bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulphur‐doped carbon dots as a highly efficient nano‐photodynamic agent against oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Qirong , Zhou Ronghui , Xie Yu , Li Yanjing , Chen Yu , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel non‐invasive therapeutic method, which has been widely applied for the treatment of human oral cancers. However, the problems of undesirable singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yields and long‐term phototoxicity were inevitable during the application of traditional photosensitizers. Therefore, it is necessary to explore novel photosensitizers for the improvement of therapeutic effects. In our study, the sulphur‐doped carbon dots (S‐CDs) of high yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) were synthesized as a nano‐photosensitizer for OSCC to improve the PDT efficacy in clinical practice.Materials and methodsAfter synthesis of the novel S‐CDs, the size, morphologic characteristics, surface potential and yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) were determined. In vitro study was performed to compare the therapeutic effect as well as the biocompatibility of the novel S‐CDs to those of 5‐ALA. Besides, possible mechanism of action was illustrated.ResultsAfter synthesis of the novel S‐CDs, the size, morphologic characteristics, surface potential and yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) were determined. In vitro study was performed to compare the therapeutic effect as well as the biocompatibility of the novel S‐CDs to those of 5‐ALA. Besides, possible mechanism of action was illustrated.ConclusionsThese data from the in vitro study demonstrated the promising safety profile of the low dose (nmol/L) S‐CDs, which indicated the novel S‐CDs could be used as a promising photodynamic agent for oral cancer therapy.
Bowen disease with matrical differentiation: Report of an exceptional histopathologic presentation
Authors: Saggini Andrea , Bang Nicole , Hantschke Markus , Held Laura , Kempter Wolfgang , Schärer Leo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMatrical differentiation is the distinctive feature of pilomatricoma and other purely matrical adnexal neoplasms; additionally, foci of matrical differentiation have been also described in hybrid cysts of Gardner syndrome, as well as in a wide variety of benign and malignant cutaneous tumors, including basal cell carcinoma. We report an exceptional case of Bowen disease exhibiting multiple foci of matrical differentiation, as confirmed by means of immunohistochemical studies. Several types of divergent, non‐squamous differentiation have been exceptionally reported in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in situ (cSCCIS), including sebaceous, mucinous/glandular, poroid, tricholemmal, and neuroendocrine differentiation; matrical differentiation may be added to this list. Our findings further emphasize the undifferentiated nature of neoplastic cells in cSCCIS.
The use of volatile cues in recognition of kin eggs by predatory mites
Authors: Saitoh Fumiaki , Janssen Arne , Choh Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2020

Several animal species are known to distinguish between their own eggs and eggs of unrelated conspecifics. However, the cues involved in this discrimination are often unknown. These cues were studied using the predatory mite Gynaeseius liturivorus Ehara.
Adult females of these predatory mites oviposit in clusters and avoid oviposition close to eggs laid by other females, resulting in reduced cannibalism between offspring. Because predatory mites are blind, it was tested whether volatiles of eggs were used as a cue for egg recognition.
Adult female predatory mites were offered volatile cues of their own eggs and of unrelated conspecific eggs, and females were prevented from contacting the eggs. Predatory mites oviposited closer to their own eggs than to unrelated eggs. This preference was observed even when one own and one unrelated egg were offered as a volatile source.
These results suggest that adult female predatory mites can determine kinship using volatiles released from the eggs.
First report of Calonectria montana causing damping‐off disease on pine and spruce seedlings in Europe
Authors: Stępniewska Hanna , Jankowiak Robert , Boroń Piotr , Woźniak Kamil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 2015–2016, damping‐off symptoms were observed on Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings in four forest nurseries in Poland. Some Calonectria isolates were obtained from symptomatic seedlings by culturing pieces of necrotic tissue on malt extract agar.Morphological and molecular analyses revealed that isolates represent Calonectria montana, a recently described species from natural forests in China. The isolates represent the first detection of this species outside of Asia. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that C. montana is a severe pathogen of P. sylvestris seedlings.
The credit assignment problem in cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamic networks: A review, a problem and a possible solution
Authors: Rubin Jonathan E. , Vich Catalina , Clapp Matthew , Noneman Kendra , Verstynen Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe question of how cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamic (CBGT) pathways use dopaminergic feedback signals to modify future decisions has challenged computational neuroscientists for decades. Reviewing the literature on computational representations of dopaminergic corticostriatal plasticity, we show how the field is converging on a normative, synaptic‐level learning algorithm that elegantly captures both neurophysiological properties of CBGT circuits and behavioral dynamics during reinforcement learning. Unfortunately, the computational studies that have led to this normative algorithmic model have all relied on simplified circuits that use abstracted action‐selection rules. As a result, the application of this corticostriatal plasticity algorithm to a full model of the CBGT pathways immediately fails because the spatiotemporal distance between integration (corticostriatal circuits), action selection (thalamocortical loops) and learning (nigrostriatal circuits) means that the network does not know which synapses should be reinforced to favor previously rewarding actions. We show how observations from neurophysiology, in particular the sustained activation of selected action representations, can provide a simple means of resolving this credit assignment problem in models of CBGT learning. Using a biologically realistic spiking model of the full CBGT circuit, we demonstrate how this solution can allow a network to learn to select optimal targets and to relearn action‐outcome contingencies when the environment changes. This simple illustration highlights how the normative framework for corticostriatal plasticity can be expanded to capture macroscopic network dynamics during learning and decision‐making.
Degradation of Al2O3f/SiO2 composites exposed to Na2SO4 environment and MMH/N2O4 bipropellants test
Authors: Yang Xiang , Jin Wen , Yi Wang , Cheng‐xin Zhu , Yu‐lin Zhu , Rong‐jun Liu , Feng Cao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAl2O3f/SiO2 composites were fabricated efficiently using sol‐gel process. The degradation behavior exposed to Na2SO4 environment at 1100℃ and MMH/N2O4 bipropellants test were investigated and compared. The results showed that the strength of Al2O3f/SiO2 composites gradually decreased as the ratio of Na2SO4:water increased; the strength of the composites was only 23.56 MPa at 20% (Na2SO4:water), which suggested that the composites maintained lower strength. Cracks began to appear in SiO2 matrix, and the structure of Al2O3f/SiO2 composites could be corroded which would corrode the SiO2 matrix, leaving naked fibers. Developing a protective layer with higher stability for Al2O3f/SiO2 composites would be considered for long time use. The composites showed higher ablation resistance to MMH/N2O4 bipropellant test; the flexural strength was (77.15 ± 4.56) MPa and the retention ratio was 98.7%. The degradation of Al2O3f/SiO2 composites was promoted owing to the thermal‐mechanical and chemical factors. SiO2 matrix became weak and fragile at elevated temperature; some SiO2 matrix became loosened and porous after being washed away through the shearing of MMH/N2O4 bipropellants, which prevented cracks from penetrating Al2O3 fibers. With ongoing test, the fibers were worsened by thermal‐mechanical corrosion.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and preparedness to manage women with intimate partner violence
Authors: Alhalal E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices related to intimate partner violence among women in Saudi Arabian healthcare settings.BackgroundThere is a global focus on abuse experiences in clinical settings. However, nurses’ practice in managing intimate partner violence patients in Saudi healthcare settings has not yet been examined.IntroductionIntimate partner violence is a health issue that can lead to mortality and morbidity. It has recently received attention in an Arabian context. Thus, scrutinizing nurses’ role in responding to intimate partner violence patients is needed to fill a current gap.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 114 nurses from two hospitals in Saudi Arabia using a questionnaire.ResultsMinimal previous intimate partner violence training was reported, as 63% of nurses had not received training related to intimate partner violence, and 52% believed that they did not receive adequate training to respond to intimate partner violence survivors. The results show that nurses had both low perceived knowledge and low preparedness in managing intimate partner violence, and only had basic intimate partner violence knowledge. Results indicated that nurses did not have appropriate attitudes towards intimate partner violence. The majority were not aware about intimate partner violence protocols or policies in their institutions. Only 2.6% had diagnosed intimate partner violence in the last six months.ConclusionThere were gaps in nurses’ perceived preparedness, knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. There was also limited training and preparation for nurses to assess and address intimate partner violence.Implications for nursing and health policyThe study suggests the need for clear institutional health policies related to detecting, responding to, and preventing intimate partner violence. Guidelines about integrating intimate partner violence in nursing curricula and implementing in‐service training should be developed and implemented. A multi‐level intervention that enables nurses to respond to intimate partner violence is also needed.
Multinational corporations as institutional entrepreneurs: the dynamic interplay between automobile firms and the Turkish vocational education and training system
Authors: Tasli‐Karabulut Vildan , Keizer Arjan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the two‐way relationship between multinational companies (MNCs) and Turkey's vocational education and training system through case studies of Japanese and German MNCs in the automotive industry. Drawing on semistructured interviews, it addresses the initiatives the MNCs have taken to guarantee skilled employees and their interaction with the Turkish vocational education and training system. The analysis shows how the MNCs have been ‘institutional entrepreneurs’ by introducing new practices. This was possible as the host environment has been open to change but also a requirement where strong industrial relations systems constituted an essential but missing home country institution.
Predictors of resilience among adolescent disaster survivors: A path analysis
Authors: Laksmita Okki D. , Chung Min‐Huey , Liao Yuan‐Mei , Haase Joan E. , Chang Pi‐Chen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate a theoretical model of risk and protective factors to predict resilience among adolescent disaster survivors.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsParent's consent and student's informed consent forms were distributed at seven schools in a postdisaster setting (Yogyakarta, Indonesia) between July–October 2017; those who agreed to participate had to complete the self‐reported questionnaires. Demographic data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses and relationships among study variables were determined using a path analysis.ResultsResults of the model test analysis indicated that six of the seven the hypothesized paths were supported by data from our samples and demonstrated significance on the path coefficients (p < .01). One path coefficient on the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and resilience was found to be insignificant (β = −0.002, p > .05). However, overall, our hypothesized model was retained, indicating empirical support and adequate model's fit indices for the theoretical model.ConclusionsOverall, the findings demonstrated the predictive roles of risk and protective factors in adolescent disaster survivors’ resilience.ImpactResilience is known to be an important concept in recovering from long‐term impacts following a disaster in adolescent populations, but its risk and protective factors have not been adequately explored. We found that PTSD symptoms influenced how adolescent disaster survivors developed defensive coping, social support had an indirect effect on resilience through courageous coping and defensive coping acted as a mediator between PTSD symptoms and courageous coping. These findings can help mental health professionals (i.e., community mental health nurses) promote intervention strategies to enhance resilience through improving coping skills in adolescent populations exposed to a disaster.
Epidermal growth factor regulation by autophagy‐mediated lncRNA H19 in murine intestinal tract after severe burn
Authors: Li Cuijie , Zhuang Mengmeng , Zhu Bo , Li Ye , Zhang Wenwen , Yan Hao , Zhang Pan , Li Dan , Yang Juan , Sun Yuan , Chen Haijun , Cui Qingwei , Jin Peisheng , Sun Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo investigate the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) by autophagy‐mediated long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in the intestinal tracts of severely burned mice. C57BL/6J mice received third‐degree burns to 30% of the total body surface area. Rapamycin and 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) were used to activate and inhibit autophagy, and the changes in LC3 and Beclin1 levels were assessed by Western blotting. The effect of autophagy on lncRNA H19 was detected by qRT‐PCR. Adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of lncRNA H19 in IEC‐6 cells was used to assess the effects of lncRNA H19 on EGF and let‐7g via bioinformatics analysis, Western blotting and qRT‐PCR. let‐7g mimic/inhibitor was used to overexpress/inhibit let‐7g, and qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effects of let‐7g on EGF. The expression levels of LC3‐II, Beclin1 and lncRNA H19 were increased in intestinal tissues and IEC‐6 cells after rapamycin treatment but were reversed after 3‐MA treatment. LC3‐II, Beclin1 and lncRNA H19 levels increased in intestinal tissues after the burn, and these increases were more significant after rapamycin treatment but decreased after 3‐MA treatment. The lncRNA H19 overexpression in IEC‐6 cells resulted in increased and decreased expression levels of EGF and let‐7g, respectively. Furthermore, overexpression and inhibition of let‐7g resulted in decreased and increased expression of EGF, respectively. Taken together, intestinal autophagy is activated after a serious burn, which can increase the transcription level of lncRNA H19. lncRNA H19 may regulate the repair of EGF via let‐7g following intestinal mucosa injury after a burn.
Chronic pain, cardiovascular health and related medication use in ageing African Americans with osteoarthritis
Authors: Booker Staja Q. , Content Virginia G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo describe the (a) prevalence and perceptions of cardiovascular disease and related health conditions in African Americans with osteoarthritis pain, (b) their knowledge of cardiovascular safety of commonly prescribed analgesics for osteoarthritis and (c) frequency of high‐risk analgesic use.BackgroundAfrican Americans have more disabling osteoarthritis pain and an excessive burden of cardiovascular disease than any other US racial group. However, minimal research has investigated the relationship between chronic pain and cardiovascular disease and subsequent medication knowledge and use in African Americans. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative and Srengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology checklists were followed.DesignA descriptive, secondary mixed‐methods analysis.MethodsA convenience sample of 110 African American adults (50–94 years and older) completed surveys and individual qualitative interviews. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square or Fisher's exact test, t test, Mann–Whitney U and a qualitative content analysis.ResultsHypertension was the most common cardiovascular condition reported, and African Americans with hypertension reported greater pain than those without. The survey questions revealed that most participants did not possess accurate knowledge about the appropriateness of analgesics in heart failure and other cardiovascular‐related diseases; however, during the interviews, some did acknowledge a general understanding of the negative effects of some medications. Still, many older adults were taking nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs despite having hypertension.ConclusionsThere was evidence of multimorbidity in our sample; based on our data, chronic osteoarthritis pain and hypertension are two highly comorbid conditions, suggesting a possible syndemic. More disparate is the lack of knowledge that African Americans possess as it relates to safe use of analgesic medications when cardiovascular disease is present.Relevance to clinical practiceChronic pain and cardiovascular‐related diseases are common and often co‐occur and should be evaluated in all older adults, particularly African Americans. Both issues are important to manage, including the safe and appropriate use of medications, to prevent adverse effects.
Drug repositioning: a brief overview
Authors: Jourdan Jean-Pierre , Bureau Ronan , Rochais Christophe , Dallemagne Patrick 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Drug repositioning, that is, the use of a drug in an indication other than the one for which it was initially marketed, is a growing trend. Its origins lie mainly in the attrition experienced in recent years in the field of new drug discovery.

Key findings
Despite some regulatory and economic challenges, drug repositioning offers many advantages, and a number of recent successes have confirmed both its public health benefits and its commercial value. The first examples of successful drug repositioning mainly came about through serendipity like acetylsalicylic acid, thalidomide, sildenafil or dimethylfumarate.

Conclusion
The history of great-repositioned drugs has given some solutions to various pathologies. Serendipity is not yet useful to find repositioning drugs. Drug repositioning is of growing interest. Nowadays, a more rational approach to the identification of drug candidates for repositioning is possible, especially using data mining.
Renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir with hepatitis B immunoglobulin in liver transplant patients
Authors: Lee Juhan , Park Jun Yong , Yang Seok Jeong , Lee Jee Youn , Kim Deok Gie , Joo Dong Jin , Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Soon Il , Lee Jae Geun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPotent nucleos(t)ide analogues and hepatitis B immunoglobulin combinations are recommended after liver transplantation to prevent the recurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Despite its proven efficacy, the renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has not been well established in liver transplant recipients. We aimed to assess the impacts of TDF and entecavir (ETV) on tubular and glomerular functions. We analysed 206 liver transplant patients treated with TDF (n = 102) or ETV (n = 104) plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Serum creatinine, phosphate and uric acid levels were measured. Proximal tubular dysfunction was defined as the presence of hypophosphatemia (<2 mg/dL) and hypouricemia (<2 mg/dL). Glomerular dysfunction was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 accompanied by a ≥25% eGFR decline from baseline. During a median follow‐up of 42.5 months, 48 patients developed proximal tubular dysfunction (30.4% and 16.3% in the TDF and ETV groups; P = .017). Serum levels of phosphate and uric acid were significantly lower in the TDF group post‐LT. TDF (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.16‐4.69; P = .017) and low body mass index (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.06‐4.21; P = .034) were independent risk factors for proximal tubular dysfunction. The prevalence of glomerular dysfunction was not significantly different between the two groups (TDF 51.0% and ETV 54.8%; P = .582). TDF significantly increased the risk of proximal tubular dysfunction. Although the effect of TDF on glomerular function was comparable to that of ETV, glomerular dysfunction was common after liver transplant.
Alarming India‐wide phenomenon of antifungal resistance in dermatophytes: A multicentre study
Authors: Ebert Andreas , Monod Michel , Salamin Karine , Burmester Anke , Uhrlaß Silke , Wiegand Cornelia , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Krüger Constanze , Koch Daniela , Wittig Franziska , Verma Shyam B. , Singal Archana , Gupta Sanjeev , Vasani Resham , Saraswat Abir , Madhu Rengarajan , Panda Saumya , Das Anupam , Kura Mahendra M. , Kumar Akshy , Poojary Shital , Schirm Sibylle , Gräser Yvonne , Paasch Uwe , Nenoff Pietro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn alarming increase in recalcitrant dermatophytosis has been witnessed in India over the past decade. Drug resistance may play a major role in this scenario.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of in vitro resistance to terbinafine, itraconazole and voriconazole in dermatophytes, and to identify underlying mutations in the fungal squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene.Patients/MethodsWe analysed skin samples from 402 patients originating from eight locations in India. Fungi were identified by microbiological and molecular methods, tested for antifungal susceptibility (terbinafine, itraconazole, voriconazole), and investigated for missense mutations inSQLE.ResultsTrichophyton (T.) mentagrophytesinternal transcribed spacer (ITS) Type VIII was found in 314 (78%) samples. Eighteen (5%) samples harboured species identified up to theT interdigitale/mentagrophytescomplex, andT rubrumwas detected in 19 (5%) samples. 71% of isolates were resistant to terbinafine. The amino acid substitution Phe397Leu in the squalene epoxidase of resistantT mentagrophyteswas highly prevalent (91%). Two novel substitutions in resistantTrichophytonstrains, Ser395Pro and Ser443Pro, were discovered. The substitution Ala448Thr was found in terbinafine‐sensitive and terbinafine‐resistant isolates but was associated with increased MICs of itraconazole and voriconazole.ConclusionsThe high frequencies of terbinafine resistance in dermatophytes are worrisome and demand monitoring and further research. Squalene epoxidase substitutions between Leu393 and Ser443 could serve as markers of resistance in the future.