bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White pottery production in the Middle Meuse valley: sustainability of clay resources during the early Middle Ages
Authors: Van Wersch Line , de Longueville Sylvie , Dussubieux Laure , Fagel Nathalie , Hatert Frédéric , Degryse Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study of white pottery from the Merovingian and Carolingian periods traces the use of white clay resources in the Middle Meuse valley at the beginning of the Middle Ages. The petrographic study of 56 sherds, the chemical analysis of 40 samples, and XRD study of 12 of them coming from 4 sites reach the changes of the process between the two time periods, characterize the production of three Carolingian workshops, and consider the material supply in the mechanism of potters’ settlement. It appears that, between the Antiquity and the Modern period, the white kaolinitic material has always been exploited. The main technical changes between the Merovingian and the Carolingian periods are related to the specific selection of these clays that allow to produce white pottery and cooking wares with few inclusions. The Carolingian workshops used the material available in their environment that can be differentiated by chemistry and mineralogy. Finally, it appears that the selection of this particular type of clay also oriented the choice of the place where the potters settled or at least the longevity of some of the workshops.
Closed-Loop Recycling of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Using Bioleaching and Electrowinning Processes
Authors: Baniasadi Mahsa , Graves John E. , Ray Daniel A. , De Silva Angélique Lindamulage , Renshaw Derek , Farnaud Sebastien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a model of closed-loop recycling of copper from PCBs is demonstrated, which involves the sequential application of bioleaching and electrowinning to selectively extract copper. This approach is proposed as part of the solution to resolve the challenging ever-increasing accumulation of electronic waste, e-waste, in the environment. This work is targeting copper, the most abundant metal in e-waste that represents up to 20% by weight of printed circuit boards (PCBs). In the first stage, bioleaching was tested for different pulp densities (0.25–1.00% w/v) and successfully used to extract multiple metals from PCBs using the acidophilic bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. In the second stage, the method focused on the recovery of copper from the bioleachate by electrowinning. Metallic copper foils were formed, and the results demonstrated that 75.8% of copper available in PCBs had been recovered as a high quality copper foil, with 99 + % purity, as determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. This model of copper extraction, combining bioleaching and electrowinning, demonstrates a closed-loop method of recycling that illustrates the application of bioleaching in the circular economy. The copper foils have the potential to be reused, to form new, high value copper clad laminate for the production of complex printed circuit boards for the electronics manufacturing industry.
Graphic Abstract
Tuning the chemistry of seawater with activated clay: an application in SmartWater enrichment for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Adewole Jimoh K. , Kazeem Taye S. , Oyehan Tajudeen A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudies on the interaction between crude oil, brine, and rock systems showed that the composition of water injected into the oil reservoir influences the amount of oil recovered from such a reservoir. Therefore, researchers are now emphasizing the use of SmartWater for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this research, the capability of activated clay to be used for tuning the chemistry of seawater for subsequent production of SmartWater was investigated. Filter cakes were formed using bentonite and its blends with raw clay and activated clay (which was produced in-house using locally obtained clay samples). The capability of the cakes to control the transport properties of permeating seawater was evaluated in terms of ion rejection. The average rejection for the raw clay cake for Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ is 4.45, 49.64, 53.33, and 94.43%, respectively. The rejection results for the mixed-matrix cake containing the activated clay were 6.38, 51.34, 86.19, and 78.09 for Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+, respectively. It was observed that the selectivity of the filter cake for Mg2+ and Ca2+ was reversed due to the addition of the activated clay. Thus, activated clay possesses some potentials for SmartWater production for an EOR application.
Modified Vogel’s approximation method for transportation problem under uncertain environment
Authors: Pratihar Jayanta , Kumar Ranjan , Edalatpanah S. A. , Dey Arindam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fuzzy transportation problem is a very popular, well-known optimization problem in the area of fuzzy set and system. In most of the cases, researchers use type 1 fuzzy set as the cost of the transportation problem. Type 1 fuzzy number is unable to handle the uncertainty due to the description of human perception. Interval type 2 fuzzy set is an extended version of type 1 fuzzy set which can handle this ambiguity. In this paper, the interval type 2 fuzzy set is used in a fuzzy transportation problem to represent the transportation cost, demand, and supply. We define this transportation problem as interval type 2 fuzzy transportation problems. The utility of this type of fuzzy set as costs in transportation problem and its application in different real-world scenarios are described in this paper. Here, we have modified the classical Vogel’s approximation method for solved this fuzzy transportation problem. To the best of our information, there exists no algorithm based on Vogel’s approximation method in the literature for fuzzy transportation problem with interval type 2 fuzzy set as transportation cost, demand, and supply. We have used two Numerical examples to describe the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
A Simple Rate–Temperature Dependent Hyperelastic Model Applied to Neoprene Rubber
Authors: Trivedi A. R. , Siviour C. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRubber is widely used in engineering applications in which it may be subjected to impact loading leading to high strain rate deformation. This resulting deformation may occur at a variety of temperatures, notwithstanding the self-heating of the material. For this reason, it is necessary to study the mechanical behaviour of these materials over a range of loading conditions. The strong rate and temperature dependence of their properties provides a further motivation for this understanding. In this paper, the relationships between the response of a neoprene rubber at various strain rates and temperatures are investigated, and a simple model making use of the time–temperature superposition (TTS) principle proposed to describe the material behaviour. As it is challenging to obtain high rate data on rubbery materials using conventional apparatus, such as the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), the simple two parameter hyperelastic model proposed here provides a useful complementary tool to interrogate the response.
Generating functions of planar polygons from homological mirror symmetry of elliptic curves
Authors: Bringmann Kathrin , Kaszian Jonas , Zhou Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study generating functions of certain shapes of planar polygons arising from homological mirror symmetry of elliptic curves. We express these generating functions in terms of rational functions of the Jacobi theta function and Zwegers’ mock theta function and determine their (mock) Jacobi properties. We also analyze their special values and singularities, which are of geometric interest as well.
Antarctic subglacial drilling rig: Part I. General concept and drilling shelter structure
Authors: Talalay Pavel , Sun Youhong , Fan Xiaopeng , Zhang Nan , Cao Pinlu , Wang Rusheng , Markov Alexey , Li Xingchen , Yang Yang , Sysoev Mikhail , Liu Yongwen , Liu Yunchen , Wu Wei , Gong Da 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrilling to the bedrock of ice sheets and glaciers offers unique opportunities for examining the processes occurring in the bed. Basal and subglacial materials contain important paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental records and provide a unique habitat for life; they offer significant information regarding the sediment deformation beneath glaciers and its effects on the subglacial hydraulic system and geology. The newly developed and tested Antarctic subglacial drilling rig (ASDR) is designed to recover ice and bedrock core samples from depths of up to 1400 m. All of the drilling equipment is installed inside a movable, sledge-mounted, temperature-controlled and wind-protected drilling shelter and workshop. To facilitate helicopter unloading of the research vessel, the shelter and workshop can be disassembled, with individual parts weighing <2–3 tons. The entire ASDR system weighs ~55 tons, including transport packaging. The ASDR is designed to be transported to the chosen site via snow vehicles and would be ready for drilling operations within 2–3 d after arrival. The ASDR was tested during the 2018–2019 summer season near Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica. At the test site, 2-week drilling operations resulted in a borehole that reached bedrock at a depth of 198 m.
Use of conditional cash transfers for addressing gender-based inequalities in health and education among children: studying the impact of the Shubh Laxmi scheme in Rajasthan, India
Authors: PRASAD RAJNISH RANJAN , SANTHANAM DIVYA 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the last few decades, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have become very popular for addressing different development challenges. The use of CCT programmes to promote enrolment in schools, improve preventive health care and increase household consumption in Latin America has been well documented. However, the potential of CCT programmes to change more deep-rooted norms is not very clear. The Shubh Laxmi scheme, a CCT programme, was started by the Government of Rajasthan, India, to improve the status of health and education among girls. A study was undertaken to understand the changes in beneficiaries’ perspectives due to scheme. A total of 95 beneficiaries were randomly selected and in-depth interviews were conducted in order to understand the impact of the scheme. In addition, two focus group discussions were conducted with 30 non-beneficiaries in order to understand their awareness about the scheme and their perceptions of girls. The findings show that the CCT programme has helped in generating a positive attitude among beneficiaries towards the survival, education and well-being of girls. The key challenge was low awareness of the scheme and of the procedures for claiming its benefits. This study highlights that CCT programmes are useful for nudging people to address gender-based inequalities in health and education among children; however, effective implementation remains key.
Right brain to right brain therapy: how tactile, expressive arts therapy emulates attachment
Authors: Urquhart Melissa , Gardner Fiona , Frederico Margarita , Sanders Rachael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe impact of a manipulative art therapy technique combined with an attuned therapeutic relationship which aims to replicate the experience of nurturing touch in infancy is explored in this paper. The current literature will be reviewed in relation to the interface between attachment-related trauma and the use of expressive art and play therapy in the context of relevant clinical experience. Specific experiences of clinical practice with children and associated therapeutic outcomes are used to illustrate the potential of this combination. In addition, we argue for further investigation of therapeutic benefits inherent in manipulative art and play in replication of the regulating role of touch with children who have experienced early relational trauma.
Knowledge and confidence of clinicians in Irish CAMHS when working with transgender youth; and the factors clinicians report will assist them in this work
Authors: Hodgins Sinéad , Byrne Triona , Spies Marelise , Madigan Kevin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectives:The Health Service Executive (HSE) Quality Improvement Division (2016) report states that young people who identify as transgender are one of the highest risk groups for suicidal ideation, self-harm, and completed suicides and may require significant input in Irish Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). This research represents the first exploration of CAMHS staff’s capacity within an Irish mental health service to support transgender youth by considering their knowledge about and confidence in working with these youth.Method:A multi-method design was used to evaluate the knowledge and confidence levels of CAMHS clinicians in supporting transgender youth and to identify what factors would enable them to conduct this work. A questionnaire and a survey about supporting transgender youth were distributed to all clinicians in five Irish-based CAMHS services (N = 71), using an online platform. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six clinicians. Quantitative, content, and thematic analyses were performed.Results:CAMHS staff reported limited knowledge and experience about supporting transgender youth. Findings indicated that both of these factors undermined their confidence in supporting these youths. Clinicians expressed a need for additional clinical education delivered through expert consultation, presentations, and learning from ‘experts by experience’.Conclusion:CAMHS clinicians need and want further clinical education about supporting transgender youth and their families. Recommendations are made for enhancing the knowledge, confidence, and competence of CAMHS clinicians using methods identified as acceptable by clinicians, in order to best support these youths.
Applications of Ceemdan in Dynamic Behavior of Defected Spur Gearbox Running Under Acyclism Regime
Authors: Hammami A. , Hmida A. , Khabou M. T. , Chaari F. , Haddar M. , Felkaoui A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTEmpirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and its approaches are powerful techniques in signal processing especially for the diagnosis of rotating machinery running in non-stationary regime. We are interested in this paper to the dynamic behavior of a defected one stage gearbox equipped with an elastic coupling and loaded under acyclism regime generated by a combustion engine. Actually, we adopt an approach to the EMD method called Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) as a technique to perform the diagnosis of the studied system. Since the obtained signals are modulated, all obtained Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) are modulated and are processed and shown by the Wigner-Ville distributions (WVD) as well as the spectrum of their envelope in order to detect defects such as cracked tooth defect in the wheel of the spur gearbox and eccentricity defect in the gear.
Experimental and Modeling Analysis of the Cell-Wall Fracture of Nannochloropsis Oculata
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsuan , Chien Yin-Hsuan , Tsai Hung-Yin 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn this study, a spherical indenter mounted on an atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to compress a Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) cell on a poly-l-lysine coated slide. A mathematical model of the cell, which was derived by considering a fluid-filled spherical shell with axisymmetric compression between a sphere and an infinite flat plate, is proposed. In the construction of this mathematical model, the spherical shell was assumed to be a homogenous, isotropic, and elastic material. Thin-film theory was applicable to the spherical shell because the thickness of the shell was nearly negligible compared with its diameter. The governing equations of the contact and noncontact regions were converted from a boundary condition problem to an initial value problem. Then, the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method was applied to solve the transformed governing equations. The force curve obtained from the compression experiment was compared with the theoretical results derived from the proposed model. Furthermore, the numerical solution of the proposed model was verified to be consistent with the experimental data. The mechanical properties of cell walls were confirmed by applying the least square error method. Subsequently, the contact radius, inner pressure and tension distribution of the cell wall could be determined using the proposed model. The models proposed in other studies are suitable for analyzing the compression characteristics of cells whose size is of the order of tens of micrometers and millimeters. By contrast, the model proposed in this study can analyze the compression characteristics of N. oculata, which is only a few micrometers in diameter. Furthermore, a force curve that accurately describes the deformation behavior of N. oculata under strain levels of 25% was established.
Territorial Inequality in Health Service Delivery: Lessons from Latin America’s Federations
Authors: Giraudy Agustina , Pribble Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAccess to quality healthcare varies across the national territory inside Latin American countries, with some subnational units enjoying higher-quality care than others. Such territorial inequality is consequential, as residents of particular regions face shorter life spans and an increased risk of preventable disease. This article analyzes trajectories of territorial healthcare inequality across time in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The data reveal a large decline in Brazil, a moderate decline in Mexico, and low levels of change followed by a moderate decline in Argentina. The article argues that two factors account for these distinct trajectories: the nature of the coalition that pushed health decentralization forward and the existence of mechanisms for central government oversight and management.
Subordinated Autonomy and the Political Inclusion of Women in Indigenous Mexico
Authors: Cleary Matthew R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article explores the tension between multicultural legal reforms and the liberal state-building project in present-day Mexico. Specifically, it traces the process by which the Mexican state challenged and eventually forced changes to customary restrictions on women in public life in some indigenous communities in the southern state of Oaxaca. The study argues that the act of formalizing autonomy for indigenous communities, in the context of Mexico’s homogenizing neoliberal state, had the unanticipated effect of exposing exclusionary practices to state scrutiny, which eventually forced those communities to recognize women’s political rights. Thus the effort to protect indigenous practices facilitated the territorial and juridical expansion of the Mexican state into formerly autonomous areas of the countryside.
Place-Sensitive Policies in the Provision of Subnational Public Goods in Colombia
Authors: Otero-Bahamón Silvia 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWhat causes stark differences in living standards between subnational units? What can countries do to lessen such variations? This article argues that there is an aspect of national policy frameworks that impacts subnational provision of social services: the sensitivity of policy to the particularities of place. Place-sensitive policies make adaptations to the way social services are organized and provided across a country, so that they are better equipped to deal with the different characteristics of places and better support their well-being. When policies are place-sensitive, subnational provision is facilitated in poor, rural, and marginal locations in a country. In contrast, place-blind policies employ a one-size-fits-all approach that excludes people in vulnerable areas and aggravates inequalities in social service provision and social outcomes. By studying the Colombian case, this article demonstrates that a key placeblind feature of its healthcare model disproportionately affects small localities.
The Subnational Indigenous Quota in Peru: The Paradoxes of Political Representation
Authors: Paredes Maritza , Došek Tomáš 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to explain the territorial variation in indigenous political representation at the subnational level in Peru. The Peruvian state introduced a weak indigenous electoral quota, and its effects have varied across provinces. This article presents a typology that combines descriptive and substantive dimensions of political representation. Using a subnational comparative method, the four cases studied illustrate distinct dynamics. The article argues that these differing dynamics are explained by a combination of sociostructural variables (i.e., political articulation and cohesion of indigenous organizations as a result of a conflict) and individual variables (i.e., candidates’ political capital). This article demonstrates how, even in an institutionally adverse environment that does not feature ethnic parties, both descriptive and substantive indigenous political representation can be achieved, and that these two dimensions are not necessarily related. The article is based on fieldwork and interviews with key provincial political actors.
The Ethical Substance of Salvation
Authors: Becker Elisabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMateriality has been largely left out of the study of Muslim life in Europe, and limited to an etic rather than emic approach. In this paper, I analyse a conservative London mosque community (the East London Mosque) that depends on the material––what I term “ethical substance”––to reinforce its ascetic rejection of the world. Drawing from five months of ethnographic research in this mosque, I examine three aspects of materiality––clothing, the mosque building, and technology––in order to explore how the community negotiates its position in the city at hand, as well as more broadly vis-à-vis modernity. The mosque emerges as a site of discursive-material tension where ethics and locale intersect, and where intention (niyya) matters more than the constitution of objects. It elucidates European modernity as broader than liberal democratic ideals (i.e. in a community stressing a returns towards, rather than away from, tradition).
A New Zealand green-lipped mussel oil-enriched high-fat diet exhibits beneficial effects on body weight and metabolism in mice
Authors: Loehfelm Aline , Rizwan Mohammed Z. , Tups Alexander 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo induce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents, diets high in saturated fat and/or carbohydrates are commonly used. In the laboratory, standardised diets evolved over time without paying particular attention to the effect of fat composition on metabolic alterations. In the present study, customised high-fat diets (HFD) enriched with a combination of lard and different concentrations of New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) oil or MSC Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae, blue grenadier) liver oil, important sources of n-3 PUFA, in comparison with a solely lard-based diet, were fed to lean and DIO male C57BL/6 mice and their effects on metabolic parameters were monitored. Intriguingly, an isoenergetic HFD containing 63 % of total fat in the form of mussel oil and only 28 % in the form of lard attenuated HFD-induced body weight gain after 1 and 4 weeks, respectively. Consistently, changing a lard-enriched HFD to the mussel oil diet reduced body weight markedly even after mice had been exposed to the former diet for 10 months. The weight-reducing effect of the diet was not caused by altered energy intake or expenditure, but was associated with reduced visceral fat mass. Collectively, these data suggest a novel weight-reducing potential of green-lipped mussel oil.