bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collection and Handling of Thoracic Small Biopsy and Cytology Specimens for Ancillary Studies: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians, Association for Molecular Pathology, American Society of Cytopathology, American Thoracic Society, Pulmonary Pathology Society, Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and Society of Thoracic Radiology
Authors: Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Dacic Sanja , Ghofrani Mohiedean , Illei Peter B. , Layfield Lester J. , Lee Christopher , Michael Claire W. , Miller Ross A. , Mitchell Jason W. , Nikolic Boris , Nowak Jan A. , Pastis Nicholas J. , Rauch Carol Ann , Sharma Amita , Souter Lesley , Billman Brooke L. , Thomas Nicole E. , VanderLaan Paul A. , Voss Jesse S. , Wahidi Momen M. , Yarmus Lonny B. , Gilbert Christopher R. 
Published: May 2020

Context.—The need for appropriate specimen use for ancillary testing has become more commonplace in the practice of pathology. This, coupled with improvements in technology, often provides less invasive methods of testing, but presents new challenges to appropriate specimen collection and handling of these small specimens, including thoracic small biopsy and cytology samples.Objective.—To develop a clinical practice guideline including recommendations on how to obtain, handle, and process thoracic small biopsy and cytology tissue specimens for diagnostic testing and ancillary studies.Methods.—The College of American Pathologists convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the literature and develop recommendations. Core needle biopsy, touch preparation, fine-needle aspiration, and effusion specimens with thoracic diseases including malignancy, granulomatous process/sarcoidosis, and infection (eg, tuberculosis) were deemed within scope. Ancillary studies included immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, mutational analysis, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and microbiologic studies routinely performed in the clinical pathology laboratory. The use of rapid on-site evaluation was also covered.Results.—Sixteen guideline statements were developed to assist clinicians and pathologists in collecting and processing thoracic small biopsy and cytology tissue samples.Conclusions.—Based on the systematic review and expert panel consensus, thoracic small specimens can be handled and processed to perform downstream testing (eg, molecular markers, immunohistochemical biomarkers), core needle and fine-needle techniques can provide appropriate cytologic and histologic specimens for ancillary studies, and rapid on-site cytologic evaluation remains helpful in appropriate triage, handling, and processing of specimens.
História da saúde no tempo presente: pandemias contemporâneas e o ofício dos historiadores [Entrevista]
Authors: Silva Helena da 
Published: May 2020

Entrevista com a professora Helena da Silva, da Universidade Nova de LisboaEntrevista concedida à Gabriela Lopes Batista e Dones Cláudio Janz Júnior, da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina.
Karakterisasi sekuen DNA gen mtCO-1 hama penggerek pucuk (Hypsipyla sp.) pada tanaman mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) di Kabupaten Minahasa dan Kota Tomohon Provinsi Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Manueke Jusuf , Sembiring Jefry , Tarore Dantje 
Published: May 2020

Hypsiphyla sp. termasuk Ordo Lepidoptera, Famili Pyralidae. Serangga ini merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King.). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui profil gen CO1 hama penggerek pucuk (Hypsipyla sp.) pada tanaman S. macrophylla di Kabupaten Minahasa dan Kota Tomohon, Provinsi Sulawersi Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu ekstraksi atau purifikasi double strands DNA (dsDNA) total, amplifikasi gen CO1 dengan metode PCR, visualisasi hasil PCR dengan atomatic electrophoresis qiagen, dan sekuensing. Data hasil sekuensing, yaitu konstruksi pohon filogeni dideskripsikan menurut cluster yang menggambarkan data molekuler setiap sampel. Hasil analisis perbedaan genetik antara Hypsipyla sp. asal Minahasa Utara dan Tomohon dengan H. robusta, yaitu 3,8%–4,4%. Hypsipyla sp. asal Minahasa Utara dan Tomohon dengan H. grandella, yaitu 9,0%–9,3%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa kekerabatan Hypsipyla sp. di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan Kota Tomohon lebih dekat kepada H. robusta daripada H. grandella. Hasil analisis cluster Hypsipyla sp. di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan Kota Tomohon yang dipetakan dalan konstruksi pohon filogeni menunjukkan bahwa Hypsipyla sp. di Kabupaten Mihasa Utara dan Kota Tomohon Provinsi Sulawesi Utara sudah berada atau membentuk clade terpisah dengan clade H. robusta dan H. grandella yang ada di Bank Gen.
Freud's Dream
Authors: Kitcher Patricia 
Published: May 2020

Freud's Dream provides an extended case study of the appeal and potential dangers of the interdisciplinary approach to theory construction now guiding cognitive science as well as a novel interpretation of Freud's own program.
Kitcher argues that Freud's grand scheme for psychoanalysis was nothing less than a blueprint for a complete interdisciplinary science of mind, that many of its strengths and weaknesses derived from that fact, and that Freud's errors are instructive for current work in cognitive science.
In particular, Kitcher maintains that Freud's metapsychology was not a dispensible theoretical superstructure but a set of directives for constructing a science of mind that would be firmly grounded in then current results in neurophysiology, evolutionary biology, psychology, psychiatry, and the social sciences. The collapse of psychoanalysis, Kitcher asserts, was due in large measure to fundamental changes in the sciences out of which Freud constructed his theories and his refusal to recognize the degree to which he had made psychoanalysis dependent on the results and assumptions of nineteenth-century science.
Bradford Books imprint
The Origins of Grammar
Authors: Hirsh-Pasek Kathy , Golinkoff Roberta M. 
Published: May 2020

How do children achieve adult grammatical competence? How do they induce syntactical rules from the bewildering linguistic input that surrounds them? The major debates in language acquisition theory today focus not on whether there are some sensitivities to syntactic information but rather which sensitivities are available to children and how they might be translated into the organizing principles that get syntactic learning off the ground.
The Origins of Grammar presents a synthesis of work done by the authors, who have pioneered one of the most important methodological advances in language learning in the past decade: the intermodal preferential looking paradigm, which can be used to assess lexical and syntactic knowledge in children as young as 13 months. In addition to drawing together their groundbreaking empirical work, the authors use these results to describe a theory of language learning that emphasizes the role of multiple cues and forces in development. They show how infants shift their reliance on different aspects of the linguistic input, moving from a bias to attend to prosodic information to a reliance on semantic information, and finally to a reliance on the syntax itself.
Viewing language acquisition as the product of a biased learner who takes advantage of the information available from a variety of sources in his or her environment, The Origins of Grammar provides a new way of thinking about the process of language comprehension. The analysis borrows insights from theories about the development of mental models, models of early cognitive development and systems theory, and is presented in a way that will be accessible to cognitive and developmental psychologists.
Bradford Books imprint
Ten Problems of Consciousness
Authors: Tye Michael 
Published: May 2020

Can neurophysiology ever reveal to us what it is like to smell a skunk or to experience pain? In what does the feeling of happiness consist? How is it that changes in the white and gray matter composing our brains generate subjective sensations and feelings? These are several of the questions that Michael Tye addresses, while formulating a new and enlightening theory about the phenomenal "what it feels like" aspect of consciousness. The test of any such theory, according to Tye, lies in how well it handles ten critical problems of consciousness.
Tye argues that all experiences and all feelings represent things, and that their phenomenal aspects are to be understood in terms of what they represent. He develops this representational approach to consciousness in detail with great ingenuity and originality. In the book's first part Tye lays out the domain, the ten problems and an associated paradox, along with all the theories currently available and the difficulties they face. In part two, he develops his intentionalist approach to consciousness. Special summaries are provided in boxes and the ten problems are illustrated with cartoons.
Bradford Books imprint
Identification of Meteorological Drought Characteristics and Drought Year Based on Rainfall Departure Analysis
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Panda Kanhu Charan , Nafil Mohammad , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: May 2020

Dholpur district is located in the semi-arid regions of Rajasthan. The region is affected due to unreliable rainfall pattern, which resulted in the development of a drought-like situation. The mean annual rainfall in the district is 596.76 mm. The present study has been conducted to identify drought-prone station, drought year and drought characteristics. Departure analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall helps to determine drought year and drought characteristics. The study shows that the region in under widespread drought condition in 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991, 2002, 2006, and 2007. The drought severity in the region was classified into four categories, namely extreme, severe, moderate and mild. Maximum extreme drought events occur in Baseri and Dholpur station. Urmilsagar station faced severe drought events 4 times followed by Rajakhera station with three times. Occurrences of moderate and mild drought events are frequent in the region. All the stations are drought-prone based on probability analysis of annual rainfall. Relative departure index (RDI) has been used to decide the relative drought proneness of the various station and based on which Dholpur station (RDI= 1.04) followed by Baseri station (RDI=1.0) are relatively higher drought-prone. The region faces natural water scarcity and droughts. Therefore effort is needed for drought preparedness, mitigation and management measures.
Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Irrigated and Reproductive Stage Drought Stress Condition
Authors: Perween Sadia , Kumar Anand , Adan Fariha , Kumar Jitesh , Raj Prince , Kumar Anil 
Published: May 2020

Aim: The current experiment was conducted to study correlation and path analysis among morphological traits and their contribution towards yield under irrigated and drought stress condition using forty eight diverse rice genotypes.
Study Design: The experiment was studied in three replications using Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out during Kharif 2018 at Rice Research Farm, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur), India.
Methodology: The experiment was conducted in two different sets; irrigated and drought stress condition. The yield and yield attributes were recorded under both the conditions to conduct the correlation and path analysis.
Results: The analysis of variance revealed that genotypes significantly varied in yield and yield related traits. In addition, growth and yield attributes such as effective tillers per hill, biological yield, harvest index (%) and number of fertile grains per panicle were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield per plant under irrigated as well as reproductive stage drought stress condition. It was observed that total number of grains per panicle, number of fertile grains per panicle and biological yield had high positive direct effect on grain yield per plant in both irrigated (control) as well stress condition, indicating true relationship of these characters with grain yield and direct selection for these characters will be rewarding. In rest of the characters studied, correlation was mainly due to indirect effects through component characters and hence indirect selection will lead to yield improvement in rice.
Conclusion: The potential for direct and indirect selection for reproductive stage drought stress tolerance using the associated characters may be useful to the breeder to formulate appropriate breeding plans for the selection of the genotype which tolerate high temperature condition.
Effect of Antiasthma Medication on Blood Eosinophil Count and Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Wani Wasim A. , A. Dar Sheeraz , Kawosa Khalid M. , Nazir Mudasir , Ahmad Ikhlas , Ahmed Asif 
Published: May 2020

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction.
Aims: The main objective of this study is to find the effect of antiasthma medication on serum IgE levels and blood eosinophil count.
Study Design: This randomized controlled trial study was performed in children aged 6-15 years of age, with clinically stable and moderate persistent asthma.
Results: The findings of this study indicate both group (Budesonide/formoterol group and budesonide group) patients experienced a significant decrease in serum IgE levels and blood eosinophil counts over the study period. However, the difference in two groups was not statistically significant.
Conclusions: Inhaled steroids are effective in controlling systemic inflammation in asthma as evidenced by a decrease in IgE levels and eosinophil counts. However addition of LABA doesn’t have any additive effect.
Toxicity of the Hydroethanolic Leaves Extract of Duranta erecta L. in Rat Models
Authors: Donkor Shadrack , Larbie Christopher , Komlaga Gustav , Emikpe Benjamin Obukowho 
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives: Duranta erecta is used in folklore medicine for the treatment of myriad of diseases in Africa. The study was carried out to evaluate the safety of hydroethanolic leaves extract of D. erecta in experimental rats in order to ascertain its potential toxic effects. Materials and Methods: The acute toxicity study was performed by fixed dose method at 5000 mg/kg. In the subacute study performed on both male and female rats, group I (control) received 1 mL of freshly distilled water, groups II, III, IV were treated with 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of freshly prepared extract respectively for 28 days. At the end of the study, haematological and biochemical parameters were determined. Internal organs (kidney, liver, lung, heart, spleen, stomach, testes and uterus) were weighed.
Results: 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be > 5 g/kg body weight. The subacute toxicity assessment resulted in overall body weight increase, a change in relative organ weight of the liver, lung, stomach, and changes in the haematological indices such as HCT%, LYM%, RDW- SD/fL, MCHC, MCV/fL, P-LCR% and biochemical parameters namely ALT, AST, LDH and creatinine of the tested group relative to the normal. The positive activity of the extract on liver enzymes and LDH is an indication of its good hepatoprotective potential.
Conclusion: The results affirmed that the extract is safe but could cause kidney problems when used for a prolonged period.
Quality Use of Medicines among Makkah Residents, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Radwan Rozan , Bokhari Somaiah , Albaz Saly , Algarni Azizah Ali , Elrggal Mahmoud E. , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Alqurashi Ashwaq 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Quality Use of Medicines (QUoM) is of utmost importance regarding the safety and overall healthcare of the consumers/patients. This study aimed to explore the general usage pattern and attitude of the Makkah community about the safe use of medicines i.e. QUoM.
Methods: Face to face interviews were done to administer questionnaires among patients from two hospitals and four primary care centers dealing with patients from rural and urban areas in the Holly Makkah region.
Results: A total of 554 patients were enrolled while the majority of them were lived in urban areas (n=457,82%). Around 419 (76%) responder were females and 531(96%) were living with their family and had up to college education (n=174,31%). We found that most of the respondents were diabetic (185,33%) and hypertensive (n=172,31%). Most of the patients (207,37%) stated that they preferred to get drug information from healthcare professionals.
Conclusion: This periodic mapping of appropriate medication usage among patients/consumers is indeed an important effort to explore issues on QUoM.
A Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Usage for Surgical Site Infections- A Pilot Perspective from Holy Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Faidah Hani Saleh , Al-Gethamy Manal , Alghamdi Saad , Barnawi Abrar Mohammed , Aljuhani Afnan Abid , Hareedi Haneen Smai , Basndwah Halimah Saeed , Malayou Randa Talat , Almotairi Reham Mohammed , Elahe Shuruq Sami , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the incidence, microbiological features and management of surgical site infections (SSIs).
Methodology: All patients in the surgical ward were followed from admissions until discharge during the study period. Only hospitalized patients with certain SSIs within 30 days of surgeries were included in the study.
Results: A total of 457 patients were followed during the study period. Interestingly, only 9 (1.9 %) of the patients developed SSIs. Most of the patients were males 6 (66.7%) and Saudi nationals 7 (77.8 %). The most common surgical procedures were laparoscopic and orthopedic surgeries with a similar rate of 3 (3.3 %).
Conclusion: This study revealed that the incidence of SSIs was quite lower at the hospital where the study was conducted and different types of antibiotics were used and recommended for prophylaxis.
Estimation of Minimally Important Differences and Patient Acceptable Symptom State Scores for the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Interference Short Form in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Katz Patricia , Kannowski Carol L. , Sun Luna , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveStudies have supported the validity of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference (PI) scale in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we characterize minimally important differences (MIDs) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) values.MethodsPROMIS PI scores were collected in four periods at 6‐month intervals from patients with RA (n > 3200 per period). Both anchor‐ and distribution‐based methods estimated MIDs. Anchors were pain comparisons, pain interference, and general health. Time responses for each anchor‐response group (four administrations, each with three change periods) were averaged. The mean changes of the “somewhat worse” and “somewhat better” groups were used as estimates for MID for worsening and improvement, respectively. Distribution‐based MID analyses used standardized error of measurement (SEM) and SD. PASS was estimated with the question “If your health was to remain for the rest of your life as it has been in the past 48 hours, would this be acceptable?” MIDs and PASS values were also estimated by baseline pain levels.ResultsAnchor‐based methods yielded estimates of 1.65 to 1.84 for worsening and −1.29 to −1.73 for improvement. The SEM estimate was 1.84. The PASS estimate for the entire group was 41.6. Substantial differences in MIDs and PASS were noted among baseline pain groups.ConclusionThe best estimate of a group‐level MID was approximately 2 points, similar to MIDs suggested in other conditions. The PASS value for the entire group was almost an SD better than the population mean. Results should enhance use of PROMIS PI in RA by facilitating interpretation of scores and changes.
Iridium(I) Complexes with Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Catalysts for H/D Exchange in Nonpolar Media
Authors: Koneczny Marvin , Phong Ho Luong , Nasr Alexandre , Freytag Matthias , Jones Peter G. , Tamm Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of neutral iridium(I) complexes of the general type [(WCA−NHC)]IrL(COD)] (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene; L=phosphine, pyridine), bearing anionic N‐heterocyclic carbenes (WCA−NHC) with a weakly coordinating anionic (WCA) borate moiety, were prepared by addition of phosphines and pyridine to [(WCA−NHC)]Ir(COD)], in which the available coordination site is stabilized by intramolecular metal‐arene interaction (π‐face donation). The solvent and substrate scope of the neutral complexes as catalysts for H/D exchange was investigated, revealing their suitability for promoting efficient deuteration in nonpolar solvents such as cyclohexane.magnified image
Programmable ROS‐Mediated Cancer Therapy via Magneto‐Inductions
Authors: Wu Jiaojiao , Ning Peng , Gao Rui , Feng Qishuai , Shen Yajing , Zhang Yifan , Li Yingze , Xu Chang , Qin Yao , Plaza Gustavo R. , Bai Qianwen , Fan Xing , Li Zhenguang , Han Yu , Lesniak Maciej S. , Fan Haiming , Cheng Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS), a group of oxygen derived radicals and derivatives, can induce cancer cell death via elevated oxidative stress. A spatiotemporal approach with safe and deep‐tissue penetration capabilities to elevate the intracellular ROS level is highly desirable for precise cancer treatment. Here, a mechanical‐thermal induction therapy (MTIT) strategy is developed for a programmable increase of ROS levels in cancer cells via assembly of magnetic nanocubes integrated with alternating magnetic fields. The magneto‐based mechanical and thermal stimuli can disrupt the lysosomes, which sequentially induce the dysfunction of mitochondria. Importantly, intracellular ROS concentrations are responsive to the magneto‐triggers and play a key role for synergistic cancer treatment. In vivo experiments reveal the effectiveness of MTIT for efficient eradication of glioma and breast cancer. By remote control of the force and heat using magnetic nanocubes, MTIT is a promising physical approach to trigger the biochemical responses for precise cancer treatment.
A Novel d‐Peptide Identified by Mirror‐Image Phage Display Blocks TIGIT/PVR for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Xiuman , Zuo Chao , Li Wanqiong , Shi Weiwei , Zhou Xiaowen , Wang Hongfei , Chen Shaomeng , Du Jiangfeng , Chen Guanyu , Zhai Wenjie , Zhao Wenshan , Wu Yahong , Qi Yuanming , Liu Lei , Gao Yanfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe low response rate and adaptive resistance of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade demands the studies on novel therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. We discovered that a novel immune checkpoint TIGIT expressed higher than PD‐1 in many tumors especially anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumors. Here, mirror‐image phage display bio‐panning was performed using the d‐enantiomer of TIGIT synthesized by hydrazide‐based native chemical ligation. d‐peptide DTBP‐3 was identified, which could occupy the binding interface and effectively block the interaction of TIGIT with its ligand PVR. DTBP‐3 showed proteolytic resistance, tumor tissue penetrating ability, and significant tumor suppressing effects in a CD8+ T cell dependent manner. More importantly, DTBP‐3 could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in anti‐PD‐1 resistant tumor model. This is the first d‐peptide targeting TIGIT, which could serve as a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy.