bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Isavuconazonium Sulfate in Pediatrics Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation With Invasive Fungal Infections: A Real World Experience
Authors: Ross Justine A. , Karras Nicole A. , Tegtmeier Bernard , Yamada Chris , Chen Jason , Sun Weili , Pawlowska Anna , Rosenthal Joseph , Zaia John , Dadwal Sanjeet 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
Primary objective is to evaluate safety of isavuconazonium sulfate (ISA) in pediatrics below 18 years old. Exploratory endpoint includes mortality due to probable and proven invasive fungal infection (IFI) and overall morality in this population.

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective review of patients below 18 years receiving ISA for ≥7 days for possible, probable, or proven IFI or prophylaxis between June 2015 and March 2018. Descriptive analysis performed to calculate median, frequency, and percentages.

Results:
Safety analysis included 18 patients and a subgroup of 11/18 patients were assessed for efficacy. Median age 12.5 years (4 to 17 y), median weight 50.25 kg (19 to 118 kg), 50% male, 77% acute leukemias, 94% hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, 50% matched unrelated donors and 78% in remission. Elevated alanine aminotransferase 3 times baseline within 30 days of ISA occurred in 22% (4/18). No patients had elevated bilirubin or increase in serum creatinine. All-cause mortality at 90 days was 22% (4/18) and 27% (3/11) in patients with probable or proven IFI. Clinical response rates: 14-day: 45% (5/11) partial, 27% (3/11) stable; 30-day: 45% (5/11) partial, 36% (4/11) stable; 90-day: 54% (6/11) had either partial (n=3) or complete (n=3) response to ISA.

Conclusions:
ISA is safe in pediatric patients for the treatment of IFI. Prospective, randomized controlled trials are warranted to determine efficacy and safety of ISA in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies and hematopoietic cell transplant.
Fusuma Sliding Flap for Lip Reconstruction of Lower Lip Cancer
Authors: Miyazaki Ryo , Nagasao Tomohisa , Iwasaki Akinori , Tanaka Mao , Nakai Fumi , Miyake Minoru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lower lip cancer is typically treated with surgical excision, and this frequently results in a large defect and severe aesthetic problems. Local flap reconstruction is suitable for restoring appearance and function, and it causes less surgical stress than a vascularized free flap. The Fusuma sliding flap is a local flap technique introduced by Kasai et al in 2008. Here, the authors report their use of this method for lip reconstruction in a 94-year-old Japanese female after the removal of a cancerous mass.
Meta-Analysis of Spinal Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia During Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal Repair of Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab , Mobarak Shahd , Bhattacharya Pratik , Mobarak Dham , Satyadas Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate comparative outcomes of spinal anesthesia (SA) and general anesthesia (GA) during laparoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair of inguinal hernia.

Methods:
We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN Register, and bibliographic reference lists. We applied a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary search adapted to thesaurus headings, search operators and limits in each of the above databases. Postoperative pain assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), individual and overall perioperative morbidity, procedure time and time taken to normal activities, were the outcome parameters. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effects models.

Results:
We identified 5 comparative studies reporting a total of 1518 patients (2134 hernia) evaluating outcomes of laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair under SA (n=1277 patients, 1877 hernia) or GA (n=241 patients, 257 hernia). SA was associated with significantly lower post-operative pain assessed by VAS at 12 hours [mean difference (MD): −0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.45 to −0.20; P<0.0001] and shorter time to normal activities (MD: −0.30; 95% CI, −0.48 to −0.11; P=0.002) compared with GA. However, it significantly increased risk of urinary retention [odds ratio (OR): 4.02; 95% CI, 1.32-12.24; P=0.01], hypotension (OR: 3.97; 95% CI, 1.57-10.39; P=0.004), headache (OR: 7.65; 95% CI, 1.98-29.48, P=0.003), and procedure time (MD: 3.82; 95% CI, 1.22-6.42; P=0.004). There was no significant difference in VAS at 24 hours (MD: 0.06; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.17; P=0.34), seroma (OR: 1.54; 95% CI, 0.73-3.26; P=0.26), wound infection (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 0.45-2.37; P=0.94), and vomiting (OR: 0.84; 95% CI, 0.39-1.83; P=0.66) between the 2 groups. There was a nonsignificant decrease in overall morbidity in favor of GA (OR: 1.84; 95% CI, 0.77-4.40; P=0.17) which became significant following sensitivity analysis (OR: 2.59; 95% CI, 1.23-5.49; P=0.01).

Conclusions:
Although TEP inguinal hernia repair under SA may reduce pain in early postoperative period, it seems to be associated with increased postoperative morbidity and longer procedure time. It may be an appropriate anesthetic modality in selected patients who are considered high risk for GA. Higher level of evidence is needed.
Impact of Cystotomy Location on Cystography Results
Authors: Napoe Gnankang Sarah , Stewart Lauren E. , Myers Deborah L. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to determine if the location of a repaired bladder injury (trigone vs dome) impacts the probability of an abnormal cystography result in obstetric/gynecologic surgical patients undergoing repair of an unanticipated cystotomy.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of adult obstetric and gynecologic surgical patients who underwent cystographic evaluation of bladder integrity after repair of iatrogenic cystotomy at a single institution between January 2006 and July 2018. We excluded patients who had undergone repair of genitourinary fistula or urethral diverticulum. Patients were dichotomized into 2 groups based on the location of the repaired bladder injury: trigone versus dome. Fisher exact and Student t tests were used to determine the proportion of abnormal cystogram results and factors associated with an abnormal cystography result.

Results
Two hundred ten cases met the inclusion criteria: 176 in the dome group and 34 in the trigone group. When comparing the dome and trigone groups, respectively, mean age (45.2 ± 12.5 vs 48.4 ± 11.2 years) and cystotomy size (3.2 ± 3.2 vs 2.2 ± 2.4 cm) were comparable. Duration of postoperative bladder catheterization was longer in the trigone group (13.7 vs 12.1 days, P = 0.03). Despite the additional bladder drainage, there were more abnormal cystogram results in the trigone group versus the dome (8.8% vs 1.1%; odds ratio, 8.4).

Conclusions
A repaired cystotomy at the trigone is associated with increased odds of an abnormal cystography result. An abnormal cystography result after repair at the bladder dome is rare.
Prevalence of Screening High Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Urogynecology Patients
Authors: Myer Emily N.B. , Long Annelise , Cooper Conisha , Fashokun Tola , Abernethy Melinda , Chen Chi Chiung Grace 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
There is limited knowledge on the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among urogynecology patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of screening high risk of OSA (HR-OSA) in an ambulatory urogynecology clinic.

Methods
Women presenting for a new patient visit to a single outpatient urogynecology clinic for any indication were screened for eligibility. Patients were included if they were 18 years or older, English speaking, nonpregnant, and not using treatment for OSA. Participants completed the STOP-BANG questionnaire to screen for OSA and additional questionnaires to assess the presence and classification of nocturia and urinary incontinence.

Results
Among 130 participants, the prevalence of screening HR-OSA was 38.5%. Characteristics associated with screening HR-OSA included hypertension (P < 0.001), diabetes (P=0.003), untreated sleep apnea (P < 0.001), body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (P < 0.001), and age >50 years (P < 0.001). Participants who screened HR-OSA were more likely to have bothersome bladder symptoms of nocturia (P < 0.001), nocturnal enuresis (P < 0.001), higher urinary distress inventory scores (P < 0.001), and incontinence severity index scores (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, age >50 years (odds ratio [OR], 7.54), hypertension (OR, 4.04), body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (OR, 3.98), and nocturial enuresis (OR, 2.26) remained significantly associated with screening HR-OSA. Average time to complete the STOP-BANG was 1.2 minutes.

Conclusions
The prevalence of OSA among urogynecology patients is high, and screening is not time prohibitive. Patients who screen HR-OSA have more bothersome bladder symptoms. Providers should consider screening urogynecology patients for OSA, especially patients who are 50 years or older, are obese, and have nocturnal enuresis.
Small Fiber Polyneuropathy in Hunner Lesion and Non-Hunner Lesion Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome
Authors: Han Esther , Killinger Kim A. , Turner Katherine M. , Gilleran Jason , Tenney Danielle , Peters Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2020

Objective
This study aimed to determine whether small fiber polyneuropathy (SFPN) diagnosis differs between Hunner lesion interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HL IC/BPS) and non-Hunner lesion IC/BPS (NHL IC/BPS).

Methods
This was a pilot study of 20 women with IC/BPS. Results from baseline questionnaires, such as Genitourinary Pain Index, Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index/Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICSI/ICPI), Patient Health Questionnaire-2, were collected.
Two punch biopsies were performed on each patient: distal leg and thigh. The samples were evaluated for intraepidermal nerve fiber density. One intraepidermal nerve fiber density less than the fifth percentile, regardless of site, indicated a positive SPFN diagnosis.

Results
Twenty patients were enrolled; 10 HL IC/BPS and 10 NHL IC/BPS. The HL IC/BPS group was found to be significantly older than the NHL IC/BPS group (63 vs 48 years, P = 0.007). No significant differences were found in employment or relationship statuses, or in levels of education or comorbidities between the 2 groups.
Sixty percent (6/10) of patients had SFPN in the NHL IC/BPS group compared with 40% (4/10) in the HL IC/BPS group. No significant differences were seen in SFPN positivity (P = 0.3) or Genitourinary Pain Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, or Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index/Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index scores between the NHL and HL IC/BPS groups.

Conclusions
Similar to previously published studies, 60% of NHL IC/BPS patients in this cohort were positive for SFPN compared with only 40% of the HL IC/BPS patients. Larger studies may be needed to realize the full impact of SFPN in IC/BPS.
Relationship of Body Composition and Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study
Authors: Ferreira Roseny , Sacramento Joselita , Brasil Cristina , Dias Cristiane , Plácido Clarcson , Oliveira Carina , Feitosa Alina , Januário Priscila , Fichera Michele , Lordelo Patricia 
Published: March 2020

Objective
To describe the profile of segmental body composition through the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method in continent and incontinent women and analyze the association between overweight/obesity and urinary incontinence (UI).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional case-control study that included women aged between 20 and 65 years, who were not pregnant, were outside of their menstrual period, without neurological, psychiatric, orthopedic, or cardiac comorbidities. The presence of UI was verified using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Short Form. Segmental body composition was assessed with BIA. The independent Student t test was used to compare body composition means between groups, and multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association between body composition and UI.

Results
The study included 62 women with a mean age of 34.4 ± 11.6 years, of whom 27 (43.5%) had UI. Of these, 15 (55.6%) were nulliparous and had a body mass index of 25.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2, similar to that of continent women, who had a body mass index of 23.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2 (P=0.16). The sociodemographic and obstetric data were similar among continent and incontinent women. With respect to the parameters of segmental body fat, visceral fat, and waist circumference, incontinent women presented higher values than the continent group. In the final multivariate analysis model, women with high levels of visceral fat had a 1.13-times higher likelihood of presenting UI.

Conclusions
In adult women, there is an association between the level of visceral fat assessed by BIA and complaints of urinary loss, being more evident in overweight and obese women.
Cyclosporin A Administration During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Preserves Lung Grafts in Rat Transplant Model
Authors: Haam Seokjin , Noda Kentaro , Philips Brian J. , Harano Takashi , Sanchez Pablo G. , Shigemura Norihisa 
Published: March 2020

Background.
Despite the benefits of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) such as lung reconditioning, preservation, and evaluation before transplantation, deleterious effects, including activation of proinflammatory cascades and alteration of metabolic profiles have been reported. Although patient outcomes have been favorable, further studies addressing optimal conditions are warranted. In this study, we investigated the role of the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A (CyA) in preserving mitochondrial function and subsequently preventing proinflammatory changes in lung grafts during EVLP.

Methods.
Using rat heart-lung blocks after 1-hour cold preservation, an acellular normothermic EVLP system was established for 4 hours. CyA was added into perfusate at a final concentration of 1 μM. The evaluation included lung graft function, lung compliance, and pulmonary vascular resistance as well as biochemical marker measurement in the perfusate at multiple time points. After EVLP, single orthotopic lung transplantation was performed, and the grafts were assessed 2 hours after reperfusion.

Results.
Lung grafts on EVLP with CyA exhibited significantly better functional and physiological parameters as compared with those without CyA treatment. CyA administration attenuated proinflammatory changes and prohibited glucose consumption during EVLP through mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in lung grafts. CyA-preconditioned lungs showed better posttransplant lung early graft function and less inflammatory events compared with control.

Conclusions.
During EVLP, CyA administration can have a preconditioning effect through both its anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective properties, leading to improved lung graft preservation, which may result in enhanced graft quality after transplantation.
Laser-Evoked Potentials to Pudendal Stimulation in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Frasson Emma , Tozzi Maria Chiara , Bordignon Monia , Motti Luisa , Ferrari Francesca , Torre Gabriella , Graziottin Alessandra , Monaco Salvatore , Bertolasi Laura 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
Laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) are useful neurophysiological tools for investigating the A-delta sensory peripheral fibers and the central nociceptive pathway. The current investigation aims to obtain normative values of LEPs via pudendal nerve stimulation in healthy adult volunteers.

Methods:
Laser-evoked potentials were recorded in 16 men and 22 women, 22 to 75 years of age, using neodymium and yttrium and aluminum and perovskite laser bilateral stimulation to the pudendal nerve-supplied skin and the dorsal surface of the hands and feet. We assessed the perceptive threshold, latency, and amplitude of the N1 component and main vertex N2-P2 complex. The relationship between gender, age, height, and site of stimulation was statistically analyzed.

Results:
Both in men and in women, laser perceptive threshold increased from genitalia to foot and from hand to foot (P ≤ 0.001). N1 and N2-P2 latencies progressively increased from pudendal area to hand to foot (P ≤ 0.008). N1 and N2-P2 complex LEP amplitudes progressively decreased from hand to genitalia to foot (P ≤ 0.04). The latencies of N1 component and N2-P2 complex of LEPs correlated with body height, whereas the amplitude of the N2-P2 complex correlated negatively with age; no correlations were observed between the latencies and amplitudes with gender.

Conclusions:
This study provides normative data on pudendal LEPs versus hand and foot LEPs. Incorporation of pudendal LEPs into clinical practice could provide a valuable neurophysiological tool for the study of pelvic pain syndromes.
FKBP51 levels negatively correlate with Depressive symptoms in Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Pham Anh Duy , Wong Darren , Yeoh Sern Wei , Lewis Diana , Lee Ting Ting , Mostaid Md Shaki , Chana Gursharan , Bousman Chad , Holmes Alex , Saling Michael M , Liew Danny , Gorelik Alexandra , Everall Ian , Sood Siddharth , Nicoll Amanda J 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsPatients with chronic hepatitis C infection have high rates of major depressive disorder. The reasons for this are multifactorial, but social and demographic factors do not entirely explain the increased burden. Direct neuropathologic effect of the virus in the development of depression has been postulated but the mechanisms remain unclear. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5 (protein product FKBP51), a co-chaperone of the glucocorticosteroid receptor, have been associated with greater severity of affective disorders. We examined the interaction between FKBP5 SNPs and chronic hepatitis C infection in patients with and without depressive symptoms.Methodsforty-one subjects completed quality of life and psychiatric questionnaires. Thirteen patients were classified as depressed on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression sub-score (HADS-D ≥11). FKBP51 protein expression, FKBP5 mRNA and FKBP5 SNP analysis was compared between those with and without depression.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups in demographics, medical co-morbidities or substance use. A moderate negative correlation (Spearman rho -0.53, p<0.001) was found between HADS-D sub-score and FKBP51 protein levels in serum. Correspondingly, the average expression fold change in peripheral blood FKBP5 mRNA relative to a reference gene was lower in the depressed group at 0.76 compared to controls at 1.40. There was no differential expression of FKBP5 SNPs between the groups.ConclusionLevels of FKBP5 mRNA and FKBP51 are lower in hepatitis C patients with depression and further exploration of this interaction is required.
scRNA-seq reveals ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in TROP2+Liver Progenitor Cells: Implications in COVID-19 associated Liver Dysfunction
Authors: Wen Seow Justine Jia , Pai Rhea , Mishra Archita , Shepherdson Edwin , Hon Lim Tony Kiat , Goh Brian KP , Chan Jerry KY , Chow Pierce KH , Ginhoux Florent , DasGupta Ramanuj , Sharma Ankur 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 was first reported in China (December 2019) and now prevalent in ∼170 countries across the globe. Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into mammalian cells require the binding of viral Spike (S) proteins to the ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) receptor. Once entered the S protein is primed by a specialised serine protease, TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane Serine Protease 2) in the host cell. Importantly, beside respiratory symptoms, consistent with other common respiratory virus infection when patients become viraemic, a significant number of COVID-19 patients also develop liver comorbidities. We explored if specific target cell-type in the mammalian liver, could be implicated in disease pathophysiology other than the general deleterious response to cytokine storms. Here we employed single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to survey the human liver and identified potentially implicated liver cell-type for viral ingress. We report the co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in a TROP2+liver progenitor population. Importantly, we fail to detect the expression of ACE2 in hepatocyte or any other liver (immune and stromal) cell types. These results indicated that in COVID-19 associated liver dysfunction and cell death, viral infection of TROP2+progenitors in liver may significantly impaired liver regeneration and could lead to pathology.Highlights- EPCAM+Liver progenitors co-express ACE2 and TMPRSS2- ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression is highest in TROP2highprogenitors- ACE2 and TMPRSS2 cells express cholangiocyte biased fate markers- ACE2 and TMPRSS2 positive cells are absent in human fetal liver
Genetic variation in the social environment affects behavioral phenotypes of oxytocin receptor mutants in zebrafish
Authors: Ribeiro D. , Nunes A.R. , Teles M.C. , Anbalagan S. , Blechman J. , Levkowitz G. , Oliveira R.F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxytocin-like peptides have been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of social behaviors across taxa. On the other hand, the social environment, which is composed of conspecifics genotypes, is also known to influence the development of social behavior, creating the possibility for indirect genetic effects. Here we used a knockout line for the oxytocin receptor in zebrafish to investigate how the genotypic composition of the social environment (Es) interacts with the oxytocin genotype (G) of the focal individual in the regulation of its social behavior. For this purpose, we have raised wild-type or knock-out zebrafish in either wild-type or knock-out shoals and tested different components of social behavior in adults. GxEseffects were detected in some behaviors, highlighting the need to control for GxEseffects when interpreting results of experiments using genetically modified animals, since the social environment can either rescue or promote phenotypes associated with specific genes.
Neural Sensitivity to Natural Image Statistics Changes during Middle Childhood
Authors: Balas Benjamin , Saville Alyson 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNatural images have lawful statistical properties that the adult visual system is sensitive to, both in terms of behavior and neural responses to natural images. The developmental trajectory of sensitivity to natural image statistics remains unclear, however. In behavioral tasks, children appear to slowly acquire adult-like sensitivity to natural image statistics during middle childhood (Ellemberg et al., 2012), but in other tasks, infants exhibit some sensitivity to deviations of natural image structure (Balas & Woods, 2014). Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine how sensitivity to natural image statistics changes during childhood at distinct stages of visual processing (the P1 and N1 components). We asked children (5-10 years old) and adults to view natural texture images with either positive/negative contrast, and natural/synthetic texture appearance (Portilla & Simoncelli, 2000) to compare electrophysiological responses to images that did or did not violate natural statistics. We hypothesized that children may only acquire sensitivity to these deviations from natural texture appearance late in middle childhood. Counter to this hypothesis, we observed significant responses to unnatural contrast and texture statistics at the N1 in all age groups. At the P1, however, only young children exhibited sensitivity to contrast polarity. The latter effect suggests greater sensitivity earlier in development to some violations of natural image statistics. We discuss these results in terms of changing patterns of invariant texture processing during middle childhood and ongoing refinement of the representations supporting natural image perception.