bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar‐Driven Fixation of Bismuth Oxyhalides on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Efficient Sunlight‐Responsive Immobilized Photocatalytic Systems
Authors: Alansi Amani M. , Qahtan Talal F. , Saleh Tawfik A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeveloping green, cheap technology for large‐scale production of photocatalysts in colloidal dispersion form enables the fabrication of efficient sunlight‐responsive immobilized photocatalytic systems to address current environmental issues. It is reported for the first time, a cost‐effective, energy‐efficient, green, single‐step approach for solar‐driven fixation of bismuth oxybromideiodied solid solution (BiOBr0.75 I0.25 SS) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets by solar light irradiation of BiOBr0.75I0.25‐graphene oxide (GO) dispersion in ethanol medium. Upon solar irradiation, GO is photocatalytically reduced by BiOBr0.75I0.25, resulting in uniform fixation of BiOBr0.75I0.25 SS on rGO to yield high‐purity BiOBr0.75I0.25‐rGO heterojunction (BiOBr0.75I0.25‐rGO HJ) in colloidal dispersion form. The solar‐driven fixation of BiOBr0.75I0.25 SS on rGO brings many favorable characteristics for BiOBr0.75I0.25‐rGO HJ as sunlight‐responsive photocatalyst over the pristine BiOBr0.75I0.25, including high absorption of light in the visible region, high electron‐hole separation efficiency, and super adhesive property. As a result, BiOBr0.75I0.25‐rGO HJ films exhibit super durability and outstanding photocatalytic performance for water decontamination over BiOBr0.75I0.25 films under the same conditions. This study is an establishment of a green strategy for the large‐scale production of rGO‐based bismuth oxyhalides HJs.
Bioproduction of Enantiopure (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐Phenylglycinols from Styrenes and Renewable Feedstocks
Authors: Sekar Balaji Sundara , Mao Jiwei , Lukito Benedict Ryan , Wang Zilong , Li Zhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnantiopure (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐phenylglycinols are important chiral building blocks for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Several chemical and enzymatic methods for their synthesis were reported, either involving multi‐step synthesis or starting from a relatively complex chemical. Here, we developed one‐pot simple syntheses of enantiopure (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐phenylglycinols from cheap starting materials and renewable feedstocks. Enzyme cascades consisting of epoxidation‐hydrolysis‐oxidation‐transamination were developed to convert styrene 2 a to (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐phenylglycinol 1 a, with butanediol dehydrogenase for alcohol oxidation as well as BmTA and NfTA for (R)‐ and (S)‐enantioselective transamination, respectively. The engineered E. coli strains expressing the cascades produced 1015 mg/L (R)‐1 a in >99% ee and 315 mg/L (S)‐1 a in 91% ee, respectively, from styrene 2 a. The same cascade also converted substituted styrenes 2 b–k and indene 2 l into substituted (R)‐phenylglycinols 1 b–k and (1R, 2R)‐1‐amino‐2‐indanol 1 l in 95–>99% ee. To transform bio‐based L‐phenylalanine 6 to (R)‐1 a and (S)‐1 a, (R)‐ and (S)‐enantioselective enzyme cascades for deamination‐decarboxylation‐epoxidation‐hydrolysis‐oxidation‐transamination were developed. The engineered E. coli strains produced (R)‐1 a and (S)‐1 a in high ee at 576 mg/L and 356 mg/L, respectively, from L‐phenylalanine 6, as the first synthesis of these compounds from a bio‐based chemical. Finally, L‐phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway was combined with (R)‐ or (S)‐enantioselective cascade in one strain or coupled strains, to achieve the first synthesis of (R)‐1 a and (S)‐1 a from a renewable feedstock. The coupled strain approach enhanced the production, affording 274 and 384 mg/L (R)‐1 a and 274 and 301 mg/L (S)‐1 a, from glucose and glycerol, respectively. The developed methods could be potentially useful to produce these high‐value chemicals from cheap starting materials and renewable feedstocks in a green and sustainable manner.magnified image
Evolution of Conformation, Nanomechanics, and Infrared Nanospectroscopy of Single Amyloid Fibrils Converting into Microcrystals
Authors: Adamcik Jozef , Ruggeri Francesco Simone , Berryman Joshua T. , Zhang Afang , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanomechanical properties of amyloid fibrils and nanocrystals depend on their secondary and quaternary structure, and the geometry of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Advanced imaging methods based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have unravelled the morphological and mechanical heterogeneity of amyloids, however a full understanding has been hampered by the limited resolution of conventional spectroscopic methods. Here, it is shown that single molecule nanomechanical mapping and infrared nanospectroscopy (AFM‐IR) in combination with atomistic modelling enable unravelling at the single aggregate scale of the morphological, nanomechanical, chemical, and structural transition from amyloid fibrils to amyloid microcrystals in the hexapeptides, ILQINS, IFQINS, and TFQINS. Different morphologies have different Young's moduli, within 2–6 GPa, with amyloid fibrils exhibiting lower Young's moduli compared to amyloid microcrystals. The origins of this stiffening are unravelled and related to the increased content of intermolecular β‐sheet and the increased lengthscale of cooperativity following the transition from twisted fibril to flat nanocrystal. Increased stiffness in Young's moduli is correlated with increased density of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and parallel β‐sheet structure, which energetically stabilize crystals over the other polymorphs. These results offer additional evidence for the position of amyloid crystals in the minimum of the protein folding and aggregation landscape.
Pressure‐Induced Formation and Mechanical Properties of 2D Diamond Boron Nitride
Authors: Cellini Filippo , Lavini Francesco , Chen Elton , Bongiorno Angelo , Popovic Filip , Hartman Ryan L. , Dingreville Remi , Riedo Elisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding phase transformations in 2D materials can unlock unprecedented developments in nanotechnology, since their unique properties can be dramatically modified by external fields that control the phase change. Here, experiments and simulations are used to investigate the mechanical properties of a 2D diamond boron nitride (BN) phase induced by applying local pressure on atomically thin h‐BN on a SiO2 substrate, at room temperature, and without chemical functionalization. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show a metastable local rearrangement of the h‐BN atoms into diamond crystal clusters when increasing the indentation pressure. Raman spectroscopy experiments confirm the presence of a pressure‐induced cubic BN phase, and its metastability upon release of pressure. Å‐indentation experiments and simulations show that at pressures of 2–4 GPa, the indentation stiffness of monolayer h‐BN on SiO2 is the same of bare SiO2, whereas for two‐ and three‐layer‐thick h‐BN on SiO2 the stiffness increases of up to 50% compared to bare SiO2, and then it decreases when increasing the number of layers. Up to 4 GPa, the reduced strain in the layers closer to the substrate decreases the probability of the sp2‐to‐sp3 phase transition, explaining the lower stiffness observed in thicker h‐BN.
Formulation, application timing, and postapplication irrigation timing affect dislodgeable azoxystrobin from turfgrass
Authors: Maxwell P. J. , Gannon T. W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAzoxystrobin is a broad‐spectrum strobilurin fungicide used widely in turfgrass systems, including lawns. Previous research has shown that various management practices influence pesticide dislodgement from turfgrass; however, limited research has been performed to determine their effect on azoxystrobin dislodge. A field experiment was conducted in Raleigh, NC, to quantify dislodgeable azoxystrobin (0.61 kg ai ha−1) foliar residue from tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbyshire] across formulations (sprayable or granular), application timings (AM [0700 h Eastern Standard Time] or PM [1400 h Eastern Standard Time]), and postapplication irrigation timings (4 or 48 h after treatment [HAT]). Sample collection occurred 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, or 16 d after treatment (DAT). Evaluated management practices affected dislodgeable azoxystrobin, most notably from 1 to 4 DAT. Sprayable azoxystrobin applied in the PM resulted in greater azoxystrobin dislodged (1.0–8.0% of applied) compared with AM (0.3–5.5%), which were both greater than granular azoxystrobin applied in the AM or PM (<0.1–2.8%) from 1 to 4 DAT. Within sprayable azoxystrobin, five times greater azoxystrobin was dislodged by delaying postapplication irrigation until 48 HAT (1.2–11.8% of applied) compared with irrigation 4 HAT (0.2–1.2%) from 1 to 4 DAT. Information from this study improves our understanding of factors affecting pesticide dislodge and can be incorporated into turfgrass management strategies to minimize potential human pesticide exposure.
Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analysis of the Namu skeletal assemblage: A study of past human migration on Taumako, a Polynesian Outlier in the eastern Solomon Islands
Authors: Kramer Robyn T. , King Charlotte L. , Buckley Hallie R. , Jaouen Klervia , Boyd Derek A. , Kiko Lawrence , Trost Manuel , Petchey Fiona , Kinaston Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to assess if inter‐island mobility can be identified during the Namu period (ca. 1,510–1800 AD) using87Sr/86Sr analysis of dental enamel for individuals from the Namu burial ground on Taumako Island in the eastern Solomon Island Chain. Historic evidence from this region suggests that females migrated between the Duff, Reef, and Santa Cruz islands for marriage purposes. We hypothesize that observable trends in migrational (87Sr/86Sr) and dietary (δ13C and δ15N) isotopes can reveal the relationship between demographic factors, social status, diet, and female mobility on Taumako.MethodsThis research analyzes enamel87Sr/86Sr for 58 individuals in the Namu skeletal sample. The87Sr/86Sr results were compared with published dietary isotope data (bone collagen and dentin δ13C and δ15N values) and type/number of grave goods to assess whether trends within the data may be related to sex, age, or burial wealth.ResultsThe results show that females display significantly higher87Sr/86Sr values compared to males. One young adult female displayed a87Sr/86Sr value that was +2SD outside the mean for the sampled individuals. A linear mixed‐effects model and principle components analysis of87Sr/86Sr, δ13C, and δ15N values suggest that wealth, sex, and age‐cohort membership have an observable influence on the isotopic variation for the Taumako population.ConclusionWe suggest that during the Namu period, Taumako was patrilocal and that some females migrated there from the nearby Santa Cruz and Reef islands. One female immigrated to Taumako from a geologically distinct region outside of the Duff, Reef, and Santa Cruz Island groups.
Development of value‐added polyethylene grades with extended service lifetime: Weathering resistant flame retarded materials for outdoor applications
Authors: Porfyris Athanasios D. , Vouyiouka Stamatina N. , Luyt Adriaan S. , Korres Dimitrios M. , Malik Sarah S. , Gasmi Soumia , Grosshauser Michael , Pfaendner Rudolf , Papaspyrides Constantine D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current article deals with the development of different novel, tailor‐made polyolefin formulations exhibiting both low flammability and high weathering resistance, so as to provide value‐added polyethylene grades with extended service lifetime. Two low‐density (LDPE) and one linear low‐density (LLDPE) polyethylene grades were modified via melt compounding with an additive system comprising: (a) a nitrogen‐phosphorous intumescent system for flame retardance and (b) a hindered amine light stabilizer and a benzophenone‐type UV absorber for UV/heat stabilization, at a total loading of 30–35 wt%. The target was to reach V0 classification in UL94V flammability tests, while to a large extent maintaining the mechanical properties, such as, tensile and impact strength of the investigated polymers, thus ensuring that the additives do not interfere significantly with the material quality. Subsequently, the compounds were subjected to separate artificial UV and heat aging at 100°C for 1500 h; the formulations showed good flame retardance, even after prolonged artificial weathering, but there was an observable, although acceptable, decrease in the mechanical properties. Nevertheless, all the results show that the developed polyethylene compounds are very promising for outdoor applications, such as, irrigation piping and profiles, where long‐term weathering stability is important, and where flame retardance is important for safety during storage.
Erweiterte Untersuchungen zur Querkrafttragfähigkeit der Westrampe der Köhlbrandbrücke
Authors: Herbrand Martin , Rauert Tim , Zehetmaier Gerhard , Ullerich Christof 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAls eine der wichtigsten Verkehrsadern Hamburgs verläuft die Köhlbrandbrücke seit 1974 zwischen der Elbinsel Wilhelmsburg und Waltershof über den Köhlbrand. Während das Zentralstück als Schrägseilbrücke mit Stahlhohlkasten konstruiert wurde, wurden die Rampenbauwerke überwiegend aus Spannbeton hergestellt. Die Westrampe ist ein aus 19 Feldern bestehendes System mit Stützweiten zwischen 34 und 70 m und einer Gesamtlänge von 1 048 m. Im Zuge einer Nachrechnung in den Stufen 1 und 2 der Nachrechnungsrichtlinie wurden Defizite beim Nachweis der Querkraft und beim Nachweis des Ankündigungsverhaltens festgestellt. Dieser Bericht beschreibt erweiterte Untersuchungen zum Nachweis der Querkrafttragfähigkeit im Rahmen einer Stufe‐4‐Betrachtung.
Lithium‐induced overexpression of β‐catenin delays murine palatal shelf elevation by Cdc‐42 mediated F‐actin remodeling in mesenchymal cells
Authors: Wang Xiao‐ming , Liu Wei‐long , Chen Yu , Pang Xiao‐xiao , Wang Ya‐hong , Wu Min , Shi Bing , Li Cheng‐hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLithium chloride (LiCl) is widely used for the treatment of manic and other psychotic disorders, but the administration of lithium can result in several congenital defects in the fetus, including cleft palate (Meng, Wang, Torensma, Jw & Bian, 2015) (Szabo, 1970). However, the mechanism of Lithium's action as a developmental toxicant in palatogenesis is not well known.MethodsIn this study, hematoxylin‐eosin and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate the phenotypes and the expression of related markers in the LiCl‐treated mice model. The palatal mesenchymal cells were cultured in vitro, and stimulated with LiCl or SKL2000, and co‐treated with CASIN. β‐catenin protein and other cytoskeleton associated markers were evaluated by Western blotting.ResultsWe found that Lithium disrupted palate elevation by increasing the expression of β‐catenin in C57BL/6J mice with the high incidence of cleft palate (62.5%). LiCl disturbed the F‐actin responsible for cytoskeletal remodeling in mesenchymal cells, which proved to be essential in generating the elevating force during palatal elevation. Additionally, our Western blotting analysis revealed that the overexpression of β‐catenin resulted in up‐regulation of Cdc42, which mediated the downstream F‐actin synthesis.ConclusionsWe concluded the LiCl‐induced β‐catenin overexpression delayed murine palatal shelf elevation by disturbing Cdc42 mediated F‐actin cytoskeleton synthesis in the palatal mesenchyme.
Fungicide‐loaded and biodegradable xylan‐based nanocarriers
Authors: Beckers Sebastian J. , Wetherbee Luc , Fischer Jochen , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe delivery of agrochemicals is typically achieved by the spraying of fossil‐based polymer dispersions, which might accumulate in the soil and increase microplastic pollution. A potentially sustainable alternative is the use of biodegradable nano‐ or micro‐formulations based on biopolymers, which can be degraded selectively by fungal enzymes to release encapsulated agrochemicals. To date, no hemicellulose nanocarriers for drug delivery in plants have been reported. Xylan is a renewable and abundant feedstock occurring naturally in high amounts in hemicellulose ‐ a major component of the plant cell wall. Herein, xylan from corncobs was used to produce the first fungicide‐loaded xylan‐based nanocarriers by interfacial polyaddition in an inverse miniemulsion using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a crosslinking agent. The nanocarriers were redispersed in water and the aqueous dispersions were proven to be active in vitro against several pathogenic fungi, which are responsible for fungal plant diseases in horticulture or agriculture. Besides, empty xylan‐based nanocarriers stimulated the growth of fungal mycelium, which indicated the degradation of xylan in the presence of the fungi, and underlined the degradation as a trigger to release a loaded agrochemical. This first example of crosslinked xylan‐based nanocarriers expands the library of biodegradable and biobased nanocarriers for agrochemical release and might play a crucial role for future formulations in plant protection.
SARS‐CoV‐2 virtual biochemistry labs on bioinformatics and drug design
Authors: Brandt Gabriel S. , Novak Walter R. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractColleges and universities are learning to provide relevant virtual lab experiences for students due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Even schools attempting in‐person instruction often need to utilize virtual experiences for students absent due to quarantine or illness. Much of biochemistry is amenable to molecular visualization and/or computational study; however, many faculty face learning how to utilize new computational and molecular visualization software. We present a set of virtual lab exercises with detailed instructions to engage students in the discovery of novel antiviral compounds against the SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease.
How to serve sustainability performance in businesses? An appetizing recipe to link practices to performance in business sustainability research
Authors: Imbrogiano Jean‐Pierre , Nichols Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent critiques claim that business sustainability scholarship offers little evidence on how to effectively address business unsustainability. In this article, we demonstrate why this problem exists. Specifically, we argue that the literatures on internal practices of business sustainability, and on the sustainability performance of businesses, do not speak to each other and that explanatory models also fail to bridge a corresponding gap in the field. We argue for the development of a subfield of sustainability performance in businesses and explain the types of inquiries that should be developed. Finally, we suggest how scholars in the business sustainability field could contribute to the development of better understanding of sustainability performance in businesses.
Corporate sustainability and financial performance: Collective reputation as moderator of the relationship between environmental performance and firm market value
Authors: Kim Seonghoon , Terlaak Ann , Potoski Matthew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarkets value superior corporate sustainability performance in part because investors use a firm's environmental performance as a signal of desirable but difficult‐to‐observe attributes, such as the firm's integrity capacity. Yet a signaling conflict can arise when a firm belongs to an organizational form that has a collective reputation for being unethical. In such circumstances, the firm's environmental performance may no longer credibly signal its underlying integrity capacity, leading markets to adjust downward the value they would otherwise place on the firm's environmental performance. Using longitudinal data on South Korean firms, we find that improvements in firm environmental performance lead to smaller increases in market values for firms belonging to a poorly reputed organizational form. However, firms can partially recover lost value by adopting firm features that reduce the signaling conflict, thereby restoring the notion of corporate sustainability performance driving firm market values.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Strategies in Regenerative/Reconstructive Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Barbagallo Giovanni , D'Urso Umberto , Psaila Alessandro , Cultrera Dario 
Published: December 2020

Focused Clinical QuestionAfter a quick overview on the original principles of guided periodontal regeneration (GTR), the aim of this paper focuses on the advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques for periodontal regeneration/reconstruction. The specific clinical question to answer is:

Are there new clinical parameters useful to choose the best minimal invasive surgery approach for each periodontal defect?
An update of the decision trees is to propose after highlighting some clinical parameters deemed relevant for the choice of the most suitable minimally invasive surgical approach and which therefore are considered by us having a place in the new decision trees.SummaryStarting from the paper of Evian dated 1985 until that of Aslan in 2017, we have analyzed the minimal periodontal surgical techniques proposed for the periodontal regeneration. In addition to the parameters set in the various flowcharts, we have highlighted the following additional parameters: papilla height loss; supra bone component of the defect; Δ Bone Sounding; width of keratinized tissue.ConclusionThe decision‐making chart improved with the new clinically relevant factors may serve as a useful guideline for dentists, but to definitively validate it, further studies need to be developed in the future. In order to clarify the proposed flow chart, the authors present two different clinical cases.
Cover up: Clinic outcomes of covered stent usage for coronary perforation during PCI
Authors: Elison David , Dean Larry S. 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
Coronary artery perforation is an uncommon, but potentially devastating, complication of PCI, and is observed most frequently in complex procedures.
Clinical outcomes, including periprocedural and long‐term mortality, are markedly worse with increasing degree of perforation.
Perforation required covered stent usage predicts a high in‐hospital and overall mortality, although no difference is noted between covered stent type.
Content is king: Use of educational videos in cardiac catheterization
Authors: Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
A simple 3‐min educational video viewed before cardiac catheterization significantly improved patient knowledge and alleviated patient anxiety.
The key characteristics of a good educational video are: clarity, simplicity, brevity, and humanity.
Educational videos may benefit both patients and operators but require continuous evaluation and improvement.
The anatomy is the plastic image of function: the role of the ventricle‐aortic angle in TAVR
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Fraccaro Chiara 
Published: December 2020

Key Points
The horizontal aorta of 51° or more, dilated annulus and severe asymmetric calcifications result the three anatomical key features in predicting worse outcome after transfemoral TAVR with the new iterations of self‐expandable devices.
These findings further validate the ESC guidelines on the importance of anatomical factors in favoring TAVR or surgical aortic valve replacement.
Future trials on head to head comparison between valves and on the role of ancillary devices are important to refine final decision making of the heart team on the type of aortic valve replacement and type of valve.
Prenatal mucopolysaccharidosis VII: A novel pathogenic variant identified in GUSB gene
Authors: Poyatos‐Andújar Antonio Miguel , García‐Linares Susana , Carretero Pilar , Ocon Olga , Fresneda Dolores , Gort Laura , Molina García Francisa Sonia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClinical exome sequencing is a powerful approach to overcome the wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity of mucopolysaccharidosis. These data could be useful for prenatal diagnosis of MPS VII, genetic counseling, and preimplantation genetic testing.