bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Umbre Orthobunyavirus as a Novel Zoonotic Virus Responsible for Lethal Encephalitis in 2 French Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Pérot Philippe , Bielle Franck , Bigot Thomas , Foulongne Vincent , Bolloré Karine , Chrétien Delphine , Gil Patricia , Gutiérrez Serafín , L’Ambert Grégory , Mokhtari Karima , Hellert Jan , Flamand Marie , Tamietti Carole , Coulpier Muriel , Huard de Verneuil Anne , Temmam Sarah , Couderc Thérèse , De Sousa Cunha Edouard , Boluda Susana , Plu Isabelle , Delisle Marie Bernadette , Bonneville Fabrice , Brassat David , Fieschi Claire , Malphettes Marion , Duyckaerts Charles , Mathon Bertrand , Demeret Sophie , Seilhean Danielle , Eloit Marc 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Human encephalitis represents a medical challenge from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. We investigated the cause of 2 fatal cases of encephalitis of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients.

Methods
Untargeted metatranscriptomics was applied on the brain tissue of 2 patients to search for pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or protozoans) without a prior hypothesis.

Results
Umbre arbovirus, an orthobunyavirus never previously identified in humans, was found in 2 patients. In situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that Umbre virus infected neurons and replicated at high titers. The virus was not detected in cerebrospinal fluid by RT-qPCR. Viral sequences related to Koongol virus, another orthobunyavirus close to Umbre virus, were found in Culex pipiens mosquitoes captured in the south of France where the patients had spent some time before the onset of symptoms, demonstrating the presence of the same clade of arboviruses in Europe and their potential public health impact. A serological survey conducted in the same area did not identify individuals positive for Umbre virus. The absence of seropositivity in the population may not reflect the actual risk of disease transmission in immunocompromised individuals.

Conclusions
Umbre arbovirus can cause encephalitis in immunocompromised humans and is present in Europe.
Bipolar Rivalry in the Early Digital Age
Authors: Xuetong Yan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The year 2019 saw the curtain rise on a US–China bipolar rivalry quite different from the Cold War US–Soviet bipolarity. The fundamental difference between the current bipolar rivalry and that during the Cold War is that ideology is no longer the main engine driving international competition, but rather the new digital dimension of strategic competition that is emerging between the United States and China. Technological advancement over the past 15 years has led world history’s entry into the early digital age. The development of digital technology has created new ways of protecting national security, of accumulating national wealth, and of obtaining international support. Cybersecurity is becoming the core of national security and the share of digital economy in major powers’ gross domestic product dramatically increases. For the leading powers, strategic competition in cyberspace in this early digital age outstrips to a crucial extent that within physical geographic boundaries. This article observes that Cold War mentality and digital mentality will have mixed impact on foreign policy-making in the digital age, and that interactions between the nations whose foreign policy is simultaneously influenced by both mentalities will shape the emerging international order into one of uneasy peace, where there is no direct war and few proxy wars. It will rather be a scenario reflecting the dark side of globalization and downside of global governance, evident in the violation of agreements, double dealing, cyber-attacks, and technology decoupling between states. Although further digital advancement will indeed change international politics in ever more aspects, US–China bipolar configuration will nevertheless remain in place for at least for two decades, or perhaps longer.
A tale of two islands: evidence for impaired stress response and altered immune functions in an insular pit viper following ecological disturbance
Authors: Sandfoss Mark R , Claunch Natalie M , Stacy Nicole I , Romagosa Christina M , Lillywhite Harvey B 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe frequency and intensity of ecological perturbations affecting wild animal populations is expected to increase in the future with animals facing numerous global threats. Seahorse Key is a continental island off mainland Florida that has historically been a major rookery for several species of waterbirds. As a result of an unknown disturbance, the entire rookery abandoned Seahorse Key in April 2015 and shifted nesting activities to nearby Snake Key, resulting in an influx of food resources in the form of fish carrion to resident Florida cottonmouth snakes (Agkistrodon conanti), while snakes on Seahorse Key experienced a drastic reduction in food resources. Our objective was to assess plasma corticosterone concentrations, corticosterone negative feedback using dexamethasone, blood glucose, body condition, packed cell volume, natural antibody agglutination, white blood cell counts and ratios and erythrocyte sedimentation rate to characterize the long-term effects of differential resource availability in these two snake populations 3 years after this major ecological disturbance. We collected blood samples at three time points from cottonmouths on Seahorse Key (n = 6 individuals) and Snake Key (n = 13 individuals) in fall 2018. In due consideration of the small sample size, our study shows evidence that 3 years after the shift in waterbird nesting Seahorse Key cottonmouths exhibit a dampened acute stress response and presumptive impaired innate immune functions relative to cottonmouths on Snake Key. These results highlight the context-dependent nature of biomarkers and implicate the significant decrease in food resources on Seahorse Key in altering hormonal stress responses and innate immune functions, possibly leading to unknown long-term downstream effects. This study assessed the response of a wild population of pit viper to ecological disturbance in situ with the aim to improve our understanding of how animals cope with such perturbations and improve our capacity to make informed decisions for conservation.
Regulation of Janus Kinase 2 by an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Causal Non-coding Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
Authors: Cardinale Christopher J , March Michael E , Lin Xiang , Liu Yichuan , Spruce Lynn A , Bradfield Jonathan P , Wei Zhi , Seeholzer Steven H , Grant Struan F A , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Among the &gt;240 genetic loci described to date which confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease, a small subset have been fine-mapped to an individual, non-coding single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]. To illustrate a model mechanism by which a presumed-causal non-coding SNP can function, we analysed rs1887428, located in the promoter region of the Janus kinase 2 [JAK2] gene.

Methods
We utilized comparative affinity purification-mass spectrometry, DNA–protein binding assays, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, transcriptome sequencing and methylome quantitative trait locus methods to characterize the role of this SNP.

Results
We determined that the risk allele of rs1887428 is bound by the transcription factor [TF] RBPJ, while the protective allele is bound by the homeobox TF CUX1. While rs188748 only has a very modest influence on JAK2 expression, this effect was amplified downstream through the expression of pathway member STAT5B and epigenetic modification of the JAK2 locus.

Conclusion
Despite the absence of a consensus TF-binding motif or expression quantitative trait locus, we have used improved methods to characterize a putatively causal SNP to yield insight into inflammatory bowel disease mechanisms.

Podcast
This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast
Water Loss and Desiccation Tolerance of the Two Yearly Generations of Adult and Nymphal Kudzu Bugs,Megacopta cribraria(Hemiptera: Plataspidae)
Authors: Benk Gokhan , Thompson Patrick J , Hu Xing P , Appel Arthur G 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWater loss rate, percentage total body water content (%TBW), cuticular permeability (CP), and desiccation tolerance were investigated in adult and immature stages of the invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae), a serious soybean pest and an urban nuisance. Adults and all five nymphal instars were weighed prior to and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h after desiccated at 30 ± 1°C and 0–2% RH. Both % initial mass and %TBW loss increased linearly with time of desiccation. Rates of loss ranged from approximately 1–7%/h. Mortality occurred at 10 h after desiccation. Desiccation tolerance (%TBW lost at death) ranged between 25.6% for first-generation adult females and 75% for first-generation fifth-instar nymphs. First-generation first-instar nymphs had significantly greater %TBW (88.9%) than the other generations and instars, whereas second-generation fifth instars had the lowest %TBW (62.4%). The CP value of first-generation adult females (12.3 ± 1.6 µg cm−1 h−1 mmHg−1) was the greatest across generations. First-generation first instars had the greatest mass loss (111.11 mg/g) among all instars and generations, whereas overwintered second-generation adult females had the lowest mass loss (18.39) across generations. This study demonstrated that desiccation stress differentially affected the survival of adult and nymphal kudzu bugs and may imply that environmental stress can affect the relative abundance of this species in the fields and around homes.
The Republic of Ghana and Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Burgeoning Expert?
Authors: Avayiwoe Gracious 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this note, I categorize and review the bilateral investment treaties (BITs) concluded by the Republic of Ghana. I identify the current status of Ghana in the BIT sphere as being that of neither a novice nor a fully-fledged expert. The country is, nevertheless, progressively exhibiting some level of innovation and negotiation influence. Notwithstanding, all generations of its BITs remain very broad in scope, and, also, share laconic and vaguely-worded provisions. Furthermore, contemporary models of international investment agreements (IIAs) as contained in Ghana’s latest BIT—the earlier generations having lacked such innovations—is not as robust as those in emerging IIAs of Africa. Towards sustainability and systemic coherence of the BITs and the new African IIA paradigm, Ghana, certainly, needs to reform its existing BITs and reorient its future investment treaty practice. In the interim, I propose the Pan-African Investment Code (PAIC) as the benchmark.
On Higher Special Elements ofp-adic Representations
Authors: Burns David , Sano Takamichi , Tsoi Kwok-Wing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs a natural generalisation of the notion of “higher rank Euler system”, we develop a theory of “higher special elements” in the exterior power biduals of the Galois cohomology of $p$-adic representations. We show, in particular, that such elements encode detailed information about the structure of Galois cohomology groups and are related by families of congruences involving natural height pairings on cohomology. As a first concrete application of the approach, we use it to refine, and extend, a variety of existing results and conjectures concerning the values of derivatives of Dirichlet $L$-series.
Folk Religion and the Medical Engineering of Rural Black Laborers
Authors: Drake Jamil W 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the study of American religion, scholars use the category folk to illuminate the religious worlds of populations on the margins of society. The category has been deployed to valorize the unique cultures of populations while extending the meaning and function of religion beyond conventional markers. Judith Weisenfeld’s religio-racial concept underscores how different state bureaucracies played an important role in the daily religious worlds of Black laypeople. This article applies Weisenfeld’s contribution to American religion by demonstrating that the folk category also sheds light on the agency of state actors and networks. Using the 1931 Macon County, Alabama, venereal disease program, I will argue that the folk category was part of the state’s biomedical campaign to regulate the daily religious cultures of the Black poor.
Red Squads and Black Radicals: Reading Agency in the Archive
Authors: Johnson Sylvester 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Scholarly accounts of racial formation have regularly focused on the role of state actors or non-state oppressive subjects administering racial systems against a dominated population. Challenges or resistance to state racialization practices by dissenting communities, on the other hand, have not received commensurate engagement, particularly at the level of race-making. Judith Weisenfeld demonstrates in New World A-Coming that African American religious movements such as the Moorish Science Temple of America and the Peace Mission were not merely protesting a racial system but also inventing new racial subjectivities. This account of Black radical agency is deeply consequential for understanding the religious dimensions of Black radical politics and the agential architecture of racialization. In this article, I apply Weisenfeld’s method of mapping radical agency from the underside of state archives. The focus is on the Southern Christian Leadership Conference’s Chicago campaign of 1966 and the Poor People’s Campaign (PPC) that culminated in the summer of 1968. I argue that Black radical activists, despite being targeted by counterintelligence operations of law enforcement, nevertheless transformed the politics of race and power with lasting consequences by exceeding in specific ways the efforts of state actors to destroy Black liberation projects. The archival records of state entities themselves render the import of Black agency. This implies, among other things, that scholarship on Black religion and racialization broadly must shift significantly to account for a central argument of Weisenfeld’s book: dominated peoples have been agents of racial histories and not merely objects of racial governance.
Multicentre study of thein vitroactivity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and other commonly used antibiotics againstPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates from patients in the UK
Authors: Alvarez-Buylla Adela , Allen Mike , Betts Dan , Bennett Sean , Monahan Irene , Planche Tim ,   INVICTUS study group, Auckland Cressida , Bowker Karen , Chesterfield Helen , Dall’antonia Martino , Diggle Mathew , El Sakka Noha , Elamin Wael , Hussain Abid , Lambourne Jon , Perry John , Planche Timothy , Pryzbylo Michael , Wilson Peter , Wootton Mandy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and other commonly used antipseudomonal antibiotics against geographically spread Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in the UK using disc susceptibility testing.MethodsThe in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and nine other commonly used antipseudomonal antibiotics was evaluated. Isolates were collected between January 2015 and April 2018. Susceptibility results were interpreted using EUCAST 2018 criteria.ResultsOverall, 1326 clinical isolates from 14 centres in the UK were tested. The majority of the isolates were collected from non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) patients (n = 1123, 85.0%). In addition, 199 cystic fibrosis (CF) isolates were collected from 10 centres. Overall susceptibility to ceftolozane/tazobactam was 89.3% (n = 1181), which included 128 CF and 1053 non-CF isolates. The other antibacterial agents with the highest susceptibility were tobramycin (92.4%, n = 1221) and piperacillin/tazobactam (90.7%, n = 1199). Susceptibility to all antibacterial agents was lower for CF isolates. Piperacillin/tazobactam was the most active of the antibacterial agents tested, followed by ceftolozane/tazobactam (70.4% and 64.3%, respectively), and &lt;60% of CF isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime and the carbapenems. The reason for the higher rates of susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam and lower susceptibility to ceftazidime compared with other studies is unclear.ConclusionsThe data presented here support the need to investigate the place of ceftolozane/tazobactam as a treatment option in the management of pseudomonal infections, particularly in patients with CF. The results highlight the importance of routine testing of new antibacterial agents and of making the data available to clinicians to make appropriate and informed treatment choices.
Three Spectrophotometric Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Duloxetine in Presence of its Toxic Impurity: 1-Naphthol
Authors: Naguib Ibrahim A , Abdelhamid Nessreen S , Anwar Basma H , Magdy Maimana A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuloxetine hydrochloride (DUL) is a drug used to treat depression and anxiety. 1-Naphthol is a potential toxic impurity of DUL, as it causes hepatotoxicity in humans, and it is harmful to aquatic life.ObjectiveThree simple, selective, rapid, accurate and precise methods were developed and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and selectivity for analysis of duloxetine hydrochloride (DUL) in the presence of its potential toxic impurity 1-Naphthol in different laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations.MethodsMethod (A) is the first derivative of the ratio spectra spectrophotometric (1DD) method which allows determination of DUL at 251 nm and 1-Naphthol at 305.2 nm without interference from each other. Method B (dual wavelength) means that two different wavelengths were chosen to each drug, where the absorbance difference at these two wavelengths is equal to zero to the second drug. The chosen two wavelengths for DUL were 221.4 nm and 235.6, where the absorbance difference for 1-naphthol at these two wavelengths was equal to zero. While the chosen wavelengths for 1-naphthol were 247.8 nm and 297 nm, where the absorbance difference for DUL at these two wavelengths was equal to zero. Method (C) is the mean centering of ratio spectra spectrophotometric (MCR) method, which depends on measuring the mean centered values of ratio spectra of both DUL and 1-Naphthol at 226 nm.ResultsThese methods were validated and agreed with the requirements of ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and selectivity.ConclusionsThe results indicate the ability of developed methods to be used for routine quality control analysis of DUL in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations in the presence of its potential impurity 1-Naphthol.
A mass balance method for measuring condensed water content in gas reservoirs
Authors: Xiao Qianhua , Wang Zhiyuan , Liao Zuocai , Ma Yongxin , Huang Xiaoliang , Yu Xinan , Ren Xingming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The accurate measurement of condensed water content in gas reservoirs is critical for the effective development of gas reservoirs. In this study, a more accurate and faster method for measuring the condensed water content in gas reservoirs was developed by using a high-temperature and high-pressure PVT device combined with the law of conservation of matter. A condensed water content test was subsequently conducted in the Dong Fang X (DF13) gas reservoir as an example to investigate the variation of condensed water content in gas reservoirs with different temperature and pressure. The results indicate that the condensed water content decreases with the increase in pressure, demonstrating a good exponential relationship, and vice versa. Based on the test results, a comprehensive prediction model for the variation of condensed water content in different sand bodies of the DF13 reservoirs with temperature and pressure was established, which could predict the precipitation of condensed water, thereby laying a solid foundation for the design of waterproof and water control strategies of the DF13 gas reservoir.
Geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the Shahejie Formation in the Binnan Oilfield, China
Authors: Zuo Xiaochun , Li Cunlei , Zhang Jinliang , Ma Guiyang , Chen Panpan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Trace elements in sedimentary rocks are highly sensitive to palaeoaquatic environmental changes in a sedimentary environment, making them an effective means for studying the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment during the deposition of sediments. The trace elements and major elements of mudstone cores sampled in the Binnan Oilfield in China were tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni) and boron (B), which are all sensitive to the sedimentary environment, were selected as discriminant indicators, and the sedimentary environment of the Shahejie Formation in the Binnan Oilfield was studied by combining with sedimentary indicators. The results show that the equivalent B content and the Sr/Ba ratio discriminate the research area for salt water and freshwater sedimentary environments. The V/(V + Ni) ratio is between 0.65 and 0.81, meaning that this area has a highly reductive sedimentary stratum. The trend of the Rb/Sr curve indicates that the paleoclimate of the Shahejie Formation changed from dry to humid and then back to dry.
The South Kensington Museum’s purchase of the Altarpiece of St George
Authors: Montero Tortajada Encarna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Documents relating to the acquisition by the South Kensington Museum in London of the Altarpiece of St George in 1864 offer (beyond their obvious relevance for studies of International Gothic painting in Valencia) a clear view of the competitive environment in which collections were shaped and curated in this great institution, then recently founded and dedicated to the education of the public taste. The role of the antiques trade in transactions of this type was important, for it was there that the purchase and sale of high-quality artistic pieces of uncertain origin was managed. Moreover, the new perception and increasing appreciation of Hispanic medieval art in Europe in the mid-1800s emerge clearly from this acquisition.
Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80 complex enable responsive spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
Authors: Gui Ping , Sedzro Divine M , Yuan Xiao , Liu Sikai , Hei Mohan , Tian Wei , Zohbi Najdat , Wang Fangwei , Yao Yihan , Aikhionbare Felix O , Gao Xinjiao , Wang Dongmei , Yao Xuebiao , Dou Zhen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules, which is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. As an upstream factor of SAC, the precise and dynamic kinetochore localization of Mps1 kinase is critical for initiating and silencing SAC signaling. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the multisite interactions between Mps1 and Ndc80 complex (Ndc80C) govern Mps1 kinetochore targeting. Importantly, we identified direct interaction between Mps1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain and Ndc80C. We further identified that Mps1 C-terminal fragment, which contains the protein kinase domain and C-tail, enhances Mps1 kinetochore localization. Mechanistically, Mps1 C-terminal fragment mediates its dimerization. Perturbation of C-tail attenuates the kinetochore targeting and activity of Mps1, leading to aberrant mitosis due to compromised SAC function. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80C in enabling responsive SAC signaling.