bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To belong or not to belong: Protecting minority engagement in the face of discrimination
Authors: Heikamp Tobias , Phalet Karen , Van Laar Colette , Verschueren Karine 
Published: September 2020

School belonging is pivotal in enabling sustained task engagement, yet minorities' belonging is contingent on the intergroup context. From a social identity approach, discrimination experiences elicit identity threat, undermining school belonging. Conversely, a positive diversity climate may shield belonging through protecting minority identities. This study addresses minority school belonging and task engagement from the interplay of identity threat and protection in diverse classrooms. We hypothesise that a positive diversity climate can buffer minority disengagement in response to discrimination by protecting school belonging. Drawing on Turkish and Moroccan minority samples (N = 1050) in 274 diverse classrooms in 52 Belgian secondary schools, we test multilevel models with school belonging as mediating process connecting minorities' engagement to the interplay of discrimination experiences with perceived diversity climate. Minority youth who experienced discrimination from teachers reported less school belonging, which in turn predicted lower task engagement. Conversely, minority perceptions of a positive diversity climate predicted more belonging. Moreover, perceived diversity climate buffered minority engagement against personal experiences of discrimination through protecting school belonging. Whereas discrimination experiences undermined minority school belonging and task engagement, minority perceptions of a positive diversity climate protected belonging and engagement against discrimination.
Institutional reform and irrigation water pricing in China*
Authors: Ni Wenjin , Dang Ping , Ding Kunlun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe management of irrigation schemes in China mainly adopts a management mode of combining professional management by irrigation scheme administration (an irrigation scheme management agency) and self‐independent management by farmers (a water users’ association). This paper summarizes the basic situation of the management system of irrigation schemes and water pricing of irrigation in China, the challenges faced, the progress of reform and the results obtained. Analyses are also given on the reform of professional management organizations of irrigation schemes, the development and roles of water users’ associations, and government support and policy safeguarding measures for the reform. An irrigation water fee is an important source of funds for the operation and maintenance of irrigation schemes. At present, the overall irrigation water price is far lower than the operation and maintenance cost of irrigation schemes, and the collection rate of water fees is relatively low. The comprehensive reform of irrigation water pricing and its progress are presented in this paper. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Potential Drug‐Drug Interaction Risk of Pexidartinib With Substrates of Cytochrome P450 and P‐Glycoprotein
Authors: Zahir Hamim , Kobayashi Fumiaki , Zamora Cynthia , Gajee Roohi , Gordon Michael S. , Babiker Hani M. , Wang Qiang , Greenberg Jonathan , Wagner Andrew J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPexidartinib is approved for treatment of adults with symptomatic tenosynovial giant cell tumor. In vitro data showed pexidartinib's potential to inhibit and induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, inhibit CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Herein, 2 open‐label, single‐sequence, crossover studies evaluated the drug‐drug interaction potential of pexidartinib on CYP enzymes (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A) and P‐gp. Thirty‐two subjects received single oral doses of midazolam (CYP3A substrate) and tolbutamide (CYP2C9 substrate) alone and after single and multiple oral doses of pexidartinib. Twenty subjects received single oral doses of omeprazole (CYP2C19 substrate) and digoxin (P‐gp substrate) alone or with pexidartinib. Analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effect of pexidartinib on various substrates’ pharmacokinetics. No drug‐drug interaction was concluded if the 90% confidence interval of the ratio of test to reference was within the range 80% to 125%. Coadministration of single and multiple doses of pexidartinib resulted in 21% and 52% decreases, respectively, in the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last measurable time point (AUClast) of midazolam, whereas AUClast values of tolbutamide increased 15% and 36%, respectively. Omeprazole exposure decreased on concurrent administration with pexidartinib, the metabolite‐to‐parent ratio was similar following omeprazole administration alone vs coadministration with pexidartinib; pexidartinib did not affect CYP2C19‐mediated metabolism. Maximum plasma concentrations of digoxin slightly increased (32%) with pexidartinib coadministration; no significant effect on digoxin AUClast. These results indicate that pexidartinib is a moderate inducer of CYP3A and a weak inhibitor of CYP2C9 and does not significantly affect CYP2C19‐mediated metabolism or P‐gp transport.
Malassezia spp. induce inflammatory cytokines and activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in phagocytes
Authors: Wolf Andrea J , Limon Jose J , Nguyen Christopher , Prince Alexander , Castro Anthony , Underhill David M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Malassezia spp. are common eukaryotic yeasts that colonize mammalian skin. Recently, the authors and others have observed that Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta can be found in the intestines in the context of certain diseases, including Crohn’s disease and pancreatic cancer. In order to better understand the nature of innate inflammatory responses to these yeasts, inflammatory responses induced by M. restricta and M. globosa in mouse bone marrow-derived Mϕs (BMDM) and dendritic cells (BMDC) are evaluated. While Malassezia yeasts induce proinflammatory cytokine production from both Mϕs and dendritic cells, the levels of production from BMDC were more pronounced. Both M. restricta and M. globosa activated inflammatory cytokine production from BMDC in large part through Dectin2 and CARD9 signaling, although additional receptors appear to be involved in phagocytosis and activation of reactive oxygen production in response to the yeasts. Both M. restricta and M. globosa stimulate production of pro-IL-1β as well as activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Malassezia fungi requires SYK signaling, potassium efflux and actin rearrangement. Together, the data further the understanding of the coordinated involvement of multiple innate immune receptors in recognizing Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta and orchestrating phagocyte inflammatory and antimicrobial responses.
The dynamics of immune response in COVID‐19 patients with different illness severity
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yue Daoyuan , Wang Yun , Wang Feng , Wu Shiji , Hou Hongyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and specific antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with different illness severity. The amounts of lymphocyte subsets and the levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody were retrospectively analyzed in 707 COVID‐19 cases. The amounts of lymphocyte subsets were significantly decreased with the increased severity of illness and the levels of IgM and IgG were lower in critical cases than severe and moderate cases. In deceased patients, the lymphocytes subsets were significantly lower than recovered patients. However, the relationship between the levels of IgM and IgG and the amounts of lymphocyte subsets were not significantly correlated. During different stages of COVID‐19, the total T cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell counts were gradually recovered to the normal levels in severe and critical groups but the changing trend was relatively stable in the moderate group. The production of IgM and IgG antibodies were delayed in critical groups but also could reach the peak levels at one month after illness onset and decreased to background levels. To detect the kinetics of lymphocytes and antibodies has important clinical value in predicting the illness severity and understanding the pathogenesis of COVID‐19.
Concurrent Deep Brain Stimulation Reduces the Direct Cortical Stimulation Necessary for Motor Output
Authors: Weaver Kurt E. , Caldwell David J. , Cronin Jeneva A. , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Kogan Michael , Houston Brady , Sanchez Victor , Martinez Vicente , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Rane Swati , Ko Andrew L. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundConverging literatures suggest that deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease affects multiple circuit mechanisms. One proposed mechanism is the normalization of primary motor cortex (M1) pathophysiology via effects on the hyperdirect pathway.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that DBS would reduce the current intensity necessary to modulate motor‐evoked potentials from focally applied direct cortical stimulation (DCS).MethodsIntraoperative subthalamic DBS, DCS, and preoperative diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired in 8 patients with Parkinson's disease.ResultsIn 7 of 8 patients, DBS significantly reduced the M1 DCS current intensity required to elicit motor‐evoked potentials. This neuromodulation was specific to select DBS bipolar configurations. In addition, the volume of activated tissue models of these configurations were significantly associated with overlap of the hyperdirect pathway.ConclusionsDBS reduces the current necessary to elicit a motor‐evoked potential using DCS. This supports a circuit mechanism of DBS effectiveness, potentially involving the hyperdirect pathway that speculatively may underlie reductions in hypokinetic abnormalities in Parkinson's disease. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Inhibitors of bromodomain and extra‐terminal proteins for treating multiple human diseases
Authors: Kulikowski Ewelina , Rakai Brooke D. , Wong Norman C. W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClinical development of bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) protein inhibitors differs from the traditional course of drug development. These drugs are simultaneously being evaluated for treating a wide spectrum of human diseases due to their novel mechanism of action. BET proteins are epigenetic “readers,” which play a primary role in transcription. Here, we briefly describe the BET family of proteins, of which BRD4 has been studied most extensively. We discuss BRD4 activity at latent enhancers as an example of BET protein function. We examine BRD4 redistribution and enhancer reprogramming in embryonic development, cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases, presenting hallmark studies that highlight BET proteins as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. We review the currently available approaches to targeting BET proteins, methods of selectively targeting individual bromodomains, and review studies that compare the effects of selective BET inhibition to those of pan‐BET inhibition. Lastly, we examine the current clinical landscape of BET inhibitor development.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression in surgical patients at the hospital, 6 weeks and 6 months postsurgery: A questionnaire study
Authors: Sveinsdóttir Herdís , Zoëga Sigríður , Ingadóttir Brynja , Blöndal Katrín 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in surgical patients at three time points: at hospital postsurgery (T1), 6 weeks (T2) and 6 months (T3) postdischarge from hospital; and detect situations and experiences that predict symptoms of anxiety and depression at T2 and T3.DesignProspective, explorative two‐site follow‐up study.MethodsPatients having selected surgeries from January–July 2016 were invited to participate. Final participation was 390 patients. Participation involved answering questionnaires, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). A stepwise multiple linear regression model was employed to calculate predictors of anxiety and depression.ResultsThe proportion of patients presenting with moderate‐to‐severe anxiety or depression ranged from 5.4%–20.2% at different times. Major predictors of anxiety at both times were not feeling rested upon awakening and higher scores on HADS‐Anxiety at T1 and T2 and at T2 also experiencing more distressing postoperative symptoms. For depression, the major predictors were at both times higher scores on HADS‐Depression at T2 and T3 and also at T2 not feeling rested upon awakening and at T3 reporting delayed or very delayed recovery.The four models explained from 43.9%–55.6% of the variance in symptoms of anxiety and depression. Our findings show that patients presenting with psychological distress at the hospital are in a vulnerable position. Also, that benefits of good sleep during the recovery should be emphasized during hospital stay.
Developing multiscale and integrative nature–people scenarios using the Nature Futures Framework
Authors: Pereira Laura M. , Davies Kathryn K. , den Belder Eefje , Ferrier Simon , Karlsson‐Vinkhuyzen Sylvia , Kim HyeJin , Kuiper Jan J. , Okayasu Sana , Palomo Maria G. , Pereira Henrique M. , Peterson Garry , Sathyapalan Jyothis , Schoolenberg Machteld , Alkemade Rob , Carvalho Ribeiro Sonia , Greenaway Alison , Hauck Jennifer , King Nicholas , Lazarova Tanya , Ravera Federica , Chettri Nakul , Cheung William W. L. , Hendriks Rob J. J. , Kolomytsev Grigoriy , Leadley Paul , Metzger Jean‐Paul , Ninan Karachepone N. , Pichs Ramon , Popp Alexander , Rondinini Carlo , Rosa Isabel , van Vuuren Detlef , Lundquist Carolyn J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Scientists have repeatedly argued that transformative, multiscale global scenarios are needed as tools in the quest to halt the decline of biodiversity and achieve sustainability goals.

As a first step towards achieving this, the researchers who participated in the scenarios and models expert group of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) entered into an iterative, participatory process that led to the development of the Nature Futures Framework (NFF).

The NFF is a heuristic tool that captures diverse, positive relationships of humans with nature in the form of a triangle. It can be used both as a boundary object for continuously opening up more plural perspectives in the creation of desirable nature scenarios and as an actionable framework for developing consistent nature scenarios across multiple scales.

Here we describe the methods employed to develop the NFF and how it fits into a longer term process to create transformative, multiscale scenarios for nature. We argue that the contribution of the NFF is twofold: (a) its ability to hold a plurality of perspectives on what is desirable, which enables the development of joint goals and visions and recognizes the possible convergence and synergies of measures to achieve these visions and (b), its multiscale functionality for elaborating scenarios and models that can inform decision‐making at relevant levels, making it applicable across specific places and perspectives on nature.

If humanity is to achieve its goal of a more sustainable and prosperous future rooted in a flourishing nature, it is critical to open up a space for more plural perspectives of human–nature relationships. As the global community sets out to develop new goals for biodiversity, the NFF can be used as a navigation tool helping to make diverse, desirable futures possible.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Administrative data identify sickle cell disease: A critical review of approaches in U.S. health services research
Authors: Grosse Scott D. , Green Nancy S. , Reeves Sarah L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo identify people living with sickle cell disease (SCD) and study their healthcare utilization, researchers can either use clinical records linked to administrative data or use billing diagnosis codes in stand‐alone administrative databases. Correct identification of individuals clinically managed for SCD using diagnosis codes in claims databases is limited by the accuracy of billing codes in outpatient encounters. In this critical review, we assess the strengths and limitations of claims‐based SCD case‐finding algorithms in stand‐alone administrative databases that contain both inpatient and outpatient records. Validation studies conducted using clinical records and newborn screening for confirmation of SCD case status have found that algorithms that require three or more nonpharmacy claims or one inpatient claim plus two or more outpatient claims with SCD codes show acceptable accuracy (positive predictive value and sensitivity) in children and adolescents. Future studies might seek to assess the accuracy of case‐finding algorithms over the lifespan.
The gut microbiome in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Masetti Riccardo , Zama Daniele , Leardini Davide , Muratore Edoardo , Turroni Silvia , Prete Arcangelo , Brigidi Patrizia , Pession Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiome (GM) has been associated with different clinical outcomes in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Large multicenter cohort studies in adults have found significant correlations with overall survival, relapse, and incidence of complications. Moreover, GM is already a promising target for therapeutic interventions. However, few data are available in children, a population presenting unique features and challenges. During childhood, the GM evolves rapidly with large structural fluctuations, alongside with the maturation of the immune system. Furthermore, the HSCT procedure presents significant differences in children. These considerations underline the importance of a specific focus on the pediatric setting, and the role of GM and its age‐dependent trajectory in influencing the immunity reconstitution and clinical outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence in the field of GM and pediatric HSCT, highlighting age‐specific issues and discussing GM‐based therapeutic approaches.
The splitting tendency of uniaxially‐orientedPETtapes investigated with nano‐indentation, nano‐scratch, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray
Authors: Sikder Arun Kumar , Kleppinger Ralf , Bashir Zahir , Freudenschuss G. , Fürst Herbert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarlier, various additives werescreened to improve the weavability of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) tape. For predicting the weavability, three tests had been used: tensile impact strength, fibrillar versus puckered fracture and an axial folding test. This paper shows the possibility of using a simple nano‐indentation method to decide on the splintering tendency of uniaxially‐oriented PET tapes, as a predictor for weavability. A plasticity index derived from the nano‐indentation correlated with PET tapes that were, or were not, weavable. Nano‐scratches applied parallel and perpendicular to the tape also showed differences that could be correlated to the splitting tendency. While investigating these tests methods, it was observed that pure uniaxially‐ oriented PET tape heat set at 140°C had a non‐splintering character even without additives, while polymeric additives were needed to resist splintering for the tape heat set at 240°C. Calorimetry showed no difference in heat‐of‐fusion implying identical crystallinity in the tapes heat set at 140°C and 240°C. However, X‐ray studies revealed that the crystallites in the tape heat set at 140°C were smaller/and or imperfect, and hence there were more lateral tie‐molecules that provided it the splitting resistance. Pure PET tape if heat set below 150°C may be a workable solution for weaving, thereby dispensing with the need for toughening additives.
Nanostructured cigarette wrapper encapsulated PDMS‐RGO sandwiched composite for high performance EMI shielding applications
Authors: De Anurima , Bera Ranadip , Paria Sarbaranjan , Karan Sumanta Kumar , Das Amit Kumar , Maitra Anirban , Si Suman Kumar , Halder Lopamudra , Ojha Suparna , Khatua Bhanu Bhusan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere, we report a unique hybrid sandwich‐type composite structure consisting of waste cigarette wrapper (CW) inserted in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite matrix that displays a high EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of ~50.79 dB in the extended Ku‐band. The function of the inserted CW is to facilitate the multiple reflections and heat dissipation as it contains an Al coating. The interior of CW in the composite as well as the three‐dimensional conductive networks of RGO throughout the PDMS matrix facilitates the microwave absorption through conductive dissipation and heat dissipation. Thus, an absorption‐multiple reflection‐absorption pathway is followed due to the combination of three sandwiched layers, that is, PDMS‐RGO, CW, and PDMS‐RGO. The sandwich architecture of the hybrid PDMS nanocomposite containing both CW and RGO displays a superior EMI SE over the nanocomposite that only contains RGO as filler in PDMS matrix. Moreover, the fabricated composite displays a high thermal conductivity which helps to dissipate the radiated microwave energy via a Joule heating effect. Thus, the fabricated lightweight and flexible hybrid composite structure could be an efficient microwave absorber which offers an attractive and cost‐effective alternative approach to metal based conventional EMI shielding materials.
Registration of ‘Purple Bounty’ and ‘Purple Prosperity’ hairy vetch
Authors: Moore Virginia Mae , Maul Jude E. , Wilson Dave , Curran William S. , Brainard Daniel C. , Devine Thomas E. , Mirsky Steven B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cultivars ‘Purple Bounty’ (Reg. no. CV‐12, PI 648342) and ‘Purple Prosperity’ (Reg. no. CV‐11, PI 654047) were released in 2007 and 2008, respectively, by the USDA–ARS in collaboration with the Rodale Institute and the agricultural experiment stations of Pennsylvania State University and Cornell University. Hairy vetch is a commonly used annual legume cover crop grown for its cold tolerance, fast growth, large biomass production, and ability to fix N2. However, this species has not been selected for the traits needed to optimize its use as a cover crop. Our breeding program focused on developing a cultivar that was both early flowering and had adequate winter survival and therefore adapted to mechanical termination in organic no‐till production in the U.S. Northeast and Mid‐Atlantic. Purple Bounty and Purple Prosperity were developed between 1998 and 2005 using recurrent selection at nurseries in Beltsville and Keedysville, MD. In 2005–2006, selections were evaluated against commercial checks for flowering time in Maryland and Pennsylvania, and in the 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 seasons they were evaluated in 10 locations (12 total site‐years) across the United States for winter survival. Purple Bounty and Purple Prosperity both flowered earlier than the commercial material against which they were tested (significance depended on the date and site); Purple Bounty was the earlier flowering of the two cultivars. Purple Bounty and Purple Prosperity also had equivalent or improved winter survival compared with ‘AU Early Cover’, an early‐maturing cultivar developed in the southern United States, at all test locations. Purple Prosperity is no longer commercially available, but Purple Bounty is currently licensed and distributed by Allied Seed (Nampa, ID).