bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Drag as a Criterion for Evidence-based Classification in Para Swimming
Authors: PAYTON CARL , HOGARTH LUKE , BURKETT BRENDAN , VAN DE VLIET PETER , LEWIS SANDRA , OH YIM-TAEK 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Paralympic classification should provide athletes with an equitable starting point for competition by minimizing the impact their impairment has on the outcome of the event. As swimming is an event conducted in water, the ability to overcome drag (active and passive) is an important performance determinant. It is plausible that the ability to do this is affected by the type and severity of the physical impairment, but the current World Para Swimming classification system does not objectively account for this component. The aim of this study was to quantify active and passive drag in Para swimmers and evaluate the strength of association between these measures and type of physical impairment, swimming performance, and sport class.

Methods
Seventy-two highly trained Para swimmers from sport classes S1 to S10 and 14 highly trained nondisabled swimmers were towed by a motorized winch while the towing force was recorded. Passive drag was measured with the arms held by the side; active drag was determined during freestyle swimming using an assisted towing method.

Results
Active and passive drag were higher in Para swimmers with central motor and neuromuscular impairments than for nondisabled swimmers and were associated with severity of swim-specific impairment (sport class) and maximal freestyle performance in these swimmers (r = −0.40 to −0.50, P ≤ 0.02). Para swimmers with anthropometric impairments showed similar active and passive drag to nondisabled swimmers, and between swimmers from different sport classes.

Conclusions
Para swimmers with central motor and neuromuscular impairments are predisposed to high active drag during freestyle swimming that impacts on their performance. It is recommended that drag measures be considered in revised classification for these swimmers, but not for those with anthropometric impairments.
Effects of Exercise Training on Anxious–Depressive-like Behavior in Alzheimer Rat
Authors: WU CHONGYUN , YANG LUODAN , LI YONG , DONG YAN , YANG BAOCHENG , TUCKER LORELEI DONOVAN , ZONG XUEMEI , ZHANG QUANGUANG 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to examine the effects of treadmill training on anxious–depressive-like behaviors of transgenic Alzheimer rats in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and provided evidence of exercise in alleviating fear-avoidance behavior deficits.MethodsMale 2-month-old TgF344-AD and wild-type rats were divided into wild-type (n= 9), AD (n= 8), and AD + treadmill exercise (Exe) groups (n= 12). After 8 months of exercise, the passive avoidance test, Barnes maze task, novel object recognition test, and object location test were used to measure learning and memory function. The open-field test, elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test were conducted to determine the anxious–depressive-like behavior of AD rats. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, and related assay kits were used to measure inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, amyloid-β production, and tau hyperphosphorylation.ResultsBehavioral tests revealed that 12-month-old animals did not show any spatial learning and memory deficits but did display anxious–depressive-like behavior (open field, center time:P= 0.008; center entries:P= 0.009; line crossings:P= 0.001). However, long-term exercise significantly inhibited anxious–depressive-like behavior in AD rats (center time:P= 0.016; center entries:P= 0.004; line crossings:P= 0.033). In addition, these animals displayed increased amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, microgliosis, inflammatory cytokines release, and oxidative damage, which were attenuated significantly by long-term exercise training.ConclusionLong-term exercise training alleviated anxious–depressive-like behavior and improved fear-avoidance behavior in transgenic AD rats, supporting exercise training as an effective approach to prevent anxiety, depression, and fear-avoidance behavior deficits in the early stages of AD pathogenesis.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF LEARNING MODELS DEVICE NETWORK APPLICATION INITIATIVE FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY SKILLS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
Authors: Purnadi Purnadi , Kuat Tri , Santosa Budi 
Published: February 2020

Competence of Vocational High School (VHS) students can be qualified, if students have competence in accordance with industry needs. The synchronization of the curriculum with the industry is absolutely necessary, so the school is not left behind by the development of the business world and the industrial world. The development of learning model should always be updated or done curriculum innovation, so that schools can synergize with DUDI. This study aims to (1) to know the implementation of the Device Network Application Initiative learning model, (2) to know the advantages and disadvantages of applying the Device Network Application Initiative learning model, (3) to know the effectiveness of the learning model of the Device Network Application Initiative for the Department of Technology and Information. The learning model of the Device Network Application Initiative (DNA Initiative) (the DNA curriculum) is the application of industrial curriculum to VHS education. Model innovation. The business world and the industrial world (dunia usaha dunia industry/DUDI) are more confident with students who get their learning materials of industry standard. This study uses a qualitative method. The research was conducted by observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis techniques. Secondary data in the form of documentation is used to support the research. Focus Group Discussion by presenting DUDI, curriculum experts, industrial class managers, user / user graduates, teachers and testimonials, concluded that the implementation of the Device Network Application Initiative learning model for vocational students is very effective andappropriate. The contribution to schools is the implementation of process concept that schools are industrial environments or industrial replicas.
Locally automated restoration in SDN disaggregated networks
Authors: Sambo Nicola 
Published: February 2020

Multi-vendor interoperability and disaggregation are attracting the interest of network operators as a way to avoid vendor lock-in, thus opening the market and, possibly, reducing costs. NETCONF, in concert with YANG data models, has been identified as the software defined networking (SDN) configuration protocol for these networks. Currently, several YANG models describe devices in a vendor-neutral way; however, there is a lack of YANG models describing functions. Moreover, the centralization of the control plane may suffer from scalability issues during critical situations (e.g., link failures), given that several restoration requests will arrive at the SDN controller close in time. This paper investigates an innovative paradigm of restoration for disaggregated SDN networks named delegated restoration, which operates in a hybrid centralized–distributed manner. Before a failure occurs, the backup lightpath is centrally computed by the SDN controller, and, based on this computation, the controller informs the network devices (switches and transponders), through NETCONF, of the reconfigurations to perform in case of failure. Simulations show that delegated restoration can reduce the restoration time with respect to a fully centralized approach, making it a candidate for impacting the operation, administration, and maintenance of next-generation networks.
Photonic nanojets generated by single microspheres of various sizes illuminated by resonant and non-resonant focused Gaussian beams of different waists
Authors: Mandal Amartya , Dantham Venkata Ramanaiah 
Published: February 2020

We report theoretical simulations on the photonic nanojet (PNJ) of single dielectric microspheres of various sizes illuminated by focused Gaussian beams (FGBs), using analytical theory developed by Gouesbet et al. based on the Bromwich formalism. The radius of the microsphere (

R

) is varied from 1 to 45 µm. The effect of the beam waist (

ω
0

) on characteristic parameters such as maximum electric field enhancement (

η

m
a
x

) of the PNJ, the focal length of the microsphere (

f

), effective length, and width of the PNJ is studied in detail. The effect of the refractive index of the microsphere (

n
p

) and

R

on the

η

m
a
x

for different values of

ω
0

is studied. The dependence of (i) the

f

value on

R

and (ii) the

η

m
a
x

value on

λ

is investigated systematically.
Vector beams in planar photonic crystal cavities with rotating air holes
Authors: Gao Xiaomei , Yang Lechen , Bo Fang , Li Jiafang , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun 
Published: February 2020

We report a method to generate angularly polarized vector beams with a topological charge of one by rotating air holes to form two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) cavities. The mode volume and resonance wavelength of these cavities are tuned from

0.33

(
λ

/

n

)
3

to

12

(
λ

/

n

)
3

and in a wide range of 400 nm, respectively, by controlling the range of fixed air holes near the center of the structure. As a benefit, the half-maximum divergence angles of the vector beam can be widely changed from 90° to

∼

60

∘

. By adjusting the shift direction of the air holes in the PC cavities, optical vector beams with different far-field morphology are obtained. The scheme provides not only an alternative method to generate optical vector beams, but also an effective strategy to control far-field morphology and polarizations, which holds promising applications such as optical microscopy and micro-manipulation.
Tongan translation realities across Tā ('Time') and Vā ('Space')
Authors: Kalavite Telesia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe kingdom of Tonga known as the Friendly Islands is a bilingual country where the official languages are Tongan (lea faka-Tonga) and English (lea faka-Pilitānia). In a bilingual environment like Tonga, the ability to translate effectively between the two languages is a fundamental skill to communicate well and to achieve academic success. The main focus of this article is to approach translation through a sociocultural lens, and more specifically, through a Tongan-inspired tāvāist perspective: 'Okusitino's Māhina'sTā–Vā('Time–Space') Theory of Reality. This theory has influenced a range of practices from many disciplines and social activities, such as translation. Theorizing translation in and acrosstā('time') andvā('space') informs the relationships between languages, cultures and educational backgrounds in the transmission of 'ilo('knowledge') andpoto('skills') among all members of the society. In exploring the theory this article will consider two translation case studies of English to Tongan literature: Lewis Carroll'sAlice in Wonderland(1865) and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry'sThe Little Prince(1943).
Risk of Tuberculosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Infliximab or Adalimumab Is Dependent on the Local Disease Burden of Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kedia Saurabh , Mouli Venigalla Pratap , Kamat Nagesh , Sankar Jeeva , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin , Makharia Govind , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab (ADA) use in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). This meta-analysis evaluated the factors which determine this risk, with special focus on local TB incidence.

METHODS:
All studies until January 31, 2019, which reported the development of TB in patients with IBD on IFX/ADA, were included after searching PubMed and Embase. Data regarding disease type, number of patients on IFX/ADA, number of patients who developed TB, mean age at IFX/ADA initiation, median duration of development of TB, and latent TB (LTB) were extracted. The details on local TB incidence were obtained from the World Health Organization database, and the studies were stratified into low (<10/100,000), intermediate (10–40/100,000), and high TB burden countries (>40/100,000). Random effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the overall pooled prevalence and prevalence based on local TB burden.

RESULTS:
Of 130,114 patients (128 studies), 373 developed TB (pooled prevalence: 0.08% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.05%–0.10%]). The risk increased with increasing TB burden, pooled prevalence being 0.02% (95% CI: 0.02%–0.03%), 0.21% (95% CI: −0.02% to 0.43%), and 1.59% (95% CI: 1.19%–2.00%) for low, intermediate, and high TB burden countries, respectively. Seventy-three percent of patients who developed TB had no evidence of LTB on screening, the proportion being independent of TB burden. There was no effect of disease or treatment type, study type, gender, age at IFX/ADA initiation, and follow-up duration on TB prevalence.

DISCUSSION:
TB risk in patients with IBD on IFX/ADA depends on the local TB burden and is independent of disease/treatment type.
Safety of Endoscopy for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A National Analysis
Authors: Hoffman Gila R. , Stein Daniel J. , Moore Matthew B. , Feuerstein Joseph D. 
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction (MI) are at risk of gastrointestinal bleeding because of the need for antiplatelet agents and/or anticoagulation. The data regarding the safety of endoscopy after MI are limited. This study sought to assess mortality rates of patients hospitalized with acute MI who require esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort analysis of all adult inpatients in the NIS from 2016 admitted for ST-elevation infarction myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI, or type II non-STEMI was conducted. Data were collected including patient demographics and indication for endoscopy per ICD-10 coding. HCUPnet was used to query NIS to obtain all inpatient mortality. The primary methods included adjusted χ2 for categorical outcomes, adjusted linear regression for continuous outcomes, and adjusted logistic regression for multivariable analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,281,749 patients were admitted for acute coronary syndrome in 2016, and 55,035 of these patients underwent endoscopy In the multivariable regression analysis, those who underwent a GI procedure (odds ratio [OR] 0.80, P value < 0.002) and angiogram (OR 0.48, P value < 0.001) had lower in-hospital mortality, after adjusting for age, Elixhauser index, need for angiogram, sex, race, and hospital type. Endoscopy postcatheterization was not associated with a difference in mortality compared with preangiogram (OR = 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.60–1.19).

DISCUSSION:
Patients who underwent endoscopy are sicker and have higher mortality rates than those who do not undergo endoscopy, but after adjusting for comorbidities, mortality is actually lower. This suggests that endoscopy is safe and should be performed when clinically indicated despite recent cardiac ischemia.
Prevention of Severe Acute Pancreatitis With Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Huang Zhiyin , Ma Xiao , Jia Xintong , Wang Rui , Liu Ling , Zhang Mingguang , Wan Xiaoyan , Tang Chengwei , Huang Libin 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is still a big challenge. Accumulated data showed that overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in acute pancreatitis and experimental pancreatitis could be attenuated with COX-2 inhibitors. This study was aimed to evaluate whether the occurrence of SAP could be prevented by selective COX-2 inhibitors.

METHODS:
A total of 190 patients with predicted SAP were randomized into convention group or convention plus COX-2 inhibitors (C+COX-2-Is) group. Besides conventional treatment to all patients in 2 groups, parecoxib (40 mg/d intravenous injection for 3 days) and celecoxib (200 mg oral or tube feeding twice daily for 7 days) were sequentially administrated to the patients in the C+COX-2-Is group. The primary outcome was predefined as the occurrence of SAP. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for all of the patients were measured.

RESULTS:
The occurrence of SAP in the C+COX-2-Is group was decreased 47.08% compared with the convention group, 21.05% (20/95) vs 39.78% (37/93), P = 0.005. A reduction of late local complications was also shown in the C+COX-2-Is group, 18.95% (18/93) vs 34.41% (32/95), P = 0.016. The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower in the C+COX-2-Is group than those in the convention group, P < 0.05. Parecoxib relieved abdominal pain more rapidly and decreased the consumption of meperidine. An incremental reduction of cost for 1% decrease of SAP occurrence was RMB475.

DISCUSSION:
Sequential administration of parecoxib and celecoxib in patients with predicted SAP obtained about half-reduction of SAP occurrence through decreasing serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. This regimen presented good cost-effectiveness.
Survey and analysis the critical success factors in the reverse flow inventory management process for returnable packaging
Authors: Silva Wesley Douglas Oliveira , Fontana Marcele Elisa 
Published: February 2020

Goal: This study aimed to propose a procedure to survey of the Critical success Factors (CSF) in the reverse flow inventory management.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A problem structuring method (PSM) combined with an approach for analysis of strategic map were used to facilitate and share information in a participatory process, considering all the stakeholder’s perspectives in order to identify and analyse the CSF. A case study of returnable packaging in the metallurgy and steel industry was conducted to validate the proposal.
Results: The proposal was able to minimize conflicts and it facilitated the discussions on the CFSs surveyed. In addition, the decision makers have confirmed that their viewpoints were well represented in the strategic map, and they will use the CFS to evaluate the operations performance.
Limitations of the investigation: Although the surveyed CSFs are specific to the presented case study, the procedure may be replicated in other organizations to identify their own CSF.
Practical implications: The adequate survey of CSFs is fundamental because they have potential to explain the success or failure of a company, since CSFs impact directly on profits, processes performance and competitive environment.
Originality/Value: The main contribution was to propose a methodology to survey critical success factors in the reverse flow environment adequate to messy, complex and unstructured situations, as well as this methodology was able to make a cyclic analysis and comprehension of the multiple perspectives, important in group decision maker environments.
FORECAST OF MULTIVARIATE TIME SERIES SAMPLED FROM INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY SENSORS
Authors: Dos Santos Heron Felipe Rosas , Da Silva Leila Weitzel Coelho , Sobral Ana Paula Barbosa 
Published: February 2020

Goal: To evaluate the performance of a set of forecasting methods in the prediction of future values on a dataset of time series collected from sensors installed in an industrial gas turbine.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Forecasting methods tested include the use of multivariate and univariate neural networks (FNN and LSTM), exponential smoothing and ARIMA models.
Results: Results show that the use of ARIMA models to forecast on the dataset is the best default method to apply, and is the only forecasting method that consistently beats a simple naïve no-change model.
Limitation of the investigation: There was a focus on evaluating neural networks. This limited resources available to evaluate other forecasting methods. There is no guarantee that it would not be possible to find neural networks capable of yielding better forecasts than the ones achieved by the best performing methods in this research.
Practical implications: The broadest possible implications of the results are that the best default method to forecast industrial machinery time series is the use of ARIMA models. Additionally, neural networks are not capable of beating methods well stablished within the forecasting community, namely ARIMA models.
Originality/Value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is a scarce amount of published evaluations of multiple forecasting methods on data from real machines. This knowledge is useful for the understanding of the best forecasting methods available for the estimation of machine’s RUL using sensor time series.
Laju fotosintesis pada tanaman kelapa sawit terinfeksi karat daun Cephaleuros virescen
Authors: Susanto Agus , Prasetyo Agus Eko , Priwiratama Hari , Syarovi Muhdan 
Published: February 2020

Kejadian penyakit karat daun kelapa sawit yang disebabkan alga Cephaleuros virescens semakin meningkat di Indonesia. Kerugian karena penyakit ini pada tanaman kelapa sawit belum pernah diukur secara kuantitatif. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengukur laju fotosintesis pada tanaman kelapa sawit umur 5 tahun dengan 3 kategori serangan yaitu ringan, sedang, dan berat. Hasil pengamatan di Kebun Kalianta menunjukkan bahwa serangan karat daun dimulai dari pelepah bawah ke pelepah atas. Kejadian penyakit juga banyak terjadi pada permukaan atas helaian daun dibandingkan dengan permukaan bawah daun. Titik kritis serangan karat daun dimulai dari daun ke-17 ke atas yang akan menurunkan laju fotosintesis kelapa sawit. Pada daun ke-9 penurunan laju fotosintesis antara intensitas penyakit ringan ke berat sebesar 42.48% yaitu dari 15.51 µmol ke 8.92 µmol.
Soft Law in International Governance
Authors: Kwiatkowski Paweł 
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the article is to assess how the provisions resulting from international programmatic norms in the field of human genetic data are implemented. The presented study, adopting the perspective of institutional rationalism extended to the paradigm of legalism, considers examples of the implementation of these standards in selected legal systems – Germany, the United States of America and France. The selection of the research paradigm is preceded by a theoretical introduction, which presents three ways of conceptualizing the notion of soft law in the legal sciences. Following an outline of this legal regime in positivism, and the theories of rationalization and constructivism, the author focuses on the provisions of the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data of 16 October, 2003, which are compared with the legislative initiatives of Germany, the United States of America and France, to show the influence that the choices of states has on selection of the implemented standards and how they are implemented.