bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A global analysis on the systemic effects of antibiotics in cultured fish and their potential human health risk: a review
Authors: Limbu Samwel Mchele , Chen Li‐Qiao , Zhang Mei‐Ling , Du Zhen‐Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rearing of fish in intensive systems reduces their immunity leading to eruption of diseases, consequently prompting the use of antibiotics. Antibiotics are currently used in cultured fish globally to treat/prevent diseases. On the one hand, antibiotics used in aquaculture help to improve fish health by killing or inhibiting pathogenic bacteria proliferation. However, on the other hand, they cause multiple side effects. To date, information on systemic effects of antibiotics in cultured fish is scattered and their potential human health risk remains elusive. This review critically analyses and discusses the available information in the literature on the positive and negative effects of antibiotics in cultured fish and their potential human health risk via fish consumption. The review found 44 different antibiotics dominated by oxytetracycline were studied in various fish species worldwide. Antibiotics used in global aquaculture either decrease or increase fish growth and survival rates. They induce oxidative stress, which affect antioxidant and detoxification responses and cause host–microbiota dysbiosis. These changes compromise the fish immunity system, which ultimately lead to cellular damage. The toxicities generated inhibit the fish aerobic glycolysis, suppress lipogenesis and fatty acid β‐oxidation while increase energy demand by initiating gluconeogenesis and anaerobic glycolysis. Consumption of fish treated with antibiotics causes human health risk. Future studies are required on agents to restore dysfunctions induced by antibiotics in cultured fish, while attempts to limit their utilisation in aquaculture production are underway. [Correction added on 21 November 2020, after first online publication: The abstract has been amended to clarify the scope of the review.]
The Effects of Key Influencing Factors on Unsafe Events in Airport Flight Areas According to Time Series Data
Authors: Shao Quan , Liu Haoran , Zhu Pei , Wei Wei , Zhou Hang , Yang Mingming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study applied modern econometric models to analyze the factors affecting the number of unsafe events (NUE) in the airport flight area using time series data from 1993 to 2017. Influencing factors considered in this article include gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (GDPPC), household consumption level (HCL), the civil aviation passenger turnover (CAPT), the number of civil aviation transport aircraft (NCATA), the total population of the whole country, and the number of civil aviation employment (NCAE). First, the Johansen cointegration test results demonstrate that HCL, NCATA, and NCAE have long‐term effects on unsafe events—namely, a 1% increase in HCL corresponds to an average 0.262% increase in NUE. In addition, a 1% increase in NCATA correlates to an average 2.339% increase, and a 1% increase in NCAE corresponds to an average 2.202% decrease in NUE with fixed variables. The analysis results based on the vector error correction model suggest that CAPT has short‐term effects on unsafe events and positively correlates to unsafe events. The results of the impulse response function also indicate that the impact of NUE in the previous period on the change of NUE gradually weakens and finally tends to be stable. Finally, NCATA is found to promote the change of NUE significantly. Similarly, the results of variance decomposition also indicate that NCATA has the greatest contribution to the change of NUE, followed by NUE in the previous period. The findings reveal the effects of key factors on the change of unsafe events in airport flight areas, thus providing a valuable theoretical basis for preventing the occurrence of unsafe incidents.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography—Practical applications in dermatology and comparison with established imaging methods
Authors: Ruini Cristel , Schuh Sandra , Sattler Elke , Welzel Julia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive diagnostic techniques in dermatology gained increasing popularity in the last decade. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) are meanwhile established in research and clinical routine. While OCT is mainly indicated for detecting non‐melanoma skin cancer, RCM has proven its usefulness additionally in distinguishing melanocytic lesions. Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is an emerging tool combining the principles of both above‐mentioned methods.MethodsHealthy skin at different body sites and exemplary skin lesions (basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, actinic keratosis) were examined using dermoscopy, RCM, OCT and LC‐OCT. Standard features for RCM and OCT and comparable features for LC‐OCT were analysed.ResultsLC‐OCT has a lower penetration depth but superior resolution compared to OCT. In comparison with RCM, which provides only horizontal sections, LC‐OCT creates both vertical and horizontal images in real time and has nearly the same cellular resolution.DiscussionOur preliminary experiences suggest that LC‐OCT combines the advantages of RCM and OCT, with optimal resolution and penetration depth to diagnose all types of skin cancer.Larger systematic studies are needed to further characterize the field of use of this device and its sensitivity and specificity compared to histology.
The effect of dual‐frequency ultrasound waves on B16F10 melanoma cells: Sonodynamic therapy using nanoliposomes containing methylene blue
Authors: Adelnia Akbar , Mokhtari‐Dizaji Manijhe , Hoseinkhani Saman , Bakhshandeh Mohsen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the effect of dual‐frequency sonication on the viability of B16F10 melanoma cells in the presence of methylene blue (MB) encapsulated in nanoliposomes.MethodsTreatment protocols were studied: sonication groups (40 kHz, 1 MHz and dual‐frequency), the same sonication groups with nanoliposomes containing MB, MB free and nanoliposomes containing MB groups, and so sham and control groups. The nanoliposomes were prepared by the lipid film hydration method. The cell viability of the different treatment groups was evaluated by the MTT assay.ResultsThe dual‐frequency protocols caused higher viability losses compared to the kHz and MHz sonications (P < .05). In presence of the nanoliposomes containing MB, dual frequency led to 6% and 3% viability for 600 and 1200 seconds, respectively, while the corresponding values were 10% and 4% for the 40 kHz protocols and 22% and 9% for the 1 MHz, as compared to the control group (100%). The result of KI dosimetry showed that the cavitation activity of the dual‐frequency protocol was about 1.23, as compared to sonication at 40 kHz and 1 MHz.ConclusionEnhancement of inertial cavitation induction by dual‐frequency sonication may be the primary effective mechanism, which causes increased sonochemical processes and drug release from nanocarriers.
Factors associated with registrant availability for unrelated adult donor hematopoietic stem cell donation: Analysis of the stem cell registry at Canadian Blood Services
Authors: Monaghan Madeline , Yi Qi‐Long , Green Meagan , Campbell Todd , Weiss Jason T. , Dibdin Nicholas , Mercer Dena , Elmoazzen Heidi , Allan David S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundGreater use of unrelated donors to support hematopoietic cell transplantation can be hampered by unavailability of registrants when identified as potential candidates for donation.MethodsMultivariate analysis was performed to identify donor factors associated with availability for verification of human leukocyte antigen typing (VT) needed before donor activation. All VT requests for registrants on the Canadian Blood Services Stem Cell Registry between 1 January and 31 December 2018 were reviewed (n = 1358).ResultsPotential donors identified by transplant centers were categorized as available at the time of VT but ineligible for medical or other reasons (n = 130 and excluded from further analysis), available (n = 622) or unavailable (n = 566) due to scheduling, loss of interest, and/or inability to contact. With multivariate analysis, registrants who previously donated blood, those recruited online or from blood donation clinics, and a shorter interval between registration and VT request were significantly correlated with increased donor availability. Donor sex and geographic location, however, displayed no correlation.ConclusionOnline registration and recruitment at whole blood donation centers should be enhanced to increase the availability of registrants at VT. More insight is needed to maintain registrant availability following community in‐person recruitment events, especially if the interval between registration and activation is prolonged. Recruitment of male registrants who are well informed should not negatively impact availability.
Assessing false paternity risk in simulated motherless cases from more than 20 000 real exclusion trios
Authors: Aguiar Vitor R. C. , de Castro Amanda M. , Pinto Laélia M. , Ferreira Alessandro C. S. , dos Santos Eldamária V. W. , Louro Iuri D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhen the motherʼs DNA profile is not available for paternity testing, there is a smaller probability that a locus will exclude an alleged father. This study aims to evaluate the risk of potential false paternity inclusions in motherless cases.Study Design and MethodsMore than 20 000 duos were generated by removing the maternal genotypes from exclusion trios. After recalculating paternity in these duos, any found inclusions would be false.ResultsThe use of an appropriate number of loci, mutation model, and mutation rates to analyze motherless paternity cases was robust against false inclusions. A single potential false inclusion was observed in a case wherein kinship plays a role. This result highlights the importance of testing the mother when available and of obtaining information on family circumstances for the proper handling of cases involving related individuals.ConclusionThe guidelines we used here were sufficient to avoid false inclusions in a data set of more than 20 000 motherless cases.
Photodegradation of Molecular Iodine on SiO2 Particles: Influence of Temperature and Relative Humidity
Authors: Figueiredo A. , Strekowski R. S. , Bosland L. , Durand A. , Wortham H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA molecular derivatization method followed by gas chromatographic separation coupled with mass spectrometric detection was used to study photodegradation of molecular I2 adsorbed on solid SiO2 particles. The heterogeneous photodegradation of I2 was studied as a function of temperature and relative humidity in synthetic air to better understand its environmental fate. Two sets of experiments were carried out. In the first set of experiments, the temperature was T = (298 ± 1) K and relative humidity was varied from ≤ 2% to 75%RH under given experimental conditions. In the second set of experiments, the relative humidity within the Pyrex bulb was 40%RH and the temperature was varied from 283 ± 1 ≤ T (K) ≤ 323 ± 1. The obtained results show a considerably enhanced atmospheric lifetime of molecular iodine adsorbed on solid media that does not depend on relative humidity of the environment. The obtained results show that the rate constant for the photolysis of molecular iodine adsorbed on model SiO2 particles depends on temperature and is reported to be J (T)=(1.24 ± 1.4)×10−2×exp[(1482±345)/T]/s over the measured temperature range. The heterogeneous atmospheric residence time () of I2 adsorbed on solid media is calculated to range from 2 to 4.1 h. The experimentally obtained heterogeneous lifetime of I2 is shown to be considerably longer than its destruction by its principal atmospheric sink, photolysis. The observed enhanced atmospheric lifetime of I2 on heterogeneous media will likely have direct consequences on the atmospheric transport of I2 that influences the toxicity or the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere.
Review of Gas Turbine Internal Cooling Improvement Technology
Authors: Nourin Farah Nazifa , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The higher firing temperature reflects the higher efficiency of the gas turbine. However, using higher temperatures is limited as it may cause a rupture, bending, or failure of the turbine blades. Hence, the development of an effective internal cooling system of the gas turbine blade is essential. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the lowest possible penalty on the thermodynamics performance cycle. Researchers are working over the years to find out the efficient cooling channel design with high transfer while the lowest pressure drop. They ran several cases both numerically and experimentally. This paper reviews the published research in the various methods of gas turbine internal cooling, such as using rib turbulators, dimples, jet impingement, pin fins, and guide vane, of the gas turbine blade.
Experimental Investigation of a Hydrostatic Bearing Between Barrels and Port Plates in Floating Cup Axial Piston Pumps
Authors: Achten Peter , Mommers Robin , Potma Jeroen , Achten Jasper 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hydrostatic machines often have multiple hydrodynamic bearing interfaces, which also serve as a sealing interface. In axial piston machines, the bearing and sealing interface between the barrel and the port plate is a well known example. At reasonably high operating speeds, hydrodynamic effects create an oil film between the barrel and the port plate. This oil film will then, to a certain extend, lift the barrel from the port plate, thereby avoiding metal-to-metal contact.
The disadvantage of hydrodynamic bearings is, that they need a relatively high velocity of the sliding components, in order to reduce the friction. Below a certain speed, mixed lubrication and finally solid friction will occur. This results in strongly increased friction losses and wear.
Low speed operation has always been of interest for hydrostatic motors, which are often operated at close to zero speed or at low rotational speeds. But low and near zero speed operation has also become of importance for pumps when being operated in electro-hydraulic actuators (EHAs). Many of the existing pump principles are not allowed to be operated below a certain minimum speed, due to excessive wear which results from coulomb friction conditions. Furthermore, the stick-slip-behaviour creates additional nonlinear behaviour of the EHA-operation, and makes it difficult to control EHAs.
In order to overcome the disadvantages of hydrodynamic bearings, a new hydrostatic bearing has been developed [1]. In the new bearing, the sealing land of the barrel is divided into three concentric rings. In the middle ring, so called pockets are created. Each pocket has a direct connection with the corresponding port by means of a small groove. The new bearing not only lifts the barrel to a certain height, but also helps to counteract the tilting torque of the barrel.
The size of the pocket grooves determines the height of the oil film, and therefore also the leakage and viscous friction of the bearing and sealing interface. In a recent research project, INNAS has performed a number of experiments to measure the influence of the groove size on the overall efficiency, as well as on the leakage and torque loss. Measurements have been performed on a 24 cc floating cup pump in a speed range between 500 and 4000 rpm and a pressure range between 100 and 400 bar. At the end of the project, the range has been extended to a speed range between 0.23 and 4400 rpm, and a pressure range between 50 and 450 bar.
This paper describes some of the results of these experiments. The measured width of the pocket grooves is taken as a characteristic parameter for the size of the flow area and resistance of the pocket grooves.
On Secondary Control Principles in Pump Controlled Electro-Hydraulic Linear Actuators
Authors: Schmidt Lasse , Ketelsen Søren , Grønkær Nikolaj , Hansen Kenneth Vorbøl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Developments in the field of electro-hydraulic linear actuators controlled by variable-speed pump drives have been increasing over the past decade. The majority of these benefits from the speed control loops realized in the associated electric drives, hence these variable-speed pump drives have been operated as flow control units. For this reason, control methodologies commonly used in valve operated linear drives can be adopted. Such approaches may be characterized as primary control strategies, meaning that there is a flow coupling between the variable-speed pump drive and the linear actuator, with a pressure reaction. Alternatively, other technologies like hydraulic transformers benefit from secondary control abilities, meaning that there is a pressure/force coupling between the actuating device and the linear actuator, with a flow reaction. This paper presents a study considering the application of secondary control principles in electro-hydraulic linear actuators, where the usage of only the electric motor current control loops allow for this to be realized. It is found that by feeding back the hydraulic force measurement in addition to the current loops, allow for a high force control bandwidth by virtue of state feedback controls. The high bandwidth of the force control enables alternative approaches to motion control of electro-hydraulic linear actuators.
The Challenge of Feedback in Fluid Power Tribotronic Control Systems
Authors: Johansen Per , Grønkær Nikolaj , Langbak Andreas , Krempin Simon , Schmidt Lasse 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The hunt for increased efficiency and reliability of fluid power components have entailed a great deal of research on loss and wear mechanisms by means of computational tribology simulation in the last decades. The vast amount of theoretical work within tribology necessitates validation of the simulation models. The aim to validate such models has in recent years increased interest in sophisticated tribological measurement technology. A next level, for tribology in fluid power, is the integration of modelling, analysis and measurement technology with control to achieve active tribology, namely fluid power tribotronics. In this paper the challenge of feedback for tribotronic control loops in fluid power are addressed. Fundamental questions are in this regard to what extend do we need information? Is it necessary to measure fluid film thickness absolutely or dynamically, or do we even need in-situ information on the tribological joints? These questions are analysed in this paper by use of a dynamic lubricated journal-bearing model. From this analysis a conclusion on the oil whirl limit is found, which reveal an interesting perspective and potential risk in the application of feedforward in tribotronic control of lubricated journal-bearings. Finally, a discussion is concluded with the submission of relevant open research directions for fluid power tribotronic control systems.
Design and Performance of a Curvilinear Circular-Arc Tooth Gear for Gear Pump Applications
Authors: Williams Logan T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The most common gear architecture used in external gear pumps is the spur gear with an involute tooth profile. The involute spur gear has many benefits, such as a constant line of action, tolerance to parallel misalignment, and ease of fabrication. However, the involute spur gear has two major drawbacks in pump applications: the tooth profile results in trapped pockets of fluid that contribute to pressure spikes and noise generation, and the straight axial profile further increases noise due to intermittent tooth shock during meshing. Current state-of-the-art pumps utilize helical gears to enable a gradual mesh to reduce noise and pressure pulsation, which results in an axial load induced on the gears during meshing. A novel gear design has been developed that eliminates axial gear loading while preserving a gradual mesh. A hybrid tooth profile eliminates the trapped fluid pocket while maintaining the benefits of an involute profile. Initial testing demonstrates an increase in volumetric efficiency by 10% and a reduction of sound level by 7 dB compared to a spur gear of the same size.
A Gasless Reservoir Solution for Electro-Hydraulic Compact Drives With Two Prime Movers
Authors: Ketelsen Søren , Padovani Damiano , Kjeld Ebbesen Morten , Andersen Torben Ole , Schmidt Lasse 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Due to an increased focus on improving the energy efficiency and compactness of hydraulic linear actuators, the electro-hydraulic compact drive (ECD) has received increased attention lately. In this study the ECD consists of variable-speed electric motors and fixed-displacement pumps, which are directly connected to the cylinder, thus controlling the linear motion in a throttleless manner. Furthermore, ECDs are self-contained systems, i.e. based on a fully enclosed oil circuit, in order to avoid external contamination and air to enter the system and to increase system compactness. Conventionally a low-pressure gas-loaded accumulator is used as an oil reservoir to compensate for the flow imbalance occurring whenever utilizing single-rod cylinders in closed systems. The accumulator pressure is to be kept relatively low to stay within the required limits governed by the permitted pump housing’s pressure. Generally, this pressure is not allowed to exceed 1–3 bar. To avoid violating this limitation, the gas volume must be significantly larger than the actual oil volume, which needs to be stored in the accumulator. This requirement decreases the obtainable compactness of the ECD, especially for systems with a large cylinder stroke. Furthermore, the accumulator represents a potential of gas leakage, which ultimately could result in the ECD being non-functional. This paper presents a gasless reservoir solution, improving the system compactness and avoiding the risk of gas leakage. The proposed solution is based on a bootstrap reservoir which is charged by the lowest cylinder chamber pressure. This strategy is feasible for the class of ECDs that is capable of controlling the lowest cylinder chamber pressure alongside the cylinder motion. An ECD consisting of two electric prime movers is considered as a case study. It is shown how the gasless reservoir may be integrated into the system, and an analysis of how this affects the operating range and the dynamic couplings of the system is presented. This leads to the derivation of a control strategy for the Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) system based on state decoupling, by defining virtual inputs to control virtual outputs. A numerical study suggests that the reservoir volume may be reduced by approximately 50% for the given system dimensions. The proposed control strategy shows good position tracking performance while also being able to control the reservoir pressure within the pre-defined limits of 1 to 3 bar.
Short-Term Energy Storage System for Hydraulic Hybrid Wind Turbine Transmission
Authors: Mohr Eric , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Stelson Kim A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) offers a variable ratio transmission for wind turbines that has a higher power to weight ratio than traditional gearboxes, and requires less maintenance. In a conventional turbine, when the wind speed increases above the rated speed, the blade pitch is controlled to dissipate excess energy and regulate the turbine at rated power. An energy storage system allows the turbine to temporarily operate above rated power, and capture the traditionally dissipated energy in an accumulator. When the wind speed drops below the rated speed, the energy in the accumulator is released, increasing the delivered power This paper presents a high-fidelity mathematical model of the hydraulic hybrid wind turbine transmission. Simulation results for a series of step changes and for turbulent wind speed are investigated for a 60 kW turbine. Using a realistic turbulent wind data sample, energy production increased by 4% with a 52 liter accumulator with significantly smoother output power to the grid.