bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AC loss calculation in REBCO coils or stacks by solving the equation of motion for current using an integration approach
Authors: Lai Lingfeng , Gu Chen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The flux motion and its collective behaviour known as AC loss is the basic characteristic of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials and controls the economic efficiency, stability and magnetic field uniformity of superconducting equipment. In so far, we have no method to calculate the AC loss of HTS devices in an efficient way. Normally, it will take days to simulate AC loss of HTS coils even with moderate number of turns. In this paper, we surprisingly found that an integral method is remarkably efficient in calculating AC loss of the coils in large scale. By comparing with the fastest method at present, the integral method is proved to be 4.4 times faster than the present one. We give the calculation details and discuss why this method has an advantage in calculating AC loss of the coil with a large number of turns.
Possible light neutral boson and particle mass quantization *
Authors: Wang Tao-Feng , Li Zi-Ming , Yang Xiao-Ting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Qualities of nucleons, such as the fundamental parameter mass, might be modified in extreme conditions relative to those of isolated nucleons. We show the ratio of the EMC-effect tagged nucleon mass to that of the free one (

); these values are derived from the nuclear structure function ratio between heavy nuclei and deuterium measured in the electron Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) reaction in 0.3

0.7. The increase in

with

is phenomenologically interpreted via the release of a color-singlet cluster formed by sea quarks and gluons in bound nucleons holding high momentum in the nucleus, from which the mass and fraction of non-nucleonic components in nuclei can be deduced. The mass of color-singlet clusters released per short range correlated (SRC) proton in the high momentum region (

2 fm

) is extracted to be 16.890

0.016 MeV/c

, which evidences the possibility of a light neutral boson and quantized mass of matter.
Strongly lensed gravitational waves as probes to test the cosmic distance duality relation *
Authors: Lin Hai-Nan , Li Xin , Tang Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The cosmic distance relation (DDR) associates the angular diameters distance (

) and luminosity distance (

) by a simple formula, i.e.,

. The strongly lensed gravitational waves (GWs) provide a unique way to measure

and

simultaneously to the GW source, hence they can be used as probes to test DDR. In this study, we investigated the use of strongly lensed GW events from the future Einstein Telescope to test DDR. We assumed the possible deviation of DDR as

, and considered two different parametrizations of

, namely,

and

. Numerical simulations showed that, with about 100 strongly lensed GW events observed by ET, the parameter

was constrained at 1.3% and 3% levels for the first and second parametrizations, respectively.
Can embedded knowledge in pollution prevention techniques reduce greenhouse gas emissions? A case of the power generating industry in the United States
Authors: Lee Sangyoul , Bi Xiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Following the well-known public information disclosure program, the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), the United States established the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP), which documents annual direct GHG emissions from major point-source polluters from 2010 onwards. While recorded GHG emissions in the GHGRP have declined over time, few studies have shed light on the mechanism through which such reduction is achieved. This paper empirically examines whether experience in managing toxic pollutants subject to the TRI pre-GHGRP contributed to the decrease in GHG emissions post-GHGRP. We use data from electrical power plants to construct various measures for the magnitude and diversity of knowledge in pollution prevention (P2) pre-GHGRP. Using a difference-in-differences framework with first-differenced panel data, we find that electrical power plants with abundant experience in P2 achieved a greater reduction in GHG emissions by 2.3%–4.8% compared to less-experienced plants post-GHGRP. This suggests that policymakers can leverage a plant’s prior knowledge and experience with P2 techniques to develop targeted strategies to facilitate the transfer of embedded knowledge to other firms and pollutants.
La2O3 nanoparticles formation using Nothopanax scutellarium leaf extract in two-phase system and photocatalytic activity under UV light irradiation
Authors: Mustofa K , Yulizar Y , Saefumillah A , Apriandanu D O B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
La2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) have been formed using Nothopanax scutellarium leaf extract (NSE) and lanthanum precursor in two-phases system (n-hexane/water) with high-speed stirring method. Alkaloids as a secondary metabolite compound in NSE were used as a hydrolyzing agent and the other substances, namely saponin and tannin as a capping agent. All characterizations in this study were undertaken by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis DRS, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. UV-Vis DRS characterization showed that La2O3 NPs has a bandgap value of 5.59 eV. The particle size of La2O3 NPs was around 84.3 nm confirmed by TEM. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was utilized to analyze the photocatalytic activity of La2O3 NPs for the degradation of malachite green (MG) as a modelling of dye. The degradation percentage of MG using La2O3 NPs was 87.32 % for 120 min under UV light irradiation.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of organic corrosion inhibitor based imidazoline-stearic
Authors: Rahayu D U C , Cahyani S , Abdullah I , Nurani D A , Krisnandi Y K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Corrosion often occurs in oil and gas industries’ pipelines indicated by a decrease in quality which is harmful to the industries and environment. To slow down the corrosion rate, a corrosion inhibitor is needed. Organic corrosion inhibitors are more widely used than inorganic ones due to its effectiveness and non-toxic. One of the most widely used organic corrosion inhibitors is imidazolines. In this study, imidazoline-stearic was successfully synthesized from triethylenetetramine (TETA) with various purity grade of stearic acid (SA) using 800 W microwave irradiation at 200 °C for 9 min. The obtained products then were separated by a solvent extraction method and identified using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Moreover, the products had also been characterized using FTIR and UV-Vis spectral data. The ability to inhibit corrosion on carbon steel in 1 % NaCl solution was evaluated to obtain inhibition efficiency (%IE). %IE at 500 ppm of imidazoline-stearic from SA pro analysis, technical, and commercial sample were 84.43 %, 75.42 %, and 84.41 %, respectively. Imidazoline-stearic from SA pro analysis revealed a similar corrosion inhibition activity compared with the commercial. Hence, imidazoline-stearic from SA technical grade demonstrated a promising corrosion inhibitor by using economical fatty acid.
The optical and high-pressure raman scattering study of La(Fe,Mo)0.5O3 ceramics
Authors: Triyono D , Laysandra H , Rafsanjani R A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study was focused on the optical-vibrational analysis and high-pressure Raman-scattering spectroscopy of La(Fe,Mo)0.5O3 ceramics at room temperature. This material was fabricated by using the sol-gel method. The element composition was checked by X-ray Fluorescence confirming the atomic ratio of La, Fe and Mo. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the (Fe/Mo −O) bonding vibration which is typical perovskite structure. The band gap energy investigated by UV-Vis spectra was found to be 2.03 eV. At room temperature, the Raman scattering spectra under high pressure was characterized by the Raman-scattering spectrum in the range of 0.90 to 16.7 GPa. The high-pressure Raman scattering confirmed the structural transition after the pressure surpasses 7.0 GPa. From this phenomena, it well indicates the lattice structure stability is still preserved under 7.0 GPa.
The influence of calcination temperature on the structural properties of La2FeMnO6 double perovskite materials
Authors: Yunida  , Triyono D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The double perovskite compound, La2FeMnO6 (LFMO), has been synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. Rietveld refinement of calcination powder from X-ray data indicates the compound was a single-phase formation of double perovskite with 750 °C and 900 °C calcination temperatures. XRF showed the weight and atomic ratio of the compound are suitable with double perovskite stoichiometric, respectively. The result of structural analysis confirmed that the La2FeMnO6 has a cubic structure with space group Pm-3m at both temperatures. Lattice parameters, volume and crystallite size of the samples become larger as higher calcination temperatures. Raman scattering spectroscopy and FTIR have been used to study the peak vibrational modes and various bond formations of the prepared samples.
Study of La(Fe, Zn)O3 on the structural properties prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Fajriyani F , Triyono D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Partial substitution of other metallic ions at La and/or Fe sites of LaFeO3 had been applied to modify the structural properties and for enhancing the properties of its material. In this present work, we prepared LaFeO3 by replacing a portion of Fe3+ with Zn2+ with x = 0.03; 0.05; and 0.07 to study the effect on the structural which prepared by sol-gel method. The samples were identified by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectroscopy, and Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). XRD pattern showed all of the samples formed in single crystal and are having an orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm. The lattice parameters were found to be slightly increased with the increase of Zn concentration. The result of FTIR spectra and Raman spectra also show further information about the formation of LaFeO3 with the distortion due to the replacement of Zn2+ into Fe3+. The absorbance and reflectance of samples are measured using UV-Vis DRS and the energy band gap of LaFe1-x
Zn
x
O3 ( x = 0.03; 0.05; and 0.07) are determined by Tauc plot using Kubelka-Munk function and was found the energy band gap slightly decreased as the concentration of Zn2+ increased.
Inhibitor effect of PCMB and PMSF towards partially purified product from pineapple core (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) using gel filtration column chromatography method
Authors: Amalia M F , Hudiyono S , Setiasih S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe research aims to isolate, purify, and examine the inhibitors effect of a partially purified product from pineapple core with Palembang type pineapple (Ananas comosus[L.] Merr). The isolation process obtained crude enzymes with specific activity 42.60 Units/mg. Purification of crude enzymes using fractionation method with ammonium sulfate obtained bromelain fraction with the highest specific activity at 0–50 % saturation level of ammonium sulfate, which is 230.22 Units/mg with a purity level of 5.40 times from its crude extract. Further purification of 0–50 % ammonium sulfate fraction by gel filtration chromatography method using DEAE-Sephadex G-50 matrix obtained enzyme with specific activity 275.46 Units/mg with purity level 6.50 times from its crude extract. The optimum substrate concentration was at a concentration of 1.0 % (w/v). The purified bromelain has a Michaelis-Menten (Km) constant value and the maximum speed of the enzymatic reaction (Vmax) i.e. 0.52 % (w/v) and 0.51 Units/min. The proteolytic activity of bromelain is strongly inhibited by PCMB compound and activated by PMSF at 0.1 mM concentration of 67.27 %.
Efficiency and potential synthesis of pyrimido [4,5-d] pyrimidine derivatives by iodine catalyst as antioxidant agent
Authors: Cahyana A H , Liandi A R , Zaky M Z R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pyrimido [4,5-d] pyrimidine is an uracil compound that has similarities to the structure of pteridine and purines and has significant bioactivity. The aim of this research is to synthesize pyrimido [4,5-d] pyrimidine derivatives and test their activity as antioxidant. The reaction was carried out with the support of the iodine catalyst to get an effective reaction. Experimental evidence in support of the formation products was confirmed using FTIR, UV-vis Spectrophotometer, and GC-MS. The results of the analysis produced four pyrimido [4,5-d] pyrimidine derivatives, 5-Styryl-5,8-dihydro-1H,6H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-trione (compound 1), 5-Styryl-7-thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione (compound 2), 5-Phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1H,6H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-trione (compound 3), and 5-Phenyl-7-thioxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione (compound 4). Reaction optimization was conducted by varying reaction time, reaction temperature, amount of catalyst and solvent. The optimum conditions of the reaction were obtained under conditions of 10 % mol of catalyst, temperature 70 °C, for 4 h with a water solvent. Compound 1 has a better activity than 3 other compounds with an IC50 value of 10.11 ppm.
Metal organic frameworks of lanthanum and iron using BDC linker as catalysts for glucose conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)
Authors: Riezzati N , Krisnandi Y K , Zulys A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lanthanum and Iron-Metal Organic Frameworks (La-MOFs, Fe-MOFs) have been successfully synthesized through solvothermal method and applied as catalysts to convert glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). 5-HMF is a very promising energy source which extensively used in chemical industries and polymer materials. MOF is used as source of Lewis and Brønsted acid that can improve the conformation of 5-HMF in glucose transformation. The XRD pattern, surface morphology, chemical composition, absorption spectra, and surface area were characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmelt-Tellers (BET). The specific peaks of La-MOF on XRD pattern corresponded at 2θ = 8° respectively, while Fe-MOF corresponded to MIL-88B structure at 2θ = 9°. SEM analysis of La-MOF and Fe-MOF revealed the catalysts morphology were rod-like and rhombic. The FTIR spectrum of La-MOF showed the broadening peak at 3526 cm−1 for O-H stretching vibrations while Fe-MOF had sharp peak intensity at 749 cm−1 for C-H bending vibrations. The surface area of the La-MOF and Fe-MOF were 107.107 m2/g and 215.435 m2/g, respectively. The activity of La-MOF and Fe-MOF as catalysts was performed in 10 mL vial glass reactor at T = 403 K with varied time from 0–8 h and catalyst loading were varied from 8–12 mg. The product analysis was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in which Fe-MOF showed higher activity giving yield 26.79 % rather than La-MOF with 19.2 % yield of 5-HMF in 6 h reaction time using 10 mg catalyst in DMSO as solvent.
Hierarchical ZSM-5 synthesized from Bangka kaolin and Bayat natural zeolite for methane conversion catalysts
Authors: Faisal M , Abdullah I , Krisnandi Y K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hierarchical ZSM-5 has been successfully synthesized from Bayat natural zeolite as alumina and silica source and Bangka kaolinite as an additional silica source using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and poly(acrylamide-co-dialyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA-M) as a structure and pore directing agent. XRD pattern shows an evidence of MFI (Mordenite Inverted Framework) structure with peaks at 2θ = 8.01°, 8.90° and 23.15°. SEM images show that the surface of as-synthesized zeolite has coffin-like structure, while EDX analysis shows it has a Si/Al molar ratio of 8.77. The N2 isotherm adsorption exhibited a type IV H4 curve, which indicated the material has mesoporosity, although the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis showed the ZSM-5 has a pore size distribution around 1.937 nm, indicated the micropore dominating its pore size. This confirms that the as-synthesized natural ZSM-5 has hierarchical properties. This as-synthesized natural ZSM-5 then was impregnated with Fe2O3 to improve its catalytic activity towards methane conversion reaction. XRD analysis shows an existence of Fe2O3 at 2θ = 41.22°. Both Fe-impregnated synthetic and natural ZSM-5 show a higher percentage of methane conversion (84.825 % and 86.958 %, respectively), but they give a lower percentage yield of formaldehyde (39.973 % and 32.2 %, respectively) than the parent synthetic and natural ZSM-5.
Catalytic conversion of beef tallow with MgO derived from MgCO3 for biofuels production
Authors: Riyadhi A , Yulizar Y , Susanto B H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fuels from biological sources, such as oils and fats, receive much attention. Beef tallow is a cheap and abundant feedstock that can be converted into renewable fuels. Catalytic conversion of beef tallow was accomplished with the MgO catalyst derived from MgCO3. Magnesium oxide catalyst was prepared by calcination of MgCO3 at temperature 700 °C. The catalyst was tested for its performance in a fixed bed reactor at temperature 300 °C for 60 min. Conversion of beef tallow to hydrocarbons biofuels was studied. The MgO catalyst was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms (BET), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The assay activity of MgO shows all fatty acids derived from beef tallow have converted into liquid and gas fraction with a black paste residue that has a boiling point of more than 300 °C. The results of the liquid fraction composition depend on the ratio of the given MgO catalyst. At the ratio of MgO catalysts and feeds 2 wt.%, the results of liquid fraction contain the alkanes (45.61%), alkenes (4.12%), alcohols (3.96%), ketones (8.55 %), esters (23.42 %), and cyclic compounds (14.34 %), while at the ratio of 4 wt.%, the liquid fraction contains the alkanes (55.56 %), alkenes (8.94 %), alcohols (5.27 %), ketones (13.73 %) and cyclic compounds (16.50 %).
Simulation of critical temperature of FeTe, FeSe and FeTe0.5Se0.5 using equation McMillan
Authors: Asmarakusuma D P U , Suyanto D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study uses simulation to produce the critical temperature of FeTe, FeSe, and FeTe0.5Se0.5 superconductors using McMillan equation which show shifts in λ (electron-phonon coupling strength), ωlog (logarithmic average of phonon frequency), and Density of States (DOS) at the Fermi level compared to its composing elements. Comparison of critical temperatures shows that Fe mixed with Se and/or Te experience some changes that could possibly increase of the critical temperature.
The Effect of leaf surface character on the ability of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. to transpire water
Authors: Maylani E D , Yuniati R , Wardhana W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of leaf surface character on the ability of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) to transpire water. This experiment was performed using a healthy and acclimatized water hyacinth collected from Sawangan, Depok area. Five individual plants with the same size (6 leaves per plant), leaf length (10.4 ± 0.8 cm), leaf width (7.8 ± 0.7 cm) and root length (24.8 ± 7.4 cm) were put in each 20 L plastic tank containing tap water and allowed to grow in a greenhouse for six days. The transpiration rate of each plant was measured using a weighing method every day. The number of stomata, stomatal density and stomatal index were measured; amount of water loss from the individual plant through transpiration was analyzed. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the lowest leaf surface area is correlated with the number of stomatal and transpiration rates in the individual measured plants.
Reduction of curcuminoid extract from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes and its antibacterial activities
Authors: Dewi S Q , Saepudin E , Rahayu D U C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Curcuminoid is an active compound of turmeric rhizomes commonly used as yellow pigment. In some cases, the presence of pigment in beauty product is not desirable due to its aesthetics effect. In this study, yellow color removal of curcuminoid was carried out by two steps hydrogenation, i.e. using LiAlH4 followed by Pd-C catalyst to form dihydrocurcuminol and hexahydrocurcuminol derivatives, respectively. Dihydrocurcuminol derivatives had successfully synthesized by observing a wavelength shift from 419 to 428 nm in UV-Vis spectra and FTIR spectra also showed a reduction intensity of the carbonyl groups at 1600 cm−1. Moreover, hexahydrocurcuminol derivatives were identified at 283 nm in UV-Vis spectra while in FTIR spectra showed an absorption band of C-H sp3 at 2942 cm−1. Curcuminoid and hexahydrocurcuminol derivatives were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Staphyloccocus aureus with 2 and 2.5 mm and Fusobacterium nucleatum with 4 and 2.75 mm inhibitory zone diameter, respectively. It can be concluded that curcuminoid and hexahydrocurcuminol derivatives had a weak antibacterial activity against both bacteria tests.
Antibacterial activity of curcuminoid derivatives resulted from hydrogenation reaction with Pd-C catalyst from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes extract
Authors: Sudewo L D , Saepudin E , Rahayu D U C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is one of the most commonly used plants for traditional medicine especially for antibacterial activity. However, because of its color, it is necessary to conduct a transformation reaction that can change the color of curcuminoid into colorless but still have antibacterial activity. The aim of this research was to analyze the antibacterial activity of tetrahydrocurcuminoid, derived from hydrogenation of curcuminoid isolated from turmeric extract towards Staphylococcus aureus and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Hydrogenation reaction was carried out using H2 gas with Pd-C catalyst to remove the conjugated double bond in curcuminoid to form tetrahydrocurcuminoid. Tetrahydrocurcuminoid then was purified by using silica gel column chromatography and characterized using UV-Vis and FTIR spectral data. Antibacterial activity of curcuminoid and tetrahydrocurcuminoid were tested against S. aureus and F. nucleatum using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity showed that tetrahydrocurcuminoid had a better antibacterial activity against S. aureus and F. nucleatum with average diameter of clear zone were 5.5 and 2.75 mm, respectively, than curcuminoid with 2 and 2.5 mm, respectively.