bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD
Authors: Vainieri Isabella , Michelini Giorgia , Adamo Nicoletta , Cheung Celeste H. M. , Asherson Philip , Kuntsi Jonna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adolescence and adulthood, but the processes underlying persistence and remission remain poorly understood. We previously found that reaction time variability and event-related potentials of preparation-vigilance processes were impaired in ADHD persisters and represented markers of remission, as ADHD remitters were indistinguishable from controls but differed from persisters. Here, we aimed to further clarify the nature of the cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD and of markers of remission by examining the finer-grained ex-Gaussian reaction-time distribution and electroencephalographic (EEG) brain-oscillatory measures in ADHD persisters, remitters and controls.MethodsA total of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 age-matched controls were compared on ex-Gaussian (mu, sigma, tau) indices and time-frequency EEG measures of power and phase consistency from a reaction-time task with slow-unrewarded baseline and fast-incentive conditions (‘Fast task’).ResultsCompared to controls, ADHD persisters showed significantly greater mu, sigma, tau, and lower theta power and phase consistency across conditions. Relative to ADHD persisters, remitters showed significantly lower tau and theta power and phase consistency across conditions, as well as lower mu in the fast-incentive condition, with no difference in the baseline condition. Remitters did not significantly differ from controls on any measure.ConclusionsWe found widespread impairments in ADHD persisters in reaction-time distribution and brain-oscillatory measures. Event-related theta power, theta phase consistency and tau across conditions, as well as mu in the more engaging fast-incentive condition, emerged as novel markers of ADHD remission, potentially representing compensatory mechanisms in individuals with remitted ADHD.
Caracalla and the divine: emperor worship and representation in the visual language of Roman Asia Minor
Authors: Calomino Dario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the visual language adopted in the cities of Asia Minor to represent the emperor Caracalla in the years 214–216, which he spent travelling between the Anatolian region, Egypt and the Near East. The focus of this study is the imagery designed to express his relation with the divine through the overlapping representations of the emperor as a devotee and peer of the gods, and as a divine being. The first part of the study compares Rome to Asia Minor to show divergences as well as possible links between provincial and metropolitan media, discussing local and imperial responses to the emperor governing from the Roman East. The second part focuses on the imagery introduced in Asia Minor to represent the worship of the living Roman emperor and his cult-image in particular, providing insights into the creation of extraordinary visual patterns that remained unique to the reign of Caracalla.
TÜRKMEN-KARAHÖYÜK 1: a new Hieroglyphic Luwian inscription from Great King Hartapu, son of Mursili, conqueror of Phrygia
Authors: Goedegebuure Petra , van den Hout Theo , Osborne James , Massa Michele , Bachhuber Christoph , Şahin Fatma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, the authors present a first edition of the recently found inscription TÜRKMEN-KARAHÖYÜK 1, propose an eighth-century dating and explore some of the consequences of this date for the group of inscriptions mentioning Hartapu, son of Mursili.
A landscape-oriented approach to urbanisation and early state formation on the Konya and Karaman plains, Turkey
Authors: Massa Michele , Bachhuber Christoph , Şahin Fatma , Erpehlivan Hüseyin , Osborne James , Lauricella Anthony J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper synthesises the data and results of the Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project (2016–2020) in order to address the earliest evidence for cities and states on the Konya and Karaman plains, central Turkey. A nested and integrative approach is developed that draws on a wide range of spatially extensive datasets to outline meaningful trends in settlement, water management and regional defensive systems during the Bronze and Iron Ages. The significance of the regional centre of Türkmen-Karahöyük for a reconstruction of early state polities between the 13th and eighth centuries BCE is addressed. In light of this regional analysis, it is tentatively suggested that, during the Late Bronze Age, Türkmen-Karahöyük was the location of the city of Tarḫuntašša, briefly the Hittite capital during the reign of Muwatalli II. More assuredly, based on the analysis of the newly discovered Middle Iron Age TÜRKMEN-KARAHÖYÜK 1 inscription, it is proposed that Türkmen-Karahöyük was the seat of a kingdom during the eighth century BCE that likely encompassed the Konya and Karaman plains.
Crowd-assessing quality in uncertain data linking datasets
Authors: Faria Daniel , Ferrara Alfio , Jiménez-ruiz Ernesto , Montanelli Stefano , Pesquita Catia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The quality of a dataset used for evaluating data linking methods, techniques, and tools depends on the availability of a set of mappings, called reference alignment, that is known to be correct. In particular, it is crucial that mappings effectively represent relations between pairs of entities that are indeed similar due to the fact that they denote the same object. Since the reliability of mappings is decisive in order to perform a fair evaluation of automatic linking methods and tools, we call this property of mappings as mapping fairness. In this article, we propose a crowd-based approach, called Crowd Quality (CQ), for assessing the quality of data linking datasets by measuring the fairness of the mappings in the reference alignment. Moreover, we present a real experiment, where we evaluate two state-of-the-art data linking tools before and after the refinement of the reference alignment based on the CQ approach, in order to present the benefits deriving from the crowd assessment of mapping fairness.
The descriptive epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 during the epidemic period in Lu'an, China: achieving limited community transmission using proactive response strategies
Authors: Qin Wei , Sun Jie , Xu Pengpeng , Gong Tianqi , Li Xiude , Liu Lei , Hu Jieying , Wang Yao , Xie Shaoyu , Li Kaichun , Chang Hongwei , Lyu Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHubei province in China has had the most confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and has reported sustained transmission of the disease. Although Lu'an city is adjacent to Hubei province, its community transmission was blocked at the early stage, and the impact of the epidemic was limited. Therefore, we summarised the overall characteristics of the entire epidemic course in Lu'an to help cities with a few imported cases better contain the epidemic. A total of 69 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 11 asymptomatic carriers were identified in Lu'an during the epidemic from 12 January to 21 February 2020. Fifty-two (65.0%) cases were male, and the median age was 40 years. On admission, 56.5% of cases had a fever as the initial symptom, and pneumonia was present in 89.9% of cases. The mean serial interval and the mean duration of hospitalisation were 6.5 days (95% CI: 4.8–8.2) and 18.2 days (95% CI: 16.8–19.5), respectively. A total of 16 clusters involving 60 cases (17 first-generation cases and 43 secondary cases) were reported during the epidemic. We observed that only 18.9% (7/37) index cases resulted in community transmission during the epidemic in Lu'an, indicating that the scale of the epidemic was limited to a low level in Lu'an city. An asymptomatic carrier caused the largest cluster, involving 13 cases. Spread of COVID-19 by asymptomatic carriers represents an enormous challenge for countries responding to the pandemic.
High-resolution spatial distribution ofpCO2in the coastal Southern Ocean in late spring
Authors: Caetano Ludmila S. , Pollery Ricardo C.G. , Kerr Rodrigo , Magrani Fábio , Ayres Neto Arthur , Vieira Rosemary , Marotta Humberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a high-resolution spatial study of ocean surface carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), temperature and salinity coupled with a seismic survey performed in subpolar waters with a variable presence of glaciers along the coastal margins of Admiralty Bay and the Bransfield Strait, northern Antarctic Peninsula, during the late spring season. Three zones were identified in this bay. The shallow and relatively fresh SHALLOW GLACIER THAW zone in the inner portion of the bay had high freshwater inputs from active glacial meltwater channels, representing higherpCO2levels (median ~438 μatm) than the shallow and relatively salty SHALLOW zone without glaciers along the margins and dominated by macroalgae communities at the bottom, which showed relatively lowpCO2levels (median ~371 μatm). The deep and relatively salty CENTRE zone was highly influenced by seawater intrusions from the Bransfield Strait, representing intermediatepCO2levels (median ~397 μatm). The net sea-air CO2fluxes in late spring obtained from the high-resolution surface survey in Admiralty Bay indicate a condition of near neutral air-sea CO2flux, with a median (25–75% interquartile range) value of -0.07 mmol m-2day-1(ranging from -12.21 to +4.33 mmol m-2day-1), contrasting with the slight source to the atmosphere estimated from measurements only in the CENTRE zone. This finding suggests that temperature-sensitive metabolic and physical-chemical processes may cause significant variability in the ocean surface distribution of CO2over short shoreline distances in the northern Antarctic Peninsula.
Glasgow's new town hall: imperialism, nationalism and civic pride, 1877–1889
Authors: Groten Miel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNineteenth-century Glasgow was widely imagined and presented as the proud ‘Second City of the Empire’. This article investigates the implications of this identification with the empire by analysing Glasgow's great town hall, built 1883–89, as the main manifestation of the city's civic pride. It shows how the building's architectural style, sculpture and inauguration ceremonies created a specific image of ‘imperial’ Glasgow which emphasized loyalty to Union and empire. Instead of undermining each other, the layered political allegiances of civic pride, nationalism, unionism and imperialism were mutually reinforcing, shaping the town hall still in use today.
Linguistic knowledge-based vocabularies for Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Casas Noe , Costa-jussà Marta R. , Fonollosa José A. R. , Alonso Juan A. , Fanlo Ramón 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeural Networks applied to Machine Translation need a finite vocabulary to express textual information as a sequence of discrete tokens. The currently dominant subword vocabularies exploit statistically-discovered common parts of words to achieve the flexibility of character-based vocabularies without delegating the whole learning of word formation to the neural network. However, they trade this for the inability to apply word-level token associations, which limits their use in semantically-rich areas and prevents some transfer learning approaches e.g. cross-lingual pretrained embeddings, and reduces their interpretability. In this work, we propose new hybrid linguistically-grounded vocabulary definition strategies that keep both the advantages of subword vocabularies and the word-level associations, enabling neural networks to profit from the derived benefits. We test the proposed approaches in both morphologically rich and poor languages, showing that, for the former, the quality in the translation of out-of-domain texts is improved with respect to a strong subword baseline.
Food purchasing behaviour of shoppers from different South African socio-economic communities: results from grocery receipts, intercept surveys and in-supermarkets audits
Authors: Odunitan-Wayas Feyisayo A , Okop Kufre J , Dover Robert VH , Alaba Olufunke A , Micklesfield Lisa K , Puoane Thandi , Levitt Naomi S , Battersby Jane , Meltzer Shelly T , Lambert Estelle V 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify factors associated with food purchasing decisions and expenditure of South African supermarket shoppers across income levels.Design:Intercept surveys were conducted, grocery receipts collated and expenditure coded into categories, with each category calculated as percentage of the total expenditure. In-supermarket food quality audit and shelf space measurements of foods such as fruits and vegetables (F&V) (healthy foods), snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (unhealthy foods) were also assessed. Shoppers and supermarkets were classified by high-, middle- and low-income socio-economic areas (SEA) of residential area and location, respectively. Shoppers were also classified as “out-shoppers” (persons shopping outside their residential SEA) and “in-shoppers” (persons shopping in their residential SEA). Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and ANOVA.Setting:Supermarkets located in different SEA in urban Cape Town.Participants:Three hundred ninety-five shoppers from eleven purposively selected supermarkets.Results:Shelf space ratio of total healthy foods v. unhealthy foods in all the supermarkets was low, with supermarkets located in high SEA having the lowest ratio but better quality of fresh F&V. The share expenditure on SSB and snacks was higher than F&V in all SEA. Food secure shoppers spent more on food, but food items purchased frequently did not differ from the food insecure shoppers. Socio-economic status and food security were associated with greater expenditure on food items in supermarkets but not with overall healthier food purchases.Conclusion:Urban supermarket shoppers in South Africa spent substantially more on unhealthy food items, which were also allocated greater shelf space, compared with healthier foods.
Food security moderates relationship between perceived food environment and diet quality among adults in communities with low access to healthy food retail
Authors: Gupta Nisha R , Freedman Darcy A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship between food security status, diet quality measured using Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) scores, demographics and the following factors: perceptions of healthy food availability, healthy eating identity and perceived control of healthy eating.Design:A cross-sectional study in 2016–2017 using three 24-h dietary recalls and one psychosocial survey.Setting:Two urban communities in Cleveland and Columbus, Ohio, USA, with low access to healthy food retailers.Participants:Primary food shoppers living in the targeted geographic areas (N450).Results:Our results indicated that high school graduates had lower HEI-2010 scores compared with participants who had some college education or more (β= –2·77,P= 0·02). Participants receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits had lower HEI-2010 scores (β= –2·69,P= 0·03). Healthy eating identity was associated with higher HEI-2010 scores (β= 1·85,P= 0·004). Food security status moderated the relationship between perception of healthy food availability and HEI-2010 scores. Among participants with very low food security (VLFS), greater perceptions of healthy food availability were associated with higher HEI-2010 scores (β= 3·25,P= 0·03), compared with food secure participants. Only 14 % of VLFS participants used a personal vehicle as transportation to their primary food shopping store.Conclusions:Findings offer targets for future intervention development and evaluation to promote community nutrition. These targets include strategies to improve the value of SNAP benefits, promote access to quality education, increase transportation options to healthy food retailers and develop nutrition programming to promote healthy eating identity.
Endogenous IL-2 in Cancer Cells: Immunocytochemical Detection and Biological Significance
Authors: Whiteside T L , Reichert Torsten E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have described previously the presence of IL2R on human carcinoma (CA) cell lines (squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, gastric carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma) and tumors in situ (1,2,). These carcinomas expressed IL2Rβ and γ (intermediate affinity IL2R) and I-labeled IL2 was found to bind to these receptors. Scatchard analyses showed that 13,500 IL2Rβ/cell and about 300 IL2Rα were present on the surface of PCI-1, a SCCHN cell line. The mRNA and proteins for IL2Rβ and γ were consistently detectable in tumor cell lines and fresh tumor tissues. Binding of recombinant IL2 to IL2R resulted in a partial but significant inhibition of tumor cell growth, decreased expression of class I MHC antigens and ICAM-1 on tumor cells and their increased sensitivity to growth-modulating cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α or TGFβ. These effects were IL2-dose dependent, and were optimal at doses &gt;10nM. Anti-IL2Rβ Abs reversed IL2-induced growth inhibition, an indication that exogenous IL2 delivered a negative growth signal to CAs via the β chain of IL2R.
Three- Dmensi0nal(3d) Relationships Between Tumor Cell Proliferation and its Anigiogensis in Human Breast Cancer by Confocal Laser Scanning Miroscopy(CLSM) with Triple-Labeling Immunohistochemistry.
Authors: Itoh J , Yasumura K , Ogawa K , Kawai K , Serizawa A , Osamura R Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There have been considerable interests in the relationship between tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In human breast carcinomas, it has been reported that angiogenesis is an independent prognostic factor and that proliferating factors are closely related with lymph node status. Therefore, the demonstration of proliferating and angiogenetic factors as well as the tumor blood vessels in human breast carcinoma simultaneously is important for clinical evaluation of breast cancer patients.
CLSM has been an exciting new apparatus because of it's more powerful resolution than conventional light microscopy and the high-performance on 3D optical sectioning. Images taken with CLSM can be digitized and made variable for image analysis manipulation and computer-assisted 3D reconstructions.
In the present study, we employed immunohistochemical comparative 3D visualization of proliferating and angiogenstic factors with microvessels in human breast carcinomas by CLSM.
The tissues from the surgically resected breast carcinoma were fixed in cold 4 % paraformaldehyde(PFA) and routinely processed in paraffin wax.
Analysis of Mechanisms of Cellular Injury on the Micrometer Scale
Authors: Burghardt Robert C , Barhoumi Rola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Non-invasive imaging tools using biosensors and biomarkers for defining the function of living cells and tissues are among rapidly emerging technologies being developed to monitor cellular toxicity mechanisms. Commercially available fluorescence probes and naturally occurring fluorescent molecules can be used to quantitatively monitor a number of functional endpoints in cultured cells. Innovative approaches to exploit the sensitivity, spectroscopy and temporal/spatial resolution properties of fluorescent probes may provide sensitive approaches for analysis of the molecular mechanisms of toxicity in cells exposed to a variety of toxicants. Kinetic analysis of multiple cellular parameters such as intracellular glutathione (GSH) and Ca2+ content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial and plasma membrane potentials, intracellular pH, and gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) with cellular component-specific fluorescent probes permits rapid identification of changes in these parameters and the chronology of injury in cells caused by acute toxicant exposure. Cellular signal transduction mechanisms are also likely to be vulnerable to toxic insults.
Intraneuronal Neurofibrillary Tangles Isolated from Alzheimer’ Disease Affected Brains Visualized by Vertical Platinum-Carbon Replication for TEM
Authors: Ruben GC 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) occur with high frequency in brains of patients with Alzheimer' disease (AD). The frequency of NFT directly correlates with the degree of dementia. Extra cellular plaque core amyloid also occurs in high frequently in AD brains when few intraneuronal NFT are present, these individuals are not demented.
The microtubule associated protein (MAP) tau is recognized as the principal constituent in paired helical filaments (PHF) and NFT. NFT contain PHF, amorphous structures containing tau, and a triple-stranded left-hand helical ˜2.1 nm filament similar to tau polymer which has been identified in isolated tangles. Tau is located in nerve cell axons and associates with and stabilizes the microtubules required for axonal transport. Sequestration of tau into tangles and its removal from microtubules not only compromises axonal transport but cripples synaptic communication between nerve cells.
NFT were isolated in the absence of detergent so these gel-like structures (Fig. 1) could be studied at the molecular level.
Liver Toxicity in Rats Fed A Mixture of Pcb Congeners and 2,3,7,8-Tcdd
Authors: Bailey GW , Dimlich RVW , Alexander KB , McCarthy JJ , Pretlow TP , Cornell BJ , Singh A , Chu I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Polyhalogenated aromatic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) continue to be environmental contaminants because of their bioaccumulation in the food chain and high resistance to biodegradation. The current study was undertaken to determine if a mixture of PCB congeners (WHO-IPCS) were interactive with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in producing morphological changes in the rat liver. Both compounds are known to produce a broad range of biochemical and morphological alterations including enzyme induction.
Groups (N=5) of female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered TCDD (0, 2.5, 25, 250, 1000 ng/kg bw/day) or PCB (0, 2, 20 μg/kg bw/day) alone, or in combination with each concentration of both compounds. Incorrect concentrations were published in a previous abstract. The test substance was mixed with corn oil and given by gavage at 2 ml/kg daily for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were killed and liver samples were prepared for transmission electron microscopy.
A TEM and SEM Study of the Effects of Exogenous Calcium Oxalate Crystals on Renal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Vaughn KL , Hackett RL , Kahn SR , Shevock-Scott PN 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When confluent monolayers of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) renal epithelial cells are exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals suspended in the nutrient media, crystals settle onto the cell surface. Here, they become entangled with the specialized membrane structures of cilia and microvilli (Figures 2). The cell membrane surface is structurally altered as patches of membrane devoid of microvilli are found adjacent to the crystal entrapped on the surface (Figure 4). Many COM crystals disappear from the cell surface and appear to be internalized. This phenomenon is seemingly common to all cultured renal epithelial cells. The uptake of crystals appear to increase with time and crystal concentration and stimulates a series of complex reactions. Morphologically, crystal aggregates are contained with intracellular vesicles which appear to be membrane lined (Figure 2,3). In addition, cells exocytose the internalized crystals and in MDCK cells, crystal-cytoplasm complexes can be observed leaving cells at the intercellular junctions.