bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of the low-frequency radio AGN population to z ≃ 1.5 in the ELAIS N1 field
Authors: Ocran E F , Taylor A R , Vaccari M , Ishwara-Chandra C H , Prandoni I , Prescott M , Mancuso C 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the cosmic evolution of radio sources out to z ≃ 1.5 using a GMRT 610 MHz survey covering ∼1.86 deg2 of the ELAIS N1 field with a minimum/median rms noise 7.1/19.5 μJy beam−1 and an angular resolution of 6 arcsec. We classify sources as star forming galaxies (SFGs), radio-quiet (RQ) and radio-loud (RL) Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) using a combination of multiwavelength diagnostics and find evidence in support of the radio emission in SFGs and RQ AGN arising from star formation, rather than AGN-related processes. At high luminosities, however, both SFGs and RQ AGN display a radio excess when comparing radio and infrared star formation rates. The vast majority of our sample lie along the $\rm {SFR - \mathit{ M}_{\star }}$ ‘main sequence’ at all redshifts when using infrared star formation rates. We derive the 610 MHz radio luminosity function for the total AGN population, constraining its evolution via continuous models of pure density and pure luminosity evolution with $\rm {\Phi ^{\star }\, \propto \, (\, 1+\, \mathit{ z})^{(2.25\pm 0.38)-(0.63\pm 0.35)z}}$ and $\rm {\mathit{ L}_{610\, MHz}\, \propto \, (\, 1+\, \mathit{ z})^{(3.45\pm 0.53)-(0.55\pm 0.29)\mathit{ z}}}$, respectively. For our RQ and RL AGN, we find a fairly mild evolution with redshift best fitted by pure luminosity evolution with $\rm {\mathit{ L}_{610\, MHz}\, \propto \, (\, 1+\, \mathit{ z})^{(2.81\pm 0.43)-(0.57\pm 0.30)\mathit{ z}}}$ for RQ AGN and $\rm {\mathit{ L}_{610\, MHz}\, \propto \, (\, 1+\, \mathit{ z})^{(3.58\pm 0.54)-(0.56\pm 0.29)\mathit{ z}}}$ for RL AGN. The 610 MHz radio AGN population thus comprises two differently evolving populations whose radio emission is mostly SF-driven or AGN-driven, respectively.
CE: Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Review of Current Diagnostic Criteria and Management
Authors: Cook Linda Kay , Wulf Janet Armstead 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:
Among the most common causes of U.S. adult hospitalizations, pneumonia accounted for nearly 50,000 deaths in the United States in 2017. This article provides nurses with a thorough update on pneumonia risk factors, signs and symptoms, and diagnostic criteria, as well as inpatient treatment recommendations and recommendations for discharge and prevention, including the nurse's role in patient and family teaching. The article also details key similarities and differences between the new 2019 guideline jointly developed by the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America on diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia and their earlier 2007 guideline. One crucial difference is the growing recognition that the etiology of pneumonia is changing, necessitating the abandonment of prior categorizations of pneumonia type when determining antibiotic coverage in favor of reliance on local epidemiology and validated risk factors for antimicrobial resistance.
Examination of nursing home financial distress via Porter’s five competitive forces framework
Authors: Lord Justin , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Blackburn Justin , Carroll Nathaniel 
Published: November 2020

Background
Nursing homes face increased risk of closure because of poor financial performance.

Purpose
Using resource dependency theory, Porter’s Five Forces of Competition framework, and Altman’s Z-score model, this study examines the relationship between market factors and nursing home financial distress.

Methodology/Approach
This study utilizes Medicare Cost Reports, LTCFocus, Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reporting, Online Survey Certification and Reporting, and the Area Health Resource File to examine an average of 10,454 nursing homes per year from 2000 to 2015. Using Porter’s framework, market factors were conceptualized as the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, threat of substitutes and new entrants, and industry rivalry. Organizational control variables include occupancy, payer mix, size, and chain affiliation. Data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression with robust clustering, year, and state fixed effects.

Results
Distressed nursing homes (Relative Risk Ratios [RRR] = 0.991) were less likely to be in counties with higher Medicaid concentration. Distressed (RRR = 0.717) and at-risk-of-distress nursing homes (RRR = 0.807) were less likely to be in markets with home health agencies, and nursing homes at risk of distress (RRR = 1.005) were more likely to be in markets with a higher number of hospital-based skilled nursing facility beds compared to healthy organizations. The organizational-level variables, occupancy, payer mix, size, and chain affiliation had a significant impact on nursing home financial distress.

Conclusions
The effects of external market forces on nursing home financial distress were limited; however, organizational-level variables had a significant impact on nursing home financial distress.

Practical Implications
Study findings can inform policy makers on specific factors associated with nursing home financial distress and provide greater insight as it relates to designing new policies and interventions.
Benzylpenicillin Serum Concentrations in Neonates With Group B Streptococci Sepsis or Meningitis
Authors: Jansen Sophie J. , Lopriore Enrico , Bredius Robbert G. M. , van der Beek Martha T. , Moes Dirk J. A. R. , Bekker Vincent 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Adequate dosage recommendations are imperative for successful treatment of invasive infections. We evaluated the occurrence of sub- and supratherapeutic serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of benzylpenicillin (BPEN) in neonates treated for a severe group B streptococci (GBS) sepsis and/or meningitis as well as discrepancies in dosing recommendations provided by pediatric reference sources.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of (pre)term infants treated with BPEN undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) between May 2015 and May 2019. Outcomes included numbers of sub- and supratherapeutic concentrations, and dose adjustments, clinical evolution, and dosing recommendations from six pediatric reference sources.

Results:
A total of 21 TDM samples from 8 neonates were evaluated. Among serum concentrations, 9/21 (43%) were below and 8/21 (38%) above the pre-specified therapeutic target range of 10–20 mg/L. Only 1 patient had BPEN determined in CSF whose concentration was below the lower limit of quantification. TDM identified a need for dose modification in 10/21 (48%) instances. Three of eight patients exhibited complete resolution of clinical, laboratory and radiologic signs of infection. Substantial variation in dosing recommendations (50,000–400,000 IE/kg/d) was present between reference sources.

Conclusions:
Our data reveal that under current dosage recommendations, the predefined target serum or CSF concentrations of BPEN are not achieved in all children. In case of clinical failure, serum and/or CSF BPEN concentrations should be determined. Given the wide variation in concentrations and subsequent dose requirements, further exploration of the clinical and pharmacologic characteristics of BPEN in (pre)term neonates is essential to optimize therapeutic efficacy.
Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens with central-port design in 45- to 55-year-old patients: 1-year follow-up
Authors: Alfonso José F. , Lisa Carlos , Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Besteiro Juan , Alfonso-Bartolozzi Belén 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To assess the efficacy, safety, and predictability of the Visian implantable collamer lens with a central port in patients aged between 45 and 55 years.

Setting:
Fernández-Vega Ophthalmological Institute, Oviedo, Spain.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, intraocular pressure (IOP), endothelial cell density (ECD), vault, and adverse events over a 1-year period were evaluated retrospectively.

Results:
A total of 87 eyes (49 patients) were evaluated. The mean postoperative UDVA and CDVA were 0.82 ± 0.24 and 0.93 ± 0.12, respectively. Seventy-eight eyes (approximately 90%) achieved a CDVA of 20/25 or greater. No eye lost 1 or more lines, 53 eyes (60.92%) did not change, 15 eyes (17.24%) gained 1 line, and 19 eyes (21.84%) gained 2 lines or more of CDVA. The efficacy and safety indexes were 0.95 and 1.08, respectively. Seventy-eight eyes (89.65%) were within ±0.50 diopter (D) of the desired sphere refraction, and all eyes (100%) were within ±1.00 D. Fifty eyes (57.7%) showed a spherical equivalent within ±0.13 D. The mean postoperative IOP was 13.58 ± 1.79 mm Hg, and no significant rise (>18 mm Hg) occurred during the follow-up. The largest proportion of eyes (35.63%) reported a reduction in IOP by 1 to 2 mm Hg. Postoperative mean ECD was 2574 ± 362 cells/mm2 (0.41% loss from the preoperative baseline). The mean postoperative vault was 398 ± 187 μm, being the most prevalent range from 201 to 300 μm (22.89% of eyes). No adverse events were reported during the study.

Conclusions:
The outcomes reported in this study support the use of this lens in older patients.
Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Associated With SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Bustos B Raúl , Jaramillo-Bustamante Juan Camilo , Vasquez-Hoyos Pablo , Cruces Pablo , Díaz Franco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS) is infrequent, but children might present as a life-threatening disease. In a systematic quantitative review, we analyzed 11 studies of PIMS-TS, including 468 children reported before July 1, 2020. We found a myriad of clinical features, but we were able to describe common characteristics: previously healthy school-aged children, persistent fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, lymphopenia, and high inflammatory markers. Clinical syndromes such as myocarditis and Kawasaki disease were present in only one third of cases each one. Pediatric intensive care unit admission was frequent, although length of stay was less than 1 week, and mortality was low. Most patients received immunoglobulin or steroids, although the level of evidence for that treatment is low. The PIMS-ST was recently described, and the detailed quantitative pooled data will increase clinicians’ awareness, improve diagnosis, and promptly start treatment. This analysis also highlights the necessity of future collaborative studies, given the heterogeneous nature of the PIMS-TS.
18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT Findings in Osteitis Condensans Ilii
Authors: Usmani Sharjeel , Ahmed Najeeb , al Kandari Fareeda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Osteitis condensans ilii (OCI) is a benign cause of low back pain for which no clear etiology has been identified. We report cases of 2 women with breast cancer referred for 18F-NaF PET/CT for skeletal staging. Both cases show characteristic findings of OCI on CT images, with 18F-NaF PET uptake in symptomatic patient and no uptake in asymptomatic. 18F-NaF PET CT can be useful in evaluating back pain and may be used as an adjunctive biological maker for assessing OCI as a potential cause of pain.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Initial Diagnosis and Treatment Response Evaluation of Anti-NMDAr and Anti-GAD Dual Antibody Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Seniaray Nikhil , Verma Ritu , Ranjan Rajeev , Belho Ethel , Mahajan Harsh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report a case of 34-year-old woman presenting with complaints of abnormal posturing of hand and tonic-clonic seizures of few days’ duration, which soon progressed to psychotic episodes and injuries secondary to fall/abnormal movements. She underwent 18F-FDG PET for a suspicion of encephalitis, which revealed increased FDG uptake in the bilateral parietotemporal lobes (right more than left), anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellum. This atypical pattern did not conform to any known pattern of encephalitis, which was later attributed to the presence of both anti-NMDAr and anti-GAD antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Testicular Myeloid Sarcoma in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Wu Junhao , Jiang Guohao , Wu Ji , Ou Lei , Zhang Chunyin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 5-year-old boy presented with right testicular swelling for 1 week. Ultrasonography revealed a right testicular hypoechoic mass with increased blood flow. A malignant tumor was suspected, and further investigation with 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a soft tissue mass with increased FDG uptake in the right testis. Biopsy of the mass confirmed a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma.
Dental Topics for Plastic Surgeons, Part Three: Infection and Trauma of the Dentition
Authors: Zajac Jocelyn C. , Manrique Monica , Fleury Christopher M. , Marrazzo Jason , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Talbet Joseph H. , Brennan Ashleigh M. , Aivaz Marudeen , Oh Albert K. , Tate Anupama R. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Conditions that affect dental and periodontal structures receive sparse coverage in the plastic surgery literature, yet a working knowledge of this subject matter is important in certain areas of clinical practice and a fundamental understanding is part of plastic surgery competency tested on the in-service and written board examinations. This 4-part series written to provide plastic surgeons with a working knowledge of dental topics that may be relevant to their clinical practice. This section, Part III, covers inflammatory and infectious conditions of the dentition and related structures, as well as dentoalveolar trauma.
MicroRNA-24-3p promotes skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration by regulating HMGA1
Authors: Dey Paromita , Soyer Miles A. , Dey Bijan K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have established the critical roles of microRNAs in regulating post-transcriptional gene expression in diverse biological processes. Here, we report on the role and mechanism of miR-24-3p in skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration. miR-24-3p promotes myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration by directly targeting high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) and regulating it and its direct downstream target, the inhibitor of differentiation 3 (ID3). miR-24-3p knockdown in neonatal mice increases PAX7-positive proliferating muscle stem cells (MuSCs) by derepressingHmga1andId3. Similarly, inhibition of miR-24-3p in the tibialis anterior muscle preventsHmga1andId3downregulation and impairs regeneration. These findings provide evidence that the miR-24-3p/HMGA1/ID3 axis is required for MuSC differentiation and skeletal muscle regenerationin vivo.
Long-read isoform sequencing reveals survival-associated splicing in breast cancer
Authors: Veiga Diogo F.T. , Nesta Alex , Zhao Yuqi , Mays Anne Deslattes , Huynh Richie , Rossi Robert , Wu Te-Chia , Palucka Karolina , Anczukow Olga , Beck Christine R. , Banchereau Jacques 
Published: November 2020

SummaryTumors display widespread transcriptome alterations, but the full repertoire of isoform-level alternative splicing in cancer is not known. We developed a long-read RNA sequencing and analytical platform that identifies and annotates full-length isoforms, and infers tumor-specific splicing events. Application of this platform to breast cancer samples vastly expands the known isoform landscape of breast cancer, identifying thousands of previously unannotated isoforms of which ~30% impact protein coding exons and are predicted to alter protein localization and function, including of the breast cancer-associated genesESR1andERBB2. We performed extensive cross-validation with -omics data sets to support transcription and translation of novel isoforms. We identified 3,059 breast tumor-specific splicing events, including 35 that are significantly associated with patient survival. Together, our results demonstrate the complexity, cancer subtype-specificity, and clinical relevance of novel isoforms in breast cancer that are only annotatable by LR-seq, and provide a rich resource of immuno-oncology therapeutic targets.
A scale-free, fully connected global transition network underlies known microbiome diversity
Authors: Jing Gongchao , Zhang Yufeng , Liu Lu , Wang Zengbin , Sun Zheng , Knight Rob , Su Xiaoquan , Xu Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrobiomes are inherently linked by their structural similarity, yet the global features of such similarity are not clear. Here we propose as solution a search-based microbiome transition network. By traversing a composition-similarity based network of 177,022 microbiomes, we show that although the compositions are distinct by habitat, each microbiome is on-average only seven neighbors from any other microbiome on Earth, indicating the inherent homology of microbiome at the global scale. This network is scale-free, suggesting a high degree of stability and robustness in microbiome transition. By tracking the minimum spanning tree in this network, a global roadmap of microbiome dispersal was derived that tracks the potential paths of formulating and propagating microbiome diversity. Such search-based global microbiome networks, reconstructed within hours on just one computing node, provide a readily expanded reference for tracing the origin and evolution of existing or new microbiomes.
Identification of enriched hyperthermophilic microbial communities from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney under electrolithoautotrophic culture conditions
Authors: Pillot G. , Ali O. Amin , Davidson S. , Shintu L. , Godfroy A. , Combet-Blanc Y. , Bonin P. , Liebgott P.-P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeep-sea hydrothermal vents are extreme and complex ecosystems based on a trophic chain. We are still unsure of the identities of the first colonizers of these environments and their metabolism, but they are thought to be (hyper)thermophilic autotrophs. Here we investigate whether the electric potential observed across hydrothermal chimneys could serve as an energy source for these first colonizers. Experiments were performed in a two-chamber microbial electrochemical system inoculated with deep-sea hydrothermal chimney samples, with a cathode as sole electron donor, CO2as sole carbon source, and nitrate, sulfate, or oxygen as electron acceptors. After a few days of culture, all three experiments showed growth of electrotrophic biofilms consuming the electrons (directly or indirectly) and producing organic compounds including acetate, glycerol, and pyruvate. Within the biofilms, the only known autotroph species retrieved were members ofArchaeoglobales. Various heterotrophic phyla also grew through trophic interactions, withThermococcalesgrowing in all three experiments as well as other bacterial groups specific to each electron acceptor. This electrotrophic metabolism as energy source driving initial microbial colonization of conductive hydrothermal chimneys is discussed.
The effect of pre-resection obesity on post-resection body composition after 75% small bowel resection in rats
Authors: Patel Neesha S. , Yanala Ujwal R. , Aravind Shruthishree , Reidelberger Roger D. , Thompson Jon S. , Carlson Mark A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with short bowel syndrome, an elevated pre-resection Body Mass Index may be protective of post-resection body composition. We hypothesized that rats with diet-induced obesity would lose less lean body mass after undergoing massive small bowel resection compared to non-obese rats.MethodsRats (CD®IGS; age = 2 mo; N = 80) were randomly assigned to either a high-fat (obese rats) or a low-fat diet (non-obese rats), and fed ad lib for six months. Each diet group then was randomized to either underwent a 75% distal small bowel resection (massive resection) or small bowel transection with re-anastomosis (sham resection). All rats then were fed ad lib with an intermediate-fat diet (25% of total calories) for two months. Body weight and quantitative magnetic resonance-determined body composition were monitored.ResultsPreoperative body weight was 884 ± 95vs. 741 ± 75 g, and preoperative percent body fat was 35.8 ± 3.9vs. 24.9 ± 4.6%; high-fatvs. low fat diet, respectively (p < 0.0001); preoperative diet type had no effect on lean mass. Regarding total body weight, massive resection produced an 18%vs. 5% decrease in high-fat vs. low-fat rats respectively, while sham resection produced a 2% decreasevs. a 7% increase, respectively (p < 0.0001, preoperativevs. necropsy data). Sham resection had no effect on lean mass; after massive resection, both high-fat and low-fat rats lost lean mass, but these changes were not different between the latter two rat groups.ConclusionThe high-fat diet and low-fat diet induced obesity and marginal obesity, respectively. The massive resection produced greater weight loss in high-fat rats compared to low-fat rats. The type of dietary preconditioning had no effect on lean mass loss after massive resection. A protective effect of pre-existing obesity on lean mass after massive intestinal resection was not demonstrated.
Structure of the Human Signal Peptidase Complex Reveals the Determinants for Signal Peptide Cleavage
Authors: Liaci A. Manuel , Steigenberger Barbara , Tamara Sem , de Souza Paulo Cesar Telles , Gröllers-Mulderij Mariska , Ogrissek Patrick , Marrink Siewert J. , Scheltema Richard A. , Förster Friedrich 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe signal peptidase complex (SPC) is an essential membrane complex in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it removes signal peptides (SPs) from a large variety of secretory pre-proteins with exquisite specificity. Although the determinants of this process have been established empirically, the molecular details of SP recognition and removal remain elusive. Here, we show that the human SPC exists in two functional paralogs with distinct proteolytic subunits. We determined the atomic structures of both paralogs using electron cryo-microscopy and structural proteomics. The active site is formed by a catalytic triad and abuts the ER membrane, where a transmembrane window collectively formed by all subunits locally thins the bilayer. This unique architecture generates specificity for thousands of SPs based on the length of their hydrophobic segments.
A FGF2-mediated incoherent feedforward loop induces Erk inhibition and promotes naïve pluripotency
Authors: Gharibi Borzo , Gonçalves Emanuel , Nashun Buhe , Montoya Alex , Mankalow Katherine , Strohbuecker Stephanie , Sheriff Rahuman S M , Cicarrelli Alessandro , Carvalho Joana , Nye Emma , Kramer Holger , Rosewell Ian , Hajkova Petra , Beltrao Pedro , Santos Silvia D. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNaïve pluripotency is a transient state during mammalian development that can be recapitulated indefinitelyin vitroby inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/Erk) signalling and activation of STAT and Wnt pathways. How Erk is inhibitedin vivoto promote naïve pluripotency remains largely unknown. By combining live cell imaging and quantitative proteomics we found that FGF2, a known Erk activator and pro-differentiation cue, induces instead long-term Erk inhibition in both ES cells and mouse embryos. We show that Erk inhibition results from a FGF2-induced incoherent feedforward loop. Importantly, we see that FGF2 induces up-regulation of naïve pluripotency factors, down-regulation of DNA methylation by suppression ofde novoDNA methylases thereby helping maintain naïve pluripotency. We show that FGF2 is expressed maternally and propose that integration of signals from the embryo’s niche may contribute to the generation of embryonic lineages with the right cell proportions. We suggest that feedforward regulation may play a role driving transient, reversible developmental transitions.