bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving Sustainable And Inclusive Economic Growth In Latin America: National Development During The Commodity Boom
Authors: R. Mares David 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines how government policy affects the sustainability and inclusiveness of national development after the boom. The impact of the latest commodity boom (2003-2014) on the sustainability and inclusiveness of Latin American national development varies, but not by whether governments were ideologically left. I present the economic results of the commodity boom for the major Latin American countries, followed by the social results as measured by the reduction in poverty rates and income inequality. I examine potential countervailing economic factors that could mitigate the importance of the political economic determinants of the use of resource wealth. Finding the countervailing economic factors inadequate to explain the variation in social results, I propose that the political economy of linking resource wealth with economic and social outcomes is the key determinant. I conclude the paper with a discussion of current challenges post-commodity boom.Keywords: Commodity Boom; Poverty; Income Inequality. RESUMOEste artigo examina como a política do governo afeta a sustentabilidade e a inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional após o boom. O impacto do último boom das commodities (2003-2014) na sustentabilidade e inclusão do desenvolvimento nacional da América Latina varia, mas não pelo fato de os governos serem ideologicamente de esquerda. Apresento os resultados econômicos do boom das commodities para os principais países da América Latina, seguidos pelos resultados sociais medidos pela redução das taxas de pobreza e desigualdade de renda. Examino os possíveis fatores econômicos compensatórios que podem mitigar a importância dos determinantes político-econômicos do uso de recursos financeiros. Considerando os fatores econômicos compensadores inadequados para explicar a variação nos resultados sociais, proponho que a economia política de vincular os recursos financeiros a resultados econômicos e sociais seja o principal determinante. Concluo o artigo com uma discussão dos desafios atuais do pós boom das commodities.Palavras-chaves: Boom de Commodities; Pobreza; Desigualdade De Renda.
The Forearm Fracture Recovery in Children Evaluation (FORCE) trial: statistical and health economic analysis plan for an equivalence randomized controlled trial of treatment for torus fractures of the distal radius in children
Authors: Knight Ruth , Dritsaki Melina , Mason James , Perry Daniel C. , Dutton Susan J. 
Published: June 2020

AimsTorus fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures in children. The NICE non-complex fracture guidelines recently concluded that bandaging was probably the optimal treatment for these injuries. However, across the UK current treatment varies widely due to a lack of evidence underpinning the guidelines. The Forearm Fracture Recovery in Children Evaluation (FORCE) trial evaluates the effect of a soft bandage and immediate discharge compared with rigid immobilization.MethodsFORCE is a multicentre, parallel group randomized controlled equivalence trial. The primary outcome is the Wong-Baker FACES pain score at three days after randomization and the primary analysis of this outcome will use a multivariate linear regression model to compare the two groups. Secondary outcomes are measured at one and seven days, and three and six-weeks post-randomization and include the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) upper extremity limb score, EuroQoL EQ-5D-Y, analgesia use, school absence, complications, and healthcare resource use. The planned statistical and health economic analyses for this trial are described here. The FORCE trial protocol has been published separately.ConclusionThis paper provides details of the planned analyses for this trial, and will reduce the risks of outcome reporting bias and data driven results. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:205–213.
Population genetic structure of Asiatic Hard Clam (Meretrix meretrix) in Thailand based on Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene sequence
Authors: VERAKIAT SUPMEE  , PRADIT SANGTHONG  , APIRAK SONGRAK  , SUPPAPAN JUTHAMAS 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Supmee V, Sangthong P, Songrak A, Suppapan J. 2020. Population genetic structure of Asiatic Hard Clam (Meretrix meretrix) in Thailand based on Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene sequence. Biodiversitas 21: 2702-2709. The Asiatic hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is an important commercial clam in Thailand. Last decade, this species had a dramatic decrease. Thus, to conserve this species, genetic information is essential. In our study, 135 samples of M. meretrix were collected from 7 sampling sites along the Thailand coast. The genetic structure was examined based on the variation of the nucleotide sequence in cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. Twenty haplotypes were identified. Numerous rare haplotypes were revealed indicating the existence of a large female effective population size. In the northern Gulf of Thailand population, the genetic diversity was low. The neutrality test and minimum spanning network showed experienced expansion events of M. meretrix in Thailand. The genetic structure showed that the M. meretrix population was separated into the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman population. This finding was possibly caused by a disruption of gene flow from the Thai-Malay Peninsula and larval behavior. Our finding suggested that the construction management program to maintain the genetic diversity of this species could be separated into 2 conservation units.
Deciding Among Noninvasive Tools for Predicting Varices Needing Treatment in Chronic Liver Disease: An Analysis of Asian Cohort
Authors: Sharma Sanchit , Agarwal Samagra , Gunjan Deepak , Kaushal Kanav , Anand Abhinav , Saraya Anoop 
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Both transient elastography (TE)-based and non–TE-based criteria exist for detection of varices needing treatment (VNT) in patients with asymptomatic advanced chronic liver disease (CLD). However, their performance in clinical settings at different risk thresholds of detection of VNT and in regions where elastography is not widely available is unknown. We aimed to validate existing noninvasive criteria in our patients with CLD and identify best TE- and non–TE-based criteria for VNT screening at usual risk thresholds.

METHODS:
Patients with compensated advanced CLD (cACLD) who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and TE within 3 months were included. Diagnostic performance of Baveno VI, expanded Baveno VI, platelet–model for end-stage liver disease, and platelet–albumin (Rete Sicilia Selezione Terapia-hepatitis C virus) criteria were estimated. Decision curve analysis was conducted for different predictors across range of threshold probabilities. A repeat analysis including all patients with compensated CLD (cACLD and non-cACLD) was performed to simulate absence of TE.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,657 patients (cACLD, 895; non-cACLD, 762) related to hepatitis B virus (38.2%), hepatitis C virus (33.4%), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (14.7%), and alcohol (11.8%) were included. Baveno VI identified maximum VNT (97.3%) and had best negative predictive value (96.9%), followed by platelet–albumin criteria. Expanded Baveno VI and platelet–model for end-stage liver disease had intermediate performance. At threshold probability of 5%, Baveno VI criteria showed maximum net benefit, and platelet–albumin criteria was next best, with need for 95 additional elastographies to detect 1 additional VNT. Similar results were obtained on including all patients with compensated CLD irrespective of TE.

DISCUSSION:
Baveno VI criteria maximizes VNT yield at 5% threshold probability. An acceptable alternative is the platelet–albumin criteria in resource-limited settings.
PENGARUH AKSESIBILITAS DAN PERSEPSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP MINAT MENABUNG DI BANK SYARIAH: STUDI PADA ANGGOTA KOMUNITAS DIFABEL BLORA MUSTIKA
Authors: Supriyanti Tufy , Fatimah Siti 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh aksesibilitas dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan sebagai variabel independen terhadap minat menabung sebagai variabel dependen di Perbankan Syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field reseach) dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari 40 kuesioner yang disebar kepada anggota aktif Difabel Blora Mustika dengan teknik purposive sampling. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, pengujian hipotesis melalui uji t dan uji F, serta analisis koefisien determinasi (R2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien determinasi R square pada tabel Adjusted R Square menunjukkan angka 0,177. Hal ini berarti bahwa variabel dependen (minat menabung) dipengaruhi oleh variabel independen (aksesibilitas dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan) sebesar 17,7% dan sebesar 82,3% (100% - 17,7%) dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil uji F menunjukkan angka signifikansi 0,010 artinya variabel dependen (minat menabung) secara bersama-sama dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel independen (aksesibilitas dan persepsi kualitas pelayanan). Secara parsial berdasarkan hasil uji T variabel aksesibilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat menabung, sedangkan variabel persepsi kualitas pelayanan menunjukkan hasil yang positif dan signifikan yang berarti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat menabung.
DETERMINAN PRAKTIK NILAI-NILAI BISNIS ISLAM: IMPLIKASI THE CELESTIAL MANAGEMENT DI USAHA KULINER PREKSU
Authors: Rohmawan Abim Rizqi , Praptowo Bagas Dwi 
Published: June 2020

Aktivitas usaha bisnis tidak hanya berfokus pada pencapaian peningkatan laba atau profit, karena ada hal yang lebih bernilai dari bisnis, itulah nilai etika dan spiritualitas berupa kejujuran, keadilan, berbagi dengan sesama, dan mempertahankannya. Dalam konteks ini munculah teori manajemen bisnis Islam atau Spiritual Management yang berbeda dengan manajemen bisnis konvensional yang sama sekali tidak berkait dan bahkan lepas dari nilai-nilai ketauhidan dan keimanan yaitu The Celestial Management (TCM). Konsep TCM membawa kemajuan yang sangat pesat di Rumah Makan Preksu, yaitu dengan menyeimbangkan antara kepentingan dunia dan akhirat. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan apakah Rumah Makan Preksu melalui implikasi TCM menganggap bisnis bukan sekedar mencari material saja akan tetapi merupakan ibadah atau dimaknai dengan bekerja adalah ibadah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis uji keabsahan data dilakukan melalui teknik uji kredibilitas triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa Rumah Makan Preksu pada implikasinya telah menerapkan konsep TCM, namun Rumah Makan Preksu perlu memperhatikan indikator Power Sharing dan Regeneratif lebih lanjut karena hasil penelitian pada indikator tersebut Masih belum mencapai taraf sempurna.Kata Kunci: Bisnis Islam, The Celestial Management, Kuliner Preksu
The Ælfrician Glossaries in Oxford, Bodleian Library, Barlow 35: A New Edition and Commentary
Authors: Cataldi Claudio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study provides a full edition and commentary of the three glossaries in Oxford, Bodleian Library, Barlow 35, fol. 57r–v. These glossaries, which were first partly edited and discussed by Liebermann (1894), are comprised of excerpts from Ælfric’s Grammar and Glossary arranged by subject. The selection of material from the two Ælfrician works witnesses to the interests of the glossator. The first glossary in Barlow 35 collects Latin grammatical terms and verbs followed by their Old English equivalents. The second glossary is drawn from the chapter on plant names of Ælfric’s Glossary, with interpolations from other chapters of the same work. This glossary also features twelfth-century interlinear notations, which seem to have a metatextual function. The third glossary combines excerpts from Ælfric’s Glossary with verbs derived from the Grammar. Liebermann transcribed only part of the glosses and gave a brief commentary on the glossaries as well as parallels with Zupitza’s (1880) edition of Ælfric’s Grammar and Glossary; hence the need for a new edition, which is provided in the present study, along with a comprehensive discussion of the glossaries and a reassessment of the correspondences concerning their Ælfrician sources.
Preparation and characterization of corn starch/PVA/glycerol composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine as a novel antimicrobial packaging material
Authors: Yurong Gao , Dapeng Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Corn starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/glycerol composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine were prepared, and their properties were investigated. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the interactions happened between the amino group of ε-polylysine and hydroxyl group starch/PVA composite films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the addition of ε-polylysine decreased the intensity of all crystal peaks. Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis suggested that ε-polylysine improved the thermal stability of composite films. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis showed that the upper surface of composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine presented more compact and flat surface. The antimicrobial activity of the composite film progressively increased with the increasing of ε-polylysine concentration (P < 0.05). The tensile strength, elongation at break and water absorption significantly increased, whereas water solubility decreased with the increasing of ε-polylysine concentration (P < 0.05). Therefore, the corn starch/PVA/glycerol composite films incorporated with ε-polylysine had good mechanical, physical and antimicrobial properties and could have potential application as a novel antimicrobial packaging material.
Effect of Bhramari pranayama practice on simple reaction time in healthy adolescents – a randomized control trial
Authors: Kuppusamy Maheshkumar , Kamaldeen Dilara , Pitani Ravishankar , Amaldas Julius , Ramasamy Padmavathi , Shanmugam Poonguzhali , Thirupathy Venkateswaran Sankaralingam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The improvement in the/reaction time is important, as it is an indicator of cognitive function. Therefore, there is a need, especially for adolescents in the form of techniques or courses that can improve the reaction time. Yoga was found to cause a better improvement in the health of the individuals. The present study intended to show the effects of Bhramari pranayama (Bhr.P) on reaction time in the healthy adolescents.

Methods
Of the 730 potential subjects screened, 520 apparently healthy adolescents randomly assigned to either the Bhr.P group (n-260) or control group (n-260). Bhr.P group practiced the bhramari pranayama for 3 days in a week for 6 months. The Auditory Reaction Time (ART) and the Visual Reaction Time (VRT) were assessed before and after Bhr.P pranayama practice.

Results
Bhr.P group shows significant shortening of response time in both VRT (from 267.13 ± 52.65 to 249.87 ± 39.41 ms) and ART (from 237.42 ± 48.12 to 227.91 ± 34.60 ms) after 6 months of Bhr.P practice. In control group subjects, no such significant changes were found (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Shortening of RT implies an improvement in the information processing and reflexes. This beneficial effect of Bhr.P on reaction time can be used for improving cognitive function in the adolescents for their academic performances.
Co-administration of prazosin and propranolol with glibenclamide improves anti-oxidant defense system in endothelial tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats
Authors: Sanusi Kamaldeen Olalekan , Asiwe Jerome Ndudi , Adagbada Ebunoluwa Oluwabusola , Yusuf Mariam Onono , Okonofua David Ehikhuemen , Alawode Damilola Ifeoluwa , Fasanmade Adesoji Adedipe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Due to increasing prevalence of diabetes and associated endothelial dysfunction, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of co-administration of adrenoceptor blockers (prazosin and propranolol) and glibenclamide on plasma biomarkers of endothelial functions in diabetic rats.

Methods
Experiments were carried out on 35 male Wistar rats (170–200 g). They were divided into seven groups (n=5) as follows: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic + glibenclamide (GLB-5mg/kg/day), diabetic+ prazosin (PRZ-0.5 mg/kg/day), diabetic + PRZ + GLB, diabetic + propranolol (PRP-10 mg/kg/day), diabetes + PRP + GLB. Experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and drugs were administered orally for 3 weeks. Blood pressure was measured and animals were sacrificed afterwards. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture, and major marker of endothelial functions, nitric oxide derivatives (NOx), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured on the plasma. The aorta was harvested for histological examination. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysed using ANOVA at α
0.05.

Results
There was a significant increase in levels of NOx and SOD, and a decrease in MDA level in diabetic treated groups compared to diabetic control. Mean blood pressure increased in diabetic control and diabetic + GLB group when compared with normal control, while it was mildly reduced in diabetic group treated with PRZ and PRP, and co-administered GLB. More so, Aorta histology was altered in diabetic control groups when compared with normal control and all diabetic treated groups.

Conclusions
Results from this study suggest that PRZ, PRP, and GLB (singly and in combined therapy) could have a restorative effect on endothelial functions in diabetes.
Evaluation of Moroccan microalgae: Spirulina platensis as a potential source of natural antioxidants
Authors: Bellahcen Touria Ould , AAmiri Abderrahmane , Touam Ikram , Hmimid Fouzia , Amrani Abdelaziz El , Cherif Abdelmjid , Cherki Mounia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Ethanolic, aqueous and lipidic extracts of Spirulina platensis were evaluated for their bioactive substances (polyphenols and fatty acids) and antioxidant activities using two different assays diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonicacid (ABTS)).

Methods
The phenolic compounds amounts were determined by colorimetric assays and were analyzed by high-performance and liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The identification of phenolic compounds in the extract was accomplished by comparison of their retention times with those of pure standards. The chemical composition of fatty acids in lipidic extract was determined by GC/FIDs and GC/MS method.

Results
The obtained results revealed that using DPPH, the ethanolic extract recorded the highest activity with (IC50=449 μg/mL ± 83). It was characterized with a high levels of phenolic and flavonoid content 0.33 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g dw and 0.21 ± 0.01 mg quercetin/g dw, respectively. The ethanolic extract showed the presence of caffeic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, quercetin and apigenin. Those entire phenolic compounds seem participle synergistically to the pronounced higher activity. To the best of our knowledge, the apigenin (4′, 5, 7,-trihydroxyflavone), a natural compound which is famously known by its potent antiradical activity, was identified for the first time in Moroccan S. platensis only in the ethanolic extract. A high positive correlation (r=0.895) between the antioxidant activity and the chemical composition of ethanolic extract was observed. For ABTS, lipidic extract showed the highest activity with (IC50=740 μg/mL ± 12). A total of 15 fatty acids compounds, amounting 89.73% of the extract were identified. γ-linolenic acid (GLA) (39.02%) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) (13.85%) were the major component and contribute greatly to the antioxidant activity observed. The lipidic extract has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (70.95%) which are often exhibited very high antioxidant activity since they have two or more double bonds and chain lengths. The aqueous extract either with DPPH or ABTS methods, recorded low antioxidant activity. Its correlation was r=0.499, lower than found in the ethanolic extract.

Conclusions
These results showed that Spirulina platensis could be considered as a valuable source of fatty acids and phenolics with potent antioxidant activity. It may be employed in the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs as an alternative source of natural antioxidants.
Geometric phase for multidimensional manipulation of photonics spin Hall effect and helicity-dependent imaging
Authors: Zang XiaoFei , Yao BingShuang , Li Zhen , Zhu Yang , Xie JingYa , Chen Lin , Balakin Alexey. V. , Shkurinov Alexander. P. , Zhu YiMing , Zhuang SongLin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The spin Hall effect of light, associated with spin-orbit interactions, describes a transport phenomenon with optical spin-dependent splitting, leading to a plethora of applications such as sensing, imaging, and spin-controlled nanophotonics. Although geometric meatsurfaces can mimic photonic spin Hall effect by spatially splitting left-hand circularly polarized and right-hand circularly polarized states of electromagnetic waves with anomalous refraction or reflection angles, the geometric phase generated by metasurfaces hinders metalenses to realize simultaneous focusing of different spin states, limiting further applications. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to realizing a spin Hall metalens that can focus terahertz waves with different spin states and flexibly manipulate spin-dependent focal points in multiple spatial dimensions based on a pure geometric phase. A dielectric metasurface consisting of micropillars with identical shape and different in-plane orientations is designed to realize the multidimensional manipulation of photonics spin Hall effect in terahertz region. Furthermore, helicity-dependent imaging is demonstrated by the terahertz spin Hall metalens. The uniqueness and robust approach for manipulating spin photons may have a significant impact on designing ultra-compact and multifunctional devices and spin photonics devices.
3D Nanophotonic device fabrication using discrete components
Authors: Melzer Jeffrey E. , McLeod Euan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional structure fabrication using discrete building blocks provides a versatile pathway for the creation of complex nanophotonic devices. The processing of individual components can generally support high-resolution, multiple-material, and variegated structures that are not achievable in a single step using top-down or hybrid methods. In addition, these methods are additive in nature, using minimal reagent quantities and producing little to no material waste. In this article, we review the most promising technologies that build structures using the placement of discrete components, focusing on laser-induced transfer, light-directed assembly, and inkjet printing. We discuss the underlying principles and most recent advances for each technique, as well as existing and future applications. These methods serve as adaptable platforms for the next generation of functional three-dimensional nanophotonic structures.