bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial profile, antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among clinically suspected children attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A prospective study
Authors: Fenta Adugna , Dagnew Mulat , Eshetie Setegn , Belachew Teshome 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. Understanding the characteristics of uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a particular setting can provide evidence for the appropriate management of cases. This study aimed to assess the bacterial profile of urinary tract infection, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors among clinically suspected children attending at Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February-April, 2019. A systematic sampling technique was employed. A mid-stream urine sample was inoculated on cystine lactose electrolyte deficient media and incubated for 24-48 hours. Sub-culturing was done on Mac-Conkey and blood agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on Muller-Hinton agar. A binary logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent factors. A p-value<0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 16.7% (95% CI 12.4-21.1). Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial isolates were recovered with a rate of 44/50 (88%) and 6/50 (12%) respectively. Among Gram-negative isolates, E. coli 28/44(63.6%) was predominant while S. saprophyticus 2/6(33.3%) was prevalent among Gram-positive bacterial isolates. Overall, a high level of resistance to ampicillin, Augmentin, and tetracycline was shown by Gram-negative bacteria with a rate of 44/44(100%), 39/44(88.6%), and36/44 (81.8%) respectively. About 33/50(66%) of overall multidrug resistance was observed (95% CI 52-78). About six Gram-negative bacterial isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Having a history of urinary tract infection (P-0.003, AOR 1.86-22.15) and male uncircumcision (p-0.00, AOR 5.5-65.35) were the independent variables that associate for urinary tract infections.
Clinical value of selected markers of angiogenesis, inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity in type 1 endometrial cancer
Authors: Terlikowska Katarzyna M. , Dobrzycka Bozena , Terlikowski Robert , Sienkiewicz Anna , Kinalski Maciej , Terlikowski Sławomir Jerzy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: It is a well-known fact show that the risk of developing endometrial cancer (type 1 EC) is strongly associated with obesity. In this study, selected markers, such as obesity, insulin resistance, angiogenesis and inflammation markers related to EC type 1 progression and patients’ survival data were analyzed.Methods: To measure levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin and C-peptide in 176 preoperative serum samples, the immunoassay technique (EMIT) has been applied.Results: Angiopoietin-2 levels increase with age (P=0.005), FIGO stage (p=0.042), myometrial invasion (P=0.009) and LVSI (P<0.001). The CRP levels increase with age (P=0.01), as well as the advancement of the FIGO stage (P<0.001), higher tumor grade (P=0.012), and myometrial invasion (P<0.001). A positive correlation between serum Ang-2 and CRP levels was demonstrated (r=0.44; p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high CRP levels in serum and Ang-2 presented a worse outcome (P=0.03 and P=0.015, respectively). Cox regression analysis of individual predictors revealed that high serum levels of Ang-2, CRP, advanced clinical FIGO stage (P<0.001, respectively), old age (P=0.013) were all significant overall survival predictors. By means of multivariate analysis, their predictive significance was confirmed.Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that serum levels of Ang-2 and CRP may serve as predictors for assessment of the clinical stage of type 1 EC and are significantly associated with poor prognosis. It is likely that angiogenesis and inflammation associated with obesity have a significant impact on EC type 1 progression and survival rate of patients.
The effect of the Presence of Children on Adult Smoking Behaviour: Empirical Evidence Based on China Family Panel Studies
Authors: LIN Haoxiang , Chang Chun , LIU Zhao , Tan huaqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite a number of studies linking family and marriage factors with health behaviour, the effects of children on the health behaviour of parents are still understudied. This study explored the association between the presence of children and adults’ smoking behaviours.Methods: This study used panel data from the China Family Panel Studies 2010 and 2012, and the data set included 23157 households and 45513 adults. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the association of the presence of children on adults’ smoking behaviours. Subgroup regression was used to examine heterogeneous effects.Results: Full sample regressions showed that the number of children was significantly inversely associated with smoking behaviour (OR=0.93; 95% 0.90-0.96). Further subsample regression finds that such effect is only significant among the high-education group (OR= 0.92; 95% 0.87-0.97), high-skill workers (OR= 0.89; 95% 0.80-0.99) and couples who had an age gap greater than 2 years (OR=0.91; 95% 0.88-0.95).Conclusions: Our findings confirm the existence of the upward intergenerational effect of the presence of children on adults’ smoking behaviour in China. However, such effects are not equal across all demographic characteristics. Future research could explore other parts of the upward mechanism and possible pathways for a stronger effect. In resource-poor areas, targeting cessation activities at those who have children at an early age may be an effective strategy.
Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among High School Adolescent Girls in Southern Uganda
Authors: Nabunya Proscovia , Damulira Christopher , Byansi William , Muwanga Joelynn , Bahar Ozge Sensoy , Namuwonge Flavia , Ighofose Eloho , Brathwaite Rachel , Tumwesige Wilberforce , Ssewamala Fred M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), adolescent girls and young women are three times more likely than boys to have depressive disorders. Understanding adolescents’ unique and common vulnerabilities and protective factors is essential for the development of appropriate interventions and programming focused on child and adolescent mental health. This paper examines the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among high school adolescent girls in southern Uganda. Methods: Baseline data from a longitudinal cluster randomized study involving 1260 adolescent girls (14–17 years), recruited from 47 secondary schools were utilized. Depressive symptoms were estimated using the 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was utilized to estimate key predictors of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Results: Of the total sample, 16.35% (n=206) reported severe depressive symptoms and almost one in every three adolescent girls interviewed (29.68%, n=374) reported moderate symptoms. These symptoms were more prevalent among older adolescents (16 years and above). In addition, family relationships, social support, as well as measures of psychological wellbeing (self-concept and self-esteem) were all associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Hopelessness was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, especially among older adolescent girls. In addition, family support factors and adolescents’ psychological wellbeing were associated with low levels of depressive symptoms –pointing to the need to strengthen family functioning and adolescent’s psychological wellbeing to mitigate risks. Taken together, findings support increasing calls for early screening and detection of depressive symptoms to facilitate timely referral to care and treatment. Findings may also inform the development and incorporation of gender-specific mental health components in programming targeting adolescent girls, in low-resource communities in SSA.Trial Registration: This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registrationnumber: NCT03307226) on 11 October 2017.
Retrospective analysis for the LNM risk factors and effect of chemotherapy for the early colorectal cancer: A Chinese multicenter study
Authors: Zeng Chunyan , Xiong Dandan , Cheng Fei , Luo Qingtian , Wang Qiang , Huang Jun , Lan Guilian , Zhong Huan , Chen Youxiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Estimating the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for determining subsequent treatments following curative resection of early colorectal cancer (ECC). This multicenter study analyzed the risk factors of LNM and the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with ECC.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 473 patients with ECC who underwent general surgery in five hospitals between January 2007 and October 2018. The correlations between LNM and sex, age, tumor size, tumor location, endoscopic morphology, pathology, depth of invasion and tumor budding (TB) were directly estimated based on postoperative pathological analysis. We also observed the overall survival (OS) and recurrence in ECC patients with and without LNM after matching according to baseline measures. Results In total, 473 ECC patients were observed, 288 patients were enrolled, and 17 patients had LNM (5.90%). The univariate analysis revealed that tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion were associated with LNM in ECC (P=0.026, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively), and the multivariate logistic regression confirmed that tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion were risk factors for LNM (P=0.021, 0.023, and 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in OS and recurrence between the ECC patients with and without LNM after matching based on baseline measures (P=0.158 and 0.346, respectively), and no significant difference was observed between chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in ECC patients without LNM after surgery (P=0.729 and 0.052).Conclusion Tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion are risk factors for predicting LNM in ECC patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy could improve OS and recurrence in patients with LNM but not always in ECC patients without LNM.
Clinical utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in Korea
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Jang Hyemin , Kang Sung Hoon , Kim Jaeho , Kim Ji-Sun , Kim Jun Pyo , Kim Hee Jin , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to erroneous posting.
Description of Emergency Medical Services, treatment of cardiac arrest patients and cardiac arrest registries in Europe
Authors: Tjelmeland Ingvild Beathe Myrhaugen , Masterson Siobhan , Herlitz Johan , Wnent Jan , Bossaert Leo , Ortiz Fernando Rosell , Alm-Kruse Kristin , Bein Berthold , Lilja Gisela , Gräsner Jan-Thorsten 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Variation in the incidence, survival rate and factors associated with survival after cardiac arrest in Europe is reported. Some studies have tried to fill the knowledge gap regarding the epidemiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe but were unable to identify reasons for the reported differences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe European Emergency Medical Systems, particularly from the perspective of country and ambulance service characteristics, cardiac arrest identification, dispatch, treatment, and monitoring.Methods: An online questionnaire with 51 questions about ambulance and dispatch characteristics, on-scene management of cardiac arrest and the availability and dataset in cardiac arrest registries, was sent to all national coordinators who participated in the European Registry of Cardiac Arrest studies. In addition, individual invitations were sent to the remaining European countries.Results: Participants from 28 European countries responded to the questionnaire. Results were combined with official information on population density. Overall, the number of Emergency Medical Service missions, level of training of personnel, availability of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services and the involvement of first responders varied across and within countries. There were similarities in team training, availability of key resuscitation equipment and permission for ongoing performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transported. The quality of reporting to cardiac arrest registries varied, as well as the data availability in the registries.Conclusions: Throughout Europe there are important differences in Emergency Medical Service systems and the response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Explaining these differences is complicated due to significant variation in how variables are reported to and used in registries.
Employment Changes among Chinese Family Caregivers of Long-Term Cancer Survivors
Authors: Liu Siqi , Su Mingzhu , Yao Nengliang , Zhang Nan , Wang Jialin , Anderson Roger. T. , Sun Xiaojie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Family caregivers (FCGs) play a key role in the plan of care provision for long-term cancer survivors, yet few studies have been conducted as for the corresponding influence on them. This study aimed to better understand the effect of such a role on the employment status of FCGs, and identify cancer-related characteristics that influence FCGs’ employment status in the post-treatment phase in China. Methods: We surveyed 1155 cancer survivors (>1 year since completing treatment) from the cross‐sectional study “China Survey of Experiences with Cancer”. Participants reported changes in employment status of their FCGs. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample of survivors and FCGs’ employment status. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between participant cancer characteristics and changes in FCGs’ employment status.Results: In the primary treatment phase, 45.6% of all FCGs reduced their working hours and 17.4% stopped working altogether. In the post-treatment phase, 25.2% of FCGs reduced working hours and 6.6% stopped working. A higher probability of change in employment status among FCGs was associated with the following cancer-related characteristics: late-stage diagnosis, chemotherapy treatment, comorbidity, and limited ability to perform physical and mental tasks.Conclusions: Cancer treatment and post-treatment demands may have a great number of impacts on the employment and economic productivity of Chinese FCGs. Interventions to assist them in maintaining employment are warranted across the whole survivorship trajectory.
Early gastric cancer with three gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors combined with synchronous colon cancer: A case report
Authors: Lee Sung Chul , Nam Kwangwoo , Nam Dajeong , Kwon Min A , Kim Dong-Wook 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: There have been very few reports of patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) and colorectal cancer combined with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).Case presentation: We report the case of a patient with multiple tumors that were found at the same time in the abdomen. The patient was a 77-year-old man who was referred for a gastric GIST. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed the known lesion (a gastric GIST) on the lesser curvature of the upper body and a new lesion on the lesser curvature of the lower body of the stomach with suspicion of EGC. Computed tomography findings confirmed the presence of a GIST in the stomach and revealed two new lesions. One of these lesions was suspected to be a 4-cm submucosal tumor on the anterior wall of the upper body of the stomach. The other was a wall thickening of the descending colon that demonstrated the possibility of malignancy. Synchronous colon cancer was confirmed on colonoscopy. Laparoscopic near-total gastrectomy with D1+ lymph node dissection and left hemicolectomy were performed sequentially without significant events. The patient was discharged without any postoperative complications.Conclusions: We reported a rare case of EGC with multiple gastric GISTs combined with synchronous colon cancer.
A prediction model of Contrast-associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Hypoalbuminemia Undergoing Coronary Angiography
Authors: Liu Liwei , Liu Jin , Lei Li , Wang Bo , Sun Guoli , Guo Zhaodong , He Yibo , Song Feier , Lun Zhubin , Liu Bowen , Chen Guanzhong , Chen Shiqun , Yang Yongquan , Liu Yong , Chen Jiyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Risk stratification is recommended as the key step to prevent contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) among at-risk patients following coronary angiography (CAG) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with hypoalbuminemia are prone to CA-AKI and do not have their own risk stratification tool. Therefore, this study developed and validated a new model for predicting CA-AKI among hypoalbuminemia patients CAG/PCI.Methods: 1272 patients with hypoalbuminemia receiving CAG/PCI were enrolled and randomly allocated (2:1 ratio) into the development cohort (n = 848) and the validation cohort (n = 424). CA-AKI was defined as an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL or 50% in serum creatinine (SCr) compared to baseline in the 48 to 72 hours after CAG/PCI. A prediction model was established with independent predictors according to stepwise logistic regression, showing as a nomogram. The discrimination of the new model was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) and was compared to the classic Mehran CA-AKI model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was conducted to assess the calibration of our model.Results: Overall, 8.4% (71/848) patients of the development group and 11.2% (48/424) patients of the validation group experienced CA-AKI. A new nomogram included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum albumin (ALB), age and the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP); showed better predictive ability than the Mehran score (C-index 0.756 vs. 0.693, p = 0.02); and had good calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow test p = 0.187). Conclusions: We developed a simple model for predicting CA-AKI among patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing CAG/PCI, but our findings need validating externally.Trial registration: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01400295, retrospectively registered 21 July 2011.
carbon and nitrogen metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium
Authors: Viana Waldemar , Neto Cândido Oliveira , Filho Benedito , Cruz Eniel , Amarante Cristine , Fonseca Vinicius , Nogueira Glauco , Nascimento Vitor , Sousa Diana , teixeira Jessica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Virola surinamensis is a forest species widely distributed in the estuaries of the Amazon. These ecosystems are susceptible to contamination by Cadmium (Cd), indicating that the plant has strategies for tolerating this metal. The aim of this study was to assess the nitrogen and carbon metabolism of young plants of Ucuúba (Virola surinamensis) in the presence of cadmium with the perspective of the phytoremediation of contaminated environments. The used experimental design was a completely randomized design with five Cd concentrations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg L−1), for 60 days. In general, Cd did not affect nitrate concentration in the root but had a positive effect on leaves. The reduction of nitrate reductase (NR) in plants exposed to Cd was followed by a decrease in ammonia, total soluble amino acids (TSA), and total soluble proteins (TSP). Cd promoted an increase in the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), proline, sucrose, and reducing sugars in the plants. The increase in TSC, sucrose and proline, suggests a metabolic regulatory mechanism of V. surinamensis against Cd stress.
Phenotypic overlap between atopic dermatitis and autism
Authors: Shin Kyong-Oh , Crumrine Debra , Kim Sungeun , Lee Yerin , Kim Bogyeong , Abuabara Katrina , Park Chaehyeong , Uchida Yoshikazu , Wakefield Joan , Meyer Jason , Jeong Sekyoo , Park Byeong Deog , Park Kyungho , Elias Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Autism, a childhood behavioral disorder, belongs to a large suite of diseases, collectively referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Though multifactorial in etiology, approximately 10% of ASD are associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, ASD prevalence increases further as AD severity worsens, though these disorders share no common causative mutations. We assessed here the link between these two disorders in the standard, valproic acid mouse model of ASD. In prior studies, there was no evidence of skin involvement, but we hypothesized that cutaneous involvement could be detected in experiments conducted in BALB/c mice. BALB/c is an albino, laboratory-bred strain of the house mouse and is among the most widely used inbred strains used in animal experimentation.Methods: We performed our studies in valproic acid (VPA)-treated BALB/c hairless mice. Mid-trimester pregnant mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of either valproic acid sodium salt dissolved in saline or saline alone on embryonic day 12.5 and were housed individually until postnatal day 21. Only the brain and epidermis appeared to be affected, while other tissues remain unchanged. At various post-natal time points, brain, skin and blood samples were obtained for histology and for quantitation of tissue sphingolipid content and cytokine levels.Results: AD-like changes in ceramide content occurred by day one post-partum in both VPA-treated mouse skin and brain. The temporal co-emergence of AD and ASD, and the AD phenotype-dependent increase in ASD prevalence correlated with the early appearance of Th2 markers (i.e., interleukin [IL]-4, 5, & 13, mast cells) in the skin and brain. The high levels of interferon (IFN)g not only in skin, but also in brain likely account for a significant decrease in very-long-chain N-acyl fatty acids in brain ceramides that again mimicked known IFNg-induced changes in AD. Conclusion: The baseline involvement of both AD and ASD could reflect concurrent neuro- and epidermal toxicity, possibly because both the epidermis and neural tissues originate from the embryonic neuroectoderm These studies illuminate the shared susceptibility of the brain and epidermis to a known neurotoxin, suggesting that ASD could be included within the atopic diathesis.