bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of influence of ascorbic acid, reducing sugars and methyldopa on betalains content in Celosia cristata callus
Authors: Lystvan K. V. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and methyl DOPA as one of the DOPA decarboxylase inhibitors on total amount and spectrum of betalains in the callus culture of cockscomb Celosia cristata L. (Amaranthaceae). Methods. Tissue culture methods, analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometry. Results. Adding of some reducing sugars (1 % of glucose, arabinose or rhamnose) to the media does not increase the total betalains content. Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 5 mM also does not significantly affect the amount of betalains, but considerably inhibit the callus growth. Moreover, ascorbic acid causes significant decreasing of the dopamine content and the normalized concentration of the main betacyanin pigment of the callus – amaranthin. Investigations have begun to study the effects of DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitors on the content of betalains and dopamine. Increased level of betalains in the callus in the presence of all used concentrations of methylDOPA was aobserved. The necessity of use of ascorbic acid or another stabilizer of methylDOPA in order to prevent oxidation of this inhibitor has been established. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that methylDOPA as well as, probably, other inhibitors of DOPA decarboxylase can influence on betalains level in callus culture, so their use may be a potential strategy for these pigments content increasing.
Keywords: Celosia cristata L. betalains, dopamine, callus culture.
Inheritance stability of hybrid plasmid TrS16 in transformant under long-term culture conditions without supporting selection
Authors: Lukyanchuk V. V. , Golembiovska S. L. , Polishchuk L. V. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The aim is to define the stability of inheritance the streptomycete recombinant plasmid TrS16 (8.4 kb) by TрS16 – 2 transformant cells of after the long-term storage without a purposeful selection (thiostrepton). Methods. Applied microbiological, genetic and physical-chemical methods. The recombinant plasmid of TrS16 was constructed on a base of the hybrid plasmid рАХ5а. The plasmidless variant of strain of Streptomyces globisporus 1912 was used as a recipient for the plasmid TrS16. Results. It is set that 5 % cells of transformant TрS16 – 2 population saved thiostrepton resistance after his periodic subculturings without selective pressure him during 5 years. The hybrid plasmid TrS16 was found only in a fourth from the investigated thiostreptonrecipient colonies of transformant of TрS16 – 2. Conclusions. The hybrid plasmid TrS16 is characterized satisfactory stability of inheritance by the transfotmant TрS16 – 2 after long-term storage of transformant without the use of thiostrepton for a purposeful selection.
Keywords: plasmid, vector, insertion, stability of inheritance.
Effect of vanadium(IV) on the growth of Artemisia tilesii “hairy” root culture
Authors: Matvieieva N. A. , Gavryliuk O. A. , Duplij V. P. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. Determination of the effect of toxic metals on plants is of considerable interest, since contamination of the environment with toxicants is a threat to the safety of agriculture and human health. Vanadium increased content in soil leads to the suppression of plant growth. The aim of the work was to determine the peculiarities of the influence of V(IV) (neutral solution [V4+ cit]) on Artemisia tilesii Ledeb plants in the in vitro model system and to compare this effect on the growth of “hairy” root culture and plants. Methods. Plant shoots and transgenic roots were cultivated on a solidified Murashige and Skoog medium with V(IV) at 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg/L. Mass increase was measured after 4 weeks. Results. It was found that V(IV) at 50 mg/L concentration completely inhibited root formation and led to shoot death. Transgenic roots survived even at 100 mg/L of vanadium. Conclusions. The results of the work demonstrated that A. tilesii “hairy” roots were characterized by greater resistance to V(IV) than control plants. In addition, differences in the sensitivity of different root lines to this compound were detected. This fact probably could be explained by the transformation, the transfer of agrobacterial genes, and changes in the secondary metabolism in transgenic roots.
Keywords: vanadium(IV), Artemisia tilesii Ledeb., “hairy” root culture.
Possible replacement of cytokinins and auxins in culture in vitro
Authors: Oliynik T. M. , Kovbasenko R. B. , Dmitriev A. P. , Dulniev P. G. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. To perform an analysis of the effectiveness of our proposed modification of the classical MS medium in which auxin and cytokinin are replaced by derivatives of the class of tetrahydrothio-fendioxide and pyridine. Methods. In this study, the work with cell culture in vitro, in particular aseptic sprouting of seeds, microclonal reproduction, callusogenesis and initiation of various types of morphogenesis was carried out according to known techniques. Two varieties of potatoes (Slovyanka, Lugovskaya) and two varieties of tomato (Lagidny, Bobrytsky) were used to induce somaclonal variability. Results. The ability of preparations of tetrahydrothiophenedioxide and pyridine derivatives to perform the function of auxins and cytokinins in the MS medium in the callusogenesis of Solanacea cultures in vitro was established. Conclusions. It has been shown that with the use of the new generation drug (tetrahydrothiophenedioxide-pyridine), as a substitute for auxin and cytokinin in the MS medium, the growth of callus tissue is even increased. The production of the pilot batch of this substitute proved to be much cheaper than synthesis or the purchase of phytohormones.
Keywords: modification of MS medium, phytohormones substitute, tetrahydro-thiophenedioxide-pyridine, potato, tomato.
Autophagy development as an adaptive response to microgravity conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Shadrina R. Yu. , Yemets A. I. , Blume Ya. B. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The main aim of the study was to analyze the effect of microgravity on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings at different time intervals of cultivation (4–10 days) and to investigate the development of autophagy induced by the conditions of microgravity in seedlings root cells. Methods. Microscopic methods as well as in vitro propagation method were used. To simulate of microgravity conditions plants were placed in clinostat machine. Results. In the course of experiments, the peaks of the formation of autophagosome were recorded: in the cells of the root cap zone of at 9th day and in the cells of the root zone extension on the 10th day of clinical establishment. Conclusions. It can be concluded that microgravity is capable to induce the development of autophagy in the roots of A. thaliana seedlings. Cells with signs of autophagy were revealed on the 9th and 10th day of cultivation of seedlings under microgravity conditions. Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana, autophagy, microgravity.
The main problem of studying biological evolution
Authors: Mikhyeyev A. N. 
Published: November 2019

The evolutionary aspect of the emergence problem is the main problem of studying the laws of biological evolution. A possible mechanism of how an ontogenetically modified phenotype (phenotypic modification, “morphosis”) is fixed in the genotype – the problem of “genetic assimilation” is considered. In particular, it is assumed that adaptive mutagenesis is involved in this, generating random multiple mutations that are “not Lamarckian”, but Darwinian, because they occur in random places in the genome. Stress-induced mutations that arise as a result of error-prone repair processes, while not targeting specific genes, are not randomly scattered around the genome. On the contrary, these mutations are concentrated around double-stranded DNA breaks caused by various stressors. It is assumed that the breaks occur with greater probability in actively transcribed DNA regions, reflecting the current activity of the organism and being the most open DNA regions. All this creates the conditions for the more likely appearance of useful mutations in the “trained” locus of the genome. Keywords: selectogenesis, nomogenesis, genetic assimilation, stress-mutagenesis.
Lexical problems of genetic and breeding terminology in agricultural science and education
Authors: Opalko A. I. , Opalko O. A. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The need to improve the genetic and breeding terminology, in particular its lexicographic components as well as the necessity to more precise definition of certain indirect terminological borrowing were causes our research. Methods. In the process of preparation of materials of terminological dictionaries, textbooks and manuals, as well as scientific works on general genetics and plant breeding published in various years were analyzed and colligated. The peculiarities of the certain terms use were investigated by methods of theoretical analysis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature, in consideration of the methodical aspects of component analysis. Results. The phenomenon of different terms using for the definition of the same concepts, confuse definitions and spelling errors of a number of terms and incorrect synonymy, Russism and other common mistakes occur found in Ukrainian scientific, methodological and educational publications are analyzed. The negative consequences of an incorrect translation of thesis summaries and scientific articles abstracts into English are noted. Conclusions. The linguistic and terminological expertise must be carried out in order to unify of the genetic and breeding terminology and more precise definition of certain indirect terminological borrowing. The efforts of geneticists, breeders and linguists should combine for preparing modern Academy explaining dictionary.
Keywords: backcross, dihaploid, nutrient medium, reciprocal crosses, inbreeding, progeny.
Vitrification during development of clonal micropropagation technology for rare plant species of Salvia scabiosifolia Lam.
Authors: Holubenko A. V. , Nuzhyna N. V. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. Anatomical structure comparison of normal and vitrified Salvia scabiosifolia Lam plants in vitro; nutrient medium growth regulator selection for vitrification minimization. Methods. In vitro culture methods were used. Plants were grown on MS nutrient medium, enriched by peroxyacetic and indoleacetic acids and BAP with different combinations and concentrations. Anatomical leaf slices 10 µm thick were dyed with aceto-orcein and safranin. Results. Anatomical differences between thew structures of normal and vitrified S. scabiosifolia leaves were detected. Minimal vitrification was achieved by using nutrient mediums with 0.2 mg/l IAA + 1 mg/l BAP; 0.2 mg/l IAA + 2.5 mg/l BAP; 0.2 mg/l IAA + 0.1 mg/l NAA + 2 mg/l BAP. Conclusions. Anatomical structural features of vitrified leaves indicate abnormal transpiration, division and growth speed of epidermis and mesophyll cells. Vitrification can be lowered by variation of growth regulation content in the nutrient medium. Major role in causing vitrification in S. scabiosifolia is played by auxins, but combining them with cytokinins lowers vitrification significantly.
Keywords: Salvia scabiosifolia Lam., in vitro, plant anatomy, vitrification, auxins, BAP.
Digital Predistortion for Power Amplifiers
Authors: Gilabert Pere L. , Montoro Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the principles of digital predistortion (DPD) linearization, a crucial technique for enhancing the performance of radiofrequency power amplifiers (PAs). The chapter delves into the inherent trade‐off between linearity and efficiency in PAs, highlighting the challenges of maintaining both high efficiency and linearity in wireless communication systems. It explores various power amplifier behavioral models and the methods used for parameter identification. The chapter also discusses the learning approaches employed for the parameter identification of the DPD, focusing on how they optimize the predistortion process. Regularization techniques, which are crucial for preventing overfitting and improving modeling performance, are examined in detail. Additionally, an overview of feature selection and feature extraction techniques is provided, emphasizing their importance in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency, in terms of computational complexity, of DPD algorithms. By integrating these topics, the chapter offers a detailed guide to understanding and implementing DPD linearization, making it a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working to cope with the inherent PA trade‐off between linearity and power efficiency in modern communication systems.
Polarization
Authors: Maybell Michael J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Polarization is the property of a plane wave that completely describes the magnitude, direction, and angle of the phasor electric field in the plane transverse to propagation over one RF cycle. People working on antennas, communications, or propagation need to understand this fundamental property of electromagnetic waves to be able to efficiently solve common problems. This document introduces the fundamental concepts of electromagnetic wave polarization. It begins with the mathematical description of a phasor plane wave broken up into two orthogonal components and shows how when these are superimposed, the tip of the electric field traces an ellipse once each RF cycle. The principal constituent parts of the polarization ellipse are described which are the ratio of major to minor ellipse axis (axial ratio or AR), major axis tilt angle (
τ
), and direction of rotation (sense). The Poincaré sphere is introduced which provides a powerful, intuitive, and convenient method for representing polarization and doing polarization computations. The polarization ratio is described which provides a convenient means with which to measure, characterize, and compute polarization‐related parameters. The ellipse, sphere, and polarization ratios are documented and key formulas are presented in a single sheet “Polarization Basics Diagram.” How this diagram may be used to do most all polarization computations without further equations is described. Additional helpful equations are documented. Several numerical examples are presented using the material in this chapter.
Interfacial Engineering of β‐Ketoenamine‐Based COFs/Urea‐Linked Perylene Diimide for Overall Photosynthesis of H2O2 in Seawater
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , You Yang , Huang Liang , Zhao Jie , Ji Wen , Li Libo , Bu Donglei , Huang Shaoming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐efficiently non‐sacrificial H2O2 production is challenging due to the sluggish kinetics of ORR and WOR and severe electron‐hole recombination. Via interfacial engineering, a series of non‐metal photocatalysts are rationally designed and constructed, covalently bonded TpDT‐COF (TP) and urea‐PDI (UP), to achieve high non‐sacrificially photocatalytic H2O2 production in seawater. Experimental and theoretical analysis has revealed that an interfacial electric field is formed between covalently bonded TP and UP, which provides an internal driving force to enhance the electron‐hole separation. Further mechanistic studies reveal that the H2O2 production follows a simultaneous two‐step 2e− ORR and 4e− OER route. Moreover, the activity toward OER of the active center at the UP is significantly promoted due to a net charge transfer from UP to TP after covalently bonding. As a result, a high non‐sacrificial H2O2 production rate of 3846 µmol gh−1 in seawater is achieved. Furthermore, a 4.7 mM H2O2 is obtained after a 13 h‐continuous photocatalytic reaction, which can be directly used to purify dye and phenol contaminated water. Notably, the strategy of creating interfacial electric field coupled with desired charge transfer provides a universal approach for non‐sacrificial photosynthesis by enhancing the electron‐hole separation and activity of catalytic centers simultaneously.
Hollow Polyaniline Microspheres Decorated Fabric Sensor with Electromagnetic Wave‐Absorbing and Multimodal Sensing Toward Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Wang Jun , Yan Kai , Li Xiao , Zong Yan , Xu Qunna , Sun Xiaodan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping comfortable, protective, and reliable monitoring wearable devices is of great significance for next‐generation electronic devices. However, previously reported fabrics have proven inadequate for cross‐mechanism sensing integration and electromagnetic wave (EMW) protection. To address these, an electromagnetic wave‐absorbing flexible wearable device with multimodal sensing capabilities is fabricated based on cotton fabric through polypyrrole (PPy) in situ growth as well as dip‐coating with polyaniline hollow microspheres (PHMs) and amino silane modified polyurethane. It demonstrates excellent electromagnetic wave‐absorbing properties (Reflection loss peak: −48.20 dB, Effective absorption bandwidth:4.2 GHz). Remarkably, three sensing units have been all integrated by a multimodal sensing principle (strain, temperature, and triboelectric nanogenerator) in an all‐in‐one structural configuration. The motion sensing unit shows quick response (225 ms) and recovery (285 ms) times with high sensitivity (Gage factor ≈9.2). The temperature sensing unit has a sensitivity of 0.59% K−1. The self‐powered tactile sensing unit exhibits high output voltage (41 V), maximum instantaneous power density (1.9 W m−2), and detects touching incentive within 0.3 s. Smart human–machine interaction is demonstrated in applications like morse code, temperature, and touching detection. This study serves as a proof‐of‐concept for new smart textiles, showcasing potential for integrated flexible wearable devices, artificial intelligence, and human–machine interactions.
A Gym for Cells—Direct Laser Writing of Magnetic Multilayered Micro Actuators for Mechanical Stimulation of Cells
Authors: Geid Nicolas , Husari Ayman , Galli Eleonora , Leffler Lukas , Tomakidi Pascal , Rühe Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMechanical forces play a crucial role in many biological processes, including cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. The generation of surface‐attached multilayer micromagnet systems fabricated by two‐photon lithography and the use of such systems to perform single‐cell actuation are presented. The actuators are generated by two‐photon crosslinking and consist of a soft and flexible surface‐attached hydrogel layer swollen in aqueous medium and a hydrophobic polymer filled with magnetic nanoparticles. To this, thin copolymer bilayers containing a photoreactive crosslinking moiety are deposited on a solid substrate. The crosslinker units are activated by two‐photon excitation and react via a C,H insertion reaction with any nearby aliphatic C,H bonds. This leads to crosslinking and surface‐attachment of the forming structures so that arrays of micromagnetic pillars with spatially controlled cell adhesion behavior are formed in a single step. Cells are placed on the pillars and actuation is induced by an external magnetic field allowing for highly controllable dynamic and static actuation. Geometric differences can be used to vary cell morphogenesis and movement of the actuators to stretch the cells resulting in highly customizable actuator systems for specific cell growth and actuation control and the study of cell behavior on the molecular level.
Synergistic Target‐Attacking Tumor Cells and M2 Macrophages via a Triple‐Responsive Nanoassembly for Complete Metastasis Blocking
Authors: Wang Bei , Cheng Hao , Ji Zhongsheng , Jiang Zijun , Wang Rong , Ding Yang , Ni Jiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCollaboration of cancerous cells and microenvironment is the root for tumor spreading, leading to difficulty in complete metastasis blockage via mono‐intervention. Herein, a triple‐responsive nanoassembly is designed for orienting tumor cells and migration‐driving M2 tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in microenvironment for efficient anti‐metastatic therapy. Structurally, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive crosslinked short‐chain polyquaternium is synthesized to bridge graphene oxide (GO) scaffold with apolipoprotein A‐I crown via borate‐crosslinking, electrostatic adherence, and coordinative coupling. The protein‐crowning polymeric GO nanoparticles could give multimodal shielding and triple‐responsive release of doxorubicin and Snail‐targeted siRNA. Tailor‐made apolipoprotein A‐I crown fulfills nanoparticles synergistically attacking tumor cells and M2 TAMs via binding with overexpressed scavenger receptors. The findings witness the targeted accumulation and potent cytotoxicity of the hybrid nanoparticles for M2 TAMs and tumor cells; especially, elimination of M2 TAMs in tumor microenvironment holds back Snail‐enhancing transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signal pathway, which collaborates with Snail silencing in tumor cells to reverse epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis‐promoting niche. Collectively, the synergistic targeting therapeutic platform could provide a promising solution for metastatic tumor treatment.
A Multisynergistic Strategy for Bone Tumor Treatment: Orchestrating Oxidative Stress and Autophagic Flux Inhibition by Environmental‐Response Nanoparticle
Authors: Chen Xiaochen , Tian Pengfei , Chai Wenwen , Zhang Liyan , Qin Muyan , Fan Mengke , Liang Na , Kim Jua , Wang Yansong , Lu Weijia William , Wang Deping , Cui Xu , Pan Haobo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTumor therapy has advanced significantly in recent years, but tumor cells can still evade and survive the treatment through various mechanisms. Notably, tumor cells use autophagy to sustain viability by removing impaired mitochondria and clearing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the aim is to amplify intracellular oxidative stress by inhibiting mitochondrial autophagic flux. Multisynergistic environmental‐response nanoparticles (ERNs) are engineered by integrating gold nanoparticles and copper peroxide with borosilicate bioactive glass. The controlled release of copper and inhibition of autophagy flux triggered an overabundance and accumulation of oxidative stress within the tumor cells. This stress triggered immunogenic tumor cell death, believed to initiate a systemic immune response. The tumor microenvironment (TME) transitioned back to a normal physiological state as tumor cells are ablated. ERNs responded to the microenvironment changes by depositing hydroxyapatite on the surface and spontaneously enhancing bone regeneration. This innovative formulation facilitates the functional transition of ERNs from “anti‐tumor therapy” to “biomineralization” that kills cancers and induces new bone formation. Overall, it is shown that the ERNs effectively eradicate cancers by utilizing chemodynamic therapy, starvation therapy, and immunotherapy.