bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dramatische Dispositive
Authors: Bleumer Hartmut 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Skizze schlägt vor, die Metapher des Dispositivs für historische Begriffsbildungen zu den Phänomenen des Spiels, frühen Dramas und Theaters zu nutzen. Die Anregung lautet: Die performative Medialität der Spielphänomene zwischen Stimme und Blick sowie Wort und Bild lässt sich über das Dispositiv als Doppelkonzept fassen, wenn man dazu das medientheoretische Dispositivverständnis des theatralen Rahmens nach Jean-Louis Baudry mit dem diskursiven Dispositivkonzept Michel Foucaults kombiniert, das sich als dramatisch-textuelles auffassen lässt. In der Korrelation dieser gegenläufigen Auffassungen müsste sich dann jener Ort genauer beobachten lassen, der durch die wechselseitigen Transgressionen beider Dispositive diesseits fester terminologischer Bestimmungen immer wieder ästhetisch emergiert und den insbesondere die mediävistische Forschung bei der Konstituierung ihrer Begriffe und Befunde immer schon vorausgesetzt hat. Der Vorschlag plädiert damit für eine stärkere Berücksichtigung der Paradoxie ästhetischer Begriffe mit Blick auf die frühen Formen von Spiel, Drama und Theater und deren ästhetische Blickregime.
Müller-Gang-Persistenzsyndrom mit synchronem Keimzelltumor in einem jungen Erwachsenen
Authors: Fischer Nicolas , Heidenreich Axel , Hoffmann Manuela A. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Anti-Müller-Hormon-Mangelsyndrom oder persistierendes Müller-Gang-Syndrom ist eine seltene autosomal-rezessive Mutation des Anti-Müller-Hormon-Gens oder seines Rezeptors. Phänotypische Unterschiede zwischen Patienten mit Hormonmangel oder Rezeptordefekten gibt es nicht. Berichtet wird von einem 24-jährigen Mann, der sich mit einem Anti-Müller-Hormon-Mangel mit bilateralem Kryptorchismus und einem Keimzelltumor vorstellte. Der Patient wurde einer Operation mit adjuvanter Chemotherapie unterzogen. Der Patient starb nach 3 Rezidiven innerhalb von 3 Jahren. Es werden die Auswirkungen einer verzögerten und fehlerhaften Therapie eines Keimzelltumors im Rahmen einer seltenen Erkrankung demonstriert. Wir empfehlen eine genetische Beratung aller Familienmitglieder der betroffenen Patienten.
A Survey on Probable and Improbable Decisions About Headache Treatment
Authors: Pohl Heiko , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Sandor Peter S. , Andrée Colette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe treatment of headache disorders is adapted to their severity. It is the aim of this study to evaluate the probability of treatment decisions being taken and to identify underlying principles influencing them. The study was internet-based and cross-sectional; participants completed the EUROLIGHT questionnaire anonymously. Inclusion criterion was the consent to participate. Participants were excluded if diagnostic questions had not been completed. We estimated probabilities based on relative frequencies and built binary logistic regression models to identify factors influencing decision-making. The survey was completed by 976 individuals; 636 completed the diagnostic questions. The probability of a patient to consult a GP or a neurologist was 0.26 and 0.20, respectively. Patients decided by a probability of 0.93 to take acute treatment. These treatment decisions, which were taken by patients alone increased in probability with increasing ictal burden (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The probability of treating migraine with triptans was 0.74; the probability to take a prophylactic treatment was 0.43. Neurologists were more likely than GPs to prescribe these medications (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). We identified several principles underlying treatment decisions. Most patients decide to take acute treatment for headache attacks; they are less likely to treat their headache disorder interictally. Treatment decisions are less likely to be taken if more than one decision-maker is involved; if physicians are involved, severity of the headache disorder does not affect the probability of a treatment decision being taken. Overall, the more severely affected a headache patient, the less likely an adequate treatment.
Blind Application of Developed Smart Vibration-Based Machine Learning (SVML) Model for Machine Faults Diagnosis to Different Machine Conditions
Authors: Espinoza Sepúlveda Natalia F. , Sinha Jyoti K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose

The development and application of intelligent models to perform vibration-based condition monitoring in industry seems to be receiving attention in recent years. A number of such research studies using the artificial intelligence, machine learning, pattern recognition, etc., are available in the literature on this topic. These studies essentially used the machine vibration responses with known machine faults to develop smart fault diagnosis models. These models are yet to be tested for all kinds of machine faults and/or different operating conditions. Therefore, the purpose is to develop a generic machine faults diagnosis model that can be applied blindly to any identical machines with high confidence level in accuracy of the predictions.

Methods

In this paper, a supervised smart fault diagnosis model is developed. This model is developed using the available measured vibration responses for the different rotor faults simulated on an experimental rotating rig operating at a constant speed. The developed smart vibration-based machine learning (SVML) model is then blindly tested to identify the healthy and faulty conditions of the rig when operating at different speeds.

Results and conclusions
Several scenarios are proposed and examined during the development of the SVML model. It is observed that scenario of the vibration measurements simultaneously from all bearings from a machine is capable to fully map the machine dynamics in the VML model. Therefore, this developed when applied blindly to the sets of data at a different machine speed, the results are observed to be encouraging. The results clearly show a possibility for a centralised vibration-based condition monitoring (CVCM) model for identical machines operating at different rotating speeds.
Lower nodule biomass with increased nitrogenase efficiency in Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings when grown under low soil phosphorus conditions
Authors: McCulloch Lindsay A. , Porder Stephen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation is the largest non-anthropogenic N input to many terrestrial ecosystems. The energetic expense of symbiotic N fixation suggests soil phosphorus (P) availability may regulate symbiotic nitrogen fixation directly through nodule development and function, and/or indirectly through plant growth. Since P availability is heterogenous in the landscape, we sought to understand if symbiotic nitrogen fixation responds to both P availability and heterogeneity. To test how P availability affects symbiotic nitrogen fixation, we grew Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings under high (8.1 g P m−2) and low (0.2 g P m−2) conditions. Soil P heterogeneity was simulated by splitting roots into soil patches receiving P or no-P fertilizer. At the whole plant level, P availability limited seedling and nodule biomass. However, the low P treatment had higher nitrogenase efficiency (acetylene reduced (AR) g−1 nodule; a nodule efficiency proxy). High P seedlings had significantly more root and nodule biomass in the patches directly receiving P fertilizer, but patch proliferation was absent in the low P treatment. AR g−1 seedling did not differ between P treatments, suggesting P indirectly limited symbiotic nitrogen fixation through plant growth, rather than directly limiting symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This relatively consistent AR g−1 seedling across treatments demonstrates the ability of seedlings to respond to low P conditions with increased nitrogenase efficiency.
Assessment of Morpho-Dynamics through Geospatial Techniques within the Padma-Meghna and Ganges-Jamuna River Confluences, Bangladesh
Authors: Gazi Md. Yousuf , Roy Himel , Mia Md. Bodruddoza , Akhter Syed Humayun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBangladesh is a low-lying riverine country with the mighty Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) major river system including their abundant tributaries and distributaries. Land erosion–accretion is a very common phenomenon in this riverine country. This process extensively erodes huge productive landmasses at the river confluence zones every year. The main objective of this study was to understand the confluence morpho-dynamics and identify the vulnerable areas near the Padma–Meghna Confluence (PMC) and Ganges–Jamuna confluence (GJC) due to confluence shifting and erosion–accretion phenomenon of those rivers. The present study utilized multi-temporal Landsat satellite images from 1972 to 2019 approximately ten years of interval. Results showed that the PMC indicated frequent variation in migration trend towards NW from 1972 to 1980, SE from 1980 to 2010, and then reversed towards NW direction from 2010 to 2019. On the other hand, the GJC confluence point moved NW direction (2.37 km) from the year 1972 to 1980, but from 1980 to 2019, the confluence shifted towards the SE direction. Due to the migration dynamics, huge changes happened in width and sand bars area of both confluences. In PMC, confluence width increased remarkably indicating erosive flow during 1972–1980, then progressively shortened up to 2019, indicating accretion. In contrast, GJC shows a significant accretional trend over the 47 years. The sand bar area of the PMC increased about 147.09 km2 throughout the study period. But, GJC shows an opposite scenario where the total sand bar area decreased about 51.02 km2 in the same period. From the vulnerability study of erosion–accretion scenarios, it is predicted that Paturia Ferry Ghat area, Aricha Ferry Ghat area, Arua, Baruria, Dashkin Saljana, Bhadiakola, Masundia, Khanganj and Nyakandi areas near GJC and Chandpur sadar, Srimandi, Sakhua, Bilaspur and char Atra near PMC are highly vulnerable zones. The outputs of the study will enable policy makers to take necessary measures to reduce the erosional severity on both confluence zones and could also provide a basis for proper land management.
Numerical Approach for the Estimation of Throat Heat Flux in Liquid Rocket Engines
Authors: Concio P. , Migliorino M. T. , Nasuti F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe problem of prediction of heat flux at throat of liquid rocket engines still constitutes a challenge, because of the little experimental information. Such a problem is of obvious importance in general, and becomes even more important when considering reusable engines. Unfortunately, only few indirect experimental data are available for the validation of throat heat flux prediction. On the numerical side, a detailed solution would require a huge resolution and codes able to solve at the same time combustion, boundary layer with possible finite-rate reactions, expansion up to at least sonic speed, and in some cases radiative heat flux. Therefore, it is important to validate, with the few experimental data available in the literature, simplified CFD approaches whose aim is to predict heat flux in the nozzle in affordable times. Results obtained by different numerical models based on a RANS approach show the correctness and quality of the approximations made, indicating the main phenomena to be included in modeling for the correct prediction of throat heat flux.
One British Thing: The Safety Razor
Authors: Deslandes Paul R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay examines the history of the safety razor in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain. In so doing, it explores male shaving practices and the male investment in physical appearance in the age of industrial capitalism. In highlighting the history of a single material artifact to showcase the relationship between masculinity, good grooming, personal success, and notions of self-improvement, this essay also underscores the growing influence of American products in British life, the intricacies of the consumer economy, and the increasing sophistication of advertising practices.
Paupers Behaving Badly: Punishment in the Victorian Workhouse
Authors: Williams Samantha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe deterrent workhouse, with its strict rules for the behavior of inmates and boundaries of authority of the workhouse officers, was a central expression of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, known widely as the New Poor Law. This article explores for the first time the day-to-day experience of the power and authority of workhouse masters, matrons, other officers of the workhouse, and its Board of Guardians, and the resistance and agency of resentful inmates. Despite new sets of regulations to guide workhouse officers in the uniform imposition of discipline on residents, there was a high degree of regional diversity not only in the types of offenses committed by paupers but also in welfare policy relating to the punishments inflicted for disorderly and refractory behavior. And while pauper agency was significant, it should not be overstated, given the disparity in power between inmates and workhouse officials.
Brain executive laterality and hemisity
Authors: Morton Bruce Eldine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Brain laterality refers to the asymmetric location of functional elements within the bilateral brain of animals and humans. Thus far, five lateralized functions have been recognized in humans: handedness, language ability, spatial skills, facial recognition, and emotion recognition. Recently, a sixth asymmetric functional element bearing on personality has been discovered. It is the larger side of the split bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This appears to be the final output element of the executive system of which, by logic, there can be only one. Which side is somewhat larger varies among the general population in a seemingly idiosyncratic manner, yet with a genetic basis because true-breeding lineages exist. Here, hemisity is binary measure where a person is inherently born either right brain or left brain oriented. This is determined by nine statistically robust sets of four biophysical tests, none of which depend upon personality, and five behavioral questionnaires. Crucially these hemisity methods have been validated by the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based discovery that the larger side of the ACC is on the same side as one’s hemisity, making MRI the primary standard for hemisity determination (r = 0.96). There are at least 30 measurable differences in individual characteristics and behaviors between those persons whose hemsity is on the right compared to those with it on the left. The hemisity of 2929 individuals was determined by these methods. Large groups included 1428 junior and senior high schools students both in Hawaii and Utah. There were somewhat comparable numbers present for both types of hemisity. Hemisity of individuals was found stable from infancy to old age. There was no relation between hemisity and handedness. Larger corpus callosum (CC) size of male or female subjects was larger in right brainer that in left brainers. Twin studies demonstrate that CC size is inherited. Thirty-eight percent of individuals of both sexes were right brain oriented, while 62% of individuals of both sexes were left brain oriented. In pairings, there were more than twice as many couples with opposite hemisity. Of these couples, the right brain male and females were dominant. Reproductive outcomes of these were “Like father like son, Like mother like daughter.”
Montreal cognitive assessment for evaluating cognitive impairment in Huntington’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Rosca Elena Cecilia , Simu Mihaela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review evidence of the accuracy of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for evaluating the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD) and to outline the quality and quantity of research evidence available about the use of the MoCA in this population.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review, searching four databases from inception until April 2020.ResultsWe identified 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria: two case–control studies comparing the MoCA to a battery of tests, three studies comparing MoCA to Mini-Mental State Examination, two studies estimating the prevalence of cognitive impairment in individuals with HD and 19 studies or clinical trials in which the MoCA was used as an instrument for the cognitive assessment of participants with HD. We found no cross-sectional studies in which participants received the index test (MoCA) and a reference standard diagnostic assessment composed of an extensive neuropsychological battery. The publication period ranged from 2010 to 2020.ConclusionsIn patients with HD, the MoCA provides information about disturbances in general cognitive function. Even if the MoCA demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity when used at the recommended threshold score of 26, further cross-sectional studies are required to examine the optimum cutoff score for detecting cognitive impairments in patients with HD. Moreover, more studies are necessary to determine whether the MoCA adequately assesses cognitive status in individuals with HD.
Secondary school canteens in Australia: analysis of canteen menus from a repeated cross-sectional national survey
Authors: Haynes Ashleigh , Morley Belinda , Dixon Helen , Scully Maree , McAleese Alison , Gascoyne Claudia , Busbridge Rachelle , Cigognini Mia , Regev Ilona , Wakefield Melanie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of Australian secondary school canteen menus.Design:Stratified national samples of schools provided canteen menus in 2012–2013 and 2018, which were systematically assessed against a ‘traffic light’ classification system according to the National Healthy School Canteen Guidelines. Items were classified as green (healthiest and recommended to dominate canteen menus), amber (select carefully) or red (low nutritional quality, should not appear on canteen menus), and pricing and promotional strategies were recorded.Setting:Australia.Participants:Canteen menus from 244 secondary schools (2012–2013 n 148, 2018 n 96).Results:A total of 21 501 menu items were classified. Forty-nine percent of canteen menus contained at least 50 % green items; however, nearly all (98·5 %) offered at least one red item and therefore did not comply with national recommendations. Snacks and drinks had the least healthy profile of all product sectors, and a large proportion of schools supplied products typically of poor nutritional quality (meat pies and savoury pastries 91·8 %, sugary drinks 89·5 %, sweet baked goods 71·5 %, ice creams 64·1 % and potato chips 44·0 %). Red items were significantly cheaper than green items on average, and many schools promoted the purchase of red items on canteen menus (52·8 %). There were few differences between survey waves.Conclusions:There is considerable room for improvement in the nutritional quality of canteen menus in Australian secondary schools, including in the availability, pricing and promotion of healthier options. Additional resources and services to support implementation of national guidelines would be beneficial.
Downscaling Satellite Retrieved Soil Moisture Using Regression Tree‐Based Machine Learning Algorithms Over Southwest France
Authors: Liu Yangxiaoyue , Xia Xiaolin , Yao Ling , Jing Wenlong , Zhou Chenghu , Huang Wumeng , Li Yong , Yang Ji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSatellite retrieved soil moisture (SM) shows great potential in hydrological, meteorological, ecological, and agricultural applications, while the coarse resolution limits its utilization in regional scale. The regression tree‐based machine learning algorithms reveal promising capability in SM downscaling. However, it lacks systematic study dedicated to intercomparisons of algorithms to explicitly illuminate their characteristics. In this study, comparisons are made to systematically evaluate performances of classification and regression tree (CART), random forest (RF), gradient boost decision tree (GBDT), and extreme gradient boost (XGB) in Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM downscaling in southwest France. The results show that the four algorithms downscaled SM are capable of capturing spatial distribution features of the original SMAP SM. The downscaled regions with favorable accuracy are mostly situated in the dominant Mediterranean climate zone with moderate vegetation coverage and mild topography variation. The best results are obtained by GBDT in grassland with R value of 0.77 and ubRMSE value of 0.04 m3/m3. The RF and XGB also achieve good performances. On the whole, the GBDT approach is robust and reliable, which could downscale SM with superior correlation and smaller bias than the others. Besides, it achieves higher accuracy than the original SMAP in grassland and shrubland. The feature importance index of each explainable variable fluctuates regularly among different seasons and models. This study proves the outstanding performance of GBDT in SMAP SM downscaling and is expected to act as a valuable reference for studies focusing on SM scale conversion algorithms.
2D Hydro‐Mechanical‐Chemical Modeling of (De)hydration Reactions in Deforming Heterogeneous Rock: The Periclase‐Brucite Model Reaction
Authors: Schmalholz Stefan M. , Moulas Evangelos , Plümper Oliver , Myasnikov Artem V. , Podladchikov Yuri Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeformation at tectonic plate boundaries involves coupling between rock deformation, fluid flow, and metamorphic reactions, but quantifying this coupling is still elusive. We present a new two‐dimensional hydro‐mechanical‐chemical numerical model and investigate the coupling between heterogeneous rock deformation and metamorphic (de)hydration reactions. We consider linear viscous compressible and power‐law viscous shear deformation. Fluid flow follows Darcy's law with a Kozeny‐Carman type permeability. We consider a closed isothermal system and the reversible (de)hydration reaction: periclase and water yields brucite. Fluid pressure within a circular or elliptical inclusion is initially below the periclase‐brucite reaction pressure and above in the surrounding. Inclusions exhibit a shear viscosity thousand times smaller than for the surrounding. For circular inclusions, solid deformation has a minor impact on the evolution of fluid pressure, porosity, and reaction front. For elliptical inclusions and far‐field shortening, rock pressure inside the inclusion is higher compared to circular inclusions, and reaction‐front propagation is faster. The reaction generates a large change in porosity (∼0.1%–55%) and in solid density (∼2,300–3,500 kg m−3), and the reaction front exhibits steep gradients of fluid pressure and porosity. Reaction‐front propagating increases the weak inclusion's surface and causes an effective, reaction‐induced weakening of the heterogeneous rock. Weakening evolves nonlinear with progressive strain. Distributions of fluid and rock pressure as well as magnitudes and directions of fluid and solid velocities are significantly different. The models mimic basic features of shear zones and show the importance of coupling deformation and metamorphism. The applied MATLAB algorithm is provided.