bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bird species assemblages in railway stations: variations along an urban-rural gradient
Authors: Chakraborty Anupam , Das Sayan , Ash Anirban , Saha Goutam K. , Aditya Gautam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The transportation infrastructures like railway tracks and roads bear negative impacts on natural environment. However, the opposite effects are also true in some instances where the man-made constructions have positive effect on faunal assemblages. This proposition was justified through the assessment of bird species using railway stations as model man-made structures in an urban-rural gradient, in the suburbs of Kolkata, India. During the entire study period along nine different railway stations, a total of 43 bird species belonging to 12 orders and 26 families were observed. Among these, the order Passeriformes was predominant in its species composition having 18 different species from 11 different families. In urban railway stations, a total of 23 bird species under 22 genera and 14 families were observed. In suburban railway stations, a total of 35 bird species under 32 genera and 22 families were documented. The railway stations from rural region showed the maximum number of species and abundance of bird families, where a total of 36 bird species under 32 genera and 23 families were observed. The railway stations from the suburban and rural regions were more similar in species composition. Irrespective of the locations, during the entire study period, the House Crow (Corvus splendens) was the dominant species followed by the Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis). About 18 bird species exhibited a decreasing population trend observed through the global population trend analysis. In all the railway stations, the abundance of omnivores were dominant while, the number of granivores were higher in the rural regions and the nectarivores were absent in the urban regions. It was apparent that the railway stations bear a positive effect on the bird species assemblages, which can be sustained through proper environmental management planning inclusive of urban greening.
The Novel Solution for Acid Whey Permeate Application in Animal Feeding
Authors: Lakstina Jana , Aboltina Inese , Vanaga Liga , Ciprovica Inga , Jonkus Daina , Zagorska Jelena , Cinkmanis Ingmars 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The experiment was conducted to analyse the effect of fermented acid whey permeate on milk yield and composition in the lactating cows. Propionic acid bacteria and their metabolites have been used in the lactating cows feeding over decades, primarily to improve growth performance, feed conversation and milk production efficiency. Two groups of the lactating cows were arranged in the study: control group (n=50) and experimental group (n=50). Experimental group’s animals received 0.5 L of fermented whey permeate daily. Acid whey permeate was inoculated with the freeze-dried PS-4 (Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii, Chr.Hansen, Denmark) starter and fermented anaerobically for 48 hours at 20±2 oC. Fat, protein, lactose and total solids concentration in acid whey permeate and fermented acid whey permeate was analysed by the standard methods, but propionic acid was detected by HPLC. Milk composition and quality indices were determined at the beginning of the study and each month during 6 months period. At the end of the study the feeding of fermented acid whey permeate was stopped, but milk composition and quality data were monitored additionally after one month. Milk fat, protein, lactose, total solids, urea concentration and somatic cell count were analysed by a near infrared spectroscopy.
The variability in milk composition and quality data across trial was greater in the experiment group than in the control. Milk fat and somatic cell count were significantly different (p<0.05) than other studied parameters in the experimental group cows’ milk. Milk yield and lactose concentration were tended to increase during feeding of fermented acid whey permeate in the lactating cows without significant differences between control and experimental groups. Fermented acid whey permeate as feed supplement improves energy metabolism for dairy cows which results in the higher milk yield and fat concentration.
Urban and Rural Local Action Groups in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Authors: Panciszko Barbara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article will analyse which areas rural and urban Local Action Groups (LAGs) in the Kuy-avian-Pomeranian Voivodeship function in. The thesis of this research is : LAGs are a bottom-up tool for local management. The first part presents the main assumptions of public management approaches and shows the LEADER approach and Community-Led Local Development as a form of bottom up approach in the process of public management on the local level. Then comparison analysis between rural and urban LAGs will take places. Similarities and differences were identified in the legal framework of their existence, the actors who create them, the possibility of receiving EU financial support and within the e fields of their activities. These were all analysed, along with financial activities implemented in the rural and urban LAGs in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship through 2014–2020.
Effect of Solar Tracking on the Economic Viability of a Large-Scale PV Power Plant
Authors: Agyekum Ephraim Bonah , Afornu Bright Kwame , Ansah Michael Nii Sanka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper evaluated the economic potential of three different photovoltaic energy technologies at a selected site, Wa, in the Upper West region of Ghana. The cost of energy and net present value metrics were used to ascertain the cost-effectiveness of these technologies (fixed, single and double axis tracker systems). From the analysis, all three technologies are economically viable at the selected site, however, a sensitivity analysis shows that the fixed axis tracker is unviable at a discount rate above 2 % whiles that of the single and double axis power plants also become impracticable at a discount rate above 6 % using the financial input parameters adopted for the study. This is an indication that, even though the selected site may have the required solar radiation for the development of large-scale PV power plant, there is the need to create the necessary conducive financial environment to enable such projects to become viable. The double axis tracking system was identified as the optimum system that should be deployed at the selected site to get the best in terms of affordability of electricity to consumers and equity payback.
Proposal for Prioritizing the Retrofitting of Residential Buildings in Energy Poverty Circumstances
Authors: Perez-Bezos Silvia , Grijalba Olatz , Irulegi Olatz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The energy poverty derived from socio-economic imbalances affects mostly households with fewer economic resources, being social housing complexes one of the most vulnerable sectors. The insufficient access to energy and the incapability to maintain dwellings at an adequate temperature can have negative impact on people’s health due to the prolonged exposure to poor hygrothermal conditions. Therefore, the prioritization of building retrofitting actions must be carried out regarding the actual state of the housing and the family economy. This paper proposes the definition of a prioritization map that gave a general knowledge of the energy vulnerability situation of the existing building stock. To this end, the dwelling’s energy performance is analysed, focusing on the correlation among its characteristics and the energy vulnerability of its inhabitants. In this way, dwellings with high energy poverty potential are identified in order to develop different energy retrofitting strategies. By applying this method to 14 case studies of social housing in Bilbao, Spain, it was obtained a prioritization map with six levels of vulnerability that can serve as a tool for public entities to design their future strategies. It has been proven that building compactness and year of construction are important factors with a great impact on the heating demand and final consumption in dwellings. Acknowledging the vulnerability context of the building stock eases the decision-making process and the definition of intervention guidelines, prioritizing those in a situation of greater vulnerability.
Potential of Circular Design in Estonian SMEs and their Capacity to Push it
Authors: Vihma Markus , Moora Harri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While the capacities of larger enterprises enable them to adopt new circular design approaches and business models, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are also increasingly aware of the benefits of closing loops and improving resource efficiency. The SMEs in Estonia are confronted with several obstacles that hinder their circular design related actions. The organizational capacity and capability play a significant role in small businesses when developing concrete solutions for the circular economy, integrate those principles into their strategy and product development process and sustain those efforts. This paper aims to explore the SMEs’ circular design capacity and capability for adopting new approaches in traditional small manufacturing companies who have a product-oriented focus and follow the dominant linear economy business strategy in Estonia. The circular design assessment method was developed to analyse a company’s current status of circularity and evaluate the level of eco/circular design capacity. The results of the study show that the critical dimensions that are crucial for SMEs’ ability to successfully perform circular design are related to their business strategy and planning, owners/manages leadership as well as ability to learn and cooperate and create relationships with external entities for internal dissemination.
Blockchain for LBG Maritime Energy Contracting and Value Chain Management: A Green Shipping Business Model for Seaports
Authors: Philipp Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To reduce emissions in the maritime transport sector, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) follows a global clean shipping strategy. Among the different directives of IMO, currently especially the sulphur emission regulations pose challenges for the shipping industry. Related to this are the established Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECAs) and the introduced global sulphur cap. To comply with the sulphur restrictions, according to the present technological state of the art, ship-owners have three options for their existing fleet: the installation of emission abatement technologies, the switch to low sulphur fuels, or retrofitting for the usage of alternative fuels. Regardless which option is favoured, most often selected solutions still depend on fossil fuels. The reasons for this can be traced back to the fact that supply of biofuels is not ensured in ports and generally seen as no profitable solution. This paper develops and examines an innovative business model with a special focus on liquefied biogas (LBG). The study bases on collected qualitative and quantitative data, which was used by applying the Business Model Canvas. The results will highlight that the business model bears the potential to promote LBG supply. Next to this, the research will show that blockchain and smart contracts are able to foster the implementation of the business model and optimisation of value chain operations. Lastly, economic advantages were highlighted within a case study that refers to the seaport Karlskrona in Sweden and the RoPax ferries from Stena Line that travel back and forth to Gdynia seaport in Poland.
Method of Predicting Necking True Stress in a Thin-Walled Tube Under a Complex Stress State
Authors: Halyna Kozbur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Method of predicting the strength of thin-walled tubes under a complex stress state, taking into account changes in the initial dimensions, is proposed. Uniform plastic deformation of a thin-walled tube under short-term static load by internal pressure and axial tension is considered. The tube material is considered to be homogeneous, isotropic and incompressible. The principle of maximum load is used to derive analytical dependences. The main decisions and conclusions were made using the Considere scheme.
Reduction of Crankshaft Stress By Using of the Torsional Vibration Damper
Authors: Michal Milata , Miloš Musil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the stress analysis of crankshaft of a 4- cylinder internal combustion engine. The crankshaft is during its operation subjected to static and dynamic load. High frequency dynamic cyclic loading can lead to material fatigue and eventually fracture. To reduce this dynamic loading a new type of torsional vibration damper built in the crankshaft counterweight will be analyzed with the use of numerical simulation. After defining boundary conditions and applying loads, Von Mises stress analysis will be performed using the finite element method.
Factors Affecting Measurements of IOP Using Non-Contact Eye Tonometer
Authors: Jan Rybář , Branislav Hučko , Stanislav Ďuriš , Peter Pavlásek , Miroslav Chytil , Alena Furdová , Pavol Veselý 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The objective measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) represents the identification of the symptoms of some diseases, e.g. glaucoma. This objective measurement can only be achieved by correct calibration of tonometers. Today, there is no uniform methodology for this calibration. Therefore, we introduce potential sources of error and try to quantify their contributions in this paper. Subsequently, a calibration standard containing an artificial cornea with similar properties to the human one should be designed.
Using of Recycled Materials to Protect the Working and Natural Environment by Reducing Noise and Vibration
Authors: Stanislav Žiaran , Ľubomír Šooš , Ondrej Chlebo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of the article is to define the conditions for the use of recycled resilient materials in the reduction of noise and vibration as an integral part of the mounting and installation of mechanical systems in the work and natural environment. Based on the frequency spectrum, the vibro-isolation efficiency of the vibro-isolators and the viscoelastic materials used is analysed. The solution of this problem is based on the theoretical knowledge and methodology of the transmission of vibration-sound waves. The measurements of the vibration at the sources and along the path of transmission were performed for different recycled materials to compare experimental results with theory.
Rewitalizacja w miastach tracących funkcje społeczno-gospodarcze – przegląd działań
Authors: Ziółkowska Marta , Kudłacz Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstraktW celu zobrazowania stanu rewitalizacji prowadzonej przez polskie miasta, w szczególności ośrodki średnie tracące funkcje społeczno-gospodarcze, pod uwagę należy wziąć pełen wachlarz przedsięwzięć zaplanowanych do realizacji w sporządzonych programach rewitalizacji. Analiza rodzaju projektów, ich kosztochłonności oraz źródeł finansowania pozwala na określenie prawdziwego charakteru i wymiaru tego procesu w skali krajowej, ale także na ocenę stopnia wykonalności planowanych zadań. Zrealizowane do tej pory projekty i nowe prawodawstwo warunkują nakreślenie dalszych kierunków i priorytetów w zakresie polityki rewitalizacyjnej prowadzonej w szczególności w miastach, które na skutek przemian ustrojowych i gospodarczych utraciły swoje dotychczasowe funkcje i zmagają się z procesem depopulacji.
An Investigation on the Share of Rural and Urban Households’ Expenditure as A Basis to Determine Economic Policies for Iran
Authors: Izadi Hamidreza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many countries implement plans and programs whose purpose is low-income class protection and increase the purchasing power in order to eradicate poverty. The most common plan is the subsidies payment for consumption of deficits. Governments provide inexpensive goods and services and help to make price stability for necessities by applying policy in consumption sector. This research studies consumption expenditure shares in rural and urban households according to the importance of this issue and accordingly expenditure shares are rated and it is the basis of targeting subsidy policy. This article by use the MICROFIT program (ARDL method, 42 observations used for estimation from 1977 to 2019), tries to survey the short and long-term relationship, the dynamic relationship of short-term trend toward long-term equilibrium, diagnostic and structural break tests for the variables and the household costs function. According to the results of statistic tests, the model presented the best possible status of classic hypotheses and statistics and therefore confirm the relationship and co-integration between the variable of cost function and finally, structural stability is accepted. By comparing the urban household costs, according to the results we can say that the food is ranked among the goods with low rank, therefore, targeting the subsidies is less important than the rest of the cost. Also, the cost share of clothing goods is totally high for households and in urban households’ expenditures, the cost share of these goods is higher than the rest, so these costs play an important role in targeting the subsidies and should be taken into consideration. By comparing the rural household costs, we can say, the contribution of educational, cultural and recreational services costs for rural households is high and thus the share of the allocated expenditures for such goods is higher than the rest. Therefore, these costs play an important role in targeting the subsidies and should be taken into consideration. Finally, targeting subsidy helps government to arrange subsidy rate of different goods correctly. and give the most to low income classes to boost social welfare. Result show that targeting subsidy in rural and urban is different because of different expenditures share in household budget, and the same economics policy for these two household types is not correct.
Survival rate of cervical cancer from a study conducted in India
Authors: Balasubramaniam Ganesh , Gaidhani Rajshree H. , Khan Arshi , Saoba Sushama , Mahantshetty Umesh , Maheshwari Amita 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer in the world are 13.1/105 and 6.9/105, respectively. In India, it is estimated that there are 96,922 new cervical cancer cases and 60,078 deaths and ranked second among women cancers. The incidence and mortality rates are 14.7/105 and 9.2/105, respectively, although the incidence varies within Indian population. The majority of these cervical patients report at a late-stage of disease in health-care facility due to lack of awareness. A premier tertiary cancer hospital in Mumbai conducted the present survival-study. The aim of the study was to assess the various factors that determine the survival outcomes by age at diagnosis, role of comorbidities, stage of disease, and treatment.

Material and Methods:
The main source of information was patients’ medical records from which the data were abstracted, and active follow-up was undertaken. 1678 cases diagnosed between the years 2006 and 2008 at Tata Memorial Hospital are analyzed using actuarial method for obtaining survival rates and log-rank tests for comparison of survival groups.

Results:
The 5-year survival rate was 76.0% for those aged ≤50 years, 73.3% for non-residents, 74.4% for literates, and 81.8% for Christians and 72.5% for those with squamous cell carcinoma histology; those with no comorbidities had marginally better survival than their counter-parts. The survival rates were 83.5%, 80.6%, 66.0%, and 37.1% for Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV, respectively. The best survival outcomes were for those treated with only surgery (95.6%), or in combination with either radiotherapy (90.6%) or with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (85.5%). Involvement of either nodes/sites had poorer survival than those with no-involvement. In the multivariate analysis, only stage of the disease emerged as a significant prognosis factor.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that younger patients, early stage of disease, non-involvement of any sites/ nodes, and radiotherapy either alone or in combination with other treatment type provided better outcomes. Early detection and prevention strategies are keys to obtain better outcomes.
Subdural fluid accumulation caused by ventriculoperitoneal shunt underdrainage: A rare and paradoxical complication
Authors: Prieto Ruth , Soriano Matias Cea , Ortega Celia , Kalantari Teresa , Rabanal Alberto Pueyo 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Subdural fluid collection in patients with internal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts has generally been linked to overdrainage and more rarely to pus accumulation. The authors present a previously unrecognized condition leading to extra-axial CSF accumulation: shunt underdrainage. Treatment of coexisting subdural fluid collection and hydrocephalus, disorders that have previously only been reported concurrently following head trauma or subarachnoid hemorrhage, is controversial. In addition, we intend to provide insight into the physiopathology of abnormal CSF accumulation within both the subdural space and ventricles simultaneously.

Case Description:
A 42-year-old female with a history of hypothalamic glioma and obstructive hydrocephalus during childhood presented with headache, vomiting, and gait disturbance. Following the insertion of her first ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) by the age of 8, she underwent several surgeries due to shunt failure, all of them associating ventriculomegaly. Ventricles remained notably enlarged following insertion of her most recent VPS, and the computed tomography scan performed 2 months later at her admission showed a large subdural collection. Afterward, a malpositioned distal catheter causing shunt blockage was confirmed. Both, the subdural accumulation and hydrocephalus, were resolved following adequate placement of the peritoneal catheter.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates that subdural fluid accumulations may occur following VPS underdrainage with hydrocephalus. Development of such extra-axial collection was probably caused by pressure related to CSF spillage from the ventricles into the subdural space. Our case also supports that a mass-effect subdural accumulation with hydrocephalus can be satisfactorily treated with adequate VPS alone, without directly treating the subdural collection.