bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide survey of radiation therapy in Japan for lung cancer complicated with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Hagiwara Yasuhito , Nakayama Yuko , Kudo Shigehiro , Hayakawa Toyokazu , Nakamura Naoki , Kitamoto Yoshizumi , Takahashi Shigeo , Tsujino Kayoko , Kubo Nobuteru , Tamaki Yukihisa , Nagata Yasushi ,   The Japan Radiation Oncology Study Group (JROSG) Working Subgroup for Lung and Mediastinal Tumors
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the opinions of radiation oncologists in Japan regarding treatment for lung cancer complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) by a questionnaire survey, and the risk of acute exacerbation (AE) after radiotherapy. Questionnaires were sent to all of the facilities in which radiation therapy is performed for lung cancer in Japan by using the mailing list of the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology (JASTRO). The questionnaire survey was conducted to clarify who judges the existence of ILD, the indications for radiation therapy in cases of ILD-combined lung cancer, and the ratio of ILD-combined lung cancer in lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. Patients with ILD-combined lung cancer who received radiotherapy during the period from April 2014 to March 2015 were retrospectively analysed. Any cases of AE without any other obvious cause were included. ILD confirmation was performed by central radiologists using computed tomography images. A total of 47 facilities responded to the questionnaire. Radiation therapy was an option in cases of ILD-combined lung cancer in 39 (83%) of the facilities. The indication for radiation therapy was based on image findings in 35 (90%) of the 39 facilities in which radiation therapy was acceptable or was a choice in some cases of ILD. The final indication was based on the opinion of the pulmonologist in 29 (74%) of those 39 facilities. In fiscal year 2014, a total of 2128 patients in 38 facilities received chest irradiation. Seventy-eight (3.7%) of those 2128 patients had ILD-combined lung cancer. Sixty-seven patients were included in patient analysis. AE occurred in 5 patients (7.5%), and one of those 5 patients (20.0%) died from radiation-induced AE. The median period from radiotherapy to AE was 4 months (range, 2–7 months). The following four independent risk factors for AE were identified in univariate analysis: non-advanced age (&lt;75 years), increased C-reactive protein level (≥0.3 mg/dl), adjuvant chemotherapy and ≥ Grade 2 radiation pneumonitis. Radiotherapy was an option for lung cancer even in cases with ILD in 83% (39/47) of the facilities in Japan. Seventy-eight (3.7%) of 2128 patients who received radiation therapy for lung cancer had ILD. Radiotherapy for ILD-combined lung cancer may induce AE at a substantial rate and AE can be life-threatening. Minimizing the risk of radiation pneumonitis might enable the risk of AE to be reduced.
High dose rate interstitial brachytherapy for early stage lip cancer using customized dental spacer
Authors: Masui Koji , Yamazaki Hideya , Suzuki Gen , Shimizu Daisuke , Kawabata Kanako , Noguchi Naoki , Takenaka Tadashi , Yoshida Ken , Murakami Naoya , Naito Masayuki , Yamamoto Toshiro , Kanamura Narisato , Komori Satoshi , Oshita Akifumi , Asai Jun , Yamada Kei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to report the efficacy and toxicity of our high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for early stage lip cancer (LC) using customized dental spacers. A retrospective analysis was performed among six patients with early stage LC treated with HDR interstitial brachytherapy between April 2015 and August 2019 using customized dental spacers. The total treatment dose was 49 Gy/7 fractions or 54 Gy/9 fractions. The median follow-up duration for the patients was 13 (range: 2–52) months. All patients completed the entire brachytherapy protocol safely and have experienced no local recurrence thus far. The CTV D100 and D90 values per fraction were median 100 (range: 98.3–100) % prescribed dose (PD) and median 133.4 (range: 129.3–138.9) % PD, respectively. The D2cc and D0.1cc values per fraction for the mandible were median 1.07 (range, 0.79–1.88) Gy and median 1.65 (range: 1.21–2.83) Gy, D2cc and D0.1cc values per fraction for oral cavity were median 1.48 (range, 1.31–1.72) Gy and median 2.73 (range: 1.79–2.88) Gy, respectively. Acute toxicities encountered were mucositis and lip edema limited to the irradiated area; none of them was beyond grade 2 and all were resolved within 1–2 months after treatment. We did not observe any late grade 2 adverse events or worse. This study shows that the adverse effects of HDR brachytherapy for early stage LC can be minimized using a dental spacer. Cooperation with the dentistry department is essential to make spacers that are individually customized for each patient.
SuperCLASS – III. Weak lensing from radio and optical observations in Data Release 1
Authors: Harrison Ian , Brown Michael L , Tunbridge Ben , Thomas Daniel B , Hillier Tom , Thomson A P , Whittaker Lee , Abdalla Filipe B , Battye Richard A , Bonaldi Anna , Camera Stefano , Casey Caitlin M , Demetroullas Constantinos , Hales Christopher A , Jackson Neal J , Kay Scott T , Manning Sinclaire M , Peters Aaron , Riseley Christopher J , Watson Robert A ,   (SuperCLASS Collaboration)
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We describe the first results on weak gravitational lensing from the SuperCLASS survey: the first survey specifically designed to measure the weak lensing effect in radio-wavelength data, both alone and in cross-correlation with optical data. We analyse $1.53 \, \mathrm{deg}^2$ of optical data from the Subaru telescope and $0.26 \, \mathrm{deg}^2$ of radio data from the e-MERLIN and VLA telescopes (the DR1 data set). Using standard methodologies on the optical data only we make a significant (10σ) detection of the weak lensing signal (a shear power spectrum) due to the massive supercluster of galaxies in the targeted region. For the radio data we develop a new method to measure the shapes of galaxies from the interferometric data, and we construct a simulation pipeline to validate this method. We then apply this analysis to our radio observations, treating the e-MERLIN and VLA data independently. We achieve source densities of $0.5 \,$ arcmin−2 in the VLA data and $0.06 \,$ arcmin−2 in the e-MERLIN data, numbers which prove too small to allow a detection of a weak lensing signal in either the radio data alone or in cross-correlation with the optical data. Finally, we show preliminary results from a visibility-plane combination of the data from e-MERLIN and VLA which will be used for the forthcoming full SuperCLASS data release. This approach to data combination is expected to enhance both the number density of weak lensing sources available, and the fidelity with which their shapes can be measured.
An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: physical properties of 707 sub-millimetre galaxies
Authors: Dudzevičiūtė U , Smail Ian , Swinbank A M , Stach S M , Almaini O , da Cunha E , An Fang Xia , Arumugam V , Birkin J , Blain A W , Chapman S C , Chen C-C , Conselice C J , Coppin K E K , Dunlop J S , Farrah D , Geach J E , Gullberg B , Hartley W G , Hodge J A , Ivison R J , Maltby D T , Scott D , Simpson C J , Simpson J M , Thomson A P , Walter F , Wardlow J L , Weiss A , van der Werf P 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse the physical properties of a large, homogeneously selected sample of ALMA-located sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs). This survey, AS2UDS, identified 707 SMGs across the ∼1 deg2 field, including ∼17 per cent, which are undetected at K ≳ 25.7 mag. We interpret their ultraviolet-to-radio data using magphys and determine a median redshift of z = 2.61 ± 0.08 (1σ range of z = 1.8–3.4) with just ∼6 per cent at z &gt; 4. Our survey provides a sample of massive dusty galaxies at z ≳ 1, with median dust and stellar masses of Md = (6.8 ± 0.3) × 108 M⊙ (thus, gas masses of ∼1011 M⊙) and M* = (1.26 ± 0.05) × 1011 M⊙. We find no evolution in dust temperature at a constant far-infrared luminosity across z ∼ 1.5–4. The gas mass function of our sample increases to z ∼ 2–3 and then declines at z &gt; 3. The space density and masses of SMGs suggest that almost all galaxies with M* ≳ 3 × 1011 M⊙ have passed through an SMG-like phase. The redshift distribution is well fit by a model combining evolution of the gas fraction in haloes with the growth of halo mass past a critical threshold of Mh ∼ 6 × 1012 M⊙, thus SMGs may represent the highly efficient collapse of gas-rich massive haloes. We show that SMGs are broadly consistent with simple homologous systems in the far-infrared, consistent with a centrally illuminated starburst. Our study provides strong support for an evolutionary link between the active, gas-rich SMG population at z &gt; 1 and the formation of massive, bulge-dominated galaxies across the history of the Universe.
Zeeman molecular probe for tests of fundamental physical constants
Authors: Augustovičová Lucie D , Špirko Vladimír 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The impact of the Zeeman effect on the Λ-doublet spectra of diatomic radicals is analysed from the point of view of a possible cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, μ. The actual model calculations performed for the 2Π3/2 and 2Π1/2 states of 16OH reveal that the Λ-doublet energy levels of diatomic radicals can be tuned to degeneracy by means of the Zeeman effect using realistic magnetic fields. Tuning this degeneracy allows for a dramatic enhancement of the relative mass sensitivity coefficients of the corresponding transitions and for a substantial reduction of their Doppler broadening. Moreover, unlike their field-free counterparts associated with the degeneracies arising due to the A ∼ 4B situations (A and B being the spin–orbit and rotation constant, respectively), the electric dipole allowed e ↔f Zeeman-tuned transitions exhibit favourable intensities, thus evidencing their promising potential.
The MALATANG survey: dense gas and star formation from high-transition HCN and HCO+ maps of NGC 253
Authors: Jiang Xue-Jian , Greve Thomas R , Gao Yu , Zhang Zhi-Yu , Tan Qinghua , de Grijs Richard , Ho Luis C , Michałowski Michał J , Currie Malcolm J , Wilson Christine D , Brinks Elias , Ao Yiping , Zhao Yinghe , He Jinhua , Harada Nanase , Yang Chentao , Jiao Qian , Chung Aeree , Lee Bumhyun , Smith Matthew W L , Liu Daizhong , Matsushita Satoki , Shi Yong , Imanishi Masatoshi , Rawlings Mark G , Zhu Ming , Eden David , Davis Timothy A , Li Xiaohu 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
To study the high-transition dense-gas tracers and their relationships to the star formation of the inner ∼2 kpc circumnuclear region of NGC 253, we present HCN J = 4−3 and HCO+ J = 4−3 maps obtained with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Using the spatially resolved data, we compute the concentration indices r90/r50 for the different tracers. HCN and HCO+ 4–3 emission features tend to be centrally concentrated, which is in contrast to the shallower distribution of CO 1–0 and the stellar component. The dense-gas fraction (fdense, traced by the velocity-integrated-intensity ratios of HCN/CO and HCO+/CO) and the ratio R31 (CO 3–2/1–0) decline towards larger galactocentric distances, but increase with higher star formation rate surface density. The radial variation and the large scatter of fdense and R31 imply distinct physical conditions in different regions of the galactic disc. The relationships of fdense versus Σstellar, and SFEdense versus Σstellar are explored. SFEdense increases with higher Σstellar in this galaxy, which is inconsistent with previous work that used HCN 1–0 data. This implies that existing stellar components might have different effects on the high-J HCN and HCO+ than their low-J emission. We also find that SFEdense seems to be decreasing with higher fdense which is consistent with previous works, and it suggests that the ability of the dense gas to form stars diminishes when the average density of the gas increases. This is expected in a scenario where only the regions with high-density contrast collapse and form stars.
It’s Up to You
Authors: Clarke Randolph 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Part of our ordinary conception of our freedom is the idea that commonly when we act—and often even when we don’t act—it is up to us whether we do this or that. This paper examines efforts to spell out what must be the case for this idea to be correct. Several claims regarding the basic metaphysics of agential powers are considered; they are found not to shed light on the issue. Thinking about agents’ psychological capacities provides some illumination, though the idea of freedom remains puzzling.
Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides improve dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Menon Kirthi , Marquina Clara , Hoj Pernille , Liew Danny , Mousa Aya , de Courten Barbora 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextCardiovascular disease is a major public health problem and represents a significant burden of disease globally. Lifestyle interventions have their limitations and an intervention that will effectively address cardiovascular risk factors to help reduce this growing burden of disease is required.ObjectiveCarnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) have exerted positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in animal and human studies. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes in line with the PRISMA guidelines.Data SourcesThe Medline, Medline in process, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and All EBM databases were searched from inception until January 25, 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of HCDs on cardiovascular outcomes, compared with placebo or controls.Data ExtractionBasic characteristics of the study and populations, interventions, and study results were extracted. The grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation approach was used to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome.Data AnalysisA total of 21 studies were included. Of these, 18 were pooled for meta-analysis (n = 913). In low risk of bias studies, HCD-supplemented groups had lower total cholesterol (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; weighted mean difference [WMD], −0.32 mmol/L [95%CI, −0.57 to −0.07], P = 0.01) and triglyceride levels (n = 6 RCTs; n = 401; WMD, −0.14 mmol/L [95%CI, −0.20 to −0.08], P &lt; 0.001) compared with controls. In studies using carnosine, triglycerides levels were also lower in the intervention group vs controls (n = 5 RCTS; n = 309; P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or the total cholesterol to HDL-C ratio between groups.ConclusionsCarnosine and other HCDs may have a role in improving lipid profiles. Larger studies with sufficient follow-up are necessary to confirm these findings and explore the use of HCDs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.Systemic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no.: CRD42017075354
Chronic Pain Increases the Risk for Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Asia
Authors: Chung Kun-Ming , Ho Chung-Han , Chen Yi-Chen , Hsu Chien-Chin , Chiu Chong-Chi , Lin Hung-Jung , Wang Jhi-Joung , Huang Chien-Cheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveChronic pain (CP) may increase the risk for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs); however, this issue is still unclear in the Asian population. We conducted this study to delineate it.DesignFrom the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 17,614 participants (&lt;65 years) with CP and matched them by age and sex at a 1:2 ratio to participants without CP, who made up the comparison cohort. Several causes of CP and its underlying comorbidities were also analyzed.Outcome MeasureA comparison of MACCE occurring in the two cohorts was performed via follow-up until 2015.ResultsThe mean age (SD) was 50.2 (11.5) years and 50.4 (11.7) years in participants with and without CP, respectively. In both cohorts, the percentage of female participants was 55.5%. Common causes of CP were spinal disorders (23.9%), osteoarthritis (12.4%), headaches (11.0%), gout (10.2%), malignancy (6.2%), and osteoporosis (4.5%). After adjusting for hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal diseases, hyperlipidemia, liver diseases, dementia, and depression, participants with CP had a higher risk for MACCE than those without CP (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3 − 1.4). After conducting subgroup analyses, an increased risk was also found for all-cause mortality (AHR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1 − 1.8), acute myocardial infarction (AHR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0 − 1.4), and stroke (AHR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.3 − 1.4).ConclusionsCP is associated with increased occurrence of MACCE. Early detection and interventions for CP are suggested.
The Chinese Warrants Bubble: Evidence from Brokerage Account Records
Authors: Pearson Neil D , Yang Zhishu , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe use brokerage account records to study trading during the Chinese put warrants bubble and find evidence consistent with extrapolative theories of speculative asset price bubbles. We identify the event that started the bubble and show that investors engaged in a form of feedback trading based on their own past returns. The interaction of feedback trading with the precipitating event caused additional buying and price increases in a feedback loop, and estimates of the trading volume due to this mechanism explain prices and returns during the bubble.
Creditor Rights, Technology Adoption, and Productivity: Plant-Level Evidence
Authors: Ersahin Nuri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractI use U.S. Census microdata to analyze the effect of stronger creditor rights on productivity. Following the adoption of antirecharacterization laws that give lenders greater access to the collateral of firms in financial distress, treated plants’ total factor productivity increases by 2.6%. This effect is concentrated among plants belonging to financially constrained firms. I explore the underlying mechanism and find that treated plants change the composition of their investments and their workforce toward newer capital and skilled labor. My results suggest that stronger creditor rights relax borrowing constraints and help firms adopt more efficient production technologies.
Patients’ attitudes and experiences of transition from paediatric to adult healthcare in rheumatology: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Kelly Ayano , Niddrie Fiona , Tunnicliffe David J , Matus Gonzalez Andrea , Hanson Camilla , Jiang Ivy , Major Gabor , Singh-Grewal Davinder , Tymms Kathleen , Tong Allison 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to describe patients’ attitudes and experiences of transition from paediatric to adult healthcare in rheumatology to inform patient-centred transitional care programmes.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL to August 2019 and used thematic synthesis to analyse the findings.

Results
From 26 studies involving 451 people with juvenile-onset rheumatic conditions we identified six themes: a sense of belonging (comfort in familiarity, connectedness in shared experiences, reassurance in being with others of a similar age, desire for normality and acceptance); preparedness for sudden changes (confidence through guided introductions to the adult environment, rapport from continuity of care, security in a reliable point of contact, minimizing lifestyle disruptions); abandonment and fear of the unknown (abrupt and forced independence, ill-equipped to hand over medical information, shocked by meeting adults with visible damage and disability, vulnerability in the loss of privacy); anonymous and dismissed in adult care (deprived of human focus, sterile and uninviting environment, disregard of debilitating pain and fatigue); quest for autonomy (controlled and patronized in the paediatric environment, liberated from the authority of others, freedom to communicate openly); and tensions in parental involvement (overshadowed by parental presence, guilt of excluding parents, reluctant withdrawal of parental support).

Conclusion
Young people feel dismissed, abandoned, ill-prepared and out of control during transition. However, successful transition can be supported by preparing for changes, creating a sense of belonging and negotiating parental involvement and autonomy. Incorporating patient-identified priorities into transitional services may improve satisfaction and outcomes in young people with juvenile-onset rheumatic conditions.
EVALUATION OF RADIATION DOSE FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING MAMMOGRAPHY IN QATAR
Authors: AlNaemi Huda , Aly Antar , J Omar Ahmed , AlObadli Amal , Ciraj-Bjelac Olivera , Kharita Mohamad Hassan , Rehani Madan M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the absence of information on radiation doses in mammography in the Gulf countries, this study was designed to assess patient dose in terms of entrance surface air kerma and average glandular dose (AGD) in three mammography units in Qatar that covers 21% of all mammography systems in the country. The study of 150 patients involving 600 projections indicated that the average value of AGD in patients was 2.2 mGy for cranio-caudal and 2.5 mGy for mediolateral-oblique views, respectively. Dose assessment was also performed for polymethyl methacrylate phantoms of thicknesses, ranging from 20 to 80 mm. Comparing the patient dose values with several other publications in literature for full-field digital mammography, our values are typically higher, which can be likely attributed to the larger compressed breast thickness.
The adoption issue: the illegitimate logic of Hand v George
Authors: Cooper QC Gilead 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Freedoms guarantees the right to respect for family life and draws no distinction between legitimate and illegitimate children. This has been interpreted by the English court as meaning that the Adoption Act 1976, which required an adopted child to be treated as a child of the adopter (and not the child of any other person), is discriminatory in failing to apply retrospectively to the construction of an existing instrument such as a will or a trust. But the position of adopted children is different from that of illegitimate children: an illegitimate child has no family other than its natural parents, whereas an adopted child remains the child of its natural parents unless and until the law provides otherwise. The 1976 Act did not “deprive” an adopted child of its rights against the family that adopted it: on the contrary, the Act preserved the child’s rights under pre-existing instruments. There is no infringement of the right to respect for family life in this arrangement—it is simply a question of which family the right attaches to. Furthermore, since a will “speaks from death”, its meaning cannot be changed retrospectively. The decision in Hand v George to “read down” the provisions of the 1976 Act so as to interpret words expressly stating that the Act “does not” apply to an existing instrument as meaning that it “does” apply to an existing instrument was not warranted by anything in the Convention, and exceeded the limits of statutory construction by overriding the clear and express intention of parliament.