bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term clinical outcomes of scarf osteotomy in regional hospital Hong Kong
Authors: Weng-Io Ng , Kwok-Bill Chan , Yuk-Nam Yeung 
Published: November 2019

Background: Lack of local data concerning the long-term clinical outcomes of scarf osteotomy in Hong Kong. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 75 patients (88 feet) who underwent scarf osteotomy with a mean follow-up of 94.20 months (60–144 months). Clinical ratings were based on visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale. Weight-bearing radiographs were used to perform angular measurements: (i) hallux valgus angle (HVA), (ii) intermetatarsal angle, (iii) distal metatarsal articular angle, and (iv) tibial sesamoid position before operation and at the time of latest follow-up. Results: The mean overall AOFAS scales improved from 29.66 (5–49) points preoperatively to 86.83 (39–100) points at the time of final follow-up. The VAS improved from 6.61 (5 to 9) to 0.66 (0 to 4). The average HVA correction was 25.42 (8–46). The 8- to10-year recurrence rate (HVA > 20) was 31.80%. A higher degree of preoperative HVA predicts higher recurrence rate. Conclusion: Scarf osteotomy is an effective procedure for symptom control and improvement in radiological parameters for hallux valgus deformity. However, recurrence rate is relatively high.
Percutaneous Chevron/Akin (Peca) Versus Open Scarf/Akin (Sa) Osteotomies Treatment in Hallux Valgus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 137 Feet
Authors: Stéfani Kelly Cristina , Moraes Leonardo , Ferreira Gabriel Ferraz , Borges Vinicius 
Published: November 2019

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: The surgical treatment of hallux valgus presents several techniques described in the literature. Recently the percutaneous technique appeared as a less invasive option in the correction of the deformity and more and more used by the surgeons. Methods: The meta-analysis was performed through studies found from the systematic review of articles included in electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library) until June 2018 (Systematic Review Registry PROSPERO: CRD42018096613). The pooled analysis was synthesized from clinical outcomes such as visual analogue scale of pain and AOFAS score, radiographic outcomes and evaluation of complications, with 95% confidence interval. The pooled data were weighted using the fixed model effect. Results: Two studies, including 137 feet with hallux valgus diagnosis were added in the analysis, comparing open surgery using the Scarf and Akin (SA) technique versus the percutaneous Chevron and Akin (PECA). In the synthesis of the result, pain in the perioperative period was lower in the PECA group, with a reduction of 1.96 points in the fixed effect model (95% CI = -2.28 to - 1.65, p = 0.53, i2 = 0%, t2 = 0), without presenting differences between techniques in the radiographic result, nor in the risk of complications. The PECA technique demonstrated longer radioscopy time when compared to SA. Conclusion: The use of the percutaneous method (PECA) to correct hallux valgus when compared to the open technique (SA) demonstrated less pain in the perioperative period, similar potential of radiographic correction and an equal risk of complications, with a longer radioscopy time.
Treatment Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty Using an Artificial Talus
Authors: Hirano Takaaki , Akiyama Yui , Karube Tomoko , Haraguchi Naoki , Niki Hisateru , Mitsui Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2019

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Problems associated with mid- to long-term total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) include loosening and sinking of the talus implant. These problems arise due to a lack of stability compared with artificial joints such as knees and hips. In Japan, aluminum ceramic talus implants have been developed and are reported to result in good treatment outcomes. Here we investigated and report the treatment outcomes for combined TAA (cTAA), in which TAA is combined with a talus implant during the initial procedure. Methods: We assessed 15 cases involving 16 feet that underwent cTAA for which follow-up was available for at least 6 months. These cases comprised five feet with stage IIIb osteoarthritis and nine feet with stage IV osteoarthritis according to the Takakura classification as well as two feet with talus necrosis. The mean patient age was 73.5 years, and the mean follow-up period was 9.1 months. The talus implant was completely customized for all cases, and TNK Ankle (Kyocera, Japan) tibial components were used. Assessments were performed before and after surgery using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot scale (JSSF scale) for physician-led objective evaluation and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association/Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot and Self- Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q) subscales for patient-reported subjective evaluation. The validity and reliability of the JSSF scale and SAFE-Q have been verified by metering psychological verification. Scores were compared using paired t-tests. Results: The mean JSSF score improved significantly from 46.7 points preoperatively to 85.3 points postoperatively. For the SAFE-Q, pain and pain-related scores improved significantly from 40.5 points preoperatively to 75.8 points postoperatively (p < 0.001), physical function and daily lifestyle status improved significantly from 41.1 points preoperatively to 72.9 points postoperatively (p < 0.001), social lifestyle function improved significantly from 37.8 points preoperatively to 76.4 points postoperatively (p < 0.001), and overall sense of health improved significantly from 51.7 preoperatively to 80.7 postoperatively (p < 0.001). Shoe-related results improved from 50.0 points preoperatively to 69.4 points postoperatively (p = 0.038). Only one postoperative complication was noted, which was a case of deep wound infection. Conclusion: Short-term outcomes for cTAA were mostly good in our study population. The findings suggest that talus implants could be used as a treatment option for cases involving severe deformities, crushed talus injuries, and bone defects in which the use of TAA had previously been difficult, which can be handled with cTAA. These findings reveal new possibilities for expanded indications going forward. However, as these were short-term treatment outcomes, further follow-up is required in future studies.
Radiologic Recurrence of Hallux Valgus Deformity after Scarf and Akin Osteotomy in Patients with High Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle
Authors: Suh Jae Wan , Park Seung-Gwan , Kim Sung Hyun , Park Hyun-Woo 
Published: November 2019

Category: Bunion Introduction/Purpose: The most frequent complication after hallux valgus corrective surgery is recurrence of deformity. Many factors have been identified previously as risk factors for recurrence. Especially, inadequate correction of the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) has been reported one of the surgical risk factors for recurrence. This study aimed to investigate the recurrence rate after hallux valgus correction using Scarf and Akin osteotomy and to identify the significance of postoperative DMAA as a risk factor of recurrence. Methods: We reviewed 87 hallux valgus patients (122 feet) who received Scarf and Akin osteotomy from January 2007 to August 2015. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using VAS and the AOFAS score. Radiological outcome measures included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) in serial weight bearing radiograph. Recurrence was defined as more than 20 degrees of HVA in final follow-up radiograph. Radiological factors associated with recurrence including high DMAA were evaluated and analyzed. Results: Mean follow-up duration was 20.6 months (range, 12.0-46.5 months) and mean age was 44 years (13-80 years). The VAS and AOFAS scores were significantly improved at the final follow-up (7.0 to 2.0, p<0.001, 78.0 to 92.0, p<0.001). Significant corrections in the HVA, IMA and DMAA were obtained(p<0.001). Eleven (9.0%, 11/122) cases recurred hallux valgus deformity. Postoperative IMA, DMAA and HVA showed significant moderate to strong correlation with HVA at final follow-up (rho: Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.42, 0.71, 0.87, p<0.001). There was no recurrence in cases of postoperative DMAA less than 11.3 degree (fisher exact test, p<0.001). Conclusion: High DMAA is one of numerous risk factor for hallux valgus recurrence after scarf and akin osteotomy. To avoid recurrence, we suggest that surgical correctional goal of DMAA should be considered less than 11.3 degrees.
Behavioural interventions targeting physical activity improve psychocognitive outcomes in COPD
Authors: Lavoie Kim L. , Sedeno Maria , Hamilton Alan , Li Pei-Zhi , De Sousa Dorothy , Troosters Thierry , Maltais François , Bourbeau Jean 
Published: November 2019

This study explored the impact of a self-management behaviour modification (SMBM) programme with/without bronchodilators and with/without exercise training (ExT) to improve daily physical activity on psychological and cognitive outcomes in COPD patients as a secondary analysis of the PHYSACTO trial.A 12-week, four-group, randomised, partially double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial of SMBM in addition to tiotropium 5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg, tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg plus ExT, or placebo was conducted in 304 patients. Outcomes included anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-A), depression (HADS-D and Patient-Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9) and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)).All outcomes showed statistically and clinically significant improvements after 12 weeks independent of treatment group. However, greater improvements in HADS-A and MoCA were seen in patients who exhibited greater increases in physical activity and exercise capacity, respectively, whereas greater improvements in HADS-D and PHQ-9 were seen in patients who exhibited increases in either physical activity or exercise capacity.The results indicate that SMBM with/without bronchodilators or ExT was associated with improved psychological and cognitive functioning. Anxiety reduced with increased physical activity, cognitive function improved with increased exercise capacity, and depression reduced with increases in either physical activity or exercise capacity. Interventions that increase daily physical activity or exercise capacity may improve psychological and cognitive outcomes in COPD.
Changing epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease over the last two decades in a region of the Basque country
Authors: Pedrero Sandra , Tabernero Eva , Arana-Arri Eunate , Urra Elena , Larrea Maialen , Zalacain Rafael 
Published: November 2019

Recent studies suggest an increasing prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease. The aim of the present study was to describe incidence rates of NTM lung disease and trends therein in our area over a 20-year period.This was a retrospective study of all cases of NTM lung disease between 1997 and 2016 that met the 2007 American Thoracic Society criteria. We analysed the annual incidence rates, species of mycobacteria isolated, trends over time and annual mortality in 327 patients.Mycobacterium kansasiiwas the most common mycobacterium isolated (84%), followed byMycobacterium aviumcomplex (MAC) (13%). We compared two periods: 1997–2006 (257 cases, 79%) and 2007–2016 (70 cases, 21%). The incidence rates tended to decrease across these years, with a peak of incidence in 2000 with 10.6 cases per 100 000. There was a clearly decreasing trend inM. kansasiiinfection, not only in the first period (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.915, 95% CI 0.88–0.90; p<0.0001) but also in the second (IRR 0.869, 95% CI 0.780–1.014; p=0.080), reaching 1.8 per 100 000 in 2016. In contrast, MAC infection tended to increase across the two periods (IRR 1.251, 95% CI 1.081–1.447; p=0.003).In our region, the incidence of NTM lung disease has notably decreased in recent years.M. kansasiihad high incidence rates in the first decade but clearly decreased in the second decade.
Association of atypical antipsychotics and mortality for patients hospitalised with pneumonia
Authors: Boivin Zachary , Perez Mario F. , Atuegwu Nkiruka C. , Metersky Mark , Alvarez Carlos A. , Anzueto Antonio , Mortensen Eric M. 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAtypical antipsychotics are commonly used in patients with psychiatric conditions and dementia. They are also frequently used in patients being admitted with pneumonia; however, there are few safety data. The purpose of this study was to examine whether atypical antipsychotic use prior to admission is associated with increased mortality in patients with pneumonia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients with pneumonia over a 10-year period. We included patients 65 years or older and hospitalised with pneumonia. For our primary analysis, we used propensity score matching to balance confounders between atypical antipsychotic users and nonusers.ResultsThere were 102 897 patients and 5977 were taking atypical antipsychotics. After matching there were 5513 users and 5513 nonusers. Atypical antipsychotic use was associated with increased odds of 30-day (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.11–1.31) and 90-day mortality (1.19, 1.09–1.30).ConclusionIn patients 65 years or older that are hospitalised with pneumonia, we found an association between atypical antipsychotic use and increased odds of mortality. This was particularly pronounced for patients with pre-existing psychiatric or cardiac conditions. We suggest closely monitoring patients who use these medications and minimising their use in older adult patients.
Time to diagnosis of tuberculosis is greater in older patients: a retrospective cohort review
Authors: Abbara Aula , Collin Simon M. , Kon Onn M. , Buell Kevin , Sullivan Adam , Barrett Jessica , Corrah Tumena , McGregor Alastair , Hansel Trevor , John Laurence , Davidson Robert N. 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAge-related immunosenescence influences the presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in older patients. Here, we explore the clinical and radiological presentation of TB in the elderly and the factors associated with time to treatment for TB.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study comparing the clinical, radiological and demographic characteristics of TB patients aged ≥65 years with TB patients aged 18–64 years in a large cohort of TB patients in the UK. Factors associated with the time to presentation and time to treatment were identified using a multivariable analysis model.Results1023 patients were included in the analyses: 679 patients aged 18–64 years and 344 patients aged ≥65 years. “Classical” symptoms of TB (cough, haemoptysis, fever, nights sweats and weight loss) were less common among older patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) (p<0.05), but dyspnoea was more common among older patients (p=0.001). Time from presenting in secondary care to starting treatment was shorter in younger compared with older patients: 3versus15 days (p=0.001). When adjusted for age, factors associated with shorter time to treatment from symptom onset include sex (maleversusfemale) (hazard ratio (HR) 1.23 (95% CI 1.05–1.46)), UK born (HR 1.23 (95% CI 1.05–1.46)) and HIV (HR 2.07 (95% CI 1.30–3.29)). Only age remained an independent predictor of time to treatment in a multivariable model (HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.98–0.99)). For those with PTB, chest radiography findings showed that cavitation and lymphadenopathy were more common among younger patients (p=0.001).ConclusionsOlder patients aged ≥65 years with TB had fewer “classical” clinical and radiological presentations of TB, which may explain longer times to starting treatment from symptom onset compared with younger patients aged <65 years.
Corner Transition Toolpath Generation Based on Velocity-Blending Algorithm for Glass Edge Grinding
Authors: Ren Kun , Pan Yujia , Jiang Danyan , Pan Jun , Chen Wenhua , Hu Xuxiao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sharp corners usually are used on glass contours to meet the highly increasing demand for personalized products, but they result in a broken wheel center toolpath in edge grinding. To ensure that the whole wheel center toolpath is of G1 continuity and that the grinding depth is controllable at the corners, a transition toolpath generation method based on a velocity-blending algorithm is proposed. Taking the grinding depth into consideration, the sharp-corner grinding process is planned, and a velocity-blending algorithm is introduced. With the constraints, such as traverse displacement and grinding depth, the sharp-corner transition toolpath is generated with a three-phase motion arrangement and with confirmations of the acceleration/deceleration positions. A piece of glass with three sharp corners is ground on a three-axis numerical-control glass grinding equipment. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can protect the sharp corners from breakage efficiently and achieve satisfactory shape accuracy. This research proposed a toolpath generation method based on a velocity-blending algorithm for the manufacturing of personalized glass products, which generates the transition toolpath as needed around a sharp corner in real time.
Train Vehicle Structure Design from the Perspective of Evacuation
Authors: Qiu Hanzhao , Fang Weining 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The safety of trains, a highly efficient mode of transportation, has attracted significant attention. In the vehicle structure design of a train, the evaluation of the passenger evacuation time is necessary. The establishment of a simulation model is the fastest, most convenient, and practical way to achieve this goal. However, few scholars have focused on the reliability of a passenger train evacuation simulation model. This paper proposes a new validation method based on dynamic time warping and multidimensional scaling. The proposed method validates the dynamic process of a simulation model, provides statistical results, and can be used for small-sample scenarios such as a train evacuation scenario. The results of a case study indicate that the proposed method is an effective and quantitative approach to the validation of simulation models in a dynamic process. Thus, this paper describes the influence of the train structure size on an evacuation based on the results of simulation experiments. The structural size factors include the door width, aisle width, and seat pitch. The experiment results indicate that a wide aisle and reasonable seat pitch can promote a proper evacuation. In addition, a normal train door width has no effect on an evacuation.
Linking biological toxicity and the spectral characteristics of contamination in seriously polluted urban rivers
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Zhu Zihan , Song Jiyu , Liao Ruiyan , Wang Yufan , Luo Xi , Nie Dongya , Lei Yumeng , Shao Ying , Yang Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Urban river pollution risks to environments and human health are emerging as a serious concern worldwide. With the aim to achieve the health of urban river ecosystem, numerous monitoring programs have been implemented to investigate the spectral characteristics of contamination. While due to the complexity of aquatic pollutants, the linkages between harmful effects and the spectral characteristics of contamination are still a major challenge for capturing main threats to urban aquatic environments. To establish these linkages, surface water (SW), sediment pore water (SDPW), and riparian soil pore water (SPW) were collected from five sites of the seriously polluted Qingshui Stream, China. The water-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), fluorescence excitation–emission matrix, and specific ultraviolet absorbance were applied to analyze the spectral characteristics of urban river contamination. The Photobacterium phosphorem 502 was used to test the acute toxicity of the samples. Finally, the correlations between acute toxicity and concentrations of DOC, TN, TP, and the spectral characteristics were explored.

Results
The concentrations of DOC, TN, and TP in various samples amounted from 11.41 ± 2.31 to 3844.67 ± 87.80 mg/L, from 1.96 ± 0.06 to 906.23 ± 26.01 mg/L and from 0.06 ± 0.01 to 101.00 ± 8.29 mg/L, respectively. The florescence index (FI) amounted from 1.54 to 3.14, the biological index (BIX) were between 0.94 and 1.57. The distribution patterns of specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254) showed that the highest aromaticity and hydrophobicity were found in SDPW and the lowest ones were in SW. All samples showed significantly inhibition on luminescent bacteria. Particularly, the highest acute toxicity was found in site 1 with an EC50 value of 6.023-fold dilution for the raw SDPW sample. In addition, the highest fluorescence intensity was also observed from SDPW of site 1.

Conclusions
Tryptophan-like and protein-like substances could be important DOC fractions contributing remarkably to the acute toxicity in the seriously polluted river. In addition, the significant reduction on acute toxicity was found with the treatment of surface water flow constructed wetland, revealing that constructed wetland could be an effective approach for toxicant degradation. These observations are useful for water treatments, and meaningful for urban sustainable development.
Manipulating osa-MIR156f Expression by D18 Promoter to Regulate Plant Architecture and Yield Traits both in Seasonal and Ratooning Rice
Authors: Liu Qing , Su Yi , Zhu Yunhua , Peng Keqin , Hong Bin , Wang Ruozhong , Gaballah Mahmoud , Xiao Langtao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds more than half of the world’s population. Ratooning rice is an economical alternative to the second seasonal rice, thus increasing the yield of ratooning rice is highly important.

Results
Here we report an applicable transgenic line constructed through the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression in rice shoot using the OsGA3ox2 (D18) promoter. In seasonal rice, the D18–11 transgenic line showed moderate height and more effective tillers with normal panicle. In ratooning rice, axillary buds outgrew from the basal node of the D18–11 transgenic line before the harvest of seasonal rice. More effective tillers produced by the outgrowth of axillary buds contributed to the plant architecture improvement and yield increase. Additionally, it was found that osa-miR156f down-regulated the expression of tillering regulators, such as TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) and LAX PANICLE 1 (LAX1). The expression of DWARF10, DWARF27 and DWARF53, three genes being involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of strigolactone (SL), decreased in the stem of the D18–11 transgenic line.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that the manipulation of osa-MIR156f expression may have application significance in rice genetic breeding. This study developed a novel strategy to regulate plant architecture and grain yield potential both in the seasonal and ratooning rice.