bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics Approaches for Predicting Liver Fibrosis With Nonenhanced T1‐Weighted Imaging: Comparison of Different Radiomics Models
Authors: Ni Ming , Wang Lili , Yu Haiyang , Wen Xiaoyi , Yang Yinghua , Liu Guangzhen , Hu Yabin , Li Zhiming 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundLiver fibrosis is a common process resulting from various etiologies. Sustained progression of liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis, even hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis is of clinical importance. Radiomics is an emerging approach for staging liver fibrosis. However, the feature selection methods and classifier models are complicated, and may result in a discrepancy of diagnostic performance owing to different radiomics models.PurposeTo identify the optimal feature selection and classifier methods for predicting liver fibrosis by using nonenhanced T1‐weighted imaging.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelWistar rats, total 97.Field Strength/Sequence3T, 3D T1‐weighted images with fast‐spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR).AssessmentLiver fibrosis rats were induced via subcutaneous injection of a mixture of carbon tetrachloride. Rats in the control group were injected with saline. Segmentation and feature extraction were performed by 3D slicer and the image biomarker explorer (IBEX) software package. Data preprocessing, feature selection, model building, and model comparative evaluation were conducted with Python. The liver fibrosis stage was determined by pathological examination.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic curve, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.ResultsFor discriminating between F0 and F1‐2, F0 and F3‐4, F0 and F1‐4, F0‐1 and F2‐4, F0‐2 and F3‐4, and F0‐3 and F4, the accuracies of 12 radiomics models were 77.27–90.91%, 73.33–86.67%, 80.56–91.67%, 74.07–88.89%, 76.47–88.24%, and 79.49–92.31%, respectively. The AUCs of the radiomics models were 0.86–0.97, 0.85–0.95, 0.89–0.97, 0.81–0.96, 0.82–0.93, and 0.85–0.96, respectively. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator / support vector machine (LASSO‐SVM) model had high AUCs of 0.93–0.97. For discriminating between F0 and F1‐2, F0 and F3‐4, F0 and F1‐4, F0‐1 and F2‐4, and F0‐2 and F3‐4, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the LASSO‐SVM model had a high fuzzy score/order of 0.087–0.091/1.Data ConclusionLASSO‐SVM appears to be the optimal model for predicting liver fibrosis by using nonenhanced T1‐weighted imaging in a rodent model of liver fibrosis.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage2.
Storm, Stress, Silence: A Focus Group Examination of Mental Health Culture and Challenges Among Graduate Students Currently or Previously Experiencing Depression
Authors: Siegel Jason T. , Keeler Amanda 
Published: October 2020

The current study explored depression, help‐seeking, and academic struggles among graduate students. Focus groups were conducted with graduate students who self‐reported currently or previously experiencing depression. Mental health, help‐seeking, and campus mental health culture were discussed. Participants described the emergence or reemergence of mental health challenges. Although some reported feeling comfortable discussing depression with friends, participants noted minimal institutional openness about mental health, being expected to be mentally and physically exhausted, and fear of stigmatization.
Differences in rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics of normal foot and flatfoot during running
Authors: Takabayashi Tomoya , Edama Mutsuaki , Inai Takuma , Kubo Masayoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFlatfoot is a common foot deformity, which could contribute to running injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome. Intrafoot kinematics of flatfoot during walking have often been documented using multisegment foot models. However, the intrafoot kinematics of flatfoot during running remains unclear, despite the possible relationship between flatfoot and running injuries. We aimed to clarify rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics when running in participants with normal foot and flatfoot. Participants with the normal foot (n = 14) and flatfoot (n = 14) were asked to runover‐ground at their preferred speed. Three‐dimensional kinematics of the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot during running were calculated based on the Rizzoli foot model. A two‐sample t‐test of statistical parametric mapping was performed to determine differences between normal foot and flatfoot in time histories of intrafoot kinematics during running. No differences were found between groups in characteristics and spatiotemporal parameters. In the frontal rearfoot angle, a significantly increased eversion from 24% to 100% (p < .001) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. At the midfoot angle, a significantly increased eversion from 0% to 4% (p < .049) and 21% to 100% (p < .001) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. At the forefoot angle, a significantly increased inversion from 6% to 17% (p < .047) was observed in the flatfoot compared to the normal foot. These findings may be useful to explain why flatfoot could contribute to running injuries such as medial tibial stress syndrome.
Autophagy‐activated nucleus pulposus cells deliver exosomal miR‐27a to prevent extracellular matrix degradation by targeting MMP‐13
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Chen , Hu Shun‐Qi , Hu An‐Nan , Zhang Tai‐Wei , Jiang Li‐Bo , Li Xi‐Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough autophagy may be beneficial for maintaining the metabolic balance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and its vitality under inflammation, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. A previous study found that autophagy activation stimulated the release of exosomes in normal chondrocytes, which are located in a similar avascular environment and share many common features with those of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). This study explored the protective effect on matrix degradation in the NP by exosomes derived from autophagy‐activated NPCs and exosomal microRNAs. NPCs‐derived exosomes (NPCs‐Exos) were isolated from culture medium of either normal NPCs or rapamycin‐treated NPCs and quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis. The effect of rapamycin‐treated NPC‐derived exosomes on NPCs were assessed by coculture with interleukin 1β (IL‐1β)‐stimulated NPCs. After examination of six major proteinases of the ECM, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) was chosen for further study. miR‐27a, which targets MMP‐13, was investigated through previous studies and bioinformatics tool. The levels of miR‐27a were upregulated in both rapamycin‐treated NPCs and their exosomes, compared to the control. When exosomal miR‐27a was transferred into NPCs, it alleviated IL‐1β‐induced degradation of the NPC ECM by targeting MMP‐13. Autophagy activation may promote the release of NPCs‐derived exosomes and thereby prevent the NPC matrix from degradation. Autophagy activation also alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), at least partly via exosomal miR‐27a, which restrains MMP‐13 expression under IL‐1β stimulation. Our work elucidates a new mechanism for how autophagy may participate in preventing IDD, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Perioperative Immunonutrition in Elderly Patients Undergoing Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Impact on Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Gonçalves Thiago José Martins , Gonçalves Sandra Elisa Adami Batista , Nava Natássia , Jorge Valeria Conceição , Okawa Andrea Massone , Rocha Vanessa Azevedo , Forato Luciana Carolina Henrique , Furuya Vicky Akemi Onizuca , Martins Sandra Salvador , Oksman Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundArthroplasties in elderly patients are surgeries performed to ensure their quality of life. Perioperative care with specific nutrients can improve nutrition status and metabolic response to orthopedic surgeries, such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsRetrospective study with elderly patients divided into 2 groups: control and immunonutrition. The immunonutrition group was instructed to start oral intake of the nutrition supplement 5 days before and to resume it 5 days after arthroplasty (200 mL, 3 times per day). The following were analyzed as primary and secondary outcomes: length of stay (LOS), infectious and noninfectious complications, need for intensive care unit (ICU), transfusion requirement, and C‐reactive protein.ResultsA total of 3015 elderly patients met the inclusion criteria: control group (n = 1398) and immunonutrition group (n = 1617). Overall, 81.2% were women and mean age was 72.6 ± 6.9 years. Immunonutrition group had a shorter LOS in hours (32.0 ± 19.4 vs 56.0 ± 26.4; P < .001) and lower rates of infectious complications (2.2% vs 4.6%; P < .001). Noninfectious complications and need for ICU also had lower rates in the immunonutrition group. In the logistic regression analysis, immunonutrition reduced the chance of infectious complications by 55% (odds ratio [OR], 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30–0.68; P < .001) even after adjusting for variables (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28–0.71; P < .001).ConclusionPerioperative immunonutrition in elderly patients undergoing THA or TKA may shorten postoperative LOS and reduce infectious and noninfectious complications and transfusion requirement.
Prevalence of Malnutrition and 1‐Year All‐Cause Mortality in Institutionalized Elderly Patients Comparing Different Combinations of the GLIM Criteria
Authors: Sanz‐Paris Alejandro , González Fernández Mikel , Perez‐Nogueras Javier , Serrano‐Oliver Antonio , Torres‐Anoro Elena , Sanz‐Arque Alejandro , Arbones‐Mainar Jose M. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) provided a new approach for the diagnosis of malnutrition based on a number of phenotypic and etiologic criteria. However, different diagnostic criteria could potentially lead to heterogeneity in the diagnosis. We identified different subsets of criteria to define malnutrition in a cohort of elder nursing‐home residents and investigated their clinical utility in terms of 1‐year survival.MethodsOur study included all residents (n = 485) from 3 nursing homes. We proposed 12 GLIM models based on different phenotypic and etiologic criteria. The main outcome was 1‐year all‐cause mortality. We also assessed the sensitivity and specificity for different phenotypic criteria using time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and cutoff values were calculated.ResultsDuring 1 year of follow‐ups, 94 deaths occurred. The prevalence of malnutrition was 13.5% for models based on reduced food intake (RFI) and 10.45% for models based on inflammation associated with acute disease (IAD). Unadjusted Cox regression analyses showed that malnutrition was associated with a 2.31‐ to 4.64‐fold increase in mortality when diagnosed using IAD‐dependent models or with a 1.37‐ to 1.78‐fold increase in mortality using RFI‐dependent models. Cutoffs associated with mortality for the phenotypic criteria were lower than those recommended in the GLIM criteria.ConclusionThis study describes the association of several variations of the GLIM model with 1‐year mortality in nursing‐home residents. However, our data suggest a high heterogeneity to fulfill the GLIM criteria and the necessity of finding specific, tailored cutoff points for the studied populations.
Development of a Deep Learning Network to Classify Inferior Vena Cava Collapse to Predict Fluid Responsiveness
Authors: Blaivas Michael , Blaivas Laura , Philips Gary , Merchant Roland , Levy Mitchell , Abbasi Adeel , Eickhoff Carsten , Shapiro Nathan , Corl Keith 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo create a deep learning algorithm capable of video classification, using a long short‐term memory (LSTM) network, to analyze collapsibility of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to predict fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients.MethodsWe used a data set of IVC ultrasound (US) videos to train the LSTM network. The data set was created from IVC US videos of spontaneously breathing critically ill patients undergoing intravenous fluid resuscitation as part of 2 prior prospective studies. We randomly selected 90% of the IVC videos to train the LSTM network and 10% of the videos to test the LSTM network's ability to predict fluid responsiveness. Fluid responsiveness was defined as a greater than 10% increase in the cardiac index after a 500‐mL fluid bolus, as measured by bioreactance.ResultsWe analyzed 211 videos from 175 critically ill patients: 191 to train the LSTM network and 20 to test it. Using standard data augmentation techniques, we increased our sample size from 191 to 3820 videos. Of the 175 patients, 91 (52%) were fluid responders. The LSTM network was able to predict fluid responsiveness moderately well, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–1.00), a positive likelihood ratio of infinity, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.3 (95% CI, 0.12–0.77). In comparison, point‐of‐care US experts using video review offline and manual diameter measurement via software caliper tools achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.83–0.99).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that an LSTM network can be trained by using videos of IVC US to classify IVC collapse to predict fluid responsiveness. Our LSTM network performed moderately well given the small training cohort but worse than point‐of‐care US experts. Further training and testing of the LSTM network with a larger data sets is warranted.
Updated thermochemistry for renewable transportation fuels: New groups and group values for acetals and ethers, their radicals, and peroxy species
Authors: Döntgen Malte , Kopp Wassja A. , vom Lehn Florian , Kröger Leif C. , Pitsch Heinz , Leonhard Kai , Heufer K. Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present new groups and group values for the gas‐phase thermochemistry of ethers, polyethers, and acetals suited for combustion modeling. Our investigation comprises fuel species, their primary radicals, peroxy radicals, and hydroperoxide species. In total, 45 species are used for the parameterization of 14 groups, six of which are newly introduced here. Presently, calculated thermochemistry at the DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/CBS(cc‐pVTZ, cc‐PVQZ) // B3LYP‐D3BJ/def2‐TZVP level of theory is combined with thermochemistry from the literature. Validation of the new group values against the quantum mechanical results gives deviations of 1.22 kcal/mol, 2.36 cal/(molK), and 1.20 cal/(molK) for heats of formation, standard entropies, and heat capacities, respectively. The new thermochemistry is tested with a recent OME2 and OME3 chemical kinetic model, which shows large sensitivities to the updated values in the intermediate temperature regime. This highlights the importance of using updated thermochemistry in future chemical kinetic modeling studies of oxygenated methyl ethers (OMEs) and OME‐related structures.
Neuroactive Peptide Nanofibers for Regeneration of Spinal Cord after Injury
Authors: Sever‐Bahcekapili Melike , Yilmaz Canelif , Demirel Altan , Kilinc Mustafa Cemil , Dogan Ihsan , Caglar Yusuf Sukru , Guler Mustafa O. , Tekinay Ayse B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe highly complex nature of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) requires design of novel biomaterials that can stimulate cellular regeneration and functional recovery. Promising SCI treatments use biomaterial scaffolds, which provide bioactive cues to the cells in order to trigger neural regeneration in the spinal cord. In this work, the use of peptide nanofibers is demonstrated, presenting protein binding and cellular adhesion epitopes in a rat model of SCI. The self‐assembling peptide molecules are designed to form nanofibers, which display heparan sulfate mimetic and laminin mimetic epitopes to the cells in the spinal cord. These neuroactive nanofibers are found to support adhesion and viability of dorsal root ganglion neurons as well as neurite outgrowth in vitro and enhance tissue integrity after 6 weeks of injury in vivo. Treatment with the peptide nanofiber scaffolds also show significant behavioral improvement. These results demonstrate that it is possible to facilitate regeneration especially in the white matter of the spinal cord, which is usually damaged during the accidents using bioactive 3D nanostructures displaying high densities of laminin and heparan sulfate‐mimetic epitopes on their surfaces.
Multicomponent Reactions in Polymer Chemistry Utilizing Heavier Main Group Elements
Authors: Tuten Bryan T. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, a concise overview of the use of heavier main group elements in multicomponent reactions and their use in polymer chemistry is provided. Incorporating heavier elements into macromolecular structures via multicomponent reactions allows for the rapid development of materials with unique properties that are not readily achieved using carbon, nitrogen, and/or oxygen. Elements in Group 13, Group 14, Group 15, and Group 16 are specifically covered examining both the familiar and unfamiliar properties of these elements and how they are used in multicomponent chemistry. Furthermore, elements that both take part in the reaction mechanism and remain in the macromolecular structure upon completion are only briefly explored. Some of the state‐of‐the‐art work going into developing these heavier element multicomponent reactions are highlighted and it is hoped to inspire other polymer chemists to explore other parts of the periodic table.
Benchmarking Stochastic and Deterministic Kinetic Modeling of Bulk and Solution Radical Polymerization Processes by Including Six Types of Factors Two
Authors: De Keer Lies , Figueira Freddy L. , Marien Yoshi W. , De Smit Kyann , Edeleva Mariya , Van Steenberge Paul H.M. , D'hooge Dagmar R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBulk and solution radical polymerization is important in daily live. A challenge is still to maximize polymerization rate and control over molecular characteristics such as the molar mass distribution. The last decades have made clear that kinetic modeling is indispensable with originally most focus on deterministic implementations such as the method of moments (MoM) and only more recently promising results for event‐driven kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations that belong to stochastic methods. Computationally, a critical reaction is termination for which one has both distinguishable and nondistinguishable distributed species, which requires a delicate treatment of a stoichiometric factor 2. Proper benchmarking of MoM and kMC simulations demands thus a careful translation of this factor in the Monte Carlo (MC) reaction probabilities. However, limited attention has been paid in the kMC field to the detailed description of such translations. Here, a rigorous derivation is presented on the level of individual termination rates. Emphasis is on termination by recombination and disproportionation. It is highlighted that six types of factor 2 exist that all need to be incorporated with care, including an IUPAC‐based one. The consistency is demonstrated by a successful benchmark of essential modeling results for free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
A low‐profile wideband planar phased array of cavity‐backed slot microstrip elements for two‐dimensional beam scanning applications
Authors: Yang Ya‐Bing , Zhang Fu‐Shun , Zhao Jiao‐Cheng , Liao Yuan , Li Ning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA low‐profile wideband planar phased array, working in X band and with two‐dimensional (2‐D) beam scanning characteristic is presented. In order to meet the requirements of wideband 2‐D beam scanning and low‐profile performance, a cavity‐backed slot stacked microstrip element is introduced. The array element is mainly composed of the open‐ended microstrip line printed on the bottom substrate, which backed by a rectangular metal cavity, and dual layer patches etched on the middle substrate and the top substrate, respectively. A vertical transition structure is used to feed the microstrip line and connect the active T/R module, which is similar to the coaxial probe. The thickness of the proposed element is only 4.5 mm (0.12 λL, λL is the wavelength of the lowest frequency). Based on the simulated design, an 8 × 8 planar phased array prototype has been fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the proposed array have achieved the maximum scanning angle of ±45° in the H‐plane and ± 30° in the E‐plane across the frequency range of 8 ~ 12 GHz. Therefore, the proposed array can be used as a sub‐array of larger low‐profile wideband phased arrays for 2‐D beam scanning applications, and also validate the introduced design concept.
TIMP‐2 as a noninvasive urinary marker for predicting neurogenic bladder in patients under follow‐up for spina bifida
Authors: Nayak Shubhalaxmi , Bawa Monika , Kanojia Ravi P. , Pal Arnab , Jain Anu , Samujh Ram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionNeurogenic bladder (NB) post‐meningomyelocele (MMC) repair is a major challenge and needs lifelong follow‐up. Many cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NB. To avoid repeated urodynamic studies (UDS) and renal scans, we studied urinary tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases‐2 (TIMP‐2) levels and correlated with urodynamic profiles to establish their efficacy.Materials and MethodsProspective case–control study on children between 6 months to 12 years of age, who were at least 6 months post‐MMC repair and had NB on UDS. Patients were evaluated under 4 cohorts of 20 patients each: Group A (NB on treatment), Group B (NB not on treatment), Group C (no NB), and Group D (Controls). All groups underwent radiofrequency thermocoagulation, urine culture, ultrasonography. Urine samples were stored at −8°C and analyzed using a validated Human ELISA kit for TIMP‐2.ResultsEighty patients with a mean age of 3.54 ± 2.1 years were studied. A common ultrasound finding was a thickened urinary bladder (33.3%). All UDS parameters showed a statistically significant differences between groups with NB (Groups A and B) and a group without NB (Group C). Analysis of TIMP‐2 levels between individual groups was statistically significant. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between urinary TIMP‐2 and cystometric parameters indicated that urinary TIMP‐2 levels are highly diagnostic of NB. TIMP‐2 value of 358.5 pg/ml was found to be the least value with 93.5 sensitivity and 86.2% specificity.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of urinary marker TIMP‐2 as noninvasive and cost‐effective test to initially diagnose and predict the progression of disease in NBs with reasonable sensitivity and specificity.