bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic Profiles of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Tests 1 and 2
Authors: Kaufmann Sebastian , Hoos Olaf , Kuehl Timo , Tietz Thomas , Reim Dominik , Fehske Kai , Latzel Richard , Beneke Ralph 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To analyze the energetic profiles of the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Tests 1 and 2 (YYIR1 and YYIR2). Methods: Intermittent running distance (IR1D and IR2D), time to exhaustion (IR1T and IR2T), and total recovery time between shuttles (IR1R and IR2R) were measured in 10 well-trained male athletes (age 24.4 [2.0] y, height 182 [1] cm, weight 75.8 [7.9] kg). Respiratory gases and blood lactate (BLC) were obtained preexercise, during exercise, and until 15 min postexercise. Metabolic energy, average metabolic power , and energy share (percentage of aerobic [WAER], anaerobic lactic [WBLC], and anaerobic alactic energy system [WPCr]) were calculated using the PCr-La-O2 method. Results: Peak oxygen consumption was possibly higher in YYIR2 (60.3 [5.1] mL·kg−1·min−1) than in YYIR1 (P = .116, 57.7 [4.5] mL·kg−1·min−1, d = −0.58). IR1D, IR1T, and IR1R were very likely higher than IR2D, IR2T, and IR2R, respectively (P < .001, 1876 [391] vs 672 [132] m, d = −2.83; P < .001, 916 [175] vs 304 [57] s, d = −3.03; and P < .001, 460 [100] vs 150 [40] s, d = −2.83). Metabolic energy was most likely lower in YYIR2 than in YYIR1 (P < .001, 493.5 [118.1] vs 984.8 [171.7] kJ, d = 3.24). Average metabolic power was most likely higher in YYIR2 than in YYIR1 (P < .001, 21.5 [1.7] vs 14.5 [2.2] W·kg−1, d = 3.54). When considering aerobic phosphocreatine restoration during breaks between shuttles, WAER (P = .693, 49% [10%] vs 48% [5%], d = −0.16) was similar, WPCr (P = .165, 47% [11%] vs 42% [6%], d = −0.54) possibly higher, and WBLC (P < .001, 4% [1%] vs 10% [3%], d = 1.95) almost certainly lower in YYIR1 than in YYIR2. Conclusions: WAER and WPCr are predominant in YYIR1 and YYIR2 with almost identical WAER. Higher IR1D and IR1T in YYIR1 result in higher metabolic energy but lower average metabolic power and slightly lower peak oxygen consumption. Higher IR1R allows for higher reliance on WPCr in YYIR1, while YYIR2 requires a higher fraction of WBLC.
The QCD trace anomaly at strong coupling from M-theory
Authors: Misra Aalok , Gale Charles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObtaining a lattice-consistent result for the temperature dependence of the QCD conformal anomaly from a top-down M-theory dual (valid) for all temperatures – both, $$T<T_c$$T<Tc and $$T>T_c$$T>Tc – of thermal QCD at intermediate gauge coupling, has been missing in the literature. We fill this gap by addressing this issue from the M-theory uplift of the SYZ type IIA mirror at intermediate gauge/string coupling [both obtained in Dhuria et al. (JHEP 1311:001, 2013)] of the UV-complete type IIB holographic dual of large-N thermal QCD of Mia et al. (Nucl Phys B 839:187, 2010), and comparing with the very recent lattice results of Bazavov et al. (Phys Rev D 97(1):014510, 2018). Estimates of the $$\mathcal{O}(R^4)$$O(R4) higher derivative corrections in the $$D=11$$D=11 supergravity action relevant to considering the aforementioned M theory uplift in the intermediate ’t Hooft coupling (in addition to gauge coupling) limit, are also presented. We also show that after a tuning of the (small) Ouyang embedding parameter and radius of a blown-up $$S^2$$S2 when expressed in terms of the horizon radius, a QCD deconfinement temperature $$T_c=150$$Tc=150 MeV from a Hawking–Page phase transition at vanishing baryon chemical potential consistent with lattice QCD in the heavy-quark limit, can be obtained.
Faithfully Rounded Floating-point Computations
Authors: Lange Marko , Rump Siegfried M. 
Published: July 2020

We present a pair arithmetic for the four basic operations and square root. It can be regarded as a simplified, more-efficient double-double arithmetic. The central assumption on the underlying arithmetic is the first standard model for error analysis for operations on a discrete set of real numbers. Neither do we require a floating-point grid nor a rounding to nearest property. Based on that, we define a relative rounding error unit u and prove rigorous error bounds for the computed result of an arbitrary arithmetic expression depending on u, the size of the expression, and possibly a condition measure. In the second part of this note, we extend the error analysis by examining requirements to ensure faithfully rounded outputs and apply our results to IEEE 754 standard conform floating-point systems. For a class of mathematical expressions, using an IEEE 754 standard conform arithmetic with base
β
, the result is proved to be faithfully rounded for up to 1 / √
β
u - 2 operations. Our findings cover a number of previously published algorithms to compute faithfully rounded results, among them Horner’s scheme, products, sums, dot products, or Euclidean norm. Beyond that, several other problems can be analyzed, such as polynomial interpolation, orientation problems, Householder transformations, or the smallest singular value of Hilbert matrices of large size.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is Not Essential for K-Ras–Driven Tumor Growth or Metastasis
Authors: Ghergurovich Jonathan M. , Esposito Mark , Chen Zihong , Wang Joshua Z. , Bhatt Vrushank , Lan Taijin , White Eileen , Kang Yibin , Guo Jessie Yanxiang , Rabinowitz Joshua D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a major contributor to NADPH production and redox homeostasis and its expression is upregulated and correlated with negative patient outcomes in multiple human cancer types. Despite these associations, whether G6PD is essential for tumor initiation, growth, or metastasis remains unclear. Here, we employ modern genetic tools to evaluate the role of G6PD in lung, breast, and colon cancer driven by oncogenic K-Ras. Human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells lacking G6PD exhibited metabolic indicators of oxidative stress, but developed into subcutaneous xenografts with growth comparable with that of wild-type controls. In a genetically engineered mouse model of non–small cell lung cancer driven by K-Ras G12D and p53 deficiency, G6PD knockout did not block formation or proliferation of primary lung tumors. In MDA-MB-231–derived human triple-negative breast cancer cells implanted as orthotopic xenografts, loss of G6PD modestly decreased primary site growth without ablating spontaneous metastasis to the lung and moderately impaired the ability of breast cancer cells to colonize the lung when delivered via tail vein injection. Thus, in the studied K-Ras tumor models, G6PD was not strictly essential for tumorigenesis and at most modestly promoted disease progression.

Significance:
K-Ras–driven tumors can grow and metastasize even in the absence of the oxidative pentose pathway, a main NADPH production route.
Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Adipose–tumor Crosstalk in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Holowatyj Andreana N. , Haffa Mariam , Lin Tengda , Scherer Dominique , Gigic Biljana , Ose Jennifer , Warby Christy A. , Himbert Caroline , Abbenhardt-Martin Clare , Achaintre David , Boehm Juergen , Boucher Kenneth M. , Gicquiau Audrey , Gsur Andrea , Habermann Nina , Herpel Esther , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Keski-Rahkonen Pekka , Kloor Matthias , von Knebel-Doeberitz Magnus , Kok Dieuwertje E. , Nattenmüller Johanna , Schirmacher Peter , Schneider Martin , Schrotz-King Petra , Simon Thomas , Ueland Per M. , Viskochil Richard , Weijenberg Matty P. , Scalbert Augustin , Ulrich Alexis , Bowers Laura W. , Hursting Stephen D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObesity and obesity-driven cancer rates are continuing to rise worldwide. We hypothesize that adipocyte–colonocyte interactions are a key driver of obesity-associated cancers. To understand the clinical relevance of visceral adipose tissue in advancing tumor growth, we analyzed paired tumor-adjacent visceral adipose, normal mucosa, and colorectal tumor tissues as well as presurgery blood samples from patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. We report that high peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) visceral adipose tissue expression is associated with glycoprotein VI (GPVI) signaling—the major signaling receptor for collagen—as well as fibrosis and adipogenesis pathway signaling in colorectal tumors. These associations were supported by correlations between PPARG visceral adipose tissue expression and circulating levels of plasma 4-hydroxyproline and serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), as well as gene set enrichment analysis and joint gene-metabolite pathway results integration that yielded significant enrichment of genes defining epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition—as in fibrosis and metastasis—and genes involved in glycolytic metabolism, confirmed this association. We also reveal that elevated prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) colorectal tumor expression is associated with a fibrotic signature in adipose–tumor crosstalk via GPVI signaling and dendritic cell maturation in visceral adipose tissue. Systemic metabolite and biomarker profiling confirmed that high PTGS2 expression in colorectal tumors is significantly associated with higher concentrations of serum amyloid A and glycine, and lower concentrations of sphingomyelin, in patients with colorectal cancer. This multi-omics study suggests that adipose–tumor crosstalk in patients with colorectal cancer is a critical microenvironment interaction that could be therapeutically targeted.See related spotlight by Colacino et al., p. 803
Mitotic Spindle Apparatus Abnormalities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cells: A Potential Pathway to Lung Cancer
Authors: Thaiparambil Jose , Dong Lingyun , Jasso Diana , Huang Jian-An , El-Zein Randa A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term lung disease characterized by irreversible lung damage resulting in airflow limitation, abnormal permanent air-space enlargement, and emphysema. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of COPD with 15% to 30% of smokers developing either disease. About 50% to 80% of patients with lung cancer have preexisting COPD and smokers who have COPD are at an increased risk for developing lung cancer. Therefore, COPD is considered an independent risk for lung cancer, even after adjusting for smoking. A crucial early event in carcinogenesis is the induction of the genomic instability through alterations in the mitotic spindle apparatus. To date, the underlying mechanism by which COPD contributes to lung cancer risk is unclear. We hypothesized that tobacco smoke carcinogens induce mitotic spindle apparatus abnormalities and alter expression of crucial genes leading to increased genomic instability and ultimately tumorigenesis. To test our hypothesis, we assessed the genotoxic effects of a potent tobacco-smoke carcinogen [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, (NNK)] on bronchial epithelial cells from patients with COPD and normal bronchial epithelial cells and identified genes associated with mitotic spindle defects and chromosome missegregation that also overlap with lung cancer. Our results indicate that exposure to NNK leads to a significantly altered spindle orientation, centrosome amplification, and chromosome misalignment in COPD cells as compared with normal epithelial cells. In addition, we identified several genes (such as AURKA, AURKB, and MAD2L2) that were upregulated and overlap with lung cancer suggesting a potential common pathway in the transition from COPD to lung cancer.
Prevention of Tobacco Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumor Development by a Novel STAT3 Decoy Inhibitor
Authors: Njatcha Christian , Farooqui Mariya , Almotlak Abdulaziz A. , Siegfried Jill M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe STAT3 pathway is frequently overactive in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), an often fatal disease with known risk factors including tobacco and chemical exposures. Whether STAT3 can be downmodulated to delay or prevent development of lung cancer resulting from an environmental exposure has not been previously tested. A circular oligonucleotide STAT3 decoy (CS3D) was used to treat mice previously exposed to the tobacco carcinogen nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. CS3D contains a double-stranded STAT3 DNA response element sequence and interrupts STAT3 signaling by binding to STAT3 dimers, rendering them unable to initiate transcription at native STAT3 DNA binding sites. An intermittent course of CS3D decreased the development of airway preneoplasias by 42% at 1 week posttreatment, reduced the progression of preneoplasia to adenomas by 54% at 8 weeks posttreatment, and reduced the size and number of resulting lung tumors by 49.7% and 29.5%, respectively, at 20 weeks posttreatment. No toxicity was detected. A mutant cyclic oligonucleotide with no STAT3 binding ability was used as a control. Chemopreventive effects were independent of the KRAS mutational status of the tumors. In lungs harvested during and after the treatment course with CS3D, airway preneoplasias had reduced STAT3 signaling. Chemopreventive effects were accompanied by decreased VEGFA expression, ablated IL6, COX-2, and p-NF-κB, and decreased pulmonary M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Thus, downmodulation of STAT3 activity using a decoy molecule both reduced oncogenic signaling in the airway epithelium and favored a lung microenvironment with reduced immunosuppression.
A Pooled Analysis to Compare the Clinical Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus–positive and -Negative Cervical Precancers
Authors: Castle Philip E. , Pierz Amanda J. , Adcock Rachael , Aslam Shagufta , Basu Partha S. , Belinson Jerome L. , Cuzick Jack , El-Zein Mariam , Ferreccio Catterina , Firnhaber Cynthia , Franco Eduardo L. , Gravitt Patti E. , Isidean Sandra D. , Lin John , Mahmud Salaheddin M. , Monsonego Joseph , Muwonge Richard , Ratnam Samuel , Safaeian Mahboobeh , Schiffman Mark , Smith Jennifer S. , Swarts Avril , Wright Thomas C. , Van De Wyngard Vanessa , Xi Long Fu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Given that high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the necessary cause of virtually all cervical cancer, the clinical meaning of HPV-negative cervical precancer is unknown. We, therefore, conducted a literature search in Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar to identify English-language studies in which (i) HPV-negative and -positive, histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe diagnoses (CIN2+) were detected and (ii) summarized statistics or deidentified individual data were available to summarize proportions of biomarkers indicating risk of cancer. Nineteen studies including 3,089 (91.0%) HPV-positive and 307 (9.0%) HPV-negative CIN2+ were analyzed. HPV-positive CIN2+ (vs. HPV-negative CIN2+) was more likely to test positive for biomarkers linked to cancer risk: a study diagnosis of CIN3+ (vs. CIN2; 18 studies; 0.56 vs. 0.24; P &lt; 0.001) preceding high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology (15 studies; 0.54 vs. 0.10; P &lt; 0.001); and high-grade colposcopic impression (13 studies; 0.30 vs. 0.18; P = 0.03). HPV-negative CIN2+ was more likely to test positive for low-risk HPV genotypes than HPV-positive CIN2+ (P &lt; 0.001). HPV-negative CIN2+ appears to have lower cancer risk than HPV-positive CIN2+. Clinical studies of human high-risk HPV testing for screening to prevent cervical cancer may refer samples of HPV test–negative women for disease ascertainment to correct verification bias in the estimates of clinical performance. However, verification bias adjustment of the clinical performance of HPV testing may overcorrect/underestimate its clinical performance to detect truly precancerous abnormalities.
Inflammatory and Insulinemic Dietary Patterns: Influence on Circulating Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: Aroke Desmond , Folefac Edmund , Shi Ni , Jin Qi , Clinton Steven K. , Tabung Fred K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer is common in countries with affluent dietary patterns and represents a heterogeneous collection of subtypes with varying behavior. Reductionist strategies focusing on individual nutrients or foods have not clearly defined risk factors. We have developed mechanisms-based dietary patterns focusing upon inflammation and chronic insulin hypersecretion, processes that are hypothesized to impact prostate carcinogenesis. In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cancer cohort, we calculated the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) scores from food frequency questionnaire data among 3,517 men and women who provided a blood sample at enrollment. We used these scores in multivariable-adjusted linear regression to validate EDIH and EDIP against relevant circulating biomarkers. In a separate sample of 49,317 men, we used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression to evaluate associations of EDIH and EDIP with prostate cancer (total and subtypes) risk. Participants consuming the most hyperinsulinemic diets (EDIH quintile 5) had significantly higher concentrations of C-peptide, insulin, c-reactive protein, TNFα-R2, and lower adiponectin, than those in quintile 1. Similarly, participants consuming the most proinflammatory diets had significantly higher concentrations of IL6, TNFα-R2, C-peptide, insulin, and lower adiponectin. Men consuming hyperinsulinemic diets were at higher total prostate cancer risk: HRquintile5vs1, 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.23; P trend = 0.03, especially high-grade cancer: HRquintile5vs1, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02–1.37; P trend = 0.06. The EDIP was not associated with prostate cancer risk. In summary, EDIH and EDIP predicted concentrations of known insulinemic and inflammatory biomarkers, and EDIH further predicted risk of future prostate cancer. Interventions to reduce the adverse role of hyperinsulinemic diets may be a means of prostate cancer prevention.
Motor Learning of a cognitive-motor task after stroke
Authors: Torriani-Pasin Camila , Palma Gisele Carla dos Santos , Jakabi Cristiane Matsumoto , Walter Cinthya , Freudenheim Andrea Michele , Correa Umberto César 
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was investigated a maze learning in stroke individuals. Forty participants assigned into two groups: experimental (stroke participants; n = 20) and control (neurologically healthy participants; n = 20). The study involved an acquisition phase, a transfer test, and a short-and longterm retention tests. The task consisted in complete a maze, with paper and pen, in the shortest time possible. The dependent variables were execution time and error. Data were analyzed with an Anova- two way with Repeated Measures for these variables. Results showed learning for both groups, but with the experimental group having worse performance compared to control group mainly related error. It was also seen the impact promoted in the task has impaired both groups in the transfer test performance.
Effects of command and guided discovery teaching styles on acquisition and retention of the handstand
Authors: El Khouri Fernanda Buonome , Meira Junior Cassio De Miranda , Rodrigues Graciele Massoli , Miranda Maria Luiza De Jesus 
Published: July 2020

The influential Mosston’s Spectrum of Teaching Styles is a guide to teaching decisions in Physical Education. This highly researched topic has been tested in many contexts so that our focus is centered on the type of skill during motor skill acquisition in physical education settings. Given that the tasks employed in the studies have been either specialized or manipulative fundamental skills, we sought to extend our understanding of the issue addressing the effects of teaching styles in the process of learning a stability fundamental skill. Our purpose was to examine motor and psychological effects of command and guided discovery teaching styles from Mosston's Spectrum in the acquisition and retention of the handstand in scholars. Third graders from a suburban school in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were assigned to a command (n=22) and a guided discovery (n=23) group. The process of learning the handstand lasted six acquisition sessions, carried out between a pretest and a posttest/retention. We used as dependent variables the motor developmental level (initial, elementary and mature), the movement ratings (scores from 0 to 10) and the motivation levels (post-learning self-reported subscales from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory). The guided discovery teaching style led more scholars to reach the mature developmental stage of the handstand on retention compared to the command teaching style. No group differences were detected with respect to ratings or intrinsic motivation. Regardless of the group, the pretest ratings were lower than the posttest ones as well as boys scored higher in pressure and tension subscale as compared to girls. The current findings suggest that both teaching styles promoted motor acquisition, but the guided discovery teaching style seemed to yield superior handstand retention.
Atividade física e nível de flexibilidade de escolares praticantes e não praticantes de dança
Authors: Moratelli Jéssica , Machado Zenite , Farias Gelcemar Oliveira , Seemann Taysi , Guimarães Adriana Coutinho de Azevedo 
Published: July 2020

O estudo transversal, com 197 escolares, com média de idade de 8±0,5 anos, objetivou comparar o nível de atividade física e flexibilidade de escolares praticantes e não praticantes de dança como atividade extraclasse. Utilizaram-se dois questionários: a) em forma de entrevista para os escolares, dividido em informações gerais, nível de atividade física e medidas de flexibilidade: ombro e quadril; b) autoaplicável para os pais e/ou responsáveis, dividido em escolaridade e estrato econômico. Verificou-se que todos os escolares que praticavam dança e Educação Física eram mais ativos que os praticantes apenas das aulas de Educação Física. Os escolares que praticavam dança e Educação Física passavam uma hora a menosem tela do que os escolares que praticavam só Educação Física. Houve diferença significativa (p= 0,019) na flexibilidade de quadril, no qual observou-se valores maiores para os praticantes de dança e Educação Física (34%), quando comparados aos praticantes de Educação Física (14,6%). Para a flexibilidade de ombros, os escolares que praticavam dança e Educação Física encontraram-se na faixa recomendável (40%), enquanto os praticantes de Educação Física, em condição de risco (45%), não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos. Quando comparados com o nível de atividade física, ambos os escolares, tanto os considerados ativos, quanto os insuficientemente ativos apresentaram-se em condição de risco para flexibilidade de quadril e ombros. Conclui-se que os escolares que praticavam as aulas de Educação Física e dança eram mais ativos e possuíam flexibilidade de quadril superior aos escolares que praticavam apenas aulas de Educação Física.