bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy on Isolated Sleep Associated Hypoventilation in Children
Authors: Saadeh Charles , Ulualp Seckin O. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveSleep associated hypoventilation (SAH) is diagnosed when more than 25% of total sleep time (%TST) is spent with end tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) > 50 mmHg. SAH in children occurs as a single entity or combined with obstructive sleep apnea. Outcomes of surgical treatment for isolated SAH in children have not been reported.MethodsThe medical charts of children who were diagnosed with isolated SAH and did not have OSA at a tertiary children's hospital between January 2013 and December 2019 were reviewed. Data collection included information on history and physical examination, past medical history, polysomnography (PSG) findings, and surgical management.ResultsSeventeen children (10 male, 7 female, age range: 3–14 years) were diagnosed with isolated SAH. Comorbid conditions included asthma in four children, Down syndrome in one, and seizure in two. Eight children were normal weight, four were overweight, and five were obese. Children did not have obstructive or central sleep apnea. Three children (18%) had persistent SAH as documented by PSG. All normal weight children had resolution of SAH whereas two obese children and one overweight child had residual SAH. %TST with CO2 > 50 mmHg after upper airway surgery (3.4% ± 1.6%) was significantly less than that of before TA (59.1% ± 5.5%) (P < .001).ConclusionsThe majority of children with isolated SAH had normalization of hypercapnia after TA. Further studies in larger groups of children are needed to identify the risk factors for residual isolated SAH after TA.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1380–E1382, 2021
Erosion and soil and water conservation in South‐Kivu (eastern DR Congo): The farmers' view
Authors: Heri‐Kazi Aimé B. , Bielders Charles L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite being one of the hotspots for soil erosion in the world, little is known regarding farmer's knowledge of soil erosion in the highlands of South‐Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A proper understanding of farmers' knowledge regarding soil erosion and conservation measures is a prerequisite for implementing resilient erosion control measures. The objective of this study was therefore to assess farmers' knowledge of soil erosion, to document existing soil and water conservation (SWC) measures and to identify their adoption constraints in the highlands of South‐Kivu. Data were collected using interviews with a semi‐structured questionnaire involving 720 respondents from eight watersheds in four territories. Farmers reported eight main erosion indicators. As opposed to gullies (80% of farmers), rills were perceived as important erosion indicators by only 50% of farmers, despite their common occurrence. Farmers were largely unaware of the potential impact of their crops and cropping practices on erosion. Farmers knew about only a limited range of SWC measures, which were perceived to be little to moderately efficient. Furthermore, the average level of adoption was very low (21%). Adoption constraints varied widely depending on the SWC measure. Thus, future interventions need to place much greater emphasis on awareness regarding soil erosion and SWC measures, to strengthen farmers' capacity for experimentation and adaptation to new technologies and finally to create a policy and institutional environment that stimulates widespread adoption of SWC techniques.
Designing Polymeric Mixed Conductors and Their Application to Electrochemical‐Transistor‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Kim Ji Hwan , Kim Seong‐Min , Kim Gunwoo , Yoon Myung‐Han 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors that employ polymeric mixed conductors as their active channels are one of the most prominent biosensor platforms because of their signal amplification capability, low fabrication cost, mechanical flexibility, and various properties tunable through molecular design. For application to biomedical devices, polymeric mixed conductors should fulfill several requirements, such as excellent conductivities of both holes/electrons and ions, long‐term operation stability, and decent biocompatibility. However, trade‐offs may exist, for instance, one between ionic conduction and overall device stability. In this report, the fundamental understanding of polymeric mixed conductors, the recent advance in enhancing their ionic and electrical conductivity, and their practical applications as biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors are reviewed. Finally, key strategies are suggested for developing novel polymeric mixed conductors that may exceed the trade‐off between device performance and stability.
Genetic diversity, forensic feature, and phylogenetic analysis of Guizhou Tujia population via 19 X‐STRs
Authors: Luo Li , Gao Hongyan , Yao Lilan , Long Fei , Zhang Hao , Zhang Lushun , Liu Yong , Yu Jian , Yu Limei , Chen Pengyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundX‐chromosome short tandem repeats (X‐STRs) with unique sex‐linkage inheritance models play a complementary role in forensic science. Guizhou is a multiethnic province located in southwest China and some genetic evidence focusing on X‐STRs for various minorities was reported. However, population data of Guizhou Tujia are scarce.MethodsA total of 507 Guizhou Tujia individuals were profiled using the AGCU X‐19 STR kit. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated. Additionally, population genetic relationships between Guizhou Tujia and other 19 populations were explored.ResultsA total of 257 alleles with the allele frequencies ranged from 0.0013 to 0.6098 were found. The combined power of discrimination in males and females and mean exclusion chances in all case scenarios were all greater than 0.99999. Population comparisons showed Guizhou Tujia had a homogeneity with all Han populations from different administrative regions, and other ethnic populations residing in Guizhou, while had obviously genetic heterogeneity with the Altaic family populations except Xibe.ConclusionNineteen X‐STRs can afford a reliable and informative database of Guizhou Tujia population for human identification and paternity testing, especially in complex biological relations. The genetic relationships of Chinese are significantly influenced by the geographic position and ethnolinguistic origin.
Chromosome 2q33genetic polymorphisms in Tunisian endemic pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: Abida Olfa , Bahloul Emna , Ben Jmaa Mariem , Sellami Khadija , Zouidi Ferjani , Fakhfakh Raouia , Mahfoudh Nadia , Turki Hamida , Masmoudi Hatem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that polymorphisms within genes encoding T‐lymphocyte immune regulating molecules: CD28, CTLA‐4, and ICOS, may alter the signaling process and subsequently could be involved in susceptibility to a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases.MethodsThis study aimed to replicate associations between common polymorphisms in the 2q33.2 cluster and susceptibility to pemphigus foliaceus (PF) in the Tunisian population. We investigated seven polymorphisms: rs3116496 and rs1879877 (CD28), rs231775, rs3087243, and (AT)n repeat (CTLA4); rs11889031 and rs10932029 (ICOS) in a case–control study which enrolled 106 Tunisian PF patients and 205 matched healthy controls.ResultsWe confirmed the associations with CTLA4((AT)13, p = 0.00137, OR = 3.96 and (AT)20, p = 0.008, OR = 5.22; respectively) and ICOS genes (rs10932029>CT, p = 0.034, OR = 2.12 and rs10932029>TT, p = 0.04 and OR = 0.41).ConclusionOur results indicate that susceptibility to PF is located in the proximal and the distal 3′ flanking region of the CTLA4/ICOS promoter. These findings may open avenues to the treatment of patients with biological drugs targeting CTLA4/ICOS molecules, in a personalized manner to achieve more effective treatment.
A prospective study on combined lymphedema surgery: Gastroepiploic vascularized lymph nodes transfer and lymphaticovenous anastomosis followed by suction lipectomy
Authors: Di Taranto Giuseppe , Bolletta Alberto , Chen Shih‐Heng , Losco Luigi , Elia Rossella , Cigna Emanuele , Rubino Corrado , Ribuffo Diego , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on the appropriate treatment of lymphedema. Proposed techniques include lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA), vascularized lymph nodes transfer (VLNT), and suction lipectomy (SL). The benefit of combined procedures has also been postulated. In this prospective study, a combined protocol is proposed as an alternative to single‐procedure strategies.MethodsBetween January 2016 and October 2018, we enrolled patients with secondary lymphedema of lower limbs, stage II‐III according to the International Society of Lymphology, progressive swelling and skin tonicity >60. Thirty‐seven consecutive patients were dichotomized into group I, undergoing VLNT, and group II undergoing VLNT and LVA. Gastroepiploic lymphnode flap was harvested through laparoscopy, and in the same operation, LVAs were performed in group II on the basis of indocyanine green lymphography and patent blue findings. Two weeks later, SL was performed in all the patients. Patients were prospectively evaluated through clinical examination, circumference measurement, and skin tonicity.ResultsThe average follow‐up was 2 ± 0.8 years. The first consecutive 21 patients were treated with VLNT followed by SL. The next 16 patients underwent combined VLNT and LVA, followed by SL. A mean of 2.4 LVAs were performed. A significant difference in the postoperative circumference measurements was found overall (p < .05): 52.6 ± 18.9 above the knee, 42.9 ± 25 below the knee, 36.2 ± 37 at foot. The postoperative tonicity dropped by 12.7 ± 6.3% (p < .05). The episodes of cellulitis significantly decreased to 0.1 ± 0.3 (p < .05).ConclusionsLVA, VLNT, and SL can be integrated together in a combined approach, in synergy to enhance the outcomes.
Design and analysis of a broadband and miniaturized linear polarized converter based on non‐Foster metasurfaces
Authors: Li Fengxia , Chen Haiyan , Zhou Yang , Zhang Li , Weng Xiaolong , Xie JianLiang , Deng Longjiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA broadband highly efficient and miniaturized polarizing converter, employing non‐Foster metasurface composed of a single layer cut‐wire resonator is presented in microwave regime. Non‐Foster component are loaded to traditional dipole‐type linear polarized converter to further enhance the low frequency polarization conversion performance, comparing to the converter without non‐Foster component, it makes all resonant frequency points move to the lower frequency obviously. Simulated results show that the cross‐polarization conversion is greater than 80% in the relative bandwidth of 143.9% for normal incident waves. Moreover, the period of the proposed polarized converter is less than 0.09 wavelength of the lowest operation resonant frequency, which indicates that the converter has the characteristic of miniaturization. By combining the transmission line and equivalent circuit theory, the physical underpinnings of this converter are further discussed, based on this analysis, the corresponding resonant frequencies are calculated as 4.2 GHz, 12.7 GHz, and 26.3 GHz, respectively. The simulated and numeral results are basically consistent. This method can be applied to the design of low frequency polarization structures.
Design of single‐fed dual‐polarized dual‐band slotted patch antenna for GPS and SDARS applications
Authors: Choudhary Surya D. , Srivastava Abhiruchi , Kumar Manish 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel design of single‐fed, dual‐polarized, dual‐band slotted antenna with right hand circular polarization (RHCP) at GPS L5 and left‐hand circular polarization (LHCP) at SDARS bands which is suitable for hand held device in automotive applications. Dual‐band and dual polarization are achieved by introducing four different structured slots in the radiator. The complete dimension of the antenna which is designed and fabricated is only 65 × 65 × 1.6 mm3. Performance of the fabricated antenna is validated experimentally. Antenna exhibits two independent polarizations and works effectively at 1.17645 GHz for Global Positioning System (GPS L5) and 2.3325 GHz for satellite digital audio radio service (SDARS) bands.
Optimum light transmission via microring resonator under a lossy‐coupler critical coupling condition
Authors: Bahadoran Mahdi , Yupapin Preecha , Amiri Iraj Sadegh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe optical transfer function is derived for add‐drop resonator (ADR) using the signal flow graph method. A critical coupling condition is calculated in the presence of loss in the coupling regions. Effect of critical coupling and coupler loss in the light transmission is studied. A limited area was determined for optimum optical transmission of ADR. We introduced a semi‐empirical equation to correlate the geometric design of coupling gap with the coupling strength parameters (coupling coefficient, k, and coupling loss, γ). Achieved results can be used in optical communication technology and the photonic sensor applications.
A retrospective physiological noise correction method for oscillating steady‐state imaging
Authors: Cao Amos A. , Noll Douglas C. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeOscillating steady‐state imaging (OSSI) is an SNR‐efficient steady‐state sequence withsensitivity suitable for FMRI. Due to the frequency sensitivity of the signal, respiration‐ and drift‐induced field changes can create unwanted signal fluctuations. This study aims to address this issue by developing retrospective signal correction methods that utilize OSSI signal properties to denoise task‐based OSSI FMRI experiments.MethodsA retrospective denoising approach was developed that leverages the unique signal properties of OSSI to perform denoising without a manually specified noise region of interest and works with both voxel timecourses (oscillating steady‐state correction [OSSCOR]) or FID timecourses (F‐OSSCOR). Simulations were performed to estimate the number of principal components optimal for denoising. In vivo experiments at 3 T field strength were conducted to compare the performance of proposed methods against a standard principal component analysis‐based method, measured using mean t score within an region of interest, number of activations, and mean temporal SNR.ResultsCorrection using OSSCOR was significantly better than the standard method in all metrics. Correction using F‐OSSCOR was not significantly different from the standard method using an equal number of principal components. Increasing the number of OSSCOR principal components decreased activation strength and increased the number of suspected false positives. However, increasing the number of principal components in F‐OSSCOR increased activation strength with little to no increase in false activation.ConclusionBoth OSSCOR and F‐OSSCOR substantially reduce physiological noise components and increase temporal SNR, improving the functional results of task‐based OSSI functional experiments. F‐OSSCOR demonstrates a proof of concept utilization of coil‐localized FID signal information for physiological noise correction.
General gradient delay correction method in bipolar multispoke RF pulses using trim blips
Authors: Jamil Redouane , Mauconduit Franck , Gras Vincent , Boulant Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo correct with gradient trim blips for gradient delays in bipolar‐spoke RF pulses in slice‐selective and slab‐selective excitations, compatible with tilted acquisitions and anisotropic delays.TheoryThe effect of small gradient delays with respect to RF pulses results in a dephasing of the second RF spoke, proportional to the slab‐selection gradient amplitude and the distance of the slice center from the magnet isocenter. Accordingly, adding a trim blip along the corresponding logical gradient axis between the two spokes compensates for the same dephasing, and therefore cancels the gradient delay effects, regardless of position and orientation.MethodsGradient delays on different axes were first measured on a 7T system based on an imaging method. Parallel transmission universal bipolar spokes were designed offline to mitigate the RF field inhomogeneity problem in the human brain. Trim blips were used to compensate for the known delays, which was validated with flip angle and temporal SNR measurements on two different volunteers at 7 T.ResultsPulses corrected with trim blips greatly reduced gradient delay effects. Acquisitions made with corrected and noncorrected pulses showed good fidelity with simulations.ConclusionsUnlike time or phase‐shifting approaches, trim blip–based methods apply to all possible bipolar spoke scenarios such as slice excitations, slab excitations, and anisotropy in the gradient delays.
COVID‐19 and its Severity in Bariatric Surgery‐Operated Patients
Authors: Bel Lassen Pierre , Poitou Christine , Genser Laurent , Marchelli Florence , Aron‐Wisnewsky Judith , Ciangura Cécile , Jacques Flavien , Moreau Pauline ,   NutriOmics investigators, Oppert Jean‐Michel , Clément Karine 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveObesity is a major risk factor for severe forms of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), but little is known about the post–bariatric surgery (BS) setting. The prevalence of likely COVID‐19 and its risk factors in patients followed up after BS was assessed.MethodsA total of 738 patients who underwent BS and were followed up at a university medical center were surveyed. A retrospective comparison of characteristics at baseline, 1 year after BS, and at the time of lockdown was performed between patients with COVID‐19–likely events (CL) based on a combination of reported symptoms and those for whom COVID‐19 was unlikely.ResultsCL occurred in 62 (8.4%) patients, among whom 4 (6.4%) had a severe form requiring hospitalization and 1 (1.6%) died. The CL group had a higher proportion of persistent type 2 diabetes (T2D) at last follow‐up (36.2% vs. 20.3%, P = 0.01). BMI at the time of lockdown was lower in the CL group (30.2 ± 5.1 vs. 32.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2; P < 0.01) with higher percent weight loss since BS in the CL group. Severe forms of COVID‐19 requiring hospitalization were associated with persistent T2D at the last follow‐up visit.ConclusionsIn BS patients, CL were associated with persistent T2D and lower BMI.
The maturation of ecosystem services: Social and policy research expands, but whither biophysically informed valuation?
Authors: Chan Kai M. A. , Satterfield Terre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe concept of ecosystem services (ES) has risen to prominence based on its promise to vastly improve environmental decision‐making and to represent nature's many benefits to people. Yet the field has continued to be plagued by fundamental concerns, leading some to believe that the field of ES must mature or be replaced.In this paper, we quantitatively survey a stratified random sample of more than 1,000 articles addressing ES across three decades of scholarship. Our purpose is to examine the field's attention to common critiques regarding insufficient credible valuations of realistic changes to services; an unjustified preoccupation with monetary valuation; and too little social and policy research (e.g. questions of access to and demand for services).We found that very little of the ES literature includesvaluation of biophysicalchange (2.4%), despite manybiophysicalstudies of services (24%). An initially small but substantially rising number of papers address crucialpolicy(14%) andsocialdimensions, including access, demand and the social consequences of change (5.8%). As well, recent years have seen a significant increase in non‐monetary valuation (from 0% to 2.5%).Ecosystem service research has, we summarize, evolved in meaningful ways. But some of its goals remain unmet, despite the promise to improve environmental decisions, in part because of a continued pre‐occupation with numerical valuation often without appropriate biophysical grounding. Here we call for a next generation of research: Integrative biophysical‐social research that characterizes ES change, and is coupled with multi‐metric and qualitative valuation, and context‐appropriate decision‐making.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Computational Analysis of Phosphoproteomics Data in Multi‐Omics Cancer Studies
Authors: Mantini Giulia , Pham Thang V. , Piersma Sander R. , Jimenez Connie R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultiple types of molecular data for the same set of clinical samples are increasingly available and may be analyzed jointly in an integrative analysis to maximize comprehensive biological insight. This analysis is important as separate analyses of individual omics data types usually do not fully explain disease phenotypes. An increasing number of studies have now been focusing on multi‐omics data integration, yet not many studies have included phosphoproteomics data, an important layer for understanding signaling pathways. Multi‐omics integration methods with phosphoproteomics data are reviewed in the context of cancer research as well as multi‐omics methods papers that would be promising to apply to phosphoproteomics data. Analysis of individual data types is still the major approach even in large cohort proteogenomics studies. Hence, a section is dedicated on possible integrative methods for multi‐omics and phosphoproteomics data. In summary, this review provides the readers with both currently used integrative methods previously applied to phosphoproteomics and multi‐omics data integration and other algorithms for multi‐omics data integration promising for future application to phosphoproteomics data.
Triton X‐114 Fractionated Subcellular Proteome of Leptospira interrogans Shows Selective Enrichment of Pathogenic and Outer Membrane Proteins in the Detergent Fraction
Authors: Thoduvayil Sikha , Dhandapani Gunasekaran , Brahma Rahul , Devasahayam Arokia Balaya Rex , Mangalaparthi Kiran K. , Patel Krishna , Kumar Manish , Tennyson Jebasingh , Satheeshkumar P. K. , Kulkarni Mahesh J. , Pinto Sneha M. , Prasad T. S. Keshava , Madanan Madathiparambil G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Triton X‐114‐based solubilization and temperature‐dependent phase separation of proteins is used for subcellular fractionation where, aqueous, detergent, and pellet fractions represents cytoplasmic, outer membrane (OM), and inner membrane proteins, respectively. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis of Triton X‐114 fractions of proteomic analysis of Leptospira interrogans identified 2957 unique proteins distributed across the fractions. The results are compared with bioinformatics predictions on their subcellular localization and pathogenic nature. Analysis of the distribution of proteins across the Triton X‐114 fractions with the predicted characteristics is performed based on “number” of unique type of proteins, and “quantity” which represents the amount of unique protein. The highest number of predicted outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and pathogenic proteins are found in aqueous and pellet fractions, whereas detergent fraction representing the OM has the highest quantity of OMPs and pathogenic proteins though lower in number than the aqueous and pellet fractions. This leaves the possibility of an upsurge in pathogenic proteins and OMPs on the OM under pathogenic conditions suggesting their potential use to combat leptospirosis. Further, the Triton X‐114 subcellular fractions are more correlated to enrichment of pathogenic proteins predicted by MP3 software than predicted localization.