bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social citizenship and social psychology
Authors: Anderson Emma , Gibson Stephen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper outlines the concept of social citizenship, which was first theorized in the late 1940s alongside the creation of the UK welfare state and concerns citizens' rights to a basic income and standard of living. It suggests that social citizenship—particularly welfare provision—is a useful and important topic for social psychological research, albeit one that has been largely overlooked. We provide an overview of key developments in social citizenship and consider the impact of 30‐plus years of neoliberal governance in Western democracies, which has resulted in ongoing changes to how welfare rights and responsibilities are configured, such as policies that make social citizenship rights contingent on conduct. We outline social scientific work that examines these shifting ideas of citizenship, personhood, welfare, and conditionality and make the case for a critical discursive psychological approach, which we illustrate with a brief empirical example. We suggest that critical discursive social psychology is particularly well‐placed to examine how psychological assumptions are built into both policy and lay discourse and how these can legitimate interventions designed to work on the conduct of the unemployed, such as therapeutic and behavior change initiatives. Finally, we argue that psychology is faced with a choice; while there are opportunities for the discipline to contribute to the design and implementation of such initiatives, to do so requires accepting the basic values of the underpinning neoliberal agenda. Instead, it is vital to place these assumptions under the critical microscope and explore how they work to obscure structural disadvantage.
Objective measurement and comparison of human facial skin color in East Asian females
Authors: Wu Yue , Yi Fan , Akimoto Makio , Tanaka Toshiyuki , Meng Hong , Dong Yinmao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin color is an important physiological index of human skin that has essential significance in cosmetology and dermatological diagnoses and aesthetics, especially in East Asian culture, where the beauty standard is the whiter the skin, the more beautiful a person is. However, there has been a lack of objective comparisons of facial skin color in East Asian females.Materials and MethodsSkin color at the cheek site was measured in 445 healthy females, including 362 Chinese women in Beijing and 83 Japanese women in Tokyo, all aged 18‐50 years. The parameters consisted of L*, a*, b*, individual typology angle (ITA°), and hue angle and were determined using noninvasive skin measurement instruments.ResultsThe skin color categories in East Asians ranged from very light (I) to brown (V), and the dark (VI) category was not observed; the main categories were light (II), intermediate (III), and tan (IV). The facial skin color of Chinese individuals was brighter, more reddish, and less yellowish than that of Japanese individuals. With age, L* values decreased, and a* values and hue angle increased in East Asians with significant differences. Chinese women showed the same differences as Japanese women for all parameters in all age groups.ConclusionsThis study provides objective skin color measurements and examines significant differences with respect to geographic location and age.
Do ‘virtual postcards’ enhance blended learning?
Authors: Harris Dylan , Rawlinson Fiona 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundIn the traditional ‘postcard’ educational technique, learners write learning points on a postcard at the end of a face‐to‐face teaching session. The teacher subsequently posts them back to the learners in order to remind and reinforce learning. Cardiff University's Palliative Care Masters programme adapted the traditional postcard technique to suit a modern blended learning course, introducing the concept of ‘virtual postcards’.MethodsStudents were asked to complete a postcard for face‐to‐face teaching sessions on ‘symptom control’ and were free to use their postcard as they wished, e.g. to draw pictures, to list key bullet points, etc. A selection of postcards were subsequently scanned and uploaded into the corresponding online module. These were visible to all students so that they could learn from each other's virtual postcards.ResultsMost students felt that the virtual postcards were a useful learning material (12% did not). Around half of the students felt that having a selection of the virtual postcards was preferable to all of them being uploaded (52%; 28% expressed no preference). Students were divided as to whether this would have become too monotonous to repeat for all topics in face‐to‐face teaching (40% felt that these should just be used for some topics, 18% had no preference, and 42% felt that these would be useful for all topics).DiscussionIn general, the students found virtual postcards useful as part of blended learning, and liked learning from other people's virtual postcards as well as from their own. There needs to be a balance between how often the technique is employed, and how many postcards are uploaded, to avoid information overload and losing value.
An untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based workflow for the structural characterization of plant polyesters
Authors: Thiombiano Benjamin , Gontier Eric , Molinié Roland , Marcelo Paulo , Mesnard François , Dauwe Rebecca 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCell wall localized heterogeneous polyesters are widespread in land plants. The composition of these polyesters, such as cutin, suberin, or more plant‐specific forms such as the flax seed coat lignan macromolecule, can be determined after total hydrolysis of the ester linkages. The main bottleneck in the structural characterization of these macromolecules, however, resides in the determination of the higher order monomer sequences. Partial hydrolysates of the polyesters release a complex mixture of fragments of different lengths, each present in low abundance and therefore are challenging to structurally characterize. Here, a method is presented by which liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) profiles of such partial hydrolysates are searched for pairs of related fragments. LC‐MS peaks that show a mass difference corresponding to the addition of one or more macromolecule monomers were connected in a network. Starting from the lowest molecular weight peaks in the network, the annotation of the connections as the addition of one or more polyester monomers allows the prediction of consecutive and increasingly complex adjacent peaks. Multi‐stage MS (MSn) experiments further helped to reject, corroborate, and sometimes refine the structures predicted by the network. As a proof of concept, this procedure was applied to partial hydrolysates of the flax seed coat lignan macromolecule, and allowed to characterize 120 distinct oligo‐esters, consisting of up to six monomers, and containing monomers and linkages for which incorporation in the lignan macromolecule had not been described before. These results showed the capacity of the approach to advance the structural elucidation of complex plant polyesters.
Sterility and concentration of liposomal bupivacaine single‐use vial when used in a multiple‐dose manner
Authors: Carlson Alexandra R. , Nixon Emma , Jacob Megan E. , Messenger Kristen M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the sterility of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (Nocita®) used in a multiple‐dose fashion for 5 days.Study designTriplicate liposomal bupivacaine vials were stored under two conditions, (1) room temperature (24°C) and (2) refrigerated temperature (5°C). A 3‐mL aliquot was withdrawn from each vial daily. Samples were inoculated in tryptic soy broth in triplicate and then incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and subcultured every 48 hours onto blood agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar, respectively. Separate 1.5‐mL aliquots of liposomal bupivacaine were centrifuged at 3500 g to separate liposome‐encapsulated bupivacaine from the solution. Concentration of unencapsulated bupivacaine was analyzed via high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by using mixed effects procedure with multiple comparisons.Sample populationTen 20‐mL vials of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension stored under two conditions, (1) room temperature (24°C) and (2) refrigerated temperature (5°C).ResultsFive days of repeated withdrawal from the single‐use vials yielded no bacterial growth. One control vial, which was opened and punctured once on the last day of the experiment, yielded fungal growth of an Aspergillus spp, likely an environmental contaminant. The concentration of free bupivacaine did not significantly differ until the fifth day of sampling.ConclusionWhen aseptic technique was used, liposomal bupivacaine remained sterile for 5 days. Concentrations of free bupivacaine were unchanged from baseline for 4 days in both refrigerated and room temperature conditions.Clinical significanceSingle‐use liposomal bupivacaine vials can be used extralabel in a multiple‐dose fashion for up to 4 days when stored either refrigerated or room temperature when sterile technique is used.
Regenerative and protective effects of calcium silicate on senescent fibroblasts induced by high glucose
Authors: Li Bingmin , Bian Xiaowei , Hu Wenzhi , Wang Xiaoya , Li Qiankun , Wang Fangfang , Sun Mengli , Ma Kui , Zhang Cuiping , Chang Jiang , Fu Xiaobing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiabetic wounds are a common complication of diabetes and therefore a pressing issue for clinicians. High‐glucose (HG)‐induced fibroblast senescence is mainly responsible for delayed wound healing. Calcium silicate (CS), a kind of bioceramic, is thought to have regenerative properties. The aim of this study was to determine the regenerative and protective effects of CS on senescent fibroblasts induced by HG. Fibroblasts were passaged five times and treated with HG and CS. Compared with the normal glucose (NG) group, the proliferation, migration, and differentiation capacity of HG‐induced fibroblasts significantly decreased (P < .05). After treatment with CS, the functions of HG‐induced senescent fibroblasts were partly restored (P < .05). The mechanism of the regenerative and protective effects of CS may be related to the decreased reactive oxygen species generation, improved senescent state (SA‐β‐gal expression decreased), up‐regulated expression of Smad2 and phosphorylated Smad2, and down‐regulated expression of p16, p21, and p53. An in vivo experiment also demonstrated that CS had a therapeutic effect on diabetic wounds via differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and enhanced collagen deposition. These results indicate that CS may be a promising candidate for diabetic wound therapy.
A Numerical Study Toward Harvesting Power From Train Slipstream Using Savonius Rotor
Authors: Laws Praveen , Kumar Ajit , Mitra Santanu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel and strategic green energy production method that utilizes relative wind generated from moving vehicles is presented. A speeding train generates an enormous wake of wind around it, which stocks a substantial amount of kinetic energy. In this study, this freely accessible wind power is harvested by installing a modified savonius wind turbine within the slipstream region of the train. A computer-oriented fluid-solid integrate simulation of wind turbine propelled by train-induced wind is performed by executing all physically realistic boundary conditions. The numerical study is based on open-source CFD toolbox openfoam, and the results were validated against benchmark experimental study. Parametric sensitivity analysis such as optimal turbine performance within the slipstream regime, torque prediction from express trains, two opposite crossing trains, tunnel condition, and turbine wind turbine clusters arrangement has been reported. This study enhances the understanding of the power generation by the turbine from the train slipstream which is not reported in any open literature as far as the authors’ present knowledge goes.
Reconfigurable Logic Gates Based on Programable Multistable Mechanisms
Authors: Zanaty Mohamed , Schneegans Hubert , Vardi Ilan , Henein Simon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Binary logic gates are building blocks of computing machines, in particular, electronic computers. One variant is the programable logic gate, also known as the reconfigurable logic gate, in which the logical function implemented can be modified. In this paper, we construct a mechanism to implement a reconfigurable logic gate. This mechanism is based on the concept of programable multistable mechanisms which we introduced in previous work. The application of a programable multistable mechanism is superior to the different bistable mechanisms previously used to implement logic gates since a single mechanism can be used to implement several logic functions. Our reconfigurable logic gates use a novel geometric construction where the geometric data depend on the stability behavior of the mechanism. There are 16 binary logic gates and our construction can theoretically produce nine of these and our physical model produces six logical gates. Input and output of the mechanism are displacement and the mechanisms can be combined serially, i.e., output of a mechanism is an input for another. We show that we can implement nor and nand gates, so combinations of our mechanism can express any logical function. The mechanism is therefore theoretically universal, i.e., implement any computation. We give an analytic model of the mechanism based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory to find the geometric data, then validate it using finite element analysis and experimental demonstration.
A Methodology for Determining Static Mode Shapes of a Compliant Mechanism Using the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model Concept and the Degrees-Of-Freedom Analysis
Authors: Bagivalu Prasanna Pratheek , Bapat Sushrut G. , Midha Ashok , Lodagala Vamsi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTraditionally, the deflected configuration of compliant segments is determined through rigorous mathematical analysis using Newtonian mechanics. Application of this approach in evaluating the deformed configuration of compliant mechanisms, containing a variety of segment types, becomes cumbersome. This paper introduces a methodology to determine the possible deflected configuration(s) of a compliant mechanism, for a given set of load and/or displacement boundary conditions. The methodology utilizes the principle of minimum potential energy, in conjunction with the degrees-of-freedom analysis and the pseudo-rigid-body model concept. The static mode shape(s) of compliant segments are integrated in identifying the possible deflected configuration(s) of a given compliant mechanism. The methodology facilitates the in situ determination of the possible deformed configuration(s) of the compliant mechanism and its constituent segments. This, in turn, assists in the important task of identifying an appropriate pseudo-rigid-body model for the design and analysis of a compliant mechanism. The proposed methodology is illustrated with examples, and supported with experimental validation.
Wearable devices for remote vital signs monitoring in the outpatient setting: an overview of the field
Authors: Soon Stephanie , Svavarsdottir Hafdis , Downey Candice , Jayne David George 
Published: January 2020

Early detection of physiological deterioration has been shown to improve patient outcomes. Due to recent improvements in technology, comprehensive outpatient vital signs monitoring is now possible. This is the first review to collate information on all wearable devices on the market for outpatient physiological monitoring.A scoping review was undertaken. The monitors reviewed were limited to those that can function in the outpatient setting with minimal restrictions on the patient’s normal lifestyle, while measuring any or all of the vital signs: heart rate, ECG, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, blood pressure and temperature.A total of 270 papers were included in the review. Thirty wearable monitors were examined: 6 patches, 3 clothing-based monitors, 4 chest straps, 2 upper arm bands and 15 wristbands. The monitoring of vital signs in the outpatient setting is a developing field with differing levels of evidence for each monitor. The most common clinical application was heart rate monitoring. Blood pressure and oxygen saturation measurements were the least common applications. There is a need for clinical validation studies in the outpatient setting to prove the potential of many of the monitors identified.Research in this area is in its infancy. Future research should look at aggregating the results of validity and reliability and patient outcome studies for each monitor and between different devices. This would provide a more holistic overview of the potential for the clinical use of each device.
A repeated cross-sectional survey assessing changes in diet and nutrient quality of English primary school children’s packed lunches between 2006 and 2016
Authors: Evans Charlotte Elizabeth Louise , Melia Kathryn Elizabeth , Rippin Holly L , Hancock Neil , Cade Janet 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveMandatory school meal standards were introduced in 2006 in England; however, no legislation exists for packed lunches. This study analyses provision of foods and nutrients in packed lunches in 2016 to highlight differences in diet and nutrient quality since 2006.DesignTwo cross-sectional surveys of children’s packed lunches were conducted in 2006 and 2016. Data were analysed using multilevel regression models taking into account the clustering of children within primary schools.SettingData were collected from 1148 children who attended 76 schools across England in 2006 and from 323 children attending 18 schools across England in 2016.ParticipantsChildren were included if they regularly ate a packed lunch prepared at home (approximately half of children take a packed lunch to school) and were aged 8–9 years (in year 4), for both surveys.Outcome measuresData collected in both years included provision of weight and type of food, nutrients and proportion of lunches meeting individual and combined school meal standards.ResultsFrequency of provision and portion size of some food types changed substantially between surveys. Frequency of provision of confectionery in lunches reduced by 9.9% (95% CI −20.0 to 0.2%), sweetened drinks reduced by 14.4% (95% CI −24.8 to −4.0%), and cakes and biscuits not containing chocolate increased by 9.6% (95% CI 3.0 to 16.3%). Vegetable provision in lunches remained low. Substantial changes were seen in the percentage of lunches meeting some nutrient standards: non-milk extrinsic sugars (19%, 95% CI 10 to 29%), vitamin A (−8%, 95% CI −12 to −4%), vitamin C (−35%, 95% CI −42 to −28%) and zinc (−8%, 95% CI −14 to −1%).ConclusionsPacked lunches remain low quality with few meeting standards set for school meals. Provision of sugars has reduced due to reductions in provision and portion size of sugary drinks and packaged sweet foods; however, provision of some nutrients has worsened.
Equal health at work? Protocol for an observational study of work organisation, workload and musculoskeletal complaints among women and men in grocery retail
Authors: Mathiassen Svend Erik , Bolin Malin , Olofsdotter Gunilla , Johansson Elin 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionWomen generally report more work-related musculoskeletal complaints than men and have higher rates of sickness absence, even within occupations. One likely reason is that work tasks within the occupation are gendered, that is, women and men have different tasks, even when sharing the same job title. Retail is an appealing sector for studying working conditions and work environment in a gender context. The prevalence of work-related complaints is high, physical loads may differ considerably between tasks and the distribution of tasks is likely gendered. The overall aim of this study in retail is to examine factors at the organisational and individual level that may, in a gender perspective, explain working conditions, work tasks, workloads and musculoskeletal health.Methods and analysesData will be collected in two grocery stores, each with 50–70 workers, at two occasions interspersed by about 1 year. In each of these four waves, data collection will include a web-based questionnaire to all workers addressing, for example, work tasks, psychosocial factors, fatigue and pain; semistructured interviews with managers and approximately 10 workers addressing, for example, competences and decision levels; and technical measurements of postures, movements and heart rate in about 30 workers. The study is novel in combining an organisational gender perspective addressed through qualitative methods with a quantitative analysis of tasks, workload and health. The design allows an examination of both how genders may differ, and why they may differ, as well as analyses of the extent to which gendered working conditions change over time in the two participating stores.Ethics and disseminationApproval of the study by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (reference number 2017/404) has been obtained. This work will be disseminated by publication of peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals, presentations at scientific conferences and in meetings with representatives from Swedish retail, including unions and employers’ organisations.
Cost-utility analysis of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in non-treatment-resistant depression: the DISCO randomised controlled study protocol
Authors: Sauvaget Anne , Lagalice Lydie , Schirr-Bonnans Solène , Volteau Christelle , Péré Morgane , Dert Cécile , Rivalland Annabelle , Tessier Fabienne , Lepage Adeline , Tostivint Agathe , Deschamps Thibault , Thomas-Ollivier Véronique , Robin Alison , Pineau Noémie , Cabelguen Clémence , Bukowski Nicolas , Guitteny Marie , Beslot Auxane , Simons Luc , Network HUGOPSY , Vanelle Jean-Marie , D'Urso Giordano , Bulteau Samuel , Riche Valéry-Pierre 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionDepression is among the most widespread psychiatric disorders in France. Psychiatric disorders are associated with considerable social costs, amounting to €22.6 billion for treatment and psychotropic medication in 2011. Treatment as usual (TAU), mainly consisting of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, is effective for only a third of patients and in most cases fails to prevent treatment resistance and chronicity. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) consists in a non-invasive and painless application of low-intensity electric current to the cerebral cortex through the scalp. Having proved effective in depressed patients, it could be used in combination with TAU to great advantage. The objective is to compare, for the first time ever, the cost-utility of tDCS-TAU and of TAU alone for the treatment of a depressive episode that has been refractory to one or two drug treatments.Methods and analysisThis paper, based on the DISCO study protocol, focuses on the design of a prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label multicentre economic study to be conducted in France. It will include 214 patients with unipolar or bipolar depression, assigning them to two parallel arms: group A (tDCS-TAU) and group B (TAU alone). The primary outcome is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, that is, the ratio of the difference in cost between each strategy to the difference in their effects. Their effects will be expressed as numbers of quality-adjusted life-years, determined through administration of the EuroQol Five-Dimension questionnaire over a 12-month period to patients (EQ-5D-5L). Expected benefits are the reduction of treatment resistance and suicidal ideation as well as social and professional costs of depression. Should depression-related costs fall significantly, tDCS might be considered an efficient treatment for depression.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by a French ethics committee, the CPP-–Est IV (Comité de Protection des Personnes–Strasbourg). Data are to be published in peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberRCB 2018-A00474-51;NCT03758105