bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of the Treatment with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir following heart transplantation utilizing hepatitis C viremic donors
Authors: Reyentovich Alex , Gidea Claudia G. , Smith Deane , Lonze Bonnie , Kon Zachary , Fargnoli Anthony , Pavone Jennifer , Rao Shaline , Saraon Tajinderpal , Lewis Tyler , Qian Yingzhi , Jacobson Ira , Moazami Nader 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) has expanded transplantation from hepatitis C viremic donors (HCV‐VIR). Our team has conducted an open‐label, prospective trial to assess outcomes transplanting HCV viremic hearts. Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) was our sole DAA.MethodsSerial quantitative hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA PCR was obtained to assess HCV viral titers. Between January 2018 and June 2019, a total of 50 recipients were transplanted. Of these, 22/50 (44%) were from HCV‐VIR, the remaining 28 from non‐viremic (HCV NON‐VIR) donors. An 8‐week course of GLE/PIB was initiated at 1 week post‐transplant.ResultsThere was no difference in demographic or clinical parameters between groups. All 22 recipients of HCV‐VIR transplants became viremic. GLE/PIB was effective in decreasing viremia to undetectable levels by 6 weeks post‐transplant in all patients. The median time to first undetectable HCV quantitative PCR was (4.3 weeks, IQR: 4‐5.7 weeks). All patients demonstrated sustained undetectable viral load through 1‐year follow‐up. There was no difference in survival at one year between HCV NON‐VIR 28/28: (100%) vs HCV‐VIR 21/22 (95%) recipients.ConclusionsOur center reports excellent outcomes in transplanting utilizing hearts from HCV‐VIR donors. No effect on survival or co‐morbidity was found. An 8‐week GLE/PIB course was safe and effective when initiated approximately 1 week post‐transplant.
Prediction: Coveted, Yet Forsaken? Introducing a Cross‐Validated Predictive Ability Test in Partial Least Squares Path Modeling
Authors: Liengaard Benjamin Dybro , Sharma Pratyush Nidhi , Hult G. Tomas M. , Jensen Morten Berg , Sarstedt Marko , Hair Joseph F. , Ringle Christian M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTManagement researchers often develop theories and policies that are forward‐looking. The prospective outlook of predictive modeling, where a model predicts unseen or new data, can complement the retrospective nature of causal‐explanatory modeling that dominates the field. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling is an excellent tool for building theories that offer both explanation and prediction. A limitation of PLS, however, is the lack of a statistical test to assess whether a proposed or alternative theoretical model offers significantly better out‐of‐sample predictive power than a benchmark or an established model. Such an assessment of predictive power is essential for theory development and validation, and for selecting a model on which to base managerial and policy decisions. We introduce the cross‐validated predictive ability test (CVPAT) to conduct a pairwise comparison of predictive power of competing models, and substantiate its performance via multiple Monte Carlo studies. We propose a stepwise predictive model comparison procedure to guide researchers, and demonstrate CVPAT's practical utility using the well‐known American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) model.
The functional roles of species in metacommunities, as revealed by metanetwork analyses of bird–plant frugivory networks
Authors: Li Hai‐Dong , Tang Linfang , Jia Chenxi , Holyoak Marcel , Fründ Jochen , Huang Xiaoqun , Xiao Zhishu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how biodiversity and interaction networks change across environmental gradients is a major challenge in ecology. We integrated metacommunity and metanetwork perspectives to test species’ functional roles in bird–plant frugivory interactions in a fragmented forest landscape in Southwest China, with consequences for seed dispersal. Availability of fruit resources both on and under trees created vertical feeding stratification for frugivorous birds. Bird–plant interactions involving birds feeding only on‐the‐tree or both on and under‐the‐tree (shared) had a higher centrality and contributed more to metanetwork organisation than interactions involving birds feeding only under‐the‐tree. Moreover, bird–plant interactions associated with large‐seeded plants disproportionately contributed to metanetwork organisation and centrality. Consequently, on‐the‐tree and shared birds contributed more to metanetwork organisation whereas under‐the‐tree birds were more involved in local processes. We would expect that species’ roles in the metanetwork will translate into different conservation values for maintaining functioning of seed‐dispersal networks.
Food web transfer of plastics to an apex riverine predator
Authors: D’Souza Joseph M. , Windsor Fredric M. , Santillo David , Ormerod Stephen J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a rapidly accelerating expression of global change, plastics now occur extensively in freshwater ecosystems, yet there is barely any evidence of their transfer through food webs. Following previous observations that plastics occur widely in their prey, we used a field study of free‐living Eurasian dippers (Cinclus cinclus), to test the hypotheses that (1) plastics are transferred from prey to predators in rivers, (2) plastics contained in prey are transferred by adults to altricial offspring during provisioning and (3) plastic concentrations in faecal and regurgitated pellets from dippers increase with urbanization. Plastic occurred in 50% of regurgitates (n = 74) and 45% of faecal samples (n = 92) collected non‐invasively from adult and nestling dippers at 15 sites across South Wales (UK). Over 95% of particles were fibres, and concentrations in samples increased with urban land cover. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified multiple polymers, including polyester, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride copolymers. Although characterized by uncertainty, steady‐state models using energetic data along with plastic concentration in prey and excreta suggest that around 200 plastic particles are ingested daily by dippers, but also excreted at rates that suggest transitory throughput. As some of the first evidence revealing that plastic is now being transferred through freshwater food webs, and between adult passerines and their offspring, these data emphasize the need to appraise the potential ecotoxicological consequences of increasing plastic pollution.
Nanoscale Isotopic Dating of Monazite
Authors: Fougerouse Denis , Kirkland Christopher L. , Saxey David W. , Seydoux‐Guillaume Anne‐Magali , Rowles Matthew R. , Rickard William D. A. , Reddy Steven M. 
Published: May 2020

Monazite U‐Th‐Pb geochronology is widely used for dating geological processes, but current analytical techniques are limited to grains greater than 5 μm in diameter. This limitation precludes the analysis of both micrometre‐scale discrete monazite grains and fine textures within monazite crystals that are commonly found in geological specimens. Here, we analyse reference materials by atom probe tomography and develop a protocol for 208Pb/232Th dating of nanoscale domains of monazite (0.0007 μm3 analytical volume). The results indicate that the 208Pb2+/232ThO2+ ratios are higher than the true values. Such fractionation can be corrected using a linear regression between 208Pb2+/232ThO2+ and the M/ΔM10 peak shape parameter, where M is the position of the peak and ΔM10 the full‐width‐at‐tenth‐maximum for the same peak. This correction results in 15–20% analytical uncertainty on the corrected 208Pb/232Th age. Nonetheless, this approach opens the possibility of obtaining 208Pb/232Th ages with sufficient precision to address geological questions on an unprecedented small scale. To illustrate the approach, atom probe geochronology of a small monazite grain from the contact aureole of the Fanad pluton (Ireland) yielded a 208Pb/232Th atom probe age of 420 ± 60 Ma (2s) and is consistent with the known metamorphism in the region.
Refinement of dynamic equilibrium using small random perturbations
Authors: Araujo Aloisio , Maldonado Wilfredo L. , Pinheiro Diogo , Pinto Alberto A. , Choubdar Soltanahmadi Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose a refinement process of dynamic equilibria based on small random perturbations (SRPs) of the backward perfect foresight (bpf) equilibrium map in a class of one‐step, forward‐looking dynamic models. An equilibrium is selected if its stationary measure is the limit of the stationary measures associated with the processes generated by the SRPs of the bpf maps, as the perturbation size approaches 0. We show that, for full measure sets of parameter values of a large class of one‐parameter families of unimodal bpf maps, only determinate cycles or the chaotic sunspot equilibrium defined by Araujo and Maldonado (2000) is selected. Two examples are provided illustrating such refinement process.
Colour change with longitudinal compression supports hypothesis of multilayer interference as cause for meat iridescence
Authors: Ruedt Chiara , Gibis Monika , Barbut Shai , Weiss Jochen 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe mechanism of iridescence in meat and meat products is still not fully understood but a widely accepted hypothesis is that it originates from a multilayer interference from sarcomere discs. In multilayer interference, the reflected wavelength is affected by the refraction angles, the thicknesses and refractive indices of the intermittent layers. A variation of these factors should therefore cause a disappearance or shift of iridescent colours. To test this hypothesis, we progressively compressed iridescent rolled fillets of ham longitudinal to the long axes of the muscle fibres and measured the interference colours by reflection spectrophotometry. We observed an interference colour shift from longer to shorter wavelengths and reflection intensity decreased with increasing compression pressure. Our data indicate that the compression decreased the layer thickness, so that constructive interference occurred at shorter wavelengths. The results thus provide support for multilayer interference being a primary cause and mechanism for meat iridescence.
Dividends and management promotion—Evidence from internal labor market in an emerging economy
Authors: Yang Dan , Cheng Linyin , Wang Guojun , Wang Yuetang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTop management in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) works in a typical internal labor market and seeks political promotion after the tenure. By using a sample of Chinese listed SOEs for 2003–2013, this paper documents that top management in SOEs has motivations to trade‐off its own promotion through increasing dividend payout, and the evidence becomes more significant when SOEs report better financial performance than their industry averages.
Tough, strong, hard, and chemically durable enstatite‐zirconia glass‐ceramic
Authors: Montazerian Maziar , Zanotto Edgar D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStrong glass‐ceramics (GCs) have been envisaged and widely researched for various applications, including large architectural panels, ballistic impact protection, bioactive medical implants, and odontological prostheses. Here, we report on the development and characterization of a novel hard, strong and tough enstatite‐zirconia (MgSiO3‐ZrO2) glass‐ceramic derived from a 51SiO2–35MgO–6Na2O–4ZrO2–4TiO2 (mol%) glass. The best GC was developed by treating glass samples for nucleation at 700°C for 12 hours, followed by crystal growth at 1090°C for 3 minutes. It was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), and contained plate‐like enstatite, zirconia, and Ti‐containing crystals. We investigated the nucleating ability of ZrO2 and TiO2 in inducing internal nucleation. In the early stage of crystallization, enstatite spherulites were observed, which were precipitated by heterogeneous nucleation on previously nucleated ZrO2 nano‐crystals. At more advanced stages, at high temperatures, they transformed into plate‐like crystals. The ball‐on‐three‐balls strength, elastic modulus, and Vickers micro‐hardness of the GC are 323 ± 26 MPa, 146 ± 13 GPa, and 6.9 ± 0.1 GPa (load = 5N), respectively. The indentation (KC), single‐edge notched beam bending (KIC), and crack tip (Ktip) fracture toughness are 2.8 ± 0.6 MP.m0.5, 2.2 ± 0.3 MP.m0.5, 1.9 ± 0.3 MP.m0.5, respectively. The crack propagation profile after a controlled Vickers indentation was quite intricate. The enstatite and zirconia crystals enhanced crack deflection, bridging and branching, hindering crack propagation. According to the ISO 6872 for dental materials, the chemical solubility of our GC is 80 ± 5 μg/cm2. Due to this positive combination of high strength, toughness, hardness, and chemical durability, this new glass‐ceramic is envisioned as a candidate for several applications and could be further developed for memory disc substrates, architectural cladding and tiles, ceramic glazes, and dental materials.
Evaluation of the associations of body height with blood pressure and early‐stage atherosclerosis in Chinese adults
Authors: Qiu Qinqin , Meng Xiangyu , Li Yanjun , Liu Xuekui , Teng Fei , Wang Yu , Zang Xiu , Wang Yun , Liang Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBody height has been recently related to the risk of coronary heart disease and metabolic risk factors. However, data are scarce regarding the relationship between body height and early‐stage atherosclerotic changes, especially in Chinese individuals. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively examine the associations of body height with early‐stage atherosclerosis and blood pressure in Chinese adults. Carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid‐radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV), carotid artery‐dorsalis pedis pulse wave velocity (cdPWV), and body height were measured in 5098 men and women. All samples were obtained from a community‐based health examination survey in central China. After adjusting for sex, age, weight, fasting glucose level, lipid level, creatinine, and heart rate, low body heights were significantly associated with higher cfPWV, crPWV, and blood pressure (all P for trend <.01), whereas no significant association was found between body height and cdPWV. In addition, we found a significant interaction between prehypertension status and body height in relation to cfPWV, after adjusting for covariates (P for interaction = .0024). The associations were stronger in participants with prehypertension than in those with normal blood pressure. Compared to the group with the tallest stature and normal blood pressure, individuals in the group with the shortest stature and prehypertension had nearly a 2.5 m/s higher cfPWV. These results indicate that short body height was associated with an increased risk of early‐stage atherosclerosis in Chinese adults, independent of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors. Prehypertension might modify the association between body height and cfPWV.
Epidermal growth factor regulates the development of stem and progenitor Leydig cells in rats
Authors: Li Xiaoheng , Wang Yiyan , Zhu Qiqi , Yuan Kaiming , Su Zhijian , Ge Fei , Ge Ren‐Shan , Huang Yadong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) has many physiological roles. However, its effects on stem and progenitor Leydig cell development remain unclear. Rat stem and progenitor Leydig cells were cultured with different concentrations of EGF alone or in combination with EGF antagonist, erlotinib or cetuximab. EGF (1 and 10 ng/mL) stimulated the proliferation of stem Leydig cells on the surface of seminiferous tubules and isolated CD90+ stem Leydig cells and progenitor Leydig cells but it blocked their differentiation. EGF also exerted anti‐apoptotic effects of progenitor Leydig cells. Erlotinib and cetuximab are able to reverse EGF‐mediated action. Gene microarray and qPCR of EGF‐treated progenitor Leydig cells revealed that the down‐regulation of steroidogenesis‐related proteins (Star and Hsd3b1) and antioxidative genes. It was found that EGF acted as a proliferative agent via increasing phosphorylation of AKT1. In conclusion, EGF stimulates the proliferation of rat stem and progenitor Leydig cells but blocks their differentiation.
Down‐regulation of long non‐coding RNA MEG3 promotes Schwann cell proliferation and migration and repairs sciatic nerve injury in rats
Authors: Ma Yongbin , Zhai Dongwang , Zhang Wenzhe , Zhang Huanyan , Dong Liyang , Zhou Yuepeng , Feng Dingqi , Zheng Yu , Wang Ting , Mao Chaoming , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury and regeneration are complex processes and involve multiple molecular and signalling components. However, the involvement of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) in this process is not fully clarified. In this study, we evaluated the expression of the lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in rats after sciatic nerve transection and explored its potential mechanisms. The expression of lncRNA MEG3 was up‐regulated following sciatic nerve injury and observed in Schwann cells (SCs). The down‐regulation of lncRNA MEG3 in SCs enhanced the proliferation and migration of SCs via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. The silencing of lncRNA MEG3 promoted the migration of SCs and axon outgrowth in rats after sciatic nerve transection and facilitated rat nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Our findings indicated that lncRNA MEG3 may be involved in nerve injury and injured nerve regeneration in rats with sciatic nerve defects by regulating the proliferation and migration of SCs. This gene may provide a potential therapeutic target for improving peripheral nerve injury.
Retracted: Lestaurtinib potentiates TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in glioma via CHOP‐dependent DR5 induction
Authors: Cao Yingxiao , Kong Shiqi , Xin Yuling , Meng Yan , Shang Shuling , Qi Yanhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLestaurtinib, also called CEP‐701, is an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, causes haematological remission in patients with AML possessing FLT3‐ITD (FLT3 gene) internal tandem duplication and strongly inhibits tyrosine kinase FLT3. Treatment with lestaurtinib modulates various signalling pathways and leads to cell growth arrest and programmed cell death in several tumour types. However, the effect of lestaurtinib on glioma remains unclear. In this study, we examined lestaurtinib and TRAIL interactions in glioma cells and observed their synergistic activity on glioma cell apoptosis. While U87 and U251 cells showed resistance to TRAIL single treatment, they were sensitized to apoptosis induced by TRAIL in the presence of lestaurtinib because of increased death receptor 5 (DR5) levels through CHOP‐dependent manner. We also demonstrated using a xenograft model of mouse that the tumour growth was absolutely suppressed because of the combined treatment compared to TRAIL or lestaurtinib treatment carried out singly. Our findings reveal a potential new strategy to improve antitumour activity induced by TRAIL in glioma cells using lestaurtinib through a mechanism dependent on CHOP.
What do warming waters mean for fish physiology and fisheries?
Authors: Little Alexander G. , Loughland Isabella , Seebacher Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental signals act primarily on physiological systems, which then influence higher‐level functions such as movement patterns and population dynamics. Increases in average temperature and temperature variability associated with global climate change are likely to have strong effects on fish physiology and thereby on populations and fisheries. Here we review the principal mechanisms that transduce temperature signals and the physiological responses to those signals in fish. Temperature has a direct, thermodynamic effect on biochemical reaction rates. Nonetheless, plastic responses to longer‐term thermal signals mean that fishes can modulate their acute thermal responses to compensate at least partially for thermodynamic effects. Energetics are particularly relevant for growth and movement, and therefore for fisheries, and temperature can have pronounced effects on energy metabolism. All energy (ATP) production is ultimately linked to mitochondria, and temperature has pronounced effects on mitochondrial efficiency and maximal capacities. Mitochondria are dependent on oxygen as the ultimate electron acceptor so that cardiovascular function and oxygen delivery link environmental inputs with energy metabolism. Growth efficiency, that is the conversion of food into tissue, changes with temperature, and there are indications that warmer water leads to decreased conversion efficiencies. Moreover, movement and migration of fish relies on muscle function, which is partially dependent on ATP production but also on intracellular calcium cycling within the myocyte. Neuroendocrine processes link environmental signals to regulated responses at the level of different tissues, including muscle. These physiological processes within individuals can scale up to population responses to climate change. A mechanistic understanding of thermal responses is essential to predict the vulnerability of species and populations to climate change.
Correction of temporal wasting using calcium hydroxylapatite with integral lidocaine: An underused procedure for enhancing overall facial appearance
Authors: Barbarino Sheila C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHollowing of the temple area is an early sign of aging that is often overlooked, but when corrected, can lead to significant subject and physician satisfaction.AimsTo assess physician and subject awareness of the impact of temporal hollowing on appearance and to evaluate treatment satisfaction following injection of calcium hydroxylapatite with integral lidocaine (CaHA(+)).Patients/MethodsSubjects with temporal depression grade ≥2 on a validated Temple Hollowing Scale were recruited. CaHA(+) was injected supraperiosteally using a bolus technique. Photographs were taken prior to treatment and 30 days, and graded by three evaluating physicians using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and Temple Hollowing Scale. The same physicians estimated subjects' age before and after treatment. Photographs were graded by patients as part of a satisfaction questionnaire.ResultsThe study enrolled 10 subjects aged 32‐68 years old. Physician GAIS scores of subject appearance at 1 month were rated as “very much improved” in 80% and “much improved” in 20% of subjects. Temple hollows were graded as 1 after treatment in 90% of subjects. Following blinded review of patients' true ages, estimates for subjects' perceived age were on average 4 years younger than their actual age. Most subjects had not been aware of temple hollowing prior to treatment, but nine out of 10 were very to extremely satisfied with results, and all were willing to repeat treatment. No treatment complications were observed.ConclusionTreatment of the temple area can have a dramatic aesthetic effect and should not be neglected when addressing facial rejuvenation. CaHA(+) is an effective and well‐tolerated product for use in the temple area and is associated with a high degree of subject and physician satisfaction.