bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein C‐III O‐glycoform profiling of 500 serum samples by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Wada Yoshinao , Okamoto Nobuhiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are caused by defects in various genes governing glycoconjugate biosynthesis. Several responsible genes have been identified in the protein N‐glycosylation process. Analyses of mucin‐type core‐1 O‐glycoform of apolipoprotein C‐III (apoCIII) have recently revealed combined N‐ and O‐glycosylation defects. We applied matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry profiling of apoCIII glycoforms to 500 serum samples for CDG screening, and reference values were determined. The content of unglycosylated apoCIII was low in early infancy, indicating that the O‐glycan occupancy should be assessed based on age‐matched reference values. The samples from patients with mutations in the ALG1, ATP6V0A2, B4GALT1, COG2, GCS1, PGM1, SLC35A2, and TRAPPC11 genes were analyzed. B4GALT1‐ and TRAPPC11‐CDG were accompanied by under‐sialylation of O‐glycans and are now recognized as combined N‐ and O‐glycosylation disorders.
HSPGs glypican‐1 and glypican‐4 are human neuronal proteins characteristic of different neural phenotypes
Authors: Oikari Lotta E. , Yu Chieh , Okolicsanyi Rachel K. , Avgan Nesli , Peall Ian W. , Griffiths Lyn R. , Haupt Larisa M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenerating neurons from human stem cells has potential for brain damage therapy and neurogenesis modeling, but current efficacy is limited by culture heterogeneity and the lack of markers. We have previously reported the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) glypican‐1 (GPC1) and ‐4 (GPC4) as the markers of lineage‐specific human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and mediators of hNSC lineage potential. Here, we further examined phenotypical characteristics and GPC1 and GPC4 during neural differentiation of hNSCs in the presence of two neurogenic growth factors reported to bind to heparan sulfate: brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and platelet‐derived growth factor‐B (PDGF‐B). In hNSC neural cultures, GPC1 and GPC4 were expressed along neurites and cell bodies in long‐term (40–60 days) neural differentiation cultures demonstrating the areas of differential localization—suggesting potentially different functions. Neural differentiation cultures in the presence of BDNF or PDGF‐B generated phenotypically different neural cells with BDNF treatment associated with higher GPC4 versus GPC1 expression, increased heterogeneity, and differential neuron subtype marker expression to PDGF‐B cultures. PDGF‐B cultures exhibited higher levels of spontaneous activity and reduced heterogeneity over long‐term culture associated with decreased GPC4. Untreated neural cultures were highly variable, supporting the use of neuroregulatory growth factors for guided differentiation. Targeted siRNA downregulation of GPC1/4 reduced neural differentiation markers and altered response to exogenous BDNF and PDGF‐B. This work confirms GPC1 and GPC4 as regulators of human neural differentiation and supports their use as novel markers of neural cell characterization.
Representation of the Indian Ocean Walker circulation in climate models and links to Kenyan rainfall
Authors: King James A. , Washington Richard , Engelstaedter Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReliable climate change projections over East Africa are vital because of regional vulnerability to precipitation changes. However, global climate models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) display significant biases in their representation of key East African rainfall seasons, which call into question the reliability of projected climate change. We investigate the links between models' representation of rainfall over Kenya during the long and short rains and the proximate Walker circulation. There is a strong correlation in the short rains between model biases in Kenyan rainfall and in the mid‐to‐upper tropospheric vertical velocity associated with this circulation. The overturning Indian Ocean Walker cell at the equator is absent in 5/25 models during the short rains – these models exhibit wet biases. In the long rains, dry biased models overestimate the strength of the descending limb of the circulation over East Africa. Omega biases over the Congo Basin are linked to broader Walker circulation biases. During the long rains, models overestimate equatorial descent more generally across the Western Hemisphere Tropics (0°E–200°E). A significant correlation is obtained across the model ensemble between model rainfall over Kenya and Western Hemisphere equatorial ascent during November. Atmosphere‐only models display some improvements over coupled models, but biases of a similar magnitude remain. We therefore propose Indian Ocean Walker circulation errors as a key source of bias in CMIP5 East African rainfall. The results add to recent work on CMIP5 biases in this region, demonstrating that the Indian Ocean Walker circulation should be a focus for future model improvement and a consideration when assessing the reliability of climate projections over East Africa. Further work is needed on the causes of Walker circulation biases (in particular the role of SST), and on understanding the impact of Walker circulation biases on modelled tropical rainfall elsewhere in the world.
Early hypermetabolism is uncommon in trauma intensive care unit patients
Authors: Byerly Saskya , Vasileiou Georgia , Qian Sinong , Mantero Alejandro , Lee Eugenia E. , Parks Jonathan , Mulder Michelle , Pust Daniel G. , Rattan Rishi , Lineen Edward , Byers Patricia , Namias Nicholas , Yeh D. Dante 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundClassic experiments demonstrating hypermetabolism after major trauma were performed in a different era of critical care. We aim to describe the modern posttraumatic metabolic response in the trauma intensive care unit (TICU).MethodsThis prospective observational study enrolled TICU mechanically ventilated adults (aged ≥18) from 3/2018‐2/2019. Multiple, daily resting energy expenditure (REE) measurements were recorded. Basal energy expenditure (BEE) was calculated by the Harris‐Benedict equation. Hypometabolism was defined as average daily REE < 0.85*BEE and hypermetabolism defined as average daily REE > 1.15*BEE. Demographics, interventions, and clinical outcomes were abstracted. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistical regression models evaluating demographics with the outcome variable of hypermetabolism for the first 3 days (“sustained hypermetabolism”) were performed, along with group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM).ResultsFifty‐five patients were analyzed: median age was 38 (28–56) years; 38 (69%) were male; body mass index (kg/m2) was 28 (26–32); and Injury Severity Score was 27 (19–34), with (38 [71%] blunt, 8 [15%] penetrating, 7 [13%] burn) injury mechanism. Overall, 19 (35%) had hypermetabolism on day 1 (“immediate hypermetabolism”), and 11 (21%) had sustained hypermetabolism for the first 3 days. Logistic regression analysis identified penetrating mechanism (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 16.4; 95% CI, 1.9–199.6; p = .015), burn mechanism (AOR, 11.1; 95% CI, 1.3–116.8; p =.029), and maximum temperature (AOR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.3–20.3; p= .041) as independent predictors of sustained hypermetabolism. GBTM identified 4 nutrition phenotypes, with 2 hyperconsumptive phenotypes associated with increased risk of malnutrition at discharge.ConclusionOnly a minority of injured patients is hypermetabolic in the first week after injury. Elevated temperature, penetrating mechanism, and burn mechanism are independently associated with sustained hypermetabolism. Hyperconsumptive phenotype patients are more likely to develop malnutrition during hospitalization.
Soil microbial biomass and community composition as affected by cover crop diversity in a short‐term field experiment on a podzolized Stagnosol‐Cambisol
Authors: Di Rauso Simeone Giuseppe , Müller Mireen , Felgentreu Christoph , Glaser Bruno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: Cover cropping appears as a useful land management practice with numerous benefits for ecosystem functions.Aim: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different winter cover crops on soil microbial biomass, activity, and community composition in intensively managed agriculture systems as function of cover crop diversity.Methods: For this purpose, an on‐farm experiment was conducted at a podzolized Stagnosol‐Cambisol during seven months growing oil radish as single cover crop and five different cover crop mixtures comprising 5 to 13 plant species. A fallow treatment was used as control. Phospholipid fatty acids were used to determine the soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community composition. Basal respiration of the soil microorganisms was measured as a proxy for microbial activity.Results: The results show that none of the cover crop mixture could increase soil organic carbon or total nitrogen content. Three cover crop mixtures and oil radish as single cover crop significantly increased soil microbial biomass by about 50% and all of the investigated cover crops significantly increased microbial respiration and metabolic quotient by 50–150%. Only highly diverse cover crop mixtures significantly increased individual microbial groups such as Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, actinobacteria, and saprotropic and mycorrhizal fungi by about 20% compared to the control. However, the ratio of fungi to bacteria was not influenced by any of the cover crop mixtures under study.Conclusion: These findings corroborate that aboveground plant diversity is linked to belowground microbial diversity.
Role of sucrose in modulating the low‐nitrogen‐induced accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Liang Xin , Zhang Yuxue , Dai Peibin , Liang Bin , Li Junliang , Sun Chengliang , Lin Xianyong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhenolic compounds are phytochemicals present in vegetables which contribute to human health. Although nitrogen deficiency and sucrose (Suc) are linked to phenolic production in vegetables, the relationship between them in the regulation of phenolic biosynthesis remains unknown. This study investigated the potential role of Suc in regulating phenolic biosynthesis of lettuce under low‐nitrogen (LN) conditions.RESULTSOur results showed that LN treatment significantly increased Suc content in lettuce by inducing rapid increases in activities of sucrose synthesis‐related enzymes. Exogenous Suc further stimulated LN‐induced phenolic accumulation in lettuce by upregulating the expression of genes (PAL, CHS, F3H, DFR, F35H and UFGT) involved in phenolic biosynthesis. The opposite effects were true for exogenous 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (DCMU) application. No changes were observed in chlorophyll content in LN‐treated lettuce, in either the presence or absence of Suc application. Notably, exogenous DCMU resulted in decreases of maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, actual efficiency of PSII and electron transport rate in PSII and increase of quantum yield of non‐regulated energy dissipation in PSII in lettuce under LN conditions, whereas these effects were reversed on Suc application. Exogenous Suc also increased glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities in LN‐treated lettuce.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that Suc is involved in LN‐induced phenolic production in lettuce by enhancing photosynthetic and nitrogen assimilation efficiency to increase the supply of carbon resources and precursors for phenolic biosynthesis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
On the soil–bean–cup relationships in Coffea arabica L
Authors: Morales‐Ramos Victorino , Escamilla‐Prado Esteban , Ruiz‐Carbajal Ricardo Abimael , Pérez‐Sato Juan Antonio , Velázquez‐Morales Juan Alberto , Servín‐Juárez Roselia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe relationships between soil and coffee beans variables were evaluated and then the influence of bean composition on cup quality attributes was computed by means of relation studies. A total of 139 coffee and soil samples were collected directly from the same number of coffee plantations in Chiapas, Mexico.RESULTSIn the elemental composition, only phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and copper in coffee beans had a significant (P < 0.05) relationship with the content of the same elements in soil. The level of macro‑ and microelements in the coffee bean affected some of the cup quality attributes, but variables such as texture, titratable acidity, and pH of water in soil had a major influence on those attributes. Caffeine, trigonelline, and 5‐caffeoylquinic acid in green coffee beans also had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the sensory attributes of the beverage.CONCLUSIONThe elemental composition of soil and coffee beans was important in explaining the cup quality attributes, but the most important variables influencing the sensory quality of coffee were altitude of plantations and moisture of coffee beans. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Modulation of cecal microbiota in laying hens via intake of genetically modified corn with the maroACC or mCry1Ac genes
Authors: Zhong Ruqing , Zhang Lilan , Chen Liang , Yang Xiaoguang , Zhang Hongfu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study investigated the chronic effect on the composition and proportions of the cecal microbiota of laying hens for 12 weeks after consuming two genetically modified (GM) corns containing the maroACC gene from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (CC) and the mCry1Ac gene from the Bacillus thuringiensis strain (BT) in comparison with the isogenic corn (CT).RESULTSIn total, 72 hens were randomly assigned to the CT corn‐based diet, CC corn‐based diet and BT corn‐based diet. The absolute weights of abdominal fat, breast, thigh meat and organ weight were not affected by the dietary treatment. High‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a few differences in the composition of cecal microbiota among the treatments. The only difference with respect to bacterial family was that the cecal abundance of Porphyromonadaceae (3.46 versus 2.11%; P = 0.073) tended to be higher for birds consuming the CC diet than those birds consuming the CT diet. Birds fed the BT diet tended to have a higher abundance of Barnesiella (0.62 versus 0.13%; P = 0.057) and a lower abundance of unclassified Ruminococcaceae (0.64 versus 1.19%; P = 0.097) than those fed the CT diet. Considering beneficial intestinal Barnesiella, this decreases and ultimately clears the colonization of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus. The unclassified Ruminococcaceae was a low‐frequency and low‐abundance bacterial taxa and was not associated with intestinal pathology.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate a similar modulation of cecal microbiota in laying hens by long‐term feeding among transgenic CC corn, BT corn and non‐transgenic corn and provide data for biosafety evaluation of the transgenic corn. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Physical, structural and antioxidant properties of brewer's spent grain protein films
Authors: Proaño Janina L , Salgado Pablo R , Cian Raúl E , Mauri Adriana N , Drago Silvina R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe development of brewer's spent grain protein (BSG‐PC) films with potential active packaging properties was investigated. Films were prepared by casting protein dispersions at different pH values (2, 8, 11), plasticizers [polyethylene glycol (PEG) or glycerol] and levels (0–0.25 g g−1) of PEG. Mechanical, water‐barrier and solubility, optical, antioxidant (reducing power, ABTS•+ and lipidic radical scavenging), and antimicrobial properties of films were determined. Also, the structural characteristics of films were evaluated by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.RESULTSOnly films prepared at pH 2 and plasticized by PEG were homogeneous in appearance and could be manipulated; thus, different levels of PEG were studied at this pH. Higher PEG concentrations increased water solubility, water vapor permeability and elongation at break, and decreased tensile strength and elastic modulus. PEG increased α‐helix structure only when 0.10 g PEG g‐1 BSG‐PC was used. This could be related to the better mechanical properties of F0.10 films (higher tensile strength, and elastic modulus) with respect to the other films. Antioxidant activity depended on PEG concentration, whereas no antimicrobial properties against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella newport and Penicillium corylophylum were detected.CONCLUSIONThe formulations with 0.10 and 0.15 g PEG g−1 BSG‐PC appear to be the most promising, balancing mechanical, water‐barrier properties and the antioxidant capacity of these films. Moreover, BSG proteins could be a cheap alternative for the preparation of biodegradable films, which are capable of being used as active food packaging. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensitivity of yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca L.) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus‐galli L.) to aqueous extracts or dry biomass of cover crops
Authors: Brijačak Ema , Košćak Laura , Šoštarčić Valentina , Kljak Kristina , Šćepanović Maja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe common weeds Echinochloa crus‐galli L. and Setaria glauca L. were studied for their sensitivity to aqueous extracts or dry biomass of the following cover crops (CCs): Brassicaceae (Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus var. Oleiformis, Camellina sativa), Fagopyrum esculentum and Guizotia abyssinica.RESULTSTreating E. crus‐galli with aqueous extracts of mixed CCs or individual brassica CC significantly reduced germination. Treating S. glauca with aqueous extracts of C. sativa or G. abyssinicia reduced germination. Aqueous extracts of all CCs significantly reduced radicle length of E. crus‐galli and S. glauca, with C. sativa and mixed CCs showing the greatest effect. Aqueous extracts of nearly all CCs delayed start and middle germination of E. crus‐galli and S. glauca, with S. alba and R. sativus showing the strongest effects. Aqueous extracts of Brassicaceae leaf and flower significantly reduced germination, coleoptile length, radicle length and seedling biomass of E. crus‐galli and S. glauca. Brassicaceae leaves and flowers contained higher phenolics than other tissues. Adding 4 or 8% S. alba and R. sativus dry powder to soil significantly reduced growth of E. crus‐galli and S. glauca; even concentrations of 1% measurably slowed growth of E. crus‐galli.CONCLUSIONSBrassicaceae may be allelopathic to S. glauca and E. crus‐galli. Aqueous extracts of leaves and flowers showed greater phytotoxic activity than other tissues and also contained more phenolics. Therefore Brassicaceae CCs may be most effective against S. glauca and E. crus‐galli if incorporated into soil during their flowering stage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
A high image quality organic light‐emitting diode display with motion blur reduction for ultrahigh resolution and premium TVs
Authors: Shin Hong Jae , Choi Soo Hong , Choi Jae Yi , Park Jae Kyu , Kim Sung Joong , Yun Seong Ho , Seo Jeong Rim , Bae Sung Joon , Kim Han Seop , Oh Chang Ho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a high image quality organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display with motion blur reduction technology. Our latest work includes driving method that reduces motion blur using an adaptive black data insertion, brightness compensation technology, the simple structure pixel with low capacitance coupling for horizontal noise, and the multifunction integrated gate driver. The moving picture response time (MPRT) value of the OLED display panel with a fast response time was significantly affected by the frame frequency and the compensation driving method. The MPRT value of the large‐size OLED display panels was significantly decreased by using the integrated gate driver circuit with an MPRT reduction method. The decrease in the MPRT value originated from the turning of the emitting pixels off in advance resulting from providing black data. The integrated gate drivers were designed to achieve the normal display, the black data insertion, and the compensation mode. The MPRT value of the 65‐in. ultrahigh‐definition (UHD) OLED panels was decreased to 3.4 ms by using an integrated gate driver circuit. The motion blur of large‐size OLED display panels was significantly reduced due to a decrease in the MPRT value.
Does multicenter care impact the outcomes of surgical patients with gastrointestinal malignancies requiring complex multimodality therapy?
Authors: Shannon Adrienne B. , Mo Julia , Song Yun , Paulson Emily C. , Roses Robert E. , Fraker Douglas L. , Kelz Rachel R. , Miura John T. , Karakousis Giorgos C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegionalization of oncologic care has increased, but less is known whether patient outcomes are influenced by receipt of multimodality care through multicenter care (MCC) or single‐center care (SCC).MethodsPatients from 2004 to 2015 National Cancer Data Base diagnosed with stage II‐III esophageal (EA), stage II‐III pancreatic (PA), and stage II‐IV rectal (RA) adenocarcinoma who underwent resection at a high volume center (HVC) and required radiation and/or chemotherapy were included. MCC (care at 2+ facilities) and SCC patients were propensity‐score matched 1:2 and Cox proportional hazards regression used to analyze survival.ResultsOn multivariable regression analysis, MCC in RA patients (N = 325/2097, 15.5%) was more associated with residing ≥40 miles from the HVC (odds ratio [OR] = 2.37; P = .044) and receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (1.42, P = .040). In PA patients (N = 75/380, 19.7%), residing ≥40 miles from the HVC (OR = 3.22; P = .001), and in EA patients (N = 88/534, 16.5%), younger patients (<50 years: OR = 2.96; P = .011) were associated with MCC. Following propensity score matching, EA (N = 147), PA (N = 133), and RA (N = 661) patients had no difference in 1‐year and 3‐year overall survival when comparing MCC to SCC.ConclusionsThe use of MCC appears safe without a difference in survival and may offer significant advantages in convenience to patients as they undergo their complex oncologic care.