhar P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is of great important that the compression strength of concrete is known in construction. The types of aggregate used in the concrete have great effect on the compression strength of the concrete. This paper looked into the compression strength of basalt fiber reinforced concrete when it bears expanded clay as aggregate and when it bears the usual gravel as aggregate. One thing to note is that the weight of both BFRC specimens vary as, the BFRC with expanded clay showed much lighter weight than that of BFRC with gravel. This weight difference was explained in the properties of the materials. The main aim of this research paper is to express the comparison differences between the two types basalt fiber reinforced concrete researched in this paper. This paper showed some literature reviews from the papers written from other authors on close and similar topics then, an experimental analysis was conducted to investigate and compare the compression strength of the two concrete mix which the results showed visible differences in the compression strength and crack resistance. From the experiment, it is seen that the concrete with expanded clay (lightweight expanded clay concrete and lightweight expanded clay basalt fiber reinforced concrete) has a rapid strength growth after the 14th day when compared to the usual (gravel) concrete or usual basalt fiber reinforced concrete. The compatibility of basalt fiber with expanded clay is excellent and can be seen from the result analysis.
The interaction between mathematics and architecture
Authors: Sergeeva E V , Moskvina E A , Torshina O A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mathematics and architecture have always been closely interrelated, the main methods of design in architecture has always belonged to mathematics. At the present stage in connection with the development of computer technology and the Internet began a new round in the relationship between mathematics and architecture. A competent architect should have excellent skills in painting and sculpture, as well as a good knowledge of mathematics. We came to the conclusion that the purpose of mathematical training in the University of students of construction specialties is the development of their mathematical competence. This requires: 1) students should be able to solve applied mathematical problems; 2) students should carry out projects related to their future professional activities; 3) students should be able to create mathematical models. We have developed criteria, indicators and levels of development of mathematical competence of students of the University, which allows you to organize control and measuring materials to assess the level of mathematical training of students.
The study of fuel mixtures with palm oil
Authors: Oshchepkov P P , Smirnov S V , Zaev I A , Vorobyev A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The search for alternative fuels for heat engines is an urgent task for scientists around the world. For diesel engines, vegetable oils seem to be the most promising. The use of a partial addition of vegetable oils to diesel fuel allows us to reduce the consumption of hydrocarbons and not cause significant changes in the design of the engine, as well as affect the composition of the exhaust gases. For countries producing palm oil, including Nigeria, this method is economically viable. This article presents the results of computational studies of the features of the combustion process of biodiesel fuel with additives of palm oil and hydrogen peroxide and the effect of additives on the ignition delay period and the combustion process. The calculations have shown the effectiveness of using hydrogen peroxide as an additive to the biofuel under consideration to reduce the ignition delay period and, consequently, improve the power and economic indicators.
Bulk properties of single crystals of the valence-unstable compound SmRh2Si2
Authors: Kliemt K , Banda J , Geibel C , Brando M , Krellner C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present the crystal growth as well as the structural, chemical and physical chracterization of SmRh2Si2 single crystals. Their ground state is antiferromagnetic, as indicated by the behaviour of the magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat at the second order phase transition observed at T
N = 64 K. The Sommerfeld coefficient is small and similar to that of LuRh2Si2 with

γ

0

≈
7

mJ/(molK2). Susceptibility measurements show no Curie-Weiss behaviour at high temperatures which is a consequence of the large Van-Vleck contribution of the excited multiplets of Sm3+. Previous angle-resolved photoemission studies showed that at 10 K, the valence of the Sm ions is smaller than three at the surface as well as in the bulk, suggesting a possible Kondo screening of the Sm3+ ions. This could not be observed in our thermodynamic and transport measurements.
A closer look at the genotoxicity of graphene based materials
Authors: Gurcan Cansu , Taheri Hadiseh , Bianco Alberto , Delogu Lucia Gemma , Yilmazer Acelya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Graphene-based materials (GBMs) have attracted many scientists because of their optical, thermal, mechanical and electronic properties. Their good dispersibility in different type of solvents including water, the possibility to formulate them according to desired function, and the wide surface area, which can allow various chemical modifications, expanded the use of these materials in biological systems. For these reasons, GBMs have been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo in the biomedical field. However, the toxicity and genotoxicity of GBMs must be thoroughly investigated before they can be translated into clinical settings. The main mechanism of graphene toxicity is thought to be caused by reactive oxygen species produced in cells, which in turn interact with various biomolecules including DNA. In this review we aimed to discuss different genotoxicity studies performed with GBMs with specific focus on the different cell types and conditions. By comparing and discussing such reports, scientists will be able to engineer non toxic GBMs for future preclinical and/or clinical studies. In order to allow a safer and faster transition to clinic, future studies should involve state-of-the-art technologies such as systems biology approaches or three-dimensional microfluidic systems, which can better predict the normal physiological scenario.
Link-HD: a versatile framework to explore and integrate heterogeneous microbial communities
Authors: Zingaretti Laura M , Renand Gilles , Morgavi Diego P , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivationWe present Link-HD, an approach to integrate multiple datasets. Link-HD is a generalization of ‘Structuration des Tableaux A Trois Indices de la Statistique–Analyse Conjointe de Tableaux’, a family of methods designed to integrate information from heterogeneous data. Here, we extend the classical approach to deal with broader datasets (e.g. compositional data), methods for variable selection and taxon-set enrichment analysis.ResultsThe methodology is demonstrated by integrating rumen microbial communities from cows for which methane yield (CH4y) was individually measured. Our approach reproduces the significant link between rumen microbiota structure and CH4 emission. When analyzing the TARA’s ocean data, Link-HD replicates published results, highlighting the relevance of temperature with members of phyla Proteobacteria on the structure and functionality of this ecosystem.Availability and implementationThe source code, examples and a complete manual are freely available in GitHub https://github.com/lauzingaretti/LinkHD and in Bioconductor https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/LinkHD.html.