bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seizure‐onset regions demonstrate high inward directed connectivity during resting‐state: An SEEG study in focal epilepsy
Authors: Narasimhan Saramati , Kundassery Keshav B. , Gupta Kanupriya , Johnson Graham W. , Wills Kristin E. , Goodale Sarah E. , Haas Kevin , Rolston John D. , Naftel Robert P. , Morgan Victoria L. , Dawant Benoit M. , González Hernán F. J. , Englot Dario J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy, stereotactic‐electroencephalography (SEEG) can aid in localizing epileptogenic regions for surgical treatment. SEEG, however, requires long hospitalizations to record seizures, and ictal interpretation can be incomplete or inaccurate. Our recent work showed that non‐directed resting‐state analyses may identify brain regions as epileptogenic or uninvolved. Our present objective is to map epileptogenic networks in greater detail and more accurately identify seizure‐onset regions using directed resting‐state SEEG connectivity.MethodsIn 25 patients with focal epilepsy who underwent SEEG, 2 minutes of resting‐state, artifact‐free, SEEG data were selected and functional connectivity was estimated. Using standard clinical interpretation, brain regions were classified into four categories: ictogenic, early propagation, irritative, or uninvolved. Three non‐directed connectivity measures (mutual information [MI] strength, and imaginary coherence between and within regions) and four directed measures (partial directed coherence [PDC] and directed transfer function [DTF], inward and outward strength) were calculated. Logistic regression was used to generate a predictive model of ictogenicity.ResultsIctogenic regions had the highest and uninvolved regions had the lowest MI strength. Although both PDC and DTF inward strengths were highest in ictogenic regions, outward strengths did not differ among categories. A model incorporating directed and nondirected connectivity measures demonstrated an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.88 in predicting ictogenicity of individual regions. The AUC of this model was 0.93 when restricted to patients with favorable postsurgical seizure outcomes.SignificanceDirected connectivity measures may help identify epileptogenic networks without requiring ictal recordings. Greater inward but not outward connectivity in ictogenic regions at rest may represent broad inhibitory input to prevent seizure generation.
Rheological characterisation of yolk‐based gels and Staphylococcus growth
Authors: Alonso Paula , Laca Amanda , Laca Adriana , Díaz Mario 
Published: September 2020

SummaryModel yolk‐based (10% v/v) gels with different concentrations of κ‐carrageenan (0–2% w/w) were characterised employing rheological measurements, textural analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the effect of the microstructure of the model gels on the growth rate of Staphylococcus was also evaluated. In all cases, the nature of the gel was dominated by the elastic component, specifically, 1.5, 1.75 and 2% κ‐carrageenan samples can be described as ‘true gels’ (tan δ < 0.1). Maximum strength of the interactions between rheological units (A) was observed with 1.75% κ‐carrageenan (4.74 ± 0.38 kPa), which indicates that the strength of interactions was determined not only by κ‐carrageenan concentration, but also by the amount of yolk. Finally, an inverse linear correlation was found between the maximum specific growth rate of Staphylococcus and rheological data (R2 > 0.99).
Effect of heat‐treated wheat germ on dough properties and crackers quality
Authors: Meriles Silvina Patricia , Penci Maria Cecilia , Steffolani Maria Eugenia , Ribotta Pablo Daniel 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis study aims to analyse the influence of heat‐treated wheat germ on dough properties and cracker quality. Different substitution levels of wheat flour were evaluated (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%). Dough rheological properties and stress relaxation behaviour were determined. Chemical characteristics, baking performance, texture, water activity and sensory analyses were performed on crackers. Wheat germ weakened the dough structure. The following mechanisms were suggested to explain this weakening effect: the addition of wheat germ diluted gluten; flour components and germ competed for water and decreased the water availability for gluten formation; and germ particles physically disrupted the continuity of the gluten network. Nevertheless, good quality crackers were obtained and their nutritional value was improved, with remarkable increments in protein, fibre and mineral contents. Also, high acceptance in sensory evaluation was recorded at substitution levels of 20% and 30% of germ, compared to control sample (0%).
Analysis of consumer‐oriented quality characteristics of raw and boiled plantains in Cameroon: implication for breeding
Authors: Ngoh Newilah Gérard , Kendine Vepowo Cédric , Takam Ngouno Annie , Bouniol Alexandre , Rolland‐Sabaté Agnès , Meli Meli Vivien , Yong Lemoumoum Judéon Socrates , Forsythe Lora , Dufour Dominique , Fliedel Geneviève 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis study aimed at understanding users’ demand for raw and boiled plantains in rural and urban areas in West and Littoral regions of Cameroon. Surveys conducted in eight rural localities consisted of key informant interviews, gender‐disaggregated focus group discussions, market and individual interviews. Processing and cooking diagnoses were done with restaurant cooks in urban areas, to know the details of plantain processing and boiling and to understand the quality characteristics of raw plantain that give a most‐liked boiled plantain. Local favourite landraces, most cultivated landraces in Cameroon (Batard and Big ebanga) and a new CARBAP/CIRAD hybrid (CARBAP K74) were used. The preference for plantain cultivars was both gender and region‐dependent. High‐quality plantain should be mature, with big fingers and having a dark green peel colour. The fruit length and girth, pulp pH, dry matter content and firmness were found to be relevant postharvest quality characteristics for plantain breeding improvement.
Hospital‐in‐the‐Home experience of first 23 COVID‐19 patients at a regional NSW hospital
Authors: Lwin Nilar , Burgess Jenny , Johnston Claire , Johnson Nyomie , Chung Steven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmbulatory care is an important service for patients with the COVID‐19 infection especially in a regional area where most of the patients underwent home isolation. Escalation of treatment and timely transition to inpatient care are critical when COVID‐19 patients deteriorate. Equally important is ensuring transfer into facility is carried out in a well‐planned, safe manner to prevent exposure to health care professionals as well as other inpatients. This study is a summary of our COVID Hospital‐in‐the‐Home (HITH) service and clinical presentation of COVID‐19 patients.
The Habitat Amount Hypothesis implies negative effects of habitat fragmentation on species richness
Authors: Saura Santiago 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe habitat amount hypothesis (HAH) predicts that species richness in a habitat site increases with the amount of habitat in the ‘local landscape’ defined by an appropriate distance around the site, with no distinct effects of the size of the habitat patch in which the site is located. It has been stated that a consequence of the HAH, if supported, would be that it is unnecessary to consider habitat configuration to predict or manage biodiversity patterns, and that conservation strategies should focus on habitat amount regardless of fragmentation. Here, I assume that the HAH holds and apply the HAH predictions to all habitat sites over entire landscapes that have the same amount of habitat but differ in habitat configuration. By doing so, I show that the HAH actually implies clearly negative effects of habitat fragmentation, and of other spatial configuration changes, on species richness in all or many of the habitat sites in the landscape, and that these habitat configuration effects are distinct from those of habitat amount in the landscape. I further show that, contrary to current interpretations, the HAH is compatible with a steeper slope of the species–area relationship for fragmented than for continuous habitat, and with higher species richness for a single large patch than for several small patches with the same total area (SLOSS). This suggests the need to revise the ways in which the HAH has been interpreted and can be actually tested. The misinterpretation of the HAH has arisen from confounding and overlooking the differences in the spatial scales involved: the individual habitat site at which the HAH gives predictions, the local landscape around an individual site and the landscapes or regions (with multiple habitat sites and different local landscapes) that need to be analysed and managed. The HAH has been erroneously viewed as negating or diminishing the relevance of fragmentation effects, while it actually supports the importance of habitat configuration for biodiversity. I conclude that, even in the cases where the HAH holds, habitat fragmentation and configuration are important for understanding and managing species distributions in the landscape.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss against the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
Authors: Jaafar R , Ødegård J , Mathiessen H , Karami A M , Marana M H , von Gersdorff Jørgensen L , Zuo S , Nielsen T , Kania P W , Buchmann K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis has a low host specificity eliciting white spot disease (WSD) in a wide range of freshwater fishes worldwide. The parasite multiplies rapidly whereby the infection may reach problematic levels in a host population within a few days. The parasite targets both wild and cultured fish but the huge economic impact of the protozoan is associated with mortality, morbidity and treatment in aquacultural enterprises. We have investigated the potential for genetic selection of WSD‐resistant strains of rainbow trout. Applying the DNA typing system Affymetrix® and characterizing the genome of the individual fish by use of 57,501 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and their location on the rainbow trout chromosomes, we have genetically characterized rainbow trout with different levels of natural resistance towards WSD. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) used for the selection of breeders with specific markers for resistance are reported. We found a significant association between resistance towards I. multifiliis infection and SNP markers located on the two specific rainbow trout chromosomes Omy 16 and Omy 17. Comparing the expression of immune‐related genes in fish—with and without clinical signs—we recorded no significant difference. However, trout surviving the infection showed high expression levels of genes encoding IgT, T‐cell receptor TCRβ, C3, cathelicidins 1 and 2 and SAA, suggesting these genes to be associated with protection.
Seawater transmission and infection dynamics of pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Samsing Francisca , Rigby Megan , Tengesdal Hedda K. , Taylor Richard S. , Farias Daniela , Morrison Richard N. , Godwin Scott , Giles Carla , Carson Jeremy , English Chloe J. , Chong Roger , Wynne James W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Tasmanian salmon industry had remained relatively free of major viral diseases until the emergence of pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV). Originally isolated from wild pilchards, POMV is of concern to the industry as it can cause high mortality in farmed salmon (Salmo salar). Field observations suggest the virus can spread from pen to pen and between farms, but evidence of passive transmission in sea water was unclear. Our aim was to establish whether direct contact between infected and naïve fish was required for transmission, and to examine viral infection dynamics. Atlantic salmon post‐smolts were challenged with POMV by either direct exposure via cohabitation or indirect exposure via virus‐contaminated sea water. POMV was transmissible in sea water and direct contact between fish was not required for infection. Head kidney and heart presented the highest viral loads in early stages of infection. POMV survivors presented low viral loads in most tissues, but these remained relatively high in gills. A consistent feature was the infiltration of viral‐infected melanomacrophages in different tissues, suggesting an important role of these in the immune response to POMV. Understanding POMV transmission and host–pathogen interactions is key for the development of improved surveillance tools, transmission models and ultimately for disease prevention.
Shared decision‐making with people with intellectual disabilities in the last phase of life: A scoping review
Authors: Noorlandt H. W. , Echteld M. A. , Tuffrey‐Wijne I. , Festen D. A. M. , Vrijmoeth C. , van der Heide A. , Korfage I. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundShared decision‐making (SDM) is the process in which healthcare professionals and patients jointly discuss and decide which care and treatment policy is to be followed. The importance of SDM is increasingly being recognised across health settings, including palliative care. Little is known about SDM with people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) in the last phase of life. This review aimed to explore to which extent and in which way people with ID in the last phase of life are involved in decision‐making about their care and treatment.MethodIn this scoping review, we systematically searched in the Embase, Medline and PsycINFO databases for empirical studies on decision‐making with people with ID in the last phase of life.ResultsOf a total of 281 identified titles and abstracts, 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All focused on medical end‐of‐life decisions, such as foregoing life‐sustaining treatment, do‐not‐attempt‐resuscitation orders or palliative sedation. All studies emphasise the relevance of involving people with ID themselves, or at least their relatives, in making decisions at the end of life. Still, only two papers described processes of decision‐making in which persons with ID actively participated. Furthermore, in only one paper, best practices and guidelines for decision‐making in palliative care for people with ID were defined.ConclusionAlthough the importance of involving people with ID in the decision‐making process is emphasised, best practices or guidelines about what this should look like are lacking. We recommend developing aids that specifically support SDM with people with ID in the last phase of life.
Experimental techniques for the development of a uterus transplantation model in cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Kisu Iori , Banno Kouji , Obara Hideaki , Kato Yojiro , Yamada Yohei , Matsubara Kentaro , Matoba Yusuke , Adachi Masataka , Emoto Katsura , Masugi Yohei , Saiki Yoko , Ishigaki Hirohito , Itagaki Iori , Kawamoto Ikuo , Iwatani Chizuru , Nakagawa Takahiro , Murase Mitsuru , Tsuchiya Hideaki , Nakagawa Kenshi , Shiina Takashi , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUterus transplantation (UTx) is now a treatment for women with uterine factor infertility to have a child. However, UTx is still largely at the experimental stage, and many medical issues remain unsolved. Therefore, adequate studies in large animals including non‐human primates are required for validation of these issues. UTx research, especially in non‐human primates, can provide important information for its full establishment in humans due to the anatomical and physiological similarities between the two. We accumulated data from UTx studies using cynomolgus macaques since 2009 and established autologous and allogeneic UTx models which led to deliveries after performing the procedure. In this paper, we summarized key points to develop UTx models in cynomolgus macaques based on our experience. UTx models in non‐human primates can surely contribute new and beneficial knowledge in this field and can be useful for the further development of UTx in humans.
Where You Lead, I Will Follow: Exploring Sibling Similarity in Brain and Behavior During Risky Decision Making
Authors: Rogers Christy R. , Lee Tae‐Ho , Fry Cassidy M. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: September 2020

This exploratory study examined whether social learning increases similarity in adolescent siblings’ behavior and neural patterns during risky decision making. Participants included 86 adolescents (43 sibling dyads; younger siblings: Mage = 12.2 years; 22 females; older siblings: Mage = 14.6 years; 20 females) who completed questionnaires, and a decision‐making task during an fMRI scan. Younger siblings became more similar to their older siblings’ risky decision making after observing their older sibling take risks). Younger siblings who reported greater modeling of their older sibling, and less differentiation from them, showed increased neural similarity to their older siblings in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the right anterior insula and ventral striatum, respectively. These findings highlight siblings as salient social agents in how adolescents process risky decision making.
Hyperlipasemia in critically ill dogs with and without acute pancreatitis: Prevalence, underlying diseases, predictors, and outcome
Authors: Prümmer Julia K. , Howard Judith , Grandt Lisa M. , Obrador de Aguilar Rafael , Meneses Felix , Peters Laureen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperlipasemia is frequent in critically ill people without evidence of acute pancreatitis (AP), and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of hyperlipasemia at admission and development of hyperlipasemia during hospitalization in critically ill dogs, explore factors associated with hyperlipasemia, and evaluate association with outcome.AnimalsCritically ill, client owned dogs (n = 1360), presented on emergency and admitted to the intensive care unit, that had 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6′‐methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity measured within 24 hours of admission.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study of clinical and laboratory records.ResultsThe DGGR lipase activity was increased >3× the upper reference limit at admission in 216/1360 (16%) dogs, of which 70/216 (32%) had a clinical diagnosis of AP. Other primary conditions associated with hyperlipasemia were renal, endocrine, and immune‐mediated diseases, and upper airway obstruction. Predictors of hyperlipasemia at admission were prior glucocorticoid administration, vomiting and abdominal pain, increased age, plasma bilirubin and creatinine concentrations, and decreased hematocrit. Of dogs with repeat measurements, 78/345 (23%) had significantly increased lipase during hospitalization, of which 13/78 (17%) had a clinical diagnosis of AP. Other primary conditions associated with in‐hospital hyperlipasemia were renal and immune‐mediated disorders. Predictors of developing hyperlipasemia during hospitalization were hemodialysis events, increased plasma bilirubin and creatinine concentrations, and decreased hematocrit. Hyperlipasemia both at admission and during hospitalization was associated with longer hospitalization and higher mortality.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSignificant DGGR‐hyperlipasemia is frequent in critically ill dogs and associated with a variety of nonpancreatic conditions and negative outcome.
COVID‐19 and hepatic involvement: The liver as a main actor of the pandemic novel
Authors: Napodano Cecilia , Pocino Krizia , Stefanile Annunziata , Marino Mariapaola , Miele Luca , Gulli Francesca , Basile Valerio , Pandolfi Franco , Gasbarrini Antonio , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Basile Umberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the natural history of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, liver injury is frequent but quite mild and it is defined as any liver damage occurring during disease progression and treatment of infection in patients with or without pre‐existing liver diseases. The underlying mechanisms for hepatic injury in patients with COVID‐19 are still unclear but the liver damage in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection seems to be directly caused by virus‐induced cytopathic effects. In this review, we will summarize all data of updated literature, regarding the relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, acute response and liver involvement. An overview will be given on liver injury, liver transplant and the possible consequences of COVID‐19 in patients with pre‐existing liver diseases.
Serum canine thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) concentrations correlate with disease severity and therapeutic responses in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Asahina Ryota , Ueda Kazunori , Oshima Yuri , Kanei Toshitaka , Kato Masahiro , Furue Masutaka , Tsukui Toshihiro , Nagata Masahiko , Maeda Sadatoshi 
Published: September 2020

RésuméContexteLa TARC/CCL17 (thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine) a été impliquée dans la pathogénie de la dermatite atopique canine (cAD). Les concentrations sériques de TARC sont un biomarqueur fiable chez l’homme atopique ; cependant, leur potentiel en tant que biomarqueur pour cAD n’a pas été étudié.Hypothèses/ObjectifsEtudier si les concentrations sériques de TARC corrèlent avec la sévérité de la maladie et les réponses thérapeutiques pour cAD.SujetsTrente – neuf chiens avec cAD et 42 chiens sains ont été inclus.Matériels et méthodesLes concentrations sériques en TARC chez les chiens avec cAD et les chiens sains ont été mesurées par ELISA avec anticorps anti‐TARC canin. La sévérité clinique de cAD a été notée par CADESI‐04 (Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration). Les concentrations de TARC sériques ont été comparées entre les chiens avec cAD et les chiens sains contrôles, et leur relation avec CADESI‐04 a été étudiée. Les concentrations sériques de TARC ont aussi été mesurées chez 20 chiens avec cAD traités par prednisolone ou oclacitinib pendant quatre semaines.RésultatsLes concentrations sériques de TARC étaient significativement plus élevées chez les chiens avec cAD que chez les chiens sains (P < 0.001). Chez les chiens avec cAD, les concentrations sériques de TARC corrélaient avec les scores de CADESI‐04 (ρ = 0.457, P< 0.01). En outre, les concentrations sériques de TARC diminuaient significativement chez les chiens traités avec atténuation des signes cliniques (P < 0.001). Les changements de concentrations sériques de TARC avant et après traitement corrélaient avec ceux des scores CADESI‐04 (ρ = 0.746, P < 0.001).Conclusions et importance cliniqueLes concentrations sériques de TARC ont le potentiel d’être un outil clinique et de recherche pour l’évaluation objective de l’intensité de la maladie et de la réponse thérapeutique de la CAD.