bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ganoderma tsugae suppresses the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells via Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Ting , Kuo Pin‐Hung , Kuo Han‐Peng , Hsu Chih‐Yu , Lee Yi‐Jen , Kuo Chao‐Lin , Liu Jah‐Yao , Lee Shou‐Lun , Kao Ming‐Ching 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGanoderma is one of the common medicinal mushrooms in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous researches have unveiled the multifaceted biological activity of Ganoderma extract. Ganoderma tsugae has been investigated the potential on curing prostate, colon, lung, epidermoid, breast and ovarian cancers, but not including endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer is a gynecological malignant tumor with serious drug resistance problem in clinical cancer treatment. This study aimed to demonstrate the first study of Ganoderma on treating endometrial cancer. The Ganoderma tsugae ethanol extract (GTEE) could suppress the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells HEC‐1‐A, KLE, and AN3 CA. GTEE also induced G1/S phase arrest and mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Furthermore, the Akt signaling pathway could be suppressed by GTEE. Therefore, our results suggest for the first time that GTEE has the potential to be an adjuvant therapeutic agent in the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Kirenol regulates the cell proliferative and inflammatory markers in DMBA‐induced oral squamous cell carcinogenesis in hamster
Authors: Deng Yunzhen , Ma Min , Guo Gang , Tang Zhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis present findings hypothesized the modulatory effects of kirenol on expression pattern of cell proliferative and inflammatory markers during DMBA induced HBP carcinogenesis. The machinery pathways for chemomodulatory effect of kirenol was investigated by analyzing the levels of antioxidants histological changes, lipid peroxidation and molecular expression pathway of PCNA, NF‐κB in the DMBA only painted HBPC. Oral cancer was developed in the HBP model by DMBA (0.5%) three times a week for 14th weeks. We analyzed body weight with deregulated molecular expressions pattern of PCNA and NF‐κB was noticed in the DMBA induced hamsters compared to control hamsters. Oral administration of kirenol 30 mg/kg bw, to DMBA induced hamster models reverted the activity of the biochemical markers in Group 4. Besides, tumor tissues of hamsters receive antioxidant capability from kirenol exclaimed significant modifications in DMBA induced causes: inhibits cell proliferation (inhibits PCNA expression) and suppresses inflammation (decreased NF‐κB expression) of markers. Taken together, the protective effect of that kirenol an augmenting inflammation of the started cells and exhibited antiproliferative, anti‐inflammatory, antilipid peroxidative and restores the xenobiotic enzymes levels (phase I and II) system and enhances antioxidant properties in oral carcinoma hamsters, in which turn, is reflected diminished tumor burden, volume, and multiplicity.
Global insights into duplicated gene expression and alternative splicing in polyploid Brassica napus under heat, cold, and drought stress
Authors: Lee Joon Seon , Adams Keith L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolyploidy has been a prevalent process during plant evolution and it has made a major impact on the structure and evolution of plant genomes. Many important crop plants are polyploid. There is considerable interest in expression patterns of duplicated genes in polyploids. Alternative splicing (AS) is a fundamental aspect of gene expression that produces multiple final transcript types from a single type of mRNAs. The effects of abiotic stress conditions on AS in polyploids has received little attention. We conducted a global transcriptome analysis of Brassica napus, an allotetraploid derived from B. rapa (AT) and B. oleracea (CT), by RNA‐Seq of plants subjected to cold, heat, and drought stress treatments. Analyses of 27,360 pairs of duplicated genes revealed overall AT subgenome biases in gene expression and CT subgenome biases in the extent of alternative splicing under all three stress treatments. More genes increased in expression than decreased in response to the stresses. Negative correlations were found between expression levels and AS frequency for each type of AS. Cold stress produced the greatest changes in gene expression and AS. Cold‐induced AS changes were more likely to be shared with those generated by drought than by heat stress. We used homeologs of FLC and CCA1 as case studies to show the dynamics of how duplicates in a polyploid respond to cold stress. Our results suggest that divergence in gene expression and AS patterns between duplicated genes may increase the flexibility of polyploids when responding to abiotic stressors.
Computational aspects towards understanding the photoprocesses in eumelanin
Authors: Ghosh Debashree 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEumelanin is the active ingredient in skin pigment found in human beings. It is also present in animals, plants, and some bacteria and fungi. However, there are still open questions about its biological activity. The detailed molecular mechanism of its photoprotective property is topic of intense research. While it has been implicated in photo‐damage in certain conditions, the extent of this effect is largely unknown. Furthermore, its involvement in a wide range of metal chelation and radical scavenging properties remain unclear. This rather sparse knowledge about such as important biological system is mainly due to the extreme level of heterogeneity in eumelanin structure, its low solubility, and lack of unique structural features. Due to these difficulties theoretical studies and modeling appear to be a crucial cornerstone towards the understanding of eumelanin system. This review aims to report the current status of the understanding in molecular mechanism of photoprocesses in eumelanin and the theoretical approaches that are used for that. Furthermore, the outstanding open questions and difficulties in understanding the eumelanin system will be dealt with.This article is categorized under:
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Quantifying errors in GNSS antenna calibrations
Authors: Bergstrand Sten , Jarlemark Per , Herbertsson Magnus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the performance of GNSS absolute antenna calibrations and its impact on accurate positioning with a new assessment method that combines inter-antenna differentials and laser tracker measurements. We thus separated the calibration method contributions from those attainable by various geometric constraints and produced corrections for the calibrations. We investigated antennas calibrated by two IGS-approved institutions and in the worst case found the calibration’s contribution to the vertical component being in excess of 1 cm on the ionosphere-free frequency combination L3. In relation to nearby objects, we gauge the $$1\sigma $$

1
σ

accuracies of our method to determine the antenna phase centers within $$\pm \,0.38$$

±

0.38

mm on L1 and within $$\pm \,0.62$$

±

0.62

mm on L3, the latter applicable to global frame determinations where atmospheric influence cannot be neglected. In addition to antenna calibration corrections, the results can be used with an equivalent tracker combination to determine the phase centers of as-installed individual receiver antennas at system critical sites to the same level without compromising the permanent installations.
Is interactive air sea coupling relevant for simulating the future climate of Europe?
Authors: Gröger M. , Dieterich C. , Meier H. E. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe majority of regional climate change assessments for the Euro-CORDEX region is based on high resolution atmosphere models. These models use prescribed lower boundary conditions, such as sea surface temperatures (SST) from global ocean General Circulation Models (GCMs), that do not respond to changes simulated by the regional atmosphere model, thus lacking an important feedback to the atmosphere. However, research during the past decade indicated that the use of coupled atmosphere–ocean models can lead to significantly altered model solutions compared to standalone atmosphere models for the present day climate imposing some uncertainty on the widely used uncoupled future scenarios. We here present the first multi-model and multi scenario (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) ensemble of future climate change scenarios downscaled with a coupled atmosphere—ocean model in which sea surface temperature and sea ice fields are explicitly simulated by a coupled state-of-the-art high resolution ocean model and communicated to the atmosphere at 3-hourly time steps. Our ensemble generally confirms results of previous uncoupled ensembles over land areas implying that the coupling effect is restricted mainly to the coupled area and the adjacent coastal zone. By contrast, over the North Sea and Baltic Sea small scale processes point to important coupling effects that mediate the response to climate change and that can not be simulated by uncoupled models. Our results therefore impose general uncertainty on the usage of regional climate change data from uncoupled ensembles over marine areas such as for purposes of offshore wind or mussel farming, the planing of marine protected areas, and marine recreation along the coastal zone. It further sets in question the usage of uncoupled scenario data (such as Euro-CORDEX) to force high resolution ocean models. Comparing coupled and uncoupled hindcast simulations reveals that the coupling effect over land is most pronounced during the warm season when prescribed and modelled sea surface temperatures (SST) differ strongest. In addition, a generally weaker wind regime in summer damps the heat dispersion in the atmosphere so that air temperature anomalies can extent further over land compared to winter. Future projections are discussed under consideration of land-sea warming characteristics for selected climate indices as well as mean seasonal climate change. At the end of the century a clear land-sea pattern is seen in all scenarios with stronger warming over land than over open sea areas. On average land areas warm at a rate 1.5 times faster than areas over the open ocean. Over the coupled area, i.e. the North Sea and Baltic Sea tropical nights are impacted strongest and the Baltic Sea turns out to be a hot spot in future climate. This has been unrecognized in previous studies using high resolution atmosphere models with prescribed SSTs from global models which do not represent small scale ocean processes in the Baltic Sea adequately.
Correlation of postoperative fluid balance and weight and their impact on outcomes
Authors: Butti Fabio , Pache Basile , Winiker Michael , Grass Fabian , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Normovolemia after major surgery is critical to avoid complications. The aim of the present study was to analyze correlation between fluid balance, weight gain, and postoperative outcomes.

Methods
All consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency major abdominal surgery needing intermediate care unit (IMC) admission from September 2017 to January 2018 were included. Postoperative fluid balances and daily weight changes were calculated for postoperative days (PODs) 0–3. Risk factors for postoperative complications (30-day Clavien) and prolonged length of IMC and hospital stay were identified through uni- and multinominal logistic regression.

Results
One hundred eleven patients were included, of which 55% stayed in IMC beyond POD 1. Overall, 67% experienced any complication, while 30% presented a major complication (Clavien ≥ III). For the entire cohort, median cumulative fluid balance at the end of PODs 0–1–2–3 was 1850 (IQR 1020–2540) mL, 2890 (IQR 1610–4000) mL, 3890 (IQR 2570–5380) mL, and 4000 (IQR 1890–5760) mL respectively, and median weight gain was 2.2 (IQR 0.3–4.3) kg, 3 (1.5–4.7) kg, and 3.9 (2.5–5.4) kg, respectively. Fluid balance and weight course showed no significant correlation (r = 0.214, p = 0.19). Extent of surgery, analyzed through Δ albumin and duration of surgery, significantly correlated with POD 2 fluid balances (p = 0.04, p = 0.006, respectively), as did POD 3 weight gain (p = 0.042). Prolonged IMC stay of ≥ 3 days was related to weight gain ≥ 3 kg at POD 2 (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.01–8.9, p = 0.049).

Conclusion
Fluid balance and weight course showed only modest correlation. POD 2 weight may represent an easy and pragmatic tool to optimize fluid management and help to prevent fluid-related postoperative complications.
Childhood HIV-associated nephropathy: 36 years later
Authors: Ray Patricio E. , Li Jinliang , Das Jharna R. , Tang Pingtao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) predominantly affects people of African ancestry living with HIV who do not receive appropriate antiretroviral therapy (ART). Childhood HIVAN is characterized by heavy proteinuria and decreased kidney function. Kidney histology shows mesangial expansion, classic or collapsing glomerulosclerosis, and microcystic renal tubular dilatation leading to kidney enlargement. The pathogenesis of HIVAN involves the kidney recruitment of inflammatory cells and the infection of kidney epithelial cells. In addition, both viral and genetic factors play key roles in this disease. Modern ART has improved the outcome and decreased the prevalence of childhood HIVAN. However, physicians have had modest success providing chronic ART to children and adolescents, and we continue to see children with HIVAN all over the world. This article discusses the progress made during the last decade in our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of childhood HIVAN, placing particular emphasis on the mechanisms that mediate the infection of kidney epithelial cells, and the roles of cytokines, the HIV-Tatgene, and the Apolipoprotein-1 (APOL1) gene risk variants in this disease. In view of the large number of children living with HIV at risk of developing HIVAN, better prevention and treatment programs are needed to eradicate this disease.
Concentration-cancellation in the Ericksen–Leslie model
Authors: Kortum Joshua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe establish the subconvergence of weak solutions to the Ginzburg–Landau approximation to global-in-time weak solutions of the Ericksen–Leslie model for nematic liquid crystals on the torus $${\mathbb {T}^2}$$

T

2

. The key argument is a variation of concentration-cancellation methods originally introduced by DiPerna and Majda to investigate the weak stability of solutions to the (steady-state) Euler equations.
Low diversity or poorly explored? Mesophotic molluscs highlight undersampling in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Albano Paolo G. , Azzarone Michele , Amati Bruno , Bogi Cesare , Sabelli Bruno , Rilov Gil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMesophotic assemblages are the next frontier of marine exploration in the Mediterranean Sea. Located below recreational scuba diving depths, they are difficult to access but host a diverse array of habitats structured by large invertebrate species. The Eastern Mediterranean has been much less explored than the western part of the basin and its mesophotic habitats are virtually unknown. We here describe two mesophotic (77–92 m depth) molluscan assemblages at a rocky reef and on a soft substrate off northern Israel. We record 172 species, of which 43 (25%) are first records for Israel and increase its overall marine molluscan diversity by 7%. Only five of these species have been reported in recent surveys of the nearby Lebanon, suggesting that our results are robust at a broader scale than our study area and that the reported west-to-east declining diversity gradient in the Mediterranean needs a reappraisal based on proper sampling of the eastern basin. We found only four (2%) non-indigenous species, represented by seven (0.5%) specimens. These results suggest that pristine native assemblages still thrive at this depth in Israel, in contrast to the shallow subtidal heavily affected by global warming and biological invasions, calling for strong conservation actions for these valuable but vulnerable habitats.
Biosorption of copper using nopal fibres: moolooite formation and magnesium role in the reactive crystallization mechanism
Authors: Carballo-Meilan Ara , Hernández-Francisco Elizabeth , Sosa-Loyde Gustavo , Bonilla-Cruz José , Russell Paul , Ali Zulfiqur , García-García Alejandra , Arizpe-Zapata Alejandro , Longoria-Rodríguez Francisco , Lara-Ceniceros Tania E. , Yin Chun-Yang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this contribution, we present findings on biosorption of Cu (II) ions using novel alkali-treated nopal fibres. The biosorption data at equilibrium were fitted to several isotherm models and the biosorbent was characterized by XRD and SEM–EDX. The biosorption mechanism was investigated using a holistic approach of pH shifts, apparent colour variations and changes in the concentration of Cu(II) and dissolved hard ions (calcium and magnesium) in the Cu(II) solution. The correlation between the colour, XRD analysis, pH shifts and hard cations released from the biosorbent into the solution suggested the existence of two crystal formations, malachite and moolooite, in what appears to be a microprecipitation mechanism via reactive crystallization. The role of magnesium during the transformation of malachite into moolooite during the copper binding mechanism is analysed. Magnesium cations were released into the solution during malachite growth but were taken up from the solution during the moolooite crystal growth phase. The shift of the molar ratio Mg/Ca was located between the two inflexion points of the crystal growth transition. This specific location at the sorption isotherm was correlated with the colour evolution by a linear discriminant model confirming its association with the polymorphs.

Graphic abstract
How evaluation of global hydrological models can help to improve credibility of river discharge projections under climate change
Authors: Krysanova Valentina , Zaherpour Jamal , Didovets Iulii , Gosling Simon N. , Gerten Dieter , Hanasaki Naota , Müller Schmied Hannes , Pokhrel Yadu , Satoh Yusuke , Tang Qiuhong , Wada Yoshihide 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImportance of evaluation of global hydrological models (gHMs) before doing climate impact assessment was underlined in several studies. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of six gHMs in simulating observed discharge for a set of 57 large catchments applying common metrics with thresholds for the monthly and seasonal dynamics and summarize them estimating an aggregated index of model performance for each model in each basin. One model showed a good performance, and other five showed a weak or poor performance in most of the basins. In 15 catchments, evaluation results of all models were poor. The model evaluation was supplemented by climate impact assessment for a subset of 12 representative catchments using (1) usual ensemble mean approach and (2) weighted mean approach based on model performance, and the outcomes were compared. The comparison of impacts in terms of mean monthly and mean annual discharges using two approaches has shown that in four basins, differences were negligible or small, and in eight catchments, differences in mean monthly, mean annual discharge or both were moderate to large. The spreads were notably decreased in most cases when the second method was applied. It can be concluded that for improving credibility of projections, the model evaluation and application of the weighted mean approach could be recommended, especially if the mean monthly (seasonal) impacts are of interest, whereas the ensemble mean approach could be applied for projecting the mean annual changes. The calibration of gHMs could improve their performance and, consequently, the credibility of projections.
Friend or foe? Social ties in bribery and corruption
Authors: Di Zheng Jin , Schram Arthur , Doğan Gönül 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper studies how social ties interact with bribery and corruption. In the laboratory, subjects are in triads where two ‘performers’ individually complete an objective real-effort task and an evaluator designates one of them as the winner of a monetary prize. In one treatment dimension, we vary whether performers can bribe the evaluator—where any bribe made is non-refundable, irrespective of the evaluator’s decision. A second treatment dimension varies the induced social ties between the evaluator and the performers. The experimental evidence suggests that both bribes and social ties may corrupt evaluators’ decisions. Bribes decrease the importance of performance in the decision. The effect of social ties is asymmetric. While performers’ bribes vary only little with their ties to the evaluator, evaluators exhibit favoritism based on social ties when bribes are not possible. This ‘social-tie-based’ corruption is, however, replaced by bribe-based corruption when bribes are possible. We argue that these results have concrete consequences for possible anti-corruption policies.
COVID-19 Highlighting Inequalities in Access to Healthcare in England: A Case Study of Ethnic Minority and Migrant Women
Authors: Germain Sabrina , Yong Adrienne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur commentary aims to show that the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified existing barriers to healthcare in England for ethnic minority and migrant women. We expose how the pandemic has affected the allocation of healthcare resources leading to the prioritisation of COVID-19 patients and suspending the equal access to healthcare services approach. We argue that we must look beyond this disruption in provision by examining existing barriers to access that have been amplified by the pandemic in order to understand the poorer health outcomes for women in ethnic minority and migrant communities. The reflection focuses on racialised medical perceptions, gendered cultural norms including information barriers and stigma, and specific legal barriers.
Assessment framework of actor strategies in international river basin management, the case of Deltarhine
Authors: Renner Tobias , Meijerink Sander , van der Zaag Pieter , Smits Toine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe combined effects of socio-economic growth as well as climate change exert increasing pressure on international river basins and require dedicated cooperative efforts to jointly manage international rivers. Cooperative strategies drawn from scientific literature, empirical research and practitioner’s handbooks are explored and clustered into six key dimensions of goals, instruments, structures, actors, leadership and resources to provide an assessment tool of actor strategies for both scientists and practitioners. The exploratory framework is applied to Dutch–German cooperation in the delta of the Rhine catchment, testing its conceptual validity and applicability in international river basin management as well as providing policy recommendations for the study area. The assessment framework can serve as an instrument to inventory, map and evaluate the importance of specific actor strategies and to facilitate dialogue and cross-border cooperation between riparian countries. Alternatively, the framework can be put to use, for example by downstream countries, to assess and coordinate their range of strategies on the national, regional and local level in order to engage and influence their counterparts.