bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With High Use of Hospital Psychiatric Services in Málaga, Spain
Authors: Guzmán-Parra José , Bordallo-Aragón Antonio , Moreno-Küstner Berta , Mayoral-Cleries Fermin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The early prediction of patients at risk may facilitate the efficient use of interventions that have been demonstrated to reduce readmissions. The aim of the study was to analyze variables during first admissions associated with further high use of an inpatient hospitalization psychiatric unit in Málaga, Spain. The risk of having three or more psychiatric admissions was analyzed in a sample of 1535 first-time admissions with multivariate Cox regression. In the multivariate model, the variables associated with the risk of high use were age at admission (p < 0.001), length of stay (p < 0.001), place of residence (p < 0.001), and previous history with mental health services (p < 0.001). The results suggest that there are several easily accessible characteristics at first admission that are potentially useful in detecting patients at risk.
The Potential Population-Level Impact of Different Gonorrhea Screening Strategies in Baltimore and San Francisco: An Exploratory Mathematical Modeling Analysis
Authors: Rönn Minttu M. , Testa Christian , Tuite Ashleigh R. , Chesson Harrell W. , Gift Thomas L. , Schumacher Christina , Williford Sarah L. , Zhu Lin , Bellerose Meghan , Earnest Rebecca , Malyuta Yelena , Hsu Katherine K. , Salomon Joshua A. , Menzies Nicolas A. 
Published: December 2019

Background
Baltimore and San Francisco represent high burden areas for gonorrhea in the United States. We explored different gonorrhea screening strategies and their comparative impact in the 2 cities.

Methods
We used a compartmental transmission model of gonorrhea stratified by sex, sexual orientation, age, and race/ethnicity, calibrated to city-level surveillance data for 2010 to 2017. We analyzed the benefits of 5-year interventions which improved retention in care cascade or increased screening from current levels. We also examined a 1-year outreach screening intervention of high-activity populations.

Results
In Baltimore, annual screening of population aged 15 to 24 years was the most efficient of the 5-year interventions with 17.9 additional screening tests (95% credible interval [CrI], 11.8–31.4) needed per infection averted while twice annual screening of the same population averted the most infections (5.4%; 95% CrI, 3.1–8.2%) overall with 25.3 (95% CrI, 19.4–33.4) tests per infection averted. In San Francisco, quarter-annual screening of all men who have sex with men was the most efficient with 16.2 additional (95% CrI, 12.5–44.5) tests needed per infection averted, and it also averted the most infections (10.8%; 95% CrI, 1.2–17.8%). Interventions that reduce loss to follow-up after diagnosis improved outcomes. Depending on the ability of a short-term outreach screening to screen populations at higher acquisition risk, such interventions can offer efficient ways to expand screening coverage.

Conclusions
Data on gonorrhea prevalence distribution and time trends locally would improve the analyses. More focused intervention strategies could increase the impact and efficiency of screening interventions.
Office-based Vergence and Accommodative Therapy for the Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ma Martin Ming-Leung , Kang Ying , Scheiman Mitchell , Chen Xiang 
Published: December 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
This study will help to demonstrate the potential value of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy for the treatment of intermittent exotropia and provide data that can be used for planning future clinical trials.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to evaluate changes in the office control score after office-based vergence/accommodative therapy for intermittent exotropia.

METHODS
This was a prospective, unmasked pilot study. Fourteen Chinese participants aged 6 to 18 years with intermittent exotropia (excluding the convergence insufficiency type) were enrolled. All participants received 60 minutes of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement once per week for 12 weeks. Therapy included vergence, accommodation, saccades and pursuits, antisuppression, and monocular fixation in binocular field techniques. The primary outcome measure was the change in the office control score from the baseline visit to the 13-week outcome visit.

RESULTS
All participants completed the study. The office control score at distance changed by −1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.6 to −0.4; P = .005; Cohen's d effect size, 0.93). The distant Look And Cover, then Ten seconds Observation Scale for Exotropia score and distant Newcastle control score total score changed by −0.7 (95% CI, −1.2 to −0.2; P = .02; Cohen's d effect size, 0.55) and −1.9 (95% CI, −2.8 to −1.0; P < .001; Cohen's d effect size, 1.37), respectively. Although there was no significant change in the angle of distance exodeviation (−1.8 prism diopter [Δ] less exodeviation; 95% CI, −3.74 to 0.14Δ; P = .11), a significant change was observed in the near angle (−4.4Δ less exodeviation; 95% CI, −7.3 to −1.5Δ; P = .01; Cohen's d effect size, 0.79). There was no significant change in stereopsis or the Chinese Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire score.

CONCLUSIONS
In this select group of children with intermittent exotropia, 12 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement resulted in a statistically and clinically significant improvement in the distance control of exodeviation and the near exodeviation magnitude. These results suggest that there is a need for a randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effectiveness of vision therapy as a treatment modality for intermittent exotropia.
Examination Innovation: Transforming the National Board of Examiners in Optometry's Clinical Skills Examination
Authors: Hobbs Brianne Nicole , Bryant Jill 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE
The National Board of Examiners in Optometry recognizes the need for innovation and is creating a multidimensional clinical examination to parallel advancements within optometry. As optometry evolves, so must the assessments which form the path to optometric licensure. The current performance-based Part III, Clinical Skills Examination, is undergoing a transformation to best assess the diversity of knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to practice contemporary optometry. The objectives for the new clinical examination include increasing clinical authenticity, prioritizing the most essential and relevant skills, and emphasizing patient-centered care. This initiative is evidence based and consistent with best practices within the larger assessment community.
Community Health Centers: A Model for Integrating Eye Care Services with the Practice of Primary Care Medicine
Authors: McNamara Nancy A. , Polse Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
Optometry is desperately needed to combat the increasing rate of avoidable visual impairment that goes undiagnosed largely owing to the lack of integration of eye care services with primary care medicine. Government leaders are actively discussing substantive changes to health care legislation that will impact optometrists and their patients. The importance of a regular eye examination for disease prevention has long been undervalued in the setting of primary care. Consequently, many serious and potentially treatable ocular and systemic diseases go undiagnosed. Despite clear indicators that vision impairment increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from chronic systemic disease and decreases quality of life, vision health remains among the greatest unmet health care needs in the United States. To improve vision care services for all Americans, we must focus our attention on two central themes. First, we must educate the public, health care professionals, and policymakers on the importance of routine eye care as a preventive measure in the setting of primary care. Next, we need to recognize that optometrists, through their geographic distribution and advanced training, are in a strategic position to deliver integrated, comprehensive, cost-effective eye care services for individuals most in need. In this perspective, we discuss a model for integrating optometric services with the practice of primary care medicine to facilitate early detection of both eye and systemic disease while reducing serious and preventable health-related consequences.
Current evidence for therapy of ceftriaxone-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia
Authors: Paterson David L. , Henderson Andrew , Harris Patrick N.A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
This article aims to give a state-of-the-art assessment of treatment options for bloodstream infection because of ceftriaxone-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, especially those caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. In particular, this review assesses whether current data support ‘carbapenem-sparing options’ for treatment of these serious infections.

Recent findings
The MERINO trial refuted earlier observational studies some of which showed equivalence in outcomes between beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and carbapenems for treatment of bloodstream infection because of ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli or Klebsiella spp. Although numerous factors influence mortality following bloodstream infection, the variability in piperacillin/tazobactam MICs observed in the MERINO trial make this a less secure option than meropenem. However, the search for carbapenem-sparing options continues with four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in progress and a number of other options in clinical development.

Summary
Hard outcomes from RCTs are still needed before intravenous carbapenems can be displaced as the treatment of choice for ceftriaxone-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
Determining the Spike–Wave Index Using Automated Detection Software
Authors: Reus Elisabeth E. M. , Visser Gerhard H. , Cox Fieke M. E. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
The spike–wave index (SWI) is a key feature in the diagnosis of electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep. Estimating the SWI manually is time-consuming and is subject to interrater and intrarater variability. Use of automated detection software would save time. Thereby, this software will consistently detect a certain EEG phenomenon as epileptiform and is not influenced by human factors. To determine noninferiority in calculating the SWI, we compared the performance of a commercially available spike detection algorithm (P13 software, Persyst Development Corporation, San Diego, CA) with human expert consensus.

Methods:
The authors identified all prolonged EEG recordings for the diagnosis or follow-up of electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep carried out from January to December 2018 at an epilepsy tertiary referral center. The SWI during the first 10 minutes of sleep was estimated by consensus of two human experts. This was compared with the SWI calculated by the automated spike detection algorithm using the three available sensitivity settings: “low,” “medium,” and “high.” In the software, these sensitivity settings are denoted as perception values.

Results:
Forty-eight EEG recordings from 44 individuals were analyzed. The SWIs estimated by human experts did not differ from the SWIs calculated by the automated spike detection algorithm in the “low” perception mode (P = 0.67). The SWIs calculated in the “medium” and “high” perception settings were, however, significantly higher than the human expert estimated SWIs (both P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Automated spike detection (P13) is a useful tool in determining SWI, especially when using the “low” sensitivity setting. Using such automated detection tools may save time, especially when reviewing larger epochs.
Evaluating the efficacy of enzalutamide and the development of resistance in a preclinical mouse model of type-I endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Koivisto Christopher S. , Parrish Melodie , Bonala Santosh B. , Ngoi Soo , Torres Adrian , Gallagher James , Sanchez-Hodge Rebekah , Zeinner Victor , Nahhas Georges J. , Liu Bei , Cohn David E. , Backes Floor J. , Goodfellow Paul J. , Chamberlin Helen M. , Leone Gustavo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAndrogen Receptor (AR) signaling is a critical driver of hormone-dependent prostate cancer and has also been proposed to have biological activity in female hormone-dependent cancers, including type I endometrial carcinoma (EMC). In this study, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of a third-generation AR antagonist, enzalutamide, in a genetic mouse model of EMC,Sprr2f-Cre;Ptenfl/fl. In this model, ablation ofPtenin the uterine epithelium leads to localized and distant malignant disease as observed in human EMC. We hypothesized that administering enzalutamide through the diet would temporarily decrease the incidence of invasive and metastatic carcinoma, while prolonged administration would result in development of resistance and loss of efficacy. Short-term treatment with enzalutamide reduced overall tumor burden through increased apoptosis but failed to prevent progression of invasive and metastatic disease. These results suggest that AR signaling may have biphasic, oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in EMC that are dependent on disease stage. Enzalutamide treatment increased Progesterone Receptor (PR) expression within both stromal and tumor cell compartments. Prolonged administration of enzalutamide decreased apoptosis, increased tumor burden and resulted in the clonal expansion of tumor cells expressing high levels of p53 protein, suggestive of acquiredTrp53mutations. In conclusion, we show that enzalutamide induces apoptosis in EMC but has limited efficacy overall as a single agent. Induction of PR, a negative regulator of endometrial proliferation, suggests that adding progestin therapy to enzalutamide administration may further decrease tumor burden and result in a prolonged response.
Identification of 20 novel loci associated to ischemic stroke. Epigenome-Wide Association Study
Authors: Soriano-Tárraga Carolina , Lazcano Uxue , Giralt-Steinhauer Eva , Avellaneda-Gómez Carla , Ois Ángel , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Gomez-Gonzalez Alejandra , Fernández-Sanlés Alba , Elosua Roberto , Fernández-Cadenas Israel , Cullell Natalia , Montaner Joan , Moran Sebastian , Esteller Manel , Jiménez-Conde Jordi , Roquer Jaume 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTRationaleDNA methylation is dynamic, varies throughout the life course, and its levels are influenced by lifestyle and environmental factors, as well as by genetic variation. The leading genetic variants at stroke risk loci identified to date explain roughly 1–2% of stroke heritability. Most of these single nucleotide polymorphisms are situated within a regulatory sequence marked by DNase I hypersensitivity sites, which would indicate involvement of an epigenetic mechanism.ObjectiveTo detect epigenetic variants associated to stroke occurrence and stroke subtypes.Methods and ResultsA two-stage case-control epigenome-wide association study was designed. The discovery sample with 401 samples included 218 ischemic stroke (IS) patients, assessed at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain) and 183 controls from the REGICOR cohort. In two independent samples (N=226 and N=166), we replicated 22 CpG sites differentially methylated in IS in 21 loci, including 2 CpGs in locusZFHX3, which includes known genetic variants associated with stroke. The pathways associated to these loci are inflammation and angiogenesis. The meta-analysis identified 384 differentially methylated CpGs, including loci of known stroke and vascular risk genetic variants, enriched by loci involved in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, circadian clock, and glycolysis pathways. Stratification analysis by stroke subtypes revealed distinct methylation patterns.ConclusionsWe identified a set of 22 CpGs in 21 loci associated with IS. Our analysis suggests that DNA methylation changes may contribute to orchestrating gene expression that contributes to IS.
Influence of age and gender on taste function of healthy subjects
Authors: Wang Jing-Jie , Liang Kai-Li , Lin Wen-Jiun , Chen Chih-Yi , Jiang Rong-San 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the influences of age and gender on the taste functions of healthy Taiwanese.MethodsWe evaluated taste functions of healthy Taiwanese using the whole mouth suprathreshold taste test, along with the taste quad test. In the whole-mouth test, we applied in a counterbalanced order sweet, sour, salty, and bitter solutions, each at 5 different suprathreshold concentrations to subjects, who were instructed to sip and swish in mouth twice. Each subject had to indicate the taste quality, and to rate the intensity and unpleasantness/pleasantness of each taste of the solutions. In the quad test, the 4 quadrants of the tongue surface were tested by dripping one concentration of sweet, sour, salty, or bitter solutions for 6 times. Subjects then indicated the taste quality, and rated the intensity of the solution.ResultsSubjects were divided into groups based on their gender and age: 20-39 years, 40-59 years, or ≥ 60 years. We found that in the whole mouth taste test, the total correct identification score dropped with age. But identifying sweet and salty qualities was not affected by age. No differences were found between male and female, except women scored better than men for sweet quality in the age group of 40-59 years. The total correct identification score of the taste quad test also decreased with an increased age of the taste quad test, without gender differences.ConclusionBoth age and gender affected the taste functions in healthy Taiwanese to some extent, and differences were dependent on age, tongue region, and taste quality.
Landscape structured by physical settings and benthic polychaete and avifauna habitat uses in a mangrove-vegetated estuary
Authors: Shih Shang-Shu , Ding Tzung-Su , Chen Chang-Po , Huang Shou-Chung , Hsieh Hwey-Lian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMangrove expansion monopolizes estuarine landscapes by diminishing habitat diversity and hence biodiversity. Physical landcover types, including mangrove vegetation, influence polychaete and avifauna habitat uses. The connections between the physical to biota-associated landscapes warrant investigation. We determine how to best describe the landscape in a mangrove-vegetated wetland according to the physical, polychaete and bird domains and identify what physical attributes would affect the biota-associated landscapes. Differences among the physical and biota-associated landscapes were evaluated using multivariate ordination analyses. Six physical landcover types were aligned along elevation, inundation and sedimentary gradients. The polychaete-associated landscape was structured by three landcover types, mainly mangroves and tidal flats with intermediate and high inundation. Deposit-feeding spionid and nereid, carnivorous goniadid and suspension-feeding sabellid polychaetes depended on the different landcover types. Shorebirds occurred distinctively in tidal flats with large, open surface areas. Egrets characterized tidal flats and mangroves, and foliage and ground gleaners characterized mangroves. Open tidal flats are crucial to polychaetes, which are the main prey of shorebirds and are also important to egret foraging. Our results suggest that effective management strategies for conserving these migratory birds require the maintenance of open tidal flats in the landscape.
Live cell imaging and analysis reveal cell phenotypic transition dynamics inherently missing in snapshot data
Authors: Wang Weikang , Douglas Diana , Zhang Jingyu , Chen Yi-Jiun , Cheng Ya-Yun , Kumari Sangeeta , Enuameh Metewo Selase , Dai Yan , Wallace Callen T. , Watkins Simon C. , Shu Weiguo , Xing Jianhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent advances in single-cell techniques catalyze an emerging field of studying how cells convert from one phenotype to another, in a step-by-step process. Two grand technical challenges, however, impede further development of the field. Fixed cell-based approaches can provide genome-wide snapshots of cell status but have fundamental limits on revealing temporal information, and fluorescence-based live cell imaging approaches provide temporal information but are technically challenging for multiplex long-term imaging. We first developed a live-cell imaging platform that tracks cellular status change through combining endogenous fluorescent labeling that minimizes perturbation to cell physiology, and/or live cell imaging of high-dimensional cell morphological and texture features. With our platform and an A549 VIM-RFP EMT reporter line, live cell trajectories reveal parallel paths of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition missing from snapshot data due to cell-cell heterogeneity. Our results emphasize the necessity of extracting dynamical information of phenotypic transitions from multiplex live cell imaging.
Integration of immunome with disease-gene network reveals common cellular mechanisms between IMIDs and drug repurposing strategies
Authors: Devaprasad Abhinandan , Radstake Timothy RDJ , Pandit Aridaman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveDevelopment and progression of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) involve intricate dysregulation of the disease associated genes (DAGs) and their expressing immune cells. Due to the complex molecular mechanism, identifying the top disease associated cells (DACs) in IMIDs has been challenging. Here, we aim to identify the top DACs and DAGs to help understand the cellular mechanism involved in IMIDs and further explore therapeutic strategies.MethodUsing transcriptome profiles of 40 different immune cells, unsupervised machine learning, and disease-gene networks, we constructed the Disease-gene IMmune cell Expression (DIME) network, and identified top DACs and DAGs of 12 phenotypically different IMIDs. We compared the DIME networks of IMIDs to identify common pathways between them. We used the common pathways and publicly available drug-gene network to identify promising drug repurposing targets.ResultWe found CD4+Treg, CD4+Th1, and NK cells as top DACs in the inflammatory arthritis such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); neutrophils, granulocytes and BDCA1+CD14+cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic scleroderma; ILC2, CD4+Th1, CD4+Treg, and NK cells in the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We identified lymphoid cells (CD4+Th1, CD4+Treg, and NK) and their associated pathways to be important in HLA-B27 type diseases (psoriasis, AS, and IBDs) and in primary-joint-inflammation-based inflammatory arthritis (AS and RA). Based on the common cellular mechanisms, we identified lifitegrast as potential drug repurposing candidate for Crohn’s disease, and other IMIDs.ConclusionOur method identified top DACs, DAGs, common pathways, and proposed potential drug repurposing targets between IMIDs. To extend our method to other diseases, we built the DIME tool. Thus paving way for future (pre-)clinical research.