bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closed-form expression for cross-channel conformal blocks near the lightcone
Authors: Li Wenliang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the study of conformal field theories, conformal blocks in the lightcone limit are fundamental to the analytic conformal bootstrap method. Here we consider the lightcone limit of 4-point functions of generic scalar primaries. Based on the nonperturbative pole structure in spin of Lorentzian inversion, we propose the natural basis functions for cross-channel conformal blocks. In this new basis, we find a closed-form expression for crossed conformal blocks in terms of the Kampé de Fériet function, which applies to intermediate operators of arbitrary spin in general dimensions. We derive the general Lorentzian inversion for the case of identical external scaling dimensions. Our results for the lightcone limit also shed light on the complete analytic structure of conformal blocks in the lightcone expansion.
Brain miliary enhancement
Authors: Bot Joseph C.J. , Mazzai Linda , Hagenbeek Rogier E. , Ingala Silvia , van Oosten Bob , Sanchez-Aliaga Esther , Barkhof Frederik 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Miliary enhancement refers to the presence of multiple small, monomorphic, enhancing foci on T1-weighted post-contrast MRI images. In the absence of a clear clinical presentation, a broad differential diagnosis may result in invasive procedures and possibly brain biopsy for diagnostic purposes.

Methods
An extensive review of the literature is provided for diseases that may present with miliary enhancement on T1-weighted brain MR images. Additional disease-specific findings, both clinical and radiological, are summarized and categorized by the presence or absence of perivascular space involvement.

Results
Miliary pattern of enhancement may be due to a variety of underlying causes, including inflammatory, infectious, nutritional or neoplastic processes. The recognition of disease spread along the perivascular spaces in addition to the detection or exclusion of disease-specific features on MRI images, such as leptomeningeal enhancement, presence of haemorrhagic lesions, spinal cord involvement and specific localisation or systemic involvement, allows to narrow the potential differential diagnoses.

Conclusion
A systematic approach to disease-specific findings from both clinical and radiological perspectives might facilitate diagnostic work-up, and recognition of disease spread along the perivascular spaces may help narrowing down differential diagnoses and may help to minimize the use of invasive diagnostic procedures.
Incidence of Incisional Hernia Repair After Laparoscopic Compared to Open Resection of Colonic Cancer: A Nationwide Analysis of 17,717 Patients
Authors: Jensen Kristian Kiim , Nordholm‐Carstensen Andreas , Krarup Peter‐Martin , Jorgensen Lars Nannestad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unknown whether laparoscopic compared to open surgery translates into fewer incisional hernia repairs (IHR). The objectives of the current study were to compare the long‐term incidence of IHR and the size of repaired hernias between patients subjected to laparoscopic or open resection of colonic cancer.MethodsThis was a nationwide cohort study comprised of patients undergoing resection for colonic cancer between January 2007 and March 2016 according to the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group database. Patients who subsequently underwent IHR were identified in the Danish Ventral Hernia Database, from which information about the priority of the hernia repair and the size of the fascial defect was retrieved.ResultsThe study included 17,717 patients, of whom 482 (2.7%) underwent subsequent IHR during a median follow‐up of 4.7 (interquartile range 2.8–6.9) years. There was no significant difference in the 5‐year cumulative incidence of hernia repair after laparoscopic compared to open colonic resection (3.9%, CI 3.3–4.4% vs 4.1%, CI 3.5–4.6%). After adjustment for confounders, laparoscopic approach was associated with an increased rate of emergency IHR (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.03–5.46,P = 0.042) as opposed to elective IHR (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.73–1.14,P = 0.442). Laparoscopic surgery was significantly associated with a decreased fascial defect area compared to open surgery (mean difference −16.0 cm2, 95% CI −29.4 to −2.5,P = 0.020).ConclusionsThere was no difference in the incidence of IHR after open compared to laparoscopic resection. Compared to the open approach, laparoscopic resection increased the rate of subsequent emergency IHR, suggesting that a more aggressive therapeutic approach may be warranted in this patient group upon diagnosis of an incisional hernia.
Effectiveness, retention, and safety of modified ketogenic diet in adults with epilepsy at a tertiary-care centre in the UK
Authors: Green S. F. , Nguyen P. , Kaalund-Hansen K. , Rajakulendran S. , Murphy Elaine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the rising demand for ketogenic diet therapy in adult epilepsy, there is a need for research describing the real-life effectiveness, retention, and safety of relevant services. In this 1-year prospective cohort study we present outcomes of the first 100 referrals for modified ketogenic diet (MKD) at the UK’s largest tertiary-care epilepsy centre, where patients received dietetic review up to twice per week. Of the first 100 referrals, 42 (31 females, 11 males; mean age 36.8 [SD ± 11.4 years]) commenced MKD, having used a mean of 4 (SD ± 3) previous antiepileptic drugs. Retention rates were: 60% at 3 months, 43% at 6 months, and 29% at 12 months. 60% of patients reported an improvement in seizure frequency, 38% reported a > 50% reduction, and 13% reported a period of seizure freedom; 30% reported a worsening in seizure frequency at some point during MKD therapy. The most common reasons for discontinuing MKD were side effects and diet restrictiveness. The most common side effects were weight loss, gastrointestinal symptoms and low mood. The likelihood of discontinuing MKD was significantly decreased by experiencing an improvement in seizure frequency (p ≤ 0.001). This study demonstrates that MKD can be effective in adults, although, even with regular dietetic support, retention rates remain low, and periods of worsening seizure frequency are common.
Multilevel allometric modelling of maximum cardiac output, maximum arteriovenous oxygen difference, and peak oxygen uptake in 11–13-year-olds
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Welsman Jo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposesTo investigate longitudinally (1) the contribution of morphological covariates to explaining the development of maximum cardiac output ($${\dot{\text{Q}}}$$Q˙max) and maximum arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2diff max), (2) sex differences in$${\dot{\text{Q}}}$$Q˙max and a-vO2diff max once age, maturity status, and morphological covariates have been controlled for, and, (3) the contribution of concurrent changes in morphological and cardiovascular covariates to explaining the sex-specific development of peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$V˙O2).MethodsFifty-one (32 boys) 11–13-year-olds had their peak$$\dot{{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$V˙O2, maximum heart rate (HR max),$${\dot{\text{Q}}}$$Q˙max, and a-vO2diff max determined during treadmill running on three annual occasions. The data were analysed using multilevel allometric modelling.ResultsThere were no sex differences in HR max which was not significantly (p > 0.05) correlated with age, morphological variables, or peak$$\dot{{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$V˙O2. The best-fit models for$${\dot{\text{Q}}}$$Q˙max and a-vO2diff max were with fat-free mass (FFM) as covariate with age, maturity status, and haemoglobin concentration not significant (p > 0.05). FFM was the dominant influence on the development of peak$$\dot{{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$V˙O2. With FFM controlled for, the introduction of either$${\dot{\text{Q}}}$$Q˙max or a-vO2diff max to multilevel models of peak$$\dot{{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$V˙O2resulted in significant (p < 0.05) additional contributions to explaining the sex difference.Conclusions(1) With FFM controlled for, there were no sex differences in$${\dot{\text{Q}}}$$Q˙max or a-vO2diff max, (2) FFM was the dominant influence on the development of peak$$\dot{{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$V˙O2, and (3) with FFM and either$${\dot{\text{Q}}}$$Q˙max or a-vO2diff max controlled for, there remained an unresolved sex difference of ~ 4% in peak$$\dot{{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2} .$$V˙O2.
The role of functional health literacy in long-term treatment outcomes in psychosocial care for adolescents
Authors: Beukema L. , Reijneveld S. A. , Jager M. , Metselaar J. , de Winter A. F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough among adolescents with psychosocial problems low health literacy may increase the risk of poor treatment outcomes, the contributing mechanisms within treatment remain unclear. A better understanding of these mechanisms could contribute to improved treatment processes and outcomes. This study aims to examine the relationship between functional health literacy, treatment processes (treatment adherence, learning processes), and treatment outcome (level of psychosocial problems) in adolescents in psychosocial care. We used data from a prospective cohort study among adolescents aged 12–18 (N = 390), collected in four successive measurements: at entry into care, and 3, 12, and 24 months thereafter. We used a mixed effect model to investigate the association between level of functional health literacy (adequate vs. inadequate) and treatment processes (treatment adherence, learning processes) and treatment outcome (level of psychosocial problems). Between adolescents with adequate and inadequate functional health literacy, we found no differences or change over time in adherence or learning processes. The level of psychosocial problems significantly declined over time (β = − 1.70, 95% CI [− 2.72, − 0.69], p = .001) to a similar degree in both groups, though, in all measurements, the level was consistently higher for adolescents with inadequate health literacy. We conclude that health literacy levels did not affect change in treatment processes nor in outcomes of psychosocial treatment. However, the consistently higher level of psychosocial problems among adolescents with inadequate health literacy suggests an unaddressed need in psychosocial care.
When Science Confronts Philosophy: Three Case Studies
Authors: Dietrich Eric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper examines three cases of the clash between science and philosophy: Zeno’s paradoxes, the Frame Problem, and a recent attempt to experimentally refute skepticism. In all three cases, the relevant science claims to have resolved the purported problem. The sciences, construing the term broadly, are mathematics, artificial intelligence, and psychology. The goal of this paper is to show that none of the three scientific solutions work. The three philosophical problems remain as vibrant as ever in the face of robust scientific attempts to dispel them. The paper concludes by examining some consequences of this persistence.
Energy system transformation to meet NDC, 2 °C, and well below 2 °C targets for India
Authors: Vishwanathan Saritha S. , Garg Amit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndia’s commitment to Paris Climate Change Agreement through its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) will require the energy system to gradually move away from fossil fuels. The current energy system is witnessing a transformation to achieve these through renewable energy targets and enhanced energy efficiency (EE) actions in all sectors. More stringent global GHG mitigation targets of 2 °C and well below 2 °C regimes would impose further challenges and uncertainties for the Indian energy systems. This paper provides a quantitative assessment using bottom-up optimization model (AIM/Enduse) to assess these until 2050 for meeting carbon mitigation commitments while achieving the national sustainable development goals. Energy transformation trajectories under five scenarios synchronized with climate mitigation regimes are explored—Business As Usual scenario (BAU), NDC scenario, 2 °C scenarios (early and late actions), and well below 2 °C scenario. The key results from the study include (a) coal-based power plants older than 30 years under NDC and older than 20 years for deeper CO2 mitigation will be stranded before their lifetime, (b) increase in renewables of up to 225–280 GW by 2050 will require battery storage with improved integrated smart grid infrastructure, (c) growth in nuclear to 27–32 GW by 2050 is dependent on nuclear supply availability, (d) gradual shift towards electrification in industry, building, and transport sectors, and (e) installation of CCS technologies in power and industry sectors. Cumulative investments of up to 6–8 trillion USD (approximately) will be required during 2015–2030 to implement the actions required to transform the current energy systems in India.
NIT2 overexpression predicts poor prognosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Chen Shan , Wang Zengyan , Feng Chongjin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is disputable on the role of nitrilase-like 2 (NIT2) in cancer. Its expression and its relationship with clinicopathological features in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) are not yet clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of NIT2 in TSCC and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics in TSCC patients. Through proteomic identification, we found that the protein NIT2 was related to the development of TSCC. q-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry techniques were applied to detect the expression of NIT2 in TSCC. The relationship between the expression of NIT2 and clinicopathological features was analyzed by Chi square tests. The results showed the expression of NIT2 in TSCC was significantly higher than that in normal tongue tissues (p < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the positive expression of NIT2 and N classification were associated with decreased disease-free survival rate (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.05). The results suggested that NIT2 is overexpressed in TSCC and NIT2 may be a potential therapeutic target for TSCC.
Examination of abiotic cofactor assembly in photosynthetic biomimetics: site-specific stereoselectivity in the conjugation of a ruthenium(II) tris(bipyridine) photosensitizer to a multi-heme protein
Authors: Ponomarenko Nina S. , Kokhan Oleksandr , Pokkuluri Phani R. , Mulfort Karen L. , Tiede David M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo understand design principles for assembling photosynthetic biohybrids that incorporate precisely-controlled sites for electron injection into redox enzyme cofactor arrays, we investigated the influence of chirality in assembly of the photosensitizer ruthenium(II)bis(2,2′-bipyridine)(4-bromomethyl-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine), Ru(bpy)2(Br-bpy), when covalently conjugated to cysteine residues introduced by site-directed mutagenesis in the triheme periplasmic cytochrome A (PpcA) as a model biohybrid system. For two investigated conjugates that show ultrafast electron transfer, A23C-Ru and K29C-Ru, analysis by circular dichroism spectroscopy, CD, demonstrated site-specific chiral discrimination as a factor emerging from the close association between [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and heme cofactors. CD analysis showed the A23C-Ru and K29C-Ru conjugates to have distinct, but opposite, stereoselectivity for the Λ and Δ-Ru(bpy)2(Br-bpy) enantiomers, with enantiomeric excesses of 33.1% and 65.6%, respectively. In contrast, Ru(bpy)2(Br-bpy) conjugation to a protein site with high flexibility, represented by the E39C-Ru construct, exhibited a nearly negligible chiral selectivity, measured by an enantiomeric excess of 4.2% for the Λ enantiomer. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that site-specific stereoselectivity reflects steric constraints at the conjugating sites and that a high degree of chiral selectivity correlates to reduced structural disorder for [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in the linked assembly. This work identifies chiral discrimination as means to achieve site-specific, precise geometric positioning of introduced photosensitizers relative to the heme cofactors in manner that mimics the tuning of cofactors in photosynthesis.
Differential Emission Measure Plasma Diagnostics of a Long-Lived Coronal Hole
Authors: Saqri Jonas , Veronig Astrid M. , Heinemann Stephan G. , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Temmer Manuela , Dissauer Karin , Su Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe use Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) data to reconstruct the plasma properties from differential emission measure (DEM) analysis for a previously studied long-lived, low-latitude coronal hole (CH) over its lifetime of ten solar rotations. We initially obtain a non-isothermal DEM distribution with a dominant component centered around 0.9 MK and a secondary smaller component at 1.5 – 2.0 MK. We find that deconvolving the data with the instrument point spread function (PSF) to account for long-range scattered light reduces the secondary hot component. Using the 2012 Venus transit and a 2013 lunar eclipse to test the efficiency of this deconvolution, significant amounts of residual stray light are found for the occulted areas. Accounting for this stray light in the error budget of the different AIA filters further reduces the secondary hot emission, yielding CH DEM distributions that are close to isothermal with the main contribution centered around 0.9 MK. Based on these DEMs, we analyze the evolution of the emission measure (EM), density, and averaged temperature during the CH’s lifetime. We find that once the CH is clearly observed in EUV images, the bulk of the CH plasma reveals a quite constant state, i.e. temperature and density reveal no major changes, whereas the total CH area and the photospheric magnetic fine structure inside the CH show a distinct evolutionary pattern. These findings suggest that CH plasma properties are mostly “set” at the CH formation or/and that all CHs have similar plasma properties.
A memory scheduling strategy for eliminating memory access interference in heterogeneous system
Authors: Fang Juan , Wang Mengxuan , Wei Zelin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiple CPUs and GPUs are integrated on the same chip to share memory, and access requests between cores are interfering with each other. Memory requests from the GPU seriously interfere with the CPU memory access performance. Requests between multiple CPUs are intertwined when accessing memory, and its performance is greatly affected. The difference in access latency between GPU cores increases the average latency of memory accesses. In order to solve the problems encountered in the shared memory of heterogeneous multi-core systems, we propose a step-by-step memory scheduling strategy, which improve the system performance. The step-by-step memory scheduling strategy first creates a new memory request queue based on the request source and isolates the CPU requests from the GPU requests when the memory controller receives the memory request, thereby preventing the GPU request from interfering with the CPU request. Then, for the CPU request queue, a dynamic bank partitioning strategy is implemented, which dynamically maps it to different bank sets according to different memory characteristics of the application, and eliminates memory request interference of multiple CPU applications without affecting bank-level parallelism. Finally, for the GPU request queue, the criticality is introduced to measure the difference of the memory access latency between the cores. Based on the first ready-first come first served strategy, we implemented criticality-aware memory scheduling to balance the locality and criticality of application access.
Anabolic androgenic steroids exert a selective remodeling of the plasma lipidome that mirrors the decrease of the de novo lipogenesis in the liver
Authors: Balgoma David , Zelleroth Sofia , Grönbladh Alfhild , Hallberg Mathias , Pettersson Curt , Hedeland Mikael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) is a source of public concern because of their adverse effects. Supratherapeutic doses of AASs are known to be hepatotoxic and regulate the lipoproteins in plasma by modifying the metabolism of lipids in the liver, which is associated with metabolic diseases. However, the effect of AASs on the profile of lipids in plasma is unknown.

Objectives
To describe the changes in the plasma lipidome exerted by AASs and to discuss these changes in the light of previous research about AASs and de novo lipogenesis in the liver.

Methods
We treated male Wistar rats with supratherapeutic doses of nandrolone decanoate and testosterone undecanoate. Subsequently, we isolated the blood plasma and performed lipidomics analysis by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

Results
Lipid profiling revealed a decrease of sphingolipids and glycerolipids with palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids. In addition, lipid profiling revealed an increase in free fatty acids and glycerophospholipids with odd-numbered chain fatty acids and/or arachidonic acid.

Conclusion
The lipid profile presented herein reports the imprint of AASs on the plasma lipidome, which mirrors the downregulation of de novo lipogenesis in the liver. In a broader perspective, this profile will help to understand the influence of androgens on the lipid metabolism in future studies of diseases with dysregulated lipogenesis (e.g. type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma).
Interpretive analogies between quantum and statistical mechanics
Authors: McCoy C. D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe conspicuous similarities between interpretive strategies in classical statistical mechanics and in quantum mechanics may be grounded on their employment of common implementations of probability. The objective probabilities which represent the underlying stochasticity of these theories can be naturally associated with three of their common formal features: initial conditions, dynamics, and observables. Various well-known interpretations of the two theories line up with particular choices among these three ways of implementing probability. This perspective has significant application to debates on primitive ontology and to the quantum measurement problem.
Fabrication of Zr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with synergistic influence for improved visible-light photocatalytic action and antibacterial performance
Authors: Ali Baig Ameer Baig , Rathinam Vadamalar , Palaninathan Jayanthi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZr-doped SnO2 (Zr:SnO2) nanostructures (NSs) were produced by simplistic and low-cost co-precipitation route. The FTIR spectra of bands on 523 and 583 cm−1 were witnessed though indorsed as the features of (Sn–OH) term which approves the incident of Sn–O in the synthesized samples. The Zr:SnO2 NSs were spherical-like and composed of numerous agglomerated particles. The decreased crystallite sizes of the pristine and Zr-doped SnO2 NPs were 41.9, 38.9 and 35.8 nm individually. Moreover, the achievable growth manner of acquired samples was deliberated through the source of the customs of nucleation and crystal growth. The photocatalytic performances of 4% of Zr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were thoroughly explored in the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dye, thus revealing higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of MO than pristine and 2% of Zr-doped SnO2 under via visible-light exposure. Related to pristine SnO2, the 4% Zr-doped SnO2 NPs are accessible to greater photocatalytic capability, which could be essentially accredited to existing in the nominal defects of oxygen vacancies by the produced NPs. Eventually, founded on the self-assembly progression the possible development of photocatalytic mechanism was projected by means of reactive species in trapping tests as well. Also, the antibacterial action was attained against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria through agar well diffusion system.