bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of A5/a7 Noradrenergic Neurons and B2 Serotonergic Neurons in Nociceptive Processing: A Fiber Photometry Study
Authors: Moriya Shunpei , Yamashita Akira , Masukawa Daiki , Sakaguchi Junichi , Setoyama Honami , Ikoma Yoko , Yamanaka Akihiro , Kuwaki Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In nociceptive processing, the descending antinociceptive system (DAS) is well known to include a number of descending pathways.As the main pathway of DAS, the locus coeruleus (A6) – spinal horn circuit including the noradrenergic (NAergic) system andthe periaqueductal gray-rostral ventromedial medulla (B3) – spinal horn circuit including the serotonergic (5-HTergic) system are well known.OtherNAergic or 5-HTegic systems, however,are less well known. Some studies have reported that A5/A7 noradrenaline (NA) neurons or B2 serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) neurons partially participate in DAS.In this study, we recorded G-CaMP6 green fluorescence signal intensities in theA5/A7/B2 sites of awake mice in response to acute tail pinch stimuli, acute heat stimuli, and in the context of a noninvasive control test, using fiber photometry with acalcium imaging system.We first introduced G-CaMP6 in the A5/A7 NA neuronal soma or B2 5-HT neuronal soma, using transgenic mice carrying tetracycline-controlled transactivator transgene (tTA) under the control of either a dopamine β-hydroxylase promoter or a tryptophan hydroxylase-2 and by the site-specific injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV-TetO(3G)-G-CaMP6).The specific expression patterns of G-CaMP6 were clearly confirmed in the A5/A7 areasand B2 area.After confirming the specific expression patterns of G-CaMP6, we recorded G-CaMP6 green fluorescence signals in these sites fromawake mice in response to acute nociceptive stimuli.G-CaMP6 fluorescence intensity in the A5, A7, and B2 groups wasrapidly increased by acute nociceptive stimuli,soon returning to baseline fluorescence intensity.This was not observed in the context of the noninvasive control test.Weused mCherry red fluorescent protein as a control indicator. mCherry fluorescence intensity was not significantly changed by acute nociceptive stimuli or in the noninvasive control test in any of the groups. These results clearly indicate that acute nociceptive stimuli rapidly increase the activities of A5/A7 NA neurons or B2 5-HT neurons, suggesting that A5/A7 NA neurons or B2 5-HT neurons play important roles in nociceptive processing in the central nervous system.
Long noncoding RNA TSLNC8 Enhances Pancreatic Cancer Aggressiveness by Regulating CTNNB1 Expression via Association with HuR
Authors: Chai Wei , Liu Ruhai , Li Fengshan , Zhang Zhiquan , Lei Bao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Tumor suppressor long noncoding RNA on chromosome 8p12 (TSLNC8) is a newly identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and play an important role in human cancers. However, the function and molecular mechanism of TSLNC8 in PC progression remains to be elucidated. Methods qRT-PCR was performed to examine the expression pattern of TSLNC8 in PC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression and knockdown experiments were conducted to detect the function of TSLNC8 in PC. The interaction between TSLNC8 and HuR was tested by RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Results Our results showed a significant increase of TSLNC8 expression in PC tissues and cell lines. Upregulation of TSLNC8 expression in PC tissues was closely correlated with TNM stage, distant and lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of PC patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that TSLNC8 promoted PC cells proliferation and invasion in vitro, and enhanced PC growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, TSLNC8 associated with HuR, promoted the binding of HuR with CTNNB1 mRNA and increased the stability of CTNNB1 mRNA, thus activating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion Our present study revealed that oncogenic lncRNA TSLNC8 positively regulate PC growth and metastasis via HuR-mediated mRNA stability of CTNNB1, extending the understanding of PC pathogenesis regulated by lncRNAs.
A systematic review of interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues: identifying key behaviour change techniques
Authors: Rand Matthew , Norman Paul , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Members’ attendance at health and fitness venues typically declines over the course of their membership, with a likely negative impact on physical activity and health outcomes. This systematic review sought to examine the effectiveness of interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues and identify the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) included in effective interventions.

Methods

A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy was used to code the interventions. Cohen’s d was used to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.

Results

Fourteen papers reporting 20 interventions were included in the review. Most interventions were found to have negligible or small effects on attendance, although one had a medium effect ( d = 0.60) and three had a large effect ( d s = 1.00, 1.37, 1.45). The interventions used a limited range of BCTs, with “Prompts/Cues” being the most frequently used. Of the interventions with large effect sizes, two used “Problem solving” and “Pros and cons” and one used “Goal setting (behaviour)” and “Review behaviour goals”.

Conclusions

Only a small number of studies have tested interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues, with predominantly small effects. With the possible exception of problem solving alongside decisional balance and goal setting alongside review behaviour goals, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of specific BCTs. Further research is required to identify the key components of effective interventions to increase attendance at health and fitness venues.
Comparison of inequity in health-related quality of life among unemployed and employed in China
Authors: Zhao Ya-xin , Zhou Zhongliang , Fan Xiao-jing , Nawaz Rashed , Zhao Dan-tong , Xu Tian-ge , Su Min , Cao Dan , Shen Chi , Lai Sha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

In China, achieving the health equity has been regarded as a key issue of health reforms and development in the current stage. It is well known that unemployment have a negative effect on health. However, few studies have addressed the association between unemployment and the inequity of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The study aims to compare the inequality and inequity in HRQOL among the unemployed and employed in China.

Methods

The material regarding this study has been illustrated from the Chinese National Health Services Survey (NHSS) of Shaanxi Province for 2013. We have controlled the confounding factors by the utilization of coarsened exact matching method (CEM). Finally, 7,524 employed individuals and 283 unemployed individuals were aged 15 to 64 in urban area has been incorporated for this study. We use HRQOL as the outcome variable, which was evaluated by the Chinese version of EQ-5D-3L. Health concentration index, decomposition analysis based on the Tobit model and the horizontal inequity index were employed to compute the income-related equity and the contribution of factors among the unemployed and employed.

Results

After matching, unemployed people tended to express poorer EQ-5D utility than employed people. The horizontal inequity indices among employed and unemployed people were 0.0020 and 0.0077 respectively, demonstrating that the pro-rich health inequity of unemployed people was a great deal superior to employed people. Economic status, age, education, smoking and health insurances are the main impact factors that affect the inequality in HRQOL among employed and unemployed. Education status and basic health insurances reduce the pro-rich inequity in HRQOL for the unemployed.

Conclusion

It is suggested that unemployment intensifies the inequality and inequity in HRQOL. In view of the policy makers, the basic health insurances are still a critical health policy for improving health equity of the unemployed. Re-employment programs, the socialization of medical health insurances, initiatives to improve educational equity and the psychological counseling for the unemployed should be considered by government to attain health equity.
Evidence of Protective Role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) Radiation in Reducing COVID-19 Deaths
Authors: Moozhipurath Rahul Kalippurayil , Kraft Lennart , Skiera Bernd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. Prior studies indicate the protective role of Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation in human health, mediated by vitamin D synthesis. In this observational study, we empirically outline a negative association of UVB radiation as measured by ultraviolet index (UVI) with the number of COVID-19 deaths.Methods. We apply a fixed-effect log-linear regression model to a panel dataset of 152 countries over 108 days (n=6524). We use the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths and case-fatality rate (CFR) as the main dependent variables and isolate UVI effect from potential confounding factors.Findings. After controlling for time-constant and time-varying factors, we find that a permanent unit increase in UVI is associated with a 1.2 percentage points decline in daily growth rates of cumulative COVID-19 deaths [p < 0.01] and a 1.0 percentage points decline in the CFR daily growth rate [p < 0.05]. These results represent a significant percentage reduction in terms of daily growth rates of cumulative COVID-19 deaths (-11.88%) and CFR (-38.46%).Interpretation. We find a significant negative association between UVI and COVID-19 deaths, indicating evidence of the protective role of UVB in mitigating COVID-19 deaths. If confirmed via clinical studies, then the possibility of mitigating COVID-19 deaths via sensible sunlight exposure or vitamin D intervention will be very attractive.
Protein Secondary Structure Prediction Using Character Bi-gram Embedding and Bi-LSTM
Authors: Sharma Ashish Kumar , Srivastava Rajeev 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Protein secondary structure is vital to predicting the tertiary structure,
which is essential in deciding protein function and drug designing. Therefore, there is a high
requirement of computational methods to predict secondary structure from their primary sequence.
Protein primary sequences represented as a linear combination of twenty amino acid characters and
contain the contextual information for secondary structure prediction.

Objective and Methods:
Protein secondary structure predicted from their primary sequences using a
deep recurrent neural network. Protein secondary structure depends on local and long-range residues
in primary sequences. In the proposed work, the local contextual information of amino acid residues
captures with character n-gram. A dense embedding vector represents this local contextual
information. Furthermore, the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model is used to
capture the long-range contexts by extracting the past and future residues information in primary
sequences.

Results:
The proposed deep recurrent architecture is evaluated for its efficacy for datasets, namely
ss.txt, RS126, and CASP9. The model shows the Q3 accuracies of 88.45%, 83.48%, and 86.69% for
ss.txt, RS126, and CASP9, respectively. The performance of the proposed model is also compared
with other state-of-the-art methods available in the literature.

Conclusion:
After a comparative analysis, it was observed that the proposed model is performing
better in comparison to state-of-art methods.
Type I collagen matrix plus polyhexamethylene biguanide antimicrobial for the treatment of cutaneous wounds
Authors: Bain Michael A , Koullias George J , Morse Keith , Wendling Santina , Sabolinski Michael L 
Published: June 2020

Aim:
Determine the effectiveness of purified native type I collagen matrix plus polyhexamethylene biguanide antimicrobial (PCMP) on cutaneous wounds.
Materials & methods:
A prospective cohort study of 307 patients (67 venous leg ulcers, 62 diabetic foot ulcers, 45 pressure ulcers, 54 post-surgical wounds and 79 other wounds) was conducted.
Results:
Cox wound closure for PCMP was 73% at week 32. The median time to wound closure was 17 weeks (Kaplan–Meier). The incidence of PCMP-treated wounds showing >60% reductions in areas, depths and volumes were 81, 71 and 85%, respectively.
Conclusion:
PCMP demonstrated clinically meaningful benefits to patients with various types of cutaneous wounds.

Clinical Trial registration number:
NCT03286452.
Perspectiva del estudiantado en el uso de las actividades lúdicas en los entornos virtuales en la Cátedra Producción Sustentable, UNED
Authors: Bonilla-Villalobos Verónica 
Published: June 2020

La incorporación de las actividades lúdicas como herramienta de aprendizaje en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje se utilizó en tres asignaturas durante el año 2018. Con el objetivo de conocer la percepción de los estudiantes en el uso de las actividades lúdicas como estrategia de enseñanza–aprendizaje en los entornos virtuales. Es la primera vez que se utiliza en la Cátedra Producción Sustentable y a nivel de la carrera de Manejo de Recursos Naturales. La utilización de estas actividades proporciona un refrescamiento en la forma de aprender del estudiante, además, generó una sensación de satisfacción al realizarlas y ganar la mayor cantidad de puntaje o en sentido opuesto, de que deben repasar más la materia si no le fue tan bien. De los estudiantes a 83% les pareció entretenida, no obstante, para un grupo de estudiantes fue tenso. La primera vez que el estudiante a nivel de bachillerato se enfrentó a este tipo de actividad, se sintieron poco cómodos, sin embargo, el siguiente cuatrimestre se enfrentaron a otras actividades similares y su aceptación fue mucho mejor.
Desarrollo de habilidades investigativas en maestrandos de la Escuela de Posgrado. Universidad César Vallejo
Authors: Lora-Loza Miryam Griselda , Mucha-Hospinal Luis Florencio , Rodríguez-Beas Rodríguez-Beas 
Published: June 2020

Las habilidades de un investigador, son condiciones básicas, cuya actividad principal es buscar nuevos conocimientos en el campo científico; La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal, diagnosticar el nivel de desarrollo de habilidades investigativas de los maestrandos. El diseño de investigación fue descriptivo evaluativo y la muestra de 65 sujetos, a quienes se les aplicaron un cuestionario con respuestas en escala de Likert. De acuerdo a las habilidades observadas, los resultados evidencian lo siguiente, en el conocimiento empírico analítico un 13,8% demuestran un desarrollo muy alto; medio un 30,8% y bajo el 33,8%. En el conocimiento histórico hermenéutico el 1,5% alcanzo un desarrollo muy alto, medio el 20% y bajo el 35,4% y; por último, en conocimiento crítico el 4,6% muestran un desarrollo muy alto, medio el 30,8%, y bajo el 43,1% . Se concluye que, no existe diferencia porcentual relevante en el desarrollo de las habilidades investigativas según el tipo de conocimiento.
Economic Activities of African Migrants in Major EU Countries: New Approaches
Authors: Kuznetsov A. V. 
Published: June 2020

The growing interest in migration issues in the EU has not affected the analysis of African migrants. The focus is on social and political issues, while the economic issues studied are primarily related to the assessment of the reasons for the arrival of Africans in the EU, the trajectory of their movement, as well as the scale of remittances to their homeland and the conditions for their return back to Africa. The article focuses on the main features of African migrants’ economic activity in the EU. Instead of the traditional consideration of only one or several diasporas in a single country or a generalized analysis of the entire EU, we compare the specifics of immigrants from different African countries in the 4 largest EU member states (including the UK, which left the integration project in 2020). Our article begins with a review of studies that contain information on the economic activities of migrants from African countries. Then, based on data from Eurostat and national statistics from Germany, France, Italy and the UK, the role of people from Africa in these countries population is shown. The reasons for the differences between these four countries in the dynamics and structure of immigration from Africa are explained. Statistics of refugees, naturalized persons over the past 10 years, foreign citizens and residents with migration past are considered. France is the leader in the number of migrants, mainly due to people from French-speaking countries of North and West Africa. Italy stands out because it is targeted by many illegal migrant routes due to its geographical proximity to this region. The UK has become a target mainly for residents of former British colonies who are quite successful in naturalization in the United Kingdom (therefore, there are as many Africans without local passports in the UK as in Germany – 0.6 million). Further, it is shown that the key factor for taking a particular economic position in society is the status of migrants, their education also plays an important role (although Africans often work in places where a lower level of qualification is required than they have), as well as language barriers. There are big gender differences. At the end of the article we make conclusions about the problems of African migrants’ adaptation, although the EU countries cannot refuse to employ migrants in unattractive jobs in any case.
Global Cities as the Hubs of New Transnational Actors
Authors: Sluka N. A. , Karyakin V. V. , Kolyasev E. F. 
Published: June 2020

In the context of the world development paradigm shift and the transition to a network structure, so-called new transnational actors are beginning to play an increasing role in global governance processes, their activity is constantly growing and their composition is expanding. In the economic sphere their core is made up of transnational corporations (TNC), in the political sphere – of international organizations of different profiles and status. Placing their headquarters in cities, such structures, together with the institutions of traditional subjects of international relations, largely determine both the set of command and control functions over urban agglomerations, their competitiveness, sustainability of development and the variability of the configuration of the General framework of “centers of power” operating on the world stage. Their influence growth in the context of desovereignization process development means the approximation of the historical transition in the spatial organization of the international community from its traditional “countries-nations” model to the “archipelago of cities”, which is a set of centers of different rank and functional profile, closely interacting on a global scale.The global cities concept, which emerged in the 1990s, is aimed at revealing this phenomenon. The explanatory part of this concept is based on the superposition of network structures of global firms highly specialized business services in global cities. The article discusses the main directions in modern research of global cities, argues for the need for a qualitative update of existing approaches, and the importance of new transnational actors in their formation. An assessment of the dynamics and localization of the headquarters of the world’s leading TNCs and international organizations is given. The revealed asymmetry in their placement refutes the hypothesis that global cities are equally attractive. Based on the rating and grouping of centers, several types of hubs of new transnational actors were identified, including complex ones headed by “hegemonic cities” (New York, London, Paris), and specialized ones of various ranks – geoeconomic and geopolitical. Given the relevance and significance of the phenomenon of new transnational actors based in urban agglomerations, it is assumed that a productive study of the features of their formation, composition, specialization, placement and interaction mechanisms can become the subject field of a new scientific problem area at the intersection of a number of disciplines – geopolitical urbanism, which can make a significant contribution to the study of the contours of future global transformations.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Students of Faculty of Health Science and Technology in Ebonyi State University,
Authors: Anya Kingsley K. , Okoro Godwin O. , Onyenekwe Charles C. , Fasogbon Samuel Ayobami , Adebayo Ahmed O. 
Published: June 2020

Metabolic impairments could be seen at any point in human development. Although emphasis has been placed on older adults but it could be encountered in any age brackets. The aim of this study was to compare prevalence rates using different definitions of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) among students of Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology (FHST) in Ebonyi State University (EBSU), Abakaliki. Â This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 students (28 male students and 52 female students) recruited from among students of FHST in EBSU, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. MetS was defined in three different ways [by International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Programâ€”Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII), or World Health Organization (WHO) criteria]. Prevalence was found to be 6.3%, 2.5% and 7.5% using NCEP-ATP III, WHO, and IDF definitions respectively.Â The most common MetS components among female students using the NCEP-ATP III criteria were high blood pressure (5.8%) and abdominal obesity (5.8%), whilst low HDL-C concentrations, high blood pressure and abdominal obesity were most common among male students (7.1 % for each component mentioned). According to WHO, abdominal obesity (7.1%) and hyperglycaemia (7.1%) were the most common MetS components among male students. The most common MetS components among participants using the IDF criteria were abdominal obesity and high blood pressure. While some participants did not meet the MetS criteria of the NCEP-ATP III, WHO and IDF criteria (50%), many had one (30%) or two (13.8%) components and may be at risk of developing the syndrome in the future. The mean values of the risk factorsÂ used as criteria for the diagnosis of MetS were relatively normal in the study population thereby masking the presence of MetS, thus showing that the prevalence of MetS may gradually increase undetected unless individual members of the study population are subjected to laboratory investigation using different criteria for diagnosis of MetS. Therefore, traditional risk factors might be late markers for diagnosis of MetS since findings from this study showed that MetS was only detected in participants that already had it.
A New Generalized Entropy Measure and its Properties
Authors: Dar Mohammad Javid , Sofi Saima M. , Baig Mirza A. K. 
Published: June 2020

Â In this research article, a new two parametric measure of Entropy Â and its corresponding code word length Â has been developed. The developed measures are the generalizations to some well known existing measures. Besides, some noiseless coding theorems for discrete noiseless channel have been developed, and the results thus obtained have been verified with the support of an numerical example. Also, at the end of this research article, a comparative study in terms of Â monotonic behavior Â among the proposed entropy Â , Matahiâ€™s entropy Â and Tsallis entropy Â together Â with their respective average code word length measures have been made and graphically displayed.