bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of neuropsychiatric comorbidities and their clinical characteristics in Chinese children with asthma using the MINI kid tool
Authors: Zhou Hao , Chen Zhihe , Zhao Weiqing , Liu Ye , Cui Yuxia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
The mental health and quality of life in children with asthma have attracted widespread attention. This study focused on the evaluation of mental health conditions and their clinical characteristics in Chinese children with asthma.

Methods
A total of 261 children with asthma aged 6 to 16 years old and 261 age- and gender-matched children from the general population were recruited to participate in this study from Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital. The parents of all subjects were interviewed using the MINI Kid and were required to finish a clinical characteristics questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors.

Results
The prevalence of mental health conditions in the asthma group was significantly higher than that in the control group (26.4% vs 14.6%, P < 0.001). A total of 10 mental health conditions was identified in the asthma group, the most common of which was ADHD (11.5%; 30/261), followed by oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (10.7%; 28/261), separation anxiety disorder (6.1%; 16/261), social anxiety disorder (3.8%; 10/261), specific phobias (2.3%; 6/261), agoraphobia without panic (1.5%; 4/261), (mild) manic episodes (1.1%; 3/261), major depressive episodes (MDEs) (0.8%; 2/261), movement (tic) disorder (0.8%; 2/261), and dysthymia (0.4%; 1/261). A total of 6 neuropsychiatric conditions was detected in the control group, including ODD (5.7%; 15/261), ADHD (4.6%; 12/261), social anxiety disorder (3.1%; 8/261), seasonal anxiety disorder (SAD) (2.3%; 6/261), specific phobias (1.1%; 3/261), and agoraphobia without panic (0.4%; 1/261). The prevalence rates of ODD, ADHD, and SAD differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that severe persistent asthma (OR = 3.077, 95% CI 1.286–7.361), poor asthma control (OR = 2.005, 95% CI 1.111–3.619), and having asthma for > 3 years (OR = 2.948, 95% CI 1.580–5.502) were independent risk factors for the presence of mental health conditions in asthmatic children.

Conclusions
Children with asthma have a higher rate of mental health conditions than non-asthmatic children. Standardized diagnosis and treatment may help reduce the risk of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Experimental Listeria–Tetrahymena–Amoeba food chain functioning depends on bacterial virulence traits
Authors: Pushkareva Valentina I. , Podlipaeva Julia I. , Goodkov Andrew V. , Ermolaeva Svetlana A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome pathogenic bacteria have been developing as a part of terrestrial and aquatic microbial ecosystems. Bacteria are consumed by bacteriovorous protists which are readily consumed by larger organisms. Being natural predators, protozoa are also an instrument for selection of virulence traits in bacteria. Moreover, protozoa serve as a “Trojan horse” that deliver pathogens to the human body. Here, we suggested that carnivorous amoebas feeding on smaller bacteriovorous protists might serve as “Troy” themselves when pathogens are delivered to them with their preys. A dual role might be suggested for protozoa in the development of traits required for bacterial passage along the food chain.ResultsA model food chain was developed. Pathogenic bacteriaL. monocytogenesor related saprophytic bacteriaL. innocuaconstituted the base of the food chain, bacteriovorous ciliateTetrahymena pyriformiswas an intermediate consumer, and carnivorous amoebaAmoeba proteuswas a consumer of the highest order. The population ofA. proteusdemonstrated variations in behaviour depending on whether saprophytic or virulentListeriawas used to feed the intermediate consumer,T. pyriformis. Feeding ofA. proteuswithT. pyriformisthat grazed on saprophytic bacteria caused prevalence of pseudopodia-possessing hungry amoebas. Statistically significant prevalence of amoebas with spherical morphology typical for fed amoebas was observed when pathogenicL. monocytogeneswere included in the food chain. Moreover, consumption of tetrahymenas fed with saprophyticL. innocuaimproved growth ofA. proteuspopulation whileL. monocytogenes-filled tetrahymenas provided negative effect. Both pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria were delivered toA. proteusalive but onlyL. monocytogenesmultiplied within amoebas. Observed differences inA. proteuspopulation behaviour suggested that virulentL. monocytogenesmight slow down restoration ofA. proteusability to hunt again and thus restrict the size ofA. proteuspopulation. Comparison of isogenic bacterial pairs that did or did not produce the haemolysin listeriolysin O (LLO) suggested a role for LLO in passingL. monocytogenesalong the food chain.ConclusionsOur results support the idea of protozoa as a means of pathogen delivery to consumers of a higher order and demonstrated a dual role of protozoa as both a “Trojan horse” and “Troy.”
Blow-up for the sixth-order multidimensional generalized Boussinesq equation with arbitrarily high initial energy
Authors: Hao Jianghao , Gao Aiyuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the sixth-order multidimensional generalized Boussinesq equation with double damping terms. By using the improved convexity method combined with Fourier transform, we show the finite time blow-up of solution with arbitrarily high initial energy.
Enzymatic defluorination of fluorinated compounds
Authors: Seong Hyeon Jeong , Kwon Seong Woo , Seo Dong-Cheol , Kim Jin-Hyo , Jang Yu-Sin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFluorine-containing compounds are widely used because they have properties required in textiles and coatings for electronic, automotive, and outdoor products. However, fluorinated compounds do not easily break down in nature, which has resulted in their accumulation in the environment as well as the human body. Recently, the enzymatic defluorination of fluorine-containing compounds has gained increasing attention. Here, we review the enzymatic defluorination reactions of fluorinated compounds. Furthermore, we review the enzyme engineering strategies for cleaving C–F bonds, which have the highest dissociation energy found in organic compounds.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystal extracted from Calotropis procera biomass
Authors: Song Kaili , Zhu Xiaoji , Zhu Weiming , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCalotropis procera fiber (CPF) is the fruit fiber of C. procera and belongs to a typical cellulosic fiber. In this study, Calotropis procera fiber (CPF) was first purified in the pretreatment process including delignification and bleaching before the isolation of cellulose nanocrystal. Chemical composition of Calotropis procera fiber was determined according to TAPPI standard method. It was composed of 64.0 wt% cellulose, 19.5 wt% hemicelluloses, and 9.7 wt% of lignin. The morphology of the Calotropis procera fiber and fiber after each pretreatment process was also investigated. Cellulose nanocrystal was extracted by classical sulfuric acid hydrolysis of the pretreated Calotropis procera fiber. TEM and SEM were used to analyze the morphologies of the obtained CNC. The crystallinity, thermal stability and suspension stability of the CNC were also investigated. The interesting results proved that this under-utilized biomass could be exploited as a new source of cellulose raw material for the production of cellulose nanocrystal.
Study protocol: design and rationale for an exploratory phase II randomized controlled trial to determine optimal vitamin D3 supplementation strategies for acute fracture healing
Authors:   on behalf of the Vita-Shock Investigators, Sprague Sheila , Bzovsky Sofia , Connelly Daniel , Thabane Lehana , Adachi Jonathan D. , Slobogean Gerard P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have found that 75% of healthy adult fracture patients (ages 18–50) have serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels < 30 ng/mL. Although lower serum 25(OH)D levels have yet to be correlated to fracture healing complications or poor fracture outcomes, many orthopedic surgeons are routinely prescribing vitamin D supplements to improve fracture healing in healthy non-osteoporotic patients. To address this gap in the literature, we propose a phase II exploratory randomized controlled trial comparing three vitamin D3dosing regimens for early surrogate treatment response.MethodsWe will conduct a 4-arm blinded exploratory phase II trial in 96 adults aged 18–50 years with a closed or low-grade open (Gustilo type I or II) tibial or femoral shaft fracture. Eligible patients will be randomized in equal allocation ratio of 1:1:1:1 to one of the treatment groups: (1) 150,000 IU loading dose vitamin D3plus daily dose placebo; (2) loading dose placebo plus 4000 IU vitamin D3per day, (3) loading dose placebo plus 600 IU vitamin D3per day, or (4) loading dose placebo plus daily dose placebo. The primary outcome is fracture healing, assessed as follows: (1) clinical fracture healing measured using the Function IndeX for Trauma, (2) radiographic fracture healing measured using the Radiographic Union Score for Tibial fractures, and (3) biological fracture healing measured using serum levels of cross-linked C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and amino-terminal procollagen propeptides of collagen type I. The main secondary outcome will be assessed by measuring serum 25(OH)D levels. All outcome analyses will be exploratory and adhere to the intention-to-treat principle. Per-protocol sensitivity analyses will also be conducted.DiscussionStudy results will be disseminated through a publication in an academic journal and presentations at orthopedic conferences. Study results will inform dose selection for a large definitive randomized controlled trial and provide preliminary clinical data on which dose may improve acute fracture healing outcomes in healthy adult patients (18–50 years) at 3 months.Trial registrationVita-Shock (A Blinded Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine Optimal Vitamin D3Supplementation Strategies for Acute Fracture Healing) was registered atClinicalTrials.gov(identifierNCT02786498) prior to enrollment of participants.
Clinical course and need for hospital admission after lithium discontinuation in patients with bipolar disorder type I or II: mirror-image study based on the LiSIE retrospective cohort
Authors: Öhlund Louise , Ott Michael , Bergqvist Malin , Oja Sofia , Lundqvist Robert , Sandlund Mikael , Renberg Ellinor Salander , Werneke Ursula 
Published: November 2019

Background
Currently, the evidence for lithium as a maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder type II (BD-II) remains limited. Guidelines commonly extrapolate recommendations for BD-II from available evidence for bipolar disorder type I (BD-I). Comparing the impact of lithium discontinuation is one way of assessing effectiveness in both groups.

Aims
To compare the impact of lithium discontinuation on hospital admissions and self-harm in patients with BD-I or schizoaffective disorder (SZD) and patients with BD-II or other bipolar disorder.

Method
Mirror-image study, examining hospital admissions within 2 years before and after lithium discontinuation in both patient groups. This study was part of a retrospective cohort study (LiSIE) into effects and side-effects of lithium for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder as compared with other mood stabilisers.

Results
For the whole sample, the mean number of admissions/patient/review period doubled from 0.44 to 0.95 (P<0.001) after lithium discontinuation. The mean number of bed days/patient/review period doubled from 11 to 22 (P = 0.025). This increase in admissions and bed days was exclusively attributable to patients with BD-I/SZD. Not having consulted with a doctor prior to lithium discontinuation or no treatment with an alternative mood stabiliser at the time of lithium discontinuation led to more admissions.

Conclusions
The higher relapse risk in patients with BD-I/SZD suggests a higher threshold for discontinuing lithium than for patients with BD-II/other bipolar disorder. In patients with BD-II/other bipolar disorder, however, judged on the impact of discontinuation alone, lithium did not appear to prevent more severe depressive episodes requiring hospital admission.
Outcomes of Refractory and Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma With Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Wali Rabia , Saeed Haleema , Patrus Naveed , Javed Shehla , Khan Saadiya Javed 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSEHodgkin lymphoma is the most common cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults. Overall survival is approximately 80% to 90%. A subset of these patients has refractory disease or experience disease relapse. Conventional salvage therapies and autologous stem-cell transplantation is usually considered the standard of care for these patients. Our analysis reports outcomes in these patients.PATIENTS AND METHODSAfter institutional review board approval, a retrospective analysis of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma who were up to 18 years of age and who had refractory or relapsed disease at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre from September 2009 to December 2013 was performed. Patients who underwent high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem-cell rescue were included in this analysis.RESULTSA total of 567 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma registered at the hospital. Sixty of the patients (10.6%) had either primary progressive or refractory disease or relapse after finishing with first-line chemotherapy. High-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell was administered to 25 of these patients (42%). Thirteen patients (40%) had progressive disease (PD), five (22%) had early relapse, and seven (38%) had late relapse. A number of salvage regimens were used, including etoposide, prednisolone, ifosfamide, and cisplatin; dexamethasone, cytarabine, and carboplatin; and gemcitabine plus vinorelbine. Re-evaluation was performed before taking patients to a high dose, and it showed complete response in 17 patients (68%), partial response in six patients (24%), and PD in two patients (8%). Twenty-one patients (84%) are in remission after transplantation, with two patients (8%) having died as a result of disease progression and two patients (2%) having relapsed after treatment. Overall survival is 92% at 4 years, with event-free survival of 80% at 4 years.CONCLUSIONOur retrospective analysis shows good outcomes in patients who had PD or refractory disease. Disease response before transplantation is important in predicting outcomes.
The adaptor proteins HAP1a and GRIP1 collaborate to activate the kinesin-1 isoform KIF5C
Authors: Twelvetrees Alison E. , Lesept Flavie , Holzbaur Erika L. F. , Kittler Josef T. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Binding of motor proteins to cellular cargoes is regulated by adaptor proteins. HAP1 and GRIP1 are kinesin-1 adaptors that have been implicated individually in the transport of vesicular cargoes in the dendrites of neurons. We find that HAP1a and GRIP1 form a protein complex in the brain, and co-operate to activate the kinesin-1 subunit KIF5C in vitro. Based upon this co-operative activation of kinesin-1, we propose a modification to the kinesin activation model that incorporates stabilisation of the central hinge region known to be critical to autoinhibition of kinesin-1.
A retention–release mechanism based on RAB11FIP2 for AMPA receptor synaptic delivery during long-term potentiation
Authors: Royo María , Gutiérrez Yolanda , Fernández-Monreal Mónica , Gutiérrez-Eisman Silvia , Jiménez Raquel , Jurado Sandra , Esteban José A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
It is well­-established that Rab11-dependent recycling endosomes drive the activity-dependent delivery of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) into synapses during long-term potentiation (LTP). Nevertheless, the molecular basis for this specialized function of recycling endosomes is still unknown. Here, we have investigated RAB11FIP2 (FIP2 hereafter) as a potential effector of Rab11-dependent trafficking during LTP in rat hippocampal slices. Surprisingly, we found that FIP2 operates independently from Rab11 proteins, and acts as a negative regulator of AMPAR synaptic trafficking. Under basal conditions, FIP2 associates with AMPARs at immobile compartments, separately from recycling endosomes. Using shRNA-mediated knockdown, we found that FIP2 prevents GluA1 (encoded by the Gria1 gene) AMPARs from reaching the surface of dendritic spines in the absence of neuronal stimulation. Upon induction of LTP, FIP2 is rapidly mobilized, dissociates from AMPARs and undergoes dephosphorylation. Interestingly, this dissociation of the FIP2–AMPAR complex, together with FIP2 dephosphorylation, is required for LTP, but the interaction between FIP2 and Rab11 proteins is not. Based on these results, we propose a retention–release mechanism, where FIP2 acts as a gate that restricts the trafficking of AMPARs, until LTP induction triggers their release and allows synaptic delivery.
Tumour length as an independent prognostic factor in resectable oesophageal carcinoma
Authors: Vadhwana B , Zosimas D , Lykoudis PM , Phen HM , Martinou M , Khoo D 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Oesophageal longitudinal tumour length has been investigated as a prognostic indicator for disease recurrence and overall survival in resectable oesophageal carcinoma. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding its use in clinical practice. This study aims to assess the prognostic significance of histological tumour length in potentially curative oesophageal resections for cancer. Materials and methods Patients with locally advanced oesophageal carcinoma (squamous or adenocarcinoma) were identified in a single centre between July 2000 and December 2016. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics and survival outcomes were assimilated. Unifactorial and multifactorial analysis was performed to assess tumour length correlation with oncological outcomes. Results A total of 281 patients were included; 226 (80.4%) male and 55 (19.6%) female, with a median age of 66 years; 39 patients (13.9%) developed local recurrence and 104 (37%) distant metastases. Disease progression rate was 44.8% with a median progression-free survival of 21 months and median overall survival of 30 months. Median tumour length was 3cm (interquartile range 2–4.5cm). Multivariate analysis demonstrated longer tumours to be significantly associated with a higher rate of local recurrence (p=0.028), metastases (p=0.016), disease progression (p=0.001) and shorter progression-free survival (p=0.001). Discussion This study demonstrates histological tumour length as an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence, metastases, disease progression and progression-free survival. Further larger multicentre studies are required to define the role of longitudinal tumour length as a marker to identify patients who are at higher risk of poor oncological outcomes following surgery.
Antiplatelet drugs: a review of pharmacology and the perioperative management of patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Mahmood H , Siddique I , McKechnie A 
Published: November 2019

Introduction An increasing number of patients are taking oral antiplatelet agents. As a result, there is an important patient safety concern in relation to the potential risk of bleeding complications following major oral and maxillofacial surgery. Surgeons are increasingly likely to be faced with a dilemma of either continuing antiplatelet therapy and risking serious haemorrhage or withholding therapy and risking fatal thromboembolic complications. While there are national recommendations for patients taking oral antiplatelet drugs undergoing invasive minor oral surgery, there are still no evidence-based guidelines for the management of these patients undergoing major oral and maxillofacial surgery. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to retrieve all relevant articles published to 31 December 2017. Findings A brief outline of the commonly used antiplatelet agents including their pharmacology and therapeutic indications is discussed, together with the haemorrhagic and thromboembolic risks of continuing or altering the antiplatelet regimen in the perioperative period. Finally, a protocol for the management of oral and maxillofacial patients on antiplatelet agents is presented. Conclusions Most current evidence to guide decision making is based upon non-randomised observational studies, which attempts to provide the safest possible management of patients on antiplatelet therapy. Large randomised clinical trials are lacking.
Examining the (im)mobility of African American Muslim TESOL teachers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jenkins Sulaiman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Through the lens of raciolinguistics, this nascent study examines the mobility/immobility of two African American Muslim TESOL teachers (AAMTT) working in the Saudi Arabian higher education (HE) context. The data were collected through interviews and autobiographies in order to examine the participants' lived experiences and their stories. It also explores the paradoxes, tensions and duplicities in treatment experienced by these two TESOL teachers while teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) in Saudi Arabia. These teachers moved to the Gulf region with diverse forms of cultural, symbolic, linguistic, economic and social capital, including being 'native speakers' with excellent command of the English language, identifying (and being identified) with the culture of hip hop and Hollywood (which is replete with famous African Americans), and representing American ideals of individualism, freedom of expression, open mindedness and upward mobility. Conversely, navigating through Saudi Arabia, these AAMTT have also experienced marginalization by consistent questioning of their national origins, failure to secure employment or being flatly rejected due to colour, and scepticism by students and administrators about the level of linguistic competence, accent, rhetoric and accuracy in delivering English lessons. Likewise, subscribers to the Islamic faith, their lofty expectations of what life would be like in the Gulf have been further complicated by experiences of direct and indirect racism (a direct contradiction of Islamic teachings of universal inclusion), and they have also striven to learn the Arabic language to gain religious and social capital while simultaneously fending off perceptions that Arabic speakers cannot be 'native speakers' of English. Therapeutically, the researcher reflects on his own experiences with transnationalism as well as the experiences of these two TESOL teachers and their struggles with constantly re-conceptualizing identity and self as new challenges present themselves in the Saudi Arabia. The paradox of possessing the cultural tools for mobility while also having features that hinder mobility is explored and the researcher discusses the strategies ultimately adopted and employed to navigate living in the Gulf.