bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of Current Sheets with a Shock Wave and Particle Acceleration
Authors: Nakanotani Masaru , Zank Gary P. , Zhao Lingling 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the interaction of a shock wave with multiple current sheets using a 2D hybrid simulation. We set the separation between current sheets at 25c/Wi and the thickness longer than the ion inertial length. While the current sheets are stable upstream, they become unstable to the tearing instability since the thickness becomes shorter than the ion inertial length after they interact with the shock wave. Magnetic islands produced by the instability evolve into larger islands through coalescence and the electromagnetic fields become turbulent far downstream. We also observe that the number of energetic particles increases with distance away from the shock wave and that the increase corresponds to the evolution of the current sheets.
Voyager 2 Observations Near the Heliopause
Authors: Richardson John D. , Belcher John W. , Burlaga Leonard F. , Cummings Alan C. , Decker Robert B. , Opher Merav , Stone Edward C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses plasma characteristics in the heliosheath region before the heliopause (HP), at the HP, and in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). The Voyager 2 (V2) HP was a sharp boundary where the radial plasma currents went to background levels. The radial flow speeds derived from 53-85 keV (V1) and 28-43 keV (V2) ion data decreased about 2 years (8 AU) before the HP at V1 and V2. A speed decrease was not observed by the V2 plasma instrument until 160 days (1.5 AU) before the HP crossing when V2 entered the plasma boundary layer where the plasma density and 28-43 keV ion intensity increased. We determine the HP orientation based on the plasma flow and magnetic field data and show these observations are consistent with models predicting a blunt HP. Variations are observed in the currents observed in the VLISM; roll data from this region clearly show the plasma instrument observes the interstellar plasma and may be consistent with larger than expected VLISM temperatures near the HP.
Observational Evidence for the Parametric Decay in a Solar Type III Radio Burst
Authors: Thejappa G. , MacDowall R. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The STEREO spacecraft has provided new observational evidence for the parametric interaction, known as the electrostatic decay instability in the source region of a solar type III radio burst. The in situ high time resolution wave observations show that Langmuir waves often occur as intense one dimensional magnetic field aligned beat type of wave packets, with spectra containing peaks at fpe
, fpe
− fS
and fS
, corresponding to the beam excited Langmuir waves (L), and respectively to the daughter Langmuir (L′) and ion sound S waves generated as a result of the electrostatic decay instability (ESD) L → L′ + S. Most probably, the beat pattern is due to beating between L and oppositely directed L′, and the beat frequency corresponds to ion sound frequency. The implication of these observations for theories of solar type III radio bursts is discussed.
A kinetic perspective on azimuthal variation of magnetopause reconnection at scales below an Earth radius
Authors: Zou Ying , Walsh Brian M. , Atz Emil , Liang Haoming , Ma Qianli , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection efficiency at the Earth’s magnetopause has recently been shown to exhibit variations in reconnection jet amplitudes at azimuthal scales below an Earth radius [1]. This finding, however, is obtained based on the bulk velocity moment measurements. If there exists a significant cold magnetospheric ion population in addition to the accelerated magnetosheath population, the combination of the two would yield a low bulk velocity moment that does not necessarily correspond to a weak reconnection activity. Here we analyse ion distribution functions of the three reconnection events in [1] to examine whether the varying jet amplitudes are due to the presence of cold magnetospheric ions or variations of reconnection acceleration. Our results show that, although the cold magnetospheric ions have lowered the absolute bulk velocity, the relative variation trend of the bulk velocity is consistent with that of the acceleration gained by magnetosheath ions. The result supports the interpretation that reconnection activity can vary azimuthally on scales below an Earth radius.
Evaluation of uncertainty in determining the physical properties of concrete using Bootstrap
Authors: Afanador García N , Noriega Sanchez C J , Nolasco Serna C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This investigation analyzed the uncertainty of compression resistance in the average statistics, standard error, asymmetry, kurtosis and confidence intervals taking into account the Bootstrap method. The implementation of the Bootstrap method in determining the physical properties of the material used in the construction of buildings, is a fundamental tool to establish the physical behavior of existing buildings. The application of the Bootstrap method allowed estimating the statistics for the reported dosages with different samples; 1:2:2, allowing to estimate statistics. The results allowed to determine the probability density function of the average value of the compressive strength and with it, probabilistic resistance values can be established. This research determined statistical results of the compressive strength vital to carry out revision, vulnerability and structural reinforcement studies of existing buildings in the municipality of Ocaña, Colombia.
Removal of cadmium in wastewater by sorption on ceramics
Authors: Arenas A I , Montaño A M , González C P , Barón G C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The removal of cadmium by ceramics surfaces was investigated to evaluate sorption effectiveness of these materials in residual waters. The effects of solution pH, contact time, metal concentration and dose of sorbet material were studied in batch experiments. Ceramic material was compositionally and morphologically characterized before and after the removal of cadmium by scanning electron microscopy to establish the metal sorption Sorbent material was also tested in residual water with high cadmium content, achieving a 98% removal efficiency.
Evolution of the algebraic error in the evaluation processes mathematics and physics in engineering students
Authors: Arboledas L E , Hernández-Suárez C A , Paz-Montes L S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research aimed to analyze the evolution of the algebraic error in the evaluation processes of mathematics and physics in engineering students, of the Universidad de Pamplona, Villa del Rosario, Colombia. Theoretically, it was based on a typology of errors. The methodology was descriptive quantitative study. The sample consisted of 77 students from engineering programs. The instruments were a Likert scale and a test of knowledge in mathematics and physics involving algebraic arithmetic operations. The results show that 9 errors were replicated in the students of the three subjects evaluated. The most frequent errors were errors when performing algebraic arithmetic operations followed by incorrect own procedures and invalid inferences and errors in the additive resolution of the potency of an unfinished binomial and procedure. In conclusion, it can be said that the same errors appear in the three subjects although it is believed that with the passing of the semesters and the training of the students they should disappear when they finish their academic program.
Influence of the physic-methodological model on the deaf youth
Authors: Rojas Suárez J P , Vergel-Ortega M , Delgado J A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article was to evaluate the influence of the physics and urban, methodological model on the development of physical-mathematical thinking in deaf students based on research in context. Through a scale of 20 items applied to a population of 120 young deaf people between 15 and 18 years old. Factor analysis showed dimensions of pedagogical practice oriented and associate with physic thinking, variational, logical reasoning and axiomatic structure, emotional satisfaction, creative attitude, productivity, leadership competencies, motivation; internal consistency of the instrument was adequate (Cronbach alpha 0.81-0.95), a global intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97 (95%), average differences in sum of items -1.1 (standard deviation 5.5). Physics and Urban influenced the development of physical-mathematical thinking in deaf youth in the context of “San José de Cúcuta, Colombia”.
Population ageing determines changes in heat vulnerability to future warming
Authors: Park Chang-Eui , Jeong Sujong , Harrington Luke J , Lee Myong-In , Zheng Chunmiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Population ageing, an increase in the older age group’s portion of the total population, worsens the heat tolerance of a society. However, impacts of ageing on the social exposure to projected unprecedented hot summers (UHSs) are uncertain. We show that a shifting of the population distribution towards older ages amplifies the vulnerability of a country to the increasing frequency of UHSs as a result of warming during 2040–2070, especially in most populated regions such as China, India, and sub-Saharan countries. The warming scenarios from Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 are combined with population scenarios from three Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) SSP2, SSP3, and SSP5 together to estimate the exposure to UHSs. The ageing-driven increase in the exposure of elderly to UHSs ranges 51–198, 91–261, and 47–156 million in China, India, and sub-Saharan countries, respectively, between population scenarios. In China, with decreasing total population, the exposure to UHSs will be increased by rapid population ageing. In India and sub-Saharan countries, the potential of ageing to raise the exposure to UHSs will be even larger than that of warming. In contrast, in aged societies with slow ageing trend, e.g. United States and Europe, the warming mainly increases the exposure to UHSs. Our results suggest the changing age structure could exacerbate a country’s heat vulnerability despite limiting warming to a certain level in the future.
Exotic entanglement for non-Hermitian Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonians
Authors: Frith Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We provide the first solution of a time-dependent metric operator for the non-Hermitian Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian. We use this solution to calculate the entanglement between two identical isolated such Hamiltonians. The presence of a non-Hermitian interaction term leads to a spontaneously broken

PT

-symmetric regime which manifests itself in the exotic time-evolution of entanglement. When the symmetry is broken, oscillatory modes transition into decay. As such, there is a drastic difference in behaviour between the broken and unbroken regimes.
Implementation of Cluster Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks as an Alternative for Klassen Typology and LQ: Case of Coconut
Authors: Kusdarjito Cungki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Due to the campaign supported by manufacturers of soy-oil in the United States which stated that consuming coconut oil might cause heart disease, coconuts’ popularity started to decline. As a result, the coconut was neglected by farmers and productivity was declining. Yet, recent study showed the opposite results. Coconut was good for health. As a result, the demand for coconut products increased. Indonesia, as the world’s largest coconut producers cannot maximize these opportunities due to aging coconut which have been neglected for many years. Coconut products may improve the income of farmers and encourage sustainable agriculture as well as diversify farmers’ income. Some simple methods, such as Klassen Typology or Location Quotient can be used to classify the potential area to be developed or rejuvenated. Nevertheless, these approaches are not able to generalize and not suitable to be implemented for cases with large data. This research tried to use cluster analysis such as dendrogram, Principle Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Network for classification. The results show that the dendrogram provided good results, whilst the Principle Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks required more data for better results.
Growth and yield of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by Rhizobium sp. bacteria inoculant and frequence of watering
Authors: Ramadhani Chintya , Fuskhah Eny , Dwi Purbajanti Endang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to know the influence of the Rhizobium bacteria inoculant doses as biotic fertilizer and the frequence of watering on the growth and yield of the mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). The study was conducted in Green House of Faculty Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University. The experimental design of this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) The parameters observed were height of plant, number of leaves, days of blooming, and days of pod. The result showed that the dose of the Rhizobium inoculant had a significant effect on days of blooming. The frequency of watering had significant effect on height of plant, number of leaves, days of the bloom, days of the podded and weight of pods. In conclusion, mung bean that was treatmented by Rhizobium sp. bacteria inoculant (treatments of R2, R3 and R4) and treatment of F3 had same in days of blooming and days of podded with bacteria inoculant RHIZOKA (treatment of R1).
Infertile egg powder as a potential feedstuff for starter broilers
Authors: Ratriyanto Adi , Pratitis Sabar Suprayogi Wara , Atikah Rizki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Infertile egg powder (IEP) contains a high nutrient content, particularly protein, thus it is potential to be utilized as a feedstuff. The objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of IEP as a feedstuff for starter broilers. This study used 196 one-day-old male broilers which were randomly allocated to four treatments in a completely radomized design with 7 replicates of 7 birds. The four dietary treatments included: basal diet (T0), 96% basal diet + 4% IEP (T1), 94% basal diet + 6% IEP (T2), and 92% basal diet + 8% IEP (T3). The diets were provided ad libitum. The variables were the feed intake, growth performances and feed cost. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Feeding with T1, T2 and T3 did not affect the feed intake. However, T2 showed higher protein intake, while T2 and T3 showed higher energy intake than T0 (P<0.05). The IEP increased birds’ average daily gain and feed efficiency (P<0.01). The T1, T2 and T3 treatments yielded lower feed cost. It can be concluded that IEP can be utilized as feedstuff for starter broilers as indicated by improvement in growth performances.
The Effect of Solvent Ratio and Precipitation Time on Isolation of Inulin from White Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Authors: Yudhistira B , Siswanti  , Luwidharto J.C.N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
White sweet potato has the potential as a source of inulin and is largely abundant in Indonesia. The solvent ratio and precipitation time in ethanol solvent can increase yield produced in the inulin isolation process. This research aimed to determine the effect of different solvent ratios and precipitation times on inulin yield in the extraction-isolation process and as well to know the physical and chemical characteristics of white sweet potato inulin. The stages of the study consisted of determining the total sugar content and sugar reduction, extraction, isolation, physical and chemical characterization. This research used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RALF) with two factors, different solvent ratio were 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 with precipitation time for 6, 12, and 18 hours. Data were analyzed used General Linier. The analysis was followed by DMRT (a = 0,05). The results showed that the ratio of 1:2 and the precipitation time of 12 hours produced the best inulin yield of 7.72%. It had an effect on the physical characteristics of inulin that were produced, namely color, solubility, water absorption and water content. While the other characteristics in the form of ash content were not significantly different in ratio and precipitation time.
Implementation Design of Corporate Farming using Warehouse Receipt System Approach in Central Java
Authors: Budiraharjo Kustopo , Sunarno  , Solikhin  , Kunaedi Agung , Darwanto  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Corporate farming is farmland merger activity jointly organized by farmers in an integrated single management. This system can be a solution for many of the problems faced by farmers today. Business efficiency, quality standardization, and effectiveness and efficiency in managing the utilization of resources are expected when the company’s agricultural system is implemented. Paddy farming in Central Java is still dominated by narrow-scale farming activities that are managed individually. This results in diverse productivity and is economically less efficient, resulting in low competitiveness. Farming activities currently carried out by farmers will be more efficient if managed by implementing a corporate farming system and supported by the Warehouse Receipt Integrated System makes microfinance institutions interested in distributing funds to capital farmers. The warehouse receipt system is supported by the concept of comparative agriculture, it is hoped that the synergy of both can increase the capital and income of farmers in Central Java.
Optimization of Farmers Working Hours through Increasing the Farm Size of Beef Cattle Production in Rural Area
Authors: Sugiarto Mochamad , Mastuti Sri , Khaerudin  , Gayatri Siwi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims were to (1) identify the working hours of farmers in beef cattle farming (2) formulate the number of beef cattle that can be maintained by subsistence farmers as a side business. The study was done in rural area of Tegal Regency using survey method. 100 beef cattle farmers were selected as respondents using multistage sampling. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics to describe the average working hours of farmers per Animal Unit (AU) and the potential time remaining by the farmers. The farmers in Tegal Regency had an average farm size of cattle of 2.40 AU. Various maintenance activities for cattle production were grazing, cleaning cattle housing, feeding and drinking, bathing the cattle. It was done by farmers for 1.75-5.10 hours/day, with an average of 3.89 hours/day. Farmers devoted the most of their time (56.04%) to take forage and grazing. Beef cattle farmers in Tegal Regency had a maximum capacity of maintaining 4.22 AU beef cattle or equivalent to 4 heads of cow.
Comparative studies of partnership between Credit Farmers (Tebu Rakyat Kredit) and Independent Farmers (Tebu Rakyat Mandiri) with Pesantren Baru sugar factory in Kediri, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Masyhuri  , Hartono Slamet , Rahayu Lestari , Perwitasari Hani 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane plays an important role in Indonesian economics. However, recently sugarcane field has been converted into a rice field or housing. It has made a challenging to elevate sugar productivity. Located in Kediri, Pesantren Baru Sugar Factory is one of the potential places to develop sugarcane as a prime commodity in East Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the model of partnership, Credit Farmers (Tebu Rakyat Kredit/TRK) and Independent Farmers (Tebu Rakyat Mandiri/TRM) in Pesantren Baru Sugar Factory; profit of TRK and TRM; feasibility of TRK and TRM. Primary data were collected with survey method of 60 farmers and independent t-test analysis was used to compare profit and feasibility between TRK and TRM. The result showed the model of partnership in Pesantren Baru Sugar Factory were TRK and TRM. TRK was more profitable and feasible than TRM.
Investment Sensitivity of Corn Silage Production Integrated into Feed Supply Service of Dairy Cooperative
Authors: Hadiana M. H. , Suryadi D. , Daud A. R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to identify the sensitivity of investment in commercial corn silage production based on 20 hectares of cropland. The start-up project was prepared through a profit-sharing partnership between the South Bandung Dairy Cooperative and the owner of the land rights. The harvested whole-plant crop (WPC) was processed to produce packaged silage, further distributed to meet the needs of the member of the cooperative. Data on agriculture input and output as well as their prices were gathered through a field survey. The result of data analysis was examined within a focus group discussion attended by the project authority. The project used hybrid corn that could be planted and harvested twice in a year and yields corn silage on average 78 ton/hectare/year. It required an investment fund of IDR1.5 billion for running the project for over ten years. By using social opportunity cost of the capital of 8% a year, financially it gave a positive Net Present Value. The B/C ratio was 1.34, and the IRR was 28.5%. Three variables have to be controlled by the project management because of the sensitive effect on the project feasibility, it consists of the cost of silage distribution, selling price and WPC/hectare yielded.
Comparative Analysis of Beef Cattle Farms Performance Before and After the Existence of Microfinance Institutions
Authors: Asnawi Aslina , Amidah Amrawaty Andi , Nirwana  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The existence of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in rural areas is one solution for farmers in general, including beef cattle farmers. The limitation of capital ownership in farmers is one of the factors that cause the number of livestock ownership is also relatively small and low feed quality. The existence of MFIs expected can encourage the motivation of farmers in running their livestock business, increase income-generating and cattle ownership. This study aimed to examine the differences in revenue and cattle owned between before and after the farmer joined in the MFIs. Data collection using a questionnaire. This research was explanatory research and uses comparative test analysis. The results of the study showed that there were differences in farmers’ revenue and the number of cattle ownerships before and after joining the MFIs. This was due to the presence of capital or funds that can be accessed from informal funding institutions, generally, farmers used these funds to buy better breed, improve feed quality hence, it affected the performance of cattle production. This condition can affect the amount of cattle ownership and revenue obtained by farmers. Therefore, the role of MFIs was very large for the development of livestock businesses in rural areas.
Adoption of the mixed crop and livestock farming’s technology in Magelang Regency, Central Java
Authors: Ain Afrilia Widarni Nur , Astuti Andriyani , Andarwati Siti , Anggraeni Kusumastuti Tri , Romadhoni Surya Putra Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mixed Crop and Livestock (MCL) farming provides opportunities for smallholder farmers to increase farm efficiency by using crop and livestock waste as the farming input resources. This study examined the correlation between farmer’s adoption level of MCL and their characteristics. Data were collected by multistage random sampling method through questionnaire for 132 smallholder farmers in five districts (Bandongan, Candimulyo, Kaliangkrik, Ngluwar and Salam). The processing of feed from crop waste and fertilizer from livestock waste technologies was the determinant of adoption level. It was divided into 3 categories, i.e. low, medium and high level. Results showed that 68.94% of respondents were in the low level, 21.97% was in the medium level and 9.09% was in the high level. There was a significant relationship between consulting to extension agents, number of training, farmers’ length of group membership, experience on raising livestock, and ruminants’ type raised by farmers toward adoption level on the technology of MCL farming.