bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone catalytic oxidation capacity of Ti‐Co@Al2O3 for the treatment of biochemical tailwater from the coal chemical industry
Authors: Sun Wenquan , Zhou Shengbao , Sun Yongjun , Tang Jiawei , Zheng Huaili 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA Ti‐Co@γ‐Al2O3 composite catalyst was prepared using impregnation and sol‐gel methods to degrade biochemical tailwater from the coal chemical industry, and its preparation conditions (active component doping ratio, load times, and calcination temperature) were optimized through single‐factor experiments. The surface properties of the Ti‐Co@γ‐Al2O3 composite catalyst and the crystal structure characteristics of the catalytically active components were characterized via scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray fluorescence. The effects of reaction time, initial pH, ozone aeration, and catalyst dosage on degradation performance were investigated through an experiment on the catalytic ozonation degradation of biochemical tail water. Results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: reaction time of 30 min, pH of 8.2, ozone aeration of 30 mg/min, and catalyst dosage of 20 g/L. The total phenol and total organic carbon removal rates for biochemical tailwater were 66.1% and 57.6%, respectively, in the catalytic system. The mechanism of degradation of organic pollutants by catalytic ozonation was investigated by adding tert‐butanol to the catalytic ozone oxidation system. The degradation of chemical oxygen demand in biochemical tailwater was caused primarily by the synergy between the Ti‐Co@γ‐Al2O3 catalyst and ozone.Practitioner points

Ti‐Co/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst was prepared for the catalytic oxidation of biochemical tail water.

The optimal removal rates of total phenol and TOC were 67.7% and 58.8%, respectively.

The organic matter was degraded rapidly and efficiently after 5 min of ozone catalytic oxidation reaction.

It provides theoretical guidance for the practical application of ozone catalytic oxidation.
Factors Affecting Bait Site Visitation: Area of Influence of Baits
Authors: McRae Jacquelyn E. , Schlichting Peter E. , Snow Nathan P. , Davis Amy J. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Kilgo John C. , Keiter David A. , Beasley James C. , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBaiting is a fundamental strategy for the global management of wild pigs (Sus scrofa); however, little information exists on how anthropogenic bait affects wild pig movements on a landscape. We investigated factors that are important in determining the spatial area of attraction for wild pigs to bait (‘area of influence’ of a bait site) using data from Global Positioning System (GPS) collars and locations of bait sites. We monitored movements of wild pigs in 2 distinct study areas in the United States from February to September 2016 and used locational data using GPS collars to analyze the influence of habitat quality (dependent on site), home range size, number of bait sites in the home range, distance to a bait site, and sex in relation to movement in time and space. We determined the average area of influence by calculating the area of a circle with the radius as the average maximum distance travelled by wild pigs to reach a bait site. The average area of influence for our bait sites was 6.7 km2 (or a radius of approximately 1.5 km), suggesting a bait spacing of approximately 1.5 km would be adequate to capture visitation by most wild pigs and a spacing of 3 km could allow substantial visitation while minimizing redundant effort depending on the spatial structure of the populations. Eighty percent of wild pigs first visited bait sites within 8.9 days after bait deployment; and they visited earlier when their home range size was larger. As the number of bait sites in an individual's home range increased, individual pigs visited more bait sites, and the probability of a visit increased dramatically up to approximately 5 bait sites and much less thereafter. Wild pigs travelled farther distances to visit bait sites in lower quality habitat. Our results support the hypothesis that habitat quality can mediate the efficacy of baiting programs for wildlife by influencing their movement patterns and motivation to use anthropogenic resources. Our results suggest wild pigs will travel extensively within their home range to visit bait sites, and that in lower quality habitat, most animals will find bait sites more quickly. Determining the area of influence of bait sites can increase the efficacy of planning and monitoring management programs. Our study provides new information to help managers plan baiting designs to attract the greatest number of pigs. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Validity of SyMRI for Assessment of the Neonatal Brain
Authors: Schmidbauer Victor , Geisl Gudrun , Cardoso Diogo Mariana , Jengojan Suren , Perepelov Vsevolod , Weber Michael , Goeral Katharina , Lindenlaub Florian , Klebermass-Schrehof Katrin , Berger Angelika , Prayer Daniela , Kasprian Gregor 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of T1-weighted and T2-weighted contrasts generated by the MR data postprocessing software SyMRI (Synthetic MR AB, Linköping, Sweden) for neonatal brain imaging.

Methods
In this study 36 cases of neonatal MRI were retrospectively collected, which included T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences as well as multi-dynamic multi-echo (MDME) sequences. Of the 36 neonates 32 were included in this study and 4 neuroradiologists independently assessed neonatal brain examinations on the basis of conventional and SyMRI-generated T1-weighted and T2-weighted contrasts, in order to determine the presence or absence of lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of both methods were calculated and compared.

Results
Compared to conventionally acquired T1 and T2-weighted images, SyMRI-generated contrasts showed a lower sensitivity but a higher specificity (SyMRI sensitivity 0.88, confidence interval (CI): 0.72–0.95; specificity 1, CI: 0.89–1/conventional MRI: sensitivity: 0.94, CI: 0.80–0.98; specificity: 0.94, CI: 0.80–0.98).

Conclusion
The T1-weighted and T2-weighted images generated by SyMRI showed a diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of conventionally acquired contrasts. In addition to semiquantitative imaging data, SyMRI provides diagnostic images and leads to a more efficient use of available imaging time in neonatal brain MRI.
Dielectrophoretic analysis of the impact of isopropyl alcohol on the electric polarisability of Escherichia coli whole-cells
Authors: Epping Miriam S. , Wedde Severin , Grundmann Armin , Radukic Marco , Gröger Harald , Hummel Anke , Viefhues Martina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhole-cell biocatalysts are versatile tools in (industrial) production processes; though, the effects that impact the efficiency are not fully understood yet. One main factor that affects whole-cell biocatalysts is the surrounding medium, which often consists of organic solvents due to low solubility of substrates in aqueous solutions. It is expected that organic solvents change the biophysical and biochemical properties of the whole-cell biocatalysts, e.g. by permeabilising the cell membrane, and thus analysis of these effects is of high importance. In this work, we present an analysis method to study the impact of organic solvents on whole-cell biocatalysts by means of dielectrophoresis. For instance, we evaluate the changes of the characteristic dielectrophoretic trapping ratio induced by incubation ofEscherichia coli, serving as a model system, in an aqueous medium containing isopropyl alcohol. Therefore, we could evaluate the impact on the electric polarisability of the cells. For this purpose, a special microchannel device was designed andEscherichia colicells were genetically modified to reliably synthesise a green fluorescent protein. We could demonstrate that our method was capable of revealing different responses to small changes in isopropyl alcohol concentration and incubation duration. Complementary spectrophotometric UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible light) absorbance analysis of released NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H cofactor and proteins confirmed our results. Based on our results, we discuss the biophysical effects taking place during incubation.
Stereotactic Radiofrequency Ablation of an Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC): Transforming an Aggressive Disease into a Chronic Condition
Authors: Laimer Gregor , Jaschke Nikolai , Gottardis Maximilian , Schullian Peter , Putzer Daniel , Sturm Wolfgang , Bale Reto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn 2010, we reported on a 72-year-old patient with a large, unresectable cholangiocarcinoma with intrahepatic metastases, which was treated by stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) in three consecutive sessions. Within the last nine years, the same patient has received seven additional ablation sessions for a total of ten recurrent intrahepatic lesions. One year after the last SRFA, the patient’s liver function is still within the physiological range, suggesting that this approach is not only sufficient for locally controlling tumor disease, but also for sparing healthy tissue. Moreover, periods of hospitalization were relatively short, while procedure-related pain was generally mild. In summary, SRFA has turned an aggressive disease with a devastating prognosis into a chronic condition while improving the patient’s quality of life.
Stability of the Shannon–Stam inequality via the Föllmer process
Authors: Eldan Ronen , Mikulincer Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe prove stability estimates for the Shannon–Stam inequality (also known as the entropy-power inequality) for log-concave random vectors in terms of entropy and transportation distance. In particular, we give the first stability estimate for general log-concave random vectors in the following form: for log-concave random vectors $$X,Y \in {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

X
,
Y
∈

R

d

, the deficit in the Shannon–Stam inequality is bounded from below by the expression $$\begin{aligned} C \left( \mathrm {D}\left( X||G\right) + \mathrm {D}\left( Y||G\right) \right) , \end{aligned}$$

C

D

X
|
|
G

+
D

Y
|
|
G

,

where $$\mathrm {D}\left( \cdot ~ ||G\right) $$

D

·

|
|
G

denotes the relative entropy with respect to the standard Gaussian and the constant C depends only on the covariance structures and the spectral gaps of X and Y. In the case of uniformly log-concave vectors our analysis gives dimension-free bounds. Our proofs are based on a new approach which uses an entropy-minimizing process from stochastic control theory.
Modeling soil erosion after mechanized logging operations on steep terrain in the Northern Black Forest, Germany
Authors: Haas Julian , Schack-Kirchner Helmer , Lang Friederike 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change makes it necessary to re-evaluate the erosion potential of forest infrastructure. We used the Forest Service WEPP interfaces (FS WEPP) to compare soil erosion potentials of two competing logging practices in steep terrain in the Northern Black Forest, Germany: (1) Felling with harvesters and logging with forwarders in slope line with optional traction supporting winches. (2) Felling by chainsaw, logging with a cable winch, and further transport of logs via forest dirt roads. After forest harvest we measured erosion, runoff, and DOC concentration in runoff from 50 m sections of two machine tracks, two cable tracks, and a dirt road for 2 years. The erosion measurements were used to validate FS WEPP management options and a regionally adjusted CLIGEN input file. With these parameterizations we compared the erosion potential of the two practices on subcatchment scale by modeling return periods and total sediment export with FS WEPP. Model results show that logging operations with heavy machinery in slope line are less prone to soil erosion than logging operations including winch logging and additional dirt roads. The former produces less sediment in its worst-case configuration than the latter in its most moderate configuration by a factor of two. Model results also show that erosion prevention benefits from long periods of 10 years between two harvests.
Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of diffuse esophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis
Authors: Hentschel Florian , Lüth Stefan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
With 250 published cases worldwide, diffuse esophageal intramural pseudo-diverticulosis (DEIPD) is a poorly understood disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of DEIPD in our own population, identify risk factors and clinical symptoms, and characterize its typical endoscopic signs.

Methods
Retrospective search in our center’s endoscopic and clinical database. Reviewing of all cases by re-examining stored endoscopic photographs. Reviewing of all cases regarding age, sex, risk factors, comorbidities, histology, and clinical symptoms.

Results
In a population of 150.000 we found 21 cases of DEIPD. Mean age was 56 ± 10 years. 86% were males, 76% had alcohol abuse, 57% had nicotine abuse, 38% had arteriosclerosis, 33% had COPD, 29% had malignancies, 24% had liver cirrhosis, 19% had impaired kidney function, and 15% had diabetes. Dysphagia was present in 62% and food bolus impaction (single or repeated) in 48%. Endoscopically, 95% of patients had multiple (> 4), small (0.25–2.5 mm) pseudodiverticle openings in the esophageal wall. In 62%, openings were aligned longitudinally. 86% showed edematous swelling of mucosa (“frosted glass look”), 76% showed a fine-grained pattern of small (10–100 µm) red dots (“faux uni pattern”), and 76% had a rigid, narrow lumen with multiple rings (“trachealization”).

Conclusion
With a prevalence of approximately 5 to 50/100.000, DEIPD may be more frequent than previously estimated. It preferably affects middle-aged male alcoholics. Key symptoms are chronic dysphagia and food impaction. Typical endoscopic findings are multiple, small, longitudinally aligned pseudodiverticle openings, frosted glass look, faux uni pattern, and trachealization of the esophagus.
On the 3D distribution and size fractionation of microparticles in a serpentine microchannel
Authors: Blahout Sebastian , Reinecke Simon R. , Tabaei Kazerooni Hamid , Kruggel-Emden Harald , Hussong Jeanette 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuitable methods to realize a multi-dimensional fractionation of microparticles smaller than $${10}\,\upmu \mathrm{{m}}$$10μm diameter are still rare. In the present study, size and density fractionation is investigated for $$3.55\,\upmu \mathrm{{m}}$$3.55μm and $${9.87}\,\upmu \mathrm{{m}}$$9.87μm particles in a sharp-corner serpentine microchannel of cross-sectional aspect ratio $$h/w = 0.25$$h/w=0.25. Experimental results are obtained through Astigmatism Particle Tracking Velocimetry (APTV) measurements, from which three-dimensional particle distributions are reconstructed for Reynolds numbers between 100 and 150. The 3D reconstruction shows for the first time that equilibrium trajectories do not only develop over the channel width, i.e. in-plane equilibrium positions but also over the channel height at different out-of-plane positions. With increasing Reynolds number, $$9.87\,\upmu \mathrm{{m}}$$9.87μm polystyrene $$\left( \rho _{\mathrm{{PS}}} = 1.05\,\mathrm{{g}}\;\mathrm{{cm}}^{-3} \right)$$ρPS=1.05gcm-3 and melamine $$\left( \rho _\mathrm{{MF}} = 1.51\,\mathrm{{g}}\;\mathrm{{cm}}^{-3} \right)$$ρMF=1.51gcm-3 particles focus on two trajectories near the channel bisector. In contrast to this, it is shown that $$3.55\,\upmu \mathrm{{m}}$$3.55μm polystyrene particles develop four equilibrium trajectories at different in-plane and out-of-plane positions up to a critical Reynolds number. Beyond this critical Reynolds number, also these particles merge to two trajectories at different channel heights. While the rearrangement of $$3.55\,\upmu \mathrm{{m}}$$3.55μm polystyrene particles just starts beyond $$\mathrm{{Re}}>140$$Re>140, $$9.87\,\upmu \mathrm{{m}}$$9.87μm polystyrene particles undergo this rearrangement already at $$Re=100$$Re=100. As the equilibrium trajectories of these two particle groups are located at similar out-of-plane positions, outlet geometries that aim to separate particles along the channel width turn out to be a good choice for size fractionation. Indeed, polystyrene particles of different size assume laterally well-separated equilibrium trajectories such that a size fractionation of nearly 100% at $$Re=110$$Re=110 can be achieved.
Competence, Confidence, and Gender: The Role of Objective and Subjective Financial Knowledge in Household Finance
Authors: Lind Thérèse , Ahmed Ali , Skagerlund Kenny , Strömbäck Camilla , Västfjäll Daniel , Tinghög Gustav 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe studied the association of individual differences in objective financial knowledge (i.e. competence), subjective financial knowledge (i.e. confidence), numeric ability, and cognitive reflection on a broad set of financial behaviors and feelings towards financial matters. We used a large diverse sample (N = 2063) of the adult Swedish population. We found that both objective and subjective financial knowledge predicted frequent engagement in sound financial practices, while numeric ability and cognitive reflection could not be linked to the considered financial behaviors when controlling for other relevant cognitive abilities. In addition, both objective and subjective financial knowledge served as a buffer against financial anxiety, while we did not detect similar buffering effects of numeric ability and cognitive reflection. Subjective financial knowledge was found to be a stronger predictor of sound financial behavior and subjective wellbeing than objective financial knowledge. Women reported a lower level of subjective financial wellbeing even though they reported a more prudent financial behavior than men, when controlling for sociodemographics and cognitive abilities. Our findings help to understand heterogeneity in people’s propensity to engage in sound financial behaviors and have implications for important policy issues related to financial education.
An inner approximation method to compute the weight set decomposition of a triobjective mixed-integer problem
Authors: Halffmann Pascal , Dietz Tobias , Przybylski Anthony , Ruzika Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article is dedicated to the weight set decomposition of a multiobjective (mixed-)integer linear problem with three objectives. We propose an algorithm that returns a decomposition of the parameter set of the weighted sum scalarization by solving biobjective subproblems via Dichotomic Search which corresponds to a line exploration in the weight set. Additionally, we present theoretical results regarding the boundary of the weight set components that direct the line exploration. The resulting algorithm runs in output polynomial time, i.e. its running time is polynomial in the encoding length of both the input and output. Also, the proposed approach can be used for each weight set component individually and is able to give intermediate results, which can be seen as an “approximation” of the weight set component. We compare the running time of our method with the one of an existing algorithm and conduct a computational study that shows the competitiveness of our algorithm. Further, we give a state-of-the-art survey of algorithms in the literature.
Expressivity results for deontic logics of collective agency
Authors: Tamminga Allard , Duijf Hein , Van De Putte Frederik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe use a deontic logic of collective agency to study reducibility questions about collective agency and collective obligations. The logic that is at the basis of our study is a multi-modal logic in the tradition ofstit(‘sees to it that’) logics of agency. Our full formal language has constants for collective and individual deontic admissibility, modalities for collective and individual agency, and modalities for collective and individual obligations. We classify its twenty-seven sublanguages in terms of their expressive power. This classification enables us to investigate reducibility relations between collective deontic admissibility, collective agency, and collective obligations, on the one hand, and individual deontic admissibility, individual agency, and individual obligations, on the other.
Integration and Informal Institutions
Authors: Rauhut Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article offers a theoretical discussion on the role of informal institutions in the integration process of immigrants to a new country. Previous research on how immigrants become integrated and assimilated into the host countries demonstrates that integration/assimilation takes long time, often occurring over several generations; formal institutions matter; such theories are good at explaining how integration takes place, but not why integration/assimilation fails or succeeds. The informal institutions of both immigrants and native populations are examined. The discussion is based upon institutional theory in economics and political science. The findings suggest that informal institutions can explain why integration take place, and why some nationalities integrate into a new country, while others do not.
HDAC inhibitors overcome immunotherapy resistance in B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Waschke Brittany C. , Woolaver Rachel A , Chen Samantha M. Y. , Chen Zhangguo , Wang Jing H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy has been applied successfully to treat B-cell lymphomas in preclinical models or clinical settings. However, immunotherapy resistance is a major challenge for B-cell lymphoma treatment. To overcome this issue, combinatorial therapeutic strategies have been pursued to achieve a better efficacy for treating B-cell lymphomas. One of such strategies is to combine immunotherapy with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. HDAC inhibitors can potentially increase tumor immunogenicity, promote anti-tumor immune responses, or reverse immunosuppressive tumor environments. Thus, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and immunotherapy has drawn much attention in current cancer treatment. However, not all HDAC inhibitors are created equal and their net effects are highly dependent on the specific inhibitors used and the HDACs they target. Hence, we suggest that optimal treatment efficacy requires personalized design and rational combination based on prognostic biomarkers and unique profiles of HDAC inhibitors. Here, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which B-cell lymphomas acquire immunotherapy resistance and the effects of HDAC inhibitors on tumor cells and immune cells that could help overcome immunotherapy resistance.