bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Optoelectronic Processes in Organic Solar Cells: From Opaque to Transparent
Authors: Schopp Nora , Brus Viktor V. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrganic (semi)transparent photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) promise integrated, sustainable, low‐cost energy harvesting solutions. However, current efficiency limitations have to be overcome to make ST‐OPV a competitive technology. In this simulation‐based work, the effect of the selective transparency on the photoelectronic processes in ST‐OPVs is studied and changes in the generation–recombination dynamics and the extraction efficiency are demonstrated that are causally linked to the increased transparency. The study of five model systems with transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) back electrodes and systematically varied extinction coefficients and an opaque cell with Ag back contact allows to quantify these changes in the photoelectronic processes and to address the role of the series and the shunt resistors while keeping all other parameters of the modeled devices identical. The findings demonstrate the increased importance of the active layer quality in ST‐OPVs and indicate that ST‐OPVs benefit from a wider choice of transparent electrode materials.
Selective Construction of C−C and C=C Bonds by Manganese Catalyzed Coupling of Alcohols with Phosphorus Ylides
Authors: Liu Xin , Werner Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the manganese catalyzed coupling of alcohols with phosphorus ylides. The selectivity in the coupling of primary alcohols with phosphorus ylides to form carbon‐carbon single (C−C) and carbon‐carbon double (C=C) bonds can be controlled by the ligands. In the conversion of more challenging secondary alcohols with phosphorus ylides the selectivity towards the formation of C−C vs. C=C bonds can be controlled by the reaction conditions, namely the amount of base. The scope and limitations of the coupling reactions were thoroughly evaluated by the conversion of 21 alcohols and 15 ylides. Notably, compared to existing methods, which are based on precious metal complexes as catalysts, the present catalytic system is based on earth abundant manganese catalysts. The reaction can also be performed in a sequential one‐pot reaction generating the phosphorus ylide in situ followed manganese catalyzed C−C and C=C bond formation. Mechanistic studies suggest that the C−C bond was generated via a borrowing hydrogen pathway and the C=C bond formation followed an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling pathway.magnified image
Self‐improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: First report of clinical, molecular, and genetic characterization of five patients from Southeast Asia
Authors: Bishnoi Priya , Ng Yi Zhen , Wei Heming , Tan Ene‐Choo , Lunny Declan P. , Wong X. F. Colin C. , Kin Fon Leong , Gondokaryono Srie Prihianti , Diana Inne Arline , Common John E. A. , Koh Mark J. A. , Lane E. Birgitte 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelf‐improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) characterized by significant improvement in skin fragility within the first few years of life. Genetic inheritance has previously been reported as autosomal dominant or recessive with both forms harboring mutations in COL7A1. To date, there have been no reports of this rare clinical entity from various Southeast Asian ethnicities. Here, we describe the clinical and molecular features of five patients from the Southeast Asia region who presented with predominantly acral‐distributed blisters and erosions in the first few days of life. Blistering resolved over several months, without appearance of new blisters. By immunofluorescence, intraepidermal retention of Type VII collagen was observed in all patient skin biopsies when investigated with antibody staining. Genetic analysis of four patients revealed pathogenic variants in COL7A1 which have not been previously reported. The clinical diagnosis in these rare patients is confirmed with molecular histology and genetic characterization.
Click‐Functionalization of a Poly(Tetrazine‐co‐Fluorene)‐Conjugated Polymer with a Series of trans‐Cyclooctene Derivatives
Authors: Kardelis Vladimir , Denk Maria M. , Adronov Alex 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA soluble poly(tetrazine) polymer was prepared via Suzuki polycondensation of 3,6‐bis(5‐bromofuran‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine and a fluorene diboronate derivative. It can undergo efficient and quantitative post‐polymerization inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder click reactions with a variety of trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) derivatives. The resulting polymers were oxidized to convert dihydropyridazine rings into pyridazines. The absorption spectra of the product polymers, both before and after oxidation, showed hypsochromic shifts that correlated with steric hindrance of the appended side chains. They also exhibited a significantly enhanced fluorescence intensity relative to the original poly(tetrazine). While gel‐permeation chromatography indicated that the product polymers exhibited longer retention times, NMR end‐group analysis showed that the polymers retained relatively constant degrees of polymerization. Graft copolymers were easily prepared via reaction with TCO‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) chains and a cross‐linked foam was produced by reacting the poly(tetrazine) with a bis‐TCO crosslinker.
Contemporary Approaches for Site‐Selective Dual Functionalization of Proteins
Authors: Xu Lujuan , Kuan Seah Ling , Weil Tanja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSite‐selective protein functionalization serves as an invaluable tool for investigating protein structures and functions in complicated cellular environments and accomplishing semi‐synthetic protein conjugates such as traceable therapeutics with improved features. Dual functionalization of proteins allows the incorporation of two different types of functionalities at distinct location(s), which greatly expands the features of native proteins. The attachment and crosstalk of a fluorescence donor and an acceptor dye provides fundamental insights into the folding and structural changes of proteins upon ligand binding in their native cellular environments. Moreover, the combination of drug molecules with different modes of action, imaging agents or stabilizing polymers provides new avenues to design precision protein therapeutics in a reproducible and well‐characterizable fashion. This review aims to give a timely overview of the recent advancements and a future perspective of this relatively new research area. First, the chemical toolbox for dual functionalization of proteins is discussed and compared. The strengths and limitations of each strategy are summarized in order to enable readers to select the most appropriate method for their envisaged applications. Thereafter, representative applications of these dual‐modified protein bioconjugates benefiting from the synergistic/additive properties of the two synthetic moieties are highlighted.
Behavior of Smart Surfactants in Stabilizing pH‐Responsive Emulsions
Authors: Pei Xiaomei , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Wanqing , Liu Pei , Song Binglei , Jiang Jianzhong , Cui Zhenggang , Binks Bernard P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNewly structured pH‐responsive smart surfactants (N+‐(n)‐N, n=14, 16) from alkyl trimethylammonium bromides are reported. In neutral and alkaline media N+‐(n)‐N behaves as a normal cationic surfactant and stabilizes conventional emulsions alone, as well as Pickering emulsions and oil‐in‐dispersion emulsions together with oppositely and similarly charged nanoparticles, respectively. In acidic media N+‐(n)‐N becomes a hydrophilic Bola‐type surfactant, N+‐(n)‐NH+, and is an inferior emulsifier either when used alone or together with charged nanoparticles, resulting in demulsification. N+‐(n)‐NH+ returns to the aqueous phase alone or together with nanoparticles after demulsification without contaminating the oil phase, and the aqueous phase can be recycled when triggered by pH change. This protocol is a green process and leads to preparation of various temporarily stable emulsions which are often used in emulsion polymerization, heterogeneous catalysis, and oil transportation.
Enantioselective Three‐Component Coupling of Heteroarenes, Cycloalkenes and Propargylic Acetates
Authors: Teng Shenghan , Chi Yonggui Robin , Zhou Jianrong Steve 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAsymmetric coupling proceeds efficiently between propargylic acetates, cycloalkenes and electron‐rich heteroarenes including indoles, pyrroles, activated furans and thiophenes. 2,3‐Disubstituted tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines are produced in trans configuration and excellent enantiomeric ratios. The reaction proceeds via Wacker‐type attack of nucleophilic heteroarenes on alkenes activated by allenyl PdII species.
Polaron Delocalization in Donor–Acceptor Polymers and its Impact on Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance
Authors: Moser Maximilian , Savva Achilleas , Thorley Karl , Paulsen Bryan D. , Hidalgo Tania Cecilia , Ohayon David , Chen Hu , Giovannitti Alexander , Marks Adam , Gasparini Nicola , Wadsworth Andrew , Rivnay Jonathan , Inal Sahika , McCulloch Iain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDonor–acceptor (D‐A) polymers are promising materials for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as they minimize detrimental faradaic side‐reactions during OECT operation, yet their steady‐state OECT performance still lags far behind their all‐donor counterparts. We report three D‐A polymers based on the diketopyrrolopyrrole unit that afford OECT performances similar to those of all‐donor polymers, hence representing a significant improvement to the previously developed D‐A copolymers. In addition to improved OECT performance, DFT simulations of the polymers and their respective hole polarons also reveal a positive correlation between hole polaron delocalization and steady‐state OECT performance, providing new insights into the design of OECT materials. Importantly, we demonstrate how polaron delocalization can be tuned directly at the molecular level by selection of the building blocks comprising the polymers’ conjugated backbone, thus paving the way for the development of even higher performing OECT polymers.
A review and reappraisal of the specific gravities of present and past multicellular organisms, with an emphasis on tetrapods
Authors: Larramendi Asier , Paul Gregory S. , Hsu Shu‐yu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe density, or specific gravity (SG), of organisms has numerous important implications for their form, function, ecology, and other facets of beings living and dead, and it is especially necessary to apply SG values that are as accurate as practical when estimating their masses which is itself a critical aspect of living things. Yet a comprehensive review and analysis of this notable subject of anatomy has never been conducted and published. This is such an effort, being as extensive as possible with the data on hand, bolstered by some additional observations, and new work focusing on extinct animals who densities are least unknown: pterosaurs and dinosaurs with extensive pneumatic complexes, including the most sophisticated effort to date for a sauropod. Often difficult to determine even via direct observation, techniques for obtaining the best possible SG data are explained and utilized, including observations of floating animals. Neutral specific gravity (NSG) is proposed as the most important value for tetrapods with respiratory tracts of fluctuating volume. SGs of organisms range from 0.08 to 2.6, plant tissues from 0.08 to 1.39, and vertebrates from about 0.75 (some giant pterosaurs) to 1.2 (those with heavy armor and/or skeletons). Tetrapod NSGs tend to be somewhat higher than widely thought, especially those theropod and sauropod dinosaurs and pterosaurs with air‐sacs because respiratory system volume is usually measured at maximum inhalation in birds. Also discussed is evidence that the ratio of the mass of skeletons relative to total body mass has not been properly assayed in the past.
Concurrent transfection of randomized transgene configurations into targeted integration CHO host is an advantageous and cost‐effective method for expression of complex molecules
Authors: Dong Emily , Lam Cynthia , Tang Danming , Louie Salina , Yim Mandy , Williams Ambrose J. , Sawyer William , Yip Shirley , Carver Joseph , AlBarakat Ali , Tsukuda Joni , Snedecor Brad , Misaghi Shahram 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComplex recombinant proteins are increasingly desired as potential therapeutic options for many disease indications and are commonly expressed in the mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Generally, stoichiometric expression and proper folding of all subunits of a complex recombinant protein are required to achieve the desired titers and product qualities for a complex molecule. Targeted integration (TI) cell line development (CLD), which entails the insertion of the desired transgene(s) into a predefined landing‐pad in the CHO genome, enables the generation of a homogeneous pool of cells from which clonally stable and high titer clones can be isolated with minimal screening efforts. Despite these advantages, using a single transgene(s) configuration with predetermined gene dosage might not be adequate for the expression of complex molecules. The goal of this study is to develop a method for seamless screening of many vector configurations in a single TI CLD attempt. As testing vector configurations in transient expression systems is not predictive of protein expression in the stable cell lines and parallel TI CLDs with different transgene configurations is resource‐intensive, we tested the concept of randomized configuration targeted integration (RCTI) CLD approach for expression of complex molecules. RCTI allows simultaneous transfection of multiple vector configurations, encoding a complex molecule, to generate diverse TI clones each with a single transgene configuration but clone specific productivity and product qualities. Our findings further revealed a direct correlation between transgenes’ configuration/copy‐number and titer/product quality of the expressed proteins. RCTI CLD enabled, with significantly fewer resources, seamless isolation of clones with comparable titers and product quality attributes to that of several parallel standard TI CLDs. Therefore, RCTI introduces randomness to the TI CLD platform while maintaining all the advantages, such as clone stability and reduced sequence variant levels, that the TI system has to offer.
Terpyridine‐Based 3D Metal–Organic‐Frameworks: A Structure–Property Correlation
Authors: Elahi Syed Meheboob , Raizada Mukul , Sahu Pradip Kumar , Konar Sanjit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDesign, synthesis, and applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are among the most salient fields of research in modern inorganic and materials chemistry. As the structure and physical properties of MOFs are mostly dependent on the organic linkers or ligands, the choice of ligand system is of utmost importance in the design of MOFs. One such crucial organic linker/ligand is terpyridine (tpy), which can adopt various coordination modes to generate an enormous number of metal–organic frameworks. These frameworks generally carry physicochemical characteristics induced by the π‐electron‐rich (basically N‐electron‐rich moiety) terpyridines. In this minireview, the construction of 3D MOFs associated with symmetrical terpyridines is discussed. These ligands can be easily derivatized at the lateral phenyl (4′‐phenyl) position and incorporate additional organic functionalities. These functionalities lead to some different binding modes and form higher dimensional (3D) frameworks. Therefore, these 3D MOFs can carry multiple features along with the characteristics of terpyridines. Some properties of these MOFs, like photophysical, chemical selectivity, photocatalytic degradation, proton conductivity, and magnetism, etc. have also been discussed and correlated with their frameworks.
Concentration‐Dependent Interactions of Amphiphilic PiB Derivative Metal Complexes with Amyloid Peptides Aβ and Amylin**
Authors: Majdoub Saida , Garda Zoltán , Oliveira Alexandre C. , Relich Inga , Pallier Agnès , Lacerda Sara , Hureau Christelle , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Morfin Jean‐François , Tóth Éva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Jean‐François Morfin and Éva Tóth at the CNRS in Orléans, and their collaborators from University of Debrecen, University of Coimbra and Université de Toulouse. The image depicts that when an amphiphilic compound is intravenously injected, monomer, pre‐micellar and micellar forms can co‐exist in the blood and have different affinities for amyloid peptides. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202004000.
Azolium/Hydroquinone Organo‐Radical Co‐Catalysis: Aerobic C−C‐Bond Cleavage in Ketones
Authors: Nakatsuji Yuya , Kobayashi Yusuke , Masuda Sakyo , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrgano‐radical catalysts have recently attracted great interest, and the development of this field can be expected to broaden the applications of organocatalysis. Herein, the first example of a radical‐generating system is reported that does not require any photoirradiation, radical initiators, or preactivated substrates. The oxidative C−C‐bond cleavage of 2‐substituted cyclohexanones was achieved using an azolium salt and a hydroquinone as co‐catalysts. A catalytic mechanism was proposed based on the results of diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements, as well as computational studies.
Nonlinear non‐Gaussian and multimode probabilistic weighted copula regression model based deep neural network
Authors: Cui Chang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA probabilistic weighted copula (WCR) approach based on a sparse robust auto‐encoder (SRAE) is proposed. For the industrial processes, which have multi‐operation conditions, SRAE model with the five‐layer stacked auto‐encoder is introduced to do feature learning. Then, the extracted feature can be used to classify the multi‐operation conditions. Besides, the advanced high‐level features extracted by the SRAE model can deal with the nonlinear and non‐Gaussian process well. The WCR model applies the vine copula function and Monte Carlo estimation to quickly depict the distribution of the process. By considering the abstract features and the copula weights of local data, the predicting uncertainty can be quickly calculated by the SRAE‐WCR model. The effectiveness of the SRAE‐WCR model is illustrated with an ethylene cracking furnace process and a numerical example.
Pancreatic fat accumulation is associated with decreased β‐cell function and deterioration in glucose tolerance in Korean adults
Authors: Chin Sang Ouk , Hwang You‐Cheol , Cho In‐Jin , Jeong In‐Kyung , Ahn Kyu Jeung , Chung Ho Yeon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThis study was designed to investigate the association between pancreatic fat content (PFC) and insulin secretory capacity as well as glucose tolerance in Korean adults.MaterialsA total of 39 participants (mean age 49.9 years, 53% males) without a previous history of diabetes, or those previously diagnosed as having diabetes but with less than 10 years of disease duration and no medication history were included. They were stratified according to the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and diabetes.MethodsAll participants underwent the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to assess PFC. Insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function were measured by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIVGTT) and OGTT‐derived indices.ResultsAs glucose tolerance deteriorated, parameters such as Stumvoll index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity index, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐β, insulinogenic index and oral disposition index from the OGTT, and acute insulin response to glucose (AIR) and disposition index (DI) from the FSIVGTT were decreased. PFC increased with deterioration in glucose tolerance (NGT: 12.0%, prediabetes: 23.7%, and diabetes: 31.9%). Correlation analysis indicated that glucose levels at 60 and 120 min during the OGTT were positively correlated with PFC. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between PFC and DI as well as AIR derived from the FSIVGTT.ConclusionsPFC evaluated by 1H‐MRS in Korean adults was higher in those diagnosed with diabetes than those with normal glucose tolerance status. PFC also showed a significant negative correlation with indices reflecting beta cell function.
Impact of seasonal hydrological variation on tropical fish assemblages: abrupt shift following an extreme flood event
Authors: Chea Ratha , Pool Thomas K. , Chevalier Mathieu , Ngor Pengbun , So Nam , Winemiller Kirk O. , Lek Sovan , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulsing hydrology is a major factor affecting fish communities in tropical river‐floodplain ecosystems. Species responses to flow alteration are however poorly understood and are thus difficult to predict. Here, we investigated temporal changes in fish community structure (taxonomic and functional) in the Tonle Sap Lake, a floodplain ecosystem in Cambodia that supports the world largest inland fisheries and a UNESCO biosphere reserve. Fish catches were monitored daily at five locations around the lake between 2012 and 2015, with 53 species obtained over the course of the field study. Nine fish traits were recorded and used to characterize the functional composition of fish communities. Temporal changes in functional community structure in response to hydrological variation were assessed using multiple co‐inertia analysis (MCOA) and cross‐correlation function (CCF) approaches. Analyses revealed an abrupt shift in functional structure following extreme flood events in 2013 that included a marked decrease in large‐bodied fish at high trophic levels. Also observed were seasonal changes in the relative abundance of life‐history strategies, feeding habits, and accessory respiratory adaptations. Black fish (species that are relatively sedentary with an equilibrium‐type life‐history strategy) dominated during low‐water periods, whereas white fish (migratory species with opportunistic or periodic life‐history strategies) were dominant during high‐water periods. Dynamics of local assemblage structure were fairly synchronous spatially and were independent of the distance between locations. Species responses to the peak flood pulse were estimated to lag 1–2 months. Findings from this study indicate that management of fisheries resources in the Tonle Sap Lake should consider differential responses of species to hydrology as a function of life‐history strategies and other functional traits as well as factors that may influence time lags in population and community changes to extreme flow events.