bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of the Tablo hemodialysis system for in‐center and home hemodialysis
Authors: Plumb Troy J. , Alvarez Luis , Ross Dennis L. , Lee Joseph J. , Mulhern Jeffrey G. , Bell Jeffrey L. , Abra Graham , Prichard Sarah S. , Chertow Glenn M. , Aragon Michael A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Home hemodialysis remains underutilized despite observational data indicating more favorable outcomes with home compared with in‐center hemodialysis. The Tablo Hemodialysis system is designed to be easy to learn and use and to facilitate adoption of home hemodialysis. The objective of the current investigational device exemption (IDE) study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tablo managed in‐center by health care professionals and in‐home by patients and/or caregivers.Methods: A prospective, multicenter, open‐label, crossover trial comparing in‐center and in‐home hemodialysis using Tablo. There were 4 treatment periods during which hemodialysis was prescribed 4 times per week: 1‐week Run‐In, 8‐week In‐Center, 4‐week Transition, and 8‐week In‐Home. The primary efficacy endpoint was weekly standard Kt/Vurea ≥ 2.1. The secondary efficacy endpoint was delivery of ultrafiltration (UF) within 10% of prescribed UF. We collected safety and usability data.Findings: Thirty participants enrolled and 28 completed all trial periods. Adherence to the protocol requirement of 4 treatments per week was 96% in‐center and 99% in‐home. The average prescribed and delivered session lengths were 3.4 hours for both the In‐Center and the In‐Home periods. The primary efficacy endpoint for the intention‐to‐treat cohort was achieved in 199/200 (99.5%) of measurements during the In‐Center period and 168/171 (98.3%) In‐Home. The average weekly standard Kt/Vurea was 2.8 in both periods. The secondary efficacy UF endpoint was achieved in the ITT cohort in 94% in both in‐center and in‐home. Two prespecified adverse events (AEs) occurred during the In‐Center period and 6 in the In‐Home period. None of the AEs were deemed by investigators as related to Tablo. The median resolution time of alarms was 8 seconds in‐center and 5 seconds in‐home.Conclusion: Primary and secondary efficacy and safety endpoints were achieved during both In‐Center and In‐Home trial periods. This study confirms that Tablo is safe and effective for home hemodialysis use.
The Impact of GCR on Local Governments and Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Kale Başak , Erdoğan Murat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the last couple of years, more than 3.6 million Syrian refugees have been hosted under the “temporary protection” scheme in Turkey. Despite these high numbers Turkey did not have a centralized refugee settlement and integration policy. As a result, various stakeholders including local governments have played critical roles in providing refugee assistance services. This research looks at the role of local governments in delivering services evolving from emergency response to local integration. This article argues that this role with respect to the United Nations’ Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) has to be further strengthened. The data for this research were collected through a comprehensive study based on interviews and surveys carried out in İstanbul with local authorities, İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality, and its 39 district municipalities in 2016‐2017. Although this research has its focus on İstanbul as the selected case study, the findings can reveal conclusions relevant to global implications and perspectives.
A Review of Engagement with Creativity and Creative Design Processes for Visual Communication Design (VCD) Learning in China
Authors: Saris Brenda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the enigma of how learners from the Peoples Republic of China enact and engage with creativity and creative design processes can be problematic for VCD educators. Central to the concerns are questions which relate to the relevance of Western creative and creative design process definitions, explanations and models. This review provides an overview and analysis of the literature in this area. Findings indicate challenges attributed to a dearth of empirical evidence from the Asian region. However, a number of studies were found, which enabled learner engagement with creative design process models. Such models may help illuminate complex pictures of learners’ interactions, artefacts, social, cultural and historic forces. The review highlights issues and common areas upon which to build and prompts theoretical and methodological approaches for future creative design process research.
A new strategy to promote flu vaccination among health care workers: Molinette Hospital's experience
Authors: Bert Fabrizio , Thomas Robin , Lo Moro Giuseppina , Scarmozzino Antonio , Silvestre Carlo , Zotti Carla Maria , Siliquini Roberta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesSeasonal flu represents a major public health issue, especially for health care workers (HCWs). WHO highlights the need of higher awareness and flu vaccine coverage among HCWs. In Europe the coverage is less than 30‐40%. Italy reports some of the lowest rates. The paper aims to illustrate the 2017/2018 flu vaccination campaign within Molinette, the third Italian hospital for dimensions, to provide inputs about strategies for increasing HCWs coverage. The campaign objective was to increase the administered doses at least of 30%.MethodsThe intervention included informational material, direct educational sessions for workers, extension of the access time to Occupational Medicine Service, elimination of the reservation requirement, composition of “moving vaccination units” (MVUs), and organisation of vaccination sessions within departments.ResultsIn 2017/2018, 593 doses were administered. The doses percentage change between 2017/2018 and 2016/2017 vaccination seasons was +46.06%, while it was +84.74% compared with the previous 5‐year period mean. The majority was administered by Occupational Medicine Service, while 6.75% by MVUs. Among the total doses, 72.68% were administered to workers, 13.49% to residents, 6.75% to students, and 7.08% to “other”. So, 7.68% of total workforce was vaccinated. Only 0.3% of vaccinated people presented mild adverse reactions.ConclusionsA combined campaign, that includes actions for education, increase of awareness, improved access to facilities and active offers to workers has potentiality but there is still work to do. The vaccination increase was determined mostly by the re‐organization of the occupational medicine, while the MVUs were useful to HCWs of detached offices.
Self‐assessment and subsequent external review as an effective model for improving drug use for elderly in primary care: A descriptive study of SÄKLÄK2
Authors: Skoog Jessica , Modig Sara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesPrimary health care often has overall responsibility for elderly patients and their medication treatment. This is a challenging task due to the issue of multiple caregivers, different systems for documentation and multimorbidity among the elderly. The multiprofessional project SÄKLÄK2 was developed to raise drug safety in Swedish primary health care, and this study aimed to assess whether the action agreements that emerged from the model were effective enough to potentially improve drug use in elderly patients.MethodThe SÄKLÄK2 project was conducted during 2016. A total of 12 primary health care centres (PHCs) in three counties participated in the project. The intervention method concerned the management of the PHCs and comprised self‐assessment, peer review, feedback, and written agreements for change, which were concluded between the reviewers and the manager of the PHC. The action agreements were analysed using summative content analysis (sorted under predesigned categories) and were also assessed as fulfilled, initiated, or not fulfilled within the follow‐up timeResultsThe importance of securing an accurate medication list was reflected in the number of action agreements in this area. Other prominent improvement areas were follow‐up of prescriptions, pharmacogeriatric further education, and cooperation between caregivers. Action agreements to facilitate for the patient to be able to handle his/her drugs were also common. The great majority (88%) of the action agreements were implemented or initiated within the follow‐up time.ConclusionsThe SÄKLÄK2 intervention model is considered effective in setting up a variety of relevant measures to improve drug safety in primary health care, which are possible to implement in the near future. Hence, the model is regarded as effective and should therefore be offered in a wider context.
Effect of pre‐emulsified soybean oil as a fat replacer on the physical and sensory attributes of reduced‐fat filling in steamed buns
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Min , Bhandari Bhesh , Li Linlin , Yang Chaohui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, soybean oil in bok choy (Brassica chinensis L.) fillings was replaced with pre‐emulsified oil by 0, 33, 366.7, and 100% of total oil and its effect on some physical and sensory attributes of reduced‐fat fillings was investigated. The replacement of 33.3 and 66.7% soybean oil (samples 1 and 2, respectively) did not significantly affect water‐ and oil‐binding capacity after steaming and total color difference (p > .05). Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that only with replacement of 100% soybean oil (sample 3), oil–water separation phenomenon occurred. In comparison with the control (100% soybean oil), samples 1 and 2 showed lower hardness (p < .05) and lower chewiness (p > .05), as well as similar flavor quality and overall acceptability. These results indicated that when the replacement level of total oil was up to 67%, the reduced‐fat filling presented satisfied sensory quality without sacrificing the original quality.Practical ApplicationsThe objective of the study was to investigate the effects of adding pre‐emulsified soybean oil to reduce the fat/oil on water/oil distribution, color, texture, and flavor of bok choy (B. chinensis L.) fillings in steamed stuffed buns. The replacement of 66.7% of total oil by pre‐emulsified oil showed fine flavor, similar texture, low ΔE value, and small differences in overall sensory acceptability. Therefore, use of pre‐emulsified soybean oil could be a potential fat‐reducing method in leafy vegetable‐based matrix food.
OsCYCP4s coordinate phosphate starvation signaling with cell cycle progression in rice
Authors: Xu Lei , Wang Fang , Li Ruili , Deng Minjuan , Fu Meilan , Teng Huiying , Yi Keke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphate starvation leads to a strong reduction in shoot growth and yield in crops. The reduced shoot growth is caused by extensive gene expression reprogramming triggered by phosphate deficiency, which is not itself a direct consequence of low levels of shoot phosphorus. However, how phosphate starvation inhibits shoot growth in rice is still unclear. In this study, we determined the role of OsCYCP4s in the regulation of shoot growth in response to phosphate starvation in rice. We demonstrate that the expression levels of OsCYCP4s, except OsCYCP4;3, were induced by phosphate starvation. Overexpression of the phosphate starvation induced OsCYCP4s could compete with the other cyclins for the binding with cyclin‐dependent kinases, therefore suppressing growth by reducing cell proliferation. The phosphate starvation induced growth inhibition in the loss‐of‐function mutants cycp4;1, cycp4;2, and cycp4;4 is partially compromised. Furthermore, the expression of some phosphate starvation inducible genes is negatively modulated by these cyclins, which indicates that these OsCYCP4s may also be involved in phosphate starvation signaling. We conclude that phosphate starvation induced OsCYCP4s might coordinate phosphate starvation signaling and cell cycle progression under phosphate starvation stress.
Characterization of afferent corpuscular sensors of the human palmaris brevis muscle
Authors: Bramke Silvia , May Christian Albrecht 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe palmaris brevis muscle contains numerous muscle spindles to control changes of the muscle length but is devoid of tendon‐associated neuronal elements (e.g. Golgi tendon organs or Ruffini‐like corpuscles) controlling changes in muscle strength. Pacinian bodies, frequently seen in the palm of the hand, show no direct association to the muscle bundles. The observed innervation pattern of the palmaris brevis muscle points to a specific type of neuronal regulation, present in skeletal muscles with no skeletal connection.
Sjogren‐Larsson syndrome associated hypermelanosis
Authors: Xu Yang‐Chun , Hou Ji‐Qiu , Zhu Wen‐Jing , Li Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSjogren – Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease of the mutation ALDH3A2 that identifies a part of fatty acids for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: NAD‐oxidoreductase enzyme complex. This study aimed to access variant ALDH3A2 gene coded for FALDH and products regulating pathogenic melanogenesis owing to increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species resulting in DNA harm in SLS. By turning them into fatty acids, FALDH avoids the accumulation of toxic fatty aldehydes. The mutation results in the accumulation of aldehyde‐modified lipids or fatty alcohols that may interfere with skin and brain function.MethodsIn Nov 2018, we performed a literature search in PubMed for clinical studies, clinical trials, case reports, controlled trials, randomized controlled trials, and systemic reviews. The search terms we used were “SJOGREN‐LARSSON SYNDROME” AND “HYPERMELANNOSIS” OR “FALDH” (from 1985). The search resulted in 1,289 articles, out of these 95 articles met our inclusion exclusion criteria. Our inclusion criteria included relevant original articles relevant, critical systemic reviews, and crucial referenced articles, ex‐clusion criteria included duplicates and articles not published in English language.ResultsToxicity of long‐chain aldehydes to FALDH‐deficient cells owing to accumulation under the profound epidermis layer improves oxidative stress in the cell resulting in keratinocyte hyperproliferation.ConclusionWhile it continues to be determined whether accumulated fatty alcohol and fatty aldehydes obtained from ether glycerolipids and sphingolipids improve the susceptibility of melanocytes and their element accountable for skin hyperpigmentation to biological colour.
Effects of textured foods on masticatory muscle activity in older adults with oral hypofunction
Authors: Matsuo Koichiro , Kito Norie , Ogawa Koichi , Izumi Ayako , Masuda Yuji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreserving sufficient oral function and maintaining proper nutrition are essential to prevent frailty. Thus, we have developed “munchy” foods that contain harder textures and are rich in protein.ObjectivesThis study aimed to test the effects of masticating textured foods on masticatory muscle activity in young and older adults.MethodsTwenty young and 32 community‐dwelling older individuals participated in this study. After measuring oral function, we subdivided the older participants into normal and oral hypofunction (OHF) groups. Two test foods (meatloaf and chicken ball) were prepared to have a harder texture using specific ingredients (munchy) or not (control). The participants ate 10 g of the test foods in random order while being measured for masseter muscle activity with a surface electromyogram (EMG). We calculated the number of chewing cycles and integrated muscle activity of the masseter muscle from the EMG data and tested for differences by food texture or age group.ResultsThe number of chewing cycles, mean EMG amplitude and integrated EMG activity was significantly higher for the munchy foods than for the controls for all groups. The integrated masseter muscle EMG activity was significantly increased in the normal older group than in the young group for both food types, but not significantly different between in OHF and young groups.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that eating textured foods will lead to increased masticatory load and therefore increased muscle activity, especially in older adults. Application of textured food may change dietary habits in older adults.
Maximum voluntary retrusion or habitual bite position for mandibular advancement assessment in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea patients
Authors: Ippolito Daniela Rita , Stipa Chiara , Cameli Matteo , Sorrenti Giovanni , Pelligra Irene , Alessandri‐Bonetti Giulio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on whether the range of mandibular advancement for the construction of mandibular advancement devices in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients should be measured from a starting position of maximum voluntary retrusion or habitual bite position.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to investigate the differences in mandibular advancement registrations starting from maximum voluntary retrusion or from habitual bite position and to evaluate the reliability of these assessments.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of 126 patients with OSA was performed. All patients had their mandibular range of motion evaluated twice (starting from maximum voluntary retrusion and from habitual bite position) through the George Gauge before undergoing drug‐induced sleep endoscopy. The Dahlberg formula and paired t test were used to calculate random and systematic errors of dental positions assessment. Test‐retest reliability was quantified using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe mean mandibular range starting from maximum voluntary retrusion and from habitual bite position were 12.49 ± 2.19 mm and 7.68 ± 2.29 mm, respectively, with a mean distance between the two starting positions of 4.81 ± 1.75 mm. No systematic error was found (P > .05), and random errors ranged from 0.30 to 0.95 mm. ICC values were excellent for maximum voluntary protrusion (ICC = 0.986) and maximum voluntary retrusion (ICC = 0.956), whereas habitual bite position showed a good value (ICC = 0.818).ConclusionThe difference between maximum voluntary retrusion and habitual bite position is potentially relevant. Maximum retrusion is advisable as starting point of the mandibular advancement registration since it provides a more reliable measure.
Outcome of cutaneous psoriasis in hepatitis C virus‐infected patients treated with Direct‐Acting Antiviral therapy
Authors: Cacciola Irene , Borgia Francesco , Filomia Roberto , Pitrone Concetta , Franzè Maria Stella , Alibrandi Angela , Squadrito Giovanni , Guarneri Claudio , Papaianni Valeria , Cannavò Serafinella Patrizia , Raimondo Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractApart from chronic liver disease, hepatitis C virus (HCV) may be responsible for several extra‐hepatic manifestations. Its involvement in psoriasis development is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of anti‐HCV direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment on cutaneous psoriasis. Thirty‐seven consecutive HCV patients with cutaneous psoriasis underwent efficacious DAA treatment, and all of them were efficiently cured as shown by HCV RNA negativity 24 weeks after stopping therapy (PT24W). An expert dermatologist evaluated the skin lesions at baseline, end of treatment (EOT) and PT24W using the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scoring system. The impact on quality of life was measured with the Dermatologic Quality of Life Index (DLQI). Six patients had a stable disease throughout the study period, whereas 31/37 patients (83.8%) showed a significant improvement of the skin lesions at EOT (P < .0001). However, 24 of these 31 patients (77.4%) had a dramatic worsening of the psoriatic lesions at PT24W compared with EOT (P < .001), with lesion severity comparable to baseline. The outcome of psoriasis during and after treatment was independent of baseline PASI score, age, sex, HCV genotype, liver disease stage and of the presence of arterial hypertension, diabetes and autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, DAA‐based HCV cure has only a transient effect on skin lesions of patients with concomitant cutaneous psoriasis.
Real‐world impact following initiation of interferon‐free hepatitis C regimens on liver‐related outcomes and all‐cause mortality among patients with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Pollock Kevin G. , Barclay Stephen T. , Goldberg David J. , Bathgate Andrew , Bramley Peter , Dillon John F. , Fraser Andrew , Innes Hamish A. , Kennedy Nicholas , Morris Judith , Went April , Hayes Peter C. , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFew studies have investigated clinical outcomes among patients with cirrhosis who were treated with interferon (IFN)‐free direct‐acting antiviral (DAA). We aimed to quantify treatment impact on first decompensated cirrhosis hospital admission, first hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) admission, liver‐related mortality and all‐cause mortality among a national cohort of cirrhotic patients. Through record linkage between Scotland's HCV Clinical Database and inpatient/day‐case hospitalization and deaths records, a study population comprising chronic HCV‐infected patients with compensated cirrhosis and initiated on IFN‐free DAA between 1 March 2013 and 31 March 2018 was analysed. Cox regression evaluated the association of each clinical outcome with time‐dependent treatment status (on treatment, responder, nonresponder or noncompliant), adjusting for patient factors including Child‐Pugh class. Among the study population (n = 1073) involving 1809 years of follow‐up, 75 (7.0%) died (39 from liver‐related causes), 47 progressed to decompensated cirrhosis, and 28 developed HCC. Compared with nonresponders, treatment response (96% among those attending their 12 weeks post‐treatment SVR test) was associated with a reduced relative risk of decompensated cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05‐0.39), HCC (HR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.79), liver‐related death (HR = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.05‐0.34) and all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12‐0.76). Compared with responders, noncompliant patients had an increased risk of liver‐related (HR = 6.73; 95% CI: 2.99‐15.1) and all‐cause (HR = 5.45; 95% CI: 3.07‐9.68) mortality. For HCV patients with cirrhosis, a treatment response was associated with a lower risk of severe liver complications and improved survival. Our findings suggest additional effort is warranted to address the higher mortality among the minority of cirrhotic patients who do not comply with DAA treatment or associated RNA testing.
Pricing collateralized derivatives with an arbitrary numeraire
Authors: Kennedy Joanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the 2008 crisis collateralized derivatives have become commonplace in the market. There have been many papers in recent years on pricing collateralized derivatives but the topic has been surrounded by confusion with debate focusing on whether or not a risk‐free rate needs to be assumed. In addition, as pointed out by Bielecki and Rutkowski, several authors do not pay enough attention to the pricing measure they are working in when setting up their models. The contribution of this paper is to show the pricing formula for a collateralized derivative can be derived under the usual assumptions of an arbitrage‐free economy starting from any equivalent martingale measure and associated numeraire.
Pathwise moderate deviations for option pricing
Authors: Jacquier Antoine , Spiliopoulos Konstantinos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe provide a unifying treatment of pathwise moderate deviations for models commonly used in financial applications, and for related integrated functionals. Suitable scaling enables us to transfer these results into small‐time, large‐time, and tail asymptotics for diffusions, as well as for option prices and realized variances. In passing, we highlight some intuitive relationships between moderate deviations rate functions and their large deviations counterparts; these turn out to be useful for numerical purposes, as large deviations rate functions are often difficult to compute.