bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic carbon decomposition rates with depth and contribution of inorganic carbon to CO2emissions under a Mediterranean agroforestry system
Authors: Cardinael Rémi , Chevallier Tiphaine , Guenet Bertrand , Girardin Cyril , Cozzi Thomas , Pouteau Valérie , Chenu Claire 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAgroforestry systems have been much studied for their potential to store soil organic carbon (SOC). However, few data are available on their specific impact on potential SOC mineralization, especially at depth in subsoils. Moreover, many soils of the world, especially in arid and semiarid environments, also contain large stocks of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) as carbonates. Consequently, the organic carbon dynamics have been poorly investigated in these soils due to the complexity of measurements and of the processes involved. To assess mineralization rates of SOC with depth, we incubated soil samples from an 18‐year‐old agroforestry system (both tree row and alley) and an adjacent agricultural plot established on a calcareous soil in France. Soil samples were taken at four different depths: 0–10, 10–30, 70–100 and 160–180 cm. Total CO2emissions, the isotopic composition (δ13C, ‰) of the CO2and microbial biomass were measured. The SIC concentrations ranged from 48 to 63 g C kg−1soil and the SOC concentrations ranged from 4 to 17 g C kg−1soil. The contribution of SIC‐derived CO2represented about 20% in the topsoil and 60% in the subsoil of the total soil CO2emissions. The microbial biomass and the SOC‐derived CO2emissions were larger in the topsoil, but the decomposition rates (day−1) remained stable with depth, suggesting that only the size of the labile carbon pool was modified with depth. Subsoil organic carbon seems to be as prone to decomposition as surface organic carbon. No difference in CO2emissions was found between the agroforestry and the control plot, except in the tree row at 0–10 cm. Our results suggest that the measurement of soil respiration in calcareous soils could be overestimated if the isotopic signature of the CO2is not taken into account. It also advocates more in‐depth studies on carbonate dissolution–precipitation processes and their impact on CO2emissions.HighlightsWe measured SOC mineralization and inorganic carbon contribution to CO2emissions in agroforestrySubsoil organic carbon was as prone to decomposition as surface organic carbonInorganic carbon contribution to CO2emissions ranged from 20 to 60% depending on soil depthMeasurement of soil respiration in calcareous soils could be overestimated
Short‐term growth response of jack pine and spruce spp. to wood ash amendment across Canada
Authors: Emilson Caroline E. , Bélanger Nicolas , Brais Suzanne , Chisholm Colin E. , Diochon Amanda , Joseph Ruth , Markham John , Morris Dave , Van Rees Ken , Rutherford Michael , Venier Lisa A. , Hazlett Paul W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWood ash amendment to forest soils contributes to the sustainability of the growing bioenergy industry, not only through decreased wood ash waste disposal in landfills but also by increasing soil/site productivity and tree growth. However, tree growth studies to date have reported variable responses to wood ash, highlighting the need to identify proper application rates under various soil/site conditions to maximize their benefits. We explored the influence of tree species, wood ash nutrient application rates, time since application, stand development stage, and initial (i.e., before wood ash application) soil pH and N on short‐term tree growth response to wood ash amendment across eight unique study sites spanning five Canadian Provinces. Jack pine (Pinus banksianaLamb) had the most positive response to wood ash amendment compared to white (Picea glaucaMoench), hybrid (Picea engelmanniixglaucaParry), and black spruce (Picea marianaMiller), where increasing nutrient application rates increased height growth response. In comparison, black spruce had the most negative response to wood ash amendment, where increasing nutrient application rates slightly decreased height growth response. Site as a random effect explained additional variation, highlighting the importance of other unidentified site characteristics. By examining trends in short‐term growth response across multiple studies with variable site characteristics, we found growth response differed by tree species and nutrient application rates, and that jack pine is a promising candidate for wood ash amendment. These results contribute to our knowledge of optimal wood ash amendment practices and environmentally sustainable bioenergy production.
Activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma with aggressive phenotypes
Authors: Minagawa Takuya , Yamazaki Ken , Masugi Yohei , Tsujikawa Hanako , Ojima Hidenori , Hibi Taizo , Abe Yuta , Yagi Hiroshi , Kitago Minoru , Shinoda Masahiro , Itano Osamu , Kitagawa Yuko , Sakamoto Michiie 
Published: November 2019

AimSorafenib inhibits multiple kinase signaling pathways, including the rat sarcoma virus (Ras)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (Raf)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, and is a promising therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of ERK activation in HCC remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the potential link between ERK activation and aggressive HCC phenotypes.MethodsWe evaluated nuclear ERK expression by immunohistochemistry in 154 resected HCC nodules from 136 patients. We then investigated the associations of ERK expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC, c‐MET expression, and the molecular subclass biomarkers Ki‐67, keratin 19 (KRT19, CK19, or K19), and sal‐like protein 4. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was carried out to determine independent prognostic factors for overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. The effects of ERK activation by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on eight HCC cell lines were further examined.ResultsHigh‐level nuclear expression of ERK was observed in 20 (13%) of 154 nodules and was significantly associated with higher serum alpha‐fetoprotein levels (P = 0.034), poorer differentiation (P = 0.003), a higher Ki‐67 index (P < 0.001), high‐level expression of c‐MET (P = 0.008), KRT19 (P = 0.002), or sal‐like protein 4 (P < 0.001), and shorter overall survival (multivariate hazard ratio 3.448; P = 0.028) and recurrence‐free survival (multivariate hazard ratio 2.755; P = 0.004). HCC cells treated with hepatocyte growth factor showed enhanced cell proliferation together with ERK activation and upregulated KRT19 expression, both of which were inhibited by sorafenib.ConclusionsHigh‐level ERK activation is associated with a KRT19‐positive highly proliferative subtype of HCC with a dismal prognosis. These findings support the key role of the hepatocyte growth factor/c‐MET/ERK axis in HCC progression.
Fresh Expressions of Church and the Mixed Economy
Authors: Müller Sabrina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe term “fresh expressions of church” has been used since 2004 in the Church of England to refer to small contextual churches that start alongside but aim to be different to parish churches. What is characteristic of a fresh expression of church is not its newness, but its ability to pass on and contextualize inherited theology, ecclesiology, tradition, and spiritual experience. The ecclesiology of fresh expressions of church can be summarized as a dialogical‐relational ecclesiology that is focused on a theological centre.There may be around 2,100 of them in the Church of England, both urban and rural. During the past 15 years, the self‐understanding of the Church of England, a traditional state church with its parish structure, has changed. The mother church of the Anglican World Communion claims since 2008 to be a mixed‐economy church: one that supports and recognizes innovative ecclesial spaces (fresh expressions of church) as church, as well as parish churches. It is the goal to have an innovative diversity of churches in a pluralistic society. At the same time, these churches should be recognizable and contextual. It is the concept of the mixed economy that manages a fair cooperation between parochial and fresh expressions of church. In the meantime, the concept of mixed economy is received not only in the UK, but in different national and free churches in continental Europe, the US, South Africa, Canada, and Australia. Lately, the concept has been taken up by the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe (CPCE).
Irisin reverses intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction during intestinal injury via binding to the integrin αVβ5 receptor
Authors: Bi Jianbin , Zhang Jia , Ren Yifan , Du Zhaoqing , Li Teng , Wang Tao , Zhang Lin , Wang Mengzhou , Wu Zheng , Lv Yi , Wu Rongqian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDisruption of the gut barrier results in severe clinical outcomes with no specific treatment. Metabolic disorders and destruction of enterocytes play key roles in gut barrier dysfunction. Irisin is a newly identified exercise hormone that regulates energy metabolism. However, the effect of irisin on gut barrier function remains unknown. The therapeutic effect of irisin on gut barrier dysfunction was evaluated in gut ischemia reperfusion (IR). The direct effect of irisin on gut barrier function was studied in Caco‐2 cells. Here, we discovered that serum and gut irisin levels were decreased during gut IR and that treatment with exogenous irisin restored gut barrier function after gut IR in mice. Meanwhile, irisin decreased oxidative stress, calcium influx and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after gut IR. Moreover, irisin protected mitochondrial function and reduced enterocyte apoptosis. The neutralizing antibody against irisin significantly aggravated gut injury, oxidative stress and enterocyte apoptosis after gut IR. Further studies revealed that irisin activated the AMPK‐UCP 2 pathway via binding to the integrin αVβ5 receptor. Inhibition of integrin αVβ5, AMPK or UCP 2 abolished the protective role of irisin in gut barrier function. In conclusion, exogenous irisin restores gut barrier function after gut IR via the integrin αVβ5‐AMPK‐UCP 2 pathway.
Fracture Toughness, Flexural Strength, and Flexural Modulus of New CAD/CAM Resin Composite Blocks
Authors: Lucsanszky Iben J.R. , Ruse N. Dorin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine and compare the fracture toughness, flexural strength and flexural modulus of four new, commercially available CAD/CAM resin composite blocks and one new CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic block, tested under dry and aged conditions.Materials and MethodsThree dispersed‐fillers resin composite blocks, CERASMART, KZR‐CAD‐HR2, and CAMouflage NOW, one polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network resin composite block, Enamic, along with Obsidian, a lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic block, were characterized. Fracture toughness was determined through the notchless triangular prism specimen test, while flexural strength and flexural modulus were determined by three‐point bend testing. Blocks were cut and ground to obtain (6 × 6 × 6 × 12) mm prisms and 10:1 span‐to‐thickness ratio bars (n = 25/group); half of the resin composite specimens were aged in 37°C distilled water for 30 days before testing. Fractured surfaces were characterized using a scanning electron microscope. Results were analyzed using Weibull statistics and two‐way ANOVA, followed by Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsWith regards to fracture toughness, KZR stood out among resin composites with a dry value of 1.37 MPa·m1/2; this was significantly affected by ageing, while the fracture toughness of the other dispersed‐fillers resin composite blocks was not. Obsidian had the highest fracture toughness at 1.47 MPa·m1/2. With regards to flexural strength, Obsidian > CERASMART = KZR > CAMouflage > Enamic. The flexural strength of the resin composites was lowered by ageing. Enamic was found to have the highest flexural modulus among the resin composites (33.02 GPa), but its value was significantly lower than that of Obsidian (76.46 GPa); flexural modulus was not affected by ageing.ConclusionThere was a significant difference in flexural strength between the materials, but not unanimously in flexural modulus and fracture toughness. The tested resin composite block materials had inferior flexural strength, flexural modulus and fracture toughness compared with the tested lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic block (Obsidian). Enamic, the polymer infiltrated ceramic network material, had a significantly higher flexural modulus than the dispersed‐fillers materials. Ageing had a deleterious impact on the flexural strength of all RCB, while its effect on the flexural modulus was insignificant. The selection of any restorative material requires a thorough analysis of its advantages and limitations to inform the clinical decision in a case‐by‐case approach.
Evaluation of posaconazole plasma concentrations achieved with the delayed‐release tablets in Korean high‐risk patients with haematologic malignancy
Authors: Chae Hyojin , Cho Sung‐Yeon , Yi Yunmi , Lee Jeong Joong , Cha Kyoungho , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Je , Lee Dong‐Gun 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundPosaconazole (PCZ) is a triazole approved for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections.ObjectivesHerein, the impact of clinical variables on PCZ plasma concentrations (PPCs) attained with PCZ delayed‐release tablet (DRT) was investigated and compared with a historical cohort treated with PCZ oral suspension (OS).Patients/MethodsSteady‐state PCZ PPCs in 513 patients with haematologic malignancy treated with PCZ‐DRT were assessed and impact of variables were analysed. Also, a comparison with matched historical cohort treated with PCZ‐OS was made.ResultsThe median PPC in the PCZ‐DRT group was 1,308.9 ng/mL (range: 29.8‐10 455.9). Use of proton pump inhibitor (1181 vs 1344 ng/mL, P = .0337) in the AML/myelodysplastic syndrome remission induction group, diarrhoea (867 vs 1543 ng/mL, P = .0325) and gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease (870 vs 1713 ng/mL, P = .0178) in the HSCT group were associated with lower PPCs. There was lack of evidence that hepatotoxicity was related with PCZ‐DRT. Higher prevalence of UGT1A4*3 allele (33.0%) was noted compared to allele frequency in Koreans in those with PPCs < 500 mg/mL. The median PPC in the PCZ‐DRT group was significantly higher than that in the PCZ‐OS group (1308.9 vs 713.0 ng/mL, P < .0001). Significantly less patients had PPCs < 700 ng/mL in the PCZ‐DRT group compared to the PCZ‐OS group (18.7% vs 48.0%, P < .0001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that PCZ‐DRT has enhanced absorption and bioavailability than PCZ‐OS in real‐world clinical settings. In addition, specific factors associated with lower PPCs should prompt consideration of therapeutic drug monitoring in patients treated with PCZ‐DRT.
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in the pediatric patients: A single‐center experience
Authors: Wu Jinjin , Chen Yiwei , Ji Wei , Gu Beiyin , Shen Jie , Fu Lijun , Li Fen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundVentricular tachycardia (VT) with or without structural heart disease is uncommon but well‐recognized clinically in children. With this retrospective study, we collected the data from the in‐hospital pediatric patients of VT with catheter ablation therapy. The purpose of this study is to assess the acute results and the long‐term outcome of catheter ablation in pediatric patients of VT in our single pediatric center.MethodsThis study included 53 consecutive children (male/female = 33/20, mean age = 8.2 ± 3.4 years, mean bodyweight = 32.6 ± 13.7 kg). All patients underwent electrophysiological study with an attempt of catheter ablation for clinical monomorphic VT. Acute and long‐term success rate of catheter ablation for the treatment of VT were compared between right and left VT as well as fascicular VT (FVT) and nonfascicular VT.ResultsThere were 53 idiopathic VT forms found in the children, including FVT (n = 32), outflow tract VT (n = 15), papillary muscle VT (n = 5), and bundle branch reentry VT (n = 1). Acute success of catheter ablations for VT was achieved in 57 of all the 59 ablation procedures (97%) with VT recurrence occurred in six of 53 patients (11%). During a mean follow‐up period of 29.2 ± 21.7 months (range 1‐76 months) after hospital discharge, ablations in nonfascicular VT were as successful as FVT. There was no significant difference in the success rate between the right and left VT.ConclusionCatheter ablation is an effective treatment for idiopathic VT in children. The acute and long‐term success rates of catheter ablation for idiopathic VT in pediatric patients with normal heart structure are satisfying.
High night temperature induced changes in grain starch metabolism alters starch, protein, and lipid accumulation in winter wheat
Authors: Impa Somayanda M. , Vennapusa Amaranatha R. , Bheemanahalli Raju , Sabela David , Boyle Dan , Walia Harkamal , Jagadish S.V. Krishna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnlike sporadic daytime heat spikes, a consistent increase in night‐time temperatures can potentially derail the genetic gains being achieved. Ten winter wheat genotypes were exposed to six different night‐time temperatures (15–27°C) during flowering and grain‐filling stages in controlled environment chambers. We identified the night‐time temperature of 23oC as the critical threshold beyond which a consistent decline in yields and quality was observed. Confocal laser scanning micrographs of central endosperm, bran, and germ tissue displayed differential accumulation of protein, lipid, and starch with increasing night‐time temperatures. KS07077M‐1 recorded a decrease in starch and an increase in protein and lipid in central endosperm with increasing night‐time temperatures, whereas the same was significantly lower in the tolerant SY Monument. Expression analysis of genes encoding 21 enzymes (including isoforms) involved in grain–starch metabolism in developing grains revealed a high night‐time temperature (HNT)‐induced reduction in transcript levels of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit involved in starch synthesis and a ≥2‐fold increase in starch degrading enzymes isoamylase III, alpha‐, and beta‐amylase. The identified critical threshold, grain compositional changes, and the key enzymes in grain starch metabolism that lead to poor starch accumulation in grains establish the foundational knowledge for enhancing HNT tolerance in wheat.
Simulation of IAEA Reactivity Initiated Transient Benchmarks Using Reactor Dynamics Code “REDAC”
Authors: Kale Vivek A. , K. Obaidurrahman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the analysis of reactivity initiated transients in an idealized, light water research reactor as a part of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safety related benchmark. The simulation model is based on point reactor kinetics coupled with one-dimensional (1D), two-channel model for thermal hydraulics. The point kinetics equations (PKEs) have been solved using an implicit Runge–Kutta (RK) method and the coolant transport equations have been solved using implicit finite difference formulation. Accuracy of the implemented models and methods has been demonstrated. Important safety parameters like peak power, peak fuel, and coolant temperatures have been predicted for a series of transients. Intercode comparison shows that the predictions of the present simulations are in good agreement with other codes. This approach provides a time efficient solution for safety analysis of reactors with tightly coupled core where point kinetics can be applied. To address the sensitivity of predictions with respect to important input parameters, simulations have been carried out with different sets of inputs reported in the literature. They indicate that predictions for fast transients are spread over a wider range compared to slow transients. For a given transient, predictions of peak power have a wider spread, while peak temperatures are relatively less sensitive to neutronic inputs. Also, for fast transients, prompt neutron generation time and delayed neutron fraction have dominant influence on the evolution of power. For slow transients, the reactivity feedback effects are equally important.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux Model for Third-Grade Power-Law Fluid
Authors: Sharma Bhuvnesh , Kumar Sunil , Cattani Carlo , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A rigorous analysis of coupled nonlinear equations for third-grade viscoelastic power-law non-Newtonian fluid is presented. Initially, the governing partial differential equations for conservation of energy and momentum are transformed to nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations using exact similarity transformations which are known as Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model for third-grade power-law fluid. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is utilized to approximate the systematic solutions more precisely with shear-thickening, moderately shear-thinning, and most shear-thinning fluids. The solution depends on various parameters including Prandtl number, power index, and temperature variation coefficient. A systematic analysis of boundary-layer flow demonstrates the impact of these parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles.
Relationship between general practice capitation funding and the quality of primary care in England: a cross-sectional, 3-year study
Authors: L’Esperance Veline , Gravelle Hugh , Schofield Peter , Santos Rita , Ashworth Mark 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between general practice capitation funding and quality ratings based on general practice inspections.DesignCross-sectional study pooling 3 years of primary care administrative data.SettingUK primary care.Participants7310 practices (95% of all practices) in England which underwent Care Quality Commission (CQC) inspections between November 2014 and December 2017.Main outcome measuresCQC ratings. Ordered logistic regression methods were used to predict the relationship between practice capitation funding and CQC ratings in each of five domains of quality: caring, effective, responsive, safe and well led, together with an overall practice rating.ResultsHigher capitation funding per patient was significantly associated with higher CQC ratings across all five quality domains: caring (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.23), effective (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16), responsive (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17), safe (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.18), well led (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.20) and overall rating (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19).ConclusionHigher capitation funding was consistently associated with higher ratings across all CQC domains and in the overall practice rating. This study suggests that measured dimensions of the quality of care are related to the underlying capitation funding allocated to each general practice, implying that additional capitation funding may be associated with higher levels of primary care quality.