bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient microwave frequency conversion mediated by a photonics compatible silicon nitride nanobeam oscillator
Authors: Fink J M , Kalaee M , Norte R , Pitanti A , Painter O 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems and integrated photonics provide the basis for many reliable and compact circuit elements in modern communication systems. Electro-opto-mechanical devices are currently one of the leading approaches to realize ultra-sensitive, low-loss transducers for an emerging quantum information technology. Here we present an on-chip microwave frequency converter based on a planar aluminum on silicon nitride platform that is compatible with slot-mode coupled photonic crystal cavities. We show efficient frequency conversion between two propagating microwave modes mediated by the radiation pressure interaction with a metalized dielectric nanobeam oscillator. We achieve bidirectional coherent conversion with a total device efficiency of up to ∼60%, a dynamic range of 2 × 109 photons/s and an instantaneous bandwidth of up to 1.7 kHz. A high fidelity quantum state transfer would be possible if the drive dependent output noise of currently ∼14 photons s−1 Hz−1 is further reduced. Such a silicon nitride based transducer is in situ reconfigurable and could be used for on-chip classical and quantum signal routing and filtering, both for microwave and hybrid microwave-optical applications.
Localization of the small amplitude wave in three dimensional granular material
Authors: Peng Jing , Yang Guanghui , Liang Tao , Duan Wen Shan , Yang Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A general small amplitude wave equations are proposed for the granular material. It is shown that the wave is localized in a certain region which is in agreement with that found in both the analytical and the simulation results. The localization region depends on the wave frequency and the parameters of the granular material such as the bead radius, the magnitude of the initial prestress, the Young’s modulus and the bead mass. Several examples are given which indicate that the attenuation rate of the wave depend on the permutation of the bead. It also depends on whether the wave is longitudinal or tangential.
ISDE guidance statement: management of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and surgery in COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Yip Hon Chi , Chiu Philip , Hassan Cesare , Antonelli Giulio , Sharma Prateek 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARY
This is an official guidance statement of The International Society of the Diseases of the Esophagus (ISDE) to address all the operators involved in management of patients affected by upper gastrointestinal diseases during COVID-19 pandemic. This guidance is based on the best available evidence to date and will be updated as new evidence becomes available.
Haematuria and urinary tract cancers in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants
Authors: Rasmussen Peter Vibe , Dalgaard Frederik , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Brandes Axel , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Münster Anne-Marie Bloch , Erikson Marie Schmidt , Pallisgaard Jannik Langtved , Blanche Paul , Hansen Morten Lock 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with oral anticoagulants (OACs) have an increased risk of bleeding including haematuria. In the general population, gross haematuria is associated with urinary tract cancer. Consequently, we aimed to investigate the potential association between gross haematuria and urinary tract cancer in anticoagulated patients with AF.

Methods and results
Using Danish nationwide registers, we included Danish AF patients treated with OACs between 2001 and 2015. Non-parametric estimation and semi-parametric absolute risk regression were used to estimate the absolute risk of urinary tract cancer in patients with and without gross haematuria. We included 125 063 AF patients with a median age of 74 years (interquartile range 65–80) and a majority of males (57%). The absolute risk of gross haematuria 12 months after treatment initiation increased with age ranging from 0.37% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.42] to 0.85% (95% CI 0.75–0.96) in the youngest and oldest age groups of ≤70 and &gt;80 years of age, respectively. The 1-year risk of urinary tract cancer after haematuria ranged from 4.2% (95% CI 2.6–6.6) to 6.5% (95% CI 4.6–9.0) for patients in age group &gt;80 and 71–80 years, respectively. Gross haematuria conferred large risk ratios of urinary tract cancer when comparing patients with and without haematuria across all age groups.

Conclusion
Gross haematuria was associated with clinically relevant risks of urinary tract cancer in anticoagulated patients with AF. These findings underline the importance of meticulously examining anticoagulated patients with haematuria.
De novo mutations in TOMM70, a receptor of the mitochondrial import translocase, cause neurological impairment
Authors: Dutta Debdeep , Briere Lauren C , Kanca Oguz , Marcogliese Paul C , Walker Melissa A , High Frances A , Vanderver Adeline , Krier Joel , Carmichael Nikkola , Callahan Christine , Taft Ryan J , Simons Cas , Helman Guy , Network Undiagnosed Diseases , Wangler Michael F , Yamamoto Shinya , Sweetser David A , Bellen Hugo J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane (TOMM) complex is the entry gate for virtually all mitochondrial proteins and is essential to build the mitochondrial proteome. TOMM70 is a receptor that assists mainly in mitochondrial protein import. Here, we report two individuals with de novo variants in the C-terminal region of TOMM70. While both individuals exhibited shared symptoms including hypotonia, hyper-reflexia, ataxia, dystonia and significant white matter abnormalities, there were differences between the two individuals, most prominently the age of symptom onset. Both individuals were undiagnosed despite extensive genetics workups. Individual 1 was found to have a p.Thr607Ile variant while Individual 2 was found to have a p.Ile554Phe variant in TOMM70. To functionally assess both TOMM70 variants, we replaced the Drosophila Tom70 coding region with a Kozak-mini-GAL4 transgene using CRISPR-Cas9. Homozygous mutant animals die as pupae, but lethality is rescued by the mini-GAL4-driven expression of human UAS-TOMM70 cDNA. Both modeled variants lead to significantly less rescue indicating that they are loss-of-function alleles. Similarly, RNAi-mediated knockdown of Tom70 in the developing eye causes roughening and synaptic transmission defect, common findings in neurodegenerative and mitochondrial disorders. These phenotypes were rescued by the reference, but not the variants, of TOMM70. Altogether, our data indicate that de novo loss-of-function variants in TOMM70 result in variable white matter disease and neurological phenotypes in affected individuals.
Liability in Joint Military Operations—The Green Desert Case
Authors: Kessing Peter Vedel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Almost all international military operations today are joint military operations where several states collaborate to carry out concrete operations, such as combat or arrest operations. This raises pertinent and difficult questions in relation to state responsibility if international law obligations are breached during the operation, not least: Which state or states are responsible? In June 2018, a Danish High Court found Denmark responsible in its complicity for Iraqi ill-treatment of 18 Iraqis who were detained by the Iraqi military in a joint Danish–Iraqi military operation in Iraq in November 2004. Danish soldiers did not exercise control over the Iraqi troops; the detainees were not captured by Danish soldiers or at any time subject to their control or jurisdiction; and Danish forces did not participate in or witness any ill-treatment during the operation. Nevertheless, the Danish High Court found that the Danish defence forces were liable to pay compensation to the 18 Iraqi detainees because Danish defence forces ‘should have known’ that there was a real risk of Iraqi ill-treatment of detainees and paid to little attention to the risk when planning and participating in the operation. The article discusses the Danish High Court judgment. Is it a problem that the High Court decided the case on the basis of Danish compensation law and largely ignores international law standards? And would the Danish defence forces have been responsible if assessed on the basis of State responsibility standards in international law?
SNP Markers as a Successful Molecular Tool for Assessing Species Identity and Geographic Origin of Trees in the Economically Important South American Legume GenusDipteryx
Authors: Honorio Coronado Eurídice N , Blanc-Jolivet Céline , Mader Malte , García-Dávila Carmen R , Aldana Gomero David , del Castillo Torres Dennis , Flores Llampazo Gerardo , Hidalgo Pizango Gabriel , Sebbenn Alexandre M , Meyer-Sand Barbara R V , Paredes-Villanueva Kathelyn , Tysklind Niklas , Troispoux Valerie , Massot Marie , Carvalho Catarina , de Lima Haroldo C , Cardoso Domingos , Degen Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDipteryx timber has been heavily exploited in South America since 2000s due to the increasing international demand for hardwood. Developing tools for the genetic identification of Dipteryx species and their geographical origin can help to promote legal trading of timber. A collection of 800 individual trees, belonging to 6 different Dipteryx species, was genotyped based on 171 molecular markers. After the exclusion of markers out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or with no polymorphism or low amplification, 83 nuclear, 29 chloroplast, 13 mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and 2 chloroplast and 5 mitochondrial INDELS remained. Six genetic groups were identified using Bayesian Structure analyses of the nuclear SNPs, which corresponded to the different Dipteryx species collected in the field. Seventeen highly informative markers were identified as suitable for species identification and obtained self-assignment success rates to species level of 78–96%. An additional set of 15 molecular markers was selected to determine the different genetic clusters found in Dipteryx odorata and Dipteryx ferrea, obtaining self-assignment success rates of 91–100%. The success to assign samples to the correct country of origin using all or only the informative markers improved when using the nearest neighbor approach (69–92%) compared to the Bayesian approach (33–80%). While nuclear and chloroplast SNPs were more suitable for differentiating the different Dipteryx species, mitochondrial SNPs were ideal for determining the genetic clusters of D. odorata and D. ferrea. These 32 selected SNPs will be invaluable genetic tools for the accurate identification of species and country of origin of Dipteryx timber.
Visions of Peace Amidst a Human Rights Crisis: War on Drugs in Colombia and the Philippines
Authors: Regilme Salvador Santino F 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeace is one of most widely used yet highly contested concepts in contemporary politics. What constitutes peace? That broad analytic inquiry motivates this article, which focuses on the contentious discourses of peace within a society besieged by widespread trafficking and use of illegal drugs. Focusing on the illegal drug problem in Colombia and the Philippines, the central puzzle of this paper constitutes two fundamental questions: How do state leaders justify their respective “war on drugs”? How do they construct and discursively articulate ideals of peace in the context of the illegal drug problem? This paper compares the post-9/11 Colombian war on drugs (2002–2010) vis-à-vis the Philippine war on drugs under the Duterte administration (2016–2019), particularly in terms of how their presidential administrations articulate “peace” in the context of resolving the drug problem. The paper examines the varying discourses of peace, investigates how those local discourses relate to global discourses on peace and illegal drugs, and underscores how and under which conditions those peace discourses portray the material distributive conflicts in those societies. The core argument states that the Uribe and Duterte administrations primarily deployed the notion of peace as a justificatory discourse for increased state repression, intensified criminalization of the drug problem, and the reluctance of the state in embracing a public health approach to the proliferation of illegal drugs.
Can Reminders and Incentives Improve Implementation Within Government? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Andersen Simon Calmar , Hvidman Ulrik 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Existing research demonstrates how governments can use insights from behavioral science to design policy and alter residents’ behavior. This article proposes that the effect of behavioral interventions may be different in hierarchical organizations where the decision to change behavior and the execution of that decision are split between different individuals. We examine the effect of two small-scale interventions—personal reminders and financial incentives—in a large-scale field experiment with public schools in Denmark. The Ministry of Education invited a representative sample of public schools to adopt a program that provides information on students’ socio-emotional competencies. Results show that small financial incentives increased managers’ adoption of the program by 7 percentage points. Frontline workers’ subsequent data generation and performance information acquisition were also increased in the incentive treatment groups, even though the latter was not incentivized. Reminders paired with incentives had an impact on the managers’ adoption, but the reminder effect disappeared during the implementation phase. These findings demonstrate both the potentials and limitations of applying behavioral research on individual residents to hierarchical organizations.
Atomic Charge Calculator II: web-based tool for the calculation of partial atomic charges
Authors: Raček Tomáš , Schindler Ondřej , Toušek Dominik , Horský Vladimír , Berka Karel , Koča Jaroslav , Svobodová Radka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Partial atomic charges serve as a simple model for the electrostatic distribution of a molecule that drives its interactions with its surroundings. Since partial atomic charges are frequently used in computational chemistry, chemoinformatics and bioinformatics, many computational approaches for calculating them have been introduced. The most applicable are fast and reasonably accurate empirical charge calculation approaches. Here, we introduce Atomic Charge Calculator II (ACC II), a web application that enables the calculation of partial atomic charges via all the main empirical approaches and for all types of molecules. ACC II implements 17 empirical charge calculation methods, including the highly cited (QEq, EEM), the recently published (EQeq, EQeq+C), and the old but still often used (PEOE). ACC II enables the fast calculation of charges even for large macromolecular structures. The web server also offers charge visualization, courtesy of the powerful LiteMol viewer. The calculation setup of ACC II is very straightforward and enables the quick calculation of high-quality partial charges. The application is available at https://acc2.ncbr.muni.cz.
Comparative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Susceptible Asparagus officinalis and Resistant Wild A. kiusianus Reveal Insights into Stem Blight Disease Resistance
Authors: Abdelrahman Mostafa , Nakabayashi Ryo , Mori Tetsuya , Ikeuchi Takao , Mori Mitsutaka , Murakami Kyoko , Ozaki Yukio , Matsumoto Masaru , Uragami Atsuko , Tsujimoto Hisashi , Tran Lam-Son Phan , Kanno Akira 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Phomopsis asparagi is one of the most serious fungal pathogens, which causes stem blight disease in Asparagus officinalis (AO), adversely affecting its production worldwide. Recently, the development of novel asparagus varieties using wild Asparagus genetic resources with natural P. asparagi resistance has become a priority in Japan due to the lack of resistant commercial AO cultivars. In this study, comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of susceptible AO and resistant wild Asparagus kiusianus (AK) 24 and 48 h postinoculated (AOI_24 hpi, AOI_48 hpi, AKI_24 hpi and AKI_48 hpi, respectively) with P. asparagi were conducted to gain insights into metabolic and expression changes associated with AK species. Following infection, the resistant wild AK showed rapid metabolic changes with increased levels of flavonoids and steroidal saponins and decreased asparagusic acid glucose ester content, compared with the susceptible AO plants. Transcriptome data revealed a total of 21  differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as the core gene set that displayed upregulation in the resistant AK versus susceptible AO after infection with P. asparagi. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of these DEGs identified 11 significantly enriched pathways, including flavonoid biosynthesis and primary metabolite metabolism, in addition to plant signaling and defense-related pathways. In addition, comparative single-nucleotide polymorphism and Indel distributions in susceptible AO and resistant AK plants were evaluated using the latest AO reference genome Aspof.V1. The data generated in this study are important resources for advancing Asparagus breeding programs and for investigations of genetic linkage mapping, phylogenetic diversity and plant defense-related genes.
Vortex motion of a continuous medium depending on the pressure change
Authors: Braginsky Alexander 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the vortex motion of a continuous medium, which is described by forces obtained from the principle of least action. It is shown that in a continuous medium the vortex force components are proportional to the velocity and pressure gradient components. This article gives a description of the 2D vortex motion of air in zones of high and low pressure. If the pressure decreases, the angular velocity of rotation of the continuous medium increases, whereas if the pressure increases, the angular velocity fades. The lifting force is obtained due to the vortex movement of air in the form of a funnel. It is shown that the vortex force contains a vortex term of the Euler hydrodynamic equations with a relative factor equal to the velocity of the continuous medium squared divided by the sound velocity squared. To describe the motion of a continuous medium correctly it is necessary to replace the forces obtained by Euler with the forces obtained from the minimum of action in the equations of motion. It is concluded that vortex motions and turbulence are described by the obtained equations of motion, and not by the Navier–Stokes equations. Most likely, this is related to the Problem of the Millennium description of turbulence announced at the International Congress of Mathematics in 2000.
Remembering and Dismembering Henry Howard: Blazon and Beheading in Sir John Cheke’s Elegy on the Earl of Surrey
Authors: Grossman Joel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sir John Cheke’s poem ‘What natures worke is this’ constitutes the earliest extant elegy to the early Tudor poet and courtier Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. If the renaissance elegy typically sought to praise or blame its subject, Surrey posed a peculiar problem: executed as a traitor and enemy to the Edwardian succession, Surrey was fast becoming revered as the greatest English poet since Chaucer. Unable to reconcile these two positions in the single figure of Surrey, Cheke’s poem produces a fragmented image of its subject, an image foregrounded by the figurative dismemberment of Surrey through anatomical blazons. Yet, Cheke’s poem itself becomes fragmented in this process. From the grammar and versification, to the elegist’s self-representation, the poem succumbs to the loss of structural integrity attributed to its subject. This essay understands this fragmentation as a reflection of Cheke’s own fractured relationship to his subject. Cheke’s divided loyalties of literary admiration and political animosity necessitated the construction of a divided and incomprehensible elegiac subject. Ultimately, the process of remembering Surrey becomes one of re-membering him: creating a version of Surrey from his fragmented remains.
Seasonal Variation in the Volume of Posterior Spinal Arthrodesis Procedures for Pediatric Scoliosis
Authors: Marrache Majd , Harris Andrew B. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: April 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective review of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kids’ Inpatient Database.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate variations in surgical case volume in the US for spinal arthrodesis for pediatric patients with scoliosis.

Summary of Background Data.
Approximately 38,000 spinal arthrodesis procedures are performed each year in the United States for pediatric patients with scoliosis. Anecdotally, pediatric spine surgeons report performing more scoliosis procedures during summer months and before national holidays than during other periods, but this has not been reported in the literature. A thorough understanding of seasonal variations in surgical volume may guide the allocation of health care resources.

Methods.
Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Kids’ Inpatient Database, we identified 32,563 patients aged <21 years with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (54%), neuromuscular scoliosis (19%), congenital scoliosis (12%), early-onset scoliosis (12%), or scoliosis from other causes (5%) who underwent primary spinal arthrodesis from 2000 through 2016. χ
2 goodness-of-fit tests were used to evaluate seasonal differences in the number of spinal arthrodesis procedures performed. A negative binomial distribution model was used to compare surgical volume by month. Alpha = 0.05.

Results.
We found significant seasonal variation in the volume of spinal arthrodesis procedures performed, which persisted after stratifying by type of scoliosis (all, P < 0.001). For all types of scoliosis, surgical volume was highest during the summer. The 3 months with the highest surgical volumes were June, July, and December.

Conclusion.
The number of spinal arthrodesis procedures performed in the United States for pediatric scoliosis peaked significantly during the summer, with the highest volume of surgeries performed during June, July, and December. An understanding of these variations can help hospitals and providers allocate resources appropriately throughout the year according to predictable changes in surgical volume.

Level of Evidence: 4