bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avulsion of the femoral attachment of the medial collateral ligament in the setting of knee multiligament injury
Authors: Guo Deming , Yu Haichi , Huang Bingzhe , Gao Xue , Qin Yanguo , Liu Xiaoning 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is a common sports injury. The damage mainly occurs in ligament fibers, but MCL avulsion fracture is extremely rare and only a few reports have been published.

Patient concerns:
Herein, we present a healthy 21-year-old man with an avulsion fracture of the MCL of the right knee sustained during snowboarding.

Diagnosis:
Clinical and radiographic findings confirmed the presence of an avulsion fracture at the proximal attachment of the MCL, combined with complete anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture.

Interventions:
The patient underwent single-stage ACL, PCL reconstruction, and MCL repair.

Outcomes:
Two weeks after the surgery, the patient developed heterotopic ossification (HO) at the medial side of the knee, HO tended to be stable and mature at the 3-month follow-up examination. One year after the operation, the patient's knee was fully functional, stable, and pain free.

Lessons:
Femoral attachment avulsion fracture of the MCL is in contrast to common isolated MCL injuries. Early surgical repair is advocated for the greatest benefit. Orthopedic surgeons should keep the potential complication HO in mind and develop rational strategies for HO prevention and treatment.
Outcomes of adhesion barriers in gynecologic surgeries
Authors: Huang Ci , Ding Dah-Ching 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During second-look surgery or hospitalization, intra-abdominal surgeries may cause severe postoperative complications, such as pelvic adhesion, postoperative ileus, and severe pain. However, only few studies have analyzed the outcomes of antiadhesive barriers in second-look surgery. This retrospective study aims to identify the outcomes of different antiadhesive barriers by analyzing surgical images. The study included patients who received an adhesion barrier during second-look surgery between January 2011 and November 2017. Four brands of adhesive barriers were used: Interceed, Seprafilm, Adept, and SurgiWrap. Adhesion scores were calculated for four quadrants of the uterus and surrounding structures before and after the use of antiadhesive barriers. The differences between the data of 2 observers and surgery times were also determined. A total of 18 patients were enrolled in the study. The adhesion scores were not significantly different before and after the placement of antiadhesive barriers. The difference in the adhesion scores between the two observers was also not significant, except in the Seprafilm group (P = .029). Furthermore, no significant change in the adhesion scores was observed between the first and second surgeries. Therefore, using adhesion barriers may not decrease the adhesion scores in the current setting.
Prevention of Anastomotic Leak Via Local Application of Tranexamic Acid to Target Bacterial-mediated Plasminogen Activation
Authors: Jacobson Richard A. , Williamson Ashley J. , Wienholts Kiedo , Gaines Sara , Hyoju Sanjiv , van Goor Harry , Zaborin Alexander , Shogan Benjamin D. , Zaborina Olga , Alverdy John C. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To investigate the role of bacterial- mediated plasminogen (PLG) activation in the pathogenesis of anastomotic leak (AL) and its mitigation by tranexamic acid (TXA).

Background:
AL is the most feared complication of colorectal resections. The pathobiology of AL in the setting of a technically optimal procedure involves excessive submucosal collagen degradation by resident microbes. We hypothesized that activation of the host PLG system by pathogens is a central and targetable pathway in AL.

Methods:
We employed kinetic analysis of binding and activation of human PLG by microbes known to cause AL, and collagen degradation assays to test the impact of PLG on bacterial collagenolysis. Further, we measured the ability of the antifibrinolytic drug TXA to inhibit this process. Finally, using mouse models of pathogen-induced AL, we locally applied TXA via enema and measured its ability to prevent a clinically relevant AL.

Results:
PLG is deposited rapidly and specifically at the site of colorectal anastomoses. TXA inhibited PLG activation and downstream collagenolysis by pathogens known to have a causal role in AL. TXA enema reduced collagenolytic bacteria counts and PLG deposition at anastomotic sites. Postoperative PLG inhibition with TXA enema prevented clinically and pathologically apparent pathogen-mediated AL in mice.

Conclusions:
Bacterial activation of host PLG is central to collagenolysis and pathogen-mediated AL. TXA inhibits this process both in vitro and in vivo. TXA enema represents a promising method to prevent AL in high-risk sites such as the colorectal anastomoses.
Impact of a Parastomal Bulge on Quality of Life – A Cross-sectional Study of Patients From the Danish Stoma Database
Authors: Krogsgaard Marianne , Watt Torquil , Danielsen Anne K. , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Vinther Anders , Gögenur Ismail , Thomsen Thordis 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To investigate stoma specific and generic HRQoL in patients with and without a parastomal bulge.

Background:
Most patients have to live with their stoma complicated by a parastomal bulge. How this affects quality of life remains unclear.

Methods:
Patients in the Danish Stoma Database completed the Short-form 36 health survey and the stoma-QOL questionnaire. Linear regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounding factors, provided mean and mean score differences and 95% confidence intervals for each HRQoL scale and item. Cohens d provided estimates of effect size.

Results:
A total of 1265 patients (65%) completed the questionnaire 4.4 (interquartile range 3.1–6.0) years after stoma surgery. Of these, 693 (55%) patients with a parastomal bulge had significantly impaired (P < 0.01) HRQoL across all stoma specific and generic health domains compared to patients without a parastomal bulge. In patients with a benign diagnosis or an ileostomy, a parastomal bulge impacted significantly on Social Functioning and Mental Health resulting in a worse Mental Component Summary. A large bulge >10 cm impaired HRQoL (P < 0.01) across all stoma specific and generic domains. The impact on HRQoL was independent of time with the bulge.

Conclusions:
A novel finding in this large, unselected sample from high-quality regional registries was that parastomal bulging was associated with substantial and sustained impairment of HRQoL.
Science communication in online media: influence of press releases on coverage of genetics and CRISPR
Authors: Grochala Rafał 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNew scientific discoveries are communicated through multiple channels. Publications remain essential for scientists, whereas general public relies on news articles. Numerous studies investigated the path from publications to news and identified press releases as the key factor, associating them with issues such as exaggerations, but less is known about the direct influence of press releases on subject choice or on the content of media reports. Here, a cross-sectional sample of publications related to genetics and CRISPR is assessed in three independent datasets (n = 1362 publications, n = 461 press releases). Analysis finds 92.5% (CI = 88.5-96.5) dependence of news outlets on press releases in terms of topic choice and 39-43% explicit use of passages from press releases. Publications without press releases are described by 74x fewer news outlets. Even if they come from leading journals or universities, lack of a press release leads to 8.8x less coverage. Given the high impact of press releases, their reliability is especially relevant, but the majority of them omits interest disclosures - 84.3% (CI = 80.8-87.7) of press releases did not mention existing conflicts of interest, including multiple patent applications. These results establish the major indirect and direct role of press releases in science communication via online media. In line with previous research, this dependency raises concerns about possible distortions of science coverage.
Nwd1 regulates neuronal differentiation and migration through purinosome formation in the developing cerebral cortex
Authors: Yamada Seiya , Sato Ayaka , Sakakibara Shin-ichi 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYEngagement of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) into proper neuronal differentiation requires the spatiotemporally regulated generation of metabolites. Purines are essential building blocks for many signaling molecules. Enzymes that catalyzede novopurine synthesis are assembled as a huge multienzyme complex called “purinosome”. However, there is no evidence of the formation or physiological function of the purinosome in the brain. Here, we showed that a signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND) protein,NACHT andWD repeatdomain-containing1(Nwd1), interacted with Paics, a purine-synthesizing enzyme, to regulate purinosome assembly in NSPCs. Altered Nwd1 expression affected purinosome formation and induced the mitotic exit and premature differentiation of NSPCs, repressing neuronal migration and periventricular heterotopia. Overexpression/knockdown of Paics or Fgams, other purinosome enzymes, in the developing brain resulted in a phenocopy of Nwd1 defects. These findings indicate that strict regulation of purinosome assembly/disassembly is crucial for maintaining NSPCs and corticogenesis.
Longitudinal wastewater sampling in buildings reveals temporal dynamics of metabolites
Authors: Evans Ethan D. , Dai Chengzhen , Isazadeh Siavash , Park Shinkyu , Ratti Carlo , Alm Eric J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDirect sampling of building wastewater has the potential to enable “precision public health” observations and interventions. Temporal sampling offers additional dynamic information that can be used to increase the informational content of individual metabolic “features”, but few studies have focused on high-resolution sampling. Here, we sampled three spatially close buildings, revealing individual metabolomics features, retention time (rt) and mass-to-charge ratio (mz) pairs, that often possess similar stationary statistical properties, as expected from aggregate sampling. However, the temporal profiles of features—providing orthogonal information to physicochemical properties—illustrate that many possess significantly differentfeature temporal dynamics(fTDs) across buildings, with rapid and unpredictable deviations from the mean. Internal to a building, numerous and seemingly unrelated features, with mz and rt differences up to hundreds of Daltons and seconds, display highly correlated fTDs, suggesting non-obvious feature relationships. Data-driven building classification achieves high sensitivity and specificity, and extracts building-identifying features with unique dynamics. Analysis of fTDs from many short-duration samples allows for tailored community monitoring with applicability in public health studies.
Dietary sugar inhibits satiation by decreasing the central processing of sweet taste
Authors: May Christina E. , Rosander Julia , Gottfried Jen , Dennis Evan , Dus Monica 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFrom humans to flies, exposure to diets rich in sugar and fat lowers taste sensation, changes food choices, and promotes feeding. However, how these peripheral alterations influence eating is unknown. Here we used the genetically tractable organism D. melanogaster to define the neural mechanisms through which this occurs. We characterized a population of protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons (PAM DANs) that innervates the β’2 compartment of the mushroom body and responds to sweet taste. In animals fed a high sugar diet, the response of PAM-β’2 to sweet stimuli was reduced and delayed, and sensitive to the strength of the signal transmission out of the sensory neurons. We found that PAM-β’2 DANs activity controls feeding rate and satiation: closed-loop optogenetic activation of β’2 DANs restored normal eating in animals fed high sucrose. These data argue that diet-dependent alterations in taste weaken satiation by impairing the central processing of sensory signals.
Differential involvement of EEG oscillatory components in sameness vs. spatial-relation visual reasoning tasks
Authors: Alamia Andrea , Luo Canhuang , Ricci Matthew , Kim Junkyung , Serre Thomas , VanRullen Rufin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of deep convolutional networks (DCNs) has recently led to great successes in computer vision and have become de facto computational models of vision. However, a growing body of work suggests that they exhibit critical limitations beyond image categorization. Here, we study a fundamental limitation of DCNs for judging whether two items are the same or different (SD) compared to a baseline assessment of their spatial relationship (SR). We test the prediction that SD tasks recruit additional cortical mechanisms which underlie critical aspects of visual cognition that are not explained by current computational models. We thus recorded EEG signals from 14 participants engaged in the same tasks as the computational models. Importantly, the two tasks were matched in terms of difficulty by an adaptive psychometric procedure: yet, on top of a modulation of evoked potentials, our results revealed higher activity in the low beta (13-20Hz) band in the SD compared to the SR conditions, which we surmise as reflecting the crucial involvement of recurrent mechanisms sustaining working memory and attention.Author SummaryDespite the impressive progress of deep convolutional networks (DCNs) in object recognition, recent studies demonstrated that state-of-the-art vision algorithms encounter severe limitations when performing certain visual reasoning tasks: for instance, convolutional networks can easily solve problems involvingspatial relations, but fail in identifying whether two items are identical or different (same-different task). This conclusion led us to test the hypothesis that different computational mechanisms are needed to successfully perform these tasks also in the visual system. First, we confirmed in our simulations that DCNs can successfully perform spatial relationship tasks but struggle with same-different ones. Then, we tested 14 participants on the same experimental design while recording their EEG signals. Remarkably, our results revealed a significant difference between the tasks in the occipital brain regions both in evoked potentials and in the oscillatory dynamics. Specifically, an increase of activity was found when performing the SD over the SR condition. We interpret these results as reflecting the fundamental involvement of recurrent mechanisms implementing cognitive functions such as working memory and attention.
Spatial distribution and research trend of illegal activities and the factors associated with wild mammal population declines in protected areas
Authors: Rija Alfan A. , Critchlow Rob , Thomas Chris D. , Beale Colin M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIllegal activities are a persistent problem in many protected areas, but an overview of the extent of this problem and its impact is lacking. We review 35 years (1980-1914) of research across the globe to examine the spatial distribution of research and socio-ecological factors influencing population decline within protected areas under illegal activities pressure. From 92 papers reporting 1048 species/site combinations, more than 350 species comprising mammals, reptiles, birds, fishes and molluscs were reported to have been extracted illegally from 146 protected areas across four continents. Research in illegal activities has increased substantially during the review period but also shows strong taxonomic and geographic biases towards large wild mammals and African continent respectively, suggesting persistent poaching pressures on wild mammals in African protected areas. Population declines were most frequent i) where there was commercial poaching as opposed to subsistence poaching alone, ii) in countries with a low human development index particularly in strict protected areas and iii) for species with a body mass over 100 kg. Habitat loss associated with greater land use change had an additional significant impact on population decline, particularly in the less-strict categories (IUCN III-VI) of protected area across the continents. Overall, these findings provide evidence that illegal activities are most likely to cause species declines of large-bodied animals in protected areas in resource-poor countries regardless of protected area conservation status (i.e. IUCN category). Given the mounting pressures of illegal activities, additional conservation effort such as improving anti-poaching strategies and conservation resources in terms of improving funding and personnel directed at this problem is a growing priority.
Biodiversity clock and conservation triangle: Integrative platform for biodiversity monitoring, evaluation, and preemptive conservation intervention
Authors: Jaishanker R , Vishnu M , Rajan Sajeev C , Sooraj N.P , Athira K , Sarojkumar V , Dominic Lijimol , Mathew Subin John , Unnikrishnan Anjaly , Dadhwal Vinay Kumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBusiness-as-usual is no more an option on the table for biodiversity conservation. Disruptive transformation at both policy and polity levels are pressing needs. The possibilities presented by the current wave of information and communication technology can act as travelators to meet the conservation targets. Here, we introduce twin concepts of biodiversity clock and conservation triangle that posit as convergence plane to seamlessly consolidate ongoing discrete efforts and convey real-time biodiversity information in a lucid schematic form. In its present form, the biodiversity clock depicts 12 ecological and 6 biophysical components. The universal consistency in clock-reading facilitates the biodiversity clock to be read and interpreted identically across the world. A ternary plot of the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) species conservation status is presented as the conservation triangle. Together, the biodiversity clock and the conservation triangle are invaluable in strategizing biodiversity conservation, post-2020. Leveraged smartly, they make possible pre-emptive intervention for biodiversity conservation.
Dose old age lead to gluttony? Effects of aging on predation and locomotion in the assassin bugAmphibolus venator
Authors: Matsumura Kentarou , Iwaya Mana , Nagaya Naohisa , Fujisawa Ryusuke , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnimal behaviors are often affected by aging. In many insect species, locomotor activity decreases with aging. Foraging ability may also decrease with aging. However, few studies have investigated the effects of aging on both locomotor activity and foraging ability. In the present study, we tested the aging effect on locomotor activity and foraging ability in the assassin bugAmphibolus venator. The present results showed that locomotor activity decreased with age, similar to findings in many other animal species. However, foraging ability increased with age. Namely, the decline in locomotor activity with age did not lead to a decline in foraging ability. The positive relationship between foraging ability and age may be related to the type of predation, sit-and-wait, used byA. venatorvia alterations in investment in reproductive traits with age.
Effects of land-use change and related pressures on alien and native subsets of island communities
Authors: Sánchez-Ortiz Katia , Taylor Kara J. M. , De Palma Adriana , Essl Franz , Dawson Wayne , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , van Kleunen Mark , Weigelt Patrick , Purvis Andy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIsland species and habitats are particularly vulnerable to human disturbances, and anthropogenic changes are increasingly overwriting natural island biogeographic patterns. However, quantitative comparisons of how native and alien assemblages respond to human disturbances are scarce. Using data from 6,242 species of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, from 7,718 sites on 81 islands, we model how land-use change, human population density and distance to the nearest road affect local assemblages of alien and native species on islands. We found that land-use change reduces both richness and abundance of native species, whereas the number and abundance of alien species are high in plantation forests and agricultural or urban sites. In contrast to the long-established pattern for native species (i.e., decline in species number with island isolation), more isolated islands have more alien species across most land uses than do less isolated islands. We show that alien species play a major role in the turnover of island assemblages: our models show that aliens outnumber natives among the species present at disturbed sites but absent from minimally-disturbed primary vegetation. Finally, we found a homogenization pattern for both native and alien assemblages across sites within most land uses. The declines of native species on islands in the face of human pressures, and the particular proneness to invasions of the more remote islands, highlight the need to reduce the intensity of human pressures on islands and to prevent the introduction and establishment of alien species.
Reconstitution of the Human tRNA Splicing Endonuclease Complex: insight into the regulation of pre-tRNA cleavage
Authors: Hayne Cassandra K. , Schmidt Casey A. , Matera A. Gregory , Stanley Robin E. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe splicing of tRNA introns is a critical step in pre-tRNA maturation. In archaea and eukaryotes, tRNA intron removal is catalyzed by the tRNA splicing endonuclease (TSEN) complex. Eukaryotic TSEN is comprised of four core subunits (TSEN54, TSEN2, TSEN34, and TSEN15). The human TSEN complex additionally co-purifies with the polynucleotide kinase CLP1; however, CLP1’s role in tRNA splicing remains unclear. Mutations in genes encoding all four TSEN subunits, as well as CLP1, are known to cause neurodegenerative disorders, yet the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these disorders are unknown. Here, we developed a recombinant system that produces active TSEN complex. Co-expression of all four TSEN subunits is required for efficient formation and function of the complex. We show that human CLP1 associates with the active TSEN complex, but is not required for tRNA intron cleavagein vitro. Moreover, RNAi knockdown of theDrosophilaCLP1 orthologue, cbc, promotes biogenesis of mature tRNAs and circularized tRNA introns (tricRNAs)in vivo. Collectively, these and other findings suggest that CLP1/cbc plays a regulatory role in tRNA splicing by serving as a negative modulator of the direct tRNA ligation pathway in animal cells.