bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional microneedling radiofrequency in striae alba: Do growth factors add value?
Authors: Afify Ahmed Abdelfattah , Fawzy Heba M. , Ali Al‐Rubaiay Nuha Hussain , Abdallah Marwa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundVarious treatment modalities have been applied to treat striae alba (SA) with low satisfaction rate. Fractional microneedling radiofrequency (FMR) provides deep dermal coagulation, thereby inducing collagen synthesis and tissue tightening. The addition of platelet‐derived lyophilized growth factors may add to the effect of FMR.ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of FMR alone or combined with lyophilized growth factors in the treatment of SA.MethodsIn this left‐right comparative study, 25 patients suffering from SA on the abdomen received four sessions of FMR with lyophilized growth factors on one side and with saline (as placebo) on the other side at 4 weeks interval. Photographic and biopsy documentation of the progress of the SA was carried out before the start of the treatment and 4 weeks after the last session. Calculation of the width of SA before treatment and after 4 sessions was done by Adobe Photoshop CS6.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in SA width after treatment in both the lyophilized growth factors (P = <.0001) and placebo sides (P = <.0001), the lyophilized growth factors being superior (P = .002). Patient satisfaction was more on the lyophilized growth factors (LGF) side (P = .034). Erythema and hyperpigmentation were less on the lyophilized growth factors side. Histopathologically, both showed improvement with no difference between LGF and placebo (epidermal thickness (P = .456), collagen content (P = .297), elastin content (P = .239)).ConclusionThe combination of FMR and lyophilized growth factors improves SA outcome.
Effectiveness of topical interventions to prevent or treat intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis: A systematic review
Authors: Goulart Cristina B. , Custódio Carolina S. , Vasques Christiane I. , Ferreira Elaine B. , Diniz dos Reis Paula E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of topical interventions in the prevention or treatment of intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis.BackgroundPhlebitis is a severe inflammatory reaction that can be caused by intravenous therapy with hyperosmolar drugs. Although a variety of interventions are performed in several different countries, the most efficient method is yet to be established.DesignA systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA checklist, we conducted a literature search using seven different databases using an individual strategy adapted for each. Studies in which any topical intervention was applied to prevent or treat intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis which were published between 1998 and 2019 were analysed.ResultsData were collected of 13 RCTs, which in total collected data from 2,015 patients during hospital treatments with different types of intravenous therapies, such as fluid replacement, antibiotics, chemotherapy and antiarrhythmic drugs. The effectiveness of different topical interventions such as the application of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs,Sesame indicumoil, heparin sodium formulations,Chamomilla recutitatea and ointment, andRosmarinus officinalisointment were identified.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAlthough the studies suggest a potential to use phytotherapy agents as topical interventions, pharmaceutical preparations, main substrate, and pharmaceutical or phytotherapeutic origins are very different between studies. There are insufficient data to build a solid conclusion that lead us to recommend a specific topical intervention in the prevention or treatment of intravenous therapy‐related phlebitis.
Major imprint of surface plankton on deep ocean prokaryotic structure and activity
Authors: Ruiz‐González Clara , Mestre Mireia , Estrada Marta , Sebastián Marta , Salazar Guillem , Agustí Susana , Moreno‐Ostos Enrique , Reche Isabel , Álvarez‐Salgado Xosé Antón , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Duarte Carlos M. , Sala M. Montserrat , Gasol Josep M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeep ocean microbial communities rely on the organic carbon produced in the sunlit ocean, yet it remains unknown whether surface processes determine the assembly and function of bathypelagic prokaryotes to a larger extent than deep‐sea physicochemical conditions. Here, we explored whether variations in surface phytoplankton assemblages across Atlantic, Pacific and Indian ocean stations can explain structural changes in bathypelagic (ca. 4,000 m) free‐living and particle‐attached prokaryotic communities (characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing), as well as changes in prokaryotic activity and dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality. We show that the spatial structuring of prokaryotic communities in the bathypelagic strongly followed variations in the abundances of surface dinoflagellates and ciliates, as well as gradients in surface primary productivity, but were less influenced by bathypelagic physicochemical conditions. Amino acid‐like DOM components in the bathypelagic reflected variations of those components in surface waters, and seemed to control bathypelagic prokaryotic activity. The imprint of surface conditions was more evident in bathypelagic than in shallower mesopelagic (200–1,000 m) communities, suggesting a direct connectivity through fast‐sinking particles that escape mesopelagic transformations. Finally, we identified a pool of endemic deep‐sea prokaryotic taxa (including potentially chemoautotrophic groups) that appear less connected to surface processes than those bathypelagic taxa with a widespread vertical distribution. Our results suggest that surface planktonic communities shape the spatial structure of the bathypelagic microbiome to a larger extent than the local physicochemical environment, likely through determining the nature of the sinking particles and the associated prokaryotes reaching bathypelagic waters.
Alteration of protein homeostasis mediates the interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yang Nana , Cao Qiao , Hu Shuyang , Xu Chenchen , Fan Ke , Chen Feifei , Yang Cai‐Guang , Liang Haihua , Wu Min , Bae Taeok , Lan Lefu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntracellular protein degradation is essential for the survival of all organisms, but its role in interspecies interaction is unknown. Here, we show that the ClpXP protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suppresses its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen co‐isolated with P. aeruginosa from polymicrobial human infections. Using proteomic, biochemical, and molecular genetic approaches, we found that this effect is due to the inhibitory effects of ClpXP on the quorum sensing (QS) of P. aeruginosa, mainly by degrading proteins (e.g., PhnA, PhnB, PqsR, and RhlI) which are critical for the production of QS signal molecules PQS and C4‐HSL. We provide evidence that co‐culturing with S. aureus induces a decrease in the activity of ClpXP in P. aeruginosa, an effect which was also achieved by the treatment of P. aeruginosa with N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), a widespread chemical present on the surface of diverse cell types from bacteria to humans. These findings extend the range of biological events governed by proteolytic machinery to microbial community structure, thus also suggesting that a chemical‐induced alteration of protein homeostasis is a mechanism for interspecies interactions.
Association of tidal volume during mechanical ventilation with postoperative pulmonary complications in pediatric patients undergoing major scoliosis surgery
Authors: Ren Yi , Liu Jie , Nie Xiaolu , Liu Lin , Fu Wenya , Zhao Xin , Zheng Tiehua , Xu Zenghua , Cai Jingjing , Wang Fang , Li Lijing , Xin Zhong , Hua Lei , Hu Jing , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of lung‐protective ventilation strategies with low tidal volumes may reduce the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications. However, evidence of the association of intraoperative tidal volume settings with pulmonary complications in pediatric patients undergoing major spinal surgery is insufficient.AimsThis study examined whether postoperative pulmonary complications were related to tidal volume in this population and, if so, what factors affected the association.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, data from pediatric patients (<18 years old) who underwent posterior spinal fusion between 2016 and 2018 were collected from the hospital electronic medical record. The associations between tidal volume and the clinical outcomes were examined by multivariate logistic regression and stratified analysis.ResultsPostoperative pulmonary complications occurred in 41 (16.1%) of 254 patients who met the inclusion criteria. For the entire cohort, tidal volume was associated with an elevated risk of pulmonary complications (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 1 mL/kg ideal body weight [IBW] increase in tidal volume, 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01‐1.63, P = .038). In subgroup analysis, tidal volume was associated with an increased risk of pulmonary complications in patients older than 3 years (adjusted OR per 1 mL/kg IBW increase in tidal volume, 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12‐1.84), but not in patients aged 3 years or younger (adjusted OR, 0.78, 95% CI: 0.46‐1.35), indicating a significant age interaction (P = .035).ConclusionIn pediatric patients undergoing major spinal surgery, high tidal volume was associated with an elevated risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. However, the effect of tidal volume on pulmonary outcomes in the young subgroup (≤3 years) differed from that in the old (>3 years). Such information may help to optimize ventilation strategy for children of different ages.
Nonglandular silicified trichomes are essential for rice defense against chewing herbivores
Authors: Andama Joackin B. , Mujiono Kadis , Hojo Yuko , Shinya Tomonori , Galis Ivan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInterspecific New Rice for Africa (NERICA) varieties have been recently developed and used in Sub‐Saharan Africa but herbivore resistance properties of these plants remain poorly understood. Here we report that, compared to a local Japanese cultivar Nipponbare, NERICA 1, 4 and 10 are significantly more damaged by insect herbivores in the paddy fields. In contrast to high levels of leaf damage from rice skippers and grasshoppers, constitutive and induced volatile organic compounds for indirect plant defense were higher or similar in NERICAs and Nipponbare. Accumulation of direct defense secondary metabolites, momilactones A and B, and p‐coumaroylputrescine (CoP) was reduced in NERICAs, while feruloylputrescine accumulated at similar levels in all varieties. Finally, we found that Nipponbare leaves were covered with sharp nonglandular trichomes impregnated with silicon but comparable defense structures were virtually absent in herbivory‐prone NERICA plants. As damage to the larval gut membranes by Nipponbare silicified trichomes that pass intact through the insect digestive system, occurs, and larval performance is enhanced by trichome removal from otherwise chemically defended Nipponbare plants, we propose that silicified trichomes work as an important defense mechanism of rice against chewing insect herbivores.
The state of the evidence for voluntary home‐based human immunodeficiency virus counseling and testing in the community: A proposed model for evidence translation
Authors: Cheng Ling Jie , Lau Ying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHome‐based voluntary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing (HBVCT) plays a significant role in reducing HIV‐related risk‐taking behaviors. Adopting evidence‐based interventions is essential, but few conceptual models exist to guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of these interventions.AimsOur proposed model for evidence translation based on evidence review describes the implementation process of HBVCT in the community.Materials and MethodsOur study adopted the translating research into practice model, which incorporates information needs about the implementation, planning, and execution required for consideration by clinicians. Thirteen systematic reviews published in the English language from January 1, 2000 to February 9, 2020 were retrieved and reviewed from four electronic databases and journals, including EMBASE, PubMed, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, and Cochrane Library.ResultsThe analysis of the review papers based on the phenomenon of interest, results, and the population revealed some distinctions in the number of socioecological levels used by this evidence synthesis. These levels of factors include individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policies. HBVCT is an essential component of HIV prevention programs and a critical entry point for adequate care and treatment.DiscussionThis collaborative model demonstrates the application of research to a real‐world health care setting.
Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States
Authors: Rai Saatvika 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe United States is experiencing growing impacts of climate change but currently receives a limited policy response from its national leadership. Within this policy void, many state governments are stepping up and taking action on adaptation planning. Yet we know little about why some states adopt State Adaptation Plans (SAPs), while others do not. This article investigates factors that predict the emergence of SAPs, both in terms of policy adoption and policy intensity (goal ambitiousness). Applying the diffusion of innovation theory, I consider the relative influence of internal state characteristics, regional pressures, and test for conditional effects between government ideologies and severity of the problem. The results show interesting differences between predictors that influence policy adoption and ambitiousness. States are more motivated to adopt a policy when faced with greater climate vulnerability, have more liberal citizenry, and where governments have crossed policy hurdles by previously passing mitigation plans. The intensity of policies and goal setting, moreover, is more likely to be driven by interest group politics and diffuse through policy learning or sharing information among neighboring states in Environmental Protection Agency regions. These findings support an emerging scholarship that uses more complex dependent variables in policy analysis. These variables have the potential to differentiate symbolic from substantive policies and capture finer information about predictors of importance.
Short Versus Long Supply Chains in Agri‐Food Sectors: Peaceful Coexistence or Political Domination? The Case of foie gras in South‐West France
Authors: Joltreau Thibaut , Smith Andy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which short supply chains affect the structuration of agri‐food sectors economically and politically. To do so, it first presents a theoretical framework drawing on regulationist economics and constructivist political science which guides research to examine the entire range of actors, processes, institutions and power relations which structure agri‐food sectors. It then applies this framework to the case of foie gras in South‐West France to target the relationship between ‘short’ and ‘long’ supply chains. Based on thirty interviews with farmers and public officials, it finds that a commonly heard discourse that both chains ‘complement each other’ masks the political domination of ‘the long’ over ‘the short’. Through tracing this domination across two policy issues, namely product labelling and ‘biosecurity’ hygiene measures, and the way actors have worked politically to deal with them, the article demonstrates that this power asymmetry has been the principal cause of policy outcomes and, therefore, institutional reproduction.
Displacement measurement of concrete bridges by the sampling Moiré method based on phase analysis of repeated pattern
Authors: Ri S. , Wang Q. , Tsuda H. , Shirasaki H. , Kuribayashi K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMeasuring accurate deformation distribution of large‐scale structures inexpensively and efficiently is a crucial challenge of structural health monitoring. Phase‐based imaging technique has great potential for accurate and robust multipoint displacement measurement in the field. In this study, the sampling Moiré method—one of the promising optical techniques—was applied to the displacement measurement of a concrete bridge for the high‐speed railway in Japan. Using retroreflective Moiré markers, the two‐dimensional in‐plane displacements at multiple locations could be easily measured from recorded digital images at a distance of 20 m regardless of day and night. Results of the dynamic deflection obtained from the sampling Moiré method were in good agreement with those from a conventional laser Doppler vibrometer. The time series of two‐dimensional displacement analyses when the outbound or inbound trains passed at the speed of 150 or 320 km/h through the bridge revealed that the points at the centre and the quarter of the bridge span demonstrated complex deformation behaviour showing elliptical rotation. The effects of random noise of the recorded image were quantitatively investigated, and the air fluctuation was discussed from the field experiments. We proved that measurements using the sampling Moiré method could be more stable at night than daytime.
EMU and trade: A PPML re‐assessment with intra‐national trade flows
Authors: Esteve‐Pérez Silviano , Gil‐Pareja Salvador , Llorca‐Vivero Rafael , Martínez‐Serrano José Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the EMU effect on trade for the eleven early joiners and Greece relying for the first time on data that include both international and intra‐national trade flows, in line with all the microfoundations of the structural gravity model of trade. We find that the overall EMU impact on trade is positive between its members and, specially, for trade between members and non‐members. Interestingly, we further show that the effect of the EMU on bilateral trade remarkably differs across countries. For Ireland, Belgium–Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal and Austria, we find robust evidence that EMU has boosted trade both with other members and with third countries, while for Finland, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands, the results suggest that only trade with third countries has been enhanced by the EMU. Greece is the only country that shows a negative impact in trade with other EMU members and no effect in trade with non‐members. Finally, the results across countries according to the direction of the trade flows (exports versus imports) do not show significant differences in any case.
Performance estimation of a wind farm with a dependence structure between electricity price and wind speed
Authors: Casula Laura , D'Amico Guglielmo , Masala Giovanni , Petroni Filippo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper aimed to estimate the income generated by a wind turbine over a given time interval. The income depends on two main variables: the wind speed that determines the produced energy and electricity price. Both wind speed and electricity price evolve randomly in time and are correlated. To consider this dependency, we applied a vector autoregressive process (VAR) that links both variables. An application was performed using real data from a hypothetical wind turbine located in Sardinia (Italy). The income simulated by using the VAR model was closer to the empirical value compared with that obtained by simulating wind speed and electricity prices as independent variables. The results were also discussed in relation to the introduction of the SAPEI submarine cable, which produces a significant change in the income value.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 expression is associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells in oral and skin canine melanomas
Authors: Silveira Tatiany L. , Veloso Emerson S. , Gonçalves Ivy N. N. , Costa Renato F. , Rodrigues Michele A. , Cassali Geovanni D. , Del Puerto Helen L. , Pang Lisa Y. , Argyle David J. , Ferreira Enio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMelanoma is a fast‐growing tumour in dogs and represents 7% of the total malignant neoplasms from the skin and is the most common tumour found in the oral cavity. In these tumours, high expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to verify if the overexpression of COX‐2 is related to the modulation of lymphocytes and if it is associated with the angiogenic and proliferative capacity of the melanoma. Canine melanoma samples (n = 85) were analysed by immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of S‐100, Melan‐A, PNL‐2, COX‐2, Factor VIII, Ki‐67 and immune cells markers (CD3, CD4, FOXP3 and MAC387); and expression levels of MAC387, NOS and CD206 were determined by immunofluorescence. Our study showed a concurrent difference between the expression of COX‐2 and inflammatory cell infiltration: Oral melanomas showed positivity for COX‐2 in 34% of the cases and this expression was associated with CD3 positivity in the inflammatory infiltrate and angiogenesis; whereas cutaneous melanomas presented positivity for COX‐2 in 42% of the cases and this expression was associated with positive staining for CD3, CD4, FOXP3 and MAC387. These markers are associated with inflammatory cells, angiogenesis and proliferation. Interestingly, melanomas were highly infiltrated by FOXP3+ cells, this is related to angiogenesis, whereas CD3, CD4 and MAC387 expression was only associated with cutaneous melanomas. The macrophage profile analysis showed that both oral and cutaneous melanomas with low COX‐2 expression have an M1 phenoptype, whereas the cases with high COX‐2 expression demonstrate a hybrid M1/M2 profile pattern. We concluded that the COX‐2 is overexpressed in 42% of cutaneous melanomas and in 34% of oral melanomas, with a direct association with angiogenesis, proliferation, and intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration. We propose that COX‐2 is a key regulator of immune cell infiltration and may drive tumour associated macrophage activation.
Multimodality treatment including ONCEPT for canine oral melanoma: A retrospective analysis of 131 dogs
Authors: Turek Michelle , LaDue Tracy , Looper Jayme , Nagata Koichi , Shiomitsu Keijiro , Keyerleber Michele , Buchholz Julia , Gieger Tracy , Hetzel Scott 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCanine oral melanoma (OM) is an aggressive cancer with a high rate of metastasis. Surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT) are effective local treatments, yet many dogs succumb to distant metastasis. Immunotherapy represents an attractive strategy for this potentially immunogenic tumor. The objective of this multi‐institutional retrospective study was to examine the clinical outcome of dogs with OM treated with ONCEPT melanoma vaccine. Most dogs also underwent surgery and/or RT (8 Gy × four weekly fractions). Dogs with distant metastasis at diagnosis and those receiving concurrent chemotherapy were excluded. One hundred thirty‐one dogs treated with ONCEPT were included: 62 had adequate local tumor control defined as complete tumor excision or irradiation of residual microscopic disease; 15 were treated in the microscopic disease setting following an incomplete excision without adjuvant RT; and 54 had gross disease. Median time to progression, median progression‐free survival, and median tumor‐specific overall survival were 304, 260, and 510 days, respectively. In multivariable analysis, presence of gross disease correlated negatively with all measures of clinical outcome. Other negative prognostic indicators were primary tumor ≥2 cm, higher clinical stage (stages 2 and 3), presence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis, and caudal location in the oral cavity. Radiotherapy had a protective effect against tumor progression. To date, this is the largest reported series of dogs with OM treated with ONCEPT. Several previously reported prognostic indicators were confirmed.