bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S1‐Leitlinie Tinea capitis
Authors: Mayser Peter , Nenoff Pietro , Reinel Dieter , Abeck Dietrich , Brasch Jochen , Daeschlein Georg , Effendy Isaak , Ginter‐Hanselmayer Gabriele , Gräser Yvonne , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Höger Peter , Kolb‐Mäurer Annette , Ott Hagen , Schaller Martin , Zidane Miriam 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Tinea capitis ist eine durch Dermatophyten hervorgerufene, vor allem im Kindesalter auftretende Mykose der behaarten Kopfhaut. Die Diagnostik erfolgt mittels mikroskopischer, kultureller und/oder molekularer Methoden. Die Therapie sollte systemisch und begleitend topisch erfolgen und ist abhängig von dem jeweiligen Erreger. Das Ziel des Updates dieser interdisziplinären deutschen S1‐Leitlinie ist es, vor allem Dermatologen, Kinderärzten und Allgemeinmedizinern eine Entscheidungshilfe für die Auswahl sowie Durchführung einer geeigneten und suffizienten Diagnostik und Therapie für Patienten mit Tinea capitis zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Leitlinie wurde unter Berücksichtigung aktueller internationaler Leitlinien, insbesondere der Leitlinien der European Society for Pediatric Dermatology 2010 sowie der British Association of Dermatologists 2014 und den Ergebnissen einer Literaturrecherche durch die Leitlinienkommission erstellt. Diese Kommission ist multidisziplinär und besteht aus Vertretern der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG), der Deutschsprachigen Mykologischen Gesellschaft (DMykG), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (DGHM), der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder‐ und Jugendmedizin e.V. (DGKJ) und der deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie (DGPI). Methodisch wurde die Leitliniengruppe durch die Division of Evidence‐based Medicine (dEBM) begleitet. Die Leitlinie wurde nach einem umfangreichen internen und externen Review durch die beteiligten Fachgesellschaften freigegeben.
Trends in pregnancy outcomes for women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Sweden 1998–2012: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hildén K. , Magnuson A. , Hanson U. , Simmons D. , Fadl H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo assess whether incidence of maternal and neonatal outcomes for women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have changed over time.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study in Sweden including all singleton pregnancies over the period 1998–2012. GDM was diagnosed following Diabetic Pregnancy Study Group 1991 criteria. Poisson regression or negative binomial regression was used to model yearly relative change in numbers of cases and incidence of the outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and yearly absolute change in birthweight z‐score.ResultsThe study included 1 455 667 pregnancies. The number of pregnancies increased over time and the overall prevalence of GDM was 1%. For women with GDM there was a significantly decreasing trend in incidence per year for large for gestational age (LGA) (0.986, 95% CI 0.975 to 0.996), birthweight z‐score (−0.012, 95% CI −0.017 to −0.007) and birth trauma (0.937, 95% CI 0.907 to 0.968). The trend for small for gestational age (SGA) among women with GDM increased by an odds ratio per year (1.016, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.029). No significant interaction tests for maternal characteristics were found. Trends in outcomes for women without diabetes were similar to those for women with GDM.ConclusionsThis study shows that there were improvements in pregnancy outcomes for women with GDM between 1998 and 2012, although the incidence of SGA increased. Improvements followed similar trends in the background population. Inequalities in obstetric outcomes between women with GDM and those without have continued unchanged over 15 years, suggesting that new management strategies are required to reduce this gap.
To impute or not to impute, and how? A review of poverty‐estimation methods in the absence of consumption data
Authors: Dang Hai‐Anh H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivationA major challenge with poverty measurement is that household consumption (or income) data are often unavailable or not comparable across survey rounds. Furthermore, panel data are even rarer, thus making it difficult—if not impossible—to track the dynamics of these households’ movements into or out of poverty in different periods.PurposeWe review imputation methods that have been employed to provide poverty estimates in such data‐scarce contexts. We provide a concise and introductory synthesis, which focuses on intuition and nuanced practical insights rather than technical details.Approach and methodsWe start first with each method’s motivation, a brief description, some recent application examples, and the remaining challenges. This format offers a self‐contained treatment and facilitates comparison between the various methods and highlight their nuanced differences.FindingsThe growing demand for more frequent and accurate poverty estimates is not satisfied by current data availability, at least in the short run. Imputation methods offer a promising solution and have received increasing attention. This review helps remedy the dearth of research analysing how to bridge the gap between typical development practitioners and the latest advances in the field.Policy ImplicationsPoverty‐imputation methods offer several policy‐relevant advantages, including

In the immediate term (when micro‐survey data are unavailable for all countries).
Survey costs or implementation pose challenges.
Back‐casting consumption from a more recent survey for better comparison with older surveys.
Bypassing thorny issues of obtaining appropriate intertemporal/intraregional price deflators.
Furthermore, poverty‐imputation methods can also be used in other fields.
Expanding the search for emerging mental ill health to safeguard student potential and vocational success in high school: A narrative review
Authors: Bowman Siann , McKinstry Carol , Howie Linsey , McGorry Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimYoung people experiencing mental ill health are more likely than their healthy aged peers to drop out of high school. This can result in social exclusion and vocational derailment. Identifying young people at risk and taking action before an illness is established or school dropout occurs is an important goal. This study aimed to examine evidence for the risk markers and at risk mental states of the clinical staging model (stage 0‐1b) and whether these risk states and early symptoms impact school participation and academic attainment.MethodThis narrative review assembles research from both the psychiatry and education literature. It examines stage 0 to stage 1b of the clinical staging model and links the risk states and early symptoms to evidence about the academic success of young people in high school.ResultsIn accordance with the clinical staging model and evidence from education literature, childhood trauma and parental mental illness can impact school engagement and academic progress. Sleep disturbance can result in academic failure. Undifferentiated depression and anxiety can increase the risk for school dropout. Subthreshold psychosis and hypomanic states are associated with functional impairment and high rates of Not in Employment, Education, or Training (NEET) but are not recognized in the education literature.ConclusionRisk markers for emerging mental ill health can be identified in education research and demonstrate an impact on a student's success in high school. Clear referral protocols need to be embedded into school life to reduce risk of progression to later stages of illness and support school participation and success.
Valuing animals as they are—Whether they feel it or not
Authors: Abbate C.E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDressing up animals in ridiculous costumes, shaming dogs on the internet, playing Big Buck Hunter at the local tavern, feeding vegan food to cats, and producing and consuming “knockout” animals, what, if anything, do these acts have in common? In this article, I develop two respect‐based arguments that explain how these acts are morally problematic, even though they might not always, if ever, affect the experiential welfare of animals. While these acts are not ordinary wrongs, they are animal dignitary wrongs.
Stroke unit admission is associated with better outcome and lower mortality in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Ungerer M. N. , Ringleb P. , Reuter B. , Stock C. , Ippen F. , Hyrenbach S. , Bruder I. , Martus P , Gumbinger C. ,   the AG Schlaganfall
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeThere is no clear consensus among current guidelines on the preferred admission ward [i.e. intensive care unit (ICU) or stroke unit (SU)] for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Based on expert opinion, the American Heart Association and European Stroke Organization recommend treatment in neurological/neuroscience ICUs (NICUs) or SUs. The European Stroke Organization guideline states that there are no studies available directly comparing outcomes between ICUs and SUs.MethodsWe performed an observational study comparing outcomes of 10 811 consecutive non‐comatose patients with intracerebral hemorrhage according to admission ward [ICUs, SUs and normal wards (NWs)]. Primary outcomes were the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge and intrahospital mortality. An additional analysis compared NICUs with SUs.ResultsTreatment outside an SU was associated with higher odds for an unfavorable outcome [ICU vs. SU: odds ratio (OR), 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–1.46; NW vs. SU: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08–1.52] and higher odds for intrahospital mortality (ICU vs. SU: OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.75–2.55; NW vs. SU: OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.23–1.89). A subgroup analysis of severely affected patients treated in dedicated NICUs (vs. SUs) showed that they had a lower risk of a poor outcome (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26–0.79).ConclusionsTreatment in SUs was associated with better functional outcome and reduced mortality compared with ICUs and NWs. Our findings support the current guideline recommendations to treat patients with intracerebral hemorrhage in SUs or NICUs and suggest that some patients may further benefit from NICU treatment.
Poly‐aneuploid cancer cells promote evolvability, generating lethal cancer
Authors: Pienta Kenneth J. , Hammarlund Emma U. , Axelrod Robert , Brown Joel S. , Amend Sarah R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCancer cells utilize the forces of natural selection to evolve evolvability allowing a constant supply of heritable variation that permits a cancer species to evolutionary track changing hazards and opportunities. Over time, the dynamic tumor ecosystem is exposed to extreme, catastrophic changes in the conditions of the tumor—natural (e.g., loss of blood supply) or imposed (therapeutic). While the nature of these catastrophes may be varied or unique, their common property may be to doom the current cancer phenotype unless it evolves rapidly. Poly‐aneuploid cancer cells (PACCs) may serve as efficient sources of heritable variation that allows cancer cells to evolve rapidly, speciate, evolutionarily track their environment, and most critically for patient outcome and survival, permit evolutionary rescue, therapy resistance, and metastasis. As a conditional evolutionary strategy, they permit the cancer cells to accelerate evolution under stress and slow down the generation of heritable variation when conditions are more favorable or when the cancer cells are closer to an evolutionary optimum. We hypothesize that they play a critical and outsized role in lethality by their increased capacity for invasion and motility, for enduring novel and stressful environments, and for generating heritable variation that can be dispensed to their 2N+ aneuploid progeny that make up the bulk of cancer cells within a tumor, providing population rescue in response to therapeutic stress. Targeting PACCs is essential to cancer therapy and patient cure—without the eradication of the resilient PACCs, cancer will recur in treated patients.
On the necessity of combining ethnobotany and genetics to assess agrobiodiversity and its evolution in crops: A case study on date palms (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) in Siwa Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Gros‐Balthazard Muriel , Battesti Vincent , Ivorra Sarah , Paradis Laure , Aberlenc Frédérique , Zango Oumarou , Zehdi‐Azouzi Salwa , Moussouni Souhila , Naqvi Summar Abbas , Newton Claire , Terral Jean‐Frédéric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrop diversity is shaped by biological and social processes interacting at different spatiotemporal scales. Here, we combined population genetics and ethnobotany to investigate date palm (Phoenix dactyliferaL.) diversity in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Based on interviews with farmers and observation of practices in the field, we collected 149 date palms from Siwa Oasis and 27 uncultivated date palms from abandoned oases in the surrounding desert. Using genotyping data from 18 nuclear and plastid microsatellite loci, we confirmed that some named types each constitute a clonal line, that is, a true‐to‐type cultivar. We also found that others are collections of clonal lines, that is, ethnovarieties, or even unrelated samples, that is, local categories. This alters current assessments of agrobiodiversity, which are visibly underestimated, and uncovers the impact of low‐intensity, but highly effective, farming practices on biodiversity. These hardly observable practices, hypothesized by ethnographic survey and confirmed by genetic analysis, are enabled by the way Isiwans conceive and classify living beings in their oasis, which do not quite match the way biologists do: a classic disparity ofeticversus.emiccategorizations. In addition, we established that Siwa date palms represent a unique and highly diverse genetic cluster, rather than a subset of North African and Middle Eastern palm diversity. As previously shown, North African date palms display evidence of introgression by the wild relativePhoenix theophrasti, and we found that the uncultivated date palms from the abandoned oases share even more alleles with this species than cultivated palms in this region. The study of Siwa date palms could hence be a key to the understanding of date palm diversification in North Africa. Integration of ethnography and population genetics promoted the understanding of the interplay between diversity management in the oasis (short‐time scale), and the origins and dynamic of diversity through domestication and diversification (long‐time scale).
Barriers and enablers for dental care among dentate home‐based older New Zealanders who receive living support
Authors: Smith Lee A. , Smith Moira , Thomson William Murray 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the structural, social and individual barriers to, and facilitators for, accessing dental services and remaining dentate, among a purposive sample of dentate home‐based older people who receive living support (HBOPWRLS).BackgroundStudies on the oral health of older people have largely been quantitative, while fewer studies have specifically explored the dental service utilisation patterns of dentate HBOPWRLS, especially in New Zealand.Materials and methodIn early 2019, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 40 dentate HBOPWRLS from one region of New Zealand. A parallel coding and thematic analysis of the interview data was conducted, based on the constant comparative method.ResultsBarriers to accessing dental services included the cost of dental treatment, negotiating transport issues, social isolation, traumatic childhood dental experiences, lack of role modelling for good oral health and hygiene, self‐ageing and drawing upon discourses of older people, and health conditions impacting on mobility and access to oral health care. Facilitators for accessing dental services included having a support network, parental role models, healthy diet, knowledge of the link between oral and general health, dental clearances for surgery, not wanting dentures and having a strong dislike of them, and agency to resist dentists’ advice to have a full extraction.ConclusionThe expense of dental care is a major barrier to HBOPWRLS accessing dental services at a life stage of reduced income. Strategies for boosting dental service access among socially isolated older people need further exploration.
‘You got into Oxbridge?’ Under‐represented students’ experiences of an elite university in the south of England
Authors: Stubbs Joshua E. , Murphy Emily C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmid concerns about the skewed socio‐demographic composition of England’s elite universities, this study sought to better understand what undergraduates from under‐represented backgrounds found supportive in the process of them gaining an offer of admission from a prestigious university, and their social and academic experience of higher education. Twelve undergraduates who self‐identified as originating from under‐represented backgrounds participated in semi‐structured interviews. Participants needed to experience explicit validation of their academic capabilities at national level, and of their (localised) social identities, before considering Oxbridge a viable institution for ‘people like them’; in other words, these students engaged in their own form of benchmarking depending on their school setting. On entering higher education, some participants experienced being ‘alienated’ from certain social and academic spaces on the basis that many other students already ‘seemed to know each other’. Findings suggest that the application process to more prestigious universities could be prioritised at earlier stages of education among under‐represented groups, and that widening participation initiatives cannot simply stop at entrance to higher education.
Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on motor function and collagen in the skeletal muscles of rats with type I diabetes
Authors: Luna Genoveva L. F. , Russo Thiago L. , Sabadine Maria A. , Estrada‐Bonilla Yisel C. , Andrade Ana L. M. , Brassolatti Patricia , Anibal Fernanda F. , Leal Ângela M. O. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation on motor function and collagen organization in the muscles of rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control (C), diabetic (DM) and diabetic treated with MSCs (DM‐MSCs). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (50 µg/kg). Bone marrow cells were isolated from the tibia and femur. After 10 weeks of DM induction, the DM‐MSC rats received four i.p. injections of MSCs (1 × 106). Ten weeks after MSC transplantation, motor performance was evaluated by the rotarod test and the anterior tibial (TA) muscles were collected for morphometric and quantification of collagen birefringence by polarizing microscopy analysis. Motor performance of the DM group was significantly reduced when compared to the C group and increased significantly in the DM + MSC group. The TA muscle mass was significantly reduced in the DM and DM + MSC groups compared to the C group. The connective tissue increased in the DM group compared to the C group and decreased in the DM + MSC group. The percentage collagen birefringence decreased significantly in the DM group when compared to the C group and increased in the DM + MSC group. Motor performance was positively correlated with collagen birefringence and negatively correlated with percentage of connective tissue. The results indicate that MSC transplantation improves both motor function and the collagen macromolecular organization in type 1 DM.
Electrochemical properties of ZnO anode materials with MicNo® morphology
Authors: Dermenci Kamil B. , Yanık Tunç , Dağ Sevinç , Suvacı Ender , Kesim Mehmet T. , Savacı Umut , Turan Servet 
Published: February 2020

AbstractZnO‐based anodes are currently possessing drawbacks such as their low cyclic stability, high capacity fade, and relatively low electronic conductivity that prevent their widespread use in commercial batteries. A commercially available, patented MicNo morphology of ZnO is known to adopt the advantages of nanosize into bulk in the field of semiconductor and cosmetic technology. In this study, the electrochemical performance of ZnO having MicNo morphology and its potential use in Li‐ion batteries were investigated. After 100 galvanostatic cycles at constant 100 mA/g current density, the retained capacity of MicNo is higher than nanosized ZnO‐the starting powder for MicNo ZnO. On the contrary, at higher current densities of 500 or 1000 mA/g, the nano‐ZnO showed better cyclability and lower capacity fade compared to MicNo ZnO. In cyclic voltammetry results, reduction in ZnO, LiZn, and Li2Zn3 formation was dominant during formation cycle of MicNo ZnO along with excellent reversibility. After lithiation, phase change from crystalline ZnO into metallic Zn and amorphous ZnO was observed from transmission electron microscopy analysis. Improved Li+ diffusion in SEI and pore channels, better charge‐transfer characteristics, poor electronic contact, and high EDL capacitance are other features of MicNo ZnO according to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Co‐precipitation of whey and pea protein – indication of interactions
Authors: Kristensen Heidi Thorgaard , Møller Anders Hauer , Christensen Mette , Hansen Mikka Stenholdt , Hammershøj Marianne , Dalsgaard Trine Kastrup 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe aim was to optimise the yield of co‐precipitation of whey protein isolate (WPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI) and compare co‐precipitates and protein blends with respect to solubility. The yield of co‐precipitates was tested with different protein ratios of WPI and PPI in combination with different temperatures and acid precipitation (pH 4.6). The highest precipitation yield was obtained at protein ratios WPI < PPI, high temperature and alkaline protein solvation. The solubility was measured by an instability index and absorption spectroscopy of re‐suspended precipitated proteins at pH 3, 7 and 11.5. Co‐precipitates had significantly lower solubility than protein blends. Protein ratios WPI > PPI, low precipitation temperature and high pH showed the highest solubility. Differences in protein composition between co‐precipitates and protein blends were observed with SDS‐PAGE and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation time‐of‐flight, and indicated different protein–protein interaction in samples, which needs further investigations.