bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABO / Rh-D Blood types and susceptibility to Corona Virus Disease-19 in Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Rahim Fawad , Amin Said , Bahadur Sher , Noor Mohammad , Mahmood Afsheen , Gul Huma 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To determine the association between ABO/Rh-D blood types and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Pakistan.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1935 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were included using consecutive sampling. Age and gender-matched sample of 1935 blood donors was used as a comparison group. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used for inferential statistics.
Results: Significantly higher proportion of blood type-B was observed in COVID-19 group (35.9% vs 31.9%, p=0.009). Blood type-AB was found more frequently (14.2% vs 11.8%, p=0.03) in the comparison group. The Rh-D Positive blood types were 93.3% in COVID-19 group and 94.9% in comparison group (p=0.03). The odds of blood type-B, AB and Rh-D positive to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 were 1.195 (95% CI 1.04 – 1.36, p=0.009), 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 – 0.97, p=0.03) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.57- 0.98, p = 0.03), respectively. Blood types A and O did not have significant association with SARS-CoV-2 PCR result (p = 0.22 and 0.88, respectively).
Conclusions: There is significant association between blood types B & AB and susceptibility to COVID-19. There is no association between blood types A and O with COVID-19. Rh- D positive blood types are less susceptible to COVID-19.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3655
How to cite this:Rahim F, Amin S, Bahadur S, Noor M, Mahmood A, Gul H. ABO / Rh-D Blood types and susceptibility to Corona Virus Disease-19 in Peshawar, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):4-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3655
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Short term outcomes of three dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Shaikh Abdul Razaque , Shaikh Aaijaz Ahmed , Abbasi Mujib Rehman 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the short-term outcomes of three dimensional (3D) versus two dimensional (2D) laparoscopic procedures used for cholecystectomy.
Methods: This study was conducted at minimally invasive surgery center of Liaquat University of Medical Health and Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro Pakistan, between 15th May 2017 to 16th December 2017 after taking informed consent. All patients were diagnosed cases of cholelithiasis without any complications. Patients having risk factors for inability to get access to gall bladder via laparoscope and in whom the chances of conversion to open cholecystectomy were greater were not included as part of study. One group of patients underwent cholecystectomy under 3D laparoscopy while other group underwent 2D laparoscopy. Surgeons included in the study were all well-trained. The short-term outcome noted were intraoperative and postoperative complications, conversion to open, operative time, mortality and hospital stay. Visual strain and headache for the surgeon in three D laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Results: A total of one hundred forty patients were included in the study. Group-A consists of sixty two females and eleven males whereas Group-B comprised of fifty eight females and fifteen males. Eight percent of patients in Group-A whereas in Group-B two percent had gallbladder rupture. Fifteen percent of patients in Group-A whereas 5.4% from Group-B had bleeding from liver bed. One patient from Group-A had CBD (Common Bile Duct) injury. Post-operatively two (2.73%) patients from Group-A had port site bleeding. Six (8.21%) patients had port site infection in Group-A.
Conclusion: Three dimensional was found to have low incidence of intra-operative and post-operative complications compared to 2D laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3721
How to cite this:Shaikh AR, Shaikh AA, Abbasi M. Short term outcomes of three dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(1):162-166. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3721
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A collaborative approach to exercise provision for people with Parkinson’s – a feasibility and acceptability study of the PDConnect programme
Authors: Jones Julie , Alexander Lyndsay , Hancock Elizabeth , Cooper Kay 
Published: December 2020

Background: Exercise has been shown to be beneficial for people with Parkinson’s (PwP), limiting the rate of decline of motor and non-motor symptoms, with emerging evidence associating exercise with a neuroprotective effect. Current exercise provision is time-limited, and delivered in the absence of strategies to support long-term adherence to exercise. With a growing Parkinson’s population, there is a need to develop long-term sustainable approaches to exercise delivery. The primary aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a multicomponent intervention (PDConnect) aimed at promoting physical activity, and self-management for PwP. Methods: A convergent fixed parallel mixed methods design study will be undertaken. The study aims to recruit 30 PwP, who will be randomly allocated into two groups: (i) the usual care group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks delivered via Microsoft Teams. (ii) The PDConnect group will receive physiotherapy once a week for six weeks which combines exercise, education and behaviour change interventions delivered by NHS Parkinson’s specialist physiotherapists via Microsoft Teams. This will be followed by 12 weekly sessions of group exercise delivered on Microsoft Teams by fitness instructors specially trained in Parkinson’s. Participants will be then contacted by the fitness instructors once per month for three months by video conferencing to support exercise engagement. Primary feasibility data will be collected during the study, with acceptability assessed via semi-structured interviews at the end. Secondary outcomes encompassing motor, non-motor and health and well-being measures will be assessed at baseline, at six, 18, and 30 weeks. Discussion: This pilot study will establish whether PDConnect is feasible and acceptable to PwP. This will provide a platform for a larger evaluation to assess the effectiveness of PDConnect at increasing exercise participation and self-management within the Parkinson’s Community. Trial registration: Registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN11672329, 4th June 2020).
The efficacy of acupuncture as a complementary treatment for pain and anxiety after breast cancer surgery: Study protocol for a pragmatic randomized control trial
Authors: López de San Román-Fernández Cristina , Fernández-Jané Carles , Cusidó Maite , Cosata-Tutusaus Lluís 
Published: December 2020

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Fortunately, survival has improved in recent years thanks to its early detection and curative treatments such as mastectomy. However, this medical procedure is associated with a range of unwanted effects such as postoperative pain and anxiety. Some studies have reported that acupuncture could be an effective treatment to control these types of symptoms, although only few studies have been conducted on women undergoing mastectomy. Methods: This is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with blind assessors. The study will be conducted in the Breast Unit of Hospital Universitario Sagrado Corazon of Barcelona (Spain). A sample of 40 women will be recruited and randomized to receive acupuncture treatment in addition to standard care procedures, or standard care procedures alone. The main outcome, pain, will be assessed after the surgical intervention and 4, 10 and 30 days later using the numerical rating scale. Secondary outcomes include anxiety, use of analgesics, nausea, adverse effects, and surgical complications. Discussion: Acupuncture is a low-cost non-pharmacological strategy. This study will help to clarify its possible role in controlling post-mastectomy adverse effects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04608175 29/10/2020
Software tools for practical application of human nutrient requirements in food-based social science research
Authors: Schneider Kate , Herforth Anna 
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on the use of human nutrition requirements for applied social science research by non-nutrition experts. Our motivation is to provide the data and default nutrient requirements to calculate the Cost of Nutrient Adequacy (CoNA) least-cost diet meeting specified nutrient requirements. The final format of the resulting datafile is ready for use in the CoNA protocol. However, we expect this article and associated software tools to be generally useful to social science researchers interested in nutrition-related research questions and the potential implications of food systems’ changes for nutrition. We provide readily usable data files (Supplement 1) containing the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and guide non-nutrition experts through appropriate use to establish the nutrient needs and assess the adequacy of diets for populations and groups. We complement the DRIs with companion data files (Supplement 2) containing the WHO Child Growth Standards and WHO Growth References for School-Aged Children and Adolescents percentiles tables of anthropometric measures, extract the median heights and weights, and calculate median reference values for the age-sex groups consistent with the DRIs nutrient requirements. We provide calculations of energy requirements using the DRIs Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) equation and WHO growth references for all age-sex groups and physical activity levels. We also calculate the protein Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) per kilogram body weight according to the WHO growth references. For children under two, we provide nutrient needs required from food in Supplement 3. We provide Stata code and R syntax (Supplements 4 and 5) to compile the single data files into usable datasets for statistical analysis. Finally, we also provide data files (Supplement 6) with the recently proposed harmonized average values and upper levels and briefly discuss their potential application.
Hospital performance and payment: impact of integrating pay-for-performance on healthcare effectiveness in Lebanon
Authors: Khalife Jade , Ammar Walid , Emmelin Maria , El-Jardali Fadi , Ekman Bjorn 
Published: December 2020

Background: In 2014 the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health integrated pay-for-performance into setting hospital reimbursement tiers, to provide hospitalization service coverage for the majority of the Lebanese population. This policy was intended to improve effectiveness by decreasing unnecessary hospitalizations, and improve fairness by including risk-adjustment in setting hospital performance scores. Methods: We applied a systematic approach to assess the impact of the new policy on hospital performance. The main impact measure was a national casemix index, calculated across 2011-2016 using medical discharge and surgical procedure codes. A single-group interrupted time series analysis model with Newey ordinary least squares regression was estimated, including adjustment for seasonality, and stratified by case type. Code-level analysis was used to attribute and explain changes in casemix index due to specific diagnoses and procedures. Results: Our final model included 1,353,025 cases across 146 hospitals with a post-intervention lag-time of two months and seasonality adjustment. Among medical cases the intervention resulted in a positive casemix index trend of 0.11% per month (coefficient 0.002, CI 0.001-0.003), and a level increase of 2.25% (coefficient 0.022, CI 0.005-0.039). Trend changes were attributed to decreased cases of diarrhea and gastroenteritis, abdominal and pelvic pain, essential hypertension and fever of unknown origin. A shift from medium to short-stay cases for specific diagnoses was also detected. Level changes were attributed to improved coding practices, particularly for breast cancer, leukemia and chemotherapy. No impact on surgical casemix index was found. Conclusions: The 2014 policy resulted in increased healthcare effectiveness, by increasing the casemix index of hospitals contracted by the Ministry. This increase was mainly attributed to decreased unnecessary hospitalizations and was accompanied by improved medical discharge coding practices. Integration of pay-for-performance within a healthcare system may contribute to improving effectiveness. Effective hospital regulation can be achieved through systematic collection and analysis of routine data.
Objectively measured physical activity according to the periods of the day in the Pelotas Cohort
Authors: Wendt Andrea , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Ricardo Luiza I. C. , Silva Bruna Gonçalves C. da , Martins Rafaela C. , Gonçalves Helen , Reichert Felipe F. , Crochemore-Silva Inácio 
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe objectively measured physical activity (PA) in different periods of the day in young adults according to sex, socioeconomic position and during weekdays and weekends. This is a cross-sectional analysis carried out with the participants of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort at 22 years. PA was assessed by triaxial accelerometer. Descriptive analyses were performed presenting the time spent on light PA (LPA) and bouted moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) in different periods of the day (morning - 6am to 11:59 am, afternoon – 12pm to 7:59 pm and night – 8pm to 11:59pm). The present study included 2,766 individuals (48.2% male and 51.8% female). LPA was higher among women, while bouted MVPA levels were higher among men. The median of PA was higher on weekdays compared to weekends for all intensities. The bouted MVPA medians in the morning and at night were zero minutes for all days and both sexes. The richest group presented a higher percentage of individuals with zero minutes. PA may vary according to different periods of the day and intensity. The absence of PA practice was markedly influenced by sex and socioeconomic position.
Considerações exploratórias sobre a atualidade da temática do Planejamento Público: uma homenagem ao economista Celso Furtado
Authors: Sobral Bruno 
Published: December 2020

O artigo busca fazer um diálogo aberto conceitualmente com a obra de Celso Furtado e trazê-la para um exercício reflexivo independente sobre uma temática que lhe foi cara: o planejamento público. Considerando este como o exercício de elaboração e execução de planos de modernização que se reconheça a condição histórica de trajetória e garanta uma unidade de ação baseada numa dimensão participativa, alguns aspectos do planejamento serão abordados. Espera-se assim enfatizar a relação do planejamento com um grande desafio de compartilhar socialmente responsabilidades sobre a prática de gestão pública orientada pararesultados, no qual o planejamento se revela o instrumento técnico-político de transformação.
Sobre “ser mulher e mãe” em situação de rua: invisibilidade na sociedade brasileira
Authors: Moreira Tabita Aija Silva , Cavalcante Carmem Plácida Sousa , Ferreira Deyze Da Silva , Paiva Ilana Lemos de 
Published: December 2020

Este estudo apresenta como objetivo averiguar a vivência da gravidez por um casal de mulheres em situação de rua no município de Natal (RN). Trata-se de uma investigação de cunho social, cuja metodologia é definida por um estudo de caso, no qual foi utilizada a entrevista em profundidade. A literatura aponta que estas mulheres são invisibilizadas pelas políticas, sendo vistas apenas quando há associação com drogas ou criminalidade. A vivência da gestação é permeada por estigmas e preconceitos que reforçam a crença da sociedade, na incapacidade delas para exercerem a maternidade. Assim, o Estado, operando sob o modo de produção capitalista, apresenta mais mecanismos para a separação entre mãe e bebês do que de apoio para a superação da situação de rua. Os resultados sugerem que estas mulheres se organizam junto à família, aos movimentos sociais e às redes de solidariedade para resistirem à separação de seus filhos. Palavras-Chave: mulheres em situação de rua; maternidade; homomaternidade; direitos sexuais e reprodutivos; políticas públicas.
Feminismo e mulheres na resistência à ditadura brasileira de 1964-1985
Authors: Alves Maria Elaene Rodrigues 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de explicitar a participação política das mulheres na ditadura civil-militar no Brasil, tendo como referência a história do feminismo em seus vários períodos, leitura particular para se abordar a luta do movimento de mulheres no contexto ditatorial. As ações políticas das mulheres foram marcadas por recortes de classes, perspectivas teóricas distintas e formas diversas de engajamento. Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa cujo estudo se pautou em pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental no Centro de Referência das Lutas Políticas no Brasil de 1964-1985 – Arquivo Nacional do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e entrevistas com mulheres que viveram as resistências e violências na ditadura brasileira de 1964-1985. Palavras-Chave: ditadura civil-militar; política; feminismo; movimento de mulheres; relações patriarcais.
Deu ruim na hashtag! Bots e pandemia de fake news em tempos de COVID-19: o caso #FechadoComBolso(L)naro
Authors: Teixeira Marcelle Medeiros , Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro 
Published: December 2020

O texto analisa o uso da hashtag #FechadoComBolsolnaro, uma das mais disseminadas no twitter em abril de 2020. Em meio a uma crise política no seu mandato presidencial, Jair Bolsonaro vira alvo de memes em função do erro de digitação de seu sobrenome na hashtag, sugerindo o uso de bots (robôs) na tentativa de alavancar sua popularidade. Pesquisar fake news e bots mediante a utilização do método cartográfico convida a uma reflexão sobre o uso indiscriminado das redes para a formação da opinião pública, principalmente em tempos de pandemia, quando a população encontra-se mais vulnerável. Dessa forma, argumentamos que precisamos colocar em prática uma educação implicada no combate às fake news que comprometem a democracia brasileira.
As políticas de memória, verdade, justiça e reparação no primeiro ano do governo Bolsonaro: entre a negação e o desmonte | The politics of memory, truth, justice and reparation in the first year of the Bolsonaro government: between denial and dismantling
Authors: Benetti Pedro Rolo , Cateb Caio , Franco Paula , Osmo Carla 
Published: December 2020

O ano de 2019 marcou o início do primeiro governo pós-redemocratização a articular um discurso público abertamente contrário aos direitos humanos. A nova conjuntura impõe a abertura de uma nova agenda de pesquisa em torno dos discursos, estratégias políticas e recursos administrativos empregados no enfrentamento aos direitos humanos enquanto conjunto de princípios, mas também enquanto uma série de políticas públicas construídas pelo Estado brasileiro ao longo das últimas três décadas. O presente artigo pretende definir contornos para esta investigação ao explorar o caso específico do campo de memória, verdade, justiça e reparação. De fato, uma das marcas da inserção pública de Jair Bolsonaro, a exaltação à ditadura militar (1964-1985), se converteu, no primeiro ano de seu governo, em ações no sentido de reorientar os órgãos do Estado responsáveis por trabalhar com a memória e reparação das graves violações aos direitos humanos ocorridas no período autoritário por responsabilidade de agentes do Estado brasileiro.Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos; Autoritarismo; Memória, verdade e justiça.ABSTRACT2019 marked the beginning of the first post-redemocratization government to articulate a public discourse openly contrary to human rights. The new conjuncture imposes the opening of a new research agenda around the speeches, political strategies and administrative resources used to confront human rights as a set of principles, but also as a series of public policies built by the Brazilian State over the last three decades. This article intends to define outlines for this investigation by exploring the specific case of the field of memory, truth, justice and reparation. Indeed, one of the hallmarks of Jair Bolsonaro's public insertion, the exaltation of the military dictatorship (1964-1985) became, in the first year of his government, actions aimed at reorienting the State organs responsible for working with the memory and repair of serious human rights violations that occurred in the authoritarian period.Keywords: Human Rights; Authoritarianism; Memory, truth and justice. Recebido em 29 jan. 2020 | Aceito em 30 jun. 2020.
Effect of strengthening exercises in Hirayama disease: a case study
Authors: Sethi Tinu , Rawat Sushma , Munde SL 
Published: December 2020

Background/AimsThe effects of strengthening exercises in patients with Hirayama disease are not well documented. This case study examined the effect of strengthening exercises on hand functions in a patient with Hirayama disease.MethodsAn 18-year-old man with weakness in the right hand was given a hand-function strengthening programme consisting of 40 minutes of exercises, which were performed 5 days a week over an 8-week period. The patient used theraputty, a gel ball, finger dexterity board, gym kit and hand grip exerciser. The effects of the programme were evaluated using manual muscle testing, a hand-held dynamometer, pinchometer and the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test.ResultsThe patient's manual muscle testing grades improved following the strengthening programme. Results from the Dynamometer, pinchometer and Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test objectively exhibited increased muscle strength and improved hand functions.ConclusionsStrengthening exercises are effective in alleviating muscle weakness and improving hand functions associated with Hirayama disease.
Pilot trial of speed-intensive gait training on balance and walking in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Karpatkin Herb I , Benson Allison , Gardner Nolan , Leb Naomi , Ramos Nicole , Xu Huiman , Cohen Evan T 
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims Diminished walking speed and endurance is commonly experienced by individuals with multiple sclerosis. Speed-intensive gait training has led to improvements in walking speed and endurance in other neurological populations; however, its effect in persons with multiple sclerosis is unknown. This pilot study examined the feasibility, safety and efficacy of speed-intensive gait training in a sample of people with multiple sclerosis. Methods A total of eight participants (five women, median Expanded Disability Status Scale 3.5) underwent a 6-week, twice weekly speed-intensive gait training programme. Walking speed and endurance, balance and fatigue were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results Speed-intensive gait training was feasible, with excellent adherence and safety. It proved effective, with improvements in walking speed (P=0.05), walking endurance (P=0.036) and balance (P=0.041) without an increase in fatigue. Conclusions The intermittent design of speed-intensive gait training may enable individuals with multiple sclerosis to achieve higher training volumes than traditional models. Although further study is warranted, rehabilitation clinicians should consider adding speed-intensive gait training as an intervention to improve walking and balance in this patient group.
Refined Sellmeier equations for AgGaSe2 up to 18  µm
Authors: Kato Kiyoshi , Miyata Kentaro , Petrov Valentin 
Published: December 2020

We present refined Sellmeier equations for

A
g
G
a
S
e

2

that provide good reproduction of the phase-matching angles for frequency upconversion of

C
O

2

laser radiation in the 1.7652–10.5910 µm range and for frequency downconversion in the 1.85–18 µm range thus far reported in the literature.