bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
South Korea’s nuclear power industry: recovering from scandal
Authors: Andrews-Speed Philip 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
South Korea has one of the world’s more established nuclear power industries with its first commercial reactors being commissioned in 1978. The growth of nuclear power capacity had relied on sustained government support and close coordination with key state-owned enterprises. The tight relationship between politicians, government and companies has resulted in what is colloquially known as the ‘nuclear mafia’. One year after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in Japan, Korea’s nuclear industry suffered its own crises in 2012. The first was a station blackout at the Kori 1 reactor, the country’s oldest, which was not reported for over a month. The second set of revelations concerned systematic malfeasance along the nuclear supply chain involving the falsification of reports of safety tests on nuclear parts and equipment. Revisions to the Nuclear Safety Act gave greater powers to the newly created Nuclear Safety and Security Commission and placed new reporting obligations on all actors along the nuclear supply chain. These measures were supplemented by more general legislation and regulations on public procurement, the conduct of public officials and corruption. Whilst these steps have the potential to improve governance and integrity in the country’s nuclear power industry, some of the underlying causes of the earlier weaknesses remain. As a consequence, the transformation of Korea’s nuclear industry will be a long process.
Azoospermia Secondary to a Novel X-Autosomal Reciprocal Translocation: 46,Y, t(X:16)(p22.1:p11.2)
Authors: Choi Lindsey , Levy Gary , Donlon Timothy , Sterbis Joseph , Pier Bruce 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chromosomal translocations occur in 10 to 15% of men with azoospermia. Thirty distinct X-autosomal balanced reciprocal translocations have been reported in the literature thus far. We present a novel case of azoospermia with a karyotype of 46,Y,t(X:16)(p22.1:p11.2).
A 26-year-old, healthy, active duty male Solider presented with his dependent female partner for primary infertility. Female anatomical and endocrine evaluations were normal. Initial male evaluation revealed azoospermia on multiple semen analyses. Further evaluation with a detailed physical exam and laboratory tests were normal except for an abnormal karyotype with a reciprocal translocation at chromosomes X and 16. An open testicular biopsy demonstrated 75% late spermatid maturation arrest confirming reproductive potential although significantly reduced.
Men who present with azoospermia should undergo a full endocrine and genetic evaluation with a thorough physical evaluation by an urologist. They can have limited but successful reproductive outcomes if spermatozoa can be isolated during testicular biopsy. Given the high risk of producing genetically unbalanced embryos, genetic counseling and preimplantation genetic testing is essential before pursuing assisted reproductive technology. This case is the first X-autosomal balanced reciprocal translocations involving chromosome 16 and highlights the importance of the X chromosome during spermatogenesis.
Being Prepared for the Next Conflict Part II: Case Analysis of a Military Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Wood Thomas T , Roberts Haydn J , Stinner Daniel J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Combat-related injuries have declined substantially in recent years as we have transitioned to a low-volume combat casualty flow era. Surgeons must remain actively committed to training for the next engagement to maintain life and limb-saving skills. Soft tissue coverage procedures were imperative to the management of complex lower extremity trauma that occurred during recent conflicts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate advanced soft tissue coverage procedures performed on the lower extremity over the previous decade on military and civilian trauma patients at a Department of Defense Level 1 trauma center to provide data that can be used to guide future training efforts.

Materials and Methods
The electronic surgical record system was searched for cases that utilized advanced soft tissue coverage (rotational and free flaps) to the lower extremity. The date of treatment, indication, procedure performed, and military/civilian patient designation were recorded. The data was categorized between military and civilian cases, rotational versus free flap, and indication and then charted over time. It was assessed as moving averages over a 12-month period. Statistically distinct periods were then identified.

Results
From January 2006 to March 2015, 132 advanced soft tissue coverage procedures were performed on the lower extremity (100 military, 32 civilian). Military soft tissue coverage data demonstrated peaks in 2007 and late 2011 to late 2012, averaging 6.5 (3.5–9.6) and 4.5 (3.2–5.8) per quarter, respectively. There were two low periods, from 2008 to mid-2010 and from mid-2012 to the end of the study, averaging 1.1 (0.6–1.6) and 1.8 (1.1–2.6) cases per quarter, respectively. Civilian procedures averaged 0.9 per quarter (0.5–1.2) throughout the study, but notably were equal to the number of military procedures by the last quarter of 2013 at 2.0 (1.2–2.8 civilian, 0.8–3.1 military).

Conclusions
This data supports prior identified trends in military cases correlating increased number of procedures with increased combat activity related to the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2007 and 2011, respectively. The data showed relative stability in the numbers of civilian procedures with a slight uptrend beginning in mid-2012. A comparison after mid-2012 shows military procedures declining and civilian procedures increasing to eventually become equivalent at the end of the data collection. These trends follow previously reported data on tibia fracture fixation procedures and lower extremity amputations for the same time periods. These data demonstrate the importance of the civilian trauma mission for maintaining surgical skills relevant to limb salvage, such as rotational and free flaps, during a low-volume combat casualty flow era.
A new spectroscopic analysis of the massive O + O type binary HD 54662 AB
Authors: Barbá R H , Sabín-Sanjulián C , Arias J I , Gamen R C , Morrell N I , Ferrero G , Maíz Apellániz J , Putkuri C , Simón Díaz S , Boyajian T S , Fullerton A W , McSwain M V 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
HD 54662 AB is one of the three O + OB binaries known so far with orbital period longer than 1000 d, offering the opportunity to test scenarios of massive star formation and models of single stellar evolution. Here, we present a detailed study of this system based on new high-resolution spectra and data. A disentangling method is used to recover the individual spectra of the primary and secondary components, which are classified as O6.5 V(n)z and O7.5 Vz, respectively. Combining radial velocity measurements and astrometric data, a new absolute orbit with a period of 2113 ± 9 d and an eccentricity of 0.062 ± 0.008 is determined, confirming previous findings. However, absolute masses of 23.8 ± 1.1 M⊙ for the primary and 20.3 ± 1.1 M⊙ for the secondary are obtained, differing from previous determinations but in reasonable agreement with the spectral types of the stars. Primary and secondary components show remarkably different projected rotational velocities (160 and ≲40 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$ , respectively), which is probably related to the formation process of the binary. Contrary to previously interpretations, the star with broader spectral features is the most massive object in the system. Stellar and wind parameters of both stars are derived through quantitative spectroscopic analysis of the disentangled spectra using fastwind models, and they are consistent with the current calibrations for O-type stars. Evolutionary masses and ages are also computed with the bonnsai tool. Ages below 2.5 Ma are obtained, in agreement with the youth expected from their Vz nature.
Pulsing and non-pulsing ULXs: the iceberg emerges
Authors: King Andrew , Lasota Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We show that ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with coherent X-ray pulsing (PULXs) probably have neutron-star spin axes significantly misaligned from their central accretion discs. Scattering in the funnels collimating their emission and producing their apparent super-Eddington luminosities is the most likely origin of the observed correlation between pulse fraction and X-ray photon energy. Pulsing is suppressed in systems with the neutron-star spin closely aligned to the inner disc, explaining why some ULXs show cyclotron features indicating strong magnetic fields, but do not pulse. We suggest that alignment (or conceivably, field suppression through accretion) generally occurs within a fairly short fraction of the ULX lifetime, so that most neutron-star ULXs become unpulsed. As a result we further suggest that almost all ULXs actually have neutron-star accretors, rather than black holes or white dwarfs, reflecting their progenitor high-mass X-ray binary and supersoft X-ray source populations.
NIHAO – XXIII. Dark matter density shaped by black hole feedback
Authors: Macciò Andrea V , Crespi Samuele , Blank Marvin , Kang Xi 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic analysis of the reaction of dark matter distribution to galaxy formation across more than eight orders of magnitude in stellar mass. We extend the previous work presented in the NIHAO-IV paper by adding 46 new high-resolution simulations of massive galaxies performed with the inclusion of black hole feedback. We show that outflows generated by the active galactic nucleus (AGN) are able to partially counteract the dark matter contraction due to the large central stellar component in massive haloes. The net effect is to relax the central dark matter distribution that moves to a less cuspy density profiles at halo mass larger than ≈3 × 1012 M⊙. The scatter around the mean value of the density profile slope (α) is fairly constant (Δα ≈ 0.3), with the exception of galaxies with halo masses around 1012 M⊙, at the transition from stellar to AGN feedback dominated systems, where the scatter increases by almost a factor of 3. We provide useful fitting formulae for the slope of the dark matter density profiles at few per cent of the virial radius for the whole stellar mass range: 105–1012 M⊙ (2 × 109 to 5 × 1013 M⊙ in halo mass).
Release of promoter–proximal paused Pol II in response to histone deacetylase inhibition
Authors: Vaid Roshan , Wen Jiayu , Mannervik Mattias 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A correlation between histone acetylation and transcription has been noted for a long time, but little is known about what step(s) in the transcription cycle is influenced by acetylation. We have examined the immediate transcriptional response to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition, and find that release of promoter–proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) into elongation is stimulated, whereas initiation is not. Although histone acetylation is elevated globally by HDAC inhibition, less than 100 genes respond within 10 min. These genes are highly paused, are strongly associated with the chromatin regulators NURF and Trithorax, display a greater increase in acetylation of the first nucleosomes than other genes, and become transcriptionally activated by HDAC inhibition. Among these rapidly up-regulated genes are HDAC1 (Rpd3) and subunits of HDAC-containing co-repressor complexes, demonstrating feedback regulation upon HDAC inhibition. Our results suggest that histone acetylation stimulates transcription of paused genes by release of Pol II into elongation, and that increased acetylation is not a consequence of their enhanced expression. We propose that HDACs are major regulators of Pol II pausing and that this partly explains the presence of HDACs at active genes.
Enabling large-scale genome editing at repetitive elements by reducing DNA nicking
Authors: Smith Cory J , Castanon Oscar , Said Khaled , Volf Verena , Khoshakhlagh Parastoo , Hornick Amanda , Ferreira Raphael , Wu Chun-Ting , Güell Marc , Garg Shilpa , Ng Alex H M , Myllykallio Hannu , Church George M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo extend the frontier of genome editing and enable editing of repetitive elements of mammalian genomes, we made use of a set of dead-Cas9 base editor (dBE) variants that allow editing at tens of thousands of loci per cell by overcoming the cell death associated with DNA double-strand breaks and single-strand breaks. We used a set of gRNAs targeting repetitive elements—ranging in target copy number from about 32 to 161 000 per cell. dBEs enabled survival after large-scale base editing, allowing targeted mutations at up to ∼13 200 and ∼12 200 loci in 293T and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), respectively, three orders of magnitude greater than previously recorded. These dBEs can overcome current on-target mutation and toxicity barriers that prevent cell survival after large-scale genome engineering.
TREND: a platform for exploring protein function in prokaryotes based on phylogenetic, domain architecture and gene neighborhood analyses
Authors: Gumerov Vadim M , Zhulin Igor B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Key steps in a computational study of protein function involve analysis of (i) relationships between homologous proteins, (ii) protein domain architecture and (iii) gene neighborhoods the corresponding proteins are encoded in. Each of these steps requires a separate computational task and sets of tools. Currently in order to relate protein features and gene neighborhoods information to phylogeny, researchers need to prepare all the necessary data and combine them by hand, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Here, we present a new platform, TREND (tree-based exploration of neighborhoods and domains), which can perform all the necessary steps in automated fashion and put the derived information into phylogenomic context, thus making evolutionary based protein function analysis more efficient. A rich set of adjustable components allows a user to run the computational steps specific to his task. TREND is freely available at http://trend.zhulinlab.org.
A proteinase-free DNA replication machinery for in vitro and in vivo amplified MicroRNA imaging
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Huimin , Gong Xue , Wang Qing , Wang Hong , Zhou Yangjie , Wang Fuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The construction of robust, modular and compact DNA machinery facilitates us to build more intelligent and ingenious sensing strategies in complex biological systems. However, the performance of conventional DNA amplifiers is always impeded by their limited in-depth amplifications and miscellaneously enzymatic requirements. Here, a proteinase-free reciprocal DNA replication machinery is developed by exploiting the synergistic cross-activation between hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DNAzyme. The DNAzyme provides an efficient way to simplify the sophisticated design of HCR machinery and simultaneously to promote the amplification capacity. And the HCR-assembled tandem DNAzyme nanowires produce numerous new triggers for reversely stimulating HCR amplifier as systematically explored by experiments and computer-aided simulations. The reciprocal amplifier can be executed as a versatile and powerful sensing platform for analyzing miRNA in living cells and even in mice, originating from the inherent reaction accelerations and multiple-guaranteed recognitions. The reciprocal catalytic DNA machine holds great potential in clinical diagnosis and assessment.
Long-term clinically relevant rodent model of methotrexate-induced cognitive impairment
Authors: Berlin Connor , Lange Katharine , Lekaye H Carl , Hopland Kelsey , Phillips Samantha , Piao Jinghua , Tabar Viviane 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
With the enhanced use of chemotherapy and the advent of increased patient survival rates, there are an increasing number of cancer survivors living with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. A growing number of clinical studies have brought to light the association of agents like methotrexate in generating these neurological sequelae, although mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
Here, we use a clinically relevant regimen of several cycles of methotrexate and leucovorin rescue to develop a model of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment, and investigate the in vivo long-term (16 mo) impact of high-dose systemic methotrexate on white matter cellular dynamics as assessed by stereology, animal behavior, and diffusion tensor imaging.

Results
Our results indicate that at 6 and 16 months post-chemotherapy, methotrexate-treated rats exhibit a significant and permanent decrease in the number of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors in the white matter, in corpus callosum volumes, and myelin basic protein. These findings are associated with mostly delayed deficits in performance on Morris Water Maze and Novel Object Recognition tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging demonstrates significantly decreased fractional anisotropy values in the callosum genu, body, and splenium, as well as previously unassessed areas like the fimbria. Interestingly, these white matter changes are preceded by an earlier, transient decrement in white matter microglia at 3 months, and hippocampal neural progenitors at 3 and 6 months.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate a significant negative impact of methotrexate on the oligodendrocyte compartment and white matter, associated with cognitive impairment. The data also support the use of diffusion tensor imaging in monitoring white matter integrity in this context.
Large-scale mortality gap between SLE and control population is associated with increased infection-related mortality in lupus
Authors: Kedves Melinda , Kósa Fruzsina , Kunovszki Péter , Takács Péter , Szabó Melinda Zsuzsanna , Karyekar Chetan , Lofland Jennifer H , Nagy György 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to analyse the incidence, prevalence, mortality and cause of death data of adult SLE patients and matched controls in a full-populational, nationwide, retrospective study.MethodsThis non-interventional study was based on database research of the National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary. A total of 7888 patients were included in the analyses, within which two subgroups of incident patients were created: the ‘All incident SLE patients’ group consisted of all incident SLE patients (4503 patients), while the ‘Treated SLE patients’ group contained those who received relevant therapy in the first 6 months after diagnosis (2582 patients).ResultsThe median age of the SLE population was found to be 46.5 years (women 85%). The incidence rate was 4.86 and 2.78 per 100 000 inhabitants in the ‘All incident SLE patients’ and ‘Treated SLE patients’ groups, respectively. The standardized mortality ratio was 1.63 and 2.09 in the ‘All incident SLE patients’ and ‘Treated SLE patients’ groups, respectively. Overall survival was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) in both groups than in the general population, with hazard ratio = 2.17 in the ‘All incident SLE patients’ group and hazard ratio = 2.75 in the ‘Treated SLE patients’ group. There was no significant difference between SLE and control deaths regarding cerebrovascular conditions as the cause of death. Generally, cancer-related deaths were less common, while haematological cancer and infection-related deaths were more common in SLE patients.ConclusionInfections, especially sepsis, had the largest positive effect on top of the extra mortality of SLE. This highlights that SLE patients are at increased risk of infection-related death.
Inflammation, reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia and PTSD in trauma-exposed women
Authors: Mehta Neeti D , Stevens Jennifer S , Li Zhihao , Gillespie Charles F , Fani Negar , Michopoulos Vasiliki , Felger Jennifer C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Trauma exposure is associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers (e.g. C-reactive protein [CRP] and cytokines), and inflammation has been shown to impact corticostriatal reward circuitry and increase anhedonia-related symptoms. We examined resting-state functional MRI in a high-trauma inner-city population of African-American women (n = 56), who reported on average five different types of trauma exposures, to investigate whether inflammation correlated with functional connectivity (FC) in corticostriatal reward circuitry in association with symptoms of anhedonia and PTSD. Plasma CRP negatively correlated with bilateral ventral striatum (VS) to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) FC (P &lt; 0.01). In participants where plasma was available to also measure cytokines and their soluble receptors, left (L)VS-vmPFC FC negatively correlated with an inflammatory composite score (previously shown to be increased in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients with high CRP) only in women with significant PTSD symptoms (n = 14; r = −0.582, P = 0.029) and those who experienced moderate–severe childhood trauma (r = −0.595, P = 0.009). Exploratory analyses indicated that LVS-vmPFC FC correlated with anhedonia-related subscales from the Beck Depression Inventory (r = −0.691, P = 0.004) and PTSD Symptom Scale (avoidance/numbness; r = −0.514, P = 0.042) in participants with an inflammatory score over the median (n = 16). Results suggest that inflammation contributes to compromised reward circuitry and symptoms of anhedonia and PTSD in trauma-exposed women.
Exercising before a nap benefits memory better than napping or exercising alone
Authors: Mograss Melodee , Crosetta Monica , Abi-Jaoude Joanne , Frolova Elizaveta , Robertson Edwin M , Pepin Veronique , Dang-Vu Thien Thanh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSleep leads to the enhancement of memory, and physical exercise also improves memory along with beneficial effects on sleep quality. Potentially, sleep and exercise may operate independently upon memory; alternatively, they may operate synergistically to boost memory above and beyond exercise or sleep alone. We tested this hypothesis in 115 young healthy adults (23 ± 3.9 years) randomly allocated to one of the four conditions in a 2 (exercise vs. no exercise) × 2 (nap vs. no nap) design. The exercise intervention consisted of a 40-minute, moderate intensity cycling, while the no exercise condition was an equivalent period of rest. This was followed by a learning session in which participants memorized a set of 45 neutral pictures for a later test. Subsequently, participants were exposed to either a 60-minute sleep period (nap) or an equivalent time of resting wakefulness, followed by a visual recognition test. We found a significant interaction between the effects of exercise and nap (p = 0.014, η p2 = 0.053), without significant main effects of exercise or nap conditions. Participants who experienced both exercise plus nap were significantly more accurate (83.8 ± 2.9) than those who only napped (81.1 ± 5.4, p = 0.027) and those who only exercised (78.6 ± 10.3, p = 0.012). Within the combined nap plus exercise group, higher recognition accuracies were associated with higher sleep spindle densities (r = 0.46, p = 0.015). Our results demonstrate that short-term exercise and a nap improve recognition memory over a nap or exercise alone. Exercise and sleep are not independent factors operating separately upon memory but work together to enhance long-term memory.