bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil properties rather than plant production strongly impact soil bacterial community diversity along a desertification gradient on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zong Ning , Shi Peili 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGrassland desertification is an important environmental issue that has detrimental impacts on the sustainable development of grasslands and human residential environments. Soil microbial community structure might dramatically change during desertification processes because microorganisms are one of the major drivers of ecological processes through their interactions with plants and soil. However, knowledge on the driving factors of microbial diversity changes during the desertification process in alpine grasslands is still lacking. Using a spatial sequence instead of a time successional sequence method, five desertification gradients in alpine steppe were chosen to investigate the changes in soil properties, plants and microbial communities during grassland desertification and to determine the factors that drive microbial community changes. Community coverage, species diversity indices and aboveground biomass gradually decreased from potential to severely heavy desertification gradients (HDs), while species richness and belowground biomass showed unimodal patterns (p < .05). Soil water content and total nitrogen showed gradual decreasing trends, while soil bulk density and gravel content showed opposite trends (p < .05). In addition, both the Shannon diversity index and the Chao1 richness index of soil bacteria increased gradually. The structural equation model showed that of the factors, soil total nitrogen (82.3% of total effect) and soil bulk density (41.4% of total effect) were the most important soil factors affecting soil bacterial diversity. However, community aboveground (43.4% of total effect) and belowground production (13.9% of total effect) were not the primary factors affecting soil microbial diversity. This result suggests that soil microbial diversity during grassland desertification is primarily driven by changes in soil properties, and the effects of vegetation composition and production are relatively small. These findings contribute to the mechanistic understanding of soil microbial diversity by linking changes in soil properties and plant production during desertification processes in alpine ecosystems.
Optimising deproteinisation methods and effect of deproteinisation on structural and functional characteristics of flaxseed gum
Authors: Safdar Bushra , Pang Zhihua , Liu Xinqi , Jatoi Mushtaque Ahmed , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn the current study, deproteinisation rate (DPR) and carbohydrate loss ratio (CLR) in flaxseed gum (FSG) were compared as indexes by using four different deproteinised methods, that is sodium chloride (NaCl), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). In addition, the effect of deproteinisation on physicochemical, functional and structural characteristics (FTIR, 1H NMR and SEM analysis) of deproteinised flaxseed gum (DFSG) was further examined. The results revealed that HCl and TCA methods had better ability of deproteinisation (97.83% and 96.21%) but resulted in higher CLR (27.66% and 24.19%), while CaCl2 method excelled over the NaCl method in DPR (94.7% and 88.6%) and CLR (4.90% and 4.21%), respectively. Flaxseed gum showed significant functional properties even after deproteinisation and exhibited resolved resonances for both ring and anomeric protons in 1H NMR spectra. The characteristic groups in FTIR spectra were retained after deproteinisation.
Extraction, isolation, characterisation, antioxidant and anti‐fatigue activities of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Chen Xuefeng , Jia Wei , Gong Guoli , Zhao Yanni , Li Guoliang , Zhou Jie , Li Xiaona , Zhao Yu , Ma Wenjin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPleurotus eryngii polysaccharide (PEP) was obtained using hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation. Three purified polysaccharide fractions (namely PEP1‐A, PEP2‐A and PEP3‐A) were obtained from PEP using DEAE‐cellulose‐52 chromatography and a gel permeation Sephadex G‐100 column. Firstly, this paper examined the characterisation of PEP1‐A, PEP2‐A and PEP3‐A. The corresponding molecular weights were 5.378 × 105, 9.506 × 106 and 4.975 × 105 Da, respectively. PEP1‐A, PEP2‐A and PEP3‐A had similar monosaccharide compositions. PEP1‐A was β‐configuration, and PEP2‐A and PEP3‐A were α‐configuration. PEP1‐A, PEP2‐A and PEP3‐A had pyran‐type rings, (1 → 3) glucose and (1 → 6) galactose linkages. Secondly, PEP, PEP1‐A, PEP2‐A and PEP3‐A possessed antioxidant activities, and PEP was best. Therefore, only PEP was used to study its anti‐fatigue activity in vivo. The result proved that PEP had anti‐fatigue activity. PEP could be used as a valuable natural food supplement for preventing anti‐fatigue or functional food.
Yogurt and Streptococcus thermophilus metabolites ameliorated telomere attrition in D‐galactose‐induced ageing mice and t‐BHP‐challenged HepG2 cells
Authors: Shan Shufang , Zheng Tianli , Zhang Chaoxiong , Song Xuejiao , Chen Jiayi , Shi Ying , You Jia , Cheng Guo , Xiong Jingyuan 
Published: January 2020

SummaryAntioxidant‐rich diets affect telomere length, an integrative marker associated with age‐related diseases. Yogurt exerts antioxidative capacity and is speculated to support healthy ageing. However, direct experimental evidence is missing. Here, the effects of yogurt and dairy‐fermenting bacteria on D‐galactose‐induced ageing mice and chemically challenged HepG2 cells were evaluated. Relative telomere length (RTL) in leucocyte and liver were significantly longer in yogurt (1.21 ± 0.07; 1.23 ± 0.11) and Streptococcus thermophilus group (1.18 ± 0.15; 1.13 ± 0.12). When t‐BHP‐challenged HepG2 cells were treated with digested yogurt and S. thermophilus, the senescence index (13.67 ± 3.30; 19.67 ± 2.87) were lower and RTL (1.25 ± 0.11; 1.18 ± 0.10) were longer than the model. Antioxidative effects were observed for yogurt and S. thermophilus metabolites, whereas milk and Lactobacillus rhamnosus metabolites showed minimal influence on RTL and oxidative stress. In conclusion, this study showed that yogurt and S. thermophilus metabolites ameliorated telomere attrition in ageing mice and t‐BHP‐challenged HepG2 cells, possibly by reducing oxidative stress.
In vitro evaluation of digestive enzyme inhibition and antioxidant effects of naked oat phenolic acid compound (OPC)
Authors: Yang Zhihao , Qin Chuan , Weng Peifang , Zhang Xin , Xia Qiang , Wu Zufang , Liu Lianliang , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis research was focused on digestive enzyme inhibition and antioxidant properties of naked oat phenolic acid compound (OPC). Free and bound phenolic acid were separated from ethyl acetate fraction, n‐butanol fraction and aqueous fraction. The interactions between OPC and main digestive enzymes (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase, pepsin and trypsin) were studied. It was shown that the semi‐purified bound phenolic acid (semi‐purified by AB‐8 column) has a competitive alpha‐glucosidase inhibitor, while OPC of the organic extract fraction exhibited the characteristics of a mixed inhibitor. Bound phenolic‐n‐butanol fraction (IC50 = 98.39 ± 0.89 µg mL−1) had the strongest ability to scavenge the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Additionally, the starch hydrolysis degree of n‐butanol extraction naked oat phenolic compound was significantly lower than other fractions in vitro. The integrated results suggested that OPC could be considered as potential healthy factor to control postprandial blood glucose, and the mechanism maybe via anti‐digestion, antioxidation and interaction with diabetes‐related starch.
Effect of tea polyphenols on the quality characteristics of fresh wheat noodles in the storage
Authors: Li Hua , Ma Junting , Zhao Beibei , Pan Li , Meng Jun , Xu Baocheng 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn this study, the quality properties of fresh noodles with tea polyphenols (TPs), including rheological and texture properties, were characterised. The changes of gluten protein second structure, free thiol group (‐SH) content and TPs content were evaluated in fresh noodles during storage time. The results showed that the flour farinograph and extensograph properties could be improved by 0.9% TPs. All of textural parameters exhibited significant decrease (P < 0.05) along with the storage time, including hardness, springiness and tensile force of fresh noodles, while the shelf life of noodles containing TPs was longer than that of non‐TPs noodles. In addition, TPs inhibited the transformation of glutenin macropolymer (GMP) into SDS‐soluble glutenin in the fresh noodles. Furthermore, the increase in free thiol group, the decrease of α‐helix structure and the change of TPs content mostly occurred during the first 9 days. These results indicated that TPs could prolong the shelf life of fresh noodles.
Sweetener solutions as binding agents for amaranth bars: evolution of temporal dominance of sensory attributes
Authors: Martínez‐García Nayeli , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Ramón‐Canul Lorena Guadalupe , Servín‐Juárez Roselia , López‐Espíndola Mirna , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe objective of the study was to determine the effects of replacing binding agents with commercial low‐calorie sweetener solutions on the physicochemical and temporal dominance of sensations in amaranth bars. Five baked amaranth bar formulations (Sweetener‐Solution‐Formulated Amaranth Bars: SSFABs) were prepared using solutions of erythritol, sucralose, steviol and two sucrose concentrations (50% and 25%). A commercial bar (COMM) was used as a control. Proximal, pH, water activity, texture and colour were measured. Temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) was used to determine dominant attributes in time. In general, SSFABs showed a higher moisture, ash and protein content compared to COMM. Carbohydrates and total crude fat were lower in SSFABs than in COMM. Dominant attributes were Crispy, Dry, Sweet and Amaranth. Erythritol formulation was similar to the commercial bar in terms of maximum dominance rate. Replacement of binding agents impacted on the evolution of dominant attributes in amaranth bars.
Characterisation of sugars as the typical taste compounds in soy sauce by silane derivatisation coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and electronic tongue
Authors: Zhao Guozhong , Gao Qidou , Wang Yifei , Gao Jianbiao , Li Shu , Chen Zhenjia , Wang Xiaowen , Yao Yunping 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA total of 214 taste compounds were identified in soy sauce by silane derivatisation coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SD‐GC‐MS), including 74 kinds of sugars. The proportion of total sugars is highest from 37.24–77.24% among all taste compounds. In particular, rare sugars were detected and identified as the special compounds in soy sauce which come from the sugar metabolism. Rare sugars identified in soy sauce by traditional fermented technology were prominent than Japanese technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) investigation of these results showed that samples can be distinguished by sugars as the first principal component and the general evaluation index (GEI) of samples was consistent with the result of sensory evaluation. Meanwhile, sweetness had the maximum range (from −9.89 to 14.10) in all taste indexes by electronic tongue (E‐tongue) analysis.
Immunogenetics in stem cell donor registry work: The DKMS example (Part 1)
Authors: Schmidt Alexander H. , Sauter Jürgen , Baier Daniel M. , Daiss Jessica , Keller Andreas , Klussmeier Anja , Mengling Thilo , Rall Gabi , Riethmüller Tobias , Schöfl Gerhard , Solloch Ute V. , Torosian Tigran , Means David , Kelly Helen , Jagannathan Latha , Paul Patrick , Giani Anette S. , Hildebrand Sabine , Schumacher Stephan , Markert Jan , Füssel Monika , Hofmann Jan A. , Schäfer Thomas , Pingel Julia , Lange Vinzenz , Schetelig Johannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrently, stem cell donor registries include more than 35 million potential donors worldwide to provide HLA‐matched stem cell products for patients in need of an unrelated donor transplant. DKMS is a leading stem cell donor registry with more than 9 million donors from Germany, Poland, the United States, the United Kingdom, India and Chile. DKMS donors have donated hematopoietic stem cells more than 80,000 times. Many aspects of donor registry work are closely related to topics from immunogenetics or population genetics. In this two‐part review article, we describe, analyse and discuss these areas of donor registry work by using the example of DKMS. Part 1 of the review gives a general overview on DKMS and includes typical donor registry activities with special focus on the HLA system: high‐throughput HLA typing of potential stem cell donors, HLA haplotype frequencies and resulting matching probabilities, and donor file optimization with regard to HLA diversity.
Nursing interventions for adults following a mental health crisis: A systematic review guided by trauma‐informed principles
Authors: Nizum Nafsin , Yoon Rosanra , Ferreira‐Legere Laura , Poole Nancy , Lulat Zainab 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere exists a growing need for health and service providers to respond to persons in a manner that recognizes the prevalence and impact of trauma in individuals and prevent inadvertent re‐traumatization in the routine process of care. The experience of mental health crisis in of itself can have traumatic and impactful effects on individuals. Trauma‐informed approaches to care offer a framework to provide crisis intervention responses that are based on the acknowledgement of the prevalence and impact of trauma and define trauma not by the event per se, but by the impact of an experience of trauma. The integration of trauma‐informed principles in the context of crisis intervention is a current practice gap. In order to inform a portion of a best‐practice guideline for registered nurses and the interprofessional team, a systematic literature review was conducted to primarily identify nursing interventions within four weeks of a mental health crisis, with a secondary focus on identifying particular interventions that included trauma‐informed principles. The systematic review yielded 21 quantitative and qualitative studies related to nursing interventions for mental health crisis, 10 of which referred to one or more principles of trauma‐informed approaches. There was a lack of studies on nursing interventions explicitly linked to implementation of trauma‐informed principles, highlighting future research needs and focused efforts to integrate trauma‐informed principles into crisis intervention practices.
School Climate as an Intervention to Reduce Academic Failure and Educate the Whole Child: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Daily Shay M. , Mann Michael J. , Lilly Christa L. , Dyer Angela M. , Smith Megan L. , Kristjansson Alfgeir L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPreventing student academic failure is crucial to student health and life success. Previous studies suggest a positive school climate may reduce students' risk for academic failure and contribute to academic success. The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal associations between school climate and academic grades in a group of middle school students who transition into high school.METHODSParallel latent growth curve modeling was used to examine changes among study variables longitudinally using a sample of 2604 in 6th, 7th, and 8th‐grade students across 16 regional schools located in 3 counties in West Virginia.RESULTSStudents with higher perceptions of a positive school climate exhibited sustained or improved academic achievement over time (β = 0.22 to 0.30, p < .01). Higher positive perceptions of school climate appear to sustain students who earn As/Bs (β = 0.20 to 0.27, p < .01) and strengthen students who earn Cs/Ds/Fs (β = −0.16 to −0.46, p < .05).CONCLUSIONSPositive student perceptions of school climate may sustain high academic performance while strengthening students who earn Cs/Ds/Fs. School climate may be useful as an intervention to support school‐based health promotion to reduce the achievement gap in the United States.
Chronic hepatitis B and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Conspirators or competitors?
Authors: Zhang Jianbin , Lin Shuangzhe , Jiang Daixi , Li Mengting , Chen Yuanwen , Li Jun , Fan Jiangao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the widespread use of vaccines and antiviral drugs, approximately 350‐400 million patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain worldwide, who carry high risk of cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. Moreover, owing to improvements in global living standards and lifestyle changes, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease. Coexistence of NAFLD and CHB is commonly observed, especially in Asian CHB populations; however, little is known regarding the relationship between these two diseases as comorbidities. In this review, we summarize recent advances in clinical and basic researches related to the underlying mutual interactions, as well as potential animal models to facilitate further investigation.
Heritability of interpack aggression in a wild pedigreed population of North American grey wolves
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett M. , DeCandia Alexandra L. , Heppenheimer Elizabeth , Janowitz‐Koch Ilana , Shi Ruoyao , Zhou Hua , German Christopher A. , Brzeski Kristin E. , Cassidy Kira A. , Stahler Daniel R. , Sinsheimer Janet S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAggression is a quantitative trait deeply entwined with individual fitness. Mapping the genomic architecture underlying such traits is complicated by complex inheritance patterns, social structure, pedigree information and gene pleiotropy. Here, we leveraged the pedigree of a reintroduced population of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, to examine the heritability of and the genetic variation associated with aggression. Since their reintroduction, many ecological and behavioural aspects have been documented, providing unmatched records of aggressive behaviour across multiple generations of a wild population of wolves. Using a linear mixed model, a robust genetic relationship matrix, 12,288 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 111 wolves, we estimated the SNP‐based heritability of aggression to be 37% and an additional 14% of the phenotypic variation explained by shared environmental exposures. We identified 598 SNP genotypes from 425 grey wolves to resolve a consensus pedigree that was included in a heritability analysis of 141 individuals with SNP genotype, metadata and aggression data. The pedigree‐based heritability estimate for aggression is 14%, and an additional 16% of the phenotypic variation was explained by shared environmental exposures. We find strong effects of breeding status and relative pack size on aggression. Through an integrative approach, these results provide a framework for understanding the genetic architecture of a complex trait that influences individual fitness, with linkages to reproduction, in a social carnivore. Along with a few other studies, we show here the incredible utility of a pedigreed natural population for dissecting a complex, fitness‐related behavioural trait.
Estimating dynamic origin–destination demand: A hybrid framework using license plate recognition data
Authors: Mo Baichuan , Li Ruimin , Dai Jingchen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a hybrid framework for estimating dynamic origin–destination (OD) demand that fully exploits the information available in license plate recognition (LPR) data. A Bayesian path reconstruction model is initially developed to replenish the lost information resulting from the recognition error and insufficient coverage rate of the LPR system. The link flows, initial OD demand, left‐turning flows, and partial path flows are derived based on the reconstructed data. Subsequently, with the information derived, a two‐step ordinary least squares (OLS) OD estimation model is formulated, which incorporates the output from the Bayesian model and coestimates the OD demand and assignment matrix. The proposed framework is qualitatively validated using the real‐world LPR data collected from Langfang City, Hebei Province, China, and is quantitatively validated using the synthesized simulation data for the simplified road network of Langfang. The results show that the proposed model can estimate OD demand distribution with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of about 30%. We also tested the model with different LPR coverage rates, with results showing that an LPR coverage rate of over 50% is required to obtain reasonable results.
The persuasiveness puzzle about bootstrapping
Authors: Melchior Guido 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper aims at resolving a puzzle about the persuasiveness of bootstrapping. On the one hand, bootstrapping is not a persuasive method of settling questions about the reliability of a source. On the other hand, our beliefs that our sense apparatus is reliable is based on other empirically formed beliefs, that is, they are acquired via a presumably complex bootstrapping process. I will argue that when we doubt the reliability of a source, bootstrapping is not a persuasive method for coming to believe that the source is reliable. However, when being initially unaware of a source and its reliability, as in the case of forming beliefs about our sense apparatus, bootstrapping can be eventually persuasive.
Transient Study of the Cooling Process of a Small Cabinet
Authors: Arturo Alfaro-Ayala J. , Ramírez-Minguela J. J. , Gallegos-Muñoz A. , Hernández-Fusilier D. , Belman-Flores J. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A transient study of the cooling process inside a cabinet is presented in this work. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to obtain the transient temperature of the air inside a small cabinet. Three cooling levels, named Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, were studied under different lapses of time and operational conditions. The temperature of the evaporator plate and the temperature of the room change with time through the implementation of user-defined functions (UDFs). The buoyancy effects that occur inside the cabinet (natural convection) were modeled using the approximation of all the properties fitted to temperature polynomials (PFTP). The transient temperature of the air inside the cabinet was obtained, until the second ON/OFF stage is reached, for the three cases studied. The prediction of the transient temperature of the air inside the small cabinet was validated with experimental data. The average relative errors of the transient temperatures of the air inside the cabinet were 0.49%, 0.19%, and 0.13% for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. The behavior of the temperature and velocity distributions of the air inside the cabinet for the ON and OFF stages is obtained. Finally, a better range of the temperature for the preservation of food, medicines, and biological matter is obtained with an increase in the thickness of the insulation material. An increment of 14.9% of the removed energy was obtained inside the cabinet with 12 cm of the insulation material, and this increment is related to the case with no insulation material. The results of this work could help in improving the design and performance of the cabinets in further works.