bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human resource management adaptation among family firms operating in Western Australia: an exploratory study
Authors: O'Shea Michelle , Duarte Alonso Abel 
Published: October 2020

PurposeInterviews were conducted with eight family businesses involved in several industries in Western Australia.Design/methodology/approachThe purpose of this study is to draw on the experiences of family-owned firms and explore how contemporary human resource management (HRM) and allied developments shape their business practices.FindingsSignificant strengths emerged relevant to “formalised HRM processes” and “familiness”. However, challenges were simultaneously experienced or interpreted as negatively affecting family firm performance. In addition, there was a relationship between challenges and external environmental factors. These challenges are categorised as “labour costs and supply” and “formalising HRM practices”. Further, participants discussed emerging opportunities, and how they were strategically considering the relationship between organisation finance, innovation, future growth, operations and HRM.Originality/valueFrom a practical standpoint, the research addresses the complexities of managing contemporary HRM developments in ways that contribute to improved family firm performance. From a theoretical perspective, key insights of the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm and strategic HRM theory are considered to gain a deeper understanding of family firms' adaptive managerial activities.
Temporal dimensions of knowledge exchanges in horizontal knowledge networks
Authors: Abualqumboz Moheeb , Chan Paul W. , Bamford David , Reid Iain 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine reciprocal exchanges in knowledge networks using temporal differentiation of knowledge exchanges. To date, research on horizontal knowledge networks rather overlooks the temporal perspective, which could explain the dynamics of exchange in those networks.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reports on a study of four horizontal knowledge networks in the UK over a period of 18 months.

Findings
The findings integrate three temporal dimensions of timescale, timeliness and time modalities. The dimensions have implications for the way knowledge is exchanged (or not), which can in turn sustain or stymie productive knowledge exchange in horizontal knowledge networks.

Research limitations/implications
The study encourages researchers to attend to the micro-processes of knowledge exchanges through the integrative framework of temporalities. While this study examined horizontal networks, future research can be extended to analysing temporalities in other types of networks.

Practical implications
It seeks to inspire practitioners to appreciate how the impacts of knowledge networks play out in/over time, and how more effective coopetitive knowledge-sharing environments can be created and sustained by taking differentiated time structures into account.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the knowledge management literature by providing a temporal perspective to understand reciprocal knowledge exchanges in horizontal knowledge networks.
Overcoming risk for women in leader identity development
Authors: Ryan Nuala F. , Hammond Michelle , MacCurtain Sarah , Cross Christine 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of the role of risk in leader identity development for women by identifying processes women leaders employ to overcome perceived risk.Design/methodology/approachTwenty-five women leaders in the Irish healthcare sector took part in an 18-month long identity-based leadership development program. Qualitative data from interviews, focus groups, critical incident diaries and individual exit surveys and observations were analyzed using the constant comparative method.FindingsFour key processes are identified as women leaders work through risks associated with structural elements (perceiving and mitigating structural risk) and agency of the leader (accepting agentic risks and developing agency).Research limitations/implicationsLike many focused qualitative studies, generalizability to a larger population might be limited. The authors, therefore, recommend future research to consider these issues in other industries, levels and national contexts.Practical implicationsOrganizational members should pay attention to structural factors that affect women's perceptions of risks in internalizing a leader identity such as perceptions of organizational support for development, role models, mentoring and behavioral norms. Programs should aim to increase individual agency through personal reflection and freedom to experiment.Originality/valueThis paper offers an original and nuanced perspective on the role of risk in the leader identity development process for women.
Building social capital for constructive adaptive capacity under social stress
Authors: Wang Yutong , Ko Pakon , Law Nancy 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study examines how a school progressively built its social capital for agile adaptation to provide inclusive and effective fully online learning provisions through intentionally enhancing its architecture for learning.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a case study to examine how school A was able to respond rapidly and progressively to the demand for quality online learning provisions in the face of unanticipated school closure with an uncertain end date. Video recordings of online school sharing sessions, interviews and documents provided by the school constituted data sources for this study.FindingsIn creating a collective new norm for the implementation of online learning, a school needs to enhance both structural and cognitive aspects of its social capital. School A achieved this through intentional changes to its architecture for learning (i.e. organizational structure, interaction mechanisms, mediating artifacts and technology) when deliberating measures to deliver the changes under periods of serious social stress.Originality/valueAdaptive capacity is a core demand on the social capital of schools and organizations under the “new normal” when the future is unpredictable. This paper uncovers the connection between a school's architecture for learning and its adaptive capacity.
A real estate portfolio management risk assessment framework for nonlisted real estate funds in India
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Newell Graeme 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study provides an extensive risk assessment framework for nonlisted real estate funds' (NREFs) portfolio management in India across their life cycle; that is, the investment stage, the monitoring stage and the exit stage in an emerging market context. The study of risk across these three stages is a new addition to the literature and assumes importance in the context of real estate portfolio management for NREFs in the emerging markets (e.g. India), which are predominantly an opportunistic investment play.Design/methodology/approachThe risk assessment framework is built on the multiactor/multicriteria risk priorities, using analytical hierarchy process (AHP), obtained from 35 experts in four real estate fund management professional groups; namely, investors/fund managers, valuers, consultants and international developers.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the real estate portfolio management risk priorities change across the three life cycle stages of the fund. At the investment stage, specific risks are most critical; at the monitoring stage, it is important to concentrate on all three risks – specific, systematic and management risks; and at the exit stage, systematic risk plays a crucial role. Real estate portfolio management risk evaluation at the subfactor level shows that investee/partner and location selection needs to be critically evaluated at the time of the investment; project execution and quality of development must be monitored during the construction/monitoring period; and repatriation of the funds, currency volatility and exit risk (resale) are critical at the exit stage of the fund.Practical implicationsThe understanding of the real estate portfolio management risk transformation across the life cycle stages is crucial for NREF managers for risk minimization, transfer and mitigation strategy formulation in their real estate portfolios. Unlike previous research that evaluates investment risk, this study breaks the NREF's risks into the investment, monitoring and exit stages. The key risk factors for each stage depend on the NREF's real estate activities for that stage. These activities, in turn, give rise to a typical risk profile for that stage. The findings are crucial for the various stakeholders of real estate fund management and policymakers in an emerging market context; particularly India, one of the fastest growing major economies in the world.Originality/valueThis risk assessment framework for simultaneously assessing risk across the three life cycle stages of NREFs is a new addition to the literature.
Comparative effectiveness of Lopinavir/Ritonavir‐based regimens in COVID‐19
Authors: Qu Jian , Li Guo‐Hua , Wang Jiao‐Jiao , He Ge‐Fei , Huang Juan‐Juan , Chen Ying , Qu Qiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu , Lu Qiong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an epidemic disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and spreading throughout the world rapidly. Here we evaluated the efficacy of the Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) and its combination with other drugs in the treatment of COVID‐19. We included 170 confirmed COVID‐19 patients who had been cured and discharged. Their antiviral therapies were LPV/r alone or combinations with interferon (IFN), Novaferon and Arbidol. We evaluated the medication efficacy by comparing the time of the negative nucleic acid conversion and the length of hospitalization mainly. The LPV/r + Novaferon [6.00 (4.00–8.00) and 7.50 (5.00–10.00) days] had shorter time of the negative nucleic acid conversion (P = .0036) and shorter time of hospitalization (P < .001) compared with LPV/r alone [9.00 (5.00–12.00) and 12.00 (11.00–15.00) days] and LPV/r + IFN [9.00 (7.25–11.00) and 12.00 (10.00–13.50) days]. On the contrary, LPV/r + IFN [9.00 (7.25–11.00) and 12.00 (10.00–13.50) days] had shorter time of the negative nucleic acid conversion (P = .031) and shorter time of hospitalization (P < .001) compared with LPV/r + IFN +Novaferon [10.00 (8.00–11.25) and 13.50 (11.50–17.00) days] and LPV/r + IFN +Arbidol [14.00 (9.75–19.00) and 19.50 (13.25–24.00) days]. In conclusion, the combination of LPV/r and Novaferon may have better efficacy against COVID‐19. However, adding IFN based on LPV/r + Novaferon or adding Arbidol based on LPV/r + IFN may not improve the efficacy.
Ribonucleases control distinct traits of Pseudomonas putida lifestyle
Authors: Apura Patrícia , de Lorenzo Víctor , Arraiano Cecília M. , Martínez‐García Esteban , Viegas Sandra C. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe role of archetypal ribonucleases (RNases) in the physiology and stress endurance of the soil bacterium and metabolic engineering platform Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has been inspected. To this end, variants of this strain lacking each of the most important RNases were constructed. Each mutant lacked either one exoribonuclease (PNPase, RNase R) or one endoribonuclease (RNase E, RNase III, RNase G). The global physiological and metabolic costs of the absence of each of these enzymes were then analysed in terms of growth, motility and morphology. The effects of different oxidative chemicals that mimic the stresses endured by this microorganism in its natural habitats were studied as well. The results highlighted that each ribonuclease is specifically related with different traits of the environmental lifestyle that distinctively characterizes this microorganism. Interestingly, the physiological responses of P. putida to the absence of each enzyme diverged significantly from those known previously in Escherichia coli. This exposed not only species‐specific regulatory functions for otherwise known RNase activities but also expanded the panoply of post‐transcriptional adaptation devices that P. putida can make use of for facing hostile environments.
Differential recruitment of opportunistic taxa leads to contrasting abilities in carbon processing by bathypelagic and surface microbial communities
Authors: Sebastián Marta , Forn Irene , Auladell Adrià , Gómez‐Letona Markel , Sala M. Montserrat , Gasol Josep M. , Marrasé Cèlia 
Published: October 2020

SummaryDifferent factors affect the way dissolved organic matter (DOM) is processed in the ocean water column, including environmental conditions and the functional capabilities of the communities. Recent studies have shown that bathypelagic prokaryotes are metabolically flexible, but whether this versatility translates into a higher ability to process DOM has been barely explored. Here we performed a multifactorial transplant experiment to compare the growth, activity and changes in DOM quality in surface and bathypelagic waters inoculated with either surface or bathypelagic prokaryotic communities. The effect of nutrient additions to surface waters was also explored. Despite no differences in the cell abundance of surface and deep ocean prokaryotes were observed in any of the treatments, in surface waters with nutrients the heterotrophic production of surface prokaryotes rapidly decreased. Conversely, bathypelagic communities displayed a sustained production throughout the experiment. Incubations with surface prokaryotes always led to a significant accumulation of recalcitrant compounds, which did not occur with bathypelagic prokaryotes, suggesting they have a higher ability to process DOM. These contrasting abilities could be explained by the recruitment of a comparatively larger number of opportunistic taxa within the bathypelagic assemblages, which likely resulted in a broader community capability of substrate utilization.
‘Better in kung fu movies than in political parties’: Labour’s Factionalism and a Reappraisal of Eric Hobsbawm’s Political Thought
Authors: Pike Karl , Diamond Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEric Hobsbawm will forever be a giant intellectual figure. Yet, an aspect of his work is underappreciated—the case for a more pluralistic, dynamic and intellectually inquiring Labour Party. As such, his political thought is particularly relevant given the recent election of Keir Starmer, and the avowed quest for ‘unity’ in bringing Labour back to power. Hobsbawm came to believe that political strategies which sought to exploit social and political stratification and conflict—such as vilifying reformist political movements and those of moderate persuasion—doomed Labour to permanent opposition. A broad‐based people’s party, uniting objectives of solidarity and aspiration, was the only viable class politics. Although from the Marxist tradition, Hobsbawm believed Labour’s purpose was to make liberal democracy function more effectively, rather than creating an alternative economic and political system. Suggesting conflict was more suited to kung fu movies, Hobsbawm’s predominant theme of ‘anti‐factionalism with a purpose’ remains apposite today.
The Female Mortality Advantage in the Seventeenth‐Century Rural Low Countries
Authors: Curtis Daniel R. , Han Qijun 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTData from famines from the nineteenth century onward suggest that women hold a mortality advantage during times of acute malnutrition, while modern laboratory research suggests that women are more resilient to most pathogens causing epidemic diseases. There is, however, a paucity of sex‐disaggregated mortality data for the period prior to the Industrial Revolution to test this view across a broader span of history. We offer a newly compiled database of adult burial information for 293 rural localities and small towns in the seventeenth‐century Low Countries, explicitly comparing mortality crises against ‘normal’ years. In contrast to expected results, we find no clear female mortality advantage during mortality spikes and, more to the point, women tended to die more frequently than men when only taking into account those years with very severe raised mortality. Gender‐related differences in levels of protection, but also exposure to vectors and points of contagion, meant that some of these female advantages were ‘lost’ during food crises or epidemic disease outbreaks. Responses to mortality crises such as epidemics may shine new light on gender‐based inequalities perhaps hidden from view in ‘normal times’ – with relevance for recent work asserting ‘female agency’ in the early modern Low Countries context.
Cognitive subgroups in first episode bipolar I disorder: Relation to clinical and brain volumetric variables
Authors: Chakrabarty Trisha , Torres Ivan J. , Su Weizhong W. , Sawatzky Richard , Keramatian Kamyar , Yatham Lakshmi N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveDistinct cognitive subgroups are seen in patients with long duration bipolar I disorder (BDI), possibly reflective of underlying pathophysiological differences. It is unknown whether such cognitive heterogeneity is present at illness onset. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cognitive test scores in first episode BDI patients. Exploratory analysis elucidated whether impaired subgroups were characterized by ‘early neurodevelopmental’ (low premorbid IQ and intracranial volume) versus ‘later neurodevelopmental’ (decline from premorbid to current IQ, changes in relative grey (GM)/white (WM) matter volumes) pathology.MethodsRecently recovered first manic episode BDI patients (n = 91) and healthy controls (HC, n = 63) comprised the study sample. LCA identified subgroups based on processing speed, verbal memory, non‐verbal memory, executive functioning, attention and working memory scores. Subgroups were compared amongst each other and HC on premorbid/current IQ, intracranial (ICV), total brain and regional volumes.ResultsThree cognitive subgroups emerged: (i) globally impaired (GI, n = 31), scoring 0.5‐1 SD below demographically corrected norms across domains, (ii) selectively impaired (SI, n = 47), with predominant processing speed deficits and (iii) high performing (HP, n = 13), with above‐average cognitive performance. GI patients showed a ‘later neurodevelopmental’ pattern, with normal ICV, significant decline from premorbid to current IQ, higher total GM and lower total WM (with respect to total brain volume) versus SI and HC (p = 0.003). GI patients had higher left frontal pole GM versus HC (p < 0.05, FWE corrected).ConclusionsA globally impaired patient subgroup is identifiable in first episode BDI, possibly characterized by unique neurodevelopmental pathologic processes proximal to illness onset.
Association of the COVID‐19 lockdown with smoking, drinking and attempts to quit in England: an analysis of 2019–20 data
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. , Garnett Claire , Shahab Lion , Oldham Melissa , Brown Jamie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo examine changes in smoking, drinking and quitting/reduction behaviour following the COVID‐19 lockdown in England.Design/settingMonthly cross‐sectional surveys representative of the adult population in England, aggregated before (April 2019–February 2020) versus after (April 2020) lockdown.ParticipantsA total of 20 558 adults (≥ 16 years).MeasurementsThe independent variable was the timing of the COVID‐19 lockdown (before versus after March 2020). Dependent variables were: prevalence of smoking and high‐risk drinking, past‐year cessation and quit attempts (among past‐year smokers), past‐year attempts to reduce alcohol consumption (among high‐risk drinkers) and use of evidence‐based (e.g. prescription medication/face‐to‐face behavioural support) and remote support [telephone support/websites/applications (apps)] for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction (among smokers/high‐risk drinkers who made a quit/reduction attempt). Covariates included age, sex, social grade, region and level of nicotine and alcohol dependence (as relevant).FindingsThe COVID‐19 lockdown was not associated with a significant change in smoking prevalence [17.0% (after) versus 15.9% (before), odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.95–1.24], but was associated with increases in quit attempts [39.6 versus 29.1%, adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.23–1.98], quit success (21.3 versus 13.9%, ORadj = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.22–3.33) and cessation (8.8 versus 4.1%, ORadj = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.69–4.09) among past‐year smokers. Among smokers who tried to quit, there was no significant change in use of evidence‐based support (50.0 versus 51.5%, ORadj = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.72–1.68) but use of remote support increased (10.9 versus 2.7%, ORadj = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.56–8.23). Lockdown was associated with increases in high‐risk drinking (38.3 versus 25.1%, OR = 1.85, CI = 1.67–2.06), but also alcohol reduction attempts by high‐risk drinkers (28.5 versus 15.3%, ORadj = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.77–2.64). Among high‐risk drinkers who made a reduction attempt, use of evidence‐based support decreased (1.2 versus 4.0%, ORadj = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.05–0.97) and there was no significant change in use of remote support (6.9 versus 6.1%, ORadj = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.64–2.75).ConclusionsFollowing the March 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown, smokers and high‐risk drinkers in England were more likely than before lockdown to report trying to quit smoking or reduce alcohol consumption and rates of smoking cessation and use of remote cessation support were higher. However, high‐risk drinking prevalence increased post‐lockdown and use of evidence‐based support for alcohol reduction by high‐risk drinkers decreased with no compensatory increase in use of remote support.
Effect of Khat (Catha edulisForsk) extract on testicular maturation in pre‐pubertal and pubertal rats: A morphological and biochemical study
Authors: Abou‐Elhamd Alaa S. , Sumayli Saud , Steger Klaus , Ali Asaad Khaled Mohamed , Zayed Ahmed E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed at analysing the effect of Khat plant extract on rat testicular development. Thirty‐two weaned male albino rats (4 weeks old) were divided into four groups consisting of eight animals each. While control animals received normal saline, rats of groups I, II and III received 100, 200 and 300 mg Khat extract per kg body weight dissolved in distilled water by oral gavage daily for 8 weeks, respectively. Blood samples were collected in separate heparinized tubes by cardiac puncture from each rat and processed for measuring plasma levels of reproductive hormones LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin. Five‐µm sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined by light microscope. Some sections were immunostained for protamine‐1 representing a biomarker for intact sperm differentiation. The present study clearly demonstrated that Khat extract has a pronounced effect on testicular maturation of developing albino rats at both the morphological and functional levels. Khat‐treated groups revealed a significantly low serum testosterone level and severe impairment of spermatogenesis when compared with control animals. The current findings also verified, for the first time, that the final stages of sperm maturation (spermiogenesis) were strongly impaired after administration of Khat extract to experimental rats particularly at a higher dose (300 mg/kg body weight). This was proved by the very weak, if any, expression of protamine‐1 in the maturing spermatids in Khat‐treated rats.