bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Water Mixing Temperature on Concrete Compressive Strength Containing Different Ratios of Silica Fume
Authors: Naser Maryam H. , Naser Fatimah H. , Almamoori Ali Hameed Naser 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental study about the effect of water mixing temperature on concrete compressive strength containing different ratios of silica fume by compressive testing of 108 cubes of (150 × 150 × 150) mm dimensions. The parameters were studied; temperature of water mixing, ratio of silica fume and age of test. The specimens were divided into four groups having different temperature of mixing water (20, 40, 60, and 80)° C, each group consisting of three set with different ratio of silica fume (0%, 10%, and 20%), each set having nine cubes tested in a different age (7, 14, and 28 days). In fresh state, the results showed that different water temperatures give different values of slump when the percentage of silica fume is constant, where the slump value decrease by about (2-4) mm for each 20° C increase in temperature. Also, the slump of the concrete decrease about (5-10) mm at each replace 10% from weight of cement by silica fume. In hardened state, the greatest increase in compressive strength obtained at 40° C by about (20-30) % in compared with 20° C and then began to drop slightly at 60° C, but at a temperature of 80° C observed a great decrease in compressive strength. It is also found that as advanced the age of test, compression strength increases but rate of increase fall at high of temperatures due to early curing causing by high temperature of hydration. it was observed in this study when the water temperature increased above 60° C, the presence of SF resulted to decreasing in the concrete strength.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Over a Bank of Circular Tubes Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluids: CFD Simulation
Authors: Kamel Mohammed Saad , Najm Sherwan Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the present work, the influence of the basefluids and nanoparticle types on the fluid flow and the heat transfer behavior were studied. Numerical investigation has been done over a bank of tubes heat exchanger in a triangular arrangement. Turbulent forced convection of Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles-based water and glycerin nanofluids was predicted, spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 30 nm and a volume fraction of 3% were assumed in this simulation. Commercial software so called Ansys fluent used as a computational fluid dynamics code to solve steady (2-D) Navier-Stokes and energy equations adopting finite volume techniques. The k-ε model was used to modelling the effect of turbulent. The obtained results demonstrated that the heat transfer for SiO2 nanoparticles based deionized water nanofluids was higher than the other types of nanofluids, which means that this working fluid could be promising cooling liquid in many heat exchange systems. The friction coefficient for all nanofluids reduced with increasing Reynolds number for all tubes. Furthermore, the results showed that the heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing the Reynolds number in all nanofluids with constant volume concentration and nanoparticles size.
Performance of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) At Transportation Planning Model
Authors: Naser Ishraq Hameed , Mahdi Alaa Muhssin , jasim yousif hashim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in modeling trip production, which represent the first stage at transportation planning. The study analyzed the performance of ANN based on data that collected for central business district (CBD) of the city of Nasiriyah by calculating the all trips (y) that produced from this sector. As results, The ANN model gave a high performance comparative with Statistical Techniques in predicting trips. The coefficient of determination R2 for the number of all trips (y) is (0.948 ) and (0.871) for ANN and Statistical Techniques approaches respectively which is considered as an acceptable relationship obtained; also the ANN prediction model is more accurate for prediction process.
Codigestion of Food Waste with Used Lipids as Substrate Material to Produce Biogas
Authors: Ahmed Ghaidaa M. , Hussien Fawziea M. , Hamad Ahmed J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of food wastes process is represents an active technique to enhance the production of biogas as one of the clean energy sources. The effects of adding lipids as substrate material to the food waste mixture for producing biogas by anaerobic co-digestion are experimentally investigated and evaluated at various mixing ratios in the present work. The influence of lipids and food waste (potatoes, tomato, Carrots, Cellulose) mixing ratios, digestion time and other factors on production of the biogas and CH4, CO2 and H2S percent are investigated experimentally. Seven samples of substrate mixtures (used edible oil, waste food, cow dung and water) with various mixing ratios were tested during 32 days as digestion period to investigate the influence of lipids percent compared to food waste on biogas yield. The results show that, average biogas production was in range of 100-160 ml per day and the maximum percent of Ch4 and CO2 were 52% and 46% respectively for the produced biogas. Increasing the lipids percent in the substrates mixture could enhanced the biogas and CH4 production. The mixing sample containing 70% lipids and 30% food waste percent was produced significantly higher biogas and CH4 yields compared to the other mixing samples. Best digestion time of the food waste-lipid mixtures was observed in range of 12-16 days for the tested samples. The maximum cumulative biogas was 5120 ml which was produced by substrate mixture (70% lipid and 30% solid waste) during digestion time 32 days.
Study of Two Layers Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger Performance Under a Different Operation Mode
Authors: Omran Harith Essa , Hussain Tahseen Ali , Hachim Dhafer Manea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the thermal performance of two-layer horizontal ground heat exchanger at various mass flow rates of water in cooling mode of alternating and continuous operations. Multi-layer composite pipe (MLC) was chosen as the ground heat exchanger tube material. Effects of mass flow rate variation and mode of operations on ground heat exchanger (GHE) performance are discussed. For this purpose, two-layer experimental GHE was fabricated. In alternative operation mode, heat exchange rate was always higher than continues operation mode in GHE. The outcomes achieved from this experimental investigation are utilized to measure the COP of the GHEs. The experimental results showed that the COP values at the alternating operation mode and after six hrs of operation period were ranged from 2.48 at 0.5 ℓ/min to 8.17 at 3 ℓ/min. While in continuous mode, the COP values ranged from 2.28 at 0.5 ℓ/min to 7.37 at 3 ℓ/min. The results also revealed that the GHEs can be used in cooling applications as ground source heat pump system in Iraq that is considered as a hot weather country.
Combined Vacuum Sensor For Measuring the Density and Composition of the Ionosphere
Authors: Mohammed Al Kadhimi Ali Noori 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A design of an electron-ion trap for a sensor of the density and composition of the upper atmosphere (ionosphere), intended for placement on nanosatellites, is proposed. It allows you to capture charged particles of any energy and direction of their speed, dividing them by the sign of charge and energy. This ensures the correct operation of the vacuum gauge Converter of this sensor and the ability to register the density of charged particle flows, dividing them by sign and energy. The calculation of the maximum energy captured by the upper system of the trap electrodes and the estimation of the values of the trap currents in the required range of heights was performed. High-energy particles that pass through the upper system of electrodes are captured by the lower system of electrodes.
Self-Powered 6LoWPAN Sensor Node for Green IoT Edge Devices
Authors: Al-Kaseem Bilal R. , Ahmed Anas F. , Abdullah Aws M. , Azouz Tariq Z. , Al-Majidi Sadeq D. , Al-Raweshidy Hamed S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a simulation model and practical testbed for green Internet of Things (IoT) edge devices are proposed based on solar harvester with constant voltage-maximum power point tracking (CV-MPPT) technique. Billions of connected edge devices represent the essential part of the IoT through the IP-enabled sensor networks based on IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN). In traditional IoT edge devices, the stored energy in the non-rechargeable battery determines the node lifetime while it is being depleted with time. Therefore, purchasing billions of such batteries is costly and must be disposed of efficiently. This paper is aimed at simulating and implementing a new class of green IoT edge devices that can report data wirelessly and powered perpetually using clean energy. The developed edge device utilizes solar energy harvesting mechanism through photovoltaic (PV) module, this approach will avoid periodical battery replacement and hence, the energy supplied to the sensor mode is not limited anymore. The implemented testbed is based on open-source hardware and software platforms while the simulation environment is based on MATLAB/SIMULINK 2019a. The effects of temperature and solar irradiance on the performance of the developed approach are examined in order to confirm the leverage of the proposed methodology scheme. The lifetime of the developed green IoT device is predicted based on the device’s activities, current consumption, and energy storage capacity. The obtained results showed that the battery lifetime is extended by 38-49% when the edge device runs on an independent power source.
IoT-Based Monitoring and Management Power Sub-Station of the University of Mosul
Authors: Mohammed Emad A. , Al-Allaf Ahamad F. , Altamer Bilal R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Managing power plants usually involves monitoring many data and parameters that occur within minutes, hours, or days. Nowadays, a mount of digital data can be exchanged, analyzed and easily accessed through modern technology called the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, an IoT (using Wi-Fi development kit called Photon) is used to remote control and monitor the performance of the University of Mosul power plant. This includes monitoring the Power Factor, supplied voltage and total load current of each sub-station within the university area. The system also applies a safety feature to completely close the power plant in the event of a serious condition such as a fire. ThingSpeak is used in this paper as an IoT analytics platform service which lets the programmers collect, visualize and analyze incoming data streams to the cloud. The collected data is sent to the ThingSpeak by the Photon devices, create instant visualization of live data related to the monitored station, and send the required alerts. The engineers responsible for the station can monitor the progress of the work of the station through any connected device - a computer or a smartphone - from anywhere in the world and even reprogram the system during operation, if necessary.
Variations Size Investigation in Vegetation and Surface Water Body for Central Part of Iraq using Satellite Imagery Bands
Authors: Abbas Malik R. , Hason Mahir Mahmod , Ahmad Baharin Bin , Rasib Abd Wahid Bin , Abbas Talib R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The variations in vegetation and surface water body sizes play a huge role in the central region of Iraq, which includes three lakes: Al-Tharthar, Al Habbaniyah and Al-Razzaza Lakes. Several temporal satellite images Landsat TM (1990, 2000 and 2007), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and supervised classification technique were utilized. The current research herein aims to investigate, evaluate and map the changes of vegetation and surface water bodies throughout the period of time for the study area, to know and explain the influential factors for these environmental changes. The final results would help the authorities for assessment and environmental management. The results showed a significant gap in the environmental variations in the study area from 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2007. The period from 1990 to 2000 showed the highest vegetation cover difference. The year 2007 showed the highest vegetation re-growth. The total water surface area of the three lakes decreased for the years 1990, 2000 and 2007. The surface water area percentages of all three lakes in August of 1990, 2000 and 2007 were about 10.6%, 2.5% and 7.6% respectively. The highest water surface area was in 1990.
Study of the effect adding the polypropylene fibers and chemical additives on the behavior of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Al-Mwanes Ammar Oudah. , Aghayari Reza 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC)is an improved best of types of concrete containing fibers randomly distributed inside it, and high resistance give. The mechanical properties of concrete have been developed namely, compressive, flexural, and tensile strength by adding the fibers, and some chemical additives (superplasticizers) to reduce the percentage of water, and to ensure suitable workability. Also, the fiber makes the concrete very durable, tougher, and lower permeability. This paper aims to enhance the concrete mechanical properties by adding polypropylene fibers in combination with superplasticizers as a partial cement replacement. Test results give a good improvement by using both polypropylene fibers and superplasticizers. The split tensile strength and the flexural strength are increased significantly from 14.1 to 18.3 MPa, and from 14.28 to 20.85 MPa, respectively. While concrete strength of compression increased from 124.05 MPa to 145.87 MPa due to the inclusion of polypropylene fibers and superplasticizers. This will be seen as the experimental results showed a big improvement within the residual mechanical properties of the UHPFRC which contain the fibers compared to concrete mixes without fibers.
Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis of Haditha Dam using Geo-Studio Software
Authors: Malik Mohammed Karim , Karim Ibtisam Raheem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The current study is designed to model seepage and slope stability analysis of Haditha dam (Iraq) using finite element method by GEOSTUDIO 2012 software. GEOSTUDIO software is capable to carry out analysis such as, stress-strain, seepage, slope stability, dynamic analysis. SEEP/W and SLOPE/W are sub programs of GEOSTUDIO which can simulate the movement and pore-water pressure distribution within permeable materials like soil and rock. In the present study Haditha dam, which is an earth dam constructed on the Euphrates River in the middle west of Iraq 7 km upstream from Haditha city in Al Anbar governorate with a total length of the barrier 9064 m was chosen as a case study to simulate the seepage and slope stability analysis. The input data given to the software are the geometry of the dam and its material properties. The flow net is generated by SEEP/W software showing phreatic line, equipotential line, and stream line. Also, the seepage influx is computed by the software. The dam at its actual design was investigated by inspected the water in the reservoir to be at maximum, minimum and normal water level. It was concluded that the dolomite core and the presence of asphaltic-concrete diaphragm and the grout curtain have an important effect on decreasing the seepage quantity through the dam body and the factor of safety values of upstream and downstream slopes stability satisfy the minimum limits for all levels of water.
Groundwater Impact of Samarra city agriculture areas
Authors: Al-Samarrai Ghassan. F. , Khaleel Rana Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The high population density and land wide variation use led to environmental problems in Samarra city, for this purpose the environmental assessment became an urgent need for underground water rising on some soils properties at study area. Experiment carried out to study effect of rising underground on some properties of soil in Samarra city. Five locations of outskirts in Samarra city, the samples were collected and analysed by standard methods of FAO (2000) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) according the Standard methods (APHA, 2005).The result showed higher percentage in location 5 with value reached (79 and 84 %) and (7.9 and 8.2) on depth 15 and 30cm of humidity and pH respectively. While lower values were (17 and 14) and (6.8 and 7) of humidity and pH with location number one(1) sequentially. Analysis results of EC and HCO3 in recorded high values with location 4 were (4.2 and 4.2 dS/m) and (22 and 20 ml/L) at 15 and 30cm depth, while location No.1 less values given (5 and 3.9 dS/m) and (21 and 16ml/L) for 15, 30 cm respectively.
CFD Simulation of the CO Emissions of Pollutants Contained in Flames H2-C3H8/Air
Authors: Attia Mohammed El Hadi , Chaichan Miqdam T , Driss Zied , Khechekhouche Abderrahmane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A mathematical simulation was developed using CFD in this study for the nonpremixed combustion of two co-axial jets of a mixture consisted of propane, hydrogen, and air. The combustion chamber is represented in a three-dimensional cylindrical shape. The study aimed to evaluate the chemical and thermal properties of the mixture in the burner by adopting the following variables: temperature, axial velocity, and emitted CO. The study aims to identify and reduce carbon monoxide emissions to the environment as it is toxic pollutant. The addition of hydrogen to propane because it is a clean fuel that does not emit carbon monoxide as is the case with propane. In this study, the flame propagation velocity of hydrogen gas was compared to that of propane fuel.
An Investigation to the Effects of Impact Strength on Laminated Notched Composites used in Prosthetic Sockets Manufacturing
Authors: Abbas Ehab N. , Al-Waily Muhannad , Hammza Tariq M. , Jweeg Muhsin J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The sockets used in prostheses manufacturing are normally made from materials of high strength/weight ratio for durability and comfort wearing purposes. The sockets may be subjected to impact loading and cause a fracture due to this loading if the material has a low toughness energy. Therefore, the current work is directed to investigate experimentally the determination of impact energy and the toughness of different types of fibers and resins to assess their effectiveness in sustaining the impact loading. Samples were prepared according to the ASTM standard using the fiberglass, Kevlar and carbon fibers with three types of resins araldite, polyester and Orthocryl lamination resin 80:20 with 2-3% hardener. All types of fibers are mat types and 12 layers were manufactured with thickness approximately 4 mm. The layers of the samples were arranged (4 perlon+4 kevlar+4 perlon), (4 perlon+4 glass+ 4 perlon), (4 perlon+4 carbon+4 perlon) and three mixed samples (3perlon+2 kevlar+2 perlon+2 carbon+3 perlon), (3 perlon+2 kevlar+2 perlon+2 carbon+3 perlon), and (3 perlon+2 kevlar+2 perlon+3 carbon+2 perlon). The sample with the lamination (4 perlon+4 kevlar+4 perlon) layers has shown a good ultimate stress=124.7 MPa, and modulus of elasticity = 25.6 GPa with an acceptable of impact energy 13.7 Joule, toughness 147.9 KJ/m2 and a fracture toughness of 65.77 MN/m3/2 using the orhocrylic resin.
The Effects of Honeycomb Parameters on Transient Response of an Aircraft Sandwich Panel Structure
Authors: Sadiq Sadiq Emad , Jweeg Muhsin J. , Bakhy Sadeq H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an experimental and numerical investigation were conducted to develop an understanding of the importance and role played by honeycomb design parameters in transient response of aircraft sandwich with honeycomb core under the transient load. Forced vibration under transient load test was implemented on sandwich panel with honeycomb core specimens. Vibration rig with specific equipment was manufactured. Finite element simulation for the sandwich panel with honeycomb core were developed and analyzed by Ansys software package. Modal analysis and transient response analysis have been carry out to obtain the numerical transient response. The obtained results show a good agreement between above approaches with conformity by 85% percentage. The core high, cell size and cell wall thickness were selected to explore the effect of honeycomb parameters on the transient response of sandwich structure. In order to obtain the optimum condition, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used. Results showed that minimum transient response were found at 20 mm core height, 25 mm size cell and 1.5 mm cell wall thickness. Where, the optimal value minimum transient response equal to 0.0019 mm.
Effect of using engine oil waste on the characteristics of asphalt binder
Authors: Khalid A M , Ahmed N A , Omar M h 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recycled asphalt mixtures (RAM), which are obtained by mixing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), virgin bitumen and mineral additives, grant a range of advantages, consisting of useful resource recycling, rate reductions in costs, and decreased terrible environmental impacts. However, more than one organizations have expressed issues about the utilization ratio of RAP. The principle feature of this learn is to describe and evaluate materials of modified asphalt binder mixes by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
This study aims to analyze the effect of waste fuel oil WFO on the characteristics of asphalt binder using Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy.
The findings of the treatise indicate that the good validity will add a lot of waste oil. This also offered a method for developing oils to create new rejuvenating agent to achieve complex synergism etc. In addition, the waste cyclic consumption and protection of the environment would be realized.
An approach for contingency ranking analysis of electrical power system
Authors: Al-Anbarri Kassim A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an algorithm for ranking the critical contingencies in a high voltage power system. The presented approach based on a hybrid weighted performance index. The hybrid performance index measures the overloaded transmission lines and bus voltage deviation out the permissible limits. A linear technique is used in computing the hybrid performance index. The proposed algorithm is applied to the IEEE24 bus reliability test system. There is a good match between the results obtained with the proposed algorithm with those obtained by applying a full AC load flow iterative method.