bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper Induces Zebrafish Central Neural System Myelin Defects: the Regulatory Mechanisms in Wnt/Notch-hoxb5bSignaling and Underlying DNA Methylation
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guan PengPeng , Zhao Guang , Fang YaPing , Fu Hui , Gui Jian-Fang , Li GuoLiang , Liu Jing-Xia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnbalanced copper (Cu2+) homeostasis is associated with neurological development defects and diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, central neural system (CNS) myelin defects and down-regulated expression of Wnt/Notch signaling and their down-stream mediatorhoxb5bwere observed in Cu2+stressed zebrafish larvae. Loss/knockdown-of-function ofhoxb5bphenocopied the myelin and axon defects observed in Cu2+stressed embryos. Meanwhile, activation of Wnt/Notch signaling and ectopic expression ofhoxb5bcould rescue copper-induced myelin defects, suggesting Wnt&Notch-hoxb5baxis mediated Cu2+induced myelin and axon defects. Additionally, whole genome DNA methylation sequencing unveiled that a novel genefam168b, similar topou3f1/2, exhibited significant promoter hypermethylation and reduced expression in Cu2+stressed embryos. The hypermethylated locus infam168bpromoter acted pivotally in its transcription, and loss/knockdown offam168b/pou3f1also induced myelin defects. Moreover, this study unveiled thatfam168b/pou3f1andhoxb5baxis acted in a seesaw manner during fish embryogenesis, and demonstrated that copper induced the down-regulated expression of the Wnt&Notch-hoxb5baxis dependent of the function of copper transportercox17, coupled with the promoter methylation of genesfam168b/pou3f1and their subsequent down-regulated expression dependent of the function of another transporteratp7b, making joint contributions to myelin defects in embryos. Those data will shed some light on the linkage of unbalanced copper homeostasis with specific gene promoter methylation and signaling transduction as well as the resultant neurological development defects and diseases.Author summaryIn this study, we first unveiled that copper induced central neural system (CNS) myelin defectsviadown-regulating Wnt/Notch-hoxb5bsignaling, and parallel with hypermethylating promoters of genesfam168b/pou3f2and their subsequent down-regulated expression. Additionally, we unveiled thatfam168b/pou3f1andhoxb5baxis acted in a seesaw manner during fish embryogenesis. Genetically, we unveiled that copper was trafficked to mitochondrionvia cox17then led to the down-regulation of Wnt&Notch-hoxb5baxis, and was trafficked to trans-Golgi networkvia atp7bto induce the hypermethylation and the down-regulated expression ofpou3f1/fam168bgenes, making joint contributions to myelin defects in embryos.
The Dynamic Landscape of Transcription Initiation in Yeast Mitochondria
Authors: Sohn Byeong-Kwon , Basu Urmimala , Lee Seung-Won , Cho Hayoon , Shen Jiayu , Deshpande Aishwarya , Patel Smita S. , Kim Hajin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractControlling efficiency and fidelity in the early stage of mitochondrial DNA transcription is crucial for regulating cellular energy metabolism. Studies of bacteriophage and bacterial systems have revealed that transcription occurs through a series of conformational transitions during the initiation and elongation stages; however, how the conformational dynamics progress throughout these stages remains unknown. Here, we used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques to examine the conformational dynamics of the two-component transcription system of yeast mitochondria with single-base resolution. We show that, unlike its single-component homologue in bacteriophages, the yeast mitochondrial transcription initiation complex dynamically transitions between closed, open, and scrunched conformations throughout the initiation stage, and then makes a sharp irreversible transition to an unbent conformation by promoter release at position +8. Remarkably, stalling the initiation complex revealed unscrunching dynamics without dissociating the RNA transcript, manifesting the existence of backtracking transitions with possible regulatory roles. The dynamic landscape of transcription initiation revealed here suggests a kinetically driven regulation of mitochondrial transcription.
The drivers of West Nile virus human illness: fine scale dynamic effects of weather, mosquito infection, social, and biological conditions
Authors: Karki Surendra , Brown William M. , Uelmen John , Ruiz Marilyn O. , Smith Rebecca Lee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) has consistently been reported to be associated with human cases of illness in the region near Chicago, Illinois. However, the number of reported cases of human illness varies across years, with intermittent outbreaks. Several dynamic factors, including temperature, rainfall, and infection status of vector mosquito populations, are responsible for much of these observed variations. However, local landscape structure and human demographic characteristics also play a key role. The geographic and temporal scales used to analyze such complex data affect the observed associations. Here, we used spatial and statistical modeling approaches to investigate the factors that drive the outcome of WNV human illness on fine temporal and spatial scales. Our approach included multi-level modeling of long-term weekly data from 2005 to 2016, with weekly measures of mosquito infection, human illness and weather combined with more stable landscape and demographic factors on the geographical scale of 1000m hexagons. We found that hot weather conditions, warm winters, and higher MIR in earlier weeks increased the probability of an area of having a WNV human case. Higher population and the proportion of urban light intensity in an area also increased the probability of observing a WNV human case. A higher proportion of open water sources, percentage of grass land, deciduous forests, and housing built post 1990 decreased the probability of having a WNV case. Additionally, we found that cumulative positive mosquito pools up to 31 weeks can strongly predict the total annual human WNV cases in the Chicago region. This study helped us to improve our understanding of the fine-scale drivers of spatiotemporal variability of human WNV cases.
Modular prophage interactions driven by capsule serotype select for capsule loss under phage predation
Authors: Moura de Sousa Jorge A. , Buffet Amandine , Haudiquet Matthieu , Rocha Eduardo P.C. , Rendueles Olaya 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTKlebsiellaspecies are able to colonize a wide range of environments and include worrisome nosocomial pathogens. Here, we sought to determine the abundance and infectivity of prophages ofKlebsiellato understand how the interactions between induced prophages and bacteria affect population dynamics and evolution. We identified many prophages in the species, placing these taxa among the top 5% of the most polylysogenic bacteria. We selected 35 representative strains of theKlebsiella pneumoniaespecies complex to establish a network of induced phage-bacteria interactions. This revealed that many prophages are able to enter the lytic cycle, and subsequently kill or lysogenize closely-relatedKlebsiellastrains. Although 60% of the tested strains could produce phages that infect at least one other strain, the interaction network of all pairwise cross-infections is very sparse and mostly organized in modules corresponding to the strains’ capsule serotypes. Accordingly, capsule mutants remain uninfected showing that the capsule is a key factor for successful infections. Surprisingly, experiments in which bacteria are predated by their own prophages result in accelerated loss of the capsule. Our results show that phage infectiousness defines interaction modules between small subsets of phages and bacteria in function of capsule serotype. This limits the role of prophages as competitive weapons because they can infect very few strains of the species complex. This should also restrict phage-driven gene flow across the species. Finally, the accelerated loss of the capsule in bacteria being predated by their own phages, suggests that phages drive serotype switch in nature.
Corrosion behavior of heat-treated and cryorolled Al 5052 alloys in different chloride ion concentrations
Authors: Abu Seman Anasyida , Chan Ji Kit , Norazman Muhammad Anas , Hussain Zuhailawati , Brij Dhindaw , Ismail Azzura 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of heat-treated and cryorolled Al 5052 alloys in different Cl−ion concentrations.Design/methodology/approachNaCl solutions with concentrations of 0, 0.5, 3.5 and 5.5 per cent were selected. Samples were subjected to pre-heat treatment (annealing at 300 °C and solution treatment at 540 °C) and cryorolling up to 30 per cent reduction before undergoing corrosion tests. The corrosion behaviour of the samples was then investigated by potentiodynamic polarization. The microstructure of the corroded samples was evaluated under an optical microscope, and the percentages of pits on their surfaces were calculated.FindingsThe cryorolled samples had a lower corrosion rate than the samples that were not cryorolled. The cryorolled sample that underwent solution treatment showed the highest corrosion resistance among all the samples tested.Practical implicationsThe commercial impact of the study is the possibility of using the cryorolled Al alloy in various ion chloride environment.Originality/valueThe obtained results help in understanding the corrosion behaviour of cryorolled samples under different heat treatment conditions.
How manufacturer brand erosion shapes consumer assortment perceptions
Authors: Li Chunyu , He Yongfu , Peng Ling , Yuan Denghua 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Recently, the popularity of store brands has resulted in some manufacturer brands being removed from shelves. The current literature lacks empirical work on the effect of manufacturer brand erosion on consumer assortment perception and repatronage intention. Based on signalling theory, the purpose of this paper is to manufacturer brands play a signalling role and contend that manufacturer brand erosion has detrimental effects on the assortment perception due to reduced signalling efficacy.

Design/methodology/approach
A 3 (low manufacturer brand erosion vs high manufacturer brand erosion vs manufacturer brand dominance) ×2 (assortment size: small vs large) between-subject experiment was conducted.

Findings
Manufacturer brand erosion exerts a negative effect on assortment attractiveness and consumers’ repatronage intention; the greater the erosion, the larger the negative effect. These negative effects are mediated by reduced consumer perceptions of assortment quality and variety. A large (vs small) assortment size attenuates the negative effect of manufacturer brand erosion by improving perceived assortment quality.

Practical implications
To engage in strategic positioning through efficient assortment management, retailers should cooperate with brand manufacturers, instead of promoting their own private labels. Nevertheless, a large assortment dominated by store brands signals that the retailer has built a strong private brand, which in turn gains a differentiation advantage.

Originality/value
This paper is among the first to take the signalling perspective and explicitly investigate whether and how manufacturer brand erosion exerts a significant impact on assortment perception.
Food label design – exploring the literature
Authors: Latino Maria Elena , Menegoli Marta , Corallo Angelo 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the main research fields concerning food label designs and build a topic overview. To this end, the literature review method was chosen.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 121 papers was identified and analyzed using bibliometric analysis. Journals, articles, authors of the sample and the term co-occurrence map, which represents the recurring themes and organizes them in clusters, were defined. To recognize the main research fields, starting from analyzing the terms that compose each cluster, the results were discussed in a focus group composed of five experts.FindingsFood labelling theories are distinctly related to eight research fields: consumer behaviour analysis, consumer willingness evaluation, consumer product evaluation, nutrition and health, daily foodstuff and meal effects, food industry and related products, impacts on market and society and child nutrition.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral stakeholders could be interested in the results of this paper. Food companies could identify the best practices in food labelling theories to improve their products and labels. Governments could understand how social policies are acknowledged by consumers and how to create new policies. Researchers could identify new issues to investigate. The results could also facilitate bibliographical referencing for those who approach this topic for the first time.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, studies on food label theories explore the themes from the consumer’s perspective. The authors’ study, in contrast, focused on recognizing the research fields where food label designs are addressed.
Local government debt and regional economic growth in China
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Li Wang 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
With China’s economic growth slowing down and the growth rate of fiscal revenue decreasing, the pressure on local government debts is further increasing. Under this background, it is of great significance to clarify the relation between local government debts and China’s economic growth in order to give full play to the positive role of local debts in stabling growth. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
Therefore, this paper explores the impact of Chinese local government debt on economic growth from theoretical and empirical aspects, respectively, and compares the regional differences between different debts and economic growth dynamics.

Findings
In the theoretical model part, this paper constructs a three-sector dynamic game model, under the two circumstances of whether local government is subject to debt constraints, and examines the relation between local government debt and economic growth and other variables through numerical simulation. Research shows that when the government is not constrained by debt, there is an inverted “U” relation between government debt and economic growth. When the government is constrained by debt, the economic growth rate gradually decreases as the government debt increases.

Originality/value
In the theoretical analysis part, this paper tries to estimate the amount of local debts under different calibers and examines the impact of different types of local government debts on China’s economic growth and their regional differences. The results show that excessive accumulation of government hidden debts in the eastern region is not conducive to economic growth, while explicit debts in the central and western regions significantly contribute to local economic growth. The results of empirical analysis are basically consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model.
An empirical study of personality traits, job market appraisal and self-perceived employability in an uncertain environment
Authors: Neneh Brownhilder Ngek 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether personality traits play a significant role in understanding students’ self-perceived employability and test if the associations are influenced by the student’s job market appraisal. This is important as perceptions about one’s employability hold invaluable importance for students in uncertain job environments as they might need to form strategies to cope with unemployment until they find a job.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 296 using a questionnaire survey approach and analyzed using hierarchical regression to test the hypothesized associations.FindingsThe findings showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience are positive and significantly associated with self-perceived employability. Also, job market appraisal played a momentous role in predicting self-perceived employability both directly and via interaction with conscientiousness and openness to experience.Practical implicationsThe present study is valuable to different stakeholders such as educators, employers and students as it identifies the personality dispositions that should be encouraged among students while also indicating the need for fostering student’s reappraisal of uncertain job markets.Originality/valueThis study presents new evidence on the application of the appraisal theory by indicating the interaction between personality traits and cognitive appraisal. This advances the current theoretical understanding of the mechanism through which personality traits can best explain individual differences in self-perceived employability.
Two-step numerical simulation of the heat transfer from a flat plate to a swirling jet flow from a rotating pipe
Authors: Granados-Ortiz Francisco-Javier , Ortega-Casanova Joaquin , Lai Choi-Hong 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Impinging jets have been widely studied, and the addition of swirl has been found to be beneﬁcial to heat transfer. As there is no literature on Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS) nor experimental data of swirling jet flows generated by a rotating pipe, the purpose of this study is to ﬁll such gap by providing results on the performance of this type of design.

Design/methodology/approach
As the flow has a different behaviour at different parts of the design, the same turbulent model cannot be used for the full domain. To overcome this complexity, the simulation is split into two coupled stages. This is an alternative to use the costly Reynold stress model (RSM) for the rotating pipe simulation and the SST k-ω model for the impingement.

Findings
The addition of swirl by means of a rotating pipe with a swirl intensity ranging from 0 up to 0.5 affects the velocity profiles, but has no remarkable effect on the spreading angle. The heat transfer is increased with respect to a non-swirling flow only at short nozzle-to-plate distances H/D < 6, where H is the distance and D is the diameter of the pipe. For the impinging zone, the highest average heat transfer is achieved at H/D = 5 with swirl intensity S = 0.5. This is the highest swirl studied in this work.

Research limitations/implications
High-fidelity simulations or experimental analysis may provide reliable data for higher swirl intensities, which are not covered in this work.

Practical implications
This two-step approach and the data provided is of interest to other related investigations (e.g. using arrays of jets or other surfaces than flat plates).

Originality/value
This paper is the first of its kind RANS simulation of the heat transfer from a flat plate to a swirling impinging jet flow issuing from a rotating pipe. An extensive study of these computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations has been carried out with the emphasis of splitting the large domain into two parts to facilitate the use of different turbulent models and periodic boundary conditions for the flow confined in the pipe.
Comparative study of conjugate heat transfer in a single-phase flow in wavy and raccoon microchannels
Authors: Tiwari Nishant , Moharana Manoj Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to emphasize on studying various geometrical modification performed in wavy and raccoon microchannel by manipulating parameters, i.e. waviness (γ), expansion factor (α), wall to fluid thermal conductivity ratio (ksf), substrate thickness to channel height ratio (dsf) and Reynolds number (Re) for obtaining optimum parameter(s) that leads to higher heat dissipation rate.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-dimensional solid-fluid conjugate heat transfer numerical model is designed to capture flow characteristics and heat transfer in single-phase laminar flow microchannels. The governing equations are solved using finite volume method.

Findings
The results are presented in terms of average base temperature, average Nusselt number, pressure drop, dimensionless local heat flux, dimensionless wall and bulk fluid temperature, local Nusselt number and performance factor including axial conduction number. Heat dissipation rate with raccoon microchannel configuration is found to be higher compared to straight and wavy microchannel. With waviness of γ = 0.167, and 0.267 in wavy and raccoon microchannel, respectively, performance factor attains maximum value compared to other waviness for all values of Reynolds number. It is also found that the effect of axial wall conduction in wavy and raccoon microchannel is negligible. Additionally, thermal performance of wavy and raccoon microchannel is compared with straight microchannel.

Practical implications
In recent past years, much complex design of microchannel has been proposed for heat transfer enhancement, but the feasibility of available manufacturing techniques to fabricate complex geometries is still questionable. However, fabrication of wavy and raccoon microchannel is easy, and their heat dissipation capability is higher.

Originality/value
This makes the difference in wall and bulk fluid temperature smaller. Thus, present work highlighted the dominance of axial wall conduction on thermal and hydrodynamic performance of wavy and raccoon microchannel under conjugate heat transfer situation.
Determinants of adoption of climate-smart agriculture technologies in rice production in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Nhat Lam Duyen , Rañola, Roberto F. , Ole Sander Bjoern , Reiner Wassmann , Nguyen Dinh Tien , Nong Nguyen Khanh Ngoc 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
In recent years, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) was introduced to Vietnam to enhance farmers’ resilience and adaptation to climate change. Among the climate-smart agricultural technologies (CSATs) introduced were water-saving techniques and improved stress tolerant varieties. This study aims to examine the determinants of farmers’ adoption of these technologies and the effects of their adoption on net rice income (NRI) in three provinces as follows: Thai Binh (North), Ha Tinh (Central) and Bac Lieu (South).

Design/methodology/approach
Determinants of adoption of CSATs and the adoption effects on NRI are analyzed by using a multinomial endogenous switching regression framework.

Findings
The results showed that gender, age, number of family workers, climate-related factors, farm characteristics, distance to markets, access to climate information, confidence on the know-how of extension workers, membership in social/agricultural groups and attitude toward risk were the major factors affecting the decision to adopt CSATs. However, the effects of these factors on the adoption of CSATs varied across three provinces. These technologies when adopted tend to increase NRI but the increase is much greater when these are combined.

Practical implications
It is important to consider first the appropriateness of the CSA packages to the specific conditions of the target areas before they are promoted. It is also necessary to enhance the technical capacity of local extension workers and provide farmers more training on CSATs.

Originality/value
This study is the first attempt to identify key determinants of adoption of CSATs either singly or in combination and the adoption effects on NRI in Vietnam.