bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle–Late Triassic evolution of the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland
Authors: Andrews Steven D. , Morton Andrew , Decou Audrey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Jameson Land Basin lies within the Greenland–Norway rift, to the south of Triassic basins on the Halten Bank and East Greenland shelf, and can therefore offer insights into the development of these less-well-documented offshore basins and the wider North Atlantic. This study focuses on the stratigraphic development of the Jameson Land Basin. Broad-scale stratigraphic logging is augmented with heavy mineral analysis that constrains the dominant source catchments during this period. A thickness of over 1.5 km of Middle–Late Triassic strata fill the Jameson Land Basin, predominantly comprising continental deposits laid down during arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. The basal Pingo Dal Group thickens westwards into the Stauning Alper Fault, forming a typical syn-rift succession. Thickness variations have also highlighted the presence of an intrabasinal high and an associated unconformity between the Pingo Dal Group and the overlying Gipsdalen Group, which provides the first direct evidence for Middle–Late Triassic rifting in East Greenland. Thickness variations in the overlying Gipsdalen Group are more subdued, and the Fleming Fjord Group, and its formations, display remarkably tabular geometries, with little evidence for significant lateral facies variance; this is suggestive of reduced topography and a more regional thermal subsidence signature. Provenance data indicate sediment sourcing from both the western and eastern basin margins during the deposition of the Pingo Dal Group, above which the western source area becomes dominant, alongside some axial input from the south.
MHD stability and disruptions in the SPARC tokamak
Authors: Sweeney R. , Creely A. J. , Doody J. , Fülöp T. , Garnier D. T. , Granetz R. , Greenwald M. , Hesslow L. , Irby J. , Izzo V. A. , La Haye R. J. , Logan N. C. , Montes K. , Paz-Soldan C. , Rea C. , Tinguely R. A. , Vallhagen O. , Zhu J. 
Published: September 2020

SPARC is being designed to operate with a normalized beta of

$\beta _N=1.0$

, a normalized density of

$n_G=0.37$

and a safety factor of

$q_{95}\approx 3.4$

, providing a comfortable margin to their respective disruption limits. Further, a low beta poloidal

$\beta _p=0.19$

at the safety factor

$q=2$

surface reduces the drive for neoclassical tearing modes, which together with a frozen-in classically stable current profile might allow access to a robustly tearing-free operating space. Although the inherent stability is expected to reduce the frequency of disruptions, the disruption loading is comparable to and in some cases higher than that of ITER. The machine is being designed to withstand the predicted unmitigated axisymmetric halo current forces up to 50 MN and similarly large loads from eddy currents forced to flow poloidally in the vacuum vessel. Runaway electron (RE) simulations using GO+CODE show high flattop-to-RE current conversions in the absence of seed losses, although NIMROD modelling predicts losses of

${\sim }80$

%; self-consistent modelling is ongoing. A passive RE mitigation coil designed to drive stochastic RE losses is being considered and COMSOL modelling predicts peak normalized fields at the plasma of order

$10^{-2}$

that rises linearly with a change in the plasma current. Massive material injection is planned to reduce the disruption loading. A data-driven approach to predict an oncoming disruption and trigger mitigation is discussed.
Increase in prevalence of current mental disorders in the context of COVID-19: analysis of repeated nationwide cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Winkler P. , Formanek T. , Mlada K. , Kagstrom A. , Mohrova Z. , Mohr P. , Csemy L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
The United Nations warned of COVID-19-related mental health crisis; however, it is unknown whether there is an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders as existing studies lack a reliable baseline analysis or they did not use a diagnostic measure. We aimed to analyse trends in the prevalence of mental disorders prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We analysed data from repeated cross-sectional surveys on a representative sample of non-institutionalised Czech adults (18+ years) from both November 2017 (n = 3306; 54% females) and May 2020 (n = 3021; 52% females). We used Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) as the main screening instrument. We calculated descriptive statistics and compared the prevalence of current mood and anxiety disorders, suicide risk and alcohol-related disorders at baseline and right after the first peak of COVID-19 when related lockdown was still in place in CZ. In addition, using logistic regression, we assessed the association between COVID-19-related worries and the presence of mental disorders.

Results
The prevalence of those experiencing symptoms of at least one current mental disorder rose from a baseline of 20.02 (95% CI = 18.64; 21.39) in 2017 to 29.63 (95% CI = 27.9; 31.37) in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of both major depressive disorder (3.96, 95% CI = 3.28; 4.62 v. 11.77, 95% CI = 10.56; 12.99); and suicide risk (3.88, 95% CI = 3.21; 4.52 v. 11.88, 95% CI = 10.64; 13.07) tripled and current anxiety disorders almost doubled (7.79, 95% CI = 6.87; 8.7 v. 12.84, 95% CI = 11.6; 14.05). The prevalence of alcohol use disorders in 2020 was approximately the same as in 2017 (10.84, 95% CI = 9.78; 11.89 v. 9.88, 95% CI = 8.74; 10.98); however, there was a significant increase in weekly binge drinking behaviours (4.07% v. 6.39%). Strong worries about both, health or economic consequences of COVID-19, were associated with an increased odds of having a mental disorder (1.63, 95% CI = 1.4; 1.89 and 1.42, 95% CI = 1.23; 1.63 respectively).

Conclusions
This study provides evidence matching concerns that COVID-19-related mental health problems pose a major threat to populations, particularly considering the barriers in service provision posed during lockdown. This finding emphasises an urgent need to scale up mental health promotion and prevention globally.
Can Reservoir Regulation Along the Yellow River Be a Sustainable Way to Save a Sinking Delta?
Authors: Wu Xiao , Bi Naishuang , Syvitski Jaia , Saito Yoshiki , Xu Jingping , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Yang Zuosheng , Wang Houjie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToday's deltas are impacted negatively by (1) accelerated subsidence (e.g., from ground fluid extraction), (2) global eustatic sea level rise, and (3) decreased sediment supply, which increasingly starves these landforms of sediment necessary to sustain their footprint. This growing vulnerability threatens many megacities that have developed due to the rich resources offered by deltas and therefore urgently calls for efforts to maintain sustainability. The Yellow River of China is classic example of such a landform under threat and which requires human intervention to maintain its resilience. Since 2002, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission has enacted an annual water and sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) by coordinated operation of three large reservoirs in the mainstream. Here we evaluate the efficiency and sustainability of this man‐made experiment on delta evolution. The impulsive delivery of muds and sands, within ~20 day intervals (averaged duration of the WSRS), did indeed move the present Yellow River delta from a destructive phase to an accretion phase. With continuous scouring, however, the downstream riverbed erosion efficiency has decreased, due to coarsening of surface bed material sediment. Concomitantly, sediment delivery has decreased, resulting in the present delta once again entering an erosive (destructive) phase, since 2014. From a perspective of delta restoration, the WSRS on the Yellow River is effective but potentially unsustainable. Restoring delta resilience necessitates an enhanced, coordinated effort, relying upon new sciences advances, rather than simply assuming channel scour will address the sediment deficit of the delta.
Reappraisal of the Climate Impacts of Ozone‐Depleting Substances
Authors: Morgenstern Olaf , O'Connor Fiona M. , Johnson Ben T. , Zeng Guang , Mulcahy Jane P. , Williams Jonny , Teixeira João , Michou Martine , Nabat Pierre , Horowitz Larry W. , Naik Vaishali , Sentman Lori T. , Deushi Makoto , Bauer Susanne E. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Shindell Drew T. , Kinnison Douglas E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe assess the effective radiative forcing due to ozone‐depleting substances using models participating in the Aerosols and Chemistry and Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Projects (AerChemMIP, RFMIP). A large intermodel spread in this globally averaged quantity necessitates an “emergent constraint” approach whereby we link the radiative forcing to ozone declines measured and simulated during 1979–2000, excluding two volcanically perturbed periods. During this period, ozone‐depleting substances were increasing, and several merged satellite‐based climatologies document the ensuing decline of total‐column ozone. Using these analyses, we find an effective radiative forcing of −0.05 to 0.13 W m−2. Our best estimate (0.04 W m−2) is on the edge of the “likely” range given by the Fifth Assessment Report of IPCC of 0.03 to 0.33 W m−2 but is in better agreement with two other literature results.
Tropospheric Forcing of the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Shen Xiaocen , Wang Lin , Osprey Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe strongest and most persistent upward propagation of zonal wavenumber 1 (WN1) Rossby waves from the troposphere on record led to the rare Antarctic sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in September 2019. The dynamical contribution from instantaneous anomalous WN1 and its linear interference with the climatological WN1 contributed equally to the event. The unprecedented WN1 planetary wave behavior is further attributed to a long‐lived midlatitude circumpolar Rossby wave train in the troposphere that was sustained by anomalous convection, first over the subtropical Pacific Ocean east of Australia and then over the eastern South Pacific. Besides the tropospheric wave forcing, the phase of the quasi‐biennial oscillation in the upper stratosphere also facilitated the weakening of polar vortex. Moreover, this SSW strongly influenced the tropospheric circulation via the Southern annular mode, favoring conditions linked to the 2019 bushfires in eastern Australia.
Impact of Dust Shortwave Absorbability on the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Wang Zheng , Bi Lei , Jia Xiaojing , Yi Bingqi , Lin Xiubin , Zhang Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDust shortwave absorbability suffers from significant uncertainties. We investigated the radiative effects of dust aerosols from the circum‐Tibet region using four shortwave absorbability schemes and examined their impacts on the East Asian summer monsoon by using the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We adopted superspheroidal models to compute dust aerosol optical properties and found that more absorptive particles have larger asymmetry factor and lower single‐scattering albedo. Meiyu precipitation, as a part of the East Asian summer monsoon, is weakened by dust aerosols, particularly for the convective precipitation. The mechanism is that dust aerosols transported mainly from the Gobi desert radiatively heat the lower atmosphere to the north of the Meiyu rainband and decrease the meridional temperature gradient, leading to the weakening of the midtropospheric westerly jet over the Meiyu rainband, which is important for convection. More absorptive dust aerosols with a stronger radiative heating effect inhibit more convective Meiyu precipitation.
Enabling Smart Dynamical Downscaling of Extreme Precipitation Events With Machine Learning
Authors: Shi Xiaoming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe projection of extreme convective precipitation by global climate models (GCM) exhibits significant uncertainty due to coarse resolutions. Direct dynamical downscaling (DDD) of regional climate at kilometer‐scale resolutions provides valuable insight into extreme precipitation changes, but its computational expense is formidable. Here we document the effectiveness of machine learning to enable smart dynamical downscaling (SDD), which selects a small subset of GCM data to conduct downscaling. Trained with data for three subtropical/tropical regions, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) retained 92% to 98% of extreme precipitation events (rain intensity higher than the 99th percentile) while filtering out 88% to 95% of circulation data. When applied to reanalysis data sets differing from training data, the CNNs' skill in retaining extremes decreases modestly in subtropical regions but sharply in the deep tropics. Nonetheless, one of the CNNs can still retain 62% of all extreme events in the deep tropical region in the worst case.
Production and Fate of the South Atlantic Subtropical Underwater
Authors: Liu Hao , Qu Tangdong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe South Atlantic Subtropical Underwater (STUW) was identified from Argo floats between 2001 and 2019. Expressed as a vertical salinity maximum at the subsurface, the STUW spreads over the western subtropical and tropical South Atlantic. The mean salinity, conservative temperature, and potential density of the STUW are 36.66 ± 0.43 g/kg, 22.62 ± 2.27°C, and 25.14 ± 0.49 kg/m3, respectively. Based on the criteria derived from the STUW properties described above and the results from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) model, the production and fate of the STUW are calculated. The annual mean subduction rate is 3.26 Sv, and effective subduction occurs from September to November. Approximately 73% (2.38 Sv) of the subducted STUW is transported toward the tropical Atlantic, and 23% (0.75 Sv) of the subducted STUW is dissipated near the STUW formation region; 99% of the subducted STUW particles are dissipated within 2 years. Water particles can enter/exit the STUW along the advection route of the STUW. A total of 3.92 Sv of the STUW volume dissipates within the tropical region between 1.5°S and 1°N, implying that STUW contributes to 98% of the total transport of the subtropical cell. This analysis tracks the South Atlantic STUW from formation to dissipation and highlights the importance of the STUW in governing the subtropical cell.
G3BP1 interacts with YWHAZ to regulate chemoresistance and predict adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Fu Xuhong , Chen Hao , Min Lingqiang , Sun Jie , Yin Jingyi , Guo Jianping , Li Haojie , Tang Zhaoqing , Ruan Yuanyuan , Wang Xuefei , Sun Yihong , Huang Liyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA large proportion of gastric cancer patients are susceptible to chemoresistance, while the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Stress granules (SGs) play a self-defence role for tumour cells in inhibiting chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. As an SG assembly effector, G3BP1 (Ras-GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein) has been reported to be overexpressed in gastric cancer; thus, here we aim to explore its potent roles in gastric cancer chemoresistance.METHODSKaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare survival rates in gastric cancer patients with different G3BP1 expression. The influence of G3BP1 on gastric cancer cell chemoresistance and apoptosis were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo approaches. The interaction between G3BP1 and YWHAZ was assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence.RESULTSG3BP1 was associated with the poor outcome of gastric cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy.G3BP1knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. Mechanically, cell apoptosis and pro-apoptotic-associated molecules were significantly elevated uponG3BP1depletion. Gene co-expression network analyses identified YWHAZ as the critical interlayer of G3BP1; as a result, G3BP1 interacted with YWHAZ to sequester Bax into the cytoplasm. Clinically, G3BP1highYWHAZhighgastric cancer patients displayed the worst outcome compared with other patients after chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONSThe expression of G3BP1 and YWHAZ could predict the adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in gastric cancer patients.
Bromodomain inhibitors a decade later: a promise unfulfilled?
Authors: Mita Monica M. , Mita Alain C. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryOver the last decade, bromodomain inhibitors have emerged as a promising class of anticancer drugs. However, the clinical progress of these agents has faced significant obstacles, which precluded their regulatory approval. This editorial will review the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of bromodomain inhibitors.
Mutual regulation between OGT and XIAP to control colon cancer cell growth and invasion
Authors: Seo Hyeon Gyu , Kim Han Byeol , Yoon Ji Young , Kweon Tae Hyun , Park Yun Soo , Kang Jingu , Jung Jinwoo , Son SeongJin , Yi Eugene C. , Lee Tae Ho , Yang Won Ho , Cho Jin Won 
Published: September 2020

AbstractO-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the O-GlcNAc modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins and is highly expressed in many types of cancer. However, the mechanism regulating its expression in cancer cells is not well understood. This study shows that OGT is a substrate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) which plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis. Although LSD2 histone demethylase has already been reported as an E3 ubiquitin ligase in lung cancer cells, we identified XIAP as the main E3 ubiquitin ligase in colon cancer cells. Interestingly, OGT catalyzes the O-GlcNAc modification of XIAP at serine 406 and this modification is required for the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of XIAP toward specifically OGT. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation of XIAP suppresses colon cancer cell growth and invasion by promoting the proteasomal degradation of OGT. Therefore, our findings regarding the reciprocal regulation of OGT and XIAP provide a novel molecular mechanism for controlling cancer growth and invasion regulated by OGT and O-GlcNAc modification.
Effect of emergence time on growth and fecundity of Rapistrum rugosum and Brassica tournefortii in the northern region of Australia
Authors: Mobli Ahmadreza , Manalil Sudheesh , Khan Asad Muhammad , Jha Prashant , Chauhan Bhagirath Singh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWeeds from Brassicaceae family are a major threat in many crops including canola, chickpea, cotton and wheat. Rapistrum rugosum (L) All. and Brassica tournefortii Gouan. are two troublesome weeds in the northern region of Australia. In order to examine their phenology of these weeds, a pot study was conducted in 2018 at the Research Farm of the University of Queensland, Gatton campus with two populations sourced from high (Gatton) and medium (St George) rainfall areas of the northern grain region of Australia. Planting was carried out monthly from April to September, and the growth, flowering and seed production were evaluated. Maximum growth and seed production were observed in weeds planted in April, compared to other planting dates. Biomass of R. rugosum and B. tournefortii was reduced by 85% and 78%, respectively, as a result of the delay in planting from April to July. R. rugosum and B. tournefortii produced more than 13,000 and 3500 seeds plant−1, respectively, when planted in April and seed production was reduced by > 84% and > 76% when planted in July. No significant differences were observed between populations of both weeds for plant height, number of leaves and biomass, however, the medium rainfall population of R. rugosum produced more seeds than the high rainfall population when planted in April. The results of this study suggest that, although R. rugosum and B. tournefortii were able to emerge in a wider time frame, the growth and seed production were greatest when both weeds were planted in April and there was concomitant reduction in growth attributes when planted in the subsequent months, indicating that management of these weeds early in the cropping season is a prerequisite to population reduction and the mitigation of crop yield losses.
Pigeon nidopallium caudolaterale, entopallium, and mesopallium ventrolaterale neural responses during categorisation of Monet and Picasso paintings
Authors: Anderson Catrona , Parra Renelyn S. , Chapman Hayley , Steinemer Alina , Porter Blake , Colombo Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPigeons can successfully discriminate between sets of Picasso and Monet paintings. We recorded from three pallial brain areas: the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL), an analogue of mammalian prefrontal cortex; the entopallium (ENTO), an intermediary visual area similar to primate extrastriate cortex; and the mesopallium ventrolaterale (MVL), a higher-order visual area similar to primate higher-order extrastriate cortex, while pigeons performed an S+/S− Picasso versus Monet discrimination task. In NCL, we found that activity reflected reward-driven categorisation, with a strong left-hemisphere dominance. In ENTO, we found that activity reflected stimulus-driven categorisation, also with a strong left-hemisphere dominance. Finally, in MVL, we found that activity reflected stimulus-driven categorisation, but no hemispheric differences were apparent. We argue that while NCL and ENTO primarily use reward and stimulus information, respectively, to discriminate Picasso and Monet paintings, both areas are also capable of integrating the other type of information during categorisation. We also argue that MVL functions similarly to ENTO in that it uses stimulus information to discriminate paintings, although not in an identical way. The current study adds some preliminary evidence to previous literature which emphasises visual lateralisation during discrimination learning in pigeons.
Elk population dynamics when carrying capacities vary within and among herds
Authors: Koetke Lisa J. , Duarte Adam , Weckerly Floyd W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPopulation and land management relies on understanding population regulation and growth, which may be impacted by variation in population growth parameters within and among populations. We explored the interactions between variation in carrying capacity (K), intrinsic population growth rate (r), and strength of density dependence (β) within and among elk (Cervus elaphus) herds in a small part of the geographic range of the species. We also estimated stochastic fluctuations in abundance around K for each herd. We fit linear Ricker growth models using Bayesian statistics to seven time series of elk population survey data. Our results indicate that K and β varied among herds, and that r and β varied temporally within herds. We also found that herds with smaller K had less stochastic fluctuation in abundances around K, but higher temporal variation in β within herds. Population regulation and the rate of return to the equilibrium abundance is often understood in terms of β, but ecological populations are dynamic systems, and temporal variation in population growth parameters may also influence regulation. Population models which accommodate variation both within and among herds in population growth parameters are necessary, even in mild climates, to fully understand population dynamics and manage populations.