bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Fasting Blood Glucose Level of Undergraduates in Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: Sedodo Nupo Sunday , Abosede Olunusi Patience , Ilori O. A. , Adenekan M. K. , Idowu Ojo Mariam , Nupo A. O. , Akinlotan J. V. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) is a condition where Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) is above normal but not high enough to be considered diabetic. Impaired fasting glucose is linked with many co-morbid diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The study assessed the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose concentration among undergraduates in Ogun state South-West Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A purposive sampling technique was used to select three hundred undergraduate students willing and ready participant. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-economic information of the undergraduates. Fasting blood glucose, weight, height and blood pressure were determined using glucometer, weighing scale, height meter and sphygmomanometer respectively.
Results: The result of the study showed that the prevalence of IFG among undergraduate in South West Nigeria was 11.0% (n=33) of total participants. A higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was found with females than males. Body mass index of the subject reviewed that (11.0%, n=33) were underweight, (61.0%, n=183) had normal weight, (27.3%, n=82) were overweight and (0.7%, n=2) were obese.
Conclusion: In conclusion, some of the participants had abnormal FBG (11%, n=33). Nutritional program/workshop should be organized by the institutions to enable undergraduates make a healthy, responsible lifestyle choices and consume a well-balanced diet.
Family Domestic Violence: Impact on Children in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mwandu Mwenso , Thankian Kusanthan , Menon Gaurav B. , Mwaba Sidney O. C. , Menon J. Anitha 
Published: September 2020

Aim: To explore the experiences of children exposed to domestic violence in Lusaka District, Zambia.
Study Design: A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted for this study.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study took place in Lusaka district over a period of 8 months. The study population included domestic violence survivor children and their parents. The study sample consisted of fifty-two participants divided into thirty children (boys and girls), sixteen parents or guardians, and six key informants. Data was collected using detailed interviews with children and key informants, while focus group discussions were conducted with the parents or guardians.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that children were exposed to different forms of domestic violence including physical abuse, emotional (verbal) abuse, and economic abuse. The children were both witnesses and victims of domestic violence. The study also revealed that exposure to violence had negative effects on the children such as physical injury, fear and anxiety, loss of confidence and self-esteem, academic under performance, guilt and shame, and poor relationships with peers and parents.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Domestic violence is still prevalent in Lusaka District and has negative long-term effects on children who witness it and are victimised by it. Interventions are necessary to address the size, nature, and complexity of the problem. It is recommended that professionals who have regular contact with families and children, including teachers, child care workers, health and mental health care providers, law enforcement officers, child welfare workers, and court officials should receive ongoing training on domestic violence and its impact on children, and necessary interventions to combat it.
Effective Management of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha): Prevailing Research Trends in Bangladesh
Authors: Golam Mustafa Md. 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The purpose of this review is to support widely accepted knowledge based effective management of Hilsa shad populations through smart decisions.
Study Design: Literature review of the population dynamics based studies along with the relevant papers of Hilsa shad fishery management in Bangladesh. Thus, accurate estimations of population size, growth parameters, mortalities and exploitation rates are critical for success.
Place and Duration of Study: The literature review and other relevant documents are based in the coastal and riverine areas of Bangladesh during last three decades.
Methodology: The review mainly included research findings on the catch and population dynamics of Hilsa shad in the riverine and coastal habitats of Bangladesh. This review comprised of published results on asymptotic length (Lµ), growth co-efficient (K), Growth performance index (ф’), mortality rates (natural-M, fishing-F and total-Z), exploitation rates (E), gear selectivity (Lc), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), standing stock or steady state biomass (SSB), average weight/length and length-weight relationship parameters.
Results: The asymptotic length, growth co-efficient and growth performance index were varied from 51.5 to 65.6cm, 0.51 to 0.99 and 3.14 to 3.55 respectively. The variation of growth range was appeared from 21.19 – 37.69, 33.66 – 51.69, 41.0 – 56.89, 45.32 – 59.09, 47.86 – 60.79 and 49.36 – 62.52 cm at the end of age 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years respectively. Simultaneously, natural, fishing and total mortality were varied from 0.89 to 1.52, 0.45 to 3.45 and 1.68 to 4.9 respectively. The exploitation rates were varied between 0.27 and 0.70, and the length at first capture were differs to be 39.24 to 57.65% of the mean asymptotic length. The overall mean length and weight value equal to 34.0±2.67cm and 540±120gm respectively. While the majority of the research papers (90%) indicated, overfishing, the annual catch of the species shows an increasing trend of 10,038 tons per year (R2=0.81) between financial year 1989-90 and 2018-19. The estimated MSY varied from 162396 to 283597, 283597 to 404798 and 404798 to 526000 tons from 60%, 30% and 10% studies respectively. The mean MSY value equal to 282174 ±100530 tons. Besides, three case studies showed deviations, inclusion of hypothesis based results and analytical gap. Thus, through the continual publication process the absolute unclear results maybe adjust or accepts in the national policy, including SDG-14s.
Conclusions: The study indicated that the importance of science excellence, precise assessment and accurate estimation of the status of the fish stocks is vital for sustainable management of a fishery. Thus, the technical investigations need experience to analyze, predict results and produce fisheries management related suggestions, which is highly correlated to national or regional resource management decision.
Parenting Intervention Method in Improving Parenting Skills as a Reference in Reproductive Health Education in Families
Authors: Rimawati Eti , Isworo Slamet 
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives: The problem of reproductive health is not limited to adolescents, but it has shifted to early childhood. Parenting skill has an important role in shaping risky sexual behaviours. Some programs in improving communication and parenting self-efficacy are not effective enough to change those risky behaviours in children and adolescents. This study aims to describe the methods of an educational parenting intervention to improve parenting skills as a reference in reproductive health education in the family.
Methodology: The review process did not strictly follow the flow of the systematic review. The data have manually selected through some stages including selection, search, extraction, and analysis. The keyword in data search is a combination of parenting intervention (mother and father), sex education, reproductive health, and community-based programs.
Results: In improving parenting skills some methods used including special education and training programs for parents like optimizing the use of internet, photo voice, games, focused group discussion (FGD), and observation.
Conclusions: Structured programs of two-to-three-hour sessions found to be very effective.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Anacardium occidentale and Psidium guajava Methanolic Leaf Extracts
Authors: Omotayo Mutiat Adetayo , Avungbeto Mary Oluwatoyin , Eleyowo Oluwole Olusoji 
Published: September 2020

Aim: This study evaluates the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Anacardium occidentale and Psidium guajava methanolic leaf extracts.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Pure and Applied Science, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos- Nigeria for the period of three months between August and October 2015.
Methodology: Lycophene and β-carotene was assessed using the method of Nagata and Yamashita while total phenolic and total flavonoid content was assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar well diffusion technique and mode of action was evaluated by studying the leakage of UV260 and UV280 absorbing materials spectrophotometrically.
Results: A. occidentale and P. guajava methanolic leaf extracts evaluated in this study possessed significant amount of antioxidant compounds lycophene, β-carotene, total phenol and flavonoids. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals in a dose dependent pattern with IC50 of 47.45, 43.49, 41.46 and 27.21 μg/mL for A. occidentale, P. guajava, vitamin C and Gallic acid respectively. Also, the plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. auraginosa and C. albicans and disrupted microbial membrane evident in the increase in absorbance values of UV260 and UV280 absorbing materials with time.
Conclusion: A. occidentale and P. guajava methanolic leaf extracts possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and serve as potential source of drugs.
An Evaluation of the Attitudes and Beliefs of Physicians and Pharmacists towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine Based on CAMBI and another Instrument
Authors: Tyrell Ede , Jeeboo Karishma , Carter Jewel Edmonson- , Thomas Troy , Kurup Rajini 
Published: September 2020

Aims: To investigate the attitudes and beliefs of physicians and pharmacists towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) using two instruments: the Complementary and Alternative Belief Inventory (CAMBI) and the Attitudes to Alternative Medicine.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of registered physicians and pharmacists attending their conferences or Continuing Pharmacy Education (CPE) sessions in Guyana.
Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacists attending their first CPE for 2015 and physicians at their annual Medical Conference participated.
Methodology: A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used and 274 persons (140 physicians and 134 pharmacists) participated. One section of the questionnaire, utilised the CAMBI to measure three constructs: beliefs in holistic health, natural treatments, and participation in treatment. The other section focused on attitudes to Alternative Medicine. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and structural equations modelling were employed in the analysis of the data.
Results: For the CAMBI, a final model was obtained following the removal of several items that lacked validity and statistical significance. Most of the participants (56%) were 20-30 years old and most (52%) of them had 5 years or less professional experience. Overall, the participants were not closed to the use of CAM but there was some scepticism. Physicians believed more strongly in holistic health than pharmacists, but the latter group showed a more positive attitude to involvement in the CAM environment. Attitudes were not affected by age nor area of practice but were influenced by profession, gender, ethnicity, years of professional service and whether or not they attended the local university.
Conclusion: The CAMBI performed poorly and would have to be revised to suit the local context in future studies. Overall, most participants had some reservations about CAM. Emphasis on holistic health and CAM should be prioritised in any training at the undergraduate level or any continuing education sessions.
Psychogenic paranoid psychosis: an empirical study
Authors: Vicente N , Ochoa E , Rios B 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe present study was aimed at assessing the psychopathological manifestations, stress factors, evolution and social adaptation of 29 patients diagnosed with psychogenic paranoid psychosis. This syndrome is seen as an entity in itself, and is closely related to trigger factors; stability in the symptomatology of each relapse; favourable response to treatment; tendency to relapse, and recovery of the previous level of functioning.
An exploratory study of the effects of supplier relationships on new product development outcomes
Authors: Primo Marcos A.M , Amundson Susan D 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe literature about the influence of suppliers on new product development (NPD) project outcomes shows mixed results. Focusing on supplier relationships, especially the concept of supplier involvement, we present a two‐stage model explaining supplier relationships and their impacts on product quality, project development time and project cost. The level of supplier involvement on the NPD project is seen as contingent on the level of technical difficulty of the project. This model is tested using secondary survey data.
Managing radical product development in large manufacturing firms: a longitudinal study
Authors: McDermott Christopher M 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study explores and documents the processes by which large manufacturing firms develop and produce radical products. Seven projects from five Fortune 500 firms were analyzed over a 3‐year period. Through the use of these case studies, we found common themes emerging in the way these firms manage their new product development (NPD) process in this turbulent environment. Our observations suggest that these high levels of uncertainty result in several unique challenges in developing the project, especially in the areas of managing functional integration and finding a divisional home for the emerging product.
Clozapine effectiveness in a psychiatric service in Italy
Authors: Berardi D , Troia M , Dell'Atti M , Bartoletti C , Cantaroni C , Ferrari G 
Published: July 2002

SummaryClozapine was administered to 28 resistant schizophrenics at psychiatric services in Bologna. At 26 weeks 62% responded. Positive and negative symptoms improved, but decrease of negative symptoms partially depended upon improvement of positive and EPS. No cases of agranulocytosis were seen. Some drop-outs were related to difficulties with psychopathological improvement.
Bupropion SR as an aid to smoking cessation in smokers treated previously with bupropion: A randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Gonzales David H. , Nides Mitchell A. , Ferry Linda H. , Kustra Robert P. , Jamerson Brenda D. , Segall Nathan , Herrero Luis A. , Krishen Alok , Sweeney Addison , Buaron Kathleen , Metz Alan 
Published: July 2002

BackgroundMany persons who attempt to quit smoking have made previous unsuccessful attempts to quit with pharmacologic aids. An understanding of the impact of these previous attempts to quit is vital for selecting medications that may be more successful in a future attempt to quit. In particular, the effect of repeated use of bupropion SR (Zyban; INN, amfebutamone) on abstinence rates has not been studied previously.MethodsThis was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in 450 smokers who had previously used bupropion in a smoking cessation attempt. The study consisted of a screening phase, a 12‐week treatment phase, and a follow‐up at month 6. Participants made regular clinic visits throughout the treatment phase during which they received brief counseling sessions to encourage abstinence from smoking. The primary end point was continuous abstinence from smoking from weeks 4 through 7. Secondary efficacy end points were examined throughout the treatment phase and at follow‐up after 6 months.ResultsIn participants receiving bupropion SR, 27% (61 of 226) remained abstinent throughout the period from weeks 4 through 7 compared with 5% (11 of 224) of participants receiving placebo (P < .001). Significantly (P < .001) more participants who received bupropion SR during the treatment phase remained continuously abstinent from the start of week 4 through month 6 (27 of 226; 12%) compared with participants who received placebo (5 of 224; 2%). Eleven participants receiving placebo (5%) and 19 participants receiving bupropion SR (8%) stopped taking the study medication because of an adverse event.ConclusionsBupropion SR is an effective medication for retreatment of smokers who have used bupropion SR previously.Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 438–444; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115750
Impact of computed tomography (CT) reconstruction kernels on radiotherapy dose calculation
Authors: Vergalasova Irina , McKenna Michael , Yue Ning Jeff , Reyhan Meral 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo quantitatively evaluate the effect of computed tomography (CT) reconstruction kernels on various dose calculation algorithms with heterogeneity correction.MethodsThe gammex electron density (ED) Phantom was scanned with the Siemens PET/CT Biograph20 mCT and reconstructed with twelve different kernel options. Hounsfield unit (HU) vs electron density (ED) curves were generated to compare absolute differences. Scans were repeated under head and pelvis protocols and reconstructed per H40s (head) and B40s (pelvis) kernels. In addition, raw data from a full‐body patient scan were also reconstructed using the four B kernels. Per reconstruction, photon (3D and VMAT), electron (18 and 20 MeV) and proton (single field) treatment plans were generated using Varian Eclipse dose calculation algorithms. Photon and electron plans were also simulated to pass through cortical bone vs liver plugs of the phantom for kernel comparison. Treatment field monitor units (MU) and isodose volumes were compared across all scenarios.ResultsThe twelve kernels resulted in minor differences in HU, except at the extreme ends of the density curve with a maximum absolute difference of 55.2 HU. The head and pelvis scans of the phantom resulted in absolute HU differences of up to 49.1 HU for cortical bone and 45.1 HU for lung 300, which is a relative difference of 4.1% and 6.2%, respectively. MU comparisons across photon and proton calculation algorithms for the patient and phantom scans were within 1–2 MU, with a maximum difference of 5.4 MU found for the 20 MeV electron plan. The 20MeV electron plan also displayed maximum differences in isodose volumes of 20.4 cc for V90%.ConclusionClinically insignificant differences were found among the various kernel generated plans for photon and proton plans calculated on patient and phantom scan data. However, differences in isodose volumes found for higher energy electron plans amongst the kernels may have clinical implications for prescribing dose to an isodose level.
Stability of daily rectal movement and effectiveness of replanning protocols for sparing rectal doses based on the daily CT images during proton treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Maeda Yoshikazu , Sato Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Tamamura Hiroyasu , Sasaki Makoto , Fuwa Nobukazu , Takamatsu Shigeyuki , Kume Kyo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the optimal period of replanning to spare the rectal dose by investigating daily rectal movements during computed tomography (CT) image‐guided proton therapy for prostate cancer.Materials and methodsTo evaluate the optimum reference period for replanning, we analyzed 1483 sets of daily CT (dCT) images acquired from 40 prostate cancer patients and measured the daily rectal movement along the anterior–posterior direction based on the simulator CT (sCT) images and dCT images. We calculated daily dose distributions based on initial plans on the sCT images and replans on the dCT images for 13 representative patients, and evaluated daily dose volume histograms (DVHs) for the prostate, seminal vesicles, and rectum.ResultsThe rectal anterior side on the dCT images around the seminal vesicles largely deviated toward the anterior side relative to the position on the reference sCT images, but the deviation decreased by referring to the dCT images and became nearly zero when we referred to the dCT images after 10‐day treatment. The daily DVH values for the prostate showed good dose coverage. For six patients showing rectal movement toward the anterior side, the daily rectal DVH (V77%) showed a 3.0 ± 1.7 cc excess from the initial plan and this excess was correlated with 9.9 ± 6.8 mm rectal movement. To identify the patients (37.5% in total) for whom the replanning on the 10th‐day and 20th‐day CT images reduced the V77% excess to 0.4 ± 1.5 cc and −0.2 ± 1.3 cc, respectively, we evaluated the accumulated mean doses with a 1.2 cc criterion.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that the daily movement of the rectal anterior side tends to move toward the anterior side, which results in a rectal overdose, and the mean of the movement gradually decreases with the passage of days. In such cases, replanning with the reference CT after 10 days is effective to spare the rectal dose.
Entropy‐stabilized metal‐CeOx solid solutions for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Shu Yuan , Bao Jiafeng , Yang Shize , Duan Xiaolan , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoped Ceria with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibits enhanced performance in heterogeneous oxidation. In principle, doping 50 mol% divalent cations (such as: Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) into CeO2 lattice would produce an exceptional catalyst with maximum active oxygen species. However, the huge size gap between Ce (IV) and divalent metal cations obstructs its synthesis. Here, we utilize the theory of increasing configurational entropy with five metal dopants to lower the Gibbs‐free energy, and successfully incorporate 50 mol% divalent metal cations into CeO2 lattice. This unique doping environment endows Ce0.5Zn0.1Co0.1Mg0.1Ni0.1Cu0.1Ox two features: (a) Abundant active oxygen species for excellent performance in volatile organic compounds catalytic oxidation; (b) Bring multi reactive sites, which enable the simultaneous combustion of carbon monoxide, propylene and toluene. Moreover, the increased entropy value makes Ce0.5Zn0.1Co0.1Mg0.1Ni0.1Cu0.1Ox an ultra‐stable catalyst in both thermal and hydrothermal conditions (e.g., Working >200 hr in water‐resistance experiment).