bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lowly Polarized Light from a Highly Magnetized Jet of GRB 190114C
Authors: Jordana-Mitjans N. , Mundell C. G. , Kobayashi S. , Smith R. J. , Guidorzi C. , Steele I. A. , Shrestha M. , Gomboc A. , Marongiu M. , Martone R. , Lipunov V. , Gorbovskoy E. S. , Buckley D. A. H. , Rebolo R. , Budnev N. M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We report multicolor optical imaging and polarimetry observations of the afterglow of the first TeV-detected gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 190114C, using the RINGO3 and MASTER II polarimeters. Observations begin 31 s after the onset of the GRB and continue until ∼7000 s postburst. The light curves reveal a chromatic break at ∼400–500 s, with initial temporal decay α = 1.669 ± 0.013 flattening to α ∼ 1 postbreak, which we model as a combination of reverse and forward shock components with magnetization parameter R
B ∼ 70. The observed polarization degree decreases from 7.7% ± 1.1% to 2%–4% 52–109 s postburst and remains steady at this level for the subsequent ∼2000 s at a constant position angle. Broadband spectral energy distribution modeling of the afterglow confirms that GRB 190114C is highly obscured (A
v,HG = 1.49 ± 0.12 mag;

cm−2). We interpret the measured afterglow polarization as intrinsically low and dominated by dust —in contrast to the P > 10% measured previously for other GRB reverse shocks—with a small contribution from polarized prompt photons in the first minute. We test whether first- and higher-order inverse Compton scattering in a magnetized reverse shock can explain the low optical polarization and subteraelectronvolt emission but conclude that neither is explained in the reverse shock inverse Compton model. Instead, the unexpectedly low intrinsic polarization degree in GRB 190114C can be explained if large-scale jet magnetic fields are distorted on timescales prior to reverse shock emission.
Gas Density Perturbations in the Cool Cores of CLASH Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Ueda Shutaro , Ichinohe Yuto , Molnar Sandor M. , Umetsu Keiichi , Kitayama Tetsu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present a systematic study of gas density perturbations in cool cores of high-mass galaxy clusters. We select 12 relaxed clusters from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) sample and analyze their cool-core features observed with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Here, we focus on the X-ray residual image characteristics after subtracting their global profile of the X-ray surface brightness distribution. We find that all of the galaxy clusters in our sample have, at least, both one positive and one negative excess regions in the X-ray residual image, indicating the presence of gas density perturbations. We identify and characterize the locally perturbed regions using our detection algorithm, and extract X-ray spectra of the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM temperature in the positive excess region is lower than that in the negative excess region, whereas the ICM in both regions is in pressure equilibrium in a systematic manner. These results indicate that gas sloshing in cool cores takes place in more than 80% of relaxed clusters (95% CL). We confirm this physical picture by analyzing synthetic X-ray observations of a cool-core cluster from a hydrodynamic simulation, finding that our detection algorithm can accurately extract both the positive and negative excess regions and can reproduce the temperature difference between them. Our findings support the picture that the gas density perturbations are induced by gas sloshing, and a large fraction of cool-core clusters have undergone gas sloshing, indicating that gas sloshing may be capable of suppressing runaway cooling of the ICM.
The Surprisingly Low Carbon Mass in the Debris Disk around HD 32297
Authors: Cataldi Gianni , Wu Yanqin , Brandeker Alexis , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Moór Attila , Olofsson Göran , Ábrahám Péter , Asensio-Torres Ruben , Cavallius Maria , Dent William R. F. , Grady Carol , Henning Thomas , Higuchi Aya E. , Hughes A. Meredith , Janson Markus , Kamp Inga , Kóspál Ágnes , Redfield Seth , Roberge Aki , Weinberger Alycia , Welsh Barry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gas has been detected in a number of debris disks. It is likely secondary, i.e., produced by colliding solids. Here, we report ALMA Band 8 observations of neutral carbon in the CO-rich debris disk around the 15–30 Myr old A-type star HD 32297. We find that C0 is located in a ring at ∼110 au with an FWHM of ∼80 au and has a mass of (3.5 ± 0.2) × 10−3
M
⊕. Naively, such a surprisingly small mass can be accumulated from CO photodissociation in a time as short as ∼104 yr. We develop a simple model for gas production and destruction in this system, properly accounting for CO self-shielding and shielding by neutral carbon, and introducing a removal mechanism for carbon gas. We find that the most likely scenario to explain both C0 and CO observations is one where the carbon gas is rapidly removed on a timescale of order a thousand years and the system maintains a very high CO production rate of ∼15 M
⊕ Myr−1, much higher than the rate of dust grind-down. We propose a possible scenario to meet these peculiar conditions: the capture of carbon onto dust grains, followed by rapid CO re-formation and rerelease. In steady state, CO would continuously be recycled, producing a CO-rich gas ring that shows no appreciable spreading over time. This picture might be extended to explain other gas-rich debris disks.
Supernova Magnitude Evolution and PAge Approximation
Authors: Huang Zhiqi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The evidence of environmental dependence of SN Ia luminosity has inspired recent discussion about whether the late-universe cosmic acceleration is still supported by supernova data. We adopt the ΔHR/Δage parameter, which describes the dependence of supernova absolute magnitude on the age of supernova progenitor, as an additional nuisance parameter. Using the Pantheon supernova data, a lower bound ≥12 Gyr on the cosmic age, and a Gaussian prior

on the Hubble constant, we reconstruct the cosmic expansion history. Within the flat Λ cold dark matter framework, we still find a 5.6σ detection of cosmic acceleration. This is because a matter-dominated decelerating universe would be too young to accommodate observed old stars with age ≳12 Gyr. A decelerating but non-flat universe is marginally consistent with the data, however, only in the presence of a negative spatial curvature ∼2 orders of magnitude beyond the current constraint from cosmic microwave background data. Finally, we propose a more general parameterization based on the cosmic age (PAge), which is not directly tied to the dark energy concept and hence is ideal for a null test of the cosmic acceleration. We find that, for a magnitude evolution rate ΔHR/Δage ≲ 0.3 mag/5.3 Gyr, a spatially flat and decelerating PAge universe is fully consistent with the supernova data and the cosmic age bound, and has no tension with the geometric constraint from the observed cosmic microwave background acoustic angular scales.
Could Quasar Lensing Time Delays Hint to a Core Component in Halos, Instead of H0 Tension?
Authors: Blum Kfir , Castorina Emanuele , Simonović Marko 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The time delay measured between the images of gravitationally lensed quasars probes a combination of the angular diameter distance to the source-lens system and the mass density profile of the lens. Observational campaigns to measure such systems have reported a determination of the Hubble parameter H
0 that shows significant tension with independent determination based on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large-scale structure (LSS). We show that lens mass models that exhibit a cored component, coexisting with a cusp, probe a degenerate direction in the lens model parameter space, being an approximate mass sheet transformation. This family of lens models has not been considered by the cosmographic analyses. Once added to the model, the cosmographic error budget should become dependent on stellar kinematics uncertainties. We propose that a core component coexisting with a cusp could bring the lensing measurements of H
0 into accordance with the CMB/LSS value.
Les courriels : un frein à la productivité ?
Authors: Pinsonneault Alain , Addas Shamel , Gril Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2020

Qu’il soit utilisé à des fins personnelles ou professionnelles, le courriel est un moyen de communication simple, rapide et pratique, tant et si bien que nous en recevons et en envoyons plusieurs dizaines par jour, ce qui nous oblige chaque fois à interrompre nos activités. Mais quels sont les effets de ces interruptions constantes sur notre productivité ?
Le mouvement, nouveau paradigme de la santé
Authors: Boissinot Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2020

Face au vieillissement de la population et au virage épidémiologique , l’impératif de maîtrise des coûts de santé suppose de repenser l’offre de soins. L’innovation technologique avance à grands pas et des révolutions majeures s’amorcent dans le sens d’une extrême personnalisation et d’une prédictivité possible des diagnostiques. Parallèlement, la recherche de sens est une préoccupation grandissante dans notre société, de sorte qu’être en bonne santé inclut désormais les notions de bien-être et de qualité de vie. Les progrès réalisés par les neurosciences et les sciences comportementales accréditent l’idée que le lien corps-esprit est une voie à explorer pour être en capacité de développer prévention et accompagnement de la maladie chronique - aujourd’hui génératrice de 70 % des dépenses de santé - en aidant les patients à s’autonomiser, développer des capacités d’auto-guérison ou vivre mieux la maladie. La question qui se pose est donc de savoir quels seraient la place et l’impact des interventions non médicamenteuses dans un parcours de soins coordonné où il s’agirait de travail sous forme de médecine intégrative tendant à améliorer l’alliance thérapeutique et éviter à tout prix fuite thérapeutique et perte de chance. En d’autres termes, est-il actuellement possible en France, à l’instar d’autres pays, de mettre en place des organisations de soins alliant médecine conventionnelle et interventions non médicamenteuses afin d’évoluer vers un système de santé durable et humainement satisfaisant ?
Applied Health Fitness Psychology
Authors: Anshel Mark H. 
Published: April 2020

Applied Health Fitness Psychology considers behavioral issues regarding exercise and nutrition using a research-to-practice approach. This comprehensive text explains how health fitness psychology has emerged from other parent disciplines to become a wide-ranging discipline that can be addressed in various exercise, fitness, and health settings, allowing both current and future professionals to assist their patients or clients in adopting healthier lifestyles.
Applied Health Fitness Psychology uses contributions from sport and exercise psychology, counseling and clinical psychology, exercise science, sports medicine, and behavioral medicine to provide a scientific basis for presenting strategies for behavior change. Unique to this text is a critical consideration of cultural, spiritual, and religious components as a factor in initiating and maintaining exercise behavior. The evidence-based approach will help readers use techniques and interventions that promote positive changes among various populations.
Students will grasp the scope of this emerging field by studying the following topics:
The theoretical foundation of health behavior change and motivational theories
Physical, cognitive, and motivational obstacles to adopting a healthy lifestyle
Use of cognitive and behavioral strategies and interventions to promote exercise adherence, set goals, and improve fitness and exercise performance
Steps that will help students become professionals in health fitness psychology
Considerations in working with special populations, such as older adults, pregnant women, individuals recovering from injuries, and individuals with chronic conditions or dysfunctional eating behaviors
Chapter objectives at the start and a summary, review of key concepts, and student activity at the end of each chapter help students and instructors stay focused on understanding the main concepts and putting this information into practice. Highlight boxes, tables, and figures throughout the book keep readers engaged with the material. From Research to Real World sidebars show students how the information in the text can be used in multiple professions and illustrate the many applications for health fitness psychology in today's society.
While modifying a person’s—or a culture’s—disdain for exercise will not happen quickly, Applied Health Fitness Psychology equips aspiring and practicing professionals working in a variety of health, fitness, and allied health fields with strategies to help people make the shift to more active and healthy lifestyles.
Best Practice for Youth Sport
Authors: Vealey Robin S. , Chase Melissa A. 
Published: April 2020

Although the physical and psychological benefits of youth participating in sport are evident, the increasing professionalization and specialization of youth sport, primarily by coaches and parents, are changing the culture of youth sport and causing it to erode the ideal mantra: “It’s all about the kids.”
In Best Practice for Youth Sport, readers will gain an appreciation of an array of issues regarding youth sport. This research-based text is presented in a practical manner, with examples from current events that foster readers’ interest and class discussion. The content is based on the principle of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP), which can be defined as engaging in decisions, behaviors, and policies that meet the physical, psychological, and social needs of children and youth based on their ages and maturational levels. This groundbreaking resource covers a breadth of topics, including bone development, burnout, gender and racial stereotypes, injuries, motor behavior, and parental pressures.
Part I, Youth Sport Basics, provides readers with the fundamental knowledge and background related to the history, evolution, and organization of youth sport. Part II, Maturation and Readiness for Youth Sport Participants, is the core of understanding how and why youth sport is different from adult sport. This part details why it is important to know when youth are ready to learn and compete. Part III, Intensity of Participation in Youth Sport, examines the appropriateness of physical and psychological intensity at various developmental stages and the potential ramifications of overtraining, overspecialization, overstress, and overuse. The text concludes with Part IV, Social Considerations in Youth Sport, which examines how youth sport coaches and parents can help create a supportive social environment so that children can maximize the enjoyment and benefits from youth sport.
Best Practice for Youth Sport provides readers with knowledge of sport science concerning youth sport and engages them through the use of anecdotes, activities, case studies, and practical strategies. Armed with the knowledge from this text, students, coaches, parents, administrators, and others will be able to become active agents of social change in structuring and enhancing youth sport programs to meet the unique developmental needs of children, making the programs athlete centered rather than adult centered so that they truly are all about the kids.
Case Studies in Sport Law
Authors: Pittman Andrew T. , Spengler John O. , Young Sarah J. 
Published: April 2020

Case Studies in Sport Law, Second Edition, provides students with specific examples and perspectives of some of the most significant cases in sport law in an accessible tone that is free of legal jargon. The text is an ideal companion for non-law students who are seeking clarity and context for legal issues commonly encountered in sport management and sport law settings.
The 87 cases in Case Studies in Sport Law have been carefully curated by a team of experts in the field and represent many of the multifaceted aspects of sport law. Some of the areas covered in the text are school districts, colleges and universities, interscholastic and recreational programs, professional sport franchises, sporting goods manufacturers and trademarks, and governing bodies. This broad approach encourages students to understand the impact of legal issues on the sport industry, including many of the areas that students are hoping to pursue as a career.
Case Studies in Sport Law offers condensed versions of each case as opposed to the full legal proceedings, which enables students to grasp key concepts of the case instead of wading through legal jargon. The cases are divided into the main topics that are most prevalent in sport law courses: agency law, antitrust law, constitutional law, contract law, employment law, intellectual property, labor law, products liability, risk management, statutory law, Title IX, tort law, and the U.S. legal system. This is an easy-to-follow format that allows instructors and readers easy selection of cases based on the topic at hand.
Litigation and lawsuits in sport are increasing; therefore, managers and operators must maintain a thorough understanding of legal practices. Case Studies in Sport Law is the ideal text to supplement a sport management or sport law class and bolster student comprehension of sport law issues, and it is a supreme reference in the professional library of all practitioners in college, high school, professional, and recreational sport settings.
Dave Bing
Authors: Sharp Drew 
Published: April 2020

What kind of person loses sight in one eye and then through dedicated practice and honed skills becomes one of the top 50 NBA players of all time? What kind of person, with limited business experience, builds a start-up company into a thriving corporation and is recognized as one of the world’s most successful black executives? What kind of person, while running a $350 million business, takes the time to reach out to black youths lacking father figures and provides counsel and support? And what kind of person, instead of enjoying a well-deserved luxurious retirement, chooses to become mayor of a large city that many long ago had written off as dead? Dave Bing, that’s who.
In Dave Bing, Detroit Free Press sports columnist Drew Sharp chronicles the compelling story of a figure whose sheer will to succeed, refusal to make excuses for setbacks, and efforts to contribute to society set him apart as an anomaly—a man of virtues so rarely found in recent history. His path from Washington D.C. to Syracuse to Detroit is sometimes tumultuous, blazed by hard work, perseverance, and savvy. Much more than the stereotypical tale of celebrity ex-jock who does good, this is a story about a black male who, even as a youngster, determined to conquer whatever challenges came his way.
And now, as mayor of Detroit, Bing encounters perhaps his greatest test of all. Faced with entrenched and power-hungry political foes, a series of failed and corrupt predecessors, a work force ill prepared for today’s job market, a staggering city debt, and recent health problems, Bing would appear to have little chance of surviving his office. Both the naysayers and optimists would do well to read the book.
Evidence-Based Practice in Exercise Science
Authors: Amonette William E. , English Kirk L. , Kraemer William J. 
Published: April 2020

Evidence-Based Practice in Exercise Science: The Six-Step Approach equips readers with the basic skills and competencies for discerning the value of scientific research. Using a methodical approach, students and professionals will learn to identify appropriate evidence to support novel interventions and avoid counterproductive or dangerous information to eliminate ineffective exercise options.
The authors, well-known advocates in the study and application of evidence-based practice in the field of exercise science, take the five-step method of evidence-based practice that has been established in medicine, adapt it specifically for exercise science, and expand it to embrace individuality in exercise training. The content is accessible for students in a variety of courses in exercise science curricula; those seeking certification through professional organizations; and practitioners in the fields of exercise, nutrition, sports medicine, and sport science.
This text is an instruction manual in understanding and applying evidence-based practice. The process is divided into six steps that begin with asking a question and then finding, evaluating, implementing, confirming, and re-evaluating the evidence. Readers of Evidence-Based Practice in Exercise Science will explore these aspects:
- The philosophy of science and design of scientific studies
- The use of search tools like PubMed and Google Scholar and how to rank or define the strength of the evidence
- Practical suggestions for implementing evidence-based practice in the field to better advise and serve athletes, clients, and patients
- Case studies that demonstrate realistic scenarios of how the evidence-based process may be used in a variety of sport and exercise settings
Each chapter opens with chapter objectives that provide a road map for learning, and a chapter conclusion summarizes main points and ensures understanding. The case studies cover topics including exercise prescription; exercise for special populations; nutrition and supplementation; and exercise devices, equipment, and apparel. Each case presents a realistic scenario that an exercise practitioner may experience, presents background information, formulates a question for investigation, describes a search of the literature, discusses the findings, and provides a recommendation for practice based on the best current evidence.
Outdoor Adventure Education
Authors: Ewert Alan W. , Sibthorp Jim 
Published: April 2020

Outdoor Adventure Education: Foundations, Theory, and Research steeps students in the theories, concepts, and developments of outdoor adventure education, preparing them for careers in this burgeoning field.
This text is based on author Alan W. Ewert’s pioneering book Outdoor Adventure Pursuits: Foundations, Models, and Theories. Ewert and Sibthorp, both experienced practitioners, researchers, and educators, explore the outdoor adventure field today in relation to the changes that have occurred since Ewert’s first book. The authors present a comprehensive text on outdoor and adventure foundations, theories, and research that will provide the basis for the next generation of professionals.
Outdoor Adventure Education offers a comprehensive view of the expanding discipline of outdoor adventure education in its various settings. In addition to its foundational, theoretical, and conceptual insights, this text presents the following:
• Why This Chapter Is Important introductions that present snapshots of ideas and concepts and how they apply to future professionals
• Chapter discussion and research questions to expand knowledge and research skills to support the learning gained through the book
• Sidebars from well-known international researchers who present their views on the chapter topics
The book is presented in three parts. Part I explores foundational issues of outdoor adventure education, offering an overview of the field and examining both historical developments and current practices. Part II investigates theoretical constructs and extant theories, emphasizing how they inform the professional’s view of program evidence, design, and implementation. In part III, the authors delve into research and evidence-based practices in the field and look at evolving trends and issues as outdoor adventure education continues to grow.
Outdoor Adventure Education uses evidence, design, and implementation as its underlying themes. It shows students and professionals how to apply theories and research in constructing frameworks for outdoor adventure education experiences and how to evaluate those experiences. As such, it is an indispensable resource that prepares students and professionals alike for success in their careers in outdoor adventure education.