bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etrasimod as a Monotherapy or With Concomitant Use of Corticosteroids and/or Aminosalicylates: Results From the ELEVATE UC Clinical Program
Authors: Yarur Andres J , Chiorean Michael V , Allegretti Jessica R , Cross Raymond K , Ha Christina , Goetsch Martina , McDonnell Aoibhinn , Dalam Alexis B , Wu Joseph , Blanco David A , Abbatemarco Arcangelo M , Panés Julian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Etrasimod is an oral, once daily (QD), selective sphingosine 1-phosphate1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed the benefit of etrasimod monotherapy and the impact of concomitant corticosteroids (CS) and/or 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) therapy.

Methods
In ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12, patients with moderately to severely active UC were randomized 2:1 to etrasimod 2 mg QD or placebo for 52 and 12 weeks, respectively. Oral CS or 5-ASA were allowed at baseline. Patients in the monotherapy subgroup received etrasimod or placebo without concomitant CS and/or 5-ASA at baseline. Predefined primary (clinical remission) and key secondary efficacy endpoints aligned with those from both trials and were assessed at Week 12 and Week 52. Safety was assessed up to Week 52.

Results
Clinical remission rates at Weeks 12 and 52 were significantly higher for etrasimod compared with placebo in patients receiving monotherapy (Week 12: 26.2% vs 4.8%; Week 52: 35.7% vs 4.0%). Differences vs placebo were statistically significant for all predefined endpoints at both time points in patients receiving monotherapy or etrasimod with concomitant 5-ASA only (all P &lt; .05); numerical differences, due to small sample sizes, vs placebo were observed for all endpoints in the CS only and CS + 5-ASA subgroups. Safety was consistent with the overall population.

Conclusions
Etrasimod monotherapy showed consistent efficacy and safety vs placebo; no apparent benefit was observed with concomitant CS and/or 5-ASA in patients receiving etrasimod.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03945188; NCT03996369.
Selecting High-Risk Patients With Pediatric Crohn’s Disease for Top-Down Anti-TNF as per the 2021 ECCO-ESPGHAN Guidelines: A 5-Year Nationwide Retrospective Analysis From Scotland (2016-2020)
Authors: Scott Gregor , Wands David I F , Wilson David C , Hansen Richard , Chalmers Iain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The 2021 ECCO-ESPGHAN guideline on the medical management of pediatric Crohn’s disease promotes early risk stratification and top-down anti-TNF for patients deemed high risk of severe disease course.

Aims
We aimed to objectively assess the risk-benefit profile of the guideline’s risk stratification policy and guidance on top-down anti-TNF in a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Methods
Using a prospectively identified nationwide cohort of all new pediatric patients (&lt;17 years) diagnosed with Crohn’s disease in Scotland between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020 and retrospectively applying the current management algorithm, we explored the guideline’s ability to accurately risk stratify patients. Phenotypic and treatment data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records with a maximum follow-up of 18 months post-diagnosis.

Results
Four hundred and eighteen children (258/418 [62%] male; median [interquartile range {IQR}] age at diagnosis: 13.2 [11.2-14.8] years) were included. High-risk phenotype was present in 224/418 (54%) with 53/224 (24%) of high-risk patients not requiring anti-TNF therapy within 18 months of diagnosis. Conversely, 78/194 (40%) of the low-risk group received anti-TNF within 18 months. High-risk patients were more likely to require anti-TNF (171/224 [76%] vs 78/194 [40%], P &lt; .001) and had shorter median (IQR) time to anti-TNF start (5.0 [1.0-8.0] months vs 6.5 [3.3-13.0] months, P = .01).

Conclusions
Our data support the guideline’s ability to identify patients more likely to require early treatment escalation. However, this approach would have led to potential over- and under-treatment in a substantial proportion of patients. This underscores the importance of frequent and comprehensive monitoring, along with flexible treatment strategies that adapt to changes in disease status.
Positive feedbacks in coastal reef social-ecological systems can maintain coral dominance
Authors: Pellowe Kara E , Durfort Anaëlle , Burkepile Deron E , Mouillot David , Lade Steven J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) and carbon cycling in reefs is critical for effective management. Research on reef nutrient and carbon cycling needs to account for (i) the contributions of multiple organisms, (ii) abiotic and biotic drivers, and (iii) a social-ecological perspective. In this paper, we review the mechanisms underlying nutrient and carbon cycling in reef social-ecological systems and analyse them using causal loop analysis. We identify direct and indirect pathways and feedback loops through nutrient and carbon cycles that shape the dominant benthic state of reefs: coral, algal, and sponge-dominated states. We find that two of three anthropogenic impact scenarios (size-selective fishing and land use change) have primarily negative consequences for coral and macroalgae via the nutrient and carbon cycles. A third scenario (runoff) has fewer negative impacts on sponges compared to other benthos. In all scenarios, frequent positive feedback loops (size-selective fishing: 7 of 12 loops; runoff: 6 of 9 loops; land use change: 8 of 11 loops) lead to system destabilization; however, the presence of multiple loops introduces avenues whereby reefs may retain coral dominance despite anthropogenic pressures. Context-specific information on the relative strength of loops will be necessary to predict future reef state.
A Characterization of Quasi-homogeneous Singularities of Free and Nearly Free Plane Curves
Authors: Andrade Aline V , Beorchia Valentina , Miró-Roig Rosa M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to establish a new characterization of quasi-homogeneous isolated singularities of free curves and nearly free curves $C$ in ${\mathbb{P}}_{\mathbb{C}}^{2}$. The criterion will be in terms of a first syzygy matrix associated with the Jacobian ideal $J_{f}$ of $f$, where $f=0$ is the equation of the plane curve $C$.
HVTN 123: A Phase 1, Randomized Trial Comparing Safety and Immunogenicity of CH505TF gp120 Produced by Stably and Transiently Transfected Cell Lines
Authors: Wilson Gregory J , Church L W Preston , Kelley Colleen F , Robinson Samuel T , Lu Yiwen , Furch Briana D , Fong Youyi , Paez Carmen A , Yacovone Margaret , Jacobsen Thomas , Maughan Maureen , Martik Diana , Heptinstall Jack R , Zhang Lu , Montefiori David C , Tomaras Georgia D , Kublin James G , Corey Lawrence 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Utilizing transiently transfected cell lines could significantly reduce manufacturing timelines for protein subunit vaccines. This trial compared safety and immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope CH505TF gp120 vaccines produced by upstream stable and transient transfection (each admixed with GLA-SE adjuvant, a TL4 agonist). Both vaccines were safe and well tolerated. Serum IgG binding antibody response rates 2 weeks after final injection were 92% in the stable group and 93% in the transient group (P = 1.000). Neutralization response rates against CH505.w4.3 were also equivalent (92% vs 100%, P = .291). These data support transient transfection as an available tool for accelerating HIV vaccine testing and iteration.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03856996.
The FAIR database: facilitating access to public health research literature
Authors: Zhao Zhixue , Thomas James , Kell Gregory , Stansfield Claire , Clowes Mark , Graziosi Sergio , Brunton Jeff , Marshall Iain James , Stevenson Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
In public health, access to research literature is critical to informing decision-making and to identify knowledge gaps. However, identifying relevant research is not a straightforward task since public health interventions are often complex, can have positive and negative impacts on health inequalities and are applied in diverse and rapidly evolving settings. We developed a “living” database of public health research literature to facilitate access to this information using Natural Language Processing tools.

Materials and Methods
Classifiers were identified to identify the study design (eg, cohort study or clinical trial) and relationship to factors that may be relevant to inequalities using the PROGRESS-Plus classification scheme. Training data were obtained from existing MEDLINE labels and from a set of systematic reviews in which studies were annotated with PROGRESS-Plus categories.

Results
Evaluation of the classifiers showed that the study type classifier achieved average precision and recall of 0.803 and 0.930, respectively. The PROGRESS-Plus classification proved more challenging with average precision and recall of 0.608 and 0.534. The FAIR database uses information provided by these classifiers to facilitate access to inequality-related public health literature.

Discussion
Previous work on automation of evidence synthesis has focused on clinical areas rather than public health, despite the need being arguably greater.

Conclusion
The development of the FAIR database demonstrates that it is possible to create a publicly accessible and regularly updated database of public health research literature focused on inequalities. The database is freely available from https://eppi.ioe.ac.uk/eppi-vis/Fair.

NETSCC ID number
NIHR133603.
Enhancing architectural space layout design by pretraining deep reinforcement learning agents
Authors: Kakooee Reza , Dillenburger Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Space layout design is a fundamental yet complex problem in architecture. This task’s inherent complexity, arising from the need to balance numerous geometric configurations and topological relations while adhering to specific constraints, poses significant challenges. Recent advancements in deep reinforcement learning have shown promise in addressing similar planning problems, suggesting its potential utility for innovative space layout solutions. However, a critical limitation of deep reinforcement learning is its struggle with generalizing learned strategies to unseen scenarios. In the context of architectural design, this limitation could prevent deep reinforcement learning from being a scalable design method. Pretraining has emerged as a transformative strategy within the field of artificial intelligence, especially in the realm of foundational models, to enhance the generalization capabilities of learning algorithms. While pretraining is being the central focus of this paper, our approach diverges from conventional pretraining methods that focus on pixel-level design of layouts as is in diffusion based model. Instead, we propose an architectural simulation of space layout design that could embody the multifaceted essence of architectural design. To this end, we have developed a space layout simulator called SpaceLayoutGym that serves dual purposes: first, as an environment for the reinforcement learning agent to interact with and learn the intricacies of design, and second, as a tool for generating a dataset of design scenarios and their corresponding design solutions for model pretraining. We then used imitation learning to pretrain the agent on the generated training design scenarios. This process is being followed by a fine-tuning phase by using proximal policy optimization algorithm on new design scenarios. Our results demonstrate that pretraining can enhance the generalization capabilities of deep reinforcement learning in space layout design, paving the way for more adaptable and scalable artificial intelligence-aided architectural design.
Review of ship arrangement design using optimization methods
Authors: Kim Ki-Su , Roh Myung-Il 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive review of various research efforts aimed at optimizing ship arrangement design. A detailed comparative analysis was conducted on studies that approached ship arrangement design from an optimization perspective. Therefore, the fundamental components of an optimization problem (design variables, objective functions, and constraints) were systematically summarized. Ship arrangement design problems encompass a broad range of applications, including compartments, cabins, and equipment, and the problem definitions for each were compared and analysed. In ship arrangement design, the design variables subject to optimization primarily include the positions of bulkheads, the order of compartment assignments, and, in the case of cabins, elements such as corridors connecting cabins. For equipment arrangement, design variables consider the location of the equipment and, for multilayer arrangement, the floor on which the equipment is to be placed. Regarding objective functions, various studies proposed and applied different functions to optimize operability for improving operational efficiency, stability for enhancing survivability, and cost efficiency, which is particularly critical for merchant vessels. Finally, constraints were considered, including a range of physical constraints and regulatory constraints that vary by ship type. Using these definitions, ship arrangement optimization problems were applied across different ship types, and the study discusses how future research in ship arrangement optimization may develop further.
Determination of the relationship between the numbers of Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on irrigation pipes and tree trunks to facilitate automated monitoring in Southern California citrus orchards
Authors: Cong Lin , Milosavljević Ivan , Li Yehua , Yao Weixin , Hoddle Mark S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is a pest in southern California citrus orchards because it protects honeydew-producing hemipteran pests from natural enemies. A major impediment to controlling L. humile is estimating ant densities in orchards. Ants use irrigation lines to travel across orchard floors to reach trees infested with hemipterans. However, for making ant control decisions, it is the number of ants in trees, not on pipes that is critical. Work completed here demonstrates that the number of ants counted on pipes is highly correlated with the number of ants counted on trunks. Densities of ants counted on trunks are correlated with trunk diameter, citrus variety, and time of year and time of day counts. Six regression models, linear regression, zero-inflated Poisson regression, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models, and each of their mixed model extensions, indicated a strong positive relationship between ant counts on irrigation pipes and ant counts on tree trunks. Mean squared prediction error and 5-fold cross-validation analyses indicated that the best performing of these 6 models was the zero-inflated Poisson mixed regression model. A binary classification model developed using support vector machine learning for ant infestation severity levels, categorized as low (&lt;100 ants counted in 1 min) or high (≥100 ants counted in minutes), predicted ant densities on trunks with 85% accuracy. These models can be used to estimate the number of ants on the trunks of citrus trees by using counts of ants made on irrigation pipes.
Shifting agrarian labour regimes, ecology, and the crisis for Dalit women’s work in India
Authors: Sinha Shreya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Building on the differentiated analysis of India’s agrarian crisis, this article argues for centring ecology in understanding the crisis faced by agricultural labour. The empirical case is of landless Dalit women in Punjab, India, experiencing the shift from a cotton-dominated labour regime to a paddy-dominated one. It delineates the materiality(s) of commodity, workplace, and body associated with the two regimes and explores its contingent intersections with social reproduction, caste oppression, capital’s strategies, and the state. Overall, the article argues that labour’s agrarian crisis is both produced through ecology and manifests in/as ecology across different moments and levels of analysis.
Seismic response characteristics of deep carbonate reservoirs with complex structures in the southwestern Tarim Basin
Authors: Gui Wenjie , Shen Xiangcun , Sha Xuguang , Jiang Zhongzheng , Gu Hanming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Seismic data in the Yubei region has a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio, with multiple interbed multiples developed in the Ordovician strata, significantly affecting the accurate imaging of complex structures and reservoirs, leading to considerable uncertainty in structural interpretation and reservoir prediction. This paper first determines the styles of complex structural belts influenced by interbed multiples through wave equation forward modeling. The parallel-layered reflection at the top of complex structures is due to the alteration of effective strata reflection caused by strong interbed multiples at the top. Second, integrating data from drilling, logging, and geological aspects in the region, seismic wavefield characteristic forward modeling analyses for different types of reservoir are conducted. The results show that factors such as the scale and spatial development position of fractured-vuggy reservoirs have significant impacts on seismic reflection characteristics, strong reflective interfaces may mask the reflection characteristics of the top reservoir, the development of fractured-vuggy reservoirs at different positions can weaken or enhance the reflection of strata interfaces; locally intensive development of fractures in the Ordovician manifests as weak bead anomalies, while large-scale fracture reservoirs exhibit chaotic reflections, and karst caves are characterized by distinct moderately strong bead or tabular amplitude anomalies. By comparing with actual seismic data, the correctness of the complex structural interpretation model is effectively verified, and seismic wavefield characteristics of various types of Ordovician reservoir are summarized, providing a certain basis for understanding the interpretation of complex structures and the reflection characteristics of fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the region.
Folk music collectors and intellectual property: ensuring fair compensation without appropriation
Authors: Światkowski Dominik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the legal protections available to folk music collectors, focusing on copyright, and the entitlements they may have while respecting the rights of the folk communities from which the collected materials originate. Unlike the extensive research on the copyright status of folk art, the legal aspects of folk music collecting have been largely overlooked. Collectors’ activities vary, from faithfully replicating original material to contributing creatively to folk songs, affecting their legal qualifications and entitlements. The article argues for a balanced approach to ensure compensation without infringing on the rights of the original authors and appropriation. The analysis spans legislation and case law from the USA and the UK. It outlines the premises for protection from the perspective of folk music collectors and highlights obstacles to obtaining these rights. The first section explores collectors’ rights unrelated to alterations, such as rights to collections and recordings. The second part delves into rights related to modifications, including arrangement and potential co-authorship, while the subsequent part addresses the issue of appropriation of collected music by collectors. This examination aims to establish a fair legal framework that rewards efforts without overstepping the boundaries of authorship and ownership. It helps clarify under what conditions folk music collectors can claim legal rights and compensation for their work, without infringing upon the communal nature of folk music.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates mitophagy by maintaining PINK1 stability
Authors: Cho Yik-Lam , Tan Hayden Weng Siong , Yang Jicheng , Kuah Basil Zheng Mian , Lim Nicole Si Ying , Fu Naiyang , Bay Boon-Huat , Ling Shuo-Chien , Shen Han-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in glycolysis. Glucose metabolism is closely implicated in the regulation of mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy for the degradation of damaged mitochondria. The PPP and its key enzymes such as G6PD possess important metabolic functions, including biosynthesis and maintenance of intracellular redox balance, while their implication in mitophagy is largely unknown. Here, via a whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we identified that G6PD regulates PINK1 (phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN]-induced kinase 1)-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. The function of G6PD in mitophagy was verified via multiple approaches. G6PD deletion significantly inhibited mitophagy, which can be rescued by G6PD reconstitution. Intriguingly, while the catalytic activity of G6PD is required, the known PPP functions per se are not involved in mitophagy regulation. Importantly, we found a portion of G6PD localized at mitochondria where it interacts with PINK1. G6PD deletion resulted in an impairment in PINK1 stabilization and subsequent inhibition of ubiquitin phosphorylation, a key starting point of mitophagy. Finally, we found that G6PD deletion resulted in lower cell viability upon mitochondrial depolarization, indicating the physiological function of G6PD-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial stress. In summary, our study reveals a novel role of G6PD as a key positive regulator in mitophagy, which bridges several important cellular processes, namely glucose metabolism, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial quality control.
Building an Oranian-English parallel corpus for automated translation training
Authors: Dou Abdelbasset , Kissi Khalida 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The main obstacle to automated translation and processing of dialects is their dearth of linguistic resources. The latter provide data to natural language processing professionals to conduct their experiments of dialect recognition, processing, and machine translation. This article highlights the need to resource the Algerian dialects, reviews the use of the available relevant corpora, and describes the process and distinctiveness of the first Oranian-English parallel corpus (OEPC). This is the first parallel corpus that includes one Algerian dialect with its English equivalents made from scratch. Particularly, this article presents the criteria and steps of compiling a monolingual corpus for the Oranian dialect (ORN) with references to data sources and formats. The size of the monolingual corpus ORN reached 8.5K sentences; with their equivalents in English, OEPC has been built. This significant linguistic resource is made under the Empowering and Resourcing Algerian Dialects project. This project is launched to enrich NLP experts with linguistic resources that are different Algerian mono-, bi-, multi-, and cross-dialectal corpora. The mechanism of data compilation and augmentation to extend the products of this project is explained.