bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of fibroblast growth factor 21 with alcohol consumption and alcohol liver cirrhosis
Authors: Wagner-Skacel Jolana , Horvath Angela , Grande Philipp , Wenninger Julian , Matzer Franziska , Fazekas Christian , Mörkl Sabrina , Meinitzer Andreas , Stadlbauer Vanessa 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBackgroundFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is produced in the liver and binds to different complex receptor/coreceptor systems. Besides many other processes, FGF21 regulates the intake of simple sugars and alcohol. Increased levels of FGF21 decrease harmful alcohol intake in mice. To increase our understanding on the relationship between FGF21 and alcohol intake in humans, we aimed to measure FGF21 levels in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) in comparison to patients with nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis (NALC) and healthy persons based on their present alcohol consumption.MethodsAlcohol intake was verified by urinary ethyl glucuronide (uETG) levels, eating and drinking behaviour by a Food Frequency Questionnaire and FGF 21 plasma levels were determined by ELISA in 96 persons (ALCn = 41; NALCn = 34; healthyn = 21).ResultsBoth ALC and NALC patients with elevated ETG levels (≥0.5 μg/ml; indicating alcohol consumption in the last 12–72 h) showed significantly higher FGF21 plasma levels in comparison to patients with negative ETG levels. Eating behaviour did not have an impact on FGF21 plasma levels.ConclusionsIncreased FGF21 levels in patients with recent alcohol consumption (verified by ETG) confirmed the first part of the liver–brain endocrine axis: alcohol consumption was associated with increased FGF21 levels. We could not confirm that elevated FGF21 levels were associated with reduced alcohol intake as a result. That points towards a pathology in this pathway, which might be caused by a malfunction of β‑Klotho or FGF receptors according to other studies and chronic alcohol dependency. Further research is required to clarify these pathologies, which may open new pharmacological treatment for patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol dependence.
Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: looking back and moving forward
Authors: Gavin B. , Lyne J. , McNicholas F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 continues to exert unprecedented challenges for society and it is now well recognised that mental health is a key healthcare issue related to the pandemic. The current edition of the Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine focusses on the impact of COVID-19 on mental illness by combining historical review papers, current perspectives and original research. It is important that psychiatrists leading mental health services in Ireland continue to advocate for mental health supports for healthcare workers and their patients, while aiming to deliver services flexibly. As the pandemic evolves, it remains to be seen whether the necessary funding to deliver effective mental healthcare will be allocated to psychiatric services. Ongoing service evaluation and research is needed as the myriad impacts of the pandemic continue to evolve. In a time of severe budgetary constraints, ensuring optimum use of scare resources becomes an imperative.
Learner attitudes and attention to form in peer interaction: A proposal to replicate Adams et al. (2011) and Philp et al. (2010)
Authors: Sato Masatoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch into peer interaction continues to grow and new findings with new designs have been reported. However, there remain theoretical and methodological issues that replication studies can address. In this article, I first discuss theoretical frameworks that have been used to investigate peer interaction, namely, interactionist, sociocultural, and psychological. I explain that, regardless of theoretical frameworks, peer interaction effectiveness has been at least partly accounted for by the ways in which learners temporarily shift their attention to linguistic issues during meaningful interaction, via peer feedback or language-related episodes (LREs). Current research also suggests that learner attitudes mediate this interactional behavior. To fill the gaps in this issue, I make methodological suggestions for replication research of Adams, Nuevo, & Egi (2011) and Philp, Walter, & Basturkmen (2010), including intervention materials, transcript analysis, statistical design, and internal validity control. I conclude the paper with pedagogical implications that may arise from replication studies.
Experimentally Induced Volumetric Re‐equilibration of Plagioclase‐Hosted Melt Inclusions
Authors: Drignon Mélissa J. , Arbaret Laurent , Cluzel Nicolas , Nielsen Roger L. , Bodnar Robert J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe application of melt inclusions (MI) to infer magmatic processes assumes the MI have remained as constant mass, constant volume systems since the time of trapping. Understanding the effects of both compositional and volumetric re‐equilibration is key for the interpretation of MI data. Although the re‐equilibration behavior MI in quartz and olivine has been studied in some detail, the process is less understood for other MI host phases such as plagioclase, a common phase in igneous rocks. A MI can re‐equilibrate when it experiences pressure and temperature (PT) conditions that differ from formation PT conditions. During laboratory heating, irreversible MI expansion may occur. As a result, the internal pressure within the MI decreases, resulting in chemical and structural changes to the MI and host. We present results of heating experiments on plagioclase‐hosted MI designed to induce volumetric re‐equilibration. The experiments consisted of incrementally heating the MI to temperatures above the homogenization temperatures. At ∼40°C above, the temperature at which the daughter minerals melted, irreversible volume expansion lowered the pressure in the MI, and led to exsolution of CO2 into vapor bubbles. With each additional few degrees of heating, additional episodes of CO2 exsolution, bubble nucleation and expansion of the vapor bubbles occurred. Re‐equilibration of MI in plagioclase occurred through a combination of ductile and brittle deformation of the host surrounding the MI, whereas previous studies have shown that MI in olivine re‐equilibrate dominantly through ductile deformation associated with movement along dislocations. This behavior is consistent with the differing rheological properties of these phases.
Eosinophils improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Chongzhe , Liu Tianxiao , Deng Zhiyong , Fang Wenqian , Zhang Xian , Li Jie , Huang Qin , Liu Conglin , Wang Yunzhe , Yang Dafeng , Sukhova Galina K. , Lindholt Jes S. , Diederichsen Axel , Rasmussen Lars M. , Li Dazhu , Newton Gail , Luscinskas Francis W. , Liu Lijun , Libby Peter , Wang Jing , Guo Junli , Shi Guo-Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClinical studies reveal changes in blood eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic proteins that may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here we report an increase of blood or heart eosinophil counts in humans and mice after myocardial infarction (MI), mostly in the infarct region. Genetic or inducible depletion of eosinophils exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and fibrosis post-MI, with concurrent acute increase of heart and chronic increase of splenic neutrophils and monocytes. Mechanistic studies reveal roles of eosinophil IL4 and cationic protein mEar1 in blocking H2O2- and hypoxia-induced mouse and human cardiomyocyte death, TGF-β-induced cardiac fibroblast Smad2/3 activation, and TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on the heart endothelial cell monolayer. In vitro-cultured eosinophils from WT mice or recombinant mEar1 protein, but not eosinophils from IL4-deficient mice, effectively correct exacerbated cardiac dysfunctions in eosinophil-deficient ∆dblGATA mice. This study establishes a cardioprotective role of eosinophils in post-MI hearts.
FUT2–ABO epistasis increases the risk of early childhood asthma and Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory illnesses
Authors: Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Eliasen Anders U. , Sevelsted Astrid , Pedersen Casper-Emil T. , Stokholm Jakob , Chawes Bo , Bork-Jensen Jette , Grarup Niels , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Linneberg Allan , Sharma Amitabh , Weiss Scott T. , Evans Michael D. , Jackson Daniel J. , Morin Andreanne , Krogfelt Karen A. , Schjørring Susanne , Mortensen Preben B. , Hougaard David M. , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Børglum Anders D. , Werge Thomas , Agerbo Esben , Gern James E. , Lemanske Robert F. , Ober Carole , Pedersen Anders G. , Bisgaard Hans , Bønnelykke Klaus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAsthma with severe exacerbation is the most common cause of hospitalization among young children. We aim to increase the understanding of this clinically important disease entity through a genome-wide association study. The discovery analysis comprises 2866 children experiencing severe asthma exacerbation between ages 2 and 6 years, and 65,415 non-asthmatic controls, and we replicate findings in 918 children from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC) birth cohorts. We identify rs281379 near FUT2/MAMSTR on chromosome 19 as a novel risk locus (OR = 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11–1.25), Pdiscovery = 2.6 × 10−9) as well as a biologically plausible interaction between functional variants in FUT2 and ABO. We further discover and replicate a potential causal mechanism behind this interaction related to S. pneumoniae respiratory illnesses. These results suggest a novel mechanism of early childhood asthma and demonstrates the importance of phenotype-specificity for discovery of asthma genes and epistasis.
QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis of seed vigor-related traits during artificial aging in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Shi Huawei , Guan Wanghui , Shi Yugang , Wang Shuguang , Fan Hua , Yang Jinwen , Chen Weiguo , Zhang Wenjun , Sun Daizhen , Jing Ruilian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh vigor seeds have greater yield potential than those with low vigor; however, long-term storage leads to a decline in this trait. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging conditions using a high-density genetic linkage map of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and mine the related candidate genes. A doubled haploid population, derived from a cross between Hanxuan 10 × Lumai 14, was used as the experimental material. Six controlled-environment treatments were set up, i.e. the seeds were aged for 0, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h at a high temperature (48 °C) and under high humidity (relative humidity 100%). Eight traits including seed germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, seedling length, root length, seedling weight, vigor index, and simple vigor index were measured. With the prolongation of artificial aging treatment, these traits showed a continuous downward trend and significant correlations were observed between most of them. A total of 49 additive QTLs for seed vigor-related traits were mapped onto 12 chromosomes (1B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6D, and 7A); and each one accounted for 6.01–17.18% of the phenotypic variations. Twenty-five pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected on all chromosomes, except for 5D, 6A, and 7D, and each epistasis accounted for 7.35–26.06% of the phenotypic variations. Three additive QTL hot spots were found on chromosomes 5A, 5B, and 5D, respectively. 13 QTLs, QGEe5B, QGIe5B, QSLc5B, QSLd5B, QSLf5B, QRLd5B, QRLe5B, QRLf5B, QVId5B, QVIe5B, QVIf5B, QSVId5B, and QSVIe5B, were located in the marker interval AX-94643729 ~ AX-110529646 on 5B and the physical interval 707,412,449–710,959,479 bp. Genes including TRAESCS5B01G564900, TRAESCS5B01G564200, TRAESCS5B01G562600, TraesCS5B02G562700, TRAESCS5B01G561300, TRAESCS5B01G561400, and TRAESCS5B01G562100, located in this marker interval, were found to be involved in regulating the processes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, transcription, and cell division during the germination of aging seeds, thus they were viewed as candidate genes for seed viability-related traits. These findings provide the basis for the seed-based cloning and functional identification of related candidate genes for seed vigor.
ProbeDealer is a convenient tool for designing probes for highly multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Hu Mengwei , Yang Bing , Cheng Yubao , Radda Jonathan S. D. , Chen Yanbo , Liu Miao , Wang Siyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful method to visualize the spatial positions of specific genomic loci and RNA species. Recent technological advances have leveraged FISH to visualize these features in a highly multiplexed manner. Notable examples include chromatin tracing, RNA multiplexed error-robust FISH (MERFISH), multiplexed imaging of nucleome architectures (MINA), and sequential single-molecule RNA FISH. However, one obstacle to the broad adoption of these methods is the complexity of the multiplexed FISH probe design. In this paper, we introduce an easy-to-use, versatile, and all-in-one application called ProbeDealer to design probes for a variety of multiplexed FISH techniques and their combinations. ProbeDealer offers a one-stop shop for multiplexed FISH design needs of the research community.
Picene and PTCDI based solution processable ambipolar OFETs
Authors: Balambiga Balu , Dheepika Ramachandran , Devibala Paneerselvam , Imran Predhanekar Mohamed , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFacile and efficient solution-processed bottom gate top contact organic field-effect transistor was fabricated by employing the active layer of picene (donor, D) and N,N′-di(dodecyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (acceptor, A). Balanced hole (0.12 cm2/Vs) and electron (0.10 cm2/Vs) mobility with Ion/off of 104 ratio were obtained for 1:1 ratio of D/A blend. On increasing the ratio of either D or A, the charge carrier mobility and Ion/off ratio improved than that of the pristine molecules. Maximum hole (µmax,h) and electron mobilities (µmax,e) were achieved up to 0.44 cm2/Vs for 3:1 and 0.25 cm2/Vs for 1:3, (D/A) respectively. This improvement is due to the donor phase function as the trap center for minority holes and decreased trap density of the dielectric layer, and vice versa. High ionization potential (− 5.71 eV) of 3:1 and lower electron affinity of (− 3.09 eV) of 1:3 supports the fine tuning of frontier molecular orbitals in the blend. The additional peak formed for the blends at high negative potential of − 1.3 V in cyclic voltammetry supports the molecular level electronic interactions of D and A. Thermal studies supported the high thermal stability of D/A blends and SEM analysis of thin films indicated their efficient molecular packing. Quasi-π–π stacking owing to the large π conjugated plane and the crystallinity of the films are well proved by GIXRD. DFT calculations also supported the electronic distribution of the molecules. The electron density of states (DOS) of pristine D and A molecules specifies the non-negligible interaction coupling among the molecules. This D/A pair has unlimited prospective for plentiful electronic applications in non-volatile memory devices, inverters and logic circuits.
Temporal changes in reproductive success and optimal breeding decisions in a long-distance migratory bird
Authors: Reséndiz-Infante Cynthia , Gauthier Gilles 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany avian migrants have not adjusted breeding phenology to climate warming resulting in negative consequences for their offspring. We studied seasonal changes in reproductive success of the greater snow goose (Anser caerulescens atlantica), a long-distance migrant. As the climate warms and plant phenology advances, the mismatch between the timing of gosling hatch and peak nutritive quality of plants will increase. We predicted that optimal laying date yielding highest reproductive success occurred earlier over time and that the seasonal decline in reproductive success increased. Over 25 years, reproductive success of early breeders increased by 42%, producing a steeper seasonal decline in reproductive success. The difference between the laying date producing highest reproductive success and the median laying date of the population increased, which suggests an increase in the selection pressure for that trait. Observed clutch size was lower than clutch size yielding the highest reproductive success for most laying dates. However, at the individual level, clutch size could still be optimal if the additional time required to acquire nutrients to lay extra eggs is compensated by a reduction in reproductive success due to a delayed laying date. Nonetheless, breeding phenology may not respond sufficiently to meet future environmental changes induced by warming temperatures.
Growth of sillenite Bi12FeO20 single crystals: structural, thermal, optical, photocatalytic features and first principle calculations
Authors: Vavilapalli Durga Sankar , Melvin Ambrose A. , Bellarmine F. , Mannam Ramanjaneyulu , Velaga Srihari , Poswal Himanshu K. , Dixit Ambesh , Ramachandra Rao M. S. , Singh Shubra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdeal sillenite type Bi12FeO20 (BFO) micron sized single crystals have been successfully grown via inexpensive hydrothermal method. The refined single crystal X-ray diffraction data reveals cubic Bi12FeO20 structure with single crystal parameters. Occurrence of rare Fe4+ state is identified via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The lattice parameter (a) and corresponding molar volume (Vm) of Bi12FeO20 have been measured in the temperature range of 30–700 °C by the X-ray diffraction method. The thermal expansion coefficient (α) 3.93 × 10–5 K−1 was calculated from the measured values of the parameters. Electronic structure and density of states are investigated by first principle calculations. Photoelectrochemical measurements on single crystals with bandgap of 2 eV reveal significant photo response. The photoactivity of as grown crystals were further investigated by degrading organic effluents such as Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) under natural sunlight. BFO showed photodegradation efficiency about 74.23% and 32.10% for degrading MB and CR respectively. Interesting morphology and microstructure of pointed spearhead like BFO crystals provide a new insight in designing and synthesizing multifunctional single crystals.
Phylogenetic structure of Salmonella Enteritidis provides context for a foodborne outbreak in Peru
Authors: Quino Willi , Caro-Castro Junior , Mestanza Orson , Hurtado Carmen V. , Zamudio Maria L. , Gavilan Ronnie G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSalmonella Enteritidis, an important foodborne zoonosis, has a dramatically increased number of cases around the world. To explore the phylogenetic structure of Peruvian Salmonella Enteritidis strains and their relationship with an outbreak occurred in 2018, we analyzed a comprehensive strains of S. Enteritidis received by the National Institute of Health during the period 2000–2018. A total of 180 strains were characterized by microbiological procedures, serotyping and whole genome sequencing. Based on genome sequences annotated, virulence factors and accessory genes were identified. Phylogenetic and population structure analysis were also analyzed based on SNPs. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the genomes into two well-supported clades that were consistent with population structure analysis. The clinical and food strains corresponding to the outbreak were included in the same cluster, which presented the sdhA gene, related to the increase of the virulence of this pathogen. The phylogenetic relationship of Peruvian S. Enteritidis suggests the presence of four S. enteritidis population with high epidemiological importance.
Fingerprint of climate change in precipitation aggressiveness across the central Mediterranean (Italian) area
Authors: Diodato Nazzareno , Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Bellocchi Gianni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRainfall erosivity and its derivative, erosivity density (ED, i.e., the erosivity per unit of rain), is a main driver of considerable environmental damages and economic losses worldwide. This study is the first to investigate the interannual variability, and return periods, of both rainfall erosivity and ED over the Mediterranean for the period 1680–2019. By capturing the relationship between seasonal rainfall, its variability, and recorded hydrological extremes in documentary data consistent with a sample (1981–2015) of detailed Revised Universal Soil Loss Erosion-based data, we show a noticeable decreasing trend of rainfall erosivity since about 1838. However, the 30-year return period of ED values indicates a positive long-term trend, in tandem with the resurgence of very wet days (> 95th percentile) and the erosive activity of rains during the past two decades. A possible fingerprint of recent warming is the occurrence of prolonged wet spells in apparently more erratic and unexpected ways.
An update to the Monro–Kellie doctrine to reflect tissue compliance after severe ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Kalisvaart Anna C. J. , Wilkinson Cassandra M. , Gu Sherry , Kung Tiffany F. C. , Yager Jerome , Winship Ian R. , van Landeghem Frank K. H. , Colbourne Frederick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh intracranial pressure (ICP) can impede cerebral blood flow resulting in secondary injury or death following severe stroke. Compensatory mechanisms include reduced cerebral blood and cerebrospinal fluid volumes, but these often fail to prevent raised ICP. Serendipitous observations in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) suggest that neurons far removed from a hematoma may shrink as an ICP compliance mechanism. Here, we sought to critically test this observation. We tracked the timing of distal tissue shrinkage (e.g. CA1) after collagenase-induced striatal ICH in rat; cell volume and density alterations (42% volume reduction, 34% density increase; p < 0.0001) were highest day one post-stroke, and rebounded over a week across brain regions. Similar effects were seen in the filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (22% volume reduction, 22% density increase; p ≤ 0.007), but not with the Vannucci-Rice model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (2.5% volume increase, 14% density increase; p ≥ 0.05). Concerningly, this ‘tissue compliance’ appears to cause sub-lethal damage, as revealed by electron microscopy after ICH. Our data challenge the long-held assumption that ‘healthy’ brain tissue outside the injured area maintains its volume. Given the magnitude of these effects, we posit that ‘tissue compliance’ is an important mechanism invoked after severe strokes.