bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New boundary conditions for simulating the filling stage of the injection molding process
Authors: Galuppo Wagner de Campos , Magalhães Ana , Ferrás Luís Lima , Nóbrega João Miguel , Fernandes Célio 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop new boundary conditions for simulating the injection molding process of polymer melts.

Design/methodology/approach
The boundary conditions are derived and implemented to simulate real-life air vents (used to allow the air escape from the mold). The simulations are performed in the computational library OpenFOAM® by considering two different fluid models, namely, Newtonian and generalized Newtonian (Bird–Carreau model).

Findings
A detailed study on the accuracy of the solver interFoam for simulating the filling stage is presented, by considering simple geometries and adaptive mesh refinement. The verified code is then used to study the three-dimensional filling of a more complex geometry.

Originality/value
The results obtained showed that the numerical method is stable and allows one to model the filling process, simulating the real injection molding process.
Construction project productivity evaluation framework with expanded system boundaries
Authors: Zhan Wenting , Pan Wei , Chen Le 
Published: July 2020

PurposeWhile the investment in construction projects has increased over the past few decades, low construction project productivity (CPP) appeared to be persistent, thereby reflecting an “investment-in-failure” paradox between the investment and CPP. Hence, this paper aims to develop a systematic and holistic CPP evaluation framework to explain the apparent paradox in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first reviews the literature about the theories of system, production, principal–agent and project success evaluation to re-conceptualise the CPP and proposes a two-stage CPP evaluation framework. The framework is subsequently explored through a sequential qualitative mixed-methods design within the context of the Hong Kong construction industry by combining 32 semi-structured interviews with senior industry experts and exploratory case studies, with three real-life construction projects.FindingsThe paper identifies three system boundaries for CPP evaluation, that is, parameter, timeframe and stakeholder, and develops a two-stage CPP evaluation framework to indicate site efficiency and utilisation effectiveness, thereby accessing the productivity of both the construction and post-construction stages. The “investment-in-failure” paradox associated with current CPP evaluation approaches is primarily attributed to the narrowly defined CPP boundaries.Research limitations/implicationsThe qualitative exploration of the evaluation framework only focusses on the Hong Kong construction industry. Further case studies within other urban contexts could be used to improve the generalisability of the findings. Quantitative research is also necessary to advance theoretical development of the two-stage CPP evaluation.Practical implicationsThe systemic CPP conceptualisation and the two-stage CPP evaluation framework support the systems thinking of industry stakeholders and enable them to formulate holistic strategies for long-term CPP enhancement.Originality/valueThe research demonstrates the needs to expand the system boundaries of CPP to reflect its systemic value and to shift the paradigm of CPP evaluation from being output-orientated and quantity-focussed to being outcome-orientated and value-focussed.
What constitutes risk for a theatrical film distributor? Evidence from the Hindi film industry
Authors: Dyondi Rashmi , Jha Shishir Kumar , Haldar Arunima 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the strategic issues of risk for independent theatrical film distributors in the Hindi film industry in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted qualitative grounded theory approach to explore contextually relevant strategic issues of risk for independent theatrical film distributors. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with Hindi film distributors helped to gain explorative insights about the risk behaviour of film distributors operating in Mumbai “circuit”.

Findings
The findings suggest that risk faced by distributors is a function of product (film content) features, contractual terms, resources such as finance and strength of strategic alliances with the producers. The study develops a business risk model for the film distributors from a series of propositions.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the literature on motion picture industry by highlighting the importance of distribution risk in the film value chain.
Shouldering a double burden: the cultural stigma of the dogma of gender role ideology and its impact on work–family conflict
Authors: Kengatharan Navaneethakrishnan 
Published: July 2020

PurposeDrawing on the role theory and work–family border theory, this study aims to examine the relationship between work/family demands and sui generis forms of work–family conflict and further investigates the gender role ideology as a moderator of the relationship between work/family demands and work–family conflict.Design/methodology/approachThe data were garnered with a self-reported questionnaire from randomly selected 569 employees working in the banking sector. As a caveat, nonresponse bias, common method variance and the reliability and validity of the measure were examined.FindingsThe results revealed that work demand and family demand were strongly related to both time- and strain-based work–family conflict; however, the relationship was not established with behavioural-based conflict. Notably, the findings affirmed the existence of a neglected form of psychological-based work–family conflict as thepièce de résistanceand established a strong connection with its precursor. The dogma of gender role ideology, as a moderator, was indubitably confirmed and strengthened the positive relationship between family demand and family-to-work conflict.Practical implicationsThe present study emphasises the importance of work/family demands and gender role ideology on work–family conflict. Consequently, it behoves human resource managers, strategists and practitioners to frame the organisational arrangements to alleviate the work–family conflict.Originality/valueThe present study fills a hiatus by establishing the relationship between work/family demand and work–family conflict with its cultural beliefs in the context of a collectivist culture.
The bottleneck of intrapreneurship: are social positions and held expectations constraints in organizations’ entrepreneur process? A conceptual view
Authors: Begeç Suat , Arun Korhan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This study aims to develop conceptual arguments about intrapreneurship relative to role theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The challenge to the intrapreneurship concept is that no single or combination of personality traits, individual characteristics or attitudes can fulfill the causes of the phenomenon, as these factors are context-bound. One explanation for individual- and macro-level contrasting outcomes is the diverging effect of expectations. The structural and interactionist perspective of sociology is used to understand the intrapreneurship concept because intrapreneurs live within a society and shape their course per the expectations of others.

Findings
Intrapreneurs have been trying to infer about what is seen as crucial individually related to interactions within the existing context; more importantly, acting in an intrapreneurship role can be defined and learned by expectations.

Practical implications
With the convenient expectations from other members, families or environments, organization members will value the innovation and self-direction of intrapreneurship more highly that such a taste for an acting role may be an important factor in the decision to become an intrapreneur.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper emphasized for the first time that the consequences of exposure to social expectations for the development of intrapreneur roles, particularly the broad portfolios of skills and motivation, are relevant to intrapreneurship. Previous approaches depend on individuals, organizations or the environment to have different approaches to likely employees to be intrapreneurs. The paper first argues that context is important for understanding how and why context can be linked to individual intrapreneurs and how intrapreneurship can be defined as roles rather than a task or unique potential entrepreneurs.
Expression of N‐cycling genes of root microbiomes provides insights for sustaining oilseed crop production
Authors: Wang Li , Gan Yantai , Bainard Luke D. , Hamel Chantal , St‐Arnaud Marc , Hijri Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAgricultural production is dependent on inputs of nitrogen (N) whose cycle relies on soil and crop microbiomes. Crop diversification has increased productivity; however, its impact on the expression of microbial genes involved in N‐cycling pathways remains unknown. Here, we assessed N‐cycling gene expression patterns in the root and rhizosphere microbiomes of five oilseed crops as influenced by three 2‐year crop rotations. The first phase consisted of fallow, lentil or wheat, and the second phase consisted of one of five oilseed crops. Expression of bacterial amoA, nirK and nirS genes showed that the microbiome of Ethiopian mustard had the lowest and that of camelina the highest potential for N loss. A preceding rotation phase of lentil significantly increased the expression of nifH gene by 23% compared with wheat and improved nxrA gene expression by 51% with chemical fallow in the following oilseed crops respectively. Lentil substantially increased biological N2 fixation and reduced denitrification in the following oilseed crops. Our results also revealed that most N‐cycling gene transcripts are more abundant in the microbiomes associated with roots than with the rhizosphere. The outcome of our investigation brings a new level of understanding on how crop diversification and rotation sequences are related to N‐cycling in annual cropping systems.
The substrate‐dependent regulatory effects of the AfeI/R system in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans reveals the novel regulation strategy of quorum sensing in acidophiles
Authors: Gao Xue‐Yan , Fu Chang‐Ai , Hao Likai , Gu Xiu‐Feng , Wang Rui , Lin Jian‐Qiang , Liu Xiang‐Mei , Pang Xin , Zhang Cheng‐Jia , Lin Jian‐Qun , Chen Lin‐Xu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA LuxI/R‐like quorum sensing (QS) system (AfeI/R) has been reported in the acidophilic and chemoautotrophic Acidithiobacillus spp. However, the function of AfeI/R remains unclear because of the difficulties in the genetic manipulation of these bacteria. Here, we constructed different afeI mutants of the sulfur‐ and iron‐oxidizer A. ferrooxidans, identified the N‐acyl homoserine lactones (acyl‐HSLs) synthesized by AfeI, and determined the regulatory effects of AfeI/R on genes expression, extracellular polymeric substance synthesis, energy metabolism, cell growth and population density of A. ferrooxidans in different energy substrates. Acyl‐HSLs‐mediated distinct regulation strategies were employed to influence bacterial metabolism and cell growth of A. ferrooxidans cultivated in either sulfur or ferrous iron. Based on these findings, an energy‐substrate‐dependent regulation mode of AfeI/R in A. ferrooxidans was illuminated that AfeI/R could produce different types of acyl‐HSLs and employ specific acyl‐HSLs to regulate specific genes in response to different energy substrates. The discovery of the AfeI/R‐mediated substrate‐dependent regulatory mode expands our knowledge on the function of QS system in the chemoautotrophic sulfur‐ and ferrous iron‐oxidizing bacteria, and provides new insights in understanding energy metabolism modulation, population control, bacteria‐driven bioleaching process, and the coevolution between the acidophiles and their acidic habitats.
‘Saving our people’: health workers, medical citizenship, and vernacular sovereignties in West Papua
Authors: Munro Jenny 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMuch anthropology has considered the social embeddedness of medical systems, personnel, and practices and the political subjectivities that may arise among health workers. I explore what medical citizenship looks like under conditions of settler colonialism in West Papua based on an ethnographic study of Dani (Balim) and Lani HIV nurses and NGO volunteers who see themselves and their activities as part of a broader effort to save Papuans from extinction. In particular, HIV work emerges as a biosocial obligation, meaning that workers give their expertise, attention, compassion, and treatment networks to people with HIV in the name of ensuring the vitality of the wider population, but giving care is not altruistic. As HIV workers respond to erasure, constraints, and racism, they put themselves at the centre of HIV care webs. ‘Traditional’ technologies transform healthcare encounters and challenge strategic ignorance about the epidemic. A close navigation of global health and settler power allows for flexible, independent, even surreptitious HIV practices that are deceptively radical and disruptive. Papuan HIV workers’ medical citizenship is encompassed by and expresses vernacular sovereignties.
Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest
Authors: ZENG Di , JIN Tinghao , ZHAO Yuhao , YAN Chuan , ZHANG Zhibin , DING Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDensity‐dependent non‐monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non‐monotonic rodent‐plant interactions. According to the non‐monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome‐shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated‐ and a weak dome‐shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non‐monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non‐monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.
Methods for identifying and interpreting sex‐linked SNP markers and carrying out sex assignment: application to thornback ray (Raja clavata)
Authors: Trenkel Verena M. , Boudry Pierre , Verrez‐Bagnis Véronique , Lorance Pascal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSex‐determining modes remain unknown in numerous species, notably in fishes, in which a variety of modalities have been reported. Additionally, noninvasive individual sexing is problematic for species without external sex attributes or for early life stages, requiring cytogenetic or molecular analyses when sex chromosomes or sex‐linked markers have been characterized. Genomics now provide a means to achieve this. Here, we review common sex‐determination systems and corresponding statistical methods for identifying sex‐linked genetic markers and their use for sex assignment, focusing on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from reduced representation sequencing methods. We demonstrate the dependence of expected sex assignment error on the number of sex‐linked SNPs and minor allele frequency. The application of three methods was made here: (a) identification of heterozygote excess in one sex, (b) FST outlier analysis between the two sexes and (c) neuronal net modelling. These methods were applied to a large SNP data set (4604 SNPs) for 1680 thornback rays (Raja clavata). Using method (a), nineteen putative sex‐linked SNPs were identified. Comparison with the reference genome of a related species (Amblyraja radiata) indicated that all 19 SNPs are probably located on the same chromosome. These results suggest that thornback ray has a XX/XY sex‐determination system. Method (b) identified eight SNPs probably located on different chromosomes. Method (a) led to the lowest sex assignment error among the three methods (4.2% error for females and 3.7% for males).
Poor efficacy of anti‐programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 monotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer patients with active brain metastases
Authors: Tozuka Takehiro , Kitazono Satoru , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Yoshida Hiroshi , Amino Yoshiaki , Uematsu Shinya , Yoshizawa Takahiro , Hasegawa Tsukasa , Ariyasu Ryo , Uchibori Ken , Yanagitani Noriko , Horai Takeshi , Seike Masahiro , Gemma Akihiko , Nishio Makoto 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe efficacy of anti‐programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 antibody monotherapy (anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy) in patients with active brain metastases (BMs) is not established. Here, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with active BMs.MethodsThis retrospective study included NSCLC patients treated with second‐line or later‐line anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy between December 2015 and August 2019. Patients were classified into those with or without active BMs, including symptomatic BMs requiring systemic steroids and untreated BMs. The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the patients with and without active BMs were compared. Intracranial and extracranial tumor responses were evaluated in patients with active BMs.ResultsWe analyzed 197 patients who had received anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy. Among them, 24 had active BMs. Among those without active BMs, 145 had no BMs and 28 had treated asymptomatic BMs. The PFS and OS of patients with active BMs were significantly shorter than those of patients without active BMs (1.3 vs. 2.7 months; P < 0.001, and 4.5 vs. 16.3 months; P = 0.001 respectively). For patients with active BMs, the intracranial and extracranial response rates were 13.3% and 26.7%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, active BMs, poor performance status (PS), and EGFR/ALK positivity were significant factors associated with shorter PFS. Active BMs and poor PS were significant factors associated with shorter OS.ConclusionsThis study suggested that anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 monotherapy was not effective for NSCLC patients with active BMs. Further studies on immunotherapy are needed for patients with active BMs.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study: The present study showed that anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 antibody monotherapy was not effective for non‐small cell lung cancer patients with active brain metastases. Intracranial and extracranial response rates were 13.3% and 26.7%, respectively.What this study adds: Further studies on immunotherapy are needed for patients with active BMs.
Bayesian and heterogeneity of treatment effect analyses of the HOT‐ICU trial—A secondary analysis protocol
Authors: Klitgaard Thomas L. , Schjørring Olav L. , Lange Theis , Møller Morten Hylander , Perner Anders , Rasmussen Bodil S. , Granholm Anders 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Handling Oxygenation Targets in the Intensive Care Unit (HOT‐ICU) trial is an ongoing randomised clinical trial exploring the benefits and harms of targeting a lower (8 kPa) versus a higher (12 kPa) arterial oxygenation target in adult patients acutely admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with hypoxaemic respiratory failure.MethodsThis protocol describes a secondary analysis of the primary trial outcome, 90‐day all‐cause mortality. We will analyse the primary outcome using Bayesian methods, which allows quantification of probabilities of all effect sizes. We will explore the presence of heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) using Bayesian hierarchical models in subgroups based on baseline parameters: (a) severity of illness (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score), (b) severity of hypoxaemic respiratory failure (partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio), (c) vasopressor requirement (highest noradrenaline dose in the 24 hours prior to randomisation), and (d) plasma lactate concentration (latest prior to randomisation). Additionally, we will perform separate assessments of the treatment effect interaction with each of the baseline parameters above on the continuous scale and present these using conditional effects plots.ConclusionsThis secondary analysis will aid the interpretation of the HOT‐ICU trial by evaluating probabilities of all effect sizes. In addition, we will evaluate whether HTE is present, thus, further evaluating benefits and harms of a lower versus a higher oxygenation target in adult ICU patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure.
The protein YWHAE (14‐3‐3 epsilon) in spermatozoa is essential for male fertility
Authors: Eisa Alaa , Dey Souvik , Ignatious Alex , Nofal Wesam , Hess Rex A. , Kurokawa Manabu , Kline Douglas , Vijayaraghavan Srinivasan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogenesis is a complex biological process highlighted by synthesis and activation of proteins that regulate meiosis and cellular differentiation occur during spermatogenesis. 14‐3‐3 proteins are adaptor proteins that play critical roles in kinase signaling, especially for regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. There are seven isoforms of the 14‐3‐3 family proteins encoded by seven genes (β, ε, γ, η, θ/τ, ζ and σ). 14‐3‐3 isoforms have been shown to have many interacting partners in several tissues including testis.ObjectiveWhile it is known that 14‐3‐3 proteins are expressed in the functions of testis and spermatozoon, the role for each of the seven isoforms is not known. In this study, we investigated the roles of 14‐3‐3η and 14‐3‐3ε isoforms in spermatogenesis.Materials and methodsTo study the in vivo function of 14‐3‐3η and 14‐3‐3ε in spermatogenesis, we generated testis‐specific and global knockout mice for each of 14‐3‐3η and 14‐3‐3ε isoforms (CKO and GKO, respectively). Computer‐assisted semen analysis was used to assess sperm motility, while immunohistochemical studies were conducted to check spermatogenesis.ResultsAlthough both 14‐3‐3η and 14‐3‐3ε isoforms were present in mouse testis, only the expression of 14‐3‐3ε, but not 14‐3‐3η, was detected in spermatozoa. Mice lacking 14‐3‐3η were normal and fertile while 14‐3‐3ε CKO and GKO males showed infertility. Low sperm count with higher abnormal spermatozoa was seen in 14‐3‐3ε CKO mice. The motility of 14‐3‐3ε knockout spermatozoa was lower than that of the control. A reduction in the phosphorylation of both glycogen synthase kinase 3 and PP1γ2 was also seen in spermatozoa from 14‐3‐3ε CKO mice, suggesting a specific role of 14‐3‐3ε in spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and fertility.Discussion and conclusionThis is the first demonstration that of the seven 14‐3‐3 isoforms, 14‐3‐3ε is essential for normal sperm function and male fertility.
Letter: liver disease and COVID‐19—not the perfect storm
Authors: Nathwani Rooshi , Mukherjee Sujit , Forlano Roberta , Mullish Benjamin H. , Vergis Nikhil , Selvapatt Nowlan , Manousou Pinelopi , Nayagam Shevanthi , Lemoine Maud , Dhar Ameet 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Garrido et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15813 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15886.