bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D3 supplementation in controlling metabolic changes associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Authors: Han Hongmei , Song Xiangzhun , Cui Minghua , You Xi , Piao Xixu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Supplementation with vitamin D3 was previously demonstrated to have a number of positive effects in models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, metabolic changes associated with vitamin D3 supplementation in rats kept on choline-deficient (CD) diet were studied. Methods Animals were randomly assigned into three groups: a control group (CG, n = 5) with adequate level of dietary choline content, a CD group (CDG, n = 5) which was kept on CD-diet, and a vitamin D3 supplementation group (CDVDG, n = 15) with CD-diet plus IP vitamin D3 injection. To explore the effects of different vitamin D3 doses on the progression of NASH, the animals in CDVDG group were randomly assigned into three subgroups with the vitamin D3 dosage of 1, 5, or 10 µg/kg of body weight administered IP twice a week (CDVDG1, CDVDG5 and CDVDG10, respectively). Results After 12 weeks of the experiment period, as compared with the CG, the CDG had an increase in the serum fasting insulin (29.50±0.34 mU/L vs 26.49±0.76 mU/L, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index) (11.07±0.20 vs 9.07±0.34, p < 0.05) and leptin (569.71±38.97 ng/L vs 408.24±43.71 ng/L, p < 0.01), with no significant difference in the serum fasting blood glucose (8.44±0.11 mM vs 7.70±0.22 mM, p = 0.07). As compared with the CDG, the CDVDG had significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (CDVDG5: 7.70±0.03 mM vs 8.44±0.11 mM, p < 0.05), fasting insulin (CDVDG1, 5, 10 vs CDG: 27.20±0.91 μIU/mL, 22.94±0.90 μIU/mL, 21.47±0.77 μIU/mL vs 29.50±0.34 μIU/mL, respectively, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01), HOMA-IR (CDVDG5, 10 vs CDG: 7.85±0.32, 7.56±0.59 vs 11.07±0.20, respectively, p<0.01, p<0.05) and leptin (CDVDG5 vs CDG: 445.87±14.98 ng/L vs 569.71±38.97 ng/L, p<0.05) (Fig. 1). In addition, serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin levels in the CDVDG were significantly decreased upon treatment with vitamin D3 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions These results show that vitamin D3 supplementation could effectively control the critical metabolic parameters known to be affected by NASH. The findings suggest that VD3 supplementation could be an effective measure for the treatment of patients with clinical NASH.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor deficiency attenuates kidney Injury by downregulating cytokines via CYR61 in lupus-prone mice induced by pristane.
Authors: Tu Yang , Wang Baoxiang , Wang Suli , Fan Chaofan , Meng Xinyu , Leng Lin , Bucala Richard , Li Jia , Lu Liangjing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious manifestations of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and accounts for significant mortality and morbidity. Previous research has demonstrated that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, but the detailed mechanism is not elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the pathogenesis of MIF in lupus nephritis with the pristane-induced mouse model of SLE. Methods Mif-/- mice and Wild type mice in the C57BL/6 (B6) background were used to induce Lupus model by pristane. 24 hour urine and sera were collected in the sixth month and mice were sacrificed to harvest tissues. Serum ANA, anti-dsDNA antibodies, C3, urinary creatinine and albumin were detected by ELISA. Related inflammatory cytokines were detected by Bio-Plex Pro™ assays and ELISA. CYR61 mRNA expression was detected by RT-qPCR and CYR61 protein expression were detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of MIF, ICs and C3 deposition and related cytokines expression in the kidneys. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect macrophage infiltration and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were used for kidney histology. The Mann-Whitney test and Student’s t test were used to compare multiple group differences. The correlation were analyzed by Spearman correlation. Results Mif -/- mice with pristane-induced SLE have less inflammatory cytokines expression in sera. The Mif-/- mice have reduced renal injury, less macrophage infiltration, CYR61 and inflammatory cytokines expression in the kidneys. MIF induced the expression of CYR61, which can induce the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in a cell-based assay. Conclusions The results suggest that MIF plays an important role in kidney injury by inducing macrophages infiltration and inflammatory cytokines expression in situ. Our finding support the pathogenic contribution of high expression MIF alleles in SLE and suggest that MIF antagonism might offer an effective therapeutic option in lupus nephritis.
Cardiac troponin I predicts clinical outcome of patients with cancer at emergency department
Authors: PARK SOO HYUN , Kang Eun-Jin , Park Jong Eun , Song Minseok , Kim Taerim , Cha Won Cul , Yoon Hee , Hwang Sung Yeon , Shin Tae Gun , Sim Min Seob , Jo IkJoon , Lee Seung-Hwa , Park Hyung-Doo , Choi Jin-Ho 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Cardiac troponin I has been shown its prognostic ability in general population or cardiovascular disease but not yet in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic implication of cardiac troponin in cancer patients visiting emergency department. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, cancer patients visiting emergency department were enrolled. Patients with previously known coronary artery disease or clinically indicated coronary angiography were not included. The maximal value of Siemens ADVIA Centaur troponin I Ultra assay (TnI) within 24 hour were assessed. Primary endpoint was 180-day all-cause death that included cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death. Results A total of 9,135 patients (mean age 63 year, male gender 60%) were enrolled. The lowest (0.006 ng/ml), assay-specific <99 percentile (0.007-0.039 ng/ml), below median of ≥99 percentile (0.040-0.129 ng/ml), and above median of ≥99 percentile (≥0.130 ng/ml) TnI were found in 4,487 (49.1%), 3,158 (34.6%), 852 (9.3%), and 638 (7.0%) patients. There was 3,192 (34.9%) all-cause death including 137 (1.5%) cardiovascular and 3,047 (33.4%) non-cardiovascular death in the 180-day follow-up period. The risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and non-cardiovascular death increased across higher TnI strata (hazard ratio (HR)=1.3 to 2.9; 2.1 to 9.3; 1.3 to 1.8; p<0.001, all). These findings were consistent in clinical subgroups including solid and hematologic cancer. Conclusions Cancer patients visiting emergency department with elevated troponin I were at increased risk of 180-day death. Cancer patients with elevated TnI may need additional evaluation or careful follow-up even without diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.
Measuring Inclusive Growth in Nigeria: An Application of the Social Opportunity Function
Authors: Ajayi Patricia Iyore , Oburota Chukwuedo S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Inclusive growth, pro-poor growth and broad-based growth are all terms used to explain growth processes that enables the entire population including the poor to actively participate and benefit from the growth process. In the last two decades Nigeria’s GDP has averaged at about 7%, indicating a fast-growing economy. Despite having a high GDP growth rate, it has not translated to improved standard of living for majority of the people, rather the level of poverty is on the increase. Income inequality has also widened in the country. This clearly shows that increase in GDP alone is not a sufficient condition for reduction in poverty and inequality. In order to avoid the problem of unwanted labour reserves with high growth rate, it is important to make growth inclusive. This study utilised the opportunity index to analyse the growth and equity dimension of inclusive growth across the entire population distribution. Cross sectional data obtained from the General Household Survey (GHS) 2015, by the National Bureau of Statistics was used. This study revealed that inclusive growth was not achieved in the area of employment, provisions of health care in the private and rural health institutions, secondary and tertiary education.
Cathepsin-C (CTSC) Gene Mutations in Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome in India.
Authors: Kulkarni Suyamindra , Gai Prabhanjan P , Anehosur Gouri , Gai Pramod 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Papillion Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe early onset periodontopathia and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis leading to premature loss of both primary and permanent dentition. PLS is caused by mutations in cathepsin C (CTSC) gene. The prevalence being 1-4 per million individuals with a carrier rate of 2 to 4 per million with no sex prediction and no racial predominance, onethird of all reported cases having consanguineous parents. A major gene locus for PLS has been mapped on chromosome 11q14. Correlation of physical and genetic maps of this interval indicate it includes at least 40 ESTs and six known genes including the lysosomal protease CTSC gene. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from three families with a total of 14 members of which 7 with PLS and others as ethnically matched controls were studied. DNA was extracted and all the 7 exons of the CTSC gene amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. All the PCR amplicons were subjected to automated DNA sequencing for mutations analysis. Results: The mutation spectrum shows that, in exon 2, 5 and 6 only missense mutations and in exon 3 only frame shift insertion were observed. Hence the total number of mutations observed in this study are 6. Out of this 5 are missense mutations and 1 is a frame shift insertion. Conclusions: This study describes a novel mutation of the cathepsin C gene in an Indian population with Papillon-Lefévre syndrome.
Insights into wing dimorphism in the worldwide agricultural pest Aphis gossypii, the host-alternating aphid
Authors: Ji Jichao , Zhang Shuai , Huangfu Ningbo , Luo Junyu , Niu Lin , Gao Xueke , Cui Jinjie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Three wing morphs exists in the life cycle of the worldwide pest Aphis gossypii, i.e., wing parthenogenetic female (WPF), gynopara (GP) and male, which were produced mostly by crowding and host quality, photoperiod, loss of X chromosome, respectively. However, the shared molecular mechanism underlying their wing differentiation remains an enigma. Here we firstly induced gynoparae and males indoors and compared the characters of these wing morphs in body, internal genitals and fecundity. Then we identified the shared and separate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways potentially involved in the wing morphs regulation in WPF, GP and male compared to wingless parthenogenetic female (WLPF). Results: Newly-born nymphs reared in short photoperiod condition exclusively produce gynoparae and males in adulthood successively, in which the sex ratio is gynoparae biased. Compared with WLPF, three wing morphs have similar morphology in bodies but is obviously discriminated in the reproductive system and fecundity. Built upon our previous study, 37 090 annotated unigenes were obtained from libraries constructed by the four morphs above through RNA-sequencing, in which 10 867, 19 334 DEGs were identified in pairwise comparison of GP vs. WLPF, Male vs. WLPF, respectively. Furthermore, 2 335 shared DEGs including 1 658 up- and 677 downregulated were obtained in these wing morphs compared to WLPF. The 1 658 shared up-regulated DEGs were enriched in multiple signaling pathways including insulin, FoxO, MAPK, strarch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation which hint their key roles in the regulation of wing plasticity in cotton aphid. Gene expression levels were validated by using Pearson’s correlation (r) and potential roles of 15 DEGs related to the insulin signaling pathway in cotton wing dimorphism were discussed. Conclusions: The results of this study establish a solid foundation for deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying the switch between wingless and wing morphs in the cotton aphid and provide valuable resources for future research on the host-alternating aphid species.
An Investigation of the Expression of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Cell Receptor Gene ACE2 in a Wide Variety of Human Tissues
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Li Lin , Zhang Yue , Wang Xiaosheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has affected more than 72,000 people worldwide and caused more than 1,800 deaths so far. 2019-nCoV uses the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the cell receptor to invade the human host and primarily causes pneumonia. Thus, ACE2 is the key to understanding the mechanism of 2019-nCoV infection.Methods: We compared ACE2 expression levels across 31 human normal tissues, between males and females, and between younger (ages £ 49 years) and older (ages > 49 years) persons in these tissues. We also investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune signatures in various tissues.Results: ACE2 expression levels were the highest in small intestine, testis, kidney, heart, thyroid, and adipose tissue, and were the lowest in blood, spleen, bone marrow, brain, blood vessel, and muscle. In lungs, colon, liver, bladder, and adrenal gland, ACE2 showed the medium expression levels. ACE2 was not differentially expressed between males and females and between younger and older persons in any tissue. In skin, digestive system, brain, and blood vessel, ACE2 expression levels were positively associated with immune signatures in both males and females. In thyroid and lungs, ACE2 expression levels were positively and negatively associated with immune signatures in males and females, respectively.Conclusions: Our data provide potential cues for the 2019-nCoV epidemic may infect other tissues outside lungs, affect males and females and young and old persons equally, and old age and male are associated with higher mortality risk for 2019-nCoV infection.
CT Manifestations and Clinical Features of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infected by Cluster Transmission Within a Family: Case Report
Authors: Cao Jin-ming , Wu Yu-ping , Chen Tian-wu , Yang Li-qin , Zhang Xiao-ming , Mu Qi-wen , Li Hong-jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: In December 2019, a cluster of patients associated with a seafood wholesale market was confirmed having infected the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. As of Feb 11, 2020, 43144 cases of the 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed in the world, and person-to-person transmission has been recognized. To our knowledge, there are no reports regarding the 2019-nCoV pneumonia infected by cluster transmission within a family. The amount of close contact suspect was increasing. We reported cases of family cluster transmission of the 2019-nCoV infection, showing the differences in computed tomography (CT) manifestations and symptoms between patients with and without history of exposure to the epidemic area (Wuhan).Case Presentation: A 48-year-old man was presented to the hospital in Jan 30, 2020 with a 2-day history of low fever and chill. He had traveled to Wuhan City of Hubei Province of China 12 days before, and was confirmed having the 2019-nCoV infection based on his positive CT manifestations, clinical signs, and real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction results. The other three members of his family without history of exposure to the epidemic area (Wuhan) were subsequently identified having the 2019-nCoV transmissive infection based on the positive findings of real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction, but they did not have abnormal CT manifestations and clinical signs.Conclusion: For patients who have history of exposure to the epidemic area (Wuhan), the 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia can be identified by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction testing and chest CT together with the symptoms. But for patients without exposure to the epidemic area, the 2019-nCoV infection can be confirmed by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction testing and history of close contact with confirmed patients who have history of exposure to the epidemic area.
Evaluating Hemolytic and Photo Hemolytic Potential of Organophosphorus by In Vitro Method as an Alternative Tool Using Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Soria Ana L.G. , Ramirez Fabiola R. , Pliego Alberto B. , Guadarrama Héctor R.D. , Farrera Guadalupe P.M. , Angel Gilberto Y. , Chagoyán Juan C.V. , Gomaa Raafat M.M. , Tenorio-Borroto Esvieta 
Published: February 2020

Aims:
The present study aims to determine the phototoxic and haemolytic activity of organophosphorus.
The use of alternative in vitro assays with human erythrocytes is suggested to predict the
polluting effect of these products on health.

Methodology:
Human erythrocytes from Toluca Blood Bank were used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was
employed as a positive control. Additionally, the haemolysis percentage of three organophosphate (Acetate,
Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) induced photo haemolysis formulated
with surfactants on a concentration of 2 x 109 erythrocytes were evaluated. Finally, the products were
classified as irritant or phototoxic.

Results:
Results showed that the HC50 red blood cells were similar for each organophosphate
(Malathion and Methamidophos) indicating very irritant action with ratio classification (L/D) of 0.041
and 0.053, respectively. On the other hand, Chlorpyrifos was classified as an irritant with L/D= 0.14. On
the other hand, the HC50 obtained photo hemolysis assays irradiated red blood cells was similar for each
organophosphate (Acetate, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion, Methamidophos, Methyl Parathion) indicating no
phototoxic action.

Conclusion:
As a conclusion, it can be said that the parameters of haemolysis and denaturation of proteins
are good indicators to classify organophosphorus formulated with surfactants as irritating or phototoxic.
Organic Lesions in the Brain MRI of Children with Febrile Seizure
Authors: Nezami Alireza , Tarhani Fariba , Shoshtari Negin Koochak 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Seizure is the most common neurological disorders in children, where 4-10%
of the cases experience at least one seizure before the age of 16. The most frequent causes of
seizures in children are fever, epilepsy, infection and brain damage. The aim of this study was to
investigate the frequency of organic lesions in MRI of children with seizures unrelated to fever.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included children presented with fever-unrelated
seizures. The MRI was examined by a radiologist to identify abnormal findings in each patient.
A researcher-made questionnaire including general information, history of head trauma, obstructed
labor and the history of seizure was completed for the patients.

Results:
Of 287 children with fever-related seizure, 127 (45.7%) were male and 151 (54.3%) were
female. History of seizure, history of obstructed labor, abnormal MRI, complete delay, use of antiepileptic
drug and history of trauma were 22(9.9%), 1 (0.4%), 11(4%), 5(1.8%), 259(93.2%) and
12 (4.3%), respectively. Of 11 patients with abnormal MRI, 4 had MTS lesions, 2 had tumor lesions,
2 had scarring trauma, 1 had an epidural abscess and 1 had meningitis. The frequency of organic
lesions had no significant differences based on gender, use of antiepileptic drug and traumatic
history, but it had a significant relation with obstructed labor andthehistory of seizure.

Conclusion:
The results showed that organic brain lesions in children with fever-unrelated seizure
had a significant relationship with the history of seizure and obstructed maternal labor.
Video Game–Based Rehabilitation Approach for Individuals Who Have Undergone Upper Limb Amputation: Case-Control Study
Authors: Hashim N A , Abd Razak N A , Gholizadeh H , Abu Osman N A 
Published: February 2020

Background
Brain plasticity is an important factor in prosthesis usage. This plasticity helps with brain adaptation to learn new movement and coordination patterns needed to control a prosthetic hand. It can be achieved through repetitive muscle training that is usually very exhausting and often results in considerable reduction in patient motivation. Previous studies have shown that a playful concept in rehabilitation can increase patient engagement and perseverance.

Objective
This study investigated whether the inclusion of video games in the upper limb amputee rehabilitation protocol could have a beneficial impact for muscle preparation, coordination, and patient motivation among individuals who have undergone transradial upper limb amputation.

Methods
Ten participants, including five amputee participants and five able-bodied participants, were enrolled in 10 1-hour sessions within a 4-week rehabilitation program. In order to investigate the effects of the rehabilitation protocol used in this study, virtual reality box and block tests and electromyography (EMG) assessments were performed. Maximum voluntary contraction was measured before, immediately after, and 2 days after interacting with four different EMG-controlled video games. Participant motivation was assessed with the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire and user evaluation survey.

Results
Survey analysis showed that muscle strength and coordination increased at the end of training for all the participants. The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive association between the training period and the box and block test score (r8=0.95, P<.001). The maximum voluntary contraction increment was high before training (6.8%) and in the follow-up session (7.1%), but was very small (2.1%) shortly after the training was conducted. The IMI assessment showed high scores for the subscales of interest, perceived competence, choice, and usefulness, but low scores for pressure and tension.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that video games enhance motivation and adherence in an upper limb amputee rehabilitation program. The use of video games could be seen as a complementary approach for physical training in upper limb amputee rehabilitation.
Kartu Ragam Gerak Tari Pendet Berbasis 3 Bahasa sebagai Stimulasi Kinestetik Anak Tuna Grahita
Authors: Restian Arina , Alifatussa'dah Alifatussa'dah 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melatih kecerdasan kinestetik siswa tuna grahita di SDN Pandanwangi 3 Malang. Hal ini dilakukan dengan memberikan stimulasi kinestetik berupa gerakan-gerakan dasar tari pendet yang dijelaskan melalui media kartu ragam gerak tari pendet. Dalam media ini digunakan 3 bahasa sebagai bahasa pengantarnya, yaitu bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Inggris, dan bahasa Thailand. Penelitian menggunakan model ADDIE. Sumber data penelitian adalah siswa tuna grahita di SDN Pandawangi 3 Malang, GPK, validator ahli materi dan media. Penelitian dilakukan 2 kali pada semester genap 2018/2019. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 5 tahapan, yaitu analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan (1) telah dilakukan implementasi pengembangan kartu ragam gerak tari pendet berbasis 3 bahasa dengan cara melakukan proses belajar mengajar dan penerapan 10 gerakan dasar tari pendet yang terdapat di dalam kartu ragam gerak tari pendet, (2) keefektifan pengembangan kartu ragam gerak tari pendet berbasis 3 bahasa sebagai stimulasi kinestetik pada anak tuna grahita di SDN Pandanwangi 3 Malang harus diterapkan. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan uji keefektifan hasil belajar dengan presentase 65% dan uji keefektifan observasi aktivitas belajar dengan presentase 81,25%. Serta adanya uji kelayakan dari validator ahli media dan validator ahli materi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajarna yang dikembangkan efektif untuk digunakan dalam menstimulasi siswa tuna di SDN Pandanwangi 3 Malang