bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Second Stage of Labor and Anal Sphincter Injury in a Contemporary Cohort of Term Nulliparas
Authors: Naqvi Mariam , Jaffe Elana F. , Goldfarb Ilona T. , Bryant Allison S. , Wylie Blair J. , Kaimal Anjali J. 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to assess whether a prolonged second stage of labor is an independent predictor of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) in a contemporary cohort of nulliparous and term parturients, and to evaluate whether predelivery factors can accurately predict OASI.
Study Design This was a nested case-control study within a cohort of consecutive nulliparous term parturients with a singleton gestation who underwent a vaginal delivery at a single institution between January 2014 and January 2015. Cases were defined as women with a third- or fourth-degree laceration at the time of delivery, and controls were women without a third- or fourth-degree laceration. A prolonged second stage was defined as a second stage of ≥3 hours. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between prolonged second stage of labor and third- or fourth-degree lacerations. Receiver operator curves were developed to assess the predictive capacity of predelivery information for third- and fourth-degree lacerations.
Results Of 1,197 births, 63 women had third- or fourth-degree lacerations (5.3%). With each additional hour of the second stage, the rate of OASI increased, with 2.9% of women with a second stage of <1 hour with OASI, 3.5% between 1 and 2 hours, 5.7% between 2 and 3 hours, 7.8% between 3 and 4 hours, 16.1% between 4 and 5 hours, and 28.6% among women with a second stage length >5 hours (p < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, operative vaginal delivery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.17–11.07) and a prolonged second stage (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.06–3.51) were independent predictors of third- and fourth-degree lacerations. A predictive model was developed from these results (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68–0.81).
Conclusion Prolonged second stage of labor is a predictor of OASI, after adjustment for operative vaginal delivery. A model using predelivery risk factors has a reasonable prediction of OASI.
Key Points
Does Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy Have a Place in the Diagnosis of Unexplained Infertility?
Authors: Kamath Mohan S. , Rikken Judith F.W. , Bosteels Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe standard fertility workup includes assessment of ovulation, semen analysis, and evaluation of tubal patency. If the fertility workup is found to be normal, a diagnosis of unexplained infertility is made. The role of laparoscopy in fertility workup has been a matter of debate. The current review presents the evidence for and against laparoscopy and hysteroscopy during fertility workup and subsequently prior to fertility treatment. After appraising the literature, we found the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in fertility workup is limited and is dependent on factors like prevalence of pelvic infection, setting, and availability of expertise. Moreover, whenever a laparoscopy is planned as a part of the fertility workup, the preparation should include ability to carry out simultaneous therapeutic intervention to maximize the benefit. Similarly, the routine use of hysteroscopy in women with unexplained infertility cannot be recommended. There is a need to investigate the impact of choice of tubal test on chances of spontaneous conception and treatment outcomes in women with unexplained infertility. Our future research agenda should also include high-quality multicenter randomized trials assessing the cost-effectiveness of screening and operative hysteroscopy prior to intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilization.
Life cycle patterns of cognitive performance over the long run
Authors: Strittmatter Anthony , Sunde Uwe , Zegners Dainis 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Despite evidence for an increasing importance of cognitively demanding tasks in the workplace, little is known about the life cycle performance in such tasks, particularly over the long run. We estimate the life cycle patterns of cognitive performance over the past 125 y using a methodology that is based on the comparison of individual move-by-move performance of professional chess players relative to the best move suggested by a chess engine in a given configuration. The findings document a hump-shaped profile of performance over the life cycle and an increase in individual performance, particularly at younger ages, that is associated with dynamics across birth cohorts rather than over time.
Conservative and liberal attitudes drive polarized neural responses to political content
Authors: Leong Yuan Chang , Chen Janice , Willer Robb , Zaki Jamil 
Published: October 2020

SignificancePartisan biases in processing political information contribute to rising divisions in society. How do such biases arise in the brain? We measured the neural activity of participants watching videos related to immigration policy. Despite watching the same videos, conservative and liberal participants exhibited divergent neural responses. This “neural polarization” between groups occurred in a brain area associated with the interpretation of narrative content and intensified in response to language associated with risk, emotion, and morality. Furthermore, polarized neural responses predicted attitude change in response to the videos. These findings suggest that biased processing in the brain drives divergent interpretations of political information and subsequent attitude polarization.
Optical signatures of multifold fermions in the chiral topological semimetal CoSi
Authors: Xu Bing , Fang Zhenyao , Sánchez-Martínez Miguel-Ángel , Venderbos Jorn W. F. , Ni Zhuoliang , Qiu Tian , Manna Kaustuv , Wang Kefeng , Paglione Johnpierre , Bernhard Christian , Felser Claudia , Mele Eugene J. , Grushin Adolfo G. , Rappe Andrew M. , Wu Liang 
Published: October 2020

Significance
We present a comprehensive combined experimental and theoretical study of optical conductivity in the chiral topological semimetal CoSi based on the development of high-quality crystals. We reveal the presence and the energy range of various exotic multifold quasiparticles in the optical responses and provide experimental evidence for the realization of fourfold spin-3/2 fermions, which were not directly observed previously. Our work is critical to interpreting future optical and transport responses of multifold fermion materials. We believe the methods used in this work will not only stimulate future research in this class of materials but will also provide a strategy for addressing optical signatures of chiral topological fermions in solids.
A 3D-printed molecular ferroelectric metamaterial
Authors: Hu Yong , Guo Zipeng , Ragonese Andrew , Zhu Taishan , Khuje Saurabh , Li Changning , Grossman Jeffrey C. , Zhou Chi , Nouh Mostafa , Ren Shenqiang 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Molecular ferroelectrics, which show the ability to switch the electromechanical activity by an external electric field, establish the basis for mechanical metamaterial technologies. Despite their theoretical promise, such mechanical metamaterials remain hindered by the lack of adaptive stimuli-responsive materials which can be effectively tuned “on demand” across time and length scales. Here, we unravel a printable mechanical metamaterial of imidazolium perchlorate with superior electromechanical coupling and reprogrammable stiffness. We propose a continuous rapid three-dimensional (3D) printing technique which can reduce the manufacturing time of ferroelectrics from hours down to minutes. The printed molecular ferroelectric metamaterial structure is then shown to enable a tunable-frequency vibration-isolating architecture. This study paves the way for rationally designed 3D-printable molecular ferroelectric metamaterials.
Polymerase δ promotes chromosomal rearrangements and imprecise double-strand break repair
Authors: Layer Jacob V. , Debaize Lydie , Van Scoyk Alexandria , House Nealia C. , Brown Alexander J. , Liu Yunpeng , Stevenson Kristen E. , Hemann Michael , Roberts Steven A. , Price Brendan D. , Weinstock David M. , Day Tovah A. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
We identify the replicative polymerase polymerase δ (Pol δ) as a promoter of aberrant DNA double-strand break end-joining events in human cells, including chromosomal translocations between targeted double-strand breaks. These studies identify a previously unknown role for Pol δ in human cells of multiple lineages and suggest a mechanism of Pol δ-dependent mutagenesis.
Transcriptional and proteomic insights into the host response in fatal COVID-19 cases
Authors: Wu Meng , Chen Yaobing , Xia Han , Wang Changli , Tan Chin Yee , Cai Xunhui , Liu Yufeng , Ji Fenghu , Xiong Peng , Liu Ran , Guan Yuanlin , Duan Yaqi , Kuang Dong , Xu Sanpeng , Cai Hanghang , Xia Qin , Yang Dehua , Wang Ming-Wei , Chiu Isaac M. , Cheng Chao , Ahern Philip P. , Liu Liang , Wang Guoping , Surana Neeraj K. , Xia Tian , Kasper Dennis L. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Although the overwhelming majority of COVID-19-related deaths are due to respiratory failure, little is known about the host response to SARS-CoV-2 in lung parenchyma. By profiling the lung and colon transcriptome and lung proteome of nine patients who died of COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in Wuhan, China, we obtained molecular insights into the host response to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, all samples had a low viral burden, a finding that suggests the patients’ deaths may be due to uncontrolled host inflammatory processes rather than an active viral infection. Taken together, our findings shed light on COVID-19 pathophysiology and offer potential therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19 disease.
A predictive model for electrostatic energy harvesters with impact-based frequency up-conversion
Authors: Li Jinglun , Tichy John , Borca-Tasciuc Diana-Andra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper reports a predictive model for vibration-to-electrical energy harvesters based on an in-plane, gap-closing variable capacitor with frequency up-conversion triggered by the impact between the electrodes. Since the output power is proportional to the output frequency, rectifying low-frequency ambient vibrations (1–50 Hz) to high-frequency electrical signals (200–600 Hz) increases the power output. While such a device has been previously reported experimentally, this is the first time a model able to predict the experimental data has been described. The model is based on lumped approximation. The central area supporting the mobile electrodes, or the shuttle mass, is represented by a point mass suspended by springs and has its own equation of motion. The motion of the electrodes attached to the shuttle is described by a set of two equations, each associated with a distinct dynamic mode. In these equations, the electrodes are represented by an equivalent mass and spring constant. The first equation describes the separate motion of mobile and fixed electrodes. In this mode, the electrodes experience damped free vibration due to the electrostatic and air damping between them. The second equation describes the combined motion when the two set of electrodes move together. In this mode the air damping forces between the collided electrodes is eliminated and the electrostatic force is kept constant. The motion equations are solved simultaneously with Kirchhoff’s law to compute the voltage drop across a resistor in series with the variable capacitor and a DC bias voltage source. Predictions are shown to be consistent with the experimental results, and frequency up-conversion effects are observed with exponentially decaying voltage amplitude as seen in experiments. A parametric study is also carried out to identify main parameters that affect the up-conversion, laying the foundation for future design optimization to maximize the power output.
Photoelectron spectra and angular distribution in sequential two-photon double ionization in the region of autoionizing resonances of ArII and KrII
Authors: Kiselev M D , Carpeggiani P A , Gryzlova E V , Burkov S M , Reduzzi M , Dubrouil A , Faccialá D , Negro M , Ueda K , Frassetto F , Stienkemeier F , Ovcharenko Y , Meyer M , Di Fraia M , Plekan O , Prince K C , Callegari C , Sansone G , Grum-Grzhimailo A N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Autoionizing hole states with electron configuration nsnp5
mp are studied in Ar+ and Kr+. Total and partial photoionization cross sections, photoelectron spectra and photoelectron angular distributions in the region of the resonances are obtained theoretically in extensive R-matrix calculations. The states of Ar+ are observed by means of excitation by a free-electron laser operating in the vacuum- and extreme-ultraviolet wavelength regime combined with angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Fine tuning of the photon energy allows scanning of the resonances and the observation of the shape of the partial cross section ratio, as well as the asymmetry parameter of the angular distribution of the photoelectrons. The calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Aluminum oxides as alternative building blocks for efficient layer-by-layer blocking layers in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Nascimento Lucas L , Brussasco Jessica G , Garcia Igor A , Paula Leonardo F , Polo A S , Patrocinio Antonio Otavio T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
All inorganic layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films composed by TiO2 nanoparticles and [Al(OH)4]− anions (TiO

2

/AlO

x
) as well as Al2O3 and Nb2O5 nanoparticles (Al

2

O

3

/Nb

2

O

5
) have been deposited to fluorine-doped tin-oxide coated glass (FTO) surfaces and applied as blocking layers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Structural and morphological characterization of the LbL films by different techniques reveal that in TiO

2

/AlO

x
assembly, aluminate anions undergo condensation reactions on the TiO2 surface leading to the formation of highly homogeneous films with unique optical properties. After 25 depositions transmittance losses below 10% in relation to the bare FTO substrate are observed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that TiO

2

/AlO

x
layers impose an effective barrier for the charge recombination at FTO/electrolyte interface with an electron exchange time constant 50-fold higher than that for bare FTO. As a result, an improvement of 85% in the overall conversion efficiency of DSCs was observed with the employment of TiO2/AlOx blocking layers. Al

2

O

3

/Nb

2

O

5
LbL films can also work as blocking layers in DSCs but not as efficient, which is associated with the poor homogeneity of the film and its capacitive behavior. The production of cost-effective blocking layers with a low light scattering in the visible region is an important feature toward the application of DSC in other Building-integrated photovoltaic applications.
Instability induced by exchange forces in a 2D electron gas in a magnetic field with uniform gradient
Authors: Hoodbhoy Pervez 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The exchange interaction is investigated theoretically for electrons confined to a 2D sample placed in a linearly varying magnetic field perpendicular to the plane. Unusual and interesting behavior is predicted: starting from zero electrons, as one adds electrons to the system the maximum distance an electron can travel transverse to the B

z
= 0 line (i.e. the system’s width) increases continuously but this width will subsequently begin shrinking at some critical number. However this collapse will be reversed as the number crosses another critical value, which we estimate here. For electron parameters typical for two dimensional electron gases, the instability could be observable at sufficiently low electron densities. A Hartree Fock equation is derived. We also show that in an appropriate asymptotic limit this leads to an approximately local potential. One key lesson is that the exchange interaction is large and cannot be reasonably excluded from any valid theoretical investigation.
Helping to know if you are properly protected while working in interventional cardiology
Authors: Vano E , RM Sanchez Casanueva , JM Fernandez Soto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Occupational protection is still a challenge for interventional cardiology. One of the main problems is the occasional improper use of the ceiling suspended screen. We present a methodology to audit the correct use of the shielding using active electronic dosimeters. To improve the protection, we suggest the use of an alert based on the ratio between the occupational dose per procedure, measured by a personal electronic dosimeter over the lead apron, and the dose measured by an unshielded dosimeter, located at the C-arm. The new electronic dosimeters and the automatic dose management systems allow processing the dosimetric data for individual procedures and for the radiation events, sending the values (wireless) to a central database. We selected six interventional cardiologists and analysed 385 interventional procedures involving about 30 000 radiation events. Our results suggest that for individual procedures, standard values of the ratio between operator dose and the C-arm reference dose, should be between 1%–2% for a proper use of the shielding. Percentage values ≥5%–10% for individual procedures, require an analysis of the different radiation events to identify the lack of occupational protection and suggest corrective actions. In our sample, half of the operators should improve the use of the shielding in around 20% of the procedures. Using this ratio as an alert to operators allows optimising occupational radiation protection and discriminating between high occupational doses derived from complex procedures and high doses due to the improper use of the protective screen.
Characterisation of the combustion behaviours of individual pulverised coal particles entrained by air using image processing techniques
Authors: Qian Xiangchen , Li Fengjie , Yan Yong , Lu Gang , Liu Hao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The combustion characteristics of individual coal particles are the basis for a deep understanding of the macroscopic pulverised coal combustion in power plant boilers. This work proposes a quantitative method to characterise the combustion behaviours of individual pulverised coal particles by measuring a set of physical parameters from digital images of the particles. The combustion process of pulverised particles of bituminous coal in a visual drop tube furnace was recorded by a high-speed camera with a frame rate of 6200 frames per second. An improved-Canny algorithm was developed to extract the combustion zones of a coal particle in both the volatile and char combustion phases. Using the improved-Canny and Otsu algorithms, the unburned part of the particle was identified in the volatile combustion phase. Characteristic parameters of coal particles, including the area, brightness, length, width and aspect ratio of volatile flame, and falling velocity, were derived from the processed images. The results obtained show that the volatile and char combustion took place successively and the volatile matter was combusted almost as soon as it was released. The particle travelled upward for around 14 ms during the early stage of combustion due to the influence of devolatilisation and volatile combustion. The particle also exhibited a slight difference in the rotation frequency at different combustion phases.
Modeling evolution of composition patterns in a binary surface alloy
Authors: Khenner Mikhail , Henner Victor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Evolution of composition patterns in the annealed, single-crystal surface alloy film is considered in the presence of the spinodal decomposition, the compositional stress and the diffusion anisotropy. While the former two effects contribute to overall phase separation, the anisotropy, correlated with the surface crystallographic orientation, guides the in-plane formation and orientation of a pattern. The impacts of the anisotropy parameters on patterns are systematically computed for [110], [100], and [111]-oriented fcc cubic alloy surfaces.
Rigorous justification of the hydrostatic approximation for the primitive equations by scaled Navier–Stokes equations*
Authors: Furukawa Ken , Giga Yoshikazu , Hieber Matthias , Hussein Amru , Kashiwabara Takahito , Wrona Marc 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Considering the anisotropic Navier–Stokes equations as well as the primitive equations, it is shown that the horizontal velocity of the solution to the anisotropic Navier–Stokes equations in a cylindrical domain of height ɛ with initial data

u

0

=

(

v

0

,

w

0

)

∈

B

q
,
p

2
−
2
/
p

, 1/q + 1/p ⩽ 1 if q ⩾ 2 and 4/3q + 2/3p ⩽ 1 if q ⩽ 2, converges as ɛ → 0 with convergence rate

O

(

ε

)

to the horizontal velocity of the solution to the primitive equations with initial data v
0 with respect to the maximal-L

p
–L

q
-regularity norm. Since the difference of the corresponding vertical velocities remains bounded with respect to that norm, the convergence result yields a rigorous justification of the hydrostatic approximation in the primitive equations in this setting. It generalizes in particular a result by Li and Titi for the L
2–L
2-setting. The approach presented here does not rely on second order energy estimates but on maximal L

p
–L

q
-estimates which allow us to conclude that local in-time convergence already implies global in-time convergence, where moreover the convergence rate is independent of p and q.
Typical properties of interval maps preserving the Lebesgue measure
*
Authors: Bobok Jozef , Troubetzkoy Serge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider the class of the continuous functions from [0, 1] into itself which preserve the Lebesgue measure. This class endowed with the uniform metric constitutes a complete metric space. We investigate the dynamical properties of typical maps from the space.
Limit theorems for some time-dependent expanding dynamical systems
Authors: Hafouta Yeor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper we will prove various probabilistic limit theorems for some classes of distance expanding sequential dynamical systems (SDS). Our starting point here is certain sequential complex Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius (RPF) theorems which were (essentially) proved by Hafouta and Kifer (2018 Nonconventional Limit Theorems and Random Dynamics) and Hafouta (2019 arXiv:1910.12792) using contraction properties of a complex version of the projective Hilbert metric developed by Rugh (2010 Ann. Math.
171 1707–52). We will start from the growth rate of the variances of the underlying partial sums. This is well understood in the random dynamics setup, when the maps are stationary, but not in the SDS setup, where various growth rates can occur. Some of our results in this direction rely on certain type of stability in these RPF theorems, which is one of the novelties of this paper. Then we will provide general conditions for several classical limit theorems to hold true in the sequential setup. Some of our general results mostly have applications for composition of random non-stationary maps, while the conditions of the other results hold true for general type of SDS. In the latter setup, results such as the Berry–Esseén theorem and the local central limit theorem were not obtained so far even for independent but not identically distributed maps, which is a particular case of the setup considered in this paper.