bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between dietary intake and serum biomarkers of long-chain PUFA in Japanese preschool children
Authors: Ando Emiko , Morisaki Naho , Asakura Keiko , Ogawa Kohei , Sasaki Satoshi , Horikawa Reiko , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:Recent research supports the importance of PUFA intake in children, particularly of EPA and DHA; however, few verified methods to assess whether PUFA intake is adequate are available.Design:We assessed the correlation between serum PUFA and lipid concentrations with seafood and PUFA intake measured using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire for Japanese preschool children (BDHQ3y).Setting:Single centre birth cohort in Japan.Participants:A total of 152 36-month-old Japanese children.Results:Average dietary intake of daily seafood, EPA and DHA was 13·83 (sd 10·36) g, 49·4 (sd 43·5) mg and 98·3 (sd 64·6) mg, respectively. Significant weak-to-moderate correlations were observed between dietary intake and serum EPA (Spearman rho = 0·41, P < 0·001; Pearson r = 0·44, P < 0·001); DHA (Spearman rho = 0·40, P < 0·001; Pearson r = 0·42, P < 0·001) and AA (arachidonic acid) (Spearman rho = 0·33, P < 0·001; Pearson r = 0·32, P < 0·001), whereas no significant correlation was observed for dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) (Spearman rho = 0·06, P = 0·484; Pearson r = 0·07, P = 0·387). Correlations between seafood intake and serum EPA and DHA were also moderate (0·39–0·43). A negative correlation between serum TAGs and serum EPA, as well as positive correlations between serum cholesterol (total cholesterol, LDL and HDL) with serum EPA and DHA were observed, whereas no significant correlations between seafood intake and serum lipid profiles. Based on this model, we estimated 61–98 g/week of seafood intake is required to meet current EPA/DHA intake recommendations by the WHO (100–150 mg/d).Conclusions:For children of 2–4 years of age, weekly intake of 61–98 g of seafood is required to meet WHO recommendations of EPA/DHA intake.
The sleeper effect of perceived insufficient milk supply in US mothers
Authors: Whipps Mackenzie DM , Demirci Jill R 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To test whether perception of insufficient milk (PIM) supply in the breast-feeding relationship of one child predicts how long mothers breast-feed subsequent children, and whether this association differs for first-time mothersv. mothers with previous children.Design:Secondary analysis of Infant Feeding Practices Study II (ordinary least squares regression) and Year 6 follow-up.Setting:Mailed, self-report survey of US mother–infant dyads, 2005–2012.Participants:Women pregnant with a singleton were recruited from a consumer opinion panel. Exclusion criteria included: mother age <18; infant born <5 lbs, born before 35 weeks or with extended NICU stay, and mother or infant diagnosed with condition that impacts feeding. A subsample with PIM data (n1460) was analysed.Results:We found that women who weaned because of PIM with the index child stopped breast-feeding 5·7 weeks earlier than those who weaned due to other reasons (4·9 weeks earlier for multiparas,P< 0·001; 7·1 weeks earlier for primiparas,P< 0·001). Using Year 6 follow-up data (n350), we found subsequent child 1 weaned 9·2 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a multipara (P= 0·020) and 10·6 weeks earlier if the mother experiences PIM as a primipara (P= 0·019). For subsequent child 2 (n78), the magnitude of association was even larger, although insignificant due to low power.Conclusions:These findings indicate that PIM may carry forward in the reproductive life course, especially for first-time mothers. Perceptions of breast milk insufficiency and contributors to actual inadequate milk supply with the first child should be targeted, rather than intervening later in the reproductive life course.
Prone treatment position as a novel option for head and neck cancer patients with unmanageable secretions
Authors: Kellogg Andrea , Ahmad Salahuddin , Henson Christina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Supine orientation is the standard treatment position for radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Some patients, however, cannot tolerate this due to pooling of secretions and airway concerns, and theoretically, treatment would be better tolerated in a prone position. Here, we described the first prone treatment setup and delivery for a patient with head and neck cancer.Methods:A 68-year-old male patient with inoperable locally advanced, T4aN0M0, squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus was simulated, planned, and treated in prone position due to sinus congestion.Results:Prone position was well tolerated by the patient, who then did not require daily anaesthesia for airway secretion management. The prone dosimetry demonstrated good target coverage and normal tissue sparing. His treatment setup was found to be reproducible throughout the course of therapy.Conclusions:We successfully demonstrated the feasibility of prone treatment position for patients with head and neck cancer who are unable to tolerate supine position due to unmanageable secretions. Consideration should be given to prone treatment when designing both radiation therapy protocols and individual treatment plans.
Inferring In Situ Hydraulic Pressure From Induced Seismicity Observations: An Application to the Cooper Basin (Australia) Geothermal Reservoir
Authors: Baisch Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn approach is proposed for estimating in situ reservoir pressure changes based on induced earthquakes with overlapping slip patches. The approach is independent of absolute (tectonic) stresses and can also be applied in a scenario where the (unknown) tectonic stresses are strongly heterogeneous. Based on Coulomb friction, the approach makes use of the fact that stress‐strength conditions are in equilibrium at the time of seismic activation. Coseismic stress changes inferred from seismogram recordings provide the stress‐state relative to the failure stress immediately after seismic activation. If the same fracture patch is seismically activated again, relative changes of fluid pressure, that is, the fluid pressure change at which stress‐strength conditions reach equilibrium again, can be inferred from the stress‐deficit when accounting for stress re‐load from neighboring patches. The performance of the technique is demonstrated using a data set of 20,736 earthquakes induced during a hydraulic injection experiment in a geothermal reservoir in the Cooper Basin, Australia. The spatial hypocenter distribution indicates that the seismicity mainly occurred on a single‐layer structure with slip direction controlled by the regional stress field as evidenced by fault mechanisms. Due to the high earthquake density, interearthquake stress interaction is pronounced. The spatial stress impact associated with each earthquake is simulated using a slider‐block type propagation pattern based on Okada's analytical solutions. Using the scalar seismic moment determined from S‐wave spectra, the spatio‐temporal evolution of hydraulic pressure changes is inferred on a reservoir scale. Results indicate that hydraulic flow is most pronounced into NW‐SE direction.
Wintertime Coastal Upwelling in Lake Geneva: An Efficient Transport Process for Deepwater Renewal in a Large, Deep Lake
Authors: Reiss Rafael S. , Lemmin U. , Cimatoribus A. A. , Barry D. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCombining field measurements, 3‐D numerical modeling, and Lagrangian particle tracking, we investigated wind‐driven, Ekman‐type coastal upwelling during the weakly stratified winter period 2017/2018 in Lake Geneva, Western Europe's largest lake (max. depth 309 m). Strong alongshore wind stress, persistent for more than 7 days, led to tilting and surfacing of the thermocline (initial depth 75–100 m). Observed nearshore temperatures dropped by 1°C and remained low for 10 days, with the lowest temperatures corresponding to those of hypolimnetic waters originating from 200 m depth. Nearshore current measurements at 30 m depth revealed dominant alongshore currents in the entire water column (maximum current speed 25 cm s−1) with episodic upslope transport of cold hypolimnetic waters in the lowest 10 m mainly during the first 3 days. The observed upwelling dynamics were well reproduced by a 3‐D hydrodynamic model (RMSE 0.2°C), whose results indicated that upwelled waters spread over approximately 10% of the lake's main basin surface area. Model‐based Lagrangian particle tracking confirmed that upwelled waters originated from far below the thermocline, that is, >150 m depth, and descended back to around 150–200 m depth over a wide area after wind stress ceased. Observational and particle tracking results suggest that wintertime coastal upwelling, which can occur several times during winter, is an overlooked transport process that is less sensitive to the effects of global warming than convective cooling. It can provide an effective but complex 3‐D pathway for deepwater renewal in Lake Geneva, and other large, deep lakes with a sufficiently long wind fetch.
Control of the Oceanic Heat Content of the Getz‐Dotson Trough, Antarctica, by the Amundsen Sea Low
Authors: Dotto Tiago S. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Wåhlin Anna K. , Bacon Sheldon , Holland Paul R. , Kimura Satoshi , Tsamados Michel , Herraiz‐Borreguero Laura , Kalén Ola , Jenkins Adrian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe changing supply of warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) to the West Antarctic continental shelf is responsible for the basal melting and thinning of the West Antarctic ice shelves that has occurred in recent decades. Here we assess the variability in CDW supply, and its drivers, from a multiyear mooring deployed in, and a regional ocean model spanning, the Getz‐Dotson Trough, Amundsen Sea. Between 2010 to 2015, the CDW within the trough underwent a pronounced cooling and freshening, associated with changes in thermohaline properties on isopycnals. Variability in the rate of CDW inflow is controlled by local wind forcing of a shelf break undercurrent, which determines the hydrographic properties of inflowing CDW via tilting of density surfaces above the continental slope. Local wind is coupled to the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) low‐pressure system, which is modulated by large‐scale climatic modes via atmospheric teleconnections. For the period analyzed, a deeper ASL was associated with westward wind anomaly at the shelf break. Changes in the sea surface slope decelerated the shelf break undercurrent, resulting in less heat accessing the continental shelf and, consequently, a cooling of the Getz‐Dotson Trough. Therefore, the present work suggests that the fate of the West Antarctic ice shelves is closely tied to the future evolution of the ASL.
Hidden Production: On the Importance of Pelagic Phytoplankton Blooms Beneath Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Clement Kinney Jaclyn , Maslowski Wieslaw , Osinski Robert , Jin Meibing , Frants Marina , Jeffery Nicole , Lee Younjoo J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent observations suggest that substantial phytoplankton blooms occur under sea ice on Arctic continental shelves during June and July. This is opposed to the traditional view that no significant biomass is produced in sea‐ice covered waters. However, no observational estimates are available on the Arctic‐wide primary production beneath sea ice. Here, using a fully coupled Arctic system model, we estimate that 63%/41% of the total primary production in the central Arctic occurs in waters covered by sea ice that is ≥50%/≥85% concentration. The total primary production there is increasing at a rate of 5.2% per decade during 1980–2018. Increased light transmission, due to the removal of sea ice, more extensive melt ponds, and thinner sea ice, is implicated as the main cause of increasing trends in primary production.
The Characteristics of Near‐Equatorial North Pacific Low PV Water and Its Possible Influences on the Equatorial Subsurface Ocean
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Wen Zhibin , Hu Haibo , Song Zhenya , Liu Guoqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing SODA oceanic reanalysis data, the subduction rate and low potential vorticity (PV) water masses in the North Pacific are investigated from January 1870 to December 2008. A new low PV water mass with a large subduction rate is found near‐equatorial North Pacific, which is named as the near‐equatorial North Pacific low PV water mass (NELPVW), and it is the only one low PV water mass in North Pacific that appears an increasing trend under global warming. Among all the low PV water masses in North Pacific, only Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (EMW) and NELPVW can migrate to the equatorial Pacific and effect subsurface oceanic temperature (SOT) there. Further research shows that the subducted low PV water mass in EMW generation region can migrate to equatorial Pacific through two transport paths, which are called the Western‐EMW path and the Central‐EMW path. The analysis of Lagrange tracking shows that EMW can migrate and bring SOT anomaly to equatorial Pacific along these paths in 7 years and lead to the almost precisely opposite distributions of equatorial Pacific SOT anomaly between the strong and weak EMW subduction years, while it takes the newly discovered NELPVW less than 3 years to reach the equatorial Pacific along the Western‐NELPVW path or the Eastern‐NELPVW path after subduction. The distributions of equatorial Pacific SOT anomaly in the strong and weak NELPVW subduction years are approximately reverse too. The actual distribution of the equatorial Pacific SOT is affected by these two low PV water masses at the same time.
TOMOREF Operator for Assimilation of GNSS Tomography Wet Refractivity Fields in WRF DA System
Authors: Trzcina Estera , Hanna Natalia , Kryza Maciej , Rohm Witold 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography is a technique that aims to obtain a 3‐D field of humidity in the troposphere. It is based on observations of GNSS signal delays between satellites and ground‐based receivers. The technique has been developed in recent years, showing positive results in the monitoring of severe weather events. The previous studies on assimilation into the numerical weather prediction models are based on available observation operators which are not adjusted to the GNSS tomography data. In this study, we demonstrate an observation operator TOMOREF dedicated to the assimilation of the GNSS tomography‐derived 3‐D fields of wet refractivity in a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Data Assimilation (DA) system. The new tool has been tested based on wet refractivity fields derived during a heavy precipitation event. The results were validated using radiosonde observations, synoptic data, ERA5 reanalysis, and radar data. In the presented experiment, a positive impact of the GNSS tomography data assimilation on the forecast of relative humidity (RH) has been noticed (an improvement of root‐mean‐square error up to 0.5%). Moreover, the validation of the precipitation forecasts reveals the positive impact of the GNSS data assimilation within 1 hr after assimilation (the mean bias values are reduced up to 0.1 mm). Additionally, it was observed that assimilation of GNSS tomography data has a greater influence on the WRF model than the Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) observations, which proves the potential of the GNSS tomography data for weather forecasting.
Anthropogenic Impacts on Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide Since the 19th Century Inferred From Polar Firn Air and Ice Core Measurements
Authors: Aydin M. , Britten G. L. , Montzka S. A. , Buizert C. , Primeau F. , Petrenko V. , Battle M. B. , Nicewonger M. R. , Patterson J. , Hmiel B. , Saltzman E. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbonyl sulfide (COS) was measured in firn air collected during seven different field campaigns carried out at four different sites in Greenland and Antarctica between 2001 and 2015. A Bayesian probabilistic statistical model is used to conduct multisite inversions and to reconstruct separate atmospheric histories for Greenland and Antarctica. The firn air inversions cover most of the 20th century over Greenland and extend back to the 19th century over Antarctica. The derived atmospheric histories are consistent with independent surface air time series data from the corresponding sites and the Antarctic ice core COS records during periods of overlap. Atmospheric COS levels began to increase over preindustrial levels starting in the 19th century, and the increase continued for much of the 20th century. Atmospheric COS peaked at higher than present‐day levels around 1975 CE over Greenland and around 1987 CE over Antarctica. An atmosphere/surface ocean box model is used to investigate the possible causes of observed variability. The results suggest that changes in the magnitude and location of anthropogenic sources have had a strong influence on the observed atmospheric COS variability.
Slab Detachment, Mantle Flow, and Crustal Collision in Eastern Sicily (Southern Italy): Implications on Mount Etna Volcanism
Authors: Barreca G. , Branca S. , Corsaro R. A. , Scarfì L. , Cannavò F. , Aloisi M. , Monaco C. , Faccenna C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew data and interpretations of the geodynamics of eastern Sicily point to deep crustal shortening taking place in the area. Reconstructions of the lithospheric system, seismicity distribution, and stress state in the crust indicate that deformation is expressed by a large thrust‐ramp cutting through the entire lower plate. The tectonic structure is propagating directly beneath the Mount Etna volcano, one of the few active volcanoes in Europe. Geostructural interpretation of tomographic sections allows for interpretations of the compressional structure as originating in response to trench‐parallel breakoff of the Ionian slab. Following the simple assumption that if a slab retreats, it must either be compensated or alternatively pushed by the fore‐arc mantle, we argue that the opening of a gateway in the slab has encouraged the fore‐arc mantle to flow toward the Mount Etna region. Mantle mobilization has had a twofold influence on both magmatic source mixing and the inception of underplating processes beneath the Mount Etna. A shortening prevailing over extension in the crust below the volcano seems to have a significant impact on the dynamics of the Mount Etna volcanic system, which manifested through anomalous signals over the last thousands of years. Since a tectonic inversion of previous dilatational magma pathways is expected in such a converging setting, the documented variations are believed to be consistent with a volcano experiencing a declining phase. Comparison with other extinct volcanic systems in the southern Tyrrhenian margin, lying atop a detached slab and involved in contraction, provides insights into the evolution of Mount Etna.
Development of an artificial antibody specific for HLA/peptide complex derived from cancer stem-like cell/cancer-initiating cell antigen DNAJB8
Authors: Tadano Hiroki , Tsukahara Tomohide , Mizushima Emi , Akamatsu Asuka , Watanabe Kazue , Nojima Iyori , Kubo Terufumi , Kanaseki Takayuki , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Sato Noriyuki , Torigoe Toshihiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Peptide-vaccination therapy targeting tumour-associated antigens can elicit immune responses, but cannot be used to eliminate large tumour burden. In this study, we developed a therapeutic single-chain variable-fragment (scFv) antibody that recognises the cancer stem-like cell/cancer-initiating cell (CSC/CIC) antigen, DNAJB8.

Methods
We screened scFv clones reacting with HLA-A24:20/DNAJB8-derived peptide (DNAJB8_143) complex using naive scFv phage-display libraries. Reactivity and affinity of scFv clones against the cognate antigen were quantified using FACS and surface plasmon resonance. Candidate scFv clones were engineered to human IgG1 (hIgG1) and T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody (CD3xJB8). Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and bispecific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (BADCC) were assessed.

Results
scFv clones A10 and B10 were isolated after bio-panning. Both A10-hIgG1 and B10-hIgG1 reacted with DNAJB8-143 peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells and HLA-A24(+)/DNAJB8(+) renal cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma cell lines. A10-hIgG1 and B10-hIgG1 showed strong affinity with the cognate HLA/peptide complex (KD = 2.96 × 10−9 M and 5.04 × 10−9 M, respectively). A10-hIgG1 and B10-hIgG1 showed CDC against HLA-A24(+)/DNAJB8(+) cell lines. B10-(CD3xJB8) showed superior BADCC to A10-(CD3xJB8).

Conclusion
We isolated artificial scFv antibodies reactive to CSC/CIC antigen DNAJB8-derived peptide naturally present on renal cell carcinoma and sarcoma. Immunotherapy using these engineered antibodies could be promising.
Photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter under ZnO-catalyzed artificial sunlight irradiation system
Authors: Nguyen Thao Thi , Nam Seong-Nam , Kim Jungryul , Oh Jeill 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) under ZnO-assisted artificial sunlight system at various conditions (ZnO dosage, pH, and the presence of Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3−). The results show that the degradation of DOM follows a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrices coupled with parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis decomposes DOM into two fluorophores (C1 and C2). The total removals and photodegradation rates calculated with DOC, UV254, and the Fmax of C1 are similar, increasing with higher ZnO dosages and being highest in pH 7 and lowest in pH 4. ZnO dosage has a similar effect on DOM degradation when assessed using C2, as with C1, but pH effect is not consistent. As for the anions, HCO3− shows the strongest inhibition for DOC, UV254 and C1 while Cl− has the strongest facilitation effect for C2. The total removal and photodegradation rates calculated with the Fmax of C1 and C2 are higher than those calculated using DOC and UV254. This study demonstrates that the successful application of EEM-PARAFAC analysis in addition to traditional parameters can provide further insight into the photocatalytic degradation mechanisms associated with DOM in conjunction with a ZnO catalyst under artificial sunlight.
Reevaluation of motoneuron morphology: diversity and regularity among motoneurons innervating different arm muscles along a proximal–distal axis
Authors: Fukuda Satoshi , Maeda Hitoshi , Sakurai Masaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDendritic fields of spinal motoneurons (MNs) are popularly believed to be stellate; however, variation in dendritic arborization, especially concerning the innervated muscle groups, has not been systematically studied. We addressed this problem by injecting Neurobiotin through patch-pipettes into single MNs (rat cervical cord slices) that had been retrogradely labelled from innervated muscle groups situated along a proximal (here named “scapular” including serratus anterior) to distal (forearm) axis. MNs had fairly straight dendrites with small numbers of mainly proximal branches that exhibited acute branch angles, leaving large areas around the cells with no dendrites. MNs in the same group of pools showed similar morphologies, but there were clear differences among groups. Forearm MNs (n = 35) showed hemidirectionally-extended multipolar dendrites, whereas scapular MNs (n = 15) had bipolar dendrites, and pectoralis MNs (n = 20) had an intermediate morphology. MNs thus showed a spectrum of morphologic characteristics along the axis. This may be because more distally-located forearm muscles are involved in finer movements and need a wider variety of inputs for neural control than proximally-located muscles. We also devised a quantitative method for evaluating the degree to which a cell’s dendritic field displays a symmetric spherical shape; only 20% of MNs tested reached this criterion.