bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution and development of eye size in flies
Authors: Casares Fernando , McGregor Alistair P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe compound eyes of flies exhibit striking variation in size, which has contributed to the adaptation of these animals to different habitats and their evolution of specialist behaviors. These differences in size are caused by differences in the number and/or size of ommatidia, which are specified during the development of the retinal field in the eye imaginal disc. While the genes and developmental mechanisms that regulate the formation of compound eyes are understood in great detail in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster, we know very little about the genetic changes and mechanistic alterations that lead to natural variation in ommatidia number and/or size, and thus overall eye size, within and between fly species. Understanding the genetic and developmental bases for this natural variation in eye size not only has great potential to help us understand adaptations in fly vision but also determine how eye size and organ size more generally are regulated. Here we explore the genetic and developmental mechanisms that could underlie natural differences in compound eye size within and among fly species based on our knowledge of eye development inD. melanogasterand the few cases where the causative genes and mechanisms have already been identified. We suggest that the fly eye provides an evolutionary and developmental framework to better understand the regulation and diversification of this crucial sensory organ globally at a systems level as well as the gene regulatory networks and mechanisms acting at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels.This article is categorized under:Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and TimingInvertebrate Organogenesis > FliesComparative Development and Evolution > Regulation of Organ Diversity
Least-Squares Spectral and Coherency Analysis of the Zenith Total Delay Time Series at SuomiNet Station SA56 (UNB2)
Authors: Mayaki Anthony O. , Santos Marcelo , Nikolaidou Thalia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractZenith Total Delay (ZTD) from ground-based Global Navigational Satellite Systems (GNSS) observations plays an important role in meteorology. It contains information about the troposphere due to the interactions that GNSS signals have with the atmosphere while traveling from satellites to ground receivers. Since almost all weather is formed in the troposphere, the analysis of a collection of ZTD time series would provide insight about the periodic characteristics of the weather of a place. It would also provide insight about the influences that meteorological parameters such as pressure, temperature and relative humidity have on the weather’s periodic nature. In this study, the least-squares spectral analysis approach is employed to determine the periodic oscillations in a 7-year time series of ZTD obtained from collocated GNSS and meteorological stations at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. Least-Squares Coherency Analysis of the time series spectra of the ZTD and its component hydrostatic and wet delays, and pressure, temperature and relative humidity is also performed. This is done to evaluate the level of contributions those parameters have in the periodicities inherent in the ZTD time series. Except for the zenith hydrostatic delay and pressure which show no annual periodic oscillation, the spectra of all the other time series show strong annual and semi-annual oscillations. Being the most dominant oscillation in the ZTD time series, the annual oscillation is largely driven by temperature, and this is maybe due to the high temperature variation characteristic of the climatic zone Fredericton falls under.
Foundations of Reversible Computation
Authors: Aman Bogdan , Ciobanu Gabriel , Glück Robert , Kaarsgaard Robin , Kari Jarkko , Kutrib Martin , Lanese Ivan , Mezzina Claudio Antares , Mikulski Łukasz , Nagarajan Rajagopal , Phillips Iain , Pinna G. Michele , Prigioniero Luca , Ulidowski Irek , Vidal Germán 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReversible computation allows computation to proceed not only in the standard, forward direction, but also backward, recovering past states. While reversible computation has attracted interest for its multiple applications, covering areas as different as low-power computing, simulation, robotics and debugging, such applications need to be supported by a clear understanding of the foundations of reversible computation. We report below on many threads of research in the area of foundations of reversible computing, giving particular emphasis to the results obtained in the framework of the European COST Action IC1405, entitled “Reversible Computation - Extending Horizons of Computing”, which took place in the years 2015–2019.
Reversible Computation in Wireless Communications
Authors: Siljak Harun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents pioneering work in applying reversible computation paradigms to wireless communications. These applications range from developing reversible hardware architectures for underwater acoustic communications to novel distributed optimisation procedures in large radio-frequency antenna arrays based on reversing Petri nets. Throughout the chapter, we discuss the rationale for introducing reversible computation in the domain of wireless communications, exploring the inherently reversible properties of communication channels and systems formed by devices in a wireless network.
Error Reconciliation in Quantum Key Distribution Protocols
Authors: Mehic Miralem , Niemiec Marcin , Siljak Harun , Voznak Miroslav 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols allow the establishment of symmetric cryptographic keys up to a limited distance at limited rates. Due to optical misalignment, noise in quantum detectors, disturbance of the quantum channel or eavesdropping, an error key reconciliation technique is required to eliminate errors. This chapter analyses different key reconciliation techniques with a focus on communication and computing performance. We also briefly describe a new approach to key reconciliation techniques based on artificial neural networks.
Software and Reversible Systems: A Survey of Recent Activities
Authors: Mezzina Claudio Antares , Schlatte Rudolf , Glück Robert , Haulund Tue , Hoey James , Holm Cservenka Martin , Lanese Ivan , Mogensen Torben Æ. , Siljak Harun , Schultz Ulrik P. , Ulidowski Irek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Software plays a central role in all aspects of reversible computing. We survey the breadth of topics and recent activities on reversible software and systems including behavioural types, recovery, debugging, concurrency, and object-oriented programming. These have the potential to provide linguistic abstractions and tools that will lead to safer and more reliable reversible computing applications.
Research on Reversible Functions Having Component Functions with Specified Properties: An Overview
Authors: Kerntopf Paweł , Moraga Claudio , Podlaski Krzysztof , Stanković Radomir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the traditional logic synthesis, different classifications of non-reversible Boolean functions have found many applications. Recently, some attempts to deal with classifications of reversible functions have been published. In this paper, an overview of our results towards constructing a new classification of reversible functions is presented. These results were obtained due to our discussions during two Short Term Scientific Missions (STSMs) as well as during our further research in the framework of COST Action IC1405 “Reversible Computation - Extending Horizons of Computing” and were published in five papers.
A Case Study for Reversible Computing: Reversible Debugging of Concurrent Programs
Authors: Hoey James , Lanese Ivan , Nishida Naoki , Ulidowski Irek , Vidal Germán 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReversible computing allows one to run programs not only in the usual forward direction, but also backward. A main application area for reversible computing is debugging, where one can use reversibility to go backward from a visible misbehaviour towards the bug causing it. While reversible debugging of sequential systems is well understood, reversible debugging of concurrent and distributed systems is less settled. We present here two approaches for debugging concurrent programs, one based on backtracking, which undoes actions in reverse order of execution, and one based on causal consistency, which allows one to undo any action provided that its consequences, if any, are undone beforehand. The first approach tackles an imperative language with shared memory, while the second one considers a core of the functional message-passing language Erlang. Both the approaches are based on solid formal foundations.
Towards Choreographic-Based Monitoring
Authors: Francalanza Adrian , Mezzina Claudio Antares , Tuosto Emilio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDistributed programs are hard to get right because they are required to be open, scalable, long-running, and dependable. In particular, the recent approaches to distributed software based on (micro-) services, where different services are developed independently by disparate teams, exacerbate the problem. Services are meant to be composed together and run in open contexts where unpredictable behaviours can emerge. This makes it necessary to adopt suitable strategies for monitoring the execution and incorporate recovery and adaptation mechanisms so to make distributed programs more flexible and robust. The typical approach that is currently adopted is to embed such mechanisms within the program logic. This makes it hard to extract, compare and debug. We propose an approach that employs formal abstractions for specifying failure recovery and adaptation strategies. Although implementation agnostic, these abstractions would be amenable to algorithmic synthesis of code, monitoring, and tests. We consider message-passing programs (a la Erlang, Go, or MPI) that are gaining momentum both in academia and in industry. We first propose a model which abstracts away from three aspects: the definition of formal behavioural models encompassing failures; the specification of the relevant properties of adaptation and recovery strategy; and the automatic generation of monitoring, recovery, and adaptation logic in target languages of interest. To show the efficacy of our model, we give an instance of it by introducing reversible choreographies to express the normal forward behaviour of the system and the condition under which adaptation has to take place. Then we show how it is possible to derive Erlang code directly from the global specification.
Reversibility in Chemical Reactions
Authors: Kuhn Stefan , Aman Bogdan , Ciobanu Gabriel , Philippou Anna , Psara Kyriaki , Ulidowski Irek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this chapter we give an overview of techniques for the modelling and reasoning about reversibility of systems, including out-of-causal-order reversibility, as it appears in chemical reactions. We consider the autoprotolysis of water reaction, and model it with the Calculus of Covalent Bonding, the Bonding Calculus, and Reversing Petri Nets. This exercise demonstrates that the formalisms, developed for expressing advanced forms of reversibility, are able to model autoprotolysis of water very accurately. Characteristics and expressiveness of the three formalisms are discussed and illustrated.
Childhood adversity and common mental disorders in young employees in Sweden: is the association affected by early adulthood occupational class?
Authors: Björkenstam Emma , Helgesson Magnus , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Childhood adversities are associated with an elevated risk for common mental disorders (CMDs). Whether the strength of the association also holds for young employees is unclear. Given the increase in CMD rates in young adults over the past decade, identification of risk factors has important implications for future public health interventions. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of childhood adversities on CMDs. Additionally, the role of occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) in the relationship was examined.

Methods
This population-based longitudinal cohort study included 544,003 employees, 19–29 years, residing in Sweden in 2009. Adversities included parental death, parental mental and somatic disorders, parental separation or single-parent household, household public assistance and residential instability. Estimates of risk of CMDs, measured as prescription of antidepressants and/or psychiatric care with a clinical diagnosis of CMDs, between 2010 and 2016 were calculated as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a modified Poisson regression analysis. Occupational class (non-manual/manual workers) was explored as a potential moderator.

Results
In both manual and non-manual workers, childhood adversities were associated with an elevated risk of subsequent CMDs. The risk was moderated by occupational class, i.e., especially pronounced risk was found in manual workers who had experienced cumulative adversity (adjusted RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.70–1.83) when compared to non-manual workers with no adversity. Among the adversities examined, having had a parent treated for a mental disorder, having grown up in a household living on public assistance or having experienced residential instability were the strongest predictors of CMDs.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that, among young employees, manual workers with a history of multiple childhood adversities are especially vulnerable to subsequent CMDs.
The Bisognano–Wichmann Property for Asymptotically Complete Massless QFT
Authors: Dybalski Wojciech , Morinelli Vincenzo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe prove the Bisognano–Wichmann property for asymptotically complete Haag–Kastler theories of massless particles. These particles should either be scalar or appear as a direct sum of two opposite integer helicities, thus, e.g., photons are covered. The argument relies on amodularity conditionformulated recently by one of us (VM) and on the Buchholz’ scattering theory of massless particles.
Rigorous engineering of collective adaptive systems: special section
Authors: De Nicola Rocco , Jähnichen Stefan , Wirsing Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn adaptive system is able to adapt at runtime to dynamically changing environments and to new requirements. Adaptive systems can be single adaptive entities or collective ones that consist of several collaborating entities. Rigorous engineering requires appropriate methods and tools that help guaranteeing that an adaptive system lives up to its intended purpose. This paper introduces the special section on “Rigorous Engineering of Collective Adaptive Systems.” It presents the seven contributions of the section and gives a short overview of the field of rigorously engineering collective adaptive systems by structuring it according to three topics: systematic development, methods and theories for modelling and analysis, and techniques for programming and operating collective adaptive systems.
The impact of surgical simulation on patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Meling Trym R. , Meling Torstein R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of simulation in surgical training is ever growing. Evidence suggests such training may have beneficial clinically relevant effects. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of surgical simulation training on clinically relevant patient outcomes by evaluating randomized controlled trials (RCT). PubMed was searched using PRISMA guidelines: “surgery” [All Fields] AND “simulation” [All Fields] AND “patient outcome” [All Fields]. Of 119 papers identified, 100 were excluded for various reasons. Meta-analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance random-effects method. Nineteen papers were reviewed using the CASP RCT Checklist. Sixteen studies looked at surgical training, two studies assessed patient-specific simulator practice, and one paper focused on warming-up on a simulator before performing surgery. Median study population size was 22 (range 3–73). Most articles reported outcome measures such as post-intervention Global Rating Scale (GRS) score and/or operative time. On average, the intervention group scored 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 0.71,P= 0.005) points higher on a standardized GRS scale of 1–10. On average, the intervention group was 44% (1% to 87%,P= 0.04) faster than the control group. Four papers assessed the impact of simulation training on patient outcomes, with only one finding a significant effect. We found a significant effect of simulation training on operative performance as assessed by GRS, albeit a small one, as well as a significant reduction to operative time. However, there is to date scant evidence from RCTs to suggest a significant effect of surgical simulation training on patient outcomes.
Amino Acid Profiles and Compositions of Different Cultivars of Panicum miliaceum L.
Authors: Wiedemair Verena , Scholl-Bürgi Sabine , Karall Daniela , Huck Christian W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Amino acids are valuable nutrients, responsible for a variety of tasks in the human body. A favourable amino acid profile in gluten-free crops, such as millet, can thus be beneficial for human health, which is why 35 proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) samples, comprising 23 whole and 12 dehulled, were investigated regarding their amino acid profiles and compositions using acidic hydrolysis and ion-exchange chromatography with ninhydrin derivatization and subsequent detection with photometry. Results for amino acid compositions were compared with gluten-containing wheat and other gluten-free cereals. Furthermore, gained values were put in contrast to estimated essential amino acid requirements for adult humans. The study was able to show that cultivars of proso millet differ and that dehulling does not significantly influence the amino acid compositions. Furthermore, the results display that Panicum miliaceum L. holds more essential amino acids than other gluten-free grains and exhibits high amounts of leucine and alanine. The methionine content differs greatly between samples, which means that choosing certain cultivars is important to ensure a high content. The most abundant amino acids in proso millet grains are glutamic acid/glutamine (2.13 ± 0.34 g per 100 g), alanine (1.06 ± 0.18 g per 100 g) and leucine (1.36 ± 0.24 g per 100 g).

Graphic abstract
Numerical Investigation of Local Heat-Release Rates and Thermo-Chemical States in Side-Wall Quenching of Laminar Methane and Dimethyl Ether Flames
Authors: Steinhausen M. , Luo Y. , Popp S. , Strassacker C. , Zirwes T. , Kosaka H. , Zentgraf F. , Maas U. , Sadiki A. , Dreizler A. , Hasse C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe local heat-release rate and the thermo-chemical state of laminar methane and dimethyl ether flames in a side-wall quenching configuration are analyzed. Both, detailed chemistry simulations and reduced chemistry manifolds, namely Flamelet-Generated Manifolds (FGM), Quenching Flamelet-generated Manifolds (QFM) and Reaction-Diffusion Manifolds (REDIM), are compared to experimental data of local heat-release rate imaging of the lab-scale side-wall quenching burner at Technical University of Darmstadt. To enable a direct comparison between the measurements and the numerical simulations, the measurement signals are computed in all numerical approaches. Considering experimental uncertainties, the detailed chemistry simulations show a reasonable agreement with the experimental heat-release rate. The comparison of the FGM, QFM and REDIM with the detailed simulations shows the high prediction quality of the chemistry manifolds. For the first time, the thermo-chemical state during quenching of a dimethyl ether-air flame is examined numerically. Therefore, the carbon monoxide and temperature predictions are analyzed in the vicinity of the wall. The obtained results are consistent with previous studies for methane-air flames and extend these findings to more complex oxygenated fuels. Furthermore, this work presents the first comparison of the QFM and the REDIM in a side-wall quenching burner.
Serum copper-to-zinc-ratio and risk of incident infection in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Laine Jaakko T. , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka , Salonen Jukka T. , Virtanen Jyrki K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfections are one of the main causes of mortality in elderly due to the decrease of immune response, for which copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are claimed to be crucial. High serum copper-to-zinc-ratio (Cu/Zn-ratio) has been reported with infections, but little is known whether it could also predict the incidence of infections. The study cohort consisted of 1975 men aged 42–60 years and free of severe infectious disease at baseline in 1984–1989 from the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic﻿ Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. The main outcome was an incident infection leading to hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for statistical analysis. During the average follow-up of 19.2 years, 636 incident first cases of infections were diagnosed. The hazard ratio (HR) of developing an incident infectious disease in the highest compared to the lowest Cu/Zn-ratio quartile after adjustment for age and baseline examination year was 1.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–1.69, P-trend across quartiles = 0.005]. The association was slightly attenuated after additional adjustment for potential confounders (HR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.96–1.53, P-trend = 0.054). Furthermore, higher serum Cu concentration was associated with higher risk of an incident infection. The multivariable-adjusted HR was 1.39 (95% CI = 1.10–1.75, P-trend = 0.005) in the highest versus the lowest serum Cu quartile. Serum Zn concentration was not associated with the risk (multivariable-adjusted extreme-quartile HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67–1.04, P-trend = 0.218). In conclusion, our data suggest that an increased Cu/Zn-ratio and especially serum Cu concentration are associated with increased risk of incident infections in middle-aged and older men in Eastern Finland.
Soil nitrogen supply of peat grasslands estimated by degree days and soil organic matter content
Authors: Pijlman J. , Holshof G. , van den Berg W. , Ros G. H. , Erisman J. W. , van Eekeren N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccurate estimates of the quantity and rate of soil nitrogen supply (SNS) are essential to increase soil and farm N use efficiencies, in particular for soils high in organic matter. The objective of this work was to enhance the empirical understanding of the SNS of dairy grasslands on peat soils, using soil properties and weather variables. Data were collected from studies on herbage N uptake carried out between 1992 and 2017 in the western peat district of the Netherlands. For the period between March to mid October, SNS was estimated from the sum of mean growing season daily temperatures, soil organic matter (SOM) and applied calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) N with a residual standard error of 25–27 kg ha−1. Each °C growing season temperature sum affected SNS by 78–90 g ha−1 and each g SOM per 100 g dry soil affected SNS by 3.6–3.9 kg ha−1, respectively. SNS was equally estimated for conditions with and without CAN fertilisation. Validation with data from independent field trials showed similar impacts of SOM and growing season temperature sum on SNS. The error of prediction of the presented models, however, was still too large for direct on-farm application and led to underestimations for a specific site. Nevertheless, the obtained models allow for an increased understanding of soil and farm N balances. The models can therefore be used for improved temporal and spatial SNS-adapted farming practice advice, which can potentially lead to reduced soil and farm N surpluses.