bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ℓ2–ℓ∞ proportional–integral observer design for systems with mixed time‐delays under round–robin protocol
Authors: Zhao Di , Wang Zidong , Wei Guoliang , Alsaadi Fuad E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, the design problem of ℓ2–ℓ∞ proportional–integral observer (PIO) is investigated for a class of discrete‐time systems with mixed time‐delays. The mixed time‐delays comprise both the discrete time‐varying delays and infinitely distributed delays. The round–robin protocol (RRP) is employed to schedule the data transmissions from the sensors to the observer so as to mitigate the communication burden and prevent the data collisions. A novel PIO is developed whose observer gain is dependent on the data transmission order as a reflection of the effects induced by the RRP scheduling. By resorting to the token‐dependent Lyapunov functional and the matrix inequality technique, the desired PIO is designed with exponentially stable error dynamics of the state estimation and guaranteed ℓ2–ℓ∞ disturbance attenuation/resistance capacity. Finally, a simulation example is exploited to verify the validity of the proposed observer design method.
Getunnelte subkutane endoskopische Unterdrucktherapie
Authors: Müller J. , Müller C. , Loske G. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Bei einer 69-jährigen Patientin kam es nach Umwandlung eines doppelläufigen in ein endständiges Kolostoma zu einer Wundheilungsstörung, welche aufgrund der Nähe zum Stoma schwer zu behandeln war. Wir entwickelten eine getunnelte subkutane endoskopische Unterdrucktherapie, um die Wunde verschlossen zu halten, sodass eine uneingeschränkte Funktion des Stomas möglich blieb.

Methode
Es wurden drei verschiedene offenporige Schlauchdrainagen verwendet. An das distale Ende einer Magensonde wurde entweder ein offenporiger PU-Schwamm (OPD), eine dünne, doppellagige Drainagefolie (OFD) oder ein mit der Drainagefolie umhüllter PU-Schwamm (OPFD) mittels Naht fixiert. Diese Drainagetypen unterscheiden sich im Durchmesser sowie in der Ansaugwirkung auf das Wundgewebe. Der parastomale Abszess wurde chirurgisch eröffnet und gespült. Daraufhin konnte der offenporige PU-Schwamm in die Wunde eingebracht werden. Der Unterdruckschlauch wurde über eine kleine Inzision wundfern ausgeleitet. Nach Wundverschluss per Naht konnte die Stomaplatte problemlos aufgeklebt werden. Ein Vakuum mit −125 mm Hg wurde etabliert. Die weiteren Verbandswechsel beinhalteten eine endoskopische Inspektion. Bei den erstmaligen Verbandswechseln von großporiger OPD und kleinporigerer OPFD musste die Wunde neu eröffnet und wieder chirurgisch verschlossen werden. Bei sauberen, granulierenden Wundverhältnissen wurde das Verbandsregime auf die kleinlumige OFD rotiert. Dieser Drainagetyp konnte ausschließlich endoskopisch gewechselt werden, eine weitere Wunderöffnung war nicht mehr notwendig.

Ergebnis
Durch die OPD konnte initial ein großflächiges Débridement und eine Wundverkleinerung erreicht werden, die Wunde musste für die Verbandswechsel jedoch wiedereröffnet werden. Auch bei der folgenden OPFD wurde die Wunde für den Verbandswechsel erneut eröffnet. Die doppellagige Folie um den PU-Schwamm führte hier zu einer geringeren Ansaugwirkung. Letztlich wurde mit der OFD eine rein endoskopisch zu versorgende Drainage etabliert, die keine weitere Manipulation an der Haut erforderte. Nach 16 Tagen endete die Therapie mit einer ausgeheilten Wunde und problemloser Stomaversorgung.
Evaluation des Projekts zur Einführung von Laienreanimation an Schulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Felzen Marc , Schröder Hanna , Beckers Stefan K. , Böttiger Bernd W. , Rott Nadine , Koch-Schultze Ruth , Wingen Sabine , Meißner Andreas , Santowski Iris , Picker Olaf , Rahe-Meyer Niels , Dumcke Rico , Wegner Claas , van Aken Hugo , Gottschalk Antje , Weber Oliver , Rossaint Rolf 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Wiederbelebungsunterricht ist nicht in allen Schulen Deutschlands verpflichtend, dieser beschränkt sich trotz niedriger Laienreanimationsrate aktuell auf einzelne, z. T verpflichtende Projekte in unterschiedlichen Bundesländern. Aus diesem Grunde hat das Ministerium für Schule und Bildung Nordrhein-Westfalen per Runderlass im März 2017 das Projekt „Laienreanimation an Schulen in NRW“ initiiert.

Fragestellung
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Evaluation dieses Projekts.

Material und Methoden
Alle weiterführenden Schulen in Nordrhein-Westfalen wurden zur Teilnahme am Projekt eingeladen. Aus jedem Regierungsbezirk nahmen ärztliche Partner teil, welche Wiederbelebungstrainings mit bereits bestehenden Konzepten zum Lehrer- oder Schülertraining durchführten. Nach einer 3‑jährigen Laufzeit erfolgte die Evaluation anhand von standardisierten Fragebögen für Schuldezernenten, Lehrer und Schüler.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten durch das Projekt mehr als 40.000 Schüler aus 249 Schulen in NRW mit 6 unterschiedlichen Konzepten in Wiederbelebung trainiert werden. Fragen bezüglich Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen konnten durch 85 % der Schüler richtig beantwortet werden. Die Schüler fühlen sich insgesamt sicher in Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen. Der Investitionsbedarf für alle Schulen liegt bei einmalig zwischen 4 und 6,5 Mio. € sowie rund 340.000 € in jedem Haushaltsjahr.

Diskussion
Eine gesetzliche Verpflichtung und Finanzierung von Wiederbelebungstrainings sind unerlässlich für eine flächendeckende Durchführung. Alle durchgeführten Konzepte sind effektiv, dementsprechend kann jede Schule ein auf ihre Bedürfnisse abgestimmtes Konzept auswählen und dieses bestenfalls gestuft anwenden. Die Schulung von Lehrern sollte gezielt auf Wiederbelebung ausgerichtet sein.
Non-local mean denoising using multiple PET reconstructions
Authors: Arabi Hossein , Zaidi Habib 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesNon-local mean (NLM) filtering has been broadly used for denoising of natural and medical images. The NLM filter relies on the redundant information, in the form of repeated patterns/textures, in the target image to discriminate the underlying structures/signals from noise. In PET (or SPECT) imaging, the raw data could be reconstructed using different parameters and settings, leading to different representations of the target image, which contain highly similar structures/signals to the target image contaminated with different noise levels (or properties). In this light, multiple-reconstruction NLM filtering (MR-NLM) is proposed, which relies on the redundant information provided by the different reconstructions of the same PET data (referred to as auxiliary images) to conduct the denoising process.MethodsImplementation of the MR-NLM approach involved the use of twelve auxiliary PET images (in addition to the target image) reconstructed using the same iterative reconstruction algorithm with different numbers of iterations and subsets. For each target voxel, the patches of voxels at the same location are extracted from the auxiliary PET images based on which the NLM denoising process is conducted. Through this, the exhaustive search scheme performed in the conventional NLM method to find similar patches of voxels is bypassed. The performance evaluation of the MR-NLM filter was carried out against the conventional NLM, Gaussian and bilateral post-reconstruction approaches using the experimental Jaszczak phantom and 25 whole-body PET/CT clinical studies.ResultsThe signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the experimental Jaszczak phantom study improved from 25.1 when using Gaussian filtering to 27.9 and 28.8 when the conventional NLM and MR-NLM methods were applied (pvalue < 0.05), respectively. Conversely, the Gaussian filter led to quantification bias of 35.4%, while NLM and MR-NLM approaches resulted in a bias of 32.0% and 31.1% (pvalue < 0.05), respectively. The clinical studies further confirm the superior performance of the MR-NLM method, wherein the quantitative bias measured in malignant lesions (hot spots) decreased from − 12.3 ± 2.3% when using the Gaussian filter to − 3.5 ± 1.3% and − 2.2 ± 1.2% when using the NLM and MR-NLM approaches (pvalue < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionThe MR-NLM approach exhibited promising performance in terms of noise suppression and signal preservation for PET images, thus translating into higher SNR compared to the conventional NLM approach. Despite the promising performance of the MR-NLM approach, the additional computational burden owing to the requirement of multiple PET reconstruction still needs to be addressed.
Polytypism of Cronstedtite From Nagybörzsöny, Hungary
Authors: Hybler Jiří , Dolníček Zdeněk , Sejkora Jiří , Števko Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study provides an example of the accurate identification of polytypes of trioctahedral 1:1 layered silicates from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected with the aid of a four-circle diffractometer equipped with an area detector. Single crystals of the mineral cronstedtite from the Nagybörzsöny gold ore deposit, northern Hungary, were studied. The chemical composition of some crystals was determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The precession-like images of the reciprocal space (RS) sections created by the diffractometer software and presented in the study were used to determine the OD (ordered-disordered) subfamilies (Bailey’s groups A, B, C, D) and particular polytypes. With one exception, all crystals studied belong to subfamily A. The rare polytype 1M, a = 5.51, b = 9.54, c = 7.33 Å, β = 104.5°, space group Cm is relatively abundant in this occurrence. Another polytype 3T, a = 5.51, c = 21.32 Å, space group P31 was also found. Both polytypes occur separately or in mixed, mostly 1M dominant crystals. Some 1M polytype crystals are twinned by order 3 reticular merohedry with a 120° rotation along the chex axis as the twin operation. A rare 1M+3T mixed crystal with 1M part twinned also contains a small amount of subfamily C. A possible presence of the most common 1T polytype of this subfamily cannot be confirmed because of overlap of the characteristic reflections with those of 3T. Several completely disordered crystals produced diffuse streaks instead of discrete characteristic reflections on the RS sections. The EPMA revealed Fe, Si, traces of Mg, Al, S, and Cl. One black crystal originally considered to be cronstedtite was identified as (111) twinned sphalerite. Some crystals of cronstedtite are covered partially by a honey-brown crust or small crystals of siderite.
Self-employment as a stepping stone to better labor market matching: a comparison between immigrants and natives
Authors: Ulceluse Magdalena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper investigates the relation between overeducation and self-employment, in a comparative analysis between immigrants and natives. Using the EU Labour Force Survey for the year 2012 and controlling for a list of demographic characteristics and general characteristics of 30 destination countries, it finds that the likelihood of being overeducated decreases for self-employed immigrants, with inconclusive results for self-employed natives. The results shed light on the extent to which immigrants adjust to labor market imperfections and barriers to employment and might help explain the higher incidence of self-employment that immigrants exhibit, when compared to natives. This is the first study to systematically study the nexus between overeducation and self-employment in a comparative framework. Moreover, the paper tests the robustness of the results by employing two different measures of overeducation, contributing to the literature of the measurement of overeducation.
The impact of isolation precautions on caregiver-infant interactions in the neonatal intensive care unit: A case–control study
Authors: Gardea Rebekah C. , Petershack Matthew , Cantey Joseph B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis case–control study investigated the association between isolation precautions and the frequency of infant–caregiver interaction in the NICU. Interactions were discretely counted; cases and controls were matched by isolation status. Cases had fewer interactions than controls (median, 4 vs 8; P < .0001). Further research is needed to determine whether this reduction impacts patient outcomes.
Associations between cola consumption and bone mineral density in Korean adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008–2011
Authors: Kim Yun-A , Yoo Jun-Hyun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between cola consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adolescents and young adults. We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011. A total of 2499 adolescents and young adults aged 12–25 years were included. The study participants were classified as cola drinkers and non-cola drinkers according to 24-h dietary recall data. BMD was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. In the male population, whole body, whole femur and femoral neck BMD in cola drinkers were lower than that of non-cola drinkers by 4% (95% CI −0⋅071, −0⋅007), 5% (−0⋅092, −0⋅012) and 5% (−0⋅090, −0⋅001), respectively. In both sex groups, cola drinkers had less frequent milk consumption than non-cola drinkers. However, there were no significant differences in cola consumption according to calcium intake in both sexes. In conclusion, cola intake and BMD were inversely associated with Korean male adolescents and young adults. Considering the importance of peak bone mass attainment at adolescents and the increasing trend in carbonated beverage consumption in South Korea, further studies are needed to elucidate the causality between cola intake and lower BMD.
Exceptional Subjects: Koreans, Settler Colonialism, and Imperial Subjecthood in the Russian Far East, 1860s–1917
Authors: Glebov Sergey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article traces debates and policies of the Russian imperial administrators toward the Korean population in the Far Eastern provinces of the Russian Empire. Koreans were initially treated as de facto members of the peasant estate, and in the 1890s many were granted the status of Russian subjects. Yet the rise of settler colonialism and a nationalizing empire from the 1880s, and especially after the Russian revolution of 1905, complicated the issue of Korean subjecthood and led to policies that excluded Koreans from the regulations normally applicable to peasants, such as the right to increased land allotments. At the same time, the neotraditionalist approach to the management of difference in the empire was still present in the 1910s, albeit never clearly articulated to compete with the nationalizing idiom.
Unique foetal diagnosis of aorto-pulmonary collaterals in right atrial isomerism
Authors: Mawad Wadi , Dutil Nathalie , Thakur Varsha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRight atrial isomerism is associated with complex cardiac malformations, particularly single-ventricle lesions; right atrial isomerism is rarely associated with aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries. We report a foetal diagnosis of right atrial isomerism, with an unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, total anomalous venous drainage, and significant aorto-pulmonary collaterals diagnosed at 22 weeks’ gestation.
Family caregivers’ perceived communication self-efficacy with physicians
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Kerr Anna M. , Goldsmith Joy V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveFamily-centered health care requires successful communication between patient, family caregivers, and healthcare providers. Among all providers, physicians are most likely to interact with caregivers. Using the Family Caregiver Communication Typology, this study examined perceived communication self-efficacy with physicians among four types of caregivers: Manager, Partner, Carrier, and Lone.MethodA cross-sectional online survey included the Family Communication Typology Tool, Communication Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, the Caregiver Quality of Life-Revised Index, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) questionnaire.ResultsAn online survey of 220 family caregivers currently caring for an adult family member revealed significant differences in communication self-efficacy among family caregiver communication types, revealing that Partner caregivers have the highest perceived communication self-efficacy, and that for some caregiver types, higher perceived communication self-efficacy is associated with certain quality of life dimensions.Significance of resultsDifferences in communication self-efficacy with physicians among the four caregiver communication types (Manager, Partner, Carrier, and Lone) provide further evidence that the typology represents variance in caregiver communication abilities. Development of future medical curricula targeting communication skill training should include an overview of the typology and communication strategies as these may increase effective communication between physicians and caregivers.
Provisional focal stenting of complex femoropopliteal lesions using the Multi-LOC multiple stent delivery system – 12-month results from the LOCOMOTIVE EXTENDED study
Authors: Amendt Klaus , Zeller Thomas , Proczka Robert , Beschorner Ulrich , Troisi Nicola , Waliszewski Matthias , Langhoff Ralf , Krankenberg Hans , Hansch Andreas , Krcmar Tomislav , Vidjak Vinko , Nolte-Ernsting Claus , Hansen Alexander , Sigl Martin 
Published: November 2020

Summary: Background: This study aimed to evaluate a Multiple Stent Delivery System for provisional focal stenting of the femoropopliteal artery. Patient and methods: The LOCOMOTIVE EXTENDED study (Multi-LOC for flOw liMiting Outcomes after plain old balloon angioplasty and/or drug-coated balloon Treatment in the infrainguinal position with the objectIVE to implant multiple stent segments) is a prospective, single-arm, multicentre observational study. The Multi-LOC Multiple Stent Delivery System (B.Braun, Melsungen, Germany) was used for provisional focal stenting of the femoropopliteal artery. We enrolled 357 patients with 449 femoropopliteal lesions; all had flow-limiting dissections or recoil following angioplasty. Eligibility included Rutherford classification 2 to 5 with a de novo or non-stented restenotic femoropopliteal lesion undergoing plain balloon or drug-coated balloon angioplasty. The 6- and 12-month efficacy endpoints encompassed target lesion revascularisation and primary patency rates. Results: The mean patient age was 71 ± 10 years. The mean lesion length was 16.0 ± 9.7 cm; 44.5% were TASC II C/D lesions and 31.4% were chronic total occlusions. By operator choice, 45% of the patients underwent drug-coated balloon angioplasty. On average, 4.0 stents (each 13 mm long) were placed in each lesion, resulting in a scaffolding proportion of 56% of the total lesion length with a technical success rate of 98.3%. At 6 and 12 months, the freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularisation was 95.5% and 88.7% and the primary patency rates were 88.7% and 82.3%, respectively. At 12 months, significant improvements were noted in Rutherford categories and ankle-brachial indices. In multiple regression analyses, both diabetes mellitus and no distal run-off vessel showed a trend toward worse TLR, while other factors such as DCB predilation or the lesion length were not predictive. Conclusions: The LOCOMOTIVE EXTENDED study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the Multi-LOC stent system for focal provisional stenting of complex femoropopliteal lesions.
Urban Scaling as Validation for Predictions of Imperviousness From Population
Authors: Brelsford Christa , Coon Ethan T. , Moran Edward , Allen‐Dumas Melissa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStrategies for creating quantitative projections for human systems, especially impervious surfaces, are necessary to consider the human drivers of climate and ecosystem change. There are models that generate predictions of how impervious surfaces may change in response to different potential futures, but few tools exist for validating those predictions. We seek to fill that gap. We demonstrate a statistically robust sublinear scaling relationship between population and urban imperviousness across a 15 year history. We show that Integrated Climate and Land‐Use Scenarios (ICLUS) urbanization projections are also consistent with theory. These results demonstrate a theory that can be used to validate other models' predictions of urban growth and land cover change, analogous to the ways in which allometric scaling laws in biology have been used to validate process‐based models of ecosystem composition under different climate scenarios.
Thermokarst Disturbance Drives Concentration and Composition of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Lakes of the Western Canadian Arctic
Authors: Thienpont Joshua R. , Eickmeyer David C. , Kimpe Linda E. , Blais Jules M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen assessing the environmental impact of petroleum hydrocarbon exploitation, it can be challenging to differentiate anthropogenic from natural hydrocarbon sources. For example, areas underlain by permafrost may be affected by erosion of hydrocarbon‐rich deposits from thermokarst activity, complicating environmental assessments of human impacts from petroleum extraction. Here we examined polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and metals in sediment cores from lakes affected to varying degrees by thawing permafrost. We used a paired‐lake design on lakes with pronounced shoreline retrogressive thaw slumps and compared them to nearby lakes in undisturbed (no retrogressive thaw slump) systems in the Mackenzie Delta uplands (Northwest Territories, Canada). Total organic carbon (TOC)‐normalized concentrations of parent and alkylated PACs were higher in surface sediments of slump‐affected lakes. Slump‐affected lakes were also enriched in metals related to local shale‐based, Quaternary deposits (e.g., Ca, Sr, and Mn) when compared to reference lakes where surficial materials were not exposed by thermokarst activity. Diagnostic ratios of specific PACs suggested that slump‐affected lakes also had a greater influence from petroleum‐based compounds, likely sourced from the local geology. Higher PAC concentrations and petrogenic composition were best explained as a combination of low TOC availability and increased inputs of previously bound hydrocarbons from the catchment due to permafrost erosion.
White matter microarchitecture and structural network integrity correlate with children intelligence quotient
Authors: Suprano Ilaria , Kocevar Gabriel , Stamile Claudio , Hannoun Salem , Fourneret Pierre , Revol Olivier , Nusbaum Fanny , Sappey-Marinier Dominique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe neural substrate of high intelligence performances remains not well understood. Based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which provides microstructural information of white matter fibers, we proposed in this work to investigate the relationship between structural brain connectivity and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Fifty-seven children (8–12 y.o.) underwent a MRI examination, including conventional T1-weighted and DTI sequences, and neuropsychological testing using the fourth edition of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), providing an estimation of the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) based on four subscales: verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), and processing speed index (PSI). Correlations between the IQ scores and both graphs and diffusivity metrics were explored. First, we found significant correlations between the increased integrity of WM fiber-bundles and high intelligence scores. Second, the graph theory analysis showed that integration and segregation graph metrics were positively and negatively correlated with WISC-IV scores, respectively. These results were mainly driven by significant correlations between FSIQ, VCI, and PRI and graph metrics in the temporal and parietal lobes. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that intelligence performances are related to the integrity of WM fiber-bundles as well as the density and homogeneity of WM brain networks.