bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tendency and Time
Authors: Sinclair Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the temporal sense of Ravaisson’s notion of tendency and inclination, in showing how it implies a notion of duration, as a non-linear, non-quantifiable lived time. The chapter shows first that Bergson’s famous account of duration, Time and Free Will, departs from Ravaisson’s explicit remarks about time as irreducible to quantification in his own doctoral dissertation half a century earlier. The second section shows that Bergson’s notion of duration takes up Lemoine’s L’Habitude et l’instinct, which itself developed Ravaisson’s more oblique remarks concerning habit and durée. Lemoine enables us to see, with and after Ravaisson, not only that habit involves a non-linear notion of time as duration, but also that the most fundamental form of habit is durée understood as a primitive contraction of past, present, and future.
Maggie’s Den
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 shows the transformation that occurred, between 1968 and 1997, in lawmakers’ approaches to bingo and what it represented about the nation. Focusing especially on Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government (1979–90), it identifies three key changes. First, commercial bingo was significantly deregulated, and political debates were refocused on the need to bolster the industry, including by taxing non-commercial operators that were its alleged competitors. Second, political debates about gambling moved away from self-organized mutual aid towards charity. Third, there were increased references to commercial bingo within discussions of welfare and consumer responsibility, and as a result gambling became proof of individual fecklessness rather than national cultural and economic decline. In charting these changes, the chapter makes bingo reforms central to the state’s broader project of welfare state restructuring and better regulation in the 1980s and 1990s. In particular, it emphasizes the state’s alliance with charitable actors to privilege non-participatory forms of gambling (especially lotteries) over gambling run by non-commercial members’ clubs. The chapter also identifies the key role of gender in gambling debates, showing that deregulation rested in significant part on claims that commercial bingo halls provided lonely old women with their only source of company.
The Sociolegal Significance of Membership
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 revisits debates about the role of membership in building alternative, non-capitalist forms of collective being. Rather than assuming that the committed member is distinct from the passive, usually feminized consumer, the chapter seeks instead to explore the ways that membership is, or is not, activated in non-commercial and commercial gambling. Using bingo practices as evidence, the chapter probes the blurred boundaries between membership and consumption, exploring how the two are co-constituted. After charting the gendered and racialized membership exclusions in working men’s clubs, the chapter traces how women’s bingo organising labour involves resistance to state membership rules. Mutual aid practices are sustained by this resistance. Finally, the chapter identifies a distinctive sense of membership within commercial bingo, wherein halls become the realm of occupying players—usually older women—who act like they own the place. The chapter thereby seeks to trouble the dichotomy between membership and consumption.
State Optics and Bingo Definitions
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 focuses on the new types of bingo authorized by regulators since the 2005 Gambling Act came into effect, in 2007. To better understand the official and unofficial definitions of the game, the chapter centres the dynamic interactions between newly permitted technologies and artefacts, and users (both workers and players). The broader stakes of the seemingly narrow interest in bingo definitions relate to two key debates, about: (1) the centrality of premises concerns to the regulation of gambling technologies; and (2) the key role of user adaptation (including by workers) in reanimating bingo vernaculars. The chapter asks some deceptively simple questions: what makes a bingo premises a bingo premises, or a bingo operator a bingo operator? What is bingo, and how much of it needs to be played in order that a bingo premises can be differentiated from one licensed for other types of gaming? The answers are extremely contested, including by the people who work and play in the shadow of newly created official definitions. In particular, through analysis of a successful regulatory effort to prevent licensed bingo from being allowed in pubs, the chapter shows that employees’ work to re-enable social gambling practices is being overlooked by the state.
Control, Attitudes, and Accountability
Authors: Portmore Douglas W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It seems that we can be directly accountable for our reasons-responsive attitudes—e.g. our beliefs, desires, and intentions. Yet, we rarely, if ever, have volitional control over such attitudes, volitional control being the sort of control that we exert directly over our intentional actions. This presents a trilemma: (Horn 1) deny that we can be directly accountable for our reasons-responsive attitudes, (Horn 2) deny that φ’s being under our direct control is necessary for our being directly accountable for φ-ing, or (Horn 3) deny that the relevant sort of control is volitional control. This paper argues that we should take Horn 3.
Moral Testimony Goes Only So Far
Authors: Harman Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper argues for answers to two questions, and then identifies a tension between the two answers. First, regarding the implications of moral ignorance for moral responsibility: “Do false moral views exculpate?” Does believing that one is acting morally permissibly render one blameless? It does not. Second, in moral epistemology: “Can moral testimony provide moral knowledge?” It can (even granting some worries about moral deference). The tension: If moral testimony can provide moral knowledge, then surely it can provide justified false moral belief. But surely there is no blameworthiness in a case in which a person acts on a justified false moral belief. So surely some false moral views do exculpate. This tension can be resolved by adoption of the view that moral testimony cannot provide justified false moral belief; this view relies on the fact that whether a belief is justified is sensitive to an agent’s total evidence.
From ‘Castles in the Air’ to the Topographical Gothic
Authors: Townshend Dale 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter charts the genesis, development, and eventual modification of Ann Radcliffe’s architectural imagination over the most active years of her career. Having provided a reading of the politics of Radcliffe’s fictional castles, and situating her representations within the tradition of eighteenth-century landscape painting, the argument explores the transition from imaginary Gothic architectural forms—those proverbial ‘castles in the sky’—to the ‘real-life’ Gothic castles described in contemporary antiquarian topographies. Broadening the focus out beyond the particular case of Radcliffe, the chapter explores a more general sense of cultural transition in the period, one that resulted in a marked turning away from fake ruins, follies, and fictional ‘castles in the air’ and a movement into the more ‘authentic’, grounded, and antiquarian impulses of the ‘topographical Gothic’.
Natality and Mortality
Authors: Stone Alison 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter reconsiders mortality in view of its connections with birth and natality, arguing that mortality is a relational phenomenon. Because we are relational beings, when someone dies who was important to us, we lose part of our own selves, and so different people’s deaths shade into each other. We have grounds to fear our deaths because they spell the end of our relationships and because on death we will cease to be in the world as one that we share with others. To elaborate these ideas, I draw on Beauvoir’s work and on Heidegger’s analysis of Dasein’s supposedly non-relational mortality, which can nonetheless help us to draw out what implications follow if our mortality is in fact relational. One implication is that mortality loses the priority over natality that Heidegger accords it; another implication is that fidelity, as well as authenticity, is important in our ethical lives.
Topologies of the Classical World in Children's Fiction
Authors: Nelson Claudia , Morey Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This book draws upon cognitive poetics and uses an assortment of works written in Britain and the US for preteen and adolescent readers from 1906 to 2018 to argue that authors typically employ a limited and powerful set of spatial metaphors to organize the classical past for young readers. Popular models include palimpsest texts, which see the past as a collection of strata in which each new era forms a layer superimposed upon a foundation laid earlier; map texts, which use the metaphor of the mappable journey to represent a protagonist’s process of maturing while gaining knowledge of the self and/or the world; and fractal texts, in which small parts of the narrative are thematically identical to the whole in a way that implies that history is infinitely repeatable. While a given text may embrace multiple metaphors in presenting the past, we argue for associations between dominant metaphors, genre, and outlook. Map texts highlight problem-solving and arrival at one’s planned destination; they model an assertive, confident outlook. Palimpsest texts position character and reader as occupying one among many equally important temporal layers; they emphasize the landscape’s continuity but the individual’s impermanence, modeling a more modest vision of one’s place in time. Fractal texts work by analogy, denying difference between past and present and inviting readers to conclude that significant change may be impossible. Thus each model uses the classical past to urge and thus perhaps to develop a particular approach to life.
History is a Palimpsest 2
Authors: Nelson Claudia , Morey Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores a further set of palimpsestic texts, E. Nesbit’s fantasy The Enchanted Castle (1907) and five historical novels: Caroline Dale Snedeker’s Theras and His Town (1924), The Forgotten Daughter (1933), and The White Isle (1940); Elizabeth George Speare’s The Bronze Bow (1961); and Rosemary Sutcliff’s The Eagle of the Ninth (1954). It is argued that these texts emphasize family as a mechanism for representing both disparate experiences between parents and children and continuity over time, in keeping with the topological resources of the palimpsest figure. Palimpsestic texts are fundamentally about a maturing or an aging that the child has not yet experienced, and that maturation is sometimes represented as a kind of inevitable damage or loss to both place and person. Indeed, a dominant facet of this set of palimpsestic texts is an analogy between damage to the landscape that the characters inhabit and damage to the human body. Methodologically, these works are examined with the aid of critics who consider the representation and cultivation of empathy in fiction.
Tragic Sensibilities
Authors: Hernandez Alex Eric 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the parallel development of bourgeois tragedy, genre serieux (the serious genre), and the era’s early sentimental literature. It reads Sarah Fielding’s pathbreaking sentimental novel, The Adventures of David Simple (1744), and Henry Fielding’s Amelia (1751) in light of the siblings’ close connection to the first generation of bourgeois tragedians in order to claim that sentimental fiction refigures tragedy’s aesthetic frames, with both adopting the tableau in order to invest simple, pathetic scenes of ordinary suffering with dignity. The chapter then considers how these formal elements navigate between realism, sentimentality, and ironic detachment by looking briefly at scenes from Laurence Sterne’s A Sentimental Journey (1768), Henry Mackenzie’s The Man of Feeling (1771), and Sophia Lee’s adaptation of Diderot’s Le Pere de famille (1758) as A Chapter of Accidents (1782). Finally, it considers this cultural and affective work in light of recent theories of “public intimacy.”
Introduction
Authors: Coss Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 defines the term ‘aristocracy’. It functioned in a militarized society where property was accompanied by physical power, the decline of public institutions, the rise of seigniorial power, and the prominence of vertical social relations. Aristocracy denotes a way of life and a sense of social superiority. Aristocracy is an historian’s construct, and there is a tension between the terms ‘aristocracy’ and ‘nobility’, the latter being a term of medieval usage. In this work ‘aristocracy’ is deployed to include all levels of the secular elite, while the use of ‘nobility’ is reserved until its crystallization in the late twelfth century. The word ‘aristocracy’ can be modified to describe levels within the elite and qualified according to social level, function or lifestyle, time and place, or origins. One can speak, therefore, of an urban aristocracy as well as a rural one.
“I Saw One Woman Faint”
Authors: Marsh John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The chapter on panic begins—as it must—with Orson Welles’s 1938 War of the Worlds, the panic it inspired, and the scholarly debate about panic that it also began. With War of the Worlds as a touchstone, the chapter turns to other supposed instances of panic in the decade: the stock market crash in 1929, the bank runs of 1933, and Richard Wright’s Native Son, which begins with Bigger Thomas’s panicked murder of Mary Dalton and ends with Wright’s depiction of the hysterical response to that crime on the part of white Chicagoans. Putting these texts together, the chapter argues that for as much as we remember the decade of the 1930s for its populism, it was also a decade in which people felt real fear about what individuals and crowds of people might be capable of when they panicked or otherwise lost control of their emotions.
Restoration
Authors: Siwicki Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter opens by considering the functional and ideological reasons behind the rebuilding of structures in ancient Rome. It then moves into a discussion of agency in restoration, examining the extent to which it was the patrons, architects, or other individuals who were responsible for decisions regarding the designs of buildings. The final part of the chapter aims to show the prevailing Roman approach to the restoration of public buildings and sets out a key premise which informs the rest of the study. Briefly, this is that restoration was consistently carried out in an innovative manner, which involved designs being made grander, updated in line with contemporary architectural practices, and with no overt attempt made to purposefully preserve the former appearance of a building for historical reasons.
Periodizing Secularization
Authors: Field Clive D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Moving beyond the (now somewhat tired) debates about secularization as paradigm, theory, or master narrative, this book focuses upon the empirical evidence for secularization, viewed in its descriptive sense as the waning social influence of religion, in Britain. Particular emphasis is attached to the two key performance indicators of religious allegiance and churchgoing, each subsuming several sub-indicators, between 1880 and 1945, including the first substantive account of secularization during the fin de siècle. A wide range of primary sources is deployed, many relatively or entirely unknown, and with due regard to their methodological and interpretative challenges. On the back of them, a cross-cutting statistical measure of ‘active church adherence’ is devised, which clearly shows how secularization has been a reality and a gradual, not revolutionary, process. The most likely causes of secularization were an incremental demise of a Sabbatarian culture and of religious socialization (in the church, at home, and in the school). The analysis is also extended backwards, to include a summary of developments during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and laterally, to incorporate a preliminary evaluation of a six-dimensional model of ‘diffusive religion’, demonstrating that these alternative performance indicators have hitherto failed to prove that secularization has not occurred. The book is designed as a prequel to the author’s previous volumes on the chronology of British secularization – Britain’s Last Religious Revival? (2015) and Secularization in the Long 1960s (2017). Together, they offer a holistic picture of religious transformation in Britain during the key secularizing century of 1880–1980. [250 words]
Conclusion—Periodizing Secularization
Authors: Field Clive D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Since most chapters contain individual summaries, they are not reproduced in the conclusion. Rather, there is a holistic overview of religious allegiance and churchgoing across seven micro-periods between 1880 and 1980, with reference to a hybrid measure of adult ‘active church adherence’ relative to population. This declined continuously and gradually, undermining arguments for ‘revolutionary’ secularization in the 1960s. A second section considers six dimensions of ‘diffusive religion’, a basket of alternative performance indicators cited by some scholars who contend religion has not declined but simply changed, moving away from institutional expressions. Such claims are not judged evidentially strong. The third section updates secularization’s historiography, critiquing previous work on the alleged religious crisis of 1890–1914, the religious impact of the world wars, and the so-called religious revival of the 1950s and crisis of the 1960s. The causation of secularization is discussed, and weakening Sabbatarianism and religious socialization of children are emphasized.
Resurgent Asia
Authors: Nayyar Deepak 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Resurgent Asia analyses the phenomenal transformation of Asia, which would have been difficult to imagine, let alone predict, fifty years ago, when Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama. In doing so, it provides an analytical narrative of this remarkable story of economic development, situated in its wider context of historical, political, and social factors, and an economic analysis of the underlying factors, with a focus on critical issues in the process of, and outcomes in, development. In 1970, Asia was the poorest continent in the world, marginal except for its large population. By 2016, it accounted for three-tenths of world income, two-fifths of world manufacturing, and one-third of world trade, while its income per capita converged towards the world average. However, this transformation was associated with unequal outcomes across countries and between people. The analysis disaggregates Asia into its four constituent sub-regions—East, Southeast, South, and West—and further into fourteen economies—China, India, South Korea, Indonesia, Turkey, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka—which account for more than four-fifths of its population and income. This book enhances our understanding of development processes and outcomes in Asia over the past fifty years, draws out the analytical conclusions that contribute to contemporary debates on development, and highlights some lessons from the Asian experience for countries elsewhere. It is the first to examine the phenomenal changes that are transforming economies in Asia and shifting the balance of economic power in the world, while reflecting on the future prospects in Asia over the next twenty-five years. A rich, engaging, and fascinating read.
The rise of Asia
Authors: Nayyar Deepak 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The transformation of Asia reflected in its demographic transition, social progress, and economic development, has been phenomenal. During 1970–2016, growth in GDP and GDP per capita in Asia was much higher than elsewhere in the world economy. Its share of world GDP rose from less than one-tenth to three-tenths. Its income per capita converged towards the world average. Its share in world industrial production jumped from 4 per cent to 40 per cent. This provides a sharp contrast with the precipitous decline of Asia in the world economy during the colonial era. For Asian countries, political independence, which restored their economic autonomy and enabled them to pursue their national development objectives, made this possible. However, economic and social development was most unequal between the constituent sub-regions of Asia. East Asia was the leader and South Asia was the laggard, with Southeast Asia in the middle, while progress in West Asia did not match its high income levels.
The Challenge of ‘Foreign Fighters’ to the Liberal International Legal Order
Authors: Krähenmann Sandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter proposes an analysis of Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014) as an illustration of how states used the institutional structure set up by the liberal international legal order in order to provide a comprehensive framework for addressing the mobilization and recruitment of so-called foreign fighters. In the second part of the chapter, two particularly emblematic policies tailored towards addressing ‘foreign fighter’ mobilization will be analysed. First, against the background of the ‘foreign fighter’ phenomenon, initiatives to prevent violent extremism and radicalization have gained traction with a particular focus on the abuse of modern information and communication technology to incite support for terrorism and spread violent extremism is highlighted. Second, states increasingly resort to revocation of citizenship as a part of their counterterrorism arsenal.
Investment Law and Renewable Energy
Authors: Simões Fernando Dias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The last decade witnessed the emergence of an international market for renewable energy. Foreign investment is particularly important in this field. Governments around the world have implemented economic support mechanisms to encourage private investment, leading a substantial number of companies to invest in renewable energy production. However, for different reasons several countries decided to reduce or eliminate those incentives, unleashing a wave of arbitration claims. Foreign investors are challenging such measures, claiming that they reduce the profitability of their investments in a way which is contrary to the obligations borne by host states under international investment agreements. The crux of the question is whether investors can seek compensation under investment treaties when governments encourage investment via economic support schemes but decide to reduce or eliminate them after the investment is sunk. These disputes raise a classic problem in investment law: how to strike a balance between foreign investors’ reliance on the regulations that underpin their long-term investments and the host state’s right to adapt regulations to new circumstances.