bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Ulinastatin against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Lv Bing , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Wang Da-Wei , Chen Jing , Han Dong-Feng , Liu Xiao-Liang 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is an extremely complicated pathological process
that is clinically characterized by high rates of disability and mortality. It is imperative to explore some effective
neuroprotective agents for its treatment. Ulinastatin is a protease inhibitor with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
activity. For the past few years, new studies of ulinastatin for the treatment of ischemic brain injury have
emerged.

Objective:
We conducted a review to summarize the mechanisms of ulinastatin and analyze its neuroprotective
action against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury.

Methods:
We reviewed and summarized pertinent reports published between 1993 and 2019 from PubMed, Web
of Science, and Embaseby searching for the scientific terms ulinastatin, cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury,
neuroprotective, stroke, cardiac arrest, and brain edema.

Results:
The protective mechanisms of ulinastatin in the key steps of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury include
inhibition of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, neuronal autophagy, and aquaporin-
4 expression as well as improvement in blood–brain barrier permeability. In addition, we provide a perspective
on potential research directions and clinical safety.

Conclusion:
Ulinastatin seems to have the potential to alleviate cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury. These
findings may be valuable to further promote the research and development of drug candidates and provide novel
and reliable references for rational drug use.
Administration of Antioxidants in the Infertile Male: When it may have a Beneficial Effect?
Authors: Kopa Zsolt , Keszthelyi Marton , Sofikitis Nikolaos 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are required for intact spermatogenesis and sperm
function, but excessive levels will cause oxidative stress, impairing sperms and sperm function due to membrane
damage and DNA fragmentation.

Objective:
Theoretically, antioxidant supplementation may act as a protection system against free radicals. Since
infertile males have higher levels of ROS, nutritional supplements are widely used for protecting sperms. In the
recent review, the authors summarize the most recent data regarding the effect of antioxidant treatment and draw
the attention of the limitations of antioxidant use in male infertility.

Methods:
The recent review gives an update of antioxidant treatment in male infertility.

Results:
Improvement of sperm parameters was reported in the majority of studies. Comparing different antioxidants
versus placebo showed low certainty of evidence with a serious risk of bias, and there is a lack regarding
certain doses, pregnancy rate, and live birth rate outcomes. Various clinical studies and randomized control trials
reported negative outcomes.

Conclusion:
An intact balance of oxidant and antioxidant systems is required for normal sperm function. No
guideline exists for the antioxidant dose regimen and treatment duration. Overdosing can result in reductive
stress, which is also harmful to fertility and can cause several diseases. Assessment of the pre-treatment redox
status can be recommended before the administration of exogenous antioxidants.
Clinical Application of Thiopurine Pharmacogenomics in Pediatrics
Authors: Pavlovic Sonja , Kotur Nikola , Stankovic Biljana , Gasic Vladimir , Lucafo Marianna , Decorti Giuliana , Zukic Branka 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Thiopurine drugs are used for the treatment of pediatric diseases. Inter-individual differences
in the metabolism of these drugs greatly influence the risk of thiopurine induced toxicity and therapy failure.
These differences are the consequence of genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic variability among patients. Pharmacogenomics
aims to individualize therapy according to the specific genetic signature of a patient. Treatment protocols
based on thiopurine drugs have already been improved by applying pharmacogenomics in pediatric clinical
practice.

Objective:
The aim of this review was to summarize the application of thiopurine pharmacogenomics in pediatric
patients suffering from acute leukemias, different types of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in posttransplant
care.

Methods:
We searched PubMed/Medline database to identify thiopurine pharmacogenomic markers clinically relevant
in pediatric diseases.

Results:
TPMT and NUDT15 pharmacogenomic testing is done in pediatric care, contributing to the reduction of
thiopurine induced toxicity. Data on numerous novel potential pharmacogenomic markers relevant for optimization
of thiopurine treatment are still controversial (ITPA, ABCC4, NT5C2, PRPS1, GSTM1, FTO gene variants). Majority
of evidences regarding thiopurine pharmacogenomics in pediatrics have been acquired by studying acute lymphoblastic
leukemia and inflammatory bowel disease. For other pediatric diseases, namely acute myeloid leukemia,
non-Hodgkin lymphoma, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, juvenile autoimmune hepatitis and renal
allograft transplantation, data are still scarce.

Conclusion:
Thiopurine pharmacogenomics has shown to be one of the best examples of successful application of
pharmacogenomics in pediatrics.
Chemical Metabolism of Xenobiotics by Gut Microbiota
Authors: Nakov Radislav , Velikova Tsvetelina 
Published: March 2020

:Among the gut microbiota’s newly explored roles in human biology is the ability to modify the chemical structures of foreign compounds (xenobiotics). A growing body of evidence has now provided sufficient acumen on the role of the gut microbiota on xenobiotic metabolism, which could have an intense impact on the therapy for various diseases in the future. Gut microbial xenobiotic metabolites have altered bioavailability, bioactivity and toxicity and can intervene with the actions of human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes to affect the destiny of other ingested molecules. These modifications are diverse and could lead to physiologically important consequences.:In the current manuscript we aim to review the data currently available on how the gut microbiota directly modifies drugs, dietary compounds, chemicals, pollutants, pesticides and herbal supplements.
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis is Related to Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-sectional Study of Minor Stroke
Authors: Gong Li , Wang Haichao , Dong Qiong , Zhu Xiaoping , Zheng Xiaoran , Gu Yongzhe , Cai Wangli , Zhao Yanxin , Liu Xueyuan 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (ICAS) is an important risk factor for cognitive
impairment. However, it is unclear whether patients with ICAS are more likely to develop cognitive
impairment after an acute, non-disabling ischemic stroke (minor stroke).

Objective:
We aimed to investigate the association between ICAS and post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, patients with acute, non-disabling ischemic stroke underwent two
cognitive tests and imaging evaluation for ICAS, within two weeks after the stroke. To determine the
association between ICAS and post-stroke cognitive impairment, we performed a multivariate logistic
regression analysis adjusted for several demographic and vascular risk factors.

Results:
Of the 164 patients with minor stroke in this study, 98 (59.76%) were diagnosed with poststroke
cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score<26). After adjusting for potential
confounders, we found that patients with ICAS were more likely to develop cognitive impairment after
an acute, non-disabling ischemic stroke, compared to patients without ICAS (Odds Ratio: 2.13; 95%
Confidence Interval: 1.07-4.26), and underperformed in the tests of visuospatial and executive function.

Conclusion:
In this cross-sectional study of a population that has experienced a minor stroke, our findings
demonstrated a positive association between ICAS and post-stroke cognitive impairment.
Synergism between Host Defence Peptides and Antibiotics Against Bacterial Infections
Authors: Li Jiarui , Fernández-Millán Pablo , Boix Ester 
Published: March 2020

Background:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to conventional antibiotics is becoming one of the main global health threats and novel alternative strategies are urging. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), once forgotten, are coming back into the scene as promising tools to overcome bacterial resistance. Recent findings have attracted attention to the potentiality of AMPs to work as antibiotic adjuvants.Methods:In this review, we have tried to collect the currently available information on the mechanism of action of AMPs in synergy with other antimicrobial agents. In particular, we have focused on the mechanisms of action that mediate the inhibition of the emergence of bacterial resistance by AMPs.Results and Conclusion:We find in the literature many examples where AMPs can significantly reduce the antibiotic effective concentration. Mainly, the peptides work at the bacterial cell wall and thereby facilitate the drug access to its intracellular target. Complementarily, AMPs can also contribute to permeate the exopolysaccharide layer of biofilm communities, or even prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth. Secondly, we find other peptides that can directly block the emergence of bacterial resistance mechanisms or interfere with the community quorum-sensing systems. Interestingly, the effective peptide concentrations for adjuvant activity and inhibition of bacterial resistance are much lower than the required for direct antimicrobial action. Finally, many AMPs expressed by innate immune cells are endowed with immunomodulatory properties and can participate in the host response against infection. Recent studies in animal models confirm that AMPs work as adjuvants at non-toxic concentrations and can be safely administrated for novel combined chemotherapies.
La Asistencia Sanitaria y el Derecho Fundamental a la salud en la Unión Europea
Authors: Martínez Navarro Juan Alejandro 
Published: March 2020

<p>La posibilidad de un espacio europeo sin fronteras se asienta sobre el libre desplazamiento de ciudadanos entre distintos estados miembro. La libre circulación se establece, de este modo, como un principio fundamental y como una herramienta esencial para el desarrollo del espacio europeo. No obstante, no podemos entender la libre circulación sin garantizar el derecho de los ciudadanos de la Unión Europea a recibir asistencia sanitaria segura y de calidad, tanto en el ámbito público como en el privado de otro Estado miembro de la UE.</p><div> </div>
Perbedaan Dataran Tinggi dan Dataran Rendah terhadap Keberagaman Spesies Anopheles spp. di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Widawati Mutiara , Nurjana Made Agus , Mayasari Rika 
Published: March 2020

Ecological studies on the vector species diversity usually focused on particular habitats and not a comparative study. Therefore, a research has been carried out to see the variation from one of many aspects which affects the condition of a habitat such as altitude. This study aimed to determine the Anopheles spp. species diversity between highland and lowland captured in the research of Vektora 2015-2016 in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study is a further analysis of Vektora Research Data from 2015 to 2016 in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The population in this study is the whole Anopheles spp. in East Nusa Tenggara Province from 2015-2016. The sample is Anopheles species caught on Vektora. The variables used in this study are categorical variables of highland or lowland, Anopheles species and dominance index. This study results indicate that there is a significant difference in the number of Anopheles obtained per species between the lowlands and the highlands. The number of Anopheles found in the lowland is higher than in the highland. The lowland have more Anopheles species variation compare to the highland. Anopheles annularis is the most commonly Anopheles found in the lowlands whereas Anopheles vagus is the most commonly Anopheles found in the highlands.
Faktor Penghambat Guru sebagai Fasilitator dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi di SMAN 2 Batusangkar
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: March 2020

Artikel ini menjelaskan hasil penelitian dengan fokus masalah hambatan guru sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian bertujauan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor penghambat guru berfungsi sebagai fasilitator dalam pembelajaran sosiologi di SMAN 2 Batusangkar. Hasil penelitian ini berguna bagi sekolah dan guru untuk meningkatkan fungsi guru fasilitator. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian studi kasus. Teknik pemilihan informan yang dipilih adalah purpose sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observsi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik dari Miles dan Huberman terdiri atas reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor yang menghambat guru sebagai fasilitator disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor dari sekolah, faktor guru, dan siswa. Faktor dari sekolah yaitu kurang maksimalnya fasilitas yang mendukung pengalaman belajar siswa, terutama dalam menyediakan sumber belajar atau buku. Faktor dari guru adalah : 1) guru kurang memiliki pengetahuan untuk memvariasikan media pembelajaran, 2) guru belum sepenuhnya melaksanakan pembelajaran sesuai dengan RPP, 3) guru fokus terhadap pemberian materi belajar, 4) guru terlalu mendominasi dalam belajar. Faktor dari siswa karena siswa tidak memiliki motivasi, siswa tidak fokus, serta tidak memiliki minat belajar. Teori yang sesuai untuk menganalisis masalah pada penelitian diatas adalah Teori Peran dari Robert Linton, Biddle dan Thomas, serta beberapa pendapat ahli lain yang masih mengkaji tentang Teori Peran
Respon kualitas dan ketahanan simpan cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) dengan penggunaan jenis bahan pengemas dan tingkat kematangan buah
Authors: Rochayat Yayat , Munika V. R. 
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi jenis bahan pengemas dan tingkat kematangan buah terhadap respon kualitas simpan cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juli 2012 di Cikole Lembang, dilanjut dengan pengamatan di Laboratorium Hortikul-tura, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padja-djaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola tunggal yang terdiri sepuluh kombinasi dan diulang tiga kali untuk setiap perlakuan. Tingkat kematangan buah yang digunakan yaitu kematangan 50–60% (K₁) dan kematangan 60–70 % (K₂). Jenis bahan pengemas yang digunakan adalah wadah Styrofoam tanpa tutup (P₁), wadah styrofoam di kemas dengan clear polyethylene (P₂), kotak duskarton (P₃), kotak Styrofoam berlubang5 pada bagian atas (P₄), kotak keranjang bambu (P₅). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi kombinasi terbaik penggunaan jenis bahan pengemas dan tingkat kematangan buah terhadap kualitas simpan cabai merah. Perlakuan jenis bahan pengemas wadah Styrofoam dikemas dengan clear poly-ethylene (P₂) dan tingkat kematangan 50–60 % (K₁) memberikan hasil terbaik. Dapat memper-tahankan cabai layak pasar hingga 9 hari setelah penyimpanan, susut bobot pada hari ke-15 hanya 15,55 %, perubahan warna sempurna 100% merah, tanpa kerusakan mekanis dan biologis. Kata kunci : Bahan pengemas ∙ Cabai merah ∙ Pasca panen ∙ Penyimpanan buah ∙ Tingkatkematangan
Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tunas nilam var. Lhoukseumawe dari jenis eksplan dengan sitokinin yang berbeda secara in vitro
Authors: Suminar Erni , Anjarsari Intan Ratna Dewi , Nuraini Anne , Hapizhah Hapizhah 
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatan metode perbanyakan tanaman nilam melalui teknik in vitro dengan meng-gunakan jenis eksplan serta jenis dan konsentrasi sitokinin yang berbeda. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2012. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial yang terdiri dua faktor dan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah tipe eksplan (mata tunas, pucuk, dan daun). Faktor kedua adalah tipe dan konsentrasi sitokinin (0 mg L-1, 0,5 mgL-1 BAP, 1,0 mgL-1 BAP0,5 mgL-1 zeatin, and 1,0 mgL-1 zeatin). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa eksplan pucuk dengan penggunaan 0.5 mg L-1 menghasilkan jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, bobot segar dan jumlah daun tertinggi pada 12 msi (minggu setelah inokulasi). Kata kunci: BAP ∙ Eksplan ∙ Nilam ∙ In vitro ∙ Zeatin
Rerspon tanaman hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) akibat kombinasi jarak tanam dengan dosis pupuk organik cair di kecamatan Rancakalong
Authors: Wahyudin Agus , Ruminta Ruminta , Yuwariah Yuyun , Fauzi M. 
Published: March 2020

Pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang sangat besar menyebabkan kebutuhan pangan meningkat.Salah satu alternatif yang dapat dijadikan solusi adalah program diversifikasi pangan.Hanjeli adalah salah satu tanaman pangan alternatif, namun petani belum mendalami teknik budidaya tanaman ini terutama pemupukan.Oleh karena itu dilakukan suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil hanjeli dengan kombinasi jarak tanam dengan dosis pupuk organik cair.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kombinasi jarak tanam dengan dosis pupuk organik cair untuk meningkatkan hasil tanaman hanjeli. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa Pasir Biru, Kecamatan Rancakalong, Kabupaten Sumedang pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai dengan Mei 2016. Bibit Hanjeli yang dipergunakan adalah Hanjeli Pulut aksesi 37.Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan. Jarak tanam yang dipergunakan adalah 50 x 50 cm, 75 x 50 cm, dan 100 x 50 cm. Dosis pupuk organik cair yang digunakan adalah 15 dan 30 L/ha. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi jarak tanam 50 cm x 50 cm + 30 L ha-1 pupuk organik cair merupakan perlakuan yang dapat menigkatkan komponen hasil dan hasil pada tanaman hanjeli. KataKunci:Coix lacryma-jobi L., Pupuk Organik Cair, Jarak Tanam
Mutu buah sawo selama periode simpan berbeda
Authors: Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Farida Farida , Sutari Wawan , Mubarok Syariful 
Published: March 2020

Buah sawo adalah salah satu buah tropik yang dipanen sebelum matang fisiologis, sehingga membutuhkan masa penyimpanan. Proses penyimpanan dilakukan saat proses distribusi. Selama masa penyimpanan terjadi perubahan mutu buah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan mutu buah sawo yang terjadi selama masa simpan terhadap kekerasan buah, kadar air dan total padatan terlarut (TPT). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Maret sampai Juli 2017 di Laboratorium Tekno-logi Produksi Tanaman Divisi Hortikultura Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah penyimpanan 0 hari (P0), penyimpanan 5 hari (P5) dan penyimpanan 10 hari (P10). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periode simpan yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap berbagai parameter mutu buah sawo, seperti kekerasan buah, kadar air dan TPT. Kata Kunci: Buah Klimaterik, Kadar Air, Kekerasan Buah, Penyimpanan, Total Padatan Terlarut
Pemanfaatan fenomena pembentukan buah partenokarpi dalam perspektif pertanian di Indonesia
Authors: Rezaldi Firman , Qonit Muhammad Abdilah Hasan , Nuraini Anne , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Mubarok Syariful 
Published: March 2020

Sari. Buah merupakan organ reproduktif yang memainkan peranan penting pada tanaman dalam proses perbanyakan tanaman dan penyebaran biji. Biji akan terbentuk akibat adanya proses polinasi dan fertilisasi. Pada beberapa jenis buah keberadaan biji tidak diinginkan, sehingga sekarang sudah banyak dikembangkan buah tanpa biji atau buah partenokarpi. Secara garis besar partenokarpi terdiri dari dua kelompok utama, yaitu partenokarpi alami dan partenokarpi buatan. Pisang, tomat, dan manggis merupakan contoh tanaman yang bersifat partenokarpi alami. Pembetukan buah partenokarpi dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa cara diantaranya adalah penggunaan hormone auksin/giberelin, iridiasi polen, perubahan jumlah kromosom, gene silencing, modifikasi gen, dan genome editing tools. Review ini menjelaskan mengenai pembentukan buah partenokarpi melalui pendekatan bioteknologi.Kata Kunci: Bioteknologi, partenokarpi alami, partenokarpi buatan, buah AbstractFruit is a reproductive organ that plays an important role in plants for plant propagation and seed dispersal. Seeds will be formed due to the process of pollination and fertilization. In some types of fruit, seed in the fruit is not expected, therfore recently many study have been conducted to develop seedless fruit (parthenocarpic fruit). Seedless fruit consists of two main groups namely natural and artificial partenocarpic. Bananas, tomatoes, and mangosteen are examples of natural parthenocarpy plants. Artificial parthenokarpi fruit can be developed in several methods including the use of plant hormone i.e. auksin or gibberellin, pollen iridiation, changes in chromosome number, gene silencing, gene modification, and genome editing tools. In this review, it is explained about the formation of parthenocarp fruit through a biotechnology approach. Keywords: Biotechnology, natural parthenocarpy, artificial parthenocarpy, and fruit
Pertumbuhan, hasil dan karakter fisiologis padi yang diberi pupuk hayati pada pertanaman kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan I
Authors: Nuraisah Annisa , Suherman Cucu , Ariyanti Mira , Nuraini Anne , Soleh Mohamad Arief 
Published: March 2020

Sari ruang terbuka diantara tanaman kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk budidaya tanaman pangan, khususnya padi sebagai tanaman sela dalam rangka mendukung program ketahanan nasional. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh dosis pupuk hayati yang berpengaruh paling baik terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan karakter fisiologis tanaman padi yang ditanam pada pertanaman kelapa sawit TBM 1 serta melihat dampak penanaman padi sebagai tanaman sela terhadap pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, pada bulan Desember 2017 sampai bulan April 2018. Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dosis pupuk hayati, yaitu 0, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 mL/tanaman. Setiap perlakuan diulang empat kali sehingga terdapat 24 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis pupuk hayati berpengaruh terhadap jumlah gabah isi, bobot gabah per tanaman, dan bobot gabah 100 butir yang di tanam pada pertanaman kelapa sawit saat tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM 1). Dosis pupuk hayati 100 mL/tanaman cenderung memberikan pengaruh baik terhadap karakter morfologis dan fisiologis padi. Pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit tidak dipengaruhi oleh budidaya padi sebagai tanaman sela.Kata kunci: karakter fisiologis, pupuk hayati, tumpangsari Abstract. Open space among palm oil trees at IPS I could be used for growing annual crops such as rice for supporting food sufficiency national program. This study was to obtain proper organic fertilizer dosages for improving best plant growth and yield of rice under palm oil trees at IPS I. The experiment was conducted at experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University from December 2017 to April 2018. The experimental design was Randomized Block with six treatments of fertilizer dosage: 0, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 mL/plant. Each treatment was replicated four times. The application of organic fertilizer affected on filled grains number, grains weight per plant, and 100 grains weight. The dosage of 100 mL/plants had good trend on morphological and physiological traits of rice. Oil palm growth did not affected by rice cultivation between oil palm areas.Keywords: Intercropping, organic fertilizer, physiological traits