bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic Survey of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra States of Indian Continent
Authors: Potdar V. V. , Gaundare Y. S. , Khadse J. R. , Joshi Sachin , Swaminathan Marimuthu 
Published: May 2020

Dairy farming plays a very important role in improving the economy of rural India. The study was conducted to explore the socio-economic profile of dairy farmers and farmers feedback about dairy development project. The survey was conducted to study the education status, family structure, education status and management of animals, different patterns of rearing of dairy animals and status of milk production. Data was collected from the 3000 dairy farmers of three states namely Maharashtra, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh during year 2016 .Concentration of poor farmers was relatively high in Bihar (35.5%), followed by Uttar Pradesh (30.9%) and 16.3% in case of Maharashtra. Average family size show 8.74 members per household in Bihar, 6.76 members in Uttar Pradesh and 6.17 members in Maharashtra. Results revealed that majority of the families were nuclear families. Main source of income was agriculture which includes livestock farming. As regards to the size of land owned, nearly 56% of the landowners were Marginal farmers (owning 0.1 -1 ha of land), 23% were small (1.1-2 ha) landowners while about 12% farmers owned above 2 ha of land. Literacy level was higher among farmers of Maharashtra (71.6%) as compared to Uttar Pradesh (65.8%) and Bihar (65.4%). Majority of the farmers followed mixed cropping system, Maximum number of cows and buffaloes were owned by the farmers of Maharashtra i.e. 3.37 cows and 1.42 buffaloes, followed by Uttar Pradesh (1.60 cows & 1.42 buffaloes) and Bihar (1.75 cows & 0.24 buffaloes).Farmers of Maharashtra owned maximum percentage of crossbred cows (90.97%), followed by Uttar Pradesh (83.4%) and Bihar (75.9%).Maharashtra farmers possessed maximum number of upgraded buffaloes (79.4%), followed by Bihar (55.7%) and Uttar Pradesh (51.5%). In study of average quantity of milk produced by cows was higher among the crossbred cows (10.18 litres), in indigenous cows it was (4.47 litres) and 4.23 liters in Non-Descript cows. The data shows the same pattern of milk produced across the three states with slight variation. In buffaloes, the average quantity of milk produced was observed to be higher among the upgraded buffaloes (8.42 litres) as compared to Non-Descript buffaloes (5.17 litres). Respondents appreciated the fact that due to dairy development project by BAIF their family and social status have increased.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Water and Some Selected Fish Species in River Ofin, Ado-Ekiti
Authors: Opeyemi Idowu Eunice , Olatunde Olorunfemi Omotolani 
Published: May 2020

This study investigates the physico-chemical parameters of water and quantification of heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead, chromium and cadmium) in the gill, liver and flesh of Oreochromis niloticus, Hemichromis fasciatus, Sarotherodon galilaeus and Oreochromis aureus in River Ofin, fortnightly at two sampling points (Point 1- upper stream and Point 2- downstream) from October to December, 2019, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer by the calibration plot method. Three processes were involved; standard preparation, equipment calibration and sample analysis Mean values of the parameters were; Temperature; 27.18±0.15°C, pH; 7.06±0.10, Turbidity; 9.0±0.94 Ntu, Conductivity; 236.10±0.53 µs/cm, DO; 6.67±0.16 mg/l and BOD; 6.87±0.81 mg/l. Mean values of the concentration of the heavy metals in the water were; Zn; 0.31±0.01 mg/l, Cu; 0.26±0.01 mg/l, Pb; 0.13±0.01 mg/l, (Pb in water was higher than the highest value 0.12±0.003 (P≤0.05) recorded in fish) Cr; 0.12±0.01 mg/l and Cd; 0.002±0.001 mg/l while the concentration of heavy metals in fish varies from species to species as it displayed species differences. Heavy metal concentration in water is in this order: Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd. The presence of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Cd were confirmed in all the fish species expect Cd that was discovered only in the gill of S. galilaeus. Metals in fish gills is in the order of Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd for the four species, for liver and flesh/muscle in O. niloticus and H fasciatus it is Cu>Zn>Cr. Pb was detected only in the gill of O. niloticus, the liver and flesh lack Pb. Other fish species parts showed different Pb concentrations with the highest value (0.12±0.003) recorded in the gill of O. aureus. This study showed that Cd, Cr, Zn, and Cu were in the maximum acceptable limit range (Cr; 0.44, Zn; 5.04, Cu; 1.37 and Cd; 0.20) while Pb in water and fish was slightly above the maximum acceptable limit range (Pb; 0.04) by FAO/WHO. Lead poisoning is ranked among the most common environmental health hazard even at low levels. Periodic monitoring by relevant regulatory authorities is recommended to ensure safety of the water and fish consuming populace.
Economics of Hybrid Maize Production Using of Lignite and Poultry Manure Based Humin in an Acid Soil of Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: . Chandrakant , Kadalli G. G. , Basavaraja P. K. 
Published: May 2020

Aims: To study the effect of lignite humin (LH) and poultry manure humin (PMH) application on economics of hybrid maize production in an acid soil of eastern dry zone of Karnataka.
Study Design: Randomized complete block design (RCBD) comprising ten treatments and three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Hadonahalli, Bengaluru rural district (Karnataka) during kharif 2018.
Methodology: A field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with ten treatments, replicated thrice during kharif 2018 at Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Hadonahalli, Bengaluru rural district, Karnataka. The Lignite Humin (LH) and Poultry Manure Humin (PH) were applied at different doses (0, 2.5, 7.5 & 10 t ha-1) in combination with FYM (Farm Yard Manure) applied in such a way that the total quantity of humin and FYM is equivalent to 10 t ha-1.
Results: The results revealed that significant variation was observed on yield and benefit: Cost ratio due to application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), LH and PMH. Significantly higher maize kernel (8070 kg ha-1) and stover yield (9948 kg ha-1) were recorded in treatment T2 (100% RDF + FYM @ 10 t ha-1) and which was found on par with treatment T7 (100% RDF + PMH @ 2.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1) and T3 (100% RDF + LH @ 2.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 7.5 t ha-1) and T8 (100% RDF + PMH @ 5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 5 t ha-1). Wherein, higher B:C ratio of 2.24 was recorded in treatment T10 receiving 100% RDF + PMH @ 10 t ha-1and it was followed by treatment receiving T2(2.21) and T9 : 100% RDF + PMH @ 7.5 t ha-1 + FYM @ 2.5 t ha-1 (2.20). Whereas the least B:C ratio (1.72) was observed in the absolute control treatment where no manures and fertilizers were given.
Conclusion: These results suggest that higher B:C ratio in these treatments might be due to lower cost of cultivation and it increases with increased in dose of lignite and poultry manure based humin.
To Determine the Effect of Sleep on Anxiety, Depression and Its Correlation with Academic Performance in First M.B.B.S Students
Authors: Belsare Vinita H. , Munghate Sarika C. , Agrawal Sanjay , Belsare Hrishikesh 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Sleep deprivation causes serious health hazards. Anxiety and depression are common correlates found. There had been direct correlation with sleep quality and academic performances.
Objectives: To determine the effect of sleep on the mental health i.e. anxiety and depression among the first year medical students and also to see the effect of sleep, anxiety and depression on academic performance.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Medical college, Questionnaire was asked regarding the time to fall asleep and duration of sleep. Hamilton’s anxiety scale and Hamilton’s depression scale was applied to the study group.
Results: Mild anxiety (83%) is common than the depression (20%) in study group which may be the result of academic stress. The study also demonstrate severity of anxiety and depression goes hand in hand. The result also shows, depression and anxiety have indirect relationships with the duration of sleep that is as sleep hours decreases the anxiety, and depression score increases. The anxiety and the depression score were higher in the students who’s timing to sleep was after midnight, but the difference was not statistically significant as compared to the students who’s timing to sleep was before midnight. The study finding related to sleep and the academic score was not significant.
Conclusion: Bed time may not affect the mental health but the duration of sleep is important to reduce the level of anxiety and depression. Duration of sleep may not affect the academic performance, but sound and adequate sleep is important for the mental health which may ultimately affect the academic performance.
Heterosis and Combining Abilities of Yield Components of CMS Maintainers, Restorer Lines and F1 Hybrids of Chilies (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Nikornpun M. , Tunjai K. , Kaewsombat K. , Tarinta T. 
Published: May 2020

Fruit yields and yield components of certain F1 hybrids, parental lines and commercial varieties in 3 discreet experiments were significantly different. Seven high-yielding F1 hybrids were observed: CA 1286 × CA 1447, CA1286 × CA1450, CA1303 × CA1446, CA1303 × CA1447, CA1303 × CA1450, CA1441 x CA1450 and CA1442 x CA1447. About half of them were significantly higher in yield than commercial varieties while the rest were not significantly different from the commercial varieties. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis of yield components of F1 hybrid chilis were significant. High yielding varieties showed both positive and significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis of all yield components. When maintainer lines, CA1441 and CA1442, were used as female parents, CA1441 was better than CA1442 for fruit length but variety CA1442 was better than variety CA 1441 for fruit width. When maintainer lines CA1286 and CA1303 were used as female parents, CA1303 was better than CA1286 in terms of yield in one experiment but they were more or less the samein another experiment. Significant general combining ability of the maintainer line CA1303 was observed in fruit width. Significant differences of general combining ability of some horticultural characteristics of restorers was observed in CA1446, CA1447, CA1448, CA1449 and CA1450. Almost no significant differences of specific combining ability of F1 hybrids were found in the F1 hybrids, except CA 1286 × CA 1447 and CA1303 × CA1451 demonstrated significant differences of specific combining ability of an average fruit weight.
Formulation Development, Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation of Tamoxifen Loaded Liposomes
Authors: Hasan Md. Mazed , Hamiduzzaman Md. , Jahan Ishrat , Hasan A. H. M. Nazmul , Asaduzzaman Md. 
Published: May 2020

Background: The study was aimed to prepare and evaluate tamoxifen loaded controlled release liposomes to reduce the side effects of tamoxifen during cancer treatment.
Methods: Different tamoxifen loaded liposomes were prepared by modified ether injection (MEIM) and thin film hydration method (TFHM) under prescribed conditions. The prepared liposomes were characterized by using optical microscopy, evaluating encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro and ex-vivo diffusion studies by using dialysis membrane and chicken intestinal sac respectively.
Results: The data revealed that all of the liposomes were spherical in shape and stable under three physical conditions i.e. 4, 25 and 37 ± 2°C temperatures and 60 ±5% relative humidity. Additionally most of the liposomes followed zero order and class II release kinetics. It was also observed that with the increase of phospholipids and cholesterol, entrapment efficiency of liposome vesicles increased thus giving a controlled release drug delivery system but further increase reduced this efficiency at a certain level.
Conclusion: The formulated control release liposomes might be a good drug delivery system for target oriented drug delivery with minimum side effects of tamoxifen during cancer treatment.
Antifungal Activity of Pericopsis (Afrormosia) laxiflora (Benth.) Bark on Ringworm Germs
Authors: Abou Ouattara , Eric-Kévin Bolou Gbouhoury , Eugène Koffi Allali , Hyacinthe Yasseu , Karamoko Ouattara , Adama Coulibaly 
Published: May 2020

Dermatophytes are responsible for ringworms that are very often found on the heads of children in Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire, ringworms have been the subject of several studies revealing fairly high frequencies.
Aims: The present work consisted essentially in studying the antifungal activity of the barks of Pericopsis laxiflora, a plant from the Ivorian pharmacopoeia on germs responsible for ringworm.
Methodology: The 70% hydroethanolic extract of the bark of Pericopsis laxiflora was prepared and tested on Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. In addition, by staining and precipitation tests, phytochemical sorting was carried out on this extract.
Results: Faced with the hydroethanolic extract, Trichophyton mentagrophytes recorded a Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) which is equal to the Minimun Fungicidal Concentration(MFC) (MIC = MFC = 6.25 mg/mL). For the fungal strain of T. rubrum, the MFC obtained (100 mg/mL) was twice the MIC (50 mg/mL). The phytochemical study of this extract revealed the presence of sterols and polyterpenes, flavonoids and catechic tannins.
Conclusion: The results suggest that P. laxiflora extract could therefore be useful in the fight against dermatophytes.
Long Term Study of Cataract Surgery and Complications in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome in Garhwal Himalayan Region
Authors: Pandey Achyut N. , Singh Parul , Tyagi Manoj 
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and intraoperative difficulties associated with pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome at a tertiary eye care center in Garhwal Himalayan region. Methods: This study included patients scheduled for cataract surgery who were diagnosed with PXF syndrome. All patients had gone through a complete ophthalmologic evaluation, including slit-lamp examination, tonometry, gonioscopy, and ophthalmoscopy prior to the surgery. Cataract surgeries were done by a single surgeon who reported the intra-operative difficulties. Results: In total, 424 phakic eyes of 934 patients were evaluated, 126 of whom (22.1%) were diagnosed with PXF syndrome. Most eyes (n = 81, 35.8%) with PXF syndrome were ≥81 years old. Eighty-six eyes (38.1%) had bilateral involvement, whereas 70 (30.9%) had right or left eye involvement. Further, PXF material was distributed on the iris, pupil, and lens in 70 eyes (30.9%) and on the pupillary margin in 36 eyes (15.9%). The mean pupillary dilation was 5.1 (±1.4) mm in patients with PXF syndrome compared with 7.2 (±1.6) mm in those without it (P = 0.03). Grade VI cataract was observed in 93 eyes (41.2%) and hypermature cataract was the most commonly observed cataract stage. Twenty-one eyes (9.3%) had increased intraocular pressure. Intraoperative difficulties were encountered in 62 eyes (27.4%) with poor pupillary dilation being the most common problem (32 eyes, 14.2%), followed by zonular dehiscence (18 eyes, 8%). Conclusion: This hospital-based study showed that PXF syndrome is common in rural population of Garhwal region and that the intraoperative complication rate in these patients is high. Surgeons should be aware of the potential complications of cataract procedures in patients with PEX. Caution should be taken at every stage of the surgery to prevent these complications, and surgeons should be knowledgeable and skilful in complication management should they arise.
Biocatalytic Metal–Organic Frameworks: Prospects Beyond Bioprotective Porous Matrices
Authors: Liang Jieying , Liang Kang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiocatalytic metal–organic framework (MOF) composites, synthesized by interfacing MOFs with biocatalytic components, possessing the unprecedented synergetic properties that are hard to achieve via conventional strategies, represent one of the next‐generation composite materials for diverse biotechnological applications. Research on the applications of biocatalytic MOFs is still in its preliminary stage, with a wide variety of studies focusing on the bioprotection role of MOFs. However, their diversity of building units, molecular‐scale tunability, modular synthetic routes, and more detailed understanding of the heterogeneous MOF‐biointerface could even lead to completely new applications and potentials beyond the current imagination. The most recent progress in biocatalytic MOFs presents ground‐breaking applications in smart and tunable biocatalysis, precision nanomedicine, vaccine and gene delivery, biosensing, and nano‐biohybrids. Herein, the general and advanced synthesis strategies for improving the material properties of biocatalytic MOFs, from tuning biocatalytic activity to framework stability to synergistic properties with other materials, are summarized. Then, the latest state‐of‐the‐art applications of the biocatalytic MOF systems and recent advanced developments that are shaping this emerging field are surveyed. Finally, to define promising research directions, a critical evaluation and future prospects for the potential applications of biocatalytic MOFs are provided.
Bioinspired Hierarchical Liquid‐Metacrystal Fibers for Chiral Optics and Advanced Textiles
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Wu Peiyi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe organization of nanoparticles in constrained geometries has attracted increasing attention due to their promising structures and topologies. However, the control of hierarchical structures with tailored periodicity at different length scales and topology stabilization in a dynamic environment are very limited and challenging. Herein, through self‐assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) within an in situ formed hydrogel sheath using a simple microfluidic strategy, a new breed of liquid crystal (LC) fibers with hierarchical core–sheath architectures, metaperiodic cholesteric alignments, and 3D topological defects, termed as liquid metacrystal (LMC) fibers, is created. The resulting LMC fibers not only exhibit vivid, tunable interference colors, and even inverse optical activity but also have a unique ability to precisely regulate linearly and circularly polarized light in a half‐sync/half‐async form. Furthermore, robust hydrogel sheath enables the LMCs with alignment stability and configuration programmability during drying, which endows the unprecedented freedom to tailor different optical appearances for polarization‐based encryption and recognition. This work opens an avenue toward the fabrication of length‐scale colloidal LCs with continuous and stable topologies and expands the application regimes of LC materials in chiral optics and smart textiles.
Metal‐Free Hydrogen‐Bonded Polymers Mimic Noble Metal Electrocatalysts
Authors: Coskun Halime , Aljabour Abdalaziz , de Luna Phil , Sun He , Nishiumi Nobuyuki , Yoshida Tsukasa , Koller Georg , Ramsey Michael G. , Greunz Theresia , Stifter David , Strobel Moritz , Hild Sabine , Hassel Achim Walter , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar , Sargent Edward H. , Stadler Philipp 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe most active and efficient catalysts for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rely on platinum, a fact that increases the cost of producing hydrogen and thereby limits the widespread adoption of this fuel. Here, a metal‐free organic electrocatalyst that mimics the platinum surface by implementing a high work function and incorporating hydrogen‐affine hydrogen bonds is introduced. These motifs, inspired from enzymology, are deployed here as selective reaction centres. It is shown that the keto‐amine hydrogen‐bond motif enhances the rate‐determining step in proton reduction to molecular hydrogen. The keto‐amine‐functionalized polymers reported herein evolve hydrogen at an overpotential of 190 mV. They share certain key properties with platinum: a similar work function and excellent electrochemical stability and chemical robustness. These properties allow the demonstration of one week of continuous HER operation without notable degradation nor delamination from the carrier electrode. Scaled continuous‐flow electrolysis is reported and 1 L net molecular hydrogen is produced within less than 9 h using 2.3 mg of polymer electrocatalyst.
Imprinting Ferromagnetism and Superconductivity in Single Atomic Layers of Molecular Superlattices
Authors: Li Zejun , Zhang Xiuying , Zhao Xiaoxu , Li Jing , Herng Tun Seng , Xu Haomin , Lin Fanrong , Lyu Pin , Peng Xinnan , Yu Wei , Hai Xiao , Chen Cheng , Yang Huimin , Martin Jens , Lu Jing , Luo Xin , Castro Neto A. H. , Pennycook Stephen J. , Ding Jun , Feng Yuanping , Lu Jiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFerromagnetism and superconductivity are two antagonistic phenomena since ferromagnetic exchange fields tend to destroy singlet Cooper pairs. Reconciliation of these two competing phases has been achieved in vertically stacked heterostructures where these two orders are confined in different layers. However, controllable integration of these two phases in one atomic layer is a longstanding challenge. Here, an interlayer‐space‐confined chemical design (ICCD) is reported for the synthesis of dilute single‐atom‐doped TaS2 molecular superlattice, whereby ferromagnetism is observed in the superconducting TaS2 layers. The intercalation of 2H‐TaS2 crystal with bulky organic ammonium molecule expands its van der Waals gap for single‐atom doping via co‐intercalated cobalt ions, resulting in the formation of quasi‐monolayer Co‐doped TaS2 superlattices. Isolated Co atoms are decorated in the basal plane of the TaS2 via substituting the Ta atom or anchoring at a hollow site, wherein the orbital‐selected p–d hybridization between Co and neighboring Ta and S atoms induces local magnetic moments with strong ferromagnetic coupling. This ICCD approach can be applied to various metal ions, enabling the synthesis of a series of crystal‐size TaS2 molecular superlattices.
Stable Rhodium (IV) Oxide for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Zhe , Feng Yi , Liang Yu‐Lin , Cheng Chuan‐Qi , Dong Cun‐Ku , Liu Hui , Du Xi‐Wen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater electrolysis in alkaline electrolyte is an attractive way toward clean hydrogen energy via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), whereas the sluggish water dissociation impedes the following hydrogen evolution. Noble metal oxides possess promising capability for catalyzing water dissociation and hydrogen evolution; however, they are never utilized for the HER due to the instability under the reductive potential. Here it is shown that compressive strain can stabilize RhO2 clusters and promote their catalytic activity. To this end, a strawberry‐like structure with RhO2 clusters embedded in the surface layer of Rh nanoparticles is engineered, in which the incompatibility between the oxide cluster and the metal substrate causes intensive compressive strain. As such, RhO2 clusters remain stable at a reduction potential up to −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and present an alkaline HER activity superior to commercial Pt/C.