bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pass-block architecture for distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution using silicon photonics
Authors: Dai Jincheng , Zhang Lei , Fu Xin , Zheng Xuezhe , Yang Lin 
Published: March 2020

Secure transmission of information is an indispensable part of the government and individual activities. Quantum key distribution (QKD), ascribed to its security based on the laws of quantum mechanics, has become an urgent research task to eliminate the rapidly growing threats of the ever-evolving large-scale quantum computing. In this Letter, we propose a silicon photonics transmitter using a pass-block architecture and experimentally demonstrated its performance with a demodulation chip for high-speed distributed-phase-reference QKD. We show estimated asymptotic secret key rates of 792 kbps for coherent-one-way protocol and 940 kbps for differential-phase-shift protocol over a 20 km emulated fiber link. This work provides new levels of flexibility, to the best of our knowledge, of using silicon photonics devices to incorporate QKD into future telecommunications networks.
Human rights, sanitation, and sewers
Authors: Greene Dobbins ELizabeth 
Published: March 2020

The human rights that are enshrined in most western democracies are based on enlightenment ideals of freedom, equality, and justice. Although these core principles are inspirational, their application has not necessarily been equitable or complete enough to provide for the stability, safety, health, and security of all citizens. A more modern understanding of human rights encompasses that which is needed to establish human flourishing, including guaranteed access to water, particularly the clean water provided by adequate sanitation. Without confidence in broad safety and health, and established norms for individual protections, it is difficult for a society to be stable and flourish. Although this argument begins with political philosophy, it ends with a case study in Alabama, one of the poorest states in the United States. This study evaluates the dysfunction caused to local communities and greater society when governmental organizations fail to provide sanitation and guarantee public health for their communities.
Targeting of parvulin interactors by diazirine mediated cross-linking discloses a cellular role of human Par14/17 in actin polymerization
Authors: Goehring Anna , Michin Irina , Gerdes Tina , Schulze Nina , Blueggel Mike , Rehic Edisa , Kaschani Farnusch , Kaiser Markus , Bayer Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) Parvulin 14 (Par14) and Parvulin 17 (Par17) result from alternative transcription initiation of the PIN4 gene. Whereas Par14 is present in all metazoan, Par17 is only expressed in Hominidae. Par14 resides mainly within the cellular nucleus, while Par17 is translocated into mitochondria. Using photo-affinity labeling, cross-linking and mass spectrometry (MS) we identified binding partners for both enzymes from HeLa lysates and disentangled their cellular roles. Par14 is involved in biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-complexes, RNA processing and DNA repair. Its elongated isoform Par17 participates in protein transport/translocation and in cytoskeleton organization. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy reveals that Par17 binds to β-actin with its N-terminal region, while both parvulins initiate actin polymerization depending on their PPIase activity as monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. The knockdown (KD) of Par17 in HCT116 cells results in a defect in cell motility and migration.
Reliability and Validity of a Method for the Assessment of Sport Rock Climbers' Isometric Finger Strength
Authors: Torr Oliver , Randall Thomas , Knowles Remus , Giles David , Atkins Stephen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Torr, O, Randall, T, Knowles, R, Giles, D, and Atkins, S. The reliability and validity of a method for the assessment of sport rock climbers' isometric finger strength. J Strength Cond Res 36(8): 2277–2282, 2022—Isometric strength of the finger flexors is considered to be one of the main physical determinants of sport rock climbing performance. We set out to determine the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of a low resource maximal isometric finger strength (MIFS) testing protocol that uses a pulley system to add or remove weight to/from a climber's body. To determine test-retest reliability, 15 subjects' MIFS was assessed on 2 occasions, separated by a minimum of 48 hours. Body mass and maximum load were recorded on both occasions. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) between visits for all variables were very good (ICC > 0.91), with small bias and effect sizes—particularly when expressed as a percentage of body mass (ICC = 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.93–0.99). To determine the criterion validity of MIFS and climbing ability, data of 229 intermediate to higher elite climbers were compared. Pearson's product moment correlations demonstrated good agreement, again particularly between total load when expressed as a percentage of body mass and climbing performance (r = 0.421–0.503). The results illustrate the sensitivity of a simple test for the determination of MIFS in intermediate to height elite climbers from an ecologically valid, climbing specific test that only requires equipment found at most climbing walls. This low resource test protocol for the assessment of isometric finger strength has wide-reaching utility, for instance when assessing strength before and after a training intervention or when prescribing load intensities for exercises aimed at improving maximal finger strength.
Effect of Asymmetry on Biomechanical Characteristics During 180° Change of Direction
Authors: Thomas Christopher , Dos'Santos Thomas , Comfort Paul , Jones Paul A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Thomas, C, Dos'Santos, T, Comfort, P, and Jones, PA. Effect of asymmetry on biomechanical characteristics during 180° change of direction. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1297–1306, 2020—The aim of this study was to explore the effect of asymmetry on biomechanical characteristics during two 180° change of direction (CoD) tasks (505 and modified 505 [505mod]). Fifty-two male (n = 24; age = 22.1 ± 4.8 years; height = 1.78 ± 0.06 m; body mass = 76.9 ± 10.8 kg) and female (n = 28; age = 19.1 ± 1.7 years; height = 1.67 ± 0.06 m; body mass = 60.4 ± 7.4 kg) team-sport players were recruited for this investigation. Three-dimensional motion data using 10 Qualisys Oqus 7 infrared cameras (240 Hz) and ground reaction force (GRF) data from 2 AMTI force platforms (1,200 Hz) were collected to analyze penultimate contacts (PEN) and final foot contacts. A series of repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to examine for differences in each dependent variable. Significant differences existed between dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limbs for knee abduction angle (KAA) during 505mod (p = 0.048), while significant differences existed for peak horizontal and vertical GRF (vGRF) (p < 0.001) during 505. For both tasks, the PEN involved significantly greater peak vGRF, hip flexion angles, hip extensor moments, knee flexion angles, and knee extensor moments, but lower average vGRF, horizontal GRF, and peak ankle extensor moments. For 505, the ND limb involved significantly greater peak vGRF, but the opposite was revealed for peak horizontal GRF. For 505mod, the D limb involved significantly greater KAAs. Finally, there was a significant interaction (group × limb) for peak horizontal GRF ratio during 505. For both tasks, there was no interaction or main effects for time to completion. Therefore, it appears asymmetry influences GRFs and KAAs, but not completion time during 180° CoD in team-sport players.
Early Results of a Novel Single-Stage Hybrid Aortic Arch Replacement Technique to Reduce Bypass and Circulatory Arrest Duration
Authors: Bhamidipati Castigliano Murthy , Pal Jay D 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Objective: Hybrid repair procedures of the aortic arch have been utilized to reduce surgical risks and apply this therapy to patients who would not traditionally be candidates for open surgical repair. We present a variation on the frozen elephant trunk technique to further reduce cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest duration.
Methods: After initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and during systemic cooling, a wire is advanced from the femoral artery into the aortic arch. In the case of aortic dissection, intravascular ultrasound is used to confirm true lumen placement. Under circulatory arrest, the proximal aortic arch is resected and the wire externalized. Antegrade deployment of a stent graft is performed into the aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. The ascending aortic graft is sewn to the cut end of the aorta, incorporating the stent graft. The graft is cannulated and cardiopulmonary bypass reinitiated. The remainder of the arch replacement is performed during re-warming.
Results: Twenty two patients underwent this novel hybrid arch replacement procedure for aortic pseudoaneurysm, aortic dissection, or aneurysm. In comparison to the frozen elephant trunk procedure, where a dacron graft is inserted into the descending aorta, and later fixed with an endograft, this technique allows for immediate distal fixation. In the case of aortic dissection, there is immediate expansion of the true lumen with distal seal, potentially obviating the need for additional procedures. Mean duration of follow up is 12 months (range 1 – 14 months). The mean duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 109.32 ±3.14 minutes. The mean duration of circulatory arrest was 18.00 ±1.33 minutes at a mean temperature of 23.64 ±0.58 degrees Celsius. There were no mortalities, no permanent disabling strokes, and no renal failure (requiring dialysis).
Conclusions: This novel hybrid technique for aortic arch replacement is safe, significantly reduces cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest times, and is performed readily without need for fluoroscopy. In patients with thoracoabdominal aneurysms, the stent graft can be used as an elephant trunk for further thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair or branched thoracic endovascular aortic repair procedures.
Verificación de niveles de atenuación de protectores auditivos tipo copa en trabajadores del sector Hidrocarburos
Authors: Upegui-Rincon Sildrey , Araque-Muñoz Luis Guillermo , Lizarazo-Salcedo Cesar German , Berrio Garcia Shyrle , Guarguati-Ariza Juliana Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Verificar los niveles de atenuación de dos tipos de protectores auditivos de copa bajo condiciones reales de operación.Métodos Se realizó un diseño experimental de medidas repetidas de los niveles de presión sonora al interior y exterior de los protectores auditivos, realizando mediciones de ruido bajo circunstancias habituales de trabajo para operadores de una planta de hidrocarburos.Posteriormente, se determinaron las diferencias entre los niveles de atenuación establecidos por el fabricante, los niveles de atenuación ajustados bajo el método recomendado por NIOSH y los niveles de atenuación obtenidos experimentalmente.Resultados Los valores de atenuación ofrecidos por los fabricantes difieren de los obtenidos experimentalmente, siendo estos últimos, menores en todos los casos del estudio. Los valores de atenuación de los protectores auditivos ajustados bajo el método NIOSH alcanzaron valores más cercanos a los experimentales.Conclusiones La variabilidad entre los valores de atenuación teóricos y experimentales, permiten establecer que las estimaciones de los niveles de atenuación obtenidos en condiciones controladas no consideran aspectos que en condiciones reales de uso afectan la eficiencia del protector auditivo. Este estudio plantea la necesidad de implementarprogramas integrales de protección auditiva, que permitan considerar variables asociadas a la eficacia del dispositivo en condiciones de uso, a través de la aplicación de pruebas de ajuste o en su defecto a través de la aplicación de los factores de ajuste sugeridos por NIOSH, con el fin de realizar una adecuada selección que permita alcanzar un control efectivo para el ruido.
The Subject-Object Field of the Russian Media Studies: the Metatheoretic Approach
Authors: Vartanova Elena , Anikina Maria , Gureeva Anna , Dunas Denis 
Published: March 2020

The article considers the specifics of the modern studies of the media and mass communications. It describes the possibility and the necessity of metatheoretic research in this field similarly to the studies in social sciences. The authors stress the need for analytical research aimed at conceptualizing the existing approaches to the media studies. The paper presents the methods and the results of the analysis of the dissertations in 10.01.10 — Journalism which belong to the period from 2012 to 2016. This period was chosen as a relevant one taking into account the necessity of studying the real state of the modern media research projects with a possibility of identifying certain dynamics of the researchers’ interest in the context of digitization, extension of communication space and transformation of sociocultural practices. The communication process scheme was taken as a basis of the empirical analysis. It includes a communicator, a channel of communication, its content, audience and communication effect and is completed by contextual factors of interaction. Taking into account the obtained empirical data, the study demonstrates the misbalance of the scholars’ attention to different elements of the communication process and the stress on separate elements of the mass communication process. It also points out the lack of studies dedicated to the modern media audience. The authors trace certain disproportion of the scientific knowledge structure about the media sphere, the lack of generalizations and also emphasize the difficulties in the description of the subject-object field of the media studies caused by inconstancy and changeability of the media landscape. The authors suppose that the typological specifics of dissertation works on journalism and mass communications could be seen as a factor of a general media theory construction.
Stories About Russians in the English-Language Media: Construction of National-Civiс Identity
Authors: Sumskaya Anna , Sumskoy Pavel 
Published: March 2020

The “Russian threat”, popularized by many foreign media sources, actualized a request to continue the study of the national-civic identity of Russians. The study is based on the communicative behavior of subjects in the media and in the collective cultural memory. The article is dedicated to the detection of the repertoire of identifications, the construction of the discursive identity of Russians by the subjects of communication in the English-language media space. The identification was carried out in the course of the analysis of speech statements, the subjective positions of the communicators, reflecting the formed collective communicative and cultural memory. On the basis of the structural-semiotic approach, the concept of cultural memory by J. and A. Assmann and the Russian cultural model built by M. Bergelson, English-language texts about Russia and Russians were analyzed. The system of text-generating practices and codes of journalistic discourse formed by E.V. Chepkina, the network principle of organization of discursive identity introduced by L.V. Enina, the concept of plotting by V.Ya. Propp and the types of K. Booker's stories were used to detect the identities of Russians in journalistic discourse. Basing their research on the analysis of 22 journalistic stories, the authors come to the following conclusion: domestic and foreign authors use similar facts in their stories about Russians, but in the end they formulate opposite positions and construct different meanings. What is recognized as “a norm” by Russian communicators, causes confusion among foreign authors. This is a reflection of the previously assigned communicative behavior during the Cold War era, low-contextual cultural traditions and the national cultural memory of foreign actors. Most likely, this distinction is now used by political communicators to support intentionally organized “information confrontations”. Foreign journalists admit that one-dimensional “formalized patterns” are not applicable to understanding the identity of Russians. In the analyzed texts, the authors, first of all, translate or search for a “Soviet” and “traditional” cultural model (according to M. Bergelson). Perhaps, this is important for the implementation of the “adjustment” of Russians in the current geopolitical situation, and, moreover, it helps to broadcast what has proved to be a successful “defensive position” for centuries. At the same time, both domestic and foreign journalists identify the character of a Russian as of a “Hero” in the process of “Searching and finding a goal”.
Employees’ Motivation in Public and Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A Study on Need-Based Approach
Authors: Rahman Md. Hasebur 
Published: March 2020

Motivation remains a key secrete of managing people at organizational interfaces. Different people from differ background come together within organization having different aims incompatible to organizational aims. Motivation acts as key forces to drive diversified workforce to meet organizational objectives. In Bangladesh Performance of public commercial bank in comparison to the private commercial bank has long been a point of dissuasion. This study has made a comparison between employees of public and private commercial bank in Bangladesh regarding their motivation on the basis of need theories of motivation. Their motivation level was measured and compared on the basis of two major constructs identified from the literature review. These construct are perception about the benefits received from the job, and perception about the job nature and job environment in the banking organization. It is found that employees of private commercial bank scored slightly higher in both the construct however there is no significant differences have been proved about benefit received from the job and perception about job nature and environment. Differences were found between the two groups on the relative perception they placed on existing factors of motivation.
JEL Classification Code: G20; G29
A study of alanine aminotransferase - aspartate aminotransferase as a marker of advanced alcoholic liver disease
Authors: N. Aravind G. , K. Abhilash , Farooq Syed Umar 
Published: March 2020

Background: Alcohol is one of the most common etiology for chronic liver disease. There are several enzymes which remain elevated in both excessive Alcohol consumption and Alcohol induced liver cirrhosis1. But none is sensitive or specific. The ratio of Aspartate transaminase (AST) with Alanine transaminase (ALT) is one of the best marker for alcohol liver disease. Current study mainly compares the ratio of AST/ALT with both Alcoholic liver disease and excessive Alcohol consumption patients.Methods: Observational, cross sectional study conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease and 50 patients of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Either admitted or seen on outpatient basis at Bangalore medical college and research institute and data was compared among the groups and appropriate statistical methods are applied.Results: The mean ratio of AST/ALT ratio in 50 patients of alcoholic liver disease group was 3.45, whereas the mean ratio in 50 patient of alcohol withdrawal was about 99. When compared statistically this ratio was significant in chronic liver disease group.Conclusions: Most of the patients with heavy alcohol drinking had high AST and alt levels. But ratio of AST/ALT levels was significant high and suggest chronic liver disease secondary to alcohol.
Random Parameters and Spatial Heterogeneity using Rchoice in R
Authors: Sarrias Mauricio 
Published: March 2020

This study focus on models with spatially varying coefficients using simulations. As shown by Sarrias (2019), this modeling strategy is intended to complement the existing approaches by using variables at micro level and by adding flexibility and realism to the potential domain of the coefficient on the geographical space. Spatial heterogeneity is modelled by allowing the parameters associated with each observed variable to vary “randomly” across space according to some distribution. To show the main advantages of this modeling strategy, the Rchoice package in R is used.
Zastosowanie modulatorów receptorów sfingozyno-1-fosforanu w leczeniu nieswoistych chorób zapalnych jelit
Authors: Szymaszkiewicz Kamil , Szymaszkiewicz Agata , Fichna Jakub 
Published: March 2020

Sfingozyno-1-fosforan (S1P) jest przedstawicielem sfingolipidów o wysokiej aktywności biologicznej. Ze względu na swój wpływ na migrację komórek odpornościowych uznawany jest za istotny element w patogenezie wielu chorób, takich jak: toczeń układowy, stwardnienie rozsiane czy nieswoiste choroby zapalne jelit (NChZJ).
Nieswoiste choroby zapalne jelit to grupa przewlekłych i postępujących schorzeń układu pokarmowego, które przebiegają z okresami zaostrzeń i remisji. Do najczęstszych zalicza się: chorobę Leśniowskiego-Crohna (ChLC) oraz wrzodziejące zapalenie jelita grubego (WZJG). Obecnie w leczeniu NChZJ stosuje się związki o działaniu przeciwzapalnym i immunomodulującym, których zadaniem jest złagodzenie objawów oraz wprowadzenie pacjenta w stan remisji.
W ramach tego artykułu omówiona zostanie rola S1P, receptora dla S1P oraz enzymów biorących udział w jego metabolizmie w warunkach fizjologicznych oraz w przebiegu NChZJ. Ponadto, podsumowane zostaną wyniki badań przedklinicznych i klinicznych nad skutecznością modulatorów receptora dla S1P w przebiegu NChZJ.
El bajo peso al nacer: otro ejemplo de inequidad en Colombia
Authors: Gaitán D. Hernando , Delgado N. Mario 
Published: March 2020

La mortalidad perinatal es un indicador de la salud materno-infantil que evalúa la calidad del control prenatal, y se considera una causa de muerte evitable1 que comprende las muertes fetales ocurridas entre la semana 22 y el 7º día de nacimiento.2 Dentro de la mortalidad perinatal, el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) tiene una gran importancia. Este problema afectó, según el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), al 8,4% de los Recién Nacidos (RN) vivos en Colombia en el año 2006.3 También afecta, de manera importante, la mortalidad en menores de 1 año ya que se halla estrechamente relacionada con los trastornos respiratorios específicos del período perinatal y las mal definidas "otras afecciones del período perinatal" que causan, respectivamente, 25% y 10% de la mortalidad en menores de un año en el país.4 En este orden de ideas, el bajo peso al nacer tiene un importante efecto sobre la carga de enfermedad para la sociedad colombiana.5