bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A geoeconomia do desenvolvimento chinês: das Quatro Modernizações à Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) | The geoeconomics of Chinese Development: from Four Modernizations to Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
Authors: Farias Helio Caetano , Martins Pedro Mendes 
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Após o final da Guerra Fria, muitos analistas passaram a analisar a forma pela qual o sistema internacional se estruturaria. Dentre esses, destaca-se a contribuição de Edward Luttwak que cunhou o termo geoeconomia para ressaltar as tendências do sistema internacional, na qual as rivalidades interestatais seriam crescentemente moldadas por instrumentos comerciais e econômicos. A Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) pode ser analisada como mais um projeto geoeconômico criado para atender as demandas internas da economia chinesa e, ao mesmo tempo, garantir a projeção internacional do país. Trata-se de uma estratégia de inserção internacional recorrente na história chinesa que fundamenta o desenvolvimento econômico a partir de uma leitura sobre os condicionantes da competição geopolítica internacional.Palavras-Chave: Geoeconomia; Desenvolvimento Econômico; China. ABSTRACTAfter the end of the Cold War, analysts began to analyze how the international system would be structured. These contributions include the Edward Luttwak's, who coined the term geoeconomics to analyze the trends in the international system. Interstate rivalries would be increasingly influenced by commercial and economic instruments. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) can be viewed as another geo-economic project designed to meet the demands of economy as well as to ensure the China’s international projection. It is a strategy of recurrent international insertion in Chinese history, in which economic development is based on the conditions of international geopolitical competition.Keywords: Geoeconomics; Economic Development; China.Recebido em: 20 dez. 2019 | Aceito em: 25 mai. 2020.
Crises políticas na América Latina: convergências e dissensos entre OEA e Unasul na busca pela democracia | Political crises in Latin America: convergences and disagreements between OAS and Unasur in the search for democracy
Authors: Barros Marinana Andrade e 
Published: August 2020

Com o fim da Guerra Fria, a promoção da democracia passou a integrar o cerne da agenda internacional. Na América do Sul, este fenômeno teve contornos bastante peculiares, fruto da polarização política regional vivida nas primeiras décadas do século XXI e da consequente sobreposição de organizações internacionais que lidam com o tema. Nesse contexto, OEA e Unasul se destacaram por sua centralidade, trazendo em suas normas e em suas reações às crises políticas tanto consonâncias quanto contrastes.Palavras-chave: Promoção da democracia; OEA; Unasul.ABSTRACTWith the end of the Cold War, the promotion of democracy became an important part of the international agenda. In South America, this phenomenon had very peculiar contours, because of the regional political polarization experienced in the first decades of the 21st century and the consequent overlap of international organizations that deal with the theme. In this context, OAS and Unasur stood out for their centrality, bringing in their norms and their reactions to political crises both consonances and contrasts.Keywords: Democracy promotion; OAS; Unasur. Recebido em: 29 fev. 2020 | Aceito em: 17 jul. 2020.
Bone marrow oedema syndrome of the foot and ankle in a paediatric population: A retrospective case series with serial MRI evaluation
Authors: De Houwer Hannah , Van Beek Nathalie , Prinsen Sandra , Van Riet Anne , De Roeck Jeoffrey , Verfaillie Stefaan 
Published: August 2020

Purpose By means of a case series we wanted to describe and correlate the clinical and imaging features of bone marrow oedema syndrome (BMOS) of the foot and ankle in children. Methods A retrospective data study was performed on patients born on or after 01 January 2001 who underwent multiple MRI scans of the foot and ankle for pain symptoms. Six patients who presented with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted MR imaging without any underlying causes or concomitant pathology were included. Results All patients, three boys and three girls with a mean age of 11 years (8 to 14), displayed patchy areas of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted and turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) images. On average, six tarsal bones were involved (4 to 8). In all patients, treatment consisted of rest and/or protected weight-bearing. The mean time for symptoms to improve during treatment was 6 months (1 to 16). The mean duration of treatment was nine months (3 to 16). In all patients clinical and imaging symptoms were strongly correlated and regressed in time. Conclusion BMOS as a pathological entity should be considered in paediatric patients with foot and ankle pain without a clear underlying cause, and characteristic T2-weighted and TIRM signal intensity increase on MRI images. As BMOS is transient and self-limiting, conservative treatment is advised while the oedema regresses. An early diagnosis of this pathology could prevent unnecessary diagnostic investigations and invasive treatments. Level of Evidence IV
Irradiation level related to intraoperative imaging device in paediatric elastic stable intramedullary nailing: Preliminary prospective study on 51 patients using PCXMC software
Authors: Prod'homme Marc , Docquier Pierre-Louis , Miri Othmane , Sans-Merce Marta , Tabard-Fougère Anne , Ceroni Dimitri , Lascombes Pierre 
Published: August 2020

Purpose Radiation-induced cancers due to imaging devices concern above all the growing child, however, to date, intraoperative irradiation doses are not well-documented in children. The goal of the study was to evaluate the intraoperative doses received by patients operated with the use of a C-arm in traumatology, as well as the lifetime attributable risk of cancer death (LAR) related to the irradiation of the imaging device. Methods From 1 April 2017 to 31 March 2019, we started a multicentre study and prospectively recruited all consecutive children who needed elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) for long-bone fracture. We collected demographic and operative data, with dose reports including duration and doses. The main outcome was the effective dose (ED) in millisievert (mSv), calculated with PCXMC software, and the secondary outcome was the LAR expressed as a percentage. Results In all, 51 patients operated on using 2D C-arm imaging were included in this study. The mean ED was 0.085 mSv (sd 0.10; 0.002 to 0.649). Overall LAR was 6.5 x 10−4% (sd 6.7 x 10−4%; 0.1 x 10−4% to 28.3x10−4%). Univariate linear regression showed a significant association between ED and irradiation time (p < 0.001). There was no significant association between ED and other outcomes (p > 0.05). Conclusion Treatment of long-bone fractures by ESIN found a low level of effective doses with utilization of the C-arm device in current practice. Further studies on a larger sample are needed to confirm these results. Level of Evidence II
Indications for gastrocsoleus lengthening in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Rutz Erich , McCarthy James , Shore Benjamin J. , Shrader M. Wade , Veerkamp Matthew , Chambers Henry , Davids Jon R. , Kay Robert M. , Narayanan Unni , Novacheck Tom F. , Pierz Kristan , Rhodes Jason , Shilt Jeffrey , Theologis Tim , Van Campenhout Anja , Dreher Thomas , Graham Kerr 
Published: August 2020

Purpose Equinus is the most common deformity in cerebral palsy (CP) and gastrocsoleus lengthening (GSL) is the most commonly performed surgery to improve gait and function in ambulatory children with CP. Substantial variation exists in the indications for GSL and surgical technique. The purpose of this study was to review surgical anatomy and biomechanics of the gastrocsoleus and to utilize expert orthopaedic opinion through a Delphi technique to establish consensus for surgical indications for GSL in ambulatory children with CP. Methods A 17-member panel, of Fellowship-trained paediatric orthopaedic surgeons, each with at least 9 years of clinical post-training experience in the surgical management of children with CP, was established. Consensus for the surgical indications for GSL was achieved through a standardized, iterative Delphi process. Results Consensus was reached to support conservative Zone 1 surgery in diplegia and Zone 3 surgery (lengthening of the Achilles tendon) was contraindicated. Zone 2 or Zone 3 surgery reached general agreement as a choice in hemiplegia and under-correction was preferred to any degree of overcorrection. Agreement was reached that the optimum age for GSL surgery was 6 years to 10 years and should be avoided in children aged under 4 years. Physical examination measures with the child awake and under anaesthesia were important in decision making. Gait analysis was supported both for decision making and for assessing outcomes, in combination with patient reported outcomes (PROMS). Conclusions The results from this study may encourage informed practice evaluation, reduce practice variability, improve clinical outcomes and point to questions for further research. Level of Evidence V
Technique for measuring very small angle changes
Authors: Kloepfer Jeremiah , Yuen Robert , Gibb Robert 
Published: August 2020

A method for making accurate and precise measurements of small angles is described using an interferometer and a test fixture with reference control surfaces. The test is relatively insensitive to test fixture alignment. Typical measurement uncertainties are better than 0.2 arcsec (

1

σ

). This technique is applicable for verifying the angular stability of opto-mechanical systems that must undergo rigorous environmental testing.
Counter-propagating spectrally uncorrelated biphotons at 1550  nm generated from periodically poled MTiOXO4 (M = K, Rb, Cs; X = P, As)
Authors: Cai Wu-Hao , Wei Bei , Wang Shun , Jin Rui-Bo 
Published: August 2020

We theoretically investigated spectrally uncorrelated biphotons generated in a counter-propagating spontaneous parametric downconversion (CP-SPDC) from periodically poled

M

T
i
O

X

O

4

(

M
=

K

, Rb, Cs;

X
=

P

, As) crystals. By numerical calculation, it was found that the five crystals from the KTP family can be used to generate heralded single photons with high spectral purity and wide tunability. Under the type-0 phase-matching condition, the purity at 1550 nm was between 0.91 and 0.92, and the purity can be maintained over 0.90 from 1500 nm to 2000 nm wavelength. Under the type-II phase-matching condition, the purity at 1550 nm was 0.96, 0.97, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.98 for PPKTP, PPRTP, PPKTA, PPRTA, and PPCTA, respectively; furthermore, the purity can be kept over 0.96 for more than 600 nm wavelength range. We also simulated the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference between independent photon sources for PPRTP crystals at 1550 nm, and interference visibility was 92% (97%) under the type-0 (type-II) phase-matching condition. This study may provide spectrally pure narrowband single-photon sources for quantum memories and quantum networks at telecom wavelengths.
Multiband terahertz absorbers using T-shaped slot-patterned graphene and its complementary structure
Authors: Xu Kai-Da , Cai Yijun , Cao Xianbo , Guo Yingjiang , Zhang Yongliang , Chen Qiang 
Published: August 2020

A dual-band absorber using monolayer periodically T-shaped slot-patterned graphene at terahertz frequencies is presented. By changing the dimensions or Fermi levels of the T-shaped slot-patterned graphene, both of the two absorption bands will be adjusted. The absorber has the characteristics of polarization independence and incident angle insensitivity. Also, its complementary structure, i.e., using periodically T-shaped strip-patterned graphene, is investigated to design another dual-band absorber. Moreover, two triband absorbers are studied through periodically loading four more T-shaped slots and complementary strips in square graphene lattices, respectively. This paper provides a significant paradigm for designing different graphene-based absorbers with multiple absorption bands.
THE AWAKENING OF CREATIVITY IN ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Braga Luíza Alves , Pinheiro Nagela Maria Alcântara , Costa Josimar Souza , Giffoni Francinete Alves de Oliveira 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: This article deals with creativity and innovation in the business field. Discusses the importance of encouraging the creative process at the organizational level. It presents the success story of the Walt Disney organization on the international scene, relating the company's success to the use of creativity. The text promotes reflection on the topic in the current context, demonstrating the growing need for companies to encourage the awakening of the creative process in order to remain competitive in a market that faces rapid changes and great challenges. Keywords: Creativity; Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Disney.
Rapidly Growing Papillary Well-Differentiated Adenocarcinoma in a Patient With a Helicobacter pylori-Naive Gastric Mucosa
Authors: Shiratori Yasutoshi , Ikeya Takashi , Suzuki Koyu , Nakamura Kenji 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Although undifferentiated adenocarcinomas and fundic gland-type carcinomas are known as Helicobacter pylori-naive gastric carcinomas, well-differentiated gastric phenotype adenocarcinomas with papillary growth are rare. We encountered a case of a rapidly growing pedunculated well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in a patient with a H. pylori-naive gastric mucosa. The tumor had characteristics of a gastric phenotype (pepsinogen I and H and K-adenosine triphosphatase staining negative; diffusely positive for both mucin-5AC [MUC-5AC] and MUC-6; and MUC-2, common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen 10 [CD-10], and p53 negative) and treated with endoscopic mucosal resection. We report our case along with a relevant literature review.
Methodik zur Messung und Berechnung maximaler Gelenkmomente sowie die Berechnung von Maximalmomentkörpern am Beispiel der Schulter
Authors: Hofmann Norman , Kaiser André , Hermsdorf Heike , Möbius Danny 
Published: August 2020

Als Werkzeuge der virtuellen Ergonomie dienen arbeitswissenschaftliche digitale Menschmodelle zur ergonomischen Gestaltung von Produkten und Arbeitsplätzen. Einen hohen Bedarf für die Weiterentwicklung sehen Anwender vor allem in der Integration von Kraftanalysen. Eine Möglichkeit zur gelenkwinkel- und kraftrichtungsabhängigen Berechnung statischer Aktionskräfte basiert auf Gelenkmomenten, welche in Maximalmomentkörpern modelliert werden. Auf eine komplexe Muskelmodellierung kann dadurch verzichtet werden.
Der Beitrag beschreibt einen standardisierten technischen Aufbau und Workflow zur Berechnung von maximalen Gelenkmomenten menschlicher Bewegungen. Die definierten Haltungen eines Probanden werden mit einem Motion-Capture-System und die Maximalkräfte mit 3D-Kraftmessplatten aufgezeichnet. Im Anschluss werden die kombinierten Messdaten auf das Menschmodell übertragen und die Gelenkmomente berechnet. Dieser Aufbau wird dann an einem praktischen Beispiel angewandt und validiert.
Anhand von drei Gelenkstellungen der Schulter werden mit je 72 Messungen in 26 Richtungen Aktionskräfte aufgebracht. Die daraus resultierenden Gelenkmomente werden in Maximalmomentkörper überführt. Dabei wird untersucht, inwieweit sich die Form der Momentkörper ändert und welche geometrische Modellierung diese Form am Besten wiederspiegelt.
Workshop »Arbeit 4.0: Gesundheit erhalten – Arbeit gestalten«
Authors: Unger Holger 
Published: August 2020

„Arbeiten 4.0 ist ein Kürzel für die Veränderungen in der gesamten Arbeitswelt und ihre Folgen für die Gesellschaft.“ (BMAS, 2017)
Bei Diskussionen um die „Vierte industrielle Revolution“ stehen technikzentrierte Visionen, die Technologien und technischen Lösungen bis hin zu komplexen Prozessarchitekturen in cyber-physischen Systemen vielfach im Mittelpunkt. Problemstellungen zur Gestaltung guter Arbeitsbedingungen treten oftmals in den Hintergrund und werden häufig vernachlässigt.
Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte unser Workshop »Arbeit 4.0: Gesundheit erhalten – Arbeit gestalten« zum einen zur Sensibilisierung für eine gesundheitsfördernden Arbeitsgestaltung beitragen und zum anderen nach Ansätzen für eine ergonomische und rechtsichere Ausgestaltung von stationärer Telearbeit suchen und dabei Anregungen aus der Praxis aufgreifen.
Der erste Schwerpunkt lag auf der Arbeit mit dem Analyseinstrument INQA-Check „Gesundheit“ durch die Teilnehmer mit dem Fokus einer Weiterentwicklung des Instrumentariums für die Anforderungen einer „Arbeit 4.0“. Im Ergebnis liegen Erfahrungen und Anregungen für die Fortentwicklung des INQA-Check „Gesundheit“ und eine Checkliste als Ausgangspunkt für eine Gefährdungsbeurteilung einer stationären Telearbeit vor.
Im zweiten Teil des Workshops konnten die Teilnehmer zum Thema Work-Life-Balance mit Lego®-Steinen hantieren und das „Lego® Serious Play®“ (LSP) ausprobieren.
A Finite State Machine Based Adaptive Mission Control of Mini Aerial Vehicle
Authors: Battseren Batbayar , Tudevdagva Uranchimeg , Hardt Wolfram 
Published: August 2020

This paper describes a finite state machine for adaptive mission control of mini aerial vehicles. The purpose of a finite state machine is to support mission control during aerial inspection of high voltage transmission lines and insulators independently from environmental and other conditions. One of the basic application of our mini aerial vehicle research is inspection of high voltage transmission lines during its load mode. Around high voltage transmission lines and towers generating a strong electromagnetic field. An electromagnetic fields can be influence negatively to autonomous flight and mission control should be predicted such us situation to avoid possible accident.
Moreover environmental and weather condition always unpredictable and mission control have to adapt for various type of additional constrains which can be make problem for pre-defined mission map and trajectory.
Therefore, it needs to develop mission control for autonomous flight with an adaptive option or capability. Such mission control provides less workload and safety guarantee for the inspection team during the process.
Karácsonyi éneklés Bukarestben és tábortűz körüli dalolás Iaşiban
Authors: Dhondt Pieter , Ioncioaia Florea 
Published: August 2020

1968 szentestéjén a meghökkent járókelők egy utcai demonstrációnak lehettek szemtanúi Bukarest központjában, melynek szemmel láthatóan semmi köze sem volt a rezsim szokásos, többé-kevésbé irányított felvonulásaihoz. A második világháború óta ez volt az első alkalom, hogy Bukarest utcáin spontán, tiltakozó megmozdulásra került sor. Bár a részvevők jelszavai látszólag semmilyen politikai tartalmat sem hordoztak, a felvonulás ténye önmagában is szokatlan, sőt – a Varsói Szerződés tagállamainak nemrégi, csehszlovákiai megszállásának fényében – provokatív volt. Habár 1968. augusztus 21-i beszédében Nicolae Ceauşescu erősen elítélte a megszállást, ez még nem jelentett jogot a nyílt demonstrációkhoz.
Mintegy húsz évvel később, 1987 februárjában csaknem azonos eseménysor zajlott le Észak-Románia jelentős egyetemvárosa, Iaşi lakóinak szemei előtt. A bukarestiekhez hasonlóan megtapasztalhatták egy, az átlagemberek által mellőzött, illetve privilegizáltnak tekintett társadalmi csoport éjszakai kirohanását, a karneváli és polgári attitűd ugyanazon különös kétértelműségét. Ugyanolyan gyors és spontán, de nyílt politikai követelésektől mentes demonstrációnak, s legfőképpen, a városlakókkal való egyesülés iránti hasonló vágynak lehettek tanúi.
Fordította: Polyák Petra
Fotó: cuzanet.ro
Developing a Sample Preparation Approach to Study the Mechanical Behavior of Unsaturated Fine/Coarse Soil Mixture
Authors: Su Yu , Cui Yu-Jun , Dupla Jean-Claude , Canou Jean , Qi Shuai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An interlayer soil was identified in the conventional French railway substructure, corresponding to a mixture of fine soils and coarse grains. As the overall mechanical behavior of the interlayer soil can be conditioned by the microstructure of the fine soils, for the laboratory testing, it is important to develop an appropriate protocol for the sample preparation by compaction, which allows this microstructure effect to be minimized. In this study, two sample preparation approaches were considered for a fine/coarse mixture, with two distinct volumetric contents of coarse grains fv (volumetric ratio of coarse grain to total sample). The microstructure of fine soils was investigated using mercury intrusion porosimetry, and its effect on the overall mechanical behavior was examined through monotonic triaxial tests. Results showed that while compacted dry of optimum, the fine soils exhibited a bimodal porosity microstructure. By contrast, while compacted wet of optimum, the fine soils exhibited a unimodal porosity microstructure. When fv = 10 %, the sample was characterized by a fine matrix macrostructure with coarse grains floating in it. In that case, a strong effect of the microstructure of fine soils on the overall mechanical behavior was identified. On the contrary, when fv = 35 %, the sample was characterized by a coarse grain skeleton. In that case, a very limited microstructure effect of fine soils on the overall mechanical behavior was observed. Thus, while preparing samples of unsaturated fine/coarse soil mixture by compaction to study the overall mechanical behavior, it is important to account for the fv value. At low fv, the compaction at different water contents is to be avoided because of the significant effect of the microstructure of fines. On the contrary, at high fv, the samples at different water contents can be prepared by compacting the mixture at the desired water contents.
Impact of Temperature Rise on the Seismic Performance of Concrete-Filled Double Skin Steel Columns with Prismatic Geometry
Authors: Pachideh Ghasem , Gholhaki Majid , Moshtagh Amin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the impact of temperature rise on the performance of Concrete-Filled Double Skin Tubular Steel Columns with prismatic geometry. In doing so, several columns whose interior cores were square, diamond, and circularly shaped and whose exterior cores were prismatic with a square cross-sectional area that increases with the slope of 2.1 degrees from top to the bottom, were constructed and exposed to the temperatures of 25°C, 250°C, 500°C, and 700°C. Afterward, all column specimens were subjected to cyclic loads adopted from the Applied Technology Council (ATC)-24 loading protocol, which proceeded until the specimens failed to further carry loads. The results indicate that although the failure modes of the columns with an interior core of a square or diamond shape are similar to each other, the columns whose interior cores were circularly shaped experienced more intensive damages compared to the others. The base of the columns was fractured diagonally with a degree of 45 by the temperature of 500°C, but at 700°C, the damages have occurred horizontally at the height of 10 cm from the column base. Moreover, the initial stiffness and ductility ratio of the columns with a diamond-shaped interior core was approximately two times greater than the other columns.