bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable materials for bone defect repair
Authors: Wei Shuai , Ma Jian-Xiong , Xu Lai , Gu Xiao-Song , Ma Xin-Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCompared with non-degradable materials, biodegradable biomaterials play an increasingly important role in the repairing of severe bone defects, and have attracted extensive attention from researchers. In the treatment of bone defects, scaffolds made of biodegradable materials can provide a crawling bridge for new bone tissue in the gap and a platform for cells and growth factors to play a physiological role, which will eventually be degraded and absorbed in the body and be replaced by the new bone tissue. Traditional biodegradable materials include polymers, ceramics and metals, which have been used in bone defect repairing for many years. Although these materials have more or fewer shortcomings, they are still the cornerstone of our development of a new generation of degradable materials. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, in the twenty-first century, more and more kinds of new biodegradable materials emerge in endlessly, such as new intelligent micro-nano materials and cell-based products. At the same time, there are many new fabrication technologies of improving biodegradable materials, such as modular fabrication, 3D and 4D printing, interface reinforcement and nanotechnology. This review will introduce various kinds of biodegradable materials commonly used in bone defect repairing, especially the newly emerging materials and their fabrication technology in recent years, and look forward to the future research direction, hoping to provide researchers in the field with some inspiration and reference.
A theory-based multicomponent intervention to reduce occupational sedentary behaviour in professional male workers: protocol for a cluster randomised crossover pilot feasibility study
Authors: Nicolson Gail Helena , Hayes Catherine , Darker Catherine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Prolonged sitting, a significant risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality, is accumulated mostly in the workplace. There is limited research targeting specific at-risk populations to reduce occupational sedentary behaviour. A recent study found that professional males have the longest workplace sitting times. Current evidence supports the use of multi-level interventions developed using participative approaches. This study’s primary aims are to test the viability of a future definitive intervention trial using a randomised pilot study, with secondary aims to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a multicomponent intervention to reduce workplace sitting.

Methods
Two professional companies in Dublin, Ireland, will take part in a cluster randomised crossover pilot study. Office-based males will be recruited and randomised to the control or the intervention arms. The components of the intervention target multiple levels of influence including individual determinants (via mHealth technology to support behaviour change techniques), the physical work environment (via provision of an under-desk pedal machine), and the organisational structures and culture (via management consultation and recruitment to the study). The outcomes measured are recruitment and retention, minutes spent sedentary, and physical activity behaviours, work engagement, and acceptability and feasibility of the workplace intervention.

Discussion
This study will establish the acceptability and feasibility of a workplace intervention which aims to reduce workplace SB and increase PA. It will identify key methodological and implementation issues that need to be addressed prior to assessing the effectiveness of this intervention in a definitive cluster randomised controlled trial.
Changing the paradigm of bicarbonate (HCO3−) hemodialysis prescription in Portugal: a 24-month prospective study
Authors: Valério Alves Rita , Gonçalves Hernâni , Lopes Karina , Sofia Flora , Vila Lobos Ana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic acidosis is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The KDOQI guidelines therapeutic goal is pre-dialysis HCO3−≥ 22 mmol/L. The aim of the study was to evaluate an individualized HCO3−hemodialysis prescription as a preventing factor of metabolic changes.MethodsTwenty-four-month prospective study of patients on online high-flux hemodiafiltration. Every 3 months, HCO3−blood levels were analyzed and hemodialysis HCO3−was changed using the following rules:HCO3−> 30 mmol/L: reduce 4 mmol/L HCO3−HCO3−≥ 25 mmol/L: reduce 2 mmol/L HCO3−20 mmol/L < HCO3−< 25 mmol/L: no changeHCO3−≤ 20 mmol/L: increase 2 mmol/L HCO3−HCO3−< 18 mmol/L: increase 4 mmol/L HCO3−Data collected comprised demographic information, renal disease etiology, comorbidities, HD treatment information, and lab results. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.ResultsThirty-one patients were enrolled and completed the follow-up period. At baseline, average serum pH was 7.38 ± 0.06, serum HCO3−25.92 ± 1.82 mmol/L, and every patient had a 32 mmol/L dialytic HCO3−prescription. At time point 9, average serum HCO3−was 23.87 ± 1.93 mmol/L and 58% of the patients had a dialytic HCO3−prescription of 28 mmol/L. Serum HCO3−differed with statistical significance during time and approached the reference serum HCO3−(23 mmol/L) that we have defined as ideal. Through time, the HCO3−prescription deviated more from the 32 mmol/L initial prescription that was defined as standard.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the standard HCO3−prescription of 32 mmol/L should be rethought, as an individualized HCO3−prescription could be beneficial for the patient.
The needs of key-stakeholders for evaluating client’s experienced quality of home care: a qualitative approach
Authors: Haex Roy , Thoma-Lürken Theresa , Zwakhalen Sandra , Beurskens Anna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
To optimize home care, it is essential to determine how care recipients experience quality of care. Traditionally, quality of care is measured with normative quality indicators such as safety, efficiency, or prevalence rates such as falls. The growing interest for qualitative patient-reported experience measures in home care requires insight into the needs of care receivers, providers, and organizations as key-stakeholders. Each stakeholder has their own needs that are important to communicate and use to conduct thorough comparisons before implementing new experience measures. This study aims to understand the needs of clients, formal/informal caregivers, and managers/policy officers in measuring client’s experienced quality of care in home care.

Methods
Four focus group interviews and 25 semi-structured interviews with key-stakeholders were conducted and analyzed by means of content analysis. The value-proposition canvas was used as a thematic framework to explore the purpose of experience quality of care measures and related pains and gains.

Results
There were two main purposes for measuring experienced quality of care: first improving the primary care process of individual clients and second for learning and improving in home care team. Using experienced quality of care measures for external accountability and transparency on an organizational or national level were considered less relevant. Among others, participants described not having time and no clear procedure for conducting an evaluation as a pain of the current methods used to evaluate perceived quality of home care. As gains they put forward the ability to informally evaluate experiences during care delivery and to openly discuss complaints with a familiar caregiver.

Conclusions
This study advocates that home care organizations should be aware of the goal of quality of care measures. They should consider selecting experienced quality of care measures mainly for improving primary care processes of individual clients. The results also underline the relevance of adopting next to quantitative evaluations, more narrative evaluation methods which support communicating openly on care experiences, leading to concrete point-of-improvement. The findings of this study can serve as a guide for both the development or selection of adequate methods, from the perspectives of key-stakeholders, in assessing experienced quality in home care.
Longitudinal profiling of the gut microbiome in patients with psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: a multicentre, prospective, observational study
Authors: Miguens Blanco Jesus , Borghese Federica , McHugh Neil , Kelleher Peter , Sengupta Raj , Marchesi Julian R. , Abraham Sonya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin affecting 2–3% of UK population. 30% of people affected by psoriasis will develop a distinct form of arthritis within 10 years of the skin condition onset. Although the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis is still unknown, there is a genetic predisposition triggered by environmental factors. Limited but convincing evidence link the gut microbiome to psoriatic arthritis. The Microbiome in Psoriatic ARThritis (Mi-PART) study propose is to characterise the microbiome-metabolic interface in patients affected by psoriatic arthritis to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

Methods
This is a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Psoriatic arthritis (n = 65) and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 30) patients will be recruited in addition to a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 30). Patients eligibility will be evaluated against the Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index (BASDAI) and the healthy volunteers who fulfil study inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Information regarding their medical and medication history, demographics, diet and lifestyle will be collected. All the participants in the study will be asked to complete a 7-day food diary, to provide stool samples and to complete quality of life questionnaires. Routine clinical laboratory tests will be performed on blood and urine samples. Patients and healthy volunteers with gastrointestinal symptoms, previous history of cancer, gastrointestinal surgery in the previous 6 months or alcohol abuse will be excluded from the study.

Discussion
The aim of this trial is to characterise the microbiome of psoriatic arthritis patients and to compare it with microbiome of healthy volunteers and of patient with ankylosing spondylitis in order to define if different rheumatologic conditions are associated with characteristic microbiome profiles. Investigating the role of the microbiome in the development of psoriatic arthritis could deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and potentially open the way to new therapies.
Rust effector PNPi interacting with wheat TaPR1a attenuates plant defense response
Authors: Bi Weishuai , Zhao Shuqing , Zhao Jiaojie , Su Jun , Yu Xiumei , Liu Daqun , Kang Zhensheng , Wang Xiaojie , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
NPR1 is a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plant species. In our previous study, we identified a conserved fungal effector PNPi from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) that can suppress acquired resistance in local leaf by directly targeting the wheat NPR1 protein. In this investigation, we identified and validated a novel protein interaction between PNPi and wheat pathogenesis-related TaPR1a in the apoplastic space. TaPR1a-overexpressing wheat lines exhibited enhanced resistance to both Pst and Puccinia triticina (Pt). We further determined that exogenous expression of PNPi RNA in transgenic wheat lines reduced the degree of acquired resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae isolate P131 in the region adjacent to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection area. Additionally, when PNPi was overexpressed, the expression levels of two plant defense responsive genes were suppressed upon P. syringae DC3000 infection in the local infiltration region. These findings established the mechanism of a single rust effector that can suppress multiple defense responses in wheat plants by targeting different components.
Symbolic meaning and use of broad beans in traditional foods of the Mediterranean Basin and the Middle East
Authors: Pasqualone Antonella , Abdallah Ali , Summo Carmine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBroad beans (Vicia fabaL.) are rarely consumed in Northern Europe and in the USA, whereas they are constantly present in the culinary habits of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. This grain legume is characterized by interesting nutritional properties because of high levels of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and dietary fiber, coupled with a low content of saturated lipids and the presence of several bioactive compounds. However, broad beans are much more than a cheap source of nutrients. Among the oldest domesticated legumes, they have also a cultural value linked to an ancient symbolic meaning. Generally associated with funerary rituals, broad beans have also a positive significance being “dead” seeds with a regenerative capacity. This review focuses on the social symbolism of broad bean consumption and its associated rituals. Furthermore, the culinary habits related to this legume are analyzed along different Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries, from Egypt to Iran. Soups, thick gruels, and purees were found to be by far the most common culinary preparations. Using the Egyptianful medamesas a model, the study highlights a link between broad bean–based dishes in different countries, which arises from similar environmental conditions and from cultural interactions along trade routes. Enhancing the knowledge of these ethnic legume-based foods could improve the diet of Western countries by increasing the consumption of legumes.
Diagnostic performance of 3-tesla multiparametric MRI for assessment of the bladder cancer T stage and histologic grade
Authors: Badawy Mohamed , Farg Hashim , Gadelhak Basma , ElGhar Mohamed Abou , Sadeq Ahmed Galal , Borg Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Preoperative staging of urinary bladder carcinomas using TNM system is crucial in the management of bladder cancer which is determined mainly by stage and grade of tumor at diagnosis. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) for assessment of the bladder cancer T stage and histologic grade.

Results
The overall T2-WI diagnostic accuracy for the T stage was 72.3%, increased to be 87.1% for contrast-enhanced images, and 92.6% for DWI, reaching the maximum accuracy 94.5% using the combined multi-parametric MRI technique. Diagnostic accuracies of mp-MRI in differentiating superficial from muscle-invasive (91%) and organ-confined from non-organ confined tumors (92%) were superior to DW-MRI (89% and 87%), DCE-MRI (84% and 83%), and T2W-MRI (74% and 71%), respectively. The agreement between MRI findings and histopathological staging was greater in mp-MRI (k = 0.91; excellent agreement) than in DW-MRI (k = 0.77; moderate agreement), DCE-MRI (k = 0.76; substantial agreement), and T2W-MRI (k = 0.53; fair agreement).

Conclusion
Mp-MRI provides useful information for evaluating the local T stages of bladder cancer and can predict the histological grades of urinary bladder cancers with high diagnostic accuracy.
A case report of Amyand hernia—radiological diagnosis and literature review
Authors: Kathar hussain Mohamed rafi , N Kulasekeran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The hernia is defined as the protrusion of any organ or a part of it through the wall or fascia or any connective tissue which normally encloses that organ. Among the hernias, an inguinal hernia is the most common type. In the inguinal hernia, Amyand hernia is one of the rare types, in which the appendix will herniate through the inguinal canal. The incidence of Amyand hernia is less than 1% (Namdev et al., Int Surg J 7:2072, 2020).

Case presentation
We are reporting a case of Amyand hernia, which was diagnosed incidentally in the patient who had been referred to computerized tomography (CT) for a malignant melanoma metastasis screening. Our case is unique in that pre-operative diagnosis of the Amyand hernia is rarely reported in the literature. We can diagnose the type 1 Amyand hernia with utmost confidence.

Conclusion
Pre-operative diagnosis of type 1 Amyand hernia can be made with utmost certainty by CT.
Effect of eradication of HCV infection by direct-acting antivirals in diabetic HCV-infected patients as regards glycemic control
Authors: El Badry Mohamed Mohei , Ali Doaa Abdelhady , Eltaweel Noha Hamdy , Abdel-Wahed Marwa A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
A burden of data suggests that insulin signaling could be impaired with hepatitis C virus infection, and this boost the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond and in addition to the histological effect on the associated liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels before and after therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in HCV-diabetic patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) at Aswan Fever Hospital. This prospective study was conducted at the Viral Hepatitis Treatment Center, Aswan Fever Hospital, Aswan, Egypt, between November 2017 and May 2018. A total of 85 randomly selected diabetic patients (type 2 diabetes mellitus) with chronic HCV infection were received sofosbuvir and daclatasvir as a dual therapy for 3 months, then followed up for week 12 after the end of DAA therapy, Changes in the levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured at baseline then 12 weeks after the end of treatment with DAAs.

Results
Thirty-two patients (37.6%) showed a significant glycemic improvement after receiving DAAs therapy; in the form of > 1% reduction in HbA1c level (p value < 0.001). Their baseline mean HbA1c level was 7.98 ± 0.62% which was significantly improved 12 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR) to reach a level of 6.88 ± 0.81%. Meanwhile, 53 patients (62.4%) had a baseline mean HbA1c of 8.24 ± 0.64% and a post-treatment mean HbA1c level of 8.34 ± 0.61% (p value = 0.083).

Conclusion
DAAs-based eradication of HCV is associated with improved glycemic control in 37.6% of patients with diabetes as evidenced by a significant reduction of mean HbA1c.
Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide correlates with HRCT findings in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease
Authors: Hieba Ezzelregal G. , Shaimaa Eldiasty E. , Dina Sheha S. , Noha Ahmed O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide correlates with HRCT findings in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease.

Background
Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) affect the alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest is the gold standard modality for diagnosing DPLD. Pulmonary function tests usually show a restrictive defect in spirometry. Single breath diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO-SB) technique is used to assess the diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, as there is thickening of the alveolar membrane and diminished total lung capacity due to interstitial processes with severe decline in the transfer factor. The aim of this work was to correlate between Warrick’s HRCT fibrosis score and DLCO-SB in DPLD and to assess the possibility of using DLCO as an only tool to follow up DPLD to avoid repeated radiation exposure of the patients in HRCT chest (decrease need for radiological follow-up) or vice versa.

Results
This work recruited 89 patients over a period of 10 months duration, 74.2% of them were females. The Warrick’s score, ground-glass opacity, irregular pleural margin, subpleural cyst, honeycombing, and septal and subpleural lines were represented as 96.6%, 70.8%, 55.1%, 49.4%, and 48.3% respectively in HRCT of DPLD. Warrick’s score and its subscores (severity score, extent score, alveolitis score, and fibrosis score) were associated with a highly significant decrease in different pulmonary function indices (FVC, FEV1, TLC, and DLCO) with P value 0.001. A highly significant correlation between DLCO grades and total score grades was found with P value 0.001, and 86.8% of the patients with severe DLCO affection showed severe degree of total fibrosis score.

Conclusions
Both DLCO-SB and HRCT fibrosis scores were significantly correlated. Lifelong follow-up of function and structure of the lung in DPLD is needed by HRCT and DLCO. In an attempt to minimize repeated radiation exposure and reduce cost, we suggest DLCO to be used alone for longer follow-up periods rather than HRCT chest.
Integrin-Src-YAP1 signaling mediates the melanoma acquired resistance to MAPK and PI3K/mTOR dual targeted therapy
Authors: Yu Chune , Zhang Min , Song Jinen , Zheng Xiaobo , Xu Guangchao , Bao Yu , Lan Jiang , Luo Dan , Hu Jianping , Li Jingyi Jessica , Shi Hubing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Activation of PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most recurrent resistant mechanisms for BRAF-targeted therapy, and the combination of MAPK and PI3K/AKT inhibitors becomes one of the most promising regimens for BRAF-targeted relapsed melanoma patients. Although the potent drug efficacy was observed in preclinical experiments and early clinical trials, the dual-drug resistance is inevitable observed. In this study, we systematically explored the mechanisms of dual-drug resistance to MAPKi and PI3K/mTORi in melanoma. With transcriptomic dissection of dual-drug resistant models, we identified that the drug tolerance was mediated by ECM-integrins α3β1 and α11β1 signaling. Upon binding ECM, the integrins activated downstream kinase Src rather than FAK, WNT, or TGFβ. Knockdown of integrins α3, α11, and β1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of dual-drug resistant sublines while with trivial effects on parental cells. Although Src inhibition suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT, c-JUN, and p38, none of inhibitors targeting these kinases reversed the dual-drug resistance in model cells. Notably, Src inhibitor promoted the phosphorylations of LATS1 and YAP1, subsequently, re-localized YAP1 from nucleus to cytosol facilitating further degradation. Both small molecule inhibitors and shRNAs targeting YAP1 or Src overcame the MAPKi and PI3K/mTORi dual-drug resistance. In conclusion, our data not only illuminated an integrin-Src-YAP1 pathway mediated MAPKi and PI3K/mTORi dual-drug resistant mechanism but also provided a potential combinatorial regimen for the drug-relapsed melanoma patients.