bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerability of global coral reef habitat suitability to ocean warming, acidification and eutrophication
Authors: Guan Yi , Hohn Sönke , Wild Christian , Merico Agostino 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are threatened by global and local stressors. Yet, reefs appear to respond differently to different environmental stressors. Using a global dataset of coral reef occurrence as a proxy for the long‐term adaptation of corals to environmental conditions in combination with global environmental data, we show here how global (warming: sea surface temperature; acidification: aragonite saturation state, Ωarag) and local (eutrophication: nitrate concentration, and phosphate concentration) stressors influence coral reef habitat suitability. We analyse the relative distance of coral communities to their regional environmental optima. In addition, we calculate the expected change of coral reef habitat suitability across the tropics in relation to an increase of 0.1°C in temperature, an increase of 0.02 μmol/L in nitrate, an increase of 0.01 μmol/L in phosphate and a decrease of 0.04 in Ωarag. Our findings reveal that only 6% of the reefs worldwide will be unaffected by local and global stressors and can thus act as temporary refugia. Local stressors, driven by nutrient increase, will affect 22% of the reefs worldwide, whereas global stressors will affect 11% of these reefs. The remaining 61% of the reefs will be simultaneously affected by local and global stressors. Appropriate wastewater treatments can mitigate local eutrophication and could increase areas of temporary refugia to 28%, allowing us to ‘buy time’, while international agreements are found to abate global stressors.
Field Demonstration of the Horizontal Treatment Well (HRX Well®) for Passive In Situ Remediation
Authors: Divine Craig E. , Wright Jesse , Crimi Michelle , Devlin J.F. , Lubrecht Michael , Wang Jack , McDonough Jeff , Kladias Michael , Hinkle Jesse , Cormican Allison , Osorno Trevor , Nzeribe Blossom N. , Laramay Fiona , Ombalski Daniel , Gerber Kathleen , Anderson Hunter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe horizontal reactive media treatment well (HRX Well®) uses directionally drilled horizontal wells filled with a treatment media to induce flow‐focusing behavior created by the well‐to‐aquifer permeability contrast to passively capture proportionally large volumes of groundwater. Groundwater is treated in situ as it flows through the HRX Well and downgradient portions of the aquifer are cleaned via elution as these zones are flushed with clean water discharging from the HRX Well. The HRX Well concept is particularly well suited for sites where long‐term mass discharge control is a primary performance objective. This concept is appropriate for recalcitrant and difficult‐to‐treat constituents, including chlorinated solvents, per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), 1,4‐dioxane, and metals. A full‐scale HRX Well was installed and operated to treat trichloroethene (TCE) with zero valent iron (ZVI). The model‐predicted enhanced flow through the HRX Well (compared to the flow in and equivalent cross‐sectional area orthogonal to flow in the natural formation before HRX Well installation) and treatment zone width was consistent with flows and widths estimated independently by point velocity probe (PVP) testing, HRX Well tracer testing, and observed treatment in downgradient monitoring wells. The actual average capture zone width was estimated to be between 45 and 69 feet. Total TCE mass discharge reduction was maintained through the duration of the performance monitoring period and exceeded 99.99% (%). Decreases in TCE concentrations were observed at all four downgradient monitoring wells within the treatment zone (ranging from 50 to 74% at day 436), and the first arrival of treated water was consistent with model predictions. The field demonstration confirmed the HRX Well technology is best suited for long‐term mass discharge control, can be installed under active infrastructure, requires limited ongoing operation and maintenance, and has low life cycle energy and water requirements.
The one‐stage assay or chromogenic assay to monitor baseline factor VIII levels and desmopressin effect in non‐severe haemophilia A: Superiority or non‐inferiority?
Authors: Schütte Lisette M. , Hodes Luca S. , van Moort Iris , Stoof Sara C. M. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Cnossen Marjon H. , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis, treatment monitoring and assessment of desmopressin effect in haemophilia A patients are performed by measurement of factor VIII activity (FVIII). The two assays commonly applied are the one‐stage assay and the chromogenic assay. Especially in non‐severe haemophilia A, discrepancies between these assays are common. It is still unestablished which assay corresponds best with bleeding phenotype and desmopressin effect.AimTo correlate FVIII levels measured by the one‐stage assay and by the chromogenic assay with bleeding phenotype and, additionally, to compare FVIII assay discrepancies before and after desmopressin administration.MethodFactor VIII was measured in 130 non‐severe haemophilia A patients during routine visits to the outpatient clinic and/or during desmopressin testing. FVIII was measured by both the one‐stage assay and the chromogenic assay. Discrepancies between assays were defined as at least a twofold difference of FVIII or an absolute FVIII difference between measurements of ≥0.10 IU/mL. Bleeding phenotype was defined as annual number of treated bleedings (adjusted ABR).ResultsHundred and thirty non‐severe haemophilia A patients were included. In 31/130 patients, assay results were discrepant. However, FVIII measurements with both assays correlated adequately with adjusted ABR. In addition, in 27/130 patients FVIII measurements at baseline and after desmopressin administration were analysed. In 13/27 patients, all measurements were either equivalent or discrepant when results were compared. In 14/27 patients, this was not the case as both equivalent measurements and discrepant measurements at different time points within one patient were observed.ConclusionNeither the one‐stage assay nor the chromogenic assay is superior in predicting bleeding phenotype. In addition, equivalent or discrepant FVIII results measured before desmopressin do not always predict FVIII assay results after desmopressin administration.
Patients With Vestibular Migraine are More Likely to Have Occipital Headaches than those With Migraine Without Vestibular Symptoms
Authors: Wattiez Anne‐Sophie , O’Shea Sarah A. , Ten Eyck Patrick , Sowers Levi P. , Recober Ana , Russo Andrew F. , Fattal Deema 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with vestibular migraine are more likely to suffer from an occipital headache than patients with migraine without vestibular symptoms.BackgroundVestibular migraine is an underdiagnosed disorder in which migraine is associated with vestibular symptoms. Anatomical evidence and symptomatology hint at the involvement of brain structures in the posterior fossa (back of the head location). We hypothesized that vestibular migraine patients are more likely than migraineurs without vestibular symptoms to experience headaches located in the back of the head, that is, occipital headaches.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at the University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics. Chart analysis of 169 patients was performed. The primary outcome was the location of the headache in vestibular migraine patients and migraineurs without vestibular symptoms. The secondary outcomes included the association of vestibular migraine with gender, age at onset of headache, age at onset of vestibular symptoms (such as vertigo, head motion‐induced dizziness), aura, motion sickness, other associated symptoms, family history of headaches, and family history of motion sickness.ResultsIn vestibular migraine group, 45/103 (44%) had occipital location for their headaches vs 12/66 (18%) in migraine patients without vestibular symptoms, for an odd’s ratio of 3.5 (95% CI = 1.7‐7.2, P < .001). Additionally, the age at onset of headache was greater in the vestibular migraine group (28 ± 12 vs 18 ± 9 years, P < .001) and motion sickness was more common (41/98 (42%) in the vestibular migraine group, 1/64 (2%) in the migraine without vestibular symptoms group, P < .001).ConclusionsThis study suggests that patients with vestibular migraine are more likely to have occipital headaches than patients with migraine without vestibular symptoms. Our data support the initiation of a prospective study to determine whether a patient presenting with occipital headaches, with late onset of age of headache, and with a history of motion sickness is at an increased risk for the possible development of vestibular migraine.
Helicobacter pylori infection modulates endogenous hydrogen sulfide production in gastric cancer AGS cells
Authors: Kawahara Yoshinari , Hirashita Yuka , Tamura Chikako , Kudo Yoko , Sakai Kumiko , Togo Kazumi , Fukuda Kensuke , Matsunari Osamu , Okamoto Kazuhisa , Ogawa Ryo , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Okimoto Tadayoshi , Kodama Masaaki , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersistent Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric mucosal atrophy, which is a precancerous condition. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous biological transmitter, has been implicated in both the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases. To understand gastric epithelial cell response against H pylori infection, we investigated the metabolic changes of gastric cancer cells co‐cultured with H pylori and observed the modulation of endogenous H2S production.Materials and MethodsGastric cancer AGS cells were co‐cultured with an H pylori standard strain possessing bacterial virulence factor CagA (ATCC 43504) and a strain without CagA (ATCC 51932). Three hours after inoculation, the cells were subjected to metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS). Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) and pathway analysis were performed. In addition, intracellular H2S levels were measured by using HSip‐1 fluorescent probe.ResultsResults of OPLS‐DA showed a significant difference between the metabolism of untreated control cells and cells inoculated with the H pylori strains ATCC 51932 or ATCC 43504, mainly due to 45 metabolites. Pathway analysis with the selected metabolites indicated that methionine metabolism, which is related to H2S production, was the most frequently altered pathway. H pylori‐inoculated cells produced more endogenous H2S than control cells. Moreover, ATCC 43504‐inoculated cells produced less H2S than ATCC 51932‐inoculated cells.ConclusionsH pylori infection modulates endogenous H2S production in AGS cells, suggesting that H2S might be one of the bioactive molecules involved in the biological mechanisms of gastric mucosal disease including mucosal atrophy.
Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging combined with clinical parameters in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer: A novel diagnostic model
Authors: Ippolito Davide , Querques Giulia , Pecorelli Anna , Perugini Giovanna , Roscigno Marco , Da Pozzo Luigi Filippo , Maino Cesare , Sironi Sandro 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of prostate cancer, according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System, and the usefulness of combining clinical parameters to improve patients’ risk assessment.MethodsOverall, 201 patients underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging investigation with a 3‐T magnet and a 32‐channel body coil based on triplanar high‐resolution T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted and T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging before, during and after intravenous administration of paramagnetic contrast agent. Random transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy was carried out for all eligible patients. If a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System ≥3 lesion was present, a targeted biopsy with magnetic resonance imaging‐transrectal ultrasound fusion‐guided system was carried out.ResultsSensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System ≥3 lesions for the detection of prostate cancer were 65.1%, 54.9%, 43.1% and 75.0% respectively, with an accuracy of 64.2% (55.1–72.7%). At uni‐ and multivariate analysis, age ≥70 years and prostate‐specific antigen density ≥0.15 ng/mL/mL were significantly associated with prostate cancer. A new risk model named “modified Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System” was created considering age and prostate‐specific antigen density in addition to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score showing an improved correlation with prostate cancer compared with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System alone (area under curve 71.4%, 95% confidence interval 62.2–80.5 vs area under curve 62.6%, 95% confidence interval 52.1–73; P ≤ 0.0001).ConclusionsThe accuracy of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System alone in the diagnosis of prostate cancer might be suboptimal, whereas a novel risk model based on the combination of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging data with clinical parameters could offer higher discrimination and improve the ability of diagnosing clinically significant disease.
The use of patient‐derived breast tissue explants to study macrophage polarization and the effects of environmental chemical exposure
Authors: Gregory Kelly J , Morin Stephanie M , Kubosiak Alex , Ser‐Dolansky Jennifer , Schalet Benjamin J , Jerry D Joseph , Schneider Sallie S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEx vivo mammary explant systems are an excellent model to study interactions between epithelium and stromal cell types because they contain physiologically relevant heterotypic interactions in the background of genetically diverse patients. The intact human mammary tissue, termed patient‐derived explant (PDE), can be used to investigate cellular responses to a wide variety of external stimuli in situ. For this study, we examined the impact of cytokines or environmental chemicals on macrophage phenotypes. We demonstrate that we can polarize macrophages within human breast tissue PDEs toward M1 or M2 through the addition of interferon‐γ (IFNγ) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin (IL)‐4 + IL‐13, respectively. Elevated expression levels of M(IFNγ + LPS) markers (HLADRA and CXCL10) or M(IL‐4 + IL‐13) markers (CD209 and CCL18) were observed in cytokine‐treated tissues. We also examined the impact of the endocrine‐disrupting chemical, benzophenone‐3, on PDEs and measured significant, yet varying effects on macrophage polarization. Furthermore, a subset of the PDEs respond to IL‐4 + IL‐13 through downregulation of E‐cadherin and upregulation of vimentin which is reminiscent of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes. Finally, we were able to show immortalized nonmalignant breast epithelial cells can exhibit EMT characteristics when exposed to growth factors secreted by M(IL‐4 + IL‐13) macrophages. Taken together, the PDE model system is an outstanding preclinical model to study early tissue‐resident immune responses and effects on epithelial and stromal responses to stimuli found both endogenously in the breast and exogenously as a result of exposures.
AIM2 in health and disease: Inflammasome and beyond
Authors: Kumari Puja , Russo Ashley J. , Shivcharan Sonia , Rathinam Vijay A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNucleic acid sensing is a critical mechanism by which the immune system monitors for pathogen invasion. A set of germline‐encoded innate immune receptors detect microbial DNA in various compartments of the cell, such as endosomes, the cytosol, and the nucleus. Sensing of microbial DNA through these receptors stimulates, in most cases, interferon regulatory factor‐dependent type I IFN synthesis followed by JAK/STAT‐dependent interferon‐stimulated gene expression. In contrast, the detection of DNA in the cytosol by AIM2 assembles a macromolecular complex called the inflammasome, which unleashes the proteolytic activity of a cysteine protease caspase‐1. Caspase‐1 cleaves and activates the pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and IL‐18 and a pore‐forming protein, gasdermin D, which triggers pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. Research over the past decade has revealed that AIM2 plays essential roles not only in host defense against pathogens but also in inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer in inflammasome‐dependent and inflammasome‐independent manners. This review discusses the latest advancements in our understanding of AIM2 biology and its functions in health and disease.
Atrial tachycardia with multiple reconductions across the surgical incision
Authors: Nagai Takayuki , Kawakami Hiroshi , Sasaki Yasuhiro , Fujii Akira , Inoue Katsuji , Ikeda Shuntaro , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncisional atrial tachycardia (AT) with multiple penetrating points on one surgical incision has not been reported yet. We present a case of incisional AT following mitral valve annuloplasty with a superior transseptal approach, in which two reconduction sites were parts of the reentrant circuit. Radiofrequency ablation at the reconduction site successfully terminated the tachycardia. A total of four penetrating points were found on the incision line, and radiofrequency ablation at these sites was completed. Detailed mapping of possible reconduction sites along the incision line should be performed to avoid further instances of AT following open heart surgery.
His‐bundle pacing: A novel treatment for left bundle branch block‐mediated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Devabhaktuni Subodh , Ezzeddine Fatima , Simon Joel , Khaira Kavita , Dandamudi Gopi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic left bundle branch block (LBBB) can lead to LBBB‐mediated cardiomyopathy from left ventricular dysynchrony. His‐bundle pacing (HBP) results in direct electrical synchrony using the native His‐Purkinje system, providing a novel treatment for this cardiomyopathy.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of HBP for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in LBBB‐mediated cardiomyopathy patients.MethodsRetrospective database review was conducted on patients who underwent CRT by the HBP capable provider at Indiana University Health and Eskenazi Hospital from August 2015 to August 2017. A subset of patients who met the predefined syndrome criteria of LBBB‐mediated cardiomyopathy who underwent HBP were identified. Clinical, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic variables were extracted at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsNine patients had cardiomyopathy and LBBB. Among those two were lost to follow‐up. Seven patients were included in the analysis. The average time from device implantation to the last follow‐up was 14.5 months. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved on average from 25% to 50% (p = .0001). The left ventricular end‐systolic dimension decreased from 47 to 37 mm (p = .003) and the left ventricular end‐diastolic dimension decreased from 55 to 48 mm (p = .03). QRS duration with HBP‐CRT decreased from 152 to 115 ms. New York Heart Association classification improved from an average of 2.7–2.ConclusionHBP is a viable technique for pursuing CRT in patients with LBBB‐mediated cardiomyopathy.
The potential effects of DPP‐4 inhibitors on cardiovascular system in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Du Hengzhi , Wang Dao Wen , Chen Chen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the outbreak of a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the public healthcare systems are facing great challenges. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) could develop into severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi‐organ failure. Remarkably, in addition to the respiratory symptoms, some COVID‐19 patients also suffer from cardiovascular injuries. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) is a ubiquitous glycoprotein which could act both as a cell membrane‐bound protein and a soluble enzymatic protein after cleavage and release into the circulation. Despite angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the recently recognized receptor of SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2, which facilitated their entries into the host, DPP‐4 has been identified as the receptor of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV). In the current review, we discussed the potential roles of DPP‐4 in COVID‐19 and the possible effects of DPP‐4 inhibitors on cardiovascular system in patients with COVID‐19.
The use of steel in the United Kingdom's transport sector: A stock–flow–service nexus case study
Authors: Carmona Luis Gabriel , Whiting Kai , Haberl Helmut , Sousa Tânia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnergy and material flows and material stocks are key requirements for the supply of goods and services, which in turn support societal development. However, most resource accounting methods restrict the analysis to resource flows, which fails to acknowledge the increasing role of in‐use stocks in service provision. Using the UK transport sector as a case study, we undertook a material flow analysis through the lens of the stock–flow–service (SFS) nexus. We used the latter to identify how steel consumption and accumulation in vehicles contributed to passenger mobility between 1960 and 2015. Our results show that the efficiency of the steel stock contained in cars and motorcycles decreased from 37.5 to 28.0 passenger‐km (pkm)/kg‐year. The steel service for buses decreased from 63.6 to 32.1 pkm/kg‐year, while that of the national railway increased from 23.8 to 70.3 pkm/kg‐year steel. London Underground steel stock–service efficiency improved from 31.5 to 57.0 pkm/kg‐year steel. The annual fraction of flows that maintained the steel stock varied according to vehicle category and was between 3.4% and 8.2%. In terms of the stock expansion rate, the greatest change (on average, an annual increase of 3%) was that of “cars and motorcycles.” This reflects the demographic transitions and the growing consumer demand for car‐based mobility. We discussed how the SFS nexus contributes to a more comprehensive form of resource accounting and reflect upon some of its limitations and how they might be addressed.