bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change of Serum Inflammatory Cytokines Levels in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Pneumonia and Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Xincai , Huang ChaoLin , Lin Ying , Dai Qingfu 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the serum inflammatory cytokines levels in patients with COPD, pneumonia and lung cancer, and assess the correlation between the levels of inflammatory cytokines levels and development of these diseases. Methods: Two hundred thirty-two patients including 114 patients with pneumonia, 76 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 42 patients with lung cancer, and 62 age-matched healthy volunteers as controls were enrolled. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 in serum were analyzed by flow cytometry microsphere array (CBA). Results: We found that the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with lung cancer, COPD and pneumonia were significantly higher than control group. The IL-6 in the lung cancer group were significantly increased compared with the controls and COPD group, pneumonia group. IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were lower in lung cancer compared with controls and COPD group, pneumonia group. TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were increased in patients with COPD and pneumonia compared with controls. In addition, the concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-6 were increased in acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) group compared with stable COPD group. Conclusion: In conclusion, elevated TNF-α and IL-10 levels in serum may be related with lung diseases including lung cancer, COPD and pneumonia. Additionally, IFN-γ and IL-6 might be potential biomarkers for the further deterioration of lung disease patients. The increased concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-6 might be used to predict the exacerbation of COPD.
Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction-Mediated miR-206 Overexpression Promotes Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Via Targeting PPIB
Authors: Wu Huating , Xie Dawei , Yang Yingxia , Yang Qing , Shi Xiajun , Yang Rong 
Published: October 2020

Background: Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) has been found to be an effective method for delivering microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). The current study is aimed at discovering the potential anti-cancer effects of UTMD-mediated miR-206 on HCC. Methods: In our study, the expressions of miR-206 and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (PPIB) in HCC tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). PPIB expressions in HCC and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA). MiR-206 mimic and mimic control were transfected into HCC cells using UTMD. Potential binding sites between miR-206 and PPIB were predicted and confirmed by TargetScan and dual-luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis were detected by wound healing assay, Transwell, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2), Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Snail) and PPIB were measured by Western blot. Results: MiR-206 expression was downregulated while PPIB expression was upregulated in HCC, and PPIB was recognized as a target gene of miR-206 in HCC tissues. UTMD-mediated miR-206 inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion while promoting apoptosis via regulating the expressions of proteins related to apoptosis, migration, and invasion by targeting PPIB. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the delivery of UTMD-mediated miR-206 could be a potential therapeutic method for HCC treatment, given its effects on inhibiting cell migration and invasion and promoting cell apoptosis.
The Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA 00707 Sponges MicroRNA-613 (miR-613) to Promote Proliferation and Invasion of Gliomas
Authors: Liu Handong , Hu Keqi 
Published: October 2020

Background: Glioma is one of the most deadly malignant tumors in humans. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a key role in the occurrence, development and invasion of tumors by regulating oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways. However, the role and action mechanism of long intergenic non-coding RNA 00707 (LINC00707) in gliomas have not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between LINC00707 and miR-613 as well as its role in gliomas. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of LINC00707 and miR-613 were detected by qRT-PCR. The chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between LINC00707 expression and clinicopathological parameters. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to detect glioma cell proliferation; and wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect glioma cell migration and invasion. The relationship between LINC00707 and miR-613 was predicted by Starbase, and verified by qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: LINC00707 was up-regulated in gliomas. Up-regulated LINC00707 increased the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells, and silenced LINC00707 reduced these abilities. The increase of the expression level of LINC00707 down-regulated miR-613 in glioma cells, while the inhibition of the expression level of LINC00707 up-regulated miR-613 in glioma cells. The high expression of LINC00707 was related to the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score and WHO staging. LINC00707 could offset the ability of miR-613 to inhibit glioma proliferation and invasion. Conclusion: LINC00707 promotes proliferation and invasion of glioma cells by sponging miR-613. The regulatory axis of LINC00707/miR-613 provides new insights into the mechanism and treatment of gliomas.
LncRNA HOTAIR Influences the Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Affection on the miR-488-5p/NUP205 Axis
Authors: Xia Feng , Xia Wei , Yu Xudong 
Published: October 2020

Objective: The study was aim to investigate the effect of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) on the growth, migration, and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Cell growth, invasion, and migration was respectively investigated using the MTT assay, trans-well assay, and wound healing assay. The expression of genes and proteins was respectively determined by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR experiments. Results: It was demonstrated that high expression of HOTAIR in PTC cells (BCPAP) and tissues resulted in fast tumor growth and poor survival time of the PTC-bearing mice models. Moreover, overexpression of HOTAIR leaded to markedly enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion of BCPAP cells. Increase the levels of HOTAIR in BCPAP cells signally down-regulated the miR-488-5p levels which was able of inhibiting the growth rate, increasing the apoptosis rate, and decreasing the invasion/migration ability of BCPAP cells. Further studies indicated that HOTAIR promoted BCPAP cell growth, invasion, and migration mainly through regulating the miR-488-5p/NUP205 axis and the levels of Bcl-2 as well. Conclusion: HOTAIR promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma mainly through regulating the miR-488-5p/NUP205 axis.
SRS in Combination With Ipilimumab: A Promising New Dimension for Treating Melanoma Brain Metastases
Authors: Badrigilan Samireh , Choupani Jalal 
Published: October 2020

Dear Editor, I am writing to you in order to highlight some miscalculations in an article published in the journal of Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment, entitled; “SRS in Combination with Ipilimumab: A Promising New Dimension for Treating Melanoma Brain Metastases” by Khan, et al.1 These miscalculations changed the derived conclusion about median survival time, and adverse effects in the selected treatment groups. So, amending these miscalculations may help readers in future research decisions.
Scoring Balloon Reduces the Severity of Dissection and Stent Implantation Rate in Superficial Femoral Artery Angioplasty Compared to Plain Balloon
Authors: Hong Hanbee , Park Ui Jun , Roh Young Nam , Kim Hyoung Tae 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The knowledge regarding the benefits of the scoring balloon (SB) in comparison to the plain balloon (PB) is limited. This study aims to elucidate the difference in efficacy between SB and PB as pre-balloon in superficial femoral artery angioplasty. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed angiographic images of 113 lesions in 98 patients treated with endovascular surgery. 37 lesions were prepared by SB and 76 lesions by PB. Lesions without significant residual stenosis nor a flow-limiting dissection were treated by drug-coated balloon and the others by drug-eluting stent. Severity of dissection was evaluated by Kobayashi dissection grade and NHLBI classification. The rate of stent implantation was compared between the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at 12 months. Results: Severe dissections (>1/3 of lumen) occurred less frequently in the SB group (SB 40.5% vs. PB 75.0%, P = 0.001). Overall stent implantation rate was lower in the SB group (SB 27.0% vs. PB 55.3%, P = 0.005). In subgroup analysis for the complex lesions, the SB group had lower rate of severe dissection(>1/3 of lumen) in patients with long lesions(>15 cm) (SB 51.7% vs. PB 76.9%, P = 0.020) and lesions of calcium grade ≥2 (SB 43.8% vs. PB 72.5%, P = 0.009). SB group had lower stent implantation rate in patients with long lesions (SB 34.5% vs. PB 59.6%, P = 0.030), lesions of calcium grade ≥2 (SB 31.3% vs. PB 56.9%, P = 0.023), and total occlusion (SB 30.8% vs. PB 80.0%, P = 0.002). There were no procedure-related complications in either group except 1 case of puncture-site hematoma. There was no significant difference in TLR rate between both groups at 12 months (P = 0.509). Conclusion: SB reduces the incidence of severe dissection (>1/3 of lumen) and rate of overall stent implantation in comparison with PB. The use of SB is a safe and effective method of lesion preparation in SFA angioplasty.
How Much Scaphoid Can be Safely Resected? A Biomechanical Analysis of the Effects of Distal Scaphoid Resection
Authors: Kadar Assaf , Grewal Ruby , Padmore Clare E. , Fan Stacy , Langohr Daniel G. , Suh Nina 
Published: October 2020

Background: Resection of the distal pole of the scaphoid has been advocated as a simple alternative to other wrist salvage procedures for scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse and scaphotrapezio-trapezoid arthritis. However, the extent of scaphoid that may be resected without adversely affecting carpal kinematics has never been clearly defined. Methods: Seven cadaveric upper extremities were tested in a custom motion wrist simulator. A 3-stage sequential sectioning of the distal scaphoid protocol was performed in 25% increments then cyclic active wrist flexion-extension and dart thrower’s motion trials were recorded. Results: The extent of distal scaphoid resection had no effect on overall wrist range of motion. The lunate assumed a more extended position following resection of the distal scaphoid compared to intact. At 25%, 50%, and 75% of distal scaphoid resection, the lunate extended to 13.32° ± 9.4°, 23.43° ± 7.5°, and 15.81° ± 16.9°, respectively. The capitate migrated proximally with 25% and 50% distal scaphoidectomy, and proximally and radially with 75% of the scaphoid resected. Resection of 75% of the scaphoid resulted in unstable wrist kinematics. Conclusions: Resection of up to 25% of the distal scaphoid did not significantly influence carpal kinematics and induced mild lunate extension deformity. Resection of 50% of the scaphoid induced further and potentially clinically significant lunate extension and dorsal intercalated segment instability. Further removal of 75% of the distal scaphoid induced capitate migration radially and unpredictable wrist kinematics. Consequently, removal of over 25% of the scaphoid should be avoided or supplemented with partial wrist fusion.
Distal bare metal stent implantation during thoracic endovascular aortic repair is beneficial to treat complicated type B aortic dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kong Xuanzhu , Peng Li , Wu Fengrui , Bi Jiaxue , Pan Hongrui , Dai Xiangchen 
Published: October 2020

Objective To explore whether thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) plus distal bare metal stent (BMS) implantation leads to favorable clinical outcomes compared with standard TEVAR in treating acute complicated type B aortic dissection. Methods Relevant publications were found through a precise search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Count data were calculated as the odd ratio (OR)and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Mantel–Haenszel statistical method, quantitative data were calculated as mean difference and 95% CI using Inverse Variance statistical method. When the data heterogeneity was large, with an I2 > 50%, a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis were performed. The analysis tool we used was the software Revman 5.3 and G*power 3.1. Results There were 7 publications involving 958 patients who were enrolled ultimately. The incidence of unplanned secondary intervention and postoperative adverse events in the TEVAR + BMS were lower than standard TEVAR (OR, 0.42, (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.75); OR, 0.57, (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.90)), and the pooled number needed to treat was 15 for unplanned secondary intervention and 15 for postoperative adverse events. There were no significant difference in the aortic-related or all-cause 30-day mortality (OR, 0.81, (95% CI, 0.25 to 2.61); OR, 0.47, (95% CI, 0.18 to 1.22)), aortic-related, all-cause mortality at least 6 months or incidence of the postoperative endoleak (OR, 0.47, (95% CI, 0.17 to 1.32); OR, 0.42, (95% CI, 0.17 to 1.06); OR, 0.81, (95% CI, 0.32 to 2.05)). Conclusion There is no significant outcome difference except for reduced reintervention but this does not seem to adversely affect survival. It is unclear whether this justifies the additional cost of placing it in every complicated type B aortic dissection regardless of anatomy after standard TEVAR alone. Besides, more data are needed to verify the adjunctive distal bare metal stents’ performance at different dissection stages.
Aging and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Gonzalez Caldito Natalia , Shirani Afsaneh , Salter Amber , Cutter Gary , Culpepper William , Wallin Mitchell , Kosa Peter , Bielekova Bibiana , Lublin Fred , Stuve Olaf 
Published: October 2020

Background: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) are approved for the treatment of disease activity and are effective in reducing relapses and new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions. However, disease activity generally subsides with time, and age-dependent changes in DMT efficacy are not well-established. We aimed to investigate whether age impacts the efficacy of DMTs in treating disease activity in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Methods: DMT efficacy related to age was assessed through a meta-analysis of clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of DMTs in RRMS patients as measured by reductions in the annualized relapse rate (ARR), new T2 lesions, and gadolinium-enhanced lesions on MRI. Using the mean baseline patient age from each trial, a weighted linear regression was fitted to determine whether age was associated with treatment efficacy on a group level. Results: Group-level data from a total of 28,082 patients from 26 trials of 14 different DMTs were included in the meta-analysis. There were no statistically significant associations between age and reductions in ARR, new T2 lesions, and gadolinium-enhanced lesions of the treatment group compared with placebo. Conclusion: DMTs for RRMS show efficacy in treating disease activity independent of age as demonstrated by group-level data from DMT clinical trials. Nevertheless, clinical trials select for patients with baseline disease activity regardless of age, thereby not representing real-world patients with RRMS, where disease activity declines with age.
Powder and Powder-Free Intra-Oral Scanners: Digital Impression Accuracy
Authors: Hategan Simona Ioana , Ionel Topala Florin , Goguta Luciana , Gavrilovici Andrei , Negrutiu Meda Lavinia , Jivanescu Anca 
Published: October 2020

AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital impressions taken with two different intra-oral scanners (with and without optical powder), by dentists with different level of experience. Material and Methods Two intra-oral scanning devices (Apollo Dl and Cerec Omnicam, Sirona Dental GmbH, Germany) were used to obtain a digital cast from scanning different preparations on a maxillary typodont. Three operator groups scanned five crown preparations using both powder and powder-free scanning systems. One group consisted of fourth year dental students, a second group consisted of prosthodontic residents, and third group consisted of prosthodontic specialists. The precision of spray application and impression expertise was compared between the three groups. Results The most frequently encountered errors were non-linear powder application, inappropriate intra-oral scanner manipulation, and insufficient digital data for crown fabrication. Conclusion Experience is needed in order to achieve high quality digital impressions. A prosthodontic specialist avoided incorrect manipulation of an intra-oral camera, uneven application of powder spray and achieved a better marginal fit.
Sample‐size estimation is not reported in 24% of randomised controlled trials of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review
Authors: Iheozor‐Ejiofor Zipporah , Lakunina Svetlana , Gordon Morris , Akintelure Daniel , Sinopoulou Vasiliki , Akobeng Anthony 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSample‐size estimation is an important factor in designing a clinical trial. A recent study found that 65% of Cochrane systematic reviews had imprecise results.ObjectiveThis study set out to review the whole body of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) randomised controlled trials systematically in order to identify the reporting of sample‐size estimation.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive hand search of the Cochrane Library and Cochrane IBD Specialized Trials Register. We extracted information on relevant features and the results of the included studies. We produced descriptive statistics for our results.ResultsA total of 242 randomised controlled trials were included from 44 Cochrane systematic reviews. About 25% of the studies failed to report on sample‐size estimation. Of those that did report on sample‐size estimation, 33% failed to recruit their target sample size.ConclusionsAround half of the randomised controlled trials in IBD either do not report sample‐size estimation or reach their recruitment target with the level of detail in reporting being limited.
Functional evolution of visual involvement in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Marenna Silvia , Huang Su-Chun , Castoldi Valerio , d’Isa Raffaele , Costa Gloria Dalla , Comi Giancarlo , Leocani Letizia 
Published: October 2020

Background Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a common animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). C57BL/6 mice immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein exhibit chronic disease course, together with optic neuritis, consisting of demyelination/axonal loss of the optic nerve. Objectives To characterize functional and structural visual damages in two different phases of EAE: pre- and post-motor onset. Methods Visual alterations were detected with Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), Electroretinogram (ERG) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Optic nerve histology was performed at 7 (pre-motor onset) or 37 (post-motor onset) days post-immunization (dpi). Results At 7 dpi, optic nerve inflammation was similar in EAE eyes with and without VEP latency delay. Demyelination was detected in EAE eyes with latency delay (p < 0.0001), while axonal loss (p < 0.0001) and ERG b-wave amplitude (p = 0.004) were decreased in EAE eyes without latency delay compared to Healthy controls. At 37 dpi, functional and structural optic nerve damage were comparable between EAE groups, while a decrease of ERG amplitude and NGCC thickness were found in EAE eyes with VEP latency delay detected post-motor onset. Conclusions Thanks to non-invasive methods, we studied the visual system in a MS model, which could be useful for developing specific therapeutic strategies to target different disease phases.
Real-world Drivers Behind Communication, Medication Adherence, and Shared Decision Making In Minority Adults with Asthma
Authors: Norful Allison A. , Bilazarian Ani , Chung Annie , George Maureen 
Published: October 2020

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the foundation of asthma management. However, ICS non-adherence is common. Black adults have lower ICS adherence than white adults, which likely contributes, in part, to the asthma disparities that Black adults experience. Objective: To explore how Black adults with uncontrolled asthma and their primary care providers communicated about ICS non-adherence and used shared decision-making to identify strategies to increase ICS use. Design: Eighty routine clinical visits for uncontrolled asthma were audio recorded and inductively analyzed using methods adapted from grounded theory methodology. Participants: Study participants included 80 Black adults (83% female) largely low-income (83% Medicaid) and their 10 primary care providers. The study settings were 2 Federally Qualified Health Centers. Key Results: Three overarching themes were identified: (1) ICS misuse and lack of knowledge; (2) external influences informed personal misconceptions about ICS; and (3) patient-provider communication to individualize plan of care. Conclusions: Reasons for ICS non-adherence in Black adults with uncontrolled asthma offer potential targets for interventions that facilitate enhanced adherence. Future research should include PCP training on strategies that support patient-centered care, such as communication, shared decision-making and patient engagement.
Injury Incidence, Patterns, and Risk Factors in Functional Training Athletes in an Asian Population
Authors: Cheng Timothy Tsin Jien , Mansor Azura , Lim Yi Zhen , Hossain Parash M. Tanveer 
Published: October 2020

Background: Functional training, also known as CrossFit, is a unique sport that combines weightlifting, gymnastics, and metabolic conditioning into a single program. There are an estimated 50 functional training centers in Malaysia. Purpose: To analyze the injury rates, patterns, and risk factors of functional training/CrossFit. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Electronic questionnaires were distributed to 244 participants from 15 centers in the country. Descriptive data regarding the athletes, injury occurrence within the past 6 months, injury details, and risk factors were collected. Results: Of the 244 athletes, 112 (46%) developed at least 1 new injury over the previous 6 months. Injury rates were significantly higher in athletes from nonaffiliate training gyms compared with CrossFit-affiliated gyms, in athletes with previous injuries, and in those who perceived themselves as having more than average fitness. Conclusion: Coaches and athletes need to be more aware of risk factors for injury to enable safer and better training strategies.