bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ratings of Emotional Expressions in Static and Dynamic Facial Recordings Before and After Upper Face Botulinum Injections—An Observational Prospective Study
Authors: Dobel Christian , Algermissen Eva , Thielker Jovanna , Geißler Katharina , Volk Gerd Fabian , Klingner Carsten , Witte Otto Wilhelm , Junghöfer Markus , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Botulinum toxin A (BTX), a neurotoxin widely used for facial aesthetics, causes dose-dependent muscle paralysis. It was hypothesized that treatment of mimic muscles with BTX might have a positive impact on emotional expression in static images (photographs), but a negative impact in dynamic recordings (videos).

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare of emotional expression recorded in photographs and videos before and after treatment with BTX.

Methods
Twenty healthy women (mean age, 45 years) received a dose of 19 mouse units of XEOMIN (Merz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) into the procerus, occipitofrontalis, and orbicularis oculi muscles. Photographs and videos of the participants’ faces with neutral and happy expressions were recorded before treatment and 2 weeks later. Recordings were rated by naive raters blind to the conditions and in balanced order.

Results
Videos were generally rated as more pleasant, arousing, attractive, and genuine than photographs (all Ps &gt; 0.001). This was especially the case for videos with neutral expression (P = 0.003). Independent of presentation mode and facial expression, women were rated as more attractive after BTX treatment (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
In contrast to the hypothesis, the reduced mobility had no detectable negative impact on dynamic emotional expression, but videos received more positive ratings, particularly for neutral expressions. It is thus recommended to assess emotional expression with dynamic recordings to evaluate the effects of treatment with BTX. BTX seems to improve perceived attractiveness, although the cause of this effect remains unclear.
Compact Fat Grafting: A Novel Method to Improve Graft Retention Through Modulation of Adipocyte Size
Authors: Kim Il-Kug , Hong Ki Yong , Ju Uk-Il , Choi Bong Gyu , Jin Ung Sik , Chun Yang-Sook , Chang Hak 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The viable zone where adipocytes and/or adipose-derived stem cells survive is present at the surface of graft fat tissue; however, there is controversy regarding the zone thickness. Graft retention could be improved if more adipocytes are included in the zone.

Objectives
We hypothesize that a temporary reduction in adipocyte size prior to grafting could increase the number of adipocytes in the viable zone. We reduced the adipocyte size by treatment with MLN4924, which controls lipid accumulation in adipocytes, and investigated the histological and microenvironmental changes in grafted fat.

Methods
Subcutaneous fat harvested from wild-type C57BL/6J mice was chopped into small pieces; treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (control group), 0.25 μM MLN4924, or 0.5 μM MLN4924 for 4 days; and grafted into recipient C57BL/6J mice at the supraperiosteal plane of the skull.

Results
The reduced adipocyte size in response to MLN4924 treatment was restored within 8 weeks after fat grafting. The MLN4924-treated groups exhibited substantially greater graft volume, lower tissue hypoxia, and higher production of M2 macrophages compared with the control group.

Conclusions
Grafting with compact fat that had smaller adipocytes improved the microenvironment by modulating tissue hypoxia and macrophage polarization, leading to improved graft retention. Therefore, compact fat grafting may offer a new clinical strategy without the need for stem cell manipulation.
Contrast of positively charged oxide precipitate in out-lens, in-lens and in-column SE image
Authors: Mikmeková Šárka , Nakamichi Haruo , Nagoshi Masayasu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modern scanning electron microscopes are usually equipped with multiple detectors and enable simultaneous collection of two or even three secondary electron images. The secondary electrons become divided between the detectors in dependence on their initial kinetic energy and emission angle. In this study, sharing of the secondary electrons by out-lens, in-lens and in-column detectors has been systematically investigated. Energy filtering of the signal electrons is demonstrated by separation of the voltage and the topographical contrast in the micrographs obtained by out-lens and in-lens/in-column detectors. The presence of two detectors inside the electron column enables further filtering of the low kinetic energy secondary electrons, which results to unusual contrasts and phenomena. In this paper, inversion of the contrast sign between a positively charged oxide particle and conductive steel matrix (i.e. voltage contrast) in SE images collected under specific imaging conditions is demonstrated.
Information Choice, Uncertainty, and Expected Returns
Authors: Cao Charles , Gempesaw David , Simin Timothy T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigate how information choices affect equity returns and risk. Building on an existing theoretical model of information and investment choice, we estimate a learning index that reflects the expected benefits of learning about an asset. High learning index stocks have lower future returns and risk compared to low learning index stocks. Analysis of a conditional asset pricing model, long-run patterns in returns and volatilities, other measures of information flow, and the information environment surrounding earnings announcements reinforce our interpretation of the learning index. Our findings support the model’s predictions and illustrate a novel empirical measure of investor learning.
Signaling interaction link prediction using deep graph neural networks integrating protein-protein interactions and omics data
Authors: Feng Jiarui , Zeng Amanda , Chen Yixin , Payne Philip , Li Fuhai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUncovering signaling links or cascades among proteins that potentially regulate tumor development and drug response is one of the most critical and challenging tasks in cancer molecular biology. Inhibition of the targets on the core signaling cascades can be effective as novel cancer treatment regimens. However, signaling cascades inference remains an open problem, and there is a lack of effective computational models. The widely used gene co-expression network (no-direct signaling cascades) and shortest-path based protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis (with too many interactions, and did not consider the sparsity of signaling cascades) were not specifically designed to predict the direct and sparse signaling cascades. To resolve the challenges, we proposed a novel deep learning model,deepSignalingLinkNet, to predict signaling cascades by integrating transcriptomics data and copy number data of a large set of cancer samples with the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) via a novel deep graph neural network model. Different from the existing models, the proposed deep learning model was trained using the curated KEGG signaling pathways to identify the informative omics and PPI topology features in the data-driven manner to predict the potential signaling cascades. The validation results indicated the feasibility of signaling cascade prediction using the proposed deep learning models. Moreover, the trained model can potentially predict the signaling cascades among the new proteins by transferring the learned patterns on the curated signaling pathways. The code was available at:https://github.com/fuhaililab/deepSignalingPathwayPrediction.
An efficient lentiviral CRISPRi approach to silence genes in primary human monocytes
Authors: Liu Bingxu , Gentili Matteo , Lieb David , Eisenhaure Thomas , Irvine Darrell J. , Hacohen Nir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman primary monocytes are critical in controlling immune responses and tissue homeostasis. However, to identify and study molecular components that underlie the function of these cells, there remains a need to develop methods to perturb genes in these cells. Here we report lentiviral-based delivery of dCas9-KRAB and guide RNAs to efficiently silent target genes, such asCD45andCD209. We further show that sgRNAs againstTICAM1dampen proinflammatory cytokine and interferon expression in response to lipopolysaccharide. When delivered by lentivirus, sgRNAs are incorporated into the genome, thus enabling pooled screening to perturb and identify coding and non-coding elements that contribute to the functions of primary human monocytes.
Red-beet betalain pigments inhibit amyloid-β aggregation and toxicity in amyloid-β expressingCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Imamura Tomohiro , Koga Hironori , Higashimura Yasuki , Isozumi Noriyoshi , Matsumoto Kenji , Ohki Shinya , Mori Masashi 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBetalain pigments are mainly produced by plants in the order Caryophyllales. Recent interest in the biological functions of betalain pigments has increased with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities reported.RESULTSWe investigated the effects of betalain pigments derived from red-beet on amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, a cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Inhibition of Aβ aggregation against Aβ40 and Aβ42 by betalain pigmentsin vitrowas demonstrated by the Thioflavin T fluorescence assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis and transmission electron microscopic observations. Moreover, we examined the ability of betalain pigments to interfere with Aβ toxicity by using the transgenicCaenorhabditis elegansstrain CL2006, which expresses the human Aβ42 protein intracellularly within the body wall muscle and responds to Aβ-toxicity with paralysis. Treatment with 50 μM betalain pigments significantly delayed the paralysis ofCaenorhabditis elegans.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that betalain pigments reduce Aβ-induced toxicity by inhibiting Aβ aggregation and may lead to their use as inhibitors of Aβ aggregation.
A new Dicistrovirus from soldier flyInopus flavus(James) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), a pest of sugarcane
Authors: Asselin Angelique K. , Etabari Kayvan , Furlong Michael J. , Johnson Karyn N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe native Australian soldier flies,Inopusspp. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), are agricultural pests of economic importance to the sugarcane industry. While adult soldier flies do not feed on sugarcane, larvae spend one to two-years underground feeding on roots, causing mechanical and systemic damage to crops (Saccharum officinarum L.) that impacts yield. Current measures of pest control commonly target above ground pests and are ineffective against solider fly larvae, highlighting the importance of novel control methods. A screen of the salivary gland transcriptome ofInopus flavus(James) revealed the presence of viral RNA belonging to a potentially novel member of theDicistroviridaefamily. Viruses from this family have been found naturally infecting insects from a range of taxonomic groups and they often cause pathogenesis in their hosts. To characterise the genetic and physical properties of the new virus, the positive RNA genome was analysed using a combination of sequencing approaches. The virus genome is organised similarly to members of theDicistroviridaewith two open reading frames (ORF) the first encoding non-structural proteins and the second encoding structural proteins. The genome includes two potential internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES) one within the 5’ UTR and the other in the intergenic region (IGR). Based on the amino acid sequences of the non-structural and structural polyproteins encoded by the two ORF soldier fly virus groups within the dicistrovirus family. Virus particles purified from infected larvae and visualised by electron microscopy are icosahedral, non-enveloped, and 30 nm in diameter. The genetic and physical characteristics of this novel soldier fly virus are consistent with it being a member of theDicistroviridae.
Sustained antibody response to ZIKV infection induced by NS1 protein is accompanied by the progressive appearance of autoreactive antibodies and cross-reactive B cell clones
Authors: Cavazzoni Cecilia B. , Bozza Vicente B. T. , Tostes Lucas , Maia Bruno , Mesin Luka , Schiepers Ariën , Ersching Jonatan , Neris Romulo L.S. , Conde Jonas N. , Coelho Diego R. , Conde Luciana , de Paula Neto Heitor A. , Lima Tulio M. , Alvim Renata G.F. , Castilho Leda R. , Mohana-Borges Ronaldo , Assunção-Miranda Iranaia , Nobrega Alberto , Victora Gabriel D. , Vale Andre M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBesides antigen-specific responses to viral antigens, humoral immune response in virus infection can generate polyreactive and autoreactive antibodies. Dengue and Zika virus infections have been linked to antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders including Guillain-Barrè syndrome. A unique feature of flaviviruses is the secretion of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) by infected cells. NS1 is highly immunogenic and antibodies targeting NS1 can have both protective and pathogenic roles. In the present study, we investigated the humoral immune response to Zika virus NS1 and found NS1 to be an immunodominant viral antigen associated with the presence of autoreactive antibodies. Through single B cell cultures, we coupled binding assays and BCR sequencing, confirming the immunodominance of NS1. Of note, we demonstrate the presence of self-reactive clones in germinal centers after both infection and immunization, some of which clones presenting cross-reactivity with NS1. Sequence analysis of anti-NS1 B cell clones showed sequence features associated with pathogenic autoreactive antibodies. Our findings demonstrate NS1 immunodominance at the cellular level as well as a potential role for NS1 in ZIKV associated autoimmune manifestations.
Experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection of bank voles - general susceptibility but lack of direct transmission
Authors: Ulrich Lorenz , Michelitsch Anna , Halwe Nico , Wernike Kerstin , Hoffmann Donata , Beer Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter experimental inoculation, SARS-CoV-2 infection was proven for bank voles by seroconversion within eight days and detection of viral RNA in nasal tissue for up to 21 days. However, transmission to contact animals was not detected. Therefore, bank voles are unlikely to establish effective SARS-CoV-2 transmission cycles in nature.Article Summary LineBank voles show low-level viral replication and seroconversion upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, but lack transmission to contact animals.
MG53 is not a critical regulator of insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle
Authors: Philouze Clothilde , Turban Sophie , Cremers Béatrice , Caliez Audrey , Lamarche Gwladys , Bernard Catherine , Provost Nicolas , Delerive Philippe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn type 2 diabetes (T2D), both muscle and liver are severely resistant to insulin action. Muscle insulin resistance accounts for more than 80% of the impairment in total body glucose disposal in T2D patients and is often characterized by an impaired insulin signaling. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), a muscle-specific TRIM family protein initially identified as a key regulator of cell membrane repair machinery has been suggested to be a critical regulator of muscle insulin signaling pathway by acting as ubiquitin E3 ligase targeting both the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Here, we show usingin vitroandin vivoapproaches that MG53 is not a critical regulator of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. First, MG53 expression is not consistently regulated in skeletal muscle from various preclinical models of insulin resistance. Second, MG53 gene knock-down in muscle cells does not lead to impaired insulin response as measured by Akt phosphorylation on Serine 473 and glucose uptake. Third, recombinant human MG53 does not alter insulin response in both differentiated C2C12 and human skeletal muscle cells. Fourth, ectopic expression of MG53 in HEK293 cells lacking endogenous MG53 expression fails to alter insulin response as measured by Akt phosphorylation. Finally, both male and female mg53 −/− mice were not resistant to high fat induced obesity and glucose intolerance compared to wild-type mice. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that MG53 is not a critical regulator of insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle.
Retrospective analysis of the use of osteoporosis medication at the presentation of fragility fractures in a predominantly Hispanic population
Authors: Serra-Torres Michael J. , Torres-Reveron Annelyn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the high incidence of osteoporosis, many patients at risk of fragility fractures may not initiate treatment due to concerns about side effects, or cost. We aimed to identify whether the patient population presenting with fragility fractures is receiving prophylactic treatment for osteoporosis within a single academic hospital in the southernmost region of the United States. This region is characterized by a high number of patients from Hispanic/Latino heritage (80%) and reduced access to healthcare services. We conducted a three-year, retrospective cohort study of patients presenting with low impact fractures of the humerus or the shoulder griddle, lower end of radius or ulna and forearm, hip fractures (femoral neck, intertrochanteric/subtrochanteric), the lower end of tibia, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus or lower leg. Male and female subjects of 50 years or older were included. Demographic data and information on medications reported at fracture presentation were extracted from electronic medical records. We found that 42% of the patients were taking at least one medication to prevent osteoporosis. The predominant combination was vitamin D plus calcium and bisphosphonates. If patients taking only vitamin D plus calcium are excluded, 16.7% of the sample took osteoporosis medications at the fragility fracture presentation. The likelihood of taking osteoporosis medication was increased by age and type of health insurance (Medicare/private insurance), and concomitant diagnosis of impaired gait and mobility. The percentage of the patients taking prophylactic medications for osteoporosis at the time of a fragility fracture was comparable to reported national standards and associated with increased age and health insurance coverage. In a predominantly Hispanic/Latino patient population living in a medically underserved region, there is substantial recognition and prevention strategies for osteoporosis.
Cytoplasmic and nuclear Sw-5b NLR act both independently and synergistically to dictate full host defense against tospovirus infection
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Qian Xin , Chen Xiaojiao , Yang Tongqing , Feng Mingfeng , Chen Jing , Cheng Ruixiang , Hong Hao , Zheng Ying , Mei Yuzhen , Shen Danyu , Xu Yi , Zhu Min , Ding Xin Shun , Tao Xiaorong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPlant intracellular nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play critical roles in mediating host immunity to pathogen attack. We use tomato Sw-5b::tospovirus as a model system to study the specific role of the compartmentalized plant NLR in dictating host defense against virus at different infection steps.We demonstrated here that tomato NLR Sw-5b translocates to cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, to play different roles in inducing host resistances againstTomato spotted wilt tospovirus(TSWV) infection. The cytoplasmic Sw-5b functions to induce a strong cell death response to inhibit TSWV replication. This host response is, however, insufficient to block viral intercellular and long-distance movement. The nucleus-localized Sw-5b triggers a host defense that weakly inhibits viral replication but strongly impedes virus intercellular and systemic movement. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic and nuclear Sw-5b act synergistically to dictate full host defense to TSWV infection.We further demonstrated that the extended N-terminalSolanaceaedomain (SD) of Sw-5b plays critical roles in cytoplasm/nucleus partitioning. Sw-5b nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) controls its cytoplasm localization. Strikingly, the SD but not coil-coil (CC) domain is crucial for Sw-5b receptor to translocate from cytoplasm to nucleus to trigger the immunity. The SD was found to interact with importins. Silencing both importin α and β expression disrupted Sw-5b nucleus translocation and host immunity against TSWV systemic infection.Collectively, our findings suggest that Sw-5b bifurcates disease resistances by cytoplasm/nucleus partitioning to block different infection steps of TSWV. The findings also identified a new regulatory role of extra domain of a plant NLR in mediating host innate immunity.
Development of a continuous fluorescence-based assay for N-terminal acetyltransferase D
Authors: Ho Yi-Hsun , Chen Lan , Huang Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractN-terminal acetylation catalyzed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) has various biological functions in protein regulation. N-terminal acetyltransferase D (NatD) is one of the most specific NAT with only histone H4 and H2A proteins as the known substrates. Dysregulation of NatD has been implicated in colorectal and lung cancer progression, implying its therapeutic potential in cancers. However, there is no reported inhibitor for NatD yet. To facilitate the discovery of small-molecule NatD inhibitors, we report the development of a fluorescence-based acetyltransferase assay in 384-well high-throughput screening (HTS) format through monitoring the formation of coenzyme A. The fluorescent signal is generated from the adduct in the reaction between coenzyme A and fluorescent probe ThioGlo4. The assay exhibited a Z’-factor of 0.77 and a coefficient of variation of 6%, indicating it is a robust assay for HTS. A pilot screen of 1280 pharmacologically active compounds and subsequent validation identified two hits, confirming the application of this fluorescence assay in HTS.
Retracing the evolutionary trajectory of adenine base editors using theoretical approaches
Authors: Rallapalli Kartik L. , Ranzau Brodie L. , Ganapathy Kaushik R. , Komor Alexis C. , Paesani Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdenine base editors (ABEs) have been subjected to multiple rounds of mutagenesis with the goal of optimizing their function as efficient and precise genome editing agents. Despite this ever-increasing data accumulation of the effects that these mutations have on the activity of ABEs, the molecular mechanisms defining these changes in activity remain to be elucidated. In this study, we provide a systematic interpretation of the nature of these mutations using an entropy-based classification model that relies on evolutionary data from extant protein sequences. Using this model in conjunction with experimental analyses, we identify two previously reported mutations that form an epistatic pair in the RNA-editing functional landscape of ABEs. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the atomistic details of how these two mutations affect substrate-binding and catalytic activity, via both individual and cooperative effects, hence providing insights into the mechanisms through which these two mutations are epistatically coupled.