bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ liquid SEM imaging analysis revealing particle dispersity in aqueous solutions
Authors: YAO J. , OSSANA A. , CHUN J. , YU X.‐Y. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryA quantitative description on dispersity of boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) particles, a key component for waste slurry at Hanford sites, can provide useful knowledge for understanding various physicochemical nature of the waste. In situ liquid scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the dispersity of particles in aqueous conditions using a microfluidic sample holder, System for Analysis at Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI). Secondary electron (SE) images and image analyses were performed to determine particle centroid locations and the distance to the nearest neighbour particle centroid, providing reliable rescaled interparticle distances as a function of ionic strength in acidic and basic conditions. Our finding of the particle dispersity is consistent with physical insights from corresponding particle interactions under physicochemical conditions, demonstrating delicate changes in dispersity of boehmite particles based on novel in situ liquid SEM imaging and analysis.Lay Description
In situ liquid scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the interparticle distance of boehmite (γ‐AlOOH) particles, a key component for waste slurry at Hanford sites. This type of quantitative measurement is important to understand various physicochemical nature of the radiological waste containing boehmite. In situ liquid SEM was enabled by a unique vacuum compatible microfluidic cell, System for Analysis at Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI). We collected secondary electron (SE) images and performed image analyses to determine particle centroid locations and the distance to the nearest neighbour particle centroid to arrive at the interparticle distances in acidic and basic conditions. Our results show that delicate changes occur among boehmite particles under different pH conditions using novel in situ SEM imaging.
Robotic surgery for gynecologic cancers: indications, techniques and controversies
Authors: Clair Kiran H. , Tewari Krishnansu S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery for gynecologic cancers is associated with fewer postoperative complications including less blood loss and quicker recovery time compared to traditional laparotomy. The robotic platform has allowed patients access to minimally invasive surgery due to its increased utilization by gynecologic oncologists. Many surgeons have embraced the robotic platform due to its technological advances over traditional laparoscopy including high‐definition 3D optics, wristed instrumentation, camera stability and improved ergonomics. While robotic surgery continues as a mainstay in the management of gynecologic cancers, it remains controversial in regards to its cost effectiveness and more recently, its long‐term impact on clinical and oncologic outcomes. A strong component of the justification of this surgical platform is based on extrapolated data from traditional laparoscopy despite limited prospective randomized trials for robotic‐assisted surgery. In this review, we highlight the use of robotic surgery in the management of gynecologic cancers in special populations: fertility sparing patients, the morbidly obese, the elderly, and patients with a favorable response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Treatment strategy for failed repair of uterine rupture: Cleansing an abscess via the cervical Canal
Authors: Fukuoka Yasunori , Katou Hiroki , Shibata Takashi , Tokuda Hisato , Iizuka Noriaki , Nakago Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a new, conservative treatment strategy for the cases in which an initial repair surgery of uterine rupture failed. In a case presented here, the patient underwent a repair surgery for the uterine rupture that became apparent 4 days after the cesarean delivery, but a part of the wound did not heal and an abscess formed in the surrounding area. The patient had purulent discharge from vagina, which led us to try to insert a Nelaton tube from vagina via cervical canal and to cleanse the abscess cavity. This procedure was successful and the abscess disappeared 38 days later, allowing the healing of the ruptured wound. The patient could deliver a baby 2 years later. Even if the initial repair treatment fails, a possibility of preserving the uterus should be considered for next pregnancy. One of the concrete treatment strategies for this purpose was presented.
Treatment with a Toll‐like Receptor 7 ligand evokes protective immunity against atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice
Authors: Karadimou G. , Gisterå A. , Gallina A. L. , Caravaca A. S. , Centa M. , Salagianni M. , Andreakos E. , Hansson G. K. , Malin S. , Olofsson P. S. , Paulsson‐Berne G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe interplay between innate and adaptive immunity is central in life‐threatening clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The specific mechanisms involved and their protective versus detrimental effects in the disease process remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that higher levels of Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression in human atherosclerotic lesions are correlated with better patient outcome.ObjectiveIn this study, we explored whether TLR7 activation can ameliorate disease in experimental atherosclerosis in mice.MethodsApolipoprotein E deficient mice (Apoe−/−) with established disease were injected for five weeks intraperitoneally with the TLR7 ligand R848. Local effects were evaluated by characterization of the lesion. Systemic effects of the treatment were investigated by immune composition analysis in the spleen and plasma measurements.ResultsThe in vivo treatment arrested lesion progression in the aorta. We also detected expansion of marginal zone B cells and Treg in the spleen together with increased plasma IgM antibodies against oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. These changes were accompanied by increased accumulation of IgM antibodies, decreased necrosis and fewer apoptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions.ConclusionsOur findings show that TLR7 stimulation could ameliorate atherosclerotic lesion burden and reduce plasma cholesterol in Apoe−/− mice. TLR7 stimulation was associated with an atheroprotective B‐cell and Treg response, which may have systemic and local effects within lesions that could prevent arterial lipid accumulation and inflammation.
From new hires to their supervisors: The influence of newcomer race/ethnicity on the leader–member exchange conveyance
Authors: Zhang Lu , Goldberg Caren B. , McKay Patrick F. 
Published: May 2020

The present study explored whether the leader–member exchange (LMX) transmission process from new hires to their supervisors varies by new hires' race/ethnicity on the basis of LMX, racial stereotyping literature and role theory. Data were collected from 336 new hires and their supervisors over their first 4 months of working for a financial services firm. We hypothesized that role clarity would mediate the linkage between new hires' early LMX and supervisors' later SLMX. We further posited a moderated mediation effect such that the indirect effect of newcomers' early LMX on supervisors' later SLMX through role clarity would be stronger among minority than among White new hires. Study results were largely supportive of our hypotheses. The hypothesized mediated pathway extended to job performance, indicating that early high‐quality relationship was associated with enhanced job performance as rated 4 months later. The research and practical implications of these findings are discussed.Practitioner points

Our work demonstrates that the LMX conveyance process has greater influence on minority than White newcomers. Hence, managers should invest early in developing rapport with their new hires, especially minority newcomers.

Our findings suggest that organizations need to foster a positive climate to help newcomers feel comfortable seeking role clarity.

Diversity training for managers can bring unconscious biases to the fore. Accordingly, minority and White newcomers receive equal opportunity to adjust to and thrive in their new work roles.
Stochastic loss reserving: A new perspective from a Dirichlet model
Authors: Sriram Karthik , Shi Peng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractForecasting the outstanding claim liabilities to set adequate reserves is critical for a nonlife insurer's solvency. Chain–Ladder and Bornhuetter–Ferguson are two prominent actuarial approaches used for this task. The selection between the two approaches is often ad hoc due to different underlying assumptions. We introduce a Dirichlet model that provides a common statistical framework for the two approaches, with some appealing properties. Depending on the type of information available, the model inference naturally leads to either Chain–Ladder or Bornhuetter–Ferguson prediction. Using claims data on Worker's compensation insurance from several U.S. insurers, we discuss both frequentist and Bayesian inference.
High discontinuation rate of azathioprine in autoimmune hepatitis, independent of time of treatment initiation
Authors: Pape Simon , Gevers Tom J. G. , Vrolijk Jan Maarten , van Hoek Bart , Bouma Gerd , van Nieuwkerk Carin M. J. , Taubert Richard , Jaeckel Elmar , Manns Michael P. , Papp Maria , Sipeki Nora , Stickel Felix , Efe Cumali , Ozaslan Ersan , Purnak Tugrul , Nevens Frederik , Kessener Dominik J. N. , Kahraman Alisan , Wedemeyer Heiner , Hartl Johannes , Schramm Christoph , Lohse Ansgar W. , Heneghan Michael A. , Drenth Joost P. H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines regarding treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) favour two strategies for azathioprine (AZA) introduction: concurrent with steroids at induction or delayed by 2‐4 weeks. The safety and efficacy of both strategies have been unexplored.MethodsWe established a cohort of 900 AIH patients from 12 centres in 7 European countries. There were 631 patients who used AZA as part of the therapeutic regimen. We distinguished two groups: patients with early AZA (<2 weeks) or delayed AZA initiation (≥2 weeks). Primary outcome was discontinuation of AZA in the first year of treatment. Cox regression and propensity score matching was performed to determine difference in outcomes between groups.ResultsPatients with early AZA initiation had significantly lower transaminases and bilirubin at baseline. Discontinuation rates of AZA did not differ between early and delayed starters (16.6% vs 14.2%), which did not reach statistical significance (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.61‐1.55, P = .90). Stratification according to baseline disease activity or propensity score matching did not alter the results. Main reason for AZA discontinuation was intolerance to treatment (14.0% vs 13.2%, P = .78) with nausea and vomiting as main side effects. AIH remission rates were comparable among groups.ConclusionThe discontinuation rate of AZA in AIH treatment is ~15% in the first year of treatment. Early or delayed AZA initiation does not differ in remission and discontinuation rates in AIH induction therapy. Our data suggest that either strategy may be used as part of AIH treatment.
EP2 and EP3 receptors as therapeutic targets for underactive bladder/detrusor underactivity due to diabetic cystopathy in a type 1 diabetic rat model
Authors: Sekido Noritoshi , Otsuki Takeya , Kida Jun , Mashimo Hiroko , Wakamatsu Daisuke , Okada Hiroki , Matsuya Hidekazu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesDiabetic cystopathy (DC) is recognized as one of the major etiologies of underactive bladder (UAB)/detrusor underactivity (DU). Although DC was first reported about three decades ago, there is a distinct lack of effective pharmacological management methods for UAB/DU due to DC with a robust certainty of evidence. In this study, we investigated whether EP2 and EP3 receptors are promising targets of pharmacological management of UAB/DU due to DC.MethodsWe used streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic Sprague‐Dawley rats with postvoid residual urine (PVR) greater than 0.1 mL. Sixteen weeks after induction of diabetes, we performed awake single cystometry after oral administration of the vehicle, an α‐blocker (tamsulosin [TAM], 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), a cholinesterase inhibitor (distigmine [DIS], 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg), or an EP2/3 dual agonist (ONO‐8055, 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg). We compared cystometric parameters after administration of the vehicle and drugs using a paired t test. P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsCompared with the vehicle, TAM significantly decreased maximum intravesical pressure during voiding (Pmax), while DIS significantly increased it. However, neither drug significantly affected PVR or the residual urine rate (RUR). On the other hand, ONO‐8055 significantly decreased PVR and tended to decrease RUR, although it did not significantly affect Pmax.ConclusionThe present study was unable to demonstrate that stimulation of EP2 and EP3 receptors caused major improvements in UAB/DU due to DC. However, this equivocal result could arise from inherent limitations of the STZ‐induced diabetic rat as a UAB/DU model.
Sodium plays an important role in the absorption of intravesical fluid
Authors: Morizawa Yosuke , Torimoto Kazumasa , Hori Shunta , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Miyake Makito , Tanaka Nobumichi , Hirayama Akihide , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of sodium in intravesical absorption of water in the bladder and the sodium pathway in the urothelium.MethodsAdult female Sprague‐Dawley rats received either saline or a 5% glucose solution injection into their bladders. The changes in intravesical fluid volume; concentrations of sodium and chlorine and osmolality; and expression of aquaporin‐2, epithelial sodium channel, and claudins were compared after 3 hours.ResultsIntravesical volume decreased significantly in the saline group compared to that in the 5% glucose solution group. The expression of claudin‐3 and ‐6 was higher in the saline group than in the glucose group. There was a significant correlation between changes in the intravesical saline volume and the concentration of sodium and chlorine. Intravesical administration of amiloride did not affect changes in the fluid volume and concentration of sodium.ConclusionsThe presence of sodium is important for the absorption of intravesical fluid through aquaporin‐2 in the urinary bladders of rats. Claudin‐3 and ‐6 may be associated with the transport of sodium through the bladder urothelium.
LA‐ICP‐MS Pb isotope test of meteorite provenance: A terrestrial origin for Lovina
Authors: Charles Christopher R. J. , McCausland Phil J. A. , Davis Donald W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLovina, classified as an ungrouped ataxite, is controversial and its identity as a meteorite has been questioned. In this work, we use Pb isotopes on targeted troilite nodules in Lovina as a test of its antiquity and provenance. Although precise ages cannot be obtained, LA‐ICP‐MS offers a rapid, straightforward procedure to establish the source of lead, whether ancient (meteoritic) or modern (terrestrial). For nine pristine, unweathered nodules in Lovina, we find a lead isotopic composition of: 206Pb/208Pb = 0.492 ± 0.003 (2σ, MSWD 0.79; 95%) and 207Pb/206Pb = 0.852 ± 0.003 (2σ, MSWD 1.09; 95%) with no detectable uranium. All lead compositions of the troilite fall in the range expected for modern environmental and mantle lead and are distinctly different from the primordial Canyon Diablo Troilite (CDT) composition of ancient meteoritic troilite. Although the origin of Lovina remains unknown, we conclude that lead in the Lovina troilite is unsupported by U decay and originated from a terrestrial source.
Goodness-of-fit Testing in High Dimensional Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Janková Jana , Shah Rajen D. , Bühlmann Peter , Samworth Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe propose a family of tests to assess the goodness of fit of a high dimensional generalized linear model. Our framework is flexible and may be used to construct an omnibus test or directed against testing specific non-linearities and interaction effects, or for testing the significance of groups of variables. The methodology is based on extracting left-over signal in the residuals from an initial fit of a generalized linear model. This can be achieved by predicting this signal from the residuals by using modern powerful regression or machine learning methods such as random forests or boosted trees. Under the null hypothesis that the generalized linear model is correct, no signal is left in the residuals and our test statistic has a Gaussian limiting distribution, translating to asymptotic control of type I error. Under a local alternative, we establish a guarantee on the power of the test. We illustrate the effectiveness of the methodology on simulated and real data examples by testing goodness of fit in logistic regression models. Software implementing the methodology is available in the R package GRPtests.
Outstanding questions in flower metabolism
Authors: Borghi Monica , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe great diversity of flowers, their color, odor, taste, and shape, is mostly a result of the metabolic processes that occur in this reproductive organ when the flower and its tissues develop, grow, and finally die. Some of these metabolites serve to advertise flowers to animal pollinators, other confer protection towards abiotic stresses, and a large proportion of the molecules of the central metabolic pathways have bioenergetic and signaling functions that support growth and the transition to fruits and seeds. Although recent studies have advanced our general understanding of flower metabolism, several questions still await an answer. Here, we have compiled a list of open questions on flower metabolism encompassing molecular aspects, as well as topics of relevance for agriculture and the ecosystem. These questions include the study of flower metabolism through development, the biochemistry of nectar and its relevance to promoting plant‐pollinator interaction, recycling of metabolic resources after flowers whiter and die, as well as the manipulation of flower metabolism by pathogens. We hope with this review to stimulate discussion on the topic of flower metabolism and set a reference point to return to in the future when assessing progress in the field.
Isoagglutinin reduction in intravenous immunoglobulin (IgPro10, Privigen) by specific immunoaffinity chromatography reduces its reporting rates of hemolytic reactions: an analysis of spontaneous adverse event reports
Authors: Shebl Amgad , Gabriel Susie , Van Dinther Kristy , Hubsch Alphonse , Lawo John‐Philip , Hoefferer Liane , Welsh Susan 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDHemolysis is an infrequent but recognized and potentially serious adverse effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Relatively elevated hemolysis reporting rates were seen with some IVIG products with high anti‐A/B isoagglutinin content, among which IgPro10 (Privigen, CSL Behring). For IgPro10, two isoagglutinin reduction measures were successively implemented: 1) anti‐A donor screening and 2) immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC; Ig IsoLo)–based isoagglutinin reduction step included in the production process. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the effects of these isoagglutinin reduction measures on the reporting rates of IgPro10 hemolysis worldwide.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBetween February 2008 and December 2018, hemolysis reports from the CSL Behring Global Safety Database were analyzed in relationship to changes in IVIG IgPro10 production methods. Further analysis classified hemolysis reports by indication and blood group.RESULTSMedian (minimum‐maximum) anti‐A/anti‐B titers were 32 (8‐64)/16 (8‐32) at baseline, 32 (8‐64)/16 (8‐32) after donor screening, and 8 (8‐32)/4 (2‐8) after implementation of IAC. The reporting rate of hemolytic reactions per 1000 kg IgPro10 sold was 4.05 cases at baseline, 2.00 after donor screening, and 0.50 after implementation of IAC. In 2018, there were seven reports of hemolytic reactions; representing 0.18 cases per 1000 kg IgPro10 sold, with a reduction of 95.6% versus baseline.CONCLUSIONFollowing implementation of the IAC isoagglutinin reduction step, spontaneous reports of hemolytic events with IgPro10 were significantly and consistently reduced versus IgPro10 without isoagglutinin reduction, offering patients a more favorable benefit‐risk profile.
Optimizing pump operations in water distribution systems: energy cost, greenhouse gas emissions and water quality
Authors: Güngör‐Demirci Gamze , Lee Juneseok , Keck Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a multiobjective optimization approach was adopted to optimize pumping operations by minimizing energy cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while considering water quality either as an additional objective or as a constraint. When water quality was not included, a trade‐off between energy cost and GHG was found. Including water quality as a constraint led to an overall increase in energy cost and GHG emissions while keeping trade‐offs between the objectives. When water quality was included as a third objective, there was a positive correlation between energy cost and GHG emissions, but a negative correlation was found between water quality and the other two quantities (energy cost and GHG). The three‐objective formulation enabled a deeper understanding of each individual solution, while also providing a wider range of possible alternatives to consider.
Sensory Reweighting During Bipedal Quiet Standing in Adolescents
Authors: Pardo-Ibáñez Alberto , Bermejo Jose L. , Gandia Sergio , Maitre Julien , Villarrasa-Sapiña Israel , Estevan Isaac , Garcia-Masso Xavier 
Published: May 2020

A cross-sectional, prospective, between-subjects design was used in this study to establish the differences in sensory reweighting of postural control among different ages during adolescence. A total of 153 adolescents (five age groups; 13–17 years old) performed bipedal standing in three sensory conditions (i.e., with visual restriction, vestibular disturbance, and proprioceptive disturbance). Center of pressure displacement signals were measured in mediolateral and anteroposterior directions to characterize reweighting in the sensory system in static postural control when sensory information is disturbed or restricted during adolescent growth. The results indicate a development of postural control, showing large differences between subjects of 13–14 years old and older adolescents. A critical change was found in sensory reweighting during bipedal stance with disturbance of proprioceptive information at 15 years old. Adolescents of 13–14 years old showed less postural control and performance than older adolescents during the disturbance of proprioceptive information. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the visual system achieves its development around 15–16 years old. In conclusion, this research suggests that a difference of sensory reweighting under this type of sensorial condition and sensory reweight systems would seem to achieve stabilization at the age of 15.