bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
José Enrique Rodó y William James, ¿Un contrapunto humanístico-filosófico americano?
Authors: USMA IPC 
Published: March 2020

Este texto se ocupará de comparar dos textos el Ariel del uruguayo José Enrique Rodó (1900) y el Pragmatismo (1907) del norteamericano William James. A través de estos textos, que no han sido comparados anteriormente, se fundaron tradiciones intelectuales americanas que hasta hoy día no han dejado de ser influyentes entre los intelectuales, el primero. Especialmente, el Pragmatismo de James se articula en una serie de textos escritos por Pierce y Dewey que, a diferencia del Arielismo, que agotó rápidamente sus posibilidades de recepción y reproducción, no ha dejado de interesar a académicos e intelectuales de todo el mundo. El objetivo de este texto es demostrar que hay similitudes entre ambas formas de pensamiento y que el Pragmatismo, tan desconocido y vilipendiado en la América hispana por ser aparentemente una ideología del Imperio y del norte, es un interlocutor perfecto para iniciar un diálogo transcultural en el continente.
Spin-polarized Neutron Matter, the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars, and GW170817
Authors: Tews I. , Schwenk A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate how a phase transition from neutron-star matter to spin-polarized neutron matter affects the equation of state and mass–radius relation of neutron stars. While general extension schemes for the equation of state allow for high pressures inside neutron stars, we find that a phase transition to spin-polarized neutron matter excludes extreme regimes. Hence, such a transition limits the maximum mass of neutron stars that lie below 2.6–2.9 M
⊙, depending on the microscopic nuclear forces used, while significantly larger masses could be reached without these constraints. These limits are in good agreement with recent constraints extracted from the neutron-star merger GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart. Assuming the description in terms of spin-polarized neutron matter to be valid in the center of neutron stars, we find that stars with a large spin-polarized domain in their core are ruled out by GW170817.
Two Numerical Methods for the 3D Anisotropic Propagation of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Authors: Liu Wei , Lin Su-jie , Hu Hong-bo , Guo Yi-qing , Li Ai-feng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conventional cosmic-ray propagation models usually assume an isotropic diffusion coefficient to account for the random deflection of cosmic rays by the turbulent interstellar magnetic field. Such models very successfully explain many observational phenomena related to the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays, such as broken power-law energy spectra, secondary-to-primary ratios, etc. However, the isotropic diffusion presupposition is facing severe challenges from recent observations. In particular, such observations on the large-scale anisotropy of TeV cosmic rays show that the dipole direction differs from the prediction of the conventional model. One possible reason is that the large-scale regular magnetic field, which leads to an anisotropic diffusion of cosmic rays, has not been included in the model provided by the public numerical packages. In this work, we propose two numerical schemes to solve the three-dimensional anisotropic transport equation: the pseudo-source method and Hundsdorfer–Verwer scheme. Both methods are verified by reproducing the measured B/C and proton spectrum and the radial variation of spectral index expected by former 2D simulation. As a demonstration of the prediction capability, dipole anisotropy is also calculated by a toy simulation with a rough magnetic field.
Characterizing X-Ray Properties of the Gamma-Ray Pulsar PSR J1418-6058 in the Rabbit Pulsar Wind Nebula
Authors: Kim Minjun , An Hongjun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report on X-ray studies of the gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1418−6058 in the Rabbit pulsar wind nebula (PWN) carried out using archival Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. A refined timing analysis performed with the 120 ks XMM-Newton data finds significant (p ≈ 10−7) pulsation at P ≈ 110 ms which is consistent with that measured with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). In the Chandra image, we find extended emission around the pulsar similar to those seen around other pulsars in young PWNe, which further argues association between PSR J1418−6058 and the Rabbit PWN. The X-ray spectrum of the pulsar is hard and similar to those of soft-gamma pulsars. Hence PSR J1418−6058 may add to the list of soft-gamma pulsars.
Using multilevel models is not just a matter of statistical adjustment. Illustrations in the educational field
Authors: Bressoux Pascal 
Published: March 2020

Cet article présente les principes essentiels de la modélisation multiniveau pour l’étude de données hiérarchiques. Il montre comment concevoir des expérimentations dans de tels cas, en prêtant une attention particulière à la notion d’effet minimum détectable. L’article montre aussi comment spécifier un modèle multiniveau et comment interpréter ses estimations. Il est affirmé que les modèles multiniveaux ne sont pas qu’un moyen de mieux ajuster statistiquement les données ; ce sont des outils heuristiques puissants et flexibles qui encouragent les chercheurs à explorer des questions qui étaient ignorées ou considérées comme des nuisances par les modèles classiques. Deux exemples empiriques dans le champ éducatif sont présentés : le premier utilise des données expérimentales sur la réduction de la taille des classes et le second utilise des données d’enquête sur l’acquisition des mathématiques.
A Tutorial on Conducting and Interpreting a Bayesian ANOVA in JASP
Authors: van den Bergh Don , van Doorn Johnny , Marsman Maarten , Draws Tim , van Kesteren Erik-Jan , Derks Koen , Dablander Fabian , Gronau Quentin F. , Kucharský Šimon , Gupta Akash R. Komarlu Narendra , Sarafoglou Alexandra , Voelkel Jan G. , Stefan Angelika , Ly Alexander , Hinne Max , Matzke Dora , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan 
Published: March 2020

L’analyse de variance (ANOVA) est la procédure standard utilisée pour l’inférence statistique dans les plans factoriels. En règle générale, les analyses de variance sont exécutées à l’aide de statistiques fréquentistes, où les valeurs p déterminent la significativité statistique en termes de « tout ou rien ». Ces dernières années, l’approche bayésienne de la statistique inférentielle est de plus en plus considérée comme une alternative légitime à la valeur p . Toutefois, l’adoption généralisée des statistiques bayésiennes, et en particulier de l’ANOVA bayésienne, est limitée par le fait que les concepts bayésiens sont rarement enseignés dans les cours de statistiques appliquées. Par conséquent, les utilisateurs peuvent ne pas savoir comment effectuer une ANOVA bayésienne et en interpréter les résultats. Nous fournissons ici un guide pour réaliser et interpréter une ANOVA bayésienne avec JASP, un logiciel statistique open-source ayant une interface utilisateur graphique. Nous expliquons les concepts clés de l’ANOVA bayésienne à l’aide de deux exemples empiriques.
Between Modern and National Education: The ‘Ajam Schools of Bahrain and Kuwait
Authors: Stephenson Lindsey 
Published: March 2020

In the first decades of the 20th century, Islamic modernist discourse inspired very local transformations in education across the Middle East and Indian Ocean. As Gulf merchants returned from their oceanic travels, they brought back ideas for instituting “modern” education in the port towns of the Arabian Peninsula. The initial goals were not necessarily nationalist or even Arabist. Rather they were an attempt to provide education that would teach new, necessary skills in a modern, systematic environment while upholding traditional Islamic identities. While modern education has been understood primarily as a project undertaken by the Arab merchants of the region, this article demonstrates that the “‘Ajam” schools of Bahrain and Kuwait were initially a part of the same conversation. Tracing the early history of their development in the 1910s and 1920s through to the 1930s, I illuminate the initial orientation of the schools and how they responded to the influence of the Iranian modernist‑nationalist state project.
Replacing missing values in the standard Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) radiometric camera-by-camera cloud mask (RCCM) data product
Authors: Verstraete Michel M. , Hunt Linda A. , De Lemos Hugo , Di Girolamo Larry 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) is one of the five instruments hosted on board the NASA Terra platform, launched on 18 December 1999. This instrument has been operational since 24 February 2000 and is still acquiring Earth observation data as of this writing. The primary mission of the MISR is to document the state and properties of the atmosphere, in particular the clouds and aerosols it contains, as well as the planetary surface, on the basis of 36 data channels collectively gathered by its nine cameras (pointing in different directions along the orbital track) in four spectral bands (blue, green, red and near-infrared). The radiometric camera-by-camera cloud mask (RCCM) is derived from the calibrated measurements at the nominal top of the atmosphere and is provided separately for each of the nine cameras. This RCCM data product is permanently archived at the NASA Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC) in Hampton, VA, USA, and is openly accessible (Diner et al., 1999b, and https://doi.org/10.5067/Terra/MISR/MIRCCM_L2.004). For various technical reasons described in this paper, this RCCM product exhibits missing data, even though an estimate of the clear or cloudy status of the environment at each individual observed location can be deduced from the available measurements. The aims of this paper are (1) to describe how to replace over 99 % of the missing values by estimates and (2) to briefly describe the software to replace missing RCCM values, which is openly available to the community from the GitHub website, https://github.com/mmverstraete/MISR\\ RCCM/ (last access: 12 March 2020), or https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3240017 (Verstraete, 2019e). Two additional sets of resources are also made available on the research data repository of GFZ Data Services in conjunction with this paper. The first set (A; Verstraete et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.004) includes three items: (A1) a compressed archive, RCCM_Out.zip, containing all intermediary, final and ancillary outputs created while generating the figures of this paper; (A2) a user manual, RCCM_Out.pdf, describing how to install, uncompress and explore those files; and (A3) a separate input MISR data archive, RCCM_input_68050.zip, for Path 168, Orbit 68050. This latter archive is usable with (B), the second set (Verstraete and Vogt, 2020; https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2020.008), which includes (B1), a stand-alone, self-contained, executable version of the RCCM correction codes, RCCM_Soft_Win.zip, using the IDL Virtual Machine technology that does not require a paid IDL license, as well as (B2), a user manual, RCCM_Soft_Win.pdf, to explain how to install, uncompress and use this software.
Implications of abnormal abdominal wall computed tomographic angiography findings on postmastectomy free flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Ngaage Ledibabari Mildred , Hamed Raed R. , Oni Georgette , Ghorra Dina T. , Ang Jolenda Z. , Koo Brendan C. , Benyon Sarah L. , Irwin Michael S. , Malata Charles M. 
Published: March 2020

Background Preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the abdominal wall vessels is used when planning free flap breast reconstruction (FFBR) because it provides a surgical road map which facilitates flap harvest. However, there are few reports on the effect of abnormal findings on the operative plan.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study of all FFBRs performed at a tertiary referral center over a 6-year period (November 2011 to June 2017). One consultant radiologist reported on the findings. Details on patient demographics, CTA reports, and intraoperative details were collected.
Results Two hundred patients received preoperative CTAs. Fourteen percent of patients (n=28) had abnormal findings. Of these findings, 18% were vascular anomalies; 36% tumorrelated and 46% were “miscellaneous.” In four patients, findings subsequently prevented surgery; they comprised a mesenteric artery aneurysm, absent deep inferior epigastric (DIE) vessels, bilateral occluded DIE arteries, and significant bone metastases. Another patient had no suitable vessels for a free flap and the surgical plan converted to a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. The remaining incidental findings had no impact on the surgical plan or appropriateness of FFBR. More than one in 10 of those with abnormal findings went on to have further imaging before their operation.
Conclusions CTA in FFBR can have a wider impact than facilitating surgical planning and reducing operative times. Incidental findings can influence the surgical plan, and in some instances, avoid doomed-to-fail and unsafe surgery. It is therefore important that these scans are reported by an experienced radiologist.
Potential sources of interference with the highly sensitive detection and quantification of alpha‐synuclein seeds by qRT‐QuIC
Authors: Ruf Viktoria C. , Shi Song , Schmidt Felix , Weckbecker Daniel , Nübling Georg S. , Ködel Uwe , Mollenhauer Brit , Giese Armin 
Published: March 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is histologically characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and deposition of aggregated alpha‐synuclein (aSyn) in the brain. The detection of aSyn in well accessible fluids has been one of the central approaches in the development of biomarkers for PD. Recently, real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) has been successfully adapted for use with aSyn seeds. Here, we systematically analysed parameters potentially impacting the reliability of this assay by using quantitative real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (qRT‐QuIC) with in vitro‐formed aSyn seeds. Seeds diluted in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accelerated the seeding reaction and slightly increased the sensitivity without affecting specificity. Repeated freeze–thaw cycles decreased the apparent lag times of seeds diluted in ddH2O but did not alter the seeding activity of seeds diluted in CSF. High levels of artificial contamination with blood resulted in prolonged apparent lag times, while sensitivity and specificity were unaffected. Altogether, qRT‐QuIC with aSyn seems to be robust concerning sensitivity and specificity in our model system, but quantitative interpretation might be limited under certain conditions.
Peroxidase‐Like Nanozymes Induce a Novel Form of Cell Death and Inhibit Tumor Growth In Vivo
Authors: Wang Peixia , Liu Shili , Hu Mingxiang , Zhang Hongwei , Duan Demin , He Jiuyang , Hong Juanji , Lv Ruitao , Choi Hak Soo , Yan Xiyun , Liang Minmin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme‐like properties, termed nanozymes, have attracted significant interest, although limited information is available on their biological characteristics in cells or in vivo. Here, it is shown that nanomaterials with peroxidase‐like activity trigger a novel form of cell death through an ATP‐citrate lyase (ACLY)‐dependent rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS) signaling mechanism. The peroxidase nanozyme‐induced cell lethality, which is termed as nanoptosis, is morphologically and biochemically distinct from the currently well‐defined apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. It is revealed that nanoptosis is typically characterized by the massive accumulation of cellular vesicles, swelling mitochondria, and distinct chromatin condensation and margination. Using RNA sequencing and protein quantitative mass spectrometry, an ACLY‐dependent RAS signaling pathway is identified that mainly mediates this nanozyme lethality process, and it is observed that RAS‐knockout cells are highly resistant to nanoptosis. Finally, it is demonstrated that this newly discovered nanozyme lethality can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor growth in vivo.
Particle–Continuum Coupling and its Scaling Regimes: Theory and Applications
Authors: Delle Site Luigi , Praprotnik Matej , Bell John B. , Klein Rupert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work is motivated by the goal of designing simulation software for technical devices that, at their functional core, rely on atomistic‐scale processes embedded in a larger‐scale fluid environment. The core of the problem is the conceptual and technical approach for coupling particle and continuum representations of a fluid. The state of the art for key aspects including physical modeling, mathematical formalization, computational implementation, and applications, is discussed and organized in a consistent picture across the relevant physical regimes.
Combined Photoredox and Iron Catalysis for the Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes
Authors: Neumeier Michael , Chakraborty Uttam , Schaarschmidt Dieter , de la Pena O'Shea Victor , Perez‐Ruiz Raul , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuccessful combinations of visible‐light photocatalysis with metal catalysis have recently enabled the development of hitherto unknown chemical reactions. Dual mechanisms from merging metal‐free photocatalysts and earth‐abundant metal catalysts are still in their infancy. We report a photo‐organo‐iron‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization of alkynes by photoredox activation of a ligand‐free Fe catalyst. The reaction operates under very mild conditions (visible light, 20 °C, 1 h) with 1–2 mol % loading of the three catalysts (dye, amine, FeCl2).
Imino‐ and Azasugar Protonation Inside Human Acid β‐Glucosidase, the Enzyme that is Defective in Gaucher Disease
Authors: Matassini Camilla , Warren Julia , Wang Bo , Goti Andrea , Cardona Francesca , Morrone Amelia , Bols Mikael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGaucher disease is caused by mutations in human acid β‐glucosidase or glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of glucosyl ceramide in the lysosomes. Imino‐ and azasugars such as 1‐deoxynojirimycin and isofagomine are strong inhibitors of the enzyme and are of interest in pharmacological chaperone therapy of the disease. Despite several crystal structures of the enzyme with the imino‐ and azasugars bound in the active site having been resolved, the actual acid–base chemistry of the binding is not known. In this study we show, using photoinduced electron transfer (PET), that 1‐deoxynojirimycin and isofagomine derivatives are protonated by human acid β‐glucosidase when bound, even if they are completely unprotonated outside the enzyme. While isofagomine derivative protonation to some degree was foreshadowed by earlier crystal structures, 1‐deoxynojirimycin derivatives were not believed to act as basic amines in the enzyme.
Highly selective removal of 2,4‐dinitrophenol by a surface imprinted sol–gel polymer
Authors: Cheng Guohao , Yu Wenna , Yang Can , Li Shiying , Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Peiyun , Zhang Kaige , Li Xiang , Zhu Guifen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP), a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with excellent performance was synthesized in ethanol by the sol–gel method using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as functional monomer on the surface of silica particles. The structure and morphology of MIP were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis, infrared spectra, and thermogravimetry analysis. Results demonstrated that MIP had excellent selectivity toward the template molecule (2,4‐DNP) with an imprinting factor of 9.55 and a maximum static adsorption capacity of 114.7 mg g−1. Data obtained from the adsorption isotherm of 2,4‐DNP were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model, and the adsorption process can be described by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The investigation of adsorption mechanism revealed that the specific recognition process of MIP toward 2,4‐DNP was dominated by the hydrogen bond and molecular structure. By employing as a sorbent, the as‐prepared MIP was applied to recognize and remove 2,4‐DNP in poster paper, nonwoven fabric and brown curtain with recoveries in the range from 85.74 to 100.00%. However, the MIP can effectively remove 2,4‐DNP after five cycles.
Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on outcomes in appendiceal cancer
Authors: Kolla Bhaskar C. , Petersen Ashley , Chengappa Madhuri , Gummadi Tulasi , Ganesan Chitra , Gaertner Wolfgang B. , Blaes Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of using adjuvant chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma is not known. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy following complete cytoreduction in patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma.MethodsRetrospective medical record review of all patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma treated at our institution between 2006 and 2015. Kaplan‐Meier plots were used to summarize overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival over time, and log‐rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for differences in survival between groups.ResultsA total of 103 patients with appendiceal adenocarcinoma received care at our institution during the study period. Complete cytoreduction (cytoreductive score 0‐1) was achieved in 68 patients (66%). Of these 68 patients, 26 received adjuvant chemotherapy. The most common regimens were capecitabine (n = 11), capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (n = 7), and 5‐FU plus oxaliplatin (n = 6). Tumor histopathology and grade, and the ability to achieve complete cytoreduction were significant predictors of overall survival. The median OS for non–low‐grade and well‐differentiated tumor patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy following complete cytoreduction was 9.03 years, compared to 2.88 years for patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P = .02). Among low‐grade and well‐differentiated tumor patients who underwent complete cytoreduction, there was no statistically significant difference in OS between those who received adjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not.ConclusionAdjuvant chemotherapy seems to have benefit in appendiceal cancer patients with non–low‐grade or well‐differentiated tumor type but not in low‐grade or well‐differentiated tumors.
Integration of Zebrafish Model and Network Pharmacology to Explore Possible Action Mechanisms of Morinda officinalis for Treating Osteoporosis
Authors: Fu Shao‐Qi , Wang Zi‐Yuan , Jiang Zheng‐Meng , Bi Zhi‐Ming , Liu E‐Hu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease affecting nearly 200 million individuals globally. Morinda officinalis F.C.How (MOH) has long been used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. However, it still remains unclear how the compounds in MOH work synergistically for treating OP. In this study, we used prednisolone (PNSL)‐induced zebrafish OP model to screen the antiosteoporosis components in MOH. A network pharmacology approach was further proposed to explore the underlying mechanism of MOH on OP. The PNSL‐induced zebrafish model validated that two anthraquinones, one iridoid glycoside, and two saccharides exerted antiosteoporotic effect. We constructed the components‐targets network and obtained the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. A total of 26 candidate compounds of MOH and 257 related targets could probably treat OP through regulating osteoclast differentiation and MAPK signaling pathway. Our work developed a strategy to screen the antiosteoporosis components and explore the underlying mechanism of MOH for treating OP at a network pharmacology level.