bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viewpoint: From Responsive to Adaptive and Interactive Materials and Materials Systems: A Roadmap
Authors: Walther Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSoft matter systems and materials are moving toward adaptive and interactive behavior, which holds outstanding promise to make the next generation of intelligent soft materials systems inspired from the dynamics and behavior of living systems. But what is an adaptive material? What is an interactive material? How should classical responsiveness or smart materials be delineated? At present, the literature lacks a comprehensive discussion on these topics, which is however of profound importance in order to identify landmark advances, keep a correct and noninflating terminology, and most importantly educate young scientists going into this direction. By comparing different levels of complex behavior in biological systems, this Viewpoint strives to give some definition of the various different materials systems characteristics. In particular, the importance of thinking in the direction of training and learning materials, and metabolic or behavioral materials is highlighted, as well as communication and information‐processing systems. This Viewpoint aims to also serve as a switchboard to further connect the important fields of systems chemistry, synthetic biology, supramolecular chemistry and nano‐ and microfabrication/3D printing with advanced soft materials research. A convergence of these disciplines will be at the heart of empowering future adaptive and interactive materials systems with increasingly complex and emergent life‐like behavior.
Advanced Materials and Device Architectures for Magnetooptical Spatial Light Modulators
Authors: Kharratian Soheila , Urey Hakan , Onbaşlı Mehmet C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFaraday and Kerr rotations are magnetooptical (MO) effects used for rotating the polarization of light in transmission and reflection from a magnetized medium, respectively. MO effects combined with intrinsically fast magnetization reversal, which can go down to a few tens of femtoseconds or less, can be applied in magnetooptical spatial light modulators (MOSLMs) promising for nonvolatile, ultrafast, and high‐resolution spatial modulation of light. With the recent progress in low‐power switching of magnetic and MO materials, MOSLMs may lead to major breakthroughs and benefit beyond state‐of‐the‐art holography, data storage, optical communications, heads‐up displays, virtual and augmented reality devices, and solid‐state light detection and ranging (LIDAR). In this study, the recent developments in the growth, processing, and engineering of advanced materials with high MO figures of merit for practical MOSLM devices are reviewed. The challenges with MOSLM functionalities including the intrinsic weakness of MO effect and large power requirement for switching are assessed. The suggested solutions are evaluated, different driving systems are investigated, and resulting device architectures are benchmarked. Finally, the research opportunities on MOSLMs for achieving integrated, high‐contrast, and low‐power devices are presented.
Transferable GaN Enabled by Selective Nucleation of AlN on Graphene for High‐Brightness Violet Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jia Yanqing , Ning Jing , Zhang Jincheng , Yan Chaochao , Wang Boyu , Zhang Yachao , Zhu Jiaduo , Shen Xue , Dong Jianguo , Wang Dong , Hao Yue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA transferable GaN epilayer is grown on an improved aluminum nitride (AlN)/graphene composite substrate. In this study, theoretical calculations using first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory are carefully conducted to further examine the formation mechanism of AlN on graphene. AlN selectively grows on graphene via its optimal nucleation site, which leads to the selective nucleation of AlN on graphene via quasi‐van der Waals epitaxy. Thus, an AlN composite nucleation layer is innovatively inserted between graphene and GaN, using the time‐distributed and constant‐pressure growth method by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Moreover, a high‐quality GaN epilayer can be grown while ensuring the successful exfoliation of GaN by overcoming weak van der Waals forces between the graphene and the epilayer. The as‐fabricated violet light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) deliver an ultrahigh light output power. This method demonstrates the possibility of achieving a high‐quality vertical structure for LEDs and the ability to mechanically transfer to achieve flexible lighting.
Electrochemical Difunctionalization of Olefines: Access to Selenomethyl‐Substituted Cyclic Ethers or Lactones
Authors: Meng Xiu‐Jin , Zhong Ping‐Fu , Wang Yu‐Mei , Wang Heng‐Shan , Tang Hai‐Tao , Pan Ying‐Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA metal‐ and oxidant‐free electrochemical method for preparing selenomethyl‐substituted cyclic ethers or lactones via difunctionalization of olefines is presented. A series of selenomethyl‐substituted cyclic ethers, particularly 9‐ and 11‐ membered, selenomethyl‐substituted lactones (4‐6 membered), and selenomethyl‐substituted phthalides can be obtained via this reaction. This method features convenient operation, an electron as oxidant, and ammonium iodide as electrolyte, thereby making it a green synthesis method.magnified image
Microfluidic‐Architected Nanoarrays/Porous Core–Shell Fibers toward Robust Micro‐Energy‐Storage
Authors: Meng Jinku , Wu Guan , Wu Xingjiang , Cheng Hengyang , Xu Zhi , Chen Su 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMethods enabling the controllable fabrication of orderly structural and active nanomaterials, along with high‐speed ionic pathways for charge migration and storage are highly fundamental in fiber‐shaped micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). However, due to fiber‐electrodes with compact internal microstructure and less porosity, MSCs usually display a low energy density. Here, an innovative microfluidic strategy is proposed to design ordered porous and anisotropic core–shell fibers based on nickel oxide arrays/graphene nanomaterials. Owing to the homogeneous microchannels reaction, the graphene core maintains a uniformly anisotropic porous structure, and the nickel oxide shell keeps steadily vertically aligned nanosheets. The MSC presents an ultrahigh energy density (120.3 µWh cm−2) and large specific capacitance (605.9 mF cm−2). This higher performance originates from the microfluidic‐architected core–shell fiber with abundant ionic channels (plentiful micro‐/mesopores), large specific‐surface‐area (425.6 m2 g−1), higher electrical conductivity (176.6 S cm−1), and sufficient redox activity, facilitating ions with quicker diffusion and greater accumulation. Considering those outstanding properties, a wearable self‐powered system, converting and storing solar energy into electric energy, is designed to light up displays. This microfluidic strategy offers an effective way to design new structural materials, which will advance the development of next‐generation wearable/smart industries.
Controversies in preoperative therapy in esophageal cancer: Current evidence and ongoing research
Authors: Ashok Apurva , Tiwari Virendra , Jiwnani Sabita , Karimundackal George , Pramesh C. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEsophageal cancer incidence is growing worldwide, especially adenocarcinomas in the western world. Outcomes overall are universally poor, with the best survival seen in earlier stages of the disease, where surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Although squamous cell cancers and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus have different etiology, clinical features, biological behavior and prognosis, earlier research studies have frequently combined the two histologies. Several trials in the past three decades have been carried out in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and perioperative settings in attempts to improve survival further. Most of the initial studies were small and underpowered, and showed no benefit with neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment over surgery alone. More recent well‐designed trials have now established that the neoadjuvant (in squamous and adenocarcinomas) and the perioperative (in adenocarcinomas) strategies result in superior outcomes compared to surgery alone. However, the optimum neoadjuvant strategy has still not been identified, with both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy (both followed by surgery) showing superior outcomes over surgery alone. Direct comparisons of these two neoadjuvant protocols have not shown a clear benefit of one over the other, although more trials are ongoing and may settle this debate. Future studies using personalized medicine and immunotherapy are required to evaluate their role in the management of esophageal cancers.
Trabecular variation in the first metacarpal and manipulation in hominids
Authors: Dunmore Christopher J. , Bardo Ameline , Skinner Matthew M. , Kivell Tracy L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe dexterity of fossil hominins is often inferred by assessing the comparative manual anatomy and behaviors of extant hominids, with a focus on the thumb. The aim of this study is to test whether trabecular structure is consistent with what is currently known about habitually loaded thumb postures across extant hominids.Materials and methodsWe analyze first metacarpal (Mc1) subarticular trabecular architecture in humans (Homo sapiens, n = 10), bonobos (Pan paniscus, n = 10), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes, n = 11), as well as for the first time, gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, n = 10) and orangutans (Pongo sp., n = 1, Pongo abelii, n = 3 and Pongo pygmaeus, n = 5). Using a combination of subarticular and whole‐epiphysis approaches, we test for significant differences in relative trabecular bone volume (RBV/TV) and degree of anisotropy (DA) between species.ResultsHumans have significantly greater RBV/TV on the radiopalmar aspects of both the proximal and distal Mc1 subarticular surfaces and greater DA throughout the Mc1 head than other hominids. Nonhuman great apes have greatest RBV/TV on the ulnar aspect of the Mc1 head and the palmar aspect of the Mc1 base. Gorillas possessed significantly lower DA in the Mc1 head than any other taxon in our sample.DiscussionThese results are consistent with abduction of the thumb during forceful “pad‐to‐pad” precision grips in humans and, in nonhuman great apes, a habitually adducted thumb that is typically used in precision and power grips. This comparative context will help infer habitual manipulative and locomotor grips in fossil hominins.
Tiara[5]arenes: Synthesis, Solid‐State Conformational Studies, Host–Guest Properties, and Application as Nonporous Adaptive Crystals
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Samanta Kushal , Wan Xintong , Thikekar Tushar Ulhas , Chao Yang , Li Shunshun , Du Ke , Xu Jun , Gao Yan , Zuilhof Han , Sue Andrew C.‐H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTiara[5]arenes (T[5]s), a new class of five‐fold symmetric oligophenolic macrocycles that are not accessible from the addition of formaldehyde to phenol, were synthesized for the first time. These pillar[5]arene‐derived structures display both unique conformational freedom, differing from that of pillararenes, with a rich blend of solid‐state conformations and excellent host–guest interactions in solution. Finally we show how this novel macrocyclic scaffold can be functionalized in a variety of ways and used as functional crystalline materials to distinguish uniquely between benzene and cyclohexane.
Crystal‐Phase‐Engineered PdCu Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Tong Wu , Huang Bolong , Wang Pengtang , Li Leigang , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCrystal phase engineering is a powerful strategy for regulating the performance of electrocatalysts towards many electrocatalytic reactions, while its impact on the nitrogen electroreduction has been largely unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate that structurally ordered body‐centered cubic (BCC) PdCu nanoparticles can be adopted as active, selective, and stable electrocatalysts for ammonia synthesis. Specifically, the BCC PdCu exhibits excellent activity with a high NH3 yield of 35.7 μg h−1 mg−1cat, Faradaic efficiency of 11.5 %, and high selectivity (no N2H4 is detected) at −0.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming its counterpart, face‐centered cubic (FCC) PdCu, and most reported nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) electrocatalysts. It also exhibits durable stability for consecutive electrolysis for five cycles. Density functional theory calculation reveals that strong orbital interactions between Pd and neighboring Cu sites in BCC PdCu obtained by structure engineering induces an evident correlation effect for boosting up the Pd 4d electronic activities for efficient NRR catalysis. Our findings open up a new avenue for designing active and stable electrocatalysts towards NRR.
Chirality Induction through Nano‐Phase Separation: Alternating Network Gyroid Phase by Thermotropic Self‐Assembly of X‐Shaped Bolapolyphiles
Authors: Chen Changlong , Kieffer Robert , Ebert Helgard , Prehm Marko , Zhang Rui‐bin , Zeng Xiangbing , Liu Feng , Ungar Goran , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe single gyroid phase as well as the alternating double network gyroid, composed of two alternating single gyroid networks, hold a significant place in ordered nanoscale morphologies for their potential applications as photonic crystals, metamaterials and templates for porous ceramics and metals. Here, we report the first alternating network cubic liquid crystals. They form through self‐assembly of X‐shaped polyphiles, where glycerol‐capped terphenyl rods lie on the gyroid surface while semiperfluorinated and aliphatic side‐chains fill their respective separate channel networks. This new self‐assembly mode can be considered as a two‐color symmetry‐broken double gyroid morphology, providing a tailored way to fabricate novel chiral structures with sub‐10 nm periodicities using achiral compounds.
Untargeted Tumor Metabolomics with Liquid Chromatography–Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Lifu , Wang Chuanqi , Dai Chen , Littlepage Laurie E. , Li Jun , Schultz Zachary D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetabolomics is a powerful systems biology approach that monitors changes in biomolecule concentrations to diagnose and monitor health and disease. However, leading metabolomics technologies, such as NMR and mass spectrometry (MS), access only a small portion of the metabolome. Now an approach is presented that uses the high sensitivity and chemical specificity of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for online detection of metabolites from tumor lysates following liquid chromatography (LC). The results demonstrate that this LC‐SERS approach has metabolite detection capabilities comparable to the state‐of‐art LC‐MS but suggest a selectivity for the detection of a different subset of metabolites. Analysis of replicate LC‐SERS experiments exhibit reproducible metabolite patterns that can be converted into barcodes, which can differentiate different tumor models. Our work demonstrates the potential of LC‐SERS technology for metabolomics‐based diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Additive‐Free Green Light‐Induced Ligation Using BODIPY Triggers
Authors: Li Ming , Dove Andrew P. , Truong Vinh X. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotochemical ligation is important in biomaterials engineering for spatiotemporal control of biochemical processes. Such reactions however generally require activation by high energy UV or short wavelength blue light, which can limit their use as a consequence of the potential of these high energy light sources to damage living cells. Herein, we present an additive‐free, biocompatible, chemical ligation triggered by mild visible light. BODIPY dyes with a pendant thioether attached at the meso‐position undergo photolysis of the [C−S] bond under green light (λ=530 nm) excitation, producing an ion pair intermediate that can react specifically with a propiolate group. The utility of this photochemical ligation in materials science is demonstrated by the fabrication of hydrogels with specific architectures, photo‐immobilization of biomacromolecules, and live cell encapsulation within a hydrogel scaffold.
Chemical and electrochemical synthesis, structure, photoluminescent properties, and biological activity of 4‐methyl‐N‐[2‐[(Z)‐2‐(2‐pyridyl)alkyliminomethyl]phenyl]benzenesulfamide zinc(II) complexes
Authors: Burlov Anatolii S. , Vlasenko Valery G. , Koshchienko Yurii V. , Makarova Nadezhda I. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Kolodina Alexandra A. , Garnovskii Dmitrii A. , Zubenko Alexander A. , Drobin Yurii D. , Trigub Alexander L. , Metelitsa Anatolii V. 
Published: November 2019

A series of Zn(II) complexes of the tridentate azomethine ligands, condensation products of 2‐(N‐tosylamino)benzaldehyde and 2‐aminoalkylpyridines, were synthesized by chemical and electrochemical methods. All compounds were characterized on the basis of C, H, N elemental analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV–Vis, and photoluminescence studies. The local atomic structures of complexes were determined from analysis of extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure of Zn K‐edges. The molecular structure of chloro‐{4‐methyl‐N‐[2‐[(Z)‐2‐pyridyl)ethyliminomethyl]phenyl]benzenesulfamide}zinc(II) was determined by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The fluorescence spectra show that these complexes in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at room temperature emit bright blue luminescence at 435–461 nm with fluorescence quantum yields in the range of 0.20–0.31. The assignment and the nature of the bands in experimental UV–Vis spectra of complexes were analyzed using time‐dependent density functional theory calculations B3LYP/6‐31G(d). The azomethines and complexes of zinc have been screened for their antibacterial, protistocidal, and fungistatic activities against Penicillium italicum, Colpoda steinii, Escherichia coli 078, and Staphylococcus aureus P‐209, and the results are compared with the activity of furazolidone, chloroquine, and Fundazol.
Human impacts on the endangered fan mussel,Pinna nobilis
Authors: Öndes Fikret , Kaiser Michel J. , Güçlüsoy Harun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPinna nobilisis a sensitive and vulnerable species and is hence considered a good indicator of anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems.This study provides novel data on the density and distribution of endangeredP. nobilison the Turkish coasts. Threats to the status ofP. nobilis, including by‐catch and illegal collection, were assessed, as was the general awareness of people about the endangered status of fan mussels.The data sources consisted of direct observations from diving surveys and the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishers and scuba‐divers.Results demonstrated that the density ofP. nobilissignificantly changed with environmental parameters, such as depth, and among different sampling areas. The number of damaged individuals was lowest in the areas that were distant from human influences such as ports and tourist beaches. The density estimations ofP. nobilisacross a wide geographic area around the Turkish coasts revealed that the density of fan mussels was highest around western coasts in comparison with southern coasts.Fishers and divers indicated that the population of this species has decreased during the last decade. The main causes of this decline were suggested to be the impacts of fishing gear, poaching, pollution, and boat anchoring. The highest volume of by‐catch was estimated to be taken by trawls. In general, the knowledge and local awareness of the conservation importance and status of fan mussels was poor.The study has identified those areas where fan mussels occur at a high density, and hence may indicate areas for possible conservation protection status. Second, areas exposed to the illegal harvesting of fan mussels were highlighted. Societal concern would benefit from educational activities to raise awareness of the ecological importance and conservation needs for fan mussels in Turkey.
Discovery of Ubonodin, an Antimicrobial Lasso Peptide Active against Members of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex
Authors: Cheung‐Lee Wai Ling , Parry Madison E. , Zong Chuhan , Cartagena Alexis Jaramillo , Darst Seth A. , Connell Nancy D. , Russo Riccardo , Link A. James 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report the heterologous expression, structure, and antimicrobial activity of a lasso peptide, ubonodin, encoded in the genome of Burkholderia ubonensis. The topology of ubonodin is unprecedented amongst lasso peptides, with 18 of its 28 amino acids found in the mechanically bonded loop segment. Ubonodin inhibits RNA polymerase in vitro and has potent antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic members of the Burkholderia genus, most notably B. cepacia and B. multivorans, causative agents of lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
Magmaris very late in‐scaffold restenosis: Has the “black boxes” nightmare come back?
Authors: Bayón Jeremías , Santás‐Álvarez Melisa , Ocaranza‐Sánchez Raymundo , González‐Juanatey Carlos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnesium Bioresorbable Scaffold (Magmaris, Biotronik) is a device with promising outcomes at 24 months of follow up. Previous studies with first generation, everolimus‐eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold (Absorb, Abbott) showed that very late restenosis seems to be attributed to pure intrascaffold tissue growth but very late. Magmaris very late restenosis has not been previously published, probably because of the 95% of resorption at 12 months. We present in‐scaffold very late restenosis within Magmaris, with Optical Coherence Tomography, highlighting mechanism of degradation and in scaffold “neo‐tissue” growth.
Synergistic Pd/Cu Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Wu Yue , Huo Xiaohong , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSynergistic Pd/Cu catalysis has been utilized in the Sonogashira reaction since 1975. However, this strategy has not received much attention from the organic chemist community until recently. Synergistic Pd/Cu catalysis is becoming a proficient method for the development of catalytic reactions, including several new and efficient cross‐coupling reactions. Additionally, several challenging asymmetric reactions, including stereodivergent synthesis, have been discovered by the combined use of a chiral metal catalyst and a second achiral metal catalyst or two chiral metal catalysts. This review provides an overview of this field, with the aims of highlighting both the development of synergistic Pd/Cu catalysis in organic synthesis and the reaction mechanisms involved in this research area.