bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturally occurring phytochemical as inhibitors from Catharanthus roseus: An In-silico approaches for drug development against COVID-19
Authors: Kalaria Rishee K. , Patel Hiren K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current outbreak of the novel 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has developed a threat to the world's human population. There are no effective therapies or vaccines yet, urging the serious efforts to tackle this pandemic situation.SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, papain like protease protein (PLPRO), main protease (3CLpro) and RNA dependent DNA polymerase are key factors in the virus infectious process and have been identified as potential targets for therapeutic formulation. Most people in India depend on conventional Indian medicine (phytochemical compounds) to treat diseases due to lower cost, easier accessibility and no adverse effects. A lot of studies have recently shown that phytochemicals contain an effective anti-viral activity. This study aims to investigate phytochemicals metabolites from the IMPPAT database (Indian Medicinal Plants Database) in order to identify potential COVID-19 inhibitors using in silico approaches. Certain phytochemical compounds with structure analogs like hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine from the IMPPAT database were taken for interaction with SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The Apparicine, 12-Chlorotabersonine, AC1NSULH and Vindolininol identified from Catharanthus roseus were further checked the ADMET property as well as ‘Lipinski’s rule and resulted in a strong binding affinity of (-7.6,-7.5) and (-7.6 -7.5) kcal/mol respectively for spikes and papain like protease protein of SARS-CoV-2. Our results indicate that these specific compounds can be used as effective inhibitors and help to pace up the drug development against SARS-CoV-2. Further investigation and testing of these inhibitors against SARS‐CoV‐2 are however required to check their clinical trial candidacy.
Association of Household Socioeconomic Status, Neighborhood Support System and Adherence to Dietary Recommendation among Persons with T2DM, a Facility-based Cross-sectional Study in Ghana
Authors: Doglikuu Be-Ikuu , Abdulai Abubakari , Yaseri Mehdi , Shakibazadeh Elham , Djazayery Abolghassem , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Dietary recommendation help persons with diabetes adopt healthy eating habits to achieve optimal glycemic control. Socioeconomic-status and neighborhood support system could influence adherence to dietary recommendation. The purpose of our study is to assess the association of household-socioeconomic status and neighborhood-support system with adherence to dietary recommendation among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional-survey was conducted among 530 individuals with T2DM in Brong Ahafo region, Ghana. Six hospitals were randomly selected and persons with T2DM consecutively recruited from the selected hospitals into the study. Structured-questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic variables. Adherence to dietary recommendation was the outcome -variable, and was assessed using perceived dietary adherence questionnaire. Results: Age (years) (P-value=0.01), place of residence (P-value =0.01), educational level (P-value =0.01) and occupation (P-value =0.01) were significantly correlated with socioeconomic status (P-value 0.01). Age (years) regression coefficient (β) -0.089, 95%CI (-0.12, -0.001), Being married β0.103, 95%CI (0.002, 0.02), moderate and low-social support system β 0.309, 95%CI(0.17, 0.38) and β-0.192, 95%CI(-0.26, -0.06) respectively, and high-socioeconomic status β 0.197, 95%CI(0.06, 0.25) were significantly associated with adherence to dietary recommendation.Conclusion: We found that social-support system and socioeconomic-status could be associated with adherence to dietary recommendation. Therefore, health workers should consider that patients’ social support system and socioeconomic status could be modifiable factors for optimum adherence.
The long shadow of childhood cancer: A qualitative study on insurance hardship among survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Hendriks Manya J , Harju Erika , Roser Katharina , Ienca Marcello , Michel Gisela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

The long-term consequences of childhood cancer have received increasing attention due to the growing number of survivors over the past decades. However, insurance hardships of survivors and their families are mostly unknown. This study explored qualitatively, in a sample of childhood cancer survivors (CCS), (i) the experiences and needs of CCS living in Switzerland with a special focus on hardships related to insurance; and (ii) the views of insurance and law experts with experience on childhood cancer.
Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 childhood cancer survivors and 3 experts (one legal expert, two insurance experts). Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis.
Results

Three key themes emerged from the interviews with the CCS: 1) experiences with insurance, 2) perception of discrimination, and 3) needs and barriers for support. The interviewed experts provided further detailed clarification of CCS’ concerns. Our findings indicated that some CCS can move past their cancer history, while others continue to face hardships. CCS reported confusion about the opportunities and services within the social security system and most relied on their personal contacts for guidance. Finally, CCS expressed a strong need for socio-economic and legal support for social insurance questions, especially related to disability insurance.
Conclusions

With the growing population of CCS, it is essential to further assess the interplay between medical and psychosocial health and socio-economic hardship. Supportive psychosocial services should aim to ameliorate insurance hardships. Better understanding of the relationship between childhood cancer and insurance hardships during survivorship will inform efforts to improve long-term financial security and health outcomes for survivors. We call for the public, lawmakers, researchers, insurers, and patient organizations to come together and discuss future perspectives to avoid the risk of discrimination for cancer survivors.
Characteristics and Oncological Outcome of Clinical T3a Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy in the Multi-Parametric MRI Era
Authors: Yoshitomi Kasumi , Yamamoto Shinya , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Fukagawa Eri , Hamada Kosuke , Yoneoka Yusuke , Fujiwara Motohiro , Fujiwara Ryo , Oguchi Tomohiko , Komai Yoshinobu , Numao Noboru , Yuasa Takeshi , Fukui Iwao , Yonese Junji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We aimed to reveal the association between the method of diagnosis (multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging [mpMRI] and digital rectal examination [DRE]) and oncological outcomes of patients with clinical T3a (cT3a) prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) and stratify them according to oncological risk. We included 132 cT3a prostate cancer patients who underwent RP between 2008 and 2018. The biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival rate was evaluated according to the method of diagnosis (mpMRI alone; mpMRI group vs. DRE [with or without mpMRI]; DRE group). Several preoperative factors were evaluated in the multivariate analysis. Patients were divided into risk groups by our prediction model. The mpMRI group had significantly longer BCR-free survival than the DRE group (p<0.0001). The method of diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR]=2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45-5.06; p=0.0017) and % positive cores (HR=4.36; 95% CI 1.14-16.5; p=0.031) were independent prognostic factors. Patients were divided into three risk groups based on these factors. There was a significant difference in BCR-free survival rate among the groups (p=0.0002).The method of diagnosis of cT3a prostate cancer was associated with BCR-free survival, and we categorized patients into risk groups. These assessments were attributable to the appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients with cT3a prostate cancer.
Insights about the Epidemiology of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from different Sources in Brazil using Comparative Genomics
Authors: Seribelli Amanda , Silva Patrick da , Cruz Marcelo da , Almeida Fernanda de , Frazão Miliane , Medeiros Marta , Rodrigues Dália , Kich Jalusa , Benevides Leandro , Soares Siomar , Allard Marc , Falcão Juliana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is an important zoonotic agent worldwide. In Brazil, there are few published studies that have characterized the possible differences of S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans, foods and animal by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The aim of this work was to compare genetically 117 S. Typhimurium isolates from different sources from 30 years (1983 to 2013) in Brazil using different genomics strategies, including: phylogenetic analysis; orthologous protein clusters analysis; Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST); prophages and resistance genes screening related to efflux pumps. Results: The majority of the 117 S. Typhimurium strains studied were grouped into a single cluster (≅90%) by the genome core (cgMLST) and (≅77%) by single copy marker genes (ggTree). The different orthologous protein clusters found for some S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food are involved in metabolic and regulatory processes. For 26 S. Typhimurium isolates from swine the sequence type (ST) 19 was the most common, the ST1921 was the second most prevalent and the STs 14, 64, 516 and 639 were also detected. The main prophages detected were: Gifsy-2 in 79 (67.5%) and Gifsy-1 in 63 (54%) S. Typhimurium isolates. All of the S. Typhimurium isolates contained the acrA, acrB, macA, macB, mdtK, emrA, emrB, emrR and tolC efflux pump genes. Conclusions: Phylogenetic analyses grouped the majority of the S. Typhimurium isolates into a single cluster suggesting that there is one prevalent subtype that has successful contaminated human, food and animal sources for 30 years in Brazil. The orthologous protein clusters analysis revealed unique genes in the S. Typhimurium studied mainly related to bacterial metabolism and that may be important in their pathogenicity. S. Typhimurium isolates from swine showed greater diversity of STs and prophages in comparison to S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans and foods. The pathogenic potential of S. Typhimurium strains was corroborated by the presence of exclusive prophages of this serovar involved in their virulence. The high number of resistance genes related to efflux pumps is worrying and may lead to therapeutic failures when treatment is needed.
Dental Caries in Pakistan. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Ammar Ahmed , Alshammary Freah , Mulla Mushir , Al-Zubaidi Saad M. , Afroze Eman , Amin Junaid , Amin Salman , Shaikh Sameer , Madfa Ahmed A. , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOptimum oral health is impossible to achieve without managing dental caries. The first step to manage dental caries at community level is to know its prevalence, and trend. Unfortunately, prevalence of dental caries at national/regional level is not known in many developing countries. Pakistan is of no exception. The present meta-analysis was planned to document prevalence of dental caries at national, as well as regional level. This paper will serve as baseline for making future health policies, and health promotion activities in the country.MethodsLiterature was searched through various databases, such as PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of science using: "Prevalence", "Dental Caries", "Dental Decay" and "Severity" as keywords. Any study that reported prevalence of dental caries, and was conducted in Pakistani population was included. Thirty studies fulfilled the mentioned criteria, and was included. Quality assessment of all the included studies was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. MedCalc software was used to analyses the data.ResultsIn total 26952 subjects were included in meta-analysis from 30 studies. The prevalence estimate of dental caries at national level was 56.32 % (95% CI: 49.326 to 63.197). The I2 value was 99.07% (95% CI: 98.94 to 99.18), (I2 > 75%) indicating heterogeneity , hence pooled proportion was reported using random effect model. The prevalence estimate of dental caries in Sindh was 58.135% (95% CI: 43.906 to 71.705), and in Punjab it was 53.95% (95% CI: 44.179 to 63.57), whilst in Baluchistan and KPK combined was 51.17% (95% CI: 22.930 to 79.004).ConclusionBased on the existing data nearly 60 % of Pakistani population have dental caries. The proportion is almost same in all provinces. Most of the included studies found to be of high risk.
Research and Evaluation of a Cyberchondria Severity Scale in a Chinese Context
Authors: Hu Yixin , Shao Yunru , Zhang Xiaoyan , Maguire Phil , Wang Dawei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cyberchondria is the unfounded anxiety that results when people look up their medical conditions online and mistakenly diagnose themselves with serious illnesses. Such internet-derived medical anxiety can manifest itself in different ways across cultures. This study explores the unique nature of cyberchondria in the context of Chinese culture, identifying the risk factors for the condition and the possible negative outcomes.Results: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to highlight differences in the structure of the scale for Western and Chinese contexts. Through the process of the reliability and validity testing, a Chinese version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (C-CSS) was developed. Subsequent regression analysis indicated that three antecedents are effective predictors of cyberchondria, and that C-CSS is related to theoretically relevant outcomes.Conclusions: This study initially demonstrated the applicability of C-CSS to assess the severity of cyberchondria among Chinese undergraduates.
The Interplay Between Information Flux and Temporal Dynamics in Infraslow Frequencies
Authors: Golesorkhi Mehrshad , Tumati Shankar , Gomez-Pilar Javier , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Northoff Georg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Unlike the brain’s faster frequencies, the exact role of its more powerful infraslow frequencies (ISF, 0.01 – 0.1Hz) in information processing remains poorly understood. Do and how ISF process information? We investigate information processing and related temporal dynamics of ISF in resting and task state fMRI. To quantify information, we apply the Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC), a measure of signal compression indexing information. The LZC is combined with direct measurement of the dynamics of ISF themselves, namely their power spectral density by median frequency (MF). We demonstrate the following: (I) topographical differences in resting state between higher- and lower-order networks, showing statistically lower LZC in the former; (II) task-related changes in LZC; (III) modulation of LZC associated with MF changes, with low and high MF resting-state values correlated with different degrees of LZC change. In sum, we provide evidence that ISF carry and process information as mediated through their temporal dynamics.
‘Pediatric Bipolar Disorder’ Rates are Still Lower than Claimed – A Re-examination of Eight Epidemiological Surveys used by an Updated Meta-analysis
Authors: Parry Peter , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: ‘Pediatric bipolar disorder’ (PBD) is a controversial diagnosis with varying rates of clinical diagnosis. A highly cited meta-analysis (Van Meter et al. 2011) of a dozen epidemiological surveys suggested a global community prevalence of 1.8%. This was further updated to 3.9% with eight additional surveys (Van Meter et al. 2019a). A narrative analysis (Parry et al. 2018) of the original 12 surveys concluded rates of PBD were substantially lower than 1.8% and led to a nine-article debate on the validity, overdiagnosis and iatrogenic aspects of the PBD diagnosis (e.g. Carlson and Dubicka 2019). This article extends the narrative analysis to include the eight newer community surveys.Methods: In terms of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, the heterogenous community surveys were arguably unsuitable for statistical meta-analysis and warranted a narrative analysis.Results: Across all twenty surveys there was significant variation in methodologies and reported prevalence rates. Of the eight newer surveys, five (two Brazilian, one English, one Turkish, one United States) provided information of pre-adolescent rates of bipolar spectrum disorder. These pre-adolescent rates were zero or close to zero. Rates of adolescent hypomania/mania were higher, but follow-up data suggested most hypomania did not progress to adult bipolar disorder.Limitations: Methods in the original surveys vary and criteria used for various bipolar diagnoses were not always fully described. This limitation applies to a narrative analysis but also to a statistical meta-analysis.Conclusion: Bipolar disorder is very rare in childhood and rare in adolescence. PBD as a diagnostic construct fails to correlate with adult bipolar disorder and the term should be abandoned. Hypomanic syndromes in adolescence may not progress to adult bipolar disorder. Early diagnosis of bipolar disorder is important, but over-diagnosis risks adverse iatrogenic consequences.
The therapeutic effects of FGF21 on diabetic nephropathy are realized by augmenting autophagy via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Meng Rui , Cao Yu , Khoso Mir , Kang Kai , Ren Gui , Xiao Wei , Li Deshan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that FGF21 plays a preventive role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, little is known about the therapeutical effects of FGF21 on DN and underlying mechanism. In this study, FGF21 significantly ameliorated blood glucose, HbAlc, insulin resistance, renal function and histopathological change in DN mice (BKS-Leprem2Cd479/Gpt), which develop abnormalities in renal morphology and function. Our results showed that administration of FGF21 upregulated the autophagy related genes LC3Ⅱ and BCL-1 mRNA and protein expression levels. D-glucose was used for high glucose (HG) model in mesangial cells. The results showed that treatment with FGF21 reduced the levels of ROS, AGEs and inflammatory cytokines and significantly downregulated the protein expression of PCNA. Meanwhile, FGF21 significantly enhanced the expression of LC3Ⅱ and BCL-1. Besides, Our studies showed that administration of FGF21 significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and downregulated phosphorylation of mTOR. Meanwhile, the effects of FGF21 on autophagy were reversed by siRNA against β-klotho. In conclusion, The therapeutic effects of FGF21 on diabetic nephropathy are realized and FGF21 ameliorates mesangial cell glucotoxicity and abnormal proliferation in vitro by augmenting autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway. These results suggest that FGF21 can be a therapeutic target against DN.
Calcium Overload and Ros Accumulation Induced by Selenium Deficiency Promote Autophagy in Swine Intestine
Authors: Zheng Yingying , Guan Haoyue , Yang Jie , Cai Jingzeng , Liu Qi , Ziwei Zhang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Selenium deficiency can seriously affect the intestinal status of swine, and cause diarrhea in swine. However, the specific mechanism of selenium intestinal injury caused by selenium deficiency is rarely reported.Methods:Here, to explore the damage of selenium deficiency on the calcium homeostasis and autophagy mechanism of swine, in vivo and in vitro models of swine intestinal selenium deficiency were established. The intestinal model of swine intestine was established by feeding different selenium concentrations. Besides, selenium-deficient medium and normal medium were used to culture IPEC-J2 cells to establish in vitro models. Morphological observation and cell staining were used to determine the way of intestinal injury, and gene expression was quantitatively detected by qPCR and WB.Results:Morphological observations showed that compared with the control group, intestinal cells in the Se-deficiency group were significantly damaged, and autophagosomes increased. MDC staining and cytoplasmic calcium staining results showed that in the Se-deficiency group, autophagy increased and calcium homeostasis was destroyed. Also, according to the ROS test results, the percentage of ROS in the Se-deficiency group is higher than the control group in the in vitro model. Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA expressions of autophagy and calcium-related genes (Beclin1, LC3-1, LC3-2, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16, mTOR, CAMKK-β, AMPK, SERCA, calpain) in the Se-deficiency group were significantly increased which was consistent in vivo and in vitro. Under the influence of selenium deficiency, the mRNA expression level of selenoproteins decreased significantly, and the steady-state content of some elements was also destroyed. Conclusion:Altogether, our results indicated that selenium deficiency could destroy the calcium homeostasis and antioxidant homeostasis of swine intestine to trigger cell autophagy. Moreover, selenium deficiency reduces the overall expression of selenoproteins and affects the content of elements in the intestine.
Analysis of trace element levels in the nails in patients with colorectal cancer: Consider to the effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy
Authors: Phuong Huynh Truc , Binh Dinh Thanh , Linh Nguyen Thi Truc , Loan Truong Thi Hong , Hanh Nguyen Van , Dung Ho Manh , Dong Nguyen Van , Anh Tran Tuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nails are considered as suitable biological materials for the diagnosis of diseases by measuring trace element levels. This study aimed to evaluate the role of trace elements in detecting the risk of colorectal cancer. Evaluating the effects of cancer treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy was also the aim of this study. The levels of trace elements in the nails of 104 patients with colorectal cancer and 112 healthy subjects were analyzed using the k0-standardization method of neutron activation analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences of the following elements, As, Fe, Hg, Sc, Se, and Zn between the control and the patient groups, while it was not the case for the elements Br, Co, and Cr. Furthermore, this study showed that there was no significant difference in the levels of the obtained trace elements in both colon and rectal cancer patient groups between untreated and treated subjects. We conclude that the levels of As, Hg, Fe, Se, and Zn in integrated samples of the fingernail and toenails may be used to evaluate the colorectal cancer risk, and they were not affected by chemotherapy or radiotherapy.