bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication Adherence Support of an in-home Electronic Medication Dispensing System for Individuals Living With Chronic Conditions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arain Mubashir , Ahmad Armghan , Chiu Venus , Kembel Lorena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Medication adherence is challenging for older adults due to factors, such as the number of medications, dosing schedule, and the duration of drug therapy. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an in-home electronic medication dispensing system (MDS) on improving medication adherence and health perception in older adults with chronic conditions.Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was conducted using a two-arm parallel assignment model. The intervention group used an MDS as their medication management method. The control group continued to use their current methods of medication management. Block randomization was used to assign participants into the intervention or control group. The inclusion criteria included 1) English speaking 2) age 50 and over 3) diagnosed with one or more chronic condition(s) 4) currently taking five or more oral medications 5) City of Calgary resident. Participants were recruited from a primary care clinic in Alberta, Canada. The study was open label where knowledge about group assigned to participants after randomization was not withheld. Medication adherence was captured over a continuous, six-month period and analyzed using Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analysis.Results: A total of 91 participants were assessed for eligibility and 50 were randomized into the two groups. The number of participants analyzed for ITT was 23 and 25 in the intervention and control group, respectively. Most of the demographic characteristics were comparable in the two groups except mean age of the intervention group, which was higher compared to the control group (63.96±7.86 versus 59.52±5.93, p-value=0.03). The average recorded adherence over 26 weeks was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (98.35%±2.15% versus 91.17%±9.76%, p<0.01). The self-rated medication adherence in the intervention group also showed a significant increase from baseline to 6-month (7.63±1.63 versus 9.13±0.81, p<0.01). The control group showed a non-significant increase (7.20±1.74 versus 8.27±2.09, p=0.07).Conclusion: MDS can be an effective, long-term solution to medication non-adherence in older adults experiencing chronic conditions and taking multiple medications. The technology induces better consistency and improvement in medication taking behaviour than simple, non-technological intervention.Trial Registration: Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on April 09, 2020 with identifier NCT04339296.
Helicobacter pylori regulates ILK signaling pathways to influence autophagy in gastric epithelial cells
Authors: Xu Zheng , Du Yunqiu , Zhang Ruiqing , Tong Xiaohan , Li Boqing , Wu Yulong , Ji Xiaofei , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe ability of Helicobacter pylori to manipulate host autophagy is an important pathogenic mechanism.ResultsWe found a negative correlation between the expression of ILK and the autophagy marker protein LC3B in H. pylori-positive human samples and in H. pylori-infected GES-1 cell lines. There was a significant accumulation of autophagosomes in ILK-knockdown GES-1 cells, and the expression levels of both LC3B and p62 were also increased. Here, we showed the activities of Rac1 and RhoA were decreased in H. pylori-infected GES-1 cells and ILK-knockdown GES-1 cells. Inhibition of Rac1 and RhoA increased LC3B levels and autophagosome formation in GES-1 cells after H. pylori infection. Simultaneously, H. pylori infection activated downstream signal molecules of Rac1 (PAK1, LIMK1 and cofilin) and RhoA (ROCK1, ROCK2 and LIMK1 and cofilin).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that H. pylori regulated autophagy through ILK/Rac1 and ILK/RhoA signaling pathways in gastric epithelial cells.
Prognostic value of ST2 for MACEs and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease during a long-term follow up
Authors: Li Man , Duan Lei , Cai Yulun , Hao Benchuan , Chen Jianqiao , Li Huiying , Liu Hongbin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Suppression of tumorigenesis-2 is implicated in the myocardial overload and it was long been recognized as an inflammation marker related to heart failure and acute coronary syndromes, but the data on prognostic value of suppression of tumorigenesis-2 on patients with coronary artery disease remains limited. The study ought to investigate the prognostic value of suppression of tumorigenesis-2 in patients with established coronary artery disease.Methods: In this prospective cohort study, a total of 3641 consecutive patients were included. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular events. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates indicated that the patients with higher levels of ST2 (ST2> 19 ng/ml) had a significantly increased risk of MACEs (log-rank p＜0.001) and all-cause death (log-rank p＜0.001). The secondary end point was all-cause death. The association between suppression of tumorigenesis-2 and outcomes was investigated using multivariable COX regression.Results: During a median follow up of 6.4 years, there were 775 patients had the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events and 275 patients died. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates indicated that the patients with higher levels of ST2 (ST2> 19 ng/ml) had a significantly increased risk of MACEs (log-rank p＜0.001) and all-cause death (log-rank p＜0.001). Multiple COX regression models showed that higher level of suppression of tumorigenesis-2 was an independent predictor in developing major adverse cardiovascular events (HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.56, p＜0.001) and all-cause death (HR=2.01, 95%CI 1.56-2.59, p＜0.001). The addition of suppression of tumorigenesis-2 to established risk factors significantly improved risk prediction of the composite outcome of major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause death (c-statistic, net reclassification index, and integrated discrimination improvement, all p＜0.05).Conclusions: Higher level of suppression of tumorigenesis-2 is significantly associated with long-term all-cause death and major adverse cardiovascular events. Suppression of tumorigenesis-2 may provide incremental prognostic value beyond traditional risk factors.
Dietary Protein is the Strong Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease; A Data Mining Approach
Authors: Soflaei Sara Saffar , Shamsara Elham , Sahranavard Toktam , Esmaily Habibollah , Moohebati Mohsen , Shabani Niloofar , Asadi Zahra , Tajfard Mohammad , Ferns Gordon A , Mobarhan Majid Ghayour 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds and aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Diet is known to contribute to CAD risk, and the dietary intake of specific macro- or micro-nutrients might be potential predictors of CAD risk. Machine learning methods may be helpful in the analysis of the contribution of several parameters in dietary including macro- and micro-nutrients to CAD risk. Here we aimed to determine the most important dietary factors for predicting CAD.Methods: Total 273 cases with more than 50% obstruction in at least one coronary artery and 443 healthy controls who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were entered into the study. All dietary intakes were adjusted for energy intake. QUEST method was applied to determine the diagnosis pattern of CAD.Results: Total 34 dietary variables obtained from FFQ were entered the study that 23 of these variables were significantly associated with CAD according to t-test. Out of 23 dietary input variables adjusted protein, manganese, biotin, zinc and cholesterol remained in the model. According to our tree, only protein intake could identify the patients with coronary artery stenosis according to angiography from healthy participant up to 80%. Manganese dietary intake was the second important variable after protein. The accuracy of the tree was 84.36% for training dataset and 82.94% for testing dataset.Conclusion: Among different macro- and micro-nutrients in the dietary, a combination of protein, manganese, biotin, zinc and cholesterol could predict the presence of CAD.
Structural basis for the mechanisms of human presequence protease conformational switch and substrate recognition
Authors: Liang Wenguang , wijaya Juwina , Wei Hui , Noble Alex , Mo Swansea , Lee David , Mancl Jordan , King John Lin , Pan Man , Liu chang , Koehler Carla , Zhao Minglei , Potter Clinton , Carragher Bridget , Li Sheng , Tang Wei-Jen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Presequence protease (PreP), a 117 kDa mitochondrial M16C metalloprotease vital for mitochondrial proteostasis, degrades presequence peptides cleaved off from nuclear-encoded proteins and other aggregation-prone peptides, such as amyloid β (Aβ). PreP structures have only been determined in a closed conformation; thus, the mechanisms of substrate binding and selectivity remain elusive. Here, we leverage advanced vitrification techniques to overcome the preferential denaturation of one of two ~55 kDa homologous domains of PreP caused by air-water interface adsorption, and thereby elucidate cryoEM structures of three apo-PreP open states along with Aβ- and citrate synthase presequence-bound PreP at 3.3 Å-4.6 Å resolution. Together with integrative biophysical and pharmacological approaches, these structures reveal the key stages of the PreP catalytic cycle and how the binding of substrates or PreP inhibitor drives the rigid body motion of the protein for substrate binding and catalysis. Together, our studies provide key mechanistic insights into M16C metalloproteases for future therapeutic innovations.
Serum tRNA-derived small RNAs as potential novel diagnostic biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xue Meilin , Shi Minmin , Xie Junjie , Zhang Jun , Jiang Lingxi , Deng Xiaxing , Peng Chenghong , Shen Baiyong , Xu Hong , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal common cancer because of late diagnosis. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are novel small RNAs might serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and participate in diverse physiological and pathological process. We investigated whether the expression of tsRNAs in serum could be a noninvasive method in the early diagnosis of PDAC.Methods Blood sample of PDAC patients and healthy controls were collected from Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China. Tumor and adjacent normal pancreas tissues were collected from 51 patients with PDAC undergoing therapeutic surgery. The testing cohort comprised 6 PDAC patients and 6 healthy controls and the expression of small RNAs in serum was analyzed by small RNA sequence. We verified the diagnostic performance of serum tsRNAs by qPCR in validation cohort including 110 PDAC patients and 100 healthy controls. Expression level of tsRNAs in tissue was also verified in another independent cohort including 51 tumor and 51 adjacent normal pancreas tissues. Unpaired t-test and paired t-test are used for comparing depending on whether the samples are paired. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine diagnostic accuracy.Results There were 45 tsRNAs expressed at remarkably higher levels, 6 tsRNAs expressed at lower levels in PDAC patients, respectively, compared with healthy volunteers. tsRNA-ValTAC-41, tsRNA-MetCAT-37 and tsRNA-ThrTGT-23 expressed significant highly (P<0.05) in serum of PDAC patients in validation cohort. tsRNA-ValTAC-41 or tsRNA-MetCAT-37 combined with CA19-9 could increase the AUC of PDAC prediction (AUC=0.947 and 0.949 respectively), relative to CA19-9 test alone. Besides, tsRNA-ValTAC-41 expressed at remarkably higher level in tumor tissue, and it was obviously associated with tumor staging both in serum and tissue.Conclusions We provide tsRNAs profiles observed by small RNA sequencing. The diagnostic accuracy of tsRNA-ValTAC-41 and tsRNA-MetCAT-37 in serum of PDAC patients were verified. Further studies for tsRNA-ValTAC-41 are needed to confirm the findings. These tsRNAs may be promising and effective candidates in the development of highly sensitive, noninvasive biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis.
Determinants of growth monitoring and promotion service utilization among children 0-23 months of age in Northern Ethiopia: Unmatched case control study
Authors: Chanie Samuel Dagne , Yimam Jemal Aliyu , Antigegn Yonatan Menber , Mengistie Yosef Wassihun , Bayabel Netsanet Fentahun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Back groundChild malnutrition is one of the world’s public health problems. Promotion of child growth and development is one of the health priorities to control child mortality and poverty reduction. One of the strategies to promote child health is growth monitoring and promotion services. But, there is limited information on determinants of Growth Monitoring and Promotion service utilization.ObjectiveTo identify determinants of growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) service utilization among children 0–23 months of age in Legambo district, South Wollo zone, Northern Ethiopia, 2020.MethodsCommunity based un-matched case control study was conducted on 363 (91 cases and 272 controls) study participants from March 15 to April 15, 2020.. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select the study participants.. Data were collected by using interviewer administered questionnaire and entered in to Epi data and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was estimated to identify determinants of GMP service utilization.ResultsGood maternal knowledge (AOR) = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.75), mother with favorable attitude (AOR = 2.45; 95% CI; 1.20, 4.98), counseling on GMP (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI; 1.19, 4.56), Attending ante natal care services (AOR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.18, 5.16), index child age 12–17 months(AOR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.26, 9.41) and 18–23 months (AOR = 4.38; 95% CI: 1.53, 12.49), and short distance to health facilities (AOR = 4.53; 95% CI; 1.99, 10.28) were determinants of GMP service utilization.Conclusions and recommendationIndex child age, good knowledge, favorable attitude, attending ante natal care services, receiving nutritional counseling and short distance to health facility were determinants of GMP service utilization. Nutritional interventions should emphasis nutritional counseling, utilization of ANC service and accessibility of growth monitoring and promotion service to improve growth monitoring and promotion service utilization and reduce malnutrition in EthiopiaTrial registrationNo applicable
Respiratory microbiome profiles differ by recent hospitalization and nursing home residence in patients on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Baek Min-gyung , Woo Seongji , Kim Nam-Eun , Baek Chaeyun , Won Sungho , Kim Youngmi , Lee Jae Jun , Yi Hana , Hong Ji Young 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a heterogeneous disease. We redefined nursing-home- and hospital-associated infections (NHAI) group by revising existing HCAP risk factors. The NHAI group comprised nursing home residents with a poor functional status, or recent (past 90 days) hospitalization or recent (past 180 days) antibiotic therapy. Our aim was to determine whether respiratory microbiota profiles are related to newly defined NHAI group in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.Methods: The 180 endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) from 60 mechanically ventilated ICU patients (NHAI group, n = 24; non-NHAI group, n = 36) were prospectively collected on days 1, 3 and 7 in a university hospital. The bacterial community profiles of the ETAs were explored by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A phylogenetic-tree-based microbiome association test (TMAT), generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), the Wilcoxon test and the reference frame method were used to analyze the association between microbiome abundance and disease phenotype.Results: The relative abundance of the genus Corynebacterium was significantly higher in the pneumonia than in the non-pneumonia group. The microbiome analysis revealed significantly lower α-diversity in the NHAI group than in the non-NHAI group. In the analysis of β-diversity, the structure of the microbiome also differed significantly between the two groups (weighted UniFrac distance, Adonis, P <0.001). The abundance of Corynebacterium was significantly higher, and the relative abundances of Granulicatella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Veillonella were significantly lower, in the NHAI group than in the non-NHAI group. Conclusions: The microbiota signature of the ETAs distinguished between patients with and without risk factors for NHAI. The lung microbiome may serve as a therapeutic target for NHAI group.
Photosynthetic analysis of mid-vein and leaf lamina in high-yield hybrid rice in fields during senescence
Authors: Gao Zhiping , Xu Minli , Zhang Haizi , Chen Guoxiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Previous studies on rice (Oryza sativa L.) have shown that different components of the photosynthetic apparatus are not uniformly synthesized or degraded during senescence. However, most of these senescence-related studies focused on leaf lamina, while few have addressed functional aspects on chloroplasts or leaf physiology. Here, we investigated the photosynthetic properties of the mid-vein and leaf lamina in a super high-yield hybrid rice (LYP9) during senescence. We found that assimilation and transpiration decreased more slowly in the mid-vein than in the lamina during senescence, suggesting more sustained photosynthesis in the mid-vein, as well as stronger heat dissipation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the mid-vein had a higher abundance of proteins involved with energy and lower levels of disease or defense-related proteins, suggesting that photosynthesis and energy metabolism were less affected by senescence in the mid-vein than in leaf lamina. In late senescence stage, the excess energy dissipation in the mid-vein through the xanthophyll cycle had a higher active photosynthetic capacity than in the leaf lamina, and we inferred that the mid-vein and leaf lamina of LYP9 rice aged heterogeneously. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of senescence and associated physiology of the rice mid-vein.
An Assessment of Wastewater Inventory and its Energy Potential: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Islam A K M Khabirul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Everyday considerable amount of wastewater is produced by each one of us. Developed country produce more wastewater than developing country. But disposing this wastewater into the environment is an expensive task and need heavy initial investment for that reason developing country only focus on water supply not on wastewater treatment considering it’s a burden and threatening the human health environment and climate change. Research shows that wastewater contain considerable amount kinetic and biochemical energy. But tapping energy from wastewater, proper inventory of national wastewater including type and characteristics of both industrial and municipal wastewater is essential which is presently absent in Bangladesh. In this paper, efforts have been taken firstly to estimate yearly total domestic as well as industrial wastewater production in Bangladesh based on reliable secondary data and monthly per capita income. Secondly, common, and emerging energy recovery technologies ideal for tapping energy from wastewater have been reviewed systematically and identified which are anaerobic digestion (AD) micro hydro powerplant (MHP), microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and microbial fuel cell (MFC). Finally, energy potential has been estimated basing on previous research outputs and with empirical formula. At the end barrier and overcoming strategy with important recommendation has been proposed for researchers and decision makers.Results: Estimated yearly domestic and industrial wastewater is 4.874 billion and 0.452 billion tons respectively. For energy estimation,10%-50% total wastewater has been considered. Calculation shows that, 10% wastewater can produce 2.41, 1829.09 and 1.97 GW energy yearly through AD, MHP, MEC and MFC technologies, respectively whereas 50% total wastewater can generate 9145.94 GW energy yearly by MHP only.Conclusion: Estimated quantity of produced wastewater and energy potentials from wastewater is based on secondary data. For more reliable estimation feasibility study may be conducted by the researchers supported by stakeholders. Both wastewater producers and treatment plant owners should have noble desire backed by governmental organizations will facilitate the process. Outcomes are very significant and optimistic and it is expected that this findings not only inspired researcher, wastewater operators and policy makers of Bangladesh but also other developing countries around the globe.
Young Woman With Sudden-onset Neck Pain and Quadriplegia: A Case Report
Authors: Ota Koshi , Ogawa Shoji , Fujii Kensuke , Oishi Yasuo , Oka Masahiro , Onishi Naoya , Ota Kanna , Sano Yohei , Yokoyama Hiroki , Takasu Akira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Sudden-onset quadriplegia is a neurologic emergency that requires immediate management. Anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) is rare, but can cause sudden-onset quadriplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential imaging modality for diagnosing ASAS.Case presentation: A 31-year-old woman without previous medical history was transferred to our facility for further workup of sudden-onset neck pain with quadriplegia. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) revealed hyperintense signals predominantly in grey matter with a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). These findings strongly suggested ASAS with spinal cord infarction. Edaravone, heparin, and aspirin with steroid pulse therapy was immediately initiated. Twelve days in an intensive care unit was required for dyspnea. Symptoms gradually resolved with rehabilitation, but the patient was wheelchair-bound without bladder control and was transferred to a rehabilitation facility on hospital day 48.Conclusion: A combination of DWI with ADC mapping of the spine should proceed as soon as possible to ensure appropriate management. Early treatment with edaravone, aspirin and steroid pulse therapy may prove beneficial for ASAS.