bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Strategy and Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Adjacent Segment Disease After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Pi Guofu , Han Yu , Sun Jianguang , Huang Shilei , Li Feng , Li Chengxiang , Sun Xing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: There are relatively few studies on the treatment of symptomatic adjacent segment disease(ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF). The purpose of this study to compare the clinical efficacy of zero-profile(zero-p) intervertebral fusion and titanium plate combined with cage fusion for treating ASD after ACDF. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent ACDF and readmission due to concurrent symptomatic ASD from October 2014 to June 2019. Among them, 12 cases underwent anterior cervical decompression with zero-p intervertebral fusion (zero-p group), and 14 cases underwent anterior cervical decompression with titanium plate combined with cage fusion (titanium plate group). Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative Japanese 0rthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, neck disability index (NDI), dysphagia Bazaz grade, bone graft fusion Eck grade, C2-C7 Cobb Angle, and related complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The intraoperative blood loss difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The operation time of the zero-p group was shorter than that of the titanium plate group, with significant differences(P<0.05). The Bazaz classification of dysphagia in the zero-p group was superior to the titanium plate group 1 month after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the Bazaz classification of dysphagia and the bone graft fusion Eck grade at the last follow-up (P>0.05). At the last follow-up, the JOA score, VAS score, NDI index, C2-C7 Cobb Angle were significantly different between the zero-P group and the titanium plate group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups (P>0.05). During the follow-up period, all the patients did not have a rupture of the settler screw and esophageal injury and other related diseases.Conclusions: Both methods can achieve good clinical efficacy in the treatment of symptomatic ASD, and can restore and maintain the physiological curvature of the cervical spine to a certain extent. However, the advantages of zero-p intervertebral fusion including shorter operation time, reducing soft tissue injury, and less postoperative dysphagia.
Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Avulsion Fracture in Children with Suture Anchor Fixation Outside The Tunnel: A Retrospective study
Authors: Chen Sunyu , Xiao Zhanhao , Wang Jiankun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures are a special ACL injury type, classified as intra-articular fractures. Presently, the main treatment method is arthroscopic surgery, and various fixation methods are available, including use of steel wires, high-strength sutures, cannulated screws, anchors, Kirschner wires, etc. Joint fixation using wire binding could cut through the bone tunnel. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a novel method involving suture anchor fixation outside the tunnel to treat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures in children.Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the data of 42 pediatric patients (26 boys and 16 girls; age: 7–13 years) with ACL tibial avulsion fractures. Based on the Meyers–McKeever–Zaricznyj classification of fractures, 22, 14, and 6 patients had types II, III, and IV fractures, respectively. All patients underwent arthroscopic surgery for ACL tibial avulsion fracture; during surgery, double tibial tunnels were established, and high-strength sutures were passed through the tunnels and fixed externally with an anchor. The clinical outcome was evaluated by assessing the pre- and post-operative knee joint range of motion (ROM) and by using the Lysholm knee function score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Post-operative computed tomography and magnetic resonance images were reviewed to determine the status of fracture displacement, healing, and epiphyseal damage.Results: All 42 patients were followed up for 20–36 months (average of 27.8 months). Knee ROM increased from 48.2°±21.7° pre-operatively to 131.6°±8.7° at the final follow-up (t=23.119, P=0.000). The Lysholm knee function score increased from 37.6±5.2 points pre-operatively to 90.1±6.3 points post-operatively, representing a significant improvement (t=41.651, P=0.000). The IKDC score improved from 43.3±7.5 points pre-operatively to 91.3±5.7 points post-operatively (t=45.521, P=0.000). The imaging findings indicated that the fractures healed with displacement and there was no significant epiphyseal damage.Conclusions: Suture anchor fixation outside the tunnel to treat ACL tibial avulsion fracture in children reduces the cutting action of the sutures on the tunnel, minimizes epiphyseal damage, involves a simple procedure, offers firm fixation, and effectively improves knee function. This approach can enable early functional rehabilitation and achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy.
A Non-invasive Model for Detection of Undiagnosed Metabolic Syndrome in School Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lin Hu , Yuan Jinna , Hong Ye , Liang Li , Gong ChunXiu , Luo FeiHong , Liu GeLi , Xiong Feng , Chen ShaoKe , Dong Guanping , Huang Ke , Wang Chunlin , Chen Xuefeng , Derraik José G B , Fu JunFen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to develop a non-invasive model to detect the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in school children and adolescents. Methods: Participants were 7,330 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years, attending schools in eight Chinese localities. Participants had anthropometry measured and underwent fasting blood tests. MetS was defined as central obesity and a combination of abnormal glycaemia, hypertension, and/or dyslipidaemia. A prediction model for MetS was developed using non-invasive anthropometric and clinical parameters. Results: The prediction model had acceptable discrimination accuracy (AUROC 0.75) and 65.7% sensitivity. While its PPV was 36.5%, 72.2% of false-positives had one other metabolic abnormality beyond central adiposity. An alternative mixed process was developed: first, all children with central adiposity and hypertension were considered as cases; secondly, a prediction model was developed on remaining normotensive children with central adiposity, yielding possibly-helpful discrimination (AUROC 0.67). This combined approach yielded higher sensitivity (75.4%) but lower PPV (30.7%) with more false-positives, of whom 57.0% had one other metabolic abnormality beyond central adiposity. Conclusions: Most undiagnosed MetS cases could be detected in school children and adolescents with non-invasive methods. Importantly, most false-positive cases had metabolic abnormalities, so that the vast majority of cases identified by the models warranted medical follow-up.
A Feature Extraction Method for Person Re-identification Based on a Two-branch CNN
Authors: Li Linlin , Yang Bo , Chen Shaohui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A two-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for feature extraction in person re-identification (re-ID) based on video surveillance is proposed. Highly discriminative person features are obtained by extracting both global and local features. Moreover, an adaptive triplet loss function based on the original triplet loss function is proposed and is used in the network training process, resulting in a significantly improved learning efficiency. The experimental results on open datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Correlation Between Maternal Age and Fetal Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies: A 8-Year Single Institution Experience in China
Authors: Li Hong-Ge 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To date, it has been widely accepted that the risk of autosomal aneuploidies (including T21, T18 and T13) is directly related to the increase in maternal age. However, up to now, the relationship between maternal age and fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) was still unclear. This study aimed to investigate maternal age-specific rates for common SCAs (including 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY) in fetuses. Methods: We retrospectively investigated a 8-year experience of prenatal diagnosis for fetal chromosome aberrations by second-trimester amniocentesis at a university teaching hospital in China. 20,409 amniotic fluid specimens collected at 19–22+6 gestational weeks were included in this study. Conventional cytogenetic analysis was performed on all samples. Maternal age was as the only indication for the statistical analysis. The women were categorized into five age groups (≤23, 24-28, 29-33, 34-38, ≥39 years) based on maternal age at the time of amniocentesis and entered as a categorical variable in all samples. The correlation between fetal SCAs and maternal age was determined using the logistic regression analysis. A chi-square test was performed to compare the incidence of fetal SCAs among age groups. Results: A total of 179 cases of fetal SCAs were detected, and the incidence was 8.77‰ (about 1/114), far higher than the earlier publication of 1/500. The incidence of all SCAs increased significantly with advancing maternal age (SE, 0.014; odds ratio, 1.044; P=0.002), from 5.81 per 1,000 fetuses at the 24-28 years to 10.92 per 1,000 at the ≥39 years. The incidence of all SCAs was also significantly different among age groups (χ2=10.197, P=0.037<0.05). Specifically, the incidence of 45,X (SE, 0.037; odds ratio, 0.916; P=0.017) and 47,XXY (SE, 0.024; odds ratio, 1.127; P=0.000) had significant correlation with maternal age, while the incidence of 47,XXX and 47,XYY had no correlation with maternal age (P=0.473; P=0.272, respectively). Conclusions: Maternal age was ascertained to be a strong risk factor for fetal SCAs. The incidence of 45,X and 47,XXY was significantly correlated with maternal age, while the incidence of 47,XXX and 47,XYY was not.
USP14 haploinsufficiency ameliorates Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Xu Hua , Wu Xueheng , Liang Lu , Chen Haoyu , Xu Jia , Hu Wanyan , Li Xinci , Liu Qin , Wang Xuejun , Zhang Chang-E , Liu Jinbao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia; its main pathological features are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) consisting of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein (Tau) in the cell and extracellular beta-amyloid protein (Aβ)-based senile plaques (SP). The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main pathway for protein degradation in cells. Proteasome malfunction exists in AD patients and may promote the progression of the disease. USP14 is a deubiquitinating enzyme associated with the 19S proteasome. Functional inhibition of USP14 was shown to enhance proteasome proteolytic function, but no reported study has investigated the impact of genetic inhibition of USP14 on AD.Methods: Mice with heterozygous knockout of the Usp14 gene (USP14+/-) were generated and cross-bred with the APP/PS1 transgenic mice, the resultant offspring littermates were subjected to basal survival and growth analyses, and comparison of AD-like pathologies as detected with biochemical and histopathological methods and of cognitive function as assessed with the Morris water maze tests. Results:USP14 mRNA and protein levels in USP14+/- mice were decreased by ~50% compared with USP14+/+mice. The increases of total, K48 or K63 linked ubiquitinated proteins in APP/PS1 mouse brains were abolished in APP/PS1::USP14+/- mice. The increases in Aβ deposition and AD-associated phosphorylated Tau, senile plagues and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as spatial learning and memory decline induced by APP/PS1 were significantly attenuated in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that global knocking down USP14 protein expression by 50% is tolerable by mice and exhibits marked protection against AD-like pathologies in a widely used AD mouse model, favoring the exploration of moderate inhibition ofUSP14 as a potentially novel and viable therapy against AD.
Help-Seeking Behavior of Individuals With Schizophrenia in the General Population of Hunan, China
Authors: Ma Jing , Zheng Qiongjuan , Zhang Yun , Liu Chunyu , Tian Xuefei , Liu Xuejun , Hu Jiawen , Wang Dongxin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background This study aims to know the seeking help behavior (including seeking help or not, first choice, influential factors and barriers in seeking help) of individuals with SZ (Schizophrenia) in Hunan province of China. Methods The participants are from a larger epidemiological study of severe mental disorders in Hunan province of China. Self-made questionnaires were used to collect relative information. Results (1) Of the 367 participants, 68.9% (253/367) sought help; of those, 64.6% (n=163) pursued professional psychiatric services and 30.8% (n=78) pursued non-medical options (i.e., relatives, praying to Buddha) as the most common first choices. (2) The help-seeking behavior ratio (seeking help individuals/total sample size) is significantly lower in the illiterate group than in other education levels. Those with a family history of mental disorders tend to have a higher help-seeking behavior ratio. And the first choice of help is largely related to education level. (3) Frequent reasons behind not seeking help include fear of stigmatization (72.9%), poor mental health literacy (64.5%), concerns over cost (50.6%), and limited access to medical services (47.0%). Conclusions About one third of the individuals do not seek help. Individuals with SZ tend to choose psychiatric hospital and relatives as their first choice. A family history of mental disorders and higher education levels are meaningfully associated with help-seeking behavior, and individuals with more education tend to seek for professional help first. The primary reasons for not seeking help include fear of stigmatization, lack of awareness about mental illness, concerns over cost, etcTrial registration This study is approved by ‘the ethics committee of the Brain Hospital of Hunan Province’,the committee’s reference numberis ‘Z2019045’.
Functional shifts in natural forests under environmental change over the last 65 years are faster in colder regions
Authors: Hisano Masumi , Chen Han , Chen Xinli , Ryo Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Global environmental changes have significantly impacted plant diversity and composition over many decades. Maintaining biodiversity and composition is critical for sustainability of ecosystem functioning and related services. While global environmental changes have modified plant species and functional compositions in forest ecosystems, it remains unclear how temporal shifts in functional composition differ across regions and biomes. Utilizing extensive spatial and long-term forest inventory data (17,107 plots monitored 1951–2016) across Canada, we found that functional composition shifted toward fast-growing deciduous broadleaved trees and higher drought tolerance over time; notably, this functional shift was more rapid in colder regions. Further analysis revealed that the functional composition of colder plots shifted toward drought tolerance more rapidly with rising CO2 than warmer plots, which suggests the vulnerability of the functional composition of colder plots against global environmental changes. Future ecosystem management practices should consider spatial differences in functional responses to global environmental change, with particular attention to colder plots that experience higher rates of warming and compositional changes.
Differential expression of Toll-like receptors 1 and 3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis
Authors: Liu Ang-Jun , Wu Po-Chang , Ciou Jian-Ruei , Hou Pu-Wei , Huang Chung-Ming , Huang Po-Hao , Chen Yu-Pei , Chu Hsueh-Ting , Chang Hen-Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are autoimmune diseases with some overlapping clinical manifestations. SLE is characterized by systemic inflammation with vasculitis and multiple organ damage, whereas SSc manifests as low-grade inflammation with vasculopathy and tissue fibrosis. Recent studies have revealed that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play essential roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This study investigated the expression of TLR genes in SLE and SSc to determine their roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases.Methods: Patients with SLE (n = 15) and SSc (n = 9) were recruited from a hospital in Taiwan from 2016 to 2017. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells of the patients for next-generation sequencing (NGS). Then, We identified differentially expressed genes and associated pathways to explore the association of TLRs with SLE and SSc pathogenesis. Several housekeeping genes, including ACTB, GAPDH, PGK1, PPIB, SDHA, and TBP, were used to normalize the expression levels of the TLR genes.Results: GAPDH, PGK1, PPIB and SDHA are significantly different (p < 0.05) in patients of SLE and SSc. The expression levels of TLR1 (p = 0.018) and TLR3 (p = 0.031) were significantly upregulated in the patients with SSc compared with those with SLE, normalized by GAPDH.Conclusions: TLR1 and TLR3 can serve as biomarkers to distinguish the gene expression between SLE and SSc, normalized with housekeeping genes such as ACTB, GADPH and TBP.
A Network Pharmacology Analysis to Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Zhizi-Danshen on Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Shen Yue-hong , Wang Shu-lin , Wu Na , Dai Yu-chen , Zhou Qian , Shen Jian-ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveOur study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of the herb pair Zhizi-Danshen (ZD) for coronary heart disease (CHD) using network pharmacological data mining technology.MethodsThe Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to collect the active ingredients of ZD and predict ZD-related target proteins. Afterwards, we identified CHD-related targets from DisGeNET database, NCBI gene database, and TTD database. The common targets both from ZD and CHD were screened by Venny2.1, which were then imported into the String database for protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Finally, the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed by R software, and the network construction was established using Cytoscape3.7.2.ResultsWe obtained 199 possible targets from 62 candidate ingredients of ZD and 1033 CHD-ralated targets, with 83 overlapping common target genes. Then, 11 core targets were acquired from PPI network analysis. Further, GO analysis showed that these common targets mainly influenced receptor ligand activity，cytokine activity，cytokine receptor binding，steroid hormone receptor activity, and peptide binding. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that ZD affected CHD through seven important pathways linked to vascular endothelial function regulation (fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis，AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway), imflammatory effects (IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway，Toll-like receptor signaling pathway)，and hormone regulation (relaxin signaling pathway). ConclusionsThis study revealed the potential pharmacological mechanisms of ZD against CHD, which were mainly associated with regulation of vascular endothelial function and inflammatory effects, promotion of vasodilatation, and prevention of cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, it provided a novel conception for the development of alternative therapies on CHD.
Controlling methanol feeding for recombinant protein production by Pichia pastoris under oxidation stress in fed-batch fermentation
Authors: Hu Rongkang , Lan Dongming , Cui Ruiguo , Hong Haomin , Niu Yachun , Wang Yonghua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Methanol can be used by Pichia pastoris as the sole carbon source and inducer to produce recombinant proteins in high-cell-density fermentations, but also damages cells due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation from methanol oxidation. Here, we study the relationship between methanol feeding and ROS accumulation by controlling constant methanol feeding rate during the induction phase.Results: Higher methanol feeding rate increased the level of ROS accumulation caused by methanol oxidation. While the cell growth rate was proportional to the rate of methanol feeding rate, but maximum total protein production and highest enzyme activity were achieved at methanol feeding rate 4 mL/(L·h) as compared to that with 5 mL/(L·h). Moreover, oxidative demage induced by over accumulation of ROS in P. pastoris during the methanol induction phase caused cell death and reduced protein expression ability. ROS scavenging system analysis reveals that the higher methanol feeding rate, especially 5 mL/(L·h), resulted in increased intracellular catalase activity and decreased glutathione content significantly. Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis further reveals that the reduced glutathione might be beneficial for maintaining cell viability and increasing protein production under oxidative stress caused by toxic accumulation of ROS accumulation.Conclusion: Our findings suggest an integrated strategy to control the feeding of the essential substrate based on analyzing its response to oxidative stress caused by toxic accumulation of ROS accumulation, as well as develop strategy to optimize fed-batch fermentation.
Cost-effective Telemedicine System to combat COVID-19 in India: A proposed Model
Authors: Ghosh Debanjana , Mukherjee Piyali 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The telemedicine system has documented its concept quite a long time ago. Even though, it only got materialized a decade ago mainly owing to lack of channelization of knowledge and its usefulness. The proper and systematic use of this, can be a boon for a lot of countries’ healthcare system in the present era. The recent fear, the COVID-19 which has been declared a pandemic by WHO, has massively broken the structure of the prevailing healthcare system and the only possible and even better alternative that has been realized by many countries is the Telemedicine. A country like India with extremely high population and with a low per-capita income, is still fighting such an infectious disease without proper approach. Telemedicine can thus be a new light for India but no implementation models have been reported so far. This paper proposes a model and the means to incorporate telemedicine in the existing healthcare system to combat COVID-19. The model aims at creating both cost-effective and time-efficient solution to treat patients while maintaining proper distribution of resources.