bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SQVDT: A scalable quantitative vulnerability detection technique for source code security assessment
Authors: Akram Junaid , Luo Ping 
Published: October 2020

SummaryVulnerability detection and exploit is becoming a very important part of security, especially in malware code delivery, hacking a system, efforts to create patches, improving the source code, or updating a software. Vulnerabilities in applications, including browsers, media players, online services, document readers, and so forth. are often exploited and cause a serious damage. In this article, we propose a vulnerability detection technique to detect vulnerabilities in software, as well as shared libraries at source code level. We crawl the vulnerable source code by tracing and locating the patch files from different web sources according to their CVE‐numbers and built a fingerprint index of 2931 vulnerable files. Then we developed a vulnerability detection approach based on code clone detection technique and detect hundreds of vulnerabilities in thousands of GitHub open source projects, which are not noticed before as vulnerable. We detected vulnerabilities in some very famous recently available software, including latest version of Linux, HTC‐kernel, FindX‐8.1‐kernel, and in 7‐TB of C/C++ source code (152,823 open source projects). In this study, we discuss some of the very high severity level (CVSS) vulnerabilities that are detected by our approach. Furthermore, we performed an empirical evaluation and verification on these vulnerabilities, including intraproject clone vulnerabilities, copied‐kernel clone vulnerabilities, and library‐used clone vulnerabilities. Our technique is very fast, efficient, reliable, practical, scalable, and can be implemented at industrial level. The comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art tools shows the effectiveness of our approach.
Combining single and double parton scatterings in a parton shower
Authors: Cabouat Baptiste , Gaunt Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Double parton scattering (DPS) processes in which there is a perturbative “1 → 2” splitting in both protons overlap with loop corrections to single parton scattering (SPS). Any fundamental theoretical treatment of DPS needs to address this double-counting issue. In this paper, we augment our Monte-Carlo simulation of DPS, dShower, to be able to generate kinematic distributions corresponding to the combination SPS+DPS without double counting. To achieve this, we formulate a fully-differential version of the subtraction scheme introduced in Diehl et al. (JHEP 06 (2017) 083). A shower is attached to the subtraction term, and this is combined with the dShower DPS shower along with the usual SPS shower. We perform a proof-of-concept study of this new algorithm in the context of Z0Z0 production. Once the subtraction term is included, we verify that the results do not depend strongly on the artificial “DPS-SPS demarcation” scale ν. As part of the development of the new algorithm, we improve the kinematics of the 1 → 2 splitting in the DPS shower (and subtraction term), allowing the daughter partons to have a relative transverse momentum. Several reasonable choices for the transverse profile in the 1 → 2 splitting are studied. We find that many kinematic distributions are not strongly affected by the choice, although we do observe some differences in the region where the transverse momenta of both bosons are small.
Hybrid subtractive–additive manufacturing processes for high value-added metal components
Authors: Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Bikas Harry , Avram Oliver , Valente Anna , Chryssolouris George 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHybrid process chains lack structured decision-making tools to support advanced manufacturing strategies, consisting of a simulation-enhanced sequencing and planning of additive and subtractive processes. The paper sets out a method aiming at identifying an optimal process window for additive manufacturing, while considering its integration with conventional technologies, starting from part inspection as a built-in functionality, quantifying geometrical and dimensional part deviations, and triggering an effective hybrid process recipe. The method is demonstrated on a hybrid manufacturing scenario, by dynamically sequencing laser deposition (DLM) and subtraction (milling), triggered by intermediate inspection steps to ensure consistent growth of a part.
The effect of processing parameters on the mechanical characteristics of PLA produced by a 3D FFF printer
Authors: Gonabadi H. , Yadav A. , Bull S. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract3D printing by fused filament fabrication (FFF) provides an innovative manufacturing method for complex geometry components. Since FFF is a layered manufacturing process, effects of process parameters are of concern when plastic materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), polystyrene and nylon are used. This study explores how the process parameters, e.g. build orientation and infill pattern/density, affect the mechanical response of PLA samples produced using FFF. Digital image correlation (DIC) was employed to get full-field surface-strain measurements. The results show the influence of build orientation and infill density is significant. For on-edge orientation, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus were 55 MPa and 3.5 GPa respectively, which were about 91% and 40% less for the upright orientation, demonstrating a significant anisotropy. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased with increasing infill density. In contrast, different infill patterns have no significant effect. Considering the influence of build orientation, based on the experimental results, a constitutive model derived from the laminate plate theory was employed. The material parameters were determined by tensile tests. Results demonstrated a reasonable agreement between the experimental data and the predictive model. Similar anisotropy to tension was observed in shear tests; shear modulus and shear strength for 45° flat orientation were about 1.55 GPa and 36 MPa, whereas for upright specimens they were about 0.95 GPa and 18 MPa, respectively. The findings provide a framework for systematic mechanical characterisation of 3D-printed polymers and potential ways of choosing process parameters to maximise performance for a given design.
An intervention promoting understanding of achievement emotions with middle school students
Authors: Raccanello Daniela , Hall Rob 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of an evidence-based intervention aimed at enhancing middle school students’ understanding of achievement emotions and their regulation. We used the control-value theory of achievement emotions and ability conception from emotional intelligence as a theoretical framework. Participants were 62 students followed longitudinally from seventh to eighth grade, assigned to an experimental or a control condition. Pre- and post-test measures assessed knowledge on achievement emotions, strategies to regulate achievement emotions, native language-related achievement emotions, and grades. The intervention was embedded within the native language domain and included ten units. We focused on a range of ten positive and negative, activating and deactivating emotions, and associated emotion regulation strategies. Compared to the control group, students in the experimental group improved knowledge of emotional lexicon and emotion strategies; they decreased some negative native language-related emotions; and only boys increased native language-related grades. The findings supported the efficacy of the training and were discussed referring to relevant theoretical approaches.
Relationship between right and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction assessed by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Miyake Makoto , Abe Rie , Matsutani Hayato , Sakamoto Jiro , Kondo Hirokazu , Iwakura Atsushi , Doi Hiraku , Tamura Toshihiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have reported a correlation between right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). However, data are lacking regarding the relationship between RV and LV diastolic dysfunction assessed by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. We studied 69 adults with repaired TOF (mean age 34 years, 61% male) who had been regularly followed up and had routinely undergone echocardiography. In addition to conventional echocardiography, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and early diastolic strain rate (SRe) of both ventricles were assessed using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Results were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched controls. RV and LV GLS were decreased in TOF patients compared with controls (− 18.4 ± 3.3% vs. −23.5 ± 4.2%, p < 0.001 and − 16.0 ± 3.8% vs. −20.0 ± 3.0%, p < 0.001, respectively). RV and LV SRe were also decreased in TOF patients compared with controls (1.22 ± 0.34 sec− 1 vs. 1.47 ± 0.41 sec− 1, p = 0.003 and 1.29 ± 0.42 sec− 1 vs. 1.63 ± 0.42 sec− 1, p < 0.001, respectively). A correlation between RV and LV SRe was found in TOF patients (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) as well as between RV and LV GLS (r = 0.45, p < 0.001). Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography reveals subclinical RV and LV diastolic dysfunction in adults with repaired TOF. A correlation is observed between RV and LV diastolic dysfunction as well as between RV and LV systolic dysfunction.
Cardiogenic shock and acute kidney injury: the rule rather than the exception
Authors: Ghionzoli N , Sciaccaluga C , Mandoli GE , Vergaro G , Gentile F , D’Ascenzi F , Mondillo S , Emdin M , Valente S , Cameli M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition of poor end-organ perfusion, caused by any cardiovascular disease resulting in a severe depression of cardiac output. Despite recent advances in replacement therapies, the outcome of CS is still poor, and its management depends more on empirical decisions rather than on evidence-based strategies. By its side, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of CS, resulting in the onset of a cardiorenal syndrome. The combination of CS with AKI depicts a worse clinical scenario and holds a worse prognosis. Many factors can lead to acute renal impairment in the setting of CS, either for natural disease progression or for iatrogenic causes. This review aims at collecting the current evidence-based acknowledgments in epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of CS with AKI. We also attempted to highlight the major gaps in evidence as well as to point out possible strategies to improve the outcome.
Towards the Probabilistic Analysis of Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Features to Predict Severity of Duodenal Histology in Patients with Villous Atrophy
Authors: Chetcuti Zammit Stefania , Bull Lawrence A , Sanders David S , Galvin Jessica , Dervilis Nikolaos , Sidhu Reena , Worden Keith 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmall bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) can be complementary to histological assessment of celiac disease (CD) and serology negative villous atrophy (SNVA). Determining the severity of disease on SBCE using statistical machine learning methods can be useful in the follow up of patients. SBCE can play an additional role in differentiating between CD and SNVA. De-identified SBCEs of patients with CD and SNVA were included. Probabilistic analysis of features on SBCE were used to predict severity of duodenal histology and to distinguish between CD and SNVA. Patients with higher Marsh scores were more likely to have a positive SBCE and a continuous distribution of macroscopic features of disease than those with lower Marsh scores. The same pattern was also true for patients with CD when compared to patients with SNVA. The validation accuracy when predicting the severity of Marsh scores and when distinguishing between CD and SNVA was 69.1% in both cases. When the proportions of each SBCE class group within the dataset were included in the classification model, to distinguish between the two pathologies, the validation accuracy increased to 75.3%. The findings of this work suggest that by using features of CD and SNVA on SBCE, predictions can be made of the type of pathology and the severity of disease.
Das IMIRA-Projekt am Robert Koch-Institut
Authors: Koschollek Carmen , Kajikhina Katja , Bug Marleen , Santos-Hövener Claudia 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDeutschland ist ein Einwanderungsland und 2019 hatte mehr als jede vierte hier lebende Person einen sog. Migrationshintergrund. Bei dieser statistisch definierten Gruppe handelt es sich um einen heterogenen Personenkreis; nicht nur in Bezug auf die Herkunft, sondern auch auf die Lebenslagen oder beispielsweise die Zuzugsmotive oder Deutschkenntnisse. Diese Heterogenität lässt sich anhand der statistischen Annäherungskategorie Migrationshintergrund kaum abbilden, spezifische Aussagen über die Gesundheit von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund sind nicht ohne Hinzuziehung weiterer Variablen möglich. Um Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund besser in das Gesundheitsmonitoring am Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) einzubeziehen und das Thema Migration und Gesundheit ganzheitlicher zu betrachten, wurde das Projekt IMIRA („Improving Health Monitoring in Migrant Populations“) durchgeführt. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse, die im Rahmen dieses Projektes für die Forschungspraxis gewonnen wurden und trägt Empfehlungen für deren Übertragbarkeit in Bezug auf die medizinische Versorgung zusammen. So sind eine Weiterentwicklung mehrsprachiger Informations- und Aufklärungsmaterialien sowie die Einbeziehung von Vertreterinnen und Vertretern der Zielgruppe(n) unerlässlich. Darüber hinaus sollte in Behandlung und Diagnostik Sprachmittlung durch professionelle Dolmetscherinnen und Dolmetscher gewährleistet werden. Notwendig sind weiterhin Diversitätssensibilität und Diversität im Team. Die hier diskutierten Aspekte können auch im Bereich der Diabetologie nützlich sein. Zur Weiterentwicklung von Disease-Management-Programmen (DMP) sind partizipative Ansätze notwendig, um die DMP-Zugänglichkeit zu erhöhen.
Brüche der Arbeitsbeziehung in Coaching und Supervision
Authors: Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Möller Heidi , Zimmermann Jannik 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Coaching und Supervision ist die Arbeitsbeziehung zentraler Wirkfaktor. Zwischenmenschliches Geschehen ist aber auch eine Bühne für Störfaktoren, die es zu handhaben gilt. In diesem Beitrag wird das aus der Psychotherapieforschung stammende Konzept der Brüche der Arbeitsbeziehung und ihrer Reparatur vorgestellt. Hierzu gehen wir auf das „Rupture Resolution Rating System“ (3RS) ein, das Spannungsphänomene systematisiert, die Qualität einzelner Brüche veranschaulicht und für die Prozessforschung zugänglich macht. Anschließend wird das Phänomen der Brüche auf den Kontext von Coaching und Supervision übertragen und mit theoretischen und praktischen Implikationen für die Beratung abgerundet.
Students’ Understanding of the Derivative Concept in the Context of Mathematics for Economics
Authors: Feudel Frank , Biehler Rolf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe derivative concept plays a major role in economics. However, its use in economics is very heterogeneous, sometimes inconsistent, and contradicts students’ prior knowledge from school. This applies in particular to the common economic interpretation of the derivative as the amount of change while increasing the production by one unit. Hence, in calculus courses for economics students, learners should acquire an understanding of the derivative that is mathematically acceptable and connected to their prior knowledge, but which also takes into account its practical use in economics. In this paper we first develop a theoretical model describing such an understanding of the derivative for economics students. We then present an exploratory study investigating the extent to which economics students have such an understanding after their calculus course. The results indicate that many of them might not have acquired this kind of understanding, in particular concerning the common economic interpretation of the derivative. The study furthermore yields possible gaps in students’ understanding and possible misconceptions.
Dependence of the leopardPanthera pardus fuscain Jaipur, India, on domestic animals
Authors: Kumbhojkar Swapnil , Yosef Reuven , Kosicki Jakub Z. , Kwiatkowska Patrycja K. , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ecology and predator–prey dynamics of large felids in the tropics have largely been studied in natural systems where wild ungulates constitute the majority of the prey base. However, in tropical countries where communities are primarily agrarian, the high density of domestic animals in human-dominated landscapes can be a potential prey source for large carnivores. We demonstrate almost complete dependence of the Vulnerable leopardPanthera pardus fuscain the Jhalana Reserve Forest in Jaipur, north-west India on domestic animals as prey. We analysed 132 leopard scats collected during the dry season of November 2017–April 2018. Domestic animals comprised the majority of the leopards' prey (89.5% frequency of occurrence): dogsCanis lupus familiaris(44%), catsFelis catus(13%), goatsCapra aegagrus hircus(16%) and cattleBos taurus(15%). Wild species, which occurred in the leopards' diet at a relatively low frequency, were rodents, the hareLepus nigricollis, small Indian civetViverricula indica, rhesus macaqueMacaca mulatta, northern plains grey langurSemnopithecus entellusand mongooseHerpestes edwardsii. Diet is also a function of availability of potential prey, but no data are available on the density of the leopard's wild prey species in Jhalana Reserve Forest. Nevertheless, our results suggest that abundance of domestic prey around Jhalana Reserve Forest sustains the c. 25 known leopards. We conclude that these leopards, by preying on feral dogs in an urban environment, could be considered as suppliers of a service to the human population amongst whom they thrive, although this potentially exposes the leopards to the canine distemper virus.
Sandwich dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for specific immunodiagnosis of active neuroangiostrongyliasis
Authors: Eamsobhana Praphathip , Tungtrongchitr Anchalee , Yong Hoi-Sen , Prasartvit Anchana , Wanachiwanawin Darawan , Gan Xiao-Xian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSerological tests may yield false-negative results for specific antibodies detection before or at the early seroconversion phase. Tests that detect circulating antigens of Angiostrongylus cantonensis would therefore be of value in diagnosis to distinguish current or past infection. Here, a quick, easy to perform, portable and inexpensive diagnostic device for detection of 31-kDa A. cantonensis specific antigens had been developed. This sandwich dot-immunogold filtration assay (AcDIGFAAg), for detecting active angiostrongyliasis was produced using anti-A. cantonensis polyclonal antibody dotted on the nitrocellulose membrane as a capture agent and colloidal gold-labelled anti-31 kDa A. cantonensis antibody as a detection agent. A well-defined pink dot, indicating positivity, was seen readily by naked eye within 10–15 min. The AcDIGFAAg detected A. cantonensis-specific antigens in cerebrospinal fluid samples from 4 out of 10 serologically confirmed angiostrongyliasis cases and 2 out of 5 suspected cases with negative anti-A. cantonensis antibodies. Among the 19 patient sera with A. cantonensis infection, 2 showed positive reaction by AcDIGFAAg. No positive AcDIGFAAg reaction was observed in all the serum samples with other parasitic diseases, and the healthy controls. The present ‘AcDIGFAAg’ enables rapid qualitative detection of the specific 31-kDa antigens of A. cantonensis in clinical samples with potential for application even under resource-limited settings.
Fully divine and fully human: a bi-modal outline towards consistency
Authors: BEALL Jc , COTNOIR A. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhilosophers and theologians have long recognized apparent contradictions in the Christian doctrine of the incarnation wherein Jesus is both fully divine and fully human and thereby exemplifies all properties essential to being divine and all properties essential to being human, including, respectively, immutability and mutability. In this article, we outline a new account of such apparent contradictions, wherein each such pair of (modal) properties involves different modal operators.
Introduction: Colonial Public Spheres and the Worlds of Print
Authors: Hunter Emma , James Leslie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA growing literature explores the varying role of print media in the colonial world and the new types of publics such newspapers and periodicals produced. However, this literature has tended to focus on specific regions, and has often sidestepped the larger question of how to conceptualise the relationship between print media and colonial rule. While some have used the term ‘colonial public sphere’ or ‘colonial publics,’ others have preferred to avoid these terms and instead thought in terms of multiple and overlapping publics. What this literature has shown is that a single analytic model for analysing public spaces of discourse is not usable. In this Introduction to our Special Issue we propose a new framework for studying the publics created through print media in the colonial world. We outline a set of four factors – addressivity, performativity, materiality and periodicity – that can be applied to specific historical case studies. We then explain how the issue as a whole models this methodology as a means to analyse how print media (as one medium within the public sphere) functioned in specific colonial and semi-colonial spaces around the world.
Is it important to define skin sub-volumes in breast brachytherapy?
Authors: Wadasadawala Tabassum , Bushra Sabheen , Gurram Lavanya , Scaria Libin , Phurailatpam Reena , Rane Pallavi , Sarin Rajiv 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAim:To evaluate clinically pertinent skin dose and volume parameters for the development of toxicities following accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI).Methods:Three skin structures of various thicknesses inside the body (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm) were contoured over the treated breast retrospectively in a cohort of 62 women who underwent APBI using multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy. The correlation statistics between the various skin structures and acute and late skin sequelae were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test and receiver-operating characteristic analysis. A p-value of <0·05 was considered significant.Results:At a median follow-up period of 54 months (range: 28–86), a significant correlation was seen between dose received by 0·2 (D0·2) cc of skin 4 mm inside the body as well as volume receiving 100% dose (V100) of skin 3 mm inside the body with cosmesis at 2 years and at last follow-up. The threshold for the two parameters for prediction of excellent or good cosmesis was 90% of the prescribed dose and 0·05 cc, respectively. No significant dosimetric or volumetric correlation was seen with other sequelae like wound dehiscence, fat necrosis, telangiectasia and atrophy.Conclusion:The results of this study support the use of dose and volumetric indices of the sub-volumes of the skin for correlation with clinical endpoints. However, the same should be validated prospectively in a larger cohort of women undergoing breast brachytherapy.