bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal Hump Treatment With Cartilaginous Push-Down and Preservation of the Bony Cap
Authors: Ishida Luiz Carlos , Ishida Jorge , Ishida Luis Henrique , Tartare Adriane , Fernandes Rafaela Katerine , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Classic nasal hump reduction based on partial resection of the cartilage and bones in the nose may lead to dorsum deformities such as an inverted-V deformity, irregularities, and an open roof. Techniques that preserve the nasal dorsum (namely the push-down and let-down) avoid these problems, but may not always be indicated for very large, broad, or deviated noses, whereas cartilaginous push-down is also indicated for large and deviated humps. Because only the cartilaginous portion of the hump is preserved in the cartilaginous push-down, a rough area may remain where the bony portion is resected.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop a variation of the cartilaginous push-down technique which includes a bony cap to preserve the smoothness of the keystone area during nasal hump treatment.

Methods
Forty-eight consecutive patients with indication for nasal hump treatment who underwent cartilaginous push-down procedures with bony cap preservation between August 2018 and October 2019 were studied.

Results
We observed related complications in 2 patients (4.2%); in 1 patient (2.1%) the bony cap was lost during the rasping of the nasal bones and the surgery was altered to utilize only the cartilaginous push-down. Another patient (2.1%) experienced a mild hump recurrence during the early weeks following the procedure. All of the remaining patients had their nasal humps treated adequately.

Conclusions
The nasal hump was adequately corrected in most of the study patients (95.8%). Preserving the bony cap while performing the cartilaginous push-down may prevent complications related to the osseous resection of the keystone area.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Effect of Thymosin beta4 on the Survival of Autologous Fat Grafting: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Qu Yaping , Wang Qian , Fu Su , Guo Xiaoshuang , Luan Jie , Mu Dali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Autologous fat grafting is a common procedure to improve tissue deficiencies. However, the survival rate of fat grafting is unpredictable. Thymosin beta 4 (Tß4), a multifunctional peptide containing 43 amino acids, is effective in angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation.

Objectives
The authors initially investigated the potential effect of Tß4 in fat grafting.

Methods
Adipose tissue premixed exogenous Tß4 were transplanted into rabbit ears. Rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group A, 5 μg/mL Tß4; group B, 10 μg/mL Tß4; and group C, phosphate-buffered saline buffer as a blank control. The fat grafts were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging at 2, 4, and 12 weeks in vivo. Each harvested graft was analyzed at 3 time points after transplantation.

Results
The fat grafts in the Tß4-treated groups showed better volume and weight retention, greater adipose tissue integrity, adipocyte viability, and angiogenesis. The results of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging also showed that the experimental groups increased microcirculation perfusion of the grafts.

Conclusions
The study proved that Tß4 could improve adipose tissue survival and neovascularization. It may be useful for fat grafting as a potential protective reagent.
Phylogeography of the widespread white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis): pre-glacial expansion and genetic differentiation of populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
Authors: Zamudio-Beltrán Luz E , Licona-Vera Yuyini , Hernández-Baños Blanca E , Klicka John , Ornelas Juan Francisco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Pleistocene glacial cycles had a strong influence on the demography and genetic structure of many species, particularly on northern-latitude taxa. Here we studied the phylogeography of the white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis), a widely distributed species of the highlands of Mexico and Central America. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences was combined with ecological niche modelling (ENM) to infer the demographic and population differentiation scenarios under present and past conditions. Analyses of 108 samples from 11 geographic locations revealed population structure and genetic differentiation among populations separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (IT) and the Motagua-Polochic-Jocotán (MPJ) fault barriers. ENM predicted a widespread distribution of suitable habitat for H. leucotis since the Last Inter Glacial (LIG), but this habitat noticeably contracted and fragmented at the IT. Models for historical dispersal corridors based on population genetics data and ENM revealed the existence of corridors among populations west of the IT; however, the connectivity of populations across the IT has changed little since the LIG. The shallow geographic structure on either side of the isthmus and a star-like haplotype network, combined with the long-term persistence of populations across time based on genetic data and potential dispersal routes, support a scenario of divergence with migration and subsequent isolation and differentiation in Chiapas and south of the MPJ fault. Our findings corroborate the profound effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the evolutionary history of montane taxa but challenge the generality of expanded suitable habitat (pine-oak forests) during glacial cycles.
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the risk of metachronous cancer after endoscopic resection of esophageal cancer
Authors: Yokoyama Akira , Katada Chikatoshi , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Takizawa Kohei , Yano Tomonori , Oda Ichiro , Shimizu Yuichi , Nakanishi Hiroyoshi , Koike Tomoyuki , Hirao Motohiro , Okada Hiroyuki , Yoshii Takako , Katagiri Atsushi , Yamanouchi Takenori , Matsuo Yasumasa , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Kobayashi Nozomu , Ishikawa Hideki , Muto Manabu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFollow-up studies of Japanese patients who had undergone endoscopic resection (ER) for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have reported a high prevalence of metachronous SCC in the upper aerodigestive tract (UAT). This prospective multicenter cohort study followed up 330 Japanese patients after ER of ESCC for a median of 49.4 months. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for the 12-month period prior to study registration revealed high frequencies of high-risk drinking behaviors: 84 (25.4%) subjects had AUDIT scores of ≥15 points (suspected alcohol dependence) and 121 (36.7%) subjects had AUDIT scores of 8–14 points (hazardous drinking). Seventy-four subjects were metachronously diagnosed with ESCC, and 20 subjects with head and neck SCC (HNSCC). AUDIT scores ≥15 were associated with increases in the total number of HNSCCs per 100 person-years (0.4 for 0–7, 1.2 for 8–14 and 7.1 for ≥15; P &lt; 0.0001). AUDIT scores were progressively associated with the grade of esophageal Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs), a predictor of field cancerization in the UAT. Both an AUDIT score of ≥15 points and the presence of multiple LVLs were independent predictors of metachronous HNSCC [multivariate hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 6.98 (1.31–37.09) and 3.19 (1.19–8.54), respectively]. However, a high AUDIT score was not a predictor of metachronous ESCC. In conclusion, high AUDIT scores were markedly frequent in this population and increased the risk of metachronous HNSCC. The assessment of drinking behavior using the AUDIT and the completion of interventions for alcohol problems should be incorporated into the treatment strategy of ESCC.The name of the clinical trial register and the clinical trial registration number: Japan Esophageal Cohort Study, UMIN000001676.
Exploring the Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Jones Daniel P , Richardson Tom G , Davey Smith George , Gunnell David , Munafò Marcus R , Wootton Robyn E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Previous observational evidence has suggested an association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
We used observational techniques followed by Mendelian randomization to explore whether smoking is a causal factor in the development of IBD and its subtypes.

Results
In those who have ever smoked, we observed increased risk of IBD and, in current smokers, we observed increased risk of Crohn disease and decreased risk of ulcerative colitis. However, our Mendelian randomization analyses found little evidence that smoking affects the development of IBD.

Conclusion
Overall, our results suggest that smoking does not causally influence the risk of IBD.
High-molecular-weight von Willebrand Factor multimer ratio differentiates true-severe from pseudo-severe classical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis
Authors: Kellermair Joerg , Saeed Sahrai , Ott Helmut W , Kammler Juergen , Blessberger Hermann , Suppan Markus , Grund Michael , Kiblboeck Daniel , Urheim Stig , Chambers John B , Steinwender Clemens 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
Upon high wall shear stress, high-molecular-weight (HMW) von Willebrand Factor (VWF) multimers are degraded, thus, HMW VWF multimer deficiency mirrors haemodynamics at the site of aortic stenosis (AS). The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of HMW VWF multimer ratio for subcategorization of classical low-flow, low-gradient (LF/LG) AS.

Methods and results
Eighty-three patients with classical LF/LG AS were prospectively recruited and HMW VWF multimer pattern was analysed using a densitometric quantification of western blot bands. Patients were subclassified into true-severe (TS) and pseudo-severe (PS) classical LF/LG AS based on dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). Positive and negative predictive values (PPV/NPV) of HMW VWF multimer ratio for diagnosis of the TS subtype were calculated. HMW VWF multimer ratio in TS classical LF/LG AS was significantly decreased compared to PS classical LF/LG AS (0.86 ± 0.27 vs. 1.06 ± 0.09, P &lt; 0.001). HMW VWF multimer deficiency occurred exclusively in the TS subtype with an optimal PPV of 1.000 and NPV of 0.379. HMW VWF multimer ratio showed a strong correlation with mean transvalvular pressure gradients during DSE (r = −0.616; P &lt; 0.001). HMW VWF multimer ratio measured at baseline was higher compared to levels measured after DSE (0.87 ± 0.27 vs. 0.84 ± 0.31; P = 0.031) indicating DSE-induced increased proteolysis.

Conclusion
HMW VWF multimer ratio represents a valuable biomarker for classical LF/LG AS subclassification and mirrors haemodynamics during DSE. HMW VWF multimer ratio identifies the TS subtype without the use of other imaging techniques.
Seeking Asylum in Germany: Do Human and Social Capital Determine the Outcome of Asylum Procedures?
Authors: Kosyakova Yuliya , Brücker Herbert 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Although the Refugee Convention and European asylum legislation state that decisions regarding asylum applications should be determined solely based on persecution and other human rights violations, the outcomes of asylum procedures may be subject to socioeconomic selectivity. This article is the first to analyse whether the human and social capital of asylum-seekers affect the results of decisions regarding their asylum applications and the length of asylum procedures based on a comprehensive longitudinal survey of 5,300 refugees in Germany. We find that socioeconomic and social capital resources increase the probability of approval of asylum applications and reduce the length of asylum procedures. Moreover, human capital is particularly rewarding for asylum-seekers from countries subject to severe political and civil rights violations, whereas social networks are more conducive when the case for protection is rather difficult to prove. Finally, asylum-seekers with a higher socioeconomic status before migration seem to be better positioned to efficiently instrumentalize social networks during the asylum process. Throughout the analysis, we control for variables that capture the violation of human rights and other forms of violence, changes in asylum policies and country-of-origin-specific fixed effects. The results are robust to different specifications and are representative for asylum-seekers arriving in Germany between 2013 and 2016. Altogether, similar to other claim-making processes, the asylum process seems to promote social inequality due to socioeconomic and social capital resources.
Single-Tube Multimarker Assay for Estimating the Risk to Develop Preeclampsia
Authors: Ratnik Kaspar , Rull Kristiina , Hanson Ele , Kisand Kalle , Laan Maris 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Preeclampsia (PE) affects 2%–8% of all pregnancies worldwide. The predictive value of the currently used maternal serum fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/ placental growth factor (sFlt-1/PlGF) test is &lt; 40% for PE onset within 4 weeks. We aimed to develop an innovative multiplex assay to improve PE prediction.

Methods
The 6PLEX assay combining the measurements of ADAM12, sENG, leptin, PlGF, sFlt-1, and PTX3 was developed for the Luminex® xMAP platform. Assay performance was evaluated using 61 serum samples drawn from 53 pregnant women between 180 and 275 gestational days: diagnosed PE cases, n = 4; cases with PE onset within 4–62 days after sampling, n = 25; controls, n = 32. The B·R·A·H·M·S Kryptor sFlt-1/PlGF test (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hennigsdorf, Germany) was applied as an external reference. Alternative PE prediction formulae combining 6PLEX measurements with clinical parameters were developed.

Results
There was a high correlation in sFlt-1/PlGF estimated for individual sera between the 6PLEX and B·R·A·H·M·S Kryptor immunoassays (Spearman’s r = 0.93, P &lt; 0.0001). The predictive power of the 6PLEX combined with gestational age and maternal weight at sampling reached AUC 0.99 (95% CI 0.97–1.00) with sensitivity 100.0% and specificity 96.9%. In all models, sFlt-1/PlGF derived from the B·R·A·H·M·S immunoassays exhibited the lowest AUC value (&lt;0.87) and sensitivity (&lt;80%) with broad confidence intervals (13%–92%). The estimated prognostic yield of the 6PLEX compared to the B·R·A·H·M·S assay was significantly higher (96.5% vs 73.7%; P = 0.0005).

Conclusions
The developed single-tube multimarker assay for PE risk estimation in combination with clinical symptoms reached high prognostic yield (96.5%) and exhibited superior performance compared to the sFlt-1/PlGF test.
Microsclerotial Granular Formulation of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium brunneum and Its Combinations With Hydrogel and Imidacloprid Against the Annual Bluegrass Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Koppenhӧfer Albrecht M , Wu Shaohui , Kostromytska Olga S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We determined the potential of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum Petch (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) F52 strain, and of a microsclerotial formulation, for the control of the annual bluegrass weevil, Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, which is a major pest of golf course turf in eastern North America with widespread insecticide resistance. Under laboratory conditions in Petri dishes with moist sand, the microsclerotia (23–46 kg granules/ha) caused high rates of mortality (85–100%) and infection (67–80%) in annual bluegrass weevil adults, but these levels did not occur until after 9 d at constant 26°C and 12–15 d at 14 h at 23°C and 10 h at 17°C. Production of viable conidia was marginally higher at the higher temperature regime (7.3 vs. 5.2 × 109 per gram of granules). Application of microsclerotia did not provide significant control and infection of adults in pots with grass in the greenhouse. In field trials targeting spring generation larvae, microsclerotia application (50–100 kg granules/ha) was ineffective, and coapplication of hydrogel to stabilize soil moisture did not increase larval control. A liquid M. brunneum F52 conidial formulation (4.75–9.5 × 1013 colony forming units/ha) provided up to 51% control. Combinations of M. brunneum F52 with the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid provided additive control with up to 70% control with the conidial formulation. Field efficacy was probably limited by suboptimal temperatures for the fungus, and future tests need to examine whether higher control rates can be achieved in applications targeting the summer generation larvae.
Partnerships to Take on Climate Change: Adaptation Forestry and Conifer Strongholds Projects in the Northwoods, Minnesota, USA
Authors: White Mark A , Cornett Meredith W , Frerker Katie , Etterson Julie R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Northeastern Minnesota forests are vulnerable to declines in boreal tree species at their southern range limits. Temperate tree species may have a competitive advantage in this region as the climate warms. Enhancing the adaptive capacity of northern forests requires a multifaceted approach, one that involves cooperative relations given the region’s complex ownership patterns. In this context, a nongovernment conservation organization and public land-management agencies are partnering to test climate-informed forest management approaches, including: (1) Resilience, targeting northern conifer planting at “climate-resilient sites” with suitable microclimates to sustain boreal species over time; (2) Transition, catalyzing the shift to a temperate forest matrix using within-range plantings of native, climate-adapted tree species. Deployed together, Resilience and Transition strategies can help the Northwoods shift towards future forest conditions. Results from this work will help land managers make informed decisions about forest management and enhance landscape resilience in a changing climate.
Scrotal abscess after a perforated appendicitis
Authors: Keyes Jonathan , Casas-Melley Adela T , Liu Cherry , Epelman Monica S , Ellsworth Pamela I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Although perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients can result in a diverse array of complications, scrotal abscess is a rarely documented phenomenon. We present a case of acute scrotum after laparoscopic appendectomy. A retrospective review of prior literature on scrotal abscess secondary to perforated appendicitis was performed via PubMed to review the clinical presentation, etiology, type of treatment and outcome of pediatric patients. Patients without a patent processus vaginalis still require vigilant follow-up postoperatively to ensure timely intervention if scrotal pain develops during recovery.
Transcriptomics in Erigeron canadensis reveals rapid photosynthetic and hormonal responses to auxin herbicide application
Authors: McCauley Cara L , McAdam Scott A M , Bhide Ketaki , Thimmapuram Jyothi , Banks Jo Ann , Young Bryan G 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe perception pathway for endogenous auxin has been well described, yet the mode of action of synthetic auxin herbicides, used for &gt;70 years, remains uncharacterized. We utilized transcriptomics and targeted physiological studies to investigate the unknown rapid response to synthetic auxin herbicides in the globally problematic weed species Erigeron canadensis. Synthetic auxin herbicide application consistently and rapidly down-regulated the photosynthetic machinery. At the same time, there was considerable perturbation to the expression of many genes related to phytohormone metabolism and perception. In particular, auxin herbicide application enhanced the expression of the key abscisic acid biosynthetic gene, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid deoxygenase (NCED). The increase in NCED expression following auxin herbicide application led to a rapid biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA). This increase in ABA levels was independent of a loss of cell turgor or an increase in ethylene levels, both proposed triggers for rapid ABA biosynthesis. The levels of ABA in the leaf after auxin herbicide application continued to increase as plants approached death, up to &gt;3-fold higher than in the leaves of plants that were drought stressed. We propose a new model in which synthetic auxin herbicides trigger plant death by the whole-scale, rapid, down-regulation of photosynthetic processes and an increase in ABA levels through up-regulation of NCED expression, independent of ethylene levels or a loss of cell turgor.
Traceability mining between unit test and source code based on textual analysis applied to software systems
Authors: Arshia Amir Hossein , Rasekh Amir Hossein , Moosavi Mohammad Reza , Fakhrahmad Seyed Mostafa , Sadreddini Mohammad Hadi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Correctness of the designed system is one of the most important issues in the software development process. Therefore, various tests have been defined and designed to help software teams develop software with little or no problem. Finding a proper link between test class and the class under the test is an important but difficult task. Finding this relation helps the developers to conduct regression tests more efficiently. In this paper, we seek to propose a model for recovering traceable links between test classes and the classes under the test. The proposed method encompasses three parts: (1) method for extracting keywords and the measure of similarity of a specific part of code, (2) backward chain method based on a rule-based system, (3) using hybrid model to find traceable links between test classes and the code under test. This study uses three open-source and one industrial source projects to conduct experiments. The results are satisfactory compared to previous studies.
Making top-heavy IMFs from canonical IMFs near the Galactic Centre
Authors: Park So-Myoung , Goodwin Simon P , Kim Sungsoo S 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We show that dynamical evolution in a strong (Galactic Centre-like) tidal field can create clusters that would appear to have very top-heavy initial mass functions (IMFs). The tidal disruption of single star-forming events can leave several bound ‘clusters’ spread along 20 pc of the orbit within 1–2 Myr. These surviving (sub)clusters tend to contain an overabundance of massive stars, with low-mass stars tending to be spread along the whole ‘tidal arm’. Therefore, observing a cluster in a strong tidal field with a top-heavy IMF might well not mean the stars were formed with a top-heavy IMF.
Uncovering the orbital dynamics of stars hidden inside their powerful winds: application to η Carinae and RMC 140
Authors: Grant David , Blundell Katherine , Matthews James 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Determining accurate orbits of binary stars with powerful winds is challenging. The dense outflows increase the effective photospheric radius, precluding direct observation of the Keplerian motion; instead, the observables are broad lines emitted over large radii in the stellar wind. Our analysis reveals strong, systematic discrepancies between the radial velocities extracted from different spectral lines: the more extended a line’s emission region, the greater the departure from the true orbital motion. To overcome these challenges, we formulate a novel semi-analytical model that encapsulates both the star’s orbital motion and the propagation of the wind. The model encodes the integrated velocity field of the out-flowing gas in terms of a convolution of past motion due to the finite flow speed of the wind. We test this model on two binary systems. (1) For the extreme case η Carinae, in which the effects are most prominent, we are able to fit the model to 10 Balmer lines from H α to H κ concurrently with a single set of orbital parameters: time of periastron T0 = 2454848 (JD), eccentricity e = 0.91, semi-amplitude $k=69 \, \rm {\, km \, s^{-1}}$, and longitude of periastron ω = 241°. (2) For a more typical case, the Wolf–Rayet star in RMC 140, we demonstrate that for commonly used lines, such as He ii and N iii/iv/v, we expect deviations between the Keplerian orbit and the predicted radial velocities. Our study indicates that corrective modelling, such as presented here, is necessary in order to identify a consistent set of orbital parameters, independent of the emission line used, especially for future high accuracy work.