bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Cytokinin sensor TCSv2 in Arabidopsis and Tomato
Authors: Steiner Evyatar , Israeli Alon , Gupta Rupali , Shwartz Ido , Nir Ido , Leibman-Markus Meirav , Tal Lior , Farber Mika , Amsalem Ziva , Ori Naomi , Muller Bruno , Bar Maya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Hormones are crucial to plant life and development. Being able to follow the plants hormonal response to various stimuli and throughout developmental processes is an important and increasingly widespread tool. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) has crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Results: Here we describe a version of the CK sensor Two Component signaling Sensor (TCS), referred to as TCSv2. TCSv2 has a different arrangement of binding motifs when compared to previous TCS versions, resulting in increased sensitivity in some examined tissues. Here, we examine the CK responsiveness and distribution pattern of TCSv2 in arabidopsis and tomato. Conclusions: the increased sensitivity and reported expression pattern of TCSv2 make it an ideal TCS version to study CK response in particular hosts, such as tomato, and particular tissues, such as leaves and flowers.
Relationships between test positivity rate, total laboratory confirmed cases of malaria, and malaria incidence in high burden settings of Uganda: An ecological analysis
Authors: Okiring Jaffer , Epstein Adrienne , Namuganga Jane F. , Kamya Victor , Sserwanga Asadu , Kapisi James , Ebong Chris , Kigozi Simon P. , Mpimbaza Arthur , Wanzira Humphrey , Briggs Jessica , Kamya Moses R. , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Dorsey Grant 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria surveillance is critical for monitoring changes in malaria morbidity over time. National Malaria Control Programs often rely on surrogate measures of malaria incidence, including the test positivity rate (TPR) and total laboratory confirmed cases of malaria (TCM), to monitor trends in malaria morbidity. However, there are limited data on the accuracy of TPR and TCM for predicting temporal changes in malaria incidence, especially in high burden settings.Methods: This study leveraged data from 5 malaria reference centers (MRCs) located in high burden settings over a 15-month period from November 2018 through January 2020 as part of an enhanced health facility-based surveillance system established in Uganda. Individual level data were collected from all outpatients including demographics, laboratory test results, and village of residence. Estimates of malaria incidence were derived from catchment areas around the MRCs. Temporal relationships between monthly aggregate measures of TPR and TCM relative to estimates of malaria incidence were examined using linear and exponential regression models. Results: A total of 149,739 outpatient visits to the 5 MRCs were recorded. Overall, malaria was suspected in 73.4% of visits, 99.1% of patients with suspected malaria received a diagnostic test, and 69.7% of those tested for malaria were positive. Temporal correlations between monthly measures of TPR and malaria incidence using linear and exponential regression models were relatively poor, with small changes in TPR frequently associated with large changes in malaria incidence. Linear regression models of temporal changes in TCM provided the most parsimonious and accurate predictor of changes in malaria incidence, with adjusted R2 values ranging from 0.81 to 0.98 across the 5 MRCs. However, the slope of the regression lines indicating the change in malaria incidence per unit change in TCM varied from 0.57 to 2.13 across the 5 MRCs, and when combining data across all 5 sites, the R2 value reduced to 0.38. Conclusions: In high malaria burden areas of Uganda, site-specific temporal changes in TCM had a strong linear relationship with malaria incidence and were a more useful metric than TPR. However, caution should be taken when comparing changes in TCM across sites.
Polyaniline Nanoskein: Synthetic Method, Characterization, and Redox Sensing
Authors: Hong Yoochan , Kim Hyun Soo , Lee Taeha , Lee Gyudo , Kwon Ohwon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Polyaniline nanoskein (PANS), which have polyaniline nanofibers, is developed. PANS is formulated via sequential extracting, heating, and swelling processes. The compositions of PANS have been analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, and the results of which indicate that PANS is composed of solely organic materials. Moreover, PANS have been shown convertible absorbance characteristics according to surrounding acidic environments, and using these characteristics, the possibility of PANS for sensing of surrounding redox states changes is presented.
Correlation analysis of MTHFD1 gene polymorphisms and neural tube defects in Han population of Northern China
Authors: Fang Yulian , Liu Yan , Shu Jian-Bo , Zhao Lin-Sheng , Wang Lu , Wang Xue-Tao , Zhi Xiu-Fang , Zheng Jie , Shi Ou-Yan , Cai Chun-Quan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Neural tube defects (NTDs) is a common birth defects worldwide. The methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase1 (MTHFD1) gene has been proved to play an important role in folate metabolism, which was strongly associated with the increased NTDs risk. The study is aimed to explore the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MTHFD1 gene with NTDs susceptibility.
Methods
A case-control study was conducted on children who included 152 NTDs patients and 169 healthy controls. Tag-SNPs were identified in HapMap database. Then, we investigated the association between NTDs and four selected tag-SNPs in MTHFD1 gene: rs1950902, rs2236225, rs2236224, rs11849530. We also performed a meta-analysis based on previous published studies to further evaluate the association.
Results
The results indicated that rs2236225 polymorphism displayed a significant association with NTDs risk (AA vs. GG: OR = 2.862, 95%CI = 1.022ཞ8.015; GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.619, 95%CI = 1.040ཞ2.520; A vs. G: OR = 1.500, 95%CI = 1.061ཞ2.120). In addition, rs2236224 polymorphism was correlated with increased NTDs risk (TT vs. CC: OR = 2.559, 95%CI = 1.128ཞ5.804; CT + TT vs. CC; OR = 1.631, 95%CI = 1.041ཞ2.556; T vs C: OR = 1.489, 95%CI = 1.072ཞ2.068). Further analysis showed the harmful effect of rs2236225 polymorphism was further supported by the result of meta-analysis. Meanwhile, haplotype analysis results showed that A-A and T-A haplotypes were correlated with increased NTDs risk, but C-A haplotype might decrease NTDs risk.
Conclusions
The results indicated that rs2236225 and rs2236224 polymorphisms of MTHFD1 gene were significantly associated with NTDs susceptibility in Han population of Northern China.
Pollution Control for Nature Surface Water&nbsp;
Authors: Fakron Malik 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The huge amounts of pollutants in nature surface water in. This contaminates due to different operations in surface water. During the past fifty years, increasing attention has centered on the discharge of sewage into coastal waters. This practice has been widely criticized on the grounds that sewage-polluted seawater is a health hazard to bathers. The pollution of the surface water is becoming more and more serious. The marine environment has undergone great changes. This research is presented two methods to control pollution and rehabilitation environment. First method by using temporary floating a waterfall for removing containment from the surface water and reducing concentration total suspended matter in surface water and reducing concentrations for phosphate, nitrogen, organic carbon. Second method by using towed rotating biological contactors to reducing concentrations for phosphate, nitrogen, and organic carbon. To control effects of algae bloom occurs. These two methods are converted to heterogeneous reactor with solid catalysts; this reactor is multi step treatment. First step is screening and second step is solid catalyst bed reactor. As waterfall or towed rotating biological contactor is multi bed reactor. The water quality assessment for selection best scheme for enhancement water quality for surface water is based on acceptable japan environmental ministry guidelines for surface water quality level for bathing.
Substrate-biased activity-based probes identify the urokinase-plasminogen axis as a master regulator of metastatic signaling by orphan membrane receptor CDCP1
Authors: Kryza Thomas , Khan Tashbib , Lovell Scott , Harrington Brittney S. , Yin Julia , Porazinski Sean , Pajic Marina , Koistinen Hannu , Rantala Juha , Dreyer Tobias , Magdolen Viktor , Reuning Ute , He Yaowu , Tate Edward , Hooper John David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
CDCP1 is an oncogenic orphan transmembrane receptor and a promising target for detection and treatment of cancer. Extracellular proteolysis of CDCP1 by poorly defined mechanisms induces pro-metastatic signaling. We describe a novel approach for rapid identification of proteases responsible for key proteolytic events exploiting a substrate-biased activity-based probe (sbABP) that incorporates a substrate cleavage motif grafted onto a peptidyl-diphenyl-phosphonate warhead for specific target protease capture, isolation and identification. Using a CDCP1-biased probe we identify urokinase (uPA) as the master regulator of CDCP1 proteolysis, both by direct cleavage and via activation of CDCP1-cleaving plasmin. We show that co-expression of uPA and CDCP1 is strongly predictive of poor disease outcome across multiple cancers and demonstrate that uPA-mediated CDCP1 proteolysis promotes metastasis in disease-relevant preclinical in vivo models. These results highlight CDCP1 cleavage as a potential target to disrupt cancer and establish sbABP technology as a new approach to identify disease-relevant proteases.
Spatial transcriptome sequencing of FFPE tissues at cellular level
Authors: Liu Yang , Enninful Archibald , Deng Yanxiang , Fan Rong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are the most abundant archivable specimens in clinical tissue banks, but unfortunately incompatible with single-cell level whole transcriptome sequencing due to RNA degradation in storage and RNA damage in extraction. We developed an in-tissue barcoding approach namely DBiT-seq for spatially revolved whole transcriptome sequencing at cellular level, which required no tissue dissociation or RNA exaction, thus potentially more suited for FFPE samples. Herein, we demonstrated spatial transcriptome sequencing of embryonic and adult mouse FFPE tissue sections at cellular level (25µm pixel size) with high coverage (>1,000 genes per pixel). Spatial transcriptome of an E10.5 mouse embryo identified all major anatomical features in the brain and abdominal region. Integration with single-cell RNA-seq data for cell type identification indicated that most tissue pixels were dominated by single-cell transcriptional phenotype. Spatial mapping of adult mouse aorta, atrium, and ventricle tissues identified the spatial distribution of a variety of cell types. Spatial transcriptome sequencing of FFPE samples at cellular level may provide enormous opportunities in a wide range of biomedical research. It may allow us to exploit the huge resource of clinical tissue specimens to study human disease mechanisms and discover tissue biomarkers or therapeutic targets
The conserved core component EsaA mediates bacterial killing by the type VIIb secretion system
Authors: Mietrach Nicole , Damián-Aparicio Diana , Isupov Michail , Krupka Marcin , Lopez Daniel , Geibel Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Type VII secretion systems (T7SS) are employed by Gram-positive bacteria to infect the host or to intoxicate bacterial competitors. Bacterial killing mediated by other secretion systems involves the assembly of large, extracellular structures promoting toxin delivery into bacterial competitors. However, such extracellular structures are not known for T7SS nor is it known whether the secreted toxins have cell-penetrating properties. Here, we used a multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most relevant hospital-associated bacterial pathogens, to study the mechanism of bacterial killing by the T7SSb. We report the proteolytic resistant, extracellular structure of the EsaA core component, which is an integral part of the membrane-embedded T7SSb secretion machine. The extracellular structure of EsaA has an elongated antenna-like shape providing an explanation how the T7SSb spans the staphylococcal cell wall. We demonstrate that the extracellular structure of EsaA has an essential function in secretion and contributes to the killing of prey bacteria. We show that the bactericidal activity of EsaA can be attributed to a membrane-damaging activity that leads to the permeabilization of phospholipid bilayers and could facilitate the delivery of antibacterial toxin into bacterial competitors. The structural similarity of the EsaA tip domain to bacterial lectins and human integrins suggests an additional function of EsaA in cell adhesion during infection or in targeting of bacterial competitors.
Structural Characteristics and Functional Analysis of Gut Microbiome in Patients with Osteoarthritis
Authors: Xie Zheng , Pi Guofu , Xu Zhiming , Li Chengxiang , Sun Xing , Chen Yangyang , Li Feng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveRecent studies illustrated that changes of gut microbiome in human body may be related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to determine the difference of gut microbiome between patients with osteoarthritis and normal people.MethodsThe samples were collected from 56 patients with osteoarthritis (34 females) and 52 healthy subjects (28 females). High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to analyze the classification and composition of gut microbiome in OA patients, and then we used Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) to find out the main differential bacteria and biomarkers in OA patients. At last, PICRUSt was applied to predict the genomic function of gut microbiome in OA patients, and we explored its mechanism in the development of the OA.ResultsThe association between gut microbiome and osteoarthritis has not been demonstrated in detail. Herein, we investigated the gut microbiome of OA patients and its relationship with the disease to evaluate the potential of the gut microbiome in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis. And we identified that there are significant differences in the β diversity of the gut microbial composition between the control group and OA patients (p＜0.05, respectively), and Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium and Alistipes have the potential to become biomarkers of osteoarthritis. Besides, the genomes of gut microbiome in OA patients are enriched in metabolic pathways and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (p=0.049, p=0.005), but in signal pathways related to apoptosis, the degree of enrichment was significantly higher than that of healthy people (p=0.006).ConclusionOur research identified that the community composition of gut microbiome in OA patients was different from that in normal groups and explored the role of gut microbiome in the development of osteoarthritis, which may provide a new theoretical basis for the study of osteoarthritis.
Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage-fluid soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) concentration for neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhou Jingqian , Hong Yan , Wang Youcheng , Lin Hailong , Huang Leting 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) has regarded as a biological marker of infection.We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-sTREM-1 concentration in neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia (NVAP).Methods: In this multicenter, controlled clinical trial of 60 preterm and 33 full-term neonates on mechanical ventilators, we measured concentrations of BAL-fluid and serum sTREM-1, serum C-reactive protein, and serum procalcitonin, as well as white blood cell count. We initially divided cases into eight groups, based on three categories: preterm of full-term; NVAP or non-NVAP; and extrapulmonary infection present or absent. Groups were compared, and logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine diagnostic value.Results: The mean gestational age (± standard deviation) of preterm and full-term neonates was 28.9±2.2 weeks and 39.5±1.7 weeks, respectively, and 32/60 were male. The BAL-fluid sTREM-1 concentration was higher in NVAP cases than in non-NVAP cases, irrespective of extrapulmonary infection. ROC analysis revealed that BAL-fluid sTREM-1 concentration had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.986 and a cutoff value of 228.0 pg/ml (sensitivity, 94.3%; specificity, 96%) in preterm neonates; the same values in full-term neonates were 0.938 and 245.5 pg/ml (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 93.7%), respectively. The optimal combination of indicators was BAL-fluid sTREM-1 and serum C-reactive protein concentration. All indicators were present at lower levels on days 8 and 10 of ventilation in neonates who ultimately recovered than in those who did not. Conclusions: BAL-fluid sTREM-1 and serum C-reactive protein concentrations may be useful for the diagnosis of NVAP.Blinded manuscript textThe RCT was approved by the Ethics Review Committee ofThe First People's Hospital of Yongkang (number: ykyy201803). Furthermore, the study was registered in and approved by the Registration Centre of Clinical Trials in China (approval number: ChiCTR1900020564). URL of trial registry record:http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=22336 Date of registration:2017-10-19
Assessment of health workers’ concern about COVID-19 pandemic: implication for surveillance activities among Primary Health Care workers in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Olaniyan Akintunde , Olatunji Muideen Babatunde , Akande Roseline Oluyemisi , Olumoyegun Joseph Muyiwa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has continued to threaten the existence of human race. The novelty and unstable epidemiologic pattern of the virus had generated so much concern among the global health experts. These concerns were found to be escalated among frontline health care workers to the extent of impeding the timeliness of the response activities. To slow down the spread of the already established community transmission through the surveillance activities, the concern of the health workers at the community level needs to be addressed. Therefore, this study assessed the concern about COVID-19 pandemic among the primary health workers in Oyo State, Nigeria.MethodsThis was an online cross-sectional survey conducted among primary health care workers in Oyo State between March and April 2020. Using a two-stage sampling technique, we recruited 284 respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire linked to the Google form was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25; bivariate analysis was done using Chi-square and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of health workers’ concern at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 45.0 + 9.0 years. About 52.5% had goodk knowledge of COVID-19. In the domains of concern, 66.9%, 53.2%, 51.4%, and 46.5% of the respondents expressed government-related concern, self-satisfaction related concern, work-related concern and social status related concern respectively. Male respondents were less likely to express concern about COVID-19 compared with their female counterparts (aOR= 0.39, 95% CI = 0.20 – 0.76). Nurses/midwives (aOR= 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05 – 0.85) had lesser likelihood of expressing concern about COVID-19 while middle staff (aOR= 2.5, 95% CI = 1.18 – 5.39) and income earner of ≥ N200, 000 (aOR= 2.3, 95% CI = 1.34 – 3.92) had higher likelihood of expressing concern about COVID-19.ConclusionThe study revealed an average knowledge of COVID-19 among the respondents. Government-related and self-satisfaction related concerns were majorly expressed by the majority of the PHC workers. Therefore, holistic policy that addresses the welfare and training of the HCWs is recommended.
Muon-catalyzed fusion and annihilation energy generation supersede non-sustainable T+D nuclear fusion
Authors: Holmlid Leif 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Large-scale fusion reactors using hydrogen isotopes as fuel are still under development at several places in the world. These types of fusion reactors use tritium as fuel for the T +D reaction. However, tritium is not a sustainable fuel to use, since it will require fission reactors for its production, and since it is a dangerous material due to its radioactivity. Thus, fusion relying on tritium fuel should be avoided, and at least two better methods for providing the nuclear energy needed in the world indeed exist already. The first experiments with sustained laser-driven fusion above break-even using deuterium as fuel were published already in 2015.Results: The well-known muon-induced fusion (also called muon-catalyzed fusion) can use deuterium as fuel. With the recent development of a high intensity (patented) muon source, this method is technically and economically feasible today. The recently developed annihilation energy generation uses ordinary hydrogen as fuel. Conclusions: muon-induced fusion is able to directly replace most combustion-based power stations in the world, giving sustainable and environmentally harmless power (primarily heat), in this way eliminating most CO2 emissions of human energy generation origin. Annihilation-based power generation has the potential to replace almost all other uses of fossil fuels within a few decades, also in most mobile applications including spaceflight, where it is the only method which gives relativistic rocket propulsion.
Blood Virosphere in Febrile Tanzanian Children
Authors: Cordey Samuel , Laubscher Florian , Hartley Mary-Anne , Junier Thomas , Keitel Kristina , Docquier Mylène , Guex Nicolas , Iseli Christian , Vieille Gael , Mercier Philippe Le , Gleizes Anne , Samaka Josephine , Mlaganile Tarsis , Kagoro Frank , Masimba John , Said Zamzam , Temba Hosiana , Tapparel Caroline , Zanella Marie-Celine , Xenarios Ioannis , Fellay Jacques , D’Acremont Valérie , Kaiser Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Viral infections are the leading cause of childhood acute febrile illnesses motivating consultation in sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of causal viruses are never identified in low-resource clinical settings as such testing is either not part of routine screening or available diagnostic tools have limited ability to detect new/unexpected viral variants. An in-depth exploration of the blood virome is therefore necessary to clarify the potential viral origin of fever in children. Untargeted metagenomic next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for such broad investigations, allowing the detection of RNA and DNA viral genomes. Results: Here, we describe the blood virome of 816 febrile children (<5 years) presenting at outpatient departments in Dar es Salaam over one-year. We show that half the population (394/816) had at least one detected virus recognized as causes of human infection/disease (13.8% enteroviruses (enterovirus A, B, C, and rhinovirus A and C), 12% rotaviruses, 11% human herpesvirus type 6). Additionally, we report the detection of a large number of viruses (related to arthropod, vertebrate or mammalian viral species) not yet known to cause human infection/disease, highlighting those who should be on the radar, deserve specific attention in the febrile paediatric population and, more broadly, for surveillance of emerging pathogens.Conclusions: This study highlighted several DNA and RNA viral sequences on a population of young children with fever of unknown origin and/or severe outcomes living in Tanzania, and provides a large list of novel viruses that should be considered as a potential cause of human infections.