bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and cohort study finds no association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Keddie Stephen , Pakpoor Julia , Mousele Christina , Pipis Menelaos , Machado Pedro M , Foster Mark , Record Christopher J , Keh Ryan Y S , Fehmi Janev , Paterson Ross W , Bharambe Viraj , Clayton Lisa M , Allen Claire , Price Olivia , Wall Jasmine , Kiss-Csenki Annamaria , Rathnasabapathi Devi Priya , Geraldes Ruth , Yermakova Tatyana , King-Robson Joshua , Zosmer Maya , Rajakulendran Sanjeev , Sumaria Sheetal , Farmer Simon F , Nortley Ross , Marshall Charles R , Newman Edward J , Nirmalananthan Niranjanan , Kumar Guru , Pinto Ashwin A , Holt James , Lavin Tim M , Brennan Kathryn M , Zandi Michael S , Jayaseelan Dipa L , Pritchard Jane , Hadden Robert D M , Manji Hadi , Willison Hugh J , Rinaldi Simon , Carr Aisling S , Lunn Michael P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have emerged during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This epidemiological and cohort study sought to investigate any causative association between COVID-19 infection and GBS. The epidemiology of GBS cases reported to the UK National Immunoglobulin Database was studied from 2016 to 2019 and compared to cases reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were stratified by hospital trust and region, with numbers of reported cases per month. UK population data for COVID-19 infection were collated from UK public health bodies. In parallel, but separately, members of the British Peripheral Nerve Society prospectively reported incident cases of GBS during the pandemic at their hospitals to a central register. The clinical features, investigation findings and outcomes of COVID-19 (definite or probable) and non-COVID-19 associated GBS cases in this cohort were compared. The incidence of GBS treated in UK hospitals from 2016 to 2019 was 1.65–1.88 per 100 000 individuals per year. GBS incidence fell between March and May 2020 compared to the same months of 2016–19. GBS and COVID-19 incidences during the pandemic also varied between regions and did not correlate with one another (r = 0.06, 95% confidence interval: −0.56 to 0.63, P = 0.86). In the independent cohort study, 47 GBS cases were reported (COVID-19 status: 13 definite, 12 probable, 22 non-COVID-19). There were no significant differences in the pattern of weakness, time to nadir, neurophysiology, CSF findings or outcome between these groups. Intubation was more frequent in the COVID-19 affected cohort (7/13, 54% versus 5/22, 23% in COVID-19-negative) attributed to COVID-19 pulmonary involvement. Although it is not possible to entirely rule out the possibility of a link, this study finds no epidemiological or phenotypic clues of SARS-CoV-2 being causative of GBS. GBS incidence has fallen during the pandemic, which may be the influence of lockdown measures reducing transmission of GBS inducing pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni and respiratory viruses.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in New York City: A Population-Level Analysis of Linked Surveillance Data
Authors: Braunstein Sarah L , Lazar Rachael , Wahnich Amanda , Daskalakis Demetre C , Blackstock Oni J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
New York City (NYC) was hard-hit by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and is also home to a large population of people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH).

Methods
We matched laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case and death data reported to the NYC Health Department as of 2 June 2020 against the NYC HIV surveillance registry. We describe and compare the characteristics and COVID-19–related outcomes of PWH diagnosed with COVID-19 with all NYC PWH and with all New Yorkers diagnosed with COVID-19.

Results
Through 2 June, 204 583 NYC COVID-19 cases were reported. The registry match identified 2410 PWH with diagnosed COVID-19 eligible for analysis (1.06% of all COVID-19 cases). Compared with all NYC PWH and all New Yorkers diagnosed with COVID-19, a higher proportion of PWH with COVID-19 were older, male, Black, or Latino, and living in high-poverty neighborhoods. At least 1 underlying condition was reported for 58.9% of PWH with COVID-19. Compared with all NYC COVID-19 cases, a higher proportion of PWH with COVID-19 experienced hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and/or death; most PWH who experienced poor COVID-19–related outcomes had CD4 &lt;500 cells/µL.

Conclusions
Given NYC HIV prevalence is 1.5%, PWH were not overrepresented among COVID-19 cases. However, compared with NYC COVID-19 cases overall, a greater proportion of PWH had adverse COVID-19–related outcomes, perhaps because of a higher prevalence of factors associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Given the pandemic’s exacerbating effects on health inequities, HIV public health and clinical communities must strengthen services and support for people living with and affected by HIV.
Detecting Cognitive Features of Videos Using EEG Signal
Authors: Qananwah Qasem , Alqudah Ali Mohammad , Alodat Moh’d , Dagamseh Ahmad , Hayden Oliver 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) emerged as a highly relevant signal to human emotion, brain diagnosing and brain–computer interfaces (BCI) applications. In this paper, the EEG signal is used to evaluate the cognitive response of subjects during watching test video clips. The measurements are performed with 25 subjects using eight channels while simultaneously running the video clips. The β and γ waves of the EEG signal are used to extract the features that represent the evoked activity in each group of frames using the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) technique. Significant EEG patterns are derived from the time-correlated measurements, which can be related to the subjects’ interests. In addition, the conjunctions that represent the occurrence of segments-of-interest in more than one channel are determined. The results show that ~15% of the segments attracted the attention of the viewers in each test video clip. Such a technique can potentially be implemented in neuromarketing analysis or to develop a new video compression technique that depends on the human cognitive system.
Does community-based health insurance improve access to care in sub-Saharan Africa? A rapid review
Authors: Artignan Juliette , Bellanger Martine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In sub-Saharan African countries, out-of-pocket payments can be a major barrier to accessing appropriate healthcare services. Community-based health insurance (CBHI) has emerged as a context-appropriate risk-pooling mechanism to provide some financial protection to populations without access to formal health insurance. The aim of this rapid review was to examine the peer-reviewed literature on the impact of CBHI on the use of healthcare services as well as its capacity to improve equity in the use of healthcare between different socio-economic groups. A systematic search of three electronic databases (Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Littérature en Santé) was performed. Data were extracted on scheme and study characteristics, as well as the impact of the schemes on relevant outcomes. Sixteen publications met the inclusion criteria, studying schemes from seven different countries. They provide strong evidence that community-based health insurance can contribute to improving access to outpatient care and weak evidence that they improve access to inpatient care. There was low evidence on their capacity to improve equity in access to healthcare among insured members. In the absence of sufficient public spending for healthcare, such schemes may be able to provide some valuable benefits for communities with limited access to primary-level care in sub-Saharan Africa. The overall high risk of bias of the studies and the wide existing variety of insurance arrangements suggest caution in generalizing these results. These findings need to be validated and further developed by rigorous studies.
Treatment for bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction using phrenic nerve reconstruction and diaphragm pacemakers
Authors: Kaufman Matthew R , Bauer Thomas , Onders Raymond P , Brown David P , Chang Eric I , Rossi Kristie , Elkwood Andrew I , Paulin Ethan , Jarrahy Reza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction results in severe dyspnoea, usually requiring oxygen therapy and nocturnal ventilatory support. Although treatment options are limited, phrenic nerve reconstruction (PR) offers the opportunity to restore functional activity. This study aims to evaluate combination treatment with PR and placement of a diaphragm pacemaker (DP) compared to DP placement alone in patients with bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction.

METHODS
Patients with bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction were prospectively enrolled in the following treatment algorithm: Unilateral PR was performed on the more severely impacted side with bilateral DP implantation. Motor amplitudes, ultrasound measurements of diaphragm thickness, maximal inspiratory pressure, forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity and subjective patient-reported outcomes were obtained for retrospective analysis following completion of the prospective database.

RESULTS
Fourteen male patients with bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction confirmed on chest fluoroscopy and electrodiagnostic testing were included. All 14 patients required nocturnal ventilator support, and 8/14 (57.1%) were oxygen-dependent. All patients reported subjective improvement, and all 8 oxygen-dependent patients were able to discontinue oxygen therapy following treatment. Improvements in maximal inspiratory pressure, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume were 68%, 47% and 53%, respectively. There was an average improvement of 180% in motor amplitude and a 50% increase in muscle thickness. Comparison of motor amplitude changes revealed significantly greater functional recovery on the PR + DP side.

CONCLUSIONS
PR and simultaneous implantation of a DP may restore functional activity and alleviate symptoms in patients with bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction. PR plus diaphragm pacing appear to result in greater functional muscle recovery than pacing alone.
Time-dependent acoustic scattering from generalized impedance boundary conditions via boundary elements and convolution quadrature
Authors: Banjai Lehel , Lubich Christian , Nick Jörg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Generalized impedance boundary conditions are effective approximate boundary conditions that describe scattering of waves in situations where the wave interaction with the material involves multiple scales. In particular, this includes materials with a thin coating (with the thickness of the coating as the small scale) and strongly absorbing materials. For the acoustic scattering from generalized impedance boundary conditions, the approach taken here first determines the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary data from a system of time-dependent boundary integral equations with the usual boundary integral operators, and then the scattered wave is obtained from the Kirchhoff representation. The system of time-dependent boundary integral equations is discretized by boundary elements in space and convolution quadrature in time. The well-posedness of the problem and the stability of the numerical discretization rely on the coercivity of the Calderón operator for the Helmholtz equation with frequencies in a complex half-plane. Convergence of optimal order in the natural norms is proved for the full discretization. Numerical experiments illustrate the behaviour of the proposed numerical method.
A framework for making predictive models useful in practice
Authors: Jung Kenneth , Kashyap Sehj , Avati Anand , Harman Stephanie , Shaw Heather , Li Ron , Smith Margaret , Shum Kenny , Javitz Jacob , Vetteth Yohan , Seto Tina , Bagley Steven C , Shah Nigam H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To analyze the impact of factors in healthcare delivery on the net benefit of triggering an Advanced Care Planning (ACP) workflow based on predictions of 12-month mortality.

Materials and Methods
We built a predictive model of 12-month mortality using electronic health record data and evaluated the impact of healthcare delivery factors on the net benefit of triggering an ACP workflow based on the models’ predictions. Factors included nonclinical reasons that make ACP inappropriate: limited capacity for ACP, inability to follow up due to patient discharge, and availability of an outpatient workflow to follow up on missed cases. We also quantified the relative benefits of increasing capacity for inpatient ACP versus outpatient ACP.

Results
Work capacity constraints and discharge timing can significantly reduce the net benefit of triggering the ACP workflow based on a model’s predictions. However, the reduction can be mitigated by creating an outpatient ACP workflow. Given limited resources to either add capacity for inpatient ACP versus developing outpatient ACP capability, the latter is likely to provide more benefit to patient care.

Discussion
The benefit of using a predictive model for identifying patients for interventions is highly dependent on the capacity to execute the workflow triggered by the model. We provide a framework for quantifying the impact of healthcare delivery factors and work capacity constraints on achieved benefit.

Conclusion
An analysis of the sensitivity of the net benefit realized by a predictive model triggered clinical workflow to various healthcare delivery factors is necessary for making predictive models useful in practice.
Pleistocene Ice Ages Created New Evolutionary Lineages, but Limited Speciation in Northeast Pacific Winged Kelp
Authors: Grant W Stewart , Bringloe Trevor T 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe extent that Pleistocene climate variability promoted speciation has been much debated. Here, we surveyed genetic markers in winged kelp Alaria in the Gulf of Alaska, Northeast Pacific Ocean to understand how paleoclimates may have influenced diversity in this kelp. The study included wide geographic sampling over 2800 km and large sample sizes compared to previous studies of this kelp. Mitochondrial 5′-COI (664 bp), plastid rbcL-3′ (740 bp) and 8 microsatellite markers in 16 populations resolved 5 well-defined lineages. COI-rbcL haplotypes were distributed chaotically among populations around the Gulf of Alaska. Principal Coordinates Analysis of microsatellite genotypes grouped plants largely by organellar lineage instead of geography, indicating reproductive isolation among lineages. However, microsatellite markers detected hybrids at 3 sites where lineages co-occurred. Local adaptation on various time scales may be responsible for some genetic differences between populations located along wave-energy and salinity gradients, but the chaotic pattern of variability over hundreds of kilometers is likely due to isolations in northern refugia during Pleistocene ice ages. The range of divergences between populations indicates that episodic glaciations led to the creation of new lineages, but population turnover (local extinctions and recolonizations) limited the formation of new species in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Mouse Hair Significantly Lightened Through Replacement of the Cysteine Residue in the N-Terminal Domain of Mc1r Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Suzuki Hitoshi , Kinoshita Gohta , Tsunoi Takeru , Noju Koki , Araki Kimi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA loss-of-function mutation in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene (MC1R), which switches off the eumelanin production, causes yellowish coat color variants in mammals. In a wild population of sables (Martes zibellina) in Hokkaido, Japan, the mutation responsible for a bright yellow coat color variant was inferred to be a cysteine replacement at codon 35 of the N-terminal extracellular domain of the Mc1r receptor. In the present study, we validated these findings by applying genome editing on Mc1r in mouse strains C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6N, altering the codon for cysteine (Cys33Phe). The resulting single amino acid substitution (Cys33Phe) and unintentionally generated frameshift mutations yielded a color variant exhibiting substantially brighter body color, indicating that the Cys35 replacement produced sufficient MC1R loss of function to confirm that this mutation is responsible for producing the Hokkaido sable yellow color variant. Notably, the yellowish mutant mouse phenotype exhibited brown coloration in subapical hair on the dorsal side in both the C3H/HeJ and C57BL/6N strains, despite the inability of the latter to produce the agouti signaling protein (Asip). This darker hair and body coloration was not apparent in the Hokkaido sable variant, implying the presence of an additional genetic system shaping yellowish hair variability.
Habitat suitability modeling based on remote sensing to realize time synchronization of species and environmental variables
Authors: Wang Da-Ju , Wei Hai-Yan , Zhang Xu-Hui , Fang Ya-Qin , Gu Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Remote sensing (RS) is a technical method for effectively capturing real-world data on a large scale. We aimed to (i) realize the time synchronization of species and environmental variables, and extract variables related to the actual growth of species based on RS in habitat suitability modeling, and (ii) provide a reference for species management.

Methods
Taking invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia in China as an example for habitat suitability modeling. Temperature and precipitation variables were calculated from the land surface temperature provided by the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and climate station data, respectively. Besides, other variables that directly affect the growth or reproduction of A. artemisiifolia were also included, such as the relative humidity of the previous year’s flowering period (RHPFP), and the effective UV irradiance reaching the Earth’s surface (UVI). The random forest method was selected to model the habitat suitability. The environmental variables and samples were divided into four-time periods (i.e. 1990–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010 and 2011–2016) based on sampling time. Variables from the long-time series of RS (1990–2016) and WorldClim (1960–1990) were also modeled.

Important Findings
It was feasible to extract environmental variables from RS for habitat suitability modeling, and was more accurate than that based on the variables from WorldClim. The potential distribution of A. artemisiifolia in 1990–2000 and 2006–2010 was smaller than that in 2001–2005 and 2011–2016. The precipitation of driest months (bio14), precipitation coefficient of variation (bio15), RHPFP and UVI were the important environmental variables that affect the growth and reproduction of A. artemisiifolia. The results indicated that the time synchronization of species and environmental variables improved the prediction accuracy of A. artemisiifolia, which should be considered in habitat suitability modeling (especially for annual species). This study can provide an important reference for the management and prevention of the spread of A. artemisiifolia.
Cosmic ray driven outflows to Mpc scales from L* galaxies
Authors: Hopkins Philip F , Chan T K , Ji Suoqing , Hummels Cameron B , Kereš Dušan , Quataert Eliot , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the effects of cosmic rays (CRs) on outflows from star-forming galaxies in the circum and intergalactic medium (CGM/IGM), in high-resolution, fully cosmological FIRE-2 simulations (accounting for mechanical and radiative stellar feedback, magnetic fields, anisotropic conduction/viscosity/CR diffusion and streaming, and CR losses). We showed previously that massive ($M_{\rm halo}\gtrsim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$), low-redshift (z ≲ 1–2) haloes can have CR pressure dominate over thermal CGM pressure and balance gravity, giving rise to a cooler CGM with an equilibrium density profile. This dramatically alters outflows. Absent CRs, high gas thermal pressure in massive haloes ‘traps’ galactic outflows near the disc, so they recycle. With CRs injected in supernovae as modelled here, the low-pressure halo allows ‘escape’ and CR pressure gradients continuously accelerate this material well into the IGM in ‘fast’ outflows, while lower-density gas at large radii is accelerated in situ into ‘slow’ outflows that extend to &gt;Mpc scales. CGM/IGM outflow morphologies are radically altered: they become mostly volume-filling (with inflow in a thin mid-plane layer) and coherently biconical from the disc to &gt;Mpc. The CR-driven outflows are primarily cool ($T\sim \! 10^{5}\,$ K) and low velocity. All of these effects weaken and eventually vanish at lower halo masses ($\lesssim 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) or higher redshifts (z ≳ 1–2), reflecting the ratio of CR to thermal + gravitational pressure in the outer halo. We present a simple analytical model that explains all of the above phenomena. We caution that these predictions may depend on uncertain CR transport physics.
A Spitzer survey of Deep Drilling Fields to be targeted by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Authors: Lacy M , Surace J A , Farrah D , Nyland K , Afonso J , Brandt W N , Clements D L , Lagos C D P , Maraston C , Pforr J , Sajina A , Sako M , Vaccari M , Wilson G , Ballantyne D R , Barkhouse W A , Brunner R , Cane R , Clarke T E , Cooper M , Cooray A , Covone G , D’Andrea C , Evrard A E , Ferguson H C , Frieman J , Gonzalez-Perez V , Gupta R , Hatziminaoglou E , Huang J , Jagannathan P , Jarvis M J , Jones K M , Kimball A , Lidman C , Lubin L , Marchetti L , Martini P , McMahon R G , Mei S , Messias H , Murphy E J , Newman J A , Nichol R , Norris R P , Oliver S , Perez-Fournon I , Peters W M , Pierre M , Polisensky E , Richards G T , Ridgway S E , Röttgering H J A , Seymour N , Shirley R , Somerville R , Strauss M A , Suntzeff N , Thorman P A , van Kampen E , Verma A , Wechsler R , Wood-Vasey W M 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will observe several Deep Drilling Fields (DDFs) to a greater depth and with a more rapid cadence than the main survey. In this paper, we describe the ‘DeepDrill’ survey, which used the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) to observe three of the four currently defined DDFs in two bands, centred on 3.6 and 4.5 μm. These observations expand the area that was covered by an earlier set of observations in these three fields by the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (SERVS). The combined DeepDrill and SERVS data cover the footprints of the LSST DDFs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field–South (ECDFS) field, the ELAIS-S1 field (ES1), and the XMM-Large-Scale Structure Survey field (XMM-LSS). The observations reach an approximate 5σ point-source depth of 2 μJy (corresponding to an AB magnitude of 23.1; sufficient to detect a 10$^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ galaxy out to z ≈ 5) in each of the two bands over a total area of $\approx 29\,$ deg2. The dual-band catalogues contain a total of 2.35 million sources. In this paper, we describe the observations and data products from the survey, and an overview of the properties of galaxies in the survey. We compare the source counts to predictions from the Shark semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We also identify a population of sources with extremely red ([3.6]−[4.5] &gt;1.2) colours which we show mostly consists of highly obscured active galactic nuclei.