bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P211 COMPARISON OF PROGNOSTIC VALUE FOR G8 SCREENING TOOLS WITH FTRST IN OLDER PATIENTS OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Masayoshi Terayama , Kazuhiko Yamada , Noriyuki Saito , Hitomi Wake , Atsuko Kataoka , Naoki Enomoto , Kyoko Nohara , Nobuyuki Takemura , Tomomichi Kiyomatsu , Norihiro Kokudo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
We investigated two prognostic value of geriatric screening tools, G8 and Flemish version of the Triage Risk Screening Tool (fTRST), for overall survival and postoperative outcome in older patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (EC).

Backgrounds&Method
The elderly cancer population is a very heterogeneous group due to differences in comorbidities and functional status. G8 and fTRST are short and easy tools to administer in clinical settings and reported to be useful for identifying patients with geriatric risks. However, the prognostic value of G8 and fTRST has not been compared in EC patients after surgery.
Patients aged ≥ 70 years old with EC were retrospectively included who received an operation at National Center for Global Health and Medicine from April 2014 to December 2017. G8 and fTRST were administered to all patients. The impaired were defined as a G8 ≤ 14 and fTRST ≥ 2. We evaluated overall survival (OS) and 30-day postoperative complications classified into Clavien-Dindo (CD) severity grade.

Results
63 patients were included. Median age was 76 years (range, 70 to 89 years), and 84% of patients were men. 44 patients (69%) were G8 impaired, 22 patients (34%) were fTRST impaired, 23 patients (36%) were impaired on both screening tools. G8 was an independent predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio 9.9; 95% confidence interval 1.24-79.4, p=0.02), while fTRST was not. The CD≥3 postoperative complications occurred in 33 patients (52%).
In univariable logistic regressions, ECOG-PS, G8 and fTRST were associated with CD≥3 complications. G8 alone was not independently predictive for CD≥3 complications, however combined with fTRST, the predictive value of G8 was increased (p=0.001).

Conclusions
G8 is useful for prognostic value of OS and prior to fTRST in EC. G8 combined with Ftrst has the strongest predictive value for postoperative CD≥3 complications. Further studies are needed to design interventions to improve outcomes for those frail patients.
Patent disclosure and England’s early industrial revolution
Authors: Cox Gary W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Did the English patent system helps to spark the Industrial Revolution? Most scholars addressing this question have focused on whether patents improved the economic incentive to invent. In contrast, I focus on whether patents improved access to useful knowledge—via the requirement (instituted in 1734) that patentees provide technical specifications for their inventions. I documented a structural break in per capita patenting in 1734—but only in London, where specifications were stored. I also documented a structural shift in London-based inventors’ responsiveness to non-metropolitan patents in 1734, when specifications for them became regularly available.
Long-Term Trends in Adult Socio-Economic Resemblance between Former Schoolmates and Neighbouring Children
Authors: Hermansen Are Skeie , Borgen Nicolai T , Mastekaasa Arne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSchools and residential neighbourhoods constitute key contexts of development beyond the family of origin. Yet, few prior studies address whether the overall impact of these childhood contexts on adult life chances has changed over time. In this article, we investigate changes in socio-economic resemblance between former schoolmates and neighbouring children using Norwegian administrative data covering three decades. We use cross-classified multilevel models to decompose the variance in children’s educational attainment and adult earnings into the contributions found within and between their school and neighbourhood contexts in adolescence. We find that unadjusted school and neighbourhood correlations in educational attainment are relatively modest and declining over time. These trends largely reflect declining socio-economic segregation between schools and neighbourhoods over time. After adjusting for sorting by family background, schools account for 2 per cent or less of the total variation in completed years of education in the more recent cohorts and neighbourhoods even less. For adult earnings, the adjusted school correlations are very low, accounting for around 1 per cent of the total variance, while the contribution of neighbourhoods is close to zero. Our findings suggest that adolescent school and neighbourhood contexts are not major determinants of children’s later-life socio-economic attainments in the Norwegian welfare state setting.
An Assessment of Soil Compaction after Logging Operations in Central Amazonia
Authors: DeArmond Daniel , Ferraz João B S , Emmert Fabiano , Lima Adriano José Nogueira , Higuchi Niro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the forests of the Amazon Basin, there are still few studies on soil compaction caused by logging activities. This study evaluated an operation located on the property of a timber company in Central Amazonia, which uses harvesting techniques based on the harvesting system developed by the Centre for Agricultural Research in Suriname. The timber-extraction method employed by the timber company consists of three activities: (1) skid trail construction with a track-type tractor, (2) log winching with a winch attached to the tractor, and (3) log skidding with a rubber-tired skidder. Soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance were quantified to 20 cm in depth. After a single tractor ingress and egress for trail construction, the soil incurred an increased root growth-limiting bulk density and penetration resistance. However, log winching did not cause significant soil compaction. The conclusions of the study were: (1) the greatest impact from this harvesting system came from the skid trail construction, (2) the technique of log winching limited forest floor compaction and disturbance that damages forest regeneration, and (3) log skidding during dry soil conditions limited increases in compaction and track formation.
Assessment of Disturbances across Forest Inventory Plots in the Southeastern United States for the Period 1995–2018
Authors: Ojha Santosh K , Naka Kozma , Dimov Luben D 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDisturbances of varying frequency and intensity shape the species composition, stand structure, and functions of forests. This study assessed the frequency and distribution of disturbances caused by eight agents (insects, diseases, fire, animals, weather, other vegetation, human, and unknown) in the forests of the southeastern United States from 1995 to 2018. We used data from 88,722 inventory measurements of 33,531 plots from the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis database to assess disturbance among different forest types and to different canopy strata. Disturbances were detected in approximately 14 percent of the plots, located mostly in pine-dominated forest types. Fire was the most frequent disturbance agent (occurring 6 percent of the time), followed by weather and animal agents. The agents that caused the highest mortality rate during the period for saplings were silvicultural treatments (8.6 percent), other vegetation (5.6 percent), and fire (4.4 percent), whereas for trees they were silvicultural treatments (9.8 percent), weather (1.9 percent) and insects (1.7 percent). The forest type that appeared to have been most affected by disturbances was longleaf–slash pine of the Coastal Plain. These results are useful for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of disturbance events in different southeastern forest types and locations and for guiding forest management activities to mitigate potential impacts.
Division of roles and endogenous specialization
Authors: Christensen Michael , Knudsen Thorbjørn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe extend a core idea in James G. March’s work, that an ecology of experiential learners may generate endogenous specialization. Although prior work has studied how division of labor, in the form of task assignments, drives experience effects, we are interested in understanding how division of roles endogenously drives a process of task division, which in turn drives experience effects. The insights from a case study in a bank allow us to capture joint learning among employees who screen loan applications. Organizational roles provide constraints on the way learners interact, and thereby shape the pattern of the learning process as reflected in the subjects’ screening functions. We develop an analytical platform—a dynamic screening model—that allow us to extract a mechanism, which can explain the observed screening functions. After fitting the model to data obtained from the case study, we find that organizations’ role structures generate distinct patterns of interaction, which in turn lead to distinct patterns of specialization among agents. Our analytical platform offers a broad range of extensions that can be applied to study organizational design and learning. More generally, we hope to revitalize the notion of the organization as a system of interacting roles as a useful analytical perspective in strategy and organization science.
Empowering Community Water Data Stakeholders
Authors: Carroll John Millar , Beck Jordan , Boyer Elizabeth W , Dhanorkar Shipi , Gupta Srishti 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccess to clean water is a critical challenge and opportunity for community-level collaboration. People rely on local water sources, but awareness of water quality and participation in water management is often limited. Lack of community engagement can increase risks of water catastrophes, such as those in Flint, Michigan, and Cape Town, South Africa. We investigated water quality practices in a watershed system serving c.100 000 people in the United States. We identified a range of entities including government and nonprofit citizen groups that gather water quality data. Many of these data are accessible in principle to citizens. However, the data are scattered and diverse; information infrastructures are primitive and not integrated. Water quality data and data practices are hidden in plain sight. Based on fieldwork, we consider sociotechnical courses of action, drawing on best practices in human–computer interaction and community informatics, data and environmental systems management.
Intra-abdominal tuberculosis masquerading as ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yaying Eileen , Tan Kimberley , Hendahewa Rasika 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Intra-abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is rare in Australia, but it can be found in those who emigrate from endemic areas. We report a rare case of a 28-year-old lady from the Philippines who presented with abdominal pain, ascites and an elevated cancer antigen (CA) 125 with an initial concern of ovarian malignancy. She underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy which revealed typical features of intra-abdominal TB and histological features of granulomatous inflammation. The symptoms and signs of intra-abdominal TB are non-specific and can mimic many other conditions. The gold-standard mode of diagnosis in intra-abdominal TB is laparoscopy with tissue biopsy. Ovarian malignancy is relatively rare in pre-menopausal women; hence an elevated CA 125 warrants a broader differential diagnosis. It is important to have intra-abdominal TB as a differential even in the non-endemic settings to avoid delay in diagnosis and appropriate management.
Roles of the multiplex real-time PCR assay and β-D-glucan in a high-risk population for intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC)
Authors: Fortún J , Buitrago M J , Gioia F , Gómez-Gª de la Pedrosa E , Alvarez M E , Martín-Dávila P , Pintado V , Cobeta P , Martinez-Castro N , Soriano C , Moreno I , Corral S , Muñoz P , Moreno-Jimenez G , Cuenca-Estrella M , Moreno-Guillen S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (MRT-PCR) using blood can improve the diagnosis of intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC). We prospectively studied 39 patients with suspected IAC in the absence of previous antifungal therapy. Blood cultures, MRT-PCR, and β-D-glucan (BDG) in serum were performed in all patients. IAC was defined according to the 2013 European Consensus criteria. For MRT-PCR, the probes targeted the ITS1 or ITS2 regions of ribosomal DNA. Candidaemia was confirmed only in four patients (10%), and IAC criteria were present in 17 patients (43.6%). The sensitivity of MRT-PCR was 25% but increased to 63.6% (P = .06) in plasma obtained prior to volume overload and transfusion; specificity was above 85% in all cases. BDG performance was improved using a cutoff &gt; 260 pg/ml, and improvement was not observed in samples obtained before transfusion. In this cohort of high risk of IAC and low rate of bloodstream infection, the performance of non-culture-based methods (MRT-PCR or BDG) was moderate but may be a complementary tool given the limitations of diagnostic methods available in clinical practice. Volume overload requirements, in combination with other factors, decrease the accuracy of MRT-PCR in patients with IAC.
When a period is not a full stop: Light-curve structure reveals fundamental parameters of Cepheid and RR Lyrae stars
Authors: Bellinger Earl P , Kanbur Shashi M , Bhardwaj Anupam , Marconi Marcella 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The period of pulsation and the structure of the light curve for Cepheid and RR Lyrae variables depend on the fundamental parameters of the star: mass, radius, luminosity, and effective temperature. Here, we train artificial neural networks on theoretical pulsation models to predict the fundamental parameters of these stars based on their period and light-curve structure. We find significant improvements to estimates of these parameters made using light-curve structure and period over estimates made using only the period. Given that the models are able to reproduce most observables, we find that the fundamental parameters of these stars can be estimated up to 60 per cent more accurately when light-curve structure is taken into consideration. We quantify which aspects of light-curve structure are most important in determining fundamental parameters, and find, for example, that the second Fourier amplitude component of RR Lyrae light curves is even more important than period in determining the effective temperature of the star. We apply this analysis to observations of hundreds Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud and thousands of RR Lyrae in the Magellanic Clouds and Galactic bulge to produce catalogues of estimated masses, radii, luminosities, and other parameters of these stars. As an example application, we estimate Wesenheit indices and use those to derive distance moduli to the Magellanic Clouds of μLMC,CEP = 18.688 ± 0.093, μLMC,RRL = 18.52 ± 0.14, and μSMC,RRL = 18.88 ± 0.17 mag.
Hybrid approach for treating the depolarization of the solar lines of the Ba ii, Ca ii, and Mg ii ions by collisions
Authors: Derouich M 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Isotropic collisions between atoms of hydrogen and solar ions emitting polarized light contribute to reducing the observed polarization (depolarization). The aim of this work is to apply a hybrid method in order to provide new collisional depolarization rates of the 2P1/2 and 2P3/2 states of the Mg ii, Ca ii, and Ba ii ions. The hybrid method proposed in this work takes into account the spin effects in the calculation of the interaction potential and in the treatment of the collision dynamics. We detect the region of the interaction potential that is of importance in the determination of the depolarization rates. We conclude that the best strategy is to combine semiclassical and quantum potentials in order to build the so-called hybrid potentials. The dynamics of collisions proposed in this work is based on coupled differential equations that take into account the effects of the spins of the Mg ii, Ca ii, and Ba ii ions and the spin of the hydrogen. Hybrid depolarization rates are then inferred by solving the dynamics of collisions and using hybrid potentials. Comparison with previous quantum and semiclassical rates is presented. Our results should be of use for interpreting solar spectropolarimetric observations and our method can be applied to other ions.
Absolute magnitude of small cosmic dust particles
Authors: Zubko Evgenij 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Agglomerated debris particles are realistic model cosmic dust particles that reproduce their highly irregular and fluffy morphology. We compute the absolute magnitude of these model particles in the broad-band filters B, V, R, and I from the widely used Johnson–Cousins photometric system. These data are aimed at providing simple quantitative interpretation of brightness of a cloud of cosmic dust, such as cometary coma, zodiacal light, lunar horizon glow, etc. Using this information, number of dust particles can be estimated from the apparent magnitude of the cloud and therefore the total volume of dust. It is significant that the smallest volume of dust is achieved using submicron particles.
Cross-subunit catalysis and a new phenomenon of recessive resurrection in Escherichia coli RNase E
Authors: Ali Nida , Gowrishankar Jayaraman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRNase E is a 472-kDa homo-tetrameric essential endoribonuclease involved in RNA processing and turnover in Escherichia coli. In its N-terminal half (NTH) is the catalytic active site, as also a substrate 5′-sensor pocket that renders enzyme activity maximal on 5′-monophosphorylated RNAs. The protein's non-catalytic C-terminal half (CTH) harbours RNA-binding motifs and serves as scaffold for a multiprotein degradosome complex, but is dispensable for viability. Here, we provide evidence that a full-length hetero-tetramer, composed of a mixture of wild-type and (recessive lethal) active-site mutant subunits, exhibits identical activity in vivo as the wild-type homo-tetramer itself (‘recessive resurrection’). When all of the cognate polypeptides lacked the CTH, the active-site mutant subunits were dominant negative. A pair of C-terminally truncated polypeptides, which were individually inactive because of additional mutations in their active site and 5′-sensor pocket respectively, exhibited catalytic function in combination, both in vivo and in vitro (i.e. intragenic or allelic complementation). Our results indicate that adjacent subunits within an oligomer are separately responsible for 5′-sensing and cleavage, and that RNA binding facilitates oligomerization. We propose also that the CTH mediates a rate-determining initial step for enzyme function, which is likely the binding and channelling of substrate for NTH’s endonucleolytic action.
Greek Vase Painting
Authors: Smith Tyler Jo 
Published: November 2019

Greek vase-painting is one of the best studied areas of classical antiquity. Figure decorated pottery, often called “vases,” was produced in large quantities in many regions of the ancient Greek world. Although decorated pottery had been made in Greece since prehistoric times, the field of Greek vase-painting is a branch of classical archaeology which focuses on vessels produced between the late Geometric and late classical/early Hellenistic periods (8th–3rd century bce). Early modern connoisseurs and collectors during the 18th century were attracted to Greek vases coming out of tombs in Italy, often mistakenly considering them to be Etruscan rather than Greek. Formal study of vases began during the late 19th century, but it was throughout the 20th that the sub-discipline truly gained momentum. Through the efforts of J. D. Beazley (b. 1885–d. 1970), a professor at Oxford University, the black- and red-figure vases of Athens (also termed “Attic”) which survive in enormous quantities were categorized according to painter and published in his magisterial lists (Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters, 1956; Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters, 1963; see Beazley 1956 and Beazley 1963 under Connoisseurship and Attribution). Beazley concentrated on attributing unsigned works, and his attributions remain for many scholars an important framework for the study of Greek vases. A. D. Trendall (b. 1909–d. 1995) created a similar typology for the Greek vase-painters of South Italy and Sicily. Also foundational is the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, launched by the Louvre in 1922 (see under Digital and Special Resources), which provides illustrated catalogues of Greek vases from museum collections, and also continues to feature vital information about individual vessels. Since the death of Beazley, research on Greek vase-painting has evolved greatly. The 1980s and 1990s saw increased attention to vase iconography, including studies of both myth and everyday life. At the same time, there emerged an updated series of regional studies for vases made outside of Athens, including those of Corinth, Boeotia, Laconia, East Greece, and western Greece. These studies too have focused to an extent on painter attribution, production, and distribution, while important developments in archaeological science have greatly benefited our understanding of local fabrics and techniques. In recent decades, scholarship has shifted toward contextual studies that emphasize social, historical, and religious functions and meanings of vases and their images. At present, there is an interest in the role of archaeological context and how it may have impacted the choices of both artist and consumer.
Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Cherem Max 
Published: November 2019

Jürgen Habermas (b. 1929–) was born outside of Düsseldorf, Germany, and came of age at the tail end of World War II. He is the most prominent philosopher in the second generation of Frankfurt School critical theory, a tradition founded by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. However, Habermas rejected Horkheimer and Adorno’s claim that the Enlightenment’s model of rationality—with its focus on the technical control of the world to serve subjective ends—is inherently wedded to domination. From his early career, Habermas has strongly challenged those who would either relativize rationality or dispute its emancipatory potential. Apart from belief in scientific progress, he also believes there are “social learning processes” that yield progress in ethical, political, and legal systems. He has been consistently productive over five decades, articulating philosophical theories of human rationality, linguistic meaning, truth, ethics, deliberative democracy, and legal legitimacy. He is also a prominent public intellectual who weighs in on contested social issues—both in debates with other academics and in op-eds. He has authored several books that have impacted not only philosophy but also the social sciences more broadly as well as political theory. Some of his most notable works include The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere; Theory of Communicative Action (two volumes); Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action; and Between Facts and Norms.