bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Support During Latent Phase Labor
Authors: Breman Rachel Blankstein , Neerland Carrie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the literature on nursing support during the latent phase of the first stage of labor. In 2014, the definition of the beginning of active labor changed from 4 centimeters (cm) to 6 cm cervical dilation. More women may have an induction of labor based on results of recent research showing no causal increase in risk of cesarean birth with elective induction of labor for low-risk nulliparous women. Therefore, in-hospital latent phase labor may be longer, increasing the need for nursing support.

Design:
Scoping review of the literature from 2009 to present.

Methods:
We conducted the review using key words in PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus. Search terms included different combinations of “latent or early labor,” “birth,” “support,” “nursing support,” “obstetrics,” and “onset of labor.” Peer-reviewed research and quality improvement articles from 2009 to present were included if they had specific implications for nursing care during the latent phase of labor. Articles were excluded if they were not specific to nursing, focused exclusively on tool development, or were from the perspective of pregnant women or providers only.

Results:
Ten articles were included. Results were synthesized into six categories; support of physiologic labor and birth, the nurse's own personal view of labor, birth environment, techniques and tools, decision-making, and importance of latent labor discussion during the prenatal period.

Clinical Implications:
Support for physiologic labor and birth is an important consideration for use of nonpharmacological methods during latent labor. The nurse's own personal view on labor support can influence the support that laboring women receive. Nurses may need additional education on labor support methods.
Associations of Total, Cognitive/Affective, and Somatic Depressive Symptoms and Antidepressant Use With Cardiovascular Disease–Relevant Biomarkers in HIV: Veterans Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Stewart Jesse C. , Polanka Brittanny M. , So-Armah Kaku A. , White Jessica R. , Gupta Samir K. , Kundu Suman , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Freiberg Matthew S. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
We sought to determine the associations of total, cognitive/affective, and somatic depressive symptoms and antidepressant use with biomarkers of processes implicated in cardiovascular disease in HIV (HIV-CVD).

Methods
We examined data from 1546 HIV-positive and 843 HIV-negative veterans. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and past-year antidepressant use was determined from Veterans Affair pharmacy records. Monocyte (soluble CD14 [sCD14]), inflammatory (interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and coagulation (D-dimer) marker levels were determined from previously banked blood specimens. Linear regression models with multiple imputation were run to estimate the associations between depression-related factors and CVD-relevant biomarkers.

Results
Among HIV-positive participants, greater somatic depressive symptoms were associated with higher sCD14 (exp[b] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00–1.03) and D-dimer (exp[b] = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00–1.11) after adjustment for demographics and potential confounders. Further adjustment for antidepressant use and HIV factors slightly attenuated these relationships. Associations were also detected for antidepressant use, as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use was related to lower sCD14 (exp[b] = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91–1.00) and IL-6 (exp[b] = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76–0.96), and tricyclic antidepressant use was related to higher sCD14 (exp[b] = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.12) and IL-6 (exp[b] = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02–1.28). Among HIV-negative participants, total, cognitive/affective, and somatic depressive symptoms were associated with higher IL-6, and tricyclic antidepressant use was related to higher sCD14.

Conclusions
Our novel findings suggest that a) monocyte activation and altered coagulation may represent two pathways through which depression increases HIV-CVD risk and that b) tricyclic antidepressants may elevate and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may attenuate HIV-CVD risk by influencing monocyte and inflammatory activation.
An Epidemiological Analysis and Comparison of Single Site and Multiple Site Fracture Repair: An NSQIP Analysis
Authors: Torabi Sina J. , Brauer Philip R. , Salehi Parsa P. , Ma Anthony K. , Lee Jonathan Y. , Lee Yan H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We aimed to utilize the 2010 to 2017 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to evaluate the epidemiology and efficacy of facial fracture repairs, specifically comparing multiple fracture site repairs (MFR) compared to single fracture site repairs (SFR). Of 4739 patients, 718 (15.2%) were found to have undergone MFR. A total of 577 (80.4%) of the MFRs involved the midface only. A total of 2114 (52.6%) of the SFRs were mid-face fractures, while 1825 (45.4%) involved the lower-face and only 82 (2.0%) involved the upper-face. The most frequent MFR was combined orbital and malar/zygoma repair (230 cases [32.0%]). When comparing MFR and SFR of the mid-face, MFR patients were more commonly male, White, operated on by plastic surgeons, presented with contaminated wounds, and active smokers. While MFRs were associated with a longer operative time (P < 0.001) and a longer postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.001), there were no differences in reoperation or readmission. Overall, complication rates were low, but slightly higher in the mid-face MFR group (1.4% in mid-face SFR and 3.0% in mid-face MFR; P = 0.019). Sub-analysis of mid-face only MFRs and middle-lower-face MFRs revealed no difference in postoperative complication rates (3.0% and 7.0%, respectively; P = 0.071). The data presented suggests that MFR are a relatively common occurrence. Although plastic surgeons perform MFRs more frequently, it is currently unclear whether the underlying reason is a product of differences in training, coding patterns, or referral patterns. Though MFRs require more hospital resources, complications rates are low. This will help manage patient expectations and guide patient counseling before surgery, as well as help to plan postoperative care.
Real-time detection of COVID-19 epicenters within the United States using a network of smart thermometers
Authors: Chamberlain S.D. , Singh I. , Ariza C. , Daitch A. , Philips P. , Dalziel B. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContaining outbreaks of infectious disease requires rapid identification of transmission hotspots, as the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates. Focusing limited public health resources on transmission hotspots can contain spread, thus reducing morbidity and mortality, but rapid data on community-level disease dynamics is often unavailable. Here, we demonstrate an approach to identify anomalously elevated levels of influenza-like illness (ILI) in real-time, at the scale of US counties. Leveraging data from a geospatial network of thermometers encompassing more than one million users across the US, we identify anomalies by generating accurate, county-specific forecasts of seasonal ILI from a point prior to a potential outbreak and comparing real-time data to these expectations. Anomalies are strongly correlated with COVID-19 case counts and may provide an early-warning system to locate outbreak epicenters.One Sentence SummaryDistributed networks of smart thermometers track COVID-19 transmission epicenters in real-time.
Absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats and dogs in close contact with a cluster of COVID-19 patients in a veterinary campus
Authors: Temmam Sarah , Barbarino Alix , Maso Djérène , Behillil Sylvie , Enouf Vincent , Huon Christèle , Jaraud Ambre , Chevallier Lucie , Backovic Marija , Pérot Philippe , Verwaerde Patrick , Tiret Laurent , van der Werf Sylvie , Eloit Marc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which originated in Wuhan, China, in 2019, is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It is now accepted that the wild fauna, probably bats, constitute the initial reservoir of the virus, but little is known about the role pets can play in the spread of the disease in human communities, knowing the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect some domestic animals. We tested 21 domestic pets (9 cats and 12 dogs) living in close contact with their owners (belonging to a veterinary community of 20 students) in which two students tested positive for COVID-19 and several others (n = 11/18) consecutively showed clinical signs (fever, cough, anosmia, etc.) compatible with COVID-19 infection. Although a few pets presented many clinical signs indicative for a coronavirus infection, no animal tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and no antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detectable in their blood using an immunoprecipitation assay. These original data can serve a better evaluation of the host range of SARS-CoV-2 in natural environment exposure conditions.
Separable influences of reward on visual processing and choice
Authors: Soltani Alireza , Rakhshan Mohsen , Schafer Robert J , Burrows Brittany E , Moore Tirin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimate vision is characterized by constant, sequential processing and selection of visual targets to fixate. Although expected reward is known to influence both processing and selection of visual targets, similarities and differences between these effects remains unclear mainly because they have been measured in separate tasks. Using a novel paradigm, we simultaneously measured the effects of reward outcomes and expected reward on target selection and sensitivity to visual motion in monkeys. Monkeys freely chose between two visual targets and received a juice reward with varying probability for eye movements made to either of them. Targets were stationary apertures of drifting gratings, causing the endpoints of eye movements to these targets to be systematically biased in the direction of motion. We used this motion-induced bias as a measure of sensitivity to visual motion on each trial. We then performed different analyses to explore effects of objective and subjective reward values on choice and sensitivity to visual motion in order to find similarities and differences between reward effects on these two processes. Specifically, we used different reinforcement learning models to fit choice behavior and estimate subjective reward values based on the integration of reward outcomes over multiple trials. Moreover, to compare the effects of subjective reward value on choice and sensitivity to motion directly, we considered correlations between each of these variables and integrated reward outcomes on a wide range of timescales. We found that in addition to choice, sensitivity to visual motion was also influenced by subjective reward value, even though the motion was irrelevant for receiving reward. Unlike choice, however, sensitivity to visual motion was not affected by objective measures of reward value. Moreover, choice was determined by the difference in subjective reward values of the two options whereas sensitivity to motion was influenced by the sum of values. Finally, models that best predicted visual processing and choice used sets of estimated reward values based on different types of reward integration and timescales. Together, our results demonstrate separable influences of reward on visual processing and choice, and point to the presence of multiple brain circuits for integration of reward outcomes.
Background white noise and speech facilitate visual working memory
Authors: Han Sizhu , Zhu Ruizhen , Ku Yixuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn contrast to background white noise, the detrimental effects of background speech on verbal working memory (WM) were often explained by speech interference in the same verbal modality. Yet, those results were confounded with potential differences between arousal levels induced by speech and white noise. To address the role of arousal, in the present study, we minimized the verbal interference and used a visual WM task to test the influence of background speech or white noise. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and Electromyography (EMG) were recorded simultaneously to indicate the arousal levels of participants. Results showed that both background speech and white noise significantly improved visual WM performance. The change of performance further correlated with the change of physiological signals linked with arousal. Taken together, our results suggest that both background speech and white noise facilitate visual WM through raising the arousal level.
Application of single nuclei RNA sequencing to assess the hepatic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Authors: Nault Rance , Fader Kelly A. , Bhattacharya Sudin , Zacharewski Tim R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCell-specific transcriptional responses are lost in the averages of bulk RNA sequencing. We performed single nuclei RNA sequencing (snSeq) on frozen liver samples from male C57BL/6 mice in response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Approximately 19,907 hepatic genes were detected across 16,015 sequenced nuclei from control and treated samples. Eleven cell-(sub)types were identified including distinct hepatocyte sub-populations, consistent with the cell diversity of the liver. TCDD increased macrophages from 0.5% to 24.7%, while neutrophils were only present in treated samples. The number of differentially expressed genes correlated with the basal expression level ofAhr. In addition to expected functional enrichments within each cell-(sub)type, RAS signaling was enriched in nonparenchymal cells. snSeq also identified a Kupffer cell subtype highly expressingGpnmb, consistent with a dietary NASH model. Overall, snSeq distinguished cell-specific transcriptional changes and population shifts consistent with the hepatotoxicity of TCDD.
Selective control of working memory in prefrontal, parietal, and visual cortex
Authors: Panichello Matthew F. , Buschman Timothy J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCognitive control guides behavior by controlling what, where, and how information is represented in the brain. Previous work has shown parietal and prefrontal cortex direct attention, which controls the representation of external sensory stimuli1,2. However, the neural mechanisms controlling the selection of representations held ‘in mind’, in working memory, are unknown. To address this, we trained two monkeys to switch between two tasks, requiring them to either select an item from a set of items held in working memory or attend to one stimulus from a set of visual stimuli. Simultaneous neural recordings in prefrontal, parietal, and visual cortex found prefrontal cortex played a primary role in selecting an item from working memory, representing selection before parietal and visual cortex. Surprisingly, a common population representation in prefrontal cortex encoded selection of an item in working memory and attention to an external stimulus, suggesting prefrontal cortex may act as a domain-general controller. Selection acted on memory representations in two ways. First, selection improved the accuracy of memory reports by enhancing the selected item’s representation in prefrontal and parietal cortex. Second, selection transformed memory representations in a task-dependent manner. Before selection, when both items were relevant to the task, the identity of each item was represented in an independent subspace of neural activity. After selection, the representation of only the selected item was transformed into a new subspace that was used to guide the animal’s behavioral report. Together, our results provide insight into how prefrontal cortex controls working memory representations, selectively enhancing and transforming them to support behavior.
Microbial community composition is affected by press, but not pulse, seawater intrusion
Authors: Mobilian Courtney , Wisnoski Nathan I. , Lennon Jay T. , Alber Merryl , Widney Sarah , Craft Christopher B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTidal freshwater marshes (TFMs) are threatened by seawater intrusion, which can affect microbial communities and alter biogeochemical processes. Here, we report on Seawater Addition Long Term Experiment (SALTEx), a manipulative field experiment that investigated continuous (press) and episodic (pulse, 2 months/yr) inputs of brackish water on microbial communities in a TFM. After 2.5 years, microbial diversity was lower in press treatments than in control (untreated) plots. Sulfate reducers increased in response to both press and pulse treatments whereas methanogens did not differ among treatments. Our results suggest that microbial communities in TFMs are resilient to episodic events, but that continuous seawater intrusion may alter bacterial diversity in ways that affect ecosystem functioning.Scientific Significance StatementSea level rise and seawater intrusion threaten tidal freshwater marshes (TFMs) and the important ecosystem services they provide. Intrusion of seawater in TFMs can occur across a range of timescales, such as episodic events, like storm surges or drought, or continuous intrusion as a result of rising sea level. The effects of these stressors on TFM microbial communities are not well understood. Our multi-year field manipulation of brackish water inputs revealed that microbial communities were resilient to short-term pulses of salinity whereas continuous seawater intrusion led to reduced microbial diversity along with changes in relative abundance of key functional groups. Such alterations may diminish the ability of TFMs to sequester carbon and cycle nutrients.
Graph convolutional networks for drug response prediction
Authors: Nguyen Tuan , Nguyen Giang T.T. , Nguyen Thin , Le Duc-Hau 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrug response prediction is an important problem in computational personalized medicine. Many machine-learning-based methods, especially deep learning-based ones, have been proposed for this task. However, these methods often represent the drugs as strings, which are not a natural way to depict molecules. Also, interpretation (e.g., what are the mutation or copy number aberration contributing to the drug response) has not been considered thoroughly.MethodsIn this study, we propose a novel method, GraphDRP, based on graph convolutional network for the problem. In GraphDRP, drugs were represented in molecular graphs directly capturing the bonds among atoms, meanwhile cell lines were depicted as binary vectors of genomic aberrations. Representative features of drugs and cell lines were learned by convolution layers, then combined to represent for each drug-cell line pair. Finally, the response value of each drug-cell line pair was predicted by a fully-connected neural network. Four variants of graph convolutional networks were used for learning the features of drugs.ResultsWe found that GraphDRP outperforms tCNNS in all performance measures for all experiments. Also, through saliency maps of the resulting GraphDRP models, we discovered the contribution of the genomic aberrations to the responses.ConclusionRepresenting drugs as graphs can improve the performance of drug response prediction.Availability of data and materialsData and source code can be downloaded athttps://github.com/hauldhut/GraphDRP.
Introduction of theAspergillus fumigatusα-1,2-mannosidase MsdS intoTrichoderma reeseileads to abnormal polarity and improves the ligno-cellulose degradation
Authors: Ghimire Prakriti Sharma , Ouyang Haomiao , Zhao Guangya , Xie Mingming , Zhou Hui , Yang Jinghua , Jin Cheng 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTα-1,2-Mannosidase is an important enzyme essential for N-glycan processing and plays a significant role in the biosynthesis and organization of fungal cell wall. Lacking of α-1,2-mannosidase leads to cell wall defect in yeast and filamentous fungi.Trichoderma reeseiis known to be non-toxic to human, and its N-glycan on secreted glycoprotein is Man8GlcNAc2. To evaluate the significance of the N-glycan processing inT. reesei, in this studyAspergillus fumigatusα-1, 2-mannosidase MsdS, an enzyme that cleaves N-linked Man8GlcNAc2in Golgi to produce Man6GlcNAc2on secreted glycoprotein, was introduced intoT. reesei. ThemsdS-expressing strain Tr-MsdS produced a major glycoform of Man6GlcNAc2on its secreted glycoproteins, instead of Man8GlcNAc2in the parent strain. Although the cell wall content ofmsdS-expressing strain Tr-MsdS was changed, it appeared that the cell wall integrity was not affected. However, phenotypes such as increased conidiation, multiple budding and random branching were observed in strain Tr-MsdS. In addition, expression of MsdS intoT. resseialso affected protein secretion and improved the ligno-cellulose degradation ofT. reesei. Our results indicate that processing of the N-glycan is species-specific and plays an important role in protein secretion inT. reesei, specially cellulases. Also, our results provide a new strategy to improve cellulases production by interfering the N-glycan processing inT. reesei.ImportanceFor the first time, the N-glycan processing is shown to play an important role in polarized growth and protein secretion inT. reesei. In addition, our results show that alterated N-glycan processing enhances cellulose degradation, which provides a strategy to improve cellulases production inT. reesei.
The public health impact of fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Mamoon Lamia , Olesen Scott W. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a recommended, clinically efficacious, and cost-effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), the scale of FMT use in the United States is unknown. We developed a population-level CDI model and estimated that 48,000 FMTs could be performed annually, preventing 32,000 CDI recurrences.