bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Promotion Effect of Transition Metals on Water‐Tolerant Performance of Cu/SiO2 Catalysts in Hydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Chen Zheng , Zhu Guisheng , Wu Yi , Sun Jiaqiang , Abbas Mohamed , Wang Pengfei , Chen Jiangang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effect of transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) on water‐tolerant performance of Cu/SiO2 catalysts in hydrogenation reaction at industrially relevant conditions (containing water) was investigated. Notably, an improvement in the water‐tolerant hydrogenation performance, indexed by the decrease in the reaction temperature (from 280 to 240 °C) was achieved. The HRTEM showed the existence of crystal defects which formed at the border of copper species and doping metal species. Furthermore, XRD of catalysts after reaction showed the peak shift was existed, indicating crystal defects were existed in the reaction. From the result of Cu LMM and TPR, the doping of metal element could also increase the value of Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+) by adjusting the interaction between copper ion and silica. The in‐situ DRIFT visually showed the promotion effect of doping meal on hydrogenation reaction. Combined with hydrogenation performance, it could be found crystal defects and high Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+) were main factors to improve hydrogenation performance of Cu/SiO2 catalyst, which provided more active sites at relative low temperature and then improve the water‐tolerant performance. Furthermore, it was found the size of Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+) took major responsibility for the improvement of hydrogenation performance, and crystal defects played an auxiliary role. The Cu−Zn/SiO2 catalyst showed the best water‐tolerant hydrogenation performance with a high conversion and stability at low temperature reaction conditions.
Rambutan‐Inspired Yolk‐Shell Silica@Carbon Frameworks from Biomass for Long‐Life Anode Materials
Authors: Ding Huarui , Wang Guang , Qi Ying , Bao Jian , Lian Jiabiao , Qiu Jingxia , Li Sheng , Yuan Shouqi , Li Huaming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSiO2 is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for Li‐ion batteries due to its high capacity, low cost and other merits. However, the poor conductivity and the volume change are still hindering its practical applications. In this work, a rambutan‐inspired structure is designed to fabricate amorphous SiO2@N, P co‐doped porous carbon frameworks from biomass. The carbon shell could connect with each other, providing good conductivity. After partially etching of the SiO2, the yolk‐shell structure could buffer the volume changes of SiO2 during the charge/discharge processes without destroying the conducting shell. Besides, N, P doping and graphite nano crystallites in the frameworks could also offer more active sites for Li+ storage. As a result, the composite can not only exhibit excellent rate performance nearly 300 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2000 mA g−1, but also deliver a surprisingly stable reversible capacity of 373 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles at the current density of 500 mA g−1 with the Coulombic efficiency beyond 99%. Considering the facile preparation and satisfactory lithium storage abilities, this composite design could be able to extend for practical battery application.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Functionalized Nitroindazolylacetonitrile Derivatives
Authors: Eddahmi Mohammed , Moura Nuno M. M. , Bouissane Latifa , Faustino Maria A. F. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Paz Filipe A. A. , Mendes Ricardo F. , Figueiredo Joana , Carvalho Josué , Cruz Carla , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Rakib El Mostapha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe versatility of N‐methyl‐nitroindazolylacetonitriles as templates for further modifications was evidenced by their successfully alkylation with a series of alkyl halides using DBU as base affording the monoalkylated derivatives in high yields. Another synthetic strategy used to modify the nitroindazolylacetonitrile derivatives was the Knoevenagel condensation with a series of aldehydes in the presence of piperidine; such condensation allowed the preparation of the desired products in good to excellent yields. The reaction of a series of nitroindazolylacetonitriles with salicylaldehyde showed to be an efficient and fast methodology to prepare chromenone‐imine‐indazoles (83‐92%), which by acid hydrolysis were converted into the corresponding chromenone‐indazole derivatives (88‐94%). The structures of derivatives 8 h, 8 l and 10 were unequivocally confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The drug‐likeness properties of the compounds were evaluated in silico and none of the tested nitroindazolylacetonitriles violated the Lipinski's “rule of five”. The antiproliferative activity against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and normal human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated by MTT assay and revealed that compounds 7 b, 8 d and 14 a are those who presented higher antiproliferative effect against HeLa cancer cells.
Electronic And Steric Effect Favored Selective Synthesis Of Asymmetric (‐) N‐Aryl Mandelamides
Authors: Mishra Ashish A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work reports selective synthesis of asymmetric (‐) α–Hydroxyl Amides like N‐aryl mandelamides via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of α–keto Amides like N‐aryl benzoyl formamides using Ru‐Tethered TsDPEN catalyst. The electronic and steric effect at ortho position leading to high enantioselectivity for ATH of carbonyl, sandwiched between two sp2 carbon is studied. A wide range of mono and di ortho substituted α–hydroxyl amide is synthesized using this protocol with good enantioselectivity.
Leveraging metamorphic testing to automatically detect inconsistencies in code generator families
Authors: Boussaa Mohamed , Barais Olivier , Sunyé Gerson , Baudry Benoit 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYGenerative software development has paved the way for the creation of multiple code generators that serve as a basis for automatically generating code to different software and hardware platforms. In this context, the software quality becomes highly correlated to the quality of code generators used during software development. Eventual failures may result in a loss of confidence for the developers, who will unlikely continue to use these generators. It is then crucial to verify the correct behaviour of code generators in order to preserve software quality and reliability.In this paper, we leverage the metamorphic testing approach to automatically detect inconsistencies in code generators via so‐called “metamorphic relations”. We define the metamorphic relation (i.e., test oracle) as a comparison between the variations of performance and resource usage of test suites running on different versions of generated code. We rely on statistical methods to find the threshold value from which an unexpected variation is detected. We evaluate our approach by testing a family of code generators with respect to resource usage and performance metrics for five different target software platforms. The experimental results show that our approach is able to detect, among 95 executed test suites, 11 performance and 15 memory usage inconsistencies.
Synthesis of robust PID Control systems using stability feeler and partial model matching
Authors: Matsuda Tadasuke , Nakamura Yukinori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new method for the synthesis of robust proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control systems. The proposed method is based on the idea of partial model matching. The stability feeler, a tool for robust stability analysis, is used to stabilize closed‐loop systems with uncertainties. An advantage of the proposed method is that it guarantees robust stability of control systems. To clarify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two types of simulations are given. One is the case where the nominal plant is not stable. The other is the case where the plant is not robustly stable although the nominal plant is stable. The simulation results when the nominal plant is not stable show that the controller derived by the proposed method robustly stabilizes the closed‐loop system, whereas that derived by conventional partial model matching method cannot stabilize it. Moreover, when the plant is not robustly stable, it can be seen that the controller by the proposed method can robustly stabilize the system. Therefore, it is shown that the proposed method enables one to derive PID controllers robustly stabilizing closed‐loop systems. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Likelihood ratios for lawyers…I didn't go to law school for this!
Authors: Valerio Raymond 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the proliferation of probabilistic genotyping software in forensic DNA analysis, prosecutors are faced with the challenge of understanding complex statistical conclusions and their corresponding meanings. Unlike many scientists, lawyers rarely learn statistics in college or law school; statistics are neither a subject on state bar examinations nor a topic in any core continuing legal education course. Therefore, when faced with complicated DNA comparison statistics, prosecutors may unknowingly present misleading—or even incorrect—arguments to the fact finder. In this primer, I explain how to fairly argue probabilistic genotyping statistics in forensic DNA analysis.This article is categorized under:
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication Across Science and Law
Forensic Biology > Ethical and Social Implications
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Chiral strings, the sectorized description and their integrated vertex operators
Authors: Jusinskas Renann Lipinski 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA chiral string can be seen as an ordinary string in a singular gauge for the worldsheet metric and has the ambitwistor string as its tensionless limit. As proposed by Siegel, there is a one-parameter (β) gauge family interpolating between the chiral limit and the usual conformal gauge in string theory. This idea was used to compute scattering amplitudes of tensile chiral strings, which are given by standard string amplitudes with modified (β-dependent) antiholomorphic propagators. Due to the absence of a sensible definition of the integrated vertex operator, there is still no ordinary prescription for higher than 3-point amplitude computations directly from the chiral model. The exception is the tensionless limit. In this work this gap will be filled. Starting with a chiral string action, the integrated vertex operator is defined, relying on the so-called sectorized interpretation. As it turns out, this construction effectively emulates a left/right factorization of the scattering ampli- tude and introduces a relative sign flip in the propagator for thesector-splittarget space coordinates.N-point tree-level amplitudes can be easily shown to coincide with the results of Siegel et al.
Endovenöse (minimalinvasive) Verfahren zur Therapie der Varikose
Authors: Hartmann Karsten 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie thermische Ablation der Stammvarikose hat sich zu einem Standardverfahren in der Behandlung des Krampfaderleidens entwickelt. Der klinische Erfolg der endovenös-thermischen Verfahren ist vergleichbar mit der Stripping-Operation, ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen diesen Gruppen konnte in Langzeitanalysen nicht nachgewiesen werden. Lediglich in der Genese der mit Duplexultraschall-detektierten Krossenrezidive gibt es einen Unterschied: Eine Neoangiogenese tritt nach Stripping-Operation auf, ein Rezidiv über eine belassene V. saphena accessoria anterior vorwiegend nach endovenöser Ablation der Stammvene. Kosteneinsparungen durch vermehrt ambulant durchgeführte endovenöse Verfahren im Vergleich zur Stripping-Operation, die immer noch (im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern) in Deutschland oft stationär durchgeführt wird, sind inzwischen nachgewiesen. Eine endovenöse Krossektomie sollte angestrebt werden. Nichtthermische endoluminale Katheterverfahren sind vorwiegend der Behandlung der V. saphena parva vorbehalten.
Suspected breast implant rupture: our experience, recommendations on its management and a proposal for a model of informed consent
Authors: Zingaretti Nicola , Fasano Daniele , Baruffaldi Preis Franz W. , Moreschi Carlo , Ricci Silvia , Massarut Samuele , De Francesco Francesco , Parodi Pier Camillo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Implant rupture may be detected by physical examination, ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); the majority of silicone implant ruptures are clinically undetectable. The absence of guidelines for behaviour in the face of a suspected implant rupture often entails sending these patients for prosthetic revision surgery rather than carrying out in-depth radiodiagnostics to confirm implant rupture. The aim of this paper is to report our multicentric experience, to indicate the correct diagnostic-therapeutic procedure and to propose a model of informed consent.

Methods
We conducted a multicentric retrospective analysis of 183 women submitted to prosthetic revision surgery due to radiological diagnosis of suspected implant rupture after breast augmentation or post-mastectomy reconstruction, admitted to three different Plastic Surgery Departments between 2002 and 2018. We correlated surgical findings with purpose of examination, symptoms, physical examination, imaging and device specifications.

Results
Two hundred and twenty-one explanted implants were preoperatively suspected as ruptured. One-third were intact and unjustifiably explanted. US associated with MRI evaluation was the most accurate method. Patient’s age, comorbidities, smoking, medications, symptoms presented, implant duration and volume did not correlate with implant rupture.

Conclusions
Our study confirms that the association of US and MRI represents the mode of diagnosis with fewest false positives. Given the high number of errors associated with suspected intracapsular implant rupture, it seems necessary to submit an appropriate and specific informed consent that takes into account the emotional component and clearly and completely explains the possible alternatives and complications associated with possible prosthetic revision surgery.
Level of evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic study
Survival with Follicular and Hurthle Cell Microcarcinoma Compared to Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Population Study of 84,532 Patients
Authors: Khokar Amna M. , Holoubek Simon A. , Kuchta Kristine M. , Winchester David J. , Prinz Richard A. , Moo‐Young Tricia A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study compares survival in patients with the rare subtypes of follicular (FTmC) and Hurthle cell (HCmC) microcarcinoma compared to that of papillary thyroid (PTmC) microcarcinoma.MethodsPatients with FTmC and HCmC were selected from the National Cancer Database 2004–2015 and compared with PTmC. Patient clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis evaluated binary outcomes and predictors of survival. A propensity score matched analysis using age, gender, race, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), nodal status, distant metastasis, radiation, and operation was performed to evaluate the difference in OS with FTmC, HCmC, and PTmC.ResultsWe identified 858 FTmC, 476 HCmC, and 82,056 PTmC. FTmC was less likely to have macroscopic ETE compared to PTmC (2.6% vs. 3.1% p = 0.03), but more likely to have distant metastasis (2.3% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.01). FTmC and HCmC were less likely to have nodal metastasis (2.7%, 2.5% vs. 10.9%, p < 0.01). Ten‐year OS was decreased in patients with FTmC (91.4%, p = 0.04) and HCmC (89.8%, p < 0.01) compared to PTmC (93.5%). On multivariable analysis, histology was not associated with OS. With HCmC, older age (OR 1.13, p < 0.01) and male gender (OR 2.72, p = 0.03) were associated with decreased OS. In propensity matched analysis, there was no difference in 10‐year OS with FTmC and PTmC (91.4% vs. 93.7%, p = 0.54), but HCmC had decreased OS compared to PTmC (89.8% vs. 94.3%, p = 0.04).ConclusionsPatients with FTmC have comparable OS to those with PTmC, but HCmC has decreased OS especially in older and male patients.
Heart non-specific effector CD4+ T cells protect from postinflammatory fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in experimental autoimmune myocarditis
Authors: Zarak-Crnkovic Martina , Kania Gabriela , Jaźwa-Kusior Agnieszka , Czepiel Marcin , Wijnen Winandus J. , Czyż Jarosław , Müller-Edenborn Björn , Vdovenko Daria , Lindner Diana , Gil-Cruz Cristina , Bachmann Marta , Westermann Dirk , Ludewig Burkhard , Distler Oliver , Lüscher Thomas F. , Klingel Karin , Eriksson Urs , Błyszczuk Przemysław 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeart-specific CD4+T cells have been implicated in development and progression of myocarditis in mice and in humans. Here, using mouse models of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) we investigated the role of heart non-specific CD4+T cells in the progression of the disease. Heart non-specific CD4+T cells were obtained from DO11.10 mice expressing transgenic T cell receptor recognizing chicken ovalbumin. We found that heart infiltrating CD4+T cells expressed exclusively effector (Teff) phenotype in the EAM model and in hearts of patients with lymphocytic myocarditis. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that while heart-specificTeffinfiltrated the heart shortly after injection, heart non-specificTeffeffectively accumulated during myocarditis and became the major heart-infiltrating CD4+T cell subset at later stage. Restimulation of co-cultured heart-specific and heart non-specific CD4+T cells with alpha-myosin heavy chain antigen showed mainly Th1/Th17 response for heart-specificTeffand up-regulation of a distinct set of extracellular signalling molecules in heart non-specificTeff. Adoptive transfer of heart non-specificTeffin mice with myocarditis did not affect inflammation severity at the peak of disease, but protected the heart from adverse post-inflammatory fibrotic remodelling and cardiac dysfunction at later stages of disease. Furthermore, mouse and humanTeffstimulated in vitro with common gamma cytokines suppressed expression of profibrotic genes, reduced amount of α-smooth muscle actin filaments and decreased contraction of cardiac fibroblasts. In this study, we provided a proof-of-concept that heart non-specificTeffcells could effectively contribute to myocarditis and protect the heart from the dilated cardiomyopathy outcome.
Metabolite profiling paradoxically reveals favorable levels of lipids, markers of oxidative stress and unsaturated fatty acids in a diabetes susceptible group of Middle Eastern immigrants
Authors: Al-Majdoub Mahmoud , Spégel Peter , Bennet Louise 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims
The population of immigrants from the Middle East in Sweden show a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to native Swedes. The exact reason for this is unknown. Here, we have performed metabolite profiling to investigate these differences.

Methods
Metabolite profiling was conducted in Iraqi immigrants (n = 93) and native Swedes (n = 77) using two complementary mass spectrometry-based platforms. Differences in metabolite levels were compared after adjustment for confounding anthropometric, diet and clinical variables.

Results
The Iraqi immigrant population were more obese (44.1 vs 24.7%, p < 0.05), but had a lower prevalence of hypertension (32.3 vs 54.8%, p < 0.01) than the native Swedish population. We detected 140 metabolites, 26 of which showed different levels between populations (q < 0.05,) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, T2D and use of metformin. Twenty-two metabolites remained significant after further adjustment for HOMA-IR, HOMA-beta or insulin sensitivity index. Levels of polyunsaturated acylcarnitines (14:2 and 18:2) and fatty acid (18:2) were higher, whereas those of saturated and monounsaturated acylcarnitines (14:0, 18:1, and 8:1), fatty acids (12:0, 14:0, 16:0, and 18:1), uremic solutes (urate and quinate) and ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate) were lower in Iraqi immigrants. Further, levels of phospholipids were generally lower in the Iraqi immigrant population.

Conclusions
Our result suggests an overall beneficial lipid profile in Iraqi immigrants, despite a higher risk to develop T2D. Higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids may suggest differences in dietary pattern, which in turn may reduce the risk of hypertension.
Experimental Comparison of UTC- and PIN-Photodiodes for Continuous-Wave Terahertz Generation
Authors: Nellen S. , Ishibashi T. , Deninger A. , Kohlhaas R. B. , Liebermeister L. , Schell M. , Globisch B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe carried out an experimental comparison study of the two most established optoelectronic emitters for continuous-wave (cw) terahertz generation: a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) and a pin-photodiode (PIN-PD). Both diodes are commercially available and feature a similar package (fiber-pigtailed housings with a hyper-hemispherical silicon lens). We measured the terahertz output as a function of optical illumination power and bias voltage from 50 GHz up to 1 THz, using a precisely calibrated terahertz power detector. We found that both emitters were comparable in their spectral power under the operating conditions specified by the manufacturers. While the PIN-PD turned out to be more robust against varying operating parameters, the UTC-PD showed no saturation of the emitted terahertz power even for 50 mW optical input power. In addition, we compared the terahertz transmission and infrared (IR) blocking ratio of four different filter materials. These filters are a prerequisite for correct measurements of the absolute terahertz power with thermal detectors.
From the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Central Italy: Settlement, Burial, and Social Change at the Dawn of Metal Production
Authors: Dolfini Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Late Neolithic and Copper Age were a time of change in most of Europe. Technological innovations including animal traction, the wheel, and plow agriculture transformed the prehistoric economy. The discovery of copper metallurgy expanded the spectrum of socially significant materials and realigned exchange networks away from Neolithic “greenstone,” obsidian, andSpondylusshells. New funerary practices also emerged, signifying the growing importance of lineage ancestors, as well as new ideas of personal identity. These phenomena have long attracted researchers’ attention in continental Europe and the British Isles, but comparatively little has been done in the Italian peninsula. Building on recent discoveries and interdisciplinary research on settlement patterns, the subsistence economy, the exchange of socially valuable materials, the emergence of metallurgy, funerary practices, and notions of the body, I critically appraise current models of the Neolithic-Bronze Age transition in light of the Italian regional evidence, focusing on central Italy. In contrast to prior interpretations of this period as the cradle of Bronze Age social inequality and the prestige goods economy, I argue that, at this juncture, prehistoric society reconfigured burial practices into powerful new media for cultural communication and employed new materials and objects as novel identity markers. Stratified political elites may not be among the new identities that emerged at this time in the social landscape of prehistoric Italy.