bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and Degradation Mechanismof Si-based Photocathodes for Water Splitting with Ultrathin TiO2 Protection Layer
Authors: Ronge Emanuel , Cottre Thorsten , Welter Katharina , Smirnov Vladimir , Ottinger Natalie Jacqueline , Finger Friedhelm , Kaiser Bernhard , Jaegermann Wolfram , Jooss Christian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, we study mechanisms which determine the stability of Silicon photocathodes for solar driven water splitting. Such tandem or triple devices can show a promising stability as photocathodes if the semiconductor surface is protected by an ultrathin TiO2 protection layer. Using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with Cl-precursors, 4–7 nm thick TiO2 layers can be grown with high structural perfection. The layer can be electrochemically covered by Pt nanoparticels serving as electro-catalysts. However, Cl-remnants which are typically present in such layers due to incomplete oxidation, are the origin of an electrochemical degradation process. After 1 h AM1.5G illumination in alkaline media, circular shaped corrosion craters appear in the topmost Si layer, although the TiO2 layer is intact in most parts of the crater. The crater development is stopped at local inhomogenities with a higher Pt coverage. The observations suggests that reduced Titanium species due to Cl−/O2− substitution are nucleation sites of the initial corrosion steps due to enhanced solubility of reduced Ti in the electrolyte. This process is followed by electrochemical dissolution of Si, after direct contact between the electrolyte and the top Si layer surface. To increase the stability of TiO2 protected photocathodes, formation of reduced Ti species must be avoided.
Orientación y diversidad: Por una educación valiosa para todos y todas
Authors: Artavia Aguilar Cindy , Fallas Vargas Manuel Arturo 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 15 de marzo de 2012 • Corregido 10 de noviembre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012En una sociedad altamente cambiante y compleja, llena de desafíos en todos los ámbitos, es fundamental plantearnos nuevos paradigmas educativos que respondan a las necesidades de las diversas poblaciones. En este escrito presentamos una reflexión sobre la disciplina de la orientación y el propósito de asumir este reto con responsabilidad, con ética y con un posicionamiento crítico de las realidades sociales. Se reflexiona sobre la capacidad de crear espacios inclusivos para todos los seres humanos; donde se retome la educación inclusiva como un paradigma emergente dentro de la cultura de la diversidad y se refleje su aplicación, de forma directa, en la cotidianidad de esta labor.
Efficacy of fixed dose of triple combination of perindopril-indapamide-amlodipine in obese patients with moderate-to-severe arterial hypertension: an open-label 6-month study
Authors: Koval Sergiy M. , Snihurska Iryna O. , Starchenko Tetyana G. , Penkova Marina Yu. , Mysnychenko Olga V. , Yushko Kostyantin O. , Lytvynova Olga M. , Vysotska Olena , Berezin Alexander E. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Arterial hypertension (AH) remains the most common cardiovascular (CV) risk factor worldwide.
Methods: Seventy five moderate-to-severe hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity aged from 48 to 66 years (45/30 men and women respectively) were selected from the entire cohort (n = 375) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two subgroups depending on the arm of antihypertensive therapy lines. The first subgroup of patients (n = 36) received a non-fixed combination of oral antihypertensive agents: perindopril (4–8 mg daily), indapamide (1.25–2.5 mg daily) and amlodopine (5–10 mg daily). The second subgroup of patients (n=39) received fixed-dosed combination of these antihypertensive agents aforementioned in the ranged doses (4 mg/1.25mg/5 mg; 4 mg/1.25mg/10 mg; 8 mg/2.5 mg/5 mg; 8 mg/2.5mg/10 mg) in the same manner. The examinations of the clinical status, office, and ambulatory blood pressure values were carried out at baseline in 3 and 6 months after study entry.
Results: The frequencies of BP target levels after treatment were higher in the fixed-dose combination group than in the non-fixed combination (at 3 months: 80% versus 58%, p<0.05 and at 6 months: 85% versus 53%, p<0.05). The adherence to triple fixed-dose combination was also higher in comparison with one to non-fixed combination (at 3 months: 82% versus 64%, p<0.05 and at 6 months: 87% versus 61%, p<0.05). It has been established that low-dose of perindopril/indapamide/amlodopine (4mg/1.25/10mg and 8mg/2.5/5mg) were used frequently in fixed-dose combination cohort of patients than in non-fixed combination (15% versus 0%, P<0.05, and 33% versus 19%, p<0.05, respectively). At the same time, maximum doses of these agents (8mg/2.5mg/10mg) were required for achieving target BP levels in a significantly lower proportion of patients receiving fixed-dose combination as compared to patients receiving non-fixed combination (52% versus 81%, p<0.05). Additionally, the triple fixed-dose combination has proved to be better in restoring ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profile than non-fixed combination.
Conclusion: Achievement of target blood pressure levels in patients with uncontrolled arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity was possible at lower doses of perindopril, indapamide, and amlodipine when used as a fixed-dose combination rather than non-fixed (free) combination.
Azonnali visszajelző rendszer bevezetése a kézhigiéné gyakorlatába intenzív osztályon
Authors: Mogyoródi Bence , Szabó Marcell , Dunai Erzsébet , Mester Bianka , Hermann Csaba , Gál János , Iványi Zsolt 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Introduction: Infections affect about 30–50% of intensive care unit patients resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Multimodal interventions proved to be successful in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Appropriate hand hygiene including correct disinfection technique and timing is essential. Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the hand hygiene practice among the intensive care unit healthcare workers by immediate feedback system implementation and compliance study. Method: A 3-week-long observational study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, during November and December, 2018. Data regarding hand hygiene technique were collected by using the Semmelweis Scanner technology, while compliance data were recorded by direct observations. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal–Wallis test, Fisher’s exact test and χ2-test. Results: 604 measurements were recorded by the electronic system. Hand disinfection was appropriate in 86.5% of cases. The median value of coverage was 99.87%. The trend of these indices showed persistently high values. A lower error rate was observed in the physiotherapy group compared to others (doctors: p<0.01, nurses: p = 0.03, assistant nurses: p = 0.03). 162 opportunities were recorded during direct observations. The mean compliance rate was 60.49%, with the lowest among doctors (53.97%). The difference was non-significant compared to nurses (62.92%, p = 0.26). Conclusions: Hand hygiene technique during the study period was found to be highly and permanently appropriate, while compliance was lower than expected. The immediate feedback system may be useful in achieving appropriate hand disinfection technique, although further interventions are needed for higher compliance rates. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(49): 1957–1962.
Coronariasebészet csecsemő- és gyermekkorban. A szívsebészet új ága?
Authors: Hartyánszky István , Bogáts Gábor 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Introduction and aim: Pediatric coronary artery surgery for congenital heart disease has become increasingly important in newborns and infants. It is life-saving in unsuccessful coronary transfer surgery, injury of coronary artery during surgery, in pediatric coronary artery bypass surgery (PCABS) due to acquired Kawasaki disease. Method: We review the current surgical role of congenital and acquired coronary artery diseases in newborns and infants. Results: The 7 main challenges are: 1) anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery; 2) different variations of the origins of the coronary arteries in transposition of the great arteries (TGA); 3) acute and late coronary events in the arterial switch operation for TGA; 4) complications after coronary transfer procedures: Ross-, Nikaidoh operation; 5) inadvertent coronary artery injury during heart surgery; 6) Kawasaki disease; 7) coronary artery procedures in premature infants. Direct coronary reimplantation in most, surgical angioplastic procedures in selected patients is the first choice; however, PCABS with internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts can be life-saving in emergency or severe myocardial hypoperfusion conditions. Since the patency of saphenous vein grafts is poorer than that of ITA grafts, their use should be avoided in growing children. The procedures can be performed safely in neonates and infants, using high-power magnifying glasses or a surgical microscope. Conclusion: Pediatric coronary artery surgery technique is now established as the standard safety surgical choice, as a new area in cardiac surgery. Congenital heart surgeons after proper training are able to use coronary transfer and bypass surgery safely even in premature babies. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(49): 1935–1940.
A 2014 és 2018 között osztályos ellátást igénylő szemsérülések klasszifikációja a Markusovszky Egyetemi Oktatókórházban
Authors: Németh Orsolya , Bátor György 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Introduction and aim: To analyse and classify the ocular trauma cases at the in-patient ophthalmological department of the Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital between 2014 and 2018. Method: We analysed the eye injury cases between 01. 01. 2014 and 31. 12. 2018 in the in-patient clinic of our hospital. 98 eyes of 97 patients were included in this study. To classify the injuries, we used the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT) and the new expanded classification of Shukla et al. Results: From the 97 patients, 16 were female and 81 male. The average age was 43.3 ± 22.5 (min.: 3, max.: 92) years; 20 patients were younger than 18 years old. 46.4% of the cases were right eyes, 52.5% were left eyes, and 1% was bilateral. The average time from the injury until the treatment was 1.3 days. The average time spent in hospital because of the injury was 5.2 days. The average observation time was 9.7 months. 95.8% of the injuries were mechanical eye injuries. From this group, 74.2% localized only to the globe, 20.4% were adnexal injuries and 5.4% were destructive eye injuries. From the globe injuries, 15 were closed globe, 60 were open globe injuries, and in 21 cases there were intraocular foreign body present. In 93% of the cases it was possible to keep or improve the best corrected visual acuity during the treatment. Conclusion: With the new classification, we could classify all of the eye injury cases easily. Depending on the type of the eye injury, with appropriate treatment we can keep or improve the visual function of the eye. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(49): 1941–1947.
MENAKAR KEBIJAKAN FULL DAY SCHOOL (Studi Analisis Permendikbud No 23 Tahun 2017)
Authors: Miftah Muhammad 
Published: November 2019

The full day school policy stipulated in the regulation of Education
and Culture Minister (Permendikbud) Number 23 of 2017 makes
the anxiety for the education activists who are not ready for the
consequences of this regulation. The anxiety of these educational
activists began to disappear when Permendikbud No. 23 of
2017 was abolished by a higher regulation, namely Presidential
Regulation (Perpres) No. 87 of 2017 which asserted that the
five-day school is an option rather than an obligation. In this
Presidential Decree, there is a gap for educational institutions to
run the school hours in accordance with Permendikbud No. 23
of 2017. It becomes interesting to be investigated in the realm of
educational policy. This study analyzes how the emergence of a
policy in education, how to implement and evaluate the policies
that have been applied especially Permendikbud No 23 of 2017
about school hours, because there are still schools and madrasah
that use school hours in accordance with this permendikbud.
TAHSİN YÜCEL’İN ÖYKÜ KİŞİLERİ ÜZERİNDEN SOSYAL ADALET KAVRAMI VE TOPLUMSAL ELEŞTİRİ
Authors: HASDEDEOĞLU Mehmet Onur , DANIŞMAN Şenol 
Published: November 2019

Sosyal
adalet; her bireyin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda, hak ettiği yaşama, eşit bir
vatandaş olarak ulaşması şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Günümüzde hemen her toplumda
sosyal adalet; küreselleşme, bireyselleşme, nüfustaki değişim ve dönüşümlerin
baskısı altında yoksulluğu önleme, eğitim ve öğretim, iş alanlarına dâhil olma,
sosyal güvenlik gibi konularda karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Toplumcu
gerçekçilik anlayışıyla öykülerini oluşturan Tahsin Yücel, bu kavramı ilk dönem
öykülerinde sıkça ele alır. Toplumu oluşturan sosyal sınıflar arasındaki
ekonomik dengesizlikler, ekonomik olarak zayıf sosyal sınıfların diğer sosyal
sınıflara karşı baskısı öykü kahramanları tarafından kimi zaman ironi ile dile
getirilir. Öykülerde sosyal adalet; özellikle emeği ile çalışanların yaşadıkları
zorluklar, eğitim eşitsizliği yüzünden okulu bırakan bireyler, yoksulluk
yüzünden topluma ve kendine yabancılaşan kişiler ve sınıf farklılıkları nedeniyle
toplumdan dışlanan öykü kahramanları aracılığı ile ele alınır. Yine öykülerde;
insan onuruna yaraşır bir asgari yaşam standardına kavuşmayan kimi öykü
kişileri de toplumdan uzaklaşmayı tercih eder.

Bu çalışmada
sosyal adalet kavramının tanımı ve tarihi süreci hakkında kısa bir bilgi
verildikten sonra, öykü kahramanları merkeze alınarak Tahsin Yücel’in sosyal
adalet meselesini eleştirel biçimde merkeze aldığı öyküleri incelenmiştir. Öykü
kişileri üzerinden sosyal adalet ile ilgili kavramlara değinilerek yazarın öne
sürdüğü çözümler ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Characteristics of Physichochemical and Microbiology of Rebon Shrimp Paste using Different Brown Sugar Concentration
Authors: Sumardianto Sumardianto , Wijayanti Ima , Swastawati Fronthea 
Published: November 2019

Shrimp paste is a fermentation product of shrimp and has a distinctive smell and taste. The paste is made from a mixture of shrimp, fish salt and brown sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sugar concentrations on the chemical, physical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of shrimp paste. Five differentconcentrations of brown sugar (0; 7.5; 10, and 12.5%) were applied. The shrimp paste was analyzed for their protein content, water content, amino acids, salinity, total sugar content, pH, colour test, viability of LAB and sensory. The sugar concentration significantly affected protein content, water content, total sugar, color, salt and organoleptic (p<0.05), but did not significantly affect on the water content, pH and LAB (p>0.05). The protein levels decreased with the increasing of sugar concentration. The brightness (L*) and redness (a*) were slightly decrease with the increasing of sugar concentration. The shrimp amino acid was dominated by glutamate acid, however, the concentration of amino acids decreased with the increasing concentration of the sugar. Addition of sugar to the shrimp paste improved the acceptance of the panelist, resulting higher score as compared to that of control. The best treatment in this study was the shrimp paste added with 10% sugar having the protein content 29.084%; water content 34.11%; sugar content 15.37%, pH 6.97; L 46.52; salt 13.63%; glutamate acid 23115.83 mg/kg, BAL <10 log CFU/mL and total organoleptic value 8.
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF FIRE RETARDANT COMPOSITION SELECTION FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS
Authors: Konstantinova N. I. , Eremina T. Yu. , Nikolaeva E. A. , Almenbaev M. M. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction. In order to reduce the fire hazard of textile materials (TM), scientific research is being carried out for the development of various methods of their fire protection. One of the directions in the field of decorative finishing TM with reduced flammability is their surface treatment with fire retardant compositions. Along with the development of fire retardants for TM, it is quite legitimate to study the effects of tissue on human skin, when in contact.Methods. At the stage of development of fire retardant compositions for surface treatment and the choice of the technology of their application, it is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the TM, the scope of application and operational requirements.Discussion. In developing a fire retardant composition for surface treatment of TM that are in contact with human skin, the authors proposed the use of a number of phosphorus-containing compounds, which are effective fire retardants. However, a significant disadvantage of such compounds is their instability, decomposition and dissociation over time, which leads to irritation of the skin in direct contact with the material. Therefore, research has been carried out and optimal chemical compositions of stabilizers, buffer solutions and their ratios in the fire retardant have been selected. Their use for surface treatment of TM on acellulosic basis makes the TM resistant to ignition and does not adversely affect the skin of a person in direct contact.Conclusions. Based on the experimental data obtained, it follows that one of the possible ways to solve the problem of developing effective fire protection means that meet the requirements of normative documents in the field of fire safety and sanitary hygiene may be modification of compounds based on carbamide compounds with the selection of appropriate stabilizers and buffer solutions.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND JUSTIFICATION OF APPLYING NEW AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR FIRE-AND-EXPLOSION PREVENTION AT VESSELS, SHIPS, OFFSHORE OIL PLATFORM
Authors: Zakhmatov V. D. , Tursenev S. A. , Mironchev A. V. , Chernyshov M. V. , Ozerov A. V. , Dorozhkin A. S. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction. A brief analysis of catastrophic fires and explosions on the offshore oil platform, ships and vessels is performed. It’s shown the relevance of the qualitative improvement of marine fire equipment. Analysis of modern fire fighting systems on vessels, ships: sprinkler, deluge, gas and pneumatic-impulse fire extinguishing systems is carried out. It’s substantiated new equipment for upgrading existing systems — subsystems of multi-module pulse, vortex combined quenching for the protection of ships, vessels, tankers, offshore oil platforms. The choice of the arrangement of modules based on the results of polygon tests is described. There are created systems of modules for the upper decks, engine rooms, holds, corridors, gangways, sections, electrical cabinets, etc.The modules create gas-water squalls, gas-powder vortices that extinguish all fires and continuous fires in all or part of the compartment and deck in seconds. The participation of pilot modules in operations for eliminating the consequences of disasters in hard-to-reach zones of collapses, with high levels of radioactive and toxic contamination in emergency locations is described.Description and analysis of experiments. The recommendations on the use of multi-barrel modules based on the analysis of experiments on the creation of fine-dispersed water squalls for extinguishing developed fires of classes A, B, C, F, the inhibition of explosive vapor-air clouds, the deposition and detoxification of gas-air clouds of ammonia and chlorine are substantiated and developed. The localization and liquidation of oil and oil products are described. The possibility of reducing the cost of liquidation of 1 sq m of bottling from $ 20-40 to $ 1-3 is shown, and reducing the time for liquidation of bottles to 5-10 times, which in a more multiple degree will reduce material and environmental losses from oil bottling.Conclusion. The advantages of introducing new technology and techniques for eliminating the consequences of accidents at sea and preventing their development into a catastrophe are summarized.
A multi-centered study of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in patients with respiratory disorders: Is there a colonization trend in the elderly?
Authors: Abastabar Mahdi , Mosayebi Elham , Shokohi Tahereh , Hedayati1 Mohammad , Jabari Amiri Mohammad R. , Seifi Zahra , Haghani Iman , Aliyali Masoud , Saber Sassan , Sheikholeslami Maryam-Fatemeh 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose: Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization plays a key role in the progression of pulmonary infection. However, there are limited data regarding the colonization of these fungi in the patients residing in different regions of Iran. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization in non-HIV-infected patients with respiratory failure introduced by physicians using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 136 samples obtained from 136 patients with respiratory disorders referring to different hospitals in the capital and north of Iran during 2013-2015. The samples were collected using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL; n=121) and sputum induction (n=15). Nested PCR method targeting mtLSU rRNA gene was used for the detection of P. jirovecii DNA in the specimens.
Results: The nested PCR analysis resulted in the detection of P. jirovecii DNA in 32 (23.5%) patients. The mean age of the participants was 49.04±11.94 years (age range: 14-90 years). The results revealed no correlation between Pneumocystis colonization and gender. The studied patients were divided into two groups of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In the regard, 25.4% of the patients with detectable P. jirovecii DNA were immunocompromised and had cancer, organ transplantation, asthma, sarcoidosis, dermatomyositis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary vasculitis. On the other hand, Pneumocystis DNA was detected in 21.8% of the immunocompetent patients. Frequencies of P. jirovecii DNA detection in the patients with tuberculosis, hydatid cyst, and unknown underlying diseases were obtained as 20.8%, 25%, and 22%, respectively. The prevalence of Pneumocystis colonization varied based on age. In this regard, P. jirovecii colonization was more prevalent in patients aged above 70 years.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, non-HIV-infected patients, especially the elderly, had a high prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization. Therefore, these patients are probably a potential source of infection for others. Regarding this, it is of paramount importance to adopt monitoring and prophylactic measures to reduce this infection.
THE SYMBOLIC SYSTEM IN TATAR POETRY OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: THE TRANSFORMATION OF NOMINATIVE MEANINGS
Authors: F. Yusupov Ayrat , M. Yusupova Nurfiya , T. Sibgatullina Alfina 
Published: November 2019

verifies the term of “nomination” in relation to poetic images-symbols. The interconnection of literary and cultural linguistics methods of analysis through the concept of nominations to the images-symbols made it possible to apply a new theoretical approach to the study of the symbolic system.
Methodology: in our study, we rely on the methodology of considering the symbol in the aspect of a system of nominations, which, in our opinion, expands the views on the process of symbolization.
Result: Thus, symbols characterize the national peculiarities of poets’ creativity and the artistic world of poetic works, the principles of organizing the subject level and the ideological and semantic potential of works. As a result, symbols have become a kind of “codes” that defines the unique and universal features of Tatar poetry.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The Symbolic System in Tatar Poetry of the First Half of the Twentieth Century: The Transformation of Nominative Meanings is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.