bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
D. 43,19,1,11: Ein Besitzkonstitut im Rechtsbesitz
Authors: Wimmer Markus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Constitutum possessorium in a case of quasi possessio. A precario tenens has interdictal possession of the right of way during the period of his holding. He has, likewise the holder of the predial servitude, an interdictum de itinere actuque. In D. 43,19,1,11 a precario tenens borrowes the right of way a second time, but from whom? And from whom he did it the first time? The understanding of the text is open to dispute. We should consider the facts in a different way, as if a constitutum possessorium has accrued: the right-holder regains quasi possessio of his right (interdictal possession de itinere).
μ-Opioid Receptors on Distinct Neuronal Populations Mediate Different Aspects of Opioid Reward-Related Behaviors
Authors: Severino Amie L. , Mittal Nitish , Hakimian Joshua K. , Velarde Nathanial , Minasyan Ani , Albert Ralph , Torres Carlos , Romaneschi Nicole , Johnston Camille , Tiwari Suchi , Lee Alex S. , Taylor Anna M. , Gavériaux-Ruff Claire , Kieffer Brigitte L. , Evans Christopher J. , Cahill Catherine M. , Walwyn Wendy M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstractμ-Opioid receptors (MORs) are densely expressed in different brain regions known to mediate reward. One such region is the striatum where MORs are densely expressed, yet the role of these MOR populations in modulating reward is relatively unknown. We have begun to address this question by using a series of genetically engineered mice based on the Cre recombinase/loxP system to selectively delete MORs from specific neurons enriched in the striatum: dopamine 1 (D1) receptors, D2 receptors, adenosine 2a (A2a) receptors, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). We first determined the effects of each deletion on opioid-induced locomotion, a striatal and dopamine-dependent behavior. We show that MOR deletion from D1 neurons reduced opioid (morphine and oxycodone)-induced hyperlocomotion, whereas deleting MORs from A2a neurons resulted in enhanced opioid-induced locomotion, and deleting MORs from D2 or ChAT neurons had no effect. We also present the effect of each deletion on opioid intravenous self-administration. We first assessed the acquisition of this behavior using remifentanil as the reinforcing opioid and found no effect of genotype. Mice were then transitioned to oxycodone as the reinforcer and maintained here for 9 d. Again, no genotype effect was found. However, when mice underwent 3 d of extinction training, during which the drug was not delivered, but all cues remained as during the maintenance phase, drug-seeking behavior was enhanced when MORs were deleted from A2a or ChAT neurons. These findings show that these selective MOR populations play specific roles in reward-associated behaviors.
No Evidence for an Object Working Memory Capacity Benefit with Extended Viewing Time
Authors: Quirk Colin , Adam Kirsten C.S. , Vogel Edward K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVisual working memory is the ability to hold visual information temporarily in mind. A key feature of working memory is its starkly limited capacity, such that only a few simple items can be remembered at once. Prior work has shown that this capacity limit cannot be circumvented by providing additional encoding time, whether providing just 200 ms or up to 1300 ms, capacity is still limited to only three to four items. In contrast, Brady et al. (2016) hypothesized that real-world objects, but not simple items used in prior research, benefit from additional encoding time and are not subject to traditional capacity limits. They supported this hypothesis with results from both behavior and the contralateral delay activity (CDA), an EEG marker of working memory storage, and concluded that familiar, complex stimuli are necessary to observe encoding time effects. Here, we conducted three replications of Brady et al.’s key manipulation with a larger number of human participants and more trials per condition. We failed to replicate their primary behavioral result (objects benefit more than colors from additional encoding time) and failed to observe an object-specific increase in the CDA. Instead, we found that encoding time benefitted both simple color items and real-world objects, in contrast to both the findings by Brady et al., and some prior work on this topic. Overall, we observed no support for the hypothesis that real-world objects have a different capacity than colored squares. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of visual working memory (VWM).
Macroeconomic Determinants of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Nigeria
Authors: Agbatogun Kehinde Kabir , Sekinat Opeloyeru Olaide 
Published: August 2020

This paper examined the macroeconomic determinants of under-five mortality rate in Nigeria between 1980 and 2017. The study was predicated on the Grossman analytical framework rooted in the human capital development theory. A macro-econometric model incorporating major macroeconomic variables in explaining under-five mortality health outcomes. ARDL bound test estimation technique that took into consideration error correction mechanism was used. Tests of the model’s reliability were carried out using unit root and co-integration tests. The influences of government health expenditure was significant, however both immunisation initiatives and health workers exerted an insignificant positive influence on under-five mortality rate. Thus, the study recommends policies targeted to improve Nigeria health system both in terms of creation of awareness relating to the service delivery and human capital development of the professionals in the sector to avert brain drain syndrome in the country.JEL Classification: J11, J13 How to Cite:Agbatogun, K. K., & Opeloyeru, O. K. (2020). Macroeconomic Determinants of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Nigeria. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.13751.
Does Oil Price Volatility Drive Household Consumption Expenditures in Nigeria?
Authors: Ogede Jimoh Sina 
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates whether volatilities in oil prices influence consumer household consumption expenditure from 1995 to 2019, a period described in the literature by the weakening effect of oil price volatility on macroeconomic factors. The Vector autoregressive model's findings suggest that the unexpected changes in oil prices significantly influence household consumption expenditure in Nigeria. A one standard deviation unexpected for a change in oil prices corresponds to a 28.31 percent increase in Nigeria's consumption expenditure. Moreover, the decomposition of the variance did not affect the sign and significance of the household relationship between oil price volatility and consumption expenditure. The paper offers that the extent to which dependence on oil continues depends on the magnitude to which Nigeria's economies can continue developing alternative energy sources and improving energy conservation.JEL classification: D15, Q43 How to Cite:Ogede, J. S. (2020). Does Oil Price Volatility Drive Household Consumption Expenditures in Nigeria? Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 9(2), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15498.
Freins à l’observance au traitement antirétroviral en milieu rural de la République Démocratique du Congo et regard sur l’Alliance thérapeutique dans le circuit de soins
Authors: Mabakutuvangilanga Ntela Simon-Decap , Morvillers Jean-Manuel , Goutte Nathalie , Crozet Cyril , Ahouah Mathieu , Omanyondo-Ohambe Marie-Claire , Ntoto-Kunzi Bernard , Tshimungu Kandolo Félicien , Rothan-Tondeur Monique 
Published: August 2020

Cette étude vise à comprendre les freins à l’observance au traitement antirétroviral et à porter un regard critique sur la qualité d’alliance thérapeutique Infirmier-patient. Il s’agit d’une étude qualitative phénoménologique réalisée dans deux hôpitaux ruraux de la province du Kongo-central en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de patients. Deux grands groupes de freins ont été relevés :
L’un lié au patient (manque de nourriture, le ressenti (peur, doute)) et l’autre en rapport avec son environnement (rupture des antirétroviraux, influence des médias, des religieux et autres croyances traditionnelles…). Ces freins généraient des forces antagonistes influençant négativement l’observance au traitement antirétroviral.
Cette étude met en évidence l’existence des écarts sur la qualité d’alliance thérapeutique dans le circuit de soins. Ainsi, surmonter les forces négatives, renforcer les capacités infirmières et revisiter les programmes de formation Infirmière sur les questions du VIH semblent une nécessité.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATE-OWNED BANKS’ ROLE IN THE ECONOMY OF EASTERN EUROPE COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE
Authors: O. O. Lyubich  , G. P. Bortnikov  , A. O. Drobyazko  
Published: August 2020

The state-owned banks (SOB) hold a prominent position in the national banking systems of most Eastern European countries. In this region, the BUDCs are specialized and mainly represented by national development banks and export-import banks. There is no development bank inUkraine, and the domestic export-import bank, by its profile, runs universal business model that covers retail and corporate clients, as well as a bank-to-bank function.
In general, the SOBs mainly implement four types of national strategic programs: infrastructure development, support for small and medium-sized businesses, regional development, and overcoming sectoral imbalances. These programs are broken down by product into loans, guarantees and subsidies. In some countries, the SOBs also maintain student loans, mortgage loans, support for innovative and start-up businesses. The sources of funding for these programs are capital, funds raised from international financial institutions, and debt through debt issuance. As a rule, the SOB implements these programs through partner financial institutions and regional funds. The indicators of the effectiveness of these programs are the volume of loan portfolios, the number of enterprises created and saved jobs. The quality and profitability of loan portfolios are of secondary importance, but they are also taken into account in evaluating the performance of SOBs.
Based on a comparative analysis of the SOBs’ performance, the authors concluded that it is necessary to implement similar programs inUkraine, taking into account the stage of development of the national economy, sectoral and regional disparities. Firstly, it is necessary to increase the scope of preferential lending to priority industries and regions, with the offer of credit products, loan guarantees and interest rate subsidies. Second, as a national development bank, it is advisable to consolidate one of the state-owned banks, which should undergo asset rehabilitation, transform the resource base, enter the domestic and foreign borrowing markets. Third, the transformation of the public banking sector inUkraineshould occur in parallel with the approval by the Government of Ukraine of national and regional programs of credit stimulation of the economy. It is advisable for each financial support program, to establish key performance indicators (quantifiable and qualitative goals) and to provide monitoring of performance, with adjustments of directions and priorities as needed.
PECULIARITIES OF BUILDING THE VALUE CHAIN OF THE IT-INDUSTRY OUTSOURCING ENTERPRISES
Authors: L. I. Piddubna  , I. O. Piddubnyi  , N. V. Proskurnina  , M. V. Gorobinska  
Published: August 2020

The active development of information and communication technologies and the enhancement of their impact on the world economy requires the search for new and adaptation of existing tools and mechanisms of competitiveness management for the needs of the IT-industry subjects. The peculiarities of building the value chain of the IT-industry enterprises have been considered and the volumes of the global IT-companies market have been analyzed. When using the value chain concept, an enterprise has the ability to identify and focus efforts on generating high-order competitive advantages, which are relevant for high-tech IT-companies. The value creation chain helps to divide all kinds of activities into strategic groups for a detailed analysis of the company, on the basis of which managers can better evaluate the stages at which the value of the product is created and where the work of the enterprise can be optimized.
The necessity of adjusting the management of these IT-companies to determine their competitive advantages has been substantiated. The competitiveness of the company has been evaluated in the context of the influence of the main competitive forces and the main threats have been identified. The directions of value chain modification for the needs of TEAM International Services Inc. have been determined. An IT-industry value chain has been offered. It consistently demonstrates the main and accompanying activities that shape product value on the example of US outsourcing company TEAM International Services Inc. It is defined that in the process of building a value chain for an outsourced IT-company, it is expedient to take into account the main stages of a software product pricing. Such approach allows influence the company competitiveness, isolate sources of international competitive advantages of the IT-industry enterprises, namely: continuous technological modernization, use of qualitative licensed software, adaptability of corporate policy and culture, wide opportunities for company employees.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF TRADE RELATIONS OF LATVIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
Authors: I. Stecenko  , A. Alekseev  
Published: August 2020

In the article presented, the authors carry out the analysis of export — import operations of Latvia with Asian countries. Based on the UN Resolution on Sustainable Development 2030 adopted in 2015, the concept of developing the world until 2030 is presented for seventeen goals and 169 goals. The convergence of Europe and Asia based on the trade cooperation will certainly lead to a deepening of economic relations between the regions. Using the trading strategies of P. Krugman, C. Lancaster and I. B. Krevis, the authors analyze export-import operations between the countries of Southeast Asia and Latvia. The authors, particularly focus on the main partners of Southeast Asia: the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. The authors carried out the analysis of the calculated volume of exports to countries for the period from 2015 to 2017, as well as carried out the analysis of the goods exported by Latvia, identified the leaders of export operations from the countries of Southeast Asia. Based on the statistical date of Latvia, the authors pay special attention to the calculation and classification of exported goods to the countries of Southeast Asia. As a result of the analysis, the authors revealed that the main export goods to Southeast Asia are machinery, mechanisms and electrical equipment, mineral products. The analysis allowed ranking the countries of Southeast Asia by the volume of exported goods.
Given the trade volumes of Latvia and the countries studied, it is proposed to strengthen the role of SMEs in trade between regions. The analysis of the number of small and medium enterprises of Latvia from 2015-2017 is carried out, as well as the inclusion of SMEs in the trade relations of Latvia and the countries of Southeast Asia is justified.
VALUABLE ASPECTS IN THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT PROCESS
Authors: M. A. Tepliuk  , A. V. Liezina  , M. V. Zavyalova  , N. S. Lysenko  , A. F. Yavorska  
Published: August 2020

The main purpose of this article is to comprehensively explore the definition of value, its dissemination in enterprise management processes and the formation of a step-by-step view of providing value aspects for the company that will manifest to all internal and external stakeholders. The study found that in today’s changing environment, under the influence of Industry 4.0, an enterprise seeking to maintain competitive positions in the market and to have sustainable development needs to implement value aspects in the processes of managing its business activities. It is determined that a value-oriented approach to management involves identifying and reconciling key values of a company, recognized and perceived by its stakeholders (investors or creditors, employees, buyers (consumers), suppliers, government institutions, society). It is substantiated that the introduction of management in this direction should be understood as a qualitatively new state of strategic management of the corporation threefold purpose of which is: harmonization and maintenance of balance of individual values of employees, which are transformed into corporate values, which are perceived and adhered to by all members of the enterprise; consistent maximization of the value of the organization and creation of the value of the product that it offers on the market; effective management of the increased complexity and greater uncertainty and risks associated with organizing engagement with all stakeholders to succeed. Formed proposals of the authors can be implemented on a continuous basis, which will lead to constant updating and improvement of the operational activity of enterprises.
The paper presents the stages of creating value aspects in the processes of enterprise management, which have four components. And itself: the birth, expansion, accumulation and implementation. Each stage forms the main components that underlie the next. Thus, compliance with all components creates the creation of a valuable product or service for the external stakeholders (such as the consumer, the environment, society). The factors of the main employees of the company involved in the processes of enterprise management (namely: directors of the enterprise and managers of various units) that provide value aspects of management are also highlighted.
THE IMPACT OF THE BUDGETARY COMPONENT OF FISCAL POLICY ON MACROECONOMIC GROWTH IN CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION: CASE OF UKRAINE
Authors: O. A. Shevchuk  , V. V. Martynenko  
Published: August 2020

The article examines the role of the budget component of Ukraine’s fiscal policy in macroeconomic growth. The directions of increase of economic growth under the influence of financial decentralization are offered. The expediency of using multifactor economic and mathematical modelling in the study of the dynamics of the national accounts of Ukraine under the influence of indicators of the budget component of fiscal policy is substantiated.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamics of national accounts under the influence of the budget component of fiscal policy in the context of financial decentralization. A number of methods have been widely used in the study, including economic and mathematical modelling, correlation-regression analysis, factor analysis, and so on. These methods will underpin the development of strategic prospects for economic growth of the Ukrainian economy under conditions of financial decentralization.
It is substantiated that an increase in the share of local budget expenditures in consolidated budget expenditures and a decrease in the share of state budget expenditures in GDP lead to an increase in the physical volume index of GDP and an increase in GDP in actual prices. It is also proven that the share of local budget expenditures in consolidated budget expenditures has an immediate direct impact on the GDP physical volume index.
Another significant factor of direct influence on the GDP physical volume index is identified – the share of capital expenditures (development expenditures) in local budgets, as one of the indicators of financial decentralization efficiency. It is substantiated that the share of state budget expenditures in consolidated budget expenditures is a factor of inverse effect on GDP (in actual prices), and the share of capital expenditures is a factor of direct influence.
It is proved that financial decentralization in Ukraine is an important factor of economic growth of the Ukrainian economy, as the increase of the share of local budget expenditures in the consolidated budget expenditures and the reduction of the share of state budget expenditures in GDP lead to an increase in the GDP physical volume index and an increase in actual GDP.
FINANCIAL LITERACY AS THE BASIS OF THE CULTURE OF UKRAINE’S POPULATION
Authors: A. M. Klochko  , A. S. Politova  , A. M. Khankevych  , R. O. Havrik  
Published: August 2020

It has been noted that the modern development of the financial sphere of Ukraine is one of the priorities of the state administration agencies. Economic awareness of the population leads to a decrease in unemployment, stability of the national currency and the formation of a new economic culture of the population, which requires, above all, an adequate level of the financial literacy.
It has been concluded that the functioning of all spheres of society is not possible without the use of the financial information, application of financial knowledge. Financial awareness helps to understand key financial concepts and use them to make decisions about income, expenses and savings, to choose the proper financial instruments, to plan the budget, to accumulate funds for future goals.
Existing scientific approaches have been studied and the authors have offered own definition of the concept of «financial literacy», which means awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes (life guides) and behavior, which allow to make sound financial decisions for achieving personal financial well-being, as well as financial activity of every citizen of the state to ensure social stability in society.
The authors have distinguished a number of factors that affect the financial literacy of the population and they include: ignorance in the financial sphere; ignorance of how financial institutions of the state operate and their advantages; distrust to financial institutions and financial organizations; inability to distribute income and expenses; fear of starting own business.
It has been noted that increasing the level of the financial literacy of Ukrainian citizens will enhance their ability to exercise effective financial control over the use of their own financial resources and to make sound financial decisions, and in our opinion, would become an integral element of the financial culture of society.
It has been substantiated that there is no agency in Ukraine responsible for the implementation of the state policy in the field of the financial literacy of the population, which would develop, implement the National Program for raising the level of financial literacy of the population, and would also monitor the situation on this issue in Ukraine.
Perspective research areas are the study of the effectiveness of teaching the discipline «Financial Literacy» in general secondary schools.