bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Kawasaki disease shock syndrome with inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium: a case report
Authors: Sugiura Yuki , Okumura Takahiro , Kondo Toru , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limiting form of systemic vasculitis. KD usually occurs in infants and young children and is rarely seen in adolescents. On rare occasions, KD is accompanied with reduced organ perfusion due to systolic hypotension, a condition known as Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS). The multifactorial causes of KDSS may include intensive vasculitis with capillary leak, myocardial dysfunction, and release of proinflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of KDSS have not been fully elucidated.

Case summary
A febrile 17-year-old male with cervical lymphadenopathy developed extreme shock with rapid cardiac dysfunction and reduced organ perfusion. Electrocardiogram revealed ST elevation in the precordial leads and increased serum levels of cardiac enzyme levels. Endomyocardial biopsy at the acute phase revealed CD3+, CD4+ or CD8+, and CD20− lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages within infiltrates in the myocardium with mild interstitial fibrosis. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and followed by glucocorticoids with mechanical circulatory support. His cardiac function recovered rapidly with no apparent adverse effects.

Discussion
Our results suggest that KDSS may be a form of myocarditis, a condition in which inflammatory cells infiltrate the myocardium. Early immunosuppressive therapy, including IVIG and glucocorticoid therapy, may limit the severity of disease and improve the prognosis. As shown by this case, an accurate diagnosis of KD and KDSS will lead to early intervention and improved prognosis even among those in an older cohort.
Cause-specific death and risk factors of 1-year mortality after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a nationwide study
Authors: Alhakak Amna , Østergaard Lauge , Butt Jawad H , Vinther Michael , Philbert Berit T , Jacobsen Peter K , Yafasova Adelina , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L , Mogensen Ulrik M , Weeke Peter E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Current treatment guidelines recommend implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in eligible patients with an estimated survival beyond 1 year. There is still an unmet need to identify patients who are unlikely to benefit from an ICD. We determined cause-specific 1-year mortality after ICD implantation and identified associated risk factors.

Methods and results
Using Danish nationwide registries (2000–2017), we identified 14 516 patients undergoing first-time ICD implantation for primary or secondary prevention. Risk factors associated with 1-year mortality were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. The median age was 66 years, 81.3% were male, and 50.3% received an ICD for secondary prevention. The 1-year mortality rate was 4.8% (694/14 516). ICD recipients who died within 1 year were older and more comorbid compared to those who survived (72 vs. 66 years, P &lt; 0.001). Risk factors associated with increased 1-year mortality included dialysis [odds ratio (OR): 3.26, confidence interval (CI): 2.37–4.49], chronic renal disease (OR: 2.14, CI: 1.66–2.76), cancer (OR: 1.51, CI: 1.15–1.99), age 70–79 years (OR: 1.65, CI: 1.36–2.01), and age ≥80 years (OR: 2.84, CI: 2.15–3.77). The 1-year mortality rates for the specific risk factors were: dialysis (13.8%), chronic renal disease (13.1%), cancer (8.5%), age 70–79 years (6.9%), and age ≥80 years (11.0%). Overall, the most common causes of mortality were related to cardiovascular diseases (62.5%), cancer (10.1%), and endocrine disorders (5.0%). However, the most common cause of death among patients with cancer was cancer-related (45.7%).

Conclusion
Among ICD recipients, mortality rates were low and could be indicative of relevant patient selection. Important risk factors of increased 1-year mortality included dialysis, chronic renal disease, cancer, and advanced age.
The Link between Relative Pay and Job Satisfaction Revisited
Authors: Collischon Matthias , Eberl Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the connection between job satisfaction and comparison pay (defined as a person’s rank within a reference group) with SOEP Data. Based on work values and social networks, we argue that the existing literature neglects heterogeneities in individual job satisfaction as well as wage trajectories along the career path. Thus, previous studies based on survey data likely overestimate the connection between job satisfaction and comparison pay. We use fixed-effects individual slopes models to account for heterogeneous time trends between individuals. We find no statistically significant correlation between comparison pay and job satisfaction. We conclude that previous estimates were biased by not accounting for idiosyncratic trends in job satisfaction due to unobserved heterogeneity, which led to an omitted variable bias.
Direction, ontogeny, and mechanism of the temperature-size rule operating in a large marine crab, Chionoecetes opilio
Authors: Sainte-Marie Bernard , Ouellet Jean-François , Dionne Hélène 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The classic temperature-size rule (TSR) states that ectotherms mature smaller in warmer than in colder conditions; the reverse TSR is the opposite response. We combined field observations with laboratory experiments and published information to synthesise the response of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), a marine brachyuran with determinate growth, to temperature. Size at onset of physiological maturation/maturity and after terminal moult (TM) were positively related to temperature, thus indicating the reverse TSR. Moult increment varied little with temperature, but crabs were larger at instar in colder than in warmer water due to an initial difference in settlement size that propagated to higher instars, suggesting classic TSR prior to settlement. The pattern of increasing TM size with temperature was caused by crabs moulting more times before TM in warmer than in colder water. Intermoult period (IP) declined exponentially with temperature, and lower instars were more temperature sensitive than higher instars. Temperature effects on IP were strong enough to explain changes in size and instar number at TM under a possible time-invariant maturation schedule. Skip moulting was observed in the smallest crabs reared in the laboratory and resulted in high mortality. The reverse TSR in snow crab seems to be adaptive to coping with ectotherm predation.
Seabird bycatch in a sardine purse seine fishery
Authors: Norriss Jeffrey V , Fisher Emily A , Denham Ainslie M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Limited understanding of seabird bycatch in purse seine fisheries has been highlighted as a key information gap in assessments of seabird bycatch in fisheries globally. This study documents the bycatch of breeding flesh-footed shearwaters (Ardenna carneipes) in a sardine purse seine fishery on the southern coast of Western Australia. Fishery-dependent bycatch records from 2009/2010 to 2017/2018 showed a strong peak in the mortality rate per fishing trip during March and April, closely associated with the final stage of chick rearing. Observers during those peak months in 2007, 2008, 2017, and 2018 recorded 171 mortalities during 222 trips at per trip rates (±95% confidence limits) ranging from 0.59 (0.25–1.17) in 2017 to 1.10 (0.56–1.96) in 2007. Zero mortalities were recorded on at least 70% of trips in any year, suggesting infrequent formation of net folds that can trap birds. Total annual mortalities estimated for 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 were 123 (52–251) and 172 (91–302), respectively. Although within a sustainable anthropogenic limit of 495 (369–660) estimated from conservative application of the potential biological removal method, the extent of other anthropogenic mortalities is unknown. Further research on the effect of distance of breeding colonies from fishing operations is required.
Joint preoperative transthoracic and intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiographic assessment of functional mitral regurgitation severity provides better association with long-term mortality
Authors: Asher Shyamal R , Malzberg Gregory W , Ong Chin Siang , Malapero Raymond J , Wang Huan , Shekar Prem , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Pelletier Marc P , Mallidi Hari , Heydarpour Mahyar , Shook Douglas C , Shernan Stanton K , Fox John A , Muehlschlegel J. Daniel , Xu Xinling , Nguyen Thy B , Sundt Thoralf M , Body Simon C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is observed with ischaemic heart disease or aortic valve disease. Assessing the value of mitral valve repair or replacement (MVR/P) is complicated by frequent discordance between preoperative transthoracic echocardiographic (pTTE) and intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiographic (iTOE) assessment of MR severity. We examined the association of pTTE and iTOE with postoperative mortality in patients with or without MR, at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or aortic valve replacement without MVR/P.

METHODS
Medical records of 6629 patients undergoing CABG and/or aortic valve replacement surgery with or without functional MR and who did not undergo MVR/P were reviewed. MR severity assessed by pTTE and iTOE were examined for association with postoperative mortality using proportional hazards regression while accounting for patient and operative characteristics.

RESULTS
In 72% of 709 patients with clinically significant (moderate or greater) functional MR detected by pTTE, iTOE performed after induction of anaesthesia demonstrated a reduction in MR severity, while 2% of patients had increased severity of MR by iTOE. iTOE assessment of MR was better associated with long-term postoperative mortality than pTTE in patients with moderate MR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.31 (1.11–1.55) vs 1.02 (0.89–1.17), P-value for comparison of HR 0.025] but was not different for more than moderate MR [1.43 (0.96–2.14) vs 1.27 (0.80–2.02)].

CONCLUSIONS
In patients undergoing CABG and/or aortic valve replacement without MVR/P, these findings support intraoperative reassessment of MR severity by iTOE as an adjunct to pTTE in the prediction of mortality. Alone, these findings do not yet provide evidence for an operative strategy.
Reduced left ventricular contractility, increased diastolic operant stiffness and high energetic expenditure in patients with severe aortic regurgitation without indication for surgery
Authors: Reil Jan-Christian , Reil Gert-Hinrich , Hecker Nora , Sequeira Vasco , Borer Jeffrey S. , Stierle Ulrich , Lavall Daniel , Marquetand Christoph , Busch Claudia , Patzelt Johannes , Heringlake Matthias , Schäfers Hans-Joachim , Sievers Hans-Hinrich , Ensminger Stephan , Aboud Anas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Recent mortality studies showed worse prognosis in patients (ARNS) with severe aortic regurgitation and preserved ejection fraction (EF) not fulfilling the criteria of current guidelines for surgery. The aim of our study was to analyse left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and mechanical energetics to find haemodynamic explanations for the reduced prognosis of these patients and to seek a new concept for surgery.

METHODS
Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and echo-based single-beat pressure–volume analyses were performed in patients with ARNS (LV end-diastolic diameter &lt;70 mm, EF &gt;50%, GLS &gt; −19% n = 41), with indication for surgery (ARS; n = 19) and in mild hypertensive controls (C; n = 20). Additionally, end-systolic elastance (LV contractility), stroke work and total energy (pressure–volume area) were calculated.

RESULTS
ARNS demonstrated significantly depressed LV contractility versus C: end-systolic elastance (1.58 ± 0.7 vs 2.54 ± 0.8 mmHg/ml; P &lt; 0.001), despite identical EF (EF: 59 ± 6% vs 59 ± 7%). Accordingly, GLS was decreased [−15.7 ± 2.7% (n = 31) vs −21.2 ± 2.4%; P &lt; 0.001], end-diastolic volume (236 ± 90 vs 136 ± 30 ml; P &lt; 0.001) and diastolic operant stiffness were markedly enlarged, as were pressure–volume area and stroke work, indicating waste of energy. The correlation of GLS versus end-systolic elastance was good (r = −0.66; P &lt; 0.001). ARNS and ARS patients demonstrated similar haemodynamic disorders, whereas only GLS was worse in ARS.

CONCLUSIONS
ARNS patients almost matched the ARS patients in their haemodynamic and energetic deterioration, thereby explaining poor prognosis reported in literature. GLS has been shown to be a reliable surrogate for LV contractility, possibly overestimating contractility due to exhausted preload reserve in aortic regurgitation patients. GLS may outperform conventional echo parameters to predict more precisely the timing of surgery.
Homogenization and hypocoercivity for Fokker–Planck equations driven by weakly compressible shear flows
Authors: Coti Zelati Michele , Pavliotis Grigorios A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study the long-time dynamics of 2D linear Fokker–Planck equations driven by a drift that can be decomposed in the sum of a large shear component and the gradient of a regular potential depending on one spatial variable. The problem can be interpreted as that of a passive scalar advected by a slightly compressible shear flow, and undergoing small diffusion. For the corresponding stochastic differential equation, we give explicit homogenization rates in terms of a family of time-scales depending on the parameter measuring the strength of the incompressible perturbation. This is achieved by exploiting an auxiliary Poisson problem, and by computing the related effective diffusion coefficients. Regarding the long-time behavior of the solution of the Fokker–Planck equation, we provide explicit decay rates to the unique invariant measure by employing a quantitative version of the classical hypocoercivity scheme. From a fluid mechanics perspective, this turns out to be equivalent to quantifying the phenomenon of enhanced diffusion for slightly compressible shear flows.
A proposal for shoring up Federal Trade Commission protections for electronic health record–connected consumer apps under 21st Century Cures
Authors: Sayeed Raheel , Jones James , Gottlieb Daniel , Mandel Joshua C , Mandl Kenneth D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Under the 21st Century Cures Act and the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) rule implementing its interoperability provisions, a patient’s rights to easily request and obtain digital access to portions of their medical records are now supported by both technology and policy. Data, once directed by a patient to leave a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–covered health entity and enter a consumer app, will usually fall under Federal Trade Commission oversight. Because the statutory authority of the ONC does not extend to health data protection, there is not yet regulation to specifically address privacy protections for consumer apps. A technologically feasible workflow that could be widely adopted and permissible under ONC’s rule, involves using the SMART on FHIR OAuth authorization routine to present standardized information about app behavior. This approach would not bias the patient in a way that triggers penalties under information blocking provisions of the rule.
‘The only delight of my life’: the collection of Pablo Bosch (1841–1915) and its bequest to the Museo del Prado
Authors: Martínez Plaza Pedro J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The collection of Pablo Bosch, bequeathed to the Museo del Prado in 1915, was one of the most prestigious in early twentieth-century Spain. To date, no detailed study of it has been undertaken. Documentary sources allow for a reconstruction of Bosch’s life and his network of contacts, revealing his artistic preferences and notably his taste for early Flemish painting. Information provided by his correspondence also supports a reconstruction of his two principal collections (paintings, and coins and medals) and new data on many of the works that he owned is published here. An analysis of legal documents and the minutes of the meetings of the museum’s board of trustees provides more detailed information on the Prado’s management of the bequest from 1915 and permits some suggestions to be formulated regarding the decisions taken by Bosch in his several wills.
Homocysteine levels and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Leite Luana , Costa Dias Pitangueira Jacqueline , Ferreira Damascena Nadjane , Ribas de Farias Costa Priscila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Studies have indicated that homocysteine levels are nontraditional markers for cardiovascular disease. The onset of atherosclerotic disease begins in childhood and adolescence; thus, prevention of its risk factors should occur early.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the association between high homocysteine levels and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents.

Data Sources
This systematic review and meta-analysis were developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the protocol was submitted to PROSPERO. Only observational studies in children and adolescents with homocysteine levels as an exposure variable and cardiovascular risk factors as outcome variables were included and searched in the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Ovid and Scopus.

Data Extraction
Two authors independently extracted data from eligible studies. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Data Analysis
Seven studies were included in the systematic review; they were published from 1999 to 2017, predominantly were of a cross-sectional design, and mainly evaluated adolescents. In the meta-analysis (n = 6), cross-sectional studies (n = 3) identified that high homocysteine levels were positive and weakly correlated with overweight in children and adolescents (odds ratio, 1.08; 95%CI, 1.04–1.11).

Conclusion
High homocysteine levels were weakly associated with overweight in children and adolescents in the reviewed cross-sectional studies. However, for the other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the findings, although important, were inconclusive. Additional robust longitudinal studies are recommended to be conducted to better identify these associations.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018086252.
Omadacycline for the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus Disease: A Case Series
Authors: Pearson Jeffrey C , Dionne Brandon , Richterman Aaron , Vidal Samuel J , Weiss Zoe , Velásquez Gustavo E , Marty Francisco M , Sax Paul E , Yawetz Sigal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Omadacycline is an aminomethylcycline antimicrobial approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2018 for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. It has in vitro activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium abscessus complex, but clinical data for this indication are lacking.

Methods
Omadacycline use was reviewed at an 804-bed academic medical center. Patients were included if they received omadacycline for culture-proven M abscessus disease in 2019.

Results
Four patients received omadacycline for the treatment of culture-positive M abscessus disease in 2019. Two patients had cutaneous disease, 1 had pulmonary disease, and 1 had osteomyelitis and bacteremia. The patients received omadacycline for a median duration of 166 days (range, 104–227) along with a combination of other antimicrobial agents. Omadacycline-containing regimens were associated with a clinical cure in 3 of 4 patients, with 1 patient improving on ongoing treatment. Omadacycline’s tolerability was acceptable for patients with M abscessus disease, with 1 patient discontinuing therapy in month 6 due to nausea.

Conclusions
Omadacycline is a novel oral option for the treatment of M abscessus disease, for which safe and effective options are needed. Although this case series is promising, further data are required to determine omadacycline’s definitive role in the treatment of M abscessus disease.
Research on the performance of heavy-haul rail breakage detection using track circuit
Authors: Xing Yi , Li Wei , Liu Zhi ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rail breakage is one of the major safety risks in railway transportation. Because of the large axle weight, high density and large capacity of the heavy-haul railway, the damage to rail caused by heavy-haul train wheels will be more serious than that caused by ordinary passenger and cargo trains, resulting in a higher frequency of rail breakage. Taking the Daqin Railway Line as the research object, this paper analyses and discusses rail breakages occurring in interstation tracks and in-station tracks by establishing the ZPW-2000A track circuit calculation model considering the land leakage resistance between the rail line tracks; introduces the defining standards and measurement index of the broken rail coefficient to quantitatively analyse the influence of various influencing factors on the rail breakage inspection performance under the most unfavourable working conditions; and compares the model simulation data, the laboratory model data and the field test results to verify its effectiveness, so as to provide a reference and theoretical basis for the subsequent improvement and solution of the heavy-haul railway rail breakage problem.