bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation exposure dose of fluoroscopy-guided gastrointestinal procedures: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Hayashi Shiro , Nishida Tsutomu , Kuriki Shinji , Chang Li-sa , Aochi Kazuki , Meren Emi , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Tomita Ryo , Higaki Yu , Osugi Naoto , Sugimoto Aya , Takahashi Kei , Mukai Kaori , Matsumoto Kengo , Nakamatsu Dai , Yamamoto Masahi , Fukui Koji , Takenaka Mamoru , Hosono Makoto , Inada Masami 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Fluoroscopy-guided gastrointestinal procedures (FGPs) are increasingly common. However, the radiation exposure (RE) to patients undergoing FGPs is still unclear. We examined the actual RE of FGPs.
Patients and methods This retrospective, single-center cohort study included consecutive FGPs, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), interventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), enteral stenting, balloon-assisted enteroscopy, tube placement, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS), esophageal balloon dilatation and repositioning for sigmoid volvulus, from September 2012 to June 2019. We measured the air kerma (AK, mGy), dose area product (DAP, Gycm2), and fluoroscopy time (FT, min) for each procedure.
Results In total, 3831 patients were enrolled. Overall, 2778 ERCPs were performed. The median AK, DAP, and FT were as follows: ERCP: 109 mGy, 13.3 Gycm2 and 10.0 min; self-expandable enteral stenting (SEMS): 62 mGy, 12.4 Gycm2 and 10.4 min; tube placement: 40 mGy, 13.8 Gycm2 and 11.1 min; balloon-assisted enteroscopy: 43 mGy, 22.4 Gycm2 and 18.2 min; EUS cyst drainage (EUS-CD): 96 mGy, 18.3 Gycm2 and 10.4 min; EIS: 36 mGy, 8.1 Gycm2 and 4.4 min; esophageal balloon dilatation: 9 mGy, 2.2 Gycm2 and 1.8 min; and repositioning for sigmoid volvulus: 7 mGy, 4.7 Gycm2 and 1.6 min.
Conclusion This large series reporting actual RE doses of various FGPs could serve as a reference for future prospective studies.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transvascular needle biopsy of thoracic and abdominal lesions: a multicenter experience
Authors: Garcia-Sumalla Albert , Subtil Jose C. , de la Serna Carlos , Maisterra Sandra , Aparicio Jose Ramon , Bojorquez Alejandro Enrique , Montañes Rafael Leon , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique , Gornals Joan B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Traditionally in the case of a vascular interposition, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has been contraindicated. A transvascular route (TV) is feasible and probably a safe alternative approach in selected patients, but data are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic yield and safety of EUS-TV-FNA in thoracic and abdominal lesions. Secondary aims included evaluation of the clinical impact and technical aspects.
Patients and methods A retrospective multicenter study was conducted with inclusion of all consecutive patients that underwent EUS-TV-FNA from July 2007 to January 2020. Feasibility, cytopathology, procedure details, and safety were evaluated. Univariate analysis was performed to identify variables associated with incidents, cytopathological diagnosis, and clinical impact.
Results Data were collected from a total of 49 cases and 50 EUS-TV-FNAs. The aorta (n = 19) and portal system (n = 17) were the most frequently punctured. The most frequent lesions were mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 13) and pancreatic tumors (n = 11). The diagnostic yield was 86 %, and there were nondiagnostic samples in seven cases. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 88 % (95 %CI,0.74–0.96), 100 % (95 %CI,0.59–1), and 90 % (95 %CI,0.78–0.96), respectively. Only three incidents were detected: two mural hematomas and a self-limited bleeding of gastroduodenal artery. In most patients, there was a significant impact on clinical management (88 %). Arterial vessel and ASA-III had a trend with incidents (both, P < 0.08). Rapid on-site evlauation was found to be an independent predictor for obtaining a conclusive sample (OR 6.2; 95 %CI, 1.06–36.73, P < 0.04).
Conclusions EUS-TV-FNA is feasible, seems to be safe, and can be recommended when no other targets are available, and the information obtained would impact on the clinical plan.
ROC Curve Analysis of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Biochemical Detection of Intrahepatic Cholestasis during Pregnancy
Authors: Huang Xiaoyi , Chen Siyi , Chen Hongyan , Hu Liang , Wen Lijuan , Wei Fengxiang , Chen Ken 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in mothers and infants. The aim was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of biochemical detection of ICP by ROC curve and to determine the threshold of more reliable experimental indicators.
Materials and Methods 305 patients and 305 healthy pregnant women were enrolled in the study.
Results The average levels of TBA, ALT, and AST in the ICP group were much higher than those in the control group (P<0. 001); the area of both CG and TBA under ROC curve was up to 0.99, the sensitivity was 97.7%, and the specificity was 99.3%.
Conclusions This study did not find any single specificity and sensitivity markers that could be used to reliably diagnose ICP. In the future, we will pay more attention to the correlation between sensitive biochemical indicators and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Efficacy of lumen-apposing metal stents or self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Amato Arnaldo , Sinagra Emanuele , Celsa Ciro , Enea Marco , Buda Andrea , Vieceli Filippo , Scaramella Lucia , Belletrutti Paul , Fugazza Alessandro , Cammà Calogero , Radaelli Franco , Repici Alessandro , Anderloni Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage is becoming an option for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction. Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are replacing self-expandable metal stents (SEMS). The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LAMS and SEMS for EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS).
Methods A meta-analysis was performed using PRISMA protocols. Electronic databases were searched for studies on EUS-CDS. The primary outcome was clinical success. Secondary outcomes were technical success, reintervention, and adverse events. We used the random effects model with the DerSimonian–Laird estimation, and the results were depicted using forest plots. Subgroup analyses were also performed with data stratified by selected variable.
Results Overall, 31 studies (820 patients) were included. The pooled rates of clinical and technical success were 93.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 88.6 %–96.5 %) and 94.8 % (95 %CI 90.2 %–97.3 %) for LAMS, and 91.7 % (95 %CI 88.1 %–94.2 %) and 92.7 % (95 %CI 89.9 %–94.9 %) for SEMS, respectively. The pooled rates of adverse events were 17.1 % (95 %CI 12.5 %–22.8 %) for LAMS and 18.3 % (95 %CI 14.3 %–23.0 %) for SEMS. The pooled rates of reintervention were 10.9 % (95 %CI 7.7 %–15.3 %) for LAMS and 13.9 % (95 %CI 9.6 %–19.7 %) for SEMS. Subgroup analyses confirmed these results.
Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that LAMS and SEMS are comparable in terms of efficacy for EUS-CDS. Clinical and technical success, post-procedure adverse events, and reintervention rates were similar between LAMS and SEMS use; however, adverse events require further investigation.
Porphyrinoids with Vinylene Bridges
Authors: Kuzuhara Daiki , Yamada Hiroko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPorphyrinoids containing vinylene bridges, such as triphyrin(2.1.1), porphycene, porphyrin(2.1.2.1), and hexaphyrin(2.1.2.1.2.1), are a relatively new family of porphyrinoids. Vinylene bridges give porphyrinoids a lower symmetry and a flexibility of the framework and they permit cis/trans-isomerization reactions; these factors confer unique properties to these substances, such as coordination to metal ions and aromaticity switching. In this account, the synthesis, crystal structures, and properties of new porphyrinoids containing vinylene bridges are summarized.1	Introduction2	Triphyrin(2.1.1)3	Porphycene4	Porphyrin(2.1.2.1)5	Hexaphyrin(2.1.2.1.2.1)6	Conclusion
Harnessing C–O Bonds in Stereoselective Cross-Coupling and Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions
Authors: Jarvo Elizabeth R. , Sanford Amberly B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe discuss our laboratory’s research in the activation of alcohol derivatives in cross-coupling and cross-electrophile coupling reactions. Our developed methods enable the use of secondary alcohols to afford tertiary stereogenic centers, which we applied to the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant compounds and substructures. We first ­discuss the synthesis of bioactive compounds through stereospecific Kumada cross-coupling reactions and follow this with a discussion on the development of our stereoselective cross-electrophile coupling ­reaction to synthesize cyclopropanes.1	Introduction2	Cross-Coupling Reactions3	Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions4	Conclusion
Nontraumatic Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Risk Factors, Complications, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Alimohammadi Ehsan , Ahadi Paniz , Karbasforoushan Ali , Rahmani Shamsoddin , Bagheri Seyed Reza , Abdi Alireza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors, complications, and clinical outcomes of patients with nontraumatic, nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (NNSAH).
Methods We retrospectively evaluated 78 consecutive patients with NNSAH admitted to our center between April 2009 and April 2019. Patients were divided into two groups based on the distribution of blood in the CT scan, perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage ( PM-SAH) and nonperimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (nPM-SAH) groups. The outcome was assessed according to the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). The demographic data and clinical records including age, sex, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, history of anticoagulant medication, Glasgow coma score (GCS), Hunt–Hess (HH) grades, and in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the two groups.
Results There were 45 patients (57.69%) in the PM-SAH group and 33 cases (42.30%) in the nPM-SAH group with the mean age of 53.98 ± 7.7 years. There were no significant differences between the two groups based on age, sex, smoking history, diabetes, hypertension, anticoagulation medication history, and HH grade at admission. The nPM-SAH group was significantly associated with a higher incidence of radiological and clinical vasospasm (p < 0.05). Moreover, the need for external ventricular drainage (EVD) placement because of the development of hydrocephalus was significantly higher in the nPM group (p < 0.05). Patients with PM-SAH had better clinical outcomes than those with nPM-SAH (p = 0.037).
Conclusions Our results showed that patients with nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (NSAH) had favorable clinical outcomes. The PM group had better clinical outcomes and lower complication rates in comparison with the nPM group. Repeated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examinations are strongly recommended for patients with nPM-SAH.
Relevance of Combined Electron and Photon Beams in Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancers in the Era of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
Authors: Pandey Vinod , Pandey K. C. , Pant N. K. , Verma L. P. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for head and neck (H&N) cancers continues to be delivered using varied technologies, ranging from the old two-dimensional conventional radiotherapy (2DRT) techniques to the modern three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in different centers in India. Due to limitations of spinal cord tolerance, electron and photon beams are combined in 2DRT and 3DCRT techniques for treating nodal volume of the H&N cases. However, many centers having modern technology practice IMRT/VMAT in place of electron beams. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of combined electron and photon beams in radiotherapy of H&N cancers and its relevance in the modern era of IMRT/VMAT.Materials and Methods Data were collected through a survey conducted on cancer centers in India where radiotherapy is being given by 2DRT, 3DCRT, and IMR/VMAT for the treatment of head and neck cancers.Results The mean percentage of H&N (H&N) cases among all cases were 39.2% (standard deviation [SD]: 14.22), out of which 16.63% (SD: 20.83) were treated with a combination of photon and electron beams and 49.73% (SD: 37.41) were treated with IMRT/VMAT. The average percentage of H&N cases of government institutes was 38.39% (SD: 14.11) and that of private institutes was 40.14% (SD: 14.11). Patients treated with photon and electron combination and IMRT/VMAT were 22.19% (SD: 11.24) and 24.05% (SD: 23.99), respectively, in government institutes, and 10.29% (SD: 11.24) and 79.09% (SD: 26.75) in private institutes.Conclusion As per this study, we conclude that despite the availability of IMRT/VMAT, a combination of electron and photon beams is still relevant in India. Since a large proportion of the patients are still treated with the electron and photon combination, it is imperative that further studies on field–junction dosimetry should be conducted to ensure accurate dose delivery.
Acute Carotid Dissection Causing Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Cocaine Sniffing
Authors: Chaudhary Nilesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction Mechanism of acute ischemic stroke in young adults due to acute carotid dissection can be due to cocaine sniffing, as it is sympathomimetic for cranial circulation.
Methods A 24-year-old female presented with acute onset of right-sided neck pain and transient left hemiparesis lasting for 15 minutes after sniffing of cocaine. She had another episode of left hemiparesis with dysarthria (with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score 7), which did not recover after second sniffing of cocaine. Her urgent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and computed tomography angiography showed acute ischemic stroke in the right middle cerebral artery territory with acute right proximal carotid dissection with thrombus. She was having high blood pressure during presentation, which was optimized with labetalol, and was started on low-molecular-weight heparin and antiplatelet and statins. She improved gradually and her NIHSS score at discharge was 4.
Discussion Cocaine, due to its sympathomimetic properties, causes sudden vasoconstriction; acute surge in blood pressure shortly after intake of cocaine may increase shear stress in the aortic wall, leading to a disruption of the intimal layer and a dissection with an intramural hematoma that subsequently may rupture into the lumen and cause acute ischemic stroke. In our case clinical history was unique in that episodes of cocaine sniffing caused progressive carotid dissection and subsequent stroke. Treatment needs optimal control of blood pressure and anticoagulation and antiplatelet medication.
Conclusion Cocaine sniffing is one of the rare causes of acute ischemic stroke in young adults, and the mechanism can be acute carotid dissection.
Idioconstructions in conflict
Authors: Urban Aileen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
On the basis of corpus data from Norwegian and Swedish as heritage languages in the United States of America, this article explores the role of potentially conflicting information in constructs that cannot be considered as stereotypical multilingual practices in classical approaches, such as Myers-Scotton’s Matrix Language Frame model or Muysken’s Code-Mixing model. Following the approach of Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG), the article focuses on the differentiation between diaconstructions, i. e. language-unspecific elements the involved languages have in common, and idioconstructions, i. e. language-specific elements that distinguish them. From this perspective, typical multilingual practices can be analyzed as constructs comprising a combination of idioconstructions that carry conflicting pragmatic information. The article proposes that conflicts of this kind reflect a spontaneous generalization, i. e. pragmatic bleaching, of the involved idioconstructions.
Cognitive models of language contact
Authors: Onysko Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper provides an integrated view of two recent cognitive models of language contact that have been developed on the basis of a usage-based approach to language: Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG; Höder 2012, 2014, 2018, this volume) and Cognitive Language Contact Phenotypes (CLCP; Onysko 2019). The article discusses the models’ premises and predictions and offers concise comparisons with other relevant models in the field. Since DCxG and CLCP explain complementary cognitive aspects of language contact and multilingual speech phenomena, an integration of both models offers a more comprehensive perspective on how features of language contact emerge from multilingual minds.
A Diasystematic Construction Grammar analysis of language change in the Afrikaans and English finite verb complement clause construction
Authors: van Rooy Bertus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Afrikaans adopted a new formal variant of the complement clause during language contact from English, the variant that allows omission of the overt complementiser. Based on a corpus analysis of letters from the 18th century to the end of the 20th century, the forms and semantic functions of the construction in both languages are analysed and compared. Results show that the omission of the complementiser jumped from negligible frequency to an established variant before and after contact. The function of the Afrikaans complementiser clause also changes to converge with English after contact. The findings indicate that the initial complement clause constructions of Afrikaans and English would have been different in respect of form and function, but over time, the Afrikaans construction becomes close to identical to the English construction (which in turns show rather limited change over time), pointing to the gradual formation of a diaconstruction from two related idioconstructions, at least for bilingual users of these two languages.
Making one’s way in Welsh
Authors: Rottet Kevin J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The English way-construction (He elbowed his way through the crowd), one of the clearest examples of an Argument Structure Construction (ASC), is a highly English-specific idiom that is reported not to have exact equivalents in other languages. Yet Welsh has a virtually identical ffordd-construction that must be attributed to language contact. Welsh speakers replicate the way-construction and its properties using native material, making this an instance of PAT. It appears in Welsh by the 17th century and follows a developmental trajectory similar to the English model. The ffordd-construction, then, instantiates the replication of a partially schematic construction in the sense of Construction Grammar (CxG). Discussion shows how models of language contact can incorporate the replication of an ASC.
From letters to families
Authors: Lepic Ryan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study analyzes a database of initialized signs, which are formed with handshapes corresponding to English letters, collected from an ASL dictionary. ASL handshapes are classified as either primarily used for initialization, such as the R handshape, or rarely used for initialization, such as the X handshape. Additionally, initialized signs are shown to forge kind-of and whole-part relationships with existing ASL signs. An example is
biology, which derives from ASL science, reflecting that ‘biology is a kind of science’. These facts about initialized signs are analyzed in terms of constructional schemas, capturing properties that are shared among ASL signs and explaining productive instances of initialization (and de-initialization) in ASL.
Intensifying constructions in second language acquisition
Authors: Van Goethem Kristel , Hendrikx Isa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study analyzes the acquisition of Dutch intensifying constructions by French-speaking learners in Belgium. Additionally, it compares learners enrolled in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programs with learners following traditional second language instruction. Within the framework of Diasystematic Construction Grammar, we study the potential impact of CLIL on the acquisition of Dutch intensification by conducting an in-depth constructional analysis at three different levels of schematization.
The results of our study indicate that a beneficial CLIL effect is apparent throughout the different levels of abstraction. Moreover, the results allow us to unveil specific reorganizational processes that occur in the diasystem of French-speaking learners of Dutch, such as the overgeneralization of particular schematic patterns and the inaccurate tagging of specific intensifiers.
Audiovisual translation as orchestration of multimodal synergies
Authors: Jing Yi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study explores the coordination between subtitles and other semiotic resources in films, from within a systemic
functional semiotic framework. The paper focuses on the subtitling of interjections (e.g., ‘oh’, ‘wow’, ‘yay’) to examine how subtitles are
synthesized in films with respect to the presence of facial expressions and/or bodily gestures which might be perceived as conveying similar
meanings. The analysis of multiple versions of intralingual subtitles of two English-language films shows that the seemingly random omission
of soundtrack interjections from subtitles is patterned to a considerable degree – those interjections which are concurrent with
semiotically correlated actions were frequently omitted. The findings suggest that subtitling is a complex process involving synergy between
subtitles and other semiotic resources, which calls for interdisciplinary research integrating translation, multimodality, and
linguistics.
Translation as a pedagogical tool in multilingual classes
Authors: Galante Angelica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile translation has recently had a comeback in language pedagogy, its applicability in classrooms with students from diverse linguistic backgrounds has been underexplored. In countries with increasing immigration and high intakes of international students, which is the case of Canada, language classrooms are intrinsically multilingual. This multilingual reality provides unique opportunities for students to use their linguistic repertoire while learning English – one of Canada’s official languages –, but teachers may be hesitant to use translation as a pedagogical tool if they do not speak the languages of their students. This paper reports on the results of a qualitative study with three teachers and 40 adult learners of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in a Canadian university. All of the student participants had at least two languages in their repertoire, and 90% reported being plurilingual, that is, using several languages with varying levels of proficiency. With the exception of English, the language of instruction, the teachers did not share any of the languages spoken by the students. The study explored how the teachers used translation to engage students’ plurilingual repertoires and investigated students’ perceptions of translation practices. Data was gathered through student diaries and classroom observations. Results of deductive analyses show that translation, when used within a plurilingual approach, was helpful for making sense of English vocabulary. Moreover, students reported that translation across languages enhanced conceptual knowledge. The paper argues that translation as a process rather than an L2-L1 textual product can advance language learning in multilingual classes.