bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentists’ knowledge and attitude in immediate implant loading protocol of dental implants- A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shrestha Suraksha , Yadav Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Background: Dental implant therapy is still considered an evolving field in Nepal, with most dentists favoring implant placement following the delayed loading protocol (>3 months) even in the rehabilitation of missing anterior teeth. There is need to understand the clinical difference between immediate and delayed loading protocols of the dental implants. With advent of immediate loading protocol of dental implants, instant rehabilitation in addition to better esthetics and self-confidence can be obtained.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of general dentist towards immediate loading protocol of dental implants.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional survey was conducted among Nepalese general dentists who have entered their clinical practice in private or government hospital regardless of their years of experience. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from some previous studies was framed and distributed with the primary objective to determine their knowledge and attitude towards immediate loading protocols of dental implants. Data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences version 22 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: Among the 250 participants included in this study, 94.8% of the respondents completely filled the questionnaire. Nearly 46.4% of participants had good knowledge on the procedure and advantages offered by the immediately loaded dental implants with provisional restorations, whereas 83.1% had negative reservations toward implant placement using the protocol. In addition, this study found a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between the knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners regarding the protocol.
Conclusion: Although dental implants have changed the outlook of dentistry in the past few decades, there is slightly poor knowledge and significant negative attitude of dentists toward the immediate implant loading protocol. The general dentist are expected to increase their awareness about immediate loading with subsequent training on its use and viability so that proper information can be disseminated to the patients. This will help to increase the practice of immediate implant in indicated cases by implantologist with further benefit to patient’s time and esthetics.
Phonon dynamics of Zr67Ni33 AND Fe80B20 binary glassy alloys
Authors: Vora Aditya M , Gandhi Alkesh L 
Published: January 2021

Binary amorphous alloys are the primary bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Two binary BMGs Zr67Ni33 and Fe80B20 have been studied in the present work using the pseudo- alloy-atom (PAA) model based on the pseudopotential theory. Some important thermodynamic properties like Debye temperature and elastic properties like elasticity moduli and Poisson’s ratio at room temperature are theoretically computed with the help of pseudopotential theory from the elastic limit of the phonon dispersion curves (PDCs). The collective dynamics of longitudinal and transverse phonon modes are investigated in terms of eigenfrequencies of the localized collective modes. The presently computed results are compared with the other such data including theoretically generated results from the molecular dynamics at different temperatures as available in the literature and an acceptable agreement is found.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 33-47
Insight of precursor concentration, particle size and band gap of zirconia nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method
Authors: Bhujel Arun , Sapkota Bibek , Aryal Ram Lochan , Poudel Bhoj Raj , Bhattarai Sitaram , Gautam Surendra K. 
Published: January 2021

Zirconia (ZrO2), an inorganic material, is a very fascinating material due to its high mechanical strength and fracture toughness. The synthesis is carried out by using co-precipitation method using optimum content of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2.8H2O) with NaOH solution at calcination temperature of 700°C. The synthesized samples were characterized to ensure structural, functional, morphological and chemical composition by several techniques. The monoclinic structure has been confirmed from XRD, SAED and Raman spectra. The Zr-O stretching vibration and Zr-O2-Zr bending vibrations were confirmed through FTIR analysis. The well dispersed particles with spherical morphology were established through SEM and TEM analyses. EDX spectra confirmed the formation of pure zirconium oxide. The band gap was calculated with the help of UV-Vis spectra and particle size was determined form XRD data using Debye Scherrer’s equation. The variation of band gap and particle size compared with different concentrations of precursor solution was studied.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 1-9
Simulated spectra (IR and Raman), NLO, AIM and molecular docking of carisoprodol from DFT approach
Authors: Chaudhary Manoj Kumar , Chaudhary Tarun , Joshi Bhawani Datt 
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study to explore the spectroscopic behavior of carisoprodol in terms of simulated spectra (IR and Raman).. The intramolecular H-bond of the molecule has been inspected from the Atoms in Molecule (AIM) approach which infers that there exist partial covalent H-bond in nature. The protein-ligand binding activity of the drug molecule has been analyzed theoretically from the molecular docking approach with the predicted targets in terms of binding energy and conventional H-bond with residue. The molecular docking analysis of the title molecule explores that the binding energy with the protein acetylcholinesterase is more than the protein epoxide hydrolase1. The nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of title molecule has been scrutinized which motivates that the potent use of the molecule as NLO material.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 48-57
Diffusion of oxytocin in water: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Acharya Khimananda , Koirala Rajendra Prasad , Pantha Nurapati 
Published: January 2021

Classical molecular dynamics simulation is performed to estimate the diffusion coefficient of oxytocin in water at different temperatures, 288 K, 300 K, 313 K, 323 K, using GROningen Machine for Chemical Simulations (GROMOCS). The simulation is carried out using GROMOS43A1 force field and extended simple point charge (SPC/E) water model. The stability of the system is evaluated from energy profile of potential and kinetic energy, which assures well equilibrated molecular system. The self-diffusion coefficient of oxytocin and water is obtained from Einstein’s relation and binary diffusion coefficient is obtained from Darken’s relation. As temperature increases the diffusion coefficient also increases as per expectation. The diffusion coefficients of water from the present calculations agree well with the previously reported values, within the 10% of deviation. Furthermore, the activation energy has been studied using Arrhenius Plot.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 108-117
Modeling and parameter analysis of deflection of a beam
Authors: Pokhrel Puskar Raj , Lamsal Bhabani 
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we present the model equation of a beam when it applies compression forces on ends of the beam and carries a load. For the structural point of view, there should be a suitable model to understand the behavior under different conditions of loading of a beam. Mathematical modeling is the simulation of a physical structure or physical phenomenon by constructing suitable analytic and numerical solution. We analyze the deflections of the beam by taking different structures of beam. The structures of beam depend on the compression forces on beams with different beams with different weights. We observe the deflection by applying various compression forces at the ends of the beam. The influence of the effect of some parameters appeared in mathematical formulations such as area moment of inertia (I), Young’s modulus (E), load (W) and compressive force (P) on deflection variation are investigated in this paper. We analyze the results that how compression forces affect the system. We use finite difference method to solve the model equation numerically. We analyze and compare the numerical result with analytic solution.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 75-82
Molecular dynamics study of structural properties of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Authors: Khanal Shyam P , Koirala Rajendra P , Mishra Esha , Adhikari Narayan Prasad 
Published: January 2021

The study of structural conformation of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exhibits its biological and chemical activities. The GABA molecule is responsible in neurotransmission from one neuron to another neuron and activates the ion channels to pass the chlorine and sodium ions in nerve cells. Its conformation in solid state and gas state are extremely different and it also shows five different conformations in aqueous solution. The study of its structure in such environment can reveal its activity in cellular environment. We have performed the classical molecular dynamics study of this system of GABA in aqueous medium to deal its structure. Radial distribution function (RDF) has been used to study the structural properties of the system.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 67-74
Analysis of Aerosol Optical Depth and Angstrom Exponents over an AERONET site at Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Jeevan , Poudyal Khem N , Pokhrel Amod , Gyawali Madhu , Barinelli Anthony , Aryal Rudra 
Published: January 2021

The monthly variability of Aerosol Optical Depth at 0.50 μm (AOD0.50) and Ångström exponents (AE) based on spectral AODs over an Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site Pokhara, are analyzed by using aerosol data of the year 2017. The AOD0.50 are characterized by low average values (0.21± 0.12) in monsoon, and highest values in pre-monsoon (0.67± 0.14) followed by winter (0.46± 0.28) and post-monsoon (0.33±.02) with an overall mean of 0.43 ± 0.02. The average AE obtained by using AODs at 0.44 μm and 0.87 μm is 1.20± 0.04 in pre-monsoon, 1.37± 0.05 in monsoon, 1.41±.01 in post-monsoon, and 1.37± 0.07 in winter with an annual average value of 1.35 ± 0.08. These overall variations of AE indicate that the majority of aerosol loading during the study period was mixture of fine and coarse mode aerosols and the influence of anthropogenic aerosols. The monthly average AOD suggests low aerosol loading in the months of the monsoon season (June to September) than other months of pre-monsoon season (March to May) and post-monsoon season (October and November).
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 118-127
A spectroscopic study of the low redshift dwarf galaxy SDSS J134326.99+431118.7 to calculate star formation rate
Authors: Chhatkuli Daya Nidhi , Paudel Sanjaya , Aryal Binil 
Published: January 2021

We present a spectroscopic study of an interacting emission-line dwarf galaxy SDSS J134326.99+431118.7. We analyzed eight-strong emission lines of wavelength in a range of 3902.1Å to 6619.1Å. Among them, the strongest emission line is OIII, with an intensity of 1043.6 x 10-17 erg/s/cm2/Å. These characteristic lines show a perfect Gaussian fit with a coefficient of regression greater than 98%, where the derived full width half maximum (FWHM) is less than 3.8 Å. The line ratio between Ha and Hb, (Ha/ Hb), is 2.73. This suggests that the galaxy is a starburst galaxy. Star Formation Rate (SFR) of the galaxy derived from Ha emission line flux is 0.019 and emission line metallicity derived from flux ratio between NII and Ha is 7.85 dex. These morphological and physical properties of SDSSJ134326.99+431118.7 are very similar to those of a typical Blue Compact Dwarf (BCD) galaxy. We conclude that we have presented another evidence of forming a BCD-type galaxy through a merger.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 100-107
Structural analysis of Cu substituted Ni\Zn in Ni-Zn Ferrite
Authors: Parajuli Deependra , Samatha K 
Published: January 2021

Ni-Zn ferrites are soft ferrites basically popular for high-frequency devices. They have low coercivity, low permeability, and higher resistivity. These properties have their own benefits on one hand but on the other hand, we can make them more efficient by doping suitable elements in order for tuning their properties for other applications. It this work, highly conducting Cu is used for substituting Ni in Ni-Zn ferrites and prepared Ni0.5-xCuxZn0.5Fe2O4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2) samples using the sol-gel auto-combustion process. We have studied their resulting structural parameter using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy method and compared with that of Cu substituted Zn Ni-Zn ferrites. Their structures are found to be single-phase cubic spinel similar to that of Cu substituted Zn. The lattice constant increases with Cu concentration opposite to that at Zn substitution. Likewise, the size of the crystallites was not in monotonic change with the doping concentration in both cases due to internal strain and cation distribution. The difference in the pattern of XRD and FTIR of our samples indicate their different but significant properties. The changes in the structure show the effect of Cu doping and indicate the possible interesting changes in their electric, electronic, and magnetic properties.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 128-133
Investigation on thermo-physical properties of liquid In-Tl alloy
Authors: Bhandari I B , Panthi N , Koirala I 
Published: January 2021

This research explores mixing behaviour of liquid In – Tl system through thermodynamic and the structural properties on the basis of Complex Formation Model. The properties like surface tension and viscosity have been analyzed through simple statistical model and Moelwyn – Hughes equation. The interaction parameters are found to be positive, concentration independent and temperature dependent. Theoretical results are in a good agreement with the corresponding literature data which support homo-coordinating tendency in the liquid In-Tl alloy.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 149-158
Pyrolyzed human hair: a review on synthesis, characterization and applications
Authors: Bhandari Tika Ram , Lamsal Bidit , Adhikari Rameshwar 
Published: January 2021

Human hair, a common biowaste, can be pyrolyzed to prepare many kinds of functional materials. Pyrolyzed hair has been used as in various forms of traditional medicine, sensor, ink, and electrolytes. This review highlights the major structural characteristics of human hair and its pyrolyzed form. It also addresses the characterization techniques used for the structure elucidation of pyrolyzed human hair as well as its potential applications.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 231-239
Degradation of fundamental polymers/plastics used in daily life: a review
Authors: Bhandari Netra Lal , Bhandari Ganesh , Bista Sunita , Pokhrel Basant , Bist Kabita , Dhakal Kedar Nath 
Published: January 2021

Polymers are made from the monomers that are used for packaging purposes. The degradation of polymers can take place either abiotic or biotic pathways. Abiotic pathway occurs from thermal, photo-degradation, and catalytic methods whereas, biotic occurs in presence of different types of microorganisms. The degradation of polymers (polyethylene and polylactic acid) was explained by the thermal, catalytic, and biodegradation process. The thermal degradation of polyethylene and polylactic acid was explained by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curve. Catalysts such as zeolites and amorphous silica-alumina are used for the degradation of polyethylene whereas, tin for polylactic acid. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungus, and actinomycetes help for the degradation of polyethylene and polylactic acid.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 240-253
Thermal properties of normal and sickled hemoglobin protein
Authors: Powrel Jhulan , Adhikari Narayan P 
Published: January 2021

Thermodynamic properties of sickled and normal hemoglobin protein are considered within the framework of classical molecular dynamics. Here we have studied the specific heat capacity and RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) of both types of hemoglobin protein. Our investigation reveals that the specific heat capacity and RMSD for oxygenated hemoglobin protein is higher than those of de-oxygenated sickle hemoglobin protein. It is also observed that the specific heat capacity and RMSD values of sickle hemoglobin protein decrease with a rise in temperature.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 140-148
Thermodynamic, structural, surface and transport properties of Au-Ni liquid alloy at 1150 K
Authors: Yadav S K , Chaudhary N , Adhikari D 
Published: January 2021

Thermodynamic, structural, surface, and transport properties of Au-Ni liquid alloy at 1150 K were computed using different theoretical approaches. The thermodynamic properties, such as excess Gibbs free energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing, activity and excess entropy of mixing, and structural properties, such as concentration fluctuation in long-wavelength limit and Warren-Cowley short-range order parameter were computed in the framework of Flory’s model. The effect of positive and negative values of the interchange energy parameter on the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing and concentration fluctuation in the long-wavelength limit was also observed. The surface tension and surface concentration of the system were calculated using Butler’s model. In the transport property, the viscosity of the system was calculated using Kaptay and Budai-Benko-Kaptay (BBK) models.
BIBECHANA 18 (2021) 184-192
A contemporary insight of metabolomics approach for COVID-19: Potential for novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets
Authors: Asim Mohammad , Sathian Brijesh , Banerjee Indrajit , Robinson Jared 
Published: January 2021

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by rapidly spreading pathogenic virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that affects vast majority of population worldwide. Although, around 80% of the cases had mild infection but still remaining 20% had developed respiratory failure and dysfunction of other organs that necessitate urgent oxygen therapy or specific interventions. Therefore, it is imperative to establish novel prognostic approaches to screen patients at high-risk of developing severe complications. The primary focus of current research for COVID-19 is to discover safe and efficacious vaccine for prevention and effective treatment for better management of the patients to overcome the pandemic. To achieve this goal, it is imperative to have better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology and progression of severe COVID-19. The surge for reliable diagnostics and therapeutics targets for COVID-19 highlighted the great potential of high-throughput approach like metabolomics which may enable the development of personalized medicine.
Effect of Refractive Solid Immersion Lens Parameters on the Enhancement of Laser Induced Fault Localization Techniques
Authors: Goh S.H. , Quah A.C.T. , Sheppard C.J.R. , Phang J.C.H. , Chua C.M. , Koh L.S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The effect of Refractive Solid Immersion Lens (RSIL) parameters on the enhancement to laser induced fault localization techniques are investigated. The experimental results of the effect on a common laser induced technique, namely Thermally Induced Voltage Alteration (TIVA), and imaging are presented. A signal enhancement in the peak TIVA signal of close to 12 times has been achieved.
High Current Focused Ion Beam Instrument for Destructive Physical Analysis Applications
Authors: Tesch Paul , Smith Noel , Martin Noel , Kinion Doug 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Conventional focused ion beams (FIB) employing liquid metal ion sources (LMIS) are used to create site specific cross-sections for viewing subsurface features and performing 3D metrology on subsurface structure. Emerging applications incorporate novel materials as well as large structures that interface to decreasing IC dimensions and often require destructive physical analysis. This paper describes a novel instrument in which an inductively coupled plasma ion source is integrated onto a conventional FIB column. It compares this instrument to the existing LMIS FIBs and shows examples that illustrate the capabilities of this tool. This instrument retains the benefits of the conventional LMIS FIB such as high placement accuracy and the ability to immediately obtain high resolution images of the cross-section face without having to transfer it to another tool. It is capable of creating large cross-sections from 10 microns to 1mm in size at about 100 times faster than a conventional FIB.
Applications of Scanning Near-Field Photon Emission Microscopy
Authors: Isakov D.V. , Tan B.W.M. , Phang J.C.H. , Yeo Y.C. , Tio A.A.B. , Zhang Y. , Geinzer T. , Balk L.J. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the application of scanning near-field photon emission microscopy for imaging photon emission sites is demonstrated. Photon emissions generated by a Fin-FET test structure with one metallization layer are imaged with spatial resolution of 50 nm using scattering dialectic probe. The potential applications and limitations of the technique are discussed.
Thick Film Resistor Failures
Authors: Shrivastava Anshul , Amin Ahmed , Sood Bhanu , Azarian Michael , Pecht Michael , Zagami Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Thick film resistors are widely used in consumer and industrial products such as timers, motor controls and a broad range of high performance electronic equipment. This article provides information on failures due to copper dendrite growth, silver migration, sulfur atmosphere corrosion, variation of temperature, and crack due to molding compound mechanisms. It presents case studies in which a physical analysis plan was developed and executed to investigate these sites of interest on as-manufactured and failed thick film power resistors. The analysis techniques included X-ray inspection, cross-sectioning, decapsulation, and optical and environmental scanning electron microscopy analysis. A table illustrates different failure modes and mechanisms for thick film resistors, and also potential application and manufacturing factors that cause failure mechanisms, which then describe the failure modes. The article is concluded that by preventing the failure of thick film resistors, printed circuit boards can be kept in service for their full lifetime.
Active Voltage Contrast and Seebeck Effect Imaging as Complementary Techniques for Localization of Resistive Interconnections
Authors: Österreicher I. , Rossberg U. , Eckl S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The diagnosis of the failure mode in defective interconnections requires the localization of the failing via before the visualization is performed. The exact localization is challenging when the test array consists of several thousand interconnections and is even more difficult when we have to deal with contacts on active area due to leakage currents into the substrate. This paper shows that Active Voltage Contrast (AVC) and Seebeck Effect Imaging (SEI) are complementary methods to localize defective interconnections in cases where passive Voltage Contrast or other laser scanning techniques fail. It shows that the two physical approaches yield different information. AVC has advantages in lateral resolution and speed as it allows localization and direct cross sectioning in one step. While SEI often overlaps with AVC, it makes resistance mapping of a large area possible and is the method of choice for marginal resistance increases with high sensitivity.