bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α therapy
Authors: Fidan Sami , Capkın Erhan , Arıca Deniz Aksu , Durak Serdar , Okatan Ilyas Ercan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening rates in patients receiving anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α therapy and the frequency of HBV reactivation in patients with resolved hepatitis B virus infection (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] negative, hepatitis B core antibody [Anti‐HBc] positive).Patients and methodsData from 1834 patients who underwent anti‐TNF‐α therapy in the Rheumatology, Gastroenterology and Dermatology Departments of our hospital between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Within 6 months before the initial anti‐TNF‐α therapy, performing a HBsAg and/or anti‐HBc test is defined as HBV screening. HBV reactivation is defined as the presence of detectable serum HBV DNA or HBsAg seroconversion from negative to positive.ResultsThe overall HBV screening rate was 82.3% before starting anti‐TNF‐α therapy. There was an increasing trend in HBV screening rates during the years analyzed (64% in 2010, 87.4% in 2019) (P < .001). Before anti‐TNF‐α therapy was initiated, 272 patients were HBsAg negative and anti‐HBc positive. Among these patients, HBV reactivation did not occur in 31 patients who received antiviral prophylaxis, whereas HBV reactivation occurred in only 1 (0.4%) of the 241 patients who did not receive antiviral prophylaxis.ConclusionHepatitis B virus screening rates prior to starting anti‐TNF‐α therapy were relatively high, and its trend was increased by year. HBV reactivation because of anti‐TNF‐α use rarely occurred in patients with resolved HBV infection. Further studies are needed on whether routine anti‐HBc screening and/or HBV DNA follow‐up are necessary in these patients aside from HBsAg.
Telephone‐ and Text Message–Based Continuing Care After Residential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Multicenter Study
Authors: Graser Yolanda , Stutz Sonja , Rösner Susanne , Moggi Franz , Soravia Leila M. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by extremely high rates of postresidential treatment relapse, and as such, continuing care to prevent relapse has become an important element in AUD treatment. In this regard, research has yielded heterogeneous evidence on telephone‐based (TEL) and text message–based (TEX) continuing care. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of TEL and TEX continuing care provided in different frequencies by psychotherapists for patients from residential treatments in mitigating the occurrence of posttreatment relapse in patients who completed a 12‐week abstinence‐oriented residential treatment program for AUD.MethodsA total of 240 patients from 2 residential treatment programs for AUD were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to high‐ (10 contacts) or low‐frequency (3 contacts) TEL, TEX (10 contacts) continuing care, or control group (1 contact) from discharge to 6‐month follow‐up. The TEL was intended to be supportive and consisted of several cognitive behavioral therapy components, whereas the TEX was based on behavioral self‐monitoring techniques and additional calls in case of relapse or as needed. Sociodemographic, clinical, and alcohol‐specific variables at residential treatment discharge and at 5‐month follow‐up were assessed through interviews and questionnaires.ResultsCompared with the control group, patients in the high‐frequency TEL were significantly more likely to be abstinent at 6‐month follow‐up and, in case of relapse, showed a tendency toward a longer time to first drink. Moreover, the high‐frequency TEL and TEX groups had significantly higher alcohol‐related self‐efficacy 6 months after residential treatment.ConclusionHigh‐frequency proactive telephone contact by psychotherapists known to the patient may help patients to surmount the vulnerable phase after residential treatment and, in case of relapse, might help patients stay connected to health services, which in turn prevents chronification and facilitates recovery from AUD.
The coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation theory for post‐operative nausea and vomiting following scoliosis surgery in children: a pilot study
Authors: Dounas George D. , Cundy Thomas P. , Smith Michael L. , Gent Roger , Antoniou Georgia , Sutherland Leanne M. , Cundy Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is often encountered following corrective scoliosis surgery in children, frequently attributed to high‐dose opiate administration. PONV is a frequent cause of prolonged hospital stay. Mechanisms related to transient partial duodenal compression by narrow angulation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta following scoliosis surgery are poorly understood and might be implicated in PONV. This study investigates relationships between biomechanical anatomic variations of the SMA and aorta, and its relationship with clinically significant PONV following scoliosis surgery in children.MethodsChildren undergoing elective spinal arthrodesis for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were assessed by preoperative abdominal ultrasound and spinal X‐ray prior to surgery. Post‐operative assessment of clinically significant PONV is compared to preoperative imaging and clinical variables.ResultsThirteen patients (11 female and two male), with a mean age of 14 years and 1 month were included. Five patients (38.5%) developed clinically significant PONV. A significant association was observed between the coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation and PONV (P = 0.035). Of the five patients who developed PONV, two had direct coronal angulation of the SMA, one had left angulation and two had right angulation. Patients with significant PONV had narrower aorto‐mesenteric distances which approached significance (P = 0.06). No other preoperative variable reached significance.ConclusionPatients with coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation preoperatively appear at greater risk of developing significant PONV following scoliosis surgery, independent of opiate requirements, prompting consideration of transient partial duodenal obstruction as an important factor in the mechanisms of PONV. A coronal aorto‐mesenteric orientation theory (CAMOT) is proposed to explain this biomechanical vascular ‘scissor’.
Traversing the food‐biodiversity nexus towards coexistence by manipulating social–ecological system parameters
Authors: Crespin Silvio J. , Simonetti Javier A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAgroecological landscapes have the potential to simultaneously meet food security and biodiversity conservation goals but are hindered by emerging biodiversity conflicts. Here, we opt to view the social–ecological factors that decrease biodiversity impacts or increase tolerance of biodiversity in agroecological landscapes as system parameters for their potential capacity to move a social–ecological system from states of conflict to alternative desired system states devoid of major losses for both food security and biodiversity, that is landscapes of coexistence. We discuss how reframing landscapes as social–ecological systems allows focusing on manageable components, or coexistence parameters, that explain biodiversity impacts and are hence capable of dampening conflicts. Approaches from the social, economic, or ecological sciences allow for the formulation of management strategies tailor‐made for each system, with a higher chance of success than one‐size‐fits‐all strategies. Conceptually recognizing coexistence parameters may enable easier assessment of a landscape's current state and identification of the required actions needed to transition towards a state of coexistence.
Host selection is not expressed for underground hosts in a pupal parasitoid
Authors: Okuyama Toshinori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHost–parasitoid dynamics is critically influenced by variability in parasitism risk among hosts, and the host preference of the parasitoid is one of the factors causing such variability. This study examined the host preferences of the pupal parasitoid Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) on pupae of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory. Dirhinus giffardii prefers large hosts and avoids hosts nearing eclosion when hosts are exposed to the parasitoid. This study reexamined the preferences when host pupae are in the soil (simulated by peat moss) because tephritid hosts, including B. dorsalis, pupate in the soil. Results showed that D. giffardii preferentially parasitized large hosts when hosts were exposed, but host size‐dependent parasitism was absent when hosts were in the soil. Preference on host age was absent even when hosts were exposed, contradicting the results of previous studies. The discrepancy was examined by performing a follow‐up experiment to test the hypothesis that D. giffardii cannot distinguish host age, but eggs that are laid on older hosts cannot develop successfully. The parasitoid successfully hatched regardless of host age, and the hypothesis was rejected. Potential explanations for the discrepancy are discussed.
Comparing the motivational value of rewards and losses in an EEG‐pupillometry study
Authors: Carsten Thomas , Kostandyan Mariam , Boehler C. Nico , Krebs Ruth M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe found earlier that performance‐contingent rewards lead to faster performance than equivalent losses [Carsten, Hoofs, Boehler, & Krebs, 2019. Motivation Science, 5(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000117]. Here, we further tested the hypothesis that motivation to gain rewards is higher than to avoid losses, even when incentive values are matched. As implicit markers of motivation, we assessed electroencephalography (EEG) focusing on the P3 after target and feedback onset, and the Feedback‐Related Negativity (FRN), as well as simultaneously recorded pupil size. Comparing only reward and loss prospect trials in Experiment 1, we found no consistent differences in behavior and electrophysiological markers of motivation, although pupil data suggested higher arousal after feedback in potential‐loss trials. Including additional no‐incentive trials in Experiment 2, we found consistent evidence that motivation to gain rewards was higher than to avoid losses: In line with behavior, the target‐P3 was most pronounced for reward‐related stimuli, followed by loss and no‐incentive ones. This same ranking was found in the P3 and the FRN after positive outcomes (i.e., reward, avoided loss, and correct feedback in no‐incentive trials). Negative outcomes featured a different pattern in line with the pupil response, which suggests that losses are emotionally salient events, without invigorating behavior proportionally. In sum, these findings suggest that the motivation to gain rewards is more pronounced than motivation to avoid equivalent losses, at least in tasks promoting transient increases in attention triggered by incentive prospect. These motivational differences may arise as avoided losses are not profitable in the long term, in contrast to gained rewards.
Atypical thymoma in a horse: Diagnostic approach and application of an alternative histological classification system
Authors: Pudert T. , Weyrich A. , Geburek F. , Herden C. , Röcken M. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThymoma is a rare condition in horses. This case of a 24‐year‐old Warmblood gelding that was presented with oedema and signs of vascular congestion of the left forelimb caused by a thoracic mass is described. The diagnostic work‐up included blood chemistry, cytology of pleural effusion, ultrasonography, radiography and the visualisation and collection of a tissue sample by thoracoscopy. Finally, post‐mortem findings and histopathology revealed thymic epithelial neoplasia with histomorphologic features previously unreported in horses. The unique mixture of spindle‐shaped and epithelioid tumour cells in combination with clear features of malignancy suggested the application of the Moran and Suster histological classification system for thymomas in humans (Moran and Suster, 2008,Curr. Treat. Options Oncol., 9, 288), which has not been reported in an equine case before and fits well to the present case.
Masticatory ability in older individuals: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Elgestad Stjernfeldt Per , Faxén‐Irving Gerd , Wårdh Inger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo explore older individuals’ experienced masticatory ability and the impact of masticatory ability in daily life.Material and methodsThis study applied an open‐ended exploratory approach using inductive reasoning. The design was inspired by the qualitative method grounded theory. The final sample consisted of twelve older participants. Seven were men, and five were women. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. The interviewer successively read the transcribed data and analysed the material in cooperation with the authors.ResultsThree categories developed from the data; Deteriorating oral health and functional loss, Eating habits, Prosthetic rehabilitation and function. A core category named Adaptation emerged. Adaptation describes how individuals successfully could adapt to a decreased function and in spite of this develop a positive view of their masticatory ability.DiscussionThe participants described an experience of gradually deteriorating oral function that had affected their masticatory ability. By adapting to this functional degradation, some of the participants overcame the functional deficiencies. Most participants perceived their masticatory ability to be good, even though their ability to process some food types was described as inadequate.ConclusionThe participants had experienced deteriorating oral health and function throughout life, and they overcame this through adaptation by adjusting their eating habits. Even though prosthetic treatment might be considered successful by the participant, this does not necessarily improve dietary habits. Future research should therefore focus on how dental treatment can be combined with other interventions, such as dietary counselling and physiotherapy to recover physiological function.
Happy neighborhoods: Investigating neighborhood conditions and sentiments of a shrinking city with Twitter data
Authors: Park Yunmi , Kim Minju , Seong Kijin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlanning interventions have been applied to improve the well‐being, hereafter happiness, of residents. The happiness in shrinking cities, in particular, becomes more critical since urban decline tends to induce an unequal and uneven distribution of care under a limited budget and human resources. Using geo‐tagged Twitter, census, and geospatial data on Detroit, Michigan, which is one of the well‐known shrinking cities in the U.S., the spatial distribution of sentiments, topics of tweets appeared, and the association between neighborhood conditions and the level of happiness were examined. The outcomes indicate that people in Detroit are posting happy tweets more than negative tweets. The downtown area holds both positive and negative hotspots, which are clustered around sports arenas and bars, respectively. Neighborhoods with young and well‐educated residents, situated close to amenities (i.e., recreation facilities, colleges, and commercial areas), and less crime tend to be happier. The use of SNS data could serve as a meaningful social listening tool to reconcile the declining urban vitality of neighborhoods since people interact with those spaces. Negative sentiments are attached to specific neighborhoods with certain conditions so that regeneration efforts should take place in neighborhoods with a higher priority.
β‐Hemoglobinopathies in the Lao People's Democratic Republic: Molecular diagnostics and implication for a prevention and control program
Authors: Singha Kritsada , Chaibunruang Attawut , Souvanlasy Bounpalisone , Srivorakun Hataichanok , Yamsri Supawadee , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Fucharoen Supan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionA high frequency of β‐thalassemia in Lao People's Democratic Republic necessitates the importance of complete molecular data before a prevention and control program could be established. Limited data are available for Lao PDR. We have now reported an extended information on the molecular basis of β‐hemoglobinopathies in this population.MethodsThe study was done on 519 unrelated Laos subjects requested for thalassemia investigation. Hematological data were recorded. Hb profiles were obtained using a capillary electrophoresis system. α‐And β‐globin genotyping was performed using PCR and related techniques.ResultsAmong the 519 subjects, 287 (55.3%) were found to carry β‐hemoglobinopathies based on Hb and DNA analyses. These included Hb E carriers (n = 135), homozygous Hb E (n = 47), β‐thalassemia carriers (n = 70), Hb E‐β‐thalassemia (n = 25), homozygous β‐thalassemia (n = 4), heterozygous δβ0‐thalassemia (n = 2), and carriers of the β‐Hb variant (n = 3). Mutation analysis identified in addition to the Hb E, 8 different β‐thalassemia mutations including codon 17 (A‐T), codons 41/42 (‐TTCT), NT‐28 (A‐G), codons 71/72 (+A), IVS1‐1 (G‐T), 3.4 kb deletion, an initiation codon (T‐G) and IVS2‐654 (C‐T). Two δβ0‐thalassemia carriers (12.6 kb deletion) and three subjects with Hb Hope (β136GGT‐GAT) were identified. Hematological features associated with these β‐hemoglobinopathies were presented.Conclusionβ‐hemoglobinopathies in the Laos population is heterogeneous. This information is relevant for setting up a molecular diagnostics and can provide a basis for genetic counseling and enable prenatal diagnosis.
It’s time to think about circadian rhythms
Authors: Milling Simon 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe here introduce a Review Series focussing on the important influences circadian rhythms have on immune responses. The three reviews in this series, expertly curated by Rachel Edgar, discuss how the cyclic oscillations in our cellular clock affect the innate and adaptive immune response, and how interactions with the intestinal microbiota, themselves subject to daily oscillations, also influence immune responses. As we understand more about these mechanisms, by which chronobiology contributes to immunology, it is becoming increasingly clear that they have important functions in maintaining health, influence autoimmunity and may contribute to the effectiveness of vaccinations.
Indigenous Peoples of Indo‐Myanmar
Authors: Longkumer Atola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawing from the Indigenous Christian communities of the Indo‐Myanmar region of India, this article discusses the theme of reconciliation as a mission paradigm. Sketching some cultural contours of communities to illustrate the role of the historical encounter and experience of Christian mission in consolidating modern ethnic identity, the paper points out some vestiges of the culture. Despite the embrace of Christianity and the immense changes to the communities initiated, observation reveals practices of contradictions, latent tensions, resistance to the “other,” and sporadic conflicts. The paper therefore argues that the historical experience of reconciliation among the different Indigenous groups needs to continue in constructing an inclusive society of Indigenous Christians. The article discusses including women and other excluded members, overcoming cultural practices, and transforming resistance to the “other” as markers of inclusive community. In developing the argument from a local context, it reiterates the centrality of reconciliation and inclusive community in the experience of Christian mission. To be disciples of Christ is to belong together, and belonging together requires “mutual enfolding” to a new social kinship – the kingdom of God. In conclusion, some recommendations for a mission of reconciliation from Indigenous Christian communities are listed in the hope that reconciliation as mission is sustained by a vision of a healed and just world.
Mission for/as Reconciliatory Emancipation
Authors: Samuel Joshua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince Christian mission in the way of Jesus Christ is best understood and experienced in the fringes of the society, it is imperative that we listen to and learn from marginalized voices. Keeping this in mind, this article looks at the relevance of the theology of mission of the Dalit theologian and activist Masilamani Azariah, who served as a Bishop of the Church of South India in the 1990s. It seeks to highlight his pioneering work, which was discomforting for some dominant caste Indian Christians, in challenging the Indian church as well as the global ecumenical movement to speak up and act against untouchability and caste discrimination. Using Azariah's radical perspectives of mission as a lens, and employing the framework of reconciliatory emancipation, a theological concept explicated by the American political theologian Mark Taylor, this essay proposes that the mission of the church that endeavours to be holistic and Christ‐centred would and should be committed to the empowerment and healing of the oppressed, driven by a burning prophetic rage against injustice, even while retaining the space for forgiveness and repentance, with the ultimate goal of building the kingdom of God that transcends divisive and discriminating boundaries.
Charles F. Mackenzie and Early Colonial Racism
Authors: Carleton Houston Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArchdeacon Charles F. Mackenzie ministered in the diocese of Natal in South Africa from 1855 to 1859. The early days of the diocese and the colony of Natal were characterized by conflict both inside and outside the church. The church conflict of Bishop John Colenso is perhaps most infamous. Mackenzie attempted to navigate this space and minister to settlers, soldiers, and Africans alike. This article draws on primary sources to explore the life and times of Mackenzie and argues that despite Mackenzie's remarkable story, the inseparability of coloniality from the missionary endeavour, racism, and the civilizing narrative was inescapable. Racism has evolved and is still a challenge for many churches.