bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft Malleable Vesicles: versatile carriers for efficient topical delivery of fungal therapeutics
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Jha Antesh Kumar , Prasad Mahesh , Kushwaha Poonam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFungal infections have become a subject of great concern and the incidence of fungal infections is increasing, presenting an enormous challenge to healthcare professionals. Since most of the fungal infections are occurring over the skin, the treatment option of these infections always involves topical application. However, in topical delivery drug reaches into systemic circulation through different barriers of skin. Nevertheless, due to the low permeability, skin restricts the movement of many drugs. Hence, a delivery system is required, which deliver the medicament into the skin layers or through the skin and into the systemic circulation. Ethosomes or Soft malleable vesicles are the novel lipid vesicular carrier that offer improved skin permeability and efficient delivery due to their structure and composition. They contain high concentration of ethanol, which increases the fluidity of the skin. Therefore, in the present paper, we have explored the utility of ethosomal systems in the topical treatment of fungal infections. Structure, compositions types, mechanism and techniques of preparation of ethosome also discussed in the paper.
Microsurgical Resection of a Large Dumbbell-Shaped Jugular Foramen Schwannoma via Infralabyrinthine, Retrofacial, and Transjugular Approach
Authors: Abe Daisu , Aoyagi Masaru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurgical removal of large jugular foramen schwannomas with intra- and extracranial extension is challenging. The treatment goal is a gross total resection of the tumor without causing surgical complications, including facial nerve paresis, hearing disturbance, dysphagia, hoarseness, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, in addition to the brain stem injury.We present a surgical video in a patient with a dumbbell-shaped glossopharyngeal schwannoma. The combination of posterior fossa craniotomy, mastoidectomy, and unroofing of the jugular foramen with high cervical exposure was selected. Although transposition of the mastoid segment of the facial nerve provides an excellent surgical corridor, it may affect normal facial nerve function. Sufficient drilling of the infralabyrinthine, retrofacial area of the mastoid without facial nerve transposition is important for the safe gross total removal of the tumor. Subcapsular removal behind the jugular vein is also important for preservation of the lower cranial nerve functions.The patient underwent a gross total removal of the tumor (Figs. 1 and 2). Facial nerve function was preserved and hearing disturbance improved. Although dysphagia and hoarseness complicated postoperatively, he became able to take foods orally 16 days after the surgery.In summary, successful removal of a large dumbbell-shaped jugular foramen tumor can be completed via infralabyrinthine, retrofacial, and transjugular approach without facial nerve transposition.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/U4CwOW78id4.
Uso do aplicativo móvel Bone Ninja como ferramenta de avaliação e simulação pré-operatória em pacientes submetidos a osteotomia tibial alta
Authors: Kaul Rajiv , Akhoon Neha 
Published: November 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Nosso objetivo foi facilitar a simulação da correção no pré-operatório para permitir a tomada de decisão médico-paciente compartilhada em indivíduos submetidos a osteotomia tibial alta (OTA).
Método 22 pacientes foram submetidos a osteotomia tibial alta usando dispositivos de fixação internos ou externos para osteoartrite do compartimento medial do joelho. No pré-operatório, a avaliação dos parâmetros de deformidade e a simulação da osteotomia corretiva foram realizadas na presença do paciente, utilizando Bone Ninja. No pós-operatório, o nível de satisfação do paciente com a qualidade da explicação fornecida pelo uso deste software foi avaliado usando o Questionário de Satisfação do Paciente (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-short, PSQ-18, na sigla em inglês). Foi realizada uma comparação da correção obtida com recortes de papel e com o software de simulação.
Resultados Todos os pacientes ficaram satisfeitos com seu papel no processo de tomada de decisão. Eles mostraram uma boa compreensão e entendimento da cirurgia proposta. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativamente entre o ângulo tibial proximal medial (ATPM) pré-operatório simulado obtido por recortes de papel e correção assistida por software. O escore médio do PSQ-18 para comunicação foi de 4,24 (0,88), para a qualidade técnica foi de 4,11 (0,59) e para a satisfação geral foi de 3,11 (0,68).
Conclusão Bone Ninja é uma ferramenta de planejamento de deformidade eficaz, conveniente, fácil de usar e econômica que substitui o método tradicional árduo de traçar no papel e com tesoura.
Follow-up Brucellacapt and Rose Bengal Tests in 110 Children with Brucellosis
Authors: Öcal Demir Sevliya , Bacalan Fatma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective The interpretation of serologic tests in brucellosis can be difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and vague signs of disease, and limitations of serological tests to distinguish persistent and cleared infection. Here, we evaluated the role of Brucellacapt test in conjunction with Rose Bengal test (RBT) in the follow-up of children treated for brucellosis.
Methods A total of 174 children diagnosed with brucellosis were included in the study. Data about demographic characteristics of patients, clinical and laboratory findings including Brucellacapt and RBT results, therapeutic approach, and response to treatment were collected from medical records.
Results Of the 174 cases, 109 (62.6%) were boys and 65 (37.4%) were girls. The mean age of children at the diagnosis was 122 ± 54 months. Sixty-four cases were excluded from the study for loss to follow-up. The follow-up period for the remained 110 cases was 4.3 ± 2.9 months. Eleven cases (10%) had persistent illness, 7 (6.4%) had recurrence/relapse, and 92 had favorable outcome. During the follow-up, Brucellacapt titers did not drop under 1/320 in cases with persistent illness, and it increased again to 1/320 in cases with relapses at average 6.1 months after treatment. In 48 of cases with favorable outcome, Brucellacapt titers decreased to 1/160 in average 3.3 ± 1.8 months; in 35 cases, RBT became negative in average 3.8 ± 2.5 months, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.241). In cases with higher Brucellacapt titers on admission, decrement of titers took longer time.
Conclusion Persistent serological titers without clinical findings of brucellosis should not lead physician to prolong or repeat treatment because the decline in Brucellacapt titers and RBT negativity may be delayed in contrast to clinical recovery.
Measurement of Serum Chemerin, Oxidized LDL, and Vitamin D Levels in Prader–Willi Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pediatric Egyptian Patients
Authors: Thomas Manal M. , Zaki Moushira E. , Youness Eman , Hamed Khaled , Khedr Azzah A. , Abd El-Massieh Phoebe M. , Abdo Sara M. , El-Bassyouni Hala T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is the commonest genetic cause of obesity. Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Alterations of vitamin D (25-OHD) levels are commonly encountered with obesity. The aim of this study was to analyze serum chemerin, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and 25-OHD values in pediatric PWS patients in comparison with obese healthy children and nonobese control groups, highlighting possible correlations with body mass index (BMI) and obesity. Twenty-six PWS Egyptian patients and 26 obese healthy individuals referred to the outpatient clinic of the Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, and 20 control patients with matching age and sex were enrolled in the study. Patients were clinically diagnosed and confirmed by routine cytogenetic and fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and BMI was calculated by weight/height2 (kg/m2), and BMI z score was also determined. Serum chemerin, ox-LDL, and vitamin D were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chemerin levels, which reflected chronic inflammation, were significantly elevated as compared with obese and nonobese controls (p ≤ 0.0001). Concerning oxidative damage, children with PWS showed higher Ox-LDL levels compared with obese and nonobese controls (p < 0.0001). Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in PWS patients compared with obese and nonobese controls (p ≤ 0.0001). Our data showed that obesity in PWS is associated with oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Ox-LDL is a good indicator of oxidative stress, and chemerin could be used as a biomarker for the chronic inflammatory state. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation is recommended in PWS patients
Common sense politics: religion and belonging in French public space
Authors: Weitzel Michelle D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPublic “common sense” should be conceptualized as an important force structuring the politics of belonging. Homing in on the embodied and sensory aspects of common, taken-for-granted knowledge and the habits of perception that inform it, this article demonstrates how culturally entrained listening practices structure rights to the city and the exercise of citizenship. By tuning into the significance of ambient religious sound, it offers an empirical, ethnographic investigation into how common sense, in dialogue with constitutional and municipal law, shapes practices of citizenship and participation in French public space. The article argues that common sense deriving from perception and interpretation of public sound among majority French represents a stubborn obstacle to French Muslims’ exercise of full citizenship; indeed, it enacts a kind of violence that locks French Muslims out of agentive citizenry, rendering them objects to be muted at will, not fellow citizens to be heard.
Self-organization of cortical areas in the development and evolution of neocortex
Authors: Imam Nabil , L. Finlay Barbara 
Published: November 2020

Significance
There exists a curious lacuna in our understanding of the development and evolution of cortical areas in the brain. Whereas massive research effort has focused on the development of primary sensory and motor areas, few such studies of higher cortical areas have been done, particularly at the earliest stages of development. In parallel, there exists intense interest in the interpretation of higher cortical areas across species, in how new areas of larger brains emerge. Using a network model of the developing cortex, we show here that new cortical areas may be the natural outcome of regularly scaling brains, arising as necessary products of an activity-driven developmental program conserved in the evolution of the cortex.
The role of “spillover” in antibiotic resistance
Authors: Olesen Scott W. , Lipsitch Marc , Grad Yonatan H. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Antibiotic resistance can spread from person to person, a phenomenon exemplified by the rapid global spread of novel resistance determinants. Antibiotic resistance can also “spill over” between family members or between a hospital and its surrounding community, such that antibiotic use in one population selects for resistance that is transmitted into the other population. In theory, antibiotic use in one population could spill over into its neighbors, making it difficult to understand to what degree a population’s own behavior, such as its antibiotic use, determines its level of resistance. Here we use theoretical modeling and observational data to quantify spillover, finding that even modest interactions between populations can lead to substantial sharing of resistance levels.
Sensitivity analysis of correspondence ghost imaging
Authors: Wu Guohua , Mo Huixia , Han Zhe , Li Junhui , Yang Dongyue , Peng Qian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this letter, sensitivity analysis is adopted to interpret why correspondence ghost imaging can restore better images with fewer reference patterns which have larger bucket value fluctuation: these selected patterns are more alike with regard to the target to be restored. The contribution of reference patterns to imaging can be quantified as sensitivity coefficients. In addition, the peak signal-to-noise ratio and mean square error are calculated to compare the restored image quality, and results confirmed that sensitivity coefficients are more robust than bucket value fluctuation in the presence of noise for selecting reference patterns.
Systematic analysis of wavelet denoising methods for neural signal processing
Authors: Baldazzi Giulia , Solinas Giuliana , Del Valle Jaume , Barbaro Massimo , Micera Silvestro , Raffo Luigi , Pani Danilo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. Among the different approaches for denoising neural signals, wavelet-based methods are widely used due to their ability to reduce in-band noise. All wavelet denoising algorithms have a common structure, but their effectiveness strongly depends on several implementation choices, including the mother wavelet, the decomposition level, the threshold definition, and the way it is applied (i.e. the thresholding). In this work, we investigated these factors to quantitatively assess their effects on neural signals in terms of noise reduction and morphology preservation, which are important when spike sorting is required downstream. Approach. Based on the spectral characteristics of the neural signal, according to the sampling rate of the signals, we considered two possible decomposition levels and identified the best-performing mother wavelet. Then, we compared different threshold estimation and thresholding methods and, for the best ones, we also evaluated their effect on clearing the approximation coefficients. The assessments were performed on synthetic signals that had been corrupted by different types of noise and on a murine peripheral nervous system dataset, both of which were sampled at about 16 kHz. The results were statistically analysed in terms of their Pearson’s correlation coefficients, root-mean-square errors, and signal-to-noise ratios. Main results. As expected, the wavelet implementation choices greatly influenced the processing performance. Overall, the Haar wavelet with a five-level decomposition, hard thresholding method, and the threshold proposed by Han et al (2007) achieved the best outcomes. Based on the adopted performance metrics, wavelet denoising with these parametrizations outperformed conventional 300–3000 Hz linear bandpass filtering. Significance. These results can be used to guide the reasoned and accurate selection of wavelet denoising implementation choices in the context of neural signal processing, particularly when spike-morphology preservation is required.
Counting statistics and microreversibility in stochastic models of transistors
Authors: Gu Jiayin , Gaspard Pierre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multivariate fluctuation relations are established in several stochastic models of transistors, which are electronic devices with three ports and thus two coupled currents. For all these models, the transport properties are shown to satisfy Onsager’s reciprocal relations in the linear regime close to equilibrium as well as their generalizations holding in the nonlinear regimes farther away from equilibrium, as a consequence of microreversibility. In the first model, which is related to the Ebers–Moll transport model for bipolar junction transistors, there is no internal state variable and particle exchanges between the ports are described as a Markov jump process with constant rates. In the second model, the rates linearly depend on an internal random variable, representing the occupancy of the transistor by charge carriers. The third model has rates nonlinearly depending on the internal occupancy, as in single-electron transistors. For the first and second models, finite-time multivariate fluctuation relations are also established, giving insight into the convergence towards the asymptotic form of multivariate fluctuation relations in the long-time limit.
Construction and Application of Metal Equipment Supervision Management Information System
Authors: Li Hang , Zhang Xuechao , Zhang Ying , Zhang Yanfei , Chen Hao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thermal power plant contains a large number of metal equipment. The data of construction, overhaul, maintenance and operation of metal equipment can fully reflect the safety status of the equipment. Aiming at a large number of metal supervision data of thermal power plants in Inner Mongolia, according to the requirements of national and industrial standards, a metal supervision and management information system including various data of metal equipment design, manufacturing, installation, use, inspection, transformation and repair, life assessment and other stages is established to realize the whole life cycle management of supervision equipment in thermal power plants. At the same time, make full use of the big data retrieval function of the system, realize the big data comparison of the same type of equipment or the same type of fault, provide sufficient information for the technical supervision and failure analysis personnel, and further improve the technical supervision and technical service quality.
Leakage failure analysis of water wall tube in circulating fluidized bed boiler
Authors: Ren Facai , Xu Jinsha , Si Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the causes of water wall tube leakage failure in circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to the results of chemical analysis, the water wall meets the technical requirements. The difference of pearlite spheroidization degree in different regions indicates that there are different degrees of overheating in each region. The energy spectrum analysis of the surface residue in the perforation area shows that the corrosion in the perforation area is related to scale deposition.
Analysis on the microstructure and properties of P92 steel after long-term service at high temperature
Authors: Xinjun Jiang , Zhiqiang Sun , Chunpo Tang , Yao Xu , Long Zhou , Shaohua Yin , Zhongbing Chen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
SA335-P92 steel is a kind of heat-resistant steel with martensitic lath as matrix and multi alloy composite strengthening, which has excellent high temperature performance. It is used for high temperature components of high parameter units in China for nearly 20 years. Many research institutions have done a lot of research on the properties and characteristics of high temperature aging and creep durability in the laboratory, but there are few researches on the micro-characteristics and properties of P92 steel after long-term service. In this paper, the studies are carried on the P92 steel of high temperature reheat steam pipeline taken from the first group of ultra-supercritical units in China. The microstructure characteristics and properties of the material are systematically studied by means of test methods such as micro metallography, scanning electron microscopy, EDS and mechanical properties. It is concluded that although the P92 steel after long-term service still remains the microstructure of martensitic lath, but the toughness greatly reduces caused by large amounts of large scale precipitates at the original austenite grain boundaries and lath boundaries.
Principle and Design of Chirped Fiber Grating
Authors: Mao Yan , Yan Xingpeng , Wang Weifeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
At present, as a feasible solution to the dispersion problem in optical fiber communication, chirped fiber grating has been widely used and concerned. This paper analyzes the principles of linear chirped fiber gratings and nonlinear chirped fiber gratings, and on the basis of summarizing the current design of chirped fiber gratings, two implementation methods of chirped fiber gratings are proposed.
Research on Edge Wave Deformation of High Strength Automobile Plate
Authors: Jie-tao Dai , Feng Zhou , Huiyuan Li , Liejun Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Edge waves are the shape defects often encountered in the rolling process of automobile plates. The previous wave shape modal function cannot well reflect the situation that the on-site edge wave only occurs in a local area of the edge. In response to this problem, this article uses high-order trigonometric functions to describe the edge waves, and the obtained wave shape modes are consistent with the actual edge waves on site. On this basis, the energy method is used to calculate the critical buckling conditions of the edge waves. And using the perturbation method, the post-buckling path calculation model of the edge wave is established, and the post-buckling path of the edge wave is obtained. In order to verify the accuracy of the analytical calculation model, a finite element method is used to establish a simulation calculation model of the edge wave, and the buckling mode consistent with the scene was obtained. At the same time, the critical conditions of buckling are basically consistent with the analytical calculation results, reflecting the correctness of the analytical calculation model.
Numerical Simulation and Intelligent Optimization of Wax Injection in Investment Casting
Authors: Tan Shixin , Hao Xin , Wang Donghong , Lei Sixiong , Jiang Ming , Shu Da 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Material property measurement was conducted in this study that can be used as input in Moldflow. The optimization scheme is simulated and actual experimented. The optimized process parameters is obtained by CAE and the response surface model. The packing time and packing pressure have the most significant effect on the average shrinkage of thin-walled wax pattern, followed by mold temperature and injection temperature. The deformation dimension of the wax pattern has been significantly improved.
Effect of Nonbonded Hydrogen on Structure and Properties of DLC Films
Authors: Bi Jun , Peng Jihua , Li Liejun , Shi Pingyi , Zhou Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
a-C: H films were prepared on the surface of 316 L stainless steel, aluminum foil and single crystal silicon (100) waferby PE-CVD. The effect of nonbonded hydrogen on the thermal stability and properties of the films was discussed. The analysis results show that the H elements in this a-C: H film mainly exists as free states of H molecules or H atoms. The graphitization stage of the a-C: H films prepared in this experiment are obviously divided into two stages by the precipitation of non-bonded H 564°C. At the same time, the escape of non-bonded H significantly resulted in the release of internal stress and significantly promoted the second stage graphitization. Under the action of hydrogen evolution and graphitization, the microstructure of carbon film is rearranged and agglomerated in a certain direction.
Fracture behavior of a one-step quenching and partitioning steel characterized using uniaxial tension and double edge-notched tension
Authors: Yang Dezhen , Xiong Zhiping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The fracture behavior was characterized using uniaxial tension and double edge notched tension (DENT) in a one-step quenching and partitioning steel. This steel consisted of lamellar matrix (tempered martensite and bainitic ferrite lath) together with dispersed blocky and film RA/M (retained austenite and/or fresh martensite). Lamellar structure promoted trans-lath fracture; whereas, blocky RA/M island contributed to ductile fracture in uniaxial tension but induced brittle fracture in DENT test because a higher stress triaxiality in the latter enhanced the rate of martensite transformation and in turn boosted early crack nucleation and propagation.