bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Dampak Ekologis Proyek ODA Jepang di Indonesia dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Dunia Berkelanjutan (2012-2018)
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Citra Kusuma 
Published: June 2020

Japan is the biggest donor for Indonesia. Under bilateral cooperation, Japan has actively sent foreign aids to Indonesia within the framework of Official Development Assistance (ODA) since 1960s. By receiving assistance worth 45% of the total foreign aid received by Indonesia, Japan is also considered important in various Indonesian national development programs. Along with the commitment to support Sustainable Development Goals, Japan also contributes in funding various projects which aim to increase the environmental quality and sustainability of Indonesia. Although not all Japanese assistance to Indonesia is specifically aimed at addressing environmental issues, it cannot be denied that every Japanese ODA project has its own ecological impact on Indonesia.Departing from the case, the author will analyze the extent to which Japanese foreign aid to Indonesia has an impact on environmental conditions in Indonesia. The author groups Japanese ODA projects in five categories, namely: (1) environmental strictly defined (ESD); (2) environmental broadly defined (ESD); (3) neutral (N); (4) dirty broadly defined (DBD); and (5) dirty strictly defined (DSD). Based on the data collected, the authors found that the Japanese ODA project had varied ecological impacts for Indonesia. Therefore, the authors argue that Japanese ODA projects in Indonesia not only have positive implications, but also negative implications for the environment.
PENGENALAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN UKS DI TK DHARMA WANITA PERSATUAN 09 DUKUH GAMPINGAN, PAGAK, KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Setyowati Lilis , Kurnia Anggraini Dwi 
Published: June 2020

Pendahuluan: Taman kanak-kanak adalah ujung tombak pendidikan paling dasar bagi anak-anak, dengan pengenalan kesehatan sedini mungkin dengan program UKS. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan penjelasan UKS Sejak Dini Anak Usia Dini Tk Dharma Wanita Persatuan 09, Pagak, Kabupaten Malang. Metode: Metode implementasi yang dilakukan dalam program pengabdian ini adalah: 1) peningkatan dan pemahaman UKS untuk guru dan siswa. 2) pelatihan untuk menjadi perawat kecil, pendampingan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas manajemen UKS untuk meningkatkan kesehatan siswa. 3) pengenalan PHBS untuk siswa. Kegiatan itu diadakan tiga pertemuan. Hasil: Hasil kegiatan ini menambah pengetahuan dan antusiasme guru dan siswa dalam melakukan kegiatan UKS. Kegiatan ini menghasilkan data dari siswa tentang kesehatan dan kebersihan telinga, kuku, dan identifikasi gizi siswa. Data diperoleh dari 20 siswa yang terdiri dari TK A 6 siswa, dan TK B 14, 65% siswa TK A dan B dengan status normal, 25% obesitas, dan 10% hampir kekurangan gizi. Kondisi kebersihan telinga dan kuku adalah 75% bersih, sedangkan sisanya tidak menyadari untuk membersihkan telinga dan kuku mereka. Kesimpulan: Kegiatan pendampingan dan pelatihan ini merupakan kegiatan preventif yang dapat memberikan bekal yang cukup bagi kader Percil saat dihadapkan dapat diaplikasikan pada kehidupan sehari-hari.
PIDANA PELATIHAN KERJA PENGGANTI DENDA YANG BERKEMANFAATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN ANAK
Authors: Aprilianda Nurini 
Published: June 2020

Tulisan merupakan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk : (1) menggali dan menganalisis ratio legis pembentuk undang-undang menetapkan pidana pelatihan kerja sebagai pengganti denda bagi ana, dan : (2) menawarkan konsep pidana pelatihan kerja sebagai pengganti denda yangberkemanfaatan dalam perspektif perlindungan anak. Untuk menjawab tujuan tyersebut, digunakan metode penelitian normatf, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ratio legis penetapan pidana pelatihan kerja sebagai pengganti denda dalam Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak adalah sebagai berikut: (1)( pidana denda tidak dikenakan pada anak-anak di bawah umum, karena asumsinya mereka belum bekerja. Bila denda dijatuhkan pasti yang akan membayar adalah orangtuanya. Oleh sebab itu, tidak ada pidana denda di dalam Undang-Undang ini. (2) diharapkan agar lebih baik anak sendiri bertanggung jawab terjhadap perbuatan yang dilakukannya. Oleh karena itu, mungkin karena anak tidak bisa bekerja atau tidak punya uang, harus dicari alternatif lain supaya anak merasa dia bertanggung jawab terhadap perbuatannya yaitu pelatihan kerja. Selanjutnya, konsep pidana pelatihan kerja sebagai pengganti denda bagi anak yang berkemanfaatan adalah berikut ini. (1) Pidana pelatihan kerja sebagai pengganti denda bagi anak yang diberikan harus meminta pertimbangan dari anak, pertimbangan yang diberikan anak berkaitan dengan bakat dan minat anak; (2) Pidana pelatihan kerja sebagai pengganti denda bagi anak harus memp[erhatikan prinsip perlindungan anak sebagaimana tertuang dalam UU Perlindungan Anak dan UU SPPA dan juga harus sesuai dengan tujuan peradilan anak. (3) Pidana pelatihan kerja sebagai pengganti denda bagi anak harus dilaksanakan oleh lembaga yang berwenang dan berkompeten sesuai dengan bakat dan minat anak sehingga memberikan manfaat bagi anak.
PENGUATAN REGULASI PENGHAPUSAN PENCATATAN EFEK OLEH BURSA ( FORCED DELISTING) : UPAYA MENCIPTAKAN PERDAGANGAN YANG TERATUR, WAJAR DAN EFISIEN.
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti , Handayani Tri 
Published: June 2020

Regulasi pasar modal mengatur bahwa Bursa berkewajiban menciptakan perdagangan yang teratur, wajar dan efisien. Maknanya, perdagangan dilakukan berdasarkan aturan yang jelas dan dilaksanakan secara konsisten, dengan demikian harga yang terjadi mencerminkan mekanisme pasar berdasarkan kekuatan permintaan dan penawaran. Perdagangan efek yang efisien tercermin dalam penyelesaian transaksi yang cepat dengan biaya yang relatifmurah. Selain itu, salah satu tujuan regulasi pasar modal adalah perlindungan investor. Salah satunya adalah kewenangan Bursa untuk melakukan penghapusan saham Perusahaan Tercatat dari Daftar Efek di Bursa (forced delisting) apabila Perusahaan Tercatat mengalami kondisi atau peristiwa signifikan yang berpengaruh negatif baik secara finansial maupun hukum , atau terhadap kelangsungan usaha Perusahaan Tercatat sebagai Perusahaan Terbuka. Saat ini, regulasi forced delistingdianggap belum memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi investor. Salah satu kendalanya adalah tidak dikenalnya mekanisme pembelian saham kembali oleh Perusahaan Tercatat. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penguatan regulasi forced delistingagar tujuan perdagangan yang teratur, wajar, dan efisien serta perlindungan investor dapat terpenuhi. Penguatan regulasi forced delistingperlu mengakomodasikan beberapa hal yaitu : adanya pengaturan tentang status Perusahaan Tercatat sebagai Perusahaan Terbuka menjadi Perusahaan (PT) setelah proses forced delisting(proses goingprivate); penghapusan saham dari Daftar Efek di KSEI, pengaturan mengenai pembelian kembali saham serta tanggung jawab dari Pemegang Saham Pengendali.
Experimental Investigation on Separation Behavior of Heavy-Oil Emulsion for Polymer Flooding on Alaska North Slope
Authors: Chang Hongli , Zhang Yin , Dandekar Abhijit , Ning Samson , Barnes John , Edwards Reid , Schulpen Walbert , Cercone David P. , Ciferno Jared 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The first-ever field pilot on Alaska North Slope (ANS) to validate using polymer floods for heavy-oil enhanced oil recovery is currently ongoing. One of the major concerns of the operator is the effect of polymer on oil/water-separation efficiency after polymer breakthrough. This work investigates the influence of polymer on the separation behavior of heavy-oil emulsions and evaluates the performance of emulsion breakers (EBs). In this study, two types of heavy-oil emulsions were prepared and tested at 20 and 50% water cut (WC), respectively. The bottle test method was used in the experiments, in which the separated water volume with time, the separated water quality, and the volume fraction of phases were recorded. Results showed that polymer accelerated the oil/water separation acting as an emulsion inhibitor at 20% WC but tended to impede the water separation at 50% WC. Regardless of WC, polymer resulted in poor water quality and the formation of a stable intermediate oil in water (o/w) emulsion, because of the increased viscosity of the water phase. The performance of EBs showed a complex dependency on the WC, the type of demulsifier and dosage, and the polymer concentration. Despite the varied conditions encountered in the heavy-oil/water/polymer/demulsifier system, a compound EB achieved satisfactory demulsification performance, showing the highest potential for deployment in the current ANS polymer flooding pilot. In this paper, we systematically studied the potential influence of polymer breakthrough on the separation behavior of heavy-oil emulsion on ANS for the first time. The findings of this study will provide practical guidance in advance for produced fluid treatment of the ongoing first-ever polymer flooding pilot on ANS.
Predicting Lithology-Controlled Stress Variations in the Woodford Shale from Well Log Data via Viscoplastic Relaxation
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Zoback Mark D. 
Published: June 2020

Summary
We report here a study of lithology-controlled stress variations observed in the Woodford shale (WDFD) in north-central Oklahoma. In a previous study, we showed that the magnitude of the minimum horizontal stress Shmin systematically varied with the abundance of clay plus kerogen in three distinct WDFD lithofacies. In this study, we demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively estimate the observed stress variations using elastic properties determined from well logs as proxies for laboratory-inferred parameters via a relatively simple viscoplastic constitutive relationship. The modeled variations of Shmin along the two horizontal wells that encounter the three lithofacies along their respective well trajectory are in good agreement with measured values obtained from multistage hydraulic fracturing (HF). We believe that the application of the workflow described here in the context of viscoplastic stress relaxation can facilitate the understanding of layer-to-layer stress variations with lithology and thus contribute to improved HF effectiveness.
Applying Reservoir-Engineering Methods to Well-Placement Optimization Algorithms for Improved Performance
Authors: Alrashdi Zaid , Stephen Karl D. 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Optimization is an essential task for field development planning because it has the potential to increase the economic value of the project. Because of advancements in technology, optimization is now shifting from manual to automated schemes. However, because of the complexity and high dimensionality of the problem of field-development optimization, the automated scheme receives less attention. In this paper, we demonstrate an increased efficiency of optimization algorithms in well-placement problems by application of reservoir-engineering practices. Analytical and empirical solutions to the flow equations as developed for reservoir engineering are added to the algorithm to improve the sampling efficiency of the algorithm. The main engineering methods that have been applied in this project are Buckley-Leverett (BL) and decline curve analysis (DCA). We begin by modifying and validating these analytical functions for different reservoir and well conditions. They are then applied in two stages: the initialization stage and optimization stage. In the former stage, numerous samples are created and evaluated by these analytical functions to identify good candidates for the initial population of the optimization algorithm. In the latter stage, these functions are used as a proxy model of the full simulation. The proposed algorithm is compared with a base-case approach in which no engineering-based analytical functions are used. The use of these engineering aspects is shown to be useful in both stages. The results also show that considerable computation time can be saved by applying these engineering aspects.
Genome compartmentalization predates species divergence in the plant pathogen genus Zymoseptoria
Authors: Feurtey Alice , Lorrain Cecile , Croll Daniel , Eschenbrenner Christoph , Freitag Michael , Habig Michael , Haueisen Janine , Möller Mareike , Schotanus Klaas , Stukenbrock Eva H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Antagonistic co-evolution can drive rapid adaptation in pathogens and shape genome architecture. Comparative genome analyses of several fungal pathogens revealed highly variable genomes, for many species characterized by specific repeat-rich genome compartments with exceptionally high sequence variability. Dynamic genome structure may enable fast adaptation to host genetics. The wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici with its highly variable genome, has emerged as a model organism to study genome evolution of plant pathogens. Here, we compared genomes of Z. tritici isolates and of sister species infecting wild grasses to address the evolution of genome composition and structure. Results: Using long-read technology, we sequenced and assembled genomes of Z. ardabiliae, Z. brevis, Z. pseudotritici and Z. passerinii, together with two isolates of Z. tritici. We report a high extent of genome collinearity among Zymoseptoria species and high conservation of genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures of compartmentalization. We identify high gene content variability both within and between species. In addition, such variability is mainly limited to the accessory chromosomes and accessory compartments. Despite strong host specificity and non-overlapping host-range between species, predicted effectors are mainly shared among Zymoseptoria species, yet exhibiting a high level of presence-absence polymorphism within Z. tritici. Using in planta transcriptomic data from Z. tritici, we suggest different roles for the shared orthologs and for the accessory genes during infection of their hosts. Conclusion: Despite previous reports of high genomic plasticity in Z. tritici, we describe here a high level of conservation in genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic composition and structure across the genus Zymoseptoria. The compartmentalized genome allows the maintenance of a functional core genome co-occurring with a highly variable accessory genome.
Spatial and temporal patterns of Ross River virus in South East Queensland, Australia: identification of hot spots at the rural-urban interface
Authors: Murphy Amanda K. , Clennon Julie A. , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Jansen Cassie C. , Frentiu Francesca D. , Hafner Louise M. , Hu Wenbiao , Devine Gregor J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Ross River virus (RRV) is responsible for the most common vector-borne disease of humans reported in Australia. The virus circulates in enzootic cycles between multiple species of mosquitoes, wildlife reservoir hosts and humans. Despite regular outbreaks, ongoing morbidity and substantial economic costs, the underlying determinants of epidemics remain unclear. Public health concern about RRV has recently increased due to rising incidence rates in Australian urban centres, along with increased circulation in Pacific Island countries. Australia experienced its largest recorded outbreak of 9,544 cases in 2015, with the majority reported from South East Queensland (SEQ). We aimed to provide a detailed analysis of disease trends and explore potential links between disease patterns and transmission pathways of RRV. Methods: We assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of notified RRV cases, and associated epidemiological features in SEQ, from 2001-2016. This included fine-scale analysis of disease patterns across the suburbs of the capital city of Brisbane, and those of 8 adjacent Local Government Areas, and host spot analyses to identify locations with significantly high incidence. Results: The mean annual incidence rate for the region was 41/100,000 with a consistent seasonal peak in cases between February and May. The highest RRV incidence was in adults aged from 30-64 years (mean incidence rate: 59/100,000), and females had higher incidence rates than males (mean incidence rates: 44/100,000 and 34/100,000, respectively). Spatial patterns of disease were heterogeneous between years, and there was a wide distribution of disease across both urban and rural areas of SEQ. Overall, the highest incidence rates were reported from predominantly rural suburbs to the north of Brisbane City, with significant hot spots located in peri-urban suburbs where residential, agricultural and conserved natural land use types intersect. Conclusions: Although RRV is endemic across all of SEQ, transmission is most concentrated in areas where urban and peri-urban environments intersect. The drivers of RRV transmission across rural-urban landscapes should be prioritised for further investigation, including identification of specific vectors and hosts that mediate human spillover.
Comparison of different feedback modalities for the training of procedural skills in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery: a blinded, randomized and controlled study
Authors: Seifert Lukas Benedikt , Herrera-Vizcaino Carlos , Herguth Philipp , Sterz Jasmina , Sader Robert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The feedback given to students plays an important role concerning their efficiency related to learning practical skills. In the present literature, diverse feedback modalities have been investigated. Our hypothesis is that individualized and unsupervised video feedback can produce a similar learning experience as performing practical skills in the setting of oral and maxillofacial surgery as conventional direct expert feedback (control group). Methods: This prospective, randomized, controlled and blinded study compared direct expert feedback (DEF), individualized video feedback (IVF) and unsupervised video feedback (UVF). The participants were fourth-year dental students from University Goethe in Frankfurt. The students were assigned to one of the three feedback methods (n = 20) using simple randomization. All of the participants received an instruction video for an interdental (‘Ernst’) ligature and periphery venous catheterization. Subsequently, the students were video recorded performing the tasks by themselves (pre-test). Following this, every student received feedback using one of the above-mentioned modalities of feedback. The participants then performed the same task again while being video recorded (post-test) to measure the acquired competence. Six weeks later, the students participated in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) where their long-term knowledge retention was evaluated. All of the examiners were blinded regarding the students’ instructional approach and their affiliation in terms of learning group. Results: For the interdental ligature, significant performance improvements for each feedback modality between the pre-test and post-test were found (p <0.001). The comparison between each group in the post-test showed no significant differences between the three groups (p = 0.33). All groups showed a satisfying level of knowledge retention from the post-test through to the long-term knowledge retention test. Conclusion: This study showed that IVF and UVF can be considered an alternative or adjunct to conventional methods (i.e. DEF) when learning procedural skills in oral and maxillofacial surgery as no quantitative difference was found between them in the short- and long-term.
Multiple Imputation with Missing Indicators as Proxies for Unmeasured Variables: Simulation Study
Authors: Sperrin Matthew , Martin Glen P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background : Within routinely collected health data, missing data for an individual might provide useful information in itself. This occurs, for example, in the case of electronic health records, where the presence or absence of data is informative. While the naive use of missing indicators to try to exploit such information can introduce bias, its use in conjunction with multiple imputation may unlock the potential value of missingness to reduce bias in causal effect estimation, particularly in missing not at random scenarios and where missingness might be associated with unmeasured confounders. Methods: We conducted a simulation study to determine when the use of a missing indicator, combined with multiple imputation, would reduce bias for causal effect estimation, under a range of scenarios including unmeasured variables, missing not at random, and missing at random mechanisms. We use directed acyclic graphs and structural models to elucidate a variety of causal structures of interest. We handled missing data using complete case analysis, and multiple imputation with and without missing indicator terms. Results: We find that multiple imputation combined with a missing indicator gives minimal bias for causal effect estimation in most scenarios. In particular the approach: 1) does not introduce bias in missing (completely) at random scenarios; 2)reduces bias in missing not at random scenarios where the missing mechanism depends on the missing variable itself; and 3) may reduce or increase bias when unmeasured confounding is present. Conclusion : In the presence of missing data, careful use of missing indicators, combined with multiple imputation, can improve causal effect estimation when missingness is informative, and is not detrimental when missingness is at random.
Associations between high triglycerides and arterial stiffness in a population-based sample: Results from the Kardiovize 2030 study
Authors: Pavlovska Iuliia , Kunzova Sarka , Jakubik Juraj , Hruskova Jana , Skladana Maria , Rivas-Serna Irma Magaly , Medina-Inojosa Jose R. , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Vysoky Robert , Geda Yonas E. , Stokin Gorazd B. , González-Rivas Juan P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background : The term arterial stiffness (ArSt) describes structural changes in arterial wall related to the loss of elasticity and is known as an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The evidence relating to ArSt and triglycerides (TG) shows contradictory results. This paper means to survey the association between high TG and ArSt, utilizing the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Methods : Subjects aged between 25 and 64 years from a random population-based sample were evaluated between 2013-2016. Data from questionnaires, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were collected and analyzed. CAVI was measured using VaSera VS-1500N devise. Subjects with a history of CVD or chronic renal disease were excluded. Results : 1934 participants, 44.7 % of males, were included. The median age was 48 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 19) years, TG levels were 1.05 (0.793) mmol/L, and CAVI 7.24 (1.43) points. Prevalence of high CAVI was 10.0 % (14.5 % in males and 6.4 % in females; P < 0.001) and prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 20.2 % (29.2 % in males and 13 % in females; P <0.001). Correlation between TG and CAVI was 0.136 ( P <0.001). High CAVI values were more prevalent among participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS), high blood pressure, dysglycemia, abdominal obesity, high LDL-cholesterol, and high total cholesterol. Using binary regression analysis, high TG were associated with high CAVI, even after adjustment for other MetS components, age, gender, smoking status, LDL-c, and statin treatment (β=0.474, OR= 1.607, 95 % CI = 1.063-2.429, P =0.024). Conclusion : TG levels were correlated with ArSt, measured as CAVI. High TG was associated with high CAVI independent of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. Awareness of the risks and targeted treatment of hypertriglyceridemia could further benefit in reducing the prevalence of CVD and events.