bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health promotion intervention for people with early‐stage dementia: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Testad Ingelin , Kajander Martine , Gjestsen Martha T. , Dalen Ingvild 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith the limited advancements in medical treatment, there is a growing need for supporting people with early‐stage dementia adjust to their diagnosis and improve their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12‐week health promotion course for people with early‐stage dementia.MethodsQuasi‐experimental, single group, pretest‐posttest design. A total of 108 persons with dementia participated in this study, and for each participant, a carer was interviewed. The 12‐week health promotion intervention consisted of 2‐hr sessions at weekly intervals. Outcome measures were cognition, measured by Mini‐Mental State Examination, personal, and instrumental activities of daily living (P‐ADL and I‐ADL), measured by Lawton and Brody's Physical Self‐Maintenance Scale and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, self‐rated health, measured by the European Quality of life Visual Analogue Scale, depressive symptoms, measured by the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, measured by The Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at follow‐up 1–2 months postintervention.ResultsThe results demonstrate a small but statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms (p = .015) and in self‐rated health (p = .031). The results also demonstrated a small statistically significant decline in the participants’ I‐ADL (p = .007). The participants’ cognitive function, P‐ADL, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were stable during the 4‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThis study demonstrates promising results with regard to the benefit of attending a 12‐week health promotion intervention in promoting health and well‐being in people with early‐stage dementia. With the majority of participants with early‐stage dementia living at home without any healthcare services in a vulnerable stage of the condition, this study makes an important contribution to highlighting the need for, and benefit of, educational approaches for this population.
Role of densin‐180 in mouse ventral hippocampal neurons in 24‐hr retention of contextual fear conditioning
Authors: Kim Chong‐Hyun , Kim Seoyul , Kim Su‐Hyun , Roh Jongtae , Jin Harin , Song Bokyung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionDensin‐180 interacts with postsynaptic molecules including calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) but its function in learning and memory process has been unclear.MethodsTo investigate a role of hippocampal densin‐180 in contextual fear conditioning (CFC) learning and memory processes, knockdown (KD) of densin‐180 in hippocampal subareas was applied.ResultsFirst, ventral hippocampal (vHC) densin‐180 KD impaired single‐trial CFC (stCFC) memory one day later. stCFC caused freezing behaviors to reach the peak about one hour later in both control and KD mice, but then freezing was disappeared at 2 hr postshock in KD mice. Second, stCFC caused an immediate and transient reduction of vHC densin‐180 in control mice, which was not observed in KD mice. Third, stCFC caused phosphorylated‐T286 (p‐T286) CaMKIIα to change similarly to densin‐180, but p‐T305 CaMKIIα was increased 1 hr later in control mice. In KD mice, these effects were gone. Moreover, both basal levels of p‐T286 and p‐T305 CaMKIIα were reduced without change in total CaMKIIα in KD mice. Fourth, we found double‐trial CFC (dtCFC) memory acquisition and retrieval kinetics were different from those of stCFC in vHC KD mice. In addition, densin‐180 in dorsal hippocampal area appeared to play its unique role during the very early retrieval period of both CFC memories.ConclusionThis study shows that vHC densin‐180 is necessary for stCFC memory formation and retrieval and suggests that both densin‐180 and p‐T305 CaMKIIα at 1 ~ 2 hr postshock are important for stCFC memory formation. We conclude that roles of hippocampal neuronal densin‐180 in CFC are temporally dynamic and differential depending on the pattern of conditioning stimuli and its location along the dorsoventral axis of hippocampal formation.
Clinical translation of choline and geranic acid deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Ko Justin , Mandal Abhirup , Dhawan Sunil , Shevachman Marina , Mitragotri Samir , Joshi Nitin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCholine geranate deep eutectic solvent/ionic liquid (CAGE) has shown several desirable therapeutic properties including antimicrobial activity and ability to deliver drugs transdermally in research laboratories. Here, we describe the first report of clinical translation of CAGE from the lab into the clinic for the treatment of rosacea, a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects the face. We describe the seven steps of clinical translation including (a) scale‐up, (b) characterization, (c) stability analysis, (d) mechanism of action, (e) dose determination, (f) GLP toxicity study, and (g) human clinical study. We describe the challenges and outcomes in these steps, especially those that uniquely arise from the deep eutectic nature of CAGE. Our translational efforts led to a 12‐week open‐label phase 1b cosmetic study with CAGE1:2 gel (CGB400) in mild–moderate facial rosacea in 26 patients where CGB400 exhibited a marked reduction in the number of inflammatory lesions. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of CGB400 for treating rosacea as well as it provides insights into the translational journey of deep eutectic solvents, in particular CAGE, for dermatological applications.
Enzymatic Modification of Cellulose To Unlock Its Exploitation in Advanced Materials
Authors: Martinelli Andrea , Giannini Luca , Branduardi Paola 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays natural biopolymers have a wide variety of uses in various industrial applications, such as food, adhesives and composite materials. Among them, cellulose has attracted the interest of researchers due to its properties: high strength and flexibility, biocompatibility and nontoxicity. Despite that, in many cases its practical use is limited because of poor solubility and/or an unsuitable hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. In this context, enzymatic modification appears as a powerful strategy to overcome these problems through selective, green and environmentally friendly processes. This minireview discusses the different methods developed for the enzymatic modification of cellulose, emphasizing the type of reaction, the enzymes used (laccases, esterases, lipases, hexokinases, etc.), and the properties and applications of the cellulose derivatives obtained. Considering that cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on Earth and can be derived from residual lignocellulosic biomass, the impact of its use in bio‐based process following the logic of the circular economy is relevant.
Micropuncture technique for femoral access is associated with lower vascular complications compared to standard needle
Authors: Ben‐Dor Itsik , Sharma Avinash , Rogers Toby , Yerasi Charan , Case Brian C. , Chezar‐Azerrad Chava , Musallam Anees , Forrestal Brian J. , Zhang Cheng , Hashim Hayder , Bernardo Nelson , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe compared access‐site complications with a Micropuncture 21‐gauge (G) needle to a standard 18G needle in patients undergoing femoral‐access percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundVascular access‐site complications are the most common complication after cardiac catheterization. These complications increase patient morbidity and mortality, along with healthcare costs.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 17,844 consecutive patients undergoing PCI. Micropuncture access was used in 2344 patients and a standard 18G needle in 15,500 patients. Primary endpoints included vascular perforation or limb ischemia requiring repair, retroperitoneal bleeding, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula, groin hematoma (>4 cm).ResultsPatients undergoing PCI with Micropuncture were at higher risk: they were on anticoagulation (557 [23.7%] vs. 1,590 [10.2%], p < .001), used steroids more frequently (131 [5.6%] vs. 638 [4.1%], p < .001) and required the use of an intra‐aortic balloon pump more often (191 [(8.1%] vs. 896 [5.7%], p < .001). Overall, the access‐site complications rate was lower using Micropuncture (58 [2.5%]) versus standard needle (558 [3.6%], p = .005). The Micropuncture group had a significantly lower rate of hematoma than standard needle (32 [1.4%] vs. 309 [1.9%], p = .03). There was no significant difference in the rate of limb ischemia (1 [0.04%] vs. 12 [0.07%], p = .56), perforation (2 [0.08%] vs. 14 [0.09%], p = .93), retroperitoneal bleeding (3 [0.12%] vs. 18 [0.11%], p = .87), pseudoaneurysm (18 [0.76%] vs. 170 [1.09%], p = .14), and arteriovenous fistula (2 [0.08%] vs. 35 [0.22%], p = .16), comparing the Micropuncture group to a standard needle, respectively.ConclusionsFemoral access using a Micropuncture reduced the rate of vascular complications with significant reduction in the rate of groin hematomas.
Ischemic and bleeding risk after complex percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with or without high bleeding risk
Authors: Yamamoto Ko , Shiomi Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Takeji Yasuaki , Yoshikawa Yusuke , Natsuaki Masahiro , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Tada Tomohisa , Tazaki Junichi , Yamaji Kyohei , Tamura Toshihiro , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kimura Takeshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate utility of the complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) criteria in real‐world practice.BackgroundApplicability of procedural complexity criteria for risk stratification has not been adequately evaluated in real‐world practice.MethodsAmong 13,087 patients undergoing first PCI in the CREDO‐Kyoto registry cohort‐2, the study population consisted of 7,871 patients after excluding patients with acute myocardial infarction and those without stent implantation. Complex PCI was defined as PCI, which fulfills at least one of the followings: three vessels treated, > = 3 stents implanted, > = 3 lesions treated, bifurcation with two stents, >60 mm total stent lengths, and target of chronic total occlusion.ResultsThe cumulative incidences of and adjusted risks for the primary ischemic (myocardial infarction/ischemic stroke), and bleeding (GUSTO moderate/severe) endpoints were significantly higher in patients with complex PCI (N = 2,777 [35%]) than in those with noncomplex PCI (N = 5,094 [65%]) (15.4% vs. 10.9%, log‐rank p < .001; odds ratio (OR): 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–1.79, p < .001, and 11.9% vs. 9.9%, log‐rank p = .004; OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05–1.46, p = .01). In the 30‐day landmark analysis, the higher risks of patients with complex PCI for ischemic and major bleeding events were only seen within 30 days after PCI (ischemic; within 30 days: HR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.79–2.69, p < .001; beyond 30 days: HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.92–1.34, p = .26, and bleeding; within 30 days: HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.13–2.16, p = .007; beyond 30 days: HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.94–1.31, p = .22).ConclusionsPatients with complex PCI as compared with patients with noncomplex PCI had a higher risk for both ischemic and bleeding events mainly within 30 days after PCI.
Rice paste viscosities and gel texture resulting from varying drying and tempering regimen
Authors: Graham‐Acquaah Seth , Siebenmorgen Terry J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesHeated‐air drying followed by tempering (HAT) is effective for increasing rough rice drying rates without compromising head rice yield (HRY). However, relatively little is known about the specific nature of the effects of HAT regimens on end‐use properties of rice. This study determined the effects of drying air conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) and tempering durations on changes in rice paste viscosities and gel texture.FindingsRice paste viscosities and gel texture were not only dependent on drying air temperature but also on how long the rice was exposed to a given temperature during drying and tempering. Air relative humidity (rh) had an indirect effect on rice end‐use properties. Using different HAT regimens, peak viscosity was altered by 16%, final viscosity by 21%, breakdown by 24%, and setback by >500% compared with control samples. Gel strength was increased by approximately 40% with HAT regimens.ConclusionsHeated‐air drying and tempering conditions must be carefully selected, not only to minimize HRY reductions but also to minimize variations in the functional properties of rice intended for specified end uses. Likewise, HAT regimens could be selected to produce desired properties for specified end uses.Significance and noveltyInconsistencies in rice flour functionality are a hindrance to an expansive use of rice in end‐use, gluten‐free product development. This study shows that drying, a critical postharvest operation, could introduce variations in rice flour quality, which also implies that HAT regimens could deliberately be utilized to produce flour for various end‐use applications.
Flexible yet Robust Framework of Tin(II) Oxide Carbodiimide for Reversible Lithium Storage
Authors: Lv Zhuoran , Dong Wujie , Jia Bingquan , Zhang Shaoning , Xie Miao , Zhao Wei , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) can become promising electrode materials for advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), because their loosely packed porous structures may mitigate volume expansion and metal atom aggregation, which occur at the respective metal oxides. However, they suffer from poor electrical conductivity and irreversible structural degradation upon charge/discharge processes, which impede their practical utilization. Herein, we investigate MOF‐like Sn2O(CN2) as a new electrode material. The conductive yet flexible [N=C=N] linkers are tilted between [Sn4O] nodes and cross‐linked into a porous quasi‐layered structure. Such structure offers abundant channels for fast Li‐ion transport and tolerance of enormous volume expansion. Notably, anisotropic [N=C=N]2− arrays hardly migrate so that Sn0 nanodots are physically separated via robust [N=C=N]2− framework during discharge, thereby effectively preventing the formation of large Sn islands. Owing to the structural advantage, the Sn2O(CN2) electrode exhibits an initial Coulombic efficiency as high as ∼80 %. With the addition of graphite as conductive supporter, the electrode provides 978 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 even after 300 cycles. Such MOF‐like carbodiimides hold potential for the advanced electrodes in LIBs and other battery systems.
Photocontrolled DNA Origami Assembly by Using Two Photoswitches
Authors: Mishra Shubham , Park Soyoung , Emura Tomoko , Kumi Hidaka , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Endo Masayuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStimuli‐responsive switching molecules have been widely investigated for the purpose of the mechanical control of biomolecules. Recently developed arylazopyrazole (AAP) shows photoisomerization activity, displaying a faster response to light‐induced conformational changes and unique absorption spectral properties compared with those of conventionally used azobenzene. Herein, it is demonstrated that AAP can be used as a photoswitching molecule to control photoinduced assembly and disassembly of DNA origami nanostructures. An AAP‐modified DNA origami has been designed and constructed. It is observed that the repeated assembly and disassembly of AAP‐modified X‐shaped DNA origami and hexagonal origami with complementary strands can be achieved by alternating UV and visible‐light irradiation. Closed and linear assemblies of AAP‐modified X‐shaped origami were successfully formed by photoirradiation, and more than 1 μm linear assemblies were formed. Finally, it is shown that the two photoswitches, AAP and azobenzene, can be used in tandem to independently control different assembly configurations by using different irradiation wavelengths. AAP can extend the variety of available wavelengths of photoswitches and stably result in the assembly and disassembly of various DNA origami nanostructures.
An Integrated in silico Approach and in vitro Study for the Discovery of Small‐Molecule USP7 Inhibitors as Potential Cancer Therapies
Authors: Kanan Duaa , Kanan Tarek , Dogan Berna , Orhan Muge Didem , Avsar Timucin , Durdagi Serdar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) is a highly promising well‐validated target for a variety of malignancies. USP7 is critical in regulating the tumor suppressor p53 along with numerous epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors. Previous studies showed that USP7 inhibitors led to increased levels of p53 and anti‐proliferative effects in hematological and solid tumor cell lines. Thus, this study aimed to identify potent and safe USP7 hit inhibitors as potential anti‐cancer therapeutics via an integrated computational approach that combines pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and post‐MD free energy calculations. In this study, the crystal structure of USP7 has been extensively investigated using a combination of three different chemical pharmacophore modeling approaches. We then screened ∼220.000 drug‐like small molecule library and the hit ligands predicted to be nontoxic were evaluated further. The identified hits from each pharmacophore modeling study were further examined by 1‐ns short MD simulations and MM/GBSA free energy analysis. In total, we ran 1 ns MD simulations for 1137 selected on small compounds. Based on their average MM/GBSA scores, 18 ligands were selected for 50 ns MD simulations along with one highly potent USP7 inhibitor used as a positive control. The in vitro enzymatic inhibition assay testing of our lead 18 molecules confirmed that 7 of these molecules were successful in USP7 inhibition. Screening results showed that within the used screening approaches, the most successful one was structure‐based pharmacophore modeling with the success rate of 75 %. The identification of potent and safe USP7 small molecules as potential inhibitors is a step closer to finding appropriate effective therapies for cancer. Our lead ligands can be used as a scaffold for further structural optimization and development, enabling further research in this promising field.
Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Aprocitentan, a Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, in Healthy Japanese and Caucasian Subjects
Authors: Fontes Magda S.C. , Dingemanse Jasper , Sidharta Patricia N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAprocitentan is an orally active dual endothelin receptor antagonist currently in development for treatment of difficult‐to‐control (resistant) hypertension. In phase 1 and 2 studies, aprocitentan has been characterized predominantly in Caucasian subjects. In this bridging, double‐blind study, 20 healthy Japanese and Caucasian male and female subjects received 25 mg of aprocitentan or placebo once daily for 10 days and were monitored until 216 hours after the last dosing. The pharmacokinetics of aprocitentan were similar between ethnicities. At steady state, maximum plasma concentration was reached at 4 and 3 hours, and elimination half‐life was 49.1 and 48.8 hours for Japanese and Caucasian subjects, respectively. The accumulation index was around 3 for both populations. Geometric means ratios for maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve during 1 dosing interval were around 1, with 90% confidence interval ranging from 0.87 to 1.30. Aprocitentan was safe and well tolerated in both groups. As no clinically relevant differences were found between Japanese and Caucasian subjects, it is unlikely that the pharmacokinetics of aprocitentan would differ significantly between Caucasian subjects and other ethnicities. Aprocitentan can therefore be administered at a dose level of up to 25 mg in any ethnicity without dose adjustment.
Genetics of robustness under nitrogen‐ and water‐deficient conditions in field‐grown lettuce
Authors: Macias‐González M. , Truco M. J. , Smith R. , Cahn M. , Simko I. , Hayes R. , Michelmore R. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRobustness is the measure of the ability to perform well across multiple environments. The genetics of robustness in lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) under changing nitrogen (N) application was studied by two parameters obtained from linear regression analysis. Robustness in changing water application was assessed by two parameters: relative efficiency component (REC) and susceptibility component (SC). The efficiency, sensitivity, and the effect of reduced irrigation on these parameters was assessed for 50 lines of lettuce in 2011. Efficiency, sensitivity, and plant N uptake and utilization were important traits in robustness under changing N application. Eight cultivars were re‐evaluated in 2012, 2014, and 2016 under high‐ and low‐N treatments in order to estimate the repeatability of efficiency and sensitivity. Repeatability was greater for efficiency than sensitivity. In addition, the genetics of efficiency, sensitivity, REC, SC, nutrient concentration, nutrient content, dry‐to‐fresh biomass percentage, bolting, and shoot biomass production were studied by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cultivars Grand Rapids and Iceberg. The population was phenotyped in three experiments and genotyped by sequencing. Major clusters of QTL for these traits were identified in linkage groups (LGs) 3, 7, and 9. Minor‐effect QTL for sensitivity were identified in LGs 3 and 4. Intermediate‐effect QTL for SC were identified in LGs 4 and 7. These results provide evidence that the components of robustness under changing N (efficiency and sensitivity) and water (REC and SC) availability are genetically independent and can be improved through breeding.
Narrowband UVB phototherapy reduces TNF production by B‐cell subsets stimulated via TLR7 from individuals with early multiple sclerosis
Authors: Trend Stephanie , Leffler Jonatan , Cooper Matthew N , Byrne Scott N , Kermode Allan G , French Martyn A , Hart Prue H 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesAt the end of a 60‐day course of narrowband UVB phototherapy, administered to individuals with early multiple sclerosis, there were changes in the relative proportions of circulating B‐cell subsets. This study investigated phototherapy‐associated changes to cytokine responses of B cells when exposed to a TLR7 ligand.MethodsPBMCs from participants of the PhoCIS (Phototherapy for Clinically Isolated Syndrome) trial taken before (day 1) and after phototherapy for 8 weeks (day 60) were incubated with, or without, the TLR7 ligand, R848, for 18 h. Production of TNF and IL‐10 in seven B‐cell subsets was examined, with cytokine responses in each individual at day 60, adjusted for responses at day 1. Paired PBMCs were from participants administered phototherapy (n = 7) or controls (n = 6).ResultsAt day 60, significantly fewer B cells, particularly marginal zone‐like B cells (CD27+/IgD+), from participants administered phototherapy produced TNF in response to TLR7 stimulation. When responses by seven B‐cell subsets were analysed together using multivariate methods, a phototherapy‐specific signature was observed. An increased responsiveness from day 1 to day 60 in IgM‐only memory B cells (CD27+/IgD−/IgM+) after TLR7 stimulation also predicted slower progression from CIS to MS. Phototherapy was without significant effect on B‐cell IL‐10 production.ConclusionsReduced TNF responses after TLR7 stimulation in marginal zone‐like B cells from participants administered phototherapy suggested treatment‐associated priming effects that were detected upon subsequent polyclonal B‐cell activation. Changes in responsiveness to TLR7 stimulation also suggested that IgM‐only memory B cells may be important in conversion from CIS to MS.