bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weak Separation Problem for Tree Languages
Authors: Alirezazadeh Saeid , Alibabaei Khadijeh 
Published: August 2020

Forest algebras are defined for investigating languages of forests [ordered sequences] of unranked trees, where a node may have more than two [ordered] successors. They consist of two monoids, the horizontal and the vertical, with an action of the vertical monoid on the horizontal monoid, and a complementary axiom of faithfulness. A pseudovariety is a class of finite algebras of a given signature, closed under the taking of homomorphic images, subalgebras and finitary direct products. By looking at the syntactic congruence for monoids and as the natural extension in the case of forest algebras, we could define a version of syntactic congruence of a subset of the free forest algebra, not just a forest language. Let [Formula: see text] be a finite alphabet and [Formula: see text] be a pseudovariety of finite forest algebras. A language [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-recognizable if its syntactic forest algebra belongs to [Formula: see text]. Separation is a classical problem in mathematics and computer science. It asks whether, given two sets belonging to some class, it is possible to separate them by another set of a smaller class. Suppose that a forest language [Formula: see text] and a forest [Formula: see text] are given. We want to find if there exists any proof for that [Formula: see text] does not belong to [Formula: see text] just by using [Formula: see text]-recognizable languages, i.e. given such [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], if there exists a [Formula: see text]-recognizable language [Formula: see text] which contains [Formula: see text] and does not contain [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we present how one can use profinite forest algebra to separate a forest language and a forest term and also to separate two forest languages.
The Dual Androgen Receptor and Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist CB-03-10 as Potential Treatment for Tumors that have Acquired GR-mediated Resistance to AR Blockade
Authors: Rosette Caridad , Agan Frances J. , Rosette Niccolette , Mazzetti Alessandro , Moro Luigi , Gerloni Mara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
CB-03–10 (cortexolone 17α-valerate-21-propionate) is a synthetic steroidal compound derived from cortexolone (11-deoxycortisone), an intermediate in cortisol biosynthesis. Characterization of the activity of CB-03-10 and its main related compound CB-03–05 (cortexolone 17α-valerate) included in vitro binding to the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors (AR and GR), antagonism of AR and GR transcriptional activities, and screening for antitumor activity across a selected panel of human prostate and in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. CB-03-10 cytotoxic activity in these cancer cell lines was in the low micromolar range and was primarily associated with induction of the apoptotic cascade via activation of caspases. The compound's potential for antitumor activity was verified in a murine xenograft model utilizing the AR-positive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line as well as in an orthotopic model utilizing AR-negative/GR-positive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Orally administered CB-03-10 inhibited prostate tumor growth and orthotopically implanted breast tumor growth in these mice and maintained body weight, as compared with vehicle-treated mice. On the basis of AR/GR binding affinities, antagonism of androgen and glucocorticoid-dependent transcriptional activities, and AR/GR mRNA and protein expression, the mechanism of tumor growth suppression is related to AR and GR antagonist activities. Importantly, these compounds lack biologically relevant AR/GR agonist activities. Overall, these preclinical findings support the selection of CB-03-10 for further development as an anticancer agent in cases where resistance to AR-targeted therapy or chemotherapy, via upregulation of GR activity, continues to limit the efficacy and duration of clinical benefit with these interventions.
DEVELOPMENT OF WOODCERAMICS FROM TROPICAL FLORA
Authors: Howpinjai Itsaree , Laemsak Nikhom , Hengniran Pongsak 
Published: August 2020

Woodceramics are porous carbon or hybrid materials, derived from woody materials impregnated with a thermosetting resin and vacuum carbonized at a high temperature. Woodceramics have become commercially valuable as these are used in many appliances such as heaters, gas filters, absorbents, humidity and temperature sensors. Hence, this study aimed to determine the suitable conditions for producing woodceramics from various materials and their potential applications. The Specific Surface Area (SSA), pore volume, pore diameter, and adsorption isotherm of woodceramics made from Bamboo, Pine, Eucalyptus, Rubberwood, and Oil Palm shell particleboards were obtained using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The average pore diameter is classified as being mesoporous (2-50 nm). The SSA and adsorption isotherm results of the woodceramics made from Eucalyptus showed that these species can be used as an activated charcoal and their volume electrical resistivity is similar to that of a semiconductor. When carbonized at maximum temperatures of 800 Â°C and 1,000 Â°C, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (ESE) of woodceramics was approximately 20-60 dB within a frequency range of 800-2,200 MHz. This ESE Â Â was higher than that woven from boron carbon fiber, carbon boron, and stainless steel fiber filled thermoplastics. Moreover, the woodceramics production cost was lower than that of using the commercial materials.Â
SOIL PROPERTIES BELOW EXOTIC TREE PLANTATIONS AT THE SAITHONG SILVICULTURAL RESEARCH STATION IN PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: Urairak Kanokwan , Poolsiri Roongreang , Kaitpraneet San 
Published: August 2020

Often, exotic trees grow very fast in their new environments and sometimes even faster than the indigenous ones. These exotics seem to be tougher and live through harsher conditions. They may be drought resistant, and they can survive long periods with little to no rainfall. These trees are fast growing and are resistant to pests and diseases which tend to damage the locally growing trees. Moreover, these trees can help improve soil physical and chemical properties. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the physical and chemical properties of soil under different tree plantations, namely Eucalyptus urophylla, Acacia crassicarpa and Acacia aulacocarpa at the Saithong Silvicultural Research Station. Three soil composite samples were collected from soil depths of 0-10, 10-30, and 30-50 cm, in the three stands aged 27-year old and planted at a spacing of 2 x 2 m. Â Soil type in these stands was sandy loam. Soil moisture percentage (12.85%) was significantly the highest in the E. urophylla plantation. Phosphorus (18.2 mg/kg DW), magnesium (6.98 cmolc/kgDW), and potassium (6.98 cmolc/kgDW) contents were also the greatest in the E. urophylla plantation. Organic matter content was the highest in the A. crassicarpa plantation (7.59%), while nitrogen (0.04%) and calcium (36.17cmolc/kg DW) contents were the highest in the A. aulacocarpa plantation. Significant differences were also observed in the soil bulk density and porosity attributable to structure, tillage, cropping practices, soil depth and compaction. Characterization of soil pore system is equally important in understanding soil physical and parent material composition, which has a direct impact on soil chemistry and fertility. Parent material rich in soluble ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) is desirable, as these chemicals are easily dissolved in water and readily available for plants. For soils with poor nutrient content found in warm and humid tropical climates with low water supply, E. urophylla, A. crassicarpa and A. aulacocarpa have the potential to enhance the aboveground stand production. Undoubtedly, when planted, they can help restore the soil nutrients faster and therefore, can be used in forest plantations or in agroforestry farms.
Hoje tem fumus boni iuris em Chã: as vantagens de ser fluvial - resenha de Chã (2018), de Enoo Miranda
Authors: Pascoal Vinicius Gomes 
Published: August 2020

Resenha de Chã (2018), de Enoo Miranda.
As palavras do poeta são um rio impregnados de imaginário imagéticos. Tudo um dia foi assim. Tudo hoje continua assim.Intensidade não significa crueza de metáforas cotidianas, mas a vida está cheia dessas proezas. O poeta não faz críticas, o poeta faz a sociedade.Toda sociedade é feita de camadas, e a maior camada está sempre com os desfavorecidos. Negro é o reflexo do trabalho no corte de cana e nos outros canaviais wireless.
Freshwater decapods (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Palair Reservoir, Telangana, India
Authors: Sudipta Mandal  , Jaiswal Deepa , A. Narahari  , C. Shivashankar  
Published: August 2020

Recent surveys conducted in 2016–2018 from the Palair Reservoir of the Indian state of Telangana resulted in the collection of 153 specimens of freshwater decapods. These specimens are assigned to 10 species: seven prawns in three genera and three families; three crabs in two genera of one family. Among these, four species are recorded here as new records to Telangana: Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844, Caridina gracilipes De Man, 1892, Barytelphusa guerini (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), and Oziotelphusa sp.
New records of hoverflies of the genus Volucella Geoffroy (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Pakistan along with a checklist of known species
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Asghar , Bodlah Imran , Shehzad Anjum , Fatima Noor 
Published: August 2020

In Pakistan, a total of 81 species under 42 genera of hoverflies are currently known. As a result of ongoing studies on the family Syrphidae from the Pothwar region of Punjab, we have updated the list of new and known records of the genus Volucella Geoffroy, 1762. The present study includes the diagnostic key, checklist, and distribution of known species, Volucella peleterii (Macquart, 1834), V. pellucens tabanoides Motschulsky, 1859, and V. ruficauda Brunetti, 1907. Volucella pellucens tabanoides Motschulsky, 1859 is a new record for Pakistan. Detailed photographs of all known species including the new records, their diagnostic characters and newly visited plants are provided.
Evaluating threats and conservation status of South African Aloe
Authors: Bamigboye Samuel O. 
Published: August 2020

South Africa is one of the biodiversity hotspots for Aloe in Africa. This makes it important to evaluate the conservation status and threats to this genus. The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) Red List was employed to evaluate these two factors. Results revealed that 44% of all species in this genus are of conservation concern with the majority of them facing threats. This study recommends that more attention such as strengthening the protection of these species and controlling the threats identified in this study should be given to species in this genus in terms of conservation management to reduce their risk of extinction.
Large-Scale Conditions for Reintensification after the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Yanase Wataru , Shimada Udai , Takamura Nao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones that complete extratropical transition (ETTCs) in the western North Pacific are statistically analyzed to clarify the large-scale conditions for their reintensification. A dataset of ETTCs is grouped into intensifying, dissipating, and neutral classes based on the best track data documented by the Japan Meteorological Agency during the period 1979–2018. Intensifying ETTCs are most frequent in September–October, whereas dissipating ETTCs are most frequent in the later season, October–November. Intensifying ETTCs occur at higher latitudes than dissipating ETTCs, where the upper levels are characterized by high potential vorticity (PV) and a steep horizontal gradient of PV. The composite analysis demonstrates that intensifying ETTCs are associated with deep upper-level troughs to their northwest, intense ridge building to their northeast, and strong updrafts to their north associated with vorticity advection and warm-air advection. These results statistically support the findings of previous studies. Furthermore, an analysis using a time filter demonstrates the relationship between planetary-scale environments and synoptic-scale dynamics in the upper levels. The high PV to the northwest of ETTCs is attributed not only to eastward-moving troughs, but also to the environmental PV. The low PV to the northeast of ETTCs results from the negative PV formation associated with ridge building, which almost cancels the environmental PV. Thus, the environmental PV at relatively high latitudes enhances the intensity of positive PV to the northwest of ETTCs, and increases the upper limit of the magnitude of ridge building to the northeast.
Effects of Adding Forced Near-Inertial Motion to a Wind-Driven Channel Flow
Authors: Taylor Stephanne , Straub David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn eddy-resolving primitive equation ocean model is used to examine energy transfers between frequency bands. Steady wind forcing is used to drive a geostrophic channel to which high-frequency winds are added. This excites near-inertial motion, which exerts a Reynolds stress on the slowly varying flow and acts to transfer kinetic energy between low and high frequencies. These transfers extract balanced energy primarily from the mesoscale. A frequency analysis of the transfers shows the bulk of the energy to be extracted from an intermediate range of frequencies that are large relative to the dominant kinetic energy–containing frequencies and small relative to the spectral gap separating high- and low-frequency bands. This phenomenon is robust and is found in systems spanning two orders of magnitude of kinetic energy. Direct calculation of potential energy transfers proved more difficult but nonetheless shows a similar low-to-high frequency transfer. For the parameter range considered, the ratio of potential-to-kinetic energy transfers is slightly larger than unity, and as such is consistent with balanced energy being extracted from horizontal scales that are somewhat larger than the relevant deformation radius.
Variability of the Observed Deep Western Boundary Current in the South China Sea
Authors: Zhou Muping , Wang Guihua , Liu Wenhu , Chen Changlin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe existence of a deep western boundary current (DWBC) in the South China Sea (SCS) was verified by direct observations from three current moorings deployed from September 2015 to September 2018. The average current speeds observed in the DWBC were around 1 cm s−1 along the northern boundary and 3 cm s−1 along the western boundary. The DWBC demonstrates significant intraseasonal variability in the 30–120-day-period band, which may come from the variability in the Luzon overflow or the eddies in the deep SCS forced by a stable Luzon overflow. In addition, observations found that this DWBC along the northern boundary can reverse its direction meridionally in the spring. Model results suggest that if the Luzon overflow decreases one-third of its typical transport, this current reversal can occur. This behavior can be explained through “relaxation” theory.
Influence of Wind-Induced Antenna Oscillations on Radar Observations and Its Mitigation
Authors: Chang Pao-Liang , Fang Wei-Ting , Lin Pin-Fang , Tang Yu-Shuang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs Typhoon Goni (2015) passed over Ishigaki Island, a maximum gust speed of 71 m s−1 was observed by a surface weather station. During Typhoon Goni’s passage, mountaintop radar recorded antenna elevation angle oscillations, with a maximum amplitude of ~0.2° at an elevation angle of 0.2°. This oscillation phenomenon was reflected in the reflectivity and Doppler velocity fields as Typhoon Goni’s eyewall encompassed Ishigaki Island. The main antenna oscillation period was approximately 0.21–0.38 s under an antenna rotational speed of ~4 rpm. The estimated fundamental vibration period of the radar tower is approximately 0.25–0.44 s, which is comparable to the predominant antenna oscillation period and agrees with the expected wind-induced vibrations of buildings. The reflectivity field at the 0.2° elevation angle exhibited a phase shift signature and a negative correlation of −0.5 with the antenna oscillation, associated with the negative vertical gradient of reflectivity. FFT analysis revealed two antenna oscillation periods at 0955–1205 and 1335–1445 UTC 23 August 2015. The oscillation phenomenon ceased between these two periods because Typhoon Goni’s eye moved over the radar site. The VAD analysis-estimated wind speeds at a range of 1 km for these two antenna oscillation periods exceeded 45 m s−1, with a maximum value of approximately 70 m s−1. A bandpass filter QC procedure is proposed to filter out the predominant wavenumbers (between 40 and 70) for the reflectivity and Doppler velocity fields. The proposed QC procedure is indicated to be capable of mitigating the major signals resulting from antenna oscillations.
Comprehensive Community Screening of Otological Patients by Trained Technicians Using a Telemedicine Device: An Efficient and Cost-Effective Way to Triage Patients With Ear Diseases
Authors: Gupta Nishi , Baghotia K. S. , Rabha Manipadama , Sachdeva Sanchi , Sahai Garima , Bhatnagar Kaustubh , Ahuja Prateek 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To emphasize the benefits of tele-otology in community screening of patients with ear diseases. Methods: A retrospective study of all patients screened and treated under the Shruti tele-otology program between 2013 and 2019 was conducted. It involved screening, diagnosis, medical management, surgical intervention, and rehabilitation using hearing aid. The study focused on underprivileged and underserved community of rural and urban slums across 12 states of India. The study was conducted using a telemedicine device called ENTraview, that is, a camera-enabled android phone integrated with an otoscope and audiometry screening. Result: A total of 810 746 people were screened, and incidence of various ear diseases was recorded. Ear problems were found in 265 615 (33%) patients, of which 151 067 (57%) had impacted wax, 46 792(18%) had chronic suppurative otitis media, 27 875 (10%) had diminished hearing, 12 729 (5%) had acute otitis media and acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), and 27 152 (10%) had problems of foreign body, otomycosis, and so on. Of the total 265 615 referred patients, 20 986 (8%) reported for treatment and received treatment at a significantly reduced cost through Shruti program partners. The conversion rate of nonsurgical and surgical procedure was also compared, and it was found that, while 9% of the patients opted for nonsurgical treatment, only 3% opted for surgery in the intervention group giving a significant P value of .00001. Conclusion: The potential for telemedicine to reduce inequalities in health care is immense but remains underutilized. Shruti has largely been able to bridge this gap as it is an innovative, fast, and effective programs that address the ear ailment in the community.
Easy-to-use electrocautery smoke evacuation device for open surgery under the risk of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ekci Baki 
Published: August 2020

Objective This study was performed to introduce an easy method of surgical smoke evacuation for patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 undergoing emergency surgery. Methods An easy, inexpensive, protective, and practical surgical smoke evacuation device/system was developed and is herein described. Results The use of this surgical smoke evacuation device/system in open surgery is convenient and effective. It allows for easy, economic, useful, and protective surgical smoke evacuation. Conclusions COVID-19 infection causes direct mortality and morbidity, and its incidence has recently increased. Protection from electrosurgery-related smoke is recommended particularly during the current pandemic. This surgical smoke evacuation device/system is easy to use and provides a convenient and effective method of smoke evacuation during both open surgery and all cauterization interventions.
Innovative approaches to designing and manufacturing a prosthetic thumb
Authors: Štefanovič Branko , Michalíková Monika , Bednarčíková Lucia , Trebuňová Marianna , Živčák Jozef 
Published: August 2020

Case description:
Conventional methods for producing custom prosthetic fingers are time-consuming, can be uncomfortable for the patient, and require a skilled prosthetist. The subject was a 40-year-old male with congenital absence of the thumb and related metacarpal bone on the right non-dominant hand, anomaly of the lengths of individual upper limb segments, and contracture of the elbow joint. This hand presentation made it impossible for him to perform thumb opposition, which is a very important function for common daily activities.

Objective:
The goal was to design an individual passive thumb prosthesis using free open-source software, 3D scanning technology, and additive manufacturing methods (i.e., fused filament fabrication).

Study design:
Case report.

Treatment:
Artificial thumb prostheses with two types of bases and fastening interfaces were designed and manufactured. One combination was chosen as the best alternative.

Outcomes:
The shape, positioning, firmness, and fastening of the prosthesis were compliant enough for the patient to be able to hold objects with his healthy fingers and artificial thumb. This innovative approach to fabrication of a custom thumb prosthesis provided considerable advantages in terms of custom sizing, manufacturing time, rapid production, iteration, comfort, and costs when compared to conventional methods of manufacturing a hand prosthesis.

Conclusion:
The methodology of designing and manufacturing a prosthetic thumb using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing technologies have been demonstrated to be adequate from a practical point of view. These technologies show potential for use in the practice of prosthetics.
Trajectories of the Psychological Status of Mothers of Infants With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Prospective Cohort Study From the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Sato Yukihiro , Yoshioka Eiji , Saijo Yasuaki , Miyamoto Toshinobu , Sengoku Kazuo , Azuma Hiroshi , Tanahashi Yusuke , Ito Yoshiya , Kobayashi Sumitaka , Minatoya Machiko , Bamai Yu Ait , Yamazaki Keiko , Ito Sachiko , Miyashita Chihiro , Araki Atsuko , Kishi Reiko ,   Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
Published: August 2020

Objective: This study examined psychological status trajectories of mothers of infants with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in Japan. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. Participants: Infants with a nonsyndromic cleft (N = 148) including cleft lip and palate (CLP; n = 72), cleft lip (CL; n = 46), and cleft palate (CP; n = 30). The control group included unaffected infants (N = 84 454). Main Outcome Measures: At 15 weeks and 27 weeks of pregnancy and 12 months after birth, the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (clinical cutoff ≥5) was used. At 1 month and 6 months after birth, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (clinical cutoff ≥9) was used. Results: Prenatal diagnosis rates were unavailable. Mothers of infants with CLP had higher psychological distress than controls at 27 weeks of pregnancy (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06-1.74) and postnatal depression at 1 month after birth (PR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.53-3.19). Mothers of infants with CP showed heightened psychological distress at 27 weeks of pregnancy (PR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.21-2.17) and postnatal depression 6 months after birth (PR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.01-3.43). There was no significant association between CL and maternal psychological status. At 12 months after birth, no differences in distress were found between mothers of infants with a cleft and controls. Conclusions: Mothers of infants with orofacial clefts may need psychosocial support, particularly during pregnancy and the first year after birth.