bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio del proceso de evaporación en el Salar Tres Quebradas por medio de medidas in situ y datos de satélite
Authors: Carmona F. , Rivas R. , Faramiñán A.M.G. , Mancino C. , Bayala M. , Perez W. 
Published: December 2019

<p>The calculation of evaporation (<em>Ev</em>) is a fundamental process on the planning of investment for nonmetallic mining in salt flats. Dispose to reliable estimates of evaporation allows to reduce one of the main uncertainties of the flow models in this type of basin. This paper focuses on the calculation of <em>Ev</em> in the Tres Quebradas salt flat, Catamarca (Argentina), applying Priestley-Taylor model whit satellite data. Study area comprises the Tres Quebradas and Verde lagoons, and a central evaporite zone. Satellite data (CERES and OLI-LandSat 8), meteorological information, brine density measurements, evaporation measurements, and spectral signatures to calculations were used. The lagoons evaporation was estimated and by means of a Class A evaporation pan validated. The evaporation control in evaporite zones also was studied using a phreatic level function. <em>Ev</em> values of 1302 mm year<sup>–1</sup> and 1249 mm year<sup>–1</sup> for the Tres Quebradas and Verde lagoons were obtained, respectively, similar to Class A evaporation pan values measured. In the case of evaporite zones, an average annual value of 152 mm year<sup>–1</sup> was estimated, regulated by the phreatic level. In summary, an average annual of system water loss by evaporation of 1.31±0.32 m<sup>3</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> was obtained, where more than 80% corresponds to the Tres Quebradas and Verde lagoons, and the rest to the central evaporite zone. The results achieved are consistent and will be used as input data in the numerical flow modeling to the estimation of the lithium brine reserve of the salt flats.</p>
On being ‘good sad’ and other conundrums: mapping emotion in post sentencing restorative justice
Authors: Bruce Jasmine , Bolitho Jane 
Published: December 2019

On being ‘good sad’ and other conundrums: mapping emotion in post sentencing restorative justice
Advocates of restorative justice argue the process offers significant benefits for participants after crime including emotional restoration. Critics point to concerns including the potential for victims to be re-victimised and offenders to be verbally abused by victims. Whether or not restorative justice should be made more widely available in cases of severe violence remains controversial. Drawing from 40 in-depth interviews with victims and offenders, across 23 completed cases concerning post-sentencing matters for adults following severe crime, we map the sequence of emotion felt by victims and offenders at four points in time: before, during and after the conference (both immediately and five years later). The findings provide insight into what emotions are felt and how they are perceived across time. We discuss the role of emotion in cases of violent crime and offer a fresh perspective on what emotional restoration actually means within effective conference processes at the post-sentencing stage.
The shame of injustice: the ethics of victimology and what it means for restorative justice
Authors: Pemberton Antony 
Published: December 2019

The shame of injustice: the ethics of victimology and what it means for restorative justice
The role of shame in restorative justice has a long pedigree. Most often shame has been conceptualised in terms of the act of the offender. The focus of this paper is instead on the shame of the person experiencing wrongdoing: a victim who is neither guilty nor responsible for the experience. This has the advantage of making more clear that shame fundamentally concerns an experience of ‘who I am’ rather than ‘what I have done’, while the reaction to the experience of shame in victimization should involve attention to the identity-related questions that are posed by this experience. This way of viewing shame is connected to the distinction between countering injustice and doing justice, and offers a number of fresh insights into victimological phenomena in restorative justice and restorative justice more generally.
De handhaving van Amerikaans sanctierecht
Authors: Amar Y. , Bennink S. 
Published: December 2019

De handhaving van Amerikaans sanctierecht
Dit artikel beschrijft de effectiviteit van het Amerikaanse sanctierecht en de gevolgen daarvan voor de rechtsontwikkeling en wereldwijde sanctiecompliance. Amerikaans sanctierecht kent een vergaande extraterritoriale werking. De handhaving daarvan loopt voorop in de wereld. Deze vindt plaats middels een combinatie van hoge boetes en boeteverlaging bij vrijwillige inkeer. Dit maakt het Amerikaanse sanctierecht uiterst effectief, maar het heeft ook evidente negatieve aspecten. Dit artikel gaat op beide aspecten in.
Het zwijgrecht van de rechtspersoon: effectief in te zetten?
Authors: de Witte E. 
Published: December 2019

Het zwijgrecht van de rechtspersoon: effectief in te zetten?
Naast een natuurlijk persoon, kan ook een rechtspersoon als verdachte worden aangemerkt. Iedere verdachte, dus ook een rechtspersoon, kan gebruikmaken van het hem toekomende zwijgrecht. Voor de opsporingsfase is echter niet wettelijk geregeld welke natuurlijke persoon het zwijgrecht van de rechtspersoon feitelijk kan inroepen.Het horen van bestuurders en overige (ex-)werknemers als bijvoorbeeld getuige of (mede)verdachte in het strafrechtelijk onderzoek naar de verdachte rechtspersoon, kan de rechtspersoon ernstig benadelen in het effectief kunnen uitoefenen van het hem toekomende zwijgrecht.
Naschrift bij ‘De kosten van rechtsbijstand ex artikel 591a Sv in perspectief’
Authors: Schreuders D. 
Published: December 2019

Naschrift bij ‘De kosten van rechtsbijstand ex artikel 591a Sv in perspectief’
In haar Trending Topics-artikel ‘De kosten van rechtsbijstand ex artikel 591a Sv in perspectief’ van het laatste nummer van dit tijdschrift, gaat I.M. Koopmans in op twee aspecten rond de regeling van een vergoeding van gemaakte advocaatkosten nadat de zaak – kort gezegd – niet in een veroordeling is geëindigd, die in haar visie enige reflectie verdienen: de aard en de hoogte van door de rechter toegekende bedragen. Dit naschrift dient ter reactie op deze bijdrage.
PLASMA PARAMETERS AND COMPOSITION IN CF4 + O2 + Ar AND CHF3 + O2 +Ar IN REACTIVE ION ETCHING PROCESSES
Authors: Efremov Alexander M. , Sobolev Alexander M. , Betelin Vladimir B. , Kwon Kwang-Ho 
Published: December 2019

The comparative analysis of both CF4+O2+Ar and CHF3+O2+Ar plasma systems under the typical conditions of reactive ion etching of silicon and silicon-based compounds was carried out. The data on internal plasma parameters, plasma chemistry as well as the steady-state plasma composition were obtained using a description of Langmuir probe diagnostics and 0-dimensional (global) plasma modeling. As a presented in the literature, both experimental and modeling procedures were carried out at constant total gas pressure, input power, bias power. The obtained results allowed one 1) to figure out the influence of oxygen on steady-state densities of plasma active species through the kinetics of both electron-impact and atom-molecular reactions; 2) to understand the features of fluorine atoms and fluorocarbon radicals kinetics which determine chemical activity and polymerization ability of plasmas in respect to treated surfaces; 3) to perform the model-bases analysis of heterogeneous process kinetics (etching, polymerization, polymer destruction) which determine the overall etching regime and output parameters. It was found that the substitution of argon for oxygen in both gas mixtures 1) results in monotonic increase in fluorine atom density; 2) is accompanied by decreasing polymerization ability of a gas phase and 3) causes the rapid (by about two orders of magnitude at ~ 20% О2) decrease in fluorocarbon polymer film thickness with the higher values for CHF3+O2+Ar system.
An Attempt at the Automation of the Routing of Mountain Forest Roads with the Use of GIS Spatial Analyses
Authors: Gołąb Janusz , Pirowski Tomasz 
Published: December 2019

The routing of road corridors in the project of a forest road network in the mountains, along with defining the functions of these roads, is the most important activity in the entire task. It must be preceded by a detailed inventory consisting of many factors characterising the analysed transport area, including economic, technical or environmental factors. This study presents an attempt at the semi-automatic routing of road corridors with the use of GIS technology. The original multi-stage methodology proposed by the present authors is based on raster analyses of the Digital Terrain Model at a resolution of 1 m. The initial stage consists in a preliminary outline of the road network being designed, which is performed by an experienced designer on a contour map. Due to the complicated terrain in mountain areas, the pre-determined road sections are divided into sections for which a generalised direction in the form of a straight line can be indicated. On the basis of the azimuths of these particular direction lines, “targeted” terrain inclinations are calculated for each section separately, which help in decisions concerning the location of the planned road sections. The results obtained indicate the key role of the initial concept of the designed road network, as outlined by the expert, and based on the expert’s professional experience. The problem lies in strongly varied terrain, which forces the designer to use short sections of corridors. This, in turn, significantly increases the amount of work. Good effects of road routing automation can be obtained in areas where land relief is complicated. The designed locations of road sections must be finally verified in terms of terrain inclination along the designated lines, which is essential for the possibility of subsequent detailed design, construction and use of road sections.
Evaluation of Microfluidic Ceiling Designs for the Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells on a Microarray Platform
Authors: Liu Hui‐Yu , Koch Claudia , Haller Anna , Joosse Simon A. , Kumar Ravi , Vellekoop Michael J. , Horst Ludwig J. , Keller Laura , Babayan Anna , Failla Antonio Virgilio , Jensen Jana , Peine Sven , Keplinger Franz , Fuchs Harald , Pantel Klaus , Hirtz Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is still a challenging application for microfluidic chips, as these cells are rare and hidden in a huge background of blood cells. Here, different microfluidic ceiling designs in regard to their capture efficiency for CTCs in model experiments and more realistic conditions of blood samples spiked with a clinically relevant amount of tumor cells are evaluated. An optimized design for the capture platform that allows highly efficient recovery of CTCs from size‐based pre‐enriched samples under realistic conditions is obtained. Furthermore, the viability of captured tumor cells as well as single cell recovery for downstream genomic analysis is demonstrated. Additionally, the authors' findings underline the importance of evaluating rational design rules for microfluidic devices based on theoretical models by application‐specific experiments.
Directed Emission from Self‐Assembled Microhelices
Authors: Helmbrecht Lukas , Tan Melissa , Röhrich Ruslan , Bistervels Marloes H. , Kessels Bruno Ortiz , Koenderink A. Femius , Kahr Bart , Noorduin Willem L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBottom‐up assembly can organize simple building blocks into complex architectures for light manipulation. The optical properties of self‐assembled polycrystalline barium carbonate/silica double helices are studied using fluorescent Fourier and Mueller matrix microscopy. Helices doped with fluorescein direct light emission along the long axis of the structure. Furthermore, light transmission measured normal and parallel to the long axis exhibits twist sense‐specific circular retardance and waveguiding, respectively, although the measurements suffer from depolarization. The helices thus integrate highly directional emission with enantiomorph‐specific polarization. This optical response emerges from the arrangement of nanoscopic mineral crystallites in the microscopic helix, and demonstrates how bottom‐up assembly can achieve ordering across multiple length scales to form complex functional materials.
Solvation‐Involved Nanoionics: New Opportunities from 2D Nanomaterial Laminar Membranes
Authors: Zhan Hualin , Xiong Zhiyuan , Cheng Chi , Liang Qinghua , Liu Jefferson Zhe , Li Dan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanoporous laminar membranes composed of multilayered 2D nanomaterials (2D‐NLMs) are increasingly being exploited as a unique material platform for understanding solvated ion transport under nanoconfinement and exploring novel nanoionics‐related applications, such as ion sieving, energy storage and harvesting, and in other new ionic devices. Here, the fundamentals of solvation‐involved nanoionics in terms of ionic interactions and their effect on ionic transport behaviors are discussed. This is followed by a summary of key requirements for materials that are being used for solvation‐involved nanoionics research, culminating in a demonstration of unique features of 2D‐NLMs. Selected examples of using 2D‐NLMs to address the key scientific problems related to nanoconfined ion transport and storage are then presented to demonstrate their enormous potential and capabilities for nanoionics research and applications. To conclude, a personal perspective on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field is presented.
Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide‐Guided Directional Growth of Planar Lithium Layers
Authors: Li Nan , Zhang Kun , Xie Keyu , Wei Wenfei , Gao Yong , Bai Maohui , Gao Yuliang , Hou Qian , Shen Chao , Xia Zhenhai , Wei Bingqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRechargeable lithium (Li) metal batteries hold great promise for revolutionizing current energy‐storage technologies. However, the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites impedes the service of Li anodes in high energy and safety batteries. There are numerous studies on Li anodes, yet little attention has been paid to the intrinsic electrocrystallization characteristics of Li metal and their underlying mechanisms. Herein, a guided growth of planar Li layers, instead of random Li dendrites, is achieved on self‐assembled reduced graphene oxide (rGO). In situ optical observation is performed to monitor the morphology evolution of such a planar Li layer. Moreover, the underlying mechanism during electrodeposition/stripping is revealed using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The combined experiment and simulation results show that when Li atoms are deposited on rGO, each layer of Li atoms grows along (110) crystallographic plane of the Li crystals because of the fine in‐plane lattice matching between Li and the rGO substrate, resulting in planar Li deposition. With this specific topographic characteristic, a highly flexible lithium–sulfur (Li–S) full cell with rGO‐guided planar Li layers as the anode exhibits stable cycling performance and high specific energy and power densities. This work enriches the fundamental understanding of Li electrocrystallization without dendrites and provides guidance for practical applications.
Atomic Scale Understanding of the Epitaxy of Perovskite Oxides on Flexible Mica Substrate
Authors: Lu Lu , Dai Yanzhu , Du Hongchu , Liu Ming , Wu Jingying , Zhang Yong , Liang Zhongshuai , Raza Subhan , Wang Dawei , Jia Chun‐Lin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe excellent functionalities of perovskite oxides and the growing demands for flexible devices lead to great interests on epitaxial growth of functional oxide films on flexible mica substrates. Understanding the film epitaxy on the substrate with a very different crystal structure is a key issue for the optimization of the film growth and hence properties. Such understanding largely depends on knowing the atomic structure of the interfaces between the films and the substrates. Here, the interface between the epitaxial films of SrTiO3 on the fluorophlogopite mica substrate is studied in detail. Two types of interfaces, clean or with secondary phase, exist in this system, leading to two types of crystallographic orientation relationships. Atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images reveal that at the clean interface the (111) Sr–O3 atomic plane of SrTiO3 interacts with the (001) (SiAl)2–O3 plane of mica. This interface structure and thus the epitaxy of the film are understood in light of the strong similarity of the oxygen sublattices in these two atomic planes. First‐principles calculations demonstrate strong bonding of the atoms at the interface, which is also corroborated by the observation of misfit dislocations at the interfaces.
Coating‐Sheddable CD44‐Targeted Poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) Nanomedicines Fabricated by Using Photoclick‐Crosslinkable Surfactant
Authors: Li Shuai , Qiu Min , Guo Jiakun , Zhao Xiaofei , Zhong Zhiyuan , Deng Chao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPoly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA)‐based nanotherapeutics are intensively employed for the treatment of various diseases, though they frequently suffer from stability, selectivity, and drug release problems. Here, a facile fabrication of coating‐sheddable CD44‐targeted PLGA nanoparticles using photoclick‐crosslinkable hyaluronic acid‐graft‐tetrazole (HA‐g‐Tet) as a surfactant followed by photoclick reaction with l‐cystine dimethacrylamide (MA‐Cys‐MA) (X‐PHS@NPs) for targeted delivery of docetaxel (DTX) to breast tumors in vivo is reported. X‐PHS@NPs exhibit strong blue fluorescence and a size of 109 nm. DTX‐loaded X‐PHS@NPs (DTX‐X‐PHS@NPs), while stable at physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C), release about 76.6% DTX under 10 m glutathione conditions. DTX‐X‐PHS@NPs are potent toward CD44‐overexpressing MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells with a low IC50 of 0.27 µg mL−1. Interestingly, X‐PHS@NPs reveal excellent tumor penetration ability and DTX‐X‐PHS@NPs induce significantly more effective inhibition of MCF‐7 human breast tumors in nude mice than free DTX. These coating‐sheddable CD44‐targeted PLGA nanoparticles provide an interesting platform for cancer chemotherapy.
Long Cycle Life Organic Polysulfide Catholyte for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Dan‐Yang , Si Yubing , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrganic compounds with active sites for lithiation can be used as electrode materials for lithium batteries. Their tunable structures allow a variety of materials to be made and investigated. Herein, a spectrum of dipyridyl polysulfides (Py2Sx, 3 ≤ x ≤ 8) is prepared in electrolyte by a one‐pot synthesis method from dipyridyl disulfide (Py2S2) and elemental sulfur. It renders up to seven dipyridyl polysulfides (i.e., Py2S3, Py2S4, Py2S5, Py2S6, Py2S7, and Py2S8) which show fully reversible electrochemical behavior in lithium batteries. In the discharge, the initial lithiation occurs at 2.45 V leading to the breakage of SαSβ bonds in Py2Sx and formation of lithium 2‐pyridinethiolate, in which lithium is coordinated in between N and S atoms. The left sulfur species act as elemental sulfur, showing two voltage plateaus at 2.3 and 2.1 V. The molecular dynamics simulations show the attraction between pyridyl groups and lithium polysulfides/sulfide via N···Li···S bonds, which enable good retention of soluble discharge products within electrodes and stable cycling performance. In the recharge, low‐order Py2Sx (e.g., Py2S3, Py2S4, and Py2S5) remain as the charged products. The mixture catholyte exhibits superlong cycle life at 1C rate with 1200 cycles and 70.5% capacity retention.
Conformal Cu Coating on Electrospun Nanofibers for 3D Electro‐Conductive Networks
Authors: Jiang Fuze , Ju Wenbo , Pan Zhengyuan , Lin Luchan , Yue Yang , Zhao Yi‐Bo , Li Congju , Clemens Frank , Battaglia Corsin , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectro‐conductive nanofiber networks have potential applications as gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) operating at solid–liquid–gas three‐phase interfaces. Flexible GDEs are developed, based on a versatile method of conformally coating a Cu layer on membranes consisting of stacked electrospun nonconductive polymer nanofibers. The Cu coating, comprising fine‐grained Cu crystals, has an average thickness of circa 50 nm and a root‐mean‐square roughness of circa 5.3 nm, maintaining the topography of polymer nanofibers. For nanofiber membranes with a thickness ranging in a few micrometers, the conformal Cu layer coats all nanofibers in the outermost layers as well as in the bulk of the membrane. All demonstrated Cu‐coated nanofiber networks have sheet resistance <2.4 Ω◽, and gas permeability in the order of 10−13 to 10−15 m2, which are comparable to some commercialized carbon based micro‐/nanofiber GDEs. Particularly, these conductive nanofiber networks have excellent bending durability, with negligible conductivity degradation after 10 000 bending test cycles. The high conductivity, gas permeability, and flexibility of these 3D nanofiber networks allow for applications as GDEs into various flexible electrochemical devices.
Two‐in‐one method: Novel pancreaticojejunostomy technique for the bifid pancreas
Authors: Ishida Jun , Toyama Hirochika , Tsugawa Daisuke , Kido Masahiro , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe bifid pancreas is a rare anatomical variation of the pancreatic duct in which double main pancreatic ducts in the body and tail of the pancreas join at the pancreas head and drain through the major papilla. When pancreaticoduodenectomies are carried out on bifid pancreases, close attention must be paid to the reconstruction because of the possibility that there may be two pancreatic ducts that need to be reconstructed. We present a case of pancreaticoduodenectomy for the bifid pancreas and a novel technique named the ‘two‐in‐one’ method for double pancreatic duct to jejunum anastomosis. Using the two‐in‐one method, we anastomosed one jejunal hole to a double pancreatic duct. Pancreatic texture was normal and postoperative volumes of pancreatic juice from the two external pancreatic duct stents were 250 mL and 100 mL/day, respectively. Postoperative recovery went well although the patient needed a slightly longer hospital stay as a result of surgical site infection. This novel anastomotic technique was as simple to carry out as a normal pancreaticojejunostomy and may be useful for reconstruction of the bifid pancreas.