bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Melatonin and Enriched Environment Ameliorated Low Protein-Induced Intrauterine Growth Retardation by IGF-1 And mtor Signaling Pathway and Autophagy Inhibition in Rats
Authors: Wang Dan , Wu Xiao , Lu Dan , Li Yan , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2020

Aim:
The present study investigated whether melatonin (MEL) and enriched
environment (EE) might protect against intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in rats.

Methods:
Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 3 groups: control (C), model
(M) and EE+MEL group. Animals were housed in an enriched environment (EE+MEL
group) or remained in a standard environment (C group, M group). IUGR rat model was
built by feeding a low protein diet during pregnancy. MEL was administered by gavaging.
At day 1 post-birth, the baseline characteristics and serum biochemical parameters,
morphology of liver and small intestine, enzyme activities, and mRNA expression levels
of fetal rats were determined. The autophagy marker LC3 and Beclin1 were determined
by western blot analysis.

Results:
EE+MEL markedly improved the baseline characteristics, hepatic and intestinal
morphology of IUGR fetuses. In addition, the lactase activities in the fetal intestine were
markedly increased by the EE+MEL. The levels of serum somatostatin (SST), Growth
hormone (GH), GH releasing hormone (GHRH), Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1),
triiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4) were found to be recovered by
EE+MEL. In addition, the EE+MEL significantly ameliorated the mRNA expression of
SST, GHRH, and GHRH receptor (GHRHR), GH, GHR, IGF-1, and IGF-1 receptor
(IGF1R), IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), S6
kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) in
fetuses. In IUGR fetal livers, LC3 and Beclin1 were found to be increased at birth, while
LC3 and Beclin1 were observed to be significantly decreased in the EE+MEL group.

Conclusion:
EE+MEL could improve fetal rats' baseline characteristics, serum
biochemical parameters, birth weight, intestinal and hepatic morphology and enzyme
activities. These effects could be explained by the activation of the IGF-1/IGFBP1 and
IGF-1/mTOR/S6K1/4EBP1 signaling pathway and autophagy inhibition.
Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Pyridine, Thiadazole,
Benzimidazole and Acetyl Thiophene Analogues as Anti Tubercular
Agents Targeting Enzyme Inh A
Authors: Suresh Ayyadurai J , Nandini Sivashankar , Sangeetha Krishnanmurthy , Dhivya Loganathan S , Surya Parakkot R 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Tuberculosis, is a chronic infectious disease, affects one third of the global population. Emergence
of Multi-resistant (MDR) strains and high susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected persons to the
disease forced to develop novel anti-tuberculosis agents and preferably have a novel mechanism of action as to avoid crossresistant with other agents. Literature survey evidences that, Pyridine, Thiadiazole , Benzimidazole; and Acetyl thiophene
derivatives exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-mycobacterial activity.

Methods:
Thus, a series of Pyridine, Thiadiazole, Benzimidazole; and Acetyl thiophene based molecules were designed and
docked against crucial mtb enzyme target InhA (Enoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase) Enzyme. The docked molecules
were screened against good docking-score and multiple interactions and opted for synthesis. Synthesized molecules were re
crystallized to obtain the purity. All the purified compounds were characterized by various spectral analyses and evaluated
for anti- mycobacterial activity against tuberculosis H37RV strain by Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method.

Results:
The experimental results shown that schiff base of Pyridine (Compounds ‘d’ ) and Benzimidazole derivatives
(Compounds ‘i’ ) possesses good anti-tubercular activity with a MIC below 1.6 μg /mL. Further compound ‘e’ of
benzimdazole derivative showed good anti tubercular activity with an MIC below 6.25 μg /mL. Whereas 2 - acetyl thiopene
compounds exhibited moderate anti tubercular activity at below 50μg/mL.

Conclusion:
The comparative in vitro and molecular docking study analysis reveals that, compared to chalcones of Acetyl
thiophne derivatives, Pyridine, thiadazole and Benzimidazole based schiff bases exhibited best anti tubercular activity.
UPLC-MS/MS Determination of Chlorogenic Acid, Hyperoside and Astragalin in Plasma and its Pharmacokinetic Application in Liver Injury Rats
Authors: Zhang Ying , Xu Shu-ya , Jia Zhe , Han Ting , Liu Meng-nan , Jia Tian-ying , Qu Wen-jia , Xu Xinfang , Li Xiang-ri 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Cuscutae Semen (CS) is reported to show a hepatoprotective effect. Chlorogenic
acid, hyperoside and astragalin are three major biologically active components from CS.

Objective:
A sensitive method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass
spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to quantify the three components in rat
plasma and was successfully used to study pharmacokinetics in liver injury rats.

Methods:
Plasma samples were prepared with protein precipitation by acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation
was achieved on ACQUITY-XBridge BEH C18 column with gradient elution using the mobile phase
containing 0.05% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). The three components were quantified using
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) source in the negative multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode.

Results:
Calibration curves of each analyte showed good linearity with correlation coefficients over
0.99. Accuracies (RE%) and precisions (RSD%) were within 15%. The method was stable. Recovery
of the target compounds in plasma samples ranged from 87.00% to 102.29%. No matrix effect was found
to influence the quantitative method.

Conclusion:
The UPLC-MS/MS method met the acceptance criteria and was successfully applied to
the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and astragalin in rat plasma for the first
time. It is suitable for pharmacokinetic application in liver injury rats. It provides the foundation for
further development and utilization of the hepatoprotective effect of cuscutae semen.
An Unbiased Predictive Model to Detect DNA Methylation Propensity of CpG Islands in the Human Genome
Authors: Yalcin Dicle , Otu Hasan H. 
Published: July 2020

Background:Epigenetic repression mechanisms play an important role in gene regulation, specifically in cancer development. In many cases, a CpG island’s (CGI) susceptibility or resistance to methylation is shown to be contributed by local DNA sequence features.Objective:To develop unbiased machine learning models–individually and combined for different biological features–that predict the methylation propensity of a CGI.Methods:We developed our model consisting of CGI sequence features on a dataset of 75 sequences (28 prone, 47 resistant) representing a genome-wide methylation structure. We tested our model on two independent datasets that are chromosome (132 sequences) and disease (70 sequences) specific.Results:We provided improvements in prediction accuracy over previous models. Our results indicate that combined features better predict the methylation propensity of a CGI (area under the curve (AUC) ~0.81). Our global methylation classifier performs well on independent datasets reaching an AUC of ~0.82 for the complete model and an AUC of ~0.88 for the model using select sequences that better represent their classes in the training set. We report certain de novo motifs and transcription factor binding site (TFBS) motifs that are consistently better in separating prone and resistant CGIs.Conclusion:Predictive models for the methylation propensity of CGIs lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms and can be used to classify genes based on their tendency to contain methylation prone CGIs, which may lead to preventative treatment strategies. MATLAB® and Python™ scripts used for model building, prediction, and downstream analyses are available at https://github.com/dicleyalcin/methylProp_predictor.
Mobile Mental Health Apps in China: Systematic App Store Search
Authors: Yin Huifang , Wardenaar Klaas J , Wang Yuhao , Wang Nan , Chen Wenjin , Zhang Yan , Xu Guangming , Schoevers Robert A 
Published: July 2020

Background
Smartphones have become ubiquitous in China, offering a promising way to deliver mental health interventions; however, little is known about the current use and characteristics of smartphone apps for mental health.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to gain insight into mobile mental health apps available in China as of December 2018.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted to identify and evaluate the most downloaded apps from iOS and Android platforms. Apps were categorized according to their main purpose and downloaded to evaluate their content. Each app’s affiliation, cost, target users, information security, and evidence-based nature were evaluated.

Results
Of the 172 unique apps that were identified, there were 37 apps (21.5%) for psychological counseling, 50 apps (29.1%) for assessment, 12 apps (7.0%) to relieve stress, 24 apps (14.0%) for psychoeducation, and 49 (28.4%) multipurpose apps (ie, a combination of counseling and assessment). Most apps were developed for adults in the general population (166/172, 96.5%), rather than for psychiatric patients. App-based counseling was mostly provided by psychologists, and of the assessed apps, only 40% (70/172) used evidence-based scales to assess mental health problems such as anxiety or depressed mood. Guided meditation was used as the main technique in stress-relieving apps.

Conclusions
Many apps contained useful and evidence-based elements, such as good quality information, validated measurements, and useful meditation methods; however, for mobile apps to contribute significantly to mental health care in China, considerable challenges remain, including the need for more patient-focused apps that can actually take on the role of a health care provider. In addition, efficacy studies are needed.
Perceptions and Acceptability of Digital Interventions Among Tuberculosis Patients in Cambodia: Qualitative Study of Video-Based Directly Observed Therapy
Authors: Rabinovich Lila , Molton James Steven , Ooi Wei Tsang , Paton Nicholas Iain , Batra Shelly , Yoong Joanne 
Published: July 2020

Background
Despite the development of effective drugs for treatment, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from an infectious disease worldwide. One of the greatest challenges to tuberculosis control is patient adherence to treatment. Recent research has shown that video-based directly observed therapy is a feasible and effective approach to supporting treatment adherence in high-income settings. However, few studies have explored the potential for such a solution in a low- or middle-income country setting. Globally, these countries’ rapidly rising rate of mobile penetration suggests that the potential for translation of these results may be high.

Objective
We sought to examine patient perceptions related to the use of mobile health, and specifically video-based directly observed therapy, in a previously unstudied patient demographic: patients with tuberculosis in a low-income country setting (Cambodia).

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study in urban and periurban areas in Cambodia, consisting of 6 focus groups with tuberculosis patients who were receiving treatment (standard directly observed therapy) through a nongovernmental organization.

Results
Familiarity with mobile technology and apps was widespread in this population, and overall willingness to consider a mobile app for video-based directly observed therapy was high. However, we identified potential challenges. First, patients very much valued their frequent in-person interactions with their health care provider, which may be reduced with the video-based directly observed therapy intervention. Second, there may be technical issues to address, including how to make the app suitable for illiterate participants.

Conclusions
While video-based directly observed therapy is a promising technology, even in country settings where mobile penetration is reportedly almost universal, it should be introduced with caution. However, the results were generally promising and yielded important insights that not only will be translated into the further adaptation of key features of video-based directly observed therapy for tuberculosis patients in Cambodia, but also can inform the future design and successful implementation of video-based directly observed therapy interventions in low- and middle-income settings more generally.
Influence of Scanner Precision and Analysis Software in Quantifying Three-Dimensional Intraoral Changes: Two-Factor Factorial Experimental Design
Authors: O'Toole Saoirse , Bartlett David , Keeling Andrew , McBride John , Bernabe Eduardo , Crins Luuk , Loomans Bas 
Published: July 2020

Background
Three-dimensional scans are increasingly used to quantify biological topographical changes and clinical health outcomes. Traditionally, the use of 3D scans has been limited to specialized centers owing to the high cost of the scanning equipment and the necessity for complex analysis software. Technological advances have made cheaper, more accessible methods of data capture and analysis available in the field of dentistry, potentially facilitating a primary care system to quantify disease progression. However, this system has yet to be compared with previous high-precision methods in university hospital settings.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare a dental primary care method of data capture (intraoral scanner) with a precision hospital-based method (laser profilometer) in addition to comparing open source and commercial software available for data analysis.

Methods
Longitudinal dental wear data from 30 patients were analyzed using a two-factor factorial experimental design. Bimaxillary intraoral digital scans (TrueDefinition, 3M, UK) and conventional silicone impressions, poured in type-4 dental stone, were made at both baseline and follow-up appointments (mean 36 months, SD 10.9). Stone models were scanned using precision laser profilometry (Taicaan, Southampton, UK). Three-dimensional changes in both forms of digital scans of the first molars (n=76) were quantitatively analyzed using the engineering software Geomagic Control (3D Systems, Germany) and freeware WearCompare (Leeds Digital Dentistry, UK). Volume change (mm3) was the primary measurement outcome. The maximum point loss (μm) and the average profile loss (μm) were also recorded. Data were paired and skewed, and were therefore compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction.

Results
The median (IQR) volume change for Geomagic using profilometry and using the intraoral scan was –0.37 mm3 (–3.75-2.30) and +0.51 mm3 (–2.17-4.26), respectively (P<.001). Using WearCompare, the median (IQR) volume change for profilometry and intraoral scanning was –1.21 mm3 (–3.48-0.56) and –0.39 mm3 (–3.96-2.76), respectively (P=.04). WearCompare detected significantly greater volume loss than Geomagic regardless of scanner type. No differences were observed between groups with respect to the maximum point loss or average profile loss.

Conclusions
As expected, the method of data capture, software used, and measurement metric all significantly influenced the measurement outcome. However, when appropriate analysis was used, the primary care system was able to quantify the degree of change and can be recommended depending on the accuracy needed to diagnose a condition. Lower-resolution scanners may underestimate complex changes when measuring at the micron level.
Effects of Computerized Decision Support Systems on Practitioner Performance and Patient Outcomes: Systematic Review
Authors: Kruse Clemens Scott , Ehrbar Nolan 
Published: July 2020

Background
Computerized decision support systems (CDSSs) are software programs that support the decision making of practitioners and other staff. Other reviews have analyzed the relationship between CDSSs, practitioner performance, and patient outcomes. These reviews reported positive practitioner performance in over half the articles analyzed, but very little information was found for patient outcomes.

Objective
The purpose of this review was to analyze the relationship between CDSSs, practitioner performance, and patient medical outcomes. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were queried.

Methods
Articles were chosen based on year published (last 10 years), high quality, peer-reviewed sources, and discussion of the relationship between the use of CDSS as an intervention and links to practitioner performance or patient outcomes. Reviewers used an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation) to collect information on the relationship between CDSSs and practitioner performance or patient outcomes. Reviewers also collected observations of participants, intervention, comparison with control group, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) along with those showing implicit bias. Articles were analyzed by multiple reviewers following the Kruse protocol for systematic reviews. Data were organized into multiple tables for analysis and reporting.

Results
Themes were identified for both practitioner performance (n=38) and medical outcomes (n=36). A total of 66% (25/38) of articles had occurrences of positive practitioner performance, 13% (5/38) found no difference in practitioner performance, and 21% (8/38) did not report or discuss practitioner performance. Zero articles reported negative practitioner performance. A total of 61% (22/36) of articles had occurrences of positive patient medical outcomes, 8% (3/36) found no statistically significant difference in medical outcomes between intervention and control groups, and 31% (11/36) did not report or discuss medical outcomes. Zero articles found negative patient medical outcomes attributed to using CDSSs.

Conclusions
Results of this review are commensurate with previous reviews with similar objectives, but unlike these reviews we found a high level of reporting of positive effects on patient medical outcomes.
Usability of Individualized Head-Related Transfer Functions in Virtual Reality: Empirical Study With Perceptual Attributes in Sagittal Plane Sound Localization
Authors: Jenny Claudia , Reuter Christoph 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIn order to present virtual sound sources via headphones spatially, head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) can be applied to audio signals. In this so-called binaural virtual acoustics, the spatial perception may be degraded if the HRTFs deviate from the true HRTFs of the listener.ObjectiveIn this study, participants wearing virtual reality (VR) headsets performed a listening test on the 3D audio perception of virtual audiovisual scenes, thus enabling us to investigate the necessity and influence of the individualization of HRTFs. Two hypotheses were investigated: first, general HRTFs lead to limitations of 3D audio perception in VR and second, the localization model for stationary localization errors is transferable to nonindividualized HRTFs in more complex environments such as VR.MethodsFor the evaluation, 39 subjects rated individualized and nonindividualized HRTFs in an audiovisual virtual scene on the basis of 5 perceptual qualities: localizability, front-back position, externalization, tone color, and realism. The VR listening experiment consisted of 2 tests: in the first test, subjects evaluated their own and the general HRTF from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research database and in the second test, their own and 2 other nonindividualized HRTFs from the Acoustics Research Institute HRTF database. For the experiment, 2 subject-specific, nonindividualized HRTFs with a minimal and maximal localization error deviation were selected according to the localization model in sagittal planes.ResultsWith the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the first test, analysis of variance for the second test, and a sample size of 78, the results were significant in all perceptual qualities, except for the front-back position between own and minimal deviant nonindividualized HRTF (P=.06).ConclusionsBoth hypotheses have been accepted. Sounds filtered by individualized HRTFs are considered easier to localize, easier to externalize, more natural in timbre, and thus more realistic compared to sounds filtered by nonindividualized HRTFs.
Exploring the Use of Mobile Health to Improve Community-Based Health and Nutrition Service Utilization in the Hills of Nepal: Qualitative Study
Authors: Acharya Ajay , Cunningham Kenda , Manandhar Shraddha , Shrestha Niva , Chen Mario , Weissman Amy 
Published: July 2020

Background
With mobile phone coverage and ownership expanding globally, mobile health (mHealth) interventions are increasingly being used to improve coverage and quality of health and nutrition services. However, evidence on mHealth intervention feasibility and factors to consider during program design is limited in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the potential of using text messages to improve health and nutrition services by exploring mobile phone ownership and sharing; mobile phone use and skills; and interest, preferences, and limitations regarding mHealth interventions.

Methods
We conducted 35 in-depth interviews with 1000-day women (the period from conception to a child’s second birthday), health facility staff, and female community health volunteers (FCHVs), as well as eight focus group discussions with health facility staff, FCHVs, and 1000-day household decision-makers (ie, husbands, mothers-in-law, and fathers-in-law). We also conducted a mobile phone skills test. We employed thematic analysis using framework matrices and analytical memos.

Results
The study included 70 study participants, of whom 68 (97%) had a mobile phone, and phone sharing was uncommon. Use of text messages was most commonly reported by 1000-day women and health facility staff than household decision-makers and FCHVs. More than 8 in 10 participants (54/64, 84%) could dial numbers, and the majority (28/34, 82%) of 1000-day women, health facility staff, and male decision-makers could also read and write text messages. We found that 1000-day women preferred educational and reminder messages, whereas health facility staff and FCHVs desired educational and motivational messages. Participants suggested different types of texts for 1000-day women, families, FCHVs, and health facility staff, and reported less value for texts received from unknown phone numbers.

Conclusions
A text message–based mHealth intervention is acceptable in the hills of Nepal and has the potential to improve community health and nutrition service utilization, particularly by sending meeting reminders and by providing information. Our findings contribute to text message–based mHealth intervention design in under-resourced settings.