bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Organ‐Specific Lupus Flares in Relation to Atmospheric Variables and Fine Particulate Matter Pollution
Authors: Stojan George , Kvit Anton , Curriero Frank C. , Petri Michelle 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo identify potential clusters of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) organ‐specific flares and their relationship to fine particulate matter pollution (PM2.5), temperature, ozone concentration, resultant wind, relative humidity, and barometric pressure in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort, using spatiotemporal cluster analysis.MethodsA total of 1,628 patients who fulfilled the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for SLE and who had a home address recorded were included in the analysis. Disease activity was assessed using the Lupus Activity Index. Assessment of rash, joint involvement, serositis, and neurologic, pulmonary, renal, and hematologic activity was quantified on a 0–3 visual analog scale (VAS). An organ‐specific flare was defined as an increase in VAS of ≥1 point compared to the previous visit. Spatiotemporal clusters were detected using SaTScan software. Regression models were used for cluster adjustment and included individual, county‐level, and environmental variables.ResultsSignificant clusters unadjusted for environmental variables were identified for joint flares (P < 0.05; n = 3), rash flares (P < 0.05; n = 4), hematologic flares (P < 0.05; n = 3), neurologic flares (P < 0.05; n = 2), renal flares (P < 0.001; n = 4), serositis (P < 0.001; n = 2), and pulmonary flares (P < 0.001; n = 2). The majority of the clusters identified changed in significance, temporal extent, or spatial extent after adjustment for environmental variables.ConclusionWe describe the first spatiotemporal clusters of lupus organ‐specific flares. Seasonal, as well as multi‐year, cluster patterns were identified, differing in extent and location for the various organ‐specific flare types. Further studies focusing on each individual organ‐specific flare are needed to better understand the driving forces behind these observed changes.
Iron‐Catalyzed Radical Cleavage/C−C Bond Formation of Acetal‐Derived Alkylsilyl Peroxides
Authors: Shiozaki Yoko , Sakurai Shunya , Sakamoto Ryu , Matsumoto Akira , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel radical‐based approach for the iron‐catalyzed selective cleavage of acetal‐derived alkylsilyl peroxides, followed by the formation of a carbon–carbon bond is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope with respect to the acetal moiety and the carbon electrophile. Mechanistic studies suggest that the present reaction proceeds through a free‐radical process involving carbon radicals generated by the homolytic cleavage of a carbon–carbon bond within the acetal moiety. A synthetic application of this method to sugar‐derived alkylsilyl peroxides is also described.
Was macht Molche giftig?
Authors: Mebs Dietrich 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungTetrodotoxin ist eines der stärksten natürlichen Gifte, das spezifisch den spannungsabhängigen Natriumkanal von Nerv und Muskel blockiert. Ursprünglich in marinen Kugelfischen (Tetradontidae) entdeckt, wurde es auch in anderen marinen wie auch terrestrischen Tieren nachgewiesen, darunter auch in Amphibien. Vor allem einige Arten von Schwanzlurchen (Urodela) der Neuen und Alten Welt weisen zum Teil extrem hohe Konzentrationen des Toxins auf, womit sie einen gewissen Schutz vor Prädatoren erwerben. Nordamerikanische Strumpfbandnattern der Gattung Thamnophis allerdings zeigen sich Tetrodotoxin gegenüber als resistent, was auf dem Austausch von Aminosäuren in der Bindungsstelle des Toxins am Natriumkanal beruht. Die Herkunft des Toxins ist umstritten. Es wird anscheinend nicht von den Molchen synthetisiert, sondern wird wahrscheinlich über die Nahrungskette aufgenommen und gespeichert. Auch andere Amphibien wie einige wenige Kröten und Frösche enthalten Tetrodotoxin. Die Rolle, die das Toxin in Ökosystemen spielt, ist weitgehend ungelöst.
Sex and genes, part 2: A biopsychosocial approach to assess and treat challenging sexual behavior in persons with intellectual disabilities including fragile X syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Miodrag Nancy , Richards Deborah A. , Fedoroff J. Paul , Watson Shelley L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndividuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs) – and specifically those with genetic disorders – are more prone to medical and psychological challenges that affect their sexual development, experiences, and fertility. In this review paper we first provide an overview of the biopsychosocial (BPS) model and then explain how the model can guide and improve the assessment and treatment of challenging sexual behaviors by persons with IDs. We discuss two genetic conditions – fragile X syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome – in case studies, showing how the BPS model can be used to assess and treat the sexual problems of individuals with various types of ID. We conclude with BPS‐formulated treatment considerations in three key domains: biomedical treatment (e.g., medication side effects; stopping or changing medications), psychological treatment (e.g., providing psychological therapies), and socio‐environmental interventions (e.g., providing socio‐sexual education and staff training). Together, these treatment interventions can aid clinicians to prevent and/or treat problematic sexual behaviors of people with IDs.
Dual Valorization of Olive Mill Wastewater by Bio‐Nanosynthesis of Magnesium Oxide and Yarrowia lipolytica Biomass Production
Authors: Hamimed Selma , Jebli Nejib , Sellami Hanen , Landoulsi Ahmed , Chatti Abdelwaheb 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research investigates an efficient dual valorization of olive mill wastewater in the biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and in the depollution of the effluent by Yarrowia lipolytica growth evaluation. After removal of polyphenols, the recovered biophenols were reacted with the magnesium precursor to provide magnesium oxide nanoparticles. In order to confirm the biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles, several analyses were undertaken. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum gives a broad absorption at 658 cm−1 confirming the presence of the magnesium oxide nanoparticles, while the UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy reveals an intense transition with a maximum absorption at 300 nm. The X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses show that nanoparticles are in pure cubic crystalline with spherical and hexagonal shapes (average size is 19.4 nm). The zeta potential analysis illustrates a negative potential proving a good stability of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were assigned for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus cohnii, and Bacillus niacini. The evaluation of the growth of Yarrowia lipolytica on the recovered olive mill wastewater after removal of polyphenols yielded 3.2 g/L of the Yarrowia biomass in 72 h without nutriment additions, providing an important decrease of chemical oxygen demand (73 %).
Comparison of different experimental breadmaking methods and their associations with flour quality parameters in hard red spring wheat
Authors: Baasandorj Tsogtbayar , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Simsek Senay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesExperimental breadmaking is the ultimate test for wheat end‐use quality. This research objective was to investigate the consistency of different breadmaking methods in the evaluation of hard red spring (HRS) wheat. Sponge‐and‐dough method (SpDM) and straight‐dough method (StDM) were tested with varying loaf sizes and fermentation times.FindingsFor pound loaf breads, SpDM showed larger volume and higher stability among wheat samples than StDM. Correlation and biplot analyses revealed that 2‐hr fermentation was more consistent with pound SpDM than 3‐hr fermentation when flour samples were evaluated by micro‐ and pup loaf StDM. Mixograph, farinograph, extensograph, and solvent retention capacity tests were also evaluated for associations with breadmaking quality. Lactic acid solvent retention capacity had a higher correlation (r = .86, p < .001) with mean breadmaking scores when compared with other parameters.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that SpDM is more suited for commercial production of pound loaf, while StDM with 2‐hr fermentation is better for quality evaluation because of expediency and consistency in HRS wheat. Lactic acid solvent retention capacity is more adaptable than other flour parameters to predict breadmaking quality, especially when sample quantity is limited.Significance and noveltyThis research provides valuable insight that helps identify an experimental breadmaking procedure and a flour quality parameter useful for the evaluation of HRS wheat.
A case of subclinical Cushing's syndrome in pregnancy with superimposed preeclampsia
Authors: Eto Eriko , Mitsui Takashi , Tamada Shoko , Maki Jota , Hayata Kei , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen we see preexistent hypertension in pregnancy, subclinical Cushing's syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis since this disorder can cause perinatal complications. MRI can be useful for identifying adrenal incidental tumors during pregnancy.
Primary central nervous system marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma arising from the dural meninges: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Lopetegui‐Lia Nerea , Delasos Lukas , Asad Syed Daniyal , Kumar Manish , Harrison Jonathan S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrimary central nervous system (CNS) marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma (MZBCL) arising from the dural meninges is a rare but indolent disease. This malignancy can present in various ways, hence making it difficult to diagnose. Biopsy results dictate an appropriate treatment plan, which commonly consists of a combination of surgical resection, whole brain radiotherapy and systemic therapy.
Cardiac tamponade secondary to empyema
Authors: Kawakami Naoki , Kushimoto Kohei , Saito Fumitake , Namkoong Ho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 70‐year‐old male presented with a 1‐month history of malaise and fever. He was diagnosed with chronic empyema and went into shock by cardiac tamponade after treatment. This case shows that even chronic empyema can cause cardiac tamponade. It should be considered as differential diagnoses of shock after empyema treatment.
Leptospirosis‐induced purpura: An atypical manifestation of Weil's disease
Authors: Higny Julien , Forêt Frédéric , Laterre Pierre‐François 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpura is a rare but documented presenting feature of severe leptospirosis. We describe a case of Weil's disease characterized by predominating coagulopathy and hepato‐nephritis. We illustrate dynamic changes in cutaneous lesions.
Towards Antimonene and 2D Antimony Telluride through Electrochemical Exfoliation
Authors: Marzo Adaris M. López , Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) layered antimony (Sb) and antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) are two valuable materials for optoelectronic devices and thermoelectric applications. Preparing high‐quality sheets of these materials is the initial phase to promote their expected issues. Herein, micrometer‐sized few‐to‐multilayered sheets of Sb and Sb2Te3 have been obtained by electrochemical exfoliation. The layered rhombohedral Sb was exfoliated in Na2SO4 and Li2SO4 electrolytes by anodic–cationic intercalation, and Sb2Te3 was exfoliated in Na2SO4. These findings are important contributions for the solution‐based room‐temperature electrochemical exfoliation, which is stable under glove‐box‐free conditions, to further improve the production of high‐quality exfoliated sheets.
Imide‐Fused Diazatetracenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhao Kexiang , Liu Wenbo , Yu Fei , Long Guankui , Said Ahmed Ali , Wang Zongrui , Gao Weibo , Zhang Qichun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of imide‐fused diazatetracenes were synthesized via Buchwald–Hartwig C−N coupling with a highly active palladium source. The introduction of an imide segment effectively lowers the LUMO levels compared with that of unsubstituted diazatetracene. By adjusting the alkyl chains of the diazatetracenes, different solid‐state packings were achieved, resulting in distinct photoluminescent behaviors. Their electron‐transporting properties were demonstrated in the proof‐of‐concept Perovskite solar cells as electron transporting layers.
Materialien in Rechnern und digitalen Computern
Authors: Wöhrle D. , Wöhrle Hendrik 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungFür die Funktion von Rechnern ist die Auswahl, Optimierung und Zusammenstellung von Materialien entscheidend, was in diesem Artikel besonders berücksichtigt wird. Zunächst wird beginnend mit dem Abakus im Altertum über die Frühe Neuzeit mit dem Rechenschieber und dann analogen mechanischen Rechenmaschinen der Weg bis in die heutige Zeit aufgezeigt. Heute sind digitale Rechner basierend auf der Si‐Halbleitertechnologie mit dem Bit als kleinste Maßeinheit für den Informationsgehalt bestimmend. Ein Schwerpunkt stellt hier der Aufbau und die Funktion der Hardware‐Komponenten des Personal Computers dar. Entscheidend für dessen Funktion sind Mikroprozessoren basierend auf Feldeffekttransistoren aus Silizium in integrierten Schaltungen. Daher werden die Einzelschritte zur Herstellung dieser Transistoren verfolgt. Den Abschluss bildet ein Blick in die Zukunft mit DNA als Speicher von Informationen und Quantencomputer als schnelle Rechner.
Investigation of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improvements with microneedle array electrodes based on multiphysics simulation
Authors: Soltanzadeh Ramin , Afsharipour Elnaz , Shafai Cyrus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates microneedle array electrodes for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and compares their performance with conventional surface electrodes. A three‐dimensional model of tissue was developed for finite element multiphysics simulations. Investigations included current density in different depths of a tissue, space constant under electrodes, specific absorption ratio of tissue, selectivity of stimulation, temperature rise, and blood flow. Results showed that microneedle electrodes have up to 10% higher selectivity than the surface electrodes. Furthermore, it was found that stimulation using microneedle electrodes provides more robust current density at different tissue depths compared to the surface electrode stimulation. Microneedle electrodes showed enhanced stimulation parameters, particularly for targeting a specific nerve in a specific depth of a tissue.
‘Core Maths chooses you; you don't choose Core Maths’. The positioning of a new mathematics course within the post‐16 curriculum in England
Authors: Mathieson Rachel , Homer Matt , Tasara Innocent , Banner Indira 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA recent government move to increase numbers of students taking post‐16 (post‐compulsory) mathematics in England saw 2930 students being awarded the first Core Maths (CM) qualifications in 2016, the number rising to 9027 in 2019. This paper uses qualitative data, from a study investigating the successes and challenges of these new qualifications in their initial period of implementation, to explore perspectives on how the new qualification is being positioned within the existing post‐16 curriculum structure. First‐ and second‐order effects of the policy are considered, particularly in relation to the dichotomy between CM and the longstanding, highly academic, A‐level Mathematics. Our findings reveal a positive regard for many aspects of CM. However, the systemic processes by which certain students are manoeuvred onto the CM course, and the resulting opportunities for progression of those students, could be interpreted as restrictive, despite the benefits for students of new opportunities for pursuing mathematics study.
Regression coefficients of traffic flow metrics (RCTFM) for DDOS defense in IoT networks
Authors: Kalathiripi Rambabu , N. Venkatram 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe term that makes physical objects and devices connect over each other through the wireless networks is called the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT networks are highly vulnerable to DDoS attacks due to their property of dynamic adapting new devices, even though several existing contributions depicted DDoS defense techniques. However, the features deliberated for notifying DDoS attacks are not competent and constant to attain minimum false alarming and optimum detection accuracy. This article portrayed a novel method called regression coefficient of traffic flow metric (RCTFM) for DDoS defense in IoT networks. This method is used for performing predictive analysis in detecting the scope of DDoS attacks from transactions buffered during a specified static time frame. Unlike the contemporary models, the proposed model considers the traffic that buffered under a given time frame as input and derives regression coefficients of the parameters portrayed as metrics of the corresponding buffered traffic flow. The simulation study evinces the scalability and significance of the proposal that scaled against other existing methods.
Virtual multiplex immunohistochemistry: Application on cell block of effusion and aspiration cytology
Authors: Chan Ronald C. K. , Li Joshua J. X. , Yeung W. , Chan Anthony W. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the continuous development of new antibodies, the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) is becoming more often a requirement. IHC is frequently necessary for establishing cancer diagnosis and making therapeutic decisions. However, cytology specimens such as effusion fluid and fine‐needle aspiration are highly variable in cellularity and contain background inflammatory and mesothelial cells. Compared to biopsy or excision specimens, tissue exhaustion and levels of sections not matching are more commonly encountered. We present a method of integrating whole‐slide cell block image of multiple antibodies by digital image processing and reconstructing a virtual multiplex IHC image for enhanced interpretation.MethodsHistoric archived cell block preparations of carcinomas (n = 19) and melanoma (n = 1) and IHC performed with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine chromogen were reviewed. The slides were digitized by a whole‐slide image scanner. Using ImageJ and self‐developed code, the slides were aligned by image registration, layered, and recolored to reconstruct a virtual multiplex image, simulating a multiplex preparation with multiple chromogens. To quantity the performance of the image registration, the mean distance between the same cell clusters in aligned images were measured.ResultsAll 20 cases were successfully registered. The mean distance between cell clusters after image registration was 8.40 +/− 5.52 μm. The reconstructed images were able to demonstrate coexpression of membranous, cytoplasmic, and nuclear antibodies.ConclusionWith virtual multiplex IHC, we were able to visualize coexpression of multiple antibodies without the added cost of multiplex IHC. Routine and historic slides, without additional tissue consumption, can be retrieved for image reconstruction. This technique is a low‐cost adjunct to diagnosis in cytology for more efficient and accurate assessment of antibody coexpression and histochemical stains.
A multiscale approach to water quality variables in a river ecosystem
Authors: Mimouni El‐Amine , Ridal Jeffrey J. , Skufca Joseph D. , Twiss Michael R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMonitoring select ecosystem variables across time and interpreting the collected data are essential components of ecosystem assessment supporting management. Increasingly affordable sensors and computational capacity have made very large dataset assembly more common. However, these datasets initiate analytical challenges by their size and theoretical challenges due to the scale of the processes they encompass. Multiscale assessment of high temporal resolution water quality sensor data (temperature, in vivo chlorophyll a, colored dissolved organic matter) collected year‐round was conducted for the Upper St. Lawrence River. Using numerical methods that directly integrate the concept of scale, we show that consideration of scale‐dependent processes can lead to increased predictive power and a clearer understanding of ecosystem function. These results suggest that multiscale methods are not only an alternative way of approaching long‐term data assessment, but also a necessity in order to avoid spurious interpretation. Consequently, the concept of scale as described here can be consistently integrated into long‐term data studies to assist in the interpretation of high‐resolution data that help describe natural phenomena in aquatic systems.
Plant–pollinator interactions along an urbanization gradient from cities and villages to farmland landscapes
Authors: Udy Kristy L. , Reininghaus Hannah , Scherber Christoph , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUrbanization affects pollinator diversity and plant–pollinator networks by changing resource availability locally and in the surrounding landscape. We experimentally established (N = 12) standardized plant communities in farmland, villages, and cities to identify the relative role of local and landscape effects on plant–pollinator communities along this urbanization gradient. We found that the number of flower visits by solitary bees, but not bumblebees, was highest in cities and lowest in farmland, with villages being intermediate, whereas syrphid flies exhibited lowest numbers in cities. Villages supported the richest pollinator communities, as they appeared to benefit from both farmland and city communities. Plant–pollinator network metrics such as robustness, interaction evenness, and interaction diversity decreased with increasing urbanization, although local plant richness increased toward urban areas. In conclusion, pollinator communities were most diverse and stable in farmland and village sites, despite the high plant richness in cities. The different composition of pollinator communities along the urbanization gradient suggests considering all three landscape types for conservation schemes.
Analysis of a coastal North Sea fish community: Comparison of aquatic environmental DNA concentrations to fish catches
Authors: van Bleijswijk Judith D. L. , Engelmann Julia C. , Klunder Lise , Witte Harry J. , Witte Johannes IJ. , van der Veer Henk W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnalyses of environmental DNA have the potential to become an integrated tool in fish research and management. We performed a pilot study during the spring migration of fishes from the North Sea into the Wadden Sea and present comparative results from daily fyke catches (20 mm mesh) in the Marsdiep tidal inlet on two locations and results from weekly fish eDNA analyses on three locations, all within 2 km distance.Fish catches did not differ significantly between the two locations, whereas the eDNA composition showed a significant location effect. However, when eDNA analysis was restricted to species that were caught with the fykes, differences among locations became insignificant. Over ten weeks, from late April to early July, presence–absence calls of fishes based on weekly eDNA sampling significantly agreed with calls based on seven days of fyke fishing 1 km westwards. Fish eDNA compositions differed significantly among sample days and months but not between tides. Over the season, patterns in eDNA concentration (12S rRNA gene copies/L) inferred from quantitative PCR and Illumina HiSeq community composition corresponded to patterns in wet mass for the eight most abundant fish species in the fyke (>6 weeks present) despite changes in water temperature and changes in fish size class. Small sandeel and gobies, which are important prey for large fishes and birds, were typically missed with the fyke but contributed up to 25%–40% of the fish eDNA depending on the sample location.