bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Determinants and Equity of Family Planning Utilization after the Implementation of a National Health Insurance Policy in Indonesia: A Secondary Analysis of The 2012-2016 National Socio-Economic Survey of Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Siti Khadijah , Mahendradhata Yodi , Trisnantoro Laksono 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The Indonesian government has been implementing the National Health Insurance Policy (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional-JKN) since 2014. The utilization of family planning service is one of the programs to increase maternal and child health status that is included in the benefit package in JKN. This study aimed to describe determinants and to evaluate JKN based on equity indicators, especially in family planning services. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2012-2016 National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) of Indonesia. Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) and Long-acting contraceptives (LACs) use were used as indicators to evaluate family planning utilization. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used to analyze the data. Respondents were married women between 15 and 49 years of age. Results: There was no progress in CPR after the implementation of JKN. At the national level, CPR decreased within five years (2012-2016). Decreasing in urban areas and in the group that does not have health insurance were more than in rural areas and in the group that has health insurance. Utilization of non-LACs, especially injection (56%-57%) and pill (21%-24%), were still high within 2012-2016. At the national level, LACs use increased 3.18% between 2012-2016 (15.54%-18.72%). Increasing in urban areas and in the group that has subsidized health insurance were more than in rural areas and in the group that does not have subsidized. In 2016, the geography factor (rural-urban) and household economic status associated negatively with the use of overall contraceptive methods (p<0.05). Conversely, all the determinants were positively associated with LACs use (p<0.05). Conclusions: Up to 2016, the JKN program did not increase CPR. Conversely, the JKN program obtained only small increases in LACs use. LACs use in rural areas is less than in urban areas. JKN program can increase LACs use in the group that has subsidized health insurance. CPR and LACs coverage could increase through health system improvement, and the societal norms approach. Health system improvement is operationalized through improving supply-side and regulations, increasing coordination among multiple agencies in the family planning program.
Using Polio GIS Maps to Increase Coverage during Mass Immunization Campaigns in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Mahmud Mahmud Zubairu , Seaman Vincent , Mahmud Mustafa Zubairu , Touray Kebba Masireh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Historically, vaccinators struggled to reach all settlements during mass polio campaigns in northern Nigeria because of poor micro plans. This made it difficult to attain the high immunization coverage necessary to interrupt transmission of polio virus in the region. The objective of this study was to devise a means to reach all settlements - Built-Up Areas (BUAs), Small Settlements (SSAs), and Hamlet Areas (HAs) - visible on satellite imagery and thereby significantly increase the overall coverage during mass polio immunization campaigns.Methods. The procedure by which geographic information system GIS drawn maps can be used to improve immunization coverage is presented, along with the extent to which the maps increase immunization coverage when incorporated into team micro plans in northern Nigeria. The method involves training on map comprehension to relevant health workers and vaccination campaign or Immunization Plus Days (IPDs) personnel - who are then able to use the GIS Ward maps to create clusters of settlements, roughly equal in population, commensurate with the total number of vaccination teams allocated to the ward. The maps were then used to guide IPDs personnel in providing polio immunization services to all households in the ward during the January 2019 mass polio immunization campaign. The study area was a distinct and homogeneous geographical area called Horserizum Ward in Hong Local Government Area (LGA) of Adamawa state, Nigeria. The study population was comprised of all resident households or members of the communities (totaling 19,698 persons by the recent local census) in the Ward.Results. At the conclusion of the January campaign, the number of settlements in the Ward unreached by health workers (as shown by the GIS dashboard, www.vts.eocng.org) was compared to previous polio immunization campaigns when no GIS maps were used to guide vaccination activities. Results revealed an immunization coverage for hamlet areas HAs (which is the main settlement type where coverage needed to be improved) of 82% (for January 2019 campaign) versus 43% during the previous campaign held in December 2018.Conclusions. The results were statistically significant (P< 0.0000001, t = 5.175.) and we conclude that, using GIS maps to guide vaccination activities (GIS micro planning) has a very significant positive impact on immunization coverage, especially in rural, hard-to-reach, or scattered settlements.
Beyond the carbon footprint: Virtual conferences increase diversity, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Skiles Matthew , Yang Euijin , Reshef Orad , Muñoz Diego , Cintron Diana , Lind Mary Laura , Rush Alexander , Armani Andrea , Faust Kasey , Kumar Manish 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Among many roles, conferences disseminate research, grow professional networks, and train employees. They also significantly contribute to climate change due to their sizable carbon footprint. More recently, additional negative aspects have surfaced. Namely, they present significant barriers to achieving Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). Here, we perform a meta-analysis of events that transitioned to virtual formats during the COVID-19 pandemic and show that this approach may provide a solution. Our analysis compared demographic and travel data of the same scientific conferences. When evaluating DEI, we considered factors including cost, gender, career stage, and geographic location. Costs associated with attending in-person conferences varied between 3% to 142% of attendees’ regional annual per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP). An increase in the fractional make-up of 2020 virtual conference delegations was observed for students (29% to 43%). Notable increases in attendance were observed for women (66% to 253% increase) and non-research-intensive countries (29% to 482% increase).
Expectant mothers’ value drivers at the maternity hospital: evidences from a monocentric study.
Authors: Buccoliero Luca , Pitrelli Domenico , Bellio Elena , Saviane Chiara , Annovi Giulia , Scannapieco Gianluigi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background – Patient experience is recognized as one of the key elements of quality control within healthcare organizations, becoming crucial for a competitive growth strategy. In fact, delivering patient-centered healthcare experiences is seen as one of the basic requirements of good quality care. Women have been largely invisible in patient centered satisfaction research, especially if considering women needs during pregnancy and labor. The aim of this paper is to understand the experiential value drivers of expectant mothers through a holistic experiential marketing perspective. This paper enlightens the elements of in-hospital stays from different perspectives, contributing to a better and more exhaustive understanding of the patient’s needs and preferences.Methods – Three studies were designed and conducted referring to a maternal and child health hospital: two focus groups involving expectant and new mothers (study 1), a qualitative analysis to understand the online overall sentiment regarding hospital experiences during pregnancy (study 2) and a survey with collected data analyzed through SEM to identify the most influential and significant factors affecting women’s overall satisfaction in the in-hospital stay (study 3).Results – The qualitative research returned some valuable insights on the role of interaction with staff, information quality and brand. Sentiment analysis revealed the relevance of online patient experience. Finally, the quantitative SEM analysis confirmed that the relationship between patients and staff and patient empowerment impact the most on the overall satisfaction. Furthermore, the brand value plays a mediating role in this positive relationship.Conclusions – Results suggest to prioritize the establishment of strong human relationships between clinical staff and patients, based on the availability of high quality clinical information. The conducted studies through their main finding, could support an improvement in the process of care based on expectant mothers’ needs and behaviours.
Multicenter Clinical Investigation of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus Infection
Authors: Lin Dongfang , Guo Yan , Yang Yang , Wu Shi , Zheng Yonggui , Zhu Demei , Hu Fupin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To understand the clinical characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infection.Methods: The clinical characteristics of patients with VRE infection, members of CHINET Bacterial Drug Resistance Monitoring Network, in 2016, were analyzed and compared to patients with vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus (VSE) infection patients.Results: Urinary tract infection was the main type, followed by bloodstream infection and intraabdominal infection. Compared to VSE infection, VRE infection is observed in more patients who have intravenous catheterization and undergo dialysis. In addition, the proportion of patients complicated with shock, multiple organ failure, and other bacterial and fungal infections is high, the clinical outcome is poor, the hospitalization expenses are high, and the hospitalization duration is prolonged. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that intravenous catheterization was an independent risk factor for VRE infection.Conclusions: Intravenous catheterization is an independent risk factor for VRE infection. Thus, clinical measures should be strengthened to prevent VRE infection.
Concealing messages at the atomic-thin level by reaching the limit of writing
Authors: Hou Chao , Yang Qirong , Guan Jianxin , Deng Jingwen , Xu Zihan , Yu Zhihao , Zheng Junrong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The evolution of writing system reflects the development of civilization. Using single molecular layer “ink” to record invisible messages on an atomic-layered paper represents the ultimate thinness of classical writing system and steganography. A stable and convenient atomic-thin information steganography under ambient conditions is realized by using a monolayer of water as ink, an atomic layer of MoS2 as paper, and a laser as pen. Physically adsorbed monolayered water molecules produce p-type doping to the substrate MoS2 monolayer, leading to the enhancement of its photoluminescence (PL). Information is written on a monolayer of MoS2 by using laser to remove surface water with designed patterns and is read out by PL imaging. The information is transparent to visible light and can retain for many days until erased by a humidification treatment. The method reaches the thinnest limit of writing and achieves repeatable data storage on an atomic layer under ambient conditions, providing a promising approach to steganography and towards high-density storage media at the atomic-thin level.
Sorafenib-induced Aquaporin-3 Downregulation is Coupled With Proliferation Inhibition and Increased Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Malale Kija , Fu Jili , Qiu Liewang , Zhan Ke , Gan Xiuni , Mei Zhechuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Sorafenib is the only targeted therapy promising to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its long-term clinical efficacy is limited due to chemotherapy resistance. The lack of a full understanding of the anti-tumor mechanism of sorafenib in HCC is attributed to the difficulties in understanding the mechanism of drug resistance. In recent years, a large number of preclinical and clinical data have confirmed the catalytic role of aquaporin-3 (AQP3) in a variety of tumors including HCC, but none of the studies reported the regulatory mechanism of AQP3 during sorafenib treatment. This study examined the effect of sorafenib on the expression of AQP3 in HCC cells and determined whether the effect is associated with cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptotic.
Methods

mRNA and protein levels of AQP3 in hepatoma cell lines exposed to sorafenib or UO126 were detected via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. The effect of AQP3 expression changes on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry. In addition, western blotting detected proteins involved in the regulation of proliferation and cell cycle progression.
Results

The results showed that AQP3 was down-regulated in all cell lines exposed to sorafenib or UO126 in a concentration dependent manner. The downregulation of AQP3 successfully inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and increased cell apoptosis, while the reverse was true when AQP3 was overexpressed. Western blotting results showed that in AQP3 knockdown cells, the amounts of Erk, Akt, p53, p-Erk, p-Akt and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) decreased, while the amounts of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), p21 and p-p53 increased.
Conclusion

This study found that sorafenib may inhibit proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest, and increase apoptosis of HCC cells by regulating the expression of AQP3.
Changes in Drug Use Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Monitoring a Vulnerable Group by Hair Analysis
Authors: Gili Alessio , Bacci Mauro , Aroni Kyriaki , Nicoletti Alessia , Gambelunghe Angela , Mercurio Isabella , Gambelunghe Cristiana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
From March 22 until May 18, 2020, a complete lockdown in Italy was ordered by the government as a drastic and unprecedented countermeasure against the COVID-19 pandemic. Social isolation measures affect some populations more than others, and people with mental and drug and/or alcohol disorders are more likely to be adversely affected by home confinement. The literature on substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic is still nascent, but past research on other large-scale disasters suggests a modification in drug use patterns. This study presents for the first time experimental laboratory data on the use of alcohol and drugs in a high-risk population during Italy's first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
Thirty subjects with substance use disorders were monitored for the use of traditional drugs and alcohol every 3 months before, during and after lockdown by the analysis of hair, a biological matrix that permits retrospective evaluations.
Results
There was a general decrease in the use of traditional drugs during the lockdown: the number of samples positive for heroin, cocaine, MDMA and cannabis fell considerably and then resumed to pre-lockdown levels when the period of confinement was over. Interestingly, the consumption of benzodiazepines and alcohol followed the opposite trend. The number of benzodiazepine-positive samples increased and remained high even at the end of the lockdown. Similarly, alcohol consumption underwent a significant increase during the period of confinement and remained high even after the lockdown restrictions were lifted.
Conclusions
Confinement measures produced significant changes in drug/alcohol use patterns with a shift towards the use of substances that are more easily accessible and used for the self-medication of stress, anxiety, irritability, depressive symptoms and insomnia. Furthermore, the combined use of alcohol and benzodiazepines can alleviate the negative effects of abstinence from drugs that are no longer easily available. It is concerning that the levels of alcohol and benzodiazepine consumption have remained high even after the lockdown. Mixing benzodiazepines and alcohol can result in a number of serious short-term and long-term effects, which inevitably place further pressure on drug addiction and health services during and after the pandemic.
One-Pot Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle for Bromophenol Blue Adsorption and Its Antifungal Activity Against Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Akpomie Kovo , Ghosh Soumya , Gryzenhout Marieka , Conradie Jeanet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) have gained attention in recent years due to their multifunctional uses, potent adsorptive potential and effective antifungal activities. Despite these desirable characteristics, ZnONP has not been used for the adsorption of bromophenol blue (BRB) and tests as antifungal agents against certain important filamentous fungal strains have been limited. In this research, ZnONP was prepared via a facile one-pot synthetic approach and applied in the adsorption of BRB and as an antifungal agent against the filamentous fungi and plant pathogens; Alternaria alternata CGJM3078, Alternaria alternata CGJM3006 and Fusarium verticilliodes CGJM3823. The ZnONP was characterized by the UV, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, SEM, TEM, and EDX techniques, which showed efficient synthesis. The characteristics ZnO UV absorption band was observed at 375 nm, while the XRD showed an average ZnONP crystalline size of 47.2 nm. The SEM and TEM images showed an irregular shaped and aggregated porous structure of 65.3 nm average-sized ZnONPs. The Freundlich, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models showed R2 > 0.9494 and SSE < 0.7412, thus, exhibited the best fit to the isotherm and kinetics of adsorption. Adsorption thermodynamics revealed feasible, endothermic, random, and spontaneous adsorption of BRB onto the synthesized ZnONPs. The antifungal assay conducted, depicted strong antifungal activities against all three tested fungal cultures. A model was proposed on what causes this antifungal effect. This research demonstrated the potent use of ZnONP for the adsorption of BRB and as effective antifungal agents.
DRD2 Taq1A Polymorphism-Related Brain Volume Changes in Parkinson’s Disease: Voxel-Based Morphometry
Authors: Ohira Kenji , Yokota Hajime , Hirano Shigeki , Nishimura Motoi , Mukai Hiroki , Horikoshi Takuro , Sawai Setsu , Yamanaka Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Kakeda Shingo , Kuwabara Satoshi , Tanaka Tomoaki , Uno Takashi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Taq1A polymorphism is a DRD2 gene variant located in an exon of the ANKK1 gene and has an important role in the brain’s dopaminergic functions. Some studies have indicated that A1 carriers have an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD) and show poorer clinical performance than A2 homo carriers. Previous studies have suggested that A1 carriers had fewer dopamine D2 receptors in the caudate and increased cortical activity as a compensatory mechanism. However, there is little information about morphological changes associated with this polymorphism in patients with PD. The study aim was to investigate the relationship between brain volume and Taq1A polymorphism in PD using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Based on Taq1A polymorphism, 103 patients with PD were divided into two groups: A1 carriers (A1/A1, A1/A2) and A2 homo carriers (A2/A2). The volume of the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly decreased in A2 homo carriers compared to A1 carriers. This finding supports the association between Taq1A polymorphism and brain volume in PD and may explain the compensation of cortical function in A1 carriers with PD.
The Effect of Gender on COVID-19 Infections and Mortality in Germany: Insights from Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of Contact Rates, Infections, and Deaths
Authors: Dörre Achim , Doblhammer Gabriele 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRecent research points towards age- and sex-specific transmission of COVID-19 infections and their outcomes. The effect of sex, however, has been overlooked in past modelling approaches of COVID-19 infections. Aim: The aim of our study is to develop an age- and sex-specific model of COVID-19 transmission and to explore how contact changes effect COVID-19 infection and death rates. MethodWe consider a compartment model to establish forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic, in which the compartments are subdivided into different age groups and genders. Estimated contact patterns, based on other studies, are incorporated to account for age- and sex-specific social behaviour. The model is fitted to real data and used for assessing hypothetical scenarios with regard to lockdown measures. ResultsUnder current mitigation measures as of mid-August, active COVID-19 cases will double by the end of October 2020. Infection rates will be highest among the young and working ages, but will also rise among the old. Sex ratios reveal higher infection risks among women than men at working ages; the opposite holds true at old age. Death rates in all age groups are twice as high among men as women. Small changes in contact rates at working and young ages may have a considerable effect on infections and mortality at old age, with elderly men being always at higher risk of infection and mortality. ConclusionsOur results underline the high importance of the non-pharmaceutical mitigation measures in low-infection phases of the pandemic to prevent that an increase in contact rates leads to higher mortality among the elderly. Gender differences in contact rates, in addition to biological mechanisms related to the immune system, may contribute to sex-specific infection rates and their mortality outcome. To further explore possible pathways, more data on COVID-19 transmission is needed which includes socio-demographic information.
Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment through Aurea Helianthus Extract and Induced Exosomes
Authors: Park Yoonjin , Lee Kyunghwa , Kim Suhng Wook , Lee Min woo , Kim Boyong , Lee Seung Gwan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) cells metastasize to various regions, including ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, blood, liver, bone, and brain. Various carcinogens cause EC. Exosomes are released from several types of cells and contain different components depending on cellular types. Although tocopherol- α and rutin were high components in Aurea helianthus, the Aurea elianthus extract was enormously useful in modulating tumor microenvironment contrasted to the two substances. Notably, we established that the extract induced bioactive exosomes in EC cells, and profiling of miRNAs in the extract inducing exosomes (EIE) present potency to develop a biological drug. The extract and EIE contributed to the following five biological categories for EC cells: (1) suppressed migration and invasion; (2) activated cellular senescence by attenuating mitochondrial membrane potential and enhancing autophagy; (3) attenuated eproductive cancer activity; (4) activated drug susceptibility; and (5) EIE contained miRNA associated with decreasing inflammation.