bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Valgus Cut Angle—during Total Knee Arthroplasty—in Indian Population
Authors: Marya Sanjiv , Singh Chandeep , Kacker Shitij , Velayutham Sarthy , Desai Rahul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number of total knee arthroplasties performed in India and the world is increasing exponentially. The valgus cut angle (VCA) of the distal femur decides the final alignment achieved in the coronal plane. Little data are available regarding the ideal value for an Indian population and there is little consensus whether to use a single value for all knees or to individualize the angle for each patient. The parameters that can influence the value of this angle have not been evaluated thoroughly.Standard long leg X-ray (orthoscanogram) was used to calculate the VCA in 302 lower limbs (160 patients). Only Indian patients were included in the study; knees with bowed femurs were excluded. VCA, femoral length, medial hip offset, neck shaft angle, and hip knee ankle angle were measured manually. Demographic data such as gender, height, and weight were extracted from hospital charts. The correlation of VCA with the various parameters was evaluated using Pearson's correlation and its significance assessed using the independent Student's ‘t’ test.The average VCA was 7.4 degrees (range: 4–11 degrees). Age, gender, height, hip knee ankle angle (alignment) and body mass index (BMI) had no influence on the VCA. The neck shaft angle (r = –0.520, p = < 0.0001) and hip medial offset (r = 0.223, p = < 0.0001) were the only two parameters significantly and independently influencing the value of VCA. There is a wide variation in the value of VCA in the Indian population. Choosing a fixed VCA will lead to significant number of knees aligned outside the ideal 0- to 3-degree hip knee ankle angle. The neck shaft angle and the medial hip offset are the only two factors that influence the VCA. The patients' height, preoperative deformity, gender, and BMI had no influence on the VCA.
Transcriptional profiling identifies an androgen receptor activity-low, stemness program associated with enzalutamide resistance
Authors: Alumkal Joshi J. , Sun Duanchen , Lu Eric , Beer Tomasz M. , Thomas George V. , Latour Emile , Aggarwal Rahul , Cetnar Jeremy , Ryan Charles J. , Tabatabaei Shaadi , Bailey Shawna , Turina Claire B. , Quigley David A. , Guan Xiangnan , Foye Adam , Youngren Jack F. , Urrutia Joshua , Huang Jiaoti , Weinstein Alana S. , Friedl Verena , Rettig Matthew , Reiter Robert E. , Spratt Daniel E. , Gleave Martin , Evans Christopher P. , Stuart Joshua M. , Chen Yiyi , Feng Felix Y. , Small Eric J. , Witte Owen N. , Xia Zheng 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceThe androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide is one of the principal treatments for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, not all patients respond, and de novo resistance mechanisms are largely unknown. To clarify mechanisms that contribute to enzalutamide resistance, we conducted a single-arm enzalutamide clinical trial. Metastatic tissue biopsies were required prior to study entry so we could attempt to identify molecular features associated with de novo resistance. Transcriptional profiling identified specific gene sets—including those linked to reduced AR transcriptional activity and a stemness program—that were activated in nonresponders. Our results suggest that patients whose tumors harbor this program should be considered for clinical trials testing rational agents to overcome de novo enzalutamide resistance.
Analysis of RAS protein interactions in living cells reveals a mechanism for pan-RAS depletion by membrane-targeted RAS binders
Authors: Li Yao-Cheng , Lytle Nikki K. , Gammon Seth T. , Wang Luke , Hayes Tikvah K. , Sutton Margie N. , Bast Robert C. , Der Channing J. , Piwnica-Worms David , McCormick Frank , Wahl Geoffrey M. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
RAS proteins, critical regulators of cell growth and differentiation, are the most frequently mutated oncogenes in humans. RAS functions as dimers/coclusters on cell membranes. We developed an improved split luciferase complementation assay coupled to a powerful genetic system to show that colocalization within the same membrane domain enables formation of RAS dimers/coclusters with itself and other membrane-associated proteins. Membrane association-facilitated interactions (MAFIs) are not sufficient for RBD-mediated Ras inhibition, which additionally requires high-affinity domain-mediated interactions. Notably, we show that MAFI augments the impact of domain-mediated interactions to elicit autophagy/lysosome-mediated elimination of nonfunctional RAS complexes. This broadly applicable strategy enables discovery of low-affinity protein interactions mediated by membrane tethering and analysis of their impact on biologic function.
Origin of transparency in scattering biomimetic collagen materials
Authors: Salameh Chrystelle , Salviat Flore , Bessot Elora , Lama Miléna , Chassot Jean-Marie , Moulongui Elodie , Wang Yan , Robin Marc , Bardouil Arnaud , Selmane Mohamed , Artzner Franck , Marcellan Alba , Sanchez Clément , Giraud-Guille Marie-Madeleine , Faustini Marco , Carminati Rémi , Nassif Nadine 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Disordered materials with heterogeneities at scales ranging from nano- to micrometers usually scatter visible light and become opaque beyond a certain thickness. However, transparent materials are found in nature. The physical origin of transparency in natural and artificial biopolymer materials is still not fully understood. Here, a gap of transparency is found in synthetic fibrillar collagen matrices within a very narrow range of concentration. The transparency results from structural partial order inhibiting light scattering, while preserving mechanical stability, stiffness, and nonlinearity. The potential to produce biomimetic hydrogels with such striking optical properties by self-assembly opens an interesting route in the study of photonic materials and provides new elements in the understanding of the appearance of transparency in natural materials.
Light-controlled twister ribozyme with single-molecule detection resolves RNA function in time and space
Authors: Korman Arthur , Sun Huabing , Hua Boyang , Yang Haozhe , Capilato Joseph N. , Paul Rakesh , Panja Subrata , Ha Taekjip , Greenberg Marc M. , Woodson Sarah A. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Small ribozymes are widespread in nature and have been engineered for artificial gene control in biotechnology and therapeutic applications. To understand how these simple RNA motifs work, we designed and synthesized a chemically protected “photocaged” nucleotide that blocks ribozyme folding until the block is removed with a short (≤0.03 s) pulse with a blue laser. We combined this tool with a microscope capable of observing single RNA molecules and showed that photocaged ribozymes can be turned on with light more precisely and more quickly than was previously possible. This tool for controlling RNA with light allows the ribozyme reaction pathway to be observed in real time and can be applied to other RNA-based systems for gene control.
Combined loss of function of two different loci of miR-15/16 drives the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lovat Francesca , Nigita Giovanni , Distefano Rosario , Nakamura Tatsuya , Gasparini Pierluigi , Tomasello Luisa , Fadda Paolo , Ibrahimova Narmin , Catricalà Silvia , Palamarchuk Alexey , Caligiuri Michael A. , Gallì Anna , Malcovati Luca , Minden Mark D. , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
The loss of miR-15a/16-1 on chromosome 13q14 and miR-15b/16-2 on chromosome 3q25 is critical for the development of AML in mice. We hypothesized that, at least, a fraction of human AML patients could undergo a comparable mechanism. Here, we evaluated the expression of the two miR-15/16 clusters in 93 MDS patients and 139 AML patients. A significant reduction of miR-15a, miR-15b, and miR-16 expression can predict the progression from MDS to AML transformation. We demonstrated in 40% of AML cell lines analyzed, a combined reduction of miR-15a/-15b expression and an overexpression of their direct/indirect targets. MiR-15/16 cluster expression can be a valuable marker to stratify AML patients for a combined therapy, based on venetoclax and anti-ROR1 antibody.
Nanovesicles displaying functional linear and branched oligomannose self-assembled from sequence-defined Janus glycodendrimers
Authors: Xiao Qi , Delbianco Martina , Sherman Samuel E. , Reveron Perez Aracelee M. , Bharate Priya , Pardo-Vargas Alonso , Rodriguez-Emmenegger Cesar , Kostina Nina Yu , Rahimi Khosrow , Söder Dominik , Möller Martin , Klein Michael L. , Seeberger Peter H. , Percec Virgil 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Synthetic macromolecules that mimic glycolipids, named Janus glycodendrimers (JGDs), have been shown to self-assemble into nanoscale vesicles displaying glycans on their outer surface, similar to the glycocalyx coating of eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and viruses. Specifically, both linear and branched oligosaccharides synthesized by automated glycan assembly, with hydrophobic linkers, have been used to create JGDs via an isothiocyanate–amine coupling reaction. Surprisingly, in spite of the hydrophobic linker, these JGDs self-organize into nanovesicles exhibiting lamellar surface morphologies, which mimic the recognition structures of cell-surface glycans and viral glycoproteins. Therefore, they are likely to be useful in helping elucidate mechanisms of significance for translational medicine such as the camouflage functionality employed by viruses to evade recognition.
Development of a long-acting direct-acting antiviral system for hepatitis C virus treatment in swine
Authors: Verma Malvika , Chu Jacqueline N. , Salama John A. F. , Faiz Mohammed T. , Eweje Feyisope , Gwynne Declan , Lopes Aaron , Hess Kaitlyn , Soares Vance , Steiger Christoph , McManus Rebecca , Koeppen Ryan , Hua Tiffany , Hayward Alison , Collins Joy , Tamang Siddartha M. , Ishida Keiko , Miller Jonathan B. , Katz Stephanie , Slocum Alexander H. , Sulkowski Mark S. , Thomas David L. , Langer Robert , Traverso Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is highly effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Despite this, the burden of chronic HCV remains high, particularly in populations for whom daily medications can be challenging. The generation of long-acting modes of DAA delivery could thus expand HCV treatment. We have developed a long-acting DAA system (LA-DAAS) that can support multigram-level drug depots of HCV DAAs and provide controlled release of those drugs over the course of weeks. We demonstrate initial safety and efficacy of the LA-DAAS in a swine model. Expanding the range of delivery options of DAAs to patients and healthcare providers will further efforts toward global elimination of HCV infection.
Kinetochore protein Spindly controls microtubule polarity in
Drosophila
axons
Authors: del Castillo Urko , Müller Hans-Arno J. , Gelfand Vladimir I. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Neurons send and receive electrical signals through long microtubule-filled neurites called axons and dendrites. One of the main structural differences between axons and dendrites is how their microtubules are organized. Axons contain microtubules with their plus-ends out while microtubules in dendrites are organized with mixed or plus-end-in orientation. Dynein, the main minus-end microtubule motor anchored to cortical actin filaments in the axons, is responsible for uniform microtubule polarity in axons. However, it is unknown how dynein is recruited to the actin cortex in axons. The major finding of this work is that Spindly, a protein involved in anchoring dynein to kinetochores during cell division, has a second important function in interphase cells: recruiting dynein to the actin cortex in axons.
What impacts L2 Chinese pragmatic competence in the study abroad context?
Authors: Lang Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews current literature on contributions of the study abroad context to second language (L2) Chinese pragmatics and discusses the future prospects of this rapidly growing research area. By synthesizing sixteen empirical studies on pragmatic competence in L2 Chinese in the study-abroad context, this paper answers one question: What impacts L2 Chinese pragmatic competence in the study abroad (SA) context? The findings show that the SA effect on L2 Chinese pragmatic development is mediated by seven factors including general proficiency, pre-program pragmatic competence, language exposure, intercultural competence, learner agency, linguistic affordance, and learner language and cultural background. Based on the research synthesis, this paper suggests future research directions regarding target pragmatic features, measurements, pragmatic competence in writing, and learner factors mediating study-abroad effect from a dynamic-system perspective.
“Bluebeard” versus black British women’s writing
Authors: Sanchez Alexandra J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHelen Oyeyemi’s 2011novelMr. Foxartfully remasters the “Bluebeard” fairytale and its many variants and rewritings, such asJane EyreandRebecca. It is also the first novel in which Oyeyemi does not overtly address blackness or racial identity. However, the present article argues thatMr. Foxis concerned with the status of all women writers, including women writers of colour. WithMr. Fox, Oyeyemi echoes the assertiveness and inquisitiveness of Bluebeard’s last wife, whose disobedient questioning of Bluebeard’s canonical authority leads her to discover, denounce, and warn other women about his murderous nature. A tale of the deception and manipulation inherent in storytelling,Mr. Foxallows for its narrative foul play to be exposed on the condition that its literary victims turn into detective-readers and decipher the hidden clues left behind by the novel’s criminal-authors. This article puts the love triangle between author St. John Fox, muse Mary, and wife Daphne under investigation by associating reading and writing motifs with detective fiction. Oyeyemi’sménage à troiscan thus be exposed as an anthropomorphic metaphor for the power struggle between the patriarchal literary canon, established feminist literature, and up-and-coming (black British) women writers, incarnated respectively by Mr. Fox, Mary Foxe, and Daphne Fox.
Dr(e)amatic encounters
Authors: Saei Dibavar Sara , Abbasi Pyeaam , Pirnajmuddin Hossein 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article traces the textual elaboration and expansion of dreams as embedded narratives in J. M. Coetzee’sWaiting for the Barbarians(1980). Drawing on Marie-Laure Ryan’s modal system, the objective is to lay bare Coetzee’s staging of the possibility of encountering theotherin the world of dreams as the only domain that is not controlled by territorializing forces of the imperial state. Ryan’s modal system is used to differentiate the fantasy universe (F-universe) of the protagonist’s dreams as the only possible venue for such an encounter with theother. We suggest that such unauthorized (I-Thou) encounters – which closely accompany (and interact with) the events in the textual actual world (TAW) – widen the doubtful magistrate’s horizon of vision and facilitate his liberation by disconnecting him from the imperial state.
Assessing writing performance in TOEFL-iBT
Authors: Shooraki Farah , Barati Hossein , Moinzadeh Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aims to determine the linguistic and discoursal differences in essays produced by Iranian test-takers of TOEFL-iBT in response to integrated and independent writing tasks. A sample of 40 essays, written by 20 Iranian test-takers of scored integrated and independent writing tasks, was compared and analyzed in terms of the four latent constructs of text easability (fourteen variables), cohesion (nine variables), lexical sophistication (nineteen variables), and syntactic complexity (six variables), using the Coh-Metrix 3.0 program. Results indicate differences in the linguistic and discoursal features of integrated and independent writing tasks. The findings reveal that the scores on writing tasks of EFL test-takers can be anchored empirically through the analysis of some discourse qualities like cohesion. Independent tasks contain more connectives and particles so they can result in better discourse structure organization and the generation of more cohesive devices. Stakeholders of the test should verify test constructs in terms of particular contexts like EFL and communicative views of language proficiency. Consequently, the findings contribute to the ongoing validity argument on TOEFL-iBT writing tasks for designing and interpreting scoring schemes for the writing component of the test.
A study of the place of articulation of the Arabic voiceless dorsal
fricative
Authors: Abo Mokh Noor , Lulich Steven M. , Alfaifi Abdullah , Robinson Sarah , Charles Sherman , de Jong Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Previous descriptions of the place of articulation of the
Arabic dorsal fricative suggest that it ranges from velar to uvular, and there
remains uncertainty in terms of identifying the place of articulation of this
fricative. If the dorsal fricatives are velar in articulation, this presents a
mismatch between their phonological class membership and their phonetic
manifestation, since the velar-uvular split is precisely where the guttural class
boundary is. If the natural class of gutturals excludes velars, then the common
patterning of the dorsal fricative with the gutturals suggests that it is not
underlyingly velar. This study seeks to empirically determine the place of
articulation of the voiceless dorsal fricative (/x/ or /χ/) in a speaker of each of
the following six Arabic dialects: Moroccan Darija, Algerian Darija (West side of
Algeria), Egyptian (Cairene), Triangle-Area Palestinian, Syrian (Aleppo), and Faifi
(Saudi Arabia). The study uses a state-of-the-art 3D/4D ultrasound machine,
digitized 3D palate impressions, and audio recordings to analyze the dorsal
fricatives of Arabic speakers. The results show a general tendency toward uvular
articulation or pre-uvular articulation across dialects, with some variation in some
speakers.
On the syntax of correlation: Evidence from Egyptian Arabic
Authors: Soltan Usama 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to describe and analyze the syntax of
two types of correlation structures (CSs) in Egyptian Arabic (EA): A structure
introduced by the quantifier kull (‘every’), and another introduced
by the measure PP ʕalā Ɂadd (literally, ‘on/by amount’). More
specifically, it is shown that both types of structures involve subordination, where
the first clause is subordinate to the second. A syntactic analysis along the lines
of den Dikken (2005) and Taylor (2013) for comparative correlatives is
first shown to account for the main grammatical properties of both types of CSs in
EA. A cartographic implementation of the analysis is then proposed to account for a
wider range of empirical data related to CSs, including their information structure
properties. The data and analysis presented in this paper thus add to the body of
empirical literature on CSs cross-linguistically, while showing that their
grammatical properties do follow under standard syntactic analysis, and that
analyzing such structures as ‘constructional’ primitives of the grammar is
unnecessary.
Clinical linguistic research in the study of Arabic diglossia
Authors: Khamis-Dakwar Reem 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Clinical linguistics was first defined as the “application of
the theories, methods, and findings of linguistics (including phonetics) to the
study of those clinical situations where disorders of language are diagnosed and
treated” (Crystal, 1981: 1). Based on a
Question and Answer presentation at the International Clinical Phonetics and
Linguistics Association, Crystal called for more focused cross-linguistic
comparative studies in clinical linguistics (Crystal, 2013). Although clinical applications of linguistics are
emphasized in such studies, this kind of research may also add to theoretical
inquiries in linguistics and the field of Communication Sciences and Disorders
(CSD). This paper highlights the potential contributions of Arabic clinical
linguistic studies to CSD, through a description of two studies on diglossia and its
interactions with assessment and intervention services provided by speech-language
pathologists (SLPs) in different CSD populations. The paper provides a brief
overview of the SLP profession and its growth in the Arabic-speaking world, followed
by descriptions of two preliminary clinical linguistic studies of Arabic diglossia:
one focused on aphasia recovery in diglossic speech communities, and the other on
diglossic codeswitching in Arabic-speaking individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. These studies share a broad theoretical framework, and both exemplify the
relevance of linguistic theory and methods for investigations of
communication disorders in diglossia. Of particular interest is the promise of
systematic cross-dialectal investigations of communication disorders in line with
Crystal’s (2013) call for expansion of
deliberately designed comparative cross-linguistic studies in clinical
linguistics.
Theoretical investigation of a miniature microwave driven plasma jet
Authors: Klute Michael , Porteanu Horia-Eugen , Stefanović Ilija , Heinrich Wolfgang , Awakowicz Peter , Brinkmann Ralf Peter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Radio frequency driven plasma jets are compact plasma sources which are used in many advanced fields such as surface engineering or biomedicine. The MMWICP (miniature micro wave ICP) is a particular variant of that device class. Unlike other plasma jets which employ capacitive coupling, the MMWICP uses the induction principle. The jet is integrated into a miniature cavity structure which realizes an LC-resonator with a high quality factor. When excited at its resonance frequency, the resonator develops a high internal current which—transferred to the plasma via induction—provides an efficient source of RF power. This work presents a theoretical model of the MMWICP. The possible operation points of the device are analyzed. Two different regimes can be identified, the capacitive E-mode with a plasma density of n
e ≈ 5 × 1017 m−3, and the inductive H-mode with densities of n
e ⩾ 1019 m−3. The E to H transition shows a pronounced hysteresis behavior.
Temperature-dependent change of the fractal dimension of Cu dendrites on Cu(111)
Authors: Sprodowski C , Morgenstern K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We investigate the shape of monatomic high Cu islands on a Cu(111) surface by variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy between 110 K and 240 K. Low temperature dendrites evolve towards more compact shapes at increasing temperature; finally reaching the equilibrium shape of a hexagon with rounded corners. Time-lapsed imaging at increasing temperature reveals the onset of shape change to be at ≈170 K, corresponding to the onset of edge and corner diffusion of atoms along the island’s borders. Despite a substantial variation for individual islands at each temperature, the mean fractal dimension increases monotonously between 170 K up to 240 K, from the smallest to the largest values feasible for islands grown on surfaces.