bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complexity of sleep disorders in dialysis patients
Authors: Eloot Sunny , Holvoet Els , Dequidt Clement , Maertens Sarah-Jane , Vanommeslaeghe Floris , Van Biesen Wim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Dialysis patients experience a high burden of physical and emotional symptoms directly affecting their sleep and quality of life. In this study, objective and subjective measurements to quantify sleep were performed, compared with those of healthy controls, and associated with burden of comorbidity and uraemic toxicity.

Methods
A total of 64 dialysis patients were included—10 peritoneal dialysis, 42 in-centre daytime haemodialysis (HD) and 12 in-centre nocturnal HD patients—as well as one-to-one age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Assumed and actual sleep time, sleep efficiency and fragmentation index were measured by actigraphy for at least two consecutive nights. Patients and controls also completed Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. The patients’ blood was sampled to determine concentrations of a representative series of uraemic toxins and the Davies–Stoke comorbidity index was derived from medical records.

Results
Apart from the assumed sleep time, all objectively and subjectively measured sleep parameters were worse in the dialysis group compared with the healthy controls. No differences were seen in any of the measured sleep parameters among the different dialysis groups. None of the objectively measured sleep parameters were associated with ISI or PSQI scores in dialysis patients, while sleep times were related to the subjective scores in the healthy cohort. Objectively assessed sleep parameters were associated to neither the uraemic toxicity load nor the Davies–Stoke score.

Conclusions
Independent of the modality, dialysis patients have sleep quality much worse than age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The objectively measured sleep parameters could not be associated to the subjective score, uraemic toxicity or comorbidity score, highlighting the need for objective measurements of sleep and clinical guidelines to aid patient management.
Founding mutations explains hotspots of polycystic kidney disease in Southern Spain
Authors: García Rabaneda Carmen , Perea Francisco , Bellido Díaz María Luz , Morales García Ana I , Martínez Atienza Margarita , Sousa Silva Lisbeth , González Miguel Ángel García , Ruiz-Cabello Francisco , Esteban de la Rosa Rafael J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our group identified two pathogenic variants on the PKD1 gene, c.10527_10528delGA and c.7292T&gt;A, from unrelated families. They came from two small counties in Granada, with 61 and 26 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) individuals affected. To determine a common ancestor, healthy and ADPKD individuals from these families were genotyped by analysing four microsatellites located on chromosome 16. Our study identified a common haplotype in all ADPKD individuals. These findings underpin our hypothesis of the founder effect and explain why there is a high frequency of ADPKD in small regions. Determining hotspots of ADPKD will help to better plan healthcare in the future.
Helping English language teachers become gender aware
Authors: Mojica Claudia P , Castañeda-Peña Harold 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article describes some insights gained as a result of a pedagogical experience designed for Colombian ELT teachers with the objective of raising gender awareness in their teaching practices. Such experience derives from a gender-based graduate course offered in a master’s programme in Applied Linguistics to the teaching of English at a Colombian university. During the implementation of this course there were important reflections and insights that could be used for other English language teachers who are interested in adopting a gender view within their teaching practices. This article positions the practical learning of this experience as transformative practices, which aim at supporting in-service English language teachers within their learning process of this perspective. It is hoped that these practices will challenge traditional understandings of English language teacher education drawing on critical pedagogy to build a more explicit gender awareness in the ELT field.
Learning whether to subtract beta-blockers: it’s about time
Authors: van Diepen Sean , Armstrong Paul W 
Published: December 2020

Graphical Abstract
Proposed framework for foundational and provisional secondary prevention therapy over time in low-risk post-MI patients. Foundational therapies should be considered in all patients without contraindications, while provisional therapies should be considered in selected patients with comorbidities or post-infarction complications. The horizontal time axis proposes duration of therapies and timeframes for pharmacotherapeutic re-assessment, and should be responsive to the temporal evolution of post-MI risk and events. ADP, adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors; ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; RCT, randomized controlled trials; TG, triglyceride. *Pending guideline recommendations.
The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and incident atherosclerotic events: analyses from five contemporary randomized trials
Authors: Adamstein Nicholas H , MacFadyen Jean G , Rose Lynda M , Glynn Robert J , Dey Amit K , Libby Peter , Tabas Ira A , Mehta Nehal N , Ridker Paul M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a readily available inflammatory biomarker that may associate with atherosclerosis and predict cardiovascular (CV) events. The aims of this study are to determine whether the NLR predicts incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and is modified by anti-inflammatory therapy.

Methods and results
Baseline and on-treatment NLRs were calculated from complete blood counts among 60 087 participants randomized in the CANTOS, JUPITER, SPIRE-1, SPIRE-2, and CIRT trials to receive placebo or canakinumab, rosuvastatin, bococizumab, or methotrexate, respectively, and followed up for MACE. All analyses were performed first in CANTOS, and then externally validated in the other four trials. For the five trials, hazard ratios for major CV events and mortality comparing NLR quartiles were computed using Cox proportional hazards models, and the effect of each randomized intervention on the NLR was evaluated in comparison to placebo. The NLR modestly correlated with interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels but minimally with lipids. In all five randomized trials, baseline NLR predicted incident CV events and death; the per-quartile increase in risk of MACE was 20% in CANTOS [95% confidence interval (CI) 14–25%, P &lt; 0.0001], 31% in SPIRE-1 (95% CI 14–49%, P = 0.00007), 27% in SPIRE-2 (95% CI 12–43%, P = 0.0002), 9% in CIRT (95% CI 0.2–20%, P = 0.045), and 11% in JUPITER (95% CI 1–22%, P = 0.03). While lipid-lowering agents had no significant impact on the NLR, anti-inflammatory therapy with canakinumab lowered the NLR (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
The NLR, an easily obtained inflammatory biomarker, independently predicts CV risk and all-cause mortality, and is reduced by interleukin-1β blockade with canakinumab.
Both beat-to-beat changes in RR-interval and left ventricular filling time determine ventricular function during atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lyon Aurore , van Mourik Manouk , Cruts Laura , Heijman Jordi , Bekkers Sebastiaan C A M , Schotten Ulrich , Crijns Harry J G M , Linz Dominik , Lumens Joost 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The irregular atrial electrical activity during atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a variable left ventricular (LV) systolic function. The mechanisms determining LV function during AF remain incompletely understood. We aimed at elucidating how changes in RR-interval and LV preload affect LV function during AF.

Methods and results
Beat-to-beat speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed in 10 persistent AF patients. We evaluated the relation between longitudinal LV peak strain and preceding RR-interval during AF. We used the CircAdapt computational model to evaluate beat-to-beat preload and peak strain during AF for each patient by imposing the patient-specific RR-interval sequences and a non-contractile atrial myocardium. Generic simulations with artificial RR-interval sequences quantified the haemodynamic changes induced by sudden irregular beats. Clinical data and simulations both showed a larger sensitivity of peak strain to changes in preceding RR-interval at slow heart rate (HR) (cycle length, CL &lt;750 ms) than at faster HR. Simulations explained this by a difference in preload of the current beat. Generic simulations confirmed a larger sensitivity of peak strain to preceding RR-interval at fast HR (CL = 600 ms: Δ peak strain = 3.7% vs. 900 ms: Δ peak strain = 0.3%) as in the patients. They suggested that longer LV activation with respect to preceding RR-interval is determinant for this sensitivity.

Conclusions
During AF, longitudinal LV peak strain is highly variable, particularly at fast HR. Beat-to-beat changes in preload explain the differences in LV systolic function. Simulations revealed that a reduced diastolic LV filling time can explain the increased variability at fast HR.
Rabies virus matrix protein targets host actin cytoskeleton: a protein–protein interaction analysis
Authors: Zandi Fatemeh , Khalaj Vahid , Goshadrou Fatemeh , Meyfour Anna , Gholami Alireza , Enayati Somayeh , Mehranfar Mahsa , Rahmati Saman , Kheiri Elmira Vadaye , Badie Hamid Gholamipour , Vaziri Behrouz 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Multifunctional matrix protein (M) of rabies virus (RABV) plays essential roles in the pathogenesis of rabies infection. Identification of M protein interacting partners in target hosts could help to elucidate the biological pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this virus. In this study, two-dimensional Far-western blotting (2D-Far-WB) technique was applied to find possible matrix protein partners in the rat brainstem. Recombinant RABV M was expressed in Pichia pastoris and was partially purified. Subsequently, 2D-Far-WB-determined six rat brainstem proteins interacted with recombinant M proteins that were identified by mass spectrometry. Functional annotation by gene ontology analysis determined these proteins were involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission processes, metabolic process and cell morphogenesis–cytoskeleton organization. The interaction of viral M protein with selected host proteins in mouse Neuro-2a cells infected with RABV was verified by super-resolution confocal microscopy. Molecular docking simulations also demonstrated the formation of RABV M complexes. However, further confirmation with co-immunoprecipitation was only successful for M-actin cytoplasmic 1 interaction. Our study revealed actin cytoplasmic 1 as a binding partner of M protein, which might have important role(s) in rabies pathogenesis.
Interkingdom Communication and Regulation of Mucosal Immunity by the Microbiome
Authors: Ethridge Alexander D , Bazzi Malak H , Lukacs Nicholas W , Huffnagle Gary B 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntercellular communication and environmental sensing are most often mediated through ligand-receptor binding and signaling. This is true for both host cells and microbial cells. The ligands can be proteins (cytokines, growth factors, and peptides), modified lipids, nucleic acid derivatives and small molecules generated from metabolic pathways. These latter nonprotein metabolites play a much greater role in the overall function of mucosal immunity than previously recognized, and the list of potential immunomodulatory molecules derived from the microbiome is growing. The most well-studied microbial signals are the nonmetabolite microbe-associated molecular pattern molecules, such as lipopolysaccharide and teichoic acid, that bind to host pattern recognition receptors. Here, we will highlight the immunomodulatory activities of other microbiome-derived molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, uric acid, prostaglandins, histamine, catecholamines, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands, and 12,13-diHOME.
The Exemplary in Transnational Social Movements: The Legacies of the Alterglobalization Movement
Authors: Perea Ozerin Iratxe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRevolutionary theorists have pointed to the “exemplary” in revolutions as the main aspect explaining the power of these phenomena to shape the international system. As a result of their internationalist commitment and their capacity to set revolutionary models, revolutions have a long-term impact not anticipated by even the revolutionaries themselves. Even though they might be overthrown or socialized, the ideas and the internationalist practice exercised by revolutionary movements continue affecting subsequent dynamics of contestation and thus defining world politics. In this article, I argue that the impact of Transnational Social Movements (TSM) can be analyzed in this light. To the extent that they aim to transform the international order, TSMs’ interaction with the international might be deeper than is normally assumed. In order to illustrate this, the article focuses on the Alterglobalization Movement (AGM) as a case study. This approach allows an assessment of the potential of the AGM to shape international politics beyond more immediate victories at the beginning of the millennium.
Integrative Taxonomy of Australian Metopia (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae) Reveals a New Species and Challenges Traditional Phylogeny
Authors: Johnston Nikolas P , Wallman James F , Pape Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A taxonomic revision of all Australian species of Metopia Meigen (Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae) is completed using an integrated approach combining molecular and morphological data. Metopia nudibasis (Malloch) is redescribed as a species complex and a new endemic Australian species, Metopia sputnik sp. n., is described. Evidence is presented that Metopia sauteri (Townsend) is absent from Australia and this species is therefore removed from the known Australian fauna. Molecular phylogenetics is used to reconstruct interspecific and generic relationships and support morphology-based species hypotheses. Phylogenetic analysis splits Metopia Meigen into two clades, separated by Aenigmetopia Malloch, rendering the former genus nonmonophyletic. The implications of this are discussed.
A retrospective look at the predictions and recommendations from the 2009 AMIA policy meeting: did we see EHR-related clinician burnout coming?
Authors: Starren Justin B , Tierney William M , Williams Marc S , Tang Paul , Weir Charlene , Koppel Ross , Payne Philip , Hripcsak George , Detmer Don E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Clinicians often attribute much of their burnout experience to use of the electronic health record, the adoption of which was greatly accelerated by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009. That same year, AMIA’s Policy Meeting focused on possible unintended consequences associated with rapid implementation of electronic health records, generating 17 potential consequences and 15 recommendations to address them. At the 2020 annual meeting of the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI), ACMI fellows participated in a modified Delphi process to assess the accuracy of the 2009 predictions and the response to the recommendations. Among the findings, the fellows concluded that the degree of clinician burnout and its contributing factors, such as increased documentation requirements, were significantly underestimated. Conversely, problems related to identify theft and fraud were overestimated. Only 3 of the 15 recommendations were adjudged more than half-addressed.
Measurement of clinical documentation burden among physicians and nurses using electronic health records: a scoping review
Authors: Moy Amanda J , Schwartz Jessica M , Chen RuiJun , Sadri Shirin , Lucas Eugene , Cato Kenrick D , Rossetti Sarah Collins 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background

Objective
Electronic health records (EHRs) are linked with documentation burden resulting in clinician burnout. While clear classifications and validated measures of burnout exist, documentation burden remains ill-defined and inconsistently measured. We aim to conduct a scoping review focused on identifying approaches to documentation burden measurement and their characteristics.

Materials and Methods
Based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews (ScR) guidelines, we conducted a scoping review assessing MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL from inception to April 2020 for studies investigating documentation burden among physicians and nurses in ambulatory or inpatient settings. Two reviewers evaluated each potentially relevant study for inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results
Of the 3482 articles retrieved, 35 studies met inclusion criteria. We identified 15 measurement characteristics, including 7 effort constructs: EHR usage and workload, clinical documentation/review, EHR work after hours and remotely, administrative tasks, cognitively cumbersome work, fragmentation of workflow, and patient interaction. We uncovered 4 time constructs: average time, proportion of time, timeliness of completion, activity rate, and 11 units of analysis. Only 45.0% of studies assessed the impact of EHRs on clinicians and/or patients and 40.0% mentioned clinician burnout.

Discussion
Standard and validated measures of documentation burden are lacking. While time and effort were the core concepts measured, there appears to be no consensus on the best approach nor degree of rigor to study documentation burden.

Conclusion
Further research is needed to reliably operationalize the concept of documentation burden, explore best practices for measurement, and standardize its use.
Quantification of Losartan Potassium Polymorphs Using Powder X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Lou Yongjun , Zuo Lili 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Losartan potassium, a common antihypertensive drug on the market, has multiple polymorphs, of which form I is used as a pharmaceutical crystal form. Form I can be partially converted to form III under some circumstances. The quantification of losartan potassium polymorphs is important to control the quality of pharmaceuticals.

Objective
To establish a method to determine the contents of losartan potassium polymorphs.

Methods
Pure form I and form III of losartan potassium were obtained by recrystallization, and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. A powder X-ray diffraction method was developed to characterize form I and form III of losartan potassium. Peak area and weight percentage were used to establish calibration curve.

Results
The calibration curve was linear over the range of 1–50% (w/w), using the characteristic peak area ratio of form I at 11.13° 2θ and form III at 5.64° 2θ as the quantitative parameter. The precisions were excellent between 0.6–4.9%, and the limit of quantification was 2.02% (w/w).

Conclusions
This PXRD method can be used to analyze mixtures of losartan potassium polymorphs (forms I and III) quantitatively and control the quality of bulk drug.

Highlights
This is a new method of quantifying the amount of form III in polymorphic forms of losartan potassium using data obtained by PXRD. It is consistent, sensitive, and accurate.
Oviposition-Site Selection of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) Sand Flies: Attraction to Bacterial Isolates From an Attractive Rearing Medium
Authors: Kakumanu Madhavi L , Marayati Bahjat F , Schal Coby , Apperson Charles S , Wasserberg Gideon , Ponnusamy Loganathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are worldwide vectors of Leishmania parasites as well as other bacterial and viral pathogens. Due to the variable impact of traditional vector control practices, a more ecologically based approach is needed. The goal of this study was to isolate bacteria from the most attractive substrate to gravid Phlebotomus papatasi Scopoli sand flies and determine the role of bacterial volatiles in the oviposition attractancy of P. papatasi using behavioral assays. We hypothesized that gravid sand flies are attracted to bacterially derived semiochemical cues associated with breeding sites. Bacteria were isolated from a larvae-conditioned rearing medium, previously shown to be highly attractive to sand flies. The isolated bacteria were identified by amplifying and sequencing 16S rDNA gene fragments, and 12 distinct bacterial species were selected for two-choice olfactometer bioassays. The mix of 12 bacterial isolates elicited strong attraction at the lower concentration of 107 cells per ml and significant repellence at a high concentration of 109 cells per ml. Three individual isolates (SSI-2, SSI-9, and SSI-11) were particularly attractive at low doses. In general, we observed dose-related effects, with some bacterial isolates stimulating negative and some positive dose–response curves in sand fly attraction. Our study confirms the important role of saprophytic bacteria, gut bacteria, or both, in guiding the oviposition-site selection behavior of sand flies. Identifying the specific attractive semiochemical cues that they produce could lead to development of an attractive lure for surveillance and control of sand flies.
Iron–sulfur proteins in plant mitochondria: roles and maturation
Authors: Przybyla-Toscano Jonathan , Christ Loïck , Keech Olivier , Rouhier Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters are prosthetic groups ensuring electron transfer reactions, activating substrates for catalytic reactions, providing sulfur atoms for the biosynthesis of vitamins or other cofactors, or having protein-stabilizing effects. Hence, metalloproteins containing these cofactors are essential for numerous and diverse metabolic pathways and cellular processes occurring in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are organelles where the Fe–S cluster demand is high, notably because the activity of the respiratory chain complexes I, II, and III relies on the correct assembly and functioning of Fe–S proteins. Several other proteins or complexes present in the matrix require Fe–S clusters as well, or depend either on Fe–S proteins such as ferredoxins or on cofactors such as lipoic acid or biotin whose synthesis relies on Fe–S proteins. In this review, we have listed and discussed the Fe–S-dependent enzymes or pathways in plant mitochondria including some potentially novel Fe–S proteins identified based on in silico analysis or on recent evidence obtained in non-plant organisms. We also provide information about recent developments concerning the molecular mechanisms involved in Fe–S cluster synthesis and trafficking steps of these cofactors from maturation factors to client apoproteins.
Ambiguity and context learning in signalling games
Authors: Tang Liping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lexical ambiguity is present in many natural languages, but ambiguous words and phrases do not seem to be advantageous. Therefore, the presence of ambiguous words in natural language warrants explanation. We justify the existence of ambiguity from the perspective of context dependence. The main contribution of the paper is that we constructed a context learning process such that each interlocutor can infer their opponent’s private belief from the conversation. A sufficient condition for successful learning is provided. Furthermore, for cases in which learning fails, we investigate how the interlocutors choose among degrees of ambiguous expressions through an adaptive learning process. Lastly, we apply our model in the lattice network, demonstrating that structural evolution favours ambiguity as well.