bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As possíveis consequências da exposição a agrotóxicos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Barbosa Rodrigo Santos , Souza Jaciara Pinheiro de , Almeida David Jesus de , Santos Josevania Batista dos , Paiva Walterney dos Santos , Porto Murilo de Jesus 
Published: November 2020

Os agrotóxicos ou agroquímicos são grupos de substâncias que agem no meio ambiente agrícola, a fim de controlar distintos elementos que prejudiquem o cultivo das plantações. O Brasil é um dos maiores consumidores de agrotóxicos do mundo, o que preocupa os distintos setores de vigilância em saúde. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral identificar e conhecer as consequências fisiopatológicas da exposição humana a resíduos agrotóxicos. Quanto a metodologia trata-se de uma revisão sistemática simples, que foi realizada no mês de agosto do ano de 2020, com um levantamento bibliográfico através de busca eletrônica de artigos indexados no Scientific Eletronic Library – Scielo, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP e Google Acadêmico, a partir de palavras–chaves: agrotóxicos; exposição a agrotóxicos; efeitos dos agrotóxicos nas alterações fisiológicas das células; classificação dos agrotóxicos, sendo encontrados trinta e dois trabalhos para a publicação. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os agrotóxicos são substâncias químicas com características biocidas, as quais são empregadas para o controle de pragas e de distintas doenças; ocasionam inúmeras intoxicações que culminam em distintas alterações no mecanismo fisiológico das células, sendo elas por via digestiva, respiratória, dérmica e/ou por contato ocular, acarretando um conjuntos de sinais e sintomas com características agudas, subagudas ou crônicas. A intoxicação por agrotóxicos pode ser aguda e crônica, sendo que a aguda se manifesta, geralmente, de forma mais leve ou moderada, podendo chegar a casos graves, já a crônica ocasiona efeitos da mutagenicidade, carcinogenicidade e toxicidade reprodutiva humana e em animais.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Castile and Leon Addiction Treatment Network: A Real-Word Experience
Authors: Roncero Carlos , Vicente-Hernández Begoña , Casado-Espada Nerea M. , Aguilar Lourdes , Gamonal-Limcaoco Sinta , Garzón María A. , Martínez-González Fernando , Llanes-Álvarez Carlos , Martínez Ruth , Franco-Martín Manuel , Álvarez-Navares Ana 
Published: November 2020

Background: Patients suffering from addiction are a vulnerable group in the midst of COVID-19, so their healthcare is considered essential. In this paper, the measures and responses of the Drug Addiction Assistance Network of Castile and Leon (DAACYL) in Spain during the first 6 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic are explained. The aim is that this experience could be useful in places where this problem will continue and could help future interventions.Methods: A telephone survey was carried out as the main methodology, to collect information for the subsequent organization and repercussion on professionals and patients. This was carried out by the heads of the 18 DAACYL units. Among the interventions applied, the following stand out: implantation of telemedicine techniques, restriction of daily methadone dispensing, suspension of urine controls and initiation of care programs for the homeless.Results: As a result of these interventions, the professionals observed that patients are less demanding and mostly stable, with a low percentage of relapses. An increase in the consumption of alcohol and benzodiazepines have been reported as more common among people who relapse. Furthermore, the prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the sample is minimal; therefore, different hypotheses should be considered as an explanation (infra-diagnosis, immune system used to aggression, possible anti-inflammatory effect of some psychotropic drugs and a greater perception of danger against infection than the general population).Conclusions: The rapid adaptation and successful implementation of DAACYL have had satisfactory results. On the other hand, the prevention of the possible increase in the development of behavioral addictions and the use of homemade drugs should be considered.
Atrial fibrillation cryoballoon ablation in patients with a common pulmonary vein trunk
Authors: Davtyan K. V. , Topchyan A. H. , Kalemberg A. A. , Simonyan G. Yu. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of pulmonary vein (PV) cryoballoon ablation (CBA) in patients with a common trunk of the pulmonary veins (PVCT).Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 596 primary PV CBA procedures using the second-generation cryoballoon (CB) Arctic Front Advance (28 mm). PV anatomy was visualized using direct LA angiography during high-frequency right ventricular pacing. We included forty-nine patients in whom a PVCT was identified. The one-step and sequential ablation approaches with simultaneous recording of biophysical and electrophysiological parameters were used for PVCT isolation. During CBA in the right PVs, high-output (2000 ms, 25 mA) pacing of the right phrenic nerve was performed via a electrode placed in the superior vena cava, and amplitude of diaphragm movement was monitored. In the case of impairment/loss of the diaphragm contraction ablation was immediately stopped.Results: 91.1% (543) patients had the normal drainage of PV. In 4 patients (0.67%), an additional right pulmonary vein was identified. The prevalence of PVCT was 8.2% (49 pts): a left common trunk (LCT) was observed in 43 patients (87.7%), a right common trunk (RCT) - in 6 patients (12.2%). Acute efficacy of PVCT isolation was 95.9% (47/79): in LCT - 95.3%, in RCT - 100%. The feasibility of the one-step antral isolation was 59.1% (n=29). During a median follow up of 12 (3-20) months, the clinical success rate of the procedure was 69.4%. A comparative analysis showed no significant difference between common trunk ablation approaches and clinical efficacy (p=0.346).Conclusion: CBA has been shown effective and safe for symptomatic AF patients with PVCT. The simultaneous and sequential ablation approaches can be performed with comparable efficacy.
Epicardial voltage mapping in patients with postinfarction ventricular tachycardia: a pilot study
Authors: Simonova K. A. , Mikhaylov E. N. , Tatarskiy R. B. , Kamenev A. V. , Panin D. V. , Orshanskaya V. S. , Lebedeva V. K. , Garkina S. V. , Vander M. A. , Lebedev D. S. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an established treatment of post-myocardial infarction ventricular tachycardia (VT). Endocardial VT ablation can be insufficient for VT termination when the scar is intramural/epicardial.Purpose: to assess the extent of epicardial electrophysiological VT substrate in patients with remote myocardial infarction.Materials and methods. Thirteen patients with sustained postinfarction VT, who signed an informed consent, were included into the study. All patients underwent full clinical evaluation. Electroanatomical voltage bi- and unipolar mapping of endocardial and epicardial surfaces was performed. Maps were evaluated for the presence of low-voltage areas and local abnormal ventricular activity (LAVA). RFA was performed at LAVA sites. The end-point of the procedure was scar LAVA abolition and VT noninducibility (procedure success). VT recurrence was detected using an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and/or ECG monitoring.Results. Epicardial access was successful in 12 patients. Epicardial access was performed at a first procedure in 7 patients, 4 patients had a history of previous endocardial ablation. Epicardial LAVA sites were detected in 9 patients. Endocardial and epicardial arrhythmogenic substrate localization coincided in 8 patients. One patient had only epicardial scar, 1 patient had only septal endocardial scar. In one patient LAVA sites had different localizations on epicardial and endocardial maps. Acute ablation success was noted in 12 patients.Conclusion. In our patient group transmural scar and epicardial electrophysiological arrhythmogenic substrate was detected in 82% of cases. Isolated endocardial ablation may be unsuccessful, in such cases epicardial mapping and ablation might be useful.
Remote monitoring for the early detection of changes in patient status using the Home Monitoring technology
Authors: Revishvili A. Sh. , Lomidze N. N. , Abdrakhmanov A. S. , Nechepurenko A. A. , Ivanitsky E. A. , Belyaev O. V. , Popov S. V. , Lebedev D. S. , Lebedeva V. K. , Mikhailov S. P. , Pokushalov E. A. , Mamchur S. E. , Shugaev P. L. , Rekvava R. R. , Vasilyev S. N. , Kuptsov V. V. , Berdyshev V. I. , Sungatov R. Sh. , Khassanov I. Sh. 
Published: November 2020

Aims:To perform the analysis of adverse events (AE) rate and trends of physiologically meaningful parameters in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) with the mobile remote monitoring option.Methods:In 9 clinical centers of the Russian Federation and 2 clinical centers of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 126 patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or a pacemaker (PM) equipped with the Home Monitoring (HM) technology (BIOTRONIK, Berlin, Germany) were enrolled. Based on the daily data transmission, all alarm alerts, all HM options changes and all AE were recorded with dated alert content and undertaken measures.Results:The study patients, followed up at least for one year, experienced 42 adverse events (AE), of which 26 were serious AE (SAE) and 3 SAE were defined as device-related (SAED). ICD patients (N=90) with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) had a statistically significantly higher SAE prevalence (p=0.0249). Patients with CRT-D had a lower SAE rate than patients with dual- or single-chamber ICD (р=0.046). Downloads of Home Monitoring parameters for retrospective mathematical analysis were available for 60 ICD patients, of which 47 had episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF) and/or atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT). Machine learning analysis of the trends of the physiologically meaningful parameters revealed correlations between changes and arrhythmia episodes, with the random forest and gradient boosting methods demonstrating the random effect of the results.Conclusion:Home Monitoring of CIED patients enables the evaluation of different devices applications and their clinical advantages. This might implement the prevention of adverse events and iatrogenic effects of pacing. Based on daily transmission of physiologically meaningful Home Monitoring parameters, the study results demonstrate the feasibility of developing a prediction algorithm for adverse events.
Educação profissional no Brasil: novos rumos
Authors: Berger Filho Rui Leite 
Published: November 2020

As mudanças profundas pelas quais vem passando o mundo, nesta segunda metade do século, produziram transformações na prática social e no trabalho. A educação, que por muito tempo as desconheceu, não pôde mais ficar alheia a elas. Por isso verificamos em todo o planeta uma grande inquietação nos meios ligados ao setor educacional, provocando reformas que buscam sua adequação às novas exigências.
A educação dita secundária ou secundária superior, a que corresponde o ensino médio no Brasil, é a grande questão com que se debatem atualmente os sistemas educacionais. Como conciliar os objetivos de preparação para o prosseguimento de estudos, de preparação para o trabalho e de desenvolvimento pessoal nos cânones contemporâneos? Que vínculos estão sendo estabelecidos entre a educação geral e a educação profissional? Os grandes desafios que esses sistemas enfrentam assumem na realidade brasileira características específicas de um país que está passando por grandes transformações. Os sistemas educacionais estão obsoletos quer na sua concepção, quer nas possibilidades de trajetos que oferecem ou ainda no estágio tecnológico em que se encontram, embora que haja exceções. A estrutura educacional e o modelo de oferta têm que ser construídos de forma bastante flexível para atender a diferentes situações no tempo e no espaço, considerando tanto as rápidas mudanças tecnológicas e as necessidades da vida cidadã como as tendências regionais e do mercado internacional.
Floating zone silicon wafer bonded to Czochralski silicon substrate by surface-activated bonding at room temperature for infrared complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensors
Authors: Koga Yoshihiro , Kurita Kazunari 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We propose to use a bonding wafer as an alternative epitaxial wafer with an extra thick epitaxial layer of more than 100 μm thickness to fabricate vertical time-of-flight (TOF) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) imaging sensors that can detect infrared (IR) radiation of wavelength greater than 1120 nm. This bonding wafer comprises a floating zone (FZ)-grown silicon wafer bonded to a Czochralski (CZ)-grown silicon substrate by room-temperature surface-activated bonding. Because the device-fabricating region is formed by bonding the FZ-grown wafer to the CZ-grown silicon substrate at room temperature, the oxygen concentration in this region is decreased to less than that in an epitaxial wafer. In addition, our bonded wafer can have a strong gettering capability for oxygen and transition metals (nickel, copper, and iron) in the bonding interface. Furthermore, the bonded wafer can inhibit out-diffusion of oxygen or transition metal to the device-fabricating region from the CZ-grown silicon substrate, and the device-fabricating region can have fewer impurities after fabricating the devices in the bonded wafer. Therefore, we consider that this bonded wafer can be fabricated by the simple processes of bonding and grinding (polishing) at room temperature without thermal stress, and this method is effective for decreasing the dark currents and white-spot defects generated owing to the presence of oxygen or transition metal, which are undesirable in advanced TOF-CMOS imaging sensors of a vertical structure.
Impact of External Governance Mechanism on the Performance of Listed Banks of Pakistan with the Moderating Role of Government Ownership
Authors: Ali Shoaib , Naveed Hafiz Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

This research aims to examine the external governance process boosts the performance of Pakistan's listed commercial banks by estimating the return on equity (ROE) and earnings per share (EPS). The research involved external governance mechanism with the moderating role of government ownership. The study's sample structure consists of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) listed banks with the existence of government ownership from 2014 to 2018. Data is obtained as well from financial statements, shareholding trends, and the Credit Rating Agency of Pakistan (PACRA). To meet the specific aim of the research and to satisfy the goals of the analysis, the panel data methodology (fixed effect and random effect model) has been applied. The findings have shown that the external governance system plays an important role in the banking sector's accountability and performance. Government ownership may also improve banking institution efficiency by improving external governance mechanisms. This study will allow commercial banks to overcome the challenges and boost efficiency with the external governance mechanism and devise better working strategies. This study makes it easier for the bankers' rulers to run the external governance system to strengthen bank efficiency. This work is unique because no one defined an external governance system with government ownership as a moderating role.
Comparison of Capillary and Venous Glucose in Diabetic Patient in a Peripheral Hospital
Authors: Rajbhandari Bibek , Shrestha Tirtha Man , Aacharya Ramesh 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: This study was done to determine the mean difference and correlation between fasting capillary and venous glucose estimation.
Methods: This was cross-sectional analytic study done in United Mission Hospital, Palpa, Tansen. Calculated sample size was 92, convenience sampling technique was used. During 5 month of duration in 92 diabetic patients, where fasting capillary and venous glucose were performed consecutively. Confounding was ruled out with matching approach, adjustment tests were also used like X2 Mantel -Haenszel and logistic regression. Reporting guideline of this observational study was done with the help of SROBE guidelines.
Results: The mean venous blood glucose was 9.52% higher than the Mean capillary glucose. A strong correlation was observed between venous and capillary blood glucose, with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94.
Conclusions: There is a significant difference in the blood glucose results analyzed on a bedside glucometer when the samples are taken from capillary or venous sources. Although good correlation is between venous and capillary derived samples, caution must be exercised in accepting the results as equivalent or using either as substitutes for a laboratory blood glucose result.
Crystal structure determination of kosnarite, KZr2(PO4)3, from the Mario Pinto Mine, Jenipapo district, Itinga, Brazil
Authors: Piilonen Paula C. , Friis Henrik , Rowe Ralph , Poirier Glenn 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The crystal structure of a natural kosnarite, KZr2(PO4)3 from the Mario Pinto Mine, Jenipapo district, Brazil, has been determined for the first time. Kosnarite and its related synthetic compounds (NZP) are open-framework orthophosphates of the type ([6]M′[8]M′′)L2(TO4)3 (where M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; L = Ti, Zr, Hf; and T = P, Si). These compounds have been proposed as potential radioactive waste hosts as a result of their physiochemical properties and because their crystal structure allows for extreme isomorphism and incorporation of all 42 radioactive nuclides present in nuclear waste. Kosnarite from the Mario Pinto mine is hexagonal, Rc, with a = 8.7205(1), c = 23.9436(3) Å, and V = 1576.89(4) Å3. The average chemical formula (n = 75) is (K0.96Na0.02)Σ0.98(Zr1.93Hf0.08)Σ1.01(P2.99Si0.01)Σ3.00O12. The structure contains one six-coordinated Zr site (L), one four-coordinated P site (T), and a six-coordinated K site (M′); in kosnarite, the M″ site is vacant. The average bond lengths in the ZrO6 octahedra (2.0646 Å) and PO4 tetrahedra (1.5278 Å) are slightly larger than those observed in the synthetic analogue (&lt;Zr–O&gt; = 2.063 Å, &lt;P–O&gt; = 1.522 Å). The ZrO6 octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra share corners to form ribbons of [Zr2(PO4)3]– units parallel to the c axis, which are further joined by PO4 tetrahedra perpendicular to c to form a 3D network. Kosnarite is one of only five natural alkali zircono-orthophosphates, all of which are late-stage hydrothermal minerals. Although synthetic Na-dominant endmember analogues of kosnarite exist, the distortions in the structure with respect to the M and L octahedra, along with experimental evidence at hydrothermal temperatures, suggest that only K (or Li) endmembers are possible in nature.
Infekcijos ir antibiotikų reikšmė susirgimui astma bei astmos gydymui
Authors: Bubnaitienė Vilija 
Published: November 2020

Astmos ir kitų atopinių ligų paplitimas per pastaruosius 3 dešimtmečius grėsmingai padidėjo visame pasaulyje. Kita pasaulinė visuomenės sveikatos problema – vis dažnesnis nereikalingas antibiotikų skyrimas, ypač vaikams, virusinėms ar nereikšmingoms bakterinėms ligoms gydyti. Vis daugėja tyrimais pagrįstų įrodymų, kad sergamumas astma ir kitomis atopinėmis ligomis didėja dėl per dažno antibiotikų vartojimo ir mažėjančio mikrobinių antigenų stimuliuojamojo poveikio bręstančiai imuninei sistemai, reikalingo, kad susiformuotų neatopinis Th1 tipo atsakas, ypač pirmaisiais gyvenimo metais. Kvėpavimo takų infekcija, ypač bakterinė, pirmaisiais gyvenimo metais padedanti subrandinti vaiko imuninę sistemą ir apsisaugoti nuo astmos, vėliau gali tapti susirgimo astma priežastimi arba sukelti astmos paūmėjimą jau šia liga sergančiam pacientui. Tokiais atvejais būtinas tinkamas antibakterinis gydymas. Vis dėlto antibiotikais astma sergančių pacientų nederėtų gydyti rutiniškai. Antibakterinis gydymas skirtinas tik tiems astma sergantiems pacientams, kuriems pasireiškia klinikinių, biologinių ir/ar radiologinių bakterinės infekcijos požymių.
Determinasi Rotasi KAP, Tenur Auditor Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Amasti Novia , Surbakti Lidya Primta , Warman Edi 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of KAP rotation, auditor tenure and audit quality on earnings management. This study also uses leverage, profitability and firm size as control variables. In this study to measure earnings management variables using the Modified Jones Model. the population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016-2018. The number of samples processed was 366 samples. The analytical method used is panel data linear regression analysis with Stata version 13. The results of this test show that KAP rotation and audit quality has no effect on earnings management while auditor tenure has effect on earnings management.
Keywords : KAP rotation, auditor tenure, audit quality, and earnings management.
The Drivers of Organizational Commitment in Malaysian SME’s: Do Intellectual Stimulation, Inspirational Motivation and Individualize Consideration Play a Role?
Authors: Manshor Ruzita , Mohd Salleh Ahmad Munir , Shaladdin Muda Mohd , Abdul Razak Fahmi Zaidi , Abu Bakar Kamaazura 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Leadership are important issue to be address for an organizational to success. Many studies shows that good leadership can increase employees’ commitment to the organization. This study examines the linkages between intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and individualize consideration on organizational commitment. Using an established questionnaire captured from the leadership literature, data was collected from 452 employees of SME firms in Malaysia. Data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that both intellectual stimulation and individualize consideration were significant and positively related to organizational commitment (β = 0.28, p < 0.01) and (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) respectively. In sum, the research model was able to explain a total of 48% variance.
Tidal Disruptions of Main-sequence Stars. IV. Relativistic Effects and Dependence on Black Hole Mass
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi , Noble Scott C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using a suite of fully relativistic hydrodynamic simulations applied to main-sequence stars with realistic internal density profiles, we examine full and partial tidal disruptions across a wide range of black hole mass (

) and stellar mass (

) as larger M
BH leads to stronger relativistic effects. For fixed M
⋆, as M
BH increases, the ratio of the maximum pericenter distance yielding full disruptions (

) to its Newtonian prediction rises rapidly, becoming triple the Newtonian value for

, while the ratio of the energy width of the stellar debris for full disruptions to the Newtonian prediction decreases steeply, resulting in a factor of 2 correction at

. We provide approximate formulae that express the relativistic corrections of both

and the energy width relative to their Newtonian approximate estimates. For partial disruptions, we find that the fractional remnant mass for a given ratio of the pericenter to

is higher for larger M
BH. These results have several implications. As M
BH increases above

, the cross section for complete disruptions is suppressed by competition with direct capture. However, the cross-section ratio for partial to complete disruptions depends only weakly on M
BH. The relativistic correction to the debris energy width delays the time of peak mass-return rate and diminishes the magnitude of the peak return rate. For

, the M
BH-dependence of the full disruption cross section and the peak mass-return rate and time is influenced more by relativistic effects than by Newtonian dynamics.