bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La paradoja de los movimientos indígenas en Bolivia (1990-2008)
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin 
Published: October 2020

Entre 1990 y 2008, los movimientos indígenas bolivianos se caracterizaron por la fragmentación a nivel organizativo y discursivo. Sin embargo, pese a esa condición, consiguieron impactos institucionales relevantes como el reconocimiento de derechos colectivos en las reformas constitucionales de 1994 y 2009. Este artículo ofrece una explicación a esta paradoja. La fragmentación se explica porque la estructura de oportunidad política (EOP) generó incentivos para que los movimientos privilegiaran en un primer momento el repertorio institucional-electoral. La «democracia pactada» ofreció incentivos para la participación institucional de los movimientos indígenas, mientras una tradición de represión aumentaba los costos para la acción colectiva de protesta. Ello tuvo consecuencias paradójicas: al mismo tiempo provocó la competencia electoral entre fracciones del movimiento katarista y permitió el establecimiento de alianzas con las élites gubernamentales del MNR para llevar a cabo las reformas de 1994. Por otra parte, los cambios en las EOP con el derrumbe de la «democracia pactada» alentaron la protesta pese a los costos en términos de represión, entre 2000 y 2005. Aunque los movimientos no pudieron generar una articulación estable y orgánica, no todo se explica por las oportunidades y constricciones estructurales, sino también por la agencia de los indígenas. Los movimientos supieron aprovechar oportunidades políticas en coyunturas particulares combinando distintos repertorios, estableciendo alianzas con actores influyentes y creando sus propias oportunidades.
Les parcs archeologiques au risque du parcs de divertissement. Los parques arqueológicos corren el riesgo de convertirse en parques de diversiones
Authors: Roy Jean-Bernard 
Published: October 2020

L’histoire des parcs archéologiques, en France, débute en 1972, avec l’ouverture du Thot, en Dordogne. La première génération de parcs, avec le célèbre Archéodrome de Beaune, en Bourgogne, apparaît en même temps que les parcs naturels régionaux (PNR) et les premiers musées de plein air et écomusées, dans le cadre d’une politique d’aménagement du territoire, pour les sites naturels, archéologiques et historiques. Les parcs utilisent toutes les ressources de la reconstitution des vestiges préhistoriques et historiques, au moyen de l’archéologie expérimentale. Certains d’entre eux intègrent les temps géologiques avec les «dinosaures». Ils sont toujours situés dans des sites naturels. Cette reconstitution du passé est en rupture avec les musées de site traditionnels, avec les risques d’une culture de masse qui privilégie le divertissement au détriment du culturel «disneylandisation»). Le concept s’avère cependant pérationnel pour les nouveaux musées archéologiques qui l’utilisent aujourd’hui: les parcs-musées archéologiques ne sont plus seulement des parcs de divertissement.
Hacia un enfoque balanceado en la educación, capacitación y desarrollo de docentes de inglés en Colombia
Authors: Fernando Macías Diego 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo busca generar reflexión sobre una alternativa en la educación y capacitación de profesores de inglés en Colombia. El autor afirma que se debe promover un balance entre un enfoque micro y un enfoque macro en la educación de profesores de inglés de manera que puedan tener oportunidades para la capacitación en habilidades discretas para la enseñanza de este idioma (v.g. dar instrucciones y verificar comprensión) junto con oportunidades para desarrollar habilidades más complejas (v.g. razonar, reflexionar e inferir) derivadas de bases teóricas y de las experiencias propias de los docentes. Inicialmente, se presenta una descripción de algunas estrategias predominantes en la formación docente, seguido por una descripción más detallada de algunos puntos de vista de la enseñanza y de los enfoques utilizados en la formación de docentes. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones y se ofrecen sugerencias para promover un enfoque balanceado y hacerlo explícito en el diseño e implementación de cursos y programas de desarrollo y capacitación ofrecidos a docentes de lenguas extranjeras.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PENGELOLAAN HUTAN RAKYAT DENGAN POLA AGROFORESTRI BERBASIS KEMITRAAN
Authors: Aruan Nakkok , Irwantoro Irwantoro 
Published: October 2020

Kegiatan implementasi model pengelolaan hutan rakyat dengan pola agroforestri berbasis kemitraan ini, terutama dimaksudkan untuk mengimplementasikan model pengelolaan hutan rakyat dengan pola agroforestry berbasis kemitraan pada obyek kegiatan pengembangan. Implementasi model pengelolaan hutan rakyat dengan pola agroforestri berbasis kemitraan ini ini digolongkan sebagai studi implementasi model/pola dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat dengan pola agroforestry berbasis kemitraan. Tahapan kegiatan implementasi model ini diawali dengan pengembangan kebun bibit komoditi porang dan kapulaga di masing-masing obyek pengembangan, dan untuk masing-masing Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) diberikan bantuan bibit untuk dikembangkan menjadi kebun bibit. Secara simultan dilakukan pelatihan budidaya komoditi porang dan kapulaga untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan anggota KTH dalam pengembangan komoditi porang dan kapulaga tersebut. Selanjutnya secara bertahap masing-masing anggota KTH dapat mulai melakukan penanaman di lahan hutan rakyat miliknya. Kata kunci: pengelolaan hutan rakyat, agroforestry, model/pola kemitraan
MENGARTIKULASIKAN PERENCANAAN PENDIDIKAN DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Kusnandi Kusnandi 
Published: October 2020

Mengartikulasikan perencanaaan pendidikan dapat dimaknai sebagai upaya untuk merumuskan kembali secara kekinian tentang definisi, teori, konsep, dan strategi perencanaan pendidikan yang selaras dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang semakin canggih dan cepat. Prinsip akselerasi, efisiensi, efektifitas dan jaminan kualitas dalam perencanaan pendidikan sudah merupakan sebuah keniscayaan, di era digital.Atas kehendak Alloh SWT, perkembangan teknologi semakin cepat dan semakin canggih dan telah berdampak pada berbagai sektor kehidupan manusia. Dengan teknologi, manusia semakin dipermudah dalam memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan hidupnya dengan munculnya teknologi digital, semua ada di ujung jari. Hampir semua pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup manusia (makanan, minuman, pakaian, listrik, air, telekomunikasi, transportasi, pengobatan, pendidikan, dll) cukup dengan menggunakan tekanan jari di atas smartphone dan komputer melalui akses internet.Para pendidik di semua umur tak bisa mundur untuk menguasai teknologi digital, kalau tidak akan terpental. Bagaimana membuat perencanaan pendidiakn di era digital, diperlukan sebuah artikulasi perencanaan pendidikan di era digital karena tidak bisa lepas dari pengaruh berbagai faktor, antara lain: reformasi, demokrasi, sosial budaya, globalisasi, dan humanisasi yang tetap menempatkan manusia pada porsi yang bernilai tinggi. Apa manfaat dan ancaman dari kemajuan teknologi dalam bidang perencanaan pendidikan di era digital tidak dapat dihindarkan lagi.Artikulasi perencaan pendidikan di era di gital merupakan komponen yang berupa kesatuan untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut. Mengartikulasikan perencanaan pendidikan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk melakukan filter derasnya era digital, agar pendidikan tetap on the tracksesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan yaitu membentuk manusia seutuhnya, bangsa yang tangguh, berakhlak mulia, bermoral, bertoleransi, bekerja sama, membentuk bangsa mempunyai jiwa patriotik, suka menolong sesama, bangsa yang dinamis dan mengawal kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi agar mengantarkan manusia Indonesia beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Alloh SWT.
Fluoroscope-assisted arthroscopic retroarticular drilling for osteochondral lesions of talus with bone grafting – Clinical outcome analysis and review of literature
Authors: Ashraf Munis , Duraiswamy Gopinath , Sahanand Santosh K. , Rajan David V. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Early stages of osteochondral lesions with or without cystic changes are amenable to revitalization and cartilage restoration. In these cases, we assess the outcome using our standard technique and by eliminating the need for malleolar osteotomy.

Materials and Methods:
Seven cases of osteochondral lesion of talus were treated with retroarticular drilling under arthroscopy and fluoroscopy assistance. These cases were followed up for a minimum of 6 months (mean 20 ± 12.53 months). The functional outcome was assessed using American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) hindfoot score.

Results:
The AOFAS increased from 49.28 (±6.7) points to 85 (±9.12) points and was noted to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). 2/7 ankles were lateral sided lesion and had a history of trauma. 6/7 cases had an intact intraoperative cartilage status, whereas one case had Grade C (fissures and fibrillation). However, the location of lesion or the grade of lesion did not influence the results.

Conclusion:
This treatment modality seems to be a feasible option for early lesions and can be considered before alternative cartilage replacement treatment strategies are employed.
analisis Analisis Manajemen Pemeliharaan Alat Kesehatan Di Rumah Sakit X
Authors: Veni Media , Sabarguna Boy S , Wahyudi Arief 
Published: October 2020

Penyelenggaraan kesehatan kepada masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di rumah sakit sangat ditentukan oleh penyediaan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan terutama alat kesehatan. Agar pemeliharaan dapat terselenggara dengan baik maka perlu didukung oleh jumlah SDM, biaya, sarana prasarana, SPO pemeliharaan alat kesehatan dan menggunakan MFK 8 sebagai pedoman. Masalah yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah dalam melakukan pemeliharaan alat kesehatan belum menggunakan standar akreditasi rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu diketahuinya manajemen pemeliharaan alat kesehatan di rumah sakit X. Penelitian ini merupakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2018. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 orang yang diambil berdasarkan prinsip kecukupan. Pengolahan data menggunakan Triangulasi. Analisis data dengan menggunakan analisa isi (Content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemeliharaan alat kesehatan belum berjalan dengan optimal, dikarenakan kurangnya sumber daya manusia dan juga terkendala dengan biaya sehingga berdampak kepada ketersediaan sarana prasarana di rumah sakit dan belum lengkapnya SPO untuk alat kesehatan. Belum adanya regulasi pengelolaan peralatan medis secara tertulis. Belum adanya daftar inventaris dan identifikasi resiko. Belum ditemukannya bukti peralatan medis diperiksa secara teratur. Sudah melakukan uji fungsi setiap alat kesehatan yang ingin dibeli. Sudah melakukan program pemeliharaan preventif dan kalibrasi. Belum mempunyai teknisi (ATEM) untuk melakukan pemeliharaan alat kesehatan.
Enumerating the Number of Connected Vertices Labeled Graph of Order Six with Maximum Ten Loops and Containing No Parallel Edges
Authors: Wamiliana Wamiliana , Amanto Amanto , Usman Mustofa , Ansori Muslim , Puri Fadila Cahya 
Published: October 2020

A Graph G (V, E) is said to be a connected graph if for every two vertices on the graph there exist at least a path connecting them, otherwise, the graph is disconnected. Two edges or more that connect the same pair of vertices are called parallel edges, and an edge that starts and ends at the same vertex is called a loop. A graph is called simple if it containing no loops nor parallel edges. Given n vertices and m edges, m ≥ 1, there are many graphs that can be formed, either connected or disconnected. In this research, we will discuss how to calculate the number of connected vertices labeled graphs of order six (isomorphism graphs are counted as one), with a maximum loop of ten without parallel edges.
Relationship between surface roughness and chip morphology when turning hardened steel
Authors: Abidi Youcef 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hard machining is a process which has become highly recommended in manufacturing industry to replace grinding and perform production. The important technological parameters that determine this process are tool wear, machined surface roughness, cutting force and morphology of the removed chip. In this work, an attempt has been made to analyse the morphology and form of chip removed during turning of hardened steel AISI 1045 (40HRC) with mixed ceramic tool type CC650. Using a Taguchi plan L9, whose factors are cutting speed and feed rate with three levels for each. Macroscopic and microscopic results of chip morphology were correlated with these two cutting parameters additional to surface roughness. Sufficient experimental results were obtained using the mixed ceramic tool when turning of hardened steel AISI 1045 (40HRC) at high cutting speeds. Roughness of machined surface confirmed that it is influenced by feed rate. Chips show a sawtooth shape for all combinations of the experimental plan used. The chip form changed with cutting parameters variation and given an important indicator of suraface quality for industriel. Having the indicators on the surface quality from simple control of chip without stopping machining give an important advantage in order to maximize production and reduce costs.
Selected problems of managing work safety - case study
Authors: Woźny Artur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article presents a case study; an analysis and a proposal concerning the improvement of the conditions of occupational health and safety in a reloading terminal of a logistics company. The specificity of the workplace means that employees are exposed to a permanent overload of the musculoskeletal system, which is determined in the process of transporting loads of significant mass. After the analysis, the introduction of changes in the conditions of safe and hygienic work at selected positions was suggested. Qualitative research using the observation method, as well as a quantitative approach after introducing changes in working conditions show a change in employees’ attitudes to their work, as well as their higher performance. After a year of operation of the proposed and introduced changes, it was decided to introduce them for new employees and external companies working at the transshipment terminal.
Donors of effective genes for scald resistance in barley
Authors: Konovalova G. S. , Radchenko E. E. 
Published: October 2020

Background. One of the most harmful diseases of barley in all areas of its cultivation is scald. The causal agent Rhynchosporium commune Zaffarano, B.A. McDonald & A. Linde (formerly – Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis) is characterized by a high level of variability, which leads to the emergence of new pathotypes and the loss of resistance of a number of cultivars. Most barley cultivars recommended for cultivation are highly affected by the pathogen. The aim of the study was to find new donors of effective barley resistance genes to R. commune.Materials and methods. Resistance to the fungus was tested in 99 accessions of barley landraces from 18 countries under laboratory and field conditions. The experiments employed isolates and clones of R. commune isolated from plants collected in Leningrad Province. Plant resistance was scored using point scales. Genetic control of fungal resistance was studied in the selected accessions using hybridological analysis.Results and conclusions. We identified 3 accessions of barley landraces, which retained high resistance to the fungus for six years of study in the field under inoculation with different populations of R. commune. Accessions k-31504 (Macedonia), k-31505 (Ethiopia) and k-31503 (India) are protected by R. commune resistance genes, which differ from each other, are not allelic to the previously identified effective Rrs9 gene, and manifest themselves throughout all stages of barley ontogenesis. Each of accessions k-31504 and k-31505 incorporates 2 recessive pathogen resistance genes; k-31503 carries 3 recessive resistance genes.
Concordancia entre los hallazgos quirúrgicos e histopatológicos en pacientes con apendicitis aguda en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Oliveros Rodríguez Henry , Díaz Quijano Diana Marcela , Cock Sierra Joshua Hubert 
Published: October 2020

Introducción. Los hallazgos quirúrgicos actuales dictan el tratamiento postoperatorio de los pacientes con apendicitis aguda; sin embargo, esto se basa únicamente en el juicio del cirujano durante la apendicectomía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la confiabilidad entre evaluadores entre cirujanos y patólogos en un hospital de tercer nivel.
Métodos. Estudio transversal retrospectivo realizado entre octubre de 2015 y octubre de 2016 en el Hospital Central Militar de Bogotá. Se incluyeron pacientes que se sometieron a apendicectomía debido a sospecha de apendicitis aguda y tenían histopatología con sus respectivos hallazgos quirúrgicos. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar el acuerdo entre el informe quirúrgico y el de patología.
Resultados. Durante el período de estudio, identificamos a 418 pacientes que se sometieron a apendicectomía. Los cirujanos evaluaron 32 (7,77%) apéndices como negativos, 78 (18,93%) como inflamados, 110 (26,7%) como supurativos, 137 (33,25%) gangrenosos y 55 (13,35%) como perforados. La mayor concordancia se observó en pacientes con apendicitis supurativa (82/110; 74.5%). En general, Kappa indicó un acuerdo poco equitativo entre el patólogo y los cirujanos (Kappa = 0.2950, ​​IC 95% 0.2384-035.17, p <0.0001).
Conclusión. Hay una pobre concordancia entre los hallazgos quirúrgicos y patológicos en nuestro estudio, similar a los documentos médicos anteriores. Como mensaje, los cirujanos y el patólogo deben revisar la definición de los criterios clínicos e histopatológicos para describir mejor los hallazgos y llegar a un mejor acuerdo.
Cirugía electiva en organizaciones no COVID durante la pandemia
Authors: Moore  Perea John Henry , Moore Cañadas José Tomás 
Published: October 2020

En un trabajo prospectivo, observacional, con el objetivo de cuantificar el riesgo que representa realizar cirugía electiva en medio de la pandemia por Covid 19l presentamos la experiencia acumulada durante tres meses por el Centro de Cirugía Ambulatoria IPS ( Bogota) ,analizando información recaudada en 667 pacientes , con riesgo anestésico bajo, llevados a cirugía de mediana complejidad , en una institución adaptada para la atención de pacientes “ No COVID 19”. Nuestras conclusiones definen que es seguro intervenir este tipo de pacientes, que no se aumenta el riesgo de presentar complicaciones, ni el riesgo de contagio para pacientes o profesionales de atención de la salud.
Peak expiratory flow rate among smokers and non-smokers working in Kathmandu Medical College
Authors: Gurung Preetu 
Published: October 2020

Background: Cigarette smoking has remained a popular habit since ages. Most people are well aware of the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking yet continue to give a blind eye which dete­riorates overall public health. The purpose of the present study was to assess Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smoking and nonsmoking staffs who work in Kathmandu Medical College.
Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was obtained using Mini Wright’s Peak Flow Meter of 108 smokers and 108 nonsmokers in the age group ranging from 25-45 years. Those who never smoked or who have quit smoking for the past 2 years were grouped as nonsmokers and the smokers with history of smoking at least five or more cigarettes per day for at least two years were included in the study for measuring their Peak Expiratory Flow Rate. Data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software version16. Student ‘t’ test was used for group comparison.
Results: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate value was significantly reduced in the smokers (p value< 0.05). Mean Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was reduced with increasing age of the smokers. However, no significant difference was observed in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with increase in the number of cigarettes smoked (p value> 0.05).
Conclusions: In the study Peak Expiratory Flow Rate among smokers (367.13 ± 74.182) was lower than nonsmokers (471.39±60.842), which was statistically significant proving that cigarette smok­ing reduced peak expiratory flow rate.
Spectrum of breast diseases in a rural himalayan region of Western Nepal: a hospital based study
Authors: Devkota Harihar , Menyangbo Suryaman , Amgain Kapil 
Published: October 2020

Background: Breast diseases, among the most common diseases in females occur in various pat­terns from benign to malignant. Their identification is crucial as some of the benign disorders pose threat to turn into malignancy. This study was aimed to determine the spectrum of breast diseases.
Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective study among all the patients in General Surgery OPD of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital, diagnosed with breast diseases during one year period from August 2019 to July 2020 AD. Data were extracted and entered in SPSS version 16 for further analysis.
Results: Out of 110 cases, only 4 (3.96%) were male. Almost half 54 (49.09%) of the cases were in the age group of 21-30 years. Fibrocystic disease, Breast Abscess and fibroadenoma, and cracked nipple were 39 (35.45%), 38 (34.54%, 15 (13.63%) and 8 (7.28%) respectively. The benign diseases were seen mostly in the younger population while malignant breast diseases were seen in the older population. Mastalgia was mostly seen in the twenties (17.3%) and the thirties (10%) while Breast abscess was commonly encountered in the twenties (16.4%) and the teens (11.8%). The gynaecomastia were seen only in four males.
Conclusions: Fibrocystic breast diseases, Mastitis with or without abscess, fibroadenoma and cracked nipples were the first four most common breast diseases in females. The younger popula­tion had predilection towards the benign diseases which occurred most frequently in the third decade while the malignant occurred in sixth and seventh decade.
Study of the crystallization kinetics of a Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 amorphous alloy
Authors: Hu Hui E. , Lu Zhou , Hong Su Xiao , Xin Deng Jing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics with heating rates ranging from 10 K s-1to 80 K s-1and the isothermal crystallization kinetics during annealing from the glass transition temperature to the crystallization onset temperature of a Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 amorphous alloy were studied in detail using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. During non-isothermal crystallization, it is more difficult to nucleate than to grow, and the crystallization resistance increases first and then decreases. During isothermal crystallization of the alloy from 713- 728 K, there are two exothermic peaks corresponding to a diffusion-controlled growth process with decreasing nucleation rate and increasing nucleation rate. From 733- 748 K, only one exothermic peak appears, and the growth process is controlled by the interface with decreasing nucleation rate. Isothermal crystallization is a process in which the crystallization resistance increases. The resistance of isothermal crystallization is less than that of non-isothermal crystallization.