bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of warm fresh whole blood transfusion in the austere setting: A civilian trauma experience
Authors: Katsura Morihiro , Matsushima Kazuhide , Kitamura Ryoichi , Kawasaki Kyohei , Takaesu Rei , Fukuma Shingo , Ie Masafumi , Murakami Takahiro , Asakura Yoshitaka , Uehara Masato , Mototake Hidemitsu 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND
Hemostatic resuscitation strategy using blood components with a balanced ratio is adopted in the civilian trauma setting. However, there is usually limited availability of blood components in the austere setting. Warm fresh whole blood (WFWB) has been used for trauma patients with life-threatening hemorrhage necessitating massive transfusions in the Okinawa Islands, Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of WFWB use in the austere civilian trauma setting.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study between January 1999 and June 2019, including trauma patients who received WFWB within 24 hours of admission. Immediately after WFWB was collected from blood donors, the sample was typed and screened for transmissible infectious diseases. Approximately half of the study population received irradiated WFWB to prevent graft versus host disease. We evaluated the incidence of transfusion-associated adverse events. Transfusion requirements and patient outcomes were compared between early and late WFWB use.

RESULTS
A total of 28 patients from three civilian institutions were eligible. Of those, 93% sustained blunt trauma. The median Injury Severity Score was 37 (interquartile range, 32–49). All patients required operative hemostatic intervention, and half of the patients required both operative and endovascular hemostatic interventions. Patients received a median of 1,800 mL WFWB transfusions from seven volunteer blood donors. None of our subjects developed hemolytic reactions, transmissible infectious diseases, or graft versus host disease. Early WFWB use (within 4 hours of admission) was associated with a significant reduction in platelet transfusion requirement compared with the late WFWB group in univariate analysis (16 units vs. 47 units, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION
Warm fresh whole blood use is safe and feasible in an austere civilian trauma setting. Prospective studies with larger cohorts are necessary to determine whether early WFWB use will affect patient outcomes, transfusion requirement, and treatment cost.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, Level IV.
The Current COVID-19 Spread Pattern in India
Authors: Baruah Hemanta K. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn this article, we are going to show how to find out short term forecasts of the total number of COVID-19 cases in India in an easy way. Initially the spread of the disease was observably slow in India. Since the first week of May a highly nonlinear pattern has started to take shape. It can be observed that currently in India the spread pattern is nearly exponential. It can be seen further that the number of cases is still continuing to grow very fast. Therefore, instead of going for rigorous time series analysis, we may opt for looking at the data from a recent date downwards, and short term forecasts based on simple numerical analytical methods can be made accordingly.
Sub-weekly cycle uncovers the hidden link of atmospheric pollution to Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Rodó X , Navarro-Gallinad A , Kojima T , Ballester J , Borràs S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic pollution has frequently been linked to myriad human ailments despite clear mechanistic links are yet lacking, a fact that severely downgraded its actual relevance. Now a prominent unnoticed sub-weekly cycle (SWC) of 3.5 days is uncovered in the long-term epidemiological records of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Japan, a mysterious vasculitis of yet unknown origin. After ruling out the effect of reporting biases, the analysis of Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) atmospheric profiles further confirms that this variability is linked to atmospheric particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 1 µm. SWC accounts for 20% of the variance in KD and its contribution is stable throughout the entire epidemiological record dating back to 1970, both at the prefecture level and for entire Japan. KD maxima in 2010-2016 always occur in full synchrony with LIDAR particle arrival in diverse locations such as Tokyo, Toyama and Tsukuba as well as for the entire of Japan. Rapid intrusion of aerosols from heights up to 6km to the surface is observed with KD admissions co-varying with their metal chemical composition. While regional intensity of winds has not changed in the interval 1979-2015, our study instead points for the first time to increased anthropogenic pollution as a necessary co-factor in the occurrence of KD and sets the field to associate other similar human vasculitis.
Post-capillary venules is the locus for transcytosis of therapeutic nanoparticles to the brain
Authors: Kucharz Krzysztof , Kristensen Kasper , Johnsen Kasper Bendix , Lund Mette Aagaard , Lønstrup Micael , Moos Torben , Andresen Thomas Lars , Lauritzen Martin Johannes 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYTreatments of neurodegenerative diseases require biologic drugs to be actively transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To answer outstanding questions regarding transport mechanisms, we determined how and where transcytosis occurs at the BBB. Using two-photon microscopy, we characterized the transport of therapeutic nanoparticles at all steps of delivery to the brain and at the nanoscale resolutionin vivo. Transferrin receptor-targeted nanoparticles were taken up by endothelium at capillaries and venules, but not at arterioles. The nanoparticles moved unobstructed within endothelial cells, but transcytosis across the BBB occurred only at post-capillary venules, where endothelial and glial basement membranes form a perivascular space that can accommodate biologics. In comparison, transcytosis was absent in capillaries with closely apposed basement membranes. Thus, post-capillary venules, not capillaries, provide an entry point for transport of large molecules across the BBB, and targeting therapeutic agents to this locus may be an effective way for treating brain disorders.HIGHLIGHTSIntegration of drug carrier nanotechnology with two-photon microscopyin vivoReal-time nanoscale-resolution imaging of nanoparticle transcytosis to the brainDistinct trafficking pattern in the endothelium of cerebral venules and capillariesVenules, not capillaries, is the locus for brain uptake of therapeutic nanoparticles
Cocaine-Induced Impulsivity is Differentially Expressed in Male and Female Mice Exposed to Maternal Separation and is Associated with Alterations in AMPA Receptors Subunits
Authors: Castro-Zavala Adriana , Martin-Sanchez Ana , Montalvo-Martínez Larisa , Camacho-Morales Alberto , Valverde Olga 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTImpulsivity is a key trait in the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD). MDD is a chronic illness characterized by sadness, insomnia, and loss of interest. SUD is a chronic and relapsing disorder characterized by the consumption of drugs despite their negative consequences. Among drugs of abuse, cocaine is the most consumed psychostimulant. Animal studies demonstrated that increased impulsivity predicts predisposition to acquire cocaine self-administration (SA) behaviour with an increased cocaine-intake. Moreover, early-life stress represents a vulnerability factor to develop depressive disorders and drug addiction. Maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) is an animal model that allows examining the impact of early-life stress on cocaine abuse. In this study, we aimed to explore changes in MSEW-induced impulsivity to determine potential associations between depression-like and cocaine-seeking behaviours in male and female mice. We also evaluated possible alterations in the AMPA receptors (AMPArs) composition and glutamatergic neurotransmission. We exposed mice to MSEW and the behavioural tests were performed during adulthood. Moreover, GluA1, GluA2 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated in the medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC). Results showed higher impulsive cocaine-seeking in females, independently the MSEW, as well as an increase in GluA1 and GluA2 protein expression. Moreover, MSEW induced downregulation of Gria2 and increased the GluA1/GluA2 ratio, only in male mice. In conclusion, female mice expressed higher mPFC glutamatergic function, which potentiated their impulsivity during cocaine SA. Also, data indicated that MSEW alters glutamatergic function in mPFC of male mice, increasing the glutamatergic excitability.
Lentiviral interleukin-10 gene therapy preserves fine motor circuitry and function after a cervical spinal cord injury in male and female mice
Authors: Chen Jessica Y , Fu Emily J , Patel Paras R , Sawan Hasan A , Moss Kayla A , Hostetler Alexander J , Hocevar Sarah E , Anderson Aileen J , Chestek Cynthia A , Shea Lonnie D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn mammals, spinal cord injuries often result in muscle paralysis through the apoptosis of lower motor neurons and denervation of neuromuscular junctions. Previous research shows that the inflammatory response to a spinal cord injury can cause additional tissue damage after the initial trauma. To modulate this inflammatory response, we delivered lentiviral anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, via loading onto an implantable biomaterial scaffold, into a left-sided hemisection at the C5 vertebra in mice. We hypothesized that improved behavioral outcomes associated with anti-inflammatory treatment are due to the sparing of fine motor circuit components. We examined behavioral recovery using a ladder beam, lower motor neuron apoptosis and muscle innervation using histology, and electromyogram recordings using intraspinal optogenetic stimulation at 2 weeks post-injury. Ladder beam analysis shows interleukin-10 treatment results in significant improvement of behavioral recovery at 2 and 12 weeks post-injury when compared to mice treated with a control virus. Histology shows interleukin-10 results in greater numbers of lower motor neurons and muscle innervation at 2 weeks post-injury. Furthermore, electromyogram recordings suggest that interleukin-10-treated animals have signal-to-noise ratios and peak-to-peak amplitudes more similar to that of uninjured controls than to that of control injured animals at 2 weeks post-injury. These data show that gene therapy using anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 can significantly reduce lower motor neuron loss, muscle denervation, and subsequent motor deficits after a spinal cord injury. Together, these results suggest that early modulation of the injury response can preserve muscle function with long-lasting benefits.
C3: Connect separate Connected Components to form a succinct disease module
Authors: Wang Bingbo , Hu Jie , Zhang Chenxing , Zhou Yuanjun , Yu Liang , Guo Xingli , Gao Lin , Chen Yunru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccurate disease module is helpful in understanding the molecular mechanism of disease causation and identifying drug target. However, for the fragmentization of disease module in incomplete human interactome, how to determine connectivity pattern and detect a full neighbourhood of disease is an open problem. In this paper, a topology-based method is developed to dissect the connectivity of intermediate nodes and edges and form a succinct disease module. By applying this Connect separate Connected Components (CCC, C3) method on a large corpus of curated diseases, we find that most Separate Connected Components (SCCs) formed by Disease-Associated Proteins (DAPs) can be connected into a well-connected component as a succinct observable module. This pattern also holds for altered genes from multi-omics data such as The Cancer Genome Atlas. Overall, C3 tool can not only inspire a deeper understanding of interconnectedness of phenotypically related genes and different omics data, but also be used to detect a well-defined neighbourhood that drives complex pathological processes.
Tocilizumab as a Therapeutic Agent for Critically Ill Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Petrak Russell M. , Skorodin Nathan C. , Van Hise Nicholas W. , Fliegelman Robert M. , Pinsky Jonathan , Didwania Vishal , Anderson Michael , Diaz Melina , Shah Kairav , Chundi Vishnu V. , Hines David W. , Harting Brian P. , Sidwha Kamo , Yu Brian , Brune Paul , Owaisi Anjum , Beezhold David , Kent Joseph , Vais Dana , Han Alice , Gowda Neethi , Sahgal Nishi , Silverman Jan , Stake Jonathan , Nepomuceno Jenie , Heddurshetti Renuka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor antagonist with the ability to suppress the cytokine storm in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.MethodsWe evaluated patients treated with tocilizumab for a SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted between 3/13/20 and 4/16/20. This was a multi-center study with data collected by chart review both retrospectively and concurrently. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, race, use of mechanical ventilation (MV), usage of steroids and vasopressors, inflammatory markers, and comorbidities. Early dosing was defined as a tocilizumab dose administered prior to or within one (1) day of intubation. Late dosing was defined as a dose administered greater than one (1) day after intubation. In the absence of mechanical ventilation, the timing of the dose was related to the patient’s date of admission only.ResultsWe evaluated 145 patients. The average age was 58.1 years, 64% were male, 68.3% had comorbidities, and 60% received steroid therapy. Disposition of patients was 48.3% discharged and 29.3% expired, of which 43.9% were African American. Mechanical ventilation was required in 55.9%, of which 34.5% expired. Avoidance of MV (p value = 0.002) and increased survival (p value < 0.001) was statistically associated with early dosing.ConclusionsTocilizumab therapy was effective at decreasing mortality and should be instituted early in the management of critically ill COVID-19 patients.SummaryUtilizing tocilizumab early in the treatment course of critically ill patients with COVID-19 resulted in significant decreases in mortality and the avoidance of mechanical ventilation.
The Role of Vitamin D in the Age of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ghasemian Roya , Shamshirian Amir , Heydari Keyvan , Malekan Mohammad , Alizadeh-Navaei Reza , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Ali , Jafarpour Hamed , Shahmirzadi Arash Rezaei , Khodabandeh Mehrdad , Seyfari Benyamin , Motamedzadeh Alireza , Dadgostar Ehsan , Aalinezhad Marzieh , Sedaghat Meghdad , Razzaghi Nazanin , Zarandi Bahman , Asadi Anahita , Naei Vahid Yaghoubi , Beheshti Reza , Hessami Amirhossein , Azizi Soheil , Mohseni Ali Reza , Shamshirian Danial 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence recommends that vitamin D might be a crucial supportive agent for the immune system, mainly in cytokine response regulation against COVID-19. Hence, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to maximize the use of everything that exists about the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to December 18, 2020. Studies focused on the role of vitamin D in confirmed COVID-19 patients were entered into the systematic review.ResultsTwenty-three studies containing 11901participants entered into the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that 41% of COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 29%-55%), and in 42% of patients, levels of vitamin D were insufficient (95% CI, 24%-63%). The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 20.3 ng/mL among all COVID-19 patients (95% CI, 12.1-19.8). The odds of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 is 3.3 times higher among individuals with vitamin D deficiency (95% CI, 2.5-4.3). The chance of developing severe COVID-19 is about five times higher in patients with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 5.1, 95% CI, 2.6-10.3). There is no significant association between vitamin D status and higher mortality rates (OR: 1.6, 95% CI, 0.5-4.4).ConclusionThis study found that most of the COVID-19 patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Also, there is about three times higher chance of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2 among vitamin D deficient individuals and about 5 times higher probability of developing the severe disease in vitamin D deficient patients. Vitamin D deficiency showed no significant association with mortality rates in this population.
Task-dependent mixed selectivity in the subiculum
Authors: Ledergerber Debora , Battistin Claudia , Blackstad Jan Sigurd , Gardner Richard J. , Witter Menno P. , Moser May-Britt , Roudi Yasser , Moser Edvard I. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCA1 and subiculum (SUB) connect the hippocampus to numerous output regions. Cells in both areas have place-specific firing fields, although they are more dispersed in SUB. Weak responses to head direction and running speed have been reported in both regions. However, how such information is encoded in CA1 and SUB, and the resulting impact on downstream targets, is poorly understood. Here we estimate the tuning of simultaneously recorded CA1 and SUB cells to position, head direction, and speed. Individual neurons respond conjunctively to these covariates in both regions but the degree of mixed representation is stronger in SUB, and more so during goal-directed spatial navigation than free foraging. Each navigational variable could be decoded with higher precision, from a similar number of neurons, in SUB than CA1. The findings point to a possible contribution of mixed-selective coding in SUB to efficient transmission of hippocampal representations to widespread brain regions.
A new pipeline to automatically segment and semi-automatically measure bone length on 3D models obtained by Computed Tomography
Authors: Diaz Santiago Beltran , Qu Xinli , Doube Michael , H’ng Chee Ho , Nguyen John Tan , de Veer Michael , Panagiotopoulou Olga , Rosello-Diez Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe characterization of developmental phenotypes often relies on the accurate linear measurement of structures that are small and require laborious preparation. This is tedious and prone to errors, especially when repeated for the multiple replicates that are required for statistical analysis, or when multiple distinct structures have to be analysed. To address this issue, we have developed a pipeline for characterization of long-bone length and inter-vertebral distance using X-ray microtomography (XMT) scans. The pipeline involves semi-automated algorithms for automatic thresholding and fast interactive isolation and 3D-model generation of the main limb bones, using either the open-source ImageJ plugin BoneJ or the commercial Mimics Innovation Suite package. The tests showed the appropriate combination of scanning conditions and analysis parameters yields fast and comparable length results, highly correlated with the measurements obtained viaex vivoskeletal preparations. Moreover, since XMT is not destructive, the samples can be used afterwards for histology or other applications. Our new pipelines will help developmental biologists and evolutionary researchers to achieve fast, reproducible and non-destructive length measurement of bone samples from multiple animal species.Summary statementBeltran Diaz et al. present a semi-automated pipeline for fast and versatile characterization of bone length from micro-CT images of mouse developmental samples.
Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Deep-UV LED irradiation
Authors: Inagaki Hiroko , Saito Akatsuki , Sugiyama Hironobu , Okabayashi Tamaki , Fujimoto Shouichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections worldwide has raised concerns about the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Devices that rapidly inactivate viruses can reduce the chance of infection through aerosols and contact transmission. Thisin vitrostudy demonstrated that irradiation with a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) of 280 ±5 nm wavelength rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a COVID-19 patient. Development of devices equipped with DUV-LED is expected to prevent virus invasion through the air and after touching contaminated objects.
Hawkes process modeling of COVID-19 with mobility leading indicators and spatial covariates
Authors: Chiang Wen-Hao , Liu Xueying , Mohler George 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHawkes processes are used in machine learning for event clustering and causal inference, while they also can be viewed as stochastic versions of popular compartmental models used in epidemiology. Here we show how to develop accurate models of COVID-19 transmission using Hawkes processes with spatial-temporal covariates. We model the conditional intensity of new COVID-19 cases and deaths in the U.S. at the county level, estimating the dynamic reproduction number of the virus within an EM algorithm through a regression on Google mobility indices and demographic covariates in the maximization step. We validate the approach on short-term forecasting tasks, showing that the Hawkes process outperforms several benchmark models currently used to track the pandemic, including an ensemble approach and a SEIR-variant. We also investigate which covariates and mobility indices are most important for building forecasts of COVID-19 in the U.S.
A Machine Learning Explanation of Incidence Inequalities of SARS-CoV-2 Across 88 Days in 157 Countries
Authors: Luellen Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBecause the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic viral outbreaks will likely continue until effective vaccines are widely administered, (1) new capabilities to accurately predict incidence rates by location and time to know in advance the disease burden and specific needs for any given population are valuable to minimize morbidity and mortality. In this study, a random forest of 9,250 regression trees was applied to 6,941 observations of 13 statistically significant predictor variables targeting SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates per 100,000 across 88 days in 157 countries. One key finding is an algorithm that can predict the incidence rate per day of a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic cycle with a pseudo-R2 accuracy of 98.5% and explain 97.4% of the variances. Another key finding is the relative importance of 13 demographic, economic, environmental, and public health modulators to the SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate. Four factors proposed in earlier research as potential modulators have no statistically significant relationship with incidence rates (2)(3). These findings give leaders new capabilities for improved capacity planning and targeting stay-at-home interventions and prioritizing programming by knowing the atypical social determinants that are the root causes of SARS-CoV-2 incidence variance. This work also proves that machine learning can accurately and quickly explain disease dynamics for zoonoses with pandemic potential.