bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast skeletal muscle troponin activator CK‐2066260 mitigates skeletal muscle weakness independently of the underlying cause
Authors: Cheng Arthur J. , Ström Jennifer , Hwee Darren T. , Malik Fady I. , Westerblad Håkan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscle weakness is a common symptom in numerous diseases and a regularly occurring problem associated with ageing. Prolonged low‐frequency force depression (PLFFD) is a form of exercise‐induced skeletal muscle weakness observed after exercise. Three different intramuscular mechanisms underlying PLFFD have been identified: decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, decreased myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity, and myofibrillar dysfunction. We here used these three forms of PLFFD as models to study the effectiveness of a fast skeletal muscle troponin activator, CK‐2066260, to mitigate muscle weakness.MethodsExperiments were performed on intact single muscle fibres or fibre bundles from mouse flexor digitorum brevis, which were stimulated with electrical current pulses, while force and the free cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) were measured. PLFFD was induced by three different stimulation protocols: (i) repeated isometric contractions at low intensity (350 ms tetani given every 5 s for 100 contractions); (ii) repeated isometric contractions at high intensity (250 ms tetani given every 0.5 s for 300 contractions); and (iii) repeated eccentric contractions (350 ms tetani with 20% length increase given every 20 s for 10 contractions). The extent and cause of PLFFD were assessed by comparing the force–[Ca2+]i relationship at low (30 Hz) and high (120 Hz) stimulation frequencies before (control) and 30 min after induction of PLFFD, and after an additional 5 min of rest in the presence of CK‐2066260 (10 μM).ResultsProlonged low‐frequency force depression following low‐intensity and high‐intensity fatiguing contractions was predominantly due to decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and decreased myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity, respectively. CK‐2066260 exposure resulted in marked increases in 30 Hz force from 52 ± 16% to 151 ± 13% and from 6 ± 4% to 98 ± 40% of controls with low‐intensity and high‐intensity contractions, respectively. Following repeated eccentric contractions, PLFFD was mainly due to myofibrillar dysfunction, and it was not fully reversed by CK‐2066260 with 30 Hz force increasing from 48 ± 8% to 76 ± 6% of the control.ConclusionsThe fast skeletal muscle troponin activator CK‐2066260 effectively mitigates muscle weakness, especially when it is caused by impaired activation of the myofibrillar contractile machinery due to either decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release or reduced myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity.
Electro‐oxidation of amoxicillin using titanium electrodes electrophoretically coated by iridium or ruthenium with tantalum oxides
Authors: León Itzel , Gomes Helena , Sepúlveda‐Guzmán Selene , Cárdenas Jesus , Rivera Fernando , Manríquez Juan , Bustos Erika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmoxicillin (AMX) is one of the pharmaceutical compounds in waters being targeted in wastewater decontamination studies, and some of the technological alternatives to degrade it involve using modified surfaces with transition metal oxides, such as IrO2/Ta2O5|Ti and RuO2/Ta2O5|Ti, for in situ production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) to oxidize AMX in aqueous media.RESULTSThe IrO2/Ta2O5|Ti 70:30 electrode was best suited for AMX electro‐oxidation, with 99.23% removal measured by HPLC‐UV–Vis, 81.13% by COD removal, and current efficiency of 41.1% in 0.1 mol L–1 Na2SO4 after applying 15 mA for 6 h. These results are due to a larger surface area (251.67 cm2) and a higher amount of •OH radicals being generated by cm2 in neutral pH (3.8 mol L–1 cm−2) compared to the other electrodes.CONCLUSIONThis paper shows the simulation of the experimental data regarding the complete degradation of AMX (100%) by HPLC, comparing the experimental results and simulation results for AMX degradation using the IrO2/Ta2O5|Ti 70:30. The modeling predicts and validates the disengagement of COD obtained experimentally, considering the mechanism proposed by Trovó and collaborators for the electro‐oxidation of AMX to product C6 (C16H22N3O7S) by generating •OH. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Sonography of pediatric gastrointestinal venous malformations
Authors: Zhang Min , Lin Hai , Qin Ling‐Ling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) venous malformations are extremely rare. Such malformations present in the pediatric age group and can occur anywhere in the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, small or large intestine, anus, and mesentery). We present the sonographic findings of three cases of pediatric GI venous malformation. Sonography is an important diagnostic method in pediatric GI venous malformations.
Early life exposure to hypercaloric diet impairs eating behavior during weaning: The role of BDNF signaling and astrocyte marks
Authors: Palazzo Roberta Passos , Torres Iraci L. S. , Grefenhagen Ágnis Iohana , da Silva Bruno Batista , de Meireles Louisiana Carolina Ferreira , de Vargas Kethleen Costa , Alves Zingara , Pereira Silva Lenir Orlandi , Siqueira Ionara Rodrigues 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiterature shows that gestational and/or lactational exposure to hypercaloric diets induces long term effects on eating behavior and the involvement of neurochemical mechanisms. We hypothesized that the effects of hypercaloric diets in early development phases can precede an overweight or an obesity status. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of gestational and lactational exposure to cafeteria diet on eating behavior and neurochemical parameters, BDNF signaling, epigenetic and astrocyte marks in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb during the weaning phase. Pregnant female rats were randomized between standard and cafeteria diet, the respective diet was maintained through the lactational period. The framework of feeding pattern, meal, and its microstructure, was observed in postnatal day 20. Exposure to cafeteria diet increased the number of meals, associated with a lower first inter‐meal interval and higher consumption in both genders, without any changes in body weight. Diet exposure also reduced the number of grooming, a behavior typically found at the end of meals. Hypercaloric diet exposure reduced BDNF levels in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus from rats of both sexes and increased the content of the TrkB receptor in hippocampi. It was observed an increase in HDAC5 levels, an epigenetic mark. Still, early exposure to the hypercaloric diet reduced hippocampal GFAP and PPARγ levels, without any effect on NeuN content, indicating that alterations in astrocytes can precede those neuronal outcomes. Our results showed that changes in interrelated neurochemical signaling, BDNF, and astrocyte marks, induced by hypercaloric diet in early stages of development may be related to impairment in the temporal distribution of eating pattern and consequent amounts of consumed food during the weaning phase.
Spatial association of SEMA3C with nerve endings/terminal Schwann cells in hair follicle isthmus region
Authors: Zhong Hong‐Bing , Chu Qing‐Song , Xiang Jan Jian , Zhang Arina Li , Chen Eve Qian , Shen Xing‐Ru , Liao Xin‐Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNerve endings and terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) specifically and densely surround hair follicle at isthmus area, forming a neuromuscular‐junction‐like structure called lanceolate complex. The interplay between neuronal components and epidermis in this specialized structure enables hair to properly sense complex stimuli from environments. However, how nerves precisely attach to and innervate this specific region during development remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that SEMA3C, a secreted protein member of semaphorin family responsible for axonal guidance, is localized right below sebaceous gland and in close approximation with nerve endings and TSCs processes all through the entire hair cycle. SEMA3C protein is deposited outside of epithelial cells and its expression is independent on the presence of nerve endings/TSCs. SEMA3C is also found in portions of dermal papilla at growth phase. The tight spatial association of SEMA3C with lanceolate complex suggests that it might play roles in establishment and/or maintenance of the lanceolate complex in hair follicle.
Implication, visualization, and characterization through scanning electron microscopy as a tool to identify nonedible oil seeds
Authors: Cheema Saman Ilyas , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ullah Riaz , Mothana Ramzi A. , Noman Omar M. , Zafar Muhammad , Sultana Shazia , Hameed Ayesha , Naz Saeeda , Akhtar Maryam Tanveer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSecond‐generation biofuels prove to be a distinctive and renewable source of sustainable energy and cleaner environment. The current study focuses on the exploration and identification of four nonedible sources, that is, Brassica oleracea L., Carthamus oxyacantha M.Bieb., Carthamus tinctorius L., and Beaumontia grandiflora Wall., utilizing light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for studying the detailed micromorphological features of these seeds. LM revealed that size ranges from 3 to 20 mm. furthermore, a great variety of color is observed from pitch black to greenish gray and yellowish white to off white. Seeds ultrastructure study with the help of SEM revealed a great variety in shape, size, color, sculpturing and periclinal wall shape, and so on. Followed by the production of fatty acid methyl esters from a novel source, that is, seeds oil of Brassica oleracea L. (seed oil content 42.20%, FFA content 0.329 mg KOH/g) using triple metal impregnated montmorillonite clay catalyst (Cu‐Mg‐Zn‐Mmt). Catalyst was characterized using SEM–EDX, FT‐IR. Maximum yield of Brassica oleracea L. biodiesel (87%) was obtained at the conditions; 1:9 of oil to methanol ratio, 0.5 g of catalyst, 5 hr reaction time, and 90°C of temperature. Synthesized biodiesel was characterized by FT‐IR, GC–MS, and NMR. Fuel properties of the Brassica oleracea L. FAMES were determined and found in accordance with ASTM standards.
Waveguide transmission line parameter analysis based on the FDTD method
Authors: Jiang Zhaoneng , Ji Fangzheng , Huang Shichun , Xuan Xiaofeng , Wang Zhixin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to quickly analyze discontinuity or periodic structure transmission characteristics, the combination of finite‐difference time‐domain method and singular value decomposition is applied. A double‐ridge waveguide (WRD) and its improvement are studied. According to the simulation results about propagation constant and eigen‐functions, the transmission performance of WRD can be improved by adding fillets and enlarging the radius of fillets or filling dielectric material. Guided wave and mode characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are also researched in detail. Simulation carried out for different periodic SIW structures shows that due to the periodic gap, electromagnetic energy leakage is present in the metallized via waveguide wall of the SIW. It is significant for the future improvement and application of SIW structure.
Deep proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal novel biological pathways perturbed by morphine, morphine‐3‐glucuronide and morphine‐6‐glucuronide in human astrocytes
Authors: Dozio Vito , Daali Youssef , Desmeules Jules , Sanchez Jean‐Charles 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTolerance and hyperalgesia associated with chronic exposure to morphine are major limitations in the clinical management of chronic pain. At a cellular level, neuronal signaling can in part account for these undesired side effects, but unknown mechanisms mediated by central nervous system glial cells are likely also involved. Here we applied data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry to perform a deep proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of how human astrocytes responds to opioid stimulation. We unveil time‐ and dose‐dependent effects induced by morphine and its major active metabolites morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G) and morphine‐6‐glucuronide that converging on activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. We also find that especially longer exposure to M3G leads to significant dysregulation of biological pathways linked to extracellular matrix organization, antigen presentation, cell adhesion, and glutamate homeostasis, which are crucial for neuron– and leukocyte–astrocyte interactions.
Noradrenaline protects neurons against H2O2‐induced death by increasing the supply of glutathione from astrocytes via β3‐adrenoceptor stimulation
Authors: Yoshioka Yasuhiro , Negoro Ryosuke , Kadoi Hisatsugu , Motegi Toshiki , Shibagaki Fumiya , Yamamuro Akiko , Ishimaru Yuki , Maeda Sadaaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxidative stress has been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Astrocytes play a significant role in maintaining survival of neurons by supplying antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) to neurons. Recently, we found that noradrenaline increased the intracellular GSH concentration in astrocytes via β3‐adrenoceptor stimulation. These observations suggest that noradrenaline protects neurons from oxidative stress‐induced death by increasing the supply of GSH from astrocytes to neurons via the stimulation of β3‐adrenoceptor in astrocytes. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of noradrenaline against H2O2‐induced neurotoxicity using two different mixed cultures: the mixed culture of human astrocytoma U‐251 MG cells and human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells, and the mouse primary cerebrum mixed culture of neurons and astrocytes. H2O2‐induced neuronal cell death was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with noradrenaline in both mixed cultures but not in single culture of SH‐SY5Y cells or in mouse cerebrum neuron‐rich culture. The neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline was inhibited by SR59230A, a selective β3‐adrenoceptor antagonist, and CL316243, a selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, mimicked the neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline. DL‐buthionine‐[S,R]‐sulfoximine, a GSH synthesis inhibitor, negated the neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline in both mixed cultures. MK571, which inhibits the export of GSH from astrocytes mediated by multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1, also prevented the neuroprotective effect of noradrenaline. These results suggest that noradrenaline protects neurons against H2O2‐induced death by increasing the supply of GSH from astrocytes via β3‐adrenoceptor stimulation.
Value first, cost later: Total value contribution as a new approach to sourcing decisions
Authors: Gray John V. , Helper Susan , Osborn Beverly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFirms compete on value, not cost alone. However, sourcing decisions are often heavily weighted towards minimizing costs, even though these decisions also can affect revenue, risk, and other stakeholder values. To address this disconnect, we introduce a new approach to strategic sourcing, “total value contribution” (TVC). The TVC name by itself promotes attention to value. TVC's structured approach begins with the question: “what do our customers, current and future, value about our products?” The TVC approach builds on insights from the literature on individual and group decision‐making to offset human biases and organizational incentives that emphasize cost reduction. TVC builds on gains already achieved by “total cost of ownership” (TCO) sourcing methods, which broadened the list of factors considered in sourcing. We provide examples of TVC‐like thinking in real organizations and argue that such thinking would be more common with the dissemination of TVC. We also provide access to a version of this JOM Forum piece suitable to assign to students, and discuss a new teaching note which describes how to implement TVC in a popular strategic sourcing teaching case. We believe widespread implementation of TVC would improve both organizational and social outcomes.
Acute kidney injury risk with piperacillin‐tazobactam and vancomycin combination therapy: single centre retrospective study
Authors: McLaren Emma , Banakh Iouri , Cam Sok Leng , Loh Grace , Meanger Darshana , Wanniarachchi Lakmal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who receive vancomycin (VNC) and piperacillin‐tazobactam (PTZ) combination therapy.MethodA single centre, retrospective audit of adult patients treated with VNC alone and in combination with PTZ between 2014–2015. Data was extracted from digital medical records and therapeutic drug monitoring sheets completed by clinical pharmacists. Rates of AKI and duration of combination therapy were analysed by chi‐square, with logistic regression analysis completed to control for nephrotoxins, intensive care unit admission, use of inotropes and pre‐existing chronic kidney disease.ResultsOut of 525 vancomycin courses, that met the inclusion criteria, 211 had PTZ co‐prescribed during the study period. Combination therapy was significantly both associated with an increased rate of AKI compared to VNC use alone (17.5% vs 10.5%, P = 0.02). The mean duration of combination therapy was 4 days (1–17 days). Increased duration of exposure to combination therapy was also associated with a higher incidence of AKI (3.8 days vs. 5.2 days, P = 0.014). VNC‐TPZ combination was identified to be an independent risk factor for AKI (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.01–2.96, P = 0.046) after adjusting for other known risk factors for AKI, including vasopressor use and intensive care unit admission.ConclusionCombined use of VNC‐PTZ, as well as the duration of combination therapy are both associated with an increased risk of AKI compared with VNC alone. The results are similar to previous literature reports of AKI from the combination of antibiotics. Healthcare providers need to be vigilant and limit the exposure to this combination as clinically appropriate.
Dissemination of Information During Public Health Crises: Early COVID‐19 Data From The Laryngoscope
Authors: Chern Alexander , Selesnick Samuel H. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesDuring a public health crisis, it is important for medical journals to share information in a timely manner while maintaining a robust peer‐review process. This review reports and analyzes The Laryngoscope's publication trends and practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic, before the COVID‐19 pandemic, and during previous pandemics.MethodsComprehensive review of two databases (PubMed and The Laryngoscope) was performed. COVID‐19 manuscripts (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 4 months of the pandemic) were identified and compared to manuscripts pertaining to historic pandemics (published in The Laryngoscope during the first 2 years of each outbreak). Keywords included “Laryngoscope”, “flu”, “pandemic”, “influenza”, “SARS”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome”, “coronavirus”, “COVID‐19”, and “SARS‐CoV‐2”. Data were obtained from The Laryngoscope to characterize publication trends during and before the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsFrom March 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020, The Laryngoscope had 203 COVID‐19 submissions. As of July 8, 2020, 20 (9.9%) were accepted, 117 (57.6%) under review, and 66 (32.5%) rejected. During the first 4 months of the pandemic, 18 COVID‐19 manuscripts were published. The mean number of days from submission to online publication was 45, compared to 170 in 2018 and 196 in 2019. A total of 4 manuscripts concerning previous pandemics were published during the initial 2 years of each outbreak.ConclusionsThe Laryngoscope rapidly disseminated quality publications during the COVID‐19 pandemic by upholding a robust peer‐review process while expediting editorial steps, highlighting relevant articles online, and providing open access to make COVID‐19‐related publications available as quickly as possible. Laryngoscope, 130:2508–2515, 2020
Characterization of CRB1 splicing in retinal organoids derived from a patient with adult‐onset rod‐cone dystrophy caused by the c.1892A>G and c.2548G>A variants
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Thompson Jennifer A. , Zhang Dan , Charng Jason , Arunachalam Sukanya , McLaren Terri L. , Lamey Tina M. , De Roach John N. , Jennings Luke , McLenachan Samuel , Chen Fred K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMutations in the human crumbs homologue 1 (CRB1) gene are associated with a spectrum of inherited retinal diseases. However, functional studies demonstrating the impact of individual CRB1 mutations on gene expression are lacking for most variants. Here, we investigated the effect of two CRB1 variants on pre‐mRNA splicing using neural retinal organoids (NRO) derived from a patient with recessive rod‐cone dystrophy caused by compound heterozygous mutations in CRB1 (c.1892A>G and c.2548G>A).MethodsThe patient received ophthalmological examinations including multimodal imaging. NRO were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the patient and a control subject. CRB1 transcripts were characterized by RT‐PCR and Sanger sequencing.ResultsThe Patient displayed retinal thickening with disorganization of retinal layers and preservation of para‐arteriolar retinal pigment epithelium. Both patient and control iPSC produced NRO containing photoreceptor progenitor cells expressing CRB1 mRNA. Patient NRO expressed a novel CRB1 transcript displaying skipping of exon 6. CRB1 transcripts containing the c.2548G>A substitution in exon 7 were expressed in patient NRO.ConclusionsTogether, these results confirm the pathogenicity of the c.1892A>G and c.2548G>A CRB1 variants in a family with recessive adult‐onset rod‐cone dystrophy and further demonstrate the effects of these variants on pre‐mRNA splicing. This data provide important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these variants.
Simultaneous maxillary and mandibular reconstruction with a single Osteocutaneous fibula free flap: A description of three cases
Authors: Krane Natalie A. , Fagin Adam , Ghanem Tamer A. , Cannady Steven B. , Petrisor Daniel , Wax Mark K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge defects that comprise both the maxilla and mandible prove to be difficult reconstructive endeavors and commonly require two free tissue transfers. Three cases are presented to discuss an option for simultaneous reconstruction of maxillary and mandibular defects using a single osteocutaneous fibula free flap. The first case describes a 16‐year‐old male with a history of extensive facial trauma sustained in a boat propeller accident resulting in a class IId maxillary and 5 cm mandibular defect status post three failed reconstructive surgeries; the second, a 33‐year‐old male with recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma of the muscles of mastication with resultant hemi‐mandibulectomy and class IId maxillary defects; and lastly, a 48‐year‐old male presenting after a failed scapular free flap to reconstruct defects resulting from a self‐inflicted gunshot wound, which included a 5 cm defect of the right mandibular body and 4.5 cm defect of the inferior maxillary bone. In all cases, a single osteocutaneous fibula free flap was used in two bone segments; one to obturate the maxillary defect and restore alveolar bone and the other to reconstruct the mandibular defect. The most recent patient was able to undergo implantable dental rehabilitation. Postoperatively, the free flaps were viable and masticatory function was restored in all patients during a follow‐up range of 2–4 years.