bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Patterning of the Ventricular Cardiac Conduction System
Authors: Burnicka-Turek Ozanna , Broman Michael T. , Steimle Jeffrey D. , Boukens Bastiaan J. , Petrenko Nataliya B. , Ikegami Kohta , Nadadur Rangarajan D. , Qiao Yun , Arnolds David E. , Yang Xinan H. , Patel Vickas V. , Nobrega Marcelo A. , Efimov Igor R. , Moskowitz Ivan P. 
Published: April 2020

Rationale:
The heartbeat is organized by the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a specialized network of cardiomyocytes. Patterning of the CCS into atrial node versus ventricular conduction system (VCS) components with distinct physiology is essential for the normal heartbeat. Distinct node versus VCS physiology has been recognized for more than a century, but the molecular basis of this regional patterning is not well understood.

Objective:
To study the genetic and genomic mechanisms underlying node versus VCS distinction and investigate rhythm consequences of failed VCS patterning.

Methods and Results:

Using mouse genetics, we found that the balance between T-box transcriptional activator,
Tbx5
, and T-box transcriptional repressor,
Tbx3
, determined the molecular and functional output of VCS myocytes. Adult VCS-specific removal of
Tbx5
or overexpression of
Tbx3
re-patterned the fast VCS into slow, nodal-like cells based on molecular and functional criteria. In these cases, gene expression profiling showed diminished expression of genes required for VCS-specific fast conduction but maintenance of expression of genes required for nodal slow conduction physiology. Action potentials of
Tbx5
-deficient VCS myocytes adopted nodal-specific characteristics, including increased action potential duration and cellular automaticity. Removal of
Tbx5
in vivo precipitated inappropriate depolarizations in the atrioventricular (His)-bundle associated with lethal ventricular arrhythmias. TBX5 bound and directly activated
cis
-regulatory elements at fast conduction channel genes required for fast physiological characteristics of the VCS action potential, defining the identity of the adult VCS.

Conclusions:
The CCS is patterned entirely as a slow, nodal ground state, with a T-box dependent, physiologically dominant, fast conduction network driven specifically in the VCS. Disruption of the fast VCS gene regulatory network allowed nodal physiology to emerge, providing a plausible molecular mechanism for some lethal ventricular arrhythmias.
Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillators in Trials of Drug Therapy for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gama Francisco , Ferreira Jorge , Carmo João , Costa Francisco Moscoso , Carvalho Salomé , Carmo Pedro , Cavaco Diogo , Morgado Francisco Belo , Adragão Pedro , Mendes Miguel 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction evolved since trials validated the use of implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (
ICD
s). We sought to evaluate the performance of
ICD
s in reducing mortality in the era of modern medical therapy by means of a systematic review and meta‐analysis of contemporary randomized clinical trials of drug therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We systematically identified randomized clinical trials that evaluated drug therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction that reported mortality. Studies that enrolled <1000 patients, patients with left ventricular ejection fraction >40%, or patients in the acute phase of heart failure and study treatment with devices were excluded. We identified 8 randomized clinical trials, including 31 701 patients of whom 3631 (11.5%) had an
ICD
.
ICDs
were associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78–0.94) and sudden cardiac death (RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.40–0.61). Results were consistent among studies published before and after 2010. In meta‐regression analysis, the proportion of nonischemic etiology did not affect the associated benefit of
ICD
.

CONCLUSIONS

In our meta‐analysis of contemporary randomized trials of drug therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, the rate of
ICD
use was low and associated with a decreased risk in both all‐cause mortality and sudden cardiac death. This benefit was still present in trials with new medical therapy.
Judicial Support for the Islamic Financial Services Industry: Towards Reform-oriented Interpretive Approaches
Authors: Oseni Umar A. , Hassan M. Kabir , Ali S. Nazim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study examines different dimensions and permutations of invaluable judicial support to Islamic financial services and products and identifies specific areas where the judiciary has helped to shape the industry in line with the original value proposition of Islamic financial intermediation. While relying on qualitative legal methods with comparative case analysis from different jurisdictions, this study conducts cross-jurisdiction case analyses and identifies the role of judiciary in introducing sustainable practices. It concludes that the judicial function has played a significant role in ensuring justice and fairness through purposive interpretation of contracts, recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards and judgments, consistency and predictability of outcomes, legal risk mitigation, and facilitation of mediation and arbitral proceedings, thereby positively reshaping the future of Islamic financial services industry. Above all, the availability of binding judicial precedents, which is hitherto not common for Islamic law matters, is a welcome development in the Islamic financial services industry.
Voices of School-Age Street-Children Denied Basic Education in Tanzania
Authors: Anangisye William A.L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the findings of a study that was conducted to explore issues related to the continued denial of school-age street-children access to and, hence, lack of participation in basic education. Such children from socially and economically marginalised backgrounds still go without basic education the efforts to arrest the trend dating back to the 1960s notwithstanding. Specifically, it revisits reasons and activities behind their exclusion from accessing, and participating in basic education amid concerted national, regional and international efforts to advocate and foster universal basic education. The qualitative study was conducted on the streets of Dar es Salaam and Iringa regions of Tanzania. The qualitative inquiry informed data generation and analysis procedures. The study found that destitution was the primary reason that made school-age children forgo basic education. Moreover, the activities street-children engaged in at the expense of primary schooling were mainly labour-intensive, which threatened their health. On the whole, despite official pronouncements, some children still remain excluded from accessing and participating in primary education, thus undermining the sustainable development goal four.
A Sellarsian Transcendental Argument against External World Skepticism
Authors: Geier Marin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the relation between what James Conant has called Kantian and Cartesian varieties of skepticism. It is argued that a solution to the most prominent example of a Kantian variety of skepticism, i.e. Kripkensteinian skepticism about rule-following and meaning, can be found in the works of Wilfrid Sellars. It is then argued that, on the basis of that very same solution to the Kantian problematic of rule-following and meaning, a novel argument against external world skepticism can be formulated. This argument takes the shape of a transcendental argument, which is reminiscent of Hilary Putnam’s infamous argument against the brain-in-a-vat hypothesis, but is, as is argued, superior to it in certain respects.
Are There Heavyweight Perceptual Reasons?
Authors: Ranalli Chris 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Genia Schönbaumsfeld has recently argued for the view that our ordinary perceptual reasons provide support for heavyweight metaphysical and epistemological views, such as that there is a mind-independent physical world. Call this the Heavyweight Reasons Thesis. In this paper, I argue that we should reject the Heavyweight Reasons Thesis. I also argue that the rejection of the Heavyweight Reasons Thesis is compatible with the Factive Perceptual Reasons Thesis, the thesis that our perceptual reasons for our ordinary beliefs can be factive, but that factive reasons aren’t necessarily better reasons than subjectively indiscriminable non-factive reasons.
A Statistical–Dynamical Downscaling for the Urban Heat Island and Building Energy Consumption—Analysis of Its Uncertainties
Authors: Schoetter Robert , Hidalgo Julia , Jougla Renaud , Masson Valéry , Rega Mario , Pergaud Julien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh-resolution maps of the urban heat island (UHI) and building energy consumption are relevant for urban planning in the context of climate change mitigation and adaptation. A statistical–dynamical downscaling for these parameters is proposed in the present study. It combines a statistical local weather type approach with dynamical simulations using the mesoscale atmospheric model Meso-NH coupled to the urban canopy model Town Energy Balance. The downscaling is subject to uncertainties related to the weather type approach (statistical uncertainty) and to the numerical models (dynamical uncertainty). These uncertainties are quantified for two French cities (Toulouse and Dijon) for which long-term dense high-quality observations are available. The seasonal average nocturnal UHI intensity is simulated with less than 0.2 K bias for Dijon, but it is overestimated by up to 0.8 K for Toulouse. The sensitivity of the UHI intensity to weather type is, on average, captured by Meso-NH. The statistical uncertainty is as large as the dynamical uncertainty if only one day is simulated for each weather type. It can be considerably reduced if 3–6 days are taken instead. The UHI reduces the building energy consumption by 10% in the center of Toulouse; it should therefore be taken into account in the production of building energy consumption maps.
Referral Prioritization in Home Care Occupational Therapy: A Matter of Perspective
Authors: Raymond Marie-Hélène , Feldman Debbie Ehrmann , Demers Louise 
Published: April 2020

Background. Prioritizing referrals for home care occupational therapy is somewhat subjective, and public and patient perspectives on waiting list priorities are unknown. Purpose. To explore the views of home care occupational therapists (OTs), older persons (OPs) and adults with disabilities on waiting list priorities, as well as issues and challenges underlying these priorities. Method. We conducted in-depth interviews with 11 OTs, 10 OPs and 9 adults with disabilities. Participants were asked to prioritize referral scenarios while explaining their choices. Directed and conventional content analysis allowed the identification of themes for each group of participants. Findings. OTs experienced conflicts of values but mainly prioritized referrals based on client safety. OPs sought to maximize client’s independence, and persons with disabilities aimed to improve clients’ social participation. Implications. OTs should seek the perspectives of their target clientele on referral prioritization criteria and strive to adjust prioritization practices accordingly.
Evaluation and optimization of a clinical pharmacist driven transitions of care model for malignant hematology
Authors: Wind Lucas S , Knight Thomas G , Auten Jessica J , Bates Jill S , Marucci Leonardo , Creedle Crista J , Foster Matthew C , Muluneh Benyam 
Published: April 2020

Purpose To implement and optimize a pilot transitions of care model for scheduled chemotherapy admissions in patients with hematologic malignancies at our institution. Methodology: We utilized the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) quality improvement technique to prospectively measure success of interventions related to improving transitions of care processes that occurred in multiple stages including development of standardized operating procedures, electronic medical record documentation, and education to the malignant hematology multidisciplinary group. Chart review was performed retrospectively for at least nine patients per PDSA cycle. Areas of intervention addressed and measured regarding communication between the ambulatory care and acute care settings included: admission purpose, processes related to insurance benefits investigations for specialty medications required in the post-discharge setting, and plan for growth factors, prophylactic antimicrobials, and follow-up. Results and conclusions: We included 28 patients and performed a total of three PDSA cycles demonstrating specific improvements in: communication regarding status of benefits investigations performed for specialty medications prior to admission, resolution of these benefits investigations at various time points, improvement in efficient use of the electronic medical record for chemotherapy orders, and patient instructions for appropriate use of prophylactic antimicrobials. Although improvement was noted initially with prescribing of discharge antiemetics and antimicrobials, regression to baseline was noted with the third PDSA cycle.
Attitudes towards exercise among medical specialists who manage patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Chia Karen S. W. , Wong Peter K. K. , Gonzalez Senen , Kotlyar Eugene , Faux Steven G. , Shiner Christine T. 
Published: April 2020

Exercise training was not traditionally recommended for patients with pulmonary hypertension. However, recent work has demonstrated that exercise improves endurance and quality‐of‐life in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Unfortunately, patients with pulmonary hypertension are often sedentary. While some studies have examined patient attitudes to exercise, none have investigated physician perspectives on exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension. This multinational survey of physicians involved in treating patients with pulmonary hypertension sought to ascertain physician attitudes to exercise and physician‐identified barriers and enablers of exercise in this patient population. We collected cross‐sectional survey data from a cohort of 280 physicians, including rehabilitation physicians, cardiologists, respiratory physicians and rheumatologists. We found that overall, 86% physicians recommended exercise, in line with current guidelines, although there were differences in the rationale for prescribing exercise and in the type of exercise prescription. Barriers to exercise included patient‐related factors, such as patient ill health preventing exercise; poor patient motivation and lack of understanding regarding the benefits of exercise. Systemic barriers included cost/funding issues and limited availability of appropriate services. Perceived enablers of exercise included access to appropriate programmes, provision of education and supportive treating clinicians. Further research is required to identify and implement interventions to promote physical activity in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Clinical correlates of insomnia in patients with persistent post-traumatic headache compared with migraine
Authors: Kim Soo-Kyoung , Chong Catherine D. , Dumkrieger Gina , Ross Katherine , Berisha Visar , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Close associations between insomnia with other clinical factors have been identified in migraine, but there have been few studies investigating associations between insomnia and clinical factors in patients with persistent post-traumatic headache (PPTH). The study objective was to contrast the severity of insomnia symptoms in PPTH, migraine, and healthy controls, and to identify factors associated with insomnia in patients with PPTH vs. migraine.

Methods
In this cross-sectional cohort study, 57 individuals with PPTH attributed to mild traumatic brain injury, 39 with migraine, and 39 healthy controls were included. Participants completed a detailed headache characteristics questionnaire, the Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), Allodynia Symptom Checklist, Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) checklist, Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and the Trail Making Test A and B to assess headache characteristics, disability, insomnia symptoms, sensory hypersensitivities, and neuropsychological factors. Fisher’s test and one-way ANOVA or Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference were used to assess group differences of categorical and continuous data. Stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical variables associated with insomnia symptoms.

Results
Those with PPTH had significantly higher ISI scores (16.7 ± 6.6) compared to migraine patients (11.3 ± 6.4) and healthy controls (4.1 ± 4.8) (p <  0.001). For those with PPTH, insomnia severity was most strongly correlated with the BDI (Spearman’s rho (ρ) = 0.634, p <  0.01), followed by Trait Anxiety (ρ = 0.522, p <  0.01), PTSD (ρ = 0.505, p <  0.01), HQ (ρ = 0.469, p <  0.01), State Anxiety (ρ = 0.437, p <  0.01), and MIDAS scores (ρ = 0.364, p <  0.01). According to linear regression models, BDI, headache intensity, and hyperacusis scores were significantly positively associated with insomnia severity in those with PPTH, while only delayed memory recall was negatively associated with insomnia severity in those with migraine.

Conclusions
Insomnia symptoms were more severe in those with PPTH compared to migraine and healthy control cohorts. Depression, headache intensity, and hyperacusis were associated with insomnia in individuals with PPTH. Future studies should determine the bidirectional impact of treating insomnia and its associated symptoms.
Controlling DNA Translocation Through Solid-state Nanopores
Authors: Yuan Zhishan , Liu Youming , Dai Min , Yi Xin , Wang Chengyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCompared with the status of bio-nanopores, there are still several challenges that need to be overcome before solid-state nanopores can be applied in commercial DNA sequencing. Low spatial and low temporal resolution are the two major challenges. Owing to restrictions on nanopore length and the solid-state nanopores’ surface properties, there is still room for improving the spatial resolution. Meanwhile, DNA translocation is too fast under an electrical force, which results in the acquisition of few valid data points. The temporal resolution of solid-state nanopores could thus be enhanced if the DNA translocation speed is well controlled. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the methods of improving spatial resolution and concentrate on controllable methods to promote the resolution of nanopore detection. In addition, we provide a perspective on the development of DNA sequencing by nanopores.
Prediction Network of Metamaterial with Split Ring Resonator Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Hou Zheyu , Tang Tingting , Shen Jian , Li Chaoyang , Li Fuyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe introduction of “metamaterials” has had a profound impact on several fields, including electromagnetics. Designing a metamaterial’s structure on demand, however, is still an extremely time-consuming process. As an efficient machine learning method, deep learning has been widely used for data classification and regression in recent years and in fact shown good generalization performance. We have built a deep neural network for on-demand design. With the required reflectance as input, the parameters of the structure are automatically calculated and then output to achieve the purpose of designing on demand. Our network has achieved low mean square errors (MSE), with MSE of 0.005 on both the training and test sets. The results indicate that using deep learning to train the data, the trained model can more accurately guide the design of the structure, thereby speeding up the design process. Compared with the traditional design process, using deep learning to guide the design of metamaterials can achieve faster, more accurate, and more convenient purposes.
The primary cilium dampens proliferative signaling and represses a G2/M transcriptional network in quiescent myoblasts
Authors: Venugopal Nisha , Ghosh Ananga , Gala Hardik , Aloysius Ajoy , Vyas Neha , Dhawan Jyotsna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Reversible cell cycle arrest (quiescence/G0) is characteristic of adult stem cells and is actively controlled at multiple levels. Quiescent cells also extend a primary cilium, which functions as a signaling hub. Primary cilia have been shown to be important in multiple developmental processes, and are implicated in numerous developmental disorders. Although the association of the cilium with G0 is established, the role of the cilium in the control of the quiescence program is still poorly understood.

Results
Primary cilia are dynamically regulated across different states of cell cycle exit in skeletal muscle myoblasts: quiescent myoblasts elaborate a primary cilium in vivo and in vitro, but terminally differentiated myofibers do not. Myoblasts where ciliogenesis is ablated using RNAi against a key ciliary assembly protein (IFT88) can exit the cell cycle but display an altered quiescence program and impaired self-renewal. Specifically, the G0 transcriptome in IFT88 knockdown cells is aberrantly enriched for G2/M regulators, suggesting a focused repression of this network by the cilium. Cilium-ablated cells also exhibit features of activation including enhanced activity of Wnt and mitogen signaling and elevated protein synthesis via inactivation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results show that the primary cilium integrates and dampens proliferative signaling, represses translation and G2/M genes, and is integral to the establishment of the quiescence program.
Validation of in-house liquid direct agglutination test antigen: the potential diagnostic test in visceral Leishimaniasis endemic areas of Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ayelign Birhanu , Jemal Mohammedamin , Negash Markos , Genetu Meaza , Wondmagegn Tadelo , Zeleke Ayalew Jejaw , Worku Ligabaw , Bayih Abebe Genetu , Shumie Girma , Behaksra Sinknesh Wolde , Fenta Tiruwork , Damte Demekech , Yeshanew Arega , Gadisa Endalamaw 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia is a re-emerging threat to public health, with increased geographical distribution and number of cases. It is a fatal disease without early diagnosis and treatment; thus, the availability of affordable diagnostic tools is crucial. However, due to delays caused by import regulations, procurement and late delivery of imported test kits, accessibility remains a problem in the control program. Therefore, we aimed to produce and evaluate the performance of an in-house liquid (AQ) direct agglutination test (DAT) antigen.ResultThe AQ-DAT was produced at the Armauer Hansen Research Institute, usingLeishmania donovanistrain (MHOM/ET/67/L82). Sera from 272 participants; 110 microscopically confirmed cases of VL, 76 apparently healthy and 86 patients who had infectious disease other than VL were tested with AQ-DAT, and standard kits: Freeze-dried DAT (FD-DAT) and rK39. Taking microscopy as a gold standard; the sensitivity and specificity of the AQ-DAT were 97.3 and 98.8%, respectively. It had high degrees of agreement (k > 0.8), with a significant (P < 0.05) correlation compared to microscopy, FD-DAT, and rK39.ConclusionAlthough further standardization is required, the in-house AQ-DAT could improve diagnostic accessibility, minimize intermittent stock outs and strengthen the national VL control program.