bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synchronization between the Zonal Jet Stream and Temperature Anomalies Leads to an Extremely Freezing North America in January 2019
Authors: Xu Fen , Liang X. San 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn late January 2019, a severe cold air outbreak brought the lowest temperatures in over 20 years to Midwestern United States and Eastern Canada. With a newly developed functional analysis tool, namely, multiscale window transform, and the multiscale window transform‐based theory of canonical transfer, it is found, based on the data from National Center for Environmental Prediction, that the cold surge, though initialized by the southward migration of the Arctic air mass, is mainly caused by a synchronization between perturbation temperature and perturbation winds, which leads to a very strong baroclinic instability and hence an explosive growth of available potential energy on the cold surge scale window. The cold event is actually a part of a localized stationary wave train, sandwiched between two warming centers, over western North America and over Atlantic. The synchronization can serve as a precursor for this extremely severe cold surge.
Receptor-binding domain-specific human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Yu Fei , Xiang Rong , Deng Xiaoqian , Wang Lili , Yu Zhengsen , Tian Shijun , Liang Ruiying , Li Yanbai , Ying Tianlei , Jiang Shibo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, have posed severe threats to global public health and the economy. Treatment and prevention of these viral diseases call for the research and development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NMAbs). Scientists have screened neutralizing antibodies using the virus receptor-binding domain (RBD) as an antigen, indicating that RBD contains multiple conformational neutralizing epitopes, which are the main structural domains for inducing neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses. This review summarizes the structure and function of RBD and RBD-specific NMAbs against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 currently under development.
CB11, a novel purine-based PPARɣ ligand, overcomes radio-resistance by regulating ATM signalling and EMT in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Kim Tae Woo , Hong Da-Won , Park Joung Whan , Hong Sung Hee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists frequently induce cell death in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, majority of NSCLC patients acquire resistance after cancer therapy, and it is still unclear.

Methods
In this study we investigated the apoptotic mechanism and the anti-cancer effects of a novel purine-based PPARγ agonist, CB11 (8-(2-aminophenyl)-3-butyl-1,6,7-trimethyl-1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione), on human NSCLC cells. CB11 mediates PPARγ-dependent cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, cell cycle arrest, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity, and caspase-3 activity in human NSCLC cells.

Results
CB11 causes cell death via ROS-mediated ATM-p53-GADD45α signalling in human NSCLC cells, and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, decreases cell death by inhibiting CB11-mediated ATM signalling. In a xenograft experiment, CB11 dramatically reduced tumour volume when compared to a control group. Furthermore, CB11 induced cell death by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) under radiation exposure in radiation-resistant human NSCLC cells. However, PPARγ deficiency inhibited cell death by blocking the ATM-p53 axis in radiation/CB11-induced radiation-resistant human NSCLC cells.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results suggest that CB11, a novel PPARγ agonist, may be a novel anti-cancer agent, and it could be useful in a therapeutic strategy to overcome radio-resistance in radiation-exposed NSCLC.
Structural snapshots of human DNA polymerase μ engaged on a DNA double-strand break
Authors: Kaminski Andrea M. , Pryor John M. , Ramsden Dale A. , Kunkel Thomas A. , Pedersen Lars C. , Bebenek Katarzyna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenomic integrity is threatened by cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which must be resolved efficiently to prevent sequence loss, chromosomal rearrangements/translocations, or cell death. Polymerase μ (Polμ) participates in DSB repair via the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, by filling small sequence gaps in broken ends to create substrates ultimately ligatable by DNA Ligase IV. Here we present structures of human Polμ engaging a DSB substrate. Synapsis is mediated solely by Polμ, facilitated by single-nucleotide homology at the break site, wherein both ends of the discontinuous template strand are stabilized by a hydrogen bonding network. The active site in the quaternary Pol μ complex is poised for catalysis and nucleotide incoporation proceeds in crystallo. These structures demonstrate that Polμ may address complementary DSB substrates during NHEJ in a manner indistinguishable from single-strand breaks.
Bimetallic nickel-molybdenum/tungsten nanoalloys for high-efficiency hydrogen oxidation catalysis in alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Duan Yu , Yu Zi-You , Yang Li , Zheng Li-Rong , Zhang Chu-Tian , Yang Xiao-Tu , Gao Fei-Yue , Zhang Xiao-Long , Yu Xingxing , Liu Ren , Ding Hong-He , Gu Chao , Zheng Xu-Sheng , Shi Lei , Jiang Jun , Zhu Jun-Fa , Gao Min-Rui , Yu Shu-Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells offer possibility of adopting platinum-group-metal-free catalysts to negotiate sluggish oxygen reduction reaction. Unfortunately, the ultrafast hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) on platinum decreases at least two orders of magnitude by switching the electrolytes from acid to base, causing high platinum-group-metal loadings. Here we show that a nickel-molybdenum nanoalloy with tetragonal MoNi4 phase can catalyze the HOR efficiently in alkaline electrolytes. The catalyst exhibits a high apparent exchange current density of 3.41 milliamperes per square centimeter and operates very stable, which is 1.4 times higher than that of state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. With this catalyst, we further demonstrate the capability to tolerate carbon monoxide poisoning. Marked HOR activity was also observed on similarly designed WNi4 catalyst. We attribute this remarkable HOR reactivity to an alloy effect that enables optimum adsorption of hydrogen on nickel and hydroxyl on molybdenum (tungsten), which synergistically promotes the Volmer reaction.
Resequencing of 1,143 indica rice accessions reveals important genetic variations and different heterosis patterns
Authors: Lv Qiming , Li Weiguo , Sun Zhizhong , Ouyang Ning , Jing Xin , He Qiang , Wu Jun , Zheng Jiakui , Zheng Jiatuan , Tang Shaoqing , Zhu Renshan , Tian Yan , Duan Meijuan , Tan Yanning , Yu Dong , Sheng Xiabing , Sun Xuewu , Jia Gaofeng , Gao Hongzhen , Zeng Qin , Li Yufei , Tang Li , Xu Qiusheng , Zhao Bingran , Huang Zhiyuan , Lu Hongfeng , Li Na , Zhao Jian , Zhu Lihuang , Li Dong , Yuan Longping , Yuan Dingyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObtaining genetic variation information fromindicarice hybrid parents and identification of loci associated with heterosis are important for hybrid rice breeding. Here, we resequence 1,143indicaaccessions mostly selected from the parents of superior hybrid rice cultivars of China, identify genetic variations, and perform kinship analysis. We find different hybrid rice crossing patterns between 3- and 2-line superior hybrid lines. By calculating frequencies of parental variation differences (FPVDs), a more direct approach for studying rice heterosis, we identify loci that are linked to heterosis, which include 98 in superior 3-line hybrids and 36 in superior 2-line hybrids. As a proof of concept, we find two accessions harboring a deletion inOsNramp5, a previously reported gene functioning in cadmium absorption, which can be used to mitigate rice grain cadmium levels through hybrid breeding. Resource ofindicarice genetic variation reported in this study will be valuable to geneticists and breeders.
A database of chlorophyll and water chemistry in freshwater lakes
Authors: Filazzola Alessandro , Mahdiyan Octavia , Shuvo Arnab , Ewins Carolyn , Moslenko Luke , Sadid Tanzil , Blagrave Kevin , Imrit Mohammad Arshad , Gray Derek K. , Quinlan Roberto , O’Reilly Catherine M. , Sharma Sapna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasures of chlorophyll represent the algal biomass in freshwater lakes that is often used by managers as a proxy for water quality and lake productivity. However, chlorophyll concentrations in lakes are dependent on many interacting factors, including nutrient inputs, mixing regime, lake depth, climate, and anthropogenic activities within the watershed. Therefore, integrating a broad scale dataset of lake physical, chemical, and biological characteristics can help elucidate the response of freshwater ecosystems to global change. We synthesized a database of measured chlorophyll a (chla) values, associated water chemistry variables, and lake morphometric characteristics for 11,959 freshwater lakes distributed across 72 countries. Data were collected based on a systematic review examining 3322 published manuscripts that measured lake chla, and we supplemented these data with online repositories such as The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity, Dryad, and Pangaea. This publicly available database can be used to improve our understanding of how chlorophyll levels respond to global environmental change and provide baseline comparisons for environmental managers responsible for maintaining water quality in lakes.
Sharing and caring: Testosterone, fathering, and generosity among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Lew-Levy Sheina , Sarma Mallika S. , Miegakanda Valchy , Boyette Adam H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHumans are rare among mammals in exhibiting paternal care and the capacity for broad hyper-cooperation, which were likely critical to the evolutionary emergence of human life history. In humans and other species, testosterone is often a mediator of life history trade-offs between mating/competition and parenting. There is also evidence that lower testosterone men may often engage in greater prosocial behavior compared to higher testosterone men. Given the evolutionary importance of paternal care and heightened cooperation to human life history, human fathers’ testosterone may be linked to these two behavioral domains, but they have not been studied together. We conducted research among highly egalitarian Congolese BaYaka foragers and compared them with their more hierarchical Bondongo fisher-farmer neighbors. Testing whether BaYaka men’s testosterone was linked to locally-valued fathering roles, we found that fathers who were seen as better community sharers had lower testosterone than less generous men. BaYaka fathers who were better providers also tended to have lower testosterone. In both BaYaka and Bondongo communities, men in marriages with greater conflict had higher testosterone. The current findings from BaYaka fathers point to testosterone as a psychobiological correlate of cooperative behavior under ecological conditions with evolutionarily-relevant features in which mutual aid and sharing of resources help ensure survival and community health.
A neurobehavioral study on the efficacy of price interventions in promoting healthy food choices among low socioeconomic families
Authors: Banerjee Tannista , Chattaraman Veena , Zou Hao , Deshpande Gopikrishna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven the healthcare costs associated with obesity (especially in childhood), governments have tried several fiscal and policy interventions such as lowering tax and giving rebates to encourage parents to choose healthier food for their family. The efficacy of such fiscal policies is currently being debated. Here we address this issue by investigating how behavioral and brain-based responses in parents with low socioeconomic status change when rebates and lower taxes are offered on healthy food items. We performed behavioral and brain-based experiments, with the latter employing electroencephalography (EEG) acquired from parents while they shop in a simulated shopping market as well as follow up functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the more restricted scanner environment. Behavioral data show that lower tax and rebate on healthy foods increase their purchase significantly compared to baseline. Rebate has a higher effect than lower tax treatment. From the EEG and fMRI experiments, we first show that healthy/unhealthy foods elicit least/maximal reward response in the brain, respectively. Further, by offering lower tax or rebate on healthy food items, the reward signal for such items in the brain is significantly enhanced. Second, we demonstrate that rebate is more effective than lower tax in encouraging consumers to purchase healthy food items, driven in part, by higher reward-related response in the brain for rebate. Third, fiscal interventions decreased the amount of frontal cognitive control required to buy healthy foods despite their lower calorific value as compared to unhealthy foods. Finally, we propose that it is possible to titrate the amount of tax reductions and rebates on healthy food items so that they consistently become more preferable than unhealthy foods.
Mechanistic study of attenuation of monosodium glutamate mixed high lipid diet induced systemic damage in rats by Coccinia grandis
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Das Debasmita , Paul Rajarshi , Roy Sandipan , Das Ujjal , Saha Samrat , Dey Sanjit , Adhikary Arghya , Mukherjee Sandip , Maji Bithin Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the context of failure of treatment for non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-mediated systemic damages, recognition of novel and successful characteristic drug to combat these anomalous situations is earnestly required. The present study is aimed to evaluate protective value of ethanol extract of Coccinia grandis leaves (EECGL), naturally occurring medicinal plant, on NAFLD-mediated systemic damage induced by high lipid diet along with monosodium glutamate (HM)-fed rats. Our study uncovered that EECGL significantly ameliorates HM-induced hyperlipidemia, increased lipogenesis and metabolic disturbances (via up regulation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ), oxidative stress (via reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and regulating the redox-homeostasis) and inflammatory response (via regulating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors with concomitant down regulation of NF-kB, iNOS, TNF-α and up regulation of eNOS). Furthermore, EECGL significantly inhibited HM-induced increased population of cells in sub G0/G1 phase, decreased Bcl2 expression and thereby loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with over expression of Bax, p53, p21, activation of caspase 3 and 9 indicated the apoptosis and suppression of cell survival. It is perhaps the first comprehensive study with a mechanistic approach which provides a strong unique strategy for the management of HM-induced systemic damage with effective dose of EECGL.
Assessment of non-inferiority with meta-analysis: example of hypofractionated radiation therapy in breast and prostate cancer
Authors: Trone Jane-Chloé , Ollier Edouard , Chapelle Céline , Mismetti Patrick , Cucherat Michel , Magné Nicolas , Zuffrey Paul Jacques , Laporte Silvy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to propose a methodology for the assessment of non-inferiority with meta-analysis. Assessment of hypofractionated RT in prostate and breast cancers is used as an illustrative example. Non-inferiority assessment of an experimental treatment versus an active comparator should rely on two elements: (1) an estimation of experimental treatment’s effect versus the active comparator based on a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and (2) the value of an objective non-inferiority margin. This margin can be defined using the reported effect of active comparator and the percentage of the active comparator’s effect that is desired to be preserved. Non-inferiority can then be assessed by comparing the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of experimental treatment’s effect to the value of the objective non-inferiority margin. Application to hypofractionated RT in breast cancer showed that hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HWBI) appeared to be non-inferior to conventionally fractionated RT for local recurrence. This was not the case for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). Concerning overall survival, non-inferiority could not be claimed for either HWBI or APBI. For prostate cancer, the lack of demonstrated significant superiority of conventional RT versus no RT precluded any conclusion regarding non-inferiority of hypofractionated RT.
A high throughput screening system for studying the effects of applied mechanical forces on reprogramming factor expression
Authors: Lee Jason , Armenta Ochoa Miguel , Maceda Pablo , Yoon Eun , Samarneh Lara , Wong Mitchell , Baker Aaron B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMechanical forces are important in the regulation of physiological homeostasis and the development of disease. The application of mechanical forces to cultured cells is often performed using specialized systems that lack the flexibility and throughput of other biological techniques. In this study, we developed a high throughput platform for applying complex dynamic mechanical forces to cultured cells. We validated the system for its ability to accurately apply parallel mechanical stretch in a 96 well plate format in 576 well simultaneously. Using this system, we screened for optimized conditions to stimulate increases in Oct-4 and other transcription factor expression in mouse fibroblasts. Using high throughput mechanobiological screening assays, we identified small molecules that can synergistically enhance the increase in reprograming-related gene expression in mouse fibroblasts when combined with mechanical loading. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a new powerful tool for investigating the mechanobiological mechanisms of disease and performing drug screening in the presence of applied mechanical load.
Identification and validation of novel and more effective choline kinase inhibitors against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Zimmerman Tahl , Chasten Valerie , Lacal Juan Carlos , Ibrahim Salam A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae choline kinase (sChoK) has previously been proposed as a drug target, yet the effectiveness of the first and only known inhibitor of sChoK, HC-3, is in the millimolar range. The aim of this study was thus to further validate sChoK as a potential therapeutic target by discovering more powerful sChoK inhibitors. LDH/PK and colorimetric enzymatic assays revealed two promising sChoK inhibitor leads RSM-932A and MN58b that were discovered with IC50 of 0.5 and 150 μM, respectively, and were shown to be 2–4 magnitudes more potent than the previously discovered inhibitor HC-3. Culture assays showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of RSM-932A and MN58b for S. pneumoniae was 0.4 μM and 10 μM, respectively, and the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was 1.6 μM and 20 μM, respectively. Western blot monitoring of teichoic acid production revealed differential patterns in response to each inhibitor. In addition, both inhibitors possessed a bacteriostatic mechanism of action, and neither interfered with the autolytic effects of vancomycin. Cells treated with MN58b but not RSM-932A were more sensitive to a phosphate induced autolysis with respect to the untreated cells. SEM studies revealed that MN58b distorted the cell wall, a result consistent with the apparent teichoic acid changes. Two novel and more highly potent putative inhibitors of sChoK, MN58b and RSM-932A, were characterized in this study. However, the effects of sChoK inhibitors can vary at the cellular level. sChoK inhibition is a promising avenue to follow in the development of therapeutics for treatment of S. pneumoniae.
Hyperactive and impulsive behaviors of LMTK1 knockout mice
Authors: Takahashi Miyuki , Sugiyama Arika , Wei Ran , Kobayashi Shizuka , Fukuda Kimiko , Nishino Hironori , Takahashi Roka , Tsutsumi Koji , Kita Ichiro , Ando Kanae , Manabe Toshiya , Kamiguchi Hiroyuki , Tomomura Mineko , Hisanaga Shin-ichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLemur tail kinase 1 (LMTK1), previously called Apoptosis-Associated Tyrosine Kinase (AATYK), remains an uncharacterized Ser/Thr protein kinase that is predominantly expressed in the brain. It is recently reported that LMTK1A, an isoform of LMTK1, binds to recycling endosomes through its palmitoylation and regulates endosomal trafficking by suppressing the activity of Rab11 small GTPase. In neurons, knockdown or knockout of LMTK1 results in longer axons, greater branching of dendrites and increased number of spines, suggesting that LMTK1 plays a role in neuronal circuit formation. However, its in vivo function remained to be investigated. Here, we examined the brain structures and behaviors of LMTK1 knockout (KO) mice. LMTK1 was expressed in most neurons throughout the brain. The overall brain structure appeared to be normal in LMTK1 KO mice, but the numbers of synapses were increased. LMTK1 KO mice had a slight impairment in memory formation and exhibited distinct psychiatric behaviors such as hyperactivity, impulsiveness and high motor coordination without social interaction deficits. Some of these abnormal behaviors represent core features of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), suggesting the possible involvement of LMTK1 in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
Calcaneus height is a key morphological factor of sprint performance in sprinters
Authors: Suga Tadashi , Terada Msafumi , Tanaka Takahiro , Miyake Yuto , Ueno Hiromasa , Otsuka Mitsuo , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between the foot bone morphologies and sprint performance in sprinters. Foot images in 56 male sprinters obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative lengths of the forefoot bones of the big and second toes, which were calculated as total lengths of the forefoot bones for each toe normalized to the foot length, correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time (r =  − 0.293 and − 0.459, both Ps < 0.05). The relative lengths of the rearfoot talus and calcaneus normalized to the foot length also correlated significantly with the sprint performance (r =  − 0.378 and − 0.496, both Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative height of the calcaneus, but not the talus, normalized to body height correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.690, P < 0.001). Additionally, the relative calcaneus height correlated significantly with the foot arch height index (r = 0.420, P = 0.001), and the foot arch height index correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.517, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the taller calcaneus may be a key morphological factor for achieving superior sprint performance, potentially via modeling the longer forefoot and rearfoot bones and functional foot morphology in sprinters.