bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Preoperative Home‐Delivered, Protein‐Rich Meal Service to Improve Protein Intake in Surgical Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: IJmker‐Hemink Vera E. , Wanten Geert J. A. , de Nes Lindsey C. F. , van den Berg Manon G. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe preoperative period likely provides an important opportunity to improve postoperative recovery, as suggested by the finding that low nutrition status is a predictor of increased postoperative complications and longer length of stay (LOS). It was investigated whether a home‐delivered, protein‐rich meal service improves protein intake relative to requirements within 3 weeks prior to surgery compared to usual care (UC).MethodsThis randomized controlled trial included adults (n = 126) with planned surgery performed at the orthopedics, urology, gynecology, or general surgery departments. The intervention group received 6 protein‐rich dishes per day for 3 weeks, and the control group sustained their usual diet. Dietary intake, nutrition status, hand grip strength, physical performance, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and after 3 weeks. Patient satisfaction was reported after 3 weeks, and data on complications and LOS were reported 30 days after surgery.ResultsProtein intake relative to requirements significantly improved by 16%, and energy intake relative to requirements increased by 19% for the meal service, as compared with UC. The intervention group experienced significantly less stress with preparing meals and were more satisfied with the presentation of the meals than the control group. No significant effects of the intervention were detected on other secondary outcomes.ConclusionThe home‐delivered, protein‐rich meal service was successfully implemented before surgery and improved protein and energy intake relative to requirements within 3 weeks while patient satisfaction maintained. The preoperative period serves as a window of opportunity to prepare patients before hospitalization.
Citric acid, but not tetracycline, improves the microscopic pattern of healing of particulate autogenous bone grafts in critical‐size defects
Authors: Rojas‐Paulús Jefrey E. , Manfredi Gustavo G. P. , Salmeron Samira , Consolaro Alberto , Sant'Ana Adriana C. P. , Zangrando Mariana S. R. , Damante Carla A. , Greghi Sebastião L. A. , Rezende Maria L. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBone demineralization has shown to be advantageous in autogenous onlay bone grafts and in pre‐osteoblasts cultures, but such procedure has never been evaluated in particulate bone grafts. This study aimed to investigate the role of two demineralizing agents in the repair of the 8‐mm critical‐size defects in rats’ calvaria.MethodsEighty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of eight groups as follows: particulate autogenous bone demineralized with citric acid for 15 seconds (CA15), 30 seconds (CA30), or 60 seconds (CA60); particulate autogenous bone demineralized with tetracycline hydrochloride for 15 seconds (TCN15), 30 seconds (TCN30), or 60 seconds (TCN60); blood clot (NC), and non‐demineralized autogenous bone (PC). The calvariae were harvested at 30 and 60 postoperative days (n = 5) for blinded histological and histometric analysis of the percentage area of newly formed bone within the defects.ResultsIn the NC and TCN groups, bone formation was limited to the margins of the defects at 30 postoperative days, whereas complete closure was present in all the specimens from CA15 group. Both at 30 and 60 postoperative days, histomorphometry showed significant higher area of newly formed bone in specimens demineralized with CA than in those demineralized with TCN or non‐demineralized (P < 0.05). TCN appeared to impair bone neoformation, as its use produced similar or inferior results compared to blood clot.ConclusionsDemineralization of particulate bone grafts with CA during 15s enhanced the regeneration of critical‐size defects and may be a promising adjuvant in regenerative procedures. TCN seems to be improper for this purpose.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: Are Hispanics at higher risk?
Authors: Choi Audrey H. , Ji Liang , Babcock Blake , Ramos Vicente , Kwong Mei Li M. , Morgan John W. , Selleck Matthew J. , Langridge William H. R. , DeLeon Marino , Wall Nathan R. , Lum Sharon , Pigazzi Alessio , Dayyani Farshid , Senthil Maheswari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA recent study from our group identified Hispanic race/ethnicity as an independent predictor of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) in gastric cancer. We sought to identify the tumor factors that might contribute to this strong association in Hispanics.MethodsCalifornia Cancer Registry data were used to identify patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma from 2004 to 2014. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine odds ratios for cancer stage, tumor location, grade, histology, and PC.ResultsOf 16,275 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who met inclusion criteria, 6463 (39.7%) were non‐Hispanic White (NHW), 4953 (30.4%) were Hispanic, 1020 (6.3%) were non‐Hispanic Black (NHB), and 3915 (23.6%) were Asian/other. Compared to NHW, Hispanics were more likely to have a poorly differentiated grade (65.9% vs. 57.6%; p < .001), signet ring adenocarcinoma (28.1% vs. 17.6%; p < .001) and stage IV (51.9% vs. 45.0%; p < .001) gastric cancer. The proportion of stage IV patients with PC was also significantly higher in Hispanics compared to NHW, NHB, and Asian/other (28.5% vs. 16.6%, 20.5%, and 25.2%, respectively; p < .001).ConclusionsHispanic ethnicity is an independent predictor of aggressive tumor phenotype and PC. Disproportionate incidence of signet ring adenocarcinoma and PC highlight the need to explore the genomic differences in Hispanic gastric cancer.
Age‐related molecular changes in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia of mice: Signs of sensitization, and inflammatory response
Authors: Vincent Kathleen , Dona Chethana Prabodhanie Gallage , Albert Todd J , Dahia Chitra Lekha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAging is a major risk factor for numerous painful, inflammatory, and degenerative diseases including disc degeneration. A better understanding of how the somatosensory nervous system adapts to the changing physiology of the aging body will be of great significance for our expanding aging population. Previously, we reported that chronological aging of mouse lumbar discs is pathological and associated with behavioral changes related to pain. It is established that with age and degeneration the lumbar discs become inflammatory and innervated. Here we analyze the aging lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) in mice between 3 and 24 months of age for age‐related somatosensory adaptations. We observe that as mice age there are signs of peripheral sensitization, and response to inflammation at the molecular and cellular level in the DRGs. From 12 months onwards the mRNA expression of vasodilator and neurotransmitter, Calca (CGRP); stress (and survival) marker, Atf3; and neurotrophic factor, Bdnf, increases linearly with age in the DRGs. Further, while the mRNA expression of neuropeptide, Tac1, precursor of Substance P, did not change at the transcriptional level, TAC1 protein expression increased in 24‐month‐old DRGs. Additionally, elevated expression of NFκB subunits, Nfkb1 and Rela, but not inflammatory mediators, Tnf, Il6, Il1b, or Cox2, in the DRGs suggest peripheral nerves are responding to inflammation, but do not increase the expression of inflammatory mediators at the transcriptional level. These results identify a progressive, age‐related shift in the molecular profile of the mouse somatosensory nervous system and implicates nociceptive sensitization and inflammatory response.
Multidimensional liquid chromatography approaches for analysis of food contaminants
Authors: Arena Katia , Mandolfino Filippo , Cacciola Francesco , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the past years, multidimensional liquid chromatography became very widespread for the complete separation of non‐volatile analytes in complex matrices. The main advantage of these techniques, especially when coupled with mass spectrometry, is the enhancement of separation power or peak capacity, due to an increase in selectivity and sensitivity of the two systems. With respect to conventional one‐dimensional liquid chromatography, multidimensional liquid chromatography allows us to resolve potential co‐elutions and also minimize the matrix effect thus providing a more accurate quantitative analysis. This review provides an overview on the presence of contaminants in food, the main sources of contamination, and finally, the techniques used to reveal their presence. All different modes, investigated so far on this topic for heart‐cutting and comprehensive techniques were described. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are reported in addition to the main food applications.
Construction of polymer monolithic columns in polypropylene ink‐pen tubes for separation of proteins by cation‐exchange chromatography
Authors: Henrique do Nascimento Fernando , Trazzi Catharina Raquel Lemos , Moraes Amanda Hanashiro , Velasques Caryna Moraes , Costa Diego Miranda de Souza , Masini Jorge Cesar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of polymer monoliths inside polypropylene tubes from ink pens. These tubes are cheap, chemically stable, and resistant to pressure. UV‐initiated grafting with 5 wt% benzophenone in methanol for 20 min activated the internal surface, thus enabling the covalent binding of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, also via photografting. The pendant vinyl groups attached a poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith prepared via photopolymerization. These tubes measured 100–110 mm long, with 2 mm of internal diameter. The parent monoliths were functionalized with Na2SO3 or iminodiacetate to produce strong and weak cation exchangers, respectively. The columns exhibited permeabilities varying from 2.7 to 3.3 × 10−13 m2, which enabled the separation of proteins at 500 µL/min and back pressures <2.8 MPa. Neither structure collapse nor monolith detachment occurred at flow rates as high as 2.0 mL/min, which produced back pressures between 6.9 and 9.0 MPa. The retention times of ovalbumin, ribonuclease A, cytochrome C, and lysozyme in salt gradient at pH 7.0 followed the order of increasing isoelectric points, confirming the cation exchange mechanism. Separation and determination of lysozyme in egg white proved the applicability of the columns to the analysis of complex samples.
Speech Performance after Anterolateral Thigh Phonatory Tube Reconstruction for Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Lu Yi‐An , Pei Yu‐Cheng , Chuang Hsiu‐Feng , Lin Li‐Yun , Hsin Li‐Jen , Kang Chung‐Jan , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Chiang Hui‐Chen , Tsao Chung‐Kan , Fang Tuan‐Jen 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTraditionally, after total laryngopharyngectomy (TLP), patients cannot speak without a prosthesis or an artificial larynx. In Taiwan, most patients use a commercialized pneumatic laryngeal device (PLD). Phonatory tube reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a novel, modified version of synchronous digestive and phonatory reconstruction involving a free muscular cutaneous flap. This study reviewed and compared speech performance between patients who underwent novel flap reconstruction and conventional PLD users.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent TLP from August 2017 to September 2019. The voice handicap index (VHI), speech intelligibility, acoustic and aerodynamic analysis results, and speech range profile (SRP) were compared between patients who underwent ALT phonatory tube reconstruction (ALT group) and those using PLDs (PLD group).ResultsTwenty patients were included; 13 patients were included in the ALT group, and 7 patients were included in the PLD group. Compared to the PLD group, the ALT group had a better fundamental frequency range (P < .001) and semitone range (P < .001) during speech but showed worse jitter, shimmer, and harmonic‐to‐noise ratios. The two groups showed comparable VHI and speech intelligibility performance.ConclusionsThe ALT phonatory tube, a novel flap for reconstruction, can restore digestive and voice functions simultaneously. Compared with PLD use, ALT phonatory tube reconstruction yields an improved speech range and comparable levels of voice handicap and speech intelligibility, suggesting that the technique is a good alternative for patients after TLP.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1349–1357, 2021
The cost of restoring carbon stocks in Brazil's Atlantic Forest
Authors: Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Guillemot Joannès , César Ricardo G. , Andrade Henrique S. , Mendes Alex , Sorrini Taísi B. , Piccolo Marisa D. C. , Peluci Marina C. , Moreno Vanessa D. S. , Colletta Gabriel , Chazdon Robin L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKnowing which restoration approach provides the best returns on investment for accumulating carbon is essential to foster restoration planning, financing, and implementation. Here, we explored the cost‐effectiveness and drivers of aboveground and soil carbon accumulation in restored forests across an agricultural landscape of Brazil's Atlantic Forest. The recovery of aboveground and soil carbon stocks, as well as the implementation and land opportunity costs, was assessed across chronosequences (10–60 years) of second‐growth forests and mixed‐species tree plantings and old growth, reference forest remnants. Plantations accumulated approximately 50% more aboveground carbon than second‐growth forests throughout the chronosequence. When controlling for soil clay content, soil carbon stocks were higher in reference than in restored forests, but they were comparable between plantations and second‐growth forests. After 60 years of stand development, recovery of total carbon stocks in both restoration approaches reached only half of the average stocks of reference forests. Total cost‐effectiveness for carbon accumulation, including both implementation and land opportunity costs, was on average 60% higher for second‐growth forests than for plantations (15.1 and 9.4 kgC US$−1, respectively). Although tree plantations initially showed higher rates of carbon storage than second‐growth forests, their higher implementation and land opportunity costs make them less cost‐effective for carbon farming. Our results further suggest that, at current pricing levels, carbon markets alone have a limited potential to up‐scale restoration efforts in Brazil's Atlantic Forest.
Krill Oil Perturbs Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Colon Cancer Cells in vitro by Impeding Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jing Weiqiang , Bi Yuxuan , Wang Ganyu , Zeng Shuyan , Han Lihui , Yang Hui , Wang Na , Zhao Yunxue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to increase. Treatment of CRC remains a significant clinical challenge, and effective therapies for advanced CRC are desperately needed. Increasing attention and ongoing research efforts have focused on krill oil that may provide health benefits to the human body. Here we report that krill oil exerts in vitro anticancer activity through a direct inhibition on proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of mouse colon cancer cells. Krill oil inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of CT‐26 colon cancer cells by causing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was attributable to reduction of cyclin D1 levels in krill oil‐treated cells. Further studies revealed that krill oil induced mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis of CT‐26 cells, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased cytosolic calcium levels, activation of caspase‐3, and downregulation of anti‐apoptotic proteins MCL‐1 and BCL‐XL. Krill oil suppressed migration of CT‐26 cells by disrupting the microfilaments and microtubules. Extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) plays crucial roles in regulating proliferation and migration of cancer cells. We found that krill oil attenuated the activation of ERK signaling pathway to exert the effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration of colon cancer cells. We speculate that polyunsaturated fatty acids of krill oil may dampen ERK activation by decreasing the phospholipid saturation of cell membrane. Although findings from in vitro studies may not necessarily translate in vivo, our study provides insights into the possibility that krill oil or its components could have therapeutic potential in colon cancer.
Single‐Shot Ultraviolet Compressed Ultrafast Photography
Authors: Lai Yingming , Xue Yujia , Côté Christian‐Yves , Liu Xianglei , Laramée Antoine , Jaouen Nicolas , Légaré François , Tian Lei , Liang Jinyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCompressed ultrafast photography (CUP) is an emerging potent technique that allows imaging a nonrepeatable or difficult‐to‐produce transient event in a single shot. Despite many recent advances, existing CUP techniques operate only at visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. In addition, spatial encoding via a digital micromirror device (DMD) in CUP systems often limits its field of view and imaging speeds. Finally, conventional reconstruction algorithms have limited control of the reconstruction process to further improve the image quality in the recovered datacubes of the scene. To overcome these limitations, this article reports a single‐shot UV‐CUP that exhibits a sequence depth of up to 1500 frames with a size of 1750 × 500 pixels at an imaging speed of 0.5 trillion frames per second. A patterned photocathode is integrated into a streak camera, which overcomes the previous restrictions in DMD‐based spatial encoding and improves the system's compactness. Meanwhile, the plug‐and‐play alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is implemented to CUP's image reconstruction to enhance reconstructed image quality. UV‐CUP's single‐shot ultrafast imaging ability is demonstrated by recording UV pulses transmitting through various spatial patterns. UV‐CUP is expected to find many applications in both fundamental and applied science.
Bias‐Modulated Multicolor Discrimination Enabled by an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Photodetector with a p‐i‐n‐i‐p Configuration
Authors: Kim Hyeonghun , Kim Woochul , Pak Yusin , Yoo Tae Jin , Lee Hae‐Won , Lee Byoung Hun , Kwon Sooncheol , Jung Gun Young 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite significant progress in color discrimination in various optoelectronic systems, most conventional technologies equipped with dissipative optical filters still suffer from high incident light loss and costly manufacturing. Herein, it is demonstrated that a novel class of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite photodetectors based on a p‐i‐n‐i‐p structure can exhibit a switchable spectral response caused by bias modulation. A single photodetector with a p‐i‐n‐i‐p structure in which a low‐band n‐i‐p perovskite diode is vertically stacked on top of a high‐band p‐i‐n perovskite diode allows selective charge extraction from each perovskite diode by switching the bias polarity, resulting in fine discrimination of monochromatic red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light. Furthermore, a combination of two p‐i‐n‐i‐p photodetectors is successfully applied for identifying an arbitrary nonmonochromatic color (i.e., a mixed color in RGB space); thus, this approach can pave the way for developing spatially efficient and optical filter‐free imaging systems.
Control of the diffusible hydrogen content in different steel phases through the targeted use of different welding consumables in underwater wet welding
Authors: Klett Jan , Mattos Isabel B. F. , Maier Hans J. , e Silva Régis H. G. , Hassel Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the rising number of offshore structures all over the world, underwater wet welding has become increasingly relevant, mainly as a repair method. Welding in direct contact with water involves numerous challenges. A topic focused by many studies is the risk of hydrogen‐induced cracking in wet weldments due to hardness values of up to 500 HV 0.2 in the heat‐affected zone (HAZ) and high levels of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal. The risk of cracking increases as the equivalent carbon content rises, because the potential to form martensitic structures within the HAZ rises too. Thus, high‐strength steels are especially prone to hydrogen‐induced cracking and are considered unsafe for underwater wet repair weldments.
Hierarchically Structured M13 Phage Aerogel for Enhanced Sound‐Absorption
Authors: Wang Guan , Yuan Pingqiu , Ma Binghe , Yuan Weizheng , Luo Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAerogels are a novel type of open‐cell porous material. They are particularly suitable for passive sound‐absorption due to their high porosity and high‐surface areas of the internal structures, but with the drawbacks of limited absorption rate of low‐frequency sound and poor mechanical performance. Here, it is first demonstrated that the M13 phage aerogel(M13AG) with hierarchically porous and ribbing structures is beneficial to sound‐absorption and the local piezoelectric effect attributed to M13 phages can further improve the sound‐absorption ability in the low‐frequency. The sound‐absorption coefficient of the M13AG with thickness of 20 mm attains peak value of 0.992 at 1600 Hz. In addition, the M13AG is assembled on a metallic foam framework to enhance its mechanical performance. The resulting M13AG/nickel foam exhibits enhanced compressive yield strength up to 0.14 MPa. This study opens up a new opportunity for passive sound‐absorption.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Tribological Properties of Oil‐Containing Self‐Lubricating Polyurethane Materials
Authors: Mu Bo , Cui Jianbing , Yang Baoping , Cui Jinfeng , Guo Junhong , Tian Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, polyurethane (PU) materials containing paraffin oil are successfully prepared via an emulsion template method, which realizes the one‐pot preparation of self‐lubrication materials. The results show that the block copolymer surfactant (PEG20‐PPG70‐PEG20, P‐123) can stabilize the nonaqueous PU emulsion with the paraffin oil serving both as dispersed phase of oil in oil emulsion and as a lubricant in the materials, and hence enables the fabrication of oil incorporating PU materials accordingly. Tribological tests show that the friction coefficient of PU material with 35% paraffin oil decreases to 0.05 which account for 93.06% reduce compared to that of pure PU.