bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on anti‐crystallization law of tunnel transverse flocking drainpipe at different velocities
Authors: Liu Shiyang , Gao Feng , Zhang Xuefu , Han Fenglei , Zhou Yuanfu , Xiang Kun , Xiao Dongjie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the increasing of the tunnel operation life, various diseases of the tunnel are gradually highlighted, especially the lining cracking and leakage caused by the crystal blocking pipe of the drainage system, which brings serious hidden trouble to the safe operation of the tunnel. In order to solve the problem of crystal plugging of horizontal drainage pipe in tunnel, the transverse drainage pipe of the tunnel was taken as the research object, combined with the field survey data, and the indoor test was used to analyze the anti‐crystallization law of flocking drainage pipe at different velocities. The results showed that the flocking drainage pipes had an anti‐crystallization effect, and the anti‐crystallization efficiency could be increased by more than 50% compared with the ordinary drainage pipes, and the flow rate at 6.82 cm/s could reach more than 60%. At the flow rate of 5.46 cm/s, the crystallization on flocking drainage pipes at the later stage of the test remained basically unchanged and was less than that on ordinary drainage pipes. The change in the weight of crystals on the flocking drainage pipes was approximately sinusoidal, and the change period was different at different flow rates; among which, the change period of crystallization on the flocking drainpipe was shorter when the villi length was shorter at low flow rates.
From the lab to the river: Determination of ecological hosts of Anodonta anatina
Authors: Dias Ana Rita , Teixeira Amílcar , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Varandas Simone , Sousa Ronaldo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Coextinction is the simplest form of secondary extinction and freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) may be particularly prone to this phenomenon as their life cycle includes an obligatory parasitic larval stage on fish hosts.
The main aims of this study were to determine the possible ecological fish hosts of Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) in several rivers of the Douro basin in northern Portugal and to assess possible spatial and temporal differences in glochidial (larval) loads. In order to achieve this, electrofishing was conducted from December to April, the fish fauna was characterized, and levels of infestation with A. anatina glochidia were determined.
Native cyprinid species, mainly Luciobarbus bocagei (Iberian barbel) and Squalius carolitertii (northern Iberian chub), together with the non‐native Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed sunfish) and Alburnus alburnus (common bleak), were found to have the highest glochidial loads. Clear differences in infestation between rivers and throughout time were detected, with an infestation period from January to March, and with the Tâmega River having the highest prevalence.
Anodonta anatina is able to infest a variety of fish species, and this together with earlier studies showed that the metamorphosis into juveniles occurs mainly in native cyprinid species, although non‐native species like common bleak can also be considered suitable hosts. However, the larvae infesting other non‐native species, such as the pumpkinseed sunfish, do not metamorphose and can be considered ‘dead ends’.
Overall, the results reported here are important for the conservation of A. anatina (and other unionoid species) because several Iberian rivers (and worldwide) have been subjected to the extirpation of native fish species and the introduction of non‐native fish species. Therefore, careful assessments of fish communities should be conducted to assess possible negative interactions with freshwater mussels.
New halogenated chalcones with cytotoxic and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties: 6‐(3‐Halogenated phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐oyl)‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolones
Authors: Bilginer Sinan , Gul Halise I. , Erdal Feyza S. , Sakagami Hiroshi , Gulcin Ilhami 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, novel halogenated chalcones, 6‐(3‐halogenated phenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐one)‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolones (2a–n), were synthesized for the first time (except 2a), and their chemical structures were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry spectra. Cytotoxic activities and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory effects of the compounds were studied to identify new possible drug candidate molecules. Cytotoxicity results pointed out that compound 2m, 6‐[3‐(3‐bromophenyl)‐2‐propenoyl]‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolone, had the highest cytotoxicity (CC50) and potency selectivity expression (PSE) values. Thus, compound 2m can be considered as a lead compound of the series in terms of cytotoxicity. When the CA inhibition results of the compounds were evaluated, it was found that the Ki values of the compounds ranged from 30.5 ± 11.3 to 65.5 ± 25.6 µM toward hCA I, and they ranged from 7.3 ± 1.8 to 58.8 ± 12.3 µM toward hCA II. However, the Ki values of the reference drug, acetazolamide (AZA), were 30.2 ± 7.8 and 4.4 ± 0.6 μM toward hCA I and hCA II, respectively. According to the results obtained, compounds 2a–n had lower Ki values than AZA, whereas compounds 2a, 2b, 2e–g, 2l, and 2n had similar Ki values, compared with AZA. So, the compounds 2a, 2b, 2e–g, 2l, and 2n can be considered as lead molecules of this series for further considerations.
An Initial Examination of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenging Child Behaviors as Criterion A Traumatic Stressors
Authors: Schnabel Alexandra , Hallford David J. , Stewart Michelle , McGillivray Jane A. , Forbes David , Austin David W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with high levels of stress. Several studies have conceptualized this as a traumatic stress response to challenging child behaviors such as self‐harm, suicidal ideation, and physical aggression toward caregivers. In the present study, we explored the relevance of a trauma‐based diagnostic framework to a sample of 30 mothers (M age = 42.97, SD = 5.82) of children with ASD (M age = 12.43, SD = 3.15). Participants were interviewed using the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and an abbreviated Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to assess for comorbidity. Three participants were excluded as they met criteria for PTSD from a traumatic event unrelated to their parenting experience. Of the remaining 27 participants, 6 (22.2%) met criteria for PTSD in the context of traumatic parenting experiences. Descriptions of traumatic events experienced are summarized. Results suggest that, for some parents, challenging child behaviors such as physical violence toward the caregiver from the child, self‐injurious behaviors, and suicidal behaviors function as traumatic stressors as per Criterion A of PTSD (American Psychiatric Association [2013]. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders [DSM‐5]. Arlington, VA). This has implications for health professionals engaged with parents of children with ASD, who should consider the possibility of PTSD when challenging behaviors of a potentially traumatic nature are present. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study found that some challenging behaviors exhibited by children with autism spectrum disorder can be traumatic for parents and lead to the development of post‐traumatic stress disorder. Some of these behaviors included self‐harming behaviors like head banging, expressing suicidal urges, and becoming physically aggressive toward parents during meltdowns. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1527–1536. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The prevalence of the Rouviere's sulcus: A meta‐analysis with implications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Cheruiyot Isaac , Nyaanga Fiona , Kipkorir Vincent , Munguti Jeremiah , Ndung'u Bernard , Henry Brandon , Cirocchi Roberto , Tomaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRouvière's sulcus (RS) is increasingly being recognized as an important extra‐biliary landmark during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the prevalence and morphological types of RS. A systematic search was conducted through the major databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SciELO, and the Cochrane Library to identify studies eligible for inclusion. The data were extracted and pooled into a random‐effects meta‐analysis using STATA software. The primary and secondary outcomes of the study were the pooled prevalence of RS and its morphological types, respectively. A total of 23 studies (n= 4,495 patients) were included. The overall pooled prevalence of RS was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] [78, 87]). There were no significant differences in prevalence between cadaveric studies (82%, 95% CI [76, 87]) and laparoscopic studies (83%, 95% CI [77, 88]). The open RS constituted 66% (95% CI [61, 71]) of all cases, while the closed type was present in 34% (95% CI [29, 39]). RS is a relatively constant anatomical structure that can be reliably identified in most patients undergoing cholecystectomy. It can therefore be used as a fixed extra‐biliary landmark for the appropriate site at which to start dissecting during LC to help prevent iatrogenic bile duct injury.
Chartarlactams Q−T, Dimeric Phenylspirodrimanes with Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities
Authors: Liu Dong , Li Yong , Guo Xingchen , Ji Wei , Lin Wenhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFour new phenylspirodrimane‐type dimers, namely chartarlactams Q−T, along with stachyin B were isolated from the fermentation broth of a sponge‐derived fungus Stachybotrys chartarum WGC‐25 C‐6. Chartarlactams Q−T were structurally featured by the dimerization of two units of phenylspirodrimane linked by a C−N bond. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, while quantum ECD calculation and modified Mosher's method were used for the assignment of absolute configurations. Chartarlactams Q−S and stachyin B showed moderate inhibition against bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 4 μg/mL to 16 μg/mL, and chartarlactam T exhibited significant inhibition toward ZIKV virus.
Milker’s nodule: An under‐reported and under‐diagnosed occupational infection
Authors: Poudel Guru Prasad , Agrawal Sudha , Dhakal Sushil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle or multiple minimal painful nodulo‐ulcerative lesions over hand in dairy farm worker suggest likelihood of Milker's nodule.Use of personal protective equipment and antiseptics suffice treatment without unnecessary investigation and medicine.
Esophageal perforation in case of thyroid lymphoma
Authors: Anagnostis Panagiotis , Vaitsi Konstantina , Tzelepi Keraso , Kalaitzis Efstratios 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEsophageal perforation is a rare and serious complication of thyroid lymphoma and should be taken under consideration in cases with rapid deterioration in their course. Clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis are key factors for reducing mortality risks in these cases.
Orthodontic treatment of an adult Class II division 1 malocclusion with nonextraction assisted by lip myofunctional training: A case report
Authors: Hou Jianhua , Meng Xiuping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsideration of facial soft tissue is critical in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to achieve improvement in facial esthetics as well as dental occlusion. As is illustrated by success in orthodontic treatment of an adult Class II division 1 malocclusion with nonextraction and assisted by lip myofunctional training.
Elucidating the Molecular Basis of Avibactam‐Mediated Inhibition of Class A β‐Lactamases
Authors: Das Chandan Kumar , Nair Nisanth N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDisseminating antibiotic resistance rendered by bacteria against the widely used β‐lactam antibiotics is a serious concern for public health care. The development of inhibitors for drug‐resistant β‐lactamase enzymes is vital to combat this rapidly escalating problem. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a non‐β‐lactam inhibitor called avibactam for the treatment of complicated intra‐abdominal and urinary tract infections caused by drug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria. This work sheds light on the molecular origin of the inhibitory effect of avibactam against the drug‐resistant CTX‐M variant of class A β‐lactamases. In particular, we probed the structural evolution, dynamics features, and energetics along the acylation and deacylation reaction pathways through enhanced sampling molecular dynamics methods and free‐energy calculations. We scrutinized the roles of active site residues, the nature of the carbamoyl linkage formed in the inhibitor–enzyme covalent intermediate, and other structural features of the inhibitor molecule. By unraveling the reasons behind the inhibition of all the deacylation routes, we can explain various experimental structural and kinetics data, and propose a way to design new inhibitors based on the β‐lactam framework.
A Phosphine Functionalized β‐Diketimine Ligand for the Synthesis of Manifold Metal Complexes
Authors: Zovko Christina , Bestgen Sebastian , Schoo Christoph , Görner Anne , Goicoechea Jose M. , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA bis(diphenyl)‐phosphine functionalized β‐diketimine (PNac‐H) was synthesized as a flexible ligand for transition metal complexes. The newly designed ligand features symmetrically placed phosphine moieties around a β‐diketimine unit, forming a PNNP‐type pocket. Due to the hard and soft donor atoms (N vs. P) the ligand can stabilize various coordination polyhedra. A complete series ranging from coordination numbers 2 to 6 was realized. Linear, trigonal planar, square planar, tetrahedral, square pyramidal, and octahedral coordination arrangements containing the PNac‐ligand around the metal center were observed by using suitable metal sources. Hereby, PNac‐H or its anion PNac− acts as mono‐, bi‐ and tetradendate ligand. Such a broad flexibility is unusual for a rigid tetradentate system. The structural motifs were realized by treatment of PNac‐H with a series of late transition metal precursors, for example, silver, gold, nickel, copper, platinum, and rhodium. The new complexes have been fully characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR, IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, selected complexes were investigated regarding their photophysical properties. Thus, PNac‐H proved to be an ideal ligand platform for the selective coordination and stabilization of various metal ions in diverse polyhedra and oxidation states.
Systematic DFT Studies on Binary Pseudo‐tetrahedral Zintl Anions: Relative Stabilities and Reactivities towards Protons, Trimethylsilyl Groups, and Iron Complex Fragments
Authors: Guggolz Lukas , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBinary pseudo‐tetrahedral Zintl anions composed of (semi)metal atoms of the p‐block elements have proven to be excellent starting materials for the synthesis of a variety of heterometallic and intermetalloid transition metal–main group metal cluster anions. However, only ten of the theoretically possible 48 anions have been experimentally accessed to date as isolable salts. This brings up the question whether the other species are generally not achievable, or whether synthetic chemists just have not succeeded in their preparation so far. To contribute to a possible answer to this question, global minimum structures were calculated for all anions of the type (TrTt3)5−, (TrPn3)2−, and (Tt2Pn2)2−, comprising elements of periods 3 to 6 (Tr: triel, Al⋅⋅⋅Tl; Tt: tetrel, Si⋅⋅⋅Pb; Pn: pnictogen, P⋅⋅⋅Bi). By analyzing the computational results, a concept was developed to predict which of the yet missing anions should be synthesizable and why. Additionally, the results of an electrophilic attack by protons or trimethylsilyl groups or a nucleophilic attack by transition metal complex fragments are described. The latter yields butterfly‐like structures that can be viewed as a new form of adaptable tridentate chelating ligands.
Forensics in the teaching lab and in the teacher training
Authors: Nitsche Edith , Lühken Arnim , Handel Robyn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDas SuFiS‐Projekt (Studieren und Forschen im Schülerlabor) ermöglicht im Rahmen eines Lehr‐Lern‐Arrangements eine Verzahnung von Theorie und Praxis in der Ausbildung von Lehramtsstudierenden. Dieses Projekt bietet den Studierenden neben der Betreuung durch fachdidaktisch ausgebildete MitarbeiterInnen auf universitärer Ebene den direkten Austausch mit Lehrkräften und eine enge Zusammenarbeit mit deren Schülergruppen. Die Studierenden haben die Gelegenheit, ihre Materialen mit der Unterstützung der BetreuerInnen zu entwickeln, mit Lehrkräften zu diskutieren, zu reflektieren und anschließend mit deren Schülergruppen zu testen. Sie erhalten dadurch einen breit gefächerten Einblick in ihr späteres Berufsleben [1].Die Arbeit im SuFiS−Projekt ermöglicht den Studierenden erste Erfahrungen im Planen, Durchführen und Reflektieren von Lernsituationen mit Schulklassen. Übung und Reflexion des Experimentierens mit Schülergruppen und die Auseinandersetzung mit fachdidaktischer Theoriebildung liegen im Zentrum dieses Lehr‐Lern‐Angebots. Durch ein ausgeglichenes Theorie‐Praxis‐Verhältnis werden die angehenden Lehrkräfte besser auf die Schulpraxis vorbereitet und die möglichen Schwierigkeiten beim Eintritt in die zweite Ausbildungsphase [10] können abgemildert werden.
Differences in ambulatory care fragmentation between cancer survivors and noncancer controls
Authors: Pinheiro Laura C. , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Safford Monika M. , Nanus David , Kern Lisa M. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPatients with chronic conditions are treated by many providers, which can increase the risk of communication gaps across providers and potential harm to patients. However, to the authors' knowledge, the extent of fragmented care among this population is unknown. In the current study, the authors sought to determine whether cancer survivors have more fragmented care than noncancer controls and to quantify the extent of fragmentation.MethodsData from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study linked to Medicare claims were used. The authors included beneficiaries with continuous Part A and B coverage for 12 months at the time of their baseline REGARDS survey. The primary outcome of the current study was claims‐based fragmentation over 12 months, which was calculated using the reversed Bice‐Boxerman Index so a higher score reflected greater fragmentation. Unadjusted differences in fragmentation were compared between cancer survivors and controls. Beta regression models were used to estimate associations between cancer status and fragmentation, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe authors included 4922 participants aged ≥65 years at baseline. Of these patients, approximately 21% were cancer survivors. Survivors had a median of 11 visits (interquartile range, 7‐15 visits) with 5 providers compared with controls, who had a median of 9 visits (interquartile range, 6‐14 visits) with 4 providers (P < .0001). Cancer survivors had significantly more fragmented care compared with controls (median reversed Bice‐Boxerman Index, 0.80 vs 0.76; P < .0001). After adjusting for confounders, cancer survivors had an increased odds of having fragmented care (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.14).ConclusionsCare fragmentation is more prevalent among cancer survivors compared with those without a history of cancer. Future studies should examine whether fragmentation puts survivors at risk of worse outcomes.
Unveiling the Effect of Surface and Bulk Structure on Electrochemical Properties of Disproportionated SiOx Anodes
Authors: Long Zuxin , Fu Rusheng , Ji Jingjing , Feng Zuyong , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs a promising lithium‐ion battery anode materials, silicon suboxides (SiOx) exhibit elusive microstructure with atomic‐scale disproportionation which reveals a strong relation to performance. Generally, the structure of SiOx could be tuned via high‐temperature treatment. In this work, disproportionated SiOx are prepared to systematically discuss the internal relationship among microstructure, physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance. After annealing, amorphous SiO2 and nanocrystalline Si appear, and the SiO2 accumulating on the surface results in large resistance and low Li‐ion diffusivity, which leads to large overpotential and poor performance. If mechanical milling is employed followed by annealing, the SiO2 layer can be crushed, SiOx and Si with electrochemical activity are uncovered. Further research on the SiOx with diverse degrees of disproportionation indicates that proper amount of Si and SiO2 determines the optimal electrochemical performance. This result gives an in‐depth understanding and probable guidance to the modification investigation of SiOx anode for Li‐ion batteries.
Estimation of Microbial Viability Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Davey Hazel , Guyot Stéphane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor microorganisms in particular, viability is a term that is difficult to define and a state consequently difficult to measure. The traditional (and gold standard) usage equates viability and culturability (i.e., the ability to multiply) but the process of determining culturability is often too slow. Flow cytometry provides the opportunity to make rapid and quantitative measurements of dye uptake in large numbers of cells and we can therefore exploit the flow cytometric approach to evaluate so‐called viability stains and to develop protocols for more routine assessments of microbial viability. This article provides a commentary and several protocols have been included to ensure that users have a firm basis for attempting these reasonably difficult assays on traditional flow cytometer instruments. What is clear is that each assay must be carefully validated with the particular microorganism of interest before being applied in any research, clinical, or service form. © 2020 The Authors.
A flexible n/2 adversary node resistant and halting recoverable blockchain sharding protocol
Authors: Xu Yibin , Huang Yangyu , Shao Jianhua , Theodorakopoulos George 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBlockchain sharding is a promising approach to solving the dilemma between decentralization and high performance (transaction throughput) for blockchain. The main challenge of blockchain sharding systems is how to reach a decision on a statement among a subgroup (shard) of people while ensuring the whole population recognizes this statement. Namely, the challenge is to prevent an adversary who does not have the majority of nodes globally but have the majority of nodes inside a shard. Most blockchain sharding approaches can only reach a correct consensus inside a shard with at most n/3 evil nodes in a n node system. There is a blockchain sharding approach which can prevent an incorrect decision to be reached when the adversary does not have n/2 nodes globally. However, the system can be stopped from reaching consensus (become deadlocked) if the adversary controls a smaller number of nodes. In this article, we present an improved Blockchain sharding approach that can withstand n/2 adversarial nodes and recover from deadlocks. The recovery is made by dynamically adjusting the number of shards and the shard size. A performance analysis suggests our approach has a high performance (transaction throughput) while requiring little bandwidth for synchronization.