bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel morphological and genetic features of fumarate hydratase deficient renal cell carcinoma in HLRCC syndrome patients with a tailored therapeutic approach
Authors: Wyvekens Nicolas , Valtcheva Nadejda , Mischo Axel , Helmchen Birgit , Hermanns Thomas , Choschzick Matthias , Hötker Andreas M. , Rauch Anita , Mühleisen Beda , Akhoundova Dilara , Weber Achim , Moch Holger , Rupp Niels J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HLRCC) is defined by germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene and associated with leiomyomas and aggressive renal cell carcinomas with FH deficiency. Here, we comprehensively characterize two new patients with HLRCC syndrome on a morphological, immunohistochemical and genetic level. The patients developed aggressive HLRCC syndrome‐associated RCCs, uterine leiomyomas and dermal leiomyomas. One HLRCC syndrome‐associated RCC exhibited an unusual morphology with accumulation of “colloid‐like” cytoplasmic inclusions, which might serve as a novel sentinel feature to trigger further testing. This case showed partially retained FH expression, initially hampering correct diagnosis. Comprehensive next‐generation sequencing analyses of HLRCC syndrome‐associated RCC and leiomyomas in our patients revealed divergent genetic changes in the FH gene in different tumors from the same patient. While all leiomyomas (uterine and cutaneous) showed a FH loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as a wildtype allele inactivating event, one HLRCC‐RCC showed a second, undescribed NM_000143.3; c.947C>T; p.Ala316Val FH mutation accompanying the preexisting splice site mutation c.378+2T>C. In the other HLRCC syndrome‐associated RCC, the FH mutation (NM_000143.3; c.462T>G; p.Asn154Lys with a somatic LOH) represents another variant of unknown significance that we link to HLRCC ‐ and thus classify as likely pathogenic. Due to the specific diagnosis of metastatic HLRCC syndrome‐associated RCC, both cases were treated in first line with bevacizumab/erlotinib and showed remarkable and long lasting responses. These findings allow new morphological and molecular insights into the biology of the HLRCC syndrome, corroborate the “second hit” hypothesis of tumor formation in HLRCC patients and may promote a distinct therapeutic approach.
Port site hernia at the robotic arm port after robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy
Authors: Ogasa Taiki , Nagata Masayoshi , Koyasu Hiroki , China Toshiyuki , Kitamura Kosuke , Wakumoto Yoshiaki , Muto Satoru , Horie Shigeo 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionComplications unique to laparoscopic surgery have been reported, including port site hernia. We experienced a case of port site hernia in the robotic right‐hand port site measuring 8 mm in diameter after robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Case presentationA 56‐year‐old man was indicated a high prostate–specific antigen level of 37.8 ng/ml. Subsequent prostate biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 4 + 4. The patient underwent robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in Juntendo Hospital. Although his postoperative recovery was generally good, the patient complained of sudden nausea and acute abdominal pain. A contrast computed tomography scan showed an ileus due to a hernia occurring at the robotic right‐hand port, the da Vinci Arm I port. We released incarceration under laparoscopic procedure.ConclusionSince the port diameter is relatively small in robot‐assisted surgery, port site hernias are expected to be rare. However, careful attention should be paid to the positional deviation of the remote center.
Proteome profiling of gestational diabetes mellitus at 16‐18 weeks revealed by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Sun Jingru , Wen Xinyu , Duan Jinyan , Xue Dandan , Pan Yuling , Sun Jinghua , Zhang Wei , Cheng Xiaoliang , Wang Chengbin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe practices used to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) could only be carried out around the time of detectable symptoms, and predictive capacity is little.MethodsLC‐MS/MS was conducted to explore overview proteomics for GDM complicated pregnant woman at 16‐18 gestation weeks, while normal pregnant for control. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was further applied in an independent cohort of 15 GDM cases and 15 controls for verification.ResultsThe results indicated that 24 protein expression levels were significantly changed in GDM group samples, and inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, blood coagulation, and lipid homeostasis were associated with GDM. The abnormal expression of CRP and IGFBP2 was verified in the first‐trimester maternal plasma in women who subsequently developed GDM.ConclusionsThis study not only identified 24 potential predictive biomarkers for GDM also provided a global overview of protein rearrangements induced by GDM.
Cu‐Al mixed oxide derived from layered double hydroxide as an efficient catalyst for continuous‐flow reductive amination of aromatic aldehydes
Authors: Nuzhdin Alexey L , Bukhtiyarova Marina V , Bukhtiyarova Galina A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSecondary amines are important intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and other valuable chemicals. Hence, there is a continuing interest in cost‐effective and environmentally friendly methods for producing these compounds. Reductive amination of aldehydes or ketones with primary amines over heterogeneous metal catalysts is an attractive approach due to the use of inexpensive and environmentally benign molecular hydrogen as a reducing agent.RESULTSVarious secondary amines were obtained by two‐step reductive amination of benzaldehyde derivatives and furfural with primary amines. The condensation of aromatic aldehydes with amines at room temperature in low water methanol gives imines, which are then hydrogenated in a flow reactor over CuAlOx catalyst derived from layered double hydroxide. This process does not require isolation and purification of intermediate imines and can be utilized to obtain several secondary amines in good to excellent yield. The time‐dependent study showed that CuAlOx catalyst demonstrates excellent stability in imine hydrogenation.CONCLUSIONAn environmentally friendly procedure has been developed for the synthesis of secondary amines through a reductive amination of aromatic aldehydes with primary amines over Cu‐based catalyst. This procedure presents a novel way for the sustainable production of secondary amines. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
One‐pot synthesis of meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 and its excellent performance in VOCs adsorption/desorption
Authors: Dai Jiqiang , Zhao Cheng , Hu Xiaomei , Chen Dingsheng , Yun Junge , Liu Chengxian , Zhong Min , Huang Daojian , Cen Chaoping , Chen Zhihang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 is used for treating the complicated industrial organic waste gas, owing to its good hydrophobicity, excellent thermal and hydrothermal stability, and lower mass transfer resistance than conventional ZSM‐5, resulting in its great adsorption property for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this paper, different types of meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 (NZ5, MZ5) were prepared using the templates and then characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and so on. The adsorption/desorption performance and diffusion mechanism of VOCs on meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 were further investigated.RESULTSThe meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 (MZ5), prepared with the cationic surfactant, contained not only large and uniform mesopores but also certain amounts micropores. Moreover, it exhibited excellence adsorption performance for organic molecules due to its relatively reasonable porous structure. The rich porous structure might mean that the cationic surfactant had better effects for producing mesopores in zeolite than the organic additives, such as phenyltriethoxy silane. More importantly, it showed the excellent thermal and hydrothermal stability and great desorption property, which was more than 95% within 20 min at 200 °C. Finally, the diffusion mechanism of toluene on the meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 was investigated, which was suitable for Fick's second law under the low adsorption pressure.CONCLUSIONThe meso‐microporous ZSM‐5 (MZ5, NZ5), prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method with the template, exhibited excellent adsorption/desorption performance, thermal and hydrothermal stability and lower mass transfer resistance than the conventional ZSM‐5 (CZ5) for handling the VOCs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
YouTube use among dental students for learning clinical procedures: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Burns Lorel E. , Abbassi Elham , Qian Xu , Mecham Anthony , Simeteys Paul , Mays Keith A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the use of YouTube as a learning tool for clinical procedures among third‐ and fourth‐year dental students.MethodsA multiple choice survey was distributed through Qualtrics to third‐ and fourth‐year dental students at 5 United States dental schools. Questions pertaining to YouTube use were asked related to the following categories: demographic information, general YouTube use, YouTube use as a tool to learn clinical procedures, YouTube video sharing, and validity. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were performed.ResultsData were collected in 2019 and 2020 from 479 third‐ and fourth‐year dental students (overall response rate 28.3%). Respondents ranged in age from under 23 to over age 50. Ninety‐five percent of respondents considered YouTube videos on clinical procedures to be a helpful learning tool, and 89% would like for their dental school to post tutorials to YouTube/social media. No statistically significant differences were found between dental institutions; however, a statistically significant difference between third‐ and fourth‐year students did exist regarding the frequency of YouTube use. While the use of YouTube as a learning tool for clinical procedures is high, 36% of students are uncertain about the evidence‐base of the videos.ConclusionsAs dental students use publicly available resources as adjuncts to the dental curriculum, it is important to analyze the quality of the material accessed. These findings may suggest a need for dental institutions to increase the development of evidence‐based instructional videos as a part of their clinical educational curriculums.
RAC2 and primary human immune deficiencies
Authors: Lougaris Vassilios , Baronio Manuela , Gazzurelli Luisa , Benvenuto Alessio , Plebani Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
RAC2 is a GTPase that is exclusively expressed in hematopoietic cells. Animal models have suggested important roles for RAC2 in the biology of different cell types, such as neutrophils and lymphocytes. Primary immunodeficiencies represent “experimentum naturae” and offer priceless insight on the function of the human immune system. Mutations in RAC2 have been identified in a small number of patients giving rise to different forms of primary immunodeficiencies ranging from granulocyte defects caused by dominant negative mutations to combined immunodeficiency due to dominant activating mutations. This review will focus on the clinical and immunologic phenotype of patients with germline mutations in RAC2.
Ab initio calculation of the proton transfer reaction rate coefficients to volatile organic compounds related to cork taint in wine
Authors: Bhatia Manjeet , Biasioli Franco , Cappellin Luca , Piseri Paolo , Manini Nicola 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe compute the proton transfer rates to a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) related to cork taint in wine. These rates are useful to support quantification in proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) and in selected‐ion flow‐tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS). We apply the average dipole orientation theory and the parameterized trajectory method to evaluate the rate coefficients for proton transfer occurring in ion–molecule collision, from both H3O+ and NH
to the VOCs. The main input ingredients for these methods are the electric dipole moment and polarizability of the VOC molecules, which we evaluate by means of quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory. We provide new data for proton transfer rate coefficients of compounds responsible for cork taint and off‐flavor in wine such as chloroanisoles, bromoanisoles, methylisoborneol, guaiacol, and terpenes.
Role of 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT3 receptors in serotonergic activation of sensory neurons in relation to itch and pain behavior in the rat
Authors: Domocos Dan , Selescu Tudor , Ceafalan Laura Cristina , Iodi Carstens Mirela , Carstens Earl , Babes Alexandru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSerotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) released by platelets, mast cells, and immunocytes is a potent inflammatory mediator which modulates pain and itch sensing in the peripheral nervous system. The serotonergic receptors expressed by primary afferent neurons involved in these sensory functions are not fully identified and appear to be to a large extent species dependent. Moreover, the mechanisms through which 5‐HT receptor activation is coupled to changes in neuronal excitability have not been completely revealed. Using a combination of in vitro (calcium and voltage imaging and patch‐clamp) and in vivo behavioral methods, we used both male and female Wistar rats to provide evidence for the involvement of two 5‐HT receptor subtypes, 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT3, in mediating the sustained and transient effects, respectively, of 5‐HT on rat primary afferent neurons involved in pain and itch processing. In addition, our results are consistent with a model in which sustained serotonergic responses triggered via the 5‐HT1A receptor are due to closure of background potassium channels, followed by membrane depolarization and action potentials, during which the activation of voltage‐gated calcium channels leads to calcium entry. Our results may provide a better understanding of mammalian serotonergic itch signaling.
Hydrological changes during the Roman Climatic Optimum in northern Tuscany (Central Italy) as evidenced by speleothem records and archaeological data
Authors: Bini M. , Zanchetta G. , Regattieri E. , Isola I. , Drysdale R. N. , Fabiani F. , Genovesi S. , Hellstrom J. C. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTStudy of the climate in the Mediterranean basin during different historical periods has taken on a particular importance, particularly regarding its role (together with other factors) in the evolution of human settlement patterns. Although the Roman age is traditionally considered a period with a favourable climate, recent studies have revealed considerable complexity in terms of regional climate variations. In this paper, we compare the hydrological change from speleothem proxy records with flood reconstructions from archaeological sites for Northern Tuscany (central Italy). We identify a period of oscillating climatic conditions culminating in a multidecadal dry event during the 1st century bc, followed by a century of increased precipitation at the beginning of the Roman Empire and subsequently a return to drier conditions in the 2nd century ad. The period of rainfall increase documented by the speleothems agrees with both the archaeological flood record as well as historical flood data available for the Tiber River, ca. 300 km to the south. These data also suggest a return to wetter conditions following the 3nd and 4rd centuries ad.
Conjugation of ferulic acid onto pectin affected the physicochemical, functional and antioxidant properties
Authors: Wang Chun , Cai Wu‐Dan , Yao Jing , Wu Li‐Xia , Li Lin , Zhu Jie , Yan Jing‐Kun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPectin, as a functional ingredient, is best known as a gelling and thickening agent, stabilizer, and fat substitute in processed foods. The synthesis of pectin graft copolymers is considered one of the most fascinating ways to improve its physicochemical and functional properties. In this study, therefore, water‐soluble pectin or ultrasound‐treated pectins (UP30 and UP60) grafted with ferulic acid (FA) conjugates, pectin‐g‐FA, UP30‐g‐FA and UP60‐g‐FA, were synthesized via a free radical‐mediated grafting procedure, and their physicochemical, structural, and functional characteristics were investigated. Moreover, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH)‐radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and ferric‐reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay were used to evaluate their antioxidant activities in vitro.RESULTSResults showed that FA was covalently grafted onto pectin or ultrasound‐treated pectins, and the grafting ratios of pectin‐g‐FA, UP30‐g‐FA and UP60‐g‐FA were 65.43 ± 1.30, 82.55 ± 1.71 and 75.82 ± 0.89 mg FA/g, respectively. Although the molecular weights, apparent viscosities, and thermal stabilities of the three FA‐grafted pectin conjugates decreased and their surface morphologies were different from those of native pectin and ultrasound‐treated pectins, they possessed prominent DPPH‐radical scavenging ability [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.32 to 0.89 mg mL−1) and antioxidant capacity (TEAC of 100.02 to 153.42 μmol Trolox/g sample; FRAP: 166.41 to 270.27 μmol FeSO4/g sample). Their antioxidant potentials were positively correlated with the grafting ratio.CONCLUSIONThis study provided a promising strategy for the functionalization of pectin, and the prepared FA‐grafted pectin conjugates could be explored as functional ingredients that showed potential for applications in food and agriculture systems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Vertical niche definition of test‐bearing protists (Rhizaria) into the twilight zone revealed by in situ imaging
Authors: Biard Tristan , Ohman Mark D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Rhizaria is a super‐group of amoeboid protists with ubiquitous distributions, from the euphotic zone to the twilight zone and beyond. While rhizarians have been recently described as important contributors to both biogenic silica and carbon fluxes, we lack the most basic information about their ecological habitats and preferences. Here, using in situ imaging (Underwater Vision Profiler 5), we characterize the vertical ecological niches of different test‐bearing pelagic rhizarian taxa in the southernCalifornia Current Ecosystem. We define three vertical layers between 0 and 500 m occupied, respectively, by (1) surface dwelling and mostly symbiont‐bearing rhizarians (Acantharia and Collodaria), (2) flux‐feeding phaeodarians in the lower epipelagic (100–200 m), and (3) Foraminifera and Phaeodaria populations adjacent to the oxygen minimum zone. We then use Generalized Additive Models to analyze the response of each rhizarian category to a suite of environmental variables. The models explain between 9% and 93% of the total variance observed for the different groups. While temperature and the depth of the deep chlorophyll maximum appear as the main abiotic factors influencing populations in the upper 200 m, dissolved silicon concentration is related to the abundance of mesopelagic phaeodarians, though it explains only a portion of the variance. The importance of biotic interactions (e.g., prey availability, predation, parasitism, symbiosis) is still to be considered, in order to fully incorporate the dynamics of test‐bearing pelagic rhizarians in ecological and biogeochemical models.
Annual patterns in phytoplankton phenology in Antarctic coastal waters explained by environmental drivers
Authors: van Leeuwe Maria A. , Webb Alison L. , Venables Hugh J. , Visser Ronald J.W. , Meredith Mike P. , Elzenga J. Theo M. , Stefels Jacqueline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoastal zones of Antarctica harbor rich but highly variable phytoplankton communities. The mechanisms that control the dynamics of these communities are not well defined. Here we elucidate the mechanisms that drive seasonal species succession, based on algal photophysiological characteristics and environmental factors. For this, phytoplankton community structure together with oceanographic parameters was studied over a 5‐year period (2012–2017) at Rothera Station at Ryder Bay (Western Antarctic Peninsula). Algal pigment patterns and photophysiological studies based on fluorescence analyses were combined with data from the Rothera Time‐Series program. Considerable interannual variation was observed, related to variations in wind‐mixing, ice cover and an El Niño event. Clear patterns in the succession of algal classes became manifest when combining the data collected over the five successive years. In spring, autotrophic flagellates with a high light affinity were the first to profit from increasing light and sea ice melt. These algae most likely originated from sea‐ice communities, stressing the role of sea ice as a seeding vector for the spring bloom. Diatoms became dominant towards summer in more stratified and warmer surface waters. These communities displayed significantly lower photoflexibility than spring communities. There are strong indications for mixotrophy in cryptophytes, which would explain much of their apparently random occurrence. Climate models predict continuing retreat of Antarctic sea‐ice during the course of this century. For the near‐future we predict that the marginal sea‐ice zone will still harbor significant communities of haptophytes and chlorophytes, whereas increasing temperatures will mainly be beneficial for diatoms.
Noninvasive Assessment of Mycotic Nail Tissue Using an Ultraviolet Fluorescence Excitation Imaging System
Authors: Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Franco Walfre , Haedersdal Merete , Philipsen Peter Alshede 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesMycological diagnosis of onychomycosis is based on direct microscopy using external fluorophores to visualize fungal tissue in nail samples and agar culture. Ultraviolet fluorescence excitation imaging (u‐FEI) has shown potential in monitoring biological processes by exploiting variations in autofluorescence. This study aimed at assessing the potential of a handheld u‐FEI system as a practical screening tool for fungal nail infections.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNinety samples from 29 patients with microscopy‐confirmed fungal infection and 10 control samples from healthy participants were collected (n = 100). Using a prototype u‐FEI system (single bandpass 25 mm filter with a central pass wavelength of 340 nm and a bandwidth of 12 nm, 295 nm excitation flash, resolution of 640 × 480), images of all samples were acquired under standardized conditions. Average and maximum fluorescence intensity image values in arbitrary units (AU) of manually delineated regions of interests were quantitated and statistically assessed for significant differences between healthy and mycotic samples.ResultsUV‐images clearly depicted all 100 nail samples, with a visibly stronger signal in infected samples. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in signal intensity between mycotic samples and healthy controls were observed for maximum and average fluorescence values. Mean fluorescence values of onychomycotic samples showed 23.9% higher maximum (mycotic: 34.9 AU [standard deviation [SD] 4.7]; healthy: 28.2 AU [SD 1.9]) and 10.2% higher average (mycotic: 27.6 AU [SD 2.0]; healthy: 25.0 AU [SD 0.7]) signal intensity values. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability (area under the curve > 0.9). Analysis of fluorescence measurements of the reference standard demonstrated very low variation (coefficient of variation = 0.62%)ConclusionQuantitation of u‐FEI intensities enables differentiation between healthy and mycotic nail samples, constituting a potential point‐of‐care tool for cost‐effective screening for onychomycosis at a primary care level. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC