bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate support for threatened species recovery efforts: three case studies from the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season
Authors: Mo Matthew , Roache Mike , Reid Tania , Oliver Damon L. , Broome Linda , Fawcett Adam , Howard Katherine , Thomas Piers , Tracey Simon , Andersen Gerry , Lowry Rachel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
A diverse range of corporations, businesses and organisations play an important role in threatened species conservation. During the unprecedented bushfire season in Australia in the 2019–20 summer, corporations, businesses and organisations contributed significant financial and in-kind support for the Saving our Species Program’s threatened species recovery efforts. On the eastern coast, a combination of food shortages and heat stress events resulted in large numbers of Grey-headed Flying-foxes Pteropus poliocephalus requiring rescue and rehabilitation. Prolonged drought and intense bushfires reduced available foraging resources for the Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata and Mountain Pygmy-possum Burramys parvus. Corporations donated produce to feed flying-foxes in care and provide supplementary feeding for wild populations of rock-wallabies and pygmy-possums. Local businesses and organisations also supplied resources, funding and food storage capacity to support these conservation actions. The contributions from corporations, businesses and organisations in these case studies totalled more than $70,000.
Forecasting of New Cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria Using Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average Models
Authors: Adesina Olumide Sunday , Onanaye Samson Adeniyi , Okewole Dorcas , Egere Amanze C. 
Published: September 2020

The emergence of global pandemic known as COVID-19 has impacted significantly on human lives and measures have been taken by government all over the world to minimize the rate of spread of the virus, one of which is by enforcing lockdown. In this study, Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) Models was used to model and forecast what the daily new cases of COVID-19 would have been ten days after the lockdown was eased in Nigeria and compare to the actual new cases for the period when the lockdown was eased. The proposed model ARFIMA model was compared with ARIMA (1, 0, 0), and ARIMA (1, 0, 1) and found to outperform the classical ARIMA models based on AIC and BIC values. The results show that the rate of spread of COVID-19 would have been significantly less if the strict lockdown had continued. ARFIMA model was further used to model what new cases of COVID-19 would be ten days ahead starting from 31st of August 2020. Therefore, this study recommends that government should further enforce measures to reduce the spread of the virus if business must continue as usual.
Solution of Two-Point Linear and Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems with Neumann Boundary Conditions Using a New Modified Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Mulenga Justina , Phiri Patrick Azere 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we present the New Modified Adomian Decomposition Method which is a modification of the Modified Adomian Decomposition Method. The new method incorporates the inverse linear operator theorem into the modified Adomian decomposition method for the calculation of u0. Six linear and nonlinear boundary value problems with Neumann conditions are solved in order to test the method. The results show that the method is effective.
Lofexidine for acute opioid withdrawal: A clinical case series
Authors: Renfro Mandy L. , Loera Lindsey J. , Tirado Carlos F. , Hill Lucas G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Maintaining abstinence through the opioid withdrawal period is a substantial barrier to treatment for patients with opioid use disorder. The alpha-2 agonist lofexidine has demonstrated efficacy and safety in clinical trials, but pragmatic studies describing its use in clinical practice are lacking. This case series describes the use of lofexidine for opioid withdrawal symptoms in an inpatient addiction treatment facility.

Methods
Seventeen patients receiving at least 1 dose of lofexidine during inpatient treatment for opioid withdrawal were included in this study. A retrospective chart review was conducted for clinical, subjective, and objective data. Adverse events, total daily dose, clinical opioid withdrawal scale (COWS) scores, vital signs, and reasons for early discontinuation of lofexidine are reported.

Results
Patients treated with lofexidine experienced mild withdrawal symptoms throughout treatment. Most patients (65%) experienced a decrease in their average daily COWS scores from intake to discharge. Two patients (12%) left treatment against medical advice, and 5 patients (29%) discontinued treatment prior to day 7 due to resolution of symptoms. Average daily blood pressure readings remained stable, and daily average heart rate decreased over time.

Discussion
Lofexidine can be successfully incorporated into a conventional withdrawal management protocol. The cost of lofexidine and its recent introduction to the market remain barriers to accessibility in the United States. Studies evaluating patient-reported outcomes as well as direct comparisons with other alpha-2 agonists are needed to inform optimal clinical use of lofexidine.
Objective and subjective benefits of a psychiatric pharmacist–led long-acting injectable medication training at a large, multisite organization
Authors: Greer Daniel , Pasquale Jerome , Wahrenberger Jack Todd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Many psychiatric, long-acting injectable (LAI) medications are available, and each product comes with its own unique challenges. Improper administration can lead to pain, decreased efficacy, and loss of trust in the patient-provider relationship. This study was conducted to determine if a pharmacist-led, 1-hour training was successful in increasing psychiatric LAI medication knowledge through a pretest and posttest. The study also assessed staff satisfaction, confidence, and relevance to practice through a feedback questionnaire.

Methods
Four 1-hour live trainings took place in November 2019. Thirty-five nurses and 8 medical assistants attended 1 of the trainings. A pretest and posttest was administered to determine the training's efficacy, and then a final assessment was administered 4 to 6 weeks after the training. Additionally, a participant feedback questionnaire was given to determine the perceived benefits of the training.

Results
The primary outcome was to compare pretest and posttest scores. The pretest average score was 67%, the posttest average score was 97%, and the average score 4 to 6 weeks after the training was 97%. The secondary outcome was to review feedback questionnaires to determine the perceived benefit and effectiveness of the training. Ninety-five percent of participants selected that they were very satisfied with the training, 88% selected they would definitely use the information presented in their work, and 93% selected that they had a lot of confidence in the topic after the training.

Discussion
A psychiatric LAI medication training administered to nursing staff and medical assistants improved knowledge scores and was perceived as being useful.
Whole-body edema with olanzapine: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cook Elizabeth A. , Shipman Denver , Fowler Tyler Gipson 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) that has been shown to promote disease remission in persons with treatment-resistant depression when used in combination with fluoxetine. However, tolerability of treatment augmentation with SGAs may be limited because of common adverse effects, such as weight gain, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated glucose. Data exist pertaining to rare localized edematous reactions or angioedema with use of SGAs, but diffuse whole-body edema has yet to be documented. A 47-year-old white female with treatment-resistant depression presented with a 5-day history of weight gain and swelling of her torso and extremities. Five days prior, she had initiated olanzapine/fluoxetine 6/50 mg daily following failure of fluoxetine 40 mg daily monotherapy. The patient was noted to have gained 3.6 kg since her last appointment and exhibited profuse pitting edema on her forearms, lower limbs, hands, and chest. Olanzapine/fluoxetine was discontinued and the patient was prescribed a 3-day course of a loop diuretic for symptomatic management. A follow-up visit 5 days later noted complete resolution of symptoms. Because of the temporal relationship of symptoms with initiation of olanzapine, we recommend monitoring for edema with initiation and/or titration of therapy.
Clinical Practice Guidelines and Managing Financial Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Lexchin Joel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are becoming essential for doctors to be able to deliver evidence‐based healthcare to their patients but the organisations and committees that sponsor and write the CPGs often have financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) with pharmaceutical companies whose products are recommended in the CPG. The existence of FCOI is a concern as it may compromise the quality of the CPG. Since the main concern is whether the quality of CPGs is biased by FCOI, the next section examines the quality of guidelines and the recommendations that they make. If FCOI is a problem, as I argue, then reforms are necessary. Both the Guidelines International Network and the United States Institute of Medicine have proposed ways of dealing with FCOI and their strengths and weaknesses are explored. Finally, I propose additional measures to help CPGs achieve their potential to help clinicians.

Key Concepts

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are becoming increasingly necessary as medical problems become more complex.

Financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) are a potential threat to the integrity of CPGs.

FCOI among members of committees that write CPGs, chairs of committees and organisations that sponsor CPGs is widespread.

There is an association between the presence of FCOI and the quality of recommendations in CPGs.

Both the Guidelines International Network and the United States Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) have proposed ways of dealing with FCOI.

Additional reforms are necessary to ensure that CPGs are free of the bias that FCOI introduces.
Nematoda (Roundworms)
Authors: Poinar George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Nematoda are a group of nonsegmented worm‐like invertebrates that occur worldwide in a wide range of habitats, including fresh and saltwaters, soil, plants and animals. They are one of the most abundant group of invertebrates on the face of the earth and rival the arthropods in biodiversity and species abundance. Their estimated numbers range from 1.5 billion in an upper 20 mm in 1.6 hectares of marine beach sand to 380 million in a square meter of leaf litter. Evidence from fossils and extant forms indicate that they evolved in the sea and came on land by probably moving up brackish estuaries into freshwater habitats. While many of the plant parasites are considered pests and controlled with nematicides, other nematodes are important in controlling agricultural and medically important insect pests, and still, others have been used as experimental model organisms in genetics.Key ConceptsNematodes are the most successful group of the Ecdysoma or pseudocoelomate bilateria.Nematodes are one of the most abundant groups of invertebrates.Some 22 000 nematode species have been described.Estimates for species diversity range from 100 000 to 10 million.Plant‐parasitic nematodes can be important agricultural pests.Many nematodes are parasites of invertebrates, humans and other vertebrates.
Eutheria (Placental Mammals)
Authors: Averianov Alexander O 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Eutheria includes one of three major clades of mammals, the extant members of which are referred to as placentals. With more than 5000 extinct and extant genera, including 1220 extant (living) genera and over 6000 extant species arrayed in 19 extant orders, placentals (extant eutherians) are the most taxonomically diverse of the three branches of extant mammals. Eutherians appear in the fossil record by 125 Ma (million years ago). Extant orders of eutherians (placentals) do not occur in the fossil record until after dinosaur extinction 65–66 Ma. Molecular studies generally agree with these dates for the origin of placental orders but place the origin of Eutheria at approximately 190 Ma and groups related to living orders of mammals by 100 Ma. Placentals vary greatly in size (whales down to shrews), in locomotion (flying, swimming, climbing, burrowing, running), and diet (meat, leaves, fruit, termites). They have a high resting temperature (homiothermy) and produce this heat internally (endothermy). They have a chorioallantoic placenta that allows a long gestation for development.

Key Concepts

Eutherian mammals are the most ecomorphological and taxonomically diverse group of mammals.

The evolutionary success of eutherian mammal is related to their mode of reproduction (euviviparity).

Eutherian mammals originated in the Early Cretaceous but modern placental orders radiated in the Cenozoic, after extinction of dinosaurs.

The four major groups of Placentalia are Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Laurasiatheria and Euarchontoglires.

The Cretaceous stem placentals mostly retained primitive therian dental formula which was further modified in the Cenozoic crown placentals.
Solid‐State Thin‐Film Broadband Short‐Wave Infrared Light Emitters
Authors: Pradhan Santanu , Dalmases Mariona , Konstantatos Gerasimos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolid‐state broadband light emitters in the visible have revolutionized today's lighting technology achieving compact footprints, flexible form factors, long lifetimes, and high energy saving, although their counterparts in the infrared are still in the development phase. To date, broadband emitters in the infrared have relied on phosphor‐downconverted light emitters based on atomic optical transitions in transition metal or rare earth elements in the phosphor layer resulting in limited spectral bandwidths in the near‐infrared and preventing their integration into electrically driven light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Herein, phosphor‐converted LEDs based on engineered stacks of multi‐bandgap colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are reported as a novel class of broadband emitters covering a broad short‐wave infrared (SWIR) spectrum from 1050–1650 nm with a full‐width‐half‐maximum of 400 nm, delivering 14 mW of optical power with a quantum efficiency of 5.4% and power conversion efficiency of 13%. Leveraging the electrical conductivity of the CQD stacks, further, the first broadband SWIR‐active LED is demonstrated, paving the way toward complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor integrated broadband emitters for on‐chip spectrometers and low‐cost volume manufacturing. SWIR spectroscopy is employed to illustrate the practical relevance of the emitters in food and material identification case studies.
High Quantum Yield Water‐Dispersed Near‐Infrared In(Zn)As–In(Zn)P–GaP–ZnS Quantum Dots with Robust Stability for Bioimaging
Authors: Lim Kang Rui Garrick , Darwan Daryl , Wijaya Hadhi , Lim Zhi Chiaw , Shanmugam Janaki , Wang Tian , Lim Li Jun , Ang Wee Han , Tan Zhi‐Kuang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFluorescent dyes with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and photostability are favored in bioimaging as they offer better imaging signals at lower dye loading, circumventing issues of cytotoxicity and biological pathway interference. Quantum dots (QDs) are efficient emitters with narrow spectral line‐widths, but often employ toxic heavy‐metals, and show significantly diminished PLQY and poor stability after phase‐transfer into aqueous media. Here, the preparation of nontoxic, water‐dispersed giant‐shell In(Zn)As–In(Zn)P–GaP–ZnS QDs that emit in the near‐infrared (NIR) at 828 nm is demonstrated. The QDs exhibit a remarkable PLQY of 75% when initially synthesized in a hydrophobic medium, and retains a high PLQY of 60% after ligand‐exchange and phase‐transfer into water. The water‐dispersed QDs show robust photostability with negligible photoluminescence (PL) attenuation after 3 h of laser irradiation, suggesting that the giant shell is effective in reducing nonradiative recombination that may be caused by photoinduced defects. The water‐dispersed QDs also exhibit high aqueous colloidal stability, retaining a high PLQY of 53% without QD agglomeration after 14 months of storage at 4 °C at a high loading concentration of 20 mg mL−1. The QDs are also successfully incorporated into HeLa cells for confocal bioimaging with no practical signs of cytotoxicity.
Prototypic Lightweight Alloy Design for Stellar‐Radiation Environments
Authors: Tunes Matheus A. , Stemper Lukas , Greaves Graeme , Uggowitzer Peter J. , Pogatscher Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe existing literature data shows that conventional aluminium alloys may not be suitable for use in stellar‐radiation environments as their hardening phases are prone to dissolve upon exposure to energetic irradiation, resulting in alloy softening which may reduce the lifetime of such materials impairing future human‐based space missions. The innovative methodology of crossover alloying is herein used to synthesize an aluminium alloy with a radiation resistant hardening phase. This alloy—a crossover of 5xxx and 7xxx series Al‐alloys—is subjected to extreme heavy ion irradiations in situ within a TEM up to a dose of 1 dpa and major experimental observations are made: the Mg32(Zn,Al)49 hardening precipitates (denoted as T‐phase) for this alloy system surprisingly survive the extreme irradiation conditions, no cavities are found to nucleate and displacement damage is observed to develop in the form of black‐spots. This discovery indicates that a high phase fraction of hardening precipitates is a crucial parameter for achieving superior radiation tolerance. Based on such observations, this current work sets new guidelines for the design of metallic alloys for space exploration.
The effects of stoichiometry on the properties of exsolved Ni‐Fe alloy nanoparticles for dry methane reforming
Authors: Shah Soham , Sayono Samuel , Ynzunza Jenna , Pan Ryan , Xu Mingjie , Pan Xiaoqing , Gilliard‐AbdulAziz Kandis Leslie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dry reforming of methane has received notable attention as a chemical process to convert natural gas into value‐added chemicals and fuels. Ni‐based exsolution catalysts using perovskite oxides supports have been used for their attractive sinter‐resistance and coke‐resistance properties. The perovskite oxide in itself has unique defect chemistry that can be used to manipulate and control the properties of the catalyst nanoparticles exsolved on the surface, therefore influencing both the nanoparticle and support characteristics. In this study, the La:Fe ratio of Ni‐doped LaFeO3 was used to manipulate and control the properties of exsolved Ni‐Fe alloy nanoparticles. The Ni‐Fe nanoparticles consisted of different sizes ranging from 10 to 380 nm. Temperature programmed surface reaction studies along with materials characterization with SEM, STEM‐HAADF, XRD, and BET showed that the Ni‐Fe nanoparticles from different solid precursors have the same active sites for methane activation but differ in performance and stability because of size effects, metal‐support strength, composition and support basicity. A mechanism is proposed to decipher the merits of the Ni‐Fe nanoparticles with the best activity, selectivity, and stability in this study.
SLC38A2 Overexpression Induces a Cancer‐like Metabolic Profile and Cooperates with SLC1A5 in Pan‐cancer Prognosis
Authors: Huang Meng‐Sen , Chang Jen‐Hsuan , Lin Wen‐Ching , Cheng Yu‐Hsiang , Li Fu‐An , Suen Ching‐Shu , Hwang Ming‐Jing , Chang Chung‐ke , Mou Kurt Yun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer cells have dramatically increased demands for energy as well as biosynthetic precursors to fuel their restless growth. Enhanced glutaminolysis is a hallmark of cancer metabolism which fulfills these needs. Two glutamine transporters, SLC1A5 and SLC38A2, have been previously reported to promote glutaminolysis in cancer with controversial perspectives. In this study, we harnessed the proximity labeling reaction to map the protein interactome using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and discovered a potential protein‐protein interaction between SLC1A5 and SLC38A2. The SLC1A5/SLC38A2 interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. We further investigated the metabolic influence of SLC1A5 and SLC38A2 overexpression in human cells, respectively, and found that only SLC38A2, but not SLC1A5, resulted in a cancer‐like metabolic profile, where the intracellular concentrations of essential amino acids and lactate were significantly increased as quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, we analyzed the 5‐year survival rates in a large pan‐cancer cohort and found that the SLC1A5hi/SLC38A2lo group did not relate to a poor survival rate, whereas the SLC1A5lo/SLC38A2hi group significantly aggravated the lethality. Intriguingly, the SLC1A5hi/SLC38A2hi group resulted in an even worse prognosis, suggesting a cooperative effect between SLC1A5 and SCL38A2. Our data suggest that SLC38A2 plays a dominant role in reprogramming the cancer‐like metabolism and promoting the cancer progression, whereas SLC1A5 may augment this effect when co‐overexpressed with SLC38A2. We propose a model to explain the relationship between SLC1A5, SLC38A2 and SCL7A5, and discuss their impact on glutaminolysis and mTOR signaling.
Assessing the relationship between neonatal abstinence syndrome and birth defects in Delaware
Authors: Hussaini Khaleel S. , Drummond Dana , E. Bartoshesky Louis , Acheson Amy , Stomieroski Kathleen , A. Paul David , Kirby Russell S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a withdrawal syndrome in newborns and is frequently caused by maternal opioid use during pregnancy. Our study examines whether NAS is associated with birth defects in Delaware.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of linked Delaware birth certificate data (BCD), hospital discharge data (HDD), and birth defects registry (BDR) data to examine the association between NAS and birth defects for all hospital births to Delaware residents from 2010 to 2017. Birth defects data were abstracted from medical records from Delaware's BDR. We used International Classification of Diseases Ninth and Tenth Revision Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM/ICD‐10‐CM) 779.5 and P96.1 codes to determine NAS using HDD and excluded iatrogenic cases of NAS. We estimated crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring 2010–2017, there were 2,784 cases of birth defects and 1,651 cases of NAS in Delaware. Among infants with a diagnosis of NAS, 56 also had a birth defect (3.4%), similar to 2,728 birth defects among 79,636 infants without a diagnosis of NAS (3.4%). We found no statistically significant association between an NAS diagnosis and birth defects (adjusted odds ratios = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8–1.3).ConclusionsOur multiyear state‐wide study using linked BCD, HDD, and BDR data for Delaware did not show a statistically significant association between infants diagnosed with NAS and birth defects, overall.