bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD analysis of flow field in aromatics extraction unit
Authors: Zhou Chenglong , Chen Tao , Chen Tao , Li Zhipeng , Li Xingfeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The technology of monitoring and tracing the unorganized emissions of VOCs in petrochemical parks is a research hotspot. The characteristics of the wind field at the monitoring point are the key to traceability. Aiming at the Daqing Refinery aromatics extraction equipment, the CFD method was used to simulate the transient flow in the equipment area under 160 ° and 300 ° atmospheric wind. The results show that the flow direction of the local flow field at different positions is different, and the stability of the flow direction is also inconsistent. The local flow field at the monitoring point is related to both the location and the wind direction. When the natural wind changes, the direction and stability of the flow field also change. The flow stability in the vortex region is poor.
Research on Improvement of FQNPP Reactor Protection System Hardware Logic Design
Authors: Xun-Cun LI , Ru-Zhen Yang , Cheng-Jun Gong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fuqing Nuclear Power Plant Reactor Protection System has designed emergency control panel ECP, which is used to deal with the risk of loss of digital automatic protection functions due to common software failure. ECP is designed and implemented by analogy technology, which can bypass the computerized DCS system and use buttons, indicator lights, relays and other devices to achieve system-level protection functions. In practical engineering applications, it is found that the current ECP can not meet the requirements of post-accident control in some specific circumstances. Through the analysis of system design and accident management procedures, two design improvements are listed, compared and analysed, and the optimal improvement is given in this paper.
Secondary dolomitization of the Domanik black shales as an indicator of gas-water hydrocarbon-containing fluids upward migration in the Tatarstan territory
Authors: Eskin A A , Morozov V P , Korolev E A , Kolchugin A N , Valiullin R R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The share of unconventional oil reserves is high in Russia and Volga-Ural region, including shale oil reservoirs. It contains around 65% of the total volume of hydrocarbon reserves in region, according to various data. Shale hydrocarbons are widely used in Russia. The main part of the Domaniki oil black shale is confined to carbonate-siliceous carbonaceous complexes of the Domanik horizon of the Francian stage of the Upper Devonian system. According to previous studies in the Domanik formation sedimentary complexes of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province, two types of rocks are distinguished - the Domanikites themselves and Domanikoids. Domanikites contain from 5 to 20% organic matter. Both types of carbonaceous rocks have a practically similar lithological composition. The difference between them lies in variations in siliceous component content and number of authigenic minerals. If content of very fine-grained silica was determined by primary sedimentation factors, then authigenic minerals are indicators of secondary lithogenesis processes. In this work, an attempt is made to compare organic matter content with dolomite mineralization, which is an active agent in mineral formation.
Comparative geochemistry of the basalts from Vesuvius and Batur volcanoes
Authors: Kadyrov R , Minibaeva E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sedimentary rocks can form both directly during eruptions and the destruction of effusive rocks. They can inherit the geochemical features of parent rocks. Therefore, the study of trace elements of the effusives is significant for the interpretation of the erosion source. This work provides information about trace element geochemistry of basalts from Vesuvius and Batur volcanoes, which are located at different ends of the Mediterranean-Alpine-Himalayan folded belt and represented by alkaline (subalkaline) type of magmas. The comparison of trace element concentration obtained by atomic emission spectral analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed strong differences for a number of elements. Magma of Vesuvius, originating from a deep source, assimilated in its path the core material, which led to the eruption of lavas of the type EM I with high concentrations of Ba, Be, Cs, La, Rb, Mo, U, W, Zr. Batur relates to subduction arc volcanoes with the characteristic type of lavas HIMU, which are depleted of listed above chemical elements and enriched Bi. The basalts of these volcanoes have similar anomalies of the geochemical composition for most trace elements, suggesting that they have one close source that can be presented by subduction-modified oceanic lithosphere involved in generation of both HIMU and EM types.
Manifestation of infiltration–metasomatic processes in the Kazanian stage sediments of the Lobach Mountain in Tatarstan
Authors: Korolev E A , Eskin A A , Ibragimov R L , Barieva E R , Korolev A E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
For the first time in the Kazanian stage evaporate sediments of the Kama-Ustyinsky structure, metasomatites were identified confined to bituminous accumulations zones. metasomatites develops in microgranular sedimentary-diagenetic dolomites. The main dense core of metasotatic bodies is composed of marble-like calcite, along periphery of which there is ferriferous goethite-hydrogetite edge. Numerous calcite veins extend from carbonate core to sides, their thickness decreases with distance from metasotatic bodies. In the zone of metasomatites development, processes of gypsum lenses recrystallization and siliceous nodules dissolution, originally found in micrograin dolomites, are observed. The small size siliceous nodules are completely leached and replaced by calcite aggregates. Larger flints partially pass into translucent chalcedony and aggregates, consisting of large quartz crystals - clear rock crystal. The formation of metasomatites is due to aggressive hydrocarbon-containing fluids introduction into the rocks, as indicated by their spatial confinement to bituminous accumulations.
Conditions for the salt strata formation of the Upper Pechora Basin (Russia)
Authors: Shanina S N , Halamay A R , Sokerina N V , Ignatovich O O , Morozov V P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It was studied the composition of salt-forming brines, the composition of insoluble salt residue and the sedimentation environment for the Upper Pechora evaporate basin at the halite crystallization stage in the underlying rock salt layer (Lower Permian, Kungur). The results are obtained from studying individual inclusions in halite, chemical composition of primary fluid inclusions brines, the phase composition of salts, and the homogenization temperatures of single-phase liquid inclusions in halite, by their preliminary cooling. The obtained data possible to establish the accumulation of the salt strata of the Upper Pechora potassium-magnesiums basin in shallow-water depositional environments. The brines of the basin belonged to sulfate tipe of the ocean water. The concentration of brines during the crystallization in the underlying rock salt layer was close to the stage of potassium minerals precipitation.
The role of the leading formations of crystalline basement in the generation of clay minerals of weathering crust (East of the Russian plate)
Authors: Sidorova E U , Sitdikova L M , Izotov V G , Khasanova N M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The studied weathering crust on the basement rocks of the central part of the Volga-Ural anteclise lies at great depths under thick sediments of sedimentary cover. A diversity of initial basement rocks, features of formation and secondary changing processes of weathering crust determine interest for this geological formation and its uniqueness. Clay minerals play a major role in the composition of the weathering crust and determine its features. A change in the associations of clay minerals by the weathering profile allows distinguishing different zones, which confirm the zonal structure of this formation.
Modification of clays subjected to different stages of lithogenesis under microbial activity
Authors: Sofinskaya O A , Usmanov R M , Korolev E A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A comparative study of the influence of microorganisms on physical-chemical clays’ properties at different lithogenetic stages concerned the formation of contact strength between particles was carried out. Natural samples were taken for experiments: dolomite-clay marl from outcrop, the Jahorina mountains, the Dinaric Alps, Bosnia and Herzegovina; alluvial loam from spring, West side of the Onega Lake, Konchezero village, Karelia Republic, Russia; bentonite from the Biklyan deposit, Tatarstan Republic, Russia; phyllite from outcrop, Les Sybelles, Rhone Alps, France. The microbial community was added into moistened clays for 2-4 months. Before and after the experiments such analyses were conducted: X-ray powder diffractometry, determination of water content in clays, maximum hygroscopicity, dry bulk density, total organic carbon, macroscopic wetting contact angle, liquid and plastic limits; incremental loading oedometer test, ion chromatography of filtrate. The microbial activity enhanced the hydrophilicity of marl and phyllite. Multidirectional factors of toughness formation acted in clays subjected to stages between sedimentogenesis and late diagenesis, among which organic matter content dominated.
Fluid inclusions in vein calcite from the productive reservoirs of the Astrakhansky gas condensate field
Authors: Sokerina N V , Shanina S N , Sokerin M Yu , Kolchugin A N , Isaenko S I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fluid inclusions from calcite veins were studied the Astrakhanskoye gas condensate field. It was done for the identify the conditions for the formation of oil reservoirs located in bioclastic recrystallized limestones with vertically oriented fractures. Samples were selected from the core material of one studied well in interval 4215-4217 m. Two types of syngenetic inclusions were found in calcite: gas and gas-liquid inclusions. The homogenization temperature of gas inclusions is from -16.9 to 40 °C. Studying the gas phase by Raman spectroscopy show the presence of methane and hydrogen sulfide. Carbon dioxide, ethane, and propane were found in smaller quantities. The homogenization temperature is 100-130 °C of two-phase fluid inclusions. Probably, it is close to the temperature of the vein calcite aggregates. The aqueous phase of inclusions is represented by solutions of magnesium chloride. The gas-phase was not studied by Raman spectroscopy because of mobility. The total composition of inclusion gases in calcite is represented mainly by carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide, according to gas chromatography. Ethane, propane, and isobutane are present in smaller amounts. The concentration decreases from ethane to butane. Also, ethylene, propylene, and butylene were identified in very low concentrations. A characteristic feature of hydrocarbon gases is a decrease in concentrations from ethane to propane and from propane to butane, and it is typical for gas condensates.
Catalytic activity of hierarchical structure based on Ni-Al layered double hydroxide
Authors: Aliev A , Sharafieva Z , Popkov A , Isakov D , Sultanaliev D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the characteristics of the composition and structure of NiAl layered double hydroxide as a precursor element of the catalytic system are determined. According to x-ray fluorescence analysis, nickel content in layered double hydroxide was 86%, aluminum - 13%. The obtained elements of the catalytic system have a specific surface area of 158 m2/g and stability at high temperatures and pressures. The results of the study of catalytic activity in cracking reactions of C11-C22 higher alkanes in the presence of Ni-Al layered double hydroxide at temperatures of 450°C and 500°C and a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, with a ratio of raw materials to the catalyst equal to 30 are given. The products of catalytic conversion of the initial mixture of alkanes are C7-C14 normal- and isoalkanes. According to IR spectroscopy, unsaturated compounds were formed as the reaction products.
Composition and distribution features of microelements in high-carbon Domanic rocks, extracts from rocks and asphaltenes
Authors: Mikhailova A , Kayukova G , Vakhin A , Gareev B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of comparative studies of the microelement composition of samples of high-carbon carbonate-siliceous rocks from the Semiluki-Mendym (Domanic) deposits of the Romashkino, Pervomaisky and Muslimovsky deposits, which differ in mineral composition, organic matter (OM) content and spatial location in the territory of Tatarstan. The OM content in the rocks varies from 4.19 to 11.73%. The mineral composition of the rocks is represented mainly by quartz and calcite, the content of which varies from 24 to 61% and from 17 to 54%, respectively. Using the method of mass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma in the composition of rocks, extracts from rocks, asphaltenes and carben-carboids isolated from them, the presence of three groups of microelements (ME): biogenic, radioactive and rare-earths was established, and also the features of their composition and distribution in the studied objects, depending on the spatial location of the deposits and the material composition of the rocks.
Conversion of resins and asphaltenes under thermo-catalytic influence of magnetite at 200°C
Authors: Khaidarova A , Zaripova R , Mukhamatdinova R , Ibragimova D , Mukhamatdinov I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of magnetite on conversion of Ashal’cha heavy oil under the temperature of 200°C. The role of catalyst in in-situ upgrading of heavy oil is directed on the content reduction of high-molecular components such as resins and asphaltenes, as well as their molecular masses. The significant increase (10%) in the content of aromatic fraction and decrease in high-molecular hydrocarbons (8%) is observed. The results of measurements indicate the positive influence of catalyst on the rheology. Magnetite participates in destruction of associated complexes in resins and thereby decreases the viscosity of crude oil. The destruction products increase the content of light hydrocarbons, particularly saturates and aromatics. Investigation of temperature-dependent rheology characteristics revealed significant viscosity reduction in the products of catalytic aquathermolysis.
Evaluation of the effect of new-synthesized heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of ARP deposits
Authors: Ibragimova D , Ivanov D , Sharafieva Z , Shamsutdinova L , Milovankin A , Petrov S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article is devoted to the studying of the problem of the resin and asphaltene deposits formation in the process of oil production and transportation using the example of high-viscosity oil from the Ashalchinskoe field. The chemical method for the prevention and removal of ARPD, connected with the use of phosphorylated alkylphenols is considered in detail. Extraction of asphaltenes was carried out by selective dilution of the oil sample following by washing in Soxhlet apparatus. Hydrocarbon structure of asphaltenes was studied by the method of IR-spectroscopy on the spectrometer PerkinElmer. Paramagnetic characteristics of asphaltenes were analyzed by EPR method. Rheological properties of oil emulsion were studied by viscosimetry method using rotational viscometer One Touch Lamy Rheology. The graphs that indicate the dependence of the viscosity of oil emulsions on applied shear stress were plotted. The method of the “cold rod” was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the new organic compound.
Fractionation of Aschalcha extra heavy oil resins and studying their structure
Authors: Mukhamatdinov I , Salih I , Ziganshina M , Onishchenko Ya , Feoktistov D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we isolated resins from a sample of extra heavy oil and from the products of catalytic aquathermolysis in the presence of a cobalt based catalyst and studied their structure. In fact, an oil fraction and 4 resin fractions (R1-R4) have been extracted by liquid adsorption chromatography method in the presence of pure solvents and their binary mixtures in various ratios. Adding the catalyst to the system during heat and steam exposure for 6 hours leads to a significant improvement of the structural-group composition. Thus, the aliphaticity index of R3 decreased as a result of the detachment of alkyl substituents in aromatic fragments under the influence of catalyst and passes into lighter fractions of resins, as well as towards saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. From another hand, the oxidation coefficient also manifests itself in fractions R1 and R2 as a result of oxidative catalytic cracking processes, which also indicates a redistribution of the group composition. MALDI data have showed that the average molecular weight of resins for each of the fractions has decreased whereas IR spectroscopy has highlighted a change in their structural group composition.
Hydrothermal influence of heavy oil in the presence of minerals of carbonate rock
Authors: Petrov S , Lahova A , Sitnov S , Slavkina O , Shchekoldin K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A series of experiments with heavy crude oil was carried out modeling hydrothermal effects involving mineral compounds of carbonate rocks. Depending on the thermodynamic parameters of exposure, various mechanisms of chemical transformations of heavy crude hydrocarbons predominate, affecting its composition and properties. In this paper, samples of crude and converted oil were analyzed by various instrumental methods. The work on the aquathermolysis of oil was carried out in a laboratory batch unit under isothermal conditions at of 290-375°C and pressures of 1-13.5 MPa. In this work, component composition, chromatographic analysis, rheology, X-ray analysis of heavy crude and converted oil was carried out. In converted crude oil the content of light fractions boiling up to 200 °C increased with increasing in the specific surface of mineral compounds under hydrothermal influence. The results of X-ray structural analysis showed presence the of chemisorption processes on the surface of mineral particles as a result of hydrothermal influence on crude oil.
Prediction of the catalytic activity of Ni-Al mixed oxide in the hydroisomerization of n-alkanes
Authors: Lakhova A , Valieva A , Nosova A. , Petrov S , Aliev A , Bashkirtzeva N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the possibility of using mixed Ni-Al oxides as catalyst systems for the hydroisomerization of n-alkanes. A number of instrumental analysis methods were carried out, on the basis of which elementary lattices of the synthesized mixed oxides were modeled. A preliminary study showed that systems based on mixed Ni-Al oxides have acidic, basic properties. Their structure makes it possible to speak of the presence of molecular sieve properties, which will make it possible to obtain mono- and dimethyl substituted isoalkanes, which will lower the pour point of diesel fuel and at the same time produce high-acetane products. According to preliminary data, the best result is shown by a sample of mixed Ni-Al oxide with a ratio of Ni2+/Al3+ cations equal to two in the synthesis.
Super-viscous oil conversion in supercritical water fluid
Authors: Zakieva R , Affane B , Nosova A , Okruzhnov A , Bashkirtseva N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, experimental research results of super-viscous oil conversion in supercritical water are shown. Reaction mixtures consisting of super-viscous oil, carbon substances and complex catalytic additive were influenced by the conversion. A catalytic additive is a mixture of dispersed nickel and copper salts of carbonic acid, aluminum oxide and coal. A content increase of paraffinonaphthenic hydrocarbon up to 76.2 wt % against 40.8 wt % of an initial oil is a main characteristic of supercritical conversion products. Light hydrocarbons formation is implemented by aromatic, resinous and asphaltene components destruction. Based on experimental methods of super-viscous oil conversion in a supercritical water, a principal technological conversion scheme is proposed.
Early Cretaceous sea-level changes and major palaeoclimate events in the Northeastern Peri-Tethys
Authors: Zorina S O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Early Cretaceous quantitative sea-level curve constructed for the epeiric basin of the Eastern Russian Platform (Northeastern Peri-Tethys) is based on the results of facial analysis and quantitative paleo-depth assessment. The detailed evaluation of the Early Cretaceous sea-level cycles results in recognition of the sea-level and climate changes as controlling factors on depositional environments in the basin. Major climatic events are identified by the comparison between the global and regional sea level curves. “The cold snaps” coincide with simultaneous global and regional sea level lowstands, peak shallowing and the almost complete absence of strata. The Late Berriasian and Late Aptian “cold snaps” were identified in the Eastern Russian Platform. The Lower Aptian bituminous shales are interpreted as being a regional manifestation of the OAE 1a. The forcing mechanism behind this OAE is an abrupt rise in temperature.
Environmental perturbations during the Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (Early Aptian) in the epeiric sea of the Eastern Russian Platform
Authors: Zorina S O , Nikashin K I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Toxic environments are reconstructed during the OAE 1a in the epeiric sea of the Northeastern Peri-Tethys. Very high toxicity of sediments in conjunction with lack of oxygen could therefore result in conditions not suitable for benthic fauna dwelling. Black shales should be considered as one of the most important sources of the light carbon isotope in the atmosphere and oceans and the strongest emitters of methane. These data should be taken into account while estimating greenhouse effect in the Early Aptian. The environmental models constructed for the pre-OAE-1a, OAE-1a, and post-OAE-1a conditions may help to better understand modern climate changes using comprehensive analyses of oxic and euxinic conditions in the oceans and interpret the greenhouse processes from the geological past to the present time.
Kinetics of geopolymer’s solidification: Effect of concentrations and curing temperatures
Authors: Aman  , Awaluddin A , Ahmad A , Olivia M , Herman S , Fermi MI 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper report the experimental study on the kinetic of geopolymer’s solidification by determining setting time by varying activator concentrations of 10 M, 12 M, 14 M and 16 M, and curing temperatures of 30, 60, 80 and 100°C. However prior to the study of the effect the feasiblity of equipment using Vicat Needle. The transformation process of geopolymer crystal formation is analyzed by Avrami’s kinetica theory. From the results of the experimental showed the increase activator concentration and curing temperature produce shorter setiing time for geopolymer’s solidification. From the Avrami kinetic teory’s the growth form of crystal in the geopolymerization showed constant (K) of particle growth is 5.42 × 10-2 and the value of Avrami’s component n = 2.310 so that it can be concluded from the perspective of Avrami’s kinetic theory, the rate of crystal growth solidification in this geopolymerization process shows a two-dimensional structure.