bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Capstone Students Really Understand the Needs of the Customer?: Observations on Students’ Blind Spots Left by Early Program Curriculum
Authors: Goodson Matthew , Sorensen Carl , Anderson Michael , Mattson Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Student capstone teams have varying degrees of success in meeting the expectations of their project sponsors. Keeping sponsors happy is important to these programs in order to ensure continued support from these industry representatives, so finding ways to improve project outcomes is critical. In order to find blind spots that students may have been left with after their first 6–7 weeks of instruction, we conducted structured interviews with students in capstone programs at Brigham Young University and the US Air Force Academy. These interviews were then transcribed, coded, and analyzed for themes that may have been well understood or misunderstood by students. We found that a significant number of students had not understood concepts such as a design being more than a prototype, that sponsors have expectations for the tradeoffs between product cost and performance, or that they need to be thinking about how their designs might be deployed. It was also interesting to note that most students also reported feeling confident in their understanding despite their apparent lack thereof, indicating that these could represent major blind spots for students. We propose that developing methods for teaching these principles early on will help students see more clearly what their end goals need to be, and thus help them be more successful in delivering desirable designs.
Mobile Based Real-Time Occlusion Between Real and Digital Objects in Augmented Reality
Authors: Jain Pranav , Tucker Conrad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a mobile-based augmented reality (AR) method is presented that is capable of accurate occlusion between digital and real-world objects in real-time. AR occlusion is the process of hiding or showing virtual objects behind physical ones. Existing approaches that address occlusion in AR applications typically require the use of markers or depth sensors, coupled with compute machines (e.g., laptop or desktop). Furthermore, real-world environments are cluttered and contain motion artifacts that result in occlusion errors and improperly rendered virtual objects, relative to the real world environment. These occlusion errors can lead users to have an incorrect perception of the environment around them while using an AR application, namely not knowing a real-world object is present. Moving the technology to mobile-based AR environments is necessary to reduce the cost and complexity of these technologies. This paper presents a mobile-based AR method that brings real and virtual objects into a similar coordinate system so that virtual objects do not obscure nearby real-world objects in an AR environment. This method captures and processes visual data in real-time, allowing the method to be used in a variety of non-static environments and scenarios. The results of the case study show that the method has the potential to reduce compute complexity, maintain high frame rates to run in real-time, and maintain occlusion efficacy.
Exploration of Layer Specific Dimensional Multipliers in Modified Unit Cell Synthesis Method Meta-Materials for Nonlinear Applications
Authors: Franklin Samuel J. , Fadel Georges , Coutris Nicole , Li Gang , Castanier Matt 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Topology optimization of periodic metamaterials for structural applications usually results in uniformly distributed cells. This paper presents a novel concept designed to better tailor unit cell-based meta-material designs for nonlinear structural applications. First, previous work in the development of a systematic method for the construction and optimization of these advanced materials is reviewed. Results of a previous case study for the design of meta-material backer pads for the wheels of the Abrams tank are presented to provide a platform for the introduction of layer specific dimensional multipliers, dubbed “size factors”. These add an additional layer of complexity for the previously designed homogeneous materials. The methodology behind the size factors is presented and the implementation of the “size factors”, as it pertains to the meta-materials designed using the Modified Unit Cell Synthesis method, is then discussed. Initial assumptions for a final size factor arrangement are presented, prompting the creation of two optimization procedures to compare against one another. Results for both optimizations are obtained and while both show an increase in nonlinearity over the original material, the unorganized arrangement of the parameters results in the most optimal designs, with near zero error between the target and obtained non-linear force-strain relationships.
Analysis of Designer Emotions in Collaborative and Traditional Computer-Aided Design
Authors: Zhou Jinxuan (Janice) , Phadnis Vrushank , Olechowski Alison 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Technology is transforming the way engineering designers work and interact with others; Synchronous collaborative computer-aided design (CAD) tools allow designers to manipulate the same model at the same time. We present a new method using automated facial emotion detection software and cursor tracking to map designer emotions and corresponding designer activities in synchronous collaborative CAD. We present findings from a dataset of 9 participants that were assigned to two distinct working styles in the same synchronous CAD environment: single participants working by themselves and paired participants working together. In general, our results show that designers working in the paired workflow exhibited more emotion compared to designers who worked alone. A frequency analysis was performed by linking occurrences of each emotional response to their antecedent activities, revealing that user emotions were predictable to some degree by specific antecedent activities of CAD work. We concluded that activities happening in the graphics area were the most frequent antecedent events of emotions for single-users, while for paired participants, activities in the chat section and feature menu were the most frequent antecedent events for joy and fear, respectively. Finally, logistic regression was applied for each combination of event and emotion for each participant in order to further investigate the relationships between the user activities and emotions, and meta-regression was used to aggregate the regression results for the two different working styles. In particular, for single-users, activities in the model tree were found to be positively correlated to joy and negatively correlated to disgust, and navigating the feature menu increased the likelihood of contempt. For participants in pairs, communicating with CAD partner and receiving communications from partner was associated with joy, navigating the feature menu was associated with sadness, anger and disgust were associated with partner’s action in the model tree, and contempt corresponded to the designer’s own activities in the model tree area. The approach and conclusions presented in this paper allow us to better understand designer emotions in fully synchronous CAD, which leads to insight related to designer satisfaction, creativity, performance and other outcomes valued by engineering designers in a virtual collaborative environment.
Effect of Humidity on the Nanoscale Heat Transfer at the Head-Media Interface
Authors: Cheng Qilong , Ma Yuan , Bogy David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In hard disk drives (HDD), the head-media spacing has decreased to less than 10 nm. Across this nanoscale gap, the heat transfer between the head and media may affect the air-bearing design, lubricant transfer and contact issues. Thus, understanding the heat transfer mechanism is very important to magnetic recording, especially for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR). In this paper, the heat transfer between a head and a static media is studied. In particular, the effect of humidity on the nanoscale heat transfer between a head and a static media is studied experimentally. From the transient and steady data of the experiments, it is proposed that the dynamic response of head protrusion is faster than heat dissipation. Also, a layer of water is assumed to form between the head and the media under high humidity. The water-layer affects the spacing and the heat transfer coefficient across the interface. In the near-contact regime, namely when the clearance is less than 2 nm or so, the protrusion interacts with the water-layer on the media, resulting in a lower rate of change of cooling.
Establishment of Mass Production Method of Mesoporous Silica Thin Film and Development of Porous Carbon Thin Film Using 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone As Carbon Source
Authors: Tamada Makio , Sunami Yuta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Porous materials typified by mesoporous silica and porous carbon are expected to be applied in various fields such as adsorption, ion exchange, and engineering. In this research, we focused on mesoporous silica thin films and porous carbon thin films. For the mesoporous silica thin film, mass creation method was established the by introducing the roll-to-roll fabrication method. In this method, the pore size could be controlled by changing the molar ratio of the precursor solution, and the thickness of mesoporous silica film is controlled by changing the peripheral speed ratio. In the development of porous carbon thin film, we succeeded to express pores by using 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone as a carbon source. X-ray analysis and arithmetic mean roughness measurements were made on the fabricated carbon thin film. As a result, it was confirmed that the porous carbon thin film prepared in this study has a higher specific surface area than the porous carbon thin film synthesized by the conventional manufacturing method.
A New On-Chip Real-Time Algorithm for Non-Invasive Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Using PPG Sensor
Authors: Yeh Ming Hua , Chao Paul C.-P. , Pandey Rajeev 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Blood pressure is a basic physiological quantity and prolonged abnormal blood pressure which will precipitate different kinds of cardiovascular diseases. The early detection of hypertension is extremely important for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases. This study proposes a new on-chip real-time algorithm for non-invasive cuffless blood pressure estimation using PPG Sensor (PPG). The algorithm is implemented in the integrated chip with chip area of 3.97mm2 and fabricated via TSMC T18 process. The experimental result shows that the overall power consumption of the chip is 15.62 mW. Finally, the blood pressure measurement platform has been developed with GUI for long-term continuous cuffless BP measurement. The non-invasive blood pressure sensor is applied to the wrist artery of 44 subjects for sensing the PPG pulsation of the blood vessel. Measurement results shows that the maximum error in the BP measurement is ±6 mmHg. Which is less than 8 mmHg, defined by the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard.
Realization of Natural User Interface for Computer Control With KNN Classifier Enhanced Smart Glove
Authors: Wu Chieh-Ju , Lin Kai-Hsiang , Hsieh Meng-Lin , Chang Jen-Yuan (James) 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gesture interaction is a commonly used solution when introducing Natural User Interface (NUI), a kind of user interface where the interaction is direct and consistent with natural heuristic behaviors. In this paper, a smart glove with efficient real-time hand orientation calculation and accurate static hand gesture prediction is proposed. This custom-built wireless glove consists of flex sensors, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor, a microcontroller with multi-channel ADC/AMP (analog to digital converter and amplifier), a Bluetooth module, and an Arduino Micro Pro. K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) classifier is implemented to assist static hand gesture prediction with the validated accuracy exceeding 97%. This supervised machine learning algorithm allows a highly customizable smart glove which the input gestures, input number of gestures, and the associated activating functions are all easily changeable by the users any time. To show the benefits of combining the NUI and supervised machine learning, a validation experiments, computer control, were conducted.
Failure Detection for Multiple Micro-Punches Outfitted in Progressive Piercing Processes With Artificial Intelligent Model
Authors: Wu Tsung-Liang , Hwang Yu-Chun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to establish a model for the diagnosis of multiple micro-punch failures. The punch is assumed to a rigid body structure with a small change in the stiffness during the piercing process and its diameter is varied between Ø0.8–1.2 mm. Thus, the wearing trend of multiple punches in the piercing process and source of the interfered signals make it extremely difficult to analyze. The two major challenges that affect punch failure estimation are the poor signal-to-noise ratio within the factory environment and the rigid body mode disturbance in the signal. To acquire the vibratory signals of the piercing motion, uniaxial accelerometers were outfitted in the vertical direction on the progressive die. Since the piercing process is a series of highly nonlinear transient processes, the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is adopted as a decoupling operation tool for this kind of non-stationary signal. Furthermore, the dimension-reduced process can be manipulated by Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) and a function representative of the feature is selected as the input for neural network model training. The training target is the most direct relationship with the product quality, the selected models are multi-layer perceptron and the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) of the error inversion algorithm. The artificial intelligence failure diagnosis of the piercing process is also realized.
Inverse Kinematics of a Humanoid Robotic Arm With Fixed Joint Method
Authors: Deng Yu-Heng , Chang Jen-Yuan (James) 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to solve the inverse kinematics problem. It would adaptively limit the movability of certain joints during the iteration process of inverse kinematics according to the pose of the manipulator and the target position. This change could prevent lower links to get tangled and cause a singularity. Our research is based on a model of a 7-DOFs (degree of freedoms) humanoid robotic arm, and the parameter study of the inverse kinematics algorithm has been done to increase both success rate and decrease calculation time. This paper provides a fast and low computational cost scheme to calculate inverse kinematics with the ability to reduce the chance of encountering the singular points.
Design of a Novel Variable Stiffness Series Elastic Actuator for Extended Linearity
Authors: Lee Seung Ho , Lee Hyeok Jin , Lee Kyeong Ha , Baek Ji Min , Koo Ja Choon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently, Series Elastic Actuator (SEA) has been popularly used as a torque sensor thanks to its notable ability to calibrate the relation between torque and displacement. It has been applied to many robotic applications and used in a various industrial automation fields. However, most of the current SEAs have nonlinear torque-displacement characteristics which could not be easily alleviated. In order to be utilized as a feasible torque sensor, the wide linearity of a SEA in torque-displacement relationship is not an option. Also, adjustable compliance is needed to implement a mechanism with different stiffness, depending on the various cases where SEA can be applied. In this paper, we designed a Variable Stiffness Linear Series Elastic Actuator (VLSEA) mechanism that can achieve variable stiffness with a linear relationship between torque and displacement. At first, a design with a four-bar link was proposed for linear relations, but it was difficult to implement variable stiffness. We modified the design using the Scotch Yoke mechanisms for the model to have variable stiffness. Simulation of the designed model then verifies that the model can properly implement linearity and variable stiffness.
Modelling of the Movement of a Prolate Particle in the Steady State Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid in an Inclined Annulus With Inner String Rotation
Authors: Cayeux Eric 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The determination of the slip velocity, or whether a solid particle will sediment, during its transport is of prime importance for hole cleaning evaluations during drilling operations. Yet, this task is complexified by the asymmetry of the annulus when the central pipe axis does not coincide with the borehole central line and when the inner string rotates, especially since drilling fluids typically follow a yield stress power law rheological behavior.
This paper describes the modelling of the movement of a particle in such conditions yet with the following simplifications: the inner tube is eccentric but has a uniform movement, the shape of the particle is assimilated to a prolate, the change of shear rates in the fluid around the slipping particle is neglected and collisions between particles are not considered. Otherwise, gravitational effects are incorporated by accounting for the mass density difference between the particle and the surrounding fluid mixture and by considering the borehole inclination. The particle spin is also estimated as it plays an important role in the determination of the drag and lift forces.
The solution to the differential equations that describe the time evolution of the position and orientation of the particle, depend largely upon the initial conditions. Therefore, an ensemble of boundary conditions is generated at a starting cross-section along the annulus and the resulting particle trajectories are estimated. It is then possible to estimate a probabilistic slip velocity for particles of the considered dimensions, far away from the entrance region. This probabilistic approach allows to define a critical transport fluid velocity as the lower limit of the bulk fluid velocity by which no particle risk to settle. Similarly, one can define a critical settling fluid velocity as the upper limit of the bulk fluid velocity where every particle will sediment regardless of the initial conditions.
With the described modelling of the particle movement and its associated statistical methods, it is possible to quantitatively estimate the spatial distribution of particles in any cross-section. For those particles that get trapped between the tool-joint and the borehole, it is then possible to estimate their size reduction by grinding, resulting from the rotation of the tool-joint on the borehole wall. The grinding process impacts the particle size distribution passed a tool-joint. By applying this method iteratively up to the annulus outlet, it is possible to estimate the particle size distribution of the drill-cuttings when they arrive at the shale-shakers.
Small-Scale HISC Testing of a Superduplex Stainless Steel Welded Joint: The Impact and Interaction of Testing and Residual Stresses
Authors: Blanchard Lisa , Sotoudeh Kasra , London Tyler , Kabra Saurabh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The combination of high strength and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels (DSSs) has promoted their use in subsea environments, particularly for the oil and gas industry. However, in the past 20 years, costly in-service failures of DSS components have frequently been encountered, most of which were attributed to hydrogen induced stress cracking (HISC). This cracking mechanism occurs once a susceptible microstructure coexists with critical levels of hydrogen and stress. In subsea environments, the use of cathodic protection (CP) is a source of hydrogen and the critical stress levels can be reached locally by operation and residual stresses generated during the manufacturing and installation processes. In order to prevent HISC failures, the microstructure, sources of hydrogen and stress levels have to be determined and controlled.
An important factor contributing to the total stress experienced by a welded component is the residual stresses induced by welding. In a previous research projects conducted at TWI, residual stresses were measured in a full-scale girth weld between a DSS flange and pipe which had been in service, subsea, for 12 years.
This follow-on work, on the same component, tested a number of small-scale cross-weld specimens, under CP to evaluate resistance to HISC of the weld. The observations showed that the cross-weld specimens exhibited superior resistance to HISC than that of the all-parent pipe and flange specimens. This was unexpected, and it was thought that this could potentially be explained by the influence of any compressive residual stresses remained in the small-scale test specimens used for the environmental testing programme.
The present work provides the residual stress measurements in small-scale cross-weld specimens, using the neutron diffraction technique, and attempts to explain the relationship between the HISC testing results and residual stresses measured.