bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term changes in the gut microbiota after 14‐day bismuth quadruple therapy in penicillin‐allergic children
Authors: Zhou Ying , Ye Ziqing , Lu Junping , Miao Shijian , Lu Xiaolan , Sun Hua , Wu Jie , Wang Yuhuan , Huang Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPenicillin‐allergic children who are infected with Helicobacter pylori constitute a relatively common subgroup. We aimed to study the short‐term and long‐term effects of bismuth quadruple therapy on gut microbiota in penicillin‐allergic children.MethodsWe prospectively recruited treatment‐naive children with H pylori infection and H pylori‐negative asymptomatic children as healthy controls. Patients received 14‐day bismuth quadruple therapy consisting of omeprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and bismuth. Fecal samples were collected at weeks 0, 2, 6, and 52. Alterations in the gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsTwenty‐two subjects (14 gastritis patients, 8 duodenal ulcer patients) and 23 controls participated in this study. At week 2, alpha diversity was reduced in both gastritis (P < .05) and ulcer (except P = .16 with Chao 1 index) patients compared with baseline. Some changes persisted at week 6, and all were restored at week 52. Beta diversity was significantly altered 2 weeks after treatment in the gastritis and duodenal ulcer groups (P = .001, P = .002, respectively) and restored at weeks 6 and 52. The mean relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < .001, P = .005, respectively) decreased and that of Proteobacteria increased (P < .001, P = .03, respectively). All alterations recovered at week 6 and 52. In both the gastritis and ulcer groups at week 2, some beneficial bacteria were decreased including Bacteroides (P < .001 and P = .003), Faecalibacterium (P < .001 and P = .02), Phascolarctobacterium (P = .002 and P = .004), Roseburia ( P < .001 and P = .13), Bifidobacterium (P = .08 and P = .04), and Blautia (P < .001 and P = .002). Some detrimental bacteria were increased including Escherichia‐Shigella (P < .001 and P = .19), Klebsiella (P < .001, and P = .09), Enterococcus (P < .001 and P = .007), and Streptococcus (P = .002 and P = .004). The changes returned to almost the pre‐eradication level 1 year after therapy.ConclusionBismuth quadruple therapy causes short‐term dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Most changes recovered 1‐year post‐eradication, indicating the long‐term safety of H pylori therapy.
Bismuth quadruple regimen with tetracycline or doxycycline versus three‐in‐one single capsule as third‐line rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: Spanish data of the European Helicobacter pylori Registry (Hp‐EuReg)
Authors: Nyssen Olga P. , Perez‐Aisa Angeles , Rodrigo Luis , Castro Manuel , Mata Romero Pilar , Ortuño Juan , Barrio Jesus , Huguet Jose Maria , Modollel Ines , Alcaide Noelia , Lucendo Alfredo , Calvet Xavier , Perona Monica , Gomez Barbara , Gomez Rodriguez Blas Jose , Varela Pilar , Jimenez‐Moreno Manuel , Dominguez‐Cajal Manuel , Pozzati Liliana , Burgos‐Santamaria Diego , Bujanda Luis , Hinojosa Jenifer , Molina‐Infante Javier , Di Maira Tommaso , Ferrer Luis , Fernández‐Salazar Luis , Figuerola Ariadna , Tito Llucia , de la Coba Cristobal , Gomez‐Camarero Judith , Fernandez Nuria , Caldas Maria , Garre Ana , Resina Elena , Puig Ignasi , O’Morain Colm , Megraud Francis , Gisbert Javier P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferent bismuth quadruple therapies containing proton‐pump inhibitors, bismuth salts, metronidazole, and a tetracycline have been recommended as third‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment after failure with clarithromycin and levofloxacin.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of third‐line treatments with bismuth, metronidazole, and either tetracycline or doxycycline.MethodsSub‐study with Spanish data of the “European Registry on H pylori Management” (Hp‐EuReg), international multicenter prospective non‐interventional Registry of the routine clinical practice of gastroenterologists. After previous failure with clarithromycin‐ and levofloxacin‐containing therapies, patients receiving a third‐line regimen with 10/14‐day bismuth salts, metronidazole, and either tetracycline (BQT‐Tet) or doxycycline (BQT‐Dox), or single capsule (BQT‐three‐in‐one) were included. Data were registered at AEG‐REDCap database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsFour‐hundred and fifty‐four patients have been treated so far: 85 with BQT‐Tet, 94 with BQT‐Dox, and 275 with BQT‐three‐in‐one. Average age was 53 years, 68% were women. Overall modified intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol eradication rates were 81% (BQT‐Dox: 65%, BQT‐Tet: 76%, BQT‐three‐in‐one: 88%) and 82% (BQT‐Dox: 66%, BQT‐Tet: 77%, BQT‐three‐in‐one: 88%), respectively. By logistic regression, higher eradication rates were associated with compliance (OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.01‐8.84) and no prior metronidazole use (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.15‐3.33); BQT‐three‐in‐one was superior to BQT‐Dox (OR = 4.46; 95% CI = 2.51‐8.27), and BQT‐Tet was marginally superior to BQT‐Dox (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 0.85‐3.29).ConclusionThird‐line H pylori eradication with bismuth quadruple treatment (after failure with clarithromycin and levofloxacin) offers acceptable efficacy and safety. Highest efficacy was found in compliant patients and those taking 10‐day BQT‐three‐in‐one or 14‐day BQT‐Tet. Doxycycline seems to be less effective and therefore should not be recommended.
Has Oppy Done Away with the Aristotelian Proof?
Authors: McNabb Tyler , DeVito Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this essay, we engage with Graham Oppy’s work on Thomas Aquinas’s First Way. We argue that Oppy’s objections shouldn’t be seen as successful. In order to establish this thesis, we first analyze Oppy’s exegesis of Aquinas’s First Way, as well as the counter‐arguments he puts forth (including the charge that Aquinas’s argument is invalid or, if deemed valid, forces one to adopt determinism). Next, we address Oppy’s handling of the contemporary scholarship covering the First Way. Specifically, we lay out Edward Feser’s most recent formulation of the argument and analyze Oppy’s main objection to it.
Sulfur and carbon isotopic systematics of Guadalupian‐Lopingian (Permian) mid‐Panthalassa: δ34S and δ13C profiles in accreted paleo‐atoll carbonates in Japan
Authors: Maruoka Teruyuki , Isozaki Yukio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImmediately before the extinction of the end‐Guadalupian (Middle Permian; ca 260 Ma), a significant change to the global carbon cycle occurred in the superocean Panthalassa, as indicated by a prominent positive δ13C excursion called the Kamura event. However, the causes of this event and its connection to the major extinction of marine invertebrates remain unclear. To understand the mutual relationships between these changes, we analyzed the sulfur isotope ratio of the carbonate‐associated sulfate (CAS) and HCl‐insoluble residue, as well as the carbon isotope ratio of bulk organic matter, for the Middle‐Upper Permian carbonates of an accreted mid‐oceanic paleo‐atoll complex from Japan, where the Kamura event was first documented. We detected the following unique aspects of the stable carbon and sulfur isotope records. First, the extremely high δ13C values of carbonate (δ13Ccarb) over +5 ‰ during the Capitanian (late Guadalupian) were associated with large isotopic differences between carbonate and organic matter (Δ13C = δ13Ccarb − δ13Corg). We infer that the Capitanian Kamura event reflected an unusually large amount of dissolved organic matter in the expanded oxygen minimum zone at mid‐depth. Second, the δ34S values of CAS (δ34SCAS) were inversely correlated with the δ13Ccarb values during the Capitanian to early Wuchiapingian (early Late Permian) interval. The Capitanian trend may have appeared under increased oceanic sulfate conditions, which were accelerated by intense volcanic outgassing. Bacterial sulfate reduction with increased sulfate concentrations in seawater may have stimulated the production of pyrite that may have incorporated iron in pre‐existing iron hydroxide/oxide. This stimulated phosphorus release, which enhanced organic matter production and resulted in high δ13Ccarb. Low δ34SCAS values under high sulfate concentrations were maintained and the continuous supply of sulfate cannot by explained only by the volcanic eruption of the Emeishan Trap, which has been proposed as a cause of the extinction. The Wuchiapingian δ34SCAS–δ13Ccarb correlation, likely related to low sulfate concentration, may have been caused by the removal of oceanic sulfate through the massive evaporite deposition.
Effect of the plant waste onto the properties of use and the microstructure of phyllosilicates based ceramics
Authors: Serewane Deramne Rosellyne , Lecomte‐Nana Gisèle Laure , Peyratout Claire , Naït‐Ali Benoit , Tchangbedji Gado 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed at using plant waste (Musa Paradisiaca) for manufacturing clay‐based ceramics in order to promote lower sintering temperature while preserving the properties of use. Two kaolinic‐illitic clays (NZ1 and KO) from Central African Republic were used mixed with 1 to 10 mass% of the plant waste (MP). The clays and the waste exhibited accessory phases: quartz and iron oxides, and K2O respectively. MP was collected, dried and sieved (<100 μm) previously to its mixture with clays. According to the sintering behavior of KO and NZ1 derived from thermodilatometry, the densification was obtained after firing at 1200°C. Results showed that open porosity decreased from 35% to 17% with increasing temperature in the range 900 to 1200°C for KO and NZ1. This porosity remained in the range 30%‐40% while increasing the MP content (firing at 1000°C for 1h.). The optimized MP content was 3 and 5 mass% for KO and NZ1 clay materials respectively. The compressive strength and thermal conductivities were improved compared to clay samples without MP fired at 1200°C. Moreover a significant decrease in the sintering temperature was achieved, leading to energy saving in line with sustainability issues.
Repeat serological testing for anti‐citrullinated peptide antibody after commencement of therapy is not helpful in patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Reid Alistair B. , Wiese Michael , McWilliams Leah , Metcalf Rob , Hall Cindy , Lee Anita , Hill Catherine , Wechalekar Mihir , Cleland Les , Proudman Susanna M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) define ‘seropositive’ rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both predict unfavourable disease course, development of extra‐articular features and treatment outcomes. We investigated the prevalence of seroconversion to ACPA after commencement of triple disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug (DMARD) treat‐to‐target therapy.AimTo Investigate the prevalence of seroconversion to ACPA after commencement of triple DMARD treat‐to‐target therapy.MethodsDMARD‐naïve patients with RA according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria and disease duration of <96 weeks were enrolled. RF and ACPA levels were recorded at baseline and sequentially during triple DMARD therapy.ResultsA total of 368 patients was followed for a median of 272 weeks. Of 154 patients seronegative for ACPA at recruitment, 10 (6.5%) seroconverted at some point. Nine of these were positive for RF at baseline and baseline RF titre was predictive of seroconversion. Four (2.6%) patients remained seropositive. No patients seroconverted from negative to positive for both RF and ACPA. Median time to seroconversion for ACPA was 29 months.ConclusionPersistent seroconversion of ACPA from negative to positive after diagnosis in patients with RA is uncommon. ACPA and RF double negative patients are highly unlikely ever to develop ACPA positivity with a risk <1%. It is therefore unlikely to be helpful or cost‐effective to perform serial ACPA measurements in patients with seronegative RA after commencement of a treat‐to‐target strategy.
Left anterior descending artery dissection: a rare sequela of blunt chest trauma
Authors: Das Souvik K. , Itty Charles , Vaishnav Manan , Mumford Drew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraumatic coronary artery (CA) dissection is an extremely rare sequela of blunt chest trauma. Diagnosis of CA dissection in the setting of chest trauma is challenging. While conventionally coronary angiography has been the diagnostic tool of choice, modern imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography can further improve diagnostic accuracy and help optimise treatment strategy. The ideal treatment modality for managing CA dissection has not been established with case reports revealing a range of treatment strategies ranging from CA bypass grafting to a completely conservative management. Here we present a case report of a 68‐year‐old man who suffered a traumatic proximal left anterior descending artery dissection as a consequence of a motor‐vehicle accident and was subsequently treated with a combination of conservative and interventional strategy with optimal patient outcome.
Patients with multiple myeloma over a large catchment of 2.5 million square kilometres: a Western Australia retrospective survival review
Authors: Ng Teng Fong , Burrow Sally , Leahy Michael , Augustson Bradley , Trentino Kevin , De Kraa Rebecca , Wright Matthew , Carnley Ben 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. We retrospectively reviewed the survival outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma in Western Australia (WA) public hospitals over a 10‐year period. We did not detect a difference in survival between patients residing in the metropolitan Perth and regional areas, despite a paucity of haematology services in regional WA due to low population density in a large geographic area. Patients with revised international staging system Stage 3 had the poorest survival in our cohort with median survival of 24 months.
Diabetes insipidus complicating apoplexy during pregnancy: the potential use of copeptin
Authors: Bichard Lisa K. , Torpy David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPituitary apoplexy during pregnancy is rare but important to recognise, particularly in the hyperoestrogenaemic state when known lactotroph hyperplasia occurs. Untreated, the complication rates from pituitary adenomas depend on the size of the adenoma before pregnancy. A history of thirst plus polydipsia during pregnancy raises suspicion for diabetes insipidus and a 24‐h urine collection quantifying polyuria with an inappropriately low urine osmolality confirms the diagnosis. Further evaluation for assessing diabetes insipidus in pregnancy may be facilitated by the use of a copeptin.
Maternal origins, population structure and demographic history of ten Chinese indigenous goat breeds from Yunnan
Authors: Li Rong , Sun Jianshu , Zhao Yincheng , Xiao Heng , Chen Shanyuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractYunnan as a frontier zone that connects China with South and Southeast Asia, has 11 well‐recognized goat breeds. However, the knowledge about maternal origins, population structure and demographic history of Chinese indigenous goats from Yunnan is limited. In this study, we analysed a 481‐bp fragment of first hypervariable segment (HVSI) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences of 749 individuals from 10 Yunnan indigenous goat breeds, of which 556 sequences were newly determined. There were 110 polymorphic sites that defined 158 haplotypes among all sequences. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of these breeds ranged from 0.782 ± 0.079 to 0.982 ± 0.015 and from 0.028 ± 0.003 to 0.043 ± 0.005, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis identified two lineages A and B, of which the lineage A had higher frequency (68.1%) and distributed in all Yunnan breeds. We combined previously reported sequences with our sequences belonging to the lineage B and detected two subclades B1 and B2, in which the B1 subclade shared individuals from Eastern Asia, Southeast Asia and Southern Asia. Given higher level of diversity and more unique haplotypes, the B2 subclade probably originated from Southwestern China. The haplotype network, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and a Mantel test revealed no significant phylogeographic structuring among Yunnan goat breeds. This can be explained by high gene flow and genetic admixture among these breeds from different geographic regions in Yunnan. Additionally, both the lineages A and B reflected different demographic histories. This study will provide a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of Yunnan indigenous goats.
The importance of skin manifestations, serology and nailfold (video)capillaroscopy in morphea and systemic sclerosis: current understanding and new insights
Authors: Mostmans Y. , Richert B. , Badot V. , Nagant C. , Smith V. , Michel O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the field around morphea and systemic sclerosis (SSc) is evolving rapidly, this review approaches conventional as well as more recent clinical developments from a dermatological point of view. Skin manifestations are critical in sub‐classifying these diseases ensuring a correct prognosis for these patients. They can be discretely present, and therefore, diagnosis can be challenging sometimes, implicating a thorough dermatological examination is mandatory. Furthermore, a growing amount of dermatologists perform nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), a more recent reliable non‐invasive imaging technique used for in vivo assessment of the microcirculation at the nailfold. After all, specific NVC‐changes are present in a majority of patients with SSc. This way, dermatologists not only take part in the diagnosis process through clinical investigation but also through the use of a modern state of the art imaging technique that is becoming the golden standard in SSc multidisciplinary workup. In this review, current understandings for NVC in morphea and SSc are revised. So far, the role of NVC in the diagnosis/prognosis/classification of morphea patients has not been thoroughly investigated to make proper conclusions. As for SSc, it is well known that NVC contributes to the diagnosis and can make a fundamental difference especially when obvious clinical SSc signs are absent. This review emphasizes the (somewhat underestimated) role of dermatologists in the process of diagnosis and follow‐up, and thus, the difference we can make for our patients and fellow colleagues in the multidisciplinary workup of SSc and morphea.
Work Schedule Unpredictability: Daily Occurrence and Effects on Working Parents' Well‐Being
Authors: Ananat Elizabeth O. , Gassman‐Pines Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the pervasiveness and frequency of work schedule unpredictability among workers in low‐wage hourly jobs and the effects of work schedule unpredictability on worker and family well‐being.BackgroundFamily science has long considered the ways in which parents' experiences in the workplace can affect families. Although unpredictability in work schedules has increased over time, especially for low‐wage workers, the effects of schedule unpredictability on worker and family well‐being have been understudied.MethodNinety‐two workers with children aged 2–7, recruited using a new venue‐time sampling technique, were asked to complete once‐a‐day surveys for 30 consecutive days (N = 2,221 person‐days for analysis). Descriptive analyses and regression models with family fixed effects were utilized.ResultsWork schedule unpredictability was common in the context of families' lives: over the 30 days, parents experienced an unanticipated work schedule change on 13.3% of days, and 87% of parents experienced at least one unanticipated work schedule change. Within families, unpredictable work schedule changes on a given day were associated with worse outcomes that day for parents, including increased negative mood and decreased perceived sleep quality.ConclusionWork schedule unpredictability is ubiquitous in the lives of low‐wage hourly workers and is negatively related to working parents' well‐being.ImplicationsThese results provide evidence that unscheduled and canceled shifts typical of low‐wage service jobs may harm parents' well‐being, which could ultimately affect their children's development and well‐being.
Foundations of oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: John Mike T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOral health‐related quality of life (OHRQOL) is the component of health‐related quality of life that relates to the effects of oral diseases and dental interventions on patients. This article describes why OHRQOL is important and how it is measured. The conceptual basis for OHRQOL is discussed. A four‐dimensional structure consisting of Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact as the OHRQOL dimensions has emerged as psychometrically sound and clinically intuitive. Consequently, when the impact of oral diseases or the effects of dental interventions are measured, four dimension scores capturing these attributes need to be used.
Prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in a historical Austrian population
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Tangl Stefan , Rybaczek Tina , Berger Barbara , Traindl‐Prohazka Martina , Schuller‐Götzburg Peter , Grossschmidt Karl 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and severity of periodontitis based on different diagnostic methods in a historical Austrian population from the early middle ages.BackgroundThe description of the oral health status of archaeological material can provide interesting insights into prevalence, severity, and extent of oral diseases. Herein, the periodontal health status of the skeletal remains of medieval Avars (700‐800 AD), which were considered as one of the earliest Avarian settlements in Austria, was investigated.MethodsThe skeletal remains of 128 Avars were examined; age and gender were estimated by standard forensic methods and tooth loss and root caries were recorded. Periodontitis was assessed by (a) measurement of the alveolar bone levels (ABL) and (b) evaluation of the interdental septa.ResultsA mean ABL of 4.8 mm was determined, root caries tended to accumulate in teeth with a higher alveolar bone loss, and on average, 6.2 teeth were lost antemortem. Independent of the diagnostic method >90% of the subjects were judged as periodontally diseased, and age and tooth type were significant predictors. However, on the tooth level the presence of periodontitis varied considerably depending on the diagnostic method; that is, 7.6% versus 47.2% of the teeth were judged as healthy based on ABL or interdental septa, respectively.ConclusionThe periodontal status of the skeletal remains of medieval Avars revealed a considerable high prevalence of periodontitis (ie, >90% of this population displayed periodontal tissue breakdown). However, the diagnostic method, disease definition, and data presentation should be considered when comparing results of archaeological material.