bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glomus tumor of the duodenum: a rare case report
Authors: Sasaki Shin , Takami Yuko , Wada Yoshiyuki , Ryu Tomoki , Imamura Hajime , Ureshino Hiroki , Fujiwara Minako , Saitsu Hideki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlomus tumors (GTs) are mesenchymal neoplastic lesions arising from the glomus bodies and generally occur in the fingers and toes. Gastrointestinal GTs are rare, and most of them originate from the stomach; however, GT arising from the duodenum is exceedingly rare.Case presentationA 68-year-old man was admitted due to abdominal pain. Endoscopy showed a round, smooth, elevated mass in the second portion of the duodenum with central ulceration. Abdominal contrast computed tomography showed a hypervascular tumor measuring 26 mm in diameter in the second portion of the duodenum, and pancreatic invasion was suspected. Endoscopic ultrasonography of the lesion confirmed a hypoechoic mass arising from the fourth layer of the duodenal wall. A biopsy was performed for central ulceration, and immunochemical studies showed positive results for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and negative results for S100, C-Kit, and CD34. Leiomyoma or gastrointestinal stromal tumor was suspected and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. The specimen exhibited a vascular-rich tumor, 24 × 24 × 19 mm in size, with deep ulceration in the duodenum. Histological examination showed uniform small round cells with central nuclei and a pale cytoplasm (glomus cell) with perivascular proliferation. Immunochemical studies showed that the tumor was positive for SMA and collagen type IV, and negative for C-Kit, CD34, desmin, and S100. We diagnosed the tumor as a GT of the duodenum.ConclusionGTs of the duodenum are exceedingly rare, but should be considered in the differential diagnoses of duodenal submucosal lesions.
Autoimmune retinopathy: findings and limitations from optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Raevis Joseph , Etheridge Tyler , Cleland Spencer , Mititelu Mihai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and objective
To report novel findings and limitations from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in the evaluation of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR).

Study design
We retrospectively reviewed features of five patients diagnosed with AIR and five controls. OCTA scans were obtained and manually segmented to provide accurate measurements of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), vessel density, and retinal thickness at different levels.

Results
The total retina and superficial vessel density throughout the whole scan were similar between AIR and controls (p = 0.14 and p = 0.11), whereas deep vessel density was decreased in AIR compared controls (p = 0.02). Decreased vessel density was most pronounced in the parafoveal and perifoveal areas (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01). AIR patients also had reduction of total retinal thickness in the perifoveal zone (p = 0.03), corresponding to outer retinal thinning (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
This small series shows that AIR patients have reduced deep vessel density, particularly in the parafoveal and perifoveal regions and a decrease in macular thickness. These findings show correlation with the classic “flying saucer” sign seen on OCT.
Calculation of expected remaining lifetime of dialysis patients in Japan
Authors: Nakai Shigeru , Wada Atsushi , Wakai Kenji , Abe Masanori , Nitta Kosaku 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The expected remaining lifetime of dialysis patients in Japan was only reported in 2003 and has not been reported thereafter. From 2003 to the present, several new therapeutic agents have been introduced. These events may have improved outcomes for dialysis patients. Thus, expected remaining lifetime of dialysis patients in Japan was newly calculated in 2015.

Methods
The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry database was used for analyses. From this database, the following three indexes were compiled: the number of surviving dialysis patients (198,125 males and 111,962 females) at the end of 2014 and the number of surviving (179,649 males and 101,758 females) and dead (18,044 males and 111,417 females) patients at the end of 2015. Based on these values, expected remaining lifetime at 1-year increment was calculated using the life table method.

Results
Excerpts of the calculated expected remaining lifetimes of patients aged 60 years were as follows: 11.9 years for males and 14.1 years for females. These expected remaining lifetimes were 1.1 to 1.2 times as compared with those in 2003. Meanwhile, expected remaining lifetime of diabetic patients was 10.8 years for males and 12.5 years for females and that of nondiabetic patients was 13.0 years for males and 15.0 years for females.

Conclusion
Expected remaining lifetime of dialysis patients in Japan in 2015 was 10–20% longer than that in 2003. These results suggest that advances in dialysis technologies during this 12-year period improved the survival rate of dialysis patients.
Intraoperative clonidine vs lidocaine on hemodynamic response to laryngoscopic intubation and immune function in gynecological surgeries
Authors: Mohamed Sawsan Gaber , Hamdy Noha Mahmoud , Awad Amira Abo Elnasr 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
This prospective randomised double-blind study was carried out on forty patients American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–II , aged 40–60 years, scheduled for elective abdominal gynecological surgeries under general anesthesia after obtaining the approval of the local institutional ethical committee and oral consent of the patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of perioperative intravenous clonidine versus lidocaine on hemodynamic stress response to laryngoscopic intubation, immune function, pain intensity, time to the first request for analgesia, and total dose of analgesic requirement in the first 24 h postoperatively in gynecological surgeries.

Results
Throughout the study, heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly lower in clonidine group (group C) compared to lidocaine group (group L). Postoperatively, the levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in (group L) compared to (group C). VAS pain scores were lower in the clonidine group in comparison to the lidocaine group. There was a higher total dose of analgesia in the lidocaine group when compared to the clonidine group.

Conclusions
Both clonidine and lidocaine can be used to attenuate the hemodynamic response; however, clonidine was better in the reduction of postoperative pain scores and the decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Improved biodiesel from palm oil using lipase immobilized calcium alginate and Irvingia gabonensis matrices
Authors: Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju , Falokun Esther Imole , Balogun Saka Adebayo , Akinloye Oluwaseyi A. , Omeike Sunday Osaizua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Lipase is an important microbial enzyme and biocatalyst in biodiesel production. The study investigated fuel properties of biodiesel produced from palm oil (PO) using lipase immobilized on Irvingia gabonensis and calcium alginate.

Results
Biodiesel yield from PO using free and immobilized lipases was highest at 35 °C and pH 7, with product yield using calcium alginate-immobilized lipase, CAIL (94.42, 96.9%) higher than using Irvingia gabonensis-immobilized lipase, IGIL (92.54, 95.8%). Biodiesel produced using immobilized lipases had similar pour point, cloud point, and kinematic viscosity, and they possessed improved fuel properties compared to free lipase biodiesel in terms of densities at 15 °C and flash point. Pour points, flash point, and kinematic viscosity of biodiesel produced using CAIL and IGIL met American and European Standards but density at 15 °C and cloud points are below both standards. CAIL and IGIL biodiesel had similar fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) compounds and consisted more of unsaturated fatty acids (hexadecanoate, 9-octadecenoate, octadecanoate, dodecanoate, and 9,12-octadeca-dienoate) than obtained in biodiesel from free lipase. IGIL and CAIL were re-used in 8 and 12 cycles respectively, with > 90% biodiesel yield achieved in four and 11 cycles.

Conclusions
The study showed that lipase immobilized on Irvingia gabenensis and calcium alginate and used in biodiesel production retained high enzyme activity and biodiesel yield in repeated cycles.
Psidium guajava leaves assisted green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles: a review
Authors: Patil Shriniwas P. , Rane Pradip M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, revealing the significance of plant extracts in reducing metal source to nanoparticles and applications in various domains of science.

Main body
Psidium guajava (guava) is evergreen, edible fruit-bearing plant, belonging to family Myrtaceae. Its leaves are reported to contain several phytochemicals like tannins, glycosides, terpenes, and triterpenes. This article focus on applications of Psidium guajava leaves extract in fabrication of nanoparticles of various metals like silver, gold, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and copper oxide. In respective research attempts, these metallic nanoparticles were evaluated for one or more applications like anti-microbial activity and/or photocatalytic activity.

Conclusion
Use of polar extract of guava leaves indicated involvement of its polar phyto-compounds in reducing the metal source and stabilizing the nanoparticles. In conclusion, it could be noted that metal nanoparticles have better anti-microbial activity and photocatalytic potential over aqueous leaves extract.

Graphical abstract
A new gas chromatographic method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and caffeine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Zambakjian Celine , Sakur Amir Alhaj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Caffeine is one of the most common adjuvant analgesic drugs which is combined with ibuprofen in commercially available formulations. Combining analgesics offers the possibility of increasing effectiveness without increasing dose and therefore risk. Prescribing ibuprofen and caffeine together is common in clinical practice. This is the first work reporting a new and validated gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and caffeine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was performed on a TRB-17 column (30.00 m in length, 0.25-mm ID, and 0.25-μm df). Detection was carried out using a flame ionization detector (FID). Methyl paraben was used as an internal standard. The injection volume was 1 μL with 1:50 split ratio using nitrogen as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The oven temperature was programmed at 150 °C for 0.5 min, with a rise of 10 °C/min up to 250 °C. The injector temperature was 280 °C, and the detector temperature was 300 °C. The validation of the method including linearity, range, detection limit (DL), quantitation limit (QL), accuracy, precision, specificity, system suitability, and robustness was carried out utilizing International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Results
The retention times of methyl paraben, ibuprofen, and caffeine were 1.687, 2.594, and 4.031 min, respectively. The method was linear in the range of 1000–7000 μg/mL for ibuprofen and 162.5–1137.5 μg/mL for caffeine with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 for both drugs. The DL was found to be 131.68 μg/mL and 15.74 μg/mL for ibuprofen and caffeine, respectively, whereas QL was found to be 399.02 μg/mL for ibuprofen and 47.68 μg/mL for caffeine. The accuracy of the method was validated by mean percentage recovery, which was found to be in the acceptable range. The precision study results of the new method were less than the maximum allowable limit percentage of relative standard deviation %RSD ≤ 2.0.
The specificity was evaluated by the standard edition method, and the results of the recovery data showed that excipients do not affect the accuracy of the proposed method. The results of system suitability and robustness tests were also within the acceptable limits.

Conclusion
The first reported method for simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and caffeine by gas chromatography in bulk and combined dosage form was carried out in this work. The developed method gave a good separation of the drugs and internal standard. The analytical performance of the method was statistically validated as per ICH guidelines, and satisfactory results were obtained. The proposed method can be easily adopted for the routine analysis of ibuprofen and caffeine.
Early appendectomy for appendicular mass: operative findings and outcome in 220 children—a developing country perspective
Authors: Rahman M. A. Mushfiqur , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Chowdhury Mohammad Zonaid , Farooq Md. Abdullah Al 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Lump or mass formation due to delayed presentation after appendicitis is common, and it is frequently complicated by perforation, gangrene, pus, or abscess formation. Care of patients and management vary between developed world and developing country. The aim of the study is to analyze outcome of early surgery for appendicular mass from a developing country perspective. 220 patients of appendicular mass who underwent early appendectomy over a period of 5 years in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, at author’s institute were retrospectively reviewed. Early appendectomy was defined as appendectomy done within 24 h of admission. Presentation, examination findings, investigations, type of surgery, operative findings, post-operative complications, and hospital stay were analyzed.

Results
Age of patients ranged from 2 to 12 years (mean 9.04 ± 2.54 years) and male to female ratio was 2:1. Abdominal pain was the most common presentation followed by vomiting and fever. Mean pain duration was 4.35 ± 4.23 days. There was raised temperature in 140 (63.64%) patients, 154 (74.04%) had tachycardia, and 75.86% had raised WBC count. Laparoscopic appendectomy was done in 31 (14.09%) patients, and the rest 189 (85.91%) patients underwent open surgery. Perforated appendix was the most common (171 patients, 77.73%) peri-operative finding followed by formation of pus (135 patients, 61%). Pus was found more in patients less than 5 years old (18 patients out of 23) than patients more than 5 years old (114 patients out of 197) (P = 0.045). Younger patients also had significantly more complications (39.13% vs 17.26%, P = .000) and hospital stays (mean 15.61 days vs 9.87 days, P = 0.014) than older boys. Complications developed in 42 (19.09%) patients, and wound dehiscence (26 patients, 11.82%) was the most common complication.

Conclusion
Early appendectomy for appendicular mass is a feasible option in the developing world, and laparoscopic appendectomy has good prospect.
Healthcare use by people who use illicit opioids (HUPIO): development of a cohort based on electronic primary care records in England
Authors: Lewer Dan , Padmanathan Prianka , Qummer ul Arfeen Muhammad , Denaxas Spiros , Forbes Harriet , Gonzalez-Izquierdo Arturo , Hickman Matt 
Published: December 2020

Background: People who use illicit opioids such as heroin have substantial health needs, but there are few longitudinal studies of general health and healthcare in this population. Most research to date has focused on a narrow set of outcomes, including overdoses and HIV or hepatitis infections. We developed and validated a cohort using UK primary care electronic health records (Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and AURUM databases) to facilitate research into healthcare use by people who use illicit opioid use (HUPIO). Methods: Participants are patients in England with primary care records indicating a history of illicit opioid use. We identified codes including prescriptions of opioid agonist therapies (methadone and buprenorphine) and clinical observations such as ‘heroin dependence’. We constructed a cohort of patients with at least one of these codes and aged 18-64 at cohort entry, with follow-up between January 1997 and March 2020. We validated the cohort by comparing patient characteristics and mortality rates to other cohorts of people who use illicit opioids, with different recruitment methods. Results: Up to March 2020, the HUPIO cohort included 138,761 patients with a history of illicit opioid use. Demographic characteristics and all-cause mortality were similar to existing cohorts: 69% were male; the median age at index for patients in CPRD AURUM (the database with more included participants) was 35.3 (IQR 29.1-42.6); the average age of new cohort entrants increased over time; 76% had records indicating current tobacco smoking; patients disproportionately lived in deprived neighbourhoods; and all-cause mortality risk was 5.4 (95% CI 5.3-5.5) times the general population of England. Conclusions: Primary care data offer new opportunities to study holistic health outcomes and healthcare of this population. The large sample enables investigation of rare outcomes, whilst the availability of linkage to external datasets allows investigation of hospital use, cancer treatment, and mortality.
Imaging the magnetic field distribution of a micro-wire with the nitrogen-vacancycolor center ensemble in diamond
Authors: Wang Tianyu , Li Zhonghao , Zhao Rui , Guo Qi , Li Xin , Guo Hao , Wen Huanfei , Tang Jun , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2020

Imaging the high-precision magnetic distribution generated by the surface current of chips and chip-like structures is an important way to measure thermal parameters of core components. Based on a high-concentration nitrogen-vacancy color center ensemble in diamond, the imaging magnetic field distribution is performed in a wide-field microscope. The magnetic vector detection and reduction model is verified first with continuous wave optical detection of magnetic resonance technology. By systematically measuring the distribution of the electromagnetic field generated on the surface of the micro-wire under different microwave power and different laser power conditions, the imaging quality of the wide-field imaging system can be optimized by adjusting the experimental parameters. Then, the electromagnetic field distribution imaging on the wire surface under different current intensities is obtained. In this way, accurate measurement and characterization of the magnetic distribution on the surface of the micro-wire is realized. Finally, at the field of view in the range of

480

µ

m

×
270

µ

m

, the magnetic intensity is an accurate characterization in 0.5–10 Gs, and the magnetic detection sensitivity can be increased from 100 to

20

µ

T

/

H
z

1

/

2

. The results show the accurate magnetic distribution imaging for chips and chip-like structures, which provide a new method for chip function detection and fault diagnosis based on precision quantum measurement technology.
Vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Havana, Cuba, for dengue virus type 1, chikungunya, and Zika viruses
Authors: Gutiérrez-Bugallo Gladys , Boullis Antoine , Martinez Yanet , Hery Lyza , Rodríguez Magdalena , Bisset Juan A. , Vega-Rúa Anubis 
Published: December 2020

Background
Like many countries from the Americas, Cuba is threatened by Aedes aegypti-associated arboviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Curiously, when CHIKV was actively circulating in the region in 2013–2014, no autochthonous transmission of this virus was detected in Havana, Cuba, despite the importation of chikungunya cases into this city. To investigate if the transmission ability of local mosquito populations could explain this epidemiological scenario, we evaluated for the first time the vector competence of two Ae. aegypti populations (Pasteur and Párraga) collected from Havana for dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1), CHIKV, and ZIKV.

Methodology/Principal findings
Mosquito populations were fed separately using blood containing ZIKV, DENV-1, or CHIKV. Infection, dissemination, and transmission rates, were estimated at 3 (exclusively for CHIKV), 7, and 14 days post exposure (dpe) for each Ae. aegypti population-virus combination. Both mosquito populations were susceptible to DENV-1 and ZIKV, with viral infection and dissemination rates ranging from 24–97% and 6–67% respectively. In addition, CHIKV disseminated in both populations and was subsequently transmitted. Transmission rates were low (<30%) regardless of the mosquito population/virus combination and no ZIKV was detected in saliva of females from the Pasteur population at any dpe.

Conclusions/Significance
Our study demonstrated the ability of Ae. aegypti from Cuba to transmit DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV. These results, along with the widespread distribution and high abundance of this species in the urban settings throughout the island, highlight the importance of Ae. aegypti control and arbovirus surveillance to prevent future outbreaks.
The effect of a ketogenic diet and synergy with rapamycin in a mouse model of breast cancer
Authors: Zou Yiyu , Fineberg Susan , Pearlman Alexander , Feinman Richard D. , Fine Eugene J. 
Published: December 2020

Background
The effects of diet in cancer, in general, and breast cancer in particular, are not well understood. Insulin inhibition in ketogenic, high fat diets, modulate downstream signaling molecules and are postulated to have therapeutic benefits. Obesity and diabetes have been associated with higher incidence of breast cancer. Addition of anti-cancer drugs together with diet is also not well studied.

Methods
Two diets, one ketogenic, the other standard mouse chow, were tested in a spontaneous breast cancer model in 34 mice. Subgroups of 3–9 mice were assigned, in which the diet were implemented either with or without added rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and potential anti-cancer drug.

Results
Blood glucose and insulin concentrations in mice ingesting the ketogenic diet (KD) were significantly lower, whereas beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels were significantly higher, respectively, than in mice on the standard diet (SD). Growth of primary breast tumors and lung metastases were inhibited, and lifespans were longer in the KD mice compared to mice on the SD (p<0.005). Rapamycin improved survival in both mouse diet groups, but when combined with the KD was more effective than when combined with the SD.

Conclusions
The study provides proof of principle that a ketogenic diet a) results in serum insulin reduction and ketosis in a spontaneous breast cancer mouse model; b) can serve as a therapeutic anti-cancer agent; and c) can enhance the effects of rapamycin, an anti-cancer drug, permitting dose reduction for comparable effect. Further, the ketogenic diet in this model produces superior cancer control than standard mouse chow whether with or without added rapamycin.