bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of Incumbency: Patronage, Clientelism, and Incumbent Defeat in Village Chief Elections
Authors: Rahadiri Abheseka Norin Mustika 
Published: November 2019

This article examines the practices of patronage and clientelism during village elections. Examining Mekarsari Village, Yogyakarta, this study finds that patronage strategies such as programmatic politics, vote buying, club goods, and individual gifts were used by all candidates during village elections owing to the lack of strong social bonds between candidates and voters. The incumbent with all advantages and access to material resources also used patronise and clientelism as strategy, but in fact, it cannot guarantee they win the election. This suggests that the societal relationships and practices of patronage and clientelism continue to affect voter’s preference. Applying sociological, psychological, and rational approaches to understanding voter behaviour especially in Java, the study found that, apart from the instrumental and social distance considerations, territorial representation also influenced voter’s preference at Village.
Trends in Peritoneal Dialysis Use in the United States after Medicare Payment Reform
Authors: Sloan Caroline E. , Coffman Cynthia J. , Sanders Linda L. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Lee Shoou-Yih D. , Hirth Richard A. , Wang Virginia 
Published: November 2019

Background and objectives
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) for ESKD is associated with similar mortality, higher quality of life, and lower costs compared with hemodialysis (HD), but has historically been underused. We assessed the effect of the 2011 Medicare prospective payment system (PPS) for dialysis on PD initiation, modality switches, and stable PD use.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using US Renal Data System and Medicare data, we identified all United States patients with ESKD initiating dialysis before (2006–2010) and after (2011–2013) PPS implementation, and observed their modality for up to 2 years after dialysis initiation. Using logistic regression models, we examined the associations between PPS and early PD experience (any PD 1–90 days after initiation), late PD use (any PD 91–730 days after initiation), and modality switches (PD-to-HD or HD-to-PD 91–730 days after initiation). We adjusted for patient, dialysis facility, and regional characteristics.

Results
Overall, 619,126 patients with incident ESKD received dialysis at Medicare-certified facilities, 2006–2013. Observed early PD experience increased from 9.4% before PPS to 12.6% after PPS. Observed late PD use increased from 12.1% to 16.1%. In adjusted analyses, PPS was associated with increased early PD experience (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.47 to 1.55; P<0.001) and late PD use (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.50; P<0.001). In subgroup analyses, late PD use increased in part due to an increase in HD-to-PD switches among those without early PD experience (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.52 to 1.66; P<0.001) and a decrease in PD-to-HD switches among those with early PD experience (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.98; P=0.004).

Conclusions
More patients started, stayed on, and switched to PD after dialysis payment reform. This occurred without a substantial increase in transfers to HD.
Проектное управление инновационным процессом – основа высококонкурентной цифровой экономики
Authors: Pavlov A.B. 
Published: November 2019

Важным фактором достижения приоритетных целей масштабного инновационного развития всех сфер современного общества нашей страны в эпоху перехода к цифровой экономике, является комплексное, проектное управление инновационным процессом на всех этапах создания и внедрения инновационных проектов, доведения их до промышленного производства, которое будет катализатором социально-экономических преобразований современности. Своим опытом работы над этими проблемами делится профессор Борис Петрович Павлов, Заслуженный экономист Российской Федерации и Республики Татарстан.
Impacto ambiental y metodologias de análisis
Authors: Yáñez Vargas Apolinar 
Published: November 2019

El impacto ambiental se presenta cuando una acción o actividad produce una alteración favorable o desfavorable en el medio ambiente o en alguno de sus componentes, es decir, el impacto ambiental de un proyecto productivo sobre el medio ambiente puede definirse como la diferencia entre la situación natural del ambiente presente y la situación evolutiva normal del ambiente futuro, sin tal impacto. Ahora bien, los impactos pueden producirse a corto o largo plazo, ser de corta o larga duración; bioacumulativo, irreversible e inevitable. En la realización de un proyecto productivo se consideran cuatro fases a seguir: selección, construcción, operación y abandono del sitio. Con respecto al impacto ambiental se tienen que valorar cada una de las actividades o procesos que se tengan, así como cuantificar el nivel del impacto en cada uno de los elementos que constituyen el ambiente tanto bióticos como abióticos, así como el impacto en el nivel socioeconómico, el paisaje, entre otros, para que una vez identificados se proceda a establecer medidas preventivas o de mitigación con respecto a cada uno de los impactos negativos encontrados; finalmente se presentará un manifiesto de impacto ambiental debidamente fundado y motivado ante la autoridad competente, con el fin de someterlo a su evaluación y obtener su aprobación para la realización de los proyectos productivos, de acuerdo con la normatividad correspondiente.
El petroleo mexicano
Authors: Vidal de los Santos Ezequiel 
Published: November 2019

La industria petrolera y en particular la paraestatal PEMEX ha ocuapdo la atención pública desde que el petróleo fue nacionalizado por el gobierno del presidente Lázaro Cárdenas, el 18 de marzo de 1938. Sin duda una decisión trascendental que acotó la proverbial voracidad de los dueños del capital, en ese momento extranjeros, y la explotación del recurso a costa del trabajo mal pagado de los obreros, las tierras compradas casi siempre en contra de la voluntad de los dueños, principalmente campesinos e indígenas, la destrucción de los monumentos etno-arqueológicos y del entorno ambiental. Las más encendidas discusiones se debaten hoy en torno a la necesidad de reestructurar la planta industrial de PEMEX, de modo que se garantice el aprovechamiento de los recursos de una manera sustentable y se transforme el crudo y gas en los productos petrolíferos y petroquímicos desde una plataforma nacional, cuidando siempre que la propiedad del recurso continúe siendo del Estado.
Effect of Analgesic Drugs on Tooth Sensitivity Induced by In-office Dental Bleaching: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Costa RTF , Moraes SLD , Lemos CAA , SoutoMaior JR , Vasconcelos BC do E , Pellizzer EP 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY

Objective:
This systematic review evaluates the effect of preemptive analgesia on tooth sensitivity induced by in-office tooth bleaching.

Methods:
The review was structured based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The methods were recorded at PROSPERO (CRD42018095440). Randomized clinical trials, studies published in English, and studies in which the efficacy of preemptive analgesia with analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications prior to in-office tooth bleaching was compared with that of placebo were included. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were used for searching. The electronic search provided 373 articles, and seven of them were selected based on the inclusion criteria.

Results:
Immediately after time point, a significant reduction of dental sensitivity was observed in the drug group compared to the control group (p=0.02; mean difference [MD]: −0.90; confidence interval [CI]: −1.63 to −0.16), while there was no significant difference at up to one-hour (p=0.22; MD: −0.42; CI: −1.09 to −0.25), at 1-24–hour (p=0.88; MD: −0.05; CI: −0.61 to 0.72), or 24-48–hour (p=0.69; MD: 0.05; CI: −0.21 to 0.32) time points. The incidence of sensitivity during the procedure was not statistically different between the groups (p=0.64; MD: 0.91; CI: 0.92 to 1.15). The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug group showed a statistically significant reduction (p=0.04; MD: −0.69; CI: −1.36 to −0.03) in tooth sensitivity compared with the other groups.

Conclusions:
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that the medications analyzed did not interfere with the incidence of sensitivity symptoms. Regarding the intensity, no difference was observed between the drug and placebo groups at the up to one-hour, 1-24–hour, or 24-48–hour time points, and there was a statistically significant difference at the zero-hour time point in favor of the drug group. However, based on the variables that influenced this result, it should be considered with prudence because a small difference was observed.
PENGARUH GAJI DAN PENGAWASAN PIMPINAN TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA PEGAWAI HONOR PADA KANTOR DINAS DI LINGKUNGAN KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR
Authors: Hidayati Fitri 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada kantor dinas di lingkungan Kabupaten Rokan Hilir. Penelitian ini membahas permasalahan dengan judul “ pengaruh gaji dan pengawasan pimpinan terhadap semangat kerja pegawai honor pada kantor dinas di lingkungan Kabupaten Rokan Hilir“. Permasalahan terkait dengan semangat kerja pegawai honor pada kantor dinas di lingkungan Kabupaten Rokan Hilir tersebut yang relatif masih rendah yang diduga dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya gaji pegawai honor dan pengawasan pimpinan yang belum maksimal. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 484 orang dan yang menjadi sampel sebanyak 83 orang dengan menggunakan metode random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan gaji dan pengawasan pimpinan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja pegawai honor sebesar 22,4 %. Dan sisanya 77,6 % dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini. Pengujian secara parsial diperoleh bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara variabel gaji terhadap semangat kerja pegawai honor adalah sebesar 0,198 atau 19,8% dengan tingkat signifikan 0,013< 0,05, dan pengujian secara parsial diperoleh bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara variabel pengawasan pimpinan terhadap semangat kerja pegawai adalah sebesar 0,405 atau 40,5% dengan tingkat signifikan 0,000 < 0,05. Untuk itu perlu disarankan kepada pimpinan daerah Kabupaten Rokan Hilir bahwa gaji yang telah diberikan kepada pegawai honor harus dipertimbangan untuk meningkatkan jumlah gaji yang diberikan dan disesuaikan dengan UMR yang berlaku, dan dari pengawasan sebaiknya pimpinan menekankan kembali fungsi-fungsi dari pengawasan sehingga pegawai memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik lagi serta penekanan pada pemberlakuan sanksi kepada pegawai yang melanggar aturan yang berlaku.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI JUMLAH SISA LEBIH PERHITUNGAN ANGGARAN (SiLPA) ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH PADA PEMERINTAH PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Ratna Ikhwani 
Published: November 2019

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan (1) Pengaruh Dokumen Perencanaan Terhadap SiLPA (2) Pengaruh Pencatatan Adminsitrasi Terhadap SiLPA (3) Pengaruh Kompetensi Pegawai terhadap SiLPA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan untuk menguji hipotesis digunakan analis regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 37 SKPD di lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Riau. Dan untuk sampel dari penelitian ini diambil dari seluruh SKPD yang ada di lingkunga Pemerintah Provinsi Riau tersebut. Pengumpulan data untuk variabel X 1, X 2 dan X3 menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan untuk variabel Y berasal dari data sekunder yang diperoleh dari LAKIP.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pencatatan Adminsitrasi dan Kompetensi Pegawai dapat meningkatkan SiLPA pada Pemerintah Provinsi Riau. Sedangkan Dokumen Perencanaan secara parsial tidak dapat meningkatkan SiLPA Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) .
SIYASAH SYAR’IYYAH MENURUT SYI’AH ITSNA ‘ASYRIYYAH
Authors: Putra Firman Surya 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAKTulisan ini didsarkan kepada perbedaan yang sangat mendasar dalam hal siyasah atau politik antara Islam Sunni dan Syi’ah Itsna ‘Asyriyah. Menurut pandangan Islam keetika seseorang memahami dengan baik bahwa dasar aturan siyasah syar’iyah berdiri di atas pemahaman terhadap tauhid Allah SWT, risalah kenabian dan khilafah yang bermakna wakil dalam menjalankan aturan Allah SWT, maka akan terwujud tujuan yang sesuai dengan keinginan Allah SWT.Syi’ah Itsna ‘Asyriyah atau al-Syi’ah al-Imamiyah al-Itsna ‘Asyriyah adalah kelompok yang berpegang teguh dan berpendapat, bahwa Ali R.A lebih berhak memimpin dari pada Abu Bakar Assidiq, Umar Bin Khathab dan Utsman Bin ‘Affan setelah wafatnya Rasulullah SAW. Mereka menamakan diri mereka dengan Itsna ‘Asyriyah karena mereka meyakini keberadaan Imam Muntazdhar yang berjumlah 12 orang imam dan mempunyai garis keturunan dengan Sayyidina Ali Bin Abi Thalib R.A, dan istilah ini lahir setelah wafatnya Hasan al-‘Askari tahun 260 H.Dari tulisan ini dihasilkan bahwa : Menurut aqidah Syi’ah Itsna ‘Asyriyah, manusia tidak bisa menentukan pilihan terhadap imam, tapi seperti yang kita ketahui imamah ditentukan dan terwujud dengan nash dari Allah SWT, baik melalui lisan Nabi atau para imam sebelumnya. Imamah adalah dasar dari agama, orang yang tidak beriman kepada adanya imamah adalah orang yang tidak sempurna keimanannya. Imamah adalah perpanjangan tangan dari nubuwwah (kenabian), maka gambaran seorang imam seperti seorang nabi yang ma’sum, semua yang diperintahkan dan ia larang harus ditaati karena ia menyampaikan pesan tuhan. Selain sebagai seorang pemimpin umat imam juga diyakini menjadi rujukan dalam permasalahan agama. Karena mereka meyakini pengetahuan Rasulullah SAW berpindah dari Ali R.A sampai ke para imam setelahnya dengan cara yang gaib dan tidak bisa diketahui sama sekali. Imam pada gambaran kelompok Syi’ah Itsna ‘Asyriyah atau Imamiyah tidak hanya diyakini berpengetahuan tentang pemerintahan bahkan harus mengetahui hukum syariat. Kata Kunci : Siyasah Syar’iyah, Syi’ah Itsna ‘Asyriyah
DAMPAK SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, PRILAKU TIDAK ETIS, DAN MORALITAS MANAJEMEN TERHADAP KECENDERUNGAN KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI PADA PERUSAHAAN DEVELOPER DI PEKANBARU
Authors: Rahmi Febri , Sovia Asni 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak penerapan sistem pengendalian internal, perilaku tidak etis dan moralitas manajemen terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi. Sampel penelitian ini adalah staf akuntansi. pada perusahaan developer di Pekanbaru. Teknik sampel adalah dengan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah kuesioner. Analisis data dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda.Berdasarkan analisis statistik secara parsial menemukan: 1) hipotesis pertama, kedua dan ketiga diterima (sig 0,006, sig 0,004, sig 0,000) yaitu sistem pengendalian internal, perilaku tidak etis dan moralitas manajemen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi. Besarnya pengaruh sistem pengendalian internal, perilaku tidak etis dan moralitas manajemen terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi sebesar 51%, sisanya 49% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
GREEN BUILDING POLICY FORMULATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BANDUNG INDONESIA
Authors: Engkus Engkus Engkus , Engkus Engkus Engkus 
Published: November 2019

Land use that is not based on spatial planning is not in accordance with the concept of Green building. This study aims to determine how the policy formulation of Bandung Mayor Regulation Number 1023 of 2016 concerning Green Buildings, examined by the system model of David Easton (2003). This study uses a qualitative and inferential approach, which is a research method for actual problems that are happening in people's lives, (Engkus, 2017). Policy formulation uses 5 (five) dimensions, namely input, process, output, environment, feedback. The result shows that there are problems: a more complex green building policy, imposed on all buildings including housing; lack of community knowledge and understanding of the concept of green building, so that the community does not participate enough; limited dissemination of green building policies. Keywords: Policy Formulation; Bandung Mayor Regulation; Green Building; Community Understanding
Karlštejn Castle as ‘Bergungsdepot’ for the Historical Collections of the Land and University Library in Prague at the End of the Second World War
Authors: Boldan Kamil 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article covers the history of the former Land and University Library in Prague (now the National Library) between 1939 and 1945. The activities of the library were to be supervised by a German commissioner appointed in 1940 – Josef Becker, First Director of the Prussian State Library. As his duties kept him primarily in Berlin, he appointed the younger Berlin bibliologist Carl Wehmer as his permanent deputy in Prague. Although their main task was clearly the Germanisation of the library, one cannot deny that they deserve some credit, for example for increasing the staff level of the institution. Yet their main merit lies in that many of the library collections seized by the Gestapo and other bodies were not shredded but taken to the Clementinum, the seat of the library. From 1943, they organised the evacuation of book collections to places outside of Prague, which was threatened by air raids. The transport was supervised by Emma Urbánková, the head of the department of manuscripts. Approximately 12,000 volumes of medieval manuscripts and printed Bohemica of the 16th–19th centuries were evacuated to Karlštejn Castle in wooden crates. They included the library’s most valuable manuscript – the Codex Vyssegradensis, a coronation evangeliary from the 11th century. At the castle, they were deposited in the Burgrave’s House as well as directly in the famous Chapel of the Holy Cross. The massive Zlatá Koruna (Golden Crown) monastery and the châteaux in Pohled and Horažďovice also served as depositaries for the book collections. By the beginning of 1945, a total of 582,000 volumes had been sent to these three premises. They included many historical book collections. The paper is accompanied by recently discovered photographs documenting the course of the book evacuation.
The Effect of a Rat Diet Without Added Cu on Redox Status in Tissues and Epigenetic Changes in the Brain
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Tutaj Krzysztof , Cholewińska Ewelina , Cendrowska-Pinkosz Monika , Dworzański Wojciech , Dworzańska Anna , Juśkiewicz Jerzy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether feeding rats a diet without added Cu increases oxidation of macromolecules in tissues, as well as epigenetic changes in the brain. The rats were divided into two groups: the Cu-6.5 group which was fed a diet with a standard content of Cu in mineral mixture – 6.5 mg Cu from CuCO3 per kg of diet; and the Cu-0 group which was fed a diet with a mineral mix without Cu supplementation. At the end of the experiment the rats were weighed and blood samples were collected. Finally, the rats were euthanized and then the liver, small intestine, spleen, kidneys, heart, brain, lung, testes and leg muscles were removed and weighed. In the blood of Cu-0 rats the lower Cp activity and greater GPx and CAT activity than in Cu-6.5 rats were noticed. In the liver, lungs, heart and testes of Cu-0 rats, a decreased content of Cu were noticed. Application of Cu-0 diets resulted in increased LOOH level in the small intestine, liver, and heart, as well as increased MDA content in the liver, spleen, lungs, brain and testes. The Cu-0 treatment caused a decrease in SOD activity in the heart, lungs and testes of the rats and a decrease in CAT activity in the small intestine. In the brain and testes of rats from the Cu-0 treatment, lower content of GSH + GSSG was observed. The brain of rats from the Cu-0 treatment showed an increase in the level of PCs, 8-OHdG, Casp 8 and DNA methylation. The research has shown that a deficiency of Cu in the diet impairs the body’s antioxidant defences, which in turn leads to increased lipid oxidation in the liver, small intestinal wall, heart, spleen, lungs, brain and testes, as well as to oxidation of proteins and DNA in the brain. A deficiency of Cu in the diet also increases methylation of cytosine in the brain.
Predicting forest stand variables from airborne LiDAR data using a tree detection method in Central European forests
Authors: Sačkov Ivan , Scheer Ľubomír , Bucha Tomáš 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, the individual tree detection approach (ITD) was used to estimate forest stand variables, such as mean height, mean diameter, and total volume. Specifically, we applied the multisource-based method implemented in reFLex software (National Forest Centre, Slovakia) which uses all the information contained in the original point cloud and a priori information. For the accuracy assessment, four reference forest stands with different types of species mixture and the area of 7.5 ha were selected and measured. Furthermore, independent measurements of 1 372 trees were made for the construction of allometric models. The author’s ITD-based method provided slightly more accurate estimations for stands with substantial or moderate dominance of coniferous trees. However, no statistically significant effect of species mix on the overall accuracy was confirmed (p < 0.05). The root mean square error did not exceed 1.9 m for mean height, 3.0 cm for mean diameter, and 12.88 m3 ha−1 for total volume.
Changes in growth caused by climate change and other limiting factors in time affect the optimal equilibrium of close-to-nature forest management
Authors: Rößiger Gerhard , Kulla Ladislav , Bošeľa Michal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Historical radial increment data based on tree ring analyses from the close-to-nature experimental forest management unit Smolnícka Osada in Central Slovakia were used for retrospective modelling of changes in forest dynamics to estimate the sensitivity of management planning goals under climate change. Four example years representing historical periods with typically different species-specific patterns of radial increment in mixed beech-fir-spruce forest (1910, 1950, 1980, and 2014) served as virtual starting points for the modelling. An advanced density-dependent matrix transition model was utilised for modelling stand dynamics. An integrated tool for nonlinear financial optimisation searched for an optimal management equilibrium. In addition to transition probabilities adjusted from increment data, some assumptions for changes in ingrowth and mortality related to the increment, as well as a case study concerning the reduced ingrowth changed by game browsing intensity, were tested for modelling more realistic historical ecological conditions. The sensitivity study revealed changes in the optimal management equilibrium represented by optimal basal area, tree species composition, diameter distribution and target harvest diameter over time due to the adapted ecological modelling. The main lesson of the past for the future is to avoid placing too much trust in the simple extrapolation of current trends, such as the observed continual decline in spruce related to climate change, but to be aware of temporal and possibly reversible processes, such as the observed extensive fir recovery after the reduction of air pollution. Tree species diversity appears to be the best option for the uncertain future.
Sicista betulina in collection of the Šariš Museum Bardejov, Slovakia (Rodentia: Zapodidae)
Authors: Čanády Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents data on Sicista betulina available in the collection of the Šariš Museum Bardejov. Three specimens of S. betulina were collected by Tibor Weisz in the Ľubochnianska dolina Valley, Veľka Fatra Mts., in 1982. An existence of a fourth specimen is indicated in the card index of the museum. It represents the first record of S. betulina from the Čergov Mts., north-eastern Slovakia. This individual is an adult male caught by F. Mészáros and T. Weisz at Hertník (1057 m a. s. l.) on 12 June 1982.