bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in patients with uveitis: data from the ULISSE study (Uveitis: cLInical and medico-economic evaluation of a Standardised Strategy for the Etiological diagnosis)
Authors: Bertrand Pierre-jean , Jamilloux Yvan , Kodjikian Laurent , Errera Marie-Helene , Perard Laurent , Pugnet Gregory , Tieulie Nathalie , Andre Marc , Bielefeld Philip , Bron Alain M , Decullier Evelyne , Bin Sylvie , Seve Pascal 
Published: July 2020

AimsTo assess vision-related (VR-QOL) and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) in a large series of patients with de novo uveitis at baseline and 6-month follow-up.MethodsNon-inferiority, prospective, multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial registered under the Unique Identifier: NCT01162070. VR-QOL and HR-QOL were assessed by the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36).ResultsAt inclusion, 466 patients completed the VFQ-25. The mean composite score was 80.0 (±16.7). In multivariate analysis, higher age, female sex and insidious onset were significantly associated with lower QOL. At 6 months, 138 patients completed the VFQ-25, with a significantly higher mean composite score of 82.6 (±16.7). SF-36 mental component was 42.9 (±11.3) and physical component was 47.2 (±8.5) at inclusion (n=425). HR-QOL improvement at 6 months was not clinically significant.ConclusionQOL seems relatively well preserved in this cohort; only VR-QOL improved significantly at 6 months, especially in patients with low initial visual acuity.
Berkson’s bias in biobank sampling in a specialised mental health care setting: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Laliberté Vincent , Giguère Charles-Edouard , Potvin Stéphane , Lesage Alain 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether studying aetiological pathways of depression, in particular the well-established determinant of childhood trauma, only in a specialised mental healthcare setting can yield biased estimates of the aetiological association, given that the majority of individuals are treated in primary care settings.Design and settingTwo databanks were used in this study. The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) on Mental Health and Well-Being 2012 is a national survey about mental health of adult Canadians. It measured common mental disorders and utilisation of services. The Signature mental health biobank includes adults from the Island of Montreal recruited at the emergency department of a major university mental health centre. After consent, participants filled standardised psychosocial questionnaires, gave blood samples, and their clinical diagnosis was recorded. We compared the cohort of depressed individuals from CCHS and Signature in contact with specialised services with those in contact with primary care or not in treatment.ParticipantsThere were 860 participants with depression in the CCHS and 207 participants with depression in the Signature Bank.Primary and secondary outcomesThe Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire was used to measure childhood trauma in both settings. Childhood trauma is associated with depression as with other common mental and physical disorders.ResultsIndividuals with depression in the CCHS who reported having been hospitalised for psychiatric treatment or having seen a psychiatrist or those from Signature were found to be more strongly associated with childhood abuse than individuals with depression who were treated in primary care settings or did not seek mental healthcare in the preceding year.ConclusionsBerkson’s bias limits the generalisability of aetiological associations observed in such university-hospital-based biobanks, but the problem can be remedied by broadening recruitment to primary care settings and the general population.
Examining the effect of underlying individual preferences for present over future on lung cancer screening participation: a cross-sectional analysis of a Korean National Cancer Screening Survey
Authors: Lee Jaeho , Kim Yeol , Suh Mina , Hong Seri , Choi Kui Son 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the effect of underlying individual preferences for the present over that for the future on lung cancer screening participation.SettingWe analysed the data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey in 2018.Participants4500 adults aged 20–74 years old participated in the study.DesignIn this cross-sectional survey, multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between subjects’ intention to participate in lung cancer screening and individual preferences. The underlying individual preferences were measured on the basis of the self-reported general willingness to spend money now in order to save money in the future and general preferences with regard to financial planning.Primary outcome measureIntention to participate in lung cancer screening.ResultsIndividuals eligible for lung cancer screening who place less value on their future were around four times less likely to report an intention to participate in lung cancer screening than were those who valued their future (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.89 to 7.90). A present-biassed individual (one with a tendency for immediate gratification) was also about four times less likely to report an intention to participate in screening than an individual with no present bias (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.57).ConclusionsUnderlying individual preferences regarding the present and future significantly affect individuals’ intention to participate in lung cancer screening. Hence, provision of incentives may be necessary to encourage the targeted heavy smokers who may have a strong preferences for the present over future.
Infant formula composition and educational performance: a protocol to extend follow-up for a set of randomised controlled trials using linked administrative education records
Authors: Verfürden Maximiliane , Harron Katie , Jerrim John , Fewtrell Mary , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThe effect of infant nutrition on long-term cognition is important for parents and policy makers. However, most clinical trials typically have short follow-up periods, when measures of cognition are poorly predictive of later function. The few trials with longer-term follow-up have high levels of attrition, which can lead to selection bias, and in turn to erroneous interpretation of long-term harms and benefits of infant nutrition. We address the need for unbiased, long-term follow-up, by linking measures of educational performance from administrative education records. Educational performance is a meaningful marker of cognitive function in children and it is strongly correlated with IQ. We aim to evaluate educational performance for children who, as infants, were part of a series of trials that randomised participants to either nutritionally modified infant formula or standard formula. Most trialists anticipated positive effects of these interventions on later cognitive function.Methods and analysisUsing data from 1923 participants of seven randomised infant formula trials linked to the English National Pupil Database (NPD), this study will provide new insights into the effect of nutrient intake in infancy on school achievement. Our primary outcome will be the mean differences in z-scores between intervention and control groups for a compulsory Mathematics exam sat at age 16. Secondary outcomes will be z-scores for a compulsory English exam at age 16 and z-scores for compulsory Mathematics and English exams at age 11. We will also evaluate intervention effects on the likelihood of receiving special educational needs (SEN) support. All analyses will be performed separately by trial.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval, and approval from the Health Research Authority Confidentiality Advisory Group, has been obtained for this study. The results of this study will be disseminated to scientific, practitioner, and lay audiences, submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, and will contribute towards a PhD dissertation.
Measuring the impact of a social programme on healthcare: a 10-year retrospective cohort study in Trieste, Italy
Authors: Castriotta Luigi , Giangreco Manuela , Cogliati-Dezza Maria Grazia , Spanò Marco , Atrigna Enrico , Ehrenfreund Claudia , Rosolen Valentina , Paoletti Flavio , Barbone Fabio 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesPoor social conditions are strong determinants of poor health but positive health and healthcare changes caused by social interventions are difficult to demonstrate. In 2006, in Trieste (Italy), a social intervention known as ‘Habitat Microaree’ (HM) project was implemented in eight deprived neighbourhoods. In 2016, an observational study was launched to assess the impact of the HM project on healthcare.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe eight geographically defined neighbourhoods of Trieste involved in the 2006 HM project, accounting for a total of 11 380 residents.ParticipantsParticipants were all residents in the intervention areas. By means of a propensity score based on deprivation index, age, sex, Charlson index and drug utilisation, a non-participating, comparison group was defined.InterventionThe community-based intervention consisted of facilitating access to social services and outpatient healthcare facilities, coordinating intersectoral public services and specifically planning hospital discharge. These services were not provided in other areas of the city.Outcome measuresHospital admissions and emergency department access.ResultsWe followed 16 256 subjects between 2008 and 2015. Living in microareas was associated with an HR for first hospital admission, for all causes, of 0.95 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.99); while the HR for urgent admissions in females was 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.00). The HR for psychiatric disorders, in females, was 0.39 (95%CI 0.18 to 0.82); in particular, the HR for psychosis was 0.15 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.51). The HR for acute respiratory diseases in females was 0.44 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.95). In males, the HR for genitourinary diseases and heart diseases were 0.65 (95% CI 0.42 to 1.01) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.97), respectively. Concerning urgent multiple admissions, the OR for fractures in females was 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.97).ConclusionIn the study period, the effects on healthcare appear evident, especially in females.
Trajectories of health system use and survival for community-dwelling persons with dementia: a cohort study
Authors: Bronskill Susan E , Maclagan Laura C , Walker Jennifer D , Guan Jun , Wang Xuesong , Ng Ryan , Rochon Paula A , Yates Erika A , Vermeulen Marian J , Maxwell Colleen J 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the long-term trajectories of health system use by persons with dementia as they remain in the community over time.DesignPopulation-based cohort study using health administrative data.SettingOntario, Canada from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2014.Participants62 622 community-dwelling adults aged 65+ years with prevalent dementia on 1 April 2007 matched 1:1 to persons without dementia based on age, sex and comorbidity.Main outcome measuresRates of health service use, long-term care placement and mortality over time.ResultsAfter 7 years, 49.0% of persons with dementia had spent time in long-term care (6.8% without) and 64.5% had died (30.0% without). Persons with dementia were more likely than those without to use home care (rate ratio (RR) 3.02, 95% CI 2.93 to 3.11) and experience hospitalisations with a discharge delay (RR 2.36, 95% CI 2.30 to 2.42). As they remained in the community, persons with dementia used home care at a growing rate (10.7%, 95% CI 10.0 to 11.3 increase per year vs 6.7%, 95% CI 4.3 to 9.0 per year among those without), but rates of acute care hospitalisation remained constant (0.6%, 95% CI −0.6 to 1.9 increase per year).ConclusionsWhile persons with dementia used more health services than those without dementia over time, the rate of change in use differed by service type. These results, particularly enumerating the increased intensity of home care service use, add value to capacity planning initiatives where limited budgets require balancing services.
Non-compliant and compliant balloons for endovascular rescue therapy of cerebral vasospasm after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: experiences of a single-centre institution with radiological follow-up of the treated vessel segments
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Küchler Jan , Ditz Claudia , Krajewski Kara , Leppert Jan , Schramm Peter , Schacht Hannes 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundFor endovascular rescue therapy (ERT) of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) due to spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (sSAH), non-compliant (NCB) and compliant (CB) balloons are used with both balloon types bearing the risk of vessel injury due to specific mechanical properties. Although severe delayed arterial narrowing after transluminal balloon angioplasty (TBA) for CVS has sporadically been described, valid data concerning incidence and relevance are missing. Our aim was to analyse the radiological follow-up (RFU) of differently TBA-treated arteries (CB or NCB).MethodsTwelve patients with utilisation of either NCB or CB for CVS were retrospectively analysed for clinical characteristics, ERT, functional outcome after 3 months and RFU. Compared with the initial angiogram, we classified delayed arterial narrowing as mild, moderate and severe (<30%, 30%–60%, respectively >60% calibre reduction).ResultsTwenty-three arteries were treated with CB, seven with NCB. The median first RFU was 11 months after TBA with CB and 10 after NCB. RFU was performed with catheter angiography in 18 arteries (78%) treated with CB and in five (71%) after NCB; magnetic resonance angiography was acquired in five vessels (22%) treated with CB and in two (29%) after NCB. Mild arterial narrowing was detected in three arteries (13%) after CB and in one (14%) after NCB. Moderate or severe findings were neither detected after use of CB nor NCB.ConclusionWe found no relevant delayed arterial narrowing after TBA for CVS after sSAH. Despite previous assumptions that CB provides for more dilatation in segments adjacent to CVS, we observed no disadvantages concerning long-term adverse effects. Our data support TBA as a low-risk treatment option.
Analysis of potential associations of JUUL flavours with health symptoms based on user-generated data from Reddit
Authors: Luo Joyce , Chen Long , Lu Xinyi , Yuan Jianbo , Xie Zidian , Li Dongmei 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe rise of the popular e-cigarette, JUUL, has been partly attributed to various teen-friendly e-liquid flavours offered. However, the possible health risks associated with each e-liquid flavour still remain unclear. This research focuses on the possible associations between JUUL flavours and health symptoms using social media data from Reddit.MethodsKeyword filtering was used to obtain 5,746 JUUL flavour-related posts and 7927 health symptom-related posts from June 2015 to April 2019 from Reddit. Posts from September 2016 to April 2019 were used to conduct temporal analysis for nine health symptom categories and the 8 JUUL flavours. Finally, associations between the JUUL flavours and health symptom categories were examined on the user level using generalised estimating equation models.ResultsAccording to our temporal analysis, Mango and Mint were the most discussed JUUL flavours on Reddit. Respiratory and throat symptoms were the most discussed health issues together with JUUL on Reddit over time. Respiratory symptoms had potential associations with the Mango, Mint and Fruit JUUL flavours. Digestive symptoms had a potential association with the Crème flavour, psychological symptoms had a potential association with the Cucumber flavour, and cardiovascular symptoms had a potential association with the tobacco flavours.ConclusionsMango and Mint were the two most mentioned JUUL flavours on Reddit. Certain JUUL flavours were more likely to be mentioned together with certain categories of health symptoms by the same Reddit users. Our findings could prompt further medical research into the health symptoms associated with different e-liquid flavours.
Soil-water characteristic curves of bentonites in isochoric conditions during wetting: measurement and prediction
Authors: Bharat Tadikonda Venkata , Gapak Yagom 
Published: July 2020

The determination of the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of compacted bentonites in the isochoric condition is a prerequisite for unsaturated flow simulations in several geoenvironmental applications. The SWCC data are, however, not readily available for many compacted bentonites over a wide suction range due to difficulties associated with the testing. In this work, wetting SWCCs of four Indian bentonites of different plasticity were established experimentally at compaction dry densities of 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 Mg/m3 in isochoric conditions using two independent laboratory techniques in different suction ranges. The modified Kovács (MK) model was extended to simulate the SWCC data of the Indian bentonites. Empirical relationships between MK model parameters and compaction dry density for these bentonites were established. A theoretical procedure for the estimation of SWCCs of the compacted bentonites based on the basic bentonite properties and proposed correlations was proposed and validated on the available wetting SWCC data of compacted GaoMiaoZi (GMZ), MX80, and FEBEX bentonites from the literature studies. The proposed method predicts the wetting SWCCs of compacted powder bentonites, in volume-restrained condition, from the basic properties satisfactorily. The proposed model is an approximate method for predicting the SWCCs of bentonites in the absence of measured data and in understanding the influence of dry density and plasticity.
Scaling properties of direct photon yields in heavy ion collisions
Authors: Khachatryan Vladimir , Praszałowicz Michał 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA recent analysis from the PHENIX collaboration of available direct photon measurement results in collisions of various systems such as Au+Au, Cu+Cu, and Pb+Pb, at different beam energies ranging from 39 to 2760 GeV, has shown a universal, within experimental uncertainties, multiplicity scaling, in which direct photon $$p_{T}$$pT-spectra for transverse momenta up to 2 GeV/c are scaled with charged hadron pseudorapidity density at midrapidity raised to power $$\alpha =1.25$$α=1.25. On the other hand, those direct photon $$p_{T}$$pT-spectra also exhibit geometrical scaling in the similar $$p_{T}$$pT range. Assuming power-law dependence of the scaled photon spectra for both scaling laws, we formulate two independent conditions for the power $$\alpha $$α, which overshoot experimental data by $$\sim 10\%$$∼10% on average. We discuss possible sources that might improve this estimate.
PD-L1 Protein Expression on Both Tumor Cells and Macrophages are Associated with Response to Neoadjuvant Durvalumab with Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ahmed Fahad Shabbir , Gaule Patricia , McGuire John , Patel Katir , Blenman Kim , Pusztai Lajos , Rimm David L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
In both the IMpassion 130 trial in the metastatic setting and in Keynote 522 in the neoadjuvant setting, patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed benefit from PD-1 axis immunotherapy. Here, we assess PD-L1 expression on both tumor and immune cells using quantitative immunofluorescence to assess association with benefit from neoadjuvant durvalumab concurrent with chemotherapy in TNBC.

Experimental Design:
Pretreatment core needle biopsies (n = 69) were obtained from patients who participated in a phase I/II clinical trial (NCT02489448). The final analysis included 45 patients [pathologic complete response (pCR) = 18, non-pCR = 27] due to technical issues and insufficient tissue. Slides were stained using a previously validated Ultivue DNA-based Ultimapper kit (CD8, CD68, PD-L1, Cytokeratin/Sox10, and Hoechst counterstain). The PD-L1 expression was analyzed by molecular compartmentalization without segmentation using AQUA software (version 3.2.2.1) in three tissue compartments including tumor (cytokeratin-positive cells), CD68+ cells, and overall stroma.

Results:
In patients with pCR, PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in tumor cells, in CD68+ cells and in the stroma compared with patients non-pCR. There was no difference in the amount of CD68+ cells in the tumor or stromal compartments between cases with pCR and non-pCR.

Conclusions:
Expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, immune cells in stroma, and colocalized with CD68+ cells is associated with higher rates of pCR to durvalumab and chemotherapy in TNBC.
The Genomic Landscape of SMARCA4 Alterations and Associations with Outcomes in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Schoenfeld Adam J. , Bandlamudi Chai , Lavery Jessica A. , Montecalvo Joseph , Namakydoust Azadeh , Rizvi Hira , Egger Jacklynn , Concepcion Carla P. , Paul Sonal , Arcila Maria E. , Daneshbod Yahya , Chang Jason , Sauter Jennifer L. , Beras Amanda , Ladanyi Marc , Jacks Tyler , Rudin Charles M. , Taylor Barry S. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Heller Glenn , Hellmann Matthew D. , Rekhtman Natasha , Riely Gregory J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
SMARCA4 mutations are among the most common recurrent alterations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the relationship to other genomic abnormalities and clinical impact has not been established.

Experimental Design:
To characterize SMARCA4 alterations in NSCLC, we analyzed the genomic, protein expression, and clinical outcome data of patients with SMARCA4 alterations treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering.

Results:
In 4,813 tumors from patients with NSCLC, we identified 8% (n = 407) of patients with SMARCA4-mutant lung cancer. We describe two categories of SMARCA4 mutations: class 1 mutations (truncating mutations, fusions, and homozygous deletion) and class 2 mutations (missense mutations). Protein expression loss was associated with class 1 mutation (81% vs. 0%, P &lt; 0.001). Both classes of mutation co-occurred more frequently with KRAS, STK11, and KEAP1 mutations compared with SMARCA4 wild-type tumors (P &lt; 0.001). In patients with metastatic NSCLC, SMARCA4 alterations were associated with shorter overall survival, with class 1 alterations associated with shortest survival times (P &lt; 0.001). Conversely, we found that treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) was associated with improved outcomes in patients with SMARCA4-mutant tumors (P = 0.01), with class 1 mutations having the best response to ICIs (P = 0.027).

Conclusions:
SMARCA4 alterations can be divided into two clinically relevant genomic classes associated with differential protein expression as well as distinct prognostic and treatment implications. Both classes co-occur with KEAP1, STK11, and KRAS mutations, but individually represent independent predictors of poor prognosis. Despite association with poor outcomes, SMARCA4-mutant lung cancers may be more sensitive to immunotherapy.