bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of host plant growth form on dropping behaviour in leaf beetles
Authors: Matsubara Satoru , Sugiura Shinji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many leaf-eating insects drop from their host plants to escape predators. However, they must return to the leaves of the host plant after dropping, which represents a cost associated with this behaviour. In woody plants, the positioning of leaves is generally higher than that of herbaceous plants, which suggests that dropping from woody plants might be costlier for leaf-eating insects than dropping from herbaceous plants. Therefore, we predicted that dropping behaviour would be observed less frequently in insects that feed on woody plant leaves than in those that feed on herbaceous plant leaves. To test this prediction, we investigated dropping behaviour experimentally in larvae (23 species) and adults (112 species) of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on their host plants (86 species of 44 families) in field conditions. Larvae on woody plants exhibited dropping behaviour less frequently than those on herbaceous plants. However, this pattern was not detected in adults. Thus, host plant growth form might affect the evolution of dropping behaviour in leaf beetle larvae, but not in winged adults, perhaps owing to their higher mobility.
Retrospective analysis of hemispheric structural network change as a function of location and size of glioma
Authors: D’Souza Shawn , Hirt Lisa , Ormond David R , Thompson John A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGliomas are neoplasms that arise from glial cell origin and represent the largest fraction of primary malignant brain tumours (77%). These highly infiltrative malignant cell clusters modify brain structure and function through expansion, invasion and intratumoral modification. Depending on the growth rate of the tumour, location and degree of expansion, functional reorganization may not lead to overt changes in behaviour despite significant cerebral adaptation. Studies in simulated lesion models and in patients with stroke reveal both local and distal functional disturbances, using measures of anatomical brain networks. Investigations over the last two decades have sought to use diffusion tensor imaging tractography data in the context of intracranial tumours to improve surgical planning, intraoperative functional localization, and post-operative interpretation of functional change. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging tractography to assess the impact of tumour location on the white matter structural network. To better understand how various lobe localized gliomas impact the topology underlying efficiency of information transfer between brain regions, we identified the major alterations in brain network connectivity patterns between the ipsilesional versus contralesional hemispheres in patients with gliomas localized to the frontal, parietal or temporal lobe. Results were indicative of altered network efficiency and the role of specific brain regions unique to different lobe localized gliomas. This work draws attention to connections and brain regions which have shared structural susceptibility in frontal, parietal and temporal lobe glioma cases. This study also provides a preliminary anatomical basis for understanding which affected white matter pathways may contribute to preoperative patient symptomology.
Determinants of left atrial reservoir and pump strain and use of atrial strain for evaluation of left ventricular filling pressure
Authors: Inoue Katsuji , Khan Faraz H , Remme Espen W , Ohte Nobuyuki , García-Izquierdo Eusebio , Chetrit Michael , Moñivas-Palomero Vanessa , Mingo-Santos Susana , Andersen Øyvind S , Gude Einar , Andreassen Arne K , Wang Tom Kai Ming , Kikuchi Shohei , Stugaard Marie , Ha Jong-Won , Klein Allan L , Nagueh Sherif F , Smiseth Otto A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to investigate determinants of left atrial (LA) reservoir and pump strain and if these parameters may serve as non-invasive markers of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure.

Methods and results
In a multicentre study of 322 patients with cardiovascular disease of different aetiologies, LA strain and other echocardiographic parameters were compared with invasively measured LV filling pressure. The strongest determinants of LA reservoir and pump strain were LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) (r-values 0.64 and 0.51, respectively) and LV filling pressure (r-values −0.52 and −0.57, respectively). Left atrial volume was another independent, but weaker determinant of both LA strains. For both LA strains, association with LV filling pressure was strongest in patients with reduced LV ejection fraction. Left atrial reservoir strain &lt;18% and LA pump strain &lt;8% predicted elevated LV filling pressure better (P &lt; 0.05) than LA volume and conventional Doppler parameters. Accuracy to identify elevated LV filling pressure was 75% for LA reservoir strain alone and 72% for pump strain alone. When combined with conventional parameters, accuracy was 82% for both LA strains. In patients with normal LV systolic function by GLS, LA pump strain &gt;14% identified normal LV filling pressure with 92% accuracy.

Conclusion
Left atrial reservoir and pump strain are determined predominantly by LV GLS and filling pressure. Accuracy of LA strains to identify elevated LV filling pressure was best in patients with reduced LV systolic function. High values of LA pump strain, however, identified normal LV filling pressure with good accuracy in patients with normal systolic function.
Credit supply shocks and the Great Depression in Germany
Authors: Breitenlechner Max , GrÜndler Daniel , Mathy Gabriel P , Scharler Johann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
At the peak of the Great Depression in mid-1931, Germany experienced a severe banking crisis. We study to what extent credit constraints contributed to the downturn by fitting a structural vector autoregressive model with data from January 1925 to September 1935. Adverse credit supply shocks contributed strongly to the downturn especially at the time of the 1931 banking crisis. Before that, credit supply shocks had also contributed to the expansion phase preceding the depression. We also find that aggregate demand and U.S. business cycle shocks were the primary drivers of the German Great Depression.
Using a Virtual Curriculum to Provide Interprofessional Student Education in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Indelicato Alyssa , Germain Lauren , Una Liliana Barros , Krueger Alice , Ludwig Ann , Brangman Sharon , Stewart Telisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As Alzheimer’s disease increases in prevalence among older adults, there is an increased need for health professionals to effectively communicate with patients and their caregivers. Interactions between providers and Alzheimer’s patients differ from a typical patient-physician encounter. The project created a virtual learning environment (VLE) to better prepare students to engage with Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers. The VLE includes a clinical space, clinical office, and a patient’s home environment for students to practice their health communication skills and to better understand the lived experience. Nursing, MD, and Physician Assistants students were recruited and assigned a virtual provider (avatar). Students engage with a virtual patient (bot) in an exam room and then are directed to engage with a virtual caregiver (bot) in a clinical office. The virtual patient and caregiver have been programmed to respond to questions respectively and provide detailed insight into their lived experiences. After these encounters, the student is asked to react on the information obtained. The student is asked to explore the virtual home environment and triangulate the home experience, the caregiver’s perspective, and the patient’s responses. We are enrolling students to participate in the project and will complete the evaluation data. Students will be assessed for knowledge, self-efficacy, and their overall satisfaction with the virtual learning environment. We anticipate students will have an increase in each of these areas and will have improved communication skills with this at-risk, older adult population.
Across Generations: A University Course Promoting Intergenerational Relationships
Authors: Foti Megan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to support University students in meeting general studies requirements, while also promoting knowledge and understanding related to aging, Across Generations was developed. Across Generations provides students with a basic understanding of intergenerational relationships and the importance of fostering intergenerational collaborations in order to positively influence our communities. Beyond topics in older adulthood, this course helps students learn more about different generations, diverse cultures, and how to interact and form meaningful relationships with those different from them. Students also have an opportunity to interact with older adults and reflect on their experiences. Additionally, they complete a needs assessment and program development activities in order to identify relevant needs and identify ways to address them. In some cases, actual programs are developed and continue after the course ends. Across Generations topics include: introduction to aging and intergenerational relationships, learning from each other and the benefits of fostering intergenerational relationships, public policy, grandfamilies, older adult isolation, cross-cultural considerations, conflict resolution from an older adult viewpoint, and identifying needs and creating opportunities. This presentation shares the course development process, course learning outcomes and topic outline, student experiences and feedback, and recommendations for similar course development.
Reducing Ageism in a Lifespan Development Course Using Service Learning: Does an Aging Focus Matter?
Authors: Graf Allyson , Bolling Callie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A rapidly growing older adult population underlies the importance of reducing ageism. Research shows that college students typically hold negative views of older adults. While education and demonstrations within aging-focused courses contribute to reducing ageist beliefs, attitudes, and behavior toward older adults, contact with older adults amplifies these effects. This study investigated whether integrating contact with older adults into a lifespan development course was effective in decreasing college students’ ageism. The sample (N = 104; Mage = 19.94, SD = 3.27) were enrolled in the psychology course, largely as a major requirement for social science majors (51.9%) and health science majors (38.5%). As part of the course curriculum, a portion of the students (n = 57) interacted with older adults to fulfill a service-learning requirement; a control group (n = 47) were not given this option. Knowledge (Facts on Aging), behavior (Relating to Old People Evaluation; aging-related career intentions), and attitudes (Anxiety about Aging and Ambivalent Ageism) were assessed at the beginning and end of the semester. Quantity and quality of contact with older adults was also measured at baseline as a covariate. In a series of ANCOVA analyses, students with aging-related experiences across the term did not differ significantly on any measure compared to those without these experiences, controlling for experience with older adults and baseline assessments. The implications of this finding in the context of research may signal that focus of the course content may be an important moderator of the effectiveness of service-learning experiences with older adults.
Seniors and Undergraduates Mutually Benefit From an Interprofessional Service-Learning Health Promotion Program
Authors: Howell Britteny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although benefits of service-learning and interprofessional education (IPE) have been separately well documented to be effective for students in gerontology and geriatrics courses, few curricula appear to integrate both aspects into a single course for undergraduate students in public health. This poster discusses the development and implementation of a service-learning health promotion program utilizing IPE embedded within two courses in two different departments at a mid-sized university. Students worked in interdisciplinary teams and acquired interprofessional educational learning outcomes while they engaged in their first experiences working with diverse older adults at a low-income, independent-living housing community. Twenty-five students (N=25) each team-taught 2 sessions on nutrition, physical activity, and stress reduction techniques in a 10-week program. Qualitative and quantitative results are presented which demonstrate significant learning outcomes from the students about the health needs of the aging population and increased comfort in working with older adults. Older participants in the program also reported positive health and psychological outcomes from their participation. Limitations, challenges, and next steps are also presented.
Focused Ethnography in Gerontological Research and Education
Authors: Patton Susan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gerontological researchers often use qualitative methods to understand beliefs, values, and shared practices. Focused ethnography (FE) has emerged as a form of qualitative research focused on a specific issue or shared experiences in sub-cultures in specific settings, such as older adults experiencing chronic illness. However, examples of FE in gerontological research literature are few and there is limited methodological guidance on using FE. This presentation provides descriptions of FE based on existing literature and experience in ethnographic research. A systematic review of extant literature was conducted using CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete (Ebsco), and PubMed. Published studies using FE are summarized to demonstrate the methodological foundation and the versatility of FE in exploring health issues in different populations and specific groups of older adults. Nursing students completing a course in chronic illness were trained to conduct an FE on one of the patients in their care. Students were provided a semi-structured interview guide based on the eight questions in Kleinman’s Patient’s Explanatory Model of Illness. The focused ethnographies were then analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Beliefs older adults hold about their chronic illness fell into three categories: regretting lifestyle choices, grieving loss of self, and finding a “new normal”. Focused ethnography is a relevant research method that can be used to understand health behavior of older adults and can be used to teach and evaluate cultural competency in nursing students.
Interprofessional Healthcare Education on Aging Increases Students' Confidence in Medication Management Skills
Authors: Finn Laura , Summers Deborah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Students studying for health care professions have limited opportunities to learn about medication use and aging in an interprofessional experience. Health Care students who interact in a simulation of age-related sensory changes can identify adaptations for safe medication use and counseling necessary to promote healthy aging. This research assessed the impact of a simulated team experience on pharmacy and physician assistant students’ confidence in understanding age related changes and in learning adaptations to promote safe medication use for older adults who may experience those changes. 63 pharmacy and 113 Physician Assistant students participated in 2-hour Interprofessional Education (IPE) sessions. The teams of pharmacy/physician assistant students utilized glasses to simulate changes in vision and gloves to simulate conditions of arthritis and neuropathy which increase in prevalence with age. Teams practiced skills of medication counseling and empathy towards their peers experiencing the simulations and learned medication administration adaptations for aging well. Pre survey results show a deficit of Pharmacist-Physician Assistant IPE with less than 20% of students reporting a strong understanding of the other profession’s role in developing an older adult’s care plan. Post survey results demonstrate an increase in students’ confidence in both understanding how sensory impairments may affect a patient’s ability to properly administer medication and confidence in counseling older adults on safe medication use. Descriptive data on learning in Interprofessional teams, Pre/Post comparison data and application to students studying other majors will be presented.
Medical Students' Longitudinal Learning With Older Adults: Geriatrics Education Mentor Program
Authors: Gugliucci Marilyn , Thieme Victoria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine (UNECOM) Geriatrics Education Mentor (GEM) Program is in its sixth year. It's a joint project between older community living adults and 2nd year medical students within the Osteopathic Clinical Skills course. The GEM program goal is to foster understanding and importance of the person/patient-provider relationship. Pairs of osteopathic medical students (N=87 +/- 5) were assigned to an older adult GEM (mentor) volunteer (N=87 +/-5) living within a 50 mile radius of UNECOM. Snowball sampling was used to recruit the GEMs; student participation is required. Four (4) home visits were conducted over 9 months with an assigned GEM; each visit included a new assignment. Students observed, summarized, and recorded experiences communicated by the GEM for each cumulative assignment. Data from assignments were “graded” and content analyses of open ended evaluation/summary questions were conducted. This program is UNE IRB approved. Student pairs completed all assignments. Assignments analysis on Blackboard revealed that students developed respect and awareness of life and medical experiences of the GEM; expressed understanding of the GEM’s life experiences and goals for what “matters most”. Relationships with older adults were established while students maintained professionalism and succeeded in competent and confident interactions. Documentation review from the 4 assignments aided in building students’ geriatrics knowledge, attitudes and skills. Pre-clinical medical education tends to be episodic; providing an opportunity to establish longitudinal assignments over the course of the academic year with the same older adult augments relationship skills and learning in geriatrics.
Starting an Older Adult Lecture for First Semester Nursing Students With a Truth or Myth Game
Authors: Brown Lynn , Tsai Pao-feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
False ideas about the physical and psychosocial characteristics of older adults exist in America. It is especially important that nurses are not susceptible to myths and stereotypes as these myths can affect the quality of patient care. For example, some people stereotype older adults as forgetful, disabled, ill, and unable to understand new information. Misconceptions and negative stereotypes are also present in first year nursing students. It is vital that students assess their own attitudes about older adults to form positive attitudes and gain knowledge about aging and health care needs. To achieve this goal, the older adult lecture in a first semester theory and fundamental course begins with a PowerPoint slide presentation asking students to distinguish truths and myths. The truth or myth topics include a) developmental tasks; b) common physiological changes; c) a comparison of delirium, dementia, and depression; and d) addressing health concerns of older adults. Active discussion follows the activity. Seventy to ninety percent of students correctly answered nine of ten questions related to older adult content on the final exam. Considering the increasing number of older adults in the health care setting, nurse educators must dismantle negative stereotypes with creative teaching strategies.
The Relationship Between Dementia, Race, and Schizophrenia Labeling in Nursing Homes Following the CMS Partnership
Authors: Fashaw Shekinah , Shireman Theresa , McCreedy Ellen , Bynum Julie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Preliminary research demonstrated an increase in the reporting of schizophrenia diagnoses among nursing home (NH) residents subsequent to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) National Partnership to Improve Dementia Care. Given known health disparities and higher antipsychotic use for Black NH residents, we examined how race and dementia influence the rate of schizophrenia diagnoses among NH residents. Using a quasi-experimental study design, we examined changes in schizophrenia reporting among long-stay NH residents’ quarterly and/or yearly Minimum Data Set 3.0 assessments between 2011-2015. Employing a difference-in-difference analysis adjusting for independent variables (e.g. demographics, diabetes, heart conditions, and functional status), we examined the relationship before and after the partnership. There were over 4 million MDS assessments annually. Schizophrenia reporting increased 12.3% in the dementia group as compared to 9.3% in the non-dementia group (p&lt;0.0001). Black residents had a significantly higher likelihood of schizophrenia reporting (4%, p&lt;0.0001). After controlling for covariates, there was a 16.5% increase in schizophrenia reporting for Blacks with dementia and 14.9% increase for non-Blacks with dementia (p&lt;0.0001). There were no racial disparities identified among the non-dementia group after controlling for covariates. NH residents were more likely to have schizophrenia documented on their MDS assessments, and following the partnership, schizophrenia reporting rates increased faster for Blacks with dementia than their non-Black peers and their peers without dementia. Further work is needed to determine if schizophrenia diagnoses are appropriately employed in NH practice, particularly for Black Americans and persons with dementia.
Culture Change Initiatives in High Medicaid Nursing Homes: Does Time of Adoption Make a Difference?
Authors: Chisholm Latarsha , Ghiasi Akbar , Lord Justin , Weech-Maldonado Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Racial/ethnic disparities have been well documented in long-term care literature. As the population ages and becomes more diverse over time, it is essential to identify mechanisms that may eliminate or mitigate racial/ethnic disparities. Culture change is a movement to transition nursing homes to more home-like environments. The literature on culture change initiatives and quality has been mixed, with little to no literature on the use of culture change initiatives in high Medicaid nursing homes and quality. The purpose of this study was to examine how the involvement of culture change initiatives among high Medicaid facilities was associated with nursing home quality. The study relied on both survey and secondary nursing home data for the years 2017-2018. The sample included high Medicaid (85% or higher) nursing homes. The outcome of interest was the overall nursing home star rating obtained from the Nursing Home Compare Five-Star Quality Rating System. The primary independent variable of interest was the years of involvement in culture change initiatives among nursing homes, which was obtained from the nursing home administrator survey. The final model consisted of an ordinal logistic regression with state-level fixed effects. High-Medicaid nursing homes with six or more years in culture change initiatives had higher odds of having a higher star rating, while facilities with one year or less had significantly lower odds of having a higher star rating. Culture change initiatives may require some time to effectively implement, but these initiatives are potential mechanisms to improve quality in high Medicaid nursing homes.