bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence Model
Authors: Lewczuk Karol , Glica Agnieszka , Nowakowska Iwona , Gola Mateusz , Grubbs Joshua B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
To date, multiple models of problematic pornography use have been proposed, but attempts to validate them have been scarce.

Aim
In our study, we aimed to evaluate the Pornography Problems due to Moral Incongruence model proposing that self-appraisals of pornography addiction stem from (i) general dysregulation, (ii) habits of use, and (iii) moral incongruence between internalized norms and behavior. We investigated whether the model can be used to adequately explain the self-perceptions of addiction to pornography (model 1) and a broader phenomenon of problematic pornography use (model 2).

Methods
An online, nationally representative study was conducted on a sample of 1036 Polish adult participants, of whom, 880 declared a lifetime history of viewing pornography.

Main Outcome Measure
The outcomes were self-perceived pornography addiction, problematic pornography use, avoidant coping, frequency of pornography use, religiosity, moral disapproval of pornography, and related variables.

Results
Our results indicated that avoidant coping (an indicator of general dysregulation), frequency of pornography use (indicator of habits of use), and the distress connected with incongruence between own sexual behavior and internalized norms, attitudes and beliefs positively contributed to self-perceived addiction (model 1) as well as problematic pornography use (model 2). This broadly confirms the basic shape of the PPMI model. There were, however, notable differences between the models. Moral incongruence related distress was only weakly related to self-perceived addiction (β = 0.15, P &lt; .001), with a stronger relation for problematic pornography use (β = 0.31, P &lt; .001). When controlling for other factors, religiosity weakly predicted problematic pornography use (β = 0.13, P &lt; .001), but not self-perceived addiction to pornography (β = 0.03, P = .368). Frequency of pornography use was the strongest predictor of both self-perceived addiction (β = 0.52, P &lt; .001) and problematic pornography use (β = 0.43, P &lt; .001).

Clinical Implications
Factors proposed within the PPMI model are distinctly relevant intervention targets, and they should be considered in the process of diagnosis and treatment.

Strengths & Limitations
The presented study is the first to evaluate PPMI model. Its main limitation is that it has a cross-sectional design.

Conclusion
The PPMI model is a promising framework for investigating the factors related to self-perceived addiction and problematic pornography use. Despite the differences between the models and in the strength of specific predictors, (i) dysregulation, (ii) habits of use, and (iii) moral incongruence all uniquely contribute to self-perceived addiction and problematic pornography use.
Dominant symbiotic bacteria associated with wild medfly populations reveal a bacteriocin-like killing phenotype: a ‘cold-case’ study
Authors: Ciolfi Silvia , Marri Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe gut of the agricultural pest Ceratitis capitata hosts a varied community of bacteria, mainly Enterobacteriaceae, that were implicated in several processes that increase the fitness of the insect. In this study, we investigated the antagonistic activity in vitro of Klebsiella oxytoca strains isolated in the 1990s from the alimentary tract of wild medflies collected from different varieties of fruit trees at diverse localities. Assays were carried out against reference strains (representative of Gram-negative and -positive bacterial species) of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Eight Klebsiella, out of 11, expressed a killing activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 23739, and Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047; among the eight strains, at least one showed activity against Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 23853. Genomic DNA derived from all Klebsiella strains was then subjected to PCR amplification using specific primer pairs designed from each of the four bacteriocin (KlebB, C, D, CCL) sequences found so far in Klebsiella. KlebD primer pairs were the only to produce a single product for all strains expressing the killing phenotype in vitro. One of the amplicons was cloned and sequenced; the DNA sequence shows 93% identity with a plasmid-carried colicin-D gene of a strain of Klebsiella michiganensis, and 86% identity with the sequence encoding for the klebicin D activity protein in K. oxytoca. Our work provides the first evidence that dominant symbiotic bacteria associated with wild medfly populations express a killing phenotype that may mediate inter and intraspecies competition among bacterial populations in the insect gut in vivo.
An outbreak of monophasicSalmonellaTyphimurium associated with raw pork sausage and other pork products, Denmark 2018–19
Authors: Helmuth I. G. , Espenhain L. , Ethelberg S. , Jensen T. , Kjeldgaard J. , Litrup E. , Schjørring S. , Müller L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn Denmark, outbreaks of salmonella with more than 20 cases have become rare. In November 2018, an outbreak of monophasicSalmonellaTyphimurium was detected and an investigation initiated with the aim of identifying the source and controlling the outbreak. Outbreak cases were defined based on core genome multilocus sequence types. We conducted hypothesis-generating interviews, a matched case-control study, food sampling and trace-back investigations. We identified 49 cases distributed across Denmark. In univariable analyses a traditional form of raw Danish pork sausage (medister sausage), pork chops and ground veal/pork showed matched odds ratio of 26 (95% CI 3–207), 4 (95% CI 1–13) and 4 (95% CI 1–10), respectively. In a multivariable analysis, only medister sausage remained significant. Several patients described tasting or eating the sausage raw or undercooked. Samples of medister sausage analysed were negative for salmonella and investigations at the production site did not reveal the mechanism of contamination. In conclusion, in spite of having eliminated salmonella in the egg and broiler industry, Denmark is still at risk of major salmonella outbreaks. We identified a raw pork sausage as a particular risk product that needs to be thoroughly cooked before consumption. Tasting raw meat or eating undercooked pork should be discouraged.
Commentary on “Insights into the Major Processes Driving the Global Distribution of Copper in the Ocean From a Global 3‐D Model” by Camille Richon and Alessandro Tagliabue
Authors: Moffett James W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe distribution of copper in the oceanic water column is simple but surprisingly difficult to explain. It is biologically active, but its distribution is remarkably similar to thorium‐ 230, whose removal is dominated by reversible scavenging throughout the water column. In this issue, Richon and Tagliabue present results of a global three‐dimensional physical biogeochemical model that shows that reversible scavenging is indeed the major mechanism responsible for Cu distribution. The model provides a high degree of resolution, revealing regional differences in Cu distribution. Model predictions compared remarkably well to the large database from the international GEOTRACES. That success highlights the value of detailed sectional surveys in understanding the controls on trace element distributions in the oceans. The model shows that Cu diverges from true nutrient‐like elements like zinc because organic complexation limits biological uptake by phytoplankton. However, their model also shows that some fraction of organic complexes are biologically available. Perhaps the most provocative outcome of the study is their claim that riverine fluxes of copper are much higher than previous estimates, resulting in a tenfold decrease in Cu residence time. The difference arises from a different way of estimating Cu fluxes than previous workers. They calculated Cu fluxes from estimates of Fe fluxes in a previous model study by applying a universal Cu:Fe ratio. This assumption may prove controversial but demonstrates that more information is required to decrease uncertainties in river flux data to model trace metals in the oceans and to exploit the opportunities created by GEOTRACES.
The Seismic Signature of Upper‐Mantle Plumes: Application to the Northern East African Rift
Authors: Civiero Chiara , Armitage John J. , Goes Saskia , Hammond James O. S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral seismic and numerical studies proposed that below some hotspots upper‐mantle plumelets rise from a thermal boundary layer below 660 km depth, fed by a deeper plume source. We recently found tomographic evidence of multiple upper‐mantle upwellings, spaced by several 100 km, rising through the transition zone below the northern East African Rift. To better test this interpretation, we run 3‐D numerical simulations of mantle convection for Newtonian and non‐Newtonian rheologies, for both thermal instabilities rising from a lower boundary layer, and the destabilization of a thermal anomaly placed at the base of the box (700–800 km depth). The thermal structures are converted to seismic velocities using a thermodynamic approach. Resolution tests are then conducted for the same P and S data distribution and inversion parameters as our traveltime tomography. The Rayleigh Taylor models predict simultaneous plumelets in different stages of evolution rising from a hot layer located below the transition zone, resulting in seismic structure that looks more complex than the simple vertical cylinders that are often anticipated. From the wide selection of models tested, we find that the destabilization of a 200 °C, 100 km thick thermal anomaly with a non‐Newtonian rheology, most closely matches the magnitude and the spatial and temporal distribution of the anomalies below the rift. Finally, we find that for reasonable upper‐mantle viscosities, the synthetic plume structures are similar in scale and shape to the actual low‐velocity anomalies, providing further support for the existence of upper‐mantle plumelets below the northern East African Rift.
Geodynamics of Anatolia: Lithosphere Thermal Structure and Thickness
Authors: Artemieva Irina M. , Shulgin Alexey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present the first thermal model for the lithosphere in Turkey, which shows a highly heterogeneous pattern associated with mosaics of the Tethyan and modern subduction systems. We calculate a regionally average crustal density of 2.90 g/cm3 consistent with the presence of large volumes of mafic material. The Moho temperature with a regionally average value of 650–850 °C shows strong short‐wavelength variations. Lithosphere thinning to 50–75 km in most of western Anatolia may have developed in response to the Hellenic slab rollback, while the Neoproterozoic block in the Menderes Massif preserves a 150 km deep lithosphere root. In central Anatolia, the lithosphere thickness decreases southward from 100–150 to 50–60 km along a linear belt of young basaltic volcanism, followed by a belt of a 150 km thick lithosphere. We interpret this characteristic pattern by a SE dipping paleoslab beneath the western Taurides, which may cause the Cyprus subduction melting zone to deviate toward NW and NE. The Eastern Pontides‐Lesser Caucasus have 150–200 km thick lithosphere roots caused by collisional tectonics. The East Anatolian Plateau is underlain by a 80–140 km thick lithosphere, which suggests the presence of significant continental fragments; the patchy pattern of its thermal heterogeneity may be explained by teared and fragmented Tethyan slabs. A poor correlation between the lithosphere thermal structure, heat flux, the Neogene volcanic regions, and mantle seismic velocities implies that seismic anomalies are essentially controlled by heterogeneous mantle hydration by subduction systems of different ages and cannot be explained by temperature variations alone.
The rise and fall of MRI studies in major depressive disorder
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Li Gongying , Lin Xiaodong , Jiang Deguo , Xu Yong , Tian Hongjun , Wang Wenqiang , Song Xueqin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStructural and functional brain alterations are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this review, we assessed the recent literature (1995–2018) on the structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of MDD. Despite the growing number of MRI studies on MDD, reverse inference is not possible as MRI scans cannot be used to aid in the diagnosis or treatment planning of patients with MDD. Hence, researchers must develop “bridges” to overcome the reverse inference fallacy in order to build effective tools for MDD diagnostics. From our findings, we proposed that the “bridges” may be built using multidisciplinary technologies, such as artificial intelligence, multimodality imaging, and nanotheranostics, allowing for the further study of MDD at the biological level. In return, the “bridges” will aid in the development of future diagnostics for MDD and other mental disorders.
Quantum nanophotonics with group IV defects in diamond
Authors: Bradac Carlo , Gao Weibo , Forneris Jacopo , Trusheim Matthew E. , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiamond photonics is an ever-growing field of research driven by the prospects of harnessing diamond and its colour centres as suitable hardware for solid-state quantum applications. The last two decades have seen the field shaped by the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre with both breakthrough fundamental physics demonstrations and practical realizations. Recently however, an entire suite of other diamond defects has emerged—group IV colour centres—namely the Si-, Ge-, Sn- and Pb-vacancies. In this perspective, we highlight the leading techniques for engineering and characterizing these diamond defects, discuss the current state-of-the-art group IV-based devices and provide an outlook of the future directions the field is taking towards the realisation of solid-state quantum photonics with diamond.
ASCL1 is a MYCN- and LMO1-dependent member of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry
Authors: Wang Lu , Tan Tze King , Durbin Adam D. , Zimmerman Mark W. , Abraham Brian J. , Tan Shi Hao , Ngoc Phuong Cao Thi , Weichert-Leahey Nina , Akahane Koshi , Lawton Lee N. , Rokita Jo Lynne , Maris John M. , Young Richard A. , Look A. Thomas , Sanda Takaomi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA heritable polymorphism within regulatory sequences of the LMO1 gene is associated with its elevated expression and increased susceptibility to develop neuroblastoma, but the oncogenic pathways downstream of the LMO1 transcriptional co-regulatory protein are unknown. Our ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses reveal that a key gene directly regulated by LMO1 and MYCN is ASCL1, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Regulatory elements controlling ASCL1 expression are bound by LMO1, MYCN and the transcription factors GATA3, HAND2, PHOX2B, TBX2 and ISL1—all members of the adrenergic (ADRN) neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry (CRC). ASCL1 is required for neuroblastoma cell growth and arrest of differentiation. ASCL1 and LMO1 directly regulate the expression of CRC genes, indicating that ASCL1 is a member and LMO1 is a coregulator of the ADRN neuroblastoma CRC.
Direct observation of imploded core heating via fast electrons with super-penetration scheme
Authors: Gong T. , Habara H. , Sumioka K. , Yoshimoto M. , Hayashi Y. , Kawazu S. , Otsuki T. , Matsumoto T. , Minami T. , Abe K. , Aizawa K. , Enmei Y. , Fujita Y. , Ikegami A. , Makiyama H. , Okazaki K. , Okida K. , Tsukamoto T. , Arikawa Y. , Fujioka S. , Iwasa Y. , Lee S. , Nagatomo H. , Shiraga H. , Yamanoi K. , Wei M. S. , Tanaka K. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFast ignition (FI) is a promising approach for high-energy-gain inertial confinement fusion in the laboratory. To achieve ignition, the energy of a short-pulse laser is required to be delivered efficiently to the pre-compressed fuel core via a high-energy electron beam. Therefore, understanding the transport and energy deposition of this electron beam inside the pre-compressed core is the key for FI. Here we report on the direct observation of the electron beam transport and deposition in a compressed core through the stimulated Cu Kα emission in the super-penetration scheme. Simulations reproducing the experimental measurements indicate that, at the time of peak compression, about 1% of the short-pulse energy is coupled to a relatively low-density core with a radius of 70 μm. Analysis with the support of 2D particle-in-cell simulations uncovers the key factors improving this coupling efficiency. Our findings are of critical importance for optimizing FI experiments in a super-penetration scheme.
Accentuated osseointegration in osteogenic nanofibrous coated titanium implants
Authors: Das Siddhartha , Dholam Kanchan , Gurav Sandeep , Bendale Kiran , Ingle Arvind , Mohanty Bhabani , Chaudhari Pradip , Bellare Jayesh R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnchoring of endosseous implant through osseointegration continues to be an important clinical need. Here, we describe the development of superior endosseous implant demonstrating enhance osseointegration, achieved through surface modification via coating of osteogenic nanofibres. The randomized bio-composite osteogenic nanofibres incorporating polycaprolactone, gelatin, hydroxyapatite, dexamethasone, beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid were electrospun on titanium implants mimicking bone extracellular matrix and subsequently induced osteogenesis by targeting undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells present in the peri-implant niche to regenerate osseous tissue. In proof-of-concept experiment on rabbit study models (n = 6), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), histomorphometric analysis and biomechanical testing in relation to our novel osteogenic nanofibrous coated implants showed improved results when compared to uncoated controls. Further, no pathological changes were detected during gross examination and necropsy on peri-implant osseous tissues regenerated in response to such coated implants. The findings of the present study confirm that osteogenic nanofibrous coating significantly increases the magnitude of osteogenesis in the peri-implant zone and favours the dynamics of osseointegration.
Terahertz detection with an antenna-coupled highly-doped silicon quantum dot
Authors: Okamoto Takuya , Fujimura Naoki , Crespi Luca , Kodera Tetsuo , Kawano Yukio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanostructured dopant-based silicon (Si) transistors are promising candidates for high-performance photodetectors and quantum information devices. For highly doped Si with donor bands, the energy depth of donor levels and the energy required for tunneling processes between donor levels are typically on the order of millielectron volts, corresponding to terahertz (THz) photon energy. Owing to these properties, highly doped Si quantum dots (QDs) are highly attractive as THz photoconductive detectors. Here, we demonstrate THz detection with a lithographically defined and highly phosphorus-doped Si QD. We integrate a 40 nm-diameter QD with a micrometer-scale broadband logarithmic spiral antenna for the detection of THz photocurrent in a wide frequency range from 0.58 to 3.11 THz. Furthermore, we confirm that the detection sensitivity is enhanced by a factor of ~880 compared to a QD detector without an antenna. These results demonstrate the ability of a highly doped-Si QD coupled with an antenna to detect broadband THz waves. By optimizing the dopant distribution and levels, further performance improvements are feasible.
Tuning friction and slip at solid-nanoparticle suspension interfaces by electric fields
Authors: Acharya B. , Seed C. M. , Brenner D. W. , Smirnov A. I. , Krim J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report an experimental Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) study of tuning interfacial friction and slip lengths for aqueous suspensions of TiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles on planar platinum surfaces by external electric fields. Data were analyzed within theoretical frameworks that incorporate slippage at the QCM surface electrode or alternatively at the surface of adsorbed particles, yielding values for the slip lengths between 0 and 30 nm. Measurements were performed for negatively charged TiO2 and positively charged Al2O3 nanoparticles in both the absence and presence of external electric fields. Without the field the slip lengths inferred for the TiO2 suspensions were higher than those for the Al2O3 suspensions, a result that was consistent with contact angle measurements also performed on the samples. Attraction and retraction of particles perpendicular to the surface by means of an externally applied field resulted in increased and decreased interfacial friction levels and slip lengths. The variation was observed to be non-monotonic, with a profile attributed to the physical properties of interstitial water layers present between the nanoparticles and the platinum substrate.
A Gene–Environment Interaction Between Smoking and Gene polymorphisms Provides a High Risk of Two Subgroups of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Rivera Natalia V. , Patasova Karina , Kullberg Susanna , Diaz-Gallo Lina Marcela , Iseda Tomoko , Bengtsson Camilla , Alfredsson Lars , Eklund Anders , Kockum Ingrid , Grunewald Johan , Padyukov Leonid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe influence and effect of cigarette smoking in sarcoidosis is unclear. Here, we evaluated gene-environment interaction between multiple genetic variants including HLA genes and smoking in sarcoidosis defined by two clinical phenotypes, Löfgren’s syndrome (LS) and patients without Löfgren’s syndrome (non-LS). To quantify smoking effects in sarcoidosis, we performed a gene-environment interaction study in a Swedish population-based case-control study consisting of 3,713 individuals. Cases and controls were classified according to their cigarette smoking status and genotypes by Immunochip platform. Gene-smoking interactions were quantified by an additive interaction model using a logistic regression adjusted by sex, age and first two principal components. The estimated attributable proportion (AP) was used to quantify the interaction effect. Assessment of smoking effects with inclusion of genetic information revealed 53 (in LS) and 34 (in non-LS) SNP-smoking additive interactions at false discovery rate (FDR) below 5%. The lead signals interacting with smoking were rs12132140 (AP = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.22–0.90), p = 1.28e-03) in FCRL1 for LS and rs61780312 (AP = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.28–0.90), p = 3e-04) in IL23R for non-LS. We further identified 16 genomic loci (in LS) and 13 (in non-LS) that interact with cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that sarcoidosis risk is modulated by smoking due to genetic susceptibility. Therefore, patients having certain gene variants, are at a higher risk for the disease. Consideration of individual’s genetic predisposition is crucial to quantify effects of smoking in sarcoidosis.