bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus flavus induced oxidative stress and immunosuppressive activity in Spodoptera litura as well as safety for mammals
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Chadha Pooja , Kaur Sanehdeep , Kaur Amarjeet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

In the last few decades, considerable attention has been paid to entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents, however little is known about their mode of action and safety. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of Aspergillus flavus in insect Spodoptera litura by analyzing the effect of fungal extract on antioxidant and cellular immune defense. In antioxidant defense, the lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde content) and antioxidant enzymes activities (Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase) were examined. In cellular immune defense, effect of A. flavus extract was analyzed on haemocytes using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, mammalian toxicity was analyzed with respect to DNA damage induced in treated rat relative to control by comet assay using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney).
Results

Ethyl acetate extract of A. flavus was administrated to the larvae of S.litura using artificial diet method having concentration 1340.84 µg/ml (LC50 of fungus). The effect was observed using haemolymph of insect larvae for different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96). In particular, Malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased in treated larvae as compared to control. A. flavus ethyl acetate extract also exhibit negative impact on haemocytes having major role in cellular immune defense. Various deformities were observed in different haemocytes like cytoplasmic leakage and surface abnormalities etc. Genotoxicity on rat was assessed using different tissues of rat (blood, liver, and kidney) by comet assay. Non-significant effect of A. flavus extract was found in all the tissues (blood, liver, and kidney).
Conclusions

Overall the study provides important information regarding the oxidative stress causing potential and immunosuppressant nature of A. flavus against S. litura and its non toxicity to mammals (rat).
Prostate Cancer Care and Survivorship (CaPCaS) Model for Black Men: An Ethnographical Study of Prostate Cancer Survivors
Authors: ODEDINA FOLAKEMI T , Young Mary Ellen , Pereira Deidra , Getachew Dagne , Williams Christopher , Stokes Kenneth , Fathi Parisa , Askins Nissa , Nguyen Jennifer , Kaninjing Ernest 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2020, 191,930 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. The lives of these men will change dramatically as they go through the prostate cancer care and survivorship process. Black men are especially affected, as they are more likely to get and die from prostate cancer. The primary objective of this study was to explain the experiences of Black men across by developing a prostate cancer care and survivorship (CaPCaS) model. Methods: Based on the principles of community engagement research and employing qualitative methodology, we interviewed Black prostate cancer survivors to document their CaPCaS experiences relative to prostate cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship and advocacy using audio and video recordings. Our data analysis plan included preparing and verifying the narrative data, coding data, and developing an interpretive framework for Black men’s experiences across the prostate cancer care continuum. Results: Thirty-two prostate cancer survivors participated in the study. A CaPCaS model was created with themes specific to the trajectory of prostate cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, and advocacy. Contextual themes identified were African Diaspora, Masculinity and Socio-demographic factors. Additionally, we identified cross-cutting factors across the CaPCaS process that included Acculturation, Self-efficacy, Health literacy, Patient-provider racial concordance, Stigma and Spirituality. Conclusion: The CaPCaS model is an explanatory model of prostate cancer care and survivorship factors for Black men and will foster better understanding of behaviors associated with improved prostate cancer outcomes in Black men.
Which Role for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the treatment of Fournier’s gangrene? A Retrospective Study.
Authors: Tutino Roberta , Colli Francesco , Rizzo Giovanna , Licari Leo , Gallo Gaetano , Falco Nicolò , salamone giuseppe , Cocorullo Gianfranco , gulotta gaspare 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In Fournier’s gangrene the surgical debridement plus broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay treatment but can cause a great loss of tissue. Moreover, the local poor blood supply, the infection and the damage to the vessels can delay the healing. Consequently, the disease needs long hospital stays and, despite all, has high mortality rate. The aim of our study is to investigate the improvement offered by hyperbaric therapy in Fournier’s gangrene.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data on 23 consecutive patients admitted for Fournier’s gangrene at the University hospital “P.Giaccone” of Palermo from 2011 to 2018. The relation between hyperbaric therapy, hospital stay and mortality was evaluated. Factors related to mortality were also examined.Results: The use of hyperbaric therapy was offered to 13(56.5%) patients. Hospital stay was longer in patients treated with HBOT[mean11(C.I.0.50-21,89)vs25(C.I.18.02-31.97);p=0.02]. Mortality occurred in three patients(13.1%), two of whom treated with HBOT. Mortality was not statistically related to sex(p=0.20), BMI(p=0.53), renal failure (p=1.00), diabetes(p=0.49), age>65 years old(p=0.55), simplified FGSI>2(p=0.05), higher ASA scores(>=4)(p=0.47), symptoms at admission lasting since more than 72 hours (p=0.28), HBOT(p=1.00), need of colostomy(p=0.06), several operations(p=1.00), several operations plus HBOT(P=1.00). Conversely, the delay between admission and surgical operation was statistically related to mortality, 1.7 days(C.I.0.9-3.5) in survivals vs 6.8 days(C.I.3.5-13.4) in death patients(p=0.001).Conclusions: Our study proves that a delay in the treatment of patients with Fournier’s gangrene has a correlation with the mortality rate, while the use of HBOT seems to not improve the survival rate, increasing the hospital stay instead.
Factors Affecting Hip Rotation Angles in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Tateiwa Toshiyuki , Masaoka Toshinori , Ishida Tsunehito , Shishido Takaaki , Sano Keiji , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSome patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) show postoperative changes in hip rotation. We investigated changes in the hip rotation angles of patients in the standing position before and after THA and the factors associated with such changes.MethodsParticipants included 77 patients (82 joints) who underwent primary THA for hip osteoarthritis. There were 17 joints in men and 65 joints in women, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 65.7 years. Standing hip rotation angles and hip internal/external rotation ranges of motion (ROM) were measured before and 2 weeks after THA to compare preoperative and postoperative measurements. For radiographic measurements, acetabular and cup anteversion, neck and stem anteversion, combined anteversion (CA), and leg length discrepancy were measured before and after THA to investigate the factors associated with changes in standing hip rotation angles.ResultsRegarding standing hip rotation angles, external rotation was 6.9° ± 4.1° before THA and 2.0° ± 2.4° after THA, showing a shift in the internal rotation direction (P = < .0001). The degree of change in standing hip rotation angles before and after THA was found to be negatively correlated with the degree of change in cup anteversion (- 0.429, P = < .0001) and CA (- 0.3012, P = .0063).ConclusionPostoperative changes in standing hip rotation following THA were considered associated with extra-articular position sense, rather than intra-articular position sense, to maintain the balance between the pelvis and proximal femur affected by the angles of the placed implant components.
In Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Surgery, is there a Difference in the Results of Repair made with Single or Double Rows according to the Shape and Size of the Tear?
Authors: Karakus Ozgun , Karaman Ozgur , Sari Ahmet Sinan , Saygi Baransel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the results of patients applied with arthroscopic full layer total layer rotator cuff repair made according to the shape and size of the tear.Methods: The study included a total of 120 patients applied with arthroscopic full layer rotator cuff repair as single or double row repair, comprising 69 (57.5%) females and 51 (42.5%) males. The patients were separated into 3 groups of 40 according to the shape of the tear, as Group A (crescent type), Group B (U type), and Group C (L type). Within each group, classification was made according to the size of the tear. The long-term postoperative functional results were compared between the groups. Results: The mean age of the whole sample was 66.68±6.86 years (range, 50-81 years). A statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of Constant Murley (CM), ASES, and UCLA scores (p<0.05). The scores of Group A of all the scales were found to be higher than those of Group C (p<0.05). In single row and double row repair of small and medium-sized tears of all shapes, no significant difference was determined in respect of the CM and UCLA scores (p>0.05). In the large tears, no significant difference was determined between crescent and U-shaped tears in respect of the CM and UCLA scores (p>0.05). Conclusions: No significant difference was determined between single and double row repair of crescent type tears of all sizes. In the repair of small and medium-sized U type tears, no significant difference was determined between single and double row repair in respect of the CM and UCLA scores. In large U-shaped tears, the CM, ASES, and UCLA scores were determined to be high in double row repair. No significant difference was determined between single and double row repair of L type small and medium-sized tears. In the large L -shaped tears, the results of the single row repair were found to be higher than those of the cases with double row repair.
The role of social ties in functional and emotional health of older adults for healthy ageing: a cross-sectional WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)
Authors: Li Haitao , Wang Xiaohui , Lin Hualiang , Xia Hui , Guo Yanfei , Liang Di , Wu Fan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to examine the impact of social capital on the functional and emotional health of elders and to determine whether social capital mediate the associations of socioeconomic inequalities of functional and emotional health. Methods A Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1 was conducted in eight provinces in China. A total of 7403 people of 60 years and above were included in the study sample. The primary predictor was structural social capital, measured by social ties. The outcomes included functional health and emotional health. Findings Multivariate analyses showed that social ties were positively associated with both functional (β=-0.227; 95% CI: -0.259, -0.194, P<0.001) and emotional health (β=-0.131; 95% CI: -0.163, -0.098, P<0.001). In stratified analysis, these associations were significant across women and men, and across rural and urban respondents. SES had a direct association with both functional and emotional health, whilst an indirect association with social ties. Interpretation We found that a higher level of social capital was associated with better functional and emotional health. Functional and emotional health status was directly corelated with socioeconomic status, mediated by social capital. To promote healthy aging, future interventions could be developed to strengthen elders’ social capital.
Effect of "Motivational Interviewing" and "Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills” on Choosing Mode of Delivery in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shirzad Mahboubeh , Shakibazadeh Elham , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Abedini Mehrandokht , Poursharifi Hamid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cesarean section is an important surgical procedure to save mothers and/or babies’ lives. Current trends show that the rate of Cesarean section is increasing dramatically over the years. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of "motivational interviewing" and "information, motivation and behavioral skills” model on choosing mode of delivery among pregnant women.Methods: In a four-armed, parallel-design randomized controlled trial, 120 women were randomly assigned to three brief interventions and one control groups. We recruited pregnant women referring to Ebnesina hospital, Tehran- Iran from 2019-2020. The intervention groups included: 1) motivational interviewing; 2) face-to-face information, motivation and behavioural skills model; and 3) information, motivation and behavioural skills model provided using a mobile application. The inclusion criteria were being literate, gestational age 24 to 32 weeks, being able to speak Persian, having no complications in the current pregnancy, having no indications for CS, and having enough time to participate in the study. The most important outcomes of the study included women’s intentions to undergo any mode of delivery, women’s self-efficacy in choosing the mode of delivery, and mode of delivery. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and standard deviation), inferential statistics including independent t-test, paired t-test, Chi-squared and One-way ANOVA tests and logistic regression.Results: Following the interventions, significant differences were found in the mode of delivery (P < 0.05) and women’s self-efficacy and intention (P < 0.05). Women who had used the mobile application had more improvements in the self-efficacy and intention than the face-to-face intervention groups.Conclusions: Our study showed positive significant effects of various types of brief interventions to reduce unnecessary Cesarean section rate among the participant women. Providing the intervention using mobile application showed even better results. Our findings may contribute to a rise in normal vaginal delivery; and these simple, non-expensive, tailored to women, and culture-oriented brief interventions can be considered as appropriate strategies to reduce Cesarean section rate in local, national, and/or regional levels.Trial registration: This study has been registered in Iran Randomized Clinical Trial Center (IRCT20151208025431N7). Registered October 07, 2018.
Investigation of Assembly Forces During Creation of Head-Neck Taper Junction Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Wendler Toni , Prietzel Torsten , Möbius Robert , Fischer Jean-Pierre , Roth Andreas , Zajonz Dirk 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAll current total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems are modular in design. Only during the operation femoral head and stem get connected by a Morse taper junction. The junction is realized by hammer blows from the surgeon. Decisive for the junction strength is the maximum force acting once in direction of the neck axis, which depends both on the applied impulse and the damping of human soft tissues. This leads to large differences in assembly forces between the surgeons. The investigation of assembly forces of different surgeons under influence of soft tissue damping is subject of this study.MethodsFirst, a measuring system, consisting of a prosthesis and a hammer, was developed. Both components are equipped with a piezoelectric force sensor. Initially, in situ experiments on human cadavers were carried out using this system in order to determine the actual assembly forces and to characterize the damping properties of human soft tissue. In addition to these experiments, an in vitro model in form of an artificial femur (Sawbones Europe AB, Malmo, Sweden) with implanted measuring stem embedded in gelatine was developed. The gelatine mixture was chosen in such a way that damping properties of the model correspond to those in situ. A study with 31 surgeons was carried out on the in vitro model mentioned above, in which the assembly forces were determined.ResultsA model has been developed, that represents the physiological damping behaviour of human soft tissue. The assembly forces measured on in vitro model were on average 2037.2 N ± 724.9 N and ranged from 822.5 N to 3835.2 N. The comparison of the surgeons showed no significant differences regarding sex (p=0.09), work experience (p=0.71) and number of THAs per year (p=0.69).ConclusionsAll measured assembly forces were below 4 kN, which is recommended in the literature. This could lead to increased corrosion following fretting in the head-neck interface. In addition, there was a very wide range of assembly forces among the surgeons, although other influencing factors such as different implant sizes or materials were not taken into account. To ensure optimal assembly force, the impaction should be standardized, e.g. by an appropriate surgical instrument.
Significance of placental swab in diagnosing vertical transmission in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers.
Authors: Sweeney Isabelle , Assaf Niazy Al , Khan Rizwan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
AimsCurrently, there is limited date on the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. This literature review aims to investigate the possibility of fetal vertical transmission in COVID-19 positive pregnant mothers by diagnosing through placental swabs.MethodsThe search terms ‘pregnant COVID-19 positive mothers’, ‘fetal vertical transmission’ and ‘placental swabs’ were used. 11 papers were selected for this review.ResultsThis literature review comprises 45 COVID-19 positive pregnant women whose placentas and neonates were also analysed by RT-PCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. 43 neonates were successfully delivered primarily via caesarean section out of 45 expectant mothers (96%). 2 mothers did not deliver due to severe preeclampsia and a miscarriage both occurring in the second trimester. 3 neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (7%). We report no neonatal mortality after birth and no maternal mortality. 8 female’s placentas tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 out of a total of 45 tested (18%). Of these 8, 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified in the maternal, neonatal and placental tissue.ConclusionAfter reviewing multiple studies and investigating the nature of placental physiology in SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers we conclude that there is no concrete evidence of vertical transmission occurring between mother and infant. However, there are inconsistencies across the different papers used for this review and further research investigating the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women by using RT-PCR to test the mother, placenta, vaginal fluid, breast milk and infant for SARS-CoV-2 at various stages of transmission is urgently needed.
Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed C−H Activation: Regio-Selective Annulation of Allenes with Benzamide
Authors: Li Tianlei , Li Jishun , Zhu Zihao , Chen Yuyuan , Li Xueyao , Yang Qingyun , Xia Jie , Zhang Wenxuan , Zhang Chao , PAN Wiedong , Wu Song 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have developed an efficient annulation of benzamides with allenes using cobalt and photoredox dual catalysis under an oxygen atmosphere. This reaction provides a mild and environmentally friendly method for the construction of isoquinolinon scaffolds in good to excellent yields, which demonstrates broad substrate scopes, high regioselectivity, and good functional group compatibility. Notably, this transformation feathers an alternative strategy for the regeneration of cobalt catalyst with the aid of Eosin Y. Preliminary mechanism studies reveal that a radical-mediated cascade annulation is involved in this reaction.
Network Pharmacology Approach and Experimental Verification of Huashi Dingtong Decoction Against Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hai-Ya Ge , Lai-Jun Yan , Yan Zhang , Ying-Sheng Zhang , Yu-Yang Lai , Qiu-Dong Geng , Ze-Ling Huang , Nan Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to clarify the ingredients and targets of HSDTT against KOA by network pharmacology,and to verify the mechanism of HSDTT in treatment of KOA in vivo.Methods: Ingredient-target network for HSDTT and KOA was created to identify the potential targets, protein-protein interaction network was used to find the key targets of HSDTT in treatment for KOA, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway was conducted to illuminate the pathway related to KOA treat by HSDTT. Rat model of KOA was established by joint injection in papain.The morphology of cartilage were assessed by H&E. ELISA was used to detect the contents of inflammation cytokines in synovial fluid and synovium. The expression of the pathway protein were assessed by PCR.Results: The results of network pharmacology demonstrate that there are 440 ingredients of HSDTT against knee osteoarthritis by 478 targets.The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway were the key pathways for HSDTT to treat KOA. Morphology of cartilage was improved in the HSDTT group when compared with the model group. Our experiment show that HSDTT can reduced the expressions of p38 and p53 in cartilage, increased the expression of collagenⅡ. The contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in the synovium and COX-2 and PGE-2 in synovial fluid were decreased significantly in the HSDTT group when compared with the model group.Conclusions: Our study indicadites that HSDTT is capable to alleviate inflammation and delay the progression of KOA by p38MAPK signaling pathway.
Frequency Split Analysis of a Ring Vibratory Gyroscope Based on Harmonic Transformation of Parametric Errors
Authors: Xi Xiang , Zhang Yongmeng , Sun Jiangkun , Wu Xuezhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ring vibratory gyroscopes are important angular rate sensors widely used in inertial navigation systems. A highly symmetrical resonator is the core part of the ring vibratory gyroscope. Frequency split is a key parameter which denotes the level of unbalanced mass and stiffness of the resonator. Many research works focus on the precise machining of the resonator for the sake of eliminating frequency split. However, for metallic ring resonators, the decrease of frequency split is not always proportional to the promotion of geometric accuracy. This paper investigates the frequency split of the ring resonator gyroscope caused by parametric errors including geometric and material imperfection via a method of harmonic transformation. The roundness error of the ring resonator is extracted, and then decomposed to a series of orders of harmonic waves. Transformation results show that for the tested resonator, its first 20 orders of harmonic waves contain the main components of the roundness error. Then a precise FEM modeling is built for frequency split analysis. The simulation result shows that the roundness error of the resonator can cause a frequency split of 0.6 Hz, which accounts for 16.2 % of the total frequency split. Based on the metallographic observation and grouping experiment of different metallic resonators, it is deduced that the main frequency split is caused by material heterogeneity. It shows that the material homogenization is as important as precise machining for the resonator of small frequency split. The proposed research provides an instruction to manufacture high quality metallic resonators.