bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and Verification of the First Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Clonal Lines
Authors: hansen tom , Penman David , Glover Kevin Alan , Fraser Thomas , Vågseth Tone , Thorsen Anders , Sørvik Anne Grete Eide , Fjelldal Per Gunnar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background In several fish species homozygous and heterozygous clonal lines have been produced using gynogenetic and androgenetic techniques. These lines are standardized and can be reproduced over generations. In rainbow trout such lines have existed for decades and has become important research tools in genome studies as well as in studies of commercially important traits. The Atlantic salmon is one of the best studied fish species globally, but all experiments are done on fish of wild or domesticated origin and access to standardized immortal fish lines would be of great benefit. Here, we describe the protocols developed to produce mitotic gynogenes, and from these the first clonal lines in Atlantic salmon.Results Atlantic salmon eggs fertilized with UV irradiated sperm combined with a pressure shock applied at 4700–4800 minC at 8 oC gave all homozygous (doubled haploid) gynogenetic progeny with high survival. From the six first maturing females, five all homozygous clonal lines were produced by meiotic gynogenesis and were verified as clonal and identical to their mother with microsatellite markers.Conclusions We have now produced the first documented cloned Atlantic salmon lines. This work demonstrates the potential for production of further Atlantic salmon clonal lines, potentially with distinct characteristics. Such lines will provide an important resource for further elucidation of phenotypic and genetic traits in this globally important species.
Are tagged fish like others? Insights from growth and stress physiological profile in two marine fish species
Authors: Alfonso Sébastien , Zupa Walter , Manfrin Amedeo , Fiocchi Eleonora , Dioguardi Maria , Dara Mariano , Cammarata Matteo , Lembo Giuseppe , Carbonara Pierluigi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Telemetry applied to aquatic organisms has recently developed greatly. Physiological sensors have been increasingly used as tools for fish welfare monitoring. However, for the technology to be used as a reliable non-invasive welfare indicator, it is important that the tagging procedure does not disrupt fish physiology, behaviour and performance. In this communication, we share our medium-term data on stress physiological profile and growth performance after tag implantation in two important marine fish species for European aquaculture, the sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) and the European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). Results: Blood samples after tag implantation (46 days for the sea bream and 95 days for the sea bass) revealed no differences between tagged and untagged fish in cortisol, glucose and lactate levels, suggesting that the tag implantation does not induce prolonged stress in these species. Moreover, the specific growth rates were similar in the tagged and untagged fish of both species. Conclusion: Tag implantation does not have medium-term consequences for the stress physiology and growth performance of these two marine fish species in a controlled environment. These observations support the use of accelerometer tags as valuable tools for welfare monitoring in aquaculture conditions, as they do not affect the fish’s welfare and health. This study also shows that tagged fish can be sampled during experiments and considered a representative portion of the population, as they display growth and physiological parameters comparable to those of untagged fish.
Basic epidemiological parameter values from data of real-world in mega-cities: the characteristics of COVID-19 in Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Pan Yang , Zhang Daitao , Chen Lijuan , Jia Lei , Li Xinyu , Yang Peng , Wang Quanyi , Macintyre C. Raina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. With the spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, understanding the basic epidemiological parameter values of COVID-19 from real-world data in mata-cities is essential for disease prevention and control. Methods. To investigate the epidemiological parameters in SARS-CoV-2 infected cases in Beijing, we studied all confirmed cases and close contacts in Beijing from 1 Jan to 3 Apr 2020. The epidemiological and virological characteristics were analyzed.Results. A total of 602 cases were positive for SARS-CoV-2, including 585 confirmed case-patients and 17 asymptomatic infections. The imported cases were mainly from Wuhan and then predominantly from abroad. Among 585 confirmed case-patients, the median age was 39 years. About 13.68% were severe and critical patients. The mean incubation period was 6.31 days. The secondary attack rate among households was higher than social contacts (15.55 vs.4.56%). The secondary attack rate of healthcare workers (HCWs) was higher than non-HCWs’ (7.26 vs. 4.24%). The basic reproduction number was 2.0, and the average serial interval was 7.64 days. No significant genetic variant was found.Conclusions. The transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 was relatively high, especially among households and from HCWs, which should be focused on. So far, there is no evidence of widespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in communities in Beijing.
Osteogenic and Fluorescent Characterization of Pig-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Between eGFP Transgenesis and Non-viral Plasmid Transfection
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Kai , Wu Chia-Jung , Wang Chi-Yun , Tsai Tsung-Ting , Niu Chi-Chien , Lai Po-Liang , Wu Shinn-Chih 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWidely used in recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) can be tracked during migration to injury sites, while also supporting tri-lineage differentiation. However, the relationship between the expression of green fluorescence and the magnitude of osteogenic differentiation is not clearly defined. Despite increasing use of eGFP-MSCs derived from the transgenic pigs and non-viral eGFP plasmid transfected MSCs in recent years, it remains unclear which cells are suitable for tracking during osteogenic differentiation, and whether the transfected plasmid alters osteogenic potential.MethodsWe compared the expression of green fluorescence and the magnitude of osteogenic differentiation between eGFP MSCs from a transgenic pig (group 1) and non-virally transfected eGFP-MSCs using transIT®-2020 (group 2). Non-transfected MSCs were used as control group (group 3). We also use a scaffold to compare the osteogenic induction environments created by 2-D monolayer cultures and 3-D cultures, respectivelyResultsIn the monolayer culture, flow cytometry from day 7 to day 28 showed that the percentage of green fluorescent cells in groups 1 and 2 were 99.6% and 59.7% of total cell counts, respectively. Quantification showed that eGFP expression peaked on day 7, decreased after day 14, and plateaued to day 28 in group 1 and group 2. Significant aggregation of eGFP over bone-like nodules was appreciated in group 1. In 3-D culture, eGFP expression increased from day 7 to day 28 in both groups, and was higher in group 1 than in group 2 at each time point. Osteogenic profiles and immunohistochemistry showed more significant osteogenic activity in group 1 and group 3 than in group 2. ConclusionsThe expression of eGFP in the test groups did not significantly change after osteogenic induction. However, quantification data was different in monolayer and 3-D cultures due to spatial limitations, differing extracellular environments, and heterogeneous cell morphology and methods of division. Osteogenic profiles and immunohistochemistry data confirmed that osteogenic potential did not change in transgenic pig-derived MSCs. However osteogenic potential decreased in pig MSCs (pig MSCs) treated with the transfection reagent, likely from related toxicity.
Mapping of QTLs Detected in a Broccoli Double Diploid Population for Plant Height and Leaf Characteristics
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Sun Jifeng , Liu Eryan , Liu Yumei , Fang Zhiyuan , Yang Limei , Zhuang Mu , Zhang Yangyong , Lv Honghao , Wang Yong , Han Fengqing , Ji Jialei , Li Zhansheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The planting density of broccoli can directly affect the yield and overall health of plants. So there is necessary to reveal the regulatory genes of planting density in broccoli by QTL mapping. In this study, the important planting density-dependent factors of broccoli, plant height (PH), maximum outer petiole length (PL) and leaf width (LW), were investigated during 2017 and 2018. The mapping of QTLs for PH, PL and LW were performed, and the interaction between QTLs and the environment was also analyzed by a DH population constructed with 176 genotypes derived from F1 obtained by crossing the broccoli inbred lines 86101 (P1) and 90196 (P2).Results A linkage group including a total of 438 SSR markers were constructed covering a length of 1168.26 cM using QTL IciMapping 4.0 software. Finally, there were mainly four QTLs (phc1, phc2, phc4-1, phc4-2), one QTL (plc6), and two QTLs (lwc1, lwc3) corresponding for PH, PL and LW recurred during the two years. In three environments, inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) analysis showed that there was a major QTL for PH at 7.20 cM on chromosome 1 between molecular markers 8C024 and sf4482 with a high explanatory contribution rate of 20.05%. The QTL at the 11.10 cM position of chromosome 6 was located for the PL with a high explanatory contribution rate of 20.02% between the molecular markers sc2170 and sf43960. The QTL at the 147.00 cM position of chromosome 3 was located on LW with a high explanatory contribution rate of 19.97% between molecular markers of Sc52751 and RA2-E12.Conclusions According to the QTL results of planting density in broccoli by a DH population, the possible positions of candidate genes were screened to provide a basis for further locating and cloning genes for plant height, maximum outer petiole and leaf width.
A longitudinal study of bonding failure related to aspects of traumatic birth experience among Japanese mothers
Authors: Suetsugu Yoshiko , Haruna Megumi , Kamibeppu Kiyoko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:
A traumatic birth experience may affect mother-infant bonding. This study examined the relationship between aspects of traumatic birth experience and bonding failure for mothers at 1 month and 4 months after delivery.
Methods:
This longitudinal study surveyed 130 mothers at 1 month (T1) and 4 months (T2) after delivery. We performed multiple regression analysis with the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) as the dependent variable and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve score (F.APGAR), and demographic data as independent variables.
Results:
The IES-R and the EPDS were relevant factors for the PBQ at T1. The IES-R was not a relevant factor, but the EPDS was a relevant factor for the PBQ at T2. The IES-R at T1 was not a predictor for the PBQ at T2. The PBQ at T1 was the largest predictor for the PBQ at T2, when compared with the EPDS, F.APGAR, and dismissive attachment pattern (RQ) at T1.
Conclusions:
A traumatic birth experience had a strong influence on bonding failure at T1. However, the important factor affecting bonding failure was not a traumatic birth experience, but depression at T2. If a traumatic birth experience is accompanied by depression at T2, it may affect bonding failure. The bonding failure affected by the traumatic birth experience at T1 could affect bonding failure at T2. Health professionals should assess the degree of the traumatic birth experience and start to care for mothers at T1.
Skin Cancers in People with Albinism in Togo in 2019: Results of Two Rounds of National Mobile Skin Care Clinics
Authors: Saka Bayaki , Akakpo Sefako Abla , Teclessou Julienne Noude , Gnossike Piham , Adam Saliou , Kassang Panawe , Elegbede Yvette , Mouhari-Toure Abas , Darre Tchin , Kombate Koussake , Pitche Palokinam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and histological types of skin cancers in people with albinism (PWA) in Togo in 2019.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of medical records of PWA systematically examined during two mobile skin care clinics in 2019, as part of a programme for the prevention and management of skin cancers in these subjects. Results: During the study period, 280 (95.2%) of the 294 PWA consulted, had developed skin lesions. Of the 280 patients, the pathological reports from the medical records of 33 patients (11.8%) had concluded to keratinocytes skin cancers. The mean age of these 33 patients was 38.6±15.2 years and the sex-ratio was 1. Their occupations were mainly resellers (21.2%), traders (15.2%) and farmers (12.2%). In the 33 patients, 54 cases of keratinocytes skin cancers were identified, with some patients having more than one case or histological type. These 54 keratinocytes skin cancers were divided into 21 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 2 cases of Bowen’s disease and 31 cases of basal cell carcinomas. These keratinocytes skin cancers mainly occurred in the cephalic region (33 cases; 61.1%), the upper limbs (15 cases; 27, 8%) and the trunk (4 cases; 7.4%).Conclusion: The results of this study show a high prevalence of skin cancers among PWAs in Togo in 2019, only keratinocytes skin cancers. In addition, they illustrate the role of ultraviolet rays with regard to the localization of skin cancers and the occupations of patients. Popularization and compliance with photo protection measures, systematic and regular examination of the skin of these PWAs will allow early detection and treatment of these skin cancers.
Clinical teaching of undergraduate nursing students: Are the nurses in practice in Uganda ready?
Authors: Drasiku Amos , Gross Janet L. , Jones Casey , Nyoni Champion N. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Nurses with degree qualifications offer better nursing care compared to nurses prepared at lower levels. University based nursing degrees have been sanctioned as entry into professional nursing and several low-resource states have introduced university based nursing degrees. The clinical teaching of students enrolled in such degrees is challenged, as most nurses in practice do not have university degrees and are incompetent in moulding the clinical reasoning processes which is inherent within degree education. A university in Uganda established a bachelor’s degree in Nursing program and was expecting to use nurses in practice at a teaching hospital for the clinical teaching of undergraduate nursing students. This study reports on the perceptions of the nurses in practice regarding their readiness for the clinical teaching of undergraduate nursing students.Methods: A qualitative descriptive research study was conducted among 33 conveniently sampled nurses from ARRH who had been supervising Diploma and/or Certificate in Nursing students. Five focus group discussions and three informant interviews were used to generate the data. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using an inductive approach through thematic analysis.Results: The nurses in practice perceived themselves as ready for clinical teaching of undergraduate nursing students. Three themes emerged namely; “ Willingness to teach undergraduate students ” “ Perceived attributes of undergraduate students ”, and “ The clinical practice environment ”.Conclusion: The nurses in practice need support in the execution of the clinical teaching role of undergraduate nursing students. The nature of supports would include, continuing professional development specific to clinical teaching, engaging the educators in the clinical environment, positively engaging power gradients and address insecurities among the nurses and the students. Students in these programmes should be exposed to the clinical environment earlier within the programme, and be exposed to interprofessional and trans-professional education.
Adjuvant Therapy by High-Speed Burr May Cause Intraoperative Bone Tumor Seeding: An Animal Study
Authors: Wang Pai-han , Wu Chia-Lun , Chen Chao-Ming , Wang Jir‐You , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBone tumors are often treated with intralesional curettage. High-speed burring, an adjuvant therapy, was performed to maximize the tumor cell killing; however, tumor recurrence might still occur, which may be caused by residual tumor or local tumor spread during surgery.MethodsA porcine cadaver (femur) was utilized to determine whether the use of a high-speed burr causes bone cement spray. To mimic residual tumor after curettage, luminescent cement was smeared on two locations of the bone cavity, the wall and the bottom. The cavity in the femoral bone was then placed in the middle of a sheet of drawing paper featuring 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm concentric circles. The luminescent cement was then burred totally with a high-speed burr.ResultsThe intensity of the area in the wall in circle I was 72.6% ± 5.8%; within circle II, it was 22.1% ± 4.2%; and within circle III, it was 5.4% ± 1.5%. The intensity of the area within the bottom of the femoral bone within circle I was 66.5% ± 6.1%, within circle II was 28.1 ± 4.8%, and within circle III, it was 5.4% ± 1.4%. The amount of luminescent cement seeding decreased with distance, but there was no difference while burring at different locations of the bone cavity. Under the handpiece cover, a greater amount of cement spray was retained in circle I during burring of the cement in the bottom of the cavity and less was sprayed out in circle III.ConclusionsHigh-speed burring may cause tumor seeding, which could extend to 20 cm. The intensities of spray did not decrease, even when the handpiece cover was used. The correlation between high-speed burring and tumor seeding was highly suspect in this pilot study.
Polish Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Lower Limb Functional Index (LLFI) Demonstrates a Valid Outcome Measure for the Lower Limb Region and Joints
Authors: Bejer Agnieszka , Podufały Agnieszka , Kyc Sylwia , Michałek Magdalena , Mataczyński Piotr , Domka-Jopek Elżbieta , Melloh Markus , Gabel Charles Philip 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are recommended to enable the standardization of collected data and provide accurate representation of the patients’ subjective opinions of their functional capabilities. The purpose of this study was to perform linguistic and cross-cultural adaptation to establish a Polish version of the Lower Limb Functional Index (LLFI), and to evaluate the psychometric properties of internal consistency, reliability, error score, validity, and factor structure with standardized criteria PROMs in a population with lower limb problems.Methods: Linguistic and cultural adaptation complied with the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guidelines to produce the Lower Limb Functional Index - Polish version (LLFI-PL). The study recruited subjects (n = 125, age = 52.86 ± 19.53 years, range 20–87, 56% female, injury duration = 17.69 ± 18.39 weeks, range 5–71). Baseline reliability and criterion validity included the LLFI-PL, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Euroqol Health Questionnaire 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L), and an 11-point pain Numerical Rating Scale, with retest at 3–7 days. Practicality for readability was considered within the face and content validity. Completion and scoring time were also calculated.Results: Statistical analysis showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.94) and high test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.96). The error score found the SEM = 3.49% with MDC90 = 8.11%. Validity analysis showed strong correlations between the LLFI-PL with the WOMAC (r=-0.81) and moderate with the EQ-5D-5L (r=-0.63). Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a single-factor structure. Times for completion (172 ± 33 seconds) and scoring (20 ± 9 seconds) were determined.Conclusions: The LLFI-PL is a psychometrically sound questionnaire for Polish-speaking patients with lower limb musculoskeletal conditions. The results support the findings of previous original-English, Spanish, and Turkish versions for internal consistency, validity, reliability, error score, and factor structure.
Mesenchymal stem cells modified by FGF21 and GLP1 ameliorate lipid metabolism while reducing blood glucose in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Xue Binghua , Xiuxiao Xiao , Yu Tingting , Xiao Xinhua , Xie Jie , Ji Qiuhe , Wang Li , Na Tao , Meng Shufang , Geng Peiliang , Qian Lingjia , Duan Haifeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and safety of genetic modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in type 2 diabetes mellitues (T2DM).Methods: MSCs derived from adipose tissue were modified with over-expression of FGF21 and GLP1, which was achieved through lentiviral particles transduction. The cells were transplanted to the BKS.Cg-Dock7m+/+Leprdb/Nju mice (T2DM mice model). The injections of physiological saline (0.1 mL), Liraglutide (0.5mg/kg) were employed as negative and positive controls respectively. The protein analyses were performed using ELISA or western blot analysis, while quantitative real-time PCR was adopted for gene expression.Results: The genetic modification had no effects on morphology, differentiation ability, or immunophenotype of MSCs. Moreover, MSC-FGF21+GLP1 cells exhibited significantly increased expression of FGF21 and GLP1. In T2DM model mice, the transplantation of MSC-FGF21+GLP1 cells ameliorated blood glucose and weight, promoted the secretion of insulin, enhanced the recovery of liver structures, and improved lipid profiles. Moreover, FGF21 and GLP1 exhibited synergistic effects in regulation of glucolipid metabolism through controlling the expression of insulin, srebp1 and srebp2.Conclusion: The stem cell treatment based on MSCs modified by FGF21 and GLP1 genes is an effective approach for treatment of T2DM.
Prevalence and Significance of Serum 14-3-3η(eta) in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Reyhan Iris , Zhukov Olga S. , Lagier Robert J. , Bridgeforth Robert F. , Popov Joanna M. , Naides Stanley J. , Reiff Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Prompt diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is important to avoid long term complications. Elevated serum 14-3-3η levels improve the diagnostic sensitivity of rheumatoid factor (RF) and cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and have been associated with more severe phenotype. We investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of serum 14-3-3η in different types of JIA.Methods JIA patients (n = 152) followed by the Pediatric Rheumatology Core at Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles were categorized into 5 groups: polyarticular JIA RF+ (PJIA RF+; n = 39), PJIA RF- (n = 39), psoriatic arthritis (PsA; n = 20), enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA; n = 18), and oligoarticular JIA (OJIA [control group]; n = 36). RF, CCP antibody, and 14-3-3η were measured for all patients. 14-3-3η serum levels ≥ 0.2 ng/mL were considered positive. Disease activity was assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-71 (JADAS-71).Results Elevated 14-3-3η levels were detected in 35/152 (23%) patients, and across all groups tested. Most patients with 14-3-3η had titers ≥ 4 times above the cutoff value. The majority (23, 67%) of 14-3-3η-positive patients were also positive for RF or CCP antibodies, 17 (49%) were positive for all 3, and 12 (8%) were single-positive for 14-3-3η. The highest prevalence of 14-3-3η was in PJIA RF + patients (49%), followed by OJIA (22%). Positivity for 14-3-3η was not significantly associated with disease activity or age at diagnosis.Conclusion Serum 14-3-3η can be detected in all forms of JIA tested but appears to be most common in PJIA RF+. 14-3-3η does not appear to correlate with disease activity in JIA.