bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early assessment of health impact of the population-based tobacco control interventions in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen T D , Oh J K , Hoang V M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Through the period from 2013 until now, Vietnam has achieved progress in tobacco control following the implementation of MPOWER in 2008 and the enactment of the comprehensive Law on Prevention and Control of Tobacco Harms in 2012. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of 6 population-based interventions including health promotion & education program; smoke-free models; cessation program; graphic health warning on cigarette package; bans on advertising/ promotion/ sponsoring; raising tobacco tax.

Methods
An Excel-based Markov model was adopted based on the previous studies of HV Minh et al 2018 and Ngalesoni et al 2017. We estimated the potential health gain on Vietnamese population by using the empirical data on tobacco epidemic in Vietnam together with the reviewed intervention effects from the literature. Due to the rapid decline of risk of cardiovascular disease after the smoking behavior changed, the short-run heath impacts were mainly estimated based on the change of smoking-related health burden of cardiovascular diseases.

Results
All six population-based interventions on tobacco control that have implemented were considered to be highly cost-effective ranged from 1,405 VND - 135,560 VND per DALYs averted compared to the WHO recommended threshold at 1 GDP per capita. Raising tobacco tax was projected to the most cost-effective intervention due to its significant health gains and potential to work on in the long run. Besides, smoke-free model, as the best intervention on individual behavior change, should be continue invested together with campaigns on raising awareness.

Conclusions
The study results shown the potential health impact in tobacco control in Vietnam after 10 years' implementation of MPOWER. Also, the findings provided a strong message that more attention should be paid to developing the national tobacco control strategy in the next phase to make the best use of available resources.

Key messages
Adequate attention should be equally paid for both political interventions and individual behavior – aimed interventions (communication, cessation…) in the fight against tobacco harms. Aside from raising tobacco tax, further investigations and investments on cessation services as well as smoking bans in public places are needed in Vietnam to achieve the best compliance on MPOWER.
Knowledge translation: a case study in a public health network in Manguinhos, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Miranda E , Figueiró A C , Potvin L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This paper presents a post hoc analysis of knowledge translation (KT) actions and strategies implemented by three projects in a sociotechnical network, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In order to assess the actions and practices of knowledge producers (mostly researchers) and knowledge users (residents of Manguinhos) we applied the KT model developed by the Québec Public Health Institute.

Methods
This case study relied mainly on document analysis (texts produced by the network coordination, meeting minutes and reports, management reports and promotional material), interviews with knowledge producers (N = 10), and focus group with knowledge users (4 participants). Framework analysis was applied to provide clear steps to follow and structured outputs of summarized data. A content analysis of this material used categories such as: project development; KT products elaboration; and interaction between knowledge producers and users. Data were coded based on the KT model to understand whether and how the eight dimensions were implemented.

Results
The findings reveal that, albeit there were differences among the three cases, the KT dimensions related to the co-construction of knowledge, what to be translated, and how to translate were more extensively implemented. Even though KT was a new concept for most knowledge producers, all three cases had previous practical experience on how to disseminate knowledge in the Territory of Manguinhos. However, dimensions related to KT evaluation and resources were less frequently implemented.

Conclusions
More attention must be paid to the dimensions involving the feasibility, resources and evaluation of projects. Creating research organizations working together in the KT process with support, infrastructure, theoretical and methodological competences about KT may facilitate the integration of these dimensions.

Key messages
Through our study, we provide more evidence and progress about how the KT process can be improved in low- and middle-income countries, such as Brazil. We display an overview of the challenges that public health researchers in Brazil have in applying KT strategies to improve the public health care.
Safer prescribing for older patients: Preliminary findings from a large project in Canada
Authors: Greiver M , Wang J , O'Brien P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Polypharmacy is common and deleterious for elders. We devised a QI-research collaboration, Structured Process Informed by Data, Evidence and Research (SPIDER) aimed at improving medication appropriateness for complex older patients.

Methods
Single-arm mixed methods feasibility study followed by a 2-arm (Intervention vs Usual Care) pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting: seven Practice-Based Research Networks across Canada. Participants: Seven practices (each with two physicians) per arm per region will be recruited. patients 65+ years taking 10+ different medications identified by participating physicians' EMR. Intervention: three key elements: 1) Practice teams participating in QI Learning Collaboratives; 2) Support of coaching/practice facilitation; and 3) validated EMR data for feedback. Main Outcome Measures: Reduction of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) measured using EMR data.

Results
Thirty-three physicians from ten family health teams/practices and one nurse practitioner and three family physicians from a community health centre in Toronto were recruited. All teams have accessed coaching support, reflecting high engagement. Teams were given flexibility in developing deprescription strategies and action plans that fit for the local context. Review and validation of patient cohort identified by the EMR were time-consuming for some, depending on the size of the cohort and the patterns practices have been using to capture medication information in their EMR. Engaging pharmacists in the medication review and deprescription process greatly alleviated the burdens on the physicians.

Conclusions
SPIDER appeared to be feasible and has the potential to enhance safer prescription for complex older patients. A flexible and contextually adaptable design helped with increased uptake. Having access to embedded QI and data support and working with collaborating pharmacists may enhance the sustainability of the approach.

Key messages
A QI-Research collaboration to improve care for complex elders is feasible. If the RCT shows improvement, this may provide an argument for QI support in primary care.
Community-based health agents practices in Burkina Faso
Authors: Lapierre J , Aboulhouda I , Gaudreault-Belley M , Ramdé J , Coté A , Bationo F , Dabal M , Beogo I , Traore L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
It is estimated that around 25% of the world's infant mortality is in West Africa where undernutrition accounts for more than 50% of the underlying causes of under-5 mortality. Malnutrition rates have decreased slightly, especially compared to the targets set for 2025. Since Alma-Ata's declaration in 1978, community participation in primary health care has been one way of reducing health inequalities. WHO recommended the integration of community health workers (CHW) into the health system and their inclusion in the human resources planning strategy. We observed a decline of programs involving CHW in the 1990s, then a definite revaluation since the 1990s and specifically, since 2012. They provide health education, as well as referral for a range of services, and provide support and assistance to communities and families through preventive health, easier access to curative health services as well as social services. The specific objectives of this project include: to describe the roles and functions of CHW in Burkina Faso, to identify the workers' needs, to explore the changes in the system and to identify the conditions related to their deployment.

Methods
A qualitative case study allowed to describe the processes and also facilitated the discovery of key elements related to the experiences of community agents, considering the elements of complexity and context.

Results
Our results include activities in promotional services, preventive services, curative services and health data management. In addition, we will shed light on their feelings and experiences related to integration into the system, on the strategies they use, on the advantages that bring their role as community workers, their concerns and finally, we will share their perception of their impact. Some recommendations are proposed in regards to training and supervision.

Key messages
CHW are major players in health systems by creating a bridge between health and social service providers and communities with reduced access. CHW contributes to social justice by facilitating access, promoting recognition and creating empowering processes through increased participation.
Health Promotion Strategies in Georgia
Authors: Antia N , Tabidze D , Gabunia L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The main burden of global morbidity comes from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). As recent data shows, almost 97% of mortality is caused by NCDs in Georgia. According to the WHO, Georgia has one of the highest smoking prevalence in Europe. Effective health promotion strategies are crucial to prevent chronic diseases and to improve health education. The main aim of this scoping review was to analyse the literature on health promotion strategies in Georgia, as well as to provide an overview of current initiatives and activities.

Methods
Medline and PubMed databases, as well as official government documents and grey literature where used to identify relevant literature. We finalised search by September 2019.

Results
Our study showed that the Formation of Health Care sector started in 1995 and since then, health promotion has been an important component of Public Health in the country. Moreover, four out of eight main goals of the 'Millennium Development Goals in Georgia' address health issues. Implementation of state programs and public health measures in the field of public health remains a main priority for the 'National Center for Disease Control and Public Health' (NCDC). Working areas of the center include development of health promotion, disease prevention strategies and programs. Currently, the NCDC is implementing nine state programs with this regard. However, our analyses showed that improvement of population's health is a complex process and requires coordinated actions by involving the following sectors: government, health, social and economic, NGOs, local municipalities, media and industrial sectors, health researchers and civil society.

Conclusions
Our study clearly demonstrates that health promotion strategies are essential for the improvement of nation's general health and welfare. However, increasing tendency of NCDs in the country requires the strengthening of existing programs as well as developing and implementing new strategies.

Key messages
The health promotion strategy, with its multi-component and multilateral nature, has the greatest potential to improve public health in Georgia. Strategies are particularly effective when it is strengthened by other actions, including partnership, community and intersectional involvement in decision-making.
Reliability and Validity of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale in Children
Authors: Öcal E E , Önsüz M F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Improving healthy behaviour from childhood could be beneficial both children and families and communities. The aim of the study was to develop the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviours Scale (HLBS) to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviours of primary school students.

Methods
This methodological study carried out in 521 primary school 4th grade students in two eco-schools in the 2019-2020 academic year. By using literature 120 questions was collected including nutrition, physical activity, hygiene, sleep, environmental cleaning, health responsibility and addiction sub-dimensions. After taking expert opinions, a scale that consists of 54 questions and scored as I agree:3, undecided:2, I disagree:1 and was created named HLBS. In order to evaluate the reliability of the scale, item total score correlation and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) analyzes and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used for construct validity.

Results
Of the 52.8% students were male and their age ranges from 8-11, the mean was 9.5±0.5. After the scale development study, the scale consisted of 53 items and 7 sub-dimensions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of nutrition, physical activity, hygiene, sleep, environmental cleaning, health responsibility and addiction sub-dimensions were 0.87, 0.68, 0.85, 0.52, 0.76, 0.85 and 0.76, respectively. The variances of sub-dimensions in the scale ranged from 30.17% to 67.87%. The fit of scale and the fit index were found to be acceptable after confirmatory factor analysis. In the last form of the scale, the score that can be taken from scale range 53-159. It was accepted that by increasing of the score, healthy lifetsyles behaviours were increased. The mean score of the students was 141.39±16.21 and the median was 145.0.

Conclusions
HLBS was found to be a valid-reliable tool for assesing healthy lifestyle behaviours in primary school students.

Key messages
Health promotion is an issue that needs to be addressed from school age for developing healthy lifestyle behaviours. In the literature, HLBS seems the first scale about healthy lifestyle behaviours for children and needs to be tested in large groups of children.
Sub-national structures matter when evaluating physical activity promotion: Lessons from Germany
Authors: Forberger S , Gelius P , Messing S , Volf K , Kelly L , Taylor S , Zukowska J , Lakerveld J , Woods C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Public policies are increasingly acknowledged as important part of promoting physical activity (PA). However, especially in states with sub-national administrative structures such as Germany, national and sub-national approaches differ considerably. In Germany, sport for all (SfA) promotion is mostly organized at sub-national level, which is usually not covered in national evaluations. Knowledge of these structures helps to understand national outcomes, enables comparisons and learning within and between countries, and assists in identifying support structures for effective PA promotion.

Methods
Data were collected in the PEN Policy Evaluation Network project. In addition to the WHO HEPA PAT, a questionnaire was sent to the sports representatives of the 16 federal states. Responses of 11 state representatives were included and overarching issues were identified using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
PA promotion in Germany is organized in three areas: SfA, professional sports and school sports. SfA promotion at sub-national level is assigned to different administrative bodies (ministries, senate administration, state chancellery) and policy areas: culture, health and care, home affairs with various aspects, education, social affairs and family. The priorities of the federal states are more diverse and specific compared to the national level. There is an overlap in the topics: urban planning, cycling, health prevention and targeting children. Cooperation mechanisms and partners vary between federal states, but some partners are active at sub-national and national level.

Conclusions
The results provide an insight into the complexity of PA and especially SfA promotion at sub-national level in Germany. Our results suggest that a broader range of approaches is used in the 16 German states than national overviews would suggest. These particularities must be taken into account when assessing and comparing the results from different countries.

Key messages
The promotion of SfA at German sub-national level is much more diverse than represented at national level evaluations. Knowledge of sub-national structures enables the understanding of national outcomes, the promotion of cross-national learning and the identification of supportive structures for effective PA promotion.
Falling short of a culture of health: Planning alcohol-permitted events at a U.S. university
Authors: Nieri T , Webb M , Goodwin D , Yoo M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Healthy Campus movement in the United States aims to infuse health promotion into higher education operations. We examined the extent to which event planners employ a culture-of-health approach related to alcohol consumption when planning alcohol-permitted events in a large, public university in California. We interviewed 31 event planners to assess their strategies for ensuring health and safety at the events and accommodating people in recovery from substance use disorders. We focused on events that involved faculty, staff, and graduate students. Event planners were most concerned about avoiding legal liabilities at the events, were less concerned about promoting responsible drinking among drinkers, and often failed to consider the needs of non-drinkers at the events. Their actions were informed by problematic beliefs about alcohol (e.g., people need alcohol to relax), drinkers (e.g., only undergraduate students engage in risky consumption), and people in recovery (e.g., they lack self-control). Planners over-relied on informal control to shape attendees' behavior, failing to acknowledge how contextual factors can shape individual behavior. Planners need to be educated about how to shape the event context to promote healthy behaviors, avoid exclusively focusing on preventing unhealthy behaviors and informal control, and promote better inclusion of people who don't drink.

Key messages
There is fertile ground for infusing a culture of health into events in higher education. Event planners need expanded perspectives that consider context, inclusivity, and health promotion.
Barriers and facilitators to implement community outreach work and collaboration with partners
Authors: Roy M , Lavoie-Trudeau É , Benlkhalti M , Couturier Y , Lane J , Clapperton I , Roy M A , Bibeau L , Ouellette M , Camden C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Community outreach workers support individuals to access health and community services through various form of proximity approaches. Even though community outreach work is present in the province of Quebec (Canada) since the past 40 years, it is still difficult to implement and sustained, especially with families with young children. The aim of this study was to document barriers and facilitators to implement community outreach work, and to describe how such workers collaborate with sectoral (e.g. healthcare) and intersectoral (e.g. municipality, community organizations, schools) partners.

Methods
A content analysis was performed on 55 scientific and grey literature documents, and on the transcriptions of 24 individual interviews and 3 focus groups with stakeholders including parents, community outreach workers, healthcare employees, and inter-sectoral partners.

Results
This study reveals four categories of barriers and facilitators acting on the implementation of community outreach work: factors related to organizational factors, to the nature of community outreach work, to the intervention with families, and external/uncontrollable factors. With regards to collaboration, community outreach workers collaborate with many partners. Good interprofessional collaboration is achieved with a positive interaction and communication, shared or co-constructed activities for the families, co-intervention with the families, and strategies to be known and intersectoral meetings.

Conclusions
Results highlighted that many factors interact and can either influence positively or negatively the opportunity to implement community outreach work. The collaborative practices identified might help maximizing facilitators and overcoming barriers. Advocacy and a better understanding of how to integrate community outreach work within health services while maintaining the workers' flexibility are needed to sustain this practice.

Key messages
Advocacy and a better understanding of how to integrate community outreach work within health services while maintaining the workers’ flexibility are needed to sustain this practice. Community outreach workers help to reduce inequalities in health.
A multidimensional approach to improve migrants’ health in the new context of living
Authors: Banzola S , Clemente G , Frignani P , Bisceglia G , Ferrara R , Nunez I , Buci B , Taila K , Bandello M A , Berghenti F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Quantitative data analysis performed by the multidisciplinary team in a Primary Care setting, addressing migrants' health in Parma, showed poor adherence and lower completion rate of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) treatment among 2701 refugees and asylum seekers, registered from 2013 to 2018. Soon afterwards, qualitative data analysis revealed that health operators, intercultural mediators and operators working for no-profit-organizations (NGOs) did not share the same approach towards LTBI care cascade. Different knowledge about patient engagement, Health Literacy (HL) interventions, disagreement about the objectives and motivation to screening and treatment of LTBI, could be the consequence of an ineffective communication and not well-structured cooperation between health operators, private sectors and other stakeholders.

Objectives
In order to enhance migrants' capability for self-care management of LTBI, the multidisciplinary team plans seven meetings with intercultural mediators and operators working for NGOs, from March to June, within the I.C.A.R.E European Project. The interactive meetings aim at improving knowledge about Tuberculosis (TB) and LTBI, awareness about the relationship between self-decision making and health outcomes, motivation to patient engagement and finally at identifying culturally competent and HL oriented strategies.

Results
It is expected a structured, evidence-based approach, according to national guidelines, enabling newly arrived immigrants to improve self-care management of health and LTBI. Indicators, outcomes, challenges managed within the participatory meetings will be presented at the conference.

Conclusions
A co-construction of a multidimensional approach, supporting individual capacity building to improve self-care management of LTBI among newly arrived immigrants, could be an effective strategy for patient engagement and health promotion.

Key messages
Newly arrived immigrants’ health is not only a matter of individual capability but also of a multifactorial approach, actively involving stakeholders from the public, private and no-profit sectors. This multidimensional cooperation to improve migrants’ health considers HL as a fundamental factor, supporting individual engagement and decreasing in fear about TB.