bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seiling and cleaning of channels
Authors: Lee A , Usmonov T , Norov B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article discusses some theoretical assumptions about the causes and factors affecting the siltation (deposits) of channels of reclamation systems. It has been established that the siltation of channels is mainly caused by low speeds of the water moving in them and it occurs due to the destruction of slopes and accumulation of soil deposits at the bottom of the channel. An important role in the siltation of channels is played by the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The intensity of the siltation of channels in the early years of their construction mainly occurs due to the peeling of the slopes of the soil. In irrigation canals, the intensity of siltation depends on the amount of sediment in the source of irrigation, which is meltwater from the slopes of the mountains bringing a huge amount of sediment. Sludges of intra-systemic origin are mainly obtained as a result of erosion and landslides of canal banks. During the exploitation of the drainage network, repair and restoration work is mandatory, as there is a change in the cross-section of the channels, which leads to a decrease in their parameters. An analysis of a theoretical study of the siltation of channels of reclamation systems using long-term materials from previous studies is carried out.
Applicability of zero-dimensional equations to forecast nonconservative components concentration in water bodies
Authors: Krutov A , Norkulov B , Nurmatov P , Mirzaev M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The presence of ongoing climate change and their increasing scale have now become apparent. Climate models provide a glimpse of the future. Disappointing forecasts pushing to develop models that would allow rapidly develop measures for adapting to unavoidable environmental conditions and to mitigate impacts, including those related to the deterioration of water quality in natural water bodies and reservoirs.
The most simple and effective models for fast and fairly accurate forecasts regarding waters are the zero-dimensional models. Such models widely used in engineering practice owing to their considerable simplicity which is correct for conservative substances. At the same time, additional limits should be taken into account while forecasting water quality involving nonconservative components which could change its chemical characteristics in particular.
The period during which the concentration of a substance becomes the same over the entire area of a reservoir could be considered as a time scale in which zero-dimensional equations are applicable, the average concentration of substances for the entire body of water can be considered only as of the average over some time not less than determined by the scope of consideration. The expression which is given in the paper allows identifying limits of applicability of zero-dimensional equations for a non-conservative substance concentration as a function of time scale and coefficient of non-conservativeness.
Impact of global climate change on the surface runoff of the Chatkal River
Authors: Kodirov S , Gapparov F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Charvak reservoir is the largest reservoir in Uzbekistan. It is surrounded by the Tien Shan Mountains. The Chatkal River begins from the western part of The Tien Shan Mountains and flows into the Charvak reservoir. The average annual water discharge is 108 m3/s and is the largest right tributary of The Chirchik River. Based on long-term observational data, intraannual flow distribution was calculated. And trends were determined, tests for homogeneity were carried out, differential-integral curves in the observation series were evaluated. Average flow rates the error does not exceed 10%, for the coefficient of variation; the error does not exceed 15%. 4. Analysis of the difference integral curve showed since the 90s of the last century to the present time, a high water period has been observed on The Chatkal River and its tributaries. This is mainly due to the increase in annual precipitation. There is no significant change in long-term annual precipitation. However, shift happening with the type of precipitation. Namely, in the last two decades more rainy days than cold snowy days were observed.
Long-term forecasts of water availability in small foothill rivers of Uzbekistan
Authors: Kodirov S , Zaitov Sh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article presents the obtained results of the application of integrated hydrological models. Observed data and simulations diverge especially during the period when the maximum flow rates are observed. This is mainly due to the parameters of climate and soil, which are taken into account when checking sensitivity to unknown values. To increase the accuracy of the results, the selection method is used, and the analysis of the results. Outcomes show that the correlation coefficient is more than 60%. However, it is possible to enhance this connection. For this, it is necessary to change the sensitivity parameters to unknown values several times and restart the models. The simulation results of the high water period are smoother than the observed values. It refers, to maximum water discharges; even integrated models face difficulties in taking account of all the factors that form the surface runoff. Therefore, the hydrologic models that are applying nowadays have to be improved and developed for better outcomes.
Assignment of Irrigation Norms for Available Water Reserves Taking Into Account Soil Heterogeneity as a Water Saving Approach to Crop Irrigation
Authors: Abdrazakov F , Mikheeva O , Pankova T , Orlova S , Mizyurova E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Water-saving irrigation regimes for crops include reducing irrigation costs by reducing water supply. However, it also affects obtaining maximum crop yields, and increasing the fertility of the land, and avoiding negative environmental consequences. Creating the optimal, most favorable, comfortable level of soil moisture is a difficult task, which is influenced by many factors. One of the approaches to the appointment of irrigation norms is to take into account the heterogeneity of the soil profile and available moisture reserves. Formulas for calculating irrigation rates for available moisture reserves allow rational use of irrigation water, minimizing losses. The calculation was carried out according to two formulas - according to A.N. Kostyakova both for available moisture reserves for the 0-60 cm layer as a whole and layers every 10 cm. The choice of the estimated year was based on the availability of a water balance deficit, defined as the difference between the water consumption E and precipitation Pe for the calculation period. As a result of calculations, the following results were obtained: taking into account the heterogeneity of the soil profile, it is possible to save from 100 to 400 m3 / ha during the growing season without loss of crop yield.
From water-energy research to hydropower optimization
Authors: Sidorenko G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A simple method for optimizing hydropower parameters has been developed. Cost and revenue, net present value, and net present quotient criteria are used in this approach. It is noted that the most important criterion is the net present value quotient. The developed method was used to optimize the parameters of the Selemdzhinskaya hydropower plant and a small hydropower plant. Algorithms and methods for calculating hydraulic energy for watercourse tree have been created. Verification of algorithm and methods was done in the model region with an area of 172.4 th. km2. The calculation made for approximately 500 rivers.
Monitoring city green zones using GIS technologies: An example of Tashkent city, Uzbekistan
Authors: Sharipjonova Z , Karimov A , Mirzaqobulov J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Increasing green zones can be a suitable option to meet the challenges of growing cities. City authorities in developing countries face a lack of reliable data on the status of urban trees and forestry. The objective of this study was to carry out a spatio-temporal analysis of the dynamics of urban green zones of Tashkent City using Landsat satellite images taking into account climatic changes. For this, we used methods of laying test plots in assessing tree-shrubbery vegetation, a technique for expert interpretation of land cover objects from satellite images of medium spatial resolution, and mathematical statistics. The statistical analyses showed that the temperature regime has the greatest degree of influence on the dynamics of NDVI, i.e. the onset of the growing season corresponds to an increase in temperature. Precipitation, in view of its unstable and uneven distribution in the study area, has a weak negative relationship with the phytomass of green zones. Spatial analysis revealed an average degree of variability of NDVI in the green areas of the city for the studied period of 2000-2011.
Land cover change in Tashkent province during 1992 – 2018
Authors: Alikhanov B , Alikhanova Sh , Oymatov R , Fayzullaev Z , Pulatov A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this research, a specific period in time (from 1992 – 2018) with 8 -10 years’ timescales of Landsat satellite images were used for land cover classification. To detect land cover change combined classification method with clustering study area into 120 classes and further validation by Google Earth was performed. Our findings show significant land cover changes during the whole study period. Especially this related to grassland/scrubland/meadow/agriculture class, which was around 7000 km2 in 1992, and it dramatically fell to 3000 km2 in 2008 and reached 6000 km2 after ten years. Forest/parks/woodlands land cover class shows a tendency to increase and consisted of its maximum area 4000 km2, but then rapidly fell to 1600 km2 within the next ten years. Glaciers, in contrast, covered area of 1825 km2, but then starts steadily decline and finally reaches only 263 km2 in 2018. Bare soil and barren land starts from 3111 km2 and expands to 5640 km2 area in 2018. The same pattern shows urban/asphalt/rocks class started from 1089 km2 and ends with 2677 km2. Only water bodies do not represent any significant change in Tashkent province during the study period.
Water saving technique and technology of subsurface irrigation
Authors: Juraev F , Karimov G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article is given some information about creating intensive gardens in desert areas; saving 40%-50% of yearly water which is used in a year thanks to effective economic technologies via irrigating through the soil. This is also useful to save energy up to 30%-40% by absorbing the sunshine with the help of the special modes. In this research we intended to prove that organizing irrigation system in the way of using underground waters and in this process the water enriched by mineral elements, fertilizer can be saved up to 25-35% on account of moistening plant roots through the pegs straightly which are devices specially produced. Moreover, the growth of plants is meliorated and the harvested stock will be increased up to 20-25%.
This method can be used in both setting half scrubby intensive gardens in such kind of areas where water is insufficient and making use of energy-saving technologies in the future.
Monitoring system for electricity consumption at pumping stations
Authors: Ikramov N , Majidov T , Kan E , Mukhammadjonov A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Currently, the control and accounting of electricity at 1693 irrigation pumping stations of the Ministry of water management of Uzbekistan is carried out manually, on the basis of which 17 different types of documentation are filled in. This work requires a large amount of time and human resources. This can also be observed at the water and wastewater pumping stations. In this paper, the existing system of accounting for electricity consumption is fully considered on the example of several irrigation pumping stations and one regional management of pumping stations. The organizational structure and the procedure for maintaining documents on accounting and collecting information about the electricity consumed by pumping stations were analyzed. Based on the data obtained, an automated system for monitoring and accounting of electric power at pumping stations has been developed. This system eliminates unauthorized switching on pumping units, theft, or inefficient power consumption. As a result, it reduces the annual electricity consumption of pumping stations, and also reduces labor costs. The payback period for the introduction of an automated system for monitoring and accounting of electric power at pumping stations is 2.5 months.
Development of a scheme for generating the predicted value of specific electricity consumption
Authors: Rakhmonov I , Berdishev A , Niyozov N , Muratov A , Khaliknazarov U 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Accurate forecasting of electricity consumption determines the success of industrial enterprises. Each enterprise, having an accurate prediction of the amount of power consumed, strictly controls it, since deviations entail disruptions in work, is subject to fines. Power consumption forecasting for a certain period is the most urgent task in today’s electricity market. Existing forecasting methods have individual characteristics and have their advantages and disadvantages. The choice of forecasting methods depends on such major factors as the time for which the forecasting is performed, as well as the amount of information. When forecasting power consumption, it is necessary to take into account various factors related to the technological features of production, organization of equipment operation, etc. The present article describes the proposed method for determining the forecasted values of power consumption parameters in terms of total and specific power consumption, which differs from the existing methods in that it takes into account when forecasting power consumption parameters, the features of production that characterize the production process, the power consumption modes of process equipment, and the impact of technological and operational factors on energy performance that affect the forecast of readings. Accounting for the above factors can significantly simplify and improve the accuracy of forecasting calculations. When determining the forecast values, the components of electricity consumption for the main, auxiliary, and additional production are directly included in the calculation. Besides, the method allows to investigate and optimize the power consumption modes of both a separate production unit and the enterprise as a whole in conjunction with the indicators of processed products and components of the technological process used. The reliability of the method is justified by calculating the energy indicators of a specific section rolling shop of the steel industry.
Software for Determining Residual Oil Reserves in Oil Deposit Development
Authors: Mirzaev S , Tukhtanazarov D , Karimova K , Samadov N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The problem of calculating residual oil reserves and predicting wells flow rates is considered in the paper. A mathematical model for calculating this problem is given. A computational algorithm and a program for the mathematical model are created. Using the developed program the flow rate was predicted and the residual reserves were calculated on the example of a well of the Umid field. The convenience of the problem solution with a developed program is shown.
Differentiated tariffs of electricity for the improvement of steelmaking Uzbekistan
Authors: Bakhadirov I , Markaev N , Aslanova G , Tanatarov R , Makhmuthonov S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article outlines options to improve the organization of steel production in the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of any contractual relation, tariffs with the unified energy system. The agreed “flexible”, differentiated by time of day (multi-fare) tariffs allow not only to produce high-quality steel but also to organize an economically profitable “associated” production. Combined production is optimized by the criterion of maximum capital productivity at all its stages and areas. It also addressed the constraints preventing the intensive use of high-performance equipment and presented the increased tariff for consumed electricity as a criterion factor. As a result of the application of the nonlinear programming method by composing the Lagrange function, the income function of the main and auxiliary industries is maximized. Given the validity of costs, their content is disclosed. Taking into account the importance of energy resources, in a competitive market, they are considered as the most important components of production. The goal of achieving the lowest costs and maximum profits is achieved by the presence of a procedure for manipulating resources. For steelmaking production, the economically most advantageous tariff curve in the demand function T = f (c) is recommended, which will ensure uniformly elastic demand across the entire range of tariffs. This curve means a uniformly elastic demand in the whole range of tariffs, i.e. equal to proportional across the entire range of tariff reduction in the face of rising demand for products, which confirms the perfect representation of the tariff curve as a function of demand in the form of a decaying exponent. The elements of optimization are investigated, in particular, based on relative Lagrange increments. Special attention is paid to the exponential scale of electricity tariffs, providing a kind of “equally proportional” reduction of the tariff with increasing demand for manufactured products. The replacement of an exponential continuous scale of tariffs with a more convenient graded scale is also decided from the standpoint of economic tolerances, where, in the process of monitoring demand, the values of maximum tariffs can be further changed. It has been established that, at the same time, the use of an exponential scale of tariffs at enterprises with a continuous production pattern, in particular steel-smelting sections, makes it possible to ideally solve the problem of optimizing coproduction.
Soil preparation machine parameters for the cultivation of cucurbitaceous crops
Authors: Chuyanov D , Shodmonov G , Avazov I , Rashidov N , Ochilov S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The combined machine allows qualitatively preparing the soil for sowing melon crops with minimum energy consumption. The efficiency of the combined machine depends on the type, location of the tiller relative to the body, and its parameters. The purpose of the study is to justify the type and parameters of the tiller combination machine to prepare the soil for sowing melon crops. In researches methods of classical mechanics are applied. The construction of the combined machine with soil cultivators is given. Based on the theory of soil destruction wedge determined the main parameters of the soil tinker. Experimental research of different types of soil cultivators is carried out. it is established that at the performance of soil cultivator of the combined unit in the form of a three-sided wedge with an inclined stand, the minimum longitudinal distance from a ploughshare of the case to soil cultivator is 52.7 cm, transverse distance from the field cut of the hull to the tiller bit is 15 cm, width and length of the tiller bit is 5 and 14 cm respectively, cutting angle of the bit is 18 degrees, quality crushing of sub-powder soil layers with minimum energy consumption is provided.
Adaptation mechanic sowing apparatus for sowing soybean seeds with less damaging
Authors: Astanakulov K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoybean is one of the most important crops. The density of the seedlings should be 200-300 thousand per hectare, 300-400 thousand seeds, and 400-500 thousand early varieties. In this article results of research in the field and laboratory are shown for sowing soybean seeds using SCHX-4 sowing machine and its mechanical sowing apparatus. In the experiments, the number of measurements at the sowing depth was 100 and the number of lines was 10. The sowing capacity was 35-40 kg, the sowing depth was 4 cm and the width of the line was 90 cm. During the experiment, the difference in sowing measure between real sowing and SCHX-4 which has a mechanical apparatus was 6.75% and the average sowing depth and its standard deviation were 3.8 and 0.31 cm respectively. The width between the main and side rows was 89.5 and 92.5 cm respectively, and the damage level of seed caused by seeder SCHX-4 was 5.2 %. This apparatus did not reach agro-technical requirements. Thus a restrictor was installed was made from rubber and formed a semi molded formation on the hole where the seed enters the sowing apparatus which decreased the seed damage to 0.8 %.
Plough hitch parameters for smooth tails
Authors: Ravshanov K , Babajanov L , Kuziev Sh , Rashidov N , Kurbanov Sh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Qualitative and energy performance of a plough largely depends on the parameters of the plough linkage mechanism. The aim of the research is to substantiate the parameters of plough linkage for smooth sloughing, which turns the layers within its furrow to a tractor of 1.4 classes. In researches methods of classical mechanics are applied. The effects of the field relief on the plough’s angular vibrations leading to changes in the depth of the hull stroke and its power load are studied. The dependencies for determining the plough linkage parameters are obtained. Theoretical studies have shown that the plough’s stroke uniformity and traction resistance are significantly affected by the longitudinal distance between the bodies, the vertical coordinate of the plough’s lower fingers and the height of the attachment triangle.n order to ensure the required uniformity of running at the working depth and minimum traction resistance, the following parameters of the attachment to tractors of class 1.4 are set: rack height and base width of the attachment triangle respectively 0.55-0.56 m and 0.70-0.75 m, the distance between the lower pins of the attachment and the plough support surface 0.45-0.50 m.
The soil preparation machine for seeding potatoes on comb
Authors: Kodirov U , Aldoshin N , Ubaydullayev Sh , Sharipov E , Muqimov Z , Tulaganov B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of the research is to substantiate the main parameters of the machine working elements for preparing the soil for sowing on the ridges and their mutual location. The authors have developed a machine that performs all technological operations to prepare the soil for sowing potatoes on the ridges in one pass in the field. The machine performs surface loosening of the soil, strip deep loosening of the soil, formation of ridges, loosening of the surface layer of the ridge top, compaction, and giving them a trapezoidal shape in one pass. The design of the developed machine for the realization of technology of preparing the soil for potatoes sowing is resulted. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. Theoretical studies established the following parameters of the working bodies of the machine: the working width of the bodies 200 mm, length of the blade wing 515-545 mm, angle of slope of the ploughshare left to its base 60, length and height of the guide knife respectively 150 mm and 80 mm, the longitudinal distance between the bodies within 350-400 mm, width and length of the drill bit 80 mm and 115 mm respectively, the working width of the lancet leg 150 mm.