bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Midline Cerebellar rTMS on Human Pharyngeal Cortical Activity in the Intact Swallowing Motor System
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Niziolek Nikola , Zhang Mengqing , Smith Craig J , Bath Philip M , Rothwell John , Hamdy Shaheen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe sought to compare the effects of 10 Hz cerebellar vermis (vs. unilateral hemispheric and sham) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cortical neuroelectrical activity and thereafter 10 Hz cerebellar vermis (vs. sham) rTMS on swallowing behaviour. Healthy participants (n = 25) were randomly allocated to receive vermis, unilateral hemisphere or sham 10 Hz cerebellar rTMS. Recordings were made using pharyngeal electromyography and manometry catheters, obtaining motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and pressure recordings. The amplitudes of MEPs elicited using single-pulse TMS delivered to the pharyngeal areas of the motor cortex bilaterally were measured pre- and post-cerebellar stimulation. As in previous studies, abductor policis brevis (APB) MEPs were measured to assess post-rTMS modulation specificity. Swallowing was assessed using a swallowing accuracy task. Measurements were made at baseline and 15-min intervals for an hour post-intervention. Measurements involved TMS being used to elicit 10 MEPs bilaterally over the pharyngeal areas of the motor cortex, over the APB cortical representation adjacent to the pharyngeal area with the lowest resting motor threshold and 5 MEPs bilaterally over pharyngeal areas of the cerebellar hemispheres. Swallowing accuracy was assessed by giving participants 10 attempts to swallow and hit a digital target. Cerebellar vermis rTMS caused significant suppression of cortical pharyngeal MEP amplitudes compared with unilateral rTMS and sham (P = 0.0005, 0.002). APB and cerebellar MEP amplitudes were unaffected as were pharyngeal and APB MEP latencies. Following cerebellar vermis rTMS there was a significant reduction in swallowing accuracy compared with sham (P = 0.001). Our findings demonstrate cerebellar vermis rTMS exerts a suppressive effect on pharyngeal motor cortical activity and swallowing behaviour.
Reply to Cartwright, Pemberton, Wieten: “mechanisms, laws and explanation”
Authors: Krickel Beate 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCartwright et al. in European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 10(3) (2020) and the new mechanists agree that regular behaviors described in cp laws are generated by mechanisms. However, there is disagreement with regard to the two questions that Cartwright at al. ask: the epistemological question (“What kind of explanation is involved?”) and the ontological question (“What is going on in the world?”). Most importantly, Cartwright et al. argue that the explanation involved is a CL-explanation, while the new mechanists insist that mechanistic explanation and CL-explanation are competitors. In this reply, I will highlight some worries regarding Cartwright et al.’s analysis of the relationship between mechanisms and cp laws and I will provide alternative answers to the two questions in line with the new mechanistic approach.
All-Instances Restricted Chase Termination for Linear TGDs
Authors: Gogacz Tomasz , Marcinkowski Jerzy , Pieris Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe chase procedure is a fundamental algorithmic tool in database theory with a variety of applications. A key problem concerning the chase procedure is all-instances chase termination: for a given set of tuple-generating dependencies (TGDs), is it the case that the chase terminates for every input database? In view of the fact that this problem is, in general, undecidable, it is natural to ask whether well-behaved classes of TGDs, introduced in different contexts, ensure decidability. It has been recently shown that the problem is decidable for the restricted (a.k.a. standard) version of the chase, and linear TGDs, a prominent class of TGDs that has been introduced in the context of ontological query answering, under the assumption that only one atom appears in TGD-heads. We provide an alternative proof for this result based on Monadic Second-Order Logic, which we believe is simpler that the ones obtained from the literature.
NGS_SNPAnalyzer: a desktop software supporting genome projects by identifying and visualizing sequence variations from next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Lee Dong-Jun , Kwon Taesoo , Kim Chang-Kug , Seol Young-Joo , Park Dong-Suk , Lee Tae-Ho , Ahn Byung-Ohg 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Sequence variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms are markers for genetic diseases and breeding. Therefore, identifying sequence variations is one of the main objectives of several genome projects. Although most genome project consortiums provide standard operation procedures for sequence variation detection methods, there may be differences in the results because of human selection or error.

Objective
To standardize the procedure for sequence variation detection and help researchers who are not formally trained in bioinformatics, we developed the NGS_SNPAnalyzer, a desktop software and fully automated graphical pipeline.

Methods
The NGS_SNPAnalyzer is implemented using JavaFX (version 1.8); therefore, it is not limited to any operating system (OS). The tools employed in the NGS_SNPAnalyzer were compiled on Microsoft Windows (version 7, 10) and Ubuntu Linux (version 16.04, 17.0.4).

Results
The NGS_SNPAnalyzer not only includes the functionalities for variant calling and annotation but also provides quality control, mapping, and filtering details to support all procedures from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data to variant visualization. It can be executed using pre-set pipelines and options and customized via user-specified options. Additionally, the NGS_SNPAnalyzer provides a user-friendly graphical interface and can be installed on any OS that supports JAVA.

Conclusions
Although there are several pipelines and visualization tools available for NGS data analysis, we developed the NGS_SNPAnalyzer to provide the user with an easy-to-use interface. The benchmark test results indicate that the NGS_SNPAnayzer achieves better performance than other open source tools.
Should Sea-Ice Modeling Tools Designed for Climate Research Be Used for Short-Term Forecasting?
Authors: Hunke Elizabeth , Allard Richard , Blain Philippe , Blockley Ed , Feltham Daniel , Fichefet Thierry , Garric Gilles , Grumbine Robert , Lemieux Jean-François , Rasmussen Till , Ribergaard Mads , Roberts Andrew , Schweiger Axel , Tietsche Steffen , Tremblay Bruno , Vancoppenolle Martin , Zhang Jinlun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn theory, the same sea-ice models could be used for both research and operations, but in practice, differences in scientific and software requirements and computational and human resources complicate the matter. Although sea-ice modeling tools developed for climate studies and other research applications produce output of interest to operational forecast users, such as ice motion, convergence, and internal ice pressure, the relevant spatial and temporal scales may not be sufficiently resolved. For instance, sea-ice research codes are typically run with horizontal resolution of more than 3 km, while mariners need information on scales less than 300 m. Certain sea-ice processes and coupled feedbacks that are critical to simulating the Earth system may not be relevant on these scales; and therefore, the most important model upgrades for improving sea-ice predictions might be made in the atmosphere and ocean components of coupled models or in their coupling mechanisms, rather than in the sea-ice model itself. This paper discusses some of the challenges in applying sea-ice modeling tools developed for research purposes for operational forecasting on short time scales, and highlights promising new directions in sea-ice modeling.
Parenting Goals: Links with Parenting Strategies in Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: O’Nions Elizabeth , Happé Francesca , Segers Julie , Viding Essi , Noens Ilse 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Parenting goals describe the outcomes that parents aim for when interacting with their child. They have received little attention in research with caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study explored different types (dimensions) of parenting goals reported by caregivers of children with ASD, investigated links between these parenting goals and child characteristics, and explored whether parenting goals were linked to reported use of particular parenting strategies.

Methods
Data from 161 caregivers of children with ASD aged 7–18 years revealed two goal dimensions: “Norm Adherence Goals” (i.e. the perceived importance of the child cooperating with the parent, respecting their authority, and behaving well in public); and “Autonomy Support and Relationship Goals” (i.e. the perceived importance of promoting the child’s resilience, wellbeing, and the quality of the parent-child relationship).

Results
Parents who reported that norm adherence goals were particularly important to them were more likely to endorse parenting strategies such as setting rules, using rewards, and giving punishments. These parents also reported using less “Accommodation” (e.g. making allowances for their child, being flexible, avoiding triggers). Autonomy support and relationship goals were very strongly endorsed by nearly all parents, and we therefore could not find strong links between the importance of these goals and parenting strategies.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that parenting goals might be importantly linked to parenting strategies and could be considered in personalizing interventions in clinical practice. Given that parents’ cognitions about their child’s behaviour and their role as parents likely interact with and influence their parenting goals, we argue that future research should investigate parenting goals, cognitions, and behaviours in parallel.
Adult children's achievements and ageing parents’ depressive symptoms in China
Authors: Wang Haowei , Han Sae Hwang , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the association between adult children's achievements and ageing parents’ depressive symptoms in China. The research topic was examined within the contexts of one-child and multiple-children families in rural and urban China. Older adults (aged 60–113, N = 8,450; nested within 462 communities/villages) from the 2013 China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey provided information about themselves and their adult children (N = 22,738). Adult children's achievements were assessed with educational attainment, financial status and occupational status; older parents’ depressive symptoms were assessed with nine items of the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Multilevel linear regression models were estimated separately for older parents with one child only and multiple children. For older parents with multiple children, both having one or more children with any achievement and the total number of children's achievements were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. For parents with only one child, any achievement of the child and the total number of the child's achievements were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Our results also indicated that the association between children's achievements and parents’ depressive symptoms varied by rural–urban residence and family type. Our findings contributed to the understanding of family dynamics underlying the emotional wellbeing of older adults in China.
Physical Sources of High‐Frequency Seismic Noise on Cascadia Initiative Ocean Bottom Seismometers
Authors: Hilmo Rose , Wilcock William S. D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhysical sources of high‐frequency seismic noise in the ocean are investigated using data from the Cascadia Initiative (CI) ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) network, hindcasts of wind speed, waves, and the bottom currents predicted by a regional ocean circulation model and observed at sites on cabled observatories. Seismic data in the 5–12 Hz band are considered because it is best for detecting regional earthquakes and lies between the frequencies of local microseisms and the seasonal whale calls. Median noise levels in this range vary by ~20 dB between sites at a given depth but on average decrease with increasing depth. On the continental shelf, the orbital motions of ocean waves are a major source of noise while at the quietest sites in the deep ocean, noise increases when wind speeds exceed ~10 m/s. On the continental slope and abyssal plain within about 100 km of the slope, seismic noise is not predicted at specific sites by the bottom currents in the ocean circulation model. In these regions, ocean currents are inferred to be the primary source of noise, because noise varies on tidal periods, is low on buried seismometers, and has spatial variations broadly consistent with those of median absolute currents. Comparisons between OBSs suggest that high‐frequency noise is reduced by low‐profile hydrodynamic designs but not by shielding. Many OBSs also record numerous short duration events on and near the continental shelf that have been attributed elsewhere to animals bumping into the sensor or gas bubbles moving through sediments.
Dynamics of Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Response to Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing
Authors: Wang Hai , Xie Shang‐Ping , Zheng Xiao‐Tong , Kosaka Yu , Xu Yangyang , Geng Yu‐Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic aerosols, concentrated largely in the Northern Hemisphere, not only affect the local climate but also induce pronounced changes in atmospheric circulation that extend into the Southern Hemisphere (SH). In coupled historical single‐forcing simulations, aerosol forcing induces a deceleration of both the subpolar jet (SPJ) and the subtropical jet (STJ) in SH in austral winter. Atmospheric general circulation model experiments indicate that the STJ is weakened by an interhemisphere gradient in the zonal mean sea surface temperature (SST) and an anomalous cross‐equatorial Hadley circulation, while the SPJ response shares similar feedbacks with the greenhouse gas forcing. Specifically, atmospheric eddy adjustments are important for the SPJ change. The atmospheric response unique to anthropogenic aerosol forcing (e.g., cross‐equatorial Hadley cell and the weakened SH STJ) can be exploited for climate change attribution.
Provenance Evolution of Age‐Calibrated Strata Reveals When and How South China Block Collided With Gondwana
Authors: Yang Chuan , Li Xian‐Hua , Li Zheng‐Xiang , Zhu Maoyan , Lu Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe South China Block (SCB) has been regarded by many as an integral part of Gondwana, but proposed timing and processes for its accretion to Gondwana vary and remain contentious, largely owing to the lack of reliable Pan‐African age paleomagnetic data and tectono‐magmatic records from the SCB. Integrated in situ U‐Pb ages and Hf‐O isotope analyses of detrital zircons from geochronologically well‐calibrated Ediacaran‐Cambrian sedimentary rocks of western SCB reveal age populations of 2.51, 1.85, 1.20, 0.80, and 0.52 Ga. Detrital zircon age spectra indicate a major tectonic transition for the SCB during 0.56–0.54 Ga, interpreted to reflect the beginning of the collision between SCB‐Indochina and NW India blocks. The collisional event lasted until early Ordovician, leading to the suturing of the SCB‐Indochina to the northern margin of East Gondwana.
Evaluation of the Cross‐Field Current Instability as a Substorm Onset Process With Auroral Bead Properties
Authors: Lui A. T. Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDetailed properties of the spatially periodic auroral beads (ABs) that develop immediately prior to auroral substorm expansion onset on breakup auroral arcs pose stringent observational constraints on the substorm onset process. Theoretical predictions of the cross‐field current instability (CCI) are evaluated in terms of these constraints. It is found that CCI satisfies these constraints associated with ABs, that is, their growth rates, wavelengths, and periods, by matching these characteristics well with the theoretical predictions of CCI. Several subtle trends in AB properties are revealed with CCI solutions applied to them. For a given observed wavelength in the ionosphere, waves with longer periods are generated at onset sites at longer downstream distances for both westward and eastward drifting ABs. Waves with higher growth rates are generated by higher drift speeds for a given observed period and for a given observed wavelength by onset sites at closer downstream distances. A distinct group of eastward drifting ABs having long periods and small wavelengths are related to onset sites with relatively high drift speeds and large downstream distances. These revelations indicate that the onset site can occur over a range of downstream distances. ABs possessing two different propagating directions may be accommodated. A two‐dimensional equilibrium current sheet can be constructed from the adopted parameters for the current sheet used in CCI solution. Some misunderstandings of CCI are clarified as well. All these findings provide strong evidence for CCI as a viable substorm onset process.
20 Years of ACE Data: How Superposed Epoch Analyses Reveal Generic Features in Interplanetary CME Profiles
Authors: Regnault F. , Janvier M. , Démoulin P. , Auchère F. , Strugarek A. , Dasso S. , Noûs C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are magnetic structures propagating from the Sun's corona to the interplanetary medium. With over 20 years of observations at the L1 libration point, ACE offers hundreds of ICMEs detected at different times during several solar cycles and with different features such as the propagation speed. We investigate a revisited catalog of more than 400 ICMEs using the superposed epoch method on the mean, median, and the most probable values of the distribution of magnetic and plasma parameters. We also investigate the effects of the speed of ICMEs relative to the solar wind, the solar cycle, and the existence of a magnetic cloud on the generic ICME profile. We find that fast‐propagating ICMEs (relatively to the solar wind in front) still show signs of compression at 1 au, as seen by the compressed sheath and the asymmetric profile of the magnetic field. While the solar cycle evolution does not impact the generic features of ICMEs, there are more extreme events during the active part of the cycle, widening the distributions of all parameters. Finally, we find that ICMEs with or without a detected magnetic cloud show similar profiles, which confirms the hypothesis that ICMEs with no detected magnetic clouds are crossed further away from the flux rope core. Such a study provides a generic understanding of processes that shape the overall features of ICMEs in the solar wind and can be extended with future missions at different locations in the solar system.
Influence of the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure on the Ion Precipitation: MAVEN Observations and Simulation Results
Authors: Martinez A. , Modolo R. , Leblanc F. , Chaufray J. Y. , Witasse O. , Romanelli N. , Dong Y. , Hara T. , Halekas J. , Lillis R. , McFadden J. , Eparvier F. , Leclercq L. , Luhmann J. , Curry S. , Jakosky B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe discuss the influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the ion precipitation using observations performed by MAVEN from 4 June 2014 to 20 July 2017. The increase of the dynamic pressure from 0.63 to 1.44 nPa is clearly associated with an increase of the same order of magnitude of the precipitating oxygen ion energy flux measured by MAVEN/STATIC from 9.9 to 20.6 × 106 eV · cm−2 · sr−1 · s−1 at low energy (from 30 to 650 eV). In the same way, from 650 to 25,000 eV, MAVEN/SWIA (all species) observed an increase from 22.4 to 42.8 × 107eV · cm−2 · sr−1 · s−1 of the precipitating ion energy flux. Performing two simulations using the average solar wind conditions for both solar dynamic pressure regimes observed by MAVEN as input of the LatHyS model (LATMOS Hybrid Simulation), we reproduce some of the key characteristics of the observed oxygen ion precipitation. We characterize the oxygen ions simulated by LatHyS by their energy and time of impact, their time of injection in the simulation and initial position, and the mechanism by which these ions were created. The model suggests that the main cause of the increase of the heavy ion precipitation during an increase of the solar dynamic pressure is the increase of the ion production by charge exchange, proportional to the increase of the solar wind flux, which becomes the main contribution to the ion precipitation at high energy.
Anisotropic Vorticity Within Bursty Bulk Flow Turbulence
Authors: Zhang L. Q. , Lui A. T. Y. , Baumjohann W. , Wang Chi , Burch James L. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUtilizing Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observation in the tail plasma sheet, we study the vorticity field (ω = ∇ × V) of the plasma bulk (convective) velocity within the bursty bulk flow (BBF) in detailed. Two typical events are presented. In the event on 25 June 2017, Ey is the main component. In the other event on 6 July 2017, Ez is the main component. For both cases, the BBF electric field is dominated by the convective electric field (Ec = − V × B). Our case studies show clearly the existence of the convective vorticity field within the BBF. The vorticity field has prominent anisotropy (quantified by the anisotropic angle (θaa = arctan(ω⊥/ω∥)). More often, the BBF ω field has stronger perpendicular vorticity (ω⊥) than the parallel vorticity (ω∥). The dominance of vorticity by ω⊥‐dominating BBF is confirmed in the statistical sense. In particular, event on 25 June shows the significant evolution of the ion flux energy with the strength of the ω field. The strong ω field corresponds to the ion flux enhancement at high energy (above 10 keV), while the weak ω field corresponds to the ion flux enhancement at medium energy (2–5 keV). Investigation of the subset of channel from fast plasma investigation partial moment measurement reveals that the ion behaviors in the strong and decayed BBFs are distinctly different. The channeled ions form the narrow band distribution in the strong BBF but the multiple‐layer distribution in the weak BBF. Finally, spectrum analysis indicates that the BBF ω⊥ and ω∥ have a similar scaling about −2.0 (below 0.2 Hz).