bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented reality for rhinoplasty: 3D scanning and projected AR for intraoperative planning validation
Authors: Autelitano Martina , Cattari Nadia , Carbone Marina , Cutolo Fabrizio , Montemurro Nicola , Cigna Emanuele , Ferrari Vincenzo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRhinoplasty is one of the major surgical procedures most popular and it is generally performed modelling the internal bones and cartilage using a closed approach to reduce the damage of soft tissue, whose final shape is determined by means of their new settlement over the internal remodelled rigid structures. An optimal planning, achievable thanks to advanced acquisition of 3D images and thanks to the virtual simulation of the intervention via specific software. Anyway, the final result depends also on factors that cannot be totally predicted regarding the settlement of soft tissues on the rigid structures, and a final objective check would be useful to eventually perform some adjustments before to conclude the intervention. The main idea of the present work is the using of 3D scan to acquire directly in the surgical room the final shape of the nose and to show the surgeon the differences respect to the planning in an intuitive way using augmented reality (AR) to show false colours directly over the patient face. This work motivates the selection of the devices integrated in our system, both from a technical and an ergonomic point of view, whose global error, evaluated on an anthropomorphic phantom, is lower than ± 1.2 mm with a confidence interval of 95%, while the mean error in detecting depth thickness variations is 0.182 mm.
Space charge characteristics and dielectric properties of PANI/PP‐g‐MAH/PP ternary composite
Authors: Li Guochang , Liu Tianzhen , Gu Zhenlu , Chen Xiaolong , Sun Beibei , Zhu Yuanwei , Li Shengtao , Wei Yanhui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpace charge accumulation in polypropylene materials for direct current capacitor will accelerate the ageing of the materials, resulting in the degradation of their insulation properties. Besides, it will also affect the dielectric properties of the capacitor in a long term. In this paper, a ternary composite of polyaniline (PANI)/maleic anhydride functionalised PP (PP‐g‐MAH)/polypropylene (PP) based on the PANI@ dopamine (PDA) coating structure is constructed from two perspectives of PP matrix grafting and PANI nano particle. This method takes advantage of the high permittivity and good compatibility of PANI to improve the relative dielectric constant of the composite while introducing deep traps inside the composite to inhibit space charge accumulation coating. The experimental results show that with the increase in PANI content, the maximum relative permittivity can be increased by 62%. The addition of the appropriate amount of PANI can effectively inhibit the space charge accumulation. The relative dielectric constant of the composite decreases significantly due to the heteropolar space charge. The relative dielectric constant of the modified polyaniline composites decreased significantly. The reduction rate decreased from 38% before modification to 12% after modification. This work has certain guiding significance for solving space charge problem of direct current capacitor.
Discharge image reconstruction and frequency domain analysis based on event data
Authors: Yuan Quan , Deng Lei , Guo Hao , Lyu Qishen , Zhang Xin , Wu Jibin , Deng Yu , Zhou Hongyang , Wang Xilin , Jia Zhidong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOptical image method has been the earliest and most used direct method for observing gas discharge. Currently, research on gas discharge monitoring based on visible light mainly relies on high‐speed cameras, but the large size, significant data storage requirements, and susceptibility to interference from complex backgrounds and lighting conditions limit their further application. Dynamic vision sensing (DVS) technology is a neuromorphic sensing technology that asynchronously measures the luminance changes at each pixel. It offers advantages such as a large dynamic range (>120 dB), high temporal resolution (up to 1 µs), and small data volume (MB level). In this study, dynamic vision sensing technology was employed to monitor both 30 mm short‐gaps and 1080 mm long‐gaps discharge processes simultaneously. This study developed the CountImage encoding method for event data and conducted image reconstruction, time‐domain analysis, and frequency‐domain characteristic analysis based on the event data. The results show that the event‐reconstructed images are highly consistent with the high‐speed camera images, and the arc development process and its path can also be clearly observed. Additionally, this study discovered a correlation between the electrical characteristics and event information during the discharge process. In the time domain, the duration of the maximum DVS event count closely matches the duration during which the voltage drops to zero during flashover. In the frequency domain, the Pearson correlation coefficient between the event stream spectrum and the voltage signal spectrum is greater than 0.95. Both the maximum number of brightening events (ONmax) and the maximum number of darkening events (OFFmax) are positively correlated with the voltage applied between the electrodes. This study demonstrates that, compared to the GB/s data rate of high‐speed cameras, this approach can record the discharge process and accurately reconstruct the discharge process, arc morphology, and discharge path at MB/s data rates, while also adapting to changes in brightness without the need for exposure adjustment. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the frequency‐domain characteristics of the event data and the voltage characteristics. These results indicate that dynamic vision sensing holds promise as a replacement for high‐speed cameras in laboratory discharge observations and could be even effectively applied to discharge monitoring in electrical equipment in real grid.
Lip Reconstruction
Authors: Owens Winston R. , Quirarte Diego M. , Gillipelli Srinithya R. , Layon Sarah A. , Bovill John D. , Dvoracek Lucas A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLip reconstruction is challenging for plastic surgeons due to the unique functionality and aesthetic complexity of the lips within the lower third of the face. The etiology of lip defects varies from congenital to acquired causes of origin. The most common acquired cause of lip defects is resection of malignancy. Defects can present as various shapes and sizes and may affect any location on the lip. Each defect requires a full workup, and algorithms such as the rule of thirds, are commonly used to swiftly identify optimal reconstructive options. The goal of lip reconstruction is to ensure oral competence while restoring intricate, cutaneous landmarks. The approach to lip reconstruction makes use of many rungs of the reconstructive ladder. This article primarily focuses on repairing lip defects secondary to Mohs surgery; however, the reconstructive methods discussed are useful for lip defects of all causes. This article will review lip defect evaluation, reconstructive methods, common complications, and adjuvant therapies to ensure optimal lip function and cosmesis.
Judging Surgical Quality in Facial Reconstruction
Authors: McAllister Lauren , Yim Nicholas , Thornton James F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractJudging surgical quality within facial reconstruction is challenging for many reasons. Factors beyond the completion of surgery influence the quality of the result, demanding the surgeon to predict and mitigate potential confounders of quality. This skill is honed over years of experience and practice. Patient satisfaction, risk profile, and the ideals within the field are central to understanding the quality of the outcome.
Discourse theory and the turn to practice
Authors: De Cleen Benjamin , Glynos Jason , Goyvaerts Jana , Stavrakakis Yannis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This introductory article to the special issue on Discourse Theory and the Turn to Practice, takes the questions
and tensions identified through the intensive study of populism as starting point for reflections on Discourse Theory as a
framework for the study of political practice more broadly. Its aims are partly organizational and partly agenda-setting.
Organizationally, it draws together major discussions and developments in Discourse Theory over the last ten years or so,
especially those produced through an engagement with populism. Building on this, it points toward new frontiers for the
development of Discourse Theory, organized around three dimensions of what could be called a ‘turn to practice’: (i) beyond
ontology, (ii) beyond language, and (iii) beyond populism and (antagonistic) politics. After discussing how each of them play out
in the study of populism, the article reflects on what taking seriously such a ‘turn to practice’ would mean for DT.
Optimal design of experiments in the context of machine-learning inter-atomic potentials: improving the efficiency and transferability of kernel based methods
Authors: Barzdajn Bartosz , P Race Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Data-driven machine learning (ML) models of atomistic interactions are often based on flexible and non-physical functions that can relate nuanced aspects of atomic arrangements to predictions of energies and forces. As a result, these potentials are only as good as the training data (usually the results of so-called ab initio simulations), and we need to ensure that we have enough information to make a model sufficiently accurate, reliable and transferable. The main challenge stems from the fact that descriptors of chemical environments are often sparse, high-dimensional objects without a well-defined continuous metric. Therefore, it is rather unlikely that any ad hoc method for selecting training examples will be indiscriminate, and it is easy to fall into the trap of confirmation bias, where the same narrow and biased sampling is used to generate training and test sets. We will show that an approach derived from classical concepts of statistical planning of experiments and optimal design can help to mitigate such problems at a relatively low computational cost. The key feature of the method we will investigate is that it allows us to assess the quality of the data without obtaining reference energies and forces—a so-called offline approach. In other words, we are focusing on an approach that is easy to implement and does not require sophisticated frameworks that involve automated access to high performance computing.
Customized calibration sources in the JUNO experiment
Authors: Takenaka A. , Hui J. , Li R. , Hao S. , Huang J. , Lai H. , Li Y. , Liu J. , Meng Y. , Qian Z. , Wang H. , Xiang Z. , Yuan Z. , Yun Y. , Zhang F. , Zhang T. , Zhang Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We customized a laser calibration system and four
radioactive γ-ray calibration sources for the Jiangmen
Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20-kton liquid
scintillator-based neutrino detector. The laser source system was
updated to realize the isotropic light emission timing within
±0.25 nsec level and to allow the tuning of the laser intensity
covering more than four orders of magnitude. In addition, methods
to prepare four different radioactive sources (18F,
40K, 226Ra, and 241Am), covering
energies from 0 (10) keV to
0 (1) MeV, for the JUNO
detector were established in this study. The radioactivity of each
source and the risk of radioactive substance leaking into the
detector from the source were confirmed to meet the experimental
requirements.
Rethinking the impact of water-saving technologies and market incentives: lessons from Mercy Corps’ water innovation technologies program
Authors: Savelli Elisa , Hess Meredith , Rossell Emma Lucia Méndez , Osorio-Cortes Luis Ernesto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the face of unrelenting water crises, water-saving technologies (WSTs) are increasingly relied upon as a paradigm for managing scarce water resources in the agricultural sector. This approach is gaining momentum in international forums and among development practitioners focused on improving the sustainability and efficiency of their water security interventions. Following this trend, the integration of market incentives to foster the uptake of WSTs is not surprising. However, recent literature on WSTs and related incentives paints an ambiguous picture of the impact these technologies can have. On one hand, there is evidence that supports the efficacy of market incentives in promoting water-saving practices and the adoption of WSTs. On the other hand, there are also concerns about the potential adverse consequences of introducing WSTs, including promoting unsustainable water consumption and exacerbating inequalities. This study focuses on Mercy Corps’ water innovation technologies program in Jordan, a country grappling with severe water scarcity. It specifically examines how market mechanisms played a crucial role in saving approximately 24 million cubic meters of water, equivalent to around 9500 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Driven by this significant achievement, the study delves deeper into the efficacy of market-based approaches, while also considering their potential limitations. The conclusion offers a critical perspective on how the promotion of WSTs through market-based approaches can ensure that water savings contribute to both environmental sustainability and human well-being. In particular, Mercy Corps’ practitioner perspective advocates for governance reforms that limit and prevent unsustainable consumption, facilitate and ensure equitable access to WSTs, and promote the fair redistribution of water savings across different users.
Unveiling the Shadows: Interconnection of client violence and turnover intention in Chinese social work chain-mediated effects of fear and affective commitment
Authors: Zhao Yanyan , Li Yukun , Qin Haibo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The client violence faced by social workers has been widely acknowledged, but research on the impact of client violence on turnover intention is scarce. Therefore, this study constructed a chain mediation model by incorporating two variables, fear and emotional commitment, from social workers’ psychological profiles. A questionnaire survey involving 602 social workers in central China yielded the following findings: (1) Client violence significantly and positively predicted turnover intention. (2) Fear and affective commitment serve as mediators between client violence and turnover intention. (3) Fear and affective commitment operated as chain mediators in the association between client violence and turnover intention. Specifically, client violence increases turnover intention by elevating the level of fear and decreasing affective commitment. The findings highlight the mechanism of the negative impact of client violence on turnover intention. Future practice should focus more on the psychological well-being of social workers and develop appropriate support to address the impact of client violence more effectively.
Coevolution and Adaptation of Transition Nuclear Proteins and Protamines in Naturally Ascrotal Mammals Support the Black Queen Hypothesis
Authors: Chai Simin , Kang Jieqiong , Wu Tianzhen , Zheng Yu , Zhou Xu , Xu Shixia , Ren Wenhua , Yang Guang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Protamines (PRMs) and transition nuclear proteins (TNPs) are two key classes of sperm nuclear basic proteins that regulate chromatin reorganization and condensation in the spermatozoon head, playing crucial roles in mammalian spermatogenesis. In scrotal mammals, such as humans, cryptorchidism, the failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac is generally associated with higher rates of defective spermatozoon quality and function. However, ascrotal mammals, such as cetaceans, with naturally undescended testes, produce normal spermatozoa similar to their scrotal counterparts. This study investigates the evolutionary pattern and functional changes in PRMs and TNPs to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in naturally ascrotal mammals. Although we found a conserved genomic arrangement for PRM and TNP genes across mammals, the coevolutionary loss of intact PRM2 and TNP2 was observed in several species, correlating significantly with diverse testicular positions. Notably, in cetaceans, which lack intact PRM2 and TNP2, we detected enhanced thermostability and DNA binding in PRM1, along with superior DNA repair capability in TNP1. These findings suggest that gene loss of PRM2 and TNP2, combined with functional enhancements in PRM1 and TNP1 proteins, evolved in response to physiological challenges posed by natural cryptorchidism in most ascrotal lineages. This evolutionary strategy enhances chromatin condensation efficiency and promotes DNA repair during spermatogenesis in natural cryptorchid mammals, supporting the Black Queen Hypothesis.
Maternal and perinatal mortality: geospatial analysis of inequality in pregnancy related and perinatal mortality in Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Sisay Mulugeta , Weitkamp Gerd , Tura Abera Kenay , Wong Kerry Lm , Stekelenburg Jelle , Biesma Regien 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While there is ample evidence of the overall reduction in perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality in Ethiopia, it remains uncertain if geographic disparities have diminished. This study aimed to investigate perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality spatial distributions, trends over time, and factors associated with the distribution in Ethiopia. We used data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016. In each survey, around 15 500 women aged 15–49 years were interviewed from about 550 neighborhoods randomly sampled from across the country. Perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality were used as outcome variables. We carried out an optimized hotspot analysis using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic in ArcGIS Pro to identify the time trend of geographical clusters with high (hot spot) and low (cold spot) perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality. In addition, we conducted a geographically weighted Poisson regression in R to examine the factors associated with the spatial distribution of perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality. Perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality exhibited a clustering pattern, indicating the presence of geographic inequality, with a decreasing pattern from 2000 to 2016. We detected hotspot areas in developed administrative regions of Amhara, Oromia, and Southern Nations, indicating inequality within large regions. Inequality in perinatal mortality was associated with rural residence, younger age of women, and high birth rate, whereas pregnancy-related mortality was associated with low autonomy, younger age, and anemia. We found that anemia (P-value = .01) has a geographically varying relationship with perinatal mortality, while education (P-value = .03) and wealth (P-value = 0.01) are associated with pregnancy-related mortality. While there has been a reduction during the study period, geographical disparities in perinatal and pregnancy-related mortality still persist. Therefore, targeting intervention programs in areas where spatial inequalities still persist is essential for effectively utilizing scarce resources.
Partially replacing dietary starch with soybean oil improved production performance of weaned Rex rabbits
Authors: Gong Ruiguang , Chen Yuan , Li Zhen , Zhang Rui , Song Bing , Wang Shuhui , Dong Xianggui , Ren Zhanjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The differences between the high-starch diet commonly used in rabbit farming and the natural feeding habits of rabbits may pose certain health risks. In our study, we replaced part of the starch in the feed with soybean oil and conducted a four-week feeding trial with weaned Rex rabbits. The results indicated that rabbits fed the oil-supplemented diet had a lower incidence of diarrhea, improved growth performance, and higher feed conversion efficiency, along with increased absorptive capacity of small intestine. Additionally, the composition of the cecal contents and fermentation patterns were altered; the concentration of ammonia in the cecum and the proportion of acetate among volatile fatty acids decreased, while the proportion of butyrate increased. Furthermore, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the cecum decreased, along with reductions in hepatic urea synthesis activity and urinary nitrogen excretion. These findings suggest that replacing part of the dietary starch with oil can enhance the production efficiency of Rex rabbits.
Radionuclide physics
Authors: DiFilippo Frank P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Atoms are the smallest building blocks of everyday matter and consist of a central nucleus containing tightly bound protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons. The nucleus and electrons both are arranged in shells having distinct energy levels. A lower energy configuration can be reached through a nuclear or atomic transformation, often involving the emission of a photon. A nuclide has a specified number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. The number of protons specifies a nuclide’s chemical element, and an element may have multiple isotopes with different numbers of neutrons. Although many isotopes are stable, others are unstable, decaying spontaneously, with a characteristic half-life, into a more stable nuclide and emitting particles and/or photons. Single photons arising from radionuclide decay, or paired photons arising from positron emission, may be imaged by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET), respectively.
Radionuclide imaging in clinical cardiology
Authors: Jaber Wael A. , Buechel Ronny R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The sensitivity and specificity of myocardial perfusion imaging or any diagnostic testing is, in general, dependent on the pretest likelihood of disease in the patient population, as well as on the diagnostic performance of the test. Myocardial perfusion imaging is used to diagnose and predict the presence of coronary artery disease in patients without known coronary disease, or to assess the extent and severity of perfusion defects in patients with established or known coronary disease. Furthermore, this non-invasive test can be used in symptomatic and asymptomatic, as well as in low, intermediate, or high likelihood of, coronary disease. The implications of referring patients for myocardial perfusion imaging testing, without understanding the performance characteristics of the test in various populations, can result in compromised sensitivity and specificity of the test and in unnecessary downstream invasive testing. This chapter will cover Bayesian probabilities, appropriate use criteria, and comparative performance to other tests of myocardial perfusion imaging.
Radionuclide imaging in ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Buechel Ronny R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the rationale for performing diagnostic imaging in suspected chronic coronary syndromes and the importance of pretest probability in this setting. Furthermore, evidence is presented on the diagnostic and prognostic performance of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging and how these modalities allow for tailored patient management to improve outcomes. Furthermore, tips are provided on how to perform clinically meaningful reporting from imaging studies, and finally the role of ischaemia testing in the setting of unstable coronary artery disease is briefly presented.