bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages linked to root development enhance rice biomass accumulation under elevated carbon dioxide conditions
Authors: He Jiang , Zhang Weiyang , Zhu Kuanyu , Wang Zhiqin , Wang Weilu , Yang Jianchang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo explore the effects of an increased CO2 concentration on the growth and N absorption and utilization of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, the Liangyoupeijiu (LY) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ) rice cultivars were grown under ambient CO2 (400 μmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 (600 μmol mol−1) combined with high N (2.5 mM) and low N (0.5 mM) treatments. The effects of elevated CO2 on root morphological and physiological characteristics, N uptake and utilization, and dry matter accumulation and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that the elevated CO2 levels significantly increased the total biomass of LY under different N levels but only significantly increased the total biomass of NJ under high N. Elevated CO2 significantly increased the N concentrations in the organs of LY but had no significant effect on the N concentrations in the organs of NJ. As a result, elevated CO2 significantly increased the N accumulation of LY but decreased the N uptake of NJ under low N. Under elevated CO2 conditions, the total root length and root surface area of LY increased, and the roots also maintained high activity. The larger roots and higher physiological activity and N accumulation of LY were the important reasons for the high levels of dry matter production in response to elevated CO2. Improvements in the root morphology and physiological activity of rice in future breeding efforts should enhance the dry matter production of low‐response rice.
Do plant secondary metabolite‐containing forages influence soil processes in pasture systems?
Authors: Clemensen Andrea K. , Villalba Juan J. , Rottinghaus George E. , Lee Stephen T. , Provenza Fred D. , Reeve Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGrazed pastures are susceptible to N loss from urine/manure additions, which increases eutrophication, affecting the global N cycle. Plant secondary metabolites (PSM), such as condensed tannins (CT) and terpenes, influence silviculture soil dynamics by generally decreasing N mineralization. We investigated whether cattle‐grazed pastures of non‐traditional grass and legume forage monoculture strips including CT‐containing sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and tall fescue (TF) [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] influenced soil dynamics compared with traditional grass and legume forage monoculture strips of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), without tannins, and TF. Throughout the study, CT in sainfoin averaged 58.9 g kg−1 whereas alfalfa saponins averaged 5.7 g kg−1. We observed greater soil microbial respiration (p = .01) in TF strips than legume strips, indicating greater microbial activity, and between legumes we found greater soil NO3 (p = .01) in alfalfa than in sainfoin, although aboveground biomass and N differences were negligible. We also conducted a laboratory soil‐feces incubation study to determine if feces from cattle foraging diets of legumes with or without CT influenced soil dynamics. Both feces treatments showed lower NO3 (p < .001) than without feces, suggesting microbial inhibition. Dehydrogenase activity (DHEA) was lower (p = .03) in sainfoin than alfalfa feces, suggesting CT from sainfoin inhibit DHEA. To our knowledge this study is the first considering whether CT‐containing sainfoin and saponin‐containing alfalfa influence soil dynamics by assessing general differences in soil parameters. More research is needed to determine whether specific PSM mitigate N loss in pasture systems by slowing N mineralization.
Prevalence and risk factors for post‐traumatic stress disorder in Japanese relatives of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients after receiving a pamphlet concerning the grieving process
Authors: Suzuki Megumi , Yanagawa Youichi , Sakamoto Aya , Sugiyama Haruka , Nozawa Yoko 
Published: July 2020

AimTo investigate the prospective frequency of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among relatives of sudden death patients following provision of a pamphlet explaining the stages of the complicated grief process and self‐regulating techniques.MethodsFrom May 2017 to February 2018, we prospectively and consecutively provided a pamphlet to relatives of out‐of‐hospital sudden cardiac arrest victims who failed to obtain spontaneous circulation. We investigated the psychiatric status of the bereaved relatives using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES‐R). An IES‐R score over 24 was defined as PTSD.ResultsFifty‐four relatives of the 54 dead patients (victims) provided permission of entry to this research. All subjects and victims were Japanese. Among them, 24 subjects had an IES‐R score of 0 and 5 (9.3%) had PTSD approximately 1 month after their bereavement. There were no relatives who received spontaneous psychiatric treatment. The IES‐R scores for non‐medical cardiac arrest, death inquests, and parent variables were significantly higher compared with medical cardiac arrest, no inquest, and no parent, respectively. The IES‐R scores in those who were a child of the victim were significantly lower than in those who were not.ConclusionThe present study showed that the frequency of PTSD was 9.3% at 1 month following bereavement among Japanese relatives of sudden death victims after an intervention. This frequency was minimal compared with previous reports.
Evanescent Wave‐Guided Growth of an Organic Supramolecular Nanowire Array
Authors: Su Hua , Niu Ben , Li Haoran , Liu Fei , Yuan Tinglian , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ordered assembly of molecules within a specific space of nanoscale, such as a surface, holds great promise in advanced micro‐/nanostructure fabrication for various applications. Herein, we demonstrate the evanescent wave (EW)‐guided organization of small molecules into a long‐range ordered nanowire (NW) array. Experiment and simulation revealed that the orientation and periodicity of the NW array were feasibly regulated by altering the propagation direction and the wavelength of EW. The generality of this approach was demonstrated by using different molecule precursors. While existing studies on EW often took advantages of its near‐field property for optical sensing, this work demonstrated the photochemical power of EW in the guided‐assembly of small molecules for the first time. It also provides an enlightening avenue to periodic structure with fluorescence, promising for super‐resolution microscopy and important devices applicable to optical and bio‐related fields.
A Versatile Enantioselective Catalytic Cyclopropanation‐Rearrangement Approach to the Divergent Construction of Chiral Spiroaminals and Fused Bicyclic Acetals
Authors: Zhou Li , Yan Wen‐Guang , Sun Xiu‐Li , Wang Lijia , Tang Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA highly enantioselective synthesis of various chiral heterobicyclic molecules including spiroaminals and fused bicyclic acetals has been developed via a chiral copper catalyzed cyclopropanation‐rearrangement (CP‐RA) approach under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, the asymmetric CP‐RA for exocyclic vinyl substrates without a pro‐stereogenic carbon at the β‐position has been realized for the first time and a broad substrate scope with excellent results (33 examples; 34–99 % yields; >95/5 dr and 91–99 % ee) has been achieved. An application of a successive enantioselective CP‐RA approach was also described, providing a concise access to complex chiral heteropolycycles.
Truncated reactive center loop decrease the inhibitory activity of Antheraea pernyi serine protease inhibitor 6
Authors: Wang Guobao , Na Shuang , Qin Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere, we assessed the effect of a systematic change in reactive center loop (RCL) length, N‐terminal to the reactive center, on the inhibitory activity of the recombinant Apserpin‐6. The domain prediction results indicated that the RCL is located between the amino acid numbered 359–379 at the C‐terminal of Apserpin‐6. The N‐terminal variable region for amino acid positions P7–P1 of the RCL of Apserpin‐6 was truncated or extended by residue deletion or insertion using site‐directed mutagenesis. The recombinant Apserpin‐6 with one or two residues insertion in RCL had no effect on prophenoloxidase (proPO) activity, whereas deletion of one or two residues in RCL lowered the efficiency of inhibition of Apserpin‐6. The results of this study will facilitate the understanding of inhibition mechanism of RCL on proPO activity.
A novel semi‐mechanistic tumor growth fraction model for translation of preclinical efficacy of anti‐glypican 3 antibody drug conjugate to human
Authors: Singh Renu , Kozhich Alexander , Pan Chin , Lee Francis , Cardarelli Pina , Vangipuram Rangan , Iyer Rama , Marathe Punit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe growing fraction (GF) of tumor has been reported as one of the predictive markers of the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Therefore, a semi‐mechanistic model has been developed that describes tumor growth on the basis of cell cycle, allowing the incorporation of the GF of a tumor in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling. Efficacy data of anti‐glypican 3 (GPC3) antibody drug conjugate (ADC) in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient derived xenograft (PDX) model was used for evaluation of this proposed model. Our model was able to describe the kinetics of growth inhibition of HCC PDX models following treatment with anti‐GPC3 ADC remarkably well. The estimated tumurostatic concentrations were used in tandem with human PKs translated from cynomolgus monkey for prediction of the efficacious dose. The projected efficacious human dose of anti‐GPC3 ADC was in the range 0.20–0.63 mg/kg for the Q3W dosing regimen, with a median dose of 0.50 mg/kg. This publication is the first step in evaluating the applicability of GF in PK/PD modeling of ADCs. The authors are hopeful that incorporation of GF will result in an improved translation of the preclinical efficacy of ADCs to clinical settings and thereby better prediction of the efficacious human dose.
Efficacy and safety of intracoronary epinephrine versus conventional treatments alone in STEMI patients with refractory coronary no‐reflow during primary PCI: The RESTORE observational study
Authors: Navarese Eliano P. , Frediani Lara , Kandzari David E. , Caiazzo Gianluca , Cenname Angela Marella , Cortese Bernardo , Piva Tommaso , Muçaj Andi , Tumscitz Carlo , Paparoni Francesco , Larosa Claudio , Bisceglia Teodoro , Menozzi Mila , Gurbel Paul A. , Kubica Jacek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to compare intracoronary (IC) epinephrine versus conventional treatments alone in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and refractory coronary no‐reflow during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).MethodsThirty consecutive patients with severe refractory coronary no‐reflow (TIMI 0–1, MBG 0–1) during PPCI were prospectively included after initial failure of conventional treatments. Conventional treatments used in both groups included IC nitrates, thrombectomy. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and adenosine. Patients received IC epinephrine or no epinephrine.ResultsIntracoronary administration of epinephrine yielded significantly better coronary flow patterns (28.6% TIMI 3, 64.3% TIMI 2, 7.1% TIMI 1, and 0% TIMI 0), compared to those after treatment with conventional agents alone (18.8% TIMI 3, 12.5% TIMI 2, 37.5% TIMI 1, and 31.3% TIMI 0) (p value between groups = .004). In the IC epinephrine vs. no epinephrine group there was a significant reduction of 30‐day composite of death or heart failure (35.7% vs. 81.25%), improvement of ejection fraction (p = .01) and ST‐segment resolution (p = .01).ConclusionsThe findings of this proof‐of‐concept study suggest that as compared to use of conventional agents alone, IC epinephrine provides substantial improvement of coronary flow in STEMI patients with refractory no‐reflow during PPCI that may result into improved prognosis.
Proximal to distal Y‐stenting for coronary bifurcation lesions using radial access: A modern bifurcation technique
Authors: Ding Patricia Ying Jia , Webber Bruce , Ormiston John , Webster Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProximal to distal Y stenting technique is a modified bifurcation technique based on the original Y stenting technique described over 20 years ago. We use a bench top model to illustrate the steps of the technique, which can provide both provisional and full coverage options, using radial artery access. This technique may be applied in clinical settings on a wide range of bifurcation anatomies with a number of unique advantages.
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Authors: Karki Bipin , Pun Bishika , Shrestha Amit , Shrestha Pramesh Sunder 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSuperior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, though rare, should be considered in patients with duodenal obstruction with no other causes. History of recent weight loss and imaging modalities help in the diagnosis. Conservative management can be tried before going for surgery.
Microstructural Changes of Prussian Blue Derivatives during Cycling in Zinc‐Containing Electrolytes
Authors: Kasiri Ghoncheh , Glenneberg Jens , Kun Robert , Zampardi Giorgia , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe reversible electrochemical insertion of zinc into host materials has been shown to be very promising for large‐scale energy storage applications. In particular, copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) and its derivatives from the Prussian Blue family enable a fast and reversible (de‐)insertion of zinc ions when operated in a zinc‐based aqueous electrolyte. In this work, the effect of the concentration of a zinc sulfate‐containing aqueous neutral solution on the aging of CuHCF and copper‐zinc hexacyanoferrate mixture (CuZnHCF) was studied. The electrochemical and morphological analysis revealed the occurrence of a phase change during the materials aging. Such phase transformation induced morphological changes, different from the ones formed when the materials were cycled in lower electrolyte concentration. In the case of CuZnHCF, the occurrence of a spike‐shaped morphology upon cycling, which appears to be electrochemically inactive, caused a faster capacity fading.
Cationic NHC‐Phosphine Iridium Complexes: Highly Active Catalysts for Base‐Free Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Quan Xu , Kerdphon Sutthichat , Peters Bram B. C. , Rujirawanich Janjira , Krajangsri Suppachai , Jongcharoenkamol Jira , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene‐phosphine iridium complexes have been synthesized and evaluated in the hydrogenation of ketones. Reported catalytic systems require base additives and, if excluded, need elevated temperature or high pressure of hydrogen gas to achieve satisfactory reactivity. The developed catalysts showed extremely high reactivity and good enantioselectivity under base‐free and mild conditions. In the presence of 1 mol % catalyst under 1 bar hydrogen pressure at room temperature, hydrogenation was complete in 30 minutes giving up to 96 % ee. Again, this high reactivity was achieved in additive‐free conditions. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that balloon pressure of hydrogen was sufficient to form the activate species by reducing and eliminating the 1,5‐cyclooctadiene ligand. The pre‐activated catalyst was able to hydrogenate acetophenone with 89 % conversion in 5 min.
Aerial high‐throughput phenotyping enables indirect selection for grain yield at the early generation, seed‐limited stages in breeding programs
Authors: Krause Margaret R. , Mondal Suchismita , Crossa José , Singh Ravi P. , Pinto Francisco , Haghighattalab Atena , Shrestha Sandesh , Rutkoski Jessica , Gore Michael A. , Sorrells Mark E. , Poland Jesse 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBreeding programs for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops require one or more generations of seed increase before replicated trials can be sown to assess yield. Extensive phenotyping at this stage is challenging because of the small sizes of plots and large numbers of lines under evaluation, and therefore, breeders typically rely on visual selection to promote lines to yield evaluation. Aerial high‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) enables the rapid acquisition of traits that may be useful for selection among early generation lines. With the objective of assessing the potential for aerial measurements recorded on seed increase plots to improve indirect selection for grain yield (GY), two sets of 1,008 early generation bread wheat breeding lines were sown both as replicated yield trials (YTs) and as small, unreplicated plots (SPs) at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center during two breeding cycles. Normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the SPs were observed to be heritable and moderately correlated with GY assessed in YTs. Furthermore, NDVI was more predictive of GY than univariate genomic selection (GS), with still higher overall predictive abilities from multitrait approaches. A related experiment showed that selection based on NDVI would have outperformed visual selection, though this approach would have driven a directional response in phenology because of confounding between phenology, NDVI, and GY. A restricted selection index was proposed to address this issue. These results provide a promising outlook for the use of aerial HTP to improve selection at the early generation, seed‐limited stages of breeding programs.
Genotype‐by‐environment interaction for turfgrass quality in bermudagrass across the southeastern United States
Authors: Gouveia Beatriz Tomé , Rios Esteban Fernando , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues , Gezan Salvador A. , Munoz Patricio R. , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Unruh J. Bryan , Miller Grady L. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R. , Schwartz Brian M. , Raymer Paul L. , Chandra Ambika , Wherley Benjamin G. , Wu Yanqi , Martin Dennis , Moss Justin Q. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstimation of genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI) is important in breeding programs because it provides critical information to guide selection decisions. In general, multienvironment trials exhibit heterogeneity of variances and covariances at several levels. Thus, the objectives of this study were (a) to find the best genetic covariance matrix to model GEI and compare changes in genotypic rankings between the best covariance structure against a compound symmetry structure, (b) to define mega‐environments for turfgrass performance across the southeastern United States, and (c) to estimate genetic correlations between drought or nondrought and growing or nongrowing conditions to determine the extent of GEI under specific environments. Three nurseries with 165, 164, and 154 genotypes were evaluated in 2011–2012, 2012–2013, and 2013–2014, respectively. These nurseries were conducted at eight locations (Citra, FL; Hague, FL; College Station, TX; Dallas, TX; Griffin, GA; Tifton, GA; Stillwater, OK; and Jackson Springs, NC). The response variables were averaged turfgrass quality (TQ), TQ under drought (TQD), nondrought TQ (TQND), TQ under actively growing months (TQG), and TQ under nongrowing months (TQNG). This study demonstrated that (a) the best variance structure varied among traits and seasons, and changes in genotype rankings were dependent on GEI; (b) considering TQ and TQND, mega‐environments formed between Jackson Springs and College Station, and between Citra, Dallas, and Griffin, whereas Stillwater, Hague, and Tifton represented unique environments across the southeastern United States; and (c) genetic correlations between drought or nondrought and growing or nongrowing conditions suggested that indirect selection can be efficient in multienvironment trials for contrasting environmental conditions.
The accuracy of different strategies for building training sets for genomic predictions in segregating soybean populations
Authors: Mendonça Leandro de Freitas , Fritsche‐Neto Roberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe design of the training set is a key factor in the success of the genomic selection approach. The nature of line inclusion in soybean [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] breeding programs is highly dynamic, so generating a training set that endures across the years and regions is challenging. Therefore, we aimed to define the best strategies for building training sets to apply genomic selection in segregating soybean populations for traits with different genetic architectures. We used two datasets for grain yield (GY) and maturity group (MG) from two different soybean breeding regions in Brazil. Five training set schemes were tested. In addition, we included a training set formed by an optimization algorithm based on the predicted error variance. The predictions achieved good values for both traits, reaching 0.5 in some scenarios. The best scenario changed according to the trait. Although the best performance was achieved with the use of full‐sibs in the MG dataset, for GY, full‐sibs and a set of advanced lines were equivalent. For both traits, no improvement in predictive ability resulted from training set optimization. Furthermore, the use of advanced lines from the same breeding program is recommended as a training set for GY, so the training set is continually renewed and closely related to the breeding populations, and no additional phenotyping is needed. On the other hand, to improve prediction accuracies for MG, it is necessary to use training sets with less genetic variability but with more segregation resolution.
Interspecific comparisons of C3 turfgrass for tennis use: I. Wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play
Authors: Ebdon J. S. , James I. , DaCosta M. , Lu J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious studies in the evaluation of wear tolerance have been conducted using wear simulators. Research to investigate wear tolerance of C3 turfgrasses under actual playing conditions and their carrying capacity is limited. Three grass tennis courts (replicates) maintained as official size (single) courts were constructed. Eight species and cultivars were randomized within the three courts (blocks): (1) ‘Keeneland’ Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.), (2) ‘Rubix’ KB, (3) ‘Villa’ velvet bentgrass (VBG, Agrostis canina L.), (4) ‘Puritan’ colonial bentgrass (CL, Agrostis capillaris L.), (5) ‘007’ creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis stolonifera L.), (6) fine fescue (FF, Festuca spp.) mixture, (7) ‘Karma’ perennial ryegrass (PR, Lolium perenne L.), and (8) ‘Wicked’ PR. Injury at the baseline was measured by counting healthy grass on four dates in 2017 and 2019 using an intersect grid. Carrying capacity at the baseline was derived as hours of play to sustain 90, 80, 70, and 60% grass cover. After 6 wk of actual tennis play involving >120 participating players in 2017 and 2019, KB and PR were superior to other C3 turfgrass for wear tolerance and carrying capacity. These two species exhibited four times the carrying capacity of FF species and nearly 60% more carrying capacity than bentgrass (BG) species. Species of BG afforded higher shoot density and better traction than KB and PR, with VBG exhibiting the best traction, and FF and PR exhibiting the poorest traction. In 2017, greater cell wall content increased wear tolerance and carrying capacity. Velvet bentgrass was as good as KB and PR in overall wear tolerance and carrying capacity under actual match play.