bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Identification and Quantification of Chlorpheniramine Maleate or Pheniramine Maleate in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Thin-Layer Chromatography-Densitometry
Authors: Subramaniyan Seppakkam P , Das Saroj K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry was used to separate, identify, and quantitate chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) and pheniramine maleate (PM) when present in combination with other drugs in pharmaceutical preparations of tablets, syrups, eye and ear drops, etc. CPM or PM was extracted (tablets, capsules, etc.) or diluted (liquid preparations, if needed) with 80% ethanol and isolated from other ingredients by TLC on silica gel G using cyclohexane–chloroform– methanol–diethylamine (4.5 + 4.0 + 0.5 + 1.0, v/v) as the mobile phase. Separated CPM and PM were detected under shortwave ultraviolet light and quantitated by scanning densitometry at 260 nm. Recoveries of CPM and PM were 100.09 ± 0.77% and 100.09 ± 0.87%, respectively.
Synchronous Analysis Method for Detection of Citrinin and the Lactone and Acid Forms ofMonacolin K in Red Mold Rice
Authors: Lee Chun-Lin , Wang Jyh-Jye , Pan Tzu-Ming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Monascus product known as red mold rice (RMR) has been found to contain the cholesterol-lowering agent monacolin K (MK), including the lactone form (MKL) and the acid form (MKA) and mycotoxin citrinin (CT). In current studies, CT and MK are usually detected by different analysis methods, which have a high level of error, and are inconvenient, expensive, and time-consuming. The goal of this study is to establish a rapid synchronous analysis method for the detection of CT, MKL, and MKA levels in RMR. In this study, CT, MKL, and MKA are extracted by the same extraction method and are then separated in a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) C18 column. The elution from the C18 column is then passed through an ultraviolet detector and introduced directly into the fluorescence detector. The results show that higher recovery rates of CT, MKL, and MLK are yielded from RMR powder by extracting with 95% ethanol (10 mL) at 60C for 30 min. Regarding the optimal conditions of HPLC, the peaks of CT, MKL, and MKA can be clearly separated from any noise peaks by isocratic elution with optimum mobile phase, acetonitrilewatertrifluoroacetate (55 + 45 + 0.05, v/v).
Studies of the Effects of Neonatal Exposure to Genistein on the Developing Female Reproductive System
Authors: Jefferson Wendy N , Padilla-Banks Elizabeth , Newbold Retha R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Studies have shown that developmental exposure to genistein alters murine reproductive differentiation, resulting in abnormal ovarian development (multioocyte follicles) and uterine neoplasia later in life. Further, reproductive function was altered. Prolonged estrous cyclicity was observed following neonatal genistein treatment (0.550 mg/kg) on Days 15 with doseand age-related increase in severity. Fertility, determined at 2, 4, and 6 months, showed decreased numbers of genistein-treated females (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) delivering live pups and reduced numbers of pups. At 6 months, 60% of 0.5 mg/kg and 40% of 5 mg/kg groups delivered live pups compared to 100% of controls. At 2 months, half the mice treated with 25 mg/kg of genistein and none treated with 50 mg/kg delivered live pups, although half of the latter group showed signs of pregnancy with few small implantation sites. Ovarian function was disrupted in the low genistein-dosed mice with increased numbers of corpora lutea (CLs) compared to controls and increased ovulated oocytes following exogenous gonadotropins treatment. In contrast, mice treated with high genistein doses had decreased numbers of CLs; ovulation could be restored with exogenous gonadotropins. Thus, neonatal treatment with genistein at environmentally relevant doses caused adverse consequences on ovarian development and reproductive function.
Determination of Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Food Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sanches-Silva Ana , Cruz José M , Sendón-Garcĺa Raquel , Paseiro-Losada Perfecto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and compared with a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for determining butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in foodstuffs as a result of migration from plastic packaging. Similar extraction procedures were used in both methods. BHT was quantitated using an external standard in the HPLC method and an internal standard in the GC/MS method. Both methods presented good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9917) and low detection limits. Recoveries obtained with the HPLC method (chicken meat, 95.8%, and Gouda cheese, 83.9%) were better than with the GC/MS method (chicken meat, 85.6%, and Gouda cheese, 71.3%).
A Simple Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Sulfur Dioxide in Ambient Air Using Potassium Tetrachloromercurate as the Absorbing Reagent
Authors: Verma Santosh Kumar , Deb Manas Kanti , Bajpai Samir , Suzuki Yukio , Sinha Shekhar Kumar , Gong Yuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents development of a simple, rapid, and precise analytical method for determination of sulfur dioxide in ambient air by a gas to solid-phase conversion method. Sulfur dioxide is determined in the form of sulfite (SO32) because the absorbing reagent, potassium tetrachloromercurate (TCM), used in this method absorbs sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere in the form of sulfite. Determination of submicrogram levels of sulfur dioxide was based on the selection of a quantitative analytical peak at 495 cm1 among the 3 observed vibrational peaks for the dichlorosulfitomercurate complex formed after reaction of sulfur dioxide with TCM and measurement of absorbance using diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The limits of detection and quantification of the method were found to be 0.09 and 0.4 g/g SO32, respectively. The precision in terms of standard deviation and relative standard deviation (RSD) at a level of 2 g SO32/0.1 g KBr for n = 10 was found to be 0.036 g SO32 and 1.8%, respectively. The RSD (n = 10) for determination of sulfur dioxide in ambient air was observed to be in the range of 2.74.2%. The method proposed is time saving and eliminates the slow and cumbersome steps of pH maintenance of the reaction mixture and color formation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended West and Gaeke spectrophotometric method and other methods for quantitative determination of sulfur dioxide.
Development of Agribiotechnology and Biosafety Regulations Used to Assess Safety of Genetically Modified Crops in Bangladesh
Authors: Nasiruddin Khondoker Md , Nasim Anwar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bangladesh is on the verge of adopting genetically modified (GM) crops for commercial cultivation and consumption as feed and food. Most of the laboratories are engaged in tissue culture and molecular characterization on plants, whereas some have started living modified organism research with shortages of trained manpower, infrastructure, and funding. Nutritionally improved Golden Rice, biotech brinjal, and late blight-resistant potato are in contained trials in a greenhouse, and potato ring spot virus-resistant papaya is in the process of approval for a field trial. The government has taken some initiative in support of GM organism research, which include the formation of a Biotechnology Department in all institutes and the formation of the apex body, the National Task Force Committee on Biotechnology of Bangladesh under the chairpersonship of the Prime Minister. Biosafety policy guidelines and related aspects of biotechnology issues have been approved, and the laws are in the process of being promulgated. Being a party to the Cartagena Protocol, proper biosafety measures are regulated by the appropriate authority as stated. Although there are no laws made yet directly for biosafety of GM crops/foods, the relevant laws on agriculture, medicine, food, import, trade, environment, etc. may suffice and explain the situation.
Development and Statistical Validation of a Quantitative Method for the Determination of Steroid Hormones in Environmental Water by Column Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Stavrakakis Christophe , Colin Ronan , Hquet Valrie , Faur Catherine , Le Cloirec Pierre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical method applied to the determination of 3 natural steroid hormones, estrone, 17 -estradiol, and 16 -hydroxyestrone, and the contraceptive estrogen, 17 -ethynylestradiol, at the sub-ng/L level in water samples [surface water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) samples]. The solid-phase extraction conditions were optimized using C18 cartridges. Identification and quantification were performed using a column liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric system with electrospray ionization in the negative mode. Before analyzing steroids in complex matrixes, statistical tools permitted a fine validation of the analytical method, and performance was evaluated for spring water in terms of recovery, specificity, trueness, repeatability, and intralaboratory reproducibility. The results showed the accuracy of the method, and limits of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.02 and 0.21 ng/L. The determination of steroids in WWTP effluents, which contain high levels of organic matter, required an additional purification step on silica cartridges. The high efficiency of the purification was proved with LOD &lt;0.3 ng/L from 200 mL sample. Specificity of the entire analytical procedure was shown by repeatable recoveries at low and high levels of the calibration range.
Evaluation of the Water and Organic Liquids Extraction Efficiency of Spirulina maxima Dyes Using Thermostated Micro Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Zarzycki Pawe K , Zarzycka Magdalena B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Thermostated micro thin-layer chromatography was applied for separation and quantification studies of Spirulina maxima dyes isolated from pharmaceutical formulation by a simple one-step liquid extraction. The isolation process was performed using a number of liquids, including water; 10 mM water solutions of native -, -, and -cyclodextrin and their hydroxypropyl derivatives; and a number of common organic liquids characterized by different polarity, namely, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, toluene, and n-hexane. Chromatographic studies were performed on RP18W plates working inside a small thermostated horizontal chamber allowing a development distance of 45 mm. Using a mobile phase consisting of acetonen-hexane (30 70, v/v) and 40C separation temperature, plate peak capacity of at least 15 spots/lane and developing time &lt;5 min were obtained. Validation data indicated that under such conditions, with an office scanner used for chromatogram digitalization, spot quantification could be accurately performed within an analyte mass range of 2 factors. The raw quantitative data obtained from microchromatograms acquired under visible light conditions were explored using cluster analysis and principal components analysis. Chemometric investigations revealed that the best extraction liquids for isolation of dye mixtures from Spirulina samples were methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and dichloromethane. Moreover, it was found that the liquids' parachor values could be used for estimation of the dye extraction efficiency from complex samples.
Analysis of the Residues of 20 Organochlorine Pesticides in Herba epimedii, a Chinese Herbal Medicine, by Solid-Phase Extraction with Gas Chromatography/Negative Chemical Ionization–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Guo Qing , Deng Ming , Yu Boyang , Tan Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A multiresidue analytical method has been developed to simultaneously determine the residues of 20 organochlorine pesticides in Herba epimedii, a traditional Chinese medicine. The 20 pesticides are included in the list of regulated substances by the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department in Hong Kong. The method consists of solid-phase extraction for cleanup of samples and GC coupled on-line with negative chemical ion-MS to analyze the target pesticides. The chromatographic separation of the compounds was carried out on a DB-1701 column by using an optimal temperature program, and the quantitative analysis was conducted by selected ion monitoring. The LOD and LOQ values fell in the range of 0.05555.8821 and 0.124117.9333 ng/g, respectively. The average recoveries were between 75.4 and 90.7 (n = 5) for the 20 organochlorine pesticides. The developed method proved to be reliable and accurate, and permits rapid determination of the 20 organochlorine pesticides in one run.
Chiral Separation of Diastereoisomers of Cefuroxime Axetil by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography
Authors: Dbrowska Monika , Krzek Jan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Conditions for separation and determination of diastereoisomers of cefuroxime axetil by HPTLC on cellulose layers with densitometry were developed. A good separation of the constituents was achieved using a mobile phase composed of 1 aqueous -cyclodextrinmethanol (15 + 1, v/v). For detecting spots on the chromatograms, densitometric measurements were used at 285 nm. The method is characterized by high sensitivity; the LOD was 0.04 g/spot and LOQ was 0.11 g/spot for both forms of the cefuroxime axetil diastereoisomers. For the individual diastereoisomers, high recovery values from 96.63 to 104.16 were obtained. Identification of the diastereoisomers was performed by 1H-NMR spectrometric analysis.
Mass Spectroscopic Fingerprinting Method for Differentiation Between Scutellaria lateriflora and the Germander (Teucrium canadense and T. chamaedrys) Species
Authors: Chen Pei , Lin Long-Ze , Harnly James M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Scutellaria lateriflora, commonly known as skullcap, is used as an ingredient in numerous herbal products. However, it has been occasionally adulterated/contaminated with Teucrium canadense and T. chamaedrys, commonly known as germander, which contain hepatotoxic diterpenes. Due to the morphological similarities between the two genera, analytical methodologies to distinguish authentic S. lateriflora from the Teucrium species are needed to ensure public safety. In this study, a direct-injection electrospray ionization/MS method was used to generate spectral fingerprints of extracts from 21 skullcap and germander samples at a rate of 90 s/sample. MS fingerprints were analyzed by principal component analysis. The newly developed method offers a rapid and easy way to differentiate between skullcap and germander samples.
Application of Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Measurement of Vitamin D in Foods and Nutritional Supplements
Authors: Huang Min , Winters Doug 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS/MS was applied to measure vitamin D in various foods and nutritional supplements. The run-time of the chromatographic separation was cut from 20 min in HPLC/MS/MS to 10 min in UPLC/MS/MS, while equal or better separation efficiency was achieved to deal with complex food matrixes. Under the optimized conditions, all the previtamins of vitamin D3, D2, and isotope-labeled vitamin D3 were baseline-separated from their corresponding vitamins. It was also demonstrated that many sterol isomers in complex food matrixes that interfere in the analysis could be well-separated from the analytes. Accuracy of this method was evaluated by analysis of NIST SRM 1849 infant formula reference material. With eight replicates, the average vitamin D3 concentration was 0.251 + 0.012 mg/kg, an excellent agreement with the certified value of 0.251 + 0.027 mg/kg. In addition, spike recovery from a commercial infant formula matrix was in the range of 100 to 108% for both vitamins D3 and D2 at three spike concentration levels. The spike recovery for an even more complex matrix, pet food, was 101–105%. LOQ values were 0.026 and 0.033 IU/g, or 0.086 and 0.11 IU/mL in solution, for vitamins D3 and D2, respectively. The dynamic range had three orders of magnitude, which made the method flexible and useful to deal with the wide concentration range of vitamin D in various samples. The method was robust based on the results of changing the parameters of LC separation and MS measurement. This accurate and reliable vitamin D method increased instrument efficiency and analysis productivity significantly.
Recent Advances in the Application of High Performance Liquid Chromatography in the Analysis of Polyphenols in Wine and Propolis
Authors: Medić-Šarić Marica , Rastija Vesna , Bojić Mirza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Wine and propolis are among the richest sources of polyphenolics. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are main pharmacological components whose benefits have been shown in numerous reports. This paper presents a review of the latest applications of HPLC for determination of polyphenolics in propolis and wine. Special attention is focused on sample preparation, chromatographic conditions, and detection of polyphenolics. HPLC will undoubtedly be the most used method that is readily available for analysis, as well as for isolation of polyphenolics in complex mixtures.
Current Perspectives and Recommendations for the Development of Mass Spectrometry Methods for the Determination of Allergens in Foods
Authors: Johnson Phil E , Baumgartner Sabine , Aldick Thomas , Bessant Conrad , Giosafatto Valeria , Heick Julia , Mamone Gianfranco , O'connor Gavin , Poms Roland , Popping Bert , Reuter Andreas , Ulberth Franz , Watson Andrew , Monaci Linda , Mills E N Clare 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Allergen detection and quantification is an essential part of allergen management as practiced by food manufacturers. Recently, protein MS methods (in particular, multiple reaction monitoring experiments) have begun to be adopted by the allergen detection community to provide an alternative technique to ELISA and PCR methods. MS analysis of proteins in foods provides additional challenges to the analyst, both in terms of experimental design and methodology: (1) choice of analyte, including multiplexing to simultaneously detect several biologically relevant molecules able to trigger allergic reactions; (2) choice of processing stable peptide markers for different target analytes that should be placed in publicly available databases; (3) markers allowing quantification (e.g., through standard addition or isotopically labeled peptide standards); (4) optimization of protease digestion protocols to ensure reproducible and robust method development; and (5) effective validation of methods and harmonization of results through the use of naturally incurred reference materials spanning several types of food matrix.
Milk production, nitrogen utilization, and methane emissions of dairy cows grazing grass, forb, and legume-based pastures
Authors: Wilson Randi L , Bionaz Massimo , MacAdam Jennifer W , Beauchemin Karen A , Naumann Harley D , Ates Serkan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAchieving high animal productivity without degrading the environment is the primary target in pasture-based dairy farming. This study investigated the effects of changing the forage base in spring from grass-clover pastures to forb or legume-based pastures on milk yield, N utilization, and methane emissions of Jersey cows in Western Oregon. Twenty-seven mid-lactation dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three pasture treatments: grass-clover-based pasture composed of festulolium, tall fescue, orchardgrass, and white clover (Grass); forb-based pasture composed of chicory, plantain, and white clover (Forb); and legume-based pasture composed of red clover, bird’s-foot trefoil, berseem clover, and balansa clover (Legume). Pastures were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates (i.e., blocks) with each replicate grazed by a group of three cows. Production and nutritive quality of the forages, animal performance, milk components, nitrogen partitioning, and methane emissions were measured. Feed quality and dry matter intake (DMI) of cows were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for Legume and Forb vs. Grass, with consequent greater milk and milk solids yields (P &lt; 0.01). Cows grazing Forb also had more (P &lt; 0.01) lactose and linoleic acid in milk compared with cows grazing the other pastures, and less (P = 0.04) somatic cell counts compared with Grass. Cows grazing Forb had substantially less (P &lt; 0.01) N in urine, milk, and blood compared with cows grazing the other pastures, with not only a greater (P &lt; 0.01) efficiency of N utilization for milk synthesis calculated using milk urea nitrogen but also a larger (P &lt; 0.01) fecal N content, indicating a shift of N from urine to feces. Both Forb and Legume had a diuretic effect on cows, as indicated by the lower (P &lt; 0.01) creatinine concentration in urine compared with Grass. Methane emissions tended to be less (P = 0.07) in cows grazed on Forb vs. the other pastures. The results indicate that Forb pasture can support animal performance, milk quality, and health comparable to Legume pasture; however, Forb pasture provides the additional benefit of reduced environmental impact of pasture-based dairy production.
7 Effect of piglet birth weight and drying on post-natal changes in rectal temperature
Authors: Cooper Naomi , Vande Pol Katherine D , Ellis Michael , Xiong Yijie , Gates Richard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of piglet birth weight and drying piglets at birth on post-natal rectal temperatures using a CRD with 2 treatments: 1) Drying (not dried vs. dried at birth with a desiccant); 2) Birth weight [4 within-litter birth weight quartiles (Q1: 1.13 ± 0.33 kg, Q2: 1.43 ± 0.28 kg, Q3: 1.62 ± 0.28 kg, Q4: 1.81 ± 0.28 kg)]. Sows (26) and litters (281 piglets) were randomly allotted to drying treatment and were housed in farrowing crates with a heat lamp; room temperature was set at 22.8°C. Piglets were weighed at birth and rectal temperature measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 1440 min after birth. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC); the model included fixed effects of litter birth weight quartile and drying treatment and interaction, and time (repeated measure), and random effect of sow. Mean piglet birth weight and rectal temperature at birth were 1.49 ± 0.39 kg and 39.2 ± 0.43°C, respectively. There were no drying by birth weight treatment interactions. Temperatures were similar (P &gt; 0.05) for the drying and birth weight treatments at birth and 240 and 1440 min (Table 1). Drying increased (P &lt; 0.05) rectal temperature from 15 to 180 min; the greatest difference was at 45 min (2.4°C). Temperatures were similar (P &gt; 0.05) for Q2, 3, and 4 from 15 to 180 min. Quartile 1 had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) temperature than the 3 heavier quartiles from 15 to 180 min, except at 120 min when temperatures were similar for Q1 and 2. The lightest piglets exhibited the greatest post-natal temperature decline and drying of piglets at birth reduced the post-natal temperature decline in piglets of all weights.