bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between coagulation factor VIII quantified with one‐stage activity assay and with mass spectrometry in haemophilia A patients: Proof of principle
Authors: Donners Anouk A. M. T. , van Maarseveen Erik M. , Weetink Yrea R. J. , El Amrani Mohsin , Fischer Kathelijn , Rademaker Carin M. A. , Egberts Toine C. G. , Huisman Albert , Musson Ruben E. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia A is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. As biomarker, FVIII activity is used to classify disease severity and to monitor treatment. The one‐stage clotting assay (OSA) is performed to measure FVIII activity, but OSA's limitations may result in misclassification of disease severity or suboptimal monitoring of treatment. Measurement of FVIII plasma concentration with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) might overcome these challenges. The objective is to investigate the correlation between FVIII activity and concentration, and determinants for differences between the two methods.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, all haemophilia A patients receiving standard‐of‐care were eligible for inclusion. Within the activity categories of <1 IU/dL, 1‐5 IU/dL, >5‐40 IU/dL, >40‐150 IU/dL and >150‐600 IU/dL, we randomly selected 15‐20 plasma samples and compared FVIII concentration (LC‐MS/MS) to FVIII activity (OSA) with linear regression and Bland‐Altman analysis. Potential determinants for differences were analysed with linear regression.ResultsInclusion was 87 samples. Bland‐Altman analysis demonstrated an overall mean difference of −1% with an SD of 64% between the two methods. Large differences were correlated with the presence of anti‐FVIII antibodies (133% [95% CI: 81, 185] n = 5) and use of exogenous FVIII products (−37% [95% CI: −65,‐9] n = 58), for example plasma‐derived and B‐domain–modified FVIII products.ConclusionsDespite good overall correlation between the two methods, relative differences were large, especially for samples with anti‐FVIII antibodies or exogenous FVIII products. These differences may have clinical impact. More research is needed to determine the value of FVIII plasma concentration in comparison with FVIII activity.
Do ‘child‐friendly’ countries contribute to child satisfaction? A comparative study of OECD countries
Authors: Tarshish Noam 
Published: July 2020

Child‐friendliness is a new concept in the research literature. Derived from the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, it assesses different nations’ commitment to the aspects of children’s rights: both self‐determination and nurturance and care. Since the concept is still in its infancy, there is a need to study the associations between child‐friendliness and the subjective well‐being of children in a comparative perspective. Accordingly, the present study compares country rankings in the Child‐Friendliness Index (CFI) with country scores in the Global Domain Satisfaction Index (GDSI) in a sample of ten OECD countries. Results show that there is no association between the adapted GDSI score and the CFI. However, the self‐determination sub‐index and specifically participation in the personal domain are found correlated with GDSI domains. Moreover, countries can be grouped into different clusters: Nordic, Mediterranean, European, Asian.Key Practitioner Message: • There was no apparent association between the adapted GDSI score and the Child‐Friendliness Index (CFI) rank; • The CFI self‐determination sub‐index and participation in the personal domain specifically were found to be correlated with GDSI domains; • Countries may be grouped into different clusters when looking at their GDSI score and CFI rank: Nordic, Mediterranean, European, Asian.
Two‐year follow‐up of a community based Prostate Cancer Assessment Clinic for BME men
Authors: McAllister B.J. , Sherwood B.T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 2‐year follow‐up of a community based prostate cancer assessment service was carried out to assess the overall prostate cancer detection rates, along with the compliance rates for annual PSA surveillance. Using data collected during the clinic, we were able to audit PSA surveillance patterns and referrals via GPs to assess the ongoing impact of the service. The majority of attendees had PSA testing at least once via their GP in the 2 years following clinic attendance. A proportion had rising PSA triggering referral to the Urology service for further investigation, resulting in further diagnoses of prostate cancer. While the ongoing surveillance levels were not as high as we would have liked, we have been able to demonstrate that attendance at the community based service has resulted in an overall increase of levels of PSA testing via GP surgeries. A limitation in GP software has been identified which may be a factor in reduced surveillance rates. This 2‐year audit has demonstrated that the service was successful in achieving its dual aims of accurately assessing the detection rate of prostate cancer among attendees, and compliance with surveillance PSA testing post clinic.
Fat grafting and platelet‐rich plasma for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A feasibility‐randomised controlled trial
Authors: Smith Oliver J. , Leigh Richard , Kanapathy Muholan , Macneal Peter , Jell Gavin , Hachach‐Haram Nadine , Mann Haroon , Mosahebi Ash 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic, nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are increasing in prevalence and are often unresponsive to conventional therapy. Adipose tissue, containing adipose‐derived stem cells, and platelet rich plasma (PRP) are regenerative therapies rich in growth factors which may provide a solution to chronic wound healing. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the efficacy of these therapies for the treatment of DFU. This was a single centre, feasibility, three‐arm, parallel group RCT. Eligible DFU patients were randomised on a 1:1:1 basis to three intervention arms: control (podiatry); fat grafting; fat grafting with PRP. The intervention was delivered once and patients were followed‐up for 12 weeks. The primary objective was to assess measures of trial feasibility. Clinical outcomes and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were also evaluated. Three hundred and thirty four patients were screened and 32 patients (9.6%) were deemed eligible with 18 enrolled in the trial (6 per arm) over 17 months. All participants completed the trial with no withdrawals or crossover. Participant engagement was high with most HRQoL questionnaires returned and only 4.8% follow‐up appointments missed. There were five adverse events (AEs) related to the trial with no serious AEs. Five (28%) of the wounds healed. There was no difference between any of the groups in terms of clinical outcomes. This feasibility study demonstrated that a multi‐centre RCT is safe and feasible with excellent patient engagement. We have highlighted crucial information regarding methodology and recruitment, which will guide future trial design. Registration number: NCT03085550 clinicaltrials.gov. Registered 01/03/2017.
The effect of transcutaneous application of gaseous CO2 on diabetic chronic wound healing—A double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Macura Milos , Ban Frangez Helena , Cankar Ksenija , Finžgar Miha , Frangez Igor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic wounds in diabetics are difficult to treat, therefore, adjuvant therapies have been investigated. Bathing in CO2‐rich water (spa therapy) has been known in Europe for decades for its positive effect on peripheral vascular disorders. Recently, much effort has been invested in developing optimal application methods of CO2. Uses include subcutaneous injections of CO2, bathing in CO2‐enriched water, and transcutaneous application of CO2. To verify the effect of transcutaneous application of gaseous CO2 on the healing of chronic diabetic wounds, a randomized double‐blind clinical research was designed. The research included 30 and 27 wounds in the study and control groups, respectively. In addition to standard treatment, patients in the study group received 20 therapies with medical‐grade CO2 gas and the control group received the same treatment with air. Results showed significantly faster healing in the study group: 20 of the 30 wounds in the study group were healed compared with none in the control group. Mean wound surface and volume in the study group was reduced significantly (surface: 96%, P = .001, volume: 99%, P = .003) compared with a small reduction in the control group (surface: 25%, P = .383, volume: 27%, P = .178). Considering our results, transcutaneous application of gaseous CO2 is an effective adjuvant therapy in diabetic chronic wound treatment.
Metastability, tetragonality and quadrupolar glass states in cubic stabilized zirconia
Authors: Sellar Jeffrey R. , Chen Chris Yu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor cubic lime‐stabilized and yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramic alloys the temperatures at which the onset of metastability and a sharp reduction in ionic conductivity occur are observed to coincide, appearing at approximately 1000°C and 650°C respectively. This behavior is attributed to the development of quadrupolar (orientational) glass states in each alloy below its transition temperature. We suggest that several other unexplained phenomena including tetragonal distortion in these cubic phases may also be understood by reference to the alloys' crystalline structures, which differ slightly. At equilibrium, each possesses a random two‐component crystalline constitution, one component of which is a low‐symmetry quadrupole intergrown with the other and capable of switching its unique axis in a small number of different directions. The quadrupoles interact, thereby imparting a disordered stress on the other component in the lattice. Such a structure is identifiable as a quadrupolar glass, the elastic analog of a spin glass.
Spirulina platensis alleviates chronic inflammation with modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in rats fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Yu Ting , Wang Yan , Chen Xiaosu , Xiong Wenjie , Tang Yurong , Lin Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent research suggested that taking a high‐fat diet (HFD) may lead to a gut microbiota imbalance and colon tissue damage. This would lead to increased intestinal permeability and consequent constant circulation of low‐grade inflammatory cytokines. Spirulina platensis can protect against HFD‐induced metabolic inflammation and can stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in in vitro stool cultures. However, it is unknown whether this beneficial effect acts on intestinal tissues. In this study, rats were fed a high‐fat diet fed with 3% S platensis for 14 weeks. We analysed endotoxin, the composition of the microbiota, inflammation and gut permeability. We found that S platensis decreased the bodyweight and visceral fat pads weight of the HFD‐fed rats. In addition, it lowered the levels of lipopolysaccharide and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in serum. Our results showed that S platensis could largely reduce the relative amount of Proteobacteria and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in faecal samples from HFD‐fed rats. S platensis significantly reduced intestinal inflammation, as shown by decreased expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF‐κB (p65) and inflammatory cytokines. S platensis also ameliorated the increased permeability and decreased expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal mucosa, such as ZO‐1, Occludin and Claudin‐1. Therefore, in HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis rats, S platensis benefits health by inhibiting chronic inflammation and gut dysbiosis, and modulating gut permeability.
Metabolic syndrome coexists with adult Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis: A case report
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Pan Xin , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLéri–Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) is usually caused by haploinsufficiency of the short stature homeobox‐containing gene (SHOX). The clinical manifestation of this disease is a classic triad, which are short stature, mesomelia and Madelung deformity. LWD also includes other features, such as high body mass index. Short stature and high body mass index are risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease; however, LWD combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome have not been described in the literature. In this article, we report a case of LWD caused by an M1T mutation of the start codon of the SHOX gene. The patient also had type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is suggested that patients with LWD should be identified promptly, and the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular disease should be taken into consideration in patients with LWD.
In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles against major fish pathogens and their cytotoxicity to fish cell lines
Authors: Ahmed Fatma , Soliman Faiza M. , Adly Mohamed A. , Soliman Hamdy A.M. , El‐Matbouli Mansour , Saleh Mona 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is an emerging avenue employed in disease prevention and treatment. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) against major bacterial and oomycete fish pathogens in comparison with chitosan suspension. Initially, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC, MIC90) were determined and the per cent inhibition of bacterial growth was calculated. Subsequently, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined. The time‐dependent disruptions of CSNP‐treated pathogens were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the effect of CSNPs on the viability of two fish cell lines was assessed. No antimicrobial effect was observed with chitosan, while CSNPs (105 nm) exhibited a dose‐dependent and species‐specific antimicrobial properties. They were bactericidal against seven bacterial isolates recording MBC values from 1 to 7 mg/ml, bacteriostatic against four further isolates recording MIC values from 0.125 to 5 mg/ml and fungistatic against oomycetes recording MIC90 values of 3 and 4 mg/ml. TEM micrographs showed the attachment of CSNPs to the pathogenic cell membranes disrupting their integrity. No significant cytotoxicity was observed using 1 mg/ml CSNPs, while low dose‐dependent cytotoxicity was elicited by the higher doses. Therefore, it is anticipated that CSNPs are able to compete and reduce using antibiotics in aquaculture.
Inactivation of Piscine orthoreovirus
Authors: Wessel Øystein , Hansen Elisabeth F. , Løvoll Marie , Inami Makoto , Husby Asbjørn , Kruse Gesa , Dahle Maria K. , Rimstad Espen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPiscine orthoreovirus infects various salmonid fish species, and the infection is associated with diseases such as heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). There are no vaccines available or genetically selected resistant hosts that can efficiently control piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection. Currently, the only prophylactic measure against PRV is general biosecurity measures aiming to break the transmission cycle. Methods to eradicate infectious virus from contaminated facilities are desirable, but the knowledge on how to inactivate PRV is lacking. A major bottleneck for inactivation studies is the lack of ability to propagate PRV in cell culture. Therefore, in this study we developed an in vivo model for detection of infectious PRV particles after treatment of the virus with inactivation tools such as heat, pH, iodine, UV and commercially available disinfectants. The results show that standard iodine treatment is efficient in inactivation of the virus, and similarly are high and low pH extremes and treatment with Virocid, a commercially available disinfectant. A UV dose of at least 50 mJ/cm2 is required for inactivation, and the virus has high resistance against heat treatment.
Identification of Sarcopenia Components That Discriminate Slow Walking Speed: A Pooled Data Analysis
Authors: Manini Todd M. , Patel Sheena M. , Newman Anne B. , Travison Thomas G. , Kiel Douglas P. , Shardell Michelle D. , Pencina Karol M. , Wilson Kevin E. , Kelly Thomas L. , Massaro Joseph M. , Fielding Roger A. , Magaziner Jay , Correa‐de‐Araujo Rosaly , Kwok Timothy C.Y. , Hirani Vasant , Karlsson Magnus K. , DʼAgostino Ralph B. , Mellström Dan , Ohlsson Claes , Ribom Eva , Jordan Joanne M. , Bhasin Shalender , Cawthon Peggy M. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUNDThe Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) sought to identify cut points for muscle strength and body composition measures derived from dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) that discriminate older adults with slow walking speed. This article presents the core analyses used to guide the SDOC position statements.DESIGNCross‐sectional data analyses of pooled data.SETTINGUniversity‐based research assessment centers.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling men (n = 13,652) and women: (n = 5,115) with information on lean mass by DXA, grip strength (GR), and walking speed.MEASUREMENTSThirty‐five candidate sarcopenia variables were entered into sex‐stratified classification and regression tree (CART) models to agnostically choose variables and cut points that discriminate slow walkers (<0.80 m/s). Models with alternative walking speed outcomes were also evaluated (<0.60 and <1.0 m/s and walking speed treated continuously).RESULTSCART models identified GR/body mass index (GRBMI) and GR/total body fat (GRTBF) as the primary discriminating variables for slowness in men and women, respectively. Men with GRBMI of 1.05 kg/kg/m2 or less were approximately four times more likely to be slow walkers than those with GRBMI of greater than 1.05 kg/kg/m2. Women with GRTBF of less than 0.65 kg/kg were twice as likely to be slow walkers than women with GRTBF of 0.65 kg/kg or greater. Models with alternative walking speed outcomes selected only functions of GR as primary discriminators of slowness in both men and women. DXA‐derived lean mass measures did not consistently discriminate slow walkers.CONCLUSIONGR with and without adjustments for body size and composition consistently discriminated older adults with slowness. CART models did not select DXA‐based lean mass as a primary discriminator of slowness. These results were presented to an SDOC Consensus Panel, who used them and other information to develop the SDOC Position Statements. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1419‐1428, 2020.
Application of Cut‐Points for Low Muscle Strength and Lean Mass in Mobility‐Limited Older Adults
Authors: Grosicki Gregory J. , Travison Thomas G. , Zhu Hao , Magaziner Jay , Binder Ellen F. , Pahor Marco , Correa‐de‐Araujo Rosaly , Cawthon Peggy M. , Bhasin Shalender , Orwig Denise , Greenspan Susan , Manini Todd , Massaro Joe , Santanasto Adam , Patel Sheena , Fielding Roger A. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUNDThe Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) is a collaborative initiative seeking to develop and evaluate cut‐points for low muscle strength and lean mass that predict an increased risk for slowness (usual walking speed <.8 m/s) among older adults.OBJECTIVESThe goal of the present study was to provide clinicians and researchers with an understanding of the diagnostic implications of using SDOC variables and cut‐points in mobility‐limited older adults. Using data from older individuals with specific conditions that render them at increased risk for mobility limitation, we evaluated the performance characteristics (ie, sensitivity and specificity) of five putative sarcopenia parameters and then compared these values with previously recommended diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.DESIGNRetrospective analysis of six randomized controlled trials enriched in persons at risk for mobility limitation.SETTINGNational and international geriatric clinical research centers.PARTICIPANTSA total of 925 mobility‐limited older adults (≥55 years of age; 58% women) were included in the analysis.MEASUREMENTSThe prevalence of low muscle strength and lean mass were assessed using five candidate metrics discriminative of slowness. Analyses of sensitivity and specificity were used to compare muscle weakness criteria with published diagnostics for sarcopenia.RESULTSOdds ratios (ORs) supported maximal grip strength (Grip max <35.5 and 20.0 in men and women, respectively) as the most discriminative of slowness in both men and women (OR = 3.66 and 3.53, respectively). More men (58%) than women (30%) fell below sex‐specific maximal grip cut‐points. When applying previously recommended sarcopenia component definitions in our population, we found that fewer individuals met those criteria (range = 6%‐32%).CONCLUSIONA greater number of individuals fall below SDOC Grip max cut‐points compared with previous recommendations. Clinicians and researchers working with older adults may consider these thresholds as an inclusive means to identify candidates for low‐risk lifestyle promyogenic and function‐promoting therapies. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1445‐1453, 2020.
The Diverse Implementation of Geriatrics‐Orthopedics Comanagement Programs in the United States
Authors: Rogers Stephanie E. , Ko Jocelyn S. , McNicoll Lynn , Mendelson Daniel Ari 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUNDMany health systems are establishing geriatrics‐orthopedics (Geri‐Ortho) comanagement programs; however, there is paucity of published information on existing programs' variations in clinical operations, structure, and reported implementation challenges and perceived successes.OBJECTIVEOur objective was to obtain detailed information about the variety of existing Geri‐Ortho comanagement programs in the United States.DESIGN/PARTICPANTSWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 44 existing Geri‐Ortho comanagement programs, with 23 (52%) of programs responding.MEASUREMENTQuantitative questions were used to assess operational, staffing, and financial structures; and qualitative questions were used to identify reported challenges and perceived successes of implementation.RESULTSPrograms self‐identified as urban (n = 23), academic (n = 20), or nonprofit (n = 22) and as having a level I trauma center (n = 17). Most programs (n = 18) were funded fully by the institution. Fourteen programs used geriatricians, and nine used medicine/hospitalists as the supporting clinical service, whereas approximately half (n = 11) used these services in a true comanagement model. Six universal themes were identified as necessary for program implementation. The most commonly described successes perceived by all respondents were improvements in clinical outcomes and better interdisciplinary relationships. Reported challenges included difficulty in interdisciplinary geriatrics education, difficulty in adherence to protocols, and lack of funding for staffing.CONCLUSIONSThere are diverse types of Geri‐Ortho comanagement programs in the United States, although universal elements exist. Many had similar challenges in implementation, and further studies are needed to determine which implementation elements are critical to clinical and financial outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1714‐1719, 2020.