bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Dimensions in Rongalite Chemistry: The Land of Opportunities in Organic Synthesis and Material Sciences
Authors: Ali Rashid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRongalite, first time reported in the chemical structure in 1905, also known as bruggolite or sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, having good solubility and stability in organic media, is not only a cheap and commercially available (in kg amount) reagent with a range of industrial applications for instance emulsion polymerization, an excellent decolouring agent, antioxidant in pharmaceutical development, and an antidote for heavy metals, but also used as an effective regents in a plethora of organic reactions particularly in redox reactions as a powerful reducing agent. More interestingly, in recent years, it has also shown its impact in material sciences for the preparation of CdTe, CoTe2, and Ag2Se thin films, nanowire networks, hollow nanospheres, copper nanoparticles (Cu‐Nps), CdTe‐quantum dots and so forth. Keeping in mind the importance of this vital reagent in both organic chemistry as well as in material sciences, herein I intended to report the recent developments along with a brief overview of old literature wherever necessary to showcase the utility of this valuable reagent. This particular review article not only covers the applications of this environmentaly benign reagent in organic synthesis but also its usefulness in material sciences in particular nanosciences has been exposed for the first time.
Ruthenium‐Based Structural Mimics of the Cofactor of [Fe]‐Hydrogenase: Replacement of the Acyl Moiety with an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Barik Chandan Kr , Chan Xian Qi , Huynh Han Vinh , Li Yongxin , Ganguly Rakesh , Leong Weng Kee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA synthetic route is reported towards ruthenium‐based structural mimics of the [Fe]‐hydrogenase metal cofactor in which the acyl moiety is replaced by an N‐heterocyclic carbene. It is observed that the pyridyl‐NHC ligand has a rather different trans influence from that of a simple NHC in their ruthenium derivatives. The basis for this difference is explored crystallographically and computationally, and it accounts for their different behaviour towards thiolation.
Discovering Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Tubulin Agents: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Han Hongwei , Xu Xinhong , Ma Yingying , Luo Yuelin , Wang Zizhen , Yang Minkai , Wen Zhongling , Zhang Yahan , Yin Tongming , Zhao Quan , Lin Hongyan , Lu Guihua , Yang Rongwu , Wang Xiaoming , Qi Jinliang , Yang Yonghua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPodophyllotoxin is a potent cytotoxic agent and serves as a useful lead compound for development of anticancer agents. Tubulin is known as an attractive target for drug discovery and cancer therapies. There are few studies on the treatment of breast cancer with podophyllotoxin and its derivatives targeting tubulin. Here, a series of novel aryl 1,3,4‐oxadiazole/1,3,4‐thiadiazole acid podophyllotoxin ester derivatives (D1–D16) were synthesized. Among these compounds, D9 exhibited excellent antiproliferation activity against MCF‐7 cells (IC50=2.46±0.12 μM). Furthermore, D9 caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. Confocal microscopy showed that D9 inhibited microtubule polymerization by causing cancer cell growth inhibition. Molecular docking results suggested D9 could bind to the active binding site of tubulin. In a mouse model, compound D9 suppressed malignant growth without causing significant toxicity to normal tissues. Our findings support the utility of D9 as a novel compound for the development of anticancer agent.
Rational Design of a Replication‐Competent and Inheritable Magnetic Viruses for Targeting Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Yan‐Peng , Zhou Hang‐Yu , Wang Guang‐Chuan , Zhang Ying , Yang Tianxu , Zhao Yueqi , Li Rui‐Ting , Zhang Rong‐Rong , Guo Yan , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Xiao‐Feng , Qin Cheng‐Feng , Tang Ruikang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInfection with live‐attenuated vaccines always inevitably induces side effects that reduce their safety. This study suggests a concept of magnetic virus produced by genetically modifying viral surfaces with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) to control their tropisms. An iron‐affinity peptide is designed to be displayed on the viral surface protein (VP1) of human enterovirus type 71 (EV71), a typical nonenveloped picornavirus, as the model. The modified EV71 can self‐bind with Fe3O4 NPs under physiological conditions, resulting in novel EV71‐Fe3O4 hybrid materials. This rationally engineered EV71 with Fe3O4 retains its original biological infectivity, but its tropism can be precisely controlled by magnetism. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that EV71‐Fe3O4 can infect only a desired area within the limit of the applied magnetic field, which effectively reduces its pathological damage. More importantly, this characteristic of EV71 can be inherited due to the gene‐induced coassembly of viruses and NPs. This achievement provides a proof of concept in virus vaccine improvement by a combination of gene modification and material incorporation, leading to great potential for biomedical developments.
A Spheroid‐Forming Hybrid Gold Nanostructure Platform That Electrochemically Detects Anticancer Effects of Curcumin in a Multicellular Brain Cancer Model
Authors: Suhito Intan Rosalina , Angeline Novi , Lee Kwang‐Ho , Kim Huijung , Park Chun Gwon , Luo Zhengtang , Kim Tae‐Hyung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a multifunctional platform that enables the highly efficient formation of 3D multicellular cancer spheroids and precise real‐time assessments of the anticancer effects of curcumin in a brain tumor coculture model is reported. A highly conductive gold nanostructure (HCGN) is fabricated to facilitate cancer spheroid formation without using anti‐cell adhesion molecules. A neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y) and glioblastoma (U‐87MG) coculture model is generated on HCGN with a specific cell‐to‐cell ratio (SH‐SY5Y: U‐87MG = 1:1), and their redox behaviors are successfully measured without destroying the distinct 3D structure of the multicellular spheroids. Using electrochemical signals as an indicator of spheroid viability, the effects of potential anticancer compounds on cocultured spheroids are further assessed. Remarkably, decreased cell viability in 3D spheroids caused by a low concentration of curcumin (30 µM) is detectable using the electrochemical method (29.4%) but not with a conventional colorimetric assay (CCK‐8). The detection is repeated more than ten times for both short‐ (63 h) and long‐term cultivation (144 h) without damaging the spheroids, enabling real‐time, non‐destructive pharmacokinetic analysis of various drug candidates. Therefore, it can be concluded that the hybrid platform is a highly promising, precise, and high‐throughput drug screening tool based on 3D cell cultivation.
A Hybrid Organo‐Nanotheranostic Platform of Superlative Biocompatibility for Near‐Infrared‐Triggered Fluorescence Imaging and Synergistically Enhanced Ablation of Tumors
Authors: Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Liu Chuang , Iqbal M. Zubair , Dar Gohar Ijaz , Yang Gao , Qian Kun , Nosike Elvis Ikechukwu , Xing Jie , Zhang Zhoujing , Li Yanying , Li Juan , Wu Aiguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe quest for an all‐organic nanosystem with negligible cytotoxicity and remarkable in vivo tumor theranostic capability is inescapably unending. Hitherto, the landscape of available photothermal agents is dominated by metal‐based nanoparticles (NPs) with attendant in vivo negatives. Here, an all‐organic‐composed theranostic nanosystem with outstanding biocompatibility for fluorescence image‐guided tumor photothermal therapy, and as a potential alternative to metal‐based photothermal agents is developed. This is rationally achieved by compartmentalizing indocyanine green (ICG) in glycol chitosan (GC)‐polypyrrole (PP) nanocarrier to form hybrid ICG@GC‐PP NPs (≈65 nm). The compartmentalization strategy, alongside the high photothermal conversion ability of PP jointly enhances the low photostability of free ICG. Advantageously, ICG@GC‐PP is endowed with an impeccable in vivo performance by the well‐known biocompatibility track records of its individual tri organo‐components (GC, PP, and ICG). As a proof of concept, ICG@GC‐PP NPs enables a sufficiently prolonged tumor diagnosis by fluorescence imaging up to 20 h post‐injection. Furthermore, owing to the complementary heating performances of PP and ICG, ICG@GC‐PP NPs‐treated mice by one‐time near‐infrared irradiation exhibit total tumor regression within 14 days post‐treatment. Therefore, leveraging the underlying benefits of this study will help to guide the development of new all‐organic biocompatible systems in synergism, for safer tumor theranostics.
Anpassung der 2D‐Referenz‐Rissmodelle im Anhang 8 der RiL 805:2012
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Engl Matthias , Rengstl Mathias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDas Vorgehen zur Erstellung von 2D‐Referenz‐Rissmodellen entsprechend der Richtlinie 805:2012 Anhang 8 wird schrittweise dargestellt. Dieser Anhang der RiL 805 dient der Festlegung von sicheren Betriebszeitintervallen von bestehenden genieteten Eisenbahnbrücken und wird derzeit überarbeitet. Neben den bruchmechanischen Hintergründen bei genieteten Eisenbahnbrücken wird auch die Anwendung der FEM für 3D‐/2D‐Parameterstudien bei Rissen erläutert. Das Vorgehen zur Definition von Modellbreiten wird aufgezeigt und exemplarisch an einem genieteten Winkel demonstriert.
An innovative strategy to regulate bimodal cellular structure in chain extended poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) foams
Authors: Cui Yalin , Zhou Haoyan , Yin Dexian , Zhou Hongfu , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA facile and effective approach for manufacturing poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) foams with obvious bimodal cellular structure (BCS) was proposed utilizing chain extension and batch supercritical CO2 foaming technology. Ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (EGMA) as crystalline chain extender was selected to modify PBAT. The results of torque tests, differential scanning calorimetry, and rheological performances demonstrated that the melt strength, viscoelasticity, and crystallization properties of PBAT were improved after introducing EGMA. The influences of EGMA content and foaming temperature on the cellular structure of PBAT foams were investigated systematically. By decreasing the foaming temperature, the size of both large and small cells in the bimodal chain extended PBAT‐3 (CPBAT‐3) foams decreased, as well as their BCS became distinct gradually. The BCS in diverse CPBAT foams was successfully controlled via varying EGMA content and foaming temperature. Finally, the formation mechanism of BCS in diverse PBAT foams was presented.
Comparative removal efficiencies of natural organic matter by conventional drinking water treatment plants in Zimbabwe and South Africa
Authors: Chaukura Nhamo , Moyo Welldone , Ingwani Thomas , Ndiweni Sikelelwa N. , Gwenzi Willis , Nkambule Thabo I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural organic matter (NOM) influences the quality and treatability of drinking water; therefore, its removal is paramount. A few studies exist on NOM removal in developing countries, and comparative studies are even fewer globally. This study compared the removal efficiencies for bulk NOM and biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) fractions of drinking water treatment plants in Zimbabwe (Z) and South Africa (S). NOM removal efficiency at the coagulation stage of plant Z and plant S was 11% and 13%, respectively. The fluorescence index (FI) for the raw water feeding plant Z (1.66) indicated a mixture of both microbial and terrestrially derived NOM, whereas for plant S the FI (4.08) showed terrestrially derived NOM. Based on the log‐transformed absorbance at the disinfection stage, plant S had a 58% greater opportunity to produce disinfection by‐products than plant Z. The BDOC results for plant Z showed humic fractions were the major substrates for bacterial assimilation, whereas the heterotrophic bacteria in plant S were not particularly selective toward DOC fractions. Overall, the plants had comparable NOM removal performances.Practitioner points

NOM removal efficiency at the coagulation stage of plant Z and plant S was 11% and 13%, respectively.

Plant Z had a mixture of both microbial and terrestrially derived NOM, whereas plant S had terrestrially derived NOM.

Plant S had a 58% greater opportunity to produce disinfection by‐products than plant Z.

Humic fractions were the major substrates for bacterial assimilation for plant Z, whereas the heterotrophic bacteria in plant S were not selective towards DOC fractions.
Conformally soft theorem in gravity
Authors: Puhm Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A central feature of scattering amplitudes in gravity or gauge theory is the existence of a variety of energetically soft theorems which put constraints on the amplitudes. Celestial amplitudes which are obtained from momentum-space amplitudes by a Mellin transform over the external particle energies cannot obey the usual energetically soft theorems. Instead, the symmetries of the celestial sphere imply that the scattering of conformally soft particles whose conformal weights under the 4D Lorentz group SL(2, ℂ) are taken to zero obey special relations. Such conformally soft theorems have recently been found for gauge theory. Here, I show conformally soft factorization of celestial amplitudes for gravity and identify it as the celestial analogue of Weinberg’s soft graviton theorem.
New limits on coloured three jet resonances
Authors: Easa Hassan , Gregoire Thomas , Stolarski Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider experimental limits on colour triplet fermions that decay dominantly to three jets via a scalar mediator that can be on- or off-shell. These fermions arise in top-partner models that can solve the hierarchy problem, and limits on this scenario are weaker than those on traditional top-partner models because of the messy all-hadronic final state with significant backgrounds. We do find, however, that while there are no dedicated searches for this scenario, especially in case of an on-shell mediator, the suite of LHC all- hadronic searches still constrains a significant portion of the parameter space. In particular, we find that searches for pair production of di-jet and tri-jet resonances are complementary, covering different regions of parameter space. We also find that if the final state is rich in b- jets, current limits do not change significantly relative to the scenario with all light jets, and we describe how modifications of current search strategies can improve limits in that case.
Generalized Multipliers for Left-Invertible Operators and Applications
Authors: Pietrzycki Paweł 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGeneralized multipliers for a left-invertible operator T, whose formal Laurent series $$U_x(z)=\sum _{n=1}^\infty (P_ET^{n}x)\frac{1}{z^n}+\sum _{n=0}^\infty (P_E{T^{\prime *n}}x)z^n$$

U
x

(
z
)

=

∑

n
=
1

∞

(

P
E

T
n

x
)

1

z
n

+

∑

n
=
0

∞

(

P
E

T

′

∗
n

x
)

z
n

, $$x\in \mathcal {H}$$

x
∈
H

actually represent analytic functions on an annulus or a disc are investigated. We show that they are coefficients of analytic functions and characterize the commutant of some left-invertible operators, which satisfies certain conditions in its terms. In addition, we prove that the set of multiplication operators associated with a weighted shift on a rootless directed tree lies in the closure of polynomials in z and $$\frac{1}{z}$$

1
z

of the weighted shift in the topologies of strong and weak operator convergence.
Vector Valued Polynomials, Exponential Polynomials and Vector Valued Harmonic Analysis
Authors: Laczkovich M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLet G be a topological Abelian semigroup with unit, and let E be a Banach space. We define, for functions mapping G into E, the classes of polynomials, generalized polynomials, local polynomials, exponential polynomials, and some other relevant classes. We establish their connections with each other and find their representations in terms of the corresponding complex valued classes. We also investigate spectral synthesis and analysis in the class C(G, E) of continuous functions $$f:G \rightarrow E$$

f
:
G
→
E

. It is known that if G is a compact Abelian group and E is a Banach space, then spectral synthesis holds in C(G, E). We give a self-contained proof of this fact, independent of the theory of almost periodic functions. On the other hand, we show that if G is an infinite and discrete Abelian group and E is a Banach space of infinite dimension, then even spectral analysis fails in C(G, E). We also prove that if G is discrete, has finite torsion free rank and if E is a Banach space of finite dimension, then spectral synthesis holds in C(G, E).
Vacuum laser powder bed fusion—track consolidation, powder denudation, and future potential
Authors: Kaserer L. , Bergmueller S. , Braun J. , Leichtfried G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDefects in parts processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) are often triggered by laser/plasma plume interference and spattering. The implementation of a LPBF process in vacuum has been suggested to possibly reduce these effects. Within this study, the effects of process pressure variations between 1 mbar and atmospheric pressure on the generation of single tracks and on the surrounding layer of loose powder particles were studied for CP titanium grade 2 and the Maraging steel 1.2709. Below 10 mbar no single tracks could be generated and the powder layer adjacent to the track was effectively denuded. It was found that the essential mechanism for incorporating powder into the melt pool begins to work at process pressures above 10 mbar and its effectiveness increases with increasing pressure. The amount of powder incorporated into the melt pool depends on the material and the scanning conditions. With identical scanning conditions, this amount of powder is significantly larger for titanium than for steel. For process pressures above 200 mbar, no significant change in the amount of spattering could be found. In this pressure range improved process stability could be possible due to a reduced laser/plasma interaction and an increased laser penetration depth.
Reliability of an adapted core strength endurance test battery in individuals with axial spondylarthritis
Authors: Rausch Anne-Kathrin , Baltisberger Philipp , Meichtry André , Topalidis Beatrice , Ciurea Adrian , Vliet Vlieland Theodora P. M. , Niedermann Karin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To adapt the core strength endurance test battery (aCSE), previously used for testing athletes, to a target group of patients with axial spondylarthritis (axSpA), to evaluate its intra-tester reliability and its associations with disease-specific factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at axSpA exercise therapy groups, including both axSpA patients and the physiotherapist group leaders (PTs). The aCSE was used to measure the isometric strength endurance of the ventral, lateral, and dorsal core muscle chains (measured in seconds), as well as to assess the disease-specific factors of functional status, self-reported pain, and perceived strength performance. The aCSE was repeated after 7–14 days to measure intra-tester reliability for the same rater (PT group leader). Reliability was calculated as an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) using a nested design. The associations between ventral, lateral, and dorsal strength endurance and the disease-specific factors were calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients.

Results
Study participants were 13 PT group leaders and 62 axSpA patients. The latter were all capable of performing the aCSE, with the exception of one individual. A moderate to substantial intra-rater reliability (ICCs (95%CI)) was found for the ventral (0.54 (0.35, 0.74)), lateral (0.52 (0.33, 0.70)), and dorsal (0.71 (0.58, 0.86)) core muscle chains. None of the aCSE measures correlated with the disease-specific factors.

Conclusion
The aCSE was found to be a reliable test battery for assessing core strength endurance in axSpA patients. Interestingly, aCSE performance was not associated with any disease-specific factors.

Key Points • The adapted core strength endurance test battery measures the isometric strength of the ventral, lateral and dorsal core muscle chains. • The adapted core strength endurance test battery showed a moderate to substantial intra-rater reliability for all three muscle chains tested in axSpA patients. • No correlations were found between the adapted core strength endurance test battery and the disease-specific factors of self-reported pain, functional status and perceived strength performance.
A non-linear static approach for the prediction of earthquake-induced deformation of geotechnical systems
Authors: Laguardia R. , Gallese D. , Gigliotti R. , Callisto L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper illustrates an original and simple method to predict earthquake-induced deformations of geotechnical systems. The method is an extension of static non-linear analysis, and is conceived to predict the behaviour of geotechnical systems, like supported and unsupported excavations, that during the seismic motion accumulate displacements in a single direction. The seismic capacity of the system is described by its capacity curve, obtained either from a numerical push-over analysis or through a simplified procedure. The corresponding seismic demand is described by a combination of the elastic response spectrum, including basic information on the maximum amplitudes of the seismic motion, and a cyclic demand spectrum, that provides additional information about the equivalent number of cycles that contribute to the accumulation of displacements. In the paper, the method is described in detail and is validated through different procedures, namely: comparisons with experimental results obtained in the geotechnical centrifuge; comparison with results of advanced numerical analyses; extensive comparison, using a large database of seismic records, with the results of non-linear time-domain analyses. In its final part, the paper provides guidance for the practical use of the method for design.