bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of seed and interlayer Pt thickness on spin-orbit torque efficiency in Co/Pt multilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Lim Gerard Joseph , Gan Weiliang , Lew Wen Siang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As-deposited [Co/Pt] multilayers show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and spin-orbit torque (SOT). However, such structures require properly textured Pt (111) seed layers and optimized interlayer Pt thicknesses in order to maximise both PMA and SOT efficiency. In this work, the interplay of seed and interlayer Pt thickness on PMA and SOT efficiency in Ta/Pt/[Co/Pt]3/Co/Ta multilayers was studied. Using the harmonic lock-in method, the SOT damping- and field-like efficiencies were determined, with corrections for current shunting as well as the planar Hall effect. Our measurements show that the corrected effective SOT efficiencies are at least twice as large as the uncorrected values, with damping-like efficiency of up to ∼22 Oe per 1010 A m−2, which scales inversely with the Pt seed and interlayer thicknesses due to screening of the spin current originating from the high-resistivity bottom

β

-Ta layer. The choice of Pt seed and interlayer thicknesses is a compromise between PMA and SOT efficiency of the device.
Spin splitted topological surface states in PbBi4Te7
Authors: Mal Priyanath , Das Bipul , Bera G , Rambabu P , Turpu G R , Tomy C V , Das Pradip 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The most important feature in topological insulators is the conducting surface states that support back scattered prohibited transport of charge carriers. We report weak antilocalization (WAL) effect in mm size thick PbBi4Te7 single crystal, the transport evidence of the absence of back scattering of the charge carriers. Temperature dependency of phase coherence length is determined from modified Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka (HLN) fitting of the WAL curves at different temperatures by considering electron–electron and electron–phonon interactions and the fitting parameters reveal two dimensional (2D) origin of the WAL effect, i.e. the presence of the topological surface states. Extracted Hikami pre-factor, α at different temperatures from the modified HLN fitting signifies that the top and bottom surface states in PbBi4Te7 are connected by bulk diffusive region. Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations corroborate the presence of two Fermi surfaces DC1 and DC2 (deep buried one inside other) and non-trivial nature of which are confirmed from the observed

1
2

-shift in Landau-levels fan diagram based on the SdH oscillations. Mobility (µ

SdH
) values are determined from the Dingle analysis and are quite above the bulk mobility (µ) estimated from the low field Hall data, ascertaining the surface origin of the SdH oscillations. Surface Landé g-factors are determined from the observed peak splitting in SdH oscillations, attributed to the Zeeman effect and are 4.412 and 3.26 for DC1 and DC2, respectively, and are the consequence of strong spin–orbit coupling of the surface Dirac Fermions.
Noninvasive real-time detection of cerebral blood perfusion in hemorrhagic shock rabbits based on whole-brain magnetic induction phase shift: an experimental study
Authors: Pan Wencai , Zhuang Wei , Chong Yinbao , Qin Mingxin , Li Yang , Xiao Jingjing , Wang Qing , Zhang Shihui , Zhao Shuanglin , Zhao Peng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to perform experiments to investigate the change trend in brain magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) during hemorrhagic shock of different degrees of severity and to find the correlation between brain MIPS value and commonly used physiological indicators for detecting shock so as to explore a noninvasive method suitable for prehospital real-time detection of cerebral blood perfusion in hemorrhagic shock. Approach: The self-developed MIPS detection system was used to monitor the brain MIPS value in the whole process of hemorrhagic shock models of rabbits with different degrees of severity (control, mild, moderate, and severe) of shock in real time. Meanwhile, common physiological parameters, including arterial blood lactate (ABL), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR),core body temperature (CBT), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and electroencephalogram (EEG), were also evaluated. Main results: The findings suggested that the brain MIPS value showed a downward trend in the shock process, and the decline degree of the MIPS value positively correlated with the severity of shock. Moreover, it showed a good detection and resolution ability in time/process and severity (P < 0.05). The MIPS values significantly correlated with ABL (P < 0.01), CBT (P < 0.01), and EEG (P < 0.05) at all four shock levels; with MAP (P < 0.05) and rCBF (P < 0.05) in the control, moderate, and severe groups; and with HR (P < 0.01) only in the severe group. Significance: The results demonstrated that the brain MIPS value has the capability of detecting hemorrhagic shock. The MIPS technique is a noninvasive method suitable for prehospital real-time detection of cerebral blood perfusion in hemorrhagic shock.
Limitation of simple np-n tunnel junction based LEDs grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Robin Y , Bournet Q , Avit G , Pristovsek M , André Y , Trassoudaine A , Amano H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We show evidence that tunnel junctions (TJs) in GaN grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy are dominated by defect level-assisted tunneling. This is in contrast with the common belief that highly doped layers (>1020 cm−3) are required to narrow the TJ space charge region and promote the band-to-band tunneling. Our conclusion stems from the study and the review of the major doping limitations of carefully optimized p++ and n++ layers. The secondary ions mass spectroscopy profiles of GaN based TJ LEDs show a strong oxygen concentration located close to the p++/n++ interface, typical for three dimensional growth. In addition, considering the doping limitation asymmetry and Mg carry-over, our simulations indicate a depletion region of more than 10 nm which is buried in a rough and defective n++ layer. However, decent electrical characteristics of the studied TJ based LEDs are obtained, with a low penalty voltage of 1.1 V and a specific differential resistance of about 10–2 Ω.cm2 at 20 mA. This indicates that a common TJ could be greatly optimized by using a moderate doping (∼1019 cm−3) while intentionally introducing local defects within the TJ.
Effect of N-type doping and vacancy formation on the thermodynamic, electrical, structural, and bonding properties of Si: X. (X = P, As, and Sb): a theoretical study
Authors: Lee Minhyeong , Lee Kiseok , Ko Dae-Hong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We investigated the effect of n-type doping and vacancy formation on the thermodynamic, electrical, structural, and bonding properties of Si:X (X = P, As, and Sb) using first-principles calculations. Density functional theory calculations show that the lattice parameter of Si1 − y
P
y
decreases with higher P concentrations due to the incorporation of smaller P atoms, while that of Si1 − y
As
y
and Si1 − y
Sb
y
increases with higher As and Sb concentrations. Moreover, both local density functional approximation and GGAgeneralized gradient approximation –Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof functionals demonstrate that donor-vacancy complex (X4V) is the most energetically favorable structure for Si:X for all n-type dopants. With most energetically favorable structure (P4V), the effect of the vacancy formation on the lattice parameter is greatly reduced, and thus the lattice parameters of P4 and P4V are similar. However, in case of As- and Sb-doped Si, we found that the relaxed lattice parameter in the form of As
n
and Sb
n
is not strongly influenced by the environment around V. For all n-type dopants, the relaxed lattice parameter is same, regardless of the dopant distribution such as random alloys or X
n
. Both bond length and angle in X4V decrease compared to those of X4 due to the greater electron repulsions caused by one lone pair of two electrons in the nonbonding region. Direct observation of the lone electron pair in P4V, As4V, and Sb4V using ELF shows that the vacancy plays a critical role in determining the structural and electrical properties of Si materials doped with n-type dopants. Theoretical findings in this study help to understand and predict the materials properties of Si doped with n-type atoms in fundamental researches as well as in industrial applications.
Signatures of discrete time crystalline order in dissipative spin ensembles
Authors: O’Sullivan James , Lunt Oliver , Zollitsch Christoph W , Thewalt M L W , Morton John J L , Pal Arijeet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Discrete time-translational symmetry in a periodically driven many-body system can be spontaneously broken to form a discrete time crystal, an exotic new phase of matter. We present observations characteristic of discrete time crystalline order in a driven system of paramagnetic P-donor impurities in isotopically enriched 28Si cooled below 10 K. The observations exhibit a stable subharmonic peak at half the drive frequency which remains pinned even in the presence of pulse error, a signature of discrete time crystalline order. This signal has a finite lifetime of ∼100 Floquet periods, but this effect is long-lived relative to coherent spin–spin interaction timescales, lasting ∼104 times longer. We present simulations of the system based on the paradigmatic central spin model and show good agreement with experiment. We investigate the role of dissipation and interactions within this model, and show that both are capable of giving rise to discrete time crystal-like behaviour.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Shallots (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum)
Authors: Arfandywangsa  , Wulandani Dyah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the thermal and physical properties of shallot (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum). The thermal and physical properties are density, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity. The methods of determining density, heat conductivity, and specific heat, were using the Archimedes principle, the transient method with probe and the mixture method, respectively. Thermal diffusivity was determined by numerical analysis of the cooling temperature of shallot. Mathematical equations of these physical and thermal properties at various water contents have been obtained from the results of this study. Based on the results of measurements, it was obtained the value of the apparent density of shallots of 929.67 kg/m3 and the bulk density of shallots 767.2 kg/m3. The value of thermal conductivity of shallot leaves ranged from 0.529 W m−1 K−1 to 0.758 W m−1 K−1, and the thermal conductivity of shallot bulbs was 0.841 W m−1 K−1 to 0.991 W m−1 K−1. The specific heat was 3530.5 J g−1 °C. Based on the numerical analysis of Fourier series of cooling temperature data, the thermal diffusivity value of shallots of 4.868 × 10−8 m2/s was obtained.
Estimation of main chemical content of nutmeg oleoresin by using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Budiastra I W , Purwanto Y Aris , Fadillah R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Determination of the main chemical content of nutmeg oleoresin is usually carried out by the GCMS method that time-consuming and expensive. It is required a faster and cheaper method for the determination of chemical contents of nutmeg oleoresin. The purpose of this study was to estimate the main chemical composition of Banda nutmeg oleoresin by NIR Spectroscopy. Transflectance of nutmeg oleoresin were measured by the NIR spectrometer. The samples were then subjected to composition analysis using GCMS. The transflectance spectra were processed using some data pretreatments, and the calibration between transflectance and chemical composition were carried out by using Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principle Component Regression (PCR) method. The best estimation for myristicin by NIRS was obtained using original spectra and 3 factors of PLS ( r=0.95, SEC=1.56%, SEP=1.71%, CV=10.18%, RPD = 2.60, and consistency of 91%). The best estimation by NIRS for myristic acid was also obtained using original spectra and 5 factors of PLS ( r=0.95, SEC=3.94%, SEP=3.82%, CV=32.47%, RPD = 2.75, and consistency of 103%). Whereas for safrole was obtained by using data pre-treatment of de-trending and 7 factors of PLS (r = 0.98, SEC=0.08%, SEP = 0.10%, CV =10.87%, RPD = 3.82, and consistency of 82%).
Feasibility analysis of substituting gutters in NFT system network for horticulture production with corrugated roof sheet
Authors: Pertiwi Setyo , Prastya Andika 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hydroponic cultivation with nutrient film technique (NFT) is an alternative solution for problems in horticulture production, especially those related with land limitations and climate problems. However, high investment requirements often become obstacles in applying the technique. This paper discusses the feasibility analysis of substituting the commonly used gutters in NFT system network for horticulture production with corrugated roof sheet, i.e. tarpaulin-covered corrugated asbestos roof sheet. The technical feasibility analysis was carried out based on a number of parameters, i.e. the uniformity of nutrients solution flow rate at the inlet and outlet, the uniformity of nutrients solution depth in the NFT network, the uniformity of nutrients solution concentration in the network, and the uniformity of produced plant weights. Meanwhile the financial feasibility analysis was carried out by Net Present Value (NPV) analysis, Net B/C analysis, and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analysis of horticulture production. The results of the analysis were compared with those of NFT network system using gutters. The results indicated that uniformity of flow rate, the uniformity of nutrients solution concentration in terms of electrical conductivity and degrees of acidity, the uniformity of depth of flow and plant weight were close to 90%. This means that the proposed hydroponic technique can be applied. Using assumptions derived from productivity of tested horticulture commodities and the actual market prices of inputs as well as output, hydroponic techniques with NFT networks using tarpaulin-covered corrugated asbestos roof sheet was also financially feasible.
Study of the physical properties of liquid smoke from cocoa rind on moisture content and different pyrolysis temperature
Authors: Ketut Budaraga I , Putra Dian Pramana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cocoa is one of the flagship commodity of West Sumatera from plantation sector. Cocoa skin waste is still little in utilization. One of the utilization of cocoa fruit skin is made raw material for liquid smoke making. The purpose of this research is to know the physical properties of liquid smoke of cocoa fruit skin with different levels of water content of raw materials and the temperature of pyrolysis differently. This research has been conducted in April – May 2019. The results showed that the liquid smoke of the cocoa fruit skin at different levels of water and the temperature of pyrolysis resulted in a brownish-yellow liquid smoke color and no turbidity. The liquid smoke color is calculated based on Hue degree values. Water content of 10% at 200, 300 and 400°C temperature obtained 4.3374; 4.2635 and 4, 2169 °Hue. Water content of 15% at 200, 300 and 400°C temperature obtained 4.3878; 4.3561 and 4, 3342 °Hue. Moisture content of 20% at temperatures 200, 300 and 400°C obtained 4.4776; 4.4537 and 4, 3342oHue. Water content of 25% at 200, 300 and 400°C temperature obtained 4.5730; 4.5134 and 4, 4829°Hue. The analysis of liquid smoke type weights are generally above the water. The weight of 10% cocoa water content in the temperature of 200, 300 and 400°C obtained 1.000963; 1.000953 dan1,00148. The weight of the cocoa content type is 15% at a temperature of 200, 300 and 400°C obtained 1.001401; 1.001677 and 1.002753. The weight of the type of cocoa skin moisture content is 20% at 200, 300 and 400°C obtained 1.004195; 1.004629 and 1,004754. The weight of the type of cocoa skin moisture content is 25% at 200, 300 and 400°C obtained 1.004288; 1.004735 and 1.005341.
Implementation of crop growth monitoring system based on depth perception using stereo camera in plant factory
Authors: Nugroho A P , Fadilah M A N , Wiratmoko A , Azis Y A , Efendi A W , Sutiarso L , Okayasu T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The plant factory is extensive cultivation to produce a high quality of vegetables under a controllable environment. The concept of Precision Agriculture (PA) was introduced to improve the plant factory production by the implementation of a crop growth monitoring system. Crop growth can be estimated by monitoring of crop height and canopy foliage by the use of computer vision technology. In our previous study, we have introduced a plant height monitoring system based on depth perception using a stereo camera. However, the validity of the various type of leave is necessary to be tested. The objective of this study was to implement the crop growth monitoring system to monitor plant development with various type of leave for system validation and evaluation. The crop growth monitoring system composed of a stereo camera implementing the depth perception for estimating the distance from camera to highest point in the crop. The implementation of the system with various types of leaves and characteristics has been conducted for (a) Samhon, (b) Lettuce, and (c) Pagoda. The developed crop growth monitoring system could perform the time series estimation of crop height with a maximum error of RMSE 0.875 cm on Pagoda, and MAPE of 5.56% on Lettuce. The system demonstrates better estimation on Samhong with minimum error RMSE of 0.408cm and 2.27 % of MAPE. Overall validation for the estimated height vs actual measurement indicates that the coefficient of determination higher than 0.7 means that it has substantial features for estimating the plant height.
Problems of Conservation of Biodiversity of Relict Oak Groves of the Boreal Zone of the South Urals
Authors: Getmanets I A , Serebrennikova Yu A , Levchenko P V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An assessment of the phytodiversity of oak groves in the forest zone and forest-steppe of the Urals is presented. Ecological-coenotic analysis of the vegetation cover was carried out, as well as the structure of tree coenopopulations using the express method was evaluated. The categories of the status of individuals of the edificator Quercus robur L. are determined, its allelopathic properties are studied. Assessment of the ecological state of the communities revealed the prospects for their development and the need to preserve relict oak groves.
The Subgrouping Structure of Newborns with Heterogenous Brain–Behavior Relationships
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Shuxin , Salzwedel Andrew , Stephens Rebecca , Cornea Emil , Goldman Barbara D , Gilmore John H , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The presence of heterogeneity/subgroups in infants and older populations against single-domain brain or behavioral measures has been previously characterized. However, few attempts have been made to explore heterogeneity at the brain–behavior relationship level. Such a hypothesis posits that different subgroups of infants may possess qualitatively different brain–behavior relationships that could ultimately contribute to divergent developmental outcomes even with relatively similar brain phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to explore such relationship-level heterogeneity and delineate the subgrouping structure of newborns with differential brain–behavior associations based on a typically developing sample of 81 infants with 3-week resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and 4-year intelligence quotient (IQ) measures. Our results not only confirmed the existence of relationship-level heterogeneity in newborns but also revealed divergent developmental outcomes associated with two subgroups showing similar brain functional connectivity but contrasting brain–behavior relationships. Importantly, further analyses unveiled an intriguing pattern that the subgroup with higher 4-year IQ outcomes possessed brain–behavior relationships that were congruent to their functional connectivity pattern in neonates while the subgroup with lower 4-year IQ not, providing potential explanations for the observed IQ differences. The characterization of heterogeneity at the brain–behavior relationship level may not only improve our understanding of the patterned intersubject variability during infancy but could also pave the way for future development of heterogeneity-inspired, personalized, subgroup-specific models for better prediction.
AVIFAVIR for Treatment of Patients With Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interim Results of a Phase II/III Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ivashchenko Andrey A , Dmitriev Kirill A , Vostokova Natalia V , Azarova Valeria N , Blinow Andrew A , Egorova Alina N , Gordeev Ivan G , Ilin Alexey P , Karapetian Ruben N , Kravchenko Dmitry V , Lomakin Nikita V , Merkulova Elena A , Papazova Natalia A , Pavlikova Elena P , Savchuk Nikolay P , Simakina Elena N , Sitdekov Tagir A , Smolyarchuk Elena A , Tikhomolova Elena G , Yakubova Elena V , Ivachtchenko Alexandre V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In May 2020 the Russian Ministry of Health granted fast-track marketing authorization to RNA polymerase inhibitor AVIFAVIR (favipiravir) for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In the pilot stage of Phase II/III clinical trial, AVIFAVIR enabled SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance in 62.5% of patients within 4 days, and was safe and well-tolerated.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04434248.
A Positive Relationship Between Sign Language Comprehension and Mental Rotation Abilities
Authors: Kubicek Emily , Quandt Lorna C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Past work investigating spatial cognition suggests better mental rotation abilities for those who are fluent in a signed language. However, no prior work has assessed whether fluency is needed to achieve this performance benefit or what it may look like on the neurobiological level. We conducted an electroencephalography experiment and assessed accuracy on a classic mental rotation task given to deaf fluent signers, hearing fluent signers, hearing non-fluent signers, and hearing non-signers. Two of the main findings of the study are as follows: (1) Sign language comprehension and mental rotation abilities are positively correlated and (2) Behavioral performance differences between signers and non-signers are not clearly reflected in brain activity typically associated with mental rotation. In addition, we propose that the robust impact sign language appears to have on mental rotation abilities strongly suggests that “sign language use” should be added to future measures of spatial experiences.