bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among children visiting a hospital
Authors: Wang Ran , Jin Fang , Cao Shuhui , Yuan Hong , Qu Jingchen , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Yuxuan , Chen Xiangpeng , Song Wenqi , Xie Zhengde 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceIn this study, we retrospectively investigated the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies within serum samples from children in Beijing, China. These findings provide preliminary guidance regarding population susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2, which will aid in establishing policy toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) prevention and control.ObjectiveTo understand the seropositivity of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM/IgG antibodies among children in Beijing, China, evaluate the susceptibility of children in Beijing to SARS‐CoV‐2, and provide prima facie evidence to guide SARS‐CoV‐2 prevention and control.MethodsIgM/IgG antibody kits (colloidal gold) were used to conduct preliminary screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM/IgG antibodies in serum samples of children who presented to Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, having fever or requiring hospitalization, from March 2020 to August 2020. Statistical analysis of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seropositivity was performed according to the children’s general demographic characteristics, timing of admission to hospital, presence of pneumonia, and viral nucleic acid test results.ResultsThe study included 19 797 children with both IgM and IgG antibody results. Twenty‐four children had anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM‐positive results (positive rate of 1.2‰), twelve children had anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG‐positive results (positive rate of 0.6‰). Viral nucleic acid test results were negative for the above‐mentioned children with positive antibody findings; during the study, two children exhibited positive viral nucleic acid test results, but their anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM/IgG antibody results were negative. Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM antibody seropositivity was higher in the <1‐year‐old group than in the ≥6‐year‐old group. The rates of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM seropositivity was highest in August from March to August; IgG results did not significantly differ over time. The rates of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM or IgG seropositivity among children with and without suspected pneumonia did not significantly differ between groups.InterpretationDuring the study period, the rates of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgM/IgG antibody seropositivity were low among children who presented to Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University. The findings suggest that children in Beijing are generally susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection; COVID‐19 prevention and control measures should be strengthened to prevent disease in children.
Brain development in children with developmental delay using amide proton transfer‐weighted imaging and magnetization transfer imaging
Authors: Tang Xiaolu , Zhang Hong , Zhou Jinyuan , Kang Huiying , Yang Shuangfeng , Cui Haijing , Peng Yun 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceThe process of brain development in children with developmental delay is not well known. Amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) imaging is a novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can noninvasively detect cytosolic endogenous mobile proteins and peptides involved in the myelination process, and may be useful for providing insights into brain development.ObjectiveTo assess the contribution of amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) imaging and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging to the evaluation of children with developmental delay (DD).MethodsFifty‐one patients with DD were recruited to this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the state of myelination assessed on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty patients (10 girls, 20 boys; age range: 1–8 months; median age: 4 months) in group A showed delayed myelination on MRI, while 21 patients (3 girls, 18 boys; age range: 12–36months; median age: 25months) in group B showed normal myelination on MRI. Fifty‐one age‐ and sex‐matched children with normal developmental quotient (DQ) and normal MRI appearance were recruited as normal controls. Three‐slice APTw/MT axial imaging was performed at the level of the centrum semiovale, the basal ganglia and the pons. Quantitative data of the MT ratio (MTR) and APTw were analyzed for multiple brain regions. Independent‐sample t‐tests were used to compare differences in APTw and MTR signals between the two DD groups and normal controls. Analysis of Covariance was conducted to correct the statistical results. The level of statistical significance was set to P < 0.05.ResultsFor group A, the MTR values were lower in all regions (P = 0.004–0.033) compared with the normal controls, while the APTw values were higher in the pons, middle cerebellar peduncle, corpus callosum, frontal white matter, occipital white matter and centrum semiovale (P = 0.004–0.040 ). For Group B, the MTR values were slightly reduced, and the APTw values were slightly increased compared with the normal controls, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).InterpretationFor DD patients showing signs of delayed myelination on MRI, MTR and APTw imaging can help to diagnose myelination delay by quantifying semi‐solid macromolecules and cytosolic endogenous mobile proteins and peptides at a molecular level, providing a new method for comprehensive evaluation of DD. For DD patients with normal myelination on MRI, the clinical values of MTR and APTw imaging remain to be explored.
Phase transition for the volume of high‐dimensional random polytopes
Authors: Bonnet Gilles , Kabluchko Zakhar , Turchi Nicola 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe beta polytope is the convex hull of n i.i.d. random points distributed in the unit ball of according to a density proportional to if (in particular, corresponds to the uniform distribution in the ball), or uniformly on the unit sphere if . We show that the expected normalized volumes of high‐dimensional beta polytopes exhibit a phase transition and we describe its shape. We derive analogous results for the intrinsic volumes of beta polytopes and, when , their number of vertices.
Synthetic Strategies for Hydrazinyl Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Dey Sovan , Das Arindam , Hossain Md. Firoj 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydrazinyl thiazole is frequently encountered in natural as well as in synthetic compounds. It is also an important pharmacophore and has some other useful applications. In this review article, we have compiled different green synthetic procedures for the synthesis of hydrazinyl thiazole derivatives. Also, the critical analysis of different synthetic schemes will help to understand the lacks in developed procedures and to develop new methodologies regarding its synthesis, specially using heterogeneous organocatalyst and photocatalyst.
A Green Synthetic Approach Towards One Pot Multi Component Synthesis of Hexahydroquinoline and 9‐Arylhexahydroacridine‐1,8‐dione Derivatives Catalyzed by Sulphonated Rice Husk
Authors: Dey Sourav , Basak Puja , Ghosh Pranab 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient, straight forward, eco‐friendly procedure for the synthesis of biologically active hexahydroquinoline derivatives and hexahydroacridine‐1,8‐diones has been designed using a novel bio‐degradable heterogeneous catalyst, sulphonated rice‐husk (SRH). SRH provides high density of acid groups making it different from conventional solid acids containing single acid groups. We report an efficient protocol for the synthesis of hexahydroquinolines and hexahydroacridine‐1,8‐diones using this carbon based acid catalyst (SRH) in solvent free and greener solvent respectively. Moreover, operational simplicity, greener reaction condition, reusability of the catalyst, excellent yield (upto 98 %) are the fundamental features of this protocol. The metal free catalyst was characterised using different spectroscopic techniques FTIR, SEM, EDX, Powder XRD, ICP‐AES.
Tradition and modernity in the structural art of steel‐glass structures in Japan
Authors: Kido Ewa Maria , Cywiński Zbigniew , Kawaguchi Hidetoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Committee on the Design, Construction and Production of Aesthetic Architecture, established by the Japanese Society of Steel Construction (JSSC), has for a long time stood for the promotion of appealing architecture – particularly in steel‐glass structures. Such aesthetic architecture, despite being very modern, often expresses the tradition of the particular location and its culture. The choice of structural configuration is one of the tools for achieving relevant architecture. This paper, introducing attractive and innovative steel structures combined with glass, shows several examples typical of this trend in Japan.
Climate Change Implications and Mitigation in a Hyperarid Country: A Case of Namibia
Authors: Mupambwa Hupenyu A. , Hausiku Martha K. , Namwoonde Andreas S. , Liswaniso Gadaffi M. , Haulofu Mayday , Mafwila Samuel K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNamibia is the most arid country in sub-Saharan Africa characterized by the existence of two deserts, the Namib and the Kalahari. However, though being arid, agriculture still plays a critical role in Namibia’s economy, which includes both crop and animal production. Furthermore, the country is endowed with vast marine resources, with its marine waters being equivalent to two-thirds of Namibia’s terrestrial environment. In the face of climate change and a growing population, there is a need for Namibia to continue with its climate smart efforts which is critical in shifting the country from its current dependency on imports thus increasing the country’s food self-sufficiency. This chapter highlights the threats posed by climate change, both on land and the marine environment of the country, which has potential negative impacts on the economy. Current research being undertaken in Namibia on ocean acidification, sea water harvesting, climate smart agriculture, and atmospheric science, is also highlighted in this chapter. The information presented in this chapter will be critical in guiding climate change mitigation policies in hyperarid African countries, thus reducing the burden caused by the global change in climate. Aspects on the direction of future research on climate adaptation with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach are also proposed.
Fate of domain walls in 5D gravitational theory with compact extra dimension
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki , Aoki Shuntaro , Asai Yu , Sakamura Yutaka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We pursue the time evolution of the domain walls in 5D gravitational theory with a compact extra dimension by numerical calculation. In order to avoid a kink-antikink pair that decays into the vacuum, we introduce a topological winding in the field space. In contrast to the case of non-gravitational theories, there is no static domain-wall solution in the setup. In the case that the minimal value of the potential is non-negative, we find that both the 3D space and the extra dimension will expand at late times if the initial value of the Hubble parameter is chosen as positive. The wall width almost remains constant during the evolution. In other cases, the extra dimension diverges and the 3D space shrinks to zero at a finite time.
Constructing massive on-shell contact terms
Authors: Durieux Gauthier , Kitahara Teppei , Machado Camila S. , Shadmi Yael , Weiss Yaniv 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purely on-shell approach to effective field theories requires the construction of independent contact terms. Employing the little-group-covariant massive-spinor formalism, we present the first systematic derivation of independent four-point contact terms involving massive scalars, spin-1/2 fermions, and vectors. Independent three-point amplitudes are also listed for massive particles up to spin-3. We make extensive use of the simple relations between massless and massive amplitudes in this formalism. Our general results are specialized to the (broken-phase) particle content of the electroweak sector of the standard model. The (anti)symmetrization among identical particles is then accounted for. This work opens the way for the on-shell computation of massive four-point amplitudes.
Sensitivity of direct detection experiments to neutrino magnetic dipole moments
Authors: Aristizabal Sierra D. , Branada R. , Miranda O. G. , Sanchez Garcia G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With large active volume sizes dark matter direct detection experiments are sensitive to solar neutrino fluxes. Nuclear recoil signals are induced by 8B neutrinos, while electron recoils are mainly generated by the pp flux. Measurements of both processes offer an opportunity to test neutrino properties at low thresholds with fairly low backgrounds. In this paper we study the sensitivity of these experiments to neutrino magnetic dipole moments assuming 1, 10 and 40 tonne active volumes (representative of XENON1T, XENONnT and DARWIN), 0.3 keV and 1 keV thresholds. We show that with nuclear recoil measurements alone a 40 tonne detector could be as competitive as Borexino, TEXONO and GEMMA, with sensitivities of order 8.0 × 10−11μB at the 90% CL after one year of data taking. Electron recoil measurements will increase sensitivities way below these values allowing to test regions not excluded by astrophysical arguments. Using electron recoil data and depending on performance, the same detector will be able to explore values down to 4.0 × 10−12μB at the 90% CL in one year of data taking. By assuming a 200-tonne liquid xenon detector operating during 10 years, we conclude that sensitivities in this type of detectors will be of order 10−12μB. Reducing statistical uncertainties may enable improving sensitivities below these values.
Comparison of improved TMD and CGC frameworks in forward quark dijet production
Authors: Fujii Hirotsugu , Marquet Cyrille , Watanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For studying small-x gluon saturation in forward dijet production in high-energy dilute-dense collisions, the improved TMD (ITMD) factorization formula was recently proposed. In the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) framework, it represents the leading term of an expansion in inverse powers of the hard scale. It contains the leading-twist TMD factorization formula relevant for small gluon’s transverse momentum kt, but also incorporates an all-order resummation of kinematical twists, resulting in a proper matching to high-energy factorization at large kt. In this paper, we evaluate the accuracy of the ITMD formula quantitatively, for the case of quark dijet production in high-energy proton-proton(p+p) and proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions at LHC energies. We do so by comparing the quark-antiquark azimuthal angle ∆ϕ distribution to that obtained with the CGC formula. For a dijet with each quark momentum pt much larger than the target saturation scale, Qs, the ITMD formula is a good approximation to the CGC formula in a wide range of azimuthal angle. It becomes less accurate as the jet pt’s are lowered, as expected, due to the presence of genuine higher-twists contributions in the CGC framework, which represent multi-body scattering effects absent in the ITMD formula. We find that, as the hard jet momenta are lowered, the accuracy of ITMD start by deteriorating at small angles, in the high-energy-factorization regime, while in the TMD regime near ∆ϕ = π, very low values of pt are needed to see differences between the CGC and the ITMD formula. In addition, the genuine twists corrections to ITMD become visible for higher values of pt in p + A collisions, compared to p+p collisions, signaling that they are enhanced by the target saturation scale.
Surface defects on E-string from 5-brane webs
Authors: Kim Sung-Soo , Sugimoto Yuji , Yagi Futoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study 6d E-string theory with defects on a circle. Our basic strategy is to apply the geometric transition to the supersymmetric gauge theories. First, we calculate the partition functions of the 5d SU(3)0 gauge theory with 10 flavors, which is UV-dual to the 5d Sp(2) gauge theory with 10 flavors, based on two different 5-brane web diagrams, and check that two partition functions agree with each other. Then, by utilizing the geometric transition, we find the surface defect partition function for E-string on ℝ4 × T2. We also discuss that our result is consistent with the elliptic genus. Based on the result, we show how the global symmetry is broken by the defects, and discuss that the breaking pattern depends on where/how we insert the defects.
Becoming clinical supervisors: identity learnings from a&nbsp;registrar faculty development program
Authors: Noble Christy , Young Jessica , Hourn Ellen , Sheehan Dale 
Published: December 2020

This article shares our experiences and surprises as we developed, implemented and evaluated a 12-week faculty development program for registrars as clinical supervisors over three cohorts. The program has consistently been rated highly by participants. Yet, following a comprehensive curriculum review, we were surprised that our goal of encouraging identity development in clinical supervisors seemed to be unmet. Whilst our evaluation suggests that the program made important contributions to the registrars’ knowledge, application and readiness as clinical supervisors, challenges linked to developing a supervisor identity and managing the dual identity of supervisor and clinician remain. In this article we describe our program and argue for the importance of designing faculty development programs to support professional identity formation. We present the findings from our program evaluation and discuss the surprising outcomes and ongoing challenges of developing a cohesive clinical educator identity. Informed by recent evidence and workplace learning theory we critically appraise our program, explain the mechanisms for the unintended outcomes and offer suggestions for improving curricular and pedagogic practices of embedded faculty development programs. A key recommendation is to not only consider identity formation of clinical supervisors from an individualist perspective but also from a social perspective.
Anticancer Agent Gefitinib and Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Joshi Madhura , Gopinath P. M. , Kalaichelvi K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCongenital abnormalities caused by human teratogenic drugs account for less than 1% of total congenital abnormalities. We report the first case of multiple anomalies associated with antenatal exposure to the anticancer agent Gefitinib. The patient conceived while she was on tablet Gefitinib 250 mg once a day for stage IV adenocarcinoma of lungs. The first scan done at 29 weeks 2 days showed liquor amnii on the upper limit of normal, single umbilical artery, left sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia, ventriculoseptal defect and left radial ray defect. The patient had a preterm delivery after one week and she refused autopsy. It is important to advise patients regarding contraception while undergoing chemotherapy as there is an increased risk of drug induced fetal malformations.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: A Case Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Sablok Aanchal , Thakur Seema , Sharma Akshatha , Kaul Anita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with a prevalence rate of 1 in 125,000–170,000. BBS can occur as a result of mutation in one of the 19 known genes of the BBS gene complex. The syndrome is mostly diagnosed post-natally based on the structural and functional manifestations of the disease in childhood like short stature, obesity, polydactyly or syndactyly, retinal dystrophy, structural renal abnormalities, neurodevelopment delays, mental retardation, diabetes mellitus. We present a case of Bardet-Biedl syndrome diagnosed prenatally at 18 weeks gestation based on prenatal ultrasound findings of post axial polydactyly with bilateral hyperechogenic kidneys. Clinical suspicion based on ultrasound findings was supplemented amniocentesis and clinical exome sequencing. This showed a pathogenic variant in homozygous state in the MKKS gene, consistent with Bardet-Biedl syndrome type 6. Unless BBS has been suspected antenatally, diagnosis of BBS is usually made in late childhood or early adulthood adding to the psychological, emotional and financial burden on the family. With advances in prenatal ultrasound techniques and tremendous improvement in genetic diagnosis of suspicious findings on ultrasonography, diagnosis of rare genetic disorders like BBS is now possible as early as the 18–20 weeks scan. This can aid in appropriate counseling of the family and timely intervention in children born with this condition.
Crisis and Intergovernmental Retrenchment in the European Union? Framing the EU’s Answer to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Salvati Eugenio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has placed severe pressure on the EU’s capacity to provide a timely and coordinated response capable of curbing the pandemic’s disastrous economic and social effects on EU member states. In this situation, the supranational institutions and their models of action are evidently under pressure, seeming incapable of leading the EU out of the stormy waters of the present crisis. The article frames the first months of management of the COVID-19 crisis at EU level as characterised by the limited increase in the level of steering capacity by supranational institutions, due to the reaffirmed centrality of the intergovernmental option. To explain this situation, the article considers the absence of the institutional capacity/legitimacy to extract resources from society(ies), and the subsequent impossibility of guaranteeing an effective and autonomous process of political (re)distribution, the key factors accounting for the weakness of vertical political integration in the response to the COVID-19 challenge. This explains why during the COVID-19 crisis as well, the pattern followed by the EU is rather similar to past patterns, thus confirming that this has fed retrenchment aimed at the enforcement of the intergovernmental model and the defence of the most sensitive core state powers against inference from supranational EU institutions.
Mixing operators with prescribed unimodular eigenvalues
Authors: BEISE H.-P. , FRERICK L. , MÜLLER J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor arbitrary closed countable subsetsZof the unit circle examples of topologically mixing operators on Hilbert spaces are given which have a densely spanning set of eigenvectors with unimodular eigenvalues restricted toZ. In particular, these operators cannot be ergodic in the Gaussian sense.