bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheology and Biostratigraphy of the Mariana Serpentine Muds Unravel Mud Volcano Evolution
Authors: Menapace Walter , Tangunan Deborah , Maas Michael , Williams Trevor , Kopf Achim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn late 2016, the IODP Expedition 366 drilled 21 holes on summits and flanks of three serpentinite mud volcanoes (SMVs) of the Mariana Forearc: Yinazao (Blue Moon), Fantangisña (Celestial), and Asùt Tesoru (Big Blue). The drilling reached the forearc sediments underneath the SMVs only at Site U1498 where, according to data from this study, the biostratigraphic age of Fantangisña appears to be well constrained, with a pelagic cover on top of the serpentine mud flows of 0.44 Ma and an age of the forearc sediments of 11.21 Ma. With an estimated age of at least 10.77 Myr this is, to our knowledge, the oldest mud volcano ever dated. To link the age of the edifice with its eruptive dynamics, we performed rheological tests of natural samples of serpentine mud from the Fantangisña SMV for the first time. These experiments not only confirm the highly viscous characteristic of the mud breccia but also identify different muds' mineralogical compositions (i.e., serpentine‐rich vs. serpentine‐poor sediments) and water contents as being responsible for the main rheological variations. The viscosity from the rheological data, together with the physical properties of the mud breccia and the clasts measured onboard IODP366, under several assumptions, allow us to estimate of flow velocities and a depth of the mud source at ∼8.4 km below seafloor. Moreover, comparison of erupted mud breccia volumes from bathymetry, seismic data, and calculations shows how the SMV evolution is linked to episodic events, highlighting that Fantangisña has actively been expelling sediments during 2.41% of its life span.
Joint Inversion of Receiver Functions and Surface‐Wave Dispersion in the Pantanal Wetlands: Implications for Basin Formation
Authors: Cedraz V. , Julià J. , Assumpção M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe origin and evolution of the Pantanal basin have been investigated through velocity‐depth profiles developed from the joint inversion of receiver functions and surface‐wave dispersion velocities at 33 broadband stations. The Pantanal basin is a shallow and wide depression in South‐Central Brazil that developed within the Andean foreland in response to loads and flexural bending of the South American plate. Our results reveal the existence of up to four different crustal types that correlate with surface geology: (i) crust of 35 km with VS < 4.0 km/s, under the basin and along the SW projection of the Transbrasiliano lineament (TBL); (ii) crust of 45 km with VS > 4.0 km/s below 40 km depth, flanking the basin to the east and west; (iii) crust of 50–55 km with VS > 4.0 km/s below 40 km depth, flanking the basin to the north and south and along the TBL; and (iv) crust of 42.5–45.0 km with VS < 4.0 km/s in the neighboring Paraná basin. Existing geodynamic models propose that the Pantanal basin formed either in the back‐bulge of the flexural system or at the top of the forebulge, due to extensional bending stresses that reactivated preexisting faults in the shallow upper crust. We argue that the Pantanal basin was formed in a structurally weaker portion of the foreland crust that was affected by delamination and enhanced bending of the South American plate. Our findings do not allow for discrimination among the competing models but suggest that the TBL was critical in marking the location, origin, and evolution of this basin.
Long‐Term Investigation of Aerosol Optical and Radiative Characteristics in a Typical Megacity of Central China During Winter Haze Periods
Authors: Ma Yingying , Zhang Ming , Jin Shikuan , Gong Wei , Chen Nan , Chen Zhongyong , Jin Yinbao , Shi Yifan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDecadal aerosol characteristics and related radiative effects (ARE) and efficiencies (AREE) at ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), near‐infrared (NIR), and shortwave wavelengths were investigated in Wuhan during winter haze periods based on observations from 2007 to 2016. Aerosols changed significantly under haze conditions; the average aerosol optical depth increased from 0.46 to 0.93, and the Ångström exponent increased from 1.12 to 1.23. Fine‐mode particles became dominant, and their peak radius also increased due to hygroscopic growth. The mean value of the UV single‐scattering albedo increased from 0.846 to 0.873, revealing the emergence of numerous fine‐mode, nonabsorbing aerosols. Backward trajectories suggested that local aerosols were partially affected by transported dust from Northwest China, especially in 2015. The interannual variation of the mean AREE at the top of atmosphere showed a gradually increasing tendency, revealing the enhanced potential cooling capacity of aerosols to the Earth‐atmosphere system over Wuhan. The increase in the AREE fraction at UV and VIS wavelengths, and its decrease at NIR wavelengths, indicated that this phenomenon was due to the increased proportion of fine‐mode scattering components in aerosols. The variation in AREE at top of atmosphere depended mainly on the single‐scattering albedo, while the same variation at the surface depended more on particle sizes. A detailed investigation of aerosols during haze periods can help us to further understand localized climate variations and haze‐inducing mechanisms.
Controls of Variability in Berm and Dune Storm Erosion
Authors: Beuzen T. , Harley M. D. , Splinter K. D. , Turner I. L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe erosion impact of large coastal storm events typically occurs across broad (100s of km) sections of coastline and may include significant variability both alongshore and vertically between the berm and dunes. Identifying controls of variability in storm erosion is critical to understanding the response of coastlines to present and changing storminess. This contribution analyses immediate pre‐ and post‐storm Lidar data of over 1700 cross‐shore profile transects, determined at every 100 m alongshore and spanning 400km of the southeast Australian coastline. This unique dataset allowed for a data‐driven Bayesian network analysis of the key relationships between the measured storm erosion response and a range of variables describing the antecedent morphology and hydrodynamic forcing at the coastline. It was found that while erosion of the dune and berm was observed to increase with increased exposure of the local profile to incident storm waves, additional erosion controls were found to be different for these two different sections of the beach. Erosion of the berm was specifically linked to the pre‐storm berm volume, with more accreted berms experiencing a greater proportion of erosion of the overall berm, regardless of variability in forcing conditions. In contrast, dune erosion was equally controlled by the exceedance of wave runup above the antecedent dune toe elevation and the width of the beach immediately fronting the dune, with wider beaches resulting in reduced dune erosion. The results of this large, data‐driven analysis provide important affirmation and insights into the primary controls of berm and dune storm erosion.
On the Annual Asymmetry of High‐Latitude Sporadic F
Authors: Chartier Alex T. , Huba J. D. , Mitchell Cathryn N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe polar F region ionosphere frequently exhibits sporadic variability (e.g., Meek, 1949, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ054i004p00339; Hill, 1963, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520‐0469(1963)020<0492:SEOLII>2.0.CO;2). Recent satellite data analysis (Noja et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/rds.20033; Chartier et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024811) showed that the high‐latitude F region ionosphere exhibits sporadic enhancements more frequently in January than in July in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The same pattern has been seen in statistics of the degradation and total loss of GPS service onboard low‐Earth orbit satellites (Xiong et al. 2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo‐36‐679‐2018). Here, we confirm the existence of this annual pattern using ground GPS‐based images of TEC from the MIDAS algorithm. Images covering January and July 2014 confirm that the high‐latitude (>70 MLAT) F region exhibits a substantially larger range of values in January than in July in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The range of TEC values observed in the polar caps is 38–57 TECU (north‐south) in January versus 25–37 TECU in July. First‐principle modeling using SAMI3 reproduces this pattern, and indicates that it is caused by an asymmetry in plasma levels (30% higher in January than in July across both polar caps), as well as 17% longer O+ plasma lifetimes in northern hemisphere winter, compared to southern hemisphere winter.
Hydropower Flushing Events Cause Severe Loss of Macrozoobenthos in Alpine Streams
Authors: Gabbud C. , Bakker M. , Clémençon M. , Lane S. N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlpine hydroelectric power exploitation often aims to increase the volume of water stored behind impoundments, which may be achieved through flow abstraction and lateral transfer to storage. Intakes are designed to separate water from sediment which accumulates in settling basins and may be flushed sometimes at subdaily frequencies in glaciated basins. In some countries (e.g., Switzerland) intakes drain a greater basin area than impoundments yet legislation designed to improve instream ecosystems impacted by hydropower has almost entirely ignored them. Some research suggests that such streams have exceptionally low abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrates for some kilometers downstream of the intake flushing at high frequency in summer, but that populations can recover rapidly as soon as flushing frequency decreases in early autumn. However, such patterns could also result from natural flow variability, sediment transport, and morphological change in glacier‐fed streams. We combine field measurements with habitat modeling to assess the impacts of sediment flushing on macrozoobenthos as compared to what might be expected in a natural, hydromorphologically dynamic Alpine stream. We show that water abstraction in itself could improve habitat conditions because it increases the relative contribution of less turbid and groundwater/unregulated sources. However, intake flushing leads to short duration, sediment‐laden flows that can destabilize substantial areas of the stream bed and cause rates of lateral displacement of habitat much greater than the possible response by macroinvertebrates. Our results challenge current emphasis on minimum flows in such streams and argue that much more emphasis needs to be placed on sediment management.
Process‐Guided Deep Learning Predictions of Lake Water Temperature
Authors: Read Jordan S. , Jia Xiaowei , Willard Jared , Appling Alison P. , Zwart Jacob A. , Oliver Samantha K. , Karpatne Anuj , Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Hanson Paul C. , Watkins William , Steinbach Michael , Kumar Vipin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe rapid growth of data in water resources has created new opportunities to accelerate knowledge discovery with the use of advanced deep learning tools. Hybrid models that integrate theory with state‐of‐the art empirical techniques have the potential to improve predictions while remaining true to physical laws. This paper evaluates the Process‐Guided Deep Learning (PGDL) hybrid modeling framework with a use‐case of predicting depth‐specific lake water temperatures. The PGDL model has three primary components: a deep learning model with temporal awareness (long short‐term memory recurrence), theory‐based feedback (model penalties for violating conversation of energy), and model pretraining to initialize the network with synthetic data (water temperature predictions from a process‐based model). In situ water temperatures were used to train the PGDL model, a deep learning (DL) model, and a process‐based (PB) model. Model performance was evaluated in various conditions, including when training data were sparse and when predictions were made outside of the range in the training data set. The PGDL model performance (as measured by root‐mean‐square error (RMSE)) was superior to DL and PB for two detailed study lakes, but only when pretraining data included greater variability than the training period. The PGDL model also performed well when extended to 68 lakes, with a median RMSE of 1.65 °C during the test period (DL: 1.78 °C, PB: 2.03 °C; in a small number of lakes PB or DL models were more accurate). This case‐study demonstrates that integrating scientific knowledge into deep learning tools shows promise for improving predictions of many important environmental variables.
Epigenetic regulation of lung cancer cell proliferation and migration by the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1
Authors: Li Zilong , Xia Jun , Fang Mingming , Xu Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMalignant lung cancer cells are characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and migration. Aberrant lung cancer cell proliferation and migration are programmed by altered cancer transcriptome. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is unclear. Here we report that expression levels of BRG1, a chromatin remodeling protein, were significantly up-regulated in human lung cancer biopsy specimens of higher malignancy grades compared to those of lower grades. Small interfering RNA mediated depletion or pharmaceutical inhibition of BRG1 suppressed proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. BRG1 depletion or inhibition was paralleled by down-regulation of cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and latent TGF-β binding protein 2 (LTBP2) in lung cancer cells. Further analysis revealed that BRG1 directly bound to the CCNB1 promoter to activate transcription in response to hypoxia stimulation by interacting with E2F1. On the other hand, BRG1 interacted with Sp1 to activate LTBP2 transcription. Mechanistically, BRG1 regulated CCNB1 and LTBP2 transcription by altering histone modifications on target promoters. Specifically, BRG1 recruited KDM3A, a histone H3K9 demethylase, to remove dimethyl H3K9 from target gene promoters thereby activating transcription. KDM3A knockdown achieved equivalent effects as BRG1 silencing by diminishing lung cancer proliferation and migration. Of interest, BRG1 directly activated KDM3A transcription by forming a complex with HIF-1α. In conclusion, our data unveil a novel epigenetic mechanism whereby malignant lung cancer cells acquired heightened ability to proliferate and migrate. Targeting BRG1 may yield effective interventional strategies against malignant lung cancers.
Agmatinase promotes the lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis by activating the NO-MAPKs-PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Zhu Hui-er , Yin Jia-yi , Chen De-xiong , He Sheng , Chen Hui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. There is an urgent need to uncover the pathogenic mechanism to develop new treatments. Agmatinase (AGMAT) expression and its association with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed via GEO, Oncomine, and TCGA databases, and IHC staining in human LUAD specimens. An EdU cell proliferation kit, propidiumiodide staining, colony formation, cell migration, and invasion assays, and a xenograft tumor model were used to detect the biological function of AGMAT in LUAD. Furthermore, the expression level of nitric oxide (NO) was detected using a DAF-FMDA fluorescent probe or nitrite assay kit, and further validated with Carboxy-PTIO (a NO scavenger). The roles of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS) were validated using L-NAME (eNOS inhibitor), SMT (iNOS inhibitor), and spermidine (nNOS inhibitor). AGMAT expression was up-regulated in LUAD tissues. LUAD patients with high AGMAT levels were associated with poorer prognoses. AGMAT promoted LUAD tumorigenesis in NO released by iNOS both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, NO signaling up-regulated the expression of cyclin D1 via activating the MAPK and PI3K/Akt-dependent c-myc activity, ultimately promoting the malignant proliferation of tumor cells. On the whole, AGMAT promoted NO release via up-regulating the expression of iNOS. High levels of NO drove LUAD tumorigenesis via activating MAPK and PI3K/Akt cascades. AGMAT might be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for LUAD patients.
Machine learning-aided analysis for complex local structure of liquid crystal polymers
Authors: Doi Hideo , Takahashi Kazuaki Z. , Tagashira Kenji , Fukuda Jun-ichi , Aoyagi Takeshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElucidation of mesoscopic structures of molecular systems is of considerable scientific and technological interest for the development and optimization of advanced materials. Molecular dynamics simulations are a promising means of revealing macroscopic physical properties of materials from a microscopic viewpoint, but analysis of the resulting complex mesoscopic structures from microscopic information is a non-trivial and challenging task. In this study, a Machine Learning-aided Local Structure Analyzer (ML-LSA) is developed to classify the complex local mesoscopic structures of molecules that have not only simple atomistic group units but also rigid anisotropic functional groups such as mesogens. The proposed ML-LSA is applied to classifying the local structures of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) systems, which are of considerable scientific and technological interest because of their potential for sensors and soft actuators. A machine learning (ML) model is constructed from small, and thus computationally less costly, monodomain LCP trajectories. The ML model can distinguish nematic- and smectic-like monodomain structures with high accuracy. The ML-LSA is applied to large, complex quenched LCP structures, and the complex local structures are successfully classified as either nematic- or smectic-like. Furthermore, the results of the ML-LSA suggest the best order parameter for distinguishing the two mesogenic structures. Our ML model enables automatic and systematic analysis of the mesogenic structures without prior knowledge, and thus can overcome the difficulty of manually determining the specific order parameter required for the classification of complex structures.
Understanding traffic capacity of urban networks
Authors: Loder Allister , Ambühl Lukas , Menendez Monica , Axhausen Kay W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTraffic in an urban network becomes congested once there is a critical number of vehicles in the network. To improve traffic operations, develop new congestion mitigation strategies, and reduce negative traffic externalities, understanding the basic laws governing the network’s critical number of vehicles and the network’s traffic capacity is necessary. However, until now, a holistic understanding of this critical point and an empirical quantification of its driving factors has been missing. Here we show with billions of vehicle observations from more than 40 cities, how road and bus network topology explains around 90% of the empirically observed critical point variation, making it therefore predictable. Importantly, we find a sublinear relationship between network size and critical accumulation emphasizing decreasing marginal returns of infrastructure investment. As transportation networks are the lifeline of our cities, our findings have profound implications on how to build and operate our cities more efficiently.
The integration of metabolome and proteome reveals bioactive polyphenols and hispidin in ARTP mutagenized Phellinus baumii
Authors: Zhang Henan , Chen Ruibing , Zhang Jingsong , Bu Qitao , Wang Wenhan , Liu Yanfang , Li Qing , Guo Ying , Zhang Lei , Yang Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhellinus baumii, also called “Sang Huang” in China, is broadly used as a kind of health food or folk medicine in Asia for its high biological activities, e.g. anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activities. Although some previous studies have indicated that polysaccharides and flavonoids showed the activity of inhibiting tumor cells, the active metabolites ofP. baumiineeds further research. In our study, a stableP. baumiimutant (A67), generated by ARTP mutagenesis strategy, showed more significantly inhibiting tumor cells and enhancing antioxidant activity. Our further studies found that the increase of polyphenols content, especially hispidin, was an important reason of the biological activity enhancement of A67. According to the results of the integrated metabolome and proteome study, the increase of polyphenol content was caused by upregulation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study expanded the understanding of active compounds and metabolic pathway ofP. baumii.
Reinforcement of Epoxy Composites with Graphite-Graphene Structures
Authors: Mostovoy A. S. , Yakovlev A. V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a result of the research, the possibility of directional control of the operational properties of epoxy composites by the use of small additives of thermally expanded graphite-graphene structures has been proved. The rational content of the structuring additive in the composition of the epoxy composite (0.05 parts by mass.) was selected, which ensured an increase in the studied complex of physico-mechanical properties. The influence of thermally expanded graphite on the process of structure formation of an epoxy composite has been established. The addition of thermally expanded graphite increases thermal, fire and heat resistance as well as the coefficient of heat-conducting epoxy composite.
Room-Temperature Graphene-Nanoribbon Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Hwang Wan Sik , Zhao Pei , Kim Sung Geun , Yan Rusen , Klimeck Gerhard , Seabaugh Alan , Fullerton-Shirey Susan K. , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep 
Published: November 2019

AbstractControlled, tunable, and reversible negative-differential resistance (NDR) is observed in lithographically defined, atomically thin semiconducting graphene nanoribbon (GNR)-gated Esaki diode transistors at room temperature. Sub-10 nm-wide GNRs patterned by electron-beam lithography exhibit semiconducting energy bandgaps of ~0.2 eV extracted by electrical conductance spectroscopy measurements, indicating an atomically thin realization of the electronic properties of conventional 3D narrow-bandgap semiconductors such as InSb. A p–n junction is then formed in the GNR channel by electrostatic doping using graphene side gates, boosted by ions in a solid polymer electrolyte. Transistor characteristics of this gated GNR p–n junction exhibit reproducible and reversible NDR due to interband tunneling of carriers. All essential experimentally observed features are explained by an analytical model and are corroborated by a numerical atomistic simulation. The observation of tunable NDR in GNRs is conclusive proof of the existence of a lithographically defined bandgap and the thinnest possible realization of an Esaki diode. It paves the way for the thinnest scalable manifestation of low-power tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs).