bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification and Pharmacokinetics Study of Pedunculoside in Rats by Using UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Yang Aiping , Dong Jiajia , Zhao Huimin , Zhang Qichun , Zhu Xuyu , Gao Lina , Ding Ning , Li Caihong , Peng Ren , Lu Tulin , Hu Lihong , Wang Xiachang 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Pedunculoside (PE) is a triterpene saponin from the barks of Ilex rotunda, a Traditional Chinese
Medicine called Jiubiying, which is used for the treatment of cold and fever, tonsillitis, sore throat, acute and chronic
hepatitis, etc. Previous studies have confirmed that crude extract orally has a significant therapeutic effect on myocardial
infarction.

Methods:
A simple, sensitive, and specific method by using UPLC-MS/MS to study the pharmacokinetics
of PE in rats was developed and validated, with ilexsaponin A as an internal standard. Methanol
was used as a protein precipitation reagent for blood sample extraction. A Waters Acquity C18 column
(2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for chromatographic separation with a gradient elution of
CH3CN: 0.1% formic acid (0.3 mL·min-1). Negative ion electrospray ionization was used for detection
in multiple reaction monitoring mode.

Results:
PE was linear within the concentration range of 0.14-1118.00 ng/mL. The LLOQ was 0.14
ng/mL for the plasma samples. The intra-day and inter-day precision were ranged from 1.18% to
10.48%, while the accuracy ranged from -1.32% to 1.68%, indicating satisfactory precision and accuracy
of the assay. The extraction recoveries for PE and IS were ranged from 81.40% to 86.65%, with
no significant variation among the three concentrations, respectively. PE remained stable at room
temperature (25°C) for 3 h, in auto-sampler (4°C) for 24 h, after three freeze-thaw cycles, and in
long-term storage at ‒20°C for 30 days. The PK results of PE indicated its poor oral bioavailability
(3.37%).

Conclusion:
Non-compartmental pharmacokinetics parameters indicated that PE was rapidly distributed to the tissues
and metabolized. The pharmacokinetic data of this paper highlighted the first-time report of PE oral bioavailability with
two different administration manners, which will help to better understand how PE metabolized in rats and exert its
pharmacological effect in vivo.
Antitumor Effect of Cycle Inhibiting Factor Expression in Colon Cancer via Salmonella VNP20009
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhang Junhua , Gu Mingqiang , Li Guichao , Ni Jianjiao , Fan Min 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Colon cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cycle
inhibiting factors (Cifs) have been shown to deamidate Nedd8, resulting in cell cycle arrest.

Objective:
To determine the antitumor effect of Cifs on colon cancer by using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium
VNP20009.

Methods:
The VNP-SOPE2-cif and VNP-SOPE2-cif-C/A plasmids were transfected into attenuated Salmonella
typhimurium VNP20009. The efficiency and specificity of the Cif promoter were validated in colon cancer
SW480 cell lines. Western blotting was subsequently performed to evaluate cell cycle regulators, including P21,
P27 and Wee1. In vivo, the antitumor effect of VNP20009 was evaluated in a colon cancer xenograft model.

Results:
Firstly, VNP-SOPE2-cif and VNP-SOPE2-cif-C/A were selectively expressed both in the bacterial and
colon cancer cells. Cif expression in SW480 cells via the VNP tumor-targeted expression system induced the
accumulation of Wee1, p21 and p27 expression. Moreover, tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the mice
with VNP-SOPE2-cif compared to the mice with VNP with the empty construct.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that Cif gene delivered by VNP20009 is a promising approach for the
treatment of colon cancer.
Biocompatible Delivery System for Metformin: Characterization, Radiolabeling and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Aydın Burcu , Uçar Eser , Tekin Volkan , İçhedef Çiğdem , Teksöz Serap 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In recent years, the uses of nanotechnology in medicine have an increasing potential as
an effective nanocarrier system. These systems are improved with the purpose of maximizing therapeutic
activity and minimizing undesirable side-effects. Moreover, radiolabeled nanoparticles can be used as agents for
diagnosis and therapeutic purposes in clinical applications. They have three main components: the core, the
targeting biomolecule, and the radionuclide.

Objective:
It is aimed to synthesize Metformin (MET) loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (MET-SLN) and
radiolabeled with technetium-99m tricarbonyl core.

Methods:
The structure of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR). The particle size and morphology of nanoparticles were examined by Dynamic Light
Scattering (DLS), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Quality control studies of radiolabeled MET-SLN
[99mTc(CO)3-MET-SLN] were performed by High-Performance Liquid Radiochromatography (HPLRC) and
Thin Layer Radiochromatography (TLRC).

Results:
The radiolabeling yield of [99mTc(CO)3-MET-SLN] was found to be 88%. In vitro studies have been
performed on cancer lines(MCF7, MDA-MD-231 breast, and HEPG2 liver cancer cells) to determine the
biological behavior of 99mTc(CO)3-MET-SLNs.

Conclusion:
The results showed that higher uptake values were observed on estrogen-positive MCF7 breast
cancer cell line according to estrogen negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and HEPG2 liver cancer cell lines.
Research on Dynamic Optimization Method of Embedded Multi-core Performance based on Runtime
Authors: Huang Ying , Fang Xiaoyong , Zeng Yihuang , Huang Zhixin , Guo Hongtao 
Published: April 2020

:
Embedded multi-core systems often show special limitations in sharing resources and
storage capacity, which will lead to the reduction of parallel efficiency due to bandwidth, data competition
and other factors. In this paper, a run-time optimization framework is proposed to dynamically
and adaptively adjust parallel strategies according to the structure of different parallel programs.
On the one hand, the performance analysis model of a parallel program structure is established
to get the number of threads during the best performance. On the other hand, in view of the
load imbalance in parallel thread execution, an adaptive dynamic scheduling algorithm is proposed
to dynamically select the size of the scheduling block. Experimental results show that the proposed
dynamic scheduling strategy can improve program performance and achieve improvement of the
performance of the embedded multi-core system.

Background:
Embedded multi-core systems often have special limitations in sharing resources and
storage capacity. These limitations often lead to parallel programs running with lower parallel efficiency
due to bandwidth, data competition and other factors.

Objective:
In order to improve the performance of embedded multi-core systems, parallel strategies
can be adjusted dynamically and adaptively for different parallel program structures.

Methods:
A control mechanism of the thread count based on runtime information feedback is proposed,
which enables the system to dynamically select the number of threads when the program runs
best according to the structure characteristics of parallel programs. Then, an adaptive dynamic
scheduling algorithm is proposed to solve the load imbalance in parallel program execution.

Results:
An optimization framework based on run-time architecture is presented, which consists of
two parts: performance monitoring and control interface. It can take corresponding optimization
strategies according to the running state of parallel programs.

Conclusion:
The performance of the embedded multi-core system is improved.
Development of Centreless Electric Discharge Grinding Machining Process and Optimization of Process Parameters
Authors: Shekhawat MS , Mali Harlal Singh , Rathore APS 
Published: April 2020

Aims & Objective:
Producing thin walled rotationally symmetrical parts of difficult-to-machine materials by electrical
discharge machining is an evolving field of research. Poor heat transmissivity, high hot strength and in-process deflection of
thin walled Inconel 600 parts puts great challenge for its processing by conventional machining methods.

Methods:
In this study a novel hybrid process called centreless electric discharge grinding(CEDG) is employed for machining
of Inconel 600 tubes using rotating disc wheel electrode to improve process parameters. This paper details about the
experimental findings of the influence of four process parameters viz. pulse on time, peak current, gap voltage, and duty cycle
on the responses viz. average material removal rate (MRR) and average surface roughness(Ra). Response surface method’s
(RSM) central composite design was implemented to determine the effects of parameters on responses. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) techniques were employed to establish the adequacy of the mathematical models and to analyse the significance of
regression coefficients. RSM’s desirability approach was used to solve the multi-response optimization.

Results:
It was clearly noticed that the peak current and gap voltage were the most influential parameters to affect the MRR
and surface roughness. Maximum average MRR of 473 mg per min. was achieved at pulse on time 60µs, peak current 25 amps,
gap voltage 40 V, at duty cycle of 8 while minimum average surface roughness of 8.4 µm Ra was obtained at pulse on time
40µs, peak current 15 amps, gap voltage 40 V, and duty cycle 6.

Conclusion:
Confirmation run was conducted by adjusting the variables at optimal level within the selected range. It was
concluded that optimum level of variables can be determined for optimized responses prior to conduct of experiment.
Multiple-valued Decision Diagrams for Multi-state System Performability Analysis
Authors: Gong Yuhuan , Mo Yuchang 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In a multi-state system, either the entire system or its components will have
more than two states. Different kind of multi-state systems have been investigated, such as multistate
series-parallel systems, multi-state k-out-of-n systems and multi-state linear consecutive-k-outof-
n systems.

Methods:
Performability analysis is concerned with the calculation of probability distribution of
different system performance levels. In this paper, Multi-valued Decision Diagram (MDD) based
approaches are discussed to conduct the performability analysis of multi-state systems.

Results:
Examples are provided to illustrate the use of MDD approaches for three types of multistate
systems, e.g. multi-state series-parallel systems, multi-state k-out-of-n systems and multi-state
linear consecutive-k-out-of-n systems.

Conclusion:
The empirical results show that the MDD approaches have lower computational complexity
than the traditional methods in model generation and evaluation.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Associated with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Jordanian Patients
Authors: Khasawneh Ashraf I. , Himsawi Nisreen , Abu-Raideh Jumana , Salameh Muna , Abdullah Niveen , Khasawneh Rame , Saleh Tareq 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In addition to smoking and alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading etiology for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). However, this causal association is still understudied in Middle Eastern populations.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV-associated infection in the Jordanian HNSCC patients and the associated HPV genotypes.

Methods:
Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) squamous cell carcinoma samples of the head and neck were collected from two referral centers in Amman, Jordan to determine the existence of HPV DNA. After DNA extraction HPV infection and genotyping were identified using real-time PCR.

Results:
HPV DNA was detected in 19 out of 61 (31.1%) HNSCC samples. Despite screening for 28 different genotypes, HPV 16 was the only genotype identified in all examined samples. Most HPV-positive samples were obtained from the oropharynx (41.7%), oral cavity (37%), and larynx (18.2%). No significant association between HPV 16 genotype and age, sex, tobacco use, anatomical location, or tumor grade was noticed.

Conclusion:
This study reported a high association between HPV 16 genotype and HNSCC in Jordanian patients. These data should facilitate the implementation of appropriate HPV awareness campaigns, and activate selective prophylactic measures against HPV infection.
Antibacterial Activities of Culture-dependent Bacteria Isolated from Apis nigrocincta Gut
Authors: Lombogia Christian A. , Tulung Max , Posangi Jimmy , Tallei Trina E. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Apis nigrocincta is a honeybee endemic to Mindanao island (the Philippines), Sangihe island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) and Sulawesi mainland (Indonesia). The genus Apis is well known to have symbiont in their guts, which helps balance the microbiome in the gut and host health.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine whether the bacteria isolated from the gut of honeybee Apis nigrocincta produce metabolites with potential growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escerichia coli, the bacteria which are important pathogens in humans and animals.

Methods:
Bacteria isolated from honeybee gut were cultured in MRSA and several isolates were purified for testing. The antibacterial activity test method used in this study was well diffusion agar. Pure isolates were grown on NB. The treatments given were heating and also neutralizing the supernatant from each isolate.

Results:
Five bacterial isolates were successfully isolated from honeybee gut and purified. The five isolates showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterial strain indicators. The results of molecular identification showed that four of these isolates were Bacillus cereus and the other one was Staphylococcus arlettae. Neutralized supernatant showed strong activity on both indicator strains. The five isolates showed higher inhibition activity against S. aureus compared to E. coli.

Conclusion:
The finding of this research concluded that two bacterial strains, B. cereus and S. arlettae isolated from A. nigrocincta gut can be investigated further as agents which produce bioactive compounds that have potential as an antibacterial.
Sol-gel Growth of Ni-doped CdS on Glass Substrates: Effect of Spin Coating Speed and Dopant Concentration
Authors: Setayesh Atefeh N. , Sedghi Hassan 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In this work, CdS thin films were synthesized by the sol-gel method (spin
coating technique) on glass substrates to investigate the optical behavior of the film.

Methods:
Different substrate spin coating speeds of 2400, 3000, 3600 rpm and different Ni dopant
concentrations of 0 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, and 5 wt.%) were investigated. The optical properties of thin
films, such as the refraction index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant, and optical bandgap
energy of the layers were discussed using spectroscopic ellipsometry method in the wavelength
range of 300 to 900 nm.

Results:
It can be deduced that substrate rotation speed and dopant concentration have an influence
on the optical properties of thin films by decreasing the rotation speed of the substrate, which
results in films with more thicknesses, and more optical interferences were observed in the results.

Conclusion:
The samples doped with Ni, when compared to pure ones, were found to have more
optical bandgap energy.
Stone consolidation: a critical discussion of theoretical insights and field practice
Authors: Praticò Ylenia , Caruso Francesco , Delgado Rodrigues José , Girardet Fred , Sassoni Enrico , Scherer George W. , Vergès-Belmin Véronique , Weiss Norman R. , Wheeler George , Flatt Robert J. 
Published: April 2020

Stone consolidants have been extensively used for the preservation of historical structures since the 19th century. However, their true effectiveness in practice is often a source of debate, largely because of known cases where badly chosen treatments were unsuccessful, or even caused an accelerated degradation of the substrate. Researchers have therefore strived to better understand, and possibly predict, the behavior of consolidants on-site, in order to assist practitioners in their decision making. Despite the large number of publications available on the subject, however, the contribution of scientific research for practical applications remains scarce.
Reasons for this include the limited accessibility of scientific publications and the lack of documentation or preparatory studies from the field. This unfortunately compromises the knowledge exchange between researchers and practitioners, which we consider to be a main challenge that this field must overcome.
The target of this letter is to reconnect the critical problems identified on-site through practical experience with the conceptual research outcomes that could help solve them. For this, we present an informed evaluation of the most needed research, along with a synthetic overview of the insights that scientific research can offer in terms of consolidant selection, application and monitoring.
The praxis of project-based learning at PIKA Vocational Secondary School Semarang
Authors: Noviansyah Wahyu , Sudira Putu 
Published: April 2020

The aims of this study is to find out the praxis of project-based learning at PIKA Vocational Secondary School Semarang and to identify the advantages and the disadvantages. The design of this research is qualitative case study. The data collection techniques were in-depth interview, participant observation, and document analysis. The informants of this study were: principal, viceprincipal, teachers, employees, and students. The results of this study showed that: (1) there were two patterns of project-based learning at PIKA VSS Semarang. The first pattern was learning for internal internship program and the second was learning productive practice program. (2) The advantages of project-based learning were: (a) it trained the students’ sense of entrepreneurship; (b) it developed’ learning motivation; (c) it gave a complete, real and contextual learning experience; and (d) it developed the students’hardskills and softskills. The disadvantages of Project-based Learning were: (a) it required the acquisition competencies to perform project assignments; (b) it took times; (c) it required high operational costs; (d) it required adequate facilities.
PROCESSO HISTÓRICO DE FORMAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA DO TRABALHO NO BRASIL: DO CONSELHO NACIONAL DO TRABALHO AO TRIBUNAL SUPERIOR DO TRABALHO
Authors: CABRAL Rafael Lamera Giesta , PEREIRA Eddla Karina Gomes , CHAVES Vitória Virna Girão 
Published: April 2020

RESUMO A evolução da legislação trabalhista e previdenciária brasileira, desde a Primeira República até 1930, pode ser compreendida a partir da história de suas instituições. Trabalho e previdência social estão inseridas em um contexto de mudanças complexas que incorporaram mecanismos administrativos e judicantes para efetivaras leis até então elaboradas. Como primeira instituição, surge, em 1923, o Conselho Nacional do Trabalho (CNT), órgão inicialmente consultivo, cujas funções ampliaramse até assumir um caráter jurídico, sendo transformado em Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST). Neste artigo, busca-se, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, analisar os principais pontos dessa transformação, partindo de uma perspectiva histórica e da hipótese de que essa transição trouxe forte influência para a compreensão social da Justiça do Trabalho. Observa-se que o CNT foi essencial para criar procedimentos e argumentos que são utilizados no âmbito da Justiça do Trabalho, possuindo uma contribuição histórica significativa para a ampliação e fortalecimento do Direito do Trabalho. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Conselho Nacional do Trabalho; Justiça do Trabalho; Tribunal Superior do Trabalho. ABSTRACTThe evolution of the Brazilian labor and social security legislation – from the First Republic until 1930 –can be understood from the history of its institutions. Work and social security are embedded in a context of complex changes that incorporatedmanagerial and judicial mechanisms to implement the laws that have been elaborated. In this context, the National Labor Council (CNT) was created in 1923, an initial advisory body, whose functions were extended to a legal status and transformed into a Superior Labor Court (TST). In this article, we aim to analyze – through bibliographical and documentary research – the main points of this transformation, starting from a historical perspective and the hypothesis that this transition brought a strong influence on the social understanding of Labor Justice. It was noted that the CNT was essential to create procedures and arguments that are used in the scope of Labor Justice. The CNT also had a significant historical contribution to the expansion and strengthening of Labor Law. KEYWORDS: National Labor Council; The Labor Court; Superior Labor Court.
FEDERALISMO FISCAL NO BRASIL: DA TEORIA FEDERALISTA À CRISE ECONÔMICA
Authors: OLIVEIRA Emerson Ademir Borges de , ROSSIGNOLI Marisa 
Published: April 2020

RESUMOEste trabalho objetiva discutir importantes momentos do federalismo brasileiro e apontar alguns elementos para o debate sobre as questões federativas em momentos de crise e queda da arrecadação conforme o vivenciado pelo Brasil. Primeiramente, prima por explorar a teoria federalista, seguida de um aprofundamento quanto ao federalismo fiscal brasileiro. Oportunamente, passa a estabelecer críticas ao modelo de federalismo fiscal centrífugo, mormente no contexto atual de crise econômica. Reconhece no sistema fiscal brasileiro um significativo impeditivo a um federalismo de equilíbrio, com a necessidade de busca de recursos pelos entes federativos em relação à União, situação geradora de distúrbios democráticos e problemas institucionais. O método é o dedutivo e a pesquisa bibliográfica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crise econômica; Distribuição vertical de recursos; Federalismo Fiscal. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to discuss important moments of Brazilian federalism and to point out some elements for the debate on federative issues in times of crisis and fall in revenue as experienced by Brazil. First of all, it is necessary to explore federalist theory, followed by a deepening of Brazilian fiscal federalism. It is expanded by considerations of revenue breakdowns, revenue unbundling, contribution creation, fiscal warfare, corrupting effects of the federal tax system, and taxpayer legal uncertainty. It recognizes in the Brazilian tax system a significant impediment to a balanced federalism, with the need to seek resources from the federative entities in relation to the Union, a situation that generates democratic disturbances and institutional problems. Opportunely, it begins to criticize the centrifugal fiscal federalism model, especially in the current context of economic crisis. The method is deductive and bibliographic research.KEYWORDS: Economic crisis; Vertical distribution of resources; Fiscal Federalism.