bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Technical Skills in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Management: A Scoping Review
Authors: Cormack Stefanie , Scott Steve , Stedmon Alex 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Current United Kingdom resuscitation guidance advocates the use of non-technical skills (NTS) such as teamwork, decision-making and communication for ad-hoc teams managing an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). It is unknown which NTS are advantageous or commonly used, or if there is supporting literature. This scoping review sought to establish a literature base and identify key NTS relevant to ad-hoc teams managing an OHCA. Methods Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework was used to perform a scoping review to identify relevant literature from the medical domain. Thematic analyses were used to identify relevant NTS in relation to OHCA management. Results A total of 12 articles were identified and selected for detailed analysis. The articles represented a range of study designs, with most commenting on observed simulated practice from in-hospital practice. There was a paucity of literature for NTS associated with ad-hoc OHCA teams. Three common NTS were identified: leadership, teamwork and communication, with improved team performance associated with a hands-off team leader. Barriers were also identified and included low confidence in communicating and hierarchical difficulties in resuscitation teams. Conclusion We believe this scoping review provides the first comprehensive review of its kind and identifies important knowledge gaps, NTS themes and recommendations for paramedic-led OHCA teams. Three NTS from in-hospital cardiac arrest management can be related to OHCA management, but further research is needed to identify specific NTS for ad-hoc teams managing an OHCA.
Comparison Of The Effects Of Glucose And Coffee Toward Blood Glucose Levels And Muscular Endurance After Eccentric Activity
Authors: Habibi Ahmad Ilham , Artanty Ary , Rusdiawan Afif 
Published: May 2020

The study aims to know the effects of glucose and coffe on blood glucose levels and muscular endurance after eccentric activity. The reseach subjects of badminton athletes PB MBC Malang fell 27 male athletes. Design (Randomized group pretest and posttest disign) is the research design chosen for this study. Glucose given before students do eccentric sports with a dose of 10 grams/70 kg BW, coffee given at a dose of 10grams/70kg BW. Eccentrie activity done by pulling up 2 sets, 7 repettions and 30 seconds interval. Blood glucose measured using a glucometer 3 times, while a pust up test chosen to measure the strength and endurance of the arm muccels carried out for 1 minute. LSD test results some significant comparisons on blood glucose variables between the control group with glucose p= 0,013, the control group with coffee p= 0,579. The endurance variable showed significant comparison in the blood glucose variable in the control group and the glucose group with a value of p= 0,005 and the control group with coffee giving of p= 0,026 while in the glucose and coffee group no significant effect with a value of 0,485.
Analisis Tingkat Kerentanan Sosial Akibat Perkembangan Permukiman di Kawasan Perkotaan Yogyakarta
Authors: Fitria Lulu Mari 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini diangkat berdasarkan latar belakang perkembangan kawasan permukiman di KPY yang berhubungan dengan adanya perkembangan jumlah penduduk. KPY merupakan kawasan yang dikelilingi oleh berbagai bencana yakni gunung berapi, gempa, banjir, kekeringan dan lainnya. Dengan adanya perkembangan permukiman ini pula mengakibatkan tingkat kerentanan kawasan di KPY. Berdasarkan Perka BNPB No.2 tahun 2012 diketahui bahwa tingkat kerentanan sosial diidentifikasi berdasarkan variabel kepadatan penduduk, jumlah penduduk rentan, keretanan penduduk berdasarkan jenis kelamin, penduduk miskin. Akibat perkembangan permukiman tersebut diperlukan analisis terhadap kerentanan sosial di KPY melalui analisis GIS. Kerentanan sosial tingkat tinggi terdapat pada 31 desa, kerentanan sosial tingkat sedang terdapat pada 36 desa, dan kerentanan sosial tingkat rendah terdapat pada 5 desa. Adapun kecamatan yang memiliki tingkat kerentanan sosial tinggi adalah Kecamatan Banguntapan, Danurejan, Gamping, Gedongtengen, Gondomanan, Kotagede, Kraton, Mantrijeron, Mergangsan, Ngampilan, Pakualaman, Tegalrejo, Umbulharjo, Wirobrajan.
Whitefly- A Strong Transmitter of Plant Viruses
Authors: Tiwari Suresh P. , Nema Sushma , Khare Mahendra N. 
Published: May 2020

Bemisia tabaci transmit 111 viruses. The silver leaf/sweet potato whitefly prefers 25°C to 30°C for development and rapid generation time while the greenhouse whitefly prefers temperatures of 20°C to 25°C. Eggs hatch in eight to 10 days. Resistance in B- and Q-biotype of B. tabaci appears to be linked to enhanced oxidative detoxification of neonicotinoids. Transmission efficiency from infected weeds to tomato varied from 66.7 to 100 percent, whereas, from tomato to these weeds varied from 58.3 to 83.3 percent. Increased mortality of biotype Q females and immature instars with lower rate of fecundity and progeny size compared to biotype B was recorded in such population when reared in single or mixed cultures. Two genetic types of B. tabaci were distinguished using RAPD-PCR and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequence comparisons. One type was assigned to biotype B and the other was genetically dissimilar to the populations described elsewhere and was named Ms. This new genetic type forms a distinct group that is sister to two other groups, one to which the B biotype is a member and Q bioype have similar values of intra population diversity, which were higher than the values shown by populations of biotype B. Epidemics of begomoviruses have been observed in many crops including tomato for which Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) have been identified as two major disease-causing agents. The replication of geminiviruses induces micro-structural changes in the nucleus of the host cells. The begomovirus vector B. tabaci is an insect species complex that has geographically distinct phenotypic and genotypic variants. Criniviruses are limited to phloem and are transmitted in nature in a semipersistent manner by whiteflies. The genus Ipomovirus includes viruses that are transmitted by the whitefly B. tabaci in a semipersistent manner. Virus particles occur in the cytoplasm singly or more often in large aggregates which are sometimes banded. The stem necrosis of soybean is caused by a virus of the Carlavirus and transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, also infected beans and identified as Cowpea mild mottle virus. The early symptoms of Tomato torrado virus are necrotic or dead spots, surrounded by a light green or yellow area at the base of the leaflets. The affected areas may fall out, leaving holes (shot holes) in the leaflets. Necrosis and mottling extend to the remainder of the leaves. The article will bring role of whitefly in development of virus diseases in agricultural crops and management strategies could only be achieved when importance of this pest will be eradicated with non-chemical approach.
Effect of Stem Rust Infection on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Some Wheat Cultivars in Egypt
Authors: Asmmawy Mamdouh A. , El-Orabey Walid M. , Nazim Mohamed , Shahin Atef A. 
Published: May 2020

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is an important disease of wheat worldwide. To estimate grain yield losses due to stem rust, replicated experiments including twelve wheat cultivars i.e. Gemmeiza 7, Gemmeiza 9, Gemmeiza 10, Gemmeiza 11, Sakha 61, Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Sids 12, Sids 13, Giza 168, Misr 1 and Misr 2 were evaluated for adult plant resistance at Sakha Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2011/12 and 2012/13 growing seasons. The field experiment was surrounded by spreader area of highly susceptible varieties i.e. Morroco and Max inoculated with a mixture of stem rust races as a source of inoculum. Disease severity was recorded each 10 days and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was estimated and ranged from 100 to 475 in 2011/12 and 100 to 750 in 2012/13. It was found that, yield losses ranged between 2.47 % in the wheat cultivar Misr 2 to 6.29 % in the wheat cultivar Sids 12 during 2011/12, while during 2012/13 ranged from 1.96 % in the wheat cultivar Gemmeiza 7 to 8.21 % in the wheat cultivar Misr 1. High correlation was found between yield losses with disease severity and AUDPC.
Toxigenicity of Fusarium Species in Gibberella fujikuroi Species Complex (GFSC) Associated With Stalk and Ear Rot Disease of Corn
Authors: Darnetty Titi , Salleh Baharuddin 
Published: May 2020

Fusarium stalk and ear rot disease did not only cause significant losses of yield but also produced mycotoxins that are harmful to animals and human. This study was conducted to elucidate three major mycotoxins i.e. fumonisin B1 (FUMB1), moniliformin (MON), and beauvericin (BEA) produced by the Fusarium spp. isolated from corn showing typical stalk and ear rot symptoms in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Twenty selected strains of Fusarium species in Gibberella fujikuroi species complex i.e. F.verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, and F. konzum were analyzed for production of the three mycotoxins by using an Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). All strains of F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum produced FUMB1 at high levelsand MON at low levels. Many strains of F. verticillioides (67%) and F. proliferatum (50%) did not produce BEA while the others produced BEA at low levels. Two strains of F. subglutinans did not produce FUMB1 but produced MON at low levels. One strain of F. subglutinans produced BEA and the other one did not produce the toxin. Two strains of F. konzum produced both MON and BEA at low levels but only one strain produced FUMB1 at a low level. These mycotoxins have not been reported from Fusarium spp. in Gibberella fujikuroi species complex isolated form stalk and ear rot diseases of corn in these areas. Therefore, concerted efforts must be made to educate all stake holders about the presence and health hazards of these mycotoxins.
Evaluation of Bioagents and Biofertilizers for the Managament of Seed and Seedling Diseases of Sesamum indicum (Sesame)
Authors: Bharathi Venturla , Sudhakar Ravuru , Parimala K. , Reddy Vishnuvardhan A. 
Published: May 2020

The study was carried out to evaluate the response of biopeticides and biofertilizers on seed mycoflora and seed quality parameters of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Untreated Sesame seeds were collected from farmers of Nizamabad and Karimanagar districts of Andhra Pradesh in India and discolored seeds were separated and treated with biofertilizers and biopesticides alone and in combination form. The seed mycoflora of Sesame seeds were screened by using Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and czaepek dox agar media. The results indicate that maximum numbers of fungi were recorded on PDA. The untreated seeds were found to be associated with maximum percent incidence of mycoflora and minimum population was recorded in the treatment of Trichoderma + Pseudomonas formulation followed by Azat obacter + Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Azatobacter in the decreasing order of efficacy. This study also showed relation of biofertilizers and biopesticides and seed mycoflora on seed germination. Germination percentage was maximum in the treatment Trichoderma + Pseudomonas formulation, Azatobacter + Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Azatobacter recording 96%, 94%, 90% and 88%, respectively. In the control, germination percentage was minimum compared with other treatments. Seeds treated with the mixed formulation were found beneficial in reducing the pathogenic fungi and decreasing seedling mortality.
Effect of Variable Physical Factors on the Toxicity of Plant Volatiles Against Some Aspergillus Spp.
Authors: Pandey Abhay K. , Singh Pooja , Palni Uma T. , Tripathi Nijendra N. 
Published: May 2020

The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of physical factors on mycotoxic potency of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. and Clausena pentaphylla (Roxb.) DC oils against four species of Aspergilli such as A. flavus Link, A. niger van Tieghem, A. ochraceus Wilhelm, A. terreus Thom causing post-harvest deterioration of pigeon pea seeds. During experimentation it was observed that the potency of both oils remained unchanged even against heavy inoculum dose (maximum number of 10 fungal discs and diameter of 25 mm). Furthermore, the toxicity of both the oils did not alter even up to 120 ºC of temperature and 12 months of storage by exhibiting 100% mycelial inhibition of test fungi. The toxicity of both the oils was decreased at alkaline pH (7, 8). Physicochemical characterization of oils revealed that C. ambrosioides oil was pale yellow in colour, lighter than water, laevorotatory, acidic in nature and showed positive test for phenols. While the oil of C. pentaphyllahad light pale color, dextrorotatory, slightly acidic and showed presence of phenols. Both the oils showed good solubility in various organic solvents
Oryctes elegans, A Vector of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Wilt Disease Symptoms of Date Palm
Authors: Khudhair Mohammed W. , Aboud Hadi M. , Khalaf Mohammed Z. , Shbar Ali K. 
Published: May 2020

Fusarium proliferatum is an important pathogen worldwide causing devastating diseases in many crucial crops such as date palm, banana, mango, maize, rice, asparagus, onion, and garlic varied between wilt and dieback. Many insects are able to transmit fungi either during feeding process or mechanically via insects’ movement or laying egg operation. F. proliferatum was isolated from date palm borer Oryctes elegans from five locations in the south of Iraq: Al- Namania, Al- souira, AL- Azezia, Al- Madaan, and Al-Dewania. The fungus was isolated from both insects’ adults and plant materials from trees that showed wilt symptoms. The results revealed that there was high frequency of fungal isolation from both materials expressing the theory of transmitting F. proliferatum by date palm borer. Al- Madaan samples revealed the highest isolation frequency from both borer adults and plant materials with 62.85% and 63.63% respectively; followed by AL- Azezia which showed the highest isolation frequency from insects with 48.33%; while, Al- souira scored the second highest isolation frequency from plant materials with 52.38%
Diseases of Plantation Forestry Trees in Southern Ghana
Authors: Mamle Apetorgbor M. , Jolanda Roux 
Published: May 2020

Ghana is on the verge of exhausting its timber resources and has embarked on reforestation. However, the establishment of pure stands of high value indigenous tree species such as Odum (Milicia excelsa and M. regia), Mahogany (Khaya and Entandrophragma species) and Kokrodua (Pericopsis elata) were not successful as a result of insect pest and disease problems. These failures, together with the need to establish plantations partly account for the widespread planting of teak (Tectona grandis), cedrela (Cedrela odorata) and other introduced tree species. Disease outbreaks in Tectona grandis, Cedrela odorata and Ceiba pentandra have been observed with the expansion of plantation estates. A study was therefore conducted to identify key diseases occurring in tree plantations, determine their distribution and evaluate management strategies to contain them. Diseases encountered include root rot caused by Armillaria hemii on T. grandis and Cedrela odorata, leaf spot and dieback on Ceiba pentandra seedlings and saplings caused by Colletotrichum capsici, Fusarium solani and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, stem canker on Eucalyptus spp. caused by Botryosphaeria sp. and leaf blight caused by a Calonectria species. Management of these diseases will require training of foresters on tree health issues, quarantine and silvicultural practices and initiation of sound breeding and selection programmes.
A Pivotal Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Non-Host Resistance Mechanisms in Legume and Cereal Plants to the Incompatible Pathogens
Authors: Hafez Yaser M. 
Published: May 2020

Most of plants under normal conditions are resistant to most of the incompatible pathogens (viral, fungal and bacterial infections). This is called ״non-host resistance (NHR) phenomenon״. Till now it is not clear the non-host resistance mechanisms. As a result of inoculation of legume (pea and soybean) and cereal (barley and wheat) plants with compatible and incompatible pathogens, strong resistance symptoms were observed in the non-host/incompatible pathogen combinations as compared with host/compatible pathogen combinations which showed severe infection (susceptibility). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2.-) were significantly increased early 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after inoculation (hai) in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. Interestingly enough that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and peroxidase (POX) were not significantly increased at the same early time 6 - 36 hai in the non-host plants. However, these enzymes were significantly increased later on 48, 72 and 96 dai in the non-host plants as compared with host plants. It seems that early accumulation of H2O2 and O2.- could have a dual roles, first role is inhibiting or killing the pathogens early in the non-host plants, second immunization of the non-host plants by stimulating the activities of the antioxidant enzymes later on which thereby, neutralize the harmful effect of ROS and consequently suppressing disease symptoms. The author recommends giving more attention to these new mechanisms of non-host resistance particularly in relation to ROS levels and antioxidant activities which are very important for plant breeders and useful for finding alternative control strategies as well.
Antibacterial Activity of Antagonistic Bacteria and Plant Extract on Erwinia amylovora the Pathogen of Fire Blight Disease in Egypt
Authors: Arafat Khaled H. , Hanan Shaheen A. , Rabab Abd-El-Aziz M. 
Published: May 2020

The blossom blight phase of fire blight disease on pear trees, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill), was typically managed by applying the antibiotic, streptomycin sulfate and copper, to trees during blossom. Biological control agents of fire blight can be achieved by applying nonpathogenic bacteria, viz. Bacillus subtilis or Pantoea agglomerans and plant extract, viz. Harmel (Peganum harmala L.) during open flowers as spraying treatments. The objective of this study was to examine the alternative bactericides against bacterium E. amylovora in vitro and in vivo during two seasons (2013-2014) in Al-Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Our results revealed the ability of these antagonistic bacteria and plant extract can decreased fire blight severity on pear trees. Further studies at different locations in Egypt with large scale application would allow us to make stronger recommendations including their ability to prevent disease and used them as main component in integrated pest management program.
Characterization and Control of Pestalotiopsis spp. the Causal Fungus of Guava Scabby Canker in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt
Authors: El-argawy Eman 
Published: May 2020

During 2013-2014 growing seasons, forty three isolates of Pestalotiopsis spp. were recovered from guava leaves and fruits showed scab symptoms from different regions in EL-Beheira governorate. Five Pestalotiopsis species were recognized according to the morphological characteristics of fungal colony (Colony color, Size and number of acervulii) and conidia (length, width, and color of median cells, length and the number of apical and basal appendages); they were P. psidii, P. microspora, P. clavispora, P. neglecta and Pestalotiosis spp. All the isolates recovered were pathogenic to the cv. Balady of guava fruits. However, P.psidii isolates were the most highly pathogenic followed by P. neglecta, P. clavispora, P. microspora and Pestalotiopsis spp, respectively. RAPD-PCR analysis using five random oligonucleotide primers revealed DNA fingerprints and considerable variations were revealed with primers tested. Bar primer showed a common band for all Pestalotiopsis isolates and species at 500bp, while BAQ, 18 and A9B4 exhibited banding pattern similar for all isolates of the same species which were different from that of the other species. Scab disease control of infected fruits by chitosan as a natural product was tested. The in vitro 2.5% chitosan application significantly inhibited the growth of Pestalotiopsis spp. tested by 86.53% on agar plates. The in vivo tests on fruits, the chitosan treatment to artificially infected fruits reduced the development of symptoms at the different chitosan concentrations, i.e., 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%. The 2.5% chitosan was the most effective concentration for scab disease control in guava fruits. It is the first report of identification five different Pestalotiopsis species affecting guava fruits and leaves in EL-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Also, the study supported the view that chitosan offers a safe alternative to synthetic fungicides in postharvest scabby control and could be considered as a potential agrochemical of low environment impact.
Effect of Osmotic and Matric Potentials on Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Virulence on Peanut
Authors: Abd-Elmagid Ahmed , Hunger Robert , Garzón Carla , Payton Mark , Ju Ho-Jong , Melouk Hassan 
Published: May 2020

The effect of osmotic and matric potentials on mycelial growth, sclerotia production, germination, and virulence of two isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and one isolate of S. minor were studied on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media adjusted with KCl, glycerol, or agar. Osmotic potentials created by KCl and glycerol significantly reduced vegetative growth of the three isolates. On matrically adjusted PDA, vegetative growth of the three isolates was not negatively affected by matric stress up to -3.5 MPa. When KCl was the osmoticum, sclerotia number did not follow a consistent pattern. However, sclerotia number decreased when osmotic stress created by glycerol was increased. Matric stress was not a consistent factor affecting sclerotia production by both species. However, the highest levels of matric stress -3.0 and -3.5 MPa significantly reduced sclerotia production by both species. In general, there was a trend toward lower sclerotial germination with increasing osmotic and matric stress. Pathogenicity of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum on the peanut cultivar (Okrun) was reduced by high concentrations of KCl. Mycelia of both species produced at high matric potential -3.5 MPa did not differ in pathogenicity on Okrun compared with mycelia grown on non-amended PDA. In water-stressed-Okrun, induced by polyethylene glycol 8000, the Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was significantly decreased. The relevance of these results to the behavior of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum, and their pathogenicity on peanut is discussed.
Combination of Different Antagonistic Bacteria to Control of Potato Blackleg Disease Caused by Pectobacterium atrosepticum under Greenhouse and Field Conditions
Authors: El-Hendawy Hoda H. , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A. M. 
Published: May 2020

Three different antagonistic bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas fluoresces (Pf2), Bacillus subtilis(Bs3) and Rahnella acquatilis (Ra39) restricted the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum, the causal agent of black leg disease of potato, in vitro. Under greenhouse and field conditions, potato plants pre-treated with the three antagonistic bacterial isolates, individually or in combination, showed reduced disease severity relative to non-treated control plants. All isolates produced siderophores in different degrees but did not produce indole acetic acid (IAA) or hydrogen cyanide (HCN).The obtained results indicated that combination of Pseudomonas fluoresces (Pf2), Bacillus subtilis (Bs3) and Rahnella acquatilis (Ra39) is beneficial in controlling black leg disease of potato caused by pectobacterium atrosepticum.