bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Man's impact on the transformation of channel patterns (the Skawa River, southern Poland)
Authors: Witkowski Karol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe research objective was to answer the question, how and why have the patterns of the channels of the lower course of the Skawa River changed over the past 200 years? This problem is important in the context of contemporary waterway construction plans in Poland. Overall, this study shows the effects of natural restoration in the event of the destruction of bank protections. The Skawa River is a mountain tributary of the Vistula River (southern Poland). In the first step, the channels were classified in the period from the 19th to the 21st centuries. In the second step, it was checked how channelization, water damming, gravel mining, embankment construction, changes in the forest area and channel incision, determined the change of the channel patterns. There were four periods in the functioning of the Skawa riverbed. In the first period (before 1901), the reaches of a natural riverbed were sinuous, braiding, or anabranching. In the second period (1901–1943), the riverbed was completely channelized. In the third period (1943–2003), the riverbed had artificial, braiding, and sinuous reaches. In the fourth period (after 2003), the riverbed had high energy anabranching and sinuous reaches. This study shows that man led to the transformation of the Skawa River channel due to the building of the network of navigable canals and rivers. This study shows how various factors can determine changes in the channel pattern, and that the destruction of bank protections enables natural restoration and forming the braided or anabranching channel pattern.
What Research Has Revealed About Readers’ Struggles With Comprehension in the Digital Age: Moving Beyond the Phonics Versus Whole Language Debate
Authors: Alexander Patricia A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to look anew at the concepts of reading, reading development, and reading research as they exist beyond the boundaries of the “science of reading” controversy. The context for this reconceptualization is reading in the digital age and the challenges that today’s readers confront daily. Those challenges include information saturation, the proliferation of misleading and malicious online content, the struggle to use valid evidence to support claims, and the tendency to treat complex issues in an overly simplistic fashion. How these concerns pertain to the ongoing “science of reading” debate is also considered. The author concludes with an overview of three recommendations for addressing the challenges faced by readers in this digital age. If they are to be realized, these recommendations require the consolidated effort of reading researchers, reading educators, school leaders, parents, policymakers, and students themselves.
Building Content Knowledge to Boost Comprehension in the Primary Grades
Authors: Cabell Sonia Q. , Hwang HyeJin 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWell‐established theoretical models and a body of empirical research elucidate the critical role of content knowledge in comprehending texts. However, the potential of supporting knowledge in service of enhancing linguistic and reading comprehension has been a relatively neglected topic in the science of reading. The authors explicate why knowledge building in English language arts instruction (i.e., content‐rich instruction) can support language and content knowledge, leading to better linguistic and reading comprehension, based on theoretical arguments and empirical studies. In particular, the authors review the evidence on this claim, paying special attention to experimental trials conducted in K–2 settings. The authors also share preliminary findings from a novel intervention study testing one instantiation of a widely used content‐rich English language arts curriculum. Whereas this growing literature base demonstrates evidence of promise, further rigorous trials are needed to examine the efficacy of this integrative approach to teaching reading for understanding.
Large‐scale assessment of intra‐ and inter‐annual breeding success using a remote camera network
Authors: Youngflesh Casey , Jones Fiona M. , Lynch Heather J. , Arthur Joan , Ročkaiová Zuzana , Torsey Holly R. , Hart Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChanges in the physical environment along the Antarctic Peninsula have been among the most rapid anywhere on the planet. In concert with environmental change, the potential for direct human disturbance resulting from tourism, scientific programs, and commercial fisheries continues to rise in the region. While seabirds, such as the gentoo penguinPygoscelis papua, are commonly used to assess the impact of these disturbances on natural systems, research efforts are often hampered by limited spatial coverage and lack of temporal resolution. Using a large‐scale remote time‐lapse camera network and a modeling framework adapted from capture‐recapture studies, we assess drivers of intra‐ and inter‐annual dynamics in gentoo penguin breeding success across nearly the entire species’ range in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. We quantify the precise timing of egg/chick mortality within each season and examine the role of precipitation events, tourism visitation, and fishing activity for Antarctic krillEuphausia superba(a principal prey resource in the Antarctic) in these processes. We find that nest failure rates are higher in the egg than the chick stage and that neither krill fishing nor tourism visitation had a strong effect on gentoo penguin breeding success. While precipitation events had, on average, little effect on nest mortality, results suggest that extreme weather events can precipitate sharp increases in nest failure. This study highlights the importance of continuous ecosystem monitoring, facilitated here by remote time‐lapse cameras, in understanding ecological responses to environmental stressors, particularly with regard to the timing of events such as extreme weather.
Physical layer rateless codes for the SATCOM on‐the‐move system with blockage
Authors: Dai Jingke , Zhao Peng , Zhang Fenggan , Chen Xiao 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPhysical layer rateless codes are employed to mitigate the link‐blockage in satellite communication on‐the‐move (SOTM) systems. Both nonsystematic raptor (NR) codes and systematic raptor (SR) codes are investigated, where the blockage‐channel is modelled as an additive white Gaussian noise‐contaminated binary erasure channel (AWGN‐BEC). The asymptotic performance of NR codes is obtained by extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) method, and it is proved theoretically that NR codes have capacity‐approaching performance on this channel. A modified EXIT method is proposed to analyze the asymptotic performance of SR codes since the channel outputs not only continuous message but also discrete message. Due to the poor performance of existing SR codes on blockage‐channels, the degree distributions are optimized and the resulting codes show much better performance. Moreover, the raptor codes are compared with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) schemes in satellite communication systems.
Full Bulk‐Structure Reconstruction into Amorphorized Cobalt–Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanosheet Electrocatalysts for Greatly Improved Electrocatalytic Activity
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Yu Chang , Niu Yingying , Wang Zhao , Kang Yingbo , Ren Yongwen , Wang Hui , Park Ho Seok , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation is considered as an innovative chemical strategy to induce the structure reconstruction for the enhanced electrocatalytic performances. However, the structure reconstruction is limited to the shallow surface, not achieving full utilization of inner active components. Herein, the full bulk‐structure reconstruction into highly active amorphorized cobalt–iron oxyhydroxide nanosheets through the electrochemical oxidation of the cobalt–iron phosphide precatalyst is reported. As confirmed by ex situ X‐ray diffraction and photoelectron, Raman, and electron energy‐loss spectroscopies, the phosphorus species leached from the phosphide provide etching effect, promoting the oxidation of residual cobalt‐iron species for in‐depth bulk amorphorization. The unique core‐shell structure of amorphorized cobalt–iron oxyhydroxide nanosheets encapsulated by the carbon shell (denoted as Co0.8Fe0.2OOH @ C) is constructed to offer highly exposed abundant active sites and fast charge transfer capability. The excellence of the full structure reconstructed Co0.8Fe0.2OOH@C electrocatalysts is confirmed demonstrating greatly improved activity (low overpotentials of 254 and 292 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2) and long‐term durability (negligible activity decay for continuous operation of 15 days at 100 mA cm−2) for oxygen evolution reaction applications.
A quasi‐experimental study comparing learning gains associated with serious educational gameplay and hands‐on science in elementary classrooms
Authors: Hodges Georgia W. , Flanagan Kayla , Lee Juyeon , Cohen Allan , Krishnan Sandhya , Ward Cynthia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSerious educational gameplay continues to gain traction in K‐12 educational settings, as access to novel technologies increases. Increased access to computers and other devices has shifted the landscape of the classroom, increasing students' screen‐time, as technology infused lessons replace other learning experiences. Amid this context, our research team created a serious educational game (SEG) designed for elementary science learners. Previous studies have linked serious gameplay to learning gains and changes in attitudes, yet the rigor of the studies often underwhelms, as the studies lack an adequate sample size, detailed student data, or quality comparison groups. These limitations are compounded in the study of science learning in elementary schools, due to structural difficulties and student variability that impede the implementation of this type of experimentation. This research attends to this knowledge gap, as our team conducted two quasi‐experimental studies to explore the learning gains associated with Virtual Vet, a SEG designed to address the fundamental science concepts associated with the human body systems and the subsequent effect of diabetes and obesity related illnesses on the given body systems. In Study 1, students (n = 232) were randomly assigned to play Virtual Vet or participate in guided inquiry lessons that addressed the same objectives. Our study found that students in the game condition outperformed the non‐game condition. Based on this finding, we designed Study 2 to compare learning outcomes associated with two conditions: students play only Virtual Vet or students play Virtual Vet and they participate in the guided inquiry activities, which doubled the instructional time for this group. Students (n = 166) were assigned to one of the conditions and we found no significant increase in learning gains for the students who participated in both activities. These results indicate that well‐designed SEGs powerfully facilitate and support science learning in elementary settings.
A novel comprehensive framework for analyzing and assessing water quality and failure consequences based on Bayesian networks
Authors: Zerouali Bilal , Zerouali Bilel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study of the effects of mixing potable water with wastewater is a complex and difficult research area. This difficulty is because water and sewage networks are subject to various physical, environmental, and operational factors. The main objective of the study was to propose a new comprehensive framework for analyzing and assessing water quality based on Bayesian networks. An intervention plan was proposed to reduce the consequences of water quality and networks failure. The proposed framework was applied to water distribution network of Mdaourouch city (Souk Ahras, Algeria) to demonstrate its effectiveness. The results indicated that the water contamination rate has reached 33.9 %, which caused severe consequences. The effectiveness of the proposed plan has been verified theoretically using simulations, and the results have proven to be very satisfactory. The proposed model is a decision support tool, which is expected to assist decision‐makers and engineers in reviewing their plans and making the right decision.Practitioner Points

This paper proposes a novel comprehensive framework for analyzing and assessing water quality and failure consequences based on Bayesian networks.

This paper revisits the failure consequences.

An intervention plan is proposed to reduce failure consequences.

Results demonstrate that the proposed plan leads to fewer consequences probabilities.

The proposed method can give the probability of failure of water and sewer network.
Costs and Precision of Fecal DNA Mark–Recapture versus Traditional Mark–Resight
Authors: Pfeiler Stephen S. , Conner Mary M. , Mckeever Jane S. , Stephenson Thomas R. , German David W. , Crowhurst Rachel S. , Prentice Paige R. , Epps Clinton W. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWildlife managers often need to estimate population abundance to make well‐informed decisions. However, obtaining such estimates can be difficult and costly, particularly for species with small populations, wide distributions, and spatial clustering of individuals. For this reason, DNA surveys and capture–recapture modeling has become increasingly common where direct observation is consistently difficult or counts are small or variable. We compared the precision, as indicated by the coefficient of variation (CV), and cost‐effectiveness of 2 methods to estimate abundance of desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) populations: traditional ground‐based mark–resight and fecal DNA capture–recapture. In the Marble Mountains in the Mojave Desert of southeastern California, USA, we conducted annual ground‐based mark–resight surveys and collected fecal samples at water sources concurrently during the dry seasons (Jun–Jul) of 2016 and 2017. Fecal DNA samples were genotyped to identify unique individuals. The Lincoln–Peterson bias‐corrected estimator and Huggins closed‐capture recapture models were used to estimate abundance for the ground‐based mark resight and fecal DNA capture–recapture, respectively. We compared costs between the 2 methods for our study and used simulations to estimate costs for a variety of possible sampling scenarios for our study system based on field‐based estimates. Population abundance estimates from fecal DNA capture–recapture achieved much greater precision (CV = 5–7%) than estimates derived from ground‐based mark–resight (CV = 21–56%). Our simulations indicated that for a population of 100, 2 sampling occasions, and resight probability of 0.20, the lowest CV obtained by mark–resight was approximately 12%. We predict the cost of abundance estimates for this level of precision (CV = 12%) from fecal DNA capture–recapture would be 28% of the cost of ground‐based mark–resight (i.e., a 72% cost reduction). We conclude that fecal DNA capture–recapture is a highly cost‐effective alternative for estimating abundance of relatively small populations (≤300) of desert bighorn sheep. More broadly, integrating simulated study designs with cost analyses provides a tool to identify the most effective method for estimating abundance over a wide variety of sampling scenarios. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A functional approach to the numerical conformal bootstrap
Authors: Paulos Miguel F. , Zan Bernardo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We apply recently constructed functional bases to the numerical conformal bootstrap for 1D CFTs. We argue and show that numerical results in this basis converge much faster than the traditional derivative basis. In particular, truncations of the crossing equation with even a handful of components can lead to extremely accurate results, in opposition to hundreds of components in the usual approach. We explain how this is a consequence of the functional basis correctly capturing the asymptotics of bound-saturating extremal solutions to crossing. We discuss how these methods can and should be implemented in higher dimensional applications.
Platelets in aging and cancer—“double-edged sword”
Authors: Faria Alessandra V. S. , Andrade Sheila S. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Ferreira-Halder Carmen V. , Fuhler Gwenny M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlatelets control hemostasis and play a key role in inflammation and immunity. However, platelet function may change during aging, and a role for these versatile cells in many age-related pathological processes is emerging. In addition to a well-known role in cardiovascular disease, platelet activity is now thought to contribute to cancer cell metastasis and tumor-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) development. Worldwide, the great majority of all patients with cardiovascular disease and some with cancer receive anti-platelet therapy to reduce the risk of thrombosis. However, not only do thrombotic diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, cancer, especially metastasis, is still the second cause of death worldwide. Understanding how platelets change during aging and how they may contribute to aging-related diseases such as cancer may contribute to steps taken along the road towards a “healthy aging” strategy. Here, we review the changes that occur in platelets during aging, and investigate how these versatile blood components contribute to cancer progression.
The behaviour of thermoplastic and thermoset carbon fibre composites subjected to low-velocity and high-velocity impact
Authors: Liu Haibao , Liu Jun , Ding Yuzhe , Zheng Jie , Kong Xiangshao , Zhou Jin , Harper Lee , Blackman Bamber R. K. , Kinloch Anthony J. , Dear John P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present paper describes the results from experimental and theoretical modelling studies on the behaviour of continuous carbon fibre/polymer matrix composites subjected to a relatively low-velocity or high-velocity impact, using a rigid, metallic impactor. Drop-weight and gas-gun tests are employed to conduct the low-velocity and high-velocity impact experiments, respectively. The carbon fibre composites are based upon a thermoplastic poly(ether–ether ketone) matrix (termed CF/PEEK) or a thermoset toughened epoxy matrix (termed CF/Epoxy), which has the same fibre architecture of a cross-ply [03/903]2slay-up. The studies clearly reveal that the CF/PEEK composites exhibit the better impact performance. Also, at the same impact energy of 10.5 ± 0.3 J, the relatively high-velocity test at 54.4 ± 1.0 m s−1leads to more damage in both types of composite than observed from the low-velocity test where the impactor struck the composites at 2.56 m s−1. The computationally efficient, two-dimensional, elastic, finite element model that has been developed is generally successful in capturing the essential details of the impact test and the impact damage in the composites, and has been used to predict the loading response of the composites under impact loading.
Characterizing spatiotemporal trends in extreme precipitation in Southeast Texas
Authors: Fagnant Carlynn , Gori Avantika , Sebastian Antonia , Bedient Philip B. , Ensor Katherine B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRainfall extreme value analysis provides information that has been crucial in characterizing risk, designing successful infrastructure systems, and ultimately protecting people and property from the threat of rainfall-induced flooding. However, in the Houston region recent events (such as the unprecedented rainfall wrought by Hurricane Harvey) have highlighted the inability of existing analyses to accurately characterize current climate conditions. Specifically, there has been little research investigating how spatial patterns of extreme precipitation have shifted through time in the Texas Gulf Coast region, which has led to mis-characterization of existing intensity–duration–frequency curves. This study investigates spatiotemporal trends in extreme precipitation in southeast Texas using a statistical approach for peaks-over-threshold modeling that employs a generalized Pareto distribution. Precipitation data from over 600 rain gauges across the region are analyzed in 40-year time windows to evaluate shifts in distribution parameters and extreme rainfall levels through time. Spatial analysis of these trends focuses on highlighting regions with increasing, stationary, and decreasing extreme rainfall through time. Results demonstrate heterogeneity in spatiotemporal trends across the entire study region, but significant increases in extreme rainfall over the Houston urban area. Spatial analysis of these trends focuses on how extreme rainfall has changed within different watersheds. Return level estimates of extreme rainfall values are also compared to the current standards for Harris County. Results from this study identify areas that have experienced significant shifts in extreme rainfall, and can help inform where design standards may be inaccurate or outdated.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Ready for Clinical Practice and Guidelines?
Authors: Kjellström Barbro , Lindholm Anthony , Ostenfeld Ellen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with high mortality. A greater understanding of the physiology and function of the cardiovascular system in PAH will help improve survival. This review covers the latest advances within cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) regarding diagnosis, evaluation of treatment, and prognostication of patients with PAH.Recent FindingsNew CMR measures that have been proven relevant in PAH include measures of ventricular and atrial volumes and function, tissue characterization, pulmonary artery velocities, and arterio-ventricular coupling.SummaryCMR markers carry prognostic information relevant for clinical care such as treatment response and thereby can affect survival. Future research should investigate if CMR, as a non-invasive method, can improve existing measures or even provide new and better measures in the diagnosis, evaluation of treatment, and determination of prognosis of PAH.
San Antonio 2019: interesting topics for daily clinical practice in breast cancer
Authors: Galid Arik 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe San Antonio Breast Cancer Summit is one of the most important meetings worldwide for physicians who treat breast cancer. As traveling there is always somewhat of an adventure due to the distance and the time of the year (winter) and access is not easy for all physicians, the goal of this article is to provide an overview of the presentations dealing with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, capecitabine, prevention, and hormone replacement therapy. Data and results should positively influence daily practice.