bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy holographic QCD
Authors: Kovensky Nicolas , Schmitt Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the phase structure of the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model in the plane of temperature and baryon chemical potential, including the effect of a nonzero current quark mass. Our study is performed in the decompactified limit of the model, which, at least regarding the chiral phase transition, appears to be closer to real-world QCD than the original version. Following earlier studies, we account for the quark mass in an effective way based on an open Wilson line operator whose expectation value is identified with the chiral condensate. We find that the quark mass stabilizes a configuration with string sources and point out that this phase plays an important role in the phase diagram. Furthermore, we show that the quark mass breaks up the first-order chiral phase transition curve and introduces critical points to the phase diagram. Similarities of the phase structure to other holographic approaches and to lattice simulations of “heavy QCD” are found and discussed. By making holographic QCD more realistic, our results open the door to a better understanding of real-world strongly coupled hot and dense matter.
One-Dimensional Schrödinger Operators with Complex Potentials
Authors: Dereziński Jan , Georgescu Vladimir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe discuss realizations of$$L:=-\partial _x^2+V(x)$$L:=-∂x2+V(x)as closed operators on$$L^2]a,b[$$L2]a,b[, whereVis complex, locally integrable and may have an arbitrary behavior at (finite or infinite) endpointsaandb. The main tool of our analysis is Green’s operators, that is, various right inverses ofL.
Bacterial community composition and function along spatiotemporal connectivity gradients in the Danube floodplain (Vienna, Austria)
Authors: Mayr Magdalena J. , Besemer Katharina , Sieczko Anna , Demeter Katalin , Peduzzi Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is well recognized that river-floodplain systems contribute significantly to riverine ecosystem metabolism, and that bacteria are key players in the aquatic organic carbon cycle, but surprisingly few studies have linked bacterial community composition (BCC), function and carbon quality in these hydrologically highly dynamic habitats. We investigated aquatic BCC and extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) related to dissolved organic carbon quality and algae composition, including the impact of a major flood event in one of the last remaining European semi-natural floodplain-systems. We found that surface connectivity of floodplain pools homogenizes BCC and EEA, whereas low connectivity led to increased BCC and EEA heterogeneity, supported by their relationship to electrical conductivity, an excellent indicator for surface connection strength. Hydrogeochemical parameters best explained variation of both BCC and EEA, while the algal community and chromophoric DOM properties explained only minor fractions of BCC variation. We conclude that intermittent surface connectivity and especially permanent isolation of floodplain pools from the main river channel may severely alter BCC and EEA, with potential consequences for nutrient cycling, ecological services and greenhouse gas emissions. Disentangling microbial structure–function coupling is therefore crucial, if we are to understand and predict the consequences of human alterations on these dynamic systems.
Messung der körperlichen Fitness in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie – Methoden, Qualitätssicherung und erste deskriptive Ergebnisse
Authors: Kluttig Alexander , Zschocke Johannes , Haerting Johannes , Schmermund Axel , Gastell Sylvia , Steindorf Karen , Herbolsheimer Florian , Hillreiner Andrea , Jochem Carmen , Baumeister Sebastian , Sprengeler Ole , Pischon Tobias , Jaeschke Lina , Michels Karin B. , Krist Lilian , Greiser Halina , Schmidt Gerhard , Lieb Wolfgang , Waniek Sabina , Becher Heiko , Jagodzinski Annika , Schipf Sabine , Völzke Henry , Ahrens Wolfgang , Günther Kathrin , Castell Stefanie , Kemmling Yvonne , Legath Nicole , Berger Klaus , Keil Thomas , Fricke Julia , Schulze Matthias B. , Loeffler Markus , Wirkner Kerstin , Kuß Oliver , Schikowski Tamara , Kalinowski Sonja , Stang Andreas , Kaaks Rudolf , Damms Machado Antje , Hoffmeister Michael , Weber Barbara , Franzke Claus-Werner , Thierry Sigrid , Peters Anette , Kartschmit Nadja , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Fischer Beate , Leitzmann Michael , Brandes Mirko 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie körperliche Fitness ist das Maß für die individuelle Fähigkeit, körperlich aktiv zu sein. Ihre wesentlichen Komponenten sind die kardiorespiratorische Fitness (Cardiorespiratory Fitness, CRF), die Muskelkraft und die Beweglichkeit. Neben der körperlichen Aktivität ist die körperliche Fitness ein wesentlicher Prädiktor für Morbidität und Mortalität.Ziel der Arbeit sind die Beschreibung der Erhebungsmethoden körperlicher Fitness in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie und die Darstellung erster deskriptiver Ergebnisse.In der NAKO-Basiserhebung wurden die maximale Handgreifkraft (Grip Strength, GS) und die CRF als Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness über ein Handdynamometer bzw. über einen Fahrradergometertest mit submaximaler Belastung erhoben. Daraus wurde die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2max) zur Beurteilung der CRF abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse von insgesamt 99.068 GS-Messungen und 3094 Messungen der CRF beruhen auf einem Datensatz zur Halbzeit der Basiserhebung der NAKO (Alter 20–73 Jahre, 47 % Männer).Männer zeigten im Vergleich zu Frauen höhere Werte der körperlichen Fitness (Männer: GS = 47,8 kg, VO2max = 36,4 ml·min−1 · kg−1; Frauen: GS = 29,9 kg, VO2max = 32,3 ml·min−1 · kg−1). Ungefähr ab dem 50. Lebensjahr konnte ein Rückgang der GS verzeichnet werden, wohingegen die CRF ab der Altersgruppe 20–29 Jahre bis zu den ≥60-Jährigen kontinuierlich abfiel. Die GS und die VO2max zeigten nach Korrektur für das Körpergewicht einen linear positiven Zusammenhang (Männer β = 0,21; Frauen β = 0,35).Die Analysen zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung der Verteilung der körperlichen Fitness in der NAKO im Vergleich zu anderen bevölkerungsbasierten Studien. Zukünftige Auswertungen werden insbesondere die unabhängige Bedeutung der GS und CRF bei der Prädiktion von Morbidität und Mortalität beleuchten.
Improving Intraoperative Communication in Trauma: The Educational Effect of the Joint DSTC™–DATC™ Courses
Authors: Alexandrino Henrique , Baptista Sérgio , Vale Luís , Júnior José Hélio Zen , Espada Paulo César , Junior Danilo Stanzani , Vane Luiz Antonio , Carvalho Vanessa Henriques , Marcelo Lara , Madeira Filipa , Duarte Ricardo , Ferreira Luís , Pereira Jorge , Pinheiro Luís Filipe , Fraga Gustavo Pereira , Mesquita Carlos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOperative management of severe trauma requires excellent communication among team members. The surgeon and anesthesiologist need to interact efficiently, exchanging vital information. The Definitive Surgical Trauma Care (DSTC) and Definitive Anesthesia Trauma Care (DATC) courses provide an excellent opportunity for teamwork training. Our goal was to study the impact of the joint DSTC–DATC courses in candidates’ self‐reported assessment in communication skills and techniques in a simulated intraoperative trauma scenario.MethodsStudy population consists of 93 candidates (67 surgeons and 26 anesthesiologists) participating in four consecutive joint DSTC–DATC courses in May and June 2019 in Brazil (3) and in Portugal (1). Median age was 30 years; 53 (60%) of subjects were male (46 senior residents and 47 specialists). All participants attended joint lectures, case discussions and surgical skills session, emphasizing intraoperative communication. Post‐course survey on several aspects of perioperative communication (responses on a Likert scale) was conducted with participants being asked which aspects of intraoperative communication they valued the most.ResultsAll participants responded to the survey. Results displayed an increase in the self‐assessed importance of team briefing and intraoperative communication, particularly routine periodic communication, rather than only at critical moments. Postoperative team debriefing was also valued as highly relevant. Closed‐loop and direct, by‐name communication were highly rated. Self‐reported communication skills improved significantly during the course.ConclusionsJoint training in the DSTC–DATC courses improved candidates’ perception and skills on proficient intraoperative communication. Further studies should address both the durability of these changes and the potential impact on patient care.
Bedeutung von Instagram und Fitspiration-Bildern für die muskeldysmorphe Symptomatik
Authors: Schoenenberg Katrin , Martin Alexandra 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das männliche Körperideal unterscheidet sich von dem weiblichen durch eine Orientierung am muskulösen Körperbau. Diese Studie untersucht, inwiefern der Konsum von Instagram das Streben nach Muskulosität und muskeldysmorpher Symptomatik bei Männern vorhersagt. Darüber hinaus wird geprüft, ob relevante Mediatoren die Zusammenhänge in einer männlichen Stichprobe beeinflussen.

Methodik
Es wurden sportliche, Instagram nutzende Männer befragt (n = 203). Neben der Nutzungshäufigkeit von Instagram im Allgemeinen und der Betrachtung von Fitspiration-Bildern im Speziellen wurden das Streben nach Muskulosität, die Ausprägung muskeldysmorpher Symptomatik, die Tendenz zu aussehensbezogenen Vergleichen und die Internalisierung des medialen Schönheitsideals erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Gruppenvergleiche wiesen auf Unterschiede zwischen Männern, die zusätzlich Ballsport ausübten, zu solchen, die hauptsächlich Kraftsport trieben, hin. Die Internalisierung des medialen Schönheitsideals mediierte den Zusammenhang zwischen der allgemeinen und spezifischen Nutzungshäufigkeit von Instagram und dem Streben nach Muskulosität sowie der Ausprägung muskeldysmorpher Symptomatik.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse zeigen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Nutzungshäufigkeit von Instagram und Facetten des männlichen Körperbilds. Sie verdeutlichen ebenfalls die Bedeutung der Internalisierung des medialen Schönheitsideals bei der Nutzung sozialer Medien. Kraftsport ausübende Männer wiesen im Selbstbericht ein höheres Risiko für eine muskeldysmorphe Symptomatik auf. Die Nutzung sozialer Medien könnte im Rahmen einer muskeldysmorphen Störung eine aufrechterhaltende Funktion einnehmen.
Influence of field of view size on image quality: ultra-high-resolution CT vs. conventional high-resolution CT
Authors: Miyata Tomo , Yanagawa Masahiro , Hata Akinori , Honda Osamu , Yoshida Yuriko , Kikuchi Noriko , Tsubamoto Mitsuko , Tsukagoshi Shinsuke , Uranishi Ayumi , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study was conducted in order to compare the effect of field of view (FOV) size on image quality between ultra-high-resolution CT (U-HRCT) and conventional high-resolution CT (HRCT).

Methods
Eleven cadaveric lungs were scanned with U-HRCT and conventional HRCT and reconstructed with five FOVs (40, 80, 160, 240, and 320 mm). Three radiologists evaluated and scored the images. Three image evaluations were performed, comparing the image quality with the five FOVs with respect to the 160-mm FOV. The first evaluation was performed on conventional HRCT images, and the second evaluation on U-HRCT images. Images were scored on normal structure, abnormal findings, and overall image quality. The third evaluation was a comparison of the images obtained with conventional HRCT and U-HRCT, with scoring performed on overall image quality. Quantitative evaluation of noise was performed by setting ROIs.

Results
In conventional HRCT, image quality was improved when the FOV was reduced to 160 mm. In U-HRCT, image quality, except for noise, improved when the FOV was reduced to 80 mm. In the third evaluation, overall image quality was improved in U-HRCT over conventional HRCT at all FOVs. Noise of U-HRCT increased with respect to conventional HRCT when the FOV was reduced from 160 to 40 mm. However, at 240- and 320-mm FOVs, the noise of U-HRCT and conventional HRCT showed no differences.

Conclusions
In conventional HRCT, image quality did not improve when the FOV was reduced below 160 mm. However, in U-HRCT, image quality improved even when the FOV was reduced to 80 mm.

Key Points
• Reducing the size of the field of view to 160 mm improves diagnostic imaging quality in high-resolution CT.
• In ultra-high-resolution CT, improvements in image quality can be obtained by reducing the size of the field of view to 80 mm.
• Ultra-high-resolution CT produces images of higher quality compared with conventional HRCT irrespective of the size of the field of view.
Objectivation of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) data: turn number vs. qualitative analysis
Authors: Kneisz Lukas , Volk Gerd Fabian , Mayr Winfried , Leonhard Matthias , Pototschnig Claus , Schneider-Stickler Berit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This paper describes a first attempt to quantify LEMG data based on turn number calculation. The results obtained for both healthy and ailing thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles of patients with unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) were compared with the respective qualitative evaluation concerning volitional activity to determine whether the two types of analyses deliver similar results.

Methods
LEMG data obtained from 44 adults with UVFI were considered for the study. Semiquantitative evaluation of TA volitional activity and turn number were assessed for the ailing and the healthy TA and the difference in percentage was calculated. Paired data were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The volitional activity assessment and the turn number evaluation were compared with the Kruskal–Wallis test, and their relationship was tested with the Kendall rank correlation.

Results
Datasets of 27 patients were considered compatible with turns/s calculation. The results showed that complete paralysis correlated with no turns; single fiber volitional activity with 62–208 turns/s, strongly decreased volitional activity with 198–501 turns/s; and dense volitional activity with 441–1234 turns/s. On the ailing VF only, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001), and the Kendall rank correlation a positive relationship (r = 0.853,p ≤ 0.0001) between the volitional activity rating and the turn number assessment.

Conclusions
Our preliminary results showed that turn number evaluation is an effective tool to confirm LEMG qualitative analysis, and that, in combination with laryngostroboscopy and voice assessment, can help improving the accuracy of the diagnosis and prognosis and the effectiveness of the chosen therapy.
Word learning reveals white matter plasticity in preschool children
Authors: Ekerdt Clara E. M. , Kühn Clara , Anwander Alfred , Brauer Jens , Friederici Angela D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWord learning plays a central role in language development and is a key predictor for later academic success. The underlying neural basis of successful word learning in children is still unknown. Here, we took advantage of the opportunity afforded by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural plasticity in the white matter of typically developing preschool children as they learn words. We demonstrate that after 3 weeks of word learning, children showed significantly larger increases of fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left precentral white matter compared to two control groups. Average training accuracy was correlated with FA change in the white matter underlying the left dorsal postcentral gyrus, with children who learned more slowly showing larger FA increases in this region. Moreover, we found that the status of white matter in the left middle temporal gyrus, assumed to support semantic processes, is predictive for early stages of word learning. Our findings provide the first evidence for white matter plasticity following word learning in preschool children. The present results on learning novel words in children point to a key involvement of the left fronto-parietal fiber connection, known to be implicated in top-down attention as well as working memory. While working memory and attention have been discussed to participate in word learning in children, our training study provides evidence that the neural structure supporting these cognitive processes plays a direct role in word learning.
Microbiota changes associated with ADNP deficiencies: rapid indicators for NAP (CP201) treatment of the ADNP syndrome and beyond
Authors: Kapitansky Oxana , Giladi Eliezer , Jaljuli Iman , Bereswill Stefan , Heimesaat Markus M. , Gozes Illana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractActivity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) and its protein snippet NAP (drug candidate CP201) regulate synapse formation and cognitive as well as behavioral functions, in part, through microtubule interaction. Given potential interactions between the microbiome and brain function, we now investigated the potential effects of the ADNP-deficient genotype, mimicking the ADNP syndrome on microbiota composition in the Adnp+/– mouse model. We have discovered a surprising robust sexually dichotomized Adnp genotype effect and correction by NAP (CP201) as follows. Most of the commensal bacterial microbiota tested were affected by the Adnp genotype and corrected by NAP treatment in a male sex-dependent manner. The following list includes all the bacterial groups tested—labeled in bold are male Adnp—genotype increased and corrected (decreased) by NAP. (1) Eubacteriaceae (EubV3), (2) Enterobacteriaceae (Entero), (3) Enterococcus genus (gEncocc), (4) Lactobacillus group (Lacto), (5) Bifidobacterium genus (BIF), (6) Bacteroides/Prevotella species (Bac), (7) Clostridium coccoides group (Coer), (8) Clostridium leptum group (Cluster IV, sgClep), and (9) Mouse intestinal Bacteroides (MIB). No similarities were found between males and females regarding sex- and genotype-dependent microbiota distributions. Furthermore, a female Adnp+/– genotype associated decrease (contrasting male increase) was observed in the Lactobacillus group (Lacto). Significant correlations were discovered between specific bacterial group loads and open-field behavior as well as social recognition behaviors. In summary, we discovered ADNP deficiency associated changes in commensal gut microbiota compositions, a sex-dependent biomarker for the ADNP syndrome and beyond. Strikingly, we discovered rapidly detected NAP (CP201) treatment-dependent biomarkers within the gut microbiota.
Effects of Extreme Disturbance Events: From Ecesis to Social–Ecological–Technological Systems
Authors: Lugo Ariel E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEcologists addressed the effects of disturbances from the onset of the field by focusing on ecesis, which is the process by which organisms migrate and establish under the environmental conditions created by disturbances. Ecesis is the onset of succession, a self-organizing process whose nature, speed, and outcome depend in part on the outcomes of ecesis and the residual legacies remaining after disturbances. A by-product of succession after a disturbance is the reorganization of species dominance, or novelty. The degree of novelty in the outcome increases with the severity of the disturbance event. Initially, ecologists focused mostly on non-anthropogenic disturbances, but as human activity intensified and became a global force, more attention was given to the effects of anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystems. Today, anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic disturbances and their interactions are increasingly affecting ecosystems, particularly those exposed to extreme disturbance events. Extreme disturbance events are complex and low probability events composed of several disturbance forces that individually and in synergy affect different sectors of ecosystems, including the conditions that drive ecesis. I review the literature on disturbance research including the effects of extreme disturbance events on social–ecological–technological systems (SETSs). A SETS is an ecosystem defined by the flow and accumulation of energy through the medium of organisms, constructed infrastructure, institutions, and their environment. Human intentions, values, and capacities are part of the functioning of SETS, and they can drive ecological processes as do non-anthropogenic forces. Moreover, human-directed activities after an extreme disturbance event affect whole landscapes. The passage of hurricane María over the Puerto Rico SETS established that extreme disturbance events are of such power and complexity that they can influence the level and kind of relationship between humans and the environment, including the structure and species composition of the ecological systems within SETS. However, extreme disturbance events such as hurricanes have not changed the successional trajectory originally impulsed by anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, the species composition and functioning of novel forests in Puerto Rico are tied to economic activity in the social and technological sectors of SETS. It is no longer possible to interpret ecosystem functioning without considering the synergy between anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic extreme disturbances.
Water quality changes and organic matter removal using natural bank infiltration at a boreal lake in Finland
Authors: Jylhä-Ollila M. , Laine-Kaulio H. , Niinikoski-Fusswinkel P. , Leveinen J. , Koivusalo H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) refers to intentional infiltration of surface water to an aquifer for facilitating natural water treatment and storage. MAR is often used as a treatment to remove natural organic matter from water in drinking water production. The sustainability of MAR depends on how the aquifer capacity to remove organic matter will evolve over the long term. This report explores the behavior of MAR systems by using a natural lake–aquifer system as a surrogate. Natural infiltration of lake water to groundwater has been going on for millennia at the research site in Finland chosen for this study. According to the measurements, the mean concentration of total organic carbon (TOC) in lake water was 3.0 mg/L. Within the distance of 3 m from the lake bank (retention time 7–15 days), already 46% of TOC was removed. At greater distances along the flow paths within the aquifer, 80–90% of TOC was removed. The observed TOC removal in the aquifer was slightly higher than the reported values at MAR sites, indicating that MAR can be an effective solution to the problem of removing natural organic matter in the long term. Signs of accumulation of organic matter were not observed in the aquifer, which suggests that biodegradation was the main removal method, and the role of sorption was minor. Several processes had an impact on oxygen levels in the aquifer, which led to spatial and seasonal changes in the redox conditions and in the iron and manganese concentrations in groundwater.