bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Structure in Cognition: Human Language as a Boson Gas of Entangled Words
Authors: Aerts Diederik , Beltran Lester 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe model a piece of text of human language telling a story by means of the quantum structure describing a Bose gas in a state close to a Bose–Einstein condensate near absolute zero temperature. For this we introduce energy levels for the words (concepts) used in the story and we also introduce the new notion of ‘cogniton’ as the quantum of human thought. Words (concepts) are then cognitons in different energy states as it is the case for photons in different energy states, or states of different radiative frequency, when the considered boson gas is that of the quanta of the electromagnetic field. We show that Bose–Einstein statistics delivers a very good model for these pieces of texts telling stories, both for short stories and for long stories of the size of novels. We analyze an unexpected connection with Zipf’s law in human language, the Zipf ranking relating to the energy levels of the words, and the Bose–Einstein graph coinciding with the Zipf graph. We investigate the issue of ‘identity and indistinguishability’ from this new perspective and conjecture that the way one can easily understand how two of ‘the same concepts’ are ‘absolutely identical and indistinguishable’ in human language is also the way in which quantum particles are absolutely identical and indistinguishable in physical reality, providing in this way new evidence for our conceptuality interpretation of quantum theory.
Digitale Gesundheit: Was ändert sich für den Gesundheitsbegriff?
Authors: Wieser Bernhard 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht, wie sich mit der Entwicklung digitaler Gesundheitstechnologien das Verständnis von Krankheit und Gesundheit ändert. Digitale Technologien sind in einem bedeutsamen Sinn transgressiv. Sie gehen über die kurative und präventive Medizin hinaus und überschreiten die Grenzen zu einer wunscherfüllenden Medizin, die nach Verbesserung und Optimierung des menschlichen Körpers und seiner Leistungsfähigkeit sucht. Vor allem ist digitale Medizin eine Vision. Nicht, was es bereits gibt, sondern was möglich sein könnte, wird mit diesem Begriff in Verbindung gebracht. Digitale Medizin gibt ein Versprechen ab: Wenn es gelingt, medizinisches Wissen und gesundheitsbezogene Daten umfassend zu integrieren, wird es möglich, Krankheiten besser zu heilen, ja sogar ihr Auftreten zu verhindern. In Form eines medizinischen Avatars gießt sich diese Vision in eine konkrete technologische Gestalt. Ein solcher digitaler Zwilling stellt ein Abbild aller physiologischen und psychischen Vorgänge bereit, auf dessen Basis gesundheitsbezogene Prozessabläufe simuliert und therapeutische Maßnahmen evaluiert werden können. Aufgabe sozialwissenschaftlicher Reflexion ist es nun, im Sinne einesVision Assessmentsdie Implikationen neuer Technologien zu diskutieren, bevor sie Realität geworden sind. Besonders bedeutsam sind im diskutierten Zusammenhang die technologisch vermittelten Möglichkeiten eines lückenlosen Monitorings und einer umfassenden Simulation. Durch digitale Gesundheitstechnologien ändert sich nicht nur der Interventionsmodus medizinischen Handelns, sondern auch das, was wir autonomes Subjekt nennen. Gesundheit wird zu einer quantifizierbaren Zielvorgabe und zu einer Optimierungspraxis. Letztlich befördert dies die Ökonomisierung des Sozialen und verändert in tiefgreifender Weise, wie wir uns verhalten, um unsere Gesundheit zu erhalten, Krankheiten heilen oder präventiv verhindern.
Synthesis of super high molecular weight copolymer of AM/NaA/AMPS by oxidation–reduction and controlled radical polymerization
Authors: Yan-feng Ji , Xu-long Cao , Yang-wen Zhu , Hui Xu , Xiu-zhi Sun , Hai-tao Li 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSuper high molecular weight copolymers of AM/NaA/AMPS were prepared by oxidation–reduction [OR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS)] and controlled radical polymerization [CR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS)]. The resulting copolymers were fully characterized, and the reaction conditions for their preparation were optimized. OR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS), CR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS), and conventional partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in brine solution were comprehensively characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. OR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS) and CR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS) containing AMPS monomer showed better salt resistance, temperature tolerance, and viscosification property than the conventional HPAM polymer, making them more promising for enhanced oil recovery. Through comprehensive comparison and analysis, it was found that OR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS) was more conducive for high-temperature condition due to the existence of xanthone in OR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS). On the other hand, CR-P(AM/NaA/AMPS) was more suitable for high-mineral atmosphere, which could be attributed to its higher intrinsic viscosity.
Potential role of hypothalamic microRNAs in regulation of FOS and FTO expression in response to hypoglycemia
Authors: Mussa Bashair M. , Taneera Jalal , Mohammed Abdul Khader , Srivastava Ankita , Mukhopadhyay Debasmita , Sulaiman Nabil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) is a serious complication of diabetes which is associated with the absence of physiological homeostatic counter-regulatory mechanisms that are controlled by the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Identification of biomarkers for early detection of HAAF requires an advanced understanding of molecular signature of hypoglycemia which is yet to be identified. The outcomes of the present study have shown that the viability and the apoptotic rate of the hypothalamic neurons (mHypoE-N39) were decreased significantly due to hypoglycemia in a dose-dependent fashion (p < 0.05). Although there are more than 1000 miRNAs differentially expressed in hypothalamus, only twelve miRNAs (miR-7a, miR-7b, miR-9, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-101b-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-378-3p and miR-873-5p) were correlated to two main hypothalamic regulatory proteins, FOS and FTO. Expression of these proteins was very sensitive to hypoglycemia. We demonstrated that hypoglycemia modulates the expression of hypothalamic miRNAs that are related to FOS and FTO.
Metallic and intra-band investigation of optical properties for Borophene nano-sheet: a DFT study
Authors: Abasi T. , Boochani A. , Masharian S. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, using the density functional theory framework with the FP-LAPW + lo method by GGA approximation, the electronic and optical properties such as band structure, density of states, dielectric function, energy loss function, absorption and reflection have been investigated for borophene nano-sheet. The optical properties of the borophene have been changed as the incident light direction whereas has the metallic and semiconductor behavior, in the borophene sheet and perpendicular light angles, respectively. Therefore, it can be said that the optical properties of this material are anisotropic.
Effect of incremental levels of apple pomace and multi enzyme on performance, immune response, gut development and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Aghili Amir Hosein , Toghyani Majid , Tabeidian Sayed Ali 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
During the apple processing procedures, a large amount of apple pomace is generated which is contains peel, core, seed, calyx, stem, and soft issue. The polyphenolic compounds in apple pomace are strong antioxidants that are able to counterbalance the free radicals; also, it is a rich source of many nutrients such as carbohydrates, minerals, fiber except protein. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of dried apple pomace in broilers diet.

Methods
The incremental levels of dried apple pomace (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) with and without enzyme were used in broilers diet (8 dietary treatments). The growth performance, immune response, gut development, antioxidant capacity (TAC) and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated.

Results
The lowest daily weight gain, body weight and poorest feed conversion ratio was obtained by F treatment (P < 0.05), enzyme inclusion along with dried apple pomace had positive effect on growth performance. The antibody titter against Newcastle, Influenza and SRBC was increased by C, H, G and H treatments, respectively (P < 0.05). Antibody titer against NDV, IDV, and SRBC by 4, 8, 12 and TAC by 12, 16 and 20% of dried apple pomace significantly increased. The villous height by 4, 8, 12 and crypt depth by 12, 16 and 20% dried apple pomace significantly and insignificantly decreased, respectively.

Conclusion
The results suggested that the incremental levels of dried apple pomace deteriorate growth performance, modified antibody titer production, total antioxidant capacity and blood parameters of broilers.
Sexual Activity of Patients Undergoing Testicular Sperm Extraction
Authors: Taniguchi Hisanori , Matsuda Tadashi , Nakaoka Yoshiharu , Morimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
For couples who wish for a baby, sexual activity (through intercourse) is the only way to conceive naturally. However, the sexual activity of men undergoing testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and factors that influence it among affected couples are not clearly understood.

Aim
To examine sexual activity among infertile men undergoing TESE and to identify factors that influenced it.

Methods
Married Japanese male patients undergoing TESE were included. Sexual activity during the previous month was surveyed using a questionnaire, and potential predictive factors influencing sexual activity were examined.

Main Outcome Measures
Two hundred twenty-six married men who answered a questionnaire regarding sexual frequency were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
The patient mean age was 35.8 ± 7.5 years (range 23–67) and the mean age of their partners was 32.9 ± 4.5 years (range 23–44). Most couples (n = 193) were in their first marriage, and 33 were remarried. The mean marriage duration was 52.6 ± 42.2 months (range 1–192). Microdissection TESE and conventional TESE were performed for 152 and 74 patients, respectively. Overall, the mean sexual activity during the last month was 3.6 ± 2.6 times (range 0–15). Marriage duration was negatively correlated with the frequency of sexual activity (r = −0.23; P &lt; .01). There were no correlations between sexual activity and patient age, partner age, marriage type (first marriage or remarried), testicular volume, or serum total testosterone concentration. Regression analysis showed that marriage duration (odds ratio = 1.01; 95% CI, 1.003–1.019; P = .009) and testicular volume (odds ratio = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99; P = .033) were significant predictors of low sexual activity (0–1 times/month).

Conclusion
The sexual activity of patients undergoing TESE was almost the same as reported previously. Patient age, partner age, testicular volume, and serum total testosterone concentration had no correlation with the reported frequency of sexual activity.
Outcome of combined coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement; a case series
Authors: Ahmed Okba F. , kakamad Fahmi H. , Al-Neaimy Saoud Y. , Salih Rawezh Q. , Mohammed Shvan H. , Salih Abdulwahid M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Co-presentation with both coronary and valve diseases is increasing as the age of the individuals referred for coronary artery intervention rises. The study aims to report a single center experience in combined coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement (CABG-AVR).

Methods:
This is a retrospective study from January 2014 till January 2019 in a single center. Inclusion criteria included those patients that underwent combined coronary and aortic valve procedure in a single operation. The data were collected from the hospital registry. All patients underwent preoperative coronary angiography, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), Doppler study was performed for those patients with previous stroke and peripheral vascular diseases. The cases were followed up for a mean duration of 2 years.

Result:
The study included 62 patients, 38 of them were males, the mean age was 57 years. Prosthetic mechanical valves were inserted in all of the cases, left internal mammary artery (LIMA) was harvested in all the cases, 24 patients (38.7%) had single graft, 26 cases (41.9%) two grafts, and 12 (19.3) had three grafts. The mean cross clamp time was 148.9 min and mean cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was 187 min. The overall mortality rate was 6.4% (4 patients).

Conclusion:
With maximum myocardial protection and minimum cross clamp and CPB time and meticulous technique, the outcome of combined CABG-AVR is comparable with isolated CABG or isolated AVR.

Highlights:
A Defence of Lichtenberg
Authors: Merlo Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCartesians and Lichtenbergians have diverging views of the deliverances of introspection. According to the Cartesians, a rational subject, competent with the relevant concepts, can come to know that he or she thinks – hence, that he or she exists – on the sole basis of his or her introspective awareness of his or her conscious thinking. According to the Lichtenbergians, this is not possible. This paper offers a defence of the Lichtenbergian position using Peacocke and Campbell's recent exchange on Descartes'scogitoas a framework for discussion. A thought-experiment will be presented involving two communities with radically different conceptions of the metaphysics of the self. The purpose of the thought-experiment is to suggest that a substantive metaphysical thesis, whose truth cannot be a priori known, is presupposed by any justified transition from one's introspective awareness of a certain mental activity to the self-ascription of that activity.
Environmental contamination by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: The effects of room type and cleaning methods
Authors: Lerner Anat Or , Abu-Hanna Jalal , Carmeli Yehuda , Schechner Vered 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective:
We evaluated environmental contamination by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), the effectiveness of cleaning practices, the performance of aerosolized hydrogen-peroxide (aHP) technology, and the correlation between measures of cleaning and environmental contamination.

Design:
Serial testing of environmental contamination during a 7-month period.

Setting:
Single-patient rooms in intensive care units (ICUs) and multipatient step-up and regular rooms in internal medicine wards in a tertiary-care hospital with endemic CRAB.

Methods:
CRAB environmental contamination was determined semiquantitatively using sponge sampling.

Results:
In step-up rooms, 91% of patient units (56% of objects) were contaminated, and half of them were heavily contaminated. In regular rooms, only 21% of patient units (3% of objects) were contaminated. In ICUs, 76% of single-patient rooms (24% of objects) were contaminated. Cleaning did not reduce the number of contaminated objects or patient units in step-up rooms. After refresher training, cleaning reduced the proportion of contaminated objects by 2-fold (P = .001), but almost all patient units remained contaminated. Using aerosolized hydrogen peroxide (aHP) disinfection after discharge of a known CRAB-carrier decreased room contamination by 78%, similar to the reduction achieved by manual hypochloride cleaning. Measuring cleaning efficacy using fluorescent gel did not correlate with recovery of CRAB by sponge cultures.

Conclusions:
In step-up rooms, the high number of objects contaminated combined with poor efficacy of cleaning resulted in failure to eliminate CRAB in patient units. Fluorescent gel is a poor detector of CRAB contamination. The role of aHP is still unclear. However, its use in multipatient rooms is limited because it can only be used in unoccupied rooms.
Numerical Investigation of Rayleigh, Sezawa and Love Modes in C-Axis Tilted ZNO/SI for Gas and Liquid Multimode Sensor
Authors: Laidoudi F. , Boubenider F. , Caliendo C. , Hamidullah M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTFinite element analysis is carried out to investigate the characteristics of Rayleigh, Sezawa and Love surface acoustic modes travelling along c-axis tilted ZnO layer on Si (001) half-space. The phase velocity dispersion curves, electromechanical coupling, reflectivity and mass loading sensitivity are studied for different electroacoustic coupling configurations and c-axis tilt angles θ. The behavior of Rayleigh and Sezawa modes operating as gas sensor, was simulated under the hypothesis that the ZnO free surface is covered with a thin polyisobutylene (PIB) film, 0.2 μm thick, able to selectively adsorb volatile gases at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The sensor sensitivity to gas concentration in air, i.e. the frequency shifts per unit gas concentration, is studied and compared to some common materials used in literature. The obtained results, demonstrate the feasibility of high-frequency multimode micro-sensor based on the c-axis tilted ZnO piezoelectric thin film and operating in both liquid and gaseous environments.
Temporal–spatial variations in aeolian flux on the Chinese Loess Plateau during the last 150 ka
Authors: Liu Yuming , Liu Xingxing , Ma Long , Kang Shugang , Qiang Xiaoke , Guo Fei , Sun Youbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAeolian dust deposits from continent and ocean have been extensively investigated to reflect past changes in source aridity and atmospheric circulations. Aeolian flux (AF) as a quantitative dust proxy has been widely used in both palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and numerical simulation. However, available AF data on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is too limited to assess the temporal–spatial variations at glacial–interglacial timescales, and therefore cannot be used as robust input parameters in palaeoclimate models. Here we investigate eight loess profiles along two N–S-aligned transects on the CLP to quantitatively estimate the AF variations over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. We first establish a refined chronological framework based on optically stimulated luminescence chronology and pedostratigraphic correlation. AF was then estimated by multiplying the sedimentation rate and bulk density. The results show that the AF increases from 2–18 g cm−2ka−1in the southeastern CLP to 14–105 g cm−2ka−1in the northwestern CLP. At glacial–interglacial scales, the AF varies from 2–20 g cm−2ka−1during the last interglacial to 8–105 g cm−2ka−1in the last glaciation. Due to more spatial coverage and better age constraints, our AF data can be used to refine other AF datasets and to improve the proxy–model comparison.
Evidence of ‘obstetric violence’ in India: an integrative review
Authors: Shrivastava Surbhi , Sivakami Muthusamy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe term ‘obstetric violence’ has been used to describe the mistreatment, disrespect and abuse or dehumanized care of women during childbirth by health care providers. This is a review of the existing literature in India on violence against women during childbirth. The review used the typology of Bohren et al. (2015). An internet search of PubMed, Google Scholar and JSTOR was conducted using the terms ‘obstetric violence’, ‘mistreatment’, ‘disrespect and abuse’ and ‘dehumanized care’. Studies based on empirical research on women’s experiences during childbirth in health facilities in India were included in the review. The search yielded sixteen studies: one case study, two ethnographic studies, two mixed-methods studies, three cross-sectional qualitative studies, seven cross-sectional quantitative studies and one longitudinal quantitative study. The studies were analysed using the seven categories of mistreatment outlined by Bohren et al. (2015): 1) physical abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) verbal abuse, (4) stigma and discrimination, (5) failure to meet professional standards of care, (6) poor rapport between women and providers, and (7) health system conditions and constraints. An additional category of ‘harmful traditional practices and beliefs’ emerged from the Indian literature, which was also included in the review. Although geographically limited, the selected research highlighted varying prevalences of the different forms of ‘obstetric violence’ in both public and private birth facilities in India. ‘Obstetric violence’ in India was found to be associated with socio-demographic factors, with women of lower social standing experiencing greater levels of mistreatment. In response to this normalized public health issue, a multi-pronged, rights-based framework is proposed that addresses the social, political and structural contexts of ‘obstetric violence’ in India.
Influence of treatment and refrigeration time on antimicrobial activity of goat and sheep colostrum
Authors: Ruiz-Diaz Maria D. , Argüello Anastasio , Padilla Daniel , Earley Bernadette , Castro Noemi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the studies presented in this research communication was to compare species of origin (goat and sheep) and the effect of treatment (pasteurization at 56, 63 and 72 °C, skimming and curding) and refrigeration time on colostrum antimicrobial activity (AnAc). Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, twenty-four first milking colostrum samples were obtained (12 goats, 12 sheep) and an aliquot of each sample was subjected to 6 different treatments, control (untreated), pasteurization at 56, 63 and 72 °C, skimming and curding. Colostrum AnAc was tested directly against E. coli using disks in a Petri dish and Enrofloxacin (antibiotic) and saline serum as positive and negative control, respectively. Species had no effect (P > 0.05) on colostrum AnAc, and neither did pasteurization at different temperatures or skimming. However, curding showed the lowest colostrum AnAc (P < 0.05) in both species. In the second experiment, four treatments were assayed, control, pasteurization at 56 and 63 °C and skimming. An aliquot of twelve goat colostrum samples were refrigerated after treatments for 10 d at 4 °C. Colostrum AnAc was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 d. A reduction in colostrum AnAc was observed due to refrigeration time. The results suggest that if farmers use frozen colostrum for neonates, the process of curding colostrum or refrigeration at 4 °C longer than 4 d is not recommended.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens isolated from dairy cows in Slovakia
Authors: Holko Ivan , Tančin Vladimír , Vršková Martina , Tvarožková Kristína 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe data presented in this research communication represent the first comprehensive report on the prevalence of udder pathogens and their resistance in Slovak dairy cattle breeds. A total of 633 milk samples from 42 herds were tested. The most frequently isolated pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci CNS or non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) followed by Escherichia (E.) coli, Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Streptococcus (Str.) uberis and Streptococcus (Str.) agalactiae. Generally, isolated pathogens showed common resistance to aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin), which are the most commonly used antibiotics to treat mastitis in Slovakia.