bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A semi-supervised approach for rapidly creating clinical biomarker phenotypes in the UK Biobank using different primary care EHR and clinical terminology systems
Authors: Denaxas Spiros , Shah Anoop D , Mateen Bilal A , Kuan Valerie , Quint Jennifer K , Fitzpatrick Natalie , Torralbo Ana , Fatemifar Ghazaleh , Hemingway Harry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe UK Biobank (UKB) is making primary care electronic health records (EHRs) for 500 000 participants available for COVID-19-related research. Data are extracted from four sources, recorded using five clinical terminologies and stored in different schemas. The aims of our research were to: (a) develop a semi-supervised approach for bootstrapping EHR phenotyping algorithms in UKB EHR, and (b) to evaluate our approach by implementing and evaluating phenotypes for 31 common biomarkers.Materials and MethodsWe describe an algorithmic approach to phenotyping biomarkers in primary care EHR involving (a) bootstrapping definitions using existing phenotypes, (b) excluding generic, rare, or semantically distant terms, (c) forward-mapping terminology terms, (d) expert review, and (e) data extraction. We evaluated the phenotypes by assessing the ability to reproduce known epidemiological associations with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsWe created and evaluated phenotyping algorithms for 31 biomarkers many of which are directly related to COVID-19 complications, for example diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease. Our algorithm identified 1651 Read v2 and Clinical Terms Version 3 terms and automatically excluded 1228 terms. Clinical review excluded 103 terms and included 44 terms, resulting in 364 terms for data extraction (sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.92). We extracted 38 190 682 events and identified 220 978 participants with at least one biomarker measured.Discussion and conclusionBootstrapping phenotyping algorithms from similar EHR can potentially address pre-existing methodological concerns that undermine the outputs of biomarker discovery pipelines and provide research-quality phenotyping algorithms.
Harnessing mobile health technology to support long-term chronic illness management: exploring family caregiver support needs in the outpatient setting
Authors: Shin Ji Youn , Chaar Dima , Kedroske Jacob , Vue Rebecca , Chappell Grant , Mazzoli Amanda , Hassett Afton L , Hanauer David A , Park Sun Young , Debra Barton , Choi Sung Won 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Family caregiving is an important public health issue, particularly with the aging population. In recent years, mobile health (mHealth) technology has emerged as a potential low-cost, scalable platform to address caregiver support needs, and thereby alleviate the burden on caregivers. This study sought to examine the support needs of family caregivers in their lived experiences of outpatient care to inform the development of a future mHealth intervention.

Materails and Methods
We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews in 2 outpatient hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) clinics at a large academic medical center in the Midwestern United States. A thematic analysis was performed to define emerging themes.

Results
Qualitative data analysis identified 5 primary themes that HCT caregivers faced: (I) lifestyle restrictions due to the patient’s immunocompromised state; (II) Unmet needs due to limitations in the current resources, including unfamiliar medical tasks without necessary trainings; and (III) caregivers’ adaptive strategies, including reformation of social relationships with family and friends. Based on these findings, we suggest 3 design considerations to guide the development of a future mHealth intervention.

Conclusions
The findings herein captured the family caregiver’s lived experiences during outpatient care. There was broad agreement that caregiving was challenging and stressful. Thus, effective and scalable interventions to support caregivers are needed. This study provided data to guide the content and design of a future mHealth intervention in the outpatient setting.
Immigration history, entry jobs and the labor market integration of immigrants
Authors: Ansala Laura , Åslund Olof , Sarvimäki Matti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article studies the relationship between past immigration experiences of the host country and the way new immigrants enter the labor market. We focus on two countries—Finland and Sweden—that have similar formal institutions but starkly different immigration histories. In both countries, immigrants tend to find their first jobs in low-paying establishments, where the manager and colleagues share their ethnic background. The associations between background characteristics, time to a first job, other entry job characteristics, earnings dynamics, and job stability are also remarkably similar. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the host country’s immigration history plays a limited role in shaping the integration process.
Brassinosteroids synthesised by CYP85A/A1 but not CYP85A2 function via a BRI1-like receptor but not via BRI1 in Picea abies
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Jing , Shen Yitong , Pu Ruolan , Hou Meiying , Wei Qiang , Zhang Xinzhen , Li Guishuang , Ren Hongyan , Wu Guang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant hormones. In angiosperms, brassinolide and castasterone, the first and second most active BRs, respectively, are synthesised by CYP85A2 and CYP85A/A1, respectively. BRs in angiosperms function through an essential receptor, BR Insensitive 1 (BRI1). In addition, some angiosperms also have non-essential BRI1-like 1/3 (BRL1/3). In conifers, BRs promote seed germination under drought stress; however, how BRs function in gymnosperms is unknown. In this study, we performed functional complementation of BR biosynthesis and receptor genes from Picea abies with respective Arabidopsis mutants. We found that P. abies possessed functional PaCYP85A and PaBRL1 but not PaCYP85A2 or PaBRI1, and this results in weak BR signaling, and both PaCYP85A and PaBRL1 were abundantly expressed. However, neither BR treatment of P. abies seedlings nor expression of PaBRL1 in the Arabidopsis Atbri1 mutant promoted plant height, despite the fact that BR-responsive genes were activated. Importantly, chimeric AtBRI1 replaced with the BR-binding domain of PaBRL1 complemented the Atbri1 phenotypes. Furthermore, PaBRL1 had less kinase activity than BRI1 in vitro. Overall, P. abies had weak but still active BR signaling, explaining aspects of its slow growth and high stress tolerance. Our study sheds light on the functional and evolutionary significance of distinct BR signaling that is independent of BRI1 and brassinolide.
Stereotypes and Jewish Musical Topics in East German Film: Ambiguities and Allosemitism in Hotel Polan und seine Gäste
Authors: Frühauf Tina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The miniseries Hotel Polan und seine Gäste tells the story of three generations of a Jewish family of hoteliers in Bohemia from 1908 to National Socialist persecution. Produced by GDR television in the early 1980s, the series was subsequently broadcast in other European countries and met with a mixed reception. Later on, scholars evaluated it as blatantly antisemitic and anti-Zionist. This essay seeks to re-evaluate these prerogatives by centring the analysis of the miniseries on a close reading of its music—a method not often used in Jewish studies, but a suitable lens through which to interrogate the employment of stereotypes, especially in film, and in light of textual sources from the Cold War era often being reflective of ideologies rather than facts. Employing critical theories of cultural studies and film music, it seeks to identify stereotypes and their dramatic placement and to analyse their operation. It asserts that story, image, and sound constitute both synchronous and asynchronous agents that perpetuate various stereotypes associated with Jews, thereby placing Hotel Polan in the liminal space of allosemitism. Constructed through difference from a perceived norm, Hotel Polan ultimately represents a space in which the egregious stereotype and the strategic employment of types meet. Its deployment of Jewish musical topics specifically shows that it is less their dramatic function that is of relevance, but the discourse that they have the power to enable.
An evidence-based assumption that helps to reduce the discrepancy between the observed and predicted 7Be abundances in novae
Authors: Denissenkov Pavel A , Ruiz Chris , Upadhyayula Sriteja , Herwig Falk 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent spectroscopic measurements of the equivalent widths of the resonant Be ii doublet and Ca ii K lines and their ratios in expanding nova ejecta indicate surprisingly high abundances of 7Be with a typical mass fraction Xobs(7Be) = 10−4. This is an order of magnitude larger than theoretically predicted values of Xtheor(7Be) ∼ 10−5 for novae. We use an analytical solution of the 7Be production equations to demonstrate that Xtheor(7Be) is proportional to the 4He mass fraction Y in the nova accreted envelope and then we perform computations of 1D hydrostatic evolution of the $1.15\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ CO nova model that confirm our conclusion based on the analytical solution. Our assumption of enhanced 4He abundances helps to reduce, although not completely eliminate, the discrepancy between Xobs(7Be) and Xtheor(7Be). It is supported by ultraviolet, optical, and infrared spectroscopy data that reveal unusually high values of Y in nova ejecta. We also show that a significantly increased abundance of 3He in nova accreted envelopes does not lead to higher values of Xtheor(7Be) because this assumption affects the evolution of nova models resulting in a decrease of both their peak temperatures and accreted masses and, as a consequence, in a reduced production of 7Be.
Histone methyltransferase ATX1 dynamically regulates fiber secondary cell wall biosynthesis inArabidopsisinflorescence stem
Authors: Wang Xianqiang , Wang Denghui , Xu Wenjian , Kong Lingfei , Ye Xiao , Zhuang Qianye , Fan Di , Luo Keming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSecondary wall thickening in the sclerenchyma cells is strictly controlled by a complex network of transcription factors in vascular plants. However, little is known about the epigenetic mechanism regulating secondary wall biosynthesis. In this study, we identified that ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG of TRITHORAX1 (ATX1), a H3K4-histone methyltransferase, mediates the regulation of fiber cell wall development in inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana. Genome-wide analysis revealed that the up-regulation of genes involved in secondary wall formation during stem development is largely coordinated by increasing level of H3K4 tri-methylation. Among all histone methyltransferases for H3K4me3 in Arabidopsis, ATX1 is markedly increased during the inflorescence stem development and loss-of-function mutant atx1 was impaired in secondary wall thickening in interfascicular fibers. Genetic analysis showed that ATX1 positively regulates secondary wall deposition through activating the expression of secondary wall NAC master switch genes, SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1) and NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1). We further identified that ATX1 directly binds the loci of SND1 and NST1, and activates their expression by increasing H3K4me3 levels at these loci. Taken together, our results reveal that ATX1 plays a key role in the regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in interfascicular fibers during inflorescence stem development of Arabidopsis.
Sequence- and structure-specific cytosine-5 mRNA methylation by NSUN6
Authors: Selmi Tommaso , Hussain Shobbir , Dietmann Sabine , Heiß Matthias , Borland Kayla , Flad Sophia , Carter Jean-Michel , Dennison Rebecca , Huang Ya-Lin , Kellner Stefanie , Bornelöv Susanne , Frye Michaela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The highly abundant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification affects most aspects of mRNA function, yet the precise function of the rarer 5-methylcytidine (m5C) remains largely unknown. Here, we map m5C in the human transcriptome using methylation-dependent individual-nucleotide resolution cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (miCLIP) combined with RNA bisulfite sequencing. We identify NSUN6 as a methyltransferase with strong substrate specificity towards mRNA. NSUN6 primarily targeted three prime untranslated regions (3′UTR) at the consensus sequence motif CTCCA, located in loops of hairpin structures. Knockout and rescue experiments revealed enhanced mRNA and translation levels when NSUN6-targeted mRNAs were methylated. Ribosome profiling further demonstrated that NSUN6-specific methylation correlated with translation termination. While NSUN6 was dispensable for mouse embryonic development, it was down-regulated in human tumours and high expression of NSUN6 indicated better patient outcome of certain cancer types. In summary, our study identifies NSUN6 as a methyltransferase targeting mRNA, potentially as part of a quality control mechanism involved in translation termination fidelity.
Structural basis for guide RNA trimming by RNase D ribonuclease in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Gao Yanqing , Liu Hehua , Zhang Chong , Su Shichen , Chen Yiqing , Chen Xi , Li Yangyang , Shao Zhiwei , Zhang Yixi , Shao Qiyuan , Li Jixi , Huang Zhen , Ma Jinbiao , Gan Jianhua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Infection with kinetoplastid parasites, including Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei), Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Leishmania can cause serious disease in humans. Like other kinetoplastid species, mRNAs of these disease-causing parasites must undergo posttranscriptional editing in order to be functional. mRNA editing is directed by gRNAs, a large group of small RNAs. Similar to mRNAs, gRNAs are also precisely regulated. In T. brucei, overexpression of RNase D ribonuclease (TbRND) leads to substantial reduction in the total gRNA population and subsequent inhibition of mRNA editing. However, the mechanisms regulating gRNA binding and cleavage by TbRND are not well defined. Here, we report a thorough structural study of TbRND. Besides Apo- and NMP-bound structures, we also solved one TbRND structure in complexed with single-stranded RNA. In combination with mutagenesis and in vitro cleavage assays, our structures indicated that TbRND follows the conserved two-cation-assisted mechanism in catalysis. TbRND is a unique RND member, as it contains a ZFD domain at its C-terminus. In addition to T. brucei, our studies also advanced our understanding on the potential gRNA degradation pathway in T. cruzi, Leishmania, as well for as other disease-associated parasites expressing ZFD-containing RNDs.
Differences in JUUL Appeal Among Past and Current Youth JUUL Users
Authors: Davis Danielle R , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Bold Krysten W , Morean Meghan E , Jackson Asti , Camenga Deepa , Kong Grace 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
JUUL, a closed system e-cigarette with disposable pods, is popular among youth, with positive attributes of this product linked to current use by youth. However, many youth try JUUL and do not continue using; understanding differences in the appeal of this device between current users and those who chose not to continue use can inform regulation and prevention efforts. The aim of the current study is to compare JUUL appeal in youth among past users (ie, used, but not in past month) and current users (ie, used in past month).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four Connecticut high schools in Spring 2018. This survey assessed JUUL use and reasons for liking/disliking JUUL, including its' pharmacological effects (eg, nicotine “buzz”), product characteristics (eg, flavors), peer influence, appeal compared to other e-cigarettes, and concealability. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine differences in liking/disliking JUUL by use status (past vs. current).

Results
Among JUUL users (N = 1374; 43% of total sample), 30.4% were past users and 69.6% were current users. Compared to current users, past users were less likely to like JUUL for positive pharmacological effects (eg, nicotine “buzz”), product characteristics (eg, flavors), and peer use and more likely to dislike JUUL for the adverse pharmacological effects (eg, headache), product characteristics (eg, flavors), and for “other” reasons (open-ended response; eg, perceived harm).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that altering JUUL appeal through regulating nicotine content and flavors may be key in policy aimed at shifting youth to become past JUUL users.

Implications
This study investigates how current and past youth JUUL users differ in their report of the appeal of JUUL. Past users are less likely to report experiencing positive pharmacological effects and product characteristics of JUUL and are less likely to report appeal due to peer use. Understanding how appeal of JUUL may differ among past and current users can aid in our understanding of how to regulate these products so that they are less appealing to current youth users.
A Novel Role of Salt- and Drought-Induced RING 1 Protein in Modulating Plant Defense Against Hemibiotrophic and Necrotrophic Pathogens
Authors: Ramu Vemanna S. , Oh Sunhee , Lee Hee-Kyung , Nandety Raja Sekhar , Oh Youngjae , Lee Seonghee , Nakashima Jin , Tang Yuhong , Senthil-Kumar Muthappa , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: November 2020

Many plant-encoded E3 ligases are known to be involved in plant defense. Here, we report a novel role of E3 ligase SALT- AND DROUGHT-INDUCED RING FINGER1 (SDIR1) in plant immunity. Even though SDIR1 is reasonably well-characterized, its role in biotic stress response is not known. The silencing of SDIR1 in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced the multiplication of the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. The Arabidopsis sdir1 mutant is resistant to virulent pathogens, whereas SDIR1 overexpression lines are susceptible to both host and nonhost hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens. However, sdir1 mutant and SDIR1 overexpression lines showed hypersusceptibility and resistance, respectively, against the necrotrophic pathogen Erwinia carotovora. The mutant of SDIR1 target protein, i.e., SDIR-interacting protein 1 (SDIR1P1), also showed resistance to host and nonhost pathogens. In SDIR1 overexpression plants, transcripts of NAC transcription factors were less accumulated and the levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid were increased. In the sdir1 mutant, JA signaling genes JAZ7 and JAZ8 were downregulated. These data suggest that SDIR1 is a susceptibility factor and its activation or overexpression enhances disease caused by P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis. Our results show a novel role of SDIR1 in modulating plant defense gene expression and plant immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Marital Satisfaction of Infertile Couples Using Natural Procreative Technology (NaProTECHNOLOGY)
Authors: Camacho Anna , Konicki Annette Jakubisin , McGrath Jacqueline M. , Carpentier Paul 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:
Infertility affects one in 16 married women in the United States where 12.7% of these seek treatment. The stress of infertility and treatment is known to impact marital satisfaction, which can be further complicated by personal and religious beliefs regarding the ethics of some assistive reproductive technologies. A morally acceptable approach to infertility diagnosis and treatment is natural procreative technology or NaProTECHNOLOGY (NPT) using the Creighton Model FertilityCare™ System. A quantitative, descriptive study utilizing demographic surveys and the Index of Marital Satisfaction found that couples using NPT reported marital satisfaction.
Perioperative Issues With Gender-Diverse Youth
Authors: Aquino Nelson J. , Ganor Oren , Chrisos Haley A. , Oles Norah , Boskey Elizabeth R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A growing number of young people identify as gender diverse, both as transgender and nonbinary. In addition to gender-affirming care such as puberty blockers, hormones, and gender-affirming surgeries, these youth also need to access the full range of other medical and surgical care. As such, it is critical for pediatric healthcare providers to develop competence in working with gender-diverse youth, regardless of whether the facilities they work offer gender-affirming medical or surgical care. This article addresses perioperative care concerns for gender-diverse youth as well as psychosocial assessment for gender-affirming surgeries.
Evolution in Management Trends of Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma in the United States Over the Last Half-century
Authors: Chan Stephen A. , Marinelli John P. , Hahs-Vaughn Debbie L. , Nye Chad , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
Limited data currently characterize management trends of sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS) in the United States over recent decades. Serving as the primary patient support organization in the United States, the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) facilitates amalgamation of data from patients treated from 1970 through January 2019. The primary objective of the current study was to characterize the evolution in the management of sporadic VS among ANA survey respondents treated over the last half-century.

Study Design/Intervention:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting/Patients:
ANA survey respondents diagnosed with sporadic VS.

Main Outcome Measures:
Trends in rates of microsurgery, radiosurgery, and observation from 1970 to 2019.

Results:
Among 953 patients with VS responding during the study period, 876 (92%) were included. Subjects reported the following management strategies: 220 observation (25%), 454 microsurgery (52%), and 193 radiosurgery (22%). The rate of microsurgery decreased from 86–88% from 1970 to 2000 to 44% in the last decade. The proportion of VS observed increased from 7% of all tumors in the 1990s, to 14% in the 2000s, to 33% in the 2010s. The rate of radiosurgery has increased to 28% in the last decades compared with 7% in the 1990s. The rate of subtotal resection in tumors > 2 cm increased from 34% in the 2000s to 60% in the 2010s (p = 0.0011).

Conclusions:
Overall, these data support a progression toward fewer patients treated with microsurgery in recent decades. Radiosurgery and observation became increasingly more common after the turn of the century, possibly due to better detection of small and asymptomatic tumors and a greater understanding of the natural history of disease.