bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spreading Characteristics and Temperature Evolution of Droplet Impact on Cold Superhydrophilic Surface
Authors: Chun Jiang , Hao Tingting , Chen Yansong , Zheng Yi , Ma Xuehu , Lan Zhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Droplet impact phenomena and thin liquid film flow are widespread in nature, industrial production and daily life. The spreading characteristics and temperature evolution of the liquid film after droplet impact are the key controlling factors in many industrial heat transfer processes. Constructing a thin micro-nano structured superhydrophilic surface on a metal surface is a promising approach to achieving heat transfer enhancement. Therefore, in this paper, we experimentally investigated the hydraulic characteristics and temperature distribution evolution of water droplet impact on cold superhydrophilic surface using high-speed imaging and infrared thermal imaging techniques. During the droplet spreading on superhydrophilic surface, there is an inertial-force-dominant rapid spreading regime followed by the friction-dominant slow spreading regime. It is observed that a precursor film forms in the radial direction. The results show that the droplet spreading diameter is positively correlated with the We number, increasing as the weber number becomes larger. The spreading diameter decreases as the wall temperature decreases, but the effect of temperature is not obvious compared with that of impact weber number. For temperature evolution, a low temperature center area forms at the impact center and a ring-shaped high temperature zone is observed first for droplet impact on cold superhydrophilic surfaces. Along spreading radial direction, the temperature distribution shows an uphill to downhill curve with its gradient inverted in sign near the high temperature zone. Then the high temperature ring disappears and the liquid film temperature shows a monotonically decreasing trend along the radial direction. The duration time of high temperature ring shortens with the increase of We number and decrease of wall temperature. Meanwhile, in order to reveal the reasons for the formation of special temperature distribution, CFD numerical simulation is adopted to analyze the mechanism of ring-shaped high temperature zone’s formation. CFD numerical simulation demonstrates that the temperature evolution law is in good agreement with the experiment results. The temperature distribution of high temperature ring is caused by uneven distribution of the liquid film thickness due to the superwetting properties of superhydrophilic surface. This work is of great significance for further understanding and provides new sights of the liquid film flow on superhydrophilic surface in heat transfer process. Furthermore, it has certain reference significance for the spray and heat transfer process in engineering practice.
Experimental Investigation of Graphene Oxide Nanofluids on Thermal Performance of Heat Pipe
Authors: Zhao Weilin , Xu Jun , Li Jinkai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The graphene oxide-deionized water (GO-DW) and graphene oxide-ethylence glycol (GO-EG) nanofluids were synthesized. The better suspension of nanofluids was achieved. The thermal conductivity of both nanofluids was analyzed. It indicates that GO nanoparticles can strengthen the thermal conductivity of DW base fluids by 22.6%–61.7% and EG base fluids by 15.3%–32.8%. Four copper heat pipes charged with GO-DW and GO-EG nanofluids as well as DW and EG base fluids were experimentally researched, it is discovered that the addition of GO nonoparticles in heat pipe can elevate the condenser wall temperature and reduce the temperature difference. Future analysis finds that, with respect to DW and EG fluids heat pipe, the thermal resistances of GO-DW and GO-EG nanofluids heat pipe are respectively decreased 42.6–52.4% and 31.9%–38.4% for air cooling, and 15.5–16.7% and 11.5%–18.9% for water cooling at condenser section. Besides, the wick structure of GO-DW nanofluids heat pipe was examined by Scanning Electron Microscope, and the effective thermal conductivity of fluid-wick combination was evaluated. The outcomes demonstrate that the evaporator wick surface contains about 0375–1.24μm coating film of GO nanoparticles. Assumed the coating film is 0.75μm, the effective thermal conductivity of fluid-wick combination is respectively enhanced by 66.92 % for GO-DW nonofluids heat pipe and 37.32% for GO-EG nonofluids heat pipe at 70 °C.
Fluid Flow and Thin Film Evolution Near the Triple Line of Evaporative Sessile Droplet During Mixing Process
Authors: Ma Tengxiao , Zhou Leping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Evaporation of a sessile droplet containing nanoparticles plays a crucial role in engineering. However, the internal flow of an evaporative droplet may be influenced by various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of fluid flow, especially the evolution of thin liquid film near the triple line of an evaporating droplet. This paper describes an experimental study of fluid flow and thin film evolution near the triple line of a sessile droplet when it was mixed with another droplet of different size. The temporal and spatial evolution of thickness in the thin film near the triple line is obtained by using the sub-region method developed from the total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The experimental results show that the spatial variation of the local film thickness can be linear or oscillating depending on the mixing position of the droplets. When the mixing position is at the droplet apex, the film thickness near the triple line fluctuates drastically in an oscillating mode, indicating that the mixing of the small droplet causes a strong disturbance in the thin film region. By using the velocimetry technique, the distribution of near wall velocity in the sessile droplet during mixing process is obtained, which provides the basis for velocimetry near the triple line. This work helps to gain insight of the thin film evolution and the velocity field near the triple line on the mixing processes of droplets.
Predicting Multi-Order Magnetic Polaritons Resonance in SiC Slit Arrays by Improved LC Circuit Model
Authors: Guo Yanming , Shuai Yong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Magnetic polariton (MP) that couples electromagnetic waves with magnetic excitation can be predicted by equivalent inductor-capacitor (LC) circuit model. However, when the resonance frequencies of MP and surface phonon polariton (SPhP) is close, the absorption peak predicted by the previous LC circuit model are far different from solving electromagnetic field calculation results. Absorption enhancement with a SiC slit array is theoretically demonstrated within the SiC phonon absorption band with Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The electromagnetic field distributions confirm the interactions between SPhP and MP. Taking the effects of interactions between MP and SPhP into account, the improved LC circuit model is employed to predict MP1 resonance condition and the method for predicting the multi-order MP resonance conditions is given. This study may contribute to the oriented design of thermal radiative properties and micro/nanostructures metamaterials thermal radiative properties database building.
Uni-Leg Thermoelectric Module Comprised by Coated Hybrid-Perovskite Thin Film
Authors: Saini Shrikant , Baranwal Ajay Kumar , Yabuki Tomohide , Hayase Shuzi , Miyazaki Koji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thermoelectric materials can convert thermal energy into electrical energy without any moving part which leads its path of application to the era of printed and flexible electronics. CsSnI3 perovskite can be a promising thermoelectric material for the next-generation energy conversion due to its intrinsic ultra-low thermal conductivity and large Seebeck coefficient but enhancement of electrical conductivity is still required. CsSnI3 can be prepared by wet process which can reduce the cost of flexible thermoelectric module.
In this work, CsSnI3 thin films were fabricated by spin coating wet process. Thin films were structurally and chemically characterized using XRD and SEM. Thermoelectric properties such as electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity were measured at 300 K. Uni-leg thermoelectric modules were fabricated on a glass substrate using CsSnI3 thin films. The maximum output is about 0.8 nW for 5 legs (25 mm × 3 mm × 600 nm) modules for the temperature difference of about 5°C. These results will open a new pathway to thermoelectric modules for flexible electronics in spite of low output power.
Experiment of Enhanced Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Coupling Effects of Nano-Structure and Synergistic Micro-Channel
Authors: Gao Linsong , Lv Jizu , Bai Minli , Hu Chengzhi , Du Liqun , Li Yubai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The manipulation of micro- or nano-structure is a promising method to improve pool boiling heat transfer performance. However, most studies just focus on the micro- or nano-structure without considering the combination micro- and nano-structure. In this paper, we fabricated synergistic microchannel, nano-structure, and micro-nano structure surface on the nickel by different technologies. Pool boiling of DI water under saturated condition was experimentally investigated. Result shows at the wall superheat of 18 K, the heat transfer coefficient of micro-nano structure, nano-structure and synergistic micro-channel surface are 16400, 13050, and 13400 W/m2 K higher 89%, 50%, and 54% than that of smooth surface, respectively. The improved heat transfer is attributed to active nucleation sites and capillary flow.
Temperature Distribution and Thermal Dosage Affected by Nanoparticle Distribution in Tumours During Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Gu Qimei , Ma Ronghui , Zhu Liang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recent microCT imaging study has demonstrated that local heating caused a much larger nanoparticle distribution volume in tumors than that in tumors without localized heating, suggesting possible nanoparticle redistribution/migration during heating. In this study, a theoretical simulation is performed to evaluate to what extent the nanoparticle redistribution affects the temperature elevations and thermal dosage required to cause permanent thermal damage to PC3 tumors. Two tumor groups with similar sizes are selected. The control group consists of five PC3 tumors with nanoparticles distribution without heating, while the experimental group consists of another five resected PC3 tumors with nanoparticles distribution obtained after 25 minutes of local heating. Each generated tumor model is attached to a mouse body model by microCT scans. A previously determined relationship between the nanoparticle concentration distribution and the volumetric heat generation rate is implemented in the theoretical simulation of temperature elevations during magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. Our simulation results show that the average steady state temperature elevation in the tumors of the control group is higher than that in the experimental group when the nanoparticles are more spreading from the tumor center to tumor periphery (control group: 64.03±3.2°C vs. experimental group: 62.04±3.07°C). Further we assess the thermal dosage needed to cause 100% permanent thermal damage (Arrhenius integral Ω = 4) to the entire tumor, based on the assumption of unchanged nanoparticle distribution during heating. The average heating time based on the experimental setting from our previous studies demonstrates significantly different designs. Specifically, the average heating time for the control group is 24.3 minutes. However, the more spreading of nanoparticles to tumor periphery in the experimental group results in a much longer heating time of 38.1 minutes, 57° longer than that in the control group, to induce permanent thermal damage to the entire tumor. The results from this study suggest that the heating time needed when considering dynamic nanoparticle migration during heating is probably between 24 to 38 minutes. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the importance of including dynamic nanoparticle spreading during heating into theoretical simulation of temperature elevations in tumors to determine accurate thermal dosage needed in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia design.
Discussion Paper: Improving the participation of students in health professional education research
Authors: Thomas Josephine , Kumar Koshila , Chur-Hansen Anna 
Published: December 2019

Health professional education (HPE) has grown as a field of research, with an increasing number of publications since the 1990s. Interprofessional education is a specific area of growth with ongoing debate in the literature, at least in part due to the challenges that exist in implementation, and further research is needed to inform ongoing practice. Participant recruitment is a major challenge, and poor participation rates lead to bias and a failure to demonstrate outcomes. There is a lack of information about why students decline to participate in research to inform and improve education. Motivation for volunteerism in other contexts and recruitment of human participants in other types of research are examined as a way to understand the likely motivations of student participants. Disincentives to participate include time commitment, survey fatigue and a poor understanding of the value of HPE research and the processes involved. The ethical considerations for teacher-researchers add another layer of complexity to recruitment. A multifaceted approach, involving all stakeholders and targeting known influences, is needed to improve recruitment in health professional education research, and clear communication of the research rationale and its potential impact on curriculum design is essential. Explicit communication and adequate information to allow informed student choice are also required, while improved literacy in HPE research may provide students with a better basis for decision making when considering participation. In addition, partnership and student co-design could be a mechanism for more meaningful engagement.
Dialogical narrative approach to enhance critical thinking and student engagement during lecturebased classes
Authors: Ghiam Benjamin Kambiz , Loftus Stephen , Kamel-ElSayed Suzan 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: The dialogical narrative (DN) approach is an interactive teaching method designed and applied to the teaching of physiology to medical students. It uses an interactive conversational style within a narrative design. This study sought to answer the question “How do medical students perceive the effectiveness of the DN approach in promoting participation, engaged learning and critical thinking?” Methods: Physiological subject matter was presented to a class of second-year medical students in a manner that combined storytelling and a question–answer conversational style. Soon after, two focus group sessions, each with seven participants, were conducted to determine the students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the approach. Recordings from focus group sessions were transcribed and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis, informed by narrative inquiry and dialogism. Results: Analysis revealed that students felt the DN approach: encouraged critical thinking, was more engaging and conducive to active participation than traditional didactic lectures and provided a narrative flow and logical progression of material. The approach challenged students who were not used to public speaking and encouraged students to be well prepared. The teacher needed to upskill in managing the approach and asking the right questions. Conclusions: The students were divided between those who feel comfortable with active, open dialogue in the class and those who do not, but most believed the interactions fostered skills that are important. Most students preferred the DN approach over traditional lectures. The great strength of the DN approach is the manner in which it integrates practical teaching measures within a sound theoretical framework.
Take-home laparoscopic simulators to develop surgical skills: Analysing attitudes to, and barriers and enablers of, their use in gynaecology training
Authors: Wilson Erin , Jolly Brian , Beckmann Michael , Janssens Sarah , Hewett David , Wilkinson Shelley 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Providing specialty trainees with take-home laparoscopic simulators may overcome known barriers to simulation-based surgical training such as limited time and access to equipment; however, programs utilising these simulators have reported suboptimal engagement from trainees. The purpose of this study was to understand factors influencing the use of take-home laparoscopic simulators and make suggestions to optimise engagement in future programs. Methods: We interviewed 10 of the 16 gynaecology trainees who participated in a take-home laparoscopic box trainer simulation program. Interview transcripts were analysed and themes sorted using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Articulation of these domains with the Behaviour Change Wheel directed the formulation of targeted interventions. Results: Trainees had positive attitudes towards simulation training; however, they experienced numerous under-recognised barriers to training. Trainees found their professional role, duties and competing life priorities limited time for training. Trainees experienced feelings of inertia and did not train as much as they anticipated. They were disengaged from training by a lack of real operating, a perceived poor relationship between training tasks and surgery and difficulties with equipment set-up. Self-directed practice, goal setting, task deadlines, perceived supervision, a recognition of personal skill development and an understanding of the need for simulation enabled training. Interventions were proposed to address the barriers to training.Conclusions: Trainee attitudes towards simulation and take-home trainers were positive, yet numerous barriers prevented them from training. Following a theory-driven process, we were able to devise targeted, evidence-based interventions, which may be incorporated into future versions of the program.
MRI of posterior eye shape and its associations with myopia and ethnicity
Authors: Lim Laurence Shen , Matsumura Saiko , Htoon Hla Myint , Tian James , Lim Shin Bin , Sensaki Sonoko , Chen Christopher , Hilal Saima , Wong Tien Yin , Cheng Ching Yu , Kuo Anthony , Saw Seang Mei 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
To evaluate posterior eye shape variations across a wide refractive error range using brain MRI in a multiethnic cohort.

Methods
Adult subjects in the multiethnic Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study were included. Spherical equivalent (SE) was measured using subjective refraction, and axial length (AL) was measured using optical biometry. MRI was performed using a 3-Tesla whole body scanner with a 32-channel head coil. The radii and asphericity based on fitting of the posterior two-thirds of the eye (240°) were calculated. The refractive error status was categorised as myopic (SE<−0.5 D) or non-myopic (SE≥−0.5 D).

Results
A total of 450 adult participants (mean age 64.2±6.5 years old) were included. Less oblate asphericity was associated with more myopic SE, longer AL and with a refractive error categorisation of myopia (p<0.001 for all). Asphericity values were less oblate in myopic compared with non-myopic eyes (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that Chinese subjects had less oblate eyes than Malay and Indian subjects, especially in non-myopic eyes.

Conclusions
A less oblate posterior eye shape was associated with myopic eyes. Chinese eyes have less oblate shapes than Malay and Indian eyes, especially in non-myopic eyes.
Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway promotes pancreatic cancer pain via nerve growth factor
Authors: Han Liang , Jiang Jie , Xue Mengwen , Qin Tao , Xiao Ying , Wu Erxi , Shen Xin , Ma Qingyong , Ma Jiguang 
Published: December 2019

Background
Many patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) suffer from abdominal pain and back pain. However, the cause of pain associated with PC is largely unclear. In this study, we tested the potential influence of the sonic hedgehog (sHH) signaling pathway on PC pain.

Methods
Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression was measured in cultured PC cells and dorsal root ganglions (DRG) by real-time PCR, western blotting analysis and ELISA. Small interfering RNA transfection and plasmid constructs were used to regulate the expression of sHH in the AsPc-1 and Panc-1 cell lines. Pain-related behavior was observed in an orthotopic tumor model in nude mice.

Results
In this study, the results show that sHH increased the expression of SP and CGRP in DRGs in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Additionally, sHH secretion from PC cells could activate the sHH signaling pathway and, in turn, increase the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), P75, and TrkA in DRGs. Furthermore, the sHH signaling pathway and NGF/NGF receptor contributed to pain sensitivity in a nude mouse model.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that PC pain originates from the sHH signaling pathway, and NGF mediates the pain mechanism via regulating SP and CGRP.
The signatures of the new particles $$h_{2}$$ and $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$ at e-p colliders in the $${U(1)}_{L^{}_{\mu } - L^{}_{\tau } }$$ model
Authors: Hou Jin-Xin , Yue Chong-Xing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsidering the superior performances of the future e-p colliders, LHeC and FCC-eh, we discuss the feasibility of detecting the extra neutral scalar $$h_{2}$$h2 and the light gauge boson $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ, which are predicted by the $${U(1)}_{L^{}_{\mu } - L^{}_{\tau }}$$U(1)Lμ-Lτ model. Taking into account the experimental constraints on the relevant free parameters, we consider all possible production channels of $$h_{2}$$h2 and $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ at e-p colliders and further investigate their observability through the optimal channels in the case of the beam polarization $$\hbox {P}(e^{-})= -0.8$$P(e-)=-0.8. We find that the signal significance above $$5\sigma $$5σ of $$h_{2}$$h2 as well as $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ detecting can be achieved via "Equation missing" process and a $$5\sigma $$5σ sensitivity of $$Z^{}_{\mu \tau }$$Zμτ detecting can be gained via "Equation missing" process at e-p colliders with appropriate parameter values and a designed integrated luminosity. However, the signals of $$h_{2}$$h2 decays into pair of SM particles are difficult to be detected.
Thermoelectric properties of S-doped Cu2Se materials synthesized by high-pressure and high-temperature method
Authors: Xue Lisha , Fang Chao , Shen Weixia , Shen Manjie , Ji Wenting , Zhang Yuewen , Zhang Zhuangfei , Jia Xiaopeng 
Published: December 2019

High-pressure technique is an effective route to synthesize thermoelectric materials and tune transport properties simultaneously. In this work, S-doped copper–selenium compounds [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] were successfully synthesized by high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) technology in just 30 min. [Formula: see text] samples show layered morphology composed of abundant pores and lattice defects. The appropriate S introduction ([Formula: see text] and 0.03) can effectively enhance Seebeck coefficient and reduce the thermal conductivity of [Formula: see text]. Compared with the pure [Formula: see text] sample, [Formula: see text] exhibits a 30% lower thermal conductivity, but the decline of power factor by the distinctly increased electrical resistivity at high temperature results in a smaller zT at temperature [Formula: see text] K. The variations of thermoelectric properties are resulted from the competitive effects between S-doping and actual composition change (Cu:S). It indicates that S-doping is not so effective in improving the zT value of [Formula: see text] materials by high-pressure synthesis.