bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: To D or Not to D?
Authors: Pittas Anastassios G , Jorde Rolf , Kawahara Tetsuya , Dawson-Hughes Bess 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Over the last decade, vitamin D has emerged as a risk determinant for type 2 diabetes and vitamin D supplementation has been hypothesized as a potential intervention to lower diabetes risk. Recently, several trials have reported on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on diabetes prevention in people with prediabetes.

Evidence Acquisition
A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify: (1) recent meta-analyses of longitudinal observational studies that report on the association between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level and incident diabetes, and (2) clinical trials of adults with prediabetes that have reported on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on incident diabetes.

Evidence Synthesis
Longitudinal observational studies report highly consistent associations between higher blood 25(OH)D levels and a lower risk of incident diabetes in diverse populations, including populations with prediabetes. Trials in persons with prediabetes show risk reduction in incident diabetes with vitamin D supplementation. In the 3 large trials that were specifically designed and conducted for the prevention of diabetes, vitamin D supplementation, when compared with placebo, reduced the risk of developing diabetes by 10% to 13% in persons with prediabetes not selected for vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusions
Results from recent trials are congruent with a large body of evidence from observational studies indicating that vitamin D has a role in modulating diabetes risk. Participant-level meta-analysis of the 3 largest trials should provide a more refined estimate of risk reduction and identify patient populations that are likely to benefit the most from vitamin D supplementation.
Perioperative Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion and Wound Infections: An Observational Study
Authors: Yuan Yuchen , Zhang Yuelun , Shen Le , Xu Li , Huang Yuguang 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
It remains unclear whether the benefits of performing perioperative allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion outweigh the risks of postoperative wound infection. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of perioperative RBC transfusion as well as dose–response relationship on wound infections in surgical patients in a large cohort.

METHODS:
As a retrospective observational study, the national Hospital Quality Monitoring System database was used to retrieve information about in-hospital surgical patients without limitations on surgical types in the People’s Republic of China between 2013 and 2018. Patients were divided into the perioperative RBC transfusion and non-RBC transfusion groups, and wound infection rates (the primary end point) were compared. Secondary end points included in-hospital mortality, nosocomial infections, and length of hospital stay. Furthermore, patients who underwent RBC transfusion were subdivided into 6 groups based on the volume of transfused RBCs to investigate the dose–response relationship between RBC transfusions and wound infections. The association between RBC transfusion and patient outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,896,584 patients from 29 provinces were included, among whom 76,078 (4.0%) underwent RBC transfusions; the overall wound infection rate was 0.7%. After adjusting for confounding factors, perioperative RBC transfusion was associated with higher odds of wound infection (odds ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.09–2.40; P < .001). As the volume of transfused RBCs increased, so did the odds of wound infection with a clear dose–response relationship (OR of >0 and ≤1 U, >1 and ≤2 U, >2 and ≤4 U, >4 and ≤8 U, >8 U transfusion compared with no RBC transfusion were 1.20, 95% CI, 0.76–1.91; 1.27, 95% CI, 1.10–1.47; 1.70, 95% CI, 1.49–1.93; 2.12, 95% CI, 1.83–2.45 and 3.65, 95% CI, 3.13–4.25, respectively). RBC transfusion was also found to be associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality, nosocomial infection, and longer hospital stay.

CONCLUSIONS:
RBC transfusion was associated with an increased odd of postoperative wound infection in surgical patients, and a significant dose-related relationship was also observed. While there are still essential confounders not adjusted for and the results do not necessarily indicate a causal relationship, we still recommend to lessen perioperative blood loss and optimize blood conservation strategies.
Diffusion of innovation in radiation oncology in the United States
Authors: Sansourekidou Patricia , Margaritis Vasileios , Kuo Wen-Hung 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To develop an instrument for quantifying innovation and assess the diffusion of innovation in radiation oncology (RO) in the United States. Methods: Primary data were collected for using total population convenience sampling. Innovation Score and Innovation Utilization Score were determined using 20 indicators. 240 medical physicists (MPs) practicing in RO in the United States completed a custom Internet-based survey. Results: Centers with no academic affiliation are trailing behind in innovation in total (MD = 1.65, 95% C I[0.38,2.917], p = 0.011, d = 0.351), in patient treatment (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.021,0.76], p = 0.038, d = 0.282), and workflow innovation (MD = 7.09, 95% CI [0.78,13.39], p = 0.028, d = 0.330). Centers with no academic affiliation are trailing behind in innovation utilization in total (MD = 0.46, 95% CI [0.05,0.86], p = 0.028, d = 0.188). Rural center are trailing behind in patient positioning in innovation (MD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.011,0.612], p = 0.042, d = 0.293) and innovation utilization (MD = 16.22, 95% CI [0.73,31.72], p = 0.04, d = 0.608). Rural centers are trailing behind in innovative treatments (MD = 0.62, 95% CI [0.23,1.00], p = 0.002, d = 0.457). Motivation (rs = 0.224, p = 0.002) and appreciation (rs = 0.215, p = 0.003) were statistically significant personal factors influencing innovation utilization. Conclusions: There is a wide range of innovation across RO centers in the United States. RO centers in the United States are not practicing as innovative as reasonably achievable. Advances in knowledge: This work quantified how innovative RO in the United States is and results provide guidance on how to improve it in the future.
Rejoice architecture meets social norms to accelerate vaccination in Nepal: Protocol for a mixed-method quasi-experimental study
Authors: Paul Alicia , Upreti Kamana , Nepal Shraddha , Lohani Jeevan , Adhikari Kriti , Rimal Rajiv 
Published: August 2020

Background: Each year, 600,000 children under 5 years old die from vaccine-preventable diseases globally. Immunization is an effective way to prevent many diseases, saving two to three million lives per year. The Nepal National Government recommends vaccinations for all children for 11 diseases by 15 months of age. However, only 78% of children between 1-2 years of age have received all recommended vaccines and only 43% receive them at the age-appropriate times for which they are scheduled. Objectives: This protocol describes the development of an intervention – called “Rejoice Architecture” – that is informed by three theoretical perspectives: choice architecture, the broken windows theory, and the theory of normative social behavior. We also describe a mixed-methods approach to develop the intervention, which will improve the physical and social environments of health facilities in Makwanpur, Nepal. We hypothesize this intervention will improve immunization behaviors and intentions among mothers of children younger than 2 years, pregnant women, and prospective mothers. Methods: We describe the qualitative formative assessment to understand existing attitudes, norms, and behaviors among caregivers, healthcare workers, and government representatives. The formative assessment will include in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. We also describe the overall quasi-experimental study design, used to assess intervention impact. Impact: This study will contribute to the social and behavioral change communication intervention research by offering a novel strategy for increasing immunization. This study will also illustrate to policymakers the value of structural change for health service delivery.
Global proteomic analysis of insulin receptor interactors in glomerular podocytes
Authors: Hosawi Salman B. , Humphries Jonathan D. , Coward Richard J. , Knight David , Humphries Martin J. , Lennon Rachel 
Published: August 2020

Background:Insulin signalling contributes to diverse cellular activities including protein synthesis, proliferation and cell survival. Insulin resistance describes the inability of cells to activate the insulin signalling pathway effectively; leading to pathological effects in multiple organ systems including the kidney. In diabetic kidney disease, there is progressive glomerular dysfunction and recent studies have demonstrated that the kidney podocyte is a direct target for insulin action. In this study we defined the literature-based insulin receptor (INSR) interactome and utilised an unbiased proteomic approach to examine INSR interactors in podocytes.Methods:Human podocytes expressing the INSR were characterised under basal and insulin resistant conditions. The INSR was isolated by whole cell immunoprecipitation following a time course stimulation of 2, 7, and 15 minutes with of 100nM insulin. The resulting INSR complexes were analysed by label-free mass spectrometry (MS) to detect protein interactors.Results:We identified 27 known, direct INSR interactors in addition to novel interactors including doublecortin domain-containing protein 2 (DCDC2). The interaction of DCDC2 with the INSR was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence, and under insulin resistant conditions, DCDC2 had increased association with the INSR. siRNA knockdown of DCDC2 in podocytes resulted in cell morphological change and altered INSR localisation.Conclusion:This study provides insight into the complexity of INSR interactors in podocytes and highlights DCDC2 as a novel INSR binding protein. Involvement of this novel interactor in insulin signalling and podocyte biology may explain how insulin resistance alters morphology and integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Preferencias socioeconómicas por costos ambientales en la Región Oeste del Lago de Cuitzeo, Michoacán, México
Authors: Trueba Regalado Rafael , Ortiz Paniagua Carlos Francisco 
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo desarrollar un análisis descriptivo de las preferencias sociales para valorar económicamente la salud poblacional por el arribo de tolvaneras en la Región Oeste del Lago de Cuitzeo (ROLC), Michoacán, México. Esta investigación parte desde el enfoque teórico de la economía ambiental para aplicar el método de valoración contingente (MVC), con la finalidad de cuantificar el costo defensivo total al que incurre la población para evitar una externalidad negativa, derivada del deterioro ambiental que presenta el lacustre. Aunado a ello, también se busca determinar una posible disposición de la población a aceptar una compensación (DAC) por la disminución de su bienestar y una disposición a pagar (DAP) para que se realicen acciones que mejoren las condiciones ambientales del cuerpo de agua. Los resultados indican que el costo defensivo en salud es elevado en referencia al ingreso de la población entrevistada. También se identificó que existe una disposición a ser compensado por la mayoría de las personas consultadas, así como una disposición a pagar. Esta información pretende proporcionar elementos de gestión para establecer mecanismos compensatorios y de restauración para reducir costos futuros.
Increased Risk of COVID-19 Among Users of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Almario Christopher V. , Chey William D. , Spiegel Brennan M.R. 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase the risk for enteric infections that is likely related to PPI-induced hypochlorhydria. Although the impact of acid suppression on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is unknown thus far, previous data revealed that pH ≤3 impairs the infectivity of the similar severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1. Thus, we aimed to determine whether use of PPIs increases the odds for acquiring coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among community-dwelling Americans.

METHODS:
From May 3 to June 24, 2020, we performed an online survey described to participating adults as a “national health survey.” A multivariable logistic regression was performed on reporting a positive COVID-19 test to adjust for a wide range of confounding factors and to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:
Of 53,130 participants, 3,386 (6.4%) reported a positive COVID-19 test. In regression analysis, individuals using PPIs up to once daily (aOR 2.15; 95% CI, 1.90–2.44) or twice daily (aOR 3.67; 95% CI, 2.93–4.60) had significantly increased odds for reporting a positive COVID-19 test when compared with those not taking PPIs. Individuals taking histamine-2 receptor antagonists were not at elevated risk.

DISCUSSION:
We found evidence of an independent, dose-response relationship between the use of antisecretory medications and COVID-19 positivity; individuals taking PPIs twice daily have higher odds for reporting a positive test when compared with those using lower-dose PPIs up to once daily, and those taking the less potent histamine-2 receptor antagonists are not at increased risk. These findings emphasize good clinical practice that PPIs should only be used when indicated at the lowest effective dose, such as the approved once-daily label dosage of over-the-counter and prescription PPIs. Further studies examining the association between PPIs and COVID-19 are needed.
Caution With the Use of Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Severely Ill Patients for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: A Report of Severe Jaundice
Authors: Levy Clementine , Lassailly Guillaume , Parmentier Erika , Duburcq Thibault , Mathurin Philippe , Poissy Julien 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
We investigated the potential hepatotoxicity of lopinavir/ritonavir recently used in the treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort of critical patients in a teaching hospital: 12 treated with lopinavir/ritonavir and 30 in the standard-of-care group.

RESULTS:
Elevation occurred more frequently in patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (33% vs 6.7%).

DISCUSSION:
Caution is advised regarding the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in the most severe cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
Absence of COVID-19 Infection in Patients Accessing IBD Unit at Humanitas, Milan: Implications for Postlockdown Measures
Authors: Fiorino Gionata , Gilardi Daniela , Radice Simona , Furfaro Federica , Allocca Mariangela , Danese Silvio 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The risk of coronavirus disease-19 infection for healthcare professionals and patients in hospitals remains unclear.

METHODS:
We investigated whether precautions adopted in our inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit have minimized the risks of infection for all patients accessing our facilities in a 1-month period by assessing the rate of coronavirus disease-19 infection in the follow-up period.

RESULTS:
Three hundred-twenty patients with IBD were included. None were infected from severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in the follow-up period. None of the IBD team members were infected.

DISCUSSION:
Neither pharmacological immunosuppression nor access to the hospital seem to be risk factors for infection in patients with IBD.
Aprendizaje colaborativo y tecnologías de información y comunicación para el perfil global de docentes y estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Aponte María Claudia , Brea Orlando 
Published: August 2020

Ver presentación artículo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z03306CmMPk
Investigadores de la internacionalización de la educación superior y del currículo, asociaciones universitarias de facultades y escuelas, organismos internacionales, investigadores de la pedagogía y del currículo han trabajado en el establecimiento de las características y competencias para la formación de perfiles internacionales para los profesionales de hoy y del futuro. El aprendizaje colaborativo y la aplicación de las TIC al proceso de aprendizaje son unas de las competencias más mencionadas en las propuestas sobre el perfil global del estudiante y profesor. Pero, ¿qué tan dispuestos están los profesores y los estudiantes para desarrollar estas competencias? Este artículo presenta los resultados de un proyecto de innovación que incorporó en procesos formativos en diferentes grupos de estudiantes y de profesores, el aprendizaje colaborativo y las TIC. La hipótesis del trabajo planteó que para los docentes universitarios la inclusión de estas competencias en su perfil generaría una resistencia, mientras que para los estudiantes no sería así. Los resultados mostraron que el aprendizaje colaborativo se aplica ocasionalmente en ambos grupos, los docentes y estudiantes utilizan frecuentemente las TIC en sus procesos de aprendizaje, y para los docentes el uso de TIC y el aprendizaje colaborativo resultan más difíciles de aplicar.
Sometimes Your Best Just Ain’t Good Enough: The Worldwide Evidence on Subjective Well-being Efficiency
Authors: Nikolova Milena , Popova Olga 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Most of the studies on subjective well-being focus on the determinants of absolute life satisfaction or happiness levels. This paper asks an important but understudied question, namely, could countries achieve the same or even higher subjective well-being by using the same resources more efficiently? We provide the first country panel evidence on whether nations efficiently transform their endowments (income, education, and health) into subjective well-being and which factors influence the conversion efficiency. Using data on 91 countries from 2009 to 2014, we find that that well-being efficiency gains are possible worldwide. We show that poor labor market conditions as proxied by unemployment and involuntary part-time employment are associated with lower ‘subjective well-being efficiency,’ while social support, freedom, and the rule of law improve it. These findings are useful to policymakers in helping identify inefficiencies, reducing wasteful resource use, and developing policies that promote sustainable development and human well-being. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks and raise policy-relevant questions about the appropriate instruments to improve subjective well-being efficiency.
Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotics in adolescents with acute psychotic episode during first 14 days after admission: effectiveness and safety evaluation
Authors: Ivashchenko Dmitriy V. , Khoang Sofi Z. , Makhmudova Bakhu V. , Buromskaya Nina I. , Shimanov Pavel V. , Deitch Roman V. , Akmalova Kristina A. , Shuev Grigoriy N. , Dorina Irina V. , Nastovich Marina I. , Shagovenko Eugenia N. , Grishina Elena A. , Savchenko Lyudmila M. , Shevchenko Yuriy S. , Sychev Dmitriy A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Prediction of the antipsychotic’s effectiveness is a relevant topic in the field of personalized medicine.

Methods
The research design of this study is a prospective observation with posthoc analysis of associations of genetic polymorphisms with safety parameters and effectiveness of antipsychotic therapy. We observed 53 adolescents with an acute psychotic episode which were prescribed antipsychotics for 14 days. We evaluated the effectiveness of antipsychotics with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale and the safety with the UKU Side Effects Rating Scale, Simpson-Angus Scale, and Barnes Akathisia rating scale. We genotyped CYP3A4*22 (rs2740574), CYP3A5*3 (6986A>G, rs7767746), CYP2D6*4, *9, *10 (rs3892097, rs1065852), ABCB1 1236C>T (rs1128503), 2677G>T/A (rs2032582), 3435C>T (rs1045642), DRD2 (rs1800497), DRD4 (rs1800955), HTR2A (rs6313) by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method.

Results
We found significantly more frequent “increased dream activity” between CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers and normal metabolizers (54 vs. 22%; p=0.043). The «increased duration of sleep» was more often observed in homozygotes TT of ABCB1 2677G>T/A (50 vs. 15.8%, p=0.006) and TT of 3435C>T (41.7 vs. 8.2%, p=0.007).

Conclusions
We found that CYP2D6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms were associated with the safety of antipsychotics in adolescents with an acute psychotic episode.
Investigation of Meshing Strategy on Mechanical Behaviour of Hip Stem Implant Design Using FEA
Authors: Ikhsan  , Triyono Joko , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Sohn Jung Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hip joint is an important human joints system. The damaged hip joints need to be replaced with artificial hip joints. The Study of the hip joint is very costly therefore another calculation method is demanded to produce good result in acceptable time and cost. Considering this problem, a series of study to assess hip joint performance is conducted using numerical approach. Important parameter for example applied materials are used in the modelling by idealizing Ti-6Al-4V compared to SS 316 L, and stemlengthwas chosen to be 128 mm. ANSYS software was used to analyze models, and designed element size variations were set to be in range 1 to 2.5 mm. The magnitude of force was placed on the femoral head with an angle of 16
∘
C from the vertical axis. Results showed that SS 316 L material has smaller deformation than Ti material. Whereas Central Processing (CP) time decreases in increasing element size for both materials. In addition, more variations in mesh size are needed to get more accurate convergent results.
Towards online adaptation of digital twins
Authors: Nikula Riku-Pekka , Paavola Marko , Ruusunen Mika , Keski-Rahkonen Joni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Digital twins have gained a lot of attention in modern day industry, but practical challenges arise from the requirement of continuous and real-time data integration. The actual physical systems are also exposed to disturbances unknown to the real-time simulation. Therefore, adaptation is required to ensure reliable performance and to improve the usability of digital twins in monitoring and diagnostics. This study proposes a general approach to the real-time adaptation of digital twins based on a mechanism guided by evolutionary optimization. The mechanism evaluates the deviation between the measured state of the real system and the estimated state provided by the model under adaptation. The deviation is minimized by adapting the model input based on the differential evolution algorithm. To test the mechanism, the measured data were generated via simulations based on a physical model of the real system. The estimated data were generated by a surrogate model, namely a simplified version of the physical model. A case study is presented where the adaptation mechanism is applied on the digital twin of a marine thruster. Satisfactory accuracy was achieved in the optimization during continuous adaptation. However, further research is required on the algorithms and hardware to reach the real-time computation requirement.