bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term clinical outcomes of losartan in patients with Marfan syndrome: follow-up of the multicentre randomized controlled COMPARE trial
Authors: van Andel Mitzi M , Indrakusuma Reza , Jalalzadeh Hamid , Balm Ron , Timmermans Janneke , Scholte Arthur J , van den Berg Maarten P , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Mulder Barbara J M , de Waard Vivian , Groenink Maarten 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
The COMPARE trial showed a small but significant beneficial effect of 3-year losartan treatment on aortic root dilatation rate in adults with Marfan syndrome (MFS). However, no significant effect was found on clinical endpoints, possibly due to a short follow-up period. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the long-term clinical outcomes after losartan treatment.

Methods and results
In the original COMPARE study (inclusion 2008–2009), adult patients with MFS (n = 233) were randomly allocated to either the angiotensin-II receptor blocker losartan® on top of regular treatment (β-blockers in 71% of the patients) or no additional medication. After the COMPARE trial period of 3 years, study subjects chose to continue their losartan medication or not. In a median follow-up period of 8 years, 75 patients continued losartan medication, whereas 78 patients, originally allocated to the control group, never used losartan after inclusion. No differences existed between baseline characteristics of the two groups except for age at inclusion [losartan 34 (interquartile range, IQR 26–43) years, control 41 (IQR 30–52) years; P = 0.031], and β-blocker use (losartan 81%, control 64%; P = 0.022). A pathological FBN1 mutation was present in 76% of patients and 58% of the patients were male. Clinical endpoints, defined as all-cause mortality, aortic dissection/rupture, elective aortic root replacement, reoperation, and vascular graft implantation beyond the aortic root, were compared between the two groups. A per-patient composite endpoint was also analysed. Five deaths, 14 aortic dissections, 23 aortic root replacements, 3 reoperations, and 3 vascular graft implantations beyond the aortic root occurred during follow-up. Except for aortic root replacement, all endpoints occurred in patients with an operated aortic root. Patients who used losartan during the entire follow-up period showed a reduced number of events compared to the control group (death: 0 vs. 5, P = 0.014; aortic dissection: 3 vs. 11, P = 0.013; elective aortic root replacement: 10 vs. 13, P = 0.264; reoperation: 1 vs. 2, P = 0.463; vascular graft implantations beyond the aortic root 0 vs. 3, P = 0.071; and composite endpoint: 14 vs. 26, P = 0.019). These results remained similar when corrected for age and β-blocker use in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
These results suggest a clinical benefit of combined losartan and β-blocker treatment in patients with MFS.
Retrieval of amplitude and attenuation from ambient seismic noise: synthetic data and practical considerations
Authors: Zhou Lianqing , Song Xiaodong , Weaver Richard L 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARY
Ambient noise correlation has been used extensively to retrieve traveltimes of surface waves. However, studies of retrieving amplitude information and attenuation from ambient noise are limited. In this study, we develop methods and strategies to extract Rayleigh wave amplitude and attenuation from ambient noise correlation, based on theoretical derivation, numerical simulation, and practical considerations of real seismic data. The synthetic data included a numerical simulation of a highly anisotropic noise source and Earth-like temporally varying strength. Results from synthetic data validate that amplitudes and attenuations can indeed be extracted from noise correlations for a linear array. A temporal flattening procedure is effective in speeding up convergence while preserving relative amplitudes. The traditional one-bit normalization and other types of temporal normalization that are applied to each individual station separately are problematic in recovering attenuation and should be avoided. In this study, we propose an ‘asynchronous’ temporal flattening procedure for real data that does not require all stations to have data at the same time. Furthermore, we present the detailed procedure for amplitude retrieval from ambient noise. Tests on real data suggest attenuations extracted from our noise-based methods are comparable with those from earthquakes. Our study shows an exciting promise of retrieving amplitude and attenuation information from ambient noise correlations and suggests practical considerations for applications to real data.
Characteristics of REPRIEVE Trial Participants Identifying Across the Transgender Spectrum
Authors: Smeaton Laura M , Kileel Emma M , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Gardner Edward M , Starr Kate , Murry Melissa L , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice , Alston-Smith Beverly , Waclawiw Myron A , Cooper-Arnold Katharine , Madruga José V , Sangle Shashi , Fitch Kathleen V , Zanni Markella V , Douglas Pamela S , Ribaudo Heather J , Grinspoon Steven K , Klingman Karin L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause persons who identify across the transgender spectrum (PATS) are a key population in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) yet are underreported in HIV and cardiovascular research, we aimed to characterize this population within the REPRIEVE global clinical trial (n = 7770). Acceptance of gathering gender identity was high (96%). Participation by PATS was 1.7% overall, 2.4% among natal males, 0.3% among natal females, and varied across geographic regions (from 0% in sub-Saharan Africa to 2.3% in High Income Region). Thirty percent of natal male PATS identified other than transgender. Some characteristics differed by gender. Most notably, 38% of natal male PATS receiving gender-affirming treatment had waist circumference &gt;102 cm (compared with ≤25% in other groups). Given that PATS is a key population, HIV research should routinely report trial participation and outcomes by gender in addition to natal sex, to provide the results needed to optimize medical care to PATS.
Modeling-Based Response-Guided Glecaprevir-Pibrentasvir Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C to Identify Patients for Ultrashort Treatment Duration
Authors: Dasgupta Swikriti , Imamura Michio , Gorstein Evan , Nakahara Takashi , Tsuge Masataka , Churkin Alexander , Yardeni David , Etzion Ohad , Uprichard Susan L , Barash Danny , Cotler Scott J , Dahari Harel , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We recently showed in a proof-of-concept study that real-time modeling-based response-guided therapy can shorten hepatitis C virus treatment duration with sofosbuvir-velpatasvir, elbasvir-grazoprevir, and sofosbuvir-ledipasvir without compromising efficacy, confirming our retrospective modeling reports in &gt;200 patients. However, retrospective modeling of pibrentasvir-glecaprevir (P/G) treatment has yet to be evaluated. In the current study, modeling hepatitis C virus kinetics in 44 cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients predicts that P/G treatment might have been reduced to 4, 6, and 7 weeks in 16%, 34%, and 14% of patients, respectively. These results support the further evaluation of a modeling-based response-guided therapy approach using P/G.
Diabetes-Related Complications and Pancreatic Cancer Incidence in the Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Farias Albert J , Wu Anna H , Porcel Jacqueline , Marchand Loïc Le , Wilkens Lynne R , Monroe Kristine R , Maskarinec Gertraud , Pandol Stephen J , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. However, it is unclear whether diabetes-related complications are associated with risk of pancreatic cancer.

Methods
A nested matched case-control analysis was conducted among the fee-for-service Medicare participants of the prospective Multiethnic Cohort (n = ∼123 000). Between 2001 and 2014, 433 incident cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were matched to 1728 controls by birth year, sex, race and ethnicity, and age at cohort entry. Participants were linked to data from the California and Hawaii cancer registries and Medicare claims. We used the diabetes complications severity index (DCSI) for the presence of 7 complications within 2 years prior to the diagnosis date of the index case. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association of DCSI with pancreatic cancer incidence.

Results
Diabetes was present among 45.4% of cases and 34.1% of controls. Cases had higher DCSI score compared with controls (score ≥4: 32.8% in cases; 21.2% in controls). The most prevalent diabetes-related complications for cases were cardiovascular disease (61.2%), nephropathy (31.2%), and cerebrovascular disease (21.7%). Individuals with diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14 to 1.91), nephropathy (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.33), cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.44), and metabolic complications (OR = 6.61, 95% CI = 2.49 to 17.50) were at increased risk of pancreatic cancer. For every 1-unit increase in DCSI score, participants had 18% greater risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.25).

Conclusions
Participants with diabetes-related complications have an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer. Identifying diabetes-related complications may help identify high-risk groups who can be studied for development of early markers for this fatal cancer.
Infections Within the First Month After Pediatric Lung Transplantation: Epidemiology and Impact on Outcomes
Authors: Onyearugbulem Chinyere , Coss-Bu Jorge , Gazzaneo Maria C , Melicoff Ernestina , Das Shailendra , Lam Fong , Mallory George B , Munoz Flor M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite successes in lung transplantation, with infection as the leading cause of death in the first year following lung transplantation, there remains a lag in survival compared with other solid organ transplants. Infections that occur early after transplantation may impact short- and long-term outcomes in pediatric lung transplant recipients (LTRs).

Methods
We performed a retrospective review of pediatric LTRs at a large quaternary-care hospital from January 2009 to March 2016 to evaluate both epidemiologic features of infection in the first 30 days post-transplantation and mortality outcomes. The 30 days were divided into early (0–7 days) and late (8–30 days) periods.

Results
Among the 98 LTRs, there were 51 episodes of infections. Cystic fibrosis (CF) was associated with early bacterial infections (P = .004) while non-CF was associated with late viral (P = .02) infections. Infection after transplantation was associated with worse survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P value log rank test = .007). Viral infection in the late period was significantly associated with 3-year mortality after multivariable analysis (P = .02).

Conclusions
Infections in pediatric LTRs were frequent in the first 30 days after transplant, despite perioperative antimicrobial coverage. The association of 3-year mortality with late viral infections suggests a possible important role in post-transplant lung physiology and graft function. Understanding the epidemiology of early post-lung transplant infections can help guide post-operative management and interventions to reduce their incidence and the early- and long-term impact in this population.
Root phenotypes of young wheat plants grown in controlled environments show inconsistent correlation with mature root traits in the field
Authors: Rich Sarah M , Christopher Jack , Richards Richard , Watt Michelle 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Using a field to lab approach, mature deep-rooting traits in wheat were correlated to root phenotypes measured on young plants from controlled conditions. Mature deep-rooting root traits of 20 wheat genotypes at maturity were established via coring in three field trials across 2 years. Field traits were correlated to phenotypes expressed by the 20 genotypes after growth in four commonly used lab screens: (i) soil tubes for root emergence, elongation, length, and branching at four ages to 34 days after sowing (DAS); (ii) paper pouches 7 DAS and (iii) agar chambers for primary root (PR) number and angles at 8 DAS; and (iv) soil baskets for PR and nodal root (NR) number and angle at 42 DAS. Correlations between lab and field root traits (r2=0.45–0.73) were highly inconsistent, with many traits uncorrelated and no one lab phenotype correlating similarly across three field experiments. Phenotypes most positively associated with deep field roots were: longest PR and NR axiles from the soil tube screen at 20 DAS; and narrow PR angle and wide NR angle from soil baskets at 42 DAS. Paper and agar PR angles were positively and significantly correlated to each other, but only wide outer PRs in the paper screen correlated positively to shallower field root traits. NR phenotypes in soil baskets were not predicted by PR phenotypes in any screen, suggesting independent developmental controls and value in measuring both root types in lab screens. Strong temporal and edaphic effects on mature root traits, and a lack of understanding of root trait changes during plant development, are major challenges in creating controlled-environment root screens for mature root traits in the field.
ProSpect: generating spectral energy distributions with complex star formation and metallicity histories
Authors: Robotham A S G , Bellstedt S , Lagos C del P , Thorne J E , Davies L J , Driver S P , Bravo M 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce ProSpect, a generative galaxy spectral energy distribution (SED) package that encapsulates the best practices for SED methodologies in a number of astrophysical domains. ProSpect comes with two popular families of stellar population libraries (BC03 and EMILES), and a large variety of methods to construct star formation and metallicity histories. It models dust through the use of a Charlot & Fall attenuation model, with re-emission using Dale far-infrared templates. It also has the ability to model active galactic nucleus (AGN) through the inclusion of a simple AGN and hot torus model. Finally, it makes use of MAPPINGS-III photoionization tables to produce line emission features. We test the generative and inversion utility of ProSpect through application to the Shark galaxy formation semi-analytic code, and informed by these results produce fits to the final ultraviolet to far-infrared photometric catalogues produces by the Galaxy and Mass Assembly Survey. As part of the testing of ProSpect, we also produce a range of simple photometric stellar mass approximations covering a range of filters for both observed frame and rest-frame photometry.
Galaxy mergers in eagle do not induce a significant amount of black hole growth yet do increase the rate of luminous AGN
Authors: McAlpine Stuart , Harrison Chris M , Rosario David J , Alexander David M , Ellison Sara L , Johansson Peter H , Patton David R 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the connection between galaxy–galaxy mergers and enhanced black hole (BH) growth using the cosmological hydrodynamical eagle simulation. We do this via three methods of analysis, investigating: the merger fraction of AGN, the AGN fraction of merging systems, and the AGN fraction of galaxies with close companions. In each case, we find an increased abundance of AGN within merging systems relative to control samples of inactive or isolated galaxies (by up to a factor of ≈3 depending on the analysis method used), confirming that mergers are enhancing BH accretion rates for at least a subset of the galaxy population. The greatest excess of AGN triggered via a merger are found in lower mass (M* ∼ 1010 M⊙) gas rich (fgas &gt; 0.2) central galaxies with lower mass BHs (MBH ∼ 107 M⊙) at lower redshifts (z &lt; 1). We find no enhancement of AGN triggered via mergers in more massive galaxies (M* ≳ 1011 M⊙). The enhancement of AGN is not uniform throughout the phases of a merger, and instead peaks within the early remnants of merging systems (typically lagging ≈300 Myr post-coalescence of the two galaxies at z = 0.5). We argue that neither major ($M_{\mathrm{*,1}} / M_{\mathrm{*,2}} \ge \frac{1}{4}$) nor minor mergers ($\frac{1}{10} \lt M_{\mathrm{*,1}} / M_{\mathrm{*,2}} \lt \frac{1}{4}$) are statistically relevant for enhancing BH masses globally. Whilst at all redshifts the galaxies experiencing a merger have accretion rates that are on average 2–3 times that of isolated galaxies, the majority of mass that is accreted on to BHs occurs outside the periods of a merger. We compute that on average no more than 15 per cent of a BHs final day mass comes from the enhanced accretion rates triggered via a merger.
Ionic emissions in comet C/2016 R2 (Pan-STARRS)
Authors: Venkataramani Kumar , Ganesh Shashikiran , Baliyan Kiran S 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We have carried out observations of a peculiar comet, C/2016 R2 (Pan-STARRS), using a low-resolution spectrograph mounted on the 1.2-m telescope at Mount Abu Infrared Observatory, India. The comet was observed on two dates in 2018 January, when it was at a heliocentric distance of 2.8 au. A study based on our observations has revealed that the optical spectrum of this comet is quite unusual compared with general cometary spectra. Most major cometary emissions, such as C2, C3 and CN, were absent in comet C/2016 R2. However, the comet’s spectrum showed very strong emission bands from ionic species such as CO+ and N$_{2}^{+}$. A mean N2/CO ratio of 0.09 ± 0.02 was derived from the spectra and an extremely low depletion factor of 1.6 ± 0.4 has been estimated for this ratio compared with the solar nebula. We have also detected minor emission features beyond 5400 Å, albeit marginally. The column densities of CO+ and N$_{2}^{+}$ were calculated from their emission bands. The optical spectrum suggests that the cometary ice is dominated by CO. The low depletion factor of the N2/CO ratio in this comet, compared with the solar nebula, and the unusual spectrum of the comet are consequences of distinctive processing at the location of its formation in the early solar nebula.
Evidence that emission and absorption outflows in quasars are related
Authors: Xu Xinfeng , Zakamska Nadia L , Arav Nahum , Miller Timothy , Benn Chris 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse VLT/X-shooter data for seven quasars, where we study the relationships between their broad absorption line (BAL) and emission line outflows. We find (1) the luminosity of the [O iii] λ5007 emission profile decreases with increasing electron number density ($n_\mathrm{e}$) derived from the BAL outflow in the same quasar, (2) the measured velocity widths from the [O iii] emission features and C iv absorption troughs in the same object are similar, and (3) the mean radial velocity derived from the BAL outflow is moderately larger than the one from the [O iii] emission outflow. These findings are consistent with [O iii] and BAL outflows being different manifestations of the same wind, and the observed relationships are likely a reflection of the outflow density distribution. When we have outflows with smaller distances to the central source, their $n_\mathrm{e}$ is higher. Therefore, the [O iii] emission is collisionally de-excited and the [O iii] luminosity is then suppressed. Comparisons to previous studies show that the objects in our sample exhibit broad [O iii] emission features similar to the ones in extremely red quasars (ERQs). This might imply that BAL quasars and ERQs have the same geometry of outflows or are at a similar evolutionary stage. We find that the physical parameters derived from the BAL outflows can explain the amount of observed [O iii] luminosity, which strengthens our claim that both BAL and [O iii] outflows are from the same wind. These estimates can be tested with upcoming James Webb Space Telescope, which will be able to spatially resolve some of the ionized gas outflows.
Stellar property statistics of massive haloes from cosmological hydrodynamics simulations: common kernel shapes
Authors: Anbajagane Dhayaa , Evrard August E , Farahi Arya , Barnes David J , Dolag Klaus , McCarthy Ian G , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We study stellar property statistics, including satellite galaxy occupation, of haloes in three cosmological hydrodynamics simulations: BAHAMAS + MACSIS, IllustrisTNG, and Magneticum Pathfinder. Applying localized linear regression, we extract halo mass-conditioned normalizations, slopes, and intrinsic covariance for (i) Nsat, the number of stellar mass-thresholded satellite galaxies within radius R200c of the halo; (ii) $M_{\star , \rm tot}$, the total stellar mass within that radius, and (iii) $M_{\star ,\rm BCG}$, the gravitationally bound stellar mass of the central galaxy within a $100 \, \rm kpc$ radius. The parameters show differences across the simulations, in part from numerical resolution, but there is qualitative agreement for the $N_{\rm sat}\!-\! M_{\star ,\rm BCG}$ correlation. Marginalizing over Mhalo, we find the Nsat kernel, $p(\ln N_{\rm sat}\, |\, M_{\rm halo}, z)$ to be consistently skewed left in all three simulations, with skewness parameter γ = −0.91 ± 0.02, while the $M_{\star , \rm tot}$ kernel shape is closer to lognormal. The highest resolution simulations find γ ≃ −0.8 for the z = 0 shape of the $M_{\star ,\rm BCG}$ kernel. We provide a Gaussian mixture fit to the low-redshift Nsat kernel as well as local linear regression parameters tabulated for $M_{\rm halo}\gt 10^{13.5} \, {\rm M}_\odot$ in all simulations.
The ISM local to the runaway star WR16
Authors: Cichowolski S , Duronea N U , Suad L A , Reynoso E M , Noriega-Crespo A , Bronfman L 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Massive stars leave their imprint on the interstellar medium as they radiate their energy and undergo episodes of mass ejection throughout their lives. In this paper, we analyse the case of the Wolf–Rayet star WR16 combining archival multiwavelength data with new molecular observations obtained with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE). Our results suggest that during the main-sequence phase, WR16 swept up the surrounding gas creating a molecular structure (which we call Component 1) which also contains very cold dust observed in the infrared band. In a subsequent stage of evolution, as an LBV, the star underwent mass eruptions that were later overrun by the fast winds of the current WR phase. The final result is the round nebula revealed by the optical and IR images, and the molecular clumps detected. We have also computed the peculiar velocity of WR16 using Gaia data and, accordingly, confirm it as a runaway star. We propose that several features observed in different wavelengths can be explained under a bow-shock scenario linked to the high velocity of WR16.