bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted Quality Improvement Project&nbsp;Dramatically Reduced Admission Hypothermia in Very Low Birth Weight Infant&nbsp;in China: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Wang Li , Yu Yong-hui , Liu Zhi-jie , Liu Feng-min , Bi Shu-yu , Li Bin , Xu Hai-yan , Yang Chun-yan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypothermia is still a common problem and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in preterm infants, especially in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a targeted quality improvement (QI) project of hypothermia preventive measures in very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants in 3 tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in China.Methods: Based on the literature, our preliminary findings and the needs of each unit, our team decided to focus efforts on equipment (transport incubator, pre-warmed hats and polyethylene wrap), team training and education, as well as temperature documentation and workflow. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of hypothermia, defined as temperature (rectal temperature) below 36.5ºC on admission to the NICU. This quality improvement (QI) initiative used the rapid cycle Plan - Do - Study - Act (PDSA) approach. The outcomes of pre–quality improvement (pre-QI) group (January 1, 2018– December 31, 2018) were compared with post-QI group (January 1, 2019–December 31, 2019). The study enrolled preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation with very low birth weight less than 1500 g born at 3 academic, tertiary-care hospitals including Shandong Provincial Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, LiaoCheng People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University between January 2018 and December 2019.Results: A total of 636 VLBW infants were included in this analysis, of which 235 infants (36.9%) were included in the pre-QI group and 295 infants (46.4%) in the post-QI group. The incidence of hypothermia decreased significantly from 92.3% to 62% (P < 0.001), and the mean body temperature on admission to NICU increased significantly from 35.5˚C to 36˚C (P < 0.001). There were one cases (0.3%) of neonatal hyperthermia. Infants in the post-QI group had lower rates of mortality (16.1% vs 8.8%, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Targeted interventions can dramatically reduce admission hypothermia and improve the outcome of VLBW infants in China.
RNA Sequencing Reveals Transcriptomic Changes in Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum) Following NtCPS2&nbsp;Knockout
Authors: Xu Shixiao , He Lingxiao , Liu Huabing , Cheng Changhe , Cai Dongfang , Sun Jutao , Yang Tiezhao , Xue Gang , Xu Qingquan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Amber-like compounds form in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) during leaf curing and impact aromatic quality. In particular, cis-abienol, a polycyclic labdane-related diterpenoid, is of research interest as a precursor of these compounds. Glandular trichome cells specifically express copalyl diphosphate synthase (NtCPS2) at high levels in tobacco, which, together with NtABS, are major regulators of cis-abienol biosynthesis in tobacco. Results: To identify the genes involved in the biosynthesis of cis-abienol in tobacco, we constructed transgenic tobacco lines based on an NtCPS2 gene-knockout model, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology to inhibit NtCPS2 function in vitro. In mutant plants, cis-abienol and labdene-diol contents decreased, whereas gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA) contents increased compared with those in wild-type tobacco plants. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the presence of 9,514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 4,279 upregulated, 5,235 downregulated) when the leaves of wild-type and NtCPS2-knockout tobacco plants were screened. Among these DEGs, the genes encoding cis-abienol synthase, ent-kaurene oxidase, auxin/ABA-related proteins, and transcription factors were found to be involved in various biological and physiochemical processes, including diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interactions, etc. Conclusions: Our findings provide clues to the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying NtCPS2 activity, allowing for a better understanding of the interactions among related genes in tobacco.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Evolution may Cause Difficulties for Vaccine
Authors: Zhou Jian , Jingjing Sun , Lu Gang , Wang Wanchun , Wang Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great threat to human health and life. We performed a bioinformatics analysis to compare the sequence, structure, and epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in 10 different countries. Methods: The amino acid sequences of SARS-CoV-2 S protein were obtained from the NCBI database. We used DNASTAR Lasergene software to analyze the protein’s secondary structures. SWISS-MODEL combined with VMD software was used to construct a 3D model of SARS-CoV-2 S protein. DNASTAR Protean and the IEDB database were used to analyze the B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes, respectively. Results: The results of B cell epitopes analysis indicated that the epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 S protein in Korea and American increased, which suggested that the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in Czech, Korea and American might be enhanced. A small number of B cell epitopes disappeared in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein sequence from Greece, Australia, Sweden and India, which suggested that the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in Greece, Australia, Sweden and India may be weakened. T cell epitope analysis indicated that the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in Czech, Korea and American was enhanced, while antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in Greece, Australia, Inida, Sweden and Thailand may be weakened. The sequence of SARS-CoV-2 S protein has changed as the virus has spread, and the structures and epitopes have changed accordingly. Conclusion: The mutation leads to a decrease in the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2, which may be a mechanism for the virus to evade surveillance by the immune system.
Establishment of a Method for The Distinguishment of Taxilli Herba Parasitizing Mulberry, Willow, and Cinnamon Based on Dual-Component Measurement&nbsp;
Authors: Chai Zishu , Ru Mei , Su Benwei , Liu Renyuan , Lu Hailin , Li Lizhang , Zhu Kaixin , Qin Wenhui , Li Yonghua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Taxilli Herba (TH) is a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb that parasitizes different tree types, but objective methods to determine its quality and detect contamination from host substances have not been reported. Thus, we aimed to establish methods to improve the safety and quality of TH. Methods: We collected 10 samples each of TH hosted by mulberry, willow, and cinnamon trees from different regions and batches, along with twigs of the corresponding host trees. Samples were prepared by ultrasonic extraction with methanol as a solvent. HPLC was used to measure the content of quercitrin, the intrinsic component of TH, as well as of morusin, salicin, and cinnamaldehyde, characteristic of mulberry, willow, and cinnamon, respectively.Results: Quercitrin was detected in all host trees but not in host twigs. However, the accumulation of the characteristic components of the hosts in TH substantially varied among the three hosts. The contents of morusin, salicin, and cinnamaldehyde in mulberry, willow, and cinnamon twigs were 134.78-437.60, 1787.91-2564.65 and 7219.36-10783.21 µg/g respectively, and the corresponding values in TH obtained from mulberry, willow, and cinnamon were 0.27-4.27、102.62-545.83 and 11.33-120.97 µg/g, respectively. Conclusions: The host influences TH quality to varying degrees via the transfer of characteristic components. In this study, we successfully detailed a potentially generalizable, accurate, and reproducible dual-component measurement method to identify the TH host.
Identification of Core Genes Related with Trophinin-Associated Protein (TROAP) Expression in Liver Cancer
Authors: Ji Bai , Cai Hongqiao , Jiao Yan , Liu Yahui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Liver cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence in the world. Trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) was related with prognosis in liver cancer. However, the core genes associated with TROAP have not been identified yet. Methods: In this study, we performed in vitro cell experiments and bioinformatics analysis including screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Hub genes with high degree of connectivity was picked out by establishing protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Results: Our in vitro cell experiments suggested that down regulation of TROAP inhibited the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells. A total of 20530 genes were analyzed and 953 differential expressed genes including 529 up-regulated DEGs and 424 down-regulated DEGs were detected. 10 hub genes with higher degree of connectivity including BUB1B, TOP2A, KIF23, UBE2C, KIF15, CDC20, PLK1, HJURP, BUB1, and DLGAP5 were selected. Conclusions: Our study may provide some evidence for the future genomic individualized treatment of liver cancer.
Urban-rural differences in catastrophic health expenditure among households with chronic non-communicable disease patients: evidence from China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Fu Xian-zhi , Sun Qi-wei , Sun Chang-qing , Xu Fei , He Jun-jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) challenges the Chinese health system reform. Little is known for the differences in catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) between urban and rural households with NCD patients. This study aims to measure the differences above and quantify the contribution of each variable in explaining the urban-rural differences.MethodsThe second and the fourth waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, conducted in 2012 and 2016, were employed in this cross-sectional study. The techniques of Fairlie nonlinear decomposition and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition were employed to measure the contribution of each independent variable to the urban-rural differences.ResultsThe CHE incidence and intensity of households with NCD patients were significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The explained disparity of CHE incidence increased from 3.15% in 2012 to 27.04% in 2016, and the corresponding values of CHE intensity rose from 21.30% in 2012 to 53.37% in 2016. The major contribution to the urban-rural differences in CHE was associated with household economic status, education level, health status and supplementary medical insurance (SMI).ConclusionsCompared with urban households with NCD patients, rural households with NCD patients have higher risk of incurring CHE and heavier economic burden of diseases. Policy interventions should give priority to decreasing the urban-rural disparity in observable characteristics mentioned above.
Increased interleukin-6 levels in neuron-derived plasma small extracellular vesicles of subarachnoid haemorrhage patients
Authors: Lai Niansheng , Yao Yang , Yu Tao , Xia Dayong , Zhao Xintong , Wu Degang , Li Zhenbao , Fang Xinggen , Sheng Bin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious type of stroke with high mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve theranostics of aSAH. In this study, we are for the first time to report circulating interleukin-6(IL-6) in neuron-derived small extracellular vesicles(NDSEVs) were identified to be the potential biomarkers in prognosis of aSAH. Methods: We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the plasma of aSAH patients and healthy controls and were enriched by sequential precipitation and anti-L1CAM antibody immunoabsorption. Subsequently,we determined IL-6 levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Plasma IL-6 NDSEVs showed distinct pattern differences between aSAH patients and healthy controls. The IL-6 NDSEVs levels were increased and positively associated with disease monitoring and prognosis of aSAH patients. These data suggest an elevated neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients. Conclusion: The IL-6 NDSEVs maybe prospective biomarkers to indicate its progression, and thus may own great potential in applications such as prognostic evaluation of aSAH in the near future.
Research on Chinese word-formation
Authors: Feng Lang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pinyin text uses letters that are closely related to speech to record speech, but we don’t know much about how ideographic text is represented. We analyzed the relationship between the glyph and the meaning of nine thousand Chinese characters and found that the combination of the glyph is actually to construct imagery, and this imagery is the psychological representation of the experience situation that forms the concept of its character, so the meaning and glyph of the characters are ideographically connected. We find out the imagery and system structure of these 9,000 Chinese characters, and summarize the five cognitive modes of their combination. These results reveal the ideographic mechanism of the dual-code hierarchical combination of the internal formation of Chinese characters and its imagery, demonstrate the application of cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology in the study of ideographic characters, and put forward a guiding theory of Chinese word-formation.
Braking-Style-Based Optimization for Regenerative Braking System of an Electric Commercial Vehicle
Authors: Pi Da-wei , Xue Peng-yu , Cheng Qing , Chu Wen-bo , Fan Jing-jing , Xie Bo-yuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the development of intelligent transportation system, intelligent network technology has been studied on a large scale in vehicle field. Electrification of vehicles and drive-by-wire chassis provide possibilities for the application of connected autonomous electrified vehicles. Regenerative braking control is an important field among drive-by-wire chassis control technologies. Regenerative braking control is a multi-objective optimization problem, which has the aim of improving regenerative energy efficiency, brake performance, and brake comfort. Therefore, a model predictive control (MPC) is proposed to solve the problem with consideration of different brake styles, such as aggressive, moderate and conservative. Then, the models of the main components associated with the regenerative braking system are designed and built up in a typical deceleration process for simulation and analysis. The simulation results show that the aggressive style mode is the best brake performance, which cause issues on brake comfort as well. The conservative style mode makes full use of motor braking and has advantage of the brake comfort and regenerative energy efficiency. But, it is not good at rapid braking performance of low brake intensity. The moderate style mode is suitable for most drivers, which is balanced of the above characteristics. Finally, experimental tests under ECE driving cycle are also carried out to further verify the characteristics of proposed three brake modes.
Are "fibrosis-like" strips on chest CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia true fibrosis?
Authors: Sun Qiulian , Xu Xinjian , Yang Hai , Wang Guanliang , Li Jingjing , Wu Juan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the evolution and characteristics of "fibrosis-like" strips on chest CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: From January 17, 2020, to February 27, 2020, inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia in Enze Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, were selected. The chest CT data of the patients were collected, and patients were included in the present study according to the predefined inclusion criteria. The dynamic evolution process and outcome of "fibrosis-like" strips on chest CT were analyzed.Results: A total of 36 patients (20 males and 16 females) with COVID-19 were included in the study, all of whom were diagnosed with mild or common COVID-19; "fibrosis-like" strips were observed in 29 patients (80.6%) on the first chest CT scan, and "fibrosis-like" strips were observed in 7 patients (19.4%) on the second chest CT scan, Repeated chest CT during the course of treatment showed that all patients with "fibrosis-like" strips had varying degrees of absorption. "Fibrosis-like" strips in 15 patients demonstrated a trend of first increasing in number, and then decreasing in number; "fibrosis-like" strips in 3 patients demonstrated a trend of first decreasing in number first, followed by an increase in number and then a decrease in number; and "fibrosis-like" strips in 18 patients demonstrated a trend of a gradual decrease in number. Follow-up chest CT after treatment showed that "fibrosis-like" strips in 15 patients completely disappeared in both lungs, and "fibrosis-like" strips completely disappeared in unilateral lung of 8 cases.Conclusion: In the present study, we observed that "fibrosis-like" strips in COVID-19 patients had characteristics of early appearance and rapid morphological changes as well as rapid absorption, suggesting that "fibrosis-like" strips may be a sign of subsegmental atelectasis rather than fibrotic changes.
CXCL12, A Potential Biomarker and A Vital Modulator of Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) of Bladder Cancer: From A Comprehensive Analysis of TCGA Database
Authors: Wang Jinyan , Wang Jinqiu , Gu Quan , Yang Yan , Ma Yajun , zhang quanan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) played a significant role in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer (BC). However, there are few researches regarding the association between immune-related genes (IRGs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in TME of BC. Methods: We calculated the proportion of immune/stromal component and TICs in TME of 414 BC samples and 19 normal samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database with the help of ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from the comparison between Stromal and Immune Score and further analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, as well as protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and COX regression analysis. CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12) was overlapping from the above analysis. Afterwards, single gene analysis of CXCL12 was carried out through difference analysis, paired analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The association between the expression of CXCL12 and TICs was assessed by difference analysis and correlation analysis.Results: The results indicated that immune and stromal component in TME of BC were associated with patients’ clinic-pathological characteristics. We further confirmed that 284 DEGs were primarily enriched in immune-associated activities and CXCL12 was the most significant gene, which shared the leading nodes in PPI network and closely related with BC patients’ survival. Single gene analysis revealed that CXCL12 was down-regulated in BC samples and significantly related with the clinic-pathological characteristics of patients. Further analysis indicated that CXCL12 greatly participated in immune-associated activities through closely communicating with TICs in TIME of BC.Conclusions: CXCL12 might be a potential biomarker and a vital modulator of TIME through communicating with multiple TICs, which might provide an extra insight for the immunotherapy of BC.
Mir-483-3p, Mediated by KLF9, Functions as Tumor Suppressor in Testicular Seminoma via Targeting MMP9
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ruan Yashi , Gao Xian , Xu Kai , Shi Xiaokai , Qin Zhiqiang , Zhang Lifeng , Zuo Li , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Seminoma (SEM) is the most frequent testicular germ cell tumor with a high incidence in young men. The present study aims to explore the function and regulatory mechanism of miR-483-3p in SEM.Methods: RT-qPCR was performed to investigate miR-483-3p levels in SEM tissues. The effect of miR-483-3p on TCam-2 cells was assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, cell migration and invasion assays. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the interaction between miR-483-3p and MMP9 and then the recovery experiments were performed. Moreover, the potential upstream regulator of miR-483-3p was predicted based on JASPAR database.Results: miR-483-3p was down‐regulated in SEM tissues versus paracancerous normal tissues. The expression level of miR-483-3p was significantly associated with tumor stage by RT-qPCR. Functionally, miR-483-3p over-expression suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion in SEM cell lines. Mechanically, miR-483-3p negatively regulated MMP9 by directly binding to its 3’-UTR. The over-expression of miR-483-3p could reverse the promoting role of MMP9 over-expression on the proliferation, migration and invasion of TCam-2 cells. Moreover, KLF9 was identified as a potential upstream regulator of miR-483-3p and functions as a tumor suppressor.Conclusions: In general, our study suggested that miR-483-3p could inhibit the cell growth, migration and invasion of testicular SEM by targeting MMP9. Moreover, KLF9 is an upstream positive regulator of miR-483-3p and also functions as a tumor suppressor in SEM.
The Predictive Value of Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters in Treatment Optimization for Recurrent Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yuan , Guo Zhi-Xing , Lu Liang-He , Mei Jie , Lin Wen-Ping , Wei Wei , Guo Rong-Ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. The vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) pattern is an effective predictor of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection. The predictive value of VETC in recurrent early-stage HCC remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of VETC in patients with recurrent early-stage HCC after repeat hepatic resection (RHR) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Methods. From December 2005 to December 2016, 138 patients who underwent RHR and 188 patients who underwent RFA were enrolled. VETC was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for CD34. The survival outcomes of treatment for patients with or without the VETC pattern was investigated. Results. Among VETC-positive HCC patients, 50 patients underwent RHR, and 69 patients underwent RFA; among VETC-negative HCC patients, 88 patients underwent RHR, and 119 patients underwent RFA. There was no significant difference between the RHR and RFA groups in disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) as determined by univariate analysis of the whole cohort. In the subgroup analysis of the VETC-positive cohort, the patients in the RHR group had a longer median DFS time compared to those in the RFA group (15.0 vs 5.0 months, P=0.001). Similarly, the patients in the RHR group had a longer median OS time compared to those in the RFA group (39.5 vs 19 months, P=0.001). In the VETC-negative cohort, there was no significant difference in DFS and OS rates between the RHR and RFA groups (P>0.05).Conclusions. The results of our study suggested that RHR was relatively safe and superior to RFA in improving survival outcomes for recurrent early-stage HCC after initial hepatectomy. Furthermore, the VETC pattern may represent a reliable marker for selecting HCC patients who may benefit from RHR.