bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using isotopes to incorporate tree water storage and mixing dynamics into a distributed ecohydrologic modelling framework
Authors: Knighton James , Kuppel Sylvain , Smith Aaron , Soulsby Chris , Sprenger Matthias , Tetzlaff Doerthe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRoot water uptake (RWU) by vegetation influences the partitioning of water between transpiration, evaporation, percolation, and surface runoff. Measurements of stable isotopes in water have facilitated estimates of the depth distribution of RWU for various tree species through methodologies based on end member mixing analysis (EMMA). EMMA often assumes that the isotopic composition of tree‐stored xylem water (δXYLEM) is representative of the isotopic composition of RWU (δRWU). We tested this assumption within the framework of EcH2O‐iso, a process‐based distributed tracer‐aided ecohydrologic model, applied to a small temperate catchment with a vegetation cover of coniferous eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and deciduous American beech (Fagus grandifolia). We simulated three scenarios for tree water storage and mixing: (a) zero storage (ZS), (b) storage with a well‐mixed reservoir (WM), and (c) storage with piston flow (PF). Simulating tree storage (WM and PF) improved the fit to δXYLEMobservations over ZS in the summer and fall seasons and substantially altered calibrated RWU depths and stomatal conductance. Our results suggest that there are likely to be advantages to considering tree storage and internal mixing when attempting to interpret δXYLEMin the estimation of RWU depths and critical zone water residence times, particularly during periods of low transpiration. Improved representations of tree water dynamics could yield more accurate ecohydrologic and earth system model representations of the critical zone.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ENVISAGED CLIMATE CHANGES IN LIGHT OF THE ICID VISION 2030
Authors: Watanabe Tsugihiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate change brings about changes of precipitation pattern, and consequently management of flood and drought risk and water resources becomes an urgent subject. Changes in local hydrological regimes affect the available water resources, which require modification of agricultural water management (AWM). These changes inevitably influence food production, poverty conditions and social stability. On the other hand, to mitigate climate change, the energy used for water use should be reduced.With this context, AWM is drawn into the climate change issue. The International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) released its Vision 2030, for better and wiser AWM aimed at a society free of poverty and hunger.In this paper, the challenges of climate change issues for the ICID community are reviewed as the current subjects of AWM in the light of ICID Vision 2030 and the Action Plan for it. In its processes, the complexity of the climate change issue and the uncertainty of impact assessment and future projection are confirmed. Even with these constraints, immediate actions are needed, and with increasing available information, society should formulate a system for the co‐design or co‐production of stakeholders at different levels against the changing climate. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of TiC particles on the oxidation behavior of 2Cr13 stainless steel in a simulated marine environment at 550°C
Authors: Xu Yang , Wu Qianlin , Zheng Haitian , Huang Liangjun , Zhong Ning , Fan Chunhua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the oxidation behavior of 2Cr13 stainless steels with/without TiC particles was investigated in a simulated marine environment at 550°C. The results showed that TiC particles greatly accelerated the oxidation rate of 2Cr13 steel during the cyclic oxidation reaction. At the same time, the effect of acceleration was alleviated by the small size and uniform distribution of TiC particles. As galvanic corrosion in the vicinity of TiC particles occurred in 3.5% NaCl solution spray, more NaCl particles deposited on the alloy surface, especially in the area around TiC particles. At 550°C, some shell‐like oxidation products were generated on the 2Cr13 steel surface due to TiC addition, and then the porous oxidation products provided poor protective ability. Besides, the defect and stress in the oxide scale was reduced due to the small size and uniform distribution of TiC particles in 2Cr13 steel.
Formability studies on plasma arc welded duplex stainless steel 2205 sheet
Authors: Pramod R. , Mohan Kumar S. , Shanmugam N. Siva , Vendan S. Arungalai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSheet metal forming is cost‐effective manufacturing process and hold a significant key position in fabrication works. Welding being a popular technique the industries primarily prefer for joining of sheet metal formed parts. The inherent material properties changes at the weld metal and heat affected zone post welding process, hence the impact and changes on mechanical strength aspects need to be studied. The current study focuses on influence of plasma arc welding on formability of 1.6 mm thick duplex stainless steel 2205 sheet using Erichsen cupping test by gauging the height of the cup formed. The performed tests such as uniaxial tensile, microhardness showed better mechanical properties and decrease in formability noted from Erichsen cupping test for weld metal compared to base metal. Finite element analysis of Erichsen cupping test is conducted using ABAQUS software and results are matched with experimental outcomes for validation. The comparison shows that a deviation of less than 5 % is noticed between actual and predicted formability index values. Microstructure examination reveals that, equiaxed grains at the weld center and columnar grains at sides typically formed in the weld metal region. The decrease in formability of weld blank compared to base blank is attributed to an increase in ferrite content. This is supported by amount of ferrite content measured in weld metal is 55 % and base metal is 52 %. The scanning electron micrographs (base and weld blank) reveal the mode of failure is ductile.
Comparison of PGSE and STEAM DTI acquisitions with varying diffusion times for probing anisotropic structures in human kidneys
Authors: Stabinska Julia , Ljimani Alexandra , Frenken Miriam , Feiweier Thorsten , Lanzman Rotem Shlomo , Wittsack Hans‐Jörg 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the sensitivity of stimulated‐echo acquisition mode (STEAM) and pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo (PGSE) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisitions with different diffusion times for measuring renal tissue anisotropy.MethodsTwelve healthy volunteers underwent an MRI examination at a 3T scanner including STEAM and PGSE DTI with variable diffusion times Δ (20.3, 37 and 125 ms). Three volunteers were scanned twice to test the reproducibility for repeated examinations. Diffusion parameters fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the automatically segmented cortical and medullary regions of interests in both kidneys were calculated and averaged over all subjects for further analysis. Moreover, 5‐grade qualitative evaluation of the FA and ADC maps from each sequence was conducted by two experienced radiologists in a consensus.ResultsThe cortex‐medulla difference in the STEAM sequence was significantly higher than that in PGSE with short ∆ = 20.3 ms (P < 0.001) and in PGSE with intermediate ∆ = 37 ms (P < 0.05) diffusion times. Reproducibility of the FA/ADC measurements was very good and comparable for all acquisition modes investigated. For the FA maps, the PGSE sequence with intermediate diffusion time scored highest in the subjective visual assessment of radiologists.ConclusionThe delineation of anisotropy in renal tissue is depending on the used diffusion time of the DTI sequence. A PGSE acquisition at a diffusion time of about 37 ms provides reproducible results with optimal corticomedullary contrast in FA and ADC maps and good image quality.
A walk on the wild side: How interactions with non‐companion animals might help reduce human stress
Authors: Sumner Rachel C. , Goodenough Anne E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The literature addressing the potential for nature and natural environments to reduce stress and improve health outcomes has a relative paucity of work regarding interactions with animals, particularly those that are not domestic pets.

The present observational study sought to understand whether a brief encounter with non‐domestic animals might reduce stress and improve well‐being of participants, and whether participants' nature relatedness, and their appraisals of the interaction might influence these changes.

Participants (N = 86, mean age = 20.8 years, 81.8% women) took part in a brief wildlife encounter at a UK safari park, walking for approximately 11 min around an enclosure with free‐roaming lemurs. Heart rate, cortisol and measures of mood were taken before and after the encounter to understand whether this activity could reduce biological levels of stress and improve psychological well‐being.

There was no decrease in participants’ heart rate after their encounter but there was a statistically significant decrease in salivary cortisol. Measures of mood significantly improved immediately after the encounter. Reductions in cortisol were associated with dimensions of an individual's nature relatedness, as well as aspects of the animal encounter (number of lemurs and lemur proximity).

The findings contribute to parallel literature on nature–health relationships, with the addition of factors seemingly driving the interaction (individuals' nature relatedness, and the number and proximity of the animals) providing important contributory information. The present study provides new information on how encounters with nature, particularly those involving animals, may be beneficial for health and well‐being. Critically, this study was carried out in a setting where potential impact of visitors on animals is negligible, thereby demonstrating the potential for creating environments where both human and animal well‐being are maximised.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A transgenic mouse expressing miR‐210 in proximal tubule cells shows mitochondrial alteration: possible association of miR‐210 with a shift in energy metabolism
Authors: Nakada Chisato , Hijiya Naoki , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Yano Shinji , Kai Tomoki , Uchida Tomohisa , Kimoto Mami , Takahashi Mika , Daa Tsutomu , Matsuura Keiko , Shin Toshitaka , Mimata Hiromitsu , Moriyama Masatsugu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreviously we reported that the microRNA miR‐210 is aberrantly upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) via deregulation of the VHL–HIF pathway. In the present study, to investigate the biological impact of miR‐210 in ccRCC tumorigenesis, we developed a transgenic mouse line expressing miR‐210 in proximal tubule cells under control of the mouse SGLT2/Slc5a2 promoter. Light microscopy revealed desquamation of the tubule cells and regeneration of the proximal tubule, suggesting that miR‐210 expression led to damage of the proximal tubule cells. Electron microscopy revealed alterations to the mitochondria in proximal tubule cells, with marked reduction of the mitochondrial inner membrane, which is the main site of ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). An additional in vitro study revealed that this loss of the inner membrane was associated with downregulation of Iscu and Ndufa4, the target genes of miR‐210, suggesting that the miR‐210–ISCU/NDUFA4 axis may affect mitochondrial energy metabolism. Furthermore, metabolome analysis revealed activation of anaerobic glycolysis in miR‐210‐transfected cells, and consistent with this the secretion of lactate, the final metabolite of anaerobic glycolysis, was significantly increased. Lactate concentration was higher in the kidney cortex of transgenic mice relative to wild‐type mice, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.070). On the basis of these findings, we propose that miR‐210 may induce a shift of energy metabolism from OxPhos to glycolysis by acting on the mitochondrial inner membrane. In addition to activation of glycolysis, we observed activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and an increase in the total amount of amino acids in miR‐210‐transfected cells. This may help cells synthesize nucleotides and proteins for building new cells. These results suggest that miR‐210 may be involved in the metabolic changes in the early stage of ccRCC development, helping the cancer cells to acquire growth and survival advantages. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making heads or tails – the emergence of capicua (CIC) as an important multifunctional tumour suppressor
Authors: Wong Derek , Yip Stephen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCapicua, encoded by the gene CIC, is an evolutionarily conserved high‐mobility group‐box transcription factor downstream of the receptor tyrosine kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. It was initially discovered and studied in Drosophila. Recurrent mutations in CIC were first identified in oligodendroglioma, a subtype of low‐grade glioma. Subsequent studies have identified CIC aberrations in multiple types of cancer and have established CIC as a potent tumour suppressor involved in regulating pathways related to cell growth and proliferation, invasion and treatment resistance. The most well‐known and studied targets of mammalian CIC are the oncogenic E‐Twenty Six transcription factors ETV1/4/5, which have been found to be elevated in cancers with CIC aberrations. Here, we review the role of CIC in normal mammalian development, oncogenesis and tumour progression, and the functional interactors that mediate them. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic compressive deformation behavior of polymer matrix composites: Experiments and constitutive modeling
Authors: Ban Ge , Jia Jingjing , Liang Yingbing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents integrated experiments and constitutive modeling of cyclic compressive deformation and Poisson behavior of unidirectional (UD) fiber‐reinforced polymer matrix composites (PMCs). Consecutive loading‐unloading tests with a gradually increasing peak stress are performed for five cycles and on UD laminates with different fiber orientations. Nonlinear accumulation of plastic strain with the peak stress is observed both in the axial and lateral directions for all fiber orientations and described by a nonassociative plasticity model. This model enables the collapsing of axial and lateral stress‐plastic strain curves from different fiber orientations into a single master curve in the effective stress‐effective plastic strain plane and allows accurate predictions of compressive plastic Poisson's ratio. Nonlinear unloading behavior appears in the cycles and is attributed to the recovery of nonlinear elastic strain. A linear relationship between plastic strain and nonlinear elastic strain is assumed regardless of the axial and lateral directions. By incorporating this linear dependence into the nonassociative plasticity model, the cyclic evolution of nonlinear elastic strain is simulated. Experimental results of UD laminates with different fiber orientations are used to validate the accuracy of the model in the cyclic compressive nonlinear response and Poisson effect of PMCs.
Therapeutic psychological and biological responses to mindfulness‐based art therapy
Authors: Beerse Megan E. , Van Lith Theresa , Stanwood Gregg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStress and anxiety pose a threat to college students' academic performance as well as their long‐term mental and physical health, but the time constraints of a rigorous academic schedule make it difficult to offer even brief mental health interventions. A convenience sample of full‐time students at a public university was recruited for a 5‐week study conducted mostly using an online platform. Participants were randomly assigned to a Mindfulness‐Based Art Therapy (MBAT) intervention or a Neutral Clay Task (NCT). Anxiety, perceived stress, and salivary cortisol outcomes were measured. A total of n = 77 participants completed the study. The MBAT group experienced significant reductions in anxiety and perceived stress compared to the NCT group. Significant reductions in salivary cortisol were observed, but only time could be identified as a confounding variable. Art making alone is not enough to induce significant positive responses, but this study suggests MBAT can, and that an online intervention could offer feasible and accessible mental health services on college campuses. Further refinement of biological data collection and analysis is needed to determine what the mediating effects MBAT could have, if any, at the molecular level.
Using Molecular Fine Structure to Identify Optimal Methods of Extracting Starch
Authors: Zhao Yingting , Tan Xiaoyan , Wu Gaosheng , Gilbert Robert G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObtaining relations between starch genetics/environment, its molecular structure, and its properties requires that the extraction of starch does not extract more small than large molecules and does minimal damage to molecular structure. There is no single study examining a range of techniques with more than one starch type and with clearly defined criteria for optimal extraction. Here two very different substrates are considered: rice and chickpeas. Eight different techniques are used, and the criteria for optimal extraction are that there should be the greatest number of longer chains (quantified by the average size of the debranched starch) and of larger molecules (quantified by the average size of the whole—undebranched—molecules), these being the most susceptible to degradation and loss during extraction. Size‐exclusion chromatography is used to obtain the requisite structural data. The optimal method of extraction from rice is found by using 0.45% sodium metabisulfite at 4 °C for 0.5 h with protease addition, while that for chickpea starch extraction is by using 0.45% sodium bisulfite for 6 h and washing the starch repeatedly with water. The methodology for determining optimal methods can be readily used for other starch sources.
Prevalence of HPV and pathological changes among women 70 years of age, 10 years after exclusion from the Swedish cervical cancer screening program
Authors: Bergengren Lovisa , Karlsson Mats G. , Helenius Gisela 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Örebro County introduced an updated screening program 2016 with primary HPV test for women over 30 years and prolonged screening, increasing the cut-off age from 56–60 to 64–70. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV genotypes and their correlation to histological changes in women, 10 years after exclusion from the screening program, due to an eventual implementation of a catch-up program including all women aged 60–70.

Methods
All women in Örebro County, born 1,946 (n = 1,968), were invited to a liquid-based cell sample with primary HPV screening. Samples were analyzed for hrHPV mRNA and positive samples were genotyped. hrHPV positive women were offered to do a conization.

Results
Out of 809 participants, 31 (3.8%) were hrHPV positive, of these 22 did a conization. Histologically, 5/22 (23%) had LSIL and 5/22 (23%) had HSIL. Normal histology was found in 12/22 (55%). The most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16, 33, 52, 56, and 68. Of the women with HSIL, one case of cervical cancer was confirmed in a recone biopsy after 4 months.

Conclusion
The study showed considerable prevalence of hrHPV and histologically confirmed LSIL/HSIL. These data led to catch-up screening for women between 60 and 70 years when overlapping two screening strategies.
Making and breaking alliances: on valuation in hegemonic projects
Authors: Bodirsky Katharina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn public discourse, the polarizations that accompany the success of authoritarian populisms in recent years are often portrayed as the result of “culture wars” rooted in incompatible values. This article approaches the relation between values and politics differently. It examines the role that state and capitalist modes of valuation play for the alliance-formation underpinning hegemonic projects. The argument is illustrated with the case of Turkey where processes of devaluation and dispossession were manifold in the past years. Polarization here expresses not so much unitary political identities of opposed values than a specific, polarizing dynamic of alliance-formation in authoritarian populism. The orchestration of state and capitalist modes of valuation on the one hand allows for the formation of alliances with both dominant and subordinate social groups and on the other hand also entails contradictions that might constitute a source of fragility for the continuity of the project.
Novel Hemizygous IL2RG p.(Pro58Ser) Mutation Impairs IL-2 Receptor Complex Expression on Lymphocytes Causing X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency
Authors: Tuovinen Elina A. , Grönholm Juha , Öhman Tiina , Pöysti Sakari , Toivonen Raine , Kreutzman Anna , Heiskanen Kaarina , Trotta Luca , Toiviainen-Salo Sanna , Routes John M. , Verbsky James , Mustjoki Satu , Saarela Janna , Kere Juha , Varjosalo Markku , Hänninen Arno , Seppänen Mikko R. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHypomorphic IL2RG mutations may lead to milder phenotypes than X-SCID, named variably as atypical X-SCID or X-CID. We report an 11-year-old boy with a novel c. 172C>T;p.(Pro58Ser) mutation in IL2RG, presenting with atypical X-SCID phenotype. We also review the growing number of hypomorphic IL2RG mutations causing atypical X-SCID. We studied the patient’s clinical phenotype, B, T, NK, and dendritic cell phenotypes, IL2RG and CD25 cell surface expression, and IL-2 target gene expression, STAT tyrosine phosphorylation, PBMC proliferation, and blast formation in response to IL-2 stimulation, as well as protein-protein interactions of the mutated IL2RG by BioID proximity labeling. The patient suffered from recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections, bronchiectasis, and reactive arthritis. His total lymphocyte counts have remained normal despite skewed T and B cells subpopulations, with very low numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Surface expression of IL2RG was reduced on his lymphocytes. This led to impaired STAT tyrosine phosphorylation in response to IL-2 and IL-21, reduced expression of IL-2 target genes in patient CD4+ T cells, and reduced cell proliferation in response to IL-2 stimulation. BioID proximity labeling showed aberrant interactions between mutated IL2RG and ER/Golgi proteins causing mislocalization of the mutated IL2RG to the ER/Golgi interface. In conclusion, IL2RG p.(Pro58Ser) causes X-CID. Failure of IL2RG plasma membrane targeting may lead to atypical X-SCID. We further identified another carrier of this mutation from newborn SCID screening, lost to closer scrutiny.