bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training of specialists for the implementation of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Synchrotron and Neutron Research and Research Infrastructure during 2019-2027
Authors: Nikolaenko A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In 2019 a comprehensive solution to the tasks of accelerated development of synchrotron and neutron research in Russia was given by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation. This was important for the creation of breakthrough technologies, as well as the design of the megascience class research infrastructure in our country. The network of megascience facilities by 2027 is planned to include synchrotron radiation sources in Moscow, Protvino, Novosibirsk and Vladivostok, neutron radiation source in Gatchina, huge scientific and medical centers. The head scientific organization for these significant activities became National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”. The development, construction, operation of megascience class facilities requires large-scale training of specialists and scientific personnel in various fields (Physics of Nanosystems, Optics, Solid State Physics, Materials Science, Physical Chemistry, Electronics, etc.). The article describes the key areas of work in the field of education, which includes creation specific programs for secondary general education, secondary vocational education, higher education, advanced training and professional retraining. It presents the mechanisms of training specialists for Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Synchrotron and Neutron Research and Research Infrastructure during 2019-2027. The plans of creation of an integrated scientific and educational community are announced.
Acmeological determinants of experts selections for “mega science” class projects
Authors: Kirichenko A V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presented is the continuation of the development of psychological and acmeological features of training managers, experts, specialists for projects of the “mega science” class. The need to use the achievement of qualifier science in order to increase the reliability and accuracy of measurement of various parameters, which have a significant impact on the effectiveness of professional activities, is proved. On the basis of a competent approach, a model of the subject of personnel qualifiers - an expert has been developed. The system of competences that an expert should have for “mega science” class projects is described. It is substantiated that the model of the subject of personnel qualifiers should meet, in addition to traditional, a number of additional criteria reflecting the conditions and specifics of professional activities, which are the basis for the formation of key acmeological determinants of the selection of experts for “mega science” class projects. In addition, it is noted that the distinctive feature of the subject of personnel qualifiers is the obligatory achievement of the expert professional “akme” in his professional field, within the framework of “mega science” class projects.
Organizational and legal forms of implementation of megascience projects
Authors: Gorlova E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Support of fundamental science as a backbone institution for the long-term development of the nation is a priority task of the modern state. In order to fulfill this task, some countries develop an advanced infrastructure of research, development, and innovation, which includes creation and development of a network of unique megascience-class installations which provide solutions to key research tasks of the world scientific agenda aimed at obtaining new fundamental knowledge necessary for the long-term development of the country. The combination of public interests and income generation is a fundamental task that the state is trying to solve, by implementing national programs and using all its tools and methods of influence to achieve the strategic goals of the strategy of scientific and technological development. The scale of megascience projects urges us to think about the choice of their optimal legal structures, which can be divided into two groups: public and private. One of the urgent tasks of lawmakers and law enforcement agencies is to choose (or create) the optimal legal structure of the megascience projects that meets the interests of both the state and private entities.
Status of the FAIR facility in Darmstadt
Authors: Selyuzhenkov I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is currently being built in Darmstadt, Germany. The SIS100 accelerator is at the heart of FAIR and will provide proton and heavy-ion beams for a variety of experiments. There are four main research pillars at FAIR specialized in the field of nuclear, hadron and elementary particle physics, atomic and antimatter physics, high density plasma physics, as well as applications in condensed matter physics, biology and the biomedical sciences. In these proceedings I briefly review the main research pillars of FAIR and the status of its realization.
Status of the mega-science project NICA
Authors: Taranenko A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Mega-Science project NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) is under construction at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna (Russia). This is the first international mega-science project which will be build on the territory of the Russian Federation. The heavy ion programme at NICA includes two planned detector systems: the Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron (BM@N) and the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD). The mission of future experiments at NICA is to explore the phase diagram of QCD matter at collision energies, where the highest net-baryon densities will be created. The perspectives for the experiments at NICA and the designed physics performance of the detector components will be presented and discussed.
Status of the Experiments at the Megascience Complex RHIC
Authors: Nigmatkulov Grigory 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a megascience complex that is dedicated to study the properties of nuclear matter at extreme temperatures and baryon chemical potentials, and to study the spin structure of the proton. In these proceedings, the current status and future developments of the megasciece complex RHIC are presented.
Energy Master Planning on neighbourhood level: learnings on stakeholders and constraints from the Norwegian case of Ydalir
Authors: Baer Daniela , Haase Matthias 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While energy planning on the building level is characterized by a limited number of stakeholders and a clear ambition setting, this situation changes when expanding to a neighbourhood level. Depending on the context of the neighbourhood, energy planning is challenged to align several stakeholders and define common ambitions and measures suitable to optimize the outcome of energy planning. In Norway, energy planning on neighbourhood level is a relatively new approach. We apply the Energy Master Planning (EMP) concept developed during the IEA EBC Annex 73 to describe the planning process within the Norwegian case study of Ydalir, which ambition is to become zero-emission. Through a qualitative research approach, we identify stakeholders involved, their role and impact, and indicate constraints on EMP implementation so far. We show how the concept of EMP must be further developed, to reply to evidence-based constraints in implementing and reaching for high ambitions in cutting down energy use and emission. This paper relates to the UN development goal 11 of Smart Cities and Communities.
Digitally Engaged? Reflections and recommendations for engaging citizens in smart cities
Authors: Bull R , Dooley K , Mazhar M , Preston S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A significant cultural shift occurred over recent decades, with the majority of the world’s population now living in cities and contributing over two thirds of global carbon emissions. If countries around the world are to meet challenging global carbon reduction targets, then how our cities are governed and managed to maximize energy efficiency is of vital importance. Faith is increasingly being placed in what are commonly referred to as ‘smart cities.’ Smart cities seemingly offer a utopian vision of urban integration, efficiency and [subsequent] carbon reductions, yet urbanisation presents real challenges, as noted by Sustainable Development Goal 11: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. Cities are made up of people and increasingly both policymakers and practitioners are starting to see citizens as an essential stakeholder, even if there is a blurring over the boundaries between citizens and consumers. It is unclear what these people actually refer to when they talk about citizen engagement. Adopting key theoretical underpinning of ladder of participation (Arnstein), this research will present findings from case studies of novel citizen engagement from around the world, notably Nottingham (UK), Espoo (Finland) and Portland (USA). Utilising semi-structured interview material findings are analysed through critical framework of citizen engagement to see whether they fulfil the notion of smart cities and communities. Specifically, new forms of engagement that do not fit previously held assumptions around participation need to be considered. Recommendations are provided for increasing new forms of citizen engagement in smart city strategies in order to ensure they are fully adopted and embedded.
Energy Performance Certificate for buildings as a strategy for the energy transition: Stakeholder insights on shortcomings
Authors: Cozza Stefano , Chambers Jonathan , Brambilla Arianna , Patel Martin K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Improving building performance is key to tackling the challenges of climate change, considering that buildings account for 40% of the global energy consumption. The urgent need for energy efficiency improvement of buildings calls for the implementation of suitable policy instruments, including performance assessments. Currently, the performance of buildings is officially assessed by Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) schemes. However, EPCs certify the design more than the building, relying on simulations and assumptions rather than on the buildings’ actual demand for energy which is partly determined by occupant behaviour, execution of the work and malfunctioning of the equipment. This work investigates how the governance of the performance certification scheme could be improved with the objective of a more robust EPC scheme. Based on a qualitative study through interviews with energy experts the current EPC system in Switzerland is characterized, allowing to understand important limitations. The insights help to shape a list of recommendations for further development of the EPC scheme. This research is relevant because the failure to correctly assess building performance leads to excess carbon emissions and higher energy costs, undermining the attainability of the energy policy targets.
Social Network Analysis of Building Energy and Carbon Policy Networks in Developing Countries
Authors: Madhusanka Nandun , Pan Wei , Kumaraswamy Mohan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
More than two thirds of countries worldwide, the majority being developing countries still have not implemented mandatory regulations to control building energy usage and carbon emissions despite the rapidly increasing building stock in these regions. Thus, it is vital to develop effective energy and carbon policies for buildings in developing countries. Developing such effective policies in turn, needs well-structured policy networks consisting of efficiently connected key actors in policy implementation. A database search revealed significantly less progress in implementing the building energy and carbon policies in developing countries, compared with developed countries. Previous literature suggested Policy Network Analysis (PNA) as a powerful tool to assess current policy level actor coalitions, determine structural holes in stakeholder integration and decide on future policy improvements. Subsequently, a database search was carried out through the “Web of Science” publications repository to identify the previous PNA approaches and to identify a potential way forward. Among the available methods, Social Network Analysis (SNA) was identified as the most suitable and frequently used method which provides extensive analytical capabilities for policy network visualization and analysis. The preliminary findings lead to the novel SNA model that is proposed to map and assess required building energy and carbon policy networks which integrate both policy actors and constraints. This proposed model can be effectively utilized to identify the significance, centrality and relational structures of policy actors and policy constraints. This paper will benefit future researchers and relevant policy makers by providing an effective platform on which to further develop more effective energy and carbon policies for the building sector by strengthening stakeholder collaboration and integration.
GHG emission requirements and benchmark values for Norwegian buildings
Authors: Wiik MK , Selvig E , Fuglseth M , Lausselet C , Resch E , Andresen I , Brattebø H , Hahn U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As a response to the Paris agreement, Norway is committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50 percent by 2030. Highly energy-efficient buildings have a greater proportion of embodied GHG emissions from material use (55-87%) compared to operational emissions. A new national standard, NS3720:2018 a methodology for greenhouse gas emission calculations for buildings, has harmonised the life cycle assessment (LCA) calculation of environmental impacts arising from Norwegian buildings and has led to an increase in LCAs. This paper aims to collect life cycle GHG emission data on Norwegian building case studies to help form recommendations for national GHG emission requirements and benchmark values that can be used by the Research centre for zero emission neighbourhoods in smart cities (FME ZEN), Futurebuilt and in Norwegian building codes (TEK). To do this, a statistical analysis of a reference sample is carried out to provide bottom-up derived reference values. Empirical life cycle GHG emission data results are collected from Norwegian building case studies in the reference, design and as-built project phases, sampled from Norwegian programmes and research centres such as Futurebuilt, Framtidens Byer, ZEB and ZEN. Altogether 133 Norwegian building cases have been gathered from 2009-2020, covering 1,023,738m2 of heated floor area for 49,360 building users. A functional unit of ‘1m2 of heated floor area over a building lifetime of 60 years is used. The results show an interquartile range of 240-492 kgCO2eq/m2 or 4-8.2 kgCO2eq/m2/yr, a median of 396 kgCO2eq/m2 or 6.6 kgCO2eq/m2/yr and a mean of 324 kgCO2eq/m2 or 5,4 kgCO2eq/m2/yr for all building typologies in the as-built phase. These results can be used to form initial indications for GHG emission requirements and benchmark values in Norway.
Redesigning public governance of the Danish built environment from relative to absolute metrics
Authors: Hansen Hanne Tine Ring , Lynge Kasper 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Planet Earth is imbalanced due to human comsumption, growth in population and exponential reaction chains in Nature. New theories of sustainable development are challenging status quo. Examples of these theories are 1) Circular Economy, 2) Absolute Sustainability and 3) Doughnut Economy. These models for sustainable development challenge the built environment in Denmark where governance currently focuses on realising relative reductions in impact. Where each building permit is given based on compliance with a theoretical energy frame which defines the maximum annual permitted energy consumption per m2. There is however no limit to the number of m2 built each year. This essentially means that more and more m2 are built each year and the building industry is nowhere near realising the necessary reductions in environmental impact. Furthermore, the energy frame is a theoretical framework that neglects to consider human behaviour and comfort of building users. If compliance with the Paris agreement is to be within reach there is thus an urgent need to redesign governance of the built environment. This paper presents a short review of the theories behind Circular Economy, Absolute Sustainability and Doughnut Economy, as well as, a review of how building permits are currently given in Denmark. Based on these reviews an idea for how to redesign public governance of the built environment is presented. The idea focuses on the practicalities of 1) how to move from relative to absolute metrics and 2) how to redesign the way the building permits are given. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this affects processes and stakeholders involved in the built environment and conditions that ensure practical implementation of the idea.
Bridging the gap between assessment and action: recommendations for the effective use of LCA in the building process
Authors: Beemsterboer Sjouke , Baumann Henrikke , Wallbaum Holger 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) witnesses increasing popularity in the built environment. LCA stimulates among others an efficient use of natural resources and a reduction of carbon emissions through quantification of material and energy inputs and emissions in the building life cycle. Thereby, LCA aspires to contribute to SDG12 on ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns. Despite high ambitions, the actual influence of LCA in construction projects is often modest. The mere application of LCA methodology in a building project is insufficient to produce a more environmentally friendly building. To better understand the practical conditions under which an LCA may induce change in a building project, we propose to analyse the use of LCA from a processual perspective. This paper presents a case study of a building product development project in which a processual perspective is applied on LCA. Using a longitudinal ethnographic methodology, key actors are followed through environmentally relevant episodes as the building project matures. A progressive LCA quantifies the potential environmental impact of the project as it progresses through different stages of the building process. Based on the learnings from this study, recommendations are presented to support the effective use of LCA in sustainable building practices, and contribute to SDG12 on sustainable consumption and production patterns.
Implications of using systematic decomposition structures to organize building LCA information: A comparative analysis of national standards and guidelines- IEA EBC ANNEX 72
Authors: Soust-Verdaguer B , García Martínez A , Llatas C , Gómez de Cózar J.C. , Allacker K , Trigaux D , Alsema E , Berg B , Dowdell D , Debacker W , Frischknecht R , Ramseier L , Veselka J , Volf M , Hajek P , Lupíšek A , Malik Z , Habert G , Hollberg A , Lasvaux S , Peuportier B , Pomponi F , Wastiel L , Gomes V , Zara O , Gomes M , Gusson Baiocchi A , Pulgrossi L , Ouellet-Plamondon C , Moncaster A , Di Bari R , Horn R , Lenz K , Balouktsi M , Lützkendorf T , Röck M , Hoxha E , Passer A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction:The application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technique to a building requires the collection and organization of a large amount of data over its life cycle. The systematic decomposition method can be used to classify building components, elements and materials, overcome specific difficulties that are encountered when attempting to complete the life cycle inventory and increase the reliability and transparency of results. In this paper, which was developed in the context of the research project IEA EBC Annex 72, we demonstrate the implications of taking such approach and describe the results of a comparison among different national standards/guidelines that are used to conduct LCA for building decomposition.Methods:We initially identified the main characteristics of the standards/guidelines used by Annex participant countries. The “be2226” reference office building was used as a reference to apply the different national standards/guidelines related to building decomposition. It served as a basis of comparison, allowing us to identify the implications of using different systems/standards in the LCA practice, in terms of how these differences affect the LCI structures, LCA databases and the methods used to communicate results. We also analyzed the implications of integrating these standards/guidelines into Building Information Modelling (BIM) to support LCA.Results:Twelve national classification systems/standards/guidelines for the building decomposition were compared. Differences were identified among the levels of decomposition and grouping principles, as well as the consequences of these differences that were related to the LCI organization. In addition, differences were observed among the LCA databases and the structures of the results.Conclusions:The findings of this study summarize and provide an overview of the most relevant aspects of using a standardized building decomposition structure to conduct LCA. Recommendations are formulated on the basis of these findings.
Management system for building materials as a basis for closed loop material flow analysis considering material efficiency and climate change mitigation
Authors: Schiller G , Lützkendorf T , Lehmann I , Mörmann K , Gruhler K , Knappe F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Resource management is becoming increasingly important in the construction sector. In order to support the recycling of materials, it is necessary to determine the quantities in the building stock and those caused by construction activities. At present, a large number of different actors use different categories for construction materials and the raw materials they consist of as well as for waste categories, depending on their field of activity. This results in imprecisions that make it difficult to consistently track and influence mass flows and hinder targeted resource management. This is the starting point of this paper as it discusses possibilities to establish a consistent allocation of materials to context-typical groups following the approach of continuous material flow analysis. On the input-side, aspects of mineral planning and on the output-side aspects of waste and secondary raw material management are being considered and references to grey emissions are established along the entire process chain. In this way, cross-departmental planning relating to recycling management and climate protection will be supported. With regard to the object of consideration and the level of action, a distinction is made between two different spatial scale levels: on the one hand, the individual building level, where the material inventory approach is used to provide detailed information on the building’s material composition, and on the other hand the regional level, for which more aggregated information on building material groups is provided in the form of material cadastres. Current results of a research project in Germany are presented.
Research for energy use of high environmental performance building in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi H , Takaguchi H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recently, the increase in energy consumption of commercial building is remarkable, and energy-saving is continuously required. Therefore, the government is promoting high environmental performance building. In this situation DECC (Database for Energy Consumption of Commercial building) committee collected the data of the energy consumption and published them as a database. However, analysis about High environmental Performance Building (HPB) has not been conducted in DECC database. So, I extract HPB from DECC database and analyze the consumption.