bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Independent Advice to the Board Affect CEO Compensation?
Authors: Bakke Tor-Erik , Mahmudi Hamed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the role external advice plays in the board’s determination of chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. We show that CEO incentive pay increases with the degree of compensation consultant independence using a quasi-natural experiment provided by the creation of an independent consultant after separation from an affiliated consultant. Specifically, switching to an independent consultant significantly increases the pay–performance sensitivity and relative performance evaluation of CEO contracts. Despite the benefits of independent advice, independent consultants may not be hired due to the influence of powerful CEOs or because boards already possess adequate expertise.
A mathematical modelling approach for treatment and control of Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: Khan Aisha , Ahmed Haroon , Sohail Ayesha , Alam Fatima , Simsek Sami 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by a cestode parasite known as Echinococcus multilocularis. The parasite has a wildlife cycle with definitive hosts (foxes) and small mammals as intermediate hosts (rodents) while humans are the accidental hosts. Parasite infection pressure relation to time of the year and age dependent infection pressure for parasite abundance also depend on the urbanization. The aim of current work is forecasting the thresholds via the computational analysis of the disease spread which is a useful approach since it can help to design the experimental settings with better planning and efficiency. Network analysis when interlinked with the computational techniques provides better insight into the spatial and temporal heterogeneities. In the present study, a mathematical framework that describes the transmission dynamics and control measures of E. multilocularis in foxes is documented. We used treatment of foxes with baits for the prevention of the E. multilocularis infection. A novel approach of networking, called Petri net (PN), based on density dependent differential equations, is utilized during this research. The accurate description of the transmission of the parasite and the effect of drug on it is provided to the readers in this article. The transitions, which are difficult to analyse theoretically, are presented with the aid of the discrete approach of networking. A discrete mathematical framework can prove to be an accurate and robust tool to analyse and control the parasite dynamics.
Synaptotagmin 1 regulates cortical granule exocytosis during mouse oocyte activation
Authors: Zhu Xiu-Lan , Li Shi-Fen , Zhang Xi-Qian , Xu Hong , Luo Yan-Qun , Yi Yan-Hong , Lv Li-Juan , Zhang Chun-Hui , Wang Zhen-Bo , Ouyang Ying-Chun , Hou Yi , Schatten Heide , Liu Feng-Hua 
Published: December 2019

SummarySynaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) is an abundant and important presynaptic vesicle protein that binds Ca2+ for the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Our previous study reported its localization and function on spindle assembly in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. The present study was designed to investigate the function of Syt1 during mouse oocyte activation and subsequent cortical granule exocytosis (CGE) using confocal microscopy, morpholinol-based knockdown and time-lapse live cell imaging. By employing live cell imaging, we first studied the dynamic process of CGE and calculated the time interval between [Ca2+]i rise and CGE after oocyte activation. We further showed that Syt1 was co-localized to cortical granules (CGs) at the oocyte cortex. After oocyte activation with SrCl2, the Syt1 distribution pattern was altered significantly, similar to the changes seen for the CGs. Knockdown of Syt1 inhibited [Ca2+]i oscillations, disrupted the F-actin distribution pattern and delayed the time of cortical reaction. In summary, as a synaptic vesicle protein and calcium sensor for exocytosis, Syt1 acts as an essential regulator in mouse oocyte activation events including the generation of Ca2+ signals and CGE.
Constructing an identity scale to analyze changes in One China identity: evidence from Taiwanese student delegations visiting Mainland China
Authors: Wang Chia-Chou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is both academically and practically valuable to construct a multi-dimensional scale to assess the effectiveness of the Communist Party of China's (CPC) policy toward Taiwan. The author constructed a One China identity scale based on national identity theory and the CPC's political advocacy and actions toward Taiwan. Using panel data from 271 members of Taiwanese student delegations to Mainland China from 2016 to 2017, this study explored the changes in their sense of a One China identity. The results showed a significant increase (0.11, 5.19%) in the average ratings of the investigated students' One China identity. The regression equation constructed by the current study was able to explain 10.94% of the total variance of the One China identity scale, and all three hypotheses were supported. Following the exchange program, Taiwanese students appeared to have a greater sense of a One China identity. Their impression of Mainland China had improved, their acceptance of the CPC's regime had increased, and their preference for authoritarianism had increased.
FinnTwin16: A Longitudinal Study from Age 16 of a Population-Based Finnish Twin Cohort
Authors: Kaidesoja Milla , Aaltonen Sari , Bogl Leonie H. , Heikkilä Kauko , Kaartinen Sara , Kujala Urho M. , Kärkkäinen Ulla , Masip Guiomar , Mustelin Linda , Palviainen Teemu , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Rottensteiner Mirva , Sipilä Pyry N. , Rose Richard J. , Keski-Rahkonen Anna , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to provide a detailed and updated description of the FinnTwin16 (FT16) study and its future directions. The Finnish Twin Cohort comprises three different cohorts: the Older Twin Cohort established in the 1970s and the FinnTwin12 and FT16 initiated in the 1990s. FT16 was initiated in 1991 to identify the genetic and environmental precursors of alcoholism, but later the scope of the project expanded to studying the determinants of various health-related behaviors and diseases in different stages of life. The main areas addressed are alcohol use and its consequences, smoking, physical activity, overall physical health, eating behaviors and eating disorders, weight development, obesity, life satisfaction and personality. To date, five waves of data collection have been completed and the sixth is now planned. Data from the FT16 cohort have contributed to several hundred studies and many substudies, with more detailed phenotyping and collection of omics data completed or underway. FT16 has also contributed to many national and international collaborations.
Drug–drug–gene interactions and adverse drug reactions
Authors: Malki Mustafa Adnan , Pearson Ewan Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe economic and health burden caused by adverse drug reactions has increased dramatically in the last few years. This is likely to be mediated by increasing polypharmacy, which increases the likelihood for drug–drug interactions. Tools utilized by healthcare practitioners to flag potential adverse drug reactions secondary to drug–drug interactions ignore individual genetic variation, which has the potential to markedly alter the severity of these interactions. To date there have been limited published studies on impact of genetic variation on drug–drug interactions. In this review, we establish a detailed classification for pharmacokinetic drug–drug–gene interactions, and give examples from the literature that support this approach. The increasing availability of real-world drug outcome data linked to genetic bioresources is likely to enable the discovery of previously unrecognized, clinically important drug–drug–gene interactions.
Transmembrane signaling on a protocell: Creation of receptor-enzyme chimeras for immunodetection of specific antibodies and antigens
Authors: Su Jiulong , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Ohmuro-Matsuyama Yuki , Seah Theresa , Ghadessy Farid J. , Hoon Shawn , Ueda Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is known that digital counting of fluorescent signals generated in many small compartments can significantly improve the detection sensitivity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, the reported digital ELISA systems need extensive washing steps to remove background signal, which hampers their performance. To tackle this problem, we developed a vesicle (Protocell) array wherein binding of an external protein analyte is coupled to signal amplification and intra-vesicular fluorescence readout. We chose β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter enzyme as its function requires assembly of four subunits through dimerization of a pair of dimers that can be inhibited by a set of interface mutations. Using a thermostabilized GUS mutant IV-5, we screened out an interface mutant (M516K, F517W) to create IV5m- a mutant with high thermostability and activity conditional on induced dimerization. After tethering a short N-terminal tag and transmembrane (TM) sequences, the fusion protein was expressed by cell-free protein synthesis inside protocells. When a corresponding tag-specific antibody was applied outside of the protocells, a clear increase in GUS activity was observed inside vesicles by adding fluorescent substrate, probably due to spontaneous integration of the tagged TM protein into the vesicles and dimerization by the antibody bound to the displayed tag. Furthermore, using flow cytometry, quantitative digital read out was obtained by counting fluorescent protocells exposed to varying concentrations of external antibodies that included Trastuzumab. Additionally, through use of an anti-caffeine VHH-SpyCatcher fusion protein, caffeine could be detected using SpyTag-fused TM-IV5mprotein expressed in protocells, suggesting utility of this platform for detection of diverse antigen types.
Classification and Visualization of Alzheimer’s Disease using Volumetric Convolutional Neural Network and Transfer Learning
Authors: Oh Kanghan , Chung Young-Chul , Kim Ko Woon , Kim Woo-Sung , Oh Il-Seok 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecently, deep-learning-based approaches have been proposed for the classification of neuroimaging data related to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and significant progress has been made. However, end-to-end learning that is capable of maximizing the impact of deep learning has yet to receive much attention due to the endemic challenge of neuroimaging caused by the scarcity of data. Thus, this study presents an approach meant to encourage the end-to-end learning of a volumetric convolutional neural network (CNN) model for four binary classification tasks (AD vs. normal control (NC), progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) vs. NC, stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) vs. NC and pMCI vs. sMCI) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and visualizes its outcomes in terms of the decision of the CNNs without any human intervention. In the proposed approach, we use convolutional autoencoder (CAE)-based unsupervised learning for the AD vs. NC classification task, and supervised transfer learning is applied to solve the pMCI vs. sMCI classification task. To detect the most important biomarkers related to AD and pMCI, a gradient-based visualization method that approximates the spatial influence of the CNN model’s decision was applied. To validate the contributions of this study, we conducted experiments on the ADNI database, and the results demonstrated that the proposed approach achieved the accuracies of 86.60% and 73.95% for the AD and pMCI classification tasks respectively, outperforming other network models. In the visualization results, the temporal and parietal lobes were identified as key regions for classification.
FOXO3a regulates rhinovirus-induced innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Gimenes-Junior Joao , Owuar Nicole , Vari Hymavathi Reddy , Li Wuyan , Xander Nathaniel , Kotnala Sudhir , Sajjan Uma S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractForkhead transcription factor class O (FOXO)3a, which plays a critical role in a wide variety of cellular processes, was also found to regulate cell-type-specific antiviral responses. Airway epithelial cells express FOXO3a and play an important role in clearing rhinovirus (RV) by mounting antiviral type I and type III interferon (IFN) responses. To elucidate the role of FOXO3a in regulating antiviral responses, we generated airway epithelial cell-specific Foxo3a knockout (Scga1b1-Foxo3a−/−) mice and a stable FOXO3a knockout human airway epithelial cell line. Compared to wild-type, Scga1b1-Foxo3a−/− mice show reduced IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-λ2/3 in response to challenge with RV or double-stranded (ds)RNA mimic, Poly Inosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) indicating defective dsRNA receptor signaling. RV-infected Scga1b1-Foxo3a−/− mice also show viral persistence, enhanced lung inflammation and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. FOXO3a K/O airway epithelial cells show attenuated IFN responses to RV infection and this was associated with conformational change in mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) but not with a reduction in the expression of dsRNA receptors under unstimulated conditions. Pretreatment with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant corrects MAVS conformation and restores antiviral IFN responses to subsequent RV infection in FOXO3a K/O cells. Inhibition of oxidative stress also reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to RV in FOXO3a K/O cells. Together, our results indicate that FOXO3a plays a critical role in regulating antiviral responses as well as limiting pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Based on these results, we conclude that FOXO3a contributes to optimal viral clearance and prevents excessive lung inflammation following RV infection.
The dynamically young outflow of the Class 0 protostar Cha-MMS1
Authors: Busch L. A. , Belloche A. , Cabrit S. , Hennebelle P. , Commerçon B. 
Published: December 2019

Context. On the basis of its low luminosity, its chemical composition, and the absence of a large-scale outflow, the dense core Cha-MMS1 located in the Chamaeleon I molecular cloud, was proposed a decade ago as a candidate for a first hydrostatic core (FHSC).
Aims. Our goal is to test this hypothesis by searching for a slow, compact outflow driven by Cha-MMS1 that would match the predictions of magnetohydrodynamic simulations for this short phase of star formation.
Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array to map Cha-MMS1 at high angular resolution in CO 3–2 and 13CO 3–2 as well as in continuum emission.
Results. We report the detection of a bipolar outflow emanating from the central core, along a (projected) direction roughly parallel to the filament in which Cha-MMS1 is embedded and perpendicular to the large-scale magnetic field. The morphology of the outflow indicates that its axis lies close to the plane of the sky. We measure velocities corrected for inclination of more than 90 km s−1, which is clearly incompatible with the expected properties of an FHSC outflow. Several properties of the outflow are determined and compared to previous studies of Class 0 and Class I protostars. The outflow of Cha-MMS1 has a much smaller momentum force than the outflows of other Class 0 protostars. In addition, we find a dynamical age of 200–3000 yr indicating that Cha-MMS1 might be one of the youngest ever observed Class 0 protostars. While the existence of the outflow suggests the presence of a disk, no disk is detected in continuum emission and we derive an upper limit of 55 au to its radius.
Conclusions. We conclude that Cha-MMS1 has already gone through the FHSC phase and is a young Class 0 protostar, but it has not yet brought its outflow to full power.
Nichts für Schönwetterkapitäne: CAR-T-Zellen – Immunonkologie trifft Intensivmedizin
Authors: Borrega Jorge Garcia , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Böll Boris 
Published: December 2019

Was ist neu?
CRS und ICANS als Nebenwirkung von CAR-T-Zellen Das Cytokine-Release-Syndrome (CRS) ist die häufigste Nebenwirkung einer CAR-T-Zell-Therapie und kann von leichtem Fieber bis zu einem Multiorganversagen führen. Pathophysiologisch kommt es beim CRS zu einem Zytokinsturm und trotz einer Therapie mit Tocilizumab sind refraktäre und tödliche Verläufe beschrieben. Die Symptome des Immune-Effector-Cell-associated-Neurotoxicity-Syndrome (ICANS) variieren von leichter Desorientiertheit bis zum lebensbedrohlichen Hirnödem. Die Pathophysiologie und Therapie des ICANS sind noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Die Differenzialdiagnosen von CRS und ICANS sind komplex und umfassen neben Infektionen und Sepsis unter anderem auch eine Toxizität der vorhergehenden Therapie, ein Tumorlysesyndrom und nicht zuletzt einen Progress der Grunderkrankung. Ein klinischer oder laborchemischer Parameter zum sicheren Beweis oder Ausschluss eines CRS oder ICANS gibt es zum heutigen Zeitpunkt nicht.
Intensivmedizinische Relevanz und potenzielle Entwicklungen der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie Erste Auswertungen von Real-world-Daten deuten auf eine höhere Rate an schweren Nebenwirkungen im Rahmen der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie als in den Zulassungsstudien hin. Für die Indikation r/r-DLBCL könnten schätzungsweise bis zu maximal 300 Patienten pro Jahr in Deutschland eine intensivmedizinische Betreuung im Rahmen der CAR-T-Zell-Therapie benötigen. Studien mit wesentlich häufigeren soliden Tumoren könnten die Patientenzahl drastisch erhöhen.
Therapieziel bei CAR-T-Zell-Patienten und Entscheidungen bei Therapiezieländerung Aufgrund des neuen Therapiekonzepts kann ein Konflikt zwischen bislang palliativem Patientenkollektiv und nun möglicherweise langfristigen Remissionen entstehen. Eine frühzeitige Aufklärung über potenziell lebensbedrohliche Nebenwirkungen im Rahmen der Therapie und eine interdisziplinäre Besprechung der Therapieziele mit den Patienten ist entscheidend.
Angeborene und idiopathische Deformitäten: Immer ein Arthroserisiko?
Authors: Toporowski Gregor , Rödl Robert , Gosheger Georg , Vogt Björn 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungArthrotische Gelenkveränderungen weisen eine Vielzahl an Ursachen auf. Ist eine eindeutige Zuordnung nicht möglich, spricht man von primären Arthrosen, hingegen kann die Entwicklung sekundärer Arthrosen auf konkrete Risikofaktoren zurückgeführt werden. Einen Großteil davon bilden angeborene und idiopathische Fehlstellungen, die auch als präarthrotische Deformitäten bezeichnet werden. Eine sekundäre Arthrose manifestiert sich in der Regel bereits in deutlich jüngerem Lebensalter als ein primärer Gelenkverschleiß, gerade deshalb ist die rechtzeitige Diagnosestellung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Angeborene und idiopathische Deformitäten bleiben meist lange asymptomatisch, was die Diagnostik deutlich erschwert. In den letzten Jahren hat die Früherkennung häufiger Deformitäten jedoch stark an Bedeutung gewonnen, wie man am Beispiel der Sonografie zur Beurteilung der Hüftreifung im Rahmen der kindlichen Vorsorgeuntersuchung erkennen kann. Je nach Art der Deformität ist sowohl eine konservative, als auch eine operative Therapie möglich. Dabei spielt der richtige Zeitpunkt für den Therapiebeginn eine wichtige Rolle, denn sowohl ein Abwarten des Spontanverlaufs wie bei auffälligen frontalen Beinachsen, aber auch eine sofortige Behandlung wie bei der Hüftdysplasie können lege artis sein. Zu den häufigsten operativen Maßnahmen zählen die Wachstumslenkung und die Umstellungsosteotomie. Ziel der Therapie ist die Reduktion des Arthroserisikos auf das der Durchschnittsbevölkerung durch Wiederherstellung anatomisch und biomechanisch korrekter Stellungsverhältnisse. Folglich handelt es sich bei der Behandlung von präarthrotischen Deformitäten um präventive, gelenkerhaltende Maßnahmen, die in der Regel schonender und komplikationsärmer sind, als ein späterer endoprothetischer Gelenkersatz. Die Gefahr eines verspäteten Behandlungsbeginns ist die Notwendigkeit (aufwendigerer) operativer Interventionen.
Where do we stand?
Authors: Im Sei-inn , Lim Hyang-Ok 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Within the last decade, an increasing number of studies have examined the status of translators and interpreters,
providing valuable insight into how the status is perceived in the eyes of practitioners. However, less attention has been paid to
studying the perceptions of future Translators, i.e. T&I students. This paper seeks to describe the occupational status of
in-house Translators in Korea by comparing the perceptions of professionals and students. Inspired by Dam and Zethsen’s status
parameters and a Korean study on teacher status, a survey was conducted among four populations: one Translator group and three
student groups at different stages of their study. The findings indicate a negative correlation between the perceptions of
occupational status and expertise progression, with first semester students giving a mean rating well above the middle point while
practitioners rated their status as “just above average.” Overall, professional Translators and students regarded in-house
Translation as an important occupation which required a high level of expertise and contributed to the organization, but also as
one that involves a lower degree of work autonomy. At the same time, all four groups expressed their concern regarding job
prospects.
Korean general extenders tunci ha and kena ha ‘or something’
Authors: Kim Minju 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using natural conversation corpora, I demonstrate that the Korean x-tunci ha ‘x-or do’ and
x-kena ha ‘x-or do’, which originally list options (e.g., ‘x or y do’) have emerged as independent
constructions that can indicate approximation, epistemic uncertainty, tentativeness, and even polite hedging. I argue that these
Korean “general extenders” (Overstreet 1999) followed a similar (inter)subjectification
process to English x-or something and Japanese x-tari suru ‘x-or do.’ I also illustrate how
these two Korean general extenders specialize in different hedging strategies.
Ironically, Korean tunci ha and Japanese tari suru can also convey a speaker’s
negative affective stance. I demonstrate that tunci ha was frequently used in making non-imposing suggestions
(hedging) and obtained its negative affect in the context of suggesting an obvious but untried solution (i.e., the frustration of the suggesting speaker). This result differs from Suzuki (2008)’s argument of the Japanese case
which attributes this development to a speaker’s non-committal attitude.
Low-dose phloretin alleviates diabetic atherosclerosis through endothelial KLF2 restoration
Authors: Xia Yong , Feng Hua , Li Zhen-Wei , Tang Kuan-Xiao , Gao Hai-Qing , Wang Wei-Ling , Cui Xiao-Pei , Li Xiao-Li 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigated whether low-dose phloretin served as daily dietary supplements could ameliorate diabetic atherosclerosis and the role of kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). HUVECs cultured in high glucose medium were treated with different concentrations of phloretin and KLF2 mRNA, and protein level was detected. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin in Apoe−/- mice after which they were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Diabetic mice injected with KLF2 shRNA-lentivirus or control virus were treated with 20 mg/kg phloretin. Glucose, lipid profile, aortic atheroma, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression were detected. Phloretin retained endothelial function by KLF2-eNOS activation under hyperglycemia. Low-dose phloretin helped with lipid metabolism, and blocked the acceleration of atherosclerosis in STZ-induced diabetic mice since the early stage, which was diminished by KLF2 knockdown. Low-dose phloretin exhibited athero-protective effect in diabetic Apoe−/- mice dependent on KLF2 activation. This finding makes phloretin for diabetic atherosclerosis.