bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water stress and warming impact nutrient use efficiency of Mombasa grass (Megathyrsus maximus) in tropical conditions
Authors: Olivera Viciedo Dilier , de Mello Prado Renato , Martinez Carlos A. , Habermann Eduardo , Branco Roberto Botelho Ferraz , de Cássia Piccolo Marisa , Calero Hurtado Alexander , Peña Calzada Kolima , Lata Tenesaca Luis F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemperature and other abiotic factors, such water and nutrient availability, play an important role for plants in response to the changing environments. At this regard, both warming and drought might affect the nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and growth ofMegathyrsus maximusa C4 forage grass of high interest for cattle feeding. However, the nutrient requirements of this species under climate change are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of two levels of temperature: ambient and elevated temperature (2°C above ambient temperature), and two levels of soil water availability: irrigated plants and non‐irrigated plants on accumulation of leaf nutrients, NUE and biomass production ofM. maximus. Temperature control was performed by a temperature free‐air‐controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) system under field conditions. In general, we observed that warming under well‐irrigated conditions increased the leaf accumulation of most nutrients, improving the NUE of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn. Plant growth was also enhanced under warming effects, with higher leaf dry mass accumulation and root development. Meanwhile, drought decreased NUE of K, Ca, B and leaf dry biomass, while root growth was stimulated. The combined effects of warming and drought on nutrient accumulation, NUE and plant growth tended to be greater than the individual effects expected from a single factor; thus, warming mitigated the negative impacts of individual drought. In summary, our findings suggest that warming and drought, both as individual and combined factors, will change the nutrient requirements ofM. maximusin tropical ecosystems.
Periodontal infrabony defects: Systematic review of healing by defect morphology following regenerative surgery
Authors: Nibali Luigi , Sultan Duaa , Arena Claudia , Pelekos George , Lin Guo‐Hao , Tonetti Maurizio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is thought that infrabony defect morphology affects the outcome of periodontal regenerative surgery. However, this has not been systematically investigated.AimsTo investigate how well defect morphology is described in papers reporting regenerative therapy of periodontal infrabony defects and to investigate its effect on clinical and radiographic outcomes.Materials and MethodsA search was conducted in 3 electronic databases for publications reporting clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal intra‐bony defects after regenerative therapy, divided by defect morphology.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 4487 papers, reduced to 143 after first and second screening. Fifteen of these publications were suitable for a fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. Initial defect depth was found to influence radiographic bone gain 12 months post‐surgery, while narrower angles and increased number of walls influenced both radiographic bone gain and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain at 12 months. These associations seemed to occur irrespective of biomaterials used. Risk of bias ranged from low to high.ConclusionDeeper defects with narrower angles and increased number of walls exhibit improved CAL and radiographic bone gain at 12 months post‐regenerative surgery. More data are needed about other aspects of defect morphology such as extension to buccal/lingual surfaces.
Cannabis: An Emerging Treatment for Common Symptoms in Older Adults
Authors: Yang Kevin H. , Kaufmann Christopher N. , Nafsu Reva , Lifset Ella T. , Nguyen Khai , Sexton Michelle , Han Benjamin H. , Kim Arum , Moore Alison A. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESUse of cannabis is increasing in a variety of populations in the United States; however, few investigations about how and for what reasons cannabis is used in older populations exist.DESIGNAnonymous survey.SETTINGGeriatrics clinic.PARTICIPANTSA total of 568 adults 65 years and older.INTERVENTIONNot applicable.MEASUREMENTSSurvey assessing characteristics of cannabis use.RESULTSApproximately 15% (N = 83) of survey responders reported using cannabis within the past 3 years. Half (53%) reported using cannabis regularly on a daily or weekly basis, and reported using cannabidiol‐only products (46%). The majority (78%) used cannabis for medical purposes only, with the most common targeted conditions/symptoms being pain/arthritis (73%), sleep disturbance (29%), anxiety (24%), and depression (17%). Just over three‐quarters reported cannabis “somewhat” or “extremely” helpful in managing one of these conditions, with few adverse effects. Just over half obtained cannabis via a dispensary, and lotions (35%), tinctures (35%), and smoking (30%) were the most common administration forms. Most indicated family members (94%) knew about their cannabis use, about half reported their friends knew, and 41% reported their healthcare provider knowing. Sixty‐one percent used cannabis for the first time as older adults (aged ≥61 years), and these users overall engaged in less risky use patterns (e.g., more likely to use for medical purposes, less likely to consume via smoking).CONCLUSIONMost older adults in the sample initiated cannabis use after the age of 60 years and used it primarily for medical purposes to treat pain, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and/or depression. Cannabis use by older adults is likely to increase due to medical need, favorable legalization, and attitudes.
Association Between Exposure to General Versus Regional Anesthesia and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults
Authors: Velkers Clive , Berger Miles , Gill Sudeep S. , Eckenhoff Roderic , Stuart Heather , Whitehead Marlo , Austin Peter C. , Rochon Paula A. , Seitz Dallas 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESCognitive changes are commonly observed in older adults following surgical procedures. There are concerns that exposure to general anesthesia (GA) may contribute to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Our study examined the associations between exposure to GA compared with regional anesthesia (RA) administered for elective surgical procedures and the development of dementia.DESIGNPopulation‐based propensity matched retrospective cohort study.SETTINGLinked administrative databases were accessed from ICES (formerly called the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Services) in Ontario, Canada.PARTICIPANTSWe included all community‐dwelling individuals aged 66 and older who underwent one of five elective surgical procedures in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2007, and March 31, 2011. Individuals with evidence of dementia preceding cohort entry were excluded. Individuals who received GA were matched within surgical procedures to those who received RA on age, sex, cohort entry year, and a propensity score to control for potential confounders.MEASUREMENTSThe baseline characteristics of the study sample were compared before and after matching. Individuals were followed for up to 5 years following cohort entry for the occurrence of dementia using a validated algorithm. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between anesthetic type and dementia. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were undertaken.RESULTSA total of 7,499 matched pairs were included in the final analysis. Overall, no difference was observed in the risk of being diagnosed with dementia for individuals who received GA when compared with RA (HR = 1.0; 95% CI = .8–1.2). There was also no association between anesthesia and dementia in most subgroup and sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSIONElective surgery using GA was not associated with an overall elevated risk of dementia when compared with RA. Future studies are required to determine whether surgery is a risk factor for dementia irrespective of anesthetic technique.
Sex differences in the neurochemistry of frontal cortex: Impact of early life stress
Authors: Perry Christina J. , Campbell Erin J. , Drummond Katherine D. , Lum Jeremy S. , Kim Jee Hyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraumatic events during early life have been linked with later life psychopathology. To understand this risk factor, researchers have studied the effects of prenatal and postnatal early life stress on neurochemical changes. Here we review the rodent literature on sex differences and sex‐specific impact of early life stress on frontal cortex neurochemistry. This region is implicated in regulating motivation and emotion, which are often disrupted in psychological disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) in particular is one of the last brain regions to develop, and there are sex differences in the rate of this development. To draw direct comparisons between sexes, our review of the literature was restricted to studies where the effects of prenatal or postnatal stress had been described in male and female littermates. This literature included research describing glutamate, γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA), corticosteroids, monoamines, and cannabinoids. We found that sex‐dependent effects of stress are mediated by the age at which stress is experienced, age at test, and type of stress endured. More research is required, particularly into the effects of adolescent stress on male and female littermates. We hope that a greater understanding of sex‐specific susceptibilities in response to stress across development will help to uncover risk factors for psychological disorders in vulnerable populations.
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Alzheimer’s protection effect of A673T mutation may be driven by lower Aβ oligomer binding affinity
Authors: Limegrover Colleen S. , LeVine Harry , Izzo Nicholas J. , Yurko Raymond , Mozzoni Kelsie , Rehak Courtney , Sadlek Kelsey , Safferstein Hank , Catalano Susan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral mutations conferring protection against Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been described, none as profound as the A673T mutation, where carriers are four times less likely to get AD compared to noncarriers. This mutation results in reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) protein production in vitro and lower lifetime Aβ concentration in carriers. Better understanding of the protective mechanisms of the mutation may provide important insights into AD pathophysiology and identify productive therapeutic intervention strategies for disease modification. Aβ(1‐42) protein forms oligomers that bind saturably to a single receptor site on neuronal synapses, initiating the downstream toxicities observed in AD. Decreased formation, toxicity, or stability of soluble Aβ oligomers, or reduction of synaptic binding of these oligomers, may combine with overall lower Aβ concentration to underlie A673T’s disease protecting mechanism. To investigate these possibilities, we compared the formation rate of soluble oligomers made from Icelandic A673T mutant and wild type (wt) Aβ(1‐42) synthetic protein, the amount and intensity of oligomer bound to mature primary rat hippocampal/cortical neuronal synapses, and the potency of bound oligomers to impact trafficking rate in neurons in vitro using a physiologically relevant oligomer preparation method. At equal protein concentrations, mutant protein forms approximately 50% or fewer oligomers of high molecular weight (>50 kDa) compared to wt protein. Mutant oligomers are twice as potent at altering the cellular vesicle trafficking rate as wt at equivalent concentrations, however, mutant oligomers have a >4‐fold lower binding affinity to synaptic receptors (Kd = 1,950 vs. 442 nM). The net effect of these differences is a lower overall toxicity at a given concentration. This study demonstrates for the first time that mutant A673T Aβ oligomers prepared with this method have fundamentally different assembly characteristics and biological impact from wt protein and indicates that its disease protecting mechanism may result primarily from the mutant protein's much lower binding affinity to synaptic receptors. This suggests that therapeutics that effectively reduce oligomer binding to synapses in the brain may be beneficial in AD.image
Contextualizing the Sharing Economy
Authors: Bai Guo , Velamuri S. Ramakrishna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Sharing Economy (SE) has demonstrated unprecedented capability in large‐scale mobilization of dispersed and underutilized private assets for collective usage. We argue that the SE represents a unique governance structure with dual nature of two‐sided market platform and modular architecture. Although the emergence of the SE is enabled by the rise of digital applications and changes in consumption attitudes, the effectiveness of this governance structure is not uniform across contexts. We analyse the roles of disparate actors in the SE and the relationships among them, in order to identify the contexts under which the SE is most likely to be the effective governance structure compared with traditional governance structures such as markets and firms, and new governance structures such as other platform economies and collaborative ecosystems. Two comparison frameworks are developed to illustrate the contextual factors that determine the effectiveness of the SE vis‐à‐vis other governance structures.
Impact of Menthol on Growth and Photosynthetic Function of Breviolum Minutum (Dinoflagellata, Dinophyceae, Symbiodiniaceae) and Interactions with its Aiptasia Host
Authors: Clowez Sophie , Renicke Christian , Pringle John R. , Grossman Arthur R. 
Published: October 2020

Environmental change, including global warming and chemical pollution, can compromise cnidarian‐(e.g., coral‐) dinoflagellate symbioses and cause coral bleaching. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate these symbioses will inform strategies for sustaining healthy coral–reef communities. A model system for corals is the symbiosis between the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (common name Aiptasia) and its dinoflagellate partners (family Symbiodiniaceae). To complement existing studies of the interactions between these organisms, we examined the impact of menthol, a reagent often used to render cnidarians aposymbiotic, on the dinoflagellate Breviolum minutum, both in culture and in hospite. In both environments, the growth and photosynthesis of this alga were compromised at either 100 or 300 µM menthol. We observed reduction in PSII and PSI functions, the abundances of reaction‐center proteins, and, at 300 µM menthol, of total cellular proteins. Interestingly, for free‐living algae exposed to 100 µM menthol, an initial decline in growth, photosynthetic activities, pigmentation, and protein abundances reversed after 5–15 d, eventually approaching control levels. This behavior was observed in cells maintained in continuous light, but not in cells experiencing a light–dark regimen, suggesting that B. minutum can detoxify menthol or acclimate and repair damaged photosynthetic complexes in a light‐ and/or energy‐dependent manner. Extended exposures of cultured algae to 300 µM menthol ultimately resulted in algal death. Most symbiotic anemones were also unable to survive this menthol concentration for 30 d. Additionally, cells impaired for photosynthesis by pre‐treatment with 300 µM menthol exhibited reduced efficiency in re‐populating the anemone host.
Retrospective evaluation of the safety and tolerability of pimobendan in cats with obstructive vs nonobstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ward Jessica L. , Kussin Efrem Z. , Tropf Melissa A. , Tou Sandra P. , DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Keene Bruce W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPimobendan is frequently used off‐label for treatments of cats with congestive heart failure (CHF). Concern exists regarding the safety of pimobendan in cats with outflow tract obstruction (OTO).ObjectivesIn cats treated with pimobendan, incidence of adverse effects will not differ between cats with OTO vs cats with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy.AnimalsTwo‐hundred sixty cats with CHF (57 with OTO, 203 with nonobstructive disease).MethodsRetrospective medical record review. Groups were compared using 2‐samplet‐tests, Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, and Fisher exact tests.ResultsCompared to cats with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy, cats with OTO were younger (8.9 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.6] vs 10.8 [6.3] years,P= .0036), more likely to have a heart murmur (51/57 [90%] vs 76/203 [37.8%] cats,P< .0001), more likely to manifest CHF as pulmonary edema (53/57 [83%] vs 144/203 [70.9%] cats,P= .0004), and less likely to have pleural effusion (19/57 [33%] vs 122/203 [60.1%] cats,P= .0005). Adverse effects suspected to be related to pimobendan administration occurred in 12/260 cats (4.6%), including 11/203 cats (5.4%) with nonobstructive cardiomyopathy and 1/57 cat (2%) with OTO (P= .7). Pimobendan was discontinued due to adverse effects in 4/260 cats (1.5%), 3 with nonobstructive disease and 1 with OTO (P= 1.0). Acute adverse hemodynamic effects after pimobendan administration were not detected in any cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePimobendan is well tolerated in cats with cardiomyopathy and CHF, regardless of the presence of OTO.
Disentangling native and alien plant diversity in coastal sand dune ecosystems worldwide
Authors: Tordoni Enrico , Bacaro Giovanni , Weigelt Patrick , Cameletti Michela , Janssen John A.M. , Acosta Alicia T.R. , Bagella Simonetta , Filigheddu Rossella , Bergmeier Erwin , Buckley Hannah L. , Ciccarelli Daniela , Forey Estelle , Hennekens Stephan M. , Lubke Roy A. , Mahdavi Parastoo , Peet Robert K. , Peinado Manuel , Sciandrello Saverio , Kreft Holger 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims(a) To disentangle the global patterns of native and alien plant diversity on coastal sand dune ecosystems across habitats and floristic kingdoms; (b) to determine the main drivers of variation in species richness in native and alien species in these endangered ecosystems; and (c) to test for an interaction between spatial scale and native–alien richness patterns, as predicted by the invasion paradox.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe collated a dataset of 14,841 vegetation plots in coastal sand dune ecosystems from around the world. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) were used to assess the patterns and main ecological determinants underlying native and alien species richness. Variation partitioning revealed the relative importance of environmental and anthropogenic variables.ResultsGLMs revealed strong differences among both habitats and floristic kingdoms in the number of native and alien species. Specifically, native species richness increased along the sea–inland gradient and was higher in the Cape and Paleotropical kingdoms. In contrast, alien species richness was relatively similar across habitats and kingdoms, though some differences were detected. There were strong differences between the drivers of native and alien richness; anthropogenic factors such as gross domestic product were positively associated with alien richness whereas native richness was more strongly related to environmental factors. Furthermore, we found a weak support for an invasion paradox effect.ConclusionsOur results revealed the complexity of causal processes underpinning coastal sand dune plant biodiversity and highlight the importance of considering native and alien species separately. Recognizing these differences while researching variation in biodiversity patterns and processes at multiple spatial scales will lead to a better mechanistic understanding of the causes of invasion worldwide, and in coastal ecosystems in particular, allowing the development of more focused control and management measures.
Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir combination is safe and effective in treating chronic hepatitis C in end‐stage renal disease on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Taneja Sunil , Duseja Ajay , Mehta Manu , De Arka , Verma Nipun , Premkumar Madhumita , Dhiman Radha K. , Singh Virendra , Singh Mini P. , Ratho Radha K. , Ramachandran Raja , Kumar Vivek , Kohli Harbir S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThere is emerging data on the use of Sofosbuvir‐based directly acting antiviral (DAA) drug regimens in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of Sofosbuvir plus Velpatasvir fixed‐dose combination in CHC patients with ESRD on MHD.MethodsFifty‐one CHC patients with ESRD on MHD were included in a real‐life prospective study. All patients irrespective of genotype; presence of cirrhosis; treatment naive or experienced status were treated with full‐dose Sofosbuvir (400 mg) plus Velpatasvir (100 mg) fixed‐dosed combination given daily for 12 weeks. The efficacy was assessed by the sustained virological response (SVR12) with negative HCV RNA 12 weeks after the end of treatment (ETR). Side effects if any were recorded in all patients.ResultsThe median HCV RNA level in 51 CHC patients [Males 41 (80.4%), mean age 42.8 ± 14.6 years] was 2.0 × 106 IU/mL. HCV genotype was available in 19 patients with predominant genotype 1 in 15 (79%) patients. Ten (19.6%) patients had evidence of cirrhosis (defined as LSM ≥ 12.5 kPa on Transient Elastography), and 8 (15.6%) patients were treatment experienced. Testing for ETR was done in 36 patients and all 36 (100%) patients achieved ETR, and 49 patients (96%) achieved SVR 12. All 51 patients tolerated the Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir combination, with none of the patients reporting any serious adverse event.ConclusionSofosbuvir plus Velpatasvir fixed‐dose combination is safe and effective in treating CHC in patients with ESRD on MHD.