bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and strain-based design of the large-diameter pipe under the impact of a falling rock
Authors: Shao Bing , Yan Yifei , Wang Xiaomei , Yan Xiangzhen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Falling rocks are one of the essential causes to pipeline failures in the most frequently occurring geological disasters and the pipes in a thin-shell structure can hardly resist the huge impact energy. The traditional design are conducted by keeping the maximum stress smaller than the material strength which is too conservative to make a full use of the pipeline. In this work, codes for the explicit dynamics based on the Lagrange algorithm are adopted to numerically simulate the impact of falling spherical stones on the large diameter pipe with the consideration of nonlinearity of big deformation. Dynamic responses of the pipe as well as strains on pipe’s cross section are discussed in detail. Influences on the pipe strains from factors like impact speed, stone size and moving direction are investigated. Results show that, most significant effect is from the diameter-thickness ratio of the pipe and it shows the resistant capability of the pipe drops exponentially with the decreasing of the thickness and the ratio is recommended to be chosen in a range of 40∼60. Eccentricity also effects the strains exponentially and the impact extent is greatly reduced with the eccentricity being smaller than 50%. Safety check is carried out by an ultimate-strain criterion and so, the ultimate size and velocity of the falling stone are got. What is done in this paper is expected to be of referential values for geological disaster resistant design of pipeline.
Design and Development of Electric Locomotive Converter Technology Integrated Experiment Platform
Authors: Chen Rui , Wang Shudong , Liang Chao , Zhao Shuo , Wu Yongyong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Devices for power electronic technology experiment are generally backward and fail to satisfy the need of teaching and technology development nowadays. The design and manufacture of comprehensive experimental platform combined with traditional experiment and advanced electric locomotive converter technology. This platform realized the operation of converter system of electric locomotive. The platform is used for experimental operation of undergraduate and research and innovation of graduate.
Study of Hydrothermally Lignite and Rice Husk blend: Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Mehdi Miqdad , Hamid Siddiqi Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The increased realization in greenhouse emission has encouraged to grow new technologies to accommodate the confinement and seizure of CO2. Keeping this situation, the thermal behaviour of lignite, Rice husk, besides their mergers throughout pyrolysis and combustion procedures, was examined in the study for their possible usage as a sustainable and substitute energy resource. The experiments were done in a thermo-gravimetric analyser at a heating rate of 40 °C/min and range from standard room-temp up to 950°C. These blends presented diverse ignition as well as combustion actions dependent on the proportion of rice husk and atmosphere (Oxy-fuel or Nitrogen). These investigational outcomes support to describe as well as expect the performance of lignite and rice husk blends in real applications.
Development of Al1070-Quasicrystal (Al65Cu23Fe12) composites using friction stir processing and its mechanical characterization
Authors: Kamalnath M , Mohan B , Singh Alok , Thirumavalavan K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study aims at analysing the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of quasicrystalline (Al65Cu23Fe12) strengthened Al1070 composites by Friction Stir Processing (FSP). The composites with various volume fractions of quasicrystal are fabricated by a multipass (3 passes) Friction Stir Processing with 1200 rpm speed, 30 mm min−1 feed rate and tilt angle of 2.5°. The hardness measurement and tensile test performed in the fabricated composites divulged an increasing trend in the hardness values and Ultimate tensile strength up to a volume fraction of 8% of quasicrystals. The microstructural studies disclosed the increase in the hardness values are ascribed to the reduction in grain size due to the dynamic recrystallization and the strengthening of Al matrix by quasicrystals. Though the composites with higher volume fraction exhibited improved Ultimate tensile strength, the fractographic studies depicted there is transformation from ductile to brittle failure in those composites.
Corrosion behavior of the weld joint of X80 pipeline steel in an acidic red soil
Authors: Cao Xianming , Wu Tangqing , Liu Meng , Wang Binbin , Zhang Minghua , Li Cong , Yin Fucheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel weld joints in an acidic red soil solution was studied. The results show that uniform corrosion occurs on the entire surface of the weld joint after 840 h immersion. The corrosion degree of heat affected zone (HAZ) is more serious than that of base metal (BM) and weld zone (WZ). The corrosion rate of HAZ specimen is always higher than those of WZ and BM specimens throughout the separated immersion. The accelerating corrosion of HAZ may come from its microstructure change, its corrosion sensitivity and the deterioration of mechanical performance of corrosion product on it.
Study on corrosion resistance of copper matrix composites reinforced by Al2O3 whiskers
Authors: Lv Lan , Jiang Xiaosong , Xiao Xincong , Sun Hongliang , Shao Zhenyi , Luo Zhiping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The corrosion behavior of copper matrix composites with different Al2O3 whisker content in NaCl solution (3.6 wt%) at different temperatures was studied by electrochemical test and electron microscope. The results showed that with the increase of Al2O3 whisker content, the corrosion tendency of the composites first increases and then decreases. The charge-transfer resistance (Rct) value and corrosion current density tend to decrease first and then rise slowly. The whiskers can cause huge differences in performance in different directions so that it is easy to agglomerate and entangle in the matrix, which can increase the heterogeneity of materials in copper matrix alloys, hence, the addition of whiskers will cause the increase of corrosion phenomenon. As the whisker content continues to increase, a large number of reinforcing phases will form a natural protective layer when exposed on the metal surface, which will slow down the corrosion situation. As the temperature increases, the corrosion resistance decreases first and then increases. When the temperature increases from 25 °C to 50 °C, the electrochemical reaction is accelerated, the free electrons between the metal atoms obtain external energy, the ion migration rate is accelerated, and the corrosion reaction is more likely to occur. When the temperature increases from 50 °C to 75 °C, the corrosion reaction rate is mainly controlled by the diffusion of oxygen. As the temperature increases, the solubility of oxygen decreases and the cathode reaction requires oxygen to participate, consequently, the corrosion rate decreases. For the microstructure of the corrosion specimen, corrosion mainly occurred at or around the reinforcement phase/matrix interface. Intermetallic compound particles often appear near corrosion initiation points along the reinforcement phase/matrix interface, and the corrosion behavior of composites is mainly determined by copper. Copper is used as the anode of the battery, and the corrosion products are mainly copper chloride salts.
Investigation of microstructure and liquid lead corrosion behavior of a Fe-18Ni-16Cr-4Al base alumina-forming austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Chen Lingzhi , Wang Man , Tsisar Valentyn , Schroer Carsten , Zhou Zhangjian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The microstructure of an alumina-forming austenitic stainless steel with a composition design of Fe-18Ni-16Cr-4Al-2Mo-0.4 Nb (in wt%) is characterized. The steel contains about 75 vol% austenitic phase and 25 vol% ferritic phase. B2-NiAl precipitates with round shape can be found only in the ferritic phase in the as-rolled sample. The corrosion behavior in static liquid lead with different oxygen content of 10−9 and 10−6% by mass at 700 °C for 1000 h is investigated. After exposure for 1000 h in liquid lead with oxygen content of 10−9%, obvious lead penetration combined with nickel dissolution is found. In the case of liquid lead with 10−6% oxygen content, a thin oxide layer can be formed on the surface, thus protecting the steel from liquid lead attack. After the corrosion test, significant precipitations are found in both austenitic and ferritic phases in the matrix of the steel.
Alcohol Intoxication and Suicide by Hanging in Poland
Authors: Lasota Dorota , Pawłowski Witold , Krajewski Paweł , Staniszewska Anna , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Czerski Robert , Goniewicz Mariusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
An integral part of the World Health Organization (WHO) plan to reduce suicide by 10% by 2020 is to identify areas and demographic groups, which should be priority target groups for preventive activities. This study aimed to present the demographic differences between victims of suicide by hanging in the Warsaw metropolitan area, in Poland, by examining the sobriety of victims.

Methods
Data for analysis were obtained from the documentation of the Department of Forensic Medicine (DFM) at the Medical University of Warsaw (MUW). The retrospective analysis included 358 out of 466 victims of suicides by hanging in the Warsaw metropolitan area, in Poland, recorded in the DFM documentation covering 2011–2013. The data gathered included age, gender, the cause of death, a post-mortem examination as well as the level of ethanol in the blood and muscles of victims.

Results
In both groups, men accounted for a larger percentage of victims than women, P = 0.068. In the no-alcohol group, the victims were older than in the alcohol group (47.52 ± 19.21 vs. 40.88 ± 12.77) (P &lt; 0.001). The majority of the studied population were victims aged 25–34 (22.90%), mainly men (20.95%). Young men were also the largest group among victims in the alcohol group (28.33%). The most numerous age group among no-alcohol group were older victims aged 55–64 (19.10%), especially men (16.29%).

Conclusion
Regardless of sobriety, men were the largest group of suicide victims in the study population, which means that men die suicide more often than women. Differences in gender proportions are related to age. In the studied population, it was primarily young victims, mainly men. These are the groups that should be priority target groups for preventive activities aimed at reducing the number of suicides. The presence of ethanol in more than half of the victims of suicide in the study population indicates that alcohol is an important suicidal risk factor.
Allee effects drive the coevolution of cooperation and group size in high reproductive skew groups
Authors: Lerch Brian A , Abbott Karen C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The evolution of cooperation between conspecifics is a fundamental evolutionary puzzle, with much work focusing on the evolution of cooperative breeding. Surprisingly, although we expect cooperation to affect the population structures in which individuals interact, most studies fail to allow cooperation and population structure to coevolve. Here, we build two models containing group-level Allee effects (positive density dependence at low group sizes) to study the coevolution of cooperation and group size. Group-level Allee effects, although common in cooperatively breeding species, remain understudied for their evolutionary implications. We find that a trait that affects group size can cause increased cooperation to be favored evolutionarily even in a group with complete reproductive skew. In particular, we find a single evolutionarily stable attractor in our model corresponding to moderate helpfulness and group size. In general, our results demonstrate that, even in groups with complete reproductive skew, Allee effects can be important for the evolution of cooperation and that the evolution of cooperation may be closely linked to the evolution of group size. Further, our model matches empirical data in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), suggesting that it may have an application in understanding social evolution in this endangered species.
Personalised Budgets: What Is the Future for Child Protection?
Authors: Plath Debbie , Dadich Ann , Evans Susan , Lawson Kenny D , Stout Brian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As the Australian state of New South Wales considers the adoption of a policy of personalised budgets in child protection, questions arise regarding how such a policy could take shape and how it would impact service delivery to promote safety and well-being amongst vulnerable children. This article presents findings from a mixed-method, realist evaluation of a pilot programme that adopted some of the features of personalised budgets, namely, personalisation, brokerage and keyworkers. Drawing on literature on personalised budgets in disability and aged care, the article highlights the features, potential benefits and challenges of personalised budgets in child protection. It concludes by arguing for a better understanding of how personalised budgets could benefit vulnerable children. This might involve: defining the roles of brokers and keyworkers, developing ways to increase service user engagement, clarifying implications for the wider service sector and planning for the provision of required supports and services for children and families.
Prism Adaptation Modulates Connectivity of the Intraparietal Sulcus with Multiple Brain Networks
Authors: Schintu Selene , Freedberg Michael , Gotts Stephen J , Cunningham Catherine A , Alam Zaynah M , Shomstein Sarah , Wassermann Eric M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) alters spatial cognition according to the direction of visual displacement by temporarily modifying sensorimotor mapping. Right-shifting prisms (right PA) improve neglect of left visual field in patients, possibly by decreasing activity in the left hemisphere and increasing it in the right. Left PA shifts attention rightward in healthy individuals by an opposite mechanism. However, functional imaging studies of PA are inconsistent, perhaps because of differing activation tasks. We measured resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in healthy individuals before and after PA. When contrasted, right versus left PA decreased RSFC in the spatial navigation network defined by the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC), hippocampus, and cerebellum. Within-PA-direction comparisons showed that right PA increased RSFC in subregions of the PPCs and between the PPCs and the right middle frontal gyrus and left PA decreased RSFC between these regions. Both right and left PA decreased RSFC between the PPCs and bilateral temporal areas. In summary, right PA increases connectivity in the right frontoparietal network and left PA produces essentially opposite effects. Furthermore, right, compared with left, PA modulates RSFC in the right hemisphere navigation network.
Development and Clinical Validation of a Sensitive Lateral Flow Assay for Rapid Urine Fentanyl Screening in the Emergency Department
Authors: Li Zhao , Chen Hui , Feng Sheng , Liu Kengku , Wang Ping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Rapid identification of fentanyl at the point-of-care is critical. Urine fentanyl concentrations in overdose cases start at single-digit nanograms per milliliter. No fentanyl point-of-care assay with a cutoff at single-digit nanograms per milliliter is available.

Methods
A competitive lateral flow assay (LFA) was developed using gold nanoparticles and optimized for rapid screening of fentanyl in 5 minutes. Urine samples from 2 cohorts of emergency department (ED) patients were tested using the LFA and LC-MS/MS. The 2 cohorts consisted of 218 consecutive ED patients with urine drug-of-abuse screen orders and 7 ED patients with clinically suspected fentanyl overdose, respectively.

Results
The LFA detected fentanyl (≥1 ng/mL) and the major metabolite norfentanyl (≥10 ng/mL) with high precision. There was no cross-reactivity with amphetamine, cocaine, morphine, tetrahydrocannabinol, methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone, and acetaminophen at 1000 ng/mL and 0.03%, 0.4%, and 0.05% cross-reactivity with carfentanil, risperidone, and 9-hydroxyrisperidone, respectively. In 218 consecutive ED patients, the prevalence of cases with fentanyl ≥1 ng/mL or norfentanyl ≥10 ng/mL was 5.5%. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the LFA were 100% (95% CI, 75.8–100%) and 99.5% (95% CI, 97.3–99.9%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 92.3% (95% CI, 66.7–98.6%) and 100% (95% CI, 98.2–100%), respectively. The concordance between the LFA and LC-MS/MS was 100% in the 7 suspected fentanyl overdose cases (5 positive, 2 negative).

Conclusions
The LFA can detect fentanyl and norfentanyl with high clinical sensitivity and specificity in the ED population with rapid fentanyl screening needs.
Compartmentalized β1-adrenergic signalling synchronizes excitation–contraction coupling without modulating individual Ca2+ sparks in healthy and hypertrophied cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yang Hua-Qian , Zhou Peng , Wang Li-Peng , Zhao Yan-Ting , Ren Yu-Jie , Guo Yun-Bo , Xu Ming , Wang Shi-Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) play pivotal roles in regulating cardiac excitation–contraction (E-C) coupling. Global signalling of β1ARs up-regulates both the influx of Ca2+ through sarcolemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LCCs) and the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the ryanodine receptors (RyRs). However, we recently found that β2AR stimulation meditates ‘offside compartmentalization’, confining β1AR signalling into subsarcolemmal nanodomains without reaching SR proteins. In the present study, we aim to investigate the new question, whether and how compartmentalized β1AR signalling regulates cardiac E-C coupling.

Methods and results
By combining confocal Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp techniques, we investigated the effects of compartmentalized βAR signalling on E-C coupling at both cellular and molecular levels. We found that simultaneous activation of β2 and β1ARs, in contrast to global signalling of β1ARs, modulated neither the amplitude and spatiotemporal properties of Ca2+ sparks nor the kinetics of the RyR response to LCC Ca2+ sparklets. Nevertheless, by up-regulating LCC current, compartmentalized β1AR signalling synchronized RyR Ca2+ release and increased the functional reserve (stability margin) of E-C coupling. In circumstances of briefer excitation durations or lower RyR responsivity, compartmentalized βAR signalling, by increasing the intensity of Ca2+ triggers, helped stabilize the performance of E-C coupling and enhanced the Ca2+ transient amplitude in failing heart cells.

Conclusion
Given that compartmentalized βAR signalling can be induced by stress-associated levels of catecholamines, our results revealed an important, yet unappreciated, heart regulation mechanism that is autoadaptive to varied stress conditions.
Impact of intrapulmonary-artery septation to pulmonary vein obstruction for two-lung Fontan
Authors: Ishidou Motonori , Ota Keisuke , Watanebe Kentaro , Koshiyama Hiroshi , Kanno Kazuyoshi , Ito Hiroki , Murata Masaya , Hirose Keiichi , Ikai Akio , Sakamoto Kisaburo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Patients with unbalanced pulmonary artery (PA) growth and decreased unilateral pulmonary circulation are considered unsuitable candidates for the Fontan procedure. Following our previous study on the utility of intrapulmonary-artery septation for patients with PA hypoplasia, we investigated its use in patients with pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO).

METHODS
We recruited 42 patients who underwent intrapulmonary-artery septation for unilateral PA hypoplasia and/or PVO between 1998 and 2018 and classified them into no PVO or PVO group. We analysed overall survival, success of the Fontan procedure and data from catheterization and echocardiography. In PVO, we evaluated the functional lung area before the Fontan procedure and the relevance of this parameter to operative outcomes.

RESULTS
The PVO and no-PVO group included 24 and 18 patients, respectively. One patient in the no-PVO and 6 patients in the PVO group died during follow-up; this difference was statistically significant (log-rank P = 0.040). In the no-PVO group, 15 (83%) patients achieved two-lung Fontan circulation. In the PVO group, 12 (50%) patients achieved two-lung Fontan circulation. Multivariate analysis revealed that functional lung area and shunt size [significantly larger in patients with functional lung area ≥50% in affected lung (P = 0.040)] were significant factors for successful two-lung Fontan procedure (P = 0.030).

CONCLUSIONS
Intrapulmonary-artery septation may contribute to increase functional lung area after PVO release to establish two-lung Fontan circulation in patients with PVO who have unbalanced PA growth and/or decreased unilateral pulmonary circulation.
Eight Million Years of Satellite DNA Evolution in Grasshoppers of the Genus Schistocerca Illuminate the Ins and Outs of the Library Hypothesis
Authors: Palacios-Gimenez Octavio M , Milani Diogo , Song Hojun , Marti Dardo A , López-León Maria D , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco J , Camacho Juan Pedro M , Cabral-de-Mello Diogo C 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSatellite DNA (satDNA) is an abundant class of tandemly repeated noncoding sequences, showing high rate of change in sequence, abundance, and physical location. However, the mechanisms promoting these changes are still controversial. The library model was put forward to explain the conservation of some satDNAs for long periods, predicting that related species share a common collection of satDNAs, which mostly experience quantitative changes. Here, we tested the library model by analyzing three satDNAs in ten species of Schistocerca grasshoppers. This group represents a valuable material because it diversified during the last 7.9 Myr across the American continent from the African desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria), and this thus illuminates the direction of evolutionary changes. By combining bioinformatic and cytogenetic, we tested whether these three satDNA families found in S. gregaria are also present in nine American species, and whether differential gains and/or losses have occurred in the lineages. We found that the three satDNAs are present in all species but display remarkable interspecies differences in their abundance and sequences while being highly consistent with genus phylogeny. The number of chromosomal loci where satDNA is present was also consistent with phylogeny for two satDNA families but not for the other. Our results suggest eminently chance events for satDNA evolution. Several evolutionary trends clearly imply either massive amplifications or contractions, thus closely fitting the library model prediction that changes are mostly quantitative. Finally, we found that satDNA amplifications or contractions may influence the evolution of monomer consensus sequences and by chance playing a major role in driftlike dynamics.