bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World music matters
Authors: Bohlman Philip V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
‘World music matters’ looks at the sites of music and musical instrument creation under threat from climate change. The word ‘matter’ refers not only to the significance but the materiality of world music and sound itself. As diasporas expand, the routes and borders they once travelled are closing. From the Calais Jungle to Babylon Orchestra, world musicians collaborate with each other and create new fusions. In the 21st century, world music is more diverse than ever, and we must find new ways to sustain and engage with world music that put the musician and the ethnographer on an equal footing.
Introduction
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
1580 saw the publication of Montaigne’s Essays, which the Introduction identifies as the first philosophical work in French. Montaigne was fluent in Latin, the language of scholarship, so what was the significance of his writing in the vernacular? During the early modern period, French philosophy covered what we would now think of as science, along with theology, metaphysics, and ethics. During the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, philosophy became associated with radical politics and intellectualism. After the First World War, French philosophers embraced existential ideas from Germany and further east. What impact would ‘French theory’ have on the twentieth century?
The origins of French philosophy
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
What do Montaigne’s Essays have in common with modern philosophy? ‘The origins of French philosophy’ explains different approaches to relativism, humanism, and scepticism in the writings of Montaigne and Descartes, and lesser-known philosophers Gassendi and Malebranche. As a cleric, Gassendi shaped his conclusions around Christian doctrine. When Descartes was unable to argue a central scientific theory because of the Church—that the Earth revolves around the Sun—he became preoccupied by the possibility of absolute, indisputable knowledge. Thus, ontology in French philosophy was replaced with epistemology—the study of knowledge. How did early modern philosophers explain the relationship between God, the mind, and the body?
Radical philosophy
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cartesian rationalism was challenged in the French public imagination by the theories of John Locke. ‘Radical philosophy: the eighteenth century’ looks at how philosophers like d’Alembert popularized Lockean ideas about how humans experience the world through sensation and reflection. Where did language come from? What can babies, statues, and blind people teach us about sensibility? Should human bodies be perfected by medicine, science, and society? Rousseau wrote that external impressions were as important as innate thoughts and that humans were corrupted by the world. Voltaire argued that Christianity was only one of many religions and the West only one region.
Post-Revolutionary philosophy
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
After the French Revolution, philosophy and the rapid rise of individualism were blamed for the bloodshed. ‘Post-Revolutionary philosophy: the nineteenth century and the Third Republic’ introduces thinkers like Auguste Comte, who ushered in socialism by arguing that Enlightenment ideas had toppled the old order of monarchy and religion, but that their individualism potentially hampered progress. Progress, epitomized by science, was the goal in nineteenth-century French philosophy. Rationalism and the ‘critical idealism’ of Léon Brunschvicg were not the only schools of thought. The Romantic philosopher Henri Bergson tackled the relationship between mind, body, and spirit by defining knowledge as a process.
Conclusion
Authors: Gaukroger Stephen , Peden Knox 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Is it significant, as the Conclusion suggests, that the Sorbonne is located between the Panthéon and the Préfecture de Police? French philosophy is associated with greatness and exercises considerable influence through the education system and grant funding, but in the wrong hands it could be an instrument of state control. The proximity of religious buildings to the Sorbonne also suggests that their influence has not been vanquished by the scepticism that characterized French philosophy from Descartes onward. The history of the French state has been driven by debates and fundamental questions about non-religious foundations of legitimacy. The history of French philosophy is marked by similar traits.
The Clinical Frailty Scale predicts adverse outcome in older people admitted to a UK major trauma centre
Authors: Rickard Frances , Ibitoye Sarah , Deakin Helen , Walton Benjamin , Thompson Julian , Shipway David , Braude Philip 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Frailty assessment using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) has been mandated for older people admitted to English major trauma centres (MTC) since April 2019. Little evidence is available as to CFS-associated outcomes in the trauma population.

Objective
To investigate post-injury outcomes stratified by the CFS.

Methods
A single centre prospective observational cohort study was undertaken. CFS was prospectively assigned to patients ≥ 65 years old admitted to the MTC over a 5-month period. Primary outcome was 30-day post-injury mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, complications and discharge level of care.

Results
In 300 patients median age was 82; 146 (47%) were frail (CFS 5–9) and 28 (9.3%) severely frail (CFS 7–9). Frail patients had lower injury severity scores (median 9 vs 16) but greater 30-day mortality (CFS 5–6 odds ratio (OR) 5.68; P &lt; 0.01; CFS 7–9 OR 10.38; P &lt; 0.01). Frailty was associated with delirium (29.5% vs 17.5%; P = 0.02), but not complication rate (50.7% vs 41.6%; P = 0.20) or length of hospital stay (13 vs 11 days; P = 0.35). Mild to moderate frailty was associated with increased care level at discharge (OR 2.31; P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Frailty is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality, inpatient delirium and increased care level at discharge in older people experiencing trauma. CFS can therefore be used to identify those at risk of poor outcome who may benefit from comprehensive geriatric review, validating its inclusion in the 2019 best practice tariff for major trauma.
Risperidone- and paliperidone-induced hepatotoxicity: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Khorassani Farah , Sousonis Frances , Lopez Leonardo V 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeA case of hepatotoxicity likely due to use of risperidone and paliperidone is reported.SummaryA 23-year-old man with schizophrenia was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit after an exacerbation of mental illness secondary to medication nonadherence. During 13 days of treatment with risperidone, the patient’s liver enzyme levels rose sharply, so antipsychotic therapy was switched to oral paliperidone. After a 5-day downward trend in liver enzyme levels, a dose of intramuscular paliperidone was administered to augment oral paliperidone therapy. After 10 days of paliperidone use, abnormally high liver enzyme levels were again noted; both oral and intramuscular paliperidone therapy were discontinued and haloperidol was initiated, with complete resolution of liver enzyme abnormalities within approximately 4 weeks. Scoring of this case using the algorithm of Naranjo et al indicated probable associations between risperidone use and hepatotoxicity (a score of 7) and paliperidone use and hepatotoxicity (a score of 8). To our knowledge, this is the first case report describing a patient who developed hepatotoxicity during risperidone use that did not remit with a switch to paliperidone therapy.ConclusionFindings of this case suggest that patients who develop hepatotoxicity with use of risperidone may also do so with paliperidone use; this, in turn, suggests that both risperidone and its metabolite are capable of causing hepatotoxicity. Patients who develop hepatotoxicity in response to risperidone or paliperidone therapy may benefit from treatment with an alternative antipsychotic with a different chemical structure.
Uncovering antibody cross-reaction dynamics in influenza A infections
Authors: Hernandez-Mejia Gustavo , Hernandez-Vargas Esteban A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Influenza viruses are a cause of large outbreaks and pandemics with high death tolls. A key obstacle is that flu vaccines have inconsistent performance, in the best cases up to 60% effectiveness, but it can be as low as 10%. Uncovering the hidden pathways of how antibodies (Abs) induced by one influenza strain are effective against another, cross-reaction, is a central vexation for the design of universal flu vaccines.

Results
We conceive a stochastic model that successfully represents the antibody cross-reactive data from mice infected with H3N2 influenza strains and further validation with cross-reaction data of H1N1 strains. Using a High-Performance Computing cluster, several aspects and parameters in the model were tested. Computational simulations highlight that changes in time of infection and the B-cells population are relevant, however, the affinity threshold of B-cells between consecutive infections is a necessary condition for the successful Abs cross-reaction. Our results suggest a 3-D reformulation of the current influenza antibody landscape for the representation and modeling of cross-reactive data.

Availability and implementation
The full code as a testing/simulation platform is freely available here: https://github.com/systemsmedicine/Antibody_cross-reaction_dynamics.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Looking Back, Thinking Forward: How a Television Series Facilitated the Development of the Social Work Profession in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwan Chi Kin , Cheung Oi Ngor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The healthy development of the social work profession rests on the public’s understanding and trust. The media play a significant role in shaping the public image of social work. This article describes a focus group study that was designed to retrace the long-term impact of an iconic television series in 1976 on the public’s reception of the nascent profession of social work amongst a group of social work practitioners. Four focus groups were conducted with thirty practicing and retired social workers. The content of the focus group discussions was coded and analysed to generate three major themes: (i) the television series gave a real-world articulation of the work of social workers and catalysed the profession’s public receptivity; (ii) it inspired a call amongst conscientious young people to join the profession; and (iii) it contributed to the construction of social workers’ professional identity. The findings demonstrate the contribution of this television series, hence the role of media, to the early development of professional social work in Hong Kong.
Decision Signals in the Local Field Potentials of Early and Mid-Level Macaque Visual Cortex
Authors: Krishna Aravind , Tanabe Seiji , Kohn Adam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The neural basis of perceptual decision making has typically been studied using measurements of single neuron activity, though decisions are likely based on the activity of large neuronal ensembles. Local field potentials (LFPs) may, in some cases, serve as a useful proxy for population activity and thus be useful for understanding the neural basis of perceptual decision making. However, little is known about whether LFPs in sensory areas include decision-related signals. We therefore analyzed LFPs recorded using two 48­electrode arrays implanted in primary visual cortex (V1) and area V4 of macaque monkeys trained to perform a fine orientation discrimination task. We found significant choice information in low (0–30 Hz) and higher (70–500 Hz) frequency components of the LFP, but little information in gamma frequencies (30–70 Hz). Choice information was more robust in V4 than V1 and stronger in LFPs than in simultaneously measured spiking activity. LFP-based choice information included a global component, common across electrodes within an area. Our findings reveal the presence of robust choice-related signals in the LFPs recorded in V1 and V4 and suggest that LFPs may be a useful complement to spike-based analyses of decision making.
Transection of Gustatory Nerves Differentially Affects Dietary Fat Intake in Obesity-Prone and Obesity-Resistant Rats
Authors: Schreiber Allyson , Braymer Hugh Douglas , Primeaux Stefany D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The current prevalence of obesity has been linked to the consumption of highly palatable foods and may be mediated by a dysregulated or hyposensitive orosensory perception of dietary fat, thereby contributing to the susceptibility to develop obesity. The goal of the current study was to investigate the role of lingual taste input in obesity-prone (OP, Osborne-Mendel) and obesity-resistant (OR, S5B/Pl) rats on the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Density of fungiform papillae was assessed as a marker of general orosensory input. To determine if orosensory afferent input mediates dietary fat intake, surgical transection of the chorda tympani and glossopharyngeal nerves (GLX/CTX) was performed in OP and OR rats and HFD caloric intake and body weight were measured. Fungiform papillae density was lower in OP rats, compared with OR rats. GLX/CTX decreased orosensory input in both OP and OR rats, as measured by an increase in the intake of a bitter, quinine solution. Consumption of low-fat diet was not altered by GLX/CTX in OP and OR rats; however, GLX/CTX decreased HFD intake in OR, without altering HFD intake in OP rats. Overall, these data suggest that inhibition of orosensory input in OP rats do not decrease fat intake, thereby supporting that idea that hyposensitive and/or dysregulated orosensory perception of highly palatable foods contribute to the susceptibility to develop obesity.
Human CD16+ monocytes promote a pro-atherosclerotic endothelial cell phenotype via CX3CR1–CX3CL1 interaction
Authors: Roy-Chowdhury Eva , Brauns Nicolas , Helmke Alexandra , Nordlohne Johannes , Bräsen Jan Hinrich , Schmitz Jessica , Volkmann Julia , Fleig Susanne V , Kusche-Vihrog Kristina , Haller Hermann , von Vietinghoff Sibylle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsMonocytes are central for atherosclerotic vascular inflammation. The human non-classical, patrolling subtype, which expresses high levels of CD16 and fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, strongly associates with cardiovascular events. This is most marked in renal failure, a condition with excess atherosclerosis morbidity. The underlying mechanism is not understood. This study investigated how human CD16+ monocytes modulate endothelial cell function.Methods and resultsIn patients with kidney failure, CD16+ monocyte counts were elevated and dynamically decreased within a year after transplantation, chiefly due to a drop in CD14+CD16+ cells. The CX3CR1 ligand CX3CL1 was similarly elevated in the circulation of humans and mice with renal impairment. CX3CL1 up-regulation was also observed close to macrophage rich human coronary artery plaques. To investigate a mechanistic basis of this association, CD16+CX3CR1HIGH monocytes were co-incubated with primary human endothelium in vitro. Compared to classical CD14+ monocytes or transwell cocultures, CD16+ monocytes enhanced endothelial STAT1 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, up-regulated expression of CX3CL1 and interleukin-1β, numerous CCL and CXCL chemokines and molecules promoting leucocyte patrolling and adhesion such as ICAM1 and VCAM1. Genes required for vasodilatation including endothelial nitric oxide synthase decreased while endothelial collagen production increased. Uraemic patients’ monocytes enhanced endothelial CX3CL1 even more markedly. Their receptor CX3CR1 was required for enhanced aortic endothelial stiffness in murine atherosclerosis with renal impairment. CX3CR1 dose-dependently modulated monocyte-contact-dependent gene expression in human endothelium.ConclusionBy demonstrating endothelial proatherosclerotic gene regulation in direct contact with CD16+ monocytes, in part via cellular CX3CR1–CX3CL1 interaction, our data delineate a mechanism how this celltype can increase cardiovascular risk.
ConoMode, a database for conopeptide binding modes
Authors: Li Xiao , Liu Hao , Gao Chunxiao , Li Yangyang , Jia Dongning , Yang Yanbo , Yang Jinbo , Wei Zhiqiang , Jiang Tao , Yu Rilei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
ConoMode is a database for complex three-dimensional (3D) structures of conopeptides binding with their target proteins. Conopeptides, a large family of peptides from the venom of marine snails of the Conus genus, have exceptionally diverse sequences, and their high specificity to block ion channels makes them crucial as drug leads and tools for physiological studies. ConoMode is a specialized archive for the collection of 3D coordinate data for the conopeptides and their binding target proteins from published literature and the Protein Data Bank. These 3D structures can be determined using experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy and computational methods including docking, homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding modes for the conopeptides determined using computational modeling must be validated based on experimental data. The 3D coordinate data from ConoMode can be searched, visualized, downloaded and uploaded. Currently, ConoMode manages 19 conopeptide sequences (from 10 Conus species), 15 protein sequences and 37 3D structures. ConoMode utilizes a modern technical framework to provide a good user experience on mobile devices with touch interaction features. Furthermore, the database is fully optimized for unstructured data and flexible data models.
Database URL: http://conomode.qnlm.ac/conomode/conomode/index
The Juncker Presidency – A Study in Character
Authors: Sarmiento Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Jean-Claude Juncker was President of the first ‘political Commission’, being the first (and so far the only) President to be elected through the Spitzenkandidat system following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. Juncker was appointed as head of a college of commissioners with high profiles and extensive experience in national politics. During his tenure, Juncker had to manage several crises, including Brexit, the Syrian war and the consequent mass migrations, as well as growing international tensions with Russia and the US. His personal and unique style, together with his broad domestic experience in European affairs, make him a singular personality and a singular President of the European Commission, whose legacy it is still too early to call.
The natural recovery of soil microbial community and nitrogen functions after pasture abandonment in the Amazon region
Authors: Pedrinho Alexandre , Mendes Lucas William , Merloti Luis Fernando , Andreote Fernando Dini , Tsai Siu Mui 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe assessed the impacts of forest-to-pasture conversion on the dynamic of soil microbial communities, especially those involved in the N-cycle, and their potential functions, using DNA-metagenomic sequencing coupled with the quantification of marker genes for N-cycling. We also evaluated whether the community's dynamic was reestablished with secondary forest growth. In general, the microbial community structure was influenced by changes in soil chemical properties. Aluminum and nitrate significantly correlated to community structure and with 12 out of 21 microbial phyla. The N-related microbial groups and their potential functions were also affected by land-use change, with pasture being clearly different from primary and secondary forest systems. The microbial community analysis demonstrated that forest-to-pasture conversion increased the abundance of different microbial groups related to nitrogen fixation, including Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes. In contrast, after pasture abandonment and with the secondary forest regeneration, there was an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria taxa and denitrification genes. Our multi-analytical approach indicated that the secondary forest presented some signs of resilience, suggesting that the N-related microbial groups and their potential functions can be recovered over time with implications for future ecological restoration programs.
Experimental design for fully nonlinear source location problems: which method should I choose?
Authors: Bloem H , Curtis A , Maurer H 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYStatistical experimental design (SED) is the field of statistics concerned with designing experiments to obtain as much information as possible about a target of interest. SED algorithms can be divided into two categories: those that assume a linear or linearized relationship between measured data and parameters, and those that account for a fully nonlinear relationship. We compare the most commonly used linear method, Bayesian D-optimization, to two nonlinear methods, maximum entropy design and DN-optimization, in a synthetic seismological source location problem where we define a region of the subsurface in which earthquake sources are likely to occur. Example random sources in this region are sampled with a uniform distribution and their arrival time data across the ground surface are forward modelled; the goal of SED is to define a surface monitoring network that optimally constrains this set of source locations given the data that would be observed. Receiver networks so designed are evaluated on performance—the percentage of earthquake pairs whose arrival time differences are above a threshold of measurement uncertainty at each receiver, the number of prior samples (earthquakes) required to evaluate the statistical performance of each design and the SED compute time for different subsurface velocity models. We find that DN-optimization provides the best results both in terms of performance and compute time. Linear design is more computationally expensive and designs poorer performing networks. Maximum entropy design is shown to be effectively impractical due to the large number of samples and long compute times required.
Community-based health promotion about alcohol and other drugs in a multicultural Australia—what works? A review of evidence
Authors: O’Mara Ben , Carey Gemma , Weier Megan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRefugee and migrant communities from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia experience dependency, stigma, isolation, mental health issues, family issues and other problems associated with alcohol and other drugs. Yet, refugee and migrant communities also face major linguistic, cultural and technological barriers to health promotion about drug-related problems. The aim of this review is to identify effective techniques and approaches for health promotion that reduces the risk of problems with drugs in culturally and linguistically inclusive ways. To identify what is effective, the Medline/PubMed database was systematically searched for health promotion literature published between 2008 and 2018. Grey literature from relevant agencies was also searched. The review considered both quantitative and qualitative outcome measures, and assessed studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool. Three studies met inclusion criteria, with weak evaluations. The studies demonstrated effective community engagement, but do not provide conclusive evidence of what is effective drug-related health promotion. The review’s findings point to an important knowledge gap. More rigorous research and evaluation are required to identify effective health promotion for reducing drug-related issues with a larger, more diverse range of refugee and migrant communities.