bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sequential Two-Step Cell-Based Assay Predicts Immunosuppression-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Bouchard-Boivin François , Désy Olivier , Béland Stéphanie , Gama Alcino , Lapointe Isabelle , Lesage Julie , Côté Isabelle , Singbo Narcisse , Houde Isabelle , De Serres Sacha A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Immunosuppressants are associated with serious and often life-threatening adverse effects. To optimize immunotherapy, a tool that measures the immune reserve is necessary. We validated that a cell-based assay that measures TNF-α production by CD14+16+ intermediate monocytes following stimulation with EBV peptides has high sensitivity for the detection of over-immunosuppression (OIS) events. To develop a sequential, two-step assay with high specificity, we used PBMCs from kidney recipients (n = 87). Patients were classified as cases or controls, according to the occurrence of opportunistic infection, recurring bacterial infections, or de novo neoplasia. Patients who tested positive in the first step were randomly allocated to a training or a testing set for the development of the second step. In the discovery phase, an assay based on the examination of early mature B (eBm5) cells was able to discriminate OIS patients from controls with a specificity of 88%. The testing set also revealed a specificity of 88%. The interassay coefficient of variability between the experiments was 6.1%. Stratified analyses showed good diagnostic accuracy across tertiles of age and time posttransplant. In the adjusted model, the risk of OIS was more than 12 times higher in patients classified as positive than in those who tested negative (adjusted hazard ratio, 12.2; 95% confidence interval: 4.3–34.6). This sequential cell-based assay, which examines the monocyte and eBm5 cell response to EBV peptides, may be useful for identifying OIS in immunosuppressed patients.
The Clusters of Transcription Factors NFATC2, STAT5, GATA2, AP1, RUNX1 and EGR2 Binding Sites at the InducedIl13Enhancers MediateIl13Gene Transcription in Response to Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Kamran Mohammad , Liang Jinyi , Liu Bing , Li Yapeng , Gao Junfeng , Keating Ashley , Mohamed Fathia , Dai Shaodong , Reinhardt Richard , Jiong Yang , Wu Zhongdao , Huang Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIL-13 plays a critical role in mediating many biological processes responsible for allergic inflammation. Mast cells express Il13 mRNA and produce IL-13 protein in response to antigenic stimulation. Enhancers are essential in promoting gene transcription and are thought to activate transcription by delivering essential accessory cofactors to the promoter to potentiate gene transcription. However, enhancers mediating Il13 have not been identified. Furthermore, which Il13 enhancers detect signals triggered by antigenic stimulation have not yet been defined. In this study, we identified potential mouse Il13 enhancers using histone modification monomethylation at lysine residue 4 on histone 3 (H3K4me1) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and acetylation at lysine residue 27 on histone 3 (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. We used Omni–assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to determine which accessible regions within the potential Il13 enhancers that responded to IgE receptor crosslinking. We also demonstrated that the transcription factor cluster consisting of the NFATC2, STAT5, GATA2, AP1, and RUNX1 binding sites at the proximal Il13 enhancer and the transcription factor cluster consisting of the EGR2 binding site at the distal Il13 E+6.5 enhancer are critical in sensing the signals triggered by antigenic stimulation. Those enhancers, which are responsive to antigenic stimulation and are constitutively active, cooperate to generate greater transcriptional outputs. Our study reveals a novel mechanism underlying how antigenic stimulation induces robust Il13 mRNA expression in mouse mast cells.
Validity and utility of instruments for screening of depression in women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre district in Malawi
Authors: Chorwe-Sungania G. , Chipps J. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Screening instruments should be brief, valid and easy to use if they are to be useful in a busy antenatal clinic in low-resource settings. A short instrument can be used in a busy antenatal clinic in combination with a more detailed instrument once referred. This study aimed at assessing the validity of a range of depression screening instruments and to test the utility of combining these instruments for use in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi.Methods: This was a sensitivity analysis study using a sub-sample of 97 pregnant women drawn from a cross-sectional study (sample size = 480) that was screening for depression in eight antenatal clinics. Data from the cross-sectional study for the 97 pregnant women on the 3-item screener, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-15 (HSCL-15) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), was compared with a gold standard, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) were calculated to test for validity of the instruments. The utility of various combinations of the instruments was tested using the compensatory, conjunctive, probability and sequential rules.Results: The 3-item screener, EPDS, HSCL-15 and SRQ were valid instruments for screening antenatal depression. Sequential combination of the 3-item screener and SRQ had superior discriminant ability over similar combinations of the 3-item screener and either EPDS or HSCL-15 (sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 88%, AUC = 0.885).Discussion: The 3-item screener, EPDS, HSCL-15 and SRQ are valid instruments for screening depression in local antenatal clinics. The sequential combination of the 3-item screener and SRQ may be a practical, accurate and suitable method for multistage screening of depression in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi.
Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa
Authors: Mampuya F. K. , Steinberg W. J. , Raubenheimer J. E. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Common risk factors for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are prolonged immobilisation, surgery, leg trauma or fracture, pregnancy, hormone therapy, heart failure, cancer, obesity, age, and smoking. The incidence of DVT in HIV-infected patients shows a two- to tenfold increase in comparison with a healthy population of similar age. This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the presence of risk factors for DVT and the prevalence of HIV infection in patients with confirmed DVT treated at Kimberley Hospital Complex, a regional/tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, from January 2010 to December 2014.Methods: Patients were identified from the ultrasound register from the Radiology Department, and all adult patients with Doppler-proven DVT during the five-year period were included in the study. The data were extracted from the patient files and captured on data sheets.Results: Of the 852 patients included in the study, most were female (n = 536, 62.9%). The median age was 45 years (range 5–94 years, interquartile range 34–58 years). More than half (n = 443, 52.0%) of the patients were HIV-positive, 333 (39.1%) HIV-negative, while 76 (8.9%) did not have a known HIV status. The most common association with DVT was HIV infection (52.0%) followed by tuberculosis (12.4%), cancer (10.9%), and smoking (9.0%). The least common risk factors were long-distance travel (0.4%) and thrombophilia (0.4%). The left popliteal vein was the most frequently affected site (42.0%) followed by left superficial femoral vein (40.8%) and left common femoral vein (34.7%). The location of the DVT was not associated with the HIV status of the patients.Conclusion: At Kimberley Hospital Complex, the most common risk factor in patients presenting with DVT was HIV infection, with more than half of the patients being HIV-positive. Other risk factors included tuberculosis, cancer and smoking.
An exploration of the reasons women give for choosing legal termination of pregnancy at Soshanguve Community Health Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Steyn Carrien , Govender Indiran , Ndimande John Velaphi 
Published: November 2020

Background: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) is one of the most commonly performed gynaecological procedures in the world and was legalised in South Africa in 1996 with the passing of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 (Act No. 29 of 1996). Utilisation of the TOP service increased significantly after the promulgation of the Act, to the extent that 7% of pregnant women in South Africa chose to terminate their pregnancies legally in 2012. Worldwide, women most commonly state their reasons for choosing TOP as a desire to stop or postpone childbearing. Although several international studies have been done in this regard, the reasons for women requesting legalised TOP in South Africa have not been explored in depth.Methods: A qualitative study using the case-study approach and involving one-on-one open interviews with participants was done at the TOP Clinic at Soshanguve Clinic 3 with the aim of gaining more insight into this issue.Results: The following themes emerged from the interviews: formal education not completed, financial difficulties, contraceptive failure, wrong timing, reasons relating to the existing family; and problems relating to the partner.Conclusion: This study also gave insight into the complex personal and social contexts within which women make the decision to terminate their pregnancy, and the thoughtfulness with which they make their decisions.
Evaluation of the Standardized MUSIC CARE© App in the Treatment of Pain: The U-Shape Composing Technique
Authors: Guétin Stéphane , Falvay Daniela , Chanques Gérald , Jaber Samir , De Lattre Sylvie , Souche Bruno , Giniès Patrick , Picot Marie-Christine , Hérisson Christian , Brun Luc , De Diego Emmanuelle , Touchon Jacques 
Published: November 2020

Numerous studies emphasize the application of music therapy and music medicine in the treatment of pain. The MUSIC CARE© app that was designed at the University Hospital of Montpellier applies the U-shape music composing technique taking into account the available evidence of the literature on relaxation paradigms. The main objective of this article is to summarize recent research on the standardization and evaluation of this new app of music medicine in the treatment of pain. Following a comprehensive review of the literature, a series of controlled, randomized, multi-centered studies were conducted including patients seeking care in such diverse setting as rheumatology, functional rehabilitation, oncology, geriatrics, anesthesiology andintensive care, neurology, obstetrics, pediatrics and general pain treatment. The effect of the MUSIC CARE© app has been evaluated on different types of acute and chronic pain of various origins (i.e. mechanical, inflammatory and neurological fibromyalgia). Physiological effects on hemodynamic and respiratory markers as well as psychological outcomes, including the relationship between care-provider and patient have been emphasized within multiple trials. The MUSIC CARE© app reduces pain, anxiety and depression to a significant degree and decreases the need for anxiolytics and antidepressants. Our first randomized controlled trials demonstrate the benefit of using MUSIC CARE© application in the management of pain. Futuredirections for the use of the app in various settings are discussed.
Music Therapy in China
Authors: Zhang Jing-Wen , Gao Tian , Liu Ming-Ming 
Published: November 2020

Music therapy in China has a 30- year history. The pioneers strove to build the training programs and to advocate for the profession. There are music therapy organizations and groups that were established for a variety of different needs and in response to the populations representing the most significant of those needs. The first graduate program of music therapy was started by Prof. Tian Gao at the Central Conservatory of Music in 1997. Currently, 13 music therapy programs in universities have been founded. In recent years, China’s public understanding of music therapy has improved as more trained music therapists have starting work here. Key words: Music Therapy, China Spanish:La musicoterapia en China tiene una historia de más de 30 años. Los pioneros se esforzaron para construir programas de formación y abogaron por la profesión. Hoy en día se cuentan con organizaciones de musicoterapia y diversos grupos que han sido establecidos en base a una variedad de necesidades diferentes y en respuesta a las poblaciones que representan la mayor parte de ellas. El primer programa de musicoterapia fue iniciado por el Prof. Tian Gao en el Conservatorio Central de Música en 1997. Actualmente se han fundado 13 programas de musicoterapia en diversas universidades. En años recientes, la comprensión del público en general con respecto a la musicoterapia ha mejorado a medida en que más musicoterapeutas capacitados han empezado a trabajar aquí.
Boundaries of the Educational Imagination
Authors: Hugo Wayne 
Published: November 2020

The educational imagination is the capacity to think critically beyond our located, daily experiences of education. It breaks away from the immediacy of personal understanding by placing education within wider, deeper and longer contexts.
Boundaries of the Educational Imagination develops the educational imagination by answering six questions:
Each question goes on a journey towards limit points in education so that educational processes can be placed within a bigger framework that allows new possibilities, fresh options and more critical engagement. These questions are then pulled together into a structuring framework enabling the reader to grasp how this complex subject works.
Doctoral Education in South Africa
Authors: Cloete Nico , Mouton Johann , Sheppard Charles 
Published: November 2020

Worldwide, in Africa and in South Africa, the importance of the doctorate has increased disproportionately in relation to its share of the overall graduate output over the past decade. This heightened attention has not only been concerned with the traditional role of the PhD, namely the provision of future academics; rather, it has focused on the increasingly important role that higher education - and, particularly, high-level skills - is perceived to play in national development and the knowledge economy.
This book is unique in the area of research into doctoral studies because it draws on a large number of studies conducted by the Centre of Higher Education Trust (CHET) and the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST), as well as on studies from the rest of Africa and the world. In addition to the historical studies, new quantitative and qualitative research was undertaken to produce the evidence base for the analyses presented in the book.The findings presented in Doctoral Education in South Africa pose anew at least six tough policy questions that the country has struggled with since 1994, and continues to struggle with, if it wishes to gear up the system to meet the target of 5 000 new doctorates a year by 2030. Discourses framed around the single imperatives of growth, efficiency, transformation or quality will not, however, generate the kind of policy discourses required to resolve these tough policy questions effectively. What is needed is a change in approach that accommodates multiple imperatives and allows for these to be addressed simultaneously.
Modern American Drama: Playwriting in the 1960s
Authors: Sell Mike 
Published: November 2020

The Decades of Modern American Drama series provides a comprehensive survey and study of the theatre produced in each decade from the 1930s to 2009 in eight volumes. Each volume equips readers with a detailed understanding of the context from which work emerged: an introduction considers life in the decade with a focus on domestic life and conditions, social changes, culture, media, technology, industry and political events; while a chapter on the theatre of the decade offers a wide-ranging and thorough survey of theatres, companies, dramatists, new movements and developments in response to the economic and political conditions of the day. The work of the four most prominent playwrights from the decade receives in-depth analysis and re-evaluation by a team of experts, together with commentary on their subsequent work and legacy. A final section brings together original documents such as interviews with the playwrights and with directors, drafts of play scenes, and other previously unpublished material.
The major playwrights and their plays to receive in-depth coverage in this volume include:
Edward Albee: The American Dream (1960), Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), A Delicate Balance (1966) and Tiny Alice (1964 );Amiri Baraka: Dutchman (1964), The Slave (1964) and Slaveship (1967);Adrienne Kennedy: Funnyhouse of a Negro (1964), Cities in Bezique (The Owl Answers and A Beast’s Story, 1969), and A Rat’s Mass (1967);Jean-Claude van Itallie: American Hurrah (1966), The Serpent (1968) and War (1963).
Investigation of the wet removal rate of black carbon in East Asia: validation of a below- and in-cloud wet removal scheme in FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) model v10.4
Authors: Choi Yongjoo , Kanaya Yugo , Takigawa Masayuki , Zhu Chunmao , Park Seung-Myung , Matsuki Atsushi , Sadanaga Yasuhiro , Kim Sang-Woo , Pan Xiaole , Pisso Ignacio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Understanding the global distribution of atmospheric black carbon (BC) is essential for unveiling its climatic effect. However, there are still large uncertainties regarding the simulation of BC transport due to
inadequate information about the removal process. We accessed the wet
removal rate of BC in East Asia based on long-term measurements over
the 2010–2016 period at three representative background sites
(Baengnyeong and Gosan in South Korea and Noto in Japan). The average
wet removal rate, represented by transport efficiency (TE), i.e., the
fraction of undeposited BC particles during transport, was estimated
to be 0.73 in East Asia from 2010 to 2016. According to the
relationship between accumulated precipitation along trajectory and
TE, the wet removal efficiency was lower in East and North China but
higher in South Korea and Japan, implying the importance of the aging
process and frequency of exposure to below- and in-cloud scavenging
conditions during air mass transport. Moreover, the wet scavenging in
winter and summer showed the highest and lowest efficiency,
respectively, although the lowest removal efficiency in summer was
primarily associated with a reduced BC aging process because the
in-cloud scavenging condition was dominant. The average half-life and
e-folding lifetime of BC were 2.8 and 7.1 d, respectively,
which is similar to previous studies, but those values differed
according to the geographical location and meteorological conditions
of each site. Next, by comparing TE from the FLEXible PARTicle
(FLEXPART) Lagrangian transport model (version 10.4), we diagnosed the
scavenging coefficients (s−1) of the below- and in-cloud
scavenging scheme implemented in FLEXPART. The overall median TE from
FLEXPART (0.91) was overestimated compared to the measured value,
implying the underestimation of wet scavenging coefficients in the model
simulation. The median of the measured below-cloud scavenging
coefficient showed a lower value than that calculated according to
FLEXPART scheme by a factor of 1.7. On the other hand, the overall
median of the calculated in-cloud scavenging coefficients from the FLEXPART scheme was highly underestimated by 1 order of magnitude, compared to the measured value. From an analysis of artificial neural
networks, the convective available potential energy, which is well
known as an indicator of vertical instability, should be considered in
the in-cloud scavenging process to improve the representative regional
difference in BC wet scavenging over East Asia. For the first time,
this study suggests an effective and straightforward evaluation
method for wet scavenging schemes (both below and in cloud), by
introducing TE along with excluding effects from the inaccurate
emission inventories.
Meaning in the Use of Freedom: The <em>Free Press Underground</em>, the University of Missouri, and Students for a Democratic Society
Authors: Drew Chris 
Published: November 2020

The Free Press Underground was an independent newspaper edited and published by University of Missouri students in the 1960’s. Four students were arrested for distributing a February,1969 edition of the paper. One of those students was ultimately expelled. Her name was Barbara Papish. She and the ACLU took the MU’s Board of Curators to court, and ultimately made it to the Supreme Court in 1973. Papish’s expulsion was ruled unconstitutional. A deeper analysis of the historical context surrounding this incident will reveal the ongoing power struggle and antagonism shared between the University and the student publishers, and draw lessons for contextualizing free speech incidents. This will be shown as necessary for seeing the underlying purpose, intent, and meaning buried beneath the oft over simplified struggle for public opinion surrounding morality and freedom, as exemplified by this incident.
Fertilités
Authors: Breviglieri Marc 
Published: November 2020

Cet article brosse un tableau de l’univers végétal d’une oasis du Maroc présaharien (région du Souss) en mettant l’accent sur la présence de femmes âgées issues d’un milieu très modeste venant quotidiennement désherber et collecter des plantes spontanées. Ces femmes entretiennent un lien privilégié avec ces dernières et transmettent leurs pouvoirs nourriciers, prophylactiques, thérapeutiques ou magiques à la communauté oasienne dans son ensemble. Mais une question se pose : que va-t-il advenir de ce champ de relations intégrées aux cycles de fertilité au fil des transformations structurelles et des projets de modernisation que connaissent actuellement les espaces oasiens ? Ces projets, tout en étant porteurs d’objectifs environnementalistes, attestent d’une modalité de qualification du sol et de son exploitation qui tend à éclipser la présence de ces femmes, négligeant au passage l’arrière-plan cosmologique foisonnant sur lequel se dessinent leurs gestes attentionnés et la perméabilité sensible à l’univers végétal oasien dont elles sont les gardiennes.
Affordances sensorielles
Authors: Dassié Véronique 
Published: November 2020

Qu’il s’agisse de souvenirs domestiques, d’objets intimes et obsolètes auxquels l’individu est attaché, d’éléments prestigieux du patrimoine monumental, emblématiques des groupes qui les revendiquent, ou encore d’une nature en péril, au nom de laquelle chacun peut s’engager, le monde matériel mobilise les sens et les affects. À la faveur de diverses enquêtes ethnographiques menées en France depuis les années 2000 sur la conservation du patrimoine domestique, les émotions patrimoniales et la patrimonialisation des mémoires des migrations, cet article analyse la manière dont les individus mobilisent les affects pour façonner leur autoportrait. Les épiphanies affectives passent par des expériences sensorielles, véritables épreuves des sens. Mais l’emprise des choses du quotidien, leur affordance et l’affection qu’elles inspirent ne se limitent pas à l’individu concerné, allant bien au-delà. Leur dimension collective se déploie à deux niveaux : action revendiquée de sauvegarde du temps qui passe d’une part, action invisible, voire inconsciente d’une perpétuelle reformation du monde d’autre part. Elle amène à considérer la portée politique des liaisons affectives et de leur interprétation sensorielle sous l’angle d’un autoportrait collectif, miroir d’un monde habité malléable.