bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomics of selectively neutral genetic structure and herbicide resistance in UK populations of Alopecurus myosuroides
Authors: Dixon Andrea , Comont David , Slavov Gancho T , Neve Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlopecurus myosuroides (blackgrass) is a major weed in Europe with known resistance to multiple herbicide modes of action. In the UK, there is evidence that blackgrass has undergone a range expansion. In this paper, genotyping‐by‐sequencing and population‐level herbicide resistance phenotypes are used to explore spatial patterns of selectively neutral genetic variation and resistance. We also perform a preliminary genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and genomic prediction analysis to evaluate the potential of these approaches for investigating nontarget site herbicide resistance.RESULTSBlackgrass was collected from 47 fields across the British Isles and up to eight plants per field population (n = 369) were genotyped by Restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD)‐sequencing. A total of 20 426 polymorphic loci were identified and used for population genetic analyses. Phenotypic assays revealed significant variation in herbicide resistance between populations. Population structure was weak (FST = 0.024–0.048), but spatial patterns were consistent with an ongoing westward and northward range expansion. We detected strong and consistent Wahlund effects (FIS = 0.30). There were no spatial patterns of herbicide resistance or evidence for confounding with population structure. Using a combination of population‐level GWAS and genomic prediction we found that the top 20, 200, and 2000 GWAS loci had higher predictive abilities for fenoxaprop resistance compared to all markers.CONCLUSIONThere is likely extensive human‐mediated gene flow between field populations of the weed blackgrass at a national scale. The lack of confounding of adaptive and neutral genetic variation can enable future, more extensive GWAS analyses to identify the genetic architecture of evolved herbicide resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Lyapunov‐based consistent discretization of stable homogeneous systems
Authors: Sanchez Tonametl , Polyakov Andrey , Efimov Denis 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this article, we propose a discretization scheme for asymptotically stable homogeneous systems. This scheme exploits the information provided by a homogeneous Lyapunov function of the system. The main features of the scheme are: (1) the discretization method is explicit and; (2) the discrete‐time system preserves the asymptotic stability, the convergence rate, and the Lyapunov function of the original continuous‐time system.
Comparison of experimental and computational methods for discharge measurements from tidal wetlands
Authors: Harding Samuel F. , Coleman André M. , Roegner G. Curtis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis short communication describes the use and comparison of three methods used to calculate the flow discharge from tidal wetland streams. The techniques presented are (a) bottom‐mounted ADCP deployments, (b) vessel‐mounted ADCP transects, and (c) a volume inundation spatial model that relies on a high‐resolution LiDAR dataset and time‐series of water surface elevation data. The relative agreement between these three methods is used to build confidence in the application of these techniques to the challenge of deducing discharge from tidal wetlands.
Redesign or relabel? How a commercial curriculum and its implementation oversimplify key features of the NGSS
Authors: Lowell Benjamin R. , Cherbow Kevin , McNeill Katherine L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) requires many teachers to drastically change their classroom instruction. Curricular materials offer a tool to support this transition, but there are questions about the degree to which available curricula truly reflect the shifts required by the NGSS. This study proposes a framework of four key elements of NGSS design that can be used to analyze both curriculum and instruction for alignment to the NGSS. The four key elements include phenomenon‐based, three‐dimensional, supports student epistemic agency, and coherent. We used this analytic framework to analyze one commercially available middle school curriculum and its implementation in two classrooms. We found that the curriculum and instruction oversimplified the complex vision of science learning required by using natural phenomena primarily as hooks or examples, creating lessons in which students engaged in core ideas and science practices but separately in service of different goals, placing the cognitive load on the teacher to do most of the sensemaking rather than the students, and having the teacher, rather than the students, build coherence between the lessons. Our work suggests that future curriculum should focus on asking students to tell ahow and whystory around a phenomenon to support three‐dimensionality, student epistemic agency, and coherence. Furthermore, future work should explore how educative elements can highlight and illustrate the vision of NGSS‐aligned instruction and the use of well‐aligned curricula in a variety of settings including curriculum‐based professional development.
Kinetic Enhancement of Sulfur Cathodes by N‐Doped Porous Graphitic Carbon with Bound VN Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Chen Shang , Gong Wenbin , Meng Xiaodong , Ma Junpeng , Zhang Jie , Zheng Lirong , Abruña Héctor D. , Geng Jianxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reaction kinetics of sulfur cathodes generally control the performance of lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Here, N‐doped porous graphitic carbon with bound VN nanocrystals (3D VN@N‐PGC), which is synthesized in one pot by heating a mixture of glucose as C source, urea as N source, and NH4VO3 as V source, is reported to be an superior electrocatalytic cathode host for Li−S batteries. Notably, the VN nanocrystals, strongly bound to the N‐PGC network, form via in situ reactions among the thermolytic products of starting materials. The dopant N atoms and bound VN nanocrystals exhibit synergistic electrocatalytic effects to promote the cathode reactions of the Li−S cells. The observed enhancements are supported by density functional theory simulations and by the observation of electrocatalytic N‐ and V‐intermediate species, via X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy. Li−S cells assembled using 3D VN@N‐PGC as cathode host exhibit superior performance in terms of specific capacity (1442 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C), rate capability (641 mA h g−1 at 4 C), and cycle life (466 mA h g−1 after 1700 cycles at 2 C, corresponding to a capacity decay of 0.020% per cycle). The one‐pot methodology is facile and scalable and offers a new approach for synthesis of various metal nitride‐containing materials for other electrocatalytic applications.
Single Mesopores with High Surface Charges as Ultrahigh Performance Osmotic Power Generators
Authors: Gao Mengyao , Tsai Pei‐Ching , Su Yen‐Shao , Peng Po‐Hsien , Yeh Li‐Hsien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous studies on osmotic power generators with nanoscale pores are conducted. However, their performance output is limited because of the finite osmotic current and conductance from such tiny pores. Here, a proof‐of‐concept study demonstrating that the rectified mesopore (sub‐micrometer‐scale pore) with high surface charges can be applied in osmotic energy conversion is reported. A single conical mesopore of ≈405 nm in tip diameter, which can reach an osmotic conductance as high as 0.284 μS (corresponding to a current of 27.5 nA and voltage of 97 mV), enables a record‐high power of 667 pW under a 1000‐fold salinity gradient, more than doubling all of the state‐of‐the‐art single‐pore osmotic power generators reported. This work extends the knowledge of osmotic energy with solid‐state pores from nanoscale to mesoscale and opens up a promising avenue toward ultrahigh performance osmotic power.
Toward a conceptual framework explaining the strategic factors responsible for mobile product innovation success in an emerging African market
Authors: Ngugi Benjamin K. , Elliot Esi Abbam , Blankson Charles 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates and then develops a conceptual framework explaining the strategic factors responsible for mobile product innovations success in an emerging market. Our methodology is based on a qualitative case study research design approach using grounded theory concerning Safaricom's organization and product innovations in East African markets and Kenya in particular. We find that Safaricom's innovation success stems from a combination of four winning strategic factors: continuous innovation, reconfiguration and repositioning of failed innovations, elevation of key successful innovation into strategic assets, and combination of strategic assets into a prime business ecosystem. We integrate these strategies to form the Mobile Technology Innovation Cycle as a contribution to product innovation theory and practice.
Nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater in a novel hybrid anoxic‐oxic biofilm reactor at different reflux ratios
Authors: Burov Vladimir E. , Li Jianzheng , Meng Jia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA lab‐scale hybrid anoxic‐oxic biofilm reactor (HAOBR) with one anoxic compartment and two oxic compartments in sequence was constructed to treat domestic wastewater in this study. Performance of the HAOBR was evaluated at 25°C and hydraulic retention time 12 hr with reflux ratio increased from 100% to 300% by stages. The results showed that COD, , and TN removal presented an increasing trend with the increase of reflux ratio by stages. At the optimal reflux ratio of 300%, removal of COD, , and TN averaged 83.9%, 99.0%, and 80.8%, respectively. Analysis about pollutant concentration in each compartment of the HAOBR revealed that the excellent pollutant removal was mainly achieved by the cooperation of nitrification in 3rd oxic compartment and denitrification in 1st anoxic compartment. Denitrification in the anoxic zone of 2nd oxic compartment would also contribute to the nitrogen removal. The higher nitrogen removal of the HAOBR at the reflux ratio of 300% is attributed to the presence of the anammox in the 1st anoxic compartment, which is mainly due to the lower COD concentration in the compartment at the higher reflux ratio.Practitioner points

A hybrid anoxic‐oxic baffled reactor was built to treat domestic wastewater.

Effect of reflux ratio and mechanism of nitrogen removal were investigated.

Reflux ratio 300% was favorable for COD, and TN removal.

The removal of COD, and TN averaged 84.4%, 99.0% and 80.8%, respectively.

Cooperation of nitrification, denitrification and anammox dominated the high nitrogen removal at the higher reflux ratio of 300%.
Forschungsfelder für Künstliche Intelligenz in der strategischen Produktplanung
Authors: Ködding Patrick , Dumitrescu Roman 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Megatrend Digitalisierung durchdringt alle Bereiche des täglichen Lebens von Unternehmen und Individuen. Insbesondere das produzierende Gewerbe befindet sich in einem tiefgreifenden Wandel. Die Digitalisierung löst als Schlüsseltreiber der Innovationen des 21. Jahrhunderts grundlegende Veränderungen in der Produktentstehung aus. Auf der einen Seite bieten sich zahlreiche Erfolg versprechende Möglichkeiten durch den Einsatz neuer Technologien, eingebetteter Systeme und neuer Ansätze in der Datenverarbeitung. Auf der anderen Seite steigt dadurch aber auch die Komplexität der intelligenten, technischen Systeme. Immer kürzer werdende Entwicklungszyklen, immer größere Datenmengen sowie die steigende Komplexität der neuen Marktleistungen stellen Unternehmen vor große Herausforderungen. Die Entwicklung, Implementierung und Nutzung von Anwendungen der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) eröffnet Unternehmen die Möglichkeit, nicht nur diese Herausforderungen zu meistern, sondern auch vielfältige Nutzenpotenziale in der Produktentstehung zu erschließen. Dies ist Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags. Zunächst wird daher das Spannungsfeld aus KI und Produktentstehung analysiert. Überdies werden die mit der Einführung, Entwicklung und Nutzung von KI-Anwendungen verbundenen Potenziale und Herausforderungen gezeigt. Abschließend werden auf dieser Basis Forschungsfelder für KI in der strategischen Produktplanung abgeleitet. Aspekte der digitalen Souveränität und verwandte Themen – wie Erklärbarkeit der KI-Anwendungen und Verfügbarkeit interner Kompetenzen – spielen eine zentrale Rolle, wenn es darum geht, Potenziale der KI für die strategische Produktplanung zu nutzen.
Jet energy drop
Authors: Cal Pedro , Lee Kyle , Ringer Felix , Waalewijn Wouter J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the jet energy drop, which is the relative difference between the groomed and ungroomed jet energy or transverse momentum. It is one of the fundamental quantities that characterizes the impact of grooming on jets produced in high energy collisions. We consider three different grooming algorithms i) soft drop, ii) iterated soft drop, and iii) trimming. We carry out the resummation of large logarithms of the jet energy drop, the jet radius as well as relevant grooming parameters at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL′) accuracy. In addition, we account for non-global and clustering logarithms, and determine the next-to-leading order corrections. For soft drop we perform a joint resummation of the jet energy drop and the groomed jet radius, which is necessary to achieve the correct all-order structure of the cross section, in particular for the Sudakov-safe case of soft drop with β = 0. We present numerical results for LHC energies and compare to Pythia simulations as well as CMS data. Our factorization framework predicts the onset of nonperturbative effects in the jet energy distribution, in line with what we find in Pythia. The jet energy drop observables stand out because they only probe soft radiation, making them ideal candidates for the tuning of parton shower Monte Carlo event generators and for probing medium effects in heavy-ion collisions.
Non-targeted screening workflows for gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis and identification of biomagnifying contaminants in biota samples
Authors: Rebryk Andriy , Haglund Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe health of key species in the Baltic region has been impaired by exposure to anthropogenic hazardous substances (AHSs), which accumulate in organisms and are transferred through food chains. There is, thus, a need for comprehensive characterization of the occurrence and accumulation of AHSs in the ecosystem. In this study, we use a non-target screening (NTS) approach for this purpose. A major challenge in NTS of biological samples is the removal of matrix components such as lipids that may interfere with the detection and identification of compounds of interest. Here, we combine gel permeation chromatography with Florisil® column fractionation to achieve sufficient lipid removal for gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis using electron ionization (EI) and electron capture negative ion chemical ionization (ECNI). In addition, we present new data processing workflows designed to systematically find and identify frequently occurring and biomagnifying AHSs, including known, emerging, and new contaminants. Using these workflows, we discovered a wide range of contaminants in tissue samples from blue mussels, fish, and marine mammals, and calculated their biomagnification factors (BMFs). Compounds with BMFs above 1 for herring and at least one marine mammal included legacy chlorinated pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls, DDTs, chloro-benzenes/cyclohexanes, chlordanes, toxaphenes, dieldrin), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and brominated biphenyls. However, there were also several halogenated natural products (halogenated methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers, 1′-methyl-1,2′-bipyrroles, 1,1′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyrroles, and the halogenated monoterpene mixed halogenated compound 1) as well as the novel flame retardant Dechlorane 602 and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenoids, and steroids. The legacy pollutants exhibited the expected biomagnification behavior, demonstrating the utility of the unguided data processing workflow.
Atypical neuroimaging characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in infants: a case series of hemorrhagic brain lesions in the deep grey matter
Authors: Pak Neda , Selehnia Anseh , Hunfeld Maayke A. W. , Lequin Maarten H. , Neuteboom Rinze F. , de Vries Andrica C. H. , Kroon Andre A. , Dremmen Marjolein H. G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem condition associated with uncontrolled overproduction and infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes predominantly in liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and central nervous system. Neuroimaging findings on MRI are fairly nonspecific and classically include periventricular white matter signal abnormalities and diffuse atrophy. Focal parenchymal lesions may demonstrate post contrast ring or nodular enhancement and calcification. However, the MR imaging characteristics can be highly variable. Here, we present two cases of HLH in infants with multiple hemorrhagic lesions mostly depicted in both thalami and basal ganglia regions. Thalamic, basal ganglia, and brain stem involvement with hemorrhagic changes in HLH are rarely described in literature. Early diagnosis of HLH may be lifesaving. Awareness of the disease is necessary to investigate its characteristic findings and avoiding a delay in diagnosis.
Minimal risk of contrast-induced kidney injury in a randomly selected cohort with mildly reduced GFR
Authors: Carlqvist Jeanette , Nyman Ulf , Sterner Gunnar , Brandberg John , Fagman Erika , Hellström Mikael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Previous large studies of contrast-induced or post-contrast acute kidney injury (CI-AKI/PC-AKI) have been observational, and mostly retrospective, often with patients undergoing non-enhanced CT as controls. This carries risk of inclusion bias that makes the true incidence of PC-AKI hard to interpret. Our aim was to determine the incidence of PC-AKI in a large, randomly selected cohort, comparing the serum creatinine (Scr) changes after contrast medium exposure with the normal intraindividual fluctuation in Scr.

Methods
In this prospective study of 1009 participants (age 50–65 years, 48% females) in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 50 mL/min, all received standard dose intravenous iohexol at coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Two separate pre-CCTA Scr samples and a follow-up sample 2–4 days post-CCTA were obtained. Change in Scr was statistically analyzed and stratification was used in the search of possible risk factors.

Results
Median increase of Scr post-CCTA was 0–2 μmol/L. PC-AKI was observed in 12/1009 individuals (1.2%) according to the old ESUR criteria (> 25% or > 44 μmol/L Scr increase) and 2 individuals (0.2%) when using the updated ESUR criteria (≥ 50% or ≥ 27 μmol/L Scr increase). Possible risk factors (e.g., diabetes, age, eGFR, NSAID use) did not show increased risk of developing PC-AKI. The mean effect of contrast media on Scr did not exceed the intraindividual Scr fluctuation.

Conclusions
Iohexol administration to a randomly selected cohort with mildly reduced eGFR is safe, and PC-AKI is very rare, occurring in only 0.2% when applying the updated ESUR criteria.

Key Points
• Iohexol administration to a randomly selected cohort, 50–65 years old with mildly reduced eGFR, is safe and PC-AKI is very rare.
• Applying the updated ESUR PC-AKI criteria resulted in fewer cases, 0.2% compared to 1.2% using the old ESUR criteria in this cohort with predominantly mild reduction of renal function.
• The mean effect of CM on Scr did not exceed the intraindividual background fluctuation of Scr, regardless of potential risk factors, such as diabetes or NSAID use in our cohort of 1009 individuals.
Dynamics of a magnetic gear with two cogging-free operation modes
Authors: Hartung Stefan , Rehberg Ingo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coupling of two rotating spherical magnets is investigated experimentally. For two specific angles between the input and output rotation axes, a cogging-free coupling is observed, where the driven magnet is phase-locked to the driving one. The striking difference between these two modes of operation is the reversed sense of rotation of the driven magnet. For other angles, the experiments reveal a more complex dynamical behavior, which is divided in three different classes. This is done by analyzing the deviation from a periodic motion of the driven magnet, and by measuring the total harmonic distortion of this rotation. The experimental results can be understood by a mathematical model based on pure dipole–dipole interaction, with the addition of adequate friction terms.
On the tail of the branching random walk local time
Authors: Angel Omer , Hutchcroft Tom , Járai Antal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsider a critical branching random walk on $$\mathbb Z^d$$

Z
d

, $$d\ge 1$$

d
≥
1

, started with a single particle at the origin, and let L(x) be the total number of particles that ever visit a vertex x. We study the tail of L(x) under suitable conditions on the offspring distribution. In particular, our results hold if the offspring distribution has an exponential moment.
Availability of totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients is high in the long term: a seven-year follow-up study
Authors: Tumay Latif Volkan , Guner Osman Serhat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTotally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) currently have an important place in medical oncology practice; however, their long-term availability deserves further investigation, since they are usually required by patients for prolonged periods. This study aimed to evaluate long-term availability of TIVADs in adult cancer patients, in conjunction with complication/removal rates over time and associated risk factors during 7-year follow-up.MethodsA total of 204 adult cancer patients who underwent TIVAD placement via subclavian vein using the Seldinger technique were included in this study. Medical data and catheter follow-up records were investigated retrospectively. Complications and port removals due to complications were evaluated over time.ResultsDuring median 21.9 (range, 0.7–82.9) months of follow-up, great majority of the patients did not require catheter removal due to complications (91.7%). During a total follow-up of 183,328 catheter days, 20 (9.8%) patients had complications with an incidence of 0.109 cases per 1000 catheter days and 18 (8.8%) of them required TIVAD removal (0.098 cases per 1000 catheter days). Most device removals due to complications (15/18, 83.3%) occurred within the first 24 months. Multivariate analysis identified left-sided device location as the only significant independent predictor of short device availability (OR, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.1–11.1],p = 0.036).ConclusionTIVADs in cancer patients appear to be safe and their availability appears to be high in the long term. A decision for early removal might be revisited. Opting for the accustomed side (right side in the present study) for implantations seems to be associated with better outcomes.