bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Pilates on the Intensity of Pain in the Spine of Women of the First Mature age
Authors: Kashuba Vitalii , Tomilina Yuliia , Byshevets Nataliia , Khrypko Inna , Stepanenko Olha , Grygus Igor , Smoleńska Olga , Savliuk Svitlana 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the study is to determine the dynamics of pain intensity in different parts of the spine in women of the first mature age under the influence of pilates.
Materials and methods. 64 women took part in research. The women were divided into two groups, each of which included 32 people. The study was carried out at the Sokol sports club and the Olimp fitness club in Kiev. We used the questionnaire “Visual analogue scale of pain”.
Results. We measured the level of pain in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine of women of the first mature age. It was found that only 4.69 % of women do not have pain. It was found that women of the first mature age the most often feel painin the cervical region. The women of the control group were engaged in a typical Pilates program. The women of the experimental group were engaged in the author’s program, a feature of which was the use of large equipment during classes. In addition, women who could not attend classes were offered the Pilates computer program. For the experiment, no statistically significant difference between the level of pain in different parts of the spine of women was established. After the experiment, a statistically significant decrease in the level of pain in the lumbar section of women in the experimental group was recorded compared with women in the control group.
Conclusions. The results indicate the effectiveness of large equipment to reduce the level of pain in the back of a woman.
An Analysis of Institutional Credit Pattern of Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad Kamrul 
Published: March 2020

This is an analytical paper. The aim of this paper is to find out which patterns of credit are frequently used by the women entrepreneurs. The result of this pepper will help the policy makers of financial institutions to decorate their schemes, especially for the women entrepreneurs. The researcher has used simple percentage analysis and graph to present the information with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007. The major findings of this paper are most of the women entrepreneurs are pleased to use institutional credit and they prefer private bank to get their credit. Most of them prefer to withdraw three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand taka as credit, interest rare nine percent to eleven percent, credit period two years to five years, installment monthly and the preferable monthly amount is five thousand to ten thousand taka.
Minimum Wage in Readymade Garments Industry in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Ashraful 
Published: March 2020

Manufacturing Ready-Made Garment (RMG) is labour intensive and low wage based industry. Nowhere, this industry was static or permanent basically on account of wage. As soon as any country became developed, the apparel and textile industry left that country. RMG is highly focused on the relocation of production. The relocation take place from high wage regions to low cost production regions just like water flows down-stream always. This single sector is dominating Bangladesh economy Since ‘80s. In Bangladesh different sectors have different wage levels according to the nature of job. The Minimum Wages Board recommended or re-recommended minimum wages of the 42 industrial sectors. The minimum wage of this very sector is lower than other sectors within the country and among the RMG manufacturing countries as well. On the contrary, within the country, for the same sector – RMG, there are dissimilarity in the minimum wage. Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) declares the same for the industries inside Export Processing Zones (EPZ) which is higher than the declaration by Minimum Wage Board for outside EPZ factories. Minimum wage board has classified the non-EPZ workforces into seven grades according to their skills with seven different wage levels. Contrary, EPZs workers are divided into five categories. BEPZA has fixed higher wages and benefits compere to non-EPZ factories. Moreover, the study finds that the grading system has many loopholes which is not based on well thought and planned. There are so many posts and positions required to run an RMG factory that are not mentioned in the gazette. There is no guideline on how to measure workers’ competency for a particular grade and for how long a worker will be retained in the same grade. These loopholes are helping the employers to manipulate in determining workers’ grade. Minimum wage structure is applicable for whose positions mentioned in the gazette and entitled to all types of benefits mentioned in the law including overtime (OT) payment at double rate of wage. To avoid extra overtime payment factory management promotes or changes the designations like executive, supervisor etc. who are getting comparatively higher wage to keep them away from OT benefits. All those anomalies need to be addressed for properly.
Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ocular infections at Regional Ophthalmic Institute in India
Authors: Nuzhat Qudsia , Bandyopadhyay Arkapal , Chaurasia Rakesh Chandra , Singh Satya P. , Singh Monica 
Published: March 2020

Background: Ocular infections are a result of alteration in the normal microbial flora of eye. They are not only responsible for increase in morbidity varying from self-limiting trivial infection to sight threatening infection but also blindness.Methods: Patients with ocular infections were recruited at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Bacterial profile in ocular infections and susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics were analyzed amongst these patients. The isolated organism was then identified by colony morphology, gram stain and biochemical test following which in vitro susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted clinically.Results: Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Streptococcus were most common etiological agents of ocular infections in the present study. It was observed that bacterial isolates were highly (in 100% of cases) susceptible to vancomycin and chloramphenicol among gram positive organisms. Gram negative organisms showed higher susceptibility to moxifloxacin, tobramycin and gentamycin. Pseudomonas was seen to have sensitivity towards ceftazidime and cefazolin.Conclusions: The present study gives an insight into use of ocular antimicrobials in northern India. These findings illustrate the need for constant bacterial surveillance before starting empirical treatment.
Determinant factors of maternal near miss in selected health facilities of Berak Woreda, Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulrazaq Bilal , Getahun Mulusew , Mohammed Ahmed , Kedir Shemsu , Nurahmed Negash , Abrha Yemane , Mohammed Awad , Kura Zerihun 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Maternal near miss is one of the related concepts to maternal mortality where women survive merely by chance, luck, or by good hospital care. The present study was aimed to fill the prevailing knowledge gap on maternal near miss ratio and events and identify factors associated with near miss in selected health facilities of berak woreda. To determine associated factors of maternal near miss in selected health facilities of Berak woreda, Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Institutional based case control study was conducted in selected health facilities of barek woreda to asses determinant factors of maternal near miss among delivered women. Data of 1272 (344 cases and 928 controls) women were included in the analysis registered from 11 September 2014 to 30 March 2018. Cases were women due to severe acute maternal morbidity while controls were women for normal labor. Simple random sampling technique was used in the delivery unit. The data were collected using WHO standard tool. Data were entered using epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSSV.20 for data analysis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of cases were due to obstructed labor 270 (78.8%) followed by hemorrhage 33 (9.6%), preeclampsia 29 (8.14%), abortion 6 (1.74%), anemia 3 (0.87%), congenital heart disease 2 (0.58%) and gestational infection 1 (0.29%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Independent variables residence, duration of labor, ANC utilization, past obstetrics complication and number of live births were statistically significant with the outcome variable near miss. Maternal health policy needs to be concerned preventing major cause of near miss.</p><strong id="tinymce" class="mceContentBody " dir="ltr"><em></em></strong>
Pattern and treatment of Parkinson’s disease at different health care levels in Bangladesh: a hospital based survey
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Hossain M. Lokman , Parvin M. Nazma 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a condition in which part of the brain becomes progressively damaged over many years. This study represents the pattern of Parkinson’s disease and help to identify various drugs which are being used at different health care levels in Bangladesh.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Cross-sectional technique was applied as study design in this research work. We accessed the patients with formulated questionnaire of the Department of Neuroscience of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for data collection from January 2017 to August 2019. 100 patients were selected in the ages between 25-80 years, among them 66 were male and 34 females. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total number of 100 Parkinson’s disease patients (male 66%, female 34%) were recruited for this study. Genetic factor (56%) is the main cause of PD found in this study. Among various symptoms, the prominent symptoms were voice disorders (96%), slowness of movement (90%), mask-like face expression (86%), tremor (80%), sensory and sleep difficulties (78%), excessive sweating (60%) and insomnia (56%). It was observed that along with physiotherapy, drugs used to manage PD were levodopa (14%), carbamazepine (12%), quetiapine (12%), haloperidol (11%), pramipexole (10%), trihexyphenidyl HCl (10%), carbidopa (8%), amlodipine (8%) and clonazepam (8%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Disgrace exists in the personal life and social context of the PD patients which also unfavourably affects their psychosocial aspects of life. Our population-based data provide evidence for a protective effect of Parkinson’s disease in our country.</p>
Post-injection thrombophlebitis in patients undergoing peripheral IV catheterization in a tertiary care hospital: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Rai Pranjal , Thati Vinaykumar , Ghag Geeta , Nandu Vipul 
Published: March 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Intravenous catheters cause endothelial damage and trauma, which can predispose to venous thrombosis. Peripheral vein infusion thrombophlebitis occurs in 25- 35% of hospitalized patients with intravenous catheters and has both patient-related implications (e.g., sepsis) and economic consequences (e.g., extra nursing time). This study is designed to address this issue, by assessing the potential risk factors in those who have developed phlebitis, and deriving conclusions based on the same.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 830 patients were observed over a period of 2 months. All details of the patient were collected. Thrombophlebitis was graded using Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score. Each case was compared with a matching control. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 53 of 830 patients observed, developed thrombophlebitis giving an incidence of 6.4%. 92.5% had IV cannulation flushed after insertion. IV cannula had to be changed at least 2 times during the hospital stay. All had an average IV cannulation for 5 days. All had insertion of same size cannula (20G). Level 1 Phlebitis was identified in 64.15% patients, level 2 Phlebitis in 33.96% patients and Level 3 Phlebitis was seen 1.88% patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Significant association was noted between the number of times the catheter was changed since admission and administration of Potassium chloride and Certain Medications such as Piperacillin through the cannula.</p>
Waterflood Relative Permeabilities in Composite Cores
Authors: Huppler J. D. 
Published: March 2020

JPT Forum
When cores longer than about 3 in. are desired for waterflood testing, it is common to assemble a composite core from a set of short core pieces. Long composite cores reduce the importance of capillary effects such that lower flooding rates can be used. Composite cores are also useful where end effects would invalidate results from tests on individual short cores. The assumptions made in using such a composite core for waterflood testing are that all the core sections:
have nearly identical relative permeability curves, are homogeneous and isotropic, and have nearly identical connate water and residual oil values.
It is further assumed that there is good contact between sections and that the flooding rate is high enough to make capillary pressure effects unimportant in all core sections.
When these assumptions are met, we can make several assertions based on analysis of the one-dimensional, two-phase flow equations. The water-saturation distributions throughout a flood are the same in a composite core as in a single homogeneous core having the average properties of the composite, no matter what ordering of core sections is used in the composite. Production histories are also the same for any ordering of core segments. Thus experimental waterflood relative permeability ratios may be quite accurate for any ordering.
The individual-phase relative permeability curves calculated from composite waterflood data may be in error.
Specialists Share Knowledge of Sand-Control Methods
Authors: JPT staff _ 
Published: March 2020

Five leading authorities on sand-control methods discuss specific technology applications and practices.
Sand-control solutions create a variety of questions and challenges. In this question-and- answer session, a panel of five experts on the subject of sand control tackle some of the most frequently posed problems, including how to choose a sand-control method, important perforating methods and initial steps, comparing openhole completions with cased and perforated completions, causes of skin damage and how to reduce or eliminate them, challenges of horizontal sand-control completions and specific procedures, and the best way to judge the performance of a sand-control method.
Mitch Cornette, SPE, with Sonat Exploration Co. in Houston, has been heavily involved with completions and sand control for 17 years. He has 19 patents in the area of sand control and production operations and is currently chairman of the Completion Engineering Assn.
Derrel G. Gurley, SPE, is a petroleum engineer with more than 25 years' experience in completing wells that produce sand. He was a 1990-91 SPE Distinguished Lecturer and spoke on "Sand Control-A State-of-the-Art Review," addressing gravel-pack carrier fluids, slurries, prepacking techniques, downhole equipment, numerical model studies, matched density pack particles, and horizontal and extended-reach gravel-pack techniques.
Since joining Amoco Production Research Co. in 1971, George King, SPE, has been involved in research into acidizing, damage removal, water control, sand control, horizontal well completions, all phases of chemical well stimulations, mechanical workovers, and perforating. He has completed basic research on unstable chalk and sandstone formations, foam stimulation fluids, and asphaltene sludges, and provides technical assistance as one of Amoco's specialists in several areas of stimulation and well completion.
Jackie McLarty, SPE, is a technical specialist with Halliburton Energy Services. She has a BS degree in chemical engineering from Mississippi State U. and has been involved in sand-control R&D and technical services for 11 years.
Jean Weingarten, SPE, is a staff engineer with Arco Alaska Inc. in Anchorage. She previously worked for Arco E&P Technology in Plano, TX, where she conducted laboratory work and analysis to develop and apply methods for predicting sand production.
A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Khazaee-Pool Maryam , Babazadeh Towhid , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Ponnet Koen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data.
Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis.
Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.
Team-based learning versus traditional didactic lectures in teaching clinical biochemistry; learning outcomes and student satisfaction: a case control study at King Abdul Aziz University
Authors: Alamoudi Aliaa A. , Alsawwa Lana Adey , Gad Hoda , Tekian Ara 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Team-Based Learning (TBL) which encourages students to become active rather than passive learners has gained world-wide popularity in medical education due to its proven positive effect on more than one aspect of the educational process. At King Abdulaziz University (KAU), clinical biochemistry is still taught in the form of didactic lectures, and while there is a need for introducing active learning, student learning response from TBL has not been explored. Methods: In our case-control study, we compared learning outcomes and student satisfaction in a clinical biochemistry course taught either via TBL to second year Clinical Nutrition students (n= 33) or via traditional lectures to same year Nursing students (n=70). The same summative post-course exam was given to both student groups to assess impact on learning. Focus group discussion and a self-administered questionnaire were used to gain insight into Clinical Nutrition students’ level of satisfaction with TBL. Results: In the post-course exam results of recall and reasoning questions, Nursing students scored an average of 38%±2.4 in the recall questions while Clinical Nutrition students scored higher with an average of 74.5%±4.3 (p<0.0001). In reasoning questions, Nursing students scored lower than Clinical Nutrition students, 23%±2.7 versus 40%±4.2 respectively (p<0.001). In comparing results of pre- and post-test recall questions within each group, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-results for Nursing students while Clinical Nutrition students showed a significant increase in post- versus pre-test results of 71% versus 41% (p<0.0001). In the final summative post-course exam, Nursing students scored an average of 60% ±2.4 while Clinical Nutrition students scored significantly higher with an average of 78%±2.4 (p<0.001). Qualitative studies revealed that accountability and team-work were positive aspects perceived by students regarding TBL and 84% of surveyed students enjoyed the experience while self-study was their main challenge. Conclusion: TBL proved to be a successful, learner-centered approach for Clinical Nutrition students at KAU in their clinical biochemistry course resulting in improved learning outcomes and higher student satisfaction when compared with traditional didactic methods of teaching.
Exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus type 2 (exJSRV2) related to ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Romania: prevalence, anatomical forms, pathological description, immunophenotyping and virus identification
Authors: Toma Corina , Bâlteanu Valentin , Tripon Septiumiu , Trifa Adrian , Rema Alexandra , Amorim Irina , Pop Raluca Maria , Popa Roxana , Catoi Cornel , Taulescu Marian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a neoplastic disease caused by exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (exJSRV). The prevalence of JSRV-related OPA in Eastern European countries, including Romania is unknown. We aimed to investigate: the prevalence and morphological features of OPA (classical and atypical forms) in Romania, the immunophenotype of the pulmonary tumors and their relationships with exJSRV infection.
Methods. Lung tumors from 34 slaughtered adult ewes were grossly evaluated. Cytology, histology, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and DNA testing were subsequently performed.
Results. Out of 2693 examined sheep, 34 had OPA (1.26% prevalence). The diaphragmatic lobes were the most affected. Grossly, the classical OPA was identified in 88.24% of investigated cases and the atypical OPA in 11.76% that included solitary myxomatous nodules. Histopathology results confirmed the presence of OPA in all suspected cases, which were classified into acinar and papillary types. Myxoid growths (MGs) were diagnosed in 6 classical OPA cases and in 2 cases of atypical form. Lung adenocarcinoma was positive for MCK and TTF-1, and MGs showed immunoreaction for Vimentin, Desmin and SMA; Ki67 expression of classical OPA was higher than atypical OPA and MGs. JSRV-MA was identified by IHC (94.11%) in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells of OPA. ICC and TEM also confirmed the JSRV within the neoplastic cells. ExJSRV was identified by PCR in 97.05% of analyzed samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the exJSRV type 2 in Romanian sheep affected by lung cancer and showed a high similarity with the UK strain (AF105220.1).
Conclusions. In this study, we confirmed for the first time in Romania the presence of exJSRV in naturally occurring OPA in sheep. Additionally, we described the first report of atypical OPA in Romania, and to the best of our knowledge, in Eastern Europe. Finally, we showed that MGs have a myofibroblastic origin.