bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractionation mapping software to map ganglionated plexus sites during sinus rhythm
Authors: Aksu Tolga , Yalin Kivanc , Gopinathannair Rakesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAblation of ganglionated plexuses (GPs) is a relatively new technique in patients with vasovagal syncope. Due to individual variation of GP settlement, reproducible GP detection methods are needed to during electrophysiologic study. In the present case, fractionation mapping software of Ensite system was tested to detect localization of GPs and first compared with previously validated fractionated electrograms based strategy.
The Rule of Law and Access to the Courts for EU Migrants
Authors: Barnard Catherine , Butlin Sarah Fraser 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ability of workers generally to enforce their labour rights in the UK has been a matter of ongoing discussion over a number of years. However, the dominance of the topic of immigration in the Brexit debates, along with questions surrounding the need for, and position of, EU migrant workers in the British labour market, has brought into sharp focus the issues facing the most vulnerable workers in their ability to enforce their employment rights. This, we argue, poses a serious challenge to the rule of law as defined by Bingham. For him, one of the principles of the rule of law is that access to courts is the ‘obvious corollary of the principle that everyone is bound by and entitled to the benefit of the law’. This leads to our consideration of, first, the perspective of formal enforcement (a ‘thin’ conception of the right of access to the courts) and second, effective substantive enforcement (a ‘thicker’ conception of the right). We argue that some of the reforms proposed in the Taylor review will be a thickened right of access for all workers, but a relatively thinner right for EU migrant workers, in which their particular vulnerabilities and obstacles are not recognized or ameliorated. The chasm between EU migrant and non‐migrant workers in the application of the rule of law would at the very least, remain, if not widen further.
Hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID‐19 physicians survey: Despite lack of evidence, many would take or give to dear ones, and despite the perceived necessity of an RCT, few would participate
Authors: Baicus Cristian , Pinte Larisa , Stoichitoiu Laura E. , Badea Camelia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere was no evidence concerning the prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine, and only low‐grade evidence regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID‐19 patients. We performed a survey among Romanian physicians in order to see how many of them would administer prophylactically hydroxychloroquine to themselves or to people close to them, and if they would participate to a randomized controlled trial.MethodsBetween March 30 and April 02, 2020, a 16‐item questionnaire was shared in a Romanian Facebook group of 2645 physicians dedicated to COVID‐19 information, asking to be completed by physicians who could be directly involved in the care of these patients.ResultsA total of 785 answers were collected. Nine physicians (1.1%) thought that there was clear evidence on prescribing hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis, 375 (48%) considered the evidence acceptable, 348 (44.3%) considered it weak, whereas 53 (6.8%) answered there was no evidence. 59 (7.5%) respondents were determined to take it (of which 31 = 4% already took), 192 (24.5%) were inclined to take, 271 (34.5%) were not decided yet. 175 (22.3%) of respondents declared they (would) give the treatment to their close ones, and this decision was associated with a higher age (P = 0.003), and the opinion that there was evidence (P < 0.001). When asked about the source of the treatment regimen, 286 (36.4%) indicated a scientific paper, while no scientific paper about the prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine existed at that time.718 (91.5%) considered a randomized clinical trial necessary (RCT), but only 333 (42.4%) answered they would enrol in such a trial. There was only a very weak correlation (Kendall's tau _b = 0.255, P < 0.001) between the belief that an RCT is necessary and the willingness to enrol in such an RCT.ConclusionsDespite the lack of evidence, many physicians considered the evidence as existing, and were ready to take or to give hydroxychloroquine prophylactically to family. They considered an RCT necessary, but they were not willing to participate.
Color heterogeneity and individual color changes in dentin and enamel bleached in the presence of a metallic orthodontic bracket
Authors: de Melo Oliveira Isadora , Santana Tauan Rosa , Correia Ana Claudia Conceição , Fontes Lucas Silva , Griza Sandro , Faria‐E‐Silva André Luis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis in‐vitro study evaluated the color changes in enamel and dentin bleached in the presence of an orthodontic bracket, as well as the heterogeneity of the color and contribution of each tissue to the color change (CTCC).Materials and MethodsEnamel‐dentin specimens from extracted bovine teeth were bleached before or after bracket removal or maintained without any treatment (control). The colors of the dentin and enamel were measured individually and after recombining these substrates. The changes in the color (ΔE00) and whitening index (ΔWID) were estimated by the color difference between the bleached specimens and those of the control. The CTCC was also calculated by recombining the tissues from different treatments. Images of specimens obtained from a stereomicroscope were used to analyze the color homogeneity within each tissue.ResultsThe highest values of ΔE00 and ΔWID were observed in the specimens bleached in the absence of a bracket. Bleaching in the presence of a bracket resulted in enamel with a center that was whiter than the periphery. Dentin and enamel presented similar CTCC values.ConclusionsTooth bleaching performed in the presence of a metallic bracket resulted in a reduced bleaching effect and increased color heterogeneity within both tissues.Clinical SignificanceTooth bleaching before the orthodontic bracket removal reduces the bleaching effect in both dentin and enamel. Moreover, a heterogeneous color of enamel surface can be observed after tooth bleaching in the presence of a nickel‐free metallic orthodontic bracket.
Piscine orthoreovirus: Biology and distribution in farmed and wild fish
Authors: Polinski Mark P. , Vendramin Niccoló , Cuenca Argelia , Garver Kyle A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPiscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a common and widely distributed virus of salmonids. Since its discovery in 2010, the virus has been detected in wild and farmed stocks from North America, South America, Europe and East Asia in both fresh and salt water environments. Phylogenetic analysis suggests three distinct genogroups of PRV with generally discrete host tropisms and/or regional patterns. PRV‐1 is found mainly in Atlantic (Salmo salar), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Salmon of Europe and the Americas; PRV‐2 has only been detected in Coho Salmon of Japan; and PRV‐3 has been reported primarily in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Europe. All three genotypes can establish high‐load systemic infections by targeting red blood cells for principal replication. Each genotype has also demonstrated potential to cause circulatory disease. At the same time, high‐load PRV infections occur in non‐diseased salmon and trout, indicating a complexity for defining PRV's role in disease aetiology. Here, we summarize the current body of knowledge regarding PRV following 10 years of study.
Acoustic noise of refrigerators promote increased growth rate of the gray mold Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Hofstetter Richard W. , Copp Brennan E. , Lukic Ivan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBotrytis rot (Botrytis cinerea) is a serious disease of fruit and vegetables around the globe. Botrytis rot is a problem not only in the field, but during storage, transit, and marketing, due to onset of severe rot on ripe produce. Fungal growth is promoted by warm temperatures and high humidity although other factors could play a role. Mechanical stimulation via vibroacoustic energy is known to affect the growth of organisms but is little studied in food safety of crop transportation and storage. We test whether mechanical energy in the form of vibrations and acoustic frequencies from in‐store refrigerators and cold‐storage units affect the growth rate of botrytis rot. We also test a broad range of single tones (frequency, Hz) and dyads (2‐tone chords) from 110 to 25,088 Hz to determine if particular frequencies have differential effects on the growth of botrytis rot. Playback of vibroacoustic recordings of refrigerator units increased the growth of botrytis rot by 13–18%, on average, suggesting that acoustic output from storage units could promote the mold during transport, storage or within grocery stores. Increased fungal growth rate appears to be stimulated by high frequencies, above 5,000 Hz. Additionally, low frequencies below 165 Hz can reduce botrytis rot growth rate suggesting that exposure to very low frequency ranges could be used to control the fungus. Results of this study open new perspectives on how vibroacoustic output from electronic devices and machines may affect food quality and fungal contamination on fruit, flowers, and vegetable produce.
Translation, culture adaption and psychometric testing of the MISSCARE Survey—Swedish version
Authors: Nymark Carolin , Göransson Katarina E. , Saboonchi Fredrik , Falk Ann‐Charlotte , von Vogelsang Ann‐Christin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo translate the MISSCARE Survey into Swedish and establish its validity and reliability by evaluating its psychometric properties.BackgroundMissed nursing care is defined as any aspect of required nursing care that is omitted or delayed. The consequence of missed nursing care is a threat to patient safety. The MISSCARE Survey is an American instrument measuring missed nursing care activities (part A) and its reasons (part B).MethodsThe translation was accomplished according to World Health Organization guidelines, focusing on a culture adaptation. Acceptability, construct validity, test–retest reliability and internal consistency were analysed. The Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE 2.0) was used as reporting checklist.ResultsThe translation and culture adaptation needed several revisions. A total of 126 nurses answered the test and retest which showed acceptability of missing data. The factor analysis revealed a lack of fit to data for the original factorial structure in part B, while further analysis provided results suggesting a modification based on omitting six items. The internal consistency for part B and its subscales showed good results.ConclusionsThe MISSCARE Survey—Swedish version is a reliable and valid instrument, with good psychometric properties.Relevance to clinical practiceMore reliable language versions of the instrument enable national and international comparisons that could be valuable for nursing managers and/or directors of nursing who are responsible for quality of care and patient safety in the strategic care planning process.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Teen Sexual Behaviors: The Role of Self‐Regulation and School‐Related Factors
Authors: Song Wei , Qian Xueqin 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is limited evidence addressing the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adolescent sexual risk behaviors and pregnancy. In this study, we examined whether individual and cumulative ACEs increased the risk of unhealthy sexual behaviors and adolescent pregnancy. To inform intervention efforts, potential mediating mechanisms focusing on youth developmental assets were examined to explain the association.METHODSAnalyses included 88,815 (9th and 11th grade) students who completed the Minnesota Student Survey in the spring of 2016.RESULTSAdolescents who reported each category of ACEs were more likely to initiate sex, have multiple sex partners, engage in unprotected sex, and be involved in pregnancy. Different youth assets, included self‐regulation skills, connectedness to school, not skipping school, and academic performance, were associated with lower likelihood of sexual initiation and sexual risk‐taking. They served as important mediators to reduce, though not completely diminish, the adverse effects of ACEs on sexual initiation and adolescent pregnancy.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that the relationship between ACEs and adolescent sexual risk behaviors and pregnancy is strong and graded. Effective school initiatives and intervention efforts should encourage the development of self‐regulation and connectedness to school among teens who had been exposed to ACEs.
Provider‐Selected Training Needs and Associations With Related Practices in Childcare Settings in Minnesota and Wisconsin*
Authors: Arcan Chrisa , Davey Cynthia , LaRowe Tara L. , Nanney Marilyn S. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEarly care and education settings (ECE) are potential venues for young children to develop healthy lifestyle habits. The study assesses training needs and associations with relevant practices of licensed ECE providers across Minnesota and Wisconsin.METHODSA random sample of 823 providers completed a 97‐item survey assessing nutrition and physical activity (PA) practices and training needs. Logistic regression, adjusted for program type (center‐ and family home‐based), and location (urban/rural) examined associations between the top 3 selected training needs and provider practices.RESULTSTop training needs: (1) ways to effectively engage parents about healthy eating and PA, (2) low‐cost ways to serve healthy foods, and (3) fun and easy nutrition education curricula. Providers who reported being not happy/somewhat happy vs happy/very happy with parent communication were more likely to need training to engage parents. Among providers who prepared food on‐site, shopping at Farmer's Market had lower odds of needing training for serving healthy meals on a budget. Not having completed nutrition training in the past year providers were more likely to need training for fun and easy nutrition education curricula.CONCLUSIONSProviders need additional training to improve communication with parents, healthy food shopping practices, and nutrition‐related games.
A novel geomatics method for assessing the Haughton impact structure
Authors: Patterson Calder W. , Ernst Richard E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTerrestrial impact structures are typically modified by erosion, burial, and tectonic deformation. Their systematic morphologies are typically reconstructed through a combination of geological and topographic mapping, satellite imagery, and geophysical surveys. This study applies a novel geomatics approach to assessment of the morphology of the extensively studied Haughton impact structure (HIS), Devon Island, Nunavut, in order to test its potential to improve the accuracy and quality of future impact structure reconstruction. This new methodology integrates HIS lithological data, in the form of digitized geologic mapping, with a digital elevation model, within diametrically opposed, wedge‐shaped couplets, and plots these data as pseudo cross sections that capitalize on the radial symmetry of the impact structure. The pseudo cross sections provide an accurate reconstruction of the near‐surface stratigraphic sequences and terraces in the faulted annulus of the modified crater rim. The resultant pseudo cross sections support current interpretations regarding the 10–12 km diameter of the transient cavity, and successfully reproduce the visible outer ring and intermediate uplifted zone within the central basin. Observed positions of vertical offsets suggest that the extent of impact deformation extends beyond the current estimates of the apparent crater rim to radial distances of between 14 and 15 km. Finally, the new geomatics approach provides an improved determination of the spatial, stratigraphic, and temporal relationships among the Haughton Formation lake sediments, allochthonous crater‐fill impactites, and uplifted target rocks, and indicates that there was a not‐insignificant time gap between the formation of the impact structure and the deposition of the sediments.
A review to characterise and map the growth mindset theory in health professions education
Authors: Wolcott Michael D. , McLaughlin Jacqueline E. , Hann Alice , Miklavec Amelia , Beck Dallaghan Gary L. , Rhoney Denise H. , Zomorodi Meg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionGrowth mindset is a motivation theory proposed by Carol Dweck that posits our beliefs about intelligence, and the ability to change mindsets can have impacts on how we approach challenges, respond to criticism challenges and orient our goals. This study characterised articles on growth mindset theory in health professions education to: summarise the aspects of growth mindset being researched, describe the discussed benefits of growth mindset theory and outline strategies discussed that may promote a growth mindset.MethodsA systematic review of the literature yielded 4927 articles—articles were reviewed and excluded if they were outside of health professions education and did not discuss Dweck's growth mindset theory. The final review yielded 14 research articles and 13 commentaries, which were characterised and analysed using content analysis.ResultsThe included articles were published in 2016 and beyond; the articles represented a diverse context, participant type and approach. Most research studies measured participant mindsets and evaluated the correlation with other variables (eg grit, well‐being, anxiety). Articles often highlighted benefits and strategies to promote a growth mindset at the learner, educator and organisation level. The most common learner benefits were to help them be more receptive to feedback as well as increased resiliency and perseverance, educator benefits focused on supporting collaborative relationships and safe learning environments. The most prevalent strategies discussed were teaching learners about growth mindset theory, shifting faculty feedback to emphasise effort and to prioritise feedback across the organisation.ConclusionThe growth mindset framework has been shown in other fields to help others manage educational challenges and enhance learning environments. Researchers are encouraged to explore how interventions such as teaching about and prioritising a growth mindset can support learners, health care professionals, educators and organisations.
Students' social networks are diverse, dynamic and deliberate when transitioning to clinical training
Authors: Atherley Anique E. N. , Nimmon Laura , Teunissen Pim W. , Dolmans Diana , Hegazi Iman , Hu Wendy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextTransitions in medical education are dynamic, emotional and complex yet, unavoidable. Relationships matter, especially in times of transition. Using qualitative, social network research methods, we explored social relationships and social support as medical students transitioned from pre‐clinical to clinical training.MethodsEight medical students completed a social network map during a semi‐structured interview within two weeks of beginning their clinical clerkships (T0) and then again four months later (T1). They indicated meaningful interactions that influenced their transition from pre‐clinical to clinical training and discussed how these relationshipsimpacted their transition. We conducted mixed‐methods analysis on this data.ResultsAt T0, eight participants described the influence of 128 people in their social support networks; this marginally increased to 134 at T1. People from within and beyond the clinical space made up participants’ social networks. As new relationships were created (eg with peers and doctors), old relationships were kept (eg with doctors and family) or dissolved over time (eg with near‐peers and nurses). Participants deliberately created, kept or dissolved relationships over time dependent on whether they provided emotional support (eg they could trust them) or instrumental support (eg they provided academic guidance).ConclusionsThis is the first social networks analysis paper to explore social networks in transitioning students in medicine. We found that undergraduate medical students’ social support networks were diverse, dynamic and deliberate as they transitioned to clerkships. Participants created and kept relationships with those they trusted and who provided emotional or instrumental support and dissolved relationships that did not provide these functions.
Protecting wildlife habitat in managed forest landscapes—How can network connectivity models help?
Authors: Yemshanov Denys , Haight Robert G. , Rempel Rob , Liu Ning , Koch Frank H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndustrial forestry in boreal regions increases fragmentation and may decrease the viability of some wildlife populations, particularly the woodland caribou,Rangifer tarandus caribou. Caribou protection often calls for changes in forestry practices, which may increase the cost and reduce the available timber supply. We present a linear programming model that assesses the trade‐off between habitat protection and harvesting objectives by combining harvest scheduling and optimal habitat connectivity problems. We formulate the habitat connectivity model as a network flow problem that maximizes the amount of habitat connected over a desired time span in a forested landscape, while the forestry objective maximizes net undiscounted revenues from timber harvest subject to even harvest flow and environmental sustainability constraints. We applied the approach to explore the trade‐off between caribou habitat protection and harvesting goals in the Armstrong‐Whitesand Forest, Ontario, Canada, a boreal forest area with prime caribou habitat. Our model also incorporates Dynamic Caribou Harvesting Scheduling (DCHS), a harvest policy currently in a place in Ontario that aims to balance the forest management and caribou protection goals in northern boreal regions. In our study area, the implementation of DCHS appears to have relatively minor impact on timber supply cost. By comparison, maximizing the protection of caribou habitat would lead to a noticeable increase of the mill gate timber cost by $3.3 m−3on average, while enabling habitat protection in an additional 5.0%–9.5% of the range area. Our model is generalizable and can be adapted for assessing habitat recovery and harvest goals in other regions.Recommendations for Resource Managers:Incorporating the concept of long‐term habitat connectivity into forest planning can help reduce the negative impacts of harvest activities on caribou populations.Prioritizing habitat connectivity leads to a small increase in the overall harvest area because harvest has to be allocated to less productive and more geographically isolated sites to protect prime wildlife habitat containing old conifer stands.Maximizing the habitat protection would lead to a noticeable increase of the timber supply cost (by $3.3 m−3on average), while enabling moderate increase of the protected habitat area (i.e., an additional 5.0%–9.5% of the range area).Implementation of Dynamic Caribou Harvest Schedules, which is the current harvesting policy in Ontario's boreal forests when caribou populations are present, causes only a minor increase of the timber supply cost in our study area.