bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional and global signals in seawater δ18O records across the mid-Pleistocene transition
Authors: Ford Heather L. , Raymo Maureen E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
High-resolution seawater δ18O records, derived from coupled Mg/Ca and benthic δ18O analyses, can be used to evaluate how global ice volume changed during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT, ca. 1250–600 ka). However, such seawater δ18O records are also influenced by regional hydrographic signals (i.e., salinity) and changes in deep-ocean circulation across the MPT, making it difficult to isolate the timing and magnitude of the global ice volume change. To explore regional and global patterns in seawater δ18O records, we reconstruct seawater δ18O from coupled Mg/Ca and δ18O analyses of Uvigerina spp. at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1208 in the North Pacific Ocean. Comparison of individual seawater δ18O records suggests that deep-ocean circulation reorganized and the formation properties (i.e., salinity) of deep-ocean water masses changed at ca. 900 ka, likely related to the transition to marine-based ice sheets in Antarctica. We also find that an increase in ice volume likely accompanied the shift in glacial-interglacial periodicity observed in benthic carbonate δ18O across the MPT, with increases in ice volume observed during Marine Isotope Stages 22 and 16.
Recent inversion of the Tyrrhenian Basin
Authors: Zitellini Nevio , Ranero César R. , Loreto M. Filomena , Ligi Marco , Pastore Marco , D’Oriano Filippo , Sallares Valenti , Grevemeyer Ingo , Moeller Stefan , Prada Manel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Tyrrhenian Basin is a region created by Neogene extensional tectonics related to slab rollback of the east-southeast–migrating Apennine subduction system, commonly believed to be actively underthrusting the Calabrian arc. A compilation of &gt;12,000 km of multichannel seismic profiles, much of them recently collected or reprocessed, provided closer scrutiny and the mapping of previously undetected large compressive structures along the Tyrrhenian margin. This new finding suggests that Tyrrhenian Basin extension recently ceased. The ongoing compressional reorganization of the basin indicates a change of the regional stress field in the area, confirming that slab rollback is no longer a driving mechanism for regional kinematics, now dominated by the Africa-Eurasia lithospheric collision
Carbonate collapse and the late Paleozoic ice age marine biodiversity crisis
Authors: Balseiro Diego , Powell Matthew G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA) was characterized by persistently low diversity of marine invertebrates following a second-order mass extinction. Here, we used a data set of North American (paleotropical) fossil occurrences of brachiopod, bivalve, and coral genera from the Paleobiology Database, combined with lithologic data from Macrostrat, to demonstrate that low diversity was caused by the collapse of carbonate environments during the LPIA. After dividing the data by lithology, low diversity was evident only in carbonate environments, whereas diversity within siliciclastic environments actually increased during the LPIA, after a brief decline in the Serpukhovian (late Mississippian). Diversity patterns closely matched respective changes in the volume of carbonate and siliciclastic rocks. The contrasting patterns observed in the two environments suggest that habitat loss was a direct cause of changes in diversity, because other factors, such as temperature, would have affected genera in both environments. A causal relationship is also supported by the finding that diversity remained high in carbonate refugia (carbonate beds within majority-siliciclastic formations) until the Bashkirian, postdating the onset of icehouse conditions by ∼8 m.y. Our results provide a unifying, mechanistic explanation for the distinctive characteristics of the biotic impact, including its disproportionate effect on the tropical marine invertebrate fauna, prolonged recovery from extinction, low macroevolutionary rates during the recovery interval, and regional differences in its expression.
X-ray computed tomography reveals that grain protrusion controls critical shear stress for entrainment of fluvial gravels
Authors: Hodge Rebecca A. , Voepel Hal , Leyland Julian , Sear David A. , Ahmed Sharif 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe critical shear stress (τc) for grain entrainment is a poorly constrained control on bedload transport rates in rivers. Direct calculations of τc have been hindered by the inability to measure the geometry of in situ grains; i.e., the shape and location of each grain relative to surrounding grains and the bed surface. We present the first complete suite of three-dimensional (3-D) grain geometry parameters for 1055 water-worked grains, and use these to parameterize a new 3-D grain entrainment model and hence estimate τc. The 3-D data were collected using X-ray computed tomography scanning of sediment samples extracted from a prototype scale flume experiment. We find that (1) parameters including pivot angle and proportional grain exposure do not vary systematically with relative grain size; (2) τc is primarily controlled by grain protrusion, not pivot angle; and (3) larger grains experience larger forces as a result of projecting higher into the flow profile, producing equal mobility. We suggest that grain protrusion is a suitable proxy for assessing gravel-bed stability.
Assessing the feasibility and impact of specially adapted exercise interventions, aimed at improving the multi-dimensional health and functional capacity of frail geriatric hospital inpatients: protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Doody Paul , Lord Janet M , Greig Carolyn A , Whittaker Anna C 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundFrailty is a common and clinically significant condition in older adults, predominantly due to its association with adverse health outcomes such as hospitalisation, disability and mortality. Exercise interventions have been shown to be a beneficial treatment for frailty. However, more high-quality studies are needed to assess the feasibility and impact of these interventions in frail geriatric populations within different settings, and their impact on broader aspects of health and well-being.Methods and analysisThis study will use a 2-week, interventional, independent measures research design in order to assess the feasibility and impact of two specially adapted exercise training interventions (a specially adapted resistance training intervention, and Move It Or Lose It: an established community-based exercise intervention for older adults) aimed at improving the multidimensional health and functional capacity of frail geriatric hospital inpatients.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received a favourable ethical opinion by the Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Research Ethics Committee and sponsorship by the University of Birmingham after review by the sponsors research governance office. The findings will be disseminated through publication in open access scientific journals, public engagement events, online via social media, conference presentations and directly to study participants on request.Trial registration numberNCT03141866
Mapping the evidence of experiences related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Płaszewski Maciej , Grantham Weronika , Jespersen Ejgil 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the diagnosis and management of this condition, may lead to poorer body image and diminished psychosocial functioning. Furthermore, treatment, especially bracing and surgery as well as screening, remain controversial and debated, with an unclear evidence base. Personal experiences in terms of issues such as person-centred care, shared decision making, and patient and public involvement, are contemporarily recognised as highly valued. Nonetheless, people’s experiences related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is an issue underrepresented in current systematic reviews and systematically developed recommendations. There appears a substantial imbalance between a vast amount of biomedical research reports, and sporadic biopsychosocial publications in this field. The objective of this planned scoping review is to explore and map the available evidence from various sources to address a broad question of what is known about experiences of all those touched, directly and indirectly, by the problem of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods and analysisWe based our protocol on the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review method, including the Population – Concept – Context framework, to formulate the objectives, research questions, eligibility criteria and conduct characteristics of the study. We will consider any primary study designs, research synthesis reports, as well as narrative reviews and opinion pieces. We will not restrict eligible publications to English language. Search and selection processes will include academic and grey literature searches using multiple electronic databases, search engines and websites, hand searches, and contacting the authors. We will use a customised data charting table and present a narrative synthesis of the results.Ethics and disseminationScoping review is a secondary study, aiming at synthesising data from publicly available publications, hence it does not require ethical approval. We will submit the report to a peer-reviewed journal and disseminate it among professionals involved in scoliosis management, guideline and recommendation development, and policymaking.
Elite athletes get pregnant, have healthy babies and return to sport early postpartum
Authors: Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Sundgot-Borgen Christine , Myklebust Grethe , Sølvberg Nina , Torstveit Monica Klungland 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo enhance knowledge on pregnancy and return to sport in the postpartum period in elite female athletes.Methods34 Norwegian elite athletes (33.1 years) and 34 active controls (31.5 years) were asked about training and competitive history, pregnancy-related issues, injuries, body dissatisfaction (BD), drive for thinness (DT), eating disorders (ED) and practical experiences, through a questionnaire and interview. Independent samples T-tests or χ² tests for between-group differences and paired-samples T-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance for within group differences were used.ResultsNo group differences in fertility problems, miscarriage, preterm birth or low birth weight were found. Both groups decreased training volume all trimesters and the first two postpartum periods compared with prepregnancy, and more athletes returned to sport/exercise at week 0–6 postpartum. We found no group differences in complications during pregnancy and delivery, but athletes reported fewer common complaints. Four athletes experienced stress fracture postpartum. Athletes had higher BD and DT postpartum, while controls reduced DT score. Number of athletes with clinical ED was reduced postpartum, while constant in controls. Athletes were not satisfied with advice related to strength training and nutrition during pregnancy.ConclusionElite athletes and active controls get pregnant easily, deliver healthy babies and decrease training during pregnancy and the first postpartum periods compared with prepregnancy. Most athletes and every third control returned to sport or exercise at week 0–6 postpartum. Athletes report stress fractures and increased BD and DT, but decreased ED postpartum. However, since relatively few athletes were included these findings need further investigation.
Does transcatheter aortic valve alignment matter?
Authors: Salmonsmith Jacob Andrew , Ducci Andrea , Burriesci Gaetano 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study investigates the effect of transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) angular alignment on the postprocedure haemodynamics. TAV implantation has emerged as an effective alternative to surgery when treating valve dysfunction. However, the benefit of avoiding surgery is paid back by the inability to remove the native diseased leaflets and accurately position the device in relation to the aortic root, and the literature has shown the root anatomy and substitute position can play an essential role on valve function.MethodsA commercial TAV was placed in a silicone mock aortic root in vitro, including mock native leaflets, and either aligned commissure-to-commissure or in maximum misalignment. Haemodynamic performance data at various stroke volumes were measured, and Particle Image Velocimetry analysis was performed at a typical stroke volume for rest conditions. The two configurations were also studied without mock native leaflets, for comparison with previous in vitro studies.ResultsHaemodynamic performance data were similar for all configurations. However, imaging analysis indicated that valve misalignment resulted in the central jet flow not extending to the root wall in the native commissures’ vicinity, replaced by a low shear flow, and a reduction of upper sinus flow of 40%, increasing flow stagnation in the sinus.ConclusionsTAV misalignment did not result in a significant change in valve hydrodynamic performance, but determined some change in the fluid flow patterns, which may promote pathological scenarios, such as increased thrombogenicity of blood flow within the sinuses of Valsalva, and plaque formation around the lumen of the sinotubular junction.
Metastatic extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma in a greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros)
Authors: Henning Alischa , O'Dell Nicolize 
Published: November 2019

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma was diagnosed on the ventral abdomen of a kudu with metastasis to the omentum and lungs. Histopathological examination of the large (20 cm × 10 cm) primary, multinodular, moderately cellular neoplastic mass was characterised by neoplastic mesenchymal cells arranged in strands and bundles, interspersed by multiple foci of cartilage immersed in a myxoid matrix. The neoplastic cells revealed diffuse vimentin and S100 positivity and the myxoid matrix was positive with Alcian blue. The microscopic examination in addition to the Alcian Blue and immunohistochemistry findings confirmed the diagnosis.
Right ventricular function correlates of right atrial strain in pulmonary hypertension: a combined cardiac magnetic resonance and conductance catheter study
Authors: Tello Khodr , Dalmer Antonia , Vanderpool Rebecca , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Naeije Robert , Roller Fritz , Seeger Werner , Wiegand Merle , Gall Henning , Richter Manuel J. 
Published: November 2019

The functional relevance of right atrial (RA) function in pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking-derived RA phasic function with invasively measured pressure-volume (P-V) loop-derived right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic elastance ( Eed) and RV-arterial coupling [ratio of end-systolic elastance to arterial elastance ( Ees/ Ea)]. In 54 patients with severe PH, CMR was performed within 24 h of diagnostic right heart catheterization and P-V measurements. RA phasic function was assessed by CMR imaging of RA reservoir, passive, and active strain. The association of RA phasic function with indexes of RV function was evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation and linear regression analyses. Median [interquartile range] RA reservoir strain, passive strain, and active strain were 19.5% [11.0–24.5], 7.0% [4.0–12.0], and 13.0% [7.0–18.5], respectively. Ees/ Ea was 0.73 [0.48–1.08], and Eed was 0.14 mmHg/mL [0.05–0.22]. RV diastolic impairment [RV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and Eed] was correlated with RA phasic function, but Ea and Ees were not. In addition, RA phasic function was correlated with inferior vena cava diameter. In multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusting for key P-V loop indexes, Eed and EDP remained significantly associated with RA phasic function. We conclude that RA phasic function is altered in relation to impaired diastolic function of the chronically overloaded right ventricle and contributes to backward venous flow and systemic congestion. These results call for more attention to RA function in the management of patients with PH. NEW & NOTEWORTHY There is growing awareness of the importance of the right atrial (RA)-right ventricular (RV) axis in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our results uncover alterations in RA phasic function that are related to depressed RV lusitropic function and contribute to backward venous return and systemic congestion in chronic RV overload. Assessment of RA function should be part of the management and follow-up of patients with PH.
Bayesian Modeling Identifies PLAG1 as a Key Regulator of Proliferation and Survival in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells
Authors: Zheng Yanbin , Xu Lin , Hassan Mohammed , Zhou Xiaoyun , Zhou Qinbo , Rakheja Dinesh , Skapek Stephen X. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We recently developed a novel computational algorithm that incorporates Bayesian methodology to identify rhabdomyosarcoma disease genes whose expression level correlates with copy-number variations, and we identified PLAG1 as a candidate oncogenic driver. Although PLAG1 has been shown to contribute to other type of cancers, its role in rhabdomyosarcoma has not been elucidated. We observed that PLAG1 mRNA is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma and is associated with PLAG1 gene copy-number gain. Knockdown of PLAG1 dramatically decreased cell accumulation and induced apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells, whereas its ectopic expression increased cell accumulation in vitro and as a xenograft and promoted G1 to S-phase cell-cycle progression. We found that PLAG1 regulates IGF2 expression and influences AKT and MAPK pathways in rhabdomyosarcoma, and IGF2 partially rescues cell death triggered by PLAG1 knockdown. The expression level of PLAG1 correlated with the IC50 of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to BMS754807, an IGF receptor inhibitor.

Implications:
Our data demonstrate that PLAG1 contributes to proliferation and survival of rhabdomyosarcoma cells at least partially by inducing IGF2, and this new understanding may have the potential for clinical translation.
Pasolini’s Specters of Paul
Authors: Jennings Jr. Theodore W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis essay explores the remarkable radicalities as well as ironies of the Paul featured in both Pasolini’s screenplay and other receptions of Paul’s letters. Pasolini’s depiction stages a series of potential historical correspondences by setting the words written or attributed to the apostle (in those letters and the Acts of the Apostles) into the times of Pasolini’s own life. This juxtaposition allows for a more complex view of the radical, passionate, but manipulative saint and more recent politics of revolution, corruption, and accommodation. The tension between two different views of Paul, organizing militant cells and struggling with bodily weakness, then, provide entry points for identification with and interrogation of notions of sexual liberation and political transformation. These political investments are brought into further relief throughout by situating both Pasolini and Paul in a genealogy of Marxist thinkers and organizers, from Engels and Lenin, through Benjamin, to Agamben and Badiou, surfacing important new insights about the Paul of history and of reception in the West.
From Blasphemy to Saint Paul: Multistable Subjectivities, Queer Cinema, and Pasolini’s Subversive Hagiographies
Authors: Benini Stefania 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe project of Saint Paul occupies Pasolini’s imagination between 1966 and 1974. It originated with and connects to Pasolini’s previous Franciscan project on the subversive hagiography, Bestemmia (“Blasphemy”), another (unshot) screenplay in verse about a rascal of twelfth-century Rome, transformed into a saint after a vision of the Passion in the midst of an orgy. Pasolini worked on Blasphemy from 1962 to 1967, and still later was referring to the project of Saint Paul with the same title of Blasphemy. The continuity, as well as the difference, between the two projects is relevant. I will investigate the roots of Pasolini’s Pauline turn, after his Franciscan stage, and contextualize the project of Saint Paul within Pasolini’s production and within the rise of European queer cinema. I will also put it into dialogue with contemporary political theology, for instance with the Franciscan turn of Agamben, or the emergence of new, multi-stable subjectivities within the Kippbilder model proposed by Luca Di Blasi in his interpretation of Pasolini’s Saint Paul.
Paul and Pasolini, Retrospectively
Authors: Castelli Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe legacy of Pasolini’s work persists beyond the recent English translation of his screenplay for Saint Paul. This concluding essay then provides a brief reflective extension into three additional genres: painting, poetry, and public art. These artistic adaptations reflect the open-ended impacts of Pasolini’s work, its provocations and excesses in particular evoke a notion of saintliness.
Geographic variation in skin structure in male Andrew’s toad (Bufo andrewsi)
Authors: Wang Can , Jin Long , Mi Zhi Ping , Liao Wen Bo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Variation in organ structure likely provides important clues on local adaptation and reflects the pressure target of natural selection. As one of the important organs, the skin plays a key role in adapting to complex environments by reducing water loss or increasing water absorption. Nevertheless, variation in the skin structure across different populations in a single species of anurans remains enigmatic. Here, we studied geographical variation in the skin structure of male Andrew’s toads (Bufo andrewsi) across ten populations using histological methods. We quantified thickness of the skin, the epidermis, the loose layer, the compact layer, and of the epidermis, area of granular glands (GGs) and of ordinary mucous glands (OMGs), width of the calcified layer, and number of capillary vessels. We found that the thickness of the skin, dermis and loose layer in dorsal skin increased with latitude whereas the area of granular glands decreased with altitude. Moreover, the width of the calcified layer in ventral skin decreased with latitude among populations. Our findings suggest that geographical variation in skin structure in male B. andrewsi is likely to reduce water loss or make water absorption occur faster in complex high-latitude environments, improving local adaptation.
Cascade effects of slope gradient on ground vegetation and small-rodent populations in a forest ecosystem
Authors: Lee Jae-Kang , Hwang Hyun-Su , Eum Tae-Kyung , Bae Ho-Kyoung , Rhim Shin-Jae 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, we set out to determine the cascade effects of slope gradient on ground vegetation and small-rodent populations in a forest ecosystem. We focused on two forest-dwelling small rodents with different habitat requirements, the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius (preferring dense ground vegetation) and the Korean field mouse A. peninsulae (dense forest and woodland). The study area comprised natural deciduous forests and Japanese larch Larix kaempferi plantations in South Korea. The abundance of A. agrarius but not that of A. peninsulae was related to slope gradient. There was a negative effect of slope gradient on ground vegetation coverage and a positive effect of ground vegetation on A. agrarius populations. Our results highlight that the population of A. agrarius was indirectly influenced by the negative effects of slope gradient on ground vegetation. Slope gradient can, therefore, be a limiting factor in the microhabitats occupied by small rodents. This study reveals a critical role for slope gradient since it can modify not only microhabitat conditions, but also small-rodent populations, and this finding can contribute to improved microhabitat management.