bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial reasoning, mathematics, and gender: Do spatial constructs differ in their contribution to performance?
Authors: Harris Danielle , Lowrie Tom , Logan Tracy , Hegarty Mary 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe role of gender in both spatial and mathematics performance has been extensively studied separately, with a male advantage often found in spatial tasks and mathematics from adolescence. Spatial reasoning is consistently linked to mathematics proficiency, yet despite this, little research has investigated the role of spatial orientation and gender in the relationship between spatial reasoning and mathematics.AimsIn the present study, three spatial reasoning constructs (mental rotation, spatial visualization, and spatial orientation) were examined for their unique contributions to mathematics performance in two samples (Study 1: grade 5; Study 2: grade 8). In light of the emerging gender gap in mathematics as children develop, these relationships were explored as a function of gender.SampleEighty‐four fifth‐grade students participated in Study 1 (43 females, 41 males; mean age = 11.19 years). Nine hundred and three eighth‐grade students participated in Study 2 (498 females, 405 males; mean age = 13.83 years).MethodsThe three spatial reasoning constructs (mental rotation, spatial visualization, and spatial orientation) were examined for their unique contributions to mathematics performance for females and males in general and across different mathematical content (geometry–measurement and number sense).ResultsSpatial factors accounted for 51% of the variance in math scores in Study 1 (grade 5) and 32% of the variance in math scores in Study 2 (grade 8). In both studies, spatial factors predicted a larger proportion of variance in geometry–measurement than for number sense. Spatial orientation was found to be a unique contributor in all mathematics models, object‐based spatial skills (mental rotation and spatial visualization) varied in their contribution to math performance depending on mathematics content and gender.ConclusionsThe present work highlights the unique contribution of spatial orientation in the spatial–mathematics relationship and provides insights into the nature of gender differences in mathematical problem‐solving as a function of spatial reasoning and mathematics content.
Going the distance: Estimating the effect of provincial borders on trade when geography (and everything else) matters
Authors: Bemrose Robby K. , Mark Brown W. , Tweedle Jesse 
Published: July 2020

Abstract.In the presence of often‐cited provincial non‐tariff trade barriers, one should observe provincial border effects in Canada. However, using provincial trade data leads to upward biased estimates of the border effect, because intraprovincial trade is skewed towards short distance flows that are poorly estimated by gravity models. We overcome this bias by using sub‐provincial trade flows generated from a transaction‐level transportation dataset. The results show that border effects fall as geographies are more fine‐grained and uniform. In contrast to the US, where state border effects were eliminated using similar approaches, provincial border effects remain, with an implied 6.9% tariff equivalent.Résumé.Tenir la distance: estimation de l’effet frontalier provincial sur le commerce en tenant compte de la géographie. Lorsque l’on aborde la question très discutée des obstacles non‐tarifaires aux échanges commerciaux, il convient d’observer l’effet des frontières provinciales au Canada. L’utilisation de données commerciales interprovinciales se traduit néanmoins par des biais par excès au niveau de l’effet frontalier, les flux de courtes distances étant surreprésentés et mal évalués par les modèles gravitaires. Afin de résoudre ce problème d’écart systématique par excès, nous utilisons des données commerciales infraprovinciales issues d’un ensemble de données transactionnelles relatives au transport. Nos résultats montrent que l’effet frontalier diminue dès lors que les unités géographiques sont plus petites et uniformes. En utilisant les mêmes approches, on constate que l’effet frontalier disparaît aux États‐Unis. En revanche, au Canada, l’effet frontalier persiste avec un équivalent tarifaire implicite de 6,9 %.
Age moderates the associations between TRAbs, free T3 and outcomes of Graves’ disease patients with radioactive iodine treatment
Authors: Lu Lusi , Gao Chenlu , Zhang Nan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore whether age moderates the associations between TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) with thyroid hormones and remission in patients with Graves’ disease (GD) who undergo radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment.DesignA single‐centre retrospective study.PatientsA total of 435 eligible consecutive patients diagnosed with GD and treated with RAI therapy were included.MethodsTRAbs and thyroid hormones prior to RAI were recorded. Pearson's correlation, t tests and analysis of covariance were conducted to identify the associations between TRAbs, thyroid hormones and remission. Moderation analyses were conducted to test age as a moderator.ResultsOverall, 75.4% of the patients achieved remission with a single dose of iodine‐131. TRAb levels before RAI were positively correlated with the circulating thyroid hormones (ps < 0.001). Age moderated the association between TRAbs and free T3 (FT3) (P = .01), but did not moderate the association between TRAbs and free T4 (FT4) (P = .07). TRAb levels before RAI only significantly predicted remission status in young patients (P = .03), but not in middle‐aged (P = .36) or older patients (P = .74), after adjusting for covariates. When age was included as a continuous variable, moderation analyses revealed that the association between TRAbs and remission status was stronger in younger patients (P = .03).ConclusionsThe majority of Graves’ disease patients experienced a long‐term remission following a single dose of iodine‐131. Associations between TRAbs, FT3 and remission are moderated by age. TRAb level prior to RAI is a significant remission in younger patients, but not in middle‐aged or older patients.
The school experience of children in residential care: A multiple case study
Authors: Garcia‐Molsosa Marta , Collet‐Sabé Jordi , Montserrat Carme 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChildren in residential care are the out‐of‐home population group with the lowest rate of access to postsecondary education. Research aimed at understanding their situation within the school context suggests that besides learning progress and outcomes, subjective experiences should be taken into account. Qualitative research based on a multiple‐case study was designed and carried out in Spain with the aim of deepening the understanding of the individual school experiences of three children in residential care. Each case was analysed from the perspective of the child, the educators and the teachers. Semistructured, one‐to‐one interviews were carried out, and children's files were consulted. The results pointed to emotional distress and accumulated educational delay as common traits of the three children in the study. In shaping each particular school experience, the key themes identified included (1) individual characteristics, (2) the children's academic aspirations and strategies, (3) relationships with peers and teachers, (4) response experienced in school, (5) the complex structure of the residential centre, (6) the sense of belonging to the residential centre, (7) team work and (8) political action and investment in inclusive education.
Porocarcinoma with areas of mucinous differentiation suggesting multilineage differentiation
Authors: Llamas‐Velasco Mar , Fernández‐Flores Angel , Saeb‐Lima Marcela , Cassarino David Samuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorocarcinoma is an infrequent malignant adnexal carcinoma, with some histopathological variants described, such as the clear cell, the sarcomatoid or the pigmented porocarcinoma. We report an invasive porocarcinoma showing areas of tumor cells floating in prominent dermal mucin, simulating mucinous carcinoma, that we consider a new histopathological variant of porocarcinoma. We report a 74‐year‐old male with previous history of multiple basal cell carcinomas that presented a nodule on his left temple. Histopathologic study showed a large ulcerated multilobular tumor composed of thickened cords of cells emanating from a hyperplastic epidermis and showing a mixed infiltrative and pushing pattern in the dermis. Poroid differentiation was observed in most of the neoplasm, both in intraepidermal and dermal invasive component. Within the neoplasm a prominent area where these small nests with clear formation of ducts were floating in mucinous pools with few septa intermingled was observed, simulating a primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma. Cytology, immunohistochemistry and the presence of both neoplastic areas as closely related and with multiple points of connectivity favors the consideration of a composite tumor in this peculiar case. Other differentials are discussed.
Linking deforestation patterns to soil types: A multifractal approach
Authors: Urgilez‐Clavijo Andrea , de la Riva Juan , Rivas‐Tabares David Andrés , Tarquis Ana M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the three last decades, continental Ecuador biosphere reserves (CEBRs) have undergone important land cover transformations because of human‐managed systems such as agriculture, livestock, forestry, and urbanization. Thus, the native landscape structure has been altered, exhibiting a mosaic of patches with varying sizes and shapes. The resulting landscape could shape some patterns over time, reflecting the complex interactions between human activities and biotic‐abiotic factors, such as soil, climate, and water availability. Quantifying the landscape patterns and their dynamics is essential for the monitoring and assessment of the ecological consequences of land‐cover change in time. Based on the soil maps and raster land‐cover maps from 1990 to 2016 of two CEBRs, the spatial deforestation patterns were quantified through lacunarity and multifractal analysis. To conduct these analyses, the deforested areas were identified and overlapped to predominant soil types. The results showed that the deforestation process pattern and soil types interact through complex relations due to specific site characteristics. Thereby, both soil and land cover interacted in fractal structures. The patch area distribution of deforestation patterns linked to soil types reveals a power‐law relationship in which, as the area of the deforested patches increased, their frequency decreased. Also, this relation presents self‐similarity and multifractal behaviour over a wide range of scales from 46–2,674 pixels, with a pixel size of 30 m × 30 m. However, each CEBR showed varying degrees of heterogeneity and complexity, which were reflected through lacunarity and multifractal parameters. The dynamics of deforestation patterns linked to soil types can be spatially dependent on the initial patchiness state, the distance to the adjacent patches, and the suitability of the soil for agrarian activities. Altogether, these were the spatial underlying factors of the deforestation evolution in the two CEBRs.Highlights
Deforestation patterns show spatial self‐similarity
Deforestation patterns are linked to soil types
Landscape ecology, lacunarity, and multifractal analyses are useful to understand deforestation patterns
Initial patch location, distance to the nearest neighbour and soil suitability boost the deforestation expansion
Stroke chameleons: acute central pain mimicking acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Rebordão L. , Nannoni S. , Strambo D. , Michel P. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purpose‘Stroke chameleons’ refer to a group of syndromes that initially are not diagnosed as cerebrovascular events but are then found to represent stroke. The objective of this study was to report on acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients with chest or epigastric pain of central origin, clinically resembling an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsA prospective list was kept of AIS patients admitted to our institution between 2002 and 2014 with stroke symptoms appearing as an ACS on first clinical evaluation. For each identified patient, clinical and radiological features, delay to correct diagnosis, stroke etiology and 3‐month functional outcome were reviewed. Data were mainly extracted from the Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne (ASTRAL).ResultsFive AIS patients presenting mainly with chest or epigastric pain leading to a wrong diagnosis of ACS were identified. Cardiac evaluation showed minor electrocardiogram changes in two patients and isolated troponin elevation in one, subsequently shown to be of non‐coronary origin. The correct diagnosis of AIS was made only between 1 h and 72 h after hospital arrival. Four patients presented a vertebrobasilar stroke. None of the patients received acute stroke revascularization therapy despite two of them being in the time window for such treatment.ConclusionAcute ischaemic stroke presentation can infrequently resemble an ACS. In cases of negative cardiac work‐up, a central origin of chest pain should be considered, especially in the presence of subtle other neurological symptoms or signs. Appropriate diagnosis of stroke could avoid treatment delays and improve outcomes.
Transient cortico‐cortical disconnection during psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES)
Authors: Madec Tanguy , Lagarde Stanislas , McGonigal Aileen , Arthuis Marie , Benar Christian‐Georges , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPsychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are paroxysmal clinical events that are often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures, but which are not associated with electrographic discharge. Brain connectivity changes occurring during PNES are not known. We studied functional connectivity (Fc) in two patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, explored by stereotactic electroencephalography (EEG), in whom we recorded both epileptic seizures (ES) and PNES. Functional connectivity using pair‐wise nonlinear correlation was computed between signals from seven brain areas: amygdala, hippocampus, lateral temporal cortex, anterior insula, orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, and lateral parietal cortex. We assessed changes in global Fc during PNES in comparison with a background period. During PNES, a global decrease of Fc occurred between the different brain regions studied, compared with the interictal period. In both patients, decreased Fc was prominent in connections involving the anterior insula and parietal cortex. In conclusion, some PNES are associated with ictal functional disconnection between brain areas, particularly involving the parietal cortices and the anterior insula.
Drought shrinks terrestrial upland resilience to climate change
Authors: Zheng Yajing , Jin Yaguo , Ma Ruoya , Kong Delei , Zhu‐Barker Xia , Horwath William R. , Niu Shuli , Wang Hong , Xiao Xin , Liu Shuwei , Zou Jianwen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimDrought has been shown to alter terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics, and thus feedback to future climate. However, drought‐induced changes in terrestrial upland C and N pools and the drought response of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes are yet to be quantified.LocationGlobal upland ecosystems.Time period2000–2018.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial C and N fluxes.MethodsA meta‐analysis was conducted that compiled 1,344 measurements from 128 manipulative studies worldwide to obtain a general picture of terrestrial C and N cycling responses to soil drought stress and identify the primary driving factors.ResultsWe showed that drought significantly decreased plant C pools, with stronger negative responses of aboveground than belowground C components. Drought significantly decreased soil respiration (RS) and N2O fluxes by 19% and 29%, respectively. There were non‐significant changes in soil organic C and N pools in response to drought; in contrast to a considerable decrease in soil dissolved organic C (−22%), there was a robust increase in soil nitrate‐N (26%) following short‐term drought impact. By relating net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to the difference between net primary production (NPP) and soil heterotrophic respiration (RH), drought was found to drive a decrease up to −37% in NEP, being equivalent to a reduction in terrestrial net C uptake of 2.91 t C/ha.Main conclusionsOur study provides insights into soil release of CO2 and N2O with a linkage to the changes in terrestrial C and N pools in response to drought across upland biomes. Our findings highlight that, despite the lowered soil C release rate, the capacity of upland biomes as a C sink to slow climate change would still be weakened due to a robust decline of plant‐derived C input to soil in a future drier climate.
Role of dewatering and roasting parameters in the quality of handmade gari
Authors: Dahdouh Layal , Escobar Andrés , Rondet Eric , Ricci Julien , Fliedel Geneviève , Adinsi Laurent , Dufour Dominique , Cuq Bernard , Delalonde Michèle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGari is a common cassava precooked dried semolina in sub‐Saharan Africa. Our study investigated the role of process parameters and mash water content on gari quality during traditional roasting stage. The statistical analysis for eight quality criteria revealed that gari quality is highly influenced by the process parameters adopted by the operators. To emphasise the twin impact of roasting parameters and mash water content, different mashes with varying water content were roasted leading to different adjustments of the roasting conditions according to the operators. When the variability of the water content becomes greater, a greater variability in the final quality of the obtained garis was observed between operators (lightness, swelling capacity, starch content, texture and colour). These results suggest that technological improvements to the gari process could be achieved by appropriate management of the roasting and dewatering parameters.
Improving picking performance at a large retailer warehouse by combining probabilistic simulation, optimization, and discrete‐event simulation
Authors: Amorim‐Lopes Mário , Guimarães Luís , Alves João , Almada‐Lobo Bernardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDistribution warehouses are a critical part of supply chains, representing a nonnegligible share of the operating costs. This is especially true for unautomated, labor‐intensive warehouses, partially due to time‐consuming activities such as picking up items or traveling. Inventory categorization techniques, as well as zone storage assignment policies, may help in improving operations, but may also be short‐sighted. This work presents a three‐step methodology that uses probabilistic simulation, optimization, and event‐based simulation (SOS) to analyze and experiment with layout and storage assignment policies to improve the picking performance. In the first stage, picking performance is estimated under different storage assignment policies and zone configurations using a probabilistic model. In the second stage, a mixed integer optimization model defines the overall warehouse layout by selecting the configuration and storage assignment policy for each zone. Finally, the optimized layout solution is tested under demand uncertainty in the third, final simulation phase, through a discrete‐event simulation model. The SOS methodology was validated with three months of operational data from a large retailer's warehouse, successfully illustrating how it may be successfully used for improving the performance of a distribution warehouse.
Synchronization of Menstrual Cycles in Pigtailed Macaques Using Photoperiod
Authors: Bowers Charles L. , Elton Robert H. 
Published: July 2020

Periods of artificial light were manipulated to induce synchronous ovulation in a group of pigtailed macaques. Treatments consisted of constant light exposure over diminishing periods of 9,7,5,3 and 3 days. Ovulation was assessed externally and assumed to have occurred on the first day of perineal detumescence. The results demonstrate that manipulation of light exposure affects reproductive cycling.
Thermal‐couple levels of 4S3/2 and 2H11/2 in Na(Ca, Sr)La(VO4)2:Er3+ phosphors for potential optical thermometers
Authors: Hua Yongbin , Yu Jae Su 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel green‐emitting erbium(III) (Er3+)‐activated Na(Ca, Sr)La(VO4)2 phosphors with an interesting and stable trigonal structure were prepared. The crystal structure, elemental composition, morphology, photoluminescence, and sensing properties were investigated in detail. The color purity values of optimal NaSrLa(VO4)2:0.05Er3+ and NaCaLa(VO4)2:0.05Er3+ phosphors were calculated to be about 92.91% and 90.73% with the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage color coordinates of (0.283, 0.684) and (0.295, 0.676), respectively. Meanwhile, the sensing property and cycling performance of those samples were also studied based on the thermal‐couple levels of 4S3/2 and 2H11/2. The maximum absolute sensing sensitivity values of the NaCaLa(VO4)2:Er3+ and NaSrLa(VO4)2:Er3+ phosphors were found to be 9.23 × 10−3 and 7.69 × 10−3 K−1 while the relative sensing sensitivity values were found to be 1.15% and 1.20% K−1, respectively. Furthermore, several repeated tests confirmed that the cycling performance was stable, demonstrating that the resultant samples with high and stable sensing sensitivity are great potential for optical thermometers.
Unintended ICD discharge in a patient undergoing bladder tumor resection utilizing monopolar cautery and full‐body return electrode
Authors: Lefevre Ryan J. , Crossley George H. , Sorabella Laura L. , Siegrist Kara K. , Eagle Susan S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) devices frequently present for surgical procedures. If electrocautery is used, careful planning is needed to avoid inappropriate device function or device damage. Published consensus statements suggest that if the surgery is below the umbilicus, interference is typically minimal, and therefore it is not recommended to reprogram or disable the CIED. When these guidelines were published, full‐body return electrodes were not commonly used in clinical practice, and therefore were not addressed in the recommendations. A 76‐year‐old male with a single chamber ICD underwent bladder surgery under general anesthesia. Monopolar cautery was used with a full‐body return electrode. The patient had undergone a similar procedure multiple times prior utilizing a traditional thigh adhesive return electrode without any inappropriate ICD discharges. During the procedure, the patient's movement was noted with electrocautery use which was suspected to be an inappropriate discharge of his ICD. Device interrogation was performed confirming two antitachycardia pacing therapies and four defibrillations due to interference from the electrocautery. This case examines inappropriate ICD discharge related to interference from electrocautery when utilizing a full‐body return electrode, despite a subumbilical location of surgery. Current consensus statement guidelines do not recommend device reprogramming or magnet used when surgery is below the umbilicus, however, these full‐body return electrodes were not routinely used when these guidelines were published. Based on these results, the authors avoid full‐body return electrodes in patients with CIEDs.