bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and haemodynamic factors affecting intraoperative graft flow during coronary artery bypass grafting: an observational pilot study
Authors: Lee Sang-Wook , Jo Jun-Young , Kim Wook-Jong , Choi Dae-Kee , Choi In-Cheol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransit-time flow measurement (TTFM) is frequently used to evaluate intraoperative quality control during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and has the ability to assess graft failure intraoperatively. However, perioperative factors affecting TTFM during CABG remain poorly understood. Patients who underwent CABG at a single institution between July 2016 and May 2018 were prospectively evaluated. TTFM and blood viscosity were measured haemodynamically, while mean flow (mL/min), pulsatility index, and diastolic filling were recorded. Arterial blood gas was analysed immediately after left internal mammary artery to left descending artery anastomosis and before sternal closure. Factors associated with TTFM were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. We evaluated 57 of the 62 patients who underwent CABG during the study period, including 49 who underwent off-pump and 8 who underwent on-pump surgeries. Blood viscosity was not significantly associated with TTFM (p > 0.05). However, TTFM was significantly associated with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac index (p < 0.05 each). In conclusion, maintaining the SBP in the perioperative period and maintaining the CI with inotropic support or fluid resuscitation can be important in improving blood flow of graft vessels after surgery.
Fermi-crossing Type-II Dirac fermions and topological surface states in NiTe2
Authors: Mukherjee Saumya , Jung Sung Won , Weber Sophie F. , Xu Chunqiang , Qian Dong , Xu Xiaofeng , Biswas Pabitra K. , Kim Timur K. , Chapon Laurent C. , Watson Matthew D. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Cacho Cephise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer an ideal platform to experimentally realize Dirac fermions. However, typically these exotic quasiparticles are located far away from the Fermi level, limiting the contribution of Dirac-like carriers to the transport properties. Here we show that NiTe2 hosts both bulk Type-II Dirac points and topological surface states. The underlying mechanism is shared with other TMDs and based on the generic topological character of the Te p-orbital manifold. However, unique to NiTe2, a significant contribution of Ni d orbital states shifts the energy of the Type-II Dirac point close to the Fermi level. In addition, one of the topological surface states intersects the Fermi energy and exhibits a remarkably large spin splitting of 120 meV. Our results establish NiTe2 as an exciting candidate for next-generation spintronics devices.
Substrate-induced strain in 2D layered GaSe materials grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Liu Cheng-Wei , Dai Jin-Ji , Wu Ssu-Kuan , Diep Nhu-Quynh , Huynh Sa-Hoang , Mai Thi-Thu , Wen Hua-Chiang , Yuan Chi-Tsu , Chou Wu-Ching , Shen Ji-Lin , Luc Huy-Hoang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) layered GaSe films were grown on GaAs (001), GaN/Sapphire, and Mica substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The in situ reflective high-energy electron diffraction monitoring reveals randomly in-plane orientations of nucleated GaSe layers grown on hexagonal GaN/Sapphire and Mica substrates, whereas single-orientation GaSe domain is predominant in the GaSe/GaAs (001) sample. Strong red-shifts in the frequency of in-plane $${E}_{2g}^{2}$$E2g2 vibration modes and bound exciton emissions observed from Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectra in all samples are attributed to the unintentionally biaxial in-plane tensile strains, induced by the dissimilarity of symmetrical surface structure between the 2D-GaSe layers and the substrates during the epitaxial growth. The results in this study provide an important understanding of the MBE-growth process of 2D-GaSe on 2D/3D hybrid-heterostructures and pave the way in strain engineering and optical manipulation of 2D layered GaSe materials for novel optoelectronic integrated technologies.
SiC transmission-type polarization rotator using a large magneto-optical effect boosted and stabilized by dressed photons
Authors: Kadowaki Takuya , Kawazoe Tadashi , Ohtsu Motoichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper reports the fabrication and operation of a transmission-type polarization rotator for visible light with a wavelength of 450 nm using indirect-transition-type semiconductor crystalline SiC in which Al atoms were implanted as a p-type dopant. A novel dressed-photon–phonon (DPP)-assisted annealing method was used for fabrication. The fabricated device exhibited a gigantic magneto-optical effect induced by interactions between photons, electrons, phonons, and magnetic fields in a nanometric space, mediated by dressed photons. The optical path length for polarization rotation was as short as the thickness of the p–n junction. It operated with a weak magnetic field on the order of mT, generated by injecting current to a ring-shaped electrode on the device surface. The Verdet constant was as large as 9.51 × 104 rad/T.m at a wavelength of 450 nm. SQUID measurements confirmed that the SiC crystal exhibited conspicuous ferromagnetic characteristics as a result of the DPP-assisted annealing. In this device, the dressed photons boosted the magnitude of the magneto-optical effect and stabilized the device operation of the polarization rotator.
A mixed culture of bacterial cells enables an economic DNA storage on a large scale
Authors: Hao Min , Qiao Hongyan , Gao Yanmin , Wang Zhaoguan , Qiao Xin , Chen Xin , Qi Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA emerged as a novel potential material for mass data storage, offering the possibility to cheaply solve a great data storage problem. Large oligonucleotide pools demonstrated high potential of large-scale data storage in test tube, meanwhile, living cell with high fidelity in information replication. Here we show a mixed culture of bacterial cells carrying a large oligo pool that was assembled in a high-copy-number plasmid was presented as a stable material for large-scale data storage. The underlying principle was explored by deep bioinformatic analysis. Although homology assembly showed sequence context dependent bias, the large oligonucleotide pools in the mixed culture were constant over multiple successive passages. Finally, over ten thousand distinct oligos encompassing 2304 Kbps encoding 445 KB digital data, were stored in cells, the largest storage in living cells reported so far and present a previously unreported approach for bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems.
Genomic epidemiology of animal-derived tigecycline-resistant Escherichia coli across China reveals recent endemic plasmid-encoded tet(X4) gene
Authors: Sun Chengtao , Cui Mingquan , Zhang Shan , Liu Dejun , Fu Bo , Li Zekun , Bai Rina , Wang Yaxin , Wang Hejia , Song Li , Zhang Chunping , Zhao Qi , Shen Jianzhong , Xu Shixin , Wu Congming , Wang Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPublic health interventions to control the recent emergence of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance genes rely on a comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology and distribution over a wide range of geographical scales. Here we analysed an Escherichia coli collection isolated from pigs and chickens in China in 2018, and ascertained that the tet(X4) gene was not present at high prevalence across China, but was highly endemic in northwestern China. Genomic analysis of tet(X4)-positive E. coli demonstrated a recent and regional dissemination of tet(X4) among various clonal backgrounds and plasmids in northwestern China, whereas a parallel epidemic coincided with the independent acquisition of tet(X4) in E. coli from the remaining provinces. The high genetic similarity of tet(X4)-positive E. coli and human commensal E. coli suggests the possibility of its spreading into humans. Our study provides a systematic analysis of the current epidemiology of tet(X4) and identifies priorities for optimising timely intervention strategies.
Visualizing drug binding interactions using microcrystal electron diffraction
Authors: Clabbers Max T. B. , Fisher S. Zoë , Coinçon Mathieu , Zou Xiaodong , Xu Hongyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVisualizing ligand binding interactions is important for structure-based drug design and fragment-based screening methods. Rapid and uniform soaking with potentially reduced lattice defects make small macromolecular crystals attractive targets for studying drug binding using microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED). However, so far no drug binding interactions could unambiguously be resolved by electron diffraction alone. Here, we use MicroED to study the binding of a sulfonamide inhibitor to human carbonic anhydrase isoform II (HCA II). We show that MicroED data can efficiently be collected on a conventional transmission electron microscope from thin hydrated microcrystals soaked with the clinical drug acetazolamide (AZM). The data are of high enough quality to unequivocally fit and resolve the bound inhibitor. We anticipate MicroED can play an important role in facilitating in-house fragment screening for drug discovery, complementing existing methods in structural biology such as X-ray and neutron diffraction.
Intramolecular crossover from unconventional diamagnetism to paramagnetism of palladium ions probed by soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism
Authors: Smekhova Alevtina , Schmitz Detlef , Izarova Natalya V. , Stuckart Maria , Shams S. Fatemeh , Siemensmeyer Konrad , de Groot Frank M. F. , Kögerler Paul , Schmitz-Antoniak Carolin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe case of palladium(II) ions in molecular polyoxopalladates highlights the importance of accounting not only for nearest neighbour atoms or ions in order to understand, model or predict magnetic characteristics. Here, using site-specific soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), the effects of different bond lengths, delocalization of 4d electrons, and 4d spin-orbit coupling on the electronic and magnetic properties are investigated and three different states identified: Conventional diamagnetism in a square-planar O4 coordination environment, paramagnetism caused by four additional out-of-plane oxygen anions, and an unusual diamagnetic state in the diamagnetic/paramagnetic crossover region modified by significant mixing of states and facilitated by the substantial 4d spin-orbit coupling. The two diamagnetic states can be distinguished by characteristic XMCD fine structures, thereby overcoming the common limitation of XMCD to ferro-/ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic materials in external magnetic fields. The qualitative interpretation of the results is corroborated by simulations based on charge transfer multiplet calculations and density functional theory results.
The 29F nucleus as a lighthouse on the coast of the island of inversion
Authors: Fortunato L. , Casal J. , Horiuchi W. , Singh Jagjit , Vitturi A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe exotic, neutron-rich and weakly-bound isotope 29F stands out as a waymarker on the southern shore of the island of inversion, a portion of the nuclear chart where the effects of nuclear forces lead to a reshuffling of the single particle levels and to a reorganization of the nuclear structure far from stability. This nucleus has become very popular, as new measurements allow to refine theoretical models. We review the latest developments and suggest how to further assess the structure by proposing predictions on electromagnetic transitions that new experiments of Relativistic Coulomb Excitation should soon become able to measure.
A holistic view of mammalian (vertebrate) cellular iron uptake
Authors: Kosman Daniel J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cell iron uptake in mammals is commonly distinguished by whether the iron is presented to the cell as transferrin-bound or not: TBI or NTBI. This generic perspective conflates TBI with canonical transferrin receptor, endosomal iron uptake, and NTBI with uptake supported by a plasma membrane-localized divalent metal ion transporter, most often identified as DMT1. In fact, iron uptake by mammalian cells is far more nuanced than this somewhat proscribed view suggests. This view fails to accommodate the substantial role that ZIP8 and ZIP14 play in iron uptake, while adhering to the traditional premise that a relatively high endosomal [H+] is thermodynamically required for release of iron from holo-Tf. The canonical view of iron uptake also does not encompass the fact that plasma membrane electron transport – PMET – has long been linked to cell iron uptake. In fact, the known mammalian metallo-reductases – Dcytb and the STEAP proteins – are members of this cohort of cytochrome-dependent oxido-reductases that shuttle reducing equivalents across the plasma membrane. A not commonly appreciated fact is the reduction potential of ferric iron in holo-Tf is accessible to cytoplasmic reducing equivalents – reduced pyridine and flavin mono- and di-nucleotides and dihydroascorbic acid. This allows for the reductive release of Fe2+ at the extracellular surface of the PM and subsequent transport into the cytoplasm by a neutral pH transporter – a ZIP protein. What this perspective emphasizes is that there are two TfR-dependent uptake pathways, one which does and one which does not involve clathrin-dependent, endolysosomal trafficking. This raises the question as to the selective advantage of having two Tf, TfR-dependent routes of iron accumulation. This review of canonical and non-canonical iron uptake uses cerebral iron trafficking as a point of discussion, a focus that encourages inclusion also of the importance of ferritin as a circulating ‘chaperone’ of ferric iron.
Charge transport in phenazine-fused triphenylene discotic mesogens doped with CdS nanowires
Authors: Shah Asmita , Duponchel Benoit , Gowda Ashwathanarayana , Kumar Sandeep , Becuwe Matthieu , Davoisne Carine , Legrand Christian , Douali Redouane , Singh Dharmendra Pratap 
Published: July 2020

We report the synthesis of oleylamine capped CdS nanowires and we have dispersed a small optimized amount of these NWs in the Colh phase of a recently synthesized phenazine-fused-triphenylene discotic liquid crystal to understand the temperature-dependent charge transport.
Does the mean-fieldαeffect have any impact on the memory of the solar cycle?
Authors: Hazra Soumitra , Brun Allan Sacha , Nandy Dibyendu 
Published: July 2020

Context.Predictions of solar cycle 24 obtained from advection-dominated and diffusion-dominated kinematic dynamo models are different if the Babcock–Leighton mechanism is the only source of the poloidal field. Some previous studies argue that the discrepancy arises due to different memories of the solar dynamo for advection- and diffusion-dominated solar convection zones.Aims.We aim to investigate the differences in solar cycle memory obtained from advection-dominated and diffusion-dominated kinematic solar dynamo models. Specifically, we explore whether inclusion of Parker’s mean-fieldαeffect, in addition to the Babcock–Leighton mechanism, has any impact on the memory of the solar cycle.Methods.We used a kinematic flux transport solar dynamo model where poloidal field generation takes place due to both the Babcock–Leighton mechanism and the mean-fieldαeffect. We additionally considered stochastic fluctuations in this model and explored cycle-to-cycle correlations between the polar field at minima and toroidal field at cycle maxima.Results.Solar dynamo memory is always limited to only one cycle in diffusion-dominated dynamo regimes while in advection-dominated regimes the memory is distributed over a few solar cycles. However, the addition of a mean-fieldαeffect reduces the memory of the solar dynamo to within one cycle in the advection-dominated dynamo regime when there are no fluctuations in the mean-fieldαeffect. When fluctuations are introduced in the mean-field poloidal source a more complex scenario is evident, with very weak but significant correlations emerging across a few cycles.Conclusions.Our results imply that inclusion of a mean-fieldαeffect in the framework of a flux transport Babcock–Leighton dynamo model leads to additional complexities that may impact memory and predictability of predictive dynamo models of the solar cycle.
First detection of 13CH in the interstellar medium
Authors: Jacob Arshia M. , Menten Karl M. , Wiesemeyer Helmut , Güsten Rolf , Wyrowski Friedrich , Klein Bernd 
Published: July 2020

In recent years, a plethora of observations with high spectral resolution of sub-millimetre and far-infrared transitions of methylidene (CH), conducted with Herschel and SOFIA, have demonstrated this radical to be a valuable proxy for molecular hydrogen that can be used for characterising molecular gas within the interstellar medium on a Galactic scale, including the CO-dark component. We report the discovery of the 13CH isotopologue in the interstellar medium using the upGREAT receiver on board SOFIA. We have detected the three hyperfine structure components of the ≈2 THz frequency transition from its X2Π1∕2 ground-state towards the high-mass star-forming regions Sgr B2(M), G34.26+0.15, W49(N), and W51E and determined 13CH column densities. The ubiquity of molecules containing carbon in the interstellar medium has turned the determination of the ratio between the abundances of the two stable isotopes of carbon, 12C/13C, into a cornerstone for Galactic chemical evolution studies. Whilst displaying a rising gradient with galactocentric distance, this ratio, when measured using observations of different molecules (CO, H2CO, and others), shows systematic variations depending on the tracer used. These observed inconsistencies may arise from optical depth effects, chemical fractionation, or isotope-selective photo-dissociation. Formed from C+ either through UV-driven or turbulence-driven chemistry, CH reflects the fractionation of C+, and does not show any significant fractionation effects, unlike other molecules that were previously used to determine the 12C/13C isotopic ratio. This makes it an ideal tracer for the 12C/13C ratio throughout the Galaxy. By comparing the derived column densities of 13CH with previously obtained SOFIA data of the corresponding transitions of the main isotopologue 12CH, we therefore derive 12C/13C isotopic ratios toward Sgr B2(M), G34.26+0.15, W49(N) and W51E. Adding our values derived from 12∕13CH to previous calculations of the Galactic isotopic gradient, we derive a revised value of 12C/13C = 5.87(0.45)RGC + 13.25(2.94).
γ-ray/infrared luminosity correlation of star-forming galaxies
Authors: Kornecki P. , Pellizza L. J. , del Palacio S. , Müller A. L. , Albacete-Colombo J. F. , Romero G. E. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Nearly a dozen star-forming galaxies have been detected in γ-rays by the Fermi observatory in the last decade. A remarkable property of this sample is the quasi-linear relation between the γ-ray luminosity and the star formation rate, which was obtained assuming that the latter is well traced by the infrared luminosity of the galaxies. The non-linearity of this relation has not been fully explained yet.
Aims. We aim to determine the biases derived from the use of the infrared luminosity as a proxy for the star formation rate and to shed light on the more fundamental relation between the latter and the γ-ray luminosity. We expect to quantify and explain some trends observed in this relation.
Methods. We compiled a near-homogeneous set of distances, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and γ-ray fluxes from the literature for all known γ-ray emitting, star-forming galaxies. From these data, we computed the infrared and γ-ray luminosities, and star formation rates. We determined the best-fitting relation between the latter two, and we describe the trend using simple, population-orientated models for cosmic-ray transport and cooling.
Results. We find that the γ-ray luminosity–star formation rate relation obtained from infrared luminosities is biased to shallower slopes. The actual relation is steeper than previous estimates, having a power-law index of 1.35 ± 0.05, in contrast to 1.23 ± 0.06.
Conclusions. The unbiased γ-ray luminosity–star formation rate relation can be explained at high star formation rates by assuming that the cosmic-ray cooling region is kiloparsec-sized and pervaded by mild to fast winds. Combined with previous results about the scaling of wind velocity with star formation rate, our work provides support to advection as the dominant cosmic-ray escape mechanism in galaxies with low star formation rates.
Dynamical traceback age of theβPictoris moving group
Authors: Miret-Roig N. , Galli P. A. B. , Brandner W. , Bouy H. , Barrado D. , Olivares J. , Antoja T. , Romero-Gómez M. , Figueras F. , Lillo-Box J. 
Published: July 2020

Context.TheβPictoris moving group is one of the most well-known young associations in the solar neighbourhood and several members are known to host circumstellar discs, planets, and comets. Measuring its age precisely is essential to the study of several astrophysical processes, such as planet formation and disc evolution, which are strongly age-dependent.Aims.We aim to determine a precise and accurate dynamical traceback age for theβPictoris moving group.Methods.Our sample combines the extremely preciseGaiaDR2 astrometry with ground-based radial velocities measured in an homogeneous manner. We use an updated version of our algorithm to determine dynamical ages. The new approach takes into account a robust estimate of the spatial and kinematic covariance matrices of the association to improve the sample selection process and to perform the traceback analysis.Results.We estimate a dynamical age of 18.5−2.4+2.0Myr for theβPictoris moving group. We investigated the spatial substructure of the association at the time of birth and we propose the existence of a core of stars that is more concentrated. We also provide precise radial velocity measurements for 81 members ofβPic, including ten stars with the first determinations of their radial velocities.Conclusions.Our dynamical traceback age is three times more precise than previous traceback age estimates and, more importantly, for the first time it reconciles the traceback age with the most recent estimates of other dynamical, lithium depletion boundaries and isochronal ages. This has been possible thanks to the excellent astrometric and spectroscopic precisions, the homogeneity of our sample, and the detailed analysis of binaries and membership.
Anästhesiologisches Management von herz- und lungentransplantierten Patienten
Authors: Karsten Jan 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Zahl herz- und lungentransplantierter Patienten wächst stetig und ihre Lebenserwartung steigt. Somit nimmt auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit zu, dass einige dieser Patienten Komorbiditäten entwickeln, die einen chirurgischen Eingriff erfordern. Das perioperative anästhesiologische Management herz- und lungentransplantierter Patienten ist eine große Herausforderung – dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick.
Hirntod und Umgang mit (potenziellen) Organspendern und Angehörigen
Authors: Ungerer Matthias N. , Schönenberger Silvia , Barreiros Ana Paula , Blaes-Eise Anne-Bärbel , Rahmel Axel 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren hat die Diagnose des irreversiblen Hirnfunktionsausfalls bei schwer hirngeschädigten Patienten an Bedeutung gewonnen. Der Hirntod, definiert als nicht behebbarer Ausfall der Gesamtfunktion des Großhirns, des Kleinhirns und des Hirnstamms, ist Voraussetzung zur Organentnahme im Rahmen einer Organspende. Der Artikel stellt die gesetzlichen und organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen vor.