bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new nodavirus‐negative Trichoplusia ni cell line for baculovirus‐mediated protein production
Authors: Maghodia Ajay B. , Geisler Christoph , Jarvis Donald L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCell lines derived from Trichoplusia ni (Tn) are widely used as hosts in the baculovirus‐insect cell system (BICS). One advantage of Tn cell lines is they can produce recombinant proteins at higher levels than cell lines derived from other insects. However, Tn cell lines are persistently infected with an alphanodavirus, Tn5 cell‐line virus (TnCLV), which reduces their utility as a host for the BICS. Several groups have isolated TnCLV‐negative Tn cell lines, but none were thoroughly characterized and shown to be free of other adventitious viruses. Thus, we isolated and extensively characterized a new TnCLV‐negative line, Tn‐nodavirus‐negative (Tn‐NVN). Tn‐NVN cells have no detectable TnCLV, no other previously identified viral contaminants of lepidopteran insect cell lines, and no sequences associated with any replicating virus or other viral adventitious agents. Tn‐NVN cells tested negative for >60 species of Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, Spiroplasma, and Ureaplasma. Finally, Tn‐NVN cells grow well as a single‐cell suspension culture in serum‐free medium, produce recombinant proteins at levels similar to High Five™ cells, and do not produce recombinant glycoproteins with immunogenic core α1,3‐fucosylation. Thus, Tn‐NVN is a new, well‐characterized TnCLV‐negative cell line with several other features enhancing its utility as a host for the BICS.
The assimilation of glycerol into lipid acyl chains and associated carbon backbones of Nannochloropsis salina varies under nitrogen replete and deplete conditions
Authors: Poddar Nature , Elahee Doomun Sheik N. , Callahan Damien L. , Kowalski Greg M. , Martin Gregory J. O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMixotrophic cultivation can increase microalgae productivity, yet the associated lipid metabolism remains mostly unknown. Stable isotope labeling was used to track assimilation of glycerol into the triacylglyceride (TAG) and membrane lipids of Nannochloropsis salina. In N‐replete media, glycerol uptake and 13C incorporation into acyl chains were, respectively, 6‐fold and 12‐fold higher than in N‐deplete conditions. In N‐replete cultures, 42% of the carbon in the consumed glycerol was assimilated into lipid acyl chains, mostly in membrane lipids rather than TAG. In N‐deplete cultures, only 11% of the limited amount of consumed glycerol was fixed into lipid acyl chains. Labeled lipid‐associated glycerol backbones were predominantly 13C3 labeled, suggesting that intact glycerol molecules were directly esterified with fatty acids/polar head groups. However, the presence of singly and doubly labeled lipid‐bound glycerol species suggested that some glycerol also went through the central carbon metabolism before forming glycerol‐3‐phosphate destined for lipid esterification. 13C incorporation was higher in the saturated and monounsaturated than the polyunsaturated acyl chains of TAG, indicating the flux of carbon from glycerol went first to de novo fatty acid synthesis before acyl editing reactions. The results demonstrate that nitrogen availability influences both glycerol consumption and utilization for lipid synthesis in Nannochloropsis, providing novel insights for developing mixotrophic cultivation strategies.
Mechanisms of antimicrobial and antiendotoxin activities of a triazine‐based amphipathic polymer
Authors: Kim Eun Young , Kumar S. Dinesh , Bang Jeong Kyu , Shin Song Yub 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTZP4 is a triazine‐based amphipathic polymer designed to mimic the amphipathic structure found in antimicrobial peptides. TZP4 showed potent antimicrobial activity comparable to melittin against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. TZP4 showed high resistance to proteolytic degradation and low tendency to develop drug resistance. The results from membrane depolarization, SYTOX Green uptake, flow cytometry, and gel retardation revealed that the mechanism of antimicrobial action of TZP4 involved an intracellular target rather than the bacterial cell membrane. Furthermore, TZP4 suppressed the messenger RNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and inhibited the release of nitric oxide and TNF‐α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. BODIPY‐TR‐cadaverine displacement and dissociation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled LPS assays revealed that TZP4 strongly bound to LPS and disaggregated the LPS oligomers. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that TZP4 inhibits the binding of FITC‐conjugated LPS to RAW264.7 cells. These observations indicate that TZP4 may exert its antiendotoxic activity by directly binding with LPS and inhibiting the interaction between LPS and CD14+ cells. Collectively, TZP4 is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of endotoxic shock and sepsis caused by Gram‐negative bacterial infections.
Delayed hypoxia during pediatric posterior spinal fusion secondary to intraoperative pneumothorax: Case report
Authors: Rovner Michelle S. , Jeanes Zachary M. , Redding Amanda T. , Davis Grayce P. , Furse Cory M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRarely will a pneumothorax caused intraoperatively not manifest signs such as hypoxia, tachypnea, and tachycardia until later. If this occurs, diagnosis and treatment with needle decompression or chest tube must happen quickly for patient safety.
meso‐ and β‐Pyrrole‐Linked Chlorin‐Bacteriochlorin Dyads for Promoting Far‐Red FRET and Singlet Oxygen Production
Authors: Dukh Mykhaylo , Tabaczynski Walter A. , Seetharaman Sairaman , Ou Zhongping , Kadish Karl M. , D'Souza Francis , Pandey Ravindra K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of chlorin‐bacteriochlorin dyads (derived from naturally occurring chlorophyll‐a and bacteriochlorophyll‐a), covalently connected either through the meso‐aryl or β‐pyrrole position (position‐3) via an ester linkage have been synthesized and characterized as a new class of far‐red emitting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging, and heavy atom‐lacking singlet oxygen‐producing agents. From systematic absorption, fluorescence, electrochemical, and computational studies, the role of chlorin as an energy donor and bacteriochlorin as an energy acceptor in these wide‐band‐capturing dyads was established. Efficiency of FRET evaluated from spectral overlap was found to be 95 and 98 % for the meso‐linked and β‐pyrrole‐linked dyads, respectively. Furthermore, evidence for the occurrence of FRET from singlet‐excited chlorin to bacteriochlorin was secured from studies involving femtosecond transient absorption studies in toluene. The measured FRET rate constants, kFRET, were in the order of 1011 s−1, suggesting the occurrence of ultrafast energy transfer in these dyads. Nanosecond transient absorption studies confirmed relaxation of the energy transfer product, 1BChl*, to its triplet state, 3Bchl*. The 3Bchl* thus generated was capable of producing singlet oxygen with quantum yields comparable to their monomeric entities. The occurrence of efficient FRET emitting in the far‐red region and the ability to produce singlet oxygen make the present series of dyads useful for photonic, imaging and therapy applications.
Exploiting colorimetric relationships in characterizing the spectral response functions of the human visual system directly from colour matching functions
Authors: Tooms Michael S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe linear relationship between the spectral response functions (SRFs) of a three‐colour response system and the set of the corresponding colour matching functions (CMFs) for a particular set of primaries, in the form of three simultaneous equations, is the principal fundamental approach adopted in this article in determining the characteristics of the former. After reviewing, evaluating, and where necessary processing the three sets of 2° field CMFs derived by the historic researchers, Guild, Wright, and Stiles & Burch, they were used with three sets of CMFs to SRFs transforms with adjustable matrix coefficients, respectively, to provide three closely matched sets of SRFs. These close matches then formed the basis for the three sets of potential human visual system (HVS) SRFs, which with three further transforms, whose coefficients are based upon the response of the SRFs at the primary wavelengths, then generate, respectively, a close match to each of the historic sets of CMFs. The precept adopted is that given the relative trichromatic sensitivity of the HVS SRFs and a set of three spectral primaries of defined wavelength and known luminosities, a mathematical relationship may be derived between them that produces a corresponding set of CMFs related to the wavelengths of the primaries selected. In an ideal situation then the three sets of SRFs obtained which each produce a match of the derived CMFs to the original CMFs, should also produce a match with each other and represent the SRFs of the HVS. The same procedure was also applied to the Stiles & Burch 10° SMFs to obtain a 10° version of the HVS SRFs. This article outlines the structure of the mathematical tool evolved and the design of the spreadsheet used to derive and build the various relationships, together with the reasoning for each of the steps in the process. The resulting tool is then used with processed forms of the CMFs of the historic researchers, to show that, within the limits of the experimental errors of the original works, the resulting derived CMFs compare favorably with those originally established by experiment, and furthermore, the three associated individual sets of SRFs match, providing strong evidence that they do indeed represent the SRFs of the human vision system.
Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: García‐Lacuna Jorge , Domínguez Gema , Pérez‐Castells Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAbstract: Continuous flow reactors form part of a rapidly growing research area that has changed the way synthetic chemistry is performed not only in academia but also at the industrial level. This Review highlights the most recent advances in cycloaddition reactions performed in flow systems. Cycloadditions are atom‐efficient transformations for the synthesis of carbo‐ and heterocycles, involved in the construction of challenging skeletons of complex molecules. The main advantages of translating these processes into flow include using intensified conditions, safer handling of hazardous reagents and gases, easy tuning of reaction conditions, and straightforward scaling up. These benefits are especially important in cycloadditions such as the copper(I)‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels‐Alder reaction, ozonolysis and [2+2] photocycloadditions. Some of these transformations are key reactions in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
Exploiting non‐orthogonal multiple access in downlink coordinated multipoint transmission with the presence of imperfect channel state information
Authors: Murti Fahri Wisnu , Siregar Rahmat Faddli , Royyan Muhammad , Shin Soo Young 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on a downlink coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission system with non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is investigated since perfect knowledge of a channel cannot be guaranteed in practice. Furthermore, the channel estimation error is applied to estimate the channel information wherein its a priori of variance is assumed to be known. The impact of the number of coordinated base stations (BSs) on downlink CoMP NOMA is investigated. Users are classified into one of two groups according to their position within the cell, namely, cell‐center user (CCU) and cell‐edge user (CEU). In this paper, ergodic capacity and sum capacity for both CCU and CEU are derived as closed forms. In addition, various experiments are conducted with different parameters such as SNR, error variance, and power allocation to show their impact on the CoMP method. The results show that CoMP NOMA outperforms the CoMP orthogonal multiple access (OMA) wherein the condition of the channel impacts the performance of CoMP NOMA less. It is worth noting that a higher number of coordinated BSs enhances the total capacity of CoMP NOMA. Finally, the performance analysis is validated due to the close accordance between the analytical and simulation results.
Early predictors of treatment outcome in a partial hospital program for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Brown Tiffany A. , Murray Stuart B. , Anderson Leslie K. , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious research supports the relevance of early symptom change in eating disorder (ED) treatment; however, few studies have distinguished early weight change from early change in ED psychopathology, particularly in higher levels of care. Thus, the present study examined whether early change in weight and ED psychopathology predicted outcome for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) in a partial hospitalization program.MethodAdolescents with AN (n = 99) completed assessments at admission, 1‐month after treatment admission, discharge, and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsHigher admission percent expected body weight (%EBW), greater early change in %EBW, longer duration of treatment, shorter length of illness, and earlier age of onset predicted greater change in %EBW at discharge, but not follow‐up. Greater ED psychopathology at admission and greater early change in ED psychopathology predicted later change in ED symptoms at discharge, but not follow‐up. Neither early change in %EBW nor ED psychopathology predicted likelihood of remission at discharge and follow‐up.DiscussionResults support the importance of early change in predicting later change in the same ED outcome variables and suggest that early change in both %EBW and ED psychopathology in adolescents may be an important area for future research.
Space use by giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in a protected area within human‐modified landscape
Authors: Bertassoni Alessandra , Mourão Guilherme , Bianchi Rita de Cassia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Spatial ecology data are essential for conservation purposes, especially when extinction risk is influenced by anthropogenic actions. Space use can reveal how individuals use the habitat, how they organize in space, and which components are key resources for the species.

We evaluated the space use and multiscale habitat selection of giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), a vulnerable Neotropical mammal, in a Cerrado site within a human‐modified landscape in southeastern Brazil.

We used GPS transmitters to track eight anteaters in the wild. With the resulting dataset, we estimated home range and core‐area sizes and then used two overlap indexes. We assessed habitat selection by compositional analysis and analyzed events of spatio‐temporal proximity.

The average Brownian bridge kernel estimate of home range size was 3.41 km2 (0.92–7.9). Regarding home range establishment, five individuals showed resident behavior. Males (n = 4) had larger home ranges and were more active than females (n = 4). Despite the spatial overlap of home range (above 40% in four dyads), maximum temporal space sharing was 18%. Giant anteaters were found in proximity. Habitat selection favored savanna, and exotic timber plantation was always avoided. Roads and built‐up areas were selected secondarily at the landscape level.

The selection of anthropogenic sites denotes behavioral plasticity regarding modified habitats. However, the high selectivity for savanna, at all levels, demonstrates a high dependence on natural habitats, which provide the necessary resources for the species. The recurrent proximity of male–to‐female anteaters may indicate reproductive behavior, which is essential for maintaining this isolated population.
Modulation of the acute defence reaction by eplerenone prevents cardiac disease progression in viral myocarditis
Authors: Tschöpe Carsten , Van Linthout Sophie , Jäger Sebastian , Arndt Robert , Trippel Tobias , Müller Irene , Elsanhoury Ahmed , Rutschow Susanne , Anker Stefan D. , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter , Pauschinger Matthias , Spillmann Frank , Pappritz Kathleen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular (LV) dysfunction in viral myocarditis is attributed to myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, inducing acute and long‐time cardiac damage. Interventions are not established. On the basis of the link between inflammation, fibrosis, aldosterone, and extracellular matrix regulation, we aimed to investigate the effect of an early intervention with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) eplerenone on cardiac remodelling in a murine model of persistent coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced myocarditis.Methods and resultsSWR/J mice were infected with 5 × 104 plaque‐forming units of CVB3 (Nancy strain) and daily treated either with eplerenone (200 mg/kg body weight) or with placebo starting from Day 1. At Day 8 or 28 post infection, mice were haemodynamically characterized and subsequently sacrificed for immunohistological and molecular biology analyses. Eplerenone did not influence CVB3 load. Already at Day 8, 1.8‐fold (P < 0.05), 1.4‐fold (P < 0.05), 3.2‐fold (P < 0.01), and 2.1‐fold (P < 0.001) reduction in LV intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, presence of monocytes/macrophages, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, respectively, was observed in eplerenone‐treated vs. untreated CVB3‐infected mice. In vitro, eplerenone led to 1.4‐fold (P < 0.01) and 1.2‐fold (P < 0.01) less CVB3‐induced cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, collagen production was 1.1‐fold (P < 0.05) decreased in cardiac fibroblasts cultured with medium of eplerenone‐treated vs. untreated CVB3‐infected HL‐1 cardiomyocytes. These ameliorations were in vivo translated into prevention of cardiac fibrosis, as shown by 1.4‐fold (P < 0.01) and 2.1‐fold (P < 0.001) lower collagen content in the LV of eplerenone‐treated vs. untreated CVB3‐infected mice at Days 8 and 28, respectively. This resulted in an early and long‐lasting improvement of LV dimension and function, as indicated by reduced LV end‐systolic volume and end‐diastolic volume, and an increase in LV contractility (dP/dtmax) and LV relaxation (dP/dtmin), respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionsEarly intervention with the MRA eplerenone modulates the acute host and defence reaction and prevents cardiac disease progression in experimental CVB3‐induced myocarditis without aggravation of viral load. The findings advocate for an initiation of therapy of viral myocarditis as early as possible, even before the onset of inflammation‐induced myocardial dysfunction. This may also have implications for coronavirus disease‐19 therapy.
Electromagnetic bandgap structure and split ring slot‐based monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband applications with dual band notch characteristics
Authors: Bhatia Sumeet Singh , Sivia Jagtar Singh , Sharma Narinder , Sharma Vipul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReduced lightweight microstrip patch antennas have attracted considerable attention in ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications. In this article, a novel modified circular ultra‐wideband monopole antenna with dual‐band notch characteristics is proposed. A circular split‐ring slot and a mushroom‐electromagnetic bandgap‐type structure are employed to realize the dual‐band notch characteristics. The proposed antenna exhibits the bandwidth of 2.0‐12 GHz with a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio <2 except at the WiMAX band of 3.2‐3.7 GHz and wireless local area network band of 5.1‐5.8 GHz. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna, along with the design parameters, are reported and discussed in detail. The results show that the antenna is suitable for UWB applications.
On the small‐scale fractal geometrical structure of a living coral reef barrier
Authors: Sous Damien , Bouchette Frédéric , Doerflinger Erik , Meulé Samuel , Certain Raphael , Toulemonde Gwladys , Dubarbier Benjamin , Salvat Bernard 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe topographical complexity of coral reefs is of primary importance for a number of hydrodynamical and ecological processes. The present study is based on a series of high‐resolution seabottom elevation measurements along the Maupiti Barrier Reef, French Polynesia. Several statistical metrics and spectral analysis are used to characterize the spatial evolution of the coral geometrical structure from the reef crest to the backreef. A consistent fractal‐like power law exists in the spectral density of bottom elevation for length scales between 0.1 and 7 m, while at larger scale, the reef structure shows a different pattern. Such a fine characterization of the reef geometrical structure provides key elements to reconstruct the reef history, to improve the representation of reef roughness in hydrodynamical models and to monitor the evolution of coral reef systems in the context of global change. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual and triple tasks performance in institutionalized prefrail and frail older adults
Authors: Lorenzo‐López Laura , Campos‐Magdaleno María , López‐López Rocío , Facal David , Pereiro Arturo X. , Maseda Ana , Blanco‐Fandiño Julia , Millán‐Calenti José Carlos 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to investigate differences on dual‐ and triple‐task performance in institutionalized prefrail and frail older adults. Performance on these tasks is relevant since many activities of daily living involve simultaneous motor and cognitive tasks.MethodsWe used a phenotypic description of frailty based on the presence or absence of five criteria related to physical fitness and metabolism (unintentional weight loss, self‐reported exhaustion, muscle weakness, low gait speed, and low physical activity). Thirty‐three institutionalized older adults (≥ 65 years, 78.8% females) were divided according to their frailty status. Participants completed cognitive tasks (a phonemic verbal fluency task and a visuospatial tracking task) while cycling on a stationary cycle (upper‐ and lower‐extremity function was assessed). Cycling (number of arm and foot cycles) and cognitive (number of correct answers) performances were measured during single‐, dual‐, and triple‐task conditions. Performances and costs of dual ‐and triple‐ tasking on cycling and cognitive performances were compared between prefrail and frail groups.ResultsPrefrail and frail older adults did not differ in their performance in dual‐tasks; however, frail older adults showed a poorer performance in the triple‐task.ConclusionsAlthough future studies need to confirm our observations in larger samples, this pilot study suggests that developing new tools based on triple tasking could be useful for the comprehensive assessment of frailty.