bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Постановка завдання експериментального дослідження з організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах
Authors: Борова Г.О. 
Published: April 2020

В статті показано що сьогодні існують передумови формування методологічної бази та практичних рекомендацій з окремих питань комплексного завдання з організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах. Розглянуто практику використання принципу «знизу-догори» стосовно організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах.
Визначено, що для забезпечення сталості у вирішенні конфліктів в громадах нині існує нагальна потреба у формуванні сталих підходів на локальному рівні: формування регіональних мереж аналітиків конфліктів та посередників у їх вирішенні на регіональному рівні; розробка сучасної інформаційні системи для аналізу, збору та висвітлення інформації про стан трансформації існуючих конфліктів. .
Встановлено, що система моніторингу, оцінювання та аналізу конфліктів в громадах повинна за структурою відповідати зовнішнім функціям, функціям окремих виконавців та організованому циклу роботи з конфліктом. Визначена мета та завдання експериментальних досліджень з організаційного забезпечення взаємодії інституцій щодо попередження та вирішення конфліктів в громадах. Розглянуто основні засади, завдання та складові впровадження експерименту зі створення геоінформаційної системи моніторингу, аналізу, оцінки та вирішення конфліктів в громадах.
Relativistic runaway electron avalanche
Authors: Babich L P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Discussed are the genesis of the concept of the relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) and its mechanism as an analog of the Townsend’s avalanche, but capable of developing, unlike the latter, in weak thundercloud electric fields. Thanks to this, it was possible to overcome difficulties while interpreting results of observations of penetrating emission enhancements in thunderstorm atmospheres. The main inelastic interactions of high-energy electrons with atomic particles participating in the avalanche development are described; in terms of the drag forces, the essence of the runaway process is discussed; and methods of RREA numerical simulation are described. In approximate historical sequence, results of calculations of the spatial and temporal scales of the avalanche enhancement are analyzed and contemporary data on avalanche macroscopic characteristics are given, which is required for numerical simulations of the runaway electrons in the fluid approximation. As an extension to the relativistic range of the mechanism of the classical cathode-directed streamer, relativistic positive feedback is discussed, by means of which a generation of the RREA series, as a self-sustained process, is supported. Laboratory experiments on RREA modeling are described, in one of which the initial stage of the avalanche was produced.

The historical background of the issue is often more interesting than the results obtained.

I P Pavlov (1849–1936), 1904 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology and Medicine
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. MEGA FINANCE CABANG KANDIS KABUPATEN SIAK
Authors: Anuar Saiful 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of work discipline on employee performance at PT. Mega Finance Cabang Kandis Kabupaten Siak. The sample in this research is all employee at PT. Mega Finance Cabang Kandis Kabupaten Siak which amounts to 45 people. Sampling was conducted using a sample of saturated (Sugiyono, 2010:96) "sampling saturated sampling technique when all members of the population used as a sample". While the variables studied in this research is the discipline of work and performance.Analysis of data using simple linear regression method using validity test, reliability test, normality, t test and R2. The tests are conducted to determine the relationship between the independent variables (independent variables) and dependent variable (dependent variable). Based on the results obtained value R-square at 0,711 which means that the discipline of work has contributed a donation of 71,1% to performance employees at PT. Mega Finance Cabang Kandis Kabupaten Siak. Partially acquired discipline of work variable positive and significant impact on the performance employees at PT. Mega Finance Cabang Kandis Kabupaten Siak with simple linear regression equation in this study :Y = 4,954 + 0,738X significantly 0,000 smaller than alpha of 0.05. The final conclusion of this study that partial hypothesis between variables proven discipline of work to performance employees and can be accepted as true.
The central portions of the Cu–Fe–Se phase system at temperatures from 900 to 300 °C
Authors: Makovicky Emil , Karup-Møller Sven 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe central portions of the condensed phase system Cu–Fe–Se were investigated by means of dry syntheses in evacuated silica glass tubes at 900, 750, 600, 500, 450, 350, and 300 °C. Synthesis products were studied by reflected-light microscopy and electron microprobe analyses. The field of sulfide melt is extensive at 900 °C and retreats progressively towards the Cu–Se side at 750 °C; residual selenide melt persists at 600 °C. The selenium analogue of iss was found only at and below 600 °C; eskebornite becomes individualized at and below 500 °C, whereas the selenium analogue of bornite solid solution is present at all investigated temperatures, although with reduced extent on temperature decrease. The three iron selenides (β, γ, δ) display considerable solubility of copper, which for the mackinawite-like β FeSe reaches 14 at.% Cu at 300 °C. FeSe2 displays an immiscibility gap with isotropic solid solution (Cu,Fe)Se2, the composition of which gradually changes towards Cu-rich with decreasing temperature. Similarities and differences with the sulfur-based system are highlighted.
IMPLEMENTASI PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WARISAN DI LUAR PENGADILAN
Authors: Khayati Sri 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui impelementasi penyelesaian perkara warisan yang terjadi pada umumnya di masyarakat desa Moolo Kecamatan Batukara Kabupaten Muna dan untuk mengetahui alasan-alasan masyarakat desa Moolo kecamatan Batukara kabupaten Muna menggunakan penyelesaian perkara warisan di luar pengadilan. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Moolo Kecamatan Barukara maka metode pendekatan yang dipakai adalah yuridis sosiologis yang dilakukan berdasar penelitian yang disusun secara sistematis dan terkontrol atas dasar empiris yang diperoleh dari masyarakat. Kemudian seluruh data yang ada dianalisa secara deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sistem Berdasar hasil penelitian, penulis memperoleh jawaban atas permasalahan yang ada yaitu implementasi penyelesaian perkara warisan yang terjadi pada umumnya di desa Moolo Kecamatan Batukara kabupaten Muna adalah selalu menggunakan musyawarah mufakat untuk menyelesaikannya. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa hukum waris adat masih sangat kuat ada pada masyarakat desa Moolo Kecamatan Batukara Kabupaten Muna, mengalahkan hukum waris islam dan lebih-lebih hukum waris barat (BW). Sedangkan, alasan-alasan masyarakat desa Moolo Kecamatan Batukara Kabupaten Muna menggunakan penyelesaian perkara warisan di luar pengadilan adalah, karena membagi dengan cara seperti ini mengikuti jejak-jejak orang tuanya lebih dahulu atau nenek moyang atau leluhur yang telah mengajarkan kepada mereka. Selain itu, mereka juga berpedoman bahwa harta peninggalan orang tua itu tabu untuk diperebutkan. Selain kedua alasan itu, ada alasan yang sangat fundamental bagi mereka yaitu mereka berpedoman Tuhan maha kaya. Selain itu masih ada alasan lain, yaitu harta peninggalan orang tua harus dilestarikan sebaik-baiknya dalam artian bahwa harta peninggalan dari si pewaris itu harus dijaga sebaik-baiknya, tidak boleh dipergunakan atau bahkan dijual dengan hasilnya dipergunakan untuk keperluan yang tidak penting.
Pengaruh Nilai Budaya Siri’ Na Pacce dalam Pelayanan Publik di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Riswandi Riswandi , Andi Patawari Andi Tenri Yayang , Fathiah Nur 
Published: April 2020

UUD NRI Tahun 1945 merupakan dasar penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang mengatur tentang jaminan atas hak warga negara memperoleh pelayanan publik.Terkait dengan jaminan atas pelayanan publik diatur lebih lanjut dalam Undang- Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 tentang Pelayanan Publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh nilai budaya Siri’ Na Pacce terhadap kualitas pelayanan publik di Kabupaten Bone. Berkaitan dengan rumusan masalah yang mengaitkan antara kualitas pelayanan publik dengan budaya Siri’ Na Pacce. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh tim penulis termasuk jenis penelitian normatif-empiris dan sifat penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif eksploratif yang bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kebenaran dari suatu penelitian. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa budaya Siri’ Na Pacce merupakan salah satu faktor utama sehingga Kabupaten Bone dikatakan sebagai kota beradat. Walaupun sebagian besar masyarakat belum mengenal istilah atau budaya Siri’ na Pacce tersebut.
The Satellite Luminosity Function of M101 into the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy Regime
Authors: Bennet P. , Sand D. J. , Crnojević D. , Spekkens K. , Karunakaran A. , Zaritsky D. , Mutlu-Pakdil B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We have obtained deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of four faint and ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidates in the vicinity of M101–Dw21, Dw22, Dw23 and Dw35, originally discovered by Bennet et al. Previous distance estimates using the surface brightness fluctuation technique have suggested that these four dwarf candidates are the only remaining viable M101 satellites identified in ground-based imaging out to the virial radius of M101 (D ≈ 250 kpc). Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging of all four dwarf candidates shows no associated resolved stellar populations, indicating that they are thus background galaxies. We confirm this by generating simulated HST color–magnitude diagrams of similar brightness dwarfs at the distance of M101. Our targets would have displayed clear, resolved red giant branches with dozens of stars if they had been associated with M101. With this information, we construct a satellite luminosity function for M101, which is 90% complete to M

V
= −7.7 mag and 50% complete to M

V
= −7.4 mag, that extends into the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy regime. The M101 system is remarkably poor in satellites in comparison to the Milky Way and M31, with only eight satellites down to an absolute magnitude of M

V
= −7.7 mag, compared to the 14 and 26 seen in the Milky Way and M31, respectively. Further observations of Milky Way analogs are needed to understand the halo-to-halo scatter in their faint satellite systems, and connect them with expectations from cosmological simulations.
Une décennie de « Caux Round Table » : le réseau patronal transnational du Réarmement moral, entre tournant néo-libéral et éthique d’entreprise (1986-1996)
Authors: Bonvin Audrey 
Published: April 2020

Notre contribution vise à présenter la première décennie de l’existence d’un groupe patronal américano-nippo-européen encore méconnu par l’historiographie contemporaine, portant le nom de « Caux Round Table » (CRT). Se réunissant annuellement dès 1986 en Suisse, sur les hauteurs de Montreux dans le Caux-Palace, celui-ci rassemble des dirigeants d’entreprise à l’initiative de Frederik Jacques Philips, Olivier Giscard d’Estaing et Ryuzaburo Kaku. L’article présente le contexte des conférences industrielles qui précèdent les CRT avant de traiter de leur réseau, composé majoritairement de patrons de multinationales du secteur secondaire, pour la plupart actifs dans les milieux chrétiens à titre privé. Est ensuite abordée la concrétisation de ces discours dans l’espace public sous la forme d’un guide de management éthique en 1994. Nous lions la définition du « capitalisme moral » des CRT à celle de la chevalerie économique d’Alfred Marshall. Enfin, nous soulignons l’importance qu’il y a à prendre en compte la sociabilité religieuse des élites dans l’analyse de réseaux transnationaux, cette approche permettant d’appréhender dans toute sa complexité tant le profil des acteurs et leurs motivations parfois paradoxales, mais également l’origine, la nature et l’ampleur de leur collaboration.
A Systematic Review of Subclinical Keratoconus and Forme Fruste Keratoconus
Authors: Henriquez Maria A. , Hadid Marta , Izquierdo Luis 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE:
To identify the definitions used for the terms sub-clinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus in published articles.

METHODS:
This was a prospective, systematic literature review of the electronic database in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS Database of all studies using the keywords “subclinical keratoconus” and/or “forme fruste keratoconus” until August 18, 2017. Two independent reviewers analyzed the data. The inclusion criteria for articles were having analyzed subclinical keratoconus or forme fruste keratoconus eyes with a sample size greater than 10 eyes; containing the definition of subclinical keratoconus or forme fruste keratoconus; and the quality of published reports was assessed using standards quality index methods. The following aspects of the selected articles were then analyzed: inclusion criteria for definition and technology used.

RESULTS:
A total of 198 and 95 studies, respectively, including the definition of subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus were collected in an initial search, of which 165 and 73 studies, respectively, were excluded. Definitions for subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus included the criteria of having keratoconus in the fellow eye in 72.72% (24 of 33) and 77.27% (17 of 22) of the articles, respectively. A total of 96.97% (32 of 33) and 90.90% (20 of 22) of the studies used more than one parameter to define subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus, respectively. The most common extra parameters included normal slit-lamp examination and cornea on slit-lamp biomicroscopy and inferior-superior asymmetry and/or bowtie pattern with skewed radial axes.

CONCLUSIONS:
This review demonstrates the lack of unified criteria to define subclinical keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus. According to the literature review, the most common subclinical keratoconus definition used refers to an eye with topographic signs of keratoconus and/or suspicious topographic findings under normal slit-lamp examination and keratoconus in the fellow eye and the most common forme fruste keratoconus definition refers to an eye with normal topography, normal slit-lamp examination, and keratoconus in the fellow eye.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(4):270–279.]
Towards Accessible Mental Healthcare through Augmented Reality and Self-Assessment Tools
Authors: Lush Victoria , Buckingham Christopher , Edwards Suzanne , Bernardet Ulysses 
Published: April 2020

Mental health presents a growing public health concern worldwide with mental illnesses affecting people’s quality of life and causing an economic impact on societies. The rapidly increasing demand for mental healthcare is calling for new ways of disseminating mental health knowledge and for supporting people with mental health illnesses. As an alternative to traditional mental health therapies and treatments, mental health self-assessment and self-management tools become widely available to the public. While such tools can potentially offer more timely personalised support, individuals seeking help are faced with the challenge of making an appropriate choice from an exhaustive number of online tools, mobile apps, and support programs.In this article, we present myGRaCE – a self-assessment and self-management mental health tool made accessible to users via Augmented Reality technologies. The advantage of the system is that it provides a direct pathway to relevant and reliable mental health resources and offers a positive incentive and interventions for at-risk users. The system offers service users the resources to gain a better understanding of their mental state and increase control of their mental health conditions via self-monitoring and self-help.
GILT in Thymic Epithelial Cells Facilitates Central CD4 T Cell Tolerance to a Tissue-Restricted, Melanoma-Associated Self-Antigen
Authors: Rausch Matthew P. , Meador Lydia R. , Metzger Todd C. , Li Handong , Qiu Shenfeng , Anderson Mark S. , Hastings K. Taraszka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Central tolerance prevents autoimmunity, but also limits T cell responses to potentially immunodominant tumor epitopes with limited expression in healthy tissues. In peripheral APCs, γ-IFN–inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II–restricted presentation of disulfide bond–containing proteins, including the self-antigen and melanoma Ag tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1). The role of GILT in thymic Ag processing and generation of central tolerance has not been investigated. We found that GILT enhanced the negative selection of TRP1-specific thymocytes in mice. GILT expression was enriched in thymic APCs capable of mediating deletion, namely medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and dendritic cells, whereas TRP1 expression was restricted solely to mTECs. GILT facilitated MHC class II–restricted presentation of endogenous TRP1 by pooled thymic APCs. Using bone marrow chimeras, GILT expression in thymic epithelial cells (TECs), but not hematopoietic cells, was sufficient for complete deletion of TRP1-specific thymocytes. An increased frequency of TRP1-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells was present in chimeras with increased deletion of TRP1-specific thymocytes. Only chimeras that lacked GILT in both TECs and hematopoietic cells had a high conventional T/Treg cell ratio and were protected from melanoma challenge. Thus, GILT expression in thymic APCs, and mTECs in particular, preferentially facilitates MHC class II–restricted presentation, negative selection, and increased Treg cells, resulting in a diminished antitumor response to a tissue-restricted, melanoma-associated self-antigen.
Formadores de docentes y diversidad de clase: Tensiones, limitaciones y posibilidades de lo educativo
Authors: Millán La Rivera Cecilia 
Published: April 2020

Esta investigación se sitúa en el contexto de las desigualdades educativas en Chile y de la relación entre la estructura social y las trayectorias educativas. Se analiza el concepto de "posición docente" de los formadores con relación a estudiantes de colegios privados y municipales y su diferencia en la esfera social. La posición docente que se aborda en dos ámbitos: el sentir hacia la riqueza y pobreza y los discursos en el ámbito pedagógico de los estudiantes de ambos establecimientos. Es un estudio cualitativo, en el que se entrevistó a 27 formadores de estudiantes de las carreras de Pedagogía Educación Básica y Parvularia, pertenecientes a seis universidades de tres regiones del país. Se concluye que no existen diferencias significativas entre instituciones y carreras. Los formadores manifiestan una dualidad y tensión entre los dos ámbitos de estudio, expresan confianza en que la pobreza puede ser superada a través de las oportunidades de la escuela, pero al mismo tiempo refuerzan el déficit de los estudiantes, familias y la escuela pública. Esta tensión, entre las posibilidades de cambio y el déficit, debilita las posibilidades de lo educativo.
Las redes sociales virtuales: Espacios de socialización y definición de identidad
Authors: Del Prete Annachiara , Redon Pantoja Silvia 
Published: April 2020

El propósito del estudio ha sido identificar los mecanismos que influyen en la construcción de identidades on-line de las y los adolescentes, como correlato de la alteridad, es decir, las formas de relacionarse y de reconocerse en los otros/otras; y por esto se analizan 36 entrevistas etnográficas semiestructuradas, aplicadas a estudiantes entre 12 y 18 años, pertenecientes a todos los sectores sociales de la región de Valparaíso, Chile. El diseño metodológico utiliza la técnica de análisis de contenido, priorizando una perspectiva interpretativa crítica, que levanta categorías vinculadas a la autodefinición y procesos de identificación del sujeto, que, desde la construcción de la identidad en red, se acentúan y enfatizan en la configuración identitaria, la aceptación y el reconocimiento de los otros, induciendo, a menudo, una subjetividad moldeada a las exigencias de una audiencia siempre más exigente, que puede limitar la libertad de gestos, opiniones y específicamente la autonomía propia de una moral autónoma.
Fluid-mediated, brittle–ductile deformation at seismogenic depth – Part 2: Stress history and fluid pressure variations in a shear zone in a nuclear waste repository (Olkiluoto Island, Finland)
Authors: Prando Francesca , Menegon Luca , Anderson Mark , Marchesini Barbara , Mattila Jussi , Viola Giulio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The microstructural record of fault rocks active at the brittle–ductile transition zone (BDTZ) may retain information on the rheological parameters driving the switch in deformation mode and on the role of stress and fluid pressure in controlling different fault slip behaviours. In this study we analysed the deformation microstructures of the strike-slip fault zone BFZ045 in Olkiluoto (SW Finland), located in the site of a deep geological repository for nuclear waste. We combined microstructural analysis, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and mineral chemistry data to reconstruct the variations in pressure, temperature, fluid pressure, and differential stress that mediated deformation and strain localization along BFZ045 across the BDTZ. BFZ045 exhibits a mixed ductile–brittle deformation, with a narrow (<20 cm thick) brittle fault core with cataclasites and pseudotachylytes that overprint a wider (60–100 cm thick) quartz-rich mylonite. Mylonitic deformation took place at 400–500 ∘C and 3–4 kbar, typical of the greenschist facies metamorphism at the base of the seismogenic crust. We used the recrystallized grain size piezometry for quartz to document a progressive increase in differential stress, from ca. 50 to ca. 120 MPa, towards the shear zone centre during mylonitization and strain localization. Syn-kinematic quartz veins formed along the mylonitic foliation due to transiently high pore fluid pressure (up to lithostatic value). The overprint of the veins by dynamic recrystallization and mylonitic creep is further evidence of the occurrence of brittle events under overall ductile conditions. We propose a conceptual model in which the ductile–brittle deformation cycle was controlled by transient oscillations in fluid pressure and progressively higher differential stress, possibly occurring in a narrowing shear zone deforming towards the peak strength of the crust at the BDTZ.