bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio-assisted preparation of efficiently architectured nanostructures of γ-Fe2O3 as a molecular recognition platform for simultaneous detection of biomarkers
Authors: Sundar Sasikala , Ganesh V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) have been prepared using bio-assisted method and their application in the field of biosensors is demonstrated. Particularly in this work, different nanostructures of γ-Fe2O3 namely nanospheres (NS), nanograsses (NG) and nanowires (NW) are prepared using a bio-surfactant namely Furostanol Saponin (FS) present in Fenugreek seeds extract through co-precipitation method by following “green” route. Three distinct morphologies of iron oxide nanostructures possessing the same crystal structure, magnetic properties, and varied size distribution are prepared and characterized. The resultant materials are analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of reaction time and concentration of FS on the resultant morphologies of γ-Fe2O3 nanostructures are systematically investigated. Among different shapes, NWs and NSs of γ-Fe2O3 are found to exhibit better sensing behaviour for both the individual and simultaneous electrochemical detection of most popular biomarkers namely dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Electrochemical studies reveal that γ-Fe2O3 NWs showed better sensing characteristics than γ-Fe2O3 NSs and NGs in terms of distinguishable voltammetric signals for DA and UA with enhanced oxidation current values. Differential pulse voltammetric studies exhibit linear dependence on DA and UA concentrations in the range of 0.15–75 µM and 5 μM – 0.15 mM respectively. The detection limit values for DA and UA are determined to be 150 nM and 5 µM. In addition γ-Fe2O3 NWs modified electrode showed higher sensitivity, reduced overpotential along with good selectivity towards the determination of DA and UA even in the presence of other common interferents. Thus the proposed biosensor electrode is very easy to fabricate, eco-friendly, cheaper and possesses higher surface area suggesting the unique structural patterns of γ-Fe2O3 nanostructures to be a promising candidate for electrochemical bio-sensing and biomedical applications.
Phylogeny of the Synlestidae (Odonata: Zygoptera), with an emphasis on Chlorolestes Selys and Ecchlorolestes Barnard
Authors: Simaika John P. , Ware Jessica L. , Garrison Rosser W. , Samways Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Synlestidae (Odonata: Zygoptera) of southern Africa comprise some highly localized species. All but one species are endemic to South Africa, and many to the Cape Floristic Region. Here we present the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the southern African Synlestidae using nuclear and mitochondrial molecular data. The genera Ecchlorolestes and Chlorolestes are monophyletic, and we propose that the Neotropical family Perilestidae consisting of two genera, Perilestes and Perissolestes, be sunk within Synlestidae. We discuss the intra-familial relationships for the southern African Synlestidae.
Impact of ASA-score, age and learning curve on early outcome in the initiation phase of an oncological robotic colorectal program
Authors: Sarikaya Hülya , Benhidjeb Tahar , Iosivan Sergiu I. , Kolokotronis Theodoros , Förster Christine , Eckert Stephan , Wilkens Ludwig , Nasser Alaa , Rehberg Sebastian , Krüger Martin , Schulte am Esch Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ASA score is known to be an independent predictor of complications and mortality following colorectal surgery. We evaluated early outcome in the initiation phase of a robotic oncological colorectal resection program in dependence of comorbidity and learning curve. 43 consecutive colorectal cancer patients (median age: 74 years) who underwent robotic surgery were firstly analysed defined by physical status (group A = ASA1 + 2; group B = ASA3). Secondly, outcome was evaluated relating to surgery date (group E: early phase; group L: late phase). There were no differences among groups A and B with regard to gender, BMI, skin-to-skin operative times (STS), N- and M-status, hospital-stay as well as overall rate of complications according to Dindo-Clavien and no one-year mortality. GroupA when compared to group B demonstrated significantly lower mean age (65.5 years ± 11.4 years vs 75.8 years  ± 8.9 years), T-stage and ICU-stay. When separately analyzed for patients age ICU-stay was comparable (> 75 years vs. < 75 years). Group E and L demonstrated comparable characteristics and early outcome except more frequent lymphatic fistulas in group E. STS was reduced in group L compared to group E. Beyond learning curve aspects in our series, we could demonstrate that patient’s physical condition according to ASA rather than age may have an impact on early outcome in the initial phase of a robotic oncological colorectal program.
Quantitative analysis of red blood cell membrane phospholipids and modulation of cell-macrophage interactions using cyclodextrins
Authors: Vahedi Amid , Bigdelou Parnian , Farnoud Amir M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is asymmetric with respect to its phospholipid composition. Analysis of the lipid composition of the outer leaflet is important for understanding cell membrane biology in health and disease. Here, a method based on cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange to characterize the phospholipids in the outer leaflet of red blood cells (RBCs) is reported. Methyl-α-cyclodextrin, loaded with exogenous lipids, was used to extract phospholipids from the membrane outer leaflet, while delivering lipids to the cell to maintain cell membrane integrity. Thin layer chromatography and lipidomics demonstrated that the extracted lipids were from the membrane outer leaflet. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and sphingomyelins (SM) were the most abundant phospholipids in the RBCs outer leaflet with PC 34:1 and SM 34:1 being the most abundant species. Fluorescence quenching confirmed the delivery of exogenous lipids to the cell outer leaflet. The developed lipid exchange method was then used to remove phosphatidylserine, a phagocyte recognition marker, from the outer leaflet of senescent RBCs. Senescent RBCs with reconstituted membranes were phagocytosed in significantly lower amounts compared to control cells, demonstrating the efficiency of the lipid exchange process and its application in modifying cell–cell interactions.
Impact of self-assembling peptides in remineralisation of artificial early enamel lesions adjacent to orthodontic brackets
Authors: Jablonski-Momeni Anahita , Nothelfer R. , Morawietz M. , Kiesow A. , Korbmacher-Steiner H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnamel demineralisation can occur as a side effect during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the self-assembling peptide P11-4 for remineralisation combined with fluorides, compared to application of fluoride varnish alone. De- and remineralisation was assessed by Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Orthodontic brackets were bonded on 108 human enamel samples and white spot lesions were created. The samples were allocated randomly into three groups: Group I received no treatment, group II had a single application of fluoride varnish (22,600 ppm), and group III was treated with P11-4 following a single application of fluoride varnish. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) measurements were performed at baseline, after demineralisation and after storage in remineralisation solution for 7 and 30 days. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test and Friedman test) were used for further analysis. After demineralisation, all samples showed a median ΔF -9.38% ± 2.79. After 30 days median ΔF values were as followed: group I = -9.04% ± 2.51, group II = -7.89 ± 2.07, group III = -6.08% ± 2.79). The median ΔF values differed significantly between all groups at all investigation times (p < 0.00001). Application of P11-4 with fluoride varnish was superior to the use of fluorides alone for remineralisation of enamel adjacent to brackets.
Effect of temperature fluctuation on the localized pattern of action potential in cardiac tissue
Authors: Takembo Clovis Ntahkie , Fouda Henri Paul Ekobena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on the improved FitzHugh–Nagumo myocardial model driven by a constant external current, the effect of temperature fluctuation in a network of electrically coupled myocardial cells are investigated through analytical and numerical computations. Through the technique of multiple scale expansion, we successfully reduced the complex nonlinear system of equations to a more tractable and solvable nonlinear amplitude equation on which the analysis of linear stability is performed. Interestingly from this analysis, a plot of critical amplitude of action potential versus wave number revealed the growth rate of modulational instability (MI) is an increasing function of the thermoelectric couplings; $$T^{(1)}$$

T

(
1
)

and $$T^{(2)}$$

T

(
2
)

, under fixed conditions of nonlinear electrical couplings. In order to verify our analytical predictions through the study the long-time evolution of the modulated cardiac impulses, numerical computation is finally carried out. Numerical experiment revealed the existence of localized coherent structures with some recognized features of synchronization. Through the mechanism of MI, changes in thermoelectrical couplings promote wave localization and mode transition in electrical activities in the cell lattice. Results could provide new insights in understanding the underlying mechanism of the manifestation of sudden heart disorder subjected to heavily temperature fluctuation.
Low profile broadband substrate‐integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide transition for W‐band automotive radar
Authors: Dong Haoyi , Chen Jixin , Hou Debin , Hong Wei 
Published: September 2020

Low profile broadband substrate‐integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide (RWG) transitions have been proposed for RF verification of W‐band automotive radar. The transition is designed on a PCB, which is assembled between the radar board and instrument waveguide port. In the design of the transition, a magnetoelectric (ME) dipole is introduced to excite the basic mode of RWG, and a bowtie slot is designed to excite the ME dipole with a broadband performance. The measured frequency band of back‐to‐back transitions is 68.4–85.3 GHz for a 5 mil RO3003 covered multilayer radar board and 68.6–89.3 GHz for a 10 mil RO3003 covered board, respectively. The calibrated single transition loss is 0.58 and 0.33 dB, respectively. The proposed low profile transitions are robust to assembly errors and convenient for fast RF verification of automotive front‐end in the design stage.
Doppler shift oscillations of a sunspot detected by CYRA and IRIS
Authors: Li D. , Yang X. , Bai X. Y. , Su J. T. , Ning Z. J. , Cao W. , Deng Y. Y. 
Published: September 2020

Context. The carbon monoxide (CO) molecular line at around 46655 Å in solar infrared spectra is often used to investigate the dynamic behavior of the cold heart of the solar atmosphere, i.e., sunspot oscillation, especially at the sunspot umbra.
Aims. We investigated sunspot oscillation at Doppler velocities of the CO 7-6 R67 and 3-2 R14 lines that were measured by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA), as well as the line profile of Mg II k line that was detected by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).
Methods. A single Gaussian function is applied to each CO line profile to extract the line shift, while the moment analysis method is used for the Mg II k line. Then the sunspot oscillation can be found in the time–distance image of Doppler velocities, and the quasi-periodicity at the sunspot umbra are determined from the wavelet power spectrum. Finally, the cross-correlation method is used to analyze the phase relation between different atmospheric levels.
Results. At the sunspot umbra, a periodicity of roughly 5 min is detected at the Doppler velocity range of the CO 7-6 R67 line that formed in the photosphere, while a periodicity of around 3 min is discovered at the Doppler velocities of CO 3-2 R14 and Mg II k lines that formed in the upper photosphere or the temperature minimum region and the chromosphere. A time delay of about 2 min is measured between the strong CO 3-2 R14 line and the Mg II k line.
Conclusions. Based on the spectroscopic observations from the CYRA and IRIS, the 3 min sunspot oscillation can be spatially resolved in the Doppler shifts. It may come from the upper photosphere or the temperature minimum region and then propagate to the chromosphere, which might be regarded as a propagating slow magnetoacoustic wave.
Drei Top-Indikationen für den Einsatz kieferorthopädischer Minischrauben
Authors: Baumgaertel Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDrei kieferorthopädische Probleme werden in der modernen Praxis regelmäßig mit kieferorthopädischen Minischrauben korrigiert. Dieser Artikel erläutert die theoretischen Grundlagen wie die Verankerungsproblematik in der Biomechanik und die Wahl der korrekten Insertionsstelle und erläutert anhand klinischer Beispiele wie Molaren Mesialisierung, Korrektur des frontal offenen Bisses und Distalisierung des Unterkieferzahnbogens einfach, erfolgreich und verlässlich zu erzielen sind.
Radiographic Recognition of Tarsal Malformation in 8- to 9-Week-Old Bernese Mountain Dogs
Authors: Petazzoni Massimo , Briotti Francesca , Mortellaro Carlo M. , Boudrieau Randy J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Tarsal malformation is a skeletal malformation of unknown aetiology associated with a variety of morphologic changes to the tarsal and metatarsal bones of the dog.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if early diagnosis and prevalence of tarsal malformation could be obtained at approximately 8 to 9 weeks of age in multiple litters of Bernese Mountain dogs.
Methods A prospective study of 51 Bernese Mountain dog puppies were evaluated from 12 litters in northern Italy. Dorsoplantar radiographic views of the tarsus were obtained at 60 ± 5 days of age. Tarsal malformation was defined as an abnormal extension of the central tarsal bone on its medial side, or the presence of ectopic bone located medially to the central tarsal bone, talus and second metatarsal bones (proximomedial, distomedial and metatarsal ossification sites respectively).
Results All puppies were found to be clinically normal. Thirty-nine of the 51 puppies showed ossification sites medial to the tarsus as defined. A metatarsal ossification was present in all dogs with either a proximo- or distomedial ossification site. No central tarsal bone extensions were observed. The remainder of the tarsometatarsal joints were normal.
Clinical Significance Tarsal malformation can be identified in the 8- to 9-week-old Bernese Mountain dog. The clinical significance of tarsal malformation remains to be determined, either as an incidental finding or a precursor to the development of other clinically relevant and related issues in the tarsus.
Stage 4S Neuroblastoma: What Are the Outcomes? A Systematic Review of Published Studies
Authors: Raitio Arimatias , Rice Michael J. , Mullassery Dhanya , Losty Paul D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction The prognosis of stage 4S/MS neuroblastoma has traditionally been reported as excellent, yet conflicting treatment protocols exist for this enigmatic disease. To critically address this question, we have undertaken a systematic review of published studies to accurately determine outcomes for infants with stage 4S/MS neuroblastoma.
Materials and Methods Studies were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases using the relevant search terms. Literature reviews, case reports, and adult studies were excluded. Data were extracted independently following article selection by three authors and reviewed by the senior author.
Results The original search retrieved 2,325 articles. Following application of exclusion criteria and removing duplicate data, 37 studies (1,105 patients) were included for final review. Overall patient survival was 84%. Twelve studies (544 patients) recorded MYCN status. Mortality in MYCN amplified tumors was 56%. Chromosome 1p/11q status was reported in four studies and 1p/11q deletion carried a 40% fatality rate. Management included observation only (201 patients, 8.5% mortality), surgical resection of primary tumor only (153 patients, 6.5% mortality), chemotherapy only (186 patients, 21% mortality), radiotherapy (5 deaths, 33% mortality), chemotherapy with surgery (160 patients, 10% mortality), surgery with radiotherapy (21 patients, 19% mortality), radiotherapy with chemotherapy (42 patients, 29% mortality), and surgery with chemotherapy and radiotherapy (27 patients, 33% mortality).
Conclusion There is a significant mortality observed in stage 4S/MS neuroblastoma infants with a dismal outcome observed in those patients with MYCN amplification and 1p/11q deletion. Those patients suitably amenable for conservative management or surgery to excise the primary tumor carry the best prognosis.
Two conceptions of consciousness and why only the neo-Aristotelian one enables us to construct evolutionary explanations
Authors: Smit Harry , Hacker Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDescartes separated the physical from the mental realm and presupposed a causal relation between conscious experience and neural processes. He denominated conscious experiences ‘thoughts’ and held them to be indubitable. However, the question of how we can bridge the gap between subjective experience and neural activity remained unanswered, and attempts to integrate the Cartesian conception with evolutionary theory has not resulted in explanations and testable hypotheses. It is argued that the alternative neo-Aristotelian conception of the mind as the capacities of intellect and will resolves these problems. We discuss how the neo-Aristotelian conception, extended with the notion that organisms are open thermodynamic systems that have acquired heredity, can be integrated with evolutionary theory, and elaborate how we can explain four different forms of consciousness in evolutionary terms.
Asymptotically sharp two-sided estimate for domains of univalence of holomorphic self-maps of a disc with an invariant diameter
Authors: Kudryavtseva O. S. , Solodov A. P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc with two fixed diametrically opposite boundary points and an invariant diameter are investigated. Asymptotically sharp estimates for domains of univalence are obtained for functions in such classes, which depend on the product of the angular derivatives at the boundary fixed points.
Bibliography: 16 titles.
Exploring the landscape of model representations
Authors: Foley Thomas T. , Kidder Katherine M. , Shell M. Scott , Noid W. G. 
Published: September 2020

SignificancePhysical phenomena can often be described by surprisingly few order parameters. Unfortunately, it is challenging to identify these essential degrees of freedom. Here we develop a statistical physics framework for exploring the landscape of order parameters, or coarse-grained representations, for a microscopic protein model. We employ Monte Carlo methods to statistically characterize this landscape. We define metrics assessing the intrinsic quality of each representation for preserving the configurational information and large-scale motions of the underlying microscopic model. Interestingly, these metrics are anticorrelated in low-resolution representations. Moreover, below a critical resolution, a phase transition qualitatively distinguishes superior and inferior representations. Finally, we relate our work to recent approaches for clustering graphs and detecting communities in networks.
ORAI1 and ORAI2 modulate murine neutrophil calcium signaling, cellular activation, and host defense
Authors: Grimes Derayvia , Johnson Ryan , Pashos Madeline , Cummings Celeste , Kang Chen , Sampedro Georgia R. , Tycksen Eric , McBride Helen J. , Sah Rajan , Lowell Clifford A. , Clemens Regina A. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Neutrophils are essential for host defense against pathogens. Although calcium signals direct numerous cell functions, the molecular machinery that orchestrates calcium influx into neutrophils is poorly defined. We demonstrate that ORAI1 and ORAI2 are key components of the mouse neutrophil calcium release-activated calcium channel and are essential for neutrophil bactericidal function. We find that neutrophils separate into two populations with distinct regulation of the membrane potential during calcium influx, which influences the magnitude of SOCE and the effect of ORAI isoform deficiency. These findings advance understanding of the mechanics of neutrophil calcium signaling, identify neutrophil subpopulations where the cell-membrane potential modulates the calcium response, and suggest mechanisms that regulate neutrophil function during infection and inflammation.
Late lactation in small mammals is a critically sensitive window of vulnerability to elevated ambient temperature
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Jun , Hambly Catherine , Shi Lu-Lu , Bi Zhong-Qiang , Cao Jing , Speakman John R. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceModels of future climate change have tended to focus on changes in average temperature, which in physiological terms are relatively trivial. Of more physiological importance is the future elevated risk of heat waves. We show here that during peak lactation in two species of small rodent the upper lethal temperature is reduced by around 3 to 6 °C, making this time a critically sensitive period to hot ambient temperatures. If these effects are confirmed in studies of wild rodents, they would point to large potential population impacts that are ignored in current models. Studies of the impact of high temperatures on wild small rodents are urgently required to fill this knowledge gap.
Kindlin-3 loss curbs chronic myeloid leukemia in mice by mobilizing leukemic stem cells from protective bone marrow niches
Authors: Krenn Peter William , Koschmieder Steffen , Fässler Reinhard 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Current leukemia treatments focus on targeting leukemic cells and neglect the influence of the malignant BM environment, which is modified to nurture and protect LSCs. By abrogating K3-mediated integrin adhesion of LSCs to BM niches, either through genetics or an LSC-specific RNA aptamer-mediated K3-siRNA delivery, we impaired integrin-mediated niche retention of LSCs, slowed down the course of leukemia in vivo, and prolonged the survival of mice suffering from CML. Therefore, delivering K3-depleting compounds via tumor-specific surface receptors represents a strategy to abolish the function of multiple integrin classes on LSCs and interactions with numerous niche components at once.
Interfacial plasticity facilitates high reaction rate of
E. coli
FAS malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, FabD
Authors: Misson Laetitia E. , Mindrebo Jeffrey T. , Davis Tony D. , Patel Ashay , McCammon J. Andrew , Noel Joseph P. , Burkart Michael D. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The essential role of acyltransferases (ATs) in fatty acid synthase (FAS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways, namely the selection and loading of starter and extender units onto acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), relies on catalytically productive ACP–AT interactions. Here, we describe and interrogate the structure of a type II FAS malonyl-CoA:ACP-transacylase (MAT) in the covalent complex with its cognate ACP. We combine structural, mutational, crosslinking, and kinetic data with molecular dynamics simulations to describe a highly flexible and robust protein–protein interface, substrate-induced active site reorganization, and key subdomain motions that likely govern AT function. These findings strengthen a mechanistic understanding of molecular recognition between ACPs and partner enzymes and provide insights for engineering AT-dependent biosynthetic pathways.