bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-108 Differential Change in Eye Movement Performance Among Male Collegiate Athletes With Variable Exposure to Head Impacts
Authors: V Gallagher , P Murthy , J Stocks , T Karpouzian Rogers , B Vesci , J Mjaanes , Y Chen , H Breiter , C Labella , A Herrold , J Reilly 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the use of eye movement testing to detect change in cognitive and sensorimotor processing among male club collegiate athletes following a season of participation in collision sports of variable exposure. We predicted that collision sport athletes (COLL) exposed to subconcussive head trauma would demonstrate longer reaction times (latency) on saccadic eye movement tasks with executive demands (antisaccade and memory-guided saccade [MGS] tasks), greater antisaccade inhibitory errors, and poorer MGS accuracy, a measure of spatial working memory, from pre-season to post-season, whereas non-collision sport athletes (NON-COLL) would demonstrate stability overtime. We predicted that longitudinal change in eye movement performance would be greater than change observed on ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test).

Method
Collegiate club athletes with variable exposure to contact sports participation [COLL-High Dose, n = 8; COLL-Low Dose, n = 9; NON-COLL, n = 17] completed eye movement and ImPACT assessments pre-season and post-season.

Results
NON-COLL demonstrated shorter post-season versus pre-season antisaccade and MGS latencies, whereas COLL groups showed stable, longer, or more attenuated (relative to NON-COLL) shorter latencies (ps ≤ .001). NON-COLL demonstrated improved MGS spatial accuracy over the season, whereas COLL groups showed poorer or stable accuracy (ps &lt; .05). No differential change was observed in pre-season to post-season ImPACT performance among groups.

Conclusions
This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the use of eye movement testing as a sensitive marker of subtle changes in attentional control and working memory resulting from participation in collision sports.
A-115 Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in Adolescent Patients Following Concussion
Authors: A Feder , A Kissinger-Knox , S Eagle , B Gillie , A Kontos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The present study sought to examine specific predictors and factors associated with depressive symptoms at initial(V1) and subsequent(V2) visits following concussion in adolescents.

Methods
This study enrolled adolescents aged 10–18 (14.5 ± 2.2 years) within 30 days of a diagnosed concussion. Patients completed Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-Short-Child Report (MFQC), Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), neurocognitive testing(ImPACT), and Vestibular-Ocular Motor Screening. Logistic regression (LR) analyses evaluated risk factors and clinical presentation as predictors of post-injury MFQP scores above a cutpoint of 8.

Results
Participants included 113 adolescents (50.4% male; 77% sport-related) who presented for V1 8.9 ± 6.2 days post-injury and V2 18.43 ± 11.9 days after V1. Overall, 5.3% reported pre-injury depression and 15.8% reported post-injury depressive symptoms above clinical cutoff on the MFQC. The LR model predicting increased depressive symptoms at V1 was significant (R2 = 45.0%, p = .007), supporting post-traumatic amnesia(PTA; OR = 3.15, 1.01–9.88) as a predictor. The LR model predicting depressive symptoms at V2 was significant (R2 = 62.2%, p = .021), supporting history of depression(OR = 25.5, 3.86–168.2) as the only significant predictor. Those scoring above 8 on the MFQC at V1 were more likely to have a prolonged recovery(over 30 days; OR = 10.4, 1.29–83.6).

Conclussions
The primary findings indicated that PTA was associated with increased depressive symptoms earlier, whereas a history of depression was associated with increase depressive symptoms later following concussion. Patients scoring higher on depressive symptoms were 10 times more likely to have a prolonged recovery. Together, these findings highlight the importance of evaluating depressive symptoms and factors that are associated with these symptoms to inform prognosis and earlier treatment for depressive symptoms following concussion.
A-120 Practice Effects on Repeat Neuropsychological Assessment of Adults with Chronic Severe TBI
Authors: D Stepien , D Huber , M Samples , S West 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study examined whether practice effects caused by repeated exposure to test materials during serial assessment significantly impacts the performance of adults with chronic severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), given the severe memory impairment typical of this population. This study sought to describe the pattern of practice effects on repeat neuropsychological testing for this population. It was hypothesized that practice effects would be diminished for individuals with chronic sTBI.

Method
This study utilized longitudinal archival data collected as part of an annual neuropsychological assessment battery administered to 43 individuals receiving post-acute rehabilitation services at a structured multisite day treatment program. Each participant was tested at two time points which differed by an average of 13 months. The battery consisted of the Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS), Trail Making Test (TMT), Brief Mood Survey, Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Screening Module (NAB-SN), and Judgment subtest from the NAB Executive Functions Module (NAB Judgment).

Results
Practice effects were determined based on reliable improvement (p &lt; .05) in scores across test administrations. A Reliable Change Index (RCI) was calculated for each test based on the method proposed by Jacobson and Truax (1991). Results revealed reliable improvements in performance for the NAB-SN Attention domain (RCI = 3.69), NAB Judgment subtest (RCI = 10.14), and TFLS Total Score (RCI = 4.38).

Conclusion
This study indicates that adults with chronic sTBI demonstrate significant practice effects primarily on measures associated with functional living skills. These findings suggest that repeat testing in this population may be less susceptible to the influence of practice effects.
A-122 Intra-Individual Variability in Traumatic Brain Injury and Questionable Performance Validity
Authors: J Davis , C Mullen , N Kurniadi , K Kitchen Andren , S Rolin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Intra-individual variability (IIV) has been associated with cognitive dysfunction and traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity. This study examined IIV in physical medicine and rehabilitation patients grouped by TBI severity and performance validity.

Method
Participants (N = 213) were 32% female and 90% white with average age and education of 42 (SD = 13) and 14 (SD = 2) years, respectively. Participants completed an outpatient evaluation using a flexible battery of up to 33 common neuropsychological measures. Participants were grouped by TBI severity and validity: mild (32%), moderate (14%), severe (32%), and questionable performance validity (QPV; 22%). QPV was determined on the basis of embedded and freestanding validity measures. Test battery scores were converted to T scores. Cases with four or more scores below 36 T were identified as impaired. Measures of IIV were calculated including overall test battery mean (OTBM), test battery standard deviation (SD), kurtosis, skew, range, and unbiased coefficient of variation (UCV). IIV measures were compared across groups.

Results
Groups were significantly different in OTBM (p &lt; .001), kurtosis (p &lt; .03), and UCV (p &lt; .001). In valid cases, TBI severity was associated with OTBM (rho = −.31), SD (.19), kurtosis (−.16), and UCV (.33). Impaired and unimpaired cases were significantly different in OTBM (p &lt; .001), SD (p &lt; .001), range (p &lt; .01), and UCV (p &lt; .001). QPV cases were similar to impaired cases on measures of IIV.

Conclusions
IIV measures have potential clinical utility in characterizing cognitive deficits in TBI and warrant further study.
A-131 Clinical Utility of the Child & Adolescent Memory Profile in Children with TBI
Authors: J Donders , K Wilson , S Lesica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the sensitivity of The Child and Adolescent Memory Profile (ChAMP), a relatively new test of learning and memory, to traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method
The ChAMP was administered to 61 6–16 year-old children with TBI within 1–12 months post injury. The sample was 64% male and 75% Caucasian, with a median parental level of education of 13 years. Twenty-nine children had uncomplicated mild TBI whereas 32 children had either intracranial lesions on neuroimaging or coma of at least 24 hrs, or both. The findings from the complete TBI group were compared to those from a demographically matched control group, obtained from the ChAMP standardization sample.

Results
Within the TBI group, the Visual Memory, Immediate Memory, Total Memory and Screening Index scores all demonstrated statistically significant correlations with length of coma. After applying a Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment to correct for the effect of multiple comparisons, the performance of the matched control group was still statistically significantly better than that of the children with TBI on all of the ChAMP Index scores. Effect sizes ranged from small to medium. At the subtest level, Places and Places Delayed showed the greatest group differences.

Conclusion
These findings supported the clinical utility of the ChAMP in the evaluation of learning and memory in children with TBI.
A-134 A Comparison Between English-Speaking and Mandarin-Speaking Adolescent Student Athletes on Baseline Preseason ImPACT® Neurocognitive Performances and Symptom Reporting
Authors: G Iverson , J Karr , Y Hong , C Yang , B Maxwell , P Berkner 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Student athletes commonly complete baseline preseason assessments of neurocognitive performances and symptom reporting using ImPACT®. Some past researchers have examined differences in performances and symptoms based on language of administration and racial/ethnic identity. This study examines differences between Mandarin-speaking and English-speaking student athletes on ImPACT® at preseason assessments.

Method
Participants included 252 adolescent student athletes who completed preseason baseline ImPACT® testing in Mandarin and 252 participants who completed testing in English, matched on age, gender, and health and academic history. These groups were compared on neurocognitive composite scores and symptom ratings.

Results
Mandarin-speaking athletes performed modestly better on one of five neurocognitive composite scores (Visual Motor Speed, p &lt; .001, d = .37). Language groups did not differ in total symptom severity, but Mandarin-speaking boys endorsed multiple physical symptoms at higher rates than English-speaking boys.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the current ImPACT® neurocognitive normative data are reasonably appropriate for use with Mandarin-speaking adolescents. When back translated, a few Mandarin-language symptoms were not semantically equivalent to their corresponding English-language symptoms, but no group differences were observed for these symptoms. Modest language group differences were observed in physical symptom reporting, more so in boys than girls. Individuals of Asian descent are more likely to express their mental health concerns in somatic terms, and greater physical symptoms in Mandarin-speaking boys could correspond to an expression of psychological distress. Clinicians should be mindful of psychological functioning at baseline testing and post-concussion evaluations because students who do not identify with the dominant culture of their sporting environment might experience acculturative stress.
A-136 Effect of Language Ability on Processing Speed in TBI
Authors: D Ream , P Fernandes , I Tourgeman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are not uniformly represented across monolinguals and bilinguals. Processing speed is often impacted as a result of a TBI. The objective of this study is to examine how processing speed is influenced by linguistic abilities after sustaining a TBI. Hypothesis: bilinguals will perform better than monolinguals on measures of processing speed.

Method
A total of 89 subjects, 36 monolinguals with a mean age of 37.83 (SD = 13.25) and 53 bilinguals with a mean age of 37.74 (SD = 13.53) were grouped based on language ability and performance was compared on the Trail Making Test, Part-A (TMT-A), Processing Speed Index (PSI) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (WAIS-IV), and the Symbol Search (SS) and Coding (CD) subtests of the PSI.

Results
An independent samples t-test revealed a significant different between bilinguals and monolinguals on TMT-A [t (87) = .154, p = .003], CD subtest [t (87) = −.823, p = .008], and PSI [t (87) = −2.10, p = .014]. There was not a significant difference observed on the SS subtest [t (87) = −2.71, p = .364].

Conclusion
This study revealed that bilinguals demonstrated better performance on measures that emphasize scanning, cognitive flexibility, sequencing abilities, and visual–spatial functioning. These data suggest that bilinguals perform at an average level while monolinguals perform on a low average level regarding processing speed after sustaining a TBI.
A-139 Knowledge of Concussion is Determined by Concussion Education but not Prior Concussion or Participation in Contact Sport
Authors: S Kinmond , K Sullivan , K Singaravelu Jaganathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
In order to prevent concussion and promote help-seeking behaviour, this study sought to establish baseline concussion knowledge scores in the general population and to better understand the factors that influence variations in these scores.

Data Selection
Participants were (N = 223) individuals over the age of 18 years (M = 35.21, SD = 14.31) recruited from the general population via an online questionnaire. Designed to measure knowledge of concussion, the questionnaire contained demographics, grouping variables (previous concussion education, n = 74; history of concussion, n = 72; and participation in contact sport, n = 36), and 37-items from the Concussion Knowledge Index (CKI) of the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS).

Results
Concussion knowledge was higher than expected with 79.12% of participants responding correctly to CKI items. Group comparisons found individuals with prior concussion education to be significantly higher than individuals without U = 4382.50, z = −2.526, p = .01 (two-tailed), the effect was small r = .21. There was no difference in knowledge scores for gender, participants with a history of concussion or those who participate in contact sport.

Conclusion
When compared to similar studies sampling contact sports players, concussion knowledge was higher than expected. High-risk groups within the study (history of concussion and contact sport) were similarly informed than the general population. Further research is needed to understand whether higher knowledge translates to increased injury reporting and safer behaviour.
A-141 An Inclusive Recruitment Strategy Can Help to Improve mTBI Research
Authors: K Singaravelu Jaganathan , K Sullivan , J Greenslade , A Lyrstedt , G Mitchell ,   Research Team t
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Participant recruitment for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) research is challenging due to confounding factors and other documented selection biases. The strict application of typical inclusion and exclusion criteria has raised questions about the generalizability of mTBI research. This study explored the effect of applying commonly employed selection criteria on eligibility for mTBI research.

Method
Between July and October 2019, a trained research nurse performed a weekly review of a tertiary hospital emergency department treatment registry. Three hundred and eight cases coded as “minor head injury” were identified (Mage = 43.7, SDage = 25.6). The case records underwent formal data extraction. Extracted clinical and demographic data were mapped against commonly applied mTBI research selection parameters. The presence of persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) was established via telephone administration of the Rivermead Postconcussion Symptom Questionnaire, 7–19 days post injury.

Results
Analysis revealed that 23% of patients met the World Health Organization operational definition of an mTBI. The failure to meet this criterion was primarily due to missing or incomplete information for post-traumatic amnesia. The application of exclusion criteria left just 5.5% of the initial pool eligible for mTBI research. Of these participants, ongoing PPCS could not be established in any individuals.

Conclusion
Participant recruitment for mTBI research could be improved by establishing a dedicated patient management system that streamlines and augments the quality of vital clinical data. An inclusive recruitment strategy that handles patient heterogeneity using statistical methods as opposed to exclusion from research could enhance the generalisability of mTBI research.
A-142 Examining the Impact of the Recent New Dot Counting Test Cut-Off Score in Bilingualism and Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors
Authors: N Graub , D Lopez-Hernandez , P Litvin , R Rugh-Fraser , H Rad , S Saravia , A Bichlmeier , W Olmos , M Lee , S Fatoorechi , A Bueno , A Arzuyan , D Budding , P Vespa , D Hovda , D Mcarthur , D Plurad , J Fuster , E Woo , D Hardy , K Boone , M Wright 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
McCaul et al. (2018) recently revised the Dot Counting Test (DCT) cut-off score from ≥17 to 13.80; we evaluated the new cut-off in monolingual and bilingual traumatic brain injury survivors (TBIS) and healthy comparison participants (HCP).

Method
The sample consisted of 43 acute TBI [ATBI; 23 English monolinguals (EM); 11 English first language bilinguals (EFLB); and 9 English second language bilinguals (ESLB)]; 30 chronic TBI (CTBI; 13 EM; 9 EFLB; 8 ESLB), and 56 HCP (23 EM; 11 EFLB; 22 ESLB).

Results
An ANCOVA, controlling for age and education, revealed an interaction where ATBI-EFLB had higher E-scores than the other groups and the CTBI-EFLB had lower E-scores than the other groups. Both the conventional and proposed new cut-off (PNC) scores had different failure rates in ATBI (conventional cut-off: 9%; PNC: 28%), CTBI (conventional cut-off: 10%; PNC: 20%), and HCP (conventional cut-off: 11%; PNC: 13%). For language groups, EM (conventional cut-off: 14%; PNC: 22%), EFLB (conventional cut-off: 10%; PNC: 26%), and ESLB (conventional cut-off: 5%; PNC: 10%) demonstrated different failure rates across cut-off scores. Group differences were found with McCaul et al. (2018) cut-off, but not the conventional cut-off score. Also, chi-squared analysis revealed ATBI EFLB and EM had greater failure rates than ATBI ESLB.

Conclusion
Unfortunately, the new DCT cut-off score resulted in greater failure rates in TBIS. Furthermore, ATBI EM and EFLB were impacted more by the new cut offs than ATBI ESLB who learned English later in life, although the reason for this finding is unclear and requires additional study.
A-150 Motor Sequencing Training Improved Executive Abilities in a Boy with Rolandic Epilepsy
Authors: N Kiseleva , S Kiselev 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
It is known that children with epilepsy can have deficit in neurocognitive abilities. It is of great significance to receive the evidence for efficiency of different treatments that are aimed to help children with epilepsy. The goal of this study was to reveal the impact of 12 weeks of motor sequencing training on the executive abilities in a child with Rolandic epilepsy.

Methods
The child is 7 year old boy. The neuropsychological assessment of child has revealed the mild deficit in executive abilities. Child participated in 12 weeks of motor sequencing training. A total of 36 therapy sessions lasting 50 minutes were performed.This therapy trains the child to plan, sequence and process information more effectively through repetition of goal-directed movements. This programme is built on the conceptual framework derived from the work of Luria’s theory of restoration of neurocognitive functions (Luria, 1963, 1974).

Results
Neuropsychological assessment (NEPSY) of child after the intervention period has revealed apparent progress in performance of 4 subtests which are designed to assess executive abilities and attention (Tower, Auditory Attention and Response Set, Visual Attention, Statue).

Conclusion
According to result of this case report it can be assumed that motor sequencing training can be used as a prospective treatment approach for development of executive abilities in children with Rolandic epilepsy.
A-151 Boy with Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Right Fronto-Parieto-Temporal Area Benefited from Visuospatial Training
Authors: S Kiselev 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
It is known that stroke has a devastating power for the future of child. The aim of this study is to describe the visuospatial training findings of a child with hemorrhagic stroke in the right fronto-parieto-temporal area, showing the progress after 8 months of therapy initiated early after acquired neurological injury.

Method
Boy of 8 years suffered a sudden illness and was referred to the emergency hospital and diagnosed with hemorrhagic stroke in the right fronto-parieto-temporal area. Surgical procedures were performed. At the time of hospital discharge, there was guidance about the need for therapy care. Neuropsychological assessment revealed the severe deficit in visuospatial abilities in this child. A total of 62 visuospatial training sessions lasting 50 minutes were performed for 8 months. This therapy trains the child to do different visuospatial exercises both on motor and cognitive level. This training is built on the conceptual framework derived from the work of Luria’s theory of restoration of neurocognitive functions (Luria, 1963, 1974).

Results
Neuropsychological assessment of child has revealed apparent progress in performance of 4 subtests which are designed to assess visuospatial abilities (copying of a table, mental rotation task, Head subtest, reconstruction of 3-dimensional designs).

Conclusion
According to result of this case report it can be assumed that visuospatial training can be used as a prospective treatment approach for children with stroke which case deficit in the visuospatial abilities.