bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HELP-VDL: study protocol for a multicentre, open, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing the use of the head-elevated laryngoscopy position and the use of a videolaryngoscope to facilitate orotracheal intubation in a patient population without predictable difficulty of intubation
Authors: Le Guen Morgan , Coppere Zoé , Dufour Guillaume , Ouattara Jonathan , Trichereau Julie , Fischler Marc 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTracheal intubation remains an everyday challenge for anaesthesiologists, even in patients without suspected difficult airways. The ideal positioning of the patient’s head (flat, raised a few centimetres on a cushion in the sniffing position (SP), or raised to achieve horizontal alignment between the external acoustic meatus and the sternal angle) and the use of videolaryngoscopy remain controversial. This trial aims to compare the efficacy for orotracheal intubation of the SP or the head-elevated laryngoscopy position (HELP), which has been shown to improve laryngeal visualization and the intubation condition particularly in obese patients, in combination with a McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope whose video screen is either on or off (Video or NoVideo).Methods and analysisThe HELP-VDL factorial trial is a prospective, randomised, parallel, multicentre, open study of 240 adult patients undergoing tracheal intubation under general anaesthesia. Patients will be allocated into four groups: SP-NoVideo, HELP-NoVideo, SP-Video and HELP-Video. The primary outcome is the proportion of orotracheal intubations that requires the assistance of a nurse anaesthetist. The secondary outcomes include the intubation duration, the first intubation success rate, the quality of visualisation of the glottis, the glottis visualisation score, adjunctive manoeuvres and alternative techniques used, the occurrence of oesophageal intubation, failure of tracheal intubation, the incidence of arterial oxygen desaturation, the perception of a difficult intubation, the score on the Intubation Difficulty Scale, cooperation among the members of the anaesthesia team, the evolution of vital signs and the frequency and severity of intubation complications. Data will be analysed on the intention-to-treat principle and a per-protocol basis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee Ile de France V (Paris, France). Participant recruitment began on 3 July 2019. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03987009; Pre-results.
Thoughts from a Not-So-Influential Educator
Authors: Wilson Greg 
Published: July 2020

I was honored to receive ACM SIGSOFT's Influential Educator Award1 for 2020 this past April. I was also surprised: while I think I've helped scientists through Software Carpentry and other projects, nothing I've done in the last twenty years seems to have had much influence on software engineering.
It isn't for lack of trying. In the early 2000s I began teaching classes at the University of Toronto. One was titled "Software Architecture", and after three very frustrating offerings I told the department they should cancel it. The problem was that the half-dozen textbooks I read with "software architecture" in their titles spent hundreds of pages explaining how to elicit architectural requirements and how to document architectures, but devoted less than 20 pages in total to describing actual systems. Students memorized what I put in front of them and passed their exams, but it had no impact on how they thought or what they built.
Introgressive hybridization between the endangered native Bombina pachypus and the introduced B. variegata in a protected area in central Italy
Authors: Talarico Lorenzo , Ciambotta Marco , Tiberi Andrea , Mattoccia Marco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Amphibians are experiencing an ascertained global decline, which causes include the introduction of alien species and the (anthropogenic) hybridization between native and exotic taxa. Detecting introductions and assessing their impact on populations of native species is crucial for amphibian conservation. We used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to reveal introgressive hybridization between the native Bombina pachypus and the exotic B. variegata (probably introduced from Albania) in a population from a protected area of central Italy. Almost all genotyped individuals were genetically admixed, showing a larger proportion of the allochthonous genome. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of successful hybridization between the two species (we found both putative F1 and backcrosses), hence representing a new threat to the conservation of the endangered, Italian-endemic B. pachypus.
A Discriminative Analysis of Gong-yi and Ci-shan: A Literature Review
Authors: Chen Mengmiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
How to discriminate the two Chinese terms for “public benefit” (gong-yi) and “charity” (ci-shan) has been an oft-discussed topic on which academic circles are yet to reach consensus. This paper sorts out systematically the existing literature comparing and analyzing gong-yi (“public benefit”) and ci-shan (“charity”), reviews it in light of their origins, their roots in cultural and intellectual history, their meanings and their associations, and summarizes views the academic circles generally hold, hoping to provide reference for further academic discussions.
Study on Public Cognition of NGOs from the Perspective of Legitimacy
Authors: Gao Miao , Yan Kegao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Public cognition is the basic element of the legitimacy of NGOs and has an important influence on the development of NGOs, but it receives insufficient attention in theoretical research. This paper examines public cognition of NGOs by constructing a scale in the two dimensions of attribute and function and distributing 2,596 questionnaires in 29 provincial regions across China. The results show that the level of public cognition of NGOs is generally high; compared with attribute cognition, function cognition is at a higher level and more stable; in terms of internal structure, the non-distributive attribute and policy advocacy function are at the bottom of attribute cognition and function cognition, respectively. Individual characteristics, such as demographic characteristics, educational background, region, and type of their organization, have varying impacts on public cognition of NGOs in different dimensions. In addition, involvement, business connection, and training influence the level of public cognition of NGOs through function cognition. To further increase public cognition of NGOs and improve legitimacy of NGOs, focus should be on the dissemination of knowledge about NGOs, and public education in this regard should be continuously strengthened, so that the public can get a better and more comprehensive understanding of NGOs.
Biological Validation of a Chemical Effluent Decontamination System
Authors: Cote Christopher K. , Weidner Jessica M. , Klimko Christopher , Piper Ashley E. , Miller Jeremy A. , Hunter Melissa , Shoe Jennifer L. , Hoover Jennifer C. , Sauerbry Brian R. , Buhr Tony , Bozue Joel A. , Harbourt David E. , Glass Pamela J. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Failure of an existing effluent decontamination system (EDS) prompted the consideration of commercial off-the-shelf solutions for decontamination of containment laboratory waste. A bleach-based chemical EDS was purchased to serve as an interim solution. Methods: Studies were conducted in the laboratory to validate inactivation of Bacillus spores with bleach in complex matrices containing organic simulants including fetal bovine serum, humic acid, and animal room sanitation effluent. Results: These studies demonstrated effective decontamination of >106 spores at a free chlorine concentration of ≥5700 parts per million with a 2-hour contact time. Translation of these results to biological validation of the bleach-based chemical EDS required some modifications to the system and its operation. Discussion: The chemical EDS was validated for the treatment of biosafety levels 3 and 4 waste effluent using laboratory-prepared spore packets along with commercial biological indicators; however, several issues and lessons learned identified during the process of onboarding are also discussed, including bleach product source, method of validation, dechlorination, and treated waste disposal.
Pre-hospital delay in patients with myocardial infarction: an observational study in a tertiary care hospital of northern Bangladesh
Authors: Rafi Abdur , Sayeed Zahidus , Sultana Papia , Aik Saw , Hossain Golam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Delayed hospital presentation is a hindrance to the optimum clinical outcome of modern therapies of Myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to investigate the significant factors associated with prolonged pre-hospital delay and the impact of this delay on in-hospital mortality among patients with MI in Northern Bangladesh.

Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted in December 2019 in cardiology ward of a 1000-bed tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Patients admitted in the ward with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction were included in the study. Socio demographic data, clinical features and patients’ health seeking behavior was collected in a structured questionnaire from the patients. Median with interquartile range (IQR) of pre hospital delay were calculated and compared between different groups. Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression were used to estimate the determinants of pre-hospital delay and effect of pre-hospital delay on in-hospital mortality.

Results
Three hundred thirty-seven patients was enrolled in the study and their median (IQR) pre-hospital delay was 9.0 (13.0) hours. 39.5% patients admitted in the specialized hospital within 6 h. In logistic regression, determinants of pre-hospital delay were patients age (for < 40 years aOR 2.43, 95% CI 0.73–8.12; for 40 to 60 years aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21–0.93), family income (for lower income aOR 5.74, 95% CI 0.89–37.06; for middle income aOR 14.22, 95% CI 2.15–94.17), distance from primary care center ≤5 km (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.12–0.90), predominant chest pain (aOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.48), considering symptoms as non-significant (aOR 17.81, 95% CI 5.92–53.48), referral from primary care center (for government hospital aOR 4.45, 95% CI 2.03–9.74; for private hospital OR 98.67, 95% CI 11.87–820.34); and not having family history of MI (aOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.24–5.71) (R2 = 0.528). Risk of in-hospital mortality was almost four times higher who admitted after 6 h compared to their counterpart (aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12–0.66); (R2 = 0.303).

Conclusion
Some modifiable factors contribute to higher pre-hospital delay of MI patients, resulting in increased in-hospital mortality. Patients’ awareness about cardiovascular diseases and improved referral pathway of the existing health care system may reduce this unexpected delay.
Clinical and economic outcomes evaluated in Lyme disease: a systematic review
Authors: Mattingly T. Joseph , Shere-Wolfe Kalpana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The financial implications of Lyme disease (LD) can vary widely for both the health system and the individual patients experiencing the disease. The aim of this review was to summarize published data on clinical and economic outcomes associated with LD.

Methods
A literature review was conducted to identify all studies of LD that incorporate both clinical outcomes and costs. Included studies were described and categorized based on costs consistent with best practices used in economic evaluation.

Results
The most frequent costs identified focused on formal health costs and productivity losses were the most common costs identified outside of the health system. Travel and informal care costs were less frequently reported. Clinical and economic outcomes of LD are primarily studied through economic models or observational analyses and focus on formal health care.

Conclusions
This review provides and overview of existing evidence and recommendations for future economic analyses in LD.
Chemotherapy improves distant control in localized high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity/trunk
Authors: Rizk Victoria T. , Naghavi Arash O. , Brohl Andrew S. , Joyce David M. , Binitie Odion , Kim Youngchul , Hanna John P. , Swank Jennifer , Gonzalez Ricardo J. , Reed Damon R. , Druta Mihaela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare and heterogeneous tumors making chemotherapy use controversial. Our goal was to identify a subset of patients with primary STS that benefit with the addition of chemotherapy.

Methods
A retrospective chart review included intermediate to high-grade localized primary STS of the extremity/trunk, and tumor size > 5 cm. The effect of chemotherapy was evaluated for local control (LC), distant control (DC), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results
In this cohort (n = 273), patients were treated with surgery (98%), radiation (81%), and chemotherapy (24.5%). With a median follow-up of 51 months, the entire cohort’s 5-year LC, DC, PFS, and OS are 79.1%, 59.9%, 43.8%, and 68.7%, respectively. The addition of chemotherapy did not provide a DC benefit (p = 0.238) for the entire cohort. High-grade disease (n = 210) experienced a 5-year benefit in DC (68% vs. 54.4%, p = 0.04), which was more pronounced with MAI (Mesna, Adriamycin, Ifosfamide) based regimens (74.2%, p = 0.016), and a 5-year PFS (50.8% vs 45%, p = 0.025) and OS benefit (76.2% vs 70%, p = 0.067) vs. no chemotherapy. On multivariate analysis of the high-grade subset, chemotherapy independently predicted for a DC benefit (HR 0.48 95% CI 0.26–89, p = 0.019). The benefit of chemotherapy was more pronounced with MAI, showing a significant benefit in DC (HR 0.333 95% CI 0.145–0.767, p = 0.01) and PFS (HR 0.52 95% CI 0.28–0.99, p = 0.047).

Conclusion
In patients with localized STS > 5 cm, the high-grade subset had a distant control benefit with the addition of chemotherapy, leading to improved progression free survival. This is more pronounced with the use of MAI and should be considered in patients eligible for this regimen.
FACTORS INFLUENCING RESILIENCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, HULU LANGAT, SELANGOR
Authors: Hui Tho Mei , Abdullah Zuraidah 
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to explore the factors influencing resilience of primary school teachers, Hulu Langat, Selangor. The research design used in this study is quantitative, and survey question is used to collect the data. A total of 351 respondents is randomly selected. Research findings are analysed using statistical descriptive and inferences. Findings show that the level of teachers’ resilience (M=3.92, SD=.44) are high. The mean score of each dimension is personal competence (M= 3.77, SD =.57), social competency (M=3.99, SD=.55), social resource (M=3.85, SD=.54), family cohesion (M= 4.20, SD= .65) .and structure style ( M= 3.77, SD = .48). This study helps teachers to improve their resiliency, enables them to remain in the teaching profession and commits to the job which was assigned to them.
THE IMPACT OF THE WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON WORK ENGAGEMENT OF NON-ACADEMIC EMPLOYEE IN HIGHER LEARNING INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Shafie b. Hj. Aliasah Mohammadd Wazir , Abdullah Zuraidah , Shafee Salwati 
Published: July 2020

Work Life Balance is an important aspect in the lives of individual employee. It is highly associated with their ability to perform well at work and live a happy and contented life. Work life balance affects every aspects of individual either emotionally or psychologically. This study looks at the level of work-life balance as well as the work involvement of non-academic employees of higher learning institutions in Malaysia. Additionally, it also looks at how the work-life balance affects individual work involvement. Data of this quantitative study were gathered through a set of questionnaire which was administered to 335 non-academic employees of higher learning institutions in Malaysia. Analysis of findings were based on descriptive analysis using SPSS 23 version by looking at the mean and standard deviation. It also looked at the effects of work life balance on work engagement by undertaking pearson correlation analysis. The findings of the study provide and insight on the level of work life balance and work engagement as practiced by the non-academic employees of Malaysian higher learning institutions. The findings also illustrates the significant relationship between work life balance as well as work engagement among non-academic employees in Malaysian higher learning institutions.
Kerala’s first 100 days of facing the COVID-19 pandemic: a story of public health success
Authors: Thayyil Jayakrishnan , Jayakrishnan Thejus , Bina Thomas 
Published: July 2020

The southern state of India-Kerala, where the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were reported in the country has come to lime light with its pandemic containing strategies and minimum case fatality rate at hundred days. The state’s unparalleled containment and testing strategies was lauded by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and referred to it as the “Kerala model”.
Sciage De Rebuts De Tectona Grandis L. F. (Teck)
Authors: AssandÃ© Ahoba , Anatole Nâ€™Guessan Kangah , Nina Gueulou , Emmanuel Issali Auguste , Brahima Coulibaly 
Published: July 2020

Les rebuts de billons de teck abandonnÃ©s dans les parcelles aprÃ¨s exploitation, sont taxÃ©s de faibles diamÃ¨tres et de faible rendement au sciage. Le travail rÃ©alisÃ© vise Ã montrer la similitude de ces valeurs entre les rebuts et les billons de premier choix. Sept cent (700) rebuts de billons de teck de 24 ans, sÃ©lectionnÃ©s en zone de forÃªt dense semi-dÃ©cidue, ont Ã©tÃ© cubÃ©s et sciÃ©s en usine avec un plateau technique adaptÃ© aux bois de petits diamÃ¨tres. Les rÃ©sultats obtenus montrent que les diamÃ¨tres moyens des rebuts de billons Ã©tudiÃ©s sont faibles et gravitent autour de la classe 15/19 cm Ã 37%, autour de la classe 20/24 cm Ã 44% (majoritaire), autour de la classe 25/29 cm Ã 15% et autour de la classe 30/34 cm Ã seulement 3%. Ces valeurs, bien que faibles, sont du mÃªme ordre de grandeur que celles des billons de premier choix de mÃªme Ã¢ge ou dâ€™Ã¢ge proche. Le rendement brut sciage obtenu est de 38,12% qui est faible mais Ã©galement similaire Ã celui des billons de teck de premier choix. Ce rendement chute de 4 Ã 7% en Ã©liminant lâ€™aubier pour amÃ©liorer la qualitÃ© des dÃ©bitÃ©s. Les rebuts de billons de teck prÃ©sentent des diamÃ¨tres et des rendements sciages faibles mais similaires Ã ceux des billons de premier choix. Les quantitÃ©s abandonnÃ©es dans les parcelles prenant de plus en plus de lâ€™ampleur, les rebuts offrent ainsi une bonne opportunitÃ© de valorisation de matiÃ¨re premiÃ¨re Ã lâ€™Ã©chelle industrielle par un plateau technique fixe ou mobile.
Discarded teak logs in post-harvest plots are taxed with small diameters and low sawing yield. The work carried out aims to show the similarity of these values between the rejects and the logs of first choice. Seven hundred rejects of 24-year-old teak logs, selected in semi-deciduous dense forest zone, were cubed and sawed at the factory with a technical platform adapted to small diameter woods.The results obtained show that the average diameters of the discarded teak logs studied are low and revolve around the 15/19 cm class at 37%, around the 20/24 cm class at 44% (majority), around the 25/29 cm class at 15% and around the class 30/34 cm at only 3%. These values, although low, are of the same order of magnitude as those of firstgrade logs of the same age or near age.The gross sawing yield obtained is 38.12% which is low but also similar to that of the first choice teak logs. This yield drops by 4 to 7% by eliminating the sapwood to improve the quality of the sawn timber. Discarded teak logs have low lumber diameters and yields, but are similar to those of high grade logs. The quantities left in the plotstaking more and more scale, the rejects thus offer a good opportunity for raw material valorization on an industrial scale by a fixed or mobile technical platform.
Penerapan Bagi Hasil Maro Perspektif Akad Mukhabarah
Authors: Wahyuningrum Ana Liana , Darwanto Darwanto 
Published: July 2020

<p><em>Mukhabarah is a profit sharing partnership between the land owner and the sharecropper, where the land owner surrenders his land to the sharecropper and the capital is fully borned by the sharecropper. Mukhabarah which are take a place in Brakas Village, people are more familiar with "maro". The profit sharing collaboration was based on verbal agreements based on trust without witnesses and it is not determined how long the collaboration will be. The study aims to analyse what the agricultural system are used, what are the reasons for profit sharing, and how "maro" system is compatible with the Mukhabarah. The research is used qualitative method with a descriptive approach, data collection methods through observation, interviews, and document review. The results found that smallholders and landowners preferred to profit sharing rather than rent. Furthermore, the implementation of profit sharing cooperation in Brakas Village was a mukhabarah agreement in Islamic law, but in practice was not fully in accordance with the existing Islamic concept, because there were some things that were not appropriate.</em></p>