bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet, Nutrition, Obesity, and Their Implications for COVID-19 Mortality: Development of a Marginalized Two-Part Model for Semicontinuous Data
Authors: Kamyari Naser , Soltanian Ali Reza , Mahjub Hossein , Moghimbeigi Abbas 
Published: August 2020

Background
Nutrition is not a treatment for COVID-19, but it is a modifiable contributor to the development of chronic disease, which is highly associated with COVID-19 severe illness and deaths. A well-balanced diet and healthy patterns of eating strengthen the immune system, improve immunometabolism, and reduce the risk of chronic disease and infectious diseases.

Objective
This study aims to assess the effect of diet, nutrition, obesity, and their implications for COVID-19 mortality among 188 countries by using new statistical marginalized two-part models.

Methods
We globally evaluated the distribution of diet and nutrition at the national level while considering the variations between different World Health Organization regions. The effects of food supply categories and obesity on (as well as associations with) the number of deaths and the number of recoveries were reported globally by estimating coefficients and conducting color maps.

Results
The findings show that a 1% increase in supplementation of pulses reduced the odds of having a zero death by 4-fold (OR 4.12, 95% CI 11.97-1.42). In addition, a 1% increase in supplementation of animal products and meat increased the odds of having a zero death by 1.076-fold (OR 1.076, 95% CI 1.01-1.15) and 1.13-fold (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.0-1.28), respectively. Tree nuts reduced the odds of having a zero death, and vegetables increased the number of deaths. Globally, the results also showed that populations (countries) who consume more eggs, cereals excluding beer, spices, and stimulants had the greatest impact on the recovery of patients with COVID-19. In addition, populations that consume more meat, vegetal products, sugar and sweeteners, sugar crops, animal fats, and animal products were associated with more death and less recoveries in patients. The effect of consuming sugar products on mortality was considerable, and obesity has affected increased death rates and reduced recovery rates.

Conclusions
Although there are differences in dietary patterns, overall, unbalanced diets are a health threat across the world and not only affect death rates but also the quality of life. To achieve the best results in preventing nutrition-related pandemic diseases, strategies and policies should fully recognize the essential role of both diet and obesity in determining good nutrition and optimal health. Policies and programs must address the need for change at the individual level and make modifications in society and the environment to make healthier choices accessible and preferable.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF AFLATOXIN IN BRAZIL NUT BY PRODUCT CONSUMPTION IN THE AMAZON REGION
Authors: KLUCZKOVSKI ARIANE , VIANA CIBELE , BARRONCAS JANAÍNA , LIMA EMERSON , VALENTIM CAROLINA , XAVIER LAWRENCE , CAMPELO PEDRO , KLUCZKOVSKI AUGUSTO 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Evaluate exposure to aflatoxins in processed Brazil nut (chopped and sliced) products marketed in Amazonas State.
Methods: The samples were purchased during the 2017 harvest at the local retail in the city of Manaus/AM/Brazil in the form of sliced and chopped. Moisture content (MC) and water activity (aw) were verified, aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) were quantified by liquid chromatography. To characterize the risk of exposure to genotoxic use the population margin of exposure (MOE).
Results: Chopped and sliced Brazil nut samples analyzed here presented an MC average of 1.62% and water activity of 0.26. These values indicate that samples are safe, according to physical-chemical baselines. Regarding aflatoxins presence, 8% of the samples presented aflatoxins total levels >10 μg/kg. A risk evaluation was performed in which exposure of the population to these substances is observed and, once found; the MOE was 1036 ± 793 (<10 000).
Conclusion: Regarding the risk assessment, it was possible to observe that there is a possibility exposure of the population to these substances since the average of MOE found was 1036±793, or <10 000, characterizing this possible risk.
BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF BENZOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES: AN UPDATED REVIEW
Authors: KAMAL UDDIN , JAVED NAIM MOHD , ARUN KUMAR 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Heterocycles exhibited an extensive role in the medicinal chemistry for the development of pharmaceutically active molecules. A heterocyclic scaffold is responsible for the therapeutic potential of majority of synthesized drug molecules. Therapeutic changes in the drug molecules related to the slight changes in the heterocyclic moiety. Benzoxazole and its derivatives showed potent and significant pharmacological activities. The main objective of our study is to impart updated information about synthesized benzoxazole derivatives and their biological potential against numerous diseases.
Methods: A literature search was directed on the databases, namely, in MDPI, Science direct, PubMed, Springer, Taylor, and Francis by searching different keywords “Benzoxazole,” antimicrobial activity, anticancer activity, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anthelmintic activity.
Conclusion: This review may radiate the path of researchers that are working to synthesized novel benzoxazole derivatives in the prospects of effectiveness and safety. Nonetheless, further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted on the potential derivatives of benzoxazole.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF CONVENTIONAL TUBERCULOSIS DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE COMPARED WITH GENE X-PERT MTB/RIF: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: SURYANA KETUT , SUHARSONO HAMONG , NGURAH RAI IDA BAGUS 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the diagnostic value of conventional tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic procedure compared with Gene X-pert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF).
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from January to December 2018. The accuracy of conventional TB diagnostic procedure: TB screening, chest X-ray, and sputum Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining was compared to Gene X-pert MTB/RIF using 2 × 2 table. p < 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. The collected data were processed using Statistical Package for the Social Science software version 26.0.
Results: A total of 117 participants suspected TB was found 44 (37.60%) confirmed TB. Among the suspected TB cases, 86 (73.50%) were male and 31 (26.50%) were female with the mean age of 43.86±16.47 years. The sensitivity and specificity of TB screening (prolonged cough) were 84.00% and 12.00%, respectively. Chest X-ray had the sensitivity and specificity (91.00%) and (10.00%). The sensitivity and specificity of sputum ZN were 57.00% and 99.00%.
Conclusions: Conventional TB diagnostic procedure has a high accuracy compared with Gene X-pert MTB/RIF. Therefore, it is still recommended as a TB diagnostic procedure routinely in era of Gene X-pert MTB/RIF, especially in Primary Health Care with limited settings.
Study on the Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety among Diabetes Mellitus patients in Tertiary Care Hospital- A Prospective Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Tamang Pem 
Published: August 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most predominant, chronic disease afflicting globally with its amplifying burden. The association of diabetes with psychological disorders exists with depression and anxiety being the most common, often remains undiagnosed or unidentified eventually leading to a decline in functional abilities and self-care, worsening the health profile of the patients and contributing to both morbidity and mortality. This study explores the association of psychiatric problems with diabetes mellitus and their related risk factors. Objectives: To investigate the association and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety) among diabetic patients and access their associated risk factors. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted for six months in 105 diabetic patients from the outpatient department. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: Overall 53(50.5%) were observed with the symptoms of anxiety while 45(42.9%) with symptoms of depression respectively. The prevalence of marked anxiety and depression was observed higher in a female. Anxiety and depression were also common among participants with moderate social support. Anxiety and depression were greater among patient who were illiterate (OR=1.50, 95% CI 0.92-5.38), unemployed (OR=7.50, 95% CI 1.29-43.61) with low income (PR=3.09 95% CI 0.92-10.36) and who were retired (OR=6.00, 95% CI 0.81-44.35).Conclusion: The result showed a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among female than in the male. Most of the patients developed moderate or severe anxiety and depression. Various factors such as low income, age, low education, unemployed, uncontrolled diabetes were associated with anxiety and depression. Awareness programs and health education should be conducted. Counseling and appropriate medication should be initiated to reduce future complications.

Key words:
An Updated Review of a Novel Drug Delivery System in Medicated Chewing Gum
Authors: Kumari Ch.Surya , Babu S. Suresh , Begham Sk. Asha , Venketeswerarao K. , Durgarao G. 
Published: August 2020

Chewing gums are mobile drug delivery systems. Unlike chewable tablets medicated gums are not supposed to be swallowed and may be removed from the site of application without resort to invasive means and medicated chewing gum MCG is solid, single dose preparation. As for as patient convenience is concerned it is discrete and easy administration without water promotes higher compliance. Since it can be taken anywhere, a chewing gum formulation is an excellent choice for acute medication. The advantages for children and for patients who find swallowing tablets difficult are obvious. The medicated chewing gums are solid, single dose preparations with a base consisting mainly of gums that are intended to be chewed, but not swallowed. They contain one or more active substances, which are released by chewing and are intended to be used for local treatment of mouth diseases or systemic delivery after absorption through the buccal mucosa. This concept is supported by statements that chewing sugar free gum can help reduce the risk of dental caries (cavities). The objective of this systematic study is to appraise existing evidence concerning a possible therapeutic effect of sugar- free chewing gum for patients. MCG represents the newest system with potential uses in pharmaceuticals, over the counter medicines and neutraceuticals.
FROM KONYA TO NUSANTARA: RUMI’S SUFI DIASPORA IN PIDIE, ACEH, INDONESIA
Authors: Fakhriati Fakhriati 
Published: August 2020

Rumi’s Sufism has not only flourished in Turkey, where the sufi was born, but also in many other far-flung world regions such as Nusantara. Its worldwide success invites many questions, for example, the reasons for its ability to attract both Muslims and non-Muslims. In Pidie, Aceh, Indonesia, one of its popular aspects is the sema ritual dance, which has spread to other Aceh sufi orders (tariqa), especially the Naqshbandi sufi order. This dance is an adaptation of foreign teaching and performance to local context in the location of the study, the village of Lampôh Saka in Pidie. Aceh’s sufi orders have succeeded in synthesizing foreign and local culture to create something uniquely their own. This study could offer an example of how to develop harmony and peace in Indonesian life, as exemplified by the sema dance, which symbolizes care towards creation while maintaining submission to the Creator.
Al-Tāsāmuḥ al-Islāmī fī al-Futūḥāt al-Islāmiyyah; Fatḥ Miṣr Namūdzaj
Authors: Subagio Mukhamad Hadi Musolin , Surur Rido Uwais Hasan 
Published: August 2020

The story of the Islamic conquest of Egypt is one of the most exciting episodes of Egyptian history. Not because of the events and battles that accompanied the conquest, but rather because of the enormous effects and developments that have resulted in the history of Egypt and its people in terms of religion, language, culture, etc. As for the march of conquest, the conduct of armies, and the war against the soldiers, they were subjected to many statements by historians, and there were conflicting reports about the conquest of Egypt, and was this conquest reconciled with a covenant, or by force? The way Egypt was conquered went in a way that contrasts with its conquests in the City of Shams and others. Also, the march of opening Egypt was subjected to multiple suspicions and myths that have no basis, some were able to attach to the history of the Islamic conquests of Egypt, but Allah defended the conquests through the writings of Muslim and non-Muslim scholars. This paper comes to reveal aspects of greatness in Islamic tolerance with the Christians of Egypt, which was their main reason for converting to Islam. This study used the historical, critical and analytical method to present facts and discuss ideas. Among the most important results: the proof of tolerance in theory and in reality concerning the conquest of Egypt, the conversion of Egyptians to Islam because of its grace and ease, and rejecting the myth of the march of the Islamic conquest of Egypt from the beginning to the end.
Wind power and competitiveness: a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Santos Marques Rogério , Martins Luís Oscar Silva , Fernandes Fábio  Matos , Silva Marcelo Santana , Freires Francisco Gaudêncio Mendonça 
Published: August 2020

In the last few decades, the relationship between energy production through fossil fuels and climate change has been widely discussed, which has led to a significant increase in studies on new forms of energy generation, using clean and renewable sources. Among these sources, wind power is considered as one of the most promising, since it has exponential growth, economicity and guarantee of continuous supply. Despite this, given that fossil sources are already consolidated, both in economic terms and in technical knowledge terms, it is necessary to know the competitiveness factors that can be characterized as potentialities or restrictions for the full development of the wind source. In order to know these aspects, the central objective of this research was to analyze the evolution path of the studies related to the competitiveness factors pertinent to wind energy, using bibliometric analysis so that future research directions can be identified. The results showed that studies on wind power and competitiveness have gained prominence since 2006, remaining constant until the current period. It was also found, through analysis by keywords and qualitative assessment of publications, that these surveys were classified into nine aspects related to competitiveness: Economic Analysis, Competition, Technology, Operational Costs, Regulation/Government, Environmental Impacts, Competitiveness, Market and Hybrid Generation, thereby providing guidance for future investigations.
Keywords: Wind Energy. Competitiveness. Renewable Energy. Bibliometric Analysis.
[ID 48526] AS CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS EM SAÚDE E SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA
Authors: Cordeiro dos Santos Daiane , De Sena-Leal Marilyn Dione 
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Compreender as concepções de graduandos(as) em Saúde Coletiva sobre as contribuições das Ciências Humanas e Sociais em Saúde (CHSS) para a formação de sanitaristas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma investigação qualitativa realizada com estudantes de Saúde Coletiva de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior Estadual, localizada no Nordeste brasileiro. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise de conteúdo foi utilizada como método analítico. Resultados: Os principais temas das CHSS apreendidos pelos(as) estudantes se relacionam suas experiências de vida, porém, existem fragilidades na articulação teórico/prática desses conteúdos e na compreensão da inter-relação dos diferentes eixos temáticos que compõem a Saúde Coletiva. Destaca-se ainda a contribuição das CHSS para o pensamento crítico e o posicionamento político dos(as) estudantes, bem como para a qualificação da formação e da atuação de sanitaristas. Conclusão: A graduação em Saúde Coletiva se constitui como núcleo de saber em processo de delineamento, nessa construção, as CHSS configuram-se como elemento estratégico, por expandir as fronteiras do trabalho em saúde na direção da construção de um cuidado voltado a um corpo coletivo, sociocultural, subjetivo e político, colaborando para a construção de uma Saúde Coletiva capaz de problematizar a complexidade dos fenômenos do campo da saúde.
DESCRITORES:
Ciências Humanas. Ciências Sociais. Graduação. Saúde Coletiva.
Seleção de Amostras de Auditoria: Complementariedade entre Curva ABC e Lei de Benford
Authors: Zanchettin Fabio , Chaebo Gemael 
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em propor uma metodologia para a seleção de amostras de auditoria, obtida por meio da Curva ABC e da Lei de Benford.
Fundamento: A fundamentação se baseia na seleção de amostras de auditoria, mais precisamente na Curva ABC e na Lei de Benford.
Método: Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram utilizados dois diferentes conjuntos de dados: (1) os valores de documentos fiscais fornecidos pela Secretaria de Fazenda do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (Sefaz-MS) e (2) as Notas de Empenho de um município do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, emitidas durante o exercício financeiro de 2016.
Resultados: Os resultados indicam que a Curva ABC privilegia os itens de maior valor relativo, enquanto que a Lei de Benford favorece a busca por evidências de itens manipulados. As amostras da Lei de Benford tendem a ser maiores que as obtidas pela Curva ABC; e que, embora tenham uma maior quantidade de elementos, apresentam um valor total amostral substancialmente menor. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a possibilidade de complementariedade das técnicas.
Contribuições: Espera-se, como contribuição desta pesquisa, incentivar a utilização de métodos quantitativos para a seleção de amostras de auditoria, cuja aplicação possibilita a redução dos custos associados, confere maior cientificidade e consistência ao relatório do auditor e potencializa a identificação de fraudes.
Implementation of the Polar Code: Functional Requirements Regulating Ship Operations in Polar Waters
Authors: Engtrø Espen , Gudmestad Ove Tobias , Njå Ove 
Published: August 2020

In 2017, the The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) – a set of function-based regulations applicable to Arctic and Antarctic waters, with the goal of increasing awareness and improving safety for ship operations in polar waters – entered into force. This article examines the Polar Code’s contribution to the establishment of new standards and guidelines, with the problem under discussion being the extent to which the function-based regulations contribute to enhancing safety for ship operations in the Arctic, given that maritime activities in these waters are associated with great risks and uncertainties. The article gives a historical review, elucidating the background leading to the development of the Polar Code, followed by a review of the structure and key principles of the regulations. Further, ship traffic in the Arctic region and those subject to the Polar Code are examined, followed by a summary of findings and experiences from three survival exercises (SARex I, II and III), performed in northern areas around Svalbard between 2016 and 2018. The article concludes that safe ship operations depend on those subject to the regulations conducting thorough operational risk assessments that cover all potential hazards, in order to mitigate sufficiently. Further, the presence of authorities is found to be crucial, with validation of the adequacy and the dimensioning of the implemented measures being of the essence.
Effect of Land Cover Change on Discharge in Pangkajene Watershed
Authors: Amaliah Rizki , Arsyad Usman , Paembonan Samuel A 
Published: August 2020

Land cover changes that occur impact on the hydrological conditions in a watershed. The hydrological condition referred to as the output quantity of the watershed is discharge which describes the quantity of water. This study aims to determine the effect of land cover change on streamflow in the Pangkajene Watershed. The results showed that there was a decrease in average peak discharge in January of 213.73 m3/s to 95.79 m3/s in the same month in 2017. Land cover changes that occurred were mixed dryland farming of bushes into paddy fields, shrubs, and settlements while forests was experienced a slight change to open land by 0.69 ha. The increase in the area of paddy fields and shrubs as large as it causes the average discharge to decrease. A decrease in the average monthly discharge in the Pangkajene watershed due to rainfall on its way into the rice irrigation water experienced process begin from, is accommodated, evaporates, so that the flow up to the river becomes small. In addition, rainfall in 2009 which is the input of the Pangkajene watershed is higher than in 2017.
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH, DANA ALOKASI UMUM, DANA OTONOMI KHUSUS, DAN SISA LEBIH PENGGUNAAN ANGGARAN TERHADAP BELANJA MODAL PADA FUNGSI KESEHATAN
Authors: Rezeki Sri Diana , Basri Hasan , Arfan Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regional own revenue (PAD), general allocation fund (DAU), special autonomy fund (DOK) and unspent funds at end of fiscal year (SiLPA) to capital expenditure of health function. Through a purposive sampling as a technique of selecting sample, there were 15 districts/municipalities in Aceh Province for 4 periods from 2012 to 2015 as the samples. Data used in this research was a secondary data obtained from Financial Agency of Aceh. The technique used for a data collection was through a documentation technique. The analytical method used in this research was standardized regression method or path analysis which is an extension of multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that PAD, DAU, and DOK influenced a capital expenditure on health function. Meanwhile, SiLPA did not influence the capital expenditure on health function. In addition, PAD, DAU, DOK, and SiLPA simultaneously influenced the capital expenditure on health functions.Keywords: Capital Spending of Health, PAD, DAU, DOK, and SiLPA. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU), Dana Otonomi Khusus (DOK) dan Sisa Lebih Pengguna Anggaran (SiLPA) terhadap belanja modal pada fungsi kesehatan. Berdasarkan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling, dari 23 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Aceh hanya 15 Kabupaten/Kota dipilih menjadi sampel penelitian ini selama periode 2012-2015. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Dinas Keuangan Aceh melalui teknik dokumentasi. Metode Analisis menggunakan standardized regression yang merupakan perluasan dari analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PAD, DAU, dan DOK berpengaruh terhadap belanja modal pada fungsi kesehatan sedangkan SiLPA tidak berpengaruh. Hal ini bermakna adanya peningkatan terhadap alokasi PAD, DAU, dan DOK dalam suatu anggaran maka akan meningkatkan jumlah alokasi belanja modal yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kesehjateraan publik dalam sektor kesehatan, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat Aceh yang lebih baik.Disamping itu, secara simultan PAD, DAU, DOK, dan SiLPA secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap belanja modal pada fungsi kesehatan.