bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity: Impact on Survival in Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Tucker Katherine , Staley Stuart-Allison , Clark Leslie H. , Soper John T. 
Published: November 2019

ImportancePhysical activity has many important health benefits. There is also growing evidence that physical activity plays a role in the prevention and prognosis of multiple cancers, including gynecologic malignancies. Despite the many benefits of physical activity, the number of individuals meeting physical activity recommendations remains low.ObjectiveTo examine the role that physical activity plays in the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of gynecologic malignancies and to review the feasibility of physical activity interventions among gynecologic cancer survivors.Evidence AcquisitionA PubMed search was performed using relevant terms to identify journal articles related to the proposed subject. The websites of multiple national and international organizations were also used to obtain up-to-date guidelines and recommendations.ResultsPhysical activity appears to decrease the risk of ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer, with the strongest evidence of this association seen in endometrial cancer. Although the literature is scarce, participation in physical activity is feasible during active treatment for gynecologic cancers and may decrease symptom burden and increase chemotherapy completion rates. Gynecologic cancer survivors are motivated to increase physical activity, and lifestyle intervention programs are feasible and well received among this population.Conclusions and RelevanceHealth care providers caring for women with gynecologic malignancies must counsel patients regarding the importance of physical activity. This should include a discussion of the health benefits and, specifically, the cancer-related benefits. A personalized approach to physical activity intervention is essential.Target AudienceObstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this activity, the learner should be better able to summarize the physical activity recommendations for adults; describe health benefits of physical activity and review the hypotheses for its role in cancer; assess the general conclusions for the role of physical activity in the setting of gynecologic cancer; and propose considerations or modifications to physical activity in patients who may have treatment or disease-related adverse effects.
Bell’s Palsy in Pregnancy
Authors: Evangelista Victor , Gooding Megan S. , Pereira Leonardo 
Published: November 2019

Importance
The incidence and severity of Bell's palsy are increased in pregnancy, with most cases arising in the third trimester or postpartum period. It has been indicated that pregnancy-related Bell's palsy has worse long-term outcomes, such as complete facial paralysis, compared with nonpregnant women and males.

Objective
This article outlines the existing literature diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Bell's palsy, specifically looking at the implications during pregnancy. The aim is to provide a reference for physicians treating Bell's palsy in pregnant patients.

Evidence Acquisition
Existing literature on neuropathies during pregnancy, clinical presentation, and treatment of Bell's palsy was reviewed through a MEDLINE and PubMed search. Referenced articles were reviewed and used as primary source materials as appropriate.

Results
Multiple clinical tests of motor function are used to establish the diagnosis of Bell's palsy including Wartenberg's lid vibration test, an abnormal eyelash occlusion test, and asymmetry with voluntary and spontaneous smiling. Optimal treatment for Bell's palsy remains controversial. While early treatment with corticosteroids for 10 days is highly recommended, the simultaneous use of antiviral therapy is frequently performed but has less supporting evidence. Pregnancy itself and delay in treatment initiation are associated with persistent nerve palsy, whereas treatment started within 3 days of symptom onset is usually associated with full recovery. Recurrence of Bell's palsy in pregnancy is rare.

Conclusions and Relevance
To date, there is limited literature in the diagnosis and treatment of Bell's palsy during pregnancy. The prognosis of Bell's palsy in pregnancy is worse than in nonpregnant individuals. Early treatment with steroids is recommended, but not without risk.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physician.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to identify clinical features and presentations of Bell's palsy; differentiate between the treatment and prognosis of Bell's palsy during pregnancy versus nonpregnancy; and assess the risks and benefits of treatment of Bell's palsy with corticosteroids and antivirals in pregnant women.
Short-term Health-Related Quality of Life After Hysterectomy Compared With Myomectomy for Symptomatic Leiomyomas
Authors: Nicholson Wanda K. , Wegienka Ganesa , Zhang Shuaiqi , Wallace Kedra , Stewart Elizabeth , Laughlin-Tommaso Shannon , Thomas Laine , Jacoby Vanessa L. , Marsh Erica E. , Wise Lauren , Borah Bijan J. , Spies James , Venable Sateria , Anchan Raymond M. , Maxwell G. Larry , Diamond Michael , Lytle Barbara , Myers Evan R. 
Published: November 2019

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2019;134:261–269)
One or more leiomyomas will be detected by abdominal or pelvic imaging by age 50 years in 70% of white women and more than 80% of African American women. Most leiomyomas are asymptomatic, but 25% to 30% of affected women will experience pelvic pain, heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, bulk symptoms (ie, pelvic pressure or genitourinary symptoms), and/or reproductive dysfunction.
Universal Endometrial Cancer Tumor Typing: How Much Has Immunohistochemistry, Microsatellite Instability, and MLH1 Methylation Improved the Diagnosis of Lynch Syndrome Across the Population?
Authors: Kahn Ryan M. , Gordhandas Sushmita , Maddy Brandon Paul , Nelson Becky Baltich , Askin Gulce , Christos Paul J. , Caputo Thomas A. , Chapman-Davis Eloise , Holcomb Kevin , Frey Melissa K. 
Published: November 2019

(Abstracted from Cancer 2019;125(18):3172–3183)
Lynch syndrome caused by germline mutations in several DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins is the most common cause of hereditary and endometrial cancers. Lynch syndrome accounts for approximately 2% to 3% of all endometrial cancers, although the lifetime risk of endometrial cancer for patients with Lynch syndrome varies depending on the specific mutation.
Delayed Recognition of Lower Urinary Tract Injuries Following Hysterectomy for Benign Indications: A NSQIP-Based Study
Authors: Bretschneider C. Emi , Casas-Puig Viviana , Sheyn David , Hijaz Adonis , Ferrando Cecile A. 
Published: November 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;221:132.e1–132.e13)
The occurrence of lower urinary tract (LUT) injury at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications is rare. Reported rates range from 0.3% to 1.3%.
Routine HIV Test Results in 6 US Clinical Laboratories Using the Recommended Laboratory HIV Testing Algorithm With Geenius HIV 1/2 Supplemental Assay
Authors: Wesolowski Laura G. , Chavez Pollyanna R. , Cárdenas Ana María , Katayev Alex , Slev Patricia , Valsamakis Alexandra , Wang Yun F. , Yao Joseph D. , Dougherty Caitlin , Gillim-Ross Laura , Harmon Christopher , Delaney Kevin P. 
Published: November 2019

Background
Geenius HIV 1/2 Supplemental Assay (Geenius; Bio-Rad Laboratories) is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation test for the second step in the HIV laboratory testing algorithm. We characterized the occurrence of true HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections as well as false results in 6 US clinical laboratories using Geenius.

Methods
We examined routine HIV testing outcome data from the time the laboratories began using the algorithm with Geenius until September 30, 2017. We calculated the positive predictive value for Geenius HIV-1 and HIV-2 reactivity separately.

Results
Of 5,046,684 specimens tested, 41,791 had reactive antigen/antibody test results. Most specimens with reactive antigen/antibody results were HIV-1 antibody–positive established infections (n = 32,421), 1,865 of which also had indeterminate HIV-2 bands present. Ninety-three specimens were HIV-2 antibody positive or untypable for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody. Acute HIV-1 infections were found in 528 specimens; 881 specimens lacked the nucleic acid test to determine the possibility of acute HIV-1 infection. False-positive antigen/antibody test results were present in 7505 specimens. Few specimens (n = 363) had false-positive antigen/antibody results with indeterminate Geenius and negative HIV-1 nucleic acid test results. The positive predictive values of Geenius reactivity were 99.4% for HIV-1 and 4.3% for HIV-2.

Conclusions
Routine testing using the laboratory testing algorithm with Geenius resulted in most specimens resolving as HIV negative or HIV-1 positive. The occurrence of indeterminate HIV-2 bands with a Geenius final assay interpretation of HIV-1 positive was more common than true HIV-2 infections. Reporting indeterminate HIV-2 results in this situation may cause confusion with interpreting HIV infection status.
Effect of Dextrose Prolotherapy on Pain Intensity, Disability, and Plantar Fascia Thickness in Unilateral Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Mansiz-Kaplan Basak , Nacir Baris , Pervane-Vural Secil , Duyur-Cakit Burcu , Genc Hakan 
Published: November 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy in the treatment of chronic resistant plantar fasciitis through comparison with a control group.

Design
In this double-blind, randomized, controlled study, the patients were divided into two groups. The prolotherapy group (n = 30) was administered 5 ml of 30% dextrose, 4 ml of saline, and 1 ml of 2% lidocaine mixture (15% dextrose solution) and the control group was given 9 ml of saline and 1 ml of 2% lidocaine mixture twice at a 3-wk interval. During the 15-wk follow-up period, pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale during activity and at rest. The foot function index was used to measure pain and disability. The plantar fascia thickness was measured by ultrasonography. The measurements were undertaken before treatment and at posttreatment weeks 7 and 15.

Results
Improvements in visual analog scale during activity, at rest, foot function index (all subgroups), and plantar fascia thickness measured at the 7th and 15th weeks were significantly higher in the prolotherapy group compared with the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Dextrose prolotherapy has efficacy up to 15 wks and can be used as an alternative method in the treatment of chronic resistant plantar fasciitis.
Knee Buckling (Negative Myoclonus) Associated With Clozapine: Reports on 3 Cases
Authors: Uzun Özcan , Bolu Abdullah , Taşçi Azize Beril , Oğur Begüm 
Published: November 2019

Background
Negative myoclonus is rarely seen in the clinical setting. It can be involved in some central nervous system pathologies. It has also been observed after antipsychotic treatment.

Case Reports
In this article, we will present 3 cases diagnosed with negative myoclonus in a 120-bed university-affiliated hospital within the past 7 years. Based on our clinical experience, it was observed that myoclonic jerk was a rare condition that started with suddenly dose changes. Patients showed good improvement in response to dose reduction.

Conclusions
Since the number of reported cases on negative myoclonus is limited, there is still a lack of well-established consensus on the management of this disease. It can be concluded that myoclonic jerk may be dose-dependent, sudden dose changes may be effective, anticonvulsants are not effective in all cases, and treatment can be achieved by reducing the dose.
Systematic Evaluation of Levodopa Effect on Visual Improvement in Amblyopia: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Su-Ping , Li Qiao-Xian , Li Shaomin 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of levodopa as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of children and adults with amblyopia.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with randomized controlled trials of levodopa and placebo in the treatment of amblyopia. All data were identified and extracted from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane libraries, and the Chinese knowledge resource integration database.

Results
After screening the literature and evaluating the quality, 11 studies met the criteria from 308 studies. The mean difference of LogMAR visual acuity between levodopa and the placebo group was −0.1031 (95% confidence interval, −0.11 to −0.09; P < 0.0001). The improvement of visual acuities of the subgroup of younger patients with amblyopia was significantly higher than that of the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Increasing the dosage of levodopa and prolonging the treatment can significantly improve the curative effect.

Conclusions
Levodopa is effective in the treatment of amblyopia by prolonging the treatment, especially for young patients.
Medical Adhesives-Related Skin Injury in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kim Min Ji , Jang Jeong Mi , Kim Hye Kyung , Heo Hyun Ju , Jeong Ihn Sook 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to identify the purpose, type, and site of medical adhesives (MAs) used for patient care and to measure the incidence of medical adhesive-related skin injury (MARSI) among patients in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

DESIGN:
A prospective observational study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 60 children hospitalized at a 13-bed PICU in a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital in Yangsan (southeastern Korea) from August 2 to October 25, 2017. The median age was 2.9 months, and the composition of male and female was 34 (56.7%) and 26 (43.3%), respectively.

METHODS:
The skin of all participants was examined by first-line staff nurses every shift and occurrences of MARSI were confirmed by a wound care specialist. Characteristics of MA use were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and incidence rates of MARSI were calculated using 3 methods: (1) rate per 100 patients, (2) rate per 100 MAs, and (3) rate per 1000 days of MA use. Chi-squared (χ2) tests were conducted to analyze associations between MARSI and sex, age group, and primary service type (medical vs surgical).

RESULTS:
The total number of MAs used was 414 and the total day of use of MAs was 1424.8. Medical adhesives most frequently used were endotracheal tube fixation devices (55/414) and fixation devices for the face (167/414). The number of MARSI occurrences was 35 cases in 23 patients; skin stripping was the most common form of MARSI (26/35). The incidence rate was 58.3 MARSIs per 100 patients, 8.5 MARSIs per 100 MAs, and 24.6 MARSIs per 1000 days of MA use. The MARSI incidence rate was significantly different based on age group (P = .014).

CONCLUSION:
We observed a frequent occurrence of MARSI among patients in the PICU, especially in patients requiring long-term use of MAs such as central line dressings or in MAs placed in high-moisture areas such as near an endotracheal tube. We highlight the importance of regular skin inspection and frequent but gentle replacement of MAs for prolonged use of MAs in critically ill children.
Friction Injury Versus Deep Tissue Injury: Level of Tissue Involvement
Authors: Berke Christine Thies 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:
Friction injuries are postulated to be caused by acute or chronic abrasive/friction forces during sliding, scooting, or slouching behaviors prevalent in individuals with impaired mobility and particularly when transferring and repositioning.

CASES:
Patient histories for 2 cases were collected for determination of wound etiology. Outpatient wound clinic visits including photographic documentation for both cases were reviewed, compared, and contrasted for level of tissue involvement with each wound type/etiology. With serial sharp debridement of both wounds, differences were noted in level of tissue involvement/destruction. Healing progression and scarring were also different for both wounds.

CONCLUSION:
A comparison of 2 cases is presented to compare and contrast level of tissue involvement and destruction in an acute friction injury (top-down) versus a deep tissue injury (bottom-up). The importance of knowing a wound's history is critical for accurate diagnosis and coding.
Frequency selectivity of persistent cortical oscillatory responses to auditory rhythmic stimulation
Authors: Lerousseau Jacques Pesnot , Trébuchon Agnès , Morillon Benjamin , Schön Daniele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCortical oscillations have been proposed to play a functional role in speech and music perception, attentional selection and working memory, via the mechanism of neural entrainment. One of the most compelling arguments for neural entrainment is that its modulatory effect on ongoing oscillations outlasts rhythmic stimulation. We tested the existence of this phenomenon by studying cortical neural oscillations during and after presentation of melodic stimuli in a passive perception paradigm. Melodies were composed of ∼60 and ∼80 Hz tones embedded in a 2.5 Hz stream. Using intracranial and surface recordings in humans, we reveal consistent neural response properties throughout the cortex, well beyond the auditory regions. Persistent oscillatory activity in the high-gamma band was observed in response to the tones. By contrast, in response to the 2.5 Hz stream, no persistent activity in any frequency band was observed. We further show that our data are well-captured by a model of damped harmonic oscillator and can be classified into three classes of neural dynamics, with distinct damping properties and eigenfrequencies. This model provides a mechanistic and quantitative explanation of the frequency selectivity of auditory neural entrainment in the human cortex.Significance statementIt has been proposed that the functional role of cortical oscillations is subtended by a mechanism of entrainment, the synchronisation in phase or amplitude of neural oscillations to a periodic stimulation. We tested whether the modulatory effect on ongoing oscillations outlasts the rhythmic stimulation, a phenomenon considered to be one of the most compelling arguments for entrainment. Using intracranial and surface recordings of human listening to rhythmic auditory stimuli, we reveal consistent oscillatory responses throughout the cortex, with persistent activity of high-gamma oscillations. On the contrary, neural oscillations do not outlast low-frequency acoustic dynamics. We interpret our results as reflecting harmonic oscillator properties - a model ubiquitous in physics but rarely used in neuroscience.
Oral feeding with probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusattenuates cigarette smoke-induced COPD in C57Bl/6 mice: Relevance to inflammatory markers in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Carvalho J.L. , Miranda M. , Fialho A.K. , Castro-Faria-Neto H. , Anatriello E. , Keller A.C. , Aimbire F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCOPD is a prevalent lung disease with significant impacts on public health. Affected airways exhibit pulmonary neutrophilia and consequent secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases, which result in lung emphysema. Probiotics act as nonspecific modulators of the innate immune system that improve several inflammatory responses. To investigate the effect ofLactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr)on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD C57Bl/6 mice were treated withLrduring the week before COPD induction and three times/week until euthanasia. Forin vitroassays, murine bronchial epithelial cells as well as human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract during 24 hours were treated withLr1 hour before CSE addition.Lrtreatment attenuated the inflammatory response both in the airways and lung parenchyma, reducing neutrophilic infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Also, Lr-treated mice presented with lower metalloproteases in lung tissue and lung remodeling. In parallel to the reduction in the expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, STAT3, and NF-κB in lung tissue,Lrincreased the levels of IL-10 as well as SOCS3 and TIMP1/2, indicating the induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. Similarly, murine bronchial epithelial cells as well as human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS) exposed to CSE produced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which were inhibited byLrtreatment in association with the production of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, the presence of Lr also modulated the expression of COPD-associated transcription found into BALF of COPD mice group, i.e.,Lrdownregulated expression of NF-κB and STAT3, and inversely upregulated increased expression of SOCS3. Thus, our findings indicate thatLrmodulates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human bronchial epithelial cells upon CS exposure and it can be a useful tool to improve the lung inflammatory response associated with COPD.
Counting the paternal founders of Austroasiatic speakers associated with the language dispersal in South Asia
Authors: Singh Prajjval Pratap , Vishwakarma Shani , Sultana Gazi Nurun Nahar , Pilvar Arno , Karmin Monika , Rootsi Siiri , Villems Richard , Metspalu Mait , Behar Doron M , Kivisild Toomas , van Driem George , Chaubey Gyaneshwer 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe phylogenetic analysis of Y chromosomal haplogroup O2a-M95 was crucial to determine the nested structure of South Asian branches within the larger tree, predominantly present in East and Southeast Asia. However, it had previously been unclear how many founders brought the haplogroup O2a-M95 to South Asia. On the basis of the updated Y chromosomal tree for haplogroup O2a-M95, we analysed 1,437 male samples from South Asia for various downstream markers, carefully selected from the extant phylogenetic tree. With this increased resolution, we were able to identify at least three founders downstream to haplogroup O2a-M95 who are likely to have been associated with the dispersal of Austroasiatic languages to South Asia. The fourth founder was exclusively present amongst Tibeto-Burman speakers of Manipur and Bangladesh. In sum, our new results suggest the arrival of Austroasiatic languages in South Asia during last five thousand years.