bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of small dense low‐density lipoprotein concentration for predicting the risk of acute coronary syndrome in Chinese population
Authors: Wu Bin , Yu Zhiwu , Tong Tong , Tong Xinxin , Yang Yinmei , Tang Yongcai , Ren Huiming , Liao Yike , Liao Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death in developing and developed countries, yet assessing the risk of its development remains challenging. Several lines of evidence indicate that small, dense low‐density lipoproteins (sd‐LDL) are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. We aim to evaluate sd‐LDL concentration for predicting the risk of ACS in Chinese population.MethodsBaseline characteristics of 121 patients with ACS and 172 healthy controls were obtained. Plasma sd‐LDL‐C was measured using homogeneous assay, and the proportion of sd‐LDL‐C in LDL‐C was detected.ResultsThere was gender and age effect on the sd‐LDL‐C concentration and sd‐LDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio among healthy subjects. Elevated sd‐LDL‐C concentrations and sd‐LDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio were observed in ACS patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non–ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) compared with healthy controls (P < .05); however, there were no differences among ACS groups. According to Pearson's correlation coefficient analyses, sd‐LDL‐C concentration and sd‐LDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio were positively correlated with triglyceride (TG) and LDL‐C concentrations (P < .05) and negatively correlated with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (P < .05). Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the cutoff values of sd‐LDL‐C and sd‐LDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio for the prediction of ACS were 1.06 mmol/L and 34.55%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the sd‐LDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio, but not sd‐LDL‐C concentration, was significantly associated with ACS events [OR (95% CI): 1.24, 1.11‐1.38, P < .001].ConclusionsThe sd‐LDL‐C/LDL‐C ratio may be associated with an increased risk of developing ACS in Chinese population.
An update on potentials and promises of T cell co‐signaling molecules in transplantation
Authors: Mardomi Alireza , Mohammadi Nabiallah , Khosroshahi Hamid Tayebi , Abediankenari Saeid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe promising outcomes of immune‐checkpoint based immunotherapies in cancer have provided a proportional perspective ahead of exploiting similar approaches in allotransplantation. Belatacept (CTLA‐4‐Ig) is an example of costimulation blockers successfully exploited in renal transplantation. Due to the wide range of regulatory molecules characterized in the past decades, some of these molecules might be candidates as immunomodulators in the case of tolerance induction in transplantation. Although there are numerous attempts on the apprehension of the effects of co‐signaling molecules on immune response, the necessity for a better understanding is evident. By increasing the knowledge on the biology of co‐signaling pathways, some pitfalls are recognized and improved approaches are proposed. The blockage of CD80/CD28 axis is an instance of evolution toward more efficacy. It is now evident that anti‐CD28 antibodies are more effective than CD80 blockers in animal models of transplantation. Other co‐signaling axes such as PD‐1/PD‐L1, CD40/CD154, 2B4/CD48, and others discussed in the present review are examples of critical immunomodulatory molecules in allogeneic transplantation. We review here the outcomes of recent experiences with co‐signaling molecules in preclinical studies of solid organ transplantation.
mTORC1 signalling is not essential for the maintenance of muscle mass and function in adult sedentary mice
Authors: Ham Alexander S. , Chojnowska Kathrin , Tintignac Lionel A. , Lin Shuo , Schmidt Alexander , Ham Daniel J. , Sinnreich Michael , Rüegg Markus A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe balance between protein synthesis and degradation (proteostasis) is a determining factor for muscle size and function. Signalling via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates proteostasis in skeletal muscle by affecting protein synthesis and autophagosomal protein degradation. Indeed, genetic inactivation of mTORC1 in developing and growing muscle causes atrophy resulting in a lethal myopathy. However, systemic dampening of mTORC1 signalling by its allosteric inhibitor rapamycin is beneficial at the organismal level and increases lifespan. Whether the beneficial effect of rapamycin comes at the expense of muscle mass and function is yet to be established.MethodsWe conditionally ablated the gene coding for the mTORC1‐essential component raptor in muscle fibres of adult mice [inducible raptor muscle‐specific knockout (iRAmKO)]. We performed detailed phenotypic and biochemical analyses of iRAmKO mice and compared them with muscle‐specific raptor knockout (RAmKO) mice, which lack raptor in developing muscle fibres. We also used polysome profiling and proteomics to assess protein translation and associated signalling in skeletal muscle of iRAmKO mice.ResultsAnalysis at different time points reveal that, as in RAmKO mice, the proportion of oxidative fibres decreases, but slow‐type fibres increase in iRAmKO mice. Nevertheless, no significant decrease in body and muscle mass or muscle fibre area was detected up to 5 months post‐raptor depletion. Similarly, ex vivo muscle force was not significantly reduced in iRAmKO mice. Despite stable muscle size and function, inducible raptor depletion significantly reduced the expression of key components of the translation machinery and overall translation rates.ConclusionsRaptor depletion and hence complete inhibition of mTORC1 signalling in fully grown muscle leads to metabolic and morphological changes without inducing muscle atrophy even after 5 months. Together, our data indicate that maintenance of muscle size does not require mTORC1 signalling, suggesting that rapamycin treatment is unlikely to negatively affect muscle mass and function.
Mathematical modeling of CO2 absorption with ionic liquids in a membrane contactor, study of absorption kinetics and influence of temperature
Authors: Qazi Sohaib , Gómez‐Coma Lucía , Albo Jonathan , Druon‐Bocquet Stéphanie , Irabien Angel , Younas Mohammad , Sanchez‐Marcano José 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work presents a comprehensive study of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from CO2/N2 mixtures in a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC). The absorbents considered were three different ionic liquids (ILs): 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][OAc]), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([emim][EtSO4]) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([emim][MeSO4]). A comprehensive two‐dimensional (2D) mathematical model for the transport of CO2 was developed and solved for steady‐state and pseudo steady‐state modes. For pseudo steady‐state mode, the 2D model was linked with a dynamic model applied on a tank from which the IL was recirculated into the shell side of the HFMC.RESULTSThe model showed excellent agreement between the simulations and experimental data within the range of 2 to 5% standard deviation. Initially, overall mass transfer coefficients of 7.6 × 10−6 (m s−1), 1.6 × 10−6 (m s−1) and 3.7 × 10−6 (m s−1) were obtained for [emim][OAc], [emim][EtSO4] and [emim][MeSO4], respectively. Solubility, diffusivity and absorption efficiency of CO2 in ILs showed strong dependence on the temperature. Furthermore, concentration drop in the wetted portion of the membrane, effect of porosity, tortuosity, gas and absorbent flow rates were systematically studied.CONCLUSIONFindings of both experimental and modeling work suggests that in spite of the difference of extraction efficiency, these ILs are potential absorbents for CO2 in membrane contactors. Moreover, the modeling approach was found very effective to predict the absorption behavior of CO2 in ILs and to study the wetting phenomena and parametric effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Characteristics of nitrous oxide production under salt stress: a model study
Authors: Dai Wei , Zhao Jianqiang , Bin Nasry Allama Al Naim , Liu Wei , Laoyongxay Huexay 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA large amount of N2O is often generated in the high‐salt wastewater nitrogen removal process, which is unfavorable to the environment, so it is necessary to build a model to describe the N2O production characteristics in high‐salt environment.RESULTSThis work merges three nitrous oxide (N2O) production pathways, namely ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) denitrification, incomplete hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation and heterotrophic denitrification, into a multispecies activated sludge model to describe N2O production under salt stress for the first time. The heterotrophic denitrification pathway was divided into two parts, namely denitrification on intracellular polymers and denitrification on endogenous respiration, and high‐salt inhibition terms were added to the intracellular polymer expressions on the heterotrophic denitrification pathway. The developed model was calibrated by a cycle running experimental case and validated by three single experimental cases, then assessed by two different sets of experimental data. The results indicated that the model reproduced experimentally measured data from six cases perfectly. The modeling results showed that the heterotrophic denitrification pathway (70.04–81.52%) played a significant role in N2O production, while smaller amounts of N2O were generated by the AOB denitrification pathway (14.53–23.93%) and incomplete NH2OH oxidation pathway (3.54–7.75%).CONCLUSIONDenitrification on endogenous respiration will produce a small amount of N2O with an initial carbon source; when there is no initial carbon source, it will be dominant. Owing to the competitive effects of heterotrophic denitrifying bacterial nitrogen reductase on electron donors, N2O conversion (ratio of N2O production to total nitrogen removal) will increase with decreasing carbon source. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Is water‐soluble contrast enema examination for integrity of rectal anastomosis necessary prior to ileostomy reversal?
Authors: Goh Hui Lu , Hawkins Lauren , Kamarajah Sivesh K , Karandikar Sharad , Goldstein Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimRoutine use of water‐soluble contrast enema (WSCE) to assess anastomotic integrity is debated. This study aimed to evaluate the role of WSCE to assess anastomotic integrity following anterior resections (AR) with defunctioning stoma prior to reversal and identify factors to limit its selective use.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated all WSCE performed over a 7‐year period at a high‐volume colorectal unit. Risk factors for radiological abnormality/leak, including malignancy, chemoradiotherapy, and immediate postoperative complications, were recorded. A gastrointestinal specialist radiologist and surgeon validated all WSCEs reported as abnormal.ResultsOf the 486 WSCE studies identified, 92 were excluded (repeat studies (n = 51), pediatric cases [n = 2], no AR [n = 39]). A total of 394 WSCE studies were evaluated (260 cancer; 134 noncancer patients); 14% (37/260) of cancer patients and 8% (10/134) of noncancer patients had abnormal studies (P = 0.072). Of the 37 abnormal studies in cancer patients, 73% (27/37) radiological leaks were found, and 41% (n = 11/27) of these patients had postoperative complications. Of the 10 abnormal studies in noncancer patients, 20% (2/10) radiological leaks were found, but none of these patients had postoperative complications. Overall leak rates were 7% (29/394), and rates were significantly higher in cancer patients than noncancer patients (10 vs 2%, P = 0.005).ConclusionRoutine use of WSCE may not be necessary prior to reversal. WSCE should be selectively used in event of postoperative leak or complications. Noncancer resections are less likely demonstrate a leak.
Identification of key molecular targets that correlate with breast cancer through bioinformatic methods
Authors: Tang Wan , Guo Xianmin , Niu Liang , Song Dong , Han Bing , Zhang Haipeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to identify key molecular targets of breast cancer for targeted treatment and to improve the survival rate.MethodsOverlapped difference expression genes in three datasets were identified in a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) module and MetaDE.ES analysis. Combined with the prognosis information [time, death, status and relative survival (RS)] in GSE42568, single‐factor Cox regression analysis was used to screen the genes that were significantly related to the prognosis in the target gene set.ResultsIn total, 13 optimal gene combinations with a significantly correlated prognosis were obtained, including SSPN, NELL2, AGTR1, NRIP3, IKZF2, NAT1, CXCL12, NPY1R, PRAME, PPP1R1B, CRISP3, NMU and GSTP1. In addition, there was a significant correlation between the samples given by the prognostic prediction system and the validation dataset (GSE20685 and TCGA), with p values of 0.0299 in GSE20685 and 1.461 × 10–5 in TCGA, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.942 and 0.923, respectively. RS‐related differentially expressed genes between high‐ and low‐risk groups were significantly related to biological processes such as cell period and the hormone stimulation response, and were also significantly involved in KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways such as cell period, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor signaling pathway and the cancer pathway.ConclusionsBy predicting the survival risk of breast cancer patients based on the 13 optimal genes, high‐risk patients would be detected early. Accordingly, this would help in the formulation of an appropriate treatment plan for patients.
Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of some new derivatives and fused heterocyclic compounds derived from thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine: Part 2
Authors: Hassan Aisha Y. , Sarg Marwa T. , El‐Sebaey Samiha A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a continuation of our research on developing anticancer agents and based on the proven proprieties of thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines as anticancer, we have designed to synthesize novel thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives that incorporate different biologically active heterocycles through various chemical reactions. All of the newly obtained compounds, compared with the standard anticancer drug (doxorubicin), were screened in vitro for their antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG‐2) and human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. The results revealed that compounds 3, 7, 12, and 19 were found to be the most potent against both HepG‐2 and MCF‐7 cell lines exhibiting IC50 values ranging from 3.67 to 11.50 and 5.13 to 11.80 μg/mL, respectively, among which compound 7 has a more potent activity than the reference drug doxorubicin against HepG‐2 cell line, showing IC50 value of 3.67 μg/mL (doxorubicin 4.65 μg/mL).
Toward high pressure miniature protein mass spectrometer: Theory and initial results
Authors: Hou Chenyue , Xu Qian , Zhang Fei , Jiang Ting , Xu Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrent miniature mass spectrometers mainly focus on the analyses of organic and small biological molecules. In this study, we explored the possibility of developing high resolution miniature ion trap mass spectrometers for whole protein analysis. Theoretical derivation, GPU assisted ion trajectory simulation, and initial experiments on home‐developed “brick” mass spectrometer were carried out. Results show that ion‐neutral collisions have smaller damping effect on large protein ions, and a higher buffer gas pressure should be applied during ion trap operations for protein ions. As a result, higher pressure ion trap operation not only benefits instrument miniaturization, but also improves mass resolution of protein ions. Dynamic mass scan rate and generation of low charge state protein ions are also found to be helpful in terms of improving mass resolutions. Theory and conclusions found in this work are also applicable in the development of benchtop mass spectrometers.
An Inexpensive, simple calibration method for MALDI TOF/TOF systems
Authors: O'Rourke Matthew B. , Padula Matthew P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe array of analytes that can be measured by MADLI MS has created an equally vast range of calibration mixtures. The inherent problem with this is that acquiring all of them at commercial rates can be prohibitively expensive. With this in mind, we have created a low‐cost alternative to the most commonly used peptide calibrants.We were able to achieve an overall 78 ppm mass accuracy across a mass range of 900 to 2500 Da which was comparable to the mass accuracy achievable with commercial peptide mixes and hence has become a viable alternative.
Phylogenetic analysis of open reading frame of 11 gene segments of novel human‐bovine reassortant RVA G6P[1] strain in Pakistan
Authors: Tamim Sana , Heylen Elisabeth , Zeller Mark , Ranst Marc Van , Matthijnssens Jelle , Salman Muhammad , Aamir Uzma Bashir , Sharif Salman , Ikram Aamer , Hasan Fariha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultiple Rotavirus A (RVA) strains are linked with gastrointestinal infections in children that fall in age bracket of 0 to 60 months. However, the problem is augmented with emergence of unique strains that reassort with RVA strains of animal origin. The study describes the sequence analysis of a rare G6P[1] rotavirus strain isolated from a less than 1 year old child, during rotavirus surveillance in Rawalpindi district, Pakistan in 2010. Extracted RNA from fecal specimen was subjected to high throughput RT‐PCR for structural and nonstructural gene segments. The complete rotavirus genome of one isolate RVA/Human‐wt/PAK/PAK99/2010/G6P[1] was sequenced for phylogenetic analysis to elucidate the evolutionary linkages and origin. Full genome examination of novel strain RVA/Human‐wt/PAK/PAK99/2010/G6P[1] revealed the unique genotype assemblage: G6‐P[1]‐I2‐R2‐C2‐M2‐A3‐N2‐T6‐E2‐H1. The evolutionary analyses of VP7, VP4, NSP1 and NSP3 gene segments revealed that PAK99 clustered with bovine, or cattle‐like rotavirus strains from other closely related species, in the genotypes G6, P[1], A3 and T6 respectively. Gene segments VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP2 and NSP4 all possessed the DS‐1‐like bovine genotype 2 and bovine (‐like) RVA strains instead of RVA strains having human origin. However, the NSP5 gene was found to cluster closely with contemporary human Wa‐like rotavirus strains of H1 genotype. This is the first report on bovine‐human (Wa‐like reassortant) genotype constellation of G6P[1] strain from a human case in Pakistan (and the second description worldwide). Our results emphasize the significance of incessant monitoring of circulating RVA strains in humans and animals for better understanding of RV evolution.
Inhibition effect of polyvinyl chloride on ferrihydrite reduction and electrochemical activities of Geobacter metallireducens
Authors: Li Jiajia , Liu Fanghua , Yang Cuiyun , Zheng Shiling , Xiao Leilei , Li Jinhua , Tu Chen , Luo Yongming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeobacter metallireducens GS15, a model of dissimilatory iron‐reducing bacteria, is the key regulator in biogeochemical iron cycling. How the emerging contaminant microplastics involved in the iron cycling are driven by microbes on the microscale remains unknown. Hence, the influences of two typical microplastics, polybutylene terephthalate‐hexane acid (PBAT) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), were explored on the activity of G. metallireducens GS15 with ferrihydrite or ferric citrate as the respective electron acceptors. The results showed that the iron (II) contents in PBAT‐ and PVC‐treatment groups were 16.79 and 6.81 mM, respectively, at the end of the experiment. Compared with the PBAT‐treatment group, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometery revealed that merely a small amount of iron‐containing products covered the surface of PVC. Moreover, PBAT and PVC could both retard the electroactivity of G. metallireducens GS15 at the beginning of microbial fuel cell operation. On the basis of the results above, microplastic PVC might exhibit potential inhibition of the iron cycling process driven by G. metallireducens GS15 with ferrihydrite as the terminal electron acceptor. This study extended our understanding of the influence of the microplastics PBAT and PVC on microbially mediated biogeochemical iron cycling. The findings might have an important implication on the biogeochemical elements cycling in the ecosystem with the involvement of emerging contaminant microplastics.
A study on variability in rainfall over India contributed by cyclonic disturbances in warming climate scenario
Authors: Singh Kasturi , Panda Jagabandhu , Kant Sunny 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvery year cyclonic disturbances (CDs) cause destructions along the coastal areas of the designated world basins. Apart from strong winds generated by CDs, torrential rain causes flood and landslides over the places of landfall. By using high‐quality daily rainfall data, the contribution of rainfall by the North Indian Ocean (NIO) CDs over India is investigated in this study. Eastern Indian states suffer landfalling CDs from the Bay of Bengal and the western coastal states experience the influence from those formed over the Arabian Sea. Among eastern coastal states, the accumulated rainfall is higher over Andhra Pradesh (AP), Tamil Nadu (TN), Odisha and southern West Bengal during pre‐monsoon season. Among western coastal states, Karnataka and Kerala suffer maximum rainfall from CDs. During post‐monsoon season, coastal AP, TN, Odisha, Karnataka and coastal Kerala received higher accumulated rainfall. Gujarat received ~70% and both AP and TN received up to 20–30% of rainfall by CDs during pre‐monsoon months. During post‐monsoon season, Gujarat, Odisha and AP received maximum rainfall contribution up to 50%. In most of the states, the overall rainfall contribution by CDs is observed to have a decreasing trend during both seasons. Owning to the stable average rainfall trend over India along with decreasing CD frequency during the post‐monsoon season, the results indicate an increased amount of rainfall by CDs. CDs contribute a considerable amount of rainfall to central and northern India during the post‐monsoon season, which is helpful for agricultural purpose.