bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose Metabolism Regulates Mitochondrial Supercomplex Abundance in Murine Heart
Authors: shang velma owusua , Zheng Yu‐Ting , Liu Si Qi , McNally Lindsey Adene , Hill Bradford 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes assemble to form supercomplexes, which are thought to optimize ATP production via electron channelling. Supercomplexes appear to be more abundant in organs with a large energy demand, such as the heart. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that regulate supercomplex abundance in the heart remain unclear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine how glycolytic activity regulates the abundance and activity of mitochondrial supercomplexes in the adult mouse heart.MethodsMitochondria isolated from adult, male FVB/NJ mouse hearts were solubilized with 2% digitonin. Mitochondrial supercomplexes (>1 MDa) were then resolved by electrophoresis on 3–12% blue native‐polyacrylamide (BN‐PAGE) gradient gels, and the protein constituents of each supercomplex were identified by mass spectrometry and Western blotting. To determine how glycolysis affects mitochondrial supercomplex abundance in the heart, we assessed mitochondrial supercomplexes in cardiac mitochondria isolated from mice that express cardiac‐specific, dominant‐negative (GlycoLo) or dominant‐positive (GlycoHi) forms of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase, which constitutively lower or augment glycolytic rate, respectively. The enzymatic activities of supercomplex components were assessed using in‐gel activity assays. Differences in supercomplex abundances and activities were calculated using one‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post‐hoc tests.ResultsCardiac mitochondria contained at least six distinct supercomplexes, with each supercomplex comprising NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome bc1 complex, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATP synthase. In Coomassie‐stained BN‐PAGE gels and in Western blots, mitochondria from GlycoLo hearts showed higher supercomplex abundance than mitochondria from WT and GlycoHi mice. Furthermore, we found that mitochondria from GlycoLo hearts had a higher abundance of NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome bc1 complex. Furthermore, the enzymatic activities of supercomplex‐associated NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase were higher in GlycoLo hearts than in GlycoHi and WT hearts.ConclusionLow glycolytic activity in the heart increases mitochondrial supercomplex abundance and activity. These findings could provide new insights into the metabolic mechanisms that regulate cardiac health and remodeling.Support or Funding InformationNIH (HL122580, HL130174, ES028268, HL78825, and GM103492) and from the American Diabetes Association (1‐16‐JDF‐041)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Role of Nicotine Mediated Neuroprotection in MPTP‐induced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Arafa El‐Shaimaa A. , Buabeid Manal 
Published: April 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to the loss of dopaminergic tone in the striatum. Billions of dollars are spent around the world to address health issues due to neurodegeneration mediated memory loss and cognitive deficits. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel neuroprotective strategies to reduce the neurodegeneration.1‐methyl‐4‐pheneyl‐1,2,3,6‐terahydropriydine (MPTP) is a potent neurotoxin that causes selective loss of dopaminergic neurons and causing Parkinson's disease like symptoms. Acetylcholine (ACh) is a prominent neurotransmitter in the striatum and exerts part of its actions through nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Activation of these receptors has been associated with the enhancement of learning and certainly is instrumental in habitual use of nicotine. Dopamine release is modulated by activation of nicotinic receptors in the dorsal striatum. Nicotine can either protect neurons from neurodegeneration or induce oxidative stress, depending on its dose and degree of oxidative stress impairment. However, the relationship between nicotine and oxidative stress in the PD remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on glutathione (GSH)‐centered antioxidant system and oxidative stress. Parkinson's disease animal model was induced in mice by systemic injection of MPTP and then we investigated the behavioral, neurochemical, biochemical and neuropathological hallmarks of the disease. Inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered GABA/Glutamate levels are associated with progressive nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Nicotine in small dose significantly enhanced dopamine release, suggesting the improvement of the behavioral defect induced by MPTP, scavenged the free radicals, and altered the major endogenous antioxidant molecules and striatal GABA levels leading to neuroprotection. Thus, Nicotine can have therapeutic value due to its neuroprotective effects against various movement disorders. This will have far‐reaching effects in future therapeutics in terms of new treatment strategies.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Clinical care is evolving: The microbiome for advanced practice nurses
Authors: Lockwood Mark B. , Green Stefan J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Over the course of four billion years, humans have developed an intimate relationship with the more than 37 trillion microbes that inhabit our bodies. This relationship runs the gamut from symbiosis to pathogenesis. The number of microbial cells is roughly equivalent to that of mammalian cells in the body. However, due to substantial microbial diversity in host-associated communities, the genetic content of the microbiome is roughly 150 times greater than that of the human genome. Microbial genes encode for proteins capable of producing a wide variety of molecules essential for our health and survival. Many factors such as mode of birth, diet, chlorination of water, and medications significantly affect the richness and diversity of the microbiome. Advanced practice nurses have important roles to play as clinicians, scientists, educators, and patient advocates as our understanding of the microbiome's effects on health becomes better articulated. An understanding of how the microbiome can affect an individual's health or the efficacy of treatment will soon be essential in the clinical setting, and nurses should be encouraged to educate themselves on the relationship between our microbial partners, the environment, and human health.
Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study
Authors: Fu Lin , Fei Jun , Xu Shen , Xiang Hui-Xian , Xiang Ying , Tan Zhu-Xia , Li Meng-Die , Liu Fang-Fang , Li Ying , Han Ming-Feng , Li Xiu-Yong , Zhao Hui , Xu De-Xiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with multiple organ injuries. The aim of this study was to analyze SARS-CoV-2-induced acute liver injury (ALI), its association with death risk and prognosis after discharge.MethodsThree-hundred and fifty-five COVID-19 patients were recruited. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. ALI was evaluated and its prognosis was tracked. The association between ALI and death risk was analyzed.ResultsOf 355 COVID-19 patients, 211 were common, 88 severe, and 51 critical ill cases, respectively. On admission, 223 (62.8%) patients were with hypoproteinemia, 151(42.5%) with cholestasis, and 101 (28.5%) with hepatocellular injury. As expected, ALI was more common in critical ill patients. By multivariate logistic regression, male, older age and lymphocyte reduction were three important independent risk factors predicting ALI among COVID-19 patients. Death risk analysis shows that fatality rate was higher among patients with hypoproteinemia than those without hypoproteinemia (RR=9.471, P<0.001). Moreover, fatality rate was higher among patients with cholestasis than those without cholestasis (RR=2.182, P<0.05). Follow-up observation found that more than one hepatic functional indexes of two-third patients remained abnormal 14 days after discharge.ConclusionsALI at early stage elevates death risk of COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-induced ALI has not recovered completely 14 days after discharge.
Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana casein kinase 2 α1
Authors: Demulder Manon , De Veylder Lieven , Loris Remy 
Published: April 2020

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous pleiotropic enzyme that is highly conserved across eukaryotic kingdoms. CK2 is singular amongst kinases as it is highly rigid and constitutively active. Arabidopsis thaliana is widely used as a model system in molecular plant research; the biological functions of A. thaliana CK2 are well studied in vivo and many of its substrates have been identified. Here, crystal structures of the α subunit of A. thaliana CK2 in three crystal forms and of its complex with the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog AMppNHp are presented. While the C-lobe of the enzyme is highly rigid, structural plasticity is observed for the N-lobe. Small but significant displacements within the active cleft are necessary in order to avoid steric clashes with the AMppNHp molecule. Binding of AMppNHp is influenced by a rigid-body motion of the N-lobe that was not previously recognized in maize CK2.
An international investigation of opinion leadership and social media
Authors: Akdevelioglu Duygu , Kara Selcan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine innovativeness and extraversion as antecedents of perceived and social media opinion leadership in different country-level contexts and explore how these antecedents influence product adoption differently.Design/methodology/approachA survey method was used to collect data from Turkey and the USA. A total of 415 respondents participated in two studies, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThis research shows that innovativeness affects perceived opinion leadership, whereas extraversion affects social media opinion leadership, and these effects are moderated by country-level differences.Practical implicationsTthis research provides strategic information strategic information on how to identify and target influencers in social media across countries. This paper has implications for marketers who are trying to find influential consumers to increase new product adoption. Social media opinion leaders are important seeding points, because they actively initiate new product adoption for other consumers. Marketers should create strategies that are in line with the country’s cultural orientation in addition to personal/psychological traits.Social implicationsThis research provides valuable information to better explain the consumers’ adoption of technological products and the factors affecting this process in the context of social media. Specifically, this paper identifies strategies to use cultural differences across countries (i.e. Turkey versus the USA) and personality traits (i.e., innovativeness and extraversion) in the adoption of new products.Originality/valueThis paper extends prior literature on opinion leadership by uncovering consumer dynamics internationally, which are known to influence social media use. Specifically, by examining the effect of innovativeness and extraversion on opinion leadership in different countries, this research contributes to the literature on new product adoption and has implications for effectively identifying influencers in social media.
Transgenerational maternal age effects in nature: Lessons learnt from Asian elephants
Authors: Spagopoulou Foteini 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn FocusReichert, S., Berger, V., Jackson, J., Chapman, S. N., Htut, W., Mar, K. U., & Lummaa, V. (2019). Maternal age at birth shapes offspring life‐history trajectory across generations in long‐lived Asian elephants. Journal of Animal Ecology, 89, 996–1007. Parental age can have strong effects on offspring life history, but the prevalence and magnitude of such effects in natural populations remain poorly understood. Using a multigenerational dataset of semi‐captive Asian elephants, Reichert et al. (2019) studied the effects of maternal and grandmaternal age on offspring performance and found that offspring from old mothers have lower survival, but higher body condition and reproductive success than offspring from younger mothers. Importantly the observed consequences on survival are long‐lasting and span more than one generation, with grand‐offspring of old grandmothers also showing reduced survival. These findings suggest that persistent transgenerational effects of maternal age on fitness can shape the individual variation in ageing patterns in nature and ultimately the evolution of life histories.
Seasonal variation of milk quality: Physicochemical, microbiological, and toxicological
Authors: Becker‐Algeri Tania A. , Souza Camila , Bortoli Kennedy , Castagnaro Denise , Scaglioni Priscila T. , Drunkler Deisy A. , Dors Giniani , Valderrama Patrícia , Badiale‐Furlong Eliana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and microbiological quality, besides the occurrence of aflatoxins M1 and B1, in samples (229) of the whole, semi‐skimmed and skimmed milk processed by the ultra‐high‐temperature system, in the three Brazilian southern states (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná). After incubation at 37°C for 7 days, it was found, a sample that had protein precipitation, regarding microbiological standards, 19.7% did not comply with the legislation (102 CFU ml−1). The values of defatted dry extract and acidity were presented the highest occurrence of irregularities. AFM1 was found in 13.2%and AFB1 was found in seven samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that defatted dry extract (PC 1) and fat (PC 2) were related to the contamination by aflatoxin.Key findings
The microbiological parameters were in no compliance in 20% of samples.
The aflatoxins M1 and B1 was detected in 49 and 3% of samples, respectively.
The PCA analyses verified irregularities in samples collected in spring and winter.
Diversity in Aβ deposit morphology and secondary proteome insolubility across models of Alzheimer-type amyloidosis
Authors: Xu Guilian , Fromholt Susan E. , Chakrabarty Paramita , Zhu Fanchao , Liu Xuefei , Pace Michael C. , Koh Jin , Golde Todd E. , Levites Yona , Lewis Jada , Borchelt David R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) deposits that exhibit diverse localization and morphologies, ranging from diffuse to cored-neuritic deposits in brain parenchyma, with cerebral vascular deposition in leptomeningeal and parenchymal compartments. Most AD brains exhibit the full spectrum of pathologic Aβ morphologies. In the course of studies to model AD amyloidosis, we have generated multiple transgenic mouse models that vary in the nature of the transgene constructs that are expressed; including the species origin of Aβ peptides, the levels and length of Aβ that is deposited, and whether mutant presenilin 1 (PS1) is co-expressed. These models recapitulate features of human AD amyloidosis, but interestingly some models can produce pathology in which one type of Aβ morphology dominates. In prior studies of mice that primarily develop cored-neuritic deposits, we determined that Aβ deposition is associated with changes in cytosolic protein solubility in which a subset of proteins become detergent-insoluble, indicative of secondary proteome instability. Here, we survey changes in cytosolic protein solubility across seven different transgenic mouse models that exhibit a range of Aβ deposit morphologies. We find a surprisingly diverse range of changes in proteome solubility across these models. Mice that deposit human Aβ40 and Aβ42 in cored-neuritic plaques had the most robust changes in proteome solubility. Insoluble cytosolic proteins were also detected in the brains of mice that develop diffuse Aβ42 deposits but to a lesser extent. Notably, mice with cored deposits containing only Aβ42 had relatively few proteins that became detergent-insoluble. Our data provide new insight into the diversity of biological effects that can be attributed to different types of Aβ pathology and support the view that fibrillar cored-neuritic plaque pathology is the more disruptive Aβ pathology in the Alzheimer’s cascade.
Oxidative degradation of archaeological wood and the effect of alum, iron and calcium salts
Authors: McQueen Caitlin M. A. , Mortensen Martin N. , Caruso Francesco , Mantellato Sara , Braovac Susan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Oxygen consumption measurement was used to study potential oxidative degradation reactions occurring in wooden artefacts from the Viking age Oseberg collection in Norway. Model samples of fresh birch were impregnated with iron, calcium and alum salts to mimic concentrations of such compounds found in Oseberg artefacts and to assess their effect on oxygen consumption rates. The results showed that heated impregnation with alum salt (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) significantly increased the rate of oxygen consumption, confirming a previously observed link between alum-treatment and wood oxidation. The presence of iron salts in alum-treated wood specimens, even at low concentrations, also substantially increased the oxidation rate. However, the mechanism by which this occurred appeared to be influenced by the alum-treatment. Samples treated with both iron and calcium salts were also studied, in order to investigate a proposed inhibition of iron-induced oxidation by calcium ions. However, these did not appear to consume oxygen at significantly different rates. In Oseberg samples, a large variation in oxygen consumption rates from 0.48 to an apparent 8.2 μg O2 (g wood)−1 day−1 was observed, and these values were consistently higher than those for reference fresh wood. The results demonstrated that oxygen consumption measurement is a viable method of evaluating chemical stability in this case, but is best applied to model samples with limited compositional variability.
Evaluation of nephroprotective and cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of Mikania scandens leaves by using alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy mice
Authors: Ahammed Koushik , Joardar Md. Hasibul Hasan , Islam Maruf ul , Yameen Md. Ben , Rahman S. M. Mushiur , Sharmin Rokshana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Diabetic is one of the fundamental persuasive of diabetic nephropathy and significantly sparks off kidney diseases and end stage renal failure globally.

Method
The current research was carried out to evaluate hypoglycemic potential and nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Mikania scandens leaves by using alloxan-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. The mice were intraperitoneally treated with (200 mg/kg) Mikania scandens leaves extract and standard (120 mg/kg) metformin HCL solution up to 22 days. During this treatment period, we collected blood for evaluation of different types of parameters such as blood glucose level body weight at 0, 15, 22th days, serum creatinine, uric acid, total protein were estimated at the end of the experiment (day 22).

Result
Mikania scandens leaves extract significantly (p < 0.05) lessen blood glucose level, serum creatinine, total protein and uric acid. Apart this, cytotoxicity studies were assessed by Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. By this method, we measure the dose of LC50. The plant has high LC50 dose thus cytotoxicity has ensued at massive amount and safe to administer.

Conclusion
Lowering of serum creatinine, uric acid and total protein recommend that the ethanolic extract of Mikania scandens possess potent nephroprotective activity and assure the traditional avail of this plant in the management of diabetes nephropathy.
Differential privacy in the 2020 US census: what will it do? Quantifying the accuracy/privacy tradeoff
Authors: Petti Samantha , Flaxman Abraham 
Published: April 2020

Background: The 2020 US Census will use a novel approach to disclosure avoidance to protect respondents’ data, called TopDown. This TopDown algorithm was applied to the 2018 end-to-end (E2E) test of the decennial census. The computer code used for this test as well as accompanying exposition has recently been released publicly by the Census Bureau. Methods: We used the available code and data to better understand the error introduced by the E2E disclosure avoidance system when Census Bureau applied it to 1940 census data and we developed an empirical measure of privacy loss to compare the error and privacy of the new approach to that of a (non-differentially private) simple-random-sampling approach to protecting privacy. Results: We found that the empirical privacy loss of TopDown is substantially smaller than the theoretical guarantee for all privacy loss budgets we examined. When run on the 1940 census data, TopDown with a privacy budget of 1.0 was similar in error and privacy loss to that of a simple random sample of 50% of the US population. When run with a privacy budget of 4.0, it was similar in error and privacy loss of a 90% sample. Conclusions: This work fits into the beginning of a discussion on how to best balance privacy and accuracy in decennial census data collection, and there is a need for continued discussion.
The Interrelation structures – EDI of Regional Innovation System of local area. A Systemic Approach
Authors: BUELVAS CASTRO EDGARDO MANUEL , Henriquez Carlos 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo muestra un análisis de la interactividad del Sistema Regional de Innovación local– SRI, caso del departamento del Atlántico, con la intención de plantear unos lineamientos dentro del mencionado SRI, los cuales favorezcan la interactividad en las actividades de cooperación para el desarrollo tecnológico endógeno. Esta propuesta adopta las Estructuras de Interrelación – EDI según Fernández de Lucio [1], para magnificar las interacciones en el entorno científico del departamento Atlántico, tendiente al análisis de dinamización de la relación Universidad-Empresa bajo un Enfoque Sistémico. Para ello, se utilizaron cuestionarios, hojas de registro de datos relativos de proyectos, de observación y de entrevista a participantes de proyectos de cooperación y colaboración comenzándose a documentar el resultado de los objetivos. Los resultados encontrados en primer lugar tienen un peso mayor en los renglones de generación de conocimientos, para la empresa y la academia, predominantemente a través de la formación de talentos humanos. En segundo lugar, los resultados se expresan en la mejora de procesos, que en ocasiones conllevan a la mejora técnica en los procesos de producción en las empresas, pero en muy baja proporción en la mejora de productos; y en mucha menor intensidad se generan innovaciones radicales o resultados en respuesta a la solución de problemas sociales o en atención a políticas gubernamentales.