bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle and environmental contributions to ovulatory dysfunction in women of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhang Bingqian , Zhou Wei , Shi Yuhua , Zhang Jun , Cui Linlin , Chen Zi-Jiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common reason of anovulatory infertility. Environmental factor is one of the main causes of PCOS, but its contribution to ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS remains unknown.

Methods
A total of 2217 infertile women diagnosed as PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria were recruited, including 1979 women with oligo-anovulation (OA group) and 238 women with normal -anovulation (non OA group). Besides, 279 healthy control women of reproductive age were enrolled as controls.

Results
Frequencies of snoring (PCOS-OA group, PCOS-non-OA group, control group: 29.30% vs 18.10% vs 11.50%, P < 0.01), smoking (37.70% vs 28.10% vs 12.20%, P < 0.01), plastic tableware usage (38.30% vs 28.10% vs 25.40%, P < 0.01) and indoor decoration (32.10% vs 24.80% vs 16.80%, P < 0.01) were highest in PCOS-OA group. After adjusted for multivariable, difference remained significant between PCOS-OA group and the other two groups. PCOS-OA women preferred a meat favorable diet compared to PCOS-non-OA group (54.60% vs 41.30%, P < 0.01). There was no difference between three groups in exercise, frequency of insomnia, and alcohol consumption.

Conclusions
Smoking, snoring, hyper-caloric diet, plastic tableware usage and indoor decoration were found to be associated with an increased risk for ovulatory dysfunction in women suffering from PCOS.
Experimental implantoplasty outcomes correlate with fibroblast growth in vitro
Authors: Beheshti Maal Mehrnaz , Aanerød Ellingsen Stig , Reseland Janne Elin , Verket Anders 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Implantoplasty is an option in peri-implantitis treatment, but little is known about the effect on the soft tissue. The aim of the study was to characterize surface roughness following experimental implantoplasty and to examine its effect on human fibroblast growth and secretion of selected proteins.

Methods
Titanium grade IV coins were mechanically treated with six different rotating bur sequences; diamond burs or carbide burs alone, or followed by either Arkansas stone bur or silicone burs. Machined and rough-surface sandblasted, acid-etched (SLA) coins were used as control. The surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscope and profilometer. Human gingival fibroblasts from two donors were cultured on the coins to quantify the effect on cell morphology, growth, and protein secretion by confocal microscopy and multiplex immunoassay.

Results
All surface roughness parameters were lower for the surfaces treated with experimental implantoplasty than for the SLA surface, and the sequence of carbide burs followed by silicone burs rendered the least rough surface of the test groups. The implantoplasty procedures changed the elemental composition of the titanium surface. High surface roughness showed a weak to moderate negative correlation to fibroblast growth, but induced a higher secretion of VEGF, IL-6 and MCP-3 to the cell medium compared to the least rough surfaces of the test groups. At day 30 fibronectin levels were higher in the SLA group.

Conclusions
The surface roughness following implantoplasty demonstrated a weak to moderate negative correlation with the growth of fibroblasts. The addition of Arkansas stone and silicon burs to the experimental implantoplasty bur protocol rendered an initial increase in fibroblast growth. Implantoplasty altered the elemental composition of the titanium surface, and had an effect on the fibroblast cytokine secretion and fibronectin levels.
Ethical values supporting the disclosure of incidental and secondary findings in clinical genomic testing: a qualitative study
Authors: Saelaert Marlies , Mertes Heidi , Moerenhout Tania , De Baere Elfride , Devisch Ignaas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Incidental findings (IFs) and secondary findings (SFs), being results that are unrelated to the diagnostic question, are the subject of an important debate in the practice of clinical genomic medicine. Arguments for reporting these results or not doing so typically relate to the principles of autonomy, non-maleficence and beneficence. However, these principles frequently conflict and are insufficient by themselves to come to a conclusion. This study investigates empirically how ethical principles are considered when actually reporting IFs or SFs and how value conflicts are weighed.

Methods
A qualitative focus group study has been undertaken, including a multidisciplinary group of professionals from Belgian centres for medical genetics. The data were analysed thematically.

Results
All eight Belgian centres participated in this study. Ethical values were frequently referred to for disclosure policies on IFs and SFs. Participants invoked respect for patient autonomy to support the disclosure of IFs and opt-out options for IFs and SFs, non-maleficence for the professional delineation of reportable IFs and opt-out options for IFs and SFs and (the particular scope of) beneficence for the mandatory reporting of actionable IFs, the delineation of reportable IFs and a current decline of actively pursued SFs. Professional assumptions about patients’ genetic literacy were an important factor in the weighing of values.

Conclusions
In line with the traditional bioethical discourse, the mandatory reporting of actionable IFs might be interpreted as a “technological, soft paternalism”. Restricting patients’ choices might be acceptable, but then its motives should be valid and its beneficent outcomes highly plausible. Hence, the presuppositions of technological, soft paternalism - patients’ inability to make informed decisions, normative rationality, the efficacy of beneficent outcomes and the delineated spectrum of beneficence - should be approached critically. Moreover, distributive justice should be considered an important value in the delineation of the current scope of the ethical debate on IFs and SFs.
This study of guiding values may stimulate the debate on the ethical grounds for a solid policy on IFs and SFs internationally.
Novel methodology to measure pre-procedure antimicrobial prophylaxis: integrating text searches with structured data from the Veterans Health Administration’s electronic medical record
Authors: Mull Hillary J. , Stolzmann Kelly , Kalver Emily , Shin Marlena H. , Schweizer Marin L. , Asundi Archana , Mehta Payal , Stanislawski Maggie , Branch-Elliman Westyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial prophylaxis is an evidence-proven strategy for reducing procedure-related infections; however, measuring this key quality metric typically requires manual review, due to the way antimicrobial prophylaxis is documented in the electronic medical record (EMR). Our objective was to electronically measure compliance with antimicrobial prophylaxis using both structured and unstructured data from the Veterans Health Administration (VA) EMR. We developed this methodology for cardiac device implantation procedures.

Methods
With clinician input and review of clinical guidelines, we developed a list of antimicrobial names recommended for the prevention of cardiac device infection. We trained the algorithm using existing fiscal year (FY) 2008–15 data from the VA Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking-Electrophysiology (CART-EP), which contains manually determined information about antimicrobial prophylaxis. We merged CART-EP data with EMR data and programmed statistical software to flag an antimicrobial orders or drug fills from structured data fields in the EMR and hits on text string searches of antimicrobial names documented in clinician’s notes. We iteratively tested combinations of these data elements to optimize an algorithm to accurately classify antimicrobial use. The final algorithm was validated in a national cohort of VA cardiac device procedures from FY2016–2017. Discordant cases underwent expert manual review to identify reasons for algorithm misclassification.

Results
The CART-EP dataset included 2102 procedures at 38 VA facilities with manually identified antimicrobial prophylaxis in 2056 cases (97.8%). The final algorithm combining structured EMR fields and text note search results correctly classified 2048 of the CART-EP cases (97.4%). In the validation sample, the algorithm measured compliance with antimicrobial prophylaxis in 16,606 of 18,903 cardiac device procedures (87.8%). Misclassification was due to EMR documentation issues, such as antimicrobial prophylaxis documented only in hand-written clinician notes in a format that cannot be electronically searched.

Conclusions
We developed a methodology with high accuracy to measure guideline concordant use of antimicrobial prophylaxis before cardiac device procedures using data fields present in modern EMRs. This method can replace manual review in quality measurement in the VA and other healthcare systems with EMRs; further, this method could be adapted to measure compliance in other procedural areas where antimicrobial prophylaxis is recommended.
A zooprophylaxis strategy using l-lactic acid (Abate) to divert host-seeking malaria vectors from human host to treated non-host animals
Authors: Kemibala Elison E. , Mafra-Neto Agenor , Dekker Teun , Saroli Jesse , Silva Rodrigo , Philbert Anitha , Nghabi Kija , Mboera Leonard E. G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Zooprophylaxis is a technique in which blood-seeking vectors are diverted to non-host animals in order to lower blood-feeding rates on human hosts. The success of this technique depends on the host preference of the vector being targeted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of l-lactic acid (Abate) to divert malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae from feeding on human host.

Methods
A 14-month-old female goat was treated with Abate, a formulation incorporating l-lactic acid into a slow-release matrix. This formulation was applied on the fur of the goat’s back and neck. The treated animal was then presented to Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) as a prospective host in a semi-field environment (‘mosquito sphere’) together with either an untreated animal or a human. The number of mosquitoes caught to each host choice offered were compared.

Results
Goat treated with the l-lactic acid formulation successfully attracted An. gambiae at higher rates (70.2%) than the untreated ones (29.8%). Furthermore, An. gambiae s.s. were attracted to a treated goat at an equivalent degree (47.3%) as to their preferred human host (52.7%), even when the preferred host was present in the same environment.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that human host-seeking mosquitoes can be diverted into feeding on non-preferred hosts despite the close proximity of their favoured host, hence reducing chances for the transmission of blood-borne parasites.
Whole transcriptional analysis identifies markers of B, T and plasma cell signaling pathways in the mesenteric adipose tissue associated with Crohn’s disease
Authors: da Silva Francesca Aparecida Ramos , Pascoal Lívia Bitencourt , Dotti Isabella , Setsuko Ayrizono Maria de Lourdes , Aguilar Daniel , Rodrigues Bruno Lima , Arroyes Montserrat , Ferrer-Picon Elena , Milanski Marciane , Velloso Lício Augusto , Fagundes João José , Salas Azucena , Leal Raquel Franco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCrohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The increased visceral adiposity near the affected intestinal area, of which mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) is the main component, is a feature of CD. Both protective and pathological roles have been attributed to this disease-associated tissue in CD. To understand the contribution of MAT to CD pathophysiology, a molecular and cellular signature of disease-associated MAT in CD patients was provided.MethodsWe performed an observational study with whole transcriptional analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of MAT and ileal mucosa from CD patients with active disease and controls. qPCR and immunohistology were performed for validation analysis.ResultsRNA-seq identified 17 significantly regulated genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR < 0.05) in CD-MAT compared to non-IBD controls, with a marked upregulation of plasma cell genes (i.e., IGLL5, MZB1, CD79A, POU2AF1, FCRL5, JCHAIN, DERL3, SDC1, PIM2). A less strict statistical cutoff value (|FC| > 1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05) yielded a larger list of 651 genes in CD-MAT compared to controls. CD ileum showed the significant regulation compared to control ileum of 849 genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR < 0.05) or 2654 genes (|FC| > 1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed the significant regulation of pathways related to T- and B cell functionality in the MAT of CD patients. Despite the differences between the MAT and ileal signatures of CD patients, we identified a subset of 204 genes significantly modulated in both tissues compared to controls. This common signature included genes related to the plasma cell signature. Genes such as S100A8, S100A9 (calprotectin) and IL1B, which are associated with acute inflammatory response, were exclusively regulated in the ileal mucosa of CD disease. In contrast, some genes encoding for lymphocyte receptors such as MS4A1, CD3D and CD79A were exclusively regulated in CD-MAT, exhibiting a different pattern of immune cell activation compared to the ileal mucosa in CD patients. qPCR and immunohistology confirmed the presence of large infiltrates of CD3+CD20+lymphocytes and CD138+plasma cells in CD-MAT.ConclusionOur data strongly supports the role of CD-associated MAT as a site for T-, B- and plasma cell activation, and suggests that it could also act as a reservoir of memory immune responses.
Bioinformatics-based screening of key genes for transformation of liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Chen Hao , Yuan Xin , Li Jiang Fen , Xie Yu Fang , Zhang An Zhi , Wang Xue Li , Yang Lan , Liu Chun Xia , Liang Wei Hua , Pang Li Juan , Zou Hong , Cui Xiao Bin , Shen Xi Hua , Qi Yan , Jiang Jin Fang , Gu Wen Yi , Li Feng , Hu Jian Ming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver tumour, and is closely related to liver cirrhosis. Previous studies have focussed on the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis developing into HCC, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aims of the present study were to identify key genes related to the transformation of cirrhosis into HCC, and explore the associated molecular mechanisms.

Methods
GSE89377, GSE17548, GSE63898 and GSE54236 mRNA microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analysed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and liver cirrhosis tissues, and network analysis of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) was carried out. String and Cytoscape were used to analyse modules and identify hub genes, Kaplan–Meier Plotter and Oncomine databases were used to explore relationships between hub genes and disease occurrence, development and prognosis of HCC, and the molecular mechanism of the main hub gene was probed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis.

Results
In total, 58 DEGs were obtained, of which 12 and 46 were up- and down-regulated, respectively. Three hub genes (CDKN3, CYP2C9 and LCAT) were identified and associated prognostic information was obtained. CDKN3 may be correlated with the occurrence, invasion, and recurrence of HCC. Genes closely related to changes in the CDKN3 hub gene were screened, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGGs) pathway analysis identified numerous cell cycle-related genes.

Conclusion
CDKN3 may affect the transformation of liver cirrhosis into HCC, and represents a new candidate molecular marker of the occurrence and progression of HCC.
A comparison study of metabolic profiles, immunity, and brain gray matter volumes between patients with bipolar disorder and depressive disorder
Authors: Bai Ya-Mei , Chen Mu-Hong , Hsu Ju-Wei , Huang Kai-Lin , Tu Pei-Chi , Chang Wan-Chen , Su Tung-Ping , Li Cheng Ta , Lin Wei-Chen , Tsai Shih-Jen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious individual studies have shown the differences in inflammatory cytokines and gray matter volumes between bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). However, few studies have investigated the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and differences in brain gray matter volumes between BD and UD.MethodsIn this study, 72 BD patients and 64 UD patients were enrolled, with comparable gender and age distributions (33.8% males and an average age of 39.3 ± 13.7 years). Each participant underwent metabolic profiling (including body mass index (BMI), glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), leptin, insulin, adiponectin), pro-inflammatory cytokine (including soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNF-R1) examinations, and structural magnetic resonance imaging exams. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to investigate the gray matter volume differences between BD and UD patients. Correlations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the gray matter volume difference were analyzed.ResultsCompared to UD patients, the BD group had significantly higher BMI, and higher levels of sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 than the UD patients. The BMI significantly correlated with the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, duration of illness and total intracranial volume, the BD individuals had significantly more reduced gray matter volumes over 12 areas: R. cerebellar lobule VIII, R. putamen, L. putamen, R. superior frontal gyrus, L. lingual gyrus, L. precentral gyrus, R. fusiform gyrus, L. calcarine, R. precuneus, L. inferior temporal gyrus, L. hippocampus, and L. superior frontal gyrus. These 12 gray matter volume differences between BP and UD patients negatively correlated with sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 levels.ConclusionsOur results suggested that BD patients had higher BMI and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in comparison to UD patients, especially IL-6 and sTNF-R1, which may contribute to greater gray matter reductions in BD patients in comparison to UD patients. The results support the neuro-inflammation pathophysiology mechanism in mood disorder. It is clinically important to monitor BMI, which, in this investigation, positively correlated with levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Non-inferiority of cleavage-stage versus blastocyst-stage embryo transfer in poor prognosis IVF patients (PRECiSE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Neuhausser Werner M. , Vaughan Denis A. , Sakkas Denny , Hacker Michele R. , Toth Tom , Penzias Alan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith improvements in in vitro culture techniques there has been a steady shift in practice to transfer embryos at the blastocyst stage (post fertilization day (p.f.d.) 5–7), when embryos reach the endometrial cavity during natural conception. For patients with > 5 zygotes on day 1 of embryo development, fresh blastocyst embryo transfer (ET) increases live birth rates when compared to cleavage stage (p.f.d. 3) transfer. In poorer prognosis patients (≤ 5 zygotes) cleavage stage ET is commonly performed to reduce the risk of cycle cancellation if no embryo survives to the blastocyst stage. However, there is a dearth of randomized controlled trial (RCT) data demonstrating improved live birth rates per cycle for cleavage vs blastocyst stage ET in this subgroup of patients. The hypothesis of the PRECiSE (PooR Embryo Yield Cleavage Stage Versus blaStocyst Embryo Transfer) trial is that blastocyst ET is not inferior to cleavage stage ET with regard to live birth rates per retrieval in poorer prognosis patients. The adoption of routine blastocyst culture for all patients would result in higher rates of single embryo transfers (SET), reduced incidence of multiple pregnancies and simplified laboratory protocols, thereby reducing costs.Methods/designMulticenter, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing blastocyst to cleavage stage embryo transfer in poorer prognosis patients with ≤5 zygotes on day 1 after fertilization. The primary outcome is live birth per retrieval. Secondary outcomes include: time to pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage and multiple pregnancy rate (per retrieval). This trial will enroll 658 women with ≤5 zygotes on day 1 at 6 IVF centers over the course of 22 months.DiscussionIf the hypothesis is proven true, the data from this trial may facilitate the adoption of uniform blastocyst culture in all IVF patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03764865. Registered 5 December 2019, Protocol issue date: 4 December 2018, Original.
Vocal tract anatomy of king penguins: morphological traits of two-voiced sound production
Authors: Kriesell Hannah Joy , Le Bohec Céline , Cerwenka Alexander F. , Hertel Moritz , Robin Jean-Patrice , Ruthensteiner Bernhard , Gahr Manfred , Aubin Thierry , Düring Daniel Normen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe astonishing variety of sounds that birds can produce has been the subject of many studies aiming to identify the underlying anatomical and physical mechanisms of sound production. An interesting feature of some bird vocalisations is the simultaneous production of two different frequencies. While most work has been focusing on songbirds, much less is known about dual-sound production in non-passerines, although their sound production organ, the syrinx, would technically allow many of them to produce “two voices”. Here, we focus on the king penguin, a colonial seabird whose calls consist of two fundamental frequency bands and their respective harmonics. The calls are produced during courtship and for partner and offspring reunions and encode the birds’ identity. We dissected, μCT-scanned and analysed the vocal tracts of six adult king penguins from Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago.ResultsKing penguins possess a bronchial type syrinx that, similarly to the songbird’s tracheobronchial syrinx, has two sets of vibratory tissues, and thus two separate sound sources. Left and right medial labium differ consistently in diameter between 0.5 and 3.2%, with no laterality between left and right side. The trachea has a conical shape, increasing in diameter from caudal to cranial by 16%. About 80% of the king penguins’ trachea is medially divided by a septum consisting of soft elastic tissue (septum trachealis medialis).ConclusionsThe king penguins’ vocal tract appears to be mainly adapted to the life in a noisy colony of a species that relies on individual vocal recognition. The extent between the two voices encoding for individuality seems morphologically dictated by the length difference between left and right medial labium. The septum trachealis medialis might support this extent and could therefore be an important anatomical feature that aids in the individual recognition process.