bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online monitoring of volatile organic compounds emitted from human bronchial epithelial cells as markers for oxidative stress
Authors: Cassagnes L E , Leni Z , Håland A , Bell D M , Zhu L , Bertrand A , Baltensperger U , El Haddad I , Wisthaler A , Geiser M , Dommen J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Particulate air pollution is associated with adverse respiratory effects and is a major factor for premature deaths. In-vitro assays are commonly used for investigating the direct cytotoxicity and inflammatory impacts due to particulate matter (PM) exposure. However, biological tests are often labor-intensive, destructive and limited to endpoints measured offline at single time points, making it impossible to observe the progression of cell response upon exposure. Here we explored the potential of a high-resolution proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) to detect the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) upon exposure to PM. Cells were exposed to single components (1,4-naphthoquinone and Cu(II)) known to induce oxidative stress. We also tested filter extracts of aerosols generated in a smog chamber, including fresh and aged wood burning emissions, as well as α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We found that 1,4-naphthoquinone was rapidly internalized by the cells. Exposing cells to each of these samples induced the emission of VOCs, which we tentatively assigned to acetonitrile, benzaldehyde and dimethylbenzaldehyde, respectively. Emission rates upon exposure to fresh and aged OA from α-pinene oxidation and from biomass burning significantly exceeded those observed after exposure to similar doses of Cu(II), a proxy for transition metals with high oxidative potential. Emission rates of biomarkers from cell exposure to α-pinene SOA exhibited a statistically significant, but weak dose dependence. The emission rates of benzaldehyde scaled with cell death, estimated by measuring the apical release of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase. Particle mass doses delivered to the BEAS-2B cells match those deposited in the human tracheobronchial tract after several hours of inhalation at elevated ambient air pollution. The results presented here show that our method has the potential to determine biomarkers of PM induced pulmonary damage in toxicological and epidemiological research on air pollution.
3D printed titanium scaffolds with homogeneous diamond-like structures mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment and its bone regeneration study
Authors: Pei Xuan , Wu Lina , Zhou Changchun , Fan Hongyuan , Gou Maling , Li Zhengyong , Zhang Boqing , Lei Haoyuan , Sun Huan , Liang Jie , Jiang Qing , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Biofabrication of personalized titanium scaffold mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment is challenging due to its complex geometrical cues. The effect of scaffolds geometrical cues and implantation sites on osteogenesis is still not clear. In this study, personalized titanium scaffolds with homogeneous diamond-like structures mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment were precisely designed and fabricated by selected laser melting method. The effects of different geometric cues, including porosity, pore sizes and interconnection properties, on cellular behavior were investigated. Biomimetic mechanical properties of porous titanium alloy scaffold were predesigned and simulated by finite element analysis. In vitro experiment revealed that homogeneous diamond-like structures mimicking that of the osteocyte microenvironment triggered osteocyte adhesion and migration behavior. Typical implantation sites, including rabbit femur, beagle femur, and beagle skull, were used to study the implantation sites effects on bone regeneration. In vivo experimental results indicated that different implantation sites showed significant differences. This study helps to understand the scaffolds geometrical microenvironment and implantation sites effects on osteogenesis mechanism. And it is beneficial to the development of bone implants with better bone regeneration ability.
Diabetes Distress Among Dyads of Patients and Their Health Supporters: Links With Functional Support, Metabolic Outcomes, and Cardiac Risk
Authors: Lee Aaron A , Heisler Michele , Trivedi Ranak , Obrosky D Scott , Mor Maria K , Piette John D , Rosland Ann-Marie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with diabetes (PWD) often experience diabetes distress which is associated with worse self-management and glycemic control. In contrast, PWD who receive support from family and friends (supporters) have better diabetes outcomes.PurposeTo examine the associations of PWD diabetes distress and supporters’ distress about PWDs’ diabetes with supporters’ roles and PWD cardiometabolic outcomes.MethodsWe used baseline data from 239 adults with Type 2 diabetes and their supporters participating in a longitudinal trial. PWD and supporter diabetes distress (high vs. low) were determined using the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale-5. Outcomes included PWD-reported help from supporters with self-care activities, supporter-reported strain, PWD metabolic outcomes (glycemic control [HbA1c], systolic blood pressure [SBP], and non-HDL cholesterol) and 5 and 10 year risk of cardiac event (calculated using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study algorithm).ResultsPWDs with high diabetes distress were more likely to report that their supporters helped with taking medications, coordinating medical care, and home glucose testing (p’s &lt; .05), but not more likely to report help with diet or exercise. High supporter distress was associated with greater supporter strain (p &lt; .001). High supporter diabetes distress was associated with higher PWD HbA1c (p = .045), non-HDL cholesterol (p = .011), and 5 (p = .002) and 10 year (p = .001) cardiac risk.ConclusionsAdults with high diabetes distress report more supporter help with medically focused self-management but not with diet and exercise. Supporter distress about PWD diabetes was consistently associated with worse outcomes. PWD diabetes distress had mixed associations with their diabetes outcomes.
How to design a hypertension treatment trial that informs care of older people with frailty: a survey of clinicians in Ireland and the UK
Authors: Veenhuizen Miriam , Todd Oliver , Anand Atul , Whiteley Will 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
At all ages, randomised trials demonstrate lower mortality and cardiovascular disease incidence with blood pressure (BP) lowering. However, this may not generalise to older people with frailty. We aimed to determine the acceptability to clinicians of key aspects of trial designs using different BP targets and strategies to better manage hypertension in the context of frailty.

Methods
We conducted a multinational survey of clinicians managing hypertension in older people, distributed using an online survey link amongst professional societies and social networks. Questions described case histories of patients who were frail with different systolic blood pressures (SBP), treatment target, strategy and target trial population.

Results
In total, 114 responses were received (48 primary care, 66 secondary care). A majority would consider recruiting patients to a trial of relaxing treatment in those whose SBP &lt; 130 mm Hg; a majority would consider recruiting to a trial intensifying treatment in patients with SBP &gt; 150 mm Hg. Respondents elected to intensify treatment by: choosing the next step by NICE guidelines, adding a new treatment agent at full dose, or adding two agents at half dose.

Conclusion
A majority of clinicians surveyed would recruit older people to a trial intensifying treatment where SBP is more than 150 mm Hg and where patients have high cardiovascular risk or to a trial relaxing treatment where the SBP is below 130 mm Hg and where the patient has frailty.
Incidence of and Trends in the Leading Cancers With Elevated Incidence Among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations, 2012–2016
Authors: Melkonian Stephanie C , Weir Hannah K , Jim Melissa A , Preikschat Bailey , Haverkamp Donald , White Mary C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer incidence varies among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations, as well as between AI/AN and White populations. This study examined trends for cancers with elevated incidence among AI/AN compared with non-Hispanic White populations and estimated potentially avoidable incident cases among AI/AN populations. Incident cases diagnosed during 2012–2016 were identified from population-based cancer registries and linked with the Indian Health Service patient registration databases to improve racial classification of AI/AN populations. Age-adjusted rates (per 100,000) and trends were calculated for cancers with elevated incidence among AI/AN compared with non-Hispanic White populations (rate ratio of &gt;1.0) according to region. Trends were estimated using joinpoint regression analyses. Expected cancers were estimated by applying age-specific cancer incidence rates among non-Hispanic White populations to population estimates for AI/AN populations. Excess cancer cases among AI/AN populations were defined as observed minus expected cases. Liver, stomach, kidney, lung, colorectal, and female breast cancers had higher incidence rates among AI/AN populations across most regions. Between 2012 and 2016, nearly 5,200 excess cancers were diagnosed among AI/AN populations, with the largest number of excess cancers (1,925) occurring in the Southern Plains region. Culturally informed efforts could reduce cancer disparities associated with these and other cancers among AI/AN populations.
Clinical pharmacist input on HIV management may improve antiretroviral prescribing for psychiatric patients
Authors: Margulis Alice , Uhlyar Stepan , Chin-Beckford Nafeesa , DeRonde Kailynn , Salazar Veronica , Abbo Lilian , Vega Ana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The results of a study to determine the difference in HIV management with clinical pharmacist input in an adult psychiatric hospitalized patient population are reported.

Methods
Single-center, retrospective study of patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital on antiretroviral (ARV) medication(s) from October 2016 to March 2017 (phase I: no pharmacist involvement), October 2017 to March 2018 (phase II: partial pharmacist involvement), and November 2018 to January 2019 (phase III: consistent pharmacist involvement). Patients were excluded if less than 18 years of age, pregnant, incarcerated, or taking ARV medication(s) for non-HIV indications. The primary outcome was difference in appropriateness of ARV therapy prior to and during pharmacist involvement. Secondary outcomes were appropriateness of opportunistic infection (OI) prophylaxis, laboratory testing, and comprehensive HIV management.

Results
Thirty-seven patients were included per phase. An increased number of appropriate ARV regimens were initiated in phase II compared to phase I (62% vs 32%; P = 0.01) and in phase III compared to phase II (84% vs 62%; P = 0.036). Increased laboratory monitoring was seen with partial and consistent pharmacist involvement. Among the patients requiring OI prophylaxis, appropriate prophylaxis was initiated in more patients in phase III (57%) than in phase II (50%) or phase I (11%). More patients had comprehensive HIV management in phase II compared to phase I (38% vs 5%; P &lt; 0.001) and in phase III compared to phase II (46% vs 38%; P = 0.48).

Conclusion
Pharmacist involvement in HIV management in a psychiatric patient population increased appropriateness of ARV therapy, laboratory testing, and OI prophylaxis.
The Utility of an Occupational Contact Dermatitis Patch Test Database in the Analysis of Workplace Prevention Activities in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Holness D Linn , Kudla Irena , DeKoven Joel G , Skotnicki Sandra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Occupational skin diseases are common suggesting that there are still gaps in workplace prevention. Patch test surveillance systems provide an opportunity to collect work related information in addition to clinical information and patch test results.

Objectives
To examine 5 years of data related to workplace prevention by industry sector in a patch test surveillance database for workers with a diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis.

Methods
The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of St Michael’s Hospital. Information including demographics, clinical history, healthcare utilization, and workplace characteristics and prevention practices in addition to patch test results was collected from consenting patients.

Results
Workers in the healthcare and manufacturing sectors were more likely to report workplace training including skin protection training, whereas those in services and construction were less likely to report training.

Conclusions
Collecting basic workplace information with patch test surveillance databases can inform the occupational health and safety system about prevention practices in the workplace and identify areas for focussed intervention.
Non-invasive quantification of inflammation, axonal and myelin injury in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Schiavi Simona , Petracca Maria , Sun Peng , Fleysher Lazar , Cocozza Sirio , El Mendili Mohamed Mounir , Signori Alessio , Babb James S , Podranski Kornelius , Song Sheng-Kwei , Inglese Matilde 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of diffusion basis spectrum imaging in multiple sclerosis at 7 T and to investigate the pathological substrates of tissue damage in lesions and normal-appearing white matter. To this end, 43 patients with multiple sclerosis (24 relapsing-remitting, 19 progressive), and 21 healthy control subjects were enrolled. White matter lesions were classified in T1-isointense, T1-hypointense and black holes. Mean values of diffusion basis spectrum imaging metrics (fibres, restricted and non-restricted fractions, axial and radial diffusivities and fractional anisotropy) were measured from whole brain white matter lesions and from both lesions and normal appearing white matter of the corpus callosum. Significant differences were found between T1-isointense and black holes (P ranging from 0.005 to &lt;0.001) and between lesions’ centre and rim (P &lt; 0.001) for all the metrics. When comparing the three subject groups in terms of metrics derived from corpus callosum normal appearing white matter and T2-hyperintense lesions, a significant difference was found between healthy controls and relapsing-remitting patients for all metrics except restricted fraction and fractional anisotropy; between healthy controls and progressive patients for all metrics except restricted fraction and between relapsing-remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis patients for all metrics except fibres and restricted fractions (P ranging from 0.05 to &lt;0.001 for all). Significant associations were found between corpus callosum normal-appearing white matter fibres fraction/non-restricted fraction and the Symbol Digit Modality Test (respectively, r = 0.35, P = 0.043; r = −0.35, P = 0.046), and between black holes radial diffusivity and Expanded Disability Status Score (r = 0.59, P = 0.002). We showed the feasibility of diffusion basis spectrum imaging metrics at 7 T, confirmed the role of the derived metrics in the characterization of lesions and normal appearing white matter tissue in different stages of the disease and demonstrated their clinical relevance. Thus, suggesting that diffusion basis spectrum imaging is a promising tool to investigate multiple sclerosis pathophysiology, monitor disease progression and treatment response.
Platelet-derived growth factor beta is a potent inflammatory driver in paediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: Ross James L , Chen Zhihong , Herting Cameron J , Grabovska Yura , Szulzewsky Frank , Puigdelloses Montserrat , Monterroza Lenore , Switchenko Jeffrey , Wadhwani Nitin R , Cimino Patrick J , Mackay Alan , Jones Chris , Read Renee D , MacDonald Tobey J , Schniederjan Matthew , Becher Oren J , Hambardzumyan Dolores 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Paediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs) account for the most brain tumour-related deaths in children and have a median survival of 12–15 months. One promising avenue of research is the development of novel therapies targeting the properties of non-neoplastic cell-types within the tumour such as tumour associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are immunosuppressive and promote tumour malignancy in adult HGG; however, in paediatric medulloblastoma, TAMs exhibit anti-tumour properties. Much is known about TAMs in adult HGG, yet little is known about them in the paediatric setting. This raises the question of whether paediatric HGGs possess a distinct constituency of TAMs because of their unique genetic landscapes. Using human paediatric HGG tissue samples and murine models of paediatric HGG, we demonstrate diffuse midline gliomas possess a greater inflammatory gene expression profile compared to hemispheric paediatric HGGs. We also show despite possessing sparse T-cell infiltration, human paediatric HGGs possess high infiltration of IBA1+ TAMs. CD31, PDGFRβ, and PDGFB all strongly correlate with IBA1+ TAM infiltration. To investigate the TAM population, we used the RCAS/tv-a system to recapitulate paediatric HGG in newborn immunocompetent mice. Tumours are induced in Nestin-positive brain cells by PDGFA or PDGFB overexpression with Cdkn2a or Tp53 co-mutations. Tumours driven by PDGFB have a significantly lower median survival compared to PDGFA-driven tumours and have increased TAM infiltration. NanoString and quantitative PCR analysis indicates PDGFB-driven tumours have a highly inflammatory microenvironment characterized by high chemokine expression. In vitro bone marrow-derived monocyte and microglial cultures demonstrate bone marrow-derived monocytes are most responsible for the production of inflammatory signals in the tumour microenvironment in response to PDGFB stimulation. Lastly, using knockout mice deficient for individual chemokines, we demonstrate the feasibility of reducing TAM infiltration and prolonging survival in both PDGFA and PDGFB-driven tumours. We identify CCL3 as a potential key chemokine in these processes in both humans and mice. Together, these studies provide evidence for the potent inflammatory effects PDGFB has in paediatric HGGs.
Decoding Odor Mixtures in the Dog Brain: An Awake fMRI Study
Authors: Prichard Ashley , Chhibber Raveena , King Jon , Athanassiades Kate , Spivak Mark , Berns Gregory S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In working and practical contexts, dogs rely upon their ability to discriminate a target odor from distracting odors and other sensory stimuli. Using awake functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 18 dogs, we examined the neural mechanisms underlying odor discrimination between 2 odors and a mixture of the odors. Neural activation was measured during the presentation of a target odor (A) associated with a food reward, a distractor odor (B) associated with nothing, and a mixture of the two odors (A+B). Changes in neural activation during the presentations of the odor stimuli in individual dogs were measured over time within three regions known to be involved with odor processing: the caudate nucleus, the amygdala, and the olfactory bulbs. Average activation within the amygdala showed that dogs maximally differentiated between odor stimuli based on the stimulus-reward associations by the first run, while activation to the mixture (A+B) was most similar to the no-reward (B) stimulus. To clarify the neural representation of odor mixtures in the dog brain, we used a random forest classifier to compare multilabel (elemental) versus multiclass (configural) models. The multiclass model performed much better than the multilabel (weighted-F1 0.44 vs. 0.14), suggesting the odor mixture was processed configurally. Analysis of the subset of high-performing dogs’ brain classification metrics revealed a network of olfactory information-carrying brain regions that included the amygdala, piriform cortex, and posterior cingulate. These results add further evidence for the configural processing of odor mixtures in dogs and suggest a novel way to identify high-performers based on brain classification metrics.
Latanoprost Quantification in Ocular Implants and Tissues: HPLC-Fluorescence vs HPLC-UV
Authors: Soliman Karim , Jirjees Feras , Sonawane Rahul , Sheshala Ravi , Wang Yujing , Jones David , Singh Thakur Raghu Raj 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Anti-glaucoma latanoprost-loaded ocular implants provide prolonged delivery and enhanced bioavailability relative to the conventional eye drops. This study aims at the development and validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantitative analysis of nanogram levels of latanoprost in the eye, and for the first time, compares the use of fluorescence vs ultraviolet (UV) detectors in latanoprost quantification. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile:0.1% v/v formic acid (60:40, v/v) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and separation was done using a C18 column at temperature 40°C. The fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 265 and 285 nm, respectively, while the UV absorption was measured at 200 nm. The latanoprost concentration-peak area relationship maintained its linearity (R2 = 0.9999) over concentration ranges of 0.063–10 μg/mL and 0.212–10 μg/mL for the fluorescence and UV detectors, respectively. The UV detector showed better precision, while the fluorescence detector exhibited higher robustness and greater sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.021 μg/mL. The fluorescence detector was selected for quantification of latanoprost released from ocular implants in vitro and in porcine ocular tissues. The developed method is a robust, rapid and cost-effective alternative to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for routine analysis of latanoprost released from ocular implants.
Odorous House Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Colony Movement in Response to Moisture, Shade, and Food Proximity
Authors: Toennisson T Aurora , Klingeman William E , Vail Karen M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTapinoma sessile (Say) is a common ant throughout the United States that frequently relocates portions of its nests to form large polydomous colonies in urban areas. Despite widespread research on the control of T. sessile as a nuisance pest, relatively little work has focused on the biology of its nesting behavior and movement. We evaluated shade, moisture, and proximity to food as factors triggering colony movement in laboratory assays. Initially, T. sessile colonies moved to shaded artificial nest sites irrespective of arena moisture. Then, workers and brood were increasingly moved to moist artificial nest sites over time. Colonies moved workers and brood to near-food artificial nest sites over both 1 m and 6 m distances. Queens relocated to near-food nest sites over 1 m distances, but not 6 m distances, during the 49-d study. Results suggest that an increase either in moisture or food in proximity to a residence is likely to account for observed increases in T. sessile abundance near structures.