bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression in lung cancer patients: A nationwide analysis.
Authors: Mariam Roy Arya , Konda Manojna , Mohanakumar Warrier Aravind , Arnaoutakis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2019

83 Background: Depression is a major ongoing problem with cancer patients and survivors. Depression can lead to functional impairment, decreased utilization of treatment, decreased quality of life and increased suicide risk. It also leads to an extended hospital stay and increased cost of treatment. Previous studies have shown that lung cancer has a high incidence for depression. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the year 2016. Patients who were admitted with a principal diagnosis of Malignant Neoplasm of Bronchus and Lung (MNBL) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were identified using ICD-10 codes. The prevalence of MDD and the risk factors contributing to MDD were studied. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA tool and tested with Pierson Chi-Square test. Results: A total of 79096 hospitalizations with a principal diagnosis of MNBL were identified. The prevalence of depression among lung cancer patients was found to be 12.49% (n = 9881). The mean age of lung cancer patients with depression was 62.27 ± 0.10. Females with lung cancer have more risk for MDD (15%, p < 0.001). Caucasian patients with lung cancer have a higher risk of MDD (13.6%, p < 0.001). It was also found that lung cancer patients who are ≤ 55 years have a higher risk of MDD (p < 0.001). The average length of stay for lung cancer patients with MDD was slightly higher than lung cancer patients without MDD (6.39 days and 5.99 days respectively). The average cost of stay also had a similar pattern. Severe morbidity was seen in a greater proportion of the MDD group. Conclusions: Younger patients who are ≤ 55 years of age, Caucasians or females with lung cancer have a higher risk of MDD. Particular attention should be given to them while being in the hospital which can decrease the morbidity, and will also help to improve their quality of life.
Mixed methods comparison of functional decline during chemotherapy, immunotherapy (IO), and/or targeted therapy in older adults with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Wong Melisa L. , Smith Alexander K. , Miaskowski Christine , Musinipally Vivek , Cohen Harvey Jay , Lam Vivian , Mazor Melissa , Ursem Carling Jade , Loh Kah Poh , Cohen Jamie , Shumay Dianne , Levin Anna Ordin , Dixit Niharika , Grandi Janice , Walter Louise Christie 
Published: November 2019

92 Background: Functional decline during NSCLC treatment is critically important to older adults. Yet, data on functional decline—particularly during chemoIO, IO, and targeted therapy—remain limited. Additionally, the best measures to capture functional decline from the patient’s perspective remain unknown. Methods: We conducted a multisite, mixed methods prospective cohort study to characterize function during systemic NSCLC treatment and compare quantitative measures with gold standard qualitative descriptions of patients’ lived experience. Prior to and at 2 months after treatment initiation, 69 adults age >65 with advanced NSCLC starting chemo, IO, and/or targeted therapy underwent geriatric assessments including instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), EORTC QLQ-C30 Physical Functioning (PF), and Life-Space Assessment (LSA). LSA measures where a person goes in their environment, how frequently, and how independently. Pretreatment functional impairment and decline at 2 months were assessed. In a qualitative substudy, 16 purposively sampled patients with diverse pretreatment function completed two semi-structured interviews (pretreatment, 2 months) to explore treatment effects on daily functioning. Grounded theory was used to code for functional decline. Using the qualitative patient experience as the gold standard, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each functional measure. Results: Mean age was 75 (range 65-94). NSCLC treatment included IO (36%), targeted therapy (28%), chemoIO (23%), and chemo (13%). Pretreatment functional impairment was common and ~25% of patients experienced functional decline on quantitative measures at 2 months (Table). Qualitatively, 50% described functional decline at 2 months. LSA had the highest sensitivity (71%) and similar specificity (88%) as IADL and PF. Conclusions: Functional decline during NSCLC treatment is common. LSA provides a sensitive and specific patient-centered measure of function. [Table: see text]
Effect of Salt Supplementation on Sympathetic Activity and Endothelial Function in Salt-Sensitive Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Baqar Sara , Kong Yee Wen , Chen Angela X , O’Callaghan Christopher , MacIsaac Richard J , Bouterakos Maree , Lambert Gavin W , Jerums George , Lambert Elisabeth E , Ekinci Elif I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Lower sodium intake is paradoxically associated with higher mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective
To determine whether sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation and endothelial dysfunction contribute to these observations, we examined the effect of salt supplementation on these systems in people with T2D with habitual low sodium. We hypothesized that salt supplementation would lower SNS activity and improve endothelial function compared to placebo.

Design
We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial.

Setting
The study took place in a tertiary referral diabetes outpatient clinic.

Participants
Twenty-two people with T2D with habitual low sodium intake (24-hour urine sodium &lt;150 mmol/24h) were included.

Intervention
Salt supplementation (100 mmol NaCl/24h) or placebo for 3 weeks was administered.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome of SNS activity and endothelial function was assessed as follows: Microneurography assessed muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), pulse amplitude tonometry assessed endothelial function via reactive hyperemic index (RHI), and arterial stiffness was assessed via augmentation index (AI). Secondary outcomes included cardiac baroreflex, serum aldosterone, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), heart rate variability (HRV), and salt sensitivity.

Results
Compared to placebo, salt supplementation increased MSNA (burst frequency P = .047, burst incidence P = .016); however, RHI (P = .24), AI (P = .201), ABPM (systolic P = .09, diastolic P = .14), and HRV were unaffected. Salt supplementation improved baroreflex (slope P = .026) and lowered aldosterone (P = .004), and in salt-resistant individuals there was a trend toward improved RHI (P = .07).

Conclusions
In people with T2D and low habitual sodium intake, salt supplementation increased SNS activity without altering endothelial function or blood pressure but improved baroreflex function, a predictor of cardiac mortality. Salt-resistant individuals trended toward improved endothelial function with salt supplementation.
Obesity Is Associated with Earlier Pubertal Onset in Boys
Authors: Busch Alexander S , Højgaard Brigitte , Hagen Casper P , Teilmann Grete 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Pubertal timing in boys is associated with body mass index (BMI). Studies consistently report an inverse correlation of BMI and pubertal timing within the normal BMI range. However, observations in obese boys are conflicting with different studies reporting either early or delayed pubertal onset in obese boys.

Objective
We aimed to assess the association of male pubertal timing with age-specific BMI (zBMI) in obese boys.

Design, Setting, and Participants
A total of 218 obese boys (zBMI &gt; +2SD, with a median age at baseline of 10.8 years (range 4.2–17.0), were recruited as part of a prospective outpatient childhood obesity intervention program at Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark, between 2009 and 2017. Serving as controls, we included 660 healthy boys participating in the population-based COPENHAGEN Puberty Study (-2SD &lt; zBMI ≤ +2SD, 2006–2014). Subanalyses were performed on overweight controls (+1SD &lt; zBMI ≤ +2SD). The clinical assessment of pubertal development by Tanner staging, including testis volume using a Prader’s orchidometer, was performed by trained physicians. The timing of pubertal milestones was estimated by probit analyses.

Main Outcome Measures
Timing of testicular volume ≥ 4 mL, genital stage ≥ 2, and pubarche.

Results
The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) age of onset of pubertal event in obese boys was as follows: testicular volume ≥ 4 mL, 11.3 years (11.0–11.6); genital stage ≥ 2, 11.6 yrs (11.3–11.9); and pubarche, 11.9 years (11.5–12.3). Testicular volume ≥ 4 mL occurred significantly earlier in obese boys compared to controls (-2SD &lt; zBMI ≤ +2SD) (P = 0.01). We did not observe significant differences for either the timing of pubarche nor the genital stage ≥ 2 (P = 0.06 and P = 0.94, respectively)

Conclusions
We demonstrate that testicular enlargement in obese boys occurs significantly earlier compared to a population-based normal-weight reference cohort.
Prenylflavonoid Icariin Induces Estrogen Response Element–Independent Estrogenic Responses in a Tissue-Selective Manner
Authors: Zhou Liping , Poon Christina Chui-Wa , Wong Ka-Ying , Cao Sisi , Yu Wenxuan , Dong Xiaoli , Lee Wayne Yuk-Wai , Zhang Yan , Wong Man-Sau 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Icariin, a flavonoid phytoestrogen derived from Herba epimedii, has been reported to exert estrogenic effects in bone and activate phosphorylation of estrogen receptor (ER) α in osteoblastic cells. However, it is unclear whether icariin selectively exerts estrogenic activities in bone without inducing undesirable effects in other estrogen-sensitive tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the tissue-selective estrogenic activities of icariin in estrogen-sensitive tissues in vivo and in vitro. Long-term treatment with icariin effectively prevented bone of ovariectomized (OVX) rats from estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporotic changes in bone structure, bone mineral density, and trabecular properties. Moreover, icariin regulated the transcriptional events of estrogen-responsive genes related to bone remodeling and prevented dopaminergic neurons against OVX-induced changes by rescuing expression of estrogen-regulated tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter in the striatum. Unlike estrogen, icariin did not induce estrogenic effects in the uterus and breast in mature OVX rats or immature CD-1 mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that icariin exerted estrogen-like activities and regulated the expression of estrogen-responsive genes but did not induce estrogen response element–dependent luciferase activities in ER-positive cells. Our results support the hypothesis that icariin, through its distinct mechanism of actions in activating ER, selectively exerts estrogenic activities in different tissues and cell types.
BNC1 regulates cell heterogeneity in human pluripotent stem cell-derived epicardium
Authors: Gambardella Laure , McManus Sophie A. , Moignard Victoria , Sebukhan Derya , Delaune Agathe , Andrews Simon , Bernard William G. , Morrison Maura A. , Riley Paul R. , Göttgens Berthold , Gambardella Le Novère Nicolas , Sinha Sanjay 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The murine developing epicardium heterogeneously expresses the transcription factors TCF21 and WT1. Here, we show that this cell heterogeneity is conserved in human epicardium, regulated by BNC1 and associated with cell fate and function. Single cell RNA sequencing of epicardium derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-epi) revealed that distinct epicardial subpopulations are defined by high levels of expression for the transcription factors BNC1 or TCF21. WT1+ cells are included in the BNC1+ population, which was confirmed in human foetal hearts. THY1 emerged as a membrane marker of the TCF21 population. We show that THY1+ cells can differentiate into cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), whereas THY1− cells were predominantly restricted to SMCs. Knocking down BNC1 during the establishment of the epicardial populations resulted in a homogeneous, predominantly TCF21high population. Network inference methods using transcriptomic data from the different cell lineages derived from the hPSC-epi delivered a core transcriptional network organised around WT1, TCF21 and BNC1. This study unveils a list of epicardial regulators and is a step towards engineering subpopulations of epicardial cells with selective biological activities.
Melanoma mutations modify melanocyte dynamics in co-culture with keratinocytes or fibroblasts
Authors: Škalamera Dubravka , Stevenson Alexander J. , Ehmann Anna , Ainger Stephen A. , Lanagan Catherine , Sturm Richard A. , Gabrielli Brian 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Melanocytic cell interactions are integral to skin homeostasis, and affect the outcome of multiple diseases, including cutaneous pigmentation disorders and melanoma. By using automated-microscopy and machine-learning-assisted morphology analysis of primary human melanocytes in co-culture, we performed combinatorial interrogation of melanocyte genotypic variants and functional assessment of lentivirus-introduced mutations. Keratinocyte-induced melanocyte dendricity, an indicator of melanocyte differentiation, was reduced in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) R/R variant strain and by NRAS.Q61K and BRAF.V600E expression, while expression of CDK4.R24C and RAC1.P29S had no detectable effect. Time-lapse tracking of melanocytes in co-culture revealed dynamic interaction phenotypes and hyper-motile cell states that indicated that, in addition to the known role in activating mitogenic signalling, MEK-pathway-activating mutations may also allow melanocytes to escape keratinocyte control and increase their invasive potential. Expanding this combinatorial platform will identify other therapeutic target mutations and melanocyte genetic variants, as well as increase understanding of skin cell interactions.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Children
Authors: HAAPALA EERO A. , WIKLUND PETRI , LINTU NIINA , TOMPURI TUOMO , VÄISTÖ JUUSO , FINNI TAIJA , TARKKA INA M. , KEMPPAINEN TITTA , BARKER ALAN R. , EKELUND ULF , BRAGE SOREN , LAKKA TIMO A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Few studies have investigated the independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage (BF%) with insulin resistance in children. We investigated the independent and combined associations of CRF and BF% with fasting glycemia and insulin resistance and their interactions with physical activity (PA) and sedentary time among 452 children age 6 to 8 yr.

Methods
We assessed CRF with a maximal cycle ergometer exercise test and used allometrically scaled maximal power output (W
max) for lean body mass (LM1.13) and body mass (BM1) as measures of CRF. The BF% and LM were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, fasting glycemia by fasting plasma glucose, and insulin resistance by fasting serum insulin and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The PA energy expenditure, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and sedentary time were assessed by combined movement and heart rate sensor.

Results

W
max/LM1.13 was not associated with glucose (β = 0.065, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.031 to 0.161), insulin (β = −0.079, 95% CI = −0.172 to 0.015), or HOMA-IR (β = −0.065, 95% CI = −0.161 to 0.030). W
max/BM1 was inversely associated with insulin (β = −0.289, 95% CI = −0.377 to −0.200) and HOMA-IR (β = −0.269, 95% CI = −0.359 to −0.180). The BF% was directly associated with insulin (β = 0.409, 95% CI = 0.325 to 0.494) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.390, 95% CI = 0.304 to 0.475). Higher W
max/BM1, but not W
max/LM1.13, was associated with lower insulin and HOMA-IR in children with higher BF%. Children with higher BF% and who had lower levels of MVPA or higher levels of sedentary time had the highest insulin and HOMA-IR.

Conclusions
Children with higher BF% together with less MVPA or higher levels of sedentary time had the highest insulin and HOMA-IR. Cardiorespiratory fitness appropriately controlled for body size and composition using LM was not related to insulin resistance among children.
Corticospinal Modulations during Motor Imagery of Concentric, Eccentric, and Isometric Actions
Authors: GROSPRÊTRE SIDNEY , PAPAXANTHIS CHARALAMBOS , MARTIN ALAIN 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
It is not known yet whether the neurophysiological specificity of eccentric, concentric, and isometric contractions can also be observed when these are mentally simulated. Therefore, our aim was to assess corticospinal excitability during motor imagery (MI) of different contraction types and to test whether a passive movement during MI could have additional effects.

Methods
Twelve young participants imagined contractions of the wrist flexors, firstly with the arm motionless (static mode) and second, with a congruent passive movement (wrist extension during eccentric MI and wrist flexion during concentric MI). Motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and H-reflexes were elicited in flexor carpi radialis (FCR) at rest and during the three types of MI. As a secondary outcome, the MEP of one antagonist (extensor carpi radialis), elicited concomitantly with FCR MEP recording, were also analyzed.

Results
In static mode, FCR MEP were facilitated during isometric (P = 0.046) and concentric (P = 0.039) MI, but not during eccentric MI (P = 0.902). With passive congruent movements, FCR MEP were enhanced during all imagined contraction types, including eccentric (P = 0.047). FCR H-reflexes increased only during eccentric MI accompanied with wrist extension (P = 0.003). Extensor carpi radialis MEP were modulated only when a passive congruent movement was provided (P = 0.040).

Conclusions
Like actual contractions, eccentric MI exhibits specific neural correlates, compared with isometric and concentric MI, which should be considered when using this modality for training. The present results showed that adding passive movements congruent to the eccentric MI task would enhance its impact over corticospinal structures.
Isometric Exercise with Large Muscle Mass Improves Redox Balance and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Adults
Authors: OLHER RAFAEL REIS , ROSA THIAGO SANTOS , SOUZA LUIZ HUMBERTO RODRIGUES , OLIVEIRA JOSÉ FERNANDO , SOARES BRANDE RANTER ALVES , RIBEIRO THIAGO BELARMINO ALVES , SOUZA IORANNY RAQUEL CASTRO , NEVES RODRIGO VANERSON PASSOS , SOUSA CAIO VICTOR , DEUS LYSLEINE ALVES , MARCHETTI PAULO HENRIQUE , SIMOES HERBERT GUSTAVO , MORAES MILTON ROCHA 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic, oxidative stress (OS), and nitric oxide (NO−) responses to a submaximal isometric exercise session (IES) involving large muscle mass.

Methods
Fourteen hypertensive (HTG: age = 35.9 ± 8.1 yr, height = 1.73 ± 0.10 m, total body mass = 78.0 ± 15.8 kg) and 10 normotensive (NTG: age = 41.1 ± 9.4 yr, height = 1.71 ± 0.12 m, total body mass = 82.3 ± 22.4 kg) participants performed two experimental sessions in the leg press and bench press: (i) control session and (ii) 8 sets × 1 min contraction at 30% maximal voluntary isometric contraction with 2-min rest interval. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at rest and during 60 min postexercise. Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately after the session, and 60 min postexercise. NO− was obtained through the Griess reaction method. OS parameters were analyzed using commercial kits. A repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze all dependent variables.

Results
A significant decrease in systolic BP was observed only for HTG at 45 and 60 min postexercise (baseline vs 45 min: P = 0.03, Δ% = 4.44%; vs 60 min: P = 0.018, Δ% = 5.58%). NO− increased immediately postexercise only for HTG (P = 0.008, Δ% = 16.44%). Regarding OS parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances presented a significant reduction 60 min after the IES for NTG and HTG; catalase increased in both groups.

Conclusions
The data showed that only 8 min of IES with a large muscle mass elicits an elevated pro-oxidant activity leading to a greater NO− bioavailability, increases antioxidant reaction, and consequently reduces BP in hypertensive patients.
Atrial Fibrillation: Should Lifelong Athletes Be Worried?
Authors: Drum Scott N. , Donath Lars , Dehlin Chris , Kashou Anthony , Noseworthy Peter A. , Zacher Jonas 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Atrial fibrillation (AF) in lifetime athletes (e.g., ≥5 years of participation) is a growing concern but remains enigmatic. Intriguingly, a direct relationship between lifetime training hours and risk of developing AF exists. Professionals in exercise and sport science are at the forefront to help recognize symptoms and direct the athlete to appropriate medical clinicians for expedient care. Although AF in athletes is usually not accompanied by structural heart disease or stroke risk factors (i.e., termed lone AF), it may, nonetheless, pose health risks. In this study, we review various types of AF, proposed mechanisms, and treatment strategies for athletes with AF.
Using the Nordic Hamstring Exercise to Reduce Hamstring Injuries in Gaelic Football
Authors: Brown Justin R. , Macklin Ian , Waller Michael 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Various modes of football, such as soccer, rugby, Gaelic football (GF), and Australian rules football (ARF), have been carefully examined regarding injuries, risk factors, and training to prevent injury. To date, few studies have examined hamstring injury (HI) in GF. Other modes of football have received a considerable amount of research. The research indicates many HIs are common during movements such as high-speed running, deceleration, and kicking. The purpose of this article is to introduce the Nordic hamstring exercise as an exercise used to increase eccentric hamstring muscle strength and reduce HI.
On autoregressive moving-average models as a tool of virtual stock-exchange: experimental investigation
Authors: Mockus Jonas , Katina Joana , Katin Igor 
Published: November 2019

The objective of this work is to investigate experimentally the well-known autoregressive models as simplest algorithms simulating prediction processes of the stockholders using the historical stock rates only. The “virtual” stock exchange which applies these algorithms can help in testing various assumptions of investor behavior. To represent users that prefer linear utility functions, the autoregressive moving-average model (ARMA-ABS(p, q)), minimizing the absolute values of prediction errors is regarded, in addition to the traditional ARMA(p, q) model which minimize the least square errors. The results of two hundred actual financial time series and a hundred of virtual ones are discussed in short.