bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrification Process of Lianhua Stream in Xiamen, Fujian Province
Authors: Wang Ji Ping , Zhang Rong , Mi Li Shu , Zhu Mu Lan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The nitrification rate, ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation potential in surface water, and sediment of Lianhua Stream were studied. Laboratory microenvironment experiments show that the nitrification rate at the interface between sediment and overlying water is much higher than that in surface water, with the nitrification rate 0.08834-0.1591mg(L.d)−1 and 0.0001 - 0.0025 mg(L.d)−1 respectively. The potential of ammonia oxidation and nitrite oxidation of sediment in Lianhua Stream is also significantly higher than that of surface water. The total ammonia oxidation potential of sediment in Lianhua Stream is 8.396 - 13.247 mg.(L.d)−1, while the total nitrate oxidation potential is 3.522 - 9.322 mg.(L.d)−1. The high concentration of ammonia nitrogen promotes the activity of ammonia oxidative bacteria, which leads to the potential for high ammonia oxidation. Meanwhile, the high rate of ammonia oxidation and low rate of nitrite oxidation in the water body contribute to the accumulation of nitrites in the water.
Building A Natural Disaster Knowledge Base Expert System based on the Distributed and Incremental Crawling Technology
Authors: Chen Qiujin , He Yuanrong , Su Qun , He Tingting 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
China is one of the countries with the most natural disasters in the world. Natural disasters seriously endanger people’s safety and economic situations. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen the prediction and research on the characteristics and the causes of various natural disasters. Based on the Internet distributed and incremental crawling technology, this system crawls the knowledge literatures, disaster news and professional disaster data from domestic and overseas on natural disasters, as well as drawing on the advanced knowledge management concept, the captured data will be displayed in the form of knowledge tree. Integrating the authoritative global typhoon live maps and orthophotos which acquired by UAV to better monitor and predict typhoons; This system determined that the SSM framework is used as the system framework, combined MySQL and Redis database to store data stably and efficiently. In addition, the Echarts component can be used to analyze and visualize the crawled data. Big data analysis techniques such as knowledge graphs and related algorithms for literature analysis, data cleaning to better data store and display. In the end, it will enable the researchers to more easily and efficiently carry out the knowledge sharing, collaborative cooperation and interactive communication, which has the certain research significance and use value.
Optimization of Total Protein Extraction from Caulerpa Lentillifera Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Huang Xiaomei , Lin Shan , Cai Peng , Jiang Zhihao , Ding Bo , Shi Lirong , Huang Biaowu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to obtain the optimal extraction yield of total protein from Caulerpa lentillifera. The effects of liquid-material ratio, crushing grinding power, crushing grinding time, and reaction temperature on the extraction yield of protein were investigated, respectively. Based on single factor tests, RSM with four factors and three levels was used to determine the extraction yield of total protein. Results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 30.47:1 of liquid-material ratio, 51.15 Hz of crushing grinding power, 10.78 min of crushing grinding time and 58.62°C of reaction temperature. The extraction yield of total protein was 35.95% under optimal conditions with the relative error 0.28%. Results showed that RSM could be used to predict extraction yield of total protein from Caulerpa lentillifera with satisfactory result.
Research on Energy Efficiency Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit Based on DEA-BCC Model
Authors: Xiao Xuemei , Zhong Zihan , Wang Yanhui , Zhang Chenchen , Wu Huiyang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The scale of urban rail transit network has been expanding in recent years, and the energy consumption of urban rail transit systems is also growing. So the paper intends to study on energy efficiency of urban rail transit so as to help enterprises to reduce energy consumption and operation costs. From the perspective of economics, the paper establishes an evaluation index system for energy efficiency of urban rail transit with multi-inputs and outputs. Then DEA-BCC model is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of urban rail transit, and the empirical analysis of Beijing subway Line5, Line15 and Batong Line is carried out to verify its rationality, which aims to find the influencing factors of energy efficiency of urban rail transit from efficiency and slack variable. Last, some suggestions on how to improve energy efficiency of urban rail transit system are given in the paper.
Protection of population and water retention developments
Authors: Axman M , Krocova S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the issue of preventive civil protection from emergency incidents in water structures. The first part of the work focuses on the methods of water retention development and its use. Then follows the presentation of current status in the Czech Republic and the world regarding hydro plants. In the last part of this paper the Procedure for Estimating Loss of Life Caused by Dam Failure according to DSO-99-06, used in the USA with parameters of Whaley Dam, is described. The other part deals with possible issues of civil protection in emergency situations in dams.
Environmental aspects of changing the wastewater treatment plant technology from cleaning in rotating biological contactors in the process of nitrification and updating denitrification
Authors: Bouchal T , Tarcova T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article deals with increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment by changing the technology in the village to thousands of inhabitants. The original technology of the wastewater treatment plant from the already unsatisfactory technology of biological processes treatment was carried out after the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment using a process of directional operations with nitrification and upstream denitrification. At the end of the paper are evaluated the results of measurement and evaluation after the reconstruction of the treatment plant and the best results with the results that were measured before reconstruction. These results show that the pollution concentration has decreased for all loss indicators. All values are limited below the allowable dose limit and the greatest changes occurred in BOD5, CODCr and N-NH4 +, where the pollution dropped by at least half. Ammonia nitrogen decreased by 97% after the treatment plant reconstruction. The average decrease was by 10.7 mg/l. After the reconstruction of the wastewater treatment plant, the effects of the treatment increase, especially for N-NH4 +, Nc and Pc by 20%. In systems with sessile biomass a higher degree of sludge mineralization is used due to the higher age of microorganisms.
Monitoring of the abandoned mine Smolnik (Slovakia) influence on the aquatic environment
Authors: Demcak S , Balintova M , Holub M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Slovak Republic has a rich mining history. Despite of the decrease of mine activities in Slovak regions, there are still the abandoned sites that can cause environmental risks due to a generation of the acid mine drainages. These waters contain many toxic pollutants, mainly heavy metals and sulphates, which have negative impact on the environment. The paper deals with a study of the influence of the abandoned mine Smolnik (Slovakia) on the aquatic environment. The chemical analyses of waters reveal negative impact on the Smolnik creek after the contamination by acid mine drainages mainly sulphates and heavy metals as iron, manganese, aluminium, copper, and zinc.
Geographical information systems and monitoring of climatic conditions in cities
Authors: Faltejsek Michal , Kocurova Petra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Modern geographic information systems are able to visualize almost any information in their maps. Important is the data that the GIS should visualize. This data consists of information from the cadaster, passports or city plan. This paper discusses the possibilities of visualizing climate data based on a sensory network. The results can be used in the planning and development of the city. Internet of Things is a modern part of the Smart City concept that forms the basis of the modern city. The world’s most modern cities are equipped with hundreds or thousands of sensors. The data can be used for planning and development of the city. The result is more efficient facility management of the city, administration and operation, strategy and planning. In conjunction with building information management, more precisely city information management, significant savings can be achieved. Climatic conditions measure various institutes outside the influence of the city. For efficient use of data, the possibility to operate these sensors operatively and deploy them according to their own requirements and needs, the city should have its own sensor network for measuring climatic conditions.
Botanical and zoological aspects of the shale post-mining landscape (Jakartovice village, Czech Republic)
Authors: Kupka J , Svehlakova H , Stalmachova B , Polacek R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The area of the Jakartovice village is well known for its shale roofing tiles since the 18th century. In places where shale was exploited until 1945, abandoned areas after mining works remained. These places due to its specifical environmental conditions have important function in the post-mining landscape. There are very interesting species bond to specific environmental conditions of post - mining landscape, with frequent rare and endangered species. A basic inventory survey of plant species and communities was carried out according to the rules of the Zurich - Monpellier School. Inventory survey of animals consisted of different methods according to individual species.
Amino-functionalized polymethylmethacrylate-co-polyethyleneimine (PMMA-co-PEI) as a template to fabricate nano-silica
Authors: He Hong-Wei , Li Xin-Yuan , Zhao Zhao-Jun , Yan Xu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Polymer template method is a general and facile to fabricate nano-structural matters. Some amphiphilic polymers or co-polymers were used as templates to synthesize nano-silica. In this contribution, polymethacrylate (PMMA) employed was a commercial hydrophobic acrylate polymer and grafted with a strong hydrophilic polyethyleneimine (PEI, a densely amino-groups polymer) via aminolysis reaction, which was monitored and identified by means of FT-IR. The aminolysis reaction was optimized and the suitable reaction time was 12 h at 110 °C. The obtained copolymer, PMMA-co-PEI was applied as a template to prepare nano-silica spheres that was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). When the dosage was 1 wt% of purified PMMA-co-PEI, the resultant nano-silica had uniform particle size, and average diameter of 311 nm. When the dosage of PMMA-co-PEI was increased to 2 wt% or 4 wt%, the resultant particles became bigger and inclined to aggregate. Nano-silica afforded by this template method will be a promising material in application of catalysis, energy, biology and chromatographic analysis and the copolymer of PMMA-co-PEI will be a template for producing metal oxide nano-spheres.
Tribological performance of freeze-drying nano-copper particle as additive of paroline oil
Authors: Peng Runling , Guo Junde , Han Shaoxing , Zeng Qunfeng , Cao Wei , Du Hang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Monodispersed nano-copper particles were prepared, and the optimized method of preparation procedure was established through orthogonal experiments under four different factors. The experimental results show that the particle size of freeze-dried nano-copper particles can be adjusted by rotational speed, freezing rate, types of active agents and freezing mode, and freezing mode is the most important among all of the four factors. Tribological results of the nano-copper particles from the best optimized procedure can be improved 5%–10% than that of pure paroline oil and the lowest coefficient of friction 0.12 can be obtained for the sample of 0.05 wt%. The lubrication mechanism mostly attributed to the appropriate concentration of copper particles filling the surface pits, which is beneficial for the improvement of the tribological performance.
Surface modification and functionalization by electrical discharge coating: a comprehensive review
Authors: Liew Pay Jun , Yap Ching Yee , Wang Jingsi , Zhou Tianfeng , Yan Jiwang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hard coatings are extensively required in industry for protecting mechanical/structural parts that withstand extremely high temperature, stress, chemical corrosion, and other hostile environments. Electrical discharge coating (EDC) is an emerging surface modification technology to produce such hard coatings by using electrical discharges to coat a layer of material on workpiece surface to modify and enhance the surface characteristics or create new surface functions. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of EDC technologies for various materials, and summarises the types and key parameters of EDC processes as well as the characteristics of resulting coatings. It provides a systematic summary of the fundamentals and key features of the EDC processes, as well as its applications and future trends.
Improvement of postinpatient psychiatric follow-up for veterans using telehealth
Authors: Brearly Timothy W , Goodman Courtney S , Haynes Calandra , McDermott Katherine , Rowland Jared A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the implementation and initial outcomes of a pilot interdisciplinary telehealth clinic, Allied Transitional Telehealth Encounters post-iNpatient Discharge (ATTEND), providing clinical pharmacy specialist follow-up for veterans transitioning from inpatient to outpatient mental healthcare in a Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) hospital.

Summary
The ATTEND clinic’s primary intervention was providing medication management appointments through clinical video telehealth (CVT) to patient discharge locations through a DVA-provided tablet. An interdisciplinary team supported care through on-unit inpatient training, secure messaging, and self-help applications. Clinical outcomes were measured through readmission rates, wait times, self-report measures, and follow-up interview at the completion of ATTEND services. Twenty patients completed on-unit training, and 16 unique patients were seen for at least 1 outpatient appointment. Inpatient readmission rates were lower for ATTEND patients than with standard care (5% versus 19%, respectively). Wait times until first postdischarge mental health appointment were reduced by a mean of 18.6 (S.D., 8.8) days. The pharmacist made medication interventions, including dosing changes, education on incorrect administration, and medication discontinuation. Self-reported psychological symptoms decreased during ATTEND participation. Post-ATTEND interviews indicated high levels of acceptance and interest in continued tablet-based care. Primary challenges included unique technological limitations and effective care coordination.

Conclusion
The ATTEND telehealth clinic provided postinpatient mental health follow-up that was more prompt and convenient than conventional on-site appointments. Psychiatric self-report improved during ATTEND-facilitated transition to outpatient care, and the recidivism rate for ATTEND patients was lower than the general inpatient rate during the same time period.
Dementia Diagnosis in Seven Languages: The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III in India
Authors: Mekala Shailaja , Paplikar Avanthi , Mioshi Eneida , Kaul Subhash , Divyaraj Gollahalli , Coughlan Gillian , Ellajosyula Ratnavalli , Jala Sireesha , Menon Ramshekharn , Narayanan Jwala , Narayan Sunil , Aghoram Rajeswari , Nehra Ashima , Rajan Amulya , Sabnis Prerana , Singh Sonia Kaur , Tripathi Manjari , Verma Mansi , Saru Lekha V , Hodges John R , Alladi Suvarna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
With the rising burden of dementia globally, there is a need to harmonize dementia research across diverse populations. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) is a well-established cognitive screening tool to diagnose dementia. But there have been few efforts to standardize the use of ACE-III across cohorts speaking different languages. The present study aimed to standardize and validate ACE-III across seven Indian languages and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the test to detect dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the context of language heterogeneity.

Methods
The original ACE-III was adapted to Indian languages: Hindi, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Urdu, Tamil, and Indian English by a multidisciplinary expert group. The ACE-III was standardized for use across all seven languages. In total, 757 controls, 242 dementia, and 204 MCI patients were recruited across five cities in India for the validation study. Psychometric properties of adapted versions were examined and their sensitivity and specificity were established.

Results
The sensitivity and specificity of ACE-III in identifying dementia ranged from 0.90 to 1, sensitivity for MCI ranged from 0.86 to 1, and specificity from 0.83 to 0.93. Education but not language was found to have an independent effect on ACE-III scores. Optimum cut-off scores were established separately for low education (≤10 years of education) and high education (&gt;10 years of education) groups.

Conclusions
The adapted versions of ACE-III have been standardized and validated for use across seven Indian languages, with high diagnostic accuracy in identifying dementia and MCI in a linguistically diverse context.
Effect of bariatric surgery on long-term cardiovascular outcomes: a nationwide nested cohort study
Authors: Moussa Osama , Ardissino Maddalena , Heaton Tobias , Tang Alice , Khan Omar , Ziprin Paul , Darzi Ara , Collins Peter , Purkayastha Sanjay 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to evaluate the long-term effect of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular outcomes of patients with obesity.

Methods and results
A nested cohort study was carried out within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. The study cohort included the 3701 patients on the database who had undergone bariatric surgery and 3701 age, gender, and body mass index-matched controls. The primary endpoint was the composite of fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal or non-fatal ischaemic stroke. Secondary endpoints included fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction alone, fatal or non-fatal ischaemic stroke alone, incident heart failure, and mortality. The median follow-up achieved was 11.2 years. Patients who had undergone bariatric surgery had a significantly lower occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) 0.410, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.274–0.615; P &lt; 0.001]. This was mainly driven by a reduction in myocardial infarction (HR 0.412, 95% CI 0.280–0.606; P &lt; 0.001) and not in acute ischaemic stroke (HR 0.536, 95% CI 0.164–1.748; P = 0.301). A reduction was also observed in new diagnoses of heart failure (HR 0.403, 95% CI 0.181–0.897; P = 0.026) and mortality (HR 0.254, 95% CI 0.183–0.353; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The results of this large, nationwide cohort study support the association of bariatric surgery with lower long-term risk of major cardiovascular events and incident heart failure in patients with obesity.
A randomized trial of contact force in atrial flutter ablation
Authors: Giehm-Reese Mikkel , Kronborg Mads Brix , Lukac Peter , Kristiansen Steen Buus , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf , Gerdes Christian , Kristensen Jens , Nielsen Jan Møller , Nielsen Jens Cosedis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
Contact force (CF) sensing has emerged as a tool to guide and improve outcomes for catheter ablation (CA) for cardiac arrhythmias. The clinical benefit on patient outcomes remains unknown. To study whether CF-guided CA for typical atrial flutter (AFL) is superior to CA not guided by CF.

Methods and results
In a double-blinded controlled superiority trial, we randomized patients 1:1 to receive CA for typical AFL guided by CF (intervention group) or blinded to CF (control group). In the intervention group, a specific value of the lesion size index (LSI), estimating ablation lesions size was targeted for each ablation lesion. Patients underwent electrophysiological study (EPS) after 3 months to assess occurrence of the primary endpoint of re-conduction across the cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI). We included 156 patients with typical AFL, median age was 68 [interquartile range (IQR) 61–74] years and 120 (77%) patients were male. At index procedure median LSI was higher in the intervention group [6.4 (IQR 5.1–7) vs. 5.6 (IQR 4.5–6.9), P &lt; 0.0001]. After 3 months, 126 patients (58 in intervention group) underwent EPS for primary endpoint assessment. Thirty (24%) patients had CTI re-conduction, distributed with 15 patients in each treatment group (P = 0.62). We observed no difference between treatment groups with regard to fluoroscopy, ablation, or procedure times, nor peri-procedural complications.

Conclusion
Contact force-guided ablation does not reduce re-conduction across the CTI after 3 months, nor does CF-guided ablation shorten fluoroscopy, ablation, or total procedure times.
Cervical cancer (over)screening in Belgium and Switzerland: trends and social inequalities
Authors: De Prez Vincent , Jolidon Vladimir , Willems Barbara , Cullati Stéphane , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Bracke Piet 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer screening (CCS) by means of Pap smears has led to a decrease in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. In the absence of organized programmes, CCS is opportunistic in Belgium and Switzerland. This might result in a high level of CCS overuse, as screening practices do not conform to the recommended 3-yearly screening interval and the target age-ranges (Belgium: 25–64, Switzerland: 20–70). This study aimed to assess trends in CCS uptake and overuse in Belgium and Switzerland and their social determinants, in the light of reimbursement initiatives, which were implemented in both countries.

Methods
Data from five waves of the Belgian Health Interview Survey (1997–2013) (N=11 141) and Swiss Health Interview Survey (1992–2012) (N=32 696) were used. We performed Poisson regressions to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (APR), controlled for socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics and health status. CCS overuse was operationalized as screening more than once every 3 years and screening above recommended age-range.

Results
CCS uptake remained relatively stable over time, with a mean coverage of 70.9% in Belgium and 73.1% in Switzerland. Educational and income gradients were found in both countries. Concerning CCS overuse, women above screening-eligible age showed consistently high screening rates, but screening within the past year declined significantly in both countries, matching the temporal implementation of the reimbursement initiatives.

Conclusions
Although no increase in CCS coverage could be established, CCS has become more efficient in both countries as Pap smear overuse at the population level has declined after the implementation of reimbursement measures tackling CCS overuse.