bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-level evidence of an allelic hierarchy of USH2A variants in hearing, auditory processing and speech/language outcomes
Authors: Perrino Peter A. , Talbot Lidiya , Kirkland Rose , Hill Amanda , Rendall Amanda R. , Mountford Hayley S. , Taylor Jenny ,   WGS500 Consortium, Buscarello Alexzandrea N. , Lahiri Nayana , Saggar Anand , Fitch R. Holly , Newbury Dianne F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLanguage development builds upon a complex network of interacting subservient systems. It therefore follows that variations in, and subclinical disruptions of, these systems may have secondary effects on emergent language. In this paper, we consider the relationship between genetic variants, hearing, auditory processing and language development. We employ whole genome sequencing in a discovery family to target association and gene x environment interaction analyses in two large population cohorts; the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and UK10K. These investigations indicate that USH2A variants are associated with altered low-frequency sound perception which, in turn, increases the risk of developmental language disorder. We further show that Ush2a heterozygote mice have low-level hearing impairments, persistent higher-order acoustic processing deficits and altered vocalizations. These findings provide new insights into the complexity of genetic mechanisms serving language development and disorders and the relationships between developmental auditory and neural systems.
Phase-based coordination of hippocampal and neocortical oscillations during human sleep
Authors: Cox Roy , Rüber Theodor , Staresina Bernhard P. , Fell Juergen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring sleep, new memories undergo a gradual transfer from hippocampal (HPC) to neocortical (NC) sites. Precisely timed neural oscillations are thought to mediate this sleep-dependent memory consolidation, but exactly how sleep oscillations instantiate the HPC-NC dialog remains elusive. Employing overnight invasive electroencephalography in ten neurosurgical patients, we identified three broad classes of phase-based communication between HPC and lateral temporal NC. First, we observed interregional phase synchrony for non-rapid eye movement (NREM) spindles, and N2 and rapid eye movement (REM) theta activity. Second, we found asymmetrical N3 cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling between HPC slow oscillations (SOs) and NC activity spanning the delta to high-gamma/ripple bands, but not in the opposite direction. Lastly, N2 theta and NREM spindle synchrony were themselves modulated by HPC SOs. These forms of interregional communication emphasize the role of HPC SOs in the HPC-NC dialog, and may offer a physiological basis for the sleep-dependent reorganization of mnemonic content.
Age Norms for Auditory-Perceptual Neurophonetic Parameters: A Prerequisite for the Assessment of Childhood Dysarthria
Authors: Schölderle Theresa , Haas Elisabet , Ziegler Wolfram 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to collect auditory-perceptual data on established symptom categories of dysarthria from typically developing children between 3 and 9 years of age, for the purpose of creating age norms for dysarthria assessment.

Method
One hundred forty-four typically developing children (3;0–9;11 [years;months], 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. We used a computer-based game specifically designed for this study to elicit sentence repetitions and spontaneous speech samples. Speech recordings were analyzed using the auditory-perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales, a standardized German assessment tool for dysarthria in adults. The Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (scales and features) cover clinically relevant dimensions of speech and allow for an evaluation of well-established symptom categories of dysarthria.

Results
The typically developing children exhibited a number of speech characteristics overlapping with established symptom categories of dysarthria (e.g., breathy voice, frequent inspirations, reduced articulatory precision, decreased articulation rate). Substantial progress was observed between 3 and 9 years of age, but with different developmental trajectories across different dimensions. In several areas (e.g., respiration, voice quality), 9-year-olds still presented with salient developmental speech characteristics, while in other dimensions (e.g., prosodic modulation), features typically associated with dysarthria occurred only exceptionally, even in the 3-year-olds.

Conclusions
The acquisition of speech motor functions is a prolonged process not yet completed with 9 years. Various developmental influences (e.g., anatomic–physiological changes) shape children's speech specifically. Our findings are a first step toward establishing auditory-perceptual norms for dysarthria in children of kindergarten and elementary school age.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380
Gesundheitskompetenz und die Corona-Krise
Authors: Abel Thomas 
Published: April 2020

„Wir sind eine Demokratie. Wir leben nicht von Zwang, sondern von
geteiltem Wissen und Mitwirkung“

Angela Merkel, TV-Ansprache an die Nation, 18.3.2020
Wenn es um Infektionskrankheiten geht, so waren unsere Gesundheitssysteme immer
schon auf das aktive Mittun der Bevölkerung angewiesen. Die Menschen
mussten sich auch früher schon angemessen verhalten, z. B. mit
Hygienemaßnahmen im Alltag, um Infektionsketten zu unterbrechen, um
Versorgungssysteme nicht zu überlasten oder anderweitig mithelfen,
Schlimmeres zu verhindern.
Manifestation of the β-Silicon Effect in the Reactions of Unsaturated Systems Involving a 1,2-Silyl Shift
Authors: Turks Māris , Beļaunieks Rūdolfs , Puriņš Mikus 
Published: April 2020

Many chemical transformations of organosilicon compounds proceed due to the capability of silyl substituents to stabilize a positive charge in its β-position. This short review provides an overview of the present understanding of the β-silicon effect and focusses on the synthetic applications of 1,2-silyl shifts resulting from non-vertical stabilization of alkylcarbenium ions and vinyl cations. The reactions of silicon containing unsaturated starting materials, alkenes, allenes, and alkynes, involving β-silyl group stabilized cationic intermediates, transition metal carbenes, or vinylidene complexes will be discussed.1	Introduction2	Origins of the β-Silicon Effect3	Reactions of Allenylsilanes4	Reactions of Alkynes4.1	Propargylsilanes4.2	Alkynylsilanes5	Reactions of Alkenes5.1	Allylsilanes5.2	Vinylsilanes6	Conclusions
Inpatient Opioid Consumption Variability following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Analysis of 4,038 Procedures
Authors: Roof Mackenzie A. , Sullivan Connor W. , Feng James E. , Anoushiravani Afshin A. , Waren Daniel , Friedlander Scott , Lajam Claudette M. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Slover James D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examined an early iteration of an inpatient opioid administration-reporting tool, which standardized patient opioid consumption as an average daily morphine milligram equivalence per surgical encounter (MME/day/encounter) among total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recipients. The objective was to assess the variability of inpatient opioid administration rates among surgeons after implementation of a multimodal opioid sparing pain protocol. We queried the electronic medical record at our institution for patients undergoing elective primary TKA between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2018. Patient demographics, inpatient and surgical factors, and inpatient opioid administration were retrieved. Opioid consumption was converted into average MME for each postoperative day. These MME/day/encounter values were used to determine mean and variance of opioids prescribed by individual surgeons. A secondary analysis of regional inpatient opioid consumption was determined by patient zip codes. In total, 23 surgeons performed 4,038 primary TKA. The institutional average opioid dose was 46.24 ± 0.75 MME/day/encounter. Average intersurgeon (IS) opioid prescribing ranged from 17.67 to 59.15 MME/day/encounter. Intrasurgeon variability ranged between ± 1.01 and ± 7.51 MME/day/encounter. After adjusting for patient factors, the average institutional MME/day/encounter was 38.43 ± 0.42, with average IS variability ranging from 18.29 to 42.84 MME/day/encounter, and intrasurgeon variability ranging between ± 1.05 and ± 2.82 MME/day/encounter. Our results suggest that there is intrainstitutional variability in opioid administration following primary TKA even after controlling for potential patient risk factors. TKA candidates may benefit from the implementation of a more rigid standardization of multimodal pain management protocols that can control pain while minimizing the opioid burden. This is a level of evidence III, retrospective observational analysis.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Crucial Co-occurrence in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus or an Etiology of Hydrocephalic Presentation?
Authors: Onder Halil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCo-occurrences of neurodegenerative diseases in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a remarkable topic of discussion, which has been mentioned in recent studies and it was also emphasized by the International Society for Hydrocephalus and Cerebrospinal Fluid Disorder. In this report, I illustrate two remarkable cases which were initially diagnosed with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery was performed, which yielded significant improvement in the clinic of both patients in the short-term period. However, in the long-term follow-up, both of them deteriorated, and re-evaluation of the neurological examination and neuroimaging data yielded the full clinical picture of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Via the illustration of these cases and related literature data, I rediscuss some related hypotheses about the co-occurrence of these two conditions of hydrocephalus and PSP. I also suggest some distinct discussions to be clarified in future studies.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis; Rare complication after Pancreaticoduodenectemy
Authors: Jindal Satyaprakash , K. Adithya G. , Hukkeri Vachan , Madaan Varun , Vohra Sandeep , Tandon Vivek , Govil Deepak ,   Chitra
Published: April 2020

AbstractPancreaticoduodenectemy(PD) is the treatment of choice for malignant and some benign diseases of the pancreas and periampullary region. Common complications after PD include delayed gastric emptying, pancreatic fistula, anastomotic leak and intra abdominal collection. Postoperative medical complications include arrhythmia, renal failure, pulmonary complications, UTI and Deep vein thrombosis. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) thrombosis is rarely been reported after PD. There is theoretical possibility of arterial thrombosis in patient with history of vascular disease, which may precipitate after postoperative hypovolemia. SMA thrombosis is difficult to diagnose in postoperative period due to nonspecific symptoms and associated with high mortality rate up to 80-90%. Our patient was a 68 years old female with lower end cholangiocarcinoma without any other co-morbidity. She underwent PD without any intraoperative complications. Post operatively she developed SMA thrombosis. Unfortunately patient could not be salvaged and she succumbs to death.
A Case Presentation on Seizure Disorder (Epilepsy during Pregnancy)
Authors: Jeyasudha A. , Renjini B. Sree , S. Sanjana ,   Shehataz
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeizures during pregnancy complicate <1% of all gestations; however, they are associated with increased adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes (acute and long term). The differential diagnosis of seizures in pregnancy is extensive. Determining the underlying etiology is crucial in the management of these patients. Medical providers caring for pregnant women should be educated about possible etiologies of seizures during pregnancy and the importance of prompt management of these women in a timely fashion. Evaluation and management should be performed in a stepwise fashion and may require a multidisciplinary approach with other specialties such as neurology.
Objective: The objective of this article is to increase awareness and to provide a stepwise approach toward the diagnosis and management of pregnancies complicated by seizures.
A Survey to Assess the Number, Shape and Attachment of the Freni in the Maxillary and Mandibular Arches in South Indian Population
Authors: Nandita Sorte , Bhat Vinaya , Hegde Chethan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFrenum is one of the most variable anatomical structures present in the oral cavity which can be defined as a “fibrous band of tissue attached to the bone of the mandible and maxillae, and is 1. present superficial to muscle attachments.”1. In the present study, hundred individuals aged 18 to 40 years were selected randomly. The patients were examined (i) To assess the number, shape and attachment of the freni in the maxillary arch and (ii) To assess the number, shape and attachment of the freni in the mandibular arch in south Indian population. It was concluded that single labial frenum was more common in both the arches, buccal frenum in maxilla were multiple. Whereas, in mandible buccal frenum had single frenal attachment. V-shaped frenal attachment was more in the maxillary and mandibular arches exception being the lingual frenum which showed prevalence pertaining to fan shape.
Digital labour at economic margins: African workers and the global information economy
Authors: Anwar Mohammad Amir , Graham Mark 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe main aim of this briefing is to make visible the invisible and bring light to the role African workers are playing in developing key emergent and everyday digital technologies such as autonomous vehicles, machine learning systems, next-generation search engines and recommendations systems. Once we acknowledge that many contemporary digital technologies rely on a lot of human labour to drive their interfaces, we can begin to piece together what the new global division of labour for digital work looks like and build a greater socio-political response (both at the global and local scale) to make some of these value chains more transparent, ethical and rewarding.
Learning to use Cartesian coordinate systems to solve physics problems: the case of ‘movability’
Authors: Volkwyn Trevor S , Gregorcic Bor , Airey John , Linder Cedric 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we show that introductory physics students may initially conceptualise Cartesian coordinate systems as being fixed in a standard orientation. Giving consideration to the role that experiences of variation play in learning, we also present an example of how this learning challenge can be effectively addressed. Using a fine-grained analytical description, we show how students can quickly come to appreciate coordinate system movability. This was done by engaging students in a conceptual learning task that involved them working with a movable magnetometer with a printed-on set of coordinate axes to determine the direction of a constant field (Earth’s magnetic field).
Factors influencing ion energy distributions in pulsed inductively coupled argon plasmas
Authors: Chen Zhiying , Longo Roberto C , Hummel Michael , Carruth Megan , Blakeney Joel , Ventzek Peter , Ranjan Alok 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pulsed plasmas are important for the fabrication of nanoscale features. Source biasing is generally associated with the control of the ion to radical flux ratio; how the ion energy distribution function varies over a pulse period is also important. In this paper, we experimentally investigate the effect of pulse transients (i.e. power on to power off phases) on ion energy distributions during different RF source power duty cycles (99%–20%) in a compact inductively coupled argon plasma with time average RF power of 150 W at a frequency of 13.56 MHz and pressure of 20 mT (2.67 Pa). The ion energy distributions were measured by retarding field energy analyzer. With the decrease of RF power duty cycle, the increase of ion energy and energy spread is observed and ion energy distribution changes from single peaked to bi-modal. The effect of RF power duty cycle on the ion energy transition is discussed. Fluid and test particle simulations are used to illustrate the origin of features in the measured ion energy distributions. Capacitive coupling from the RF induction coils is highlighted as the origin for important features in the ion energy distributions.
Switching of plasmonic resonances in multi-gap resonators at terahertz frequencies
Authors: Li Quan , Luo Yuqi , Liu Shanshan , Li Xiuming , Wang Shuang , Chen Tai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Switching plasmonic resonance modes in metamaterials have drawn enormous attention in recent years due to its great potential in applications in electromagnetic modulation and sensing. The switching process is essentially dependent on the connection way in the gaps of the metamaterial structure. In this work, we experimentally investigate the resonance switching effect in a multi-gap metamaterial structure at terahertz frequencies. It is found that a new inductor-capacitor circuit (LC) resonance would generate if the center gaps are totally connected. By decomposing the types of the connection in the center gaps, it is found that under horizontally polarized incidences, such switching effect is attributed to the horizontal connection (HC), while the vertical connection (VC) cannot bring any change in the transmission. This characteristic is further theoretically generalized to an active modulator by replacing the metallic HC to vanadium dioxide (VO2) HC, where the dynamic switching effect is observed. The detail study in the resonance switching effect may broaden the avenues toward the control of terahertz waves and the development of modulators and sensors in the terahertz band.
A study on influence of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on green gram (Vigna radiata L.) and earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae L.)
Authors: Samrot Antony V , C SaiPriya , Selvarani A Jenifer , Subbu R Venket , Cypriyana P J Jane , Y Lavanya , Afreen R Shehanaz , P Soundarya , Priyanka R B Sherly , P Sangeetha , Varghese Reji Joseph , Kumar S Suresh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nanoparticles usage are now emerging as hazardous nanopollutants due to inappropriate usage and improper disposal. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) is a widely used nanoparticle with various applications. In this study, SPIONs was evaluated for its impact against Vigna radiata and Eudrilus eugeniae. SPIONs were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method in presence of cobalt chloride. The produced SPIONs was characterized using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), AFM (Atomic force microscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and Zeta potential. The synthesized SPIONs were crystalline and monodispersed with size ranging between 15 nm and 20 nm. The seedlings of SPIONs treated Vigna radiata were found to have reduced root and shoot growth. The bioaccumulation of iron oxide in the treated plants was confirmed by ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry) analysis and Prussian blue staining. Cellular destruction and reduced reproduction rate were found in SPIONs exposed Eudrilus eugeniae and ICP-OES analysis of earthworm samples affirmed the bioaccumulation of SPIONs.
A first-principles study on the site occupancy behavior of transition metals in L12-Al3Li phase
Authors: Gao Ming , Deng Yonghe , Wen Dadong , Zhao Heping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The main strengthening mechanism in Al-Li alloys is generally achieved by the existence of a high volume fraction of the L12-Al3Li precipitation from Al matrix. In this work, we do density functional theory (DFT) total energy calculations on the site occupancy behaviour of transition metals in L12-Al3Li compound. The ground state properties of L12-Al3Li, fcc-Al, and bcc-Li are determined and compared to the available literature data. The formation energies of intrinsic point defects in L12-Al3Li phase as well as Al3LiX alloy formation energy are calculated and identified. We show that the Li antisite is preferential to from in the L12-Al3Li phase. Finally, the site occupancy behaviour of transition metals in L12-Al3Li as well as the solute atomic volume effect on the solute site preference and lattice expansion of the L12-Al3Li have been studied, the later results can be used for an indirect estimation of the site substitution behaviour of the alloying elements in L12-Al3Li phase.
Diversifying temporal responses of magnetoactive elastomers
Authors: Tan Kai , Wen Xin , Gong Xun , Deng Qian , Shen Shengping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Magnetoactive elastomers(MAEs) are able to deform significantly in response to the application of magnetic fields. Usually, a magnetic field which is harmonic in time usually results in a harmonic mechanical response of the MAEs. To render MAEs with the ability of responding or deforming diversely or anharmonically in time, in this work, we propose a hybrid MAE which is based on a rubber matrix embedded with both soft iron particles and hard NdFeB-alloy particles. Firstly, based on the principle of minimum free energy, we establish a theoretical model to study magnetomechanical behaviors of the proposed hybrid MAEs. Then, through both theoretical and experimental studies, we show that the response of a hybrid MAE sample to the applied magnetic field is usually complex, i.e. the deformation induced by a harmonic magnetic field in time is anharmonic. At last, the effect of two main factors, the state of magnetization and the amplitude of the applied magnetic field, is studied both experimentally and theoretically. This work provides a new idea of diversifying the temporal response of MAEs to the application of harmonic magnetic fields (harmonic in time). The hybrid MAEs may serve as a complement to the recently proposed 3D-printed hard MAEs which are able to deform inhomogeneously in space in response to a uniform magnetic field.
Study on aging strengthening and nano precipitates of Cu–Ni–Mn–Fe alloy
Authors: Zou Juntao , Shi Lin , Shi Hao , Feng Qiaoli , Liang Shuhua 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic study of the precipitation strengthening mechanism in polybasic Cu–Ni–Mn–Fe alloy. The effect of aging treatment on the microstructure, morphologies and phase transition of the Cu–Ni–Mn–Fe alloy were analyzed and discussed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), respectively. The θ-MnNi precipitates with a size of 50–100 nm, mainly formed during aging, were considered as the source of the aging strengthening. In addition, there is a semi-coherent between the plane (111) of the θ-MnNi precipitates and the plane (200) of the α-Cu matrix. The density of θ-MnNi precipitates increases with the increase of the aging time. The hardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the aged alloy increase from 127 to 366HB, 217 to 788 MPa, and 433 to 842 MPa, respectively, which is attributed to precipitation strengthening.