bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traversable wormholes in $$R+\alpha R^n$$ gravity
Authors: Godani Nisha , Samanta Gauranga C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, the study of traversable wormholes in f(R) gravity with the function $$f(R)=R+\alpha R^n$$f(R)=R+αRn, where $$\alpha $$α and n are arbitrary constants, is taken into account. The shape function $$b(r)=\frac{r}{\exp (r-r_0)}$$b(r)=rexp(r-r0), proposed by Samanta et al. (arXiv:1811.06834v1 [gr-qc], 2018), is considered. The energy conditions with respect to both constant and variable redshift functions are discussed and the existence of wormhole solutions without presence of exotic matter is investigated.
The possibility of an appropriate neutron beam achievement for medical purposes based on GEANT4 calculations
Authors: Ivanyan V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProton-induced reactions on the 9Be target are considered as a neutron source, and dependence of neutron yield on target thicknesses is investigated. The optimal thickness of the 9Be target with the design and optimization characteristics of a beam shaping assembly (BSA) for neutron flux from the thick target is studied with the GEANT4 program. To create the realistic model of the experiment, there are inserted two physics lists for nuclear and electromagnetic reactions. To get a high flux of neutrons had taken into account usage of special materials as moderators on the base of (n, 2n) nuclear reactions, as well as, moderators which will decrease the energy of neutrons to achieve the appropriate thermal/epithermal neutron flux. The creation of the system, which must be made from reflectors and moderators, is a necessity to explore the possibility of an appropriate neutron flux achievement for medical purposes, especially for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). GEANT4 simulations of this scientific paper describe the study of IBA’s C18/18 cyclotron-based neutron sources and its possible usage for therapies.
Henry Cadell's ‘Experimental researches in mountain building’: their lessons for interpreting thrust systems and fold–thrust structures
Authors: Butler Robert W. H. , Bond Clare E. , Cooper Mark A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In 1888, inspired by fieldwork in what has become known as the Moine Thrust Belt, NW Scotland, Henry Cadell conducted a pioneering series of analogue deformation experiments to investigate the structural evolution of fold–thrust belts. Some experiments showed that imbricate thrusts build up thrust wedges of variable form, without requiring precursor folding. Others demonstrated a variety of fold–thrust structures and how heterogeneities in basement can localize thrust structures. These experiments are described here and used to draw lessons on how analogue deformation experiments are used to inform the interpretation of fold–thrust structures. Early adopters used Cadell's results as guides to structural styles when constructing cross-sections in thrust belts. His models and the host of others created since serve to illustrate part of the range of structural geometries in thrust belts. However, as with much subsequent work, Cadell's use of a deformation apparatus, with a fixed basal slip surface, biases perceptions of fold–thrust belts to be necessarily ‘thin-skinned’ (experimental design bias) and can simply reinforce established interpretations of natural systems (confirmation bias). So analogue deformation experiments may be unreliable guides to the deterministic interpretations of specific fold–thrust structures in the sub surface of the real world.
CpG-ODN Induces a Dose-Dependent Enrichment of Immunological Niches in the Spleen and Lungs of Neonatal Chicks That Correlates with the Protective Immunity againstEscherichia coli
Authors: Gunawardana Thushari , Ahmed Khawaja Ashfaque , Goonewardene Kalhari , Popowich Shelly , Kurukulasuriya Shanika , Karunarathana Ruwani , Ayalew Lisanework E. , Gupta Ashish , Lockerbie Betty , Foldvari Marianna , Tikoo Suresh K. , Willson Philip , Gomis Susantha 
Published: January 2020

Immunoprotective function of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) has been demonstrated in neonatal chickens against common bacterial pathogens such asE.coliandSalmonellasp. Our recent study reported that CpG-ODN administration enriches immune compartments in neonatal chicks. However, a causal relationship between CpG-ODN-induced immune enrichment and protective mechanisms remains unestablished. In this study, we investigatedin ovoadministered CpG-ODN-mediated immune cell recruitment in the immunological niches in lymphoid (spleen) and nonlymphoid (lungs) organs using various doses of CpG-ODN and examined whether the immunological profiles have any correlation with immunoprotection againstE.coliinfection. Eighteen-day-old embryonated eggs were injected with either 5, 10, 25, and 50 μg of CpG-ODN or saline (n=~40per group). On the day of hatch (72 hr after CpG-ODN treatment), we collected the spleen and lungs (n=3‐4per group) and examined the recruitment of macrophages/monocytes, their expression of MHCII and CD40, and the number of CD4+and CD8+T-cell subsets in the immunological niches in the spleen and lungs using flow cytometry. We observed the dose-dependent recruitment of immune cells, wherein 25 μg and 50 μg of CpG-ODN induced significant enrichment of immunological niches in both the spleen and the lungs. Four days after the CpG-ODN treatment (1-day after hatch), chicks were challenged with a virulent strain ofE. coli(1×104or1×105 cfu, subcutaneously). Clinical outcome and mortality were monitored for 8 days postchallenge. We found that both 25 μg and 50 μg of CpG-ODN provided significant protection and reduced clinical scores compared to saline controls againstE. coliinfection. Overall, the present study revealed that CpG-ODNs orchestrate immunological niches in neonatal chickens in a dose-dependent manner that resulted in differential protection againstE. coliinfection, thus supporting a cause and effect relationship between CpG-ODN-induced immune enrichment and the antibacterial immunity.
Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Is Induced to Increase Proton Production
Authors: Sun Huiyan , Zhou Yi , Skaro Michael Francis , Wu Yiran , Qu Zexing , Mao Fenglou , Zhao Suwen , Xu Ying 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Considerable metabolic reprogramming has been observed in a conserved manner across multiple cancer types, but their true causes remain elusive. We present an analysis of around 50 such reprogrammed metabolisms (RM) including the Warburg effect, nucleotide de novo synthesis, and sialic acid biosynthesis in cancer. Analyses of the biochemical reactions conducted by these RMs, coupled with gene expression data of their catalyzing enzymes, in 7,011 tissues of 14 cancer types, revealed that all RMs produce more H+ than their original metabolisms. These data strongly support a model that these RMs are induced or selected to neutralize a persistent intracellular alkaline stress due to chronic inflammation and local iron overload. To sustain these RMs for survival, cells must find metabolic exits for the nonproton products of these RMs in a continuous manner, some of which pose major challenges, such as nucleotides and sialic acids, because they are electrically charged. This analysis strongly suggests that continuous cell division and other cancerous behaviors are ways for the affected cells to remove such products in a timely and sustained manner. As supporting evidence, this model can offer simple and natural explanations to a range of long-standing open questions in cancer research including the cause of the Warburg effect.

Significance:
Inhibiting acidifying metabolic reprogramming could be a novel strategy for treating cancer.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy-Number Variation and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the Prospective EPIC Cohort
Authors: Gentiluomo Manuel , Katzke Verena A. , Kaaks Rudolf , Tjønneland Anne , Severi Gianluca , Perduca Vittorio , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Weiderpass Elisabete , Ferrari Pietro , Johnson Theron , Schulze Matthias B. , Bergmann Manuela , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , La Vecchia Carlo , Palli Domenico , Grioni Sara , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Vermeulen Roel , Sandanger Torkjel M. , Quirós J. Ramón , Rodriguez-Barranco Miguel , Amiano Pilar , Colorado-Yohar Sandra , Ardanaz Eva , Sund Malin , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas J. , Schmidt Julie A. , Jakszyn Paula , Morelli Luca , Canzian Federico , Campa Daniele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral blood has been found to be associated with risk of developing several cancers. However, data on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are very limited.

Methods:
To further our knowledge on this topic, we measured relative mtDNA copy number by a quantitative real-time PCR assay in peripheral leukocyte samples of 476 PDAC cases and 357 controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.

Results:
We observed lower mtDNA copy number with advancing age (P = 6.54 × 10−5) and with a high body mass index (BMI) level (P = 0.004) and no association with sex, smoking behavior, and alcohol consumption. We found an association between increased mtDNA copy number and decreased risk of developing PDAC with an odds ratios (OR) of 0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16–0.79; P = 0.01] when comparing the fifth quintile with the first using an unconditional logistic regression and an OR of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.07–0.52; P = 0.001) with a conditional analysis. Analyses stratified by BMI showed an association between high mtDNA copy number and decreased risk in the stratum of normal weight, consistent with the main analyses.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest a protective effect of a higher number of mitochondria, measured in peripheral blood leukocytes, on PDAC risk.

Impact:
Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the mitochondrial biology in pancreatic cancer.
Renewable energies evaluation and linking to smart grid
Authors: Yassine Benouaz Idriss , Boumediene Allaoua 
Published: January 2020

To tackle the widespread challenges encountered during the management of power flow in electrical networks, the integration of smart grid (S.G) is proposed as a viable solution to address the environmental and economic concerns. In order to enhance overall functionality of the electric power delivery system, operation of the smart grid is governed by data-driven algorithms where various sensors and smart meters are used to collect this data. On other hand, the fluctuating cost of fossil fuels and its negative impact on the environnement has incentivized the exploitation of renewable energies in the smart grid. In the present paper, a hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind (PV/Wind) is suggested to supply a smart grid. The objective of this study is to asses the feasibility of a smart grid supplied solely by renewable energy sources. Conceptual standings of this newly suggested model are validated by simulations.
Dimensões da autoria e do estilo na ficção seriada televisiva
Authors: Picado Benjamim , Jacob de Souza Maria Carmem 
Published: January 2020

Estabelecemos uma reflexão sobre o estilo como categoria heurística da análise da autoria nos formatos seriados de ficção televisiva: tal uso vincula essa categoria às dinâmicas sociais de atribuição autoral, uma vez reconhecidas as instâncias de tomada de decisão em processos criativos e o funcionamento textual de tais obras. Avançamos assim a hipótese da conjunção de questões de método vindas de duas fontes, a saber: a observância a processos sociais da autoria (na definição de agentes responsáveis e das dinâmicas sociais de reconhecimento) e aquelas que se associam às gramáticas textuais dos formatos seriados (na escritura dramatúrgica e nos princípios da encenação audiovisual).
(Princípios da encenação audiovisual).
Deficiency of Circulating Monocytes Ameliorates the Progression of Myxomatous Valve Degeneration in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Kim Andrew J. , Xu Na , Umeyama Kazuhiro , Hulin Alexia , Ponny Sithara Raju , Vagnozzi Ronald J. , Green Ellis A. , Hanson Paul , McManus Bruce M. , Nagashima Hiroshi , Yutzey Katherine E. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Myxomatous valve degeneration (MVD) involves the progressive thickening and degeneration of the heart valves, leading to valve prolapse, regurgitant blood flow, and impaired cardiac function. Leukocytes composed primarily of macrophages have recently been detected in myxomatous valves, but the timing of the presence and the contributions of these cells in MVD progression are not known.

Methods:

We examined MVD progression, macrophages, and the valve microenvironment in the context of Marfan syndrome (MFS) using mitral valves from MFS mice (
Fbn1

C1039G/+

), gene-edited MFS pigs (
FBN1

Glu433AsnfsX98/+

), and patients with MFS. Additional histological and transcriptomic evaluation was performed by using nonsyndromic human and canine myxomatous valves, respectively. Macrophage ontogeny was determined using MFS mice transplanted with mTomato+ bone marrow or MFS mice harboring RFP (red fluorescent protein)–tagged C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) monocytes. Mice deficient in recruited macrophages (
Fbn1

C1039G/+

;Ccr2

RFP/RFP

) were generated to determine the requirements of recruited macrophages to MVD progression.

Results:
MFS mice recapitulated histopathological features of myxomatous valve disease by 2 months of age, including mitral valve thickening, increased leaflet cellularity, and extracellular matrix abnormalities characterized by proteoglycan accumulation and collagen fragmentation. Diseased mitral valves of MFS mice concurrently exhibited a marked increase of infiltrating (MHCII+, CCR2+) and resident macrophages (CD206+, CCR2–), along with increased chemokine activity and inflammatory extracellular matrix modification. Likewise, mitral valve specimens obtained from gene-edited MFS pigs and human patients with MFS exhibited increased monocytes and macrophages (CD14+, CD64+, CD68+, CD163+) detected by immunofluorescence. In addition, comparative transcriptomic evaluation of both genetic (MFS mice) and acquired forms of MVD (humans and dogs) unveiled a shared upregulated inflammatory response in diseased valves. Remarkably, the deficiency of monocytes was protective against MVD progression, resulting in a significant reduction of MHCII macrophages, minimal leaflet thickening, and preserved mitral valve integrity.

Conclusions:
All together, our results suggest sterile inflammation as a novel paradigm to disease progression, and we identify, for the first time, monocytes as a viable candidate for targeted therapy in MVD.
Variability of Daily Maximum Wind Speed across China, 1975–2016: An Examination of Likely Causes
Authors: Zhang Gangfeng , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Chen Deliang , Guijarro Jose A. , Kong Feng , Minola Lorenzo , McVicar Tim R. , Son Seok-Woo , Shi Peijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAssessing change in daily maximum wind speed and its likely causes is crucial for many applications such as wind power generation and wind disaster risk governance. Multidecadal variability of observed near-surface daily maximum wind speed (DMWS) from 778 stations over China is analyzed for 1975–2016. A robust homogenization protocol using the R package Climatol was applied to the DMWS observations. The homogenized dataset displayed a significant (p < 0.05) declining trend of −0.038 m s−1 decade−1 for all China annually, with decreases in winter (−0.355 m s−1 decade−1, p < 0.05) and autumn (−0.108 m s−1 decade−1; p < 0.05) and increases in summer (+0.272 m s−1 decade−1, p < 0.05) along with a weak recovery in spring (+0.032 m s−1 decade−1; p > 0.10); that is, DMWS declined during the cold semester (October–March) and increased during the warm semester (April–September). Correlation analysis of the Arctic Oscillation, the Southern Oscillation, and the west Pacific modes exhibited significant correlation with DMWS variability, unveiling their complementarity in modulating DMWS. Further, we explored potential physical processes relating to the atmospheric circulation changes and their impacts on DMWS and found that 1) overall weakened horizontal airflow [large-scale mean horizontal pressure gradient (from −0.24 to +0.02 hPa decade−1) and geostrophic wind speed (from −0.6 to +0.6 m s−1 decade−1)], 2) widely decreased atmospheric vertical momentum transport [atmospheric stratification thermal instability (from −3 to +1.5 decade−1) and vertical wind shear (from −0.4 to +0.2 m s−1 decade−1)], and 3) decreased extratropical cyclones frequency (from −0.3 to 0 month decade−1) are likely causes of DMWS change.
Characteristics of Ice Cloud–Precipitation of Warm Season Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Great Plains
Authors: Tian Jingjing , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Feng Zhe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are tracked using high-resolution radar and satellite observations over the U.S. Great Plains during April–August from 2010 to 2012. The spatiotemporal variability of MCS precipitation is then characterized using the Stage IV product. We found that the spatial variability and nocturnal peaks of MCS precipitation are primarily driven by the MCS occurrence rather than the precipitation intensity. The tracked MCSs are further classified into convective core (CC), stratiform rain (SR), and anvil clouds regions. The spatial variability and diurnal cycle of precipitation in the SR regions of MCSs are not as significant as those of MCS precipitation. In the SR regions, the high-resolution, long-term ice cloud microphysical properties [ice water content (IWC) and ice water paths (IWPs)] are provided. The IWCs generally decrease with height. Spatially, the IWC, IWP, and precipitation are all higher over the southern Great Plains than over the northern Great Plains. Seasonally, those ice and precipitation properties are all higher in summer than in spring. Comparing the peak timings of MCS precipitation and IWPs from the diurnal cycles and their composite evolutions, it is found that when using the peak timing of IWPSR as a reference, the heaviest precipitation in the MCS convective core occurs earlier, while the strongest SR precipitation occurs later. The shift of peak timings could be explained by the stratiform precipitation formation process. The IWP and precipitation relationships are different at MCS genesis, mature, and decay stages. The relationships and the transition processes from ice particles to precipitation also depend on the low-level humidity.
Importance of Diurnal Forcing on the Summer Salinity Variability in the East China Sea
Authors: Yu Yang , Chen Shu-Hua , Tseng Yu-Heng , Guo Xinyu , Shi Jie , Liu Guangliang , Zhang Chao , Xu Yi , Gao Huiwang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe impacts of diurnal atmospheric forcing on the summer salinity change in the East China Sea are investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System, forced by the hourly and daily reanalysis of wind and insolation. The differences between the forcing of these two frequencies reveal a dipole pattern of salinity change with a positive salinity deviation (1–2 psu) offshore of the Yangtze River estuary, and a negative deviation (from −1 to −0.5 psu) along the Jiangsu Coast. Further dye tracking experiments confirm that diurnal forcing strengthened the northwestward longshore freshwater transport (NLFT) of the Yangtze River by 5.2 × 109m3and reduced the mean water age of 7 days. Sensitivity experiments using different forcing combinations suggest that the diurnal wind, that is, the land–sea breeze, is the key to developing the dipole pattern of salinity change and the NLFT. Through the experiment, the land–sea breeze induced a mean clockwise circulation offshore of the Yangtze River estuary. The above changes resulted from both the nonlinearity of wind stress averaging (i.e., the square nature of wind stress) and the baroclinic adjustment related to the diurnal salinity variation, which is directly connected to the diurnal swing of the Yangtze River front. The baroclinic adjustment generated a dipole pattern of vorticity changes offshore of the Yangtze River estuary and a coherent northwestward jet current strengthening the NLFT. These processes developed the summer dipole pattern of the salinity change.
Temperature–Color Interaction: Subjective Indoor Environmental Perception and Physiological Responses in Virtual Reality
Authors: Chinazzo Giorgia , Chamilothori Kynthia , Wienold Jan , Andersen Marilyne 
Published: January 2020

Objective Temperature–color interaction effects on subjective perception and physiological responses are investigated using a novel hybrid experimental method combining thermal and visual stimuli from real and virtual reality (VR) environments, respectively. Background Despite potential building design applications, studies combining temperature with daylight transmitted through colored glazing are limited due to hard-to-control light conditions. VR is identified as a promising experimental tool for such investigations that overcomes the limitations of experiments using daylight. Method Fifty-seven people participated in an experiment combining three colored glazing (orange/blue/neutral) and two temperatures (24°C/29°C). Exposed to one color–temperature combination, participants evaluated their thermal, visual, and overall perception, whereas their physiological responses (heart rate, skin conductance, and skin temperature) were continuously measured. Results Daylight color significantly affected thermal perception, whereas no significant effects of temperature on visual perception were found. Acceptability of the workspace was affected by both color and temperature. Cross-modal effects from either daylight color or temperature levels on physiological responses were not observed. Conclusion In the VR setting, the orange daylight led to warmer thermal perception in (close-to-) comfortable temperatures, resulting in a color-induced thermal perception and indicating that orange glazing should be used with caution in a slightly warm environment. Application Findings can be applied to the design of buildings using new glazing technologies with saturated colors, such as transparent photovoltaics. Despite some limitations, the hybrid environment is suggested as a promising experimental tool for future studies on indoor factor interactions.