bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Traditional Snack for Children, by Using Bio-Fortified Pearl Millet, Carrot and Sesame for Its Formulation
Authors: Bansal Tanvi , Kawatra Asha 
Published: August 2020

Purpose: Malnutrition has been a major setback for the development of various countries for a very long time. Together with insufficient food accessibility, unawareness about making the right food choices is also one of the contributing factors to malnourishment. Meeting up the nutritional requirements is extremely important for all the age groups and this arises the need for nutrient-dense food products.
Methodology: Keeping this in view, the study was planned for the utilization of biofortified pearl millet varieties (HHB-299 and Dhanshakti) for formulating a traditional snack (gulgule), with incorporation of carrot powder and sesame. Four combinations of gulgule were prepared based on both the varieties of pearl millet separately. Control- Without carrot powder and sesame, Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3 contained 20%, 30 and 40% of carrot powder, respectively and 20% sesame. Organoleptic evaluation of all variants was done based on a nine-point hedonic scale. Nutritional parameters including proximate composition and total minerals were assessed for variants with highest organoleptic scores.
Findings: All the variants were found acceptable in terms of organoleptic attributes and the highest scores were obtained for H-Type-2 gulgule. The nutritional composition was evaluated for Control and Type-2 variants based on both the varieties of pearl millet. The results for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, and crude fiber ranged from 30.65-32.62, 8.22-13.36, 33.86-39.18, 0.59-1.63 and 1.06-2.30 percent, respectively. Total mineral content increased significantly on the addition of carrot powder and sesame. The amount of calcium, iron, and zinc ranged between 39.44 & 320.33, 6.57 & 8.21, and 1.91. & 3.22 mg/100 g, respectively for both Control and Type-2.
Practical Implications: Just 50 grams of Type-2 gulgule accounts for almost 1/4thRDA of Calcium, iron, and zinc for 7-9 year children.
Value: The formulated product can be readily consumed by children, being rich in energy, protein, minerals, and β-carotene and convenient in preparation.
PEMBENAHAN WEB PROFIL SINODE GEREJA KRISTEN JAWA
Authors: Susanto Budi 
Published: August 2020

The GKJ Synod Web had undergone several modifications independently. It led to a vulnerability condition that cost system breaches. Building the web application independently in limited security resource was the main problem for GKJ Synod. In order to resolve the problem, the GKJ Synod collaborated with FTI UKDW. Wordpress was implemented to restore the the GKJ Synod web. The restoration process, requirement and content analysis, and information architecture design. Based on the information architecture design, the website had been setup and then the team empowered the Data and Multimedia Information Service Center of GKJ Synod to maintain the web application and the contents. The installed WordPress utilised the VPS service with an additional SSL security protocol that provides development support and security. Thie web application project will continue to the next stage which is online document management services.
Technical note: Atlas‐based Auto‐segmentation of masticatory muscles for head and neck cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Zhang Xiangguo , Chen Haihui , Chen Wen , Dyer Brandon A. , Chen Quan , Benedict Stanley H. , Rao Shyam , Rong Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe study aimed to use quantitative geometric and dosimetric metrics to assess the accuracy of atlas‐based auto‐segmentation of masticatory muscles (MMs) compared to manual drawn contours for head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy (RT).Materials and methodsFifty‐eight patients with HNC treated with RT were analyzed. Paired MMs (masseter, temporalis, and medial and lateral pterygoids) were manually delineated on planning computed tomography (CT) images for all patients. Twenty‐nine patients were used to generate the MM atlas. Using this atlas, automatic segmentation of the MMs was performed for the remaining 29 patients without manual correction. Auto‐segmentation accuracy for MMs was compared using dice similarity coefficients (DSCs), Hausdorff distance (HD), HD95, and variation in the center of mass (∆COM). The dosimetric impact on MMs was calculated (∆dose) using dosimetric parameters (D99%, D95%, D50%, and D1%), and compared with the geometric indices to test correlation.ResultsDSCmean ranges from 0.79 ± 0.04 to 0.85 ± 0.04, HDmean from 0.43 ± 0.08 to 0.82 ± 0.26 cm, HD95mean from 0.32 ± 0.08 to 0.42 ± 0.16 cm, and ∆COMmean from 0.18 ± 0.11 to 0.33 ± 0.23 cm. The mean MM volume difference was < 15%. The correlation coefficient (r) of geometric and dosimetric indices for the four MMs ranges between −0.456 and 0.300.ConclusionsAtlas‐based auto‐segmentation for masticatory muscles provides geometrically accurate contours compared to manual drawn contours. Dose obtained from those auto‐segmented contours is comparable to that from manual drawn contours. Atlas‐based auto‐segmentation strategy for MM in HN radiotherapy is readily availalbe for clinical implementation.
Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite Cs3Bi2xSb2–2xI9 (x≈ 0.3) Possessing the Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Comparable to that of (CH3NH3)PbI3
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Wang Peng , Wu Yaqiang , Zhang Qianqian , Wu Qian , Wang Zeyan , Zheng Zhaoke , Liu Yuanyuan , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLead‐free perovskites Cs3Bi2xSb2–2xI9 (x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) are prepared by a co‐precipitation method and their photocatalytic performance for hydrogen production is studied in aqueous HI solution. Compared with the lead‐based perovskite (CH3NH3)PbI3, Cs3Bi2xSb2–2xI9 has a better catalytic performance under air mass 1.5 G (AM 1.5 G) simulated sunlight (100 mW cm−2), powders of Cs3Bi0.6Sb1.4I9 (100 mg) loaded with Pt nanoparticles show < H2 evolution rate of 92.6 µmol h−1, which greatly exceeds that of (CH3NH3)PbI3 powders loaded with Pt nanoparticles (100 mg catalyst, 4 µmol h−1). The Cs3Bi2xSb2–2xI9 has a high stability, with no apparent decrease in catalytic activity after five consecutive H2 evolution experiments. The doping of Sb in Cs3Bi2xSb2–2xI9 effectively reduces the contribution of Bi3+ on the conduction band, attenuating the effect of Bi vacancy on band structure. Compared with pure Cs3Bi2I9 and Cs3Sb2I9, Cs3Bi2xSb2–2xI9 has fewer midgap states and better optical absorption, which greatly enhances its performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Emerging Roles of 1D Vertical Nanostructures in Orchestrating Immune Cell Functions
Authors: Chen Yaping , Wang Ji , Li Xiangling , Hu Ning , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Xie Xi , Elnathan Roey 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEngineered nano–bio cellular interfaces driven by 1D vertical nanostructures (1D‐VNS) are set to prompt radical progress in modulating cellular processes at the nanoscale. Here, tuneable cell–VNS interfacial interactions are probed and assessed, highlighting the use of 1D‐VNS in immunomodulation, and intracellular delivery into immune cells—both crucial in fundamental and translational biomedical research. With programmable topography and adaptable surface functionalization, 1D‐VNS provide unique biophysical and biochemical cues to orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity, both ex vivo and in vivo. The intimate nanoscale cell–VNS interface leads to membrane penetration and cellular deformation, facilitating efficient intracellular delivery of diverse bioactive cargoes into hard‐to‐transfect immune cells. The unsettled interfacial mechanisms reported to be involved in VNS‐mediated intracellular delivery are discussed. By identifying up‐to‐date progress and fundamental challenges of current 1D‐VNS technology in immune‐cell manipulation, it is hoped that this report gives timely insights for further advances in developing 1D‐VNS as a safe, universal, and highly scalable platform for cell engineering and enrichment in advanced cancer immunotherapy such as chimeric antigen receptor‐T therapy.
Spin Wave Excitation, Detection, and Utilization in the Organic‐Based Magnet, V(TCNE)x (TCNE = Tetracyanoethylene)
Authors: Liu Haoliang , Malissa Hans , Stolley Ryan M. , Singh Jaspal , Groesbeck Matthew , Popli Henna , Kavand Marzieh , Chong Su Kong , Deshpande Vikram V. , Miller Joel S. , Boehme Christoph , Vardeny Z. Valy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpin waves, quantized as magnons, have low energy loss and magnetic damping, which are critical for devices based on spin‐wave propagation needed for information processing devices. The organic‐based magnet [V(TCNE)x; TCNE = tetracyanoethylene; x ≈ 2] has shown an extremely low magnetic damping comparable to, for example, yttrium iron garnet (YIG). The excitation, detection, and utilization of coherent and non‐coherent spin waves on various modes in V(TCNE)x is demonstrated and show that the angular momentum carried by microwave‐excited coherent spin waves in a V(TCNE)x film can be transferred into an adjacent Pt layer via spin pumping and detected using the inverse spin Hall effect. The spin pumping efficiency can be tuned by choosing different excited spin wave modes in the V(TCNE)x film. In addition, it is shown that non‐coherent spin waves in a V(TCNE)x film, excited thermally via the spin Seebeck effect, can also be used as spin pumping source that generates an electrical signal in Pt with a sign change in accordance with the magnetization switching of the V(TCNE)x. Combining coherent and non‐coherent spin wave detection, the spin pumping efficiency can be thermally controlled, and new insight is gained for the spintronic applications of spin wave modes in organic‐based magnets.
Nano‐Twisted Double Helix Carbon Debris Improves the Wear Resistance of Ultra‐Thick Diamond‐Like Carbon Coatings
Authors: Sui Xudong , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Shuaituo , Yan Mingming , Li Wensheng , Hao Junying , Liu Weimin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThick diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coatings with different silicon (Si) transition layer thickness are deposited by hollow cathode plasma immersion coating technology. The results show that the internal stress of the coating can be tuned by changing the deposition time of Si transition layer, thereby obtaining good adhesion strength. Friction and wear results show that all coatings have good tribological properties. The coating with 8 min Si transition layer (Si‐8) demonstrates the lowest friction coefficient (μ ≈ 0.03), even achieves ultralow friction (μ ≈ 0.008) for a short time. However, the wear rate of Si‐8 coating is found to be the largest (2.1 × 10−16 m3 (N m)−1. The low friction coefficient of Si‐8 coating is related to its high degree of graphitization, complete transfer film and fine wear debris. In contrast, the Si‐16 coating has the lowest wear rate of about 5.6 × 10−17 m3 (N m)−1 with a relatively high friction coefficient (μ ≈ 0.1). This is due to its high hardness and the formation of a nano‐twisted double helix carbon debris during the friction process. This nano‐twisted double helix structure can consume additional plastic deformation energy, while reducing the interface contact area and increasing the interface bearing capacity, thereby improving the wear resistance of the thick DLC coating.
Ambipolar Plasmon‐Enhanced Photodetector Built on Germanium Nanodots Array/Graphene Hybrid
Authors: Gao Min , Tian Ziao , Tang Shiwei , Han Xiaowen , Zhang Miao , Xue Zhongying , Zhu Wei , Mei Yongfeng , Chu Paul K. , Wang Gang , Di Zengfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraphene with gate‐tunable electronic properties is promising as the channel materials in ambipolar multifunctional photodetectors. However, owing to the zero bandgap and weak light absorption, photodetectors fabricated on pristine graphene have low photoresponsivity. Herein, an ambipolar multifunctional photodetector with improved photocurrent and response speed is constructed on germanium (Ge) nanodots array‐decorated graphene. The photocurrent map and simulated electric field distributions reveal that the enhanced photo‐response is attributed to the localized surface plasmonic resonance effects by trapping light around the Ge nanodots. The photodetector exhibits ambipolar photo‐response and the photocurrents can be tuned from negative to positive by applying different gate voltages due to the gate‐tunable Fermi level of graphene. This ambipolar photodetector with fast response has excellent potential in imaging and sensing arrays as well as multifunctional photodetectors.
Self‐Assembled, 10 nm‐Tailored, Near Infrared Plasmonic Metasurface Acting as Broadband Omnidirectional Polarizing Mirror
Authors: Soria Esther , Gomez‐Rodriguez Pilar , Tromas Christophe , Camelio Sophie , Babonneau David , Serna Rosalia , Gonzalo José , Toudert Johann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlasmonic metasurfaces tailored at the few‐nanometers scale and fabricated by high‐throughput lithography‐free methods are needed to efficiently produce optical components with optimal performance and small footprint. Herein, the design of such metasurfaces and their fabrication over cm2 areas by self‐assembly are reported. They present an optical cavity structure, in which a 2D array of parallel Au nanorods is coupled to a metal mirror through a thin spacer. The nanorods present a quasi‐monodisperse ≈10 nm diameter and separation, and a broad polydisperse length distribution. These remarkable nanostructural features, combining periodicity in one direction with randomness in another, endow the nanorod array with unconventional plasmonic and anisotropic effective optical properties. Thanks to these properties, for light polarized along the nanorods, the metasurface displays strong destructive optical interference and thus near‐perfect absorption over a broad range of angles of incidence and of wavelengths in the near infrared. In contrast, for light polarized perpendicular to the nanorods, no such interference occurs and thus the metasurface behaves as a metal mirror. In sum, the metasurface can be used as broadband omnidirectional polarizing mirror, an original thin and monolithic optical component merging the functionalities of a metal mirror and of a wire‐grid polarizer.
Diastereoselective Trapping of Transient Carboxylic Oxonium Ylides with α,β‐Unsaturated 2‐Acyl Imidazoles
Authors: Zhang Mengchu , Zhang Tianyuan , Zhang Dan , Hu Wenhao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy developing a diastereoselective reaction of cyclopropene carboxylic acids with α,β‐unsaturated 2‐acyl imidazoles, we reported here a Michael‐type trapping of transient carboxylic oxonium ylides. This transformation provides a direct approach for the construction of valuable γ‐butenolide derivatives in good yields (60–99%) with high diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr) under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone by Means of a Tailored and Optimized Oxidative Heck Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Cirillo Davide , Angelucci Francesco , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA general and selective Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aromatic boronic acids with vinyl‐imidazoles is disclosed. Unlike most cross‐coupling reactions, this method operates well in absence of bases avoiding the formation of by‐products. The reactivity is highly enhanced by the presence of nitrogen‐based ligands, in particular bathocuproine. The method involves MnO2 as oxidant for the oxidation Pd (0)→Pd (II), a much weaker oxidant than previously reported in the literature. This allows for the use of reactants that possess a multitude of functional groups. A scope and limitation study involving a series of 24 boronic acids, whereof 18 afforded TMs in yields in the range 41–95%. The disclosed method constitutes the first general method for the oxidative Heck cross‐coupling on the imidazole scaffold, which moreover operates with a selection of other heterocycles.magnified image
A High Throughput and Unbiased Machine Learning Approach for Classification of Graphene Dispersions
Authors: Abedin Md. Joynul , Barua Titon , Shaibani Mahdokht , Majumder Mainak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSignificant research to define and standardize terminologies for describing stacks of atomic layers in bulk graphene materials has been undertaken. Most methods to measure the stacking characteristics are time consuming and are not suited for obtaining information by directly imaging dispersions. Conventional optical microscopy has difficulty in identifying the size and thickness of a few layers of graphene stacks due to their low photon absorption capacity. Utilizing a contrast based on anisotropic refractive index in 2D materials, it is shown that localized thickness‐specific information can be captured in birefringence images of graphene dispersions. Coupling pixel‐by‐pixel information from brightfield and birefringence images and using unsupervised statistical learning algorithms, three unique data clusters representing flakes (unexfoliated), nanoplatelets (partially exfoliated), and 2D sheets (well‐exfoliated) species in various laboratory‐based and commercial dispersions of graphene and graphene oxide are identified. The high‐throughput, multitasking capability of the approach to classify stacking at sub‐nanometer to micrometer scale and measure the size, thickness, and concentration of exfoliated‐species in generic dispersions of graphene/graphene oxide are demonstrated. The method, at its current stage, requires less than half an hour to quantitatively assess one sample of graphene/graphene oxide dispersion.
Developmental transitions in body color in chacma baboon infants: Implications to estimate age and developmental pace
Authors: Dezeure Jules , Dagorrette Julie , Baniel Alice , Carter Alecia J. , Cowlishaw Guy , Marshall Harry H. , Martina Claudia , Raby Cassandra L. , Huchard Elise 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn many primates, one of the most noticeable morphological developmental traits is the transition from natal fur and skin color to adult coloration. Studying the chronology and average age at such color transitions can be an easy and noninvasive method to (a) estimate the age of infants whose dates of birth were not observed, and (b) detect interindividual differences in the pace of development for infants with known birth dates.Materials and MethodsUsing a combination of photographs and field observations from 73 infant chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) of known ages, we (a) scored the skin color of six different body parts from pink to gray, as well as the color of the fur from black to gray; (b) validated our method of age estimation using photographic and field observations on an independent subset of 22 infants with known date of birth; and (c) investigated ecological, social, and individual determinants of age‐related variation in skin and fur color.ResultsOur results show that transitions in skin color can be used to age infant chacma baboons less than 7 months old with accuracy (median number of days between actual and estimated age = 10, range = 0–86). We also reveal that food availability during the mother's pregnancy, but not during lactation, affects infant color‐for‐age and therefore acts as a predictor of developmental pace.DiscussionThis study highlights the potential of monitoring within‐ and between‐infant variation in color to estimate age when age is unknown, and developmental pace when age is known.
LipHosomes: Reporters for Ligand/Anti‐Ligand Assays Based On pH Readout
Authors: Tripepi Martina , Bennardi Paolo O. , Ferrauto Giuseppe , Aime Silvio , Delli Castelli Daniela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new class of liposomes (LipHosomes) is designed to induce a change of pH upon releasing their content. pH‐readout reports on the number of LipHosomes in the specimen. LipHosomes were prepared by entrapping NaOH or bicarbonate buffer in the intravesicular compartment. The liposomes suspension was purified from unentrapped compounds and brought to pH 7.0. The pH gradient between intra‐ and extra‐liposomal compartments is maintained because the phospholipidic membrane works as a semipermeable membrane thus preventing diffusion of ions across the membrane. The release of the liposomal content triggers a quantifiable variation of the pH of the medium. This feature has been harnessed in analytical assays based on ligand/anti‐ligand molecular recognition by exploiting the biotin‐streptavidin binding scheme. A pH difference of 0.2 units was observed upon the release of the payload from biotinylated LipHosomes bound to streptavidinated plates. The test showed an excellent sensitivity being able to reveal a concentration of bound LipHosomes in the sub‐pM range.
Anomalously Slow Conformational Change Dynamics of Polar Groups Anchored to Hydrophobic Surfaces in Aqueous Media
Authors: Fu Tengfei , Xing Hao , Silver Eric S. , Itoh Yoshimitsu , Chen Shuo , Masuda Takuya , Uosaki Kohei , Huang Feihe , Aida Takuzo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWater molecules within a thin hydration layer, spontaneously generated on hydrophobic protein surfaces, are reported to form a poorly dynamic network structure. However, how such a water network affects the conformational change dynamics of polar groups has never been explored, although such polar groups play a critical role in protein‐protein and protein‐ligand interactions. In the present work, we utilized as model protein surfaces a series of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) appended with polar (Fmoc) or ionic (FITC) fluorescent head groups that were tethered via a 1.5‐nm‐long flexible oligoether chain to a hydrophobic silicon wafer surface, which was densely covered with paraffinic chains. We found that, not only in deionized water but also in aqueous buffer, these oligoether‐appended head groups at ambient temperatures both displayed an anomalously slow conformational change, which required ∼10 h to reach a thermodynamically equilibrated state. We suppose that these behaviors reflect the poorly dynamic and low‐permittivity natures of the thin hydration layer.
The effects of video modeling on staff implementation of behavioral procedures in China
Authors: Lim Nataly , Hu Xiaoyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a video modeling (VM) procedure at teaching three staff members who were working with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to implement a token economy, use an error correction procedure, and conduct a multiple stimulus without replacement preference assessment. The study was conducted at a summer camp for children with ASD located on a university campus and at a school for students with special needs in mainland China. All participants successfully generalized instructional skills learned during the VM intervention to sessions with children with ASD. Maintenance of instructional skills was also seen during follow‐up. These results indicate VM to be an economical and effective approach to training staff to implement various behavioral strategies. Moreover, the validity of VM as an effective intervention for staff training is increased by inclusion of blind ratings by five Board Certified Behavior Analysts.