bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report: potential treatment of metastatic amphicrine carcinoma of the rectum with FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy
Authors: Tamura Nobumasa , Honma Yoshitaka , Sekine Shigeki , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Hirano Hidekazu , Okita Natsuko , Shoji Hirokazu , Iwasa Satoru , Takashima Atsuo , Kato Ken , Boku Narikazu 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Amphicrine carcinoma (AmC) is a unique epithelial tumor displaying exocrine and endocrine features in the same cell. It shows an adenocarcinoma-like cellular form and has endocrine granules. There are few reports describing chemotherapy for AmC. Here, we describe a case with metastatic AmC from the rectum that was treated with FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy.
A 64-year-old man was diagnosed with a submucosal lesion on the scar produced after an endoscopic mucosal resection, which had been performed for adenocarcinoma of the rectum 2 years before. The endoscopic submucosal dissection revealed AmC. The abdominoperineal resection including lymph nodes dissection was performed. Thereafter, computed tomography showed multiple liver metastases, and FOLFOXIRI was administered. The best overall response was partial response, and progression-free survival was 8.7 months. After 16.0 months since first-line chemotherapy the patient died. We can therefore conclude that FOLFOXIRI may be effective for AmC of the rectum.
Malignant hyperthermia, a rare perioperative complication: case series and literature review
Authors: Ndikontar Raymond , Etoundi Paul Owono , Tochie Joel Nouktadie , Bengono Roddy Stephan Bengono , Minkande Jacqueline Ze 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Malignant hyperthermia is a rare complication of general anesthesia appearing as an acute and potentially lethal hypermetabolic state in people carrying a genetic anomaly expressed in skeletal muscles. Malignant hyperthermia has been scarcely described in sub-Saharan Africa. Herein, we present three cases of malignant hyperthermia occurring in the perioperative period in Cameroon. The authors wish to draw attention to the clinical presentation of this rare but potentially lethal emergency, for timely diagnosis, management and follow-up geared at preventing perioperative mortality.
The impact of nature-based education on health-related quality of life among low-income youth: results from an intervention study
Authors: Sprague Nadav L , Ekenga Christine C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Nature experiences have been shown to promote physical, emotional, mental and overall health. However, low-income youth often face inequities in access to nature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 15-week nature-based education (NBE) intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of low-income youth.

Methods
A total of 362 low-income youth (ages 9–15) in St. Louis, MO, USA, participated in this study. Study participants completed a pre- and post-intervention survey that included validated measures of six HRQoL domains (Physical Activity, Emotional Health Functioning, School Functioning, Social Functioning, Family Functioning and overall HRQoL). Random effects analysis of covariance was used to test for significant differences in HRQoL scores between the intervention and control groups, after adjusting for school, age, previous nature exposure, and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics capacity.

Results
After the intervention period, youth in the NBE intervention group experienced improvements in all HRQoL domain scores (P &lt; 0.001), whereas youth in the control group experienced declines in HRQoL domain scores (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
NBE may have a positive impact on the HRQoL of low-income youth. Further investigations examining the influence of nature-based activities on youth health outcomes are warranted.
Gender Dynamics in Crowdfunding (Kickstarter): Evidence on Entrepreneurs, Backers, and Taste-Based Discrimination*
Authors: Gafni Hadar , Marom Dan , Robb Alicia , Sade Orly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the launch phase of the leading reward-based crowdfunding market—Kickstarter. It documents the behavior of male and female entrepreneurs in raising early stage capital. We find that women share as entrepreneurs in the platform (34.7%) does not equal to their share in the overall population, and they are concentrated in stereotyped sectors, both as entrepreneurs and as backers. We also find that women do not set lower funding goals than men, they enjoy higher rates of success than men, even after controlling for project categories and funding goals, and that backers of both genders have a tendency to fund entrepreneurs of their own gender. Our survey of Kickstarter backers finds evidence of taste-based discrimination by male backers.
Engineering precision therapies: lessons and motivations from the clinic
Authors: Xie Mingqi , Viviani Mirta , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the past decade, gene- and cell-based therapies have been at the forefront of the biomedical revolution. Synthetic biology, the engineering discipline of building sophisticated ‘genetic software’ to enable precise regulation of gene activities in living cells, has been a decisive success factor of these new therapies. Here, we discuss the core technologies and treatment strategies that have already gained approval for therapeutic applications in humans. We also review promising preclinical work that could either enhance the efficacy of existing treatment strategies or pave the way for new precision medicines to treat currently intractable human conditions.
Loss of Clustered Protocadherin Diversity Alters the Spatial Distribution of Cortical Interneurons in Mice
Authors: Gallerani Nicholas , Au Edmund 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cortical interneurons (cINs) are locally projecting inhibitory neurons that are distributed throughout the cortex. Due to their relatively limited range of influence, their arrangement in the cortex is critical to their function. cINs achieve this arrangement through a process of tangential and radial migration and apoptosis during development. In this study, we investigated the role of clustered protocadherins (cPcdhs) in establishing the spatial patterning of cINs through the use of genetic cPcdh knockout mice. cPcdhs are expressed in cINs and are known to play key functions in cell spacing and cell survival, but their role in cINs is poorly understood. Using spatial statistical analysis, we found that the 2 main subclasses of cINs, parvalbumin-expressing and somatostatin-expressing (SST) cINs, are nonrandomly spaced within subclass but randomly with respect to each other. We also found that the relative laminar distribution of each subclass was distinctly altered in whole α- or β-cluster mutants. Examination of perinatal time points revealed that the mutant phenotypes emerged relatively late, suggesting that cPcdhs may be acting during cIN morphological elaboration and synaptogenesis. We then analyzed an isoform-specific knockout for pcdh-αc2 and found that it recapitulated the α-cluster knockout but only in SST cells, suggesting that subtype-specific expression of cPcdh isoforms may help govern subtype-specific spatial distribution.
Recognizing mucormycosis in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Hunt Elicia 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is an aggressive, angioinvasive fungal infection with a predilection for the rhino-orbital cavity, predominantly in immunocompromised patients such as patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Prognosis is very poor, with a survival rate of 40% to 50%; therefore, early detection and initiation of treatment is paramount. Presenting symptoms are vague and mucormycosis is rare, so recognition, awareness, and knowledge of this infection are key to timely intervention and enhanced patient survival.
Disuse-Induced Muscle Loss and Rehabilitation: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Bed Rest Study
Authors: Scott Jessica M. , Downs Meghan , Buxton Roxanne , Goetchius Elizabeth , Crowell Brent , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , Hackney Kyle J. , Ryder Jeffrey , English Kirk , Ploutz-Snyder Lori L. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
The time course and magnitude of atrophic remodeling and the effects of an acute rehabilitation program on muscle atrophy are unclear. We sought to characterize bed rest–induced leg muscle atrophy and evaluate the safety and efficacy of an acute rehabilitation program.

Design:
Prespecified analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Single-center urban hospital.

Patients:
Adults (24–55 yr) randomized to 70 days of sedentary bed rest.

Interventions:
The 11-day post-bed rest rehabilitation program consisted of low intensity exercise and progressed to increased aerobic exercise duration, plyometric exercises, and higher intensity resistance exercise.

Measurements and Main Results:
Upper (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, quadriceps, hamstrings, adductors) and lower leg (medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus) MRI scans were obtained once before, nine times during, and three times after bed rest to assess muscle cross-sectional area. The magnitude and rate of muscle atrophy and recovery were determined for each muscle. Nine participants completed 70 days of sedentary bed rest and an 11-day rehabilitation program. A total of 11,588 muscle cross-sectional area images were quantified. Across all muscles except the rectus femoris (no change), there was a linear decline during bed rest, with the highest atrophic rate occurring in the soleus (–0.33%/d). Following rehabilitation, there was rapid recovery in all muscles; however, the quadriceps (–3.74 cm2; 95% CI, –7.36 to –0.12; p = 0.04), hamstrings (–2.30 cm2; 95% CI, –4.07 to –0.54; p = 0.01), medial gastrocnemius (–0.62 cm2; 95% CI, –1.10 to –0.14; p = 0.01), and soleus (–1.85 cm2; 95% CI, –2.90 to –0.81; p < 0.01) remained significantly lower than baseline.

Conclusions:
Bed rest results in upper and lower leg muscle atrophy in a linear pattern, and an 11-day rehabilitation program was safe and effective in initiating a rapid trajectory of muscle recovery. These findings provide important information regarding the design and refinement of rehabilitation programs following bed rest.
Frequency and Analysis of Unplanned Extubation in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients
Authors: Chhina Anoop K. , Loyd Gary E. , Szymanski Trevor J. , Nowak Katherine A. , Peruzzi William T. , Yeldo Nicholas S. , Han Xiaoxia , Kerzabi Lotfi S. , Galusca Dragos M. , Cazacu Simona , Brodie Chaya , Penning Donald H. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To determine if patients with coronavirus disease 2019 had a greater number of unplanned extubations resulting in reintubations than in patients without coronavirus disease 2019.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study comparing the frequency of unplanned extubations resulting in reintubations in a group of coronavirus disease 2019 patients to a historical (noncoronavirus disease 2019) control group.

Setting:
This study was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital, an academic medical center in Detroit, MI. The historical noncoronavirus disease 2019 patients were treated in the 68 bed medical ICU. The coronavirus disease 2019 patients were treated in the coronavirus disease ICU, which included the 68 medical ICU beds, 18 neuro-ICU beds, 32 surgical ICU beds, and 40 cardiovascular ICU beds, as the medical ICU was expanded to these units at the peak of the pandemic in Detroit, MI.

Patients:
The coronavirus disease 2019 cohort included patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 who were intubated for respiratory failure from March 12, 2020, to April 13, 2020. The historic control (noncoronavirus disease 2019) group consisted of patients who were admitted to the medical ICU in the year spanning from November 1, 2018 to October 31, 2019, with a need for mechanical ventilation that was not related to surgery or a neurologic reason.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
To identify how many patients in each cohort had unplanned extubations, an electronic medical records query for patients with two intubations within 30 days was performed, in addition to a review of our institutional quality and safety database of reported self-extubations. Medical charts were manually reviewed by board-certified anesthesiologists to confirm each event was an unplanned extubation followed by a reintubation within 24 hours. There was a significantly greater incidence of unplanned extubations resulting in reintubation events in the coronavirus disease 2019 cohort than in the noncoronavirus disease 2019 cohort (coronavirus disease 2019 cohort: 167 total admissions with 22 events—13.2%; noncoronavirus disease 2019 cohort: 326 total admissions with 14 events—4.3%; p < 0.001). When the rate of unplanned extubations was expressed per 100 intubated days, there was not a significant difference between the groups (0.88 and 0.57, respectively; p = 0.269).

Conclusions:
Coronavirus disease 2019 patients have a higher incidence of unplanned extubation that requires reintubation than noncoronavirus disease 2019 patients. Further study is necessary to evaluate the variables that contribute to this higher incidence and clinical strategies that can reduce it.
Antimicrobial peptides: bridging innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Ma Jing-Yi , Shao Shuai , Wang Gang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules produced by a myriad of cells and play important roles not only in protecting against infections and sustaining skin barrier homeostasis but also in contributing to immune dysregulation under pathological conditions. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that AMPs, including cathelicidin (LL-37), human β-defensins, S100 proteins, lipocalin 2, and RNase 7, are highly expressed in psoriatic skin lesions. These peptides broadly regulate immunity by interacting with various immune cells and linking innate and adaptive immune responses during the progression of psoriasis. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding AMPs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis with a main focus on their immunomodulatory abilities.
Research progress and perspective in metabolism and metabolomics of psoriasis
Authors: Lian Ni , Shi Li-Qing , Hao Zhi-Min , Chen Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Psoriasis is considered a systemic disease associated with metabolic abnormalities, and it is important to understand the mechanisms by which metabolism affects pathophysiological processes both holistically and systematically. Metabolites are closely related to disease phenotypes, especially in systemic diseases under multifactorial modulation. The emergence of metabolomics has provided information regarding metabolite changes in lesions and circulation and deepened our understanding of the association between metabolic reprogramming and psoriasis. Metabolomics has great potential for the development of effective biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, prediction of the efficacy of psoriasis management, and further discovery of new metabolism-based therapeutic targets.
Postpartum health risks among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, California 2008–2012
Authors: Murray Horwitz Mara E. , Rodriguez Maria I. , Dissanayake Mekhala , Carmichael Suzan L. , Snowden Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to understand the associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and postpartum complications throughout the newly defined 12-week postpartum transition.

Study design:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the associations of HDP (any/subtype) with postpartum complications among 2.5 million California births, 2008–2012. We identified complications from discharge diagnoses from maternal hospital encounters (emergency department visits and readmissions) in the 12 weeks after giving birth. We compared rates of complications, overall and by diagnostic category, between groups defined by HDP. In survival analyses, we calculated the adjusted hazard ratios of postpartum complications associated with HDP. We adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy obesity, chronic diabetes, gestational diabetes, insurance, delivery mode, gestational age and birth outcome (term and size).

Results:
Among women with and without HDP, 12.8 and 7.7%, respectively, had a hospital encounter within 12 weeks of giving birth [adjusted hazard ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.5–1.5]. HDP was associated with increased risk across all major categories of complications: hypertension-related, adjusted hazard ratio 11.8 (95% CI: 11.2–12.3); childbirth-related, 1.4 (1.3–1.4); and other, 1.4 (1.4–1.4). Risk of any complication differed by hypertensive subtype: chronic hypertension with super-imposed preeclampsia, adjusted hazard ratio 1.8 (95% CI: 1.7–1.8); chronic hypertension, 1.6 (1.6–1.7); preeclampsia/eclampsia, 1.3 (1.3–1.4); and gestational hypertension, 1.2 (1.2–1.3). Over a quarter (28.9%) of maternal hospital encounters occurred more than 6 weeks after giving birth; this did not differ substantially by HDP status.

Conclusion:
Women with HDP are at an increased risk for virtually all postpartum complications, including those not related to hypertension, and may benefit from enhanced and comprehensive postpartum care.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EYES WITH DIFFERENT GRADES OF MYOPIC TRACTION MACULOPATHY
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Bingqian , Li Yonghao , Zhao Xiujuan , Chen Shida , Huang Xia , Lian Ping , Li Tao , Jin Chenjin , Liang Xiaoling , Lu Lin 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To analyze clinical characteristics in eyes with myopic traction maculopathy (MTM).

Methods:
Nine hundred and ninety-one patients (1,334 eyes) with MTM, who visited Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from January 2014 to December 2019, were involved. Myopic traction maculopathy was classified into six grades according to the new classification system: no macular schisis (T0), inner or outer foveoschisis (FS) (T1); inner and outer FS (T2), foveal detachment (T3), full-thickness macular hole (T4), and macular hole retinal detachment (T5).

Results:
Seven hundred and seventy-eight (58.32%) eyes were in T0, 157 (11.77%) in T1, 177 (13.27%) in T2, 129 (9.67%) in T3, 45 (3.37%) in T4, and 48 (3.67%) in T5. With the severity of MTM, age increased and the best-corrected visual acuity became worse (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found on spherical equivalent refraction or axial length among different grades of MTM (P > 0.05). Moreover, significant differences on best-corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent refraction, axial length, and staphyloma rate existed between eyes with inner FS and eyes with outer FS (P < 0.01), but not between eyes with outer FS and eyes with both inner FS and outer FS (P > 0.05). Besides, significant differences were found on spherical equivalent refraction, axial length, and staphyloma rate between full-thickness macular hole with and without macular schisis (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Spherical equivalent refraction and axial length were not correlated with the severity of MTM in this cohort. It might be preferable to categorize eyes with outer FS and eyes with both inner FS and outer FS as a same grade. Potential difference in the pathogenesis between full-thickness macular hole with and without macular schisis might exist.
Cage-lid hanging behavior as a translationally relevant measure of pain in mice
Authors: Zhang Hantao , Lecker Irene , Collymore Chereen , Dokova Anastassia , Pham Maian Christine , Rosen Sarah F. , Crawhall-Duk Hayley , Zain Maham , Valencia Megan , Filippini Helena Fetter , Li Jerry , D'Souza Abigail J. , Cho Chulmin , Michailidis Vassilia , Whissell Paul D. , Patel Ingita , Steenland Hendrik W. , Virginia Lee Wai-Jane , Moayedi Massieh , Sterley Toni-Lee , Bains Jaideep S. , Stratton Jo Anne , Matyas John R. , Biernaskie Jeff , Dubins David , Vukobradovic Igor , Bezginov Alexandr , Flenniken Ann M. , Martin Loren J. , Mogil Jeffrey S. , Bonin Robert P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The development of new analgesic drugs has been hampered by the inability to translate preclinical findings to humans. This failure is due in part to the weak connection between commonly used pain outcome measures in rodents and the clinical symptoms of chronic pain. Most rodent studies rely on the use of experimenter-evoked measures of pain and assess behavior under ethologically unnatural conditions, which limits the translational potential of preclinical research. Here, we addressed this problem by conducting an unbiased, prospective study of behavioral changes in mice within a natural homecage environment using conventional preclinical pain assays. Unexpectedly, we observed that cage-lid hanging, a species-specific elective behavior, was the only homecage behavior reliably impacted by pain assays. Noxious stimuli reduced hanging behavior in an intensity-dependent manner, and the reduction in hanging could be restored by analgesics. Finally, we developed an automated approach to assess hanging behavior. Collectively, our results indicate that the depression of hanging behavior is a novel, ethologically valid, and translationally relevant pain outcome measure in mice that could facilitate the study of pain and analgesic development.
Cross-sectional study of psychosocial and pain-related variables among patients with chronic pain during a time of social distancing imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Hruschak Valerie , Flowers K. Mikayla , Azizoddin Desiree R. , Jamison Robert N. , Edwards Robert R. , Schreiber Kristin L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact, including on individuals with chronic pain. The social distancing policies necessary to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have involved increased levels of social isolation. This cross-sectional survey study examined pain severity and interference among individuals with chronic pain during an early phase of social distancing mandates and identified characteristics of individuals who were most impacted. Approximately 4 to 8 weeks after social distancing mandates commenced in the state of Massachusetts, 150 patients with fibromyalgia, chronic spine, and postsurgical pain completed demographic, pain, social distancing, and validated psychosocial questionnaires. Patients self-reported an overall significant increase in pain severity and pain interference, compared with before social distancing, although both pain severity and interference were quite variable among individuals under conditions of social distancing. Several demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors were associated with greater pain severity and interference during social distancing. Multivariable linear regression demonstrated that female sex, nonwhite race, lower education, disability, fibromyalgia, and higher pain catastrophizing were independently associated with greater pain severity, while female sex and pain catastrophizing were independently associated greater pain interference. The findings suggest that individual differences among patients with chronic pain should be considered in the planning, development, and prioritization of interventions to improve pain care and to prevent worsening of symptoms during the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.