bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thirteen‐year experience with hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery in colorectal patients
Authors: Siddiqui Javariah , Young Christopher J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe report outcomes on 324 consecutive cases of hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) in colorectal patients over 13 years performed by a single surgeon.MethodsA prospectively maintained database was used to identify all patients undergoing HALS colorectal procedures for benign or malignant indications from September 2004 to February 2018, at two major tertiary centres in Sydney, Australia.ResultsMedian age was 64 years, 51% were female and median body mass index was 26. Colorectal cancer (55%), diverticular disease (13%) and polyp related conditions (13%) were common indications. Anterior resection (65%) and right hemicolectomy (18%) were most commonly performed. Median operative time was 244 min (190–300) and 75% of Gelport incisions were Pfannenstiel. Sixty‐three percent of colorectal cancer patients had a T3 or T4 cancer. Median tumour size was 35 mm (25–45). Seven percent required conversion to open and 4% a re‐operation in the early post‐operative period. Thirty‐six percent had a post‐operative complication, and 11% were major complications. Follow‐up extended to 12.8 years and there were 33 late deaths. Being in a high dependency unit or intensive care unit was significant for late mortality (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.06–7.78, P = 0.037). Three percent developed an incisional hernia and 6% had small bowel obstruction at long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionHALS is an effective technique for both benign and malignant colorectal indications with the added advantage of tactile feedback and a lower rate of conversion to open.
Incidence of nasopalatine canal perforation in relation to virtual implant placement: A cone beam computed tomography study
Authors: Alkanderi Aaeshah , Al Sakka Yacoub , Koticha Tapan , Li Ji , Masood Farah , Suárez‐López del Amo Fernando 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe nasopalatine canal (NPC) is of special importance when considering implant therapy in the maxillary central incisors' region.PurposeTo investigate the incidence of NPC perforation in relation to virtual immediate implant placement.Materials and MethodsA search through the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) database of The University of Oklahoma—College of Dentistry was conducted. First, canal related measurements were conducted. Second, digital prosthetic planning was performed. Then, immediate implants were virtually placed and additional measurements were performed. Perforation rate was assessed. Last, data obtained was statistically analyzed.ResultsA total of 217 scans fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Only 8% of cases showed NPC perforation. The perforation occurred at mid‐third of the implant or at the mid and apical third in 33% and 22% of the cases, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between perforation of NPC and bone width palatal to the root of the central incisor (P < .0001) as well as canal angulation (P = .0196). NPC angulation (°) and palatal bone width (mm) predisposed to a higher risk of perforation. Only 27.78% of the perforations could be overcome by the installation of shorter implants.ConclusionsLow incidence of NPC perforation could be expected when immediately placing implants in the maxillary incisor region.
Accuracy of dental implant placement via dynamic navigation or the freehand method: A split‐mouth randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aydemir Ceyda Aktolun , Arısan Volkan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this split‐mouth randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the deviations of planned and placed implants placed by the assistance of a micron tracker‐based dynamic navigation device or freehand methods.Material and methodsA thermoplastic fiducial marker was adapted on the anterior teeth, and cone‐beam computerized tomography was used for imaging. A minimum of one implant was planned for each side of the posterior maxilla, and the dynamic navigation device or freehand method was randomly used for surgical insertion. Deviations were measured by matching the planning data with a final CBCT image. Linear deviations (mm) between the planned and placed implants were the primary outcome. The results were analysed by generalized linear mixed models (p < .05). (NCT03471208).ResultsA total of 92 implants were placed to 32 volunteers, and 86 implants were included in the final analysis. For the linear deviations, mean of differences (Δ) was 0.72mm (Standard deviation (SD): 0.26); (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.39–1.02) in the shoulder of the implants (p < .001) and 0.69mm (SD: 0.36); (95% CI: 0.19–1.19) in the tip of the implants (p < .001). For the angular deviations, Δ was 5.33° (SD: 1.63); (95% CI: 7.17–3.48); (p < .001).ConclusionsThe navigation technique can be used to transfer virtual implant planning to the patient's jaw with increased accuracy.
Long non‐coding RNA ZEB1‐AS1 promotes colon adenocarcinoma malignant progression via miR‐455‐3p/PAK2 axis
Authors: Ni Xin , Ding Yuting , Yuan Haitao , Shao Jinmin , Yan Yan , Guo Rouyu , Luan Wenkang , Xu Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe long non‐coding RNA zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 antisense 1 (ZEB1‐AS1) acts as an oncogenic regulator in many human tumours. In the present study, we identify the role and potential molecular biological mechanisms of ZEB1‐AS1 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD).MethodsQRT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of ZEB1‐AS1, miR‐455‐3p and p21‐activated kinases 2 (PAK2) in COAD tissues. CCK8 assay, EdU assay, transwell assay and scratch wound assay were used to explore the biological function of ZEB1‐AS1 in COAD cells. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter assays and an RNA pull‐down assay were used to demonstrate the mechanism of ZEB1‐AS1. We further explore the role of ZEB1‐AS1 in vivo though xenograft tumour assay.ResultsWe found that ZEB1‐AS1 expression was significantly up‐regulated in COAD tissues, and high ZEB1‐AS1 level was correlated with the poor prognosis of COAD patients. MiR‐455‐3p plays an anti‐cancer role in COAD by targeting PAK2. We confirmed that ZEB1‐AS1 promotes PAK2 expression by sponging miR‐455‐3p, thus facilitating COAD cell growth and metastasis.ConclusionsTo sum up, this result illustrates the novel molecular mechanism of ZEB1‐AS1 in COAD and provides a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of COAD patients.
Emerging roles of non‐coding RNAs in scoliosis
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xingye , Shen Jianxiong , Zhang Lin , Chan Matthew T. V. , Wu William K. K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScoliosis, a complex three‐dimensional deformity of the spine with the Cobb angle (a measure of the spinal lateral curvature) >10 degree, encompasses a spectrum of pathologies, including congenital, idiopathic, syndromic and neuromuscular aetiologies. The pathogenesis is multifactorial involving both environmental and genetic factors but the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease development remain largely unknown. Emerging evidence showed that non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), namely microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, are deregulated in many orthopaedic diseases, including scoliosis. Importantly, these deregulated ncRNAs functionally participate in the initiation and progression of scoliosis. Here, we review recent progress in ncRNA research on scoliosis.
Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Wohlmuth Christoph , Wohlmuth‐Wieser Iris 
Published: December 2019

SummaryVulvar cancer represents the fourth most common gynecologic malignancy and is often encountered by the general Dermatologist or Gynecologist. Dermatooncologists and Gynecologic Oncologists share expertise in this field and the diagnosis and treatment should ideally be interdisciplinary. All subtypes are typically seen in the later decades of life, although all histologic subtypes have been described in women younger than 30 years. The diagnosis is often delayed. Exact mapping of biopsies is of high importance, as the location and distance from the midline guides the surgical approach depending on the underlying histology. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 76 % of vulvar cancer with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia being an important precursor. Basal cell carcinoma is the second most common vulvar malignancy. Melanoma accounts for 5.7 % of vulvar cancer and has a worse prognosis compared to cutaneous melanoma. Most of the trials on checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy have not excluded patients with vulvar melanoma and the preliminary evidence is reviewed in the manuscript.Surgery remains the primary treatment modality of locally resectable vulvar cancer. In view of the rarity, the procedure should be performed in dedicated cancer centers to achieve optimal disease control and maintain continence and sexual function whenever possible.
Pyrene and nile red fluorescence probes for in‐situ study of polarity and viscosity of soil organic coatings implicated in soil water repellency
Authors: Balshaw Helen M. , Douglas Peter , Davies Matthew L. , Doerr Stefan H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoil water repellency, that is, the reduced ability of soils to absorb water, is thought to be caused by organic coatings with predominantly non‐polar properties on soil particle surfaces. Given the important role of particle surface polarity in determining soil water repellency, we explored the use of fluorescent probes as a method for the direct in‐situ determination of the distribution and polarity of organics on bulk soil surfaces, and of their molecular mobility. We used nile red and pyrene, which have both been used successfully as environmental probes in previous studies, but have not been applied before to bulk soils. The probes were either (a) co‐deposited with other organics known to induce water‐repellent behaviour with acid‐washed sand to produce ‘model soils’ or (b) adsorbed directly onto sandy soils that were naturally water repellent to different degrees, and studied using fluorescence microscopy and steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence. Reliable measurements could be made using pyrene as an in‐situ probe on both model and natural soils, and a viscosity/mobility probe on model soils, whereas nile red was found not to be a useful probe. On model soils, made using hexadecane (HEX), octadecane (OCT) or stearic acid (SA) on acid‐washed sand, pyrene excimer formation kinetics showed a decrease in environment mobility as the organic layer changes from a liquid through to a hard wax. Spectra from pyrene adsorbed to natural soils indicated varying environmental polarity and heterogeneity within the soil samples studied.Highlights
Exploration of in‐situ fluorescent probes to study polarity and viscosity of organics on soils.
Fluorescent probes have never been used in situ on bulk soils before.
Pyrene probe shows variation in mobility, polarity and heterogeneity of organics on soils.
Pyrene is a useful in‐situ fluorescent probe of polarity and mobility of organics on soils.
Water evaporation from cracked soil under moist conditions as related to crack properties and near‐surface wind speed
Authors: Poulsen Tjalfe G. , Cai Weiling , Garg Ankit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe impacts of five factors (wind speed, crack width, crack distance, crack depth and crack orientation (compared to wind direction)), on evaporation from cracked soil under moist soil conditions were investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions in a wind tunnel with a 1 m × 1 m × 2.5 m test section using large‐scale (50 cm diameter, 25 cm depth) samples of natural soils wetted to a soil water content of 0.2 g g−1. To reduce the number of necessary experiments, a 2k factorial experimental design was used. Crack widths, crack distances, crack depths and crack orientations of 5–20 mm, 40–100 mm, 50–200 mm and 0–90°, respectively, were used. Effects of each factor on evaporation rate, individually and by interaction between multiple factors, were subsequently calculated. Results showed that individual effects of all five factors on evaporation rate were significant at the 95% level. Wind speed had the largest impact on evaporation rate, followed by crack width, crack distance, crack depth and crack orientation in that order. Overall, the four crack properties together explained 47% of the variations in evaporation rate.Highlights
Evaporation from cracked, moist soil under windy conditions was investigated.
Crack orientation significantly affects wind conditions close to the surface.
Both wind speed and crack properties significantly affected evaporation rate.
Crack properties together explained 47% of variations in evaporation rate.
Volume change in amygdala enlargement as a prognostic factor in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Na Han Kyu , Lee Ho‐Joon , Hong Seok‐Jun , Lee Dong Hyun , Kim Kyung Min , Lee Hyung Woo , Heo Kyoung , Cho Kyoo Ho 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveConsidering the clinical heterogeneity of temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala enlargement (TLE‐AE), identifying distinct prognostic subgroups of TLE‐AE has clinical implications. Until now, baseline volume of the enlarged amygdala (EAV) has consistently failed to predict prognosis in TLE‐AE. Based on studies suggesting that patients responsive to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) exhibit remission of AE on follow‐up imaging, we investigated whether reduction rate of EAV is predictive of long‐term prognosis in TLE‐AE.MethodsSixty‐one consecutive patients with two separate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were enrolled. To utilize longitudinally measured biomarkers in prediction, the period beyond the first MRI acquisition was split into two periods: the “observation window” (period between the two MRIs) and “prediction window” (follow‐up period beyond the second MRI). Patients were classified according to their AED responsiveness during the observation window, and AED‐responsive patients were further subdivided by initial seizure frequency: (a) AED‐responsive patients presenting with low‐frequency seizures (<5 seizures/3 mo; Group A, n = 25), (b) high‐frequency seizures (≥5 seizures/3 mo; Group B, n = 23), and (c) patients with poor initial treatment response (Group C, n = 13). Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed for identification of prognostic factors. Along with factors obtained at baseline, factors derived from the observation window (annual percentage change of EAV [APCEAV] and initial AED responsiveness) were also considered as potential predictors.ResultsFavorable initial treatment response and faster volume reduction rate (APCEAV ≤ −5.0%/y) were identified as factors predictive of achieving overall seizure freedom. Among the AED‐responsive patients, Group A (low‐frequency seizures) showed slower remission of AE and higher rate of seizure recurrence, whereas Group B (high‐frequency seizures) exhibited faster remission of AE and lower rate of seizure recurrence.SignificanceFaster recuperation of AE in patients with initial high‐frequency seizures may be indicative of seizure‐induced changes. As volume reduction rate serves as a prognostic marker in TLE‐AE, short‐term MRI follow‐up may be useful in prognostication.
Enzymatic promiscuity and the evolution of bioluminescence
Authors: Adams Spencer T. , Miller Stephen C. 
Published: December 2019

Bioluminescence occurs when an enzyme, known as a luciferase, oxidizes a small‐molecule substrate, known as a luciferin. Nature has evolved multiple distinct luciferases and luciferins independently, all of which accomplish the impressive feat of light emission. One of the best‐known examples of bioluminescence is exhibited by fireflies, a class of beetles that use d‐luciferin as their substrate. The evolution of bioluminescence in beetles is thought to have emerged from ancestral fatty acyl‐CoA synthetase (ACS) enzymes present in all insects. This theory is supported by multiple lines of evidence: Beetle luciferases share high sequence identity with these enzymes, often retain ACS activity, and some ACS enzymes from nonluminous insects can catalyze bioluminescence from synthetic d‐luciferin analogues. Recent sequencing of firefly genomes and transcriptomes further illuminates how the duplication of ACS enzymes and subsequent diversification drove the evolution of bioluminescence. These genetic analyses have also uncovered candidate enzymes that may participate in luciferin metabolism. With the publication of the genomes and transcriptomes of fireflies and related insects, we are now better positioned to dissect and learn from the evolution of bioluminescence in beetles.
Experimental evaluation of fatigue behaviour of thin Al5456 welded joints
Authors: Shahani Amir Reza , Shakeri Iman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBecause of wide applications of welded structures in different industries, using design codes and standards such as IIW recommendations is known as a safe and common method to design welded joints. The weld geometry and thickness of welded joint are the most important parameters that affect the fatigue strength of welded joints. In the present study, the fatigue behaviour of thin Al5456 butt‐welded joints has been investigated, and the effect of thickness on fatigue strength has been evaluated. Contrary to the above‐mentioned recommendations about thin welded joints, it was shown that the thickness of welded joints affects the fatigue strength. Moreover, the fatigue test results have been compared with the IIW design recommendations for three well‐known approaches in order to analyse the reliability of the codes. According to the design stress‐life diagrams, it was found that in some cases, the fatigue strength has much larger values than the IIW predictions, and IIW‐based design causes an over conservative design. While in some other cases, the fatigue strength is lower than IIW recommendations, and it leads to a non‐conservative design. Based on the experimental results, the new values for slope of S‐N curve and FAT have been proposed in order to improve the design diagrams.
Assessing the effect of landscape features on pond colonisation by an elusive amphibian invader using environmental DNA
Authors: Vimercati Giovanni , Labadesse Myriam , Dejean Tony , Secondi Jean 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is becoming an essential tool for detecting aquatic invasive species and investigating their spread. Surprisingly, this technique has been very rarely used to investigate habitat selection, site occupancy, and colonisation despite its higher capacity to detect many species.The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) is a principally aquatic amphibian introduced in several continents from South Africa. In western France, no recent systematic survey of the invasion range has been attempted, mainly because of the elusive nature of the species. Furthermore, the influence of landscape features on invasion has never been investigated, even if adults and juveniles are known to disperse overland and along river networks.Using presence–absence data generated by an eDNA survey conducted across the known invasion front ofX. laevisin western France, we aimed to determine whether and how the landscape features surrounding a pond influence the probability that a pond is colonised.Xenopus laeviswas detected well beyond the formerly known invasive distribution and at the outward end of some transects, suggesting that we did not reach the actual invasion front in these parts of the range. The landscape variables that best predicted the presence ofX. laevisin a pond were topographic wetness index and grass cover within a buffer of 250 m.Higher values of both topographic wetness index and grass cover were negatively related to the occurrence probability. The effects of these two variables more likely to reflect dispersal behaviour than habitat preferences at the pond scale.By combining the high detection probability of eDNA survey techniques and a landscape ecology approach, we may gain valuable insight into the colonisation process of water bodies by elusive invasive species. Such information is crucial to prevent access to specific sites and locate invasion front areas where connectivity can be disrupted, thus increasing the effectiveness of management countermeasures.
Chromosome 15q13.3 microduplications are associated with treatment refractory major depressive disorder
Authors: McClain Lora , Segreti Anna M. , Nau Sharon , Shaw Patricia , Finegold David N. , Pan Lisa A. , Peters David G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 15 million Americans. Approximately 2 million of these are classified as being refractory to treatment (TR‐MDD). Because of the lack of available therapies for TR‐MDD, and the high risk of suicide, there is interest in identifying new treatment modalities and diagnostic methods. Understanding of the impact of genomic copy number variation in the etiology of a variety of neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasing. Low copy repeat elements at 15q13.3 facilitate non‐allelic homologous recombination, resulting in recurrent copy number variants (CNVs). Numerous reports have described association between microdeletions in this region and a variety of neuropsychiatric phenotypes, with CHRNA7 implicated as a candidate gene. However, the pathogenicity of 15q13.3 duplications is less clear. As part of an ongoing study, in which we have identified a number of metabolomic anomalies in spinal fluid from TR‐MDD patients, we also evaluated genomic copy number variation in patients (n = 125) and controls (n = 26) via array‐based copy number genomic hybridization (CGH); the case frequency was compared with frequencies reported in a prior study as well as a larger population‐sized cohort. We identified five TR‐MDD patients with microduplications involving CHRNA7. CHRNA7 duplications are the most common CNVs identified by clinical CGH in this cohort. Therefore, this study provides insight into the potential involvement of CHRNA7 duplications in the etiology of TR‐MDD and informs those involved with care of affected individuals.
Risk factors for adverse drug reactions in older inpatients of geriatric wards at admission: Multicenter study
Authors: Kojima Taro , Matsui Toshifumi , Suzuki Yusuke , Takeya Yasushi , Tomita Naoki , Kozaki Koichi , Kuzuya Masafumi , Rakugi Hiromi , Arai Hiroyuki , Akishita Masahiro 
Published: December 2019

AimTo investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) and their risk factors among very old patients in five geriatric wards in Japan.MethodsA retrospective observational multicenter study was carried out to investigate factors related to ADR in older inpatients from geriatric wards of five university hospitals in Japan. Data including drugs profile and short‐form comprehensive geriatric assessment were obtained from medical charts. ADR were identified from geriatrician's reports. For each ADR, symptoms and causal drugs were clarified, and factors associated with ADR were analyzed statistically.ResultsIn 1155 patients (52.5% women, mean age 82.8 ± 7.0 years), the proportion with ADR was 15.4%. There was a great variety of signs and symptoms of ADR, and a great variety of drugs suspected to be the cause of ADR. On multiple logistic regression analysis, ADR was significantly associated with an increase in drugs (odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.07–1.16) and emergency admission (odds ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.82–4.15). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal cut‐off number of drugs for predicting ADR was ≥7.ConclusionsIn geriatric inpatients, polypharmacy (especially ≥7 drugs) and emergency admission were associated with ADR. Because there was a great variety of ADR in the study, clinicians must consider reviewing all drugs to prevent adverse drugs reactions during admission in this vulnerable population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ••: ••–••. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 144–149.