bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention for caregivers of People With Dementia with regard to burden, anxiety and depression: A systematic review
Authors: Frias Cindy E. , Garcia‐Pascual Marta , Montoro Mercedes , Ribas Nuria , Risco Ester , Zabalegui Adelaida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions with respect to burden, anxiety and depression in family caregivers of People With Dementia living at home.BackgroundIn dementia, the family assumes the role of main caregiver, maintaining the patient in a good state of health. Nevertheless, burden, anxiety and depression may have negative repercussions in caregivers. Therefore, professional supports through psychoeducational programmes are recommended as interventions for improving caregivers' health.DesignA quantitative systematic review.Data SourcesElectronic searches were performed in CINAHL/AMED/CENTRAL/Web of Science/LILACS/PUBMED from January 2005–August 2018.Review MethodsThe review was conducted using the JADAD scale to assess bias risk and the quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the CONSORT instrument to assess study quality report. The extracted data were reviewed by independent reviewer pairs. The review was reported using PRISMA.ResultsA total of 18 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Seven were classified as Technology‐based Interventions and 11 as Group‐based Interventions.ConclusionPsychoeducational interventions for caregivers allow them to increase their knowledge of the illness, develop problem‐solving skills and facilitate social support. Technology‐based Interventions significantly affect burden while Group‐based Interventions affect anxiety, depression, insomnia and burden and quality of life and self‐efficacy.ImpactResearch findings can be used to classify caregivers in future interventions according to illness stage to obtain more precise results.
Association of suboptimal health status with intestinal microbiota in Chinese youths
Authors: Sun Qi , Xu Xizhu , Zhang Jie , Sun Ming , Tian Qiuyue , Li Qihuan , Cao Weijie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Hao , Liu Jiaonan , Zhang Jinxia , Meng Xiaoni , Wu Lijuan , Song Manshu , Liu Hongqi , Wang Wei , Wang Youxin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSuboptimal health status (SHS), a physical state between health and disease, is a subclinical and reversible stage of chronic disease. Previous studies have shown alterations in the intestinal microbiota in patients with some chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between SHS and intestinal microbiota in a case‐control study with 50 SHS individuals and 50 matched healthy controls. Intestinal microbiota was analysed by MiSeq 250PE. Alpha diversity of intestinal microbiota in SHS individuals was higher compared with that of healthy controls (Simpson index, W = 2238, P = .048). Beta diversity was different between SHS and healthy controls (P = .018). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was higher in the SHS group than that in the controls (W = 2201, P = .049). Compared with that of the control group, nine genera were significantly higher and five genera were lower in abundance in the SHS group (all P < .05). The intestinal microbiota, analysed by a random forest model, was able to distinguish individuals with SHS from the controls, with an area under the curve of 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.77‐0.81). We demonstrated that the alteration of intestinal microbiota occurs with SHS, an early stage of disease, which might shed light on the importance of intestinal microbiota in the primary prevention of noncommunicable chronic diseases.
European Dermatology Forum guidelines on topical photodynamic therapy 2019 Part 2: emerging indications – field cancerization, photorejuvenation and inflammatory/infective dermatoses
Authors: Morton C.A. , Szeimies R.‐M. , Basset‐Séguin N. , Calzavara‐Pinton P.G. , Gilaberte Y. , Hædersdal M. , Hofbauer G.F.L. , Hunger R.E. , Karrer S. , Piaserico S. , Ulrich C. , Wennberg A.‐M. , Braathen L.R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn addition to approved indications in non‐melanoma skin cancer in immunocompetent patients, topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also been studied for its place in the treatment of, as well as its potential to prevent, superficial skin cancers in immune‐suppressed patients, although sustained clearance rates are lower than for immune‐competent individuals. PDT using a nanoemulsion of ALA in a daylight or conventional PDT protocol has been approved for use in field cancerization, although evidence of the potential of the treatment to prevent new SCC remained limited. High‐quality evidence supports a strong recommendation for the use of topical PDT in photorejuvenation as well as for acne, refractory warts, cutaneous leishmaniasis and in onychomycosis, although these indications currently lack approvals for use and protocols remain to be optimized, with more comparative evidence with established therapies required to establish its place in practice. Adverse events across all indications for PDT can be minimized through the use of modified and low‐irradiance regimens, with a low risk of contact allergy to photosensitizer prodrugs, and no other significant documented longer‐term risks with no current evidence of cumulative toxicity or photocarcinogenic risk. The literature on the pharmacoeconomics for using PDT is also reviewed, although accurate comparisons are difficult to establish in different healthcare settings, comparing hospital/office‐based therapies of PDT and surgery with topical ointments, requiring inclusion of number of visits, real‐world efficacy as well as considering the value to be placed on cosmetic outcome and patient preference. This guideline, published over two parts, considers all current approved and emerging indications for the use of topical photodynamic therapy in Dermatology prepared by the PDT subgroup of the European Dermatology Forum guidelines committee. It presents consensual expert recommendations reflecting current published evidence.
Ecological divergence and speciation in common bottlenose dolphins in the western South Atlantic
Authors: Costa Ana P. B. , Fruet Pedro F. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Daura‐Jorge Fábio G. , Simões‐Lopes Paulo C. , Di Tullio Juliana C. , Rosel Patricia E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoastal and offshore ecotypes of common bottlenose dolphins have been recognized in the western South Atlantic, and it is possible that trophic niche divergence associated with social interactions is leading them to genetic and phenotypic differentiation. The significant morphological differentiation observed between these ecotypes suggests they represent two different subspecies. However, there is still a need to investigate whether there is congruence between morphological and genetic data to rule out the possibility of ecophenotypic variation accompanied by gene flow. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence data and 10 microsatellite loci collected from stranded and biopsied dolphins sampled in coastal and offshore waters of Brazil as well as 106 skulls for morphological analyses were used to determine whether the morphological differentiation was supported by genetic differentiation. There was congruence among the data sets, reinforcing the presence of two distinct ecotypes. The divergence may be relatively recent, however, given the moderate values of mtDNA nucleotide divergence (dA = 0.008), presence of one shared mtDNA haplotype and possibly low levels of gene flow (around 1% of migrants per generation). Results suggest the ecotypes may be in the process of speciation and reinforce they are best described as two different subspecies until the degree of nuclear genetic divergence is thoroughly evaluated: Tursiops truncatus gephyreus (coastal ecotype) and T. t. truncatus (offshore ecotype). The endemic distribution of T. t. gephyreus in the western South Atlantic and number of anthropogenic threats in the area reinforces the importance of protecting this ecotype and its habitat.
Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Intellectual Disability: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder V versus clinical impression
Authors: Perera B. , Courtenay K. , Solomou S. , Borakati A. , Strydom A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in people with intellectual disability (ID) remains challenging. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder V (DSM V) classification system is often used to diagnose ADHD in the general population; however, the presence of ID and other associated conditions such as autism and communication difficulties can make it difficult to apply the DSM V criteria in people with ID. Therefore, diagnosing ADHD in people with ID is often made using clinical judgement and/or the application of diagnostic criteria. There are no studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of clinical judgement and the use of DSM V criteria in people with ID and ADHD.MethodThe aims of the study were to compare the accuracy of the diagnosis of ADHD in people with ID according to the DSM V criteria versus clinical judgement and to determine which criteria are more reliable. A questionnaire was developed using five fictional case scenarios of people with ID. Questionnaires were presented to practising psychiatrists chosen as a convenience sample in the United Kingdom over a period of 12 months. Case scenarios were developed and agreed to be positive or negative for ADHD by the study authors prior to rating by clinicians.The clinicians were asked to read the scenarios and to make a judgement on the cases regarding the symptoms of ADHD. They were then presented with the 18 DSM V criteria of ADHD and asked to select the criteria they considered were present in each scenario. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and predictive values for both the DSM V criteria and clinical opinions were calculated for correctly identifying the exemplar cases.ResultsThe data showed strong sensitivity [0.82 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.89] and high specificity (1.00 95% CI 0.95–1.00) for the raters' clinical opinion. In contrast, the DSM V criteria alone, as assessed by the raters, did not reliably provide ADHD diagnoses, with a sensitivity of only 0.23 (95% CI 0.15–0.31). This difference in sensitivity between the two was statistically significant at P < 0.001.ConclusionThe study results suggest that clinical opinion is the ‘gold standard’ at present in diagnosing ADHD in adults with ID in the absence of a validated diagnostic tool in this group. Further studies are needed to understand how symptoms of ADHD can be presented differently in people with ID. DSM V criteria for ADHD may need to be adapted according to the severity of ID and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity evaluation of crude extracts: Toxicity comparison of crude extracts and its ethosomal formulations
Authors: Sasindran Saranya , Easwaran Madhunithya , Shyamala Govindarajan , Karuppaiah Arjunan , Siram Karthik , Veintramuthu Sankar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCombined plant extracts ofPhyllanthus niruri,Croton tiglium, andZingiber officinaleare reported to have potential pharmacological applications. Ethosomes have a unique ability of encapsulating drugs or plant extracts with varying hydrophobicities in the phospholipid bilayer.AimTo explore cytotoxicity of the combined plant extracts and ethosome loaded combined plant extracts for topical delivery. To study effect of ethosomes loaded combined plant extracts using HaCaT cells model treated with testosterone.MethodsDried powder of plant was extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet and cold macerations. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined using established methods. The combined extract loaded ethosome formulation was prepared by solvent dispersion method.ResultsThe plant extracts loaded ethosomes formulation with a vesicle size range 1524.6‐167.7 nm was prepared. HaCaT cells treated with testosterone negative control showed an IC50value of 27 ± 1.0. Thw standard marketed topical minoxidil (1% solution) treated cells with testosterone showed an IC50value 33 ± 1.0 and the combined plant extracts loaded ethosomes with testosterone showed an IC50value 30 ± 1.0. Morphological alterations of rat skin exposed to the combined plant extract loaded ethosomes solution were assessed and compared with untreated skin and negative control.ConclusionThe preclinical safety was investigated employing an in vitro cytotoxicity and histopathological study. The cell line study results confirmed that the combined plant extracts loaded ethosomes inhibits testosterone and increase cell viability closer to that of standard drug minoxidil. According to our histopathological study, the combined plant extract loaded ethosomal formulations did not cause any damage to the rat skin layer.
A 3‐year prospective clinical and patient‐centered trial on subepithelial connective tissue graft with or without enamel matrix derivative in Class I‐II Miller recessions
Authors: Mercado Faustino , Hamlet Stephen , Ivanovski Sašo 
Published: December 2019

Background and ObjectiveThe study compared clinical and patient‐centered outcomes of subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) with and without enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of Class I‐II Miller periodontal recession defects.Material and MethodsThis prospective clinical study evaluated 80 patients over a 3 years follow‐up in a private periodontal practice. A total of 144 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were divided into two groups: group 1 (CTG with EMD—80 teeth) and group 2 (CTG only—64 teeth). Recession (REC), keratinized tissue (KT) width, % root overage, patient‐centered outcomes, and pain visual analog scale (P‐VAS) were compared between the two groups.ResultsAt 3 years follow‐up at a patient level, statistically significant changes in REC were achieved in both group 1 (4.65 ± 1.84 to 0.39 ± 0.19 mm) and group 2 (4.43 ± 1.11 to 0.92 ± 0.43 mm). Complete root coverage (CRC) was achieved in 66.4% of group 1 and 50.1% of group 2. At both patient and tooth level, the 3‐year outcomes were superior for group 1 compared with group 2 in terms of % root coverage, REC, and KT width. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) was reduced in group 1 compared with group 2 at the tooth level analysis only (<.01). Significantly less pain was reported using the pain visual analog Scale (P < .001) at the two weeks follow‐up post‐surgery in group 1.ConclusionsAddition of EMD results in improved root coverage outcomes and higher amounts of keratinized tissue width 36 months after treatment of multiple adjacent recessions on maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. The adjunctive use of EMD also resulted in significantly reduced pain 14 days after the surgery.
Community Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders in Urban and Rural Veterans
Authors: Turvey Carolyn L. , Lund Brian C. , Jones DeShauna , Arndt Stephan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe recent opioid crisis is characterized by a relatively greater increase in opioid use disorder and related mortality in rural populations when compared with urban populations.1‐5 As almost a quarter of our nation's veterans reside in rural settings, the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is interested in the impact of this epidemic on rural veterans. This study aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of the trends in substance use disorders (SUD) in veterans seeking treatment from community, non‐VHA providers.MethodsUsing Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)’s Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS), this study presents the prevalence of treatment for veterans seeking initial admission into publicly funded non‐VHA SUD treatment centers for years 2011‐2016. Comparisons were made for all SUD types. Multivariate trend analysis based on annual data from 2011 to 2016 compared urban and rural veterans for opioid use disorder treatment.FindingsBoth urban and rural veterans had comparable rates of treatment for SUD, though rural veterans had slightly higher rates of injectable (11.2% vs 8.7%; P < .001) and opiate drug use disorder admissions (20.7% vs 18.1%; P = .014). Both urban and rural showed an increase in admissions for opioid, heroin, and injectable drug use disorders between 2011 and 2016 (P < .001).ConclusionsComprehensive understanding of veteran SUD and treatment should include national‐level data on community non‐VHA treatment. SAMHSA's TEDS for years 2011‐2016 provides clinical information for more than 90,000 veterans and indicates continued increase in treatment seeking for opioid use disorders, particularly for rural veterans.
Nested‐association mapping (NAM)‐based genetic dissection uncovers candidate genes for seed and pod weights in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Gangurde Sunil S. , Wang Hui , Yaduru Shasidhar , Pandey Manish K. , Fountain Jake C. , Chu Ye , Isleib Thomas , Holbrook C. Corley , Xavier Alencar , Culbreath Albert K. , Ozias‐Akins Peggy , Varshney Rajeev K. , Guo Baozhu 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMultiparental genetic mapping populations such as nested‐association mapping (NAM) have great potential for investigating quantitative traits and associated genomic regions leading to rapid discovery of candidate genes and markers. To demonstrate the utility and power of this approach, two NAM populations, NAM_Tifrunner and NAM_Florida‐07, were used for dissecting genetic control of 100‐pod weight (PW) and 100‐seed weight (SW) in peanut. Two high‐density SNP‐based genetic maps were constructed with 3341 loci and 2668 loci for NAM_Tifrunner and NAM_Florida‐07, respectively. The quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified 12 and 8 major effect QTLs for PW and SW, respectively, in NAM_Tifrunner, and 13 and 11 major effect QTLs for PW and SW, respectively, in NAM_Florida‐07. Most of the QTLs associated with PW and SW were mapped on the chromosomes A05, A06, B05 and B06. A genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis identified 19 and 28 highly significant SNP–trait associations (STAs) in NAM_Tifrunner and 11 and 17 STAs in NAM_Florida‐07 for PW and SW, respectively. These significant STAs were co‐localized, suggesting that PW and SW are co‐regulated by several candidate genes identified on chromosomes A05, A06, B05, and B06. This study demonstrates the utility of NAM population for genetic dissection of complex traits and performing high‐resolution trait mapping in peanut.
Zooming in on labor market cooperation: A study of a failed project to support unemployed young people
Authors: Strindlund Lena , Dahlgren Madeleine Abrandt , Ståhl Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to study the relational dynamics of interorganizational cooperation over the life of a labor market project supporting unemployed young people.MethodsThe methodological process followed the practice theory toolkit described by Nicolini (2012). Data were collected by ethnographical methods through the initiation, development and closing down of the project. Data analysis was performed in relation to three focus areas: (a) tensions between creativity and normativity, (b) processes of legitimation and stabilization and (c) interactional order.ResultsThe results visualized how a lack of consensus and the presence of two divergent rationalities, a coordinating rationality and an empowerment rationality, within the project organization had major influences on the initiation, development and closing down of the project.ConclusionsThe study has, by using a practice theory approach, illuminated the complex dynamics of cooperative projects. The study highlights four central and relative conditions when setting up cooperative projects: (a) to enable open and clear communication, (b) to create an adequate structure for the project and clarify assignments and roles in the project organization, (c) to build trustful relationships within the project organization and towards cooperative actors, and (d) to prioritize steering and monitoring in cooperative projects in order to avoid the project deviating from its purpose.
Assessing durum wheat ear and leaf metabolomes in the field through hyperspectral data
Authors: Vergara‐Diaz Omar , Vatter Thomas , Kefauver Shawn Carlisle , Obata Toshihiro , Fernie Alisdair R. , Araus José Luis 
Published: December 2019

SummaryHyperspectral techniques are currently used to retrieve information concerning plant biophysical traits, predominantly targeting pigments, water, and nitrogen‐protein contents, structural elements, and the leaf area index. Even so, hyperspectral data could be more extensively exploited to overcome the breeding challenges being faced under global climate change by advancing high‐throughput field phenotyping. In this study, we explore the potential of field spectroscopy to predict the metabolite profiles in flag leaves and ear bracts in durum wheat. The full‐range reflectance spectra (visible (VIS)‐near‐infrared (NIR)‐short wave infrared (SWIR)) of flag leaves, ears and canopies were recorded in a collection of contrasting genotypes grown in four environments under different water regimes. GC‐MS metabolite profiles were analyzed in the flag leaves, ear bracts, glumes, and lemmas. The results from regression models exceeded 50% of the explained variation (adj‐R2 in the validation sets) for at least 15 metabolites in each plant organ, whereas their errors were considerably low. The best regressions were obtained for malate (82%), glycerate and serine (63%) in leaves; myo‐inositol (81%) in lemmas; glycolate (80%) in glumes; sucrose in leaves and glumes (68%); γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in leaves and glumes (61% and 71%, respectively); proline and glucose in lemmas (74% and 71%, respectively) and glumes (72% and 69%, respectively). The selection of wavebands in the models and the performance of the models based on canopy and VIS organ spectra and yield prediction are discussed. We feel that this technique will likely to be of interest due to its broad applicability in ecophysiology research, plant breeding programmes, and the agri‐food industry.
Directed Energy Deposition of Zirconia-Toughened Alumina Ceramic: Novel Microstructure Formation and Mechanical Performance
Authors: Hu Yingbin , Wang Hui , Cong Weilong , Zhao Bo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Over the past two decades, a considerable amount of work has been done on zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) to take advantage of the recognized toughening effect induced by ZrO2. In fabricating customized or complex-shaped ZTA parts, conventional manufacturing processes, including slip casting and powder metallurgy, are regarded as time-consuming and cost-intensive. In response to these problems, directed energy deposition (DED) has been proposed and utilized to fabricate customized ZTA parts with highly flexible features in a shorter cycle time at a lower cost. Investigations have been reported on studying effects of input variables (such as laser power) in DED of ZTA parts, however, there are very limited investigations on effects of the ZrO2 content. In this investigation, the effects of the ZrO2 content on microstructures and mechanical properties of DED-fabricated ZTA parts are studied. Experimental results show that at lower levels of ZrO2 contents (5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 20 wt%), a novel three-dimensional quasi-continuous network (3DQCN) microstructure is tailored, whereas at higher levels of ZrO2 contents (30 wt%, 35 wt%, and 41.5 wt%), eutectic microstructure dominates the whole part. Both the 3DQCN microstructure and the eutectic microstructure are beneficial for toughening ZTA parts. In addition, the 3DQCN microstructure contributes to hardening ZTA parts.