bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAT heterozygosity and the second sterility barrier in the reproductive isolation of Saccharomyces species
Authors: Sipiczki Matthias , Antunovics Zsuzsa , Szabo Adrienne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe genetic analysis of large numbers ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae×S. uvarum(“cevarum”) andS. kudriavzevii×S. uvarum(“kudvarum”) hybrids in our previous studies revealed that these species are isolated by a postzygotic double-sterility barrier. We proposed a model in which the first barrier is due to the abruption of the meiotic process by the failure of the chromosomes of the subgenomes to pair (and recombine) in meiosis and the second barrier is assumed to be the result of the suppression of mating by allospecificMATheterozygosity. While the former is analogous to the major mechanism of postzygotic reproductive isolation in plants and animals, the latter seems to beSaccharomycesspecific. To bolster the assumed involvement ofMATin the second sterility barrier, we produced synthetic alloploid two-species cevarum and kudvarum hybrids with homo- and heterothallic backgrounds as well as three-speciesS. cerevisiae×S. kudvarum×S. uvarum(“cekudvarum”) hybrids by mass-mating and examined theirMATloci using species- and cassette-specific primer pairs. We found that the allospecificMATheterozygosity repressedMATswitching and mating in the hybrids and in the viable but sterile spores produced by the cevarum hybrids that had increased (allotetraploid) genomes. The loss of heterozygosity by meiotic malsegregation ofMAT-carrying chromosomes in the latter hybrids broke down the sterility barrier. The resulting spores nullisomic for theS. uvarumchromosome produced vegetative cells capable ofMATswitching and conjugation, opening the way for GARMe (Genome Autoreduction in Meiosis), the process that leads to chimeric genomes.
Safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for brainstem hemangioblastoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yin Xiangdong , Li Chunwei , Li Liang , Duan Hongzhou 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBrainstem hemangioblastomas are benign, highly vascular tumors located in the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. Although surgical resection is currently considered the main therapeutic option for symptomatic lesions, evidence supporting the application of microsurgery has not been systematically assessed. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for brainstem hemangioblastomas. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify all English language publications reporting the outcomes of surgical treatment for brainstem hemangioblastomas. Studies from January 1990 to July 2019 with ≥ 10 cases were included. We analyzed the surgical outcomes, including gross total resection, mortality, neurological morbidity, and functional outcome according to the McCormick Scale or Karnofsky Performance Scale. Thirteen studies with 473 cases were included. The pooled proportion of gross total resection was 98% (95% confidence interval (CI), 94–100%). Overall mortality and neurological morbidity were 4 (95% CI, 2–6%) and 13% (95% CI, 7–20%), respectively. Favorable functional outcomes at the last follow-up were achieved in 85% (95% CI, 78–92%) of all patients. Improved or stable functional outcomes at long-term follow-up were achieved in 94% (95% CI, 89–97%) of patients. This meta-analysis revealed that surgical treatment for brainstem hemangioblastomas is technically feasible and effective with lasting patient benefits and cure.
Prospective Associations Between Home Practice and Depressive Symptoms in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression: A 15 Months Follow-Up Study
Authors: ter Avest Marleen J. , Greven Corina U. , Huijbers Marloes J. , Wilderjans Tom F. , Speckens Anne E. M. , Spinhoven Philip 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Home practice is considered a key element in increasing treatment effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for depression. However, long-term longitudinal research into the associations between home practice and depression outcomes is scarce. The current study examined the prospective associations between the extent of formal home practice and subsequent depression severity during 15 months of follow-up.

Methods
Data from two randomized-controlled trials on MBCT for recurrent depression were used (n = 200). Depressive symptoms were assessed at 3-month intervals: 0 (baseline), 3 (posttreatment), 6, 9, 12, and 15 months. Formal home practice frequency was calculated for each 3-month period. Autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) modelling was applied.

Results
Participants practiced formal exercises on 57% (SD = 0.22, range 0–1) of the days during MBCT, equivalent to an average of 4 days per week, which showed a rapid decline after MBCT. The level of depressive symptoms did not change over the full study period. A small positive association was found between formal home practice frequency during each three-month period on subsequent depressive symptoms, but sensitivity analyses did not confirm this. More robust, a small negative association was found between levels of depressive symptoms at each measurement point and formal home practice frequency during the subsequent three-month periods.

Conclusions
The hypothesis that more frequent home practice would lead to reductions in depressive symptoms was not confirmed in the current study. Rather, it seems that patients with higher levels of depression may subsequently practice less frequently at home. The interplay between home practice and outcome might not be as straightforward as expected. However, these results are preliminary and should be replicated first before recommendations for clinical practice can be formulated.
Case report: Analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations in a hereditary ovarian cancer family
Authors: Liao Ying , Tu Chunhua , Song Xiaoxia , Cai Liping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2) is the most important susceptibility gene associated with hereditary ovarian cancer (HOC). We aimed to screen BRAC1 and BRAC2 gene mutations in a member of a hereditary ovarian cancer family in China, and to analyze the structure and function of the mutant protein.

Methods
A typical HOC family was selected. Blood samples and pathological tissue samples were taken from the female members of the family. Blood samples from two patients with sporadic ovaries of the same pathological type were taken as a control group. After RNA extraction, PCR amplification was applied and the PCR products were directly sequenced and aligned, prediction and analysis of protein structure and molecular conformation that may be caused by BRCA1/2 mutation.

Results
The whole gene analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in ovarian cancer patients in the family showed that there were 8 mutations in BRCA1 whole gene sequencing, including 3 nonsense mutations (2314C>T, 2543T>C, 4540T>C); two mutations have been recorded, which are associated with cervical cancer (2844C>T) and endometriosis (3345A>G); three newly discovered mutations (3780A>G, 5069A>G, 3326A>T). Among them, 3780A>G and 5069A>G caused amino acid changes, while 3326A>T mutation caused Arg mutation to stop codon. A total of 7 mutations were detected in BRCA2 whole-genome sequencing, including 5 non-significant mutations (3623A>G, 4034T>C, 4790A>G, 6740G>C, 7469A>G); one no-record mutation (1716T>A), and 1 recorded mutation (1342A>C), which was associated with breast cancer and ovarian cancer. BRCA1 (3326A>T) and BRCA2 (1342A>C) mutations were co-existing in patients (II1, II3, and II5) identified as serous adenocarcinoma grade II. Two cases of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma with no history of family tumors were normalized for BRCA1/2 gene sequencing. In the gene detection of III generation female, four females with BRCA2 (1342A>C) mutation were found, and one of them also carried the BRCA1 (3326A>T) mutation, who can be considered a high-risk group of HOC in this family. Online protein structure predictions revealed that BRCA1 (3326A>T) mutations mutated AGA at this site to TGA resulting in a translated Arg (arginine) mutation as a stop codon, while BRCA2 (1342A>C) mutated AAT at this site to CAT resulting in a translated Asn mutation to His.

Conclusion
The BRCA1 (3326A>T) and BRCA2 (1342A>C) were detected in the HOC family, which may be the susceptibility gene of the family’s HOC. The BRCA1/2 gene screening may be possible to obtain high-risk populations in this family.
The wealth decumulation behavior of the retired elderly in Italy: the importance of bequest motives and precautionary saving
Authors: Ventura Luigi , Horioka Charles Yuji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the wealth accumulation and saving behavior of the retired elderly in Italy using micro data from the “Survey of Italian Households’ Income and Wealth,” a panel survey of households conducted every 2 years by the Bank of Italy. We find that, on average, the retired elderly in Italy are decumulating their wealth (dissaving) but that their wealth decumulation rates are much slower than expected. Moreover, we also find that more than 40% of the retired elderly in Italy are continuing to accumulate wealth and that more than 80% are doing positive amounts of saving. Thus, the Wealth Decumulation Puzzle (the tendency of the retired elderly to decumulate their wealth more slowly than expected) appears to apply in the case of Italy, as it does in most other countries, before as well as after the Global Financial Crisis. Moreover, our regression analysis of the determinants of the wealth accumulation and saving behavior of the retired elderly in Italy suggests that the lower than expected wealth decumulation rates and dissaving of the retired elderly in Italy is due largely to intergenerational transfers (bequests and inter vivos transfers) and saving for precautionary purposes, especially the former.
A Philosophy of Security Architecture Design
Authors: Køien Geir M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDigital systems are almost always vulnerable, yet we increasingly depend on these systems. There will be many threats towards these system. In a fully networked system, the vulnerabilities will literally be exposed to the whole world. The exposed vulnerabilities may be transformed into attacks. To counter this state of “vulnerability”, the standard remedy is to conduct security requirements analysis and security threat modeling. Threats are assessed, and various countermeasures are devised. The totality of these measures may be described as a security architecture. The goal of a security architecture will largely be to make the system robust and resilient in the face of an adversary. However, we shall argue that this is not enough. Security architecture designs should go one step further, and actually improve the defenses when faced with hostile actions. That is, the security architectures must become antifragile.
Resveratrol oligomer structure in Dipterocarpaceaeous plants
Authors: Ito Tetsuro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOligostilbenoids are a group of natural products derived from the oxidative coupling of C6–C2–C6 units found in some plant families. A structurally diverse chemical pool is produced after the successive regioselective and stereoselective oligomerization of resveratrol. This review describes the current status and knowledge of the structure of resveratrol oligomers (ROs) in Dipterocarpaceaeous plants (DPs). Beginning with the recently validated formation of ROs in DPs, each downstream conversion is described from the perspective of the resveratrol coupling mode. Particular emphasis is placed upon the regioselectivity of monomer- and dimer-derived radical–radical coupling processes, which are responsible for producing dimers, trimers, and tetramers with various cyclic frame skeletons, as well as related processes that result in highly condensed scaffolds, such as hexamers and octamers. Trimers in oxidized, dearomatized, and rearranged forms are also summarized, as well as the biogenic relationship between the compounds. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on the O- and C-glucosides of ROs, as well as on the hetero-coupled ROs. In addition, several stereoisomers that originate from asymmetric carbons and the stereochemistry with respect to the conformation due to the chiral axis are described. Besides, NMR spectroscopic properties such as coalescence and anisotropy are briefly described. Approaches to determine absolute configuration are also summarized.
Inverse distance weighting method optimization in the process of digital terrain model creation based on data collected from a multibeam echosounder
Authors: Maleika Wojciech 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the optimization of the inverse distance weighting method (IDW) in the process of creating a digital terrain model (DTM) of the seabed based on bathymetric data collected using a multibeam echosounder (MBES). There are many different methods for processing irregular measurement data into a grid-based DTM, and the most popular of these methods are inverse distance weighting (IDW), nearest neighbour (NN), moving average (MA) and kriging (K). Kriging is often considered one of the best methods in interpolation of heterogeneous spatial data, but its use is burdened by a significantly long calculation time. In contrast, the MA method is the fastest, but the calculated models are less accurate. Between them is the IDW method, which gives satisfactory accuracy with a reasonable calculation time. In this study, the author optimized the IDW method used in the process of creating a DTM seabed based on measurement points from MBES. The goal of this optimization was to significantly accelerate the calculations, with a possible additional increase in the accuracy of the created model. Several variants of IDW methods were analysed (dependent on the search radius, number of points in the interpolation, power of the interpolation and applied smoothing method). Finally, the author proposed an optimization of the IDW method, which uses a new technique of choosing the nearest points during the interpolation process (named the growing radius). The experiments presented in the paper and the results obtained show the true potential of the IDW optimized method in the case of DTM estimation.
Precipitation–soil water chemistry relationship: case study of an intensively managed grassland ecosystem in southwest England
Authors: Eludoyin Adebayo Oluwole 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnvironmental assessments typically require fine- or high-resolution datasets, example of which the Environmental Change Network (ECN) provides. This study has therefore taken advantage of the free access to the datasets to investigate temporal characteristics of precipitation and soil water chemistry, and relationship between the concentration of selected chemical variables in precipitation and soil water at 0–10 cm and below 10 cm depths based on data availability. The aim was to determine whether observations from the ECN data support results from the previous hypothesis on dominant run-off mechanism at the study area. Method of analysis involves inferential statistics and wavelet transform plot of selected physico-chemical variables for six (2010–2016) years. Results showed that most of the selected chemical variables exhibited low coefficient of determination in the relationship of their concentration in precipitation and soil water. Relatively linear relationships, however, occurred in the values of conductivity, Cl−, Ca2+, alkalinity and Mg2+ between the 0–10 cm and below 10 cm depths, indicating mixing of soil water at both soil zones. Inference from the results suggests a possible significant role of pre-event water or geological influence on soil water chemistry. The study affirms the hypothesis that saturation overland flow dominates areas underlain by Halstow soil series in the area.
Non-enzymatic covalent modifications: a new link between metabolism and epigenetics
Authors: Zheng Qingfei , Maksimovic Igor , Upad Akhil , David Yael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpigenetic modifications, including those on DNA and histones, have been shown to regulate cellular metabolism by controlling expression of enzymes involved in the corresponding metabolic pathways. In turn, metabolic flux influences epigenetic regulation by affecting the biosynthetic balance of enzyme cofactors or donors for certain chromatin modifications. Recently, non-enzymatic covalent modifications (NECMs) by chemically reactive metabolites have been reported to manipulate chromatin architecture and gene transcription through multiple mechanisms. Here, we summarize these recent advances in the identification and characterization of NECMs on nucleic acids, histones, and transcription factors, providing an additional mechanistic link between metabolism and epigenetics.
Social Justice Games: Building an Escape Room on Elder Abuse through Participatory Action Research
Authors: Lafontaine Constance , Sawchuk Kim , DeJong Scott 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the creation of an escape room on older adult mistreatment (or elder abuse). The game, titled Sandra's Keys, invited players to engage with the story of a fictional older woman dealing with a situation of abuse through a series puzzles. The escape room sought to bring players into a conversation about the different forms of elder abuse, and to give them a greater understanding of their role as bystanders and of the potential ways to intervene. The escape room game was co-designed by researchers, a group of older adults activists in Montreal and a social worker. This paper focuses on how we made this game and the methodological principles and values behind the design process. This design process is grounded in Participatory Action Research and is inspired by the writings of radical theatre activist Augusto Boal. One of its aims was to consolidate long standing relationships between the members of the design team around a common social justice goal. We map out the potential of games to become tools in the ‘arsenal’ of community-based activism and to playfully contradict dominant societal norms related to age. Finally, we introduce the term ‘social justice game’ to assert the connections between activism, social justice and games studies.
Making and Receiving Offers of Help on Social Media Following Disaster Predict Posttraumatic Growth but not Posttraumatic Stress
Authors: Levaot Yael , Greene Talya , Palgi Yuval 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Social media provides an opportunity to engage in social contact and to give and receive help by means of online social networks. Social support following trauma exposure, even in a virtual community, may reduce feelings of helplessness and isolation, and, therefore, reduce posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTS), and increase posttraumatic growth (PTG). The current study aimed to assess whether giving and/or receiving offers of help by means of social media following large community fires predicted PTS and/or PTG.Methods:A convenience sample of 212 adults living in communities that were affected by large-scale community fires in Israel (November 2016) completed questionnaires on giving and receiving offers of help by means of social media within 1 mo of the fire (W1), and the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and PTG questionnaire (PTGI-SF), 4 mo after the fire (W2).Results:Regression analyses showed that, after controlling for age, gender, and distance from fire, offering help by means of social media predicted higher PTG (β = 0.22; t = 3.18; P < 0.01), as did receiving offers of help by means of social media (β = 0.18; t = 2.64; P < 0.01). There were no significant associations between giving and/or receiving offers of help and PTS.Conclusions:Connecting people to social media networks may help in promoting posttraumatic growth, although might not impact on posttraumatic symptoms. This is one of the first studies to highlight empirically the advantages of social media in the aftermath of trauma exposure.
The Ontogenetic Foundations of Epistemic Norms
Authors: Tomasello Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I approach epistemic norms from an ontogenetic point of view. I argue and present evidence that to understand epistemic norms – e.g., scientific norms of methodology and the evaluation of evidence – children must first develop through their social interactions with others three key concepts. First is the concept of belief, which provides the most basic distinction on which scientific investigations rest: the distinction between individual subjective perspectives and an objective reality. Second is the concept of reason, which in the context of science obligates practitioners to justify their claims to others with reasons by grounding them in beliefs that are universally shared within the community. Third is the concept of social norm, which is not primarily epistemic, but provides children with an understanding of norms as collective agreements. The theoretical argument is that all three of these concepts emerge not from just any kind of social interaction, but specifically from social interactions structured by the human species’ unique capacities for shared intentionality.
Onset and maturation of Asian summer monsoon precipitation reconstructed from intra-annual tree-ring oxygen isotopes from the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xu Chenxi , Zhu Haifeng , Wang S.-Y. Simon , Shi Feng , An Wenling , Li Zhen , Sano Masaki , Nakatsuka Takeshi , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a long-term seasonal tree ring cellulose oxygen isotope (δ18Oc) time series created by analyzing four segments (S1, S2, S3, and S4) per year during the period of 1951–2009 from southeastern Tibetan Plateau. This intraseasonal δ18Ocreveals the onset and mature phase of the summer monsoon precipitation in this region. Analysis indicates that the δ18Ocof S1 has the strongest correlation with precipitation during the regional monsoon onset (29–33 pentads, May 21–June 10,r= −0.69), and the δ18Ocvalues for S2, S3, and S4 correlate strongly with June, July, and August precipitation, respectively. Combined δ18Ocof S2, S3, and S4 shows the most robust correlation (r= −0.82) with the mature-phase monsoon precipitation (June-July-August, JJA), passing rigorous statistical tests for calibration and verification in dendroclimatology. These results demonstrate the feasibility in using long-term intraseasonal δ18Octo reconstruct the Asian summer monsoon's intraseasonal variations.
THE CORPORATE AGENT IN CRIMINAL LAW – AN ARGUMENT FOR COMPREHENSIVE IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Dsouza Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe use doctrines of identification to explain how corporations may commit criminal offences in their own right, but current versions thereof have several shortcomings. Here, I suggest that reformulating the identification doctrine to treat all corporate officers and employees as embodying the corporation when acting within their real or ostensible authority, might remedy these shortcomings. Arguments against the resulting expansion of corporate criminal liability are unconvincing, especially when juxtaposed with the criminal law's response to similar arguments made on behalf of natural persons. This may indicate that we should also moderate the criminal law's harshness towards natural persons.
How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?
Authors: Rakoczy Hannes 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.