bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect effects of weeds on rice plants via shared heteropteran herbivores
Authors: Shimada Naoto , Sugiura Shinji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn agricultural ecosystems, weeds indirectly affect crops via phytophagous insects that feed on both weeds and crops. In paddy fields, heteropteran insects are among the most serious pests of rice plants. In some heteropterans, the proboscis is used to suck rice ears, inducing black spots on the grains (i.e., pecky rice). Even a low proportion of pecky rice (>0.1%) significantly decreases the market price of rice; in Japan, this problem has led to severe economic losses. Because heteropterans feed on the reproductive organs of weeds as well as rice plants, various weeds that grow around paddy fields may increase the populations of heteropterans that cause pecky rice. To clarify which types of weeds can be used by heteropterans causing pecky rice, we investigated the interactions between plants (including rice plants) and heteropterans in an agricultural landscape in Hyogo, Japan. We observed 833 individuals of 27 heteropteran species (13 families) feeding on the reproductive organs of 35 plant species (Poales: three families) including rice plants from June to October 2019. All heteropteran species were native, whereas six of 35 plant species were non‐native. We found 12 heteropteran species on rice plants; nine of the 12 heteropteran species fed on weeds (a total of 32 species) as well as rice plants, whereas the other three species fed exclusively on rice plants. Heteropterans fed on native weeds throughout the growing seasons (June–October), but on non‐native weeds only before rice plants bloomed (June–July). Therefore, diverse weed species that grow around paddy fields are food resources for heteropteran insects and they might indirectly increase the incidence of pecky rice.
Seasonal monitoring of Drosophila suzukii and its non‐crop hosts in Wuhu, Eastern China
Authors: Chen Yongzhuo , Li Qin , Li Jing , Pan Deng , Hu Wei , Liu Pengcheng , Hu Haoyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a serious pest that prefers fresh fruits and is native to Southeast Asia. In our study, apple cider vinegar bait traps were used to capture and monitor the population dynamics of this native pest in Wuhu City, China, from May/June 2017 to May 2018. The research was conducted at 15 locations in two fruit orchards in Wuhu. Traps caught more adults in general in a Meiling blueberry orchard than in a Xicun mixed orchard, and the highest trap counts occurred near harvest time (October). Females had more mature eggs from September to November, and the number of mature eggs declined thereafter. We found several non‐crop hosts, which can provide food and reproductive resources for D. suzukii and are common in forests and field margins. By comparing the number of captured adults in the Meiling and Xicun orchards, we found that blueberry was preferred by D. suzukii among the fruits in our search. Fruit ripening times differed among crops; therefore, fly populations moved between crop and non‐crop habitats during the year or had varying population dynamics on different crops in different seasons. The D. suzukii population and the number of mature eggs decreased in summer and winter but increased in spring and autumn. Drosophila suzukii had higher survival rates with blueberry than those with other fruits, and D. suzukii could use four non‐crop species growing around the orchards as host plants.
Utility of DNA barcoding in native Oreochromis species
Authors: Mojekwu Tonna O. , Cunningham Michael J. , Bills Roger I. , Pretorius Petrus C. , Hoareau Thierry B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe importance of Oreochromis in worldwide aquaculture and regional fisheries motivates the study of their genetic diversity in their native range. In this article, all mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) sequences of Oreochromis species are retrieved from Barcode of Life Data system to quantify the available DNA barcoding information from wild individuals collected within the native ranges of the respective species. It is found that 70% of the known species in the genus still lack a COI barcode, and only 15% of the available sequences are from within the respective native ranges. Many of the available sequences have been produced from specimens acquired from aquaculture and introduced, naturalized populations, making the assessment of variation within the original native range challenging. Analyses of the wild‐collected fraction of available sequences indicated the presence of cryptic lineages within Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O. schwebischi, the occurrence of potential introgressive hybridization between O. niloticus and blue tilapia O. aureus, and potential ancestral polymorphism between Karonga tilapia O. karongae and black tilapia O. placidus. This article also reports a case of misidentification of O. mweruensis as longfin tilapia O. macrochir. These results stress the importance of improving the knowledge of genetic variation within the native ranges of Oreochromis species for better‐informed conservation of these natural resources.
Variations in mucous cell numbers in gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presmolt in commercial freshwater farms in Norway
Authors: Persson David , Bjørgen Håvard , Figenschou Alexander , Hillestad Linn‐Anett , Koppang Erling Olaf , Nødtvedt Ane , Stormoen Marit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFish gills are heavily exposed to the external milieu and may react against irritants with different cellular responses. We describe variations in mucous cell counts in gills from healthy Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presmolts in five recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) farms and one flow‐through farm. Based on certain criteria, mucous cells were histologically quantified in a defined lamellar region of the gills and the counts were analysed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to investigate epithelial responses. The median number of total mucous cells in the defined region was 59 per fish. Between the farms, the medians varied from 31 to 101 with the lowest in the flow‐through farm. A regression model was fitted with “total mucous cells” as the dependent variable and with “fish length” and “fish farm” as independent variables. The proportion of variation in mucous cell counts explained by the model was twice as high when “fish farm” was included compared to only “fish length.” IHC revealed proliferative responses in coherence with high mucous cell numbers. Conclusively, the variation in mucous cell counts depends on combined farm‐related factors. Establishing a baseline for mucous cell counts is fundamental in the development of high‐throughput monitoring programmes of gill health in farmed fish.
Ultrastructural evidence for telocytes in equine tendon
Authors: Luesma María J. , Cantarero Irene , Sánchez‐Cano Ana I. , Rodellar Clementina , Junquera Concepción 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe three‐dimensional ultrastructure of the tendon is complex. Two main cell types are classically supported: elongated tenocytes and ovoid tenoblasts. The existence of resident stem/progenitor cells in human and equine tendons has been demonstrated, but their location and relationship to tenoblasts and tenocytes remain unclear. Hence, in this work, we carried out an ultrastructural study of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon. Although the fine structure of tendons has been previously studied using electron microscopy, the presence of telocytes, a specific type of interstitial cell, has not been described thus far. We show the presence of telocytes in the equine inter‐fascicular tendon matrix near blood vessels. These telocytes have characteristic telopodes, which are composed of alternating dilated portions (podoms) and thin segments (podomers). Additionally, we demonstrate the presence of the primary cilium in telocytes and its ability to release exosomes. The location of telocytes is similar to that of tendon stem cells. The telocyte–blood vessel proximity, the presence of primary immotile cilia and the release of exosomes could have special significance for tendon homeostasis.
The prevalence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism in the Dutch adolescent population
Authors: Wetselaar Peter , Vermaire Erik J. H. , Lobbezoo Frank , Schuller Annemarie A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of awake bruxism and sleep bruxism in the Dutch adolescent population.Materials and MethodsAs part of a large epidemiologic survey on oral health of the general Dutch adolescent population in 2017, a total of 920 subjects were asked about their bruxism behaviour during daytime and during sleep. The collected data were subjected to stratified analysis by two age groups (for 17 and 23 years, respectively), gender and socio‐economic status.ResultsA prevalence of 4.1% and 4.2% was found for awake bruxism and of 7.6% and 13.2% for sleep bruxism. Women reported awake bruxism more often than men in the 17‐year‐old age group (5.0% and 3.2%, respectively), while in the 23‐year‐old age group it was the other way around (4.0% and 4.4%, respectively). Regarding sleep bruxism, women reported higher percentages than men in both age groups (7.8% versus 7.5% and 14.9% versus 11.5%, respectively). Concerning socio‐economic status (SES), awake bruxism was more often found in high SES groups (4.6% versus 3.7% and 4.9% versus 4.0% in both age groups, respectively) as well as for sleep bruxism in the 23‐year‐old group (16.5% versus 8.6%). In the 17‐year‐old group, sleep bruxism was more often reported in the low SES group (9.7% versus 5.3%).ConclusionsSleep bruxism is a common condition in the Dutch adolescent population, while awake bruxism is rarer.Clinical relevanceDental caregivers can use this information when negative healthcare outcomes are present amongst adolescents.
Integrating and differentiating personality and psychopathology in cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Sauer‐Zavala Shannon , Southward Matthew W. , Semcho Stephen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA large body of literature supports the strong association between personality features and psychopathology. This research has, however, had little influence on day‐to‐day therapeutic practice, particularly in cognitive behavioral approaches that have traditionally focused on addressing the symptoms of categorically defined diagnoses. Indeed, there are few CBT protocols aimed at altering the personality features. Recently, however, the CBT literature has displayed an increased focus on identifying alternative higher‐order, dimensional mechanisms that may underscore the development and maintenance of broad classes of psychopathology (e.g., aversive reactivity to emotions, reward sensitivity, and performance expectancies). There is ample evidence linking these processes to DSM disorder severity; however, they may also represent a functional link between the personality domains and the disorder symptoms organized beneath them. The functional mechanisms through which an individual's personality confers risk for psychopathology may be naturally amenable to cognitive behavioral elements, and targeting these processes in treatment has the potential to address both disorder symptoms and underlying personality vulnerabilities. Thus, the identification of intermediate functional mechanisms may help bridge the gap between personality science and clinical practice.
Neural Correlates of Conflicting Social Influence on Adolescent Risk Taking
Authors: Kwon Seh‐Joo , Do Kathy T. , McCormick Ethan M. , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: October 2020

Adolescence is often characterized by heightened risk‐taking behaviors, which are shaped by social influence from parents and peers. However, little is understood about how adolescents make risky decisions under conflicting influence. The valuation system in the brain may elucidate how adolescents differentially integrate conflicting social information. Twenty‐eight adolescents (Mage = 12.7 years) completed a social influence task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Behaviorally, adolescents took more risks only when their parent endorsed risky decisions but not when their peers endorsed risky decisions. At the neural level, adolescents showed enhanced vmPFC–striatum functional connectivity when they made risky decisions that followed their parents’ risky decisions. Results suggest that parents’ decisions may guide youths’ risk‐taking behavior under conflicting influence.
Impact of weight and disability status on bullying victimisation and perpetration among youth
Authors: Haegele Justin A , Aigner Carrie , Healy Sean 
Published: October 2020

AimThe purpose of this analysis was to examine the influence of weight and disability status on rates of bullying victimisation and perpetration among youth.MethodsData from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, which included 2716 youth (aged 10–17) with and 23 195 without disabilities in the USA were utilised. Parent‐reported measures of height and weight, bullying perpetration and victimisation, and demographic covariates analysed. Descriptive statistics, and multivariable logistic regressions with outcomes of bullying perpetration and victimisation, were generated.ResultsIn the multivariate analysis, overweight (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.52), obesity (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.83–2.77) and having a disability (aOR = 3.25, 95% CI 2.69–3.92) were related to greater odds of bully victimisation. Both obesity (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.10–2.74) and disability (aOR = 2.74, 95% CI 2.00–3.75) were also related to greater odds of bully perpetration in the multivariate model; overweight status was not related to bully perpetration.ConclusionsWeight status was identified as a characteristic that may increase the risk of bullying victimisation, above and beyond disability. This analysis helps identify that youth with disabilities who are overweight or obese have greater risk factors for bullying and are in need of interventions to ameliorate bullying.
Effects of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in rabbits
Authors: Elazab Sara T. , Hsu Walter H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the influence of verapamil‐mediated inhibition of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (IVM) given orally and subcutaneously (SC) to rabbits. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were allotted to 4 groups (n = 5) and received IVM either orally or SC (0.4 mg/kg) alone or co‐administered with verapamil (2 mg/kg SC, 3 times at a 12‐hr interval). Plasma, fecal, and urine samples were collected over 30 days after medication to assess IVM concentrations in these samples. No significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of IVM between oral and SC administrations. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve was higher (p < .05) after IVM (oral)/verapamil treatment, compared with oral IVM alone. Moreover, the time to the Cmax of IVM was shorter (p < .05), whereas the elimination half‐life and the mean residence time were longer (p < .05) in the presence of verapamil. The IVM/verapamil combination administered orally or SC reduced fecal IVM concentrations, compared with IVM alone. In conclusion, the significant changes by verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of IVM, likely due to the inhibition of a P‐gp‐mediated intestinal secretion, may change IVM’s antinematodal activity.
Standard trees versus underwood: Historical patterns of tree taxon occurrence in coppice forests
Authors: Szabó Péter , Hédl Radim , Šipoš Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuestionsCoppice woods were once widespread in Europe. It is usually assumed that underwood tree taxon composition was not directly influenced by people, whereas especially Quercus was promoted among standard trees. However, no work has quantitatively tested these assumptions. Our main question was whether there were any patterns in our data to suggest that certain trees occurred more frequently as standards than as underwood, possibly as a result of management decisions.LocationCzech Republic.MethodsWe constructed a database covering 12,000 hectares of forests around AD 1900. We recorded the occurrence of tree taxa for standards and underwood in 1,507 compartments in 21 forest units. We visualised patterns in these data by bar graphs and chord diagrams. We analysed correlation patterns through association analysis and co‐correspondence analysis.ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between the occurrences of standards and underwood in individual compartments for Quercus, Alnus, Carpinus, Fagus, Larix, Populus tremula and Tilia. Only Quercus standards and underwood showed a positive association. The taxon composition of standards and underwood in forest compartments was statistically significantly correlated.ConclusionsNo simple answer can be given to the question whether or not the taxon composition of standards and underwood in coppice woods differed as a result of management. At the level of individual tree taxa, some trees were more common as standards while others, as underwood. However, the prevalence of Quercus among standards was not confirmed because in our study area Quercus was a common underwood tree as well. At the same time, no significant differences were apparent in the taxon composition of standards and underwood in individual forest compartments. It seems difficult to differentiate between the effects of human selection and indirect selection through natural properties and environmental factors. Our results also highlight the need to carefully consider the properties of written historical sources.
Rainforest pythons flexibly adjust foraging ecology to exploit seasonal concentrations of prey
Authors: Natusch D. J. D. , Lyons J. A. , Shine R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe availability of prey varies through time and space, forcing predators to modify the times, places and ways in which they forage. Although studied most intensively in mammalian and avian predators, seasonal shifts in predation tactics are widespread in ectotherms also. In tropical rainforests of north‐eastern Australia, scrub pythons (Simalia amethistina) congregate below the emergent trees used as communal rookeries by metallic starlings (Aplonis metallica) for four months per year, but the snakes move more widely through the landscape during the remaining 8 months. Radio‐tracking of 23 pythons confirmed that the availability of nestling starlings (that often fall from the rookery trees) induces pythons to shift from ambush predation to active foraging, increases spatial concentration of pythons, reduces home‐range size and decreases daily distances moved. Pythons that utilized the starling colonies preyed almost exclusively on starlings during the nesting period, whereas those from the broader environment consumed a more diverse assemblage of prey. The ability to flexibly modify foraging tactics and spatial ecology in response to ephemeral concentrations of prey may be critical for many apex predators.
Benthic monitoring of oil and gas offshore platforms in the North Sea using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Mauffrey Florian , Cordier Tristan , Apothéloz‐Perret‐Gentil Laure , Cermakova Kristina , Merzi Thomas , Delefosse Matthieu , Blanc Philippe , Pawlowski Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince 2010, considerable efforts have been undertaken to monitor the environmental status of European marine waters and ensuring the development of methodological standards for the evaluation of this status. However, the current routine biomonitoring implicates time‐consuming and costly manual sorting and morphological identification of benthic macrofauna. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding represents an alternative to the traditional monitoring method with very promising results. Here, we tested it further by performing eDNA metabarcoding of benthic eukaryotic communities in the vicinity of two offshore oil and gas platforms in the North Sea. Three different genetic markers (18S V1V2, 18S V9 and COI) were used to assess the environmental pressures induced by the platforms. All markers showed patterns of alpha and beta diversity consistent with morphology‐based macrofauna analyses. In particular, the communities' structure inferred from metabarcoding and morphological data significantly changed along distance gradients from the platforms. The impact of the operational discharges was also detected by the variation of biotic index values, AMBI index showing the best correlation between morphological and eDNA data sets. Finally, the sediment physicochemical parameters were used to build a local de novo pressure index that served as benchmark to test the potential of a taxonomy‐free approach. Our study demonstrates that metabarcoding approach outperforms morphology‐based approach and can be used as a cost and time‐saving alternative solution to the traditional morphology‐based monitoring in order to monitor more efficiently the impact of industrial activities on marine biodiversity.
A case of Kii amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex presenting as progressive parkinsonism with corresponding tau imaging
Authors: Ohta Yasuyuki , Shimada Hitoshi , Ikegami Ken , Tsunoda Keiichiro , Hishikawa Nozomi , Yamashita Toru , Takemoto Mami , Omote Yoshio , Tagai Kenji , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Higuchi Makoto , Abe Koji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS/PDC), frequently observed in the Kii peninsula of Japan, is pathologically characterized by widespread tau pathology in the cerebrum and brainstem. Here, we report a case of Kii ALS/PDC predominantly presenting progressive parkinsonism. Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with 18F‐PM‐PBB3 suggested tau deposition in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and subcortical areas, but not in the cerebral cortex, which was similar to progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), suggesting that parkinsonism‐predominant type of Kii ALS/PDC may have a similar area of tau deposition to PSP.
Regional anesthesia in neonates and infants outside the immediate perioperative period: A systematic review of studies with efficacy and safety considerations
Authors: Relland Lance M. , Neel Mary Lauren , Gehred Alison , Maitre Nathalie L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis review examines the quality and quantity of literature regarding methods that measure efficacy in the context of reported safety of regional anesthesia techniques in preterm and term infants <1 year of age. Because the role of anesthesiologists continues to expand outside the operating room, we focused on all relevant settings with assessments that extend beyond 24 hours from the intraoperative period. All study designs were included from a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from 1946 to the end of 2019. A total of 31 studies were included (n = 1038 participants), consisting of five randomized controlled trials and 26 observational studies. Twenty‐three studies examined neuraxial procedures, seven studies examined peripheral procedures, and one study examined both. Efficacy measures included pain assessment tools, analgesic use, and factors pertaining to the recovery of patients. Safety was assessed in multiple systems (neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, pathological) and with vital signs and/or measures of systemic toxicity. Evidence in this review establishes that neuraxial and peripheral anesthesia treatments may be applied to neonates and infants with a high degree of safety. However, large gaps in the consistency of methods used to assess pain in these studies underline the need for rigorous prospective efficacy studies of these techniques in this population. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018114466).