bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First detection of the carbon chain molecules13CCC and C13CC towards SgrB2(M)
Authors: Giesen T. F. , Mookerjea B. , Fuchs G. W. , Breier A. A. , Witsch D. , Simon R. , Stutzki J. 
Published: November 2019

Context.Carbon molecules and their13C-isotopologues can be used to determine the12C/13C abundance ratios in stellar and interstellar objects. C3is a pure carbon chain molecule found in star-forming regions and in stellar shells of carbon-rich late-type stars. Latest laboratory data of13C-isotopologues of C3allow a selective search for the mono-substituted species13CCC and C13CC based on accurate ro-vibrational frequencies.Aims.We aim to provide the first detection of the13C-isotopologues13CCC and C13CC in space and to derive the12C/13C ratio of interstellar gas in the massive star-forming region SgrB2(M) near the Galactic Center.Methods.We used the heterodyne receivers GREAT and upGREAT on board SOFIA to search for the ro-vibrational transitionsQ(2) andQ(4) of13CCC and C13CC at 1.9 THz along the line of sight towards SgrB2(M). In addition, to determine the local excitation temperature, we analyzed data from nine ro-vibrational transitions of the main isotopologue CCC in the frequency range between 1.6 and 1.9 THz, which were taken from theHerschelScience Data Archive.Results.We report the first detection of the isotopologues13CCC and C13CC. For both species, the ro-vibrational absorption linesQ(2) andQ(4) have been identified, primarily arising from the warm gas physically associated with the strong continuum source, SgrB2(M). From the available CCC ro-vibrational transitions, we derived a gas excitation temperature ofTex= 44.4+4.7−3.9K, and a total column density ofN(CCC) = 3.88+0.39−0.35× 1015cm−2. Assuming the excitation temperatures of C13CC and13CCC to be the same as for CCC, we obtained column densities of the13C-isotopologues ofN(C13CC) = 2.1+0.9−0.6× 1014cm−2andN(13CCC) = 2.4+1.2−0.8× 1014cm−2. The derived12C/13C abundance ratio in the C3molecules is 20.5 ± 4.2, which is in agreement with the elemental ratio of 20, typically observed in SgrB2(M). However, we find theN(13CCC)/N(C13CC) ratio to be 1.2 ± 0.1, which is shifted from the statistically expected value of two. We propose that the discrepant abundance ratio arises due to the lower zero-point energy of C13CC, which makes position-exchange reaction converting13CCC to C13CC energetically favorable.
A comparative study between the Universal Spinal System® (USS) and the CD Horizon® Legacy™ (CDH) in the management of thoracolumbar fractures
Authors: Barakat Ahmed Samir , Elattar Ahmed , Fawaz Khaled , Sultan Ahmed Maher , Koptan Wael , ElMiligui Yasser , Alobaid Abdelrazzaq 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: For the treatment of unstable non-osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, the clinical and radiological outcome of short-segment fixation with the USS™ – Universal Spine System (DePuy Orthopedics, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA) and the CD HORIZON® LEGACY™ 5.5 Spinal System, (Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc., Memphis, TN, USA) were compared.
Methods: From March 2015 to January 2016, 40 consecutive patients with unstable traumatic thoracolumbar fractures who met our inclusion criteria were treated with either the USS system or CDH Legacy system. Segmental kyphosis angle (SKA) and anterior body height (ABH) of fractured vertebrae, and ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) were evaluated. Radiological fusion was confirmed with plain X-rays and when indicated with computerized tomography (CT).
Results: The mean immediate kyphotic angle correction was 16.6° for the Schanz and 6.4 for the Legacy system, and the immediate mean anterior vertebral body height correction was 0.92 cm for the Schanz and 0.51 cm for the Legacy system. Our study shows a significant statistical difference between Schanz and Legacy systems regarding post-operative segmental kyphosis and height correction immediately postoperatively, at 6 months and at one-year follow-up (p-value < 0.005). The degree of pain reduction and neurological improvement was not influenced by the screw system.
Conclusion: Usage of USS in thoracolumbar fracture as a short-segment fixation led to a near anatomical reduction when compared to the Legacy system. However, there was no advantage regarding pain reduction and neurological outcome.
First Total Synthesis of Jomthonic Acid A
Authors: Dumpala Mohan , Srinivas Batthula , Radha Krishna Palakodety 
Published: November 2019

A stereoselective total synthesis of jomthonic acid A is described. The key features of the synthetic strategy are a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, a Gilmann reagent-induced methylation, a Mitsunobu reaction, a Yamaguchi esterification, and an O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU)-mediated amide coupling. Jomthonic acid A is an architecturally rare amino acid containing a β-methylphenylalanine residue and a 4-methyl-(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate moiety. It shows antidiabetic and antiatherogenic activities when tested against mouse ST-13 preadiopocytes.
Medicolegal Aspects of Craniofacial Trauma
Authors: Vahidi Nima , Wang Weitao , Lee Thomas , Inman Jared , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCharacterization of complications in facial trauma management is of special interest to practitioners of facial trauma surgery. It is important for facial trauma surgeons to not only understand the standard of care, but also the pitfalls that can expose them to litigation. Litigation within the realm of facial trauma surgery often manifests from issues with poor communication, inadequate informed consent processes, and poor surgical management. In this analysis, we comprehensively examine malpractice litigation in facial trauma surgery, and outline important factors for surgeons to consider in the care of this patient population. It is important for facial trauma surgeons to understand medicolegal issues within their scope of practice. These include principles of informed consent, state regulated statutes of limitation, and Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act laws. This analysis emphasizes the importance of exercising appropriate patient care, understanding the indications for surgery, and seeking counsel when necessary.
Surgical Management of Panfacial Fractures
Authors: Wang Lexie , Lee Thomas S. , Wang Weitao , Yi Dae Ik , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe evaluation and management of a patient with panfacial fractures are multifaceted. Herein, we describe basic facial skeletal anatomy, considerations for airway securing, and common concurrent injuries. Finally, we discuss primary and secondary reconstructions of facial trauma including sequencing of repair, available landmarks, and the utility of intraoperative computed tomography imaging and virtual surgical planning with custom implants.
Dental Injuries and Management
Authors: Reddy Likith V. , Bhattacharjee Ritesh , Misch Emily , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTraumatic dental injuries affect 1 to 3% of the population, and disproportionately affect children and adolescents. The management of these injuries incorporates the age of patients, as children between 6 and 13 years of age have a mixed dentition. This helps to preserve the vitality of teeth that may be salvaged after a traumatic event. The clinical examination of these cases involves a thorough examination of the maxilla and mandible for associated fractures and any lodged debris and dislodged teeth or tooth fragments. The objective is to rule out any accidental aspiration or displacement into the nose, sinuses, or soft tissue. After ruling out any complications, the focus is on determining the type of injury to the tooth or teeth involved. These include clinical examination for any color change in the teeth, mobility testing, and testing for pulp vitality. Radiographic evaluation using periapical, occlusal, panoramic radiographs, and cone beam computed tomography is performed to view the effect of trauma on the tooth, root, periodontal ligament, and adjoining bone. The most commonly used classification system for dental trauma is Andreasen's classification and is applied to both deciduous and permanent teeth. Managing dental trauma is based on the type of injury, such as hard tissue and pulp injuries, injuries to periodontal tissue, injuries of the supporting bone, and injuries of the gingiva and oral mucosa. Hard-tissue injuries without the involvement of the pulp typically require restoration only. Any pulp involvement may require endodontic treatment. Fractures involving the alveolar bone or luxation of the tooth require stabilization which is typically achieved with flexible splints. The most common procedures employed in managing dental injuries include root canal/endodontics, surgical tooth repositioning, and flexible splinting. Recognition and treatment of these injuries are necessary to facilitate proper healing and salvage of a patient's natural dentition, reducing future complications to patients.
Management of Complex Mandible Fractures
Authors: Shokri Tom , Misch Emily , Ducic Yadranko , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMandible fractures represent a common sequela of craniomaxillofacial trauma encountered by reconstructive surgeons. Management of complex mandibular fractures, and reestablishment of the occlusal relationship, represents a challenging reconstructive endeavor for even the most skilled surgeon. In this article, the authors review the treatment options for particularly complex presentations of this injury pattern.
Complex Wound Management
Authors: Shokri Tom , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the generous blood supply, and resultant healing capacity within the head and neck, complex wounds in this area may be extremely debilitating and present an obstacle to treatment for the reconstructive surgeon. Delayed, incomplete, or otherwise suboptimal wound healing within this anatomical region may lead to both functional and aesthetically displeasing outcomes, resulting in impaired speech or swallowing, social stigma, and, in severe cases, exposure of critical underlying structures. Due to implications, with regard to wound formation following surgical intervention, the facial reconstructive surgeon, in particular, must be familiar with the multitude of treatment modalities available. This article serves as a review of the underlying pathophysiology of wound healing, local and systemic processes that may influence the healing process, and treatments that facilitate tissue restoration while mitigating future complications.
Bilateral Smell Preservation is Routinely Possible following Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Sellar/Suprasellar Lesions
Authors: Ting Kuan-Chung , Wang Wei-Hsin , Kuan Edward C. , Lin Yung-Yang , Lan Ming-Ying 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been shown to be an effective means to access sellar lesions. However, there are limited studies centered on evaluating olfactory function after surgery. In this study, we assessed the pre- and postoperative olfactory function of patients who underwent EEA for sellar and suprasellar lesions. The impact of nasoseptal flap use on olfaction was further analyzed.
Study Design A retrospective study.
Setting A tertiary-care referral center in Taiwan.
Participants Patients with sellar and suprasellar lesions who underwent EEA and pre- and postoperative olfaction assessment from August 2015 to March 2018 were included in the study.
Main Outcome Measures The patients' olfactory function was examined pre-and postoperatively using the Sniffin' Sticks odor identification test. Data regarding demographics, olfactory scores, pathology, reconstructive technique, graft usage, and extent of resection were retrieved.
Results A total of 106 patients (36 males and 70 females) were enrolled, with a mean age of 51 years. There were 76 pituitary tumors, 12 Rathke's cleft cysts, 7 craniopharyngiomas, 7 meningiomas, and 4 other lesions. The nasoseptal flap was used in 39 patients for skull base reconstruction, and these patients had no statistically significant change between pre- and postoperative olfactory scores (p = 0.283). Moreover, a statistically significant improvement of olfactory scores was found in patients in whom the nasoseptal flap was not used.
Conclusion Olfactory function may be reliably preserved after EEA, with or without nasoseptal flap harvest and use.
Operative Times in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Can We Predict the Future Based on Contemporary Nationwide Data
Authors: Sultan Assem A. , Samuel Linsen T. , Karnuta Jaret M. , Acuña Alexander J. , Mahmood Mustafa , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services announced its decision to review “potentially misvalued” Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, including those for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). CPT 27447 is being reevaluated to determine contemporary relative value units for work value, with operative time considered a primary factor in this revaluation. Despite broader indications for TKA, including extension of the procedure to more complex patient populations, it is unknown whether operative times may remain stable in the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to specifically evaluate future trends in TKA operative times across a large sample from a national database. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database was queried from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017 to identify 286,816 TKAs using the CPT code 27447. Our final analysis included 140,890 TKAs. Autoregressive integrated moving average forecasting models were built to predict 2- and 10-year operative times. While operative times were significantly different between American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes 1 and 2 (p = 0.035), there were not enough patients in ASA class 1 to perform rigorous inference. Additionally, operative times were not significantly different between ASA classes 3 and the combined ASA classes 4 and 5 cohort (p = 0.95). Therefore, we were only able to perform forecasts for ASA classes 2 and 3. Operative time was found to be nonstationary for both ASA class 2 (p = 0.08269) and class 3 (p = 0.2385). As a whole, the projection models indicated that operative time will remain within 2 minutes of the present operative time, up to the year 2027. Our projections indicate that operative times will remain stable over the next decade. This suggests that there is a lack of evidence for reducing the valuation of CPT code 27477 based on intraservice time for TKA. Further study should examine operative time trends in the setting of evolving alternative payment models, increasing patient complexity, and governmental restrictions.
2.1.2 Palladium/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis
Authors: Vitale M. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter describes the recent development of original asymmetric transformations based on the synergistic merger of palladium catalysis with organocatalysis. Thanks to this association, the orthogonal and complementary activation of different reaction partners has proven to be key to the discovery of efficient enantioselective catalytic processes that would not otherwise be possible. To illustrate this, several selected examples are discussed. The combination of πallylpalladium catalysis with organocatalysis allows a considerable widening of the scope of enantioselective allylic alkylation reactions of carbonyl-containing compounds. Moreover, innovative asymmetric arylation of aldehydes, ketones, and alkenes has also been developed. Finally, palladium/organocatalyst dual catalysis constitutes a unique opportunity for the discovery of new cycloaddition processes.
Study of multimode semiconductor lasers with buried mesas
Authors: Shamakhov V.V. , Nikolaev D.N. , Golovin V.S. , Veselov D.A. , Slipchenko S.O. , Pikhtin N.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A buried-mesa AlGaAs/GaAs/GaInAs laser heterostructure emitting at a wavelength of 1050 nm is formed on a GaAs substrate by MOCVD. Mesa-stripe laser diodes with an aperture of 100 μm based on the obtained heterostructure are fabricated and studied. The internal optical losses of the laser diodes are 2.4 cm−1. The output powers in both directions achieved at a cavity length of 2900 μm in the cw and pulsed regimes were 2.1 and 23 W, respectively.
Composite three-layer potassium and silver halide fibre for the mid-IR range
Authors: Butvina A.L. , Butvina L.N. , Okhrimchuk A.G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report for the first time the possibility of co-extrusion of silver and potassium halide crystals to produce double-clad polycrystalline IR fibres. This combination allows the disadvantages inherent in each of the crystals separately to be overcome. The resulting fibres have stable long-term transmission and can be used to transmit CO2 laser radiation. The loss in the fibre at a wavelength of 10.6 μm constitutes 0.75 dB m−1.
Propagation of megawatt subpicosecond light pulses with the minimum possible shape and spectrum distortion in an air- or argon-filled hollow-core revolver fibre
Authors: Gladyshev A.V. , Yatsenko Yu.P. , Kosolapov A.F. , Myasnikov D.V. , Bufetov I.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We have examined the feasibility of undistorted subpicosecond pulse transmission at peak powers of up to 100 MW and a wavelength of 1030 nm in a hollow-core revolver fibre having a core filled with atmospheric air or argon. A hollow-core revolver fibre has been fabricated which has a low-dispersion (β
2 ≈ – 0.25 ps2 km−1) transmission band in the spectral range of ytterbium and neodymium lasers. Conditions for the nonlinear (soliton) regime of megawatt picosecond pulse propagation over up to 1-km lengths of revolver fibre in atmospheric air and argon at pressures in the range 10−5 to 1 atm have been found theoretically. We have experimentally demonstrated transmission of pulses of 0.8-ps duration and up to ∼100-MW power over an ∼3-m length of revolver fibre with the minimum possible distortion of their shape and spectrum.
Sensory effects of fluorescent organic dyes
Authors: Traven Valerii F. , Cheptsov Dmitrii A. 
Published: November 2019

Organic dyes are very promising substrates for modern sensing technologies. Their utility is based on the ‘push-pull’ polarization of a π-electron system, as well as their polyfunctionality. These properties make organic dyes capable of fluorescent sensory response to many analytes and provide different mechanisms of both fluorescence increase and fluorescence quenching. Specific organic reactions and structural transformations of fluorescent organic dyes are under consideration in this review. The data confirming the structures of the products of the related analytical reactions are discussed in more detail. Knowledge of the transformations that fluorescent organic dyes undergo in sensory effects can contribute to successful design of specific probes for novel sensory technologies.
The bibliography includes 365 references.
Understanding the attributes of the dual oasis effect in an arid region using remote sensing and observational data
Authors: Bie Qiang , Xie Yaowen , Wang Xiaoyun , Wei Baocheng , He Lei , Duan Hanming , Wang Ju 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Investigating the attributes of the dual oasis effect and oasis–desert interactions is crucial for understanding the climatic and ecological effects of oases. In this study, oasis effect intensity (OEI) was used as an indicator to investigate the factors that contribute to the dual oasis effect. The oasis effect has two attributes: the surface oasis heating effect (OHE) occurred in winter, while the oasis cooling effect (OCE) occurred in the other three seasons, especially in summer. During the day, the OEI of the whole oasis was −12.8°C, −5.2°C, and −4.5°C in summer, spring, and autumn, respectively, which indicated a strong OCE; and OEI was 0.5°C in winter, which indicated a weaker OHE. In arid regions, the OCE dominated most of the time, but the OHE occurred in winter and cannot be ignored. In addition, through statistical analysis and energy balance analysis, high evapotranspiration of the oasis was the main factor leading to the occurrence of OCE in the summer, while low albedo to the occurrence of OHE in winter.
Field emission microscopy pattern of a single-crystal diamond needle under ultrafast laser illumination
Authors: Mammez M H , Borz M , Blum I , Moldovan S , Arnoldi L , Idlahcen S , Hideur A , Kleshch V I , Obraztsov A N , Vella A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report herein on the spatial beam properties of a field emission electron source based on a single-crystal diamond needle illuminated by ultrashort light pulses. We show that the increasing of the laser intensity strongly modifies the emission pattern, leading to the emergence of a new emission region at high peak power. This region is situated on the opposite side of the diamond needle to the one irradiated by the laser. By spatially-resolved energy spectrometry, we prove that the electrons emitted from this region are governed by a multi-photon absorption process. The occurrence of this emission pattern can be explained by accounting for the inhomogeneous distribution of the optical field enhancement and the laser absorption induced by light diffraction within the nanometric needle. The numerical simulations performed on a real sub-wavelength tip confirm this localization of the optical field enhancement and reveal that the electrons trajectories match the spatial beam distribution evidenced experimentally. This work underlines the need to closely monitor the surface roughness of the field emitter as well as the laser illumination conditions to finely control its emission pattern.
Rainfall and Wave Height Prediction in Semarang City Using Vector Autoregressive Neural Network (VAR-NN) Methods
Authors: Sugito  , Mustafid  , Safitri D , Ispriyanti D , Hakim A R , Yasin H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the past few months in Semarang City, high rainfall and high waves give negative impact because the activities of fishermen to be stopped due to the waves of water. Another disadvantage is ROB flood. This is quite detrimental in addition to disrupting transportation and economic activities, but also causing damage to both government-owned assets and personal assets. This damage is caused by flood water which is mixed with sea water containing salt, so that it can cause corrosion. Vector of Autoregressive Neural Network (VAR-NN) is a development of the Autoregressive Vector (VAR) method using the Neural Network (NN) algorithm. The VAR method does not need to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous variables, its means that all variables used in the VAR model are used as endogenous variables. The VAR model can be used to explain and make predictions from endogenous variables from past data on these variables. VAR is developed using the Neural Network (NN) algorithm, where the basic principle of NN itself is an information processing algorithm that resembles the workings of the human brain, which uses a number of neurons to perform simple tasks. VAR-NN is often used in the economic, financial fields and believed to be able to make predictions of high rainfall and wave height. In this study using VAR-NN with FeedForward algorithm or called Backpropagatian. The results of rainfall prediction and wave height in Semarang city using this method have a Mean Square Error of 12,325 with the VAR-NN model (3, 2, 4).