bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of inflammatory back pain and radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in a semi‐urban community of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Ahmed , Ahmed Hina , Faiq Muhammad , Aslam Zeeshan , Elaine Anwer Khan Saira , Batool Shabnam , Farman Sumaira , Ahmad Nighat Mir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence of inflammatory back pain (IBP) and radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) in a semi‐urban community of Lahore, Pakistan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional household survey was designed as per the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD) model. In Phase 1, the subjects were interviewed for musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in the last 7 days by clinical assistants. In Phase 2, physiotherapists identified subjects with spinal/back pain and interviewed for Assessment in Spondyloarthritis International Working Group (ASAS) criteria for IBP. In Phase 3 subjects having IBP or chronic back pain (CBP) with an age at onset ≤45 years, were assessed and further investigated.ResultsA total of 4922 subjects with a mean age of 35.3 ± 14.5 years, including 2770 (56%) women were surveyed in Phase 1. MSK pain in last 7 days was reported by 1407 (28.6%) of whom 1034 (21%) had spinal pain. The ASAS criteria for IBP were met in 329 (6.7%, 95% CI 6.0‐7.0). In Phase 3, 222 with IBP and 83 having CBP with age at onset ≤45 years were evaluated. Out of this total of 305, 144 (2.9%) were confirmed to have IBP by rheumatologists as per at least 1 of the 3 criteria. ASAS criteria were met in 107 (2.2%, 95% CI 1.8‐2.6). ASAS criteria for radiographic axial SpA were met in 47 (1%, 95% CI 0.7‐1.3) of the surveyed population.ConclusionInflammatory back pain was reported in 6.7% by physiotherapists, confirmed in 3% by rheumatologists. The prevalence of radiographic axial SpA was 1%.
When the pubs closed: beer consumption before and after the first and second waves of COVID‐19 in Australia
Authors: Vandenberg Brian , Livingston Michael , O'Brien Kerry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsRestrictions to alcohol availability during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia included closures of businesses where alcohol is sold for on‐premises consumption (pubs, bars, restaurants and cafes), but not where alcohol is sold for off‐premises consumption (take‐away and home delivery). This study aimed to compare beer consumption before and after restrictions to alcohol availability during the first and second waves of COVID‐19 in Australia.DesignInterrupted time–series analysis.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsEstimated resident population aged 15+ years.MeasurementsSeasonally adjusted estimates of beer per capita consumption measured in litres of alcohol (LALs) per week, disaggregated by on‐ and off‐premises sales.FindingsFirst‐wave restrictions (week beginning 23 March 2020) were associated with a significant immediate reduction in on‐premises beer per capita consumption [−0.013 LALs, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.013 to –0.012, P = < 0.001], but no significant change in off‐premises beer per capita consumption. Partial removal of first‐wave restrictions (week beginning 18 May 2020) was associated with a significant immediate increase in on‐premises beer per capita consumption (+0.003 LALs, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.004, P = 0.006), but no significant change in off‐premises beer per capita consumption. Second‐wave restrictions (week beginning 06 July 2020) were associated with a significant immediate reduction in on‐premises beer per capita consumption (−0.004 LALs, 95% CI = −0.006 to –0.002, P = 0.001) but, again, no significant change in off‐premises beer per capita consumption.ConclusionRestricting the availability of on‐premises alcohol during the first and second waves of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia was associated with significant reductions in on‐premises beer consumption, but no significant changes in off‐premises beer consumption.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the association between solitary drinking and alcohol problems in adults
Authors: Skrzynski Carillon J. , Creswell Kasey G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsSolitary drinking in adolescents and young adults is associated with greater risk for alcohol problems, but it is unclear whether this association exists in older demographics. The current paper is the first meta‐analysis and systematic review, to our knowledge, to determine whether adult solitary drinking is associated with greater risk for alcohol problems.MethodsPsychINFO, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched following a pre‐registered International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) protocol (CRD42019147075) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Following the methodology used in our recent systematic review and meta‐analysis on adolescent/young adult solitary drinking, we systematically reviewed solitary drinking measures/definitions, prevalence rates and associated demographic variables in adults. We then meta‐analyzed (using random‐effects models) associations between adult solitary drinking and alcohol use/problems, negative affect and negative/positive reinforcement‐related variables (e.g. drinking to cope or for enhancement).ResultsSolitary drinking was defined as drinking while physically alone in nearly all studies, but measures varied. Prevalence rates were generally in the 30–40% range, with some exceptions. In general, males were more likely than females to report drinking alone, and married individuals were less likely than unmarried individuals to report drinking alone; racial/ethnic differences were mixed. Meta‐analytical results showed significant effects for the associations between solitary drinking and the following factors: alcohol consumption, r = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.18, 0.33, k = 15, I2 = 97.41; drinking problems, r = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21, k = 14, I2 = 92.70; and negative reinforcement, r = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.32, k = 11, I2 = 89.77; but not positive reinforcement, r = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.09, k = 8, I2 = 76.18; or negative affect, r = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.02, 0.08, k = 8, I2 = 52.06. Study quality moderated the association between solitary drinking and negative affect (β = −0.07, P < 0.01) such that lower‐quality studies were significantly associated with larger effect sizes. Study quality was generally low; the majority of studies were cross‐sectional.ConclusionsSolitary drinking appears to have a small positive association with alcohol problems.
Treatment rates for alcohol use disorders: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mekonen Tesfa , Chan Gary C. K. , Connor Jason , Hall Wayne , Hides Leanne , Leung Janni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate the treatment rate for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in the general adult population. Treatment rates were also considered in relation to economic differences.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases to identify studies that reported treatment rates for alcohol use disorders in the general population. Independent reviewers screened the articles based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction form. We conducted quality assessments of the included studies. The overall treatment rates were estimated from studies that reported any treatment for AUDs from healthcare or informal non‐healthcare settings (any treatment). We estimated the separate treatment rates for each diagnostic category as reported in the primary studies: AUD as a single disorder, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Data were pooled using a random‐effect model.ResultsThirty‐two articles were included to estimate the treatment rates (percentage treated among the total number of people with AUDs). The pooled estimate of people with AUDs who received any treatment were 14.3% (95% CI: 9.3–20.3%) for alcohol abuse, 16.5% (95% CI: 12–21.5%) for alcohol dependence and 17.3% (95% CI: 12.8–22.3%) for AUD. A subgroup analysis by World Bank economic classification of countries found that the treatment rate for AUD was 9.3% (95% CI: 4.0–15.7%) in low and lower‐middle‐income countries.ConclusionGlobally, approximately one in six people with AUDs receives treatment. Treatment rates for AUDs are generally low, with even lower rates in low and lower‐middle‐income countries.
Laws limiting prescribing and dispensing of opioids in the United States, 1989–2019
Authors: Davis Corey S. , Lieberman Amy Judd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsOpioid overdose is a public health emergency in the United States. In an attempt to reduce potentially inappropriate opioid prescribing, many US states have adopted legal restrictions on the ability of medical professionals to prescribe or dispense opioids for pain. This review describes the major elements of relevant US state laws and the ways in which they have changed over time.MethodsSystematic legal review in which two trained legal researchers collected and reviewed all US state laws that limit the amount or duration of opioids that medical professionals may prescribe or dispense for pain. These laws were then coded on a set of pre‐selected measures, including when the law was enacted, dosage and duration limits imposed, circumstances in which the restrictions do not apply and whether additional requirements or restrictions apply to prescriptions issued to minors.ResultsThe number of US states with opioid limitation laws increased from 10 in 2016 to 39 by the end of 2019. The provisions of these laws vary between states and have shifted within states over time. At the end of 2019 the modal duration limit was 7 days, with a range of 3 to 31. Fourteen states imposed limits on the dosage of opioids that can be prescribed, ranging from 30 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) to a 120 MME daily maximum. In 16 states, different limits apply to prescriptions issued to minors.ConclusionsThe number of US states with opioid limitation laws nearly quadrupled between 2016 and 2019, with a great amount of heterogeneity between state restrictions and changes over time.
The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: Scrotal ultrasound reference ranges and associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical characteristics
Authors: Lotti F , Frizza F , Balercia G , Barbonetti A , Behre HM , Calogero AE , Cremers JF , Francavilla F , Isidori AM , Kliesch S , La Vignera S , Lenzi A , Marcou M , Pilatz A , Poolamets O , Punab M , Peraza Godoy MF , Rajmil O , Salvio G , Shaeer O , Weidner W , Maseroli E , Cipriani S , Baldi E , Degl’Innocenti S , Danza G , Caldini AL , Terreni A , Boni L , Krausz C , Maggi M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundScrotal color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) still suffers from lack of standardization. Hence, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) has promoted a multicenter study to assess the CDUS characteristics of healthy fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters.ObjectivesTo report and discuss the scrotal organs CDUS reference ranges and characteristics in HFM and their associations with clinical, seminal, and biochemical parameters.MethodsA cohort of 248 HFM (35.3 ± 5.9years) was studied, evaluating, on the same day, clinical, biochemical, seminal, and scrotal CDUS following Standard Operating Procedures.ResultsThe CDUS reference range and characteristics of the scrotal organs of HFM are reported here. CDUS showed a higher accuracy than physical examination in detecting scrotal abnormalities. Prader orchidometer (PO)‐ and US‐measured testicular volume (TV) were closely related. The US‐assessed TV with the ellipsoid formula showed the best correlation with the PO‐TV. The mean TV of HFM was ~ 17 ml. The lowest reference limit for right and left testis was 12 and 11 ml, thresholds defining testicular hypotrophy. The highest reference limit for epididymal head, tail, and vas deferens was 12, 6, and 4.5 mm, respectively. Mean TV was associated positively with sperm concentration and total count and negatively with gonadotropins levels and pulse pressure. Subjects with testicular inhomogeneity or calcifications showed lower sperm vitality and concentration, respectively, than the rest of the sample. Sperm normal morphology and progressive motility were positively associated with epididymal head size/vascularization and vas deferens size, respectively. Increased epididymis and vas deferens sizes were associated with MAR test positivity. Decreased epididymal tail homogeneity/vascularization were positively associated with waistline, which was negatively associated with intratesticular vascularization. CDUS varicocele was detected in 37.2% of men and was not associated with seminal or hormonal parameters. Scrotal CDUS parameters were not associated with time to pregnancy, number of children, history of miscarriage.ConclusionsThe present findings will help in better understanding male infertility pathophysiology, improving its management.
Prospective randomized comparative study of percutaneous catheter drainage and percutaneous needle aspiration in the treatment of liver abscess
Authors: Ahmed Meraj , Alam Junaid , Hussain Sadiq , Aslam Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) and percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) in the treatment of liver abscess.MethodsA prospective randomized study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India, between February 2018 and August 2019, after getting approval from the institutional ethics committee. A total of 543 patients with liver abscess were randomized into two groups using computer‐generated randomization method. Appropriate details regarding patients' clinico‐demographic profile and investigations were also collected. The effectiveness of either treatment was measured in terms of duration of intravenous antibiotic, clinical improvement, reduction in the size of cavity, treatment success rate, duration of hospital stay including long‐term outcomes such as sonographic resolution of cavity and recurrence rate at 6 months post‐treatment.ResultsThe PCD group had statistically significant rate of duration of antibiotics need, days for clinical improvement and time for 50% reduction in abscess cavity and treatment success rate with comparable long‐term outcomes.ConclusionPCD is more efficient than PNA and can be used primarily in the treatment of both amoebic and pyogenic liver abscesses along with systemic antibiotics. However, PNA can serve as a safe alternative when PCD is not available.
Similarities and differences in metabolites of tongue cancer cells among two‐ and three‐dimensional cultures and xenografts
Authors: Murakami Shoko , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Nakayama Takahisa , Taniura Naoko , Miyake Toru , Tani Masaji , Kushima Ryoji , Yamamoto Gaku , Sugihara Hiroyuki , Mukaisho Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetabolic programming of cancer cells is an essential step in transformation and tumor growth. We established two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer and three‐dimensional (3D) cultures, the latter called a “tissueoid cell culture system”, using four types of tongue cancer cell lines. We also undertook a comprehensive metabolome analysis of three groups that included xenografts created by transplanting the cell lines into nude mice. In addition, we undertook a functional analysis of the mitochondria, which plays a key role in cancer metabolism. Principal component analysis revealed the plots of the four cell lines to be much narrower in 2D culture than in 3D culture and xenograft groups. Moreover, compared to xenografts, the 2D culture had significantly lower levels of most metabolites. These results suggest that the unique characteristics of each cell disappeared in 2D culture, and a type of metabolism unique to monolayer culture took over. Conversely, ATP production, biomass synthesis, and maintenance of redox balance were shown in 3D culture using sufficient nutrients, which closely resembled the metabolic activity in the xenografts. However, there were several differences between the metabolic activity in the 3D culture and xenografts. In vivo, the cancer tissue had blood flow with stromal cells present around the cancer cells. In the xenografts, we detected metabolized and degraded products in the liver and other organs of the host mice. Furthermore, the 3D system did not show impairment of mitochondrial function in the cancer cells, suggesting that cancer cells produce energy simultaneously through mitochondria, as well as aerobic glycolysis.
Revisiting the Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales system: past, present and future challenges
Authors: Melgosa Manuel , Pant Dibakar , Simone Gabriele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a tribute to Claudio Oleari (1944‐2018), in this article we remember some of his ideas about the role of physics and engineering in modern colour science. In particular, we consider his emphasis on the strong content of the work carried out during 1947‐1974 by the Committee on Uniform Scales of the Optical Society of America. Oleari considered the Optical Society of America Uniform Color Scales system a very useful basis for new developments in colour science, including approximately uniform colour spaces, colour difference formulae and chromatic adaptation transforms. Papers published by Oleari and colleagues constitute an original alternative approach to the current generalised assumption of CIELAB made by most researchers and practitioners of colour science. We should seek a deeper understanding of colour vision to allow the development of new colour spaces, in which colour appearance could be more neatly expressed.
Heterochrony and growth rate variation mediate the development of divergent genital morphologies in closely related Ohomopterus ground beetles
Authors: Terada Karen , Nishimura Taira , Hirayama Akihiro , Takami Yasuoki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe rapid divergence of genital morphology is well studied in the context of sexual selection and speciation; however, little is known about the developmental mechanisms underlying divergence in genitalia. Ground beetles in the subgenus Ohomopterus genus Carabus have species‐specific genitalia that show coevolutionary divergence between the sexes. In this study, using X‐ray microcomputed tomography, we examined the morphogenesis of male and female genitalia in two closely related Ohomopterus species with divergent genital morphologies. The morphogenetic processes generating the male and female genitalia at the pupal stage were qualitatively similar in the two species. The male aedeagus and internal sac and female bursa copulatrix were partially formed at pupation and developed gradually thereafter. The species‐specific genital parts, male copulatory piece, and female vaginal appendix differed in the timing and rate of development. The relatively long copulatory piece of Carabus maiyasanus began to develop earlier, but subsequent rates of growth were similar in the two species. The timing of the formation of the vaginal appendix and initial growth rates were similar, but subsequent rapid growth led to a longer vaginal appendix in C. maiyasanus. Thus, substantial interspecific differences in the size of genital parts were mediated by different underlying developmental mechanisms between the sexes (i.e., a shift in the developmental schedule in males and a change in growth rate in females). These results revealed the spatio–temporal dynamics of species‐specific genital structure development, providing a novel platform for evo–devo studies of the diversification of genital morphologies.
Nesting habitat of ground‐nesting bees: a review
Authors: Antoine Cécile M. , Forrest Jessica R.K. 
Published: November 2020

About 3/4 of all wild bee species nest in the soil and spend much of their life cycle underground. These insects require suitable environmental conditions for nest construction and for the development and survival of their offspring. However, there is little quantitative information on the nesting habitat requirements and preferences of ground‐nesting bees. Moreover, there are almost no data on the effects of nesting conditions on these bees' fitness.
Here, to better understand the factors that influence nest‐site selection in ground‐nesting bees, we synthesise the literature on the nesting‐habitat associations of these important pollinators. We also review techniques that can be used to study the nesting preferences of ground‐nesting bees.
Our review reveals enormous variation among bee species in their associations with such nesting‐habitat attributes as soil texture, compaction, moisture, temperature, ground surface features, and proximity to conspecifics or floral resources. However, more studies—particularly experimental ones—are needed to segregate the influence of each factor on bees' choices of nesting location, since multiple factors are often correlated. It is also unclear whether nesting‐habitat associations vary geographically or seasonally within species, or phylogenetically among ground‐nesting bee species, partly because we lack information on nesting habitat for many species.
We argue that studies using established habitat‐selection methods are essential to properly identify nesting‐habitat preferences of ground‐nesting species. Finally, more research on nesting ecology is needed (especially in agroecosystems) to determine how best to support this diverse group of bees and the vital ecosystem service they provide.
A genomic amplification affecting a carboxylesterase gene cluster confers organophosphate resistance in the mosquito Aedes aegypti: From genomic characterization to high‐throughput field detection
Authors: Cattel Julien , Haberkorn Chloé , Laporte Fréderic , Gaude Thierry , Cumer Tristan , Renaud Julien , Sutherland Ian W. , Hertz Jeffrey C. , Bonneville Jean‐Marc , Arnaud Victor , Fustec Bénédicte , Boyer Sébastien , Marcombe Sébastien , David Jean‐Philippe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy altering gene expression and creating paralogs, genomic amplifications represent a key component of short‐term adaptive processes. In insects, the use of insecticides can select gene amplifications causing an increased expression of detoxification enzymes, supporting the usefulness of these DNA markers for monitoring the dynamics of resistance alleles in the field. In this context, the present study aims to characterize a genomic amplification event associated with resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the mosquito Aedes aegypti and to develop a molecular assay to monitor the associated resistance alleles in the field. An experimental evolution experiment using a composite population from Laos supported the association between the over‐transcription of multiple contiguous carboxylesterase genes on chromosome 2 and resistance to multiple organophosphate insecticides. Combining whole genome sequencing and qPCR on specific genes confirmed the presence of a ~100‐Kb amplification spanning at least five carboxylesterase genes at this locus with the co‐existence of multiple structural duplication haplotypes. Field data confirmed their circulation in South‐East Asia and revealed high copy number polymorphism among and within populations suggesting a trade‐off between this resistance mechanism and associated fitness costs. A dual‐color multiplex TaqMan assay allowing the rapid detection and copy number quantification of this amplification event in Ae. aegypti was developed and validated on field populations. The routine use of this novel assay will improve the tracking of resistance alleles in this major arbovirus vector.