bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abuse Experienced by Persons with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Rani Akanksha , Raman Janaki , Antony Sojan , Thirumoorthy Ammapattian , Thirumoorthy Ammapattian , Basavarajappa Chethan 
Published: June 2020

Background: Abuse among person with severe mental illness is a serious public health concern and over the several decades researchers have focused on violence perpetrated by person with mental illness giving little consideration to the fact that severity and chronicity of mental disorder makes a person susceptible to all kinds of abuse. The current study attempts to identify three types of abuse-physical, sexual and psychological by using socio-ecological framework which takes into consideration individual, family and socio-cultural factors which acts as a risk or protective factors against abuse.
Methods/Design: The study will screen severity of mental illness and abuse among men and women by using standardized screening tools. The first phase of the study focuses on developing risk and protective factors checklist through in-depth interviews and focused group discussions. The second phase of the study is identifying risk and protective factors of abuse by administering the checklist on 257 persons with severe mental illness. Qualitative data will be analyzed by using thematic analysis and quantitative data will be analyzed by testing for normality and accordingly using parametric and non-parametric test. Logistic regression model will be used to identify risk and protective factors for the abuse.
Discussion: This study would help to understand abuse from ecological perspective and develop a framework for risk management by capitalizing on what people know, what they can do, where they can go and how they can utilize indigenous resources to buffer the effect of abuse.
Current status of proximal gastrectomy for gastric and esophagogastric junctional cancer: A review
Authors: Nunobe Souya , Ida Satoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProximal gastrectomy (PG) is one of the function‐preserving surgical methods for the treatment of upper gastric cancer. Favorable postoperative results have been reported in comparison with total gastrectomy. However, because there are challenges, such as postoperative reflux esophagitis, anastomotic stenosis, and residual food, appropriate selection of a reconstruction method is crucial. Some methods include esophagogastric anastomosis, including simple esophagogastrostomy, tube‐like stomach esophagogastrostomy, side overlap with fundoplication by Yamashita, and double‐flap technique, and reconstruction using the small intestine, including double‐tract methods, jejunal interposition, and jejunal pouch interposition. However, standard reconstruction methods are yet to be established. PG has also been employed in early gastric cancer of the upper third of the stomach, and indications have also been extended to esophagogastric junction cancer, which has shown an increase in recent years. Although many retrospective studies have revealed the functional benefits or oncological safety of PG, the characteristics of each surgical procedure should be understood so that an appropriate reconstruction method, with a reflux prevention mechanism and minimal postoperative injury, can be selected.
TUBB3 E410K syndrome: Case report and review of the clinical spectrum of TUBB3 mutations
Authors: Dentici Maria L. , Maglione Vittorio , Agolini Emanuele , Catena Gino , Capolino Rossella , Lanari Valentina , Novelli Antonio , Sinibaldi Lorenzo , Vecchio Davide , Gonfiantini Michaela V. , Macchiaiolo Marina , Digilio Maria C. , Dallapiccola Bruno , Bartuli Andrea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe tubulinopathies refer to a wide range of brain malformations caused by mutations in one of the seven genes encoding different tubulin's isotypes. The β‐tubulin isotype III (TUBB3) gene has a primary function in nervous system development and axon generation and maintenance, due to its neuron‐specific expression pattern. A recurrent heterozygous mutation, c.1228G > A; p.E410K, in TUBB3 gene is responsible of a rare disorder clinically characterized by congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscle type 3 (CFEOM3), intellectual disability and a wide range of neurological and endocrine abnormalities. Other mutations have been described spanning the entire gene and genotype–phenotype correlations have been proposed. We report on a 3‐year‐old boy in whom clinical exome sequencing allowed to identify a de novo TUBB3 E410K mutation as the molecular cause underlying a complex phenotype characterized by a severe bilateral palpebral ptosis refractory to eye surgery, psychomotor delay, absent speech, hypogonadism, celiac disease, and cyclic vomiting. Brain MRI revealed thinning of the corpus callosum with no evidence of malformation cortical dysplasia. We reviewed available records of patients with TUBB3 E410K mutation and compared their phenotype with the clinical outcome of patients with other mutations in TUBB3 gene. The present study confirms that TUBB3 E410K results in a clinically recognizable phenotype, unassociated to the distinct cortical dysplasia caused by other mutations in the same gene. Early molecular characterization of TUBB3 E410K syndrome is critical for targeted genetic counseling and prompt prospective care in term of neurological, ophthalmological, endocrine, and gastrointestinal follow‐up.
Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkynols: Highly Selective Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐β‐Lactones
Authors: Ge Yao , Ye Fei , Liu Jiawang , Yang Ji , Spannenberg Anke , Jiao Haijun , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe first general and regioselective Pd‐catalyzed cyclocarbonylation to give α‐methylene‐β‐lactones is reported. Key to the success for this process is the use of a specific sterically demanding phosphine ligand based on N‐arylated imidazole (L11) in the presence of Pd(MeCN)2Cl2 as pre‐catalyst. A variety of easily available alkynols provide under additive‐free conditions the corresponding α‐methylene‐β‐lactones in moderate to good yields with excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. The applicability of this novel methodology is showcased by the direct carbonylation of biologically active molecules including natural products.
Designed Synthesis of a 1D Polymer in Twist‐Stacked Topology via Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Polymerization
Authors: Athiyarath Vignesh , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo synthesize a fully organic 1D polymer in a novel twist‐stacked topology, we designed a peptide monomer HC≡CCH2‐NH‐Ile‐Leu‐N3, which crystallizes with its molecules H‐bonded along a six‐fold screw axis. These H‐bonded columns pack parallelly such that molecules arrange head‐to‐tail, forming linear non‐covalent chains in planes perpendicular to the screw axis. The chains arrange parallelly to form molecular layers which twist‐stack along the screw axis. Crystals of this monomer, on heating, undergo single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) topochemical azide–alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) polymerization to yield an exclusively 1,4‐triazole‐linked polymer in a twist‐stacked layered topology. This topologically defined polymer shows better mechanical strength and thermal stability than its unordered form, as evidenced by nanoindentation studies and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. This work illustrates the scope of topochemical polymerizations for synthesizing polymers in pre‐decided topologies.
Ionothermal Synthesis of Imide‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Maschita Johannes , Banerjee Tanmay , Savasci Gökcen , Haase Frederik , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an extensively studied class of porous materials, which distinguish themselves from other porous polymers in their crystallinity and high degree of modularity, enabling a wide range of applications. COFs are most commonly synthesized solvothermally, which is often a time‐consuming process and restricted to well‐soluble precursor molecules. Synthesis of polyimide‐linked COFs (PI‐COFs) is further complicated by the poor reversibility of the ring‐closing reaction under solvothermal conditions. Herein, we report the ionothermal synthesis of crystalline and porous PI‐COFs in zinc chloride and eutectic salt mixtures. This synthesis does not require soluble precursors and the reaction time is significantly reduced as compared to standard solvothermal synthesis methods. In addition to applying the synthesis to previously reported imide COFs, a new perylene‐based COF was also synthesized, which could not be obtained by the classical solvothermal route. In situ high‐temperature XRPD analysis hints to the formation of precursor–salt adducts as crystalline intermediates, which then react with each other to form the COF.
DNA delivery systems based on copolymers of poly (2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) and polyethyleneimine: Effect of polyoxazoline moieties on the endo‐lysosomal escape
Authors: Haladjova Emi , Smolíček Maroš , Ugrinova Iva , Momekova Denitsa , Shestakova Pavletta , Kroneková Zuzana , Kronek Juraj , Rangelov Stanislav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPoly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐polyethylenimine (PMeOx‐co‐PEI) copolymers differing by degree of polymerization (DP = 50 and 200) and PEI content (from 37 to 99 mol%) were synthesized by living cationic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline, followed by partial hydrolysis. Upon mixing with DNA in a wide range of N/P ratios, they formed well‐defined polyplex particles of small size (typically below 100 nm) and narrow size distribution. The polyplexes demonstrated good colloidal stability and very low in vitro cytotoxicity. The copolymers exhibited buffering capacity of over 50% relative to that of the reference PEI implying effective endo‐lysosomal escape of the polyplexes. Increased cellular internalization of both PCR fragments and plasmid DNA, attributable to the strongly positive ζ potential and small size of the polyplexes, was observed. In spite of these favorable prerequisites, the transfection efficiency was low (below 20% relative to the control PEI) and was attributed to retarded swelling of the polyplex particles, endo‐lysosomal rupture, and DNA release.
Multiple Fused Anthracenes as Helical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Motif for Chiroptical Performance Enhancement
Authors: Fujise Kei , Tsurumaki Eiji , Fukuhara Gaku , Hara Nobuyuki , Imai Yoshitane , Toyota Shinji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of three fused anthracene units were designed as new π‐conjugated compounds having helical structures. These expanded helicenes were synthesized by Pt‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of the corresponding ethynyl‐substituted precursors. The nonplanar and helical structure was confirmed by X‐ray analysis and DFT calculations, and the barrier to helical inversion was estimated to be 34 kJ mol−1. The enantiomers of the diphenyl derivative were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC. Enantiopure samples showed good chiroptical performance in the CD (|Δϵ| 1380 L mol−1cm−1) and CPL (|glum| 0.013) spectra, and these values were considerably large for simple organic molecules. The unique chiroptical properties are discussed on the basis of the molecular structure and the electronic state with the aid of time‐dependent DFT calculations.
New D‐A‐A’‐Configured Small Molecule Donors Employing Conjugation to Red‐shift the Absorption for Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Chun‐Kai , Che Xiaozhou , Lo Yuan‐Chih , Li Ya‐Ze , Wang Yung‐Hao , Forrest Stephen R. , Liu Shun‐Wei , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFour new donor‐acceptor‐acceptor’ (D‐A‐A’)‐configured donors, CPNT, DCPNT, CPNBT, and DCPNBT equipped with naphtho[1,2‐c:5,6‐c′]bis([1,2,5]‐thiadiazole) (NT) or naphtho[2,3‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (NBT) as the central acceptor (A) unit bridging triarylamine donor (D) and cyano or dicyanovinylene acceptor (A’), were synthesized and characterized. All molecules exhibit bathochromic absorption shifts as compared to those of the benzothiadiazole (BT)‐based analogues owing to improved electron‐withdrawing and quinoidal character of NT and NBT cores that lead to stronger intramolecular charge transfer. Favorable energy level alignments with C70, together with the good thermal stability and the antiparallel dimeric packing render CPNT and DCPNT suitable donors for vacuum‐processed organic photovoltaics (OPV)s. OPVs based on DCPNT : C70 active layers displayed the best power conversion efficiency (PCE)=8.3%, along with an open circuit voltage of 0.92 V, a short circuit current of 14.5 mA cm−2 and a fill factor of 62% under 1 sun intensity, simulated AM1.5G illumination. Importantly, continuous light‐soaking with AM 1.5G illumination has verified the durability of the devices based on CPNT:C70 and DCPNT : C70 as the active blends. The devices were examined for their feasibility of indoor light harvesting under 500 lux illumination by a TLD‐840 fluorescent lamp, giving PCE=12.8% and 12.6%, respectively. These results indicate that the NT‐based D‐A‐A’‐type donors CPNT and DCPNT are potential candidates for high‐stability vacuum‐processed OPVs suitable for indoor energy harvesting.
Bewährte Standards der Schal‐ und Bewehrungsplanung
Authors: Richert Christian , Hanek Dieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDie technischen Möglichkeiten der Planung steigen mit den digitalen Methoden, wie der 3‐D‐Konstruktion und Building Information Modeling, deutlich an. Auch im Bereich der Tragwerksplanung kann dies dazu führen, dass der Fokus der Konstruktionsplanung nicht mehr ausreichend auf dem technisch Notwendigen und dem vertraglich vereinbarten Umfang der Ausführungspläne liegt. Die Tendenz zu Ausführungsplänen mit einem immer komplexeren Inhalt nimmt stetig zu, was mit der Qualifikation und der Umsetzungsfähigkeit der Bauausführenden vor Ort nicht immer im Einklang steht und tw. dadurch verursacht wird. Es entsteht häufig ein Spannungsfeld, in dem Auftraggeber vor der Frage stehen, welche Inhalte von Schal‐ und Bewehrungsplänen für eine fehlerfreie Bauausführung erforderlich sind. Zu einem zusätzlichen Klärungsbedarf führen auch die anhaltenden Diskussionen um die HOAI. Zwar ist diese im juristischen Sinne kein Leistungskatalog, sie wird aber dennoch als Grundlage herangezogen, um Leistungsbilder als vertraglich vereinbarte Leistungsinhalte (z. B. die Grundleistungen nach HOAI) zu definieren. Weitere Hinweise zu den erforderlichen Inhalten von Schal‐ und Bewehrungsplänen finden sich in DIN 1356‐1, div. gängigen Bautabellen, Splittingtabellen zur HOAI und nicht zuletzt im Heft 3 des AHO und einschlägigen Kommentierungen zur HOAI. Eine einheitliche Zusammenstellung sucht man allerdings vergebens. Um dieser Verunsicherung zu begegnen und auch Planern wie Bauherren ein Instrument an die Hand zu geben, die Planungsleistungen inhaltlich zu überprüfen, hat der VBI als führende Verbandsorganisation der Planungsbüros den nach wie vor gültigen und bewährten Standard von Schal‐ und Bewehrungsplänen im Hochbau zusammengefasst.
Carbohydrate‐binding domains facilitate efficient oligosaccharides synthesis by enhancing mutant catalytic domain transglycosylation activity
Authors: Bandi Chandra Kanth , Goncalves Antonio , Pingali Sai Venkatesh , Chundawat Shishir P. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemoenzymatic approaches using carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZymes) offer a promising avenue for the synthesis of glycans like oligosaccharides. Here, we report a novel chemoenzymatic route for cellodextrins synthesis employed by chimeric CAZymes, akin to native glycosyltransferases, involving the unprecedented participation of a “non‐catalytic” lectin‐like domain or carbohydrate‐binding modules (CBMs) in the catalytic step for glycosidic bond synthesis using β‐cellobiosyl donor sugars as activated substrates. CBMs are often thought to play a passive substrate targeting role in enzymatic glycosylation reactions mostly via overcoming substrate diffusion limitations for tethered catalytic domains (CDs) but are not known to participate directly in any nucleophilic substitution mechanisms that impact the actual glycosyl transfer step. This study provides evidence for the direct participation of CBMs in the catalytic reaction step for β‐glucan glycosidic bonds synthesis enhancing activity for CBM‐based CAZyme chimeras by >140‐fold over CDs alone. Dynamic intradomain interactions that facilitate this poorly understood reaction mechanism were further revealed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering structural analysis along with detailed mutagenesis studies to shed light on our current limited understanding of similar transglycosylation‐type reaction mechanisms. In summary, our study provides a novel strategy for engineering similar CBM‐based CAZyme chimeras for the synthesis of bespoke oligosaccharides using simple activated sugar monomers.
Laparoscopic versus open colorectal surgery in the acute setting (LaCeS trial): a multicentre randomized feasibility trial
Authors: Harji D P , Marshall H , Gordon K , Twiddy M , Pullan A , Meads D , Croft J , Burke D , Griffiths B , Verjee A , Sagar P , Stocken D , Brown J , Baker R , Berger C , Cardozo W , Chapman S , Codd R , Coyne P , Davies J , Evans M , Harries D , Harries R , Hicks L , Jayamanne H , Kelly S , Lockwood S , Madhavan A , McCallum I , Moriarty C , Nassa H , Plusa S , Priestley M , Scott J , Stephenson S , Swarnkar K , Taylor G , White L , Williams G , Williams M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Approximately 30 000 people undergo major emergency abdominal gastrointestinal surgery annually, and 36 per cent of these procedures (around 10 800) are carried out for emergency colorectal pathology. Some 14 per cent of all patients requiring emergency surgery have a laparoscopic procedure. The aims of the LaCeS (laparoscopic versus open colorectal surgery in the acute setting) feasibility trial were to assess the feasibility, safety and acceptability of performing a large-scale definitive phase III RCT, with a comparison of emergency laparoscopic versus open surgery for acute colorectal pathology.

Methods
LaCeS was designed as a prospective, multicentre, single-blind, parallel-group, pragmatic feasibility RCT with an integrated qualitative study. Randomization was undertaken centrally, with patients randomized on a 1 : 1 basis between laparoscopic or open surgery.

Results
A total of 64 patients were recruited across five centres. The overall mean steady-state recruitment rate was 1·2 patients per month per site. Baseline compliance for clinical and health-related quality-of-life data was 99·8 and 93·8 per cent respectively. The conversion rate from laparoscopic to open surgery was 39 (95 per cent c.i. 23 to 58) per cent. The 30-day postoperative complication rate was 27 (13 to 46) per cent in the laparoscopic arm and 42 (25 to 61) per cent in the open arm.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic emergency colorectal surgery may have an acceptable safety profile. Registration number: ISRCTN15681041 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Proteins of the Lectin Pathway of complement activation at the site of injury in subarachnoid hemorrhage compared with peripheral blood
Authors: Anker‐Møller Thorkil , Hvas Anne‐Mette , Sunde Niels , Thiel Steffen , Troldborg Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a debilitating stroke. Activation of the lectin pathway (LP) of the complement system in SAH patients could worsen the prognosis; however, conflicting results have been reported. This potentially reflects that pathological changes at the site of injury are not reflected in peripheral blood.Aims of the studyTo measure the concentration of LP proteins in blood from the site of brain injury compared with peripheral blood in SAH patients, and to determine the concentration of LP proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).MethodsWe included 11 SAH patients undergoing aneurysm clipping or external ventricular drainage. Blood was collected from the site of injury and from a peripheral artery and/or CSF simultaneously. LP proteins were measured using time‐resolved immunofluorometric assays.ResultsIn all patients, the cerebral blood concentration of mannan‐binding lectin, collectin liver‐1 and collectin kidney‐1, and mannan‐associated serine proteases 1 and 2 were lower than in peripheral blood. The LP proteins were almost undetectable in CSF.ConclusionLectin pathway protein concentrations measured in peripheral blood do not always reflect changes at the site of injury. For some proteins, more information could be obtained in blood from the site of injury when investigating pathogenic mechanisms.
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: A case report with response to adalimumab
Authors: Kim Shirley , Khatchaturian Emily M. , Dehesa Luis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough MRH can mimic rheumatoid arthritis, its ability to rapidly progress to arthritis mutilans and association with malignancy in up to 25% of patients warrant prompt recognition and treatment along with age‐appropriate malignancy work‐up.
Amine Catalysis with Substrates Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Moieties Enabled by Control over the Enamine Pyramidalization Direction
Authors: Möhler Jasper S. , Schnitzer Tobias , Wennemers Helma 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStereoselective organocatalytic C−C bond formations that tolerate N‐heterocycles are valuable since these moieties are common motifs in numerous chiral bioactive compounds. Such transformations are, however, challenging since N‐heterocyclic moieties can interfere with the catalytic reaction. Here, we present a peptide that catalyzes conjugate addition reactions between aldehydes and nitroolefins bearing a broad range of different N‐heterocyclic moieties with basic and/or H‐bonding sites in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Tuning of the pyramidalization direction of the enamine intermediate enabled the high stereoselectivity.
Bioraffinerien auf Basis schwach verholzter Biomasse
Authors: Weiermüller Jens , Akermann Alexander , Sieker Tim , Ulber Roland 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAufgrund niedriger Ligningehalte eignen sich schwach verholzte Biomassearten, wie Biertreber und Grassilage, gut für den Einsatz in Bioraffinerien. Dafür kann die Biomasse auf verschiedene Arten fraktioniert bzw. aufgearbeitet und zu Wertstoffen umgesetzt werden. Am Beispiel von Biertreber wird eine Feststofffermentation mit Cellulomonas uda und eine hydrothermale sowie enzymatische Verzuckerung inklusive der Inhibitorbildung betrachtet. Für die Verwertung von Grassilage wird exemplarisch eine hydrothermale Vorbehandlung mit anschließender simultaner Verzuckerung und Fermentation aufgezeigt.
DMAP‐Catalyzed C—N Bond Formation for Diverse Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine and Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Shang Le‐Le , Feng Yun , Gao Xing‐Lian , Chen Zi‐Ren , Xia Yu , Jin Wei‐Wei , Liu Chen‐Jiang 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA DMAP (2‐dimethylaminopyridine)‐catalyzed condensation reactions for the successful direct construction of pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole or imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine has been developed. The method utilizes readily available α‐bromocinnamaldehydes with 2‐aminobenzimidazole or 2‐aminoimidazole as starting materials in the presence of 2‐DMAP/TBHP. In the process, two C—N bonds were successfully constructed to synthesize target compounds. The current method features wide substrate scope, product diversification, and metal‐free conditions.