bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation and influence of blood loss under endoscope for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD): a clinical observational study combined with in-vitro experiment
Authors: Sun DongDong , Lv Dan , Wu Wei Zhou , Ren HeFei , Bao BuHe , Liu Qun , Sun MingLin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to come up with new methods to quantitate the blood loss under endoscope and explore the influence of blood loss on percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). Methods: Clinical research and in-vitro experiment are combined. In the in-vitro experiment, 2.0 ml blood was diluted in different ratio to simulate the rinse solution of PELD, the hematocrit method (HCT-M) and red blood cell count method (RBC-M) were came up to estimate blood loss and the new methods were calibrated with the directly measurement method (Direct-M). In clinical research, 74 patients with L5/S1 disc herniation were treated with PELD, HCT-M and the empirical method (EMP-M) were used to estimate the blood loss under endoscope. According to blood loss, all patients were divided into group A (≤10 ml) and group B (>10 ml). The blood loss, operation time, fluoroscopy frequency, visual analog scale (VAS) and oswestry disability index (ODI) scores were compared between the two groups. Results: In the in-vitro experiment, the hematocrit of the rinse solution was always stable over time. The estimated blood loss by HCT-M was stable and quite approximate to actual blood volume (2.0 ml) whatever the blood dilution ratio, while according to RBC-M, the estimated blood loss was close to the actual blood volume only when the dilution ratio was greater than 300 times. In clinical research, the blood loss estimated by HCT-M was higher than that by EMP-M in both groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between group A and group B in blood loss (7.40±1.61 vs 19.91±10.94 ml), operation time (80.51±34.70 vs 136.51±41.88 min), and fluoroscopy frequency (6.92±1.52 vs 11.11±2.32 times) (P<0.05). The VAS and ODI scores in group B were higher than that in group A 1 week after operation (P<0.05), however the scores were not different between the two groups at pre-operation (P>0.05). Conclusion: HCT-M is a reliable method to estimate endoscopic blood loss in PELD. The amount of endoscopic blood loss affects the operative procedure in operation time and fluoroscopy frequency, as well as clinical effects in VAS and ODI scores after operation in short-term
Comparison transcriptome analysis revealed resistance differences of Cavendish bananas to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race1 and race4
Authors: Dong Honghong , Ye Yiting , Guo Yongyi , Li Huaping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Banana Fusarium wilt is a devastating disease of bananas caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) and is a serious threat to the global banana industry. Knowledge of the pathogenic molecular mechanism and interaction between the host and Foc is limited. Results: In this study, we confirmed the changes of gene expression and pathways in the Cavendish banana variety ‘Brazilian’ during early infection with Foc1 and Foc4 by comparative transcriptomics analysis. 1862 and 226 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in ‘Brazilian’ roots at 48 h after inoculation with Foc1 and Foc4, respectively. After Foc1 infection, lignin and flavonoid synthesis pathways were enriched. Glucosinolates, alkaloid-like compounds and terpenoids were accumulated. Numerous hormonal- and receptor-like kinase (RLK) related genes were differentially expressed. However, after Foc4 infection, the changes in these pathways and gene expression were almost unaffected or weakly affected. Furthermore, the DEGs involved in biological stress-related pathways also significantly differed after infection within two Foc races. The DEGs participating in phenylpropanoid metabolism and cell wall modification were also differentially expressed. By measuring the expression patterns of genes associated with disease defense, we found that five genes that can cause hypersensitive cell death were up-regulated after Foc1 infection. Therefore, the immune responses of the plant may occur at this stage of infection. Conclusion: Results of this study contribute to the elucidation of the interaction between banana plants and Foc and to the development of measures to prevent banana Fusarium wilt.
A small improvement: small cities lag in expanding household water coverage across urban India
Authors: Subramanyam Nidhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates how progress towards meeting the sustainable development goal of providing universal and equitable access to drinking water for all is distributed across the spectrum of urban settlements. The study measures how urban local governments (N = 3,547) in a rapidly urbanizing country, India, have increased their coverage of water supply to households between 2001 and 2011. I use theories on multilevel governance of urban services to develop a multilevel linear regression to model the city- and state-level factors associated with growth in water supply coverage. The results show that 68% of cities and towns have recorded water coverage growth, but the extent of this progress is unequally distributed across cities in different states and between cities of different sizes. Small cities and towns, which house over two-thirds of India's urban population, have recorded significantly lower water coverage growth rates as have cities in low-income states. These findings suggest that policies for urban water infrastructure development should focus on smaller cities and towns if we are to achieve spatial equity in access to water for all in an increasingly urban world.
PENGEMBANGAN METODE ANALISIS PARAMETER MINYAK DAN LEMAK PADA CONTOH UJI AIR
Authors: Sunardi Setyani Hardiani , Mukimin Aris 
Published: April 2020

Minyak dan lemak merupakan parameter yang konsentrasi maksimumnya dipersyaratkan untuk air limbah industri dan air permukaan. Analisis infra merah dan gravimetri adalah dua metode standar yang hingga saat ini digunakan. Kelemahan metode-metode tersebut yaitu penggunaan pelarut CCl4(metode IR) dan daerah konsentrasi analisis yang besar (metode gravimetri) sehingga penting dilakukan penelitian penggunaan pelarut lain dan penurunan limit deteksi, khususnya metode gravimetri. Pelarut C2Cl4 dan S316 digunakan sebagai pelarut ekstraksi pada metode IR karena tergolong pelarut yang masih direkomendasikan untuk penggunaannya. Variasi volume sampel dan tahapan ekstraksi dengan n-heksan sebagai pelarut dilakukan untuk pengembangan metode gravimetri sehingga mampu menurunkan limit deteksi di bawah 10 mg/L. Jenis minyak yang digunakan sebagai sampel yaitu minyak nabati dan minyak mineral. Pada pembacaan absorbansi pelarut C2Cl4 dan S316 menunjukkan level respon yang sangat tinggi yaitu 18 mg/L (C2Cl4) dan 15 mg/L (S316) sehingga tidak bisa digunakan untuk analisis minyak dengan metode infra merah. Pada metode gravimetri diperoleh persen recovery 92,28% (sampel minyak nabati) dan 99,25% (sampel minyak mineral) dengan konsentrasi analit sebesar 0,9 mg/L dan 0,88 mg/L. Nilai persen recovery tersebut diperoleh pada volume sampel 2000 mL dan teknik ekstraksi 4 tahap dengan limit deteksi 0,5639 mg/L dan 0,4736 mg/L sehingga pengembangan metode gravimetri ini layak digunakan untuk analisis sampel air limbah dan air permukaan.
PENGGUNAAN KHAMIR RHODOTORULA MUCILAGINOSA UNTUK BIOSENSOR BOD MENGGUNAKAN ELEKTRODA EMAS
Authors: Rame Rame 
Published: April 2020

Aplikasi biosensor BOD pada dasarnya meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya keperluan manusia dan kemajuan IPTEK. Tetapi secara umum tetap didominasi untuk aplikasi dibidang medis dan lingkungan hidup.Biosensor BOD berdasarkan metabolisme khamir dikembangkan dalam rangka mempersingkat waktu pengukuran nilai BOD untuk monitoring lingkungan. Pengembangan biosensor dibuat melalui imobilisasi khamir pada film tipis dalam matrik agarose dengan Nafion sebagai membran untuk proses pertukaran ion. Khamir diambil dari fermentasi Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Film tipis kemudian dilekatkan pada emas sebagai elektroda kerja. Biosensor BOD dikalibrasi menggunakan larutan yang mengandung glukosa yang setara sebagai sampel standar. Kondisi optimum diamati dengan waktu tunggu pengukuran 20 menit pada potensial 500 mV (vs Ag/AgCl). Untuk analisis glukosa, waktu tunggu adalah 20 menit dengan batas deteksi 1 mg/l. Hubungan linier yang baik diperoleh dari larutan standar glukosa yaitu, 2 0.99 dan estimasi kesalahan pengukuran 2,45%. Nilai BOD yang diperoleh dari biosensor menunjukkan perbandingan yang baik dengan konvensional.
Kajian Potensi Teknologi Microbial Electrosynthesis Cell untuk Sintesis Senyawa Organik (C1 - C5) dari Gas Karbondioksida
Authors: Yuliasni Rustiana 
Published: April 2020

Karbon dioksida dapat direduksi menjadi etanol dan senyawa organik lainnya seperti asetat dengan cara mengaplikasikan energi listrik dan dengan bantuan bakteri elektroaktif sebagai katalis, suatu teknologi yang dinamakan sebagai Microbial Electrosynthesis Cell (MES). Teknologi ini menjadi sangat menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut karena merupakan upaya untuk menyimpan energi listrik dari sumber energi terbarukan seperti energi panas matahari dan angin, sebagai upaya untuk mereduksi gas CO2dan sebagai salah satu alternatif teknologi dalam produksi bahan bakar ramah lingkungan (biofuel). Walaupun demikian, teknologi ini masih tergolong baru,dan penelitian yang ada masih dalam skala laboratorium karena adanya hambatan-hambatan untuk aplikasi teknologi ini dalam skala pilot plant. Oleh karena itu, di dalam kajian iniakan menitik beratkan pada investigasi secara kuantitatif dengan cara mereview penelitian-penelitian yang sudah dilakukan selama kurun waktu 10 tahun ini, sehingga dapat dijadikan referensi dalam pengembangan teknologi ini untuk skala yang lebih besar nantinya.
PERENCANAAN BAK PENGENDAP PADA SISTEM LUMPUR AKTIF DENGAN METODE GRAFIS
Authors: Indah Nanik , Djarwanti Djarwanti , Romadhon Moch Syarif 
Published: April 2020

Pengendapan merupakan suatu cara yang paling sederhana, murah, dan banyak digunakan dalam proses pengolahan air limbah. Kinerja dari suatu design bak pengendap sangat spesifik untuk setiap jenis limbah, oleh sebab itu jika suatu peralatan sedimentasi dirancang tanpa suatu eksperimen, kinerja yang dihasilkan sering tidak memuaskan. Metode grafis merupakan salah satu cara dalam menentukan desain bak sedimentasi. Metode grafis dapat menghasilkan suatu desain bak pengendap yang tepat sebagaimana sistem komputasi karena ditentukan dengan eksperimen namun dengan cara yang lebih sederhana dan biaya yang murah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang bak pengendap air limbah dari proses lumpur aktif dengan metode grafis disesuaikan dengan kriteria dasar-dasar perencanaan bak pengendap. Penelitian secara laboratoris dilakukan melalui pengamatan proses pengendapan dalam tabung kaca tinggi 150 cm dan luas penampang 100 cm2. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi endapan vs waktu pengendapan. Dengan perhitungan secara grafis didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut. Untuk mengendapkan lumpur dengan kandungan TSS awal 4325 mg/L menjadi 18.000 mg/L dengan debit 300 m3/hari diperlukan HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) 1,87 jam, Luas area pengendapan 20,83 m2, Volume bak pengendap 31,24 m3. Perkiraan lumpur yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 98,61 kg TSS/hari.
Data Mining and Content Analysis of the Chinese Social Media Platform Weibo During the Early COVID-19 Outbreak: Retrospective Observational Infoveillance Study
Authors: Li Jiawei , Xu Qing , Cuomo Raphael , Purushothaman Vidya , Mackey Tim 
Published: April 2020

Background
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which began in Wuhan, China in December 2019, is rapidly spreading worldwide with over 1.9 million cases as of mid-April 2020. Infoveillance approaches using social media can help characterize disease distribution and public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors critical to the early stages of an outbreak.

Objective
The aim of this study is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Chinese social media posts originating in Wuhan City on the Chinese microblogging platform Weibo during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods
Chinese-language messages from Wuhan were collected for 39 days between December 23, 2019, and January 30, 2020, on Weibo. For quantitative analysis, the total daily cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan were obtained from the Chinese National Health Commission, and a linear regression model was used to determine if Weibo COVID-19 posts were predictive of the number of cases reported. Qualitative content analysis and an inductive manual coding approach were used to identify parent classifications of news and user-generated COVID-19 topics.

Results
A total of 115,299 Weibo posts were collected during the study time frame consisting of an average of 2956 posts per day (minimum 0, maximum 13,587). Quantitative analysis found a positive correlation between the number of Weibo posts and the number of reported cases from Wuhan, with approximately 10 more COVID-19 cases per 40 social media posts (P<.001). This effect size was also larger than what was observed for the rest of China excluding Hubei Province (where Wuhan is the capital city) and held when comparing the number of Weibo posts to the incidence proportion of cases in Hubei Province. Qualitative analysis of 11,893 posts during the first 21 days of the study period with COVID-19-related posts uncovered four parent classifications including Weibo discussions about the causative agent of the disease, changing epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak, public reaction to outbreak control and response measures, and other topics. Generally, these themes also exhibited public uncertainty and changing knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19, including posts exhibiting both protective and higher-risk behaviors.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide initial insight into the origins of the COVID-19 outbreak based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of Chinese social media data at the initial epicenter in Wuhan City. Future studies should continue to explore the utility of social media data to predict COVID-19 disease severity, measure public reaction and behavior, and evaluate effectiveness of outbreak communication.
The Influence of Audit Committee Expertise on Firms' Internal Controls: Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Sterin Mikhail 
Published: April 2020

SYNOPSIS
This study examines how audit committee expertise influences firms' key internal control scoping decisions. Using a unique merger and acquisition (M&A) setting where the internal control audit is voluntary, I study whether audit committee expertise is associated with the deferral of internal control testing for acquired firms. I also examine whether this internal control decision provides a channel through which audit committee expertise leads to positive financial reporting outcomes. I find that audit committees with greater specialized expertise (industry and legal) are less likely to opt-out of first-year target internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) integration. In my second analysis, I find that target ICFR integration provides an indirect path through which industry and legal expertise reduce the likelihood of misstatement. This study contributes to the audit committee and internal controls literature by providing evidence on audit committee influence over firms' internal control decisions and related financial reporting outcomes.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48.
Data Availability: The data are publicly available from the sources identified in the paper.
Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Populations With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Clemens Kristin K. , Woodward Mark , Neal Bruce , Zinman Bernard 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUNDSex differences have been described in diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs).PURPOSEWe systematically reviewed for baseline sex differences in cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CV protection therapy in diabetes CVOTs.DATA SOURCESRandomized placebo-controlled trials examining the effect of diabetes medications on major adverse cardiovascular events in people ≥18 years of age with type 2 diabetes.STUDY SELECTIONIncluded trials reported baseline sex-specific CV risks and use of CV protection therapy.DATA EXTRACTIONTwo reviewers independently abstracted study data.DATA SYNTHESISWe included five CVOTs with 46,606 participants. We summarized sex-specific data using mean differences (MDs) and relative risks (RRs) and pooled estimates using random effects meta-analysis. There were fewer women than men in included trials (28.5–35.8% women). Women more often had stroke (RR 1.28; 95% CI 1.09, 1.50), heart failure (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.21,1.40), and chronic kidney disease (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.17; 1.51). They less often used statins (RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86, 0.93), aspirin (RR 0.82; 95% CI 0.71, 0.95), and β-blockers (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88, 0.97) and had a higher systolic blood pressure (MD 1.66 mmHg; 95% CI 0.90, 2.41), LDL cholesterol (MD 0.34 mmol/L; 95% CI 0.29, 0.39), and hemoglobin A1c (MD 0.11%; 95% CI 0.09, 0.14 [1.2 mmol/mol; 1.0, 1.5]) than men.LIMITATIONSWe could not carry out subgroup analyses due to the small number of studies. Our study is not generalizable to low CV risk groups nor to patients in routine care.CONCLUSIONSThere were baseline sex disparities in diabetes CVOTs. We suggest efforts to recruit women into trials and promote CV management across the sexes.
Methodology of Situational Management of Critical Infrastructure Security
Authors: Wiśniewski Michał 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the issues of the critical infrastructure security management from the perspective of entities responsible for its security and development of an integral model of critical infrastructure security, and shows the methodology of situational management of critical infrastructure safety. Proposed solutions are used for CI mapping, enabling the generation of adverse event scenarios, estimation of the risks dependent on the considered CI, and determination of decision problem, indicating a set of protection activities for elimination or reduction of the risk in the security threshold.
Tres décadas después… Evolución de las políticas de incorporación de inmigrantes en Portugal: Una nueva lectura
Authors: Padilla Beatriz , França Thais 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo discute la evolución de las políticas portuguesas de incorporación de inmigrantes, desde la década de 1980, hasta la legislación actual de 2018. Pese a que las políticas incorporación de inmigrantes se integraron a la agenda pública portuguesa recientemente, a lo largo de estos 30 años, se han registrado cambios significativos. Argumentamos que, si bien se han registrado avances, no existe por parte del Estado portugués una estrategia sólida, continua y coherente que se mueva de forma conjunta, sino que los avances han sucedido en un mismo sentido, pero a dos velocidades, pudiendo ellas estar relacionadas con las diferentes presiones ejercidas por la sociedad civil, la Unión Europea y las propias convicciones del Estado en lo que deben ser las políticas. Específicamente, nos centramos en dos tipos de políticas de incorporación para argumentar que mientras se registraron grandes avances en las políticas de acceso a la nacionalidad, el progreso en la legislación antidiscriminación ha sido menos acentuado. Para demostrarlo, analizamos la evolución legislativa (leyes, decretos) y los programas oficiales del gobierno portugués, en dichos ámbitos, con una mirada crítica.
ANALISIS MODULUS GESER MAKSIMUM TANAH LEMPUNG EKSPANSIF DENGAN PERKUATAN SERAT IJUK BERDASARKAN METODE EMPIRIS
Authors: Linawati Linawati , Sulistyowati Tri , Muchtaranda Ismail Hoesain 
Published: April 2020

Tanah lempung merupakan agregat partikel-partikel berukuran mikroskopis yang berasal dari pelapukan kimia unsur-unsur penyusun batuan. Tanah lempung umumnya mempunyai sifat-sifat sebagai berikut: daya dukung rendah, kompresibilitas tinggi, ukuran butirannya halus, mempunyai indeks plastisitas (PI) tinggi, kadar air dilapangan relatif tinggi, dan biasanya mengandung bahan-bahan organik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan rendahnya kuat geser tanah lempung maka dilakukan stabilisasi dan perkuatan tanah dengan menggunakan serat ijuk. Serat ijuk merupakan salah satu serat yang tahan terhadap asam dan garam air laut. Selain itu ijuk tidak mudah busuk baik dalam keadaan terbuka (tahan terhadap cuaca) maupun tertanam dalam tanah, kuat tarik cukup tinggi, murah, dan mudah didapat. Prosentase serat ijuk yang digunakan sebesar 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % dan 10 % dari berat total tanah. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data diperoleh peningkatan nilai parameter kuat geser (φ dan c) tanah lempung ekspansif, peningkatan optimum terjadi pada penambahan serat 6 %. Pada penambahan serat ijuk diatas 6 % terjadi penurunan nilai parameter kuat geser (φ dan c) tetapi masih lebih besar dari nilai parameter kuat geser (φ dan c) tanah lempung ekspansif tanpa penambahan serat ijuk. Prosentase peningkatan nilai kuat geser tertinggi sebesar 100 % diperoleh pada penambahan 6 % serat ijuk. Berdasarkan pada uji laboratorium, nilai modulus geser tanah ( didapat dengan menggunakan rumus yang dikembangkan oleh Hardin dan Black (1969), dan dari kurva hubungan antara tegangan regangan pada uji geser langsung. Hasil secara empiris menunjukkan bahwa tanah lempung ekspansif Desa Tanak Awu mempunyai ( berturut-turut adalah = 78,90 kPa; 109,77 kPa; 116,16 kPa; 123,86 kPa; 129,94 kPa; 139,30 kPa, dengan prosentase serat berturut-turut (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%). Sedangkan dari uji geser langsung tanah lempung ekspansif Desa Tanak Awu mempunyai ( berturut-turut adalah = 78,30 kPa; 97,90 kPa; 101,20 kPa; 109,60 kPa; 115,70 kPa; 138,60 kPa, dengan prosentase serat berturut-turut (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%). Jika modulus geser maksimum ( dihubungkan dengan percepatan gempa (a), dan kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs), maka nilai modulus geser secara empiris maupun yang didapat dari uji geser, akan mampu meredam kecepatan gelombang geser yang terjadi. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan kecepatan gelombang geser (Vs) yang diperoleh secara empiris lebih besar dari kecepatan golombang geser (Vs) dari IISEE, dimana Vs secara empiris berturut-turut 7,711 m/s (0%); 9,097 m/s (2%); 9,358 m/s (4%); 9,663 m/s (6%); 9,894 m/s (8%); 10,246 m/s (10%). Sedangkan Vs dari IISEE 2 – 5 m/s.
Desenganche moral y conducta antisocial en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley
Authors: Cabrera Gutiérrez Germán , Londoño Arredondo Nora Helena , Arbeláez Caro Joan Sebastian , Sánchez Quintero Maria Alejandra , Prieto Lopera Isabella 
Published: April 2020

Resumen

Objetivo: Establecer el grado de relación entre el desenganche moral y la conducta antisocial en adolescente que se encuentran en conflicto con la ley. Metodología: diseño no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo – correlacional de temporalidad transversal. Participantes: 62 adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Instrumentos: ficha de caracterización, MINI KID y la escala de mecanismos de desconexión moral. Resultados: el 54.8% de adolescentes reportó problemas de conducta y se identificó alto consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Los mecanismos de desconexión que puntuaron alto fueron los de justificación moral (1.6%), desplazamiento (1.6%), difusión de la responsabilidad (1.6%) y deshumanización (1.6). Con un 61% de probabilidad, se confirmó en el análisis de regresión que el desplazamiento de responsabilidad predice la trastorno disocial en adolescentes (β: 1.262). Conclusiones: según el modelo predictivo, el desplazamiento de responsabilidad es el único mecanismo que puede indicar probabilidad de que aparezca conductas antisociales en adolescentes.