bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Modeling and Characterization of Induced Seismicity Within the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Kothari Sidhanth , Shcherbakov Robert , Atkinson Gail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn western Canada, there has been an increase in seismic activity linked to anthropogenic energy‐related operations including conventional hydrocarbon production, wastewater fluid injection, and, more recently, hydraulic fracturing (HF). Statistical modeling and characterization of the space, time, and magnitude distributions of the seismicity are vital for a better understanding of induced earthquake processes and development of forecasting models. In this work, a statistical analysis of the seismicity in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin was performed across past and present time periods by utilizing a compiled earthquake catalog for Alberta and eastern British Columbia. Specifically, the interevent space‐time distance distributions of earthquakes were studied using the nearest‐neighbor distance (NND) method. Additionally, the frequency‐magnitude statistics and aftershock parameters of several clusters were analyzed using the Gutenberg‐Richter relation and the epidemic‐type aftershock sequence model. The results suggest that recent regional changes in the NND distributions, namely, a disproportionate increase in loosely and tightly clustered seismic activity over time, are unnatural and likely due to the rise in HF operations for the development of unconventional resources. It is concluded that both these loosely and tightly clustered earthquake subpopulations differ measurably from what may be the region's tectonic seismic activity. Additionally, HF treatments have a greater probability of triggering swarm‐like sequences that sharply spike the seismicity rate and are characterized by larger Gutenberg‐Richterbvalues. In contrast, conventional production and wastewater disposal operations largely trigger loosely clustered activity with more typical magnitude occurrence distributions.
A Study of Daytime Convective Vortices and Turbulence in the Martian Planetary Boundary Layer Based on Half‐a‐Year of InSight Atmospheric Measurements and Large‐Eddy Simulations
Authors: Spiga A. , Murdoch N. , Lorenz R. , Forget F. , Newman C. , Rodriguez S. , Pla‐Garcia J. , Moreiras D. Viúdez , Banfield D. , Perrin C. , Mueller N. T. , Lemmon M. , Millour E. , Banerdt W. B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudying the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) is crucial to understand the climate of a planet. The meteorological measurements by the instruments onboard InSight at a latitude of 4.5°N make a unique rich data set to study the active turbulent dynamics of the daytime PBL on Mars. Here we use the high‐sensitivity continuous pressure, wind, and temperature measurements in the first 400 sols of InSight operations (from northern late winter to midsummer) to analyze wind gusts, convective cells, and vortices in Mars’ daytime PBL. We compare InSight measurements to turbulence‐resolving large‐eddy simulations (LES). The daytime PBL turbulence at the InSight landing site is very active, with clearly identified signatures of convective cells and a vast population of 6,000 recorded vortex encounters, adequately represented by a power law with a 3.4 exponent. While the daily variability of vortex encounters at InSight can be explained by the statistical nature of turbulence, the seasonal variability is positively correlated with ambient wind speed, which is supported by LES. However, wind gustiness is positively correlated to surface temperature rather than ambient wind speed and sensible heat flux, confirming the radiative control of the daytime Martian PBL; and fewer convective vortices are forming in LES when the background wind is doubled. Thus, the long‐term seasonal variability of vortex encounters at the InSight landing site is mainly controlled by the advection of convective vortices by ambient wind speed. Typical tracks followed by vortices forming in the LES show a similar distribution in direction and length as orbital imagery.
PCM1 is necessary for focal ciliary integrity and is a candidate for severe schizophrenia
Authors: Monroe Tanner O. , Garrett Melanie E. , Kousi Maria , Rodriguiz Ramona M. , Moon Sungjin , Bai Yushi , Brodar Steven C. , Soldano Karen L. , Savage Jeremiah , Hansen Thomas F. , Muzny Donna M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Barak Lawrence , Sullivan Patrick F. , Ashley-Koch Allison E. , Sawa Akira , Wetsel William C. , Werge Thomas , Katsanis Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe neuronal primary cilium and centriolar satellites have functions in neurogenesis, but little is known about their roles in the postnatal brain. We show that ablation of pericentriolar material 1 in the mouse leads to progressive ciliary, anatomical, psychomotor, and cognitive abnormalities. RNAseq reveals changes in amine- and G-protein coupled receptor pathways. The physiological relevance of this phenotype is supported by decreased available dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) levels and the failure of antipsychotic drugs to rescue adult behavioral defects. Immunoprecipitations show an association with Pcm1 and D2Rs. Finally, we sequencePCM1in two human cohorts with severe schizophrenia. Systematic modeling of all discovered rare alleles by zebrafish in vivo complementation reveals an enrichment for pathogenic alleles. Our data emphasize a role for the pericentriolar material in the postnatal brain, with progressive degenerative ciliary and behavioral phenotypes; and they support a contributory role forPCM1in some individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Time-resolved in situ visualization of the structural response of zeolites during catalysis
Authors: Kang Jinback , Carnis Jerome , Kim Dongjin , Chung Myungwoo , Kim Jaeseung , Yun Kyuseok , An Gukil , Cha Wonsuk , Harder Ross , Song Sanghoon , Sikorski Marcin , Robert Aymeric , Thanh Nguyen Huu , Lee Heeju , Choi Yong Nam , Huang Xiaojing , Chu Yong S. , Clark Jesse N. , Song Mee Kyung , Yoon Kyung Byung , Robinson Ian K. , Kim Hyunjung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractZeolites are three-dimensional aluminosilicates having unique properties from the size and connectivity of their sub-nanometer pores, the Si/Al ratio of the anionic framework, and the charge-balancing cations. The inhomogeneous distribution of the cations affects their catalytic performances because it influences the intra-crystalline diffusion rates of the reactants and products. However, the structural deformation regarding inhomogeneous active regions during the catalysis is not yet observed by conventional analytical tools. Here we employ in situ X-ray free electron laser-based time-resolved coherent X-ray diffraction imaging to investigate the internal deformations originating from the inhomogeneous Cu ion distributions in Cu-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolite crystals during the deoxygenation of nitrogen oxides with propene. We show that the interactions between the reactants and the active sites lead to an unusual strain distribution, confirmed by density functional theory simulations. These observations provide insights into the role of structural inhomogeneity in zeolites during catalysis and will assist the future design of zeolites for their applications.
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of pyrene-labeled ADP-Pi- and ADP-actin filaments
Authors: Chou Steven Z. , Pollard Thomas D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the fluorescent reagent N-(1-pyrene)iodoacetamide was first used to label skeletal muscle actin in 1981, the pyrene-labeled actin has become the most widely employed tool to measure the kinetics of actin polymerization and the interaction between actin and actin-binding proteins. Here we report high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of actin filaments with N-1-pyrene conjugated to cysteine 374 and either ADP (3.2 Å) or ADP-phosphate (3.0 Å) in the active site. Polymerization buries pyrene in a hydrophobic cavity between subunits along the long-pitch helix with only minor differences in conformation compared with native actin filaments. These structures explain how polymerization increases the fluorescence 20-fold, how myosin and cofilin binding to filaments reduces the fluorescence, and how profilin binding to actin monomers increases the fluorescence.
Non-local effect of impurity states on the exchange coupling mechanism in magnetic topological insulators
Authors: Peixoto Thiago R. F. , Bentmann Hendrik , Rüßmann Philipp , Tcakaev Abdul-Vakhab , Winnerlein Martin , Schreyeck Steffen , Schatz Sonja , Vidal Raphael Crespo , Stier Fabian , Zabolotnyy Volodymyr , Green Robert J. , Min Chul Hee , Fornari Celso I. , Maaß Henriette , Vasili Hari Babu , Gargiani Pierluigi , Valvidares Manuel , Barla Alessandro , Buck Jens , Hoesch Moritz , Diekmann Florian , Rohlf Sebastian , Kalläne Matthias , Rossnagel Kai , Gould Charles , Brunner Karl , Blügel Stefan , Hinkov Vladimir , Molenkamp Laurens W. , Reinert Friedrich 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect in the magnetically doped topological insulators (MTI) Cr:(Bi,Sb)2Te3 and V:(Bi,Sb)2Te3, the search for the magnetic coupling mechanisms underlying the onset of ferromagnetism has been a central issue, and a variety of different scenarios have been put forward. By combining resonant photoemission, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and density functional theory, we determine the local electronic and magnetic configurations of V and Cr impurities in (Bi,Sb)2Te3. State-of-the-art first-principles calculations find pronounced differences in their 3d densities of states, and show how these impurity states mediate characteristic short-range pd exchange interactions, whose strength sensitively varies with the position of the 3d states relative to the Fermi level. Measurements on films with varying host stoichiometry support this trend. Our results explain, in an unified picture, the origins of the observed magnetic properties, and establish the essential role of impurity-state-mediated exchange interactions in the magnetism of MTI.
Gen-FS coordinated proficiency test data for genomic foodborne pathogen surveillance, 2017 and 2018 exercises
Authors: Timme Ruth E. , Lafon Patricia C. , Balkey Maria , Adams Jennifer K. , Wagner Darlene , Carleton Heather , Strain Errol , Hoffmann Maria , Sabol Ashley , Rand Hugh , Lindsey Rebecca , Sheehan Deborah , Baugher Joseph D. , Trees Eija 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe US PulseNet and GenomeTrakr laboratory networks work together within the Genomics for Food Safety (Gen-FS) consortium to collect and analyze genomic data for foodborne pathogen surveillance (species include Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli (STECs), and Campylobactor). In 2017 these two laboratory networks started harmonizing their respective proficiency test exercises, agreeing on distributing a single strain-set and following the same standard operating procedure (SOP) for genomic data collection, running a jointly coordinated annual proficiency test exercise. In this data release we are publishing the reference genomes and raw data submissions for the 2017 and 2018 proficiency test exercises.
Network-based approach highlighting interplay among anti-hypertensives: target coding-genes: diseases
Authors: Sharma Reetu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElucidating the relation between the medicines: targets, targets: diseases and diseases: diseases are of fundamental significance as-is for societal benefit. Hypertension is one of the dangerous health conditions prevalent in society, is a risk factor for several other diseases if left untreated and anti-hypertensives (AHs) are the approved drugs to treat it. The goal of the study is to decipher the connection between hypertension with other health conditions, however, is challenging due to the large interactome. To fulfill the aim, the strategy involves prior clustering of the AHs into groups as per our previous method, followed by the analyzing functional association of the target coding-genes (tc-genes) and health conditions for each group. Following our recently published work where the AHs are clustered into six groups such that molecules having similar patterns come together, here, the distribution of molecular functions and the cellular components adopted by the tc-genes of each group are analyzed. The analyses indicate that kidney, heart, brain or lung related ailments are commonly associated with the tc-genes. The association of selective tc-genes to health conditions suggests a preference for certain health conditions despite many possibilities. Analyses of experimentally validated drug–drug combinations indicate the trend in successful AHs combinations. Clinically validated combinations bind different targets. Our study provides a promising methodology in a network-based approach that considers the influence of structural diversity of AHs to the functional perspective of tc-genes concerning the health conditions. The method could be extended to explore disease–disease relationships.
One step acid activation of bentonite derived adsorbent for the effective remediation of the new generation of industrial pesticides
Authors: Shattar Siti Fairos Ab , Zakaria Nor Azazi , Foo Keng Yuen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, the facile one step acid activation of bentonite derived functionalized adsorbent (AB) for the effective remediation of both ionic and non-ionic secondary pesticides, ametryn and metolachlor has been attempted. The surface characteristics of AB were examined by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier Transforms Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The adsorptive behavior was evaluated with respect to the effect of contact time, initial concentrations and solution pH. The equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models, while the adsorption kinetic was analyzed using the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic equations. Thermodynamic parameters including the standard enthalpy change (ΔH°), standard entropy change (ΔS°), and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) were established. Thermodynamic analysis illustrated that the adsorption process was feasible and exothermic in nature, while the characterization findings verified the alteration of FTIR bands, and a high specific surface area of 464.92 m2/g, with a series of pores distributed over the surface. Equilibrium data was best confronted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model, while the adsorptive removal of ametryn and metolachlor onto AB was satisfactory described by the Langmuir isotherm model, with the monolayer adsorption capacities for ametryn and metolachlor of 2.032 and 0.208 mmole/g respectively. The findings outlined the potential of the newly develop AB for the on-site treatment of pesticide polluted water.
Prediction of factors affecting activation of soil erosion by mathematical modeling at pedon scale under laboratory conditions
Authors: Shojaei Saeed , Kalantari Zahra , Rodrigo-Comino Jesús 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil degradation due to erosion is a significant worldwide problem at different spatial (from pedon to watershed) and temporal scales. All stages and factors in the erosion process must be detected and evaluated to reduce this environmental issue and protect existing fertile soils and natural ecosystems. Laboratory studies using rainfall simulators allow single factors and interactive effects to be investigated under controlled conditions during extreme rainfall events. In this study, three main factors (rainfall intensity, inclination, and rainfall duration) were assessed to obtain empirical data for modeling water erosion during single rainfall events. Each factor was divided into three levels (− 1, 0, + 1), which were applied in different combinations using a rainfall simulator on beds (6 × 1 m) filled with soil from a study plot located in the arid Sistan region, Iran. The rainfall duration levels tested were 3, 5, and 7 min, the rainfall intensity levels were 30, 60, and 90 mm/h, and the inclination levels were 5, 15, and 25%. The results showed that the highest rainfall intensity tested (90 mm/h) for the longest duration (7 min) caused the highest runoff (62 mm3/s) and soil loss (1580 g/m2/h). Based on the empirical results, a quadratic function was the best mathematical model (R2 = 0.90) for predicting runoff (Q) and soil loss. Single-factor analysis revealed that rainfall intensity was more influential for runoff production than changes in time and inclination, while rainfall duration was the most influential single factor for soil loss. Modeling and three-dimensional depictions of the data revealed that sediment production was high and runoff production lower at the beginning of the experiment, but this trend was reversed over time as the soil became saturated. These results indicate that avoiding the initial stage of erosion is critical, so all soil protection measures should be taken to reduce the impact at this stage. The final stages of erosion appeared too complicated to be modeled, because different factors showed differing effects on erosion.
Genetic analysis of phenylpropanoids and antioxidant capacity in strawberry fruit reveals mQTL hotspots and candidate genes
Authors: Pott Delphine M. , Vallarino José G. , Cruz-Rus Eduardo , Willmitzer Lothar , Sánchez-Sevilla José F. , Amaya Iraida , Osorio Sonia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhenylpropanoids are a large class of plant secondary metabolites, which play essential roles in human health mainly associated with their antioxidant activity. Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a rich source of phytonutrients, including phenylpropanoids, which have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. In this study, using theF. × ananassa‘232’ × ‘1392’ F1segregating population, we analyzed the genetic control of individual phenylpropanoid metabolites, total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in strawberry fruit over two seasons. We have identified a total of 7, 9, and 309 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for TPC, TEAC and for 77 polar secondary metabolites, respectively. Hotspots of stable QTL for health-related antioxidant compounds were detected on linkage groups LG IV-3, LG V-2 and V-4, and LG VI-1 and VI-2, where associated markers represent useful targets for marker-assisted selection of new varieties with increased levels of antioxidant secondary compounds. Moreover, differential expression of candidate genes for major and stable mQTLs was studied in fruits of contrasting lines in important flavonoids. Our results indicate that higher expression ofFaF3′H, which encodes the flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase, is associated with increased content of these important flavonoids.
Circulating miRNA-181b-5p, miRNA-223-3p, miRNA-210-3p, let 7i-5p, miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in patients with localized scleroderma as potential biomarkers
Authors: Wolska-Gawron Katarzyna , Bartosińska Joanna , Rusek Marta , Kowal Małgorzata , Raczkiewicz Dorota , Krasowska Dorota 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLocalized scleroderma (LoSc) is a rare disease manifested by an inflammation and sclerosis of the skin. The latest studies focused on glycoprotein Krebs von den Lungen-6, surfactant protein-D, chemokine ligand 18 and dipeptidylpeptidase 4 as potential biomarkers of skin fibrosis in systemic scleroderma. Our study aimed to identify 6 miRNAs with elevated or decreased levels in 38 LoSc patients (31 females, 7 males) compared to healthy volunteers (HVs) and to correlate the selected miRNAs’ serum levels with the severity and the clinical symptoms of LoSc and some laboratory parameters with the selected miRNAs’ serum levels. The serum levels of miRNAs, i.e. miRNA-181b-5p, miRNA-223-3p, miRNA-21-5p, let 7i-5p, miRNA-29a-3p and miRNA-210-3p were significantly increased in the LoSc patients compared to the HVs. The level of let-7i increase in the female LoSc patients correlated negatively with BSA (r =  − 0.355, p = 0.049) and mLoSSI (r =  − 0.432, p = 0.015). Moreover, the female patients with inactive LoSc had significantly higher level of let-7i (2.68-fold on average) in comparison to those with active disease (p = 0.045). The exact role of those molecules has not been revealed in LoSc and a long-term longitudinal research is pivotal to confirm their prognostic value.
Bideposited silver nanocolloid arrays with strong plasmon-induced birefringence for SERS application
Authors: Jen Yi-Jun , Liu Wei-Chen , Cong Ming-Yang , Chan Teh-Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSilver nano-rod, nano-zigzag, nano-saw, and nano-particle arrays are fabricated with glancing angle bideposition. The structure-dependent anisotropic optical properties of those bideposited nanostructured arrays are measured and investigated. The equivalent birefringence values of nano-rod and nano-zigzag arrays are much larger than crystals found in nature and liquid crystal used in display products. The fact that induced localized plasmon-magnetic field between nanorods dominates the strong phase retardation between p-polarized and s-polarized transmitted wave. For the nano-saw, the strong localized electric field induced between the saw teeth leads to strong SERS signals. Although the bideposited nanoparticles own weak morphological anisotropy, strong optical phase retardation is still detected at wavelengths near 400 nm.
Ultrastructural and diffusion tensor imaging studies reveal axon abnormalities in Pompe disease mice
Authors: Lee Ni-Chung , Peng Wei-Hao , Tsai Li-Kai , Lu Yen-Hsu , Wang Hao-Chun , Shih Yao-Chia , Pung Zeng-Xian , Hu Hsi-Yuan , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac , Chien Yin-Hsiu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPompe disease (PD) is caused by lysosomal glycogen accumulation in tissues, including muscles and the central nervous system (CNS). The intravenous infusion of recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) rescues the muscle pathologies in PD but does not treat the CNS because rhGAA does not cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To understand the CNS pathologies in PD, control and PD mice were followed and analyzed at 9 and 18 months with brain structural and ultrastructural studies. T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed the progressive dilatation of the lateral ventricles and thinning of the corpus callosum in PD mice. Electron microscopy (EM) studies at the genu of the corpus callosum revealed glycogen accumulation, an increase in nerve fiber size variation, a decrease in the g-ratio (axon diameter/total fiber diameter), and myelin sheath decompaction. The morphology of oligodendrocytes was normal. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies at the corpus callosum revealed an increase in axial diffusivity (AD) and mean diffusivity (MD) more significantly in 9-month-old PD mice. The current study suggests that axon degeneration and axon loss occur in aged PD mice and are probably caused by glycogen accumulation in neurons. A drug crossing the BBB or a treatment for directly targeting the brain might be necessary in PD.