bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Flexible and Conductive Binder with Strong Adhesion for High Performance Silicon‐Based Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Tang Ruixian , Ma Lei , Zhang Yu , Zheng Xiao , Shi Yongji , Zeng Xiangyu , Wang Xiaoyu , Wei Liangming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSilicon is considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high capacity. But the silicon anodes undergo huge volume changes during the charge and discharge process, leading to fast capacity fade of Si anodes. To solve this problem, we design a ternary polymer binder composed of poly (vinyl alcohol), poly(dopamine hydrochloride) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) for Si anodes. In this polymer composite binder, polydopamine and poly(vinyl alcohol) exhibit strong adhesion with the silicon particles and the copper foils. Additionally, poly (vinyl alcohol) compounded with poly (dopamine hydrochloride) shows high stretchability up to 243.7 %, which benefits for buffering large volume change of Si anodes during cycling. The conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly (styrene sulfonate) in this binder improves the rate performance. Using this multi‐functional binder, the Si anodes show excellent cycling stability even under high Si mass loading.
Dual‐Role Surface Modification of Layered Oxide Cathodes for High‐Power Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Ying , Feng Yuzhang , Ma Cheng , Huang Qun , Zhou Liangjun , Wang Peng , Wei Weifeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractP2‐type layered oxides have attracted extensive attentions due to their high reversible capacity and operating voltage when applied as cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the large ionic radius of Na+ and restricted 2D diffusion channels account for the inferior Na+ conductivity, limiting their practical application under large current densities. Herein, a facile dual‐role surface treatment on oxide precursors using KMnO4 solution is employed to generate K+ pillar and spinel‐like surface nanolayer in the layered oxide cathodes simultaneously. The substantial enhancement of Na kinetics is ascribed to the enlarged interlayer spacing in the lattice induced by K+ pillar and the formation of coherent spinel‐like surface structure derived from the decomposition of KMnO4, which satisfies the timely Na+ insertion/extraction and improves the rate performance. It is anticipated that this dual‐role strategy may provide a promising pathway for the development of the high‐power‐capability SIBs.
Plate meter calibrations for forage mass follow a continuum of sward basal density
Authors: Rayburn Edward 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to quantify forage mass (FM) is needed when budgeting pasture supply. Calibrated sward height is an indirect measure of FM. In a previous study, it was observed that the regression intercept and slope of forage density vs. height (FDint and FDslope, respectively) had a strong linear relation, giving rise to the hypothesis that there is a calibration continuum across pastures. This hypothesis was tested using 121 plate meter calibrations conducted across a range of plant species, defoliation managements, land resource areas, latitude, and elevation. Sward compressed height (CHt) was measured using a resting plate meter. Within calibrations, 30 to 60 paired CHt and FM samples were collected: half pre‐grazing and half post‐grazing. Within calibrations, the linear relation between CHt and forage density (FD) was calculated. Across calibrations, the linear relation between FDint and FDslope was calculated. Forage mass available for grazing (FMAG) was predicted using individual calibrations and the continuum calibration and compared with forage mass grazed (FMG) measured using pre‐ and post‐grazing clipped samples. Across calibrations, there was a strong linear relation between FDint and FDslope (R2 = 0.83). Within calibrations, predicted FMAG vs. FMG was accurate and precise. Across events, predicted FMAG using the continuum was accurate but less precise. Using the continuum to estimate FMAG provided estimates within 10% for recommended grazing heights. Factors that determine the relation between FDint and FDslope include morphology of the dominate grass, species composition, tiller size/density compensation, sward growth to optimize light interception, and tiller dynamics relative to time of year.
Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy Using Polyfunctionalised Nanoparticles Bearing Robust Gadolinium Surface Units
Authors: Chabloz Nicolas G. , Perry Hannah L. , Yoon Il‐Chul , Coulson Andrew J. , White Andrew J. P. , Stasiuk Graeme J. , Botnar René M. , Wilton‐Ely James D. E. T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA robust dithiocarbamate tether allows novel gadolinium units based on DOTAGA (q=1) to be attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (2.6–4.1 nm diameter) along with functional units offering biocompatibility, targeting and photodynamic therapy. A dramatic increase in relaxivity (r1) per Gd unit from 5.01 mm−1 s−1 in unbound form to 31.68 mm−1 s−1 (10 MHz, 37 °C) is observed when immobilised on the surface due to restricted rotation and enhanced rigidity of the Gd complex on the nanoparticle surface. The single‐step synthetic route provides a straightforward and versatile way of preparing multifunctional gold nanoparticles, including examples with conjugated zinc–tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizers. The lack of toxicity of these materials (MTT assays) is transformed on irradiation of HeLa cells for 30 minutes (PDT), leading to 75 % cell death. In addition to passive targeting, the inclusion of units capable of actively targeting overexpressed folate receptors illustrates the potential of these assemblies as targeted theranostic agents.
Functionalised N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in Bimetallic Architectures
Authors: Evans Kieren J. , Mansell Stephen M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractN‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become immensely successful ligands in coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis due to their strong terminal σ‐donor properties. However, by targeting NHC ligands with additional functionalisation, a new area of NHC coordination chemistry has developed that has enabled NHCs to be used to build up bimetallic and multimetallic architectures. This minireview covers the development of functionalised NHC ligands that incorporate additional donor sites in order to coordinate two or more metal atoms. This can be through the N‐atom of the NHC ring, through a donor group attached to the N‐atom or the carbon backbone, coordination of the π‐bond or an annulated π‐donor on the backbone, or through direct metalation of the backbone.
Process for the Preparation of Fatty Aldehydes from Renewable Resources
Authors: Johannsen Jens , Meyer Francesca , Fieg Georg , Waluga Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCommon methods for the chemical production of fatty aldehydes, widely applied as artificial flavors and fragrances, use fossil starting materials, harsh reaction conditions, and hazardous chemicals. This contribution introduces a novel, environmentally friendly process for the preparation of fatty aldehydes from the natural, renewable resource plant oil. It has successfully been shown that bringing a fatty acid into contact with zerovalent iron leads to the reduction of the fatty acid to the corresponding fatty aldehyde. In this paper, the three‐step process is presented and discussed, exemplary for the preparation of dodecylaldehyd from dodecanoate.
Urine flow analysis using double J stents of various sizes in in vitro ureter models
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Wuk , Kim Hyoung‐Ho , Choi Young Ho , Lee Seung Bae , Baba Yasutaka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA double J stent (DJS) is used to alleviate the congestion of urine in the upper urinary tract when there is ureteral stenosis, which causes the interruption of normal urine flow and results in renal failure. The purpose of placing DJSs is to ensure sufficient urine flow in the ureter, but the DJS acts as a foreign body in the urinary system and sometimes acts as an obstacle in achieving sufficient urine flow. Here, to evaluate the performance of various sizes of DJSs, 5Fr (1.666 mm) to 8Fr (2.666 mm), in the ureter, silicon ureter models without stenosis, and a circulation setup were constructed. The total flow rates (TFRs) in the stented ureters were evaluated with an in vitro experiment. The TFRs in the 5Fr DJS were larger than those in the other sizes of DJS. As the size of DJS increased, the TFR decreased. Computational fluid dynamics was also applied to validate the experimental results. It was shown that the experimental results agreed well with the numerical results.
Basicity and Electrolyte Composition Dependent Stability of Ni‐Fe‐S and Ni‐Mo Electrodes during Water Splitting
Authors: Wijten Jochem H. J. , Garcia‐Torregrosa Iván , Dijkman Eva A. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNon‐noble metal electro‐catalysts for water splitting are highly desired when we are moving towards a society where green electrons are becoming abundantly available, offering clear prospects to make our society more sustainable. In this work, Ni−Fe−S is reported as a high performing anode material for the water splitting reaction, operating at low overpotentials and showing high apparent stability. Furthermore, Ni−Mo electrodes are developed on metallic foam substrates and optimized in terms of their performance. The Ni−Fe−S material as anode, combined and integrated with Ni−Mo as cathode in a cell configuration, splits water at 10 mA cm−2 and a potential of 1.55 V. Similar to previous reports, we confirm that Mo leaches from Ni−Mo/Ni foam electrodes. Cycling tests and ICP‐AES measurements show that the stability of Ni−Fe−S is apparent, and that in reality S is leaching from the material as was already suggested in literature. We expand on this knowledge and show that the leaching of S is dependent on both pH and the cation used during electrocatalysis. Furthermore, we find that applying an oxidative potential is in truth stabilizing towards S and that the alkalinity causes leaching. S was furthermore mobile and found to segregate towards the surface. Finally, using too low pH values (11 and lower) result in the passivating hydroxide metal layers being destroyed and the Ni−Fe−S dissolving completely.
Positive‐negative DC‐DC converter using amorphous‐InGaZnO TFTs
Authors: Tiwari Bhawna , Bahubalindruni Pydi Ganga , Goes João , Barquinha Pedro 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper presents two DC‐DC converters capable of generating either positive or negative output DC voltage using amorphous‐indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). While one uses conventional diode‐connected cross‐coupled (design‐1), the other employs a bootstrapped cross‐coupled (design‐2) DC‐DC converter, which overcomes the limitations of design‐1 but requires boosted clock pulses. Therefore, an on‐chip clock booster is proposed to generate all the required signals without any external clock pulses. The performance of the proposed circuits (DC‐DC converters and clock booster) has been demonstrated using in‐house a‐IGZO TFT models in the Cadence environment. The simulation results have shown that design‐1 (design‐2) generates negative or positive output DC voltage of 7.25 V (7.8 V) or 12.7 V (15.2 V), respectively, for a supply voltage of 8 V, using a single DC‐DC converter. Therefore, the output DC voltage of design‐2 is close to the theoretical value, and it ensures robust performance against different load currents when compared with design‐1. Besides, design‐2 has shown a maximum power efficiency of 90%, superior compared with design‐1, where power efficiency is 60.7%. Therefore, this circuit finds potential applications in the next generation flexible displays.
Design of integrated all‐pass filters with linear group delay for analog signal processing applications
Authors: de França Ferreira João Alberto , Avignon‐Meseldzija Emilie , Maris Ferreira Pietro , Sarrazin Julien , Bénabès Philippe 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis article describes the design of integrated linear group delay filters for analog signal processing (ASP) applications and their implementation through constant‐resistance lattice and bridged‐T networks. Unlike previously published works, our design method uses a recursive procedure as the basis for the synthesis of a suitable transfer function. Thanks to this method, filters with a more linear group delay characteristic and flat magnitude response can be obtained. Two filters are designed in a 0.13‐μm BiCMOS technology to demonstrate the method: a balanced lattice with a negative slope and an unbalanced bridged‐T of positive slope.
Deep Learning‐Based Single‐Cell Optical Image Studies
Authors: Sun Jing , Tárnok Attila , Su Xuantao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOptical imaging technology that has the advantages of high sensitivity and cost‐effectiveness greatly promotes the progress of nondestructive single‐cell studies. Complex cellular image analysis tasks such as three‐dimensional reconstruction call for machine‐learning technology in cell optical image research. With the rapid developments of high‐throughput imaging flow cytometry, big data cell optical images are always obtained that may require machine learning for data analysis. In recent years, deep learning has been prevalent in the field of machine learning for large‐scale image processing and analysis, which brings a new dawn for single‐cell optical image studies with an explosive growth of data availability. Popular deep learning techniques offer new ideas for multimodal and multitask single‐cell optical image research. This article provides an overview of the basic knowledge of deep learning and its applications in single‐cell optical image studies. We explore the feasibility of applying deep learning techniques to single‐cell optical image analysis, where popular techniques such as transfer learning, multimodal learning, multitask learning, and end‐to‐end learning have been reviewed. Image preprocessing and deep learning model training methods are then summarized. Applications based on deep learning techniques in the field of single‐cell optical image studies are reviewed, which include image segmentation, super‐resolution image reconstruction, cell tracking, cell counting, cross‐modal image reconstruction, and design and control of cell imaging systems. In addition, deep learning in popular single‐cell optical imaging techniques such as label‐free cell optical imaging, high‐content screening, and high‐throughput optical imaging cytometry are also mentioned. Finally, the perspectives of deep learning technology for single‐cell optical image analysis are discussed. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Electrophysiological correlates of action observation treatment in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study
Authors: Quadrelli Ermanno , Anzani Anna , Ferri Matteo , Bolognini Nadia , Maravita Angelo , Zambonin Fabio , Turati Chiara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAction Observation Treatment (AOT) has been shown to be effective in the functional recovery of several clinical populations. However, little is known about the neural underpinnings of the clinical efficacy of AOT in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Using electroencephalography (EEG), we recorded µ rhythm desynchronization as an index of sensorimotor cortex modulation during a passive action observation task before and after AOT. The relationship between sensorimotor modulation and clinical outcomes was also assessed. Eight children with CP entered the present randomized controlled crossover pilot study in which the experimental AOT preceded or followed a control Videogame Observation Treatment (VOT). Results provide further evidence of the clinical efficacy of AOT for improving hand motor function in CP, as assessed with the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function Scale (MUUL). The novel finding is that AOT increases µ rhythm desynchronization at scalp locations corresponding to the hand representation areas. This effect is associated to functional improvement assessed with the MUUL. These preliminary findings, although referred to as a small sample, suggest that AOT may affect upper limb motor recovery in children with CP and modulate the activation of sensorimotor areas, offering a potential neurophysiological correlate to support the clinical utility of AOT.
Models of spatiotemporal variation in rabbit abundance reveal management hot spots for an invasive species
Authors: Brown Stuart C. , Wells Konstans , Roy‐Dufresne Emilie , Campbell Susan , Cooke Brian , Cox Tarnya , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a notorious economic and environmental pest species in its invasive range. To better understand the population and range dynamics of this species, 41 yr of abundance data have been collected from 116 unique sites across a broad range of climatic and environmental conditions in Australia. We analyzed this time series of abundance data to determine whether interannual variation in climatic conditions can be used to map historic, contemporary, and potential future fluctuations in rabbit abundance from regional to continental scales. We constructed a hierarchical Bayesian regression model of relative abundance that corrected for observation error and seasonal biases. The corrected abundances were regressed against environmental and disease variables in order to project high spatiotemporal resolution, continent‐wide rabbit abundances. We show that rabbit abundance in Australia is highly variable in space and time, being driven primarily by internnual variation in temperature and precipitation in concert with the prevalence of a non‐pathogenic virus. Moreover, we show that internnual variation in local spatial abundances can be mapped effectively at a continental scale using highly resolved spatiotemporal predictors, allowing “hot spots” of persistently high rabbit abundance to be identified. Importantly, cross‐validated model performance was fair to excellent within and across distinct climate zones. Long‐term monitoring data for invasive species can be used to map fine‐scale spatiotemporal fluctuations in abundance patterns when accurately accounting for inherent sampling biases. Our analysis provides ecologists and pest managers with a clearer understanding of the determinants of rabbit abundance in Australia, offering an important new approach for predicting spatial abundance patterns of invasive species at the near‐term temporal scales that are directly relevant to resource management.
Cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomal microRNA‐92a mediates post‐ischemic myofibroblast activation both in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Wang Xujun , Morelli Marco Bruno , Matarese Alessandro , Sardu Celestino , Santulli Gaetano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsWe hypothesize that specific microRNAs (miRNAs) within cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes play a pivotal role in the phenoconversion of cardiac myofibroblasts following myocardial infarction (MI).Methods and resultsWe used an established murine model of MI, obtained in vivo via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. We isolated adult cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, and we assessed the functional role of cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes and their molecular cargo in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. We identified and biologically validated miR‐92a as a transcriptional regulator of mothers against DPP homologues 7 (SMAD7), a known inhibitor of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), established marker of myofibroblast activation. We found that miR‐92a was significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes and in fibroblasts isolated after MI compared with SHAM conditions (n ≥ 6/group). We tested the activation of myofibroblasts by measuring the expression levels of αSMA, periostin, and collagen. Primary isolated cardiac fibroblasts were activated both when incubated with cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes isolated from ischemic cardiomyocytes and when cultured in conditioned medium of post‐MI cardiomyocytes, whereas no significant difference was observed following incubation with exosomes or medium from sham cardiomyocytes. These effects were attenuated when an inhibitor of exosome secretion, GW4869 (10 μM for 12 h) was included in the experimental setting. Through means of specific miR‐92a mimic and miR‐92a inhibitor, we also verified the mechanistic contribution of miR‐92a to the activation of cardiac fibroblasts.ConclusionsOur results indicate for the first time that miR‐92a is transferred to fibroblasts in form of exosomal cargo and is critical for cardiac myofibroblast activation.
Circulating neuregulin1‐β in heart failure with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Hage Camilla , Wärdell Eva , Linde Cecilia , Donal Erwan , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Daubert Claude , Lund Lars H. , Månsson‐Broberg Agneta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsNeuregulin1‐β (NRG1‐β) is released from microvascular endothelial cells in response to inflammation with compensatory cardioprotective effects. Circulating NRG1‐β is elevated in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but not studied in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF).Methods and resultsCirculating NRG1‐β was quantified in 86 stable patients with HFpEF (EF ≥45% and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide >300 ng/L), in 86 patients with HFrEF prior to and after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and/or heart transplantation (HTx) and in 21 healthy controls. Association between NRG1‐β and the composite outcome of all‐cause mortality/HF hospitalization in HFpEF and all‐cause mortality/HTx/LVAD implantation in HFrEF with and without ischaemia assessed as macrovascular coronary artery disease was assessed. In HFpEF, median (25th–75th percentile) NRG1‐β was 6.5 (2.1–11.3) ng/mL; in HFrEF, 3.6 (2.1–7.6) ng/mL (P = 0.035); after LVAD, 1.7 (0.9–3.6) ng/mL; after HTx 2.1 (1.4–3.6) ng/mL (overall P < 0.001); and in controls, 29.0 (23.1–34.3) ng/mL (P = 0.001). In HFrEF, higher NRG1‐β was associated with worse outcomes (hazard ratio per log increase 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04–2.03, P = 0.029), regardless of ischaemia. In HFpEF, the association of NRG1‐β with outcomes was modified by ischaemia (log‐rank P = 0.020; Pinteraction = 0.553) such that only in ischaemic patients, higher NRG1‐β was related to worse outcomes. In contrast, in patients without ischaemia, higher NRG1‐β trended towards better outcomes (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.48–1.05, P = 0.085).ConclusionsNeuregulin1‐β was reduced in HFpEF and further reduced in HFrEF. The opposing relationships of NRG1‐β with outcomes in non‐ischaemic HFpEF compared with HFrEF and ischaemic HFpEF may indicate compensatory increases of cardioprotective NRG1‐β from microvascular endothelial dysfunction in the former (non‐ischaemic HFpEF), but this compensatory mechanism is overwhelmed by the presence of ischaemia in the latter (HFrEF and ischaemic HFpEF).