bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong-field induced optical anisotropy in semiconductors with cubic structure: theory
Authors: Kussow Adil-Gerai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A mechanism pertaining to an anomalous optical anisotropy under a strong field in semiconductors having cubic structure is proposed. The valence-conduction band transitions of valence electrons located around atomic bonds re-distribute electrons between bands and, consequently, produce symmetry defects in local electronic density. The optical anisotropy is due to these symmetry defects, which are the sources for localized and non-compensated dipole moments randomly distributed within the crystal. The quantum time-dependent probability amplitude method, combined with classical electrodynamics, demonstrate that the non-compensated dipole moments destroy the optical isotropy of a crystal. To compare the scheme with an experiment, the theory is applied to

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single crystal. Within a strong-field IR regime, the predicted four-fold symmetry of optical anisotropy, along with its amplitude, correlate well with an experiment.
Weakly deformed optical microdisks: A third-order perturbation theory for transverse-magnetic modes
Authors: Kullig Julius , Wiersig Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the past years weakly deformed optical microdisks have become a focus for fundamental and applied research with lots of interesting new findings. A commonly used method to study such cavities is a perturbation theory based on weak boundary deformations (Dubertrand et al 2008 Phys. Rev. A 77, 013 804). In this paper we extent the perturbation theory to the third order which allows us to improve its accuracy significantly. We discuss various example systems in regard of Q-spoiling, frequency splitting, and far-field emission pattern. The results from the perturbation theory are in a very good agreement to full numerical simulations.
Serum Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Infants With Bronchiolitis: Associations With Acute Severity and Recurrent Wheeze
Authors: Patregnani Jason T , Fujiogi Michimasa , Camargo Carlos A , Brooks Bonnie A , Hoptay Claire E , Mansbach Jonathan M , Teach Stephen J , Freishtat Robert J , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Although bronchiolitis contributes to substantial acute (eg, intensive care use) and chronic (eg, recurrent wheeze) morbidities in young children, the pathobiology remains uncertain. We examined the associations of serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) with acute and chronic morbidities of bronchiolitis including recurrent wheeze.

Methods
A multicenter, multiyear, cohort study of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis was analyzed. We measured the serum sRAGE level at hospitalization and its association with intensive care use (use of mechanical ventilation and/or admission to the intensive care unit) and development of recurrent wheeze by age 3 years. We performed causal mediation analysis to estimate indirect (mediation) and direct effects of sRAGE on recurrent wheeze.

Results
In 886 infants with bronchiolitis, the median age was 2.9 months. Overall, 15% underwent intensive care and 32% developed recurrent wheeze. In multivariable modeling adjusting for 11 confounders, a higher presenting sRAGE level was associated with lower risk of intensive care (odds ratio for each 1-log increment, 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], .16 -.91; P = .03) and significantly lower rate of recurrent wheeze (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, .36 -.94; P = .03). In mediation analysis, the direct effect was significant (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, .37 -.97; P = .04), while the indirect effect was not (P = .30).

Conclusions
Serum sRAGE levels were inversely associated with acute and chronic morbidities of bronchiolitis. The effect of sRAGE on development of recurrent wheeze is potentially driven through pathways other than acute severity of bronchiolitis.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with pancreatitis: report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Sandino-Pérez Justo , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Morales Enrique , Aubert-Girbal Lucia , Delgado-Lillo Ramón , Praga Manuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute pancreatitis ranges from 15% to 40% and is associated with poor prognosis. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in the setting of acute pancreatitis is an uncommon association with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature.

Methods
A retrospective review of the clinical records at our institution between January 1981 and December 2019 was carried out to identify patients with acute pancreatitis and HUS. Additionally, a literature review was conducted on this topic. The aims of the study were to describe the clinical course and outcomes of patients affected by this condition.

Results
Four cases of HUS following an acute pancreatitis were identified. The mean (±SD) age of the study group was 30 ± 6 years, all of which were males. Excessive alcohol consumption was the main cause of acute pancreatitis in all four patients. HUS with progressive AKI developed in a median interval of 2 days from the onset of pancreatitis (range 1–3 days). All patients required kidney replacement therapy during the course of follow-up. A kidney biopsy was performed in two patients, showing typical thrombotic microangiopathic features. One case was treated with eculizumab, whereas the rest were treated with supportive care and/or plasma exchange. A normalization of haematological parameters and complete recovery of kidney function were observed in all patients at last follow-up, although this improvement was significantly faster in the patient treated with eculizumab.

Conclusions
HUS may infrequently develop in patients with acute pancreatitis. An early identification of this complication is mandatory, and complement blockade with eculizumab may be associated with a faster kidney function recovery.
Constructions of Race and Equity in a Suburban School: Teachers, School Social Workers, and Other School Staff as Nepantleras and Border Crossers
Authors: Villarreal Sosa Leticia , Martin Michelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSuburban schools, particularly those with majority white histories experiencing demographic shifts, are increasingly in need of addressing issues of racial equity. This qualitative study, using the extended case method, examined one suburban school district’s efforts to promote racial equity and focused particularly on how professional development was experienced by school personnel and on the perceived outcomes. Data sources for this study included focus groups with teachers, pupil personnel services professionals, and other school staff and administrators as well as observational data from participation in district events and meetings. This study is grounded in Gloria Anzaldúa’s nepantlera framework, which conceptualizes the in-between space between two or more cultures and those who occupy that space as “border crossers,” and nepantleras as cultural navigators, bridge builders, and advocates. Noteworthy themes included perceptions of the district’s level of commitment to racial equity; common barriers to facilitating racial equity training, such as white racial prejudice, resistance, and defensiveness; and the challenge of navigating self- and student social identities for teachers and staff of color. Implications for equity work in schools and the role of school social workers training are discussed.
UV upturn versus UV weak galaxies: differences and similarities of their stellar populations unveiled by a de-biased sample
Authors: Dantas M L L , Coelho P R T , Sánchez-Blázquez P 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The ultraviolet (UV) upturn is characterized by an unexpected up-rise of the UV flux in quiescent galaxies between the Lyman limit and 2500 Å. By making use of colour–colour diagrams, one can subdivide UV bright red-sequence galaxies in two groups: UV weak and upturn. With these two groups, we propose a comparison between their stellar population properties with the goal of establishing differences and similarities between them. We make use of propensity score matching to mitigate potential biases between the two samples, by selecting similar objects in terms of redshift and stellar mass. Also, we take advantage of spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting results from magphys made available by the GAMA collaboration. The analyses are made by comparing the distributions from the SED fitting directly, as well as investigating the differences in correlations between their parameters, and finally by using principal component analysis. We explore important differences and similarities between UV weak and upturn galaxies in terms of several parameters, such as: metallicity, age, specific star formation rate, time of last burst of star-formation, to mention a few. Notable differences are those concerning (g − r) colour, metallicity, and time since last burst of star-formation: UV upturn are redder in the optical, more metallic, and their last burst of star-formation happened earlier in time. These differences suggest that UV upturn systems have shorter star-formation histories (i.e. have been evolving more passively) when compared to UV weak galaxies. Consequently, these last seem to have a higher diversity of stellar populations.
The effects of peculiar velocities in SN Ia environments on the local H0 measurement
Authors: Sedgwick Thomas M , Collins Chris A , Baldry Ivan K , James Philip A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The discrepancy between estimates of the Hubble constant (H0) measured from local (z ≲ 0.1) scales and from scales of the sound horizon is a crucial problem in modern cosmology. Peculiar velocities (vpec) of standard candle distance indicators can systematically affect local H0 measurements. We here use 2MRS galaxies to measure the local galaxy density field, finding a notable z &lt; 0.05 underdensity in the SGC-6dFGS region of 27 ± 2 per cent. However, no strong evidence for a ‘Local Void’ pertaining to the full 2MRS sky coverage is found. Galaxy densities are used to measure a density parameter, Δϕ+−, which we introduce as a proxy for vpec that quantifies density gradients along a supernova (SN) line of sight. Δϕ+− is found to correlate with local H0 estimates from 88 Pantheon Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia; 0.02 &lt; z &lt; 0.05). Density structures on scales of ∼50 Mpc are found to correlate strongest with H0 estimates in both the observational data and in mock data from the MDPL2-Galacticus simulation. Using trends of H0 with Δϕ+−, we can correct for the effects of density structure on local H0 estimates, even in the presence of biased vpec. However, the difference in the inferred H0 estimate with and without the peculiar velocity correction is limited to &lt; 0.1 per cent. We conclude that accounting for environmentally induced peculiar velocities of SN Ia host galaxies does not resolve the tension between local and CMB-derived H0 estimates.
The Milky Way’s bar structural properties from gravitational waves
Authors: Wilhelm Martijn J C , Korol Valeriya , Rossi Elena M , D’Onghia Elena 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will enable Galactic gravitational wave (GW) astronomy by individually resolving &gt;104 signals from double white dwarf (DWD) binaries throughout the Milky Way. Since GWs are unaffected by stellar crowding and dust extinction unlike optical observations of the Galactic plane, in this work, we assess for the first time the potential of LISA to map the Galactic stellar bar and spiral arms. To achieve this goal, we combine a realistic population of Galactic DWDs with a high-resolution N-body Galactic simulation in good agreement with current observations of the Milky Way. We then model GW signals from our synthetic DWD population and reconstruct the structure of the simulated Galaxy from mock LISA observations. Our results show that while the low-density contrast between the background disc and the spiral arms hampers our ability to characterize the spiral structure, the stellar bar will clearly appear in the GW map of the bulge. The axial ratio derived from the synthetic observations agrees within 1σ with the reference value, although the scale lengths are underestimated. We also recover the bar viewing angle to within 1° and the bar’s physical length to within 0.2 kpc. This shows that LISA can provide independent constraints on the bar’s structural parameter, competitive compared to those from electromagnetic tracers. We therefore foresee that synergistic use of GWs and electromagnetic tracers will be a powerful strategy to map the Milky Way’s bar and bulge.
Evolution of Hominin Detoxification: Neanderthal and Modern Human Ah Receptor Respond Similarly to TCDD
Authors: Aarts Jac M M J G , Alink Gerrit M , Franssen Henk J , Roebroeks Wil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In studies of hominin adaptations to fire use, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the evolution of detoxification has been highlighted, including statements that the modern human AHR confers a significantly better capacity to deal with toxic smoke components than the Neanderthal AHR. To evaluate this, we compared the AHR-controlled induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA in HeLa human cervix epithelial adenocarcinoma cells transfected with an Altai-Neanderthal or a modern human reference AHR expression construct, and exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We compared the complete AHR mRNA sequences including the untranslated regions (UTRs), maintaining the original codon usage. We observe no significant difference in CYP1A1 induction by TCDD between Neanderthal and modern human AHR, whereas a 150–1,000 times difference was previously reported in a study of the AHR coding region optimized for mammalian codon usage and expressed in rat cells. Our study exemplifies that expression in a homologous cellular background is of major importance to determine (ancient) protein activity. The Neanderthal and modern human dose–response curves almost coincide, except for a slightly higher extrapolated maximum for the Neanderthal AHR, possibly caused by a 5′-UTR G-variant known from modern humans (rs7796976). Our results are strongly at odds with a major role of the modern human AHR in the evolution of hominin detoxification of smoke components and consistent with our previous study based on 18 relevant genes in addition to AHR, which concluded that efficient detoxification alleles are more dominant in ancient hominins, chimpanzees, and gorillas than in modern humans.
Cognitive impact of lower-grade gliomas and strategies for rehabilitation
Authors: Weyer-Jamora Christina , Brie Melissa S , Luks Tracy L , Smith Ellen M , Braunstein Steve E , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Bracci Paige M , Chang Susan , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Taylor Jennie W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Outcomes for patients with lower-grade gliomas (LrGGs) continue to improve with advances in molecular characterization and treatment. However, cognitive sequela from the tumor and its treatment leave a significant impact on health-related quality of life for these patients. Several factors affect each patient’s cognition, such as tumor location, treatment, medication, and comorbidities. However, impairments of processing speed, attention, concentration, working memory, and executive function are common across LrGG patients. Cognitive rehabilitation strategies, well established in traumatic brain injury and stroke populations, are based on neural plasticity and functional reorganization. Adapting these strategies for implementation in patients with brain tumors is an active area of research. This article provides an overview of cognitive domains commonly impaired in LrGG patients and evidence for the use of cognitive rehabilitation strategies to address these impairments with the goal of improving health-related quality of life in this patient population.
Gender differences in self-perceived changes among Japanese workers with depression
Authors: Niki A , Deguchi Y , Iwasaki S , Mitake T , Okuda Y , Sakaguchi A , Hirota T , Shirahama Y , Nakamichi Y , Inoue K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe number of patients living with depression continues to increase in Japan. The economic effects of depression include loss of productivity due to both absenteeism and presenteeism. Gender differences have been reported in prevalence, onset pathways and subjective symptoms of depression.AimsTo understand how workers with major depressive disorder (MDD) perceive problems in the workplace and examine gender differences in their self-perceived levels of functioning at work, noticed during the initial stages of depression.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of Japanese workers with MDD. Participants’ self-perceived changes in the level of functioning at work were surveyed after the diagnosis during the first visit. The relationship between gender and changes in the level of functioning at work as initially perceived by the participants themselves was analysed using the chi-square test, supplemented by a residual analysis.ResultsWe administered the survey to 147 workers with MDD. In terms of gender differences in initial self-perceived changes in the level of functioning at work, the proportion of men reporting reduced work efficiency was significantly higher than that of women, while the proportion of women reporting deterioration in relationships with colleagues and superiors was significantly higher than that of men.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that greater attention to reduced work efficiency by men and to deterioration in work relationships by women with MDD should be essential components of self-care. Managers need to pay attention to the level of functioning and provide adequate social support for employees.
Pulmonary manifestations and outcomes in paediatric ANCA–associated vasculitis: a single-centre experience
Authors: Sayad Edouard , Vogel Tiphanie P , Guillerman R Paul , Spielberg David , McNeill David Moreno , De Guzman Marietta , Orman Gunes , Silva-Carmona Manuel  
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) usually involves the renal and respiratory systems, but the paediatric literature on pulmonary manifestations and outcomes is limited. We aimed to describe pulmonary manifestations and outcomes after therapy in a cohort of paediatric AAV (pAAV) patients.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all patients &lt;19 years presenting to our institution with AAV between 1/2008 and 2/2018 was conducted. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, therapy and pulmonary outcomes over the first 3 years after presentation were evaluated.

Results
A total of 38 patients were included; all had ANCA positivity by immunofluorescence. A total of 23 had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 13 had granulomatosis with polyangiitis and 2 had eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. A total of 30 (79%) had pulmonary manifestations, with cough (73%) and pulmonary haemorrhage (67%) being the most common. Abnormalities were noted in 82% of chest CT scans reviewed, with nodules and ground-glass opacities being the most common. At 6, 12 and 36 months follow-up, respectively, 61.8%, 39.4% and 29% of patients continued to show pulmonary manifestations. Five MPA patients with re-haemorrhage are described in detail.

Conclusion
MPA was more common than granulomatosis with polyangiitis, with pulmonary involvement being common in both. MPA patients had more severe pulmonary manifestations. Chest CT revealed abnormal findings in a majority of cases. A subgroup of young MPA patients experienced repeat pulmonary haemorrhage. Treatment modality and response were comparable in different subtypes of AAV, except for this young MPA group. Additional prospective studies are needed to better understand the different phenotypes of pAAV.
Risk Factors of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Analysis of Data From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry
Authors: Cho Sung-Min , Canner Joe , Caturegli Giorgio , Choi Chun Woo , Etchill Eric , Giuliano Katherine , Chiarini Giovanni , Calligy Kate , Rycus Peter , Lorusso Roberto , Kim Bo Soo , Sussman Marc , Suarez Jose I. , Geocadin Romergryko , Bush Errol L. , Ziai Wendy , Whitman Glenn 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Stroke is commonly reported in patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but risk factors are not well described. We sought to determine preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation and on-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation risk factors for both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in patients with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

DESIGN:
Retrospective analysis.

SETTING:
Data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization by 366 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers from 2013 to 2019.

PATIENTS:
Patients older than 18 years supported with a single run of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of 15,872 venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients, 812 (5.1%) had at least one type of acute brain injury, defined as ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, or brain death. Overall, 215 (1.4%) experienced ischemic stroke and 484 (3.1%) experienced hemorrhagic stroke. Overall inhospital mortality was 36%, but rates were higher in those with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke (68% and 73%, respectively). In multivariable analysis, preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation pH (adjusted odds ratio = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03–0.35; p < 0.001), hemolysis (adjusted odds ratio = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.22–4.24; p = 0.010), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01; 95% CI 1.12–3.59; p = 0.019), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.61; 95% CI, 1.51–8.66; p = 0.004) were independently associated with ischemic stroke. Pre-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation pH (adjusted odds ratio = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12–0.65; p = 0.003), preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation Po
2 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.99; p = 0.021), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.15–2.51; p = 0.008), and renal replacement therapy (adjusted odds ratio=1.57; 95% CI, 1.22–2.02; p < 0.001) were independently associated with hemorrhagic stroke.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry, approximately 5% had acute brain injury. Mortality rates increased two-fold when ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes occurred. Risk factors such as lower pH and hypoxemia during the pericannulation period and markers of coagulation disturbances were associated with acute brain injury. Further research on understanding preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation and on-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation risk factors and the timing of acute brain injury is necessary to develop appropriate prevention and management strategies.