bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing knowledge for health care quality: An investigation of rational antibiotic use among Thai dentists
Authors: Pisarnturakit Pagaporn Pantuwadee , Sooampon Sireerat , Sooampon Sutti 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectivesBecause of the irrational use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance is now a global concern that requires developing effective strategies against. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge gap that causes the irrational use of antibiotics among Thai dentists.MethodsThai dentists were asked to complete an online questionnaire regarding their knowledge, perception, and attitude towards rationale antibiotic use. The survey was conducted during November to December 2018.ResultsOnline questionnaires were completed by 588 dentists. Most respondents had a positive perception and were aware of the rational use of antibiotics. However, the use of antibiotics without proper indication and the lack of pharmacological knowledge were found. A mobile application was considered the most preferable approach to manage knowledge for rational drug use.ConclusionIrrational drug use among Thai dentists can be caused by lack of knowledge, attitude, and the perception of each dentist. Policy makers should promote self‐learning through knowledge management strategies that can complement the pharmacology courses taught in dental school.
Analysis of weekend effect in severe acute liver injury: A nationwide database study
Authors: Do Albert , Ilagan‐Ying Ysabel C. , Taddei Tamar H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsSevere acute liver injury (ALI) can lead to poor outcomes without timely management. Comparatively worse outcomes in various severe, emergent conditions have been attributed to reduced hospital resources experienced by patient weekend admissions, a phenomenon termed “weekend effect.” To date, a weekend effect has not been studied in severe ALI, an emergency also necessitating timely management. We aimed to evaluate such an effect in this condition by analyzing a large national inpatient database in the United States.MethodsWe analyzed the Nationwide/National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2000 to 2014, the largest inpatient, all‐payer database in the United States (US), containing sociodemographic, clinical, patient‐, and hospital‐level data. We identified severe ALI using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision diagnosis codes for acute/subacute hepatic necrosis (570) with encephalopathy (572.2). Our primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Using a full‐model approach for covariate selection, we performed multiple logistic regression modeling to assess for weekend effect and identify predictors of in‐hospital mortality.ResultsWe identified 15 762 eligible hospitalizations, with 12 182 (77.3%) having complete covariate data. This sample comprised 53.3% males, 69.3% White race, and had an average (± SD) age of 55.0 ± 14.1 years. We utilized a full‐model approach for covariate inclusion but did not include patient transfer data due to limited availability. We observed no significant mortality differences in weekend admissions (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.97‐1.15, P = 0.02). However, significantly higher mortality was associated with male sex, older age, Black or Hispanic race, Northeast US hospitalization, urban teaching status, and larger hospital size. Sensitivity analyses using multiple imputation datasets and transfer covariates did not change our results.ConclusionWe did not observe a weekend effect of in‐hospital mortality for weekend admissions for severe ALI, but our overall diagnosis ascertainment yield was low—indicating that lack of accurate documentation for the etiology of severe ALI may be masking an effect. Additionally, our findings suggest that racial differences and hospital‐level characteristics in the context of severe ALI may be associated with varying outcomes, regardless of admission day, which warrants further research.
Fabrication of porous carbonate apatite granules using microfiber and its histological evaluations in rabbit calvarial bone defects
Authors: Akita Kazuya , Fukuda Naoyuki , Kamada Kumiko , Kudoh Keiko , Kurio Naito , Tsuru Kanji , Ishikawa Kunio , Miyamoto Youji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbonate apatite (CO3Ap) granules are known to show good osteoconductivity and replaced to new bone. On the other hand, it is well known that a porous structure allows bone tissue to penetrate its pores, and the optimal pore size for bone ingrowth is dependent on the composition and structure of the scaffold material. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate various porous CO3Ap granules through a two‐step dissolution–precipitation reaction using CaSO4 as a precursor and 30‐, 50‐, 120‐, and 205‐μm diameter microfibers as porogen and to find the optimal pore size of CO3Ap. Porous CO3Ap granules were successfully fabricated with pore size 8.2–18.7% smaller than the size of the original fiber porogen. Two weeks after the reconstruction of rabbit calvarial bone defects using porous CO3Ap granules, the largest amount of mature bone was seen to be formed inside the pores of CO3Ap (120) [porous CO3Ap granules made using 120‐μm microfiber] followed by CO3Ap (50) and CO3Ap (30). At 4 and 8 weeks, no statistically significant difference was observed based on the pore size, even though largest amount of mature bone was formed in case of CO3Ap (120). It is concluded, therefore, that the optimal pore size of the CO3Ap is that of CO3Ap (120), which is 85 μm.
A case of prolonged sinus arrest for 5 minutes after Cryo‐balloon ablation to the left superior pulmonary vein
Authors: Miki Tomonori , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Shirayama Takeshi , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA 63‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for his palpitation due to atrial fibrillation. He was admitted for catheter ablation. Cryoablation was applied to the left superior pulmonary vein for 180 seconds, and its potential disappeared in 22 seconds. The lowest temperature was −45°C. Suddenly, sinus arrest was observed 1 minute after the completion of freezing. The right ventricle was paced but no atrial potential was observed for 5 minutes until normal sinus rhythm resumed. We report a case of severe sinus arrest after cryoablation to the left pulmonary vein.
Home Gastrostomy Feeding Education Program: Effects on the Caregiving Burden, Knowledge, and Anxiety Level of Mothers
Authors: Pars Hatice , Soyer Tutku 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is highly important for healthcare professionals to give discharge education to families to increase their knowledge of gastrostomy care and complications and to inform them about the correct behaviors. The purpose of the present descriptive pretraining and posttraining evaluation study was to investigate the effects of a standardized, evidence‐based discharge education program prepared for children with gastrostomy tubes on the caregivers’ knowledge, anxiety levels, and caregiving burden.MethodsThe primary caregivers of children with a gastrostomy tube (n = 30) were interviewed on the first day of the education program and the first week and third month after the program, and a pretest/posttest, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory were applied. Complications were determined by assessing the number of unplanned clinic visits and complications in the study group compared with the historical control group (historical comparison; n = 30).ResultsThe study revealed that the knowledge levels of mothers increased in the first week and third month after training, and their caregiving burden and state‐trait anxiety levels significantly decreased. Although some complications arising from the enteral nutrition process were observed, it was found that the complications were fewer, and the difference was statistically significant compared with the group that did not receive the standardized, evidence‐based discharge education program.ConclusionThe standardized education program should be recommended because caregivers managed the home care process more successfully, and the stress, anxiety, and difficulties experienced during homecare decreased.
Glass geochemical compositions from widespread tephras erupted over the last 200 years from Mount St. Helens
Authors: FOO ZHEN HUI , Jensen Britta J. L. , Bolton Matthew S. M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBuilding reliable chronologies from lake sediments, peat and other paleoenvironmental archives can be challenging, especially for historical times where radiocarbon is unreliable. Nineteenth‐ and 20th‐century eruptions from Mount St. Helens (MSH) provide important chronostratigraphic markers for regional paleoenvironmental studies within this time frame, but are constrained by poorly geochemically characterized tephra and/or limited published data. Here, we present glass geochemistry from the most significant eruptions from this time. This includes proximal, medial and distal deposits of the 18 May 1980 MSH eruption, layer T (
ad 1799/1800), a new tephra that we argue represents the
ad 1842 eruption, and the 22 July 1980 eruption that had reported ashfall in Canada. Our results indicate that most tephras ejected during these eruptions, within a time frame of ~200 years, have distinct glass geochemical characteristics that can be used to identify distal deposits for tephrochronological studies. Layer T is on trend with analyses of the 1980 eruption but has a distinct dacitic glass population. The 1980 and
ad 1842 eruptions are similar, both having rhyolitic glass compositions, but the
ad 1842 event can be differentiated by a more constrained SiO2 range in the main geochemical population, and the presence of a unique SiO2 sub‐population.
Photonic nanojet mediated Raman enhancement: Vertical Raman mapping and simple ray matrix analysis
Authors: Gašparić Vlatko , Taccheo Stefano , Gebavi Hrvoje , Ristić Davor , Ivanda Mile 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA new method for enhancing the Raman scattering signal has emerged recently, based on dielectric enhancement. Especially promising is the dielectric method based on microspheres and photonic nanojet. In this paper, geometrical aspects and the influence of the incident beam parameters on Raman enhancement by silica microspheres were systematically investigated in three steps: by characterizing the incident beam using knife‐edge method, performing horizontal and vertical Raman mapping imaging, and analyzing the results using ray transfer matrix analysis. Maps show a distinct enhancement (hotspot) area caused by the microsphere photonic nanojet and lens effect compared to a plain silicon substrate. Enhancement value on maps was the highest (5.7×) for 0.50 numerical aperture objective, when the incident beam size matched the microsphere diameter, and the focus of the incident beam was below the top of the sphere, so that the output beam focus was at the microsphere–substrate contact area. This geometrical configuration was confirmed as ideal by performing simple ray transfer matrix analysis. The ideal ranges of incident and output beam parameters match with the measured hotspot area. This three‐step process and the usage of vertical Raman mapping have been, for the best of our knowledge, performed for the first time in such configuration. This research introduces a new way of investigating microsphere‐assisted Raman enhancement, offers different approach to microsphere optics research, and improves current knowledge of the influence of the incident beam on the enhancement.
Emulsifying properties of defatted rice bran concentrates enriched in fiber and proteins
Authors: Bonifacino Carla , Franco‐Fraguas Eugenia , López Débora N , Wagner Jorge R , Cabezas Darío M , Panizzolo Luis A , Palazolo Gonzalo G , Abirached Cecilia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice bran (RB), a by‐product of the rice milling industry, constitutes around 10% of the total weight of rough rice. The interest in the use of RB is centered on its nutritional quality, its low cost, and its extensive worldwide production. As RB is commonly used for oil extraction, the defatted rice bran (DRB) is obtained as a second by‐product. The aim of this work was to obtain a defatted rice bran concentrate (DRBC), enriched in protein and fiber, from defatted rice bran flour (DRBF) and to determine its physicochemical and emulsifying properties.RESULTSTo obtain the DRBC, the starch was efficiently hydrolyzed (> 98%) with α‐amylase and amyloglucosidase, with a concomitant increase in the proportions of crude protein (from 154.7 to 274.3 g kg−1) and total dietary fiber (from 276.1 to 492.3 g kg−1). Defatted rice bran concentrate exhibited a loss of protein solubility and increased surface hydrophobicity compared with DRBF. Defatted rice‐bran concentrate dispersions with and without previous ultrasound treatment were prepared. The sonication led to an increase in the apparent viscosity. Emulsions were prepared with dispersions with and without previous ultrasound treatment and showed high stability in quiescent conditions over 28 days. However, the emulsions prepared with dispersions treated with ultrasound resulted in lower D4,3 values and higher elastic and viscous moduli.CONCLUSIONThe rice bran concentrate can be used to obtain stable oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions, including both soluble and insoluble fractions, in acidic and neutral conditions. These innovative findings thus contribute to increasing the added value of this important by‐product of the rice‐milling industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Resveratrol: a review of plant sources, synthesis, stability, modification and food application
Authors: Tian Bingren , Liu Jiayue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResveratrol, a stilbene molecule belonging to the polyphenol family, is usually extracted from a great many natural plants. The technologies of preparation and extraction methods are developing rapidly. As resveratrol has many beneficial properties, it has been widely utilized in food and medicine industry. In terms of its structure, it is susceptible to degradation and can undergo chemical changes during food processing. Different studies have therefore given more attention to various aspects of resveratrol, including anti‐aging, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐cancer activity. This review classifies the study of resveratrol, considers plant sources, synthesis, stability, common reactions, and food applications, and provides references to boost its food and medical utilization. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stimulated biosynthesis of delphinidin‐related anthocyanins in tea shoots reducing the quality of green tea in summer
Authors: Zhang Qunfeng , Hu Jianhui , Liu Meiya , Shi Yuanzhi , De Vos Ric C. H. , Ruan Jianyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGreater proportions of purple tea buds and leaves usually appear in the summer, which seriously affects the color and taste quality of green tea products, yet the metabolism of purple tea shoots in summer remains unclear. Here, the metabolomic profiles and gene expression of related flavonoid metabolic pathways in the purple and normal green shoots of ‘Longjing 43’, and the quality of green tea made with these two phenotypes, were analyzed and compared.RESULTSDifferential metabolites identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography–Orbitrap/mass spectrometry indicated that anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple leaves was enriched, with higher levels of anthocyanidins (delphinidin‐hexose‐coumaroyl showed the greatest increase), proanthocyanidins (oligomers of catechins) and kaempferol glycoside. Expression patterns of the genes ANR, ANS, FLS, LAR, C4H, PAL, CHI, CHS and DFR revealed that the metabolism of anthocyanin is positively regulated by high temperature and/or light levels in summer. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that, in purple tea shoots, the metabolism of carbohydrates was enriched whereas that of amino acids was diminished, while their mannose, fructose, d‐galactose, sorbose and d‐glucose contents were more than double those found in green leaves. A sensory evaluation confirmed that a greater quantity of purple shoots had a greater negative impact on green tea quality because of a bitter taste and dark color (leaves and infusions were tested).CONCLUSIONSThese results highlight the need for and possibility of improving commercial tea quality via cultivation that controls the temperature or light of tea gardens during the summer. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Lack of additive benefit of oral steroids on short‐term postoperative outcomes in nasal polyposis
Authors: Arancibia Claudio , Langdon Cristóbal , Mullol Joaquim , Alobid Isam 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThere is a lack of evidence concerning the efficacy of oral corticosteroids (OCS) as a postoperative treatment for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The objective of our study was to determine the short‐term additive benefit of postoperative OCS in CRSwNP patients.MethodsWe prospectively randomized CRSwNP patients who were treated by endoscopic sinus surgery. All patients were resistant to maximum medical treatment according to European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012 guidelines. Treatment group received postoperative OCS in descending doses plus nasal douching over a period of 4 weeks, whereas the control group received only nasal douching. The efficacy of OCS was determined by a total 5 item symptoms score (T5SS), polyp size score, Barcelona Smell Test 24 and Medical Outcome Study Short Form‐36 questionnaire for quality of life (QoL).ResultsOf the 70 enrolled patients, 35 were in the treatment group and 35 in the control group. After 4 weeks of follow‐up, patients from both groups improved in T5SS, QoL, endoscopic findings (except for crusts that increased in both) and sense of smell, without significant differences between OCS and control groups.ConclusionPostoperative OCS as an add‐on treatment for CRSwNP patients does not improve sinonasal and QoL outcomes; thus, they should not be routinely recommended.Level of EvidenceIb Laryngoscope, 2019
Termite footprints in restored versus degraded agrosystems in South West Niger
Authors: Amadou Issoufou Abdourhimou , Maman Garba , Soumana Idrissa , Kaiser Dorkas , Konate Souleymane , Mahamane Sabiou , Mahamane Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne approach to achieving sustainable food security is to maintain or restore natural ecosystem services that diminish dependence on human inputs to agrosystems. More efficient use of agrosystem restoration practices can be achieved with the aid of termites' activities, which positively influence the physicochemical and hydraulic properties of soils in favor of productive soil. However, termites have a significant place in agrosystems, but it has remained under exploited and unrefined and needs to be restored to increase its yield. Here, we quantify the colonization rates of termites on marginal soils and in agrosystems with ongoing restoration efforts, as well as determine their footprints on soil characteristics over a 2‐year period in semi‐arid Niger. We used a rapid assessment protocol, a technic used to assess termites' population in semi‐arid regions, adapted from an earlier studies. The results from various analyses showed that termite abundance, richness, and diversity were 15% to 45% higher in the restored agrosystems than in the degraded ones. The evenness did not augment in the restored habitats what might result from the changes in soil properties triggered by clearcutting. Moreover, organic compounds, particularly carbon, nitrogen, in some cases phosphorus, and exchangeable cations are more abundant in restored sites where termite activities are intense than in the controls. A higher termite diversity and abundance are important factors underlying positive changes in soil properties. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of termite species in restoring degraded soil and in maintaining long‐term soil fertility, thereby facilitating sustainable agriculture.
Global existence, asymptotic stability and blow‐up of solutions for the generalized Boussinesq equation with nonlinear boundary condition
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Hu Qingying , Liu Gongwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider initial boundary value problem of the generalized Boussinesq equation with nonlinear interior source and boundary absorptive terms. We establish firstly the local existence of solutions by standard Galerkin method. Then we prove both the global existence of the solution and a general decay of the energy functions under some restrictions on the initial data. We also prove a blow‐up result for solutions with positive and negative initial energy respectively.
Disulfide‐Based Self‐Immolative Linkers and Functional Bioconjugates for Biological Applications
Authors: Deng Zhengyu , Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is of vital importance to reversibly mask and selectively activate bioactive agents for advanced therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, aiming to efficiently suppress background interferences and attenuate systemic toxicity. This strategy has been involved in diverse applications spanning from chemical/biological sensors and diagnostics to drug delivery nanocarriers. Among these, redox‐responsive disulfide linkages have been extensively utilized by taking advantage of extracellular and intracellular glutathione (GSH) gradients. However, direct conjugation of cleavable triggers to bioactive agents through disulfide bonds suffers from bulky steric hindrance and limited choice of trigger–drug combinations. Fortunately, the emergence of disulfide self‐immolative linkers (DSILs) provides a general and robust strategy to not only mask various bioactive agents through the formation of dynamic disulfide linkages but also make it possible to be selectively activated upon disulfide cleavage in the reductive cytoplasmic milieu. In this review, recent developments in DSILs are focused with special attention on emerging chemical design strategies and functional applications in the biomedical field.