bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projected expansion of Trichodesmium’s geographical distribution and increase in growth potential in response to climate change
Authors: Boatman Tobias G. , Upton Graham J. G. , Lawson Tracy , Geider Richard J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstimates of marine N2 fixation range from 52 to 73 Tg N/year, of which we calculate up to 84% is from Trichodesmium based on previous measurements of nifH gene abundance and our new model of Trichodesmium growth. Here, we assess the likely effects of four major climate change‐related abiotic factors on the spatiotemporal distribution and growth potential of Trichodesmium for the last glacial maximum (LGM), the present (2006–2015) and the end of this century (2100) by mapping our model of Trichodesmium growth onto inferred global surface ocean fields of pCO2, temperature, light and Fe. We conclude that growth rate was severely limited by low pCO2 at the LGM, that current pCO2 levels do not significantly limit Trichodesmium growth and thus, the potential for enhanced growth from future increases in CO2 is small. We also found that the area of the ocean where sea surface temperatures (SST) are within Trichodesmium's thermal niche increased by 32% from the LGM to present, but further increases in SST due to continued global warming will reduce this area by 9%. However, the range reduction at the equator is likely to be offset by enhanced growth associated with expansion of regions with optimal or near optimal Fe and light availability. Between now and 2100, the ocean area of optimal SST and irradiance is projected to increase by 7%, and the ocean area of optimal SST, irradiance and iron is projected to increase by 173%. Given the major contribution of this keystone species to annual N2 fixation and thus pelagic ecology, biogeochemistry and CO2 sequestration, the projected increase in the geographical range for optimal growth could provide a negative feedback to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Rapid ART start in early HIV infection: Time to viral load suppression and retention in care in a London cohort
Authors: Girometti Nicolò , Lander Frances , McOwan Alan , Nwokolo Nneka , Boffito Marta , Whitlock Gary ,   the Dean Street Collaborative group
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesRapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is recommended in early HIV infection (EHI), even in the absence of baseline viral resistance test result. We analysed time to viral suppression according to ART regimen started in a cohort of patients diagnosed with EHI.MethodsClinical records of individuals consecutively diagnosed with EHI between July 2016‐June 2018 were reviewed. The distribution of clinical, virological and immunological factors was compared in treatment groups using the Mann–Whitney U‐test.Results262 individuals (97% MSM) were diagnosed with EHI. 58% of patients agreed to start ART within 14 days of diagnosis. Tenofovir‐based combinations were prescribed to all patients. DRV/b was the most commonly prescribed third agent (78%), when genotypic resistance testing was not available at time of ART choice. Switching to INSTI was encouraged once VRT became available and 27% switched from DRV/b to INSTI (mainly RAL) within 28 days from ART start. Those receiving INSTI were more likely to have a baseline viral load exceeding 1 million HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL compared with those starting with DRV/b. Rapid start with INSTI regimens resulted in quicker viral suppression than when DRV/b was chosen in EHI, even when that was subsequently switched to INSTI. Retention in care following rapid ART start was achieved by all patients at 24 weeks.ConclusionsStarting an INSTI‐based ART combination was associated with quicker viral suppression than when a protease inhibitor‐based combination was chosen. No differences in the achievement of viral suppression or in retention in care were observed.
Financial literacy, money management skill and credit card repayments
Authors: Hamid Fazelina Sahul , Loke Yiing Jia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between socio‐economic factors, financial literacy, money management skill, overspending and impulsiveness on credit card repayment decisions. Analysis based on a sample of 451 credit card users in Malaysia showed that socio‐economic factors related to education, income, ethnicity, marital status and number of credit cards held influence credit card repayment decisions. Financial literacy and money management skill have a positive effect on credit cardholders’ decision making. Specifically, money management skill related to financial statements monitoring, prompt bill payment, spending within budget and handling money matters well influence credit card repayments. However, personality traits such as overspending and impulsiveness do not exert a significant effect on credit card payment behaviour. The findings of this study support the argument that financial education and behavioural intervention that inculcate good money management skill are important in shaping individuals’ behaviour.
Show or tell: Children's learning about food from action vs verbal testimony
Authors: DeJesus Jasmine M. , Venkatesh Shruthi 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundChildhood obesity continues to be a critical health concern in the United States. Nonetheless, interventions that focus on delivering verbal lessons about food and health to children in preschool classrooms have had only modest effects.ObjectivesThe present study examines the relative effectiveness of showing vs telling children about food to promote healthy eating, with a focus on unfamiliar foods and vegetables.MethodsThree‐ to six‐year‐old children (n = 71) were tested in a laboratory study in which they watched videos of two people eating apple‐broccoli puree. One person took five bites of the food; the other said they liked the food.ResultsChildren did not differentiate between the food they saw someone eat and the food they heard someone talk about. Children's food intake was negatively associated with parent reports of children's eating behavior on the Food Fussiness subscale of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. We found similar patterns in an analogous toy task. In an unfamiliar object task, children selected the action demonstration as the right way to use the object.ConclusionsWe find no evidence that action vs verbal testimony is more persuasive in guiding children's food choices, but action testimony may be persuasive in other domains. The associations between children's food intake and pickiness provide growing evidence of alignment between parent assessments of their children's typical eating behavior and children's food choices in laboratory studies.
What's the point of European Sectoral Social Dialogue? Effectiveness and polycontexturality in the hospital and metal sectors
Authors: Larsson Bengt , Galetto Manuela , Weber Sabrina , Bechter Barbara , Prosser Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrawing on pragmatism and systems theory, this article analyses how participants in the European Sectoral Social Dialogue in the metal and hospital committees understand its effectiveness. We find that the participants have a broad understanding of effectiveness compared with the European Commission and existing research. Participants do not dismiss the importance of direct effects on working conditions in member states but downplay it in comparison with indirect effects from, and effectiveness in, European Sectoral Social Dialogue. That is, horizontal learning, knowledge sharing and pragmatic bottom‐up work to reach consensus are emphasised as more prominent than top‐down regulatory effectiveness.
Oxidative stress and Liver X Receptor agonist induce hepatocellular carcinoma in Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis model
Authors: Shimizu Yoshio , Tamura Takafumi , Kemmochi Akira , Owada Yohei , Ozawa Yusuke , Hisakura Katsuji , Matsuzaka Takashi , Shimano Hitoshi , Nakano Noriyuki , Sakashita Shingo , Oda Tatsuya , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe incidence of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is progressively increasing. However, the pathophysiology and etiology of NASH progression to HCC are unknown. We hypothesized that steatosis was the key factor in NASH‐related hepatocarcinogenesis and aimed to evaluate the effects of long‐term liver X receptor (LXR) agonist stimulation on hepatic steatosis induced by a high‐fat diet and oxidative stress.MethodsWe used an LXR agonist (T0901317) and CCl4 to induce hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress, respectively. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high‐fat diet were treated with either T0901317 + CCl4 (T09 + CCl4 group) or CCl4 alone (CCl4 group). T0901317 (2.5 mg/kg) and CCl4 (0.1 mL/kg) were intraperitoneally administered twice weekly for 24 weeks.ResultsThe liver‐to‐body weight ratio was significantly higher in the T09 + CCl4 group than in the CCl4 group. Mice in the T09 + CCl4 group exhibited abnormal lipid metabolism and NASH‐like histopathological features. Additionally, all mice in the T09 + CCl4 group developed liver tumors diagnosed as well‐differentiated HCC. The genes identified via microarray analysis were related to NASH and HCC development.ConclusionsBy combining long‐term LXR agonist stimulation with oxidative stress and a high‐fat diet, we successfully reproduced liver conditions in mice similar to those in humans with NASH and progression to HCC. Our results provide new insight into NASH‐related HCC progression and therapy.
Association of Clostridioides difficile with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute diverticulitis: A nationwide study
Authors: Makar Michael , Makar Gabriel , Xia Weiyi , Greenberg Patricia , Patel Anish Vinit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAcute diverticulitis (AD) is a common gastrointestinal disease with a significant health care‐associated burden. Patients hospitalized with AD have many risk factors for developing Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). CDI is associated with poor outcomes in many diseases but has yet to be studied in AD.MethodsWe utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample from January 2012 to October 2015 for patients hospitalized with AD and CDI compared with AD alone. Primary outcomes, which were mortality, length of stay, and hospitalization cost, were compared. Secondary outcomes were complications of diverticulitis and need for surgical interventions. Risk factors for mortality in AD and risk factors associated with CDI in AD patients were analyzed.ResultsAmong 767 850 hospitalizations for AD, 8755 also had CDI. A propensity score‐matched cohort analysis demonstrated that CDI was associated with increased risk of inpatient mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 5.95), prolonged duration of hospitalization by 4.27 days (P < 0.0001), total hospital cost by $33 271 (P < 0.0001), need for surgery (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.22, 1.71), and complications of diverticulitis (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.21, 1.74). Predictors of CDI among patients with AD included female gender (1.12 OR, 95% CI 1.01, 1.24), three or more comorbidities (1.81 OR, 95% CI 1.57, 2.09), and admissions to teaching hospitals (1.44 OR, 95% CI 1.22, 1.70).ConclusionsClostridioides difficile infection in AD is associated with increased mortality, length of stay, and hospital cost. Preventative measures should be made for at‐risk patients with AD to decrease infection rate and poor outcomes.
3D Printed Teeth with Included Veneer Preparation Guide
Authors: Höhne Christian , Rammler Tanja , Schmitter Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was the design, feasibility, and evaluation of a 3D printed tooth model with internal preparation for dental education in veneer preparation.Material and MethodsA tooth with two different colored layers for the crown and the preparation form was designed and printed by a stereolithographic printer. In a voluntary course, 40 third‐ to fifth‐year dental students were trained with these printed teeth in the clinical course. They had the opportunity to prepare four 3D printed teeth with an integrated veneer preparation. During their studies, they used standardized model teeth. The students rated the advantage in a questionnaire according to German school grades (1 best to 6 worst). For reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha was calculated. Significant differences between groups were calculated using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test.ResultsThe production of the teeth was feasible and cost‐effective. The overall mean rating of the printed teeth in the questionnaire was 1.8 ± 0.18. The students rated the learning results with the printed tooth as significantly better than the standard model tooth (mean 3.0 ± 0.86 vs. mean 2.1 ± 0.95; p < 0.001). The item “is a more suitable exercise option” in contrast to standard model teeth was evaluated with 1.9 ± 0.61. The item “the included preparation was clearly visible in color” was rated with 1.7 ± 0.71. “The tooth model illustrated visually an ideal preparation” was rated with 1.8 ± 0.65. Additionally, the students were interested in including more printed teeth into their studies (1.7 ± 0.86). In the open questions the students reported great benefits of this method.ConclusionsThe feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. The students favored working on the innovative 3D‐teeth with internal veneer preparation, emphasizing the usefulness of this technique in dental education. The tooth enabled the students to control their preparation permanently on their own.
Assessment of medication knowledge among patients with asthma
Authors: Almomani Basima A , Altawalbeh Shoroq M , Alnajjar Munther S , Momany Suleiman M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Asthmatic patient's knowledge about their treatment can affect asthma control and adherence level. This study investigated the level of medication knowledge, the level of adherence and factors affecting both knowledge and adherence in adult patients with asthma.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Jordan between 2017 and 2018. A face-to-face interview was conducted by a clinical pharmacist with asthma patients attending hospital pharmacies for refilling their prescriptions.

Key findings
A total of 218 adults with asthma were included into the study and 60.6% were knowledgeable about their medications. University degree education (OR = 3.67; P value &lt; 0.001), positive family history of asthma (OR = 1.89; P value = 0.04) and longer asthma duration (OR = 1.03; P value = 0.049) were significantly associated with a high medication knowledge. On the other hand, married participants were less knowledgeable than single ones (OR = 0.30; P value = 0.041). High medication knowledge score (OR = 4.76, P value = 0.008), older age (OR = 1.06, P value = 0.004) and male gender (OR = 3.82, P value = 0.01) were significant predictors of high medication adherence.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of educational programmes that should be conducted in primary healthcare settings, such as community pharmacies, where pharmacists should educate patients about their medication and the importance of adherence.
Union negotiations, product market cooperation, and profits
Authors: Buccella Domenico , Wang Leonard F. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWithin the context of a unionized duopoly with decentralized Right‐to‐Manage wage negotiations, this paper investigates how different measures of product market cooperation impact firms' profitability. In the presence of exogenous production costs, a classical result in industrial economics is that conjectural derivatives (CD) and conjectural elasticities (CE) lead to similar results, and CE reproduce exactly the same output decision level (and, therefore, profits) of the coefficient of cooperation (CC). These results show that wage bargaining alters those relations; in particular, the equivalence of the CE and CC no longer holds true.
Acanthamoeba castellanii as an alternative interaction model for the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum
Authors: de Faria Lucas V. , do Carmo Paulo H. F. , da Costa Marliete C. , Peres Nalu T. A. , Rodrigues Chagas Isabela A. , Furst Cinthia , Ferreira Gabriella F. , Costa Adriana O. , Santos Daniel A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundTrichophyton rubrum (Tr) is the main aetiological agent of human dermatophytosis, being isolated from the environment and keratinised tissues. In the environment, Tr can interact with other organisms, such as free‐living amoebas (FLA), which can act as an alternative host system to study the interaction between microbes and phagocytic cells.ObjectivesTo characterise the Acanthamoeba castellanii (ALX)‐Tr interaction.MethodsInteraction was characterised in three conditions: trophozoites (PYG), late (PYG/NES) and early (NES) encystation stimulus, evaluating encystation kinetics, phagocytosis, exocytosis and fungicidal activity dynamics.ResultsTr was able to induce ALX encystation and be internalised by ALX. The number of internalised conidia was high at 1 hour, and ALX presented fungicidal activity with increased intracellular ROS production and exocytosis. In PYG/NES, phagocytosis and ROS production were reduced, with decreased ALX’s fungicidal activity. However, in NES there was an increased fungal engulfment, and a reduced ROS production and higher fungal burden. Furthermore, exogenous mannose decreased phagocytosis of Tr conidia, and divalent cations induced ROS production and increased ALX’s fungicidal activity. Interestingly, phagocytosis was reduced in the presence of cytoskeleton inhibitor, but exocytosis was increased, suggesting that Tr conidia may have alternative pathways to escape ALX's cells.ConclusionA castellanii is a proper model for studying Tr‐FLA interaction, since ALX can engulf, produce ROS and kill Tr, and all these parameters are influenced by an encystation stimulus and divalent cations. Moreover, this interaction is likely to occur in the environment implicating in the adaptation to environmental stressful conditions in both organisms.
ATG genes, new players on early Fe toxicity response in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Maltzahn Latóia Eduarda , Viana Vívian Ebeling , Busanello Carlos , Venske Eduardo , Girardi César Luis , Costa de Oliveira Antonio , Pegoraro Camila 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRice yield is frequently impaired by abiotic adverse conditions in several parts of the globe. One of these constraints is soil iron toxicity. Plants respond to adverse conditions by activating different mechanisms, some of which have already been elucidated. Recently, autophagy has been associated with plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, however, the involvement of this mechanism in the response to iron toxicity has never been studied. Autophagy is a process of recycling cellular components and involves approximately 30 genes in rice. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterise the regulation and transcriptional activation of OsATG genes in rice seedlings under iron toxicity. In this condition, OsATG genes were induced in the tolerant genotype and repressed in the sensitive one. Also, OsATG gene promoters are rich in W‐box cis‐regulatory elements targeted by WRKY transcription factors. These results suggest that OsATG genes are involved in early iron toxicity response and the regulation of these genes can occur via WRKY. This study provides early insights into the involvement of autophagy in iron toxicity response.
Public health nurses’ workforce factors and population health outcomes in the United States
Authors: Gwon Seok Hyun , Cho Young Ik , Paek Soonhwa , Ke Weiming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives(a) To examine associations between public health nurse (PHN) workforce factors (PHNs’ highest education and PHNs’ mean years of employment) and health‐risk behaviors (smoking and physical inactivity rates), and (b) to investigate the associations between PHN workforce factors and premature mortality rates across all counties of the United States.DesignSecondary analysis. Sample: A total of 5,705 PHNs from the 2015 National Nursing Workforce Survey and 2,977 U.S. counties from the 2016 County Health Rankings & Roadmaps data were included.MethodsMultilevel linear regression was used.ResultsBachelor's, and master's or doctorate‐prepared PHNs accounted for 41.5% and 17.0%, respectively. The mean year of employment among PHNs was 17.3. The percentages of PHNs with bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees were significantly associated with decreased physical inactivity rates. The PHNs’ mean year of employment was significantly associated with decreased physical inactivity rates and reduced premature age‐adjusted mortality rates.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that PHNs with higher levels of education and more years of employment were important in improving health outcomes (health‐risk behavior and premature mortality). Policymakers need to consider strategies to encourage more PHNs to obtain advanced degrees and to retain PHNs longer in the public health field.
Combined effect of three common lifestyle factors on cognitive impairment among older Chinese adults: a community‐based, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Qian Yu‐Xi , Ma Qing‐Hua , Sun Hong‐Peng , Xu Yong , Pan Chen‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

AimLifestyle factors may influence cognitive function. Therefore, we compared the risk of cognitive impairment (COI) of all possible combinations of three lifestyle factors—tea consumption, physical activity, and siesta (afternoon nap or rest)—to the absence of any of these lifestyle factors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consisted of 4579 community‐dwelling Chinese individuals aged 60 years or older living in Suzhou. Among the subjects were 3634 participants with normal cognition and 945 who had been diagnosed with COI according to the Abbreviated Mental Test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with a multivariate‐adjusted model by logistic regression.ResultsIndividually, tea consumption and physical activity significantly lowered the risk of COI to 0.66 (95%CI: 0.48–0.90) and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.65–0.96), respectively. In combination, physical activity and siesta reduced the risk of COI to the greatest extent (OR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.31–0.64). Based on multivariate adjustment, almost all combinations of factors had a significant negative association with COI, but the combination of tea consumption and siesta had an irrelevant correlation with COI. All combinations of lifestyle factors had a lower OR than any single lifestyle factor among the correlations that were significant.ConclusionBased on our findings, engaging in physical activity in combination with either or both of the other lifestyle factors was associated with a lower OR of having COI than adhering on a single factor in elderly Chinese people.
Government Openness and Public Trust: The Mediating Role of Democratic Capacity
Authors: Schmidthuber Lisa , Ingrams Alex , Hilgers Dennis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe open government paradigm implies that public processes are becoming more transparent, public information is available online, and citizens and nongovernmental organizations are encouraged to interact with public administration through new platform‐based forms of participation and collaboration. Though these governmental efforts to open up organizational procedures to the public are meant to strengthen the relationship between citizens and the government, empirical evidence is currently sparse and mixed. This article argues that positive impacts of openness depend on citizen's democratic capacity defined as the individual sense of empowerment to influence governmental systems. By matching individual survey data from the European Social Survey with secondary institutional data, the authors investigate the relationship between individual‐ and structural‐level variables. Findings indicate that structural openness is, in general, positively associated with higher trust. Further, the effect of openness on public trust is partially mediated by an individual's perception that they have meaningful opportunities for political participation.