bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic geochemical and palynological studies of the Maastrichtian source rock intervals in Bida Basin, Nigeria: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity
Authors: Ojo Olusola J. , Jimoh Ayoola Y. , Umelo Juliet C. , Akande Samuel O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Patti Formation which consists of sandstone and shale offers the best potential source beds in the Bida Basin. This inland basin is one of the basins currently being tested for hydrocarbon prospectivity in Nigeria. Fresh samples of shale from Agbaja borehole, Ahoko quarry and Geheku road cut were analysed using organic geochemical and palynological techniques to unravel their age, paleoecology, palynofacies and source bed hydrocarbon potential. Palynological data suggest Maastrichtian age for the sediments based on the abundance of microfloral assemblage;Retidiporites magdalenensis, Echitriporites trianguliformisandButtinia andreevi. Dinocysts belonging to theSpiniferites, DeflandreaandDinogymniumgenera from some of the analysed intervals are indicative of freshwater swamp and normal sea conditions. Palynological evidence further suggests mangrove paleovegetation and humid climate. Relatively high total organic carbon TOC (0.77–8.95 wt%) was obtained for the shales which implies substantial concentration of organic matter in the source beds. Hydrocarbon source rock potential ranges from 0.19 to 0.70 mgHC/g.rock except for a certain source rock interval in the Agbaja borehole with high yield of 25.18 mgHC/g.rock. This interval also presents exceptionally high HI of 274 mgHC/g.TOC and moderate amount of amorphous organic matter. The data suggests that in spite of the favourable organic matter quantity, the thermal maturity is low as indicated by vitrinite reflectance andTmax(0.46 to 0.48 Ro% and 413 to 475 °C, respectively). The hydrocarbon extracts show abundance of odd number alkanes C27–C33, low sterane/hopane ratio and Pr/Ph > 2. We conclude that the source rocks were terrestrially derived under oxic condition and dominated by type III kerogen. Type II organic matter with oil and gas potential is a possibility in Agbaja area of Bida Basin. Thermal maturity is low and little, or no hydrocarbon has been generated from the source rocks.
Bearing assessment tool for longitudinal bridge performance
Authors: Garcia-Sanchez David , Fernandez-Navamuel Ana , Sánchez Diego Zamora , Alvear Daniel , Pardo David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work provides an unsupervised learning approach based on a single-valued performance indicator to monitor the global behavior of critical components in a viaduct, such as bearings. We propose an outlier detection method for longitudinal displacements to assess the behavior of a singular asymmetric prestressed concrete structure with a 120 m high central pier acting as a fixed point. We first show that the available long-term horizontal displacement measurements recorded during the undamaged state exhibit strong correlations at the different locations of the bearings. Thus, we combine measurements from four sensors to design a robust performance indicator that is only weakly affected by temperature variations after the application of principal component analysis. We validate the method and show its efficiency against false positives and negatives using several metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Due to its unsupervised learning scope, the proposed technique is intended to serve as a real-time supervision tool that complements maintenance inspections. It aims to provide support for the prioritization and postponement of maintenance actions in bridge management.
Organo endocrino adiposo 2020: stato dell’arte
Authors: Cinti Saverio 
Published: September 2020

SommarioI tessuti adiposi bianco e bruno sono organizzati a formare un vero e proprio organo. Essi svolgono funzioni diverse ma collaborano grazie alla loro plasticità che permette la reciproca conversione. Ciò implica una nuova proprietà per le cellule mature. Il sottocutaneo della ghiandola mammaria fornisce un altro esempio perché queste cellule adipose si trasformano in ghiandole durante la gravidanza. L’organo adiposo nell’obesità va incontro a flogosi inducendo insulino-resistenza, patogeneticamente coinvolta nel diabete Tipo 2. L’organo adiposo collabora con quelli della digestione formando un sistema che è in grado di controllare diversi aspetti nutrizionali e quindi denominato sistema nutrizionale.
Decreasing azole sensitivity of Z. tritici in Europe contributes to reduced and varying field efficacy
Authors: Jørgensen L. N. , Matzen N. , Heick T. M. , Havis N. , Holdgate S. , Clark B. , Blake J. , Glazek M. , Korbas M. , Danielewicz J. , Maumene C. , Rodemann B. , Weigand S. , Kildea S. , Bataille C. , Brauna-Morževska E. , Gulbis K. , Ban R. , Berg G. , Semaskiene R. , Stammler G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeptoria tritici blotch (STB;Zymoseptoria tritici) is the most important leaf disease of wheat in Northern and Western Europe. The problem of fungicide resistance inZ. triticipopulations is challenging future control options. In order to investigate differences in azole performances against STB, 55 field trials were carried out during four seasons (2015–2018). These trials were undertaken in ten different countries across Europe covering a diversity of climatic zones and agricultural practices. During all four seasons, four single azoles (epoxiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole and metconazole) were tested. Increasing variability in the performances of these azoles against STB was observed across Europe. The efficacy of the tested azoles varied considerably across the continent and between countries. The shifts in disease control from these commonly used azoles were confirmed by increasing EC50values for epoxiconazole, prothioconazole-desthio and metconazole. The sensitivity towards tebuconazole remained relatively low across the four years. The frequencies ofCYP51mutations varied substantially across Europe, with a clear pattern of significantly decreasing frequencies of D134G, V136A and S524T in the localZ. triticipopulations from west to east. In contrast, no major differences were seen forCYP51mutations V136C, A379 and I381V. The four azoles showed different levels of cross-resistance, which again depended on specificCYP51mutations. Across the four seasons, the single azoles increased the yields between 9 and 11% on average.
On moderate deviations in Poisson approximation
Authors: Liu Qingwei , Xia Aihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we first use the distribution of the number of records to demonstrate that the right tail probabilities of counts of rare events are generally better approximated by the right tail probabilities of a Poisson distribution than those of the normal distribution. We then show that the moderate deviations in Poisson approximation generally require an adjustment and, with suitable adjustment, we establish better error estimates of the moderate deviations in Poisson approximation than those in [18]. Our estimates contain no unspecified constants and are easy to apply. We illustrate the use of the theorems via six applications: Poisson-binomial distribution, the matching problem, the occupancy problem, the birthday problem, random graphs, and 2-runs. The paper complements the works [16], [8], and [18].
Increased vegetable and fruit intake is associated with reduced failure rate of tuberculosis treatment: a hospital-based cohort study in China
Authors: Xu Lei , Wang Jinyu , Zhao Shanliang , Zhang Jianwen , Xiong Ke , Cai Jing , Wang Qiuzhen , Lin Song , Ma Yan , Ma Aiguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncreased intake of vegetables and fruits has been associated with reduced risk of tuberculosis infection. Vegetables and fruits exert immunoregulatory effects; however, it is not clear whether vegetables and fruits have an adjuvant treatment effect on tuberculosis. Between 2009 and 2013, a hospital-based cohort study was conducted in Linyi, Shandong Province, China. Treatment outcome was ascertained by sputum smear and chest computerised tomography, and dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ. The dietary questionnaire was conducted at the end of month 2 of treatment initiation. Participants recalled their dietary intake of the previous 2 months. A total of 2309 patients were enrolled in this study. After 6 months of treatment, 2099 patients were successfully treated and 210 were uncured. In multivariate models, higher intake of total vegetables and fruits (OR 0·70; 95 % CI 0·49, 0·99), total vegetables (OR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·97), dark-coloured vegetables (OR 0·61; 95 % CI 0·43, 0·86) and light-coloured vegetables (OR 0·67; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·95) were associated with reduced failure rate of tuberculosis treatment. No association was found between total fruit intake and reduced failure rate of tuberculosis treatment (OR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·70, 1·37). High intake of total vegetables and fruits, especially vegetables, is associated with lower risk of failure of tuberculosis treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The results provide important information for dietary guidelines during tuberculosis treatment.
Sussex by the sea
Authors: Jansen Sandra , Robinson Justyna A. , Cahill Lynne , Leemann Adrian , Blaxter Tamsin , Britain David 
Published: September 2020

Dialects in the South East of England are very often perceived as one homogenous mass, without much regional variation. Rosewarne introduced the notion of Estuary English and defined it as ‘variety of modified regional speech [ . . . ] a mixture of non-regional and local south-eastern English pronunciation and intonation’ (Rosewarne, 1984). However, studies such as Przedlacka (2001) and Torgersen & Kerswill (2004) have shown that, at least on the phonetic level, distinct varieties exist. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated language use in the South East and even fewer in the county of Sussex. It is often claimed that there is no distinct Sussex dialect (Coates, 2010: 29). Even in the earliest works describing the dialect of the area (Wright, 1903) there are suggestions that it cannot be distinguished from Hampshire in the west and Kent in the east.
Effects of the number of hospitalizations on cognitive function in Japanese patients with stable schizophrenia
Authors: Hori Hikaru , Atake Kiyokazu , Katsuki Asuka , Yoshimura Reiji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to determine whether the number of hospitalizations in schizophrenia patients is associated with reduced cognitive performance, which may in turn imply that recurrences indirectly lead to a worsening in the disorder’s progression.MethodsCognitive performance in stable schizophrenia patients was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese-language version, on 30 patients who had not experienced any hospitalizations (G0), 57 patients who had experienced only one hospitalization (G1), 47 patients with two hospitalizations (G2), and 59 patients with three or more hospitalizations (G3).ResultsSignificant differences in motor function and attention and processing speed were found between patients with G0 and those with G1. Significant differences in working memory and verbal fluency were found between patients with G1 and those with G2. Patients with G3 performed even more poorly in comparison with those with G1, showing deficits in verbal memory, working memory, executive function, and composite score. The patients with G3 displayed a greater range of impairment and demonstrated deficits in executive function compared with patients with G2. Finally, G2 and G3 performed more poorly than G0, with deficits in the various cognitive areas.ConclusionThe number of hospitalizations predicted cognitive performance, which suggests that relapse or recurrence may have a long-term neuropsychological impact. Prospective follow-up studies must be completed to explore this effect further because better treatment adherence may have a protective effect on neurocognitive function.
‘Fat black sheep’: Educational penalties of childhood obesity in an emerging country
Authors: Levasseur Pierre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:This article explores the relationship between childhood obesity and educational outcomes in Mexico, a country where excess weight is predominant.Design:Using complementary multivariate estimators, we empirically investigate the association between childhood excess weight, measured in 2002, and schooling attainment measured 10 years later. Non-linear specifications are tested, and heterogeneous effects according to gender, living area and economic backgrounds are investigated.Setting:To fill the literature gap, this study focuses on the understudied context of emerging countries such as Mexico.Participants:Panel data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (2002–2012) are used. We restricted the sample to adolescent individuals who had between 9 and 15 years old in 2002 (attended primary or secondary school in 2002). The survey provides an accurate follow-up information on weight, height and waist circumference for each individual.Results:Controlling for a comprehensive set of covariates, we find that the relationship is non-linear in Mexico. While weight-based childhood obesity and abdominal adiposity are significantly associated with lower school attainment, at least in urban settings, no schooling gap is found between overweight students and their normal-weight counterparts. Along with rural–urban heterogeneity, obesity-based educational penalties appear to be stronger for girls and students from privileged economic backgrounds.Conclusions:These results emphasise the co-occurrence of anti-fat and pro-fat social norms in Mexican schools: while anti-fat norms may particularly concern female, richer and urban students, pro-fat norms might persist among male, poorer and rural students. These findings have important implications for public policy, namely about awareness anti-obesity programmes.
Citizens’ Attitudes to Contact Tracing Apps
Authors: Horvath Laszlo , Banducci Susan , James Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCitizens’ concerns about data privacy and data security breaches may reduce the adoption of COVID-19 contact tracing mobile phone applications, making them less effective. We implement a choice experiment (conjoint experiment) where participants indicate which version of two contact tracing apps they would install, varying the apps’ privacy-preserving attributes. Citizens do not always prioritise privacy and prefer a centralised National Health Service system over a decentralised system. In a further study asking about participants’ preference for digital-only vs human-only contact tracing, we find a mixture of digital and human contact tracing is supported. We randomly allocated a subset of participants in each study to receive a stimulus priming data breach as a concern, before asking about contact tracing. The salient threat of unauthorised access or data theft does not significantly alter preferences in either study. We suggest COVID-19 and trust in a national public health service system mitigate respondents’ concerns about privacy.
Impact of Volcanic Aerosols on the Hydrology of the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies‐Dominated Subregions: Comparison of Proxy and Multimodel Ensemble Means
Authors: Zhuo Z. , Gao C. , Kirchner I. , Cubasch U. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProxy‐model comparisons show large discrepancies in the impact of volcanic aerosols on the hydrology of the Asian monsoon region (AMR). This was mostly imputed to uncertainties arising from the use of a single model in previous studies. Here we compare two groups of CMIP5 multimodel ensemble mean (MMEM) with the tree‐ring‐based reconstruction Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas (MADA PDSI), to examine their reliability in reproducing the hydrological effects of the volcanic eruptions in 1300–1850 CE. Time series plots indicate that the MADA PDSI and the MMEMs agree on the significant drying effect of volcanic perturbation over the monsoon‐dominated subregion, while disparities exist over the westerlies‐dominated subregion. Comparisons of the spatial patterns suggest that the MADA PDSI and the MMEMs show better agreement 1 year after the volcanic eruption than in the eruption year and in subregions where more tree‐ring chronologies are available. The MADA PDSI and the CMIP5 MMEMs agree on the drying effect of volcanic eruptions in western‐East Asia, South Asian summer monsoon, and northern East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) regions. Model results suggest significant wetting effect in southern EASM and western‐South Asia, which agrees with the observed hydrological response to the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. Analysis on model output from the Last Millennium Ensemble project shows similar hydrological responses. These results suggest that the CMIP5 MMEM is able to reproduce the impact of volcanic eruptions on the hydrology of the southern AMR.
One photon-per-bit receiver using near-noiseless phase-sensitive amplification
Authors: Kakarla Ravikiran , Schröder Jochen , Andrekson Peter A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpace communication for deep-space missions, inter-satellite data transfer and Earth monitoring requires high-speed data connectivity. The reach is fundamentally dictated by the available transmission power, the aperture size, and the receiver sensitivity. A transition from radio-frequency links to optical links is now seriously being considered, as this greatly reduces the channel loss caused by diffraction. A widely studied approach uses power-efficient formats along with nanowire-based photon-counting receivers cooled to a few Kelvins operating at speeds below 1 Gb/s. However, to achieve the multi-Gb/s data rates that will be required in the future, systems relying on pre-amplified receivers together with advanced signal generation and processing techniques from fibre communications are also considered. The sensitivity of such systems is largely determined by the noise figure (NF) of the pre-amplifier, which is theoretically 3 dB for almost all amplifiers. Phase-sensitive optical amplifiers (PSAs) with their uniquely low NF of 0 dB promise to provide the best possible sensitivity for Gb/s-rate long-haul free-space links. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach using a PSA-based receiver in a free-space transmission experiment with an unprecedented bit-error-free, black-box sensitivity of 1 photon-per-information-bit (PPB) at an information rate of 10.5 Gb/s. The system adopts a simple modulation format (quadrature-phase-shift keying, QPSK), standard digital signal processing for signal recovery and forward-error correction and is straightforwardly scalable to higher data rates.
Flow-through stable isotope probing (Flow-SIP) minimizes cross-feeding in complex microbial communities
Authors: Mooshammer Maria , Kitzinger Katharina , Schintlmeister Arno , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Nielsen Jeppe Lund , Nielsen Per Halkjær , Wagner Michael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Stable isotope probing (SIP) is a key tool for identifying the microorganisms catalyzing the turnover of specific substrates in the environment and to quantify their relative contributions to biogeochemical processes. However, SIP-based studies are subject to the uncertainties posed by cross-feeding, where microorganisms release isotopically labeled products, which are then used by other microorganisms, instead of incorporating the added tracer directly. Here, we introduce a SIP approach that has the potential to strongly reduce cross-feeding in complex microbial communities. In this approach, the microbial cells are exposed on a membrane filter to a continuous flow of medium containing isotopically labeled substrate. Thereby, metabolites and degradation products are constantly removed, preventing consumption of these secondary substrates. A nanoSIMS-based proof-of-concept experiment using nitrifiers in activated sludge and 13C-bicarbonate as an activity tracer showed that Flow-SIP significantly reduces cross-feeding and thus allows distinguishing primary consumers from other members of microbial food webs.
Accurate quantification of copy-number aberrations and whole-genome duplications in multi-sample tumor sequencing data
Authors: Zaccaria Simone , Raphael Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCopy-number aberrations (CNAs) and whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are frequent somatic mutations in cancer but their quantification from DNA sequencing of bulk tumor samples is challenging. Standard methods for CNA inference analyze tumor samples individually; however, DNA sequencing of multiple samples from a cancer patient has recently become more common. We introduce HATCHet (Holistic Allele-specific Tumor Copy-number Heterogeneity), an algorithm that infers allele- and clone-specific CNAs and WGDs jointly across multiple tumor samples from the same patient. We show that HATCHet outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on multi-sample DNA sequencing data that we simulate using MASCoTE (Multiple Allele-specific Simulation of Copy-number Tumor Evolution). Applying HATCHet to 84 tumor samples from 14 prostate and pancreas cancer patients, we identify subclonal CNAs and WGDs that are more plausible than previously published analyses and more consistent with somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small indels in the same samples.
Evolution of a guarded decoy protease and its receptor in solanaceous plants
Authors: Kourelis Jiorgos , Malik Shivani , Mattinson Oliver , Krauter Sonja , Kahlon Parvinderdeep S. , Paulus Judith K. , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRcr3 is a secreted protease of tomato that is targeted by fungal effector Avr2, a secreted protease inhibitor of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. The Avr2-Rcr3 complex is recognized by receptor-like protein Cf-2, triggering hypersensitive cell death (HR) and disease resistance. Avr2 also targets Rcr3 paralog Pip1, which is not required for Avr2 recognition but contributes to basal resistance. Thus, Rcr3 acts as a guarded decoy in this interaction, trapping the fungus into a recognition event. Here we show that Rcr3 evolved > 50 million years ago (Mya), whereas Cf-2 evolved <6Mya by co-opting the pre-existing Rcr3 in the Solanum genus. Ancient Rcr3 homologs present in tomato, potato, eggplants, pepper, petunia and tobacco can be inhibited by Avr2 with the exception of tobacco Rcr3. Four variant residues in Rcr3 promote Avr2 inhibition, but the Rcr3 that co-evolved with Cf-2 lacks three of these residues, indicating that the Rcr3 co-receptor is suboptimal for Avr2 binding. Pepper Rcr3 triggers HR with Cf-2 and Avr2 when engineered for enhanced inhibition by Avr2. Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb) is a natural null mutant carrying Rcr3 and Pip1 alleles with deleterious frame-shift mutations. Resurrected NbRcr3 and NbPip1 alleles were active proteases and further NbRcr3 engineering facilitated Avr2 inhibition, uncoupled from HR signalling. The evolution of a receptor co-opting a conserved pathogen target contrasts with other indirect pathogen recognition mechanisms.