bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School health assessment tools: a systematic review of measurement in primary schools
Authors: Kazemitabar Maryam , Moghadamzadeh Ali , Habibi Mojtaba , Hakimzadeh Rezvan , Garcia Danilo 
Published: July 2020

Background
This systematic review aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the school health’s assessment tools in primary schools through COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. We examined the studies that have addressed the measurement properties of school-health instruments to give a clear overview of the quality of all available tools measuring school health in primary schools. This systematic review was registered in PROPERO with the Registration ID: CRD42020158158.

Method
Databases of EBSCOhost, PubMed, ProQuest, Wily, PROSPERO, and OpenGrey were systematically searched without any time limitation to find all full-text English journal articles studied at least one of the COSMIN checklist measurement properties of a school-health assessment tool in primary schools. The instruments should be constructed based on a school health model. The eligible studies were assessed by COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist to report their quality of methodology for each measurement property and for the whole study by rating high, moderate or low quality.

Results
At the final screening just seven studies remained for review. Four studies were tool development, three of them were rated as “adequate” and the other study as “very good”; five studies examined the content validity, three of them were appraised as “very good”, and the two remaining as “inadequate”. All seven studies measured structural validity, three of them were evaluated as “very good”, three other were scored as “adequate”, and the last study as “inadequate”. All the seven studies investigated the internal consistency, five of them were assessed as “very good”, one was rated as “doubtful”, and the last one as “inadequate”. Just one study examined the cross-cultural validity and was rated as “adequate”. Finally, all seven studies measured reliability, two of them were rated as “very good” and the rest five studies were appraised as “doubtful”. All rating was based on COSMIN checklist criteria for quality of measurement properties assessment.

Conclusion
The number of studies addressing school health assessment tools was very low and therefore not sufficient. Hence, there is a serious need to investigate the psychometric properties of the available instruments measuring school health at primary schools. Moreover, the studies included in the present systematic review did not fulfill all the criteria of the COSMIN checklist for assessing measurement properties. We suggest that future studies consider these criteria for measuring psychometric properties and developing school health assessment tools.
The effects of “Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan” hospitals and environmental factors on the mortality of COVID-19
Authors: Cai Yuwen , Huang Tianlun , Liu Xin , Xu Gaosi 
Published: July 2020

Background
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China; however, the factors affecting the mortality of COVID-19 remain unclear.

Methods
Thirty-two days of data (the growth rate/mortality of COVID-19 cases) that were shared by Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Weather Net were collected by two authors independently. Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the difference in the mortality of confirmed/severe cases before and after the use of “Fangcang, Huoshenshan, and Leishenshan” makeshift hospitals (MSHs). We also studied whether the above outcomes of COVID-19 cases were related to air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), or air quality index (AQI) by performing Pearson’s analysis or Spearman’s analysis.

Results
Eight days after the use of MSHs, the mortality of confirmed cases was significantly decreased both in Wuhan (t = 4.5, P < 0.001) and Hubei (U = 0, P < 0.001), (t and U are the test statistic used to test the significance of the difference). In contrast, the mortality of confirmed cases remained unchanged in non-Hubei regions (U = 76, P = 0.106). While on day 12 and day 16 after the use of MSHs, the reduce in mortality was still significant both in Wuhan and Hubei; but in non-Hubei regions, the reduce also became significant this time (U = 123, P = 0.036; U = 171, P = 0.015, respectively). Mortality of confirmed cases was found to be negatively correlated with AT both in Wuhan (r = − 0.441, P = 0.012) and Hubei (r = − 0.440, P = 0.012). Also, both the growth rate and the mortality of COVID-19 cases were found to be significantly correlated with AQI in Wuhan and Hubei. However, no significant correlation between RH and the growth rate/mortality of COVID-19 cases was found in our study.

Conclusions
Our findings indicated that both the use of MSHs, the rise of AT, and the improvement of air quality were beneficial to the survival of COVID-19 patients.
Evaluation of radixact motion synchrony for 3D respiratory motion: Modeling accuracy and dosimetric fidelity
Authors: Ferris William S. , Kissick Michael W. , Bayouth John E. , Culberson Wesley S. , Smilowitz Jennifer B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Radixact® linear accelerator contains the motion Synchrony system, which tracks and compensates for intrafraction patient motion. For respiratory motion, the system models the motion of the target and synchronizes the delivery of radiation with this motion using the jaws and multi‐leaf collimators (MLCs). It was the purpose of this work to determine the ability of the Synchrony system to track and compensate for different phantom motions using a delivery quality assurance (DQA) workflow. Thirteen helical plans were created on static datasets from liver, lung, and pancreas subjects. Dose distributions were measured using a Delta4® Phantom+ mounted on a Hexamotion® stage for the following three case scenarios for each plan: (a) no phantom motion and no Synchrony (M0S0), (b) phantom motion and no Synchrony (M1S0), and (c) phantom motion with Synchrony (M1S1). The LEDs were placed on the Phantom+ for the 13 patient cases and were placed on a separate one‐dimensional surrogate stage for additional studies to investigate the effect of separate target and surrogate motion. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) error between the Synchrony‐modeled positions and the programmed phantom positions was <1.5 mm for all Synchrony deliveries with the LEDs on the Phantom+. The tracking errors increased slightly when the LEDs were placed on the surrogate stage but were similar to tracking errors observed for other motion tracking systems such as CyberKnife Synchrony. One‐dimensional profiles indicate the effects of motion interplay and dose blurring present in several of the M1S0 plans that are not present in the M1S1 plans. All 13 of the M1S1 measured doses had gamma pass rates (3%/2 mm/10%T) compared to the planned dose > 90%. Only two of the M1S0 measured doses had gamma pass rates > 90%. Motion Synchrony offers a potential alternative to the current, ITV‐based motion management strategy for helical tomotherapy deliveries.
pH‐Responsive Polymer–Drug Conjugate: An Effective Strategy to Combat the Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Ye Mingzhou , Zhao Yi , Wang Yuyuan , Yodsanit Nisakorn , Xie Ruosen , Gong Shaoqin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn urgent need for developing new antimicrobial approaches has emerged due to the imminent threat of antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) pathogens. Bacterial infection can induce a unique microenvironment with low pH, which can be employed to trigger drug release and activation. Here, a pH‐responsive polymer–drug conjugate (PDC) capable of combating severe infectious diseases and overcoming AMR is reported. The PDC is made of a unique biodegradable and biocompatible cationic polymer Hex‐Cys‐DET and streptomycin, a model antibiotic. The two components show strong antimicrobial synergy since the polymer can induce pores on the bacterial wall/membrane, thus significantly enhancing the transport of antibiotics into the bacteria and bypassing the efflux pump. The PDC is neutralized for enhanced biocompatibility under physiological conditions but becomes positively charged while releasing the antibiotic in infected tissues due to the low pH. Additionally, the polymer contains disulfide bonds in its main chain, which makes it biodegradable in mammalian cells and thus reducing the cytotoxicity. The PDC can effectively penetrate bacterial biofilms and be taken up by mammalian cells, thereby minimizing biofilm‐induced AMR and intracellular infections. The PDC exhibits remarkable antimicrobial activity in three in vivo infection models, demonstrating its broad‐spectrum antimicrobial capability and great potency in eliminating AMR infections.
Recent Progress in the Development of Screening Methods to Identify Electrode Materials for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Exner Kai S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limits the performance of proton‐exchange membrane electrolyzers since substantial overpotentials of several hundred millivolts are required for the formation of gaseous oxygen at the anode to reach satisfying current densities. Theoreticians trace this to the occurrence of a linear scaling relationship between the OH and OOH adsorbates within the electrocatalytic OER cycle, which thermodynamically restrains this four‐electron process. While commonly the breaking of this particular scaling relation is pursued as a promising strategy to enhance catalytic turnover, the present progress report summarizes recent trends in the screening of electrode materials for the OER aside this notion. This contains an extension of thermodynamic‐based screening methods by including the kinetics, applied overpotential, and the electrochemical‐step symmetry index into the analysis, enabling material screening within a unifying methodology, or material screening by molecular orbital principles and band theories. The combination of activity‐based screening methods with a proper assessment of catalyst stability may aid the further search of electrode materials for the OER in the future.
Internally Responsive Nanomaterials for Activatable Multimodal Imaging of Cancer
Authors: Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Ferreira Carolina A. , Ni Dalong , Cai Weibo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvances in technology and nanomedicine have led to the development of nanoparticles that can be activated for multimodal imaging of cancer, where a stimulus induces a material modification that enhances image contrast. Multimodal imaging using nanomaterials with this capability can combine the advantages and overcome the limitations of any single imaging modality. When designed with stimuli‐responsive abilities, the target‐to‐background ratio of multimodal imaging nanoprobes increases because specific stimuli in the tumor enhance the signal. Several aspects of the tumor microenvironment can be exploited as an internal stimulus response for multimodal imaging applications, such as the pH gradient, redox processes, overproduction of various enzymes, or combinations of these. In this review, design strategies are discussed and an overview of the recent developments of internally responsive multimodal nanomaterials is provided. Properly implementing this approach improves noninvasive cancer diagnosis and staging as well as provides a method to monitor drug delivery and treatment response.
Radioiodinated Persistent Luminescence Nanoplatform for Radiation‐Induced Photodynamic Therapy and Radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Nian , Hou Zhenyu , Shi Junpeng , Su Xinhui , Sun Xiaolian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadionuclide with Cerenkov radiation (CR) can serve as an internal excitation source to activate photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep tumor. However, the low efficiency of CR limits its therapeutic efficacy. A 131I labeled zinc tetra(4‐carboxyphenoxy) phthalocyaninate (ZnPcC4) conjugated Cr3+‐doped zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4:Cr3+, ZGCs) nanoplatform (131I‐ZGCs‐ZnPcC4) is developed for radiotherapy (RT) and radiation‐induced PDT. 131I can not only activate ZGCs for long‐lasting luminescence via both Cerenkov luminescence (CL) and ionizing radiation, which further continuously activate photosensitizer ZnPcC4 for PDT, but also can directly kill cancerous cells. This 131I‐ZGCs‐ZnPcC4 exhibits excellent tumor inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Combining self‐activated PDT and RT, it is believed that the 131I‐ZGCs‐ZnPcC4 can greatly benefit the deep tumor therapy.
Gold Nanomaterial Engineering for Macrophage‐Mediated Inflammation and Tumor Treatment
Authors: Chen Wanting , Zhang Fenfen , Ju Yanmin , Hong Jin , Ding Ya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMacrophages play an important role in the body's immune defense process. Phenotype imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages induced by inflammation‐related disorders and tumor can also be reversibly converted to treat these diseases. As exogenous substances, a large part of gold‐based nanomaterials interact with macrophages once they enter the body, which provides gold nanomaterials a huge advantage to act as imaging contrasts, active substance carriers, and therapeutic agents for macrophage modulation. By cutting off macrophage recruitment, inhibiting macrophage activities, and modulating M1/M2 polarization, gold nanomaterial engineering exerts therapeutic effects on inflammation‐related diseases at target sites. In this review, biological functions of macrophages in inflammation‐related diseases are introduced, the effect of physicochemical factors of gold nanomaterials including size, shape, and surface chemistry is focused on the interaction between macrophages and gold nanomaterials, and the applications of gold nanomaterials are elaborated for tracking and treating these diseases by macrophages. The rational and smart engineering of gold nanomaterials allows a promising platform for macrophage‐mediated inflammation and tumor imaging and treatment.
Functional CT Contrast Nanoagents for the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Meng Xianfu , Wu Yelin , Bu Wenbo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the detailed tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to achieve effective treatment of tumor, because TME has an extremely profound influence on the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumor. It is of great significance to realize accurate diagnosis of the TME by using functional computed tomography (CT) contrast nanoagents (FCTNAs). Here, an overview of FCTNAs that respond to the overexpressed receptors, acidic microenvironment, overexpressed glutathione and enzymes, and hypoxia in tumor is provided, and also prospects the advance of novel spectral CT technique to detect the TME precisely. Utilizing FCTNAs is expected to achieve accurate monitoring of the TME and further provide guidance for the effective personalized tumor treatment in clinic.
Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Reaction of 1,2,3‐Triazolyl Esters with Indoles or Arenes: Efficient Synthesis of Homotryptamines or Allylamines
Authors: Pal Kuntal , Sontakke Geetanjali S. , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse homotryptamines and allyl amines via a Rh(II)‐catalyzed tandem reaction of 1,2,3‐triazolyl esters with either indoles or 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene has been developed. The reaction proceeds via Rh(II)‐catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement of triazoles into 1‐azadienes followed by regioselective nucleophilic addition. The efficiency of the current protocol was illustrated by broad substrate scope, gram scale synthesis and further functionalization of homotryptamines into other biologically relevant heterocycles.magnified image
Large‐Area Virus Coated Ultrathin Colorimetric Sensors with a Highly Lossy Resonant Promoter for Enhanced Chromaticity
Authors: Yoo Young Jin , Kim Won‐Geun , Ko Joo Hwan , Kim Yeong Jae , Lee Yujin , Stanciu Stefan G. , Lee Jong‐Min , Kim Seungchul , Oh Jin‐Woo , Song Young Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcclimatable colors in response to environmental stimuli, which are naturally endowed with some living things, can provide an opportunity for humans to recognize hazardous substances without taking empirical risks. Despite efforts to create artificial responsive colors, realistic applications in everyday life require an immediate/distinct colorimetric realization with wide chromatic selectivity. A dynamically responsive virus (M‐13 phage)‐based changeable coloring strategy is presented with a highly lossy resonant promoter (HLRP). An ultrathin M‐13 phage layer for rapid response to external stimuli displays colorimetric behavior, even in its subtle swelling with strong resonances on HLRP, which is modeled using the complex effective refractive index. Optimal designs of HLRP for several material combinations allow selective chromatic responsivity from the corresponding wide color palette without modification of the dynamic responsive layer. As a practical demonstration, the spatially designed colorimetric indicator, which is insensitive/sensitive to external stimuli, provides an intuitive perception of environmental changes with hidden/revealed patterns. Furthermore, the proposed colorimetric sensor is tested by exposure to various volatile organic chemicals and endocrine disrupting chemicals for versatile detectability, and is fabricated in a wafer‐scale sample for large‐area scalability.
Bioretrosynthesis of Functionalized N‐Heterocycles from Glucose via One‐Pot Tandem Collaborations of Designed Microbes
Authors: Feng Jing , Li Ruifeng , Zhang Shasha , Bu Yifan , Chen Yanchun , Cui Yinglu , Lin Baixue , Chen Yihua , Tao Yong , Wu Bian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe design of multistrain systems has markedly expanded the prospects of using long biosynthetic pathways to produce natural compounds. However, the cooperative use of artificially engineered microbes to synthesize xenobiotic chemicals from renewable carbohydrates is still in its infancy. Here, a microbial system is developed for the production of high‐added‐value N‐heterocycles directly from glucose. Based on a retrosynthetic analysis, eleven genes are selected, systematically modulated, and overexpressed in three Escherichia coli strains to construct an artificial pathway to produce 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrazinecarboxylic acid, a key intermediate in the production of the important pharmaceuticals Glipizide and Acipimox. Via one‐pot tandem collaborations, the designed microbes remarkably realize high‐level production of 5‐methyl‐2‐pyrazinecarboxylic acid (6.2 ± 0.1 g L−1) and its precursor 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine (7.9 ± 0.7 g L−1). This study is the first application of cooperative microbes for the total biosynthesis of functionalized N‐heterocycles and provides new insight into integrating bioretrosynthetic principles with synthetic biology to perform complex syntheses.
Impact of using a perioperative artificial endocrine pancreas in pancreatic resection
Authors: Yoshimoto Toshiaki , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Saito Yu , Yamada Shinichiro , Miyazaki Katsuki , Takehara Yukako , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimPancreatectomy causes both hyperglycemia, secondary to surgical stress, and pancreatic diabetes, which leads to difficult‐to‐control postoperative blood glucose levels. We investigated whether using an artificial pancreas perioperatively to provide appropriate blood glucose control could reduce postoperative complications following pancreatectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 52 patients who underwent pancreatectomy at Tokushima University Hospital from 2015 to 2019. The most recent 26/52 patients received perioperative blood glucose control using an artificial pancreas. Postoperative blood glucose control with manual insulin injections based on a sliding scale was performed in the earlier 26 patients (controls). We compared surgical outcomes between the artificial pancreas group and the control group.ResultsThere was no significant difference in patients' white blood cell or neutrophil counts, prognostic nutritional index, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, and C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio on postoperative day 1; however, lymphocyte counts were higher in the artificial pancreas group. The number of serious complications of Clavien‐Dindo grade >IIIa was significantly lower in the artificial pancreas group (P < .05).ConclusionsUsing an artificial pancreas for perioperative blood glucose control in patients undergoing pancreatectomy decreased the number of serious complications through proper management of blood glucose levels without hypoglycemia, and may influence peripheral lymphocytes.
Phase I/II study of dasatinib in combination with decitabine in patients with accelerated or blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abaza Yasmin , Kantarjian Hagop , Alwash Yasmin , Borthakur Gautam , Champlin Richard , Kadia Tapan , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Daver Naval , Ravandi Farhad , Verstovsek Srdan , Burger Jan , Estrov Zeev , Ohanian Maro , Lim Miranda , Pemmaraju Naveen , Jabbour Elias , Cortes Jorge 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTreatment of advanced‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains unsatisfactory. Single‐agent tyrosine kinase inhibitors have modest and short‐lived activity in this setting. We conducted a phase I/II study to determine safety and efficacy of the combination of dasatinib and decitabine in patients with advanced CML. Two different dose schedules were investigated with a starting decitabine dose of either 10 mg/m2 or 20 mg/m2 daily for 10 days plus dasatinib 100 mg daily. The target dose level was decitabine 10 mg/m2 or 20 mg/m2 daily for 10 days plus dasatinib 140 mg daily. Thirty patients were enrolled, including seven with accelerated‐phase CML, 19 with blast‐phase CML, and four with Philadelphia‐chromosome positive acute myeloid leukemia. No dose‐limiting toxicity was observed at the starting dose level with either schedule. Grade ≥3 treatment emergent hematological adverse events were reported in 28 patients. Thirteen patients (48%) achieved a major hematologic response and six (22%) achieved a minor hematologic response, with 44% of these patients achieving a major cytogenetic response and 33% achieving a major molecular response. Median overall survival (OS) was 13.8 months, with significantly higher OS among patients who achieved a hematologic response compared to non‐responders (not reached vs 4.65 months; P < .001). Decitabine plus dasatinib is a safe and active regimen in advanced CML. Further studies using this combination are warranted.