bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Drivers of Reptile Overwintering Habitat Suitability: Integrating Wetland Ecohydrology and Spatial Complexity
Authors: Markle Chantel E , Moore Paul A , Waddington James M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIdentifying ecosystems resilient to climate and land-use changes is recognized as essential for conservation strategies. However, wetland ecosystems may respond differently to stressors depending on their successional state and the strength of ecohydrological feedbacks resulting in fluctuations in habitat availability and suitability. Long-term habitat suitability is necessary for the persistence of wetland-dependent species and a key characteristic of climatic refugia. In the present article, we review and synthesize biogeochemical, thermal, ecological, and hydrological feedbacks and interactions that operate within wetlands and, consequently, regulate overwintering suitability for many freshwater turtles and snakes. We propose that understanding the breadth and interconnected nature of processes controlling temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water table position are vital for the conservation of northern reptile populations that depend on wetlands to survive winter conditions. Finally, we suggest that our integrated framework can guide future research and the management of wetland ecosystems in an era of unprecedented change.
Effect of additives on mercury partitioning in wet-limestone flue-gas desulfurization
Authors: Masoomi Ida , Heidel Barna , Schmid Marc Oliver , Scheffknecht Günter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe wet-flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) process plays an important role in removing water-soluble flue-gas components such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxidized mercury compounds. Under the reducing environment of the FGD, there is the possibility of re-emission of the already absorbed mercury (Hg) to the gas phase, which may be diminished by the utilization of specific additives. In this study, the effect of two different additives on Hg re-emission from the aqueous phase and Hg partitioning in gypsum and filtrate of a lab-scale wet-limestone FGD is investigated. Furthermore, the behaviour of additives in the presence of different halides is studied. The studied additives are TMT 15® as a sulphidic precipitating agent, which forms non-soluble mercury compounds, and activated lignite (AL) as a carbon-based sorbent, which adsorbs Hg compounds from the aqueous phase. TMT 15® has no significant effect on SO2 absorption; on the other hand, addition of AL improves the SO2-removal efficiency by up to 30%. Using both additives, Hg re-emission is suppressed in all the experimented cases except for AL in the absence of halides, in which Hg re-emission shows no change. Thus, the need to form nucleophilic oxidized mercury compounds in the slurry for the adsorption of oxidized mercury on AL can be concluded. Usage of both additives improves Hg retention in the slurry to different extents. It is shown that, for the additive-free slurries, the Hg-adsorption capacity of the solid fraction of the slurry is the limiting parameter. Moreover, the utilization of both additives results in a significant increase in the Hg concentration of solid fraction. The correlation between redox potential and partitioning of Hg in the slurry is presented by comparing the change in the redox potential of slurries when additives are used.
The IBIS-Q [IBd Identification of Spondyloarthritis Questionnaire]: A Novel Tool to Detect Both Axial and Peripheral Arthritis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Variola Angela , Zanolin Maria Elisabetta , Cipriano Giovanni , Macchioni Pierluigi , Martinis Federica , Pasetti Annalisa , Grassi Mario , Geccherle Andrea , Marchetta Antonio , McGonagle Dennis , Tinazzi Ilaria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsBoth peripheral and axial spondyloarthritis [SpA] occur in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and represent the commonest extra-intestinal manifestation. We aimed to develop an easy and quick questionnaire through psychometric analysis, to identify peripheral and axial SpA in IBD patients within an integrated combined multidisciplinary rheumatological-gastroenterology clinic.MethodsInitially, SpA-IBD experts generated a 42-item list covering SpA manifestations including spinal, articular, and entheseal involvement. The new questionnaire was administered before routine clinical IBD assessment. On the same day, rheumatological assessment, blinded to both history and questionnaire results, was performed to explore the presence of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society [ASAS] criteria for SpA, diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia [FM], and non-specific low back pain [NSLB]. Factorial analysis of questionnaire items to identify the main factors—receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves for sensitivity/specificity and Youden index for cut-off—were performed.ResultsOf the 181 consecutive patients, 56 met the ASAS SpA criteria [prevalence of 30%] with 10 new cases detected [5.5%: seven peripheral and three axial]. Through the psychometric and factorial analysis, we selected 14 items for the final questionnaire [named IBIS-Q]. The IBIS-Q was quick and performed well for detection of axial SpA and peripheral SpA (area under the curve [AUC] 0.88 with 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.830.93). A cut-off of three positive questions had a sensitivity 93% and specificity 77% for SpA patient identification.ConclusionsThe IBIS-Q is a useful and simple tool to use in IBD clinics for SpA detection, with a good statistical performance. Further studies are needed to validate it.
Tests for nonlinear restrictions under misspecified alternatives with an application to testing rational expectation hypotheses
Authors: Bera Anil , Montes-Rojas Gabriel , Sosa-Escudero Walter , Alejo Javier 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper develops generalized method of moments-based (GMM-based) Lagrange multiplier tests for nonlinear hypotheses that are robust to locally misspecified possibly nonlinear alternatives. The procedure is based on an initial consistent GMM estimator of the parameters under a given set of nonlinear restrictions. The new test for one particular set of nonlinear hypotheses is consistent and has correct asymptotic size independently of whether the other, also nonlinear hypotheses, are correct or locally misspecified. To illustrate the usefulness of our proposed tests we consider testing rational expectations hypotheses using U.S. data.
Pollinator Specific Richness and Their Interactions With Local Plant Species: 10 Years of Sampling in Mediterranean Habitats
Authors: Ropars Lise , Affre Laurence , Aubert Matthieu , Fernandez Catherine , Flacher Floriane , Genoud David , Guiter Frédéric , Jaworski Coline , Lair Xavier , Mutillod Clémentine , Nève Gabriel , Schurr Lucie , Geslin Benoît 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the context of global pollinator decline, little is known about the protection status and ecology of many species. This lack of knowledge is particularly important for Mediterranean protected areas that harbor diverse pollinator communities and are subject to considerable anthropogenic pressures. Calanques National Park (85 km2), which is located near Marseille (France), is dominated by Mediterranean low-vegetation habitats, such as phrygana and scrublands. These habitats offer favorable conditions for pollinator species due to the important amount of floral resources. Within a 10-yr period, we recorded bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), hover fly (Diptera: Syrphidae), and bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) species and their interactions with the local flora through 10 field campaigns. We caught 250 pollinator species, including 192 bees, 38 hover flies, and 20 bee flies, for a total of 2,770 specimens. We recorded seven threatened bees (six near threatened and one endangered). Among the bee species, 47.9% were below-ground nesting species, and 54.7% were generalist species. Analysis of the pollination network showed that generalist and specialist pollinators do not share the same floral resources. The Cistaceae plant family (Malvales: Cistaceae) acted as a central node in the plant–pollinator network, interacting with 52 different pollinator species, which shows the importance of large open flowers that could be easily visited by both short and long-tongued pollinators in Mediterranean habitats. The occurrence of pollinator species and their ecological traits should strongly contribute to reinforcing the available information to provide or ameliorate the conservation statuses determined by IUCN Red List.
Parental Photoperiod Affects Egg Diapause in a Montane Population of Mormon Crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Srygley Robert B 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInsect diapause is a state of arrested development persisting when conditions are favorable for growth. Prolonged diapause, which occurs when insects remain in diapause for multiple years, is uncommon. Mormon crickets Anabrus simplex Haldane, a katydid and pest of rangeland forage and crops, were thought to be biennial in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, but they are able to prolong diapause in the egg stage for multiple years. To test whether parental photoperiod serves as a cue to prolong diapause, mating pairs from the Bighorn Mountains were set in the same daily temperature and humidity profiles with 20 pairs on short daylength (12:12 [L:D] h) and 20 on long daylength (15:9 [L:D] h). Almost every parental pair had some undeveloped eggs after two warm periods. Females in short daylength were not more likely to have eggs with a biennial life cycle, but they were more likely than those in long daylength to lay eggs with multi-annual life cycles. Parents on short daylength were more likely to lay inviable eggs. Other fitness measures, such as hatchling mass, nymphal survivorship, and adult mass were not different between parental treatments. Diapause termination distributed over multiple years probably constitutes a bet-hedging strategy in an unpredictable environment.
Publicising Malfeasance: When the Local Media Structure Facilitates Electoral Accountability in Mexico
Authors: Larreguy Horacio , Marshall John , Snyder James M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Malfeasance in local governments is common in developing democracies. Electoral accountability could mitigate such malfeasance, but may require media market structures that incentivise profit-maximising local media to report on incumbent malfeasance. We test this claim in Mexico, leveraging plausibly exogenous variation in the pre-election release of municipal audits revealing misallocated spending and access to broadcast media. We find that each additional local media station amplifies voter punishment (rewards) of high (zero) malfeasance by up to 1 percentage point. Local media’s accountability-enhancing effects are greater when there are fewer non-local competitors and where local outlets’ audiences principally reside within their municipality.
The contribution of female health to economic development
Authors: Bloom David E , Kuhn Michael , Prettner Klaus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe analyse the economic consequences for poor countries of investing in female health within a unified growth model featuring health-related gender differences in productivity. Better female health accelerates the demographic transition and thereby the take-off towards sustained economic growth. By contrast, male health improvements delay the transition and take-off because they tend to raise fertility. However, households tend to prefer male health improvements over female health improvements because they imply a larger static utility gain. This highlights the existence of a dynamic trade-off between the short-run interests of households and long-run development goals.
Biomarkers Associated with Physical Resilience After Hip Fracture
Authors: Parker Daniel C , Colόn-Emeric Cathleen , Huebner Janet L , Chou Ching-Heng , Kraus Virginia Byers , Pieper Carl F , Sloane Richard , Whitson Heather E , Orwig Denise , Crabtree Donna M , Magaziner Jay , Bain James R , Muehlbauer Michael , Ilkayeva Olga R , Huffman Kim M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinically similar older adults demonstrate variable responses to health stressors, heterogeneity attributable to differences in physical resilience. However, molecular mechanisms underlying physical resilience are unknown. We previously derived a measure of physical resilience after hip fracture—the expected recovery differential (ERD)—that captures the difference between actual recovery and predicted recovery. Starting with biomarkers associated with physical performance, morbidity, mortality, and hip fracture, we evaluated associations with the ERD to identify biomarkers of physical resilience after hip fracture.MethodsIn the Baltimore Hip Studies (N = 304) sera, we quantified biomarkers of inflammation (TNFR-I, TNFR-II, sVCAM-1, and IL-6), metabolic and mitochondrial function (non-esterified fatty acids, lactate, ketones, acylcarnitines, free amino acids, and IGF-1), and epigenetic dysregulation (circulating microRNAs). We used principal component analysis, canonical correlation, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) to identify biomarker associations with better-than-expected recovery (greater ERD) after hip fracture.ResultsParticipants with greater ERD were more likely to be women and less disabled at baseline. The complete biomarker set explained 37% of the variance in ERD (p &lt; .001) by canonical correlation. LASSO regression identified a biomarker subset that accounted for 27% of the total variance in the ERD and included a metabolic factor (aspartate/asparagine, C22, C5:1, lactate, glutamate/mine), TNFR-I, miR-376a-3p, and miR-16-5p.ConclusionsWe identified a set of biomarkers that explained 27% of the variance in ERD—a measure of physical resilience after hip fracture. These ERD-associated biomarkers may be useful in predicting physical resilience in older adults facing hip fracture and other acute health stressors.
Upper crustal structure of NW Iran revealed by regional 3-D Pg velocity tomography
Authors: Maheri-Peyrov Mehdi , Ghods Abdolreza , Donner Stefanie , Akbarzadeh-Aghdam Maryam , Sobouti Farhad , Motaghi Khalil , Hassanzadeh Mirali , Mortezanejad Gholamreza , Talebian Morteza , Chen Ling 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYWe present the result of a 3-D Pg tomography in NW Iran to better understand the relationship between seismicity and velocity structure within the young continental collision system. In this regard, we have collected 559 07 Pg traveltime readings from 3963 well located earthquakes recorded by 353 seismic stations including 121 stations from four new temporary seismic networks. The most prominent feature of our Pg velocity model is a high correlation between the location of majority of large magnitude events and the location of low velocity regions within the seismogenic layer. The large instrumental and historical earthquakes with some limited exceptions tends to happen close to the borders of the low velocity regions. The Lorestan arc of Zagros has the thickest (∼20 km) low velocity region and Central Iran has the thinnest (less than 10 km) low velocity region where little seismicity is observed. Despite the relative increase of thickness of low velocity region in the uppermost part of the upper crust of Alborz, the average Pg velocity of the upper crust increases from Central Iran towards Alborz and reaches to its climax in the northern hills of Alborz, where the catastrophic Rudbar-Tarom 1990 event happened. The Pg velocity map shows presence of a low angle basement ramp in the Lorestan arc at the depth range of ∼10–20 km. The large low angle thrust Ezgele-Sarpolzahab 2017 earthquake and medium size high angle thrust events happened at the base and updip part of the velocity ramp, respectively. The calculated Pg velocity map shows low velocity regions at depths deeper than 11 and 20 km beneath the Sahand and Sabalan volcanoes, respectively.
Muc5ac Expression Protects the Colonic Barrier in Experimental Colitis
Authors: Olli Kristine E , Rapp Caroline , O’Connell Lauren , Collins Colm B , McNamee Eoin N , Jensen Owen , Jedlicka Paul , Allison Kristen C , Goldberg Matthew S , Gerich Mark E , Frank Daniel N , Ir Diana , Robertson Charles E , Evans Christopher M , Aherne Carol M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The mucus gel layer (MGL) lining the colon is integral to exclusion of bacteria and maintaining intestinal homeostasis in health and disease. Some MGL defects allowing bacteria to directly contact the colonic surface are commonly observed in ulcerative colitis (UC). The major macromolecular component of the colonic MGL is the secreted gel-forming mucin MUC2, whose expression is essential for homeostasis in health. In UC, another gel-forming mucin, MUC5AC, is induced. In mice, Muc5ac is protective during intestinal helminth infection. Here we tested the expression and functional role of MUC5AC/Muc5ac in UC biopsies and murine colitis.

Methods
We measured MUC5AC/Muc5ac expression in UC biopsies and in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. We performed DSS colitis in mice deficient in Muc5ac (Muc5ac-/-) to model the potential functional role of Muc5ac in colitis. To assess MGL integrity, we quantified bacterial-epithelial interaction and translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. Antibiotic treatment and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to directly investigate the role of bacteria in murine colitis.

Results
Colonic MUC5AC/Muc5ac mRNA expression increased significantly in active UC and murine colitis. Muc5ac-/- mice experienced worsened injury and inflammation in DSS colitis compared with control mice. This result was associated with increased bacterial-epithelial contact and translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. However, no change in microbial abundance or community composition was noted. Antibiotic treatment normalized colitis severity in Muc5ac-/- mice to that of antibiotic-treated control mice.

Conclusions
MUC5AC/Muc5ac induction in the acutely inflamed colon controls injury by reducing bacterial breach of the MGL.
Natural History of  Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease in North America: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kerur Basavaraj , Benchimol Eric I , Fiedler Karoline , Stahl Marisa , Hyams Jeffrey , Stephens Michael , Lu Ying , Pfefferkorn Marian , Alkhouri Raza , Strople Jennifer , Kelsen Judith , Siebold Leah , Goyal Alka , Rosh Joel R , LeLeiko Neal , Van Limbergen Johan , Guerrerio Anthony L , Maltz Ross , Karam Lina , Crowley Eileen , Griffiths Anne , Heyman Melvin B , Deneau Mark , Benkov Keith , Noe Joshua , Mouton Dedrick , Pappa Helen , Galanko Joseph A , Snapper Scott , Muise Aleixo M , Kappelman Michael D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The incidence of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) is increasing, yet the phenotype and natural history of VEOIBD are not well described.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with VEOIBD (6 years of age and younger) between 2008 and 2013 at 25 North American centers. Eligible patients at each center were randomly selected for chart review. We abstracted data at diagnosis and at 1, 3, and 5 years after diagnosis. We compared the clinical features and outcomes with VEOIBD diagnosed younger than 3 years of age with children diagnosed with VEOIBD at age 3 to 6 years.

Results
The study population included 269 children (105 [39%] Crohn’s disease, 106 [39%] ulcerative colitis, and 58 [22%] IBD unclassified). The median age of diagnosis was 4.2 years (interquartile range 2.9–5.2). Most (94%) Crohn’s disease patients had inflammatory disease behavior (B1). Isolated colitis (L2) was the most common disease location (70% of children diagnosed younger than 3 years vs 43% of children diagnosed 3 years and older; P = 0.10). By the end of follow-up, stricturing/penetrating occurred in 7 (6.6%) children. The risk of any bowel surgery in Crohn’s disease was 3% by 1 year, 12% by 3 years, and 15% by 5 years and did not differ by age at diagnosis. Most ulcerative colitis patients had pancolitis (57% of children diagnosed younger than 3 years vs 45% of children diagnosed 3 years and older; P = 0.18). The risk of colectomy in ulcerative colitis/IBD unclassified was 0% by 1 year, 3% by 3 years, and 14% by 5 years and did not differ by age of diagnosis.

Conclusions
Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease has a distinct phenotype with predominantly colonic involvement and infrequent stricturing/penetrating disease. The cumulative risk of bowel surgery in children with VEOIBD was approximately 14%–15% by 5 years. These data can be used to provide anticipatory guidance in this emerging patient population.
Vitamin D Therapy in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guzman-Prado Yuli , Samson Ondrej , Segal Jonathan P , Limdi Jimmy K , Hayee Bu’Hussain 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Emerging literature suggests that optimization of vitamin D levels may be associated with improvements in disease activity and quality of life. We conducted a meta-analysis exploring the effect of vitamin D on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25[OH]D) levels, clinical improvement, and biomarkers.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and sources for grey literature were searched from inception until September 2019. The primary outcome was s-25(OH)D mean differences. Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ 2 test and the I2 statistic. Review Manager software v. 5.3 was used.

Results
Twelve randomized controlled trials (n = 611) and 4 observational studies (n = 359) were included in the meta-analysis. On average, in the randomized controlled trials, vitamin D supplementation increased s-25(OH)D levels by 15.50 ng/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.08-19.92, P ≤ 0.00001, I2 = 90%) and in observational studies they increased by 18.39 ng/mL (95% CI, 8.91-27.88, P = 0.0001, I2 = 82%). Subgroup analyses between vitamin D and placebo groups revealed that vitamin D increased s-25(OH)D by 14.85 ng/mL (95% CI, 9.96-19.73, P ≤ 0.00001, I2 = 90%) and when high doses of vitamin D were compared with low doses, high doses increased s-25(OH)D by 18.27 ng/mL (95% CI, 5.44-31.10, P = 0.005, I2 = 90%). The Harvey Bradshaw Index improved by –1.47 points (95% CI, –2.47 to –0.47, P = 0.004, I2 = 0%) and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased by –1.58 mg/L (95% CI, –2.95 to –0.21, P = 0.02, I2 = 0%).

Conclusions
Vitamin D supplementation in patients with IBD and vitamin D deficiency is effective at correcting vitamin D levels and is associated with improvement in clinical and biochemical disease activity scores.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through the Lens of Single-cell RNA-seq Technologies
Authors: Corridoni Daniele , Chapman Thomas , Antanaviciute Agne , Satsangi Jack , Simmons Alison 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The intestinal mucosa represents a unique environment where the coordinated function of diverse epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells maintains a physiologically balanced environment in the presence of gut microbiota. The intestinal mucosa plays a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), yet the molecular and cellular composition of this diverse environment is poorly understood. However, the recent advent of multimodal single-cell technologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), now provides an opportunity to accurately map the tissue architecture, characterize rare cell types that were previously overlooked, and define function at a single-cell level. In this review, we summarize key advances in single-cell technology and provide an overview of important aspects of computational analysis. We describe emerging data in the field of IBD and discuss how the characterization of novel intestinal mucosa cell populations is reshaping our understanding of this complex disease. We conclude by considering the potential clinical applications, including the definition of novel drug targets and the opportunity for personalization of care in this exciting new era of precision medicine.