bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfractionated heparin in acute chest syndrome: a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial of unfractionated heparin vs. standard of care in acute chest syndrome
Authors: Seaman Craig D. , Novelli Enrico , De Castro Laura , Ragni Margaret V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). The pathogenesis of ACS is complex and not entirely understood with multiple etiologies likely contributing simultaneously. One particular etiology is pulmonary vascular occlusion due to thrombosis. Thus, anticoagulation is an attractive therapeutic modality.

Methods
This was a single-center, randomized controlled, open-label, pilot study to determine the feasibility of performing a larger multicenter phase III trial to assess the effects of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in ACS. Subjects were randomized within 24 h of diagnosis of ACS to one of two treatment arms, UFH, and standard of care (SOC), or no UFH and SOC. UFH was given intravenously for 7 days, or until discharge, if discharge was shorter than 7 days. SOC consisted of intravenous fluids, antibiotics, supplemental oxygen, analgesia, red blood cell transfusion, and exchange transfusion.

Results
From July 2014 to June 2018, a total of 7 patients underwent randomization (four patients received UFH in addition to SOC and 3 patients received SOC only). Two of the prespecified feasibility criteria were not met: the capacity to consent eligible individuals and the timely notification of hospitalized patients with ACS necessary to permit randomization within 24 h of diagnosis; thus, as a result of poor enrollment, the study was terminated early. The duration of hospitalization was 279.43 (SD 267.98) and 127.31 (SD 137.70) h in the UFH and SOC arms, respectively. The duration of hypoxemia, leukocytosis, fever, and moderate to severe pain was 117.52 (SD 60.52), 24.90 (SD 29.69), 117.52 (SD 60.52), and 117.52 (SD 60.52) h, respectively, in the UFH group, and 51.49 (SD 44.79), 0, 53.11 (SD 25.06), and 88.68 (SD 72.77) h, respectively, in the SOC group. No major bleeding was noted in either group.

Conclusions
Our study did not achieve prespecified feasibility criteria, resulting in poor enrollment and early termination, and serves to highlight some of the pitfalls experienced in clinical research in SCD. It did show the use of UFH without any major adverse events in 7 subjects. No future large-scale study is planned.

Trials registration
Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT #02098993) on March 28, 2014.
Factors that affect the discontinuation of family planning methods in Myanmar: analysis of the 2015–16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Tin Khaing Nwe , Maung Thae Maung , Win Thiri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Access to family planning contributes up to a 44% reduction in maternal deaths. Since the majority of unplanned pregnancies and abortions occur in women who were either not using contraception or not using it consistently, greater access to contraception and more consistent use of contraception are crucial in the reduction of unplanned pregnancies and abortions. This study aims to determine which types of contraceptives are most often discontinued, the reasons for discontinuation, and the factors that influence contraceptive discontinuation for women in Myanmar.

Methods
This study is a secondary data analysis of calendar data from the 2015–16 Myanmar Demographic Health Survey. The dependent variable is discontinuation of contraception within 12 months among episodes of contraceptive use in the 5 years before the survey among women age 15–49. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of contraceptive discontinuation.

Results
The 12-month discontinuation rate for all contraceptive methods was 39%. The discontinuation rates for short-term methods were remarkably high (43% for pills and 42% for injectables), while the rate for long-term methods was very low (7% for intrauterine devices and 0.2% for implants). Discontinuation while still in need of contraception was high (55%) although 28% of those women switched to other modern methods. Multivariable logistic regression showed the factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation were a woman’s age, location (state/region), wealth, and number of births within the past 5 years.

Conclusions
The high rate of discontinuation while in need is very alarming given goals to reduce the unmet need for family planning in Myanmar. Family planning programs must ensure timely, informed method-switching by women who discontinue contraception, especially among women for whom discontinuation is the highest (age 45–49, middle and richest wealth quintile, regions where high discontinuation and multiparity); increase the availability of long-term contraceptive methods, and improve counseling that ensures clients’ informed and voluntary choice of family planning services.
The macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 in Montenegro: a Bayesian VARX approach
Authors: Djurovic Gordana , Djurovic Vasilije , Bojaj Martin M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examines, diagnoses, and assesses appropriate macroeconomic policy responses of the Montenegrin Government to the outbreak of COVID-19. The model econometrically measures the macroeconomic costs using a Bayesian VARX Litterman/Minessota prior to the pandemic disease in terms of demand and supply loss due to illness and closed activities and their effects on GDP growth in various pandemic scenarios. We explore five economic scenarios—shocks—using the available data from January 2006 to December 2019, following real out-of-sample forecasts generated from January 2020 to December 2020. Sensitivity scenarios spanning January 2020 to June 2020 from ± 10 to ± 60% were analyzed. We observed what happens to the supply and demand sides, namely, GDP, tourism, capital stock, human capital, health expenditures, economic freedom, and unemployment. The results show a toll on the GDP, tourism, unemployment, capital stock, and especially human capital for 2020. The recommended policy measures are public finance spending initiatives focused on securing employment and keeping highly qualified staff in Montenegrin companies. Considering all uncertainties, the rebound of the Montenegrin economy could take a few years to reach pre-COVID 19 output levels.
Lupus mastitis with predominant kappa-restricted plasma cell infiltration: report of a rare case
Authors: Yan Mingfei , Bomeisl Philip , Gilmore Hannah , Oduro Kwadwo , Harbhajanka Aparna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLupus mastitis (LM) is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). The clinical presentations of LM may mimic breast malignancy, and biopsy or excision is usually performed. Histologically, LM is featured by lymphoplasmacytic inflammation involving breast ducts, lobules, blood vessels and adipose tissue. Characteristic hyaline fat necrosis can be noted in most cases. Here, we reported a case of LM in an elderly female patient who presented with bilateral breast lesions. Histologically, the breast lesions showed prominent hyaline fat necrosis and predominantly plasmacytic inflammation involving breast ducts, vessels and fat lobules. Fibrinoid necrosis of vessels was also noted. The infiltrated plasma cells were Kappa light chain-restricted, but did not show the immunophenotypes for a plasma cell neoplasm. In addition, the patient developed Kappa-restricted plasma cell myeloma 2 years later. The patient was followed up for 8 years, and her breast lesion did not show recurrence. The patient’s unique clinicopathological presentations indicated a potential correlation between her LM and subsequently developed myeloma. It also indicated that the immunophenotypical characterization of infiltrated plasma cells in LM patients with predominant plasma cell infiltration may be important to rule out potential plasma cell neoplasms.
Inner product encryption from ring learning with errors
Authors: Fang Shisen , Yang Shaojun , Zhang Yuexin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The functional encryption scheme designed using the lattice can realize fine-grained encryption and it can resist quantum attacks. Unfortunately, the sizes of the keys and ciphertexts in cryptographic applications based on learning with errors are large, which makes the algorithm inefficient. Therefore, we construct a functional encryption for inner product predicates scheme by improving the learning with errors scheme of Agrawal et al. [Asiacrypt 2011], and its security relies on the difficulty assumption of ring learning with errors. Our construction can reduce the sizes of the keys and ciphertexts compared with the learning with errors scheme.
Chemerin level in a sample of Egyptian females with PCOS and its relation to insulin resistance
Authors: Halawa Mohamed Reda , El Baky Rania Said Abd , Eid Yara Mohamed , Nasr Merhan Samy , Taha Bahaa Mahmoud , Hendawy Laila Mahmoud Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Chemerin a novel adipokine is linked to insulin resistance and adiposity which are major characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Results
Chemerin level was found to be significantly higher in PCOS group than in control group (94.99 ± 12.52 ng/dl vs 73.41 ± 6.95 ng/dl) (P < 0.001) being the highest in obese PCO group, also chemerin positively correlated with BMI, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.001), Multivariate linear regression analysis for factors affecting chemerin level in both PCO groups showed that the most important factor was fasting insulin (P = 0.042).

Conclusion
Chemerin correlates with insulin resistance and may be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in PCOS patients.
Foam Destabilization Effect of Sodium Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate on Sodium Alkylsulfate Aqueous Solutions Based on Its Fast Surface Tension Gradient Relaxation
Authors: Aono Keita , Suzuki Furitsu , Yomogida Yoshihiro , Hasumi Motomitsu , Kado Shinpei , Nakahara Yoshio , Yajima Setsuko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between the air–water interfacial dilational viscoelasticity and foam properties in mixed anionic surfactant aqueous solutions of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT), sodium n-dodecylsulfate (C12AS), sodium n-tetradecylsulfate (C14AS), and sodium n-hexadecylsulfate (C16AS). The surfactants used here differ only in hydrophobic chains. The air–water interfacial viscoelasticity of AOT aqueous solutions mixed with C12AS or C14AS was similar to that of AOT single aqueous solutions at the same constituent concentration of AOT. On the other hand, the air–water interfacial viscoelasticity of mixed aqueous solutions of AOT and C16AS was intermediate between the respective single aqueous solutions. The foam properties of these mixed aqueous solutions were evaluated by a modified Ross–Miles method and it was shown that foam stability is correlated with the maximum value of viscoelastic modulus in mixed aqueous solutions of AOT and AS.
On the transformation of MinHash-based uncorrected distances into proper evolutionary distances for phylogenetic inference
Authors: Criscuolo Alexis 
Published: November 2020

Recently developed MinHash-based techniques were proven successful in quickly estimating the level of similarity between large nucleotide sequences. This article discusses their usage and limitations in practice to approximating uncorrected distances between genomes, and transforming these pairwise dissimilarities into proper evolutionary distances. It is notably shown that complex distance measures can be easily approximated using simple transformation formulae based on few parameters. MinHash-based techniques can therefore be very useful for implementing fast yet accurate alignment-free phylogenetic reconstruction procedures from large sets of genomes. This last point of view is assessed with a simulation study using a dedicated bioinformatics tool.
Patient and family co-developed participant information to improve recruitment rates, retention, and patient understanding in the Rehabilitation Strategies Following Oesophago-gastric and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer (ReStOre II) trial: Protocol for a study within a trial (SWAT)
Authors: O'Neill Linda , Knapp Peter , Doyle Suzanne L. , Guinan Emer , Parker Adwoa , Segurado Ricardo , Connolly Deirdre , O'Sullivan Jacintha , Reynolds John V. , Hussey Juliette 
Published: November 2020

Background: Whilst the potential benefits of exercise rehabilitation in cancer survivorship are plentiful, recruitment to survivorship rehabilitation trials remains suboptimal. There is growing evidence that Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) initiatives can increase the rate of recruitment to research. This study within a trial (SWAT) will examine if participant information co-developed by patients and their families can lead to greater recruitment rates, retention and understanding of the Rehabilitation Strategies in Oesophago-gastric and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Cancer (ReStOre II) trial when compared to standard participant information. Methods: This SWAT will be carried out over two phases. Phase I will utilise qualitative methods to develop (Phase Ia) and refine (Phase Ib) the new participant information. Phase Ia will recruit up to 20 survivors of upper gastrointestinal or hepatopancreaticobiliary cancer, or their family members, to take part in a focus group or interview to develop the new participant information. Focus groups/interviews will be recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. In Phase Ib, participants will return for a second focus group/interview to refine the participant information. Once finalised, the participant information will be submitted to ethics for approval. In Phase II, potential participants for the ReStOre II trial will be randomly assigned to receive either the standard or patient and family co-developed participant information. The two forms of participant information will be compared by recruitment and retention rates, and participant understanding of the trial (Decision-Making Questionnaire). Discussion: We anticipate that engaging with patients and their families to develop participant information will help to increase patient understanding of the ReStOre II trial and therefore recruitment and retention rates. The results of this SWAT will indicate the usefulness of this strategy for optimising recruitment to exercise rehabilitation trials in cancer survivorship. Registration: SWAT: Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository Store (SWAT-100). ReStOre II: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03958019).
Vitiligo and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kussainova Assiya , Kassym Laura , Akhmetova Almira , Glushkova Natalya , Sabirov Ulugbek , Adilgozhina Saltanat , Tuleutayeva Raikhan , Semenova Yuliya 
Published: November 2020

Background
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting skin disease which is often accompanied by mental distress. There are numerous studies dedicated to local and global prevalence of depression in patients with vitiligo but anxiety has not been recognized as a major mental problem within named population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety among patients with vitiligo from different countries and to compare it with patients suffering from eczema, psoriasis, and acne.

Methods
In November 2019, we conducted a systematic search for observational studies that examined the prevalence of anxiety in vitiligo patients. Fifteen studies comprising 1176 patients with vitiligo were included to our systematic review.

Results
The general prevalence of anxiety among vitiligo patients was equal to 35.8%. Statistically significant difference in anxiety rates was found among female and male patients (47.32% vs 42.4%) (P = 0.03), but the clinical relevance of this issue remains arguable. In addition, the pooled odds ratio among vitiligo and non-vitiligo patients did not indicate a statistical significance among patients coming from different continents.

Conclusions
The pooled prevalence of anxiety among vitiligo patients worldwide was comparable to other severe skin disorders. This finding accentuates the necessity of anxiety awareness in management of patients with skin diseases.
Effectiveness of a decision aid for colorectal cancer screening on components of informed choice according to educational attainment: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gabel Pernille , Larsen Mette Bach , Edwards Adrian , Kirkegaard Pia , Andersen Berit 
Published: November 2020

Background
The decision to take up colorectal cancer screening has to be made on informed grounds balancing benefits and harms. Self-administered decision aids can support citizens in making an informed choice. A self-administered web-based decision aid targeting citizens with lower educational attainment has been evaluated within the target population. However, the effectiveness in the general screening population remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based decision aid for colorectal cancer screening on components of informed choice among previous non-participants in colorectal cancer screening.

Methods and findings
The study was designed as a parallel randomised controlled trial among non-participants in colorectal cancer screening in Central Denmark Region (men and women aged 53–74 years). Respondents to baseline and follow-up questionnaires comprised the study population (n = 1,723). The intervention group received the decision aid electronically along with the second reminder. The control group received only the second reminder. The main outcomes (knowledge, attitudes, uptake and decisional conflict) were obtained through questionnaires data and from the Danish Colorectal Cancer Screening Database.
The decision aid increased the uptake rate by 8 percentage points (95% CI: 3.4;12.6) but had no effect on either knowledge (scale score differences: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.05;0.24) or attitudes (0.45; 95% CI: -0.00;0.91). Decisional conflict decreased by 1.69 scale points (95% CI: -3.18;-0.20). The effect was similar across educational attainment levels.

Conclusions
The web-based decision aid offers a feasible way to provide individualised screening information in a "one size fits all" approach that may hold the potential to increase informed CRC screening uptake.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT03253888.
Kukutxeztula: «gainditutako» gaitz baten itzulera
Authors: Amuategi Aulestiarte Jone , Benito-Vicente Asier , B. Uribe Kepa , Martín Plágaro César , Ostolaza Etxabe Helena 
Published: November 2020

Arnasbideetako infekzioek heriotza tasa altuak eragiten dituzte munduan, COVID-19 birusa izanik azken urteetako adibiderik argiena. Hala ere, ez da libre dabilen patogeno bakarra eta berrikuspen honetan Bordetella pertussis bakterio patogenoak eragindako kukutxeztulaz arituko gara. Kukutxeztula arnasbideen infekzio larri eta kutsakorra da, bertako jariakinekin edota listu tantekin kontaktua izatean transmititzen dena. Helduetan arrisku berezirik ez duten sintomak eragiten dituen arren (etengabeko eztul gertakariak, arnasteko zailtasuna edota sukarra, besteak beste), heriotza eragin dezake urte batetik beherako haurretan batez ere. Kukutxeztula fase goiztiar batean gainditu ez duten gaixoek bigarren mailako pneumonia bezalako konplikazioak garatu ditzakete, horixe izaten delarik kukutxeztulaz hiltzen diren gehienen arrazoi nagusia. Lehen txertoa garatu zenetik kontrolpean zegoela uste izan den arren, kalte handiak eragin ditu garapen bidean dauden herrialdeetan batez ere. Herrialde garatuetan ere badu bere inpaktua, eta 2011tik gaur arte Ipar Amerikan eta mendebaldeko Europan epidemia egoera zabaldu da. Berrikuspen honetan kukutxeztulari buruzko informazioaren eguneratze bat aurkezten da, B. pertussisek erabiltzen dituen hainbat mekanismo infekziosotan arreta jarriz. Mekanismo hauen oinarri molekularra ulertzeak lagundu dezake zeluletan gertatzen diren beste hainbat prozesuren ulerkeran, gaixotasunaren aurkako sendagai berrien garapenean edota biologia molekularreko tresna berrien garapenean.
KV7.2 kanala: estruktura, erregulazioa eta kitzikagarritasun neuronalean duen ekintza
Authors: Nuñez Eider , Muguruza-Montero Arantza , Rodriguez de Yurre Ainhoa , Araujo Ariane , Villarroel Alvaro , Urrutia Janire 
Published: November 2020

Potasio-kanalak ia zelula guztien mintzean agertzen dira eta funtzio biologiko garrantzitsuak betetzen dituzte; besteak beste, korronte elektrikoak kontrolatzen dituzte zelula kitzikagarrietan. KV7 kanalen familia 5 kidez osatuta dago (KV7.1-KV7.5), eta horiek kodetzen dituzten geneak patologia esanguratsuekin erlazionatzen dira. KV7 kanalen estrukturak zelula-mintzean txertaturiko 6 segmentuz osaturiko ohiko estruktura partekatzen du; N- eta C-muturrak zelula barnekoak dira. Neuronetan, KV7.2 eta KV7.3 kanalak agertzen dira batik bat; M-korrontea sortuz, neuronen kitzikagarritasuna kontrolatzen duena. M-korrontearen erregulazioa konplexua da seinaleztapen-bidezidor desberdinen bidez erregula baitaiteke. Gq/11 proteinari akoplaturiko hartzaileen bidez erregulatzen da eta seinaleztapen-bidezidorra desberdina da aktibatutako hartzailearen arabera. Horrela, azetilkolinaren M1 hartzaile muskarinikoak KV7.2-aren korrontea inhibituko du PIP2-aren agorpenaren ondorioz. Bradikininaren hartzaileak, ordea, IP3-ak eragindako kaltzio-kontzentrazioaren igoeraren bidez inhibituko du. Mekanismo horietan, hainbat proteinak hartzen dute parte, hala nola kalmodulinak, proteina kinasek eta ainguratze-proteinek. Berrikuspen honetan, KV7.2 kanalari erreparatuko diogu, hainbat gaixotasunen partaide izateagatik eta haren erregulazio konplexuagatik, ikuspuntu farmakologiko batetik itu interesgarria izan baitaiteke.
Obozitoak in vitro heltzeko teknika (IVM): enbrioiaren garapen egokirako erronka
Authors: Totorikaguena Iturriaga Lide , Olabarrieta López Estibaliz , Agirregoitia Marcos Naiara , Agirregoitia Marcos Ekaitz 
Published: November 2020

Ugaztun emeen obozitoen heltze-prozesua ugalkortasunean garrantzi handia duen prozesua da, obulua ernaldua izateko ezinbestekoa delako. Gainera, heltze-prozesuak baldintzatzen du sortu behar den izaki berria, garapen-bidean dagoen enbrioiaren kalitatea zuzenean lotuta baitago obozitoaren heldutasunarekin eta kalitatearekin. Izan ere, obozitoen heltze-prozesuarekin erlazionatutako aldaketa nuklear eta zitoplasmatiko egokiak funtsezkoak dira obulazio eta haren ondorengo ernalketa zuzen baterako. Erronka nagusietariko bat da, beraz, heltze-prozesuan garrantzitsuak diren seinaleztapen-bidezidorrak eta elkarrekintza konplexuak zehaztea. Horrela, emakumezkoen ugal-fisiologia hobeto ulertzeaz gain, obozitoen in vitro heltze-prozesua modulatuz, lagunduriko ugalketa-teknikak optimizatzen lagundu genezakeelako: besteak beste, obozitoak in vitro heltzeko (IVM) teknika. Teknika horren bidez, pazienteari oraindik helduta ez dauden obozitoak erauzten zaizkio eta exogenoki heltzen dira hazkuntza-inguruneetan. Modu horretan, albo-kalte ugari eragiten dituen gonadotropinak hartzea saihesten da, eta hormonazioa kontraindikaturik daukaten emakumeentzat haurdun geratzeko aukera bakarrenetarikoa da. Teknika horren ezarpenak aurrerapen ugari dakartzan arren (esaterako, albo-kalte eta kostu ekonomiko gutxiago), oraindik gutxi erabiltzen da, beste ugal-tekniken arrakasta-mailara heldu ez delako.