bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamical model for social distancing in the U.S. during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Chitanvis Shirish M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background Social distancing has led to a “flattening of the curve” in many states across the U.S. This is part of a novel, massive, global social experiment which has served to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic in the absence of a vaccine or effective anti-viral drugs. Hence it is important to be able to forecast hospitalizations reasonably accurately.

Methods We propose on phenomenological grounds a random walk/generalized diffusion equation which incorporates the effect of social distancing to describe the temporal evolution of the probability of having a given number of hospitalizations. The probability density function is log-normal in the number of hospitalizations, which is useful in describing pandemics where the number of hospitalizations is very high.

Findings We used this insight and data to make forecasts for states using Monte Carlo methods. Back testing validates our approach, which yields good results about a week into the future. States are beginning to reopen at the time of submission of this paper and our forecasts indicate possible precursors of increased hospitalizations. However, the trends we forecast for hospitalizations as well as infections thus far show moderate growth.
Additionally we studied the reproducibility Ro in New York (Italian strain) and California (Wuhan strain). We find that even if there is a difference in the transmission of the two strains, social distancing has been able to control the progression of COVID 19.
Management in cases of large uterine myomas in pregnancy
Authors: Stupak Aleksandra , Bobiński Marcin , Miturski Andrzej , Kalbarczyk Barbara , Kwaśniewska Anna , Kotarski Jan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of procreative age. The effects of their occurrence affect the course of pregnancy by increasing the frequency of abortions, premature delivery or premature abruption of the placenta. Medical treatment includes clinical observation, pharmacological pain control, myomectomy during pregnancy or perinatal hysterectomy.

Case presentation
We present a survey of literature and the case of a pregnant woman with an enormous uterine fibroid 23×13×16 cm on the basis of which a diagnostic-therapeutic scheme for tumors of the reproductive organs during pregnancy has been developed.

Conclusions
The study presents improved recommendations for management the pregnancies in presence of the uterine myomas based on clinical practice.
Giant congenital vascular malformation: diagnostic approach and clinical course
Authors: Mense-Dietrich Natasha , Mugarab-Samedi Veronica , Kalaniti Kaarthigeyan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital hemangiomas have been well documented, but there remains relatively little information regarding the workup of large or atypical vascular lesions in neonates beyond history and physical exam.

Case presentation
We report a case of a large congenital hemangioma overlying the anterior chest wall of a term male infant. Imaging by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis of congenital hemangioma, either non-involuting or rapidly-involuting type. Further imaging supported a plan to manage this case conservatively.

Conclusions
We present a case of a giant congenital hemangioma overlying most of the chest wall of a term infant and describe the findings on physical exam and imaging, as well as a work-up of similar lesions.
Modelling spreading of an infection using time series by a novel family of models; fitting the time series of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China
Authors: Jamshidi Babak , Jamshidi Zargaran Shahriar , Rezaei Mansour 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Time series models are one of the frequently used methods to describe the pattern of spreading an epidemic.

Methods
We presented a new family of time series models able to represent the cumulative number of individuals that contracted an infectious disease from the start to the end of the first wave of spreading. This family is flexible enough to model the propagation of almost all infectious diseases. After a general discussion on competent time series to model the outbreak of a communicable disease, we introduced the new family through one of its examples.

Results
We estimated the parameters of two samples of the novel family to model the spreading of COVID-19 in China.

Discussion
Our model does not work well when the decreasing trend of the rate of growth is absent because it is the main presumption of the model. In addition, since the information on the initial days is of the utmost importance for this model, one of the challenges about this model is modifying it to get qualified to model datasets that lack the information on the first days.
pH-responsive polymer micelles for methotrexate delivery at tumor microenvironments
Authors: Carrillo-Castillo Teresa Darlen , Castro-Carmona Javier Servando , Luna-Velasco Antonia , Zaragoza-Contreras Erasto Armando 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) anticancer drug was successfully loaded and released in a controlled manner from polymer micelles made of a diblock copolymer of poly(monomethoxy ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL). The empty and MTX-loaded micelles (MTX/mPEG-PCL) were characterized by electron microscopy. The drug release dependence upon pH 5.4, 6.5, and 7.4 for 30 days was proven and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effect of MTX/mPEG-PCL micelles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was evaluated through an MTT assay. The morphological analysis indicated the successful formation of micelles of 76 and 131 nm for empty and MTX-loaded micelles, respectively. An encapsulation efficiency of 70.2% and a loading capacity of 8.8% were obtained. The in vitro release of MTX showed a gradual and sustained profile over 22 days, with a clear trend to much higher release at acidic pH (80 and 90% for pH 6.7 and 5.5, respectively). The MTX/mPEG-PCL micelles showed an IC50 of MCF-7 cells at 30 µg mL−1. The results suggested that MTX/mPEG-PCL could be a promising drug delivery system for cancer treatment.
The First Oral Folk Tale Ever?
Authors: Meyer Ole 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ms. Uppsala E.8 contains an incomplete version of the wonder tale ATU 510B, Donkey-Skin, taken down from oral performance in 1612. Though briefly mentioned in reference works it is largely ignored and has not been translated before. Other than being the first known version of the tale and of the motif Three Magical Dresses known from the Cinderella cycle it is probably the first record anywhere of a folktale taken down from an oral source, as demonstrated by its form. It also appears to be the only folktale manifestation of the motif Three Animal Opponents, known prominently from Dante’s Commedia. Complete versions of the tale come from Scandinavian nineteenth-century folk tradition in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. Some of these have the incest motif (The Unnatural Father) common to ATU 510 B, while others, including the 1612 fragment, do not: these tell of a farmer or similar who wants to give his daughter to a man she does not want, not of a widowed king pretending a marriage with his own child. In both cases the heroine escapes from home, assisted by a magical Animal Helper. An early fourteenth-century version as a non-magical novella is found in the Florentine collection Il Pecorone; there is also a loose connection to Straparola’s novella Tebaldo – the latter with, the former without the incest motif. Furthermore, the existence of the tale is one of several obstacles to Ruth B. Bottigheimer’s controversial theory that wonder tales were a sixteenth-century urban creation in print rather than a European oral tradition.
Coherent state transform for Landau levels on quasi-tori
Authors: Ziyat Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The spectrum of the Laplacian operator on the positive theta line bundle over the quasi-torus reduces to eigenvalues

π
⁢
ℓ

{\pi\ell}

,

ℓ
=

0
,
1
,
…

{\ell=0,1,\ldots{}}

, which are called Landau levels.
This paper discusses the coherent state transform for each eigenspace associated with a Landau level.
We construct a unitary transform valid for each eigenspace.
A concrete form of the inverse formula for the proposed transform is also obtained.
Impact evaluation and driving type identification of human factors on rural human settlement environment: Taking Gansu Province, China as an example
Authors: Dou Haojian , Ma Libang , Li Huan , Bo Jie , Fang Fang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Evaluating the quality of rural human (RH) settlements and clarifying its spatial differentiation characteristics have the most direct guiding role for the formulation of regional construction policies and the optimization of RH settlements. In this study, the index model of environmental quality of RH settlement was established. ImPACT and trade-off analysis methods were used to quantitatively identify the spatial differentiation of RH settlement and dominant impact human factors of it in Gansu Province in 2017. Then, the driving type of RH settlement environment was identified. Results are as follows. (1) The overall environmental quality of RH settlement in Gansu Province shows a decreasing trend from “west to east.” (2) The environmental quality of RH settlement is mainly affected by eight factors, of which the effect of quantity index per capita is more significant. (3) The trade-off relationship between the environmental quality index and these eight dominant factors is mainly low–low, which indicates that the human factors are the main reason for the environmental quality of the RH settlement. (4) Based on the dominant human factors, Gansu Province is classified into four driving types, of which the proportion of comprehensive type accounts for 77.01%.
Nucleotide-based green synthesis of lanthanide coordination polymers for tunable white-light emission
Authors: Zhang Yaoyao , Liu Baoxia , Shen Qi , Wei Xiuhua , Zhou Yanli , Zhang Yintang , Qu Peng , Xu Maotian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhite-light emitting lanthanide(iii) metal-organic coordination polymers (LMOCPs) were prepared via a green synthesis method performed in pure aqueous solution at room temperature without using toxic solvent and reagents. This kind of LMOCP, denoted as adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/Ln-CIP, was composed of Ln3+ {Ln = Tb (1), Eu (2), and Gd (3)}, hydrosoluble biomolecule of AMP, and nonpoisonous antenna ligand of CIP (ciprofloxacin). The complex of Tb(1), Eu(2), and Gd(3) in AMP/Ln-CIP emits strong green, red, and blue light, respectively. With careful adjustment of the doping mole ratio of the three lanthanide ions {Ln = Tb:Eu:Gd = 0.1:0.9:99.0} in one framework, white light-emission can indeed be achieved. AMP/Ln-CIP is network-structural and amorphous by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. The fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield of AMP/Ln-CIP are 4.36 ms and 36.5%, respectively.
Correlation between bacterial decay and chemical changes in waterlogged archaeological wood analysed by light microscopy and Py-GC/MS
Authors: Pedersen Nanna Bjerregaard , Łucejko Jeannette Jacqueline , Modugno Francesca , Björdal Charlotte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractErosion bacteria are the main degraders of archaeological wood excavated from waterlogged environments. Light microscopy and analytical pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were exploited to study waterlogged archaeological wood (Pinus sylvestrisL.) at different stages of bacterial decay. The research explored the biochemical changes related to erosion bacteria degradation of the secondary cell wall in the wood cells and the chemical changes related to abiotic processes induced by the long-term waterlogged burial environment. Erosion bacteria were demonstrated by chemical analysis to cause significant holocellulose depletion. Detailed analysis of the holocellulose and lignin pyrolysis products revealed only minor chemical changes in the residual structure even after heavy erosion bacteria decay. Chemical changes in the lignin polymer is associated to enzymatic unlocking of the lignocellulose to gain access to the holocellulose fraction of the cell wall. Chemical changes in the holocellulose fraction are suggested to stem from depolymerisation and from alterations in the polymer matrix of the residual wood cell wall structure. Interestingly, a difference was observed between the sound reference wood and the waterlogged archaeological wood without erosion bacteria decay, indicating that long-term exposure in waterlogged environments results in partial decay of the holocellulose even in absence of bacterial activity.
Greater effects of high- compared with moderate-intensity interval training on thyroid hormones in overweight/obese adolescent girls
Authors: Abassi Wissal , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Ghouili Hatem , Haouami Salma , Bouassida Anissa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effects of 12-week high-intensity- (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity-interval training (MIIT) on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) and insulin-resistance in overweight/obese adolescent girls.

Methods
Twenty four adolescent girls (age 16.5±1.36 yrs) were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) HIIT (2 blocks per session of 6–8 bouts of 30 s runs at 100–110% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30 s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8), (2) MIIT (2 blocks per session of 6–8 bouts of 30 s runs at 70–80% MAS, with 30 s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8) and (3) control group (no exercise, n=8). Each training groups engaged in three sessions per week during three months. Anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as well as plasma TSH and T4 levels were assessed in all subjects before- and after-training.

Results
Following both training programs, body mass, body mass index Z-score, waist circumference and body fat decreased, while aerobic capacity increased. However, TSH and T4 concentrations decreased only after the HIIT (−30.47%, p<0.05, ES=1.42 and −12.86%, p<0.05, ES=1.18; respectively). The HOMA-IR decreased in both training groups (−26.25%, p<0.05, ES=1.87 for MIIT and −21.72%, p<0.05, ES=2.14 for HIIT).

Conclusion
Twelve weeks of HIIT was effective in reducing circulating TSH and T4 levels, unlike MIIT, in overweight/obese adolescent girls. These findings indicated that the stimulation of pituitary-thyroid function is more sensitive to training intensity than training duration. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Zivilisierte Konkurrenz: Die Entstehung der English Goethe Society und ihr Verhältnis zur Goethe-Gesellschaft Weimar
Authors: Schopf Fabienne , Nicholls Angus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The English Goethe Society (EGS) is the third oldest Goethe society in the world. Although it was founded solely as a literary society “to promote and extend Goethe’s work and thought,” at certain points in the Society’s history, speakers such as Friedrich Max Müller and Thomas Mann emphasized its political dimensions. This article demonstrates that from its founding in 1886 to the beginning of the First World War, the EGS experienced various crises, not least in its relations with other Goethe societies in Britain and with the Goethe-Gesellschaft in Weimar.
Practical intervention on quality of life of anemic girls and their mothers
Authors: Seyed Nematollah Roshan FatemehSadat , Navipor Hasan , Alhani Fatemeh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Anemia is the most prevalent disease in teenage girls and like other chronic diseases not only affects different aspects of their quality of life (QOl) but also quality of life of their parents.

Objective
The aim of present study is investigating the effectiveness of family centered empowerment model (FCEM) on adolescent girls with anemia and their mother’s quality of life.

Methods
Semi-experimental practical research is performed by choosing 60 girls with anemia and their mothers classified in two case and control groups based on random allocation in Tehran city. The eight sessions of educational program based on educational needs of girls & mothers in case group done for two months. The post test was carried out 1/5 month after the end of intervention through QOl questionnaire in case and control groups. Data analysis was performed using statistical methods including t-test, paired t-test.

Results
There was no significant difference in the QOl in adolescent girls and their mothers between the two case and control groups before intervention (P=0/473 & P=0/94 respectively). While, after the intervention independent t-test showed a significant difference between the two case and control groups (P>0/001).

Conclusions
Findings showed that the FCEM promote the QOl in adolescent girls with anemia and their mothers. It is recommended that extensive studies be performed on the effectiveness of this model for other chronic diseases in different age groups.
Noninstantaneous impulsive and nonlocal Hilfer fractional stochastic integrodifferential equations with fractional Brownian motion and Poisson jumps
Authors: Ahmed Hamdy M. , El-Borai Mahmoud M. , Ramadan Mohamed E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the mild solution for a new class of noninstantaneous and nonlocal impulsive Hilfer fractional stochastic integrodifferential equations with fractional Brownian motion and Poisson jumps. The existence of the mild solution is derived for the considered system by using fractional calculus, stochastic analysis and Sadovskii’s fixed point theorem. Finally, an example is also given to show the applicability of our obtained theory.
Ambiguous Memories of the Reformation: The Case of Norway
Authors: Rasmussen Tarald 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Reformation came to Norway along with Danish annexation of political and ecclesiastical power. For this reason, Norwegian history writing seldom appreciated the history of the Norwegian Reformation, and preferred to look further back to the history of the Middle Ages in search of national, as well as religious, roots of Norwegian Christianity. This was already the case in late sixteenth and early seventeenth century Norwegian historical writing. In nineteenth century historical research, the strategy was underpinned by focussing on the medieval period of Christianization: Norwegian Christianity was imported from the West, from England. Here, the Pope was not at all important. Instead, some key Reformation values were addressed in a kind of “proto-Reformation” in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The King was the ruler of the church; native, Old Norse language was used and promoted; and the people (strongly) identified themselves with their religion.
Global stability result for parabolic Cauchy problems
Authors: Choulli Mourad , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Uniqueness of parabolic Cauchy problems is nowadays a classical problem and since Hadamard [Lectures on Cauchy’s Problem in Linear Partial Differential Equations, Dover, New York, 1953], these kind of problems are known to be ill-posed and even severely ill-posed.
Until now, there are only few partial results concerning the quantification of the stability of parabolic Cauchy problems.
We bring in the present work an answer to this issue for smooth solutions under the minimal condition that the domain is Lipschitz.
The Eleventh Power Residue Symbol
Authors: Joye Marc , Lapiha Oleksandra , Nguyen Ky , Naccache David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an efficient algorithm for computing 11th-power residue symbols in the cyclo-tomic field

ℚ

(

ζ

11

)

,

$ \mathbb{Q}\left( {{\zeta }_{11}} \right), $

where 11 is a primitive 11th root of unity. It extends an earlier algorithm due to Caranay and Scheidler (Int. J. Number Theory, 2010) for the 7th-power residue symbol. The new algorithm finds applications in the implementation of certain cryptographic schemes.
Factoring with Hints
Authors: Sica Francesco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We introduce a new approach to (deterministic) integer factorisation, which could be described in the cryptographically fashionable term of “factoring with hints”: we prove that, for any ϵ > 0, given the knowledge of the factorisations of O(N
1/3+ϵ
) terms surrounding N = pq product of two large primes, we can recover deterministically p and q in O(N
1/3+ϵ
) bit operations. This shows that the factorisations of close integers are non trivially related and that consequently one can expect more results along this line of thought.
The Ideal Gas in Slow Time
Authors: Essex Christopher , Andresen Bjarne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We continue our exploration of thermodynamics at long observational timescales, “slow time,” by including turbulent dynamics leading to a condition of fluctuating local equilibrium. Averaging these fluctuations in wind speed and temperature results in a velocity distribution with heavy tails which, however, are necessarily truncated at some large molecular speed preserving all moments of the velocity distribution including the energy. This leads to an expression for the ideal gas law in slow time which as its core has the superficially familiar term

3

2

N
k
θ

\frac{3}{2}Nk\theta

in addition to a term accounting for the large-scale fluctuations, which is also proportional to the particle number N; θ is a new temperature including thermalization of wind. The traditional temperature T no longer exists. Likewise, the additional energy term necessitates a new quantity that parallels entropy in the sense that it captures hidden degrees of freedom. Like entropy, it captures physical properties manifesting indirectly, but on scales larger than the familiar laboratory scales. We call this quantity epitropy.
Relative error analysis of matrix exponential approximations for numerical integration
Authors: Maset Stefano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the relative error in the numerical solution of a linear ordinary differential equation y′(t) = Ay(t), t ≥ 0, where A is a normal matrix. The numerical solution is obtained by using at any step an approximation of the matrix exponential, e.g. a polynomial or a rational approximation. The error of the numerical solution with respect to the exact solution is due to this approximation as well as to a possible perturbation in the initial value. For an unperturbed initial value, we find: 1) unlike the absolute error, the relative error always grows linearly in time; 2) in the long-time, the contributions to the relative error relevant to non-rightmost eigenvalues of A disappear.
Matrix equation solving of PDEs in polygonal domains using conformal mappings
Authors: Hao Yue , Simoncini Valeria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe explore algebraic strategies for numerically solving linear elliptic partial differential equations in polygonal domains. To discretize the polygon by means of structured meshes, we employ Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mappings, leading to a multiterm linear equation possibly including Hadamard products of some of the terms. This new algebraic formulation allows us to clearly distinguish between the role of the discretized operators and that of the domain meshing. Various algebraic strategies are discussed for the solution of the resulting matrix equation.