bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Vascular Structure of Caudal and Dorsal Fins of a Dwarf Sperm Whale
Authors: Okamura Taro , Smith Ashley R. , Mikami Tomoyuki , Nishimura Futaba , Shirakata Chika , Yasui Kensuke , Asakawa Shuichi , Yoda Ken 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have described two distinct vascular systems in cetacean fins. However, these studies have been limited to Delphinoidea species, with little information on their three‐dimensional structures. In this study, the anatomical analysis of the caudal and dorsal fins of a dwarf sperm whale was conducted using X‐ray computed tomography and gross dissection with staining, providing the first confirmation of the two vascular systems in the fins of the family Kogiidae. This finding suggested that these vascular systems are common across Odontoceti species. In addition, we observed unique three‐dimensional structures in the superficial veins, which formed a reticulate pattern in both fins and converged at the centerline at the base of the dorsal fin, potentially influencing individual's heat reduction capabilities.
A comprehensive review on types and properties of biopolymers as sustainable bio‐based alternatives for packaging
Authors: Dutta Ditimoni , Sit Nandan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiopolymers, derived from renewable resources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional petroleum‐based polymers. The review examines the key characteristics of biopolymers, including their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and potential for carbon neutrality. These characteristics are crucial for determining their suitability for different packaging applications and their potential to reduce environmental pollution. While acknowledging the promise of biopolymers, the review also addresses challenges such as production costs, scalability issues, and performance limitations. Strategies to enhance biopolymer performance, including plasticization, blending, and nanomaterial reinforcement, are discussed. Interestingly, the review highlights the emerging field of active and intelligent packaging systems, which incorporate antimicrobial agents and sensors to extend shelf life and monitor food quality in real‐time. The review emphasizes the importance of life cycle assessments in evaluating the overall environmental impact of biopolymer‐based packaging compared to conventional alternatives. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the current state of biopolymer research and identifies areas for future investigation. By synthesizing current knowledge, identifying challenges, and highlighting opportunities, this review contributes to ongoing efforts to create a more sustainable and circular packaging industry.
Development of a Safe and Efficient Continuous Flow Method for the Synthesis of 3‐Difluoromethoxypyridine Derivatives
Authors: Lehmann Hansjoerg , Ruppen Thomas , Oswald Susanne , Ye Ning , Tian Xiangguang , Gu Xingxian , Dai Chunhui , Fairhurst Robin A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of a safe, efficient and scalable continuous‐flow‐chemistry protocol for the O‐difluoromethylation of two 3‐hydroxypyridine building blocks is described. This example highlights that continuous flow chemistry has become firmly established within Novartis Biomedical Research, and when implemented appropriately can enable the continuous supply of material from the first realization of a potentially interesting intermediate within a discovery project all the way through to clinical evaluation.
Zoledronic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing Macrophage NLRP3‐Mediated Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Cheng Yuting , Liu Guanjuan , Huang Xiaolin , Xiong Yue , Song Na , An Zheqing , Hong Wei , Leethanakul Chidchanok , Samruajbenjakun Bancha , Liao Jian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionInflammatory factors leading to bone loss significantly increase the risk of tooth loosening or implantation failure. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a widely used medication for effectively inhibiting excessive bone destruction, but its effect on alleviating inflammatory bone loss remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether ZOL alleviates inflammatory bone resorption through immunomodulatory effect.MethodsThe viability of the cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay. Osteoclast (OC) differentiation and function were determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and bone resorption pits assays, respectively. Autophagosomes and actin ring structures of OC were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and F‐actin ring staining, respectively. The microstructure in mice maxillary alveolar bone model was observed by micro computed tomography (Miro‐CT). Reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) to detect the mRNA expression of osteoclast‐related genes and Western blot (WB) analysis to evaluate the protein expression levels of autophagy‐related proteins and the NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3)‐related proteins in pre‐OCs.ResultsThe findings indicated that ZOL hindered lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated OC differentiation, formation, bone resorption activity and autophagosome levels. Furthermore, ZOL diminished the expression of genes associated with OC. And the expression of proteins ATG7, LC3II, Beclin1, NLRP3‐related proteins and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) protein were markedly decreased while P62 was increased, especially in the 1 μM ZOL group or MCC950 + ZOL group.ConclusionsZOL has a certain immunomodulatory effect that exhibits anti‐inflammatory properties at lower concentrations, which can weaken LPS‐induced OCs differentiation and function, and NLRP3‐mediated autophagy pathway may participate in this process.
A Longitudinal Analysis Comparing the Mental Health of Children By Level of Young Carer Status
Authors: Janes Ed , Melendez‐Torres G. J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionYoung carers research has predominantly focused on the experiences of children who often provide substantial levels of care for family members, and the impacts of this caring on their lives. While quantitative studies of prevalence have increased, there have been increasing calls for cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies of young carers relative to children without caring responsibilities, to strengthen and challenge the existing evidence on impact.Methods/MaterialsThe study utilized the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England: Next Steps (LSYPE), a cohort study of over 12,500 children aged 13 in 2004. The data set enabled the cross‐sectional and longitudinal study of young carers mental health relative to those without caring responsibilities. A descriptive analysis produced separate prevalence estimates for the whole young carer spectrum and those with more substantial responsibilities, and assessed caring impact on individual mental health aspects. This was a precursor to the structural equation modelling (SEM) of their overall mental health.ResultsThe findings highlighted the marginal or positive impacts of short‐term caring responsibilities, but also how mental health deteriorated over time. Both the short‐term benefits and long‐term deterioration of mental health was of a higher magnitude for those with more substantial responsibilities.ConclusionThe analysis of the larger young carer spectrum highlighted a diversity of positive and negative outcomes. While this was partly due to the size of the caring roles, duration of time in the carer role was a key factor in problematic caring roles.
Tuning Electronic Relaxation of Nanorings Through Their Interlocking
Authors: Alfonso‐Hernandez Laura , Freixas Victor M. , Gibson Tammie , Tretiak Sergei , Fernandez‐Alberti Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTElectronic and vibrational relaxation processes can be optimized and tuned by introducing alternative pathways that channel excess energy more efficiently. An ensemble of interacting molecular systems can help overcome the bottlenecks caused by large energy gaps between intermediate excited states involved in the relaxation process. By employing this strategy, catenanes composed of mechanically interlocked carbon nanostructures show great promise as new materials for achieving higher efficiencies in electronic devices. Herein, we perform nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics on different all‐benzene catenanes. We observe that catenanes experience faster relaxations than individual units. Coupled catenanes present overlapping energy manifolds that include several electronic excited states spatially localized on the different moieties, increasing the density of states that ultimately improve the efficiency in the energy relaxation. This result suggests the use of catenanes as a viable strategy for tuning the internal conversion rates in a quest for their utilization for new optoelectronic applications.
RRM2 Is a Putative Biomarker and Promotes Bladder Cancer Progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Guo Linfa , Zhao Yiqiao , Bai Xiaojie , Wang Xiaolong , Tuoheti Kuerban , Cao Yuanfei , Zuo Yingtong , Zhang Xinhua , Liu Tongzu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBladder cancer (BLCA) is the tenth most common cancer worldwide, characterized by its high recurrence and progression rates. Thus, identifying prognostic biomarkers and understanding its underlying mechanisms are imperative to enhance patient outcomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance, expression, functional activity, and underlying mechanisms of RRM2 in BLCA. RRM2 expression and its association with pathological grading and survival were investigated in samples from TCGA dataset and BLCA tissue microarray. CCK8 assays, colony formation assays, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to assess the role of RRM2 in BLCA cell proliferation and migration. Western blot was employed to investigate alterations in markers associated with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to investigate the biological processes associated with RRM2, which were subsequently validated. The expression of RRM2 was significantly elevated in both BLCA tissues and cells. Our results also indicated a positive correlation between RRM2 expression and high tumor stage, high tumor grade, and poor survival. Knockdown of RRM2 inhibited cell proliferation and migration of BLCA. RRM2 knockdown significantly induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Opposite results were observed in the RRM2 overexpression cells. Additionally, our study demonstrates that RRM2 promotes BLCA progression by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. RRM2 is remarkably correlated with poor prognosis in BLCA and facilitate its progression via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. It is suggested that RRM2 might become an effective prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for BLCA.
Drug‐induced liver injury from Deferasirox in a pediatric patient with hereditary spherocytosis: A case report
Authors: Talwar Siddhant , Rosenthal Blake , Vissa Madhav , Cort Kayla , Byers Joshua , Ali Sabina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPatients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) often require red blood cell transfusions for the treatment of hemolytic anemia. Iron overload is a known complication of frequent transfusions. Deferasirox, an oral iron chelator, can cause transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels. There have been a few cases demonstrating Deferasirox‐associated liver injury in patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. In this case report, we present a 13‐year‐old male with transfusion‐dependent HS treated with Deferasirox who presented with jaundice and was found to have evidence of acute hepatocellular injury.
Bloom compression alongside marine heatwaves contemporary with the Oregon upwelling season
Authors: Black Ian T. , Kavanaugh Maria T. , Reimers Clare E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMarine heatwave (MHW) events have led to acute decreases in primary production and phytoplankton biomass in the surface ocean, particularly at the mid latitudes. In the Northeast Pacific, these anomalous events have occasionally encroached onto the Oregon shelf during the ecologically important summer upwelling season. Increased temperatures reduce the density of offshore waters, and as a MHW is present offshore, coincident downwelling or relaxation may transport warmer waters inshore. As an event persists, new upwelling‐driven blooms may be prevented from extending further offshore. This work focuses on MHWs and coincident events that occurred off Oregon during the summers of 2015–2023. In late summer 2015 and 2019, both documented MHW years, coastal phytoplankton biomass extended on average 6 and 9 km offshore of the shelf break along the Newport Hydrographic Line, respectively. During years not influenced by anomalous warming, coastal biomass extended over 34 km offshore of the shelf break. Reduced biomass also occurs with reduced upwelling transport and nutrient flux during these anomalous warm periods. However, the enhanced front associated with a MHW aids in the compression of phytoplankton closer to shore. Over shorter events, heatwaves propagating far inshore also coincide with reduced chlorophyll a and sea‐surface density at select cross‐shelf locations, further supporting a physical displacement mechanism. Paired with the physiological impacts on communities, heatwave‐reinforced physical confinement of blooms over the inner‐shelf may have a measurable effect on the gravitational flux and alongshore transport of particulate organic carbon.
Setting the foundation for a national collaborative learning health system in acute TBI rehabilitation: CARE4TBI Year 1 experience
Authors: Beaulieu Cynthia L. , Bogner Jennifer , Swank Chad , Frey Kimberly , Ferraro Mary K. , Tefertiller Candace , Huerta Timothy R. , Corrigan John D. , Hade Erinn M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionA learning health system (LHS) approach is a collaborative model that continuously examines, evaluates, and re‐evaluates data eventually transforming it into knowledge. High quantity of high‐quality data are needed to establish this model. The purpose of this article is to describe the collaborative discovery process used to identify and standardize clinical data documented during daily multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation that would then allow access to these data to conduct comparative effectiveness research.MethodsCARE4TBI is a prospective observational research study designed to capture clinical data within the standard inpatient rehabilitation documentation workflow at 15 TBI Model Systems Centers in the US. Three groups of stakeholders guided project development: therapy representative work group (TRWG) consisting of frontline therapists from occupational, physical, speech‐language, and recreational therapies; rehabilitation leader representative group (RLRG); and informatics and information technology team (IIT). Over a 12‐month period, the three work groups and research leadership team identified the therapeutic components captured within daily documentation throughout the duration of inpatient TBI rehabilitation.ResultsData brainstorming among the groups created 98 distinct categories of data with each containing a range of data elements comprising a total of 850 discrete data elements. The free‐form data were sorted into three large categories and through review and discussion, reduced to two categories of prospective data collection—session‐level and therapy activity‐level data. Twelve session data elements were identified, and 54 therapy activities were identified, with each activity containing discrete sub‐categories for activity components, method of delivery, and equipment or supplies. A total of 561 distinct meaningful data elements were identified across the 54 activities.DiscussionThe CARE4TBI data discovery process demonstrated feasibility in identifying and capturing meaningful high quantity and high‐quality treatment data across multiple disciplines and rehabilitation sites, setting the foundation for a LHS coalition for acute traumatic brain injury rehabilitation.
Designed, Programmable Protein Cages Utilizing Diverse Metal Coordination Geometries Show Reversible, pH‐Dependent Assembly
Authors: Osiński Norbert , Majsterkiewicz Karolina , Pakosz‐Stępień Zuzanna , Azuma Yusuke , Biela Artur P. , Gaweł Szymon , Heddle Jonathan G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rational design and production of a novel series of engineered protein cages are presented, which have emerged as versatile and adaptable platforms with significant applications in biomedicine. These protein cages are assembled from multiple protein subunits, and precise control over their interactions is crucial for regulating assembly and disassembly, such as the on‐demand release of encapsulated therapeutic agents. This approach employs a homo‐undecameric, ring‐shaped protein scaffold with strategically positioned metal binding sites. These engineered proteins can self‐assemble into highly stable cages in the presence of cobalt or zinc ions. Furthermore, the cages can be disassembled on demand by employing external triggers such as chelating agents and changes in pH. Interestingly, for certain triggers, the disassembly process is reversible, allowing the cages to reassemble upon reversal or outcompeting of triggering conditions/agents. This work offers a promising platform for the development of advanced drug delivery systems and other biomedical applications.
Unlocking the Secrets of Insects: The Role of Mass Spectrometry to Understand the Life of Insects
Authors: Mayorga‐Martino Vanessa , Mansurova Madina , Calla‐Quispe Erika , Ibáñez Alfredo J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChemical signaling is crucial during the insect lifespan, significantly affecting their survival, reproduction, and ecological interactions. Unfortunately, most chemical signals insects use are impossible for humans to perceive directly. Hence, mass spectrometry has become a vital tool by offering vital insight into the underlying chemical and biochemical processes in various variety of insect activities, such as communication, mate recognition, mating behavior, and adaptation (defense/attack mechanisms), among others. Here, we review different mass spectrometry‐based strategies used to gain a deeper understanding of the chemicals involved in shaping the complex behaviors among insects and mass spectrometry‐based research in insects that have direct impact in global economic activities.
Probabilistic Assessment of Soil–Rock Mixture Slope Failure Considering Two‐Phase Rotated Anisotropy Random Fields
Authors: Qu Chuanxiang , Liu Yutong , Guo Haowen , Fang Hongjie , Cheng Kaihao , Yuan Haoran , Chen Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSoil–rock mixture (SRM) slopes consist of soils and rocks and are widely distributed globally. In addition to heterogeneity and discontinuity within SRM slopes, the inherent spatial variability can be observed in soil and rock properties. However, spatial variability in rock and soil properties and layouts has not been well considered in the stability analysis of SRM slopes. Additionally, SRM slopes commonly show a rotated anisotropic fabric pattern, while such fabric has rarely been accounted for in SRM slope stability analysis. In this study, a two‐phase rotated anisotropy random field simulation method is proposed to model these spatial variations simultaneously. The proposed approach is then integrated with the finite element method (FEM) to study the impacts of soil volume fraction and bedding dip angle (i.e., rotated anisotropy) on the probability of failure (pf) and failure mode of SRM slopes. It is found that considering only spatially varying layouts can underestimate pf by up to 97% compared to considering both spatially variable properties and layouts. The increase in soil volume fraction significantly improves pf and the likelihood of deep failure. The bedding dip angle greatly influences pf, yet deep failure remains dominant across different bedding dip angles. Furthermore, the failure mode of SRM slopes is more sensitive to the changes in soil volume fraction than to bedding dip angle.
Workplace Violence and Health Status of Female Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Alhalal Eman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAs a female‐dominant profession, nurses are at risk of workplace violence. However, the health outcomes of workplace violence among female nurses have been mostly studied in isolation from their history of lifetime violence experiences. Although social and organizational factors shape workplace violence, our understanding of its effects on female nurses' health is limited in different cultural contexts. This study examined how workplace violence affects the physical and mental health and the frequency of medication intake and sick leave of nurses employed in the Saudi healthcare system while controlling for the effect of lifetime violence experiences. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 340 female nurses working in tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Among the female nurses, 67.6% had experienced at least one act of workplace violence during the last 12 months. The highest level of workplace violence was recorded in nurses employed in psychiatric units. After controlling for the effect of child abuse and partner violence, workplace violence is associated with female nurses' physical health ( = 0.335, t(336) = 6.73, p < 0.001), mental health ( = 0.224, t(336) = 4.09, p < 0.001), medication intake ( = 0.240, t(336) = 4.45, p < 0.001), and frequency of sick leave days ( = 0.206, t(336) = 3.82, p < 0.001). The results indicate a need for a zero‐tolerance policy against workplace violence and multidimensional strategies to address the issue. Additionally, gender and multi‐component health interventions for female nurses who are survivors of violence are needed.