bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune cell regulation of the hair cycle
Authors: Wang Etienne C. E. , Higgins Claire A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to manipulate the mammalian hair cycle will lead to novel therapies and strategies to combat all forms of alopecia. Thus, in addition to the epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions in the hair follicle, niche and microenvironmental signals that accompany the phases of growth, regression and rest need to be scrutinized. Immune cells are well described in skin homeostasis and wound healing and have recently been shown to play an important role in the mammalian hair cycle. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the role of immune cells in hair cycle control and discuss their relevance to human hair cycling disorders. Increased attention to this aspect of the hair cycle will provide new avenues to manipulate hair regeneration in humans and provide better insight into developing better ex vivo models of hair growth.
An information‐motivation‐behavioural‐based model and adherence to inhalation therapy and other health outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: To Ka Wing , Lee Iris Fung‐Kam , Choi Kai Chow , Cheung Yannes Tsz Yan , Yu Doris Sau‐Fung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the feasibility and effects of the programme based on information‐motivation‐behavioural skills (IMB) model (IMB programme) on adherence to inhalation therapy and other health outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.BackgroundPoor adherence to inhalation therapy is common among COPD patients. The IMB model is supported by previous studies as useful in promoting adherence to health behaviours.MethodsThis pilot randomized controlled trial randomized 35 COPD patients to receive either the IMB‐based programme or usual care. The 4‐week IMB programme consisted of a face‐to‐face and two telephone sessions to empower patients with skills and knowledge on using inhalation therapy and support their goal attainment for treatment compliance. Outcome evaluation including adherence to inhalation therapy, inhalation techniques, disease impact, and quality of life was conducted at baseline and at 6 weeks after randomization. Feasibility of the IMB programme was evaluated by a satisfaction survey and implementation experience.ResultsThirty patients completed the study, with an attrition rate of 14.3%. The intervention group (n = 15) had significant improvements in inhalation adherence, inhalation techniques, and quality of life than the control group over the evaluation period. Patient satisfaction survey results and observations on programme implementation suggested the feasibility of the IMB programme.ConclusionA IMB model is a feasible and potentially effective intervention for improving COPD patients' adherence to inhalation therapy.
Communicating prognostic information: what do oncologists think patients with incurable cancer should be told?
Authors: Vasista Anuradha , Stockler Martin R. , Martin Andrew , Lawrence Nicola J. , Kiely Belinda E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with incurable cancer require information about their prognosis to make informed decisions about their future.AimsTo determine the frequency, form and documentation of prognostic discussions between oncologists and their patients with incurable cancer.MethodsWe surveyed medical oncologists in Australia and New Zealand about their practices communicating prognosis.ResultsA total of 206 medical oncologists completed the survey. Respondent characteristics were: median age 40 years (range 27–75), female 51%, trainee 22%; and 71% had completed specific training on communicating prognosis. Respondents reported discussing prognosis with a patient a median of 10 times per month (interquartile range 4–15); 88% reported explaining that ‘the cancer is incurable’ to all their patients with incurable cancer and 84% reported always or usually providing a quantitative estimate of survival time. The preferred method for explaining expected survival time (EST) was providing ‘multiple ranges of time with probabilities, for example best‐case, typical and worst‐case scenarios’ (52% of respondents). The most frequently reported barriers to discussing EST were: ‘family members requesting that prognostic information not be discussed’ (57% of respondents), and ‘not knowing the EST’ (46% of respondents). Twenty percent reported always documenting prognostic discussions and the EST in the patient's medical record, and 11% reported always documenting this information in their letters to other doctors.ConclusionsMost oncologists reported providing quantitative estimates of EST to their patients with incurable cancer, but very few reported documenting this information. Methods to help oncologists estimate, explain and document survival time are needed to improve communication of prognosis.
Early versus delayed removal of the pericardial drain in patients with cardiac tamponade complicating radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Li Linling , Liu Nian , Zhang Mengxia , Wu Kui , Ruan Yanfei , Bai Rong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionCardiac tamponade is a common life‐threatening complication during radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation (RAAF) and is mostly managed by pericardiocentesis. Thus far, the optimal timing for drain removal has not been established.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively enrolled patients with cardiac tamponade complicating RAAF. The ablation was performed with interrupted novel oral anticoagulants, interrupted warfarin or uninterrupted warfarin protocols. An observation period of at least 30 minutes after the last aspiration via the drain was used to monitor the reaccumulation of pericardial fluid, and then, the patients were divided into an early removal (ER) group in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory and a delayed removal (DR) group in the ward. A total of 51 patients were included: 25 patients in the ER group and 26 patients in the DR group. There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the two groups, and no cardiac tamponade reoccurred in either group in the ward. Unlike the DR group, the ER group showed an association with a decreased rate of chest pain (P = .000), fever (P = .001), nausea (P = .000), in‐hospital recurrent AF (P = .010), and antibiotic use (P = .012). Anticoagulation was earlier (P = .009), and the median in‐hospital stay was shorter (P = .001) in the ER group than in the DR group.ConclusionsER of the pericardial drain after no evidence of pericardial bleeding for at least 30 minutes in the EP laboratory is safe and associated with a better early hospital course.
Less imitation of arbitrary actions is a specific developmental precursor to callous–unemotional traits in early childhood
Authors: Wagner Nicholas J. , Waller Rebecca , Flom Megan , Ronfard Samuel , Fenstermacher Susan , Saudino Kimberly 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveCallous–unemotional (CU) traits in early childhood explain heterogeneity within conduct problems and are associated with higher risk for later diagnoses of childhood disruptive behavior disorders and antisocial behavior in adulthood. Emerging research implicates impairments in affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits. The current study tests whether the imitation of intentional actions with no functional significance –a behavior that supports the acquisition of social conventions and affiliative bonds, is a specific developmental precursor to CU traits in early childhood.MethodsData came from a longitudinal twin study of 628 children (Age 2: 47% females; Age 3: 44.9% females) with observations of arbitrary (i.e., nonfunctional actions) and instrumental (i.e., functional actions) imitation and parent reports of CU traits and oppositional defiant (ODD) behaviors at ages 2 and 3.ResultsLower arbitrary imitation at age 2, but not instrumental imitation, was related to increases in CU traits from ages 2 to 3 (β = −.10,p = .02).ConclusionsThese findings establish early social and affiliative processes in the etiology of CU traits, highlighting that novel personalized treatment and intervention strategies for CU traits may benefit from targeting these processes to help reduce CU traits and risk for persistent conduct problems in children.
Phylogeny of Physarida (Amoebozoa, Myxogastria) Based on the Small‐Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene, Redefinition of Physarum pusillum s. str. and Reinstatement of P. gravidum Morgan
Authors: Cainelli Renato , de Haan Myriam , Meyer Marianne , Bonkowski Michael , Fiore‐Donno Anna Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMyxomycetes (also called Myxogastria or colloquially, slime molds) are worldwide occurring soil amoeboflagellates. Among Amoebozoa, they have the notable characteristic to form, during their life cycle, macroscopic fruiting bodies, that will ultimately release spores. Some 1,000 species have been described, based on the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of their fruiting bodies. We were interested in Physarum pusillum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) G. Lister, a very common species described with two variants, each bearing such morphological differences that they could represent two distinct species. In order to test this, we observed key characters in a large selection of specimens attributed to P. pusillum, to its synonyms (in particular Physarum gravidum), and to related species. In addition, the small‐subunit ribosomal RNA gene was obtained from seven of these specimens. Based on these data, we provide a comprehensive phylogeny of the order Physarida (Eukaryota: Amoebozoa: Conosa: Macromycetozoa: Fuscisporidia). Morphology and phylogeny together support the reinstatement of P. gravidum Morgan 1896 with a neotype here designated, distinct from P. pusillum, here redefined.
Parameter sensitivity analysis for a physically based distributed hydrological model based on Morris' screening method
Authors: Huang Jin‐Bai , Wen Jia‐wei , Wang Bin , Hinokidani Osamu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAchieving accurate parameter calibration is a relatively difficult problem in development and application of physically based distributed hydrological models. In the current research, Morris' screening method (one factor at a time [OAT]) and an error evaluation calibration were jointly adopted for parameter sensitivity analysis (PSA) for a distributed hydrological model developed for a single mountainous terrain. The results indicated that (1) the order of sensitivity of the parameters for rainfall−runoff calculation is thickness of the first soil layer, coefficient of permeability, infiltration velocity, porosity, and coefficient of roughness; (2) the order of the parameters for snowmelt calculation is bulk transfer coefficient, temperature correction factor, and albedo of snow cover layer surface; and (3) the value change of each parameter of the first layer in the soil vertical profile mainly impacts the numerical value of discharge of the surface flow, while the value change of each parameter of the second layer impacts the numerical value of discharge of the surface flow less, but results in the peak misplacement to some extent. The results are expected to provide methodology references for PSA and calibration for the physically based distributed hydrological model which developed for mountainous or otherwise single terrain.
Sexual‐ and Gender‐Minority Families: A 2010 to 2020 Decade in Review
Authors: Reczek Corinne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper critically reviews research on sexual and gender minority (SGM) families, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, asexual, intersex, and other (LGBTQAI+) families, in the past decade (2010–2020). First, this paper details the three primary subareas that make up the majority of research on SGM families: (1) SGM family of origin relationships, (2) SGM intimate relationships, and (3) SGM‐parent families. Next, this paper highlights three main gaps in this decade's research: (1) a focus on gay, lesbian, and same‐sex families (and to a lesser extent bisexual and transgender families) and a lack of attention to the diverse family ties of single SGM people as well as intersex, asexual, queer, gender non‐binary/non‐conforming, polyamorous, and other SGM families; (2) an emphasis on white, socioeconomically advantaged SGM people and a failure to account for the significant racial‐ethnic and socioeconomic diversity in the SGM population; and (3) a lack of integration of SGM experiences across the life course, from childhood to old age. Future research should refine the measurement and analysis of SGM family ties with novel theory and data across the methodological spectrum.
Research on Marital Satisfaction and Stability in the 2010s: Challenging Conventional Wisdom
Authors: Karney Benjamin R. , Bradbury Thomas N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough getting married is no longer a requirement for social acceptance, most people do marry in their lifetimes, and couples across the socioeconomic spectrum wish their marriages to be satisfying and long lasting. This review evaluates the past decade of research on the determinants of satisfaction and stability in marriage, concluding that the scholarship of the past 10 years has undermined three assumptions that were formerly accepted as conventional wisdom. First, research exploiting methods such as latent class growth analyses reveal that, for most couples, marital satisfaction does not decline over time but in fact remains relatively stable for long periods. Second, contrary to predictions of behavioral models of marriage, negative communication between spouses can be difficult to change, does not necessarily lead to more satisfying relationships when it is changed, and does not always predict distress in the first place. Third, dyadic processes that are reliably adaptive for middle‐class and more affluent couples may operate differently in lower income couples, suggesting that influential models of marriage may not generalize to couples living in diverse environments. Thus, the accumulated research of the past 10 years indicates that the tasks of understanding and promoting marital satisfaction and stability are more complex than we appreciated at the start of the decade, raising important questions that beg to be answered in the years ahead.
Using big data to promote precision oral health in the context of a learning healthcare system
Authors: Finkelstein Joseph , Zhang Frederick , Levitin Seth A. , Cappelli David 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThere has been a call for evidence‐based oral healthcare guidelines, to improve precision dentistry and oral healthcare delivery. The main challenges to this goal are the current lack of up‐to‐date evidence, the limited integrative analytical data sets, and the slow translations to routine care delivery. Overcoming these issues requires knowledge discovery pipelines based on big data and health analytics, intelligent integrative informatics approaches, and learning health systems. This article examines how this can be accomplished by utilizing big data. These data can be gathered from four major streams: patients, clinical data, biological data, and normative data sets. All these must then be uniformly combined for analysis and modelling and the meaningful findings can be implemented clinically. By executing data capture cycles and integrating the subsequent findings, practitioners are able to improve public oral health and care delivery.
Network‐level scheduling of road construction projects considering user and business impacts
Authors: Miralinaghi Mohammad , Woldemariam Wubeshet , Abraham Dulcy M. , Chen Sikai , Labi Samuel , Chen Zhibin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConstruction projects are often associated with partial or full road closures, which result in user costs and community disruptions in terms of reduced business productivity. A number of studies have addressed the problem of scheduling construction projects based on a variety of stakeholder objectives. Yet still, there seems to exist a few gaps regarding (1) possible tradeoffs between road user cost reduction and business cost reduction associated with optimal scheduling, (2) role of the project type (rehabilitation and capacity expansion) on the solution methodology, and (3) lack of solution algorithm to address the problem complexity by deriving the optimal solution. In addressing these gaps, this article adopts a novel approach for developing an optimal project schedule for multiple road projects within a construction horizon. The goal is to minimize the overall cost of the projects to road users and adjacent businesses over the construction horizon. The project scheduling problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer nonlinear program. We solve the problem using a local decomposition method. The methodology is demonstrated using the Sioux Falls city network with two project types: capacity expansion and rehabilitation. The results of the numerical experiment suggest that (1) the solution algorithm converges to optimal solution in finite iterations and (2) a network‐wide scheduling of urban road projects using explicit optimization can yield a significant reduction in business disruption costs while incurring a relatively smaller increase in system travel time, and overall, is superior to a schedule developed only considering the total system travel time.
The effects of different doses of teriparatide on bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw in mice
Authors: Yu Wanlu , Su Jiansheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of different doses of teriparatide (TPTD) on bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ).Materials and MethodsTo establish the BRONJ model, 20 mice were randomly divided into two groups: a group that received tail vein administration of zoledronic acid with dexamethasone (ZA‐125 µg/kg, DEX 5 mg/kg) and a group that received saline weekly. The mice subsequently underwent bilateral maxillary first molar extraction. After 8 weeks of modelling administration, the maxilla samples were examined by micro‐computed tomography and histological staining (haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase) and the cytokine level was measured (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot). To determine the role of TPTD in BRONJ, the same protocol as previously described was applied in 100 mice (80 received ZA + DEX, and 20 received saline). After 8 weeks of modelling administration, 80 ZA + DEX mice were randomly divided into four groups: three groups with subcutaneous administration of TPTD (i.e. T1‐3, T2‐10 and T3‐30 µg kg−1 day−1) and one group with saline daily for the next 8 weeks. The other 20 saline mice continued to receive saline daily.ResultsIn Part 1, the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa Β ligand and the numbers of osteoclasts differed between the model and control groups. In Part 2, we found that TPTD had a positive effect on BRONJ in a mouse model based on clinical and histomorphological observations. Among the three treatment groups, the T1 and T2 groups significantly differed from the model group, whereas the T3 group showed no statistical differences.ConclusionSubcutaneous administration of TPTD has a beneficial effect on BRONJ in mice. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine whether the therapeutic effect on BRONJ is dose‐dependent.
Wasteful, essential, evolutionary stepping stone? The multiple personalities of the photorespiratory pathway
Authors: Fernie Alisdair R. , Bauwe Hermann 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe photorespiratory pathway, in short photorespiration, is a metabolic repair system that enables the CO2 fixation enzyme Rubisco to sustainably operate in the presence of oxygen, that is, during oxygenic photosynthesis of plants and cyanobacteria. Photorespiration is necessary because an auto‐inhibitory metabolite, 2‐phosphoglycolate (2PG), is produced when Rubisco binds oxygen instead of CO2 as a substrate and must be removed, to avoid collapse of metabolism, and recycled as efficiently as possible. The basic principle of recycling 2PG very likely evolved several billion years ago in connection with the evolution of oxyphotobacteria. It comprises the multi‐step combination of two molecules of 2PG to form 3‐phosphoglycerate. The biochemistry of this process dictates that one out of four 2PG carbons is lost as CO2, which is a long‐standing plant breeders' concern because it represents by far the largest fraction of respiratory processes that reduce gross‐photosynthesis of major crops down to about 50% and less, lowering potential yields. In addition to the ATP needed for recycling of the 2PG carbon, extra energy is needed for the refixation of liberated equal amounts of ammonia. It is thought that the energy costs of photorespiration have an additional negative impact on crop yields in at least some environments. This paper discusses recent advances concerning the origin and evolution of photorespiration, and gives an overview of contemporary and envisioned strategies to engineer the biochemistry of, or even avoid, photorespiration.
Multiple clinically relevant immunotherapies prolong the function of microencapsulated porcine islet xenografts in diabetic NOD mice without the use of anti‐CD154 mAb
Authors: Safley Susan A. , Barber Graham F. , Holdcraft Robert W. , Gazda Lawrence S. , Duncanson Stephanie , Poznansky Mark C. , Sambanis Athanassios , Weber Collin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur goal was to identify clinically relevant immunotherapies that synergize with microencapsulation to protect adult porcine islet (API) xenografts in diabetic NOD mice. We have shown previously that dual costimulatory blockade (CTLA4‐Ig plus anti‐CD154 mAb) combined with encapsulation protects APIs long‐term in NOD mice. Since no anti‐CD154 mAbs currently are approved for use in humans, we tested the efficacy of other targeted immunosuppression regimens that might be used for diabetic patients receiving encapsulated islets.MethodsMicroencapsulated APIs were transplanted i.p. in diabetic NOD mice given either no immunosuppression or combinations immunosuppressive reagents. Graft function was monitored by blood glucose levels, i.p. glucose tolerance tests, and histology. Mechanisms of rejection were investigated by phenotyping host peritoneal cells and measuring graft site cytokine and chemokine levels.ResultsNew immunosuppressive therapies were compared to CTLA4‐Ig plus anti‐CD154 mAb, used here as a control. The most effective was triple treatment with CTLA4‐Ig, anti‐CD154 mAb, and intracapsular CXCL12, and the next most effective was a non‐depleting anti‐CD4 mAb (YTS177.9) plus intracapsular CXCL12. Three additional regimens (CTLA4‐Ig plus YTS177.9, YTS177.9 alone, and anti‐OX40‐Ligand mAb alone) significantly prolonged encapsulated API function. Dual treatment with CTLA4‐Ig plus anti‐CD40 mAb was as effective as CTLA4‐Ig plus anti‐CD154 mAb. Five other monotherapies and three combination therapies did not augment encapsulated API survival. Most peritoneal cytokines and chemokines were either absent or minimal. At necropsy, the capsules were intact, not fibrosed, and clean when function was maintained, but were coated with host cells if rejection had occurred.ConclusionsMultiple different immunotherapies which specifically inhibit CD4+ T cells, modulate T‐cell trafficking, or interfere with antigen presentation can substitute for anti‐CD154 mAb to prolong encapsulated islet xenograft function in diabetic NOD mice.