bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative Technique and Lessons Learned From Surgical Implantation of the NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulation® System in 57 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Krucoff Max O , Wozny Thomas A , Lee Anthony T , Rao Vikram R , Chang Edward F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS)® System (NeuroPace, Inc) is an implantable device designed to improve seizure control in patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy. Because it is relatively new, surgical pearls and operative techniques optimized from experience beyond a small case series have yet to be described.

OBJECTIVE
To provide a detailed description of our operative technique and surgical pearls learned from implantation of the RNS System in 57 patients at our institution. We describe our method for frame-based placement of amygdalo-hippocampal depth leads, open implantation of cortical strip leads, and open installation of the neurostimulator.

METHODS
We outline considerations for patient selection, preoperative planning, surgical positioning, incision planning, stereotactic depth lead implantation, cortical strip lead implantation, craniotomy for neurostimulator implantation, device testing, closure, and intraoperative imaging.

RESULTS
The median reduction in clinical seizure frequency was 60% (standard deviation 63.1) with 27% of patients achieving seizure freedom at last follow up (median 23.1 mo). No infections, intracerebral hemorrhages, or lead migrations were encountered. Two patients experienced lead fractures, and four lead exchanges have been performed.

CONCLUSION
The techniques set forth here will help with the safe and efficient implantation of these new devices.
Social Development and Police Reform: Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and the Implications for Reform in the UK and USA
Authors: Williams Andrew , Paterson Craig 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe increase in calls for police reform following the death of George Floyd has led to renewed debate about social inequality and the role of policing in society. Modern bureaucratic police systems emerged from locally administered structures and Anglo-American policing models continue to be aligned, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal, and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. However, at a time when society is reimagining itself and technology, government, and nations are radically re-shaping themselves, a critical question is whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing to support its development rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering the current calls for reform of policing in the USA and other western democratic states. The article argues that there is an urgent need to reconsider how we conceptualize policing and its relationship with social development.
Gender and Genre in Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson's Periodical Writing
Authors: Wånggren Lena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite scholarly recovery of many nineteenth-century women writers, especially those publishing mainly in periodicals, the fiction, travel writing and journalism of Fanny Van de Grift Stevenson (1840–1914) are still neglected. Situating Van de Grift Stevenson in the context of late nineteenth-century US periodical culture, this article considers how many of the author’s periodical writings cross not only geographical but also generic boundaries. Van de Grift Stevenson’s periodical publishing appears in a variety of modes and genres, at times with journalistic material entering her fiction, domestic life including recipes inserted in her journalism, and autobiography glimpsed in both fiction and journalism. The article examines this author’s transatlantic periodical writings in the context of gender and genre, noting the ways in which these categories intersect throughout her authorship. Focusing especially on the author’s regional writing as seen in her non-fiction ‘cookbook articles’ Ramblings of a Housewife and the short story ‘The Warlock’s Shadow’, the article argues that Van de Grift Stevenson’s blending of regional and domestic modes of writing presents a specific interrogation of cultural and geographical identities.
COSMIC RADIATION EXPOSURE CALCULATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC FLIGHTS DEPARTS FROM ISTANBUL AND ANKARA
Authors: Susam L Amon , Alan H Yilmaz , Yilmaz A , Erol A , Inci C I , Akinci F C , Akkus B , Demir M , Emirhan M E , Faydasicok O , Gudekli E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, cosmic radiation doses were calculated for domestic and international flights departing from Istanbul and furthermore for domestic flights departing from Ankara using a software program called CARI-7A and also a mathematical method approach. Main parameters for calculating cosmic radiation are vertical cut-off rigidity, flight duration, latitude–longitude and altitude of the flight. Our calculation results agree with the measurements for domestic and international flights departing from Istanbul and Ankara.
The metendosternite and penile flagellum: two unexplored character systems of pleasing fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Erotylidae)
Authors: Pecci-Maddalena Italo Salvatore De Castro , Lopes-Andrade Cristiano , Skelley Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractErotylidae (Cucujoidea) are currently divided into six subfamilies, which are regarded as monophyletic. However, there are doubts on the monophyly of lower ranked taxa within Erotylidae, including its most diverse tribe (Tritomini) and the highly diverse genus Mycotretus (Tritomini). The next steps in phylogenetic studies on these taxa rely on better sampling and on studies of unexplored character sets. Here, we conduct a comparative morphological study of the metendosternite and the penile flagellum within Erotylidae, with emphasis on Tritomini and Mycotretus, establishing a naming system for these structures. Representatives of 56 species belonging to all subfamilies of Erotylidae were analysed. A total of 17 genera and 45 species of Tritomini were selected, of which 21 species were Mycotretus. A total of 17 characters (eight of the metendosternite and nine of the penile flagellum) with potential phylogenetic value were recognized. Within Tritomini there is evidence of phylogenetic signal for the presence or absence of the metendosternal lamina at the generic level and above. On the other hand, the penile flagellum may be more informative for levels below the genus and morphological features of the flagellar ‘head’ seem to have phylogenetic signal for groups of potentially related species of Mycotretus.
Advances in research of HIV transmission networks
Authors: Dong Zhi-Long , Gao George Fu , Lyu Fan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Transmission network analysis is a crucial evaluation tool aiming to explore the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, develop evidence-based prevention strategies, and contribute to various areas of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention and control. Over recent decades, transmission networks have made tremendous strides in terms of modes, methods, applications, and various other aspects. Transmission network methods, including social, sexual, and molecular transmission networks, have played a pivotal role. Each transmission network research method has its advantages, as well as its limitations. In this study, we established a systematic review of these aforementioned transmission networks with respect to their definitions, applications, limitations, recent progress, and synthetic applications.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: comparing organised groups to individual first responders
Authors: Nabecker Sabine , Theodorou Matthias , Huwendiek Sören , Kasper Nina , Greif Robert 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND
Fast delivery of high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation is crucial in improving patient outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest. First responders (trained laypersons) are dispatched to shorten time to basic life support and can be organised in groups or individually.

OBJECTIVE
A comparison of factors enabling or impairing first responders’ engagement in groups and as individuals are unknown. Therefore, we investigated these factors.

DESIGN
Qualitative comparison.

SETTING
We set up six focus groups from March to June 2017 in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. Thirteen group and 13 individual first responders participated.

INTERVENTION
Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed following a thematic analytic approach. Two researchers coded the transcripts separately, identified, discussed and adjusted categories, themes and subthemes.

RESULTS
Factors supporting first responders’ engagement are: additional training, support from peers and society, satisfaction of personal desires (all important for all first responders), interdisciplinary collaboration (important for group first responders).
Factors impairing first responders’ engagement are: individual first responders lack training opportunities and collaboration, individual first responders lack support from peers and society, all first responders report lack of medical knowledge/skills and technical problems, confidentiality issues, legal insecurity and ethical concerns bother all first responders, intimidation by ‘professional first responders’ and professional burden. First responders organised in groups benefit from more training, enhanced peer support and collaboration with other groups. Individual first responders lack training opportunities and collaboration with emergency medical services.

CONCLUSION
Team spirit and peer-support engages group first responders, whereas individual first responders are impaired by lack of social support. Involvement with society triggers both first responder types to become and stay first responders. As first responders in groups have substantial additional benefits, enhancing such groups might strengthen current first responder systems.
Comparison of intravenous fentanyl versus lidocaine for attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing elective surgery in Dilla University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Neme Doba Derartu , Ferede Zemedu Aweke , Mola Kasa Simeneh , Eyob Gebre Engida , Ayalew Nugusu , Abiy Workneh Sileshi , Jemal Abafita Bedru , Hailu Asgedom Sileshi , Mekonin Abate Semang , Regasa Degife Teshome 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is one of the most stressing moments in technique of general anesthesia. It can cause pressure response and sympato adrenal response due to stimulation of epipharynx and laryngopharynx. The main objective of this study is to compare the effect of intravenous lidocaine and fentanyl for attenuation of hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation in elective patients who undergo general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 52 eligible adults allocated in to 2 group; group F (n=26) patients received fentanyl 2 mcg/kg and group L (n=26) patients received lidocaine (2%) 1.5 mg/kg. The hemodynamic variables were recorded at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes after laryngoscopy and intubation. Kolmogorov test were used to test for distributions of data while homogeneity of variance were assessed using Levene test for equality of variance. Between groups comparison of vital sign were made using independent t test symmetric data and Mann-Whitney U test was used for asymmetric data. A post hoc effect size calculated using G-power. Those variables with P-value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Result:
The mean rise in heart rate from base line was higher in lidocaine group 29.26±15.02 bpm compared with fentanyl group 17.56±10.28 bpm at first minute. The mean rise in systolic blood pressure from base line at first minute is lower in fentanyl group 17.53±13.04 compared with lidocaine group 31.53±17.24. The mean rise in hemodynamic variables (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, means arterial pressure, and diastolic blood pressure) from base line at 3rd, 5th, and 10th were comparable between groups with (P-value >0.05).

Conclusion and Recommendation:
Fentanyl at 2 µg/kg is superior in attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation at first minute. There is comparable hemodynamic attenuation effect between groups at 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes after intubation. Based on this we recommended that use of fentanyl 2 µg/kg better blunt hemodynamic response at first minute where both are equal at 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes.
Noninvasive Ventilation Accelerates Oxygen Uptake Recovery Kinetics in Patients With Combined Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Mazzuco Adriana , Souza Aline Soares , Goulart Cássia da Luz , Medeiros Wladimir Musetti , Sperandio Priscila Abreu , Alencar Maria Clara Noman , Arbex Flávio Ferlin , Neder José Alberto , Arena Ross , Borghi-Silva Audrey 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
Oxygen uptake (V˙o2) recovery kinetics appears to have considerable value in the assessment of functional capacity in both heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) may benefit cardiopulmonary interactions during exercise. However, assessment during the exercise recovery phase is unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the effects of NIPPV on V˙o2, heart rate, and cardiac output recovery kinetics from high-intensity constant-load exercise (CLE) in patients with coexisting HF and COPD.

Methods:
Nineteen males (10 HF/9 age- and left ventricular ejection fraction-matched HF-COPD) underwent 2 high-intensity CLE tests at 80% of peak work rate to the limit of tolerance (Tlim), receiving either sham ventilation or NIPPV.

Results:
Despite greater V˙o2 recovery kinetics on sham, HF-COPD patients presented with a faster exponential time constant τ (76.4 ± 14.0 sec vs 62.8 ± 15.2 sec, P < .05) and mean response time (MRT) (86.1 ± 19.1 sec vs 68.8 ± 12.0 sec, P < .05) with NIPPV and greater ΔNIPPV-sham (τ: 5.6 ± 19.5 vs −25.2 ± 22.4, P < .05; MRT: 4.1 ± 32.2 vs −26.0 ± 19.2, P < .05) compared with HF. There was no difference regarding Tlim between sham and NIPPV in both groups (P < .05).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that NIPPV accelerated the V˙o2 recovery kinetics following high-intensity CLE to a greater extent in patients with coexisting HF and COPD compared with HF alone. NIPPV should be considered when the objective is to apply high-intensity interval exercise training as an adjunct intervention during a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis C Among Asian Americans Are Distinct From Other Ethnic Groups
Authors: Tien Andy , Sahota Amandeep , Yang Su-Jau , Balbuena Ronald , Chang Mimi , Lim Carolina , Fong Tse-Ling 
Published: October 2020

Goal:
The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) among Asian Americans compared with other ethnicities.

Background:
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects an estimated 2.7 million in the United States, but there are limited data on HCV among Asian Americans.

Study:
A total of 3,369,881 adults over the age of 18 who were patients of the integrated health care system in Southern California and 4903 Asian participants at community hepatitis screenings were included in a cross-sectional study. Variables included HCV serology, HCV genotype, comorbidities, and coinfections.

Results:
The prevalence of CHC was 1.3% in the general population (8271 adults) and 0.6% among Asians. The prevalence of CHC was significantly higher in the 1945-1965 birth cohort with 2.7% (5876) in the general population and 1.0% (313) among Asians (P<0.001). Asians had the highest rates of hepatitis B coinfection (2.9% vs. 0.2%, P<0.001). The distribution of genotypes among Asians differed from the general population with the most common genotype being 1b (27.5%) and a higher presence of genotype 6 (9.5%) (P<0.001). The presence of cirrhosis was 17.6% in Asians. Disaggregated Asian data showed that CHC was highest among Vietnamese and Cambodian and that genotype 6 was predominant among these 2 subgroups.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of chronic HCV was significantly lower in Asians compared with other ethnicities. However, disaggregated data among Asians showed the highest prevalence rates among adults from Vietnam and Cambodia.
Cholestasis Due to USP53 Deficiency
Authors: Bull Laura N. , Ellmers Rebecca , Foskett Pierre , Strautnieks Sandra , Sambrotta Melissa , Czubkowski Piotr , Jankowska Irena , Wagner Bart , Deheragoda Maesha , Thompson Richard J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Although a number of genetic forms of cholestasis have been identified, the genetic etiology of disease remains unidentified in a subset of cholestasis patients.

Methods:
Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in DNA from patients diagnosed with cholestasis, at different points on the continuum from progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis to benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis, in whom no disease mutations in known cholestasis genes had been identified. Candidate genes were then assessed in a larger patient sample, by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Disease features at presentation and follow-up were collected from available medical records.

Results:
By WES, we identified 3 patients with homozygous mutations in USP53. Screening of USP53 in a larger set of patients identified 4 additional patients with homozygous mutations in USP53. Six of the 7 patients had deletion mutations, and 1 had a missense mutation; 3 of the patients were siblings, all bearing a deletion that also disrupted neighboring MYOZ2. Age of onset ranged from early infancy to adolescence. Cholestasis tended to be biochemically mild and intermittent, and responsive to medication. Liver fibrosis was, however, present in all 4 patients who were biopsied, and splenomegaly was apparent in 5 of 7 at last ultrasound.

Conclusions:
Two groups recently identified patients with liver disease and mutation in USP53. We have now identified biallelic mutation in USP53 in 7 further patients with cholestasis, from 5 families. Most individuals had evidence of chronic liver disease, and long-term follow-up is recommended.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects of “Mindful Moms”
Authors: Kinser Patricia A. , Thacker Leroy R. , Rider Amy , Moyer Sara , Amstadter Ananda B. , Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Bodnar-Deren Susan , Starkweather Angela 
Published: October 2020

Background
Nonpharmacological and accessible therapies that engage individuals in self-management are needed to address depressive symptoms in pregnancy. The 12-week “Mindful Moms” intervention was designed to empower pregnant women with depressive symptomatology to create personal goals and engage in mindful physical activity using prenatal yoga.

Objectives
This longitudinal pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the “Mindful Moms” intervention in pregnant women with depressive symptoms.

Methods
We evaluated enrollment and retention data (feasibility) and conducted semistructured interviews (acceptability). We evaluated the intervention’s effects over time on participants’ depressive symptoms, anxiety, perceived stress, self-efficacy, and maternal–child attachment, and we compared findings to an archival comparison group, also assessed longitudinally.

Results
Enrollment and retention rates and positive feedback from participants support the intervention’s acceptability and feasibility. “Mindful Moms” participants experienced decreases in depressive symptoms, perceived stress, anxiety, ruminations, and maternal–child attachment and no change in physical activity self-efficacy from baseline to postintervention. Comparisons of the “Mindful Moms” intervention to the comparison groups over time indicated differences in depressive symptoms between all groups and a trend in differences in perceived stress.

Discussion
Results support the feasibility and acceptability of “Mindful Moms” for pregnant women with depressive symptoms and suggest that further research is warranted to evaluate this intervention for reducing depressive and related symptoms. Lack of a concurrent control group, with equivalent attention from study staff, and no randomization limit the generalizability of this study; yet, these preliminary findings support future large-scale randomized controlled trials to further evaluate this promising intervention.
Diagnosis and Management of Vulvovaginal Lichen Planus
Authors: Jacques Laura , Kornik Rachel , Bennett Daniel D. , Eschenbach David A. 
Published: October 2020

Importance
Genital lichen planus is a debilitating disorder that lacks definitive recommendations regarding diagnosis and treatment.

Objective
The aim of this study was to present best practices from available evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of genital lichen planus.

Evidence Acquisition
We conducted a narrative review of the literature on genital lichen planus by searching PubMed using the following search terms: “vulvar lichen planus” OR (vulvar diseases[mesh] OR vulva[mesh]) AND lichen planus[mesh] OR vulvar[ti] AND “lichen planus”[ti]. We included all languages and years in the search.

Results
The search resulted in 273 citations that we reviewed for relevancy and selected 60 as the foundation for this review that focuses on genital sites. Diagnosis can be made without biopsy, and when a biopsy is taken, the pathologic findings may be nonspecific. Topical ultrapotent corticosteroids are most commonly used as first-line treatment of genital lichen planus.

Conclusions and Relevance
When patients present with genital lichen planus, a complete review of systems and a thorough physical examination should be performed because of the prevalence of extragenital sites. Treatment of genital disease should start with a topical, ultrapotent steroid, and follow-up visits should occur to ensure improvement and to monitor for adverse drug reactions and malignancy.

Target Audience
Obstetricians, gynecologists, and family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After reading this article, readers should be able to differentiate between lichen planus and other common vulvar dermatoses on physical examination; evaluate a patient for nongenital manifestations of lichen planus; assess if a vulvar biopsy is necessary for diagnosis; and construct a management plan for patients affected by genital lichen planus.