bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of McGrath, Pentax, and Macintosh laryngoscope in normal and cervical immobilized manikin by novices: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Yi In Kyong , Kwak Hyun Jeong , Lee Kyung Cheon , Lee Ji Hyea , Min Sang Kee , Kim Jong Yeop 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to compare tracheal intubation performance regarding the time to intubation, glottic view, difficulty, and dental click, by novices using McGrath videolaryngoscope (VL), Pentax Airway Scope (AWS) and Macintosh laryngoscope in normal and cervical immobilized manikin models.

Methods
Thirty-five anesthesia nurses without previous intubation experience were recruited. Participants performed endotracheal intubation in a manikin model at two simulated neck positions (normal and fixed neck via cervical immobilization), using three different devices three times each. Performance parameters included intubation time, success rate of intubation, Cormack Lehane laryngoscope grading, dental click, and subjective difficulty score.

Results
Intubation time and success rate during first attempt were not significantly different between the 3 groups in normal airway manikin. In the cervical immobilized manikin, the intubation time was shorter (p = 0.012), and the success rate with the first attempt was significantly higher (p < 0.001) when using McGrath VL and Pentax AWS compared with Macintosh laryngoscope. Both VLs showed less difficulty score (p < 0.001) and more Cormack Lehane grade I (p < 0.001) in both scenarios. The incidence of dental clicks was higher with Macintosh laryngoscope compared with McGrath VL in cervical immobilized airway (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
McGrath VL and Pentax AWS did not show clinically significant decrease in intubation time, however, they achieved higher first attempt success rate, easier intubation and better glottis view compared with Macintosh laryngoscope by novices in a cervical immobilized manikin model. McGrath VL may reduce the risk of dental injury compared with Macintosh laryngoscope in cervical immobilized scenario.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03161730), May 22, 2017
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/hom
Effect of Impact Load on Splice Length of Reinforcing Bars
Authors: Hwang Hyeon-Jong , Yang Fan , Zang Li , Baek Jang-Woon , Ma Gao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImpact loading damage of reinforced concrete (RC) members deteriorates bond strength of reinforcing bars. To understand the effect of strain rate on the bond strength of reinforcing bars in RC beams under impact load, drop hammer test was performed on twenty-four simply supported RC beams with lap spliced bars at the mid-span. The test parameters were reinforcing bar diameter, splice length, drop height, and hammer mass. The dynamic responses including the impact load history, mid-span deflection history, crack distribution, and strain history of reinforcing bar were evaluated. Although the designed bar development length was 31–69% of the requirement of current design codes under static load, the tensile strength of bar splices was greater than the dynamic yield strength when subjected to large impact energy under impact load. On the basis of the test results, existing design equations for the bar development length under static load were modified to consider the impact loading effect on the bond strength. Factors related to the strain rate effect of materials, impact damage, and impact energy loss were proposed. The prediction of the proposed method agreed well with the tensile strength of bar splices under impact load.
Defining novel functions for cerebrospinal fluid in ALS pathophysiology
Authors: Ng Kee Kwong Koy Chong , Mehta Arpan R. , Nedergaard Maiken , Chandran Siddharthan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the considerable progress made towards understanding ALS pathophysiology, several key features of ALS remain unexplained, from its aetiology to its epidemiological aspects. The glymphatic system, which has recently been recognised as a major clearance pathway for the brain, has received considerable attention in several neurological conditions, particularly Alzheimer’s disease. Its significance in ALS has, however, been little addressed. This perspective article therefore aims to assess the possibility of CSF contribution in ALS by considering various lines of evidence, including the abnormal composition of ALS-CSF, its toxicity and the evidence for impaired CSF dynamics in ALS patients. We also describe a potential role for CSF circulation in determining disease spread as well as the importance of CSF dynamics in ALS neurotherapeutics. We propose that a CSF model could potentially offer additional avenues to explore currently unexplained features of ALS, ultimately leading to new treatment options for people with ALS.
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) reduced inflammation in spinal cord injury via miR-380-3p/ NLRP3 by Circ 0001723
Authors: Li Xigong , Lou Xianfeng , Xu Sanzhong , Du Junhua , Wu Junsong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system trauma. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of HIF-1α on inflammation in spinal cord injury (SCI) to uncover the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammation.

Results
HIF-1α was reduced in SCI model rats and HIF-1α activation reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in SCI model rats. Meanwhile, Circ 0001723 expression was down-regulated and miR-380-3p expression was up-regulated in SCI model rats. In vitro model, down-regulation of Circ 0001723 promoted TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels, compared with control negative group. However, over-expression of Circ 0001723 reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in vitro model. Down-regulation of Circ 0001723 suppressed HIF-1α protein expressions and induced NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expressions in vitro model by up-regulation of miR-380-3p. Next, inactivation of HIF-1α reduced the pro-inflammation effects of Circ 0001723 in vitro model. Then, si-NLRP3 also inhibited the pro-inflammation effects of Circ 0001723 in vitro model via promotion of autophagy.

Conclusions
We concluded that HIF-1α reduced inflammation in spinal cord injury via miR-380-3p/ NLRP3 by Circ 0001723.
Endurance, identity, and temporality: the ethnic labor market and labor process of Chinese migrant workers in France
Authors: Du Juan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWorkers in France enjoy strong legal protections of their rights, and they have developed organizational support through unions. However, Chinese immigrant workers suffer from adverse working conditions and extreme labor precariousness. Paradoxically, they rarely turn to legal institutions for help. Nor do they organize themselves in unions. Instead, they choose to endure their exploitation. Based on an ethnographic study of Chinese immigrant workers in a Paris suburb, this paper investigates different factors that may influence their preference for resistance strategies. This paper begins with an analysis of the typology of exploitation and later proposes two possible explanations for Chinese immigrant workers’ preferences. Finally, it explores the formation of migrant worker subjectivity.
Acromegaly: a clinical perspective
Authors: Lawrence Lima , Alkwatli Kenda , Bena James , Prayson Richard , Kshettry Varun , Recinos Pablo , Hatipoglu Betul , Pantalone Kevin M. , Weil Robert , Hamrahian Amir H. , Kennedy Laurence , Yogi-Morren Divya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
To examine the clinical and hormonal profiles, comorbidities, treatment patterns, surgical pathology and clinical outcomes of patients diagnosed with acromegaly at the Cleveland Clinic over a 15-year period.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients with acromegaly who underwent surgical resection between 2003 and 2018.

Results
A total of 136 patients (62 men; mean age 48.1 years) with biochemical evidence of acromegaly were analyzed. Median insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level at diagnosis was 769.0 ng/mL and most patients had a macroadenoma (82.2%). Immunoreactivity to growth hormone (GH) was noted in 124 adenomas, with co-staining in 89 adenomas. Complete visible tumor resection during initial surgery was achieved in 87 patients (64.0%). In this cohort, complete response to surgery alone was observed in 61 patients (70.1%), while 31 out of 65 patients (47.7%) who received additional post-surgical medications and/or radiation therapy achieved complete response. At most recent follow-up, 92 patients achieved eventual complete response by documented normalization of IGF-1 levels. Higher IGF-1 level at diagnosis (P = 0.024) and cavernous sinus invasion (P = 0.028) were predictors for failure to respond to surgery.

Conclusion
In this study, the majority of tumors were macroadenoma, plurihormonal, and treated effectively with surgery alone or surgery with adjuvant medical or radiation therapy. More studies are needed to identify additional molecular biomarkers, tumor characteristics and imaging findings to individualize treatment and better predict treatment outcomes.
The long-term effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on the optical coherence tomography angiographic appearance of neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Levine Emily S. , Custo Greig Eugenia , Mendonça Luísa S. M. , Gulati Shilpa , Despotovic Ivana N. , Alibhai A. Yasin , Moult Eric , Muakkassa Nora , Quaranta-El Maftouhi Maddalena , El Maftouhi Adil , Chakravarthy Usha , Fujimoto James G. , Baumal Caroline R. , Witkin Andre J. , Duker Jay S. , Hartnett M. Elizabeth , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The short-term effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment on macular neovascularization (MNV) morphology is well described, but long-term studies on morphologic changes and correlation of such changes to the type of MNV have not been conducted. This study aims to determine if different types of MNVs in neovascular AMD (nAMD) behave differently with anti-VEGF treatment as visualized on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods
Treatment-naïve nAMD patients were retrospectively screened for baseline and follow-up OCTA imaging 10 or more months after initial treatment. Images were graded for MNV type, area, activity, mature versus immature vessels, vessel density, presence of atrophy, atrophy location and area. Growth rate was calculated as the percent change in lesion area from baseline over the years of follow-up. In addition, the occurrence of complete regression and the percent of lesions that grew, remained stable, and shrunk per type was also evaluated.

Results
Forty-three eyes from 43 patients with a mean follow-up of 2 years were evaluated. On structural OCT, 26 lesions were classified as pure type 1 MNVs, 12 MNVs had a type 2 component, and 5 MNVs had a type 3 component. Of these cases, 2 mixed-type MNVs were considered to have completely regressed. There was no significant differences in MNV area and growth rate between type 1 and type 2 lesions, but all cases of type 3 lesions shrunk in the follow-up period. There was no correlation between the number of injections per year and growth rate, endpoint MNV area or endpoint activity status for any MNV type. There was no significant association between the development of atrophy and the number of injections, baseline MNV area, baseline vessel density, or lesion growth rate.

Conclusions
In nAMD, complete regression of an MNV network exposed to anti-VEGF is rare. This work emphasizes the role of anti-VEGF as anti-leakage rather than vascular regression agents in nAMD.
Factors determining the knowledge and prevention practice of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Asemahagn Mulusew Andualem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Healthcare workers (HWs) are at the highest risk of getting CIVID-19. This study aimed to assess factors determining the knowledge and prevention of HWs towards COVID-19 in the Amhara Region, Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 442 HWs using email and telegram addresses. The knowledge and practice of HWs were estimated using 16 knowledge and 11 practice questions. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used on SPSS version 25 to identify factors related to the knowledge and prevention practice of HWs on COVID-19. Significance was determined at a p value of < 0.05 and association was described by using odds ratio at 95% CI.

Results
Of 442 HWs, 398 (90% response rate) responded to the online interview questionnaire. From 398 HWs, 231(58%), 225(56%), 207(53%), and 191(48%) were males, from rural area, aged ≥ 34 years and nurses, respectively. About 279(70%) HWs had good knowledge of COVID-19 followed by 247(62%) good prevention practices. Age < 34 years (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.25–3.62), rural residence (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.26–0.70), access to infection prevention (IP) training (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.36–4.21), presence of IP guideline (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.64–4.62), and using social media (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.42–4.53) were factors of knowledge about COVID-19. Whereas, rural residence (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.31–0.75), facility type (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.28–0.89), access to IP training (AOR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.35–4.16), presence of IP guidelines (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.21–3.45), knowledge about COVID-19 (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.15–5.27), having chronic illnesses (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.15–3.75), lack of protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.32–0.74), and high workload (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.36–0.87) were factors of COVID-19 prevention.

Conclusion
In this study, most of the HWs had good knowledge but had lower prevention practice of COVID-19. Socio-demographic and access to information sources were factors of knowledge on COVID-19. Similarly, residence, shortage of PPE, high workload, comorbidities, knowledge, and access to IP training and guideline were factors limiting prevention practices. Thus, a consistent supply of PPE and improving health workers’ knowledge, making IP guidelines and information sources available, and managing chronic illnesses are crucial to prevent COVID-19 among HWs.
Association of miR-196a2 and miR-149 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke susceptibility
Authors: Mahmoud Dina , El-Sisi Ola , Sheta Marwa , Ahmed Sandra , Fathy Mona , Gomaa Kareeman , Ramzy Tarek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeside common risk factors for stroke such as diabetes and hypertension, single-nucleotide variants occurring within micro RNA genes have been identified as susceptibility loci for ischemic stroke risk.ObjectivesInvestigate the possible association of two variants in pre miRNA sequences, rs11614913 within miR-196a2 C > T and rs2292832 within miR-149 T > C, with ischemic stroke.Subjects and methodsOne hundred ischemic stroke patients and 100 age and sex-matched controls having > 1 risk factor for atherosclerosis were enrolled in a case-control study. Degree of atherosclerosis was assessed using ultrasonography. Micro RNA variants were assessed by real-time PCR TaqMan probe assay.ResultsThe TT genotype and T allele frequencies of miR-196a2 C > T were protective against ischemic stroke (OR 0.168,P0.001; OR 0.482,P< 0.001 respectively). While among miR-149 T > C variants, CC genotype was associated with increased risk by threefold (OR 3.061,P0.005) and C allele was associated with about 1.9 fold risk of stroke (OR 1.909,P0.002). Haplotypes analysis revealed miR-196a2T/-149 T allele combination was significantly lower among stroke patients than the controls (P< 0.001) with a protective effect (OR 0.196, 95% CI 0.083-0.466).ConclusionA decrease in the incidence of ischemic stroke is associated with miR-196a2 TT genotype and T allele and increases in the likelihood risk of ischemic stroke are associated with CC genotype and C allele within miR-149, and the two miRNAs under study are closely associated with vascular damage responses.
Evaluating net community benefits of integrating nature within cities
Authors: Daniels Peter , El Baghdadi Omniya , Desha C. , Matthews T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of support for methods and data systems for the writing and impementation of regulatory and policy improvements requiring the evaluation of the net community benefits of integrating nature into cities. Addressing this need, this paper presents essential context and a framework to guide consistent and systematic assessment of the social benefits and costs of biophilic urbanism and other bases for urban greening. We begin with a review of the major characteristics of, and differences between, key urban greening-related terms given the importance of establishing a consistent analytic basis for wellbeing assessment in urban planning strategies. These terms include ‘green cities’, ‘open space’, ‘urban green space’, ‘urban green infrastructure’, ‘biophilia’ and the practice of ‘biophilic urbanism’.ResultsWe propose the use of ‘biophilic urbanism’ as a rubric urban planning term to cover all of the urban environmental interventions involving the intentional provision or protection of biophysical features. Focusing on specific and strategic targets and implementation actions, we then explore the consolidation and methodical assessment of social benefits and costs associated with the benefits of biophilic urbanism, based on total economic value (TEV) conceptual framework and its ability to support net environmental benefit valuation.ConclusionsWe conclude with an emphasis upon the importance of ensuring structure and methodological rigour in budgets and performance evaluation requirements. This paper has immediate implications for policy makers and regulatory authorities, providing the basis for consistent and transparent evaluation of biophilic urbanism initiatives. It also has implications for urban planners and built environment professionals, highlighting key considerations for design briefs to ensure the adequate integration of nature into urban new-build, refurbishments and revitalisation efforts.
Vojta therapy improves postural control in very early stroke rehabilitation: a randomised controlled pilot trial
Authors: Epple Corina , Maurer-Burkhard Barbara , Lichti Mari-Carmen , Steiner Thorsten 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
It is still unclear, which physiotherapeutic approaches are most effective in stroke recovery. Vojta therapy is a type of physiotherapy that was originally developed for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Vojta therapy has been reported to improve automatic control of body posture. Because acute stroke patients are characterised by a disturbance in the ability to adapt to changes in body position, requiring automatic postural adjustment, we decided to investigate Vojta therapy in the early rehabilitation of stroke patients. Aim of the trial was to test the hypothesis that Vojta therapy - as a new physiotherapeutic approach in early stroke recovery - improves postural control and motor function in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) or intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).

Methods
This prospective, randomised controlled trial included patients with imaging-confirmed AIS or ICH, severe hemiparesis and randomly assigned them to Vojta therapy or standard physiotherapy within 72 h after stroke onset. Main exclusion criterion was restricted ability to communicate. Primary endpoint was the improvement of postural control measured by the Trunk Control Test (TCT) on day 9 after admission. Secondary endpoint among others was improvement of arm function (measured with Motor Evaluation Scale for Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients [MESUPES]).

Results
Forty patients (20 per group) were randomised into the trial. Median age was 75 (66–80) years, 50% were women. The median improvement in TCT within 9 days was 25.5 points (=25.5%) (interquartile range [IQR] 12.5–42.5) in the Vojta group and 0 (IQR 0–13) in the control group (p = 0.001). Patients treated with Vojta therapy achieved a greater improvement in the MESUPES than patients in the control group (20% vs 10%, p = 0.006).

Conclusion
This first randomised controlled trial of Vojta therapy in acute stroke patients demonstrates improvement of postural control through Vojta therapy compared to standard physiotherapy. Although this trial has some methodical weaknesses, Vojta therapy might be a promising approach in early stroke rehabilitation and should be studied in larger trials.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03035968. Registered 30 January 2017 – Retrospectively registered; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Identity of cheese: a research on the cheeses of the Aegean Region in Turkey
Authors: Keskin Emrah , Dağ Tuğba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCheese, which has a deep-rooted history, is a food product that reflects the cultural memory and history of communities, besides being a method of preserving milk. Cheese varieties differ according to the cultural structure of the countries, climatic conditions, animal diversity, and production techniques. Different types of cheese are produced in different ways in different geographical regions of Turkey. The Aegean Region, one of the geographical regions in Turkey, stands out with its unique cheese varieties. The current study aims to identify cheeses produced in the Aegean Region and to discuss them in the context of gastronomy tourism and cultural heritage. For this purpose, a document analysis was carried out in order to provide information about the identification and production methods of cheeses specific to the Aegean Region. As a result of the review of the documents, cheeses peculiar to the region were put forward.
A new borne with very complex aortic anatomy: diagnosis and treatment challenge—case report
Authors: Mansour Amr 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is a congenital malformation of the aortic arch which involves 3 out of 1 million live births. This congenital anomaly rarely occurs as an isolated lesion and is often associated with other intracardiac malformations, most commonly ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The diagnosis and surgical treatment of aortic interruption is usually challenging and may require multiple operations throughout the patient’s life.

Case presentation
This case represents a neonate with interrupted aortic arch (type B) and a very long segment of descending aorta hypoplasia and complex anatomy. The patient escaped early diagnosis at birth and presented few days later by a picture that mimicked severe sepsis and shock.
His aortic anatomy was very complex and he was treated with long extra-anatomical aortic interposition graft.

Conclusion
Aortic interruption is a rare congenital anomaly and is considered an extreme form of aortic coarctation.
It sometimes escapes early diagnosis due to the presence of patent ductus arteriosus and present later with shock and lactic acidosis. Sometimes the aortic anatomy is very complex and requires unusual surgical techniques for its repair.