bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavefront Aberration Outcomes of LASIK for High Myopia and High Hyperopia
Authors: Pesudovs Konrad 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the higher order aberrations at the corneal first surface after conventional LASIK for high myopia and high hyperopia.
METHODS: This was a retrospective study using a convenience sample with subjects divided into five groups by level of refractive correction. Group 1 were normals, having no eye disease or previous surgery, but may have had refractive error. Group 2 had low myopia (-1.00 to -5.87 D), group 3 high myopia (>6.00 D), group 4 low hyperopia (+1.00 to +3.87 D), and group 5 high hyperopia (>4.00 D). LASIK was performed using a Technolas 217 laser. Corneal topography was taken with Orbscan II, and Placido data exported to VOLPro software v6.71. Wavefront aberrations were determined fora 6.0-mm pupil.

RESULTS: The study included 264 subjects-group 1 (normal), n =204; group 2 (low myopia), n =20; group 3 (high myopia), n =20; group 4 (low hyperopia), n =10; and group 5 (high hyperopia), n =10. The spherical equivalent refractive error corrected (mean±SD) was 0.00±0.00 D in group 1, -3.92±1.47 D in group 2, -9.53±2.06 D in group 3, +2.49±0.51 D in group 4, and +5.54?1.22 D in group 5. The total higher order root-mean-square (RMS) wavefront aberration was 0.38±0.07 µm in group 1, 0.69±0.22 µm in group 2, 1.36±1.79 µm in group 3, 0.64±0.34 µm in group 4, and 1.76±0.54 µm in group 5. Spherical aberration was 0.25±0.06µm in group 1, 0.45±0.11µm in group 2, 0.64±0.29µm in group 3, -0.11±0.15 µm in group 4, and -0.56±0.22µm in group 5. The refractive correction (Rx) was highly correlated to total higher order RMS for myopic correction higher order RMS =0.38 -0.07Rx, R
p 2
=0.52, and for hyperopic correction higher order RMS=O. 18 +0.28Rx, R
p 2
=0.75.

CONCLUSIONS: Conventional LASIK increases all corneal higher order aberrations with induced aberrations increasing with the magnitude of refractive correction. High refractive corrections, both myopic (>6.00 D) and hyperopic (>5.00 D), can lead to very high levels of corneal higher order aberrations. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21: S508-S512.]
A New Night Vision Disturbances Parameter and Contrast Sensitivity as Indicators of Success in Wavefront-guided Enhancement
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Archer Timothy J , Couch Darren , Schroeder Eckhard , Wottke Matthias 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the level of success of wavefront-guided repair of night vision disturbances after conventional (Munnerlyn) myopic LASIK using a new parameter to describe higher order aberrations, and to compare the improvements to matched myopic LASIK controls who were symptom-free.

METHODS: We developed a single parameter metric to represent raw spherical aberration (RAWS) to functionally describe the cumulative spherical aberration for an eye over a range of physiological pupil sizes. To derive the RAWS parameter, spherical aberration is plotted over pupil analysis zones from 3000 to 6000 µm. The RAWS parameter (unit = µm
p 2
) is then equal to the area under the plot. Sixteen eyes treated for night vision disturbances by wavefront-guided repair were each compared to the mean of four matched control eyes (total 64 eyes) treated by aspheric myopic ablation and without night vision disturbances. Contrast sensitivity and RAWs parameter for spherical aberration were determined for each of the repair eyes and control eyes before and after surgery.

RESULTS: Following wavefront-guided repair, 76% of eyes were subjectively reported to have night vision disturbances improved by at least 80%. The percentage of eyes within normal contrast range increased from 25% to 80% following wavefront-guided repair (P<.05). For the control eyes, LASIK increased RAWS by 126% (RAWS was 122 µm
p 2
preoperatively and 276 µm
p 2
post-operatively). For the night vision disturbances repair eye group, RAWS at presentation was 104% (563 µm
p 2
) above the respective postoperative RAWS control eyes. Following wavefront-guided repair, RAWS was decreased (P<.05) to only 49% (410 µm
p 2
) above the postoperative control group.

CONCLUSIONS: The RAWS parameter enabled a single digit descriptor of overall higher order aberrations for an eye over the principal physiological pupil range. By comparing RAWS parameter changes in wavefront-guided repair eyes to matched postoperative asymptomatic eyes, we were able to determine the magnitude of the deficit in the symptomatic eyes and the relative efficacy of wavefront-guided repair. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21: S535-S540.]
Features of Hyperopic LASIK in Children
Authors: Dvali Merab L , Tsintsadze Nana A , Mirtskhulava Sophia I 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of hyperopic LASIK in children and adolescents with accommodative strabismus and refractive amblyopia.
METHODS: The procedures were conducted by standard methods of LASIK using a Technolas 217C excimer laser (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY).
RESULTS: LASIK resolved the accommodative components of strabismus by achieving stabilization of visual acuity and decrease (or disappearance) of amblyopia degree. All patients achieved binocular vision.
CONCLUSIONS: Excimer laser correction of hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism in children and adolescents has the potential to correct refractive errors, improve visual function in amblyopic eyes, correct accommodative strabismus, and improve binocular vision. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21(Suppl):S614-S616.]
Ocular Cyclotorsion During Customized Laser Ablation
Authors: Ciccio Amy E , Durrie Daniel S , Stahl Jason E , Schwendeman Frank 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the measured difference and degree of cyclotorsion in eyes undergoing customized laser ablation between the time of wavefront measurement and laser refractive surgery.
METHODS: The degree of cyclotorsion was measured in 1019 consecutive eyes of 732 patients who underwent wavefront-guided corneal ablation for the treatment of myopia with or without astigmatism with the Alcon LADARVision excimer laser. Prior to obtaining the wavefront measurement, the horizontal axis of each eye was marked. Cyclotorsional alignment was measured on the supine patient prior to beginning the laser.
RESULTS: The predominant trend was for excyclotorsion. The total range of torsion in degrees was 0.5? to 17.5? (mean: 4.05?2.9?). Cyclotorsion >2? occurred in 68% of all eyes. In the right eyes, 83% excyclotorted, 14% incyclotorted, and 3% displayed no torsion. In the left eyes, 62% excyclotorted, 34% incyclotorted, and 4% exhibited no torsion. In a subset of 112 patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral surgery, 46% displayed bilateral excyclotorsion and 1.7% displayed bilateral incyclotorsion.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the majority of eyes had a low to moderate amount of cyclotorsion observed with the change of orientation from seated to supine position. Excyclotorsion was the predominant pattern. Proper registration prior to wavefront-guided corneal ablation is essential for proper correction of astigmatism and higher order aberrations to achieve optimal visual outcomes. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S772-S774.]
IL-10 Impairs Local Immune Response in Lung Granulomas and Lymph Nodes during EarlyMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection
Authors: Wong Eileen A. , Evans Stephanie , Kraus Carolyn R. , Engelman Kathleen D. , Maiello Pauline , Flores Walter J. , Cadena Anthony M. , Klein Edwin , Thomas Kayla , White Alexander G. , Causgrove Chelsea , Stein Brianne , Tomko Jaime , Mattila Joshua T. , Gideon Hannah , Lin P. Ling , Reimann Keith A. , Kirschner Denise E. , Flynn JoAnne L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a major global health problem. Lung granulomas are organized structures of host immune cells that function to contain the bacteria. Cytokine expression is a critical component of the protective immune response, but inappropriate cytokine expression can exacerbate TB. Although the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in controlling M. tuberculosis infection has been established, the effects of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, in TB are less well understood. To investigate the role of IL-10, we used an Ab to neutralize IL-10 in cynomolgus macaques during M. tuberculosis infection. Anti–IL-10–treated nonhuman primates had similar overall disease outcomes compared with untreated control nonhuman primates, but there were immunological changes in granulomas and lymph nodes from anti–IL-10–treated animals. There was less thoracic inflammation and increased cytokine production in lung granulomas and lymph nodes from IL-10–neutralized animals at 3–4 wk postinfection compared with control animals. At 8 wk postinfection, lung granulomas from IL-10–neutralized animals had reduced cytokine production but increased fibrosis relative to control animals. Although these immunological changes did not affect the overall disease burden during the first 8 wk of infection, we paired computational modeling to explore late infection dynamics. Our findings support that early changes occurring in the absence of IL-10 may lead to better bacterial control later during infection. These unique datasets provide insight into the contribution of IL-10 to the immunological balance necessary for granulomas to control bacterial burden and disease pathology in M. tuberculosis infection.
Generalizations of Menchov–Rademacher Theorem and Existence of Wave Operators in Schrödinger Evolution
Authors: Denisov Sergey , Mohamed Liban 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe obtain generalizations of the classical Menchov–Rademacher theorem to the case of continuous orthogonal systems. These results are applied to show the existence of Moller wave operators in Schrödinger evolution.
The efficiency of transport into the stratosphere via the Asian and North American summer monsoon circulations
Authors: Yan Xiaolu , Konopka Paul , Ploeger Felix , Podglajen Aurélien , Wright Jonathon S. , Müller Rolf , Riese Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Transport of pollutants into the stratosphere via the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) or North American summer monsoon (NASM) may affect the atmospheric composition and climate both locally and globally. We identify and study the robust characteristics of transport from the ASM and NASM regions to the stratosphere using the Lagrangian chemistry transport model CLaMS driven by both the ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 reanalyses. In particular, we quantify the relative influences of the ASM and NASM on stratospheric composition and investigate the transport pathways and efficiencies of transport of air masses originating at different altitudes in these two monsoon regions to the stratosphere. We release artificial tracers in several vertical layers from the middle troposphere to the lower stratosphere in both ASM and NASM source regions during July and August 2010–2013 and track their evolution until the following summer. We find that more air mass is transported from the ASM and NASM regions to the tropical stratosphere, and even to the southern hemispheric stratosphere, when the tracers are released clearly below the tropopause (350–360 K) than when they are released close to the tropopause (370–380 K). For tracers released close to the tropopause (370–380 K), transport is primarily into the northern hemispheric lower stratosphere. Results for different vertical layers of air origin reveal two transport pathways from the upper troposphere over the ASM and NASM regions to the tropical pipe: (i) quasi-horizontal transport to the tropics below the tropopause followed by ascent to the stratosphere via tropical upwelling, and (ii) ascent into the stratosphere inside the ASM/NASM followed by quasi-horizontal transport to the tropical lower stratosphere and further to the tropical pipe. Overall, the tropical pathway (i) is faster than the monsoon pathway (ii), particularly in the ascending branch. The abundance of air in the tropical pipe that originates in the ASM upper troposphere (350–360 K) is comparable to the abundance of air ascending directly from the tropics to the tropical pipe 10 months after (the following early summer) the release of the source tracers. The air mass contributions from the ASM to the tropical pipe are about 3 times larger than the corresponding contributions from the NASM. The transport efficiency into the tropical pipe, the air mass fraction inside this destination region normalized by the mass of the domain of origin, is greatest from the ASM region at 370–380 K. Although the contribution from the NASM to the stratosphere is less than that from either the ASM or the tropics, the transport efficiency from the NASM is comparable to that from the tropics.
Global biosphere–climate interaction: a causal appraisal of observations and models over multiple temporal scales
Authors: Claessen Jeroen , Molini Annalisa , Martens Brecht , Detto Matteo , Demuzere Matthias , Miralles Diego G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Improving the skill of Earth system models (ESMs) in representing climate–vegetation interactions is crucial to enhance our predictions of future climate and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, ESMs need to correctly simulate the impact of climate on vegetation, but likewise feedbacks of vegetation on climate must be adequately represented. However, model predictions at large spatial scales remain subjected to large uncertainties, mostly due to the lack of observational patterns to benchmark them. Here, the bidirectional nature of climate–vegetation interactions is explored across multiple temporal scales by adopting a spectral Granger causality framework that allows identification of potentially co-dependent variables. Results based on global and multi-decadal records of remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) and observed atmospheric data show that the climate control on vegetation variability increases with longer temporal scales, being higher at inter-annual than multi-month scales. Globally, precipitation is the most dominant driver of vegetation at monthly scales, particularly in (semi-)arid regions. The seasonal LAI variability in energy-driven latitudes is mainly controlled by radiation, while air temperature controls vegetation growth and decay in high northern latitudes at inter-annual scales. These observational results are used as a benchmark to evaluate four ESM simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Findings indicate a tendency of ESMs to over-represent the climate control on LAI dynamics and a particular overestimation of the dominance of precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions at inter-annual scales. Analogously, CMIP5 models overestimate the control of air temperature on seasonal vegetation variability, especially in forested regions. Overall, climate impacts on LAI are found to be stronger than the feedbacks of LAI on climate in both observations and models; in other words, local climate variability leaves a larger imprint on temporal LAI dynamics than vice versa. Note however that while vegetation reacts directly to its local climate conditions, the spatially collocated character of the analysis does not allow for the identification of remote feedbacks, which might result in an underestimation of the biophysical effects of vegetation on climate. Nonetheless, the widespread effect of LAI variability on radiation, as observed over the northern latitudes due to albedo changes, is overestimated by the CMIP5 models. Overall, our experiments emphasise the potential of benchmarking the representation of particular interactions in online ESMs using causal statistics in combination with observational data, as opposed to the more conventional evaluation of the magnitude and dynamics of individual variables.
Evaluation of MODIS and VIIRS cloud-gap-filled snow-cover products for production of an Earth science data record
Authors: Hall Dorothy K. , Riggs George A. , DiGirolamo Nicolo E. , Román Miguel O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cryosphere products have been available since 2000 – following the 1999 launch of the Terra MODIS and the 2002 launch of the Aqua MODIS – and include global snow-cover extent (SCE) (swath, daily, and 8 d composites) at 500 m and ∼5 km spatial resolutions. These products are used extensively in hydrological modeling and climate studies. Reprocessing of the complete snow-cover data record, from Collection 5 (C5) to Collection 6 (C6) and Collection 6.1 (C6.1), has provided improvements in the MODIS product suite. Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Collection 1 (C1) snow-cover products at a 375 m spatial resolution have been available since 2011 and are currently being reprocessed for Collection 2 (C2). Both the MODIS C6.1 and the VIIRS C2 products will be available for download from the National Snow and Ice Data Center beginning in early 2020 with the complete time series available in 2020. To address the need for a cloud-reduced or cloud-free daily SCE product for both MODIS and VIIRS, a daily cloud-gap-filled (CGF) snow-cover algorithm was developed for MODIS C6.1 and VIIRS C2 processing. MOD10A1F (Terra) and MYD10A1F (Aqua) are daily, 500 m resolution CGF SCE map products from MODIS. VNP10A1F is the daily, 375 m resolution CGF SCE map product from VIIRS. These CGF products include quality-assurance data such as cloud-persistence statistics showing the age of the observation in each pixel. The objective of this paper is to introduce the new MODIS and VIIRS standard CGF daily SCE products and to provide a preliminary evaluation of uncertainties in the gap-filling methodology so that the products can be used as the basis for a moderate-resolution Earth science data record (ESDR) of SCE. Time series of the MODIS and VIIRS CGF products have been developed and evaluated at selected study sites in the US and southern Canada. Observed differences, although small, are largely attributed to cloud masking and differences in the time of day of image acquisition. A nearly 3-month
time-series comparison of Terra MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS CGF snow-cover maps
for a large study area covering all or parts of 11 states in the western US and part of southwestern Canada reveals excellent correspondence between the Terra MODIS and S-NPP VIIRS products, with a mean difference of 11 070 km2, which is ∼0.45 % of the study area. According to our preliminary validation of the Terra and Aqua MODIS CGF SCE products in the western US study area, we found higher accuracy of the Terra product compared with the Aqua product. The MODIS CGF SCE data record beginning in 2000 has been extended into the VIIRS era, which should last at least through the early 2030s.
Validez Jurídica de la “Palabra de Matrimonio” en la Villa y Alcaldía Mayor de Tegucigalpa (1772-1822)
Authors: Cardona Amaya José Manuel 
Published: December 2019

La palabra matrimonio como una fi gura jurídica ocupó un lugar importante en las relaciones civiles de la época colonial hondureña, sirviendo como el primer paso formal antes de la celebración del matrimonio y, por lo tanto, con sufi ciente peso legal para justifi car el inicio de un proceso dado su incumplimiento. En el presente artículo se explora la evolución de la validez jurídica de la palabra de matrimonio en los años finales de aplicación del derecho indiano en las colonias españolas, específi camente en la jurisdicción de la villa de Tegucigalpa y su Alcaldía Mayor. Para la investigación se utilizó el Fondo de la Alcaldía Mayor contenido en el Archivo Nacional de Honduras, encontrándose cinco casos referentes al objeto de estudio.
Otitis Media Cronica (OMC) en adultos
Authors: Pineda Gea Fernanda 
Published: December 2019

La otitis media crónica es el estado más avanzado en el espectro de las otitis medias, El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar el tipo de otitis media crónica en adultos nicaragüenses de 25 – 65 años, Para ello se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en el que se revisaron 312 expedientes clínicos de pacientes diagnosticados con patologías del oído de los cuales 189 tenían diagnóstico de otitis media crónica; Se empleó una técnica de muestreo probabilística sistemática. Se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos. Las variables sometidas a estudio fueron edad, sexo, tipo de otitis media crónica y tratamiento farmacológico. Para el procesamiento estadístico de estas variables se utilizó el programa informático IBM-SPSS® (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versión 25. 0 para Windows 7 de 32 bits, se utilizó el paquete de software Microsoft 365Office® 2010: Microsoft Word® para la depuración de cualquier error de redacción o digitación facilitando de este modo el análisis y reproducción de los resultados y Microsoft Excel® para editar los gráficos y las tablas con el objetivo de hacer más compresible la información obtenida.Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados; El tipo de otitis media crónica más frecuente fue la otitis media crónica no colestomatosa con proceso infeccioso activo (55%), independientemente si fuese colestomatosa o no colestomatosa, recibieron como principal tratamiento: loratadina en un 55,4% (n=173), Concluyendo que la otitis media crónica no colestomatosa con proceso infeccioso activo es el tipo de otitis media crónica frecuente en nuestro medio.
Pragmática transcendental y filosofía social: Karl Otto Apel, Jürgen Habermas y la nueva fundamentación de la Teoría Crítica
Authors: Ortega Esquembre César 
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es defender que la pragmática transcendental ofrece la fundamentación normativa de la teoría crítica como teoría de la acción comunicativa. Para ello se expondrá en primer lugar el problema de la normatividad en la Teoría Crítica de la sociedad. Tras describir la forma que adquiere esta teoría tras el giro lingüístico operado por Jürgen Habermas, se reconstruirán en tercer lugar los elementos fundamentales de la pragmática transcendental apeliana y habermasiana. En cuarto y último lugar se mostrará que este modelo constituye la fundamentación normativa de la nueva teoría crítica.
The aim of this paper is to argue that transcendental pragmatics constitutes the normative foundation of critical theory, understood as theory of communicative action. To that end, the issue of normativity within Critical Theory discussions is first exposed. After describing the form this theory takes from the linguistic turn carried out by Jürgen Habermas, key elements of Karl Otto Apel´s and Jürgen Habermas´ transcendental pragmatics are thirdly reconstructed. Fourth paragraph shows that this model operates as the normative foundation of the new critical theory.
La centralidad ética del discurso
Authors: Damiani Alberto Mario 
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del presente trabajo es explicar la relación entre las nociones de discurso y acción en un marco pragmático trascendental. El trabajo comienza con una presentación de la primera noción y de la idea de pretensión de validez. Luego son examinadas algunas objeciones a la justificación última de la ética, formulada por Apel. La conclusión es que es posible una respuesta a esas objeciones mediante la diferenciación entre dos niveles de la relación entre discurso y acción: un nivel fáctico y uno trascendental.
The aim of this paper is to explain the relation between the notions of discourse and action in a transcendental-pragmatic frame. The paper begins with a presentation of the first notion and the idea of validity claim. After that, some objections to Apel's ultimate justifications of ethic are examined. The conclusion is that an answer to these objections is possible throw the difference between two levels of the relation between discourse and action: a real level and a transcendental one.