bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demyelination in hereditary sensory neuropathy type‐1C
Authors: Saba Sadaf , Chen Yongsheng , Maddipati Krishna Rao , Hackett Melody , Hu Bo , Li Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveSphingolipids are enriched in the nerves. Serine‐palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the key step of sphingolipids biosynthesis. Mutations in SPT subunits (SPTLC) lead to the excessive production of neurotoxic deoxysphingolipids (DoxSLs) in patients with Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type‐1C (HSN1C). HSN1C is an autosomal dominant peripheral neuropathy characterized by sensory loss and distal muscle weakness. In this study, by leveraging a HSN1C family with a previously reported N177D mutation in SPTLC2, we aim to further define the spectrum of DoxSL species and the peripheral neve pathology of the disease.MethodsNext‐generation sequencing along with Sanger confirmation was performed for family members and healthy controls. LC‐MS was used for lipidomic analysis in participants’ plasma. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) was performed to study sciatic nerve pathologies.ResultsA heterozygous N177D mutation in SPTLC2 was co‐segregated in individuals with sensory‐motor deficits in the limbs. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) revealed nonuniform slowing of conduction velocities. In line with the NCS, qMRI detected a pattern of nerve changes similar to those in acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies. Additionally, we detected a significant increase in multiple species of deoxysphingoid bases and deoxyceramides in patients’ plasma.InterpretationMutations in the SPTLC2 cause a demyelinating phenotype resembling those in acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy. The species of increased DoxSLs in HSN1C may be more diverse than originally thought.
Intestinal Organoid Culture in Polymer Film‐Based Microwell Arrays
Authors: Kakni Panagiota , Hueber Rui , Knoops Kèvin , López‐Iglesias Carmen , Truckenmüller Roman , Habibovic Pamela , Giselbrecht Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs organoids offer a promising tool to study cell biology and model diseases, organoid technology has rapidly evolved over the last few years. Even though intestinal organoids are one of the most well‐established organoid systems, they currently rely on the embedding into an excess amount of poorly defined, tumor‐derived extracellular matrix. Here, a novel suspension method is suggested to grow mouse intestinal organoids inside thermoformed microwell arrays. This platform promotes the controlled growth of organoids under matrix‐reduced conditions, with Matrigel only used as medium supplement. Hence, this system provides numerous advantages over the previously established methods. Based on the findings, viable and functional mouse intestinal organoids can be preserved for longer periods than in traditional Matrigel domes. Additionally, this microwell‐based technique renders a novel organoid culture system in which the heterogeneity of the organoids is significantly reduced. The method paves the way toward more controlled organoid culture systems that can also be beneficial for further downstream applications, such as automated imaging techniques and micromanipulations, which constitute valuable tools for high‐throughput applications and translational studies.
Tyrosine‐Rich Peptide Insulator for Rapidly Dissolving Transient Electronics
Authors: Namgung Seok Daniel , Song Min‐Kyu , Sung Taehoon , Cho Ouk Hyun , Ju Misong , Kim Hyeohn , Lee Yoon‐Sik , Nam Ki Tae , Kwon Jang‐Yeon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransient electronics is a good platform for human implantable biomedical devices for diagnosing diseases and delivering therapeutic materials because additional surgery is not required to retrieve the device. Surrounding bio‐fluids inevitably dissolve device components, and the remaining electronic debris can trigger hazardous inflammation reactions within human body. Therefore, it is important to reduce the total dissolution time of devices even after they stop working. Thus, fast‐dissolving tyrosine‐based peptides are suggested as an insulator instead of SiO2, which has been used as a dissolution retarder in transient electronics. By combining a peptide insulator, zinc oxide semiconductor, and tungsten conductor, a biocompatible and biodegradable thin film transistor is fabricated. The device exhibits moderate performance (ON/OFF >103 and field‐effect mobility of ≈0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1) and is fast‐dissolving (<3 h) in bio‐fluids.
Bionic‐Fin‐Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Undersea Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Chuguo , Zhao Zhihao , Yang Ou , Yuan Wei , Zhou Linglin , Yin Xing , Liu Li , Li Yanhong , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn situ harvesting undersea energy is a vital method for undersea detector to realize its long‐term and real‐time undersea research. Herein, inspired by the fins with excellent hydrodynamic characteristic and the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with the merits of light‐weight and high‐efficiency at low frequency, an energy harvesting device is designed to harvest undersea energy by bionic‐fin‐structure assisted with multilayer‐structured triboelectric nanogenerator (BFM‐TENG). The good design of geometry and structure enable BFM‐TENG to harvest energy efficiently by the driving of water‐flow from multidirections. Besides, based on the multiarea contact structure and ultrathin dielectric material, the BFM‐TENG could achieve a peak power density of 444 W m−3 under ideal test condition, which is about 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of previous work for harvesting wave energy. The findings not only provide a new in situ undersea energy harvesting method for undersea detectors to realize the real‐time, long‐term, and self‐powered undersea research, but also provide a potential strategy to achieve large‐scale undersea energy harvesting.
Polarization‐Sensitive Dielectric Membrane Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Quanlong , Liu Mingkai , Kruk Sergey , Xu Yuehong , Srivastava Yogesh Kumar , Singh Ranjan , Han Jiaguang , Kivshar Yuri , Shadrivov Ilya V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDielectric metasurfaces composed of subwavelength resonators are widely employed for manipulating electromagnetic waves over a broad frequency spectrum ranging from microwaves to optics. Here, a novel type of metasurfaces, created by a periodic lattice of elliptical holes fabricated in a thin dielectric membrane, is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Such membrane metasurfaces demonstrate polarization‐selective behavior, and they change their specific functionality from a reflective magnetic mirror, for one polarization, to a transparent Huygens' surface, for the orthogonal polarization. Such a polarization dependence is achieved by manipulating the interference of Mie‐resonant multipoles through optimizing the design of the elliptic holes in the dielectric membrane. Such membrane metasurfaces can be employed as flat components with polarization‐multiplexed functionalities, bringing benefits for the integration of ultracompact signal manipulation systems.
Improved Stability and Exciton Diffusion of Self‐Assembled 2D Lattices of Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Lorenzon Monica , Jurow Matthew , Hong Min Ji , Lu Yi‐Hsien , Barnard Edward S. , Salmeron Miquel , Liu Yi , Penzo Erika , Schwartzberg Adam M. , Weber‐Bargioni Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColloidal inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are solution‐processable optoelectronic materials whose emission can be easily tuned via both size and composition while maintaining high photoluminescence quantum yield. Despite their relative defect tolerance, they suffer from photoinduced damage and degradation under ambient conditions. The lack of long‐term stability is addressed by investigating how a ≈3 nm transparent ceramic coating applied onto a thin layer of close‐packed PNCs via atomic layer deposition (ALD) affects the exciton mobility across the PNCs. Samples coated via both thermal and plasma ALD are compared, as well as an uncoated one. Exciton diffusion measurements yield a record value for all samples, up to λD = 480 ± 24 nm, one order of magnitude larger than the previously reported values for chalcogenide quantum dots and more than two times larger than what was previously found for the PNCs. Moreover, the ALD‐coated samples show stable photoluminescence intensity and energy over 1 year time span. The measurement approach allows for discerning minimal variations in the local luminescence and qualitatively correlating them to the samples’ morphology. Hence, it is shown that PNCs coated with an ultrathin ALD film become a very versatile optoelectronic material that can be employed in devices beyond proof of principle.
A Bioactive Living Hydrogel: Photosynthetic Bacteria Mediated Hypoxia Elimination and Bacteria‐Killing to Promote Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Li Wanlin , Wang Shoujie , Zhong Danni , Du Zhen , Zhou Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisruption and vasoconstriction of the blood vessels that results in tissue hypoxia can retard the wound healing process. Transcutaneous oxygen delivery for the hypoxic tissue has been shown to be an effective method for enhanced wound regeneration, for example, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and topical oxygen therapy. However, these techniques' clinical applications are limited by high cost and complicated protocols. To combat this, a bioactive living hydrogel based on photosynthetic microorganisms is designed for enhanced wound healing by production and local delivery of oxygen to alleviate acute and chronic tissue hypoxia. Spirulina platensis (SP), a type of photosynthetic bacteria is coated with the natural polymer carboxymethyl chitosan to obtain the SP gel, which keeps the oxygen generation capability of the SP while promoting its adhesion to the infected wound. Moreover, chlorophyll, a natural photosensitizer, is released from the SP irradiated with 650‐nm laser, and generates reactive oxygen species, thereby causing photodynamic destruction of bacteria in the infectious area. Cytotoxicity assays and in vivo toxicity assessment demonstrate the excellent biocompatibility of the gel. The SP gel is easy to obtain, cheap for mass production, and convenient for usage, which is promising for clinical application.
A Novel α‐MoO3/Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns Composite as High‐Performance Anode Material for Fast‐Charging Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Sahu Sumit Ranjan , Rikka Vallabha Rao , Haridoss Prathap , Chatterjee Abhijit , Gopalan Raghavan , Prakash Raju 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrthorhombic α‐MoO3is a potential anode material for lithium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of 1100 mAh g−1and excellent structural stability. However, its intrinsic poor electronic conductivity and high volume expansion during the charge–discharge process impede it from achieving a high practical capacity. A novel composite of α‐MoO3nanobelts and single‐walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) is synthesized by a facile microwave hydrothermal technique and demonstrated as a high‐performance anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The α‐MoO3/SWCNH composite displays superior electrochemical properties (654 mAh g−1at 1 C), excellent rate capability (275 mAh g−1at 5 C), and outstanding cycle life (capacity retention of >99% after 3000 cycles at 1 C) without any cracking of the electrode. The presence of SWCNHs in the composite enhances the electrochemical properties of α‐MoO3by acting as a lithium storage material, electronic conductive medium, and buffer against pulverization.
Do adipokines levels influence facial attractiveness of young women?
Authors: Żelaźniewicz Agnieszka , Nowak Judyta , Studzińska Ida , Pawłowski Bogusław 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesFacial attractiveness is thought to reflect an individual's biological condition. This seems to be largely explained by the relationship between facial appearance and body adiposity, a trait that affects various aspects of body homeostasis, including fertility and immunity. The aim of this study was to test if, a part of adipose tissue amount, also levels of hormones secreted by adipose tissue are reflected in women's appearance, focusing on the two most abundant adipokines. Due to the opposing effects of adiponectin and leptin on health, we hypothesized that leptin negatively and adiponectin positively correlate with women's attractiveness.MethodsThe study sample included 174 young, healthy women (Mage = 28.50, SDage = 2.38). Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were measured. Estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and BMI levels were controlled in the analyses. Face photographs were taken and facial attractiveness ratings, assessed by men, were gathered in online questionnaires.ResultsPerceived facial attractiveness correlated negatively with leptin level and leptin/adiponectin ratio, but did not correlate with adiponectin level. The results were similar, when controlled for E2, T, and BMI. Adipokines levels did not mediate or moderate the relationship between facial attractiveness and BMI.ConclusionsThe results showed that perceived facial attractiveness is predicted by adipose‐derived hormones detrimental for health, like leptin, but is not related with beneficial hormones, such as adiponectin. However, the levels of these two adipokines do not impact the relationship between perceived facial attractiveness and adiposity, and thus do not explain the relationship between facial attractiveness, body adiposity, and biological condition.
No difference in dementia prediction between apolipoprotein E4 and the ischemic score
Authors: Oveisgharan Shahram , Hachinski Vladimir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionFew biomarkers exist for early detection of vascular cognitive impairment. We examined whether the Hachinski Ischemic Scale (HIS) can predict dementia in elderly.MethodsWe leveraged data of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. First, we examined the association of HIS with incident dementia. Next, we compared HIS to apolipoprotein E (APOE ɛ4) in prediction of dementia. We trained the HIS and APOE ɛ4 models in the training dataset and used the trained models for dementia prediction in the validation dataset.ResultsA higher HIS level was associated with a higher odds of dementia (odds ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41 to 1.90, P < .001). Dementia discrimination of the HIS model was not different from the APOE ɛ4 model (area under the curve difference = 0.002, 95% CI: −0.024 to 0.029, P = .857). The calibration of the HIS model was 13.7 (P = .091) and of the APOE ɛ4 model was 13.3 (P = .100).DiscussionHIS may be used as a simple, inexpensive test to identify older adults at risk of developing dementia.
Molecularly imprinted smart cryogels for selective nickel recognition in aqueous solutions
Authors: Andaç Müge , Tamahkar Emel , Denizli Adil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmart polymers with fast response to slight changes show high practicability in separation and removal applications, such as water and wastewater treatment. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) are designed to possess specific binding sites enabling the recognition of the target analytes. In this article, the newly synthesized smart adsorbents were used for the selective removal of nickel [Ni(II)] ions from aqueous solutions, which have dual (pH and temperature) memory for the recognition of Ni(II) ions due to the self‐assembled recognition sites in MIP structure. The Ni(II)‐MIP smart cryogels were prepared by cryopolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and N‐methacryloyl‐l‐histidine (MAH) monomers to incorporate their smart features for removal of Ni(II) ions in a selective and temperature‐modulated way. The maximum binding capacity of Ni(II) ions onto MIP smart cryogel was determined at pH 6 as 414 μg g−1 at 20°C and only 104.5 μg g−1 at 40°C, respectively. The adsorption reached an equilibrium within 30 min, while 85% of the bound amount of Ni(II) ions was achieved in only 15 min. This unique MIP cryogel as a smart and selective adsorbent was able to remove Ni(II) ions immediately by a significant temperature and pH change as an alternative application for water and wastewater treatment.
Analysis of proportional data in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies: Comparison of sensitivities of logit transformation, arcsine square root transformation, and nonparametric analysis
Authors: Feder Paul I. , Aume Laura L. , Triplett Cheryl A. , Simmons Jane Ellen , Narotsky Michael G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn developmental and reproductive toxicity studies, analysis of litter‐based binary endpoints (e.g., incidence of malformed fetuses) is complex in that littermates often are not entirely independent of one another. It is well established that the litter, not the individual fetus, is the proper independent experimental unit in statistical analysis. Accordingly, analysis is often based on the proportion affected per litter and the litter proportions are analyzed as continuous data. Because these proportional data generally do not meet assumptions of symmetry or normality, data are typically analyzed by nonparametric methods, arcsine square root transformation, or logit transformation.MethodsWe conducted power calculations to compare different approaches (nonparametric, arcsine square root‐transformed, logit‐transformed, untransformed) for analyzing litter‐based proportional data. A reproductive toxicity study with a control and one treated group provided data for two endpoints: prenatal loss, and fertility by in utero insemination (IUI). Type 1 error and power were estimated by 10,000 simulations based on two‐sample one‐tailed t tests with varying numbers of litters per group. To further compare the different approaches, we conducted additional analyses with shifted mean proportions to produce illustrative scenarios.ResultsAnalyses based on logit‐transformed proportions had greater power than those based on untransformed or arcsine square root‐transformed proportions, or nonparametric procedures.ConclusionThe logit transformation is preferred to the other approaches considered when making inferences concerning litter‐based proportional endpoints, particularly with skewed distributions. The improved performance of the logit transformation becomes increasingly pronounced as the response proportions are increasingly close to the boundaries of the parameter space.
Synaptic Pruning in Schizophrenia: Does Minocycline Modulate Psychosocial Brain Development?
Authors: Jones Michael C. , Koh Jin Ming , Cheong Kang Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, or its cousins, hold therapeutic potential for affective and psychotic disorders. This is proposed on the basis of a direct effect on microglia‐mediated frontocortical synaptic pruning (FSP) during adolescence, perhaps in genetically susceptible individuals harboring risk alleles in the complement component cascade that is involved in this normal process of CNS circuit refinement. In reviewing this field, it is argued that minocycline is actually probing and modulating a deeply evolved and intricate system wherein psychosocial stimuli sculpt the circuitry of the “social brain” underlying adult behavior and personality. Furthermore, this system can generate psychiatric morbidity that is not dependent on genetic variation. This view has important ramifications for understanding “pathologies” of human social behavior and cognition as well as providing long‐sought potential mechanistic links between social experience and susceptibility to mental and physical disease.
Rational Engineering of a Multi‐Step Biocatalytic Cascade for the Conversion of Cyclohexane to Polycaprolactone Monomers in Pseudomonas taiwanensis
Authors: Schäfer Lisa , Bühler Katja , Karande Rohan , Bühler Bruno 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current industrial production of polymer building blocks such as ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) and 6‐hydroxyhexanoic acid (6HA) is a multi‐step process associated with critical environmental issues such as the generation of toxic waste and high energy consumption. Consequently, there is a demand for more eco‐efficient and sustainable production routes. This study deals with the generation of a platform organism that converts cyclohexane to such polymer building blocks without the formation of byproducts and under environmentally benign conditions. Based on kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of the individual enzymatic steps, a 4‐step enzymatic cascade in Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120 is rationally engineered via stepwise biocatalyst improvement on the genetic level. It is found that the intermediate product cyclohexanol severely inhibits the cascade which could be optimized by enhancing the expression level of downstream enzymes. The integration of a lactonase enables exclusive 6HA formation without side products. The resulting biocatalyst shows a high activity of 44.8 ± 0.2 U gCDW−1 and fully converts 5 mm cyclohexane to 6HA within 3 h. This platform organism can now serve as a basis for the development of greener production processes for polycaprolactone and related polymers.
MicroRNA‐345‐5p regulates depression by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
Authors: Liu Yulan , Yu Jun , Wang Xinrui , Dong Jicheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsMicroRNA(miR)‐345‐5p plays a key role in various cellular functions. However, the function of miR‐345‐5p in resistant depression (TRD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role and mechanism of miR‐345‐5p in the treatment of resistance depression (TRD).MethodsRT‐qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR‐345‐5p in BV‐2 microglia. CCK‐8 method and flow cytometry were used for cell viability and apoptosis of microglia. Target gene prediction and screening, and luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the downstream target gene of miR‐345‐5p. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of related proteins.ResultsmiR‐345‐5p increased the cell viability of BV‐2 microglia and the expression level of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the conditioned medium of microglia treated with miR‐345‐5p reduced the cell viability of HT22 hippocampal cells and caused S‐phase arrest. The miR‐345‐5p‐treated microglia induced apoptosis by regulating the expression levels of Bax, Bcl‐2, pro‐caspase‐3, and cleaved caspase‐3. Furthermore, SOCS1 was a direct target of miR‐345‐5p, and overexpression of SOCS1 was able to reverse the proapoptotic effect of miR‐345‐5p on activation of microglia on hippocampal neurons.ConclusionmiR‐345‐5p induced inflammatory damage in hippocampal neurons by activating microglia. MiR‐345‐5p may be an effective target for TRD therapy.