bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from Vietnam’s COVID-19 response: the role of adaptive behavior change and testing in epidemic control
Authors: Pham Quang D. , Stuart Robyn M. , Nguyen Thuong V. , Luong Quang C. , Tran Dai Q. , Pham Thai Q. , Phan Lan T. , Dang Tan Q. , Tran Duong N. , Do Hung T. , Mistry Dina , Klein Daniel J. , Abeysuriya Romesh G. , Oron Assaf P. , Kerr Cliff C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundVietnam has emerged as one of the world’s leading success stories in responding to COVID-19. After prolonged zero-low transmission, a summer outbreak of unknown source at Da Nang caused the country’s first COVID-19 deaths, but was quickly suppressed. Vietnam recently reopened its borders to international travelers. Understanding the attendant risks and how to minimize them is crucial as Vietnam moves into this new phase.MethodsWe create an agent-based model of COVID-19 in Vietnam, using regional testing data and a detailed linelist of the 1,014 COVID-19 cases, including 35 deaths, identified across Vietnam. We investigate the Da Nang outbreak, and quantify the risk of another outbreak under different assumptions about behavioral/policy responses and ongoing testing.ResultsThe Da Nang outbreak, although rapidly contained once detected, nevertheless caused significant community transmission before it was detected; higher symptomatic testing could have mitigated this. If testing levels do not increase, the adoption of past policies in response to newly-detected cases may reduce the size of potential outbreaks but will not prevent them. Compared to a baseline symptomatic testing rate of 10%, we estimate half as many infections under a 20% testing rate, and a quarter as many with 40-50% testing rates, over the four months following border reopenings.ConclusionsVietnam’s success in controlling COVID-19 is largely attributable to its rapid response to detected outbreaks, but the speed of response could be improved even further with higher levels of symptomatic testing.
Covid-19 Prediction in USA using modified SIR derived model
Authors: desan Jathin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic is rapidly extended into the extraordinary crisis. Based on the SIR model and published datasets the Covid-19 spread is assessed and predicted in USA in terms of susceptible, recovered and infected in the communities is focused on this study. For modelling the USA pandemic prediction several variants have been utilized. The SIR model splits the whole population into three components such as Susceptible (S), Infected (I) and Recovered or Removed (R). A collection of differential equations have been utilized to propagate the model and resolve the disease dynamics. In the proposed study, the prediction of covid-19 based on time is performed using the modified SIR derived model SIR-D with discrete markov chain. This proposed technique analyse and forecasting the covid-19 spread in 19 states of USA. The performance analysis of the proposed Analytical results revealed that though the probable uncertainty of the proposed model provides prediction, it becomes difficult to determine the death cases in future.
Urban governance innovation and COVID‐19
Authors: McGuirk Pauline , Dowling Robyn , Maalsen Sophia , Baker Tom 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmergencies such as COVID‐19 trigger calls for innovation and invoke forced experimentation. They can shift what is thinkable and thus licence social and institutional change, opening space wherein new sociopolitical arrangements might emerge. Cities are at the heart of the COVID‐19 emergency, in terms of impact, management, and solutions. This commentary considers the implications of COVID‐19 for urban governance innovation. Incrementally, innovation has become a “new normal” across multiple fields of social, economic, technological, and environmental endeavour as disruptive enhancements are sought to address complex problems: urban governance is no exception. In cities, diverse new ecosystems of innovative urban governance have been emerging with the potential to reshape the politics and parameters of urban decision making, produce new institutional settings, reconstitute cities' multiscalar relations, and invoke new forms of power. This commentary considers urban governance innovation in COVID times. Drawing from Australian and international examples, we reflect on the actors taking centre stage as cities' responses to the pandemic take shape and consider the governing mechanisms being evoked. As these innovations embed more deeply the distributed nature of urban governance, we close with thoughts on the risks and opportunities that COVID‐19 presents for seeking inclusive innovation in the field of urban governance.
KIF4A enhanced cell proliferation and migration via Hippo signaling and predicted a poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xiaozheng , Chen Pengxiang , Chen Xue , Yang Wenjing , Chen Xuan , Zhou Wei , Huang Di , Cheng Yufeng 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn this study, we aimed to explore and clarify the function of KIF4A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsThe microarray data were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We then used the database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to perform the gene ontology function (GO) and KEGG Orthology‐Based Annotation System (KOBAS) to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The six core candidate genes were identified using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and Cytoscape software. Among them, the expression of KIF4A were validated by UALCAN database from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (P < 0.05). Western blotting, qRT‐PCR and IHC were used to detect the expression of KIF4A in tissues. Cell experiments (transwell migration assays, wound healing assay, CCK8 assay, and clone formation experiment) were utilized to verify the roles of KIF4A on the ESCC cells. Western blotting was used to explore the mechanism of KIF4A in ESCC.ResultsThe expression level of KIF4A was upregulated in ESCC samples compared to those in paracancerous tissues. Transwell migration and wound healing assay showed overexpression of KIF4A significantly promoted the migration of ESCC cells. CCK8 assay and clone formation experiment analysis showed that overexpression of KIF4A promoted proliferation of ESCC cells. Western blot detection found that KIF4A could affect the phosphorylation level of Hippo signaling pathway related proteins.ConclusionsIn summary, KIF4A promotes ESCC cell proliferation and migration by regulating the biological function of ESCC cells through the Hippo signaling pathway.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyWe found that high KIF4A expression was associated with poor overall survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. KIF4A expression also promoted the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells in vitro.What this study addsOur experimental results explain the role of KIF4A in ESCC, and provide a new biomolecular target for the treatment of ESCC.
Effects of age and comorbidities on serum levels of inflammatory markers in community‐acquired pneumonia
Authors: Viasus Diego , Simonetti Antonella F. , Estupiñan‐Bohórquez Andrés F. , Carratalà Jordi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionStudies have suggested that an inappropriate inflammatory response is a major cause of treatment failure and mortality in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to determine the effect of age and comorbidities on serum inflammatory markers in CAP.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with CAP. For the purposes of this study, we compared patients according to comorbidities and age. Inflammatory markers were measured at hospital admission, focusing on acute phase proteins, cytokines and monocyte human leucocyte antigen DR (mHLA‐DR) expression.ResultsIn patients with chronic pulmonary disease (COPD), serum cytokines had significantly decreased levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6 and mHLA‐DR expression, as well as the C‐reactive protein (CRP), compared with patients who had no comorbidities. Similarly, patients with chronic heart disease had a significantly reduced CRP levels and mHLA‐DR expression, whereas patients with chronic kidney disease had significantly higher serum levels of procalcitonin and TNF‐α. Lower procalcitonin, IL‐6 and IL‐10 levels, as well as mHLA‐DR expression, were documented in older patients, but with no significant differences compared to younger patients. Multimorbidity in older patients was associated with significant lower levels of CRP and mHLA‐DR expression.ConclusionsThe circulating inflammatory markers to CAP have profiles that differ with age and underlying comorbidities. Multimorbidity in the elderly is also associated with lower serum levels of some inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest that inflammatory markers in CAP should be interpreted after considering age and comorbid conditions.
Drivers for genetic structure at different geographic scales for Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) and yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) in the tropical eastern Pacific
Authors: Reguera‐Rouzaud Nicole , Díaz‐Viloria Noé , Pérez‐Enríquez Ricardo , Espino‐Barr Elaine , Rivera‐Lucero Mailin Isabel , Munguía‐Vega Adrián 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe tropical eastern Pacific (TEP) is a highly dynamic region and a model system to study how habitat discontinuities affect the distribution of shorefishes, particularly for species that display ontogenetic habitat shifts, including snappers (Lutjanidae). To evaluate the genetic structure of the Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) and the yellow snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) throughout their distribution range along the TEP, 13 and 11 microsatellite loci were analysed, respectively. The genetic diversity of L. peru (N = 446) and L. argentiventris (N = 170) was evaluated in 10 and 5 localities, respectively, showing slightly higher but non‐significant values in the Gulf of California for both species. The genetic structure analysis identified the presence of significant genetic structure in both species, but the locations of the identified barriers for the gene flow differed between species. The principal driver for the genetic structure at large scales >2500 km was isolation by distance. At smaller scales (<250 km), the habitat discontinuity for juveniles and adults and the environmental differences throughout the distribution range represented potential barriers to gene flow between populations for both species.
An international effort and use of social media to save a young girl
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Tyler Lisa , Alvarez Harold , Benitez Nancy , Nance Sandra , Burton Angela , Delk Alexander , Bright Frieda , Sawh Dave , Forbes Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesA 2‐year‐old female with neuroblastoma needed In(b−), E− red blood cells (RBCs). No units were available at the blood centre (BC) nor in the rare donor programme member’s inventories. BC’s Immunohematology Reference Laboratory (IRL) and its marketing department concentrated on recruiting and testing those donors more likely to be antigen negative based on ethnicity.Materials and methodsThe BC’s communication plan utilized social and traditional media to assist in the search for In(b–) blood. Media strategies directed donors in the United States (US) and Canada to go to their nearest BC for collection, tagging and testing of units. Two segments from each donation were shipped overnight to the BC’s IRL (associated with the patient) for testing. Diluted anti‐Inb sera was tested by microtechniques to conserve resources. Additionally, the American Rare Donor Program (ARDP) facilitated the international searches and acted as a liaison to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).ResultsMore than 25 000 people responded to the appeal. Seventy‐seven BCs submitted segments from 4197 units. Two donors were In(b–) but E+ and thus not compatible with the patient but were submitted to ARDP for future needs. The prevalence of In(b–) units identified in the search was 0·048%. In total, five known In(b−) donors, two from the US and three from international sources, provided units for this patient.ConclusionSocial media sparked a viral response to the rare blood need. While a match was not found among the units tested, domestic and international searches were able to meet the patient’s blood needs.
Recent Progress in Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layer Synthesis
Authors: Sopha Hanna , Motola Martin , Ng Siowwoon , Alijani Mahnaz , Macak Jan M. 
Published: December 2020

Over the past 15 years, self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers have attracted considerable scientific and technological interest due to their wide possible range of applications including (photo-) catalysis, hydrogen generation and biomedical uses [1,2]. The synthesis of the 1D TiO2 nanotube layers is usually carried out by electrochemical anodization of valve Ti metal sheets in various electrolytes.
The advantage of anodic TiO2 nanotube layers compared to TiO2 nanotubes prepared by other methods (e.g. hydrothermal) are the tunability of dimensions, their directionality, ability to absorb significant amount of incident light and the possibility to utilize nanotube interiors and exteriors for decoration-coating of secondary materials [2]. However, by now most publications report on the nanotube layer production on the laboratory scale, i.e. on Ti substrates of a few cm2.
The presentation will focus on the recent progress in the TiO2 nanotube layer synthesis. We will show and discuss a possible upscaling of the nanotube layers towards areas of dozens of cm2 [3], taking into account the control of the anodization parameters. Furthermore, we will discuss the use of bipolar electrochemistry for the preparation of TiO2 nanotube layers on small Ti objects which cannot be connected to the potentiostat [4], as well as the selective etching of anodic TiO2 nanotube layers towards single-wall nanotube layers [5] and single nanotubes [6], where nanotubes are separated from one another into tube powders.
References:
[1] J. M. Macak et al., Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci.,
2007, 1-2, 3.
[2] K. Lee et al., Chem. Rev., 2014, 114, 9385.
[3] H. Sopha et al., Electrochem. Commun.
2018, 97, 91-95.
[4] H. Sopha et al., Electrochem. Commun.
2020
, 111, 106669.

[5] M. Motola et al., Electrochem. Commun., 2018, 97, 1-5.
[6] D. Beketova et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater.
2020, 3, 1553−1563.
Tracking Thermodynamic Changes Due to Cycling and Calendar Ageing of Commercial High-Energy Li-Ion Cells: Effects of Relaxation Periods
Authors: Zulke Alana Aragon , Wojtala Malgorzata , Hoster Harry Ernst , Howey David 
Published: December 2020

There is a great need for non-invasive tools that enable improved insight into the underlying causes of battery ageing. In this project we investigate cycling and calendar ageing effects on high energy commercial cylindrical cells (NCA|Si-Gr), by tracking thermodynamic and kinetic aspects by the employment of entropy profiling, differential voltage and incremental capacity analysis (DVA/ICA), and differential thermal voltammetry (DTV). Two groups of three cells from the same batch are being subjected to different ageing scenarios, both at 45°C: group A is under calendar aging at 75 % state of charge - SoC at which we observed the most accelerated calendric aging for these cells - and group B, which is being cycled continuously at the maximum current allowed by the manufacturer. To ensure minimal temperature fluctuations during tests and allow proper comparative DTV, cells were submerged in a high conductivity dielectric fluid bath. We revised Osswald’s approach for entropy profiling [1], and also increased the number of titration steps in entropy profiling to 63, for both charge and discharge. Fig. 1 shows the results for the initial 40-day aging period, comparing ICA and entropy profiles, before and after ageing. In addition to the capacity fade of 2.2 % and 6.2 % for groups A and B respectively (Figure 1a), the loss of sharpness present in the ICA peaks is also present in the entropy curves (features A1-A4 in Fig. 1b). This can be attributed to a more heterogeneous lithium distribution and a change in lithium inventory. To track the reversibility of ageing and the time scales of passive electrode effects [2], both groups of cells will be submitted to rest periods after which entropy, DTV and ICA experiments will be periodically repeated.

References

[1] P.J. Osswald, M. Del Rosario, J. Garche, A. Jossen, H.E. Hoster, Electrochim. Acta 177 (2015) 270–276.
[2]M. Lewerenz, G. Fuchs, L. Becker, D.U. Sauer, J. Energy Storage 18 (2018) 149–159.

Figure 1
Correlating Materials Degradation Trends to Electrochemical Indicators in Systematic Long-Term Cycling of Commercial Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wittman Reed M , Fresquez Armando , Langendorf Jill , Ivanov Sergei , Taggart Gretchen , Chalamala Babu R. , Preger Yuliya 
Published: December 2020

In order to improve the operation of Li-ion batteries the long-term performance is the subject of much research. Of particular importance is understanding systematic trends in degradation through a broad range of operating conditions. Over the course of the last few years, researchers at Sandia National Labs have conducted a systematic study of battery cycling behavior. In this study, dozens of commercial NCA (LiNixCoyAl1-x-yO2) and NMC (LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2) cells were cycled to 80% capacity and end of life across a range of temperatures, discharge rates, and depth of discharge windows. Analysis of both in situ electrochemical data and postmortem materials degradation was done.
During cycling, cell resistance (IR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and differential capacity (dQ/dV) experiments were conducted periodically. The data from these experiments were used to understand the state of health (SoH) of cycling cells, including SEI formation and Li plating, as well as general mass transport and kinetic properties.
X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) scans completed before cell disassembly showed large scale deformation in the cells’ jelly rolls. For the postmortem analysis cells in pristine condition, 80% capacity, and end of life were disassembled, and their electrodes were analyzed with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Isotherms (BET). These techniques analyzed different aspects of the electrodes’ physical and chemical properties, including Li plating, micro-cracking, SEI layer formation, and phase changes in cathode materials. BET and DSC measurements also provided insight into changes in the degree to which aged electrodes undergo thermal runaway events.
Correlation of the postmortem materials analysis with the in situ electrochemical analysis gave an in-depth understanding of the origins of performance fade during cycling. The scale of this electrochemical and materials evaluation fills in gaps in the literature about battery performance and degradation beyond 80% capacity.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
(Invited) The Subsurface Structure of Abraded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy and Its Effects on Corrosion
Authors: Wang Shan-Shan , Huber Dan , Poplawsky Jon , Colijn Henk , Frankel Gerald S. 
Published: December 2020

Surface abrasion, sometimes followed by polishing, can create an altered surface layer (ASL) with thickness of a few hundreds of nanometers, which has different microstructure than the underlying bulk. Such an ASL typically contains ultrafine subgrains, and second phase particles that result from unusual phase transformations. ASLs have been shown to exhibit a different corrosion resistance than the underlying matrix, and can be either more susceptible or more resistant to corrosion. In this work, the ASL microstructure of AA7055 was studied at the early stages of natural aging right after surface abrasion using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). For the as-abraded ASL, the pre-existing η′/η precipitates and grain boundaries were deformed and aligned along the abrasion direction. However, for the abraded and 7-day natural aged bulk sample, ultrafine subgrains formed in the localized region of the ASL, and MgxZny and Al2Cu particles precipitated at the subgrain boundaries. To accelerate the precipitate kinetics of the ASL, the bulk abraded sample was heated at 50 oC for 1 h; more subgrains and Al2Cu particles formed in the whole ASL. Potentiodynamic polarization testing was performed on the abraded and aged bulk samples during immersion in NaCl solution. With increasing post-aging temperature and time, the breakdown potential of the ASL increased.
Acknowledgements: focus ion beam and TEM were conducted at Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis at The Ohio State University. APT was conducted at Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is a U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility.
Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes Under High Voltage
Authors: Qian Guannan , Li Linsen , Liu Yijin , Ma Zi-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Nickel-rich layered oxide materials LiNixCoyM1-x-yO2 (x>0.5, M=Mn or Al, NMC or NCA) have been considered as a mainstream choice for electric vehicle (EV) batteries in recent years, which have higher energy density than polyanion-type materials and can remarkably extend the mile range of EVs. In NMC/NCA, the energy density can be improved by increasing the nickel content or the cut-off voltage. Increasing the nickel content can effectively improve the energy density but lead to low thermal stability. Increasing the cut-off voltage to improve the energy density may result in poor structure stability, such as cation mixing on surface and intergranular cracks in bulk.
Here we synthesized the Zirconium coating single-crystalline LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (ZNMC622) by molten salts method to achieving both high energy density and high thermal stability. ZNMC622 can deliver over 190 mAh g-1 at 4.5 V, which is close to the specific discharging capacity (~195 mAh g-1) of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 at 4.3 V. The cycling tests show that ZNMC (4.5 V) has much higher capacity retention and retained 80% of initial capacity after 600 cycles than the capacity retention of NMC811 (4.3 V). It can be concluded that Zirconium coating can improve the particle surface stability at 4.5 V and single-crystalline structure can eliminate the intergranular cracks in bulk. Meanwhile, lower nickel content of ZNMC has better thermal stability, even at 4.5 V, the exothermic peak temperature and generated heat of ZNMC is obviously smaller than the counterpart of NMC811 (4.3 V). In conclusion, ZNMC is a promising cathode material with both high energy density and safety, especially suitable for EV batteries.