bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly sensitive label-free bio-interfacial colorimetric sensor based on silk fibroin-gold nanocomposite for facile detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide
Authors: Mane Pramod C. , Shinde Manish D. , Varma Sanjana , Chaudhari Bhushan P. , Fatehmulla Amanullah , Shahabuddin M. , Amalnerkar Dinesh P. , Aldhafiri Abdullah M. , Chaudhari Ravindra D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, the preparation of gold nanoparticles-silk fibroin (SF-AuNPs) dispersion and its label-free colorimetric detection of the organophosphate pesticide, namely chlorpyrifos, at ppb level are reported. The silk fibroin solution was extracted from B. mori silk after performing degumming, dissolving and dialysis steps. This fibroin solution was used for synthesis of gold nanoparticles in-situ without using any external reducing and capping agent. X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscopy (FETEM) along with Surface Plasmon Resonance based optical evaluation confirmed generation of gold nanoparticles within SF matrix. The resultant SF-AuNPs dispersion exhibited rapid and excellent colorimetric pesticide sensing response even at 10 ppb concentration. Effect of additional parameters viz. pH, ionic concentration and interference from other pesticide samples was also studied. Notably, SF-AuNPs dispersion exhibited selective colorimetric pesticide sensing response which can be calibrated. Furthermore, this method was extended to various simulated real life samples such as tap water, soil and agricultural products including plant residues to successfully detect the presence of chlorpyrifos pesticide. The proposed colorimetric sensor system is facile yet effective and can be employed by novice rural population and expert researchers alike. It can be exploited as preliminary tool for label-free colorimetric chlorpyrifos pesticide sensing in water and agricultural products.
Impfungen gegen Infektionskrankheiten bei Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Zettl Uwe K. 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEinen der größten Erfolge der modernen Medizin stellt die Entwicklung von Impfungen gegen Infektionserkrankungen dar. Dank der Immunisierung sind Ausbrüche von Infektionskrankheiten, die Millionen Menschen das Leben kosten, extrem selten geworden. Bei einer immunvermittelten Erkrankung wie der Multiplen Sklerose und erst recht unter einer immunmodulierenden Therapie (DMT, Disease modifying treatment) sind die Infektionsprophylaxe – und damit auch die Frage des Einsatzes von Impfungen gegen Infektionserkrankungen – von besonderer klinischer Bedeutung.
Imaging of Pancreatic Trauma—A Clinical Scenario-Based Approach
Authors: Hemachandran Naren , Gamanagatti Shivanand 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPancreatic injury, although uncommon in the setting of abdominal trauma, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. While the clinical signs are nonspecific, the imaging signs can be very subtle in the early stages leading to missed injuries that present later as complications. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the main workhorse and initial imaging modality in the setting of abdominal trauma, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is used as a problem-solving tool in pancreatic trauma.This article provides a review of the imaging of pancreatic trauma and has been organized into common clinical scenarios–Suspected pancreatic injury with normal-appearing pancreas on CT; definite pancreatic injury on CT, late presentation or complication in a patient with pancreatic injury. The role of the radiologist in each scenario is described as follows: to identify subtle secondary signs of injury and resort to MRI or a repeat imaging wherever necessary in a suspected pancreatic injury with normal-appearing pancreas on CT (Scenario 1); to look for primary/hard signs, grade the injury according to American Association of Surgery for Trauma Organ Injury Scale, and utilize MRI if necessary to ascertain the presence of ductal injury when a definite pancreatic injury is seen on CT (Scenario 2); and to diagnose various complications and help in the management of complications such as draining collections or vascular complications like pseudoaneurysms (Scenario 3).Radiologists should be aware of the primary and secondary signs of pancreatic injury so as to enable prompt diagnosis and further management. Radiologists play an important role not only in the diagnosis of pancreatic injuries but also in the management of certain complications.
Innovative Surgical Approaches for Locally Advanced Hepatic Malignancy
Authors: Yu Young-Dong , Kim Dong-Sik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrimary and secondary liver tumors are among the most common tumors in humans. Liver resection and liver transplantation are used to treat these malignancies. However, in many patients with locally advanced malignancy, it is not possible to resect these tumors using conventional techniques due to their enormous size or complex location. Refinements of surgical techniques have led to great improvements in terms of postoperative outcome and long-term survival in the past decades. This review explores innovative technologies in liver surgery, including both resection and transplantation, and their potential role in treating locally advanced hepatic malignancy. A number of innovative surgical techniques such as associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for liver surgery (ALPPS), ex vivo resection, ante situm liver resection, liver resection using extracorporeal hepatic venous bypass, and resection and partial liver segment 2/3 transplantation with delayed total hepatectomy (RAPID) have been developed to overcome the barriers of conventional liver resection and may offer acceptable outcomes for well-selected patients with locally invasive tumors that are otherwise inoperable by conventional techniques.
Engaging with professional organizations
Authors: Byrnes Heidi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article I argue that contributing to professional
organizations is a particularly beneficial way of finding personal and
professional enrichment and opportunities for creative and meaningful
engagement toward addressing language-related societal issues. Such an
engagement can continue to shape, often in unexpected but deeply rewarding
ways, one’s identity in applied linguistics over an entire professional
career. I exemplify this position by tracing my own involvement with five
professional organizations, in each case asking three interwoven questions:
What were the language-focused societal – the ‘real world’ – issues as I
perceived them at the time when I was most deeply involved with them? What
focused projects and opportunities for enlarging my understanding of the
field presented themselves? And what were the long-term lessons that I took
away from the experience?
Voice therapy in paediatric dysphonia
Authors: Gambalonga Mattia , Brotto Davide , Favaretto Niccolò 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To review the literature about the current available methods for voice therapy in pediatric patients affected by dysphonia.

Methods:
All available articles published in pubmed concerning voice therapy in pediatric dysphonia were considered. Articles not available in English were excluded.

Results:
Dysphonia is an extremely common voice disorder in paediatric population, involving up to around 20% of children from 7 to 16 years old. The causes of dysphonia are extremely different, from neurologic disorders to rare syndromic pathologies. Above all, phonotrauma is considered the most common cause of dysphonia, frequently determining the presence of benign lesions of the vocal cords, the nodules. The treatment can be medical, surgical or rehabilitative, but voice therapy is crucial regardless of the chosen approach. All authors highlight the crucial role of voice therapy in order to enhance positive vocal habits and establish correct vocal motor patterns. The role of family and school teachers is extremely important in the rehabilitation in order to limit the progression of the dysphonia or even treat it.

Conclusion:
Multiple voice therapy methods are available in the literature, but an organic analysis of these methods is still lacking. The present review takes into account the voice therapy methods detected in the literature highlighting the relative advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Nation-wide estimation of groundwater redox conditions and nitrate concentrations through machine learning
Authors: Knoll Lukas , Breuer Lutz , Bach Martin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The protection of water resources and development of mitigation strategies require large-scale information on water pollution such as nitrate. Machine learning techniques like random forest (RF) have proven their worth for estimating groundwater quality based on spatial environmental predictors. We investigate the potential of RF and quantile random forest (QRF) to estimate redox conditions and nitrate concentration in groundwater (1 km × 1 km resolution) using the European Water Framework Directive groundwater monitoring network as well as spatial environmental information available throughout Germany. The RF model for nitrate achieves a good predictive performance with an R2 of 0.52. Dominant predictors are the redox conditions in the groundwater body, hydrogeological units and the percentage of arable land. An uncertainty assessment using QRF shows rather large uncertainties with a mean prediction interval (MPI) of 53.0 mg l−1. This study represents the first nation-wide data-driven assessment of the spatial distribution of groundwater nitrate concentrations for Germany.
Effect of steel fiber on the shear transfer strength across a crack in reactive powder concrete
Authors: Abdulkhudhur Raad , Al-Quraishi Hussein , Abdullah Oday H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn structural concrete members that have geometrical discontinuities, the type of failure is called direct shear failure when there is no; the same member may change its response when the load arrangement is changed. This kind of failure is related to the cracks along the plane where the loaded member slides along the stationary support system and cracks are perpendicular to the axis of the member. Numerical analysis on push-off specimens were conducted in this study to investigate the shear strength in reactive powder concrete, which has cementitious compositions. The validation of the material and geometrical model to check the efficiency of the constitutive model to simulate the behavior of shear strength of RPC was achieved through comparison with the experimental result of previous work. The effects of volume fraction, aspect ratio, shape of steel fibers on the shear strength were considered to be the variables of the study. The data analyzed showed that the increase in volume fraction of steel fiber from 0% to 0.5% resulted in an increase in the shear strength of RPC by 40.3%, while, an increase in the volume fraction of steel fiber from 0% to 1.5% increased the shear strength of RPC by 140.3%. Using hook ended steel fiber increased the shear strength of RPC by 62.5%. Furthermore, the shear strength of RPC increased by 49.8% when the aspect ratio increased from 75 to 100. The stiffness and ductility of RPC members increased when the volume fraction, aspect ratio increased and provided shape of steel fiber.
On the general requirements for design of earthquake resistant buildings in the Turkish Building Seismic code of 2018
Authors: Güler K , Celep Z 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Turkish Building Seismic Code has been revised after eleven years once more and its application is compulsory since the beginning of 2019. The new code is published together with a new Earthquake Hazard Map and it consists of 17 chapters. Some of the chapters have been revised thoroughly updated, whereas some new chapters are added as well. In the revision of the code, developments in the earthquake engineering and in the building technology are taken into consideration. Requirements related to ground motion are given in a separate chapter by defining four levels of earthquake motion. The code contains the strength design of the buildings as it is accustomed in the previous codes. However, performance based design is highlighted for high-rise buildings and for socially important buildings located moderate and high seismicity regions. The code has new separate chapters for high-rise buildings, cold-formed steel buildings, timber buildings and seismically isolated buildings. Furthermore, it has a new chapter for non-structural elements as well. The chapters involving design of steel structures, seismic evaluation of the existing buildings, and structural and geotechnical design of foundations are revised significantly. The chapter on the design of reinforced concrete contains a limited modification as well. However, since most of the buildings are reinforced concrete, this chapter relatively is important. In the present paper, the general design and evaluation approach of the code presented in detail and comparatively by considering the previous Turkish Building Seismic Codes.
Flexural performance of conventional and reactive powder concrete built–up beams
Authors: Mohammed Ghazwan K. , Sarsam Kaiss F. , Korkess Iqbal N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams made from a combination of two types of concrete as a (built-up or composite) member. The experimental program consists of casting and testing of eleven rectangular cross-sections of simply supported reinforced concrete beams. Distribution of the specimens was three beams used as a reference which were fully poured from conventional concrete (CC) and reactive powder concrete (RPC). The remaining were eight (built-up) beams made by incorporation of two types of concrete as an element, about those beams, the RPC is poured as layers different in depth and the effective regions (compression and tension), where they are compatible with CC to complete the beam depth. Experimental results show that a stiffer behavior of load-deflection appears, especially when the RPC is in tension region (the bottom of the beam) with respect to increase of the layer depth and the volumetric ratio of steel fibers (vf). The load-carrying capacity of (built-up) beams increase when the RPC is used in the compression region affected by the increase of the layer depth and the volumetric ratio of steel fibers, with less stiffer behavior compared to the beams where the RPC used in the tension regions. The results can be summarized that RPC utilizing in compression regions is more influential than utilizing it in tension regions.
Lap splices in steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete beams under dynamic loading
Authors: Zinah Asaad Husain Abdul , Ghaddar Maha Ghalib , Hamood Mohammed J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reactive powder concrete is a new cement-based composite with ultra-high strength and performance that has been recently used in many structural elements. This study is focused on studying the effect of lap splices in reinforcing bars on the behavior, strength and deflection of steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete beams under dynamic-harmonic loading. The models were simulated using finite elements approach by ANSYS software with different parameters such as compressive strength of concrete, lap splices length of reinforcing bars, steel fiber percentage and the presence of stirrups in the lap splices zone. Data from experimental test by others were adopted as input data such as loading and mechanical properties of concrete and reinforcements. Total eight beam models were analyzed and two of them were compared with the experimental tests. The analysis results indicate that the criteria based on the ACI code for lap splices is enough in the case of splices in reinforced concrete beam under the effects of harmonic loadings under low and medium frequency ranges, and showed that the increase in lap splice length under the effect of harmonic loading resulted in a decrease in the deflection of beams, especially in case of medium frequency.
Strengthening of reactive powder concrete T-beams with openings
Authors: Abdulrahman M B , Rashid H M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this research, the response of reactive powder concrete T-beams containing openings is studied. The experimental program involves testing of thirteen simply supported beams. The beams have the same dimensions, flexural and shear reinforcements. In this study, four three parameters have been studied: the shape of an opening (circular and square), a location of openings from the support (Lc/2, Lc/3, and Lc/4), and the internally strengthened around of opening using a deformed steel bar. The experimental results showed that the RPC T-beams with circular openings of diameter (110mm) with different locations (Lc/2, Lc/3 and Lc/4) have a flexural strength less than that solid beam by about (12%,35%and 41%) respectively. While for the RPC T-beams with square openings of dimension (100mm×100mm) with different locations (Lc/2, Lc/3, and Lc/4), the flexural strength is less than that solid beams by (10%,41%and 55%) respectively. In addition, it is found that the use of deformed steel bars as internal strengthening for the region around the openings has a significant effect on the overall behavior of beam. Where the ultimate flexural strength of these strengthened beams containing (circular and square) openings with different location increased by (9% to 66%) in comparison with the related un-strengthened beams with same openings. Also, this T-beams with openings showed increasing in deflection about (66.7% - 202%) compared with T-beam without openings at the same load. While for these strengthened T-beams with openings showed a reduction in deflection about (50% - 192%) compared with un-strengthened T-beam with openings.
Evaluation of the effect of the mechanical properties on the performance of interlocking concrete block pavement under the influence of petroleum products
Authors: Mohamad Safaa A , Hasan Mohammed M , Mohammed Sanaa A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recently, there has been an upsurge in the use of interlocking concrete block pavement (ICBP), though large scale and extensive use of the blocks is not commonplace. In some residential districts, the current trend which is seen as a new fad is concrete-block paving of driveways and courtyards of private homes. There is also a gradual increase in the use of concrete blocks for paving pedestrian walkways in recent constructions in the cities, and in rehabilitating old walkways in urban activity centers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three types of petroleum products: Fuel oil (FO), Kerosene (K) and Engine oil waste (EO), on the mechanical and physical properties of interlocking concrete block pavement (ICBP) manufactured from two Iraqi factories, where two types of (ICBP) were chosen one from each factory. 66 specimens were submerged in the petroleum products for 30, 60, and 90 days, then the compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, density and absorption values were determined and compared with non-submerged specimens. In general, the results showed that ICBP-2 has good resistance to the effect of kerosene and fuel oil.
Behaviour of cement mortar containing Iron waste powder as substitute for sand
Authors: Fahad Besma M , jassim K S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effect of replacing the fine aggregate (sand) with iron waste powder was studied. Four mixes of cement mortar with iron waste powder were prepared; two of these groups were prepared without adding SBR (Styrene-butadiene rubbers); while the others were prepared with SBR. These groups were allowed to cure for (7 and 28) days. Each of them consists of iron waste powder with 850μm as partial replacing of sand (10, 20, 30%) by weight. The results show an enhancement of strength for each group after measuring the compressive strength and flexural strength. Otherwise the properties (dry density, porosity and water absorption) were improved too. The best results of compressive strength and flexural strength were (32.66 Mpa, 5.0232 Mpa) at 20% without SBR and 30% with SBR, respectively. The lowest result of dry density were (2109.20 Kg/m3) at 10% with SBR, and the water absorption and porosity were (5.05%, 11.06%) at 20% with SBR. It was concluded that the iron waste powder can be utilized as partial replacer of sand with modifying the properties of cement mortar.
Effect of Tire Layer on Bearing Capacity of Foundation
Authors: Al-Kaream Khalid W. Abd , Abdulrasool Ahmeed S. , Shaker Zainab H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrowth of economic, demographic and building activities in Iraq has necessitated carrying out geotechnical investigations for soft soils to study behavior of foundation resting on these soils. The laboratory test has been carried out to analyze the effect of tire as reinforcement to decrease the excessive settlement of soft soil. The influence of depth and area of tire layer is examined on the settlement of shallow foundation. For this purpose, a square foundation (60 *60) mm is used for the model test. All tests are conducted on the surface of homogeneous soil layer 250 mm; in a box steel (600 x 300 x 300) mm. The undrained shear strength of soil is 12 kPa. The reinforcement layer (tire layer) has been placed at depth 0.5B, B and 2B (B is the width of the square foundation) in the soft soil under foundation. The area of tire layer (B x B), (1.5B x 1.5B) and (2B x 2B) are investigated too. The analysis of the test results indicated that using tire layer under foundation has a significant effect on the settlement improvement (St/Su). It is worth noting, that the settlement improvement (St/Su) is decreased with the increase of the depth of tire layer. The results shows that the maximum increase in bearing capacity reaches approximately to 130% at area of tire layer (B x B) and depth equal to 0.5B.
Geotechnical characteristics correlations for fine-grained soils
Authors: Salih Nihad Bahaaldeen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompressibility and shear strength are the principal geotechnical engineering properties of soils, which control the stability of a soil mass under structural loads. Therefore, it is always required to be measured before the design of the foundation of any structure. Evaluation of shear strength and compressibility characteristics are time consuming and laborious. Hence, there is a necessity for prediction of those characteristics with the help of correlating them with index properties, initial void ratio, natural moisture content, field densities of soils, which can be determined easily. In this paper, a study is conducted on two sets; two and three geotechnical natural properties together for Barika, Arbat and Hwana fine-grained soils in Sulaimani Governorate, Iraq. In addition, new empirical relationships with single and multiple dependent variables were developed with better estimation capability. The best relationship was observed between plasticity index as a function of liquid limit with correlation coefficient (R) and RMSE equal to 0.874 and 2.18 respectively. Whereas, there was no significant relationship between coefficient of compressibility (compression index, Cc) and consistency properties was noticed.