bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convert Arabic Letters Voice into Gesture
Authors: Ali Shaker K. , Saud Sabreen K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper suggest approach to solve the problem of social communication between blind and dumb by converting voices of 28 Arabic letters (ي,.........,أ) into gesture (images) by extraction features by using Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficients (MFCC)and classify the types of letters by using; J48, KNN, and Naive byes (NB). Several features are extracted from speech voice of Arabic letters voices. The dataset collected by recorded voices from twenty different persons, each person recorded ten voices for each twenty eight letters so the total dataset are 5600 voices (200 voices for each 28 letters). Mel-frequency Cepstral coefficients are extracted from 5600 voices of letters which convert the voices into a signal and extract features vector to classify later by using J48, KNN and NB algorithms, which may vary in time or speed signals. The experimental results shows that the best accuracy of speech recognition algorithm by using the J48 algorithm with a performance ratio of 100% while KNN is the 94.023% and Naive byes is the 20.012%.
Measuring the Impact of Using Different Tools on Classification System Results
Authors: Khalaf Zainab A. , Jawad Zainab M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A huge amount of textual data is available on the web. These data need to be classified under labels or classes to make the search more efficient and easier. Achieved by using automatic classification is used for this task. Many factors impact on the performance of the classifier system, such as the amount of using dataset, the data dispersion degree, preprocessing tools, feature extraction methods, terms weighting, and data reduction. So, researchers constantly compete to build a robust classifier with good performance. This study focuses on the effect of using different tools in preprocessing and term weighting stages. The experimental results applied on two different languages (Arabic and English languages). Also, the experimental results were compared with the recent related works.
A Modification to Vogel’s Approximation Method to Solve Transportation Problems
Authors: Hussein H A , Shiker M A K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transportation Problem (TP) is singular of the paradigms in the Linear Programming Problems (LPP). The TP in Operations Research represent vastly applied optimization. (TP) has some goals, like reducing transportation costs or reducing transportation time, etc. Whereas meeting both supply level and request level requirements. Transportation problem plays a major role in industry, trade, logistics, etc. To get the most possible profit, organizations are always looking for better ways to reduce cost and improve revenue. To solve the transportation problems, it is always required to find an initial basic feasible solution (IBFS) for get the optimal solution. The Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) is the important known traditional methods for obtaining an IBFS of TP. In this work, we introduce a new modification to the VAM for finding an IBFS for the transportation problems almost nearer to the optimal solve. Proposed modification is illustrated with solved numerical examples. A comparison study was also conducted with the results of classic methods. This modified approach most of times give better solution and very nearer to the optimal solve, furthermore, occasionally gives the optimal solve. This method is clear, easy to comprehend.
A new projection technique for developing a Liu-Storey method to solve nonlinear systems of monotone equations
Authors: Mahdi M M , Shiker M A K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The projection technique is a very important method and efficient for solving unconstraint optimization and nonlinear equations. In this study, we developed a Liu-Story (LS) algorithm for solving monotone equations of nonlinear systems. The new algorithm satisfies the sufficient descent condition and it’s a suitable method of large scale equations for its limited memory. We established a global convergence of suggest method under the mild conditions. Numerical results proved that the new algorithm works well and promising.
Variable selection in Gamma regression model using binary gray Wolf optimization algorithm
Authors: Al-Thanoon Niam Abdulmunim , Qasim Omar Saber , Algamal Zakariya Yahya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the real life applications, large amounts of variables have been accumulated quickly. Selection of variables is a very useful tool for improving the prediction accuracy by identifying the most relative variables that related to the study. Gamma regression model is one of the most models that applied in several science fields. Gray Wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) is one of the proposed nature-inspired algorithms that can efficiently be employed for variable selection. In this paper, chaotic GWO is proposed to perform variable selection for gamma regression model. The simulation studies and a real data application are used to evaluate the performance of our proposed procedure in terms of prediction accuracy and variable selection criteria. The obtained results demonstrated the efficiency of our proposed methods comparing with other popular methods.
Rayleigh-Rayleigh Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Al-Noor N H , Assi N K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a new compound distribution named Rayleigh-Rayleigh (Ra-Ra) is presented. Several structural statistical properties of new distribution containing explicit expressions for the r-th moments, characteristic function, quantile function, order statistics, Shannon and relative entropies, besides stress strength reliability were considered and studied. The unknown parameters of Ra-Ra distribution have been estimated under the maximum likelihood estimation method. Moreover, the Ra-Ra distribution is applied upon a simulation study and real data set in order to evaluate its utility and flexibility.
Multicomponent stress-strength system reliability estimation for generalized exponential-poison distribution
Authors: Mezaal A R , Mansour A I , Karm N S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study deals with (s -out of- k) Multicomponent Stress (Y) and Strength (X) System Reliability Estimation. Both stress and strength assumed to have Generalized Exponential-Poisson Distribution with common and known scale parameters (θ and λ). The aim here is to estimate the unknown shape parameters (α and β) for X and Y respectively using two methods of estimation ML and Bayes analysis by one prior with five loss functions. Then estimate Reliability using the same methods and compared the results by Mean square error criteria from simulation study to find the best performance of the estimators. the results show that the best estimator for R(s,k) is Bayes estimator under Quadratic loss function using Gamma prior function, followed by GD, GW, GP, MLE and GS estimators, respectively.
The Split Anti Fuzzy Domination in Anti Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Yousif H J , Omran A A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We will discuss the concept of a split anti-fuzzy dominating set (SAFD) in anti fuzzy graph (GAF) and investigate the relationship of γSAF
(GAF)(split anti fuzzy domination number) with other known parameters of anti-fuzzy graph. Some bounds and interesting results for this parameter are obtained. The split anti-fuzzy domination on some standard anti-fuzzy graph has been discussed with some suitable graphs.
The Reverse construction of complete (k, n)- arcs in three-dimensional projective space PG(3,4)
Authors: Mustafa Sulaimaan Aidan Essa , Kasm Yahya Nada Yassen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, the complete (k, n) arcs in PG(3,4) over Galois field GF(4) can be created by removing some points from the complete arcs of degree m, where m = n + 1, 3 n q2 + q is used. In addition, where k ≤ 85, we geometrically prove that the minimum complete (k, n)–arc in PG(3,4) is (5,3)-arc. A(k, n)–arcs is a set of k points no n+1 of which collinear. A(k, n)–arcs is complete unless it is embedded in an arc (k+l,n).
Chaos in Beddington–DeAngelis food chain model with fear
Authors: Ibrahim Hiba Abdullah , Naji Raid Kamel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the current paper, the effect of fear in three species Beddington–DeAngelis food chain model is investigated. A three species food chain model incorporating Beddington-DeAngelis functional response is proposed, where the growth rate in the first and second level decreases due to existence of predator in the upper level. The existence, uniqueness and boundedness of the solution of the model are studied. All the possible equilibrium points are determined. The local as well as global stability of the system are investigated. The persistence conditions of the system are established. The local bifurcation analysis of the system is carried out. Finally, numerical simulations are used to investigate the existence of chaos and understand the effect of varying the system parameters. It is observed that the existence of fear up to a critical value has a stabilizing effect on the system; otherwise it works as an extinction factor in the system.
A New Iterative Methods For a Family of Asymptotically Severe Mappings
Authors: Maibed Z H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce the concepts of asymptotically p-contractive and asymptotically severe accretive mappings. Also, we give an iterative methods (two step-three step) for finite family of asymptotically p-contractive and asymptotically severe accretive mappings to solve types of equations.
A Study of Equicontinuous Maps On Uniform Spaces G–Spaces By
Authors: Ansam A A , Ihsan J K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we shall study some new properties of equicontinuous maps on uniform G–Spaces. Here the phase space consider as a uniform space. Also we show the relationship among the equicontinuous maps with the distal dynamical system and expansive dynamical system.
Quality testing algorithms reduce overall completion time and overall delay in machine scheduling
Authors: Cheachan Fathalh A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we shed light on the issue of scheduling a single machine for foggy delay time and foggy work time. For the purpose of reducing the value of maximizing blur-delay function. A comparison was made and tested between several local methods ((TA), (TS), (GA), (ACO) and (MA)). The results of the selection reached 1500 works. Through the results, it was found that ACO gives the best approximate solutions.
An Additional Properties of the Graded Prime Spectrum of (R, G)
Authors: AL-Juburie Abdulsatar Jmah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Let G be a group and R be a G −graded commutative ring, i.e.,

R

=

g
∈
G

⊕

𝑅𝑔 and 𝑅𝑔𝑅ℎ ⊆ 𝑅𝑔ℎ for all 𝑔, ℎ ∈ 𝐺. For 𝐿 ⊆ 𝑅, let 𝑉(𝐿) denote the set of all 𝐺-prime ideals of (𝑅, 𝐺) containing 𝐿. Also, let 𝐺𝑋 denote the set of all graded prime ideals of (𝑅, 𝐺) and 𝐺ℳ denote the set of all graded maximal ideals of (𝑅, 𝐺). Then Ƒ {𝐺𝑋 − 𝑉(𝐿): 𝐿 ⊆ 𝑅} is a topological space G − spec(R) on 𝐺𝑋. In this paper, we give an additional topological properties of G − spec(R).
Forest regeneration on European sheep pasture is an economically viable climate change mitigation strategy
Authors: O’Neill Connie , Lim Felix K S , Edwards David P , Osborne Colin P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Livestock production uses 37% of land globally and is responsible for 15% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Yet livestock farmers across Europe receive billions of dollars in annual subsidies to support their livelihoods. This study evaluates whether diverting European subsidies into the restoration of trees on abandoned farmland represents a cost-effective negative-emissions strategy for mitigating climate change. Focusing on sheep farming in the United Kingdom, and on natural regeneration and planted native forests, we show that, without subsidies, sheep farming is not profitable when farmers are paid for their labour. Despite the much lower productivity of upland farms, upland and lowland farms are financially comparable per hectare. Conversion to ‘carbon forests’ is possible via natural regeneration when close to existing trees, which are seed sources. This strategy is financially viable without subsidies, meeting the net present value of poorly performing sheep farming at a competitive $4/tCO2eq. If tree planting is required to establish forests, then ∼$55/tCO2eq is needed to break-even, making it uneconomical under current carbon market prices without financial aid to cover establishment costs. However, this break-even price is lower than the theoretical social value of carbon ($68/tCO2eq), which represents the economic cost of CO2 emissions to society. The viability of land-use conversion without subsidies therefore depends on low farm performance, strong likelihood of natural regeneration, and high carbon-market price, plus overcoming potential trade-offs between the cultural and social values placed on pastoral livestock systems and climate change mitigation. The morality of subsidising farming practices that cause high GHG emissions in Europe, whilst spending billions annually on protecting forest carbon in less developed nations to slow climate change is questionable.
Radiation profiles from the surface up to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Jinqiang , Shi Hongrong , Chen Qixiang , Zong Xuemei , Li Jun , Han Xinlei , Bi Yongheng , Xia Xiangao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Variations in solar shortwave and thermal longwave radiation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are crucial for global climate and regional ecological environment. Previous radiation studies over the TP were widely based on ground and satellite measurements of the radiation budget at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere. A stratospheric balloon-based radiation measurement system was employed in a 2019 field campaign to study how and why radiation profiles vary over the TP during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) period. We originally provide in situ measurements of multiwavelength radiation profiles from the surface up to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) over the TP. These valuable observations, combined with simultaneous operational radiosondes, ground measurements, satellite retrievals and radiative transfer model simulations, are used to study radiation variations and the radiative forcings of clouds and aerosols over the TP during the ASM period. Cloud occurrences beneath the balloon flight altitude induce more balloon-borne shortwave upward radiation and ultraviolet upward radiation but less longwave upward radiation relative to clear sky counterparts. The radiative transfer model simulations capture the variations in balloon shortwave downward radiation (SDR) profiles well. Cloud radiative forcings at the UTLS and surface vary greatly with varying cloud cover. The diurnal evolution of the SDR discrepancy between the balloon altitudes and surface and the aerosol radiative forcing at the bottom of the atmosphere are also discussed during the balloon flight periods. The results of this study are expected to improve our understanding of radiation properties in the UTLS and help us better comprehend the thermal conditions associated with clouds and aerosols over the TP during the ASM.
Evaluation of the acidic strengths on electronic ground and excited states of proton transfer dye using Excitation-Emission fluorescence matrix (EEM) and Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS)
Authors: Cordeiro Dantas Willian Francisco , Duarte Luís Gustavo Teixeira Alves , Rodembusch Fabiano Severo , Poppi Ronei Jesus , Zambon Atvars Teresa Dib 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) was for the first time successfully used to evaluate an intricate photophysical behavior, where deprotonation on the electronic ground state (S0), intra and intermolecular proton transfer processes (ESPT and ESIPT) on the electronic excited state (S1) can simultaneously be presented. In this sense, the organic dye 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) was used as a proof-of-concept model, where MCR-ALS showed to be a powerful tool for discriminate chemical reactions that occur concomitantly on different potential energy surfaces, which include photochemical reactions. As a result, the chemometric method showed to be a straightforward approach for the determination of the acidic strengths of those equilibria were estimated as 8.61 and 1.11 to hydroxyl deprotonation on electronic ground and excited states, respectively.
Modeling and analysis of developed Thermal additive Centrifugal Abrasive Flow Machining process
Authors: Ali Parvesh , Walia R S , Murtaza Qasim , S Ranganath M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the present scenario due to manufacturing revolution there is a huge demand of mechanical components having high surface finish and a long life cycle. Demand of high surface finish, leads to development of new techniques for nano finishing of intricate shapes, such as Abrasive flow machining (AFM) and hybrid forms of it. During the abrasive flow finishing process, abrasive particles impart a huge impact force on the work piece surface to increase surface finish. This research paper discuss about a newly developed thermal additive centrifugal abrasive flow machining process (TACAFM) and also develops a mathematical model for the material removal of developed process at a given thermal energy pulse. Novelty of TACAFM process reduced the force applied by the abrasive particles and also decreased the loss of energy. In this hybrid process abrasive particles can easily remove the molten/ semi molten material from the work surface under thermal spark mechanism. The experimental results showed material removal in case of TACAFM process is almost double in comparison of conventional AFM process. The oxide layers and molten material on work surface was also observed from SEM images, which clearly indicated the domination of thermal effect over AFM. Also the parameters were optimized for the residual stress in case of TACAFM process and optimum residual stress was found as −152.21 MPa, which shows compressive stress developed on the surface due to the thermal effect. The experimental result showed current is the most significant parameter in TACAFM process and its contribution was found as 91.8%.
Controllable synthesis of Si-DD3R molecular sieves nanocrystalline by microwave assisting dry-gel conversion method
Authors: Han Runlin , Zhou Liang , Luo Yiwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
All-silica Deca-Dodecasil 3 Rhombohedral (Si-DD3R) type zeolite with a two-dimensional pore system is a very attractive size selective adsorbent which enables only small molecules to adsorb. It is a great potential candidate in the fields of separation and catalysis. In this work, nanocrystalline Si-DD3R molecular sieves with the particle size of about 30 nm were synthesized by microwave assisting dry-gel conversion (MADGC) method. The advantages of microwave radiation, HF and dry-gel conversion (DGC) were well combined and effectively decrease the size and in situ synthesis time. At 433 K, highly uniform nancrystalline Si-DD3R was obtained in 7 h without seeding. When the partial pressure was 1.0 bar, the CO2 adsorbed amount reached about 0.83 mmol g−1. The zeolites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Effect of Chromium on electrochemical and mechanical properties of beta-Al2O3 solid electrolyte
Authors: Wu Jun , Shi Jin , Hong Yongfei , Zhu Chengfei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the performance of the beta-Al2O3 solid electrolyte, the influence of Cr doping during the preparation of Na-beta-Al2O3 by solid state method was studied, the α-Al2O3 and Na2C2O4 was used as raw materials, and Li+ was added to stabilize β″ phase. The results showed that without Cr2O3 doping, the β″ phase content of the electrolyte was 92.28%, and the relative density was 99.07% of the theoretical density. The appropriate amount of Cr element could stabilize the β″ phase and refine the grain, when the doping amount of Cr2O3 was 0.15 wt%, the content of β″ phase could reach 97.93%, the relative density was 99.07%, the ionic conductivity was 0.082 S · cm−1 at 350 °C, and the bending strength was 253 Mpa. In addition, the excessive Cr element tends to gather in the grain boundary, resulting in the melting state and non-uniform size of the grains, and it will also hinder the formation of the β″ phase.
Phase stability and mechanical property of γ′- (Ni1-xCox)3Al1-yCry alloys
Authors: Wang Yushuai , Wu Xiaoxia , Narsu B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The phase stability and mechanical property of γ′-(Ni1-xCox)3Al1-yCry phase of Ni-Co based superalloys are studied by the first-principles method. The calculated mixing enthalpies at 0 K indicate that the alloys are thermodynamically unstable against phase separation into Ni3AlCr and Co3AlCr alloys. Additions of 6.25 at % of Cr into (NiCo)3Al alloy can decrease the positive mixing enthalpy by 34%, hence Cr has a significant stabilizing effect on γ′ phase. The configurational entropy can further stabilize the alloy at finite temperature. A strong tetragonal shear softening is observed for (Ni1-xCox)3Al1-yCry alloys with large Co concentration. Cr additions could increase C′ of the alloys, and thus offset the softening effect of Co by a certain extent. The electronic density of states analysis demonstrates that the flexibility of Al p band and synergistic alloying effect are the physics behind the stabilization the γ′ phase of Ni-Co based superalloy by Cr alloying.
The magic bullet as cancer therapeutic—has nanotechnology failed to find its mark?
Authors: Xiong Gordon Minru , Venkatraman Kailash , Venkatraman Subbu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ever since the term ‘Magic Bullet’ was coined by Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich to denote selective activity of a therapeutic medicine against a particular target tissue or organism, researchers have been attempting to develop the concept, with the major part of the work directed towards cancer targets. In this review, we define four major technologies that embody the Magic Bullet concept, and discuss the status of the therapeutic in each case. The reasons for relative success and failure of the four technologies are assessed based on the clinical outcomes. There have been failures of ancillary concepts (to enable selectivity) such as the enhanced permeation and retention effect, which will be discussed in context. The outlook is hopeful, with the advent of immunotherapies, that the idealized Magic Bullet will see the light of day in the near future.
Children’s History Matters
Authors: Mintz Steven 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In a complement to the 2020 AHR Roundtable “Chronological Age: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis” (125, no. 2), this AHR Exchange focuses on the history of children and childhood. Sarah Maza presents a critical review essay, highlighting the limiting factors in the expanding field of childhood studies. Children, she observes, produce few sources of their own voices, have limited agency, and as individuals and as a group soon outgrow their subaltern status—they grow up. Robin P. Chapdelaine, Nara Milanich, Steven Mintz, Ishita Pande, and Bengt Sandin—historians representing diverse geographical, theoretical, and methodological perspectives on the history of children and childhood—react to Maza’s observations by bringing up important methodological questions about subjecthood, agency, and modernity. Maza’s rejoinder reflects on these questions and on the possibility of age-based historical agency.