bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A copper complex formed with neurokinin B: binding stoichiometry, redox properties, self-assembly and cytotoxicity
Authors: Huang Yaliang , Xia Ning , Chen Miao , Yang Ping , Liu Lin , Wang Jianxiu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The tachykinin neuropeptide of neurokinin B (NKB) is a copper-binding amyloid peptide with important roles in the regulation of physiological functions and pathophysiological processes in the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this work, the formation of a NKB–Cu2+ complex in a 1 : 1 stoichiometry was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The self-assembly of NKB and its mutant species was investigated by Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and at the same time, the effect of Cu2+ on the aggregation of NKB was studied. As evidenced by cyclic voltammetry, the redox potential of NKB–Cu2+ was determined to be 0.77 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). It has been demonstrated that NKB at low concentrations exerts its neuroprotective function by inhibiting Cu2+-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA). In comparison with equivalent Cu2+, the peptide–Cu2+ aggregates aggravated the viability of PC-12 cells more seriously in the absence of AA. These results should be extremely valuable for understanding the NKB/Cu2+ interactions and the toxicity mechanism of Cu2+ associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of Hearing Aid Acclimatization on Speech-in-Noise Perception and Its Relationship With Changes in Auditory Long Latency Responses
Authors: Megha  , Maruthy Sandeep 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The study attempted to track speech-in-noise perception and auditory long latency responses (ALLRs) over a period of hearing aid use in naïve hearing aid users. The primary aim was to investigate the relationship of change in speech-in-noise perception with the change in ALLRs.

Method
Thirty adults with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (clinical group) and 17 adults with normal hearing (control group) in the age range of 23–60 years participated in the study. Syllable identification in noise (SIN) and ALLRs in noise were measured three times (three sessions) over a period of 2 months of hearing aid use.

Results
Results showed a significant increase in SIN and a decrease in the latency of ALLRs in the later sessions compared to the baseline session in the clinical group. However, the changes seen across the three sessions in the control group were not statistically significant. The magnitude of change in ALLRs seen in the clinical group did not significantly correlate with the change in SIN scores seen in them.

Conclusions
The study provides evidence for improvements in speech perception in noise and in processing time of auditory cortical areas with hearing aid acclimatization. However, it is important to note that the improvement in ALLRs does not assure improvement in speech perception in noise.
Phonologische Prozesse in der deutschen Sprache türkisch-deutsch bilingualer Kinder
Authors: Fox-Boyer Annette , Fricke Silke , Albrecht Katharina Margareta 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Kenntnisse über den typischen Ausspracheerwerb sind notwendig, um Aussprachestörungen identifizieren zu können. Hierbei spielt die phonologische Prozessanalyse eine wichtige Rolle. Informationen zum Ausspracheerwerb bilingualer Kinder sind bislang rar, sodass eine Diagnosestellung erschwert ist.Methode Mit Hilfe eines Bilderbenenntests wurden die phonologischen Prozesse im Deutschen von 84 türkisch-deutsch bilingualen Kindern im Alter von 3;0–5;5 Jahren untersucht.Ergebnis Bis auf wenige Ausnahmen (z. B. Vokalfehler) wurden nur phonologische Prozesse im Deutschen beobachtet, die denen monolingualer Kinder entsprechen. Diese wurden meist später als von monolingualen Kindern überwunden. Simultan und sukzessiv bilingual aufwachsende Kinder unterschieden sich hier kaum.Diskussion Die Ergebnisse bestätigen bisherige Pilotstudien zum türkisch-deutschen Phonologieerwerb und können zur Orientierung in der sprachtherapeutischen Aussprachediagnostik herangezogen werden.
Sports and Metabolic Bone Disease
Authors: Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Weidekamm Claudia , Aparisi Francisco , Bazzocchi Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) increases bone mass and bone strength through different mechanisms and also reduces the risk of falls in the elderly, through proprioception and balance training. The benefits seen in adolescence continue into adulthood. Exercise delays and attenuates the effects of osteoporosis, and particular sports activities may be recommended to improve bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine or regional BMD, improve balance, and prevent falls. Stress injuries related to exercise are more common in osteopenic and osteoporotic individuals.Sports activity may in some cases be detrimental for bone health, with nutrition restriction a frequent cause for negative effects of the practice of PA on bone. The examples are the so-called female athlete triad of menstrual dysfunction resulting in reduced estrogen levels, low energy due to malnutrition, and decreased BMD. A similar triad is described in male athletes. This review analyzes the effects of sport on bone metabolism and in particular its relationship with metabolic bone disease.
Stress Injuries of the Spine in Sports
Authors: Wong Jenn Shiunn , Lalam Radhesh , Cassar-Pullicino Victor N. , Tyrrell Prudencia N.M. , Singh Jaspreet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpine sports stress injuries account for a significant amount of time loss at play in athletes, particularly if left unrecognized and allowed to progress. Spondylolysis makes up most of these stress injuries. This article focuses on spondylolysis, bringing together discussion from the literature on its pathomechanics and the different imaging modalities used in its diagnosis. Radiologists should be aware of the limitations and more importantly the roles of different imaging modalities in guiding and dictating the management of spondylolysis. Other stress-related injuries in the spine are also discussed including but not limited to pedicle fracture and apophyseal ring injury.
Glioblastoma Multiforme in the Cerebellopontine Angle in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Pregúntegui-Loayza Ivethe , Céspedes Erland , Saal-Zapata Giancarlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPosterior fossa tumors are frequently diagnosed in children compared to their adult counterparts, representing 54 to 70% of the cases. Tumors located in the cerebellopontine angle are rare and represent 10% of the posterior fossa lesions in children. In addition, glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system and represents 3% of the tumors in children. We present the fourth reported case of a glioblastoma multiforme, confirmed by histopathology and located in the cerebellopontine angle in a 6-year old child, which was treated with surgery and subsequently with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Thus, the presence of a glioblastoma multiforme in the cerebellopontine angle is extremely rare and needs a high-index of suspicion in children.
Knee Dislocation with Ipsilateral Tibial Fracture Treated with an Intramedullary Locked Nail and Simultaneous Transtibial Tunnel Knee Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report of Autografts and Limited Resources
Authors: Campos Túlio Vinícius de Oliveira , Moraes Marcelo Nacif , Andrade Marco Antônio Percope de , Schenck Robert C. , Donell Simon T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKnee dislocations associated with ipsilateral tibial shaft fracture represent one of the most challenging injuries in trauma surgery. This injury occurs in only 2% of all tibial fractures in several series. With the use of intramedullary nail (IMN) of the tibia, current practice paraments suggest that transtibial tunnels should be avoided and ligamentous knee surgery be delayed until healing of the shaft fracture occurs. We report a novel case which was successfully managed by delayed IMN and multiligamentous transtibial posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterolateral corner (PLC) autograft reconstructions. A 27-year-old male sustained a Gustilo-Anderson grade IIIa tibial shaft fracture and a Schenck IIIL knee dislocation (KD3L) in the ipsilateral knee. At 2 weeks, the patient was then taken back to the operating theater to undergo definitive bone fixation and ipsilateral simultaneous knee ligamentous reconstruction. The knee was stabilized by open reconstruction of the PCL under fluoroscopic control using an ipsilateral quadriceps autograft fixed with metallic interference screws. The PLC was reconstructed with ipsilateral semitendinosus autograft harvested through a separate 1.5-cm standard anteromedial incision using the technique described by Stannard et al. After graft fixation, the 90 degree posterior and posterolateral drawer and 0 and 30 degrees varus stress tests were negative. After 12 months follow-up, the patient had no complaints regarding pain or instability. The tibial fracture had healed and no knee axis deviation could be noted. The patient had returned to recreational low demand activities and motorcycle riding. Treatment of a combined tibial shaft fracture with an ipsilateral knee dislocation may be satisfactorily accomplished with an IMN for the tibia and transtibial tunnel fixation for knee ligament reconstruction allowing for a single rehabilitation course and a shorter recovery without having to use a third stage for knee ligamentous reconstruction.
Surgical Interventions for Functional Constipation: An Update
Authors: Vilanova-Sanchez Alejandra , Levitt Marc A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic idiopathic constipation, also known as functional constipation, is defined as difficult and infrequent defecation without an identifiable organic cause. Medical management with laxatives is effective for the majority of constipated children. However there is a subset of patients who may need evaluation by a surgeon. As constipation progresses, it can lead to fecal retention and rectal and sigmoid distension, which impairs normal colorectal motility. Surgical interventions are influenced by the results of: a rectal biopsy, transit studies, the presence of megacolon/megarectum on contrast enema, the degree of soiling/incontinence, anorectal manometry findings, and colonic motility evaluation. In this review, we describe the different surgical options available (intestinal diversion, antegrade enemas, sacral nerve stimulation, colonic resections, and Botulinum toxin injection) and provide guidance on how to choose the best procedure for a given patient.
Hilar Fibropolycystic Liver Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Revelation from the Explant Liver
Authors: Menon Jagadeesh , Vij Mukul , Shanmugam Naresh , Hakeem Abdul , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Kaliamoorthy Ilankumaran , Rela Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFibropolycystic diseases of the liver comprise a spectrum of disorders affecting bile ducts of various sizes and arise due to an underlying ductal plate malformation (DPM). We encountered a previously unreported variant of DPM, the hilar fibropolycystic disease which we diagnosed in the explant liver. A 2-year-old boy was referred for liver transplantation with a diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) and failed Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). He had cirrhosis with portal hypertension along with synthetic failure indicated by coagulopathy and hypoalbuminemia. The child underwent liver transplant successfully. The explant liver had fibropolycystic disease confined to the perihilar liver and hilum. No pathogenic mutation was detected by whole exome sequencing. Fibropolycystic liver disease may represent a peculiar anatomical variant, which can be diagnosed by careful pathological examination of the explant liver. The neonatal presentation of hilar fibropolycystic liver disease can be misdiagnosed as BA.
Concepts for historical and geographical thinking in Sweden’s and Spain’s Primary Education curricula
Authors: Moreno-Vera Juan Ramón , Alvén Fredrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study is to compare the presence of concepts for historical and geographical thinking in the national curricula for Primary Education in Spain and Sweden in order to analyze if these thinking concepts can enable new active learning methodologies in the Social Science classroom. The comparative study is based on a qualitative investigation using a horizontal evaluation instrument (international compared analysis). Compared items were divided in four dimensions: 1. curriculum structure—subjects, timetable, compulsory, ratio, etc.-, 2. educational methodologies—project-based learning, research, practical lessons-, 3. Objectives and evaluation—aims, evaluation criteria, standards-, and 4. Contents—conceptual, procedural, and attitudinal. The results show that, despite a different structure for the history and geography subjects in Primary Education, neither of the two curricula present historical and geographical thinking concepts as a fundamental aim for Primary Education and, at the same time, the low presence of these thinking concepts is linked to traditional teaching models still based on positivism and memorization.
Acousto-optic modulators for fibre-optic lines
Authors: Epikhin V.M. , Karnaushkin P.V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The specific features of efficient matching of acousto-optic devices with single-mode fibres for the cases of isotropic and anisotropic diffraction are considered. The acousto-optic interaction geometry, optimal for modulating an arbitrarily polarised light beam with a possibility of tuning its frequency shift in the range up to ∼10 MHz, is chosen. Acousto-optic modulators/frequency shifters based on paratellurite (TeO2), pigtailed with polarisation-maintaining and non-polarisation-maintaining fibres, have been developed for wavelengths of 1064 and 1550 nm, and their main technical parameters are investigated.
Efficient lasing in mixtures of helium and fluorine in diffuse discharges formed by runaway electrons
Authors: Tarasenko V.F. , Panchenko A.N. , Kozhevnikov V.V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The parameters of stimulated lasing in diffuse discharges formed in mixtures of helium and fluorine in a strongly inhomogeneous electric field are investigated. Lasing is obtained in the visible and VUV spectral regions on the transitions of fluorine atoms and molecules. It is shown that lasing in He – F2 mixtures at a wavelength of 157 nm continues for several half-periods of the discharge current. Due to the homogeneity of the diffuse discharge, the maximum lasing efficiency of the F2 laser is 0.15 %, which corresponds to the efficiency of this type of lasers pumped by pre-ionised transverse volume discharges.
L2 learning of opaque Chinese compounds through elaborative encoding
Authors: Gao Zhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChinese compounds consist of two to four characters but function as single word. If the compounds are semantically opaque and contain unfamiliar characters, learners will resort to learning them individually by rote. However, given the large number of Chinese compounds, rote learning can place an excessive burden on memory. To facilitate L2 learning of opaque Chinese compounds, the present study proposes a method called elaborative encoding. In this study, L2 learners were given a booklet with 26 two-character opaque compounds. With elaborative encoding, participants learned the English meanings of the compounds through short metaphorical explanations. With rote memorization, participants learned the compounds’ English meanings without any explanation. To test the effects of elaborative encoding, a Chinese-to-English translation task was conducted immediately after training, five days later, and 14 days later. The results showed elaborative encoding was superior to rote memorization in retaining the meanings of the opaque compounds.
Narrative accounts and their influence on treatment recommendations in medical interviews
Authors: Fioramonte Amy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious research exploring the use of narratives in medical interviews has primarily examined the history-taking phase to illustrate the ways in which physicians and patients discursively collaborate to organize and interpret patients’ illness experiences (Eggly, 2002;Halkowski, 2006;Stivers & Heritage, 2001). In this paper, the scope will be expanded to demonstrate that narrative accounts are interwoven and unfold across various phases of the medical interview, not only the history-taking phase, and are utilized in a variety of ways to collaboratively accomplish specific social practices. A narrative as talk-in-interaction approach is used to examine narrative accounts using audio-recordings of naturally occurring medical interview data (US, American English). This paper examines the ways in which narratives are locally occasioned todoa variety of things (e.g., raise difficult topics, actively resist treatment, reinforce identities), including influencing the treatment decision making process.
Study of electrophysical properties of metal–semiconductor contact by the theory of complex systems
Authors: Askerov Sh. G. , Abdullayeva L. K. , Hasanov M. G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to analyze the electrical properties of the metal–semiconductor contact (MSC) in the framework of the theory of complex systems. The effect of inhomogeneity of the different microstructures: polycrystalline, monocrystalline, amorphous metal–semiconductor contact surface is investigated, considering a Schottky diode (SD) as a parallel connection of numerous subdiodes. It has been shown that the polycrystallinity of the metal translates a homogeneous contact into a complex system, which consists of parallel connected numerous elementary contacts having different properties and parameters.
First principles study of the electronic structure and photovoltaic properties of β-CuGaO2 with MBJ + U approach
Authors: Luo Guoping , Bian Yingmei , Wu Ruifeng , Lai Guoxia , Xu Xiangfu , Zhang Weiwei , Chen Xingyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Based on the density functional theory, the energy band and electronic structure of β-CuGaO2 are calculated by the modified Becke-Johnson plus an on-site Coulomb U (MBJ + U) approach in this paper. The calculated results show that the band gap value of β-CuGaO2 obtained by the MBJ + U approach is close to the experimental value. The calculated results of electronic structure indicate that the main properties of the material are determined by the bond between Cu-3d and O-2p energy levels near the valence band of β-CuGaO2, while a weak anti-bond combination is formed mainly by the O-2p energy level and Ga-4s energy level near the bottom of the conduction band of β-CuGaO2. The β-CuGaO2 thin film is predicted to hold excellent photovoltaic performance by analysis of the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) method. At the same time, the calculated maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of the ideal CuGaO2 solar cell is 32.4%. Relevant conclusions can expand β-CuGaO2 photovoltaic applications.
Comparative study of various methods for extraction of multi- quantum wells Schottky diode parameters
Authors: Garoudja Elyes , Filali Walid , Oussalah Slimane , Sengouga Noureddine , Henini Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, forward current voltage characteristics for multi-quantum wells Al0.33Ga0.67As Schottky diode were measured at temperature ranges from 100 to 300 K. The main parameters of this Schottky diode, such as the ideality factor, barrier height, series resistance and saturation current, have been extracted using both analytical and heuristics methods. Differential evolution (DE), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) have been chosen as candidate heuristics algorithms, while Cheung technic was selected as analytical extraction method. The obtained results show clearly the high performance of DE algorithms in terms of parameters accuracy, convergence speed and robustness.
A snapback-free and high-speed SOI LIGBT with double trenches and embedded fully NPN structure
Authors: Wang Chenxia , Wei Jie , Fan Diao , Yang Yang , Luo Xiaorong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A novel 600 V snapback-free high-speed silicon-on-insulator lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor is proposed and investigated by simulation. The proposed device features an embedded NPN structure at the anode side, and double trenches together with an N-type carrier storage (N-CS) layer at the cathode side, named DT-NPN LIGBT. The NPN structure not only acts as an electron barrier to eliminate the snapback effect in the on-state within a smaller cell pitch but also provides an extra electron extracting path during the turn-off stage to decrease the turnoff loss (E
off). The double cathode trenches and N-CS layer hinder the hole from being extracted by the cathode quickly. They then enhance carrier storing effect and lead to a reduced on-state voltage drop (V
on). The latch-up immunity is improved by the double cathode trenches. Hence, the DT-NPN LIGBT obtains a superior tradeoff between the V
on and E
off. Additionally, the DT-NPN LIGBT exhibits an improved blocking capability and weak dependence of breakdown voltage (BV) on the P+ anode doping concentration because the NPN structure suppresses triggering the PNP transistor. The proposed LIGBT reduces the E
off by 55% at the same V
on, and improves the BV by 7.3% compared to the conventional LIGBT.
4H-SiC trench MOSFET with an integrated Schottky barrier diode and L-shaped P+ shielding region
Authors: Luo Xiaorong , Zhang Ke , Song Xu , Fang Jian , Yang Fei , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A novel 4H-SiC trench MOSFET is presented and investigated by simulation in this paper. The device features an integrated Schottky barrier diode and an L-shaped P+ shielding region beneath the gate trench and aside one wall of the gate trench (S-TMOS). The integrated Schottky barrier diode works as a free-wheeling diode in reverse recovery and reverse conduction, which significantly reduces reverse recovery charge (Q
rr) and reverse turn-on voltage (V
F). The L-shaped P+ region effectively shields the coupling of gate and drain, resulting in a lower gate–drain capacitance (C
gd) and date–drain charge (Q
gd). Compared with that of conventional SiC trench MOSFET (C-TMOS), the V
F and Q
rr of S-TMOS has reduced by 44% and 75%, respectively, with almost the same forward output current and reverse breakdown voltage. Moreover, the S-TMOS reduces Q
gd and C
gd by 32% and 22%, respectively, in comparison with C-TMOS.
Investigation of current collapse and recovery time due to deep level defect traps in β-Ga2O3 HEMT
Authors: Singh R. , Lenka T. R. , Velpula R. T. , Jain B. , Bui H. Q. T. , Nguyen H. P. T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, drain current transient characteristics of β-Ga2O3 high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) are studied to access current collapse and recovery time due to dynamic population and de-population of deep level traps and interface traps. An approximately 10 min, and 1 h of recovery time to steady-state drain current value is measured under 1 ms of stress on the gate and drain electrodes due to iron (Fe)–doped β-Ga2O3 substrate and germanium (Ge)–doped β-Ga2O3 epitaxial layer respectively. On-state current lag is more severe due to widely reported defect trap E
C – 0.82 eV over E
C – 0.78 eV, −0.75 eV present in Iron (Fe)-doped β-Ga2O3 bulk crystals. A negligible amount of current degradation is observed in the latter case due to the trap level at E
C – 0.98 eV. It is found that occupancy of ionized trap density varied mostly under the gate and gate–source area. This investigation of reversible current collapse phenomenon and assessment of recovery time in β-Ga2O3 HEMT is carried out through 2D device simulations using appropriate velocity and charge transport models. This work can further help in the proper characterization of β-Ga2O3 devices to understand temporary and permanent device degradation.