bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalisation patterns of patients with interstitial lung disease in the light of comorbidities and medical treatment – a German claims data analysis
Authors: Wälscher Julia , Witt Sabine , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Kreuter Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of mainly chronic lung diseases differing in disease course and prognosis. For most subtypes, evidence on relevance and outcomes of hospitalisations is lacking.

Methods
Using German claims data we investigated number of hospitalisations (zero-inflated-negative-binomial models providing rate ratios (RR)) and time to first hospitalisation (Cox proportional-hazard models providing hazard ratios (RR)) for nine ILD-subtypes. Models were stratified by ILD-related and non-ILD-related hospitalisations. We adjusted for age, gender, ILD-subtype, ILD-relevant comorbidities and ILD-medication (immunosuppressive drugs, steroids, anti-fibrotic drugs).

Results
Among 36,816 ILD-patients (mean age 64.7 years, 56.2% male, mean observation period 9.3 quarters), 71.2% had non-ILD-related and 56.6% ILD-related hospitalisations. We observed more and earlier non-ILD-related hospitalisations in ILD patients other than sarcoidosis. Medical ILD-treatment was associated with increased frequency and in case of late initiation, earlier (non-)ILD-related hospitalisations. Comorbidities were associated with generally increased hospitalisation frequency except for COPD (RR = 0.90) and PH (RR = 0.94) in non-ILD-related and for lung cancer in ILD-related hospitalisations (RR = 0.89). Coronary heart disease was linked with earlier (ILD-related: HR = 1.17, non-ILD-related HR = 1.19), but most other conditions with delayed hospitalisations.

Conclusion
Hospitalisations are frequent across all ILD-subtypes. The hospitalisation risk might be reduced independently of the subtype by improved management of comorbidities and improved pharmacological and non-pharmacological ILD therapy.
A positron emission tomography imaging study to confirm target engagement in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis following a single dose of a novel inhaled αvβ6 integrin inhibitor
Authors: Maher Toby M. , Simpson Juliet K. , Porter Joanna C. , Wilson Frederick J. , Chan Robert , Eames Rhena , Cui Yi , Siederer Sarah , Parry Simon , Kenny Julia , Slack Robert J. , Sahota Jagdeep , Paul Lyn , Saunders Peter , Molyneaux Philip L. , Lukey Pauline T. , Rizzo Gaia , Searle Graham E. , Marshall Richard P. , Saleem Azeem , Kang’ombe Arthur R. , Fairman David , Fahy William A. , Vahdati-Bolouri Mitra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease with poor prognosis and a significant unmet medical need. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and target engagement in the lungs, of GSK3008348, a novel inhaled alpha-v beta-6 (αvβ6) integrin inhibitor, in participants with IPF.

Methods
This was a phase 1b, randomised, double-blind (sponsor unblind) study, conducted in the UK (two clinical sites, one imaging unit) between June 2017 and July 2018 (NCT03069989). Participants with a definite or probable diagnosis of IPF received a single nebulised dose of 1000 mcg GSK3008348 or placebo (ratio 5:2) in two dosing periods. In period 1, safety and PK assessments were performed up to 24 h post-dose; in period 2, after a 7-day to 28-day washout, participants underwent a total of three positron emission tomography (PET) scans: baseline, Day 1 (~ 30 min post-dosing) and Day 2 (~ 24 h post-dosing), using a radiolabelled αvβ6-specific ligand, [18F]FB-A20FMDV2. The primary endpoint was whole lung volume of distribution (VT), not corrected for air volume, at ~ 30 min post-dose compared with pre-dose. The study success criterion, determined using Bayesian analysis, was a posterior probability (true % reduction in VT > 0%) of ≥80%.

Results
Eight participants with IPF were enrolled and seven completed the study. Adjusted posterior median reduction in uncorrected VT at ~ 30 min after GSK3008348 inhalation was 20% (95% CrI: − 9 to 42%). The posterior probability that the true % reduction in VT > 0% was 93%. GSK3008348 was well tolerated with no reports of serious adverse events or clinically significant abnormalities that were attributable to study treatment. PK was successfully characterised showing rapid absorption followed by a multiphasic elimination.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated engagement of the αvβ6 integrin target in the lung following nebulised dosing with GSK3008348 to participants with IPF. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a target-specific PET radioligand has been used to assess target engagement in the lung, not least for an inhaled drug.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03069989; date of registration: 3 March 2017.
Young people who inject drugs in Mozambique: should we emphasize them in the National Harm Reduction Plan?
Authors: Semá Baltazar Cynthia , Boothe Makini , Kellogg Timothy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMozambique has one of the highest burdens of HIV globally, and people who inject drugs (PWID) have one of the highest HIV infection rates in Africa. After the implementation of the first Biological Behavioral Surveillance (BBS) Survey among PWID in Mozambique, the Ministry of Health started the development of a National Harm Reduction Plan. Although the findings from the BBS survey highlighted the specific needs of young PWID, the proposed Harm Reduction Plan does not explicitly focus on reducing high-risk behaviors of young PWID. We outline the importance of the inclusion of age-specific interventions focused on the needs of young PWID in Mozambique, and how a comprehensive Harm Reduction Plan can reduce the HIV epidemic in this population. There is a unique opportunity to advocate for the Harm Reduction Plan to include “youth-friendly” cost-effective and evidence-based interventions that are targeted to this important sub-group within an already vulnerable population.
The experience of polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparation in adolescents undergoing colonoscopy
Authors: Örmon Karin , Bramhagen Ann-Cathrine , Sunnqvist Charlotta , Vejzovic Vedrana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to describe the experience of polyethylene glycol (PEG) bowel preparation in adolescents undergoing colonoscopy.

Results
32 adolescents, 10–18 years of age self-reported a minimum of complications 1 week after colonoscopy when PEG was used for bowel preparation. 17 adolescents, 10–18 years were also interviewed about bowel preparation with PEG. Using qualitative content analysis, two categories were extracted from the data: “Being decisive makes it manageable” and “Be prepared for a horrible experience.” The adolescents reported PEG intake difficulty; the intake was, however, manageable if they received appropriate information.
Prognosis of PD-L1 in human breast cancer: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Litvin Isnard Elman , Paganella Machline Paim , Wendland Eliana Marcia , Roehe Adriana Vial 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide, and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are key physiologic suppressors of the cytotoxic immune reaction. Some authors advocate that PD-L1 expression may help in breast cancer prognosis.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review of observational or interventional studies evaluating the prognostic ability of PD-L1 expression levels in predicting positive clinical outcomes in Human Breast Cancer. A sensitive search strategy will be employed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, The Grey Literature Report, OpenGrey, OAIster, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Two reviewers will independently screen all identified references for eligibility and extract data. The outcomes evaluated will be Overall Survival, Breast Cancer-specific Survival, Disease-free Survival, Recurrence-free Survival, Positive Lymph Node, and Distant Metastasis. The outcomes will be extracted directly from the studies, if available. Methodological quality and bias of included studies will be assessed using a standardized checklist and overall quality of evidence will be assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. If meta-analysis is possible, the measures of association will be calculated using bivariate random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity will be evaluated withI2statistics and explored through sensitivity analysis.DiscussionImmunomodulation seems to be a promising strategy in solid tumors. Breast cancer is the most common malignancies in women worldwide, and one of the leading causes of cancer death. PD-1 and PD-L1 are key physiologic suppressors of the cytotoxic immune reaction.Trial registrationSystematic review registration:CRD42019121118(PROSPERO)
An open-source framework for neuroscience metadata management applied to digital reconstructions of neuronal morphology
Authors: Bijari Kayvan , Akram Masood A. , Ascoli Giorgio A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch advancements in neuroscience entail the production of a substantial amount of data requiring interpretation, analysis, and integration. The complexity and diversity of neuroscience data necessitate the development of specialized databases and associated standards and protocols. NeuroMorpho.Org is an online repository of over one hundred thousand digitally reconstructed neurons and glia shared by hundreds of laboratories worldwide. Every entry of this public resource is associated with essential metadata describing animal species, anatomical region, cell type, experimental condition, and additional information relevant to contextualize the morphological content. Until recently, the lack of a user-friendly, structured metadata annotation system relying on standardized terminologies constituted a major hindrance in this effort, limiting the data release pace. Over the past 2 years, we have transitioned the original spreadsheet-based metadata annotation system of NeuroMorpho.Org to a custom-developed, robust, web-based framework for extracting, structuring, and managing neuroscience information. Here we release the metadata portal publicly and explain its functionality to enable usage by data contributors. This framework facilitates metadata annotation, improves terminology management, and accelerates data sharing. Moreover, its open-source development provides the opportunity of adapting and extending the code base to other related research projects with similar requirements. This metadata portal is a beneficial web companion to NeuroMorpho.Org which saves time, reduces errors, and aims to minimize the barrier for direct knowledge sharing by domain experts. The underlying framework can be progressively augmented with the integration of increasingly autonomous machine intelligence components.
Predictors of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with coronary artery disease receiving contrast agents twice within 30 days
Authors: Gu Chong-Huai , Wang Xiao-Zeng , Han Ya-Ling , Jing Quan-Min , Ren Li-Li , Zhang Yan , Peng Jun-Yin , Zhao Xin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
None of study mentioned about contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in people who have received contrast agents twice within in a short period of time. This study is trying to identify the predictors.

Methods
We enrolled 607 patients between Oct. 2010 and Jul. 2015 who received contrast agents twice within 30 days in the Department of Cardiology of the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region. The primary outcome was CI-AKI within 72 h after contrast agent exposure. Patients were divided into groups A (n = 559) and group B (n = 48) according to whether CI-AKI occurred after the second agent.

Results
Patients in group B (CI-AKI occurred after the second agent) had a more rapid heart rate and more usage of diuretics and digitalis. In group B, CI-AKI occurred more frequently after the first agent. Multivariate logistic regression showed that diuretic (P = 0.006) and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) usage (P = 0.012) were independent predictors of CI-AKI after the first agent. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/Angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ACEI/ARB) usage (P = 0.039), IABP usage (P = 0.040) and CI-AKI occurring after administration of the first agent (P = 0.015) were independent predictors of CI-AKI after the second. Furthermore, dividing the patients into tertiles of the time interval between the two agents showed that CI-AKI occurred more frequently when the second agent was administered within 1–3 days after the first exposure than within 4–6 days (12.4% vs. 5.0%, P = 0.008) or ≥ 7 days (12.4% vs. 6.4%, P = 0.039).

Conclusions
Diuretic and IABP usage are independent predictors of CI-AKI following exposure to a first contrast agent. The major predictors of CI-AKI after exposure to a second agent are time since the first contrast exposure, ACEI/ARB usage, and IABP usage. More importantly, a three-day interval between the two agents is associated with a higher incidence of CI-AKI following the second administration.
Prognostic Significance of Lymphatic, Venous and Perineural Invasion After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Woodham Benjamin L. , Chmelo Jakub , Donohoe Claire L. , Madhavan Anantha , Phillips Alexander W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The significance of perineural (PNI), lymphatic (LI) and venous invasion (VI) in gastric cancer patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of LI, VI and PNI in these patients.

Patients and Methods
Consecutive patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy were reviewed. Presence of LI, VI and PNI was recorded and correlated with clinical outcomes.

Results
A total of 243 patients underwent gastrectomy after neoadjuvant therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma. LI was identified in 129 (53%), VI in 107 (44%) and PNI in 116 (48%) of patients. Presence of LI (HR, 2.95, CI 1.91–4.56), VI (HR, 2.66, CI 1.78–3.98) and PNI (HR, 3.85, CI 2.49–5.95) was associated with poorer survival (all p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that ypT stage (HR, 1.35, CI 1.05–1.74), ypN stage (HR, 1.53, CI 1.28–1.83) and PNI (HR, 2.11, CI 1.31–3.42) were independent predictors of survival.

Conclusions
LI, VI and PNI are associated with poorer survival, with PNI having prognostic significance independent of lymph node status. These factors may be useful for further prognostication, in particular when multiple factors are present, and appear especially useful for prognostic stratification in patients with no nodal involvement.
Discipline-specific open access publishing practices and barriers to change: an evidence-based review
Authors: Severin Anna , Egger Matthias , Eve Martin Paul , Hürlimann Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Background: Many of the discussions surrounding Open Access (OA) revolve around how it affects publishing practices across different academic disciplines. It was a long-held view that it would be only a matter of time before all disciplines fully and relatively homogeneously implemented OA. Recent large-scale bibliometric studies show, however, that the uptake of OA differs substantially across disciplines. We aimed to answer two questions: First, how do different disciplines adopt and shape OA publishing practices? Second, what discipline-specific barriers to and potentials for OA can be identified? Methods: In a first step, we identified and synthesized relevant bibliometric studies that assessed OA prevalence and publishing patterns across disciplines. In a second step, and adopting a social shaping of technology perspective, we studied evidence on the socio-technical forces that shape OA publishing practices. We examined a variety of data sources, including, but not limited to, publisher policies and guidelines, OA mandates and policies and author surveys. Results: Over the last three decades, scholarly publishing has experienced a shift from “closed” access to OA as the proportion of scholarly literature that is openly accessible has increased continuously. Estimated OA levels for publication years after 2010 varied between 29.4% and 66%. The shift towards OA is uneven across disciplines in two respects: first, the growth of OA has been uneven across disciplines, which manifests itself in varying OA prevalence levels. Second, disciplines use different OA publishing channels to make research outputs OA. Conclusions: We conclude that historically rooted publishing practices differ in terms of their compatibility with OA, which is the reason why OA can be assumed to be a natural continuation of publishing cultures in some disciplines, whereas in other disciplines, the implementation of OA faces major barriers and would require a change of research culture.
The experience of financial burden for patients with multimorbidity: A protocol for a systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Larkin James , Foley Louise , Smith Susan M. , Harrington Patricia , Clyne Barbara 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Multimorbidity is increasingly important due to its high disease burden, prevalence and related high healthcare utilisation. For patients, there is also a high financial burden due to direct and indirect costs arising from their multimorbidity. It is unclear how this financial burden affects patients. This study aims to synthesise qualitative evidence exploring the experience of financial burden from the perspective of patients with multimorbidity. Methods: The review will be reported using the ENTREQ guidelines. A systematic search of Lilacs, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts will be conducted using a predefined search strategy. A search of fourteen pre-specified websites will be conducted for grey literature. Forward and backward citation checking of included studies will be conducted also. Studies will be included if they contain primary qualitative research and reference the experience of financial burden from the perspective of adult (≥ 18 years) community dwelling patients with multimorbidity. Studies from any country and in any language will be included. Titles and abstracts of search results will be screened; if a study appears relevant, then full-texts will be screened for eligibility. Study characteristics of included articles will be extracted. Study quality will be evaluated using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) checklist for qualitative research. These three processes will be carried out by two reviewers independently. Thematic-synthesis will be used to analyse data. This will be carried out by one reviewer and cross-checked by a second reviewer. The GRADE CERQual approach will be used to assess the overall confidence in the evidence. Discussion: This review will identify evidence on the experiences of financial burden for patients with multimorbidity and forms part of a project to support consideration of financial burden for patients in the development of clinical guidelines in Ireland. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019135284
ENSAIO FILOSÓFICO SOBRE O POEMA DE PARMÊNIDES
Authors: Martins Zildenice , Nogueira Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho foi elaborado com base na pesquisa interdisciplinar que venho desenvolvendo no Curso de Doutorado em Letras Clássicas da UFRJ sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Ricardo de Souza Nogueira. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar algumas características contidas no poema Da Natureza de Parmênides que permitam uma comparação entre a linguagem imagética e simbólica contida em seu proêmio (fragmento 1) e um tipo de expressão mais abstrata, relacionada ao pensamento filosófico-científico, que foi desenvolvido na Grécia a partir do século VI a.C. e que pode ser melhor observado em diversas outras passagens do poema, também selecionadas para constarem nesse estudo (fragmentos 2, 3, 6 e 8). Para isso, o poema será estudado em meio ao contexto de enunciação no qual foi escrito, de modo a identificar as influências recebidas de outros pensadores e constatar os traços das influências da épica e a presença do pensamento filosófico-científico. Palavras-chave: Parmênides, Poema Da Natureza, Pensamento filosófico
Synthesis and optimization of combustion of briquettes based on substandard brown coals of Kazakhstan deposits with multipolymer binders
Authors: Tulepov Marat I. , Sassykova Larissa R. , Baiseitov Dauren A , Rakhimova Bibigul U , Abdrakova Fedosya Y , Spanova Galiya A , Aknazarov Sestager Kh , Beksultan Zhansaya 
Published: March 2020

The work aimed to study the process of burning coal briquettes with polymers. As the object of the research, the coals of Kazakhstan deposits were applied. The methodology of the study included theoretical and computational studies on the applied significance of coal processing, analysis by physicochemical research methods, pressing, drying and briquetting of coal with binders. It is shown that the briquettes combustion takes place stepwise and is characterized by a stationary regime. This is due to the mutual influence of the stages of pyrolysis of polyolefins and combustion of coke residue of substandard coal. In the combustion zone, the temperature did not depend on the content of polyethylene and was 400–500ºC in the coal burnout zone. The optimal compositions of briquettes supporting the combustion temperature of 1300°С were determined: coal-40 %, clay-20 %, polyethylene-40 %. Adding up to 20% clay to the polymer and coal mixture led to the formation of a combustion wave structure with symmetric temperature profiles. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that polyethylene plays the role of the initiator of combustion, burning at 500ºC, and in the future does not affect the maintenance of the combustion temperature of the briquette. The perspective of the results obtained is the possibility of utilization of low-demand coals of various brands of Kazakhstan deposits, which are waste of coal mining and coal enrichment with further production of coal briquettes of the required quality. Coal briquettes made from substandard coals with a multi-polymer binder, from chemical production waste have a higher calorific value, are mechanically robust during prolonged storage, do not crumble in the furnace until complete combustion, and are waterproof. These advantages determine their use for the population, as well as for various purposes of industrial economy, metallurgy and chemical industry.