bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal Movement Disorders in Multiple System Atrophy: A Diagnostic Biomarker?
Authors: Gandor Florin , Vogel Annemarie , Claus Inga , Ahring Sigrid , Gruber Doreen , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Dziewas Rainer , Ebersbach Georg , Warnecke Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder, and its parkinsonian variant can be difficult to delineate from Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite laryngeal dysfunction being associated with decreased life expectancy and quality of life, systematic assessments of laryngeal dysfunction in large cohorts are missing.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to systematically assess laryngeal dysfunction in MSA and PD and identify laryngeal symptoms that allow for differentiating MSA from PD.MethodsPatients with probable or possible MSA underwent flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing performing a systematic task protocol. Findings were compared with an age‐matched PD cohort.ResultsA total of 57 patients with MSA (64 [59–71] years; 35 women) were included, and task assessments during endoscopic examination compared with 57 patients with PD (67 [60–73]; 28 women). Patients with MSA had a shorter disease duration (4 [3–5] years vs 7 [5–10]; P < 0.0001) and higher disease severity (Hoehn & Yahr stage 4 [3–4] vs 3 [2–4]; P < 0.0001). Of the patients with MSA, 43.9% showed clinically overt laryngeal dysfunction with inspiratory stridor. During endoscopic task assessment, however, 93% of patients with MSA demonstrated laryngeal dysfunction in contrast with only 1.8% of patients with PD (P < 0.0001). Irregular arytenoid cartilages movements were present in 91.2% of patients with MSA, but in no patients with PD (P < 0.0001). Further findings included vocal fold motion impairment (75.4%), paradoxical vocal fold motion (33.3%), and vocal fold fixation (19.3%). One patient with PD showed vocal fold motion impairment.ConclusionLaryngeal movement disorders are highly prevalent in patients with MSA when assessed by a specific task protocol despite the lack of overt clinical symptoms. Our data suggest that irregular arytenoid cartilage movements could be used as a clinical marker to delineate MSA from PD with a specificity of 1.0 and sensitivity 0.9. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Guidelines for the use of diagnostic imaging in musculoskeletal pain conditions affecting the lower back, knee and shoulder: A scoping review
Authors: Cuff Andrew , Parton Stephen , Tyer Robert , Dikomitis Lisa , Foster Nadine , Littlewood Chris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the most common reasons for primary care consultation, particularly pain in the lower back (LBP), knee and shoulder. The use of diagnostic imaging for MSK pain is increasing, but it is unclear whether this increase is justified on the basis of clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations.AimTo identify and map the content of CPGs that informs the use of diagnostic imaging in those with nontraumatic LBP, knee and shoulder pain in primary and intermediate care in the UK.Design and SettingA scoping review of CPGs.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted and is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidance. A broad search strategy included electronic searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus from 2009 to 17 April 2019. This was conducted alongside a search of guideline repositories and was combined with a snowball search of Google, relevant professional bodies and use of social media.Results31 relevant CPGs were included. Routine use of diagnostic imaging for those with nontraumatic LBP, knee or shoulder pain is generally discouraged in primary care or intermediate care. Diagnostic imaging should be reserved for when specific or serious pathology is suspected or where the person is not responding to initial nonsurgical management and the imaging result is expected to change clinical management decisions.ConclusionDiagnostic imaging should not be routinely requested in primary or intermediate care for nontraumatic LBP, knee or shoulder pain. CPGs do not justify the increasing imaging rates in the UK for MSK pain.
Efficient Krylov subspace methods for uncertainty quantification in large Bayesian linear inverse problems
Authors: Saibaba Arvind K. , Chung Julianne , Petroske Katrina 
Published: August 2020

SummaryUncertainty quantification for linear inverse problems remains a challenging task, especially for problems with a very large number of unknown parameters (e.g., dynamic inverse problems) and for problems where computation of the square root and inverse of the prior covariance matrix are not feasible. This work exploits Krylov subspace methods to develop and analyze new techniques for large‐scale uncertainty quantification in inverse problems. In this work, we assume that generalized Golub‐Kahan‐based methods have been used to compute an estimate of the solution, and we describe efficient methods to explore the posterior distribution. In particular, we use the generalized Golub‐Kahan bidiagonalization to derive an approximation of the posterior covariance matrix, and we provide theoretical results that quantify the accuracy of the approximate posterior covariance matrix and of the resulting posterior distribution. Then, we describe efficient methods that use the approximation to compute measures of uncertainty, including the Kullback‐Liebler divergence. We present two methods that use the preconditioned Lanczos algorithm to efficiently generate samples from the posterior distribution. Numerical examples from dynamic photoacoustic tomography demonstrate the effectiveness of the described approaches.
Separation of the collagen protein by ultrafiltration: Effects of concentration on the membrane's characteristics
Authors: Scutariu Roxana‐Elena , Batrinescu Gheorghe , Nechifor Gheorghe , Popescu Mariana , Tenea Anda G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCollagen is one of the predominant proteins found in all multicellular animals. In this paper, the performance of the ultrafiltration process (UF) for concentrating the collagen protein was studied by performing batch experiments using a membrane module with an effective area of 28 cm2 and equipped with a regenerated cellulose membrane with a molecular weight cut‐off of 5 kDa. The feed solution consisted of aqueous solutions of bovine collagen hydrolysate with a molecular weight of 10 kDa. The effects of feed concentration (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) on the performance were determined. The optimum operating conditions were: a transmembrane pressure of 5 bar and a temperature of 25°C. The results showed that the permeability decreases with the increase of the volumetric concentration factor (VCF) for all five concentrated solutions of collagen tested. Also, the rejection of proteins increases with the increase in the concentration of the collagen solutions. The study confirms that the clogging phenomenon was dependent on the increase of concentration. Further, a mathematical modeling of fouling mechanism was analyzed based on Hermia's model. The concentration of the collagen solutions was also highlighted by viscosity measurements.
Agreement between spirometry and impulse oscillometry for lung function assessment in 6‐year‐old children born extremely preterm and at term
Authors: Lundberg Björn , Melén Erik , Thunqvist Per , Norman Mikael , Hallberg Jenny 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtremely preterm birth is a risk factor for reduced lung function later in life, and clinical follow‐up from early childhood is recommended. Dynamic spirometry is the most widely used method to assess airway obstruction, but impulse oscillometry (IOS) may be an alternative method that is easier to perform in young children. The feasibility and agreement between spirometry and IOS outcome variables has not been investigated in children born extremely preterm.AimTo determine the feasibility of and correlation between spirometry and IOS in pre‐school children born extremely preterm.MethodsSpirometry and IOS were performed in 6‐year‐old children born extremely preterm (n = 88) and age‐matched term controls (n = 84) in Stockholm, Sweden. Correlations between spirometry and IOS outcome variables were analyzed using Pearson's partial correlation, adjusting for height.ResultsSuccess rate for spirometry (60%) was lower than for IOS (93%) but did not differ significantly between the preterm and term groups (56% and 64% for spirometry, P = .25; and 92% and 94% for IOS, P = .61). Correlations between spirometry and IOS outcomes were at best moderate (Spearman's r = −0.31 to −0.56). Normal IOS identified 69% to 90% of those with normal spirometry. A negative predictive value of 90% was found for R5‐R20 versus FEV0.75/FVC, suggesting that IOS may be used to exclude obstructive airway disease as measured by spirometry.ConclusionIOS is a more feasible method than spirometry to assess lung function in young children irrespective of gestational age at birth and could be considered an alternative in children who cannot perform spirometry.
Atopy and pulmonary function among healthy‐weight and overweight/obese children with asthma
Authors: Farhat Lara , de Vos Gabriele , De Aliva , Lee Diana S. , Rastogi Deepa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEpidemiologic studies have found low/absence of atopy in obese asthmatic children, but the association or lack thereof of atopy with disease morbidity, including pulmonary function, in obese asthma is not well understood. We sought to define the association of atopy with pulmonary function in overweight/obese minority children with asthma.MethodsIn a retrospective chart review of 200 predominantly minority children evaluated at an academic Pediatric Asthma Center over 5 years, we compared the prevalence of atopy, defined as 1 positive skin prick test or serum‐specific immunoglobulin E quantification to environmental allergens, and its association with pulmonary function in overweight/obese (body mass index [BMI] > 85th percentile) (n = 99) to healthy‐weight children (BMI, 5th‐85th percentile for age) (n = 101).ResultsIn a cohort comprised of 47.5% Hispanics and 39.5% African Americans, 81% of overweight/obese and 74% of healthy‐weight children were atopic. While atopic healthy‐weight children had lower percent‐predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (93 ± 13.6 vs 107% ± 33.2%, P = .03) and lower percent‐predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) (93% ± 12.2% vs 104% ± 16.1%, P = .01) as compared to nonatopic children, atopy was not associated with FEV1 (P = .7) or FVC (P = .17) in overweight/obese children. Adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, atopy was found to be an independent predictor of FEV1 and FVC in healthy‐weight (β = −2.4, P = .07 and β = −1.7, P = .04, respectively) but not in overweight/obese children (β = .6, P = .5 and β = .8, P = .3).ConclusionsAtopy is associated with lower lung function in healthy‐weight asthmatics but not in overweight/obese asthmatics, supporting the role of nonallergic mechanisms in disease burden in pediatric obesity‐related asthma.
An increasing public health burden arising from children infected with SARS‐CoV2: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Baojia , Wang Hui , Yu Cuixiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) is spreading all over the world and poses a great threat to humans. This study aimed to systematically review the current situation and public health burden associated with children infected with SARS‐CoV2.MethodsWe searched four electronic databases without language limitations. The pooled proportion or odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each analysis to explore the prevalence of asymptomatic infection and coinfection, as well as to assess the sex of SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected children.ResultsWe obtained data from 14 eligible studies with 410 patients for the meta‐analysis. The pooled proportion of asymptomatic infection was 40.45% (95% CI, 24.04‐56.85), while coinfection was 10.14% (95% CI, 3.97‐16.30), of which Mycoplasma pneumonia (50%; 95% CI, 28.24‐71.76) and influenza virus or parainfluenza virus (22.76%; 95% CI, 4.76‐40.77) were the most common pathogens. Both male and female children were susceptible to SARS‐CoV2 infection. And the pooled proportion of family clustering infection was 83.63% (95% CI, 77.54‐89.72).ConclusionA high proportion of asymptomatic infections occurs in children infected with SARS‐CoV2, who are also susceptible to coinfection regardless of sex. These data affirm the increasing public health burden arising from infected children regarding the causation of asymptomatic infection or misdiagnosis and as a significant contributor to virus spread. The public should pay more attention to children during epidemics and conduct multimethod detection to further effectively identify infected children and control the source of infection.
Assimilating synthetic land surface temperature in a coupled land–atmosphere model
Authors: Sgoff Christine , Schomburg Annika , Schmidli Juerg , Potthast Roland 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA realistic simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) depends on an accurate representation of the land–atmosphere coupling. Land surface temperature (LST) plays an important role in this context and the assimilation of LST can lead to improved estimates of the boundary layer and its processes. We assimilated synthetic satellite LST retrievals derived from a nature run as truth into a fully coupled, state‐of‐the‐art land–atmosphere numeric weather prediction model. As assimilation system a local ensemble transform Kalman filter was used and the control vector was augmented by the soil temperature and humidity. To evaluate the concept of the augmented control vector, two‐day case‐studies with different control vector settings were conducted for clear‐sky periods in March and August 2017. These experiments with hourly LST assimilation were validated against the nature run and overall, the RMSE of atmospheric and soil temperature of the first‐guess (and analysis) were reduced. The temperature estimate of the ABL was particularly improved during daytime as was the estimate of the soil temperature during the whole diurnal cycle. The best impact of LST assimilation on the soil and the ABL was achieved with the augmented control vector. Through the coupling between the soil and the atmosphere, the assimilation of LST can have a positive impact on the temperature forecast of the ABL even after 15 hr because of the memory of the soil. These encouraging results motivate further work towards the assimilation of real satellite LST retrievals.
Impact of subchorionic hematoma in early pregnancy on obstetric complications: A retrospective cohort study in women who had live births after frozen‐thawed embryo transfer
Authors: So Shuhei , Mochizuki Osamu , Yamaguchi Wakasa , Murabayashi Nao , Miyano Naomi , Tawara Fumiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeWe investigated the contribution of subchorionic hematoma (SCH) involvement in early pregnancy to the risk of pregnancy complications in women who underwent frozen‐thawed embryo transfer (FET).MethodsA hypoechogenic area surrounding the gestational sac at early pregnancy on ultrasound was defined as SCH. Simultaneously, the presence of vaginal bleeding was evaluated. We included 1416 women with live births after FET between March 2015 and September 2018 in this study. The frequency of pregnancy complications was compared between the SCH (n = 340) and non‐SCH (n = 1076) groups.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratio of abnormal placental adhesion and placenta previa for the SCH group relative to the non‐SCH group was 7.01 [2.96‐18.00] and 3.77 [1.24‐11.91], respectively. In contrast, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, non‐reassuring fetal status, fetal growth restriction, chorioamnionitis, and premature rupture of the membrane showed no differences between both groups. Furthermore, the frequency of abnormal placental adhesion was higher in the SCH group with vaginal bleeding than in the SCH group without vaginal bleeding.ConclusionsSubchorionic hematoma in early pregnancy may cause abnormal placental adhesion and placenta previa in pregnant women with FET. SCH presence should be carefully noted, particularly in cases with vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy after FET.
The Mechanism of High Reactivity of Benzyl Carbocation, C6H5CH2+, during Interaction with Benzene
Authors: Stoyanov Evgenii S. , Stoyanova Irina V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe first two stages of the chemical interaction of a benzyl cation with a weak base, benzene, have been established. A key point in the reactivity of this cation is its ability to act as a strong protonating agent, turning itself to highly reactive carbene molecule, which then interacts with the available initial carbocation. The second step is mostly responsible for the high reactivity of the unsaturated carbocation. Further studies will show whether this mechanism is typical for saturated alkane and allyl‐type carbocations.
An Early Devonian actinostelic euphyllophyte with secondary growth from the Emsian of Gaspé (Canada) and the importance of tracheid wall thickening patterns in early euphyllophyte systematics
Authors: Pfeiler Kelly C. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSecondary growth is a tracheophyte structural feature whose earliest known occurrence dates to the late Pragian – early Emsian. Armoricaphyton, Franhueberia and an unnamed plant from eastern Canada represent the only instances of secondary growth documented to date for the Early Devonian. Here, we describe a new Early Devonian euphyllophyte exhibiting secondary growth, from the Emsian (c. 400–395 Ma) Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada): Gmujij tetraxylopteroides gen. et sp. nov., which is characterized by a mesarch actinostele with Psilophyton‐type (P‐type) tracheid wall thickening, and which exhibits a new type of anatomical organization in Early Devonian wood‐producing euphyllophytes. Gmujij differs from coeval euphyllophytes, but lack of data on branching patterns, reproductive structures and other traditional diagnostic features precludes classification in previously recognized euphyllophyte groups. We experiment with a numerical approach to tracheid size distributions, to compare Gmujij with younger euphyllophytes exhibiting secondary growth. Comparisons indicate similarity between Gmujij and aneurophytalean progymnosperms, such as Tetraxylopteris. However, its plesiomorphic P‐type tracheids set Gmujij apart from younger actinostelic euphyllophytes, questioning the importance of tracheid thickening patterns as diagnostic characters separating major lineages. Answers to this question hinge on whether transitions between wall thickening patterns require simple or complex changes in developmental regulation, a matter that requires improved understanding of regulatory programs that determine tracheid thickening patterns. Irrespective of these, Gmujij adds a new component to the diversity of anatomically preserved plants known in the Early Devonian, an incompletely explored interval of tracheophyte anatomical diversification, contributing information that will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary origins of secondary growth.
Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) behavioral responses to a visual signal preceding handling
Authors: Baskir Eli A. , Kucharski Sarah , Powell David M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractZoos use ambassador animals in educational programs featuring close contact with humans. Chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) at the Saint Louis Zoo are retrieved for programs by a keeper wearing brown handling gloves, but green cleaning gloves are worn during normal husbandry when physical contact with the animal is only incidental. The chinchillas’ primary keeper anecdotally reported more reactivity and movement from chinchillas when approached with handling gloves. Animals’ behavioral reactions to the presence of humans often include locomotion and vigilance, but these responses may be attenuated by predictability. To investigate these behaviors, handling trials involving brief contact attempts with both cleaning and handling gloves were filmed. Results indicated that chinchillas responded to disturbances by moving, jumping, and adopting more alert body postures. Surprisingly, movement was recorded in longer durations when the keeper attempted to touch the animals with cleaning gloves. This higher arousal may indicate that the animal was not expecting to be handled, yet an attempt to do so was being made. This reaction provides evidence that potentially aversive events should be reliably and consistently signaled.
Healthcare, Well-being, and the Regulation of Diversity in Healing
Authors: Cloatre Emilie , Urquiza-Haas Nayeli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile the diversity of healing practices and knowledges is not new, controversies triggered by non-conventional medicines have intensified over the years. Contemporary regulation tends to rely on a core difference between proven and unproven therapies, and on scientific logics, to adjudicate questions of legitimacy, authority and funding. But such focus on science does not easily map onto the multiple ontologies at play in how patients and healers approach healthcare, and has limited the ability of law to adequately engage with non-biomedical healing systems. In the contemporary context, plagued with scarcity and neoliberal logics, such disalignment has become more visible, creating ongoing pressures for the regulation of healthcare. Meanwhile, self-proclaimed healers thrive in this highly commercialised environment, where people seek healthcare outside the state-regulated healthcare system. In this chapter, we analyse these tensions and challenges as emerging, in part, from the difficulty for law to respond to multiple ontological worlds. At the same time, we draw on scholarship on vulnerability and care to explore how healing could be ordered and regulated if we were to decentre the idea of evidence from one of pure rationale.
Tumor-Treating Fields at EMBC 2019: A Roadmap to Developing a Framework for TTFields Dosimetry and Treatment Planning
Authors: Bomzon Ze’ev , Wenger Cornelia , Proescholdt Martin , Mohan Suyash 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields known to exert an anti-mitotic effect on cancerous tumors. TTFields have been approved for the treatment of glioblastoma and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Recent studies have shown a correlation between TTFields doses delivered to the tumor bed and patient survival. These findings suggest that patient outcome could be significantly improved with rigorous treatment planning, in which numerical simulations are used to plan treatment in order to optimize delivery of TTFields to the tumor bed.Performing such adaptive planning in a practical and meaningful manner requires a rigorous and scientifically proven framework defining TTFields dose and showing how dose distribution influences disease progression in different malignancies (TTFields dosimetry). At EMBC 2019, several talks discussing key components related to TTFields dosimetry and treatment planning were presented. Here we provide a short overview of this work and discuss how it sets the foundations for the emerging field of TTFields dosimetry and treatment planning.