bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen-mimicking, enzyme-loaded microparticles to reduce organophosphate toxicity in managed pollinators
Authors: Chen Jing , Webb James , Shariati Kaavian , Guo Shengbo , Montclare Jin-Kim , McArt Scott , Ma Minglin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pollinators support the production of 87 of the leading food crops worldwide and contribute over $15 billion to U.S. farm income. Organophosphates are a heavily used group of insecticides that pollinators can be exposed to, especially during crop pollination. Exposure to lethal or sub-lethal doses can impair fitness of wild and managed bees, risking pollination quality and food security. Here, we report a low-cost, scalable in vivo detoxification strategy for organophosphate insecticides involving encapsulation of phosphotriesterase (OPT) in pollen-mimicking microparticles (PMMs). We developed uniform and consumable PMMs capable of loading OPT at 90% efficiency and protecting OPT from degradation in the pH of a bee gut. Microcolonies of bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) fed malathion-contaminated pollen patties demonstrated 100% survival when fed OPT-PMMs but 0% survival with OPT alone and 0% survival with plain sucrose within 5 and 4 days, respectively. Thus, the detrimental effects of malathion were eliminated when bees consumed OPT-PMMs. This design presents a versatile and scalable treatment for managed pollinators to reduce risk from organophosphate insecticides, which can be integrated into supplemental feeds such as pollen patties or dietary syrup.
Toroidal plasma conditions where the p-11B fusion Lawson criterion could be eased
Authors: Peng Yueng-Kay , Shi Yuejiang , Wang Mingyuan , Liu Bing , Yan Xueqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We examine the theoretical conditions in which the Lawson ignition criterion for p-11B fusion in a magnetized toroidal plasma can
be reduced substantially. It is determined that a velocity differential between the protons and the boron ions of the order of the plasma
sound speed (Mach number of 1 or 2 at a plasma temperature of ~102 keV) could raise the p-11B fusion reaction rate to
~2x10-22 m3/s or ~6x10-22 m^3/s, respectively, from the ~1x10-22 m3/s level in a
static plasma. The Lawson triple product (ni τE Ti) required for ignition can thereby be reduced to as
low as ~1023 m-3 s keV, which is one order of magnitude above the ITER requirement for D-T burn. Since order-unity
Mach numbers in velocity differentials between deuterons and impurity carbon ions have been maintained in tokamak plasmas under excellent
confinement conditions, similar levels of velocity differentials between protons and minority boron-11 ions could in principle be
maintained also. A theoretical possibility of achieving p-11B fusion ignition in a toroidal plasma of ~102 keV in
ion temperature is hereby presented. Similar p-13C plasmas, for example, will introduce a possibility of measuring the CNO
fusion chain reaction rates in a laboratory.
Clinical impact of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with fibromyalgia: A cohort study
Authors: Rivera Javier , Castrejón Isabel , Vallejo-Slocker Laura , Offenbächer Martin , Molina-Collada Juan , Trives Laura , López Katy , Caballero Liz , Hirsch Jameson K. , Toussaint Lauren , Nieto Juan C. , Alvaro-Gracia Jose M. , Vallejo Miguel A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Data on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on fibromyalgia (FM) patients are lacking. FM patients often experience clinical impairment with stress situations.The objective of this study was to determine whether severity of FM increases because of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Prospective study including patients from the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia (ICAF) cohort who met the 2010 ACR FM criteria. In this cohort, all patients have a periodical evaluation of their quality of life through two questionnaires, the ICAF -which assesses the ability to perform daily living activities, anxiety and depression-, and through the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), which assesses overall change after a therapeutical intervention. Pre and post-confinement measurements were analyzed. Inferential statistical analysis and ANOVA for repeated measurements were used.Results: A total of 93 patients received a phone consultation, (95.5% females), mean (SD) age of 48.23 (8.38) years. Four patients were excluded as presenting COVID-19 and 51 (57%) completed the post-confinement ICAF. Following confinement, 25 (49%) patients got worse (group worse) and 26 (51%) patients experienced no change or improved (group stable). Comparisons between pre and post confinement ICAF did not show significant differences in both groups. Passive coping was significantly different in group worse in pre-confinement evaluation. In the 80% of patients with passive coping predominance there were no change in coping strategy.Conclusions: No clinical impairment due to COVID-19 confinement occurred. The perceived worsening among FM patients relies primarily on how patients cope with their disease, without a real impact on clinical manifestations.
Propionic Acid-Based PET Imaging of the Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tang Ganghua , Liu Shaoyu , Hu Ping , Ma Hui , Xiang Xianhong , Nie Dahong , Zhang Zhanwen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of 2-[18F]fluoropropionic acid ([18F]FPA) for PET imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) and to confirm the correlation between [18F]FPA accumulation and fatty acid synthase (FASN) levels in PCa models. The results of the first [18F]FPA PET study of a PCa patient are reported.MethodsA PET imaging comparison of [18F]FDG and [18F]FPA was performed in LNCaP, PC-3 and DU145 tumors. Additionally, in vivo blocking experiments in those models were conducted with orlistat. Western blotting staining of FASN were performed in the those xenograft tumors.ResultsThe uptake of [18F]FPA in the LNCaP and PC-3 tumors was higher than that of [18F]FDG (P<0.05 and P<0.05), while [18F]FDG was significantly superior to [18F]FPA in detecting DU145 tumors (P<0.05). Grayscale scanning showed that FASN expression in the LNCaP and PC-3 tumors was 33.3% and 10.3% higher than that in the DU145 tumors, respectively. The accumulation (% ID/g) of [18F]FPA in the LNCaP , PC-3 and DU145 tumors decreased by 27.6, 40.5 and 11.7%, respectively, after treatment with orlistat. The [18F]FPA showed higher tumor/background ratios than [18F]FDG in the first PCa patient (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe [18F]FPA uptake in PCa models was positively correlated with FASN expression and could be reduced after administration of a single FASN inhibitor. In addition, the [18F]FPA is a potential broad-spectrum PET imaging agent, and the imaging effect of [18F]FPA may be superior to [18F]FDG in human PCa.
Knowledge and Attitude of the Local Community Towards Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Rural Endemic Areas in Southwestern Yemen
Authors: Alhrazi Talal H , Haouas Najoua , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a historically neglected tropical disease, represents a significant public health problem in many endemic countries including Yemen. The ongoing armed conflict that started in March 2015 has had a negative impact on the entire healthcare system including infectious disease control programmes. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude towards CL among endemic communities in southwestern Yemen. MethodsFive hundred households in five areas of Shar’ab district of Taiz governorate were randomly selected to participate in a quantitative survey. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the participants’ sociodemographic background and their knowledge and attitude towards CL and the sand fly vector.ResultsThe analysis was conducted on a final sample of 466 individuals. Although the participants were aware of CL, about three quarters (77.7%) of them had poor overall knowledge about disease transmission, clinical presentation, treatment and prevention. Interestingly, about half of the participants (49.1%) were able to differentiate sand flies from other flies and mosquitoes; however, only 14.8% of the participants knew about the role of the phlebotomine sand fly in the transmission of CL. Similarly, the participants had poor overall knowledge about sand fly breeding sites, biting time and control measures. Although 44% of the participants considered CL to be more dangerous than malaria, only 36.6% believed that CL can be prevented and 76.4% had a negative attitude towards the disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age and gender were the significant determinants of knowledge about CL and the sand fly vector among the studied population.Conclusion A poor level of knowledge about the different epidemiological aspects of CL was found among the rural population in Taiz. This factor, together with the major collapse of the healthcare infrastructure and the paralysis of health authorities since the beginning of the ongoing civil war in Yemen, may be contributing to the continued endemicity of CL in the area. Hence, health education on CL transmission and prevention should be provided to the targeted communities.
Total laparoscopic transabdominal-transdiaphragmatic approach for treating Siewert II tumors
Authors: Pang Wei , Liu Gang , Zhang Yan , Huang Yun , Yuan Xinpu , Zhao Zhanwei , Zhang Chaojun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the morbidity of gastric cancer has decreased, the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) is increasing. Furthermore, no consensus exists on which surgical approach should be applied for Siewert type II AEG. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the technical safety and feasibility of a new surgical approach.MethodsSixty patients with Siewert type II AEG underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy with the total laparoscopic transabdominal-transdiaphragmatic (TLTT) approach, which needs an incision in the diaphragm.ResultsThe median operative time, reconstruction time and estimated blood loss were 214.8±41.6 mins, 29.40±7.1 mins and 209.0±110.3 ml, respectively. All of the patients had negative surgical margins. Conclusion: There were no intraoperative complications or conversions to open surgery. Our surgical procedure provides a unique option for the safe application of laparoscopic lower mediastinal lymph node dissection and gastrointestinal reconstruction. Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800014336. Registered 31 December 2017- Prospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=23111&htm=4.
The 100 Most Cited Articles on the Applications of Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yang Keda , Zhou Siming , Tao Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Stem cells have been applied in the treatment of OA, which had attracted wide attention. However, the research area is relatively extensive, and the research level is variable. In this study, we reviewed the mechanisms and clinical applications of stem cells in OA by using bibliometric analysis for the first time. We also revealed the characteristics, superior results and developmental trends in this field.Methods: The Web of Science core collection database was used to search articles related to the application of stem cells in OA. We collected the general information from the top 100 cited articles. We analyzed and evaluated the articles according to publication number, journals, institutions, countries, keywords and extended keywords.Results: The 100 most cited articles were cited from 129 to 1353 times mainly reviews and original articles. These articles were published from 2001 to 2017 and distributed evenly in America, East Asia and European countries. The United States contributed most in published number and international cooperation. The top ten institutions are mainly major universities and Duke University published a maximum of 10 articles. In terms of journals ,57 articles were published in the top ten journals. The keywords were divided into 8 categories from molecular mechanisms to clinical application.Conclusions: In our study, we found that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which could repair articular cartilage and inhibit local inflammation, are the most widely applied in research and treatment of OA. TGF-βwas crucial during the process. Exosomes are regarded as the active ingredients in stem cell therapy for OA. Microtissue engineering will contribute to accurate and effective stem cell therapy. The findings of our study will contribute to the continuous development of research and direct the research of stem cells in OA.
Kinematic Analysis and Simulation of an Orange Harvesting Robot
Authors: Zeeshan Sadaf , Aized Tauseef 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the most challenging areas in robot design is its kinematic analysis for proper and efficient path planning. In agricultural robots, this study is even more crucial due to the uneven terrain and unstructured environment. In agricultural robots, work has been done on fruit harvesting robots yet its commercial recognition is still underway. Further research needs to be done in this field to make the fruit harvesting robots more commercially acceptable. In this paper, a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) orange harvesting robot is designed and its kinematic analysis is done. Forward kinematic is done using Denavit-Hartenberg (DH) parameters while the inverse kinematics is done using algebraic method. The calculated formulas are verified by simulation on RoboAnalyzer software. The algorithm for inverse kinematics using probabilistic approach did not generate any error and worked successfully generating 16 results within the workspace. The simulated dynamic results also supported the kinematic model. The kinematic study validates the model design and calculations, whereas, its simulation verifies the path planning and reachability of oranges on the trees within the confined workspace.
Parkinson’s Disease-Associated LRRK2 Interferes with Astrocyte-Mediated Alpha-Synuclein Clearance
Authors: Streubel-Gallasch Linn , Giusti Veronica , Sandre Michele , Tessari Isabella , Plotegher Nicoletta , Giusto Elena , Masato Anna , Iovino Ludovica , Battisti Ilaria , Arrigoni Giorgio , Greggio Elisa , Tremblay Marie-Eve , Bubacco Luigi , Erlandsson Anna , Civiero Laura 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative, progressive disease without cure. To prevent PD onset or at least limit neurodegeneration, a better understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular disease mechanisms is crucial. Mutations in the leucine rich repeat kinase 2 ( LRRK2 ) gene represent one of the most common causes of familial PD. In addition, LRRK2 variants are risk factors for sporadic PD, making LRRK2 an attractive therapeutic target. M utations in LRRK2 has been linked to impaired alpha-synuclein (α-syn) degradation in neurons. However, in which way pathogenic LRRK2 affects α-syn clearance by astrocytes, the major glial cell type of the brain, remains unclear. The impact of astrocytes on PD progression has recently received much attention and recent data indicate that astrocytes play a key role in α-syn mediated pathology. MethodsIn the present study, we aimed to compare the capacity of wild-type astrocytes and astrocytes carrying the PD-linked G2019S mutation in Lrrk2 to ingest and degrade fibrillary α-syn. For this purpose, we used two different astrocyte culture systems that were exposed to sonicated α-syn for 24 hours and analyzed directly after the α-syn pulse or 6 days later. To elucidate the impact of LRRK2 on α-syn clearance, we performed various analyses, including complementary imaging, transmission electron microscopy and proteomic approaches. ResultsOur results show that astrocytes carrying the G2019S mutation in Lrrk2 exhibit a decreased capacity to internalize and degrade fibrillar α-syn via the endo-lysosomal pathway. In addition, we demonstrate that the reduction of α-syn internalization in the Lrrk2 G2019S astrocytes is linked to Annexin A2 (AnxA2) loss-of-function. ConclusionTogether, our findings reveal that astrocytic LRRK2 contributes to the clearance of extracellular α-syn aggregates through an AnxA2-dependent mechanism.
Rabies Mortality and Morbidity Associated with Animal Bites in Africa: A Case for Integrated Rabies Diseases Surveillance, Prevention and Control - A Scoping Review
Authors: Nyasulu Peter , Weyer Jacqueline , Tschopp Rea , Mihret Adane , Nuvor Samuel Victor , Balogun Tolulope , Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze , Nyakarahuka Luke , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Helegbe Gideon Kofi , Gebreyesus Melaku Tefera , Aseffa Abraham , Doumbia Seydou , Blumberg Lucille , Busse Reinhard , Drosten Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Rabies a neglected tropical disease, mostly affecting poor and vulnerable populations living in remote rural areas in developing countries. The disease continues to pose a significant public health a threat with an estimated 59,000 dog-transmitted human deaths, of which an estimated 21,476 human deaths occur in Africa each year. The global strategy has been set by the quartite World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC), aiming for "zero human deaths associated with dog transmitted rabies by 2030". African countries, however, face several challenges and there are still gaps in controlling rabies. The aim of this study review is to determine rabies prevalence, mortality and associated risk factors in both human population and animal population and to evaluate the presence or absence of integrated one health surveillance response in African nations.Methods and analysis: We will conduct an electronic literature searches on PubMed, CINAHL, (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, and Web of Science and other relevant databases. Reference lists from identified published articles or reviews and conference abstracts will also be searched for relevant articles. Published and unpublished literatures (grey) will be included in the search. The findings will be presented graphically in terms of mortality, morbidity, interventions for rabies control in Africa, research gaps identified, available research evidence, rabies surveillance, prevention and control and adverse events.Conclusion: This review will contribute to the coordination of interventions for surveillance, prevention, and control with African countries as country-based gaps and challenges and opportunities will be highlighted. In addition, the scaling up of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP rabies will be evaluated in African countries and the projection to achieve the target of "zero deaths of human rabies by 2030" in Africa.
RGD4C Peptide Mediates anti-p21Ras scFv Entry Into Tumor Cells and Produces an Inhibitory Effect on the Human Colon Cancer Cell Line SW480
Authors: Huang Chenchen , Liu Fangrui , Feng Qiang , Pan Xinyan , Song Shuling , Yang Ju-Lun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAn anti-p21Ras scFv can specifically bind with mutant and wild-type p21Ras but cannot penetrate the cell membrane, which prevents it from binding to p21Ras in the cytoplasm. Here, the RGD4C peptide was used to mediate scFv penetration into tumor cells and produce an inhibitory effect.MethodsRGD4C-linker-EGFP and RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv recombinant expression plasmids were constructed, and the fusion proteins were expressed in E. coli and purified with HisPur Ni-NTA. RGD4C-linker-EFGP was used to test the factors affecting RGD4C penetration of the tumor cell membrane. The immunoreactivity of RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv toward p21Ras was identified by ELISA and western blotting. Moreover, immunocytochemistry was used to detect the ability of RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv to penetrate SW480 cells. Cell migration, colony formation, cell killing, and apoptosis assays were used to assess the inhibitory effect of RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv on SW480 cells in vitro.ResultsThe RGD4C peptide could target tumor cells, but endocytosis inhibitors and a low temperature inhibited RGD4C peptide endocytosis into cells, and tumor cell entry was time and concentration dependent. Additionally, a change in the cell membrane potential did not affect penetrability. We found that RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv could penetrate SW480 cells; effectively inhibit the growth, proliferation and migration of SW480 cells; and promote apoptosis in SW480 cells. ConclusionThe RGD4C peptide can mediate anti-p21Ras scFv entry into SW480 cells and produce an inhibitory effect, which indicates that RGD4C-p21Ras-scFv may be a potential therapeutic antibody for the treatment of RAS-mutant colorectal cancer.
Survival Analysis and Influence of the Surgical Aggression of a Cohort of Orthopedic and Trauma Patients in a Non-controlled Spread COVID-19 Scenario
Authors: Corella Fernando , Rosales Roberto , Guzman David , Cañones Miguel , Larrainzar-Garijo Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: During the coronavirus disease pandemic, determining the impact of elective and urgent orthopedic and trauma surgeries (OTS) on the infection rate and mortality probability can guide the preparations for next waves. The purpose of this paper was to do a survival analysis in a cohort of non-infected OTS patients and explaining the effect of different grades of surgical aggression.Methods: This is an observational study of 184 patients who underwent OTS in the month before the halt of surgical activities, before implementation of special measures, and high rate of transmission. Crude risk of infection, infection rates, survival and hazard function analysis, and Cox regression and Fine-Gray models for explaining the effect of aggression and inflammation (groups of surgery).Results: The crude risk of COVID-19 diagnosis was 14.13% (95%CI: 9.83%–19.90%). The total incidence rate (IR) was 2.67 (1000 person-day) (95%CI: 1.74–3.91). At the end of the follow-up, there was a 94.42% chance of surviving 76 days or more after OTS. The differences in survivor curves by surgery groups were statistically significant and established that Group of surgery 4 presented a lower survival function. The age adjusted for group of surgery, high blood pressure and respiratory history was one of the best model to explain the association with the mortality by COVID-19 (HR: 1.111, CI95%: 1.005-1.228; SHR: 1.111, CI95%: 1.046-1.177)Conclusions: There is an infection risk after OTS similar to the general population in a community transmission/area; the grade of aggression does not influence this rate. The survival probability is extremely high if patients were not previously infected. Mortality is higher if the group was susceptible to a higher aggression and inflammation grade; however, age adjusted for confounders as groups of surgery, high blood pressure and respiratory history are associated with mortality.