bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Tone of Risk Disclosures in MD&As Relevant to Debt Markets? Evidence from the Pricing of Credit Default Swaps*
Authors: Wang Ke 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper examines whether the tone of corporate textual disclosures related to risk and uncertainty conveys relevant information to the credit default swap (CDS) market. Prior studies largely focus on the amount of risk disclosures and provide inconclusive evidence on the usefulness of risk disclosures for investors in assessing firm risk. Using a large sample of textual risk disclosures in the Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section of 10‐K and 10‐Q filings, I predict and find that the change in CDS spreads over the three‐day window surrounding the 10‐K/Q filing date is positively associated with the pessimism of the language used in the risk disclosures. I conduct several analyses to show that the effect of the tone of risk disclosures is distinguishable from that of the amount of such disclosures. Cross‐sectional analyses reveal that the CDS market reaction to the tone of MD&A risk disclosures is more pronounced for reference entities closer to default, consistent with creditors' particular concern about downside risk. Further, the CDS market reacts more significantly to the tone of MD&A risk disclosures for reference entities with a weaker information environment. Overall, these results support the view that the tone of textual risk disclosures in MD&As has information content for investors in the CDS market in particular and debt markets in general. My findings improve the understanding of textual risk disclosures by showing that the tone and the amount of such disclosures have different implications for debt market investors' risk perceptions.
Scenarios for valuing sample information in natural resources
Authors: Williams Byron K. , Brown Eleanor D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in natural resource systems, science and management. Sample data are obtained in order to reduce uncertainty, thereby increasing knowledge and improving resource management, but sampling always comes at a cost of some sort. Is that cost worthwhile? Analysis of the value of sample information (VSI) addresses this question.

In this paper we develop the valuation of sample information in terms of five elements: (a) a system whose attributes are the focus of analysis; (b) a range of management actions that affect the system's status; (c) uncertainty about system status or structure, as characterized by initial (prior) probabilities of possible system states or structures; (d) an experiment or other information source that produces new data points and updated (posterior) probabilities; and (e) a value measure that is a function of the management action taken, conditional on either the system state or structure.

We describe five scenarios for analysing the VSI under uncertainty about system structure and state. Scenarios 1–3 comprise analyses of conditional, expected and optimal expected values of sample information. They focus primarily on choice of management adaptations with new information. Scenarios 4 and 5 involve pre‐selected management actions, and are useful for comparing designs of data collection rather than for choosing a management action. These last scenarios expand the framework for VSI to include actions that have been selected independently of the updating of uncertainty.

We discuss other extensions of VSI analysis, which include spatial applications, hybrid scenarios, applications involving dynamic systems, and a focus on costs rather than net benefits.

Value of sample information analysis holds promise in emerging areas of ecology such as ecological forecasting and the use of remote sensing in conservation, where potential new data from models and satellites can be evaluated in advance, thereby allowing more efficient prioritization of scientific efforts. More generally, VSI can contribute to better ecological understanding and more effective management in a wide range of ecological situations.
Phosphatidylethanol Reliably and Objectively Quantifies Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Röhricht Milan , Paschke Kerstin , Sack Peter‐Michael , Weinmann Wolfgang , Thomasius Rainer , Wurst Friedrich Martin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlcohol contributes to numerous annual deaths and various societal problems not just in adult, but also in adolescent, populations. Therefore, it is vital to find methods for reliably detecting alcohol use for early preventative measures. Research has shown phosphatidylethanol (PEth) to be superior to self‐report instruments and indirect biomarkers for alcohol consumption in adult populations. However, the transferability onto an adolescent population has not yet been investigated.MethodsN = 106 adolescents and young adults aged between 13 and 21 years were included. PEth analysis using high‐pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was performed on dried blood spot samples. Self‐report questionnaires for alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption, AUDIT‐C, and Timeline Followback, TLFB) and drug and alcohol consumption (Detection of Alcohol and Drug Problems in Adolescents, DEP‐ADO) were completed by each participant.ResultsAUDIT‐C scores showed large correlations with PEth 16:0/18:1 (rs = 0.732) and PEth 16:0/18:2 (rs = 0.661) concentrations. AUDIT‐C with a cutoff value ≥3 was largely correlated with PEth 16:0/18:1 (η = 0.411) and showed a medium‐sized correlation with PEth 16:0/18:2 (η = 0.397) concentrations. Using an AUDIT‐C cutoff value ≥5 showed large correlations with both PEth 16:0/18:1 (η = 0.510) and PEth 16:0/18:2 (η = 0.497) concentrations, respectively. ROC curves indicated higher PEth concentrations are a good model for detecting positive AUDIT‐C cutoff values (AUROC range: 0.800 to 0.849). PEth concentrations showed medium to large correlations with DEP‐ADO and TLFB subscales (range rs = 0.469 to 0.746).ConclusionThe results suggest that PEth is a reliable and objective marker for quantifying alcohol consumption in adolescents and young adults. This could be of importance for early preventative measures against hazardous alcohol consumption, which is increasingly common at younger ages.
Proteomic Profiling Reveals Roles of Stress Response, Ca2+ Transient Dysregulation, and Novel Signaling Pathways in Alcohol‐Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Liu Rui , Sun Fangxu , Forghani Parvin , Armand Lawrence C. , Rampoldi Antonio , Li Dong , Wu Ronghu , Xu Chunhui 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAlcohol use in pregnancy increases the risk of abnormal cardiac development, and excessive alcohol consumption in adults can induce cardiomyopathy, contractile dysfunction, and arrhythmias. Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced cardiac toxicity could provide guidance in the development of therapeutic strategies.MethodsWe have performed proteomic and bioinformatic analysis to examine protein alterations globally and quantitatively in cardiomyocytes derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC‐CMs) treated with ethanol (EtOH). Proteins in both cell lysates and extracellular culture media were systematically quantitated.ResultsTreatment with EtOH caused severe detrimental effects on hiPSC‐CMs as indicated by significant cell death and deranged Ca2+ handling. Treatment of hiPSC‐CMs with EtOH significantly affected proteins responsible for stress response (e.g., GPX1 and HSPs), ion channel‐related proteins (e.g. ATP1A2), myofibril structure proteins (e.g., MYL2/3), and those involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix (e.g., ILK and PXN). Proteins involved in the TNF receptor‐associated factor 2 signaling (e.g., CPNE1 and TNIK) were also affected by EtOH treatment.ConclusionsThe observed changes in protein expression highlight the involvement of oxidative stress and dysregulation of Ca2+ handling and contraction while also implicating potential novel targets in alcohol‐induced cardiotoxicity. These findings facilitate further exploration of potential mechanisms, discovery of novel biomarkers, and development of targeted therapeutics against EtOH‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Pairs trading and idiosyncratic cash flow risk
Authors: Do Binh , Faff Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe uncover idiosyncratic cash flow risk as a dominant driver for pairs trading performance. The convergence probability and pairs payoff are negatively associated with pairwise idiosyncratic cash flow volatility. Further, pairs portfolio returns load negatively on market‐wide idiosyncratic cash flow volatility. This latter time‐series evidence helps explain a substantial part of the decline in pairs trading profitability in the US equity market since the 1990s. Our results are consistent with idiosyncratic risk representing a major holding cost for arbitrageurs when substitutes are close but imperfect.
Practice makes perfect? The effect of CEO and director experience on acquisition performance
Authors: Jeganathan Davina , Ghannam Samir , Bugeja Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study replicates and extends the results of Field and Mkrtchyan, who find that independent directors’ prior acquisition experience improves succeeding acquisition performance. First, using both the original and an extended sample period, we confirm their findings. Second, we extend their study by considering the effect of prior acquisition experience gained by the CEO as an executive or independent director. Similar to the effect documented for independent directors, we find that CEOs’ acquisition experience is positively associated with subsequent acquisition performance. Consistent with CEO learning, we document a greater effect on subsequent takeover performance when acquisition experience is negative.
The primacy of ethics in the provision of financial advice
Authors: Bruhn Aaron , Asher Anthony 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost people need professional advice to navigate complex financial markets. However, information asymmetry between adviser and client makes the assessment of advice difficult, and is exacerbated when providers are motivated by self‐interest. This undermines the effectiveness of the financial system. New regulations aim to mitigate such issues, prohibiting some conflicts of interest and imposing educational requirements and a code of ethics for financial advisers practising in Australia. An Australian case study highlights the main ethical issues and suggests that the lens of virtue ethics can assist the development of more appropriate financial advice, and inform further regulatory developments.
Influence of access cavity design on fracture strength of endodontically treated lower molars
Authors: Maske Aline , Weschenfelder Vanessa Mallmann , Soares Grecca Vilella Fabiana , Burnett Junior Luiz Henrique , de Melo Tiago André Fontoura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo assess whether access cavity design influences the fracture strength of endodontically treated and restored molars. Fifty human lower molars with standard crown dimensions were selected and assigned to the following groups: S – positive control (healthy tooth), ET – negative control (conventional endodontic access (CEA) and no restoration), NI – negative control (minimally invasive endodontic access (MEA) and no restoration), ETR (CEA + restoration with Bulkfill flow) and NIR (MEA + restoration with Bulkfill flow). The specimens were subjected to a compression test. The teeth were inspected for the site of fracture: either pulp floor or cusp. ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test (α = 5%), was used for statistical analysis. The type of access cavity preparation did not increase the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth. Even with the restoration, all teeth with endodontic access performed had a higher incidence of fractures at the pulp chamber floor level.
Demographic consequences of habitat loss and crowding in large carnivores: A natural experiment
Authors: Kotze Robynne , Marshal Jason P. , Winterbach Christiaan W. , Winterbach Hanlie E.K. , Keith Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHabitat loss is one of largest threats to the persistence of large carnivore populations. However, because most large carnivores are long‐lived, cryptic and wide‐ranging, few studies examine the demographic consequences of habitat loss, and the resultant crowding that ensues, on these species. We used long‐term data to examine the demographic responses of an African lion (Panthera leo) population to flooding‐induced habitat loss in a seasonal wetland, the Okavango Delta, during a transition from low to high annual flooding patterns. We found that intraspecific competition reduced cub survival and that this effect was exacerbated by habitat loss and consequent crowding. The proportion of cubs recorded in the population also declined as crowding increased, and both the survival of cubs and proportion of cubs recorded declined as prey abundance decreased. Apparent sub‐adult survival declined with increasing pride size, but this likely reflects emigration rather than mortality. Adult survival remained relatively constant throughout the study period, a population response which is important in buffering populations against short‐term fluctuations in ecological conditions. As many large carnivore populations face future habitat loss, it is important that we understand the demographic consequences of habitat loss in order to better mitigate its effects in the future.
Recurrent post‐coital bleeding: Should colposcopy still be mandatory?
Authors: Tan Jeffrey H.J. , Jayasinghe Yasmin L. , Osinski Margot J. , Brotherton Julia M.L. , Wrede C. David H. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundColposcopy has been recommended for all women with recurrent post‐coital bleeding (PCB) even if their cervical cytology or co‐test (involving oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and cytology) are negative.AimsTo determine the risk of cervical cancer and its precursors among women with recurrent PCB with negative cytology or co‐test.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of two cohorts of women with PCB referred to a tertiary colposcopy clinic. Cohort (1) (n = 1846) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016 (cytology‐based screening) and Cohort (2) (n = 215) from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019 after introduction of primary HPV screening.ResultsIn 1217 (65.9%) women in Cohort (1) referred with negative cytology, there was one cancer (0.08%) and 22 high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3)) on histopathology. In Cohort (2), there was no cancer or HSIL in 83 women with negative co‐tests (negative for oncogenic HPV and cytology). False‐negative cytology after a negative referral cytology or co‐test was low with 2% of repeat cytology at initial colposcopy showing possible HSIL or worse.ConclusionsWomen presenting with PCB and negative cytology alone have a low risk of cancer and could have HPV testing before being triaged to colposcopy. We showed that with the assurance of a negative co‐test and the low likelihood of false‐negative cytology, these women could avoid colposcopy unless cervical cancer is clinically suspected. There is a need for a larger cohort study to substantiate our findings with more precision.
Conventional landmark palpation vs. preprocedural ultrasound for neuraxial analgesia and anaesthesia in obstetrics – a systematic review and meta‐analysis with trial sequential analyses
Authors: Young B. , Onwochei D. , Desai N. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine the efficacy, time taken and the safety of neuraxial blockade performed for obstetric patients with the assistance of preprocedural ultrasound, in comparison with the landmark palpation method. The bibliographic databases Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Global Health, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from inception to 13 February 2020 for randomised controlled trials that included pregnant women having neuraxial procedures with preprocedural ultrasound as the intervention and conventional landmark palpation as the comparator. For continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively, we calculated the mean difference using the inverse‐variance method and the risk ratio with the Mantel–Haenszel method. In all, 22 trials with 2462 patients were included. Confirmed by trial sequential analysis, preprocedural ultrasound increased the first‐pass success rate by a risk ratio (95%CI) of 1.46 (1.16–1.82), p = 0.001 in 13 trials with 1253 patients. No evidence of a difference was found in the total time taken between preprocedural ultrasound and landmark palpation, with a mean difference (95%CI) of 50.1 (−13.7 to 113.94) s, p = 0.12 in eight trials with 709 patients. The quality of evidence was graded as low and very low, respectively, for these co‐primary outcomes. Sub‐group analysis underlined the increased benefit of preprocedural ultrasound for those in whom the neuraxial procedure was predicted to be difficult. Complications, including postpartum back pain and headache, were decreased with preprocedural ultrasound. The adoption of preprocedural ultrasound for neuraxial procedures in obstetrics is recommended and, in the opinion of the authors, should be considered as a standard of care, in view of its potential to increase efficacy and reduce complications without significant prolongation of the total time required.
Is the left bundle branch pacing a choice to conquer the right bundle branch block?—A case report
Authors: Chu Song‐Yun , Sheng Qin‐Hui , Chen Er‐Dong , Jin Han , Jiang Jie , Wang Yu‐Ling , He Peng‐Kang , Zhou Jing , Ding Yan‐Sheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn patients with preserved ejection fraction or right bundle branch block (RBBB) pattern requiring a high percentage of ventricular pacing, His‐bundle pacing (HBP) might be an alternative to biventricular pacing, although the high threshold occasionally occurs. We provided a case of the intrinsic RBBB correction by capturing intra‐Hisian left bundle branch (LBB) or distal His‐bundle with different output settings. LBB pacing had the advantage of a much lower threshold while remained most synchrony as HBP. LBB pacing might be a promisingly safe and effective procedure for patients with high‐grade atrioventricular (AV) block and RBBB pattern.
Crazy Rich Chinese? A Mixed‐Methods Examination of Perceived Stereotypes and Associated Psychosocial Adaptation Challenges among Chinese International Students in the United States
Authors: Xie Mingjun , Qin Desiree B. , Liu Shizhu , Duan Yemo , Sato Mikiko , Tseng Chi‐Fang 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPrior research observes associations between race‐based stressors (e.g. stereotypes) and the compromised psychological and sociocultural adaptation of international students.MethodsUsing an explanatory sequential mixed‐methods design (196 survey responses and 51 in‐depth interviews), this study examined stereotypes perceived by Chinese students arriving on US college campuses after 2010, their interpretations of the new stereotypes, and the associated psychosocial adaptation challenges they had to navigate.ResultsOur findings suggested multiple dimensions of the stereotypes this recent wave of Chinese students perceived from their American peers, including stereotypes pertinent to their financial background (frequency effect sizes = 37.6% and 51% for quantitative and qualitative results, respectively), academic abilities (20.1% and 13.7%), personality characteristics (16.5% and 19.6%), and social attitudes and behaviors (12.9% and 9.8%). Further, this study observed that the new, prevalent stereotypes (e.g. being wealthy) might foster intergroup tension and pit Chinese students against their American peers and that some Chinese students experienced psychological issues (e.g. lower levels of collective self‐esteem and feelings of shame) due to the stereotypes of wealth‐flaunting Chinese students.ConclusionsThis study contributes uniquely to the literature by unpacking the new stereotypes using a mixed‐methods design and points to important practical implications for university services.
Disturbance in the oropharyngeal microbiota in relation to antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor medication and length of hospital stay
Authors: Tranberg Anna , Samuelsson Carolina , Klarin Bengt 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of a disturbed oropharyngeal microbiota during hospitalization and explore the patient characteristics that maybe associated with such a disturbance. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 134 patients at hospital admission and every 3–4 days thereafter. The samples were cultivated to determine the presence of a disturbed microbiota, which, in turn, was subcategorized into respiratory tract pathogens, gut microbiota and yeast species. Demographics, medical history data and hospitalization events were compared. The percentage of disturbed oropharyngeal microbiota increased significantly with length of stay (LOS). Receiving antibiotic treatment during the hospitalization tended to be associated with a disturbed microbiota (OR 2.75 [0.99–7.60]). Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication and receiving antibiotics before hospitalization were associated with the development of a disturbed oropharyngeal microbiota with colonization of gut pathogens (OR 3.49 [1.19–10.2] and OR 4.52 [1.13–18.1], respectively), while acute hospital admission was associated with a lower risk of colonization of gut pathogens (OR: 0.23 [0.074–0.72]). The risk of developing a disturbed oropharyngeal microbiota increased with LOS in hospitalized patients. PPI medication and receiving antibiotics before hospitalization were independent risk factors for developing oropharyngeal colonization of gut pathogens.
Laparoscopic identification of combined pediatric femoral hernia and ruptured abdominal cyst of the canal of Nuck: A report of an extremely rare case
Authors: Fukahori Suguru , Sakamoto Saki , Hashizume Naoki , Masui Daisuke , Higasidate Naruki , Tsuruhisa Shiori , Nakahara Hirotomo , Koga Yoshinori , Saikusa Nobuyuki , Ishii Shinji , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Yagi Minoru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 7‐year‐old girl was referred to our hospital with a suspected right‐sided indirect inguinal hernia. An egg‐sized elastic, non‐painful mass was palpated in the right inguinal region. Preoperative CT demonstrated a 30‐mm simple cystic mass in the right internal inguinal canal, which we diagnosed as an abdominal cyst of the canal of Nuck. Laparoscopy revealed that the abdominal cystic component was ruptured, so we performed Pott's procedure. However, the patient's right groin swelled on postoperative day 3, necessitating re‐operation. The patient's symptoms recurred again after 3 months, despite having had two surgical repairs. In the third operation, a right‐sided femoral hernia was confirmed and repaired via external and laparoscopic approaches. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on the combination of femoral hernia and cyst of the canal of Nuck in children. A laparoscopic approach was useful for obtaining a definitive diagnosis and conducting a safe and secure surgical repair.