bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines: Occurrence, biosynthesis, functionality, and influence of winemaking processes
Authors: Li Zizhan , Howell Kate , Fang Zhongxiang , Zhang Pangzhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrapes are an important global horticultural product, and are mainly used for winemaking. Typically, grapes and wines are rich in various phytochemicals, including phenolics, terpenes, pyrazines, and benzenoids, with different compounds responsible for different nutritional and sensory properties. Among these compounds, sesquiterpenes, a subcategory of the terpenes, are attracting increasing interest as they affect aroma and have potential health benefits. The characteristics of sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines in terms of classification, biosynthesis pathway, and active functions have not been extensively reviewed. This paper summarizes 97 different sesquiterpenes reported in grapes and wines and reviews their biosynthesis pathways and relevant bio‐regulation mechanisms. This review further discusses the functionalities of these sesquiterpenes including their aroma contribution to grapes and wines and potential health benefits, as well as how winemaking processes affect sesquiterpene concentrations.
Esomeprazole vs pantoprazole effects on cyclosporine levels in kidney transplantation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: El‐Bohy Doaa , El Sharkawy Magdy , Abo‐Elazm Soheir , Shahin Sara , Bchari Waleed , Mancy Azza , El Hamamsy Manal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRenal allograft survival requires multiple immunosuppressive drugs. This strategy may lead to gastric complications that necessitate gastro‐protective medications, notably, proton pump inhibitors (PPI). This study aimed to compare the influence of pantoprazole and esomeprazole on serum cyclosporine trough levels (C0) in renal transplant recipients (RTR). A prospective, parallel, open‐label trial was conducted on 47 adult RTR receiving cyclosporine doses adjusted to attain trough concentrations of 100 to 150 μg/L, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 750 mg q12 hour and prednisolone at 5 mg daily at Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt from January to September 2016. Patients were randomized into the esomeprazole group (25) or pantoprazole group (22) receiving the same dose (40 mg once daily). The study outcomes included clinical signs of rejection and renal function decline, assessed by elevations in serum creatinine, caused by cyclosporine level variations in either of the two study groups. Renal function, C0 and CBC measurements were measured at baseline and monthly for 6 months. The mean C0 values were higher in the pantoprazole group than in the esomeprazole group in the sixth month only (P = .007). Serum creatinine level was lower in the sixth month than at baseline in the esomeprazole group (P = .004). There were no signs of rejection biochemical or clinical in any of the study groups. In conclusion, PPIs should be used with caution and doses should be titrated to reach the C0 targets in RTR, which is of more importance in pantoprazole than esomeprazole to avoid C0 level elevation or decline affecting the allograft function.
A novel mutation combining with rs66612022 in a Chinese pedigree suggests a new pathogenesis to osteogenesis imperfecta via whole genome sequencing
Authors: Li Yanjiao , Liang Hongsuo , Yuan Dekai , Liu Baoling , Liu Ling , Zhang Yongfa , Hou Kaiyu , Zhang Yunchao , Chen Bin , Ding Jing , Li Yunxia , Wang Qilin , Wu Haiying , Shi Hong , Hu Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare heritable disease with systemic connective tissue disorder. Most of the patients represent autosomal dominant form of OI, and are usually resulting from the mutations in type I collagen genes. However, the gene mutations reported previously only account for ∼70% of the OI cases. Here, in a Chinese OI family, we examined seven patients and nine normal individuals using the whole genome sequencing and molecular genetic analysis. The mutation of rs66612022 (COL1A2:p.Gly328Ser) related to glycine substitution was found in the seven patients. Moreover, we identified a novel missense mutation (HMMR:p.Glu2Gln). Interestingly, the individuals of this family with both the mutations were suffering from OI, while the others carried one or none of them are normal. The mutations of COL1A2 and HMMR and their combined effect on OI would further expand the genetic spectrum of OI.
Recent advances in the genetics of preterm birth
Authors: Wadon Megan , Modi Neena , Wong Hilary S. , Thapar Anita , O'Donovan Michael C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreterm birth is associated with short‐ and long‐term impairments affecting physical, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric health. These sequelae, together with a rising preterm birth rate and increased survival, make prematurity a growing public health issue because of the increased number of individuals with impaired health throughout the life span. Although a major contribution to preterm birth comes from environmental factors, it is also modestly heritable. Little is known about the architecture of this genetic contribution. Studies of common and of rare genetic variation have had limited power, but recent findings implicate variation in both the maternal and fetal genome. There is some evidence risk alleles in mothers may be enriched for processes related to immunity and inflammation, and in the preterm infant, processes related to brain development. Overall genomic discoveries for preterm birth lag behind progress for many other multifactorial diseases and traits. Investigations focusing on gene–environment interactions may also provide insights, but these studies still have a number of limitations. Adequately sized genetic studies of preterm birth are a priority for the future especially given the breadth of its negative health impacts across the life span and the current interest in newborn genome sequencing.
Short‐term and long‐term outcomes of oesophagogastric surgery for cancer in obese and normal weight patients
Authors: Glatz Torben , Kulemann Birte , Kuvendjiska Jasmina , Fichtner‐Feigl Stefan , Hoeppner Jens 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundObesity is generally considered to be associated with worse surgical outcome and impaired oncological prognosis. The impact of pre‐therapeutic body mass index (BMI) in patients with oesophagogastric cancer on the surgical outcome is controversially discussed.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 730 patients who had undergone curative treatment for oesophagogastric cancer at the Medical Center of the University of Freiburg (1996–2015). Patients were divided in groups according to pre‐therapeutic BMI (underweight (UW): <18.5 kg/m2; normal weight (NW): 18.5–25 kg/m2; overweight (OW): 25–30 kg/m2; and obese (OB): >30 kg/m2).ResultsMedian BMI was 24.7 kg/m2. Forty‐two patients were UW, 337 NW, 263 OW and 84 OB. No significant differences between the groups (UW/NW/OW/OB) in operating time, hospital stay, perioperative complication rate and in‐hospital mortality were found. Pre‐therapeutic BMI was significantly associated with 5‐year survival (UW: 22%, NW: 37%, OW: 51%, OB: 50%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified UW/NW (BMI <25 kg/m2) as an independent risk factor for poor survival (relative risk 1.38, P = 0.001) among high American Society of Anesthesiologists score, old age, positive resection margin and high cancer stage according to the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC).ConclusionIn oesophagogastric cancer, OW and OB patients can be treated surgically without impaired perioperative outcome and expect improved long‐term survival compared to patients with a BMI <25 kg/m2.
Atypical glandular lesions of the cervix and risk of cervical cancer
Authors: Graue Renate , Lönnberg Stefan , Skare Gry B. , Sæther Solbjørg M. M. , Bjørge Tone 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionCytology screening has been effective in reducing risks for cervical squamous cell carcinoma but less so for adenocarcinoma. We explored the association of atypical glandular cells or absence of glandular cells in cytology, and subsequent histological diagnoses and cancer risk.Material and methodsAll women in Norway with atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS), adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS) and normal/benign cells, but absence of endocervical or metaplastic cells (NC‐NEC) in their first cytology during 1992‐2014 (NC‐NEC; 2005‐2014), recorded in the Cancer Registry of Norway, were included (n = 142 445). Histology diagnoses (stratified by age) within 1 and 3 years after cytology were examined. The Nelson‐Aalen cumulative hazard function for gynecological cancer risk was displayed.ResultsThe majority of AGUS and particularly ACIS were followed with histology within 1 and 3 years. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions were more common in women <35 than in women ≥35 years. Cervical adenocarcinoma followed 13% of ACIS after 1 and 3 years. After ACIS and AGUS, cervical adenocarcinoma was the most frequent cancer subtype. Cumulative risks of cervical adenocarcinoma following ACIS, AGUS and NC‐NEC were 3.5%, 0.9% and 0.05%, respectively, after 22, 22 and 9 years of follow‐up.ConclusionsThere was a high‐risk of glandular malignancies after AGUS and ACIS in cytology. If effective treatment of pre‐cancer and early cancer is available, cytology screening provides some level of prevention of adenocarcinoma. Lack of glandular cells did not entail a higher cancer risk.
Impact of renal impairment and human organic anion transporter inhibition on pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of relebactam combined with imipenem and cilastatin
Authors: Bhagunde Pratik , Colon‐Gonzalez Francheska , Liu Yang , Wu Jin , Xu Shiyao Sherrie , Garrett Graigory , Jumes Patricia , Lasseter Kenneth , Marbury Thomas , Rizk Matthew L. , Lala Mallika , Rhee Elizabeth G. , Butterton Joan R. , Boundy Keith 
Published: December 2019

AimsTwo phase 1, open‐label studies were conducted to investigate the effect of renal impairment (RI) and organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibition on pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of relebactam (REL) plus imipenem/cilastatin (IMI).MethodsStudy PN005 evaluated the PK of REL (125 mg) plus IMI (250 mg) in participants with RI vs healthy controls. Study PN019 evaluated the PK of REL (250 mg) and imipenem (500 mg; dosed as IMI) with/without probenecid (1 g; OAT inhibitor) in healthy adults.ResultsGeometric mean ratios (RI/healthy matched controls) of area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐∞; 90% confidence interval) for REL, imipenem and cilastatin increased as RI increased from mild (1.6 [1.1, 2.4], 1.4 [1.1, 1.8] and 1.6 [1.0, 2.5], respectively) to severe (4.9 [3.4, 7.0], 2.5 [1.9, 3.3] and 5.6 [3.6, 8.6], respectively). For all 3 analytes, plasma and renal clearance decreased and corresponding plasma apparent terminal half‐life increased with increasing RI. Geometric mean ratios ([probenecid+IMI/REL]/[IMI/REL]) of plasma exposure for REL and imipenem were 1.24 (1.19, 1.28) and 1.16 (1.13, 1.20), respectively. The dose fraction excreted (fe) in the urine decreased progressively from mild to severe RI. Probenecid reduced renal clearance of REL and imipenem by 25 and 31%, respectively. Compared with IMI/REL, coadministration of IMI/REL with probenecid yielded lower fe for REL and imipenem. In both studies, treatment was well tolerated; there were no serious adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events.ConclusionRI increased plasma exposure and similarly decreased clearance of REL, imipenem and cilastatin; IMI/REL dose adjustment (fixed‐ratio) will be required for patients with RI. Probenecid had no clinically meaningful impact on the PK of REL or imipenem.
A multilevel mixed effects varying coefficient model with multilevel predictors and random effects for modeling hospitalization risk in patients on dialysis
Authors: Li Yihao , Nguyen Danh V. , Kürüm Esra , Rhee Connie M. , Chen Yanjun , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Şentürk Damla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor patients on dialysis, hospitalizations remain a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity. We use data from a large national database, United States Renal Data System, to model time‐varying effects of hospitalization risk factors as functions of time since initiation of dialysis. To account for the three‐level hierarchical structure in the data where hospitalizations are nested in patients and patients are nested in dialysis facilities, we propose a multilevel mixed effects varying coefficient model (MME‐VCM) where multilevel (patient‐ and facility‐level) random effects are used to model the dependence structure of the data. The proposed MME‐VCM also includes multilevel covariates, where baseline demographics and comorbidities are among the patient‐level factors, and staffing composition and facility size are among the facility‐level risk factors. To address the challenge of high‐dimensional integrals due to the hierarchical structure of the random effects, we propose a novel two‐step approximate EM algorithm based on the fully exponential Laplace approximation. Inference for the varying coefficient functions and variance components is achieved via derivation of the standard errors using score contributions. The finite sample performance of the proposed estimation procedure is studied through simulations.
Bimodal stimulation in children with inner ear malformation: One side cochlear implant and contralateral auditory brainstem implant
Authors: Batuk Merve Ozbal , Cinar Betul Cicek , Yarali Mehmet , Aslan Filiz , Ozkan Hilal Burcu , Sennaroglu Gonca , Yucel Esra , Bajin Munir Demir , Bilginer Burcak , Sennaroglu Levent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine audiological outcomes of children who use a cochlear implant (CI) in one ear and an auditory brainstem implant (ABI) in the contralateral ear.DesignRetrospective case review.SettingTertiary referral hospital.ParticipantsTwelve children followed with CI and contralateral auditory brainstem implant (ABI) by Hacettepe University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Audiology in Turkey. All children were diagnosed with different inner ear malformations with cochlear nerve aplasia/hypoplasia. CI was planned in the ear with better sound detection during behavioural testing with inserted ear phones and with better CN as seen on MRI. Due to the limited auditory and speech progress with the cochlear implant, ABI was performed on the contralateral ear in all subjects.Main outcome measuresAudiological performance and auditory perception skills of children with cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) who use bimodal electrical stimulation with CI and contralateral ABI.ResultsMean age of the subjects was 84.00 ± 33.94 months. Age at CI surgery and ABI surgery was 25.00 ± 10.98 months and 41.50 ± 16.14 months, respectively. However, hearing thresholds only with CI and only with ABI did not reveal significant difference, and auditory perception scores improved with bimodal stimulation. The MAIS scores were significantly improved from unilateral CI to bimodal stimulation (P = .002). Pattern perception and word recognition scores were significantly higher with the bimodal condition when compared to CI only and ABI only conditions.ConclusionChildren with CND showed better performance with CI and contralateral ABI combined. Depending on the audiological and radiological results, bimodal stimulation should be advised for children with CND.
Effects of bioenergy on biodiversity arising from land‐use change and crop type
Authors: Núñez‐Regueiro Mauricio M. , Siddiqui Sharmin F. , Fletcher Robert J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how the world's flora and fauna will respond to bioenergy expansion is critical. This issue is particularly pronounced considering bioenergy's potential role as a driver of land‐use change, the variety of production crops being considered and currently used for biomass, and the diversity of ecosystems that can potentially supply land for bioenergy across the planet. We conducted 2 global meta‐analyses to determine how 8 of the most commonly used bioenergy crops may affect site‐level biodiversity. One search was directed at finding data on biodiversity in different production land uses and the other at extracting energy‐yield estimates of potential bioenergy crops. We used linear mixed‐effect models to test whether effects on biodiversity varied with different individual bioenergy crop species, estimated energy yield, first‐ or second‐generation crops, type of reference ecosystem considered, and magnitude of vertical change in habitat structure between any given crop and the reference ecosystem. Species diversity and abundance were generally lower in crops considered for bioenergy relative to the natural ecosystems they may replace. First‐generation crops, derived from oils, sugars, and starches, tended to have greater effects than second‐generation crops, derived from lignocellulose, woody crops, or residues. Crop yield had nonlinear effects on abundance and, to a lesser extent, overall biodiversity; biodiversity effects were driven by negative yield effects for birds but not other taxa. Our results emphasize that replacing natural ecosystems with bioenergy crops across the planet will largely be detrimental for biodiversity, with first generation and high‐yield crops having the strongest negative effects. We argue that meeting energy goals with bioenergy using existing marginal lands or biomass extraction within existing production landscapes may provide more biodiversity‐friendly alternatives than conversion of natural ecosystems for biofuel production.
Useful indices of thrombogenesis in the exclusion of intra‐cardiac thrombus
Authors: Ibebuogu Uzoma N. , Schafer Joseph H. , Schwade Mark J. , Waller Jennifer L. , Sharma Gyanendra K. , Robinson Vincent J. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) can cause cardioembolic stroke, and effective clinical management is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the accepted standard to diagnose cardiogenic thromboemboli; however, a negative TEE does not eliminate the possibility of left atrial thrombus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of supplementing the TEE with additional noninvasive markers to ensure thrombus absence.MethodsA prospective study was conducted on 59 patients who underwent TEE for suspected intra‐cardiac thrombi. The TEE indications included acute ischemic stroke (45.7%) and AF or flutter (59.3%). D‐dimer level and white blood cell counts were assessed.ResultsA negative D‐dimer level (<200 ng/mL) excluded the presence of intra‐cardiac thrombi. Groups with either negative (n = 14) or positive (n = 45) D‐dimer levels had comparable clinical characteristics. Comparing positive D‐dimer–level patients with thrombus (n = 7) and without thrombus (n = 33), patients with thrombus had reduced left atrial appendage (LAA) velocity (P = .0024), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (P = .0263), increased neutrophil percent (P = .0261), decreased lymphocyte percent (P = .0216), and increased monocyte counts (P = .0220). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for thrombus diagnostics was larger for combinations of clinical and biochemical data than for each parameter individually.ConclusionsSupplementing the gold standard TEE with the analysis of LAA velocity, noninvasive LVEF, D‐dimer, and hemostatic markers provided additional useful diagnostic information. Larger studies are needed to further validate the efficacy of supplementing the TEE to better assess patients for intra‐cardiac thrombi.
Microbial carbon limitation: The need for integrating microorganisms into our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycling
Authors: Soong Jennifer L. , Fuchslueger Lucia , Marañon‐Jimenez Sara , Torn Margaret S. , Janssens Ivan A. , Penuelas Josep , Richter Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that fertilization with nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium increases plant productivity in both natural and managed ecosystems, demonstrating that primary productivity is nutrient limited in most terrestrial ecosystems. In contrast, it has been demonstrated that heterotrophic microbial communities in soil are primarily limited by organic carbon or energy. While this concept of contrasting limitations, that is, microbial carbon and plant nutrient limitation, is based on strong evidence that we review in this paper, it is often ignored in discussions of ecosystem response to global environment changes. The plant‐centric perspective has equated plant nutrient limitations with those of whole ecosystems, thereby ignoring the important role of the heterotrophs responsible for soil decomposition in driving ecosystem carbon storage. To truly integrate carbon and nutrient cycles in ecosystem science, we must account for the fact that while plant productivity may be nutrient limited, the secondary productivity by heterotrophic communities is inherently carbon limited. Ecosystem carbon cycling integrates the independent physiological responses of its individual components, as well as tightly coupled exchanges between autotrophs and heterotrophs. To the extent that the interacting autotrophic and heterotrophic processes are controlled by organisms that are limited by nutrient versus carbon accessibility, respectively, we propose that ecosystems by definition cannot be ‘limited’ by nutrients or carbon alone. Here, we outline how models aimed at predicting non‐steady state ecosystem responses over time can benefit from dissecting ecosystems into the organismal components and their inherent limitations to better represent plant–microbe interactions in coupled carbon and nutrient models.
Prevalence of dental caries in preschool children born preterm and/or with low birth weight: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of prevalence data
Authors: Occhi‐Alexandre Ingrid Gomes Perez , Cruz Poliana Valdelice , Bendo Cristiane Baccin , Paiva Saul Martins , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Martins Carolina Castro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries among preschool children who had been born preterm and/or with low birth weight (LBW) compared with those who had been born full term and/or with normal birth weight (NBW). Eight electronic databases were searched from interception up to November 2018 with no restrictions imposed regarding the date of publication or language. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was run to pool the crude prevalence of dental caries according to gestational age and birth weight. We performed a narrative synthesis and assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Fifty‐nine observational studies were included (55 in the meta‐analysis). The prevalence of dental caries was 39% among preterm children, 30% among full‐term children, 40% among LBW children, and 33% among NBW children (I2:97%‐99%). The majority of studies reported that dental caries was not associated with gestational age or birth weight, with very low certainty of evidence. Preschool children born preterm or with LBW have similar dental caries experience as those born full term or with NBW, with very low certainty of evidence (PROSPERO #CDR42018118086).
Lipids and the eye, beyond fat
Authors: Bron Alain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEven though great lipids experts have already brought their knowledge on the EVER stages, lipids as a whole are not really considered as they should, taking in consideration their important role in eye physiology and eye diseases. The aim of this simple and humble journey through lipids is to stimulate the interest of young investigators for the fascinating world of lipids, from the tear film to the brain.