bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Listening and watching: Do camera traps or acoustic sensors more efficiently detect wild chimpanzees in an open habitat?
Authors: Crunchant Anne‐Sophie , Borchers David , Kühl Hjalmar , Piel Alex 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

With one million animal species at risk of extinction, there is an urgent need to regularly monitor threatened species. However, in practice this is challenging, especially with wide‐ranging, elusive and cryptic species or those that occur at low density.

Here we compare two non‐invasive methods, passive acoustic monitoring (n = 12) and camera trapping (n = 53), to detect chimpanzees Pan troglodytes in a savanna‐woodland mosaic habitat at the Issa Valley, Tanzania. With occupancy modelling we evaluate the efficacy of each method, using the estimated number of sampling days needed to establish chimpanzee absence with 95% probability, as our measure of efficacy.

Passive acoustic monitoring was more efficient than camera trapping in detecting wild chimpanzees. Detectability varied over seasons, likely due to social and ecological factors that influence party size and vocalization rate. The acoustic method can infer chimpanzee absence with less than 10 days of recordings in the field during the late dry season, the period of highest detectability, which was five times faster than the visual method.

Synthesis and applications. Despite some technical limitations, we demonstrate that passive acoustic monitoring is a powerful tool for species monitoring. Its applicability in evaluating presence/absence, especially but not exclusively for loud call species, such as cetaceans, elephants, gibbons or chimpanzees provides a more efficient way of monitoring populations and inform conservation plans to mediate species‐loss.
A systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis of interventions which target or assess co‐use of tobacco and cannabis in single‐ or multi‐substance interventions
Authors: Walsh Hannah , McNeill Ann , Purssell Edward , Duaso Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsTobacco and cannabis are commonly co‐used, and evidence for the influence of co‐use on quit outcomes for either substance is mixed. We sought to determine the efficacy of tobacco and/or cannabis use interventions delivered to co‐users on cannabis and tobacco use outcomes.MethodSystematic review with meta‐analysis and narrative review, using five databases and author requests for co‐use data. Controlled and uncontrolled intervention studies focusing on treatment of tobacco and/or cannabis use assessing use of both pre‐ and post‐intervention were included. Prevention interventions were excluded. Bayesian meta‐analysis was used across four outcome measures: risk ratio for tobacco and cannabis cessation post‐intervention separately; standardized mean change for tobacco and cannabis reduction post‐intervention separately. Narrative reporting of the same outcome measures in non‐randomized clinical trials (non‐RCTs) and quality assessment of all included studies were conducted.ResultsTwenty studies (12 RCTs and eight uncontrolled) were included. Bayesian meta‐analysis with informative priors based on existing data of 11 RCTs (six single‐substance, five multi‐substance interventions) delivered to co‐users (n = up to 1117) showed weak evidence for an effect on cannabis cessation [risk ratio (RR) = 1.48, credibility interval (CrI) = 0.92, 2.49, eight studies] and no clear effect on tobacco cessation (RR = 1.10, CrI = 0.68, 1.87, nine studies). Subgroup analysis suggested that multi‐substance interventions might be more effective than cannabis‐targeted interventions on cannabis cessation (RR = 2.19, CrI = 1.10, 4.36 versus RR = 1.39, CrI = 0.75, 2.74). A significant intervention effect was observed on cannabis reduction (ES = 0.25, CrI = 0.03, 0.45, nine studies) but not on tobacco reduction (ES = 0.16, CrI = −0.14, 0.45, nine studies). Quality of evidence was moderate, although measurement of co‐use and cannabis use requires standardization. Uncontrolled studies targeting both cannabis and tobacco use indicated feasibility and acceptability.ConclusionsSingle and multi‐substance interventions addressing tobacco and/or cannabis have not shown a clear effect on either tobacco or cannabis cessation and reduction among co‐users. However, dual substance interventions targeting tobacco and cannabis appear feasible.
The association between legalization of cannabis use and traffic deaths in Uruguay
Authors: Nazif‐Munoz Jose Ignacio , Oulhote Youssef , Ouimet Marie Claude 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsWhile cannabis use has been found to impair motor vehicle driving, the association between cannabis legalization and motor vehicle fatalities is unclear. In Uruguay in December 2013, cannabis for recreational purposes was legalized. This study assessed the association between implementation of this law and changes in traffic fatality rates.DesignInterrupted time–series analysis of traffic fatality rates of light motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists in urban and rural settings. Changes are reported as step and trend effects against modeled trends in the absence of legalization.SettingUruguay, Montevideo and four rural provinces (Colonia, Florida, Río Negro and San José) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017.Cases and measurementWeekly traffic fatalities of light motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists per type of vehicle. Data were gathered from the National Road Safety Agency of Uruguay and the Ministry of Transport and Public Works, respectively.ResultsCannabis legalization was associated with a 52.4% immediate increase [95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.6, 93.3, P = 0.012] in the light motor vehicle driver's fatality rate. However, no significant change in the motorcyclists’ fatality rate was observed. In Montevideo the legislation was associated with an absolute increase in its light motor vehicle driver's fatality rate by 0.06 (95% CI = 0.01, 0.11, P = 0.025), but no significant associations were observed in rural settings.ConclusionsIn Uruguay, the 2013 legislation legalizing recreational cannabis consumption may have been associated with an increase in fatal motor vehicle crashes, particularly in light motor‐vehicle drivers and urban settings.
The effect of wine glass size on volume of wine sold: a mega‐analysis of studies in bars and restaurants
Authors: Pilling Mark , Clarke Natasha , Pechey Rachel , Hollands Gareth J. , Marteau Theresa M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo estimate the effects of wine glass size on volume of wine sold in bars and restaurants.DesignA mega‐analysis combining raw (as opposed to aggregate‐level) data from eight studies conducted in five establishments. A multiple treatment reversal design was used for each data set, with wine glass size changed fortnightly while serving sizes were unaffected, in studies lasting between 14 and 26 weeks.Setting and participantsFive bars and restaurants in England participated in studies between 2015 and 2018, using wine glasses of five sizes: 250, 300, 370, 450 and 510 ml, with the largest size only used in bars.MeasurementsDaily volume of wine sold by the glass, bottle or carafe for non‐sparkling wine were recorded at bars (594 days) and restaurants (427 days), averaging 4 months per study.FindingsMega‐analysis combining data from bars did not find a significant effect of glass size on volume of wine sold compared with 300‐ml glasses: the volume of wine sold using 370‐ml glasses was 0.5% lower [95% confidence interval (CI) = –8.1% to 6.1%], using 450‐ml glasses was 1.0% higher (95% CI = –9.1 to 12.2) and using 510‐ml glasses was 0.4% lower (95% CI = –9.4 to 9.4). For restaurants, compared with 300‐ml glasses, the volume of wine sold using 250‐ml glasses did not show a significant difference: 9.6% lower (95% CI = –19.0 to 0.7). Using 370‐ml glasses the volume of wine sold was 7.3% higher (95% CI = 1.5% to 13.5%); no significant effect was found using 450‐ml glasses: 0.9% higher (95% CI = –5.5 to 7.7).ConclusionsThe volume of wine sold in restaurants in England may be greater when 370‐ml glasses are used compared with 300‐ml wine glasses, but may not be in bars. This might be related to restaurants compared with bars selling more wine in bottles and carafes, which require free‐pouring.
The pseudoallergen receptor MRGPRX2 on peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils: Expression and function
Authors: Wedi Bettina , Gehring Manuela , Kapp Alexander 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is regarded as a mast cell‐specific receptor mediating non–IgE‐dependent activation. We aimed to investigate whether human basophils and eosinophils express functional MRGPRX2.MethodsFlow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT‐PCR were performed in highly purified peripheral blood basophils and eosinophils of atopic and nonatopic donors. To assess functional activity, fluorescent avidin‐based degranulation assay, calcium mobilization, cytokine production in supernatants, assessment of viability/apoptosis, and tricolor granulocyte activation test were used.ResultsMRGPRX2 was significantly expressed by basophils and eosinophils but not neutrophils. Functional capacity was shown by anti‐MRGPRX2 mAb‐induced calcium influx and concentration‐dependent induction of degranulation. Sequential stimulation in the calcium mobilization assay gave no evidence for desensitization or receptor internalization. Anti‐MRGPRX2 mAb significantly promoted survival. Inhibition of apoptosis could be due to released IL‐3, IL‐5, and GM‐CSF found in supernatants. Short‐term incubation with IL‐3 dose‐dependently upregulated MRGPRX2 expression in both, stimulation for 24 hours with anti‐IgE, C5a, fMLP, and IL‐3 in basophils and by IL‐3, IL‐5, and IL‐33 in eosinophils. Among known mast cell MRGPRX2 agonists ciprofloxacin but not PMX‐53 was functional on basophils and eosinophils. In basophils of allergic subjects, tricolor granulocyte activation test using grass pollen demonstrated MRGPRX2 upregulation associated with degranulation and CD63 expression.ConclusionUnraveling the regulation and signaling mechanisms of MRGPRX2 on basophils and eosinophils might enable the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent or inhibit allergic and nonallergic hypersensitivity. Moreover, addressing MRGPRX2 might have potential for diagnostic purposes in (drug) hypersensitivity.
Retinal haemangioblastomas in von Hippel–Lindau germline mutation carriers: progression, complications and treatment outcome
Authors: Hajjaj Anass , van Overdam Koen A. , Oldenburg Rogier A. , Koopmans Anna E. , van den Ouweland Ans M. W. , de Klein Annelies , Kiliç Emine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeEvaluation of phenotype and treatment outcome of retinal haemangioblastomas (RH) in von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease and correlation of these features with the genotype of VHL germline mutation carriers.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a longitudinal cohort of 21 VHL germline mutation carriers and RH. Clinical and genetic data were obtained to analyse the correlation of genotype with phenotype and treatment outcomes.ResultsAll patients were categorized in two genotypic categories: missense mutations (MM) and truncating mutations (TM). Mean follow‐up duration was 16.3 years and did not differ significantly between mutation groups (p = 0.383). Missense mutations (MM) carriers (n = 6) developed more progression‐related complications compared to TM carriers (n = 15) (p = 0.046). Vitreoretinal surgery was more often applied in MM carriers (p = 0.036). Moderate (visual acuity (VA)20/80 to 20/200) to severe (VA < 20/200) visual impairment was observed in 53.3% of the eyes of MM carriers and 28.1% of the eyes of TM carriers at last recorded visit.ConclusionMissense mutations in VHL patients seem to have a higher prevalence of progression‐related complications. Missense mutations (MM) carriers required therefore more often vitreoretinal surgical treatment with a worse treatment outcome. Genetic analysis may play a role in determining a pro‐active treatment strategy and prognosis for RH.
Doubly robust tests of exposure effects under high‐dimensional confounding
Authors: Dukes Oliver , Avagyan Vahe , Vansteelandt Stijn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAfter variable selection, standard inferential procedures for regression parameters may not be uniformly valid; there is no finite‐sample size at which a standard test is guaranteed to approximately attain its nominal size. This problem is exacerbated in high‐dimensional settings, where variable selection becomes unavoidable. This has prompted a flurry of activity in developing uniformly valid hypothesis tests for a low‐dimensional regression parameter (eg, the causal effect of an exposure A on an outcome Y) in high‐dimensional models. So far there has been limited focus on model misspecification, although this is inevitable in high‐dimensional settings. We propose tests of the null that are uniformly valid under sparsity conditions weaker than those typically invoked in the literature, assuming working models for the exposure and outcome are both correctly specified. When one of the models is misspecified, by amending the procedure for estimating the nuisance parameters, our tests continue to be valid; hence, they are doubly robust. Our proposals are straightforward to implement using existing software for penalized maximum likelihood estimation and do not require sample splitting. We illustrate them in simulations and an analysis of data obtained from the Ghent University intensive care unit.
Maternal and system characteristics, oxytocin administration practices, and cesarean birth rate
Authors: Maeder Angela B. , Park Chang G. , Vonderheid Susan C. , Bell Aleeca F. , Carter C. Sue , McFarlin Barbara L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe cesarean birth rate in the United States is 32%, and there is discussion about the cause of high surgical birth rates. Our purpose was to determine whether mode of birth is influenced by maternal, nurse, and system factors.MethodsSecondary analysis of a data set of 163 women having postdates labor induction with oxytocin. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were calculated to compare the time for patients to reach an infusion rate of 6 mU/min, consistent with endogenous oxytocin levels in active labor. We used the log‐rank test to evaluate survival curve differences. Multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted and included covariates that had statistically significant bivariate relationships with the time variable, or were clinically meaningful.ResultsThe mean time to reach 6 mU/min was longer for women who birthed by cesarean (172.5 minutes) than for women who had vaginal birth (125.0 minutes, P = .024). The mean time to reach 6 mU/min was also longer for women admitted on night shift (147.0 minutes) than day shift (110.2 minutes, P = .018). No maternal characteristics were significantly related to the time to reach a rate of 6 mU/min.ConclusionsEven during the initial hours of labor induction, it is important that the oxytocin infusion is titrated appropriately to aid women in achieving timely vaginal birth. Intrapartum nurses should receive education about the pharmacokinetics of intravenous oxytocin to understand proper administration of this high‐alert medication.
Phacoemulsification vs phacoemulsification with micro‐bypass stent implantation in primary angle closure and primary angle closure glaucoma: A randomized single‐masked clinical study
Authors: Chen David Z. , Sng Chelvin C. A. , Sangtam Tiakumzuk , Thomas Anoop , Shen Liang , Huang Philemon K. , Cheng Jason 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImportancePrimary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) is a major cause of irreversible visual impairment in Asia, but there is no published data on the effect of iStent on these patients.BackgroundTo compare the efficacy and safety of combined phacoemulsification and iStent implantation with standard phacoemulsification in an Asian population.DesignA prospective, single‐masked, randomized study in a public tertiary eye clinic.ParticipantsPatients with concomitant visually significant cataracts and primary angle closure (PAC) or PACG.MethodsPatients were randomized and underwent either phacoemulsification alone (phaco) or with concurrent iStent injection (phaco‐iStent). Demographic and clinical data were collected.Main Outcome MeasuresComplete and qualified success rates at 12 months were compared between both treatment arms.ResultsThirty‐two patients were recruited between September 2015 and February 2016. All patients completed 12 months of follow‐up. There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative IOP (phaco, 17.5 ± 3.1 mmHg; phaco‐iStent, 18.6 ± 4.7 mmHg, P = .65) and 12‐months postoperative IOP (phaco, 15.0 ± 2.5 mmHg; phaco‐iStent, 14.7 ± 3.1 mmHg, P = .86) between both groups. Complete success rates were 43.8% (95% CI, 19.8‐65.6) for the Phaco group and 87.5% (95% CI, 58.6‐96.7) for the Phaco‐iStent group (P = .01). Thinner preoperative optical coherence tomography (retinal nerve fibre layer) thickness (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.34 [95% CI, 1.53‐35.30]) and phacoemulsification alone (HR = 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87‐0.02]) were independent factors associated with failure to achieve complete success.Conclusions and RelevanceCombined phacoemulsification with iStent implantation is associated with a higher likelihood of complete success compared with phacoemulsification alone in eyes with primary angle closure disease at 12 months postoperatively. Further studies are required to establish the longer term efficacy of iStent implantation and to identify other predictors for surgical success.
Changes of radiopacity around implants of different lengths: Five‐year follow‐up data of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sluka Benjamin , Naenni Nadja , Jung Ronald E. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Sahrmann Philipp 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo follow‐up the radiographic changes in peri‐implant bone of short (6 mm, test group) and long (10 mm, control group) single‐unit implants five years after loading.Materials and methodsForty‐three implants of the test and 44 implants of the control group could be reassessed from 96 originally included implants. Standardized areas of interest (AOI) were defined in the peri‐implant bone at pre‐defined locations at mid‐length on both sides of the implants, and at the apex. An arbitrary mean grey scale value (GSV) was calculated for the AOI after brightness calibration of the radiographs. Changes for GSV were calculated and tested for possible inter‐ and intra‐group differences using the Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.ResultsThe calculated intra‐group differences between baseline and 5 years in the test group accounted for 2.4 ± 19.6 (i.e. slight brightening) and −6.2 ± 20.2 for the control group (i.e. slight shading), which resulted in a statistically significant difference in GSV change (p < .05). Crown‐to‐implant ratio was the only parameter showing an effect on GSV change (p = .001).ConclusionsAssessing conventional radiographs, longer implants showed a slightly stronger change of radiopacity of the peri‐implant bone (slight loss of density) than short ones (slightly enhanced density) after five years of loading.
Implant Disease Risk Assessment IDRA–a tool for preventing peri‐implant disease
Authors: Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa J. A. , Heitz Fritz , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis treatment concept paper introduces a risk assessment tool, the Implant Disease Risk Assessment, (IDRA) which estimates the risk for a patient to develop peri‐implantitis.Materials and methodsThe functional risk assessment diagram was constructed incorporating eight parameters, each with documented evidence for an association with peri‐implantitis.ResultsThe eight vectors of the diagram include (1) assessment of a history of periodontitis (2) percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) (3) number of teeth/implants with probing depths (PD) ≥5 mm (4) the ratio of periodontal bone loss (evaluated from a radiograph) divided by the patient's age (5) periodontitis susceptibility as described by the staging and grading categories from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases (Journal of Periodontology, 89 Suppl 1, S159‐S172, 2018) (6) the frequency/compliance with supportive periodontal therapy (7) the distance in mm from the restorative margin of the implant‐supported prosthesis to the marginal bone crest and (8) prosthesis‐related factors including cleanability and fit of the implant‐supported prosthesis.ConclusionThe combination of these factors in a risk assessment tool, IDRA, may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for development of peri‐implantitis.
Excisional haemorrhoidectomy: is it safe in patients with an ileal pouch–anal anastomosis?
Authors: Lightner A. L. , Kearney D. , Giugliano D. , Hull T. , Holubar S. , Shawki S. , Steele S. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimExcisional haemorrhoidectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), especially those undergoing an ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), remains controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the safety of excisional haemorrhoidectomy in UC patients with and without an IPAA.MethodA retrospective review of all adult UC patients undergoing excisional haemorrhoidectomy between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2019 at a tertiary inflammatory bowel disease referral centre was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical characteristics of UC, prior surgical intervention for UC (colectomy, IPAA) and complications after haemorrhoidectomy.ResultsForty‐one adult patients [50% male; median age 52 (range 25–79) years] with UC underwent excisional haemorrhoidectomy between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2019. The majority (n = 23) had not previously undergone surgery for UC. However, eight had already undergone construction of an IPAA at the time of haemorrhoidectomy, seven had IPAA at the time of haemorrhoidectomy and three had an IPAA constructed subsequent to haemorrhoidectomy. Two (4.9%) patients need to go back to theatre for postoperative bleeding. There were no further 30‐day complications or long‐term nonhealing of the surgical site. There were no pouch complications in those who had haemorrhoidectomy at the time of IPAA construction or in the presence of an IPAA.ConclusionOur data suggest that excisional haemorrhoidectomy may be performed safely in carefully selected UC patients with symptomatic haemorrhoids with or without IPAA and even at the time of IPAA construction.