bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Risk Assessment to Evaluate the Efficacy of Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Virus, Subtype H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) in the Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Elsobky Yumna , Nganwa David , Afandi Gamal El , Byomi Ahmed , Reddy Gopal , Abdalla Ehsan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe poultry industry in Egypt has been suffering from endemic highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N1 since 2006. However, the emergence of H9N2, H5N8, and H5N2 in 2011, 2016, and 2019 respectively, has aggravated the situation. Our objective was to evaluate how effective are the mitigation strategies by a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) model utilizing daily outbreak data of HPAI-H5N1stratified by different epidemic waves from 2006 to 2016 are in Egypt. ResultsUtilizing the epidemiologic problem-oriented approach methodology, a conceptual scenario tree was drawn based on the knowledgebase. Monte Carlo simulations of QRA parameters were ran utilizing @Risk software. In poultry farms, the likelihood of poultry still having a high Prevalence Rate (PR) after failure of mitigation strategies such as vaccination, passive, and active surveillance, in 90% of the time, these mitigations will fail 48% of the time. Failure of efficacy of these mitigations will raise PR to 70% with missed vaccination, while failure in detection by surveillance will raise it to 99%. In backyard poultry, the likelihood of still having a high HPAI-H5N1 PR in three different poultry types due to failure of passive and active surveillance varies between domestic, mixed and reservoir. In mixed poultry, the probability of HPAI-H5N1 not detected by surveillance was higher with a mean and a SD of 16.8 x 10-3 and 3.26 x 10-01 respectively. The sensitivity analysis ranking for the likelihood of HPAI-H5N1 in poultry farms due to missed vaccination, failure to be detected by passive and active surveillance was examined. In poultry farms, increasing vaccination by 1 SD will decrease the PR by 14%, in active surveillance by 12% and in passive surveillance by 6%, respectively. while in backyard, the active surveillance had high impact in decreasing the PR by 16% in domestic poultry. Whereas the passive surveillance had less impact in decreasing PR by 14% in mixed poultry and 3% in domestic poultry. ConclusionIt could be concluded that the applied strategies were not efficient in controlling the spread of the HPAI-H5N1 virus. Public health officials should take into consideration the evaluation of their control strategies in their response.
Genome-Wide Detection of Allele Frequency Change and Quantitative Trait Loci for Respiratory Disease and Immune-Related Traits in Landrace Pigs Selected for Mycoplasmal Pneumonia of Swine Resistance
Authors: Uemoto Yoshinobu , Ichinoseki Kasumi , Matsumoto Toshimi , Oka Nozomi , Takamori Hironori , Kadowaki Hiroshi , Kojima-Shibata Chihiro , Suzuki Eisaku , Okamura Toshihiro , Aso Hisashi , Kitazawa Haruki , Satoh Masahiro , Uenishi Hirohide , Suzuki Keiichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The genetic improvement of disease resistance in pig has been well-received. Identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to a chronic respiratory disease such as Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine (MPS) and immune-related traits is important for understanding the genomic background of disease resistance and to apply marker-assisted selection. The objective of this study was to understand the influence of genomic factors on respiratory disease and immune-related traits in MPS-selected pigs.Results: A total of 874 Landrace purebred pigs, which were selected based on MPS resistance, were genotyped using the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip, and were then used for genomic analyses. First, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect a novel QTL for a total of 22 performance, respiratory disease, and immune-related traits using additive and nonadditive genetic effects. Second, we evaluated the changes in allele frequency due to selection for MPS resistance and compared the putative selected regions with the detected QTL. GWAS detected a total of 11 genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with an additive effect in five traits and a total of three significant SNPs with a nonadditive effect in three traits. Most of these detected QTL regions were novel regions with some candidate genes located in them. With regard to a pleiotropic region among traits, only five of these detected QTL regions overlapped among traits. Changes in allele frequencies at the many putative selected regions were spread across the whole genome and overlapped with the detected QTL. Some of these selected regions were the ones that contained the detected QTL for MPS score and other traits.Conclusion: These results suggest that a closed-line breeding population is a useful target population to refine and confirm QTL regions by integrating the results of GWAS and allele frequency changes. The study provides new insights into the genomic factors that affect respiratory disease and immune-related traits in pigs.
Blood and urinary cytokine balance and renal outcomes at cardiac surgery
Authors: McBride Willam , Kurth Mary Jo , Domanska Anna , Watt Joanne , McLean Gavin , Joseph Jijin , Lamont John , Fitzgerald Peter , Ruddock Mark 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Increased perioperative pro-inflammatory biomarkers, renal hypoperfusion and ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) heighten cardiac surgery acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) risk. Increased urinary anti-inflammatory cytokines attenuate risk. We evaluated whether blood and urinary anti-inflammatory biomarkers, when expressed as ratios with biomarkers of inflammation, hypoperfusion and IRI are increased in CS-AKI patients.
METHODS
Preoperative and 24-hour postoperative blood and urinary pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, blood VEGF and H-FABP (hypoperfusion biomarkers), and MK, a biomarker for IRI, were measured in 401 cardiac surgery patients. Pre- and postoperative concentrations of biomarkers and selected ratios thereof, were compared between non-CS-AKI and CS-AKI patients.
RESULTS
Compared with non-CS-AKI, blood pro-inflammatory (pre- and post-op TNFα, IP-10, IL-12p40, MIP-1α, NGAL; pre-op IL-6; post-op IL-8, MK) and anti-inflammatory (pre- and post-op sTNFsr1, sTNFsr2, IL-1RA) biomarkers together with urinary pro-inflammatory (pre- and post-op uIL-12p40; post-op uIP-10, uNGAL) and anti-inflammatory (pre- and post-op usTNFsr1, usTNFsr2, uIL-1RA) biomarkers, were significantly higher in CS-AKI patients. Urinary anti-inflammatory biomarkers, when expressed as ratios with biomarkers of inflammation (blood and urine), hypoperfusion (blood H-FABP and VEGF) and IRI (blood MK) were decreased in CS-AKI. In contrast, blood anti-inflammatory biomarkers expressed as similar ratios with blood biomarkers were increased in CS-AKI.
CONCLUSIONS
The urinary anti-inflammatory response may protect against the injurious effects of perioperative inflammation, hypoperfusion and IRI. These finding may have clinical utility in bioprediction and earlier diagnosis of CS-AKI and informing future therapeutic strategies for CS-AKI patients.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate The Arsenic Toxicity and Decrease The Accumulation of Arsenic in Rice(Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Yan Shiwei , Wu Fan , Zhou Song , Yang Jianhao , Tang Xianjin , Ye Wenling 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Rice is particularly effective, compared to other cereals, at accumulating arsenic(As), a nonthreshold, class 1 human carcinogen in shoot and grain. Nano-zinc oxide is gradually used in agricultural production due to its adsorption capacity and as a nutrient element. An experiment was performed to explore the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) on arsenic (As) toxicity and bioaccumulation in rice. Rice seedlings were treated with different levels of nZnO (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg/L) and As (0, and 2 mg/L) for seven days. Results:The research showed that 2 mg/L of As treatment represented a stress condition, which was evidenced by phenotypic images, seedling dry weight, chlorophyll, and antioxidant enzyme activity of rice shoot. The addition of nZnO (10-100 mg/L) enhanced the growth and photosynthesis of rice seedlings. As concentrations in the shoots and roots were decreased by a maximum of 40.7% and 31.6% compared to the control, respectively. Arsenite [As(III)] was the main species in both roots (98.5-99.5%) and shoots (95.0-99.6%) when exposed to different treatments. Phytochelatins (PCs) content up-regulated in the roots induced more As(III)-PC complexed and reduced As(III) mobility for transport to shoots by nZnO addition. Conclusion:The results confirmed that nZnO could improve rice growth and decrease As accumulation in shoots, and it performs best at a concentration of 100mg/L.
Simplified Matrix Focusing Imaging Algorithm for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Testing
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Ma Zemin , Zhang Jiaying 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Full matrix focusing method has been proved with the advantages of good signal-to-noise ratio and high-resolution image. However, it is still suffering from the problems of the time-consuming data acquisition and processing. In order to solve the problem, two kind simplified matrix focusing methods are provided in this paper. One is a triangular matrix focusing algorithm based on the principle of reciprocity for the multi-channel ultrasonic system. The other is a trapezoidal matrix focusing algorithm based on the energy weight of the different channel to the imaging area. In order to prove the validity of the provided algorithms, both side-drilled hole and oblique crack defects are used for the imaging comparation. The results show that the imaging quality of the triangular matrix focusing algorithm is basically consistent to that of the full matrix focusing method, and the imaging quality of the trapezoidal matrix focusing algorithm can be slightly reduced as the amount of multi-channel data decreases. In addition, both data acquisition and computational efficiency using the provided algorithms have been improved significantly.
Epidemiology of Skeletal Trauma and Skull Fractures in Children Younger Than 1 Year in Shenzhen: A Retrospective Study of 664 Patients
Authors: Deng Hansheng , Qiu Xin , Su Qiru , Zeng Shuaidan , Han Shuai , Li Shicheng , Cui Zhiwen , Zhu Tianfeng , Xiong Zhu , Tang Gen , Tang Shengping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Unintentional injury is one of the top three causes of death for infants. However, the epidemiological studies of skeletal trauma and skull fractures in infants younger than 1 year were poorly understood in China. Therefore, our study aimed to examine accidental and emergency attendance in infants under 1 year. It also tried to determine the prevalence and severity of accident types in infants and to propose ways to reduce such accidents.Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the epidemiological characteristics of infants younger than 1 year with skeletal trauma and skull fractures who visited the Shenzhen Children's Hospital from 2016 to 2019. Their age, gender, fracture site and type, mechanism of injury, length of visit, length of hospital stay, hospitalization cost, and treatment methods were analyzed.Results: A total of 664 infants were included, the median age was 187days (IQR,90-273days), including 394 males and 270 females. The top three fracture sites were the skull (430 sites, 63.70%), long bones of the limbs (168 sites, 24.89%), and clavicle (53 sites, 7.85%). The top three causes of injury were locomotion injuries (256 cases, 38.55%), falls or trips (from beds, tables, chairs, etc.) (130 cases, 19.58%), and birth injuries (97 cases, 14.61%). The number of fracture cases was 101 in the 1-28d group (15.21%), which reached a trough of 29 cases in the 29-60d group (4.37%), and a peak of 190 cases (28.61%) in the 151-240d group. The interval between injury and visiting our hospital was ≤72h in 554 cases.Conclusion: Special attention should be given to the epidemiological characteristics of fractures in infants under 1 year of age, and appropriate outreach should be implemented. For example, health education should be provided especially for frequently occurring locomotion injuries, and prompt access to specialist medical care should be recommended for skull fractures, which are prone to delayed treatment. In addition, multidisciplinary collaboration should be implemented in trauma care, while also promoting the establishment of trauma centers in specialist children’s hospitals with a stronger capacity to treat pediatric trauma, and a regional system for pediatric trauma treatment.
Experiences and factors associated with transphobic hate crimes among transgender women in the San Francisco Bay Area: comparisons across race
Authors: Gyamerah Akua , Baguso Glenda , Santiago-Rodriguez Edda , Sa'id Aria , Arayasirikul Sean , Lin Jess , Turner Caitlin , Taylor Kelly , McFarland Willi , Wilson Erin , Wesson Paul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTrans women experience high rates of gender-based violence (GBV). Little is understood about factors that shape transphobic hate crimes (a form of GBV) and racial/ethnic variation in these experiences. To contextualize GBV risk and police reporting, we examined self-reported types and correlates of transphobic hate crimes by racial/ethnic group of trans women in the San Francisco Bay Area.MethodsFrom 2016-2018, trans women participated in an HIV epidemiological study. Data analyses (N=629) examined self-reported experiences of transphobic hate crimes by race/ethnicity, and whether hate crimes were reported to the police. Chi-square tests and simple logistic regression examined sociocultural and gender identity factors associated with transphobic violence experiences and police reporting. ResultsAbout 45.8% of participants reported ever experiencing transphobic hate crime; only 48.9% of these were reported to the police. Black (47.9%) and Latina (49.0%) trans women reported a higher prevalence of battery with a weapon; White (26.7%) and trans women of “other” race/ethnicities (25.0%) reported a higher prevalence of sexual assault (p=0.001). Having one’s gender questioned, history of sex work, homelessness as a child and adult, and a history incarceration were associated with higher odds of experiencing transphobic hate crime. Trans women who felt their gender identity questioned had lower odds of reporting a hate crime to the police compared to those did not feel questioned. ConclusionsA high proportion of trans women experienced transphobic hate crime, with significant socio-structural risk factors and racial differences by crime type. However, crimes were underreported to the police. Interventions that address structural factors can yield violence prevention benefits.
Surgical outcomes are hampered after endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol lavage and/or Taxol injection in cystic lesions of the pancreas
Authors: Kim Seong-Ryong , Park Kwang-Min , Hwang Dae Wook , Lee Jae Hoon , Shin Sang Hyun , Lee Young-Joo , Kim Song Cheol , Song Ki Byung , Kwak Bong Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol lavage and Taxol injection (EUS-ELTI) in pancreatic cystic lesions have been recently performed in some medical centers. This study aimed to optimize the patient selection and analyze the outcomes in patients who underwent surgery after EUS-ELTI in pancreatic cystic lesions.
Methods

Among 310 patients who underwent EUS-ELTI between January 2007 and December 2014, 23 underwent surgery after EUS-ELTI owing to incomplete treatment and/or adverse events. We evaluated the surgical outcomes in patients who underwent surgery after EUS-ELTI. Then, we retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes of the patients who underwent the surgery after EUS-ELTI with those of patients who underwent upfront surgery for left-sided pancreatic lesions without the EUS-ELTI procedure.
Results

The pathology revealed degenerated cysts in 12 patients, mucinous cyst neoplasms in five patients, neuroendocrine tumors in two patients, and one intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), one solid pseudopapillary tumor, one pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma arising from an IPMN, and one hepatoid carcinoma. Twelve patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and five patients underwent open distal pancreatectomy. All six patients who had lesions in the pancreatic head underwent open pancreaticoduodenectomy. When we retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes between patients who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy after EUS-ELTI and those who did not receive the EUS-ELTI procedure, the spleen-preserving rate was 0% in the EUS-ELTI group and 61.7% (365/592) in the non-EUS-ELTI group (P < 0.001). Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistulas occurred in 33.3% of patients in the EUS-ELTI group and in 6.8% of patients in the non-EUS-ELTI group (P = 0.025). The mean postoperative hospital stay was also shorter in the non-EUS-ELTI group than in the EUS-ELTI group (8.66 ± 5.66 and 13.56 ± 7.20, P = 0.032).
Conclusion

Surgical outcomes are compromised after EUS-ELTI in the cystic tumor of the pancreas. Further investigations are needed for investigation of the efficacy and safety of the EUS-ELTI procedure.
The core genome M5C plays an important role in methylation modification and immune infiltration of acute myelocytic leukemia samples
Authors: Wen Qiang , Wang ShouJun , Hong Lili , Sheng Xianfu , Zhuang Xiaofen , Chen Yu , zhuang haifeng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Currently, the pathogenesis of acute myelocytic leukemia(AML) is still unclear. We found the core genome M5C plays a vital role in methylation modification and immune infiltration of AML. At the same time, we created a new M5C score model to define the high and low-risk groups of AML.Our research showed the expression levels of the three molecular subtypes of M5C (C1, C2 and C3);as well as different clinical features ,the results showed significant differences in age\RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion, but not in RUNX1 mutation group.We constructed a prognostic risk model based on m5C phenotype from 417 samples in the GSE37642 data set and found 5 differential genes using lasso regression method. And the prognostic KM curve of the 5-gene signature was obtained, from which it can be seen that: all the five genes could significantly reduce the high and low risk of GSE37642 training set samples (P < 0.05).Finally, the robustness of M5C related 5-gene signature for AML prediction was verified by internal and external data using single factor and multifactor COX regression analysis.5-gene signature has strong robustness and can play a stable prediction performance in external validation data sets (GSE12417, TCGA-LAML).
The 3-Month Efficacy of Visual Art Training on Observational and Diagnostic Skills Among Nursing Students - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Guo Jia , Zhong Qinyi , Tang Ying , Luo Jiaxin , Wang Hongjuan , Qin Xiaofen , Wang Xiuhua , Wiley James 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Visual art training is a student-led approach using Western art pieces as the main teaching resources. It has been developed and applied in nursing and medical education in the United States. This study aimed to adapt visual art training to Chinese cultural context, then to compare the efficacy of the culturally-tailored visual art training versus traditional education on observational and diagnostic skills at 3-month follow-up among Chinese nursing students in master program. Methods: This study included Phase 1 (cultural adaptation) and Phase 2 (3-month efficacy evaluation). It was conducted from June to September, 2019. In Phase 1, cultural barriers were identified and cultural adaptation strategy were made based on two focus group interviews. Phase 2 was a randomized controlled trial in a local museum. A total of 106 first-year nursing students in master program were randomized to the intervention group (visual art training composed of a field-guided museum visit with observation and debriefing of Chinese oil paintings and clinical images, plus traditional education) or the control group (traditional education). Data were collected for both groups at baseline and 3-month follow-up on the observational and diagnostic skills measured by clinical image tests. Satisfaction with the visual art training was investigated among staff and students respectively. Results: Observational skills of the intervention group increased significantly compared with the control group three months after the training (p < .001). A trend towards the improvement of diagnostic skills was indicated with increment of 2.92 points of the intervention group vs. 0.39 of the control group (p > .05). In general, all participants and staff were satisfied with the visual art training, especially the selected Chinese oil paintings and the student-led teaching process, but 34% (n = 18) were not satisfied with the long distance from the museum. Conclusions: A culturally-tailored visual art training with great acceptability and feasibility was implemented in China. It had a sustained positive effect on improving the observational skills of Chinese nursing students. This study can be used for a reference to introduce visual art training to nursing students or nurses from other cultures.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000037956) on 4th September, 2020.