bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
19F spectroscopy and implications for astrophysics
Authors: La Cognata M. , Fisichella M. , Di Pietro A. , Figuera P. , Goldberg V. Z. , Cherubini S. , Fernandez Garcia J. P. , Gulino M. , Lamia L. , Lattuada D. , Lattuada M. , Pizzone R.G. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Sparta R. , Spitaleri C. , Torresi D. , Tumino A. , Zadro M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The spectroscopy of F is of interest for nuclear astrophysics and nuclear structure. In these proceedings we will focus on the astrophysical implications and on the perspectives of the use of elastic scattering for the investigation of reactions of astrophysical importance. In astrophysics, fluorine and the reactions producing and destroying it play a key role in constraining models of stars in different evolutionary stages, such as the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, responsible of the production of about half of the elements heavier than Fe. Indeed, s-nuclei are produced and brought to the surface thanks to mixing phenomena, together with fluorine that is produced in the same region from the same neutron source. Since the last stage in fluorine nucleosynthesis is the N(α, γ) F radiative capture, the study of the N + α elastic scattering may cast light on the fluorine synthesis. Also, F states are responsible of the appearance of resonances in the O(p,α) N reaction, leading to the production of N, later burnt to F in AGB stars through α-captures. Finally, the F spectroscopy may help constraining nuclear properties of the radioactive mirror nucleus Ne, whose states play a key role in novae modeling through the F(p,α) O reaction. In this work, the N - α elastic scattering is studied using the thick target inverse kinematics approach, allowing us to span a very large fluorine excitation energy range (∼ 6 - 10 MeV). A R-matrix analysis of the measured differential cross sections was also carried out, making it possible to determine the spin-parity and widths of a number of F states, including some previously not reported in the literature.
Astrophysical production of 146Sm in nuclear p - processes
Authors: Oprea Cristiana , Mihul Alexandru , Oprea Alexandru Ioan , Zgura Sorin , Potlog Mihai , Neagu Alina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The large time of life of 146Sm suggests the possibility to use this p - nuclide as astrophysical chronometer to study the geochemical galactic evolution. Due to the high temperature and large densities of gamma quanta, neutrons and protons in stellar environment 146Sm nucleus can be obtained in (γ,n), (n,2n), (p,2n) processes on 147Sm.The knowledge of corresponding cross sections of gamma rays, neutrons and alpha induced processes is of a great importance for the explanation of (146Sm/144Sm) ratio uncertainties observed on the Earth, meteorites, Moon and other celestial bodies.Cross sections of (γ,n), (n,2n), (α,γ) processes induced by fast gamma rays, neutrons and alphas on 147Sm and 142Nd, from threshold up to 25 MeV were evaluated and predicted in the frame of Hauser-Feshbach statistical model by using Talys software and the own computer programs. For each nuclear reaction contribution of direct, compound and pre-equilibrium mechanisms were determined. Theoretical evaluations are compared with existing experimental data. Parameters of optical potential in the incident and emergent channels and of nuclear densities were extracted. Calculated cross sections together with corresponding nuclear data were used in the evaluation of astrophysical rates necessary in the determination of elemental abundances as needed by nuclear astrophysical networks.
Indirect study of the 3He(n, p)3H reaction at cosmological energies
Authors: Spampinato C. , Pizzone R.G. , Spart`a R. , Couder M. , Tan W. , Burian V. , Chae K.Y. , D’Agata G. , Guardo G.L. , La Cognata M. , Lamia L. , Lattuada D. , Mrazek J. , Oliva A. , Palmerini S. , Prajapati P. , Rapisarda G.G. , Romano S. , Sergi M.L. , Spitaleri C. , Tumino A. , Wiescher M. , Anguilar S. , Bardayan D.W. , Blankstein D. , Boccioli L. , Callahan L. , Clark A. , Frentz B. , Hall M. , Gula A. , Henderson S. , Kelmar R. , Liu Q. , Long J. , Majumdar A. , McGuinness S. , Nelson A. , O’Malley P.D. , Seymour C. , Skulski M. , Wilkinson J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the network of reactions present in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the 3He(n, p)3H reaction has an important role which impacts the final 7Li abundance. The Trojan Horse Method (THM) has been applied to the 3He(d, pt)H reaction in order to extract the astrophysical S(E)-factor of the 3He(n, p)3H reaction in the Gamow energy range. The experiment will be described in the present work together with the first preliminary results.
Activation cross section measurement of the 100Mo(α,n)103Ru reaction for optical potential studies
Authors: Szegedi T.N. , Kiss G.G. , Gyürky Gy. , Mohr P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The light neutron-rich nuclei can be synthesized via (α,n) reactions in the so-called weak r-process. The abundances of these species are derived using reaction network calculations. Such a simulation has astrophysical and nuclear physics inputs, one of the most uncertain parameter is the α-nucleus optical potential. (α,n) cross section measurements can be used to evaluate α-optical potentials. For this purpose, the activation cross section measurement of the 100Mo(α,n)103Ru reaction is in progress at Atomki.
Activation measurement of a-induced cross sections for 197Au: analysis in the statistical model and beyond
Authors: Szücs T , Mohr P , Gyürky Gy , Halász Z , Huszánk R , Kiss G G , Szegedi T N , Török Zs , Fülöp Zs 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cross sections of ( α,γ), (α,n), and (α,2n) reactions for 197Au were measured below the Coulomb barrier using the activation technique. The new data are analyzed in the statistical model and in a simple barrier transmission model. Sensitivities of the resulting cross sections on the underlying parameters are discussed. It is found that the cross sections in the statistical model depend sensitively on the tail of the imaginary α-nucleus potential at large radii outside the colliding nuclei. Contrary, the cross sections in the barrier transmission model depend only on the real part of the α-nucleus potential. The calculated cross sections in the barrier transmission model agree nicely with the new experimental data. Furthermore, the available experimental data for heavy targets above A ≈150 are also well reproduced within the barrier transmission model.
Stellar 78,80,84,86Kr(n,γ) Reactions Studied by Activation at SARAF-LiLiT, Atom Trap Trace Analysis and Decay Counting
Authors: Tessler M. , Paul M. , Weissman L. , Zappala J. , Baggenstos D. , Halfon S. , Heftrich T. , Jiang W. , Kreisel A. , Lu Z. , Mueller P. , Purtschert R. , Reifarth R. , Shor A. , Veltum D. , Weigand M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report on (n,γ) neutron capture experiments performed with the Liquid-Lithium Target (LiLiT) and the mA-proton beam at 1.92 MeV (2-3 kW) from the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility (SARAF). The setup yields high-intensity 30-keV quasi-Maxwellian neutrons (3-5 × 1010 n/s) closely reproducing the conditions of s-process stellar nucleosynthesis. The 78,80,8486Kr(n,γ) reactions at the border between weak- and strong- s-process were studied. A Ti sphere filled with 107.7 mg of natural Kr gas was placed in an irradiation chamber downstream of LiLiT with a gold foil used as a neutron fluence monitor during the activation. The activities of the short-lived Kr isotopes (7985m87Kr) were measured by γ decay counting with a HPGe detector. The long-lived Kr isotopes (81,85gKr) were measured by atom counting via Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) at Argonne and Low-Level Counting (LLC) at Bern.
Modeling the formation of the 13C neutron source in AGB stars
Authors: Vescovi D , Cristallo S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A major source of uncertainty in AGB models is the partial-mixing process of hydrogen, required for the formation of the so-called 13C pocket. Among the attempts to derive a self-consistent treatment of this physical process, there are 2D and 3D simulations of magnetic buoyancy. The 13C pocket resulting from mixing induced by magnetic buoyancy extends over a region larger than those so far assumed, showing an almost flat 13C distribution and a negligible amount of 14N. Recently, it has been proved to be a good candidate to match the records of isotopic abundance ratios of s-elements in presolar SiC grains. However, up to date such a magnetic mixing has been applied in post-process calculations only, being never implemented in a stellar evolutionary code. Here we present new stellar models, performed with the 1-d hydrostatic FUNS evolutionary code, which include magnetic buoyancy. We comment the resulting s-process distributions and show preliminary comparisons to spectroscopic observations and pre-solar grains measurements.
Spallation of r-Process Nuclei Ejected from a Neutron Star Merger
Authors: Wang Xilu , Fields Brian D. , Mumpower Matthew , Sprouse Trevor , Surman Rebecca , Vassh Nicole 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Neutron star mergers (NSMs) are rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis sites, which eject materials at high velocities, from 0.1c to as high as 0.6c. Thus the r-process nuclei ejected from a NSM event are sufficiently energetic to initiate spallation reactions with the interstellar medium (ISM) particles. With a thick-target model for the propagation of high-speed heavy nuclei in the ISM, we find that spallation reactions may shift the r-process abundance patterns towards solar data, particularly around the low-mass edges of the r-process peaks where neighboring nuclei have very different abundances. The spallation effects depend both on the astrophysical conditions of the r-process nuclei and nuclear physics inputs for the nucleosynthesis calculations and the propagation process. This work extends that of [Wang et al.(2019)] by focusing on the influence of nuclear physics variations on spallation effects.
Development of electrically conductive porous silk fibroin/carbon nanofiber scaffolds
Authors: Tufan Yiğithan , Öztatlı Hayriye , Garipcan Bora , Ercan Batur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Tissue engineering applications typically require three-dimensional scaffolds which provide the requisite surface area for cellular functions, while allowing transport of nutrients, waste and oxygen to and from the surrounding tissues. Scaffolds need to ensure sufficient mechanical properties to provide mechanically stable frameworks under physiologically relevant stress levels. Meanwhile, electrically conductive platforms are also desirable for the regeneration of specific tissues, where electrical impulses are transmitted throughout the tissue for proper physiological functioning. Towards this goal, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were incorporated into silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds whose pore size and porosity were controlled during a salt leaching process. In our methodology, CNFs were dispersed in SF due to the hydrogen bond-forming ability of hexafluoro-2-propanol, a fluoroalcohol used as a solvent for SF. Results showed enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical properties upon the incorporation of CNFs into the SF scaffolds, while the metabolic activities of cells cultured on SF/CNF nanocomposite scaffolds were significantly improved by optimizing the CNF content, porosity and pore size range of the scaffolds. Specifically, SF/CNF nanocomposite scaffolds with electrical conductivities as high as 0.023 S cm−1, tangent modulus values of 260 ± 30 kPa, a porosity as high as 78% and a pore size of 376 ± 53 µm were fabricated for the first time in the literature. Furthermore, an increase of about 34% in the wettability of SF was achieved by the incorporation of 10% CNF, which provided enhanced fibroblast spreading on scaffold surfaces.
Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for the propagation and analysis of breast cancer stem cells in vitro
Authors: Prieto E I , Mojares E B A , Cortez J J M , Vasquez Jr M R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, breast cancer remains the second foremost cause of cancer mortality among women, with a high rate of relapse after initial treatment success. A subpopulation of highly malignant cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), is suspected to be linked to metastasis and relapse. Targeting of CSCs may therefore provide a means of addressing cancer-related mortality. However, due to their low population in vivo and a lack of proper culture platform for their propagation, much of the CSC biology remains unknown. Since maintenance of CSCs is heavily influenced by the tumor microenvironment, this study developed a 3D culture platform that mimics the metastatic tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) to effectively increase CSC population in vitro and allow CSC analysis. Through electrospinning, nanofibers that were aligned, porous, and collagen-coated were fabricated from polycaprolactone to recreate the metastatic tumor ECM assemblage. Breast cancer cells seeded onto the nanofiber scaffolds exhibited gross morphology and cytoskeletal phenotype similar to invasive cancer cells. Moreover, the population of breast cancer stem cells increased in nanofiber scaffolds. Analysis of breast cancer cells grown on the nanofiber scaffolds demonstrated an upregulation of mesenchymal markers and an increase in cell invasiveness suggesting the cells have undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These results indicate that the fabricated nanofiber scaffolds effectively mimicked the tumor microenvironment that maintains the cancer stem cell population, offering a platform to enrich and analyze CSCs in vitro.
The role of negative carbon emissions in reaching the Paris climate targets: The impact of target formulation in integrated assessment models
Authors: Johansson Daniel J A , Azar Christian , Lehtveer Mariliis , Peters Glen P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Global net-negative carbon emissions are prevalent in almost all emission pathways that meet the Paris temperature targets. In this paper, we generate and compare cost-effective emission pathways that satisfy two different types of climate targets. First, the common approach of a radiative forcing target that has to be met by the year 2100 (RF2100), and, second, a temperature ceiling target that has to be met over the entire period, avoiding any overshoot. Across two integrated assessment models (IAMs), we found that the amount of net-negative emissions—when global net emissions fall below zero—depends to a large extent on how the target is represented, i.e. implemented in the model. With a temperature ceiling (no temperature overshoot), net-negative emissions are limited and primarily a consequence of trade-offs with non-CO2 emissions, whereas net-negative emissions are significant for the RF2100 target (temperature overshoot). The difference becomes more pronounced with more stringent climate targets. This has important implications: more stringent near-term emission reductions are needed when a temperature ceiling is implemented compared to when an RF2100 target is implemented. Further, in one IAM, for our base case assumptions, the cost-effective negative carbon emissions (i.e. gross anthropogenic removals) do not depend to any significant extent on how the constraint is implemented, only, largely, on the ultimate stringency of the constraint. Hence, for a given climate target stringency in 2100, the RF2100 target and the temperature ceiling may result in essentially the same amount of negative carbon emissions. Finally, it is important that IAM demonstrate results for diverse ways of implementing a climate target, since the implementation has implications for the level of near-term emissions and the perceived need for net-negative emissions (beyond 2050).
High temperature wettability and oxidation behavior of TiN, Ti–Al–N and Ti–Si–N PVD film
Authors: Duan Lili , Wu Hua , Xiu Wencui , Yu Xiaofeng , Guo Liming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In aluminium cutting and die casting, tools are exposed to Built UP Edge (BUE) and Built Up Layer (BUL) and erosion due to the frequent contact of the tool surface to the aluminum alloy, to oxidation due to high temperatures. For this reason, the susceptibility to reaction with liquid aluminum and stability of TiN, Ti–Al–N and Ti–Si–N films were investigated using wetting test, high temperature oxidation experiment and complementary differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the type of chemical bond affects the surface tension, tool steel with metal bonds is most easily wetted, after being wetted and cooled by molten Al at 725 °C, the contact angle is approximately 0°. Because the maximum temperature of the experiment has reached the decomposition temperature of TiN film, therefore, the contact angle of TiN film with ionic bond is 35.3°, slightly larger than tool steel. However, there are complex ionic bond compounds Ti3AlN and covalent bond compounds Si3N4 in Ti–Al–N and Ti–Si–N films, which significantly reduce the wettability of the film with molten aluminum. The contact angles are 78° and 71°, respectively. During the oxidation process, due to Ti–Al–N and Ti–Si–N films contain Al and Si elements, the phase and morphology did not change until 800 °C, this indicates that the effects of different chemical bonds caused by alloying elements on oxidation resistance and wetting resistance have a similar relationship.
Improved autonomous error correction using variable dissipation in small logical qubit architectures
Authors: Pérez David Rodríguez , Kapit Eliot 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Coherence times for superconducting qubits have greatly improved over time. Moreover, small logical qubit architectures using engineered dissipation have shown great promise for further improvements in the coherence of a logical qubit manifold comprised of few physical qubits. Nevertheless, optimal working parameters for small logical qubits are generally not well understood. This work presents several approaches to finding preferential parameter configurations by looking at three different cases of increasing complexity. We begin by looking at state stabilization of a single qubit using dissipation via coupling to a lossy object. We look at the limiting factors in this approach to error correction, and how we address those by numerically optimizing the parametric coupling strength with the lossy object having an effective time-varying dissipation rate—we call this a pulse-reset cycle. We then translate this approach to more efficient state stabilization to an abstracted three-qubit flip code, and end by looking at the very small logical qubit (VSLQ). By using these techniques, we can further increase logical state lifetimes for different architectures. We show significant advantages in using a pulse-reset cycle over numerically optimized, fixed parameter spaces.
ECMarker: interpretable machine learning model identifies gene expression biomarkers predicting clinical outcomes and reveals molecular mechanisms of human disease in early stages
Authors: Jin Ting , Nguyen Nam D , Talos Flaminia , Wang Daifeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Gene expression and regulation, a key molecular mechanism driving human disease development, remains elusive, especially at early stages. Integrating the increasing amount of population-level genomic data and understanding gene regulatory mechanisms in disease development are still challenging. Machine learning has emerged to solve this, but many machine learning methods were typically limited to building an accurate prediction model as a ‘black box’, barely providing biological and clinical interpretability from the box.

Results
To address these challenges, we developed an interpretable and scalable machine learning model, ECMarker, to predict gene expression biomarkers for disease phenotypes and simultaneously reveal underlying regulatory mechanisms. Particularly, ECMarker is built on the integration of semi- and discriminative-restricted Boltzmann machines, a neural network model for classification allowing lateral connections at the input gene layer. This interpretable model is scalable without needing any prior feature selection and enables directly modeling and prioritizing genes and revealing potential gene networks (from lateral connections) for the phenotypes. With application to the gene expression data of non-small-cell lung cancer patients, we found that ECMarker not only achieved a relatively high accuracy for predicting cancer stages but also identified the biomarker genes and gene networks implying the regulatory mechanisms in the lung cancer development. In addition, ECMarker demonstrates clinical interpretability as its prioritized biomarker genes can predict survival rates of early lung cancer patients (P-value &lt; 0.005). Finally, we identified a number of drugs currently in clinical use for late stages or other cancers with effects on these early lung cancer biomarkers, suggesting potential novel candidates on early cancer medicine.

Availabilityand implementation
ECMarker is open source as a general-purpose tool at https://github.com/daifengwanglab/ECMarker.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Elicitation complexity of statistical properties
Authors: Frongillo Rafael M , Kash Ian A 
Published: October 2020

SummaryA property, or statistical functional, is said to be elicitable if it minimizes the expected loss for some loss function. The study of which properties are elicitable sheds light on the capabilities and limitations of point estimation and empirical risk minimization. While recent work has sought to identify which properties are elicitable, here we investigate a more nuanced question: how many dimensions are required to indirectly elicit a given property? This number is called the elicitation complexity of the property. We lay the foundation for a general theory of elicitation complexity, which includes several basic results on how elicitation complexity behaves and the complexity of standard properties of interest. Building on this foundation, our main result gives tight complexity bounds for the broad class of Bayes risks. We apply these results to several properties of interest, including variance, entropy, norms and several classes of financial risk measures. The article concludes with a discussion and open questions.