bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding and child survival from 0 to 5 years in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Yapo Yomin Virginie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
One of the main objectives of health policy-makers is to promote children’s growth, development, and survival. The current research evaluates the impact of breastfeeding on infant survival and highlights the major socio-economic determinants of child survival from 0 to 5 years old in Côte d’Ivoire.

Methods
This study uses Probit estimation to evaluate the impact of the type of breastfeeding on the survival of children aged from 0 to 5 years old. The main socio-economic determinants of child survival were identified and analyzed. The sample of the study covers 7776 children under 5 years old drawn from the Côte d'Ivoire Demographic Health Surveys and the Multiple Indicators cluster survey of 2012.

Results
A child is more likely to survive when immediate exclusive breastfeeding was practiced for up to 6 months. The probability of survival increases significantly when the mother lives in a healthy environment, when she has at least a primary school education, and when she plays a leading role in caring for the children. Likewise, when she better controls the market of some breast milk supplement and she chooses the best milk formula to complete feeding for her baby, the child’s chances of survival increase significantly.

Conclusion
Health policy-makers must strengthen programs to promote exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months through social campaigns. It should also strengthen the capacity of health workers (midwives, nurses, doctors, etc.) to better guide and provide training to mothers and young women about childbearing age to allow them to practice exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. It is only after 6 months that they have to complete infant feeding by providing some semi-solid food rich in vitamins, proteins, and minerals. Taking into account the time constraint when they are engaged in economic activity, they must choose the best formula milk to supplement breastfeeding. It is also important to educate women to improve hygiene in their housing, in their neighborhood and in their community in order to promote the welfare and health of their children.
Inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the “standardized endoscopic swallowing evaluation for tracheostomy decannulation in critically ill neurologic patients”
Authors: Warnecke Tobias , Muhle Paul , Claus Inga , Schröder Jens B. , Labeit Bendix , Lapa Sriramya , Suntrup-Krueger Sonja , Dziewas Rainer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Removal of a tracheostomy tube in critically ill neurologic patients is a difficult issue, particularly due to the high incidence of oropharyngeal dysphagia. For an objective evaluation of decannulation readiness the “Standardized Endoscopic Swallowing Evaluation for Tracheostomy Decannulation in Critically Ill Neurologic Patients” (SESETD) – a stepwise evaluation of ‘secretion management’, ‘spontaneous swallows’ and ‘laryngeal sensibility/cough’ – has been introduced. With the recent study detailed data on inter-rater and test-retest reliability are presented.

Methods
To obtain inter-rater reliability levels both in a group of raters with at least 5 years of experience (‘experts’) and in a group of raters with no or only minor experience using the SESETD (‘non-experts’), for each single item of the protocol and the sum score α-, respectively κ-levels were determined. The ‘experts’ assessed the same videos after a four-week interval to determine test-retest reliability. Ten videos from tracheostomized neurological patients completely weaned from mechanical ventilation were assessed independently by six ‘experts’. 27 ‘non-experts’ applied the SESETD on 5 videos from the same patient population after introduction to the protocol in a one-hour workshop.

Results
For the items ‘secretion management’ and ‘spontaneous swallows’ α-levels were identified at > 0.800 both in the group of ‘experts’ and ‘non-experts’. With regard to the item ‘laryngeal sensibility/cough’ in both groups, the α-level was ≥0.667. With κ-levels of 1.0 for ‘secretion management’, 0.93 for ‘spontaneous swallows’ and 0.76 for ‘laryngeal sensibility/cough’ test-retest reliability showed at least substantial agreement for each item. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the sum score was excellent in both groups (α ≥ 0.90).

Conclusions
The SESETD demonstrates good to excellent agreement for each single item included as well as the sum score in experienced and unexperienced raters supporting its usefulness for implementation in daily clinical routine and as an outcome measure for clinical trials.
Successful thoracic endovascular aortic repair for post-coarctoplasty aneurysm
Authors: Saedi Sedigheh , Aliramezany Maryam , Moosavi Jamal , Saedi Tahereh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Aortic coarctation is currently treated by both surgical and transcatheter methods. Patients can present with late complication of prior surgical repair including recoarctation and aneurysm formation. There are limited reports on safety and efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair methods (TEVAR) in post-coarctation repair patients.

Case presentation
We report an adult patient with aortic aneurysm formation following surgical coarctoplasty successfully treated with transcatheter TEVAR method obviating the need for open heart surgery.

Conclusion
Endovascular repair of aneurysms in post-coarctoplasty patients is a promising method and should be considered in those with suitable anatomy based on prior imaging.
Gender differences among ischemic heart disease patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program
Authors: El Missiri Ahmed Mohamed , Awadalla Hany Mohamed , Almoudi Mosadaq Mustafa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiac rehabilitation programs reduce cardiovascular events and mortality in ischemic heart disease patients. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among ischemic heart disease patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program regarding adherence to the program, as well as, changes in clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters.

Results
A prospective study that included 30 men and 30 women with stable ischemic heart disease who had been totally revascularized by percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were enrolled in a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation program. Assessment of demographics, anthropometric measurements, risk factors, and functional capacity was performed. Lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, and left ventricular ejection fraction were assessed. Assessments were performed at baseline and after completion of the program.
Time to enrollment in the program was prolonged for women 39.17 ± 40.49 vs. 19.77 ± 10.26 days (p = 0.014). At baseline, more women were diabetic (p = 0.004), hypertensive (p = 0.02), had a larger waist circumference (p = 0.022), a higher BMI (p = 0.011), and higher HbA1c (p = 0.033). More men were active smokers (p < 0.001). After completion of the program, it was found that men attended 19.1 ± 4.77 (79.6%) sessions compared to 15.7 ± 5.72 (65.4%) sessions for women (p = 0.015). Women had more reduction in diastolic BP − 10.93 ± 8.94 vs. − 5.47 ± 12.57 mmHg (p = 0.058). The magnitude of reduction in resting heart rate was significant in men (p = 0.018) but not in women (p = 0.376). The magnitude of reduction in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides was more in men (p = 0.018 and p = 0.014). Women showed more reduction in HbA1c (p = 0.052).

Conclusion
Men are more adherent to cardiac rehabilitation programs. Recruitment of women is significantly delayed. Women have a higher cardiovascular risk burden in the form of prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Completion of a cardiac rehabilitation program causes a reduction in BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure measurements, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, HbA1c, and LVEDD with an increase in LVEF in both genders. Men show more reduction in resting HR, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while women show more reduction in diastolic BP and HBA1c.
Social cognitive deficits in male children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in relation to salivary oxytocin level
Authors: Dessoki Hani H. , Amin Omnia R. , Soltan Mohamed R. , Abbas Mohammed M. , Dawoud Mariam E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
There is evidence supporting a pathophysiological role of oxytocin in attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) especially hyperactive and combined subtypes. It is known that children with ADHD show a high rate of social cognitive problems regarding emotion recognition. Oxytocin was assumed to play a role in the emergence of social cognition deficits in ADHD. Aim of this study is to assess social cognition (emotion recognition) deficits in relation to oxytocin level in different subtypes of ADHD among the study group. Forty male patients with ADHD were recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinic of Fayoum University Hospital, were diagnosed according to DSM-5, and were assessed using Conner’s parent rating scale–revised (L). Social cognition measured by CANTAB emotion recognition task (ERT) and the level of salivary oxytocin was measured by ELISA technique.

Results
Combined subtype had been lower in correctly detecting the emotions of fear and anger. Predominately, hyperactive impulsive ADHD subtype was more rapid while detecting the emotions of surprise and disgust. There was significant negative correlation between age of onset of ADHD and errors in detecting the emotion of anger and positive correlation between age of onset of ADHD and errors in detecting the emotion of surprise. Correct detection of the emotion of happiness was associated with increased oxytocin level but the correct detection of the emotion of fear was inversely related to oxytocin level. No statistically significant difference between different subtypes of ADHD regarding salivary oxytocin level.

Conclusion
Oxytocin may play a role in social cognitive deficits in ADHD. The presence of social cognitive deficits in ADHD prompts further investigations to focus on the specificity of these deficits and in turn identify ways of managing them. Studying oxytocin in this population and its relation to social cognitive deficits can support the notion that oxytocin is a biological marker for ADHD.
Perceptions of factors influencing the introduction and adoption of electronic immunization registries in Tanzania and Zambia: a mixed methods study
Authors: Dolan Samantha B. , Alao Mary E. , Mwansa Francis Dien , Lymo Dafrossa C. , Bulula Ngwegwe , Carnahan Emily , Beylerian Emily , Werner Laurie , Shearer Jessica C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
As technology has become cheaper and more accessible, health programs are adopting digital health interventions (DHI) to improve the provision of and demand for health services. These interventions are complex and require strong coordination and support across different health system levels and government departments, and they need significant capacities in technology and information to be properly implemented. Electronic immunization registries (EIRs) are types of DHI used to capture, store, access, and share individual-level, longitudinal health information in digitized records. The BID Initiative worked in partnership with the governments of Tanzania and Zambia to introduce an EIR at the sub-national level in both countries within 5 years as part of a multi-component complex intervention package focusing on data use capacity-building.

Methods
We aimed to gather and describe learnings from the BID experience by conducting a framework-based mixed methods study to describe perceptions of factors that influenced scale-up of the EIR. Data were collected through key informant interviews, a desk review, EIRs, and health management information systems. We described how implementation of the EIRs fulfilled domains described in our conceptual framework and used cases to illustrate the relationships and relative influence of domains for scale-up and adoption of the EIR.

Results
We found that there was no single factor that seemed to influence the introduction or sustained adoption of the EIR as many of the factors were interrelated. For EIR introduction, strong strategic engagement among partners was important, while EIR adoption was influenced by adequate staffing at facilities, training, use of data for supervision, internet and electricity connectivity, and community sensitization.

Conclusions
Organizations deploying DHIs in the future should consider how best to adapt their intervention to the existing ecosystem, including human resources and organizational capacity, as well as the changing technological landscape during planning and implementation.
Unrecognized implementation science engagement among health researchers in the USA: a national survey
Authors: Stevens Elizabeth R. , Shelley Donna , Boden-Albala Bernadette 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Implementation science (IS) has the potential to serve an important role in encouraging the successful uptake of evidence-based interventions. The current state of IS awareness and engagement among health researchers, however, is relatively unknown.

Methods
To determine IS awareness and engagement among health researchers, we performed an online survey of health researchers in the USA in 2018. Basic science researchers were excluded from the sample. Engagement in and awareness of IS were measured with multiple questionnaire items that both directly and indirectly ask about IS methods used. Unrecognized IS engagement was defined as participating in research using IS elements and not indicating IS as a research method used. We performed simple logistic regressions and tested multivariable logistic regression models of researcher characteristics as predictors of IS engagement.

Results
Of the 1767 health researchers who completed the survey, 68% stated they would be able to describe IS. Only 12.7% of the population self-identified as using IS methods. Of the researchers not self-identifying as using IS methods, 86.4% reported using the IS elements “at least some of the time.” Nearly half (47.9%) reported using process/implementation evaluation, 89.2% use IS measures, 27.3% use IS frameworks, and 75.6% investigate or examine ways to integrate interventions into routine health settings. IS awareness significantly reduced the likelihood of all measures of unrecognized IS engagement (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.27, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Overall, awareness of IS is high among health researchers, yet there is also a high prevalence of unrecognized IS engagement. Efforts are needed to further disseminate what constitutes IS research and increase IS awareness among health researchers.
Multifocal displays: review and prospect
Authors: Zhan Tao , Xiong Jianghao , Zou Junyu , Wu Shin-Tson 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConventional stereoscopic three-dimensional displays suffer from vergence- accommodation conflict because the stimulus to accommodation is fixed by the display panel and viewing optics, but that to vergence changes with image contents. With the recent rapid development of head-mounted displays, several methods have been proposed to offer the accommodation cues, among which multifocal display technology is an effective and practical solution. The first two decades of this century has witnessed the fast growth of multifocal displays from basic concept to mature implementations. This review systematically presents the state-of-the-art multifocal display design and development. Firstly, a comprehensive classification of numerous potential optical architectures to provide the multiplanar functionality is introduced, based on how the information is multiplexed and how the focal planes are generated. Next, the strengths and obstacles of reported or potential designs in each category are analyzed and compared with each other. In addition to enabling optics, the image rendering approaches for the multifocal planes are also described. This review presents a sufficient collection of past designs and is expected to offer a roadmap for future research and development of multifocal displays.
Epidemiology and Primary Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Furie Karen 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides an update on the epidemiology and prevention of a first stroke. Risk factor modification plays a large role in stroke prevention. Strategies for early intervention, particularly for hypertension, are critical for reducing stroke morbidity and mortality.

RECENT FINDINGS
Because of the new criteria for hypertension, more people are now classified as hypertensive and can benefit from lifestyle or medical management. Direct oral anticoagulants have made it easier to safely treat patients with atrial fibrillation and are now considered first-line therapy for patients with an additional stroke risk factor.

SUMMARY
Primary prevention of stroke is essential for maintaining brain health throughout the life span. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle and routine screening for stroke risk factors can promote healthy, stroke-free aging.
Coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell behaviour during Drosophila abdominal morphogenesis
Authors: Pulido Companys Pau , Norris Anneliese , Bischoff Marcus 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
During morphogenesis, cells exhibit various behaviours, such as migration and constriction, which need to be coordinated. How this is achieved remains elusive. During morphogenesis of the Drosophila adult abdominal epidermis, larval epithelial cells (LECs) migrate directedly before constricting apically and undergoing apoptosis. Here, we study the mechanisms underlying the transition from migration to constriction. We show that LECs possess a pulsatile apical actomyosin network, and that a change in network polarity correlates with behavioural change. Exploring the properties of the contractile network, we find that cell contractility, as determined by myosin activity, has an impact on the behaviour of the network, as well as on cytoskeletal architecture and cell behaviour. Pulsed contractions occur only in cells with intermediate levels of contractility. Furthermore, increasing levels of the small Rho GTPase Rho1 disrupts pulsing, leading to cells that cycle between two states, characterised by a junctional cortical and an apicomedial actin network. Our results highlight that behavioural change relies on tightly controlled cellular contractility. Moreover, we show that constriction can occur without pulsing, raising questions why constricting cells pulse in some contexts but not in others.
An examination of the effects of a patient-designed-and-informed participant information sheet in comparison with a standard, researcher-designed information sheet on recruitment, retention and understanding: Protocol for a study-within-a-trial
Authors: Dwyer Christopher P. , Joyce Robert A. , Bane Eimear M. , Moses Anusha , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Hynes Sinéad M. 
Published: March 2020

Background: This protocol describes a double-blind, randomised non-inferiority study-within-a-trial (SWAT), comparing the effects of a patient-designed-and-informed participant information sheet with a standard, researcher-designed participant information sheet on recruitment, retention, decision certainty, participant information sheet understanding and likeability. The SWAT is part of a larger trial that aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a cognitive occupation-based programme for people with MS (COB-MS) on cognitive and daily functioning for people with multiple sclerosis. Methods: During the study, 120 people with multiple sclerosis will be randomly allocated to one of the two groups, where they will either receive a standard participant information sheet or a patient-designed participant information sheet. Recruitment and retention will be analysed, as well as decision certainty, likability and understanding. Discussion: Results will provide recommendations for recruitment, consent and retention for future trials, as well as shed some light on the factors influencing the understanding and likeability of a trial’s participant information sheet. Recommendations will also be made regarding patient and public involvement in developing and/or aiding the development of participant information sheets. Registration: SWAT: Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository Store (SWAT105). COB-MS trial: ISRCTN11462710.
Vegetative, endocrine and metabolic accompaniments of individual immune responses to adaptogenic balneotherapy
Authors: Mel’nyk Oksana , Struk Zoryana , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: March 2020

Background. Earlier in clinical observations four variants of the immune responses to adaptogenic balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ spa have been identified. In 40,9% of patients, initially normal immune status did not change significantly; in 31,8%, the lower boundary level of immunity is completely normalized; in 22,7% moderate immunosuppression is reduced, but not up to normal; however, in 4,5% of people, initially normal level of immunity are transformed into moderate immunosuppression. All four variants of immune responses are virtually unmistakably predicted by a set of 20 predictors. The purpose of this study is to analyze vegetative, endocrine and metabolic accompaniments of individual immune responses to balneofactors of Truskavets’ spa. Material and methods. The object of observation were 34 men and 10 women aged 24-70 years old, who came to the Truskavets’ spa for the treatment of chronic pyelonephritis combined with cholecystitis in remission. The survey was conducted twice, before and after balneotherapy (drinking bioactive water Naftussya three times a day, ozokerite applications, mineral baths every other day for 7-10 days). Immune status evaluated on a set of I and II levels recommended by the WHO. The state of the autonomic nervous system is estimated by HRV ("CardioLab+HRV"). To assess endocrine status we determined plasma levels of principal adaptation Hormones: Cortisol, Testosterone and Triiodothyronine (ELISA). We determined also the plasma and daily urine levels of the electrolytes: calcium, phosphates, sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride as well as nitrous metabolites creatinine, urea and uric acid. According to the parameters of electrolyte exchange, parathyroid, calcitonin and mineralocorticoid hormonal activities was evaluated. We estimated also plasma lipide spectrum. Results. 13 immunosuppressive and 6 immune-enhancing neuro-endocrine and metabolic parameters identified. Discriminant analysis conducted to identify parameters, in which the four immune response clusters differ significantly from each other. 25 parameters are characteristic, 12 of them related to the HRV, 5 to endocrine, 5 to electrolytes and 3 to nitrous metabolites exchange. Conclusion. Individual immune responses to adaptogenic balneofactors are accompanied by characteristic changes in the parameters of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems, as well as the exchange of electrolytes, nitrogen metabolites and lipids.