bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-waveform inversion imaging of the human brain
Authors: Guasch Lluís , Calderón Agudo Oscar , Tang Meng-Xing , Nachev Parashkev , Warner Michael 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance imaging and X-ray computed tomography provide the two principal methods available for imaging the brain at high spatial resolution, but these methods are not easily portable and cannot be applied safely to all patients. Ultrasound imaging is portable and universally safe, but existing modalities cannot image usefully inside the adult human skull. We use in-silico simulations to demonstrate that full-waveform inversion, a computational technique originally developed in geophysics, is able to generate accurate three-dimensional images of the brain with sub-millimetre resolution. This approach overcomes the familiar problems of conventional ultrasound neuroimaging by using: transcranial ultrasound that is not obscured by strong reflections from the skull, low frequencies that are readily transmitted with good signal-to-noise ratio, an accurate wave equation that properly accounts for the physics of wave propagation, and an accurate model of the skull that compensates properly for wavefront distortion. Laboratory ultrasound data, using ex-vivo human skulls, demonstrate that our computational experiments mimic the penetration and signal-to-noise ratios expected in clinical applications. This form of non-invasive neuroimaging has the potential for the rapid diagnosis of stroke and head trauma, and for the provision of routine monitoring of a wide range of neurological conditions.
Gamma band oscillations drives information flow in theta and delta band between hippocampus and medial pre-frontal cortex
Authors: I.B.H. Samuel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInformation flow in the brain is mediated by neuronal oscillations. Prior research has shown that gamma activity considered to be most reflective of neuronal firing is nested within theta cycles. This finding has given rise to the notion that theta phase mediates the gamma oscillations and thereby paces information flow. Such findings have been observed predominantly in cases where the gamma and theta oscillations were measured from the same underlying neuronal substrate. In this article, we analyze the across region, inter-brain coupling of gamma and theta oscillations using non-directional and directional connectivity measures. We show that in this context the information flow appears to be mediated by gamma oscillations which in turn drives the theta and delta oscillations. Additionally, different bands of gamma are coupled with theta and delta bands. During task, this information flow is enhanced compared to baseline in the frequencies which are coupled. Furthermore, the connectivity measures namely cross-frequency coupling and generalized partial directed coupling are not correlated with each other suggesting that they maybe representative of different underlying neuronal mechanisms.
The concerted emergence of well-known spatial and temporal ecological patterns in an evolutionary food web model in space
Authors: Hamm Michaela , Drossel Barbara 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTEcological systems show a variety of characteristic patterns of biodiversity in space and time. It is a challenge for theory to find models that can reproduce and explain the observed patterns. Since the advent of island biogeography these models revolve around speciation, dispersal, and extinction, but they usually neglect trophic structure. Here, we propose and study a spatially extended evolutionary food web model that allows us to study large spatial systems with several trophic layers. Our computer simulations show that the model gives rise simultaneously to several biodiversity patterns in space and time, from species abundance distributions to the waxing and waning of geographic ranges. We find that trophic position in the network plays a crucial role when it comes to the time evolution of range sizes, because the trophic context restricts the occurrence and survival of species especially on higher trophic levels.
Anatomically informed bayesian spatial priors for fmri analysis
Authors: Abramian David , Sidén Per , Knutsson Hans , Villani Mattias , Eklund Anders 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTExisting Bayesian spatial priors for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data correspond to stationary isotropic smoothing filters that may oversmooth at anatomical boundaries. We propose two anatomically informed Bayesian spatial models for fMRI data with local smoothing in each voxel based on a tensor field estimated from aT1-weighted anatomical image. We show that our anatomically informed Bayesian spatial models results in posterior probability maps that follow the anatomical structure.
Capital and credit constraints in the engagement of youth in Ghanaian agriculture
Authors: Ankrah Twumasi Martinson , Jiang Yuansheng , Owusu Acheampong Monica 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors influencing rural youth farmers’ credit constraints status and the effect of credit constraint on the intensity of participation of these farmers in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
The econometric estimation is based on cross-sectional data collected in 2018 from the Brong Ahafo region in Ghana. The sample data set consists of 450 rural youth farmers. The collected data were analyzed through different econometric techniques, using the endogenous switching regression model (ERSM).

Findings
The direct elicitation approach employed in this study revealed that out of the 450 farmers, 211 (47 percent) of the respondents were credit constrained compared to 239 (53 percent) of their counterparts who were unconstrained. The ERSM indicated that youth farmers education, age, savings, parents occupation reduced the probability of the rural youth farmer to be credit constrained but cumbersome loan application procedure and loan disbursement time positively affect credit constraint. Moreover, farmers that are credit constrained have lower intensity of participation in agriculture activities than a random farmer from the sample. This suggests that access to credit has a positive impact on the intensity of participation in agriculture activities.

Research limitations/implications
In this study, only rural youth farmers in a particular region were considered. However, there are youths all over the nation. Therefore, future researchers could consider other youth’s farmers elsewhere in the country.

Originality/value
Although existing studies have examined rural youth farmers’ participation in agriculture and credit constraint separately, the unique contribution of this paper is the analysis of credit constraint of rural youth farmers as well as the impact of credit constraint on the intensity of participation in agriculture activities.
Linking national business system and firm level innovation
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Erçek Mehmet 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the link between national business system (NBS) and innovation decisions at the firm level by offering sequentially ordered sense-making mechanisms that enable the formation of firm-specific knowledge repositories and knowledge-processing capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis study engages in an extensive scale development effort to collect representative data about the NBS in the Pakistani setting, complemented by relevant validity and reliability tests. The overall theoretical model was tested on 214 firms by means of a structural equation modeling approach, using partial least-squares algorithms.FindingsThe results statistically supported the role of firm-level knowledge repositories (intellectual capital) and knowledge exploration and exploitation capabilities (absorptive capacity) as sequential mediators in the association of NBS and firm-level innovation. Besides, bridging networks of lateral ties among Pakistani businesses are found to be more effective than bonding networks of vertical ties in encouraging radical innovations.Originality/valueThis study significantly extends the literature about the NBS approach. It provides specific sense-making mechanisms (i.e. priming, triggering and editing) about how abstract institutional templates constituted at the business system level are translated into firm-level actionable sets by the help of intangible resource repositories and processes that guide knowledge exploration and exploitation.
IFRS adoption, value relevance and conditional conservatism: evidence from China
Authors: Isaboke Cyrus , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study sought to evaluate the relationship between value relevance of financial information and conditional conservatism of non-financial companies listed in China.Design/methodology/approachUsing panel data comprising of 28,723 firm years, the authors determine the value relevance of financial information before and after mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption while incorporating the relationship with conditional conservatism. The authors further examined how this relationship varies between state and non-state owned companies.FindingsConditional conservatism is positively (negatively) related to value relevance prior (post) to mandatory IFRS adoption while it makes no difference as to whether a company is state or non-state owned, as IFRS has a positive and significant effect on value relevance. Conservatism, on the other hand, has a negative and insignificant relationship with market value of both state and non-state owned firms during the pre- and post-IFRS period.Originality/valueBy exploring an emerging economy, the authors provide evidence on the variations in value relevance amongst state and non-state owned firms. In particular, the authors establish the positive effect of IFRS on the value relevance of non-state firms as compared to state-owned institutions.
Online investment forum and the market response around earnings announcement in the Chinese stock markets
Authors: Hao Qian , Dong Dayong , Wu Keke 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to study the following two questions. Do earnings announcements stimulate investors to participate in online discussions? Does online investment forum participation affect the market’s reaction to earnings news?

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collect all the online posts, which were related to the internet service companies and posted in a Chinese financial forum, guba.eastmoney.com (Guba), during the period between June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2015. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to test the questions.

Findings
The study finds that the earnings announcements induce online discussion. In addition, before the earnings announcement, online posting activity does not affect earnings response coefficient but can weaken the positive association between the magnitude of the upcoming earnings surprise and abnormal trading volume. In contrast, after the earnings announcement, online forum participation can facilitate the incorporation of earnings surprise into the price.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature studying the impact of social media on market reaction to earnings news by providing evidence that the price discovery process can be affected by the online investment forum. Several policy implications are also provided.
Gait planning and control of quadruped crawling robot on a slope
Authors: Wang Peng , Song Chunxiao , Li Xiaoqiang , Luo Peng 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The gait planning and control of quadruped crawling robot affect the stability of the robot walking on a slope. The control includes the position control in the swing phase, the force control in the support phase and the switching control in the force/position switching. To improve the passing ability of quadruped crawling robot on a slope, this paper aims to propose a soft control strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
The strategy adopts the statically stable crawling gait as the main gait. As the robot moves forward, the position/force section switching control is adopted. When the foot does not touch the ground, the joint position control based on the variable speed PID is performed. When the foot touches the ground, the position-based impedance control is performed, and a fuzzy multi-model switching control based on friction compensation is proposed to achieve smooth switching of force and position.

Findings
The proposed method offers a solution for stable passage in slope environment. The quadruped crawling robot can realize smooth switching of force/position, precise positioning in the swing process and soft control of force in the supporting phase. This fact is verified by simulation and test.

Originality/value
The method presented in this paper takes advantage of minimal tracking errors and minimal jitters. Simulations and tests were performed to evaluate the performance.
Profit or loss? On the determinants of net income of United States college football programs
Authors: Omondi-Ochieng Peter 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis study aims to predict the determinants of net income of 101 US university football programs.Design/methodology/approachGuided by stakeholder theory, financial capacity model and resource dependency theory, the dependent variable was net income (indicated as profit or loss) and independent variables were measured as the number of women and men’s team sports, average home attendances, win–loss records, conference ranking, endowment funds and age of football programs. Statistical analysis was performed using Kendell tau and binary logistic regression (BLR).FindingsNet income was positively and statistically associated with home attendance, win–loss record, conference rankings and endowment funds, but not number of women’s sports, age of football program and number of men’s sports teams. The BLR indicated that home attendance was the best predictor of net income.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was delimited to 101 Football Bowl Subdivision football programs from public universities.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that home attendance and conference rankings had the highest association with net income, but the former was the best predictor of net income and not football tradition nor number of sports teams.Originality/valueThe study was pioneering in the predictive evaluation of the possible determinants of loss or profitability in college football programs.
Has traditional accounting information lost its relevance?
Authors: Appiah Kingsley Opoku , Acheampong Owusu 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether traditional accounting information has lost its relevance in the context of sub-Sahara Africa. Specifically, the study examines whether historical cost and inflation-adjusted data are related to the market value of equity and stock returns on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collect firm-specific data from annual reports of 20 listed firms from the GSE over the period 2007-2012. The authors use ordinary least squares and two stage least square (2SLS) to examine the value relevance of historical and inflation-adjusted income and equity.

Findings
The results suggest that the market equity is related to both historical-cost and inflation-adjusted earnings. Market return is also associated with both historical-cost and inflation-adjusted earnings and book value. Overall, the authors conclude that inflation-adjusted information content is more value relevant than the traditional cost accounting information.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are a wake-up call to policymakers and practitioners in formulating financial reporting policies. This study, however, focuses on only non-financial listed firms on the GSE. Thus, the results may not be valid for all companies in Ghana.

Practical implications
The finding has an implication on the choice of valuation used in the preparation and reporting of financial statements. Accordingly, the authors offer policy directions to financial reporting regulatory authorities to enhance the value relevance of accounting information.

Social implications
Regulators, especially the GSE may improve life of investors if the recommendations are transformed into directives that will help enhance the quality of financial reporting.

Originality/value
The findings suggest that inflation-adjusted data are more relevant in countries with extreme inflationary trend and lax International Financial Reporting Standards compliance enforcement. The results also lend support for the current cost accounting theory.
Social fairness and social marketing
Authors: Kennedy Ann-Marie , Santos Nicholas 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Social marketers set out to undertake interventions that benefit society. However, at times, there can be inadvertent, unintended consequences of these interventions that can be seen as unethical. Such ethical issues can arise from the context, process, method and outcomes of interventions and often bring to the fore the “social fairness” of social marketing. Given that social marketing is aimed at societal benefit, the authors believe that the issue of social fairness is an important one in the context of ethical social marketing. With that in mind, the purpose of this paper is to provide a discussion of the application of a normative ethical framework, labelled the integrative justice model (IJM) (Santos and Laczniak, 2009), to social marketing. This amounts to a macro-social marketing ethical framework.

Design/methodology/approach
Conceptual broadening of a normative ethical framework.

Findings
The authors hold that the IJM provides several helpful normative guidelines for improving the “social fairness” of social marketing. As such, the presented normative framework of macro-social marketing ethics provides useful guidelines for future development of social marketing codes of ethics.

Practical implications
The macro-social marketing ethics framework provides practical guidelines for social marketers to assess ethical issues in social marketing.

Originality/value
The macro-social marketing ethics framework answers the call of Carter, Mayes, Eagle and Dahl (2017) for development of ethical frameworks for social marketers. It provides a reconciliation of multiple normative frameworks to give a set of guidelines for social marketers that are clear and non-contradictory.
A comparative study of the use of electronic resources by LIS and computer science students in two Nigerian universities
Authors: Bana Dorcas , Eze Monica Eberechukwu , Esievo Lovet Ovigue 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare the use of electronic resources (e-resources) by undergraduate students in library and information science (LIS) and computer science in two Nigerian universities.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a comparative method. The questionnaire was designed to elicit data from 680 undergraduate students in two universities. Simple percentages and chi square (χ2) statistical tool were used to analyse and test the hypotheses. The results are presented in tables and charts.

Findings
The findings show that the undergraduate students use some of the e-resources and do not use others probably because of lack of awareness or skills to effectively use the e-resources. Overall, almost half of the undergraduate students rated their skills to use e-resources to be high. It also emerged that there is significant difference between LIS students and computer science students use of e-resources.

Practical implications
The findings of this study on e-resources and their use by different subject areas in the university will establish an important foundation for selecting and providing e-resources and services. Such a foundation allows for the development of both useful theory and practical application.

Originality/value
The study reported findings on e-resources used particularly by different user groups in universities in Nigeria. The study will add to the body of knowledge on use of e-resources in Nigeria.
Do the international economic endeavors affect CO2 emissions in open economies of South Asia? An empirical examination under nonlinearity
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Kautish Pradeep , Uddin Gazi Salah 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper to investigate whether trade liberalization and the financial crisis have contributed to altering the pollution level in selected open economies of South Asia in the long run.

Design/methodology/approach
The study has adopted the panel data framework where results are tested using the generalized method of moments (GMM). The data of five South Asian countries from 1980–2015 have been used for computing results.

Findings
Owing to the globalization endeavors, the scope of energy consumption and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows has increased significantly. The outcomes of the study reveal that globalization has significantly intensified the level of carbon emissions in the selected countries. However, the impact of financial crisis on carbon emission is found insignificant in the long run. Therefore, the study reveals that the level of environmental pollution in South Asia economies is more sensitive to positive economic variations than negative.

Originality/value
Earlier studies have ignored the parallel effect of globalization and financial meltdown on carbon emissions in a country or region. Stating differently, the present study intends to capture the impact of positive (globalization) and negative (financial crisis) global economic movements on carbon emissions in the five open economies. The majority of studies in the past have focused on the relationship between positive economic endeavors and environmental pollution. Furthermore, the study recommends that while framing a trade policy, its possible impact on environmental pollution also needs to be considered.
Research Watch: mental health services supporting social inclusion
Authors: Holttum Sue 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine three recent papers on mental health services and social inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach
A search was carried out for recent papers on mental health and social inclusion. The author selected three papers that each spoke to a similar theme, from slightly different angles, and that seemed to advance understanding of how social inclusion might be supported to a greater degree in mental health services.

Findings
One paper vividly describes some of the blocks to social inclusion, and what that can feel like from a service user perspective, and also points to ways for peer workers to support service users’ social inclusion. A second paper illustrates how mental health professionals and peer workers can choose to stand up for people’s human rights despite lack of organisational support for such actions. The third paper describes pioneering co-designed work to build dedicated support for social inclusion alongside mental health services.

Originality/value
All three papers highlight the ongoing need for better support for social inclusion in mental health services across different countries. They also show how such support can be implemented and even made more mainstream. This raises hope for wider progress in mental health services becoming real enablers of social inclusion.