bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and Children With Down Syndrome: is There Any Real Reason to Worry? Case Report
Authors: Kantar Ahmad , Mazza Angelo , Bonanomi Ezio , Odoni Marta , Seminara Manuela , Verde Ilaria Dalla , Lovati Camillo , Bolognini Stefania , D’Antiga Lorenzo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Down syndrome (DS) is characterised by a series of immune dysregulations, of which interferon hyperreactivity is a key one as it is responsible for surging antiviral responses and probable initiation of an amplified cytokine storm. This biological condition is attributed to immune regulators encoded in chromosome 21. Moreover, DS is characterised by the coexistence of cardiovascular and respiratory anomalies as well as obesity, which constitutes a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 respiratory disease (COVID-19).Case presentation: Of the total number of children 55 admitted to paediatric wards in Bergamo in the period between February to May 2020 for COVID-19 infection, we present 2 children with DS and confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis that had a severe course. In addition, both cases had one or more comorbidities, being cardiovascular anomalies, obesity, and/or OSA.Conclusions: Our observations indicate the need to consider children with DS a population at a risk of severe COVID-19.
A Novel Severity Score to Predict Inpatient Mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Altschul David , Unda Santiago R , Benton Joshua , Ramos Rafael de La Garza , Mehler Mark , Eskandar Emad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
IntroductionCOVID-19 is commonly mild and self-limiting, but in a considerable portion of patients the disease is severe and fatal. Determining which patients are at high risk of severe illness or mortality is essential for appropriate clinical decision making. We propose a novel severity score specifically for COVID-19 to help predict disease severity and mortality.Methods4,711 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. We derived a risk model using the first half of the cohort (n=2,355 patients) by logistic regression and bootstrapping methods. The discriminative power of the risk model was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). The severity score was validated in a second half of 2,356 patients.ResultsMortality incidence was 26.4% in the derivation cohort and 22.4% in the validation cohort. A COVID-19 severity score ranging from 0 to 10, consisting of age, oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, blood urea nitrogen, C-Reactive protein, and the international normalized ratio was developed. A ROC curve analysis was performed in the derivation cohort achieved an AUC of 0.824 (95% CI 0.814-0.851) and an AUC of 0.798 (95% CI 0.789-0.818) in the validation cohort. Furthermore, based on the risk categorization the probability of mortality was 11.8%, 39% and 78% for patient with low (0-3), moderate (4-6) and high (7-10) COVID-19 severity score.ConclusionThis developed and validated novel COVID-19 severity score will aid physicians in predicting mortality during surge periods.
Assessment of physiological status of felids as indicator of their welfare in the wild
Authors: Pavlova Ekaterina V. , Ivanov Evgeny A. , Kiriluk Vadim E. , Rozhnov Vyacheslav V. 
Published: July 2020

One of the main approaches to monitoring the welfare of wild mammal populations in the wild is animal health estimation based on an analysis of their physiological parameters. To assess that for the natural felid populations, we analyzed adrenal activity level, white blood cells (WBC) counts and occurrence of seropositive reactions to different diseases. The first study was conducted in the Southwest Primorye, in natural habitats of Far Eastern leopard. Unevenly cold and snowy winters in 2010 and 2011 provided extreme natural conditions for overwintering mammals across the Russian Far East. Adrenocortical activity of leopards was significantly higher in 2011 (fecal cortisol level was 712.7 ± 92.4 ng g-1) than in 2010 (361.4 ± 80.5 ng g-1). We suggest that abundance and availability of weakened deer and carcasses could facilitate hunting for leopards and help them to avoid starvation. In the second study we used WBC counts as a health index for three felid species: Pallas cat (Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, 2010), Far Eastern leopard (Southwestern Prymorie, 2011), Siberian tiger (Ussuriskii Reserve, 2010-2011). The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (N:L) was used as an indicator of stress and/or disease state. Occurrence of seropositive reactions to 12 different pathogens was analyzed in all the animals after the hematological analysis. Pallas cats had the lowest N:L ratio (1.0 ± 0.1), significantly differing from leopards (42.8 ± 16.0) and tigers (24.5 ± 9.2). The N:L ratio correlated with the occurrence of seropositive reactions but not with the pathogen diversity. Pallas cats had the lowest occurrence of positive reactions to 4 pathogens: Toxoplasma gondii (12.5%), Mycoplasma sp. (12.5%), influenza A (7.1%), and feline leukemia virus (8.3%). Leopards had the highest N:L and occurrence of seropositive reactions only to 2 infections: T. gondii (16.6%) and Candida sp. (100%). On the contrary, tigers had positive responses to 6 pathogens, including canine distemper (7.7%), feline immunodeficiency virus (8.3%) and Aujeszky’s disease (31%), which were not found in other cats. Values of N:L depended also on the time spent to get blood samples. In the big felid species effects of glucocorticoids on the WBC ratio (neutrophilia) were obtained in blood samples from anesthetized animals, taken more than 2 hours after capture. In Pallas cats blood samples were collected within 13 ± 2 min without anesthesia. Thus the high N:L ratio in big felids can be explained by several reasons: stress of capture, immunosuppression and a high diversity of detected infections. The present findings may have important implications for creation of effective conservation strategies of rare felid species in the wild.
Withdrawal Notice: Mucoadhesive Microspheres: An Emerging Trends in Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Singh Deepika , Choudhary Deepak 
Published: July 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Diabetes Reviews, due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

Bentham Science Disclaimer:
It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously
submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere
must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting
the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the
authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
An Efficient Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
Authors: Ram Anant 
Published: July 2020

Background:
VANETs (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) are the subclass of MANETs,
which have recently emerged. Due to their swift changing topology and high mobility nature, it is
challenging to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data amongst both moving vehicles
and stationary units in VANETs. In addition, the performance of existing routing protocols is not
effective due to the high mobility characteristics of VANETs.

Methods:
In this paper, we proposed a link reliabiliy routing strategy that makes use of Restricted
Greedy Forwarding by considering neighborhood vehicle density and the least, and average velocity
with its own neighboring vehicles for the selection of the next forwarder.

Results:
The proposed approach is based on the assumption that at every junction the policepatrolling
car (i.e. PCR junction node), forwards the packet to a vehicle onto the correct road
segment only. The link reliability is ensured by the mechanism of the selection of the next forwarder.

Conclusion:
The objective of this paper is to increase route reliability to provide increased
throughput without significantly affecting end-to-end delay. The simulation results reveal that the
proposed approach Reliable GPSR(R-GPSR) outperforms the existing GPSR and E-GyTAR approach.
The assessment of ethics
Authors: Hughes Clair 
Published: July 2020

That Australian universities value the development of qualities broadly related to ethics is evidenced through their inclusion in institutional statements of graduate attributes (GA). Early GA implementation strategies largely emphasised the mapping of specific attributes against existing programmes or courses. There is now a growing acknowledgement that authentic implementation does not occur unless GAs are embedded in assessment. The assessment of GAs is a problematic and challenging task, a situation attributed partly to difficulties in conceptualising GAs in ways that facilitate their operationalisation in teaching and assessment and partly to inadequacies in the development of assessment strategies and instruments. For many academics, the moral dimension of ethics so intensifies the assessment challenge that they are often not assessed at all. While these difficulties are acknowledged, this paper argues the case for the explicit inclusion of ethics in course
teaching and assessment plans and illustrates some of the contexts, including the student university learning experience, in which the development and assessment of ethics can be undertaken.
Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the way they learn
Authors: Friend Annalise 
Published: July 2020

Larry D. Rosen argues for the need to more fully embrace technology and to incorporate digital media when educating young technologically advanced student cohorts. Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the Way They Learn is a good introduction to recent research on the use of technology by young people, and the pedagogical potential of utilising the rapid and unique changes in behaviour of this demographic. However, the book lacks consideration of the ethics of such a pedagogical approach in terms of the implications for students' health, labour and other environmental factors.
View PDF for the full review
Stop plagiarism: A guide to understanding and prevention
Authors: Wallace Margaret 
Published: July 2020

Who would not be attracted by a book title such as Stop Plagiarism: A Guide to Understanding and Prevention? If you are a teacher, learning advisor or librarian, any clues you can find to help prevent plagiarism would be welcome. If you do judge a book by its cover (or by those details that can be gleaned in the first few pages) you might be attracted or repelled by the fact that that it has such an assertive title and by the fact that it originates in the United States. Are your concerns well-founded?
View PDF for the full review
The uses of digital literacy
Authors: Freund Katharina 
Published: July 2020

John Hartley's The Uses of digital literacy (2009) is the respectful son to Richard Hoggart's The Uses of literacy (1957), and seeks to update this foundational cultural studies text by examining the contemporary concerns of multimedia and digital communication. Through its eight chapters, Hartley's book covers a number of topics, several of which seem unrelated to the titular issue of "digital literacy". The first chapter is probably the most valuable for teachers, in that it suggests that educational institutions must teach digital literacy skills, and that these skills must necessarily be taught informally. Rather than admonishing students for their "inappropriate" use of Facebook or YouTube while in class, educators can usefully take advantage of the of the existing peer-to-peer knowledge networks of their students.
View PDF for the full review
Wikiworld
Authors: Walker Ruth 
Published: July 2020

Wikiworld (2010) offers an engaging account of the possibilities opened up in the area of education and digital media by 'wikis'. The authors, Juhu Suoranta and Tere VadÃ©n, point out that wikis, as decentralized web-based writing platforms, represent a 'new' ethos of participation, collaboration and co-operation for higher education. They explore the ongoing fascination with new technologies in moving towards a progressive transformation from the institutionalized and individualized forms of learning to more open and collaborative learning. In this book, which was first released as an open-content online publication, the authors not only put forward a challenge to the integrity of the 'closed' university system - with its emphasis on qualifications, competition and the marketisation of higher education - but they support this with a broader critical evaluation of the development of Western information societies. Participatory online media such as wikis are proposed in this book as ideological battlefields, whose central characteristics include voluntary participation, sharing and anonymous collectivism. These activities, the authors claim, are 'practices of actual freedom' (p.1).
View PDF for the full review
Ethics of internet research: A rhetorical case-based approach
Authors: Whelan Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Ethics of Internet Research is the 59th volume in the Digital Formations series published by Peter Lang and the first volume in that series dedicated to research ethics, a subject not substantively addressed by Digital Formations since 2003's Online Social Research. It is a good companion piece to Digital Media Ethics by Charles Ess, also released in 2009 but published by Polity Press, which concentrates on more 'structural' issues, such as copyright.
View PDF for the full review
Design and Synthesis of Novel Anticancer Peptide Nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Zhi-Gang , Li Zhi-Na , Yang Bao-Chan , Zhao Liang-Hui 
Published: July 2020

Cancer has now become a common disease affecting human health. Existing cancer treatment drugs can no longer meet the growing needs of cancer patients, and the emergence of anticancer drug resistance has exacerbated this phenomenon. By designing and synthesizing new anticancer peptide nanoparticles and studying their anticancer effects, new strategies for cancer treatment may be obtained. Novel anticancer peptides are synthesized by adding basic amino acids and solid-phase synthesis technology, and their structural information is determined by mass spectrometry. Nanoparticles of anticancer peptide were synthesized by nano-self-assembly technology. Two novel anticancer peptides exhibited anticancer activity, one of which was assembled into nanoparticles. The theoretical isoelectric points of the modified SZG3 and SZG5 are all greater than physiological pH, and will be positively charged under physiological conditions. The estimated half-life of SZG3 and SZG5 is significantly extended (30h), which is beneficial to increase the efficacy and reduce toxic and side effects. SZG3 and SZG5 have a good inhibitory effect on tumor cells and have low toxicity to normal cells.
Keywords: anticancer peptide, study, design, cancer, nanoparticles
Evaluation of Antibiotic Prescription and Utilization amongst Hospitalized Children in a Tertiary Facility in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Isezuo Khadijat Omeneke , Sani UM , Garba BI , Waziri UM , Okwuolise OB , Adamu A , Jiya FB , Amodu-Sanni M 
Published: July 2020

Background: Antibiotics are the most widely utilized therapeutic agents. Inappropriate use causes increase cost and antibiotic resistance. The World Health Organization recommends assessment of antibiotics use to guide prescribing practices.
Objective: To describe the pattern of antibiotic usage among paediatric inpatients aged > 1 month to 15 years in a tertiary hospital in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Methods: Febrile children were recruited prospectively by systematic random sampling from January to October 2018. Socio-demographics, diagnosis, antibiotics administered were obtained from case notes. The WHO indicators of use of antibiotics were employed for evaluation. Data was analysed with SPSS version 23.
Results: Out of 352 children, 318 (90.3%) received antibiotics; commonest being Ceftriaxone in 155/318 (48.7%), Cefuroxime in 74 (23.2%), and Metronidazole in 29 (9.1%). Average number of antibiotics per patient was 2.3±1.1 with treatment duration of 4.3±1.4days. Antibiotic consumption was 937.2 days of antibiotic therapy/1000 patient days (DOT/PD). Generic name was used in 92.3% while 100% of the drugs were on the essential medicine list. Frequent diagnoses were severe malaria 98/352 (27.8%), respiratory infections 39 (11.1%) and severe malnutrition in 38 (10.8%). Only 6 (1.7%) patients had microbiologic evidence of infection.
Conclusion: Utilization of antibiotics is higher than recommended. There is need for improved diagnostic facilities to avoid antibiotic overuse and its consequences.
Keywords: antibiotics, prescription, utilization, children, inpatients, DOT
In vitro antioxidant properties and inhibitory effect of extracts and fractions of Plectranthus glandulosus leaves on copper sulfate (CuSO4)-induced oxidation in human low-density lipoprotein
Authors: Zouheira Djamila , Agbor Gabriel A , Singh Randhir , Kamani Sylviane Laure Poualeu , Kajal Anu , Farooq Shah Asma , Ngnokam Sylvie Lea Wansi 
Published: July 2020

Oxidation of LDL has been suggested to be an initial step in the development of atherosclerosis. This research work deals with the evaluation of antioxidant potential of Plectranthus glandulosus leaves extracts and fractions as well as its protective effects against human LDL oxidation. A preliminary quantitative phytochemical screening was carried out. Antioxidant potential was evaluated employing in vitro hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide scavenging assays and TAOC test. The human LDL oxidation induced by CuSO4 inhibition test was also performed. Plectranthus glandulosus leaves exhibited the presence of 18.3% of saponines, 25.6% of terpenoids and 36.2% of flavonoids. EAF exhibited highest hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenger activity (IC50 13.63µg/ml and 24.59 µg/ml respectively). Ascorbic acid exhibited an IC50 value of 15.39µg/ml in hydrogen peroxide assay and 22.96 µg/ml in nitric oxide scavenging activity. EAF exhibited a higher TAOC (optical density 0.186±0.00) than that of ascorbic acid (0.162±0.001) at the concentration of 25µg/ml while at 200µg/ml N-BUTF exhibited a higher optical density (1.261±0.001) than that of ascorbic acid (1.065±0.001). EAF lengthened the lag time of the CD formation up to 150mins at the concentration 1mg/ml. TBARS formation inhibition at the concentration 0.5mg/ml, were no significant different between n-butanol (68.55%) ethyl acetate fraction (68.21%) and quercetin 67.69%). Plectranthus glandulosus is a promising prospect as an anti-atherosclerotic agent and needs a detailed study to establish the same.
Key words: Plecthrantus glandulosus; oxidation; LDL; atherosclerosis, antioxidant.
Association of Gout with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pulmonary Toxicity of Methotrexate: A Case Report about Algerian Women
Authors: Ouali Siheme , ZEMRI Khalida , KANOUN Khedoudja , HARIR Noria , BENAISSA Zahira , SELLAM Feriel , KAROUBI Karima , HEBRI Sid Tadj 
Published: July 2020

Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and gout is considered as rare however some patients may gather both diseases. Long-term treatment with Methotrexate may cause pulmonary pathology. We report a case of a 48-year-old Algerian woman with medical history (swelling of knee and joint pain in the shoulders and hands) diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), after 3 years of self-medication with Methotrexate; she returned with hyperurecimia that confirmed the co-presence of the gout and RA as well as a pneumonia confirmed with clinical sign and chest X-Ray. Methotrexate dose compliance can reduce adverse effects.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis; Gout; Pneumonia; Methotrexate; Toxicity.
Model Numerik Transpor Sedimen dan Perubahan Morfologi Dasar Perairan di Muara Sungai Toaya
Authors: Afni Nur , Mudin Yutdam , Rahman Abdul 
Published: July 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai transpor sedimen dan dampaknya terhadap perubahan batimetri di Muara Sungai Toaya. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah memodelkan transpor sedimen oleh arus sungai dan arus laut. Kecepatan arus itu disebabkan oleh debit Sungai Toaya, angin permukaan laut dan gelombang pasang surut. Model numerik telah dapat menentukan nilai kecepatan arus sungai dan laut serta transport sedimen dasar. Daerah penelitian ini berada di daerah Muara Sungai Toaya. Data-data pengukuran dilapangan (data primer) yang digunakan adalah debit aliran sungai dan sedimen, sedangkan data-data sekunder adalah batimetri, gelombang pasang surut dan angin permukaan laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kecepatan arus di Sungai Toaya sangat kecil. Kecepatan arus maksimum yang terjadi di Sungai Toaya pada saat perbani dan saat purnama adalah berturut-turut 0.006 m/det dan 0,014 m/det. Secara keseluruhan sebaran sedimen selama 31 hari yang terlihat di sekitar muara Sungai Toaya dominan ke arah barat. Besarnya konsentrasi sedimen yang tertranspor 0.0066 kg⁄m3 , dengan demikin maka konsentrasi sedimen selama 31 hari mencapai 0.03 kg⁄m3.
Kata kunci : Pola arus, Transpor Sedimen, Konsentrasi Sedimen
Identifikasi Aliran Panas Bawah Permukaan di Desa Lemba Harapan Kabupaten Tolitoli Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Hambatan Jenis
Authors: Armada Muhammad Ifal , Musa Moh. Dahlan Th. , Maskur Maskur , Badaruddin Badaruddin 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian tentang panasbumi di Desa Lemba Harapan Kabupaten Tolitoli telah selesai dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode geolistrik hambatan jenis dengan konigurasi Wenner. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aliran panas bawah permukaan. Pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 4 lintasan yang tersebar di daerah penelitian. Pengolahan data menggunakan software Surfer11 unuk memperoleh hasil berupa penampang dengan perhitungan faktor formasi dan software Res2dinv sehingga diperoleh nilai hambatan jenis lapisan dengan range 24,44 – 61,1 Ωm yang diduga sebagai aliran panas yang tedapat di bawah permukaan.
Kata Kunci : Geolistrik, Hambatan Jenis, Aliran Panas
Model Numerik Transpor Sedimen Dasar dan Perubahan Morfologi Dasar Sungai Tibo, Kabupaten Donggala
Authors: Nurnaningsi Nurnaningsi , Mudin Yutdam , Rahman Abdul 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian telah dilakukan pada model numerik transportasi sedimen beadload dan perubahan morfologi di Sungai Tibo, Kabupaten Donggala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pendangkalan berdasarkan hasil pemodelan numerik dari laju perubahan morfologis di mulut Sungai Tibo. Pemodelan ini telah menggunakan data pengukuran di lokasi penelitian seperti debit sungai dan sedimentasi dari hilir Sungai Tibo. Selain itu, telah digunakan data-data: batimetri, pasang surut dan kecepatan angin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan saat ini di muara Sungai Tibo adalah 0,001-0,05 m / s. Ketika pada saat air surut, konsentrasi sedimen menyebar lebih luas di wilayah laut dari pada pasang purnama. Distribusi sedimen cenderung ke barat setelah simulasi pada hari ke-15. Potensi pendangkalan juga terjadi berdasarkan hasil simulasi, dimana terdapat pendangkalan air sekitar 4,2 sampai 4,4 cm.
Kata Kunci: Sungai, Sedimen, Pendangkalan