bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term safety and efficacy of lacosamide and controlled‐release carbamazepine monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy
Authors: Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Grebe Hans Peter , Terada Kiyohito , Jensen Lori , Li Ting , De Backer Marc , Steiniger‐Brach Björn , Gasalla Teresa , Brock Melissa , Biton Victor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveA large‐scale, double‐blind trial (SP0993; NCT01243177) demonstrated that lacosamide was noninferior to controlled‐release carbamazepine (carbamazepine‐CR) in terms of efficacy, and well tolerated as first‐line monotherapy in patients (≥16 years of age) with newly diagnosed epilepsy. We report primary safety outcomes from the double‐blind extension of the noninferiority trial (SP0994; NCT01465997) and post hoc analyses of pooled long‐term safety and efficacy data from both trials.MethodsPatients were randomized 1:1 to lacosamide or carbamazepine‐CR. Doses were escalated (lacosamide: 200/400/600 mg/d; carbamazepine‐CR: 400/800/1200 mg/d) based on seizure control. Eligible patients continued randomized treatment in the extension. Primary outcomes of the extension were treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs, and discontinuations due to TEAEs. Post hoc analyses of data from combined trials included 12‐ and 24‐month seizure freedom and TEAEs by number of comorbid conditions.ResultsA total of 886 patients were treated in the initial trial and 548 in the extension; 211 of 279 patients (75.6%) on lacosamide and 180/269 (66.9%) on carbamazepine‐CR completed the extension. In the extension, 181 patients (64.9%) on lacosamide and 182 (67.7%) on carbamazepine‐CR reported TEAEs; in both groups, nasopharyngitis, headache, and dizziness were most common. Serious TEAEs were reported by 32 patients (11.5%) on lacosamide and 22 (8.2%) on carbamazepine‐CR; 12 (4.3%) and 21 (7.8%) discontinued due to TEAEs. In the combined trials (median exposure: lacosamide 630 days; carbamazepine‐CR 589 days), Kaplan‐Meier estimated proportions of patients with 12‐ and 24‐month seizure freedom from first dose were 50.8% (95% confidence interval 46.2%‐55.4%) and 47.0% (42.2%‐51.7%) on lacosamide, and 54.9% (50.3%‐59.6%) and 50.9% (46.0%‐55.7%) on carbamazepine‐CR. Incidences of drug‐related TEAEs and discontinuations due to TEAEs increased by number of comorbid conditions and were lower in patients on lacosamide.SignificanceLong‐term (median ~2 years) lacosamide monotherapy was efficacious and generally well tolerated in adults with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Seizure freedom rates were similar with lacosamide and carbamazepine‐CR.
Cryptocurrencies: Stylized facts on a new investible instrument
Authors: Hu Albert S. , Parlour Christine A. , Rajan Uday 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present stylized facts on the asset pricing properties of cryptocurrencies: summary statistics on cryptocurrency return properties and measures of common variation for secondary market returns on 222 digital coins. In our sample, secondary market returns of all other currencies are strongly correlated with Bitcoin returns. We also provide some investment characteristics of a sample of 64 initial coin offerings.
Climate‐driven habitat change causes evolution in Threespine Stickleback
Authors: Des Roches Simone , Bell Michael A. , Palkovacs Eric P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate change can shape evolution directly by altering abiotic conditions or indirectly by modifying habitats, yet few studies have investigated the effects of climate‐driven habitat change on contemporary evolution. We resampled populations of Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) along a latitudinal gradient in California bar‐built estuaries to examine their evolution in response to changing climate and habitat. We took advantage of the strong association between stickleback lateral plate phenotypes and Ectodysplasin A (Eda) genotypes to infer changes in allele frequencies over time. Our results show that over time the frequency of low‐plated alleles has generally increased and heterozygosity has decreased. Latitudinal patterns in stickleback plate phenotypes suggest that evolution at Eda is a response to climate‐driven habitat transformation rather than a direct consequence of climate. As climate change has reduced precipitation and increased temperature and drought, bar‐built estuaries have transitioned from lotic (flowing‐water) to lentic (still‐water) habitats, where the low‐plated allele is favoured. The low‐plated allele has achieved fixation at the driest, hottest southernmost sites, a trend that is progressing northward with climate change. Climate‐driven habitat change is therefore causing a reduction in genetic variation that may hinder future adaptation for populations facing multiple threats.
Cost estimate of chronic hemodialysis in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A prospective study in two centers
Authors: Izeidi Patrick P. M. , Nlandu Yannick M. , Lepira François B. , Makulo Jean‐Robert R. , Engole Yannick M. , Mokoli Vieux M. , Bukabau Justine B. , Kwilu Fulbert N. , Nseka Nazaire M. , Sumaili Ernest K. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe number of patients on dialysis has significantly increased worldwide. However, prospective studies estimating the cost of hemodialysis (HD) in sub‐Saharan Africa remain scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the direct cost of treating end stage renal disease. Determinants of additional direct cost were also assessed.MethodsThis study is an analytical, prospective study of cost performed at two HD centers in Kinshasa for a period of 3 months among HD patients enrolled consecutively. The cost analyzed includes only expenditures: consultation, HD session, drugs, comorbidities, laboratory tests, and imaging. Transportation, patient hospitalization, and indirect costs are not taken into account. The determinants of the additional direct cost of HD are identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 is the level of statistical significance.FindingsThe average quarterly direct cost of chronic HD in United States Dollars (US$) is $7070 (~US$28,280 annual cost) at a rate of US$287 per patient per HD session. This cost includes the HD session (US$237) and medicine (US$33) costs, which account for 82.5% and 11.3% of the direct costs, respectively. The presence of at least 4 comorbidities (OR adjusted 4.3, 95% CI [1.23–14.95], P = 0.022) and infection (adjusted OR 4.56, 95% CI [1.05–19.85], P = 0.043) emerged as independent determinants of additional direct cost.ConclusionThe direct cost of HD is very high in Kinshasa, where more than 80% of Congolese people live on less than US$1.25 a day.
Care Pathways in a Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse (SCAN) service
Authors: Raymond Cora , Myers Susan , Daly Robert , Murray Declan , Lyne John 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse service has been developed as a Primary Care suicide intervention over the last decade. The current study aimed to describe the demographic details of users of this nurse led service, and to evaluate subsequent care pathways following this intervention.MethodsThis study was conducted using a retrospective file review with a cross‐sectional observational design investigating demographic details of service users and care pathways in a Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse service within a defined catchment area of Ireland between June 2015 and May 2017.ResultsThe majority of referrals were managed in Primary Care following Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse intervention. There was an increase in Primary Care management pathway in the second year of the service which was independent of age and gender.ConclusionThere was an increase in referrals to the service over time, and the majority of presentations were managed in primary care following Suicide Crisis Assessment Nurse intervention. The study suggests that primary care interventions for suicidal crises merit further research.
Different tissue thermodynamics between the 40 W and 20 W radiofrequency power settings under the same ablation index/lesion size index
Authors: Takemoto Makoto , Takami Mitsuru , Fukuzawa Koji , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Kurose Jun , Suehiro Hideya , Nagamatsu Yuichi , Akita Tomomi , Nakamura Toshihiro , Sakai Jun , Yatomi Atsusuke , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe ablation index (AI) and lesion size index (LSI) are novel markers for predicting the ablation lesion quality, however, collateral damage is still a concern. This study aimed to compare the lesion characteristics and tissue temperature profiles between 20 W (20 Ws) and 40 W (40 Ws) ablation settings under the same AI and LSI.MethodsAn ex vivo model consisting of swine myocardium (5‐6 mm thickness) in a circulating, warmed saline bath was used. Twenty‐one tissue temperature electrodes were used. Radiofrequency applications with different power settings were performed with a 10 to 12 g contact force until the AI and LSI reached 350 and 4.5, respectively.ResultsA total of 120 radiofrequency (RF) applications and 2520 tissue temperature profiles were analyzed. The speed of the tissue temperature rise with 40 Ws was significantly faster than that with 20 Ws. However, the maximum tissue temperature did not significantly differ between 20 and 40 Ws with the same AI (44.6°C ± 3.9°C vs 45.1°C ± 6.4°C, P = .73), and was significantly lower for 40 Ws with the same LSI (42.8°C ± 3.4°C vs 40.0°C ± 3.4°C, P = .003). For both the AI and LSI, the number of electrodes exhibiting high temperatures (≥39°C) was significantly larger and the duration of high tissue temperatures was significantly longer with 20 Ws. The thermal latency with 40 Ws was greater.ConclusionsAlthough the targeted AI and LSI were the same for both 20 and 40 Ws, the tissue temperature profiles differed greatly depending on the RF power setting. A high power setting based on the AI and LSI may reduce the collateral thermal damage.
Natural history and clinical outcomes of inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Authors: Shabtaie Samuel A. , Witt Chance M. , Asirvatham Samuel J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLimited data are available regarding the demographics, disease associations, and long‐term prognosis of patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST).ObjectiveTo establish epidemiologic data for patients with IST, including symptom onset, comorbid disease, and long‐term outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with an IST diagnosis at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) during a 20‐year period (1998‐2018). We extracted demographic data and clinical outcomes compared to an age and gender‐matched control group with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT).ResultsWithin the study period, a total of 305 patients with IST were identified (mean follow‐up 3.5 years) with 92.1% female and mean age 33.2 ± 11.2 years. The most frequently identified circumstances triggering the condition included pregnancy (7.9%) and infectious illness (5.9%) while the most common comorbid conditions were depression (25.6%) and anxiety (24.6%). At diagnosis, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 62.3 ± 6.2%, with 77 patients having follow‐up echocardiographic data. No significant difference in LVEF was seen after a mean 4.9 ± 4.3‐year follow‐up (baseline LVEF 59.8 ± 10.7% vs subsequent 61.4 ± 8.1%; P = .2971). Two deaths occurred within the study period, with one related to myocardial infarction and the other noncardiac; compared to an age and gender‐matched AVNRT control group there was no excess mortality during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsIn our study cohort, IST predominately affects young females with structurally normal hearts and modest coexistent psychiatric disease. In most cases of IST, a major event occurring just before or at the time of diagnosis could not be identified, although nearly 8% of patients first noted symptoms during or shortly after pregnancy. In our cohort, there was no evidence of cardiomyopathy or mortality related to IST.
Melatonin preconditioning is an effective strategy for mesenchymal stem cell‐based therapy for kidney disease
Authors: Zhao Lingfei , Hu Chenxia , Zhang Ping , Jiang Hua , Chen Jianghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on multiple studies in animal models, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐based therapy appears to be an innovative intervention approach with tremendous potential for the management of kidney disease. However, the clinical therapeutic effects of MSCs in either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) are still under debate. Hurdles originate from the harsh microenvironment in vivo that decreases the cell survival rate, paracrine activity and migratory capacity of MSCs after transplantation, which are believed to be the main reasons for their limited effects in clinical applications. Melatonin is traditionally regarded as a circadian rhythm‐regulated neurohormone but in recent years has been found to exhibit antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Because inflammation, oxidative stress, thermal injury, and hypoxia are abnormally activated in kidney disease, application of melatonin preconditioning to optimize the MSC response to the hostile in vivo microenvironment before transplantation is of great importance. In this review, we discuss current knowledge concerning the beneficial effects of melatonin preconditioning in MSC‐based therapy for kidney disease. By summarizing the available information and discussing the underlying mechanisms, we aim to improve the therapeutic effects of MSC‐based therapy for kidney disease and accelerate translation to clinical application.
The online attention to research in periodontology: An Altmetric study on the most discussed articles on the web
Authors: Garcovich Daniele , Ausina Marquez Veronica , Adobes Martin Milagros 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the online attention to research in the field of Periodontology. To assess the correlation between the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and the citations count in Web of Science (WOS), Scopus and Dimensions.Material and MethodsThe articles were identified by a search performed through the Dimensions Free App. The search included the six journals related to periodontology listed in the Journal Citation Report (JCR) in the year 2017. The 200 articles with the highest AAS were collected and screened for data related to publication, authorship and research. Citations were harvested from WOS, Scopus and Dimensions.ResultsThe Journal of Clinical Periodontology was the most prevalent publication accounting for the 51, 5% of the published items followed by the Journal of Periodontology that published the 34, 5% of the 200 articles with the highest AAS. 65% of these articles were published between 2013 and 2018. The mean AAS was 33, 81 being Tweets and news outlets the most frequent Altmetric resources. Systematic reviews were the most prevalent study design. The correlation between the AAS and the citations in WOS, Dimensions and Scopus was poor. A strong correlation exists between the citations in WOS, Dimensions and Scopus.ConclusionsOnline attention to periodontal research is high. Systemic interaction studies had a significantly higher visibility. The classic citations count in combination with the AAS can offer a more comprehensive insight into research by highlighting what is valuable for the researcher and for the lay persons. The online profile of journals should be edited to facilitate spread of research information in non‐scholar audiences.
Neurodevelopmental and genetic determinants of exposure to adversity among youth at risk for mental illness
Authors: Zwicker Alyson , MacKenzie Lynn E. , Drobinin Vladislav , Bagher Amina M. , Howes Vallis Emily , Propper Lukas , Bagnell Alexa , Abidi Sabina , Pavlova Barbara , Alda Martin , Denovan‐Wright Eileen M. , Uher Rudolf 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability have been linked with increased likelihood of exposure to adversity. We hypothesized that these associations may be partly due to genetic factors.MethodsWe calculated polygenic scores for ADHD and intelligence and assessed psychopathology and general cognitive ability in a sample of 297 youth aged 5–27 years enriched for offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders. We calculated an adversity score as a mean of 10 indicators, including socio‐economic disadvantage, childhood maltreatment and bullying. We tested the effects of polygenic scores, externalizing symptoms and IQ on adversity scores using mixed‐effects linear regression.ResultsExternalizing symptoms and general cognitive ability showed expected positive and negative relationships with adversity, respectively. Polygenic scores for intelligence were unrelated to adversity, but polygenic scores for ADHD were associated with adversity (β = 0.23, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.34, p < .0001). ADHD polygenic scores uniquely explained 4.0% of variance in adversity score. The relationship between polygenic scores for ADHD and adversity was independently significant among individuals with (β = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.75, p < .0001) and without (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.26, p = .022) ADHD.ConclusionsA genetic score indexing liability to ADHD was associated with exposure to adversity in early life. Previously observed associations between externalizing symptoms, lower cognitive ability and adversity may be partially attributed to genetic liability to ADHD.
Description of a new species of Phoxinus from the upper Krka River (Adriatic Basin) in Croatia (Actinopterygii: Leuciscidae), first discovered as a molecular clade
Authors: Bogutskaya Nina G. , Jelić Dušan , Vucić Matej , Jelić Mišel , Diripasko Oleg A. , Stefanov Tihomir , Klobučar Göran 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing morphometric, meristic and qualitative characters, we confirmed a specific status of a clade discovered based on molecular data only. The newly described species Phoxinus krkae has a very local distribution in the upper Krka River but is easily morphologically distinguished from geographically neighbouring species with much wider ranges: Phoxinus lumaireul, Phoxinus marsilii and Phoxinus csikii. Phoxinus krkae is well differentiated in statistical analyses and differs from other species of Phoxinus in northern Adriatic Sea drainages and right‐bank tributaries of the middle and lower River Danube by a combination of characters, none of them unique: caudal peduncle length 1.9–2.2 times minimum depth of caudal peduncle; upper lip not projecting beyond lower lip; rostral fold absent; total number of scales in lateral series 74–84; lateral line incomplete and interrupted, commonly 17–49 (< 60% of total number of scales in lateral series) with no or few canal segments on posterior body and caudal peduncle; scales on belly extending forward to over middle of distance between pelvic‐fin base and pectoral‐fin origin; patches of breast scales commonly connected by scattered scales or forming 1–3 regular rows of scales; total vertebrae commonly 38–39 (22 + 17, 22 + 16 or 21 + 17). The study reveals unrecognised morphological diversity within the group and provides the groundwork for future taxonomic study in Phoxinus in the Adriatic region and the Danube Basin.
Prediction of Salmonella presence and absence in agricultural surface waters by artificial intelligence approaches
Authors: Polat Hasan , Topalcengiz Zeynal , Danyluk Michelle D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence tools for the prediction of Salmonella presence and absence in agricultural surface waters based on the population of microbiological indicators (total coliform, generic Escherichia coli, and enterococci) and physicochemical attributes of water (air and water temperature, conductivity, ORP, pH, and turbidity). Previously collected data set from six agricultural ponds monitored for two growing seasons were used for analysis. Classification algorithms including artificial neural networks (ANNs), the nearest neighborhood algorithm (kNN), and support vector machines (SVM) were trained and tested with a 539‐point data set for optimum prediction accuracy. Classification accuracy performances were validated with data set (400 samples) collected from different agricultural surface water sources. All tested algorithms yielded the highest accuracy around 75 ± 1% for generic E. coli followed by enterococci (65 ± 5%) and total coliform (60 ± 10%). Classifiers calculated 6–15% higher accuracy ranging from 62 to 66% for turbidity than all other tested physicochemical attributes. Based on E. coli populations measured in other water sources, trained algorithms predicted the presence and absence of Salmonella with an accuracy between 58.15 and 59.23%. The classification performance of ANN, kNN, and SVM algorithms are encouraging for the prediction of Salmonella in agricultural surface waters.
TCD Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes during Moderate‐Intensity Exercise in Older Adults
Authors: Alwatban Mohammed R. , Liu Yumei , Perdomo Sophy J. , Ward Jaimie L. , Vidoni Eric D. , Burns Jeffrey M. , Billinger Sandra A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEExercise plays an important role in supporting overall brain health. However, the mechanisms by which exercise supports brain health are imprecisely defined. Further, brain hemodynamic changes during exercise are not clearly understood, especially in older adults. The primary aim of this study was to compare cerebral blood flow velocity and pulsatility index (PI) during moderate‐intensity exercise between older adults with normal pulsatile flow (normal PI) and older adults with elevated pulsatile flow (elevated PI). Secondary aims were to compare cardiovascular disease risk and cognitive function between individuals with elevated and nonelevated PI.METHODSUsing transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) and PI were recorded during the rest and moderate‐intensity exercise. End tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and beat‐to‐beat mean arterial blood pressure were also recorded.RESULTSWe enrolled 104 older adults into the study. The change in PI was greater in normal PI group (35.5% vs. 21.3%, P = .005). The change in MCAv was similar in both groups (11.6% for normal PI vs. 10.6% for elevated PI; P = .22). There was no significant difference in cardiovascular disease risk between the two groups (P = .77). Individuals with elevated PI performed significantly worse in WAIS‐R Digit Symbol and Trail Making Test A (P = .04 and = .01, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe percent increase in PI from rest to moderate‐intensity exercise was attenuated in the older adults with elevated resting PI. Higher resting PI may negatively affect brain health as evidenced by the slower processing speed scores.