bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I am a Genetic Counselor”: A qualitative exploration of field leaders’ perceptions of the title “genetic counselor”
Authors: Means Chandler , Cirino Allison , Swenson Kathleen B. , Austin Jehannine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe genetic counseling profession is 50 years old, and is growing and diversifying. Despite this evolving context, no studies have formally explored the continuing relevance or appropriateness of the title “genetic counselor.” We used a qualitative research methodology (interpretive description) to explore this concept among thought leaders within the genetic counseling profession. We conducted 12 semi‐structured telephone interviews, which ranged in length from 18 to 50 min, and transcribed them verbatim. Analysis and data collection unfolded in parallel. The following themes regarding participants’ perceptions of the title “genetic counselor” emerged from the data: (1) others misunderstand “genetic counselor”; (2) the term “counselor” in our title produces complex and conflicting emotions; (3) risks of changing our title outweigh the benefit; and (4) we need to own the narrative surrounding our title. Despite recognition that the title “genetic counselor” may not capture the full range of diverse roles members of the profession play, our data reveal overall support for the continued relevance and appropriateness of the title, for the value of the strength that comes from unity within the profession, and for efforts to highlight that which unites us across roles, disciplines, and specialties.
An efficient contemporary multicomponent synthesis for the facile access to coumarin‐fused new thiazolyl chromeno[4,3‐b]quinolones in aqueous micellar medium
Authors: Bhosle Manisha R. , Joshi Supriya A. , Bondle Giribala M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoumarin‐fused polycyclic chromenoquinolone derivatives were synthesized in CTAB/water system with high yields. This protocol is competent, feasible, and sequential one‐pot multicomponent path for the building of titled products. In this projected route solvents, catalysts and surfactants are optimized, and the excellent results were achieved by CTAB in water. CTAB/water has efficiently catalyzed the synthesis of new thiazolyl chromenoquinolone heterocycles and avoids the use of hazardous conventional organic solvents. The synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, mass, 1H NMR spectral, and elemental analysis. This report represents the first case in which surfactant CTAB has been explored in the synthesis of fused chromenoquinolones in water. A probable reaction mechanism has been established to know the role of CTAB.
Key associations for hepatitis C virus genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Mahmud Sarwat , Chemaitelly Hiam S. , Kouyoumjian Silva P. , Al Kanaani Zaina , Abu‐Raddad Laith J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) through an analytical and quantitative meta‐regression methodology. For the most common genotypes 1, 3, and 4, country/subregion explained more than 77% of the variation in the distribution of each genotype. Genotype 1 was common across MENA, and was more present in high‐risk clinical populations than in the general population. Genotype 3 was much more present in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan than the rest of countries, and was associated with transmission through injecting drug use. Genotype 4 was broadly disseminated in Egypt in all populations, with overall limited presence elsewhere. While genotype 2 was more present in high‐risk clinical populations and people who inject drugs, most of the variation in its distribution remained unexplained. Genotypes 5, 6, and 7 had low or no presence in MENA, limiting the epidemiological inferences that could be drawn. To sum up, geography is the principal determinant of HCV genotype distribution. Genotype 1 is associated with transmission through high‐risk clinical procedures, while genotype 3 is associated with injecting drug use. These findings demonstrate the power of such analytical approach, which if extended to other regions and globally, can yield relevant epidemiological inferences.
The induction and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific to GP of Ebola virus
Authors: Tian Xiaoyan , Chen Deyan , Wang Huanru , Xu Shijie , Zhu Linjing , Wu Xilin , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Ebola virus is highly infectious and characterized by hemorrhagic fever, headache, and so on with a high mortality rate. Currently, there are neither therapeutic drugs or vaccines against the Ebola virus nor fast diagnostic methods for the detection of Ebola virus infection. This study reported the induction and isolation of two monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognized the glycoprotein (GP) and secreted glycoprotein (sGP) of the Ebola virus. Plasmids encoding either GP or sGP were constructed and immunized BALB/c mice, accordingly purified sGP was boosted. The antisera were analyzed for binding activity against sGP protein in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization activity in a pseudotyped virus neutralization assay. A number of reactive clones were isolated and two monoclonal antibodies T231 and T242 were identified to react with both GP and sGP. Western blot and ELISA assays showed that the monoclonal antibodies could react with GP and sGP, respectively. Moreover, they could recognize Ebola pseudovirus by cellular immunochemistry assay. We labeled the monoclonal antibody T231 with biotin and analyzed the competitiveness of the two antibodies by the ELISA test. The results showed that the binding epitopes of the two monoclonal antibodies to sGP were partially overlapped. In summary, two GP‐specific mAbs were identified, which will be used to detect the Ebola virus or investigate GP.
Differential deletion of GDNF in the auditory system leads to altered sound responsiveness
Authors: Harasztosi Csaba , Wolter Steffen , Gutsche Katja , Durán‐Alonso María Beatriz , López‐Hernández Iris , Pascual Alberto , López‐Barneo José , Knipper Marlies , Rüttiger Lukas , Schimmang Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been proposed as a potent neurotrophic factor with the potential to cure neurodegenerative diseases. In the cochlea, GDNF has been detected in auditory neurons and sensory receptor cells and its expression is upregulated upon trauma. Moreover, the application of GDNF in different animal models of deafness has shown its capacity to prevent hearing loss and promoted its future use in therapeutic trials in humans. In the present study we have examined the endogenous requirement of GDNF during auditory development in mice. Using alacZknockin allele we have confirmed the expression of GDNF in the cochlea including its sensory regions during development. Global inactivation of GDNF throughout the hearing system using aFoxg1‐Cre line causes perinatal lethality but reveals no apparent defects during formation of the cochlea. UsingTrkC‐Cre andAtoh1‐Cre lines, we were able to generate viable mutants lacking GDNF in auditory neurons or both auditory neurons and sensory hair cells. These mutants show normal frequency‐dependent auditory thresholds. However, mechanoelectrical response properties of outer hair cells (OHCs) inTrkC‐CreGDNFmutants are altered at low thresholds. Furthermore, auditory brainstem wave analysis shows an abnormal increase of wave I. On the other hand,Atoh1‐CreGDNFmutants show normal OHC function but their auditory brainstem wave pattern is reduced at the levels of wave I, III and IV. These results show that GDNF expression during the development is required to maintain functional hearing at different levels of the auditory system.
Application of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in the separation of traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Zhou Weijia , Liu Yanming , Wang Jixia , Guo Zhimou , Shen Aijin , Liu Yanfang , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicines have been widely used to prevent and cure diseases for thousands of years. For the purpose of better understanding the extremely complicated traditional Chinese medicines, powerful separation techniques are essential. Two‐dimensional liquid chromatography has been proven to be more powerful for the separation of complex traditional Chinese medicines due to its enhanced peak capacity and resolution compared with one‐dimensional liquid chromatography. Enormous efforts have been made on the coupling of independent separation mechanisms to improve the resolving power for complex traditional Chinese medicine samples, including the development and introduction of novel stationary phases. This review aims to give an overview on the applications of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in traditional Chinese medicine research since 2008, including comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, heart‐cutting two‐dimensional liquid chromatography both in on‐line, and off‐line mode. Different couplings of separation modes were respectively discussed based on specific studies, with emphasis on the applications of novel stationary phases in the two‐dimensional liquid chromatography.
Dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent of methamphetamine using in‐situ synthesized carbon‐based conductive polypyrrole nanocomposite: focus on clinical applications in human urine
Authors: Jabbari Neghin Rashtchi , Taghvimi Arezou , Dastmalchi Siavoush , Javadzadeh Yousef 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDetermination of methamphetamine is of great importance in clinical and forensic laboratories because there are low dosages of drugs in the biological media and social problems created due to the methamphetamine consumption. Polymeric carbon based‐nano composites are reasonable candidates for dispersive solid phase extraction method due to facial and affordable synthesis process and high selectivity and sensitivity. Nano graphene oxide polypyrolle composite was synthesized and employed as dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent for methamphetamine extraction from complex urine matrix. Full characterization of the prepared nano graphene oxide polypyrolle composite was completed and the influential extraction parameters were investigated through one‐parameter‐at‐a‐time method. High‐performance liquid chromatography detectors were applied as detection and quantification instrument. The optimized extraction parameters included 300 µL of methanol, 10 min of extraction and desorption time, 6000 stirring rate, urine pH value of 10, 60 mg of adsorbent, and 6 mL of urine volume. After outlining the calibration curve, the linear range of the method was considered as 30–800 ng/mL. The detection limit for the suggested method was 9 ng/mL. The analysis of addicted subjects with the proposed method confirmed the utility of the method in different analytical and clinical laboratories.
Pattern of Renal Blood Flow and Renovascular Parameters in Adult Patients With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Asbeutah Akram M. , Adekile Adekunle , AlMajran Abdullah A. , Asbeutah Abdul Aziz A. , Naief Athbi A. , Al‐Jafar Hassan 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate renal blood flow patterns and renovascular parameters in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) without laboratory evidence of renal impairment.MethodsSixty‐five steady‐state adult patients with SCD (50 hemoglobin SS [HbSS], 12 HbSβ0, and 3 HbSD) and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were studied. The kidney length, echo pattern, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity, renal‐to‐aortic ratio, resistive index (RI), acceleration time (AT), and renal vein velocity were acquired, recorded, and analyzed with a 1–5‐MHz curvilinear transducer through the abdomen.ResultsThe mean age ± SD of the patients with SCD was 32.89 ± 13.89 years. The highest means for the ultrasound‐measured renal length and cortical thickness in the SCD and control groups were 11.78 ± 1.30 and 11.27 ± 0.77 cm and 1.86 ± 0.41 and 1.78 ± 0.28 cm, respectively. The figures were significantly higher in the SCD group than the control group (P < .05). Fifty‐nine (90.8%) patients had a mild diffuse increase in cortical echogenicity with preserved renal cortical thickness. The highest mean extrarenal PSVs in the SCD and control groups were 138.46 ± 56.32 and 101.75 ± 31.48 cm/s (P < .05). However, the highest intrarenal RI and AT in SCD and control groups were 0.69 ± 0.07 and 0.06 ± 0.02 seconds and 0.63 ± 0.05 and 0.04 ± 0.01 seconds (P < .05). There was no significant correlation between the RI, AT, and PSV among the patients with SCD (P > .05).ConclusionsIncreased renal length and cortical echogenicity with elevated PSV, RI, and AT values can serve as early ultrasound changes in adult patients with SCD without renal impairment.
Outcomes of free flap reconstructions with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring: A systematic review
Authors: Newton Ethan , Butskiy Oleksandr , Shadgan Babak , Prisman Eitan , Anderson Donald W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundFree flap failure or vascular compromise remains a dreadful complication of microvascular free tissue transfer. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a novel technique for free flap monitoring that has the propensity for early detection of vascular compromise when compared to the current gold standard, clinical monitoring (CM). The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of a NIRS system in the postoperative monitoring of free flaps and its effect on flap salvage.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was performed including English‐language articles evaluating the use of NIRS in free flap monitoring. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), OVID, and Web of Science were searched upto December 2017.ResultsA total of 590 articles were identified, and 10 articles were included for analysis. Overall, flaps with vascular compromise monitored with NIRS had a significantly higher salvage rate of 89% compared with a salvage rate of 50% in the flaps monitored by CM alone (p < .01). Partial loss occurred in 15% of the successful salvages in the NIRS group versus 80% with CM alone (p < .01). Detection of vascular compromise by NIRS preceded clinical signs on average by 82 ± 49 min. NIRS was accurate in detecting compromised flaps with a low false‐positive and false‐negative rate.ConclusionDespite lack of robust data, NIRS has the potential to be an objective, accurate, and continuous postoperative free flap monitoring technique with a greater flap salvage rate than CM alone.
Tracer kinetic models as temporal constraints during brain tumor DCE‐MRI reconstruction
Authors: Lingala Sajan Goud , Guo Yi , Bliesener Yannick , Zhu Yinghua , Lebel R. Marc , Law Meng , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo apply tracer kinetic models as temporal constraints during reconstruction of under‐sampled brain tumor dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsA library of concentration vs time profiles is simulated for a range of physiological kinetic parameters. The library is reduced to a dictionary of temporal bases, where each profile is approximated by a sparse linear combination of the bases. Image reconstruction is formulated as estimation of concentration profiles and sparse model coefficients with a fixed sparsity level. Simulations are performed to evaluate modeling error, and error statistics in kinetic parameter estimation in presence of noise. Retrospective under‐sampling experiments are performed on a brain tumor DCE digital reference object (DRO), and 12 brain tumor in‐vivo 3T datasets. The performances of the proposed under‐sampled reconstruction scheme and an existing compressed sensing‐based temporal finite‐difference (tFD) under‐sampled reconstruction were compared against the fully sampled inverse Fourier Transform‐based reconstruction.ResultsSimulations demonstrate that sparsity levels of 2 and 3 model the library profiles from the Patlak and extended Tofts‐Kety (ETK) models, respectively. Noise sensitivity analysis showed equivalent kinetic parameter estimation error statistics from noisy concentration profiles, and model approximated profiles. DRO‐based experiments showed good fidelity in recovery of kinetic maps from 20‐fold under‐sampled data. In‐vivo experiments demonstrated reduced bias and uncertainty in kinetic mapping with the proposed approach compared to tFD at under‐sampled reduction factors >= 20.ConclusionsTracer kinetic models can be applied as temporal constraints during brain tumor DCE‐MRI reconstruction. The proposed under‐sampled scheme resulted in model parameter estimates less biased with respect to conventional fully sampled DCE MRI reconstructions and parameter estimation. The approach is flexible, can use nonlinear kinetic models, and does not require tuning of regularization parameters.
When not to rely on Boltzmann populations. Automated CASE‐3D structure elucidation of hyacinthacines through chemical shift differences
Authors: Navarro‐Vázquez Armando 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) procedure (CASE‐3D) has been successfully applied to the NMR based configurational assignment of reported hyacinthacines (1–3,5–8), recently target of configurational analysis using the popular DP4+ methodology. The present analysis makes use of reported 1H and 13C shifts and, in some particular cases, a few 3JHH couplings. The difficulty in proper computational prediction of relative energies, in molecules capable of inter‐molecular hydrogen bonding, introduces large errors in the prediction of conformationally averaged NMR properties in methods based on Boltzmann averaging such as DP4 or DP4+. In contrast CASE‐3D conformational amplitudes are free parameters in the model. Here we show that the CASE‐3D conformational model selection strategy, when combined with a larger energy cutoff in the molecular‐modelling conformational exploration, was sufficient to correctly assign the relative configuration in five of seven cases. Introduction of more information, either by supplementing 1H and 13C data with a few J‐couplings, or using a cutoff based on computed DFT energies for the definition of the conformational ensembles, allowed the safe assignment of configuration for all compounds.
Voxel‐wise lesion mapping of self‐reported urinary incontinence in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fröhlich Kilian , Wang Ruihao , Bobinger Tobias , Schmidt Manuel , Dörfler Arnd , Nickel Florian T. , Hilz Max J. , Lee De‐Hyung , Linker Ralf A. , Seifert Frank , Winder Klemens 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsBesides spinal lesions, urinary incontinence may be attributed to particular cerebral lesion sites in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. We intended to determine the contribution of suprapontine lesions to urinary incontinence in MS using a voxel‐wise lesion analysis.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we sought MS patients with documented urinary incontinence in a local database. We established a control group of MS‐patients without documented urinary incontinence matched for gender, age, and disease severity. Patients with urinary incontinence due to local diseases of the urinary tract were excluded. The MS lesions were analyzed on T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans (1.5 or 3T). After manual delineation and transformation into stereotaxic space, we determined the lesion overlap and compared the presence or absence of urinary incontinence voxel‐wise between patients with and without lesions in a given voxel performing the Liebermeister test with 4000 permutations.ResultsA total of 56 patients with urinary incontinence and MS fulfilled the criteria and were included. The analysis yielded associations between urinary incontinence and MS in the frontal white matter, temporo‐occipital, and parahippocampal regions.ConclusionsOur voxel‐wise analysis indicated associations between self‐reported urinary incontinence and lesions in the left frontal white matter and right parahippocampal region. Thus, our data suggest that dysfunction of supraspinal bladder control due to cerebral lesions may contribute to the pathophysiology of urinary incontinence in MS.
Fetal and neonatal abnormalities due to congenital herpes simplex virus infection: a literature review
Authors: Fa Francesca , Laup Laetitia , Mandelbrot Laurent , Sibiude Jeanne , Picone Olivier 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection during pregnancy can cause severe neonatal infections. It is also a rare cause of congenital infections. We aimed to describe fetal and neonatal abnormalities of congenital HSV infection in order to define the features that are accessible to prenatal diagnosis during ultrasound screening and/or during a work‐up for congenital malformations.MethodsWe analysed all cases of congenital HSV infection (CHI) described before and/or after birth and identified in Pubed and classified the findings as accessible or not to prenatal diagnosis.ResultsThirty‐six cases of congenital herpes infection were reported, of which 15 were described prenatally and 21 postnatally. The most frequently reported malformations accessible to prenatal diagnosis were cerebral anomalies. The most common abnormalities described after birth were skin lesions and keratitis, which are not considered amenable to prenatal ultrasound detection. CHI can due to either HSV1 or HSV2 infection, whether primary or non‐primary infection, with or without the presence of maternal symptoms.ConclusionPrenatal ultrasound abnormalities due to CHI are rare, varied and non‐specific. There is no clear role for fetal ultrasound in the routine management of women with primary or non‐primary HSV infection in pregnancy. However, in fetuses with ultrasound abnormalities suggestive of congenital infection, HSV should still be considered as a differential diagnosis after the more common in utero infections, such as cytomegalovirus, are excluded.
Synthesis, thermal, rheological characteristics, and enzymatic degradation of aliphatic polyesters with lignin‐based aromatic pendant groups
Authors: Arza Carlos R. , Wang Ping , Linares‐Pastén Javier , Zhang Baozhong 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis research aims to produce lignin‐based biodegradable polyesters with improved thermal quality. A series of aliphatic polyesters with lignin‐based aromatic side groups were synthesized by conventional melt‐polycondensation. Decent molecular weight (21–64 kg mol−1) was achieved for the polymerizations. The molecular structures and thermal and mechanical properties of the obtained polyesters were characterized. As a result, the obtained polyesters are all amorphous, and their glass‐transition temperature (Tg) depends on the size of the pendant aromatic group (31–51 °C). Furthermore, according to the TGA results, the thermal decomposition temperatures of the polyesters are all above 390 °C, which make them superior compared with commercial biodegradable polyesters like polylactic acid or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Finally, rheological characteristics and enzymatic degradation of the obtained polyesters were also measured. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2314–2323