bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term clinical outcomes of a European training programme for robotic colorectal surgery
Authors: Panteleimonitis Sofoklis , Miskovic Danilo , Bissett-Amess Rachelle , Figueiredo Nuno , Turina Matthias , Spinoglio Giuseppe , Heald Richard J. , Parvaiz Amjad ,   On behalf of the EARCS Collaborative
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite there being a considerable amount of published studies on robotic colorectal surgery (RCS) over the last few years, there is a lack of evidence regarding RCS training pathways. This study examines the short-term clinical outcomes of an international RCS training programme (the European Academy of Robotic Colorectal Surgery—EARCS).

Methods
Consecutive cases from 26 European colorectal units who conducted RCS between 2014 and 2018 were included in this study. The baseline characteristics and short-term outcomes of cases performed by EARCS delegates during training were analysed and compared with cases performed by EARCS graduates and proctors.

Results
Data from 1130 RCS procedures were collected and classified into three cohort groups (323 training, 626 graduates and 181 proctors). The training cases conversion rate was 2.2% and R1 resection rate was 1.5%. The three groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics with the exception of malignant cases and rectal resections performed. With the exception of operative time, blood loss and hospital stay (training vs. graduate vs. proctor: operative time 302, 265, 255 min, p < 0.001; blood loss 50, 50, 30 ml, p < 0.001; hospital stay 7, 6, 6 days, p = 0.003), all remaining short-term outcomes (conversion, 30-day reoperation, 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality, clinical anastomotic leak, complications, R1 resection and lymph node yield) were comparable between the three groups.

Conclusions
Colorectal surgeons learning how to perform RCS under the EARCS-structured training pathway can safely achieve short-term clinical outcomes comparable to their trainers and overcome the learning process in a way that minimises patient harm.
Exploiting trap color to improve surveys of longhorn beetles
Authors: Cavaletto Giacomo , Faccoli Massimo , Marini Lorenzo , Spaethe Johannes , Giannone Filippo , Moino Simone , Rassati Davide 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLonghorn beetles are commonly moved among continents within wood packaging materials used in trades. Visual inspections carried out at points of entry often fail to detect exotic longhorn beetles as infested materials may have little or no sign of colonization. Black-colored traps baited with pheromones and host volatiles are thus used to improve chances of detection. Here we tested whether existing surveillance protocols for longhorn beetles can be further improved using trap colors different than black. Baited traps of eight different colors (i.e., grey, yellow, green, red, blue, brown, purple and black) were deployed in a randomized complete block design at 16 sites in northern Italy in 2019. A total of 6,001 individuals from 56 longhorn beetle species were trapped. In general, yellow and blue traps caught a significantly higher number of longhorn beetle species than black traps. In addition, trap color significantly affected species richness and abundance at the subfamily and species level, with mixed response mostly linked to the habit of visiting flowers for food. Flower-visiting longhorn beetles mainly exhibited clear preference for flower-related colors, i.e., yellow, green and blue, whereas non-flower-visiting species were more attracted by dark and long-wavelength-dominated colors, like red and brown. Our results clearly indicate that generic surveillance programs should not rely exclusively on black traps and that the use of more trap colors can strongly improve the chance of detecting native and exotic longhorn beetles potentially moved with trades.
The health and well-being effects of drought: assessing multi-stakeholder perspectives through narratives from the UK
Authors: Bryan Kimberly , Ward Sarah , Roberts Liz , White Mathew P. , Landeg Owen , Taylor Tim , McEwen Lindsey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe global literature on drought and health highlights a variety of health effects for people in developing countries where certain prevailing social, economic and environmental conditions increase their vulnerability especially with climate change. Despite increased focus on climate change, relatively less is known about the health-drought impacts in the developed country context. In the UK, where climate change–related risk of water shortages has been identified as a key area for action, there is need for better understanding of drought-health linkages. This paper assesses people’s narratives of drought on health and well-being in the UK using a source-receptor-impact framing. Stakeholder narratives indicate that drought can present perceived health and well-being effects through reduced water quantity, water quality, compromised hygiene and sanitation, food security, and air quality. Heatwave associated with drought was also identified as a source of health effects through heat and wildfire, and drought-related vectors. Drought was viewed as potentially attributing both negative and positive effects for physical and mental health, with emphasis on mental health. Health impacts were often complex and cross-sectoral in nature indicating the need for a management approach across several sectors that targets drought and health in risk assessment and adaptation planning processes. Two recurring themes in the UK narratives were the health consequences of drought for ‘at-risk’ groups and the need to target them, and that drought in a changing climate presented potential health implications for at-risk groups.
Disability and Household Welfare in Ghana: Costs and Correlates
Authors: Asuman Derek , Ackah Charles Godfred , Agyire-Tettey Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPersons with disabilities face substantial barriers that impede their integration and participation in social and economic activities. Households with disabled members may be vulnerable to poverty due to the extra cost of living with a disability. However, there exists a knowledge gap in the magnitude of the extra cost of disabilities in sub Saharan Africa. Using data from a nationally representative household survey, this paper estimates the extra cost of disabilities in Ghana. The paper further examines the welfare effects of households with persons with disabilities. Based on the standard of living approach, we estimate the extra cost to households with a person with disability to be 26% of annual household consumption expenditures. Adjusting for the extra cost of poverty, the incidence of poverty increases from 38.5 to 52.9% amongst households with a disabled member. Our findings suggest the need to improve the efficiency of support programs to persons with disabilities to mitigate the extra costs of disabilities and reduce their vulnerability to poverty. In addition, enhancing access to economic opportunities and social services for persons with disabilities will be imperative to improve their quality of life and dignity.
Die Heterogenität familialer Lebensverläufe
Authors: Zimmermann Okka , Konietzka Dirk 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie bisherige Forschung zu übergreifenden Tendenzen des Wandels von Lebensverläufen ist durch unterschiedliche und teilweise ungenaue Verwendungen von Begriffen und Konzepten gekennzeichnet. Der Beitrag schlägt im Anschluss an jüngere methodische Entwicklungen ein mehrdimensionales Konzept der Heterogenität von Lebensverläufen sowie eine sozialstrukturell differenzierte Analyse ihrer Heterogenisierung vor. Empirisch untersucht der Beitrag mit den Daten der National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) (n = 5648) die Heterogenisierung von kohortenspezifischen familialen Lebensverläufen in der ersten Lebenshälfte (15–44 Jahre) mit einem Fokus auf Partnerschaft und Familiengründung. Im Kohortenvergleich zeigt sich für diese Aspekte eine deutliche Differenzierung, aber kein eindeutiger Trend zu Pluralisierung und De-Standardisierung. Formal geringer gebildete Frauen weisen überdurchschnittlich heterogene Verläufe auf, und Gruppenunterschiede verstärken sich im Kohortenvergleich. Insgesamt erweist sich ein mehrdimensionaler Ansatz der Analyse der Heterogenisierung von Lebensverläufen als sinnvoll, um Diagnosen des Strukturwandels analytisch zu präzisieren und unterschiedliche Entwicklungen in Subpopulationen zu identifizieren.
Thyroid fine-needle aspiration trends before, during, and after the lockdown: what we have learned so far from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Palladino Raffaele , Migliatico Ilaria , Sgariglia Roberta , Nacchio Mariantonia , Iaccarino Antonino , Malapelle Umberto , Vigliar Elena , Salvatore Domenico , Troncone Giancarlo , Bellevicine Claudio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Nowadays, the clinical management of thyroid nodules needs to be multi-disciplinary. In particular, the crosstalk between endocrinologists and cytopathologists is key. When FNAs are properly requested by endocrinologists for nodules characterised by relevant clinical and ultrasound features, cytopathologists play a pivotal role in the diagnostic work-up. Conversely, improper FNA requests can lead to questionable diagnostic efficiency. Recently, recommendations to delay all non-urgent diagnostic procedures, such as thyroid FNAs, to contain the spread of COVID-19 infection, have made the interplay between endocrinologists and cytopathologists even more essential. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on our practice by evaluating the total number of FNAs performed and the distribution of the Bethesda Categories before, during, and after the lockdown.

Methods
We analysed the FNA trends before (1st January 2019 to March 13th 2020), during (March 14th to May 15th), and after (May 16th to July 7th) the lockdown.

Results
Although the total number of weekly FNAs dropped from 62.1 to 23.1, our referring endocrinologists managed to prioritise patients with high-risk nodules. In fact, in the post-lockdown, the weekly proportion of benign diagnoses dropped on average by 12% and that of high-risk diagnoses increased by 6%.

Conclusions
The lesson we have learned so far from this pandemic is that by applying safety protocols to avoid contagion and by increasing the threshold for FNA requests for thyroid nodules, we can continue to guarantee our services to high-risk patients even in times of a health crisis.
Increasing influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers: a review on campaign strategies and their effect
Authors: Schumacher Sofie , Salmanton-García Jon , Cornely Oliver A. , Mellinghoff Sibylle C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeIncreasing influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers is a challenge. Especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, high vaccination coverage should be attained. This review analyzed strategies to increase influenza vaccination coverage in healthcare workers.MethodsA literature search using PubMed was conducted and 32 publications on influenza vaccination campaigns for healthcare workers were reviewed for key interventions and resulting vaccination coverage.ResultsAmong key interventions analyzed, mandatory vaccination policies or multifaceted campaigns including a vaccinate-or-wear-a-mask policy as well as mandatory declination reached vaccination coverage in healthcare workers of over 90%. Although campaigns solely based on education and promotion or on-site-vaccination did not regularly exceed an absolute vaccination coverage of 40%, a substantial relative increase in vaccination coverage was reached by implementation of these strategies.ConclusionMandatory vaccination policies are effective measures to achieve high overall vaccination coverage. In clinics where policies are infeasible, multifaceted campaigns comprising on-site vaccination, vaccination stands and educational and promotional campaigns as well as incentives should be implemented. Lessons learned from influenza campaigns could be implemented in future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns.
New similarity measures for single-valued neutrosophic sets with applications in pattern recognition and medical diagnosis problems
Authors: Chai Jia Syuen , Selvachandran Ganeshsree , Smarandache Florentin , Gerogiannis Vassilis C. , Son Le Hoang , Bui Quang-Thinh , Vo Bay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) is a well-known model for handling uncertain and indeterminate information. Information measures such as distance measures, similarity measures and entropy measures are very useful tools to be used in many applications such as multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), medical diagnosis, pattern recognition and clustering problems. A lot of such information measures have been proposed for the SVNS model. However, many of these measures have inherent problems that prevent them from producing reasonable or consistent results to the decision makers. In this paper, we propose several new distance and similarity measures for the SVNS model. The proposed measures have been verified and proven to comply with the axiomatic definition of the distance and similarity measure for the SVNS model. A detailed and comprehensive comparative analysis between the proposed similarity measures and other well-known existing similarity measures has been done. Based on the comparison results, it is clearly proven that the proposed similarity measures are able to overcome the shortcomings that are inherent in existing similarity measures. Finally, an extensive set of numerical examples, related to pattern recognition and medical diagnosis, is given to demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed similarity measures. In all numerical examples, it is proven that the proposed similarity measures are able to produce accurate and reasonable results. To further verify the superiority of the suggested similarity measures, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test is performed on the ranking results that were obtained from the numerical examples, and it was again proven that the proposed similarity measures produced the most consistent ranking results compared to other existing similarity measures.
Prevalence, distribution and control of six major potato viruses in Kenya
Authors: Onditi John , Nyongesa Moses , van der Vlugt René 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn most developing countries, farmers lack sufficient supply of certified or healthy potato seed tubers. Hence, they often plant their own saved ware potato tubers, a practice that is known to contribute to spread and increase the prevalence of plant viruses. In this study, we proposed options for managing the virus based on the knowledge obtained from surveys of virus prevalence and distribution in potato cultivars grown under such conditions. Potato leaf samples randomly collected from 354 farms in five major potato-growing counties in Kenya were tested for six potato viruses; potato virus Y (PVY), potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus M (PVM), potato virus A (PVA) and potato virus S (PVS) through DAS-ELISA. Virus prevalence in the fields was high; 72.9% of the samples were positive for at least one of the six viruses; and 55.9% showed multiple infections. A follow-up survey conducted during three consecutive seasons, in two of the five counties, revealed that virus prevalence fluctuated across seasons. This suggested that updated information on virus prevalence might be of value for designing a virus control strategy. Distribution maps showed the presence of the viruses restricted to specific geographic regions, an indication of where control efforts should be directed. Four cultivars, Sherekea, Shangi, Kenya Karibu and Asante, grown at a high virus-prevalent area, showed low values of average ELISA absorbance (OD), suggest a field resistance to the viruses. This study demonstrated that knowledge of prevalence and distribution may be of value to identify and recommend virus resistant cultivars to replace susceptible ones, especially in the virus hotspot areas.
Comparison of energy consumption between non-inverter and inverter-type air conditioner in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almogbel Ahmed , Alkasmoul Fahad , Aldawsari Zaid , Alsulami Jaber , Alsuwailem Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterest for air-conditioning systems (ACs) has exponentially expanded worldwide throughout the most recent couple of decades. Countries with booming economies including Saudi Arabia report high growth of sales of room air conditioners. With the expanded (GDP) and warming climates, interest for room air-conditioning systems is required to additionally increment. Meeting the expanded need for electricity energy will be a challenge. Expanded utilization of energy-efficient air conditioners impactsly affects lowering the electricity demand. In an ordinary AC, the blower runs at a fixed speed and is either ON or OFF. In an inverter AC, the compressor is consistently on; however, power drawn relies upon the demand for cooling. The speed of the compressor is adjusted appropriately. In this paper, the energy consumption of non-inverter and an inverter AC of the same capacity was assessed in an average office room, under comparative operating conditions, to find the differences in the energy saving, Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission, and power consumption of air conditioner. Energy consumption was measured for about 108 days, which is from July 16th to October 31st, 24/7, and compared. The experiment is conducted with the same conditions and same capacity air conditioners (18,000 BTU). Results show that the day-by-day normal vitality utilization, the inverter will save up to 44% of electrical consumption compared to a non-inverter of 3471 kWh/year and 6230 kWh/year respectively. Furthermore, the Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) analysis shows that inverters can save 49% of CO2 emissions.
Current Insights and Latest Updates in Sperm Motility and Associated Applications in Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Dcunha Reyon , Hussein Reda S. , Ananda Hanumappa , Kumari Sandhya , Adiga Satish Kumar , Kannan Nagarajan , Zhao Yulian , Kalthur Guruprasad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpermatozoon is a motile cell with a special ability to travel through the woman’s reproductive tract and fertilize an oocyte. To reach and penetrate the oocyte, spermatozoa should possess progressive motility. Therefore, motility is an important parameter during both natural and assisted conception. The global trend of progressive reduction in the number and motility of healthy spermatozoa in the ejaculate is associated with increased risk of infertility. Therefore, developing approaches for maintaining or enhancing human sperm motility has been an important area of investigation. In this review we discuss the physiology of sperm, molecular pathways regulating sperm motility, risk factors affecting sperm motility, and the role of sperm motility in fertility outcomes. In addition, we discuss various pharmacological agents and biomolecules that can enhance sperm motility in vitro and in vivo conditions to improve assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. This article opens dialogs to help toxicologists, clinicians, andrologists, and embryologists in understanding the mechanism of factors influencing sperm motility and various management strategies to improve treatment outcomes.
Gender disparities in fear of failure among 15‐year‐old students: The role of gender inequality, the organisation of schooling and economic conditions
Authors: Borgonovi Francesca , Han Seong Won 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrior research indicates that female students express higher fear of failure than male students and that fear of failure is associated with lower social and emotional well‐being and higher levels of stress, anxiety, burnout and depression. Fear of failure also leads individuals to limit their choices and take fewer risks than would be warranted given their ability and context to minimise the possibility of failing.MethodsWe examined cross‐country differences in gender gaps in fear of failure as well as factors that explain gender gaps and variations of gender gaps across countries using multilevel modelling techniques. Participants were 517,047 15‐year‐old students from 59 countries who took part in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).ResultsWithin countries, students with higher reading achievement and who lacked a growth mindset reported higher fear of failure. The gender gap in fear of failure was especially high among high‐achieving students and students with high‐achieving peers. The size of the gender gap in fear of failure differed across countries: it was higher in countries with higher levels of economic prosperity, with lower levels of societal‐level gender inequality and countries with comprehensive education systems.ConclusionsThe greater prevalence of fear of failure among female students among high‐achieving students attending high‐achieving schools in prosperous and more gender equal societies could help to explain the paradox of the persistent underrepresentation of females in certain occupations in contexts that are most supportive of females.
Total knowledge? Encyclopedic handbooks in the twentieth-century chemical and life sciences
Authors: Grote Mathias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEncyclopedic handbooks have been household names to scientists – Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie to chemists, Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology to microbiologists. Their heavy tomes were consulted for reference, and their contents taken as authoritative. This paper analyses the development of this genre as well as of ‘handbook science’. Handbooks and their claim to provide comprehensive factual knowledge on a subject should be understood as a reaction to the scattering of knowledge in modern periodical print as discussed by Wilhelm Ostwald or Ludwik Fleck. A comparative analysis of the actors, the institutions and practices of compiling and editing a German and an American handbook project around mid-century reveals commonalities and differences in how twentieth-century sciences have attempted to cope with the acceleration and dispersion of knowledge generation before computing. These attempts have resulted in different conceptions of a book, from compilation to organic whole. Moreover, the handbook's claim to comprise lasting facts makes it a fitting case in point to reflect on the temporality of knowledge and the relevance of books to the sciences.