bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time teledermatology clinics in a tertiary public hospital: A clinical audit
Authors: Miller Bradley J , Finnane Anna , Vun Yin , Halloran Sean , Stapelberg Anesce , Soyer H. Peter , Caffery Liam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur metropolitan hospital provides a real‐time videoconference teledermatology clinic to enable patients in rural and remote Queensland to access a specialist for dermatology care.MethodsRetrospective clinical audit of all patient referrals to the videoconference teledermatology clinic for a two‐year period.ResultsA total of 483 consultations for 178 patients were conducted by the teledermatology clinic. Most patients were from remote and very remote regions of Queensland with a mean distance from our metropolitan hospital to the patient’s town of residence of 1295 km. The most common reason for referral, as per the referral form, was rash (32%), followed by acne (12%) and dermatitis (11%). Most (78%) referrals came from general practitioners. Around 8% of patients seen in the teledermatology clinic were converted to in‐person review; 81% of patients were managed via teledermatology, and 10% of patients did not attend the scheduled teleconsultation.ConclusionThe outpatient teledermatology clinic run through the Telehealth Centre of a metropolitan hospital is an effective way of delivering a general dermatology consultation service to rural and remote patients in a timely manner.
Local evaluation of the Tasmanian component of the National Suicide Prevention Trial—Preliminary learnings
Authors: Smith Laura , Purton Terry , Auckland Stuart , Lees David , Mond Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTasmania is one of the 12 Australian sites chosen to participate in the National Suicide Prevention Trial. The Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, was contracted to conduct a local‐level, process evaluation of this initiative using a Participatory Action Research approach, with the objective of this article to summarise progress and key learnings from the local evaluation to date.DesignEmpowerment and Utilisation‐Focus Evaluation theoretical approaches informed the conduct of process evaluation activities, within an overarching participatory action research approach.SettingThree participating regions in Tasmania were included as follows: Launceston, the North‐West and Break O'Day.ParticipantsWorking group members, service providers and other relevant stakeholders.InterventionsMixed‐methods surveys, field observations and content analysis were conducted.ResultsSurvey results indicated that most working group members understood the concept of a “systems‐based” approach to suicide prevention. Most participants believed that working group structures/functions engaged community members with lived experience, while around half believed that these structures/functions facilitated relationships with local services and that working group action plans adequately addressed issues of capacity building and sustainability. Preliminary field data suggested that awareness raising, engagement and face‐to‐face capacity‐building activities focused on the wider community were preferred to activities targeting specific populations.ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest ambivalence among key stakeholders concerning the application of a systems‐based approach to suicide prevention in regional areas of Tasmania. Consistent with a participatory action research approach, the findings will inform the evolution of trial site activity for the remainder of the trial and, in due course, the implementation of future such initiatives.
The Iron Triangle of Urban Entrepreneurialism: The Political Economy of Urban Corruption in Spain
Authors: Moreno Zacarés Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite a cascade of corruption scandals over the last decade, the role of political corruption has yet to be accounted for in the scholarship on Spanish urban entrepreneurialism. This is an omission that extends to the broader literature on the topic as well. This paper looks at the theoretical causes of this neglect and explores ways of integrating corruption into the study of urban entrepreneurialism. To do so, it offers a systematic analysis of the role of clientelism in the political economy of Spanish inter‐urban competition. Contrary to the existing literature, which at best explains away corruption as a logical outgrowth of intensified competition for real estate capital, this paper argues that corruption is rooted in a political structure that precedes the emergence of urban entrepreneurialism. This structure is identified as an “iron triangle”, a complex of colluding interests formed by the state, the real estate industry, and political parties.
Second trimester cervical length measurements with transvaginal ultrasound: A prospective observational agreement and reliability study
Authors: Kuusela Pihla , Wennerholm Ulla‐Britt , Fadl Helena , Wesström Jan , Lindgren Peter , Hagberg Henrik , Jacobsson Bo , Valentin Lil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionUniversal screening for preterm delivery by adding transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length to routine second trimester ultrasound has been proposed. The aim is to estimate inter‐ and intraobserver agreement and reliability of second trimester transvaginal ultrasound measurements of cervical length performed by specially trained midwife sonographers.Material and methodsThis is a prospective reliability and agreement study performed in seven Swedish ultrasound centers. In total, 18 midwife sonographers specially trained to perform ultrasound measurements of cervical length and 286 women in the second trimester were included. In each center, two midwife sonographers measured cervical length a few minutes apart in the same woman, the number of women examined per examiner pair varying between 24 and 30 (LIVE study). Sixteen midwife sonographers measured cervical length twice ≥2 months apart on 93 video clips (CLIPS study). The main outcome measures were mean difference, limits of agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient, intra‐individual standard deviation, repeatability, Cohen’s kappa and Fleiss kappa.ResultsThe limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficient of the best examiner pair in the LIVE study were −4.06 to 4.72 mm and 0.91, and those of the poorest were −11.11 to 11.39 mm and 0.31. In the CLIPS study, median (range) intra‐individual standard deviation was 2.14 mm (1.40‐3.46), repeatability 5.93 mm (3.88‐9.58), intraclass correlation coefficient 0.84 (0.66‐0.94). Median (range) interobserver agreement for cervical length ≤25 mm in the CLIPS study was 94.6% (84.9%‐98.9%) and Cohen’s kappa 0.56 (0.12‐0.92), median (range) intraobserver agreement was 95.2% (87.1%‐98.9%) and Cohen’s kappa 0.68 (0.27‐0.93).ConclusionsAgreement and reliability of cervical length measurements differed substantially between examiner pairs and examiners. If cervical length measurements are used to guide management there is potential for both over‐ and under‐treatment. Uniform training and rigorous supervision and quality control are advised.
Holocene tephra record of Lake Veliko jezero, Croatia: implications for the central Mediterranean tephrostratigraphy and sea level rise
Authors: Razum Ivan , Miko Slobodan , Ilijanić Nikolina , Petrelli Maurizio , Röhl Ursula , Hasan Ozren , Giaccio Biagio 
Published: May 2020

Core M1‐A from Mljet Island, Croatia, was retrieved from a submerged sinkhole to investigate tephra and reconstruct past sea levels. Eleven tephra layers were found, out of which six are macroscopically visible, while five are cryptotephra. For two of the tephra layers, glass shard concentrations were below the critical amount necessary for reliable analysis, while two more originated from a stratigraphical interval likely disturbed by drilling operations. Major and trace element compositions of glass shards were determined by wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) using an electron microprobe analyser (EMPA) and by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). The tephra discrimination relied on a novel approach based on a multivariate analysis of element selection and the use of log‐ratio scatterplots and common bivariate plots. The results enabled correlation of five tephra to known eruptions originating from Somma‐Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei. Specifically, we identified Avellino Pumice, Mercato, Agnano Monte Spina and Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, extending known distributions for Avellino and Agnano Monte Spina. Moreover, our findings possibly support an earlier proposition that Agnano Monte Spina tephra originated from two eruptions with a pause of a few decades in between. Based on the tephra correlations and radiocarbon dating, an age‐depth model was compiled that provided chronological constraints for the sea level during the formation of the lake (10.7 cal. kaBP, 49 m b.s.l.) and sea intrusion (2.3 cal. kaBP, 2.5 m b.s.l.).
Conserving spawning stocks through harvest slot limits and no‐take protected areas
Authors: Gnanalingam Gaya , Gaff Holly , Butler Mark J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe key to the conservation of harvested species is the maintenance of reproductive success. Yet for many marine species large, old, individuals are targeted despite their disproportionate contribution to reproduction. We hypothesized that a combination of no‐take marine protected areas (MPAs) and harvest slot limits (maximum and minimum size limits) would result in the conservation of large spawning individuals under heavy harvest. We tested this approach under different harvest intensities with a 2‐sex, stage‐structured metapopulation model for the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). P. argus is intensively harvested in the Caribbean, and in many localities large, mature individuals no longer exist. No‐take MPAs and harvest slot limits combined, rebuilt and maintained large mature individuals even under high harvest pressure. The most conservative model (a 30% MPA and harvest slot limit of 75–105 mm) increased spawner abundance by 5.53E12 compared with the fishing status quo at the end of 30 years. Spawning stock abundance also increased by 2.76–9.56E12 individuals at a high harvest intensity over 30 years with MPAs alone. Our results demonstrate the potential of MPAs and harvest slot limits for the conservation of large breeding individuals in some marine and freshwater environments. Decisions on which management strategy best suits a fishery, however, requires balancing what is ecologically desirable with what is economically and socially feasible.
Machine learning‐based charge scheduling of electric vehicles with minimum waiting time
Authors: Vanitha V. , Resmi R. , Reddy Karri Naga Sai Vineela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to reduce the greenhouse gas emission and limit the rise in global temperature, the trend in automotive industry is changing rapidly and most of the manufacturers are moving towards the electrification of vehicles. Computational intelligence and machine learning play a very important role in the field of electric vehicles (EVs) due to the necessity of automatic control in battery charging and port accessibility. Due to the limited ranges of EVs, they have to be charged periodically during their travels and its charging will take more time. As the number of EVs increases, suitable charging infrastructure having many charging stations and co‐ordination of scheduling the charging vehicles from charging stations are necessary. As charging stations have less number of fast charging ports, accessing these fast charging ports needs proper planning. The major challenge of an EV is to identify the charging station with a fast charging port which is on route to the destination with minimum waiting time. This article deals with the application of machine learning in selecting a charging station with available fast charging port and minimum waiting
time.
Effects of isotretinoin on glucose metabolism in patients with acne: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Yu , Liu Han‐Wen , Chao Yuan‐Chen , Huang Yu‐Chen 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPrevious studies reporting the influence of isotretinoin treatment on glucose metabolism have produced conflicting results. We therefore aimed to examine the effects of isotretinoin treatment on changes in insulin resistance and serum levels of adiponectin in patients with acne. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature published from the inception of isotretinoin to March 31, 2019 were conducted. In the absence of controlled trials, open‐label studies on acne patients receiving isotretinoin treatment were included. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes included changes in the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) values and serum levels of adiponectin after isotretinoin treatment. Pooled analysis showed that HOMA‐IR values did not change significantly after isotretinoin treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.183; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = −0.004–0.371; I2 = 38.3), whereas the level of adiponectin significantly increased (SMD = 0.512; 95 % CI = 0.327–0.698; I2 = 10.7). Our study concluded that isotretinoin treatment for patients with acne resulted in an increased serum level of adiponectin but did not have a substantial impact on the status of insulin resistance.
Quantitative assessment of sciatic nerve changes in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A patients using magnetic resonance neurography
Authors: Fortanier E. , Ogier A. C. , Delmont E. , Lefebvre M.‐N. , Viout P. , Guye M. , Bendahan D. , Attarian S. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeNerve tissue alterations have rarely been quantified in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) patients. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anomalies of the sciatic and tibial nerves in CMT1A disease using quantitative neurography MRI. It was also intended to seek for correlations with clinical variables.MethodsQuantitative neurography MRI was used in order to assess differences in nerve volume, proton density and magnetization transfer ratio in the lower limbs of CMT1A patients and healthy controls. Disease severity was evaluated using the Charcot–Marie–Tooth Neuropathy Score version 2, Charcot–Marie–Tooth examination scores and Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale scores. Electrophysiological measurements were performed in order to assess the compound motor action potential and the Motor Unit Number Index. Clinical impairment was evaluated using muscle strength measurements and Charcot–Marie–Tooth examination scores.ResultsA total of 32 CMT1A patients were enrolled and compared to 13 healthy subjects. The 3D nerve volume, magnetization transfer ratio and proton density were significantly different in CMT1A patients for the whole sciatic and tibial nerve volume. The sciatic nerve volume was significantly correlated with the whole set of clinical scores whereas no correlation was found between the tibial nerve volume and the clinical scores.ConclusionNerve injury could be quantified in vivo using quantitative neurography MRI and the corresponding biomarkers were correlated with clinical disability in CMT1A patients. The sensitivity of the selected metrics will have to be assessed through repeated measurements over time during longitudinal studies to evaluate structural nerve changes under treatment.
Drainage increases CO2 and N2O emissions from tropical peat soils
Authors: Prananto Jeremy Aditya , Minasny Budiman , Comeau Louis‐Pierre , Rudiyanto Rudiyanto , Grace Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTropical peatlands are vital ecosystems that play an important role in global carbon storage and cycles. Current estimates of greenhouse gases from these peatlands are uncertain as emissions vary with environmental conditions. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of managed and natural tropical peatland GHG fluxes: heterotrophic (i.e. soil respiration without roots), total CO2 respiration rates, CH4 and N2O fluxes. The study documents studies that measure GHG fluxes from the soil (n = 372) from various land uses, groundwater levels and environmental conditions. We found that total soil respiration was larger in managed peat ecosystems (median = 52.3 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1) than in natural forest (median = 35.9 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1). Groundwater level had a stronger effect on soil CO2 emission than land use. Every 100 mm drop of groundwater level caused an increase of 5.1 and 3.7 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1 for plantation and cropping land use, respectively. Where groundwater is deep (≥0.5 m), heterotrophic respiration constituted 84% of the total emissions. N2O emissions were significantly larger at deeper groundwater levels, where every drop in 100 mm of groundwater level resulted in an exponential emission increase (exp(0.7) kg N ha−1 year−1). Deeper groundwater levels induced high N2O emissions, which constitute about 15% of total GHG emissions. CH4 emissions were large where groundwater is shallow; however, they were substantially smaller than other GHG emissions. When compared to temperate and boreal peatland soils, tropical peatlands had, on average, double the CO2 emissions. Surprisingly, the CO2 emission rates in tropical peatlands were in the same magnitude as tropical mineral soils. This comprehensive analysis provides a great understanding of the GHG dynamics within tropical peat soils that can be used as a guide for policymakers to create suitable programmes to manage the sustainability of peatlands effectively.
Climate change impacts on long‐term forest productivity might be driven by species turnover rather than by changes in tree growth
Authors: García‐Valdés Raúl , Estrada Alba , Early Regan , Lehsten Veiko , Morin Xavier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimClimate change impacts forest functioning and services through two inter‐related effects. First, it impacts tree growth, with effects, for example, on biomass production. Second, climate change also reshuffles community composition, with further effects on forest functioning. However, the relative importance of these two effects has rarely been studied. Here, we developed a new modelling approach to investigate these relative importances for forest productivity.LocationEleven forest sites in central Europe.Time periodHistorical (1990) and end‐of‐21st‐century climate‐like conditions. We simulated 2,000 years of forest dynamics for each set of conditions.Major taxa studiedTwenty‐five common tree species in European temperate forests.MethodsWe coupled species distribution models and a forest succession model, working at complementary spatial and temporal scales, to simulate the climatic filtering that shapes potential tree species pools, the biotic filtering that shapes realized communities and the functioning of these realized communities in the long‐term.ResultsUnder an average temperature increase (relative to 1901–1990) of between 1.5 and 1.7 °C, changes in simulated forest productivity were caused mostly by changes in the growth of persisting tree species. With an average temperature increase of 3.6–4.0 °C, changes in simulated productivity at sites that currently have a mild climate were again caused predominantly by changes in tree species growth. However, at the warmest and coldest sites, changes in productivity were related mostly to shifts in species composition. In general, at the coldest sites, forest productivity is likely to be enhanced by climate change, whereas at the warmest sites the productivity might increase or decrease depending on the future precipitation regime.Main conclusionsA combination of two complementary modelling approaches that address questions at the interface between biogeography, community ecology and ecosystem functioning, reveals that climate change‐driven community reshuffling in the long term might be crucially important for ecosystem functioning.
Effectiveness of an oral health education programme for older adults using a workbook
Authors: Lee Kyeong Hee , Choi Yoon Young , Jung Eun Seo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of an oral health education programme utilising a workbook for people aged 65 years or older.Materials and MethodsA pre–post quasi‐experimental design was used to verify the effectiveness of an oral health education programme using a workbook. Oral health education was provided once a week for 5 weeks from May to June 2019. Intervention group I only received lectures on oral health education, while intervention group II reviewed the content using the workbook immediately after the lecture. Chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test and a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to compare differences among the three groups; a paired t test was also carried out to identify the changes before and after the programme.ResultsIntervention group I showed a significant increase of 3.52 on oral health knowledge and 3.47 on oral health recognition, while exhibiting a significant decrease of 0.21 on the O’Leary index and 0.69 on the tongue coating index. Intervention group II depicted a significant increase of 4.48 on oral health knowledge and 3.97 on oral health recognition and a significant decrease of 0.32 on the O’Leary index and 2.10 on the tongue coating index.ConclusionsThe oral health education programme using the workbook increased knowledge and recognition of oral health and lowered the O’Leary and tongue coating indexes. Hence, the use of a workbook may facilitate the effectiveness of oral health education for older people.
Field Tracer Tests to Evaluate Transport Properties of Tryptophan and Humic Acid in Karst
Authors: Frank Simon , Goeppert Nadine , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe monitoring of water quality, especially of karst springs, requires methods for rapidly estimating and quantifying parameters that indicate contamination. In the last few years, fluorescence‐based measurements of tryptophan and humic acid have become a promising tool to assess water quality in near real‐time. In this study, we conducted comparative tracer tests in a karst experimental site to investigate the transport properties and behavior of tryptophan and humic acid in a natural karst aquifer. These two tracers were compared with the conservative tracer uranine. Fluorescence measurements were conducted with an online field fluorometer and in the laboratory. The obtained breakthrough curves (BTCs) and the modeling results demonstrate that (1) the online field fluorometer is suitable for real‐time fluorescence measurements of all three tracers; (2) the transport parameters obtained for uranine, tryptophan, and humic acid are comparable in the fast flow areas of the karst system; (3) the transport velocities of humic acid are slower and the resulting residence times are accordingly higher, compared to uranine and tryptophan, in the slower and longer flow paths; (4) the obtained BTCs reveal additional information about the investigated karst system. As a conclusion, the experiments show that the transport properties of tryptophan are similar to those of uranine while humic acid is partly transported slower and with retardation. These findings allow a better and quantitative interpretation of the results when these substances are used as natural fecal and contamination indicators.