bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional differences in tobacco smoking and lung cancer in Portugal in 2018: a population-based analysis using nationwide incidence and mortality data
Authors: Forjaz Gonçalo , Bastos Joana , Castro Clara , Mayer Alexandra , Noone Anne-Michelle , Chen Huann-Sheng , Mariotto Angela B 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the proportion of lung cancer cases and deaths attributable to tobacco smoking in Portugal in 2018, complemented by trends in incidence and mortality, by sex and region.DesignCancer cases for 1998–2011 and cancer deaths for 1991–2018 were obtained from population-based registries and Statistics Portugal, respectively. We projected cases for 2018 and used reported deaths for the same year to estimate, using Peto’s method, the number and proportion of lung cancer cases and deaths caused by tobacco smoking in 2018. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates in each year of diagnosis and death. We fitted a joinpoint regression to the observed data to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) in the rates.SettingPortugal.ResultsIn 2018, an estimated 3859 cases and 3192 deaths from lung cancer were attributable to tobacco smoking in Portugal, with men presenting a population attributable fraction (PAF) of 82.6% (n=3064) for incidence and 84.1% (n=2749) for mortality, while in women those values were 51.0% (n=795) and 42.7% (n=443), respectively. In both sexes and metrics, the Azores were the region with the highest PAF and the Centre with the lowest. During 1998–2011, the APC for incidence ranged from 0.6% to 3.0% in men and 3.6% to 7.9% in women, depending on region, with mortality presenting a similar pattern between sexes.ConclusionExposure to tobacco smoking has accounted for most of the lung cancer cases and deaths estimated in Portugal in 2018. Differential patterns of tobacco consumption across the country, varying implementation of primary prevention programmes and differences in personal cancer awareness may have contributed to the disparities observed. Primary prevention of lung cancer remains a public health priority, particularly among women.
Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study: cohort profile
Authors: Do Loc G , Ha Diep H , Bell Lucinda K , Devenish Gemma , Golley Rebecca K , Leary Sam D. , Manton David J. , Thomson W. Murray , Scott Jane A , Spencer A. John 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe long-term goal of the Study of Mothers’ and Infants’ Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE) birth cohort study is to identify and evaluate the relative importance and timing of critical factors that shape the oral health of young children. It will then evaluate those factors in their inter-relationship with socioeconomic influences.ParticipantsSMILE is a single-centre study conducted in Adelaide, Australia. All newborns at the main three public hospitals between July 2013 and August 2014 were eligible for inclusion. The final recruited sample at birth was 2181 mother/infant dyads. Participants were followed up with questionnaires when the child was 3 and 6 months of age, and 1, 2 and 5 years of age. Oral epidemiological examinations and anthropometric assessments were conducted at age 2 and 5 years.Findings to dateSMILE has contributed comprehensive data on dietary patterns of young children. Intakes of free sugars, core and discretionary foods and drinks have been detailed. There was a sharp increase in free sugars intake with age. Determinants of dietary patterns, oral health status and body weight during the first 5 years of life have been evaluated. Socioeconomic characteristics such as maternal education and household income and area-level socioeconomic profile influenced dietary patterns and oral health behaviours and status.Future planFunding has been obtained to conduct oral epidemiological examinations and anthropometric assessments at age 7–8 years. Plans are being developed to follow the cohort into adolescent years.
Decreasing referrals to transient ischaemic attack clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak: results from a multicentre cross-sectional survey
Authors: D'Anna Lucio , Sheikh Ambreen , Bathula Raj , Elmamoun Salwa , Oppong Adelaide , Singh Ravneeta , Redwood Rebecca , Janssen John , Banerjee Soma , Vasileiadis Evangelos 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic is having major implications for stroke care with a documented significant fall in hospital acute stroke admissions. We investigated whether COVID-19 has resulted in a decreased number of referrals to the transient ischaemic attack (TIA) clinics across the North West London region.Setting and designAll the TIA clinical leads of the North West London region received an invitation by email to participate in an online survey in May 2020. The survey questionnaire aimed to assess the number of patients with suspected TIA consecutively referred to each of the TIA clinics of the North West London region between 1 March and 30 April 2020, the COVID-19 period, and between 1 March and 30 April 2019.ResultsWe had a response rate of 100%. During the COVID-19 period, the TIA clinics of the North West London region received 440 referrals compared with 616 referrals received between 1 March and 30 April 2019 with a fall in the number of the referrals by 28.6%. In April 2020 compared with April 2019, the number of the referrals declined by 40.1%.ConclusionsThis multicentre analysis documented a significant reduction in the number of patients referred with suspected TIA to the specialised rapid access outpatient clinics in the North West London region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings and to better characterise the incidence of cerebrovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An interface between the Powheg Box and MadGraph5_aMC@NLO
Authors: Nason Paolo , Oleari Carlo , Rocco Marco , Zaro Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a framework for developingPowheg Boxgenerators usingMadGraph5_aMC@NLOfor the computation of the matrix elements. Within this framework, all the flexibility ofMadGraph5_aMC@NLOfor the generation of matrix elements for Standard Model processes and for several of its extensions can be exploited, as well as all features of thePowheg Boxframework, including the possibility of multijet merging without a merging scale (using the so called MiNLO approach). As a proof of concept, we develop a generator for the production of a spin-0 Higgs-like boson in association with up to two jets, with CP-violating couplings.
Research on the Impact and Mechanism for the Inhibition of Micrococcus Catalase Activity by Typical Tetracyclines
Authors: Ren Luyao , Wang Qian , Du Yonggang , Xu Pengju , Zong Wansong 
Published: October 2020

As potential inhibitors target to biological enzymes, antibiotics may have certain impacts on the biochemical treatment process. With micrococcus catalase (CAT) served as the target molecule, the impact and inhibition mechanism for typical tetracyclines (TCs) were evaluated. Toxicity experiments showed that TCs had significant inhibition on CAT in the sequence of tetracycline>chlortetracycline>oxytetracycline>doxycycline. To clarify the inhibition mechanism between TCs and CAT which was explored with the assistance of fluorescence spectroscopy and MOE molecule simulation. According to fluorescence analysis, TCs quenched the fluorescence signal of CAT by the mode of static quenching. Combined with toxicity data, it could be presumed that TCs combined with the catalytic active center and thus inhibited CAT. Above presumption was further verified by the molecular simulation data. When TCs combined with the catalytic center of CAT, the compounds have increased combination areas and prominent energy change (compared with the compounds formed by TCs and noncatalytic center recommend by MOE software). IBM SPSS statistics showed that TC toxicity positively correlated with the hydrogen bonds such as O13→Glu252, O1←Arg195, and O6→Asp249, but negatively correlated with the hydrogen bonds such as O10→Pro363, O10→Lys455, and O12 → Asn127. TC toxicity also positively correlated with the ion bonds ofN4‐Glu252, but negatively correlated with the ion bonds of N4‐Asp379. Hydrogen bonds and ion bonds for above key sites were closely related to the inhibition effect of TCs on CAT.
Single Magnetic Element-Based High Step-Up Converter for Energy Storage and Photovoltaic System with Reduced Device Count
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Shahzad Mohsin , Li Qianmu , Saleem Jawad , Aslam Muhammad Shamrooz , Majid Abdul 
Published: October 2020

The multiport DC-DC power converter is a prominent area of research in power electronics due to its highly dense design, reduced device count, and high energy efficiency. In this paper, a nonisolated single magnetic element-based high step-up three-port converter for an energy storage system is presented. The proposed converter has two input ports and one output port. The coupled inductor with switched capacitor is used to achieve high voltage gain. The key features of the proposed converter are high conversion gain, low voltage stress, zero voltage switching (ZVS), and zero current switching (ZCS). The detailed theoretical analysis and operation of the converter are elaborated. The energy efficiency of the proposed converter is calculated and compared with the other counterparts. Ansys Maxwell is used for the coupled inductor finite element modeling. To verify the applicability and functionality of proposed converter, a

100
W

converter with two inputs (

48
V

and

96
V

) and one output

360
V

at

100
kHz

is tested in the laboratory.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression in the elderly: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leite Tainara da Silva Mattos , Fett Carlos Alexandre , Stoppiglia Luiz Fabrizio , Neves Thiago , Figueiredo Karla Régia Ferreira Viana , Rodrigues Rosilene Andrade Silva , Fett Waléria Christiane Rezende 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Depression is a psychiatric disease that causes losses in the biopsychosocial aspect of the affected individuals. The prevalence in the elderly population is significant, and identify the factors related to this outcome allows preventive measures and treatment can be early applied. Objective: Assessing the association between depression and sociodemographic and health risk factors in the elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 388 elderly of both genders, aged 65 years and older, urban residents of the city of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as a self-report of chronic diseases and lifestyle, a self-report questionnaire of functional capacity, occurrence of falls, Geriatric Depression Scale, mental state assessment, and anthropometry tests were used. The chi-square test, odds ratio (OR), and multiple logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and p<5% were used in the statistical analysis. Results: There was a predominance of women (64%) who were mulatto/caboclo/brown skin (43%) and married (45%). Depression was significantly associated with: the lowest level of education, <8 years (OR=2.15; p=0.012), partial or total dependence of instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.85; p=0.003), having five or more diseases (OR=2.93, p=0.002), falls in the last twelve months (OR=1.90; p=0.021), and sleep (OR=2.39; p<0.001) and visual difficulties (OR=2.28; p<0.001). Conclusion: Depression in this group of elderly was associated with modifiable and preventable factors in the health of these people. Thus, the early diagnosis of risk factors associated with depression, the inclusion of social, physical and cognitive activities must be considered for their prevention.
Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos dos acidentes botrópicos notificados em um hospital de referência de Alagoas
Authors: Batista Luís Antonio Xavier , Tenório Danielle de Paula Queiroz , Pacheco Luciana Maria de Medeiros 
Published: October 2020

Os acidentes ofídicos configuram um sério transtorno à saúde pública dos países tropicais, em razão da frequência com a qual se apresentam e da magnitude da morbimortalidade que acarretam. No Brasil, observa-se uma prevalência anual entre 19 e 22 mil desses acidentes, e, dentre os casos em que se há notificação da espécie, o gênero Bothrops é responsável por 80,50% dos casos. Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos dos acidentes botrópicos notificados em um hospital de referência no estado de Alagoas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo do tipo transversal e retrospectivo, dos registros clínicos de pacientes internados no Hospital Escola Dr. Hélvio Auto, por acidentes botrópicos de 2010 a 2018. Resultados: A partir da investigação de 694 prontuários médicos, constatou-se a maior prevalência de acidentes no ano 2017. O perfil epidemiológico foi composto por indivíduos de sexo masculino, adultos, de etnia parda, de baixo nível de escolaridade, trabalhadores rurais, e caracterizado por ocorrer majoritariamente na mesorregião Leste Alagoano. Por sua vez, o perfil clínico caracterizou-se por apresentar como região anatômica mais acometida os membros inferiores, manifestações de dor e edema, gravidade leve a moderado e desfecho evolutivo satisfatório. Conclusões: A investigação realizada permitiu traçar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos acidentes botrópicos no estado de Alagoas, bem como identificou que o grupo social composto por trabalhadores rurais apresentou certa dificuldade de acesso ao atendimento hospitalar adequado em tempo hábil, o que determinou a incidência de casos de maior gravidade nessa população.
moedas das mulheres imperiais
Authors: Bélo Tais Pagoto 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo visa expor a imagem pública de algumas mulheres do final da República e início do Império através de exemplares de moedas que datam do período do Principado, que se estabeleceu com Augusto (27 a.C.), até a morte de Nero (68 d.C.). Tem-se o intuito de ilustrar como, nesse período, essas mulheres melhoraram sua visibilidade na vida pública, por meio de afazeres ligados à família imperial, que as levaram ao Patronato e, consequentemente, à autopropaganda, englobando suas imagens em moedas, como uma forma de se demonstrar poder.
As mulheres dessa época eram restritas à vida privada e doméstica devido à existência da patria potestas, que era significante e marcava as relações de poder do pai dentro da família romana, classificando a mulher como desigual ao homem. A conquista das mulheres em terem seus nomes lembrados, através de estátuas, placas e moedas, era algo recente no final da República e início do Império, tendo sido estabelecida através do Patronato. A lembrança da pessoa, dessa forma, era importante e poderia repercutir por gerações na família.
As moedas com representações das mulheres imperiais possibilitam não somente reconstruir cronologicamente a existência delas na história, mas também revelam que elas eram ativas na vida pública.
Depression and suicidal ideation among the geriatric population of Kashmir, India
Authors: Shoib Sheikh , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Arafat SM Yasir , Hakak Sohail Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

Background: Depression is a common disorder that can lead to suicidal behaviours among the geriatric population. Aim: We aimed to assess depression, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation among the elderly population of Kashmir. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts of Kashmir between June and August 2019. The sample consisted of 200 persons aged >65 years. Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Hopelessness Scale, and the Beck Suicide Ideation scale were used to determine depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Pearson’s correlation was performed to assess the relationships between depression, hopelessness, and suicide. Results: The prevalence of severe depression with a score of ⩾31 on Beck’s Depression Inventory was 56% among the studied population. Most of these elderly were found to have moderate levels of suicidal ideation (62.5%) and hopelessness (61%). Depression had a positive correlation with suicidal ideation ( r = 0.35). Hopelessness and suicidal intent had a more significant positive correlation ( r = 0.54), as compared to depression and hopelessness ( r = 0.43). Conclusion: More than half of the older persons in Kashmir had depression with superimposed hopelessness which is an important risk factor of suicidal ideation.
The antidepressant-like activity of chiral xanthone derivatives may be mediated by 5-HT1A receptor and β-arrestin signalling
Authors: Sałaciak Kinga , Głuch-Lutwin Monika , Siwek Agata , Szafarz Małgorzata , Kazek Grzegorz , Bednarski Marek , Nowiński Leszek , Mitchell Emma , Jastrzębska-Więsek Magdalena , Partyka Anna , Wesołowska Anna , Kołaczkowski Marcin , Szkaradek Natalia , Marona Henryk , Sapa Jacek , Pytka Karolina 
Published: October 2020

Background: Our previous studies showed that xanthone derivatives with N-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine fragment have an affinity to the 5-HT1A receptor and show antidepressant-like properties in rodents. In this study, we tested three xanthone derivatives, HBK-1 (R, S) and its enantiomers, in which we increased the distance between the piperazine and xanthone fragments by using a hydroxypropoxy linker. We hypothesized that this would increase the binding to the 5-HT1A receptor and consequently, pharmacological activity. Aims: We aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of the xanthone derivatives. Methods: We evaluated the in vitro affinity for serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors and serotonin transporter. We also determined the intrinsic activity at the 5-HT1A receptor. We investigated the antidepressant-like properties and safety after acute administration (dose range: 1.25–20 mg/kg) using the forced swim, tail suspension, locomotor activity, rotarod and chimney tests in mice. We also evaluated the basic pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: Our results indicated that the compounds showed a high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor but very weak antagonistic properties in the Ca2+ mobilization assay; however, they showed significant agonistic properties in the β-arrestin recruitment assay. In both behavioural tests the studied xanthone derivatives showed antidepressant-like activity. Pre-treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine or WAY-100635 abolished their antidepressant-like activity. None of the compounds caused motor impairments at antidepressant-like doses. The racemate penetrated the blood–brain barrier and had a relatively high bioavailability after intraperitoneal administration. Conclusions: Xanthone derivatives with N-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine fragment and hydroxypropoxy linker show increased binding to the 5-HT1A receptor and may represent an attractive putative treatment candidate for depression.
Circulating microRNA-145 as a diagnostic biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer: A systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tao Shaohua , Ju Xuegui , Zhou Hui , Zeng Qianglin 
Published: October 2020

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding, highly stable RNAs, have been reported to have diagnostic value for variety types of cancers. Objectives: To assess the diagnostic value of circulating miR-145 for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by using systemic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in five databases until 20 February 2020 to identify diagnostic trials of miR-145 in the diagnosis of NSCLC. The quality of included studies was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool with Review Manager 5.3, and the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was plotted by STATA 13.1 software. Results: A total of 1394 patients from 11 data sets in trials (published in nine studies) were recruited. The area under the curve of the SROC was 0.83. According to the meta regression, the specimen selection was considered the source of heterogeneity, the SROC in serum (0.90 (95% CI 0.87, 0.92), the sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79, 0.89), and the specificity was 0.80 (95% CI 0.71, 0.89)) was obviously higher than that in plasma (SROC=0.75). Conclusion: Serum miR-145 might be served as a potentially useful biomarker for NSCLC diagnosis. However, due to the existing limited-quality research, more large-scale and multicenter studies are required for further verification.
Gender disparities in health resource utilization in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a prospective longitudinal real-world study with more than 2000 patients
Authors: Schriefer Dirk , Ness Nils-Henning , Haase Rocco , Ziemssen Tjalf 
Published: October 2020

Background: For the case of multiple sclerosis, research on gender differences from a health economics perspective has not received much attention. However, cost-of-illness analyses can provide valuable information about the diverse impact of the disease and thus help decision-makers to allocate scarce resources. The aim of this study was to describe healthcare resource use and associated societal costs from a gender perspective. In particular, we aimed to identify how resource utilization potentially differs in certain cost components between men and women. Methods: Clinical and economic data were extracted from two prospective, multicentre, non-interventional, observational studies in Germany. Information on health resource use was obtained from all patients on a quarterly basis using a validated questionnaire. Cost analyses were conducted from the societal perspective including all direct (healthcare-related) and indirect (work-related) costs, regardless of who bears them. Gender-related differences were analysed by a multivariable generalized linear model with a negative binomial distribution and log link function due to the right-skewed distribution pattern of cost data. In addition, costs for men and women were descriptively analysed within subgroups of two-year disease activity. Results: In total, 2095 patients (women-to-men ratio of 2.7:1) presented a mean age of 41.85 years and a median Expanded Disability Status Scale of 2 (interquartile range 1–3.5) ( p > 0.30 for gender-related differences). Women and men did not statistically differ in total quarterly costs (€2329 ± €2570 versus €2361 ± €2612). For both, costs were higher with advancing disease severity and indirect costs were the main societal cost driver. Regarding healthcare-related resources, women incurred higher costs for ambulant consultations [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.16, confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.31], complementary medicine (IRR 2.41, CI 1.14–5.06), medical consumables (IRR 2.53, CI 1.69–3.79) and informal care (IRR 2.79, CI 1.56–5.01). Among indirect costs, we found higher costs for men for presenteeism (IRR 0.62; CI 0.53–0.72) and higher costs for women for disability pension (IRR 1.62; CI 1.23–2.13). Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis poses a significant economic burden on patients, families and society. While the total economic burden did not differ between male and female patients, we found gender differences in specific cost items that are similar to those in the wider non-MS population.