bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional quality of life as potential mediators of the association between anxiety and depression among Chinese health-care clinicians
Authors: Xie Guojun , Li Wendy , McDermott Brett 
Published: March 2020

Objective Building upon the tripartite model of anxiety and depression, the current study aims to examine mechanisms of comorbidity between anxiety and depression using the ProQOL (Professional Quality of Life; including the constructs of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction) in a sample of Chinese health-care clinicians. Method A randomized cross-sectional survey was distributed to 1620 participants who were recruited from eight state-owned hospitals in a city in southern China between January and May 2017. A total of 1562 questionnaires were returned (a response rate of 96.4%). After the cases with more than 10% missing variables and multivariate outliers being removed, 1423 valid cases remained. Multiple mediator models were used for mediation analysis that was conducted using the PROCESS v3.1 macro for SPSS. Results The indirect effects of anxiety upon depression through burnout (a1 = . 601 (95% confidence interval (CI): .552, .650), p < .001; b1 = .137 (95% CI: .101, .174), p < .001) and compassion satisfaction (a3= −.297 (95% CI: −.352, −.241), p < .001; b3 = −.069 (95% CI: −.100, −.039), p < .001) were significant, while there was no evidence that anxiety influenced depression by changing secondary traumatic stress. The indirect effects of depression upon anxiety through secondary traumatic stress (a2 = . 535 (95% CI: .483, .588), p < .001); b2 = .154 (95% CI: .120, .188), p < .001) were both positive and significant, while there was no evidence that depression influenced anxiety by changing burnout and compassion satisfaction. Conclusions In the current sample, burnout and compassion satisfaction mediated the effect of anxiety upon depression and secondary traumatic stress mediated the effect of depression upon anxiety. The findings of the current study offer support to the tripartite model.
Associations between appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status of children attending the School Kids Intervention Program
Authors: Jani Rati , Agarwal Cathy K , Golley Pip , Shanyar Nicola , Mallan Kimberley , Chipchase Lucy 
Published: March 2020

Background: The nexus between appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status has predominantly been studied in a mixed sample (healthy weight, overweight and obese sample). Aim: This cross-sectional study examined associations between overweight/obese children’s appetitive traits, dietary patterns and weight status. Methods: We studied children ( N = 58, body mass index z-score: 2.25±0.46), 4–12 years attending the School Kids Intervention Program. Children’s appetitive traits and dietary patterns were measured with the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and Children’s Dietary Questionnaire, respectively. Children’s height and weight were used to compute body mass index z-score; waist circumference was also measured and waist-to-height ratio was calculated. Results: After controlling for children’s age and gender, hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that lower scores for slowness in eating were associated with higher body mass index z-scores in children (β = −0.31, p = 0.01). Higher scores for emotional overeating were associated with higher waist-to-height ratio in children (β = 0.48, p = 0.01). Higher scores for fussiness were correlated with lower scores for fruits and vegetables (β = −0.59, p < 0.001) and higher scores for non-core foods (β = 0.26, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Results observed in the current sample of overweight and obese children are consistent with previous studies examining healthy-weight children. Slowness in eating may foster an obesity ‘protective’ effect, whereas emotional overeating may promote susceptibility to weight gain. Fussy eating may impair diet quality by lower consumption of vegetables and fruits and higher intake of non-core foods. This evidence will support dietitians to consider children’s appetitive traits when providing dietary consultation to support obesity management among overweight/obese children.
IPO Underpricing and Media Sentiments: Avenue Supermarts and Vaswani Industries
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Singh Shveta , Yadav Surendra S. 
Published: March 2020

This case tries to analyse the impact of media sentiments on Initial Public Offering (IPO) underpricing. To delve deeper into the concept, two firms (Avenue Supermarts and Vaswani Industries Limited) are considered in this case, and the significance of media sentiments on IPO underpricing is highlighted. Through these two real-life examples, the case could show that the manner in which media reports an IPO can significantly impact their first-day returns. 1 This highlights the emerging role of qualitative data apart from quantitative data in explaining the dilemma of IPO underpricing. This case will try to encourage the discussion in the class regarding the role of media in explaining the reasons for high over/under priced IPOs. This facilitates discussion on the emerging role of behaviour finance in decision-making. This case also provides new learning to students regarding dealing with qualitative data in finance and basics of sentiment analysis. Dilemma: How to match the expectation of the market for pricing of an IPO. Theory: Information asymmetry Type of the case: Decisional and applied Protagonist: Not needed Options Underwriters can price the IPO below the price institutional investors are ready to pay or above it. Discussions and Case Questions What is the role of institutional investors? What will happen if the locking period is waived for the institutional investors? What are the sources of information for retail investors? Describe the role of media in influencing the sentiment of small investors.
Danone India: The Challenges of Expanding into an Emerging Market
Authors: Pandey Pallavi , Yadav Rambalak 
Published: March 2020

The case is about struggles of Danone India, a French based firm that envisioned high stakes in the Indian dairy market but had to exit early due to its inability to adapt to the Indian market conditions. The firm had a vision of “giving fresh impetus to the business and conquering the world” that transcended boundaries by providing healthier dairy products to the customers. Danone plans to expand into emerging markets by 2020, an endeavor driving 12 percent of its dairy business. The 22-billion-USD French food giant entered in India in the year 2010. It forayed into India’s dairy market with milk products such as flavored yogurt, buttermilk, cold coffee, curd, and smoothies. Danone was known to excel in its nutrition-based products, which were more than 90 percent of the business in India. However, having covered 200,000 retail outlets in 20 cities once, Danone struggled to expand and failed to capture the Indian dairy market, leading to its exit in 2018. Dilemma: How much will the nutritional product market get affected by Danone’s decision to quit the milk product market? Theory: Environment scanning and selecting the right strategy to quit Type of the case: Observation-based applied single case study Protagonist: Not needed. Case written with information drawn from secondary sources Options: Out of the various exit strategies such as acquisition, merger, IPO, or shutting down operations, why did Danone choose the last option? Discussions and case questions: The case discusses the reasons for the failure of the Danone milk business in India. Was pricing the most dominant factor behind the exit of Danone from India? Further, the case also discusses what lessons Danone should learn from its milk segment failure in India that may help it grow in the nutrition business in India. How can the company withstand the competition in the category of nutritional products? Will the firm re-enter the Indian market in the near future?
Comparison of Four Implant-Supported Fixed Rehabilitation Options of the Edentulous Mandible: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kucukkurt Sercan , Tukel Huseyin Can 
Published: March 2020

Aim: This study aims to compare four implant-supported rehabilitation concepts of an edentulous mandible and determines the most biomechanically advantageous technique. Materials and Methods: Five models with four implants in different configurations were formed: four axial interforaminal implants, All-on-4 concept (two anterior axial and two posterior distally tilted implants), All-on-4v4 concept (four distally tilted interforaminal implants), All-on-4W (two anterior mesially tilted and two posterior distally tilted implants), and two axial interforaminal implants and two posterior extra-short implants. Straumann bone-level (4.1 × 12 mm) and tissue-level (4.1 × 4 mm) extra-short implants were used for this study. Spherical loadings from canine and molar regions were applied to evaluate tension, compression, and von Mises stresses by implementing 3D finite element analysis. Results: Among the alternative concepts, the classic All-on-4 and the All-on-4v4 techniques were the most successful treatment option in biomechanical terms. On the other hand, the use of extra-short implants in the posterior region was found to be the last method of choice. This was because of the high stresses on bones in most conditions, even though it balances the forces from the molar region on the implants. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the classic All-on-4 and the All-on-4v4 techniques were the most successful treatment options in biomechanical terms for the rehabilitation of an edentulous mandible with four implant-supported fixed full-arch prostheses.
How soon do single mothers have another child? A competing risk analysis of second premarital childbearing in sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Odimegwu Clifford O. , Olamijuwon Emmanuel O. , Chisumpa Vesper H. , Akinyemi Joshua O. , Singini Mwiza G. , Somefun Oluwaseyi D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
A considerable number of previous studies have examined the trends, correlates, and consequences of premarital childbearing among adolescents and young women in Africa. However, very little is known about whether and how soon single mothers have another premarital birth in sub-Saharan African countries. This study examines the timing of a second premarital birth among single mothers and assesses how it may differ across key socio-demographic variables.

Methods
We pooled recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 25 sub-Saharan African countries to create a database of 57, 219 single mothers aged 15–49 years. Cumulative incidence graphs and Fine and Gray’s competing risk models were used to delineate the timing of a second premarital birth and its socio-demographic correlates.

Results
More than one-third of single mothers in 16 countries have had a second premarital birth in their reproductive life. We also observed that more than 15% of the single mothers in Angola, Benin, the Republic of Chad, Liberia, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, have had another premarital birth three years after the first. The incidence of a second premarital birth was significantly lower among women with secondary or higher education, compared to women with less than secondary education (p < 0.05) in most countries. Residence in an urban area compared to rural, was also significantly associated with a low incidence of second premarital birth in 10 countries (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Findings indicate a rapid progression to having a second premarital birth in some sub-Sahara African countries, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged women. The findings suggest the need for tailored interventions for improving the quality of life of single mothers, to reduce the associated burden and consequences of having a premarital birth.
Impact of a health marketing campaign on sugars intake by children aged 5–11 years and parental views on reducing children’s consumption
Authors: Bradley Jennifer , Gardner Grace , Rowland Maisie K. , Fay Michaela , Mann Kay , Holmes Richard , Foster Emma , Exley Catherine , Don Bosco Ann , Hugueniot Orla , Moynihan Paula 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The association between Free Sugars intake and non-communicable diseases such as obesity and dental caries is well documented and several countries are taking measures to reduce sugars intakes. Public Health England (PHE) instigated a range of approaches to reduce sugars, including a national health marketing campaign (Sugar Smart). The campaign aimed to raise awareness of the amount of sugars in foods and drinks and to encourage parents to reduce their children’s intake. The aim of this study was to determine whether the campaign was effective in altering dietary behaviour, by assessing any impact of the campaign on sugars intake among children aged 5–11 years. Parental perceptions of the campaign and barriers to reducing sugars intake were also explored.

Methods
Parents of 873 children aged 5–11 years, identified from an existing PHE database, were invited to take part. Dietary information was collected online using Intake24 before, during, and at 1, 10 and 12 months following the campaign. Change in sugars intake was assessed using mixed effects linear regression models. One-to-one telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of parents to explore perceptions of the campaign and identify barriers and facilitators to reducing children’s sugars intake.

Results
Completion rates for dietary assessment ranged from 61 to 72% across the follow up time points. Qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with 20 parents. Total sugars intake decreased on average by ~ 6.2 g/day (SD 43.8) at peak campaign and the percentage of energy from total sugars significantly decreased immediately and 1 year post campaign. The percentage of energy from Free Sugars significantly decreased across all time points with the exception of the long term follow up at 12-months post campaign. The percentage of energy intake from total fat increased. Parents expressed a willingness to reduce sugars intakes, however, identified barriers including time constraints, the normalisation of sugary treats, and confusing information.

Conclusions
A health marketing campaign had a positive impact in reducing sugars intake but reductions in sugars were not sustained. Parents want to reduce their child’s sugars intake but societal barriers and confusion over which sources of sugars to avoid hamper efforts to change.
Contralateral C7 transfer to axillary and median nerves in rats with total brachial plexus avulsion
Authors: Liu Yuzhou , Xiao Feng , Zhuang Yongqing , Lao Jie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Contralateral cervical 7 nerve (cC7) was used to repair two recipient nerves simultaneously for patients with total brachial plexus avulsion (TBPA).

Objective
To evaluate the effect of cC7 transfer to axillary and median nerves in rats with TBPA.

Methods
Eighty S-D rats were divided into 4 groups randomly on average. Group A: cC7-median nerve, Group B: cC7-axillary nerve, Group C: cC7-median and axillary nerves, Group D: TBPA without repair. The evaluation tools included behavioral tests, electromyogram (EMG), measurement of cross-sectional area of muscle fiber, nerve fiber count and gene expression assay.

Results
The effective rates of EMG were 90 and 70% in Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) in Group A and C, while 70 and 60% in deltoid (DEL) in Group B and C, respectively. In behavioral test, the differences of effective rates between groups were not significant. The mean cross-sectional area of FCR in Group A or C was significantly larger than that in Group D. Either the number of median or axillary nerve fibers in Group A, B or C was statistically more than that in Group D. No matter for FCR or DEL, there were no significant differences in the ratios of relative expression of Muscle Atrophy F-box(MAFBOX)and Muscle RING Finger 1(MURF1)among these groups.

Conclusion
Compared with cC7 transfer to median nerve, cC7 transfer to both median and axillary nerves did not affect median nerve recovery. The deltoid muscle also could be restored. The recovery proportion of axillary nerve was less than that of median nerve.
Using motivational interviewing to reduce parental risk related behaviors for early childhood caries: a pilot study
Authors: Blue Christine M. , Arnett Michelle C. , Ephrem Hiwet , Lunos Scott , Ruoqiong Chen , Jones Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDecades of epidemiological studies have documented high rates of early childhood caries (ECC) among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) children. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention improved oral self-care behaviors of AIAN caregivers of infants, and determine if the MI intervention promoted positive changes in caregivers’ ECC risk-related behaviors.MethodsCaregivers of infants presenting for well- child visits in a medical clinic were randomized to treatment and control groups. At the first visit, a caries risk test (CRT) for cariogenic bacteria was completed for both groups. The Parental Care of Child’s Teeth (PCCT) was administered at the second visit and used to assess ECC risk-related behaviors. Over the course of four well-child visits, caregivers in the treatment group participated in a MI discussion focusing on behavior changes and desired outcomes for their personal oral health and their child’s. The duration of the intervention was 1 year. The control group was given oral health information traditionally provided at well-child visits. At the fourth well-child visit, the CRT and PCCT questionnaire were administered again.ResultsThe mean bacterial load for mutans streptococcus (MS) was similar at both visits. A slight reduction in the mean bacterial levels of lactobacilli was observed in both the test and control groups after the last visit, although not at a level of statistical significance. The treatment group showed minimal improvement in child feeding practices and nighttime bottle habits.ConclusionsMotivational Interviewing had little effect on oral self-care behaviors as measured by bacterial load, nor did MI reduce parental risk related behavior for early childhood caries.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov#NCT04286256. Retrospectively registered, February 26, 2020.
Melatonin antagonizes lipopolysaccharide-induced pulpal fibroblast responses
Authors: Kantrong Nutthapong , Jit-Armart Piyabhorn , Arayatrakoollikit Uthaiwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPulpal inflammation is known to be mediated by multiple signaling pathways. However, whether melatonin plays regulatory roles in pulpal inflammation remains unclear. This study aimed at elucidating an in situ expression of melatonin and its receptors in human pulpal tissues, and the contribution of melatonin on the antagonism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-infected pulpal fibroblasts.MethodsMelatonin expression in pulpal tissues harvested from healthy teeth was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. Its receptors, melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2), were also immunostained in pulpal tissues isolated from healthy teeth and inflamed teeth diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis. Morphometric analysis was subsequently performed. After LPS infection of cultured pulpal fibroblasts, cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) transcripts were examined by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Analysis of mRNA expression was performed to investigate an antagonism of LPS stimulation by melatonin via COX and IL-1 β induction. Mann-Whitney U test and One-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis to determine a significance level.ResultsMelatonin was expressed in healthy pulpal tissue within the odontoblastic zone, cell-rich zone, and in the pulpal connective tissue. Furthermore, in health, strong MT1 and MT2 expression was distributed similarly in all 3 pulpal zones. In contrast, during disease, expression of MT2 was reduced in inflamed pulpal tissues (P-value< 0.001), but not MT1 (P-value = 0.559). Co-culturing of melatonin with LPS resulted in the reduction of COX-2 and IL-1 β expression in primary pulpal fibroblasts, indicating that melatonin may play an antagonistic role to LPS infection in pulpal fibroblasts.ConclusionsHuman dental pulp abundantly expressed melatonin and its receptors MT1 and MT2 in the odontoblastic layers and pulpal connective tissue layers. Melatonin exerted antagonistic activity against LPS-mediated COX-2 and IL-1 β induction in pulpal fibroblasts, suggesting its therapeutic potential for pulpal inflammation and a possible role of pulpal melatonin in an immunomodulation via functional melatonin receptors expressed in dental pulp.
Sensitivity to gene dosage and gene expression affects genes with copy number variants observed among neuropsychiatric diseases
Authors: Yamasaki Maria , Makino Takashi , Khor Seik-Soon , Toyoda Hiromi , Miyagawa Taku , Liu Xiaoxi , Kuwabara Hitoshi , Kano Yukiko , Shimada Takafumi , Sugiyama Toshiro , Nishida Hisami , Sugaya Nagisa , Tochigi Mamoru , Otowa Takeshi , Okazaki Yuji , Kaiya Hisanobu , Kawamura Yoshiya , Miyashita Akinori , Kuwano Ryozo , Kasai Kiyoto , Tanii Hisashi , Sasaki Tsukasa , Honda Makoto , Tokunaga Katsushi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Copy number variants (CNVs) have been reported to be associated with diseases, traits, and evolution. However, it is hard to determine which gene should have priority as a target for further functional experiments if a CNV is rare or a singleton. In this study, we attempted to overcome this issue by using two approaches: by assessing the influences of gene dosage sensitivity and gene expression sensitivity. Dosage sensitive genes derived from two-round whole-genome duplication in previous studies. In addition, we proposed a cross-sectional omics approach that utilizes open data from GTEx to assess the effect of whole-genome CNVs on gene expression.

Methods
Affymetrix Genome-Wide SNP Array 6.0 was used to detect CNVs by PennCNV and CNV Workshop. After quality controls for population stratification, family relationship and CNV detection, 287 patients with narcolepsy, 133 patients with essential hypersomnia, 380 patients with panic disorders, 164 patients with autism, 784 patients with Alzheimer disease and 1280 healthy individuals remained for the enrichment analysis.

Results
Overall, significant enrichment of dosage sensitive genes was found across patients with narcolepsy, panic disorders and autism. Particularly, significant enrichment of dosage-sensitive genes in duplications was observed across all diseases except for Alzheimer disease. For deletions, less or no enrichment of dosage-sensitive genes with deletions was seen in the patients when compared to the healthy individuals. Interestingly, significant enrichments of genes with expression sensitivity in brain were observed in patients with panic disorder and autism. While duplications presented a higher burden, deletions did not cause significant differences when compared to the healthy individuals. When we assess the effect of sensitivity to genome dosage and gene expression at the same time, the highest ratio of enrichment was observed in the group including dosage-sensitive genes and genes with expression sensitivity only in brain. In addition, shared CNV regions among the five neuropsychiatric diseases were also investigated.

Conclusions
This study contributed the evidence that dosage-sensitive genes are associated with CNVs among neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, we utilized open data from GTEx to assess the effect of whole-genome CNVs on gene expression. We also investigated shared CNV region among neuropsychiatric diseases.