bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi‐hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation for upper‐limb hemiparesis in acute stroke: a randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled trial
Authors: Bolognini N. , Russo C. , Souza Carneiro M. I. , Nicotra A. , Olgiati E. , Spandri V. , Agostoni E. , Salmaggi A. , Vallar G. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeNeuromodulation is a promising approach to increasing motor recovery in stroke; however, to date, there is a scarcity of evidence documenting the clinical potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) administered in the acute phase of stroke. The present study aims to examine the clinical effects of a treatment involving the application of tDCS in the acute stage post‐stroke.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, sham‐controlled trial. A cohort of 32 stroke patients with severe motor impairment underwent 5 days of treatment with real or sham bi‐hemispheric tDCS over the motor cortex. During the treatment, tDCS was applied twice per day (two daily applications each of 15 min), starting 48 to 72 h after stroke onset.ResultsWe found statistically significant improvements after both real and sham tDCS treatments in primary (hand grip strength, Motricity Index) and secondary (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Barthel Index) outcomes. Patients receiving real tDCS showed a larger improvement of upper‐limb muscle strength at the end of treatment phase; this advantage was no longer present after 6 months.ConclusionsTranscranial direct current stimulation may be used to accelerate the rate of upper‐limb motor recovery during the spontaneous recovery period.
Self‐injurious and suicidal behavior in young adults, teens, and children with epilepsy: A population‐based study
Authors: Wirrell Elaine C. , Bieber Ewa D. , Vanderwiel Alexander , Kreps Samantha , Weaver Amy L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhereas studies in adult epilepsy patients have shown higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempt, such studies in children are limited. Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project database, we compared the risk of self‐injurious behavior and suicidal ideation in a population‐based cohort of childhood epilepsy to controls.MethodsWe studied 339 cases with epilepsy and 678 age‐ and sex‐matched controls followed to a median age of 24.7 and 23.4 years, and identified 98 subjects with self‐injurious behavior or suicidal ideation (43 with epilepsy and 55 controls). All behaviors were categorized using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale.ResultsThose with epilepsy had a significantly higher rate of any self‐injurious behavior and suicidal ideation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04‐2.35) and tended to have an increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempt (HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 0.93‐2.37). The prevalence of preceding mood and substance abuse disorders was similarly high in both cases and controls with self‐injurious behavior or suicidal ideation; however, preceding attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder was more than twice as common in the epilepsy cases. Among cases with epilepsy, we did not identify any specific epilepsy‐related variable that was significantly correlated with risk of self‐injurious behavior or suicidal ideation.SignificanceChildren, teens, and young adults with a history of childhood epilepsy are at greater risk of self‐injurious behavior, highlighting the need for careful screening of mental health concerns as part of routine epilepsy care.
Impact of concurrent treatment with omeprazole on phenylbutazone‐induced equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS)
Authors: Ricord Megan , Andrews Frank M. , Yñiguez Francisco J. M. , Keowen Michael , Garza Frank , Paul Linda , Chapman Ann , Banse Heidi E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhenylbutazone is commonly prescribed for treatment of various painful or inflammatory disorders in horses, but is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects. Anecdotally, many practitioners prescribe omeprazole concurrently with phenylbutazone to reduce development of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS), but the efficacy and safety of this practice remains unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of omeprazole on phenylbutazone‐induced equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) and equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD).Study designRandomised block experimental design.MethodsTwenty‐two horses with EGGD and ESGD scores ≤2 were included. Horses were assigned to treatment groups: phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg PO q 12 h; PBZ), phenylbutazone plus omeprazole (4 mg/kg PO q. 24 h; PBZ/OME) or placebo (CON) in a randomised block design based upon initial EGGD score. Horses were treated for up to 14 days. Gastroscopy was performed weekly; CBC and biochemistry were performed at Day 0 and study end. Horses were monitored for signs of colic and/or diarrhoea.ResultsEGGD score increased in PBZ (median change 1, inter‐quartile range, [IQR], 0‐2) compared to PBZ/OME (median change 0, IQR −1 to 0;P = .05). PBZ/OME (6/8) had more intestinal complications than CON (0/6; difference between proportions = 75%; 95% CI, 23%‐93%;P = .03). Plasma protein concentrations decreased in PBZ, compared to CON (mean difference between groups, 14 g/L; 95% CI, 1.04‐27;P = .03). Five horses were withdrawn from the study due to intestinal complications (n = 3 PBZ/OME and n = 2 PBZ); one horse (PBZ) was withdrawn due to severe grade 4 EGGD.Main limitationsSmall sample size and changes in management for the 2‐3 days prior to study initiation; variable treatment duration among groups due to development of complications.ConclusionsAdministration of omeprazole ameliorated PBZ‐induced EGGD, but was associated with an increase in intestinal complications. Caution should be exercised when co‐prescribing NSAIDs and omeprazole in horses, particularly in association with change in management.
The effect of stress fracture occurring within the first 12 months of training on subsequent race performance in Thoroughbreds in Hong Kong
Authors: Johnston Anna S. , Sidhu Anhadbir B. S. , Riggs Christopher M. , Verheyen Kristien L. P. , Rosanowski Sarah M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRacehorses are at an increased risk of stress fracture within the first 12 months of racing and when resuming training after a break. Research in these high‐risk periods and on the effect of performance post‐recovery is limited.ObjectivesTo describe the occurrence of stress fractures, diagnosed by nuclear scintigraphy (NS), in racehorses’ first 12 months training in Hong Kong, and their impact on racing performance and career length.Study designRetrospective 1:2 matched case‐control study.MethodsClinical records of horses with NS‐diagnosed stress fractures within 365 days of import between 2006 and 2018 were collated. Cases and controls were matched on import date. Univariable conditional logistic regression compared signallment, pre‐fracture training and post‐recovery racing performance between cases and matched controls. Shared Frailty Cox regression analysed time from import to fracture and total career length.ResultsEighty‐seven horses sustained a NS‐diagnosed fracture within their first year in Hong Kong (incidence risk 1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4%‐2.1%; N = 5180]). The humerus (42.0%; 95% CI 31.8%‐52.6%; n = 39) and tibia (28.0%; 95% CI 19.1%‐38.2%; n = 26) were the most common stress fracture sites. Cases missed a median of 63 days (Interquartile range (IQR) 49‐82) of training because of fracture. Within the 12 months following diagnosis, case horses had a median of four (IQR 2‐4,P < .0001) fewer race starts and were down HK$ 206 188 (IQR HK$ 0‐436 800,P = .007) in race earnings compared to controls. Career length did not significantly differ between cases and controls (median 2 years and 3 months; IQR 15.3‐39.1 months;P = .2).Main limitationsOnly stress fractures diagnosed by NS were included, hence, the study is not representative of all stress fractures occurring in racehorses in Hong Kong.ConclusionsRacehorses sustaining a stress fracture within 1 year of entering Hong Kong lost significant time in training, earnings and race starts. However, overall career length was unaffected.
Latitudinal patterns in trophic structure of temperate reef‐associated fishes and predicted consequences of climate change
Authors: Holland Matthew M. , Smith James A. , Everett Jason D. , Vergés Adriana , Suthers Iain M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome dramatic consequences of climate change are caused by shifting species interactions and associated changes to trophic structure and energy flow. In coastal ecosystems, the relative abundance of feeding guilds indicates dominant energy sources sustaining food webs. Here, we use a space‐for‐time substitution to investigate potential climate change impacts on trophic structure and energy flow in reef fish communities. We investigated latitudinal and seasonal patterns in the biomass distribution of five trophic groups across subtropical to temperate latitudes (29 to 44°S) in eastern Australia. Along western boundary currents, temperatures are increasing up to three times faster than the global average, making them ideal for studying climate change impacts. Using 10 years of Reef Life Survey data, we investigated potential determinants of fish biomass and community composition with generalized additive mixed models. Biomass decreased towards higher latitudes, from 220 g/m2 in the subtropics to 13 g/m2 in the south. Dominant trophic group also changed latitudinally, with herbivores and omnivores dominating lower latitudes (~30°S), zooplanktivores at mid‐latitudes (~35°S) and benthic invertivores at higher latitudes (~40°S). Biomass varied seasonally, with lower latitudes experiencing a 3.2‐fold increase between spring and autumn, while variation at higher latitudes was 1.9‐fold. We found strong evidence that factors linked to latitude and seasonality are important determinants in the distribution of fish trophic structure. As climate‐driven species redistributions accelerate in the 21st century, expected poleward shifts in trophic structure include overall increases in fish biomass linked to enhanced herbivory at mid‐latitudes and increased planktivory at higher latitudes.
Precipitation controls seed bank size and its role in alpine meadow community regeneration with increasing altitude
Authors: An Hang , Zhao Yunpeng , Ma Miaojun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau has undergone significant climate warming in recent decades, and precipitation has also become increasingly variable. Much research has explored the effects of climate change on vegetation on this plateau. As potential vegetation buried in the soil, the soil seed bank is an important resource for ecosystem restoration and resilience. However, almost no studies have explored the effects of climate change on seed banks and the mechanisms of these effects. We used an altitudinal gradient to represent a decrease in temperature and collected soil seed bank samples from 27 alpine meadows (3,158–4,002 m) along this gradient. A structural equation model was used to explore the direct effects of mean annual precipitation (MAP) and mean annual temperature (MAT) on the soil seed bank and their indirect effects through aboveground vegetation and soil environmental factors. The species richness and abundance of the aboveground vegetation varied little along the altitudinal gradient, while the species richness and density of the seed bank decreased. The similarity between the seed bank and aboveground vegetation decreased with altitude; specifically, it decreased with MAP but was not related to MAT. The increase in MAP with increasing altitude directly decreased the species richness and density of the seed bank, while the increase in MAP and decrease in MAT with increasing altitude indirectly increased and decreased the species richness of the seed bank, respectively, by directly increasing and decreasing the species richness of the plant community. The size of the soil seed bank declined with increasing altitude. Increases in precipitation directly decreased the species richness and density and indirectly decreased the species richness of the seed bank with increasing elevation. The role of the seed bank in aboveground plant community regeneration decreases with increasing altitude, and this process is controlled by precipitation but not temperature.
‘MAN KANN DER VERANTWORTUNG NICHT ENTRINNEN’: REMEMBERING ROSENSTRASSE SEVENTY‐FIVE YEARS ON
Authors: Potter Hilary 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT27 February 2018 marked the seventy‐fifth anniversary of the Rosenstraße protest in Berlin against the feared deportation of intermarried German‐Jews. This article examines that anniversary, asking what it tells us about remembrance of the protest itself but also about memory trends more generally in a year filled with anniversary activity. It takes the commemorative speech delivered by Bundestag Vice President Petra Pau as the lens through which to analyse the shifting trends in remembrance and their implications. It argues that we are on the cusp of change, with a new memory contest emerging in which the populist right has begun re‐appropriating aspects of the past for their own ends but are contested in this, most notably by the left. Analysing the commemorative speech reveals how the anniversary of the Rosenstraße protest simultaneously ties into wider trends in remembering, through the evocation of Weimar Germany as well as notions of future foreboding, identified by Levi and Rothberg. The article illustrates how remembrance on the seventy‐fifth anniversary proved not only problematic and reductive, but that it also raises the question of whether in fact memory culture is already being shaped by the populist right and that this has gone unrecognised.
THE ANNIVERSARY POLITICS OF 17 JUNE 1953 SINCE 1990
Authors: Millington Richard 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the politics of anniversaries through examination of the role that the anniversary of the East German uprising of 17 June 1953 has played in German politics since 1990. Prior to reunification, West Germany commemorated the date as the ‘Tag der deutschen Einheit’. This annual public holiday was a chance for politicians to express their views on the possibility of German unification and to lambast the East German regime. After 3 October became the ‘Tag der Deutschen Einheit’ in 1990, German politicians all but ignored the anniversary of 17 June until political commemoration of the date enjoyed a revival in 2003. The article argues for a development of Jeffrey K. Olick's framework of ‘genre memory’ regarding the drivers of political mnemonic activity. It shows that, alongside social and political contexts, the contemporary ‘media context’ and its ability to inspire politicians to commemorate a historical anniversary must also be considered. The technology‐led ubiquity of the media in the twenty‐first century enables them to impact the political‐historical agenda as never before. Moreover, the analysis here reveals that the ‘anniversary context’ of a date must also be taken into account. Political actors can be motivated to commemorate a historical anniversary by its perceived links with other significant dates in the same historical canon.
Influence of vegetable oils in the rheology, texture profile and sensory properties of cosmetic formulations based on organogel
Authors: César Francine C.S. , Maia Campos Patrícia M.B.G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe knowledge about how ingredients in formulation can influence the texture profile is an important factor on the development of a cosmetic product. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of vegetable oils in the texture profile, rheological and sensorial properties of cosmetic formulations based on organogel.MethodsFour organogel‐based emulsions were developed and supplemented or not with sunflower, macadamia or olive oils. Analyses of rheological behaviour, texture profile and sensory properties were performed.ResultsThe vegetable oils added to formulation did not alter the pseudoplastic rheological behaviour, but increased the area of hysteresis and reduced the work of shear of the formulations. In addition, the sunflower seed oil increased the consistency index and all texture parameters while the macadamia oil reduced firmness and consistency. The cosmetic formulation based on organogel containing the sunflower seed oil showed the highest score on sensory evaluation.ConclusionThe vegetable oils affected the rheology behaviour, texture profile and sensory properties of the formulations under study. However, the influence of sunflower oil in organogel‐based cosmetic formulation was more pronounced considering texture profile and the response perceived by subjects in the sensorial analysis.
Specific macrophage subsets accumulate in human subcutaneous and omental fat depots during obesity
Authors: Girón‐Ulloa Angélica , González‐Domínguez Erika , Klimek Rebeca S , Patiño‐Martínez Eduardo , Vargas‐Ayala Germán , Segovia‐Gamboa Norma C , Campos‐Peña Victoria , Rodríguez‐Arellano Martha E , Meraz‐Ríos Marco A , Campos‐Campos Salvador F , Sánchez‐Torres Carmen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObesity is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) activation. ATMs from lean mice contribute to tissue homeostasis by their M2‐oriented polarization, whereas obesity leads to an increase of M1 inflammatory ATMs that underlies obesity‐related metabolic disorders. In humans, studies characterizing ATMs and their functional status are limited. Here we investigated ATM phenotype in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue from healthy lean and obese individuals using two molecules previously identified as markers of M1‐like and M2‐like/tissue‐resident macrophages, the C‐type lectin CLEC5A and the scavenger receptor CD163L1, respectively. CD163L1 was expressed by the majority of ATMs, and CD163L1+ ATM density was greater with respect to cells expressing the pan‐macrophage markers CD68 or CD11b. ATM counts in SAT, but not in VAT, increased in obese compared to lean individuals, measured with the three markers. Accordingly, CD163L1, CD68 and ITGAM gene expression was significantly enhanced in obese with respect to control individuals only in SAT. CLEC5A+ ATMs had a proinflammatory profile and were abundant in the lean VAT, but their density diminished in obesity. The only ATM subset that increased its counts in the obese VAT had a mixed M1‐like (CD11c+CD163−CD209−) and M2‐like (CLEC5A−CD206+) phenotype. ATM expansion was dominated by a subset of M2‐like macrophages (CD11c−CLEC5A−CD163+CD206+CD209+) in the obese SAT, with a minor contribution of a CD11c+CLEC5A− ATM subpopulation. Thus, both SAT and VAT seems to limit inflammation during obesity by differentially altering their ATM subset composition.
Beneficial effect of awake prone position in hypoxaemic patients with COVID‐19: case reports and literature review
Authors: Cohen Dor , Wasserstrum Yishay , Segev Amitai , Avaky Chen , Negru Liat , Turpashvili Natia , Anani Sapir , Zilber Eyal , Lasman Nir , Athamna Ahlam , Segal Omer , Shenhav‐Saltzman Gilat , Segal Gad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe hereby present two case reports of moderate coronavirus disease patients, suffering from profound hypoxaemia, further deteriorating later on. A schedule pre‐planned awake prone position manoeuvres were executed during their hospital stay. Following this, the patients' saturation improved, later to be weaned from oxygen support. Paucity of evidence and data regarding this topic led us to review the concept of awake prone position.
New developments in our understanding of ankylosing spondylitis pathogenesis
Authors: Voruganti Aniruddha , Bowness Paul 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common immune‐mediated inflammatory arthritis with a strong genetic predisposition. We review recent data from genetic and animal studies highlighting the importance of Type 17 immune responses. Furthermore, the efficacy (or lack thereof) of different anti‐cytokine monoclonal antibodies has highlighted the diversity of Type 17 immune cells and cytokines critical to AS and related spondyloarthritis pathogenesis. Recent studies have strongly implicated the gut microbiome in AS. Finally, we propose that the local metabolic environment of the joint may have a key role in driving AS, and present a novel model of AS pathogenesis.
Hierarchical Models for the Analysis of Likert Scales in Regression and Item Response Analysis
Authors: Tutz Gerhard 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAppropriate modelling of Likert‐type items should account for the scale level and the specific role of the neutral middle category, which is present in most Likert‐type items that are in common use. Powerful hierarchical models that account for both aspects are proposed. To avoid biased estimates, the models separate the neutral category when modelling the effects of explanatory variables on the outcome. The main model that is propagated uses binary response models as building blocks in a hierarchical way. It has the advantage that it can be easily extended to include response style effects and non‐linear smooth effects of explanatory variables. By simple transformation of the data, available software for binary response variables can be used to fit the model. The proposed hierarchical model can be used to investigate the effects of covariates on single Likert‐type items and also for the analysis of a combination of items. For both cases, estimation tools are provided. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by applying the methodology to a large data set.
Inclusive inheritance for residual feed intake in pigs and rabbits
Authors: David Ingrid , Aliakbari Amir , Déru Vanille , Garreau Hervé , Gilbert Hélène , Ricard Anne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon‐genetic information (epigenetic, microbiota, behaviour) that results in different phenotypes in animals can be transmitted from one generation to the next and thus is potentially involved in the inheritance of traits. However, in livestock species, animals are selected based on genetic inheritance only. The objective of the present study was to determine whether non‐genetic inherited effects play a role in the inheritance of residual feed intake (RFI) in two species: pigs and rabbits. If so, the path coefficients of the information transmitted from sire and dam to offspring would differ from the expected transmission factor of 0.5 that occurs if inherited information is of genetic origin only. Two pigs (pig1, pig2) and two rabbits (rabbit1, rabbit2) datasets were used in this study (1,603, 3,901, 5,213 and 4,584 records, respectively). The test of the path coefficients to 0.5 was performed for each dataset using likelihood ratio tests (null model: transmissibility model with both path coefficients equal to 0.5, full model: unconstrained transmissibility model). The path coefficients differed significantly from 0.5 for one of the pig datasets (pig2). Although not significant, we observed, as a general trend, that sire path coefficients of transmission were lower than dam path coefficients in three of the datasets (0.46 vs 0.53 for pig1, 0.39 vs 0.44 for pig2 and 0.38 vs 0.50 for rabbit1). These results suggest that phenomena other than genetic sources of inheritance explain the phenotypic resemblance between relatives for RFI, with a higher transmission from the dam's side than from the sire's side.