bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot-Assisted Bronchoscopy for Pulmonary Lesion Diagnosis: Results from the Initial Multicenter Experience
Authors: Chaddha Udit , Kovacs Stephen P. , Manley Christopher , Hogarth Douglas Kyle , Cumbo-Nacheli Gustavo , Bhavani Sivasubramanium V. , Kumar Rohit , Shende Manisha , III John P. Egan , Murgu Septimiu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The Robotic Endoscopic System (Auris Health, Inc., Redwood City, CA) has the potential to overcome several limitations of contemporary guided-bronchoscopic technologies for the diagnosis of lung lesions. Our objective is to report on the initial post-marketing feasibility, safety and diagnostic yield of this technology.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on consecutive cases in which robot-assisted bronchoscopy was used to sample lung lesions at four centers in the US (academic and community) from June 15th, 2018 to December 15th, 2018.
Results: One hundred and sixty-seven lesions in 165 patients were included in the analysis, with an average follow-up of 185 ± 55 days. The average size of target lesions was 25.0 ± 15.0 mm. Seventy-one percent were located in the peripheral third of the lung. Pneumothorax and airway bleeding occurred in 3.6% and 2.4% cases, respectively. Navigation was successful in 88.6% of cases. Tissue samples were successfully obtained in 98.8%. The diagnostic yield estimates ranged from 69.1% to 77% assuming the cases of biopsy-proven inflammation without any follow-up information (N=13) were non-diagnostic and diagnostic, respectively. The yield was 81.5%, 71.7% and 26.9% for concentric, eccentric and absent r-EBUS views, respectively. Diagnostic yield was not affected by lesion size, density, lobar location or centrality.
Conclusions: RAB implementation in community and academic centers is safe and feasible, with an initial diagnostic yield of 69.1-77% in patients with lung lesions that require diagnostic bronchoscopy. Comparative trials with the existing bronchoscopic technologies are needed to determine cost-effectiveness of this technology.
Enhanced tolerance to Phytophthora root and stem rot by over-expression of the plant antimicrobial peptide CaAMP1 gene in soybean
Authors: Niu Lu , Zhong Xiaofang , Zhang Yuanyu , Yang Jing , Xing Guojie , Li Haiyun , Liu Dongbo , Ma Rui , Dong Yingshan , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides play important defense-related roles in both plants and animals. It has been confirmed that overexpression of CaAMP1 ( Capsicum annuum antimicrobial protein1 ), an antimicrobial protein gene isolated from C. annuum leaves infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria , in Arabidopsis confers broad-spectrum resistance to hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen and necrotrophic fungal pathogens. Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR), caused by the fungus Phytophthora sojae , is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the worldwide production of soybean ( Glycine max ).Results In this paper, CaAMP1 was transformed into the soybean genome via Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation. Integration of this gene into the transgenic soybean genome and its subsequent translation were verified by Southern and Western blot analyses, respectively. Overexpression of CaAMP1 ( CaAMP1- OX) enhanced the disease tolerance of three consecutive generations of transgenic soybean infected with P. sojae race 1 compared with wild-type Williams 82. Gene expression analyses in the transgenic plants revealed that expression of the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent genes, jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent genes, and plant disease resistance genes (R-genes) were up-regulated after P. sojae inoculation.Conclusions These results indicated that over-expression of the CaAMP1 significantly enhanced PRR tolerance in soybean by eliciting resistance responses mediated by multiple defense signaling pathways, thus suggesting alternative approaches for the development of soybean varieties with improved tolerance against soil-borne pathogenic PRR.
The Relationship Between Spatial Access and Modern Contraceptive Use: Is Proximity to a Healthcare Facility a Determinant of Use Among Women in Kinshasa, DRC?
Authors: Babazadeh Saleh , Hernandez Julie , Anglewicz Philip , Bertrand Jane T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Spatial access has a direct effect on health service utilization in many settings. While, all elements of access are usually affected by service delivery points and client characteristics. Distance to facility has proven to affect family planning service use in many Sub-Saharan countries. Studies show that women who reside closer to facilities offering family planning services are more likely to use modern contraceptives. However, researchers often test the theory of distance decay to observe any association between an increased distance of health facilities and health service utilization. This study to analyze the significance of proximity to family planning services, as well as service availability and quality of family planning services in Kinshasa. Method: We used a pool of four rounds of facility- and population-based survey data in Kinshasa. We tested if women who live closer to service delivery points with higher level of availability and quality are more likely to use modern contraceptives or less likely to have unmet need for contraceptive services. Results: Our findings show that living closer to an SDP is not a determinant of modern contraceptive use or having unmet need for FP services. Discussion: Lack of cognitive access, economic barriers, bypassing the closest facility, and sociocultural norms are among the strong barriers for women in Kinshasa to use modern contraceptives. Our analysis shows that proximity to quality services does not necessarily result in increased FP use among women of reproductive age living in Kinshasa, thus suggesting that a bypass phenomenon may occur when obtaining modern contraceptive services. Conclusion: This study indicates that proximity to facilities does not necessarily equate proximity to methods, nor does it necessarily enable current users or women with an unmet need (potential contraceptive users) to easily obtain services for their method of choice. This study notes that other barriers to access may be substantial determinants of contraceptive use or unmet need. More research should be conducted that directly measures multidimensional components of access in order to interpret women’s contraceptive seeking behaviors in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa.
DJ-1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and regulates NLRX1-TRAF6 via SHP-1 in stroke
Authors: Peng Li , Zhou Yang , Jiang Ning , Wang Tingting , Zhu Jin , Chen Yanlin , Li Linyu , Zhang Jinyan , Yu Shanshan , Zhao Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Acute inflammation developed by reactive astrocytes after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is important in protecting the resultant lesion. Our previous study demonstrated the abundant expression of DJ-1 in reactive astrocytes after cerebral I/R injury. Here, we show that DJ-1 negatively regulates the inflammatory response by facilitating the interaction between SHP-1 and TRAF6, thereby inducing NLRX1 dissociation from TRAF6. Methods: We used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro in primary astrocyte cultures and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in vivo to mimic ischemic reperfusion insult. Results: The inhibition of DJ-1 expression increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. DJ-1 knockdown facilitated the interaction of NLRX1 with TRAF6. However, the loss of DJ-1 attenuated the interaction of SHP-1 with TRAF6. In subsequent experiments, an SHP-1 inhibitor altered the interaction of SHP-1 with TRAF6 and facilitated the interaction of NLRX1 with TRAF6 in DJ-1-overexpressing astrocytes.. Conclusion: This finding suggests that DJ-1 exerts an SHP-1-dependent anti-inflammatory effect and induces the dissociation of NLRX1 and TRAF6 in cerebral I/R injury. Thus, DJ-1 may be an efficacious therapeutic target for the treatment of I/R injury.
DNA methylation regulates glioma cell cycle through down-regulating MiR-133a expression
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhu Zhengquan , Li Xu , Zheng Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: MiRNAs plays a key role in regulating gene expression networks of various biological processes in many cancers.
Results: Here, we analyzed miRNA expression profiles by miRNA microarray and verified by RT-PCR. It was shown that the expression difference of miR-133a was most significantly and consistently downregulated. The proliferative capacity and cell cycle profile of cells transfected with miR-133a mimic were assessed by colony forming assay and PI staining, respectively. The target gene of miR-133a was predicted using TargetScan and verified by dual luciferase gene reporter assay. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression levels of relevant factors. Methylation-specific quantitative PCR (MSP) was used to detect miR-133a methylation levels. Epigenetic regulation of miR-133a was assessed by treating the cells with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor AZA or the histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA. We found that overexpression of miR-133a inhibited cell proliferation, induced a cell cycle arrest and downregulated the expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin D2, and cycling-dependent killdeer 4 (CdK4). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was verified as a target gene of miR-133a. PPARγ protein levels were significantly higher in the glioma tissues, and overexpression of miR-133a markedly reduced its levels. Furthermore, forced expression of PPARγ partly abrogated the anti-proliferative effects of miR-133a. miR-133a was hypermethylated in glioma cells, and AZA treatment significantly up-regulated its levels.
Conclusions: MiR-133a is downregulated in glioma cells through promoter hypermethylation, and its forced expression inhibits glioma cell proliferation and induces G1 phase arrest by targeting PPARγ.
Health information needs regarding diabetes mellitus in China: an Internet-based analysis
Authors: wang hao tian , Wang Tian-Hao , Zhou Xiao-Feng , Ni Yuan , Pan Zhi-Gang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The Internet has become an important carrier for consumers to express their health information needs and search for health information,we can analyze a lot of valuable information about what the patients are concerned, and health providers like hospitals can make use of these questions raised by patients to improve their services such as patient health education, patient follow-up to consumers. However, there are no Internet-based analyses of health information needs pertaining to diabetes in China until now. Hereby, The diabetes problems put forward by consumers on the 39 health website were dynamically analyzed in order to know the trends of consumers' demand for health information of diabetes and provide reference to improve health education and patients' self-management ability of blood glucose.Methods we have done a study of statistically analyzing the questions about diabetes collected from 39 health website, the number of which is 151,589. We have divided these questions into 9 categories using a convolutional neural networkResults The diabetes problems of consumer are presented as follows, diagnosis: 34.95%, treatment: 25.17%, lifestyle: 21.09%, complication: 8.00%, maternity-related:5.00%, prognosis: 2.59%, health provider choosing: 1.40%, prevention: 1.23%, others: 0.58%, The elderly are more concerned about the treatment and complications of diabetes, while the young are more concerned about the maternity-related and prognosis of diabetes.The diabetes drugs most frequently mentioned by consumers are insulin, metformin and Xiaoke pills,The most concerned complication is caidiovascular disease and diabetic eye disease.Conclusion Diabetes health education should focus on how to prevent diabetes and the contents of health education should be different for differernt age groups ;on diabetes treatment, the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs education should be strengthened.
Patient and health system factors associated with pretreatment loss to follow up among patients diagnosed with tuberculosis using Xpert® MTB/RIF testing in Uganda
Authors: Zawedde-Muyanja Stella , Katamba Achilles , Cattamanchi Adithya , Castelnuovo Barbara , Manabe Yukari C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: In 2017, Uganda only 53% of incident cases of tuberculosis were started on treatment. Pretreatment loss to follow up is an important contributor to suboptimal treatment coverage. We aimed to describe the patient and health facility-level characteristics associated with pretreatment loss to follow up among patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis at public health facilities in Uganda. Methods: At ten public health facilities, laboratory register data was used to identify patients aged 15 years who had a positive Xpert®MTB/RIF test. Initiation on TB treatment was ascertained using the clinical register. Factors associated with not being initiated on TB treatment within two weeks of diagnosis were examined using a multilevel logistic regression model accounting for clustering by health facility. Results: From January to June 2018, 510 patients (61% male and 31.5% HIV co-infected) were diagnosed with tuberculosis. One hundred (19.6%) were not initiated on TB treatment within two weeks of diagnosis. Not having a phone number recorded in the clinic registers (aOR 7.93, 95%CI 3.93-13.05); being HIV-infected (aOR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.09-3.26) and receiving care from a high volume health facility performing more than 12 Xpert tests per day (aOR 4.37, 95%CI 1.69-11.29) and were significantly associated with pretreatment loss to follow up. Conclusion: In public health facilities in Uganda, we found a high rate of pretreatment loss to follow up especially among TBHIV co-infected patients diagnosed at high volume health facilities. Interventions to improve the efficiency of Xpert® MTB/RIF testing, including monitoring of the TB care cascade should be developed and implemented.
Resistance of tick microbiome to biological disturbance
Authors: Peña Agustín Estrada , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Obregón Dasiel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : Ixodes scapularis ticks harbor microbial communities including pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. Pathogen infection increases the expression of several tick gut proteins which disturb the tick gut microbiota and impact bacterial biofilm formation. Anaplasma phagocytophilum induces ticks to express I. scapularis IAFGP, a protein with antimicrobial activity while Borrelia burgdorferi induces the expression of PIXR. Here, we tested the resistance of I. scapularis microbiome to A. phagocytophilum infection, antimicrobial peptide IAFGP, and anti-tick immunity specific to PIXR.
Results : We demonstrate that A. phagocytophilum infection and IAFGP affect the taxonomic composition and taxa co-occurrence networks but had no effect on the functional traits of tick microbiome. In contrast, anti-tick immunity disturbed the taxonomic composition and the functional profile of tick microbiome, by increasing both taxonomic and pathways diversity. Mechanistically, we show that anti-tick immunity increases the representation and importance of polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways involved in biofilm formation while these pathways are under-represented in the microbiome of ticks infected by A. phagocytophilum or exposed to IAFGP.
Conclusions : These analyses revealed that tick microbiota is highly sensitive to anti-tick immunity, while it is less sensitive to pathogen infection and antimicrobial peptides. Results suggest that biofilm formation is a defensive response of tick microbiome to anti-tick immunity.
Patient autonomy in dental medical decision making – is there a need for shared decision making?
Authors: Benecke Mareike , Kasper Jürgen , Heesen Christoph , Schäffler Nina , Reissmann Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Evidence-based Dentistry (EBD), decision aids, patient preferences and autonomy preferences (AP) play an important role in shared decision making (SDM) and are useful tools in the process of medical and dental decisions as well as in developing of quality criteria for decision making in many fields of health care. However, there aren’t many studies on SDM and AP in the field of dentistry. This study aimed at exploring patients’ autonomy preferences in dentistry in comparison to other medical domains. Methods: As a first step, a consecutive sample of 100 dental patients and 16 dentists was recruited at a university-based prosthodontic clinic to assess and compare patients’ and dentists’ preferences regarding their roles in dental decision making for commonly performed diagnostic and treatment decisions using the Control Preference Scale (CPS). This was followed by a cross sectional survey to study autonomy preferences in three cohorts of 100 patients each recruited from general practices, a multiple sclerosis clinic, and a university-based prosthodontic clinic. A questionnaire with combined items from the Autonomy Preference Index (API) to assess general and the CPS to assess specific preferences was used in this process. Results: Dentists were slightly less willing to deliver control than patients willing to enact autonomy. Decisions about management of tooth loss were however considered relevant for a shared decision making by both parties. Highest AP was expressed by people with multiple sclerosis, lowest by patients in dentistry (CPS means: dentistry 2.5, multiple sclerosis 2.1, general practice 2.4, p=.035). Patients analysis showed considerable differences in autonomy preferences referring to different decision types (p<.001). More autonomy was needed for treatment decisions in comparison to diagnostic decisions, for trivial compared to severe conditions, and for dental care compared to general practice (all: p<.001). Conclusion: The study results showed substantial relevance of patient participation in decision making in dentistry. Furthermore, a need has been discovered to refer to specific medical decisions instead of assessing autonomy preferences in general.
HPV-based cervical cancer screening in Nicaragua: from testing to treatment
Authors: Holme Francesca , Maldonado Francisco , Martinez-Granera Orlando B. , Rodriguez Jose Maria , Almendarez Juan , Slavkovsky Rose , Bansil Pooja , Thomson Kerry A. , Jeronimo Jose , de Sanjose Silvia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: In Nicaragua, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, primarily using self-sampling, was introduced between 2014 and 2018 in three provinces. We analyzed data from the HPV screening program with the goal of describing key characteristics including reach, HPV prevalence, triage and treatment, and factors associated with follow-up completion.Methods: We analyzed individual-level data from routinely collected forms for women attending HPV-based cervical cancer screening. HPV-positive women were triaged with Pap or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) prior to treatment. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with receiving triage and treatment; analyses were adjusted for province, age, and self- vs. provider-collected sampling.Findings: 44,635 women were screened with HPV testing; 96.6% of women used self-sampling. 6,776 women were HPV positive (15.2%), 54.0% of screen-positive women received triage, and 53.1% of triage-positive women were treated, primarily with cryotherapy. If women lost at triage are included, the overall treatment percentage was 27.8%. Province and provider sampling were significantly associated with completing triage. Province and triage type were significantly associated with receiving treatment. Women who were triaged with Pap were 95% less likely to receive treatment than those who were triaged by VIA (aOR: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.04–0.08, p<0.001).Conclusion: Introduction of HPV testing resulted in a substantial number of women screened, and acceptance of self-sampling was high. Management of screen-positive women remained a challenge, particularly with Pap triage. Our results can inform other developing countries as they work to reach World Health Organization (WHO) elimination targets.
Clinical and genetic study of twelve Chinese Han families with non-syndromic deafness
Authors: Wu Di , Huang Weiyuan , Li Shuo , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaohua , Tang Yan , Qiu Jinhong , Wang Zhixia , Duan Xuchu , Xu Zhenhang , Zhang Luping 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-syndromic hearing loss is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. In this study, we characterized the clinical features of twelve Chinese Han deaf families in which mutations in common deafness genes GJB2 , SLC26A4 and MT-RNR1 were excluded. RESULTS: Targeted next-generation sequencing of 147 known deafness genes was performed in probands of ten families, while whole-exome sequencing was applied in those of the rest two. Pathogenic mutations in a total of 11 rare deafness genes, OTOF , CDH23 , PCDH15 , PDZD7 , ADGRV1 , KARS , OTOG , GRXCR2 , MYO6 , GRHL2 , and POU3F4 , were identified in all 12 probands, with 17 mutations being novel. Intrafamilial co-segregation of the mutations and the deafness phenotype were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: Our results expanded the mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlation of non-syndromic hearing loss in Chinese Hans and also emphasized the importance of combining both next-generation sequencing and detailed auditory evaluation to achieve a more accurate diagnosis for non-syndromic hearing loss.
The combination of CTCs and CEA can help guide the management of patients with SPNs suspected of being lung cancer
Authors: Zheng Jian , Ye Xiong , Zhao Yuxia , He Mudan , Xiao Hui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is a common radiographic finding and require further evaluation because of the possibility of lung cancer. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) as a marker for the diagnosis of SPNs and the integration of CTCs, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and imaging findings to improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis in patients with SPNs suspected of being lung cancer.Method: For the serum biomarker assay, the concentration of CEA was measured by an automated electrochemiluminescence analyzer. CTCs were collected from 6 ml of blood by i-FISH method, which detects the gene copy number in eight chromosomes and the tumour-associated antigen CK18.Results: With a threshold of 6 CTC units, the method showed a sensitivity of 67.1% and a specificity of 56.5% in the diagnosis of NSCLC, especially in the upper lobe, in which the diagnostic strength was the highest (P < 0.01). CTCs, CEA and nodule type had the highest diagnostic efficacy (area under the curve, 0.827; 95% confidence interval, 0.752-0.901) in patients with SPNs being suspected lung cancer. Combining CTCs (cut-off value 12 units) with CEA (1.78 ng/ml), the method showed a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 90% in the diagnosis of NSCLC, especially in the upper lobe, sub solid nodules and nodules ≥8 mm.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that CTCs are feasible diagnostic biomarkers in patients with SPNs, especially in the upper lobe. Furthermore, CTCs combined with CEA showed higher diagnostic efficacy in the upper lobe, sub solid nodules and nodules ≥8 mm.