bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typhus abdominalis und Paratyphus
Authors: Trawinski Henning , Wendt Sebastian , Lippmann Norman , Heinitz Sascha , von Braun Amrei , Lübbert Christoph 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungTyphus (besser: Typhus abdominalis) und Paratyphus sind global bedeutsame systemische Infektionskrankheiten, die durch Salmonella enterica Subspezies enterica Serovar Typhi (Kurzbezeichnung: Salmonella Typhi) bzw. Serovar Paratyphi (Kurzbezeichnung: Salmonella Paratyphi) hervorgerufen werden. Der Verlauf der fäkal-oral übertragenen Erkrankung ist vor allem durch hohes Fieber gekennzeichnet. Unbehandelt kann Typhus schwer verlaufen und zum Tode führen. Die Erkrankung wird zu nahezu 100 % im außereuropäischen Ausland (v. a. in Indien) erworben und ist in Deutschland, Österreich und in der Schweiz meldepflichtig. Als Paratyphus bezeichnet man ein abgeschwächtes Krankheitsbild des Typhus, dessen Erreger Salmonella Paratyphi ist. Verfügbare Impfstoffe schützen nur gegen Salmonella Typhi. Die Resistenz gegen Antibiotika spiegelt die Situation in endemischen Ländern wider und zeigt sich in einem besorgniserregenden Zuwachs von Isolaten mit Multiresistenz. Gegenwärtig werden Cephalosporine der 3. Generation wie Ceftriaxon als Erstlinientherapie empfohlen; sofern es sich um Isolate mit Chinolonempfindlichkeit handelt, können auch weiterhin Fluorchinolone wie Ciprofloxacin verabreicht werden. Entscheidende vorbeugende Maßnahmen für Reisende sind konsequente Wasser- und Nahrungsmittelhygiene sowie Impfprävention, wobei sich mit den bislang verfügbaren Impfstoffen nur Protektionsraten von 50–70 % erreichen lassen. Mit der Zunahme von multiresistenten Erregerstämmen wird ein besser wirksamer Konjugatimpfstoff gegen Salmonella Typhi mit Kreuzreaktivität gegen Salmonella Paratyphi dringender denn je benötigt.
Decreased Circulating MANF in Women with PCOS is Elevated by
Metformin Therapy and is Inversely Correlated with Insulin Resistance and
Hyperandrogenism
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Cong , Yang Gangyi , Jia Yanjun , Li Yang , Deng Wenzhen , Long Min , Wang Chengpan , Liu Dongfang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a novel
neurotrophic factor. Although recent studies have suggested that MANF
appeared to be associated with insulin resistance, the results have been
inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the serum MANF levels in
women with PCOS and controls, to investigate their relationship to insulin
resistance, and to evaluate circulating MANF changes with metformin
intervention in PCOS women. We conducted a series of cross-sectional and
interventional studies in 90 newly diagnosed patients with PCOS and 60 age-
and gender-matched controls. Oral glucose tolerance test and
euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed to assess the glucose
tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Forty-three women with PCOS were randomly
assigned to six months of oral metformin therapy. Serum MANF levels were
significantly lower in women with PCOS than in controls. Serum MANF levels
were positively correlated with M-value and negatively correlated with body
mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (FAT), homeostatic model assessment of
insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and free androgen index (FAI). Multivariate
stepwise regression demonstrated that serum MANF levels were independently
associated with M-value and FAI. After six months of metformin treatment,
there was a significant increase in serum MANF levels in PCOS women. Serum
MANF levels are decreased in women with PCOS, and are reversely related to
insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Metformin treatment elevates serum
MANF levels and alleviates insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in PCOS
women.
Phytotherapie bei koronarer Herzkrankheit – Was gibt es an Evidenz?
Authors: Gündling Peter W. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungObgleich der Schwerpunkt der naturheilkundlichen Behandlung der koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) bei nicht medikamentösen Maßnahmen wie der Ernährungs- und Bewegungstherapie, den Entspannungsverfahren und der Hydrotherapie liegt, spielen auch Phytotherapeutika eine wichtige Rolle. Umfragen zeigen, dass nahezu jeder 2. Patient mit KHK auch pflanzliche Präparate einnimmt. Unterstützend zum traditionellen Erfahrungswissen gab es in den letzten Jahren zunehmend wissenschaftliche Belege, die in diesem Beitrag dargestellt werden.
Statin-induced GGPP depletion blocks macropinocytosis and starves cells with oncogenic defects
Authors: Jiao Zhihua , Cai Huaqing , Long Yu , Sirka Orit Katarina , Padmanaban Veena , Ewald Andrew J. , Devreotes Peter N. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Our studies establish a connection between two isolated observations that 1) statins, taken by millions to lower cholesterol, have antitumor activity and 2) Ras-induced macropinocytosis is important in tumorigenesis. We discover that by depleting GGPP required for pseudopod extension and macropinocytosis, statins selectively kill cells with oncogenic defects by limiting nutrient uptake.
Singapore bilingual education
Authors: Lee Cher Leng , Phua Chiew Pheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bilingualism has always been emphasized in Singapore’s education system. Since 1959, Singapore government leaders
have repeatedly stressed that bilingualism is the cornerstone of Singapore’s language policy. Scholars researching language policy
and planning in Singapore have also assumed that Singapore has always maintained a consistent stand on bilingualism. This paper
cites the case of Chinese language (Mandarin) education as evidence to show how “bilingual” education has undergone significant
changes in Singapore by tracing the historical changes and examining how bilingual education has evolved since its implementation. The findings show that the once-compulsory bilingual requirements gave way to differentiated ones in the history of
Singapore’s bilingual policy. This finding will help researchers have a better understanding of Singapore’s “bilingual education”
today and its position compared to other bilingual education systems in the world.
Dialect and Putonghua in Xi’an city
Authors: Li Qiong , Wang Yuying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As one of the industrial centers of Western China, Xi’an is undergoing a process in which surrounding “urban villages” are incorporated into the urban area. This paper reports on the
contact situation between the Xi’an dialect of Beishan Menkou “urban village” and Mandarin Chinese. Data collection started with
traditional dialect survey methodology which assumes the dialect to be homogeneous and shared across village members. It requires
respondents to read a standard list of Chinese characters. The assumption that the dialect is homogeneous is generally agreed upon
for older generations but is doubtful for the younger generation who are exposed to modern education and modern
life. We therefore stratified the survey across three generations with six informants, a male and female informants for each
generation. The results show that the dialect among the two older generations was still homogeneous and shared, whereas the
youngest generations showed influence of Putonghua on the dialect. This resulted in a new dialect variant “Dialect with Putonghua
features”, which is recognized by urban village members as such. Female respondents generally were conceived of as speaking the
New Dialect more clearly than their male counterparts. We also investigated the impact of the dialect on Putonghua and concluded
that among the younger generation, a form of “Local Putonghua” developed, whereas the accented forms used by older generations are
a variety of intermediate forms of this “Local Putonghua”. The paper further provides details of the changes taking place in the
New Dialect in terms of tones, initials and finals, vocabulary and grammar. Words in local Putonghua were also listed.
Language behavior and identity change in the Fangshang Hui community of Xi’an
Authors: Dong Hongjie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article provides information of language behavior practices and identity change of members of the Fangshang
Hui community in Xi’an, China. The study explores how differences in residential space influence language behavior as well as the
way in which community identity is perceived. Two areas were studied, the traditional Hui community area “around the mosque” and
the new area of modern flats. Data were collected via two-hundred questionnaires and forty sociolinguistic interviews. The survey
was administered in 2016. Aspects of language behavior and language choice were related to residential area. The findings show
that change of residential area has a significant effect on language choice behavior. Language choice was calculated according to
the extent of use in community internal and external interactions. The varieties involved were the Fangshang Hui variety, the
Xi’an dialect and Mandarin Chinese. Divergent linguistic behavior is related to altered Hui identity, which divides the community
into home-dialect oriented and official-language oriented members. ‘Differential recurrence’ is introduced as the mechanism that
creates language and identity change and is presented as contribution to sociolinguistic theory.
Time-space Fourier κω′ filter for motion artifacts compensation during transcranial fluorescence brain imaging
Authors: Molodij Guillaume , Sdobnov Anton , Kuznetsov Yuri , Harmelin Alon , Meglinski Igor , Kalchenko Vyacheslav 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Intravital imaging of brain vasculature through the intact cranium in vivo is based on the evolution of the fluorescence intensity and provides an ability to characterize various physiological processes in the natural context of cellular resolution. The involuntary motions of the examined subjects often limit in vivo non-invasive functional optical imaging. Conventional imaging diagnostic modalities encounter serious difficulties in correction of artificial motions, associated with fast high dynamics of the intensity values in the collected image sequences, when a common reference cannot be provided. In the current report, we introduce an alternative solution based on a time-space Fourier transform method so-called K-Omega. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective for image stabilization of fast dynamic image sequences and can be used autonomously without supervision and assignation of a reference image.
Development and simulation of multi-diagnostic Bayesian analysis for 2D inference of divertor plasma characteristics
Authors: Bowman C , Harrison J R , Lipschultz B , Orchard S , Gibson K J , Carr M , Verhaegh K , Myatra O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present results of the design, implementation and testing of a Bayesian multi-diagnostic inference system which combines various divertor diagnostics to infer the 2D fields of electron temperature T

e
, density n

e
and deuterium neutral density n
0 in the divertor. The system was tested using synthetic diagnostic measurements derived from SOLPS-ITER fluid code predictions of the MAST-U Super-X divertor which include appropriate added noise. Two SOLPS-ITER simulations in different states of detachment, taken from a scan of the nitrogen seeding rate, were used as test-cases. Taken across both test-cases, the median absolute fractional errors in the inferred electron temperature and density estimates were 10.3% and 10.1% respectively. Differences between the inferred fields and the test-cases were well explained by solution uncertainty estimates derived from posterior sampling. This work represents a step toward a larger goal of obtaining a quantitative, 2D description of the divertor plasma state directly from experimental data, which could be used to gain better understanding of divertor physics phenomena.
Technology and parameters of cabbage machine harvesting by careful stacking of heads in containers
Authors: Alatyrev S S , Kruchinkina I S , Alatyrev A S , Vasilyev A O , Andreev R V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The most important issue when developing the machine technology of cabbage harvesting is to protect the heads from mechanical damage. In this regard, the article describes a new technology for harvesting cabbage based on a prototype developed by the authors of a multivariate cabbage harvester. This technology of cabbage machine harvesting differs from the known gentle mode of stacking heads in containers on a low-frame trailer accompanying the harvesting unit. The authors first simulated the workflow of this technology using the queuing theory. As a result, a quantitative relationship between the performance indicators of the cabbage harvesting process and the structural and technological parameters of the machine in the studied variant was established. On its basis, rational values of parameters of the machine were defined: the number of jobs at the completion table, the longitudinal conveyor and on the site of the low-frame trailer, respectively, n1 = 2, n2 = 4, and n3 = 4; the length of the conveyor-cutter and the longitudinal conveyor, respectively, was 2.8 and 4 m.
Amino acid preparations in feeding young pigs and laying hens
Authors: Nemtseva E Y , Lavrentev A Y , Sherne VS , Alekseev V A , Evdokimov N V , Petrov N S , Danilova N V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the effectiveness of the drug “L-lysine monohydrochloride feed”. Animals of the experimental group additionally included in the main diet of 2.5% L-lysine monohydrochloride feed by weight of concentrates. The inclusion of the studied additive in the diets of young pigs contributes to an increase in the average daily gain of 14.1%, reducing the cost of feed by 11.73% compared with the control group. As a result of the research it was found that due to the use of the drug L-lysine monohydrochloride feed, an additional 3.38 kg gain per head or 253.5 rubles was obtained. During the study on laying hens aged 25 to 33 weeks, egg production was studied, which by the end of the experiment was: 93.7% in the control group, 95.2% in the experimental, which is 1.5% more. In addition, there is a tendency to increase egg weight by 1 g or 1.8%, yolk weight and its specific weight in the egg by 2 g or 13.3%, respectively, as well as thickening of the shell by 3 microns or 8.1%, and a decrease in shell content by 1%.
Genotoxicity evaluation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: in vivo studies in mice
Authors: Snegin E , Gusev A , Snegina E , Barkhatov A , Vasyukova I , Artemchuk O 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe toxicity of carbon nanoparticles in recent years has attracted much attention due to their active use in industry, medicine and agriculture, which brings not only obvious benefits, but also potential danger to the environment and human health. Getting into the natural environment, bioaccumulating and bioconcentrating in them, carbon nanotubes pose a real threat to mammals, since due to their high migration ability they can penetrate the food chain of animals and humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the genotoxicity of carbon nanotubes in in vivo experiments on laboratory mice. For this, based on the method of single cell alkaline gel electrophoresis assay, studies were conducted to determine the effect of aqueous colloidal solutions of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on genotoxicity towards various tissues in laboratory mice. During these acute and subacute in vivo experiments we have established that orally introduced multiwalled carbon nanotubes colloids damage deoxyribonucleic acid in various organs. In particular, 0.5 mg of multiwalled carbon nanotubes administered daily for 21 days have a prominent genotoxic effect. Thus, the obtained results have illustrated that multiwalled carbon nanotubes can potentially affect the genetic material in mammals, orally administered nanotubes increase the rate of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid destruction.
Glass-fiber membranes for storing, transportation and further characterization of agricultural plant biomaterial
Authors: Vasyukova I , Zakharova O , Altabaeva Yu , Kondakov S , Snegin E , Romanova T , Gusev A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe modified glass-fiber membranes possess high mechanical strength, good wetting and storage capacity, these properties render them a promising medium for storing dry biomaterial collected from agricultural plants. We have studied the applicability of this method for storing biomaterial collected from cucumber, tomato and potato in the form of dried spots on glass-fiber matrices for further ecological and phytosanitary studies. Also preservation of Phytophthora infestans deoxyribonucleic acid in the potato tuber and tomato fruit biomaterial stored on glass-fiber membranes has been evaluated. It has been revealed via real time polymerase chain reaction assays that in dried spots on glass-fiber membranes more than 90% of the plant deoxyribonucleic acid is preserved after seven-day storage. The method of electrophoretic isolation has shown that the condition of Phytophthora infestans deoxyribonucleic acid in the plant biomaterial stored on glass-fiber membranes is similar to the control after any storage period. In all the studied cases the storage conditions of the dried spots on glass-fiber matrices had no influence on the target deoxyribonucleic acid preservation. The obtained results prove usability of membrane carriers for crop science as a whole and detection of plant diseases in particular, and for food quality monitoring, especially carried out in the field.
Mathematical modeling of economic factors impact: reproduction of personnel potential in agriculture sector of Russia
Authors: Orlov V , Ivanova T , Brenchagova S , Rumbayeva N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents an approach which allows obtaining quantitative characteristics and assessing the impact of economic factors on the reproduction rate of personnel potential providing objective forecasting of trends and problems in the industry. Based on the PEST analysis and the results of a sociological survey using the index analysis method, the article developed a methodology for calculating the integral indicator of changes in economic conditions in Russian agriculture. By means of mathematical modeling, their influence on the reproduction of personnel potential in the industry is proved. One of the elements of the proof of the obtained results is a multi-factor mathematical model built and tested in real time, which allows obtaining a high-quality predicted result. Based on the forecasts, we can state the need to adjust certain factors that are actively affecting the reproduction of personnel potential in agriculture, which is a mathematical justification for making managerial decisions.
The possibility of using biopreparations based on nanoparticles of biogenic metals in crop production and plant protection
Authors: Churilov D , Polischuk S , Churilov G , Shemyakin A , Churilova V , Andreev K , Arapov I , Obidina I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Modern agricultural production requires innovative technologies. For a labile technological process of grain growing the following things are necessary: precise (coordinate) farming, crops protection in the form of controlled coexistence with undesirable life forms and a single pre-treatment with biopreparations based on biogenic metal nanoparticles. Physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles contribute to biocompatibility and biological activity when interacting with wheat and other crops. The paper shows relationship between the size of metal nanoparticles and their effect on wheat seedlings at concentrations of 0.001-1.000 g/t. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the crops significantly decreased when maximum morpho-physiological parameters and increased sharply at concentrations above 100 g/t and 10 g/t, respectively, for nanoparticles sized 35-60 nm and up to 20 nm. For nanoparticles sized 35-60 nm the stability limit was the concentration of nanoparticles much higher than 100 g/t, and for those up to 20 nm it was 0.001-10 g/t. The content of hormone indole acetic acid increased under the action of nanoparticles, which increased energy efficiency of plant respiration, activity of enzymatic reactions and wheat yield and grain quality when strengthening the seedlings’ viability, reducing the effect of weeds to minimum.
Variability of morphological features of spring soft wheat Moskovskaya 35
Authors: Ivanova I , Ilina S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The variety of spring soft wheat Moscovskaya 35, zoned in 1971, is an outstanding breeding achievement. It is included in the State Register of approved varieties and recommended for the fourth region in Russia (Volga-Vyatka). In this paper, an assessment was made of the variation in the structure elements of the harvest of spring wheat variety Moskovskaya 35 depending on the growing season of the year 2014-2018 in the conditions of the southern part of the Volga-Vyatka region in Russia. A study of the morphostructural indicators of spring wheat of the variety Moskovskaya 35 for five years revealed that the most stable of those is the mass of 1000 grains (coefficient of variation – 13.1%), and the most variable is the length of the ear (coefficient of variation – 20.6%). It was found that the vegetation weather conditions for the years of testing had a strong influence on the intravarietal variability, which is confirmed by the calculation of correlations between yield and the sum of active temperatures during the vegetation period (regression coefficient – 0.92). Analysis of the coefficient of variation showed that the variety Moscovskaya 35 has good ecological plasticity, the coefficient of yield variation was 21.4%.
Features of adaptation and meat qualities of Aberdeen-Angus bulls on the background of immunostimulation
Authors: Semenov V , Baimukanov D , Tyurin V , Kuznetsov A , Tsarevsky I , Nikitin D , Efimova I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The feasibility of using Prevention-N-E, a newly developed and tested biological product, in comparison with the previously tested PS-6 preparation in the adaptive technology of keeping specialized beef cattle of imported breeding, had been scientifically substantiated and experimentally proved. Against the background of the use of drugs in animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, the incidence of the digestive and respiratory organs decreased by 1.4 and 2.3 times, the recovery time reduced by 3.36 and 4.88 days, accordingly, compared with the control (P <0.05). By the end of the growing period, the animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded in live weight control subjects by 6.6 and 9.2 kg, rearing by 10.4 and 14.8 kg, and fattening by 14.2 and 22.2 kg respectively. In the cuts of the carcasses of bulls of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, there was a bigger amount of the highest grade flesh: in spin-breast – by 1.0 and 1.0 kg, in the lumbar – by 0.2 and 0.4 kg, and in the hip – by 2.3 and 4.2 kg, rather than in the control.