bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of Macroseismic Intensity for Crustal Romanian Earthquakes: Calibrating the Bakun-Wentworth’s Method
Authors: Oros Eugen , Placinta Anica Otilia , Popa Mihaela , Rogozea Maria , Paulescu Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to elaborate a new model of the macroseismic intensity attenuation using all observed intensities data for the crustal earthquakes in Romania and then, based on this relationship, to calibrate the Bakun-Wentworth method, one of the modern methods most used to estimate the parameters of the historical earthquakes (localization, moment magnitude-Mw). The study is based on 14 calibrating earthquakes (4.5 < Mw < 5.7, 811 IDPs, II < Ii< VIIIO EMS) and 7 validation earthquakes (3.5 < Mw < 5.4, 215 IDPs, II <Ii< VIIIO EMS) produced mainly in western part of Romania and for which the reported macroseismic intensities were revised in a homogeneous manner and their locations and moment magnitudes were instrumentally determined. The method was tested using earthquakes produced in neighbouring regions, expanding its application space for earthquakes produced, for example, in the extra-Carpathian areas and Pannonian Depression. The comparative analysis with the results obtained with other methods confirms the high performance and the scientific rigour of the new attenuation relationship and of the Bakun-Wentworth method and their effective applicability for testing and validation of the results obtained in the process of the Romanian earthquakes catalogue revision.
Study of Cleaning the Horizontal Drains during the Under Balanced Drilling Well in the South Algeria Fields
Authors: Benyounes Khaled , Mellak Abderrahmane , Flih Amin , Azizi Youcef 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many difficulties can occur during the well is being drilled directionally, as cuttings may accumulate either in a bed at hole high angles. It is to highlight that the speed of the cuttings depends on the geometry of the drilling and the amplitude of the ROP. Hole cleaning is still among the most important problems to solve during the drilling operations. The difficulty in removing cuttings bed during drilling appears due to the interaction between drilling mud and the cuttings in cuttings bed leading to the formation of a cuttings bed gel. Inefficient cleaning of the wellbore can cause decrement in the stuck pipe, lost circulation, wellbore instability, high torque and drag, loose control on density, bad quality cement jobs, etc. These problems have a major impact on the economics of the drilling process. Optimization of the hole cleaning during the drilling operations is very important to enhance the drilling rate. In this study, the Rubiandini and Zhou models have been applied to the well for the prediction of the flow rate required to the ascent of cuttings to the day and to prevent the formation of the beds. The results show the critical flow rate value calculated by the Zhou model (544 l/min) to be lower than the in-situ applied flow rate (720 l/min), while for the Rubiandini model, the critical flow is higher (843.16 l/min for the rotary and 783.01 l/min for the sliding). The model of Rubiandini was chosen to make the sensitivity study because the flow rate calculated by this model is close to reality. We highlighted the effect of major drilling parameters, such as ROP, mud rheology, specific gravity of fluid, density of cuttings, dimension of cuttings, flow rate, flow regime, androtating speed of the drill stringon cuttings transport efficiency are analysed.
Hydrogeological Features of Geothermal Waters in Havran (Balıkesir), Turkey
Authors: Arici Mehmet , Ozgur Nevzat , Ugurlu Zehra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, geothermal waters of Havran were studied in detail. In the area, Karakaya formation in Early Triassic age is the basement consisting volcanic and sedimentary rocks such as of basalts, mudstones, and radiolarites in which there are intercalations of limestone, sandstones and conglomerates. Granodiorite intrusions in Oligocene to Miocene age occur in association with intense volcanic events in the area. From Upper Oligocene to Early Miocene, andesitic and dacitic pyroclastics occur due to intensively volcanism in the area. Later, lacustrine sediments consisting of conglomerates, sandstones, claystones, marls and limestones form from Middle to Upper Miocene. Geothermal waters in the area of Havran are of Na-Ca-(SO4)-HCO3, Na-(SO4)-HCO3 and Na-SO4 type. The geothermal waters display immature waters and were represented within this study as a hydrogeological model.
Mobility Behavior and Environmental Implications of Trace Elements Associated With Suburban Soils from the Steel Industry
Authors: Sestinova Olga , Hanculak Jozef , Spaldon Tomislav , Danka Gesperova 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Our work was aimed on the study of mobility of steel trace elements (STEs), using single-step extraction procedure (Na2EDTA) and ecotoxicity in suburban soils from the Košice, Slovakia. The total element contents were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and As in extracts and elements contents in earthworms tissues by the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after 7 days bioassays (chronic tests of mortality). An ecotoxicological study was performed with earthworms (Dendrobaena veneta) for the screening evaluation of element mobility of urban grass and agricultural soils samples. Elements concentrations (Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni and As) in the suburban soils of Košice, indicating the significant contamination with Cd, and As were measured at sites located south of the ironworks. From the results of Pearson correlation analysis of yields, it can be seen that Pb - Zn, Cd, As; Cd - Zn, As; and As - Zn have obvious correlation, and the correlation between chemical parameters and nickel is not relevant.
Radiation Effect on the Parameters of Field Effect Transistors with Schottky Barrier on GaAs
Authors: Bibilashvili A. , Kushitashvili Z. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present work, we report the result of the study of electron and γ-radiation effect on the parameters of normally open and normally closed field effect transistors with Shottky barrier on GaAs. It has been shown that normally closed transistors are more sensitive to the action of radiation than normally opened transistors. Both transistors are more sensitive to the electron radiation. As substrates ware used epitaxial structures of GaAs of n-type conductivity doped with tellurium with ND
=2×1017 cm3 with surface orientation [100]. Electron irradiation was conducted on the linear accelerator of RELUS type with electron energy 4 MeV at the room temperature, with the intensity of electrons flow of 2.5×1012 e/cm2 sec. Integral doses made 1×1014 e/cm2, 5×1014 e/cm2, 1×1015 e/cm2 and 3×1015 e/cm2. The γ-radiation was conducted using the source 60Co at the room temperature with the intensity of 5×103 P/sec. For the γ-radiation, visible changes of saturation flow current are observed at the doses of more than 105 Grey (GaAs). As whole, the γ-radiation makes an action on the parameters of MESFET in the less degree than electron irradiation. The annealing of the irradiated samples of MESFET at the temperature of 573 K in the nitrogen atmosphere for 45 min provides complete restoration of their parameters. The possible reasons for the mentioned effects are given.
Analysis of the Diversity of Microscopic Fungi in the Soils of Adjara, Georgia
Authors: Shainidze Otar , Lominadze Shota , GuramChkubadze  , Lamparadze Shota , Beridze Nodar , Diasamidze Jimsher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The publication deals with the studies on the diversity of species composition of fungi in various layers of soils (red, sod-podzolic, marsh, urban) of the Adjara. The aim of the study was to identify and determine the composition of fungi; Establishment of the scale of development and spread of fungi in adverse and favorable conditions; Ecological status evaluation of soils in Batumi City. For the isolation of fungi in various soil samples, a sterilization method, serial dilution, and a scattering method were used. The presence of fungi was detected in various soil samples based on morphological characteristics, percentage frequency, growth rate, and colony forming units. The study has found 59 species taxa of soil fungi, belonging to the divisions of Ascomyota (39 species), Zygomyta (15 species), Basidiomycota (2 species), Deuteromycota (3 species). 7 species of fungi involved in forming of the consortium have been specified as well. The most widely distributed fungi in soil samples were of the genera Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. niger, A. versicolor), Paecilomyces (P. variotii), Trichoderma (T. koningii, T. hamatum, T. polysporum, T. viride), Mucor (M. circinelloides, M. hiemalis, M. racemosus, Mucor sp.), Rhizopus (R. oryzae) the genus of phytopathogens Fusarium (F. oxysporum, F. solani), Verticilium (V. lateritium, V. sp.), Phytophthora (Ph. Sp.), Rhizoctonia (R. sp.), Pythium (P. sp) and of genus Sporothrix (S. schenckii). Mong them Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Chaetomium sp. And Acremonium sp. were dominant fungi in all soil samples. Frequency percentage showed that marsh soil is rich in fungal population as compared to red and sod-podzolic soils, yet the greatest biomass is inorganic soil. A lower level of biological activity in the urban soils was found. Morphometric trait differences in test objects activated on the soil samples have been observed. The study was found specialized species of fungi from each ecotype of soil. The soil samples collected from polluted sites were more affected by waste water which affected the population densities of fungi. Experiments have shown that Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma koningii, T. Hamatum and T. Viride grew well on contaminated soil containing heavy metals. On this basis, we will study them further in order to determine their stability to heavy metals.
The Experimental Proof of Non - Thermal Nature of the Mechanism of Pulse-Photon Annealing in Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Jibuti Zurab , Bibilashvili Amiran , Jibuti Lado , Dolidze Nugzar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nanosecond laser annealing of GaAs amorphized with B+ ions implantation was investigated. The recrystallization process observed in the experiment does not depend on the initial temperature of the samples (77K or 300K) and can be additive; the efficiency of laser annealing (LA) is determined by the light generated nonequilibrium charge carriers (NCC) rather than by crystal heating; the results of the experiments cannot be explained by the purely thermal mechanism of LA. The hypotheses for the low-temperature LA of semiconductors based on the concept of the change in the quantum state of valence electrons affecting a chemical bond are proposed. If the power of LA ensures light generation of antibonding quasiparticles with a concentration of ncr in the thickness equal to or greater than the amorphous (defective) layer, melting occurs with further epitaxial growth on the substrate, which agrees well with the results of the experiment where the concentration of light generated NCC was Δn≈ 4·5 1019cm-3.
New Data on the Formation Conditions of the Dyvok Ore Occurrence (South Yakutia, Russia)
Authors: Kardashevskaia Veronika , Anisimova Galina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents new data on the mineralogical and thermobarogeochemical research of Dyvok ore occurrence. The aim of the research is to learn about the mineral-geochemical characteristics of the ore occurrence as well as about the formation of auriferous mineralogical associations at the occurrence. At the moment, Verkhnealgominsk auriferous area consists of several ore occurrences and a deposit. The area is located within famous Stanovaya auriferous area, South Yakutia. Dyvok ore occurrence is subjected to the influence of Tyrkandinski fault. The host rocks are Early-Archaean K-spar-quartz metasomatites, beresited and argillated rocks with sulphide-quartz veins and mineralised zones of beresited rocks with sulphide and quartz-sulphide mineralisation. Now, there are 3 productive ore zones at the ore occurrence. We found mineral associations that contain native gold and described the variety of its forms, seizes and composition. The mineral associations are 1) gold-arsenopyrite-pyrite-quartz; 2) gold-sphalerite-chalcopyrite; 3) quartz-boulangerite; 4) quartz-telluride. We carried out thermobarogeochemical investigation of fluid inclusions in quartz to learn about the formation conditions of productive mineral associations, the quartz was extracted from gold-arsenopyrite-pyrite-quartz, gold-sphalerite-chalcopyrite and quartz-telluride associations. Microanalyses helped to discover monophase, diphase and three-phase inclusions. Early association had the temperature of 270-335°C. The rated pressure is 0.4 kbar. The inclusions contain carbon dioxide, water, methane and carbonate ion. The solid phase contains dawsonite and native sulphur. The deposition temperature of gold-sphalerite-chalcopyrite association is 186-219°C, and the one of quartz-telluride association is 199-200°C. The pressure of the latter two associations remains unknown due to the lack of coexisting three-phase inclusions. Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of carbon dioxide and methane in early association, as well as of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen (impurity) in late-phase quartz. Therefore, we claim that all the associations in question were formed in shallow- and mid-depth and oxidizing conditions with the involvement of deeper sources for the ore constituents.
Survey on Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Vernacular Houses in Madeira (Portugal)
Authors: Martins Ana M.T. , Vieira Elma , Carlos Jorge S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Vernacular housing in the Island of Madeira (Archipelago of Madeira, Portugal) is built anonymously. This architecture is made by the people and for the people without the aid of an architect. This built heritage demonstrates the relationship between the population and its surroundings, through the care with which they treated the climatic constraints and that is clearly related to the seasonal variation of temperature, regardless of cultural differences and of the level of development of each community. The Island of Madeira has temperate climates characterized by mild temperatures all year round. The climate is largely influenced by the Eastern branch of the Azores anticyclone especially from spring to autumn. These buildings are strongly marked by an agricultural economy and are characterized by great regional diversity. The agricultural feature took care of the fertile alluvial land, giving rise to the first settlements. However, with the growth of the population began the conquest of the coast, occupying the dense forest that provided them with good timber for local consumption and for export. With the land tamed, the next challenge was to control the waters, the first paths between the places of difficult access, which carried the waters of irrigation at various locations, including the north and the south shores. The built vernacular heritage of the Island of Madeira had a primary function of shelter, and then housing and nowadays new uses are being implemented. The research and study of the essence, the behaviour, the possibilities of traditional technologies used in a specific territory are like the rediscovery, always renewed, of the profound meaning of the Portuguese architecture. This paper analyses through surveys whether a very specific type of vernacular heritage housing in the Island of Madeira provides comfort. In fact, questionnaire responses from the initial survey regarding 66 vernacular houses were analysed to understand the residents’ satisfaction with the existing conditions through post-occupancy evaluation. Several variables were associated with dwelling and thermal comfort. This way, a post-occupancy evaluation is proposed including energy monitoring for fine-tuning and increasing energy efficiency as well as for gathering knowledge for planners and developers. This study not only provides valuable information for future housing sustainable rehabilitation but also it may enable the identification by the Local Authority of ways of improving the quality of life for residents.
Structure and Geochemical Features of the Volcanic Rocks in the Tunguska Syneclise (Siberian Trap Province)
Authors: Krivolutskaya Nadezhda , Krasilnikov Alexander , Gongalsky Bronislav , Yakushev Anton , Svirskaya Natalia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To understand the origin of the Siberian trap province, it is necessary to know its internal structure in detail. Only two areas were described, the Noril’sk and Maimecha-Kotuy, while the most important part of the province, the Tunguska syneclise, is still poorly characterized. The main goal of our study is an investigation of the structure and geochemistry of volcanic rocks located in the central part of the province. We have studied basalts and tuffs and compared them with the rocks of the Noril’sk area. All studied rocks belong to three formations: Korvunchansky, Nidymsky and Kochechumsky. The whole thickness of this cross-section is around 1,000 m. Our geochemical data demonstrate that the lower part of the cross-section comprises basalts with TiO2=1 wt% while the upper part consists of the basalts with the average TiO2 content 1.4-1.5wt%. Based on this data, these rocks can be correlated with Morongovsky and Mokulaevsky formations located in the Noril’sk area. Despite many similarities between the volcanic rocks of these two areas, the basalts and tuffs of the Tunguska syneclise have their specific features, i.e. many tuff horizons, small thickness of flows and their poikiloophitic structure that reflect the rock formation near the boundary of the Tunguska syneclise.
Coal Calorific Value after Physical and Chemical Cleaning
Authors: Yilmaz Serdar , Toroglu Ihsan , Cuhadaroglu Dilek 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study a total of 12 coal sample was collected. 7 of these samples are local coal samples and 5 of them is exported coals. These coals samples were fractionated into two size groups, i.e. -10+3.15, -3.15+05. Float and sink analysis was performed on this two size groups of samples with Ca(NO3)2 medium at the density of 1.50 g/cm3. Latter within the scope of this study, chemical cleaning was employed on this samples. Chemical cleaning on coal samples was carried out with acids (HF and HNO3) at specific conditions. Samples have different calorific values after physical and chemical cleaning. Although some impurities have been removed with both cleaning methods, physical cleaning resulted in higher ash content coals at the end while with chemical cleaning almost no ash content coals were obtained. However, it was observed the fact that chemical cleaning resulted lower calorific values of samples. This might be because of chemical cleaning results in the decomposition of the coal matrix structure.
Unfavourable seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete structures due to soil structure interaction
Authors: Barnaure Mircea , Manoli Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects can substantially alter the behaviour of structures during earthquakes. Implementation of SSI within the seismic analysis often leads to lower stresses in the structure and therefore a more economical design. The recently introduced provisions in European and American codes allow for this type of approach. However, consideration of SSI can also lead to the observation of unfavourable effects (undetectable in a fixed-base analysis) due to the modification of the structure’s dynamic properties. Examples of unfavourable effects include higher global displacements or story drifts, increases of the base or story shear forces, higher post-elastic demands in the structural members or the collision of adjacent buildings separated by an insufficient structural joint. These unfavourable effects can be related to various parameters such as the structural system (frames or shear walls), foundation type (shallow or piles), geometry of the foundation, height of the building, soil type, seismic input, presence of adjacent buildings, etc. Under these circumstances, the integration of SSI into the current structural design becomes essential. As the mathematical formulation of the phenomenon is very complex and involves many parameters, the definition of complete numerical models is difficult. The provisions in the codes are often general and do not give the practicing engineers clear modelling solutions. An analysis of the current situation in the field of SSI is carried out, with a focus on the design of reinforced concrete structures. Based on an extensive literature review, the unfavourable seismic effects and the main parameters that determine them are identified. Conclusions are drawn regarding the situations when SSI should be mandatory and on the different possibilities of implementing SSI in the structural design.
Evaluation of Factors, Influencing the Accuracy of the Digital Model, Obtained by Laser Scanning
Authors: Antova Gergana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMeasurements in terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) are not perfect and are subject to errors caused by various factors affecting the quality of the capture process and the resulting final product. Careful consideration of all these factors and errors provides a good basis for assessing the quality of the data and the information received. The accuracy of the 3D model obtained from laser scanning is influenced by the density of the measurements and the modelling methods. 3D modelling algorithms allow accuracy to be improved, but modelling software cannot solve all the problems, and it is impossible to achieve high quality 3D modelling without taking into account the factors that affect the accuracy of the measurements. The investigation of error sources in TLS measurements is rather complicated due to the large number of influencing factors that are interconnected. In addition to angular and longitudinal measurements, most scanning systems also offer a measure of the intensity of the reflected signal. Because the TLS is a non-reflective geodetic technology, it means that the measurement results are highly dependent on the reflectivity of the materials. The energy of the reflected signal depends on the following physical factors: object material properties, surface colour of the object, surface temperature, surface humidity, illumination. From the experimental studies it has been confirmed that the illumination and humidity of the scanned surfaces have a significant impact on their reflecting ability and the density of the received point cloud. Evaluation of digital model accuracy is made with a plane approximation and comparison with control points. Areas with different point densities were created in order to analyse the accuracy of 3D model and to determine the optimum scanning density.