bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving resilience of Cagayan de Oro's water supply to flooding
Authors: Ruijmschoot Adriaan Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ‘Ridge to Coast, Rain to Tap’ (R2CR2T) project aims to address several identified factors in order to reduce flood vulnerability and improve the resilience of the water supply in Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. The project, which started on 1st January 2018, has adopted an integrated approach, working both directly on the water supply infrastructure and at a systemic level in the river basin. Through capacity development, investments and technical assistance, the project will provide a strong boost to improve the operations of the Cagayan de Oro Water District (COWD). Water supply coverage, sanitation services and disaster risk reduction are being expanded to up to 7,000 previously unserved households in relocation areas, primarily inhabited by people who lost their homes in the 2011 Sendong flood. In the upstream Cagayan de Oro River Basin (CDORB), several pilot reforestation interventions are being implemented in partnership with local Indigenous Peoples (IP) communities to demonstrate effective and sustainable ways for addressing the causes of flooding. The project aims to contribute to an enabling environment in which public and private stakeholders in CDO and Bukidnon Province cooperate towards flood risk reduction. The R2CR2T project is a Public-Private Partnership including partners Cagayan de Oro Water District, VEI, FITC, Unifrutti Tropical Philippines Inc, Cagayan de Oro River Basin Management Council, Hineleban Foundation, Bukidnon Indigenous Peoples Advisory Council, Wetlands International, Philippines Red Cross and Netherlands Red Cross. The R2CR2T project is 49% co-funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and administered by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) through the Sustainable Water Fund.
An Overview of Stroke: Mechanism, In vivo Experimental Models Thereof, and Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Khan Mohd Muazzam , Badruddeen  , Mujahid Mohd , Akhtar Juber , Khan Mohammad Irfan , Ahmad Usama 
Published: June 2020

Background:Stroke is one of the causes of death and disability globally. Brain attack is because of the acute presentation of stroke, which highlights the requirement for decisive action to treat it.Objective:The mechanism and in-vivo experimental models of stroke with various neuroprotective agents are highlighted in this review.Method:The damaging mechanisms may proceed by rapid, nonspecific cell lysis (necrosis) or by the active form of cell death (apoptosis or necroptosis), depending upon the duration and severity and of the ischemic insult.Results:Identification of injury mediators and pathways in a variety of experimental animal models of global cerebral ischemia has directed to explore the target-specific cytoprotective strategies, which are critical to clinical brain injury outcomes.Conclusion:The injury mechanism, available encouraging medicaments thereof, and outcomes of natural and modern medicines for ischemia have been summarized. In spite of available therapeutic agents (thrombolytics, calcium channel blockers, NMDA receptor antagonists and antioxidants), there is a need for an ideal drug for strokes.
Predictive and Prognostic Value of Ascitic Fluid Mannose Binding Lectin in Patients with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Mohamed Amal A. , Abdelhamid Mohamed , El-Toukhy Naglaa , Sabry Ahmed , Khattab Rania A. , El-damasy Dalia Ali , Ahmed Abeer , Elkadeem Mahmoud , Abd-Elsalam Sherief 
Published: June 2020

Background/Aim:
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a common bacterial infection of ascitic fluid mainly in
ascites due to liver cirrhosis. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) can activate phagocytosis and the complement system. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was detected to be higher in MBL deficiency. This study aimed to assess ascitic fluid MBL in
liver cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

Methods:
Ninety patients with cirrhotic ascites were included. Forty five of them had SBP. Child-Pugh score, Model for
End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and its update (uMELD) scores were used to assess severity of liver cirrhosis. Ascitic
fluid samples were obtained for differentiation of leucocytic count, estimation of albumin, protein, glucose, and serumascitic albumin gradient. Ascitic fluid levels of MBL were measured for all patients. SBP was documented if polymorphonuclear leucocytic count ≥250/mm in ascitic fluid.

Results:
Ascitic fluid MBL level was significantly lower in patients with SBP. MBL had a significant negative correlation
with ascitic total leukocytic count (TLC), also with serum creatinine, bilirubin, PT, INR and MELD score among SBP patients. However, it had a significant positive correlation with ascitic protein and with platelets. According to multivariate
analysis; fever, TLC, platelets, creatinine, MBL, glucose and polymorphs were independent predictors for SBP development.

Conclusion:
Ascitic fluid MBL could be a good predictive and prognostic marker in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Phytochemical Profile of Orthosiphon aristatusSamples Prepared by Acetone Precipitation
Authors: Chua Lee Suan 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Orthosiphon aristatus is a popular medicinal herb because of its pharmacological
significance. Therefore, a lot of products formulated from the plant extract are available in
the market. However, many phytochemicals in the plant extract are still remained to be unknown.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to profile phytochemicals from the plant extracts prepared
using water and ethanol in a reflux system for comparison.

Method:
The commonly used analytical techniques of acetone precipitation (gravimetry) and vanillin
assay (colorimetry) were used to estimate total saponin in the plant extracts. The low dielectric
constant of acetone (20.7) was used to precipitate saponins. The phytochemicals in the plant extracts
and their respective precipitates were then identified by LC-MS/MS.

Results:
Higher amount of precipitate was formed from ethanol extract than water extract. The results
of LC-MS/MS revealed that not only saponins, but other phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids,
flavonoids, terpenoids and aliphatic acids were also detected in the precipitates. In particular,
ethanol extract and its precipitate were found to have higher flavonoids. Acetone precipitation could
significantly increase the content of sagerinic acid and rosmarinic acid, as well as polyhydroxylated
and polymethoxylated flavones from the water extract.

Conclusion:
Acetone precipitation is not specific for saponin, but also any phytochemicals which
have lower solubility due to the lack of hydrogen bonding in high dipole moment medium of acetone.
Gravimetric acetone precipitation had successfully profiled the phytochemicals in both highly
complex water and ethanol based crude extracts.
THE SYSTEM OF CATEGORIES OF PSYCHOLOGY AND THE CONCEPTS
OF THE INDIVIDUAL, SUBJECT OF ACTIVITY AND PERSONALITY: SOME LESSONS OF THE CONCEPTS OF KANT, FICHTE, HEGEL AND SARTRE
Authors: Shadrin Nikolay Semyonovich 
Published: June 2020

The categories of psychology are understood as the limit generalizations of various classes of psychical phenomena, including both the corresponding groups of particular concepts and the phenomena not yet subjected to final conceptual identification. They can be understood as the basic determinants of the psychic, having a socio-cultural nature (at the level of the subject of activity and personality) or bio-logical nature (at the level of the individual).
The individual, the subject of activity and the personality, not being forms of “psychic”, should nev-ertheless possess special levers of regulation (or self-regulation) of such basic determinants of psyche, as motive, image, communication and action (that indirectly assumes also regulation of all vital activity of the individual subject of life).
Not limited to the formula “personality as a transformed individual”, the author reveals the genetic continuity of the levels of the individual, the subject of activity and personality in the aspect of increasing of the degree of manifestation of the generic essence and “essential forces” of man in his individual exis-tence.
At the same time, analyzing multilevel human activity from the point of view of “spatial” paradigm (in the aspect of human integration into different spheres of living space), the author finds the key to the relative independence of these levels and to the constant transitions from one of these levels of life activ-ity to another.
The justification of the proposed provisions is given on the complex of the corresponding ideas of Kant, Fichte, Hegel and Sartre, taking into account the continuity between them.
ESTRATEGIAS Y ANÁLISIS DE LA TRADUCCIÓN EN BASE A LA TRADUCCIÓN COLECTIVA
Authors: Kissami Mbarki Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

En esta contribución intentaremos ilustrar, de forma pormenorizada, aspectos de campo en torno a las fuentes del texto original objeto de estudio, su autor, los criterios del acervo poemático seleccionado y el análisis de algunos ejemplos sobre estrategias de traducción del texto meta, a partir del ejemploemblemático de uno de los poemas traducidos. El tema de la presente comunicación girará en torno a la Traducción poética colectiva como instrumentodidáctico, dentro de la macro competencia traductora y la subcompetencia intercultural. Todo lo que se desarrolla a continuación son ideas que necesitarán ser profundizadas, matizadas y enriquecidas de cara a futuras investigaciones sobre el tema. El artículo se fundamenta sobre cuatro ejes relacionados con el poema inédito de Hussein Abdul Razzaq que escogimos como ejemplo de traducción colectiva. Recibimos dicho poema junto con una magnífica antología2 del mismo autor, publicada en 2004 por la Fundación Al Babtain de Kuwait.
Time for a Change? A Research Update and Pilot Study Results on Academic Time-Based Decision-Making
Authors: Rupar Nicholas J. , Strong David S. 
Published: June 2020

Engineering students in Canada and around the world are facing numerous challenges with their time, including absenteeism from class, surface approach to learning, and high stress levels. A research study to understand the time management habits of engineering students is ongoing and a pilot study has been completed. This paper contains an overview of the relevant background theories, the application of these theories to a new survey instrument, and the pilot study used to test and improve this instrument. The new survey instrument on time management and decision making was required as existing instruments published in the literature were considered to be flawed and inadequate for this study. The new instrument incorporates a decision-making dimension following the think-plan-do models of self-regulated learning theories. Analysis of this instrument will assume clusters, rather than factors, of time management behaviours to be the basis for grouping individuals. The pilot study was conducted on a number of self-selected graduate engineering students in November 2019. Participants filled out an online survey and then some volunteered for a think-aloud interview. Changes resultant from the pilot study analysis included question modifications, Likert scale modifications, and user experience improvements. The pilot study resulted in an overall improvement to the validity, reliability, and completeness of the survey instrument. The full study is currently being administered to undergraduate engineering students. The results will be published to help inform the manner in which time management is taught and used by engineering students.
“BREAKING DOWN BARRIERS”: DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY TO ENGINEERING TRANSFER PATHWAY IN CANADA
Authors: Adebola Titilope , Frank Brian , Downie Alexandra , Smith Hannah 
Published: June 2020

College pathways significantly improve access to engineering degrees for marginalized or underrepresented students. Although several provinces in Canada have established pathways for students wishing to move from an engineering technology diploma to an engineering degree, such as Newfoundland and Labrador, Alberta, and British Columbia, no province-wide pathway in Ontario’s higher education system exists. As a result, transfer students are faced with a myriad of challenges and limited transfer pathways due to the institution-specific and complex nature of transfer articulation agreements in Ontario. This paper reports on the development of a province-wide diploma-to-degree engineering transfer pathway in Ontario. The proposed pathway program builds upon findings from a previous qualitative research study conducted by the co-authors which highlighted key factors necessary to develop future large-scale transfer pathways. The pathway was designed with the flexibility to incorporate extant institution specific pathways, while also providing a solid foundation for the development of a pilot multi-institutional bridge program. The challenges associated with creating a streamlined transfer pathway from engineering technology to engineering are myriad, and key outcomes from this project will continue to inform the development of possible approaches to a consistent, Ontario-wide engineering transfer program.
ENGINEERING UNDERGRADUATES AND THEIR SELF-REPORTED CONFIDENCE AND PROFICIENCY LEVELS IN LIFELONG LEARNING (A12)
Authors: Marcynuk Kathryn , Parker Anne , Godavari Norma 
Published: June 2020

This paper reports on what we found when we surveyed second-year students in a Technical Communication class, once at the beginning of the semester and again at the end, and then when we surveyed two senior capstone design classes, one in Mechanical Engineering, one in Electrical and Computer Engineering, and one in Civil Engineering. In all these iterations, we asked students to indicate their levels of confidence and proficiency in their writing and speaking skills (communication skills), teamwork and personal skills development (lifelong learning). When we surveyed our second-year students, they indicated that they were only moderately confident in their communication skills (the aggregate was mostly 3 or slightly more on a scale of 5). At the end of the semester, when we asked them what they believed would be the competency level expected of them in these areas when they graduated, that number jumped to 4.5 on average. These students, however, were also decidedly more confident in their teamwork and lifelong learning skills, where the average hovered close to 3.5. On average, the capstone students were likewise confident in these areas, even slightly more so (3.87). Given the rapidity with which technical information grows and the complexity of the world around us, engineering students must be more prepared than ever to develop the drive to keep learning so that, as practicing professionals, they are equipped to maintain their competence and contribute to the advancement of knowledge.
INVESTIGATING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INSTRUCTOR EXPECTATION AND STUDENT WORKLOAD IN UNDERGRADUATE ENGINEERING
Authors: Wentling Sarah , Variawa Chirag 
Published: June 2020

For the past two years at the University of X, first-year engineering undergraduate students have been asked to fill out workload questionnaires. These questionnaires were sent to random samples of the first-year class weekly, where they were prompted to answer questions regarding how much time they devoted outside of the classroom to each particular class. Workload data for 2018 and 2019 showed upward of 30 hours of work outside of the classroom, after the first few weeks of classes once major assignments and examinations began. Evidence in the literature [1,2] suggests that university students face a shortage of time, specifically with first-year students lacking the essential time management skills to be efficient. In the present study, we aim to find a correlation between how long the first-year engineering students spend on a class each week versus how long instructors anticipate the average student would spend on their respective class. In order to do so, we examined the data gathered for 2018 and 2019 fall terms from each student for a specific class and week. Furthermore, additional relevant information will be gathered from the instructors and course coordinators to obtain an estimate on how many anticipated hours a student would have to spend on a class each week versus how long instructors anticipate the average student would spend on their respective class. In order to do so, we examined the data gathered for 2018 and 2019 fall terms from each student for a specific class and week. Furthermore, additional relevant information will be gathered from the instructors and course coordinators to obtain an estimate on how many anticipated hours a student would have to spend on their course that week, given what assessments are in that week. Through analyzing multiple courses, we expect to find a relationship that would suggest whether the hours students spend on assignments is less than, equal to, or greater than what instructors expect for first-year engineering students at University of X to spend. The outcome of this analysis would be beneficial to understand the workloads as perceived by professors and experienced by first-year engineering students. Furthermore, it can highlight potential misjudging of difficulty of each course and assignment, helping instructors to update their expectations and propose fair deadlines and grades for assessments. It can also assist program coordinators to distribute major assessments better towards a steadier and more manageable workload for the students. The students can also benefit from the findings to understand their time commitments.
A systematic literature review on Engineering Entrepreneurship Education Learning Outcomes and Assessment Tools
Authors: Cao Tate Ning. , Huang Shaobo 
Published: June 2020

Recent technological advancement is moving our society towards a more innovative and entrepreneurial one. As a result, engineering entrepreneurship education gained popularity and adoption across major education institutes worldwide. Based on a national survey done by Industry Canada, over 98% of Canadian post-secondary institutes offered at least one course in entrepreneurship. Despite this wide adoption, we believe the research on the short-term learning outcomes and assessment for engineering entrepreneur education on students is inadequate. This is often because of the lack of research in the engineering entrepreneurship and the lack of definition of engineering entrepreneurship education learning outcomes. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of 123 studies on entrepreneurship education for undergraduate engineering students in North America in the past 15 years. We examined the learning outcomes defined and desired by major entrepreneurial educational institutes in North America and the assessment methods employed to measure the student learning outcomes. We particularly focused on the alignment between desired learning outcomes and assessment methods employed to study the validity and reliability of common assessment instruments. In this paper, we report on the results of the systematic literature review, identify the strength of common assessment instruments, and then describe the process we incorporate what we learned from this review into our engineering entrepreneurship education program.
Student-centered Teaching Assistance Method for Engineering Students
Authors: Miriestahbanat Maryam , Ivari Sareh Majidi , Shayan Yousef R. 
Published: June 2020

• The student-center method is designed to address the noticeable learning demands, interests, desires, or cultural backgrounds of individual students and groups of students.• This method includes a wide variety of educational programs, learning experience, educational techniques, and academic support procedures.• In this method, teachers, schools, guidance counselors, and other educational specialists apply different educational techniques such as modifying the educational strategies in the classroom and assignments.• One example of the educational strategy in the classroom is redesigning the way in which students are grouped and taught in a class.• The student-centered method can improve independent problem-solving skills.• In this method, which is based on the constructivist learning theory, the students are participated in choosing what they will learn and how their learning will be evaluated.• Applying this technique, especially in classes with a low number of students, provides an opportunity for the students to deeply analyze the conceptual and mathematical problems through mutual communications.
The problem of environmental consciousness in the context of health security during emergency response
Authors: Pronina A. N. , Budyakova T. P. 
Published: June 2020

Relevance. There is no element that reflects the safety of environmental actors in modern concepts of environmental consciousness. This circumstance negatively affects the practice of environmental actions, for example, during cleaning household waste or taking part as volunteers in mitigating aftermath of natural emergencies.Intention. To identify aspects of environmental actions that may pose a risk to the health of students due to lack of awareness.Methodology. In 2019, 60 first-year students of Yelets State Ivan Bunin University aged 17–18 were surveyed. Their awareness of the safety of environmental activities at school age was revealed.Results and Discussion. The survey showed that the problem of safety of environmental actors is especially relevant for schoolchildren. Due to insufficient knowledge in the field of hygiene or health effects of household waste and, in general, the danger of natural emergencies, they are unprotected both in environmental and legal aspects. At the same time, due to increased suggestibility, young people readily respond to environmental calls about protecting nature. Gaps in the environmental consciousness in terms of ensuring their own safety can lead to negative consequences for students in more complex environmental circumstances, for example, emergency situations requiring the involvement of population.Conclusion. The necessity of developing regulatory documents on the safe behavior of the population involved in some environmental activities is substantiated.