bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of moss reproductive development indicate that auxin biosynthesis in apical stem cells may constitute an ancestral function for focal growth control
Authors: Landberg Katarina , Šimura Jan , Ljung Karin , Sundberg Eva , Thelander Mattias 
Published: September 2020

Summary

The plant hormone auxin is a key factor for regulation of plant development, and this function was probably reinforced during the evolution of early land plants. We have extended the available toolbox to allow detailed studies of how auxin biosynthesis and responses are regulated in moss reproductive organs, their stem cells and gametes to better elucidate the function of auxin in the morphogenesis of early land plants.

We measured auxin metabolites and identified IPyA (indole‐3‐pyruvic acid) as the main biosynthesis pathway in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens and established knock‐out, overexpressor and reporter lines for biosynthesis genes which were analyzed alongside previously reported auxin‐sensing and transport reporters.

Vegetative and reproductive apical stem cells synthesize auxin. Sustained stem cell activity depends on an inability to sense the auxin produced while progeny of the stem cells respond to the auxin, aiding in the control of cell division, expansion and differentiation. Gamete precursors are dependent on a certain degree of auxin sensing, while the final differentiation is a low auxin‐sensing process.

Tha data presented indicate that low auxin activity may represent a conserved hallmark of land plant gametes, and that local auxin biosynthesis in apical stem cells may be part of an ancestral mechanism to control focal growth.
Horizontal gene transfers dominate the functional mitochondrial gene space of a holoparasitic plant
Authors: Garcia Laura E. , Edera Alejandro A. , Palmer Jeffrey D. , Sato Hector , Sanchez‐Puerta M. Virginia 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Although horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is common in angiosperm mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs), few cases of functional foreign genes have been identified. The one outstanding candidate for large‐scale functional HGT is the holoparasite Lophophytum mirabile, whose mtDNA has lost most native genes but contains intact foreign homologs acquired from legume host plants.

To investigate the extent to which this situation results from functional replacement of native by foreign genes, functional mitochondrial gene transfer to the nucleus, and/or loss of mitochondrial biochemical function in the context of extreme parasitism, we examined the Lophophytum mitochondrial and nuclear transcriptomes by deep paired‐end RNA sequencing.

Most foreign mitochondrial genes in Lophophytum are highly transcribed, accurately spliced, and efficiently RNA edited. By contrast, we found no evidence for functional gene transfer to the nucleus or loss of mitochondrial functions in Lophophytum. Many functional replacements occurred via the physical replacement of native genes by foreign genes. Some of these events probably occurred as the final act of HGT itself.

Lophophytum mtDNA has experienced an unprecedented level of functional replacement of native genes by foreign copies. This raises important questions concerning population‐genetic and molecular regimes that underlie such a high level of foreign gene takeover.
Do we understand the pathophysiology of GERD after sleeve gastrectomy?
Authors: Felinska Eleni , Billeter Adrian , Nickel Felix , Contin Pietro , Berlth Felix , Chand Bipan , Grimminger Peter , Mikami Dean , Schoppmann Sebastian F. , Müller‐Stich Beat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a prevalent problem among obese individuals, is strongly associated with obesity and weight loss. Hence, bariatric surgery effectively improves GERD for many patients. Depending on the type of bariatric procedure, however, surgery can also worsen or even cause a new onset of GERD. As a consequence, GERD remains a relevant problem for many bariatric patients, and especially those who have undergone sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Affected patients report not only a decrease in physical functioning but also suffer from mental and emotional problems, resulting in poorer social functioning. The pathomechanism of GERD after SG is most likely multifactorial and triggered by the interaction of anatomical, physiological, and physical factors. Contributing factors include the shape of the sleeve, the extent of injury to the lower esophageal sphincter, and the presence of hiatal hernia. In order to successfully treat post‐sleeve gastrectomy GERD, the cause of the problem must first be identified. Therapeutic approaches include lifestyle changes, medication, interventional treatment, and/or revisional surgery.
Use of glycerol in fish nutrition: a review
Authors: Mauerwerk Marlise Teresinha , Zadinelo Izabel Volkweis , Meurer Fábio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCrude glycerol and its purified and synthesized forms derived from biodiesel production are non‐toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and versatile, and can be converted into various chemicals or products for biological use. Among the possible uses, there is its use in fish feeding, due to the chemical and nutritional composition, for being classified as energetic food and has low cost. The possibility of using glycerol in fish diets has been motivated by increasing maize prices, the excessive amount of glycerol produced and its processing costs for other purposes. Glycerol use in fish diet formulations is feasible, provided that certain factors be evaluated, such as digestibility and inclusion levels. In this context, this review discussed the main aspects that must be taken into account regarding glycerol use in fish diets, such as the characteristics and chemical composition of its categories, their fish metabolism pathways and their influence on fish plasma glucose. Crude glycerol or glycerine displays good potential for use in fish feed, as it contains adequate energy concentrations and can replace part of fish feed maize. However, it is evident that assessments concerning specific physiological phases, such as fish in reproductive phases, as well glycerol stability in water, are required.
Reevaluation ofBlapimorpha and Opatrinae: addressing a major phylogeny‐classification gap in darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae)
Authors: Kamiński Marcin J. , Lumen Ryan , Kanda Kojun , Iwan Dariusz , Johnston M. Andrew , Kergoat Gael J. , Bouchard Patrice , Bai Xing Long , Li Xiu Min , Ren Guo Dong , Smith Aaron D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe taxonomic concepts of Blapimorpha and Opatrinae (informal and traditional, morphology‐based groupings among darkling beetles) are tested using molecular phylogenetics and a reassessment of larval and adult morphology to address a major phylogeny‐classification gap in Tenebrionidae. Instead of a holistic approach (family‐level phylogeny), this study uses a bottom‐up strategy (tribal grouping) in order to define larger, monophyletic lineages within Tenebrioninae. Sampling included representatives of 27 tenebrionid tribes: Alleculini, Amarygmini, Amphidorini, Blaptini, Bolitophagini, Branchini, Cerenopini, Coniontini, Caenocrypticini, Dendarini, Eulabini, Helopini, Lagriini, Melanimini, Opatrini, Pedinini, Phaleriini, Physogasterini, Platynotini, Platyscelidini, Praociini, Scaurini, Scotobiini, Tenebrionini, Trachyscelini, Triboliini and Ulomini. Molecular analyses were based on DNA sequence data from four non‐overlapping gene regions: carbamoyl‐phosphate synthetase domain ofrudimentary(CAD) (723 bp),wingless(wg) (438 bp) and nuclear ribosomal 28S (1101 bp) and mitochondrial ribosomal 12S (363 bp). Additionally, 15 larval and imaginal characters were scored and subjected to an ancestral state reconstruction analysis. Results revealed that Amphidorini, Blaptini, Dendarini, Pedinini, Platynotini, Platyscelidini and Opatrini form a clade which can be defined by the following morphological features: adults—antennae lacking compound/stellate sensoria; procoxal cavities externally and internally closed, intersternal membrane of abdominal ventrites 3–5 visible; paired abdominal defensive glands present, elongate, not annulated; larvae—prolegs enlarged (adapted for digging); ninth tergite lacking urogomphi. To accommodate this monophyletic grouping (281 genera and ∼4000 species), the subfamily Blaptinaesens. nov.is resurrected. Prior to these results, all of the tribes within Blaptinae were classified within the polyphyletic subfamily Tenebrioninae. The non‐monophyletic nature of Terebrioninae has already been postulated by previous authors, yet no taxonomic decisions were made to fix its status. The reinstatement of Blaptinae, which groups ∼50% of the former Tenebrioninae, helps to clarify phylogenetic relations among the whole family and is the first step towards a complete higher‐level revision of Tenebrionidae. The Central Asian tribe Dissonomini (two genera, ∼30 species) was not included in Blaptinae due to a lack of representatives in the performed phylogenetic analyses; however, based on morphological features, the tribe is listed as a potential addition to the subfamily.
Alternative pneumocystis prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients at two large transplant centers
Authors: Lum Jessica , Echenique Ignacio , Athans Vasilios , Koval Christine E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is the drug of choice forPneumocystis jiroveciipneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis and has activity against other opportunistic infections (OIs) after solid organ transplant (SOT). We aimed to describe the incidence, reasons for and outcomes of use of alternative prophylactic agents (APAs) across SOT programs in our high volume centers.MethodsSolid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) at our centers from 1/2015‐12/2016 were identified. Pharmacy records identified APA (pentamidine, atovaquone, or dapsone) use within 1 year. Records were reviewed for allergies, laboratory values at APA initiation, diagnostic tests for TMP‐SMX‐preventable OIs, and APA side effects.ResultsAn APA was initiated in 105/1173 (8.9%) SOTRs. Of these, 51 (48.6%) were because of sulfonamide allergy recorded pre‐SOT, mostly rash/hives (58.8%). The remaining 54 (51.4%) had TMP‐SMX discontinued post‐SOT, mostly for neutropenia (48%) and renal effects (34%). Differences occurred across programs, with kidney transplant never stopping TMP‐SMX for renal issues. Of those changed to APAs post‐transplant, 19 (35%) were later successfully re‐challenged with TMP‐SMX. With thresholds in mind, 67 (64%) received an APA unnecessarily, accounting for up to $100 000/y excess cost. Potential TMP‐SMX‐preventable OIs occurred in 7 (5Nocardia; 2 PJP). APA side effects occurred in 14/105 (13.3%).ConclusionsUse of APAs for PJP prophylaxis after SOT is less than previously reported but often unwarranted. Such decisions require scrutiny to avoid TMP‐SMX‐preventable OIs, cost and important APA side effects. Use of reasonable thresholds for cessation of TMP‐SMX and data‐driven approaches to re‐challenge would substantially reduce APA use.
Orchard grass allergy in an African spur‐thighed tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) confirmed via intradermal allergen testing and provocation testing
Authors: Liguori Brittany , Alexander Amy , Wyatt Danielle , Wellehan James , Santoro Domenico 
Published: September 2020

RésuméLe système immunitaire humoral des reptiles n’est pas bien étudié. A la connaissance des auteurs, cet article décrit le premier cas de conjonctivite associé au dactyle pelotonné chez une tortue sillonée (Centrochelys sulcata) confirmé par tests allergéniques intradermiques et test de provocation. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux caractériser les réactions allergiques chez les reptiles.
Relationships between hyperinsulinaemia, magnesium, vitamin D, thrombosis and COVID-19: rationale for clinical management
Authors: Cooper Isabella D , Crofts Catherine A P , DiNicolantonio James J , Malhotra Aseem , Elliott Bradley , Kyriakidou Yvoni , Brookler Kenneth H 
Published: September 2020

Risk factors for COVID-19 patients with poorer outcomes include pre-existing conditions: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart failure, hypertension, low oxygen saturation capacity, cancer, elevated: ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer. A common denominator, hyperinsulinaemia, provides a plausible mechanism of action, underlying CVD, hypertension and strokes, all conditions typified with thrombi. The underlying science provides a theoretical management algorithm for the frontline practitioners.Vitamin D activation requires magnesium. Hyperinsulinaemia promotes: magnesium depletion via increased renal excretion, reduced intracellular levels, lowers vitamin D status via sequestration into adipocytes and hydroxylation activation inhibition. Hyperinsulinaemia mediates thrombi development via: fibrinolysis inhibition, anticoagulation production dysregulation, increasing reactive oxygen species, decreased antioxidant capacity via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide depletion, haem oxidation and catabolism, producing carbon monoxide, increasing deep vein thrombosis risk and pulmonary emboli. Increased haem-synthesis demand upregulates carbon dioxide production, decreasing oxygen saturation capacity. Hyperinsulinaemia decreases cholesterol sulfurylation to cholesterol sulfate, as low vitamin D regulation due to magnesium depletion and/or vitamin D sequestration and/or diminished activation capacity decreases sulfotransferase enzyme SULT2B1b activity, consequently decreasing plasma membrane negative charge between red blood cells, platelets and endothelial cells, thus increasing agglutination and thrombosis.Patients with COVID-19 admitted with hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinaemia should be placed on a restricted refined carbohydrate diet, with limited use of intravenous dextrose solutions. Degree/level of restriction is determined by serial testing of blood glucose, insulin and ketones. Supplemental magnesium, vitamin D and zinc should be administered. By implementing refined carbohydrate restriction, three primary risk factors, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia and hypertension, that increase inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis risk are rapidly managed.
A survey of biosecurity measures and serological status for bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 on dairy cattle farms in north‐west and north‐east Spain
Authors: Villaamil Francisco J , Arnaiz Ignacio , Allepuz Alberto , Molins Miquel , Lazaro Mercedes , Benavides Bibiana , Moya Sebastián J , Fabrega Jordi Casal , Yus Eduardo , Dieguez Francisco J 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBiosecurity is a key measure to reduce and prevent the introduction of diseases to farms and minimise spread of diseases within a herd. The aim of the study was to characterise the current application of biosecurity measures on dairy cattle farms in Spain along with their bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis status.MethodsData on biosecurity measures for 124 dairy herds were collected using a questionnaire. The sanitary status of these farms for bovine viral diarrhoea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was also assessed using antibody ELISA. Data were analysed using multiple correspondence analysis and a two‐step cluster analysis.ResultsThree main clusters of farms were identified: clusters 1 and 2 included herds of small and intermediate sizes. These, particularly cluster 1, showed the most deficiencies in the control of vehicles and visitors. However, laboratory tests were always performed on purchased animals. Cluster 3 had the largest herd sizes, with somewhat better biosecurity control of vehicles and visitors. However, farms in this cluster also purchased the most animals, sometimes without testing, and hired external workers more often.ConclusionThe study indicated that, in the study population, there are serious shortcomings in the application of biosecurity measures on dairy farms, exposing them to disease transmission. This survey also highlights regional and herd size‐related differences in the implementation of biosecurity. Collecting data is an important first step to identification of specific weaknesses in different farm typologies, and an adequate follow‐up is needed to ensure that measures are implemented correctly on farms.
Moving contact lines and dynamic contact angles: a ‘litmus test’ for mathematical models, accomplishments and new challenges
Authors: Shikhmurzaev Yulii D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter a brief overview of the ‘moving contact-line problem’ as it emerged and evolved as a research topic, a ‘litmus test’ allowing one to assess adequacy of the mathematical models proposed as solutions to the problem is described. Its essence is in comparing the contact angle, an element inherent in every model, with what follows from a qualitative analysis of some simple flows. It is shown that, contrary to a widely held view, the dynamic contact angle is not a function of the contact-line speed as for different spontaneous spreading flows one has different paths in the contact angle-versus-speed plane. In particular, the dynamic contact angle can decrease as the contact-line speed increases. This completely undermines the search for the ‘right’ velocity-dependence of the dynamic contact angle, actual or apparent, as a direction of research. With a reference to an earlier publication, it is shown that, to date, the only mathematical model passing the ‘litmus test’ is the model of dynamic wetting as an interface formation process. The model, which was originated back in 1993, inscribes dynamic wetting into the general physical context as a particular case in a wide class of flows, which also includes coalescence, capillary breakup, free-surface cusping and some other flows, all sharing the same underlying physics. New challenges in the field of dynamic wetting are discussed.
Density functional study of CoFeCrZ (Z=Al, Si, Ga, Ge) quaternary Heusler alloys for phonon spectra
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad , Afaq A. , Bakar Abu , Asif Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Density Functional Theory (DFT) is used to investigate the phonon properties of CoFeCrZ (Z[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]Al, Si, Ga, Ge) equiatomic Quaternary Heusler Alloys. These alloys crystallize in face centered cubic (FCC) structure and have three crystal structures Y-Type I, Y-Type II and Y-Type III on the basis of their atomic positions. For CoFeCrZ (Z[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]Al, Si, Ga, Ge), Y-Type I is the most stable structure found in the literature, so phonon dispersion curves for this structure are obtained with the help of norm-conserving pseudo potentials in Quantum ESPRESSO. Absence of negative frequencies in phonon dispersion curves proves the dynamical stability of all these alloys. Phonon dispersion curves are further used to obtain Reststrahlen band, a region where light reflects 100%. The calculated Reststrahlen bands for CoFeCrAl, CoFeCrSi, CoFeCrGa and CoFeCrGe are 4.179 THz ([Formula: see text]m), 4.30 THz ([Formula: see text]m), 3.35 THz ([Formula: see text]m) and 3.05 THz ([Formula: see text]m), respectively. These obtained values of Reststrahlen bands for CoFeCrZ (Z[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]Al, Si, Ga, Ge) lie within the far infra-red (FIR) region, and can be used in sensing, imaging and optoelectronic devices.
The Public and Medical Staff Understanding of COVID-19: A Large Sample, Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wu Yi-Bo , Liu Si-Tong , He Xi-Zhe , Yu Chun , Huang Xiang-Dong , Shi Lin-Ling , Tang Qin 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To understand the cognition condition of the public and medical staff of COVID-19. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out by giving out online questionnaires. Results: The scores of medical staff and the public are 92.47 ± 5.76 and 89.53 ± 8.27, respectively, the differences between them are statistically significant (p = 0.000). The accuracies of medical staff and the public in etiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, disease definition, disease prevention and treatment and misunderstanding are 91.27 ± 11.60%, 86.73 ± 15.74%, 86.73 ± 15.74%, 98.63 ± 4.23%, 87.84 ± 13.53% and 87.52 ± 14.64%, 84.09 ± 17.49%, 93.63 ± 10.20%, 97.30 ± 8.10%, and 87.43 ± 13.51%, respectively. Residence, region and education background have significant impacts on the scores of medical staff, gender, residence, age, region and education background have significant effects on the scores of the public. Conclusions: The cognition of medical staff and the public of COVID-19 is favorable, and the former is better than the latter, both of them have good grasps of disease prevention and treatment, while have poor grasps of clinical characteristics and misunderstanding of the virus. The demographic characteristics have some effects on the cognition condition of the subjects.
From Pan-African Transpression to Cadomian Transtension at the West African Margin: New U–Pb zircon Ages from the Eastern Saghro Inlier (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Errami Ezzoura , Linnemann Ulf , Hofmann Mandy , Gärtner Andreas , Zieger Johannes , Gärtner Jessica , Mende Katja , El Kabouri Jamal , Gasquet Dominique , Ennih Nasser 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

New U–Pb zircon ages from the Eastern Saghro massif in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco demonstrate a link between Pan-African transpressive collision at
c.
600 Ma and transtension caused by the onset of Cadomian subduction and arc development from
c.
570 Ma onwards. We present new U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ages of detrital and magmatic zircon from the Saghro, M'Gouna, and Ouarzazate Groups. The siliciclastic deposits of the Saghro Group were deposited in a back-arc setting developed on stretched continental crust of the West African margin. Collision with the Atlas–Meseta domain led to the closure of the back-arc basin before 600 Ma. Time of exhumation and surface exposure of the newly formed Pan-African basement is bracketed to
c.
30 Ma owing to the maximum depositional age of 571 ± 4 Ma of the overlying M'Gouna Group. The U–Pb age of 567 ± 4 Ma for the lowermost ignimbrite of the Ouarzazate Group limits the time for the deposition of the M'Gouna Group to less than 4 Ma. The Pan-African orogeny was finished at
c.
600 Ma whereas the onset of transtension related to Cadomian back-arc formation was very much younger from
c.
570 Ma onwards.
“I am not Jasmine; I am Aladdin”: How Youth Challenge Structural Inequity through Critical Hip Hop Literacies
Authors: Leigh Kelly Lauren 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Previous research on Hip Hop Education has advocated for the inclusion of critical media literacy in schools and for the recognition of Hip Hop music and culture as a central component of young people’s literate and social identities (e.g. Hall, 2017; Kelly, 2020; McArthur, 2016). This article places critical Hip Hop literacy at the intersections of media education, social justice education, and culturally sustaining pedagogies by discussing the role of Hip Hop literature and culture as a form of text that can foster young people’s critical consciousness development in the secondary classroom. Through analysis of data collected in a high school Hip Hop Literature and Culture class, this qualitative case study examines how critical Hip Hop literacy practices can support youth sociopolitical development in racially diverse classrooms and schools. The results of this study reveal the need for schools to support students in identifying, analyzing, and challenging structures of oppression through the development of critical Hip Hop literacies.