bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QSM in canine model of acute cerebral ischemia: A pilot study
Authors: Dimov Alexey V. , Christoforidis Gregory A. , Saadat Niloufar , Liu Mira M. , Jeong Yong I. , Roth Steven , Niekrasz Marek , Carroll Timothy J. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeIn the present study, we investigated the potential of QSM to assess the physiological state of cortical tissue in the middle cerebral artery occlusion canine model of a cerebral ischemia.MethodsExperiments were performed in 8 anesthetized canines. Gradient echo, perfusion, and DWI data of brains at normal and ischemic states were acquired. In the postprocessed susceptibility and quantitative cerebral blood flow maps, changes in values within the middle cerebral artery‐fed cortical territories were quantified both on the ischemic and normal contralateral hemisphere side.ResultsQSM values in critically ischemic tissue were significantly different from contralateral values—namely, susceptibility increase was observed in the cases in which cerebral perfusion was maintained above the threshold of neuronal death. Furthermore, the data indicates presence of a significant correlation between the changes in susceptibility values, cerebral perfusion, and the infarct volume and pial collateral scores. Additionally, our data suggests that difference in cortical susceptibility is prospectively indicative of the infarct growth rate.ConclusionIn an experimental permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model, QSM was shown to correlate with the functional parameters characterizing viability of ischemic tissue, thus warranting further research on its ability to provide complementary information during acute stroke MRI examinations in humans.
Symplectic‐preserving Fourier spectral scheme for space fractionalKlein–Gordon–Schrödingerequations
Authors: Wang Junjie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the paper, the symplectic‐preserving Fourier spectral scheme is presented for space fractional Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations involving fractional Laplacian. First, we validate space fractional Klein–Gordon–Schrödinger equations that can be expressed as an infinite dimension Hamiltonian system. We apply the Fourier spectral method in space, and the semi‐discrete system preserves the mass and energy conservation laws. Second, by introducing some variables, the semi‐discrete system can be expressed as a large Hamiltonian ordinary differential system. We use the midpoint rule in time to semi‐discrete system, and obtain a symplectic approximation scheme of these equations. Moreover, we can prove that the scheme is convergent. To reduce the computational cost, we introduce the splitting idea for the symplectic integrators. Finally, we give numerical experiments to show the efficiency of the scheme.
Stereoselective Syntheses of all the Possible Stereoisomers of Coronafacic Acid
Authors: Watanabe Raku , Kato Nobuki , Hayashi Kengo , Tozawa Sho , Ogura Yusuke , Kuwahara Shigefumi , Ueda Minoru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn efficient and stereoselective syntheses of all the possible stereoisomers of coronafacic acid (CFA) has been developed. The stereochemistries of C3a and C7a were controlled in a diastereoselective Diels‐Alder type cycloaddition using a chiral auxiliary. CFA and 6‐epi‐CFA were synthesized by hydrogenation of a common intermediate. During the synthesis of 6‐epi‐CFA, we established that its cis‐fused configuration is important for the introduction of C4‐C5 double bond by dehydration. This report is the first practical synthesis of both 6‐epi‐CFA, and its enantiomer.
Features and outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia at very young age: Data from the International Pediatric Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Registry
Authors: Meral Günes Adalet , Millot Frédéric , Kalwak Krzysztof , Lausen Birgitte , Sedlacek Petr , Versluys A. Birgitta , Dworzak Michael , De Moerloose Barbara , Suttorp Meinolf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare in the first two decades of life comprising only 3% of newly diagnosed pediatric and adolescent leukemias. We studied the epidemiologic and clinical features of patients with CML diagnosed at younger than 3 years of age and evaluated treatment and long‐term outcome.MethodData from the International Pediatric I‐BFM/CML Registry were retrospectively analyzed using the European LeukemiaNet criteria of the year 2006. Characteristics and treatment outcome of patients <3 years old at diagnosis were evaluated from standardized forms.ResultsTwenty‐two patients (n = 22/479; 4.6%, male/female:14/8) were enrolled with a median age of 22 months (range, 10–34 m). Major symptoms comprised asthenia (30%), fever (30%), abdominal pain (20%), extramedullary signs (14%), hemorrhage (5%), and weight loss (5%). The extramedullary signs were specified in eight children: blueberry muffin (n = 1), sudden swollen abdomen (n = 1), sustained vomiting (n = 1), and cervical and inguinal lymph nodes (n = 5). Two of five children with cervical and inguinal lymph nodes were categorized as accelerated phase. Overall, 19 of 22 (86%) children were diagnosed in chronic phase, while the remaining three patients were in advanced phase. Median follow‐up was 78 months (range, 7–196 m). Twenty‐one out of 22 patients initially received imatinib, while one child received IFN + ARA‐C. Imatinib was changed to second‐line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in 29% of cases. During follow‐up, 41% patients underwent stem cell transplantation (SCT). While on TKI, major molecular response (MMR) was achieved in 48% of children. Among the remaining patients, 21% are alive on TKI without MMR and 22% achieved complete molecular response following SCT. Twenty‐one of 22 (95%) children are alive, while one patient died of posttransplant complications.ConclusionThis report demonstrates for the first time the efficacy and long‐term effects of upfront imatinib in the so far largest cohort of children with CML diagnosed at very young age.
Maternal age in the epidemiology of common autosomal trisomies
Authors: Cuckle Howard , Morris Joan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe birth prevalence rate of each common autosomal trisomy generally increases with advancing maternal age and there is a substantial fetal loss rate between late first trimester and term. The literature is reviewed in order to provide the best estimates of these rates, taking account where possible of biases due to prenatal diagnosis and selective termination of pregnancy. There is an almost exponential increase in Down syndrome birth prevalence between ages 15 and 45 but at older ages the curve flattens. There is no evidence of the claimed relatively high birth prevalence at extremely low ages. Gestation‐specific intra‐uterine fetal loss rates are estimated by follow‐up of women declining termination of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis, comparison of observed rates with those expected from birth prevalence and comparison of age‐specific curves developed for prenatal diagnosis and birth. Down syndrome fetal loss rates reduce with gestation and increase with maternal age. Edwards and Patau syndrome birth prevalence is approximately 1/8 and 1/13 that of Down syndrome overall, although the ratio differs according to maternal age, particularly for Patau syndrome where it reduces steadily from 1/9 to 1/19. Fetal loss rates are higher for Edwards and Patau syndromes than for Down syndrome.
Validation of cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the United Kingdom
Authors: Arana Alejandro , Margulis Andrea V , Varas‐Lorenzo Cristina , Bui Christine L , Gilsenan Alicia , McQuay Lisa J , Reynolds Maria , Rebordosa Cristina , Franks Billy , de Vogel Stefan , Appenteng Kwame , Perez‐Gutthann Susana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeStrategies to identify and validate acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke in primary‐care electronic records may impact effect measures, but to an unknown extent. Additionally, the validity of cardiovascular risk factors that could act as confounders in studies on those endpoints has not been thoroughly assessed in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink's (CPRD's) GOLD database. We explored the validity of algorithms to identify cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors and evaluated different outcome‐identification strategies using these algorithms for estimation of adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs).MethodsFirst, we identified AMI, stroke, smoking, obesity, and menopausal status in a cohort treated for overactive bladder by applying computerized algorithms to primary care medical records (2004–2012). We validated these cardiovascular outcomes and risk factors with physician questionnaires (gold standard for this analysis). Second, we estimated IRRs for AMI and stroke using algorithm–identified and questionnaire–confirmed cases, comparing these with IRRs from cases identified through linkage with hospitalization/mortality data (best estimate).ResultsFor AMI, the algorithm's positive predictive value (PPV) was >90%. Initial algorithms for stroke performed less well because of inclusion of codes for prevalent stroke; algorithm refinement increased PPV to 80% but decreased sensitivity by 20%. Algorithms for smoking and obesity were considered valid. IRRs based on questionnaire‐confirmed cases only were closer to IRRs estimated from hospitalization/mortality data than IRRs from algorithm‐identified cases.ConclusionsAMI, stroke, smoking, obesity, and postmenopausal status can be accurately identified in CPRD. Physician questionnaire–validated AMI and stroke cases yield IRRs closest to the best estimate.
Implementation of a protocol‐based strategy for weaning nasal high flow therapy in preterm infants
Authors: Abobakr Marwa , Abdalla Ahmed , Barakat Tarik , Abdel‐Hady Hesham 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe compared protocolized weaning versus nonprotocolized weaning practice from nasal high flow therapy (nHFT) in preterm infants.Study designA before‐and‐ after observational study.MethodsThe study was conducted in three phases; Phase 1: infants were weaned according to usual practice for 6 months (nonprotocolized), Phase 2: education and training physicians and nursing staff for the protocol for 1 month, and Phase 3: protocol of weaning from nHFT was applied for the following 6 months with specified criteria for readiness to wean, weaning failure and weaning technique. The primary outcome was failure to wean off nHFT.ResultsOne hundred and four preterm infants were enrolled, 51 preterm infants in the protocol group and 53 in the nonprotocol group. The groups were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline. There were significantly lower number of patients who failed weaning from nHFT in the protocol group compared to nonprotocol group (4 [7.8%] versus 15 [28.3%], p = .007]. There was shorter time to reach full enteral feeding in the protocol group compared with nonprotocol group (p = .03). There were no significant differences between groups regarding other outcomes including total durations of respiratory support, nHFT and oxygen therapy, duration of nHFT after decision of weaning, and neonatal mortality and morbidity.ConclusionImplementation of a standardized protocol for weaning from nHFT in preterm infants reduced weaning failure and reduced the time to full feeds. Larger trials are recommended to detect the impact of weaning protocols on other outcomes.
Performance of NO2‐rich multifunctionalized C60 derivatives as new high‐energy‐density nanomaterials
Authors: Manafi Moghadam Maryam , Zamani Mehdi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, density functional theory (DFT) with the aid of B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) calculations was used to investigate thermochemical and energetic properties for a set of NO2‐rich multifunctionalized C60 derivatives with 2‐nitrophenyl, 4‐nitrophenyl, 2,4‐dinitrophenyl, and up to six 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl substituents for the first time. The molecular surface properties derived from electrostatic potential analysis were used to calculate enthalpies of sublimation. The gas‐phase enthalpies of formation were estimated using the isodesmic approach. The crystal densities and solid‐phase enthalpies of formation, which are the main factors for predicting detonation performance of high‐energy‐density materials, were calculated. The appropriate theoretical equations were used to predict heats of detonation, detonation velocities, and detonation pressures. It was found that the NO2‐rich multifunctionalized C60 derivatives are compounds with a large density and very high positive heat of formation. The detonation performance of molecules containing several 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl substituents is comparable to the conventional explosives such as 1,3,5‐trinitrobenzene and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene. Therefore, these compounds can be introduced as new high‐energy‐density nanomaterials.
Integral reinforcement learning‐based approximate minimum time‐energy path planning in an unknown environment
Authors: He Chenyuan , Wan Yan , Gu Yixin , Lewis Frank L. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryPath planning is a fundamental and critical task in many robotic applications. For energy‐constrained robot platforms, path planning solutions are desired with minimum time arrivals and minimal energy consumption. Uncertain environments, such as wind conditions, pose challenges to the design of effective minimum time‐energy path planning solutions. In this article, we develop a minimum time‐energy path planning solution in continuous state and control input spaces using integral reinforcement learning (IRL). To provide a baseline solution for the performance evaluation of the proposed solution, we first develop a theoretical analysis for the minimum time‐energy path planning problem in a known environment using the Pontryagin's minimum principle. We then provide an online adaptive solution in an unknown environment using IRL. This is done through transforming the minimum time‐energy problem to an approximate minimum time‐energy problem and then developing an IRL‐based optimal control strategy. Convergence of the IRL‐based optimal control strategy is proven. Simulation studies are developed to compare the theoretical analysis and the proposed IRL‐based algorithm.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel and Promising 1,2,4,4‐Tetranitropyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione for High Energy Materials Application†
Authors: Koorella Rajasekhar , Nayudu Raatalu , Gugulothu Ramkoti 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNovel high energy material 1,2,4,4‐tetranitropyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione has been synthesized from inexpensive and readily available starting material Diethyl malonate. The attractive features of the synthesis involve short synthetic route, use of inexpensive reagents. Furthermore, 1,2,4,4‐tetranitropyrazolidine‐3,5‐dione named as ACRAJONE shows excellent physical properties such as density >2.0 g cm−3, detonation velocity >9 km/s and useful for high energy materials application.
Nanosheets Decorated MoS2 Micro Balls: Effect of 1T/2H Composition
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Das Dibakar , Borse Pramod H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanosheets Decorated Micro Balls (NDMB) of MoS2 have been synthesized using hydrothermal technique for their utilization in electrocatalytic hydrogen generation. A synergetic effect of 2H and 1T phase in NDMB was found to yield efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for splitting water molecules. NDMB electrode, fabricated by immobilization over transparent conductive substrate yielded lowest tafel slope of 40 mV/dec with smallest onset potential of 90 mV vs. RHE. Superior performance of NDMB for hydrogen evolution reaction can be attributed to synergy of 1T/2H composition and high electrochemical surface area of 170 cm2 as compared to the bulk MoS2.
An Electrodeposited MXene‐Ti3C2Tx Nanosheets Functionalized by Task‐Specific Ionic Liquid for Simultaneous and Multiplexed Detection of Bladder Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Sharifuzzaman Md. , Barman Sharat Chandra , Zahed Md. Abu , Sharma Sudeep , Yoon Hyosang , Nah Joong San , Kim Hyunsik , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractControlled deposition of 2D multilayered nanomaterials onto different electrodes to design a highly sensitive biosensing platform utilizing their active inherent electrochemistry is extremely challenging. Herein, a green, facile, and cost‐effective one‐pot deposition mechanism of 2D MXene‐Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (MXNSs) onto conductive electrodes within few minutes via electroplating (termed electroMXenition) is reported for the first time. The redox reaction in the colloidal MXNS solution under the effect of a constant applied potential generates an electric field, which drives the nanoparticles toward a specific electrode interface such that they are cathodically electroplated. A task‐specific ionic liquid, that is, 4‐amino‐1‐(4‐formyl‐benzyl) pyridinium bromide (AFBPB), is exploited as a multiplex host arena for the substantial immobilization of MXNSs and covalent binding of antibodies. A miniaturized, single‐masked gold dual interdigitated microelectrode (DIDμE) is microfabricated and presented by investigating the benefit of AFBPB coated on MXNSs. The resulting MXNSs‐AFBPB‐film‐modified DIDμE biosensor exhibited a 7× higher redox current than bare electrodes owing to the uniform deposition. Using Apo‐A1 and NMP 22 as model bladder cancer analytes, this newly developed dual immunosensor demonstrated precise and large linear ranges over five orders of significance with limit of detection values as low as 0.3 and 0.7 pg mL−1, respectively.
Effect of organic matter on nitrogen removal through the anammox process
Authors: Nguyen Hanh Thi My , Tran Hoa Thi Hien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, the anammox bacterial activity is inhibited by high chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents. In this study, the effect of the COD/total nitrogen (TN) ratio and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the efficiency of the anammox process in a fixed‐bed reactor was assessed via experiments with increasing COD/TN ratios from 0 to 7.0 and different HRTs of 6, 9, and 12 hr. Felibendy cubes were used as the biomass carrier. The presence of organic compounds affects the performance of the treatment process, and the level of influence increases with the increase in influent COD. With COD greater than 300 mg/L, the anammox process was inhibited, TN efficiency was the lowest, and effluent water quality did not yield effluent standards. The kinetic parameters Umax (the maximum substrate removal rate constant) and KB (the saturation constant) of the Stover–Kincannon model corresponding to the different COD/TN ratios were determined in this study. The kinetic parameter values of the ammonium removal process decreased gradually from Umax = 0.685 g/L/day and KB = 0.846 g/L/day, for COD/TN = 0, to Umax = 0.314 g/L/day and KB = 0.498 g/L/day, for COD/TN = 6. The kinetic parameter of the TN removal process also decreased gradually as the COD/TN ratio in wastewater increased gradually. This means that the anammox process was inhibited as much as high organic compounds.Practitioner points

The higher COD/TN ratios the more anammox activity is affected, especially COD/TN = 7.0 (COD = 350 mg/L).

The tolerance threshold of anammox process about organic matter concentration is 300 mg/L as COD (COD/TN ratio <6).

With the COD/TN ratios from 1.0 to 6.0, the values of Umax and KB constants of Stover‐Kincannon model for ammonium removal by Anammox process decrease gradually from 0.685 to 0.314 and from 0.846 to 0.498, respectively.
Genome wide association studies for treatment‐related adverse effects of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Franca Raffaella , Zudeh Giulia , Lucafò Marianna , Rabusin Marco , Decorti Giuliana , Stocco Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric hematological malignancy; notwithstanding the success of ALL therapy, severe adverse drugs effects represent a serious issue in pediatric oncology, because they could be both an additional life threatening condition for ALL patients per se and a reason to therapy delay or discontinuation with important fallouts on final outcome. Cancer treatment‐related toxicities have generated a significant need of finding predictive pharmacogenomic markers for the a priori identification of at risk patients. In the era of precision medicine, high throughput genomic screening such as genome wide association studies (GWAS) might provide useful markers to tailor therapy intensity on patients' genetic profile. Furthermore, these findings could be useful in basic research for better understanding the mechanistic and regulatory pathways of the biological functions associated with ALL treatment toxicities. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of high throughput genomic screening of the last 10 years that had investigated the landscape of ALL treatment‐associated toxicities.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics
Petz reconstruction in random tensor networks
Authors: Jia Hewei Frederic , Rangamani Mukund 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We illustrate the ideas of bulk reconstruction in the context of random tensor network toy models of holography. Specifically, we demonstrate how the Petz reconstruction map works to obtain bulk operators from the boundary data by exploiting the replica trick. We also take the opportunity to comment on the differences between coarse-graining and random projections.
Size of bulk fermions in the SYK model
Authors: Lensky Yuri D. , Qi Xiao-Liang , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study of quantum gravity in the form of the holographic duality has uncovered and motivated the detailed investigation of various diagnostics of quantum chaos. One such measure is the operator size distribution, which characterizes the size of the support region of an operator and its evolution under Heisenberg evolution. In this work, we examine the role of the operator size distribution in holographic duality for the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. Using an explicit construction of AdS2 bulk fermion operators in a putative dual of the low temperature SYK model, we study the operator size distribution of the boundary and bulk fermions. Our result provides a direct derivation of the relationship between (effective) operator size of both the boundary and bulk fermions and bulk SL(2; ℝ) generators.
3D kidney organoids for bench-to-bedside translation
Authors: Gupta✉ Navin , Dilmen Emre , Morizane Ryuji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe kidneys are essential organs that filter the blood, removing urinary waste while maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Current conventional research models such as static cell cultures and animal models are insufficient to grasp the complex human in vivo situation or lack translational value. To accelerate kidney research, novel research tools are required. Recent developments have allowed the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to generate kidney organoids. Kidney organoids resemble the human kidney in vitro and can be applied in regenerative medicine and as developmental, toxicity, and disease models. Although current studies have shown great promise, challenges remain including the immaturity, limited reproducibility, and lack of perfusable vascular and collecting duct systems. This review gives an overview of our current understanding of nephrogenesis that enabled the generation of kidney organoids. Next, the potential applications of kidney organoids are discussed followed by future perspectives. This review proposes that advancement in kidney organoid research will be facilitated through our increasing knowledge on nephrogenesis and combining promising techniques such as organ-on-a-chip models.