bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable two-dimensional Kerr and Raman–Kerr frequency combs in microbottle resonators with selectable dispersion
Authors: Jin Xueying , Xu Xin , Gao Haoran , Wang Keyi , Xia Haojie , Yu Liandong 
Published: December 2020

We report a broadband two-dimensional (2D) Kerr and Raman–Kerr frequency comb generation in a silica bottle resonator accounting for azimuthal and axial degrees of freedom and pioneer a method that allows for controlled and reversible switching between a four wave mixing (FWM) state and a stimulated Raman scattering state. The repetition rate of the Raman–Kerr comb is not an integer number of the free spectral range, which spans more than 242 nm with hundreds of teeth. We show that, experimentally and numerically, multiple 2D comb regimes can be selectively accessed via dispersion engineering by exciting different orders of axial modes or modifying the curvature of the axial profile, involving cascaded FWM, Raman lasing, and Raman-assisted FWM. The effect of axial curvature on dispersion is associated with the axial mode number in bottle resonators. Our approach enables dispersion and spectral engineering flexibility in any resonator with localized axial modes.
Resonant transparency of a planar anapole metamaterial at terahertz frequencies
Authors: Li Xiangjun , Yin Jie , Liu Jianjun , Shu Fangzhou , Lang Tingting , Jing Xufeng , Hong Zhi 
Published: December 2020

Anapole metamaterials have attracted growing attention in recent years due to their unique nonradiating and nontrivial properties. Although anapole modes have been demonstrated in metamaterials with three-dimensional structures, the design and realization of planar anapole metamaterials in a wide frequency range is still a big challenge. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a planar anapole metamaterial consisting of dumbbell-shaped apertures on a stainless-steel sheet at terahertz frequencies. The planar metamaterial can generate a resonant transparency in the terahertz spectrum due to the excitation of the anapole mode. Particularly, the frequency of anapole-induced resonant transparency can be tuned easily in the range of 0.15–0.93 THz by simply varying one geometric parameter of the dumbbell apertures. We anticipate that the resonant transparency in planar anapole metamaterials can be potentially used in filters, sensors, or other photonic devices.
Impact of knowledge and attitude on the utilization rate of cervical cancer screening tests among Ethiopian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kassie Ayelign Mengesha , Abate Biruk Beletew , Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Aragie Teshome Gebremeskel , Geleta Bonsa Amsalu , Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionCervical cancer is a major public health problem, particularly in resource-limited settings. The use of vaccination and screening tests has reduced the burden of cervical cancer in developed countries. However, the situation is quite the reverse in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the pooled impact of knowledge and attitude on the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization rates among Ethiopian women.MethodsStudies that examined cervical cancer screening service utilization among women in Ethiopia were searched from five international databases. Cochran’s Q chi-square and the I-squared test statistics were used to check the presence of heterogeneity among the included studies. The funnel plot and Egger’s regression tests were also used to assess the presence of publication bias. A weighted DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was employed. Subgroup analysis was performed by the study population concerning the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization rates. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled estimates. Data analysis was performed using STATA™ Version 14 software.ResultsA total of 44 studies with 28,186 study participants were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization was 8.11% (95% CI: 7.26, 8.97). After adjustment for publication bias with the trim and fill analysis, the estimated prevalence rate appeared to be 5.47% (95% CI: 4.66, 6.28). The prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization was higher among HIV-positive women, 16.85%, and in studies conducted among health care workers, 10.24%, than the general population. The pooled effect of knowledge on the utilization of cervical cancer screening tests among Ethiopian women was statistically significant (AOR=3.20, 95% CI: 1.63, 6.31). Similarly, the pooled estimated odds of utilizing cervical cancer screening tests were 6.1 times higher (AOR=6.09, 95% CI: 1.09, 34.36) among women who had a favorable attitude towards the screening tests.ConclusionKnowledge and attitude had a significant impact on the prevalence of cervical cancer screening test utilization rates among women in Ethiopia. However, the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization among Ethiopian women is very low. Hence, large-scale awareness programs and situation-based strategies need to be designed to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening services in the country.
Timeliness of immunisation with the pentavalent vaccine at different levels of the health care system in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hefele Lisa , Syphan Sengdavanh , Xayavong Dalouny , Homsana Anousin , Kleine Daria , Chanthavilay Phetsavanh , Nouanthong Phonethipsavanh , Xaydalasouk Kinnaly , Phathammavong Outavong , Billamay Somxay , Xeuatvongsa Anonh , Reinharz Daniel , Black Antony P. , Muller Claude P. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe timely administration of vaccines is considered to be important for both individual and herd immunity. In this study, we investigated the timeliness of the diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzaetype b (pentavalent) vaccine, scheduled at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. We also investigated factors associated with delayed immunization.Methods1162 children aged 8–28 months who had received the full course of the pentavalent vaccine at different levels of the health care system were enrolled. Vaccination dates documented in hospital records and/or immunisation cards were recorded. Age at vaccination and time intervals between doses were calculated. Predictors for timely completion with the pentavalent vaccine at 24 weeks were assessed by bivariate and multivariable analyses.ResultsSeveral discrepancies in dates between vaccination documents were observed. In general, vaccination with the pentavalent vaccine was found to be delayed, especially in health care settings below the provincial hospital level. Compared to the central hospital level, less participants who were vaccinated at the district/health center level received the third dose by 16 (48% at the central hospital level vs. 7.1% at the district and 12.4% at the health center level) and 24 weeks of age (94.4% at the central hospital level vs 64.6% at the district-outreach and 57.4% at the health center level) respectively. In logistic regression analyses, lower education level of the mother as well as vaccination by outreach service, were independently associated with delayed completion of vaccination.ConclusionWe observed a general delay of vaccination, especially at lower ranked facilities, which correlated with indicators of poor access to health services. This highlights the need for further improving health equity in rural areas. Age-appropriate vaccination should become a quality indicator for the national immunization programme. In addition, we recommend further training of the health care staff regarding the importance of reliable documentation of dates.
Prevalence of anxiety towards COVID-19 and its associated factors among healthcare workers in a Hospital of Ethiopia
Authors: Kibret Simegnew , Teshome Diriba , Fenta Efrem , Hunie Metages , Tamire Tadese 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. Healthcare workers are directly involved in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19.This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety and its associated factors towards the COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers in a Hospital of Ethiopia.MethodsA Hospital-based survey study was conducted on a total of 305 Healthcare workers in a Hospital of Ethiopia. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze data between independent variables with anxiety. Variables with a p-value of <0.2 were transformed into multivariate analysis. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI, p-values of <0.05 were used to show the strength of association and level of significance.ResultsThe prevalence of CVID-19 anxiety was 63%. In multivariate logistic regression, age of 30–39 (AOR, 3.05; 95% CI, (1.70, 5.47) and age of ≥40 (AOR, 11.32; 95% CI (3.37, 37.98), being married (AOR, 3.56; 95% CI, (2.30, 6.38), having chronic illness (AOR, 3.43; 95% CI, (1.59,7.43), having suspected COVID-19 family members (AOR, 5.20; 95% CI, (2.11, 12.78), and not having an access to PPEs (AOR, 2.55; 95% CI, (1.43, 4.56) were statistically significantly associated with anxiety.ConclusionBeing married, having a chronic illness, having suspected COVID-19 family members, not having access to PPEs, and age greater than or equal to 30 years were identified as risk factors for anxiety of Healthcare Workers towards COVID-19.
Emphysematous Gastritis in a Transplant Recipient With Clostridium ventriculi Infection
Authors: St. Michel David Patrick , Borth Amy , Rubin Jonah , Goussous Naeem , Twaddell William , Malik Saad , Barth Rolf 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Clostridium ventriculi is a rare infection in poorly controlled diabetic patients with a history of gastroparesis. We present the first documented case in a transplant recipient, who underwent a simultaneous liver kidney transplant. Computed tomography showed emphysematous gastritis, endoscopy revealed gastric necrosis, and microscopy confirmed the diagnosis. Operative intervention was high risk, given the previous liver transplant. Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor treatment with repeat endoscopy at 4 days showed resolution of gastric necrosis and elimination of microscopic evidence of infection. Combination antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor therapy may be an effective treatment for this rare, life-threatening infection.
Gut microbiota is an endocrine organ
Authors: Demidova Tatiana Y. , Lobanova Kristina G. , Oynotkinova Olga S. 
Published: December 2020

The gut microbiota affects the processes of food digestion, intestinal peristalsis, controls the work of the intestinal epithelium, has protective properties against pathogenic microorganisms, activating local immunity and stimulating the secretion of mucus by intestinal cells. Besides the gut microbiota participates in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, mediates the processes of gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipogenesis and lipolysis, and affects on feelings of hunger and satiety. All these processes occur because the gut microbiota produces active metabolites throughout their life activity. Gut microbiota and active metabolites of the gut microbiota activate the synthesis of hormones. The gut microbiota affects the synthesis of hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, YY-peptide, glucose-dependent insu-linotropic peptide, ghrelin, leptin, cholecystokinin, serotonin, and insulin. Disturbance of the secretion of these hormones is one of the links in the pathogenesis of endocrine diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Thus, the gut microbiota is an endocrine organ. Changes in the composition and functions of the gut microbiota lead to metabolic disorders.This article describes the effect of gut germs and active metabolites of the gut microbiota on the synthesis hormones by means of receptor mechanisms, genes, and enzymes.
Comparative assessment of energy metabolism, body composition and metabolic features in children with hypothalamic and simple obesity
Authors: Okorokov Pavel L. , Kalinin Alexey L. , Strebkova Natalia A. , Kareva Maria A. , Vasyukova Olga V. , Peterkova Valentina A. , Bezlepkina Olga B. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Hypothalamic obesity often develops after surgical treatment of craniopharyngioma and is characterized by rapid weight gain, high frequency of metabolic disorders, body composition specificity and resistance to standard lifestyle modification approaches and medication therapy of obesity. Recent studies show that one of the mechanisms, explaining weight gain in these children is decrease in resting energy expenditure (REE).Aims: To compare REE, body composition parameters, and the frequency of metabolic disorders in children with hypothalamic and simple obesity.Materials and methods: The study included 60 obese children aged 7 to 17 years, divided into two groups. The study group included 20 children with hypothalamic obesity, developed after craniopharyngioma treatment. The control group consisted of 40 children with simple obesity. Body composition, REE, and metabolic disorders were associated in all children.Results: Children with hypothalamic obesity showed a significant decrease of resting energy expenditure. The average decrease in REE was 13.1%, but in single patients it reached 33.4%. The percentage of fat mass in hypothalamic and simple obesity does not differ significantly (39.7% [36.2; 42.6] vs 38.8 % [35.9; 43.2]; p=0.69). Screening for metabolic disorders revealed a high prevalence of metabolic disorders in hypothalamic obesity: impaired glucose tolerance - in 10%; dyslipidemia - 55%, insulin resistance-50%, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - 60 %.Conclusions: Children with hypothalamic obesity showed a significant decrease of resting energy expenditure. When planning a diet in this group of patients it is preferable to use indirect calorimetry. Hypothalamic obesity even at an early age is associated with a high frequency of metabolic disturbance. Hypothalamic obesity in children is not associated with more pronounced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance compared to the simple obesity.
Hereditary cancer syndromes: a modern paradigm
Authors: Baranova Elena E. , Bodunova Natalia A. , Vorontsova Мaria V. , Zakharova Galina S. , Makarova Maria V. , Rumyantsev Pavel O. , Hat'kov Igor E. 
Published: December 2020

About 5–10% of malignant neoplasms (MN) are hereditary. Carriers of mutations associated with hereditary tumor syndromes (HTS) are at high risk of developing tumors in childhood and young age and synchronous and metachronous multiple tumors. At the same time, this group of diseases remains mainly an oncological problem, and clinical decisions are made only when MNs are detected in carriers of pathogenic mutations.Individual recommendations for cancer screening, treatment, and prevention should be developed for carriers of mutations associated with HTS to prevent an adverse outcome of the disease. It is essential to identify patients at risk by doctors of all specialties for further referral to medical and genetic counseling with molecular genetic testing (in case of indications). The problems of standardization of enrollment criteria for genetic tests, further tactics of prevention, screening, and treatment of many hereditary oncological diseases remain unsolved.This review was created to inform doctors of various specialties, including endocrinologists, about the HTS. This allows them to get acquainted with main clinical features of specific syndromes, helps to understand the difference between hereditary and non-hereditary cancer, recognize signs of hereditary cancer, and introduce the indications for genetic examination and genetic counseling of the patient. Also, significant differences between international and domestic recommendations on screening measures, diagnosis, and treatment of HTS underline the need to review the existing and develop new algorithms for medical support of patients with HTS.
Telomere biology and metabolic disorders: the role of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dudinskaya Ekaterina N. , Tkacheva Olga N. , Brailova Natalia V. , Strazhesko Irina D. , Shestakova Marina V. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance accelerates the aging process, but its speed depends on the individual characteristics of the metabolism. One of the reasons for the different aging rates in individuals with insulin resistance is the initially different “genetic protection” of cells, which many scientists associate with replicative cellular aging.AIMS: to study the relationship between the state of carbohydrate metabolism and markers of replicative cell aging in individuals with different sensitivity to insulin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The observation study included 305 patients. The parameters of glucose metabolism and telomere biology were studied.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51.5±13.3 years. Patients were divided into three groups depending on presence of insulin resistance: healthy, with insulin resistance and with type 2 diabetes. The mean age of healthy patients was 48.82±13.87 years, in insulin resistance group — 53.04±12.8, in 2 diabetes mellitus — 58.4±7.90. The median telomere length was 9.76. The median telomerase activity was 0.48. Both telomere length and telomerase activity progressively decrease as insulin resistance increases. In patients with diabetes, short telomere lengths and low telomerase activity predominated. The insulin resistance index has the greatest impact on the risk of detecting “short” telomeres. In patients with insulin resistance, an increase in glycated hemoglobin increases the likelihood of detecting short telomeres by 2.4 times, and in diabetes mellitus by 4.26 times, an increase in fasting plasma glucose by 90%, and an increase in HOMA-IR by 35%. An increase in insulin resistance increases the risk of detecting «low» telomerase activity by 53% and the risk of detecting «very low» telomerase activity by 92%. A decrease in synsulin resistance increases the chance of increasing telomerase activity to «very high» by 51%.CONCLUSION: Shorter telomeres are associated with more pronounced disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and a higher degree of insulin resistance. Further studies of metabolic status are necessary to personalize their lifestyle and treatment goals.
Transient hyperinsulinism in neonates
Authors: Bolmasova Anna V. , Melikyan Maria A. , Krylova Natalya A. , Ionov Oleg V. , Ryumina Irina I. , Bockeria Ekaterina L. , Pekareva Natalya A. , Degtyareva Anna V. 
Published: December 2020

Congenital hyperinsulinusm is rare disease characterized high secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta cells leading to the development of hypoglycemia. Persistent and transient forms of hyperinsulinism are distinguished. Transient hyperinsulinism are the most common cause of severe hypoglycemia in newborns. The etiology of this disease is not known. There are risk factors for the development of transient hyperinsulinism: asphyxia at birth, prematurity, maternal diabetes, low or large weight by gestation. Hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinism is severe. Therefore, early diagnosis and therapy especially during the neonatal period, are necessary.The article describes 3 clinical cases of transient hyperinsulinism in children with different gestational age and concomitant pathology. All children recevied insulinostatic therapy with diazoxide with a positive effect: euglycemia without glucose requirement . In all children, therapy was completed subsequently. At the time of publication of the article, the physical and psychomotor development of children is normal.
Arte y apropiación del espacio en una asamblea barrial platense (Buenos Aires)
Authors: Capasso Verónica Cecilia 
Published: December 2020

En este artículo, se propone analizar las prácticas artísticas en el espacio público de la Asamblea Vecinal Parque Castelli en la post inundación de la ciudad de La Plata (Buenos Aires) y la disputa por dicho espacio, principalmente con la Municipalidad. El foco estará puesto en el espacio barrial, lugar donde se situaron las prácticas artísticas de la Asamblea. Se partió de una metodología cualitativa y desde una perspectiva teórica transdisciplinar, lo cual implica una mirada compleja de la relación entre el proceso político social y las producciones artísticas. Se recurrió a la observación participante y no participante, entrevistas semi estructuradas a asambleístas y un diseño metodológico transdisciplinario compuesto por los aportes de la sociología urbana, los estudios sociales del arte y la geografía política. Las prácticas simbólico-materiales de reapropiación y construcción del espacio público aquí analizadas visibilizaron conflictos, antagonismos y otras formas de concebir y construir dicho espacio. En este sentido, el espacio urbano, en tanto construcción social en la que se entretejen lo material y lo simbólico, se desatan multiplicidad de demandas, proyectos y dinámicas sociales, entre ellas las propuestas artístico-culturales.
Procesos comunitarios y psicosociales vinculados al terremoto de Nicoya, Guanacaste, del 5 de setiembre de 2012 en Costa Rica
Authors: Carranza Morales Marco Eduardo , Escalante Meza Jimena 
Published: December 2020

Introducción
El presente artículo surge a partir de un proyecto de investigación que se desarrolló en varias comunidades de la Península de Nicoya tras el terremoto del 5 de setiembre del 2012. Dicho proceso de investigación también se articuló como parte del seguimiento comunitario y abordaje que realizó la Brigada de acompañamiento psicosocial en situaciones de emergencias y desastres de la Escuela de Psicología al momento del evento. Particularmente se presenta la experiencia desde la memoria colectiva de la comunidad de Santa Teresa de Cóbano, Puntarenas. [Continúa leyendo en el artículo]
La mirada de la Third World Women’s Alliance ante el contexto mundial (1960-1970)
Authors: Busquier Lucía María 
Published: December 2020

Introducción
Este escrito forma parte de una investigación mayor en la que indagué en profundidad la historia y la totalidad de las definiciones políticas de la Third World Women’s Alliance (TWWA), organización que se autopercibía como de mujeres del Tercer Mundo, radicada en California y Nueva York entre los años 1970 y 1975.
Objetivo principal
Analizar el perfil internacionalista y antiimperialista junto con su definición sobre el Tercer Mundo, teniendo en cuenta el contexto de guerras y procesos de descolonización que sucedieron en las décadas de los sesenta y setenta en las regiones de Asia, África y América Latina.
Método y técnica
A partir de la publicación periódica Triple Jeopardy: Racism, Imperialism, Sexism impulsada por la TWWA, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de fuentes documentales escritas. Para este escrito se utilizaron 10 números de un total de 16 publicaciones. Las variables de análisis empleadas fueron: concepción del Tercer Mundo por parte de la TWWA; EE.UU. y sus políticas imperialistas; la posición antiimperialista de la TWWA; y qué lugar ocupaban las mujeres del Tercer Mundo en las luchas antiimperialistas.
Resultados
La TWWA adquirió una postura antiimperialista ya que, según la misma, el imperialismo era una de las opresiones que enfrentaban, junto con el sexismo y el racismo.
[CONTINUA LEYENDO EN EL ARTÍCULO]