bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices: Associations with chronic cigarette smoking, neurocognition, and decision making
Authors: Durazzo Timothy C. , Meyerhoff Dieter J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChronic cigarette smoking is associated with regional metabolite abnormalities in choline‐containing compounds, creatine‐containing compounds, glutamate, and N‐acetylaspartate. The effects of cigarette smoking on anterior frontal cortical gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration are unknown. This study compared chronic smokers (n = 33) and nonsmokers (n = 31) on anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) GABA+ (the sum of GABA and coedited macromolecules) concentrations and associations of GABA+ levels in these regions with seven neurocognitive domains of functioning, decision making, and impulsivity measures. Smokers had significantly lower right DLPFC GABA+ concentration than nonsmokers, but groups were equivalent on ACC GABA+ level. Across groups, greater number of days since end of menstrual cycle was related to higher GABA+ level in the ACC but not right DLPFC GABA+ concentration. In exploratory correlation analyses, higher ACC and right DLPFC GABA+ levels were associated with faster processing speed and better auditory‐verbal memory, respectively, in the combined group of smokers and nonsmokers; in smokers only, higher ACC GABA+ was related to better decision making and auditory‐verbal learning. This study contributes additional novel data on the adverse effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the adult human brain and demonstrated ACC and DLPFC GABA+ concentrations were associated with neurocognition and decision making/impulsivity in active cigarette smokers. Longitudinal studies on the effects of smoking cessation on regional brain GABA levels, with a greater number of female participants, are required to determine if the observed metabolite abnormalities are persistent or normalize with smoking cessation.
Camera traps reveal the predation of artificial nests by free‐ranging Azara’s agoutis, Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823, in central Brazil
Authors: Guimaraes‐Silva Marco Antônio , de Morais Alessandro Ribeiro , de Carvalho Fábio Martins Vilar , Moreira Jânio Cordeiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAgoutis, Dasyprocta spp., are medium‐sized rodents distributed in Neotropical region. Their diet is usually described as granivorous/frugivorous, and agoutis are recognised as important seed dispersers. Here, we present two spatially and temporally independent records of egg predation by Azara’s agouti, Dasyprocta azarae, in fragments of Cerrado savanna forest. In both cases, the agoutis ingested quail eggs that had been placed in artificial nests at ground level, 100 m from the edge of the forest. As Dasyprocta is a herbivorous rodent, this predatory behaviour is unexpected and may represent an opportunistic foraging strategy. These observations provide important new insights into the feeding biology of agoutis and highlight the value of camera traps as a tool for the collection of data on the behavioural ecology and natural history of vertebrates in general.
The Increasing Prevalence of Fentanyl: A Urinalysis‐Based Study Among Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder in New York City
Authors: Martinez Suky , Jones Jermaine D. , Brandt Laura , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Abbott Rebecca , Comer Sandra D. 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesOpioid‐related overdose deaths in North America have increased drastically, partially due to the increased prevalence of illicitly manufactured fentanyl. The current study sought to assess the prevalence and intentionality of fentanyl use among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD).MethodsFor this secondary analysis (study 1) we screened a total of 1118 urine samples from 316 participants with OUD from 2016 to 2019. Fentanyl knowledge and intentionality of use were assessed in a separate OUD sample (study 2; N = 33).ResultsIn study 1, 34.6% of all urine samples tested positive for fentanyl. Overall, 149 (47.2%) participants provided more than or equal to one urine sample that tested fentanyl‐positive, and 93 (29.4%) provided more than or equal to two fentanyl‐positive samples. The number of fentanyl‐positive samples, relative to the number of samples tested each year, increased by 330% from year 1 to 3. Study 2 found all participants had pre‐existing knowledge that drugs may be adulterated with fentanyl, yet 67% were surprised by their own fentanyl‐positive test result.Discussion and ConclusionsLike previous studies, our data indicate the high prevalence of fentanyl exposure and low perception of fentanyl‐related risk among individuals with OUD, respectively, suggesting that opioid overdose harm reduction efforts may need to focus more on drug users’ understanding of risks related to fentanyl use and adulteration of drugs.Scientific SignificanceThe current studies provide longitudinal data on fentanyl exposure prevalence and risk perception that is uniquely granular by assessing OUD treatment status, and by identifying potential associations between fentanyl exposure with the presence of other drug use and nonfatal overdose. (Am J Addict 2021;30:65–71)
Optimizing Pension Outcomes Using Target‐Driven Investment Strategies: Evidence from Three Asian Countries with the Highest Old‐Age Dependency Ratio*
Authors: Bai Zefeng , Wallbaum Kai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a response to unforeseeable market turbulence—such as the 2008 financial crisis and the most recent market drawdown triggered by the COVID‐19 pandemic—we propose a new pension investment strategy that could better protect a long‐term pension plan in volatile market conditions. Over a hypothetical 20‐year pension scheme and various target volatility scenarios, we show that our newly proposed strategy, which attaches a target volatility mechanism to a lifecycle strategy, could provide more effective capital protection and risk control for pension investment vehicles. Our results are robust with a consideration of transaction costs.
Measurement of airway pressure during high‐flow nasal therapy in apnoeic oxygenation: a randomised controlled crossover trial*
Authors: Riva T. , Meyer J. , Theiler L. , Obrist D. , Bütikofer L. , Greif R. , Nabecker S. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIt is recognised that high‐flow nasal therapy can prevent desaturation during airway management. Studies in spontaneously breathing patients show an almost linear relationship between flow rate and positive airway pressure in the nasopharynx. Positive airway pressure has been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms explaining how high‐flow nasal therapy works. However, data on pressures generated by high‐flow nasal therapy in apnoeic adults under general anaesthesia are absent. This randomised controlled crossover trial investigated airway pressures generated by different flow rates during high‐flow nasal therapy in anaesthetised and paralysed apnoeic patients, comparing pressures with closed and open mouths. Following induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, a continuous jaw thrust was used to enable airway patency. Airway pressure was measured in the right main bronchus, the middle of the trachea and the pharynx, using a fibreoptically‐placed catheter connected to a pressure transducer. Each measurement was randomised with respect to closed or open mouth and different flow rates. Twenty patients undergoing elective surgery were included (mean (SD) age 38 (18) years, BMI 25.0 (3.3) kg.m‐2, nine women, ASA physical status 1 (35%), 2 (55%), 3 (10%). While closed mouths and increasing flow rates demonstrated non‐linear increases in pressure, the pressure increase was negligible with an open mouth. Airway pressures remained below 10 cmH2O even with closed mouths and flow rates up to 80 l.min−1; they were not influenced by catheter position. This study shows an increase in airway pressures with closed mouths that depends on flow rate. The generated pressure is negligible with an open mouth. These data question positive airway pressure as an important mechanism for maintenance of oxygenation during apnoea.
Making Real Estate Markets: The Co‐Production of Race and Property Value in Early 20thCentury Appraisal Science
Authors: Zaimi Rea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnalysing the standardisation of appraisal alongside the development of modern real estate markets in the early 20thcentury, this article demonstrates that the construction of a racialised proper(tied) economic subjectivity was pivotal for realtors’ ability to secure legitimacy and profit as a burgeoning profession. Appraisal embedded racial logics within real estate markets such that their routine functioning could generate the submarket differentiation necessary for the realisation of class‐monopoly rent. This study’s focus on appraisal before federal redlining addresses key lacunae in the historiography of segregation by foregrounding markets’ historical function as infrastructures that produce and spatialise the social difference crucial for profit in real estate. This article also seeks to inform engagements with contemporary processes of land speculation, commodification, and financialisation shaping US cities by advocating attention to the specific mechanisms that constitute race as a modality for the appropriation of surplus by real estate capital.
Editorial: impact of the introduction of direct‐acting anti‐viral drugs on hepatocarcinogenesis—a prospective serial follow‐up MRI study
Authors: Ito Takanori 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Kumada et al and Kumada papers. To view
these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15825 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15939
Editorial: palliative long‐term abdominal drains in refractory ascites—a step in the right direction, but not the complete solution. Authors' reply
Authors: Macken Lucia , Bremner Stephen , Sheridan David , Verma Sumita ,   the REDUCe Study Team
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Macken et al and Hudson papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15802 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15894
Editorial: acute non‐cirrhotic and non‐malignant portal vein thrombosis––who should be candidates for interventional treatment? Authors’ reply
Authors: Rössle Martin , Bettinger Dominik , Thimme Robert , Schultheiss Michael 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Rössle et al and Zhang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15811 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15902
Editorial: social distancing during the COVID‐19 pandemic—IBD patients cannot stay at home forever. Authors' reply
Authors: Taxonera Carlos , Alba Cristina 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Taxonera et al and Benson‐Pope, Gearry papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15804 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15874
Editorial: minesapride for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
Authors: Black Christopher J. , Barberio Brigida , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Hamatani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15972 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15907
Letter: safety of proton pump inhibitors during pregnancy‒authors’ reply
Authors: Mei Li Cheng , Brusselaers Nele 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Li et al and Acar et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15610 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15914
Letter: IBD nurse—pivotal role in the time of the pandemic. Authors’ reply
Authors: Al‐Ani Aysha H. , Rentsch Clarissa A. , Azim Sofia , Bidgood Emma , Onasseril Princy , Christensen Britt 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Al‐Ani et al and Khan et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15905
Editorial: minesapride for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation—authors' reply
Authors: Hamatani Tatsuto , Fukudo Shin , Nakada Yosuke , Inada Hiroshi , Kazumori Kiyoyasu , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Black et al and Hamatani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15941 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15907
Persistent scrotal swelling after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: “Omentaloma of the scrotum”
Authors: Bhattacharjee Hemanga Kumar , Singla Vitish , Nariampalli Karthyarth Mithun , Parshad Rajinder 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComplete removal of all the contents of a hernial sac is crucial in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. We report a case who underwent transabdominal preperitoneal repair for a complete, irreducible inguinal hernia. He had persistent scrotal swelling and new onset scrotal pain post‐surgery. Ultrasonography of the scrotum revealed a well‐defined hypoechoic scrotal lesion. A magnetic resonance imaging revealed a fat‐containing mass lesion, hypointense on T2 fat‐saturated image. He underwent exploration of the scrotum and a well‐encapsulated mass was excised. The histopathological evaluation revealed a well‐encapsulated structure comprising of lobules of fibroadipose tissue with foci of chronic inflammation and foamy histiocytes likely retained omentum from previous surgery. His scrotal pain disappeared post‐excision. A missed retained omentum in the hernial sac causes considerable anxiety to patients and diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas for the treating surgeon. We coined the term “omentaloma of the scrotum” for such a lesion.
Family socio‐economic status and children’s academic achievement: The different roles of parental academic involvement and subjective social mobility
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jiang Ying , Ming Hua , Ren Yi , Wang Lei , Huang Silin 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundLow family socio‐economic status (SES) is usually associated with children’s poor academic achievement, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are less understood.AimsThe present study examined the mediating role of parental academic involvement and the moderating role of parental subjective social mobility in this relationship with cross‐sectional data.Sample and methodsA total of 815 fourth‐ to sixth‐grade children were recruited from five elementary schools in China. Family SES (measured by parents’ education, parents’ occupation and family income) and parental subjective social mobility were obtained directly from parents, parental academic involvement was reported by children, and information on children’s academic achievement was collected from their teachers.ResultsThe results showed that (1) both family SES and parental academic involvement were positively correlated with children’s Chinese and math achievement, (2) parental academic involvement mediated the relationships between family SES and children’s Chinese and math achievement, and (3) parental subjective social mobility moderated the path from family SES to parental academic involvement. The models of children’s Chinese and math achievement showed that the association between family SES and parental academic involvement was weak among children’s parents who reported high levels of subjective social mobility.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there is a pathway from family SES to children’s academic achievement through parental academic involvement and that this pathway is dependent on the level of parental subjective social mobility.
Antisocial behaviour and teacher–student relationship quality: The role of emotion‐related abilities and callous–unemotional traits
Authors: Roslyne Wilkinson Hannah , Jones Bartoli Alice 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundChildhood antisocial behaviour has been associated with poorer teacher–student relationship (TSR) quality. It is also well‐established that youth with antisocial behaviour have a range of emotion‐related deficits, yet the impact of these students’ emotion‐related abilities on the TSR is not understood. Furthermore, the addition of the Limited Prosocial Emotions Specifier in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) indicates that understanding the role of callous–unemotional (CU) traits for youth with antisocial behaviour problems is of particular importance.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between antisocial behaviour difficulties and the TSR by examining the influence of emotion‐related abilities and CU traits.SampleTwelve teachers from 10 primary schools provided anonymized information on 108 children aged 6–11 years.ResultsAntisocial behaviour was associated with higher teacher–student conflict (but not closeness) as well as higher emotion lability/negativity and lower emotion understanding/empathy. Emotion lability/negativity was associated with higher teacher–student conflict (but not closeness), and emotion understanding/empathy was associated with lower teacher–student conflict and higher closeness. CU traits were associated with higher teacher–student conflict and lower teacher–student closeness (controlling for antisocial behaviour more broadly). We found no evidence of a moderating effect of CU traits or emotion‐related abilities on the association between antisocial behaviour and TSR quality.ConclusionsInterventions for behaviour difficulties should consider teacher–student relationships in the classroom. Strategies which aim to improve teacher–student closeness as well as reduce teacher–student conflict may be of particular value to students with high CU traits.
Development of patient‐reported outcome measures of children’s oral health aesthetics
Authors: Bevans Katherine B. , Moon Jeanhee , Becker Brandon D. , Carle Adam , Forrest Christopher B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of child‐ and parent‐proxy measures of oral health aesthetics.MethodsItems that describe children's perceptions of their oral attractiveness and its impact on social, emotional, and behavioural functioning were developed based on a systematic review of existing measures, clinician feedback (n = 13) and child semi‐structured interviews (n = 27). The tools’ content validity was assessed in cognitive interviews with 21 children. Items were administered to socio‐demographically diverse samples of 998 children aged 8‐17 years and 626 parents of children aged 5‐17 years. Psychometric methods were used to finalize and calibrate item banks, generate short questionnaire forms, and evaluate the tools’ reliability, precision and validity.ResultsThe item banks and their short forms provide precise measurement across a wide range of oral health aesthetic states. They measure relevant and meaningful positive and negative experiences using terminology that most children as young as 8 years of age can understand. Known‐group comparisons and convergence with existing measures of oral health‐related quality of life, global health and body image provide evidence of construct validity. The scores are interpretable relative to the US general population.ConclusionsThe oral health aesthetic item banks and short forms provide precise and valid assessments of children's satisfaction with their oral appearance. They may be useful for targeting and evaluating paediatric dental and orthodontic care in clinical practice and research settings.
Morphologic changes in the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus during the conversion from pseudostratified single columnar to stratified squamous epithelium in the developing mouse esophagus
Authors: Getachew Dereje , Kaneda Ryo , Saeki Yuko , Matsumoto Akihiro , Otani Hiroki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe apico‐basal (AB) polarity of epithelial cells is maintained by organized arrays of the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus. We previously reported that mouse embryonic esophageal epithelium exhibits interkinetic nuclear migration (INM), an AB‐polarity‐based regulatory mechanism of stem‐cell proliferation, and suggested that the pseudostratified single columnar epithelium, a hallmark of INM, is converted to stratified squamous epithelium via rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and cell‐adhesion apparatus. Here, we chronologically examined morphological changes in the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus in the mouse esophageal epithelium at embryonic day (E) 11.5, E13.5, E14.5, and E15.5, during which epithelial conversion has been suggested to occur. We used phalloidin to examine the apical terminal web (ATW), immunofluorescent anti‐zonula occludens protein (ZO‐1) antibody to reveal ZO‐1, and anti‐gamma tubulin antibody to detect primary cilia (PC). At E11.5, a thick ATW, apically oriented ZO‐1 and apical PC were observed, indicating a pseudostratified single columnar structure. At E13.5 and E14.5, the phalloidin‐staining, ZO‐1, and PC distribution patterns were not apically localized, and the epithelial cells appeared to have lost the AB polarity, suggesting conversion of the epithelial structure and cessation of INM. At E15.5, light and transmission electron microscope observations revealed the ATW, ZO‐1, PC, and tight junction which were localized into two‐1ayers: the apical and subapical layers of the epithelium. These findings suggest that dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton and adhesion apparatus is involved in the conversion from pseudostratified single columnar to stratified squamous morphology and is closely related with temporal perturbation of the AB‐polarity and cessation of INM.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of outcomes after elective surgery for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Baker D. M. , Folan A.‐M. , Lee M. J. , Jones G. L. , Brown S. R. , Lobo A. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimApproximately 20%–30% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) will undergo surgery during their disease course, the vast majority being elective due to chronic refractory disease. The risks of elective surgery are reported variably. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to summarize the outcomes after elective surgery for UC.MethodsA systematic review was conducted that analysed studies reporting outcomes for elective surgery in the modern era (>2002). It was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database (ref: CRD42018115513). Searches were performed of Embase and MEDLINE on 15 January 2019. Outcomes were split by operation performed. Primary outcome was quality of life; secondary outcomes were early, late and functional outcomes after surgery. Outcomes reported in five or more studies underwent a meta‐analysis of incidence using random effects. Heterogeneity is reported with I2, and publication bias was assessed using Doi plots and the Luis Furuya‐Kanamori index.ResultsA total of 34 studies were included (11 774 patients). Quality of life was reported in 12 studies, with variable and contrasting results. Thirteen outcomes (eight early surgical complications, five functional outcomes) were included in the formal meta‐analysis, all of which were outcomes for ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA). A further 71 outcomes were reported (50 IPAA, 21 end ileostomy). Only 14 of 84 outcomes received formal definitions, with high inter‐study variation of definitions.ConclusionOutcomes after elective surgery for UC are variably defined. This systematic review and meta‐analysis highlights the range of reported incidences and provides practical information that facilitates shared decision making in clinical practice.
Response to Jennifer Hockenbery Dragseth's review of Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen (ed.), The Alternative Luther: Lutheran Theology from the Subaltern
Authors: Pedersen Else Marie Wiberg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis is a response to Jennifer Hockenbery Dragseth's review of Else Marie Wiberg Pedersen (ed.), The Alternative Luther: Lutheran Theology from the Subaltern. Dragseth delivers a prudent and insightful review of the book. I agree with Dragseht's points, thus I will here make no more than a few deepening points in addition to those.