bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and clinical significance of prostatic involvement in men with febrile urinary tract infection: a prospective observational study
Authors: Arjunlal Thayyil Shahilal , Deepanjali Surendran , Manikandan Ramanitharan , Medha Rajappa 
Published: June 2020

Background: Frequent asymptomatic involvement of the prostate has been demonstrated in men with febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI). In view of this, men with fUTI are often given a longer duration of antibiotic treatment; however, evidence to support this is limited.Methods: We prospectively studied adult men with fUTI admitted under the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care hospital in southern India. fUTI was defined as fever of ≥38°C with at least one symptom/sign of UTI and pyuria, requiring hospitalization. We estimated serum total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at enrollment, one month and three months after treatment completion. We assessed prostatic volume by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and estimated the serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels at baseline and after three months.Results: We enrolled 64 men (median [IQR] age 53 [45-60] years); 50 patients completed follow-up. At baseline, the median (IQR) serum PSA level was 2.15 (1.18-3.02) ng/mL and median (IQR) serum hs-CRP level was 2.43 (2.28-2.58) mg/L. At three months, serum PSA levels decreased by ≥25% in 47 (94%) of 50 patients. The median (IQR) of prostatic volume was 25.4 (18.9-34) mL at baseline, and ≥10% decrease in prostatic volume was observed in 24 (48%) of 50 patients at three months. The change in the serum PSA levels did not correlate with clinical findings like prostatic tenderness or with prostatic volume changes. Further, serum PSA levels did not correlate with hs-CRP levels. On follow-up, seven patients had lower urinary tract symptoms; only one of them had recurrent fUTI. Conclusions: Asymptomatic prostatic involvement, although common in men with fUTI, does not seem to influence the treatment outcomes.
Mid-level health providers for primary healthcare: a rapid evidence synthesis
Authors: Moola Sandeep , Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Nambiar Devaki 
Published: June 2020

Background: Health care services, in many countries, are increasingly being provided by cadres not trained as physicians, but capable of performing several diagnostic and clinical functions. These substitute health workers are referred to as mid-level health providers (MLHPs). The health and wellness centres under India’s Comprehensive Primary Health Care programme have teams led by MLHPs who can aid doctors. The objective of this study was to rapidly synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of MLHPs for primary health care. Methods: The review team undertook a rapid overview of systematic reviews that compared MLHPs with doctors and different types of MLHPs involved in the delivery of health care were included, with a perspective on low- and middle-income countries, including India. Results: Seven systematic reviews were included in the final report. Mortality outcomes in relation to pregnancy and childbirth care services showed no significant differences in care provided by MLHPs when compared with doctors. Pregnancy care provided by midwives was found to slightly improve quality of care when compared to care delivered by doctors. The risk of failure or incomplete abortion for surgical abortion procedures provided by MLHPs was twice when compared to the procedures provided by doctors. Moderate to high certainty evidence showed that initiation and maintenance of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients by a nurse or clinical officer slightly reduced mortality. High certainty evidence showed that chronic disease management by non-medical prescribers reduced some important physiological measures when compared to medical prescribing by doctors. Conclusions: To date, this is the first rapid overview of evidence on MLHPs. Evidence suggests that MLHPs might be suitable to deliver quality care in certain areas of health and they may be relevant and feasible in countries like India. However, the roles and subsequent training and regulation of MLHPs might be different for different care domains.
How are countries planning for costs of nutrition data and information systems?
Authors: Manorat Renee , Rana Yashodhara , Borces Kyle , Becker Laura , Flory Augustin 
Published: June 2020

Background: The first Global Nutrition Report in 2014 called for a “data revolution” in nutrition, so that countries have the latest data to set priorities and monitor progress. Integral to this revolution is understanding how countries are investing in the data, systems and capacity required to support decision-making around nutrition, i.e. their nutrition data and information system (NDIS). Methods: For this reason, our team conducted a desk review of national nutrition plans for 58 Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) countries to better understand how countries are planning for and estimating the costs of their NDIS. Results: We found that of the SUN national nutrition plans that are publicly accessible, not all are costed and less than half of these have explicit data and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) sections. Of the 19 national plans that had costed data and M&E sections, our initial estimates show costs for data systems ranged from 0.1%-12.8% of total plan costs with limited information on data system components. Conclusions: There is an imminent need for more comprehensive and strategic approaches – including the planning for and financing of – NDIS in countries.
Dermestes peruvianus Laporte (Coleoptera, Dermestidae): primeiro registro para o Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Santos Wellington Emanuel dos , Alves Ana Claudia Firmino , Creão-Duarte Antonio José 
Published: June 2020

Dermestes peruvianus Laporte é uma espécie com registros na América do Sul para Peru, Bolívia, Chile, Argentina e Brasil (região Sudeste). Durante um levantamento da entomofauna associada a carcaças de porcos em uma área de Caatinga, em São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba, Brasil (7°28’19’’S; 36°53’40”W), nos meses de outubro de 2010 e fevereiro de 2011 foram coletados três espécimes de D. peruvianus, sendo o primeiro registro da espécie para o Nordeste do Brasil.
Dermestes peruvianus Laporte (Coleoptera, Dermestidae): First Record from Northeastern Brazil
Abstract. Dermestes peruvianus Laporte is a species with records in South America from Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Brazil (Southeastern region). During a survey of insect fauna associated with pig carcasses in an area of Caatinga, in São José dos Cordeiros, state of Paraíba, Brazil (7°28’19’’S; 36°53’40”W), in October 2010 and February 2011 were collected three specimens of D. peruvianus being the first record of the species to the Northeastern Brazil.
On-machine surface defect detection using light scattering and deep learning
Authors: Liu Mingyu , Fai Cheung Chi , Senin Nicola , Wang Shixiang , Su Rong , Leach Richard 
Published: June 2020

This paper presents an on-machine surface defect detection system using light scattering and deep learning. A supervised deep learning model is used to mine the information related to defects from light scattering patterns. A convolutional neural network is trained on a large dataset of scattering patterns that are predicted by a rigorous forward scattering model. The model is valid for any surface topography with homogeneous materials and has been verified by comparing with experimental data. Once the neural network is trained, it allows for fast, accurate, and robust defect detection. The system capability is validated on microstructured surfaces produced by ultraprecision diamond machining.
Palgrave Handbook of Musical Theatre Producers, Laura MacDonald and William A. Everett (eds) (2017)
Authors: Quinn Arianne Johnson 
Published: June 2020

Review of: Palgrave Handbook of Musical Theatre Producers, Laura MacDonald and William A. Everett (eds) (2017)
New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 577 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13744-029-7, h/bk, USD 239.00
Reduction of FFA in Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil via Esterification Reaction Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst: Experimental and Kinetics Study
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Ratna Dewi , Akbar Muhammad Hafizt , Widjanarko Dwi 
Published: June 2020

The rapid growth of the population and economy has boosted up the necessity of fuel and energy source. Until now, the world’s dependency on fossil fuel as the primary energy supply is still high. On the other hand, it has been known that the fossil-based oil and gas reserves are shrunk. Hence, it is urgent to develop alternative energy sources, which are renewable and environmentally friendly, to anticipate the energy insufficiency. Biodiesel is among the prospective renewable energy due to its advantages. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) is a type of biofuel which is derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. There are various vegetable oils that can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. However, non-edible oils are usually preferred to be selected as a biodiesel feedstock to evade the conflict between food and energy needs. Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil is a type of non-edible oil which is cheap and can be employed as biodiesel feedstock. However, this oil has high free fatty acid (FFA) content (8.89%). Thus, it cannot directly undergo transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel since the FFA will react with alkaline catalyst to produce soap. The FFA content in Kapok Randu seed oil needs to be decreased until it is lower than 2%. Hence, prior to transesterification reaction, esterification of Kapok Randu seed oil with methanol in the presence of acid catalyst should be conducted to decrease the FFA content. In this work, esterification reaction was performed in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The reactions were conducted at the molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:12 at the temperature of 40, 50, and 60 ℃ for 120 minutes. The optimum reaction conversion was 95.14%, achieved at the reaction temperature of 60 ℃. Kinetics study using homogeneous models was also performed. It was revealed that the reaction was appropriate with the irreversible second order reaction model. The reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), and frequency factor (A) were 4.95 L / mole.min, 30,799.21 J/ mole and 338.744 / min, respectively.
Performance of EU-TIRADS in malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis
Authors: Castellana Marco , Grani Giorgio , Radzina Maija , Guerra Vito , Giovanella Luca , Deandrea Maurilio , Ngu Rose , Durante Cosimo , Trimboli Pierpaolo 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Several thyroid imaging reporting and data systems (TIRADS) have been proposed to stratify the malignancy risk of thyroid nodule by ultrasound. The TIRADS by the European Thyroid Association, namely EU-TIRADS, was the last one to be published.

Design:
We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of malignancy in each EU-TIRADS class and the performance of EU-TIRADS class 5 vs 2, 3 and 4 in detecting malignant lesions.

Methods:
Four databases were searched until December 2019. Original articles reporting the performance of EU-TIRADS and adopting histology as reference standard were included. The number of malignant nodules in each class and the number of nodules classified as true/false positive/negative were extracted. A random-effects model was used for pooling data.

Results:
Seven studies were included, evaluating 5672 thyroid nodules. The prevalence of malignancy in each EU-TIRADS class was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.0–1.3), 5.9% (95% CI: 2.6–9.2), 21.4% (95% CI: 11.1–31.7), and 76.1% (95% CI: 63.7–88.5). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+, LR− and DOR of EU-TIRADS class 5 were 83.5% (95% CI: 74.5–89.8), 84.3% (95% CI: 66.2–93.7), 76.1% (95% CI: 63.7–88.5), 85.4% (95% CI: 79.1–91.8), 4.9 (95% CI: 2.9–8.2), 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1–0.3), and 24.5 (95% CI: 11.7–51.0), respectively. A further improved performance was found after excluding two studies because of limited sample size and low prevalence of malignancy in class 5.

Conclusions:
A limited number of studies generally conducted using a retrospective design was found. Acknowledging this limitation, the performance of EU-TIRADS in stratifying the risk of thyroid nodules was high. Also, EU-TIRADS class 5 showed moderate evidence of detecting malignant lesions.
An 85K SNP Array Uncovers Inbreeding and Cryptic Relatedness in an Antarctic Fur Seal Breeding Colony
Authors: Humble Emily , Paijmans Anneke J , Forcada Jaume , Hoffman Joseph I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
High density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays allow large numbers of individuals to be rapidly and cost-effectively genotyped at large numbers of genetic markers. However, despite being widely used in studies of humans and domesticated plants and animals, SNP arrays are lacking for most wild organisms. We developed a custom 85K Affymetrix Axiom array for an intensively studied pinniped, the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella). SNPs were discovered from a combination of genomic and transcriptomic resources and filtered according to strict criteria. Out of a total of 85,359 SNPs tiled on the array, 75,601 (88.6%) successfully converted and were polymorphic in 270 animals from a breeding colony at Bird Island in South Georgia. Evidence was found for inbreeding, with three genomic inbreeding coefficients being strongly intercorrelated and the proportion of the genome in runs of homozygosity being non-zero in all individuals. Furthermore, analysis of genomic relatedness coefficients identified previously unknown first-degree relatives and multiple second-degree relatives among a sample of ostensibly unrelated individuals. Such “cryptic relatedness” within fur seal breeding colonies may increase the likelihood of consanguineous matings and could therefore have implications for understanding fitness variation and mate choice. Finally, we demonstrate the cross-amplification potential of the array in three related pinniped species. Overall, our SNP array will facilitate future studies of Antarctic fur seals and has the potential to serve as a more general resource for the wider pinniped research community.
Sustainable Post Covid19 Lockdown Strategy Through Evidence-Based Policy
Authors: Boretti Alberto 
Published: June 2020

The Covid19 epidemic is having much larger fatalities in western Europe than everywhere else in the world. However, the greater peak daily fatalities have been 10 to 20 times less than the models’ predictions and similarly occurred after half the time predicted by the models. Similar patterns of the outbreak have been achieved regardless of diversity in the containment measures. Thanks to a strict, generalized, lockdown, the United Kingdom, or Belgium, had after about the same number of days, much larger peak daily fatalities per million than countries adopting more sustainable approaches such as the Netherlands or Sweden. In the Netherlands, social distancing is suggested but not forced through an “intelligent lockdown”. In Sweden, there is simply no lockdown. It is now evident that Covid19 is much less contagious and lethal than what was thought, and if care is taken of the risk categories, but basic freedom is not removed restricting every movement of the healthy population damaging democracy and economy, it is possible to achieve better results. With fatalities uniformly declining across Europe, it is therefore advocated to return the sooner the better as before the lockdown period, with full compliance with preventive health instructions and social divergence, and care to protect the highest-risk groups from infection, especially for the elderly and those with chronic and respiratory diseases.
Application of machine learning to the identification of quick and highly sensitive clays from cone penetration tests
Authors: Godoy Cristian , Depina Ivan , Thakur Vikas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGeotechnical classification is vital for site characterization and geotechnical design. Field tests such as the cone penetration test with pore water pressure measurement (CPTu) are widespread because they represent a faster and cheaper alternative for sample recovery and testing. However, classification schemes based on CPTu measurements are fairly generic because they represent a wide variety of soil conditions and, occasionally, they may fail when used in special soil types like sensitive or quick clays. Quick and highly sensitive clay soils in Norway have unique conditions that make them difficult to be identified through general classification charts. Therefore, new approaches to address this task are required. The following study applies machine learning methods such as logistic regression, Naive Bayes, and hidden Markov models to classify quick and highly sensitive clays at two sites in Norway based on normalized CPTu measurements. Results showed a considerable increase in the classification accuracy despite limited training sets.
A study of ocular morbidities associated with retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Mohan Magdum Renu , Khandelwal Madhuri , Ramnik Kotecha Megha , Madhav Oza Saurabh , Padiya Utsav 
Published: June 2020

To study the ocular morbidities associated with retinal vein occlusion. Ours was a cross-sectional observational study, carried out on 100 patients of Retinal Vein Occlusion in a tertiary care centre of Western Maharashtra. After written and informed consent, detailed history was taken, vision assessed, detailed slit lamp evaluation and dilated fundus examination was done. Fundus camera was used to obtain fundus photographs. Macular edema was confirmed using OCT.Diagnosed cases of RVOs were then looked for complications like Macular Edema, Vitreous Haemorrhage, Disc Neovascularisation, Iris/Neovascularisation.Vitreous haemorrhage was the most common complication noted (18%), followed by macular edema (10%), iris neovascularisation (3%) and disc neovascularisation (3%). Macular edema was the most common complication in BRVO, vitreous haemorrhage in CRVO. The incidence of ocular complications was higher in patients with CRVO compared to patients with BRVO and HRVO.Various complications associated with RVO can lead to permanent blindness. Hence early detection of these can help reduce the burden of blindness in society.
Awareness about paediatric cataract among the middle aged patients attending ophthalmology OPD: A teaching hospital survey
Authors: M J Vidhya , J Rathnamma 
Published: June 2020

To study the awareness about paediatric cataract in middle aged patients attending the teaching hospital OPD. 200 willing participants in the middle age (30-60 years), were selected from the ophthalmology OPD. Each participant was given the questionnaire enquiring their knowledge about the paediatric cataract. The questionnaire was in the regional language. The questionnaire was orally asked to the illiterate participants. The response to each question was recorded. 64(32%) participants out of 200 knew that cataract can affect children. 25(12.5%) of them were aware of the fact that the paediatric cataract can cause permanent blindness. 30(15%) knew about the few factors during pregnancy which can cause cataract in new born. 30(15%) knew about the availability of the treatment for the paediatric cataract. Majority of the participants recruited showed very low level of awareness regarding the paediatric cataract. The knowledge regarding the consequences and availability of treatment was also very low. Higher literacy level in the participants was associated with increased awareness. Paediatric cataract which contributes to high blind person years and it being an avoidable cause of childhood blindness can be managed at the community level in a better way by increasing its awareness.
Don Jaime Miguel de Guzmán: el marqués de la Mina y su carrera militar
Authors: Karkut Marcin 
Published: June 2020

Don Jaime Miguel de Guzmán: markiz de la Mina i jego kariera wojskowa
II markiz de la Mina to jeden z najbardziej godnych podziwu wojskowych epoki Oświecenia, wciąż jednak mało znany w europejskiej historiografii. Jego wspaniała kariera wojskowa rozpoczęła się podczas wojny o sukcesję hiszpańską (1701–1713), następnie brał udział we wszystkich hiszpańskich konfliktach zbrojnych w pierwszej połowie XVIII wieku. W 1754 r. został mianowany kapitanem generalnym armii katalońskiej i zwierzchnikiem Audiencia Real, czyli sądu królewskiego. Zmarł bezpotomnie w 1767 r. w Barcelonie.
Don Jaime Miguel de Guzmán: el marqués de la Mina y su carrera militar
El II marqués de la Mina fue uno de los militares más admirables del Siglo de las Luces que todavía está muy poco conocido en la historiografía europea. Su espléndida carrera militar empezó durante la Guerra de Sucesión Española (1701–1713), luego participó en todos los conflictos militares españoles de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII. En el año 1754 es nombrado capitán general de Cataluña y se pone en frente de la Audiencia Real. Muere sin descendencia en 1767 en Barcelona.
Русско-французская конвенция 1810 года о судьбе Польши и русско-французские отношения [Russko-frantsuzskaya konventsiya 1810 goda o sud’be Pol’shi i russko-frantsuzskiye otnosheniya]
Authors: Iskyul Sergey N. 
Published: June 2020

Konwencja rosyjsko-francuska z 1810 roku o losach Polski i stosunki rosyjsko-francuskie
Artykuł poświęcony jest jednemu z kluczowych aspektów działalności dyplomatycznej mocarstw przed wojną 1812 r. w Rosji, kiedy można było zawrzeć konwencję o losach Polski między Francją a Rosją. Po raz pierwszy w artykule wykorzystano dokumenty z korespondencji dyplomatycznej rosyjskiego ambasadora w Paryżu, księcia Aleksandra Kurakina.
Русско-французская конвенция 1810 года о судьбе Польши и русско-французские отношения
Статья посвящена одному из ключевых аспектов дипломатической активности держав перед войной 1812 г. в России, когда между Францией и Россией могла быть заключена конвенция о судьбе Польши. В статье впервые используются документы из дипломатической переписки российского посла в Париже князя Александра Куракина.
Latin and Greek in Contemporary Names of Human Medicines on the Polish Market
Authors: Grzelak-Krzymianowska Adriana 
Published: June 2020

Łacina i greka w świecie współczesnego nazewnictwa farmaceutycznego w Polsce
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, że słowa pochodzące z łaciny i greki są nadal efektywnie wykorzystywane w polskiej terminologii farmaceutycznej na przykładzie nazw handlowych leków oraz form, w jakich owe terminy pojawiają się w interesującym autora nazewnictwie. Autor pracy definiuje pewne zauważalne i charakterystyczne paradygmaty pojawiania się form łacińskich i greckich, które występują w konkretnych wyodrębnionych w artykule grupach leków, wskazuje na pewne widoczne tendencje w zastosowaniu języków innych niż klasyczne oraz podkreśla, jak ogromne znaczenie ma łacina i greka w ciągle rozwijającym się polskim przemyśle farmaceutycznym.