bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A major forest insect pest, the pine weevil Hylobius abietis, is more susceptible to Diptera‐ than Coleoptera‐targeted Bacillus thuringiensis strains
Authors: Tudoran Amelia , Nordlander Göran , Karlberg Anna , Puentes Adriana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) is a major forest regeneration pest causing high levels of seedling mortality and economic losses. Current management relies on silviculture, stem coatings and insecticides. Here we evaluated for the first time the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains on H. abietis adults: two producing the Coleoptera‐targeted toxins Cry3Aa (Bt tenebrionis NB‐176) and Cry8Da (Bt galleriae SDS‐502), and one producing the Diptera‐targeted Cry10A (Bt israelensis AM65‐52). Choice and nonchoice assays using individual and mixtures of Bt formulations, containing these strains respectively, were conducted.RESULTSWe found that Bt had toxic and lethal effects on H. abietis, but effects varied with strain and formulation concentration. The Diptera‐targeted Bt israelensis had the most negative effects on weevil weight, feeding and mortality (70–82% feeding reduction, 65–82% greater mortality than control), whereas the effect was lower for the Coleoptera‐specific Bt tenebrionis (38–42%; 37–42%) and Bt galleriae (11–30%; 15–32%). Reduced weevil feeding was observed after 3 days, and the highest mortality occurred 7–14 days following Bt exposure. However, we found no synergistic toxic effects, and no formulation combination was better than Bt israelensis alone at reducing consumption and survival. Also, pine weevils were not deterred by Bt, feeding equally on Bt‐treated and non‐Bt treated food.CONCLUSIONThere is potential to develop forest pest management measures against H. abietis that include Bt, but only the Diptera‐targeted Bt israelensis would provide effective seedling protection. Its Diptera‐specificity may need reconsideration, and evaluation of other Bt strains/toxins against H. abietis would be of interest. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Reurbanisation in my hometown? Effect of return migration on migrants' urban settlement intention
Authors: Yin Jiangbin , Huang Xiaoyan , Li Jiyuan , Jin Lixia , Chen Le 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReturn migration has become a critical socio‐economic phenomenon—both between countries and within countries—and profoundly affects the development prospects in a migrants' country or region of origin. Studies have mainly focused on the return of overseas migrants and their employment transformation and social integration upon return; few studies have investigated internal return migrants and their residential choice and urbanisation effect. To fill this gap, the present study used nationally representative data from China to construct a moderated mediation model for examining the relationship between internal return migration, nonagricultural employment, and urban settlement intention. The empirical results indicated that return migration affected urban settlement intention through two paths. In addition to directly strengthening migrants' urban settlement intention, return migration indirectly strengthened this intention by promoting nonagricultural employment. Compared with those returning to eastern China, returnees to central China were less likely to be in nonagricultural employment and had weaker intention to settle in a town. Among return migrants, the impacts of age at return and workplace during migration on the urban settlement intention were mainly through direct effects.
Asian American women in STEM in the lab with “White Men Named John”
Authors: Castro Athena R. , Collins Christopher S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsian American women occupy a paradoxical space within the context of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, simultaneously overrepresented as Asian Americans and underrepresented as women. For Asian American female doctoral students, the complex layering and weaving of these intersections involves the constant negotiation of science, racial, and gendered identities. This study explored how the intersections of science, race, and gender shaped their student experiences. We positioned these frameworks not only as mutually constitutive systems but also emphasize science as an epistemology, which informs conceptions of knowledge, the practice of inquiry, and who has epistemic authority. As a qualitative study, we utilized intersectionality theory to explore identity development in the context of STEM environments and grounded theory methods in our analysis. We interviewed 23 women who self‐identified as Asian Americans and were either currently in a doctoral program or were within 5 years of earning their degrees in STEM fields.Examining the intersections of science, race, and gender for Asian American female doctoral students in STEM allows a richer, more nuanced exploration of science as it is currently defined and understood and permits the conceptual critique of science to remake STEM environments into more inclusive spaces
Unexpected Side Products of Chemical Transformations in Cobalt(II) Pseudoclathrochelates: An X‐Ray Diffraction Study
Authors: Nelyubina Yu. V. , Belov A. S. , Belova S. A. , Zubavichus Y. V. , Malinkin S. , Voloshin Y. Z. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is generally accepted that transition metal (pseudo)clathrochelates, a unique class of coordination compounds are easily obtained by a simple template condensation of appropriate oximes, boronic acids and metal salts. Our X‐ray diffraction study of single crystals unexpectedly found in the reaction mixtures of different pseudoclathrochelates, however, shows that other compounds are sometimes identified among the products of their synthesis or chemical transformations occurring in different media; those can interfere with their future practical applications.
Ethyl‐2‐cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrophenylsulfonyloximino)acetate (ortho‐ NosylOXY) Mediated Acetalization and Thioacetalization of Aldehydes
Authors: Kalita Tapasi , Rao Manne Srinivasa , Mandal Bhubaneswar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple and effective methodology for acetalization and thioacetalization of aldehydes by catalytic amount of ethyl‐2‐cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrophenylsulfonyloximino)acetate (ortho‐NosylOXY), a novel peptide coupling reagent. This safe reagent successfully transforms the aldehydes into cyclic acetals, 1,3‐dithiolanes, and 1,3‐dithianes. The reaction is compatible with electron‐withdrawing and donating substituents containing aldehydes and different kinds of diols and dithiols. Also, the reaction worked well with an α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde, and an aliphatic aldehyde. Yields are impressive (71 to 95 %) at a moderate temperature and short time. Hence, broad substrate scope, high yield, easy isolation of the products, and catalytic nature of the reagent make this methodology an environment‐friendly alternative to the existing ones.
Application of Bismuth Catalysts for the Methanolysis of End‐of‐Life Poly(lactide)
Authors: Alberti Christoph , Kricheldorf Hans Rytger , Enthaler Stephan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe chemical recycling of poly(lactide) (PLA) was investigated especially the depolymerization for generating useful monomers/polymer precursors. In more detail, applying catalytic amounts of bismuth compounds PLA was converted to methyl lactate using methanol as depolymerization reagent. An excellent performance was observed for bismuth subsalicylate with turnover frequencies of up to 13,800 h−1using microwave heating. Moreover, the usefulness of the bismuth subsalicylate catalyst was demonstrated in the depolymerization of various PLA goods. Interestingly, the bismuth subsalicylate was easily recovered after the reaction and was sent again to depolymerization revealing recyclability of the catalyst.
Antibody Micropatterned Lubricant‐Infused Biosensors Enable Sub‐Picogram Immunofluorescence Detection of Interleukin 6 in Human Whole Plasma
Authors: Shakeri Amid , Jarad Noor Abu , Terryberry Jeff , Khan Shadman , Leung Ashlyn , Chen Simeng , Didar Tohid F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent studies have shown a correlation between elevated interleukin 6 (IL‐6) concentrations and the risk of respiratory failure in COVID‐19 patients. Therefore, detection of IL‐6 at low concentrations permits early diagnosis of worst‐case outcome in viral respiratory infections. Here, a versatile biointerface is presented that eliminates nonspecific adhesion and thus enables immunofluorescence detection of IL‐6 in whole human plasma or whole human blood during coagulation, down to a limit of detection of 0.5 pg mL−1. The sensitivity of the developed lubricant‐infused biosensor for immunofluorescence assays in detecting low molecular weight proteins such as IL‐6 is facilitated by i) producing a bioink in which the capture antibody is functionalized by an epoxy‐based silane for covalent linkage to the fluorosilanized surface and ii) suppressing nonspecific adhesion by patterning the developed bioink into a lubricant‐infused coating. The developed biosensor addresses one of the major challenges for biosensing in complex fluids, namely nonspecific adhesion, therefore paving the way for highly sensitive biosensing in complex fluids.
Impact of Mg2+ and Al3+ Substitutions on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of NASICON‐NaxVMn0.75M0.25(PO4)3 (M = Mg and Al) Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ghosh Subham , Barman Nabadyuti , Senguttuvan Premkumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSodium superionic conductor (NASICON)‐Na4VMn(PO4)3 (NVMP) cathode is attractive for sodium‐ion battery application due to its reduced cost and toxicity, and high energy density (≈425 Wh kg−1). However, it exhibits significant polarization, limited rate and cycling performances due to its lower electronic conductivity and formation of Jahn–Teller active Mn3+ during cycling. In this report, a chemical approach is presented to partially replace Mn2+ of the NVMP framework by Mg2+ and Al3+ substitutions. The Mg‐ and Al‐substituted NVMP cathodes present smoother voltage profiles, facile sodium (de)intercalation, enhanced rate performances (80 mA h g−1 at 5C rate) and capacity retention (≈96% after 100 cycles) in comparison with the unsubstituted sample. Their enhanced performances are attributed to suppressed Jahn–Teller effect, increased covalent character and sodium ion vacancies of the NASICON framework. These results highlight the significance of fine tuning the chemical compositions to attain high performance NASICON cathodes.
Probing the Superiority of Diselenium Bond on Docetaxel Dimeric Prodrug Nanoassemblies: Small Roles Taking Big Responsibilities
Authors: Zuo Shiyi , Sun Bingjun , Yang Yinxian , Zhou Shuang , Zhang Yu , Guo Mengran , Sun Mengchi , Luo Cong , He Zhonggui , Sun Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current state of chemotherapy is far from satisfaction, restricted by the inefficient drug delivery and the off‐target toxicity. Prodrug nanoassemblies are emerging as efficient platforms for chemotherapy. Herein, three docetaxel dimeric prodrugs are designed using diselenide bond, disulfide bond, or dicarbide bond as linkages. Interestingly, diselenide bond‐bridged dimeric prodrug can self‐assemble into stable nanoparticles with impressive high drug loading (≈70%, w/w). Compared with disulfide bond and dicarbide bond, diselenide bond greatly facilitates the self‐assembly of dimeric prodrug, and then improves the colloidal stability, blood circulation time, and antitumor efficacy of prodrug nanoassemblies. Furthermore, the redox‐sensitive diselenide bond can specifically respond to the overexpressed reactive oxygen species and glutathione in tumor cells, leading to tumor‐specific drug release. Therefore, diselenide bond bridged prodrug nanoassemblies exhibit discriminating cytotoxicity between tumor cells and normal cells, significantly alleviating the systemic toxicity of docetaxel. The present work gains in‐depth insight into the impact of diselenide bond on the dimeric prodrug nanoassemblies, and provides promising strategies for the rational design of the high efficiency–low toxicity chemotherapeutical nanomedicines.
Cryptanalysis and improvement of biometric based content distribution framework for digital rights management systems
Authors: Rana Saurabh , Mishra Dheerendra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDigital contents are utilized and transmitted over the public network. Thus, the evolution of an emphatic mechanism to ensure authorized access to digital content is the topmost priority of the multimedia industry. Digital right management (DRM) is a tool that aims to ensure authorized access multimedia content to the right holders. However, over the years, several other challenges associated with DRM systems have also emerged such as efficient computation, user privacy, the security of existing protocols. For the scalable distribute digital content, an efficient, secure and authorized content distribution protocol is required. This paper proposed a biometric‐based content technique for a DRM system, which enables to deliver content key among mutually authentic entities. The security of the proposed protocol has been proved under the widely recognized random oracle model, which indicates that the proposed protocol is provably secure under probabilistic polynomial time adversary. The proposed scheme achieves anonymity and unlinkability. Moreover, comparative analysis shows that the proposed scheme address efficiency along with security.
Analysis of the influence of climate change on the fatigue lifetime of offshore wind turbines using imprecise probabilities
Authors: Hübler Clemens , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen discussing the connection of wind energy and climate change, normally, the potential of wind energy to reduce green house gas emissions is emphasised. Hence, effects of wind energy on climate change are analysed. However, what about the other direction? What is the impact of climate change on wind energy? Recently, the effect of a reversal in global terrestrial stilling,that is, an increase in global wind speeds in the last decade, on the wind energy production has been analysed. Certainly, knowledge about potential changes in energy production is essential to plan future energy supply. Nonetheless, at least similarly important is the effect on loads acting on wind turbines. Increasing loads due to higher wind speeds might reduce wind turbine lifetimes and yield higher costs. Moreover, especially for already existing turbines, it might even affect the structural reliability. Since the impact of climate change on wind turbine loads is largely unknown, it is studied in this work in more detail. For this purpose, different existing models for predicted changes in wind speed and air temperature and their uncertainties are used to forecast the environmental conditions an exemplary offshore wind turbine is exposed to. Subsequently, for this turbine, the lifetime fatigue damages are calculated for different prediction models. It is shown that the expected changes in lifetime fatigue damages are present but relatively small compared to other uncertainties in the fatigue damage calculation.
Do Online Trolling Strategies Differ in Political and Interest Forums: Early Results
Authors: Paakki Henna , Salovaara Antti , Vepsäläinen Heidi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study compares the effectiveness of different trolling strategies in two online contexts: politically oriented forums that address issues like global warming, and interest-based forums that deal with people’s personal interests. Based on previous research, we consider trolling as context-bound and suggest that relevance theory and common grounding theory can explain why people may attend and react to certain types of troll posts in one forum, but pay scant attention to them in another. We postulate two hypotheses on how successful (i.e., disruptive) trolling varies according to context: that trolls’ messaging strategies appear in different frequencies in political and interest forums (H1), and that context-matching strategies also produce longer futile conversations (H2). Using Hardaker’s categorization of trolling strategies on a covert–overt continuum, our statistical analysis on a dataset of 49 online conversations verified H1: in political forums covert strategies were more common than overt ones; in interest forums the opposite was the case. Regarding H2 our results were inconclusive. However, the results motivate further research on this phenomenon with larger datasets.
Students Assessing Digital News and Misinformation
Authors: Nygren Thomas , Wiksten Folkeryd Jenny , Liberg Caroline , Guath Mona 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious research has highlighted how young people struggle to distinguish news from misinformation. In this study, we investigate how ca. 400 students determine the trustworthiness of false, biased and credible news. We find that students use different strategies depending on what they evaluate. For example, students who fail to debunk a manipulated image often rely on what they see in the image in contrast to students who determine credibility upon what is not in the image. Students finding junk news credible may have special problems separating different kinds of sources. We identify potentials and pitfalls among students important for further investigation, research and a focus on education.
Identifying Political Sentiments on YouTube: A Systematic Comparison Regarding the Accuracy of Recurrent Neural Network and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Röchert Daniel , Neubaum German , Stieglitz Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince social media have increasingly become forums to exchange personal opinions, more and more approaches have been suggested to analyze those sentiments automatically. Neural networks and traditional machine learning methods allow individual adaption by training the data, tailoring the algorithm to the particular topic that is discussed. Still, a great number of methodological combinations involving algorithms (e.g., recurrent neural networks (RNN)), techniques (e.g., word2vec), and methods (e.g., Skip-Gram) are possible. This work offers a systematic comparison of sentiment analytical approaches using different word embeddings with RNN architectures and traditional machine learning techniques. Using German comments of controversial political discussions on YouTube, this study uses metrics such as F1-score, precision and recall to compare the quality of performance of different approaches. First results show that deep neural networks outperform multiclass prediction with small datasets in contrast to traditional machine learning models with word embeddings.
Sonic hedgehog signaling in astrocytes
Authors: Hill Steven A. , Fu Marissa , Garcia A. Denise R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are complex cells that perform a broad array of essential functions in the healthy and injured nervous system. The recognition that these cells are integral components of various processes, including synapse formation, modulation of synaptic activity, and response to injury, underscores the need to identify the molecular signaling programs orchestrating these diverse functional properties. Emerging studies have identified the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway as an essential regulator of the molecular identity and functional properties of astrocytes. Well established as a powerful regulator of diverse neurodevelopmental processes in the embryonic nervous system, its functional significance in astrocytes is only beginning to be revealed. Notably, Shh signaling is active only in discrete subpopulations of astrocytes distributed throughout the brain, a feature that has potential to yield novel insights into functional specialization of astrocytes. Here, we discuss Shh signaling and emerging data that point to essential roles for this pleiotropic signaling pathway in regulating various functional properties of astrocytes in the healthy and injured brain.
Bandwidth-limited few-cycle pulses by nonlinear compression in a dispersion-alternating fiber
Authors: Lüpken Niklas M. , Fallnich Carsten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate an improved concept for nearly bandwidth-limited nonlinear pulse compression down to the few-cycle regime in a fiber chain with alternating sign of dispersion. Whereas the normally dispersive fiber segments generate bandwidth via self-phase modulation, the anomalously dispersive fiber segments recompress the broadened spectral bandwidth by an appropriate amount of group velocity dispersion. Nonlinear pulse compression from 80 fs input pulses to nearly bandwidth-limited 25 fs pulses at 1560 nm was achieved, resulting in a pulse compression factor of 3.2. The use of a specific dispersion-compensating fiber eliminated the impact of higher-order dispersion, such that a high spectral coherence was ensured. We show that nonlinear Schrödinger equation simulations were in good agreement with the experimental results and investigated the transfer of input fluctuations to the output. The concept is transferable to longer input pulse durations, resulting in compression factors of 83 for 10 ps input pulses.
Anatomy of inferior end of palatopharyngeus: its contribution to upper esophageal sphincter opening
Authors: Fukino Keiko , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Nimura Akimoto , Miwa Koh , Ono Takashi , Akita Keiichi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The palatopharyngeus is one of the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles which contributes to swallowing. It is reported that the palatopharyngeus has muscle bundles in various directions and with attachment sites, and each muscle bundle has a specific function. Although previous reports suggest that the palatopharyngeus is partly interlaced with some parts of the inferior constrictor, the precise relationship remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the precise manner of the connection between the palatopharyngeus and inferior constrictor, and to examine the histological characteristics of this connection.

Methods
We examined 15 halves of nine heads from Japanese cadavers (average age: 76.1 years); 12 halves, macroscopically, and three halves, histologically.

Results
Our observation suggests that the palatopharyngeus spreads radially on the inner aspect of the pharyngeal wall. The most inferior portion of the palatopharyngeus extended to the inner surface of the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior constrictor. Histological analysis showed that the inferior end of the palatopharyngeus continued into the dense connective tissue located at the level of the cricoid cartilage. The dense connective tissue not only covered the inner surface of the inferior constrictor but also entered its muscle bundles and enveloped them.

Conclusion
Therefore, the palatopharyngeus interlaced the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior constrictor through the dense connective tissues. The findings of this study show that the palatopharyngeus may act on the upper esophageal sphincter directly and help in its opening with the aid of the pulling forces in the superolateral direction.