bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA‐directed DNA methylation has an important developmental function in Arabidopsis that is masked by the chromatin remodeler PICKLE
Authors: Yang Rong , He Li , Huang Huan , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Lozano‐Duran Rosa , Zhang Heng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Arabidopsis, RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is required for the maintenance of CHH methylation, and for de novo methylation in all (CG, CHG, and CHH) contexts, but no obvious effect of RdDM deficiency on plant development has been found to date. We show that the combination of mutations in the chromatin remodeler PKL and RdDM components results in developmental alterations, which appear in a SUPPRESSOR OF DRM1 DRM2 CMT3 (SDC)‐dependent manner.
Reactivity to accelerometer measurement of youth with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities
Authors: Zhu X. , Haegele J. A. , Wang D. , Zhang L. , Wu X. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundReactivity occurs when research participants alter their behaviours due to the awareness of being monitored, which is a concern with using wearable devices to measure physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine reactivity to accelerometer measurement among youth with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities (ID).MethodsA sample of 175 youth with ID (108 with moderate and 67 with severe ID) was recruited from residential centres in China. Demographic data were measured using a parent‐reported questionnaire, and light physical activity (LPA) and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured using the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers. Data were analysed using an analysis of covariances where Day 1 LPA/MVPA, Day 2–6 LPA/MVPA, and Day 7 LPA/MVPA were repeated measures.ResultsYouth with moderate ID had significantly higher LPA (8.01%) and MVPA (10.30%) on Day 1 than Day 2–6. Similarly, youth with severe ID had significantly higher LPA (21.69%) and MVPA (19.48%) on Day 1 than Day 2–6. An inverse reactivity was also found on Day 7 among youth with severe ID for LPA (−10.65%) and MVPA (−14.82%).ConclusionsReactivity to accelerometer measurement was found for youth with moderate and severe ID. Findings support the utilisation of a 1‐day familiarisation period, as well as discounting the final day of measurement, when examining physical activity behaviours among youth with moderate and severe ID.
Patterns of orofacial pain practice amongst oral medicine specialists in Australia
Authors: Tiwari Lalima , Balasubramaniam Ramesh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate and describe the current patterns of practice pertaining to orofacial pain amongst oral medicine specialists in Australia and provide insight into the access of care available to orofacial pain patients in Australia.MethodsA survey involving questions relevant to orofacial pain, patient and practitioner demographics was designed and disseminated via an online polling platform to all Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency registered oral medicine specialists. Results were collated online, and simple descriptive statistics were utilised for data analysis.ResultsTwenty‐six oral medicine specialists were included in this study, with a survey response rate of 81.2%. All specialists considered orofacial pain practice as part of the oral medicine specialty. 96.2% assessed and managed orofacial pain patients as part of their oral medicine practice. The greatest proportion (30.8%) of oral medicine specialists were practicing in Western Australia, a state which represents 10.3% of the Australian population. All respondents reportedly diagnose temporomandibular disorders, followed by orofacial neuropathy (96.2%) and headache or neurovascular disorders (80.8%). 92.3% of specialists managed orofacial neuropathy followed by temporomandibular disorders (84.6%) and headache or neurovascular disorders (50%).ConclusionThis is the first study to report on patterns of orofacial pain practice amongst oral medicine specialists in Australia. Findings demonstrate that oral medicine specialists in Australia are actively engaged in the assessment and management of the orofacial pain patient. There, however, appears to be disproportionate access to care by oral medicine specialists for patients with orofacial pain across Australia.
Trauma‐Specific Treatment for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Review of the Literature From 2008 to 2018
Authors: Keesler John M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at increased risk for adverse experiences and developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, trauma and PTSD in this population are frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated. Despite the availability of multiple types of trauma‐specific treatments for the general population, there is a gap in understanding these collective interventions within the IDD literature.Specific AimsThe aim of this article was to conduct a review of the peer‐reviewed literature on trauma‐specific treatment and IDD published from 2008 to 2018.MethodA systematic search of online databases was conducted using Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, and Social Work Abstracts. A quality appraisal was conducted on the studies included in the review.FindingsTwelve articles described four types of trauma‐specific treatments: child–parent psychotherapy, exposure therapy, trauma‐focused cognitive behavior therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. All studies demonstrated that the interventions were well tolerated and associated with improvement in trauma symptoms. Eight studies demonstrated sustained improvement at follow‐up, ranging from 6 weeks to 5 years.DiscussionResearch on trauma‐specific treatments among individuals with IDD continues to present with methodological limitations yet provides considerations for future practice and a foundation for future research.
Caring for the carers: Advice for dealing with sleep problems of hospital staff during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Ballesio Andrea , Lombardo Caterina , Lucidi Fabio , Violani Cristiano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHospital staff are at the frontline in the COVID‐19 outbreak. The stressors they experience may induce sleep problems in a population already at risk. Sleep deprivation, long shifts and insomnia in hospital staff have been associated with individual, organizational and public health hazards. These include increased risk of mental and somatic disorders, altered immune responses, medical errors, misunderstandings, drowsy driving and burnout. In March 2020, the World Health Organization called for providing access to mental health and counselling for health professionals involved in the COVID‐19 outbreak. To answer this call, we propose practical advice for the management of sleep problems (sleep deprivation, insomnia and shift work) that can be included in supportive interventions. The advice is based on psychobiological principles of sleep regulation and on guidelines for the treatment of insomnia and was implemented within an initiative offering psychological support to the staff of three university hospitals in Rome.
Radiomics in liver diseases: Current progress and future opportunities
Authors: Wei Jingwei , Jiang Hanyu , Gu Dongsheng , Niu Meng , Fu Fangfang , Han Yuqi , Song Bin , Tian Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiver diseases, a wide spectrum of pathologies from inflammation to neoplasm, have become an increasingly significant health problem worldwide. Noninvasive imaging plays a critical role in the clinical workflow of liver diseases, but conventional imaging assessment may provide limited information. Accurate detection, characterization and monitoring remain challenging. With progress in quantitative imaging analysis techniques, radiomics emerged as an efficient tool that shows promise to aid in personalized diagnosis and treatment decision‐making. Radiomics could reflect the heterogeneity of liver lesions via extracting high‐throughput and high‐dimensional features from multi‐modality imaging. Machine learning algorithms are then used to construct clinical target‐oriented imaging biomarkers to assist disease management. Here, we review the methodological process in liver disease radiomics studies in a stepwise fashion from data acquisition and curation, region of interest segmentation, liver‐specific feature extraction, to task‐oriented modelling. Furthermore, the applications of radiomics in liver diseases are outlined in aspects of diagnosis and staging, evaluation of liver tumour biological behaviours, and prognosis according to different disease type. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of radiomics in liver disease studies and explore its future opportunities.
Phylogenetic reassessment of gorals with new evidence from northern Myanmar reveals five distinct species
Authors: Li Guogang , Sun Nan , Swa Kyaw , Zhang Mingxia , Lwin Ye Htet , Quan Rui‐Chang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearchers have recognised one to seven species of goral (Naemorhedus spp., Caprinae, Bovidae). We compared all available whole mitogenomic sequences, including eight new ones from northern Myanmar, and now recognise five distinct species. Naemorhedus caudatus remains a valid species. Naemorhedus griseus is a synonym of Naemorhedus goral. Naemorhedus evansi is a valid species, with a geographic range that extends northwards into southwestern China. Naemorhedus cranbrooki and Naemorhedus baileyi are distinct species, not synonyms. Molecular divergence analyses suggest that goral speciation was closely related to the rapid uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and Hengduan Mountains from the early Pliocene to the Pleistocene.
The CWPS Rubik’s cube: Linking diversity of cell wall polysaccharide structures with the encoded biosynthetic machinery of selected Lactococcus lactis strains
Authors: Mahony Jennifer , Frantzen Cyril , Vinogradov Evgeny , Sadovskaya Irina , Theodorou Ilias , Kelleher Philip , Chapot‐Chartier Marie‐Pierre , Cambillau Christian , Holo Helge , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe biosynthetic machinery for cell wall polysaccharide (CWPS) production in lactococci is encoded by a large gene cluster, designated cwps. This locus displays considerable variation among lactococcal genomes, previously prompting a classification into three distinct genotypes (A–C). In the present study, the cwps loci of 107 lactococcal strains were compared, revealing the presence of a fourth cwps genotype (type D). Lactococcal CWPSs are comprised of two saccharidic structures: a peptidoglycan‐embedded rhamnan backbone polymer to which a surface‐exposed, poly/oligosaccharidic side‐chain is covalently linked. Chemical structures of the side‐chain of seven lactococcal strains were elucidated, highlighting their diverse and strain‐specific nature. Furthermore, a link between cwps genotype and chemical structure was derived based on the number of glycosyltransferase‐encoding genes in the cwps cluster and the presence of conserved genes encoding the presumed priming glycosyltransferase. This facilitates predictions of several structural features of lactococcal CWPSs including (a) whether the CWPS possesses short oligo/polysaccharide side‐chains, (b) the number of component monosaccharides in a given CWPS structure, (c) the order of monosaccharide incorporation into the repeating units of the side‐chain (for C‐type strains), (d) the presence of Galf and phosphodiester bonds in the side‐chain, and (e) the presence of glycerol phosphate substituents in the side‐chain.
Inhibition of ROCK signaling pathway accelerates enteric neural crest cell‐based therapy after transplantation in a rat hypoganglionic model
Authors: Zhao Yuying , Ge Xin , Yu Hui , Kuil Laura E. , Alves Maria M. , Tian Donghao , Huang Qiang , Chen Xinlin , Hofstra Robert M. W. , Gao Ya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by enteric ganglia absence in part or entire of the colon, due to abnormal colonization and migration of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs) during development. Currently, besides surgery which is the main therapy for HSCR, the potential of stem cell‐based transplantation was investigated as an alternative option. Although promising, it has limitations, including poor survival, differentiation, and migration of the grafted cells. We hypothesized that modulation of extracellular factors during transplantation could promote ENCCs proliferation and migration, leading to increased transplantation efficiency. Considering that the RhoA/ROCK pathway is highly involved in cytoskeletal dynamics and neurite growth, our study explored the effect of inhibition of this pathway to improve the success of ENCCs transplantation.MethodsEnteric neural crest cells were isolated from rat embryos and labeled with a GFP‐tag. Cell viability, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration assays were performed with and without RhoA/ROCK inhibition. Labeled ENCCs were transplanted into the muscle layer of an induced hypoganglionic rat model followed by intraperitoneal injections of ROCK inhibitor. The transplanted segments were collected 3 weeks after for histological analysis.Key ResultsOur results showed that inhibition of ROCK increased viable cell number, differentiation, and migration of ENCCs in vitro. Moreover, transplantation of labeled ENCCs into the hypoganglionic model showed enhanced distribution of grafted ENCCs, upon treatment with ROCK inhibitor.Conclusions and InferencesROCK inhibitors influence ENCCs growth and migration in vitro and in vivo, and should be considered to improve the efficiency of ENCCs transplantation.
A 12‐month pilot study outcomes of vagus nerve stimulation in Crohn's disease
Authors: Sinniger Valérie , Pellissier Sonia , Fauvelle Florence , Trocmé Candice , Hoffmann Dominique , Vercueil Laurent , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , David Olivier , Bonaz Bruno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe vagus nerve has anti‐inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as a new therapeutic strategy targeting an intrinsic anti‐inflammatory pathway in a pilot study in Crohn's disease patients. The main objectives addressed the questions of long‐term safety, tolerability, and anti‐inflammatory effects of this therapy. This study is the continuation of previous reported findings at 6 months.MethodsNine patients with moderate active disease underwent VNS. An electrode wrapped around the left cervical vagus nerve was continuously stimulated over 1 year. Clinical, biological, endoscopic parameters, cytokines (plasma, gut), and mucosal metabolites were followed‐up.Key ResultsAfter 1 year of VNS, five patients were in clinical remission and six in endoscopic remission. C‐reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin decreased in six and five patients, respectively. Seven patients restored their vagal tone and decreased their digestive pain score. The patients' cytokinergic profile evolved toward a more “healthy profile”: Interleukins 6, 23, 12, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factorβ1 were the most impacted cytokines. Correlations were observed between CRP and tumor necrosis factor α, and some gut mucosa metabolites as taurine, lactate, alanine, and beta‐hydroxybutyrate. VNS was well tolerated.Conclusion & InferencesVagus nerve stimulation appears as an innovative and well‐tolerated treatment in moderate Crohn's disease. After 12 months, VNS has restored a homeostatic vagal tone and reduced the inflammatory state of the patients. VNS has probably a global modulatory effect on the immune system along with gut metabolic regulations. This pilot study needs replication in a larger randomized double‐blinded control study.
Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum on inflammasomes and their regulators in H400 cells
Authors: Aral Kübra , Milward Michael R. , Gupta Dhanak , Cooper Paul R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionInflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that regulate immune processes in response to infections and tissue damage. They modulate Interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) expression, a major proinflammatory cytokine. The inflammasome/IL‐1β pathway is involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression and the periodontal pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) have been reported to cause chronic inflammation in HNSCC. The aim of this study was to characterise the role of these pathogens in regulating inflammasome activity and the IL‐1β response in HNSCC in vitro.MethodsAn HNSCC cell line (H400) was exposed to Fn and Pg individually or in combination for 24h, ± incubation for 30 min with 5 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Transcript levels of inflammasomes, NLRP3 and AIM2; inflammasome‐regulatory proteins, POP1, CARD16 and TRIM16; and inflammasome‐component, ASC and caspase 1 and IL‐1β, were assayed by RT‐PCR. Expression of IL‐1β was by immunocytochemistry and ELISA.ResultsNLRP3 expression was significantly upregulated in response to Pg, Fn + Pg, Pg + ATP and Fn + Pg + ATP. AIM2 was significantly upregulated by Fn, Pg and Fn + Pg + ATP exposure. All conditions significantly upregulated IL‐1β gene expression. POP1 expression was significantly downregulated by Pg or Fn exposure but not by Fn + Pg. Intracellular pro‐ and mature IL‐1β were significantly higher following Fn and Pg + ATP exposure.ConclusionPg alone increased IL‐1β by upregulating AIM2, NLRP3 and downregulating POP1. Fn promoted IL‐1β by increasing AIM2 and downregulating POP1. Pg + ATP with or without Fn upregulated NLRP3, IL‐1β by downregulating POP1. Periodontal pathogens may contribute to HNSCC pathogenesis by increasing the IL‐1β response due to inflammasome dysregulation.
Balancing of hormonal biosynthesis and catabolism pathways, a strategy to ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress on reproductive growth
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Ozga Jocelyn A. , Reinecke Dennis M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn pea (Pisum sativum L.), moderate heat stress during early flowering/fruit set increased seed/ovule abortion, and concomitantly produced fruits with reduced ovary (pericarp) length, and fewer seeds at maturity. Plant hormonal networks coordinate seed and pericarp growth and development. To determine if these hormonal networks are modulated in response to heat stress, we analyzed the gene expression patterns and associated these patterns with precursors, and bioactive and inactive metabolites of the auxin, gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene biosynthesis/catabolism pathways in young developing seeds and pericarps of non‐stressed and 4‐day heat‐stressed fruits. Our data suggest that within the developing seeds heat stress decreased bioactive GA levels reducing GA growth‐related processes, and that increased ethylene levels may have promoted this inhibitory response. In contrast, heat stress increased auxin biosynthesis gene expression and auxin levels in the seeds and pericarps, and seed ABA levels, both effects can increase seed sink strength. We hypothesize that seeds with higher auxin‐ and ABA‐induced sink strength and adequate bioactive GA levels will set and continue to grow, while the seeds with lower sink strength (low auxin, ABA, and GA levels) will become more sensitive to heat stress‐induced ethylene leading to ovule/seed abortion.
Transepidermal water loss in the orphan forms of ichthyosis
Authors: Erickson Taylor R. , Murphrey Morgan B. , Abu‐Zayed Hajar , Wu Benedict , Ibler Erin , Rangel Stephanie M. , Paller Amy S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a surrogate measure of skin barrier dysfunction, we sought to determine differences in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) among ichthyosis subtypes and correlate TEWL with clinical severity. Subjects with Netherton syndrome had the highest TEWL values (increased water loss), while TEWL values were lowest in subjects with epidermolytic ichthyosis. TEWL correlated with severity only in lamellar ichthyosis and age was inversely correlated with TEWL (rs = −.213, P = .02). TEWL is an objective measure that complements disease severity in ichthyosis and may be used as an adjuvant to monitor treatment response.
Spouses' responses to the dietary nonadherence of their partners managing diabetes
Authors: August Kristin J. , Franks Melissa M. , Rook Karen S. , Stephens Mary Ann Parris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe association between patients' dietary nonadherence and spouses' involvement in patients' diabetes diet was examined, with spouses' anxiety about nonadherence considered as a mediator of this association. Daily diary data from 128 older adult patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses were analyzed using multilevel models. Results revealed that on days when patients reported less adherence to their diabetes diet than usual, spouses reported greater anxiety about patients' diabetes management, which, in turn, was related to greater spousal persuasion and pressure the same day. The association between patients' nonadherence and diet‐related support on the same day was not mediated, however, through spouses' anxiety. The findings contribute to an understanding of spouses' responses to patients' nonadherence to their diabetes regimen.
Exploring the Demand‐Side Factors Associated with the Use of Implants in Kenya
Authors: Obare Francis , Mumah Joyce , Odwe George , Machiyama Kazuyo , Cleland John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe explore the demand‐side factors associated with the use of implants in Kenya given the notable rapid increase in uptake of the method in the country. Data are from a longitudinal study conducted among married or cohabiting women aged 15–39 years at the time of recruitment in one rural (2,424 women) and one urban (2,812 women) site. Analysis entails descriptive statistics and estimation of multivariate logistic regression models. The results show that the key demand‐side factors associated with the use of implants were low discontinuation of the method compared with alternatives and strong motivation on the part of the women for long‐term spacing of births. However, implants had no perceived advantages over the main alternative methods in terms of beliefs about possible damage to health or unpleasant side effects or in terms of satisfaction with use. The findings suggest that addressing concerns about safety for long‐term use and for health may increase demand for implants in particular and long‐acting reversible contraceptives in general in the study settings or in similar contexts, especially among women who desire long‐term spacing of births.
Social Network Analysis Methods and the Geography of Education: Regional Divides and Elite Circuits in the School to University Transition in the UK
Authors: Gamsu Sol , Donnelly Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper uses social network analysis methods to explore how the spatial mobility of students to attend university creates regional divisions and socio‐spatial hierarchies of schools and universities. Using community detection methods as our methodological lens we stitch together regional economic geography, the student mobilities literature and the sociological and geographical analysis of elite education. Combining these statistical techniques with qualitative data from our broader study, we explore student flows between different geographical areas in the UK for universities. The clusters or ‘communities’ of areas underline how student migration to attend university in the UK is a moment which reflects and re‐creates regional and national boundaries. The second part of the paper examines school to university student flows, highlighting a distinctive, predominantly English cluster of elite schools and universities. Examining student mobility patterns with network methods allows us to distinguish a distinctive archipelagic geography of elite formation through higher education.