bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CpG-mediated TLR9 signalling enhances the efficacy of the OprF/PcrV DNA vaccine with cGAS-STING-activating properties
Authors: Tian Linxia , He Hongxi , Liu Hanbai , Zhang Yating , Yu Xian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection poses a major global threat to health care. DNA vaccines, which induce humoral and cellular immunity, are promising for preventing and treating PA infection. However, the low immunogenicity of DNA vaccines has limited its clinical application. Therefore, this study seeks to explore whether the OprF/PcrV DNA vaccine can activate the cGAS-STING pathway and boost the immunogenicity of the OprF/PcrV DNA vaccine by combining a CpG adjuvant which presumably activates the TLR9 pathway.
Results
We found that the DNA-OprF/PcrV + CpG could activate the cGAS-STING and TLR9 pathways, activate innate immune responses, and stimulate BMDC maturation. In addition, in vivo data revealed that the vaccine could induce strong antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and protect mice with pneumonia from PAO1 infection by reducing the bacterial burden in the lungs and reducing lung inflammation. Finally, the DNA-OprF/PcrV + CpG vaccine showed reliable biosafety.
Conclusion
This study conclusively demonstrated that the DNA-OprF/PcrV vaccine, when combined with CpG, effectively stimulated the innate immune response through the cGAS-STING and TLR9 pathways, subsequently enhancing the adaptive immune response. This synergistic combination not only triggers robust humoral immunity but also enhances cellular immune responses, indicating that the DNA-OprF/PcrV + CpG vaccine may serve as a promising option against PA infection both intracellularly and extracellularly.
Nutrient intake and digestibility of west african dwarf rams fed basal diet supplemented with graded energy levels of concentrate mix
Authors: Jinadu Kabiru Babatunde , Adekanbi Oyefunke Abidemi , Abdulsalam Sherifdeen , Akingbade Olayide Aderemi , Abdulkabir Anif Olalekan , Osinubi Aanuoluwapo Adeleke , Akinwande Amos Adedayo , Adeniji Ezekiel Adetayo 
Published: December 2024

The study investigated the effect of graded energy levels of concentrate mix on nutrient intake and digestibility of West African Dwarf rams fed basal diet (Pennisetum purpurem). A total number of twenty-five (25) West African Dwarf rams were used in a completely randomized design. The concentrate formulated at 2,600 kcal/kg, 2,400 kcal/kg, 2,200 kcal/kg, 2,000 kcal/kg and 1,800 kcal/kg energy levels as treatments 1–5 respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, rams were allotted into metabolic cages for separate feeding, collection of feces and urine. The faecal samples collected were bulked and 10 % aliquot was taken for chemical analysis. Results showed that the dry matter intake was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the dietary energy intake which ranged from 314.6 to 326.6 g/day. Rams fed with 2600 kcal/kg recorded the highest dry matter intake, while rams on 2200kcal/kg observed with lowest dry matter intake (314.6 g/day). The crude protein intake was not significantly (p>0.05) affected by different energy intake. There were significant differences in Ether Extract intake as (13.51‒13.80 g/day), Ash intake as (25.73‒36.11 g/day), and Nitrogen Free Extracts as (67.28‒72.04 g/day). The fiber fractions were significantly (p<0.05) affected by different energy intake. Significant differences (p<0.05) were obtained for dry matter digestibility (72.69‒81.21 %), crude protein digestibility (59.41‒67.59 %), Nitrogen Free Extract digestibility (55.64‒63.52 %). It was therefore concluded that basal diet (Pennisetum purpurem) for West African Dwarf rams could be supplemented with 2,600 kcal/kg energy level of concentrate mix for better feed utilization and improved productivity
An optimisation of the adsorption method for faujasite zeolite-X synthesised from coal fly ash utilising RSM coupled with central composite design approach
Authors: Tirva Divya Omprakash , Sur Dharmesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of faujasite zeolite-X, which was produced from coal fly ash, in the removal of methylene blue dye. The zeolite was synthesised using hydrothermal treatment, and its properties were analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Response surface methodology was utilised, employing a central composite design (CCD), to optimise the adsorption parameters. The study examined the impact of four primary variables – initial dye concentration, zeolite-X dose, reaction time, and temperature – on the elimination of dye. An analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the parameters and regression coefficients. The experimental data exhibited a high degree of agreement with the model predictions, as shown by an R2 value of 0.997. The maximum effectiveness of dye removal was achieved at 99.23% under the following ideal conditions: an initial dye concentration of 125 mg/L, a zeolite dose of 2.5 g/L, a temperature of 55 °C, and an adsorption period of 40 min. The results validate the strong effectiveness of faujasite zeolite-X in removing dye from wastewater, as demonstrated by the Langmuir isotherm study (R2= 0.99).
Comprehensive Insights into Cephalosporins: Spectrum, Generations, and Clinical Applications
Authors: Nayeem Afreen , S Ankul Singh , Vellapandian Chitra , Singh Srishti , Elossaily Gehan M , Prajapati Bhupendra G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Cephalosporins, a widely utilized class of antibiotics in clinical settings for bacterial infections,
are the focus of this critical analysis. This examination aims to provide a comprehensive
description, encompassing their range, generational distinctions, and therapeutic applications. Renowned
for their versatility against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, cephalosporins
have evolved over generations, enhancing efficacy and addressing resistance patterns. Each generation
possesses unique characteristics crucial for clinical utility. Primarily targeting Gram-positive
cocci, first-generation cephalosporins exhibit a broadened spectrum in subsequent generations, encompassing
Gram-negative species. Advancements in penetration into tissues and resistance against
beta-lactamases contribute to increased effectiveness as generations progress. Clinically, cephalosporins
find application across diverse medical disciplines, from intricate hospital environments to
community-acquired illnesses. A comprehensive understanding of each generation's distinct features
empowers clinicians to tailor treatment regimens, optimizing therapeutic outcomes and mitigating
resistance risks. This meticulous examination consolidates the latest available information on cephalosporins,
serving as an invaluable resource for medical professionals involved in antibiotic prescription
and infection management. A profound understanding of cephalosporin characteristics and generations
proves indispensable in navigating the dynamic landscape of bacterial resistance, ultimately
enhancing patient care.
Avaliação da aerocinetose em cadetes da Aeronáutica brasileira
Authors: Voltolini Márcia Maria de Freitas Dias 
Published: December 2024

The objective of this research was to investigate the prevalence of motion sickness among aviation students of the Brazilian Air Force in Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, their search for medical treatment and the influence of symptoms on their performance. To this end, a cross-sectional prevalence study was conducted, based on a questionnaire created by the researcher. Then, the data were tabulated and analyzed confidentially. The number of cadets evaluated was 105. Their average age was 20 years, and the majority were male (97%). The small number of women does not allow inferring a comparison between the sexes. The number of individuals diagnosed with motion sickness was 46 (43.8%), while in international studies it ranges from 10% to 39%. Stunts were the most provocative maneuvers, cited by 28 of the 46 cadets. Of the 46 cadets affected, 45.6 (n=21) denied interference of symptoms in performance, 26.1% (n=12) reported that their performance was affected in one mission, 13% (n=6) in two missions, 4.4% (n=2) in three missions, 8.7% (n=4) in four or more missions and 2.2% (n=1) in all missions, corroborating previous studies of decreased performance caused by motion sickness. Of the cadets with symptoms of motion sickness, 58.7% (n=27) sought medical assistance after the crisis, but only 30.4% (n=14) underwent some type of treatment. Thus, a prevalence of motion sickness among Brazilian cadets was slightly higher than that found in international studies.
Use of Beneficial Microorganisms and Acids to Stimulate Plant Development and Control Pests and Diseases in Bean Crops
Authors: Reis Gabriel Araújo , Almeida Júnior Joaquim Júlio de , Smiljanic Katya Bonfim Ataides , Matos Francisco Solano Araújo , Melo Junior Jair Pereira de , Miranda Beatriz Campos , Silva Victor Júlio Almeida , Silva Luis Filipe Almeida , Oliveira Danilo Marques , Garcia Emília da Costa 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate whether or not it is possible to further increase plant strength and productivity through the use of biological products, in order to determine the effectiveness of these products in agricultural terms and thus validate the use of new technological substitutes.

Theoretical Framework: Corn is among the most important food and energy crops, not only in Brazil, but worldwide. The new agricultural management paradigm extends to amino acids, micronutrients, and beneficial fungi and bacteria, increasing the need to develop sustainable but more productive agriculture. Such practices include not only soil correction, but also soil nutrition, together with the stimulation of plant metabolism to increase production efficiency and reduce dependence on chemical inputs.

Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a scientific field study with a quantitative approach.

Results and Discussion: We can conclude that applications made at different times with the use of beneficial microorganisms and acids, as a stimulus to plant development, provided significant productivity gains for the bean crop compared to the absolute control.

Research Implications: The practical implications of this research are discussed, providing practical parameters on how the results can be applied in the field with returns to the rural producer.

Originality/Value: This study adds to the academic environment in terms of uniqueness of research, through innovative approaches, new methodologies and practical application. The adequacy and value are evidenced by the need for more research on such sustainable practices.
Формирование лингвистической культуры в процессе преподавания студентам высших учебных заведений лексических дисциплин
Authors: Багмат О.Н. 
Published: December 2024

Лингвистическая культура позволяет человеку общаться и понимать не только само значение слов, но также и определить возможности по формированию среды, в которой происходит развитие понимания лексики. Необходимо не только развивать понимание культуры иноязычного государства в процессе пребывания в нем, но также и обучать подобной культуре при изучении самого языка. Необходимость сочетания подобных компонентов и определяет актуальность проводимого исследования. Новизна работы заключается в том, чтобы точно определить насколько реально интегрировать процесс изучения самого языка и непосредственно культуры, которая должна учитываться при выборе языка. Авторы в статье определяют возможность подобной интеграции на основе комплексного сочетания процессов подготовки студентов как будущих специалистов. В частности, авторы рекомендуют использовать методы интерактивного взаимодействия между носителем лингвистической культуры и человеком, который данный язык выбирает как рабочий. Подобная практика авторами трактуется как получение профессиональной лингвистической культуры. Практическое применение полученных данных определяется тем, что формируется целостная система структурного взаимодействия между системами практической ориентированной подготовки и возможностями по формированию лингвистической культуры родного языка при межкультурном обмене.
Linguistic culture enables a person to communicate and understand not only the meaning of words themselves but also to determine the possibilities for forming an environment in which the understanding of vocabulary develops. It is necessary not only to develop an understanding of the culture of a foreign state during one's stay in it but also to teach this culture when studying the language itself. The need to combine such components determines the relevance of the conducted research. The novelty of the work lies in precisely defining how realistic it is to integrate the process of studying the language itself and directly the culture, which should be considered when choosing a language. The authors in the article determine the possibility of such integration based on a comprehensive combination of processes for preparing students as future specialists. In particular, the authors recommend using methods of interactive interaction between the carrier of the linguistic culture and the person who chooses this language as a working one. Such practice is interpreted by the authors as obtaining professional linguistic culture. The practical application of the obtained data is determined by the fact that a holistic system of structural interaction between systems of practical-oriented training and the possibilities for forming the linguistic culture of the native language in intercultural exchange is formed.
Формирование читательского интереса младших школьников
Authors: Мамедова Л.В. 
Published: December 2024

Чтение является одним из основных инструментов знакомства с художественной и научно- популярной литературой для детей начального школьного возраста. Чтение – важный способ обогащения знаний и развития творческих способностей, изобретательности, моральных качеств и эстетического чутья ребенка. Это внедряет литературный язык в память учащихся, расширяет словарный запас ребенка, а также помогает познавать себя и мир, в котором он живет. В этой статье мы описываем эксперимент, который провели в три этапа, на первом этапе мы провели диагностические методики, направленные на выявление уровня сформированности читательского интереса у учеников 4 «В» класса в МОБУ СОШ № 3, г. Якутск: «Интерес к чтению» В. Е. Кошкарова; диагностика «Знаешь» С.В. Казаринова; диагностика «Какой ты читатель?» Н.Г. Малаховой. После анализа полученных результатов стало известно, что ученикам необходима дополнительная работа по формированию читательского интереса. На втором этапе мы разработали и апробировали педагогическую программу факультативного курса «Люби читать», которая включает наиболее эффективные на наш взгляд методы и приемы. После окончания всех занятий мы приступили к третьему этапу, на нем мы провели контрольную диагностику используя те же методы, которые были на первом этапе. Полученные результаты были обработаны и проверены на достоверность с помощью Т-критерия Вилкоксона.
Reading is one of the main tools for acquaintance with fiction and popular science literature for children of primary school age. Reading is an important way to enrich knowledge and develop a child's creativity, ingenuity, moral qualities and aesthetic flair. This introduces the literary language into the memory of students, expands the child's vocabulary, and also helps to learn about himself and the world in which he lives. In this article, we describe an experiment that was conducted in three stages, at the first stage we conducted diagnostic techniques aimed at identifying the level of formation of reader's interest among students of the 4th grade in MOBU Secondary School No. 3, Yakutsk: «Interest in reading» by V. E. Koshkarova; diagnosis «You know» S. V. Kazarinova; diagnostics «What kind of reader are you?» by N.G. Malakhov. After analyzing the results, it became known that the students needed additional work to generate reader interest. At the second stage, we developed and tested the pedagogical program of the optional course «Love to read», which includes the most effective methods and techniques in our opinion. After finishing all the classes, we started the third stage, where we carried out a control diagnosis using the same methods that were used in the first stage. The obtained results were processed and verified for validity using the Wilcoxon T-test.
Процесс формирования навыков межкультурной компетенции у будущих преподавателей иностранного языка
Authors: Заика Д.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается процесс влияния усвоения навыков межкультурной компетенции на профессиональный образ будущего преподавателя иностранного языка. В работу включен теоретический анализ понятия "межкультурная компетенция", а также раскрыты его языковая, коммуникативная и культурная составляющие. Сформулированы определяющие задачи межкультурной компетенции в контексте профессиональной подготовки специалистов в области преподавания иностранного языка. Данная статья также исследует направления формирования межкультурной компетенции у будущих преподавателей иностранного языка. Представлены основополагающие пути развития межкультурной компетенции от постижения социокультурных реалий изучаемого языка до формирования личностных поведенческих моделей. В заключение подчеркивается, что получение навыков межкультурной компетенции является неотъемлемой частью подготовки преподавателей иностранного языка. Понимание и усвоение сущностных характеристик и направлений развития межкультурной компетенции позволяют преподавателям создавать благоприятную и продуктивную образовательную среду для обучающихся с целью успешного взаимодействия с ними в межкультурном контексте.
The article examines the process of the influence of the acquisition of intercultural competence skills on the professional image of a future foreign language teacher. The work includes a theoretical analysis of the concept of «intercultural competence», as well as its linguistic, communicative and cultural components. The defining tasks of intercultural competence in the context of professional training of specialists in the field of teaching a foreign language are formulated. This article also explores the directions of the formation of intercultural competence among future teachers of a foreign language. The fundamental ways of developing intercultural competence from comprehension of the socio-cultural realities of the studied language to the formation of personal behavioral models are presented. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the acquisition of intercultural competence skills is an integral part of the training of foreign language teachers. Understanding and assimilation of the essential characteristics and directions of development of intercultural competence allow teachers to create a favorable and productive educational environment for students in order to successfully interact with them in an intercultural context.
К вопросу об обеспечении правосудием и о судебной защите прав и свобод человека в современной России
Authors: Гришина Е.П. , Шеяфетдинова Н.А. , Соловьев А.А. , Розанова Е.В. , Ширяева С.В. , Гостев С.С. 
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена анализу концептуальных, методологических и юридических аспектов обеспечения прав и свобод человека правосудием и их судебной защиты. Подчеркивается особая роль международных нормативных актов, Конституции РФ, законов и иных нормативных правовых актов, регламентирующих функционирование структурных элементов государственного механизма защиты прав и свобод человека, без которых невозможно достойное существование и развитие социума в целом. Отдельное внимание уделено роли Конституционного Суда РФ, который, решая исключительно вопросы права, воздерживаясь от установления и исследования фактических обстоятельств во всех случаях, когда это входит в компетенцию других судов или иных органов, способствует формированию в российском государстве единого и согласованного механизма защиты прав и свобод граждан. Также сделан акцент на модернизации деятельности судов посредством применения современных технологий как одного из компонентов обеспечения доступа к правосудию и создания условий для своевременной и беспрепятственной реализации прав граждан; подчеркнута значимость оказания бесплатной юридической помощи в правозащитной деятельности.
The article is devoted to the analysis of conceptual, methodological and legal aspects of ensuring human rights and freedoms by justice and their judicial protection. The special role of international normative acts, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, laws and other normative legal acts regulating the functioning of the structural elements of the state mechanism for the protection of human rights and freedoms, without which a decent existence and development of society as a whole is impossible, is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which, solving exclusively legal issues, refraining from establishing and investigating factual circumstances in all cases when it falls within the competence of other courts or other bodies, contributes to the formation of a unified and coordinated mechanism for the protection of citizens' rights and freedoms in the Russian state. The emphasis is also placed on the modernization of the activities of the courts through the use of modern technologies as one of the components of ensuring access to legal.
Социальные и материальные гарантии прав мобилизованных граждан: вопросы разграничения и правового регулирования.
Authors: Ваймер Е.В. , Канищева А.А. 
Published: December 2024

Авторы на основе теоретических разработок ученых проводят анализ федеральных и региональных нормативных правовых актов с целью определения и разграничения социальных и материальных гарантий, предоставленных гражданам, призванным на военную службу в рамках частичной мобилизации в 2022 году. Выявляются некоторые спорные вопросы предоставления материальных и социальных гарантий мобилизованным гражданам, предлагаются меры по их разрешению. Делается вывод о необходимости проведения правового мониторинга с целью формирования эффективной, целостной и сбалансированной системы гарантирования прав мобилизованных при учете интересов всех субъектов в период проведения военных действий и в последующем.
The authors, based on the theoretical developments of scientists, analyze federal and regional regulatory legal acts in order to determine and distinguish between social and material guarantees provided to citizens called up for military service as part of partial mobilization in 2022. Some controversial issues of providing material and social guarantees to mobilized citizens are identified, and measures are proposed to resolve them. It is concluded that it is necessary to conduct legal monitoring in order to form an effective, holistic and balanced system of guaranteeing the rights of the mobilized, taking into account the interests of all subjects during the period of military operations and in the future.