bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of shape evolution and displacement in the classification of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Okuda Darin T. , Moog Tatum M. , McCreary Morgan , Bachand Jennifer N. , Wilson Andrew , Wright Katy , Winkler Mandy D. , Ramos Osniel Gonzalez , Blinn Aiden P. , Wang Yeqi , Stanley Thomas , Pinho Marco C. , Newton Braeden D. , Guo Xiaohu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe accurate recognition of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions is challenged by the high sensitivity and imperfect specificity of MRI. To examine whether longitudinal changes in volume, surface area, 3-dimensional (3D) displacement (i.e. change in lesion position), and 3D deformation (i.e. change in lesion shape) could inform on the origin of supratentorial brain lesions, we prospectively enrolled 23 patients with MS and 11 patients with small vessel disease (SVD) and performed standardized 3-T 3D brain MRI studies. Bayesian linear mixed effects regression models were constructed to evaluate associations between changes in lesion morphology and disease state. A total of 248 MS and 157 SVD lesions were studied. Individual MS lesions demonstrated significant decreases in volume < 3.75mm3 (p = 0.04), greater shifts in 3D displacement by 23.4% with increasing duration between MRI time points (p = 0.007), and greater transitions to a more non-spherical shape (p < 0.0001). If 62.2% of lesions within a given MRI study had a calculated theoretical radius > 2.49 based on deviation from a perfect 3D sphere, a 92.7% in-sample and 91.2% out-of-sample accuracy was identified for the diagnosis of MS. Longitudinal 3D shape evolution and displacement characteristics may improve lesion classification, adding to MRI techniques aimed at improving lesion specificity.
Multitask ATPases (NBDs) of bacterial ABC importers type I and their interspecies exchangeability
Authors: Leisico Francisco , Godinho Lia M. , Gonçalves Inês C. , Silva Sara P. , Carneiro Bruno , Romão Maria J. , Santos-Silva Teresa , de Sá-Nogueira Isabel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractATP-binding cassette (ABC) type I importers are widespread in bacteria and play a crucial role in its survival and pathogenesis. They share the same modular architecture comprising two intracellular nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), two transmembrane domains (TMDs) and a substrate-binding protein. The NBDs bind and hydrolyze ATP, thereby generating conformational changes that are coupled to the TMDs and lead to substrate translocation. A group of multitask NBDs that are able to serve as the cellular motor for multiple sugar importers was recently discovered. To understand why some ABC importers share energy-coupling components, we used the MsmX ATPase from Bacillus subtilis as a model for biological and structural studies. Here we report the first examples of functional hybrid interspecies ABC type I importers in which the NBDs could be exchanged. Furthermore, the first crystal structure of an assigned multitask NBD provides a framework to understand the molecular basis of the broader specificity of interaction with the TMDs.
Determinant components of newly onset versus improved metabolic syndrome in a population of Iran
Authors: Lankarani Kamran Bagheri , Honarvar Behnam , Keshani Parisa , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the risk factors related to regression and progression of metabolic syndrome, in a 4-year cohort study. A total of 540 individuals (≥ 18 years old) participated in both phase of the study. Participants were categorized into 3 categories of regressed, progressed and unchanged metabolic syndrome (MetS). Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed for each individual in both phase. Variables differences (delta: Δ) between the two phase of study were calculated. Unchanged group was considered as baseline category. Based on IDF, MetS had been regressed and progressed in 42 participants (7.7%) and 112 (20.7%) participants respectively, in the second phase. More than 47% of people, whose MetS regressed, experienced also NAFLD regression. Results of multiple variable analysis revealed that increased age, positive Δ-TG, and Δ-FBS, significantly increased the odds of MetS progression based on IDF and ATP III definitions, while negative Δ-HDL and Δ-neutrophil to lymph ration increased the odds of progression. On the other hand, negative Δ-TG and positive Δ-HDL significantly increased the odds of Mets regression based of both IDF and ATP III. Management of hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and HDL is a critical, non-invasive and accessible approach to change the trend of MetS.
UPLC/MS-based untargeted metabolomics reveals the changes of metabolites profile of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge during Sweating processing
Authors: Cao Mengyang , Liu Yingying , Jiang Weimin , Meng Xiaoxi , Zhang Wei , Chen Weidong , Peng Daiyin , Xing Shihai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza has numerous compounds with extensive clinical application. “Sweating”, a processing method of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), results in great changes in pharmacology and pharmacodynamics. Previously, chromatogram of 10 characteristic metabolites in S. miltiorrhiza showed a significant difference after “Sweating”. Due to the complexity of TCM, changes in metabolites should be investigated metabolome-wide after “Sweating”. An untargeted UPLC/MS-based metabolomics was performed to discover metabolites profile variation of S. miltiorrhiza after “Sweating”. Multivariate analysis was conducted to screen differential metabolites. Analysis indicated distinct differences between sweated and non-sweated samples. 10,108 substance peaks had been detected altogether, and 4759 metabolites had been identified from negative and positive ion model. 287 differential metabolites were screened including 112 up-regulated and 175 down-regulated and they belong to lipids and lipid-like molecules, and phenylpropanoid and polyketides. KEGG analysis showed the pathway of linoleic acid metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were mainly enriched. 31 and 49 identified metabolites were exclusively detected in SSM and NSSM, respectively, which mainly belong to carboxylic acids and derivatives, polyketides and fatty acyls. By mapping tanshinones and salvianolic acids to 4759 identified metabolites library, 23 characteristic metabolites had been identified, among which 11 metabolites changed most. We conclude that “Sweating’’ has significant effect on metabolites content and composition of S. miltiorrhiza.
Effect and underlying mechanisms of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on cultured human corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Kashiwagi Kenji , Iizuka Yoko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHealth problems caused by airborne particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 (PM2.5), especially in the respiratory system, have become a worldwide problem, but the influence and mechanisms of PM2.5 on the ocular surface have not been sufficiently elucidated. We investigated in vitro the onset and pathogenesis of corneal damage induced by PM2.5. Two types of PM2.5 samples originating from Beijing (designated #28) and the Gobi Desert (designated #30) were added to the culture medium of immortalized cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) to examine the effects on survival rates, autophagy, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Both types of PM2.5 significantly reduced the HCEC survival rate in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering autophagy. In particular, compared with #30, #28 induced much more severe damage in HCECs. Physical contact between PM2.5 and HCECs was not a primary contributor to PM2.5-induced HCEC damage. Among the 38 proinflammatory cytokines examined in this study, significant increases in the granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-6 levels and a significant reduction in the interleukin-8 level were detected in culture medium of PM2.5-exposed HCECs. Simultaneous addition of a GM-CSF inhibitor, suramin, alleviated the HCEC impairment induced by PM2.5. In conclusion, PM2.5 induces HCEC death by triggering autophagy. Some cytokines that are released from HCECs, including GM-CSF, may be involved in HCEC damage caused by PM2.5 exposure.
311 service requests as indicators of neighborhood distress and opioid use disorder
Authors: Li Yuchen , Hyder Ayaz , Southerland Lauren T. , Hammond Gretchen , Porr Adam , Miller Harvey J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOpioid use disorder and overdose deaths is a public health crisis in the United States, and there is increasing recognition that its etiology is rooted in part by social determinants such as poverty, isolation and social upheaval. Limiting research and policy interventions is the low temporal and spatial resolution of publicly available administrative data such as census data. We explore the use of municipal service requests (also known as “311” requests) as high resolution spatial and temporal indicators of neighborhood social distress and opioid misuse. We analyze the spatial associations between georeferenced opioid overdose event (OOE) data from emergency medical service responders and 311 service request data from the City of Columbus, OH, USA for the time period 2008–2017. We find 10 out of 21 types of 311 requests spatially associate with OOEs and also characterize neighborhoods with lower socio-economic status in the city, both consistently over time. We also demonstrate that the 311 indicators are capable of predicting OOE hotspots at the neighborhood-level: our results show code violation, public health, and street lighting were the top three accurate predictors with predictive accuracy as 0.92, 0.89 and 0.83, respectively. Since 311 requests are publicly available with high spatial and temporal resolution, they can be effective as opioid overdose surveillance indicators for basic research and applied policy.
Machine-learning-based prediction models for high-need high-cost patients using nationwide clinical and claims data
Authors: Osawa Itsuki , Goto Tadahiro , Yamamoto Yuji , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh-need, high-cost (HNHC) patients—usually defined as those who account for the top 5% of annual healthcare costs—use as much as half of the total healthcare costs. Accurately predicting future HNHC patients and designing targeted interventions for them has the potential to effectively control rapidly growing healthcare expenditures. To achieve this goal, we used a nationally representative random sample of the working-age population who underwent a screening program in Japan in 2013–2016, and developed five machine-learning-based prediction models for HNHC patients in the subsequent year. Predictors include demographics, blood pressure, laboratory tests (e.g., HbA1c, LDL-C, and AST), survey responses (e.g., smoking status, medications, and past medical history), and annual healthcare cost in the prior year. Our prediction models for HNHC patients combining clinical data from the national screening program with claims data showed a c-statistics of 0.84 (95%CI, 0.83–0.86), and overperformed traditional prediction models relying only on claims data.
Acoustical and Perceptual Analysis of Noise Reduction Strategies in Individuals With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Jaisinghani Priyanka , Manjula P. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe conventional amplification devices render minimal or no benefit at abating the speech perception problems of individuals with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of noise reduction strategies (multiband spectral subtraction, Wiener-as, Karhunen–Loeve transform [Subspace], and ideal binary mask [IdBM] algorithm) on speech using speech perception measures and acoustic measure among individuals with ANSD.MethodTwo groups of participants (age: 17–43 years) were recruited in the study. Group I comprised 12 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of ANSD and not exceeding moderate degree of hearing loss and Group II of 10 individuals with normal hearing in both ears. The signal-to-noise required for 50% speech recognition (SNR-50) was measured for the participants in five conditions, that is, unprocessed speech and speech processed with four noise reduction strategies. Additionally, an acoustic objective measure Extended Short-Time Objective Intelligibility algorithm was employed to estimate the intelligibility index across the conditions.ResultsSignificant difference was found across conditions in both the groups. Pairwise comparison revealed significantly better speech perception on SNR-50 measure with IdBM strategy, for both the groups. No significant difference in SNR-50 was observed with other noise reduction strategies. IdBM condition also gave the highest intelligibility index (d) values using Extended Short-Time Objective Intelligibility algorithm. This finding needs to be verified on a larger group of individuals with ANSD.ConclusionsIdBM noise reduction strategy rendered significantly lower SNR-50 compared to other noise reduction strategies for individuals with ANSD in this study. This provides clinical evidence for the same and also recommends trying on a larger group of participants before its implementation in hearing devices. Apart from this, the current strategies used in hearing aids provide no improvement in speech identification in noise for this population. Hence, though the present hearing aids may show benefit in quiet condition, chances of its rejection are high in noisy backgrounds.
Formation mechanism of ZnO nanosheets combined with regenerated cellulose through NaOH inner‐pore diffusion process
Authors: Li Xiaobao , Zhou Xiaolong , Gao Yanian 
Published: November 2020

In the present work, regenerated cellulose films with different pore sizes were prepared using cellulose, which can control the synthesis reaction of nano‐ZnO and thus regulate its morphology. The results show that with 0, 4, and 8 g of cellulose applied, average pore sizes of samples increased from 7.0 nm to 14.4 and 20.1 nm, respectively. When no cellulose was used, only large Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O (ZHC) flakes were prepared. Long ZnO nano‐sheets and ZHC flakes with a mass fraction of 0.51 and 0.33, respectively, were prepared by adding 4 g cellulose; and ZnO nano‐sheets with a mass fraction of 0.73, with 0.04 ZHC, were synthesised while using 8 g cellulose. The results reveal that the addition of cellulose can improve the average pore diameter of films and enhance the reaction rate of ZnO, resulting in the formation of ZnO nano‐sheets/regenerated cellulose films.
PSP/WISPR observations of dust density depletion near the Sun
Authors: Stenborg G. , Howard R. A. , Hess P. , Gallagher B. 
Published: November 2020

Context. In 1929, Russell predicted that dust particles cannot survive in a region close to any star, hence giving justification for a dust free zone to exist inside a certain distance from the star. This theoretical prediction has not been confirmed, even with our Sun.
Aims. We use the unique vantage points and new perspectives of the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission to study the dust environment close to the Sun with imaging observations from the Wide Field Imager for Solar Probe (WISPR) as PSP orbits, progressively closer to the Sun (PSP will ultimately reach a perihelion distance of 9.86 R⊙).
Methods. We analyze the radial brightness profile of the axis of symmetry of the F-corona in the WISPR images obtained from heliocentric distances between about 0.350 AU (75 R⊙) and 0.129 AU (28 R⊙) to detect any change from earlier observations. Historically, at observer locations between 1 and 0.3 AU, the brightness of the axis of symmetry has been shown to fall off as a power law of solar distance, r−n, with an exponent of n = 2.3.
Results. We show that as PSP approaches its perihelion distance of 28 R⊙ (orbits 4 and 5), the radial gradient of the brightness profile of the axis of symmetry of the F-corona gradually becomes less steep, starting at about 19 R⊙ down to the shortest elongations reached with current WISPR observations at about 7.65 R⊙. This observational signature is modeled with an ad hoc homogeneous dust density model (i.e., it is not based on any physical model) along the symmetry axis of the zodiacal dust cloud, which (1) varies as the historical density profile, r−1.3, down to 19 R⊙, then (2) stays approximately constant down to 10 R⊙, and finally (3) decreases exponentially to become zero at 3 R⊙. The density profile below 19 R⊙ is accomplished by using a multiplier on the historical density profile that decreases linearly down to 3 R⊙. The distance dependence and range of the multiplier were chosen to best match the brightness observations below 30 R⊙.
Conclusions. The observed brightness decrease in the axis of symmetry is interpreted as the signature of the existence of a dust density depletion zone between about 19 R⊙ and 3 R⊙, which at the inner limit of WISPR’s field of view of 7.65 R⊙ has a dust density that is ~5% lower than the density at 19 R⊙, instead of the expected density which is three times if no depletion zone exists. No noticeable variations in the brightness of the F-corona axis of symmetry were observed from 2018 to 2020.
Synthesis of real world drone signals based on lab recordings
Authors: Heutschi Kurt , Ott Beat , Nussbaumer Thomas , Wellig Peter 
Published: November 2020

There is a great interest in the generation of plausible drone signals in various applications, e.g. for auralization purposes or the compilation of training data for detection algorithms. Here, a methodology is presented which synthesises realistic immission signals based on laboratory recordings and subsequent signal processing. The transformation of a lab drone signal into a virtual field microphone signal has to consider a constant pitch shift to adjust for the manoeuvre specific rotational speed and the corresponding frequency dependent emission strength correction, a random pitch shift variation to account for turbulence induced rotational speed variations in the field, Doppler frequency shift and time and frequency dependent amplitude adjustments according to the different propagation effects. By evaluation of lab and field measurements, the relevant synthesizer parameters were determined. It was found that for the investigated set of drone types, the vertical radiation characteristics can be successfully described by a generic frequency dependent directivity pattern. The proposed method is applied to different drone models with a total weight between 800 g and 3.4 kg and is discussed with respect to its abilities and limitations comparing both, recordings taken in the lab and the field.
Cellular Origins of Endometriosis: Towards Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Filby Caitlin E. , Rombauts Luk , Montgomery Grant W. , Giudice Linda C. , Gargett Caroline E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEndometriosis remains an enigmatic disease of unknown etiology, with delayed diagnosis and poor therapeutic options. This review will discuss the cellular, physiological, and genomic evidence of Sampson's hypothesis of retrograde menstruation as a cause of pelvic endometriosis and as the basis of phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease. We postulate that collaborative research at the single cell level focused on unlocking the cellular, physiological, and genomic mechanisms of endometriosis will be accompanied by advances in personalized diagnosis and therapies that target unique subtypes of endometriosis disease. These advances will address the clinical conundrums of endometriosis clinical care—including diagnostic delay, suboptimal treatments, disease recurrence, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and quality of life. There is an urgent need to improve outcomes for women with endometriosis. To achieve this, it is imperative that we understand which cells form the lesions, how they arrive at distant sites, and what factors govern their ability to survive and invade at ectopic locations. This review proposes new research avenues to address these basic questions of endometriosis pathobiology that will lay the foundations for new diagnostic tools and treatment pathways.
The public’s comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies
Authors: Trinidad M. Grace , Platt Jodyn , Kardia Sharon L. R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHealthcare systems are using big data-driven methods to realize the vision of learning health systems and improve care quality. In so doing, many are partnering with third-party commercial companies to provide novel data processing and analysis capabilities, while also providing personal health information to a for-profit industry that may store and sell data. In this research we describe the public’s comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies for patient and business purposes and how this comfort is associated with demographic factors (sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, income, insurance status, and self-reported health status), perceived healthcare access, and concerns about privacy. We surveyed the US public (n = 1841) to assess comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies for patient or business purposes and examined whether there was a difference between comfort with data sharing for patient or business purposes. Univariate and stepwise regression modeling is used here to estimate the relationship between comfort with third-party commercial companies for patient and business purposes (outcomes) and demographic factors, self-reported health status, perceived healthcare access, and privacy concerns. The public is more comfortable sharing health data with third party commercial companies for patient purposes as compared to business purposes (paired t = 39.84, p < 0.001). Higher education was associated with greater comfort with sharing health data for patient purposes (β = 0.205, p < 0.001) and decreased comfort with sharing health data for business purposes (β = −0.145, p = 0.079). An inverse relationship exists between privacy concerns and comfort with sharing health data for both patient (β = −0.223, p < 0.001) and business purposes (β = −0.246, p < 0.001). Participants ages 45–59 were less comfortable sharing health data with third party commercial companies for patient purposes (β = −0.154, p = 0.0012) than participants aged 18–29. Proactive acknowledgment of privacy concerns and better communication of the steps being taken to protect the privacy of health data can increase patient comfort. Healthcare systems may be able to increase public and patient comfort with sharing health data with third-party commercial companies by emphasizing the patient-centered benefits of these partnerships.
Urban metaphors
Authors: Vermeulen Karolien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cities in the biblical text are not mere places, but often also characters in a relationship with both human beings and the divine character. Critical-spatial theory has offered a valuable framework to connect these two roles of the city, introducing a functionally informed understanding of space rather than one that is either material or symbolic (Lefebvre 1974; Soja 1996). This chapter builds upon this research, whilst proposing a stylistic component to the framework in order to assess the nature of the textual city fully. Relying on metaphor theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980 [2003]; Kövecses 2010) and framing theory (Entman 1993; Fillmore 1975), the chapter shows how city space is construed in the biblical text. This space tends to rely on a handful of frequently used conceptual metaphors, such as the city is a container and the city is a woman, and less commonly used images, such as the city is an object. Only in exceptional cases does the text turn to novel metaphors that differ significantly from the well-established city imagery. The actual cityscape in the text is the result of a skillful tailoring of images into a specific context.