bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of rabies virus glycoprotein produced in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells: An efficient immunoaffinity method
Authors: Pilatti Livia , Mancini Astray Renato , Rocca Mayra Pereira , Barbosa Flavia Ferreira , Jorge Soraia Attie Calil , Butler Michael , de Fátima Pires Augusto Elisabeth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost rabies vaccines are based on inactivated virus, which production process demands a high level of biosafety structures. In the past decades, recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP) produced in several expression systems has been extensively studied to be used as an alternative vaccine. The immunogenic characteristics of this protein depend on its correct conformation, which is present only after the correct post‐translational modifications, typically performed by animal cells. The main challenge of using this protein as a vaccine candidate is to keep its trimeric conformation after the purification process. We describe here a new immunoaffinity chromatography method using a monoclonal antibody for RVGP Site II for purification of recombinant rabies virus glycoprotein expressed on the membrane of Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. RVGP recovery achieved at least 93%, and characterization analysis showed that the main antigenic proprieties were preserved after purification.
Anatomical and histological study of the alar fascia
Authors: Snosek Michael , Macchi Veronica , Stecco Carla , Tubbs R. Shane , De Caro Raffaele , Loukas Marios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe alar fascia remains one of the most variably described fascial structure in the human body. Much disagreement persists in the literature and mainstream anatomical texts about its anatomy, function, and clinical significance. It is generally described as a coronally oriented fascial sheet separating the retropharyngeal space anteriorly from the danger space posteriorly. The current study aimed to confirm the presence of the alar fascia and delineate its anatomical characteristics, connections, and potential function through gross dissection and microscopic analysis. Possible clinical and surgical implications are considered.MethodsTwelve (12) cadaveric necks were dissected and examined histologically. Smooth muscle (αSMA), nerve (S100 protein), and myosin proteins were identified immunohistologically to characterize the composition and possible functions of the alar fascia.ResultsThe alar fascia was found in all specimens spanning between the carotid sheaths. Morphologically, it was not a delamination or derivative of the prevertebral fascia. It extended from the base of the skull to the upper thoracic level (T2) where it fused with the visceral fascia. No midsagittal connection was found between the alar and visceral fasciae. Immunohistochemically, the alar fascia was positive in focal areas for αSMA and S100 proteins but negative for fast and slow myosin.ConclusionThe alar fascia is an independent and constant coronal fascial layer between the carotid sheaths. It contains neurovasculature and may limit the spread of retropharyngeal infections into the thorax as well as facilitate normal physiological functions of the cervical viscera.
Rethinking gross anatomy in a compressed time frame: Clinical symptoms, not case studies, as the basis for introductory instruction
Authors: Zill Sasha N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe goal of this observational study was to develop effective approaches to introduce first year medical students to gross anatomy/embryology in a compressed time frame. Pedagogical reorganization of anatomy instruction in the regions of Lower Extremity and Head and Neck was based upon core clinical conditions taught in second‐year and USMLE Step 1 board review courses. These conditions were not presented as clinical problems, as many students had limited prior training in medical terminology, but focused upon clinical symptoms, allowing for direct correlation of structure and function. Instruction stressed vocabulary acquisition and was extended to prepare for laboratory dissections. Overall methodology was multimodal, including “flipped” and traditional lectures, study of prosections/radiographs and small group laboratory review sessions. Content was significantly reduced: knowledge of muscle actions and innervations was required, not muscle origins and insertions. Performance was evaluated by criterion‐based written examinations that included a set of questions (34) asked repetitively over an 8 year period (n= 606 students) and by regional practical exams. Mean scores in all areas were sustained or numerically improved, despite the compression of instruction duration. Analysis showed no significant differences based upon question format or instructional modality. Despite the high performance levels, students needing assistance in learning could be identified by score distributions. A survey of students indicated that these changes effectively decreased stress and facilitated review for the USMLE Step 1 Board examination. These results suggest that training in gross anatomy can be modified to a compressed duration by instruction in the context of clinical symptomatology.
Efficacy and safety of low‐dose apatinib in ovarian cancer patients with platinum‐resistance or platinum‐refractoriness: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Ziting , Zheng Zhong , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib with a low dose of 250 mg/d in the treatment of platinum‐resistant or platinum‐refractory ovarian cancer patients.MethodsPatients with platinum‐resistant or platinum‐refractory ovarian carcinoma treated with 250 mg/d apatinib in our institution from November 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The tumor response and progression were evaluated according to the standard by incorporating the levels of CA125 and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1. CTCAE 4.03 was used to evaluate adverse events (AEs).ResultsFifty‐two eligible patients were enrolled in per‐protocol (PP) analysis and 65 patients (including 13 lost to follow‐up) were included in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis. In PP analysis, 18 patients (34.6%) had partial response (PR), 22 patients (42.3%) had stable disease (SD), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 61.5%. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 4.0 months (95% CI, 2.83‐5.17 m), and median overall survival (OS) was 25.33 months (95% CI, 17.74‐32.92 m). The objective response rate and DCR for patients in ITT analysis were 27.7% and 49.2%, respectively. The top three treatment‐related AEs were hypertension, hand‐foot syndrome, and leukopenia. Eight patients (15.4%) in PP population had grade 3 treatment‐related AEs. Previous chemotherapy lines, number of recurrences, and AEs did not affect the efficacy of apatinib. Age older than 60 was associated with higher rates of disease control and prolonged PFS (P < .05).ConclusionApatinib 250 mg/d is a feasible treatment in platinum‐resistant or platinum‐refractory epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients.
Fatal gastrointestinal bleeding due to IgA vasculitis complicated with tuberculous lymphadenitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yamauchi Norihito , Tanda Shuji , Kashiwagi Saori , Ohnishi Atsunori , Kugai Munehiro , Akazawa Takako , Matsumoto Tsuguhiro , Yamauchi Junko , Muramatsu Akira , Fujimoto Soutaro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a case of IgA vasculitis that developed during the treatment of tuberculosis. Patients with tuberculosis who are on antituberculosis treatment can be administered steroids for severe disease or complications.
Method development for in situ study of marine vanadium peroxidase based on SERS and chemometrics
Authors: Walsh Alexandra , Josefson Mats , Abrahamsson Katarina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVanadium peroxidases from marine algae are responsible for the production of ozone‐depleting compounds, volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOC). Due to the impact the release of these compounds has on the global atmospheric and biogeochemical processes, there is an interest within marine sciences in developing analytical methods for studying the various aspects of the VHOC production, particularly in situ. This study aimed to provide new methods towards the development of in situ methods within marine sciences.We demonstrate the use of design of experiments together with orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) and transposed orthogonal partial least squares (T‐OPLS) to address the qualitative spectral analysis of an enzyme‐buffer system. The measurements were performed with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on vanadium bromoperoxisase from the red algae Corallina officinalis. The chemometric tools used aimed to provide greater insights into how factors such as time, amount of gold nanoparticles and enzyme concentration influence the spectral responses and whether there was any synergy between those factors. The results acquired in this report aim to support future method development of chemometrics within in situ applications in marine sciences.
Symmetry Effects in Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Chlorin‐Quinone Dyads: Adiabatic Suppression in the Marcus Inverted Region
Authors: Abel Yvonne , Vlassiouk Ivan , Lork Enno , Smirnov Sergei , Talipov Marat R. , Montforts Franz‐Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn donor–acceptor dyads undergoing photoinduced electron transfer (PET), a direction or pathway for electron movement is usually dictated by the redox properties and the separation distance between the donor and acceptor subunits, while the effect of symmetry is less recognized. We have designed and synthesized two isomeric donor–acceptor assemblies in which electronic coupling between donor and acceptor is altered by the orbital symmetry control with the reorganization energy and charge transfer exothermicity being kept unchanged. Analysis of the optical absorption and luminescence spectra, supported by the DFT and TD‐DFT calculations, showed that PET in these assemblies corresponds to the Marcus inverted region (MIR) and has larger rate for isomer with weaker electronic coupling. This surprising observation provides the first experimental evidence for theoretically predicted adiabatic suppression of PET in MIR, which unambiguously controlled solely by symmetry.
Evaluation of Bioelectromethanogenesis Part II: Environmental Impact
Authors: Völler Dominic , Wirth Vanessa , Ehret Ralf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs already mentioned in part I bioelectromethanogenesis is a power to gas technology that is used to convert electrical power to chemical energy carriers. In this case carbon dioxide is converted to methane by electroactive microorganisms. Part I of this study reviewed the theoretical energetic demand and showed the general reaction process. This part observes the technology's environmental impact by regarding the global warming potential (GWP). According to the contemplated purpose of the reviewed technology there is a comparison to common biogas upgrading techniques.
Background Orientated Schlieren Method Applied for Liquid Systems of Strong Refractive Gradients
Authors: Meinecke Marvin , Kilzer Andreas , Weidner Eckhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA simple schlieren technique is used to visualize strong gradients of refractive index in liquids under atmospheric conditions and elevated pressure. The gradients are mainly caused by concentration differences within a thin liquid sheet. A simple system using Matlab and open source applications is designed and applied to demonstrate the challenges and limitations of a quantitative approach for strong gradients in liquids. Possibilities for the optimization regarding the detection of strong gradients are shown, but rather qualitative than quantitative results are obtained.
Visible Light‐Driven Cooperative DPZ and Chiral Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis
Authors: Lv Xinxin , Xu Hehuan , Yin Yanli , Zhao Xiaowei , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2020

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?The visible light photosensitizer DPZ.How did you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?Since I began my postdoctoral work at NUS, chiral hydrogen‐bonding catalysis, an important branch of asymmetric organocatalysis, has become the general area of focus of my research. To broaden the applications of this strategy, I proposed to exploit photocatalysis to generate highly reactive radical intermediates, thus overcoming the current limitations in both reaction and substrate types stemming from the low energy of hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The development of highly efficient organophotocatalysts and explorations of transition metal‐free cooperative photocatalysis and chiral hydrogen‐bonding catalysis have thereforebeen my research focus since 2013. My students and I strive to follow the saying “stick to the research direction, thoroughly understand the scientific challenges, and face those challenges with optimism and determination”.What is the most important personality for scientific research?To do independent, original, ground‐breaking and useful chemistry.What are your hobbies?Playing basketball, slow long distance running and reading.How do you maintain a balance between research and family?Having the understanding and support of my family is the most important thing since scientific research requires a large investment of time.Who influences you the most in your life?My parents.Chiral H‐bonding catalysis is a powerful platform for asymmetric synthesis. Nevertheless, the rather low energy of hydrogen‐bonding interactions has inspired the development of generic platforms with high reactivity, thus effectively expanding the utility of this platform by enabling the use of more kinds of readily accessible feedstocks as substrates and providing new, direct and mild synthetic approaches. To this end, we have developed a transition metal‐free cooperative photocatalysis and chiral hydrogen‐bonding catalysis platform by devising a highly efficient organophotosensitizer, DPZ. A series of important asymmetric transformations, in which the stereocentres were formed via either ionic‐type or radical‐ type bond‐forming pathways, have been developed. The successful development of several novel enantioselective protonation reactions and the construction of all‐carbon quaternary stereocentres via highly reactive radical coupling reactions robustly demonstrate the excellent catalytic ability of both DPZ as a photocatalyst and the flexible dual catalyst system.
Energy‐efficient Link Scheduling in Time‐variant Dual‐Hop 60GHz Wireless Networks
Authors: Wu Wenjia , Xu Weihong , Chen Zhouguo , Yang Ming 
Published: July 2020

SummaryDual‐hop 60 GHz wireless networks which support relay‐assisted dual‐hop transmission have been widely adopted in the recent years, aiming to prolong communication distance and bypass obstacles in 60 GHz band. However, it is very challenging to perform link scheduling in such dual‐hop architecture while considering several factors, i.e., reducing network power consumption, avoiding overloaded APs/relays and adapting to network dynamics. To this end, we investigate the problem of energy‐efficient link scheduling with load constraints (ELL), and propose solutions to deal with network dynamics. First, we present a fine‐grained energy model for dual‐hop 60 GHz networks, and formulate the ELL problem as an integer linear programming model that aims to minimize the network power consumption, while satisfying AP/relay load constraints. Then, we propose a polynomial‐time global scheduling algorithm that obtains a near‐optimal link scheduling solution via iterative relaxation, and the load constraint at each AP/relay can only be violated by at most an additive constant of two. Moreover, we present a local adjustment algorithm to adjust link‐scheduling solutions efficiently, such as client arrival/departure and link blockage, and design a hybrid algorithm that combines global scheduling and local adjustment. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments that validate our algorithms' effectiveness and efficiency.
Raman Spectroscopic Signature of Ectoine Conformations in Bulk Solution and Crystalline State
Authors: Solomun Tihomir , Hahn Marc Benjamin , Smiatek Jens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent crystallographic results revealed conformational changes of zwitterionic ectoine upon hydration. By means of confocal Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we present a detailed study of this transformation process as part of a Fermi resonance analysis. The corresponding findings highlight that all resonant couplings are lifted upon exposure to water vapor as a consequence of molecular binding processes. The importance of the involved molecular groups for water binding and conformational changes upon hydration is discussed. Our approach further shows that the underlying rapid process can be reversed by carbon dioxide saturated atmospheres. For the first time, we also confirm that the conformational state of ectoine in aqueous bulk solution coincides with crystalline ectoine in its dihydrate state, thereby highlighting the important role of a few bound water molecules.
Phosphorus and Sulfur Co‐Doped Cobaltous Oxide Synthesized by an Inorganic‐Salt‐Assisted Method: Reaction Mechanism and Electrocatalytic Application
Authors: Roy Jagadish Chandra , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Yin Huajie , Dou Yuhai , Zhang Lei , Liu Porun , Wang Yun , Zhong Yu Lin , Zhao Huijun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn inorganic‐salt‐assisted synthesis of non‐metallic heteroatom (phosphorus and sulfur) co‐doped cobaltous oxide (P/S‐CoO) has been reported. Potassium sulphate (K2SO4) was used as inorganic source of sulfur (S), while triphenyl phosphine (PPh3) was used as phosphorus (P) source. A stepwise mechanistic investigation into the doping process revealed that the decomposition of PPh3 triggered the release of both the elemental sulfur and phosphorus because of the reducing reaction environment. The transformation of cobalt‐PPh3 complex into cubic cobalt (II) oxide along with the successful co‐doping (P and S) was achieved by high temperature calcination at 800 °C but preserved the bulk CoO crystalline structure. The as synthesized P/S‐CoO demonstrated an unprecedented enhancement on the oxygen evolution activity compare to that of pristine CoO with the current density of 10 mA/cm2 at the overpotential of 293 mV in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte and profound stability at different current densities.
Multiparallel processing for enhancing the V2V clustering performance
Authors: Daoud Omar R. , Hamarsheh Qadri J. , Damati Ahlam A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn order to support the demand of the users in the new generation wireless systems (such as the smart interaction between the mobile devices and the mobile human), the resources of the intelligent transportation system should be utilized efficiently. Thus, the network structure adaptation due to the rapid changes in such communication process should be investigated. This is in addition to save the direct impact of the network resources such as high speed data transmission and data processing. Based on the standards for both of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) and IEEE 802.11p, two main propositions have been examined to attain the improvement in such intelligent systems performance. In this paper, we improved the QoS and proposed a clustering algorithm named MP‐RC‐MBOFDM. It groups the mobile nodes based on their speeds with some modified head assignments processes. This will be combined with a parallel‐processing technique and a wavelet processing stage to optimize the transmitted power phenomenon.The simulation results of five main efficiency factors that have been involved, namely, complementary cumulative distributions, bit rates, energy efficiency, the cluster head life time, and the ordinary nodes reattaching‐head average times, show the feasibility of the new proposition in the V2V data transmission.
Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma transformed from prostatic adenocarcinoma following androgen deprivation therapy: A case report with clinicopathologic and molecular findings
Authors: Lau Hubert D. , Clark Melissa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the prostate is a rare and clinically aggressive entity that may arise de novo or through transformation of prostatic adenocarcinoma, typically following hormonal or radiation therapy. Confirmation of prostatic origin, especially when evaluating a metastatic focus, often requires correlation with clinical and imaging findings, as the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of SCC are not organ‐specific. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) may provide additional information useful for confirming the primary site and for identifying potential targeted therapy options. CGP data may also contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of squamous differentiation in prostatic malignancies. However, these data are limited, and to our knowledge, there are only three previously published cases of prostatic SCC with reported CGP findings. Herein, we report a case of metastatic keratinizing SCC diagnosed by core needle biopsy in a 68‐year‐old man with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma status post radical prostatectomy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). NKX3.1 immunohistochemistry was negative. CGP was performed, and aTMPRSS2‐ERGfusion, among other genetic alterations, was detected, supporting a diagnosis of metastatic SCC transformed from prostatic adenocarcinoma following ADT. This case supports the use of CGP or other molecular techniques not only to query potential targeted therapy options but also to refine the diagnosis and confirm the primary site of disease in cases with non‐specific morphologic and immunophenotypic features, such as SCC.
Monitoring tropical forest succession at landscape scales despite uncertainty in Landsat time series
Authors: Caughlin T. Trevor , Barber Cristina , Asner Gregory P. , Glenn Nancy F. , Bohlman Stephanie A. , Wilson Chris H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractForecasting rates of forest succession at landscape scales will aid global efforts to restore tree cover to millions of hectares of degraded land. While optical satellite remote sensing can detect regional land cover change, quantifying forest structural change is challenging. We developed a state‐space modeling framework that applies Landsat satellite data to estimate variability in rates of natural regeneration between sites in a tropical landscape. Our models work by disentangling measurement error in Landsat‐derived spectral reflectance from process error related to successional variability. We applied our modeling framework to rank rates of forest succession between 10 naturally regenerating sites in Southwestern Panama from about 2001 to 2015 and tested how different models for measurement error impacted forecast accuracy, ecological inference, and rankings of successional rates between sites. We achieved the greatest increase in forecasting accuracy by adding intra‐annual phenological variation to a model based on Landsat‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The best‐performing model accounted for inter‐ and intra‐annual noise in spectral reflectance and translated NDVI to canopy height via Landsat–lidar fusion. Modeling forest succession as a function of canopy height rather than NDVI also resulted in more realistic estimates of forest state during early succession, including greater confidence in rank order of successional rates between sites. These results establish the viability of state‐space models to quantify ecological dynamics from time series of space‐borne imagery. State‐space models also provide a statistical approach well‐suited to fusing high‐resolution data, such as airborne lidar, with lower‐resolution data that provides better temporal and spatial coverage, such as the Landsat satellite record. Monitoring forest succession using satellite imagery could play a key role in achieving global restoration targets, including identifying sites that will regain tree cover with minimal intervention.