bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk prediction models for emergence delirium in paediatric general anaesthesia: a systematic review
Authors: Petre Maria-Alexandra , Saha Bibek , Kasuya Shugo , Englesakis Marina , Gai Nan , Peliowski Arie , Aoyama Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesEmergence delirium (ED) occurs in approximately 25% of paediatric general anaesthetics and has significant adverse effects. The goal of the current systematic review was to identify the existing literature investigating performance of predictive models for the development of paediatric ED following general anaesthesia and to determine their usability.DesignSystematic review using the Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) framework.Data sourcesMedline (Ovid), PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Ovid), Cochrane CENTRAL (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ProQuest Digital Dissertations and Theses International through 17 November 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesAll randomised controlled trials and cohort studies investigating predictive models for the development of ED in children undergoing general anaesthesia.Data extraction and synthesisFollowing title, abstract and full-text screening by two reviewers, data were extracted from all eligible studies, including demographic parameters, details of anaesthetics and performance characteristics of the predictive scores for ED. Evidence quality and predictive score usability were assessed according to the PROBAST framework.ResultsThe current systematic review yielded 9242 abstracts, of which only one study detailing the development and validation of the Emergence Agitation Risk Scale (EARS) met the inclusion criteria. EARS had good discrimination with c-index of 0.81 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.89). Calibration showed a non-significant Homer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (p=0.97). Although the EARS demonstrated low concern of applicability, the high risk of bias compromised the overall usability of this model.ConclusionsThe current systematic review concluded that EARS has good discrimination performance but low usability to predict ED in a paediatric population. Further research is warranted to develop novel models for the prediction of ED in paediatric anaesthesia.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019141950.
Taking charge of eczema self-management: a qualitative interview study with young people with eczema
Authors: Greenwell Kate , Ghio Daniela , Muller Ingrid , Roberts Amanda , McNiven Abigail , Lawton Sandra , Santer Miriam 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo explore young people’s experiences of eczema self-management and interacting with health professionals.DesignSecondary qualitative data analysis of data sets from two semistructured interview studies. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.SettingParticipants were recruited from the UK primary care, dermatology departments and a community-based sample (eg, patient representative groups, social media).ParticipantsData included 28 interviews with young people with eczema aged 13–25 years (mean age=19.5 years; 20 female).ResultsAlthough topical treatments were generally perceived as effective, young people expressed doubts about their long-term effectiveness, and concerns around the safety and an over-reliance on topical corticosteroids. Participants welcomed the opportunity to take an active role in their eczema management, but new roles and responsibilities also came with initial apprehension and challenges, including communicating their treatment concerns and preferences with health professionals, feeling unprepared for transition to an adult clinic and obtaining treatments. Decisions regarding whether to engage in behaviours that would exacerbate their eczema (eg, irritants/triggers, scratching) were influenced by young people’s beliefs regarding negative consequences of these behaviours, and perceived control over the behaviour and its negative consequences.ConclusionsBehavioural change interventions must address the treatment concerns of young people and equip them with the knowledge, skills and confidence to take an active role in their own eczema management.
Pain and its impact on functioning and disability in manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury: a protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Mashola Mokgadi Kholofelo , Korkie Elzette , Mothabeng Diphale Joyce 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionApproximately 80% of people with spinal cord injury experience clinically significant chronic pain. Pain (whether musculoskeletal or neuropathic) is consistently rated as one of the most difficult problems to manage and negatively affects the individual’s physical, psychological and social functioning and increases the risk of pain medication misuse and poor mental health. The aim of this study is to therefore determine the presence of pain and its impact on functioning and disability as well as to develop a framework for self-management of pain for South African manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury.Methods and analysisCommunity-dwelling participants with spinal cord injury will be invited to participate in this three-phase study. Phase 1 will use a quantitative, correlational design to determine factors related to pain such as pectoralis minor length, scapular dyskinesis, wheelchair functioning, physical quality of life, community reintegration and pain medication misuse. Demographic determinants of pain such as age, gender, type of occupation, completeness of injury and neurological level of injury will also be investigated. Participants with pain identified in phase 1 will be invited to partake in a qualitative descriptive and contextually designed phase 2 to explore their lived experience of pain through in-depth interviews. The results of phases 1 and 2 will then be used with the assistance from experts to develop a framework for self-management of pain using a modified Delphi study. Data analysis will include descriptive and inferential statistics (quantitative data) and thematic content analysis (qualitative data).Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study is granted by the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee of the University of the Pretoria (approval number 125/2018). This study is registered with the South African National Health Research Database (reference GP201806005). This study’s findings will be shared in academic conferences and published in scientific peer-reviewed journals.
Relationship between loneliness, social isolation and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a latent class analysis
Authors: Bu Feifei , Steptoe Andrew , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThere is growing research into the effects of psychological and social factors such as loneliness and isolation on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether individuals with particular clusters of CVD risk factors are more strongly affected by loneliness and isolation. This study aimed to identify latent clustering of modifiable risk factors among adults aged 50+ and explore the relationship between loneliness, social isolation and risk factor patterns.MethodsData from 8218 adults of English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were used in latent class analyses to identify latent classes of cardiovascular risk factors and predictors of class membership.ResultsThere were four latent classes: low-risk (30.2%), high-risk (15.0%), clinical-risk (42.6%) and lifestyle-risk (12.2%) classes. Loneliness was associated with a greater risk of being in the high-risk class (relative risk ratio (RRR) 2.40, 95% CI 2.40 to 1.96) and lifestyle-risk class (RRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.67) and a lower risk of being in the clinical-risk class (RRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.98) relative to the low-risk class. Social disengagement, living alone and low social contact were also differentially associated with latent class memberships.ConclusionThese findings supplement our existing knowledge of modifiable risk factors for CVD by showing how risk factors cluster together and how the risk patterns are related to social factors, offering important implications for clinical practice and preventive interventions.
Religious affiliation and COVID-19-related mortality: a retrospective cohort study of prelockdown and postlockdown risks in England and Wales
Authors: Gaughan Charlotte Hannah , Ayoubkhani Daniel , Nafilyan Vahe , Goldblatt Peter , White Chris , TIngay Karen , Bannister Neil 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCOVID-19 mortality risk is associated with demographic and behavioural factors; furthermore, religious gatherings have been linked with the spread of COVID-19. We sought to understand the variation in risk of COVID-19-related death across religious groups in England and Wales both before and after the first national lockdown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of usual residents in England and Wales enumerated at the 2011 Census (n=47 873 294, estimated response rate 94%) for risk of death involving COVID-19 using linked death certificates. Cox regression models were estimated to compare risks between religious groups. Time-dependent coefficients were added to the model allowing HRs before and after lockdown period to be estimated separately.ResultsCompared with Christians, all religious groups had an elevated risk of death involving COVID-19; the largest age-adjusted HRs were for Muslim and Jewish males at 2.5 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.7) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.5), respectively. The corresponding HRs for Muslim and Jewish females were 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.1) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.1), respectively. The difference in risk between groups contracted after lockdown. Those who affiliated with no religion had the lowest risk of COVID-19-related death before and after lockdown.ConclusionThe majority of the variation in COVID-19 mortality risk was explained by controlling for sociodemographic and geographic determinants; however, those of Jewish affiliation remained at a higher risk of death compared with all other groups. Lockdown measures were associated with reduced differences in COVID-19 mortality rates between religious groups; further research is required to understand the causal mechanisms.
Effect of familial clustering in the genetic screening of 235 French ALS families
Authors: Corcia Philippe , Camu William , Brulard Celine , Marouillat Sylviane , Couratier Philippe , Camdessanché Jean-Philippe , Cintas Pascal , Verschueren Annie , Soriani Marie-Helene , Desnuelle Claude , Fleury Marie-Céline , Guy Nathalie , Cassereau Julien , Viader Fausto , Pittion-Vouyovitch Sophie , Danel Veronique , Kolev Ivan , Le Masson Gwendal , Beltran Stephane , Salachas Francois , Bernard Emilien , Pradat Pierre-François , Blasco Hélène , Lanznaster Débora , Hergesheimer Rudolph , Laumonnier Frederic , Andres Christian R , Meininger Vincent , Vourc'h Patrick 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesTo determine whether the familial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases and the phenotype of the disease may help identify the pathogenic genes involved.MethodsWe conducted a targeted next-generation sequencing analysis on 235 French familial ALS (FALS), unrelated probands to identify mutations in 30 genes linked to the disease. The genealogy, that is, number of cases and generations with ALS, gender, age, site of onset and the duration of the disease were analysed.ResultsRegarding the number of generations, 49 pedigrees had only one affected generation, 152 had two affected generations and 34 had at least three affected generations. Among the 149 pedigrees (63.4%) for which a deleterious variant was found, an abnormal G4C2 expansion in C9orf72 was found in 98 cases as well as SOD1, TARBP or FUS mutations in 30, 9 and 7 cases, respectively. Considering pedigrees from the number of generations, abnormal G4C2 expansion in C9orf72 was more frequent in pedigrees with pairs of affected ALS cases, which represented 65.2% of our cohort. SOD1 mutation involved all types of pedigrees. No TARDBP nor FUS mutation was present in monogenerational pedigrees. TARDBP mutation predominated in bigenerational pedigrees with at least three cases and FUS mutation in multigenerational pedigrees with more than seven cases, on average, and with an age of onset younger than 45 years.ConclusionOur results suggest that familial clustering, phenotypes and genotypes are interconnected in FALS, and thus it might be possible to target the genetic screening from the familial architecture and the phenotype of ALS cases.
Factors associated with syphilis seroprevalence in women with and at-risk for HIV infection in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (1994–2015)
Authors: Aaron Kristal J , Brill Ilene , Causey-Pruitt Zenoria , Murphy Kerry , Augenbraun Michael , Kassaye Seble , Milam Joel E , Seidman Dominika , French Audrey L , Gange Stephen J , Adimora Adaora A , Sheth Anandi N , Fischl Margaret A , Van Der Pol Barbara , Marrazzo Jeanne , Kempf Mirjam-Colette , Dionne-Odom Jodie 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveSyphilis rates among women in the USA more than doubled between 2014 and 2018. We sought to identify correlates of syphilis among women enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) to inform targeted interventions.MethodsThe retrospective cross-sectional analysis of secondary data included women with HIV or at-risk of HIV who enrolled in the multisite US WIHS cohort between 1994 and 2015. Syphilis screening was performed at baseline. Infection was defined serologically by a positive rapid plasma reagin test with confirmatory treponemal antibodies. Sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics stratified by baseline syphilis status were compared for women enrolled during early (1994–2002) and recent (2011–2015) years. Multivariable binomial modelling with backward selection (p>0.2 for removal) was used to model correlates of syphilis.ResultsThe study included 3692 women in the early cohort and 1182 women in the recent cohort. Syphilis prevalence at enrolment was 7.5% and 3.7% in each cohort, respectively (p<0.01). In adjusted models for the early cohort, factors associated with syphilis included age, black race, low income, hepatitis C seropositivity, drug use, HIV infection and >100 lifetime sex partners (all p<0.05). In the recent cohort, age (adjusted prevalence OR (aPOR) 0.2, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.6 for 30–39 years; aPOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.0 for 40–49 years vs ≥50 years), hepatitis C seropositivity (aPOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 4.1) and problem alcohol use (aPOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4) were associated with infection.ConclusionsSyphilis screening is critical for women with HIV and at-risk of HIV. Targeted prevention efforts should focus on women with hepatitis C and problem alcohol use.
Heated tobacco product use and combustible cigarette smoking relapse/initiation among former/never smokers in Japan: the JASTIS 2019 study with 1-year follow-up
Authors: Matsuyama Yusuke , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundUse of heated tobacco products (HTPs), which were first launched in Japan, has been rapidly spreading worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate whether HTP use was associated with combustible cigarette smoking relapse/initiation among former/never combustible cigarette smokers.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted by analysing two waves of data from the Japan ‘Society and New Tobacco’ Internet Survey. Among the 7766 never/former combustible cigarette smokers who answered the baseline survey in 2019, 5947 (follow-up rate: 76.6%) responded to the follow-up survey in 2020 (age range 18–73 years old; 50.5% men). The association between HTP use and combustible smoking after 1 year was investigated by multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf the respondents, 308 (5.2%) used HTPs at baseline. One year later, 97 (1.7%) non-HTP users and 39 (12.7%) HTP users were smoking combustible cigarettes. Among former smokers who had quit for 1 year or more and among never smokers, HTP use was significantly associated with combustible cigarette smoking 1 year later (OR=2.80, 95% CI 1.42 to 5.52 and OR=9.95, 95% CI 3.39 to 29.16, respectively), while the association was not significant among former smokers who recently quit.ConclusionHTP use was associated with relapse/initiation of combustible cigarette smoking after 1 year. The risks of HTP use, including subsequent combustible smoking, should be carefully monitored.
Elliptic flow of hadrons in equal-velocity quark combination mechanism in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Song Jun , Li Hai-hong , Shao Feng-lan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe apply a quark combination model with equal-velocity combination (EVC) approximation to study the elliptic flow ($$v_{2}$$

v
2

) of hadrons in heavy-ion collisions in a wide collision energy range ($$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$$

s

NN

=

27–5020 GeV). Utilizing the simple relationship between $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of hadrons and those of quarks under EVC, we find that $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of up/down quarks obtained by experimental data of proton is consistent with that obtained by data of $$\varLambda $$
Λ
and $$\varXi $$
Ξ
. $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of strange quarks obtained by data of $$\varOmega $$
Ω
is consistent with that obtained by data of $$\varLambda $$
Λ
and $$\varXi $$
Ξ
, and at RHIC energies it is also consistent with that obtained by data of $$\phi $$
ϕ
. This means that $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of these hadrons have a common quark-level source. Using data of $$D^0$$

D
0

, we obtain $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of charm quarks with $$p_T\lesssim 6$$

p
T

≲
6

GeV/c. We find that under EVC charm quark dominates $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of D mesons at low $$p_{T}$$

p
T

but light-flavor quarks significantly contribute to $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of D mesons in the range $$3\lesssim p_{T}\lesssim 8$$

3
≲

p
T

≲
8

GeV/c. We predict $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of charmed baryons $$\varLambda _{c}^{+}$$

Λ

c

+

and $$\varXi _{c}^{0}$$

Ξ

c

0

which show a significant enhancement at intermediate $$p_{T}$$

p
T

due to the double contribution of light-flavor quarks. The properties of the obtained quark $$v_{2}$$

v
2

under EVC are studied and a regularity for $$v_{2}$$

v
2

of quarks as the function of $$p_{T}/m$$

p
T

/
m

is found.
A new equation for period vectors of crystals under external stress and temperature in statistical physics: mechanical equilibrium condition and equation of state
Authors: Liu Gang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStarting with the rigorous derivation of the work done on the center cell by external forces, a new equation is derived for the period vectors (cell edge vectors) in crystals under external stress and temperature. Since the equation is based on the principles of statistical physics, it applies to both classical and quantum systems. The existing theory for crystals under external pressure is covered as a special case. The new equation turns out to be the mechanical equilibrium condition and the equation of state for crystals under external stress and temperature. It may be used to predict crystal structures and to study structural phase transitions and crystal expansions. For linear elastic crystals, it takes the microscopic and temperature-dependent form of the generalized Hooke’s law, and may therefore be used to calculate the corresponding elastic constants. It should be helpful in studying piezoelectric and piezomagnetic materials, as the period vectors change with external stress. It is also consistent and can be combined with the previously derived corresponding one for Newtonian dynamics.
Survivin Regulates Bad Gene Expression by Binding to Its Promoter and Modulates Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in Esophageal Carcinoma Cell
Authors: Chen Yan , Bieerkehazhi Shayahati , Li Xiumei , Ma Lili , Yibulayin Waresijiang , Ran Jihua 
Published: January 2021

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most prevalent cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. As an antiapoptotic and a proapoptotic protein, respectively, survivin and Bad play an important role in carcinogenesis of the most human cancers including EC. However, the regulatory relationships between them remain unclear. We sought to investigate the effects of survivin knockdown and overexpression on the expression of Bad gene, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cell. The mRNA expression levels of survivin and Bad were determined in EC tissue samples. The knockdown and overexpression experiments were performed in ECA109 and KYSE450 cells via transfection with survivin overexpression and shRNA plasmids. A Bad overexpression experiment was conducted to confirm the biological effect on knockdown of survivin via modulating Bad expression. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was conducted to determine the binding sites of survivin on the promoter of Bad gene. By analyzing the mRNA expression of survivin and Bad in 40 ESCC patient specimens, we found that the positive expression rate of survivin in tumor tissues (88%, 35/40) was remarkably high, compared with the distal nontumor tissues (48%, 19/40,

p

< 0.01). On the other hand, the positive expression rate of Bad in tumor tissues (70%, 28/40) was remarkably low, compared with the distal nontumor tissues (95%, 38/40,

p

< 0.01). Overexpression of survivin decreases Bad mRNA and protein expression and promotes transformation of cell cycle to S phase. Conversely, knockdown of survivin increases Bad mRNA and protein expression and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Bad overexpression inducing apoptosis of esophageal carcinoma cell shows the similar apoptotic effect with survivin knockdown. ChIP assays indicate that survivin directly binds to the Bad promoter region, diminishing the transcriptional activity of Bad. In conclusion, the result suggested that survivin regulates Bad gene expression by binding to its promoter and modulates cell cycle and apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cell.