bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the 2015 ATA Guidelines in Patients With Distant Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: van Velsen Evert F S , Stegenga Merel T , van Kemenade Folkert J , Kam Boen L R , van Ginhoven Tessa M , Visser W Edward , Peeters Robin P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Current American Thyroid Association (ATA) Management Guidelines for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) stratify patients to decide on additional radioiodine (RAI) therapy after surgery, and to predict recurring/persisting disease. However, studies evaluating the detection of distant metastases and how these guidelines perform in patients with distant metastases are scarce.

Objective
To evaluate the 2015 ATA Guidelines in DTC patients with respect to 1) the detection of distant metastases, and 2) the accuracy of its Risk Stratification System in patients with distant metastases.

Patients and Main Outcome Measures
We retrospectively included 83 DTC patients who were diagnosed with distant metastases around the time of initial therapy, and a control population of 472 patients (312 low-risk, 160 intermediate-risk) who did not have a routine indication for RAI therapy. We used the control group to assess the percentage of distant metastases that would have been missed if no RAI therapy was given.

Results
Two hundred forty-six patients had no routine indication for RAI therapy of which 4 (1.6%) had distant metastases. Furthermore, among the 83 patients with distant metastases, 14 patients (17%) had excellent response, while 55 (67%) had structural disease after a median follow-up of 62 months. None of the 14 patients that achieved an excellent response had a recurrence.

Conclusions
In patients without a routine indication for RAI therapy according to the 2015 ATA Guidelines, distant metastases would initially have been missed in 1.6% of the patients. Furthermore, in patients with distant metastases upon diagnosis, the 2015 ATA Guidelines are an excellent predictor of both persistent disease and recurrence.
The External Genitalia Score (EGS): A European Multicenter Validation Study
Authors: van der Straaten Saskia , Springer Alexander , Zecic Aleksandra , Hebenstreit Doris , Tonnhofer Ursula , Gawlik Aneta , Baumert Malgorzata , Szeliga Kamila , Debulpaep Sara , Desloovere An , Tack Lloyd , Smets Koen , Wasniewska Malgorzata , Corica Domenico , Calafiore Mariarosa , Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Busch Alexander Siegfried , Juul Anders , Nordenström Anna , Sigurdsson Jon , Flück Christa E , Haamberg Tanja , Graf Stefanie , Hannema Sabine E , Wolffenbuttel Katja P , Hiort Olaf , Ahmed S Faisal , Cools Martine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Standardized description of external genitalia is needed in the assessment of children with atypical genitalia.

Objectives
To validate the External Genitalia Score (EGS), to present reference values for preterm and term babies up to 24 months and correlate obtained scores with anogenital distances (AGDs).

Design, Setting
A European multicenter (n = 8) validation study was conducted from July 2016 to July 2018.

Patients and Methods
EGS is based on the external masculinization score but uses a gradual scale from female to male (range, 0–12) and terminology appropriate for both sexes. The reliability of EGS and AGDs was determined by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Cross-sectional data were obtained in 686 term babies (0–24 months) and 181 preterm babies, and 111 babies with atypical genitalia.

Results
The ICC of EGS in typical and atypical genitalia is excellent and good, respectively. Median EGS (10th to 90th centile) in males &lt; 28 weeks gestation is 10 (8.6–11.5); in males 28–32 weeks 11.5 (9.2–12); in males 33–36 weeks 11.5 (10.5–12) and in full-term males 12 (10.5–12). In all female babies, EGS is 0 (0-0). The mean (SD) lower/upper AGD ratio (AGDl/u) is 0.45 (0.1), with significant difference between AGDl/u in males 0.49 (0.1) and females 0.39 (0.1) and intermediate values in differences of sex development (DSDs) 0.43 (0.1). The AGDl/u correlates with EGS in males with typical genitalia and in atypical genitalia.

Conclusions
EGS is a reliable and valid tool to describe external genitalia in premature and term babies up to 24 months. EGS correlates with AGDl/u in males. It facilitates standardized assessment, clinical decision-making and multicenter research.
Role of Aldosterone and Potassium Levels in Sparing Confirmatory Tests in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Umakoshi Hironobu , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Matsuda Yayoi , Yokomoto-Umakoshi Maki , Nagata Hiromi , Fukumoto Tazuru , Ogata Masatoshi , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
The current clinical guidelines suggest that confirmatory tests for primary aldosteronism (PA) may be excluded in some of patients who have elevated plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) under plasma renin suppression. However, this has low-priority evidence and is under debate in use of serum potassium.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate an appropriate setting for sparing confirmatory tests in PA.

Design and Setting
A retrospective cross-sectional study in a single referral center.

Participants
This study included 327 patients who had hypertension under plasma renin suppression and underwent the captopril challenge test (CCT) between January 2007 and April 2019. CCT results were used to diagnose PA.

Main Outcome Measure
Diagnostic value of PAC and serum potassium in confirmation of PA.

Results
Of the studied patients, 252 of 327 (77%) were diagnosed with PA. All 61 patients with PAC &gt; 30 ng/dL were diagnosed with PA. In patients with PAC between 20 and 30 ng/dL, 44 of 55 (80%) were diagnosed with PA, while all 26 with PAC between 20 to 30 ng/dL who had spontaneous hypokalemia were diagnosed with PA. The proportion of unilateral PA determined by adrenal vein sampling (AVS) was higher in patients who had PAC &gt; 30 ng/dL or those with spontaneous hypokalemia who had PAC between 20 and 30 ng/dL than those who did not meet the criteria (76% vs. 17%, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Confirmatory tests in PA could be spared in patients who have typical features of PA and these patients had a high probability of unilateral PA on AVS.
Cognitive Profiles and Brain Volume Are Affected in Patients with Silver–Russell Syndrome
Authors: Patti Giuseppa , De Mori Letizia , Tortora Domenico , Severino Mariasavina , Calevo Mariagrazia , Russo Silvia , Napoli Flavia , Confalonieri Laura , Schiavone Maurizio , Thiabat Hanan F , Casalini Emilio , Morana Giovanni , Rossi Andrea , Ramenghi Luca Antonio , Maghnie Mohamad , Di Iorgi Natascia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractContextThere is little information on cognitive function in Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), and no neuroimaging studies are available so far.ObjectiveTo assess cognitive function and brain volumes in patients with SRS.Design/SettingWechsler Intelligence Scale and brain magnetic resonance on a 3-Tesla scanner with Voxel-based morphometry analysis were performed between 2016 and 2018 in a single tertiary university center.Partecipants38 white subjects with clinical diagnosis of SRS confirmed by molecular analysis: 30 of these patients (mean age 12.6 ± 10 years) were enrolled for cognitive assessment; 23 of the 30 performed neuroimaging sequences. A control group of 33 school-aged children performed cognitive assessment while 65 age and sex-matched volunteers were included for the neuroradiological assessment.Main OutcomesIntelligence quotient, Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Processing Speed Index, and brain volume.ResultsThe mean overall IQ score was 87.2 ± 17, and it was significantly lower in the maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) group at the age of 6 to 16 years compared to loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (11p15 LOM) group and to controls. VCI, PRI, and WMI were significantly higher in 11p15 LOM group and in control group than in mUPD7 group at the age of 6 to 16 years. There were no significant differences in cognitive scores between 11p15 LOM school-aged patients and the control group. SRS patients showed lower brain volume compared to controls at the frontal/temporal poles and globi pallidi.ConclusionsPatients with mUPD7 had an impaired cognitive profile. The brain volume at the frontal/temporal lobes and at the globi pallidi was reduced in patients with SRS.
Perioperative Blood Transfusion is Associated with Postoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response and Poorer Outcomes Following Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: McSorley Stephen T. , Tham Alexander , Dolan Ross D. , Steele Colin W. , Ramsingh Jason , Roxburgh Campbell , Horgan Paul G. , McMillan Donald C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The present study investigated relationships between perioperative blood transfusion, postoperative systemic inflammatory response, and outcomes following surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods
Data were recorded for patients (n = 544) undergoing potentially curative, elective surgery for colorectal cancer at a single center between 2012 and 2017. Transfusion history was obtained retrospectively from electronic records. Associations between blood transfusion, postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, hemoglobin, complications, cancer-specific survival and overall survival (OS) were assessed using propensity score matching (n =116).

Results
Of 544 patients, the majority were male (n =294, 54%), over 65 years of age (n =350, 64%), and with colonic (n =347, 64%) node-negative disease (n =353, 65%). Eighty-six patients (16%) required perioperative blood transfusion. In the unmatched cohort, blood transfusion was associated with higher median postoperative day (POD) 3 CRP {143 [interquartile range (IQR) 96–221 mg/L] vs. 120 (IQR 72–188 mg/L); p = 0.004}, lower median POD 3 albumin [24 (IQR 20–26 g/L) vs. 27 (IQR 24–30 g/L); p < 0.001], more postoperative complications [odds ratio (OR) 3.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03–5.29] and poorer OS [hazard ratio (HR) 3.18, 95% CI 2.08–4.84]. In the propensity score matched cohort, blood transfusion was similarly associated with higher median POD 3 CRP [130 (IQR 93–196 mg/L) vs. 113 (IQR 66–173 mg/L); p = 0.046], lower median POD 3 albumin [24 (IQR 20–26 g/L) vs. 26 (IQR 24–30 g/L); p < 0.001], more postoperative complications (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.36–6.20) and poorer OS (HR 2.38, 95% CI 0.99–5.73).

Conclusions
Perioperative blood transfusion was associated with postoperative inflammation, complications, and poorer survival in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, with and without propensity score techniques.
APPOINTMENT OF DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL PREVENTION AND ITS STAFFING
Authors: Маношкина Е. , Manoshkina E. , Бантьева М. , Bant'eva M. , Кукушкин С. , Kukushkin S. , Кузнецова В. , Kuznecova V. 
Published: October 2019

The Federal Law of November 21, 2011 № 323-FL «About the basis of the protection of public health in the Russian Federation» defined the priority of prevention in the field of health protection (Article 12). However, a number of problems in staffing of the system of medical prevention remain. Aim: to investigate the dynamics of the number of posts for doctors for medical prevention (positions, occupied positions, individuals), as well as their staffing level and combination rate for the period from 2014 until 2017 in the Russian Federation and its regions. based on the data of the Federal Statistic (form № 30), the article presents a statistic analysis of the number of posts for doctors for medical prevention for the period from 2014 until 2017 in the Russian Federation and its regions. The provision of population with doctors for medical prevention in Russia in the period from 2014 to 2017 significantly increased from 0.031 to 0.049 per 10,000 adults (by 58.1%), but at the same time it continues to be extremely low: 10.2 times less than the standard of provision with these doctors in only offices/departments of medical prevention, excluding healthcare centers and centers of medical prevention. There is a low staffing level for doctors for medical prevention in the Russian Federation, which decreased even more over the study period: from 73.2% to 64.0% (by 12.5%). This is explained both by an increase in the staff positions of these doctors in the country from 1031 to 1526 (by 48.0%), while the number of occupied posts increased only by 29.50% (from 754.25 to
976.75), and by a simultaneous decrease in the part-time combination rate from 2.1 to 1.7 (19.0%), which continues to be high. The low staffing level (64.0%) and the high part-time combination rate of doctors for medical prevention (1.7) along with low provision of the population with these doctors — 0.049 per 10,000 adults, what is more, then 10 times lower than the standard, indicate a shortage of individuals for doctors for medical prevention — the main workers in the occupied positions and their replacement by doctors — co-workers of other specialties. This largely takes place due to the absence of the specialty «medical prevention», which necessity of the introduction needs to be discussed by the medical community.
Infantile diarrhoea: Breast and bottle feeding compared with special reference to their clinical role
Authors: Munir Muzief 
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate a clinical presentation of diarrhoea in infants under 2 years of age, in relation to their types of feeding. It was found that the duration of diarrhoea in bottle-fed infants was significantly longer than in breast-fed ones. It was 7.2 ± 0.46 days in bottle-fed, compared to 5.5 ± 0.17 days in breast-fed infants.
The prevalence of acute Otitis media and Rhinopharyngitis in bottle-fed infants under 1 year of age was higher than in breast-fed infants.f!owever,it was not so after 1 year of age.
Tetralogy of Fallot at tbe Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Ujung Pandang
Authors: Pelupessy J. M. C. H. , Albar Husein 
Published: October 2019

A retrospective study was carried out on children with tetralogy of Fallot at the Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University/Ujung Pandang General Hospital from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1985 inclusive.
The diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot was based on the history, clinical and laboratory findings, chest radiograms and electrocardiograms. There were 10 children included consisting of 7 in- and 3 out- patients, ranging in age from 17 days to 10 years. All in-patients had protein energy malnutrition and or respiratory tract infection. Boy to girl ratio was 1 : 1,5.
Cyanosis developed before the age of six months, clubbing of the fingers and toes manifested after one year of age while squatting became obvious after the age of two and a half years.
Conservative Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
Authors: Fine Richard N. 
Published: October 2019

The infant, child and adolescent who has irreversible impairment of renal function, regardless of the specific etiology, invariably experiences a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time. This decline in GFR can be attributed to an unremitting attack on the remaining unaffected nephrons by, the primary disease process such as in a patient with acquired immune complex disease, but the reasons for the progressive decline in GFR in patients with congenital diseases are more difficult to identify.
Currently the hypothesis attributing the decline in GFR to damage to the remaining intact nephrons resulting from hyperperfusion is receiving increasing attention. Creation of CRF in the rat model by 7/8 nephrectomy leads to a rapid decline in GFR and focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) in the previously normal glomeruli. This lesion of FGS is presumably a result of hyperperfusion of the remaining normal nephrons in order to compensate for the reduction in functioning renal mass.
The ghost of Maurice at the court of Heraclius
Authors: Booth Phil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the complex reception of the reign of Maurice (582-602) at the court of Heraclius (610 -641). It explores how the reign of Maurice established two important precedents for Heraclius as he emerged from the Last Great War: first, the re-establishment, after a long hiatus, of the principle of filial succession; and second, the realisation of a profound, co-operative peace with the Persians. It then argues, however, that Heraclian authors - in particular Theophylact Simocatta - resisted the sanctification of the murdered emperor, framing him instead as, ultimately, a failure, suggesting that he had deserved and accepted his death, and insisting that he had surrendered all of his children, including his son and co-emperor Theodosius, to the same fate. Thus the reign of Maurice was presented not as an apex from which his successors had fallen, but as a pale foreshadowing of the early triumphs of Heraclius.
Dynamism of collocation in L2 English writing: A bigram-based study
Authors: Qian Yubin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere we present a longitudinal study of collocation, highlighting bigram development in L2 writing over a five-month span. Our analysis is primarily based on the learner corpus, a collection of 570 untimed L2 writing which is benchmarked against a reference corpus, the BNC. We applied two measures, the mean MI and the averaget, computed from the learner corpus, to quantify both overall performance and individual variation. Interviews with three learners were conducted to explore factors contributing to the dynamism of bigram development. Our study found that, across the five times of writing, (1) learners’ command of bigrams, those of high quality in particular, is fairly unstable; (2) inter- and intra- individual variations account for the individual differences in managing bigrams over time; and (3) learners’ perception of collocation and their allocation of resources add to the dynamism of bigram development. Our study implies that teaching collocation from a dynamic perspective deserves increased attention. It is advisable to consider individual differences when allocating resources in teaching collocation.
General knowledge as an evidential category
Authors: Kittilä Seppo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Numerous studies have dealt with the coding of information sources within and across languages. These studies have shown that despite the significant differences in the number of formally distinct evidentiality categories, languages tend to have grammaticalized markers for certain information sources, but not for others; different kinds of sensory perception, inference, assumption and hearsay evidence are among those information sources that receive explicit coding. In this paper, another evidence type, namely general knowledge, will be examined. It will be shown that general knowledge differs from other information sources in its nature, but it also has features in common with them. In addition, a formal-functional typology of general knowledge coding will be proposed based on the nature of the element used for this purpose. Finally, the rationale behind the discussed types and the central theoretical implications of the paper will be discussed. The attested types either stress the peculiar nature of general knowledge providing evidence for its independent information source status, or they emphasize the common features shared by general knowledge and other information sources, most notably reliability of information.
Experimental evaluation of self-expandable metallic tracheobronchial stents
Authors: Wang Yanli , Dong Pengfei , Ke Jingyao , Shen Xiang , Li Zongming , Ren Kewei , Han Xinwei , Gu Linxia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The self-expandable metallic stents have been widely used in tracheobronchial obstruction or fistulation, including the J-shaped and Y-shaped stents, named after the shape of the branch-stem junction of the stent. However, there is scarce data on the mechanical performance of these tracheobronchial stents, which is essential for optimal stent implantation. In this work, eight self-expandable metallic tracheobronchial stents in three types (i.e., straight, J-shaped, and Y-shaped), with or without cover, were characterized. The compression resistance of the stems was investigated through both compression and indentation tests. The bending resistance of the branches in the J-shaped and Y-shaped stents was assessed through the bending test. Our results demonstrated that the covered stents exhibited a significantly higher compression resistance and bending resistance than the uncovered ones. The branches had a minimal impact on the compression resistance of the stem. The branch of the J-shaped stent showed a significantly lower bending resistance than the Y shaped one. This work provides a testing framework for the J-shaped and Y-shaped stents,which could shed some light on the optimal design of stent with branches.
Investigation of SR-BI gene rs4238001 and rs5888 polymorphisms prevalence and effects on Turkish patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Filizfidan Mehmet , Pence Sadrettin , Çaykara Burcu , Alsaadoni Hani , Marakoğlu Kamile , Pençe Halime Hanım , Kargın Nisa Çetin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aim
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with dyslipidemia such as hypertriglyceridemia and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is the transmembrane receptor that regulates selective intake of cholesterol esters by the liver and it binds to HDL with high affinity. This study was aimed to determine the effects of SR-BI gen variations upon proatherogenic and antiatherogenic lipid profiles in the patients with metabolic syndrome.

Methods
The patient group was consisted of 104 (30–65 years) male subjects who were diagnosed with MS and 100 healthy male subjects were included in control group. DNA was isolated from blood samples. SR-BI gene rs4238001 and rs5888 variants were examined by SNaPshot multiplexing system. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 considered as statistically significant.

Results
It was found that SR-BI gene rs4238001 T allele increased the risk of metabolic syndrome 1.61 fold (p=0.02). Subjects with TT genotype 2.847 fold increased the risk of metabolic syndrome according to subjects with CC genotype (p=0.017).

Conclusions

SR-BI rs4238001 variation may be related to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome.
Building a Network that Will Pray for You
Authors: Cole Moshe 
Published: October 2019

For many the term networking is cringe worthy. They picture awkward networking events, fake smiles, and sweaty handshakes. But is there another way? Can we network without feeling uncomfortable and like we are simply using people? Networking with the intent to build social capital is a viable alternative to traditional networking and presents networkers with comfort and peace of mind.
In this paper we explore what social capital is and how it differs from networking. We discuss the importance of social capital and its components. Finally, we explore how one can build social capital through networking and introduce practical steps that can assist any individual to improve their networking. Ultimately, this paper will help individuals & organizations network more comfortably, efficiently and successfully.