bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular gas inflows and outflows in ultraluminous infrared galaxies at z ∼ 0.2 and one QSO at z = 6.1
Authors: Herrera-Camus R. , Sturm E. , Graciá-Carpio J. , Veilleux S. , Shimizu T. , Lutz D. , Stone M. , González-Alfonso E. , Davies R. , Fischer J. , Genzel R. , Maiolino R. , Sternberg A. , Tacconi L. , Verma A. 
Published: December 2019

Aims. Our aim is to search for and characterize inflows and outflows of molecular gas in four ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; LIR >  1012L⊙) at z ∼ 0.2−0.3 and one distant quasi-stellar object (QSO) at z = 6.13.
Methods. We used Herschel/PACS and ALMA Band 7 observations of the hydroxyl molecule (OH) line at rest-frame wavelength 119 μm, which in absorption can provide unambiguous evidence of inflows or outflows of molecular gas in nuclear regions of galaxies. Our study contributes to doubling the number of OH 119 μm observations of luminous systems at z ∼ 0.2−0.3, and pushes the search for molecular outflows based on the OH 119 μm transition to z ∼ 6.
Results. We detect OH 119 μm high-velocity absorption wings in three of the four ULIRGs. In two cases, IRAS F20036−1547 and IRAS F13352+6402, the blueshifted absorption profiles indicate the presence of powerful and fast (∼200−500 km s−1) molecular gas outflows. Consistent with an inside-out quenching scenario, these outflows are depleting the central reservoir of star-forming molecular gas at a rate similar to that of intense star formation activity. For the starburst-dominated system IRAS 10091+4704, we detect an inverted P Cygni profile that is unique among ULIRGs and indicates the presence of a fast (∼400 km s−1) inflow of molecular gas at a rate of ∼100 M⊙ yr−1 towards the central region. Finally, we tentatively detect (∼3σ) the OH 119 μm doublet in absorption in the z = 6.13 QSO ULAS J131911+095051. The OH 119 μm feature is blueshifted with a median velocity that suggests the presence of a molecular outflow, although characterized by a modest molecular mass loss rate of ∼200 M⊙ yr−1. This value is comparable to the small mass outflow rates found in the stacking of the [C II] spectra of other z ∼ 6 QSOs and suggests that ejective feedback in this phase of the evolution of ULAS J131911+095051 has subsided.
Conversational Therapy in Aphasia: From Behavioral Intervention to Neuromodulation
Authors: Marangolo Paola , Pisano Francesca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article describes the conversational therapy approach for the treatment of persons with aphasia (PWAs). Around 1970s, this approach was inspired by a series of pragmatic principles and techniques to aphasia rehabilitation whose main objective was to set up a condition of communicative exchange with the PWA using his/her own available communicative resources. Indeed, although language represents the most powerful behavior that humans use for communicating, within the conversational approach any intentional action (i.e., gestures, body movements, facial expression, drawing) can be used to communicate. For this reason, its application is particularly suitable for severe PWAs whose damage has compromised all the modalities of language (i.e., production, comprehension, reading, and writing). In this perspective, the speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) goal is not necessarily focused on restoring the damaged linguistic functions, still today pursued by the cognitive approach, but to ameliorate the use of language by teaching the PWA compensatory, productive strategies, and strengthening his/her residual communicative abilities. In this review, the fundamental principles of the conversational approach together with its modalities of treatment, which emphasize the importance of an active interaction between the SLP and the PWA, are reported. A brief summary of recent experimental evidence which combines conversational therapy with a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial direct current stimulation, is also included.
Neurokinin B and Neurokinin-3 Receptor Signaling: Promising Developments in the Management of Menopausal Hot Flushes
Authors: Modi Manish , Dhillo Waljit S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractVasomotor symptoms, including hot flushes and night sweats, pose a significant symptomatic burden to women undergoing menopause, and negatively impact on both their physical and psychological well-being. Management of these symptoms can be challenging, with the use of conventional hormone replacement therapy limited by duration of treatment and clinical contraindications. Recent advances in our understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive axis and thermoregulation postmenopause has helped identify a promising new therapeutic target to ameliorate hot flushes. Antagonism of the neurokinin B/neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) signaling pathway has emerged as an efficacious treatment in managing vasomotor symptoms, with evidence of rapid and sustained reduction in hot flush frequency and severity and improvements in secondary quality-of-life measures such as sleep. Within this review, we will explore the growing body of evidence supporting the use of NK3R antagonists in the management of vasomotor symptoms, and the possible utility in managing dysfunctional sex-hormone–dependent disorders and glycolipid metabolism disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Kisspeptin and Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Izzi-Engbeaya Chioma , Hill Thomas G. , Bowe James E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKisspeptin has well-established critical roles in the control of reproduction and fertility. Recently, evidence has emerged that suggests kisspeptin may have additional roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Conflicting reports on the effects of kisspeptin on insulin secretion in animal models have been published, which cannot be fully accounted for by the different kisspeptin isoforms and range of kisspeptin doses used in these studies. Human studies have demonstrated associations between circulating kisspeptin levels and measures of insulin secretion and insulin resistance; and the only published interventional study has confirmed kisspeptin enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in humans. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of kisspeptin on the pancreatic β-cell and to determine the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin receptor agonist in the treatment of disorders of glucose homeostasis.
A Tutorial on Core Lexicon: Development, Use, and Application
Authors: Kim Hana , Wright Heather Harris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvidence suggests that discourse-level assessment in aphasia should be implemented within clinical settings. However, existing discourse measures that are time and labor intensive in process prevent speech-language pathologists from applying such measures to their clinical practices. This article provides an overview of a lexicon-based analysis (core lexicon measure) that recently was developed and investigated for clinical usability. A new approach to core lexicon measures provides a simple scoring method with short instructions, which may be practical and time efficient for assessment and management of persons with aphasia. The article concludes with suggestions for clinical application and implementation.
Can Script Training Improve Narrative and Conversation in Aphasia across Etiology?
Authors: Hubbard H. Isabel , Nelson Lori A. , Richardson Jessica D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScript training is an effective treatment of stable (e.g., stroke-induced) and progressive aphasia of varying severities and subtypes. The theoretical underpinnings of script training are discussed and include fluency-inducing conditions, speech shadowing, principles of neuroplasticity, and automatization. Script training outcomes are reviewed, with a focus on discourse in persons with stable aphasia (PWSAs) and in persons with primary progressive aphasia (PWPPAs). PWSAs and PWPPAs are able to acquire and maintain short scripted monologues or conversational dialogues, with some evidence of generalization to untrained topics and settings. Advances in both technology and access have enriched script training protocols, so they now range from no-tech written script approaches to high-tech audiovisual support and avatars. Advances in audio and/or visual support promote large amounts of practice of less errorful whole-message language processing during a fluent language inducing condition. With enough practice, users decrease reliance on supports and independently produce scripted content. Script training can be delivered in a variety of settings (individual, group, telepractice), lends itself well to homework programs, and is in accordance with the principles of neuroplasticity for neurorehabilitation. Incorporating script training into therapy programming is advantageous throughout aphasia recovery following brain injuries such as stroke. It is also beneficial for persons with progressive disease for prophylaxis, remediation, and compensation. Recommendations for implementing script training in clinical practice and future research directions are presented.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Prognostic Modeling in Lung Cancer after Combining Radiomic and Clinical Features
Authors: Chufal Kundan S. , Ahmad Irfan , Pahuja Anjali K. , Miller Alexis A. , Singh Rajpal , Chowdhary Rahul L. 
Published: December 2019

Objective This study was aimed to investigate machine learning (ML) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the prognostic modeling of lung cancer, utilizing high-dimensional data.
Materials and Methods A computed tomography (CT) dataset of inoperable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients with embedded tumor segmentation and survival status, comprising 422 patients, was selected. Radiomic data extraction was performed on Computation Environment for Radiation Research (CERR). The survival probability was first determined based on clinical features only and then unsupervised ML methods. Supervised ANN modeling was performed by direct and hybrid modeling which were subsequently compared. Statistical significance was set at <0.05.
Results Survival analyses based on clinical features alone were not significant, except for gender. ML clustering performed on unselected radiomic and clinical data demonstrated a significant difference in survival (two-step cluster, median overall survival [ mOS]: 30.3 vs. 17.2 m; p = 0.03; K-means cluster, mOS: 21.1 vs. 7.3 m; p < 0.001). Direct ANN modeling yielded a better overall model accuracy utilizing multilayer perceptron (MLP) than radial basis function (RBF; 79.2 vs. 61.4%, respectively). Hybrid modeling with MLP (after feature selection with ML) resulted in an overall model accuracy of 80%. There was no difference in model accuracy after direct and hybrid modeling (p = 0.164).
Conclusion Our preliminary study supports the application of ANN in predicting outcomes based on radiomic and clinical data.
Endonasal Endoscopic Fenestration of Rathke's Cleft Cysts: Whether to Leave the Fenestration Open or Closed?
Authors: Arko Leopold , Lee Jonathan C.M. , Godil Saniya , Hanz Samuel Z. , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) are generally treated with transsphenoidal fenestration and cyst drainage. If no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is created, the fenestration can be left open. If CSF is encountered, a watertight closure must be created to prevent postoperative CSF leak, though sellar closure has theoretically been linked with higher recurrence rate. In this study, we investigate the relationship between sellar closure, rate of postoperative CSF leak, and RCC recurrence.
Methods Retrospective review of a prospective database of all endoscopic endonasal RCC fenestrations and cases were divided based on closure. The “open” group included patients who underwent fenestration of the RCC, whereas the “closed” group included patients whose RCC was treated with fat and a rigid buttress ± a nasoseptal flap. The rate of intra- and postoperative CSF leak and radiographic recurrence was determined.
Results The closed group had a higher rate of suprasellar extension (odds ratio [OR]: 8.0, p = 0.032) and intraoperative CSF leak (p ≤ 0.001). There were 54.8% intraoperative CSF leaks and no postoperative CSF leaks. Radiologic recurrence rate for the closed group (35.0%) was three times higher than the open group (9.1%; risk ratio [RR] = 3.85, p = 0.203), but not powered to show significance. None of the radiologic recurrences required reoperation.
Conclusion Maintaining a patent fenestration between an RCC and the sphenoid sinus is important in reducing the rate of radiographic recurrence. Closure of the fenestration may be required to prevent CSF leak. While closure increases the rate of radiographic recurrence, reoperation for recurrent RCC is still an uncommon event.
The fabrication of AlN by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Sun Maosong , Li Jinfeng , Zhang Jicai , Sun Wenhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) is the promising substrates material for the epitaxial growth of III-nitrides devices, such as high-power, high-frequency electronic, deep ultraviolet optoelectronics and acoustic devices. However, it is rather difficult to obtain the high quality and crack-free thick AlN wafers because of the low surface migration of Al adatoms and the large thermal and lattice mismatches between the foreign substrates and AlN. In this work, the fabrication of AlN material by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) was summarized and discussed. At last, the outlook of the production of AlN by HVPE was prospected.
Contact etch process optimization for RF process wafer edge yield improvement
Authors: Liu Zhangli , He Bingkui , Meng Fei , Bao Qiang , Sun Yuhong , Sun Shaojun , Zhou Guangwei , Cao Xiuliang , Xin Haiwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Radio-frequency (RF) process products suffer from a wafer edge low yield issue, which is induced by contact opening. A failure mechanism has been proposed that is based on the characteristics of a wafer edge film stack. The large step height at the wafer’s edge leads to worse planarization for the sparse poly-pattern region during the inter-layer dielectric (ILD) chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. A thicker bottom anti-reflect coating (BARC) layer was introduced for a sparse poly-pattern at the wafer edge region. The contact open issue was solved by increasing the break through (BT) time to get a large enough window. Well profile and resistance uniformity were obtained by contact etch recipe optimization.
Column readout circuit with improved offset mismatch and charge sharing for CMOS image sensor
Authors: Guo Zhongjie , Yu Ningmei , Wu Longsheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High linearity and low noise column readout chain are two key factors in CMOS image sensor. However, offset mismatch and charge sharing always exist in the conventional column wise readout implementation, even adopting the technology of correlated double sample. A simple column readout circuit with improved offset mismatch and charge sharing for CMOS image sensor is proposed in this paper. Based on the bottom plate sampling and fixed common level method, this novel design can avoid the offset nonuniformity between the two buffers. Also, the single buffer and switched capacitor technique can effectively suppress the charge sharing caused by the varied operating point. The proposed approach is experimentally verified in a 1024 × 1024 prototype chip designed and fabricated in 55 nm low power CMOS process. The measurement results show that the linear range is extended by 20%, the readout noise of bright and dark fields is reduced by 40% and 30% respectively, and the improved photo response nonuniformity is up to 1.16%. Finally, a raw sample image taken by the prototype sensor shows the excellent practical performance.
Simulation and application of external quantum efficiency of solar cells based on spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Guanlin , Han Can , Yan Lingling , Li Yuelong , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, a method for optical simulation of external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra of solar cells based on spectroscopy is proposed, which is based on the tested transmittance and reflectance spectra. First, to obtain a more accurate information of refractive index and extinction coefficient values, we modified the reported optical constants from the measured reflectance and transmittance spectra. The obtained optical constants of each layer were then collected to simulate the EQE spectra of the device. This method provides a simple, accurate and versatile way to obtain the actual optical constants of different layers. The EQE simulation approach was applied to the flat and textured heterojunctions with intrinsic layers (HIT) solar cells, respectively, which showed a perfect matching between the calculation results and the experimental data. Furthermore, the specific optical losses in different devices were analyzed.
Improvement of tunnel compensated quantum well infrared detector
Authors: Li Chaohui , Deng Jun , Sun Weiye , He Leilei , Li Jianjun , Han Jun , Shi Yanli 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To reduce the difficulty of the epitaxy caused by multiple quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) with tunnel compensation structure, an improved structure is proposed. In the new structure, the superlattices are located between the tunnel junction and the barrier as the infrared absorption region, eliminating the effect of doping concentration on the well width in the original structure. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the new structure are carried out. The experimental sample is a two-cycle device, each cycle contains a tunnel junction, a superlattice infrared absorption region and a thick barrier. The photosurface of the detector is 200 × 200 μm2 and the light is optically coupled by 45° oblique incidence. The results show that the optimal operating voltage of the sample is –1.1 V, the dark current is 2.99 × 10–8 A, and the blackbody detectivity is 1.352 × 108 cm·Hz1/2·W–1 at 77 K. Our experiments show that the new structure can work normally.
Minimalist analogue robot discovers animal-like walking gaits
Authors: Smith Benjamin J H , Usherwood James R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Robots based on simplified or abstracted biomechanical concepts can be a useful tool for investigating how and why animals move the way they do. In this paper we present an extremely simple quadruped robot, which is able to walk with no form of software or controller. Instead, individual leg movements are triggered directly by switches on each leg which detect leg loading and unloading. As the robot progresses, pitching and rolling movements of its body result in a gait emerging with a consistent leg movement order, despite variations in stride and stance time. This gait has similarities to the gaits used by walking primates and grazing livestock, and is close to the gait which was recently theorised to derive from animal body geometry. As well as presenting the design and construction of the robot, we present experimental measurements of the robot’s gait kinematics and ground reaction forces determined using high speed video and a pressure mat, and compare these to gait parameters of animals taken from literature. Our results support the theory that body geometry is a key determinant of animal gait at low speeds, and also demonstrate that steady state locomotion can be achieved with little to no active control.
Using out-of-sample yield forecast experiments to evaluate which earth observation products best indicate end of season maize yields
Authors: Davenport Frank M , Harrison Laura , Shukla Shraddhanand , Husak Greg , Funk Chris , McNally Amy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In East Africa, accurate grain yield predictions can help save lives and protect livelihoods. Regional grain yield forecasts can inform decisions regarding the availability and prices of key staples, food aid, and large humanitarian responses. Here, we use earth observation (EO) products to develop and evaluate subnational grain yield forecasts for 56 regions located in two severely food insecure countries: Kenya and Somalia. We identify, for a given region and time of year, which, if any, product is the best indicator for end-of-season maize yields. Our analysis seeks to inform a real-world situation in which analysts have access to multiple regularly updated EO data products, but predictive skill corresponding to each may vary across these regions and throughout the season. We find that the most accurate predictions can be made for high-producing areas, but that the relationship between production and forecast accuracy diminishes in areas with yields averaging greater than one metric ton per hectare. However, while forecast accuracy is highest in high production areas, in many of these regions, the forecast accuracy of models using EO products is not better than a set of baseline models that do not use EO products. Overall, we find that rainfall is the best indicator in low-producing regions and that other EO products work best in areas where yields are relatively consistent, but production is still limited by environmental factors.
Application of floating treatment wetlands in a highly eutrophic lake, Indonesia: a new tool for lake restoration and provision of microhabitat
Authors: Henny C , Kurniawan R , Trisuryono  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Two sets of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) have been evaluated as a tool for lake restoration and microhabitat provision for aquatic biota in a highly eutrophic and polymictic Lake Maninjau, Indonesia. Each FTW system consisted of 14 units square floating frame built using PVC pipes and palm sugar fibres as material mat transplanted onto net. All units of FTW were planted with different vegetation composition arrangement then placed inside the square metal frame attached on buoyant plastic drums to support the FTWs against the wave. The plants used in this study were Canna variegata, Vetiveria zizanioides, Cyperus papyrus, Echinodorus polaefolius and Limnocharis flava. FTWs were evaluated for 7 months for nutrient removal efficiency and other water quality indicators. Despite unstable lake conditions accompanied by strong waves and lake mixing, the cage and the PVC frame of FTWs applied remained intact and providing the buoyancy to support the plant growth. The plants in FTWs grew and adapted well in the turbulence water and even in the hypoxic conditions. Improvement of lake water quality in the FTWs area may be small but the accumulated nutrients content in the plant shoots suggests high removal of nutrients. In total by the end of observation, one FTWs system could remove > 100 g N and > 7 g P from the lake water. During field observation, important local fish and diverse wildlife activities were recorded including inhabiting, foraging, breeding, nursing and resting in the FTWs. Our study suggests that FTWs can be a promising tool for lake restoration to improve lake water quality and for microhabitat provision.