bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences of health literacy in first and second generation migrants: A systematic review
Authors: Chakraverty D , Baumeister A , Aldin A , Monsef I , Jakob T , Seven ÜS , Anapa G , Skoetz N , Woopen C , Kalbe E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Health literacy, defined as all skills and capabilities that enable a person to access, understand, appraise and apply health information, is a key factor regarding disease management, health outcomes, and health-decision-making. Internationally, migrants have been identified as a high-risk group for limited health literacy. However, it remains unclear if female and male migrants process health information differently. This systematic review aims to analyze gender differences in the health literacy of first and second generation migrants.

Methods
We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched OVID (MEDLINE), PsychInfo and CINAHL for original articles providing extractable data on the health literacy of male and/or female migrants. Two reviewers independently reviewed abstracts and full text articles for according to predefined inclusion criteria, including the use of a validated health literacy measurement tool, applying it to first and/or second generation adult migrants. We adapted a data extraction sheet from the Cochrane Collaboration for extracting relevant data. The included studies were evaluated against a standardized set of quality criteria.

Results
Our search yielded 3411 records. We included 48 studies, of which 37 were conducted in the USA and Canada, with 22 focusing Hispanic and Asian immigrants’ functional health literacy; the nine European studies examined a variety of work migrants and refugees using a comprehensive approach (e.g. measured by the HLS-EU-Q47). Thus, a strong heterogeneity in defining and measuring health literacy and in the populations examined can be stated. 15 studies exclusively examined the health literacy of women; none dealt with men only.

Conclusions
The heterogeneity in defining and measuring health literacy in migrants as well as the diversity of the populations studied make it difficult to compare international research in this area. There is a lack of research focusing male migrants.

Key messages
International research on health literacy with gender-specific data on migrants reveals a strong heterogeneity in defining and measuring health literacy. International research on health literacy with gender-specific data on migrants reveals a lack of studies regarding male migrants’ health literacy.
Episodes of violence suffered by migrants transiting Libya, Italy and France
Authors: Reques L , Rolland C , Aranda E , Grippon A , Fallet N , Bensimon C , Godard N , Reboul C , Gutton C , Luhmann N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The Central Mediterranean is one of the most dangerous migration routes from Africa. Violence perpetrated to migrants in Libya and host countries has been documented but not rigorously quantified. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of violence suffered in Libya, Italy and France by migrants consulting Médecins du Monde programs.

Methods
Monocentric cross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria: migrants over 18 years old, transiting through Libya, arrived in Europe from 2017 and consulting in Saint Denis Health Center. Exclusion criteria: psycotraumatic manifestations. A sample size of 72 individuals was calculated. An ad-hoc questionnaire was created through Kobo Collect. Proportion and frequency of physical, privation and sexual violence, as well as health care and shelter access were measured in each country.

Results
95 individuals were recruited and 72 were interviewed (16 refused 7 were excluded) from February to April 2019. 76.3% were men, mean age was 31.6 years, 76.4% had low educational level, 66.7% were from Ivory Coast and 58.3% left their country for security reasons. In Libya, length of stay was 180 days, global proportion of individuals suffering from violence (GPISV) was 98.1% for men and 88.2% for women. Prevalence of physical, privation and sexual violence was 94.1%, 84.3% and 17.6% for men, and 85.7%, 93.3% and 60.0% for women. Health care access in Libya was inexistent. In Italy, GPISV was 31.8% for men and 28.5% for women. Health care access was 41.4%. In France, GPISV was 20.0% for men and 12.5% for women and shelter access was 44.3%. 60.3% of the participants reported need of psychological support.

Conclusions
The vast majority of migrants testify suffering from direct violence during migration, specially dramatic in Libya. Women have a particular risk of sexual violence. In Europe, the main problems are the lack of health care access in Italy and precarious living conditions in France. Mental health support is urgent.

Key messages
The vast majority of migrants testify suffering from direct violence during migration, specially dramatic in Libya. In Europe, the main problems are related to lack of health care access in Italy and the precarious living conditions in France. Mental health support is urgent.
The impact of precarious employment on the health and wellbeing of immigrants: a systematic review
Authors: Muoka M , Lhussier M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Migration and precarious employment are social determinants associated with adverse health outcomes. In the United Kingdom, migration policy and labour market characteristics mean that migrants are often engaged in precarious work. We synthesise evidence on the experiences of migrants and explore the effects of precarious employment on their health and wellbeing.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed qualitative studies describing the experiences of United Kingdom migrants in precarious employment. Title and abstracts were screened, followed by full text screening using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on employment experiences and effects of working conditions on physical and mental health and perceived wellbeing were extracted. The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (2009) framework was used to conduct a narrative synthesis.

Results
Out of 1577 unique citations, 5 met our inclusion criteria. All included studies reported negative outcomes on physical and mental health. 2 reported positive or negative outcomes for perceived wellbeing depending on pre-migration experience. Musculoskeletal pain, exhaustion, anxiety and depression were commonly reported effects of precarious employment. Communication difficulties and over qualification were identified as migrant specific factors influencing health outcomes.

Conclusions
Stress response theories and risk factors associated with occupational injury explain how employment specific factors influence health. Extrinsic factors such as immigration policies, pre-migration experience, responsibilities in home country and acculturation mediate precarious employment effect on health.

Key messages
Migrants feel isolated in precarious employment and are vulnerable to negative mental and physical health impacts. Broader migration related policies impact on experiences of employment and health.
Syndromic infectious disease surveillance of refugees in Greece: a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Graef J , Omar M , Abbara A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
An estimated 1,174,140 refugees have migrated into Greece, a main entry point for refugees into Europe, since 2014. Their infectious disease profile is monitored by a national-level ad-hoc syndromic surveillance system in refugee-migrant reception centres. The utility of this system is explored to contribute evidence to and improve syndromic surveillance in European refugee responses.

Methods
Proportional morbidities, numbers of cases and signals, cases above expected numbers, of 14 syndromes are collated from weekly reports between 2016-2019, graphed and analysed in the context of the humanitarian response. Semi-structured key informant interviews are conducted and thematically analysed.

Results
Between 20.06.2016 and 17.02.2019, 36358 cases and 116 signals occurred. Public health responses resulted and there were no significant outbreaks. On average 5% of all consultations in centres were on infectious syndromes. Respiratory infections with fever (57%), gastroenteritis (22%), suspected scabies (13%) and rashes with fever (5%) were most commonly reported. Every week, between 68-100% of 25-58 participating centres completed reporting adequately. 6 informants reported on their syndromic system user experience. The system’s benefits, providing information and safeguarding refugees, outweighed harms. Data was timely and complete, but likely under-reported for common conditions. Poor living conditions and inter-agency coordination complicated reporting and public health responses.

Conclusions
Infectious burdens and trends were provided by the system and allowed for timely responses. Data quality was adequate. The system was valuable and feasible to informants. The set-up of the humanitarian response, inadequate ownership and poor coordination of authorities reduced the system’s utility.

Key messages
Syndromic surveillance is useful for monitoring refugee infectious health. Structural barriers need to be resolved to improve systems’ data and user experience.
Country Assessments: Identifying gaps in policy and practice to address equity in health for migrants
Authors: Nordström C , Ingleby D , Dias S , Magnus J , Kumar B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
The Joint Action on Health Equity in Europe (JAHEE) aims to address inequities in health across all groups. Work Package 7 Migration and Health (WP7) includes 13 partner countries and focuses on health inequities affecting the migrant population. The project started out by developing Policy Framework for Action (PFA), intended to form the basis for exploring opportunities for appropriate actions in the three-year implementation period of the action. The PFA formulated a ’road map’ encompassing six priorities identified in 22 ’soft policy’ documents that have been published by international /governmental organisations since 2007. It also discussed the state of the art in research on the causes of particular inequities undermining migrant health, as well as the measures that can be taken to tackle them.

Description of the problem
The main objective of the Country Assessments (CAs) is to identify the best opportunities (entry points) for developing country-specific actions. From this list, actions will be selected and implemented that are feasible within the constraints of JAHEE. The CAs will provide the information partners need in order to make informed choices. The assessments will indicate where the most serious inequities lie, what causes them, and what can be done about them. The CA Template was based on the PFA, reviewed by the Expert Group and then piloted in two countries (Norway and Italy) in March 2019. The 13 partners participating in WP7 are currently carrying out their assessments, which will be completed by July 2019.

Results
An overview of the main results of the CAs will be presented at the conference.

Lessons
Developing and piloting the Country Assessment Template has been participatory, with necessary revisions on the basis of experience. Completing these assessments for each participant is in itself is the first step towards action. Participants create an overview of available data, experiences and gaps in their countries.

Key messages
The Country Assessment Template is a tool that enables partners to take stock of the situation in their country. Analysis of data from the assessments will enable countries to make an appropriate choice of actions.
Digital marketing in healthcare
Authors: Grbic M , Stimac Grbic D , Stimac L , Sostar Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We live in a digital world when people rely more on smart devices and dedicate their time to searching information online. According to some research, 85% of users now compare and check reviews of products or services prior to their selection, and Google states that as many as 77% of patients search the Internet before they are make decision. That is why more and more health organizations recognize the need for online presence and the use of digital channels to attract new clients. The age group of 15-35 which trusts social media and easier forms of communication when it comes to important decisions. This gives healthcare professionals a platform to engage with such an interactive audience easily.
Benefits - Health organization can either easily promote a product or service to the target group, as it is possible to determine who you want to target for preventive campaigns and services. In the digital world, you can easily measure and optimize results and gain accurate data as much as the range of activities.
Reach, Engagement, CPC? Reach shows how many users have seen the posting, and what is higher, it is spreading more widely. Engagement is the interaction you achieve with your target group. How can you determine that you have paid off and that you have achieved your goal? One of the real indicators of many parameters is certainly the CPC (Cost per Click). In digital marketing, CPC is an advertising payment model according to which an advertiser pays each time a user clicks on a link.

Conclusions
The Healthcare industry remains behind other industries in the scope of digital marketing efforts. In 2017, only 50% of the survey respondents reported using a CRM system, while significantly more (65%) report using a CRM in 2018. Use of a marketing tool has doubled from last year’s survey, from 23% to 48%. Advanced or emerging digital activities, such as wearables or beacon technology, are still not being used much by healthcare organizations.

Key messages
Social networks empowers health clients. Majority people between the age group 18-24 (90%) trust information shared on social media.
Promoting healthy sustainable societies through a circular analytical dialogue method
Authors: Paillard-Borg S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The relationship between journalists and populations is complicated and the subject of “fake news” is one of these related issues. Despite the controversy, journalistic media are the ground to a well-informed society and as such journalists have the potential to be important actors in the pursuit of population health. At the same time, frustration against journalistic media has increased globally and vulnerable and so-called ’invisible’ groups feel neglected by the media.

Methods
The Circular Analytical Dialogue is an innovative method for examining the dialogue between journalists and citizens and investigating the role of journalism in promoting social cohesion, population health and democracy.

Results
The preliminary results of a pilot study in Japan on the topic of migration, using the Circular Analytical Dialogue, show that the dynamic between the participants and the journalists was valued by all parties as it allowed a profound and valuable dialogue. The journalist was most appreciative of the feedback of the participants as it opened alternative perspectives that were not considered beforehand.

Conclusions
The Circular Analytical Dialogue has the dual ambition to be a research as well as a journalistic tool and the knowledge generated with this method is intended to be used to strengthen understanding about the importance of journalism for healthy democratic societies.

Key messages
The Circular Analytical Dialogue method reinforces the importance of academic activism strongly related to sustainable societies. The Circular Analytical Dialogue method can potentially contribute to the empowerment of populations fundamental to population health.
The role of micro-insurance in the field of public health
Authors: Novakovic T , Jevtic M , Popović L j , Ćosić D j 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue/problem
It is recognized that is very important to have an instrument to mitigate risks and reduce the vulnerability of poor and low-income households, especially in disasters. Health risks are often identified by the poor people as the greatest and costliest risks they face. Millions of people worldwide fall into poverty as a result of excessive healthcare costs because the state doesn’t provide them health insurance. Health problems not only impact household budget, but also reduce the productivity and reduce the opportunity for growth. Therefore the reform of social systems poses a considerable challenge.

Description
In order to remedy the situation, global actors like World Health Organization (WHO, International Labour Organization (ILO), the World Bank (WB) advocate for a special category of insurance, health micro-insurance (HMI), as a medium term solution for health care financing, that tends to access equitable and quality health care. HMI was created to promote insurance coverage among economically vulnerable sections of society. It is one of the potential ways that might provides the protection of low-income people against specific perils in exchange for regular premium payment proportionate to the likelihood and cost of the risks involved.

Results
As a health care financing mechanism, HMI has a short history, but offers the following benefits: it can improve the access of certain vulnerable populations to healthcare, develop more suitable services, facilitate the participation of civil society and limit fraud, educate populations about social security.

Lessons
This instrument has not been conceptualized to compete or replace public social protection. Rather, it is most effective when embedded into a comprehensive social protection framework which includes informal, private and other risk management strategies of preventive measures, mitigation and suitable coping strategies.

Key messages
HMI can mitigate the risks of population and groups, ill health and provides hope that the poor will receive reliable and adequate access to affordable health care. HMI can be seen as a tool for better public health in vulnerable and poor communities.
Bridging the Atlantic Projects: nursing students learning to work globally with vulnerable groups
Authors: Brisbois M , Pereira H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Providing care for vulnerable groups requires the development of competencies such as openness to diversity, cultural sensitivity and equity. Health education institutions face the challenge of preparing students in developing these competencies in a global world. The Bridging the Atlantic program, a partnership between the University of the Azores (Portugal) and the University of Dartmouth (MA, US) in the field of Community Nursing, was created to respond to this need. Students from both universities work collaboratively to develop competencies in providing health care to vulnerable groups based on the IN-STEP (International Student Exchange Partnership) Framework.

Objectives
(i) to contribute to the improvement of the health status of vulnerable groups; (ii) to develop clinical competencies addressing vulnerable groups among nursing students.

Results
Between 2015 and 2019, 110 students were involved in health promotion projects carried out with aggregates of elderly immigrants, deportees, fishermen, children from low income schools. The benefits for the vulnerable groups were mainly related to raise awareness in the communities concerning the problems these groups face. Regarding the impact of the program on training, students reported they developed competencies on: (i) understanding cultural differences; (ii) recognizing different health care systems; (iii) reconsidering the role of the nurse; (iv) building teamwork; (v) integrating theory into practice; and, (vi) peer mutual learning.

Conclusions
Engaging in health promotion projects globally through collaborative efforts seemed to be effective for the improvement of health of vulnerable groups and student development.

Key messages
Universities need to deepen the development of competencies in students to intervene with vulnerable groups in a global world. Although designed for nursing students in a community context, this model can be used in similar ways by other fields of health or social intervention.
Scale-up integrated care for diabetes and hypertension in Cambodia, Slovenia and Belgium
Authors: Klipstein-Grobusch K , Poplas Susič T A , Por I , Wouters E , Makivič I , Te V , Martens M , Danhieux K , Remmen R , Van Olmen J ,   on behalf of the SCUBY consortium
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Many countries struggle to find the best way to treat hypertension (HT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a result, many patients receive suboptimal care, especially vulnerable groups in society. The SCale up Integrated Care for diaBetes and hYpertension (SCUBY) project addresses this important societal issue, by examining the scale-up of existing evidence-based interventions for the control of HT and/or T2D.
The study undertaken in countries with very different health systems, i.e. a developing health system in a low-middle income country - Cambodia; a former socialist high-income country with a centralised health system - Slovenia; and a Western European federal country with a decentralised system- Belgium, develops, implements and assesses roadmaps for the scale-up of an integrated chronic care package (ICP). The ICP consists of (a) identification of people with HT or T2D, (b) subsequent treatment in primary care services, (c) health education, (d) self-management support to patients and caregivers, and (e) collaboration between caregivers. Analysis of the organisational capacity to scale-up the ICP for T2D and HT and to assess contextual barriers and facilitators to do so, informs the development of the roadmaps. Implementation and evaluation of the 3 roadmaps, one per country, assesses the impact on health outcomes and quality of care through the scale-up of the ICP aimed to contribute to sustainable coverage of T2D and HT interventions for more people in each country.
The project is innovative because it compares different scale-up strategies for a contextualised common intervention package. It applies the conceptual insights from scale-up science to the field of non-communicable diseases and involves policy-makers, professionals and patients to ensure local relevance and impact. It will generate new knowledge on how to scale-up the ICP for T2D and HT in diverse contexts. The lessons on scale-up will benefit policy-makers in countries with similar contexts.

Key messages
Innovative strategies are needed to scale up integrated chronic care for non-communicable diseases. The SCUBY project develops, implements and assesses roadmaps for the scale-up of an integrated chronic care package for hypertension and diabetes.