bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cisplatin‐induced programmed cell death ligand‐2 expression is associated with metastasis ability in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sudo Shunichi , Kajiya Hiroshi , Okano Shinji , Sasaki Mina , Katsumata Yuri , Ohno Jun , Ikebe Tetsuro , Hiraki Akimitsu , Okabe Koji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProgrammed cell death ligands (PD‐Ls) are expressed in tumor cells where they bind to programmed cell death‐1, an immunocyte co–receptor, resulting in tumor cell evasion from the immune system. Chemotherapeutic drugs have been recently reported to induce the expression of PD‐L, such as PD‐L1, in some cancer cells. However, little is known regarding PD‐L2 expression and its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we examined the effect of cisplatin on the expression and regulation of PD‐L2 in OSCC cell lines and analyzed malignant behavior in PD‐L2‐expressing cells using colony, transwell and transformation assays. In addition, we examined PD‐L2 expression in the tumor tissues of OSCC patients using cytology and tissue microarray methods. In OSCC cell lines, cisplatin treatment upregulated PD‐L2 expression, along with that of the drug efflux transporter ABCG2, via signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 activation. Moreover, PD‐L2‐positive or PD‐L2‐overexpressing cells demonstrated upregulation in both invasion and transformation ability but not in proliferation compared with PD‐L2‐negative or PD‐L2‐silencing cells. PD‐L2 expression was also observed in OSCC cells of cytology samples and tissue from OSCC patients. The intensity of PD‐L2 expression was correlated with more malignant morphological features in the histological appearance and an invasive pattern. Our findings indicate that cisplatin‐upregulated PD‐L2 expression in OSCC via STAT1/3 activation and the expression of PD‐L2 are likely to be associated with malignancy in OSCC. The PD‐L2 expression in cisplatin‐resistant OSCC cells may be a critical factor in prognosis of advanced OSCC patients.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived CXCL16 promotes progression of gastric cancer cells by STAT3‐mediated expression of Ror1
Authors: Ikeda Taro , Nishita Michiru , Hoshi Kyoka , Honda Takashi , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Minami Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to be recruited to various types of tumor tissues, where they interact with tumor cells to promote their proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis, depending on the type of the tumor. We have previously shown that Ror2 receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, Wnt5a, are expressed in MSC, and Wnt5a‐Ror2 signaling in MSC induces expression of CXCL16, which, in turn, promotes proliferation of co–cultured MKN45 gastric cancer cells via the CXCL16‐CXCR6 axis. However, it remains unclear how CXCL16 regulates proliferation of MKN45 cells. Here, we show that knockdown of CXCL16 in MSC by siRNA suppresses not only proliferation but also migration of co–cultured MKN45 cells. We also show that MSC‐derived CXCL16 or recombinant CXCL16 upregulates expression of Ror1 through activation of STAT3 in MKN45 cells, leading to promotion of proliferation and migration of MKN45 cells in vitro. Furthermore, co–injection of MSC with MKN45 cells in nude mice promoted tumor formation in a manner dependent on expression of Ror1 in MKN45 cells, and anti–CXCL16 neutralizing antibody suppressed tumor formation of MKN45 cells co–injected with MSC. These results suggest that CXCL16 produced through Ror2‐mediated signaling in MSC within the tumor microenvironment acts on MKN45 cells in a paracrine manner to activate the CXCR6‐STAT3 pathway, which, in turn, induces expression of Ror1 in MKN45 cells, thereby promoting tumor progression.
Mediating role of screen media use on adolescents' total sleep time: A cluster‐randomized controlled trial for physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Authors: Knebel Margarethe Thaisi Garro , Borgatto Adriano Ferreti , Lopes Marcus Vinicius Veber , dos Santos Priscila Cristina , Matias Thiago Sousa , Narciso Fernanda Veruska , Silva Kelly Samara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to analyse the effect of an intervention for increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary time on adolescents' total sleep time (TST) and to examine whether the effect on adolescents' TST was mediated by the intervention changes on screen‐based sedentary time.MethodsThis study was a school‐based cluster‐randomized controlled trial conducted with Brazilian adolescents in Grades 7 to 9 (in 2017). Three schools participated in each of the intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The intervention involved the following three strategies designed to increase PA and reduce sedentary time: (a) teacher training, (b) environmental improvements, and (c) health educational component. TST and screen‐based sedentary time (television use, cell phone use, playing on computer/video game, and computer use that is not for gaming purposes) on weekdays and weekends were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to verify the effect of the intervention on TST. Mediation analyses were used to examine the mediator role of changes in screen‐based sedentary time in the relationship between the intervention and TST.ResultsOverall, 597 students participated in this study (mean age: 13.0 ± 1.0 years; IG: n = 351; CG: n = 246). The intervention had no effect on TST on weekdays and weekends. Adolescents in the IG were more likely to report ≤2 hr of television viewing per day on weekdays at follow‐up. Mediated effects by screen media use were not significant.ConclusionsThe school‐based intervention for increasing PA and reducing sedentary time had no effect on adolescents' TST.
State ownership and securities fraud: A political governance perspective
Authors: Shi Wei , Aguilera Ruth , Wang Kai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch question/issueThis study attempts to shed new light on how the state as a controlling shareholder can affect the interests of minority shareholders by investigating the role of state ownership in deterring securities fraud commission.Research findings/insightsUsing archival data from a large sample of Chinese publicly traded firms, we uncover that state ownership is negatively associated with the likelihood of securities fraud commission. Further, CEO political background reinforces this negative relationship. We also uncover that firms with high state ownership are more likely to dismiss CEOs than those with low or no state ownership upon securities fraud detection.Theoretical/academic implicationsDeparting from agency theory‐centric research on state ownership and corporate governance, this study introduces a political governance perspective to unpack the role of state ownership in corporate governance. Political governance refers to organizational control mechanisms deployed by political actors to achieve their objectives.Practitioner/policy implicationsStudying how political governance systems influence managerial behaviors is critical to gaining a complete insight into the implications of state ownership on corporate governance.
The Dark Sides of Social Policy: From Neoliberalism to Resurgent Right‐wing Populism
Authors: Fischer Andrew M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThis Forum Debate explores the confluence of neoliberal, populist, conservative and reactionary influences on contemporary ideologies and practices of social policy, with a focus on the poorer peripheries of global capitalism. Several fundamental tensions are highlighted, which are largely overlooked by the social policy and development literatures. First, many recent social policy innovations have been discredited by their association with neoliberalism. The rising political Right has been much more successful than the Left at exploiting this discontent, despite simultaneously deepening many aspects of neoliberalism once in power. At the same time, right‐wing movements have proactively used social policy as a political tool to fashion the social order along lines deemed amenable for their interests and ideologies, expressed along nationalist, racialized, ethnicized, nativist, religious, patriarchal or other lines, and to innovate practices of segregation, exclusion and subordination. While these synergies of neoliberal and right‐wing populism are observed globally, they need to be carefully and differentially interpreted from the perspective of late industrializing (or late welfare state) peripheral countries. Nonetheless, common themes occurring across both centres and peripheries, as identified by the invited contributions to this Debate section, include exclusionary identity politics, hierarchical and subordinating inclusions, and patriarchal familialism. In this context, segregationism is an ominous possibility of post‐neoliberal social policy.
Higher education segregation in Spain: Gender constructs and social background
Authors: Garcia‐Andreu Hugo , Acebal Fernandez Alejandro , Aledo Antonio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe waning influence of ascriptive factors on occupational status has been related to the expansion of higher education systems and economic modernisation. The theory of Effectively Maintained Inequality observes that the horizontal stratification of university degrees is a strategy of social differentiation used mainly by the most advantaged social class to access the occupations that are better valued in the labour market. This article verifies the effectively maintained inequality theory by means of a statistical analysis of selected degrees, differentiated by gender and social class, carried out in a Spanish university during the period of expansion and consolidation of the higher education system. The results confirm the theory, but they are partially conditioned by the vertical stratification that alters the composition by gender of the contingent of students of less advantaged social class, in which women present a greater tendency to choose degrees that are less valued by the market.
A Randomized Comparison of Two Psychosocial Interventions on Family Functioning in Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: O’Donnell Lisa A. , Weintraub Marc J. , Ellis Alissa J. , Axelson David A. , Kowatch Robert A. , Schneck Christopher D. , Miklowitz David J. 
Published: February 2020

Impairments in family functioning are associated with more severe depressive and manic symptoms, earlier recurrences, and more suicidal behaviors in early‐onset bipolar disorder. This study examined whether family‐focused treatment for adolescents (FFT‐A) with BD I or II disorder led to greater increases in family cohesion and adaptability and decreases in conflict over 2 years compared to a briefer psychoeducational treatment (enhanced care, EC). Participants were 144 adolescents (mean age: 15.6 ± 1.4 years) with BD I or II with a mood episode in the previous 3 months. Adolescents and parents were randomized to either FFT‐A (21 sessions) or EC (three sessions). Patients received guideline‐based pharmacotherapy throughout the 2‐year study. Trajectories of adolescent‐ and parent‐rated family cohesion, adaptability, and conflict were analyzed over 2 years. FFT‐A had greater effects on adolescent‐rated family cohesion compared to EC over 2 years. Participants in FFT‐A and EC reported similar improvements in family conflict across the 2 years. In the FFT‐A group, low‐conflict families had greater adolescent‐rated family cohesion throughout the study compared to high‐conflict families. High‐conflict families in both treatment groups tended to show larger reductions in conflict over 2 years than low‐conflict families. Family psychoeducation and skills training may improve family cohesion in the early stages of BD. Measuring levels of family conflict at the start of treatment may inform treatment responsiveness among those receiving FFT‐A.
Shear and extensional rheology of selected polysaccharides
Authors: Evageliou Vasiliki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRheology is used for the elucidation of the flow properties of polysaccharide solutions. For a given polysaccharide, both shear and extensional rheological experiments should be performed for the full characterisation of its flow properties. The provided information will facilitate the efficient exploitation of a polysaccharide in various applications. Although shear rheology is widely used in polysaccharides’ characterisation, there are only limited extensional rheology studies due to lack of reliable techniques in the formation of pure extensional flow. However, recently, several commercial extensional rheometers have been developed and thus, accurate extensional experiments can now be performed. The present work initially presents the principles and concepts of both shear and extensional rheology and then reports rheological findings for solutions of various polysaccharides and their derivatives. Xanthan and various members of the galactomannan, cellulose and alginate families were selected.
Establishment and validation of a delirium prediction model for neurosurgery patients in intensive care
Authors: Wang Jun , Ji Yuanyuan , Wang Ning , Chen Wenjin , Bao Yuehong , Qin Qinpu , Ma Chunmei , Xiao Qian , Li Shulan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurosurgical intensive care unit patients are at high risk for delirium. A risk prediction model could help the staff screen for patients at high risk for delirium. On the basis of this risk, preventive measures could be taken to reduce the undesired effects of delirium.ObjectivesTo establish a delirium prediction model for neurosurgical intensive care unit patients and to verify the sensitivity and specificity of this model.DesignA prospective, observational, single‐centre study.MethodsData were collected from a total of 310 patients admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit between January 2017 and February 2018. A risk factor prediction model was then created using multivariate logistic regression. Further data were collected from another 60 patients between March 2018 and June 2018 to validate the model.ResultsThe model consisted of six predictors, namely, cognitive dysfunction on admission, fever, hypoalbuminaemia, abnormal liver function, sedative use four or more times, and physical restraint. The area under the curve of the model was 0.80, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.68 and 0.83, respectively.ConclusionsThis study established a delirium prediction model for neurosurgical intensive care unit patients, which we believe would help focused prevention of delirium in intensive care unit patients.
Nursing stress factors affecting turnover intention among hospital nurses
Authors: Lee Eun‐Kyoung , Kim Ji‐Soo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify the nursing stress factors, which affect turnover intention in hospital nurses.BackgroundNursing stress is known to be an important predictor of turnover intention in nurses. Although nurses experience various sources of stress across work environments, cultures, and generations, little is known about the stress factors affecting turnover intention in nurses.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional design was employed.MethodsA total of 329 nurses were recruited through convenience sampling from 27 hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from May to November 2018 using a questionnaire.ResultsAmong the stress factors, stress from patients and their families, workload stress, stress from conflicts with supervisors, and stress from conflicts with peers were associated with turnover intention in hospital nurses. These variables explained 40.0% of the variance in turnover intention among hospital nurses.ConclusionsStress from interpersonal relationships with patients and their families, supervisors, and peers may have a considerable impact on turnover intention. To reduce nursing turnover intention, coping strategies to reduce stress from patients and their families should be established. It is necessary to provide programmes that foster interpersonal relationship skills in the workplace. Nurse managers may encourage communication among nurses to establish positive relationships.
Colonization history of the Canary Islands endemic Lavatera acerifolia, (Malvaceae) unveiled with genotyping‐by‐sequencing data and niche modelling
Authors: Villa‐Machío Irene , Fernández de Castro Alejandro G. , Fuertes‐Aguilar Javier , Nieto Feliner Gonzalo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimDifferentiation of island lineages from mainland relatives and radiation after initial colonization are two important processes generating island diversity. Both of these processes are influenced by colonization dynamics and contemporary connections between island species and their source populations. The classic island progression rule model, that is dispersal from mainland to older islands and subsequently to younger islands, can be considered a null hypothesis, particularly for islands that are geographically aligned perpendicular to the mainland coast with ages inversely proportional to distance from the mainland. Alterations to this pattern have been reported, particularly in archipelagos that are geographically closely adjacent to mainland source populations. Here we aim to integrate genomic and environmental niche data to infer the colonization history of a Canary endemic species and to understand its current diversity patterns.LocationCanary Islands.TaxonLavatera acerifolia (Malvaceae).MethodsWe used high‐throughput genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) combined with species distribution modelling (SDM) projected onto past conditions. Genetic structure (clustering methods), relatedness (coalescent and ML trees), nucleotide diversity and differentiation (population genetics) were assessed based on SNPs obtained from three alternative bioinformatics pipelines. The influence of environmental variables over time was assessed with a generalized linear model in which the response variable was amount of heterozygous sites per individual.ResultsFour genetic groups were identified arranged along a longitudinal gradient, and the earliest diverging coincides with the older, and easternmost, islands (Lanzarote and Fuerteventura). Genetic diversity is reduced in the westernmost islands, which are more distant from the mainland, host few populations and yet apparently offer more suitable habitats.Main conclusionsThe inferred colonization scenario generally fits the progression rule model, but suggests a more complex pattern for the central islands. For the westernmost islands, the contrast between high availability of suitable habitats and reduced genetic diversity and number of populations suggests a colonization front moving at a slow pace, rather than local extinctions, as an explanation for the scarcity of populations in those islands. Historical projections of SDM lend support to this interpretation.
Compliance with EU Law in Times of Disintegration: Exploring Changes in Transposition and Enforcement in the EU Member States between 1997 and 2016
Authors: Pircher Brigitte , Loxbo Karl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores whether disintegration, in the form of increased non‐compliance with EU law, has occurred in the EU Member States between 1997 and 2016. The contribution is twofold. First, we develop hypotheses to test the argument that non‐compliance with EU law increases when Member States experience growing economic constraints and political turbulence. However, the hypotheses are conclusively rejected. Second, while we demonstrate distinct differences between Member States' compliance by the end of the 1990s, our time‐series analyses demonstrate that these disparities disappeared over time. Taken together, our findings not only suggest that economic factors, government capacity, and, above all, domestic politics become gradually decoupled from the European integration process but also that cultural differences in law observance become increasingly irrelevant to explain the behaviour of governments. We conclude by arguing that the strong trend towards harmonization probably is explained by a changed culture of EU transposition and enforcement.
Historical distribution and current drivers of guppy occurrence in Brazil
Authors: Dias Murilo S. , de Faria Ian F. , Guarido Paula C. P. , Teresa Fabrício B. , de Aquino Pedro de Podestà Uchôa , Quimbayo Juan P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHumans introduce non‐native species by means such as the deliberate release of fish into fresh waters and through commercial trade. The guppy Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859, is commonly kept in aquaria and controls disease vectors, and now it occurs in many areas outside its natural distribution. Its initial habitat in Brazil was identified, and a study was performed to determine whether the density of guppies can be explained by the density of human population, per‐capita gross domestic product, level of human impact on the areas where guppies have been found and fish‐sampling effort. A total of 1402 guppy records were found; the southeastern region had the oldest records; and the southeastern, northeastern and central‐western regions had the maximum records. Low tolerance to the colder climate may be the reason for the lack of guppy records in the southernmost states. It was also observed that the occurrence of this fish is positively, yet weakly, related to the density of human population, indicating that improved regulations regarding its use in controlling disease vectors, the aquarium trade and education of aquarium hobbyists could help prevent the spread of this species and its potential impacts in Brazil.
Dispersion‐assisted extraction of guarana processing wastes on the obtaining of polyphenols and alkaloids
Authors: Santana Ádina L. , Zanini Júlia A. , Macedo Gabriela A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the first work to evaluate the effects of high shear mixing (HSM) on the recovery of valuable polar compounds from guarana processing wastes (peels and depleted seeds), which results may server to support researches on the valorization of guarana. Under the optimum condition, the HSM was led to extract catechin (11.11–42.93 g/100 g raw material), epicatechin (7.83–24.78 g/100 g raw material) and caffeine (9.99–28.80 g/100 g raw material) from guarana products, which contents were comparable with those obtained with ultrasound assisted extraction and maceration, and significantly higher than those obtained with infusion and decoction. Besides the relatively low reducing sugar content (0.02–0.23 g glucose equivalent/100 g raw material), HSM extracts also presented high antioxidant capacity (25–533 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g raw material) and phenolic compounds (0.5–45 g catechin equivalent/100 g raw material and 0.1–66.38 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g raw material). The use of pectinase enhanced the HSM to recover target compounds in depleted seeds.Practical applicationsThe use of guarana has emerged as a source of antioxidants, associated to enhancement of cognitive function, to prevent cancer‐related symptoms, and to control the weight. This paper is the first research to use high‐shear mixing (HSM) to maximize the recovery of bioactive compounds from the peels and depleted seeds of guarana, the wastes derived from the Brazilian carbonated beverage industry. The extraction efficiency of HSM for 1 min to recover polyphenols and alkaloids was like those of ultrasound assisted assisted and maceration, performed for 30 min. Our results confirm that HSM is an environmentally friendly, rapid and low‐cost method to extract bioactive compounds from guarana. Our results are expected to support further researches on the use of HSM as an extraction protocol for analysis and to evaluate the multipurpose potential of guarana processing wastes for food and non‐food formulations.