bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carabid beetles of the environs of Lake Elton: fauna, population dynamics, demography
Authors: Makarov Kirill , Matalin Andrey 
Published: November 2020

The present paper includes the results of a year-round pitfall trapping survey of ground beetles in the region of Lake Elton, Volgograd Area, Russia. The main objectives of the project lie in studying the local fauna of Carabidae in the Lake Elton region, as well as their demographic structure and dispersal potential of the local populations of particular carabid species. A total of ten model habitats: six zonal (characteristic of that particular biogeographic area) and four azonal (present in a variety of biogeographical areas) were studied. In each model habitat, ten pitfall traps were set from 10 May 2006 until 10 May 2007 and were checked at 10-day intervals except for the period with negative temperatures (from 1 November 2006 until 31 March 2007). During the period of observation, 51,314 specimens of Carabidae, belonging to 149 species, were trapped. The resulting sampling-event dataset includes 24,291 plot-based observations (= sampling events), some of them containing zero records of particular species in a certain habitat and time.
This is the first sampling-event dataset of a year-round pitfall trapping survey (from May 2006 until May 2007) of ground-beetle communities and the demographic structure of local populations of particular species in the Lake Elton region, Volgograd Area, Russia.
Pupil Diameter in Patients With Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Martínez Javier , Burguera Noemi , Piñero David P. 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the distribution of pupil size in patients implanted with multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to assess the variations according to age.

METHODS:
A total of 168 eyes that had implantation of several multifocal IOLs and were measured at the 3-month follow-up visit were included in the analysis. The Keratograph 5M (Oculus Optikgeräte) was used to measure the photopic and mesopic pupil size, as well as the average between both (average pupil size). Eyes were stratified in four groups by age: 50 years or younger, 51 to 60 years, 61 to 70 years, and older than 70 years.

RESULTS:

Considering the total sample, 84.5% and 95.8% of eyes had a photopic pupil size of 3 and 3.5 mm or less, respectively. The mesopic pupil size was greater than 4.5 mm in 39.3% and greater than 5 mm in 16.7% of eyes. The average pupil size was 3.5 and 4 mm or less in 54.2% and 85.1% of eyes, respectively. Mesopic pupil size resulted in a steeper decrease with age than photopic pupil size: 0.028 versus 0.015 mm/year, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found among the four age groups (
P
< .0005). No significant mean differences were found between multifocal IOL models for photopic pupil size, mesopic pupil size, or average pupil size (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Eyes implanted with multifocal IOLs had a photopic pupil size of 3.5 mm or less and mesopic pupil size of 5 mm or less. Mesopic and photopic pupil size decreased 0.28 and 0.15 mm per decade, respectively. This information can help surgeons to understand the general functioning of multifocal IOLs whose performance varies with pupil size.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(11):750–756.]
Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Allogenic Lenticule Implantation for Corneal Ectasia After LASIK: A 3-Year In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Investigation
Authors: Li Meiyan , Wei Ruoyan , Yang Weiming , Shang Jianmin , Fu Dan , Xia Fei , Choi Joanne , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
To investigate morphological changes in the cornea and the implanted lenticule in patients with corneal ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and implantation using a lenticule from small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
Eight eyes of 8 patients with ectasia after LASIK from 2015 to 2018 at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan Unversity were analyzed. For recipient eyes, lenticules were transferred with a mean cryopreserved time of 20 ± 21 days extracted from SMILE donors to the exposed stromal bed after lifting the flaps and the flap was repositioned. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, and corneal topography were performed. Patients were followed up for 3 years. Changes in lenticules and recipient corneas were analyzed using in vivo confocal microscopy.

RESULTS:
Activated keratocytes in the anterior and posterior stroma were observed near the lenticule at the first 6 months. Elongated, deformed keratocyte nuclei were found in the implanted lenticules in postoperative year 1. The anterior and posterior interfaces showed an absence or decrease of keratocytes and the presence of small particles of varying brightness. Nerve fibers in the implanted lenticules were detected in one case. No obvious difference was detected between cryopreserved and fresh lenticules.

CONCLUSIONS:
The preliminary findings suggest that recipient keratocytes repopulate the lenticules and the keratocytes in lenticules gradually return to their normal morphology.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(11):714–722.]
A Coincident Thinning Index for Keratoconus Identification Using OCT Pachymetry and Epithelial Thickness Maps
Authors: Pavlatos Elias , Chen Shihao , Yang Yuli , Wang Qinmei , Huang David , Li Yan 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
To develop a coincident thinning (CTN) index to differentiate between keratoconic and healthy corneas using optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of pachymetry and epithelial thickness.

METHODS:
Pattern deviation maps of pachymetry and epithelial thickness were generated using Fourier-domain OCT images of the cornea. The co-localized thinning of the two maps was quantified using a novel CTN index, which was calculated from Gaussian fits of the regions of maximum relative thinning. The CTN index was validated using k-fold cross-validation, and its classification performance was compared to minimum pachymetry and maximum keratometry.

RESULTS:

A total of 82 normal eyes and 133 eyes within three groups of keratoconus severity were evaluated. The pattern deviation maps for the keratoconic eyes showed relative thinning that was larger in magnitude and more strongly correlated with the Gaussian function compared to normal eyes (all
P
< .01). The distance between the pachymetric and epithelial maximum relative thinning locations was significantly smaller for the keratoconic eyes than for the normal eyes (all
P
< .02). The CTN index was significantly larger for all three keratoconus groups compared to normal eyes (all
P
< .0001). The CTN index demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% in detecting manifest keratoconus, 100% for subclinical keratoconus, and 56% for forme fruste keratoconus. The overall classification accuracy was better for the CTN index (93%) than for minimum pachymetry (86%) and maximum keratometry (86%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The CTN index is a highly sensitive measure of coincident pachymetric and epithelial thinning. It provides valuable information for detecting and monitoring early to moderate keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(11):757–765.]
Mobile Applications, An Emerging Powerful Tool for Dyslexia Screening and Intervention: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Politi-Georgousi Stratigoula , Drigas Athanasios 
Published: November 2020

<p>Nowadays, mobile applications seem to play a vital role in both dyslexia screening and intervention, accumulating numerous assets and comforts in according to dyslexics’ needs and learning pace. Initial detection of students’ disabilities, followed by a corresponding intervention program were the best combination of actions in an attempt to any problem be confronted effectively. In our today’s society, mobile apps have been considered as an alternative approach for the success of these well-known key steps, as well. The aim of this literature review is to propose a great number of screening and treatment mobile applications for dyslexia. During the last decades these have been developed or have been implemented, focused on different aspects of dyslexia symptoms (reading, writing, mathematical difficulties, memory etc.) The studies are categorized into two sections, based on the purpose for which mobile applications are used at a time. The first part reflects a mobile app as a detection tool, while the second part presents it as intervention tool.</p>
Characteristics of COVID-19 at a non-COVID tertiary pulmonary care centre in Delhi, India
Authors: Goel Nitin , Spalgais Sonam , Mrigpuri Parul , Khanna Madhu , Menon Balakrishnan , Kumar Raj 
Published: November 2020

The pandemic of COVID-19 has emerged as a serious health crisis globally and India too has been extensively affected with 604,641 active cases reported, till date. The present study focuses on the demographic, clinical and laboratory profile of such patients from a tertiary level non-COVID respiratory care hospital. This is a retrospective observational study. Seventy-seven sick patients fulfilling COVID suspect criteria were admitted to the isolation area. Their RT-PCR test was done from the designated laboratory and 35 of them were confirmed to be COVID-19 patients. The detailed demographic, clinical and laboratory profile of these COVID-19 patients was studied. The mean age was 46±17 years with male predominance (57%). Majority of the cases (83%) were symptomatic. The most common symptom was cough (66%) followed by breathlessness and fever. Nineteen (54.3%) patients had one or the other co-morbidity and 16 (45.7%) had chronic lung diseases as one of the comorbidities. Nearly half of the patients (51%) required supplementary oxygen on presentation. Two patients were put on invasive mechanical ventilation while 4 patients required non-invasive ventilation before being shifted to the COVID hospital. Hence, it can be concluded that COVID-19 in patients of chronic respiratory diseases manifests with higher prevalence of symptoms and also higher severity of disease. Further, the symptomatology of COVID-19 closely mimics the acute exacerbation of chronic lung diseases, so cautious screening and testing should be done, especially at the pulmonary department.
PREVALENCE OF ENTEROHAEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7, SHIGA TOXIN GENES AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN AGED 0-5 YEARS WITH DIARRHOEA IN IBADAN, OYO STATE
Authors: Deji-Agboola Anotu Mopelola , Bamigbola Florence Adenike , Osinupebi Olubunmi Adetokunbo 
Published: November 2020

Diarrhoea is a predominant cause of childhood illness and death, Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) have increasingly been recognised as an important cause of diarrhea all over the world. This study investigates the prevalence, presence of shiga toxin (Stx) and antibiotic resistance of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 in children with diarrhoea. Stool samples collected from children less than five year with diarrhoea were cultured, bacteria isolated were identified and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed using standard methods. Entrohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 and Stx were screened using serology and Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. Structured questionnaires were administered to determine factors that predispose the children to diarrhoea. A total of 301/370 (81.4%) stool samples yielded bacterial growth, 261/301 (86.7%) were gram negative bacilli, 188/261 (72.0%) Escherichia coli, 163/188 (86.7%) were EHEC O157: H7. Out of the 5 EHEC O157:H7 only 2 possessed Stx genes, 1 have Stx 2 while the other have both Stx 1 and Stx 2 gene. Escherichia coli were resistant to Tetracycline 98.4%, Ampicillin 83.0%, Cefuroxime 76.5%, Augmentin 62.9% and Gentamycin 51.4%, all the EHEC O157:H7 were resistant to Tetracycline and Ampicillin. Diarrhoea in the children were significantly associated with hand wash after toilet, eating pastries, sources of drinking water and the educational level of parent/caretaker (p-values = 0.04, 0.00, 0.00 and 0.03 respectively). The presence of EHEC O157:H7 carrying Stx 1 and Stx 2 gene as well as resistant to all antibiotics tested is a pointer for more stringent and better screening for diarrhoea infections in children.
EFFECT OF AGENCY BANKING ON PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE BANKS IN KENYA
Authors: Ndirangu Eunice Wangari , Kiragu David , Ngunyi Antony , Shano Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of agency banking on performance of microfinance banks in Kenya
Materials and Methods: The study adopted positivism philosophy approach and descriptive research design was used. The study also used census survey. The target population was the thirteen Microfinance Banks regulated by the Central Bank of Kenya. The questionnaires were self-administered and primary data was collected from the thirteen regulated microfinance banks. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for preliminary analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to reduce the number of factors and Kaiser Mayer Olkin and Barlett’s test of Sphericity were tested and total variance explained, scree plot and rotated component matrix were drawn.
Findings: The descriptive statistics findings disclosed that agency banking has a positive effect on performance of MFBs. This was shown by 71.7% of the respondents were in agreement that agency banking influence the performance of MFBs. The findings showed that the relationship between agency and performance was p value was 0.018 and F test of 5.908 showing that the model was statistically significant for the data set. The coefficient table showed that the equation was Y = 2.680 + 0.355AGB. The findings denoted that agency banking has a moderate relationship with performance of MFBs. The MFBs are using agency banking to grow their businesses thus generating profits and capital gain.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that MFBs should open more agents especially in the rural areas to facilitate population access near services. In addition, the management team and the policy makers should ensure that policies are elaborated to protect the customers from fraud and also exploitation by the business owners due to higher transaction cost and the business operating the agents should be trained on fraud policies because it is affecting many customers. The government and the MFBs should ensure all those operating the agents are well trained on record keeping, managing of funds, and customer care.
PEMBUATAN MAKNA SEBAGAI PROSES PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK FORMASI IMAN
Authors: Sinaga Astri 
Published: November 2020

Pembuatan makna terkait erat dengan identitas dan keberadaan manusia karena keputusan-keputusan yang diambil seseorang adalah cerminan dari makna yang terbentuk dalam dirinya. Dalam iman Kristen, pembuatan makna tidak bisa lepas dari Kristus sendiri yang menyatakan diri-Nya sehingga manusia dapat menanggapi-Nya. Usaha merespons penyataan diri Kristus dan loyalitas terhadap kebenaran mutlak disebut human faith. Proses mengimani ini merupakan proses belajar yang di dalamnya seseorang melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas seperti mengingat, menggabungkan, menstruktur ulang dan kemudian menemukan makna yang baru. Karenanya, iman merupakan perspektif makna dalam diri seseorang yang perlu dikembangkan. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada pembuatan makna dalam diri seseorang akan membentuk formasi imannya melalui proses berpikir reflektif.
Manual de administración de riesgos y seguros agropecuarios
Authors: Magaña Magaña José Eduardo , Ramos Fragoso Ana Elisa , Villareal Ramírez Víctor Hugo , Morales Morales Hugo Armando , Licón Trillo Lorena Patricia 
Published: November 2020

Ante los fenómenos climatológicos y biológicos y fluctuaciones de precios en el mercado interno y externo, que afectan la economía de los productores agropecuarios, es necesario fomentar la cultura de aseguramiento para hacer frente a riesgos propios de la actividad. Por lo que es importante generar mayor conciencia entre los productores respecto a la necesidad de contar con seguros que les permitan estar protegidos ante eventualidades que puedan afectar su producción y patrimonio. Con la elaboración del Manual de administración de riesgos y seguros agropecuarios, que es el objetivo de este estudio, útil para estudiantes agrícolas de nivel profesional, contribuye con la difusión de información adecuada que permite a los productores tomar decisiones acerca de la contratación de un seguro que les brinde protección ante las eventualidades dañinas a las que se encuentran expuestas sus hectáreas de cultivo o su ganado, así como la posibilidad y/o viabilidad de contratar coberturas que les permitan reducir o eliminar el riesgo que se deriva de la fluctuación de precios de un producto. La Metodología utilizada para la elaboración del manual, es la que nos presenta la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, soportada por la guía para elaborar manuales de la Secretaría de la Contraloría General del Estado de Sonora, México. El resultado es un manual que muestra desde conceptos básicos relacionados con la administración de riesgos, opciones ofrecidas por las entidades pertinentes, tendencias en México, hasta el procedimiento para la contratación de seguros y/o coberturas.
Tindakan Sosial Pemuka Agama Islam Terhadap Keberadaan Transgender
Authors: Notarous Syahbudi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:
The phenomenon of transgender in society leads to bring some reactions as well as the cases that need to be handled attentively. This research focuses on the thought and the social actions of Islamic leaders toward the existence of transgender. In conducting this research, the researcher used a social actions theory proposed by Max Weber and applied Snowball technique to decide the informant by using key informant. Qualitative description method is used as the main tool and Surabaya, East Java is selected as the location to gain the data. The data was obtained by in-depth interviews then it was analyzed inductively. The result of this research showed that all the informants have similar thoughts about transgender. The transgender is known as people who have a biological abnormalities which is indicated by having two genitals. The existence of the transgender is usually caused by an external factor such as the influence of the social environment. In this research, the researcher acquired several varieties of data which relate to the motivation of the Islamic religious leaders giving treatment to the transgender. The first informant tends to be motivated by traditional actions, the second informant tends to be motivated by affective actions, the third informant tends to be motivated by the rationality of values while the fourth and fifth informants tend to be motivated by the rationality of instrumental actions.
Keyword: Social actions, Religious leaders of Islam, Transgender

Abstrak
Fenomena waria di masyarakat menimbulkan berbagai reaksi serta kasus yang perlu ditangani dengan serius. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemikiran dan tindakan sosial para pemuka agama Islam terhadap eksistensi waria. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teori tindakan sosial yang dikemukakan oleh Max Weber dan menerapkan teknik Snowball untuk menentukan informan dengan menggunakan informan kunci. Metode deskripsi kualitatif digunakan sebagai alat utama dan Surabaya, Jawa Timur dipilih sebagai lokasi untuk mendapatkan data. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam kemudian dianalisis secara induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua informan memiliki kesamaan pemikiran tentang waria. Waria dikenal sebagai orang yang memiliki kelainan biologis yang ditandai dengan kepemilikan dua alat kelamin. Keberadaan waria biasanya disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal seperti pengaruh lingkungan sosial. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti memperoleh berbagai macam data yang berhubungan dengan motivasi ulama dalam memperlakukan waria. Informan pertama cenderung termotivasi oleh tindakan tradisional, informan kedua cenderung termotivasi oleh tindakan afektif, informan ketiga cenderung termotivasi oleh rasionalitas nilai sedangkan informan keempat dan kelima cenderung termotivasi oleh rasionalitas tindakan instrumental.
Kata Kunci: Aksi Sosial, Pemuka agam Islam, Waria/Transgender
Maqasid Zakat dalam Mengentaskan Kemiskinan
Authors: Putra Trisno Wardi , Sofyan Andi Syathir , Mongkito Abdul Wahid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:
The focus of this research is discuss the role of zakat to alleviating poverty in zakat management organization of the Makassar City Amil Zakat Agency. This study uses qualitative research methods and is descriptive in nature, because it intends to describe clearly and in detail the phenomena that are the main problem without making hypotheses or statistical calculations. The results of the research show that the programs carried out by the National Amil Zakat Agency in Makasssar City in alleviating poverty are already very good, but there are still some obstacles faced, especially in terms of collecting zakat funds, so the distribution of zakat funds for mustahik welfare is still limited.
Keywords : Zakat, Poverty and BAZNAS

Abstrak :
Fokus penelitian ini adalah membahas tentang peran zakat dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan pada organisasi pengelolaan zakat Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan bersifat deskriptif, karena bermaksud menggambarkan secara jelas dan rinci fenomena yang menjadi pokok permasalahan tanpa melakukan hipotesis atau perhitungan secara statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program-program yang dilakukan Badan Amil Zakat Nasional Kota Makasssar dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan sudah sangat baik, namun masih ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi terutama dari segi penghimpunan dana zakat sehingga pendistribusian dana zakat untuk kesejahteraan mustahik masih bersifat terbatas.
Kata Kunci : Zakat, Kemiskinan dan BAZNAS