bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, risk-inducing lifestyle, and perceived susceptibility to kidney diseases by gender among Nigerians residents in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Ewomazino Akokuwebe Monica , Odimegwu Clifford , Omololu Femi 
Published: September 2020

Background: Kidney disease (KD) is increasingly recognized as a major public health problem worldwide with rising inci- dence and prevalence. Early identification of KD risk factors will slow down progression to kidney failure and death.
Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk-inducing lifestyle and perceived susceptibility among Nigerians in South-west- ern Nigeria.
Methods: A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to draw information on socio-demographic, knowledge, risk-inducing lifestyle and perceived susceptibility to conventional risk factors of KD from 1757 residents aged ≥15 years.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 47.61±13.0 years with a male-female ratio of 1.13:1. Knowledge of KD was low (mean score 2.29; 95% CI: 2.18, 2.32). The prevalence of some established KD risk factors was regular use of herbal medications, 26.8% and physical inactivity, 70.0%. Females with factors such as use of herbal drink [RRR: 1.56; CI=1.06- 2.30; p=0.02] and smoking [RRR: 2.72; CI=1.37-5.37; p=0.00] predicted increased odds of perceived susceptibility to KD than their male counterparts.
Conclusion: The prevalence of KD risk-inducing lifestyles was high. More emphasis should be placed on effective public health programmes towards behavioural change in order to adopt lifestyle modification as well as to reduce the tendency to develop KD.
Keywords: Kidney disease; risk-inducing lifestyles; perceived susceptibility.
Weight reduction improves immune system and inflammatory cytokines in obese asthmatic patients
Authors: M Al-Sharif Fadwah , M Abd El-Kader Shehab , A Neamatallah Ziyad , M AlKhateeb Afnan 
Published: September 2020

Background: Activation of immunological and systemic inflammation markers are common in obesity and asthma.
Objective: The target of this study was to assess impact of weight reduction on immunological and systemic inflammation markers in obese asthma patients.
Material and methods: Eighty asthmatic patients of both sex; their age and body mass index (BMI) mean were 38.72 ± 7.14 year and 32.65 ± 3.18 Kg/m2 respectively. Exclusion criteria included smokers, infections, vaccinations, cancer, surgery, immune system disorders and medications that may influence immune system function as anti-inflammatory medications, analgesics and anti-depressant. All subjects were randomly enrolled in weight reduction group (group A) or control group (group B).
Results: The main findings in the present study indicated that weight reducing program in group (A) was associated with significant reduction in the mean values of IL6, TNF-α, and IL8 in addition to significant increase in the mean values of CD4 and CD8 cell count . However, findings of group (B) showed no significant changes. Moreover, Comparison between both groups at the end of the study revealed significant differences.
Conclusion: Weight reduction improved immunological and systemic inflammation markers in obese asthma patients.
Keywords: Bronchial asthma; cytokines; obesity; immune system; weight reduction.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in HIV positive patients attending a health institution in southeast Nigeria
Authors: Dorothy Nnakenyi Ifeyinwa , Uchechukwu Chisom , Nto-ezimah Uloaku 
Published: September 2020

Background: The health of people living with HIV/AIDS becomes progressively worse when co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), resulting in shortened life span. The modes of transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV are similar.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection in HIV patients.
Method: This was a retrospective study of serology test results for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) of HIV positive patients registered from 2008-2013 (6years) at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospi- tal. Adult patients with confirmed HIV seropositivity were included. Ethical approval was obtained and confidentiality of the patient information was maintained. Laboratory records were reviewed to obtain HBsAg, anti-HCV, and CD4 T-lymphocyte results. Prevalence was determined by the number of positive results over total number of patients tested. Chi-square test was used to determine relationships and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: 4663 HIV patient records were included comprising 3024 (65%) females and 1639 (35%) males. Serology results showed 365/4663 (7.8%) tested HBsAg-positive only; 219/4663 (4.7%) tested anti-HCV-positive only; and 27/4663 (0.58%) tested both HBsAg and anti-HCV-positive. Correlation of age and sex were statistically significant with HBV and HCV (p<0.05) but not CD4 count (p>0.05).
Conclusion: HBV co-infection was more prevalent than HCV, and triple infection was also observed. Screening for these viral infections in the HIV population is necessary for early identification to enable appropriate, holistic management of these patients.
Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C virus; HIV; co-infection.
Implementing electronic health system in Nigeria: perspective assessment in a specialist hospital
Authors: Gabriel Alobo Igbo , Soyannwo Tolulope , Ukponwan Godwin , Akogu Simon , Matthew Akpa Abubakar , Ayankola Kazeem 
Published: September 2020

Background: Perspectives on the pioneering work of Electronic Health Recording (EHR) system in Nigeria was studied.
Objectives: To determine health workers perception, challenges, motivation and satisfaction with EHR.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional study using structured questionnaire to assess health workers perspec- tive on EHR system at Kogi State Specialist Hospital.
Results: A total of 35 consenting health workers with an mean age of 39.4(± 7.6) years using EHR were assessed. The mean daily work hour was 8.0(± 2.4 hours) and median client load per participant was 20 daily. On perceptions, 74.3%, 52.9%, 45.5% and 60.0% were comfortable, well-motivated, satisfied and competent with EHR. The advantages were re- duction in transcription cost (88.5%), Paper work (97.1%), administrative cost (91.4%), errors (82.9%) and it captures, provides more services including timely access and ease research in 94.3%, 74.3%, 94.3% and 82.9% respectively. Challenges were threat to patient privacy, poor internet, information overload, power outages, incomplete and inac- curate information in 17.0%, 65.7%, 31.5%, 62.9%, 37.1% and 22.9% respectively.
Conclusion: Health workers were comfortable and satisfied with EHR and it eased their work.Scaling up EHR would reduce administrative cost, transcription errors and paper works to mitigate poor quality data from Nigeria a great contributor to global morbidities/mortalities
Keywords: Electronic health records; perception; Kogi state; Nigeria.
Level of education and preferred language of informed consent for clinical research in a multi-lingual community
Authors: Muzanyi Grace , Sekitoleko Isaac , L Johnson John , Lunkuse Jane , Nalugwa Gladys , Nassali Joanita , Kaawa Mafigiri David 
Published: September 2020

Background: Low education levels and language barriers present challenges in obtaining informed consent for clinical research.
Objective: To describe and correlate the association between the level of education and the participant’s preferred language of consent.
Design: Descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study.
Participants: Adults being consented for participation in tuberculosis(TB) research studies in an East African community with varying levels of education.
Procedures: We analyzed data on demographic and educational characteristics collected from adults being consented for participation in TB studies .Only participants who could understand and speak Luganda (the main local language) or English ( the official language of Uganda) were included in this analysis.
Results: A total of 523 participants were consented between April 2015 and December 2017 and included in this analysis; 250 below Senior four (< 11yrs of education), 114 senior four (at 11yrs of education),73 senior five-senior six (12-13yrs of education) and 86 beyond senior six (> 13yrs of education). We noted that the preference for English rises with the rising levels of education and peaked at beyond senior six (83%Vs17%,OR=49,95%CI:22.8-106.3,p<0.001).Participants below senior four preferred Luganda Vs senior four and above(OR=16.9,95%CI:9.9-28.8,p<0.001)
Conclusion: Rising education levels of participants were associated with preference for English language usage during ini- tial consent for clinical research studies.
Keywords: Level of education; preferred language; informed consent; multi-lingual community.
Five years after commencing the objective structured clinical examination: are we getting it right? Medical students’ assessment as the measuring index
Authors: Ukadike Okugbo Stanley , Agbonrofo Peter , Irowa Omorodion 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess our use of OSCE from the perception of final year medical students.
Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional survey of final year medical students undergoing the final examination in Surgery. All 102 medical students in the class were given the self-administered questionnaire to fill. The data were collated into excel spreadsheets and analysed using the SPSS version 21.
Results: A total of 79 completed questionnaires were retrieved (return rate of 78%). All the students knew about and had participated previously in OSCE, 94.9% accorded the OSCE fair. 76(93.2%) wanted the examination as the main method of clinical assessment, 38(46.6%) had adequate preparation. In terms of the OSCE stations not mirroring real clinical scenarios, 38(48.1%) disagreed, and 26(20.5%) strongly disagreed. 34(43%) disagreeing that the logistics was poor. The students rating of the OSCE, on a scale of 1 - 10, gave a mean score of >8 for spread of the OSCE stations, detail of the questions and objectivity of the examination. The nearness to clinical reality was rated as 7.52 with artificiality of the stations rated as 4.12.
Conclusion: The OSCE has gained acceptance amongst final year medical students.
Keyword: Clinical examination; medical students assessment; measuring index.
Improving blood transfusion safety in resource-poor countries: a case study of using leucocyte reduced blood in Uganda
Authors: Dhabangi Aggrey , Musisi Ezra , Kyeyune Dorothy 
Published: September 2020

Background: The majority of blood transfusion safety strategies recommended by the WHO for resource-poor countries focus mainly on reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Other technologies such as leucocyte reduc- tion may represent complementary strategies for improving transfusion safety.
Objective: To evaluate the role of using leucocyte reduced blood in a resource-poor country.
Methods: Pre-storage leucocyte reduced (LR) red blood cells (RBCs) were specially prepared for the Tissue Oxygenation by Transfusion in severe Anaemia and Lactic acidosis (TOTAL) study, at the Uganda Blood Transfusion Services from Feb- ruary 2013 through May 2015. Quality control tests were performed to evaluate the procedure, and the incremental cost of an LR–RBC unit was estimated.
Results: A total of 608 RBCs units were leucocyte reduced. Quality control tests were performed on 55 random RBCs units. The median (IQR) residual leucocyte count was 4 (0•5-10) WBC/uL, equivalent to 1•8x106 WBC per unit. The estimated incremental unit cost of leucocyte reduction was $37 USD per LR RBC unit.
Conclusion: Leucocyte reduction of blood in a resource-poor country is doable although relatively costly. As such, its value in resource-poor countries should be weighed against other transfusion safety propositions.
Keywords: Blood transfusion safety; leucocyte reduction; resource-poor countries.
A systematic review of epidemiological patterns and proposed interventions to address pediatric burns in Nigeria
Authors: Banerjee Srikanta , Shumba Constance 
Published: September 2020

Background: Unintentional injuries from burns comprise a significant proportion of public health morbidity in Nigeria. In order to understand the type and impact of burns on youth in Low-and-Middle-Income countries, the epidemiology of burns must be adequately assessed.
Methods: This review describes the epidemiological patterns of burn occurrences in the pediatric populations and pro- poses interventions using the Haddon Matrix to address injuries in specific populations in Nigeria. A literature search was conducted using the Proquest, CINAHL, and PubMed databases at the Johns Hopkins University library (January 1, 1990 to August 14, 2018), on burns or thermal injury among pediatric populations in Nigeria. The review focused on the forms of injury, risk factors and potential interventions.
Results: Ten studies were identified and the main risk factors for burns were socioeconomic status, overcrowding, and involving young girls in traditional cooking roles. The main types of injuries include scald injuries (50%) and fire burns (45%) affecting mainly children aged 14 and below with significant regional epidemiological variations. We created a novel intervention to develop countermeasures and reduce the number of pediatric burns based on biological, physical and soci- ocultural environment.
Conclusion: Interventions such as improved supervision of children, improved emergency infrastructure and culturally sensitive first aid education and treatment can help ensure a reduction in morbidity and mortality resulting from burns. Epidemiological studies can provide an accurate depiction of the burden of burn injuries in different regions of Nigeria.
Keywords: Burns; unintentional injury; flame injuries; interventions; injury prevention; epidemiology.
Consumption of psychotropic medicines at a referral hospital Namibia: findings and implications
Authors: N Kafula Maria , Ugburo Emmanuel , Kibuule Dan 
Published: September 2020

Setting: In Namibia, the burden of mental illnesses is estimated at 25.6% and is expected to double by 2025. Few studies in sub-Saharan Africa estimate the consumption rates of psychotropic medicines as a proxy of irrational use.
Aim: The consumption rate of psychotropic medicines at a referral hospital was determined.
Method: A hospital-based retrospective medicine utilization analysis of Facility Electronic Stock Card (FESC) psychotropic medication was conducted at Intermediate Hospital Katutura over a 7 year period, 2011-2017. Data on consumption and expenditure on psychotropic medicines were abstracted from FESC and analysed using descriptive statistics in SPSS v22. The main outcomes were consumption rates, daily Defined Dose, (DDD) and/or expenditure.
Results: Of the 580 351,4 DDD of psychotropic medicines consumed, 84% were anti-psychotics, 9.2% anti-depressants and 6.8% anxiolytics. Anti-psychotics (48.8%) and anxiolytics (47.9%) had the highest consumption by cost relative to anti- depressants (3.3%). The most consumed antidepressants were imipramine (62%) by DDD and fluoxetine (55.8%) by cost. The most consumed anti-psychotics were chlorpromazine (74.6%) by DDD and haloperidol (68.4%) by cost respectively. Diazepam (79.4%) and hydroxyzine (94.2%) were most consumed sedative-hypnotics by DDD and cost respectively.
Conclusion: The consumption of new psychotropics contributes to higher costs. There is need for cost-effectiveness anal- ysis of new versus conventional psychotropics to optimize treatment, outcomes and costs.
Keywords: Pyschotropics, consumption rate, DDD, Namibia.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM PHÂN BỐ, MỨC ĐỘ TÁC ĐỘNG VÀ CON ĐƯỜNG PHÁT TÁN CỦA LOÀI BÌM BÔI HOA VÀNG (Merremia boisiana) TẠI HUYỆN A LƯỚI TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Hợi Nguyễn , Đức Trần Minh , Thắng Trần Nam , Nguyên Hồ Đăng , Diễn Đinh 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Bim boi hoa vang (Merremia boisiana) becomes more abundant in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province. This study identified the distribution of the species impacts on the habitats, and the dispersal paths. Through transect and standard plot surveys, we identified 12 species, of which 5 invasive alien species and 7 highly invasive plant species. Among these 12 species, Bim boi hoa vang has the highest impact on the habitat. They appears in most of the habitats, except for the pristine and rich forests. Distributing in clusters, they are mainly mature trees with an average root diameter of 4 - 5cm, main body length of about 20 - 30 m. They are creating a double repercussion that benefits themselves and harmful to the other species within the habitat. They significantly reduced the number of prospective trees. They can also create other adverse conditions such as doubling the fallen branches and leaves; increasing 3 times the difference in light amplitude; increasing the ratio of secondary organisms and decomposing up to 3 - 4 times higher than in uncovered places. This species can be dispersed by wind, water, animals, human activity and self-dispersing, most feasible by the wind.
ASSOCIATION OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Sadiqa Ayesha , Cheema Abdul Majeed 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT Aim of this review was to publish a brief literature review based on recent studies, highlighting the association of chronic periodontitis with cardiovascular ailments. A comprehensive literature study was completed by using two databases and one search engine namely: ‘MEDLINE’, ‘PUBMED’ and ‘GOOGLE SCHOLAR’ respectively. The referenced literature comprised of observational and case studies, systematic reviews, randomized control trials and short communications. Etiological pathophysiology, significance of the association and common mediators of periodontitis as well as cardiovascular diseases were briefly described. Epidemiological studies declared the causative role of chronic periodontitis in cardiovascular pathologies. Periodontal flora and its toxins have been linked to atherosclerosis. Common immune-inflammatory mediators possessed a significant role in the pathogenesis of heart-vascular pathologies. Periodontitis has been considered as an independent risk factor for the initiation and aggravation of cardiovascular ailments. However, by using primary periodontal measures, the chances of periodontitis can be minimized and the risk for cardiovascular diseases can be controlled. Keywords: Chronic Periodontitis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Association.
Peran Dan Tantangan BPR (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat) Saat Ini
Authors: Asmara Jaya I Gst. Ngr. Alit 
Published: September 2020

According to Law no. 07 of 1992 concerning Banking, there are 2 types of banks in Indonesia, namely Commercial Banks and BPRs. BPR in Indonesia as of November 2019 according to the Indonesian Banking Statistics Report, amounting to 1,552. Looking at the history of its establishment, BPRs have existed since the colonial era and have close relationships with rural / small communities. Given this, to improve services to the community, with government policies through Pakto 88 and Kepres No. 38 of 1988 regarding the establishment of BPR made easier.Currently, BPRs face tough challenges amid the rapidly changing external industrial environment such as competition, government policies, macroeconomic conditions, fintech developments and others. This development has indirectly reduced the profitability performance of rural banks over the past 5 years. However, on the other hand, during the last 5 years, BPRs have been able to show business development and support real sector financing, especially MSMEs. This paper aims to analyze the challenges faced, the role and efforts to develop BPRs so that in the future BPRs will continue to develop and play a role in supporting the progress of the Indonesian economy.
Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Yang Dimediasi Oleh Perceived Value Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Ulang Pengguna Kartu Perdana Telkomsel
Authors: Murdani Ni Ketut , Ardani Ni Wayan , Pradnya Prayoga Kadek 
Published: September 2020

This study purposed to analyze the influence of mediated service quality perceived value on consumer repurchase decisions, and the difference between the effect of service quality and the effect of perceived value on the decision to repurchase Telkomsel starter cards. The sample in this study were 100 students from Denpasar City who used Telkomsel starter cards. By using the Convenience sampling method. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple regression analysis.The results of this study prove that service quality is not too influential on the decision to repurchase Telkomsel starter cards because consumers think more about the value of benefits than the services provided when using Telkomsel starter cards. Consumers only use services that are needed and if the service benefits them. There is a significant relationship between perceived value and the decision to repurchase Telkomsel starter cards.
Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (Lpd) Desa Pakraman Gegelang Kecamatan Manggis Kabupaten Karangasem
Authors: Anggreni Putri , Mulyani Putu Ari , Sri Parwati Ni Luh 
Published: September 2020

The Village Credit Institutions (LPD) is one of the financial institutions that are included in the category of non-bank financial institutions in every Pakraman village in the province of Bali. The purpose of this Researcher is to find out whether the Village Institute of Pakraman Gegelang, Manggis District, Karangasem Regency can achieve a healthy predicate or not by using guidelines or references in the Provincial Regulation of Bali Province No.4 of 2012 concerning the second amendment to the Provincial Regulation of Bali Province No.8 years 2002. This study uses descriptive methods because it tries to solve existing problems, data collection techniques used are observation, documentation, and interviews. The documentation method used in this study uses books, regulations, and other documents such as: Financial Reports and the Work Plan of the Pakraman Gegelang Village Credit Institution. The data analysis technique used is the analysis of financial ratios according to1n the Bali Provincial Regulation No.4 Year 2012. Based on the results of the analysis, the results of the study can be concluded that referring to the Bali Provincial Regulation No.4 of 2012. Regarding the Health Assessment Guidelines for Village Credit Institutions (LPD), the level of health at the Credit Institute in the Pakraman Gegelang Village can be rated "Healthy" with a score of 98, 6. Based on the results of the study, the advice can be given to the administrators of the Village Credit Institutions (LPD) Desa Pakraman Gegelang, is the LPD optimally manage productive assets and allocate productive assets to activities or businesses that can increase profits or SHU, for example at banks and other LPDs . LPDs must also be able to see the market opportunities that exist in lending, not only in one sector. In addition, it is necessary to schedule debt payments to other parties accompanied by available funds. In this way it is expected to prevent liquidity.