bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-operative pain following cardiac implantable electronic device implantation: insights from the BRUISE CONTROL trials
Authors: Nair Girish M , Birnie David H , Sumner Glen L , Krahn Andrew D , Healey Jeffrey S , Nery Pablo B , Kalfon Eli , Verma Atul , Ayala-Paredes Felix , Coutu Benoit , Becker Giuliano , Philippon François , Eikelboom John , Sandhu Roopinder K , Sapp John , Leather Richard , Yung Derek , Thibault , Bernard , Simpson Christopher S , Ahmad Kamran , Sturmer Marcio , Kavanagh Katherine , Crystal Eugene , Wells George A , Essebag Vidal ,   for the BRUISE CONTROL Investigators
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Post-operative pain following cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) insertion is associated with patient dissatisfaction, emotional distress, and emergency department visits. We sought to identify factors associated with post-operative pain and develop a prediction score for post-operative pain.

Methods and results
All patients from the BRUISE CONTROL-1 and 2 trials were included in this analysis. A validated Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of pain related to CIED implant procedures. Patients were asked to grade the most severe post-operative pain, average post-operative pain, and pain on the day of the first post-operative clinic. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of significant post-operative pain and to develop a pain-prediction score. A total of 1308 patients were included. Multivariable regression analysis found that the presence of post-operative clinically significant haematoma {CSH; P value &lt; 0.001; odds ratio (OR) 3.82 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.37–6.16]}, de novo CIED implantation [P value &lt; 0.001; OR 1.90 (95% CI: 1.47–2.46)], female sex [P value &lt; 0.001; OR 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22–2.12)], younger age [&lt;65 years; P value &lt; 0.001; OR 1.54 (95% CI: 1.14–2.10)], and lower body mass index [&lt;20 kg/m2; P value &lt; 0.05; OR 2.05 (95% CI: 0.98–4.28)] demonstrated strong and independent associations with increased post-operative pain. An 11-point post-operative pain prediction score was developed using the data.

Conclusion
Our study has identified multiple predictors of post-operative pain after CIED insertion. We have developed a prediction score for post-operative pain that can be used to identify individuals at risk of experiencing significant post-operative pain.
Proteomic characterization of a second-generation version of the BCGΔBCG1419c vaccine candidate by means of electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Velázquez-Fernández Jesús Bernardino , Ferreira-Souza Gustavo Henrique Martins , Rodríguez-Campos Jacobo , Aceves-Sánchez Michel de Jesús , Bravo-Madrigal Jorge , Vallejo-Cardona Alba Adriana , Flores-Valdez Mario Alberto 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) is the most important infectious disease worldwide, based on the number of new cases and deaths reported by the World Health Organization. Several vaccine candidates against TB have been characterized at preclinical and clinical levels. The BCGΔBCG1419c vaccine candidate, which lacks the BCG1419c gene that encodes for a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, provides improved efficacy against chronic TB, reactivation from latent-like infection and against chronic TB in the presence of type 2 diabetes in murine models. We previously reported that compared with wild type BCG, BCGΔBCG1419c changed levels of several proteins. Here, using a label-free proteomic approach, we confirmed that a novel, second-generation version of BCGΔBCG1419c maintains changes in antigenic proteins already reported, and here we further found differences in secreted proteins, as well as that this new BCGΔBCG1419c version modifies its production of proteins involved in redox and nitrogen/protein metabolism compared with wild type BCG. This work contributes to the proteomic characterization of a novel vaccine candidate that is more effective against TB than parental BCG in diverse murine models.
A proteomic glimpse into the effect of antimalarial drugs onPlasmodium falciparumproteome towards highlighting possible therapeutic targets
Authors: Dousti Majid , Manzano-Román Raúl , Rashidi Sajad , Barzegar Gholamreza , Ahmadpour Niloofar Bavarsad , Mohammadi Alireza , Hatam Gholamreza 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThere is no effective vaccine against malaria; therefore, chemotherapy is to date the only choice to fight against this infectious disease. However, there is growing evidences of drug-resistance mechanisms in malaria treatments. Therefore, the identification of new drug targets is an urgent need for the clinical management of the disease. Proteomic approaches offer the chance of determining the effects of antimalarial drugs on the proteome of Plasmodium parasites. Accordingly, we reviewed the effects of antimalarial drugs on the Plasmodium falciparum proteome pointing out the relevance of several proteins as possible drug targets in malaria treatment. In addition, some of the P. falciparum stage-specific altered proteins and parasite–host interactions might play important roles in pathogenicity, survival, invasion and metabolic pathways and thus serve as potential sources of drug targets. In this review, we have identified several proteins, including thioredoxin reductase, helicases, peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase, endoplasmic reticulum-resident calcium-binding protein, choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, apical membrane antigen 1, glutamate dehydrogenase, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, heat shock protein 70x, knob-associated histidine-rich protein and erythrocyte membrane protein 1, as promising antimalarial drugs targets. Overall, proteomic approaches are able to partially facilitate finding possible drug targets. However, the integration of other ‘omics’ and specific pharmaceutical techniques with proteomics may increase the therapeutic properties of the critical proteins identified in the P. falciparum proteome.
Comparative Genomics within and across Bilaterians Illuminates the Evolutionary History of ALK and LTK Proto-Oncogene Origination and Diversification
Authors: Dornburg Alex , Wang Zheng , Wang Junrui , Mo Elizabeth S , López-Giráldez Francesc , Townsend Jeffrey P 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComparative genomic analyses have enormous potential for identifying key genes central to human health phenotypes, including those that promote cancers. In particular, the successful development of novel therapeutics using model species requires phylogenetic analyses to determine molecular homology. Accordingly, we investigate the evolutionary histories of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)—which can underlie tumorigenesis in neuroblastoma, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma—its close relative leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) and their candidate ligands. Homology of ligands identified in model organisms to those functioning in humans remains unclear. Therefore, we searched for homologs of the human genes across metazoan genomes, finding that the candidate ligands Jeb and Hen-1 were restricted to nonvertebrate species. In contrast, the ligand augmentor (AUG) was only identified in vertebrates. We found two ALK-like and four AUG-like protein-coding genes in lamprey. Of these six genes, only one ALK-like and two AUG-like genes exhibited early embryonic expression that parallels model mammal systems. Two copies of AUG are present in nearly all jawed vertebrates. Our phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the presence of previously unrecognized functional convergences of ALK and LTK between actinopterygians and sarcopterygians—despite contemporaneous, highly conserved synteny of ALK and LTK. These findings provide critical guidance regarding the propriety of fish and mammal models with regard to model organism-based investigation of these medically important genes. In sum, our results provide the phylogenetic context necessary for effective investigations of the functional roles and biology of these critically important receptors.
Taking a Break: Daily Respite Effects of Adult Day Services as Objective and Subjective Time Away From Caregiving
Authors: Wylie Molly J , Kim Kyungmin , Liu Yin , Zarit Steven H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Adult day services (ADS) can provide emotional and physical relief for caregivers of persons with dementia. While prior studies conceptualized ADS use at the aggregate level as a dichotomous construct, little is known about objective and subjective respite as distinct constructs. This study investigated how objective and subjective breaks from caregiving were associated with caregivers’ daily emotional well-being.

Research Design and Methods
Family caregivers (N = 173) whose relatives were using ADS at least twice a week participated in daily interviews over 8 consecutive days (day N = 1,359). Participants provided information on daily respite hours and daily affect. They also reported perceived frequency of breaks from caregiving responsibilities and primary and secondary caregiving stressors (i.e., overload and work conflict). Multilevel models were used to examine the research questions.

Results
On average, caregivers reported 7.12 respite hours on ADS days and 1.74 respite hours on non-ADS days. Having more objective respite was associated with higher positive affect, whereas more subjective respite was associated with lower negative affect, after controlling for ADS use and other covariates. Further, caregivers with greater work conflict experienced more benefits to their positive affect as a result of objective respite.

Discussion and Implications
Objective and subjective respite are unique aspects of caregiving that may have varying impact on caregivers. Respite may be especially beneficial for caregivers experiencing conflict between work and caregiving.
A proteomic approach reveals possible molecular mechanisms and roles for endosymbiotic bacteria in begomovirus transmission by whiteflies
Authors: Kliot Adi , Johnson Richard S , MacCoss Michael J , Kontsedalov Svetlana , Lebedev Galina , Czosnek Henryk , Heck Michelle , Ghanim Murad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Many plant viruses are vector-borne and depend on arthropods for transmission between host plants. Begomoviruses, the largest, most damaging and emerging group of plant viruses, infect hundreds of plant species, and new virus species of the group are discovered each year. Begomoviruses are transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex in a persistent-circulative manner. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating begomoviruses worldwide and causes major losses in tomato crops, as well as in many agriculturally important plant species. Different B. tabaci populations vary in their virus transmission abilities; however, the causes for these variations are attributed among others to genetic differences among vector populations, as well as to differences in the bacterial symbionts housed within B. tabaci.

Results
Here, we performed discovery proteomic analyses in 9 whitefly populations from both Middle East Asia Minor I (MEAM1, formerly known as B biotype) and Mediterranean (MED, formerly known as Q biotype) species. We analysed our proteomic results on the basis of the different TYLCV transmission abilities of the various populations included in the study. The results provide the first comprehensive list of candidate insect and bacterial symbiont (mainly Rickettsia) proteins associated with virus transmission.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that the proteomic signatures of better vector populations differ considerably when compared with less efficient vector populations in the 2 whitefly species tested in this study. While MEAM1 efficient vector populations have a more lenient immune system, the Q efficient vector populations have higher abundance of proteins possibly implicated in virus passage through cells. Both species show a strong link of the facultative symbiont Rickettsia to virus transmission.
Perigraft reaction and incorporation of porcine and bovine pericardial patches
Authors: Schlachtenberger Georg , Doerr Fabian , Brezina Annamaria , Menghesha Hruy , Heldwein Matthias B , Bennink Gerardus , Menger Michael D , Moussavian Mohammed , Hekmat Khosro , Wahlers Thorsten 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Bovine and porcine pericardial patches are frequently used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery. There are no guidelines recommending the usage of these patches for particular surgical approaches. However, these 2 materials supposedly possess different properties. The clinical advantage of porcine compared with bovine patches remains controversial. In this experimental study, we analysed the incorporation and vascularization of bovine and porcine pericardial patches during the initial phase after implantation.

METHODS
Bovine and porcine pericardial patches were implanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of C57BL/6 mice (n = 8 per group) to study vascularization and inflammation at the implantation site using repetitive intravital fluorescence microscopy over a 14-day period. At the end of the in vivo experiments, CD-31-positive cells were determined to evaluate the vascularization by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, cell proliferation and apoptosis were analysed immunohistochemically.

RESULTS
Implanted bovine patches exhibited an enhanced vascularization, as indicated by a significantly higher number of CD-31-positive cells and micro-vessels (23.2 ± 4.3 vs 16.5 ± 5.8 mm−2; P = 0.001). Furthermore, bovine patches showed a slightly but not significantly higher functional capillary density. Both patches induced a moderate leukocytic inflammatory host tissue response, and neither bovine nor porcine patches significantly affected apoptosis and cell proliferation at the implantation site.

CONCLUSIONS
Bovine and porcine pericardial patches are similarly suitable for surgery. Bovine patches exhibited an improved vascularization during the first 14 days after implantation. This may result in a quicker and improved incorporation into the surrounding tissue compared with porcine pericardial patches.
Making Peace or Preventing It? UN Peacekeeping, Terrorism, and Civil War Negotiations
Authors: Hinkkainen Elliott Kaisa , Polo Sara M T , Reyes Liana Eustacia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have highlighted that United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations are effective at reducing violence during civil wars. But can these operations also change the incentives of the warring parties and lead them to pursue non-violent alternatives? This article provides the first direct test of UN peacekeeping troops’ effectiveness at inducing non-violent engagements, specifically negotiations during civil wars. Our analysis of disaggregated monthly data on peace operations, negotiations, and violence in African conflicts (1989–2009) reveals that sizable deployments of UN military troops, by themselves, are insufficient to foster negotiations, even when they reduce battlefield violence. Instead, the probability of negotiation instances is conditional on rebel tactics. We posit, when rebels engage in terrorism, peacekeeping troops can inadvertently alter the “power to hurt” of the belligerents in favor of rebel groups and create conditions conducive to negotiations. Our results have important implications for research on the effectiveness of both peacekeeping and terrorism and for policy-making.
Big data and competition analysis under Australian competition law: comeback of the structuralist approach?
Authors: Balasingham Baskaran , Jordan Hannah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Competition assessment in Australia has traditionally been based on an evaluation of the market structure relying on five factors, namely the degree of market concentration, the height of barriers to entry, the extent of product differentiation, the extent of vertical integration, and the nature of arrangements between firms. These factors, known as the ‘QCMA factors’, are characteristic of competition in the manufacturing industries of the ‘old economy’. Since the ascendancy of Chicago and Post-Chicago School thinking competition analysis in Australia has also taken into consideration non-structural factors. However, in light of the dominance of big tech companies in online markets, the so-called ‘Neo-Brandeisian School’ has advocated focusing on structural elements that are characteristic of online markets. This article examines to what extent the QCMA factors still a suitable structural framework for the assessment of competition in online markets.
The Getty Gnaios
Authors: Lapatin Kenneth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An amethyst intaglio depicting the Roman general Mark Antony and inscribed ‘Gnaios’ has been much lauded and frequently illustrated over the past fifty years. Other gems signed by this ancient engraver have been prized, replicated and forged for centuries. This article traces the amethyst, previously in the Ionides collection and acquired by the J. Paul Getty Museum in 2001, to the possession of Prince Stanislas Poniatowski, and demonstrates that, rather than dating to the late first century bc, it was cut by Giovanni Calandrelli between 1817 and 1824, apparently to complement a similarly inscribed gem thought to depict Cleopatra. The amethyst’s reception exemplifies the desire of collectors to possess creations of renowned artists, scholars eager to construct compelling narratives around superb works of art, and over-optimistic reliance on expert authority. ‘Master Gnaios’ even appears in well-researched historical fiction. Thus, the Getty gem is another demonstration of the enduring and transformative power of outstanding forgeries.
Emergence of Walnut Husk Maggot Adults in Central Illinois and Potential for Control with Metarhizium brunneum
Authors: Behle Robert W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The walnut husk maggot, Rhagoletis sauvis (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), causes damage to walnuts when maggots feed inside the husk. September applications of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium brunneum F52 as microsclerotia laced granules to the soil in Illinois were evaluated for pest control based on adult emergence during the following summer. Over 3 yr in central Illinois, adult emergence began near 1 July, peaked before 23 July, and emergence extended as late as 23 August. One summer application of fungus (30 June) when pupae were present, did not reduce fly emergence. Of two September applications that targeted maggots as they move to the soil to pupate, one significantly reduced the number of flies emerging from treated plots when compared with untreated plots for one 7-d sample collected 29 July 2020. Emergence trap data show a defined peak adult emergence in July for central Illinois while September applications of granules containing Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) show shows potential to reduced subsequent fly emergence.
Comparing 5-Year and Lifetime Risks of Breast Cancer using the Prospective Family Study Cohort
Authors: MacInnis Robert J , Knight Julia A , Chung Wendy K , Milne Roger L , Whittemore Alice S , Buchsbaum Richard , Liao Yuyan , Zeinomar Nur , Dite Gillian S , Southey Melissa C , Goldgar David , Giles Graham G , Kurian Allison W ,   kConFab Investigators, Andrulis Irene L , John Esther M , Daly Mary B , Buys Saundra S , Phillips Kelly-Anne , Hopper John L , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinical guidelines often use predicted lifetime risk from birth to define criteria for making decisions regarding breast cancer screening rather than thresholds based on absolute 5-year risk from current age.

Methods
We used the Prospective Family Cohort Study of 14 657 women without breast cancer at baseline in which, during a median follow-up of 10 years, 482 women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We examined the performances of the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS) and Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA) risk models when using the alternative thresholds by comparing predictions based on 5-year risk with those based on lifetime risk from birth and remaining lifetime risk. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Using IBIS, the areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves were 0.66 (95% confidence interval = 0.63 to 0.68) and 0.56 (95% confidence interval = 0.54 to 0.59) for 5-year and lifetime risks, respectively (Pdiff &lt; .001). For equivalent sensitivities, the 5-year incidence almost always had higher specificities than lifetime risk from birth. For women aged 20-39 years, 5-year risk performed better than lifetime risk from birth. For women aged 40 years or older, receiver-operating characteristic curves were similar for 5-year and lifetime IBIS risk from birth. Classifications based on remaining lifetime risk were inferior to 5-year risk estimates. Results were similar using BOADICEA.

Conclusions
Our analysis shows that risk stratification using clinical models will likely be more accurate when based on predicted 5-year risk compared with risks based on predicted lifetime and remaining lifetime, particularly for women aged 20-39 years.
Evaluation of the Core Formation Process in Congenital Neuromuscular Disease With Uniform Type 1 Fiber and Central Core Disease
Authors: Ogasawara Masashi , Ogawa Megumu , Nonaka Ikuya , Hayashi Shinichiro , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Typical central core disease (CCD) is characterized pathologically by the presence of a core and is accompanied by type 1 fiber uniformity. Congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type 1 fiber (CNMDU1) is characterized pathologically by the presence of type 1 fiber uniformity but without the abnormal structural changes in muscle fibers. Interestingly, typical CCD and 40% of CNMDU1 cases are caused by the same mutations in RYR1, and thus CNMDU1 has been considered an early precursor to CCD. To better understand the nature of CNMDU1, we re-evaluated muscle biopsies from 16 patients with CNMDU1 using immunohistochemistry to RYR1, triadin and TOM20, and compared this to muscle biopsies from 36 typical CCD patients. In CCD, RYR1, and triadin were present in the core regions, while TOM20 was absent in the core regions. Interestingly, in 5 CNMDU1 cases with the RYR1 mutation, RYR1, and triadin were similarly present in core-like areas, while TOM20 was absent in the subsarcolemmal region. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the core position and the disease duration or progression—the older patients in more advanced stages had more centralized cores. Our results indicate that CNMDU1 due to RYR1 mutation is a de facto core myopathy.
Elections, Ideology, and Turnover in the US Federal Government
Authors: Bolton Alexander , de Figueiredo John M , Lewis David E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA defining feature of public sector employment in the United States is the regular change in elected leadership. We describe how these changes alter policy and disrupt civil servants’ influence over agency decisions, potentially shaping their career choices. Using data on careers from over three million federal employees in the United States from 1988 to 2011, we evaluate how administration changes influence turnover in a series of regression analyses. We find substantial stability in the civil service but also some pockets of responsiveness to political factors, particularly among career senior executives in agencies with views divergent from the president’s. A combination of factors, including transitions, policy priorities, and ideological differences, could increase turnover propensity for these employees by nearly one-third in some agencies over an administration’s first term. This has implications for understanding possible mechanisms linking politics and organizational capacity and for understanding how and for whom politics is influential in career decisions.