bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information seeking patterns of psychiatrists during clinical practice
Authors: Ruiz López Gerardo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study is based on Gerardo Ruiz’s doctoral thesis on the information seeking patterns of psychiatrists in Mexico City, which he completed in January 2018 from the Autonomous National University of Mexico. The paper presents the key findings from a survey and interview involving 92 psychiatrists to identify the differing roles and information behaviours of three types of mental health practitioners. Similarities and divergences were found in their behavioural patterns in obtaining information to make clinical decisions, depending on purpose for the sought information which aligned to the role of the psychiatrist and on the information contexts of institutions in which they work. The implications for practice highlighted in this study focus on the influencing factors of time and availability of sources in enabling the mental health specialist to search, disseminate and evaluate information to be used in clinical practice, as well as to have in place broader communication with colleagues in order to enrich clinical care for better diagnosis and treatment.F.J.
Characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) isolated from HIV‐exposed‐uninfected and HIV‐unexposed infants in South Africa during 2015‐2017
Authors: Liu Hui , Lu Bin , Tabor David E. , Tovchigrechko Andrey , Wilkins Deidre , Jin Hong , Madhi Shabir A. , Soofie Nasiha , Esser Mark T. , Nunes Marta C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundRSV is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Monitoring RSV glycoprotein sequences is critical for understanding RSV epidemiology and viral antigenicity in the effort to develop anti‐RSV prophylactics and therapeutics.ObjectivesThe objective is to characterize the circulating RSV strains collected from infants in South Africa during 2015‐2017.MethodsA subset of 150 RSV‐positive samples obtained in South Africa from HIV‐unexposed and HIV‐exposed‐uninfected infants from 2015 to 2017, were selected for high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing of the RSV F and G glycoprotein genes. The RSV G and F sequences were analyzed by a bioinformatic pipeline and compared to the USA samples from the same three‐year period.ResultsBoth RSV A and RSV B co‐circulated in South Africa during 2015‐2017, with a shift from RSV A (58%‐61% in 2015‐2016) to RSV B (69%) in 2017. RSV A ON1 and RSV B BA9 genotypes emerged as the most prevalent genotypes in 2017. Variations at the F protein antigenic sites were observed for both RSV A and B strains, with dominant changes (L172Q/S173L) at antigenic site V observed in RSV B strains. RSV A and B F protein sequences from South Africa were very similar to the USA isolates except for a higher rate of RSV A NA1 and RSV B BA10 genotypes in South Africa.ConclusionRSV G and F genes continue to evolve and exhibit both local and global circulation patterns in South Africa, supporting the need for continued national surveillance.
Autonomous vessels: state of the art and potential opportunities in logistics
Authors: Gu Yewen , Goez Julio Cesar , Guajardo Mario , Wallace Stein W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe growth in technology on autonomous transportation systems is currently motivating a number of research initiatives. This paper first presents a survey of the literature on autonomous marine vessels in general. By identifying the main research interests in this field, we define 10 thematic categories. The collected articles are then classified according to these categories. We show that research on autonomous vessels has increased dramatically in the past decade. However, most of the published articles have focused on navigation control and safety issues. Studies regarding other topics, such as transport and logistics, are very limited. Although our main interest is the literature on autonomous vessels, we contrast its development with respect to the literature on autonomous cars so as to have a better understanding about the future potentials in the research on autonomous vessels. The comparison shows that there are great opportunities for research about transportation and logistics with autonomous vessels. Finally, several potential research areas regarding logistics with autonomous vessels are proposed. As the technology behind remote‐controlled or autonomous ships is maturing rapidly, we believe that it is already time for researchers in the field to start looking into future water‐borne transport and logistics using autonomous vessels.
Nerve Block Use after Hip Fracture Versus Elective Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Neuman Mark D. , Elkassabany Nabil M. , Ochroch Jason , Newcomb Craig , Brensinger Colleen , Mehta Samir , Gaskins Lakisha J. , Lane‐Fall Meghan B. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESAlthough peripheral nerve blocks are associated with improved pain control and end outcomes among older adults with hip fracture, their current utilization among US hip fracture patients is not well understood. We characterized contemporary use of peripheral nerve blocks after hip fracture over time and identified predictors of nerve block receipt.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study of claims data from one large national private US insurer.SETTINGUS acute care hospitals.PARTICIPANTSA total of 94 985 adults aged 50 years and older hospitalized for a femoral neck, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric fracture; 409 263 adults aged 50 years and older hospitalized for elective hip or knee arthroplasty between 2004 and 2016.MEASUREMENTSReceipt of a peripheral nerve block for pain control, based on Current Procedural Terminology codes in physician service claims.RESULTSOverall, 2874 hip fracture patients (3.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.9‐3.1) received a nerve block for pain control, and the percentage receiving a block increased from .4% in 2004‐2006 (95% CI = .3%‐.6%) to 4.6% in 2013‐2016 (95% CI = 4.4%‐4.8%; P < .001). The adjusted odds of receiving a nerve block was lower for patients with vs without dementia (odds ratio [OR] = .88; 95% CI = .80‐.98; P = .02) and among patients aged 75 to 84 vs 64 years or younger (OR = .86; 95% CI = .74‐1.00; P = .02). The odds of nerve block receipt did not vary according to race, ethnicity, fracture location, or most other common comorbidities. Compared with patients with hip fracture, the adjusted odds of nerve block receipt were 2 times higher among patients undergoing elective hip replacement and more than 30 times higher among patients undergoing elective knee replacement.CONCLUSIONAlthough use of peripheral nerve blocks for pain control after hip fracture has increased over time, fewer than 5 of every 100 patients hospitalized with hip fracture currently receive a peripheral nerve block, suggesting possible underuse. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:835–840, 2020
Maneuvering Through a Birth Complicated by Shoulder Dystocia
Authors: Sahrphillips J. Frances , Van Hoover Cheri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractShoulder dystocia is an unpredictable intrapartum emergency with potentially devastating consequences. In this article, the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical management of shoulder dystocia are reviewed; institutional readiness and potential legal implications are discussed. Also considered are posttraumatic stress disorder and secondary traumatic stress, adverse psychological consequences that may be experienced by women, midwives, and other intrapartum care providers, including staff.
Extract of Plumbago zeylanica enhances the growth of hair follicle dermal papilla cells with down‐regulation of 5α‐reductase type II
Authors: Yamada Natsuki , Miki Kensuke , Yamaguchi Yoko , Takauji Yuki , Yamakami Yoshimi , Hossain Mohammad Nazir , Ayusawa Dai , Fujii Michihiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCellular senescence, a phenomenon of irreversible growth arrest of mammalian cells, is involved in various age‐related phenomena in organisms. Hair follicle dermal papilla (DP) cells play important roles in the regulation of hair growth and loss.AimsWe examined the implication of cellular senescence of DP cells in androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common form of male hair loss, and searched for the compounds that have a beneficial effect on the prevention of AGA.Patients/MethodsExpression of the 5α‐reductase type II (SRD5A2) gene, which plays a key role in the development of AGA, was examined by quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting analysis in DP cells. Besides, DP cells were cultured with the extracts of herbs used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to search for the compounds that have a beneficial effect on the growth of DP cells.ResultsWe found that expression of the SRD5A2 was up‐regulated in senescent DP cells. We also found that the herbal extract of Plumbago zeylanica (root) enhanced the growth of DP cells and down‐regulated the expression of SRD5A2 in DP cells. Further, plumbagin, an ingredient of P zeylanica, would be responsible for the above effects of P zeylanica.ConclusionThese results suggested the possibility that senescent DP cells may have a role in the development of AGA through up‐regulating SRD5A2 expression, and the P zeylanica extract and plumbagin may suppress its development through enhancing the growth of DP cells and down‐regulating SRD5A2 expression in DP cells.
In vitro adherence of Candida albicans to zirconia surfaces
Authors: Zupancic Cepic Lana , Dvorak Gabriella , Piehslinger Eva , Georgopoulos Apostolos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize surface properties such as roughness (Ra) and surface‐free energy (SFE) of glazed and polished yttria‐stabilized zirconia and to evaluate in vitro adherence of fungus Candida albicans and salivary bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, mixed with C. albicans to these substrata. Additionally, the influence of salivary proteins (albumin, mucin and α‐amylase) on yeast adhesion was studied.Material and methodsRa and SFE of glazed and polished zirconia discs were measured. Specimens were wetted with saliva and salivary proteins prior to incubation with C. albicans and mixed suspension of C. albicans and S. epidermidis for 24 hr, respectively. Microbial adhesion was quantified by counting colony‐forming units (CFU). Differences in physicochemical properties were proved by t test. “Linear mixed model” with the factors “type of surface” and “wetting media” was applied to analyse the effects on fungal adhesion (p < .05).ResultsSFE and Ra of glazed specimens were significantly higher than corresponding values of polished ones. The wetting media significantly changed the fungal binding (p = .0016). Significantly higher quantities of adhering fungi were found after mucin incubation compared to saliva (p = .004). For the factor “surface” as well as the interaction between “surface” and “wetting media,” no statistically significant differences have been found. In mixed suspension, the growth of Candida was completely prevented.ConclusionsGlazed and polished zirconia differs in terms of physicochemical surface properties. These differences appear to be modulated by pellicle coating affecting the biomass of adhered Candida. Mucin seems to be good binding sites for adhesion of C. albicans.
Effects of Photobiomodulation with Low‐level Laser Therapy on Muscle Repair Following a Peripheral Nerve Injury in Wistar Rats
Authors: Andreo Lucas , Ribeiro Beatriz G. , Alves Agnelo N. , Martinelli Andréia S.A. , Soldera Carla B. , Horliana Anna Carolina R.T. , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Fernandes Kristianne P.S. , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) can lead to sensory and/or motor impairment. As a treatment photobiomodulation (PBM) has demonstrated positive effects in terms of the maintenance of muscle activation and trophism. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control, injury, injury + PBMn (irradiation over injured nerve), injury + PBMm (irradiation over affected muscle) and injury + PBMnm (irradiation over nerve and muscle). The left sciatic nerve was submitted to a crushing injury. Treatment was administered with low‐level laser (780 nm, 0.04 cm2, 1 W cm−2, 3.2 J) over the injured nerve and/or the tibialis anterior muscle. The effects of PBM were favorable on muscle morphology and gene expression of calcineurin, myogenin and acetylcholine receptors. PBM led to an acceleration on muscle repair process, and effects were more evident in 2 weeks after PNI. Thus, PBM is indicated for the area over both the injured nerve and the affected muscle.
Storage regimes to allow softening in a processing apple treated with 1-methylcyclopropene
Authors: DeEll Jennifer R. , Lum Geoffrey B. 
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storage regime and postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment timing on softening of ‘Northern Spy’ apples, to determine if ideal firmness for processing could be achieved after storage while at the same time maintaining fruit quality and extending storage life. Over 4 yr of study, ‘Northern Spy’ apples with or without 1-MCP (1 μL L−1) were held for up to 12.5 mo at 0 °C–1 °C in the following regimes: (1) controlled atmosphere (CA) with or without 2 wk post-storage ambient air; (2) ambient air or CA; (3) CA with up to 6 mo delayed 1-MCP treatment; (4) delayed CA establishment for up to 4 mo; (5) delayed 1-MCP treatment in combination with delayed CA establishment for 1 or 2 mo. 1-MCP treatment at harvest consistently enhanced firmness retention, which remained too high for processing. Delayed 1-MCP treatment allowed more firmness loss but fruit remained firmer than those not treated, and these apples would be acceptable for subsequent processing (∼67–72 N). 1-MCP-treated fruit developed higher incidence of core browning than those not treated, especially after 6 mo of storage. However, this is not a major problem for processing because core tissue is removed. Delayed CA within any regime did not result in apples with firmness values acceptable for processing, while additional air storage for 2 wk at 0 °C after CA had no significant effect. Overall, delayed 1-MCP treatment with no delay in CA provided the most acceptable apple firmness for processing.
Inter-Particle Electronic and Ionic Modifications of the Ternary Ni-Co-Mn Oxide for Efficient and Stable Lithium Storage
Authors: Zhu Yanbin , Zhou Yingke , Tian Xiaohui , Huang Xiao , Yu Runqi , Wu Guan , Chen George Z. 
Published: March 2020

A combined electronic and ionic interparticular modification strategy is designed for the improvement of lithium storage in the layer structured ternary Ni-Co-Mn oxide (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) in the form of spherical particles. In this design, a thin layer of the ion conducting polypropylene carbonate is applied to wrap the individual oxide particles for three purposes: (1) prevention of direct stacking and packing between oxide particles that will otherwise impede or block ions from accessing all the surface of the oxide particles, (2) provision of additional ionic pathways between the oxide particles, and (3) stabilization of the oxide particles during lithium storage and release. The design includes also the use of nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes for electronic connection between the polymer coated individual spheres of the layered nickel-rich LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2. According to the physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations, and laboratory battery tests, it can be concluded that the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 composite has a unique porous structure that is assembled by the polymer coated ternary oxide microspheres and the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube networks. Significant improvements are achieved in both the ionic and electronic conductivities (double or more increase), and in discharge specific capacity (201.3 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 C, improved by 13.28% compared to the non-modified LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2), rate performance and cycling stability (94.40% in capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1.0 C).
Regulatory T Cells Keep Pancreatic Cancer at Bay
Authors: Aykut Berk , Chen Ruonan , Miller George 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSummary:Although CD4+ FOXP3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells are well-known mediators of immunologic tolerance, their influences in the tumor microenviroment are incompletely understood. Writing in this issue of Cancer Discovery, Zhang and colleagues demonstrate that in pancreatic cancer, Treg cells promote the differentiation of tumor-restraining myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts, challenging the existing notion that Treg cells enable tumor progression.See related article by Zhang et al., p. 422.
Interferon-Induced IDO1 Mediates Radiation Resistance and Is a Therapeutic Target in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Baosheng , Alvarado David M. , Iticovici Micah , Kau Nathan S. , Park Haeseong , Parikh Parag J. , Thotala Dinesh , Ciorba Matthew A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy and radiation remain standard treatment for locally advanced disease, with current immune-targeting therapies applying to only a small subset of patients. Expression of the immuno-oncology target indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is associated with poor colorectal cancer clinical outcomes but is understudied as a potential treatment target. In this study, we examined the interaction between the IDO1 pathway and radiotherapy in colorectal cancer. We used human and mouse colorectal cancer cell lines, organoids, mouse syngeneic colorectal cancer tumor graft models, and colorectal cancer tissues from patients who received radiotherapy. IDO1 activity was blocked using the clinical IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat and by genetic disruption. We found that radiation induced IDO1 overexpression in colorectal cancer through type I and II IFN signaling. IDO1 enzymatic activity directly influenced colorectal cancer radiation sensitivity. IDO1 inhibition sensitized colorectal cancer to radiation-induced cell death, whereas the IDO1 metabolite kynurenine promoted radioprotection. IDO1 inhibition also potentiated Th1 cytokines and myeloid cell–modulating factors in the tumor microenvironment and promoted an abscopal effect on tumors outside the radiation field. Conversely, IDO1 blockade protected the normal small intestinal epithelium from radiation toxicity and accelerated recovery from radiation-induced weight loss, indicating a role in limiting side effects. These data demonstrated that IDO1 inhibition potentiates radiotherapy effectiveness in colorectal cancer. The findings also provide rationale and mechanistic insight for the study of IDO1 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy to radiation in patients with locally advanced sporadic and colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
Chasing Money: Tourist-Induced Labor Migration and Pentecostal Teachings of Success in Zanzibar
Authors: Olsson Hans 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article explores the role of Pentecostal-Charismatic teachings of growth and success in the context of Christian labor migrants’ efforts to “make it” in the predominantly Muslim society of Zanzibar. The study ethnographically assesses how dreams of making money and accumulating wealth in the islands’ growing tourist economy are addressed in teachings on how to mature spiritually through a combination of classic holiness living and ideas of how to reach and maximize people’s inner potential. Tracing the different theological ideas behind the promise of successfully attaining the good life suggests that the view of how prosperity is communicated within Pentecostal-Charismatic Christianity in Africa needs to be nuanced in light of its diversity as well as in relation to local contextual circumstances. Thus, the case underlines how neo-Pentecostal ideas of realizing potential mingle with classic Pentecostal teachings emphasizing striving and hard work which, in Zanzibar, stress time and endurance in order to become a successful migrant in both material and spiritual terms.
Development of a checklist for the detection of degenerative joint disease-associated pain in cats
Authors: Enomoto Masataka , Lascelles B Duncan X , Gruen Margaret E 
Published: March 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based, clinically expedient checklist to identify cats likely to have degenerative joint disease (DJD)-associated pain. Methods Data were compiled from previously conducted studies that employed a standardized subjective outcome measure consisting of a series of questions. These studies included a prevalence study (with DJD non-informed owners) and therapeutic trials (with DJD-informed owners). For each cat, and each question, response scores were converted to ‘impaired’ and ‘unimpaired’. Cats were categorized as ‘DJD pain’ and ‘non-DJD’ based on orthopedic pain and radiographic DJD scores. These binary data were compared between cat phenotypes (non-DJD and DJD pain) for each question. Sensitivity and specificity of each question were calculated using the binary data; based on this, potential questions for the checklist were selected. Sensitivity and specificity across this group of questions were calculated, and questions sequentially removed to optimize length, sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the proposed checklist was applied to a novel data set to evaluate its ability to identify cats with DJD pain. Results In total, 249 DJD pain cats and 53 non-DJD cats from five studies were included. Nine questions with adequate sensitivity and specificity were initially identified. Following sequential removal of questions, a checklist with six binary questions was proposed. Based on the data from the cohorts of DJD-informed and DJD non-informed owners, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed checklist were approximately 99% and 100%, and 55% and 97%, respectively. Conclusions and relevance The proposed checklist represents a data-driven approach to construct a screening checklist for DJD pain in cats. This checklist provides a clinically expedient tool likely to increase veterinarians’ ability to screen for DJD pain in cats. The identified behaviors comprising the checklist may further provide a foundation for increasing awareness of DJD pain among cat owners.
Association of adherence to antiretroviral therapy with economic burden of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected population
Authors: Liao Chia-Te , Yang Chun-Ting , Chen Pin-Hao , Toh Han Siong , Kuo Shihchen , Chen Zhih-Cherng , Ou Huang-Tz , Ko Nai-Ying , Wang Jung-Der 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
There is a lack of studies that rigorously and systematically assess the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) related to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to assess the association between adherence to ART and economic burden of CVDs in an HIV-infected population.

Methods
Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database 2000–2011 was utilized for analyzing 18,071 HIV-infected patients free of CVDs before HIV diagnosis. The level of adherence to ART was measured by the medication possession ratio (MPR). Generalized estimating equations analysis was applied to estimate the cost impact of a variety of CVDs. All costs were presented in 2018 US dollars.

Results
The incidence of CVDs ranged from 0.17/1000 person-years (cardiogenic shock) to 2.60/1000 person-years (ischemic heart diseases (IHDs)). The mean annual medical cost for a base-case patient without CVDs was US$3000. Having cerebrovascular diseases, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, and IHDs increased annual costs by 41%, 33%, 30%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. The cost impact of incident CVDs in years with high adherence to ART (MPR ≥ 0.8) was significantly lower than that in years with low adherence (MPR &lt; 0.1) (e.g. having cerebrovascular diseases in the high- versus low-adherence years increased annual costs by 21% versus 259%, respectively).

Conclusion
The economic burden of incident CVDs in an HIV-infected population was compelling and varied by the extent of using ART. A reduced economic impact of CVDs was found in years when patients possessed a greater adherence to ART.