bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Mandal Manisha , Mandal Shyamapada 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There is a huge loss of lives worldwide in relation to COVID-19 pandemic, the primary epicentre of which is China, where the causative agent of the disease called SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was first emerged in December 2019. In view of this the severity, in terms of case fatality rate (CFR), is essential to explore for COVID-19. Data of ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic have been retrieved from publicly accessible website of the WHO (World Health Organization), and were processed for the estimation of global (both including and excluding China) CFRs of COVID-19. The CFRs were explored following the naive estimates, 14-day delay estimates, and linear regression model analysis, for the period between January 25, 2020 and April 25, 2020, on weekly basis. To explore the current situation, in terms of global CFR, data for the next 6 weeks (May 2, 2020 through June 6, 2020), were processed by naive and linear regression model analysis. Mean CFRs, in the naive estimates, were 4.59% (95% CI: 3.59 – 5.59) for the world including China, and 3.62% (95% CI: 2.01 – 5.23) for the world excluding China. The 14-day delay estimates of CFRs were 15.6% (95% CI: 7.18 – 24.02) globally, and 21.65% (95% CI: 11.15 – 32.15) in countries outside China. Following statistical model analysis, the global (both including and excluding China) CFRs were 6.81%, by naive estimates, and ~13%, by 14-day delay estimates. The global CFR of COVID-19 during May 2, 2020 to June 6, 2020, ranged 5.9 – 7.04% (mean: 6.58%; 95% CI: 6.11 – 7.03), by naive estimates, and by statistical regression analysis the CFR was 4.78%. The CFR as explored in the current study might help estimate the need of up-to-date hospital supplies and other mitigation measures for COVID-19 ongoing pandemic.
Mental distress and psychological disorders related to COVID-19 mandatory quarantine
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Fadel Ammar , Makki Leen , Ghareeb Ayham , Zohbi Ragheed Al 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Restrictions that were enforced from COVID-19 have affected many people’s lifestyles and ability to earn. They caused a distress that even added to the war stress that the Syrian population has encountered for the last 9 years. This study aims to assess this distress and the major concerns of the people related to COVID-19.Methods:Online questionnaires were distributed using SPTSS, K10, and MSPSS were used with other demographic, war- and COVID-19-related questions that were taken from The (CRISIS) V0.1 Adult Self-Report Baseline Form.Results:Our sample included 5588 with the mean age of 26.84 ± 7.815 years. Of those, only one was a confirmed COVID-19 case. Over 42.7% had two or more positive PTSD symptoms, 42.6% had moderate or severe mental disorder, but only 14.9% had low social support. Higher PTSD and K10 scores overall were seen in females and with most of war variables (P<0.05). Relationship with partner were negatively affected in most and distress from the declined ability to work and provide food were the most prominent.Conclusions:The indirect effect of COVID-19 is far more than that of the pathogen itself. Reduced ability to earn and to provide food was the main concerns. Relationships deteriorated mainly in participants with high K10 and PTSD scores who also felt more symptoms and used more hypnotics in the last 4 weeks. Smoking changes were not related to K10 and PTSD. Social support played a role in reducing stress, but with the relationships being affected, lower support was seen.
Bipallidal Lesions in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Ashok Sudhat , Shastri Kalyan , Guterman L. Beryl , Guterman Lee R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAltered mentation in COVID-19 patients can be a function of any number of metabolic abnormalities associated with the infection. Here we present the case of an encephalopathic COVID-19 patient with bilateral globus pallidus lesions. While imaging abnormalities involving basal ganglia have been reported in encephalitis caused by neuroinvasive flaviviruses, the bipallidal lesions noted here likely resulted from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Case PresentationA 51-year-old African American woman was found unresponsive at home by her fiancé. She had been complaining of shortness of breath and cough for three days. She is a former smoker with past medical history of hypertension, nephropathy, and bipolar disorder. Upon examination, she was alert but nonverbal, following commands inconsistently, and unable to move extremities against gravity. After several minutes, she was able to state her name but kept repeating it in response to all questions. Chest radiograph revealed bilateral lung infiltrates. CT of the head showed hypodensities in bilateral globus pallidi. A non-contrast MRI of the brain showed symmetric restricted diffusion and FLAIR hyperintense signal changes in bilateral globus pallidi. Abnormal SWI signal seen in bilateral globus pallidi likely represents mineralization or hemosiderin. There were no striatal or thalamic lesions. Major intracranial arteries were widely patent.The patient later tested positive for 2019-nCoV using real-time PCR assay, and was transferred to our COVID-19 designated hospital campus. Thereafter, she had waxing and waning mentation. Repeat CT imaging 11 days after the first scan demonstrated resolution of the bipallidal hypodensities. The patient was recently discharged to a subacute rehab facility but is still experiencing confusion.ConclusionsAs we come across neurological manifestations of COVID-19, we believe neuroimaging is likely to play an important role in establishing if central nervous system involvement is invariably due to indirect mechanisms such as metabolic or hypoxic-ischemic brain injury or if direct neuroinvasive disease is a possibility, as with certain viruses.
Numerical assessment of the vulnerability to impact erosion of a pump as turbine in a water supply system
Authors: Oreste Fecarotta , Vittorio Messa Gianandrea , Francesco Pugliese 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNowadays, the installation of pumps as turbines (PATs) in water supply systems (WSSs) is considered attractive because it is able to effectively combine the pressure regulation with the small-scale hydropower generation. One critical aspect concerns the behaviour of the PAT in the presence of solid particles in the flow which impinge against the inner surface of the device, producing a loss of material termed impact erosion. In this paper, the numerical assessment of PAT erosion is performed, by referring, as a case study, to an existing pressure control station in Southern Italy. The variable operative strategy (VOS) was applied to derive the frequency distribution of flow rates over the PAT operation, under the hypothesis of performing the hydraulic regulation of the hydropower plant. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Ansys Fluent was employed for simulating the liquid–solid flow inside the PAT and then coupled with an in-house code to estimate the erosion. The vulnerability of the PAT to wear was analysed by varying its flow rate, aiming at characterizing the decay of PAT components at a constant rotational speed. Finally, a detailed characterization of the PAT response to the particle impingement at its best efficiency point (BEP) was developed and discussed.
Studies of adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution by nano mesocellular foam silica: process equilibrium, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Zhai Qing-Zhou 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mesocellular foam (MCF) silica molecular sieve material was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, low nitrogen adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization techniques were used to characterize the material. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption method showed that pore size of the synthesized MCF was 12 nm. TEM study showed that the synthesized MCFs had honeycomb structure pores, which can be good for the absorbance of dye organic macromolecule substances. This work studied the adsorption of crystal violet by MCF and the results showed that when the adsorptive conditions were pH = 9.0, MCF:crystal violet = 150:1, and when the contact time was 10 min at room temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, the adsorption rate reached 99.71% and adsorption capacity was 6.646 mg/g. This study found that the adsorption is a Freundlich type, it is a multimolecular layer adsorption, and it belongs to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. According to the ΔG0 obtained from adsorption thermodynamics, when the temperature is 25–40 °C, the adsorption enthalpy change ΔH0 = −25.65 kJ/mol, ΔG0 &lt; 0, the adsorption is an exothermic reaction and can spontaneously occur. The adsorption entropy change ΔS0 = 5.54 J/(mol·K) and the entropy of system increased.
Study on the adsorption of polystyrene microplastics by three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Yuan Fang , Yue Lingzhi , Zhao Han , Wu Huifang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a study on the removal of imitated polystyrene (PS) microplastics in water was carried out based on the adsorption capacity of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D RGO). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry characterization showed that the freeze-dried 3D RGO formed a distinct porous spatial structure. Different experimental parameters, such as pH, ion concentration (C0), contact time (t), and temperature (T), were studied to investigate the PS microplastic adsorption performance of 3D RGO. The adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to the strong π–π interaction between the carbon ring of 3D RGO and the benzene ring of PS microplastics. Sorption kinetic and isothermal data were obtained by the well-fitted Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the result of thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of PS microplastics was a spontaneous endothermic process. Under the optimal conditions of pH = 6, C0 = 600 mg/L, t = 120 min, and T = 26 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity of the prepared 3D RGO on PS microplastics was 617.28 mg/g. Furthermore, this method exhibited good feasibility in tap water and lake water.
Synergistic Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin-C3 Encapsulated Chitosan Nanoparticles
Authors: Reddy Desu N.K. , Huang Fu-Yung , Wang Shao-Pin , Kumar Ramya 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Recent studies have focused on the nanoformulations of curcumin to enhance its solubility
and bioavailability. The medicinal properties of curcumin-C3 complex, which is a combination of three
curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) is less explored.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to prepare curcumin-C3 encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles, characterize
and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial potential.

Methods:
Ionic gelation method was used to prepare curcumin-C3 nanoparticles and was characterized by Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking
analysis. In vitro assays were performed to assess drug release, antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Results:
Curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed an increased entrapment efficiency of >90%, drug release
and improved antioxidant potential. Moreover, curcumin-C3-chitosan nanoparticle showed stronger inhibition of
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion:
Chitosan is a suitable carrier for curcumin-C3 nanoparticle and can be used as a drug delivery system
in the treatment of inflammatory and bacterial diseases.
Flavonoids and other Non-alkaloidal Constituents of Genus Erythrina: Phytochemical Review
Authors: Son Ninh T. , Elshamy Abdelsamed I. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Genus Erythrina belongs to family Fabaceae, which is widely distributed
in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used in both traditional herbal medicines and
pharmacological applications. Original research articles and publications on the overview of
alkaloids related to this genus are available, but a supportive systematic review account which
highlighted phytochemical aspects of other types of secondary metabolites is currently insufficient.

Objective:
With the utilization of data and information from SCI-Finder, Google Scholar, the Web
of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, ACS journals, Springer, Taylor
Francis, Bentham Science and IOP Science, the reliable material sources of this systematic review
paper were obtained from the literature published from the 1980s to now.

Conclusion:
A vast amount of data showed that the non-alkaloidal secondary metabolites were
obtained from genus Erythrina with various classes of chemical structures. Herein, approximately
five hundred constituents were isolated, comprising flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols,
phenols, arylbenzofurans, coumarins, alcohols, ceramides, mono-sugars and fatty acid derivatives.
In agreement with the previous phytochemical reports on the plants of the family Fabaceae,
flavonoids reached a high amount in the plants of genus Erythrina. Numerous biological activity
investigations such as anti-bacteria, anti-cancer, anti-virus using isolated compounds from
Erythrina species suggested that secondary metabolites of Erythrina plants are now becoming the
promising agents for drug developments.
Association of Lower Adiponectin Plasma Levels, Increased Age and Smoking with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Bellinati Philipe Quagliato , Alfieri Daniela Frizon , Flauzino Tamires , Junior Paulo Fernando Gasparetto , Rossi Diogo Jorge , Breganó José Wander , Simão Andrea Name Colado , de Almeida Elaine Regina Delicato , Lozovoy Marcell Alysson Batisti , Reiche Edna Maria Vissoci 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The association between subclinical atherosclerosis and traditional cardiovascular
disease (CVD) risk factors, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers has been demonstrated
around the world and specifically Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-
infected individuals. However, the association between subclinical atherosclerosis and these aforementioned
factors combined with anti-inflammatory biomarkers has not been examined in these
populations.

Objectives:
To evaluate the association of the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) with CVD
risk factors, inflammatory, metabolic and HIV-1 infection markers combined with adiponectin and
interleukin (IL)-10 as anti-inflammatory variables.

Methods:
In this case-control study, 49 HIV-1-infected patients on combined antiretroviral therapy
(cART) and 85 controls were compared for traditional CVD risk factors, inflammatory, metabolic,
and anti-inflammatory variables. Further, we compared HIV-1-infected patients according to their
cIMT (as continuous and categorized <0.9 or ≥0.9 mm variable) visualized by carotid ultrasonography
doppler (USGD).

Results:
Twenty-four (48.9%) HIV-1-infected patients showed cIMT ≥0.9 mm. The patients had
higher levels of C reactive protein on high sensitivity assay (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6,
IL-10, triglycerides, and insulin, and lower levels of adiponectin, total cholesterol and low-density
lipoprotein cholesterol than controls (all p<0.05). Low levels of adiponectin were negatively associated
with cIMT ≥0.9 mm (p=0.019), and explained 18.7% of the cIMT variance. Age (p=0.033)
and current smoking (p=0.028) were positively associated with cIMT values, while adiponectin
levels (p=0.008) were negatively associated with cIMT values; together, these three variables explained
27.3% of cIMT variance.

Conclusion:
Low adiponectin was associated with higher cIMT in HIV-1-infected patients on
cART. Low adiponectin levels in combination with age and smoking could explain, in part, the increased
subclinical atherosclerosis observed in these patients. Adiponectin may be a good candidate
for predicting subclinical atherosclerosis in the management of HIV-1-infected patients in public
health care, especially where USGD is not available.
Health Benefits of Ipecac and Cephaeline: their Potential in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Authors: Patel Kanika , Patel Dinesh K. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Cephaelis ipecacuanha and Cephaelis acuminate commonly called Ipecac
are the important medicinal plants of Cephaelis species belonging to Rubiaceae family. Ipecac is
cultivated throughout the world due to their vast of therapeutic applications in gastrointestinal disorders
and poisoning cases.

Methods:
In the present review paper medicinal importance of Ipecac and their main active phytoconstituents
cephaeline have been discussed and presented in concise manner to explore their hidden
potential. Phytochemical aspects of Ipecac and overview of cephaeline have been also discussed
in the present paper. However important Pharmacological activities of cephaeline on gastrointestinal
tract, cardiovascular system, Zika virus, Ebola virus, leishmania and malaria have
been mainly focused in the present paper. Further important analytical techniques of detection and
separation of cephaeline have also been presented in the present paper. Present paper also contains
information of Tissue culture techniques of Ipecac for the better production of cephaeline to fulfil
the industrial demands.

Results:
Cephaeline is colourless crystalline active compound of Ipecac plant which is having
chemical formula C28H38O4N2. Claimed pharmacological activities of Ipecac such as diaphoretic, expectorant
and anti-amoebic are mainly due to the presence of alkaloidal class chemical emetine and
cephaeline. Result also revealed that ethanol extract of Ipecac has been used as emetic agents. Phytochemical
analysis of the Ipecac revealed the presence of emetine, cephaeline, protoemetine, psychotrine,
emetamine, O-methylpsychotrine and psychotrine methyl ether. Pharmacologically
cephaeline induces vomiting through acting on stomach lining but it is more toxic and irritant compared
to the emetine.

Conclusion:
The presented information will be beneficial to the scientific communities to know
the importance of Ipecac and their main active phytoconstituents cephaeline for the treatment of numerous
health related complication.
Association Between Electroencephalogram-Derived Sleep Measures and the Change of Emotional Status Analyzed Using Voice Patterns: Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Miyashita Hirotaka , Nakamura Mitsuteru , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Nakamura Masahiro , Tokuno Shinichi , Chung Ung-Il , Svensson Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Background
Measuring emotional status objectively is challenging, but voice pattern analysis has been reported to be useful in the study of emotion.

Objective
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the association between specific sleep measures and the change of emotional status based on voice patterns measured before and after nighttime sleep.

Methods
A total of 20 volunteers were recruited. Their objective sleep measures were obtained using a portable single-channel electroencephalogram system, and their emotional status was assessed using MIMOSYS, a smartphone app analyzing voice patterns. The study analyzed 73 sleep episodes from 18 participants for the association between the change of emotional status following nighttime sleep (Δvitality) and specific sleep measures.

Results
A significant association was identified between total sleep time and Δvitality (regression coefficient: 0.036, P=.008). A significant inverse association was also found between sleep onset latency and Δvitality (regression coefficient: –0.026, P=.001). There was no significant association between Δvitality and sleep efficiency or number of awakenings.

Conclusions
Total sleep time and sleep onset latency are significantly associated with Δvitality, which indicates a change of emotional status following nighttime sleep. This is the first study to report the association between the emotional status assessed using voice pattern and specific sleep measures.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Inkuiri Terbimbing Pokok Bahasan Klasifikasi Mahluk Hidup
Authors: Margayu Tantri , Yelianti Upik , Hamidah Afreni 
Published: June 2020

One of the teacher's efforts for students to play an active role in learning is to choose media that can practice the skills of conducting experiments, improve critical thinking skills so that students can develop the concept of science. This research is a development research with ADDIE development model. LKPD products are tested before being validated by media experts and material experts. The results of media validation obtained a percentage value of 98.75% with a very good category, and material validation obtained a percentage value of 90.00% with a very good category. The results of small group trials and large group trials were 93.05% and 86.25%, respectively, both included in the excellent category. Furthermore, for the perception of teachers obtained a percentage value of 97.72% with a very good category. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the inquiry-based LKPD was guided on the subject of the classification of living thing for Seventh grade of Yunior High School suitable for use in learning.
Abstrak. Salah satu upaya guru agar peserta didik berperan aktif dalam pembelajaran adalah dengan memilih media yang dapat melatih keterampilan melakukan eksperimen, meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis sehingga peserta didik dapat mengembangkan konsep IPA. Salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan media LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada pokok bahasan klasifikasi mahluk hidup, juga untuk mengetahui persepsi peserta didik dan guru terhadap LKPD yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Produk LKPD sebelum diujicobakan terlebih dahulu divalidasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Hasil validasi media diperoleh nilai persentase 98,75% dengan katagori sangat baik,dan validasi materi diperoleh nilai persentase 90,00% dengan katagori sangat baik. Hasil uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba kelompok besar secara berurutan adalah 93,05% dan 86,25%, keduanya termasuk dalam katagori sangat baik. Selanjutnya untuk persepsi guru diperolah nilai persentase 97,72% dengan katagori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa LKPD berbasis inkuiri terbimbing pada pokok bahasan klasifikasi mahluk hidup untuk kelas VII SMP layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran.