bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Head Computed Tomography Assessment of Brain Swelling after Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pilot study
Authors: Amorim Robson Luis , Morais Barbara Albuquerque , Pereira Francisco Otávio Camargo , Oliveira Matheus Fernandes , Andrade Almir Ferreira , Bor-Seng-Shu Edson , Oliveira Marcelo Lima , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Paiva Wellingson Silva 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the interobserver reliability of a new scale created for quantitatively assessing brain swelling in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients using the computed tomography (CT) findings in three levels.
Methods Computed tomography scans of severe head injury patients were randomly selected from a tertiary hospital image database and evaluated by independent groups of neurosurgeons, neurosurgery residents, radiologists, and intensivists from the same hospital. Each specialist assessed the tomographic findings, applying zero to six points in a new scale. The Kappa coefficient was calculated to assess interobserver agreement.
Results The highest reliability coefficient was obtained by the neurosurgeons group (0.791; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.975–0.607; p < 0.001), followed by the neurosurgery residents group (0.402; 95%CI: 0.569–0.236; p < 0.001) and by the radiologists group (0.301; 95%CI: 0.488–0.113; p < 0.002). The lowest coefficient was found among the intensivists (0.248; 95%CI: 0.415–0.081; p = 0.004).
Conclusion The proposed scale showed good reliability among neurosurgeons, and moderate overall reliability. This tomographic classification might be useful to better assist severe TBI victims, allowing to identify the worsening or amelioration of brain swelling, which should be further investigated. The scale seems to be feasible, even in low income countries, where the cost of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is higher than that of CTs.
Spontaneous Convexity Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Caused by Internal Carotid Occlusion: Radiological Features
Authors: Pereira Benedito Jamilson Araújo , de Holanda Radmila Agra Cariry Targino , Targino Neto José , de Holanda Luciano Ferreira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA 79-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room with transitory monoparesis in the left hand and dysphasia. The brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a spontaneous right convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) confirmed an asymptomatic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery (ICA) . Cases related to stenosis have already been described, but there is no similar report of a case related to occlusion, even though the pathophysiology of both entities is similar. Atraumatic SAH has been associated with intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis.
Identification of critical residues for the catalytic activity of ComQ, a Bacillus prenylation enzyme for quorum sensing, by using a simple bioassay system
Authors: Hirooka Kazutake , Shioda Saki , Okada Masahiro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Bacillus ComQ participates in the biosynthesis of a quorum-sensing signaling molecule (ComX pheromone) through catalyzing the prenylation at a Trp residue of the precursor peptide (pre-ComX) with geranyl diphosphate (C10 type) or farnesyl diphosphate (C15 type). We hypothesized that several residues specifically conserved among either type of ComQs are important for their substrate specificities. Using a simple bioassay, we revealed that Phe63, Asn186, and Gly190 in ComQRO-E-2 (C10 type) were nondisplaceable to Ser63, Gly186, and Val190, the corresponding residues in the C15-type ComQ, respectively. A three-dimensional model suggested that the 186th and 190th residues are involved in the pre-ComX binding. In vitro analysis showed that substitution of Phe63 with Ser in ComQRO-E-2 significantly reduced the geranylation activity but substantially enhanced the farnesylation activity, whereas substitution of Ser63 with Phe in ComQ168 (C15 type) reduced the farnesylation activity. Therefore, the 63rd residue was found to be significant for the prenyl-substrate preference.
Abbreviations: GPP: geranyl diphosphate; FPP: farnesyl diphosphate; IPP: isopentenyl diphosphate; GGPP: geranylgeranyl diphosphate; FARM: first aspartate-rich motif; SARM: second aspartate-rich motif; β-Gal: β-galactosidase; TBABG: tryptose blood agar base supplemented with glucose; X-gal: 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactoside
Student understanding of Fermi energy, the Fermi–Dirac distribution and total electronic energy of a free electron gas
Authors: Justice Paul , Marshman Emily , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We investigated the difficulties that physics students in upper-level undergraduate quantum mechanics and graduate students after quantum and statistical mechanics core courses have with the Fermi energy, the Fermi–Dirac distribution and total electronic energy of a free electron gas after they had learned relevant concepts in their respective courses. These difficulties were probed by administering written conceptual and quantitative questions to undergraduate students and asking some undergraduate and graduate students to answer those questions while thinking aloud in one-on-one individual interviews. We find that advanced students had many common difficulties with these concepts after traditional lecture-based instruction. Engaging with a sequence of clicker questions improved student performance, but there remains room for improvement in their understanding of these challenging concepts.
Soft x-ray emission from laser-produced strontium ions
Authors: Miyazaki Takanori , O’Sullivan Gerry , Dunne Padraig 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Soft x-ray spectra, in the range from 2 nm to 9 nm, were recorded from strontium plasmas formed by pulses from 20 ps, 170 ps and 5.5 ns Nd:YAG lasers operating at the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. Features due to 3d–4p and 3d–4f transitions were identified by comparison with spectra from adjacent ions and atomic structure calculations with both the Cowan code and the Flexible Atomic Code. As in the spectra of ions of other elements in the fifth row of the periodic table, resonant lines 3d

n
–3d

n−14p
1, 3d

n
–3d

n−14f
1 and satellite lines 3d

n−14s
1–3d

n−24s
14p
1, 3d

n−14s
1–3d

n−24s
14f
1 of Δn = 1 were observed over the 3.0–8.5 nm region, emitted by 10+ to 19+ ions. These Δn = 1 transitions provide a range of narrow band emission features which may match to specific multi layer combinations for reflective optics in the extreme ultraviolet region of the spectrum.
Two-dimensional interactive media for fourth grade students
Authors: Wahyuningtyas D T , Yuniasih N , Sesanti N R , Hudha M N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of advanced technology as instructional media can facilitate students’ understanding about instructional materials. The purpose of this research is to develop two-dimensional interactive media for fourth grade students. To this end, this study employed Thiagarajan’s Four-D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) model. Data were analyzed descriptively, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data analysis was performed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The results revealed that two-dimensional interactive media was deemed valid by experts with an average score of 4.5 and applicable for teaching elementary school students. Elementary students responded positively to the use of the interactive media and their understanding about two-dimensional instructional materials improved.
Learning results dribbling handball through the application of methods of play
Authors: Ruslan R , Hamdiana H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This Research action research is to improve the skills of dribbling the ball of the hand through the application of the method of play. This action research studies using qualitative approach. This research is numbered 20 people. To measure and find out the results of the study with handball dribbling test. The test results before the given action (pre-test) results of 6 students (30%) reached a standard learning of completeness to the value of the average student 57.90, the results obtained are still not as expected so that the given action through method of play. Test on cycle I obtained results, i.e. 14 students (70%) have reached a standard learning of completeness students with an average score of 71.95.Learning continues to cycle II and the results of tests obtained the results of 17 students (85%) have reached a standard learning of completeness students with the average value of 82.05 and 15% (3 students) have not yet reached a standard learning of completeness with the average student 81.05. The results of this research it can be concluded that: (1) the method of play can create an atmosphere of student learning that is engaging and fun, (2) the application of the method of play can improve learning results dribbling handball in physical education.
Packaging science and local wisdom in digital devices for primary school students: Challenges and obstacles
Authors: Nasrudin D , Irwansyah F S , Sugilar H , Ramdhani M A , Aulawi H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Today the use of digital media in science learning has become a demand and necessity, not least in the elementary school level. However, the use of digital devices as a medium of instruction in primary schools should have positive impacts and surplus value, one of them reviving and maintaining local wisdom. This paper aims to present of outlining the challenges and obstacles to pack science learning and local wisdom in digital devices. The research method is qualitative descriptive through stages of elementary school curriculum analysis, local wisdom value analysis and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to find the packaging formula both in science learning. The results show that local wisdom values of a region can integrate into relevant science learning. Appropriate techniques are required in packing the learning design in digital devices by considering the competence factor to be built, the adequacy of the content, the value of local wisdom and the ease of the media to be accessed.
Improve the ability of understanding mathematics and confidence of elementary school students with a contextual approach using VBA learning media for Microsoft Excel
Authors: Bernard M , Akbar P , Ansori A , Filiestianto G 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe main problem of this research is the lack of students understanding the ability and mathematical self-confidence for mathematics learning in elementary school students in Indonesia. Lack of students understanding of mathematics is caused by the learning process in school. Teachers still use conventional learning in the learning process. Also, the basic skills aspects of students also affect the ability of math skills. Furthermore, the learning process with a contextual approach assisted by VBA Learning Media (Visual Basic Application for Excel) gives positive influence on students both regarding mathematical understanding and self-confidence. The data processed in this study is from the post-test score. This score arises from both the experimental class group and the control class group. Then, the data processed using SPSS 22 and Microsoft excel. Data were analyzed using the t-test statistic. The final result of this study concludes achievement and improvement of mathematical understanding ability and Self Confidence students learning with contextual approach supported by VBA (learning media Visual Basic Application for Excel) are better than students who get conventional learning.
The use of the Synthesia application to simplify Angklung learning
Authors: Julia J , Kurnia D , Isrokatun I , Wulandari H , Aisyah I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The majority of students in the department of pre-service elementary school teacher cannot read the notation correctly. However, they have a strong motivation to learn music composition, such as angklung music composition. This paper aims to analyze the development of students who are members of the music community in studying the composition of angklung music by using the Synthesia application. The research method was carried out in the following stages: (1) making angklung musical composition in the type of MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) files; (2) input MIDI files for the Synthesia application; (3) setting up the Synthesia application; (4) learning Angklung using the Synthesia application; and (5) evaluating the learning process. Research subjects were students who were members of the music community on campus, so that their age and musical abilities were very heterogeneous. The research subjects were 15 people, as many as one angklung player group. The results showed that angklung learning for students who had the low notation reading ability, became easier by using a touch of technology. Students can read, visual-based notation correctly. It can be concluded; that technology can provide the convenience in the process of learning music composition, especially in angklung music composition.
Thematic learning design development: STEM model through water play activity
Authors: Nur L , Hamdu G , Mulyadiprana A , Nuraeni E , Yulianto A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
2013 curriculum is a curriculum model that can integrate skills, themes, conceps, and topics in both within disciplines, across several disciplines and within and across learners. The enactment of the 2013 curriculum will have an impact on the way learning will be designed and implemented by teachers in the classroom. The lessons that are held are not necessarily rigid, absolute housed in the classroom, trapped by an enclosed wall and a short time. Instead learning should be flexible, fun, stimulating student activities and can provide meaningful experiences for students so that students can be creative, productive, and innovative. The purpose of this research is to develop STEM model learning design through water game activity in elementary school. The development of thematic teaching design is done by several experiments to several schools by adopting DBR (Design-Based research) approach. The resulting product is a STEM thematic learning tool based on a water game activity as the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. One of the major reasons for developing this learning tool is to get an example of a learning device integrated with the game. Fun learning but still oriented to learning materials so that learning can be a weapon that will develop student competence.
The design of student mathematical representation instrument on problem solving reviewed from introvert-extrovert personality
Authors: Selvia N , Awaludin A A R , Andrari F R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine whether the instrument to be used is feasible or not to obtain research data. The research instrument used is the introvert-extrovert personality testand math-type problem-solving test. The introvert-extrovert personality testconsist of 17 questionsand the math-type problem-solving consist 2 types of questions, that is TPM I and II. The feasibility test of the introvert-extrovert personality instrument includes content validity, internal consistency, and reliability. While the feasibility test of the mathematical problem solving test instrument only used the validity of the content. For the validity of the contents of each test, conducted through expert judgment is the assessment made by experts. The number of respondents who took the test for the instrument test was 35 students. The respondents are students of secondary school in East Jakarta. The results of the instrument feasibility test show that: 1) Introvert-extrovert personality instruments have 17 statements that are eligible to retrieve the research data, and 2) The mathematical problem solving test instrument with linear equation system topic is feasible to use with some revisions from the expert judgment.
The mathematics communication of students in learning based on ethnomathematics Rejang Lebong
Authors: Herawaty D , Gusri S A , Saputra R , Liana E , Aliza F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of study was to describe the metacognition of students in the mathematical communication process of high school students in learning mathematics oriented ethnomathematics Rejang Lebong. This research method is descriptive qualitative research, with the subject of the student of Senior High School in Rejang Lebong. The results showed that subjects with high cognitive level were able to think metacognitive with the mathematical communication process through planning, monitoring and evaluating the thinking process in the mathematical communication process. Subjects with cognitive level are doing mathematical communication in the form of planning, and monitoring but not exactly in evaluating the thinking process. While subjects with low cognitive level can make planning but cannot monitor and cannot evaluate the thinking process.
The REACT strategy and discovery learning to improve mathematical problem solving ability
Authors: Widada W , Herawaty D , Mundana P , Agustina M , Putri F R , Anggoro A F D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purposes was to examine the comparison of problem solving abilities and critical thinking abilities for students who are taught with the REACT learning strategies and conventional learning. A quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was applied in this study. The sample of this study was 64 students of Senior High School Kota Bengkulu. This research instrument is a test of problem solving skills and a critical thinking ability test. The result of the research was the ability of students taught with REACT strategies was higher than students taught with traditional learning. Also, the ability of students taught with guided discovery models was higher than students taught with traditional learning.
Students’ reading skills related to science learning using big book media
Authors: Saefuddin A , Malik A , Maulidah I R , Chusni M M , Salahudin A , Carlian Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reading skill is an active receptive language skill to get a message from the writer in the written variety. This research is based on the phenomenon reading skill of students in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Bongas IV Cililin related to science including low category. This study aims to determine the enhancing reading skills of a student after applying Big Book media in science learning. The research method used is a pre-experiment design with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study are the third-grade students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Bongas IV Cililin selected by purposive sampling technique amounted to 22 people. Student reading skill is measured through multiple choice test and supporting instrument in the form of an observation sheet to know student and teacher activity in using Big Book media. The results showed that there was enhancing reading skill of student with normalized gain <g> including high category. Based on the paired sample t-test, using Big Book media in science learning can improve the reading skills of the student. The average results of observation sheet analysis in the book Big Book to improve reading skills of the student at every meeting good category. It can be concluded that the use of Big Book in science learning can be an alternative to enhancing reading skills of the student. Thus, Big Book media can motivate students to have a high read culture.
Use of flannel puzzle to improve the initial of counting ability
Authors: Mulyati M , Yufiarti Y , Supriyati Y , Suharti S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The initial of counting ability is essential for children to solve problems in everyday life. This study aims to describe the use of Flannel Puzzle in improving the initial of counting ability in Renggali one of the early childhood education institutions. This action research on 15 student who were the subject of research. Data are analysed by descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of the study conclude that: flannel puzzles can improve initial of counting ability. By using the flannel puzzle the initial of counting ability of students can increase. Students’ abilities increase from 44.66% before action and increased in the first cycle around 49.25% and in the second cycle became 90.16%.
Design of problem-solving questions for measuring student’s mathematical thinking type representation
Authors: Irenika I , Susanti E , Hiltrimartin C , Hapizah H , Meryansumayeka M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study is design research aimed to describe the design result of problem-solving question that can be used to measure mathematical thinking type representation. The process of this study consists of five stages, namely: preliminary design, focus group discussions (FGD), trials, observation and interview, and retrospective analysis. The subjects of this study are three students. The technique for data analysis was qualitative. The instrument consists of test and directive interview. Based on preliminary design and FGD stages, researchers have designed two problem-solving questions. Based on the results of the trials, observations and interviews, all these questions can lead students’ mathematical thinking type representation. This is illustrated by the results of research subjects’ answers when working on questions that showing symbolic representation, numeric representation, and visual representation. Symbolic representation is seen from the completion of students who use symbols to solve problem number 1 and 2. Visual representation is seen from students resolve the problems using images to solve problem number 2. Numeric representation is seen from students solving problems using a trial and error strategy and then doing mathematical calculations to make sure the correctness of answers. This is done by students in working on questions number 1.
Problem posing skill of elementary school students
Authors: Isrokatun I , Syahid A A , Putri H E , Julia J , Sunaengsih C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Children generally have a high level of curiosity, hence they often ask many questions repeatedly. Their high level of curiosity is ought to be developed by adults, which includes their parents and teachers. However, in reality, the older the children get, the more reluctant they become to ask questions due to many reasons. This results in the weakening their confidence to ask questions and diminishing their problem posing skill. By employing ADDIE (Analyzing, Designing, Developing, Implementing, and Evaluating) method, this research was conducted to illustrate elementary school students’ problem posing skill. The respondents comprised elementary school students aged 10-12 years. The research discovered that the students’ problem posing skill still needs to be developed by providing a certain facilitation that allows the students to be more confident to ask questions. The research also found that the confidence to ask questions can be encouraged with the utilization of a student worksheet that provide situations instead of problems.