bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls of Stratigraphic Architecture on Along Strike Cooling Age Patterns
Authors: Robinson Delores M. , Khanal Subodha , Olree Elizabeth , Bhattacharya Gourab , Mandal Subhadip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCooling related to moving rocks over an ~8.5 km vertically thick ramp in the Main Himalayan thrust (MHT) produced 0.8–2 Ma zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) and apatite fission track (AFT) ages from the Main Central thrust to 40 km south in central Nepal. The ramp size is controlled by thicker Proterozoic stratigraphy. ZHe ages in NW India and eastern Bhutan over a similar 40 km wide swath are 1.4–12 Ma. In addition, the ZHe ages are consistently 2–5 million years older than the AFT ages. We argue that the MHT ramps are smaller because of thinner Proterozoic stratigraphy, with two vertically thick ramps of 2.5 km each in eastern Bhutan and one vertically thick ramp of ~5 km in NW India. Thus, the original stratigraphy and associated weaker décollement horizons control location and size of active MHT ramps, resulting vertical uplift, and along strike pattern of cooling ages.
Examining the distribution of benefits of a free Maternal and Child Health programme in Enugu State, Nigeria: a benefit incidence analysis
Authors: Eze Philomena , Ezenduka Charles , Obikeze Eric , Ogbuabor Daniel , Arize Ifeyinwa , Ezenwaka Uchenna , Onwujekwe Obinna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the population groups that benefit from a Free Maternal and Child Health (FMCH) programme in Enugu State, South‐east Nigeria, so as to understand the equity effects of the programme.MethodA community‐based survey was conducted in rural and urban local government areas (LGAs) to aid the benefit incidence analysis (BIA) of the FMCH. Data were elicited from 584 randomly selected women of childbearing age. Data on their level of utilisation of FMCH services and their out‐of‐pocket expenditures on various FMCH services that they utilised were elicited. Benefits of the FMCH were valued using the unit cost of providing services while the net benefit was calculated by subtracting OOP expenditures made for services from the value of benefits. Costs were calculated in local currency (Naira (₦)) and converted to US Dollars. The net benefits were disaggregated by urban–rural locations and socio‐economic status (SES). Concentration indices were computed to provide the level of SES inequity in BIA of FMCH.ResultsThe total gross benefit incidence was ₦2.681 million ($7660). The gross benefit that was consumed by the urban dwellers was ₦1.581 million ($4517.1), while the rural dwellers consumed gross benefits worth ₦1.1 million ($3608.20). However, OOP expenditure for the supposedly FMCH was ₦6 527 580 (US$18 650.2) in the urban area, while it was ₦3, 194, 706 (US$ 9127.7) among rural dwellers. There was negative benefit incidence for the FMCH because the OOP exceeded the gross benefits at the point of use of services. There was no statistically significant difference in the benefit incidence and OOP expenditure between the urban and rural dwellers and across socio‐economic groups.ConclusionThe distribution of the gross benefits of the FMCH programme indicates that it may not have achieved the desired aim of enhanced access particularly to the low‐income population. Crucially, the high level of OOP erased whatever societal gain the FMCH was developed to provide. Hence, there is a need to review its implementation and re‐strategise to reduce OOP and achieve greater access for improved effectiveness of the programme.
Iron status and self‐reported fatigue in blood donors
Authors: Spencer Bryan R. , Fox Matthew P. , Wise Lauren A. , Cable Ritchard G. , Mast Alan E. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundFatigue is a reported symptom of iron depletion, but studies in blood donors show no conclusive link. We conducted an observational analysis of data from the STRIDE randomized trial to evaluate association of iron status with self‐reported fatigue.Study Design and MethodsThree blood centers randomly assigned 692 frequent donors to education or iron supplementation treatments. Biomarkers for iron status were measured during 20 to 24 months of follow‐up. A fatigue score was derived from an 11‐item questionnaire at baseline and final visits, and associations between iron status and fatigue were assessed.ResultsFinal lab and questionnaire data were evaluable from 337 subjects. At baseline, female sex, older age, and anemia were associated with fatigue, but iron status was not. Mean (±SD) fatigue score change was 0.0 (±0.5). Mean (±SD) increase in iron stores was 1.0 (±3.5) mg/kg, but changes in body iron stores were not associated with fatigue score changes (0.01 per mg/kg; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.02) or with fatigue (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.04). The only factor associated with fatigue score changes was baseline fatigue (0.36; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.48).ConclusionAmong high‐frequency donors, neither iron status at baseline nor changes in iron status predicted fatigue during follow‐up, with improvements limited to those with higher levels of baseline fatigue. Assessment of the association between iron and fatigue in blood donors benefits from careful consideration of study design and the study population.
Differences in the clinical practice of small animal CPR before and after the release of the RECOVER guidelines: Results from two electronic surveys (2008 and 2017) in the United States and Canada
Authors: Donaldson Liam , Stevenson Mark A. , Fletcher Daniel J. , Gillespie Íde , Kellett‐Gregory Lindsay , Boller Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether the clinical approach to CPR has changed following the publication of the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) guidelines in 2012.DesignInternet‐based survey.SettingAcademia and referral practice.SubjectsFour hundred and ninety‐one small animal veterinarians in clinical practice in the United States and Canada.InterventionsAn internet‐based survey assessing the clinical approach to small animal CPR was circulated with the assistance of veterinary professional organizations on 2 separate occasions: prior to (2008) and following (2017) publication of the 2012 (RECOVER) guidelines. Survey questions identical to both surveys solicited details of clinician approaches to CPR preparedness, basic life support (BLS), and advanced life support (ALS). Respondents were grouped into level of expertise (board‐certified specialists [BCS, n = 202] and general practitioners in emergency clinics [GPE, n = 289]), and year of response to the survey (2008, n = 171; 2017, n = 320).Measurements and Main ResultsCompliance with the RECOVER guidelines pertaining to CPR preparedness (P < 0.01), BLS (P < 0.01), and ALS P < 0.01) was consistently higher in respondents to the 2017 survey compared to those of the 2008 survey. Being a BCS was associated with significantly higher compliance with the RECOVER recommendations than GPE in the domains of preparedness (P = 0.02), BLS (P < 0.01), and ALS (P < 0.01). Increases in age of the respondent had a negative effect on compliance with the BLS guidelines (P < 0.01), while gender had no effect.ConclusionsCompared to 2008, current practices in small animal CPR in the North American emergency and critical care community shifted toward those recommended in the RECOVER guidelines across all CPR domains. This supports the notion that uptake of the RECOVER guidelines among veterinary emergency or critical care clinicians was sufficient to lead to a change in the practice of CPR.
The importance of bone marrow and the immune system in driving increases in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in hypertension
Authors: Ahmari Niousha , Hayward Linda F. , Zubcevic Jasenka 
Published: September 2020

New FindingsWhat is the topic of this review?This manuscript provides a review of the current understanding of the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of bone marrow‐derived immune cells and the effect that the infiltrating bone marrow cells may have on perpetuation of the sympathetic over‐activation in hypertension.What advances does it highlight?We highlight the recent advances in understanding of the neuroimmune interactions both peripherally and centrally as they relate to blood pressure control.AbstractThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, in part by regulating, integrating and orchestrating processes between many physiological systems, including the immune system. Sympathetic nerves innervate all primary and secondary immune organs, and all cells of the immune system express β‐adrenoreceptors. In turn, immune cells can produce cytokines, chemokines and neurotransmitters capable of modulating neuronal activity and, ultimately, SNS activity. Thus, the essential role of the SNS in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune functions is mediated, in part, via β‐adrenoreceptor‐induced activation of bone marrow cells by noradrenaline. Interestingly, both central and systemic inflammation are well‐established hallmarks of hypertension and its co‐morbidities, including an inflammatory process involving the transmigration and infiltration of immune cells into tissues. We propose that physiological states that prolong β‐adrenoreceptor activation in bone marrow can disrupt neuroimmune homeostasis and impair communication between the immune system and SNS, leading to immune dysregulation, which, in turn, is sustained via a central mechanism involving neuroinflammation.
A Numerical Study on the Energy Performance of a Novel Furnace With Acidic Gas Trap Absorbers
Authors: Zhang Mingkan , LaClair Tim , Wang Lingshi , Liu Xiaobing , Gao Zhiming , Momen Ayyoub M. , Gluesenkamp Kyle 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Natural gas furnaces are widely used in US residential and commercial building markets. An important issue for natural gas furnaces is serious corrosion and fouling problems caused by acidic gas, such as SOx. An advanced adsorption technology based on acidic gas trap (AGT) absorbers offers the possibility to remove SOx acidic gas from natural gas furnaces with high efficiency and low cost, thereby enabling the development of condensing furnaces without the use of expensive corrosion resistant materials in the heat exchanger. A three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed to evaluate the heat transfer performance of a furnace with AGT absorbers and to compare it with a baseline conventional furnace without the AGT. Moreover, an axisymmetric model has been built focusing on the absorbing process in the AGT. The baseline conventional furnace used for the study is a commercial condensing furnace (Rheem 92% AFUE 84,000 BTU Multi-Position Gas Furnace). This furnace was completely disassembled, and the dimensions of each part were carefully measured and used to build a detailed CFD model. A model representing the new furnace, incorporating the AGT absorbers, was developed by adding the AGT system to the conventional furnace model. For the CFD analysis, a mixture model was employed to characterize the heat and mass transfer during the condensing process in the furnace while considering three components — air, water vapor and liquid water. Condensation takes place in the condensing heat exchanger, where water vapor changes phase to liquid water, and the latent heat is thus used in the furnace for useful heating. The simulation results characterize the energy performance of both the conventional furnace and the novel furnace with AGT absorbers, as well as the reactive processing in the AGT. These results provide insightful guidance for the development of the AGT absorber-based furnace from the perspective of its energy performance and will be used to further optimize this novel furnace design.
3D Light Field Projection and the Associate 3D Photolithography
Authors: Wen Sy-Bor , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
3D light field camera has been provided as a valid method to capture 3D surface topography with a microlens array. Through inverting the propagation direction, 3D virtual image projection can also be achieved with conventional optics and a microlens array. By compressing the 3D virtual image from the microlens array with an additional lens, microscale 3D virtual image can be achieved. We propose that microscale 3D virtual image can be valuable in microscale 3D fabrication. In this study, we provide a theoretical basis to combine femtosecond laser with the above mentioned 3D virtual image reconstruction scheme to cure photopolymers. With multiphoton effects induced by femtosecond laser, we expect 3D patterning of regions inside the photopolymer can be possible. Compared with the demonstration of 3D patterning with continuous near UV light and the proposed 3D light field projection scheme, curing of photopolymer can be limited to focal points (i.e., voxel) of the projected microscale 3D surface with two photon absorption effect when femtosecond light with high enough intensity is applied. The required femtosecond light intensity is also determined in this study. We expect this new 3D photolithography method can be valuable in fast and high precision patterning of micro to macro structures in materials that are photoactive.
Thermal Conductivity Study of Biomass Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Dikici Birce , Motagi Samarth , Kantamani Prahruth , Ayyagari Suma , Al-Haik Marwan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the thermal conductivity of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRP) as potential structural materials. As a natural fiber, Bermuda grass seeds, conifer cones and pinecones are selected. The matrix comprised Vinyl ester resin. The mechanical properties (tensile strength and Young’s modulus) and fractography analysis were investigated in our previous study (Dikici B. M. S.-H., 2019).
In the current study, the thermal conductivity was probed using transient plane source technique implemented in the TPS 2500S Thermal Constants Analyzer. The addition of 9% Bermuda fibers yielded a decrease of approximately 19.3% in thermal conductivity compared to that of the neat epoxy. With the addition of 9% nano cellulose fibers, a decrease of approximately 40.7% in thermal conductivity was observed in the nanocellulose/vinyl ester resin composite compared to the neat vinyl ester samples.
An Investigation on Chevron Plate Heat Exchanger Filled With Organic Phase Change Material
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Thyagarajan Ashok , Banerjee Debjyoti 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thermal management is one of the challenging areas in the view of shrinking devices size requiring efficient cooling to take care of the thermal load. The shrinking size of devices require efficient cooling for thermal load balance capabilities. This complicated requirement can be fulfilled with the help of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems. Phase Change Material (PCM) is one of the best examples of TES system. This paper deals with experimental investigation on Chevron Plate Heat Exchanger (CPHE) filled with an organic PCM PureTemp 29. PCM offers efficient performance in storing and releasing large quantities of thermal energy at any given temperature. Water is used as a Heat Transfer Fluid. The melting of PCM also known as discharging is studied at 5, 8 and 10 GPH. The flow of hot water at 38 °C and 32 °C through CPHE leads to melting of PCM known as discharging process. While, the flow of cold water at 20 °C and 26°C respectively through CPHE leads to solidification of PCM known as charging process. Load capacity and thermal efficiency of the PCM has been discussed in order to provide and estimation for future design modifications and efficiency enhancement of heat exchangers.
Dynamic Gesture Design and Recognition for Human-Robot Collaboration With Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Haodong , Tao Wenjin , Leu Ming C. , Yin Zhaozheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is a challenging task in modern industry and gesture communication in HRC has attracted much interest. This paper proposes and demonstrates a dynamic gesture recognition system based on Motion History Image (MHI) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Firstly, ten dynamic gestures are designed for a human worker to communicate with an industrial robot. Secondly, the MHI method is adopted to extract the gesture features from video clips and generate static images of dynamic gestures as inputs to CNN. Finally, a CNN model is constructed for gesture recognition. The experimental results show very promising classification accuracy using this method.
Modeling Force Fluctuations in Incremental Sheet Forming
Authors: Prize Michael , Bristow Douglas , Landers Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) is a versatile manufacturing method in which a three-dimensional part is fabricated by progressively deforming a metal sheet. This is typically done via a robot with a single point tool following a defined trajectory. During this process a reaction force between the forming tool and sheet is generated. This force, denoted the forming force and defined as the force acting perpendicular to the sheet, has been modeled in several studies. Given a part with homogenous material, a fixed part geometry, and constant process parameters, these models predict the forming force will be constant. However, many studies have shown that this force fluctuates during the process. This paper augments the model by accounting for changes in process parameters due to robot geometric errors to describe these fluctuations. The model is experimentally validated, and the fluctuations of the forming force are reduced by 51% by modifying the tool path based on the identified robot geometric error.
Development of CAM Software to Achieve Automated NC Program Generation: Application to Machining From Near Net Shape Material
Authors: Nishida Isamu , Shirase Keiichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A method to automatically calculate tool paths and apply to machining from near net shape material is proposed. At first, this study proposes a contour line model, in which the product model is minutely divided on the plane along any one axial direction and the contour lines to show the cross section of the product is superimposed. Subsequently, this study proposes a method to calculate the tool positions according to the interference amount between product surface and tool. Furthermore, this study proposes the method to calculate tool paths for near net shape material.
The case study was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. As the result of this case study, it was confirmed that the proposed method can automatically generate the tool paths for near net shape. The machining efficiency from near net shape material will be better than that from box shape material. The results showed that the proposed method has good potential to perform customized manufacturing, and realize both high productivity and reliability in machining operation.
Feature-Based Transfer Learning for Bearing Fault Recognition Without Available Fault Data
Authors: Cooper Clayton , Liu Dongdong , Zhang Jianjing , Gao Robert X. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Machine learning has demonstrated its effectiveness in fault recognition for mechanical systems. However, sufficient data for establishing accurate and reliable fault detection methods is not always available in real-world applications. Transfer learning leverages the knowledge learned from a source domain in order to bypass limitations in data availability and facilitate effective analysis in a target domain. For mechanical fault recognition, existing transfer learning methods mainly focus on transferring knowledge between different operating conditions which require training samples corresponding to all desired fault conditions from the target domain in order to realize domain adaptation. However faulted data in real applications is usually unavailable and impractical to collect. In this paper, a transfer learning-based cross-machine bearing fault recognition method is investigated. This new method sees domain adaptation take place without faulted data being available in the target domain, and thus alleviates data availability limitations. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in a case study in which the bearing diagnostic method is transferred from an electric motor to a wind turbine.
Effects of home-based mirror therapy and cognitive therapeutic exercise on the improvement of the upper extremity functions in patients with severe hemiparesis after a stroke: a protocol for a pilot randomised clinical trial
Authors: Gonzalez-Santos Josefa , Soto-Camara Raul , Rodriguez-Fernández Paula , Jimenez-Barrios Maria , Gonzalez-Bernal Jeronimo , Collazo-Riobo Carla , Jahouh Maha , Bravo-Anguiano Yolanda , Trejo-Gabriel-Galan Jose M 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionNeuroplasticity is defined as the capacity of the brain to reorganise new neuronal pathways. Mirror therapy (MT) and cognitive therapeutic exercise (CTE) are two neurorehabilitation techniques based on neuroplasticity and designed to improve the motor functions of the affected upper extremity in patients with severe hemiparesis after a stroke. Home-based interventions are an appropriate alternative to promote independence and autonomy. The objective of this study is to evaluate which of these techniques, MT and CTE, combined with task-oriented training, is more effective in functional recovery and movement patterns of the upper extremities in patients with severe hemiparesis after a stroke.Methods and analysisThis is a home-based, single-blind, controlled, randomised clinical trial with three parallel arms, including 154 patients who had a stroke aged above 18 years. The primary outcome will be the functionality of the affected upper extremity measured using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Secondary variables will include cognitive performance, emotional state, quality of life and activities of daily living. During 6 weeks, one of the intervention groups will receive a treatment based on MT and the other one on CTE, both combined with task-oriented training. No additional interventions will be provided to the control group. To assess the progress of patients who had a stroke in the subacute phase, all variables will be evaluated at different visits: initial (just before starting treatment and 4 weeks post-stroke), post-intervention (6 weeks after initial) and follow-up (6 months).Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (CEIm-2.134/2.019) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04163666). The results will be disseminated through open-access peer-reviewed journals, conference presentation, broadcast media and a presentation to stakeholders. These study results will provide relevant and novel information on effective neurorehabilitation strategies and improve the quality of intervention programmes aimed at patients after a stroke.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04163666).