bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elderly versus non-elderly patients undergoing surgery for left-sided native valve infective endocarditis: A 10-year institutional experience
Authors: Lin Chun-Yu , Lu Cheng-Hui , Lee Hsiu-An , See Lai-Chu , Wu Meng-Yu , Han Yi , Tseng Chi-Nan , Su I-Li , Li Han-Yan , Tsai Feng-Chun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to clarify the short- and mid-term outcomes of elderly patients who underwent surgery to treat left-sided native valve infective endocarditis (LSNIE). Between July 2005 and September 2015, 179 patients underwent surgical treatment for active LSNIE at a single institution. Patients were classified into two groups: ≥65 years (elderly group) and <65 years (non-elderly group). Clinical features, surgical information, postoperative complications, and three-year survival rates were compared. The average ages were 74.2 ± 6.4 and 45.2 ± 12.6 years in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively. The elderly group had a higher predicted mortality rate and a lower incidence of preoperative septic emboli-related complications. Echocardiographic assessments of infected valves were generally homogenous between the groups. The elderly patients had a higher in-hospital mortality rate than the non-elderly patients (26.3% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.001). For patients who survived to discharge, the three-year cumulative survival rates were 75.0% ± 8.2% and 81.2% ± 3.4% in the elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively (P = 0.484). In conclusion, elderly patients are at a higher risk of in-hospital mortality after surgery for LSNIE. However, once elderly patients are stabilized by surgical treatment and survive to discharge, the mid-term outcomes are promising.
Distribution and chemical form of selenium in Neptunia amplexicaulis from Central Queensland, Australia
Authors: Harvey Maggie-Anne , Erskine Peter D , Harris Hugh H , Brown Gillian K , Pilon-Smits Elizabeth A H , Casey Lachlan W , Echevarria Guillaume , van der Ent Antony 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Selenium (Se), a trace element essential for human and animal biological processes, is deficient in many agricultural soils. Some extremely rare plants can naturally accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of Se. The native legume Neptunia amplexicaulis, endemic to a small area near Richmond and Hughenden in Central Queensland, Australia, is one of the strongest Se hyperaccumulators known on Earth, with foliar concentrations in excess of 4000 μg Se g−1 previously recorded. Here, we report on the Se distribution at a whole plant level using laboratory micro X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (μXRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), as well as on chemical forms of Se in various tissues using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results show that Se occurs in the forms of methyl-selenocysteine and seleno-methionine in the foliar tissues, with up to 13 600 μg Se g−1 total in young leaves. Selenium was found to accumulate primarily in the young leaves, flowers, pods and taproot, with lower concentrations present in the fine-roots and stem and the lowest present in the oldest leaves. Trichomes were not found to accumulate Se. We postulate that Se is (re)distributed in this plant via the phloem from older leaves to newer leaves, using the taproot as the main storage organ. High concentrations of Se in the nodes (pulvini) indicate this structure may play an important a role in Se (re)distribution. The overall pattern of Se distribution was similar in a non-Se tolerant closely related species (Neptunia gracilis), although the prevailing Se concentrations were substantially lower than in N. amplexicaulis.
Tuberculosis in a pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Barth Stefanie A. , Menge Christian , Hillemann Doris , Lauda Alexander , Pfleghaar Stephan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 9-month old pet ferret was presented to a veterinarian with symptoms of weight loss, apathy, and hyporexia. Explorative laparotomy identified a firm mass of
approximately 2 × 2 × 2 cm in size in the mesentery of the jejunum. Because of the poor general condition and the unfavorable prognosis, the ferret was
euthanized during surgery. The mass was resected in total and submitted to histological examination which revealed a granulomatous and necrotizing
lymphadenitis. Acid fast bacteria were detected by Fite-Faraco staining leading to the suspicion of an infection with Mycobacteria sp. PCR confirmed
presence of DNA of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, subsequently specified as M. bovis. The detected spoligotype SB2548 was
described for the first time. Ferrets are presented to veterinarians with increasing frequency because of their growing popularity as pet animals. Since these
animals are highly susceptible to mycobacterial infections, mycobacteriosis and especially zoonotic relevant tuberculosis should be considered as differential
diagnosis.
Differential Impact of Insulin Sensitizers vs. Anti-Androgen on Serum
Leptin Levels in Vitamin D Replete PCOS Women: A Six Month Open Labeled
Randomized Study
Authors: Rashid Aafia , Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad , Bhat Gulzar Ahmad , Shaheen Feroz , Wani Ishfaq Ahmed , Shrivastava Mukesh , Shah Zaffar Amin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWomen with PCOS are linked to insulin resistance, inflammation, and vitamin D
(VD) deficiency. The study endeavors to comprehend the differential impact
of insulin sensitizers vs. anti-androgen on serum leptin levels among women
with PCOS rendered vitamin D replete with high VD oral supplement. This was
open-labeled randomized study that screened 180 eligible women presenting to
Endocrine clinic with oligomenorrhea or features of hyperandrogenism.
Ninety-nine women who furnished written informed consent and fulfilled the
Rotterdam 2003 criteria for diagnosis of PCOS were randomized into 3 drug
treatment arms to receive either spironolactone (50 mg/d;
n=30), metformin (1000 mg/d; n=30) or
pioglitazone (30 mg/d; n=30). These women were also
administered oral VD (4000 IU/day) in addition to the allocated drug
for a period of 6 months. Detailed history, clinical examination, and
laboratory evaluation was carried out at baseline and 6 months after
intervention. Number of menstrual cycles/year increased while as
Ferriman–Gallwey score, blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and plasma insulin
levels significantly decreased in all the three arms with better outcomes in
spironolactone and pioglitazone arms (p<0.05). Similarly, serum
leptin levels superiorly improved in spironolactone and pioglitazone group.
Pioglitazone group showed better efficacy in lowering serum total
testosterone (p<0.05). Co-supplementation of high dosage VD with
spironolactone or pioglitazone are more effective in reducing plasma leptin
levels than metformin, and thus might prove to be better therapeutic
strategies for women with PCOS.
Synthetic Studies Towards Spirocyclic Imine Marine Toxins Using N-Acyl Iminium Ions as Dienophiles in Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Freeman Jared L. , Li Freda F. , Furkert Daniel P. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: February 2020

Cyclic imine marine toxins have attracted considerable attention from the synthetic community in the past two decades due to their unique chemical structures and clinically relevant biological activities. This review presents recent efforts of our group in the development of various strategies to efficiently construct the common spirocyclic imine fragments of the cyclic imine toxins. In particular, the use of α,β-unsaturated N-acyl iminium ion dienophiles in Diels–Alder reactions are highlighted, whereby direct access to spirocyclic imine motifs was obtained and important mechanistic details were discovered. Alternative approaches to spirocyclic imine systems involving hydroamination of amino alkynes are also summarized. One such approach led to serendipitous access to N-vinyl amide products, while our most recently ­reported approach involving an intermolecular Diels–Alder/cross-­coupling sequence using novel 2-bromo-1,3-butadienes to access 5,6-spirocyclic imines is also discussed. Additionally, the development of a novel method to construct another challenging motif present in the portimines is also introduced.1	Introduction2	Strategies towards the Spirocyclic Imine Fragment of Cyclic Imine Toxins2.1	Diels–Alder Cycloadditions of α,β-Unsaturated N-Acyl Iminium Dienophiles2.2	Early Studies Using in situ-Generated Iminium Ion Dienophiles2.3	Use of More Stable Iminium Ion Dienophiles for Diels–Alder Reactions2.4	Other Notable Strategies towards Spirocyclic Imines2.5	Recent Efforts towards the 5,6-Spirocyclic Imine Marine Toxin Portimine A2.6	Construction of Another Challenging Motif of Portimine A3	Conclusion and Future Perspectives
High-fidelity continuum modeling predicts avian voiced sound production
Authors: Jiang Weili , Rasmussen Jeppe H. , Xue Qian , Ding Ming , Zheng Xudong , Elemans Coen P. H. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Vocal communication is critical to the reproduction and survival of mammals and birds. Computational physics-based models can facilitate understanding the relation of voice physiology to sound, but there is currently an absence of thorough experimental validation. Here, we present and experimentally test a high-fidelity, continuum model for voiced sound production in birds that includes anatomically realistic geometries of the syrinx and associated vocal tract. We show that, driven by physiologically quantifiable inputs, our model accurately predicts vibration and sound parameters. These data strongly support the continuum model approach as an important component of a causal model of voiced sound production.
Mapping drought-induced changes in rice area in India
Authors: Gumma  , Nelson  , Yamano  
Published: February 2020

Rice is a staple food crop of India and is grown on 44 Mha (2011–12), 58.6% of which are irrigated. An inevitable phenomenon which looms over all aspects of human life and affects rice production in India is drought. Assessing drought damage using geospatial datasets available
in the public domain, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), can provide specific and local ecoregion information for developing drought-resistant rice varieties. Based on multi-temporal NDVI data and
field observations in 2009, we developed a methodology to identify and map drought-affected areas in India. A long-term (10-year) average of NDVI during the rainy (kharif) season (June–October) was compared with NDVI from a known drought year (2002–03) to identify changes
in rice area. Rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM) was used to support the drought analysis. Spectral matching techniques were used to categorise the drought-affected rice areas into three classes – severe, moderate, and mild based on the intensity of damage
assessed through field sampling. Based on these ground survey samples, spectral signatures were generated. It was found that the rice area was about 16% less in the drought year (2002–03) than in a normal year (2000–01). A comparison of the MODIS-derived rice area affected by drought
in 2002 for each state and district against the difference in the kharif season harvested rice area between 2000 and 2002 (from official statistics) revealed a substantial difference in harvested area in 2002 that was largely attributable to drought. An 84.7% correlation was found between
the MODIS-derived drought-affected area in 2002 and the reduction in harvested area from 2000–01 to 2002–03. Good spatial correlation was found between the drought-affected rice areas and reduction of rice harvested areas in different rice ecologies, indicating the usefulness of
such geospatial datasets in assessing abiotic stress such as drought and its consequences.
The 2020 motile active matter roadmap
Authors: Gompper Gerhard , Winkler Roland G , Speck Thomas , Solon Alexandre , Nardini Cesare , Peruani Fernando , Löwen Hartmut , Golestanian Ramin , Kaupp U Benjamin , Alvarez Luis , Kiørboe Thomas , Lauga Eric , Poon Wilson C K , DeSimone Antonio , Muiños-Landin Santiago , Fischer Alexander , Söker Nicola A , Cichos Frank , Kapral Raymond , Gaspard Pierre , Ripoll Marisol , Sagues Francesc , Doostmohammadi Amin , Yeomans Julia M , Aranson Igor S , Bechinger Clemens , Stark Holger , Hemelrijk Charlotte K , Nedelec François J , Sarkar Trinish , Aryaksama Thibault , Lacroix Mathilde , Duclos Guillaume , Yashunsky Victor , Silberzan Pascal , Arroyo Marino , Kale Sohan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This has stimulated the new field of ‘active matter’ in recent years, which focuses on the physical aspects of propulsion mechanisms, and on motility-induced emergent collective behavior of a larger number of identical agents. The scale of agents ranges from nanomotors and microswimmers, to cells, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological microswimmers, various designs of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been proposed. Such machines provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent (artificial) active materials, which exhibit emergent behavior and the ability to perform tasks in response to external stimuli. A major challenge for understanding and designing active matter is their inherent nonequilibrium nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry. Unraveling, predicting, and controlling the behavior of active matter is a truly interdisciplinary endeavor at the interface of biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics.
The vast complexity of phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of motile active matter comprises a major challenge. Hence, to advance, and eventually reach a comprehensive understanding, this important research area requires a concerted, synergetic approach of the various disciplines. The 2020 motile active matter roadmap of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter addresses the current state of the art of the field and provides guidance for both students as well as established scientists in their efforts to advance this fascinating area.
The global climate value of offshore wind energy
Authors: Cranmer Alexana , Baker Erin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We estimate the climate value of offshore wind energy with a highly flexible, forward-looking method that estimates the value in a consistent manner under a range of policies, including carbon caps and taxes. Backward looking methods measure the damages avoided due to emissions reductions attributed to renewable energy under an existing policy structure. Under a carbon cap, however, the climate value of offshore wind energy comes entirely from reducing the cost of meeting the cap. Our method for estimating the prospective climate value compares both climate damages and abatement costs in cases with and without offshore wind energy. This climate value can be compared to the costs of reducing barriers to new technologies, such as streamlining approval processes. The climate value depends on the cost of offshore wind technology, the climate policy under consideration, the severity of damages from climate change, and the discount rate. In the absence of a binding climate policy, the climate value of offshore wind energy ranges from $246 billion to $2.5 trillion under central assumptions about damages and discount rate, and can reach over $30 trillion under certain assumptions (low discount rate, high damages, low technology costs). The value of technical change—of moving from the highest cost to lowest cost assumptions about the technology—is estimated to be $300 billion even under the most unfavorable assumptions, dwarfing worldwide R&D investment in all wind energy technology. Using this method, we find that new low carbon technologies can provide a hedge against uncertainty and error in climate policies.
Ensemble climate-impact modelling: extreme impacts from moderate meteorological conditions
Authors: van der Wiel Karin , Selten Frank M , Bintanja Richard , Blackport Russell , Screen James A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The investigation of risk due to weather and climate events is an example of policy relevant science. Risk is the result of complex interactions between the physical environment (geophysical events or conditions, including but not limited to weather and climate events) and societal factors (vulnerability and exposure). The societal impact of two similar meteorological events at different times or different locations may therefore vary widely. Despite the complex relation between meteorological conditions and impacts, most meteorological research is focused on the occurrence or severity of extreme meteorological events, and climate impact research often undersamples climatological natural variability. Here we argue that an approach of ensemble climate-impact modelling is required to adequately investigate the relationship between meteorology and extreme impact events. We demonstrate that extreme weather conditions do not always lead to extreme impacts; in contrast, extreme impacts may result from (coinciding) moderate weather conditions. Explicit modelling of climate impacts, using the complete distribution of weather realisations, is thus necessary to ensure that the most extreme impact events are identified. The approach allows for the investigation of high-impact meteorological conditions and provides higher accuracy for consequent estimates of risk.
Utilization and cultivation opportunities of pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) as a biomas energy source in Southern Sumatera
Authors: Siahaan H , Sumadi A , Purwanto  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) has been used for many purposes in Southern Sumatera including for energy, food and medicine but effort to cultivate the species is not yet tried properly. The wide utilization resulting overexploitation and degraded its natural habitats. Research on pelawan utilization and cultivation was conducted with survey and field experimental method. Survey conducted on its natural habitats and related home industry and the field experimental is conducted on the Forest Area for Specific Purpose (KHDTK) of Kemampo to promote cultivation of the species. Result showed that pelawan was mostly used for energy purpose in the form of small timber both used directly as firewood or after being converted into charcoal. Utilization of pelawan as firewood is mostly done by household and several restaurants to get food with distinctive taste but pelawan charcoal is managed as an export commodity product by home industry. Pelawan has strong ability to sprout and stump sprouting became the main regeneration mechanism, however, generative reproduction is an important mechanism to increase its stand productivity. Cultivation trials showed that pelawan can be cultivated in generative reproduction with diameter growth of 4.5 cm and height of 457 cm in the age of 3 years old.
Color changes and smoke penetration of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) and tusam (Pinus merkusii) woods after smoke treatment
Authors: Abdillah I B , Hadi Y S , Massijaya M Y , Pari G , Arsyad W O M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wood color is one of the physical properties that influence aesthetic values. Color has an important place regarding to human’s style. Color can be the preferential factors prior to people when making a decision to purchase wood products. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of smokes period (one-, two-, and three-week) on the color change and smoke penetration of tusam (Pinus merkusii) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) woods. The smoke was generated from pyrolysis of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) wood. Color evaluation was done with CIEL*a*b* method. The assessment of smoke penetration was done with visual identification using ImageJ application. The results demonstrated that smoke treatment resulted in the color change of the wood. Smoke treatment caused value of L* (lightness), a* (red-green), and b* (yellow-blue) of wood treated were decreasing from original wood. The wood was darker with longer period of smoke. Appearance of smoked wood was different totally from original color of wood. In visual identification showed that smoke was penetrated less than 1 mm of each wood. It was found that all smoke periods can be applied for natural coloring for smoky color type.
Farmers’ economic perceptions of demonstration plot development of kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meisner) biomass energy at Parungpanjang research forest: findings from a focus group discussion
Authors: Hendarto K A , Desmiwati  , Danu  , Syamsuwida D , Yuniarti N , Siregar N W , Aminah A , Nugraheni Y M M A , Cahyono D D N , Hidayat A R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Energy needs in Indonesia are increasing and have inverse impacts on the source and production of energy itself. One effort that can be done to overcome this problem is to use biomass energy sources, especially for home industries and people surrounding the forests. This research aims to describe the perceptions of farmers, as potential workers, about the development of Calliandra calothyrsus Meisner wood energy demonstration plot. The Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted in the Parungpanjang research forest. Qualitative content analysis methods were used to explore the data collected from FGD. The results showed that farmers have a positive perception of the development of wood energy demonstration plots. However, they only assume that being a worker in the demonstration plot is only a side job.
Chemical composition of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil and its broad spectrum benefit
Authors: Saputra N A , Wibisono H S , Darmawan S , Pari G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Investigation was conduct to determine the chemical composition of Cymbopogon nardus oil (CNO). Firstly, the leaves of CNO was characterized on its macro nutrient. Distillation was carried out on C. nardus leaves which were air dried conditioning for previous 24 hours. CNO was then analyzed using GCMS Pyrolysis Type Shimadzu QP2010. The nutrient laboratory test found that C.nardus leaves have water content 11.15%, C organic 25.30%, total N 0.77%, C/N ratio (33.00%), total P (0.40%) and total K (1.08%). Literature study on benefit uses were carrying on previous study. A total of 29 active compounds have been identified and quantified by GCMS Shimadzu QP2010. Predominant constituent among them: ammonium carbamate (18.26%), carbinol (13.57%), neophytadiene (11.65%), transgeraniol (6.92%), phenol-methoxy (6.15%), norolean (4.93%), benzofuran (3.9%), guaiacol (3.23%), hexadecen-phytol (3.1%), beta-citronellol (2.69%), trans-caryophyllene (2.61%), alpha.-humulene (2.45%) and valerol (2.38%). A diverse spectrum benefit among: bactericidal activity (BA), anti-fungal, anti-free radicals, waste degradation (agricultural, faecal), insect repellents and natural staple preservation.The constituents of CNO active compound varied related habitat, distillation and analysis method. Agreement among researchers on predominant compounds: citral, citronellal, geranyl acetate, geraniol and citronellol to be responsible compounds on a broad of benefit.