bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Tumor‐to‐Background Contrast through Hydrophilic Tetrazines: The Construction of 18F‐Labeled PET Agents Targeting Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Feng. Huijuan , Zhang He , Wang Mengzhe , Vannam Raghu , Wang Hui , Yan Xuefeng , Ouyang Wei , Jia Xinqiao , Fox Joseph M. , Li Zibo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBioorthogonal reactions have been widely used in the biomedical field. 18F‐TCO/Tetrazine ligation is the most reactive radiolabelled inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction, but its application had been limited due to modest contrast ratios of the resulting conjugates. Herein, we describe the use of hydrophilic tetrazines to improve tumor‐to‐background contrast of neurotensin receptor targeted PET agents. PET agents were constructed using a rapid Diels–Alder reaction of the radiolabeled trans‐cyclooctene (18F‐sTCO) with neurotensin (NT) conjugates of a 3,6‐diaryltetrazine, 3‐methyl‐6‐aryltetrazine, and a derivative of 3,6‐di(2‐hydroxyethyl)tetrazine. Although cell binding assays demonstrated all agents have comparable binding affinity, the conjugate derived from 3,6‐di(2‐hydroxyethyl)tetrazine demonstrated the highest tumor to muscle contrast, followed by conjugates of the 3‐methyl‐6‐aryltetrazine and 3,6‐diaryltetrazine.
The Macrocycle versus Chain Competition in On‐Surface Polymerization: Insights from Reactions of 1,3‐Dibromoazulene on Cu(111)
Authors: Krug Claudio K. , Nieckarz Damian , Fan Qitang , Szabelski Paweł , Gottfried J. Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRing/chain competition in oligomerization reactions represents a long‐standing topic of synthetic chemistry and was treated extensively for solution reactions but is not well‐understood for the two‐dimensional confinement of surface reactions. Here, the kinetic and thermodynamic principles of ring/chain competition in on‐surface synthesis are addressed by scanning tunneling microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Monte Carlo simulations applied to azulene‐based organometallic oligomers on Cu(111). Analysis of experiments and simulations reveals how the ring/chain ratio can be controlled through variation of coverage and temperature. At room temperature, non‐equilibrium conditions prevail and kinetic control leads to preferential formation of the entropically favored chains. In contrast, high‐temperature equilibrium conditions are associated with thermodynamic control, resulting in increased yields of the energetically favored rings. The optimum conditions for ring formation include the lowest possible temperature within the regime of thermodynamic control and a low coverage. The general implications are discussed and compared to the solution case.
Evaluating the impact of smoking on disease‐specific survival outcomes in patients with human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer treated with transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Roden Dylan F. , Hobelmann Kealan , Vimawala Swar , Richa Tony , Fundakowski Christopher E. , Goldman Richard , Luginbuhl Adam , Curry Joseph M. , Cognetti David M. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundWhen treated nonsurgically with definitive chemoradiation, smokers with human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have a worse prognosis compared with their nonsmoking counterparts. To the authors' knowledge, the prognostic significance of smoking in surgically treated patients is unknown.MethodsThe current study is a retrospective case series of patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC who underwent upfront transoral robotic surgery at a single institution from 2010 through 2017. Exclusion criteria were nonoropharyngeal primary tumors, histology other than SCC, HPV‐negative tumors, previous history of head and neck cancer, and/or previous head and neck radiotherapy. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS), overall survival, and disease‐specific survival were compared using the Kaplan‐Meier method and the log‐rank test. Smoking history was categorized as never smokers (<1 pack‐year), current smokers (smoking at the time of the cancer diagnosis), and former smokers.ResultsA total of 258 patients met the study criteria. The average age was 60 years, and approximately 87% of patients were male. A total of 148 patients (57.4%) were smokers whereas 110 (42.6%) reported never smoking. There were 44 active smokers (17.1%) and 104 former smokers (40.3%). The median follow‐up was 3.23 years. There were 17 patients of disease recurrence. Smoking pack‐year history was not found to be significant for RFS (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.03 [P = .45]). There was no significant difference in RFS noted between never and ever smokers (92% vs 89.8%; P = .85) nor was there a difference observed between never, former, and current smokers (92% vs 91.5% vs 86.1%, respectively; P = .69).ConclusionsA smoking history is common in patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC. In the current study, HPV‐positive smokers were found to have excellent survival and locoregional control, similar to their nonsmoking counterparts. The results of the current study do not support the exclusion of smokers with early‐stage, HPV‐positive OPSCC from transoral robotic surgery–based deintensification trials.
Mitigating DDoS using weight‐based geographical clustering
Authors: Kongshavn Madeleine , Haugerud Hårek , Yazidi Anis , Maseng Torleiv , Hammer Hugo 
Published: February 2020

SummaryDistributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks have for the last two decades been among the greatest threats facing the internet infrastructure. Mitigating DDoS attacks is a particularly challenging task as an attacker tries to conceal a huge amount of traffic inside a legitimate traffic flow. This article proposes to use data mining approaches to find unique hidden data structures which are able to characterize the normal traffic flow. This will serve as a mean for filtering illegitimate traffic under DDoS attacks. In this endeavor, we devise three algorithms built on previously uncharted areas within mitigation techniques where clustering techniques are used to create geographical clusters in regions which are likely to contain legitimate traffic. We argue through extensive experimental results that establishing clusters around this narrative is a superior solution to clustering algorithms which rely on bitwise distances between IP addresses. In addition, the DDoS filtering algorithm is deployed in a virtual Linux environment using Nfqueue and tested in a simulated real‐life DDoS attack.
Effect of Deformation Temperature on the Microstructure Characteristics of α Phase in Ti‐40Al‐8Nb‐0.5B Alloys
Authors: Yang Xiaoxiao , Yang Guang , Wang Yifei , Liu Yanhui , Li Yuzhi , Wang Pengyi , Ren Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, microstructure characteristics of α phase in Ti‐40Al‐8Nb‐0.5B alloys (at%) after deformation in the β and (β+α) phase regions are examined. The experimental results indicate that the microstructure characteristics of the α phase are considerably affected by the deformation temperature. During the deformation in the β phase area, the β phase is not only elongated perpendicular to the compression direction, but also presents a 〈100〉‐〈111〉 double fiber texture. After the β→α transformation, a part of the α phase exhibits an equiaxed morphology and the others show lath‐like shapes. Due to the microstructural heredity, the α phase of the sample deformed in the β phase field presents a 〈11‐20〉‐〈10‐10〉 double fiber texture. In contrast, refined α phase with randomly distributed orientation is produced after the deformation in the (β+α) phase field and this is caused by the dynamic recrystallization during the deformation process.
Ecosystem services for intensification of agriculture, with emphasis on increased nitrogen ecological use efficiency
Authors: Sena Virley G. L. , de Moura Emanoel G. , Macedo Vinícius R. A. , Aguiar Alana C. F. , Price Adam H. , Mooney Sacha J. , Calonego Juliano C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn weathered tropical soil, low nutrient use efficiency can lead to agricultural systems becoming unsustainable. Therefore, tropical agriculture is highly dependent on ecosystem services, such as nutrient recycling and carbon sequestration, to enhance soil fertility, increase nutrient uptake, and facilitate sustainable production of agricultural goods. This research aimed to find the balance between sustainability and profitability of tropical agriculture by evaluating the changes in soil caused by the ecosystem services provided by the biomass of leguminous trees (Gliricidia) and assessing how these changes (associated with potassium) can affect nitrogen‐use efficiency and maize yield. An experiment was conducted testing the impact of Glircidia biomass addition vs. bare soil, with or without addition of both nitrogen and/or potassium. Changes in soil organic matter, (SOM) base cations sum, soil resistance, N uptake, N‐use efficiency, and maize yield were evaluated. Gliricidia biomass, when used with N and K, contributed to increasing SOM by 5.0 g/kg and the sum of base cations by 1458. 65 kg/ha in the 0–30 cm layer. Moreover, grain yield was increased by approximately 70% in the treatments with Gliricidia when compared to treatments without biomass where yield was very low. In bare soil, the additional yield of 1.5 tons/ha would not be enough to convince farmers to change slash and burn to conventional bare soil systems. Our results showed that leguminous trees, such as Gliricidia, might contribute to ensuring sustainable agricultural intensification in humid tropical soils with low natural fertility by providing ecosystem services such as biomass production, carbon sequestration, base cation recycling, and increased N acquisition. These findings might be an important strategy to replace the common slash‐and‐burn‐system and preserve the rainforest against the traditional shifting cultivation system. In contrast, the conventional system with bare soil showed that the addition of nitrogen was unfeasible, mainly in conditions of high rainfall precipitation. In these circumstances, the use of potassium may increase nitrogen‐use efficiency only when biomass is not used.
Multifunctional Clay/PNIPAM Hydrogel Incorporating HxMoO3 Plasmonic Quantum Dot
Authors: Li Hao , Li Youzeng , Xu Qun , Zhang Ali 
Published: February 2020

Functional hydrogel is becoming a frequently used material in various fields, especially in biological and medical applications. In order to overcome the barriers of low uniformity of structure and lack of energy dissipation effect in common hydrogel, in this work a strategy of doping plasmonic HxMoO3 quantum dots into PNIPAM (poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide)) hydrogel to proceed its multifunctionalization is developed. This quantum dots‐induced tactic could effectuate the enhancement of photothermal conversion, mechanical property, adhesion, and self‐healing performance simultaneously. In particular, for adhesion performance, the toughness value could be elevated to over 2500 J m−2 efficiently. Further, the enhancement mechanism behind the extraordinary adhesion performance is studied, and it can be contributed to the synergistic effect of pore structure regulation and abundant hydrogen bond, which are both beneficial to the interaction between composite hydrogel and solid surface. Subsequently, based on its extraordinary adhesion and self‐healing performance, the applicability of HxMoO3/PNIPAM hydrogel as a MØ growth substrate is investigated on wound dressing, and the experimental result demonstrates its excellent MØ growth‐promoting activity.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Integrated System Fuelled by Ammonia from Struvite Precipitation Process
Authors: Saadabadi S.A. , Patel H. , Woudstra T. , Aravind P. V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnergy and exergy performance of ammonia fuelled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) integrated system in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is evaluated in this study. Ammonia can be recovered through a struvite precipitation process in the form of an ammonia‐water mixture (with 14 mol.% ammonia) and used as a carbon‐free fuel. A series of experiments has been conducted for SOFC single cell to evaluate the performance with different ammonia‐water mixture ratios. An ammonia‐SOFC system was modeled in Cycle Tempo for detailed thermodynamic analysis. The heat from the electrochemical reaction in the SOFC and catalytic combustion in an afterburner is used in the struvite decomposition process. However, the generated heat is not sufficient to meet the heat demand of the struvite decomposition reactor. To improve the sustainability of the system in terms of heat demand, the system can be integrated into a heat pump assisted distillation tower, meanwhile, the ammonia concentration of the fuel stream increases. Increasing the ammonia concentration to 90 mol.% increases the energy and exergy efficiencies of the SOFC system. The net energy efficiency of the integrated system with a heat pump assisted distillation tower is 39%, based on the LHV of the ammonia‐water mixture.
Efficacy and safety of accelerated fractionated radiotherapy without elective nodal irradiation for T3N0 glottic cancer without vocal cord fixation
Authors: Okumura Masayuki , Motegi Atsushi , Zenda Sadamoto , Nakamura Naoki , Hojo Hidehiro , Nakamura Masaki , Hirano Yasuhiro , Kageyama Shun‐ichiro , Arahira Satoko , Parshuram Raturi Vijay , Kuno Hirofumi , Hayashi Ryuichi , Tahara Makoto , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Naganawa Shinji , Akimoto Tetsuo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate accelerated fractionated radiotherapy (AFRT) without elective nodal irradiation (ENI) for T3N0 glottic cancer (GC) without vocal cord fixation, especially in comparison with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) both of which included ENI.MethodsThe medical charts of patients with T3N0GC without cord fixation received definitive radiotherapy between June 2005 and March 2018 were reviewed.ResultsA total of 74 patients were analyzed. After a median follow‐up time of 46 months (range, 12‐141), 3‐year local failure in AFRT/CRT/HFRT (n = 41/10/23) was 10%/20%/26%, 3‐year regional failure 6%/0%/9%, 3‐year progression‐free survival 71%/69%/74%, and 3‐year overall survival 77%/100%/87%. There were no significant differences among three groups in recurrence or survival. Grade 3 adverse events (AEs) were noted in 5/2/8 patients (12%/20%/35%) in AFRT/CRT/HFRT, respectively. There were no Grade 4/5 AEs.ConclusionsAFRT without ENI is an effective and feasible treatment for T3N0GC without cord fixation.
Accessing π‐expanded heterocyclics beyond dibenzothiophene: Syntheses and properties of phenanthrothiophenes
Authors: Venkateswarlu Samala , Prakoso Suhendro Purbo , Kumar Sushil , Tao Yu‐Tai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA series of phenanthrothiophenes are designed and synthesized from polyarylthiophenes through regioselective Scholl reactions in one step using iron chloride as catalyst. The molecular structures of these heteroarenes displayed multiple twisted fjords, which perturb the shapes of the polycyclic frameworks to pack in slipped to near‐perfect face‐to‐face styles in parallel or antiparallel packings. Field‐effect transistor devices using single crystals of 6,12‐difluorodiphenanthro[9, 10‐b:9′, 10′]thiophene gave a hole mobility of 0.22 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Synthesis and biological activities of nitro‐hydroxy‐phenylquinolines; validation of antibiotics effect over DNA gyrase inhibition and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Bilavendran J D. , Manikandan Alagumuthu , Thangarasu Ponnusamy , Sivakumar K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA family of 11 nitrophenol 2‐nitro‐5‐(4‐substituted phenylquinolin‐2‐yl)phenol derivatives (4, 4a‐j) was effectively synthesized as antimicrobial medications. A mixture of the substituted 3‐hydroxy‐4‐nitrobenzaldehyde substituted aromatic amine and substituted phenylacetylenes were used to synthesis the title compounds 4, 4a‐j. Antimicrobialactivity potential of 4, 4a‐j was evaluated against Streptococcus pyogenes (MTCC 442), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), and Escherichia coli (MTCC 443). DNA gyrase inhibition studies carried out to understand the mechanism ofaction of the antimicrobial effect of target compounds. HRBC membrane stabilization (in vitro) property was also assessed as a representative human cellular cytotoxic effect of 4, 4a‐j since HRBC alike lysosomal cells and the lysozyme activity leads to inflammation and its adverse effects in cellular systems. Results reveal that compounds 4c and 4h have remarkable antibacterial activity and screened for further preclinical studies.
Effects of treatment temperatures on redox potential and sensory evaluation of different spices and herbs applied to cooked pork sausages
Authors: Huynh Do Bao Tam , Krickmeier Janet , Schnaeckel Wolfram 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment temperatures (22, 78, 100 °C) on the antioxidant activity of 13 types of dried ground spices and herbs (black mustard, black pepper, blackberries, onion, cumin, galangal, lemon balm, lovage, marjoram, oregano, parsley, rosemary and watercress) through measurements of redox potential. Four different combinations of spices and herbs were created and applied to cooked pork sausages, then sensory evaluation was carried out.RESULTSThe redox potential was temperature dependent. A temperature of 78 °C was chosen to produce the cooked pork sausages with the addition of the spice and herb combinations. The combinations were black mustard, onion, and cumin (at a 1:1:1 ratio); onion, marjoram, and parsley (at a 1:1:1 ratio); black pepper, lemon balm, and parsley (at a 1:2.35:1.65 ratio) and black pepper, cumin, and lovage (at a 1:2:2 ratio). In pork sausages cooked at 78 °C, the variants at 12 g kg−1 had a more intense aroma and taste than those at 6 g kg−1 spice and herb combinations, and received a superior sensory evaluation in total.CONCLUSIONSThe most desirable treatment temperature possibly applied in food products was 78 °C as it gave the highest number of negative results in redox potential of water extracts. The addition of the tested spice and herb combinations contributed to the increase of antioxidant possibility of 78 °C‐cooked pork sausages. Further investigation of the redox potential in other meat products (raw meat products at 22 °C, sausages from cooked meat at 100 °C) with the addition of the current spice and herb combinations will be undertaken in subsequent research. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A reconfigurable frequency selective surface with wide reconfigurable passband and angular stability property
Authors: Yang Dou , Zhai Huiqing , Qi Rui , Xue Kun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, a reconfigurable frequency selective surface (RFSS) with a wide reconfigurable passband and angular stability property is proposed. In this design, The RFSS consists of three metallic layers and two thin dielectric substrates with metallic via holes. Tunable electromagnetic characteristics are achieved by loading varactor diodes. Because of the symmetry of the structure and the insertion of metal via holes, the RFSS is insensitive to the incidence of TE and TM polarization, thus improving angular stability. The proposed RFSS can be tuned from 5.4 to 15.96 GHz when the incident angle ranges from 0° to 60°. The RFSS was made and tested to verify the proposed design. The proposed RFSS has good performances, which are verified by simulation and measurement results.
Low Serum Insulinlike Growth Factor II Levels Correlate with High BMI in American Indian Adults
Authors: Muller Yunhua L. , Hanson Robert L. , Mahkee Darin , Piaggi Paolo , Kobes Sayuko , Hsueh Wen‐Chi , Knowler William C. , Bogardus Clifton , Baier Leslie J. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveInsulinlike growth factor II (IGF‐II) regulates metabolism and growth. In humans, both positive and negative relationships have been reported between serum IGF‐II levels and obesity. This study assessed the relationship between serum IGF‐II levels and BMI and determined whether IGF‐II levels predict weight gain.MethodsSerum samples were available from 911 American Indians with a recorded BMI. IGF‐II was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSerum IGF‐II levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.17, P = 4.4 × 10−7, adjusted for age, sex, and storage time). The strongest correlation was in participants aged ≥ 30 years (r = −0.28, P = 3.4 × 10−8, N = 349), a modest correlation was in participants aged 20 to 29 years (r = −0.15, P = 7.6 × 10−3, N = 322), and participants aged 15 to 19 years had no correlation (r = 0.05, P = 0.48, N = 240). IGF‐II levels did not predict weight gain. However, among individuals who had genotypes for 64 established obesity variants (age ≥ 20 years, N = 671), a genetic risk score for high BMI was associated with lower IGF‐II (β = −0.08 SD of IGF‐II per SD of the genetic risk score, P = 0.025).ConclusionsThere is a negative relationship between IGF‐II levels and BMI, in which the correlation is stronger at older ages. The association between genetic risk for BMI and IGF‐II levels suggests that this correlation may be due to an effect of obesity on IGF‐II.
Exploring the industry's challenges in software testing: An empirical study
Authors: Garousi Vahid , Felderer Michael , Kuhrmann Marco , Herkiloğlu Kadir , Eldh Sigrid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextSoftware testing is an important and costly software engineering activity in the industry. Despite the efforts of the software testing research community in the last several decades, various studies show that still many practitioners in the industry report challenges in their software testing tasks.ObjectiveTo shed light on industry's challenges in software testing, we characterize and synthesize the challenges reported by practitioners. Such concrete challenges can then be used for a variety of purposes, eg, research collaborations between industry and academia.MethodOur empirical research method is opinion survey. By designing an online survey, we solicited practitioners' opinions about their challenges in different testing activities. Our dataset includes data from 72 practitioners from eight different countries.ResultsOur results show that test management and test automation are considered the most challenging among all testing activities by practitioners. Our results also include a set of 104 concrete challenges in software testing that may need further investigations by the research community.ConclusionWe conclude that the focal points of industrial work and academic research in software testing differ. Furthermore, the paper at hand provides valuable insights concerning practitioners' “pain” points and, thus, provides researchers with a source of important research topics of high practical relevance.