bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Local In Vivo Delivery of Stimuli‐Responsive Nanogels That Rapidly Release Doxorubicin in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Yi , Dosta Pere , Conde João , Oliva Nuria , Wang Mian , Artzi Natalie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer patients remain with chemotherapy as their only viable therapeutic option. However, the toxicity of available anticancer drugs and their inefficient delivery have limited the development of effective chemotherapy administration protocols and combination therapies. Drug delivery devices that can properly target chemotherapy to the right cells with efficient cancer‐cell killing may play a vital role in eliminating triple‐negative breast cancer. While systemic delivery results in low drug accumulation at the tumor site and for a short period of time, local delivery enables sustained drug release. However, a system that is able to provide rapid, yet prolonged action, would enable efficient tumor elimination. Herein, the development of dual‐sensitive nanogels is described that are designed to rapidly dislodge the chemotherapy drug, doxorubicin, inside cancer cells through dual‐sensitive action—pH and redox sensitivities—enabling efficient cancer‐cell killing while eliminating systemic side effects. Their embedding within a hydrogel injected next to a tumor in a triple‐negative breast‐cancer mouse model enables prolonged release of the drug with instantaneous action when inside the cells resulting in efficacious tumor elimination compared to sustained local delivery only. This technology can be used for the delivery of combination therapies and for the treatment of other solid tumors.
Relaxation of Extracellular Matrix Forces Directs Crypt Formation and Architecture in Intestinal Organoids
Authors: Hushka Ella A. , Yavitt F. Max , Brown Tobin E. , Dempsey Peter J. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntestinal organoid protocols rely on the use of extracellular scaffolds, typically Matrigel, and upon switching from growth to differentiation promoting media, a symmetry breaking event takes place. During this stage, the first bud like structures analogous to crypts protrude from the central body and differentiation ensues. While organoids provide unparalleled architectural and functional complexity, this sophistication is also responsible for the high variability and lack of reproducibility of uniform crypt‐villus structures. If function follows form in organoids, such structural variability carries potential limitations for translational applications (e.g., drug screening). Consequently, there is interest in developing synthetic biomaterials to direct organoid growth and differentiation. It has been hypothesized that synthetic scaffold softening is necessary for crypt development, and these mechanical requirements raise the question, what compressive forces and subsequent relaxation are necessary for organoid maturation? To that end, allyl sulfide hydrogels are employed as a synthetic extracellular matrix mimic, but with photocleavable bonds that temporally regulate the material's bulk modulus. By varying the extent of matrix softening, it is demonstrated that crypt formation, size, and number per colony are functions of matrix softening. An understanding of the mechanical dependence of crypt architecture is necessary to instruct homogenous, reproducible organoids for clinical applications.
A Biocompatible and Near‐Infrared Liposome for In Vivo Ultrasound‐Switchable Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Liu Yang , Yao Tingfeng , Cai Wenbin , Yu Shuai , Hong Yi , Nguyen Kytai T. , Yuan Baohong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFluorescence imaging is a remarkable tool for molecular targeting and multicolor imaging, but it suffers from low resolution in centimeter‐deep tissues. The recently developed ultrasound‐switchable fluorescence (USF) imaging has overcome this challenge and achieved in vivo imaging in a mouse with help from the indocyanine green (ICG) dye encapsulated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (ICG‐PNIPAM) contrast agent. However, the ICG‐PNIPAM has shortcomings, such as concerns about cytotoxicity and blueshifted excitation and emission spectra. This study introduces a newly developed ICG‐encapsulated liposome to broaden the contrast agent selection for USF imaging and resolve the issues mentioned above. The emission peak of the ICG‐liposome is 836 nm with excellent biostability and USF imaging capability. Furthermore, the cell viability test verifies the low cytotoxicity feature. Eventually, both ex vivo and in vivo USF imaging are successfully achieved and 3D USF images are acquired. The ex vivo result confirms that the ICG‐liposome maintains the thermoresponsive characteristic at the right lobe of the liver and is able to conduct the USF imaging. The further in vivo USF imaging demonstrates that although the whole liver emitted fluorescence, only the right lobe of the liver contains the working ICG‐liposome.
Direct Imprinting of Quasi‐3D Nanophotonic Structures into Colloidal Quantum‐Dot Devices
Authors: Tang Xin , Chen Menglu , Ackerman Matthew M. , Melnychuk Christopher , Guyot‐Sionnest Philippe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) subwavelength nanostructures have emerged and triggered tremendous excitement because of their advantages over the two‐dimensional (2D) counterparts in fields of plasmonics, photonic crystals, and metamaterials. However, the fabrication and integration of 3D nanophotonic structures with colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) faces several technological obstacles, as conventional lithographic and etching techniques may affect the surface chemistry of colloidal nanomaterials. Here, the direct fabrication of functional quasi‐3D nanophotonic structures into CQD films is demonstrated by one‐step imprinting with well‐controlled precision in both vertical and lateral directions. To showcase the potential of this technique, diffraction gratings, bilayer wire‐grid polarizers, and resonant metal mesh long‐pass filters are imprinted on CQD films without degrading the optical and electrical properties of CQD. Furthermore, a dual‐diode CQD detector into an unprecedented mid‐wave infrared two‐channel polarization detector is functionalized by embedding an imprinted bilayer wire‐grid polarizer within the CQDs. The results show that this approach offers a feasible pathway to combine quasi‐3D nanostructures with colloidal materials‐based optoelectronics and access a new level of light manipulation.
Lithium‐Battery Anode Gains Additional Functionality for Neuromorphic Computing through Metal–Insulator Phase Separation
Authors: Gonzalez‐Rosillo Juan Carlos , Balaish Moran , Hood Zachary D. , Nadkarni Neel , Fraggedakis Dimitrios , Kim Kun Joong , Mullin Kaitlyn M. , Pfenninger Reto , Bazant Martin Z. , Rupp Jennifer L. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpecialized hardware for neural networks requires materials with tunable symmetry, retention, and speed at low power consumption. The study proposes lithium titanates, originally developed as Li‐ion battery anode materials, as promising candidates for memristive‐based neuromorphic computing hardware. By using ex‐ and in operando spectroscopy to monitor the lithium filling and emptying of structural positions during electrochemical measurements, the study also investigates the controlled formation of a metallic phase (Li7Ti5O12) percolating through an insulating medium (Li4Ti5O12) with no volume changes under voltage bias, thereby controlling the spatially averaged conductivity of the film device. A theoretical model to explain the observed hysteretic switching behavior based on electrochemical nonequilibrium thermodynamics is presented, in which the metal‐insulator transition results from electrically driven phase separation of Li4Ti5O12 and Li7Ti5O12. Ability of highly lithiated phase of Li7Ti5O12 for Deep Neural Network applications is reported, given the large retentions and symmetry, and opportunity for the low lithiated phase of Li4Ti5O12 toward Spiking Neural Network applications, due to the shorter retention and large resistance changes. The findings pave the way for lithium oxides to enable thin‐film memristive devices with adjustable symmetry and retention.
Diverse Interface Structures in TiO2 (B)/Anatase Dual‐Phase Nanofibers
Authors: Lei Yimin , Lin Xin , Wu Dekai , Wang Zhan , Zhong Peng , Ma Xiaohua , Sun Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe understanding on the interfaces between different polymorphs of nanosized TiO2 from the perspective of crystallography has great theoretical value for the interface and property design and regulation. In this work, TiO2 (B)/anatase dual‐phase nanofibers containing different interface structures are investigated in detail. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) is first employed to illustrate the detailed phase evolution during the calcination under different temperatures. Four types of interfaces with different structures are further studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Single crystal form induced different interfaces is confirmed, which is thought to be the universal conclusion in monoclinic crystal systems. Meanwhile, the other two interface structures in {100} single crystal form are also observed in the samples under higher temperature calcination. Invariant line strain calculation is carried out for the four interfaces. The calculated crystallographic features agree well with the observed results. Furthermore, taken [010]TB//[001]TA as the rotation axis, the orientation difference of the single crystal form induced interfaces is confirmed to be 72.5°, corresponding to the β angle of TiO2 (B). The orientation relationships of the other two interfaces in {100} single crystal form can also be achieved by 7.5° and −4.5° rotation from the interface with the same single crystal form.
Covalent Mucin Coatings Form Stable Anti‐Biofouling Layers on a Broad Range of Medical Polymer Materials
Authors: Winkeljann Benjamin , Bauer Maria G. , Marczynski Matthias , Rauh Theresa , Sieber Stephan A. , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: January 2020

AbstractApproximately 10% of all hospital patients contract infections from temporary clinical implants such as urinal and vascular catheters or tracheal tubes. The ensuing complications reach from patient inconvenience and tissue inflammation to severe, life threatening complications such as pneumonia or bacteremia. All these device‐associated nosocomial infections have the same origin: biofouling, i.e., the unwanted deposition of proteins, bacteria, and cells onto the device. To date, most strategies to overcome these problems are device specific, which results in high development efforts and costs. Here, it is demonstrated how one and the same coupling mechanism can be used to create a covalent antifouling coating employing mucin glycoproteins on multiple materials: with this method, a stable mucin layer can be generated on a broad range of polymer materials which are frequently used in medical engineering. It is shown that the mucin coating exhibits excellent stability against mechanical, thermal, and chemical challenges and reduces protein adsorption as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell adhesion. Thus, the coating mechanism described here introduces a promising strategy to overcome biofouling issues on a broad range of medical devices.
Lasing‐Encoded Microsensor Driven by Interfacial Cavity Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Yuan Zhiyi , Wang Ziyihui , Guan Peng , Wu Xiaoqin , Chen Yu‐Cheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicrolasers are emerging tools for biomedical applications. In particular, whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) microlasers are promising candidates for sensing at the biointerface owing to their high quality‐factor and potential in molecular assays, and intracellular and extracellular detection. However, lasing particles with sensing functionality remain challenging since the overlap between the WGM optical mode and external gain medium is much lower compared to internal gain inside the cavity. To overcome this problem, the concept of Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) is exploited on WGM droplet microlaser by separating donor and acceptor molecules at the cavity–surface interface. It is first discovered that the interfacial FRET laser not only originates from conventional FRET but utilizes coherent radiative energy transfer (CRET) to excite acceptor molecules by inducing light‐harvesting effect near the cavity interface. Simulations and experiments have revealed that the absorption spectrum of individual analyte plays a crucial role in interfacial FRET laser. Distinct lasing spectra can therefore distinguish molecules of different absorption properties upon binding. Finally, detection of small fluorescent molecules and photosynthetic protein is performed. The results presented here not only demonstrate the wide‐ranging potential of microlaser external cavity implementation in molecular sensing applications, but also provide comprehensive insights into cavity energy transfer in laser physics.
Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks: Assessment, Construction, and Diverse Applications
Authors: Xie Lin‐Hua , Xu Ming‐Ming , Liu Xiao‐Min , Zhao Min‐Jian , Li Jian‐Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTens of thousands of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed in the past two decades, and only ≈100 of them have been demonstrated as porous and hydrophobic. These hydrophobic MOFs feature not only a rich structural variety, highly crystalline frameworks, and uniform micropores, but also a low affinity toward water and superior hydrolytic stability, which make them promising adsorbents for diverse applications, including humid CO2 capture, alcohol/water separation, pollutant removal from air or water, substrate‐selective catalysis, energy storage, anticorrosion, and self‐cleaning. Herein, the recent research advancements in hydrophobic MOFs are presented. The existing techniques for qualitatively or quantitatively assessing the hydrophobicity of MOFs are first introduced. The reported experimental methods for the preparation of hydrophobic MOFs are then categorized. The concept that hydrophobic MOFs normally synthesized from predesigned organic ligands can also be prepared by the postsynthetic modification of the internal pore surface and/or external crystal surface of hydrophilic or less hydrophobic MOFs is highlighted. Finally, an overview of the recent studies on hydrophobic MOFs for various applications is provided and suggests the high versatility of this unique class of materials for practical use as either adsorbents or nanomaterials.
Sensitive Terahertz Detection and Imaging Driven by the Photothermoelectric Effect in Ultrashort‐Channel Black Phosphorus Devices
Authors: Guo Wanlong , Dong Zhuo , Xu Yijun , Liu Changlong , Wei Dacheng , Zhang Libo , Shi Xinyao , Guo Cheng , Xu Huang , Chen Gang , Wang Lin , Zhang Kai , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTerahertz (THz) photon detection is of particular appealing for myriad applications, but it still lags behind efficient manipulation with electronics and photonics due to the lack of a suitable principle satisfying both high sensitivity and fast response at room temperature. Here, a new strategy is proposed to overcome these limitations by exploring the photothermoelectric (PTE) effect in an ultrashort (down to 30 nm) channel with black phosphorus as a photoactive material. The preferential flow of hot carriers is enabled by the asymmetric Cr/Au and Ti/Au metallization with the titled‐angle evaporation technique. Most intriguingly, orders of magnitude field‐enhancement beyond the skin‐depth limit and photon absorption across a broadband frequency can be achieved. The PTE detector has excellent sensitivity of 297 V W−1, noise equivalent power less than 58 pW/Hz0.5, and response time below 0.8 ms, which is superior to other thermal‐based detectors at room temperature. A rigorous comparison with existing THz detectors, together with verification by further optical‐pumping and imaging experiments, substantiates the importance of the localized field effect in the skin‐depth limit. The results allow solid understanding on the role of PTE effect played in the THz photoresponse, opening up new opportunities for developing highly sensitive THz detectors for addressing targeted applications.
Bioresorbable Materials on the Rise: From Electronic Components and Physical Sensors to In Vivo Monitoring Systems
Authors: La Mattina Antonino A. , Mariani Stefano , Barillaro Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, scientists have dreamed about the development of a bioresorbable technology that exploits a new class of electrical, optical, and sensing components able to operate in physiological conditions for a prescribed time and then disappear, being made of materials that fully dissolve in vivo with biologically benign byproducts upon external stimulation. The final goal is to engineer these components into transient implantable systems that directly interact with organs, tissues, and biofluids in real‐time, retrieve clinical parameters, and provide therapeutic actions tailored to the disease and patient clinical evolution, and then biodegrade without the need for device‐retrieving surgery that may cause tissue lesion or infection. Here, the major results achieved in bioresorbable technology are critically reviewed, with a bottom‐up approach that starts from a rational analysis of dissolution chemistry and kinetics, and biocompatibility of bioresorbable materials, then moves to in vivo performance and stability of electrical and optical bioresorbable components, and eventually focuses on the integration of such components into bioresorbable systems for clinically relevant applications. Finally, the technology readiness levels (TRLs) achieved for the different bioresorbable devices and systems are assessed, hence the open challenges are analyzed and future directions for advancing the technology are envisaged.
Superior Textured Film and Process Tolerance Enabled by Intermediate‐State Engineering for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shubo , Chen Yiqi , Li Ruiyi , Xu Yibo , Feng Jiangshan , Yang Dong , Yuan Ningyi , Zhang Wen‐Hua , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Ding Jianning 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is increased to as high over 25%, it becomes pre‐eminent to study a scalable process with wide processing window to fabricate large‐area uniform perovskite films with good light‐trapping performance. A stable and uniform intermediate‐state complex film is obtained by using tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO), which extends the annealing window to as long as 20 min, promotes the formation of a high‐quality perovskite film with larger grains (over 400 nm) and spontaneously forms the surface texture to result in an improved fill factor and open‐circuit voltage (Voc). Moreover, the superior surface texture significantly increases the long‐wavelength response, leading to an improved short‐circuit current density (Jsc). As a result, the maximum PCE of 21.14% is achieved based on a simple planar cell structure without any interface passivation. Moreover, a large area module with active area of 6.75 cm2 is assembled using the optimized TMSO process, showing efficiency as high as 16.57%. The study paves the way to the rational design of highly efficient PSCs for potential scaled‐up production.
Tailored Lipoprotein‐Like miRNA Delivery Nanostructure Suppresses Glioma Stemness and Drug Resistance through Receptor‐Stimulated Macropinocytosis
Authors: Jiang Gan , Chen Huan , Huang Jialin , Song Qingxiang , Chen Yaoxing , Gu Xiao , Jiang Zhenhuan , Huang Yukun , Lin Yingying , Feng Junfeng , Jiang Jiyao , Bao Yinghui , Zheng Gang , Chen Jun , Chen Hongzhuan , Gao Xiaoling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlioma initiating cells (GICs) function as the seed for the propagation and relapse of glioma. Designing a smart and efficient strategy to target the GICs and to suppress the multiple signaling pathways associated with stemness and chemoresistance is essential to achieving a cancer cure. Inspired by the metabolic difference in endocytosis between GICs, differentiated glioma cells, and normal cells, a tailored lipoprotein‐like nanostructure is developed to amplify their internalization into GICs through receptor‐stimulated macropinocytosis. As CXCR4 is highly expressed on GICs and glioma tumor sites, meanwhile, the activation of CXCR4 induces the receptor‐stimulated macropinocytosis pathway in GICs, this CXCR4 receptor‐stimulated lipoprotein‐like nanoparticle (SLNP) achieves efficient accumulation in GICs in vitro and in vivo. By carrying microRNA‐34a in the core, this tailored SLNP reduces sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 and Notch1 expression, powerfully inhibits GICs stemness and chemoresistance, and significantly prolongs the survival of GICs‐bearing mice. Taken together, a tailored lipoprotein‐based nanostructure realizes efficient GICs accumulation and therapeutic effect through receptor‐stimulated macropinocytosis, providing a powerful nanoplatform for RNA interference drugs to combat glioma.
Human athletic paleobiology; using sport as a model to investigate human evolutionary adaptation
Authors: Longman Daniel P. , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Stock Jay T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of sport as a conceptual framework offers unprecedented opportunities to improve our understanding of what the body does, shedding new light on our evolutionary trajectory, our capacity for adaptation, and the underlying biological mechanisms. This approach has gained traction over recent years. To date, sport has facilitated exploration not only of the evolutionary history of our species as a whole, but also of human variation and adaptation at the interindividual and intraindividual levels. At the species level, analysis of lower and upper limb biomechanics and energetics with respect to walking, running and throwing have led to significant advances in the understanding of human adaptations relative to other hominins. From an interindividual perspective, investigation of physical activity patterns and endurance running performance is affording greater understanding of evolved constraints of energy expenditure, thermoregulatory energetics, signaling theory, and morphological variation. Furthermore, ultra‐endurance challenges provoke functional trade‐offs, allowing new ground to be broken in the study of life history trade‐offs and human adaptability. Human athletic paleobiology—the recruitment of athletes as study participants and the use of contemporary sports as a model for studying evolutionary theory—has great potential. Here, we draw from examples in the literature to provide a review of how the use of athletes as a model system is enhancing understanding of human evolutionary adaptation.