bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factores condicionantes de la responsabilidad social de la empresa: los límites de lo posible
Authors: Araque Padilla Rafael Ángel 
Published: April 2020

El interés suscitado por la idea de Responsabilidad Social de la Empresa (RSE) se está traduciendo en un sinnúmero de iniciativas para ponerla en práctica que parten de diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad. Las realizaciones que se produzcan en el ámbito de la RSE dependerán en último término de las posibilidades de actuación que tenga la empresa, así como de la percepción que ésta se forme al respecto. Sin embargo, estos aspectos son a menudo soslayados en las iniciativas surgentes. A partir de un estudio de casos, en este artículo se indagan algunos de los factores que pueden ser más inﬂuyentes a la hora de entender el planteamiento que hace una organización concreta sobre la RSE.
Noise Properties of Two Mutually Coupled Spin-Transfer Nanooscillators in the Phase Locking Regime
Authors: Mitrofanov A. A. , Safin A. R. , Torina E. M. , Udalov N. N. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Today, many research endeavors are devoted to the miniaturization of microwave sources. One of the promising approaches is the use of magnetic nanostructures (spintronics elements), providing a wide range of frequency tuning and low power consumption. The main disadvantage of spintronics generators (spintransfer nanoscillators ‒ STNO) is a low output power of generated oscillations (tens of nanowatts and less). A possible solution is to sum up the power of many STNOs in a mutual synchronization mode.Aim. The investigation of noise properties of two connected STNOs with identical and non-identical parameters in a phase synchronization mode.Materials and methods. A model was developed of two STNOs interconnected by spin waves taking into account thermal noises. Spectral power densities of the amplitude and phase noise were obtained by the method of effective linearization.Results. Dependencies were obtained in a general form for attenuation coefficients of the amplitude and phase fluctuations of noise sources for each STNO. Three cases of synchronization were considered: completely identical STNOs, two identical STNOs but with different oscillation frequencies, and two non-identical STNOs, differing in an allowance of self-excitation by frequencies and amplitudes of the oscillations. It was possible to obtain a gain in the amplitude and phase noise for two identical STNOs. In this case, an increase in the allowance of self-excitation led to a decrease in the level of phase and amplitude noise.Conclusion. This analysis of the attenuation coefficients for non-identical STNOs demonstrates the possibility of improving the noise properties of each of the generators. In this case, the best noise value is obtained for an STNO with greater stability in a stand-alone mode.
Ultra Wide Band Dielectric Rod Antenna
Authors: Pavlov I. D. , Karaev Ya. V. , Kot M. A. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Often, the space allocated for placement of an antenna has an inconvenient shape for this. The inconvenience is that its overall dimensions, namely the length and height, relate to each other approximately as 5:1. The task of placing the antenna in the space, in the absence of ready-made solutions, involves the development of an antenna with a similar ratio (5:1) of overall dimensions and with the possibility of convenient mounting on a flat conductive surface. Also, in the 9:1 frequency band, the antenna should have the following radio technical characteristics: voltage standing wave coefficient (VSWR) of not more than 3, gain of at least 1 dBi, radiation patterns should be axisymmetric with side lobe level not exceeding 25 %.Aim. Development and study of the characteristics of an ultra-wideband dielectric rod antenna.Materials and methods. Two structurally different versions of an ultra-wideband dielectric rod antenna were proposed. The main radio technical characteristics of both options were obtained through electrodynamic modeling in Ansoft HFSS.Results. As a result of the simulation, the following radio characteristics were obtained: – for the first option, the VSWR does not exceed 3.25 in the required frequency range, the gain varies from 6 to 12 dBi, the axisymmetric radiation patterns with the level of the side lobes not exceeding 30 %; – for the second option, the VSWR does not exceed 2.75 in the required frequency range, the gain varies from 5 to 11 dBi, the axisymmetric radiation patterns with the level of the side lobes not exceeding 20 %; In addition, the structural differences of the second option make it convenient to fix it on a flat conductive surface.Conclusion. Comparison of the obtained results with the requirements for the antenna under consideration shows that, unlike the first, the second option has an acceptable level of matching (VSWR 2.75) and of side radiation of radiation patterns (20 %). Based on this, it can be concluded that only the second option is suitable for the intended application.
Receiving Unit of a Precision Pulsed Laser Range Finder
Authors: Golovkov V. A. , Potapova N. I. , Rudenko P. N. , Stradov B. G. , Teliatnikov S. V. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction. At present the most accurate estimate of ranges is specific to laser range finders using phase measuring techniques. Design of a pulsed laser range finder with short probe pulses enabling one to gain high resolution and accuracy of estimate of target range close to the phase range finders is the topical problem.Aim. Development of a receiving part of the pulsed laser rangefinder with precision characteristics; determination of the accuracy of the measurements; description of the hardware.Materials and methods. The construction of the receiving part of the precision pulsed laser rangefinder with a two-scale digital range estimation system implemented by counting clock generator pulses and an analog integrator that specifies the discrete range estimation was considered. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the energy characteristics of the rangefinder were determined: the accuracy of the range estimation and the probability of false alarm were provided by the developed scheme. The hardware of the precision laser rangefinder was described.Results. The principles of implementation of the receiving part of the laser rangefinder with a two-scale digital system for estimating the distance to the object were given. The results of numerical simulation of rangefinder characteristics were obtained, confirming the accuracy of range estimation of the order of millimeters. In the implemented rangefinder scheme, the probability of false alarm was 10-4 during 200 s of observing signal and noise mixture. The hardware of the precision laser rangefinder with a digital two-scale range estimation was proposed.Conclusion. The implemented laser range finder approaches to the capabilities of phase laser rangefinders in terms of potential accuracy of distance up to millimeters, while implementing the specified parameter in rapidly changing phono-target environment. Using of short probing pulses with a duration of 10...20 ns allows one to achieve a resolution of up to 1.5 m. In contrast to the phase rangefinder the range can be estimated from a single probe pulse.
Philosophical and Legal Interpretations of the Deformations of Legal Awareness in the XX - Early XXI Century
Authors: Melnyk M. V. 
Published: April 2020

It has been stressed that the topic of philosophical and legal interpretations of the deformations of legal awareness in the XX – early XXI century is actively developed by scholars of the countries of the post-Soviet space. Emphasis has been placed on the development of the doctrine on legal nihilism that has been developed in Western European philosophical and legal thought, as well as on the problem of totalitarian legal awareness that has emerged in Soviet society.
It has been revealed that the foundation of the concept of the deformations of legal awareness in Ukrainian philosophical and legal science was laid by the great household names of the past – P. I. Novgorodtsev, I. A. Il`in, M. M. Alekseev, L. I. Petrazhitskii, B. I. Kistiakivskyi and others. There is not so much in the world scientific thought about the deformations of legal awareness, where the concept of legal nihilism is the exception. The foundations of the doctrine of nihilism were laid by such outstanding thinkers as F. Nietzsche, A. Schopenhauer, M. Heidegger, F. H. Jacobi. Therefore, nowadays the doctrine of legal nihilism is the most developed in relation to the types of the deformations of legal awareness.
It has been determined that the “golden age” of this extremely negative social phenomenon occurred at the beginning of the XX century, after the formation of the USSR. Totalitarian propaganda machines, the Soviet Union in particular, tried to transform society into a governed crowd, brainwashed by a certain ideology that led to a degeneration of legal awareness into a totalitarian consciousness and, as a consequence, to the widespread deformation of legal awareness. However, the deformations of legal awareness were not discussed at theoretical level, because they were considered a vestige of bourgeois times.
Discussion about the deformation of legal awareness was initiated by the prominent Soviet legal scholar E. A. Lukasheva in her work “Socialist Legal Awareness and Legality”, where she characterized that the legal awareness of a particular individual can be defective, limited, and backward from the general level of public consciousness, can contain harmful installations and defective assessments of legal phenomena.
Determining the Concept of the Principles of Legal Regulation of Encouragement of the Employees of the National Police of Ukraine
Authors: Sorochan N. V. 
Published: April 2020

The author has researched one of the directions of the modern formation and development of the rule of law state related to the improvement of various branches of law and the relevant legislation in the field of labor law, the definition of the concept and principles of legal regulation of encouragement applicable to the employees of the National Police of Ukraine.
The concept of the principles of legal regulation of encouragement of the employees of the National Police of Ukraine has been defined. It has been found out that encouragement as a mean of legal influence is stimulation of certain behavior of a person under the impact of a certain motive or motives. Legal regulation has been considered as a specific system of normative influence on socially significant, conscious-willed, repeated and stable social relations with the purpose of ordering them. Principles of legal regulation of encouragement of the employees of the National Police of Ukraine have been defined as basic ideas of the system of normative influence on legal relations concerning the encouragement of the specified employees, which determine the content and orientation of its norms and are characterized by systematic, mutually consistent, universal, comprehensive, subjective and regulatory nature. It has been offered to divide these principles into basic and optional ones.
The author has analyzed the scholars’ opinions on determining the concept of promotion in labor law, has studied the essence of promotion in labor law, the definition of legal regulation as a specific system with further clarification of the concept of “principles of legal regulation of promotion of the employees of the National Police of Ukraine”.
The Principles of Administrative Law as a Prism for Assessing the Content of Normative and Legal Provisions: Opportunities for Identifying the Problems and Solutions
Authors: Ivantsov V. O. 
Published: April 2020

The author of the article assesses the content of administrative normative and legal acts (on the example of legal regulation of restrictions on receiving gifts) through the prism of modern understanding of the principles of administrative law, which made it possible to distinguish a number of problems for determining the content of some of them and to work out the ways to solve them, namely:
1) Having studied the norms of the laws of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” and “On Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations” through the prism of the principle of humanism and justice in the relations between the individual and the state, it is proved that the legal possibility in the sphere of legal relations in the sphere cannot be restricted (forbidden) humanism and charity;
2) an analysis of the law enforcement practice of implementing the prohibition on gift giving has often revealed a flagrant violation of the rule of law; emphasized that ensuring the legal certainty of the described ban can be ensured by revealing its content by the National Anti-Corruption Agency;
3) installed:
– uncertainty about the specific characteristics of “allowed gifts”, which requires amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Corruption Prevention” to exclude them or to provide clear explanations within the framework of the NACC Guidelines;
– violation of the provisions of the Typical Anti-Corruption Program of a Legal Entity approved by the Decision of NAPC No. 75 dated from March 2, 2017 No. 75 on the principle of hierarchical highness of law, which requires amendments to them in accordance with the provisions of the Art. 23 of the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption", which defines uniform rules for determining the amount of "allowed gift";
– the content of the concept of "gift" does not correspond to such an important element of the rule of law as "prohibition of discrimination and equality before the law", which requires amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption" in the part of the correction of the concept of "gift" as such is bounded by the restriction of "family-private" relations not related to the performance of functions of the state or local self-government.
As a result, it was found out that the principles of administrative law in order to improve the regulatory acts of the sphere of administrative and legal regulation are: 1) as a criterion for assessing the content of provisions of regulatory legal acts, resulting in the isolation of their shortcomings; 2) legal bases for elaboration of amendments and additions to administrative normative legal acts.
The Right of Pledge on Movable items (Pignus) on Republic of Kosovo
Authors: SALIHU Ekrem 
Published: April 2020

The pledge is an item right based on which its official holder – the pledgee may seek the payment of his/her claims from the item if those aren’t paid within certain time limit. The right of pledge in the Republic of Kosovo constitutes a complex occurrence which has various relations on which at one side is the pledgee creditor, and in the other side are debtor pledgor and other third persons. The role of pledge and its affirmation is related to most qualitative changes of claims.
The right of pledge as item right in foreign item (iura in re aliena) makes a history only to a certain degree of economic and social development. In this degree of development there was a need and necessity to secure the other’s claims even de facto, by the hand item, by ”pledging” of an item. The creditor requires that his claims to the debtor be secured by obtaining of a pledge of debtor item. The debtor’s conjunction of creditor by obtaining debtor’s item is safer for the creditor to realize its claims, rather than when the debtor secured these claims by his/her personality, bail, personal insurance. In the Kosovo legal system there is possessory pledge, non-possessory pledge and the pledge over the rights.
Key word: The Right of Pledge, Pignus, Mortgage, Pledge Object, Pledge Principles, Titles for Obtaining the Right of Pledge by the Hand Item.
Molecular Structure, Pathogenesis and Virology of SARS-CoV-2: A Review
Authors: Akram Arifa , Mannan Nusrat 
Published: April 2020

SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 n-CoV is a newly identified coronavirus which has a high similarity with SARS CoV. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted about 1850220 cases and 114215 deaths worldwide up to 13th April, 2020. The clinical criteria of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia range from mild to critically ill cases. To characterize and control the disease, Chinese authorities did an immediate investigation, including isolation of suspected people, close monitoring of contacts, epidemiological and clinical data collection from patients, and development of diagnostic and treatment procedures. SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant public health risk for human transmission via the S protein–ACE2 binding pathway. It’s spike (S) glyco protein promotes entry into cells. To date, the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been considered genetically more stable than other pandemic viruses like SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. The rapid global spread of 2019-nCoV, which prompted the PHEIC declaration by WHO, signals the urgent need for corona virus vaccines and therapeutics.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2020;7(suppl_1):S36-S40
Effects of wastewater irrigation on soil physico-chemical properties, growth and yield of tomato
Authors: Jahan KM , Khatun R , Islam MZ 
Published: April 2020

The wastewater reuse for the purpose of irrigation may have a significant contribution to reduce water pollution, maximize water utilization and restore nutrient content of soils. An experiment was conducted at Environmental Science Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from January to May, 2015 to investigate the effects of wastewater irrigation on soil physico-chemical properties (Soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), sulphur (S) and sodium (Na)) as well as yield and yield contributing characteristics of tomato crop. In this study, irrigation water, e.g., normal water, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater was used as treatment with three replications. Soil and fruits were collected for analysis during last harvest. From the result, it is found that most of the chemical properties; OM, EC, N, K, S and Na contents were higher in wastewater treated soil compared to normal water irrigation. Among the treatments, plant height, LAI and yield were also higher in wastewater treated plot compared to normal water irrigated plot. Cost benefit analysis indicated that municipal wastewater irrigation gave more profit due to higher yield compared to domestic and industrial wastewater irrigation. From the study, it could be concluded that municipal wastewater irrigation was more profitable in respect of soil nutrient content and yield of tomato.
Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 352-359, 2019
Techno-economic performance of mechanical transplanter for hybrid variety of rice in unpuddled soil
Authors: Basir MS , Ashik-E-Rabbani M , Sarkar S , Alam MM 
Published: April 2020

Unpuddled transplanting of rice as a part of conservation agricultural practice has become significant due to its protective behavior for soil properties and economic profitability. Mechanical transplanting in unpuddled soil using hybrid rice variety leads to a high yield with minimum transplanting time and cost, securing soil nutrients. A study was conducted in Bangladesh Agricultural University to evaluate the efficacy of mechanical transplanting of hybrid rice in unpuddled soil considering field and financial performances of rice transplanter. The experiment was conducted during Boro-2018 season with a Daedong DP-480 rice transplanter. Hybrid rice seed Moyna (HTM303) of Laal Teer seed company Ltd. was used for transplanting at a seed rate of 120g per tray and seedling per hill was adjusted to 2-3 nos. In unpuddled soil, transplanter possessed an effective field capacity, fuel consumption and efficiency of 0.16 ha/h, 4.8 l/ha and 67.48%, respectively. Transplanting time included an idle time of 11% due to clogging with mud. Missing hill percentage was found as 6.1% with a floating hill of 7.36%. Plant heights were 15.72 cm and 86.19 cm at the day of transplanting and at the day of harvesting, with tiller per hill of 18 nos. The average panicle length of plants was found as 23.6 cm where traditionally transplanted rice has panicles of 21.2 cm average. The yields of mechanically transplanted rice in unpuddled soil condition was 5.21 ton/ha and the yield of mechanical transplanted rice in unpuddled soil was found to be 27.07% higher than traditionally transplanted rice. The BCR and IRR of mechanical transplanting in unpuddled soil was found 1.57 and 55% considering 10% discount factor. The payback period, after which the transplanter will overcome its costs, was found 1.68 years. Financial analysis reveals that mechanical transplanting with this field capacity will be beneficial if the transplanter is used to transplant 19.77 ha annually.
Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 405-413, 2019
Construção de um transmissor de energia sem fio: Estudo por indução eletromagnética
Authors: Santos Antonio Marques dos , Brasil Wellington Miranda 
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar que é possível a transmissão de energia elétrica sem a necessidade de fios utilizando bobinas que por meio da indução eletromagnética permite que haja a transmissão de energia elétrica sem fio. Este estudo é bastante útil pois as tecnologias estão se tornando mais compactas levando a portabilidade de alguns aparelhos como o celular, notebook, smartwatch, dentre outros; e todos estes aparelhos necessitam ser carregado em um certo período, e a possibilidade de transmissão de energia elétrica sem fio seria um ótimo recurso para facilitar a vida de usuários que necessitam destes aparelhos por um tempo prolongado. Além do mais verificaremos a eficácia da energia sem fio, possíveis interferências na transmissão de energia sem fio, e os fenômenos físicos presentes no experimento. Para construção do transmissor de energia sem fio foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico e uma pesquisa sobre maneiras de transmitir energia sem fio e foi escolhido o acoplamento indutivo entre duas bobinas, que poderia usar materiais de fácil acesso, onde os materiais utilizados foram: Fio esmaltado 0,7mm; 4 pilhas de 1,5 Volts cada; 1 transistor KPS2222a; 1 Led, 1 multímetro, 1 fita isolante. Para compreender os fenômenos físicos existentes no experimento foram utilizados: Halliday, Rennick (2016), Nussenzveig (1997), Feynman, Leighton e Sands (2008). A Abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa sendo de caráter experimental sendo que os dados levantados foram coletados através de experimentos. Os resultados obtidos nos permite compreender o funcionamento da transmissão de energia sem fio além de constatar a possibilidade de transmitir energia elétrica sem a necessidade de fio. O experimento realizado, além de contribuir para pesquisas acerca de transmissão de energia elétrica sem fio, tem contribuições pedagógicas no processo de ensino como: 1. Definir o fluxo magnético; 2. Constatar que a variação do fluxo magnético pode conduzir uma corrente elétrica, 3. Esclarecer a lei de Faraday: que a corrente induzida em um circuito fechado e proporcional a variação do fluxo magnético, 4. Verificar que é possível induzir correntes alternadas. Estas etapas revelam a abrangência da atividade laboratorial, sendo evidente a importância da experiência na área da Física.