bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of atung seeds (Parinarium glaberrimum Hassk.) as a phytobiotic candidate in poultry ration based on nutrient composition, phytochemical and antibacterial properties
Authors: Hehanussa S C H , Zuprizal  , Dono N D , Hanim C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study determined the nutrient composition, phytochemical, and antibacterial activity of atung seed (Parinarium glaberrimum Hassk.) as a photobiotic candidate in poultry ration. Analysis of seed nutrient includes proximate analysis, calcium, phosphorus, and gross energy. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds of atung seed extract using the thin layer chromatography method. Antibacterial test on pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria used agar diffusion method with eight concentrations of atung seed and tetracycline as a positive control. Data of nutrient composition and phytochemical components were analyzed descriptively. Data of antibacterial test was analyzed by analysis of variance using nine treatments and four replications. The results showed that the atung seed contains 75.08% nitrogen-free extract and 5847.78 kcal/kg gross energy. Atung seed contains phenol compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Atung seed has a moderate to strong inhibition of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia
coli, Salmonella sp., Salmonella pullorum, and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the seed has a weak inhibition against Bifidiobacterium bifidum. It can be concluded that atung seed has the potential as a phytobiotic candidate based on phytochemical components and their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
Characteristics of fermented goat milk using combination of kombucha and Lactobacillus casei starters
Authors: Nurliyani  , Indratiningsih  , Widodo  , Sukarno A S , Suciati F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Kombucha is potential for starter for milk fermentation process. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of combination of L. casei and kombucha starters on quality of fermented goat milk. In this study, control group (T0) used 5% L. casei; T1 and T2 groups used 2% L. casei combined with 5% and 10% kombucha, respectively. Data of microbiological (total of bacteria, probiotics, yeast, and acetic acid bacteria); chemical (pH, acidity, lactose, fat, protein, moisture, and fatty acid); antioxidant activity, viscosity, and sensory qualities were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the addition 5 and 10% of kombucha starter did not affect the total of bacteria and probiotic, but significantly affected (P<0.01) the total yeast and total acetic acid bacteria. Acidity, pH, lactose, fat, and protein were similar, whereas the linoleic acid was higher in T1 than T2 and T0. Moisture content and antioxidant activity of T2 were higher than T0 and T1. The viscosity of T1 and T2 were lower (P<0.05). Sensory acceptance of fermented milk of T0 and T1 were higher than T2. It is concluded that L. casei combined with 5% kombucha starters (T1) was the best proportion to ferment goat milk.
The effect of fresh and hay alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation on hybrid duck performance
Authors: Suwignyo B , Sasongko H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fresh and hay alfalfa supplementation in diets on hybrid duck performance. In total 75 hybrid ducks with three treatments and five replications were used in this study. Each replication consisted of five ducks. The feeds were used in the trial consisted of P0 = Basal diets, P1 = Basal diets + 6 % fresh alfalfa supplementation (based on dry matter) and P2 = Basal diets + 6 % alfalfa hay supplementation (based on the dry matter). Water was given ad libitum. Parameters observed were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This study was arranged with Completely Randomized Design. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (α=5%) using the SPSS version 22 continued with Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test if significant results were found. The results showed that basal diets and fresh alfalfa supplementation significantly affected (P<0.05) to feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of 6 % alfalfa fresh resulted the highest body weight gain, followed by control (basal diet) and alfalfa hay. The conclusion from this study was supplementation of 6% alfalfa fresh give a better performance (body weight gain and consumption) than alfalfa hay supplementation, but not for FCR.
Application of conventional, vacuum, and retort packaging on the physicochemical and sensory evaluation of ready-to-eat (RTE) ayam kalasan at ambient temperature during two weeks
Authors: Triyannanto E , Fauziah S , Rahmatulloh S , Diqna H I , Putra T I D , Rusman  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to compare physicochemical, sensory, and shelf life of ready-to-eat (RTE) ayam kalasan, one of indigenous fried chicken from Indonesia using three different packaging. The treatment of packaging materials were P0 (conventional packaging), P1 (vacuum packaging), and P2 (retort packaging). Shelf life test was conducted at 0 and 2 weeks with triplication for each samples. The parameters tested were physicochemical and sensory evaluation. Physicochemical tests were pH, water holding capacity (WHC), tenderness, and proximate analysis (water, collagen, protein, and fat). Sensory parameters which were analyzed namely color, taste, texture, flavor, and tenderness. Data were analyzed using factorial analysis 3 x 2 combined with Duncan test. The results showed that the packaging material with three different methods produced different physicochemical and sensory qualities. The pH value were ranged from 5.96-6.18, WHC at 35.00%-49.30%, and tenderness at 1.94 kg/cm2-3.08 kg/cm2. Results showed that chemical parameters among different packaging ranged from 1.84%-2.15% for collagen, 6.94%-7.62% for fat, 59.40%-67.31% for water, and 24.13%-28.02% for protein. The sensory parameters including color, taste, texture, flavor, and tenderness ranged from 3.20-4.36; 3.73-3.90; 3.73-3.90; 3.10-3.82; and 3.00-4.00 respectively. This preliminary data could be used for further research related longer shelf life of RTE ayam kalasan.
Evaluation of farmer knowledge level on artificial insemination program and cow’s pregnancy in Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces
Authors: Agustine R , Widi T S M , Putra A R S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the level of knowledge of beef cattle farmers towards artificial insemination (AI) and to identify the success of the AI implementation by observing at the cow’s pregnancy rate. This study involved 400 farmers in Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces as respondents selected by multistage random sampling. Statistical descriptive analysis was used in this study. Frequency distribution used to determine the farmers’ level of knowledge toward AI program and the success of pregnancy rate. The results showed that the farmers in this study had a low level of formal education (elementary school) and had a various understanding of AI benefit. Most of the farmers included in the medium category of understanding the benefits of AI and only 25.5% have a high understanding of the benefits of AI. In conclusion, farmers already knew the signs of estrus in cow and had applied it to determine the right time for AI, but the success rate of pregnancy for beef cattle in this study was still low (48.5%).
Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken nugget with curcuma (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) flour fortification
Authors: Sujarwanta R O , Jamhari  , Suryanto E , Yuliatmo R , Prayitno A H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Loss of weight and appetite are significant concerns for many parents with toddlers and preschoolers as poor or ‘picky’ eaters. The combination of healthy yet delicious food for kids is greatly needed to cope this problem. One of them is providing chicken nugget with nutritional content such as curcumin which is able to boost the children appetite. This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of curcuma flour fortification on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of chicken nugget. Five formulations were developed: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% (w/w) of filler. The chicken nugget was characterized for their physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics. Curcuma flour fortification did not affect the water holding capacity, tenderness, protein, and fat contents of chicken nugget (P>0.05), but increased the vitamin E and curcumin contents of chicken nugget (P<0.05). Sensory characteristic test results showed that the fortification of curcuma flour did not affect acceptability in the sensory characteristic of chicken nugget. In conclusion, chicken nugget with curcuma flour fortification at the level of 2.0% showed the best characteristic of the chicken nugget.
In vitro rumen fermentation of oil palm frond with addition of Lactobacillus plantarum as probiotic
Authors: Astuti W D , Fidriyanto R , Ridwan R , Rohmatussolihat  , Sari N F , Widyastuti Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The research evaluated the effects of substitution of elephant grass (EG) with oil palm frond (OPF) and addition of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on in vitro rumen fermentation. Treatments were T1: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 40% + OPF 0%, T2: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 20% + OPF 20%, T3: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 0% + OPF 40%, T4: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 40% + OPF 0% + probiotic, T5: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 20% + OPF 20% + probiotic, T6: Concentrate 60% + elephant grass 0% + OPF 40% + probiotic. Probiotic increased gas production in each OPF level. Highest gas production from non-probiotic treatments was 99 ml, while highest gas production from probiotic treatments was 124.5 ml. Highest OPF proportion decreased gas production. Highest gas production was resulted from T4 (124.50 ml), higher than T3 (90.63ml). Substitution of EG with OPF decreased methane proportion in probiotic treatments. Highest methane proportion was resulted from T4 (7.31%). Probiotic did not affect digestibility and OPF decreased dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Thus, substitution of EG with OPF decreased gas production and digestibility. Probiotic increased gas production but cannot maintain rumen digestibility as equal as control.
The effect of supplementation of Leucaena leucochepala leaf in Friesian Holstein cows ration on milk production and composition
Authors: Nugroho D F , Suranindyah Y Y , Astuti A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate effect of supplementation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf in the ration on milk production and composition of Friesian Holstein cow. The experiment was performed using 3 treatments namely P0 (basal ration, composed of 40% concentrates + 60% forage of total dry matter), while P1 and P2 contained basal ration and Leucaena Leucocephala leaf, supplemented with 10 and 20% of total forage dry matter (DM), respectively. The experiment was performed for 60 days, with 12 lactation cows at body weight average 400 - 450 kg. Cows were at 3 to 4 months of lactation stage. Parameters observed were milk production (L/d) and milk composition namely percentage of protein, fat and lactose. Results showed that P2 significantly increased milk production compared to P1 and P0, while in milk composition in P1 and P2 were significantly higher compared to control. The average of protein, fat and lactose of milk in P0 were 2.87%, 4.73% and 4.44%, P1 were 2.99%, 3.29% and 4.86%, P3 4.91%, 4.59% and 4.60%, respectively. It is concluded that supplementation of Leucaena Leucocephala leaf at 10 and 20% improve milk composition, but only at 20% supplementation the milk production was increase.
The effect of addition of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the rancidity process of concentrate feed based on lactic acid bacteria fermentation during aerobic storage
Authors: Pangistika A W , Bachruddin Z , Kurniawati A , Utomo R , Hanim C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on rancidity process of concentrate feed based on lactic acid bacteria fermentation (CFLAB) in aerobic storage conditions. The treatments were the addition of turmeric extract, turmeric flour, and vitamin E in feed with levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and storage for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 days with three replications. Antioxidant activity was carried out by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl analysis. The pH, free fatty acids numbers (FFA), and organoleptic analysis were determined in CFLAB quality during storage. DPPH analysis showed that turmeric extract and vitamin E had the best antioxidant activity. Addition of 2% turmeric extract, 2% turmeric flour, and 2% vitamin E lowered the pH. The addition of antioxidant compounds decreased FFA levels compared to controls except for the addition of vitamin E, but in terms of the percentage increase in FFA levels during storage, the addition of 1,5% turmeric flour gave the best results. Physical quality in the form of color, odor, texture, and fungus indicated that the quality of the CFLAB was able to keep in good condition due to the antioxidant sources addition.
Effects of curcumin supplementation in aflatoxin B1-contaminated diet on the performance and egg quality of laying duck
Authors: Sumantri I , Sulaiman A , Gulo N , Wahyuni P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to asses the effects of curcumin supplementation in AFB1-contaminated diet on the performance and external egg quality of laying duck. Fourty eight seven-months female Alabio ducks (Anas platyrinchos
Borneo) were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 4 replicates of 4 ducks per pen: (1) Control (commercial feed); (2) AFB1 100 ppb diet (Control + AFB1-contaminated diet} and (3) CUR diet (AFB1 100 ppb diet + 0.05% Curcumin). Dietary trial was conducted for 42 days. Ducks were weighed on day 21 and 42 to calculate the body weights changes. The percentage of egg production was calculated since 21st day. Egg weight, shell thickness, and yolk weight percentage were determined in egg samples collected on the last three days of the experiment. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (IBM SPSS 21). Results showed live weight and weight gain were signifcantly lower in AFB1 diet (P< 0.05), and curcumin supplementation could diminish the negative effect of AFB1. However, treatments had no significant effects (P > 0.05) on egg production and egg external qualities. It was concluded that curcumin supplementation has positive effects on the laying duck performance which ingest AFB1-contaminated diet.
The effect of water clover (Marsilea crenata) extract addition in egg yolk and skim milk extender on frozen goat semen quality
Authors: Wahjuningsih S , Ciptadi G , Pridiawati K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFrozen semen has of longer storage time, but the effect of cold shock during processing reduces the semen quality. Antioxidants in water clover extract are expected to be able to maintain the quality of frozen semen. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of addition of water clover extract (WCE) in the base semen dilution (egg yolk-skim milk) to the quality of post-thawing semen. The material used in this study was goat semen. There were four treatments: T0 as control (base dilution + 0% WCE), T1 (base dilution +1% WCE), T2 (base dilution +3% WCE), and T3 (base dilution +5% WCE), with ten replications each.. This study used a randomized completed design, ANOVA, and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the addition of water clover extract to egg yolk skim extender had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the motility of individual spermatozoa, viability and membrane integrity, but didn’t have a significant effect (P> 0.05) on sperm abnormalities. The research concludes that the addition of 3% water clover extract in egg yolk skim milk extender was the best concentration to maintain the quality of frozen goat semen.
The effects of graded levels of fermented duckweed in quail diets on egg production and yolk cholesterol
Authors: Ayuni Y A , Syamsuhaidi  , Wiryawan K G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of feeding graded levels of fermented duckweed meal (FDM) in quail diets on production performances, egg internal quality and yolk cholesterol. A total of 100 two- months-old of quail layers (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments, in which each treatment consisted of five replications with five birds each according to a completely randomized design. The FDM used in each treatment were 0, 5, 10, and 15%, complementing other feed ingredients. Observations were conducted for 6 weeks following a week of adaptation to diets and environment. On the last two days, six eggs from each replication were collected for determination of internal qualities and yolk cholesterol. Result shows that daily egg production varied from 66 – 76%. Egg production of birds received diet with 10% FDM was not different (P>0.05) from those of control, but those fed on diet with 15% FDM was significantly lower (P<0.05). Egg weight and yolk weight decreased when level of FDM increased, but eggshell and egg yolk cholesterol were not affected (P>0.05) by dietary levels of FDM. The results suggest that fermented duckweed meal using mixed culture probiotics can be fed up to 10%.
Genetic Identification of POU1F1|PstI gene of Lakor Goat from Lakor Island, Southwest Maluku Regency
Authors: Volkandari S D , Kakisina P , Rumanta M , Kunda R M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lakor goat is a domestic animal from Lakor island in South West Maluku Regency. They successfully survive and reproduce with limited water, grass and high temperature. Growth traits is an economic trait which important for breeding strategy (productivity improvement). Pituitary Specific Transcription Factor 1 (POU1F1) is otherwise known as PIT1 gene plays a role of growth and carcass traits. The objective of this study was to identify the POU1F1 gene in Lakor goat from Lakor island in Southwest Maluku Regency. Sixty-three samples of hair tail were collected from three different locations: Ketti Letpey (18), Werwawan Jamluli (26) and Letoda (19). DNA was extracted by DNA isolation kit. POU1FI gene was amplified using PCR technique while genotyping used PCR-RFLP with PstI restriction enzyme. Result showed that only one genotype (TT) was found and monomorphic. It may be caused remote area and limited of ram that indicated inbreeding has occurred. Inbreeding rate or coefficient study and introgression of ram from out of Lakor island by Artificial Insemination (AI) or natural mating is needed.
Effect of Leucaena leucocephala substitution on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission in thin tailed-sheep
Authors: Muhlisin  , Yusiati L M , Hanim C , Anas M A , Muktiari B N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of substitution of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emission in thin tailed-sheep. Rumen fluid were collected form two thin tailed-sheep fed with mixed-forages. The basal diet used in in vitro study consisted of 30% of concentrate and 70 % of forages. LL leaves substituted the forages of basal diet by 10% or 25 %. Methane production, carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia concentration, microbial protein, protozoa, volatile fatty acids (VFA) were obtained according to in vitro gas production methods followed by microbial diversity evaluation. Substitution of LL leaves reduced (P<0.05) the pH, ammonia and microbial protein regardless percentage of substitution. Protozoa counts lowered as the LL leaves increased (P<0.05). However, there were no significant effects of LL leaves substitution on VFA production, CO2 and methane emission. It can be concluded that substitution of LL leaves to forages up to 25% was not enough to reduce methane emission although some ruminal fermentation parameters were affected.
First molecular identification of Fusarium fujikuroi causing pollen rot of palm trees ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Iraq and evaluation efficacy of some nanoparticles against it
Authors: Abedalred Estabraq M. , Ismail Waref M. H. , Abdulmoohsin Rajaa G. , Al-Karhi Mytham A. J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was carried out to identify the causal agent of root rot on date palm in major growing areas in Iraq. As well as, the efficiency of ZnO and MgO NPs were assessed against the pathogen. Microscopic examination and morphological characterization revealed that Fusarium sp. was present in all examined samples and was the most pathogenic fungi. The PCR specificity identification based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)/5.8S regions showed that the pathogenic fungus was Fusarium
fujikuroi. The F. fujikuroi inhibited seed germination 53.55% compared with seed germination of 81 % in control. All concentrations (1,2,4 g/l) of ZnO NPs proved to be effective against F. fujikuroi particularly at concentrations 4 g/l with inhibition percentage exceeded 74.05%. Although, the same concentrations of MgO NPs did not show same inhibition capacity against the same pathogen comparing with ZnO NPs, they were significantly better than in control. The results indicate clearly to possibly to use the fungicides with ZnO and MgO NPs particularly at concentrations 2,4g/l in management of pollen rot of date palm trees. Information from this study might assist scientists to design effective strategies in controlling date palm diseases.
Evaluate the efficiency of Bonanza weedicide to control Cuscuta pentagona on eggplant
Authors: Al-Gburi Bashar Kadhim H. , Mohammed Akeel Emad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractField dodder (Cuscuta pentagona) is a predominant plan parasite on Solanaceous vegetables in Iraq. Series of field experiments were carried out in Najaf province during 2018 season to evaluate the efficiency of Bonanza to controlC. pentagonaparasitizing on eggplant. Results highlighted that there were significant differences in all studied indicators in comparison with control treatment. Bonanza treatment was greater in term of leaves number, surface area, plant height, dry weight of root and shoot, less time to mature the first fruit and increasing the production of fruits for each plant. Leave contains of carbohydrates, mineral elements, salicylic acid, chlorophyll, total phenols and plant hormones (IAA, GA3) were increased compared to control treatment. Fruit contains of Ascorbic acid and total soluble solids were also increased. Bonanza weedicide was controlledC. pentagonaon treated plants as well as increased early and total field productivity respectively (8.016, 67.68 t/ha−1) in comparison with control (6.690, 40.80 t/ha−1). GC-MS analyses showed that there is no weedicide residues on fruits treated with Bonanza after ten days.