bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Unit-Based Clinical Pharmacist on Communication of Medication Information in an Orthopedic Hospital
Authors: Guerin Kelly , Quinlan Patricia , Wessolock Robert , Goldberg Stephanie , Nguyen Joseph T. , Stone Patricia W. 
Published: February 2020

Background Medication management, a complex yet essential part of patient care, requires that clinicians and patients understand indication, dosage, frequency, and adverse effects in order to maximize benefits and minimize errors, as well as to transition patients from hospital to home. Clinical pharmacists improve care transitions and safety by interacting with patients, prescribers, and nurses on medication management and self-care. However, little is known on the use of clinical pharmacists on interdisciplinary teams at the unit level within orthopedics. Questions/Purposes This study sought to measure the impact of unit-based clinical pharmacists on patient perceptions of communication specific to medication during hospitalization at an orthopedic specialty hospital and on the frequency of medication errors. Methods A retrospective, quasi-experimental, two-group evaluative design with nonequivalent controls was used. Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) data on six inpatient units was analyzed 6 months before and 6 months after assignment of clinical pharmacists to half these units. Data specific to questions that measure quality of communication as well as medication understanding were analyzed. Additionally, data on medication error frequency were collected and compared between units with and without clinical pharmacists. Results A total of 2022 surveys were analyzed. The percentage of patients who reported receipt of medication information and medication understanding increased significantly after the implementation of unit-based clinical pharmacists. Comparison of intervention and non-intervention groups showed no statistically significant difference in the frequency of medication errors. Conclusion Results suggest that a clinical pharmacist assigned to an inpatient unit in orthopedics significantly influences patient perceptions of communication about and understanding of their medications.
Advances in Spinal Fusion Strategies in Adult Deformity Surgery
Authors: Steinberger Jeremy , York Philip , Virk Sohrab , Kim Han Jo 
Published: February 2020

Background As the frequency of adult deformity surgery (ADS) continues to increase, our understanding of techniques that enhance fusion must continue to evolve because pseudarthrosis can be a serious and costly event. Purposes/Questions We sought to conduct a review of the literature investigating techniques that can enhance outcomes of ADS. Methods Two databases were searched for keywords such as “advances in spinal fusion,” “new technology in adult spinal deformity,” “interbody devices for adult spinal deformity,” “adult spinal deformity rods,” and “screw design in adult spinal deformity” to examine recent literature and trends in ADS. Results We identified 45 articles for our review. Topics studied include the use of multiple rods, interbody fusion, distal fixation techniques, and bone morphogenetic protein or iliac crest bone graft. Conclusions Many recent innovations in treatments to enhance fusion in ADS have been studied, some more controversial than others. Further research into the efficacy of these techniques may increase fusion rates in ADS.
Modeling Coastal Marsh Restoration Benefits in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fricano Gail F. , Baumann Matthew S. , Fedeli Katie , Schlemme Claire E. , Carle Melissa Vernon , Landry Mel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtensive salt marsh restoration is expected in the northern Gulf of Mexico over the next several decades, funded in part by settlements from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Understanding the ecological benefits of restored marshes over time is integral to setting appropriate restoration targets and performance criteria and in determining the restoration area needed to achieve desired restoration goals and offset quantified natural resource injuries. We present a method for quantifying anticipated ecological benefits associated with marsh restoration projects, particularly marsh creation or enhancement through the placement of dredged material, in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Using salt marsh vegetation (percent cover, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass) and indicator faunal species (periwinkle snails and amphipods) as representative marsh community components, we used resource equivalency analysis (REA) to model projected ecological benefits over time and quantified total net project benefits for a hypothetical marsh creation project in Barataria Bay, Louisiana. Sensitivity analysis of the resulting model suggests that the recovery trajectories for each marsh component were the most important drivers of modeled restoration benefits and that model uncertainty was greatest for marsh fauna, which has limited data availability compared to marsh vegetation and high natural variability. Longer-term monitoring at restored restoration sites and/or targeted monitoring of older restoration projects would reduce variability in the recovery trajectories for the marsh community components examined in this case study and improve the reliability of the REA model for projecting benefits associated with salt marsh restoration.
Analyse der Interaktionen im direkten Block als vorbereitende und abschließende Angriffshandlung in zufällig ausgewählten Hauptrundenspielen der easyCredit Basketball Bundesliga 2017/18
Authors: Remmert Hubert , Lysien Mike 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer direkte Block (engl. „ball screen“, meist als Pick & Roll mit Abrollen des Blockstellers zum Korb ausgeführt) besitzt seit vielen Jahren einen hohen Stellenwert im Leistungsbasketball und wird in Positions- und Schnellangriffen gegen Mann-Mann- sowie Ball-Raum-Verteidigungsvarianten eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Studie analysiert die Häufigkeiten und Erfolgsquoten direkter Blocks zur Vorbereitung finaler Abschlusshandlungen und als direkte Abschlusshandlung anhand einer Zufallsstichprobe der Hauptrundenspiele der easyCredit Basketball Bundesliga 2017/18. Insgesamt 2555 Angriffssequenzen wurden mit einem an Remmert angelehnten Kategoriensystem mit Hilfe der Spielanalysesoftware utilius vs® detailliert beschrieben und quantitativ ausgewertet. Mit 19,9 % der Abschlusshandlungen und 26,4 % der vorbereitenden Abschlusshandlungen ist der quantitative Anteil der Blocks im Vergleich zu aktuellen internationalen Studien (siehe „Problemstellung“) niedrig. Die Erfolgsquote liegt jedoch mit durchschnittlich 1,22 Punkten pro Angriffsversuch (PPA) höher als die 1,16 PPA der 1‑gegen-1-Abschlüsse. 86,7 % der direkten Blocks zum Angriffsabschluss werden als aktive Blocks gestellt und sind mit 1,25 PPA überdurchschnittlich erfolgreich. Das Über-den-Block-Gehen und Switch sind die häufigsten Verteidigungsvarianten gegen direkte Blocks, erstere ist mit nur 1,08 zugelassenen PPA deutlich erfolgreicher. Die häufigste offensive Lösung im direkten Block ist der Wurf des Ballbesitzers, der mit 1,13 PPA jedoch nur mäßig lukrativ ist. Durchbruch und Abrollen sind mit 1,28 und 1,31 PPA effektiver. Gewinnerteams erzielen durchschnittlich 1,33 PPA aus direkten Blocks zum Angriffsabschluss, Verliererteams nur 1,10 PPA. Sie sind damit deutlich effektiver und verteidigen erfolgreicher.
Discovering key interactions. How student interactions relate to progress in mathematical generalization
Authors: Varhol Astrid , Drageset Ove Gunnar , Hansen Monica Nymoen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article presents a study of 8th grade students working in groups to solve a task about generalizing patterns. The study aimed to openly explore how progress in mathematical thinking might relate to the discourse. To do this, we first studied both separately. The progress in mathematical thinking was studied by inspecting how the groups progressed through different levels of generalization. The discourse was studied by characterizing each student interaction. When combining these, we realized that some specific types of interactions were related to students progressing to a higher level of generalization. We call these key interactions, and they were mainly of the types of advocating, locating, and reformulating. These seem clearly important for identifying evidence of progress during the discourses, but might also be helpful for understanding how specific types of interactions relates to sharing and growing mathematical thinking.
The effects of truncating the angle count sampling method on the Austrian National Forest Inventory
Authors: Berger Ambros , Gschwantner Thomas , Schadauer Klemens 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Key message

Truncating the angle count sampling plots leads to a higher stock estimate because fewer trees are missed. It also causes a higher uncertainty of the estimates.

Context
The Austrian National Forest Inventory changed its plot design to angle count sampling plots that are limited to circles of 300 m2. A fixed plot size is beneficial for multistage inventory systems.

Aims
This study aims to quantify the ensuing effects on the national forest inventory on the plot and the national level regarding stock estimates and their uncertainty along with effects on as well as of upper diameter models.

Methods
Fully surveyed large-scale plots with simulated angle count samples were used to gauge the increase of variability. The full NFI 2007/09 data set was employed to simulate truncations at different distances as well as to parameterise eight alternatives for upper diameter models and to analyse the effects on the stock estimates.

Results
There is an increase in the stock estimate because the probability of missing sample trees is reduced. The change in upper diameter models had little effect.

Conclusion
The truncation removes a source of bias, facilitates field work, and is a favourable way forward.
Dearomatized Isoprenylated Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives with Potential Antitumor Activities from Hypericum henryi
Authors: Ye Yan-Song , Wu Man , Jiang Na-Na , Lao Yuan-Zhi , Fu Wen-Wei , Liu Xia , Yang Xing-Wei , Zhang Juan , Xu Hong-Xi , Xu Gang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of dearomatized isoprenylated acylphloroglucinols derivatives, hyperhenols A–E (1–5), as well as seven known analogues (6–12), were characterized from Hypericum henryi. Their structures were determined by combination of NMR, ECD spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 6–8 were tested to exhibit potential antitumor properties, of which 6 and 7 inhibited cell growth through inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, these compounds could induce autophagy and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in cancer cell lines, as well as suppress lung cancer A549 cells metastasis in vitro.
Efficacy of a “Checklist” Intervention Bundle on the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Candida Bloodstream Infections: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Study
Authors:   for the COMIC Study Group, Vena Antonio , Bouza Emilio , Corisco Rafael , Machado Marina , Valerio Maricela , Sánchez Carlos , Muñoz Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
To evaluate the clinical impact of a comprehensive care bundle for the management of candidemia.

Methods
A quasi-experimental pre-post study was implemented. During the pre-intervention period (May 2014–September 2015), a non-mandatory antifungal stewardship program (ASP) was implemented, and patients with candidemia were visited by an infectious disease specialist who provided diagnostic and therapeutic advice according to standard of care as soon as possible. During the post-intervention period (October 2015–May 2017), patients were managed according to a candidemia care bundle with clear and structured recommendations written in their medical history.

Results
Overall, 109 patients were included, 56 in the pre-intervention and 53 in the post-intervention period. Overall, compliance with the Candida bundle significantly improved between the pre- [27/56 (48.2%)] and post-intervention [43/53 (81.1%); p = 0.01] period. Individual bundle components that significantly improved in the post-intervention period were early adequate antifungal therapy [47/56 (83.9%) vs. 51/53 (96.2%), p = 0.05], early adequate source control of the infection [37/56 (82.2%) vs. 41/53 (97.6%), p = 0.03] and appropriate duration of therapy [27/56 (48.2%) vs. 43/53 (81.1%), p = 0.01]. Adherence to follow-up blood cultures, ophthalmologic examination and echocardiography improved in the post-intervention period, but the difference was not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis revealed that being managed according to candidemia bundle had a favorable impact on 14-day mortality (HR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.45, p = 0.02) and 30-day mortality (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18–0.89, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
A simple bundle focused on increasing adherence to a few evidence-based interventions contributed to a significant reduction in 14- and 30-day mortality in patients with candidemia.
Orofacial granulomatosis: a questionnaire study among Norwegian dental clinicians
Authors: Skaare A. B. , Hovden E. S. , Herlofson B. B. , Søland T. M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims
To evaluate awareness on orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) and oral Crohn disease (oral CD) among Norwegian dental clinicians.

Methods
A precoded questionnaire (QuestBack) was sent electronically to dentists and dental hygienists treating children and adolescents in the public dental service (PDS) in Norway. Data on the clinicians’ knowledge of OFG and oral CD related to working experience were analysed by Chi square tests and bivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 1097 clinicians were invited to participate, 778 dentists and 319 dental hygienists; 48.2% returned the completed form. Fifty-four percent of the participants had ≥ 10 year experience of clinical practice. Two-thirds (68.4%) of the dentists and all but one of the dental hygienists graduated in Norway. Approximately half of the respondents were aware of OFG (41.2%) and oral CD (57.8%). One-quarter (24.6%) reported that they most likely had seen a patient with OFG and 20.6% with oral CD. Recently graduated dentists (≤ 10 years ago) were more aware of OFG and oral CD than those who graduated > 10 years ago (p ≤ 0.001). Regarding dental hygienists, this difference was observed for OFG only (p < 0.05). Country of education did not affect the clinicians’ reported knowledge. Approximately 90% would refer a patient suspected of having OFG or oral CD either to a dental specialist or to a physician.

Conclusion
The high prevalence of clinicians observing OFG and oral CD in this study may indicate that OFG and/or oral CD are under-reported and that OFG in particular is more common than hitherto believed. The high frequency of awareness was promising for the benefit of the patients.
Neuroimaging as a Tool for Individualized Treatment Choice in Depression: the Past, the Present and the Future
Authors: Godlewska Beata R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This paper aims to review the findings on neuroimaging as a tool for facilitating individualized treatment choice in depression.

Recent Findings
Neuroimaging has allowed the exploration of neural candidates for response biomarkers. In less than two decades, the field has expanded from small single drug studies to large multisite initiatives testing multiple interventions; from simple analytical methods to employing artificial intelligence, with an aim of establishing models based on a variety of data, such as neuroimaging, biological, psychological and clinical measures.

Summary
Neural biomarkers of response may play an important role in treatment response prediction. It seems likely that they will need to be considered together with other types of data in complex models in order to achieve the high accuracy and generalizability of results necessary for clinical use.
Fucoidan-Based Theranostic Nanogel for Enhancing Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Cho Mi Hyeon , Li Yan , Lo Pui-Chi , Lee Hyeri , Choi Yongdoo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, a fucoidan-based theranostic nanogel (CFN-gel) consisting of a fucoidan backbone, redox-responsive cleavable linker and photosensitizer is developed to achieve activatable near-infrared fluorescence imaging of tumor sites and an enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT) to induce the complete death of cancer cells. A CFN-gel has nanomolar affinity for P-selectin, which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor neovascular endothelial cells as well as many other cancer cells. Therefore, a CFN-gel can enhance tumor accumulation through P-selectin targeting and the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Moreover, a CFN-gel is non-fluorescent and non-phototoxic upon its systemic administration due to the aggregation-induced self-quenching in its fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation. After internalization into cancer cells and tumor neovascular endothelial cells, its photoactivity is recovered in response to the intracellular redox potential, thereby enabling selective near-infrared fluorescence imaging and an enhanced PDT of tumors. Since a CFN-gel also shows nanomolar affinity for the vascular endothelial growth factor, it also provides a significant anti-tumor effect in the absence of light treatment in vivo. Our study indicates that a fucoidan-based theranostic nanogel is a new theranostic material for imaging and treating cancer with high efficacy and specificity.
GIM and BIM
Authors: Herle Stefan , Becker Ralf , Wollenberg Raymond , Blankenbach Jörg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGeospatial information modelling (GIM) is used for decades to document phenomena of the real world. Visualizing and analysing GIM data are usually accomplished by geographic information system tools. The construction industry, on the other hand, uses usually computer-aided design (CAD) tools to plan buildings. With the introduction of building information modelling (BIM), modelling in CAD was enhanced to the entire life cycle of constructions. BIM and GIM are not independent of each other, e.g. BIM uses geospatial data for planning purposes. However, integrating both is challenging since the modelling methods differ. The paper describes approaches to establish interoperability between models of both domains. A literature review reveals the problems and challenges different researchers tackled to achieve interoperability.
Confined jets in co-flow: effect of the flow rate ratio and lateral position of a return cannula on the flow dynamics
Authors: Lemétayer Julien , Broman Lars Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCo-axial tubes have been used to produce a co-flowing confined jet similar to that found in an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation return cannula flow configuration. Particle Image Velocimetry was used to investigate the flow rate ratio between jet and co-flow as well as changes in flow characteristics due to cannula position. The flow was found to be dominated by three main structures: lateral flow entrainment, shear layer induced vortices and backflow along the wall. An increase in cannula flow rate amplified entrainment and recirculation, resulting in a decrease in length required to reach a fully developed flow. Changing cannula position relative the outer cylinder induced a significant reduction in recirculation zone as well as vortex formation on the side to which the cannula was tilted towards, whereas on the other side, the recirculating flow region was enhanced. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition demonstrated that the dominating structure found in the flow is the backflow, composing of several structures having different oscillation frequencies. The significance of the observed and measured flow structures is in enhancing mixing.
Bridges and Bonds: The Role of British Merchant Bank Intermediaries in Latin American Trade and Finance Networks, 1825–1850
Authors: BUCHNEA EMILY 
Published: February 2020

In the first half of the nineteenth century, transatlantic trade and finance networks were complex webs of transactions often consisting of lengthy chains of connections linking distant firms to distant markets. As a number of scholars have shown, merchant bankers of the nineteenth century were at the center of many of these networks, acting as an interconnected and often impenetrable group that dictated the flow of capital and investment across many borders. Most recently, scholars such as Manuel Llorca-Jaña, Manuel López-Morell, and Juliette Levy (to name a few) have produced a number of especially significant publications on the role of financial intermediaries in Latin America. Llorca-Jaña’s and López-Morrell’s work has been essential for illuminating the role of London bankers Huth & Co. and Rothschilds (respectively) in creating a global network that included Latin American markets and trades, while Levy’s work has highlighted the role of special financial players in inland markets, namely in the Yucatan. This paper aims to build on this previous work through an analysis of crucial network actors in Anglo-American merchant bank networks in the first half of the nineteenth century. To conduct a varied and general analysis, this paper will draw on the correspondence records of the Baring Bros. and N. M. Rothschild, two of the most well-known and profitable London merchant banks of the period. Through this material, this study will present an analysis of British merchant bank connectivity and the role of intermediaries in connecting merchant banks to distant markets and clients, such as the mining districts of interior Mexico and the sugar merchants of Cuba.
Nonlinear fractional Laplacian problems with nonlocal ‘gradient terms’
Authors: Abdellaoui Boumediene , Fernández Antonio J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLet$\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N} $, N ≽ 2, be a smooth bounded domain. For s ∈ (1/2, 1), we consider a problem of the form
$$\left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} (-\Delta)^s u = \mu(x)\, \mathbb{D}_s^{2}(u) + \lambda f(x), & {\rm in}\,\Omega, \\ u= 0, & {\rm in}\,\mathbb{R}^{N} \setminus \Omega,\end{array}\right.$$
where λ > 0 is a real parameter, f belongs to a suitable Lebesgue space, $\mu \in L^{\infty}$ and $\mathbb {D}_s^2$ is a nonlocal ‘gradient square’ term given by
$$\mathbb{D}_s^2 (u) = \frac{a_{N,s}}{2} \int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}} \frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^2}{|x-y|^{N+2s}}\,{\rm d}y.$$
Depending on the real parameter λ > 0, we derive existence and non-existence results. The proof of our existence result relies on sharp Calderón–Zygmund type regularity results for the fractional Poisson equation with low integrability data. We also obtain existence results for related problems involving different nonlocal diffusion terms.
Nationalization and Regionalization in the Canadian Party System, 1867–2015
Authors: Pruysers Scott , Sayers Anthony , Czarnecki Lucas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe regionalization of the Canadian party system is a topic that has occupied Canadian scholars for decades. While there have undoubtedly been periods of significant regionalization (for example, the 1990s) and while these periods have been well documented, there has been very little systematic study of regionalization/nationalization in the Canadian party system. We address this gap by exploring nationalization of the Canadian party system from 1867 to 2015. To do so, we apply two measures. First, we consider how nationalized party competition is by exploring the extent to which parties compete in districts across the entire country. Second, we compliment this approach by applying the Gini coefficient to vote shares, revealing the extent to which Canadian parties have (un)even electoral support from province to province. In doing so, we explore not only the system as a whole but individual parties as well.