bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent tachypnea of infancy: Follow up at school age
Authors: Seidl Elias , Carlens Julia , Schwerk Nicolaus , Wetzke Martin , Marczak Honorata , Lange Joanna , Krenke Katarzyna , Mayell Sarah J. , Escribano Amparo , Seidenberg Jürgen , Ahrens Frank , Hebestreit Helge , Nährlich Lutz , Sismanlar Tugba , Aslan Ayse T. , Snijders Deborah , Ullmann Nicola , Kappler Matthias , Griese Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI) is a rare pediatric lung disease of unknown origin. The diagnosis can be made by clinical presentation and chest high resolution computed tomography after exclusion of other causes. Clinical courses beyond infancy have rarely been assessed.MethodsPatients included in the Kids Lung Register diagnosed with PTI as infants and now older than 5 years were identified. Initial presentation, extrapulmonary comorbidities, spirometry and clinical outcome were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐five children older than 5 years with PTI diagnosed as infants were analyzed. At the age of 5 years, 74% of the patients were reported as asymptomatic and did not develope new symptoms during the observational period at school‐age (mean, 3.9 years; range, 0.3‐6.3). At the age of about 10 years, none of the symptomatic children had abnormal oxygen saturation during sleep or exercise anymore. Lung function tests and breathing frequency were within normal values throughout the entire observational period.ConclusionsPTI is a pulmonary disease that can lead to respiratory insufficiency in infancy. As at school age most of the previously chronically affected children became asymptomatic and did not develop new symptoms. We conclude that the overall clinical course is favorable.
Pseudo‐Bartter syndrome in Chinese children with cystic fibrosis: Clinical features and genotypic findings
Authors: Shen Yuelin , Tang Xiaolei , Liu Jinrong , Li Huiming , Zhao Shunying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the clinical and genotypic features of cystic fibrosis‐associated pseudo‐Bartter syndrome (CF‐PBS) in Chinese children.MethodsWe recruited and characterized the clinical manifestations of 12 Chinese children with CF‐PBS. Sweat test, blood and urinary analysis, sputum culture, chest and sinus computed tomography, and abdominal ultrasonography were obtained. Whole‐exome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and Sanger sequencing validation were performed to define the genotypes.ResultsCF‐PBS was accompanied by recurrent and/or persistent pneumonia (91.7%), pancreatitis (83.3%), vomiting and/or diarrhea (66.7%), failure to thrive and liver disease (58.3% respectively), among our patients. The predominant organisms found in the airways were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (83.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (75.0%). The mean concentrations of blood gas and electrolytes were pH 7.58, bicarbonate 40.8 mmol/L, sodium 125.9 mmol/L, chloride 77.5 mmol/L, and potassium 2.6 mmol/L. A high recurrence rate (50.0%) of CF‐PBS was observed despite continued electrolyte supplementation during follow‐up. In all, 19 different variants of CFTR gene were identified, and 10 of these were found to be novel observations (c.262_266delTTATA[p.L88FfsX21], c.579+2insACAT, c.1210‐3C>G, c.1733T>C[p.L578P], c.2236_2246delGAGGCGATACTinsAAAAATC[p.E746KfsX8], c.3068T>G [p.I1023R], c.3635delT[p.V1212AfsX16], c.3859delG[p.G1287EfsX2], c.3964‐7A>G and ΔE23 [c.3718‐?_3873+?del]). The c.2909G>A[p.G970D] was the most common variant, with an allele frequency of 16.6%. A homozygous genotype of c.1521_1523delCTT[p.F508del] was discovered for the first time in patients of Chinese origin.ConclusionsIn China, CF‐PBS usually presents early and recurs frequently in infancy, accompanied by multiple comorbidities. Recurrence of CF‐PBS in school‐going patients does occur but is rare. The p.G970D is the most frequent variant, with a significant ethnic tendency of Chinese origin.
Abdominal and pelvic adipose tissue distribution and risk of prostate cancer recurrence after radiation therapy
Authors: Di Bella Claire M. , Howard Lauren E. , Oyekunle Taofik , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Salama Joseph K. , Song Haijun , Freedland Stephen J. , Allott Emma H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFat distribution varies between individuals of similar body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that visceral obesity is more strongly associated with poor prostate cancer outcomes than overall obesity defined by BMI.Materials and MethodsWe quantified abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat area (VFA and SFA), and pelvic periprostatic adipose tissue area (PPAT), using computed tomography scans from radiation‐treated prostate cancer patients at the Durham North Carolina Veterans Administration Hospital. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression examined associations between each adiposity measure and risk of recurrence, overall and stratified by race and receipt of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).ResultsOf 401 patients (59% black) treated from 2005 to 2011, 84 (21%) experienced recurrence during 9.3 years median follow‐up. Overall, obesity defined by BMI was not associated with recurrence risk overall or stratified by race or ADT, nor was any measure of fat distribution related to the risk of recurrence overall or by race. However, higher VFA was associated with increased risk of recurrence in men who received radiation only (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87‐3.66), but inversely associated with recurrence risk in men treated with radiation and ADT (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24‐1.03; P‐interaction = .002), though neither association reached statistical significance. Similar patterns of ADT‐stratified associations were observed for PPAT and SFA.ConclusionsAssociations between abdominal and pelvic adiposity measures and recurrence risk differed significantly by ADT receipt, with positive directions of association observed only in men not receiving ADT. If confirmed, our findings suggest that obesity may have varying effects on prostate cancer progression risk dependent on the hormonal state of the individual.
The effects of dryland cropping system intensity on soil function and associated changes in macrofauna communities
Authors: Kelly Courtland , Schipanski Meagan , Kondratieff Boris , Sherrod Lucretia , Schneekloth Joel , Fonte Steven J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCrop production in water‐limited environments may be enhanced through improved soil function by facilitating precipitation capture and erosion control. Soil macrofauna are known to support improved soil structure and water dynamics through ecosystem engineering activities, and their populations can be influenced by management. We examined the effect of bare summer fallow frequency on soil macrofauna communities and soil physical properties in a long‐term (32‐yr) dryland no‐till agroecosystem experiment at two sites in eastern Colorado, USA. Treatments represented a gradient of fallow frequency and organic matter inputs, which included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow, wheat–corn (Zea mays L.)–fallow, and continuously cropped with no planned summer fallow. The design also included a perennial grass treatment with minimal management consisting of six native grasses. We observed links between soil macrofauna and soil functional metrics, particularly related to soil aggregation and water infiltration. There was a trend toward higher macrofauna populations and soil function with increased cropping system intensity, and perennial grass outperformed the cropped treatments significantly for most soil health parameters. Multivariate analyses revealed that different treatments support relatively distinct macrofauna communities. Our results suggest that soil macrofauna populations may be important facilitators of soil structure and associated water dynamics in dryland no‐till agroecosystems and respond positively to reduced fallow and higher organic inputs.
SafeMan: A unified framework to manage cybersecurity and safety in manufacturing industry
Authors: Perales Gómez Ángel Luis , Fernández Maimó Lorenzo , Huertas Celdrán Alberto , García Clemente Félix J. , Gil Pérez Manuel , Martínez Pérez Gregorio 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIndustrial control systems (ICS) are considered cyber‐physical systems that join both cyber and physical worlds. Due to their tight interaction, where humans and robots co‐work and co‐inhabit in the same workspaces and production lines, cyber‐attacks targeting ICS can alter production processes and even bypass safety procedures. As an example, these cyber‐attacks could interrupt physical industrial processes and cause potential injuries to workers. In this article, we present SafeMan, a unified management framework based on the Edge Computing paradigm that provides high‐performance applications for the detection and mitigation of both cyber‐attacks and safety threats in industrial scenarios. Three use cases show specific threats in manufacturing as well as the SafeMan actions carried out to detect and mitigate them. In order to validate our proposal, a pool of experiments was performed with Electra, an industrial dataset with normal network traffic and different cyber‐attacks by using a given number of Modbus TCP and S7Comm devices. The experiments measured the runtime performance of anomaly detection techniques based on machine learning and deep learning to detect cyber‐attacks in control networks. The experimental results show that Neural Networks report the best performance, being able to examine 217 feature vectors per second over Electra, and therefore demonstrating that it can be used as detection model for SafeMan in real scenarios.
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Amine‐Modified Starch Nanoparticles
Authors: Awg Suhai Awangku Abdullah Kamarol , Chin Suk‐Fun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, amine‐modified starch (AMS) nanoparticles are prepared from native sago starch (Metroxylon sagu) through a facile, economical, and aqueous‐based approach. Dialdehyde starch is initially synthesized by reacting sago starch with sodium periodate and followed by the addition of ethylenediamine for the preparation of AMS. The percentage of amine content and degree of substitution of AMS is determined by back‐titration technique. The degree of substitution of AMS is determined to be within the range of 0.9973 to 0.9984, respectively. Subsequently, AMS nanoparticles with mean particle diameters ranged between 170 and 280 nm are obtained by controlled precipitation through the drop‐wise addition of AMS solution into excess ethanol solution. The mean particle sizes of AMS nanoparticles are observed to be affected by the synthesis parameters including the ratio of solvent and non‐solvent system.
Corn‐based Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Parsimehr Hamidreza , Ehsani Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe attention to renewable materials is amazingly increased in recent years to decrease environmental pollutions. Zea mays (corn) is one of the most produced plants by humans to provide food and energy. Hence, corn wastes as abundant and low‐cost biomass are easily found throughout the world. Tremendous efforts have been accomplished in recent years to fabricate electrochemical energy storage devices (EES) from renewable biomass materials because of increasing attention to the environment. All main parts of EES devices include electrodes, binder, electrolyte, and membrane (separator) can be produced via corn waste biochar and corn derivatives. The low‐cost corn‐based EES devices not only decrease environmental pollution but also have significant electrochemical properties include specific capacitance and electrochemical durability. This review investigates state‐of‐the‐art development in the corn‐based EES devices.
“Eu sei, I know”: Equity and Immigrant Experience in a Portuguese‐English Dual Language Bilingual Education Program
Authors: Oliveira Gabrielle , Lima Becker Mariana , Chang-Bacon Chris K. 
Published: August 2020

Recent scholarship reveals how English can be disproportionately privileged in dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programming (Cervantes‐Soon et al., 2017; Valdés, 1997). Through a program designed to serve Brazilian (im)migrant populations, this study expands the scope of DLBE research. This study took place in the U.S. state of Massachusetts, which has just emerged from a 15‐year period of English‐only legislation. It explores language status in a context of Portuguese Brazilian (im)migrant experience that has been largely unexplored in the TESOL literature. The researchers argue that there are three main dynamics of equity and language practices that need examination. While dual language teachers highly valued instruction in Portuguese, not all community stakeholders viewed Portuguese as a valuable language, accentuating inequalities in the experiences of children in the classroom. Brazilian immigrant children actively positioned themselves as experts during Portuguese instruction, however, often, they did not enjoy the attention and support that their English‐dominant peers experienced. Finally, Brazilian immigrant students' participation in the Portuguese‐led portions of the day was not conducive to further development of their advanced Portuguese knowledge. Through the combination of these dynamics, Brazilian immigrant children elevated the status of the language in their formal instructional environment, but were not themselves afforded a similarly high status.
Activated sludge and other aerobic suspended culture processes
Authors: Ouyang Jia , Li Chunying , Wei Li , Wei Dong , Zhao Min , Zhao Zhen , Zhang Jie , Chang Chein‐Chi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of activated sludge related to suspended growth processes for the year 2019. The review encompasses process modeling of activated sludge, microbiology of activated sludge, process kinetics and mechanism, nitrogen and phosphorus control, design, and operation in the activated sludge field. The fate and effect of xenobiotics in activated sludge, including trace organic contaminant and heavy metal xenobiotics, which had influence on the growth of suspended sludge, are covered in this review. Compared to past reviews, many topics show increase in activity in 2019. These include, biokinetics process of aerobic granular sludge formation, pyrolysis kinetic mechanism of granular sludge. These topics are referred to formation and disintegration of granular sludge. Other sections include activated sludge settling model, toxicity resistant microbial community, nitritation–anammox processes for nitrogen removal, and respirometry used in the operation of real wastewater treatment plant are especially highlighted in this review.Practitioner Points

Biokinetics process of aerobic granular sludge formation

Toxicity resistant microbial community in activated sludge

Nitritation‐anammox processes for nitrogen removal in activated sludge
Detection, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants in agricultural environments (2020)
Authors: Snow Daniel D. , Cassada David A. , Biswas Saptashati , Malakar Arindam , D'Alessio Matteo , Marshall Alice H. L. , Sallach Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA review of 79 papers published in 2019 is presented. The topics ranged from detailed descriptions of analytical methods, to fate and occurrence studies, to ecological effects and sampling techniques for a wide variety of emerging contaminants likely to occur in agricultural environments. New methods and studies on veterinary pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and engineered nanomaterials in agricultural environments continue to expand our knowledge base on the occurrence and potential impacts of these compounds. This review is divided into the following sections: Introduction, Analytical Methods, Antibiotics in Agroecosystems, Pharmaceutical Fate and Occurrence, Anthelmintics and Engineered Nanomaterials.Practitioner points

New research describes innovative new techniques for emerging contaminant detection in agricultural settings

Newer classes of contaminants include human and veterinary pharmaceuticals

Research in nanomaterials show that these also occur in agricultural environments and will likely be topics of future work
Practice effects vs. transfer effects in the Simon task
Authors: D’Ascenzo Stefania , Lugli Luisa , Nicoletti Roberto , Umiltà Carlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Simon effect refers to the fact that, even though stimulus position is task-irrelevant, responses to a task-relevant stimulus dimension are faster and more accurate when the stimulus and response spatially correspond than when they do not. Although the Simon effect is a very robust phenomenon, it is modulated by practice or transfer from previous tasks. Practice refers to the modulation of the Simon effect as a function of number of trials. Transfer refers to the modulation of the Simon effect as a function of preceding tasks. The aim of the present study is to disentangle the role of practice and transfer in modulating the Simon effect and to investigate whether such modulation can be extended to a different response modality. Three experiments were conducted, which included three sessions: the Baseline session, the Inducer session and the Diagnostic session. The task performed in the Baseline and the Diagnostic sessions were comprised of location-irrelevant trials (i.e., they were Simon tasks). The task performed in the Inducer session required performing location-relevant trials (i.e., it was a spatial compatibility task with a compatible or an incompatible stimulus–response mapping). In the first and third experiments, participants were required to respond manually in all sessions. In the second experiment, the task performed in the Inducer session required manual response, while in the Baseline and Diagnostic sessions the tasks required ocular response. Results showed a reduced-Diagnostic Simon effect after both compatible and incompatible mapping in the Inducer session, regardless of whether response modality was the same or different. These results support the notion that the practice effect prevails over the transfer effect.
Investigating the incidence, nature, severity and potential causality of medication errors in hospital settings in Qatar
Authors: Thomas Binny , Pallivalapila Abdulrouf , El Kassem Wessam , Al Hail Moza , Paudyal Vibhu , McLay James , MacLure Katie , Stewart Derek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground Medication errors are a major public health concern that negatively impact patient safety and health outcomes. Effective and efficient medication error reporting systems and practices are imperative in reducing error incidence and severity. Objective The objectives were to quantify the incidence, nature and severity of medication errors, and to explore potential causality using a theoretical framework. Setting The study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the largest public funded academic healthcare center in the state of Qatar. Methods A retrospective review of medication error reports submitted to the Hamad Medical Corporation incident reporting system during 2015 to 2017. Data related to number of reports, reporter, medication, severity and outcomes were extracted. Reason’s Accident Causation Model was used as a theoretical framework for identifying potential causality. Two researchers independently categorized errors as: active failures (e.g. forgetting to administer medication at scheduled time); error provoking conditions (e.g. medication prescribed by an unauthorized physician and administered to the patient); and latent failures (e.g. organizational factors, lack of resources). Main outcome measures Incidence, classes of medications, reporter, error severity and outcomes, potential causality. Results A total of 5103 reports provided sufficient information to be included in the study giving an estimated error incidence of 0.044% of prescribed medication items. Most of the reports (91.5%, n = 4667) were submitted by pharmacists and majority (87.9%, n = 4485) were prescribing errors. The most commonly reported medications were anti-infectives for systemic use (22.0%, n = 1123) followed by medications to treat nervous system disorders (17.2%, n = 876). Only three errors reported to have caused temporary harm requiring intervention while one contributed to or resulted in temporary harm requiring initial or prolonged hospitalization. In terms of potential causality of medication errors, the majority (91.5%, n = 4671) were classified as active failures. Conclusion Almost all reports were submitted by pharmacists, indicating likely under-reporting affecting the actual incidence. Effort is required to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the reporting system. The use of the theoretical framework allowed identification of potential causality, largely in relation to active failures, which can inform the basis of interventions to improve medication safety.
Subject 01: exemplary Indigenous masculinity in Cold War genetics
Authors: DENT ROSANNA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 1962 a team of scientists conducted their first joint fieldwork in a Xavante village in Central Brazil. Recycling long-standing notions that living Indigenous people represented human prehistory, the scientists saw Indigenous people as useful subjects of study not only due to their closeness to nature, but also due to their sociocultural and political realities. The geneticists’ vision crystalized around one subject – the famous chief Apöwẽ. Through Apöwẽ, the geneticists fixated on what they perceived as the political prowess, impressive physique, and masculine reproductive aptitude of Xavante men. These constructions of charismatic masculinity came at the expense of recognizing how profoundly colonial expansion into Mato Grosso had destabilized Xavante communities, stripping them of their land and introducing epidemic disease. The geneticists’ theorizing prefigured debates to come in sociobiology, and set up an enduring research programme that Apöwẽ continues to animate even four decades after his death.
MARRIAGE AND EMPIRE: CONSOLIDATION IN POST-LIBERATION ETHIOPIA (1941–74)
Authors: Debele Serawit B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article deals with marriage as mobilized by the Ethiopian Empire as part of its consolidation processes after 1941. It particularly concentrates on post-liberation anxiety and how the Ethiopian Empire envisioned tackling this disquiet by reforming marriage. Within the context of (re)building the empire, policies, laws, and discourses around monogamous marriage instilled normative ideas to produce the imperial subjects — procreative and productive — that a modernizing empire required. Sex was articulated within the confines of a heterosexual union, not only as a legitimate act but also as a responsibility of couples who were accountable for the consolidation of the empire. Sexual relations out of marriage were condemned as a source of degeneracy and the ensuing danger that confronted the empire. New laws were introduced to legislate sex to tackle the unease the empire felt about non-normative sex and associated pleasure(s). What started out as a battle against the Italian legacy continued more forcefully in the 1950s and 1960s with the rise of ‘new problems’ that educated young women and men posed. The article relies on a range of sources such as policy, legal, religious, and travel documents; newspapers; and novels, as well as self-help books produced between the 1940s and 1960s.
Intentionality, evil, God, and necessity
Authors: HOROWITZ AMIR 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn an article in this issue, Kenneth Pearce suggests a novel solution to the ‘logical problem of evil’. That is, he defends the consistency of the obtaining of evil with the existence of an omnipotent and good creator. The basic idea of Pearce's solution to the logical problem of evil is that according to the teleological theory of intentionality, which is self-consistent and consistent with the claim that God exists, some evil is necessary for the existence of created minds, and this evil is outweighed by the good that is involved in the existence of created minds. The present article argues that this suggestion fails to solve the problem.