bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Velocity Pulsatility and Arterial Distensibility Along the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: van Tuijl Rick J. , Ruigrok Ynte M. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , van der Schaaf Irene C. , Rinkel Gabriël J. E. , Zwanenburg Jaco J. M. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Attenuation of velocity pulsatility along the internal carotid artery (ICA) is deemed necessary to protect the microvasculature of the brain. The role of the carotid siphon within the whole ICA trajectory in pulsatility attenuation is still poorly understood. This study aims to assess arterial variances in velocity pulsatility and distensibility over the whole ICA trajectory, including effects of age and sex.

Methods and Results

We assessed arterial velocity pulsatility and distensibility using flow‐sensitized 2‐dimensional phase‐contrast 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in 118 healthy participants. Velocity pulsatility index (vPI=(V
max
−V
min
)/V
mean
) and arterial distensibility defined as area pulsatility index (A
max
−A
min
)/A
mean
) were calculated at C1, C3, and C7 segments of the ICA. vPI increased between C1 and C3 (0.85±0.13 versus 0.93±0.13,
P
<0.001 for averaged right+left ICA) and decreased between C3 and C7 (0.93±0.13 versus 0.84±0.13,
P
<0.001) with overall no effect (C1–C7). Conversely, the area pulsatility index decreased between C1 and C3 (0.18±0.06 versus 0.14±0.04,
P
<0.001) and increased between C3 and C7 (0.14±0.04 versus 0.31±0.09,
P
<0.001). vPI in men is higher than in women and increases with age (
P
<0.015). vPI over the carotid siphon declined with age but remained stable over the whole ICA trajectory.

Conclusions
Along the whole ICA trajectory, vPI increased from extracranial C1 up to the carotid siphon C3 with overall no effect on vPI between extracranial C1 and intracranial C7 segments. This suggests that the bony carotid canal locally limits the arterial distensibility of the ICA, increasing the vPI at C3 which is consequently decreased again over the carotid siphon. In addition, vPI in men is higher and increases with age.
Sickle Cell Trait and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults
Authors: Zhang Rebecca V. , Ryan Kathleen A. , Lopez Haley , Wozniak Marcella A. , Phipps Michael S. , Cronin Carolyn A. , Cole John W. , Dutta Tara M. , Mehndiratta Prachi , Motta Melissa , Merino José G. , Kittner Steven J. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Approximately 8% of Blacks have sickle cell trait (SCT), and there are conflicting reports from recent cohort studies on the association of SCT with ischemic stroke (IS). Most prior studies focused on older populations, with few data available in young adults.

Methods:

A population-based case-control study of early-onset IS was conducted in the Baltimore-Washington region between 1992 and 2007. From this study, 342 Black IS cases, ages 15 to 49, and 333 controls without IS were used to examine the association between SCT and IS. Each participant’s SCT status was established by genotyping and imputation. For analysis, χ
2
tests and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for potential confounding variables.

Results:
Participants with SCT (n=55) did not differ from those without SCT (n=620) in prevalence of hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and current smoking status. Stroke cases had increased prevalence in these risk factors compared with controls. We did not find an association between SCT and early-onset IS in our overall population (odds ratio=0.9 [95% CI, 0.5–1.7]) or stratified by sex in males (odds ratio=1.26 [95% CI, 0.56–2.80]) and females (odds ratio=0.67 [95% CI, 0.28–1.69]).

Conclusions:
Our data did not find evidence of increased risk of early-onset stroke with SCT.
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Office versus Operating Room: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Sophia , Connors Joseph , Zhang Yan , Wang Binhuan , Vieira Dorice , Shapira-Galitz Yael , Garber David , Amin Milan R. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can be treated in the office or operating room (OR). The choice of treatment is based on several factors, including patient and surgeon preference. However, there is little data to guide the decision-making. This study examines the available literature comparing operative treatment in-office versus OR. Methods: A systematic review was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Of 2,864 articles identified, 78 were reviewed full-length and 18 were included. Outcomes of interest were recurrence and complication rates, number of procedures, time interval between procedures, and cost. Results: Only one study compared outcomes of operative in-office to OR treatments. The weighted average complication rate for OR procedures was 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00-0.32), n = 8, and for office procedures, 0.17 (95% CI 0.08-0.33), n = 6. The weighted average time interval between OR procedures was 10.59 months (5.83, 15.35) and for office procedures 5.40 months (3.26-7.54), n = 1. The weighted average cost of OR procedures was $10,105.22 ($5,622.51-14,587.83), n = 2 versus $2,081.00 ($1,987.64-$2,174.36), n = 1 for office procedures. Conclusion: Only one study compares office to OR treatment. The overall data indicate no differences aside from cost and imply that office procedures may be more cost-effective than OR procedures. However, the heterogeneous data limits any strong comparison of outcomes between office and OR-based treatment of laryngeal papillomas. More studies to compare the two treatment settings are warranted.
The Effects of Increased Visual Information on Cognitive Workload in a Helicopter Simulator
Authors: Innes Reilly J. , Howard Zachary L. , Thorpe Alexander , Eidels Ami , Brown Scott D. 
Published: August 2020

Objective To test the effects of enhanced display information (“symbology”) on cognitive workload in a simulated helicopter environment, using the detection response task (DRT). Background Workload in highly demanding environments can be influenced by the amount of information given to the operator and consequently it is important to limit potential overload. Methods Participants (highly trained military pilots) completed simulated helicopter flights, which varied in visual conditions and the amount of information given. During these flights, participants also completed a DRT as a measure of cognitive workload. Results With more visual information available, pilots’ landing accuracy was improved across environmental conditions. The DRT is sensitive to changes in cognitive workload, with workload differences shown between environmental conditions. Increasing symbology appeared to have a minor effect on workload, with an interaction effect of symbology and environmental condition showing that symbology appeared to moderate workload. Conclusion The DRT is a useful workload measure in simulated helicopter settings. The level of symbology-moderated pilot workload. The increased level of symbology appeared to assist pilots’ flight behavior and landing ability. Results indicate that increased symbology has benefits in more difficult scenarios. Applications The DRT is an easily implemented and effective measure of cognitive workload in a variety of settings. In the current experiment, the DRT captures the increased workload induced by varying the environmental conditions, and provides evidence for the use of increased symbology to assist pilots.
Is routine colonoscopy necessary for patients who have an unequivocal computerised tomography diagnosis of acute diverticulitis?
Authors: El Zanati Hisham , Chen Adriel , Attiya Abdulaziz , Leung Edward 
Published: August 2020

Aims To assess the incidence of underlying colorectal malignancy in patients admitted as an emergency with a CT diagnosis of acute diverticulitis and determine the need for routine follow up colonoscopy Methods A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had been admitted to our surgical unit with CT diagnosed diverticulitis from September 2016 to September 2018 (n = 125). Results 11 patients (8.8%) required emergency resection with no underlying malignancy found. 76 patients (61%) had a follow up colonoscopy after being discharged. 4 patients were found to have an underlying colorectal malignancy, one of them suspected on CT and another an incidentally detected caecal polyp cancer. Therefore 3/87(3.4%) had an unexpected cancer diagnosis and all those in the diseased segment were within complicated diverticulitis. Conclusion Nowadays, multi-slice CT scanners are so good at giving an accurate assessment of colonic pathology. In our study, 96.6% of the patients with a CT diagnosis of acute diverticulitis had no underlying malignancy in the diseased segment with all the cancers within complicated diverticulitis. With such a low yield of underlying malignancy in uncomplicated diverticulitis, we question the need for routine follow up colonoscopy when there is no CT suspicion of malignancy in these patients
Conventional versus minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (COMICS)
Authors: Angelini Gianni D , Reeves Barnaby C , Evans Jonathan , Culliford Lucy A , Collett Laura , Rogers Chris A , Stokes Elizabeth , Anastasiadis Kyriakos , Antonitsis Polychronis , Carrel Thierry , Keller Dorothée , Liebold Andreas , Ashkanani Fatma , El-Essawi Aschraf , Breitenbach Ingo , Lloyd Clinton , Bennett Mark , Cale Alex , Mclean Lindsay , Gunaydin Serdar , Gunertem Eren , Oueida Farouk , Yassin Ibrahim , Serrick Cyril , Rao Vivek , Moscarelli Marco , Condello Ignazio , Punjabi Prakash , Rajakaruna Cha , Bone Daniel , Lansdown William , Moorjani Narain , Dennis Sarah 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Despite low mortality, cardiac surgery patients may experience serious life-threatening post-operative complications, often due to extracorporeal circulation and reperfusion. Miniaturised cardiopulmonary bypass (minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation) has been developed aiming to reduce the risk of post-operative complications arising with conventional extracorporeal circulation. Methods: The COMICS trial is a multi-centre, international, two-group parallel randomised controlled trial testing whether type II, III or IV minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation is effective and cost-effective compared to conventional extracorporeal circulation in patients undergoing elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement or coronary artery bypass grafting + aortic valve replacement. Randomisation (1:1 ratio) is concealed and stratified by centre and surgical procedure. The primary outcome is a composite of 12 serious complications, objectively defined or adjudicated, 30 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes (at 30 days) include other serious adverse events (primary safety outcome), use of blood products, length of intensive care and hospital stay and generic health status (also at 90 days). Status of the trial: Two centres started recruiting on 08 May 2018; 10 are currently recruiting and 603 patients have been randomised (11 May 2020). The recruitment rate from 01 April 2019 to 31 March 2020 was 40-50 patients/month. About 80% have had coronary artery bypass grafting only. Adherence to allocation is good. Conclusions: The trial is feasible but criteria for progressing to a full trial were not met on time. The Trial Steering and Data Monitoring Committees have recommended that the trial should currently continue.
Earnings management and earnings predictability: A quantile regression approach
Authors: Li Leon , Hwang Nen-Chen Richard , Nartea Gilbert V 
Published: August 2020

This study argues that the managerial choice of earnings management strategy could be contingent upon a firm’s information asymmetry and such a strategy may affect the firm’s earnings predictability. Measuring information asymmetry by earnings predictability based on the subsequent industry-adjusted dispersion in analysts’ forecasts and employing a quantile regression to analyze 28,383 US firm-year observations from 1988 to 2014, this study reports that the effect of earnings management strategies on earnings predictability is nonuniform. Specifically, the amount of absolute discretionary accruals is negatively (positively) related to the subsequent industry-adjusted dispersion in the low (high) quantiles of analysts’ forecasts. These results support the hypothesis that a firm could implement earnings management strategies according to the degree of information asymmetry between the firm’s management and corporate outsiders. JEL Classification: G12, G32
Patterns and predictors of opioid use among migraine patients at emergency departments: A retrospective database analysis
Authors: Shao Qiujun , Rascati Karen L , Lawson Kenneth A , Wilson James P 
Published: August 2020

Objectives To compare medication use and health resource utilization between migraineurs with evidence of opioid use at emergency department visit versus no opioid use at emergency department visit, and to examine predictors of opioid use among migraineurs at emergency department visits. Methods This was a retrospective study using REACHnet electronic health records (December 2013 to April 2017) from Baylor Scott & White Health Plan. The index date was defined as the first migraine-related emergency department visit after ≥6 months of enrollment. Adult patients with a migraine diagnosis and ≥6 months of continuous enrollment before and after their index dates were included. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used to compare medication use and health resource utilization between opioid users and non-opioid users. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine predictors of opioid use at emergency department visits. Results A total of 788 migraineurs met eligibility criteria. Over one-third (n = 283, 35.9%) received ≥1 opioid medication during their index date emergency department visit. Morphine (n = 103, 13.1%) and hydromorphone (n = 85, 10.8%) were the most frequently used opioids. Opioid users had more hospitalizations and emergency department visits during their pre-index period (both p < 0.05). Significant ( p < 0.05) predictors of opioid use at emergency department visits included past migraine-related opioid use (2–4 prescriptions, Odds Ratio = 1.66; 5–9 prescriptions, Odds Ratio = 2.12; ≥10 prescriptions, Odds Ratio = 4.43), past non-migraine-related opioid use (≥10 prescriptions, Odds Ratio = 1.93), past emergency department visits (1–3 visits, Odds Ratio = 1.84), age (45–64 years, Odds Ratio = 1.45), and sleep disorder (Odds Ratio = 1.43), controlling for covariates. Conclusion Opioids were commonly given to migraineurs at emergency departments. Previous opioid use, health resource utilization, age, and specific comorbidities might be used to identify migraineurs with a high risk of opioid use.
Pathogenic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from arthroplasty infections
Authors: Chen Peng , Sun Fengjun , Feng Wei , Hong Hai , Li Bo , Song Jie 
Published: August 2020

Background: Staphylococcus aureus has a great ability to form biofilms on implant-related biomaterials. This study aimed to investigate the resistance, biofilm and molecular characteristics of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with postoperative infections after arthroplasty in two Chinese tertiary care hospitals during 2017 to 2018. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. Bacterial biofilm formation was determined by crystal violet staining. The genes related to biofilm formation and molecular typing were analyzed by PCR amplification. Results: A total of 33 isolates were collected, 21 of which were from Henan. The strains were completely sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and nitrofurantoin. All the isolates had adhesion ability and could produce biofilms. Of the isolates, 75.0% from Chongqing and 85.7% from Henan had stronger biofilm formation abilities. The strains from Henan had slightly higher resistance, adhesion and biofilm-forming abilities than those from Chongqing. The strains in both hospitals carried at least two genes related to biofilm formation, and the ica and fnb genes were the most frequently detected genes. Three SCC mec types and seven sequence types (STs) were found in Henan, and two SCC mec types and six STs were found in Chongqing. ST239-SCC mec III was the main epidemic clone in the two hospitals. Conclusion: The resistance phenotype and molecular characteristics of S. aureus strains varied in different hospitals. The results reflect the potential risks of S. aureus infection in postoperative arthroplasty patients. Our study provides a powerful basis for the clinical treatment, infection control and monitoring of outbreaks of epidemic strains.
Impact of an RN-led Medicare Annual Wellness Visit on Preventive Services in a Family Medicine Practice
Authors: Farford Bryan A. , Baggett Christy L. , Paredes Molina Carolina S. , Ball Colleen T. , Dover Carla M. 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a registered nurse (RN)-led Medicare annual wellness visit (AWV) on preventive services in a family medicine clinic. Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent an RN-led AWV and patients who underwent a standard assessment (SA) between October 2017 and October 2018. A total of 630 patients (330 AWV and 300 SA) were included in this study. Results: There were seven preventive services examined for in women and five preventive services examined for in men. Each service was used more often by patients in the AWV group than the SA group (all odds ratios ≥1.64; all P values ≤.004). Conclusion: The RN-led AWV is an effective way to assist Medicare beneficiaries in meeting their preventive needs while allowing physicians more time to focus on chronic and acute needs.
Undoing age, redefining gender, and negotiating time: Embodied experiences of midlife women in endurance sports
Authors: Ben Dori Suzy , Kemp Adriana 
Published: August 2020

Despite the increasing participation of midlife women in sports, and biomedical and consumerist discourses encouraging physical activity, research on intersections of age, gender, and the body in sports is lacking or fragmentary. Based on in-depth interviews with Israeli women aged 40–60 years participating in marathons, ultramarathons, and triathlons, we explore how they experience their participation and how these experiences correspond with normative socio-temporal assumptions about midlife transitions, gender, and the body. Findings reveal that endurance sports enable midlife women to challenge dominant discourses on the “decaying” and “menopausal” body by undoing age and formulating gender narratives that include new identities and negotiations of temporal orders. The interplay between undoing age and redefining gender operates through two mechanisms: “embodied experiences” that introduce the body as a material reality and a source of critical knowledge, and the liminality of mid-age as a life-course transition characterized by the absence of institutional and symbolic anchors. We make a twofold contribution to the critical literature on gender and life course. First, we develop the concept of embodied experiences as a vantage point for understanding the intersections of age and gender. Second, we highlight the potential of participation in endurance sports for negotiating temporal orders and formulate new narratives of femininity and aging.
Comparison of Three-Dimensional and Conventional Orthodontic Imaging Modalities for Localization of Impacted Maxillary Canines in Patients With Alveolar Cleft
Authors: Padisar Parviz , Tofangchiha Maryam , Salari Behzad , Oveisi Sonia 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify which diagnostic parameters related to impacted maxillary canines can be reliably detected by the conventional orthodontic radiographic modalities and which factors need to be assessed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Design: In this cross-sectional study, 8 orthodontists evaluated 7 parameters related to the position and anatomy of the impacted canines by means of 2-dimensional (2D) records. After 1 month, the same process was repeated by means of CBCT by the same clinicians. Setting: Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Patients and Participants: Thirty-two patients with alveolar cleft and impacted maxillary canines who had CBCT scans, lateral cephalograms, and orthopantomographs as pretreatment records. Main Outcome Measure: The diagnostic accuracy of 2D and 3-dimensional (3D) radiographic modalities was compared with each other and also with the gold standard by 3 radiologists. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of 2D and 3D imaging modalities was not significantly different regarding the mesiodistal inclination of the impacted tooth ( P = .09), apex anatomy ( P = .10), and mesiodistal position of the apex ( P = .19). Cone-beam computed tomography had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than conventional radiographic modalities regarding overlapping the adjacent tooth ( P = .001), labio–palatal and apico–coronal position of the crown tip, and root resorption of the adjacent tooth ( P = .01). Conclusion: The conventional orthodontic radiographic modalities were as accurate as CBCT for determination of impacted canine inclination, apex anatomy, and mesiodistal position of the apex. Cone-beam computed tomography showed higher diagnostic accuracy for other parameters.
The Validation of an Innovative Method for 3D Capture and Analysis of the Nasolabial Region in Cleft Cases
Authors: Ayoub Ashraf , Khan Adil , Aldhanhani Ali , Alnaser Hashim , Naudi Kurt , Ju Xiangyang , Gillgrass Toby , Mossey Peter 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To validate a newly developed method for capturing 3-dimensional (3D) images of the nasolabial region for assessing upper lip scarring and asymmetry in surgically managed unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) cases. Design: Validation study, single cohort. Materials and Methods: Eighteen surgically managed UCLP cases were recruited, the nasolabial region of each face was scanned using an intraoral scanner (IOS) to produce 3D images. The images were manually segmented to allow the calculation of surface area of the scar and upper lip asymmetry. Five professionals and 5 lay assessors subjectively evaluated the same images and graded the upper lip scarring and asymmetry at 2 separate occasions. The relationship between the subjective and objective assessments was evaluated. Results: Moderate correlation was found between subjective and objective evaluations of the upper lip scarring and total asymmetry. The captured 3D images were of good quality for the objective measurements of lip asymmetry and residual scarring. Moderate to strong correlations were detected between the 2 panels (T ranging between 0.5 and 0.9) with no significant difference ( P > .05) in the mean score of the subjectively evaluated parameters. Conclusion: The IOS is a useful tool for the capture of the nasolabial morphology. The captured 3D images are a reliable source for measuring lip asymmetry and scar surface area. The method has sufficient validity for routine clinical use and for objective outcome measures of the surgical repair of cleft lip.