bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Effects of Age, Gender, and School Setting on Children’s Creative Thinking Skills
Authors: Shah Bhagyashree , Gustafsson Erik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate whether age, gender, and testing environment may have an effect on children’s creativity in a real‐life setting. Participants included 111 children aged from seven to eleven years. They were given one verbal (Guilford’s Alternative Uses Task) and one figural (Test for Creative Thinking–Drawing Production) creative thinking task either in their everyday classroom or in their school “art room.” On average, in the verbal task, girls tended to outperform boys in fluency and flexibility. Contrary to the 4th‐grade slump found in previous studies, divergent thinking, on average, increased with age for verbal originality and verbal elaboration. These results suggest the potential importance of experience on verbal creativity tasks. In the verbal task, for the originality score, and in the drawing task, participants in the art room displayed, on average, greater levels of creative thinking than those in the classroom. These findings suggest that the physical environment can affect differently children’s creative potential.
Tertiary Lymphoid Organs: A Primer for Otolaryngologists
Authors: Paramasivan Sathish , Psaltis Alkis J. , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisLymphoid neogenesis or the development of organised, de novo lymphoid structures has been described increasingly in chronically inflamed tissues. The presence of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) has already been demonstrated to result in significant consequences for disease pathology, severity, prognosis and patient outcomes. Whilst the wider medical community has embraced TLOs as important markers of disease and potential therapeutic targets, the otolaryngology field has only begun turning to these entities in an academic capacity. This review aims to outline the role of tertiary lymphoid organs in disease and summarise key early findings in the ENT field. We also an overview of TLOs, their developmental process and clinicopathological implications.Study designLiterature review.MethodsA literature search for all relevant peer‐reviewed publications pertaining to TLOs and ENT diseases. Search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases.ResultsA total of 24 studies were identified relevant to the topic. The majority of TLO research in ENT fell into the areas of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).ConclusionsEarly research into both oral SCC and CRS suggests that TLOs have significant roles within ear, nose and throat (ENT) diseases. At this point in time, however, TLOs remain somewhat a mystery amongst otolaryngologists. As information in this field increases, we may develop a better understanding of how lymphoid neogenesis can influence disease outcomes amongst our patients and, ultimately, how they can be utilised in an immunotherapeutic manner. Laryngoscope, 131:1697–1703, 2021
Arctic seals as tracers of environmental and ecological change
Authors: de la Vega Camille , Mahaffey Claire , Tuerena Robyn E. , Yurkowski David J. , Ferguson Steven H. , Stenson Garry B. , Nordøy Erling S. , Haug Tore , Biuw Martin , Smout Sophie , Hopkins Jo , Tagliabue Alessandro , Jeffreys Rachel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKnowledge of species trophic position (TP) is an essential component of ecosystem management. Determining TP from stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) in predators requires understanding how these tracers vary across environments and how they relate to predator isotope composition. We used two seal species as a model for determining TP across large spatial scales in the Arctic. δ15N in seawater nitrate (δ15NNO3) and seal muscle amino acids (δ15NAA) were determined to independently characterize the base of the food web and the TP of harp and ringed seals, demonstrating a direct link between δ15NNO3 and δ15NAA. Our results show that the spatial variation in δ15NAA in seals reflects the δ15NNO3 end members in Pacific vs. Atlantic waters. This study provides a reference for best practice on accurate comparison of TP in predators and as such, provides a framework to assess the impact of environmental and human‐induced changes on ecosystems at pan‐Arctic scales.
Photodetection and Safety of 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid‐Induced Porphyrin in Patients With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Xu Junyu , Zhao Jian , Dong Ying , Zhao Xia , Chen Rui , Shi Yun , Tao Jining , Cao Feng , Cui Yimin , Bai Wenpei 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives5‐Aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) is a porphyrin‐based photosensitizer and has been used for photodynamic therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). In this study, photodetection and safety of 5‐ALA‐induced porphyrin in CIN tissues were assessed.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 42 patients for whom colposcopy or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) was planned were administered 10%, 20%, or 30% 5‐ALA locally on the surface of the cervix for 1.5–18 hours. At different times after application, the fluorescence intensity of 5‐ALA‐induced porphyrin on CIN and non‐CIN lesions of the cervix was detected.ResultsFluorescence intensity was correlated with drug concentration and application time. With 20% 5‐ALA, the porphyrin fluorescence intensity increased over time, reaching a peak after 6 hours of application intervals in CIN. There was no significant difference in fluorescence intensity between CIN lesions and chronic cervicitis (benign tissue) or among CIN lesions of different severities. Three adverse events were considered related to the drug; however, these had no significant correlation with the drug concentration or application time.Conclusions5‐ALA at 10%–30% concentration is safe in patients with CIN. For further treatment, we recommend the application of 20% 5‐ALA, 6 hours before photodynamic therapy in CIN.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study was registered at http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn (registration number: CTR20130326) in accordance with the requirements of the National Medical Products Administration in China. Considering that there is no English version of the above website, we made a retrospective registration on http://www.chictr.org.cn (registration number ChiCTR1800016755) in 2018. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
The Efficacy and Safety of a Variable Square Pulse (VSP) Erbium:YAG Laser for Treatment of Enlarged Pores in Asians
Authors: Phothong Weeranut , Manuskiatti Woraphong , Cembrano Kathryn Anne G. , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima , Bowornsathitchai Nutthamon 
Published: November 2020

Background and ObjectivesEnlarged pores are one of the most common causes of skin surface irregularities. Existing studies supporting the benefit of lasers and energy‐based devices (EBD) for this condition are limited, with a short duration of follow‐up period. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of Er:YAG laser for treatment of enlarged pores in dark‐skinned patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNineteen subjects (aged 26–47 years) with skin phototypes III (21.1%) and IV (78.9%) and enlarged pores were treated with 4 monthly sessions of Erbium:YAG laser. Objective (ultraviolet light A video camera) and subjective (clinical evaluation by two blinded dermatologists) assessments were obtained at baseline, 1‐month after each treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the final treatment.ResultsThe weighted mean score of quartile grading scales showed significant improvement in pore size from baseline starting at 1‐month after the third treatment and continued until 3 months after the fourth (final) treatment (P < 0.001). However, the improvement dropped significantly at 6 months after the final treatment. Objective measurements of the improvements in skin surface smoothness and wrinkles corresponded with the physician raters’ clinical evaluation.ConclusionsErbium:YAG laser is a safe and effective treatment for enlarged pores in dark‐skinned individuals. Maintenance treatments are recommended to achieve a longer‐lasting outcome. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Cryo‐3D Printing of Hierarchically Porous Polyhydroxymethylene Scaffolds for Hard Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Stolz Benjamin , Mader Markus , Volk Lukas , Steinberg Thorsten , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh molecular weight polyhydroxymethylene (PHM) has a repeat unit identical to that of low molecular weight sugar alcohols and exhibits carbohydrate‐like properties. Herein, cryogenic extrusion‐based 3D printing is combined with a phase separation in water to fabricate hierarchically porous PHM scaffolds containing interconnected macro‐, micro‐, and nanopores. As PHM is infusible and insoluble in common solvents, its precursor polyvinylene carbonate (PVCA) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is used to 3D print hierarchically porous PVCA scaffolds that are converted into PHM by hydrolysis without impairing the pore architectures. Similar to low‐temperature deposition manufacturing, the PVCA/DMSO freezes on a build platform at −78 °C. However, instead of removing the frozen solvent by sublimation, the frozen scaffold is immersed in water to recover DMSO and to effect phase separation by precipitation. However, the computer‐guided printhead pathway controls macropore formation phase separation of frozen PVCA/DMSO upon contact with water accounts for simultaneous micro‐ and nanopore formation. Contrary to 3D printing of PVCA/DMSO at ambient temperature, this cryo‐3D printing process does not require shear thinning additives and affords significantly improved build precision with macropore sizes variable between 200 and 1500 µm. Cryo‐3D‐printed PHM scaffolds are biocompatible and promote osteoblast proliferation.
A W‐band injection‐locked frequency divider with modified transformer coupling resonant
Authors: Tang Lu , Cai Jingyi , Zhang Youming , Tang Xusheng , Liu Yingyi , Shi Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA W‐band injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) with modified transformer coupling resonant is demonstrated and implemented in a 40‐nm CMOS technology. The locking range and operation frequency of the ILFD is improved without increasing chip area or circuit complexity. The measured locking range of the ILFD covers from 86 to 104 GHz. The measured phase noise of the modified W‐band ILFD is −114.89 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz. The ILFD also attains a figure of merit normalized (FoM) of 243.1.
Barycentric rational interpolation and local radial basis functions based numerical algorithms for multidimensional sine‐Gordon equation
Authors: Jiwari Ram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, barycentric rational interpolation and local radial basis functions (RBFs) based numerical algorithms are developed for solving multidimensional sine‐Gordon (SG) equation. In the development of these algorithms, the first step is to drive a semi‐discretization in time with a finite difference, and then the semi‐discrete problem is analyzed for truncation errors and convergence in L2 and H1 spaces. After that, the semi‐discrete system is fully discretized by two different functions, such as barycentric rational and local RBFs. Finally, we obtain a linear system in both the algorithms and the system is solved by a MATLAB routine. In numerical experiments, 1D and 2D SG are considered with various examples of line and ring solitons. Moreover, a comparative study of present results with available numerical ones and exact solutions is also discussed.
Utilization of glass fiber reinforced polymer wastes
Authors: Yıldız Sibel , Karaağaç Bağdagül , Güzeliş Selen Gül 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince they arises in many stages of manufacturing as well as at the end of their lifetime, glass fiber reinforced polymers‐based wastes are one of the biggest problem for the composite industry. There are many waste disposal methods available, but these are low value‐added and usually imply additional cost to the manufacturers. In this study, composite wastes have been ground into three different grain sizes and used as filler in the production of new glass fiber reinforced composites. Composites were examined regarding their rheological, thermal, mechanical, dynamic‐mechanical, and morphological properties. High thixotropy a resin could be obtained by waste incorporation ensuring easier gel‐coat application in hand lay‐up molding technique. A remarkable reduction in linear shrinkage of the resulting composite was also considered as a benefit. Although there was tolerable loss in their mechanical properties, higher grain size of waste particles shifted glass transition temperature up to 50°C higher due to restricted chain mobility. Fibers from both the waste matrix and fresh glass fiber content exhibited quite similar interphase with the unsaturated polyester. In summary, using composite waste in their own composition has been found to be a good solution to recover the wastes in both economic and environmental concern.
Effect of yarn singeing and commingling on the mechanical properties of jute/polypropylene composites
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Ayub , Imad Abdellatif , Nawab Yasir , Hussain Muzzamal , Saouab Abdelghani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLightweight and inexpensive natural fiber‐reinforced composites are gaining market share due to their environment‐friendly and sustainable nature. Among these, thermoplastic composites are preferred due to their recycling ability. However, their fabrication is a difficult task due to the higher viscosity of thermoplastic matrices. In the present study, we present the comparison of mechanical properties of jute/polypropylene composite samples fabricated using the conventional thermoforming technique with those fabricated using the commingled yarn technique. The effect of singeing of jute yarn on its mechanical properties as well on the weaving efficiency of jute fabric as reinforcement for composites was also studied for the first time. Mechanical properties, that is, tensile, flexural, and instrumented Charpy impact properties, were tested using standard testing methods. It was found that singeing improves mechanical properties of jute yarn as well as its performance during weaving. Furthermore, the yarn commingling not only simplifies/shorten the composite fabrication process but also improves the mechanical properties of the developed composites significantly in comparison to conventional thermoforming technique.
Thermal behavior of polyethylene terephthalate/organoclay nanocomposites: investigating copolymers as matrices
Authors: Lima Juliana C. , Costa Anna Raffaela M. , Sousa Jokderléa C. , Arruda Salim A. , Almeida Yêda M. B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET)/clay nanocomposites have been widely studied. However, different PET copolymers are also produced in large scale but not commonly investigated as matrices for nanocomposites. In this work, PET‐based nanocomposites, with PET homopolymer and two PET copolymers as matrices, were prepared by melt blending with a commercial organoclay. The focus of this study was to investigate the thermal behavior of these materials by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis and to provide a satisfactory crystallization kinetic modeling. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the nanocomposites exhibited clay intercalation. The glass transition temperature and the thermal stability of the materials decreased with an increase in clay content. The presence of clay did not affect the degree of crystallinity developed by the materials, although it caused the anticipation and acceleration of the crystallization events. A discussion is made about the application of a modified Avrami model for non‐isothermal crystallization and its validity. The modified Avrami model has proven to be a good choice for the non‐isothermal crystallization kinetic modeling of these nanocomposites under various heating/cooling rates, being useful for simulations under processing conditions.
Experimental and numerical investigation on flexural behavior of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene polymer
Authors: Dundar Mehmet Akif , Dhaliwal Gurpinder Singh , Ayorinde Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) is an extensively utilized rubber‐toughened amorphous thermoplastic in industry. Compared to other amorphous thermoplastics, the most promising mechanical quantity of ABS is its high impact resistance. Thus, understanding the mechanical response of ABS to multiaxial loads is of the great industrial concern. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the flexural response of ABS by conducting three‐point bending tests at two distinct deformation rates of 5 and 10 mm/s to figure out the deformation rate effect on the flexural response of ABS. It was observed that the ABS act stiffer with an increased deformation rate. Numerical implementation of three‐point bending tests for each deformation rate was performed using the semi‐analytical material model (SAMP‐1) available in Ls‐Dyna finite element code. The simulations for each deformation rate were run depending on SAMP‐1 and Von‐Misses yield surface formulations to figure out the effect of nonidentical material behavior of ABS in tension, compression, and shear on flexural response. The percentage error in the predicted peak force values considering the compression and shear test data (SAMP‐1) and without it (Von Misses) was 3% and 7% for deformation rate of 5 mm/s and 5% and 12% for deformation rate of 10 mm/s. Hence, predicting the flexural behavior of ABS accurately, dissimilar material behavior needs to be taken into consideration. Moreover, associated and nonassociated flow rule effects on the flexural response of ABS were numerically investigated and there was no significant influence observed on the flexural response of ABS.
Depression in cancer: quality assessment of online patient education resources
Authors: Li Zhang Hao (Jim) , Wang Mingyang , Ingledew Paris‐Ann 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivePsychiatric comorbidities are common among cancer patients. However, little is known about the quality of online information regarding these conditions. This study uses a validated tool to systematically determine the strengths and limitations of websites addressing depression in cancer patients.MethodsThe term “depression in cancer patients” was searched online using the search engines Google, Yippy, and Dogpile. A set of predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria was applied to all search results, which yielded 48 websites for inclusion. A validated rating tool was used to score the websites based on the six domains of Affiliation, Accountability, Interactivity, Structure & Organization, Readability, and Content Quality. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOf the 48 websites evaluated, 50% were commercial. 63% of websites identified authorship, 54% cited reliable sources, 37% provided links, and 38% were updated within the last 2 years. 94% of websites featured a search engine and 60% had at least four structural tools. Average readability was at a grade 12.3 level using the Flesch–Kincaid scale and 11.3 using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index. The most completely and accurately covered topics of depression were symptoms and treatment—83% and 73% respectively. Its prevention and prognosis were not covered by any of the websites.ConclusionsA validated rating tool was applied to evaluate the quality of online information for depression in cancer patients. Website accountability was poor, readability was often at a level that is too difficult for the lay audience, and the topics of prevention and prognosis were seldom covered.
Aqueous Solution Blow Spinning of Seawater‐Stable Polyamidoxime Nanofibers from Water‐Soluble Precursor for Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Xu Xin , Yue Yaru , Cai Dong , Song Jianan , Han Caina , Liu Zhongjie , Wang Dong , Xiao Juanxiu , Wu Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyamidoxime (PAO)‐based fibers are recognized as one of the most promising adsorbents for industrial‐scale extraction of uranium from seawater. The spinning of PAO is usually processed in environmentally unfriendly organic solvents, which cause serious environmental and cost concerns in industrial‐scale manufacturing. In this work, an aqueous solution blow spinning (ASBS) strategy is developed for large‐scale fabrication of seawater‐stable polyamidoxime/alginate nanofibers (PAO/Alg NFs) from water‐soluble PAO precursor solution. The as‐spun PAO/Alg NFs are ready to be used for uranium adsorption after simple immersion in calcium chloride solution for crosslinking. The 3D porous architecture, flexibility, and strength of nanofibers are well maintained as the inevitable shrinkage and degeneration accompanied by traditional “alkaline‐heat activation” post treatment are completely avoided. A high adsorption capacity of 892.77 and 8.42 mg‐U g−1 NFs is achieved in uranium spiked seawater and 8 tons of nonspiked natural seawater, respectively. Taking advantage of the simplicity, low cost, and industrially scalable features, this novel ASBS approach shows great potential for industrial‐scale production of PAO‐based nanofiber adsorbent with high capacity and good mechanical strength for uranium recovery from natural seawater and industrial wastewater.
UPC2 gene deletion modifies sterol homeostasis and susceptibility to metabolic inhibitors in Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Toth Hervay Nora , Bencova Alexandra , Valachovic Martin , Morvova Marcela , Gbelska Yvetta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKluyveromyces lactis Upc2p is an ortholog of Upc2p/Ecm22p transcription factors involved in regulation of sterol import and sterol homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work, we investigated the role of Upc2p in K. lactis. The absence of KlUpc2p significantly reduced the tolerance of mutant cells to antifungal azoles and Li+ cations. Reduced expression of genes from the late ergosterol pathway results in a decreased ergosterol content and altered plasma membrane‐associated functions in Klupc2 mutant cells—the plasma membrane is hyperpolarized, and its fluidity is reduced. KlUpc2p contributes to transcriptional upregulation of KlENA1, KlPMA1 and KlYAP1 under azole stress. Our study demonstrates that KlUpc2p is involved in the regulation of ergosterol homeostasis in K. lactis. The analysis of KlPMA1 and KlPDR12 transcripts in wild‐type and Klupc2Δ mutant strains showed that KlUpc2p acts as an activator or as a repressor depending upon its target.
Hypersensitive SSY1 mutations negatively influence transition to quiescence in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Marek Agnieszka , Opalek Monika , Kałdon Aleksandra , Mickowska Barbara , Wloch‐Salamon Dominika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost cells spend the majority of their life in the non‐proliferating, quiescent state. Transition to this state is crucial for microorganisms to survive long starvation periods and restart divisions afterwards. Experimental evolution allowed us to identify several mutation in genes that are presumably important for such transition in yeast cells. Most of these candidate genes belong to the SPS amino acid sensing pathway or to the SIR complex. We assembled these mutations on the ancestral strain background. Analysis of the quiescent/non‐quiescent cell ratio of the starved yeast populations confirmed the crucial role of SSY1, the primary receptor component of the SPS sensor, in transition to the Q state. The evolved SSY1 mutations increased yeast sensitivity to amino acid presence in the environment. This resulted in decreased quiescent cell fraction and a 5.14% increase of the total amino acid content in the starved populations. We discuss external amino acid sensing via the SPS pathway as one of the mechanisms influencing transition to quiescence.