bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory Effect of “Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy” to Cure or Prevent Hospital Acquired (Nosocomial) Infections due to Clostridium difficile (C. diff), other Pathogenic Bacteria, and Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Reddy Malireddy S 
Published: August 2020

The worldwide popularity of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to treat or prevent the hospital acquired infections (nosocomial infections) arose a great interest in the medical community around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2016; 2017). The following questions were raised on this subject: Does Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics directly inhibit the pathogenic bacteria (C. diff) in the gastrointestinal tract or indirectly through modulation of the host immune system or both? To be more specific, what is the exact and/or hypothetical mechanism at molecular level behind the breakthrough discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy? To answer these questions, the specific immunomodulation regulatory functions of the individual Probiotic strains (on host) have beenresearched, investigated andoutlined in this article. A detailed explanation(s) and hypotheses have been proposed outlining the possible cumulativedirect bacteriological and indirect immunomodulatory effects (at the molecular level) of the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics used in Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy to successfully treat C. diff infection. A detailed scientific and research attempts were made to correlate the Probiotic induced immune activities in relation to the reduction of the symptoms associated with the hospital acquired Clostridium difficile infection during and after the Multiple Mixed Strain Probioitc Therapy. Results of the clinical trials, microbiological tests on feces, and the clinical blood tests significantly revealed that the reasons for the success of Dr. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy are multifold. Presumably, it is predominantly due to the immunomodulatory effect they have exerted on the host immune system along with the direct inhibition of C. diff bacteria by multiple Probiotics, due to the production of bacteriocins, lactic acid and nutritional competency.In addition, the size of the individual cells of the Probiotic strains in the Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotics and their significant effect on immunomodulation has been thoroughly discussed. Results clearly proved that if Probiotics are absent in the GI tract during C. diff infection, the chances of patient survival is zero. This is because of the excess immune stimulation and incurable damage to the epithelial cell barrier of the gastrointestinal tract caused by C. diff bacteria. The results also revealed, without any doubt, as of to-datethe latest discovery of Dr. M.S. Reddy’s Multiple Mixed Strain Probiotic Therapy is the best way to cure the deadly hospital acquired infections affecting millions of people around the world, with high degree of mortality. This has been attested by several practicng medical professionals and scientists around the world (Reddy and Reddy, 2017).
Development and Evaluation of Terminalia Arjuna Loaded Phytosome for Bioavailability Enhancement
Authors: Shende Mulchand A , More Minakshi S. , Marathe Rajendra P 
Published: August 2020

Present work was aimed to develop and investigate phosphatidylcholinatedphytosome system based on triterpenoid fraction of Terminalia Arjuna (TFTA) for secure and efficient delivery of triterpenoid to enhanced bioavailability. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) a green method with a significant reduction in extraction time and organic solvent consumption has been selected and successful extraction of triterpenoids with good yield. Planterosomes a novel carrier for drug delivery of triterpenoid fraction of Terminalia Arjuna were effectively fabricated with a specified molar ratio of 7:3 of TFTA-PC complex and cholesterol in chloroform: methanol (3:1) by the thin layer film hydration method and examined for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry study. Formulation of planterosomes showed a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 381.2 ± 1.82 nm. The entrapment efficiency (EE) of TFTA was 87.94 ± 0.41%. Release study demonstrated prolonged triterpenoid release from phytosomes following higuchi release kinetics with r2 = 0.995. Ex-vivo permeation studies demonstrated the presence of significant absorption of TFTA-PC complex as compared to the TFTA and thereby, the superiority of complex which may be due to the amphiphilic nature of complex which greatly enhance the lipid miscibility of TFTA. From stability studies it was conclude that drug leakage was not significant at storage condition which suitable for vesicles. Conclusively, TFTA loaded planterosomes might be an efficient carrier for triterpenoids which enhance the absorption triterpenoids across the biological membrane for effective management of curing various diseases.
Design and Characterization of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems of Rosuvastatin
Authors: D. V. R. N. Bhikshapathi , Keerthi Priya 
Published: August 2020

Development of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are becoming more popular to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Rosuvastatin is a lipid-lowering agent used in patients suffering from dyslipidemia. It is a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A, which converts mevalonate to cholesterol. Rosuvastatin is a BCS class II (poor solubility) drug; hence, SNEDDS are being formulated to enhance oral bioavailability of the drug. In the present study, rosuvastatin SNEDDS were formulated using different oils, surfactant and co-surfactant. The optimized formulation F9 has composition of Las (PEG-8-Caprylic glycerides), Maisine 35-1 and Tween 20 as oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactant respectively. Composition of SNEDDS was optimized using Pseudo-ternary phase diagram, where the formulations showed increased self-emulsification with increased concentration of surfactants. Formulation F9 was found to be best formulation based on evaluation parameters. The particle size of the optimized SNEDDS formulation was found to be 10.9 nm & Z-Average of 55.6 nm indicating all the particles were in the nanometer range. The zeta potential of the optimized SNEDDS formulation was found to be -11.2 mV, which comply with the requirement of the zeta potential for stability. The developed rosuvastatin SNEDDS have the potential to minimize the variability in absorption and provide rapid onset of action of the drug.
Comparitive Antiobesity and Hypolipidemic Activity of Various Extracts of Tecoma gaudichaudi flowers in Monosodium Glutamate Dietary Model in Rats
Authors: G V N Kiranmayi , K Ravishankar , Y Rajendra Prasad , K Surya Tejaswi 
Published: August 2020

In the present study, we evaluated the antiobesity and hypolipidemic activities of ethanolic, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of Tecoma gaudichaudi flowers in rat models.Anti-obesity activity of ethanolic, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts (200 & 400 mg/kg)of Tecoma gaudichaudi flowers were evaluated in rats fed with monosodium glutamate (8 mg/gm) diet. Experimental parameters like body weight, food consumption, locomotor behavior, serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were studied for evaluating the anti-obesity activity of ethanolic extract (EE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and hexane extracts (HE) of Tecoma gaudichaudi flowers and orlistat (5mg/kg). There was a significant decrease of total cholesterol, total triglycerides and LDL-C and a significant increase of HDL-C level in hyperlipidemic rats after four-week administration of different extracts of Tecoma gaudichaudi flowers. Treatment with ethanolic extract (EE), ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and hexane extracts (HE) of Tecoma gaudichaudi exhibited antihyperlipidemic properties which might lead to improvement of serum lipid profile.
Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Micro-spheres of Rebamipide, a Mucoprotective Drug for GIT Disorders
Authors: D. V. R. N. Bhikshapathi , P Kanteepan 
Published: August 2020

Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2-(1H)-quinolinone, is used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. The current research study aimed to develop novel gastro-retentive mucoadhesive microspheres of rebamipide using ionotropic gelation technique. Studies of micromeritic properties confirmed that microspheres were free flowing with good packability. The in vitro drug release showed the sustained release of rebamipide up to 99.23 ± 0.13% within 12 h whereas marketed product displayed the drug release of 95.15 ± 0.23% within 1 h. The release mechanism from microspheres followed the zero-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas (R2 = 0.915, 0.969), respectively. The optimized M12 formulation displayed optimum features, such as entrapment efficiency 97%, particle size 61.94 ± 0.11 µm, percentage yield 98%, swelling index 95% and mucoadhesiveness was 97%. FTIR studies revealed no major incompatibility between drug and excipients. SEM confirmed the particles were of spherical in shape. Optimized formulation (M12) were stable at 40°C ± 2°C/75% RH ± 5% RH for 6 months. In vivo studies were performed and kinetic parameters like Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, t1/2, and Kel were calculated. The marketed product Cmax (3.15 ± 0.05 ng/mL) was higher than optimized formulation (2.58 ± 0.03 ng/mL). The optimized formulation AUC0-t (15.25 ± 1.14 ng.hr/mL), AUC0-∞ (19.42 ± 1.24 ng.hr/mL) was significantly higher than that of marketed product AUC0-t (10.21 ± 1.26 ng.hr/mL) and AUC0-∞ (13.15 ± 0.05 ng.hr/mL). These results indicate an optimized formulation bioavailability of 2.5-fold greater than marketed product.
Endocrine and Therapeutic Basis of Diabetes Mellitus Therapy
Authors: Kulshreshtha Mayank , Srivastava Pragati , Panjwani Dharamveer 
Published: August 2020

This review article describes the role of hormones, microvascular complications, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and precautions of diabetes therapy. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, lifelong condition that affects ability to use the energy found in food. According to World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated 422 million adults are suffered with DM up to latest 2016 data. It occurs throughout the world but is more common in the more developed countries. Increase in prevalence is occurring in low- and middle-income countries including in Asia and Africa, where most patients will probably be found by 2030. The WHO estimates that diabetes resulted in 1.5 million deaths in 2012, making it the 8th leading cause of death. We summarized the published scientific data and new development in the field of diabetes with a search of PubMed, Google scholar, med know and other online resources. Various hormones play an important role in which insulin has a more importance in DM. Pharmacological treatment included various side effects while herbal drugs are found to be safe. Diet and exercise are the excellent key points to cure the disease. Avoid high sugar diet and various foods whose sugar levels are high should be avoided at the age 40. Overall, better knowledge, balanced life style, and daily exercise are the excellent treatment of diabetes and effective glucose control.
Role of Genetic Variations in the CYP2C9 Gene in Determining the Optimal Dose of Warfarin in a Group of Syrian Patients
Authors: Shayah Kamar , Ghrewati Abduljalil , Mohammad Yaser Abajy , Hadid Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

Genetic variations in drug metabolizing hepatic CYP2C9 gene determine the optimal dose for many drugs including anticoagulants such as warfarin. Here we sought to detect the frequency distribution of genetic variations of CYP2C9 gene and to determine its potential role in the control of warfarin dose in Syrian patients. The study included 125 patients with high risk of thrombosis of adults who visited the Heart Disease & Surgery Hospital (HDSH) and Aleppo University Hospital (AUH) and treated with warfarin as oral anticoagulant therapy, and the dose-corrected by the international normalized ratio (INR) at least three months ago. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and genotype analysis for CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 variant alleles was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results obtained in this study suggest that Genotype frequency distribution of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 variant alleles was found to be different from other populations and has significant effect on warfarin dose requirement (p<0.05). It is concluded that there is a need to include CYP2C9 genetic variations detection tests in the warfarin dosing algorithm, as this has an important role in reducing serious hemorrhagic complications, especially in patients with the CYP2C9*2/*2 and CYP2C9*3/*3 homozygous mutant genotypes.
Human and machine validation of 14 databases of dynamic facial expressions
Authors: Krumhuber Eva G. , Küster Dennis , Namba Shushi , Skora Lina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith a shift in interest toward dynamic expressions, numerous corpora of dynamic facial stimuli have been developed over the past two decades. The present research aimed to test existing sets of dynamic facial expressions (published between 2000 and 2015) in a cross-corpus validation effort. For this, 14 dynamic databases were selected that featured facial expressions of the basic six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) in posed or spontaneous form. In Study 1, a subset of stimuli from each database (N= 162) were presented to human observers and machine analysis, yielding considerable variance in emotion recognition performance across the databases. Classification accuracy further varied with perceived intensity and naturalness of the displays, with posed expressions being judged more accurately and as intense, but less natural compared to spontaneous ones. Study 2 aimed for a full validation of the 14 databases by subjecting the entire stimulus set (N= 3812) to machine analysis. A FACS-based Action Unit (AU) analysis revealed that facial AU configurations were more prototypical in posed than spontaneous expressions. The prototypicality of an expression in turn predicted emotion classification accuracy, with higher performance observed for more prototypical facial behavior. Furthermore, technical features of each database (i.e., duration, face box size, head rotation, and motion) had a significant impact on recognition accuracy. Together, the findings suggest that existing databases vary in their ability to signal specific emotions, thereby facing a trade-off between realism and ecological validity on the one end, and expression uniformity and comparability on the other.
Reasons for smoking among English-speaking adults in Leicester - a pilot study
Authors: Joshi K Shama R , Furmonaviciene Ruta 
Published: August 2020

Cigarette smoke contains around 7000 chemicals that are harmful to health and cause premature death. Most smokers acknowledge the harm they are doing to them yet continue to smoke. This pilot study was designed to understand the impact of cigarette smoking, the addictive effect of nicotine, and also hypothesize a recommendation for smoking cessation.
Methods: This study recruited English speaking adult participants who were either current, occasional, and ex-smokers from NHS stop smoking clinics in Leicester, United Kingdom, using a self-completed questionnaire.
Results: Out of 32 participants, White British were thirteen & Asian were nine with majority of males. Stress, boredom, nervousness, and just like it, were the main reasons quoted for cigarette smoking. Irritation & mood swings were the top reasons for craving. The visual stimuli and smell of smoking were reported as the top two strong cues. Majority of the participants reported having several effects due to cigarette smoking such as respiratory cough, feel like tightening of lungs, asthma, high blood pressure, difficulty in losing weight, excess fat accumulation near the waist, poor appetite, fatigue, sleep disturbances, darkened teeth as well as an inability to differentiate between taste.
Conclusion: Our study suggested that cigarette smoking may be more like a habit than an addiction, therefore unable to relieve stress or boredom, but keep smokers hooked to the habit.
Fast Magnetosonic Waves and Flows in a Solar Prominence Foot: Observations and Modeling
Authors: Ofman Leon , Kucera Therese A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study recent observations of propagating fluctuations in a prominence foot with Hinode Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) high-resolution observations in Ca ii and Hα emission, which we identify as nonlinear fast magnetosonic waves. Here we analyze further the observations of propagating waves and flows with Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph Mg ii slit jaw images, in addition to Hinode/SOT Ca ii images. We find that the waves have typical periods in the range of 5–11 minutes and wavelengths in the plane of the sky (POS) of about 2000 km, while the flows in narrow threads have a typical speed in the POS of ∼16–46 km s−1. We also detect apparent kink oscillations in the threads with flowing material, and apply coronal seismology to estimate the magnetic field strength in the range of 5–17 G. Using 2.5D MHD we model the combined effects of nonlinear waves and flows on the observed dynamics of the prominence material, and reproduce the propagating and refracting fast magnetosonic waves, as well as standing kink-mode waves in flowing material along the magnetic field. The modeling results are in good qualitative agreement with the observations of the various waves and flows in the prominence foot, further confirming coronal seismology analysis and improving the understanding of the fine-scale dynamics of the prominence material.
Unified Simulations of Planetary Formation and Atmospheric Evolution. II. Rapid Disk Clearing by Photoevaporation Yields Low-mass Super-Earth Atmospheres
Authors: Ogihara Masahiro , Kunitomo Masanobu , Hori Yasunori 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Super-Earths possess low-mass H2/He atmospheres (typically less than 10% by mass). However, the origins of super-Earth atmospheres have not yet been ascertained. We investigate the role of rapid disk clearing by photoevaporation during the formation of super-Earths and their atmospheres. We perform unified simulations of super-Earth formation and atmospheric evolution in evolving disks that consider both photoevaporative winds and magnetically driven disk winds. For the growth mode of planetary cores, we consider two cases in which planetary embryos grow with and without pebble accretion. Our main findings are summarized as follows. (i) The time span of atmospheric accretion is shortened by rapid disk dissipation due to photoevaporation, which prevents super-Earth cores from accreting massive atmospheres. (ii) Even if planetary cores grow rapidly by embryo accretion in the case without pebble accretion, the onset of runaway gas accretion is delayed because the isolation mass for embryo accretion is small. Together with rapid disk clearing, the accretion of massive atmospheres can be avoided. (iii) After rapid disk clearing, a number of high-eccentricity embryos can remain in outer orbits. Thereafter, such embryos may collide with the super-Earths, leading to efficient impact erosion of accreted atmospheres. Therefore, we find that super-Earths with low-mass H2/He atmospheres are naturally produced by N-body simulations that consider realistic disk evolution.
A Numerical Study of the Effects of Corotating Interaction Regions on Cosmic-Ray Transport
Authors: Luo Xi , Zhang Ming , Feng Xueshang , Potgieter Marius S , Shen Fang , Bazilevskaya Galina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The intensity of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) is modulated by solar activity on various timescales. In this study, we performed comprehensive numerical modeling of the solar rotational recurrent variation in GCRs caused by a corotation interaction region (CIR). A recently developed magnetohydrodynamic numerical model is adapted to simulate the background solar wind plasma with a CIR structure present in the inner heliosphere. As for the outer heliospheric plasma background, from 27 to 80 au, the Parker interplanetary magnetic field model is utilized. The output of these plasma and magnetic field models is incorporated into a comprehensive Parker-type transport model for GCRs. The local interstellar spectrum for galactic protons is transported to 80 au, specifying the outer boundary condition. The obtained solutions of this hybrid model, for studying the CIR effect, are as follows: (1) the onset of the decrease in the GCR intensity inside the CIR coincides with the increase of the solar wind speed with the intensity depression accompanied by a magnetic field and plasma density enhancement. Additionally, the CIR effect weakens with increasing heliocentric radial distance. (2) This decrease in GCR intensity also appears at different heliolatitudes and varies with changing latitude; the amplitude of the GCR depression exhibits a maximum in the low-latitude region. (3) The CIR affects GCR transport at different energy levels as well. Careful analysis has revealed a specific energy dependence of the amplitude of the recurrent GCR variation in the range of 30–2000 MeV.
Sélection à l’université : orchestration et arrangements du Boléro de Dauphine
Authors: Barraud de Lagerie Pauline , Tenret Élise 
Published: August 2020

À partir d’entretiens qualitatifs et de données statistiques, cet article met au jour les principes de justice mobilisés par les concepteurs et les utilisateurs de l’algorithme Boléro, mis en place à l’université Paris-Dauphine au début des années 1990. Deux principes de justice semblent ainsi orienter les décisions autour de l’algorithme, répondant à des considérations tant organisationnelles qu’historiques : une logique d’efficacité adossée à un principe méritocratique, d’une part, qui se fonde sur l’appréciation du niveau individuel des étudiants et leur capacité supposée à réussir à Dauphine ; un principe d’« équilibre juste », d’autre part, outillé par la mise en place de quotas souples visant à obtenir une variété de profils autour de certains paramètres. Les impensés de la sélection sont alors abordés, avec une attention particulière portée aux taux d’admission différenciés selon le profil des candidats et aux effets d’éviction et de concentration de lycées parmi les pourvoyeurs d’étudiants dauphinois.
Adhésion enchantée et aléas universitaires : les effets ambivalents de la sélection à l’Université
Authors: Bodin Romuald , Mengneau Juliette , Orange Sophie 
Published: August 2020

L’analyse conjointe des représentations et des pratiques des étudiants à l’entrée en première année de deux filières universitaires aux modes de recrutement différents (droit et économie-gestion) montre que l’opération de sélection ne constitue pas de manière mécanique un rite d’institution. La croyance des étudiants en leur juste place à l’Université semble en effet tenir autant, sinon davantage, à l’organisation pédagogique des enseignements, aux modalités de la relation enseignants-étudiants et à la trajectoire scolaire comme sociale dans laquelle s’inscrit l’accès au premier cycle universitaire. L’instauration d’une barrière ne décrète pas le sentiment de consécration et n’induit pas, par le simple fait qu’elle permet aux étudiants d’« y être » (à l’Université), qu’ils ont la sensation d’« en être ». En outre, le temps long de l’Université et la rareté des jugements explicites peuvent contribuer au développement d’un sentiment d’injustice.