bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Diversity and Inclusion: An Organized Approach Through a Medical Specialty Academy
Authors: Pierce Ava E. , Moreno‐Walton Lisa , Boatright Dowin , Moll Joel L. , Hicks Marquita N. , Druck Jeffrey , Lopez Bernard L. , Oral Evrim , Heron Sheryl L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of a diverse workforce in medicine have been previously described. While the population of the United States has become increasingly diverse, this has not occurred in the physician workforce. In academic medicine, underrepresented in medicine (URiM) faculty are less likely to be promoted or retained in academic institutions. Studies suggest that mentorship and engagement increase the likelihood of development, retention, and promotion. However, it is not clear what form of mentorship creates these changes. The Academy for Diversity and Inclusion in Emergency Medicine (ADIEM), an academy within the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, is a group focused on advancing diversity and inclusion as well as promoting the development of its URiM students, residents, and faculty. The Academy serves many of the functions of a mentoring program. We assessed whether active involvement in ADIEM led to increased publications, promotion, or leadership advancement in the areas of diversity, equity, and inclusion.MethodsWe performed a survey of ADIEM members to determine if career development and productivity, defined as written scholarly products, presentations, and mentorship in the area of diversity, equity, and inclusion was enhanced by the establishment of the academy. To determine whether there were significant changes in academic accomplishments after the formation of ADIEM, two groups, ADIEM leaders and ADIEM nonleader members, were examined.ResultsThirteen ADIEM leaders and 14 ADIEM nonleader members completed the survey. Academic productivity in the area of diversity, equity, and inclusion increased significantly among ADIEM leaders when compared to ADIEM nonleader members after the founding of ADIEM. In particular, in the ADIEM leader group, there were significant increases in manuscript publications (1.31 ± 1.6 to 5.5 ± 7.96, p = 0.12), didactic presentations (3.85 ± 7.36 to 23.46 ± 44.52, p < 0.01), grand rounds presentations (0.83 ± 1.75 to 8.6 ± 10.71, p < 0.05), and student/resident mentees (6.46 ± 9.36 to 25 ± 30.41, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe formation of a specialized academy within a national medical society has advanced academic accomplishments in diversity, equity, and inclusion in emergency medicine among ADIEM leadership. Involvement of URiM and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender faculty in the academy fostered faculty development, mentoring, and educational scholarship.
Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period: A short report in a Swedish context
Authors: Johansson Margareta , Fenwick Jennifer , Thies‐Lagergren Li 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to investigate the prevalence of mothers who experienced pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period and to describe associated factors.MethodsMedical records of 987 mothers and their babies were scrutinized. Chi‐square Test, McNemar's test, and relative risk with a 95% confidence interval were applied for analysis.ResultsDuring the in‐hospital postnatal stay, 19.5% mothers experienced pain during breastfeeding. At discharge, the rate was 8.8% (ρ < .001) and at the follow‐up hospital visit 2 to 3 days after birth 17.5% (ρ = .104). Pain when breastfeeding was associated with primiparity (RR 2.02; 95% CI 1.53‐2.66), epidural block during labor (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17‐1.94), cracked nipples (RR 5.94; 95% CI 4.84‐7.27), the use of a nipple shield (RR 6.34; 95% CI 5.43‐7.41), supplementary feeding (RR 2.19; 95% CI 1.71‐2.80), and longer hospital stay (RR 1.88; 95% CI 1.46‐2.42).ConclusionsDuring the early postnatal period, Swedish mothers commonly experienced pain during breastfeeding. Although the rate dropped at discharge, it rose again by the time mothers returned for their follow‐up visit. The rebound rate could be explained by breast engorgement, a baby's shallow latch or the effect of an epidural block. Midwives and nurses assisting women during intrapartum and postpartum care must be aware of factors associated with pain during early breastfeeding.
Mechanism of Formic Acid Disproportionation Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex Immobilized on Bipyridine‐Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica: A Case Study Based on Kinetics Analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Sho , Hashimoto Shunsuke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work investigated the kinetics of formic acid (FA) disproportionation using an Ir complex immobilized on bipyridine‐periodic mesoporous organosilica (BPy‐PMO). The selectivity for methanol (MeOH) is increased using this catalyst compared to conventional homogeneous Ir complexes. This enhanced selectivity is attributed to the retention of H2 and CO2 generated by the competing FA dehydrogenation in PMO mesochannels having a high aspect ratio. However, no direct evidence for this process was previously obtained. The present work clarified the unique catalysis mechanism associated with a PMO catalyst exhibiting higher MeOH selectivity based on a hypothesis that the generation of MeOH via FA hydrogenation is promoted by the confinement of H2 in the PMO pores. The results obtained from the present kinetics study and data regarding H2 diffusion in the PMO pores strongly support this hypothesis.
1D Solitons in Saturable Nonlinear Media with Space Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Shi Jincheng , Zeng Jianhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo decades ago, standard quantum mechanics entered into a new territory called space‐fractional quantum mechanics, in which wave dynamics and effects are described by the fractional Schrödinger equation. Such territory is now a key and hot topic in diverse branches of physics, particularly in optics driven by the recent theoretical proposal for emulating the fractional Schrödinger equation. However, the light‐wave propagation in saturable nonlinear media with space fractional derivatives is yet to be clearly disclosed. Here, such nonlinear optics phenomenon is theoretically investigated based on the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with nonlinear lattices—periodic distributions of either focusing cubic (Kerr) or quintic saturable nonlinearities—and the existence and evolution of localized wave structures allowed by the model are addressed. The model upholds two kinds of one‐dimensional soliton families, including fundamental solitons (single peak) and higher‐order solitonic structures consisting of two‐hump solitons (in‐phase) and dipole ones (anti‐phase). Notably, the dipole solitons can be robust stable physical objects localized merely within a single well of the nonlinear lattices—previously thought impossible. Linear‐stability analysis and direct simulations are executed for both soliton families, and their stability regions are acquired. The predicted solutions can be readily observed in optical experiments and beyond.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cymoside through a Bioinspired Oxidative Cyclization of a Strictosidine Derivative
Authors: Dou Yingchao , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Gandon Vincent , Vincent Guillaume 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the caged monoterpene indole alkaloid cymoside is reported. This natural product displays a unique hexacyclic‐fused skeleton whose biosynthesis implies an early oxidative cyclization of strictosidine. Our approach to the furo[3,2‐b]indoline framework relied on an unprecedented biomimetic sequence which started by the diastereoselective oxidation of the indole ring into a hydroxyindolenine which triggered the addition of an enol ether and was followed by the trapping of an oxocarbenium intermediate.
Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles–functionalized Cu(II) Schiff base complex with an imidazolium moiety as an efficient and eco‐friendly bifunctional magnetically recoverable catalyst for the Strecker synthesis in aqueous media at room temperature
Authors: Kazemnejadi Milad , Alavi G. Seyyedeh Ameneh , Rezazadeh Zinat , Nasseri Mohammad Ali , Allahresani Ali , Esmaeilpour Mohsen 
Published: December 2019

Cu(II) Schiff base complex supported on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles was employed as a magnetic nanocatalyst (nanocomposite) with a phase transfer functionality for the one‐pot preparation of α‐aminonitriles (Strecker reaction). The desired α‐aminonitriles were obtained from the reaction of aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes, aniline or benzyl amine, NaCN, and 1.6 mol% of the catalyst in water at room temperature and good to excellent yields were obtained for all substrates. The catalyst was characterized analytically and instrumentally including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, nuclear magnetic resonance, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, vibrating‐sample magnetometry analysis, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The reaction mechanism was investigated, in which the performance of the catalyst as a phase transition factor seems to be probable. The catalyst showed high activity, high turnover frequency (TOF)s, significant selectivity, and fast performance toward the Strecker synthesis. The nanocatalyst can be readily and quickly separated from the reaction mixture with an external magnet and can be reused for at least seven successive reaction cycles without significant reduction in efficiency.
The Relation Between Preference for Predictability and Autistic Traits
Authors: Goris Judith , Brass Marcel , Cambier Charlotte , Delplanque Jeroen , Wiersema Jan R. , Braem Senne 
Published: December 2019

A common idea about individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is that they have an above‐average preference for predictability and sameness. However, surprisingly little research has gone toward this core symptom, and some studies suggest the preference for predictability in ASD might be less general than commonly assumed. Here, we investigated this important symptom of ASD using three different paradigms, which allowed us to measure preference for predictability under well‐controlled experimental conditions. Specifically, we used a dimensional approach by investigating correlations between autistic traits (as measured with the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient and Social Responsiveness Scale in a neurotypical population) and the scores on three different tasks. The “music preference” task assessed preferences for tone sequences that varied in predictability. The “perceptual fluency” task required participants to evaluate stimuli that were preceded by a similar versus dissimilar subliminally presented prime. The “gambling” task presented four decks of cards that had equal outcome probabilities but varied in predictability. We observed positive correlations between autistic traits and a preference for predictability in both the music preference and perceptual fluency task. We did not find our hypothesized correlation with gambling behavior but did observe a post hoc correlation showing that participants with more autistic traits were faster to choose the predictable deck. Together, these findings show that a relation between autistic traits and preference for predictability can be observed in a standardized lab environment, and should be considered an important first step toward a better, more mechanistic understanding of insistence on sameness in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1144‐1154. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryA core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a strong preference for predictability, but little research has gone toward it. We show that neurotypical adults with more autistic traits have stronger preferences for predictable tunes, evaluate images that can be predicted as more beautiful, and are faster in choosing a gambling option resulting in predictable reward. These results offer the first important evidence that insistence on sameness in ASD can be studied in controlled lab settings.
Decreasing motor stereotypy in leisure contexts: Analysis of stimulus control with response interruption and redirection
Authors: Falligant John M. , Dommestrup Aila K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNoncontingent access to preferred stimuli and activities may decrease stereotypic behavior in individuals with autism or other developmental disorders. However, prompted engagement, response interruption and redirection (RIRD), and/or contingent access to stereotypy may be required to achieve clinically significant reductions in stereotypy. Antecedent stimuli may also be manipulated during intervention to establish stimulus control by signaling when stereotypy will receive programmed consequences. The purpose of the current project was to replicate prior research in this area by a) evaluating the effectiveness of RIRD on motor stereotypy in an adolescent with autism and b) providing contingent access to stereotypy as a function of successively longer intervals without stereotypic behavior. We also assessed the extent that these procedures gained acceptable stimulus control. Results from this project suggest RIRD and contingent access to stereotypy may effectively decrease motor stereotypy in leisure contexts, though consistent inhibitory stimulus control may be difficult to establish.
Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies
Authors: Banerjee Amrita , Singh Jagdish 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObesity‐associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low‐grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue‐derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor‐α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity‐associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
Promoter polymorphisms of TOP2A and ERCC1 genes as predictive factors for chemotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Grenda Anna , Błach Justyna , Szczyrek Michał , Krawczyk Paweł , Nicoś Marcin , Kuźnar Kamińska Barbara , Jakimiec Monika , Balicka Grażyna , Chmielewska Izabela , Batura‐Gabryel Halina , Sawicki Marek , Milanowski Janusz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTopoisomerase 2‐alpha (TOP2A) is an enzyme that controls topologic changes in DNA during transcription and replication. ERCC1 is an enzyme that takes part in DNA repair processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive role of particular single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of TOP2A and ERCC1 genes in non‐small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) treated with chemotherapy.Materials and methodsWe enrolled 113 NSCLC patients treated in the first line with platinum‐based chemotherapy. Effectiveness was available for 71 patients. DNA was isolated from whole blood using the Qiamp DNA Blood Mini kit (Qiagen). We examined five SNPs: rs11615 (ERCC1), rs3212986 (ERCC1), rs13695 (TOP2A), rs34300454 (TOP2A), rs11540720 (TOP2A). Quantitative PCR using the TaqMan probe (ThermoFisher) was performed on a Eco Illumina Real‐Time PCR system device (Illumina Inc).ResultsPatients with the A/A genotype in rs11615 of the ERCC1 gene had significantly longer median progression free survival (PFS) (8.5 months; P = .0088). Patients with the C/C genotype in rs3212986 of the ERCC1 gene had longer median PFS (7 months; P = .05). Patients with the C/C genotype in rs34300454 of TOP2A gene had significantly higher median PFS (7.5 months; P = .0029). Carriers of the C/C genotype in rs34300454 of the TOP2A gene had significantly longer median OS (15.5 months; P = .0017). Patients with the A/A genotype in rs11615 of the ERCC1 gene had significantly higher risk of neutropenia (P = .0133).ConclusionsPolymorphisms of the TOP2A and ERCC1 genes may be a predictive factor of toxicities and survival for chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Prognostic impact of preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized carcinoembryonic antigen levels following curative resection of stage I‐III rectal cancer
Authors: Nakamura Yuya , Shida Dai , Tanabe Taro , Takamizawa Yasuyuki , Imaizumi Jun , Ahiko Yuka , Sakamoto Ryohei , Moritani Konosuke , Tsukamoto Shunsuke , Kanemitsu Yukihide 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative and early postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are known prognostic factors in rectal cancer. Recently, a large‐scale study on colon cancer revealed that “preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized CEA levels” is not an indicator of poor prognosis. However, whether this hold true in rectal cancer patients is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized CEA levels in rectal cancer patients undergoing curative resection.MethodsSubjects were consecutive stage I‐III rectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection without preoperative treatment at National Cancer Center Hospital between 2000 and 2015. Overall survival (OS) and the hazard function of recurrence or death were analyzed according to the CEA levels, as follows: normal preoperative CEA (normal group), preoperatively elevated but postoperatively normalized CEA (normalized group), and preoperatively and postoperatively elevated CEA (elevated group).ResultsThe normalized group (n =235) had worse OS (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08‐2.04; P = .0142) compared to the normal group (n = 1208), and better OS compared to the elevated group (n = 47) (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31‐0.91; P = .0208). The elevated group had the highest and earliest peak in hazard function, followed by the normalized group and the normal group, with median times to recurrence of 8.8, 15.5, and 18.5 months, respectively (P = .0223).ConclusionsPrognosis after resection of rectal cancer was worse in patients with preoperatively elevated and postoperatively normalized CEA compared to those with normal preoperative CEA. Patients with elevated preoperative CEA might require intensive follow‐up even if levels normalize after resection, especially in earlier periods, for early detection of recurrence.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐4328 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis by targeting NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein in age‐related cataract
Authors: Zhu Jianfeng , Gong Lei , Zhao Bojun 
Published: December 2019

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world while the molecular mechanisms of cataracts pathogenesis are not well elucidated. Dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expressions have been implicated in cataract. However, the precise role of miR‐4328 in cataract is still unknown. We compared the expression level of total miR‐4328 between clinical samples from healthy people and cataract patient and between UV‐irradiated and control lens epithelial cells. We determined the effect of miR‐4328 on lens epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis by suppressing miR‐4328. We further predicted NLR Family Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (NAIP) as potential target of miR‐4328 and continued to evaluate the effects of NAIP on cell proliferation and apoptosis. MiR‐4328 was up‐regulated in cataract sample and in UV‐irradiated lens epithelial cells. Suppressing MiR‐4328 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. MiR‐4328 targeted NAIP and suppressed its expression. Knocking down NAIP abolished the effects of miR‐4328 on cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. MiR‐4328 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis by targeting NAIP in age‐related cataract.Significance of the studyMiR‐4328 targeted NAIP and suppressed its expression. Knocking down NAIP abolished the effects of miR‐4328 on cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. MiR‐4328 promotes lens epithelial cell apoptosis by targeting NAIP in age‐related cataract.
The Mechanism of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis through a Magnifying Glass
Authors: Hollóczki Oldamur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe term “N‐Heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis” is often invoked in organic synthesis for reactions that are catalyzed by different azolium salts in the presence of bases. Although the mechanism of these reactions is considered today evident, a closer look into the details that have been collected throughout the last century reveals that there are many open questions and even contradictions in the field. Emerging new theoretical and experimental results offer solutions to these problems, because they show that through considering alternative reaction mechanisms a more consistent picture on the catalytic process can be obtained. These novel perspectives will be able to extend the scope of the reactions that we call today N‐heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis.
It's a Trap: Thiol‐Michael Chemistry on a DASA Photoswitch
Authors: Alves Jessica , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Gräfe David , Walden Sarah L. , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDonor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) are popular photoswitches capable of toggling between two isomers depending on the light and temperature of the system. The cyclized polar form is accessed by visible‐light irradiation, whereas the linear nonpolar form is recovered in the dark. Upon the formation of the cyclized form, the DASA contains a double bond featuring a β‐carbon prone to nucleophilic attack. Here, an isomer selective thiol‐Michael reaction between the cyclized DASA and a base‐activated thiol is introduced. The thiol‐Michael addition was carried out with an alkyl (1‐butanethiol) and an aromatic thiol (p‐bromothiophenol) as reaction partners, both in the presence of a base. Under optimized conditions, the reaction proceeds preferentially in the presence of light and base. The current study demonstrates that DASAs can be selectively trapped in their cyclized state.
Isomeric Dithienophosphepines: The Impact of Ring Fusion on Electronic and Structural Properties
Authors: Padberg Kevin , Ascherl Johannes D. R. , Hampel Frank , Kivala Milan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and extensive experimental (X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry) and theoretical (DFT calculations) characterization of two isomeric dithieno[b,f]phosphepines (DTPs) are presented herein. The relative orientation of the phosphepine and the thiophene moieties has a decisive impact on the electronic and structural properties of these compounds. Moreover, the thiophene units allow for a facile subsequent functionalization through direct Pd‐catalyzed C−H coupling, which renders DTPs highly promising building blocks for organophosphorus functional materials.