bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicolaboratory Profile, Treatment, Intensive Care Needs, and Outcome of Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Williams Vijai , Dash Nabaneeta , Suthar Renu , Mohandoss Vichithra , Jaiswal Nishant , Kavitha T.K. , Nallasamy Karthi , Angurana Suresh Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to summarize the current data on clinicolaboratory features, treatment, intensive care needs, and outcome of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; PIMS-TS) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research database of World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database, and Cochrane COVID-19 study register between December 1, 2019 and July 10, 2020. Observational studies involving patients <21 years with PIMS-TS or MIS-C were reported the clinicolaboratory features, treatment, intensive care needs, and outcome. The search identified 422 citations and finally 18 studies with 833 participants that were included in this study, and pooled estimate was calculated for parameters of interest utilizing random effect model. The median age was 9 (range: 8–11) years. Fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, rash, conjunctival injection, and respiratory symptoms were common clinical features. Majority (84%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody test and only one-third had positive reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most common laboratory abnormalities noted were elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, procalcitonin, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), fibrinogen, ferritin, troponin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and thrombocytopenia. Cardiovascular complications included shock (65%), myocardial dysfunction (61%), myocarditis (65%), and coronary artery abnormalities (39%). Three-fourths of children required admission to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) where they received vasoactive medications (61%) and mechanical ventilation (25%). Treatment strategies used included intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg; 82%), steroids (54%), antiplatelet drugs (64%), and anticoagulation (51%). Mortality for patients with PIMS-TS or MIS-C was low (n = 13). In this systematic review, we highlight key clinical features, laboratory findings, therapeutic strategies, intensive care needs, and observed outcomes for patients with PIMS-TS or MIS-C. Commonly observed clinical manifestations include fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, mucocutaneous findings, cardiac dysfunction, shock, and evidence of hyperinflammation. The majority of children required PICU admission, received immunomodulatory treatment, and had good outcome with low mortality.
Fragile X Syndrome and Periventricular Heterotopias: A Rare Association
Authors: Bidstrup Jakob , Hansen Jonas Kjeldbjerg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common hereditary cause of intellectual disability in males, with an estimated prevalence of 1:4000. Epilepsy occurs in 10 to 20% of males with FXS and usually has a favorable prognosis and positive response to antiepileptic medication. Numerous anomalies in the central nervous system have been reported in FXS. Among these, periventricular heterotopia (PH) has been reported in two previous cases. Epilepsy is also a common comorbidity in PH, but in contrast to epilepsy in FXS, the severity may vary markedly. We present a boy with FXS, PH, and epilepsy—a combination not previously reported in the literature. The presented case suggests a necessity to consider PH in cases of refractory epilepsy or status epilepticus in patients with FXS, emphasizes the importance of ruling out FXS in children with intellectual disability even if there are only discreet or no clinical signs of the disorder, and underscores that FXS should be considered in patients with PH if no other cause can be found.
Mosaic Trisomy 5: Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis and Outcomes of a New Case
Authors: Sánchez-Herrero Ángeles , Carmona-Talavera Diego , García-Verdevio M Elia , Hernando-Espinilla Amaya , Estañ-Capell Nuria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChromosomal mosaicism is defined as the presence of two or more different cell lines in an organism that originate from the same embryo. Trisomy of chromosome 5 is one of the most severe forms of autosomal trisomy and only seven cases of mosaic trisomy 5 have been reported to date. Mosaicism at prenatal level constitutes a challenge in genetic counseling, particularly in the case of mosaic trisomy 5, due to its low incidence. We report the case of a girl with a prenatal diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 5. The pre- and postnatal genetic tests (noninvasive prenatal testing, array comparative genomic hybridization, karyotype in amniotic fluid cells, karyotype in peripheral blood, and uniparental disomy analysis) revealed the fetal chromosomal status and indicated etiology giving rise to the mosaicism, suggesting a prezygotic meiotic error corrected through late trisomic rescue in the zygote.
Dogmatism manifests in lowered information search under uncertainty
Authors: Schulz Lion , Rollwage Max , Dolan Raymond J. , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Dogmatic individuals are reluctant to seek out new information to refine their views, often skewing political, scientific, and religious discourse in the process. The cognitive drivers of this reluctance are poorly understood. Here, we isolate an influence of uncertainty on information search using a low-level perceptual decision-making task. We show that people with dogmatic views are both less likely to seek information before committing to a decision and to use fluctuations in uncertainty to guide their search. Our results highlight a cognitive mechanism that may contribute to the formation of dogmatic worldviews.
Motion analysis of kinetic impact projectiles for physics education in real context
Authors: Hernández Carla , Echiburu Mauricio , Humire Fernando , Mosso Edward 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presents a proposal to contextualize the study of movement in introductory courses of university physics, as a contribution to decision making in social situations. For this, the use of kinetic impact projectiles and the actual data provided by official sources are considered. This information is used in an object motion model describing the kinematic characteristics of a spherical projectile (a rubber bullet). For these purposes, a Reynolds number Re ≫ 1 was used, which allows one to apply a nonlinear motion equation to find the velocity and impact energy per unit area of a projectile. The results and analysis of this model can generate an interesting discussion in the classroom about the need to build protocols for the use of kinetic impact projectiles, and the importance of using scientific knowledge in social conflicts.
A mathematical model of the velocity of a cyclist riding over uneven terrain
Authors: D’Alessio Serge 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Derived in this article is a mathematical model of a cyclist riding over uneven terrain. The model is very general; it is expressed in terms of arbitrary functions that describe how the elevation changes with horizontal distance and how the cyclist’s power output varies, and also accounts for road friction and air resistance. The model was validated by considering special cases such as horizontal and inclined surfaces. Although the governing equation is too complicated to solve exactly for the general case, a numerical solution procedure is proposed and tested. In addition, an approximate analytical solution procedure is outlined. As an illustration some numerical results are presented for the case of a cyclist riding over rolling hills. The adopted approach is well suited for undergraduate students in mathematical physics. The formulation equally applies to a vehicle driving over a variable landscape. This work also unites concepts from physics with mathematical modelling and coding. Lastly, a video abstract is also provided.
Modeling as sensemaking: towards a theory of modelling in physics education
Authors: Sands David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drawing on psychological evidence in problem solving and reasoning, a theory of modelling in physics is advanced. Modelling is framed as a process of making sense of the physical world. The sensemaking process is identified as having at least three distinct stages: making sense of the problem, making sure that the model makes sense, and finally, making sense of the physical world using the model. Key to first stage is the construction of a qualitative mental model. Evidence is cited from the psychological literature in favour of mental modelling as the primary mechanism by which humans reason. The second stage requires the qualitative ideas and relationships contained in the mental model be expressed mathematically so that the validity of the model can be tested in limiting cases and particular circumstances. The last stage involves testing the explanatory and predictive power of the model against known phenomena. The entire process is based on the creation of different representations and their consistent translation across the different stages of the modelling process. It is shown how these ideas can be incorporated into teaching and examples of teaching practices based on these ideas are given.
Perspectives of spin-textured ferroelectrics
Authors: Tao L L , Tsymbal Evgeny Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) links the spin degree of freedom to the orbital motion of electrons in a solid and plays an important role in the emergence of new physical phenomena. In non-centrosymmetric materials, the SOC locks the electron’s spin direction to its momentum resulting in non-trivial spin textures in the reciprocal space. Depending on the crystal symmetry, the spin texture may exhibit Rashba, Dresselhaus, persistent, or more intricate configurations. In ferroelectric materials these spin textures are coupled to the ferroelectric polarization and thus can be controlled by its orientation and magnitude. This provides a promising platform to explore the coupling between spin, orbital, valley, and lattice degrees of freedoms in solids and opens a new direction for nonvolatile spintronic devices, such as a spin-ﬁeld-effect transistor and a valley spin valve. Here, we review the recent advances in spin-texture physics of ferroelectric materials and outline possible device implications.
Comment on ‘Understanding the behaviour of pulsed laser dry and wet micromachining processes by multi-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) modeling’
Authors: Jiang Wu-Gui , Zheng Pan , Liao Shu-Mei , Lv Hui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper ‘Understanding the behaviour of pulsed laser dry and wet micromachining processes by multi-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) modeling’ by Muhammad et al published in 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 095101, laid the foundation for SPH simulation of laser melting process including welding and selective laser melting. However, there are some inaccurate or inappropriate mathematical descriptions about the energy conservation in the paper, which may mislead some careless readers and cause unnecessary waste of time. In this paper, some comments and clarifications on the errors are made. By correcting these errors, a deeper understanding on the energy transport during the laser melting processes can also be obtained.
Field emission from two-dimensional GeAs
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Grillo Alessandro , Giubileo Filippo , Camilli Luca , Sun Jianbo , Capista Daniele , Passacantando Maurizio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
GeAs is a layered material of the IV–V groups that is attracting growing attention for possible applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, exfoliated multilayer GeAs nanoflakes are structurally characterized and used as the channel of back-gate field-effect transistors. It is shown that their gate-modulated p-type conduction is decreased by exposure to light or electron beam. Moreover, the observation of a field emission (FE) current demonstrates the suitability of GeAs nanoflakes as cold cathodes for electron emission and opens up new perspective applications of two-dimensional GeAs in vacuum electronics. FE occurs with a turn-on field of ∼80

V

μ

m

−
1

and attains a current density higher than 10

A

c

m

−

2

, following the general Fowler–Nordheim model with high reproducibility.
Interactions between atmospheric pressure plasmas and metallic catalyst particles in packed bed reactors
Authors: Kruszelnicki Juliusz , Engeling Kenneth W , Foster John E , Kushner Mark J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Atmospheric-pressure plasmas sustained in packed bed reactors (PBRs) are being investigated for chemical conversion of gases and pollution control. Metallic catalysts added to the surfaces of the dielectric beads of PBRs can increase the energy efficiency and selectivity of chemical processes by reducing operating temperature and providing additional reaction pathways. In this paper, results from a computational investigation of plasma surface interactions between micron-scale metallic catalysts and humid-air plasmas in PBRs are discussed. We found that high plasma density regions form in the proximity of the metallic catalysts. These higher-density plasma regions were confirmed experimentally using ICCD imaging. The intense plasmas result from geometrical electric field enhancement and redistribution of charges within the conductive particles, leading to further enhancement. The high electric field at the triple points of the catalysts can produce electric field emission of electrons, which provides a pre-ionization source or additional source of electrons. These regions of high electric field and sources of electrons guide discharges towards the catalysts and increases fluxes of excited species, ions, electrons and photons to their surfaces. These fluxes are focused primarily at the triple points between the metal, dielectric and gas. As a result, the catalyst is locally heated, which could lead to further increased rates of thermocatalytic reactions on the surface. Surface roughness of the metal inclusions can lead to additional electric field enhancement, which changes the character of the discharges in the vicinity of the catalysts while reducing breakdown voltage.
Structural tuning for enhanced magnetic performance by Y substitution in FeB-based metallic glasses
Authors: Shan Guangcun , Li Xin , Tan Haoyi , Shek Chan-Hung , Zhang Jiliang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Despite the compositional analogue to Fe71B17(NbYZr)12 metallic glass, the Fe71B17Y12 metallic glass has a saturated magnetization of Ca 108 emu g−1, more than 5 times of that in Fe71B17(NbYZr)12 (20 emu g−1). The structural origin for such significant difference in magnetic performance was investigated by x-ray absorption fine structure spectra and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations including simulated pair-correlation function (PCF) and Voronoi tessellation. Based on the Heisenberg model of magnetism, the narrow distribution of Fe–Fe bonds with larger distances accounts for a large Fe moment of 2.0 μ
B in Fe71B17Y12, while the broad distribution of Fe–Fe bonds leads to ferrimagnetic couplings which result in the small net Fe moment of 0.45 μ
B in Fe71B17(NbYZr)12. This work emphasizes how the substitution of analogous 4d transition metals induces a significantly different magnetism, which sheds lights on the development of new magnetic metallic glasses with both a promising magnetic performance and larger glass forming ability.
Indirect exchange interaction between magnetic impurities in one-dimensional gapped helical states
Authors: Hosseini Mir Vahid , Karimi Zahra , Davoodi Jamal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate theoretically indirect exchange interaction between magnetic impurities mediated by one-dimensional gapped helical states. Such states, containing massive Dirac fermions, may be realized on the edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator when time-reversal symmetry is weakly broken. We find that the indirect exchange interaction consists of Heisenberg, Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya, in-plane and out-of-plane Ising terms. These terms decay exponentially when the Fermi level lies inside the bandgap whereas the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya term has smallest amplitude. Outside the bandgap, the massive helical states modify oscillatory behaviors of the range functions so that the period of oscillations decreases near the edge of band in terms of energy gap or Fermi energy. In addition, the out-of-plane Ising term vanishes in the case of zero-gap structure. Also, the oscillation amplitude of out-of-plane Ising term increases versus energy gap but it decreases as a function of Fermi energy. While the oscillation amplitudes of other components remain constant as functions of energy gap and Fermi energy. Analytical results are also obtained for subgap and over gap regimes. Furthermore, the effects of electron–electron interactions are analyzed.
3D-design-model-assisted shiny surface shape measurement in fringe projection profilometry
Authors: Zhao Xiaxia , Mo Rong , Chang Zhiyong , Dong Jieshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In fringe projection three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement, image saturation is an important influencing factor for shiny surfaces, for example, an aero-engine blade. This paper proposes a novel method assisted by the 3D design model to resolve image saturation. The proposed algorithm has the following characteristics: (a) Based on the high matching between the measured finished object and its 3D design model, the design model is transformed into the discrete point cloud with sufficient accuracy. (b) Based on the spatial coordinate transformation principle, a multi-coordinate system transformation method is proposed to convert discrete point cloud data from the design coordinate system to the world coordinate system. (c) Considering the influence of the actual measurement conditions on the measured object, the existing illumination model is improved by integrating the system’s greyscale nonlinear response, camera exposure time and sensitivity. (d) Combined with the captured grating images and the 3D design model, the parameters are accurately calibrated by the least-squares algorithm. (e) Using the calibrated reflection model, the optimal rotation angle is determined to compensate for the spatial points corresponding to the image saturation area, and finally, the entire measured surface is registered with point clouds in the calculated optimal rotation locations. Our method is used in the actual pressure surface measurement experiment. The experimental results show that our method can effectively measure the space points corresponding to the image saturation area in the optimal rotation angle and improve the measurement accuracy of shiny surfaces.
Highly efficient and blue-emitting CsPbBr3 quantum dots synthesized by two-step supersaturated recrystallization
Authors: Shu Bowang , Chang Yajing , Xu Enze , Yang Supeng , Zhang Jinhua , Jiang Yang , Cheng Xiaopeng , Yu Dabin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Highly efficient and blue-emitting CsPbBr3 quantum dots were successfully synthesized by two-step supersaturated recrystallization under ambient condition. This method could control the particle size within 2.8 nm, thus resulting in strong quantum confinement effect of the products. The as-synthesized CsPbBr3 quantum dots presented outstanding optical properties with highest photo-luminescence quantum yield of 87.20% and longest PL lifetime of 12.24 ns. The blue light-emitting diode made from the CsPbBr3 quantum dots exhibited a CIE coordinate (0.14, 0.10), in good agreement with the standard blue CIE coordinate (0.14, 0.08) of National Television System Committee (NTSC).
Designing complex radial heterostructures of Te/Bi2Te3 and Te/Bi2-x
Pb
x
Te3 nanowires: fundamental mechanistic insights into nanowire growth and evolution
Authors: Chatterjee Dipanwita , Kumar Abinash , B Pavithra , N Ravishankar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Metal telluride/Te heterostructure nanowires are important thermoelectric materials and it is important to be able to tune these materials according to the requirement of the application. In order to do so, a good understanding of the reaction mechanism and critical observation of the evolution of the nanowire heterostructure during the course of reaction is essential. Here, single crystalline, anisotropic Te core/Bi2Te3 shell nanowires have been synthesized by a facile template-based wet chemical synthesis method. The formation and evolution mechanism of the heterostructure has been elucidated by several control reactions, detailed transmission electron microscopy imaging and composition analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy mode of the products of the reactions. Fundamental understanding of the formation mechanism and time-dependent evolution of the core–shell structure in the nanowire have led to successful designing of higher order heterostructures involving Te/Bi2-x
Pb
x
Te3. Through this study, interesting insights into the crystal structure evolution, crystal growth and miscibility of PbTe and Bi2Te3 into each other is obtained.
Understanding homoepitaxial growth of horizontal kinked GaN nanowires
Authors: Wu Shaoteng , Yi Xiaoyan , Tian Shuang , Zhang Shuo , Liu Zhiqiang , Wang Liancheng , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Epitaxial horizontal nanowires (NWs) have attracted much attention due to their easily large-scale integration. From the reported literature, epitaxial growth is usually driven by minimization of strain between NW and substrate, which governs the growth along with specific crystallographic orientation. Here, we report the first homoepitaxial growth of horizontal GaN NWs from a surface-directed vapor−liquid−solid growth method. The NWs grow along with six symmetry-equivalent 〈1-100〉 (m-axis) directions, exhibiting a random 60°/120° kinked configuration. Owing to homoepitaxial growth, strain could be eliminated. From the obtained results, we suggest that the formation the horizontal NWs, and their growth direction /orientation is not directly related to the strain minimization. A general rule based on the epitaxial relationship and potential low-index growth orientation is proposed for understanding the arrangement of epitaxial horizontal NWs. It is deduced that kinking of the horizontal NWs was attributed to unintentional guided growth determined by the roughness of the substrates’ surface. This study provides an insight for a better understanding of the evolution of epitaxial horizontal NWs, especially for the growth direction/orientation.