bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Living in a Higher Proportion Minority Facility Improve Quality of Life for Racial/Ethnic Minority Residents in Nursing Homes?
Authors: Shippee Tetyana P , Ng Weiwen , Bowblis John R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The proportion of racial/ethnic minority older adults in nursing homes (NHs) has increased dramatically and will surpass the proportion of white adults by 2030.Yet, little is known about minority groups’ experiences related to the quality of life (QOL). QOL is a person-centered measure, capturing multiple aspects of well-being. NH quality has been commonly measured using clinical care indicators, but there is growing recognition for the need to include QOL. This study examines the role of individual race/ethnicity, facility racial/ethnic composition, and the interaction of both for NH resident QOL.

Research Design and Methods
We used a unique state-level data set that includes self-reported QOL surveys with a random sample of long-stay Minnesota NH residents, using a multidimensional measure of QOL. These surveys were linked to resident clinical data from the Minimum Dataset 3.0 and facility-level characteristics. Minnesota is one of the two states in the nation that collects validated QOL measures, linked to data on resident and detailed facility characteristics. We used mixed-effects models, with random intercepts to model summary QOL score and individual domains.

Results
We identified significant racial disparities in NH resident QOL. Minority residents report significantly lower QOL scores than white residents, and NHs with higher proportion minority residents have significantly lower QOL scores. Minority residents have significantly lower adjusted QOL than white residents, whether they are in low- or high-minority facilities, indicating a remaining gap in individual care needs.

Discussion and Implications
The findings highlight system-level racial disparities in NH residents QOL, with residents who live in high-proportion minority NHs facing the greatest threats to their QOL. Efforts need to focus on reducing racial/ethnic disparities in QOL, including potential public reporting (similar to quality of care) and resources and attention to provision of culturally sensitive care in NHs to address residents’ unique needs.
SnpHub: an easy-to-set-up web server framework for exploring large-scale genomic variation data in the post-genomic era with applications in wheat
Authors: Wang Wenxi , Wang Zihao , Li Xintong , Ni Zhongfu , Hu Zhaorong , Xin Mingming , Peng Huiru , Yao Yingyin , Sun Qixin , Guo Weilong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The cost of high-throughput sequencing is rapidly decreasing, allowing researchers to investigate genomic variations across hundreds or even thousands of samples in the post-genomic era. The management and exploration of these large-scale genomic variation data require programming skills. The public genotype querying databases of many species are usually centralized and implemented independently, making them difficult to update with new data over time. Currently, there is a lack of a widely used framework for setting up user-friendly web servers to explore new genomic variation data in diverse species.

Results
Here, we present SnpHub, a Shiny/R-based server framework for retrieving, analysing, and visualizing large-scale genomic variation data that can be easily set up on any Linux server. After a pre-building process based on the provided VCF files and genome annotation files, the local server allows users to interactively access single-nucleotide polymorphisms and small insertions/deletions with annotation information by locus or gene and to define sample sets through a web page. Users can freely analyse and visualize genomic variations in heatmaps, phylogenetic trees, haplotype networks, or geographical maps. Sample-specific sequences can be accessed as replaced by detected sequence variations.

Conclusions
SnpHub can be applied to any species, and we build up a SnpHub portal website for wheat and its progenitors based on published data in recent studies. SnpHub and its tutorial are available at http://guoweilong.github.io/SnpHub/. The wheat-SnpHub-portal website can be accessed at http://wheat.cau.edu.cn/Wheat_SnpHub_Portal/.
Signal Activation of Hepatitis B Virus–Related Hepatocarcinogenesis by Up-regulation of SUV39h1
Authors: Takeuchi Yasue , Tsuge Masataka , Tsushima Ken , Suehiro Yosuke , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Yamauchi Masami , Makokha Grace Naswa , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Abe-Chayama Hiromi , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Imamura Michio , Aikata Hiroshi , Hayes C Nelson , Tateno Chise , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X (HBx) protein is associated with hepatocellular carcinogenesis via the induction of malignant transformation and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the association between HBx and histone methyltransferase in carcinogenesis has not been fully clarified. In the current study, we analyzed the association between HBx and the histone methyltransferase suppressor of variegation 3–9 homolog 1 (SUV39h1) using HBV replication models.

Methods
We constructed several HBx and SUV39h1 expression plasmids and analyzed the association between HBx and SUV39h1 with respect to HBV replication and hepatocarcinogenesis.

Results
SUV39h1 up-regulation was observed in HBV-infected humanized mouse livers and clinical HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, indicating that SUV39h1 expression might be regulated by HBV infection. Through in vitro analysis, we determined that the coactivator domain of HBx interacts with the PSET (PostSET) and SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domains of SUV39h1. The expression levels of 4 genes, activating transcription factor 6, α-fetoprotein, growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible 45a, and dual-specificity phosphatase 1, known to induce carcinogenesis via HBx expression, were up-regulated by HBx and further up-regulated in the presence of both HBx and SUV39h1. Furthermore, histone methyltransferase activity, the main function of SUV39h1, was enhanced in the presence of HBx.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that SUV39h1 and HBx enhance each other’s activity, leading to HBx-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. We propose that regulation of this interaction could help suppress development of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Liver Cirrhosis Prediction in Untreated and Treated Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Le An K , Yang Hwai-I , Yeh Ming-Lun , Jin Mingjuan , Trinh Huy N , Henry Linda , Liu Anne , Zhang Jian Q , Li Jiayi , Wong Christopher , Wong Clifford , Cheung Ramsey , Yu Ming-Lung , Nguyen Mindie H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress to cirrhosis, but there are limited noninvasive tools available to estimate cirrhosis risk, including in patients receiving antiviral therapy. This study developed and validated a simple model to assess risk in CHB patients.

Methods
The derivation cohort included 3000 CHB patients from 6 centers in the United States, with 52.60% receiving antiviral therapy. External validation was performed for 4552 CHB individuals from similar cohorts in Taiwan, with 21.27% receiving therapy. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to screen predictors and develop the risk score for cirrhosis. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were calculated for predictive value.

Results
Sex, age, diabetes, antiviral treatment status/duration, hepatitis B e-antigen, and baseline alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels were significantly associated with increased cirrhosis risk. A 13-point risk score was developed based on these predictors. The AUROCs for predicting cirrhosis risk were 0.82 at 3 years, 0.85 at 5 years, and 0.89 at 10 years in the derivation cohort, and 0.82, 0.79, and 0.77 in the validation cohort, respectively.

Conclusions
We developed and validated a simple cirrhosis prediction model with an independent external cohort that can be applied to both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced CHB patients in diverse settings and locations.
Gene Flow Between Bt and Non-Bt Plants in a Seed Mixture Increases Dominance of Resistance to Pyramided Bt Corn in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Carrière Yves , Degain Ben A , Harpold Virginia S , Unnithan Gopalan C , Tabashnik Bruce E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For delaying evolution of pest resistance to transgenic corn producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, limited data are available to compare the effectiveness of refuges of non-Bt corn planted in seed mixtures versus blocks. Here we addressed this issue in the ear-feeding pest Helicoverpa zea Boddie by measuring its survival and development in the laboratory on ears from field plots with 90% Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab corn and 10% non-Bt corn planted in a seed mixture or blocks. We compared a strain of H. zea selected for resistance to Cry1Ac in the laboratory, its parent strain not selected in the laboratory, and their F1 progeny. The relative survival of the F1 progeny and dominance of resistance were higher on ears from Bt plants in the seed mixture than the block. Half of the kernels in ears from non-Bt plants in the seed mixture produced both Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab. However, survival on ears from non-Bt plants did not differ between the block and seed mixture. In simulations based on the observed survival, resistance to Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab corn evolved faster with the seed mixture than the blocks, because of the higher dominance of resistance in the seed mixture. Increasing the refuge percentage improved durability of Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab corn more for the blocks than the seed mixture. These findings imply that, for a given percentage of non-Bt corn, resistance of H. zea and other ear-feeding pests to multi-toxin Bt corn is likely to evolve faster for seed mixtures than blocks.
Penis morphology facilitates identification of cryptic African bat species
Authors: Fasel Nicolas J , Mamba Mnqobi L , Monadjem Ara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfrica hosts a high number of bat species, many of which have been poorly studied. Among African vesper bats (Vespertilionidae), some species are morphologically similar to each other, hampering identification in the field. Consequently, basic information on these species’ population dynamics, distributions, or behaviors is vague and/or incorrectly documented. Among some Vespertilionidae, variation in flaccid penis shape enables species identification. This variation in morphology is thought to have resulted from sexual selection operating on the erect penis. Furthermore, in the context of strong postcopulatory competition, divergence in sperm traits may have evolved among closely related species. These male reproductive characters have hitherto not been investigated in southern African vespertilionid bats. In this study, we present the morphology of flaccid penis, erect penis, and sperm, of six small vesper species, based on the prediction that these characters have evolved sufficiently toward different optima to allow species discrimination. Species identification based solely on the morphological characters of the penis entirely matched species identification based on traditional (craniodental) characters. We illustrate penis morphology of these species to assist with field identifications for future ecological, conservation, or behavioral studies. Sperm morphology was sufficient to discriminate between the different genera, but could not reliably separate Neoromicia nana, Ne. zuluensis, and Ne. capensis. Hence, we demonstrate that these difficult to identify species can be readily distinguished based on traits directly observable in the field and on living animals, which will lead to more focused field studies on these otherwise morphologically cryptic species. Finally, our comparisons of penis morphology support the suggestion that Hypsugo anchietae is better placed within the genus Neoromicia.
Ultrastructure of the Immature Stages ofMusca domestica(Diptera: Muscidae: Muscinae)
Authors: Cortinhas Lucas Barbosa , Martins Mendonça Paloma , Braga Marina Vianna , Queiroz Margareth Maria de Carvalho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMusca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) is a muscoid species that is widespread throughout the world and acts as a mechanical vector of different enteropathogens primarily in underdeveloped countries. The adult and its immature forms are associated with decaying organic matter and can be seen visiting human corpses and animal carcass, and the larvae can also cause an infestation on human and animal wounds, feeding on the tissues. These characteristics make them have a forensic significance and, mainly, a great sanitary importance. This study aimed to analyze and describe morphological aspects of their immature stages of M. domestica, including the eggs, the first-, second-, and third-instar larvae, and the puparium using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The eggs have standard format that all muscoid flies shared. The exochorion has some modified cells that were used for embryonic respiration. The first-instar larvae present two openings on the posterior spiracle as in the second-instar larvae, but with the last one, we can observe the anterior spiracle structure. The third-instar larvae, as in some other Muscidae species, have a posterior spiracular opening with a sinuous form that is located near the edge of the spiracular plate. The puparium morphology is equal to the third instar with a respiratory structure that helps the breathing during the metamorphosis process. This article supports the need for knowledge over the morphological characteristics of the immature forms of the muscoid Diptera (Linnaeus, 1758) at the same time helping with the correct identification of this insect phase.
Determining the co-rotation radii of spiral galaxies using spiral arm pitch angle measurements at multiple wavelengths
Authors: Abdeen Shameer , Kennefick Daniel , Kennefick Julia , Miller Ryan , Shields Douglas W , Monson Erik B , Davis Benjamin L 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The spiral arms spanning disc galaxies are believed to be created by density waves that propagate through galactic discs. We present a novel method of finding the co-rotation radius where the spiral arm pattern speed matches the velocities of the stars within the disc. Our method uses an image-overlay technique, which involves tracing the arms of spiral galaxies on images observed in different wavelengths. Density wave theory predicts that spiral arms observed from different wavelengths show a phase crossing at the co-rotation radius. For the purpose of this study, 20 nearby galaxies were analysed in four different wavelengths with pitch angle measurements performed by two independent methods. We used optical wavelength images (B band 440 nm), two infrared wavelength images provided by Spitzer (3.6 and 8 μm) and ultraviolet images from GALEX (1350, 1750 Å). The results were compared and verified with other records found in the literature. We then found rotation curve data for six of our galaxies and used our co-rotation radii estimates to measure the time that would elapse between star formation and moving to their observed positions in the B-band spirals. The average time lapse for this motion was found to be ∼50 Myr. The success of this new method of finding the co-rotation radius confirms density wave theory in a very direct way.
Cold H i ejected into the Magellanic Stream
Authors: Dempsey J , McClure-Griffiths N M , Jameson K , Buckland-Willis F 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the direct detection of cold H i gas in a cloud ejected from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) towards the Magellanic Stream. The cloud is part of a fragmented shell of H i gas on the outskirts of the SMC. This is the second direct detection of cold H i associated with the Magellanic Stream using absorption. The cold gas was detected using 21-cm H i absorption-line observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) towards the extra-galactic source PMN J0029−7228. We find a spin (excitation) temperature for the gas of 68 ± 20 K. We suggest that breaking super shells from the Magellanic Clouds may be a source of cold gas to supply the rest of the Magellanic Stream.
Formation of massive black holes in ultracompact dwarf galaxies: migration of primordial intermediate-mass black holes in N-body simulation
Authors: Wirth Henriette , Bekki Kenji 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent observational studies of ultracompact dwarf galaxies (UCDs) have discovered the massive black hole (MBH), with masses of more than ${10^6~\rm M_\odot }$, in their central regions. We here consider that these MBHs can be formed through the merging of intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH), with masses of (103–105) M⊙, within the stellar nuclei of dwarf galaxies, which are progenitors of UCDs. We numerically investigate this formation process for a wide range of model parameters using N-body simulations. This means that IMBH growth and feedback is neglected in this study. We find that only massive IMBHs of $10^5~\rm M_\odot$ sink into the central regions of their host dwarf ($\approx 10^{10}~\rm M_\odot$) to be gravitationally trapped by its stellar nucleus within less than 1 Gyr in most dwarf models. We also find that lighter IMBHs with $(1\!-\!30) \times 10^3~\rm M_\odot$ sink into the centre in low-mass dwarfs ($\approx 10^{9}~\rm M_\odot$) due to more efficient dynamical frictionitionally, we show that the IMBHs can form binaries in the centre and, rarely, before they reach the centre, which may lead to the IMBHs merging and thus emitting gravitational waves that could be detected by LISA. Finally, we discuss the required number of IMBHs for the MBH formation in UCDs and the physical roles of stellar nuclei in IMBH binaries and mergers.
The Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer Spectral Feature Finder – III. Line identification and off-axis spectra
Authors: Benson Chris S , Hładczuk N , Spencer L D , Robb A , Scott J , Valtchanov I , Hopwood R , Naylor. D A 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The European Space Agency Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Spectral Feature Finder (FF) project is an automated spectral feature fitting routine developed within the SPIRE instrument team to extract all prominent spectral features from all publicly available SPIRE FTS observations. We present the extension of the FF to include the off-axis detectors of the FTS in sparsely sampled single-pointing observations, the results of which have been ingested into the catalogue. We also present the results from an automated routine for identifications of the atomic/molecular transitions that correspond to the spectral features extracted by the FF. We use a template of 307 atomic fine structure and molecular lines that are commonly found in SPIRE FTS spectra for the cross-match. The routine makes use of information provided by the line identification to search for low signal-to-noise ratio features that have been excluded or missed by the iterative FF. In total, the atomic/molecular transitions of 178 942 lines are identified (corresponding to 83 per cent of the entire FF catalogue), and an additional 33 840 spectral lines associated with missing features from SPIRE FTS observations are added to the FF catalogue.
Environment from cross-correlations: connecting hot gas and the quenching of galaxies
Authors: Kukstas Egidijus , McCarthy Ian G , Baldry Ivan K , Font Andreea S 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The observable properties of galaxies depend on both internal processes and the external environment. In terms of the environmental role, we still do not have a clear picture of the processes driving the transformation of galaxies. The use of proxies for environment (e.g. host halo mass, distance to the Nth nearest neighbour, etc.), as opposed to the real physical conditions (e.g. hot-gas density) may bear some responsibility for this. Here, we propose a new method that directly links galaxies to their local environments, by using spatial cross-correlations of galaxy catalogues with maps from large-scale structure surveys [e.g. thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect, diffuse X-ray emission, weak lensing of galaxies, or the cosmic microwave background (CMB)]. We focus here on the quenching of galaxies and its link to local hot gas properties. Maps of galaxy overdensity and quenched fraction excess are constructed from volume-limited Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) catalogues, which are cross-correlated with tSZ effect and X-ray maps from Planck and ROSAT, respectively. Strong signals out to Mpc scales are detected for most cross-correlations and are compared to predictions from the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) and BAryons and Haloes of MAssive Systems (BAHAMAS) cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. The simulations successfully reproduce many, but not all, of the observed power spectra, with an indication that environmental quenching may be too efficient in the simulations. We demonstrate that the cross-correlations are sensitive to both the internal [e.g. active galactic nucleus (AGN) and stellar feedback] and external processes (e.g. ram pressure stripping, harassment, strangulation, etc.) responsible for quenching. The methods outlined in this paper can be adapted to other observables and, with upcoming surveys, will provide a stringent test of physical models for environmental transformation.
SO007OVERHYDRATION TREATMENT WITH COMBINED CRYSTALLOID AND COLLOID PD SOLUTION
Authors: YUSTE CLAUDIA , Caro Espada Paula Jara , RODRIGUEZ GAYO LUCIA , Aguado Begoña , Aranda Maria Jesus , Bada Bosch Teresa , Praga Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids used colloid or crystalloid solutions to achieve ultrafiltration. Here we presented our clinical experience with the intraperitoneal (IP) use of mixed solutions (MS) (crystalloid plus colloid) to treat overhydration.

Method
We studied the kinetics of 4-hour single-dwell exchange using 2L MS in 3 different sessions. We analysed IP fluids and IP pressure at 0,30,60,120 and 240 min plus blood samples at 0, 120 and 240 min. MS kinetics were compared with standard 4-hour 3.86 % glucose (GS) exchange.
MS composition. We modified a single-dwell exchange of 2L Icodextrin (Extraneal, Baxter®) by adding a continuous 50% glucose infusion (50g Glucose per 100mL) in an aseptic technique through infusion pump (42 ml/h) over 4 hours.

Results
MS exchange induced a progressive increase in IP pressure with an inverse decrease in IP sodium, without significant changes in IP glucose or osmolarity. MS exchanges were well tolerated without side effects (total 25 sessions). We did not observe any remarkable change in bloods samples during the MS exchange. The combination fluid enhanced net ultrafiltration (mean 1030 ml) compared with GS (650 ml). Although the net glucose dispensed was slightly higher with MS (79 g MS vs 77.2 g GS), similar net glucose absorption was observed (49.8 g MS vs 49.9g GS) and smaller maximum intraperitoneal glucose levels (1739 mg/dL at 120 min with MS vs 2695 mg/dL with GS at 0 min). GS induced a faster initial reduction in dialysate sodium concentration while MS maintained the sodium sieving over 4-hour dwell enhancing net ultrafiltration due to sustained IP glucose concentration.

Conclusion
The combination fluid could be a new strategy to enhance ultrafiltration in PD patients, leaded by colloid osmosis at the beginning of PD exchange maintained by crystalloid osmosis. Figure (A) Intraperitoneal kinetics of MIXED SOLUTION for IP sodium (Na+ PF), Osmolarity PF and intraperitoneal pressure. (B, C, D) Comparison between MIXED SOLUTIONS (black line) vs Glucose solution 3,86 % (gray line) intraperitoneal kinetcs for sodium (B), intraperitoneal pressure (C) and glucose (D).