bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) deamidation and indirect regulation of the NAD metabolome
Authors: Kim Lynn-Jee , Chalmers Timothy , Smith Greg , Li Catherine , Das Abhirup , Poon Wing Keung Eric , Wang Jun , Tucker Simon , Sinclair David , Quek Lake-Ee , Wu Lindsay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a prominent strategy to address the age-related decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels for maintaining aspects of late-life health. It is assumed that exogenous NMN is directly incorporated into the NAD+ metabolome in mammals via the canonical recycling pathway. Here, we show that NMN can undergo direct deamidation and incorporation via the de novo pathway, which is in part mediated by the gut microbiome. Surprisingly, isotope labelling studies revealed that exogenous NMN treatment potently increased the endogenous production of unlabelled NAD metabolites, suggesting that exogenous NMN impacts the NAD metabolome through indirect means, rather than through its direct incorporation. This included a striking increase in endogenous production of the metabolites nicotinic acid riboside (NaR) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) which was amplified in antibiotics treated animals, suggesting the production of endogenous NaR/NR through altered metabolic flux, enzyme kinetics and/or an as-yet unidentified pathway that interacts with the gut microbiome.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-based Radiomics Nomogram for Prediction of the Histopathological Grade of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Two-center Study
Authors: Yan Ruixin , Hao Dapeng , Li Jie , Liu Jihua , Hou Feng , Chen Haisong , Duan Lisha , Huang Chencui , Wang Hexiang , Yu Tengbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Preoperative prediction of the soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) grade is important for treatment decisions. To preoperatively distinguish low-grade (grades I and II) and high-grade (grade III) STSs, we developed and validated the performance of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics nomogram.Methods: Patients with an STS based on the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group grading system at two independent institutions were enrolled (training set, n = 109; external validation set, n = 71). The minimum redundancy maximum relevance method and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression were used to process feature selection and radiomics signature development. Three radiomics signature models were constructed based on T1-weighted imaging (RS-T1 model) and fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging sequences (RS-FST2 model) and their combination (RS-Combined model). Model performance (discrimination capability, calibration curve, and clinical usefulness) was evaluated in the external validation set. Results: The RS-T1 model, RS-FST2 model, and RS-Combined model achieved predictive abilities with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.645, 0.641, and 0.829, respectively, in the external validation set. The nomogram, incorporating significant clinical factors and the RS-Combined model, showed extremely high predictive ability in the training set and external validation set with AUCs of 0.916 (95% confidence interval, 0.866–0.966) and 0.879 (0.791–0.967), respectively. The nomogram achieved significant patient stratification.Conclusions: The proposed noninvasive MRI-based radiomics nomogram shows superior predictive performance in differentiating low-grade from high-grade STS.
Deflection Error Prediction and Minimization in 5-Axis Milling Operations of Thin-Walled Impeller Blades
Authors: Soori Mohsen , Asmael Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To enhance accuracy as well as efficiency in process of machining operations, the virtual machining systems are developed. Free from surfaces of sophisticated parts such as turbine blades, airfoils, impellers, and aircraft components are produced by using the 5-axis CNC machine tools which can be analyzed and developed by using virtual machining systems. The machining operations of thin walled structures such as impeller blades are with deflection errors due to cutting forces and cutting temperatures. The flexibility of thin walled impeller blades can cause machining defects such as overcut or undercut. So, the desired accuracy in the machined impeller blades can be achieved by decreasing the deflection error in the machining operations. To minimize the deflection of machined impeller blades, optimized machining parameters can be obtained. An application of virtual machining system in predicting and minimizing the deflection errors of 5-Axis CNC machining operations of impeller blades is presented in the study to increase accuracy and efficiency in process of part production. The finite element analysis is applied to obtain the deflection error in machined impeller blades. In order to minimize the deflection error of impeller blades in the machining operations, the optimization methodology based on the Genetic algorithm is applied. The impeller is machined by using the 5-axis CNC machine tool in order to validate the developed virtual machining system in the study. Then, the machined impeller is measured by using the CMM machines to obtain the deflection error. As a result, the deflection error of in machining operations of impeller by using 5-Axis CNC machine tools can be decreased in order to enhance accuracy and efficiency of part manufacturing.
FHL3 Contributes to EMT and Chemotherapy Resistance Through Inhibiting Ubiquitination of Slug and Activating TGFβ/Smad-Independent Pathways in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Cao Guodong , Li Pengping , Sun Qiang , Chen Sihan , Xu Xin , He Xiaobo , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Peng , Xiong Maoming , Chen Bo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer presents high risk of metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Hence, the mechanistic understanding of the tumor metastasis and chemotherapy resistance is quietly important.Methods: TCGA database and clinical samples are used for exploring the role of FHL3 in disease progression and prognosis. The roles of FHL3 in metastasis and chemotherapy resistance are explored in vitro and in vivo by siRNA or shRNA treatment. Finally, we explore the FHL3-mediated EMT and chemotherapy resistance.Results: mRNA and protein level of FHL3 is significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues when compares with it in adjacent tissue. Higher expression level of FHL3 companies with worse overall survival in gastric cancer. OPH resistance cells show higher level of FHL3 and mesenchymal phenotype. Knockdown of FHL3 slightly inhibits the cell growth, while it obviously sensitizes the chemotherapy in vivo and in vitro. In addition, down-regulation of FHL3 decreases the mesenchymal markers, such as Slug, Snail, Twist1, and vimentin, while increases the epithelial marker E-cadherin. For mechanism study, FHL3 knockdown down-regulates the expression level or activity of MAPK/ERK pathway and TGFβ/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β-RNF146/ubiquitin pathway in OPH resistance cells. Mesenchymal phenotype cells hold higher level of MDR1, and the FHL3 knockdown reverts the MDR1 in this type cell. Conclusion: FHL3 is a risk of disease progression in gastric cancer. MAPK and PI3K pathways were activated when FHL3 induces EMT and drug resistance process, but the TGFβ/Smad -dependent pathway did not participate in the process. FHL3 competitively bond the ubiquitin complex (slug/GSK3β/RNF146) with slug, inhibit ubiquitination of Slug.
Difficulties of Prevention and Control Staff in COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Study Based on Five Provinces
Authors: Du Zhicheng , You Hua , Zhou Huan , Wang Xiaohui , Xu Jingdong , Li Yan , Li Shan , Ma Lina , Gu Jing , Hao Yuantao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to address the difficulties encountered by epidemic control staff in the early and middle stages of their efforts to combat COVID-19, compare the gaps among different types of institutions, and identify shortcomings in epidemic control. Methods: Using multi-stage sampling, a survey of primary (“primary-urban” and “primary-rural”) and non-primary (“CDC”) public health workers involved in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in five provinces, including Hubei, Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Gansu, was conducted from 18 February to 1 March 2020 through a self-administered questionnaire.Results: A total of 9475 outbreak prevention and control workers were surveyed, of which 40.0% were from the primary-rural, 27.0% were from the primary-urban and 33.0% were CDC. Resources shortage was reported at 27.9%, with the primary-rural being the worst affected (OR=1.201, 95%CI: 1.073-1.345). Difficulties in data processing were reported at 31.5%, with no significant differences among institutions. Communication and coordination difficulties were reported at 29.8%, with the CDC being the most serious (the rural primary: OR=0.520, 95%CI: 0.446-0.606; the primary-urban: OR=0.533, 95%CI: 0.454-0.625). Work object difficulties were reported at 20.2%, with the primary-urban being the worst (OR=1.368, 95%CI: 1.199-1.560). Psychological distress was reported at 48.8%, with no significant differences among institutions.Conclusions: Psychological distress is the most serious problem in the prevention and control of COVID-19, and the resources shortage in primary-rural, communication and coordination difficulties in CDC, and difficulties in working with the target population in the primary-urban deserve attention. This study will provide a scientific basis for improving the national public health emergency management system, especially for reducing the urban-rural differences in emergency response capacity.
Using the RE-AIM Framework in Formative Evaluation of the EAT Family Style Multilevel Intervention
Authors: Dev Dipti A. , Padasas Irene , Hillburn Carly , Carraway-Stage Virginia , Dzewaltowski David A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Ecological Approach To (EAT) Family Style is a 16-week responsive feeding Early Care and Education (ECE) intervention, utilizing a multilevel improvement system of 4 implementation strategies: (a) provision of a 7-lesson, on-line professional development training for administrators and teachers (b) administrative support; (c) performance monitoring, feedback, and assistance through follow-up coaching; and (d) use of incentives. The 7 lessons cover role modeling, peer modeling, sensory exploration, self-regulation, children serve themselves, praise and rewards, and family engagement, each relying on goal setting. The evidence-based practices and implementation system was delivered to ECE administrators and teachers completing one online lesson/week followed by a coaching session with a trained coach. EAT Family Style is guided by the self-determination theory. The objective of this study was to evaluate the EAT Family Style intervention through the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.Methods Center-based ECE administrators (n=8) and teachers (n=17) caring for preschool (3-5 years) children and coaches (n=9) who participated in the EAT Family Style intervention were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and coded deductively by 3 coders using RE-AIM dimensions as a priori codes and placed into themes and sub-themes using thematic analysis. Results All participants perceived that EAT Family Style improved children’s nutritional and developmental outcomes and encouraged a positive mealtime environment (Effectiveness). Coaches and administrators reported EAT Family Style aligned with their professional goals and beliefs. Coaches found professional development incentives important, whereas administrators/teachers specifically valued in-service training credit hours (Adoption). Teachers reported successful implementation of EAT Family Style practices in the classroom. Administrators and coaches supported the teachers through administrative and coaching strategies (Implementation). All participants reported they intended to continue using the intervention. Administrators and teachers discussed incorporating EAT Family Style practices into handbook/school policy (Maintenance).Conclusion(s) EAT Family Style was viewed as feasible by participants. Its 4-pronged implementation strategy has the potential to improve the uptake of evidence-informed feeding practices in ECEs.
Pre-peritoneal Pelvic Pack with External Fixator versus Pelvic Pack Alone for Hemodynamically Unstable Patients with Pelvic Fracture; a Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Khoshmohabat Hadi , Paydar Shahram , Agah Mohammad Amin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPelvic fracture is one of the most common cause of death in traumatic patients. This study was designed to compare the outcome, morbidity and complications of treatment with pre-peritoneal pelvic pack with external fixator against pelvic pack alone in traumatic pelvic fracture and unstable hemodynamic patients.MethodsIn a retrospective case control study, patients with pelvic fracture and unstable hemodynamic state who referred to emergency and surgery department from August 2018 to August 2019 were enrolled by census manner. In the control group, 25 patients treated just by a pre-peritoneal pack (PPP group), while in the case group, pre-peritoneal pack and external fixator was done as the procedure to control bleeding (PPP Plus fixator group) in 22 individuals. Two groups were compared for presence of thromboembolism, hospital stay, infection, BUN, creatinine, rate of blood transfusion and mortality. ResultsMean age of participants were 34.48 ± 13.79 in pelvic pack group, while it was 32.36±16.29 in PPP plus external fixator ones. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 23.12±9.85 in Pelvic Pack group, and 19.22±8.09 in PPP plus external fixator group. Acute kidney injury was reported in 6 (24%) individuals of PPP group, while its rate in PPP plus fixator group was 40.9%. Mortality rate was reported 32% and 4.5% in control and case groups, respectively. There was a significant difference between groups (p=0.017, LR=6.42). VTE was reported 12% and 4.5% in PPP group and PPP plus fixator ones, respectively.ConclusionIt was concluded that using external fixator with PPP can be a useful method for treatment of pelvic fracture that is unstable in hemodynamic situation. It is recommended to use biomarkers like lactate or others to determine the situation of patients as precise as possible.
Anxiety and Depression in Glaucoma Patients and its Correlations with Vision-related Quality of Life and Objective Visual Function Indices
Authors: Wu Na , Kong Xiangmei , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate anxiety and depression in glaucoma patients and its correlations with vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) and objective visual function indices.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) questionnaires were administered to 446 Chinese glaucoma patients to assess their psychological disorders, namely anxiety and depression, and VR-QoL, respectively. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected at the same time. Multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out to investigate the associations between VR-QoL, visual function indices and psychological disorders. Standardized partial regression analysis was used to identify the variable mostly indicative in evaluating psychological burdens. Results: The prevalence of anxiety and depression in Chinese glaucoma patients was 12.11% and 25.78%, respectively. Most of the subscales and the composite score of NEI VFQ-25 were negatively associated with each of anxiety and depression after adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical variables. For visual function indices, only the best corrected visual acuity of both eyes was correlated with anxiety after adjustment. Standardized partial regression analysis further showed VR-QoL but not the objective visual function indices mostly relevant to psychological disturbances. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression were common in Chinese glaucoma patients. Self-reported VR-QoL was beneficial in assessing glaucoma patients’ psychological disorders, while objective visual function indices provide little hint on it.
Atypical Neural Plasticity and Behavioral Effects of Trustworthiness Learning in High Vs. Low Borderline Personality Disorder Features: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Fertuck Eric , Fischer Stephanie , Melara Robert 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The ability to accurately decide who is trustworthy, and to, in the face of new information, adjust judgment of others’ trustworthiness accurately, flexibly, and efficiently is clinically impaired in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Methods: A novel trust learning paradigm was administered to high (H-BPD) and low (L-BPD) in BPD features undergraduate participants. Neutral faces were paired with trust-relevant behaviors in each of four conditions: trustworthy, untrustworthy, mixed, and ambiguous. After training, participants rated faces on trustworthiness as electroencephalographic measures were recorded. Results: H-BPD rated neutral faces as significantly more untrustworthy than L-BPD at both time periods. Negative and ambiguous trustworthiness pairing conditions led to lower trustworthiness ratings, whereas trustworthy and mixed descriptors led to higher trustworthiness ratings. Training enhanced the amplitude of an early sensory ERP component (i.e., P1) for both groups. The slow wave ERP, an index of sustained attention, revealed greater focus after training to trustworthy descriptors in H-BPD and to untrustworthy descriptors in L-BPD. Conclusions: Social learning can modify an untrustworthiness bias in BPD at neural and behavioral levels. The results suggest that differential neural plasticity may account for the negative trustworthiness appraisal bias in BPD, and that interventions targeting frontal, attentional processes during trustworthiness learning may be a key mechanism of therapeutic change.
Relationship of Anthropometric Indices with Rate Pressure Product, Pulse Pressure and Mean Arterial Pressure Among Secondary Adolescents of 12-17 Years
Authors: Katamba Godfrey , Musasizi Abdul , Kinene Mivule Abdul , Namaganda Agnes , Muzaale Francis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Anthropometric indices are highly associated with cardiovascular events. However, there correlation with hemodynamic parameters among adolescents is still wanting. Study purpose: To determine the correlation between anthropometric indices and the selected hemodynamic parameters among secondary adolescents aged 12-17 years.Methods: In this study, we present data of 485 secondary school adolescents aged 12-17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and neck circumference were measured using standard protocol. Conicity index, body mass index, ponderosity index and body surface area, were computed using standard formulae. Blood pressure was measured using a digital automated blood pressure machine. The rate pressure product was determined as product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure as the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure while mean arterial pressure was the sum of diastolic pressure and pulse pressure. Comparisons of hemodynamic parameters across the anthropometric index’s categories were done using a one-way ANOVA and an unpaired t-test while correlation analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient at 95% confidence interval.Results: Our findings showed weak positive correlation between generally body surface area, neck circumference and conicity index with the hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, rate pressure product and pulse pressure). However, the ponderosity index, body mass index and waist hip ratio showed negative weak correlations with the hemodynamic parameters. There was a significant difference in pulse pressure among the BMI categories. All parameters showed significant (p<0.05) differences across the categories of neck circumference and waist hip ratio. Generally, in multivariate regression analysis, anthropometric indices showed significant prediction of the hemodynamic parameters.Conclusion: Generally, a weak positive correlation between anthropometric indices and the hemodynamic parameters.
Role of Intravenous immunoglobulin in Non-Immunocompromised children With Severe Adenovirus Pneumonia: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Fan Huifeng , Chen Chen , Xu Xuehua , Zeng Senqiang , Yin Genquan , Jiang Wenhui , Lu Gen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Adenovirus pneumonia is a pulmonary infectious disease commonly occurring in children, and severe cases can lead to death and sequelae. Here, we aimed to observe the therapeutic timing and dosage of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIg) in non-immunocompromised children with severe adenovirus pneumonia.Methods: This retrospective observational study investigated severe adenovirus pneumonia treated with IVIg in non-immunocompromised pediatric patients at a tertiary hospital in 2019. Participants were classified as early presenters (5-10 days of illness course) and later presenters (11-15 days) according to the timing of IVIg treatment. Patients’ clinical data were then analyzed in terms of different dosages of IVIg administration. Results: Among 202 patients enrolled, 128 were early presenters and 74 were later presenters during the study period. The later presenters had longer fever duration, more incidences of fungal coinfections, more demands for mechanical ventilation, and higher incidence of bronchiectasis than early presenters (P<0.05). For early presenters, no statistically significant differences in demands for advanced life support, outcomes and sequelae were observed between the two different dosage groups (P>0.05). For later presenters, shorter fever duration and lower usage of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were observed in the high-dosage group than that in the low-dosage group (P<0.05). The incidence of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) and bronchiectasis was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse events was 6.62% during IVIg infusion, showing no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions: Early medical care and treatment with IVIg are very important to improve the prognosis of non-immunocompromised children with severe adenovirus pneumonia. For later presenters, children with severe conditions may benefit from a high IVIg dosage.