bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood trauma, parental bonding, and social cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults
Authors: Rokita Karolina I. , Dauvermann Maria R. , Mothersill David , Holleran Laurena , Holland Jessica , Costello Laura , Cullen Caroline , Kane Ruán , McKernan Declan , Morris Derek W. , Kelly John , Gill Michael , Corvin Aiden , Hallahan Brian , McDonald Colm , Donohoe Gary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated associations between childhood trauma, parental bonding, and social cognition (i.e., Theory of Mind and emotion recognition) in patients with schizophrenia and healthy adults.MethodsUsing cross‐sectional data, we examined the recollections of childhood trauma experiences and social cognitive abilities in 74 patients with schizophrenia and 116 healthy adults.ResultsPatients had significantly higher scores compared with healthy participants on childhood trauma, and lower scores on parental bonding and social cognitive measures. Physical neglect was found to be the strongest predictor of emotion recognition impairments in both groups. Optimal parental bonding attenuated the impact of childhood trauma on emotion recognition.ConclusionThe present study provides evidence of an association between physical neglect and emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals and shows that both childhood trauma and parental bonding may influence social cognitive development. Psychosocial interventions should be developed to prevent and mitigate the long‐term effects of childhood adversities.
Beyond perfect? A case illustration of working with perfectionism using cognitive behavior therapy
Authors: Rozental Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerfectionism can result in negative consequences for those who set unattainable goals and repeatedly strive to achieve high standards. Relying on inflexible behaviors and building one's self‐worth around success can become problematic and affect performance, interpersonal relationships, and cause mental distress. In the current case illustration, perfectionism's negative implications are depicted through a client named Sara, a stressed‐out junior physician who just graduated from medical school. Struggling with issues related to self‐worth, depression, worry, independence, and interpersonal difficulties, Sara underwent cognitive behavior therapy during 15 sessions. The case illustration shows how an individualized conceptualization of perfectionism can be made and what is important to target in treatment, such as preventing the need for repeated checking, conducting surveys to refute dysfunctional beliefs, and introducing activities that are unrelated to accomplishments. Current research on the efficacy of treating perfectionism is also summarized and interventions particularly relevant for clinical practice are presented.
Joint action as a practice of memory transmission in a poor urban neighborhood of Santiago, Chile
Authors: Jeanneret Brith Francisco J. , Reyes Andreani María J. , Cruz Contreras María A. , Castillo Vega César M. , Jeanneret Brith Juan E. , Pavez Pérez Juan F. , Badilla Rajevic Manuela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Latin America, one of the key tasks of Community and Liberation Psychology has been to recover the memories of marginalized and excluded communities that have experienced multiple pasts marked by political violence. In Chile, researchers have focused on poor urban neighborhoods, where the question of how memories are transmitted in areas where conflicts and violence are still present has been overlooked. In this context, the following article aims to analyze the ways in which memories are transmitted in a neighborhood that has a long organizational history in the struggle against social inequalities; while at the same time being classified as a critical area by the state due to its current levels of violence and social conflict. The researchers led a 3‐year case study from an ethnographic perspective, and applied a collaborative methodology that brought together the research team and the members of a territorial organization. The analysis is based on 72 interviews, 5 conversation groups and ethnographic observation. The data was analyzed using discourse analysis. The results revealed that the main form of memory transmission is not based on intergenerational narratives of the past, but rather on joint action; namely, dialogical practices among neighborhood residents that generate an ethos; a common way of life.
Finding home: Community integration experiences of formerly homeless women with problematic substance use in Housing First
Authors: Bassi Amandeep , Sylvestre John , Kerman Nick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThis study explored community integration among women participating in a Housing First program. Physical, social, and psychological dimensions of community integration were examined.MethodsThis study used neighborhood walk‐along and photo‐elicitation interviews to explore 16 formerly homeless women's experiences of community integration.ResultsParticipants described limited community integration. Health, poverty, service inaccessibility, and safety concerns shaped how they took part in activities in their neighborhoods. Participants primarily socialized with people in their buildings, though some preferred to keep to themselves. There was minimal sense of neighborhood belonging, with participants not interested in belonging to a community and being judged by others.ConclusionHousing First promoted housing stability but did not contribute to community integration. Participants did not express a strong desire to integrate in their communities. Future research should consider the extent to which community integration remains a priority for marginalized populations, such as formerly homeless women.
The tumour microenvironment and metabolism in renal cell carcinoma targeted or immune therapy
Authors: Lai Yongchang , Tang Fucai , Huang Yapeng , He Chengwu , Chen Chiheng , Zhao Jiquan , Wu Wenqi , He Zhaohui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common tumours of the urinary system, and is insidious and not susceptible to chemoradiotherapy. As the most common subtype of RCC (70–80% of cases), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by the loss of von Hippel–Lindau and the accumulation of robust lipid and glycogen. For advanced RCC, molecular‐targeted drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been increasingly recommended and investigated. Due to the existence of a highly dynamic, adaptive and heterogeneous tumour microenvironment (TME), and due to the glucose and lipid metabolism in RCC, this cancer may be accompanied by various types of resistance to TKIs and ICIs. With the increased production of lactate, nitric oxide, and other new by‐products of metabolism, novel findings of the TME and key metabolic enzymes drived by HIF and other factors have been increasingly clarified in RCC carcinogenesis and therapy. However, there are few summaries of the TME and tumour metabolism for RCC progression and therapy. Here, we summarize and discuss the relationship of the important implicated characteristics of the TME as well as metabolic molecules and RCC carcinogenesis to provide prospects for future treatment strategies to overcome TME‐related resistance in RCC.
SPARC is a key mediator of TGF‐β‐induced renal cancer metastasis
Authors: Bao Ji‐Ming , Dang Qiang , Lin Chun‐Jung , Lo U‐Ging , Feldkoren Boris , Dang Andrew , Hernandez Elizabeth , Li Fei , Panwar Vandana , Lee Cheng‐Fan , Cen Jun‐Jie , Guan Bing , Margulis Vitaly , Kapur Payal , Brekken Rolf A. , Luo Jun‐Hang , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Tan Wan‐Long 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAberrant expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) is associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression by inducing cancer metastasis. However, the downstream effector(s) in TGF‐β signaling pathway is not fully characterized. In the present study, the elevation of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) as a TGF‐β regulated gene in RCC was identified by applying differentially expressed gene analysis and microarray analysis, we further confirmed this result in several RCC cell lines. Clinically, the expression of these two genes is positively correlated in RCC patient specimens. Furthermore, elevated SPARC expression is found in all the subtypes of RCC and positively correlated with the RCC stage and grade. In contrast, SPARC expression is inversely correlated with overall and disease‐free survival of patients with RCC, suggesting SPARC as a potent prognostic marker of RCC patient survival. Knocking down SPARC significantly inhibits RCC cell invasion and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, in vitro cell invasion can be diminished by using a specific monoclonal antibody. Mechanistically, SPARC activates protein kinase B (AKT) pathway leading to elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 that can facilitate RCC invasion. Altogether, our data support that SPARC is a critical role of TGF‐β signaling network underlying RCC progression and a potential therapeutic target as well as a prognostic marker.
The lncRNA ANRIL regulates endothelial dysfunction by targeting the let‐7b/TGF‐βR1 signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Xianglan , Li Shufeng , Yang Yi , Sun Yong , Yang Qingyuan , Gu Nan , Li Jing , Huang Tuo , Liu Ying , Dong Hui , Sun Song , Fu Guosheng , Wu Jian , Yu Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, the precise effect of ANRIL on endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated ANRIL expression in patients with coronary artery disease and elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying its effect. ANRIL expression was detected in the blood plasma of 111 patients. We analysed the correlation between ANRIL and endothelial dysfunction markers. We also examined the effect of ANRIL on the regulation of endothelial dysfunction. ANRIL levels were increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The expression of ANRIL is associated with the inflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin‐10, which are secreted in response to endothelial dysfunction. Knockdown of ANRIL significantly promoted cell proliferation and tubule formation and inhibited inflammatory activation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). ANRIL‐mediated inhibition of let‐7b regulates HUVEC dysfunction by targeting the TGF‐βR1/Smad signalling pathway. This study highlights a new therapeutic strategy for preventing endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular disease.
The role of NOX4 in pulmonary diseases
Authors: Li Zi‐Ming , Xu Sheng‐Ya , Feng Yi‐Zhuo , Cheng Yu‐Rui , Xiong Jian‐Bing , Zhou Yong , Guan Cha‐Xiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a subtype of the NOX family, which is mainly expressed in the pulmonary vasculature and pulmonary endothelial cells in the respiratory system. NOX4 has unique characteristics, and is a constitutively active enzyme that primarily produces hydrogen peroxide. The signaling pathways associated with NOX4 are complicated. Negative and positive feedback play significant roles in regulating NOX4 expression. The role of NOX4 is controversial because NOX4 plays a protective or damaging role in different respiratory diseases. This review summarizes the structure, enzymatic properties, regulation, and signaling pathways of NOX4. This review then introduces the roles of NOX4 in different diseases in the respiratory system, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
RPL41 sensitizes retinoblastoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs via ATF4 degradation
Authors: Geng Wen , Ren Jiaxu , Shi Huimin , Qin Feng , Xu Xiaohe , Xiao Sheng , Jiao Yisheng , Wang Aiyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRetinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer with metastatic potential affecting infants and children. Although chemotherapy is available for retinoblastoma, side effects and drug resistance are frequent. Rpl41, encoding ribosomal protein L41 (RPL41), has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene, and its targeted degradation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) produces an antitumor effect. The goal of the present study is to provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of a small peptide regimen in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma and to investigate the mechanism of their combined cytotoxicity. It was observed that treatment with the RPL41 peptide alone decreased the viability, migration, and invasion of retinoblastoma Y79 and Weri‐Rb1 cells, in addition to promoting cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, RPL41 protein levels showed a significantly decreased trend in retinoblastoma specimens, whereas ATF4 protein levels tended to be increased. Mechanistically, ATF4 degradation as a result of RPL41 peptide treatment was observed in retinoblastoma Y79 and Weri‐Rb1 cells. Most important, low‐dose administration of the RPL41 peptide significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of carboplatin, and further analysis confirmed their synergistic effect as anti‐retinoblastoma therapy, indicating that RPL41 sensitized Y79 and Weri‐Rb1 retinoblastoma cells to carboplatin. Thus, our data provide a preclinical rationale for the exploration of the RPL41 peptide as a potential adjuvant to carboplatin treatment in retinoblastoma.
Fetal myocardial performance index in pregnancies with idiopathic mildly increased amniotic fluid volume
Authors: Hashemi Attar Amirhossein , Hafezi Fatemeh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate modified myocardial performance index (MPI), or Tei index, in fetuses of pregnancies with idiopathic mildly increased amniotic fluid index (AFI).MethodsWe studied 25 cases (24‐40 weeks) with idiopathic mildly increased AFI, and 25 gestational age‐ and fetal gender‐matched healthy controls. Fetal echocardiographic variables and Doppler‐derived indices were recorded, including left and right MPI, left isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT), left ejection time (ET), left isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), aortic and pulmonary arterial peak systolic velocity (PSV), left and right E/A ratios, middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility index (PI), and umbilical artery (UA) PI.ResultsThe mean left MPI (0.52 vs 0.41, P < .0001) and right MPI (0.50 vs 0.42, P < .001) were higher, and mean IVCT (37.7 vs 25.9, P < .0001) was longer in cases than in controls. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in IVRT (45.2 vs 43.2, P = .381), ET (160.2 vs 170.0, P = .079), aortic PSV (P = .073), left E/A (P = .080), pulmonary artery PSV (P = .061), right E/A (P = .054), MCA PI (P = .259), UA PI (P = .685), and cerebroplacental ratio (P = .645).ConclusionPregnancies with idiopathic mildly increased AFI were associated with a significant increase in the fetal MPI of both left and right ventricles.
Impact of the etiology and Vitamin D receptor TaqI rs731236 gene polymorphism on the severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: El‐Mahdy Reham I , Ramadan Haidi Karam‐Allah , Mohammed Hanan Sharaf EL_Deen , Ahmed Entsar H , Mokhtar Abeer A , Hosni Amal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeThis work aimed to assess the impact of different etiologies of acute pancreatitis (AP) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) TaqI rs731236 gene polymorphism on the severity of AP.MethodsThis case‐control study included 70 patients with AP and 40 healthy controls. Etiologies of AP were identified by imaging, ANA, cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgM, coxsackie B virus IgM, and IgG4. Genotyping of VDR TaqI rs731236 polymorphism, Laboratory tests and severity scores using Ranson, BISAP, Atlanta and APACHE II scores were determined.ResultsThe age in AP patients was 36.03 ± 10.76, and females were 85.7%. The etiologies of AP were as follows: biliary (51.4%), coxsackievirus (22.9%), autoimmune (14.3%), post‐ERCP (8.6%) and 2.9% were idiopathic. The TT genotype of VDR polymorphism was significantly more common in AP than control (P = .001) and allele T dominated in AP group (OR = 2; 95% CI: 0.665–5.64). Most cases showed low severity scores with significant differences among etiologies and VDR genotypes. Biliary pancreatitis showed highest percentages of severe AP. However, etiologies and VDR polymorphism were not predictors of severity.ConclusionEtiology of AP could have impact on the disease severity. VDR gene polymorphism increases the risk of AP. Neither the etiology nor VDR gene polymorphism could predict AP severity.
Health‐related quality of life in paediatric patients with intoxication‐type inborn errors of metabolism: Analysis of an international data set
Authors: Bösch Florin , Landolt Markus A. , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Zeltner Nina , Kölker Stefan , Gleich Florian , Burlina Alberto , Cazzorla Chiara , Packman Wendy , V. D. Schwartz Ida , Vieira Neto Eduardo , Ribeiro Márcia G. , Martinelli Diego , Olivieri Giorgia , Huemer Martina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAcute intoxication‐type inborn errors of metabolism (IT‐IEM) such as urea cycle disorders and non‐acute IT‐IEM such as phenylketonuria have a major impact on paediatric patients' life. Patients have to adhere to a strict diet but may face neurocognitive impairment and – in acute diseases – metabolic decompensations nevertheless. Research on the subjective burden of IT‐IEM remains sparse. Studies with appropriate sample sizes are needed to make valid statements about health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) in children and adolescents with IT‐IEM. Six international metabolic centres contributed self‐reports and proxy reports of HrQoL (assessed with the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory) to the final data set (n = 251 patients; age range 2.3‐18.8 years). To compare HrQoL of the patient sample with norm data and between acute and non‐acute IT‐IEM, t tests were conducted. To examine the influence of child age, sex, diagnosis and current dietary treatment on HrQoL, multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Self‐reports and proxy reporst showed significantly lower HrQoL total scores for children with IT‐IEM compared to healthy children. Current dietary treatment significantly predicted lower proxy reported total HrQoL. Children with non‐acute IT‐IEM reported significantly lower psychosocial health and emotional functioning than children with acute IT‐IEM. The patient sample showed significantly impaired HrQoL and a diet regimen remains a risk factor for lower HrQoL. Differences in HrQoL between acute and non‐acute IT‐IEM subgroups indicate that factors beyond symptom severity determine the perception of disease burden. Identifying these factors is of crucial importance to develop and implement appropriate interventions for those in need.
Mutational spectra of SARS‐CoV‐2 orf1ab polyprotein and signature mutations in the United States of America
Authors: Banerjee Shuvam , Seal Sohan , Dey Riju , Mondal Kousik Kr. , Bhattacharjee Pritha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe pandemic COVID‐19 outbreak has been caused due to SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogen, resulting in millions of infections and deaths worldwide, the United States being on top at the present moment. The long, complex orf1ab polyproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 play an important role in viral RNA synthesis. To assess the impact of mutations in this important domain, we analyzed 1134 complete protein sequences of the orf1ab polyprotein from the NCBI virus database from affected patients across various states of the United States from December 2019 to 25 April 2020. Multiple sequence alignment using Clustal Omega followed by statistical significance was calculated. Four significant mutations T265I (nsp 2), P4715L (nsp 12), and P5828L and Y5865C (both at nsp 13) were identified in important nonstructural proteins, which function either as replicase or helicase. A comparative analysis shows 265 T→I, 5828 P→L, and 5865Y→C are unique to the United States and not reported from Europe or Asia; while one, 4715 P→L is predominant in both Europe and the United States. Mutational changes in amino acids are predicted to alter the structure and function of the corresponding proteins, thereby, it is imperative to consider the mutational spectra while designing new antiviral therapeutics targeting viral orf1ab.
A3G‐induced mutations show a low prevalence and exhibit plus‐strand regional distribution in hepatitis B virus DNA from patients with non‐hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HCC
Authors: Ren FengLing , Li WeiNa , Zhao ShuDong , Wang Li , Wang Qin , Li Meng , Xiang An , Guo YanHai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAPOBEC3G (A3G) cytidine deaminase is an innate immune restriction factor that can edit and inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. The preferred target of A3G is deamination of the third cytosine of 5′CCC to form a mutant marker 5′CC
C → K. However, the distribution of A3G‐induced mutations on HBV DNA during infection is not well characterized. To provide clarity, we obtained the HBV DNA sequences from HBV infected individuals with and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC and non‐HCC, respectively), from the NCBI database, and calculated the r values of A3G‐induced 5′CC
C → K mutation prevalence in HBV DNA. A3G‐induced mutations were weakly prevalent and mainly distributed in the plus strand of HBV DNA (r = 1.407). The mutations on the minus strand were weaker (r = .8189). There were A3G‐induced mutation regions in the 1200 to 2000 nt region of the plus strand and the 1600 to 1500 nt region of the minus strand. There was no significant difference in the r values of A3G‐induced mutations in HBV DNA between the HCC and non‐HCC groups. However, the rvalue of the plus strand 2400 to 2800 nt regions of HCC derived HBV DNA (r = 4.2) was significantly higher than that of the same regions of non‐HCC derived HBV DNA (r = 1.21). These findings clarify the weak prevalence and preferred plus‐strand distribution of A3G‐induced mutations on HBV DNA from HCC and non‐HCC. These findings may provide valuable clues regarding the interaction mechanism between A3G and HBV DNA and inform HCC screening.
The recombinant Newcastle disease virus Anhinga strain expressing human TRAIL exhibit antitumor effects on a glioma nude mice model
Authors: He Jinjiao , An Ying , Qi Jianying , Cui Lin , Yang Kai , Liu Mingyao , Qu Bo , Yan Shijun , Yin Jiechao , Jing Xiaohui , Dong Hui , Yu Qingzhong , Li Deshan , Wu Yunzhou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOncolytic virus therapy is perhaps the next major breakthrough in cancer treatment following the success in immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the potential oncolytic ability of the recombinant newcastle disease virus (NDV) Anhinga strain carried with tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has not been fully explored at present. In the present study, the recombinant NDV/Anh‐TRAIL that secretes soluble TRAIL was constructed and the experiment results suggested NDV/Anh‐TRAIL as a promising candidate for glioma therapy. Growth kinetic and TRAIL secreted quantity of recombinant NDV/Anh‐TRAIL virus were measured. Cytotoxic and cell apoptosis were analyzed for its anti‐glioma therapy in vitro. Nude mice were used for the in vivo evaluation. Both tumor volume and mice behavior after injection were observed. The recombinant virus replicated with the same kinetics as the parental virus and the highest expression of TRAIL (77.8 ng/L) was found at 48 hours. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole and flow cytometry data revealed that the recombinant NDV/Anh‐TRAIL (56.1 ± 8.2%) virus could induce a more severe apoptosis rate, when compared with the NDV wild type (37.2 ± 7.0%) and mock (7.0 ± 1.8%) groups (P < .01), in U251 cells. Furthermore, in the present animal study, the average tumor volume was smaller in the NDV/Anh‐TRAIL group (97.21 mm3), when compared with the NDV wild type (205.03 mm3, P < .05) and PBS (310.30 mm3, P < .01) groups.