bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavefront Aberration Analysis in Diabetic Children and Adolescents with Normal Vision
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Jia Yan , Li Tao , Wang Anken , Gao Lu , Yang Chenhao , Zou Haidong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare the differences in wavefront aberrations between healthy and diabetic children with normal central vision and to investigate the causes of declined visual quality in diabetic children.Methods: This was a case-control study. Children with or without diabetes with normal central vision were selected as case and control group. The wavefront aberration parameters, including spherical aberration, coma aberration, root mean square of total wavefront aberration, root mean square of higher-order wavefront aberration, and corneal curvature, were measured by an automatic multifunctional ophthalmoscope. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the differences in average binocular wavefront aberration between groups. The correlations between wavefront aberration and age, visual acuity, corneal endothelium, intraocular pressure, axial length, corneal diameter, central corneal thickness, crystal thickness, anterior and posterior surface curvatures, and anterior chamber depth were analyzed in the diabetic group.Results: 32 patients with diabetes and 38 age- and sex-matched individuals were enrolled. The mean total and higher-order aberrations in diabetic group were slightly higher than those in control group, with no significant difference between groups (P > .05). The root mean squares of the aberrations correlated with anterior and posterior surface curvatures (P3mm = .014, P5mm = .021; P3mm = .035, P5mm = .038, respectively), but not with age, visual acuity, corneal endothelium, intraocular pressure, axis, corneal diameter, central corneal thickness, crystal thickness, and anterior chamber depth.Conclusions: For diabetic children, subtle changes in lens may lead to changes in wavefront aberrations and this may be the causes of visual impairment. These findings indicate the need to strengthen early screening and close follow-up of wavefront aberrations in diabetic children.Trial registration: This was a case-control study based on a hospital population (NCT 03587948). Date of registration was 07/03/2018. The name of the registration is Shanghai Children and Adolescent Diabetes Eye Study.
Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling analysis of the xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase gene family in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Shen Hongyan , Tan Qiuping , Xiao Wei , Deng Wenpeng , Yu Xiaoyan , Wu Hongyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are a class of cell wall-associated enzymes involved in the construction and remodeling of cellulose/xyloglucan crosslinks. However, knowledge of this gene family in the model monocot Brachypodium distachyon is limited. Results: A total of 29 BdXTH genes were identified from the reference genome, and these were further divided into three main groups (Group I/II, Group III, and the Ancestral Group) through comparative phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and protein motif analysis indicate that closely clustered BdXTH genes are relatively conserved within each group. A highly conserved amino acid domain (DEIDFEFLG) responsible for catalytic activity was identified in all BdXTH proteins. We detected three pairs of segmentally duplicated BdXTH genes and five groups of tandemly duplicated BdXTH genes, which have played important roles in the expansion of the BdXTH gene family. Cis -elements related to hormones, growth, and abiotic stress responses were identified in the promoters of each BdXTH gene. Most BdXTH genes have distinct expression patterns in different tissues and growth stages. Furthermore, when roots were treated with two abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) and four plant hormones (IAA, auxin; GA3, gibberellin; ABA, abscisic acid and BR, brassinolide), the expression levels of many BdXTH genes changed significantly, suggesting possible roles in response to various environmental stimuli and plant hormones. Conclusion: In this study, we performed genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression pattern analysis of the XTH gene family in Brachypodium, which provide valuable information for further elucidation of the biological functions of BdXTH genes in the model grass B. distachyon.
Wrist Tuberculosis-experience From Eighteen Cases: A Retrospective Study
Authors: zou longfei , tan meiyun , guo xing , guo jiang , xue hao , zheng shuling , zhang jianhua , huang denghua , lv hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Wrist tuberculosis is a rare disease, easy to cause misdiagnosis, delay treatment and lead to poor prognosis. In this study, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of 18 cases of wrist tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective study investigating tuberculosis of the wrist, diagnosed in 18 patients from August 2013 to November 2018. Puncture biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The study includes 11 males and 7 females, and 8 left and 10 right wrists. The average age was 53.5 ± 18.3 years and ranged from 15 to 81 years. The disease course was 1 to 42 months, with an average of 15.1 ± 11.3 months. Eighteen patients were treated with surgery and chemotherapy, 3 patients with severe bone defect were treated with wrist fusion, and 15 patients were treated with focus removal. The Gartland and Werley score, DASH score, the range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and imaging examinations were used to evaluate the postoperative recovery of the patients.
Results

Eighteen patients were followed up for 15 to 77 months, with an average follow up of 39.7 ± 15.3 months. The ESR and CRP levels were normal for all patients after chemotherapy. No recurrence of tuberculosis was observed in any of the patients. Among the 15 focus removal, the Gartland and Werley scores at admission, two weeks of chemotherapy, 1 month after surgery, and the last follow-up were 21.73 ± 4.33, 18.60 ± 3.16,11.27 ± 2.79, and 5.07 ± 2.28, respectively; and DASH scores were 45.87 ± 5.58, 39.47 ± 4.72,22.67 ± 6.54, and 6.73 ± 2.94, respectively. The wrist range of motion (ROM) and grip strength improved significantly compared to those at admission. Among the three cases of wrist fusion, 2 were fixed with a steel plate and the fixation position of wrist joint was good. One case was fixed with Kirschner wire and resulted in a slightly deformed wrist joint.
Conclusion

For the patients with wrist tuberculosis, early diagnosis, preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy, thorough focus removal, and appropriate fixation of the affected limb can help restore the function of the affected wrist, reduce the recurrence rate, and improve the quality of life.
Comparing Different Wavelet Transforms on Removing Electrocardiogram Baseline Wanders and Special Trends
Authors: Tsui Fuchiang , Chen Chao-Chen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, an important indicator for heart problems, is commonly corrupted by a low-frequency baseline wander (BW) artifact, which may cause interpretation difficulty or inaccurate analysis. Unlike current state-of-the-art approach using band-pass filters, wavelet transforms can accurately capture both time and frequency information of a signal. However, extant literature is limited in applying wavelet transforms (WTs) for baseline wander removal. In this study, we aimed to evaluate 5 wavelet families with a total of 14 wavelets for removing ECG baseline wanders from a semi-synthetic dataset.Methods We created a semi-synthetic ECG dataset based on a public QT Database on Physionet repository with ECG data from 105 patients. The semi-synthetic ECG dataset comprised ECG excerpts from the QT database superimposed with artificial baseline wanders. We extracted one ECG excerpt from each of 105 patients, and the ECG excerpt comprised 14 seconds of randomly selected ECG data. 12 baseline wanders were manually generated, including sinusoidal waves, spikes and step functions. We implemented and evaluated 14 commonly used wavelets up to 12 WT levels. The evaluation metric was mean-square-error (MSE) between the original ECG excerpt and the processed signal with artificial BW removed. Results Among the 14 wavelets, Daubechies-3 wavelet and Symlets-3 wavelet with 7 levels of WT had best performance, MSE=0.0044. The average MSEs for sinusoidal waves, step, and spike functions were 0.0271, 0.0304, 0.0199 respectively. For artificial baseline wanders with spikes or step functions, wavelet transforms in general had lower performance in removing the BW; however, WTs accurately located the temporal position of an impulse edge. Conclusions We found wavelet transforms in general accurately removed various baseline wanders. Daubechies-3 and Symlets-3 wavelets performed best. The study could facilitate future real-time processing of streaming ECG signals for clinical decision support systems.
Defining the Learning Curve is Necessary to Improve Oocyte Retrieval Skills: Lessons from A Single High-Volume Reproductive CenterDefining the Learning Curve is Necessary to Improve Oocyte Retrieval Skills: Lessons from A Single High-Volume Reproductive Center
Authors: Cao Mingzhu , You Danming , Li Sichen , Wu Yixuan , Liu Haiying , Huang Qing , Liu Jianqiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the novice trainee’s learning curve for oocytes retrieval procedure through assessment of oocytes retrieval efficiency, operative time and other operative characteristics. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 200 consecutive patients undergoing transvaginal ultrasound guided oocytes retrieval procedure. Those patients underwent oocyte retrieval procedure by a single operator and one experienced supervisor. Their clinical data, including demographic data, ovarian stimulation cycle information, surgical procedure, and laboratory data were collected over 3 months. CUSUM analyses based on the operative time were performed to determine the learning curve. Results: The mean operative time was 10.10 min. Based on the CUSUM plot of operative time, the learning curve can be divided into three separated phases, phase 1 (case 1 to case 49) was learning phase, phase 2 (case 50 to case 130) was acquisition phase, and phase 3 (case 131 to case 200) was proficiency phase. The operative time was significantly shortened from phase 1 to phase 3 (phase 1, 13.37 ± 4.83min; phase 2, 10.21 ± 3.30 min; phase 3, 7.67 ± 3.24 min, P < 0.001). The oocyte retrieval efficiency was also notably improved from phase 1 to phase 3 (78.2% to 100% based on method 1 to determine oocyte retrieval efficiency, and 104.2% to 121.1% based on method 2 to determine oocyte retrieval efficiency). The retrieved oocytes number, the fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate among the three phases showed no significant differences. No patients had severe adverse events. As determined by multiple linear regression, learning phase is the only independent predictor of oocyte retrieval efficiency. Conclusion: Trainees practice transvaginal ultrasound guided oocytes retrieval are expected to achieve a stabilized procedure over consecutive training cases, with acquisition of the skills at 49 cases, and proficiency at 130 cases. Cumulative operative experience can improve the operative time and oocytes retrieval efficiency, but showed minimal influence on retrieved oocytes number and reproductive outcomes.
A case report of&nbsp;SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer with a spindle cell component found by next-generation sequencing of a brain metastasis
Authors: Ikeda Hiroko , Sone Takashi , Kasahara Kazuo , Nakada Satoko , Yoshimura Kaori , Sakaguchi Maki , Mizuguchi Keishi , Nojima Takayuki , Takeuchi Shinji , Yano Seiji , Yoshida Kotaro , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Several studies of different cancers have revealed mutations in switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex genes. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), which is encoded by SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4), is a member of this complex. SMARCA4/BRG-1-deficient non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been considered a subset of lung cancer that has distinct clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics, which implies its relationship with SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient thoracic sarcoma. Case presentation: We experienced a case of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient lung cancer in a 40-year-old female patient with a history of smoking. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large mass in the right lung apex with an extension to the extrapulmonary region and cerebral metastasis. Histological analysis showed poorly differentiated carcinoma with spindle cell components. She was diagnosed with NSCLC (stage IV) at that point. An EGFR mutation and ALK and ROS1 rearrangement were not detected, and then treated with chemoradiotherapy. Overall, the tumors were resistant to chemotherapy, and therefore, after 2 years, the brain tumor was excised for histological and molecular analysis. Histologically, the brain mass was an undifferentiated tumor with round cells and glandular components. The mutation in SMARCA4 in the brain specimen was identified by next-generation sequencing. Immunohistochemical examination revealed a complete loss of BRG1. SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient thoracic sarcoma had been raised as a differential diagnosis, collectively, she was diagnosed with SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient NSCLC considering for the result of positivity for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and claudin-4, and negativity for Sal-like protein 4, CD34, and SRY-box 2 by immunohistochemical examination. Regrettably, a definitive diagnosis required approximately 2 years. She is alive with disease at 30 months after the presentation. Conclusions: The diagnosis of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient NSCLC is frequently difficult because of no specific morphology and necessity of discrimination from SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient thoracic sarcoma, which is the practical reason this disease is sometimes missed. Immunohistochemistry for BRG1 should be encouraged for the pathological examination of NSCLC with any histology for the prompt and precise diagnosis of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient NSCLC.
The Decision not to Resuscitate Order for Children and Related Ethical Issues from Students’ Perspective
Authors: abuhammad sawsan , Mufleh Suhiab , Alzoubi Karem H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background : Nurses and PharmD have communicated the for elaborate and properly documented DNR orders for terminally ill children and informed child with terminally ill diseases and relatives to offer excellent care attention, such as more family support, assisting the child with terminally ill disease in passing on peacefully, and preventing unnecessary CPR This research aimed to survey attitudes of nursing and PharmD (PharmD) undergraduate students about the “do not resuscitate” order for children with terminally ill diseases.Method: Across-sectional correlational design was used. More than 400 nursing and PharmD students were recruited in this study. All nursing and doctors of pharmacy undergraduate students were E-mailed information regarding the study, including the web survey link.Results: Approximately 60% of the nursing and PharmD students would disclose the need for the do not resuscitate order for children with terminally ill diseases. The results showed that there was a significant difference in perception toward DNR order between nursing and PharmD. PharmD students had more positive attitude toward DNR than nursing students. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that all demographic variables not associated with the perception toward DNR orders (p value > 0.05). This study shows that Jordanian nursing and PharmD students are willing to learn more about different aspects of DNR orders for terminally ill children and analyzing their responses to many items showed their misconception about DNR orders for terminally ill children.
Probabilistic Graphical Model using Bayesian Networks for Predicting Clinical Outcome after Posterior Decompression in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Park Sung Bae , Oh Sohee , Yoo Changwon , Shin Dong Ah , Lee Sun-Ho , Yang Hee-Jin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM) to show the personalized prediction of clinical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with different clinical conditions after posterior decompression and to use the PGM to identify causal predictors of the outcome.MethodsWe included data from 59 patients who had undergone cervical posterior decompression for CSM. The candidate predictive parameters were age, sex, body mass index, trauma history, symptom duration, preoperative and last Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, gait impairment, claudication, bladder dysfunction, Nurick grade, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiopulmonary disorders, hypertension, stroke, Parkinson disease, dementia, psychiatric disorders, arthritis, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, cord signal change in T1-weighted images, postoperative kyphosis, and cord compression ratio. Statistical and Bayesian network analyses were used to create the PGM and identify predictive factors.ResultsIn multiple linear regression analysis, preoperative JOA score, presence of a psychiatric disorder, and ASIA grade were identified as significant factors associated with the last JOA score. Dementia, sex, preoperative JOA score, and gait impairment were causal factors in the PGM with 93.2% accuracy. Sex, dementia, and preoperative JOA score were direct causal factors related to the last JOA score. Being female, having dementia, and a low preoperative JOA score were significantly related to having a low last JOA score. The PGM showed that preoperative JOA score and sex did not affect the last JOA score in patients with dementia. The probability of having a high last JOA score was higher in men with a high preoperative JOA score than in women with the same preoperative state (74% vs. 2%, respectively).ConclusionsThe causal predictors of surgical outcome for CSM were sex, dementia, and preoperative JOA score. Use of the PGM with the Bayesian network may be useful personalized medicine tool for predicting the outcome for each patient with CSM.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides attenuate RORγt-mediated Th17 response by restoring histone deacetylase-2 in cigarette smoke-exposure asthma
Authors: Hongtao Li , Qimei YE , Yusen Lin , Xuena Yang , Xiaoling Zou , Hailing Yang , Wenbin Wu , Ping Meng , Tiantuo Zhang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure increases corticosteroid insensitive asthma related to increased Th17 phenotype, and new treatment strategies are needed for CS-associated asthma. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), found in airway epithelium, is critical in improving glucocorticoids insensitivity. We recently demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) in CS-exposure asthma. However, CpG-ODN’s effects on HDAC2 expression and enzyme activity remain unstudied. This study aimed to assess whether CpG-ODN protect against excessive Th17 immune responses in CS-induced asthma through HDAC2-dependent mechanisms, comparing their effects with corticosteroids’. Methods: The effects of CpG-ODN alone and in combination with budesonide (BUD) on airway inflammation and Th2/Th17 related airway immune responses were determined using the in vivo model of CS-associated asthma and in cultured bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells administered ovalbumin (OVA) and/or cigarette smoke extract (CSE). HDAC2 and retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) were also assessed in mouse lung specimens and HBE cells. Results: CpG-ODN and BUD in vivo synergistically attenuated CS-exposure asthmatic responses at various levels such as immune cell influx with mixed eosinophils and neutrophils, airway remodeling, Th2/Th17 associated cytokine and chemokine production, and airway hyperresponsiveness, along with blockade of RORγt-mediated Th17 inflammation through induced HDAC2 expression/activity. In vitro, CpG-ODN synergized with BUD to inhibit Th17 cytokine production in OVA- and CSE-challenged HBE cells while suppressing RORγt and increasing epithelial HDAC2 expression/activity. Conclusions：CpG-ODN reversed CS-induced HDAC2 downregulation and enhances the sensitivity of CS-exposure asthma and CSE induced HBE cells to glucocorticoid treatment. This may be related to HDAC2 recovery via RORγt/IL-17 pathway regulation, suggesting CpG-ODN as a potential corticosteroid-sparing agent in CS-induced asthma with Th17-biased immune conditions.
Diversity scaling of human digestive tract (DT) microbiomes: the intra-DT and inter-individual patterns
Authors: Chen Hongju , Yi Bin , Xu Xia , Liu Qiang , Dai Lin , Ma ZS (Sam) 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The human gut microbiome has been extensively studied, but its diversity scaling (changes) along the DT ( digestive tract ) as well as their inter-individual heterogeneities have not been adequately addressed in our opinion. Here we fill the gap by applying the diversity-area relationship (DAR), a recent extension to the classic species-area relationship (SAR) in biogeography, by reanalyzing the dataset of over 2000 16s-rRNA microbiome samples obtained from 10 DT sites of over 200 individuals. We sketched out the biogeography “maps” for each of the 10 DT sites by cross-individual DAR analysis, and the intra-DT distribution pattern by cross-DT site DAR analysis. Regarding the inter-individual biogeography, it was found that all DT sites have the invariant scaling parameter —all sites possessing the same diversity change rate across individuals, but most sites have different potential diversities. In terms of the genus richness, an average individual hosts approximately 20% of the population-level genus richness (total bacterial genus of a human population). In contrast, in terms of community biodiversity, the percentages of individual vs . population may exceed 90%. This suggests that the differences between individuals in their DT microbiomes are predominantly in the composition of bacterial species, rather than how their abundances are distributed ( i.e ., biodiversity). Regarding the intra-DT patterns, the scaling parameter is larger—suggesting that the intra-DT biodiversity changes are more dramatic than inter-individual changes. On average, each site contains 21%-36% of genus diversity of the whole DT, and the percentages are even higher at the higher taxon levels.