bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Temperature and CO2 On Plasma‐membrane Permeability to CO2 and HCO3− in the Marine Haptophytes Emiliania huxleyi and Calcidiscus leptoporus (Prymnesiophyceae)
Authors: Blanco‐Ameijeiras Sonia , Stoll Heather M. , Zhang Hongrui , Hopkinson Brian M. 
Published: May 2020

Membrane permeabilities to CO2 and HCO3− constrain the function of CO2 concentrating mechanisms that algae use to supply inorganic carbon for photosynthesis. In diatoms and green algae, plasma membranes are moderately to highly permeable to CO2 but effectively impermeable to HCO3−. Here, CO2 and HCO3− membrane permeabilities were measured using an 18O‐exchange technique on two species of haptophyte algae, Emiliania huxleyi and Calcidiscus leptoporus, which showed that the plasma membranes of these species are also highly permeable to CO2 (0.006–0.02 cm · s−1) but minimally permeable to HCO3−. Increased temperature and CO2 generally increased CO2 membrane permeabilities in both species, possibly due to changes in lipid composition or CO2 channel proteins. Changes in CO2 membrane permeabilities showed no association with the density of calcium carbonate coccoliths surrounding the cell, which could potentially impede passage of compounds. Haptophyte plasma‐membrane permeabilities to CO2 were somewhat lower than those of diatoms but generally higher than membrane permeabilities of green algae. One caveat of these measurements is that the model used to interpret 18O‐exchange data assumes that carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes 18O‐exchange, is homogeneously distributed in the cell. The implications of this assumption were tested using a two‐compartment model with an inhomogeneous distribution of carbonic anhydrase to simulate 18O‐exchange data and then inferring plasma‐membrane CO2 permeabilities from the simulated data. This analysis showed that the inferred plasma‐membrane CO2 permeabilities are minimal estimates but should be quite accurate under most conditions.
Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in a Beagle dog with genetically confirmed Lafora disease
Authors: Alisauskaite Neringa , Beckmann Katrin , Dennler Matthias , Zölch Niklaus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCortical atrophy has been identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans and dogs with Lafora disease (LD). In humans, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) of the brain indicates decreased N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) relative to other brain metabolites. Brain 1HMRS findings in dogs with LD are lacking. A 6‐year‐old female Beagle was presented with a history of a single generalized tonic‐clonic seizure and episodic reflex myoclonus. Clinical, hematological, and neurological examination findings and 3‐Tesla MRI of the brain were unremarkable. Brain 1HMRS with voxel positioning in the thalamus was performed in the affected Beagle. It identified decreased amounts of NAA, glutamate‐glutamine complex, and increased total choline and phosphoethanolamine relative to water and total creatine compared with the reference range in healthy control Beagles. A subsequent genetic test confirmed LD. Abnormalities in 1HMRS despite lack of changes with conventional MRI were identified in a dog with LD.
Analysis of the proposed solutions for the use of orphan works across the world
Authors: Ahmed Bzhar A. , Al‐Salihi Kameran H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article analyses solutions proposed to the problem of orphan works. Orphan works are copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or impossible to identify and/or locate after carrying out a diligent search. The first and foremost aim of providing a solution for the problem of orphan works is to regain the goal of copyright protection, which is to enable the public to access and benefit from protected works. This article examines various solutions that have been adopted by different countries. It also analyses solutions that are under examination for introduction into law, such as limited liability in the United States. The authors reveal that the adoption of a solution by any country requires careful study to introduce the most appropriate approach. It was also found that solving the problem of orphan works would benefit both users and copyright holders.
Influence of donor and recipient gender on liver transplantation outcomes in Europe
Authors: Germani Giacomo , Zeni Nicola , Zanetto Alberto , Adam René , Karam Vincent , Belli Luca S. , O'Grady John , Mirza Darius , Klempnauer Jurgen , Cherqui Daniel , Pratschke Johann , Jamieson Neville , Salizzoni Mauro , Hidalgo Ernest , Lerut Jan , Paul Andreas , Garcia‐Valdecasas Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Fernando San Juan , Villa Erica , Burra Patrizia ,   the European Liver, Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA)
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThe impact of gender and donor/recipient gender mismatch on LT outcomes is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of LT in Europe, using the ELTR database, between male and female recipients, including donor/recipient gender mismatch.MethodsRecipient, donor and transplant characteristics were compared between male and female patients. Patient survival was compared between groups, and the impact of donor/recipient gender matching as well as donor and recipient anthropometric characteristics were evaluated as potential risk factors for post‐LT death/graft loss.ResultsA total of 46,334 LT patients were evaluated (70.5% men and 29.5% women). Ten‐year survival rate was significantly higher in female than in male recipients (66% vs 59%, P < .0001). At multivariate analysis, adjusted for indication to LT and type of graft, donor/recipient gender mismatch (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04‐1.2; P = .003), donor age > 60 years (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01‐1.18; P = .027) and recipient age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.1‐1.02; P < .0001) were significantly associated with post‐LT lower survival rate in men. Conversely in female recipients, donor BMI > 30 (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09‐1.6; P = .005), donor age > 60 years (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01‐1.32; P = .027) and recipient age (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01‐1.02; P < .0001) were significantly associated with lower post‐LT survival rate.ConclusionsDonor/recipient gender mismatch in male recipients and the use of obese donor in female recipients are associated with reduced survival after LT. Therefore, the incorporation of donor and recipient anthropometric quantities in the allocation process should be a matter of further studies, as their matching can significantly influence long‐term outcomes.
Navigating the new landscape of second‐line treatment in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rimassa Lorenza , Wörns Marcus‐Alexander 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSorafenib and lenvatinib are approved for first‐line treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the efficacy of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab has been demonstrated versus sorafenib. Over time, first‐line treatment frequently fails, and regorafenib, cabozantinib, ramucirumab (for patients with alpha fetoprotein ≥400 ng/mL), nivolumab, pembrolizumab and ipilimumab plus nivolumab are approved for use after sorafenib (but not lenvatinib) treatment in advanced HCC. Given the considerable complexity in the therapeutic landscape, the objective of this review was to summarize the clinical evidence for second‐line agents and provide practical guidance for selecting the best sequential treatment approach. The timing and sequencing of treatment switches are key to optimizing patient outcomes in advanced HCC, and decisions should be informed by reasons for discontinuation of previous therapy and disease progression. It is important not to switch too soon, because sequential treatment benefit may then be lost, nor should switching be delayed too long. Effectiveness, safety and tolerability, patient quality of life, route of administration, dosing regimen, drug class, molecular target and individual patients’ characteristics, including comorbidities, inform the selection of second‐line systemic treatment, independently of the aetiology of HCC, tumour stage and the response to previous treatment. Biomarkers predictive of treatment effectiveness are of great value, but currently biomarker‐driven patient selection is possible only in the case of ramucirumab. The approval of new combination therapies for advanced HCC in the first‐line setting will further increase the complexity of decision‐making. However, the important factors will remain the individual patient’s characteristics and preferences.
Evaluating the measurement properties of patient‐reported outcome measures in radiotherapy‐induced xerostomia
Authors: Assas Motaz , Wiriyakijja Paswach , Fedele Stefano , Porter Stephen , Ní Ríordáin Richeal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveRadiotherapy‐induced xerostomia (RIX) is one of the most common adverse effects of radiotherapy to the head and neck, and a major determinant of survivors’ quality of life. A number of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been used in clinical trials of therapeutic interventions for RIX; however, little is known regarding their measurement properties and methodological quality.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for articles published up to May 2019 and evaluating at least one measurement property of PROMs relevant to RIX. The COSMIN guidelines were used to assess relevant measurement properties and methodological quality.ResultsNine validations studies were identified reporting on four PROMs relevant to RIX. The Xerostomia Questionnaire (XQ) showed overall high‐quality evidence for structural validity and internal consistency, but low‐quality evidence supporting reliability. The methodological quality of the Groningen Radiotherapy‐Induced Xerostomia scale (GRIX), Xerostomia Inventory (XI) and the Xerostomia Quality of Life Scale (XeQoLS) was relatively low for all measurement properties.ConclusionsThe XQ was found to have the highest potential to capture changes in RIX according to COSMIN guidelines. Additional validation studies are required to further understand the methodological quality of the XI, GRIX and XeQoLS.
Frequency of asymptomatic and symptomatic respiratory virus detection in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant patients
Authors: Schuster Jennifer E. , Banerjee Dithi , Ahmed Ibrahim , Selvarangan Rangaraj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRespiratory viral infections are common and can cause significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The prevalence of disease has been primarily identified from retrospective studies using standard‐of‐care specimens. The incidence of both asymptomatic respiratory viral detection and symptomatic respiratory viral detection in this high‐risk population is not well described. We performed longitudinal, active, prospective surveillance in pediatric HCT patients. Subjects underwent weekly midturbinate swabs (MTSs) for the detection of 18 respiratory viruses and subtypes peri‐HCT and 100 days post‐HCT. Clinical data were obtained from the medical record. From September 2015 to February 2017, 24 children underwent 29 HCT, and 284 MTSs were collected. Forty‐two (15%) specimens were virus‐positive from 10 (42%) subjects. Specimens from children undergoing allogeneic HCT were more likely to have a virus detected (17% vs 8%, P = .04) compared with specimens from children undergoing autologous HCT. Sixteen (38%) detections were not associated with symptoms. Almost half (8/17) of the unique viral infections occurred during the HCT hospitalization after a negative specimen, suggesting nosocomial acquisition, and preceded detection from a clinical specimen. Rhinovirus, the most common virus detected, was the only virus detected in 33 (81%) virus‐positive specimens; only 11 (33%) rhinovirus detections were asymptomatic. Asymptomatic detection of coronavirus and bocavirus occurred. Asymptomatic respiratory virus detection occurred in more than one‐third of the children undergoing HCT. The acquisition of respiratory viruses during HCT hospitalization suggests nosocomial acquisition. Early detection of respiratory viruses during asymptomatic periods could have infection prevention and treatment implications.
Bisphenol A induces protection through modulation of the immune response against the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps
Authors: Nava‐Castro Karen Elizabeth , Togno‐Peirce Cristian , Palacios‐Arreola Margarita Isabel , Del Rio‐Araiza Victor Hugo , Hernandez‐Bello Romel , Morales Montor Jorge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsIndustrial growth has increased the exposure to endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) in all organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA), an EDC, has been demonstrated to be involved in the susceptibility to parasite infections. However, few studies have analysed this connection in more depth. The aim of this study was to determine whether early BPA exposure in female mice affects the systemic immune response and the susceptibility to Taenia crassiceps infection.Methods and resultsBALB/c mice were exposed to BPA at post‐natal day 3. At 6 weeks of age, they were inoculated with T crassiceps larvae and, 2 weeks later, were euthanized. The number of parasites was quantified. By flow cytometry, in the spleen, the peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes, the different innate and adaptive immune cell modulation was analysed, and RT‐PCR cytokine expression was also evaluated. BPA induced a reduction of 40% in parasite load. BPA treatment modulated some lineages of the innate immune response and caused slight changes in cells belonging to the adaptive immune response. Additionally, BPA enhanced the type 2 cytokine profile.ConclusionNeonatal BPA treatment in female mice affects not only the percentage of different immune cells but also their ex vivo cytokine gene expression, decreasing T crassiceps cysticercosis susceptibility.
Labeling without Weak Heads
Authors: Hayashi Norimasa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChomsky's extension of his Problems of Projection proposal retains the labeling algorithm and deducesEPPandECPeffects from labeling. However, the notion of weak heads, the crucial assumption in this extended proposal, is problematic both conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, the framework threatens to complicate Minimal Search, which ought to be simple, as an instance of the “third factor” in language design. Empirically, the framework cannot explain the derivation of English infinitival clauses, nor can it explain labeling in languages like Japanese. I resolve these problems by eliminating the notion of weak heads. In exploring syntax without weak heads, I reconsider Feature Inheritance. Given that a central argument for obligatory Feature Inheritance (involving simultaneity of feature valuation and Transfer) is invalid on Chomsky's approach, I propose that Feature Inheritance is an optional operation. Then, I revise a proposal that External Pair Merge of heads is involved in the derivation of verbs with aCPcomplement and in the passive construction. I pose two problems for this proposal, one involving theta roles and one involving the derivation of the passive of verbs with aCPcomplement. My framework derives not only instances deemed problematic under the External Pair Merge proposal but also the unergative and ergative constructions, whose derivations are otherwise unclear.
Herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia in renal transplant recipients: A longitudinal study
Authors: Sarmento Dmitry José de Santana , Tozetto‐Mendoza Tânia Regina , de Souza Ana Carolina Mamana Fernandes , Maciel Rafael , Paiao Heuder , Lima Silvia Helena , Cristelli Marina , Pestana José Osmar Medina de Abreu , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Gallottini Marina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to assess the oral shedding and viremia of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients.MethodsThis is a cohort study in which the participants were examined in three different periods: the first within 24 hours before renal transplantation and the second and third ones 15‐20 and 45‐60 days after the transplantation. Mouthwash and blood samples were collected in each period and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of human herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR.ResultsHSV‐1 and EBV were more frequent in the saliva after renal transplantation, 15‐ to 20‐day period after the transplant. EBV was found in the saliva of 26 (35.6%) patients before renal transplantation and in 56.2% and 46.6% of them, in the 15‐ to 20‐day and 45‐ to 60‐day periods after the transplant, respectively. High detection rates (75.3%‐78.1%) were found for HHV‐7 despite the lack of significant variations between the study periods. There was no concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia.ConclusionWe concluded that the pattern of excretion of HSV‐1 and EBV in saliva is changed immediately after renal transplantation, increasing in the 15‐ to 20‐day period after the transplant surgery. No concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia was observed.
Exposure of consumers to substandard antibiotics from selected authorised and unauthorised medicine sales outlets in Ghana
Authors: Bekoe Samuel Oppong , Ahiabu Mary‐Anne , Orman Emmanuel , Tersbøl Britt Pinkowski , Adosraku Reimmel Kwame , Hansen Martin , Frimodt‐Moller Niels , Styrishave Bjarne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the quality of antibiotics sampled from authorised sales outlets (ATs) (i.e. hospitals/health centres, pharmacies and licensed chemical shops) and unauthorised sales outlets (UATs) (mainly street vendors) in Ghana and to explore the health‐seeking behaviour of medicine consumers.MethodsThe contents of 14 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in 348 sampled products were determined using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. Data on health‐seeking practices were collected through entry and exit interviews and field observations from ATs and UATs.ResultsIt was observed that 66.38% of all sampled antibiotic products were substandard; they either contained less (<90%) or more API (>110%) than the label claim. Medicines from UATs recorded substantially less API contents than those from ATs (F(2,419) = 43.01, P < 0.0001). For example, 90.54% of street vendor samples contained < 90% of the APIs. 75.93% of consumers often sought self‐treatment with drugs without a prescription from UATs, as they perceived UATs as easily accessible, trustworthy and knowledgeable, and their medicines as inexpensive. These consumers rather thought of the formal healthcare providers as alternative sources.ConclusionsConsumers who purchase from UATs are at high risk of receiving substandard medicines. The quality of medicines in the national healthcare system, in the supply chain and in the distribution system needs to be monitored regularly to reduce the incidence of substandard medicines and their impact on antimicrobial resistance. The fight against substandard medicines needs to incorporate a full understanding of socioeconomic factors that drive consumer decisions regarding their health and choice of healthcare providers.
Spatial fine‐resolution model of malaria risk for the Colombian Pacific region
Authors: Piedrahita Stefani , Altamiranda‐Saavedra Mariano , Correa Margarita M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo categorise and map, at high resolution, the risk of malaria incidence in the Pacific region, the main malaria‐endemic region of Colombia.MethodsThe relationship between the environmental variables Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Normalized Difference Water Index, Topographic Wetness Index, precipitation and temperature with the observed Annual Parasitic Index was evaluated using a generalised linear model. An incidence risk map at a resolution of 1 km2 was constructed and projected to the entire endemic region. Associations of malaria risk categories with both presence records and co‐occurrence of the three main malaria vectors were determined.ResultsA significant correlation was found for the incidence of malaria with precipitation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (R2 = 0.98, P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant correlation with the remaining environmental and topographic variables. Moderate‐ to high‐risk areas were located mainly in central Chocó Department along the San Juan and Atrato rivers and in areas west of the Cauca River and Pacific lowlands of the Andes Mountains. There was a statistically significant relationship for the presence of the two main vectors Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles nuneztovari with the high malaria risk category. Furthermore, malaria risk was directly proportional to the number of co‐occurring vector species.ConclusionsThe map obtained provides useful information on the risk of malaria in particular places of the Colombian Pacific region. The data can be used by public entities to optimise the allocation of economic resources for vector control interventions and surveillance.
Adoption trends of point of issue Verax PGD rapid test for bacterial screening of platelets between 2013 and 2018 among hospitals supplied by the American Red Cross and impact on platelet availability
Authors: Rios Jorge , Westra James , Dy Beth , Young Pampee P. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDPoint‐of‐issue tests, such as the Verax Pan Genera Detection (PGD) test, can be used to mitigate the occurrence of septic reactions. Little is known about how widespread the adoption of the PGD test is across US hospitals.STUDY DESIGN/METHODSThe Red Cross hemovigilance database was used to determine the numbers of PGD‐positive test results between 2013 and 2018. An examination of the impact of a reactive PGD test on product availability was performed for 2018.RESULTSThe number of reported cases doubled, rising from approximately 50 to 100 per year between 2013 and 2018. A total of 475 initially reactive PGD tests during the entire study period were reported, and 7 (1.5%) of these were determined to be true positives. Hospitals surveyed reported testing platelet units once, with no repeat testing if the unit was PGD reactive. Evaluation of the reported PGD reactive cases for apheresis platelets for 2018 (n = 93) resulted in an estimated cost to the blood center of $87,000, which included the labor and material costs of working up the cases and the estimated value of the lost 64 units and co‐components. In addition, there was a loss of the opportunity to collect over 85 apheresis platelets during the time the implicated donor was temporarily deferred.CONCLUSIONSThe number of hospital reports of reactive PGD tests has shown modest growth in the past 5 years. The number of initially reactive PGD tests that were confirmed was minimal. Blood centers can incur cost and platelet inventory loss from initially false‐positive test results.
Binder-Free Thin-Film Electrode Fabricated by Spray Drying Method: A Case of LiFePO4
Authors: Guo Xiaolong , Lan Tu , Feng Xiang , Li De , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the development of portable electronic devices, it is an urgent demand to miniaturize energy storage components, especially for Li-ion batteries, and the thin-film electrode is a promising miniaturization strategy. In this work, we successfully fabricated a binder-free thin-film electrode of LiFePO4/C by a spray drying method. According to the scanning electron microscopy, the Al-foil substrate was coated with a porous LiFePO4/C layer of ca. 4 µm thick, and the X-ray diffraction and the Raman spectra reveal the good crystallization of LiFePO4 and the presence of amorphous carbon. The as-prepared electrode exhibits an excellent cycle stability, which works quite good even after 2000 cycles. Thereby, we suggested that the as-prepared binder-free thin-film electrode can be potentially applied in the field of all-solid-state, flexible, and micro Li-ion batteries.