bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early experience of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Renal stone: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Joshi Robin 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Retrograde intrarenal surgery with improving skill and knowledge may be consideredone of the first-line treatment options for removal of renal stones. The study is done to find theoutcome of retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients with renal stone.
Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on patients undergoingretrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stone at a tertiary care hospital December 2019 to March2020. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee (Ref. no.200120202).The Convenient sampling method was applied. Data was collected and analyzed in StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval wascalculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of the 28 patients, the retrograde intrarenal surgery was successful in 27 (96.4%)cases. There were 16 (57.15%) females and 12 (42.86%) male patients with the mean age of37.86±11.47 years. Most of the stones were in renal pelvis 18 (64.28%) followed by lowercalyx 8 (28.57%). The mean diameter of the stone was 11.47 ±3.33mm whereas most ofthe stones were on the right side 16 (57.15%). The mean hardness was 1155.21±265.34Hounsfield units. Perioperative complications like failed access sheath placement in 2 (7.14%)cases, hematuria in 6 (21.43%) cases, fever in 6 (21.43%) cases, and septicemia in 4 (14.28%)cases.
Conclusions: We found that the success rate of retrograde intrarenal surgery for the renal stonewas acceptable and similar to other published studies . Retrograde intrarenal surgery is feasiblefor the treatment of kidney stones with acceptable complications and success rates.
Critical Incidents during Anesthesia and Early Post-Anesthetic Period: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gautam Binod , Shrestha Babu Raja 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Critical incidents related to peri-operative anesthesia carry a risk of unwanted patientoutcomes. Studying those helps detect problems, which is crucial in minimizing their recurrence. Weaimed to identify the frequency of peri-anesthetic critical incidents.
Methods: This is a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study of voluntarily reported incidents,which occurred during anesthesia or following 24 hours among patients subjected to non-cardiacsurgery within the calendar year 2019. Patient characteristics, anesthesia, and surgery types, category,context, and outcome of incidents were recorded in an indigenously designed form. Incidents wereassigned to attributable (patient, anesthesia or surgery) factor, and were analyzed for the system,equipment or human error contribution.
Results: Altogether 464 reports were studied, which consisted of 524 incidents. Cardiovascularcategory comprised of 345 (65.8%) incidents. Incidents occurred in 433 (93%) otherwise healthypatients and during 258 (55.6%) spinal anesthetics. Obstetric surgery was involved in 179 (38.6%)incidents. Elective surgery and anesthesia maintenance phase included the context in 293 (63%)and 378 (72%) incidents respectively. Majority incidents 364 (69.5%) were anesthesia-attributable,with system and human error contribution in 196 (53.8%) and 152 (41.7%) cases respectively. Allrecovered fully except for 25 cases of mortality, which were mostly associated with patient factors,surgical urgency, and general anesthesia.
Conclusions: Critical incidents occur even in low-risk patients during anesthesia delivery. Patientfactors and emergency surgery contribute to the most serious incidents.
Oral Cancer Awareness among Undergraduate Dental Students and Dental Surgeons: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Poudel Pratibha , Srii Ritesh , Marla Vinay 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The incidence of oral cancer is rising due to overindulgence in tobacco chewing and smoking. Its detection in early stage makes it more amenable to treatment and helps to reduce associated morbidity. However, most cases are diagnosed at later stage due to lack of awareness about oral cancer and associated risk factors. This study aims to observe the oral cancer awareness among undergraduate dental students and dental surgeons of three dental institutions of Nepal.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in three dental institutions of Nepal from January 2019 to May 2019. Convenience sampling method was used. The data was collected from 508 participants through questionnaire adopted from Carter and Ogden. Point estimate at 95 % Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.
Results: Our study showed that 120 (23.6%) of the participants were well informed about the clinical appearance of oral cancer at 95% confidence interval (19.91-27.29). Most of the participants i.e. 457 (89.96%) and 395 (77.75%) were aware that smoking and chewing tobacco were most commonly recognized risk factors. Only 200 (39.37%) participants were aware that non-healing ulcer is considered as the changes associated with oral cancer. Three hundred and forty-four (67.7%) said they have no knowledge about the prevention and detection of oral cancer.
Conclusions: Our study exhibited the apparent lack of awareness in some aspects of oral cancer and highlights the need of enhancing the undergraduate dental syllabus.
Selected Risk Factors and Pattern of Semen Abnormality in Male Partners of Infertile Couples in Eastern Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pokhrel Sita , Ghimire Ashima , Chhetry Manisha , Lamichane Sabina , Shreewastav Rupesh Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Semen analysis is an initial basic step in evaluating and diagnosing male infertility. Multiple risks factors in combination or alone are responsible for abnormal semen parameters. The present study aimed to study certain risk factors and semen parameters of infertile male.
Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We consecutively enrolled 186 male partners of infertile couple who underwent certain risk factors evaluation and semen analysis according to WHO guideline.
Results: Multiple risk factors were present like Gulf country migration, smoking, chemical exposure and heat exposure in infertile male partners. Forty six percent of our patients were gulf workers. Eleven percent patients had azoospermia, 27% had abnormal sperm morphology and 23% had <25% motile spermatozoa.
Conclusions: Surprisingly 46% of our patients were Gulf country workers and abnormal semen analysis is very important factor for infertility. Large prospective studies need to be carried out involving Gulf migrant workers only.
Prevalence of Domestic Violence among Infertile Women attending Subfertility Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Silwal Ajita , Thapa Bandana 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Millions of couples suffered from Infertility worldwide. Infertility can cause intenseemotional pain in women resulting in stress, anxiety and depression. Domestic violence in infertilewomen can further results in poor health status and lowers the quality of life. The objective of thisstudy is to find out the prevalence of domestic violence among infertile women attending subfertilityclinic of tertiary hospital.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among infertile women in a tertiaryhospital from July to August 2018 after taking ethical approval. Convenient sampling was used. Faceto face interview was conducted using a structured interview schedule. Data analysis was done inthe Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) were used toanalyze the data. Point estimate at 95% CI was calculated along with frequency and proportion forbinary data.
Results: Domestic violence was found among 62 (55.35%) women at 95% Confidence Interval (46.15-64.55). The emotional violence accounted for 57 (50.89%), physical violence for 19 (16.96%) and sexualviolence for 18 (16.07%). The prevalence of domestic violence was more 22 (61.11%) in women withsecondary infertility than in women with primary infertility 40 (52.63%). The main perpetrators ofdomestic violence were family members 28 (45.16%).
Conclusions: The study concluded that women experiencing infertility are exposed to various formsof domestic violence, emotional one being most common. Routine screening for domestic violencein infertility clinics is necessary to give affected women an opportunity to access appropriate healthcare and support services.
Patient Satisfaction in Out-patient Services at a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Poudel Lisasha , Baskota Swechhya , Mali Prajita , Pradhananga Priza , Malla Nabina , Rajbhandari Bibek , Nepal Susmita 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is an important and commonly used valid indicator for themeasurement of service quality. Patient responses to healthcare services are one of the bestways to obtain information about patient views regarding the quality of healthcare. The mainaim of the study was to find out the patient’s satisfaction level in the tertiary care center.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 94 outpatients at a tertiary carecenter. Data were collected after obtaining ethical clearance from the institutional review committee.Patients were selected conveniently who visited any four of the major department. We collecteddemographic data and the patient satisfaction towards outpatient clinic experience was studied. Weused the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire–18 to assess patient satisfaction. Data were entered andanalyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23. The mean score and the standarddeviation were calculated.
Results: Overall satisfaction was 74.78% with a mean value of 3.7394±0.40128. The highest satisfactionscore was found in regards to the interpersonal manner of health personnel (4.2872±0.61561) followedby communication (3.9628±0.40982) and the lowest was seen in accessibility and convenience(3.2394±0.81478).
Conclusions: The mean score and percentage of patient satisfaction were high in the hospital.However, the accessibility and availability of medical personnel were only a matter of concern.
Micro-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Neonatal Sepsis of a Tertiary Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Manandhar Sunil Raja , Basnet Rydam 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality among lowbirth weight and preterm babies in developing countries. The main objective of this study is to findthe level of micro-Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in neonatal sepsis.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the neonatal unit over six monthsperiod (November 2019 to April 2020). All preterm, term and post-term babies with neonatal sepsisdelivered at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital were enrolled. Ethical clearance wasreceived from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (Ref: 181020191).Convenient sampling method was applied and statistical analysis was done with Statistical packagefor social sciences 19 version.
Results: Out of 75 babies, confirm sepsis is 13 (17.3%), probable sepsis is 40 (53.4%) and suspectedsepsis is 22 (29.2%). Micro-Erythrocyte sedimentation level is elevated (≥15mm in 1st hr) in 25 (33.3%)babies with a mean micro-Erythrocyte sedimentation level 9.32±5.4 (2-18) mm in 1st hr. The elevatedmicro- Erythrocyte sedimentation level was seen in relation to sepsis types and C-reactive protein.
Conclusions: The bedside micro-Erythrocyte sedimentation level aids in the diagnosis of neonatalsepsis.
Dental Practice during COVID-19 in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Humagain Manoj , Humagain Rashmi , Rokaya Dinesh 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Currently, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic and spread globally. In Nepal, the number of COVID-19 is increasing day-by-day. This research was done to find out the impact of COVID-19 on dentists, patients, and dental practice in Nepal.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey from May 10 to17, 2020. A questionnaire was designed and uploaded in Freeonlinesurveys.com. Following ethical approval, the questionnaire was distributed among 500 dentists, and 406 dentists participated in the study. The survey link was dispersed to the Nepali dentists through social media and e-mail, and the results of the responses were received online. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 34 closed-ended questions containing three parts; demographic details, knowledge of dentists on COVID-19, and the impact of COVID-19 on dentists, patients, and dental treatments.
Results: It showed that majority of the participants were females 243 (60%) of the age group 25-29 years with the clinic as the workplace. Patients receive dental treatments only from 40 (10%) of the dentist. A high number of dentists: 284 (70%) were severely affected by the financial burden and were not receiving a salary during this lockdown. About 349(86%) of the dentist think they should do regular dental treatments, but only 101 (25%) think the dentist should do only dental emergency treatments for COVID-19 infected cases.
Conclusions: Dentists, patients, and dental practice are severely affected by the COVID-19.The majority of the dentists have faced financial burdens. The dental treatments should be done with high standards of care and infection control following proper recommendations.
Perception of Dental Students of COMS-TH regarding Future of Dentistry in Nepal amid COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Garg Deepanshu , Kapoor Deepika 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: There is a global crisis which has been led by COVID-19. The patients undergoingdental procedures and dental professionals are at higher risk of contracting this disease owing toaerosols generated and a lot of face to face contact during the procedures. The aim of this study was to know the perceptions of dental students of COMS-TH regarding future of dentistry in Nepal amidCOVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at COMS-TH, Bharatpur by sending an online e-survey questionnaire to 146 dental students out of which 99 responded. The e-survey questionnaire consisted of three parts which consisted of questions about demographics, knowledge about COVID-19 and their perceptions about future of dentistry.
Results: The results of the study depicted that most of the students thought dentistry is good and noble profession and will recommend it to young medical aspirants. Most of them wanted to pursue post graduation courses in future giving preference to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Conclusions: The study concluded that most of the dental students were satisfied with dentistry as their profession and wanted National Dental Association to fix the minimum charges of each dental procedure. Also there is a need to start more post graduation courses in existing institutions providing dental education as most of the students want to pursue it in future.
Functional Outcomes of Capitellum Fractures Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Herbert Screw: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: K.C. Kapil Mani , Acharya Parimal , Marahatta Suman Babu , Sigdel Arun , K C Amuda , Dahal Sudip Chandra 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Based on the complex intra-articular nature of capitellum fractures, it has been sometimes difficult to formulate a universally accepted method of surgical treatment. The purpose of this study is to present the functional outcomes of capitellum fractures after fixation with Herbert screw including the safety and tips of the surgical approach.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done from December 2014 to November 2019. Ethical approval was taken. The study included 22 capitellum fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with Herbert screws either lateral or anterolateral approach. Functional outcomes were assessed with Mayo elbow performance index scores at the latest follow-up visit. Convenient sampling was done. Data entry was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version16.0).
Results: Out of 22 surgeries, the average time to unite the fracture was 11.13±1.20 weeks (range 9 to 15). The mean range of movement for flexion and extension was 138.41±8.22 degree while the mean supination and pronation range was 161.59±6.79 degree. The average time of follow-up in this series was 37.45±9.43 weeks (range 22 to 58 weeks). Similarly, the mean Mayo elbow performance index score at the latest follow-up was 90.22±8.65 (range 70 to 100).
Conclusions: Careful assessment and radiological evaluation, anatomical reduction, and stable fixation with Herbert screws maintaining the minimal damage to the articular cartilage can maximize the functional outcomes and minimize the incidence of complications.
Prevalence of Overweight Among Adult Women of A Metropolitan
Authors: Nepal Ashmita , Karki Urusha , Poudel Lisasha , Rajbhandari Bibek , Wagle Shreejana 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Globally, Overweight has reached epidemic proportions. It is an excessiveaccumulation of fat that may impair health. Overweight and obesity area major contributor tothe global burden of non-communicable disease. The prevalence of overweight is commonlyassessed by using Body Mass Index (BMI), where overweight is indicated by BMI greater orequal to 25. Overall, about 13% of the world’s adult population was obese in 2016, among themwomen were more affected than men. Overall,female population is higher than male in Nepaland concentrating on Kaski district female population are significantly more than that of maleas per population census of 2011. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence ofoverweight among adult women.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted among calculated samplesize of 185 adult women of Lekhnath Metropolitian of Kaski district, over six months’ period.Sampling technique was proportionate random sampling. Ethical approval was taken fromInstitutional Review Board (Ref no. 40/74/75). Anthropometric measurement was taken tocalculate BMI. Collected data was entered in Epi data, which was then exported to SPSS version20 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics was reported for demographic, socio-economic andvarious overweight related factors of the respondents as frequencies and percentage.
Results: Out of 185 adult women, 69 (37.3%) of them were overweight, 30 (16.2%) of them wereobese, and central obesity was seen among 97 (52.4%) women at 95% C.I.
Conclusions: The finding of this study shows prevalence of overweight and obesity was high.Regular Physical exercise and balanced diet should be followed to prevent overweight and noncommunicable diseases.
Prevalence of Intracranial Artery Stenosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital of China
Authors: Jaiswal Sandip Kumar , Fuling Yan , Li Min 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Intracranial artery stenosis is the most common cause of acute ischemic stroke, especially among people in Asia. About its epidemiology, however little is understood. The goal of our research is to establish the prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in 1006 acute ischemic stroke patients at Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University China from May 2018 to May 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the Ethical review committee of the institution. A convenient sampling method was done. Intracranial artery stenosis was diagnosed when evidence of acute ischemic stroke was found in the territory of approximately 2 50% stenosis identified by Transcranial Doppler ultrasound and confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography or computed tomography. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.
Results: The prevalence of intracranial artery stenosis was found in 331 (32.90%) patients at 95% Confidence interval (0.24-0.42%). Among 331 cases the anterior circulation artery stenosis was present on 201 (19.98%) patients, followed by posterior circulation artery stenosis on 80 (7.95%) patients, then anterior plus posterior circulation artery stenosis on 50 (4.97%) patients.
Conclusions: Intracranial artery stenosis is one of the most causes of acute ischemic stroke in China. The proportion of anterior circulation artery stenosis was higher than that in the posterior circulation.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Mothers of Children 6 to 24 months of Age Regarding Complementary Feeding
Authors: Shrestha Sabina , Pokhrel Manoj , Mathema Smriti 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Complementary foods fill the gap between the total nutritional needs of the child and the amounts provided by breast milk. Inappropriate feeding practices are a major cause of the onset of malnutrition in young children. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers of children between 6 to 24 months of age regarding complementary feeding.
Methods: This Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Study was conducted among 250 mothers in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from June 2019 to November 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee (Ref no. 150320199). Convenient sampling method was applied. The mothers of children between 6 to 24 months were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to ascertain the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding complementary feeding. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.
Results: Two hundred and fifty mothers were interviewed. 151 (60.4%) mothers knew initiation of breastfeeding soon after birth and 179 (71.6%) were knowledgeable about exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. 161 (64.4%) mothers knew the proper age of initiating complementary feeding but only 139 (55.6%) mothers practiced it. Early initiation of complementary feeding was done by 87 (34.8%) mothers while 24 (9.6%) mothers delayed it beyond 6 months.
Conclusions: There was a gap in knowledge and practice among mothers regarding adequate age of initiation of complementary feeding, complementary foods, preparation, and practices.