bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Dipyridamole Decreases Gut Mucosal Regulatory T-Cell Frequencies Among People With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Mallarino-Haeger Christina , Abebe Kaleab Z. , Jackson Edwin K. , Zyhowski Ashley , Klamar-Blain Cynthia , Cyktor Joshua C , Comer Diane , Brand Rhonda M. , Gillespie Delbert G. , Holleran Kyle , Mellors John W. , McGowan Ian , Riddler Sharon A. , Macatangay Bernard J.C. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
We had previously conducted a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled, partial cross-over trial showing that 12 weeks of dipyridamole decreased CD8+ T-cell activation among treated HIV(+) individuals by increasing extracellular adenosine levels.

Methods:
In this substudy, rectosigmoid biopsies were obtained from 18 participants (9 per arm), to determine whether 12 weeks of dipyridamole affects mucosal immune cells. Participants randomized to placebo were then switched to dipyridamole for 12 weeks while the treatment arm continued dipyridamole for another 12 weeks. We evaluated T-cell frequencies and plasma markers of microbial translocation and intestinal epithelial integrity. Linear regression models on log-transformed outcomes were used for the primary 12-week analysis.

Results:
Participants receiving dipyridamole had a median 70.2% decrease from baseline in regulatory T cells (P = 0.007) and an 11.3% increase in CD8+ T cells (P = 0.05). There was a nonsignificant 10.80% decrease in plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels in the dipyridamole arm compared with a 9.51% increase in the placebo arm. There were no significant differences in plasma levels of β-d-glucan. In pooled analyses, there continued to be a significant decrease in regulatory T cells (−44%; P = 0.004). There was also a trend for decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation.

Conclusion:
Increasing extracellular adenosine levels using dipyridamole in virally suppressed HIV (+) individuals on antiretroviral therapy can affect regulation of gut mucosal immunity.
Methotrexate Decreases Tenofovir Exposure in Antiretroviral-Suppressed Individuals Living With HIV
Authors: Gingrich David , Deitchman Amelia N. , Kantor Amy , Huang Liusheng , Stein James H. , Currier Judith S. , Hsue Priscilla Y. , Ribaudo Heather J. , Aweeka Francesca T. ,   the ACTG 5314 Protocol Team
Published: November 2020

Background:
To mitigate increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease in antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressed adults living with HIV (PWH), low-dose methotrexate (LDMTX) was evaluated in a multicenter randomized placebo controlled clinical trial of 176 PWH taking various ART regimens (ACTG A5314). Given shared methotrexate (MTX) and tenofovir (TFV) pharmacokinetic (PK) pathways, a substudy was conducted to investigate whether LDMTX alters TFV exposure.

Methods:
Adults virally suppressed on ART for >24 weeks were randomized to LDMTX or placebo. The first 66 participants taking a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-containing regimen underwent intensive PK sampling over 24 hours after the second dose of LDMTX 10 mg or placebo. TFV and MTX levels were quantified using validated mass spectrometry methods. TFV PK between LDMTX and placebo groups were compared and MTX PK was characterized.

Results:
Forty-eight participants completed this substudy (n = 20 on LDMTX and 28 on placebo). Baseline characteristics were balanced except for protease inhibitor (PI)-use (25% in LDMTX and 43% in placebo groups). For TFV, AUC6 (primary endpoint), and AUC24,imputed, Cmax, and Cmin (secondary endpoints) were on average 22%, and 24%, 27%, and 31% less in the LDMTX versus placebo groups, with reductions in secondary endpoints reaching statistical significance. Additional analyses suggested a greater reduction in the absence of PI although not significant.

Conclusion:
Lower TFV AUC24,imputed and Cmax indicates that LDMTX reduces TFV exposure in PWH. However, this change was modest, not warranting a change in TFV dosing at this time. Further studies of TFV PK with LDMTX, especially without PI co-administration, are warranted.
Neuron-gated silicon nanowire field effect transistors to follow single spike propagation within neuronal network
Authors: Delacour C. , Veliev F. , Crozes T. , Bres G. , Minet J. , Becq G. , Ionica I. , Ernst T. , Briançon-Marjollet A. , Albrieux M. , Villard C. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTSilicon nanowire field effect transistors SiNW-FETs provide a local probe for sensing neuronal activity at the subcellular scale, thanks to their nanometer size and ultrahigh sensitivity. The combination with micro-patterning or microfluidic techniques to build model neurons networks above SiNW arrays could allow monitoring spike propagation and tailor specific stimulations, being useful to investigate network communications at multiple scales, such as plasticity or computing processes. This versatile device could be useful in many research areas, including diagnosis, prosthesis, and health security. Using top-down silicon nanowires-based array, we show here the ability to record electrical signals from matured neurons with top-down silicon nanowires, such as local field potential and unitary spike within ex-vivo preparations and hippocampal neurons grown on chip respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability to guide neurites above the sensors array during 3 weeks of cultures and follow propagation of spikes along cells. Silicon nanowire field effect transistors are obtained by top-down approach with CMOS compatible technology, showing the possibility to implement them at manufacturing level. These results confirm further the potentiality of the approach to follow spike propagation over large distances and at precise location along neuronal cells, by providing a multiscale addressing at the nano and mesoscales.
Modeling Combined Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging: Simulations aiding Device Development and Deep Learning
Authors: Agrawal Sumit , Dangi Ajay , Kothapalli Sri-Rajasekhar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCombined ultrasound and photoacoustic (USPA) imaging has attracted several clinical applications due to its ability to simultaneously display structural and molecular information of deep biological tissue in real time. However, the depth dependent optical attenuation and the unknown optical and acoustic heterogeneities, limit the USPA imaging performance, especially from deeper tissue regions. Novel instrumentation, image reconstruction and deep learning methods are currently being explored to improve the USPA image quality. Effective implementation of these approaches requires a reliable USPA simulation tool capable of generating US based anatomical and PA based molecular information. Here, we developed a hybrid USPA simulation platform by integrating finite element models of light and ultrasound propagation. The feasibility of modeling US combined with optical fluence dependent multispectral PA imaging is demonstrated using in silico homogeneous and heterogeneous prostate tissue. The platform allows optimization of device design parameters, such as the aperture size and frequency of light source and ultrasound detector arrays. In addition, the potential of this simulation platform to generative massive USPA datasets aiding the data driven deep-learning enhanced USPA imaging has been validated using both simulations and experiments.
ExHuMId: A curated resource and analysis of Exposome of Human Milk across India
Authors: Karthikeyan Bagavathy Shanmugam , Ravichandran Janani , Aparna S. R. , Samal Areejit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman milk is a vital source of nourishment for infants, containing nutrients, immunoprotective components, and bioactive substances. However, several environmental contaminants find their way into human milk. Although lactation physiology has been well documented, the effect of human milk contaminants on maternal and infant health remains unclear. Human milk is the major route of contaminant exposure to infants; these contaminants and their effects can themselves be considered an exposome. While there are chemical regulations in India and scientific literature on environmental contaminants is available, yet there is a lack of systematic compilation, monitoring, and risk management of human milk contaminants. We have harnessed the potential of this large body of literature to develop theExposome ofHumanMilk acrossIndia (ExHuMId) containing detailed information on 101 environmental contaminants detected in human milk samples, studied across 13 Indian states, compiled from 36 research articles. ExHuMId also compiles the detected concentrations of the contaminants, structural and physicochemical properties, and factors associated with the donor of the sample. Here, we also present findings from a three-pronged analysis of ExHuMId and two other resources on human milk contaminants, with a focus on the Indian scenario. Through a comparative analysis with global chemical regulations and guidelines, we identify human milk contaminants of high concern, such as potential carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and neurotoxins. We then study the physicochemical properties of the contaminants to gain insights on their propensity to transfer into human milk. Further, we employ a systems biology approach to shed light on potential effects of human milk contaminants on maternal and infant health, by identifying contaminant-gene interactions associated with lactation, cytokine signalling and production, and protein-mediated transport. ExHuMId is accessible online at:https://cb.imsc.res.in/exhumid/.
Invariant Odor Recognition with ON-OFF Neural Ensembles
Authors: Nizampatnam Srinath , Zhang Lijun , Chandak Rishabh , Katta Nalin , Raman Barani 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTInvariant recognition of a stimulus is a challenging pattern-recognition problem that must be dealt with by all sensory systems. Since neural responses evoked by a stimulus could be perturbed in a multitude of ways, could a single scheme be devised to achieve this computational capability? We examined this issue in locust olfactory system. We found that odor-evoked responses in individual projection neurons in the locust antennal lobe varied unpredictably with repetition, stimulus dynamics, stimulus history, presence of background odorants, and changes in ambient conditions. Yet, a highly-constrained Bayesian logistic regression approach with ternary weights could provide robust odor recognition. We found that this approach could be further simplified: sum firing rates of ON neurons and subtract total activity in OFF neurons (‘ON minus OFF’ classifier). Notably, we found that this approach could be generalized to develop a Boolean neural network that can perform well in a non-olfactory pattern recognition task.
Mitotic interhomolog recombination drives genomic diversity in diatoms
Authors: Bulánková Petra , Sekulić Mirna , Jallet Denis , Nef Charlotte , Delmont Tom , van Oosterhout Cock , Vercauteren Ilse , Osuna-Cruz Cristina Maria , Vancaester Emmelien , Mock Thomas , Sabbe Koen , Daboussi Fayza , Bowler Chris , Vyverman Wim , Vandepoele Klaas , De Veylder Lieven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiatoms, an evolutionarily successful group of microalgae, display high levels of intraspecific variability in natural populations. However, the process generating such diversity is unknown. Here we estimated the variability within a natural diatom population and subsequently mapped the genomic changes arising within cultures clonally propagated from single diatom cells. We demonstrate that genome rearrangements and mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes underlie clonal variability, resulting in haplotype diversity accompanied by the appearance of novel protein variants and loss of heterozygosity resulting in the fixation of alleles. The frequency of interhomolog mitotic recombination exceeds 4 out of 100 cell divisions and increases under environmental stress. We propose that this plastic response in the interhomolog mitotic recombination rate increases the evolutionary potential of diatoms, contributing to their ecological success.One Sentence SummaryRecombination between homologous chromosomes in diatom vegetative cells leads to extensive genomic diversity in clonal populations.
Genomic Insights into the Demographic History of Southern Chinese
Authors: Huang Xiufeng , Xia Zi-Yang , Bin Xiaoyun , He Guanglin , Guo Jianxin , Lin Chaowen , Yin Lianfei , Zhao Jing , Ma Zhuofei , Ma Fuwei , Li Yingxiang , Hu Rong , Wei Lan-Hai , Wang Chuan-Chao 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTSouthern China is the birthplace of rice-cultivating agriculture, different language families, and human migrations that facilitated these cultural diffusions. The fine-scale demographic historyin situ, however, remains unclear. To comprehensively cover the genetic diversity in East and Southeast Asia, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 211 present-day Southern Chinese and co-analyzed them with more than 1,200 ancient and modern genomes. We discover that the previously described ‘Southern East Asian’ or ‘Yangtze River Farmer’ lineage is monophyletic but not homogeneous, comprising four regionally differentiated sub-ancestries. These ancestries are respectively responsible for the transmission of Austronesian, Kra-Dai, Hmong-Mien, and Austroasiatic languages and their original homelands successively distributed from East to West in Southern China. Multiple phylogenetic analyses support that the earliest living branching among East Asian-related populations is First Americans (∼27,700 BP), followed by the pre-LGM differentiation between Northern and Southern East Asians (∼23,400 BP) and the pre-Neolithic split between Coastal and Inland Southern East Asians (∼16,400 BP). In North China, distinct coastal and inland routes of south-to-north gene flow had established by the Holocene, and further migration and admixture formed the genetic profile of Sinitic speakers by ∼4,000 BP. Four subsequent massive migrations finalized the complete genetic structure of present-day Southern Chinese. First, a southward Sinitic migration and the admixture with Kra-Dai speakers formed the ‘Sinitic Cline’. Second, a bi-directional admixture between Hmong-Mien and Kra-Dai speakers gave rise to the ‘Hmong-Mien Cline’ in the interior of South China between ∼2,000 and ∼1,000 BP. Third, a southwestward migration of Kra-Dai speakers in recent ∼2,000 years impacted the genetic profile for the majority of Mainland Southeast Asians. Finally, an admixture between Tibeto-Burman incomers and indigenous Austroasiatic speakers formed the Tibeto-Burman speakers in Southeast Asia by ∼2,000 BP.
The markets' evaluation triangle
Authors: Katselidis Ioannis , Daflos George , Fetanis Stelios 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe main goal of this paper is to provide us with a more systematic framework for examining the moral background of markets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper makes an attempt to put forward a way of market evaluation relying upon the three major moral theories of utilitarianism, deontology (Kantianism) and virtue ethics. Specifically, by using these three basic pillars, an “evaluation triangle” is constructed in order to examine various crucial moral aspects of markets' functioning.FindingsThe paper examines some significant distortions with respect to the three above-mentioned triangle's sides, using also examples from the real world. The paper also discusses the main findings from the previous analysis, stressing also emphasis on some crucial factors with respect to the triangle's functioning, such as the role of culture and time.Originality/valueMainstream economic theory, with a very few exceptions, does not acknowledge the interwovenness of economic behavior and morality, adopting the fact/value dichotomy underlying modern science. Accordingly, most economists usually avoid answering questions concerning ethical topics. The market system, however, has a direct effect on our everyday lives, so it is crucial that a systematic method of moral assessment can be proposed. Thus, this paper seeks to promote the dialogue with respect to the interconnection between economic and moral issues.
Men’s psychological and functional changes during parental transition: a review study
Authors: Samadaee Gelehkolaee Keshvar , Geranmayeh Mehrnaz , Behboodi Moghadam Zahra , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Zareiyan Armin , Sanaati Fovziye 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTransition to parenthood (TTP) is a major life event that affects all aspects of one’s psychosocial function. Similar to their partners, men experience a lot of psychological changes during the TTP process. As there are a few studies on this subject, so the purpose of this study is to review previous studies on psychological and functional changes in men during TTP.Design/methodology/approachThis is a review study that reports the findings from a review of previous studies on psychological and functional changes in men during TTP. This study searched from the electronic database between articles published in between 2005–20.FindingsThis study was carried out in five stages: framing research questions; searching databases with an effective strategy; selecting relevant studies; findings mining; summarizing and classifying findings; and providing results. After the literature review, relevant studies were categorized into three groups. The first, second and third groups included studies on prenatal, labor and delivery and postnatal TTP, respectively. Psychological and functional changes in men during TTP significantly affect child-father relationships, development of children and sexual relationship with a partner. Therefore, further attention should be given to this important process, along with changes, expectations, needs, etc.Originality/valueThis study reviews men’s functional changes along with their psychological changes during the parental transition. This study also reviews effective strategies and interventions for successful parental transition in men.
Managing an existential threat: how a global crisis contaminates organizational decision-making
Authors: Norris J. Ian , Casa de Calvo Mario P. , Mather Robert D. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe paper introduces a new model, the evolutionary-existential model of organizational decision-making. The purpose of the model is to provide an empirical framework for understanding the context for decision-making under conditions of existential threat to organizations, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic during the year 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe model is built on an extensive interdisciplinary literature review, drawing from research in social psychology, management, behavioral economics, evolutionary psychology and consumer behavior. In general, the authors follow Bargal's (2006) call for action research in the spirit of Lewin (1951).FindingsAccording to the model, organizational decision-making during the pandemic threat is influenced by (1) existential threat and (2) an unprecedented macroenvironmental context for decision-making. The authors argue that these psychological and macroenvironmental forces may lead to suboptimal decision-making, based on (1) their basic cognitive architecture and (2) specific evolutionary triggers activated by the pandemic. The authors highlight how the interaction between these inputs and the decision context manifest in various social psychological phenomena that are known to impact judgments and decisions.Practical implicationsSimply put, the magnitude and the urgency of the global pandemic call for new and integrative ways of understanding organizational decision-making.Originality/valueThe model is new. Although the authors draw on prior research and theory, the model is uniquely interdisciplinary; further, the authors are able to make specific and unique predictions about the inputs, decision context and their social–psychological consequences for decision-making.
The relation between employee characteristics and knowledge sharing
Authors: Matošková Jana , Bartók Ottó , Tomancová Lucie 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Knowledge sharing becomes crucial in today’s competitive world to foster organizational performance. This paper aims to explore which employee characteristics facilitate knowledge sharing in the organizations and to examine the dimensions of these characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach
Opinion-based questionnaires among employees in Czech companies were applied. The research design in this study was cross-sectional. The hypotheses were tested by Pearson’s correlations and regression analyses.

Findings
The findings support the idea that specific individual employee characteristics increase knowledge sharing in the organization. Four categories of potentially appropriate employee individual characteristics were suggested: social and communication skills; positive work feelings; competences for problem-solving; and employee’s self-efficacy. However, only employee’s positive work feelings and self-efficacy significantly predicted the extent of knowledge sharing in the organization.

Practical implications
The findings offer a basis for future research. The results of the study can be used in recruiting new employees and managerial decision-making. The recruitment methods and the selection methods deployed should enable the firm to attract those whose values are in harmony with the organization’s values. Managers should build a work environment that promotes greater and more trusting ties among employees via organizing social activities for employees, a supervisor’s acceptance of an employee’s autonomy and responsibility and increasing employees’ confidence in their abilities.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to investigate dimensions of employee knowledge-oriented characteristics. It supports the idea that some individual employee characteristics boost spontaneous knowledge sharing behaviour.
On the evolution of cellular senescence
Authors: Kowald Axel , Passos João F. , Kirkwood Thomas B. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe idea that senescent cells are causally involved in aging has gained strong support from findings that the removal of such cells alleviates many age‐related diseases and extends the life span of mice. While efforts proceed to make therapeutic use of such discoveries, it is important to ask what evolutionary forces might have been behind the emergence of cellular senescence, in order better to understand the biology that we might seek to alter. Cellular senescence is often regarded as an anti‐cancer mechanism, since it limits the division potential of cells. However, many studies have shown that senescent cells often also have carcinogenic properties. This is difficult to reconcile with the simple idea of an anti‐cancer mechanism. Furthermore, other studies have shown that cellular senescence is involved in wound healing and tissue repair. Here, we bring these findings and ideas together and discuss the possibility that these functions might be the main reason for the evolution of cellular senescence. Furthermore, we discuss the idea that senescent cells might accumulate with age because the immune system had to strike a balance between false negatives (overlooking some senescent cells) and false positives (destroying healthy body cells).