bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification of methanogens into hyperalkaline serpentinizing environments through adaptations to minimize oxidant limitation
Authors: Fones Elizabeth M , Colman Daniel R , Kraus Emily A , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Templeton Alexis S , Spear John R , Boyd Eric S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) and single amplified genomes (SAGs) affiliated with two distinct Methanobacterium lineages were recovered from subsurface fracture waters of the Samail Ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman. Lineage Type I was abundant in waters with circumneutral pH, whereas lineage Type II was abundant in hydrogen rich, hyperalkaline waters. Type I encoded proteins to couple hydrogen oxidation to CO2 reduction, typical of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Surprisingly, Type II, which branched from the Type I lineage, lacked homologs of two key oxidative [NiFe]-hydrogenases. These functions were presumably replaced by formate dehydrogenases that oxidize formate to yield reductant and cytoplasmic CO2 via a pathway that was unique among characterized Methanobacteria, allowing cells to overcome CO2/oxidant limitation in high pH waters. This prediction was supported by microcosm-based radiotracer experiments that showed significant biological methane generation from formate, but not bicarbonate, in waters where the Type II lineage was detected in highest relative abundance. Phylogenetic analyses and variability in gene content suggested that recent and ongoing diversification of the Type II lineage was enabled by gene transfer, loss, and transposition. These data indicate that selection imposed by CO2/oxidant availability drove recent methanogen diversification into hyperalkaline waters that are heavily impacted by serpentinization.
Mining potentially actionable kinase gene fusions in cancer cell lines with the KuNG FU database
Authors: Somaschini Alessio , Di Bella Sebastiano , Cusi Carlo , Raddrizzani Laura , Leone Antonella , Carapezza Giovanni , Mazza Tommaso , Isacchi Antonella , Bosotti Roberta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInhibition of kinase gene fusions (KGFs) has proven successful in cancer treatment and continues to represent an attractive research area, due to kinase druggability and clinical validation. Indeed, literature and public databases report a remarkable number of KGFs as potential drug targets, often identified byin vitrocharacterization of tumor cell line models and confirmed also in clinical samples. However, KGF molecular and experimental information can sometimes be sparse and partially overlapping, suggesting the need for a specific annotation database of KGFs, conveniently condensing all the molecular details that can support targeted drug development pipelines and diagnostic approaches. Here, we describe KuNG FU (KiNase Gene FUsion), a manually curated database collecting detailed annotations on KGFs that were identified and experimentally validated in human cancer cell lines from multiple sources, exclusively focusing on in-frame KGF events retaining an intact kinase domain, representing potentially active driver kinase targets. To our knowledge, KuNG FU represents to date the largest freely accessible homogeneous and curated database of kinase gene fusions in cell line models.
Predation impacts of invasive raccoons on rare native species
Authors: Oe Sakura , Sashika Mariko , Fujimoto Ayako , Shimozuru Michito , Tsubota Toshio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Japan, there are concerns that invasive alien raccoons prey on rare native species during their spawning season from late winter to early summer. We investigated raccoon predation impact by examining the predation presence using DNA metabarcoding and extent of predation on rare native species using stable isotope analysis. We captured raccoons in Hokkaido, Japan from April to August in 2018 and 2019. We analysed raccoon faeces and gastric contents by DNA metabarcoding to detect the rare native Hokkaido salamander and Japanese crayfish. Hokkaido salamanders were detected from gastric contents, but Japanese crayfish were not detected in any samples. Stable isotope analysis of raccoon muscle samples and the Bayesian mixing model were used to estimate each food resource’s contribution to the raccoon diet. Animal food resources accounted for 70% of total consumed food. The foraging ratios of amphibians and crustaceans were about 9% and 5%, respectively. Raccoons have been found to use amphibians at a higher rate than previously reported, including a rare endangered species, the Hokkaido salamander. Hokkaido salamander and Japanese crayfish spawn in the spring, and increased predation pressure by raccoons may directly impact populations of these rare native species.
Expression profiling of sexually dimorphic genes in the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica
Authors: Okuno Miki , Miyamoto Shuntaro , Itoh Takehiko , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Mizushima Shusei , Kuroiwa Asato 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch on avian sex determination has focused on the chicken. In this study, we established the utility of another widely used animal model, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), for clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying gonadal sex differentiation. In particular, we performed comprehensive gene expression profiling of embryonic gonads at three stages (HH27, HH31 and HH38) by mRNA-seq. We classified the expression patterns of 4,815 genes into nine clusters according to the extent of change between stages. Cluster 2 (characterized by an initial increase and steady levels thereafter), including 495 and 310 genes expressed in males and females, respectively, contained five key genes involved in gonadal sex differentiation. A GO analysis showed that genes in this cluster are related to developmental processes including reproductive structure development and developmental processes involved in reproduction were significant, suggesting that expression profiling is an effective approach to identify novel candidate genes. Based on RNA-seq data and in situ hybridization, the expression patterns and localization of most key genes for gonadal sex differentiation corresponded well to those of the chicken. Our results support the effectiveness of the Japanese quail as a model for studies gonadal sex differentiation in birds.
Actively tunable THz filter based on an electromagnetically induced transparency analog hybridized with a MEMS metamaterial
Authors: Huang Ying , Nakamura Kenta , Takida Yuma , Minamide Hiroaki , Hane Kazuhiro , Kanamori Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) analogs in classical oscillator systems have been investigated due to their potential in optical applications such as nonlinear devices and the slow-light field. Metamaterials are good candidates that utilize EIT-like effects to regulate optical light. Here, an actively reconfigurable EIT metamaterial for controlling THz waves, which consists of a movable bar and a fixed wire pair, is numerically and experimentally proposed. By changing the distance between the bar and wire pair through microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology, the metamaterial can controllably regulate the EIT behavior to manipulate the waves around 1.832 THz, serving as a dynamic filter. A high transmittance modulation rate of 38.8% is obtained by applying a drive voltage to the MEMS actuator. The dispersion properties and polarization of the metamaterial are also investigated. Since this filter is readily miniaturized and integrated by taking advantage of MEMS, it is expected to significantly promote the development of THz-related practical applications such as THz biological detection and THz communications.
Structural characterization, thermal properties, and molecular motions near the phase transition in hybrid perovskite [(CH2)3(NH3)2]CuCl4 crystals: 1H, 13C, and 14N nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Lim Ae Ran 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe structural characterization of the [(CH2]3(NH3)2]+ cation in the perovskite [(CH2)3(NH3)2]CuCl4 crystal was performed by solid-state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The 1H NMR chemical shifts for NH3 changed more significantly with temperature than those for CH2. This change in cationic motion is enhanced at the N-end of the organic cation, which is fixed to the inorganic layer by N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds. The 13C chemical shifts for CH2-1 increase slowly without any anomalous change, while those for CH2-2 move abruptly compared to CH2-1 with increasing temperature. The four peaks of two groups in the 14N NMR spectra, indicating the presence of a ferroelastic multidomain, were reduced to two peaks of one group near TC2 (= 333 K); the 14N NMR data clearly indicated changes in atomic configuration at this temperature. In addition, 1H and 13C spin–lattice have shorter relaxation times (T1ρ), in the order of milliseconds because T1ρ is inversely proportional to the square of the magnetic moment of paramagnetic ions. The T1ρ values for CH2 and NH3 protons were almost independent of temperature, but the CH2 moiety located in the middle of the N–C–C–C–N bond undergoes tumbling motion according to the Bloembergen–Purcell–Pound theory. Ferroelasticity is the main cause for the phase transition near TC2.
Efficacy of biofeedback rehabilitation based on visual evoked potentials analysis in patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Verdina Tommaso , Piaggi Stefania , Ferraro Vanessa , Russolillo Valeria , Peschiera Riccardo , Chester Johanna , Mastropasqua Rodolfo , Cavallini Gian Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive and degenerative disorder of the macula. In advanced stages, it is characterized by the formation of areas of geographic atrophy or fibrous scars in the central macula, which determines irreversible loss of central vision. These patients can benefit from visual rehabilitation programmes with acoustic “biofeedback” mechanisms that can instruct the patient to move fixation from the central degenerated macular area to an adjacent healthy area, with a reorganization of the primary visual cortex. In this prospective, comparative, non-randomized study we evaluated the efficacy of visual rehabilitation with an innovative acoustic biofeedback training system based on visual evoked potentials (VEP) real-time examination (Retimax Vision Trainer, CSO, Florence), in a series of patients with advanced AMD compared to a control group. Patients undergoing training were subjected to ten consecutive visual training sessions of 10 min each, performed twice a week. Patients in the control group did not receive any training. VEP biofeedback rehabilitation seems to improve visual acuity, reading performances, contrast sensitivity, retinal fixation and sensitivity and quality of life in AMD patients.
Was ist neu bei der Diagnostik und Therapie des malignen Melanoms?
Authors: Persa Oana-Diana , Mauch Cornelia 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Diagnostik des malignen Melanoms Die Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie spielt eine wichtige Rolle für die korrekte Stadieneinteilung beim Melanom und für die Entscheidung zur Durchführung einer adjuvanten Therapie. Eine systematische, radikale Lymphadenektomie nach positivem Wächterlymphknoten verbessert das Überleben der Patienten nicht. Die Sensitivität der Bestimmung der zellfreien Tumor-DNA ist höher als beim Tumormarker S-100 und ermöglicht die frühe Erkennung eines Rezidivs beim Melanom.
Adjuvante Therapien Neben der adjuvanten Therapie mit Interferon wurden zwischenzeitlich die PD-1-Inhibitoren Nivolumab und Pembrolizumab sowie die BRAF/MEK-Inhibitoren Dabrafenib und Trametinib für die adjuvante Therapie im Stadium III zugelassen. Für die adjuvante Therapie im Stadium II ist weiterhin nur Interferon zugelassen, während für das vollständig resezierte Stadium IV nur Nivolumab zugelassen ist.
Therapie der lokoregionären Metastasierung Die intraläsionale Injektion von Talimogen laherparepvec (T-VEC) hat zu einer signifikanten Verringerung der Tumorlast im Vergleich zu intraläsionalem GM-CSF geführt und ist für das Stadium III–IV (nur M1a) zugelassen.
Therapie bei Hirnmetastasen Sowohl die zielgerichtete Therapie mit Dabrafenib und Trametinib als auch die Immunkombinationstherapie zwischen Ipilimumab und Nivolumab sind bei Hirnmetastasen wirksam. Die sequenzielle Systemtherapie mit zielgerichteter und Immuntherapie beim metastasierten malignen Melanom sowie die Kombination zielgerichteter Therapien mit Immuntherapien werden aktuell in klinischen Studien überprüft.
Weltweite Trends in der Adipositas-Chirurgie: Was machen wir in Deutschland anders?
Authors: Birk Dieter , Ahrens Markus 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklung der Adipositas-Chirurgie hat in Deutschland eine etwas andere Entwicklung als in den meisten anderen westlichen Ländern genommen. Verursacht durch die sehr restriktive Haltung der Krankenkassen, wurde eine langsame, aber von einer guten Struktur begleitete Entwicklung der Adipositas-Chirurgie notwendig. Die niedrigen Raten an Komplikationen und einer Mortalität von weniger als 0,5%, die in den Registerstudien ausgewiesen wird, belegen die hohe Versorgungsqualität.Mit der Initiative „Leitliniengerechte Operation ohne Kostenzusage“, die seit 2018 durch die CAADIP propagiert wird, hat zu einer Vereinfachung des Verfahrens zum Nutzen der Patienten in vielen Kliniken geführt. Im internationalen Vergleich werden aber immer noch unterdurchschnittlich wenige Patienten operativ versorgt. Die Verfahrenswahl ist vergleichbar mit der des Auslandes, die Schlauchmagenoperation ist inzwischen auch in Deutschland die häufigste Operationsform geworden.
Final report on GULFMET supplementary comparison of AC energy (GULFMET.EM-S5.1)
Authors: Velychko Oleh , Bartholomew Jon 
Published: November 2020

Main text
A bilateral supplementary comparison for standards of electrical energy has taken place within the framework of GULFMET. The comparison, piloted by State Enterprise 'Ukrmetrteststandard' - UMTS (Ukraine), has involved two laboratories (UMTS and QCC EMI, United Arab Emirates) from regional metrological organizations GULFMET and COOMET. The results presented in this report provides confidence in maintaining traceability for active energy and reactive energy for 1.0, 0.5 Lag, 0.5 Lead power factors at frequencies of 50 Hz and 53 Hz.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Effects of laser light and AC signals on opto-electrohydrodynamic flow with twin microvortices: I. non-uniform AC electric fields
Authors: Park Choongbae , Wereley Steven T 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper describes both qualitative and quantitative analysis of rapid microvortex flow generation and manipulation induced by opto-electrohydrodynamic technique. A flow named twin opposing microvortex (TOMV) is generated by infrared laser light under non-uniform alternating current (AC) electric fields. For the AC electric fields, frequency ranges from 3 kHz up to 2 MHz while the voltage is changed up to 10 Vp-p(peak-to-peak voltage). Simultaneously, the laser shines either of a pair of electrodes with a power of 0.5 W. Micron-resolution particle image velocimetry technique has been used to construct the velocity fields of the TOMV flow. The strength of the TOMV flow can be tuned by adjusting the AC voltage and frequency. The maximum measurable in-plane velocity of 54.7µm s−1outside electrode regions can be achieved with an AC signal of 9 Vp-pand 107 kHz and a laser beam of 0.5 W. This is achieved with indium tin oxide electrodes located on the top surface of a microchamber, in which the electrodes are 16µm wide and 300µm long with a spacing of 73µm between them. This three-dimensional flow generation can be used forin situmicropump and mixing.
Multiply-excited states and their contribution to opacity in CO2 laser-driven tin-plasma conditions
Authors: Sheil J , Versolato O O , Neukirch A J , Colgan J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A recent study (2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2334) has found that transitions between multiply-excited configurations in open 4d-subshell tin ions are the dominant contributors to intense EUV emission from dense, Nd:YAG-driven (laser wavelength λ = 1.064 μm) tin plasmas. In the present study, we employ the Los Alamos Atomic code to investigate the spectral contribution from these transitions under industrially-relevant, CO2 laser-driven (λ = 10.6 μm) tin plasma conditions. First, we employ Busquet’s ionisation temperature method to match the average charge state ⟨Z⟩ of a non-local-thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) plasma with an LTE one. This is done by varying the temperature of the LTE calculations until a so-called ionisation temperature T

Z
is established. Importantly, this approach generates LTE-computed configuration populations in excellent agreement with the non-LTE populations. A corollary of this observation is that the non-LTE populations are well-described by Boltzmann-type exponential distributions having effective temperatures T
eff ≈ T

Z
. In the second part of this work, we perform extensive level-resolved LTE opacity calculations at T

Z
. It is found that 66% of the opacity in the industrially-relevant 2% bandwidth centred at 13.5 nm arises from transitions between multiply-excited states. These results reinforce the need for the consideration of complex, multiply-excited states in modelling the radiative properties of laser-driven plasma sources of EUV light.
High thermoelectric performance in two dimensional chalcogenides systems: GaSe and GaTe
Authors: Marfoua Brahim , Hong Jisang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Among the group-III chalcogenides, the two-dimensional (2D) GaSe and GaTe materials have been synthesized, but recent theoretical studies have raised controversial results regarding their thermoelectric (TE) properties. Hereby, systematically investigated the temperature and carrier concentration dependent TE properties of 2D GaSe and GaTe. We found that the GaSe had an indirect band gap of 2.94 eV while the GaTe had an indirect band gap of 1.88 eV. Both materials had almost the same Seebeck coefficients, but the p-type GaTe had the longest carrier relaxation time. We obtained the largest electrical conductivity over the thermal conductivity ratio in p-type GaTe compared with all other systems. This results in a very high p-type ZT of 0.91. Moreover, this high ZT performance is only changed by approximately 7% in a wide range of temperatures (300–700 K) and carrier concentration (1011–1013 hole cm−2). Compared with previously reported results, we find that it is necessary to consider the carrier relaxation time and spin–orbit coupling effect for determining reliable TE property. Overall, we propose that the p-type GaTe have outstanding TE property, and it can be utilized for potential TE device applications.
Scalable wavelength-selective solar absorber based on refractory TiN nanostructures
Authors: Nishikawa Kazutaka , Yatsugi Kenichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Scalable wavelength-selective solar absorbers with both high selectivity and thermostability are desired for efficient utilization of solar thermal energy. In this study, we present a refractory titanium nitride (TiN) moth-eye-like nanostructure, fabricated via oblique deposition, that provides high solar-light absorptivity (0.9) and low emissivity (0.17) at 100 °C under atmospheric conditions. The strong visible-light absorption of the structure is complemented by a Fabry−Pérot resonance that broadens the strong absorption band into the near-infrared light region for certain structure dimensions. In addition, TiN is a promising material, due to its refractory nature, having a very high melting point of 2930 °C. The oblique deposition method used to obtain the nano-structured TiN does not require the use of lithographic techniques or expensive nano-templates, thus it is suitable for large-scale fabrication. The nanostructure and its fabrication method have significant potential for practical applications requiring efficient use of solar-light energy.
The 3D printing of dielectric elastomer films assisted by electrostatic force
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Zhou Yanfen , Li Wenyue , Liu Zhanxu , Zhou Bangze , Wen Shipeng , Jiang Liang , Chen Shaojuan , Ma Jianwei , Betts Anthony , Jerrams Stephen , Zhou Fenglei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Compared with traditional methods for preparing dielectric elastomer (DE) films, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 3D printing displays many advantages, notably full automation, computer control and flexible design. It also confers high printing resolution, high preparation efficiency with minimal probability of nozzle clogging. In this article, EHD 3D printing was employed to fabricate silicone rubber (SR) based DE films. In order to increase their dielectric constant, high dielectric copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) particles were added into the SR ink. Optimal printing conditions were determined by analyzing the effects of printing voltage and ink properties on the formation of liquid cone and the printed line width. The SR/CuPc composite film with 3 wt% CuPc particles (SR/CuPc-3) exhibits a high dielectric constant of 5.52, with a large actuated area strain of 23.7% under an electric field of 39.4 V μm−1. Furthermore, under 100 cycles of electric field loading, SR/CuPc-3 demonstrate excellent electromechanical stability, indicating that EHD 3D printing holds a considerable potential for fabricating high-performance DE films in an efficacious manner.
Structural and chemical properties of superconducting Co-doped BaFe2As2 thin films grown on CaF2
Authors: Grünewald L , Langer M , Meyer S , Nerz D , Hänisch J , Holzapfel B , Gerthsen D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thin films of Co-doped BaFe2As2 of similar thickness (~40 nm) were grown with different growth rates (0.4 Å s−1 and 0.9 Å s−1) by pulsed laser deposition on CaF2(001) substrates. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to analyze the microstructure and secondary phases. The formation of BaF2 and a high concentration of planar defects (mainly stacking faults) are observed for the sample grown at a low rate. A higher growth rate results in high-quality epitaxial films with only few antiphase boundaries. A higher T
c was measured for the sample grown at a low growth rate, which is attributed to the difference in strain state induced by the high concentration of defects. Large crystalline Fe precipitates are observed in both samples. Chemical analysis shows a pronounced O and slight F content at the planar defects which highlights the role of O in defect formation. Electron-beam-induced irradiation damage during TEM measurements is observed and discussed.