bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cocoon vaccination for influenza in patients with a solid tumor: a retrospective study
Authors: Rensink M. J. , van Laarhoven H. W. M. , Holleman F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Oncological patients are susceptible to various severe viral infections, including influenza. Vaccinating oncological patients and their household contacts (“cocoon vaccination”) may protect these patients from contracting influenza. To understand the potential of cocoon vaccination in oncological patients, this study assesses the influenza vaccination status of oncological patients and their household contacts and their considerations regarding the vaccination.

Methods
In this retrospective study, oncological patients with a solid tumor were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their own and their household contacts’ influenza vaccination status in the influenza season of 2018–2019.

Results
Ninety-eight patients were included (response rate 88%). The influenza vaccination rates of oncological patients and their first household contacts were 43.9% and 44.9%, respectively. The majority of vaccinated patients and vaccinated first household contacts had been advised by their general practitioner to get the vaccination. A minority of the first household contacts reported getting vaccinated specifically because of the patient’s vulnerability. Unvaccinated patients and unvaccinated household contacts mainly believed the vaccination was unnecessary or were afraid of side effects. None of the included patients had been hospitalized with influenza.

Conclusion
The oncological patients’ and first household contacts’ vaccination rates in this study were lower than the vaccination rates of the general Dutch population of over 60 years old, possibly due to a lack of knowledge and misconceptions about the vaccination. Further research is required to establish whether cocoon vaccination can contribute to protecting oncological patients from contracting an influenza infection.
Body Anthropometry and Bone Strength Conjointly Determine the Risk of Hip Fracture in a Sideways Fall
Authors: Palanca Marco , Perilli Egon , Martelli Saulo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe hypothesize that variations of body anthropometry, conjointly with the bone strength, determine the risk of hip fracture. To test the hypothesis, we compared, in a simulated sideways fall, the hip impact energy to the energy needed to fracture the femur. Ten femurs from elderly donors were tested using a novel drop-tower protocol for replicating the hip fracture dynamics during a fall on the side. The impact energy was varied for each femur according to the donor’s body weight, height and soft-tissue thickness, by adjusting the drop height and mass. The fracture pattern, force, energy, strain in the superior femoral neck, bone morphology and microarchitecture were evaluated. Fracture patterns were consistent with clinically relevant hip fractures, and the superior neck strains and timings were comparable with the literature. The hip impact energy (11 – 95 J) and the fracture energy (11 – 39 J) ranges overlapped and showed comparable variance (CV = 69 and 61%, respectively). The aBMD-based definition of osteoporosis correctly classified 7 (70%) fracture/non-fracture cases. The incorrectly classified cases presented large impact energy variations, morphology variations and large subcortical voids as seen in microcomputed tomography. In conclusion, the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in a sideways fall depends on both body anthropometry and bone strength.
The optimization of the control logic of a redundant six axis milling machine
Authors: Caputi Antonio , Russo Davide 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe primary task of machine tools is simultaneously positioning and orienting the cutting tool with respect to the work piece. The mechanism must avoid positioning errors, and limit forces and torques required to the motors. A novel approach for combined design and control of manufacturing means is proposed in this work. The focus is on the optimization of the control logic of a redundant 6 axis milling machine, derived from the 5 axis milling machine by adding redundant degree of freedom to the work piece table. The new mechanism is able to fulfill a secondary task due to the introduction of redundancy. The proposed methodology sets as secondary task the minimization of the rotary motors torque, or the minimization of the norm of the positioning error. The control is based on the solution of a constrained optimization problem, where the constraints equations are the kinematic closure equations, and the objective function is the table motor torque or the positioning error of the tool tip. The implementation of this framework in the virtual machine model of the mechanism shows an improvement of the performances: actually, the introduction of a redundant axis allows the minimization of the torques and position errors.
Connecting teachers’ classroom instructions with children’s metacognition and learning in elementary school
Authors: van Loon Mariëtte H. , Bayard Natalie S. , Steiner Martina , Roebers Claudia M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany children have difficulties with accurate self-monitoring and effective regulation of study, and this may cause them to miss learning opportunities. In the classroom, teachers play a key role in supporting children with metacognition and learning. The present study aimed to acquire insights into how teachers’ cognitive and metacognitive strategy instruction, as well as teacher-directed and child-centered instructional practices are related to children’s self-monitoring accuracy, regulation of study, and learning performance. Twenty-one teachers and 308 children (2nd and 4th grade elementary school) participated. Teachers instructed a secret code task, children had to learn the match between letters of the alphabet and corresponding symbols. Teachers were observed and audio-recordings were made of their instructions. Then, children were asked to (a) make restudy selections, (b) complete a test, and (c) self-monitor test performance. Although teachers both addressed cognitive and metacognitive strategies, they more often instructed children about cognitive strategies. Further, teaching practices were more often teacher-directed than child-centered. Although there were no relations between teachers’ instructions for metacognitive strategies and children’s outcome measures, teaching cognitive strategies was positively associated with children’s performance and self-monitoring accuracy. However, teaching cognitive strategies did not predict effective restudy selections. Rather, child-centered instructions (i.e., giving children autonomy to regulate their own learning) positively predicted children’s restudy, and further, children’s self-monitoring was more accurate in classrooms where teachers more often used child-centered instructional practices. This seems to imply that not only the content of the instructions itself, but particularly the way these are given, affects children’s metacognition.
Understanding Brain Mechanisms of Reactive Aggression
Authors: Bertsch Katja , Florange Julian , Herpertz Sabine C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the current literature on biobehavioral mechanisms involved in reactive aggression in a transdiagnostic approach.Recent FindingsAggressive reactions are closely related to activations in the brain’s threat circuitry. They occur in response to social threat that is experienced as inescapable, which, in turn, facilitates angry approach rather than fearful avoidance. Provocation-induced aggression is strongly associated with anger and deficits in cognitive control including emotion regulation and inhibitory control. Furthermore, the brain’s reward system plays a particular role in anger-related, tit-for-tat-like retaliatory aggression in response to frustration. More research is needed to further disentangle specific brain responses to social threat, provocation, and frustration.SummaryA better understanding of the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms involved in reactive aggression may pave the way for specific mechanism-based treatments, involving biological or psychotherapeutic approaches or a combination of the two.
Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands
Authors: García Pinzón Viviana , Mantilla Jorge 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis brings together insights from political geography, border studies, and organized crime literature, while empirically, it draws on direct observation, criminal justice data, and in-depth interviews.
$$(\alpha ,\beta )$$-Metrics Satisfying the T-Condition or the $$\sigma T$$-Condition
Authors: Elgendi Salah G. , Kozma László 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe describe the $$(\alpha ,\beta )$$

(
α
,
β
)

-metrics whose the T-tensor vanishes (T-condition) and the $$(\alpha ,\beta )$$

(
α
,
β
)

-metrics that satisfy the $$\sigma T$$

σ
T

-condition $$\sigma _hT^h_{ijk}=0$$

σ
h

T

ijk

h

=
0

, where $$\sigma _h=\frac{\partial \sigma }{\partial x^h}$$

σ
h

=

∂
σ

∂

x
h

and $$\sigma $$
σ
is a smooth function on M. These classes have already been obtained by Shen and Asanov in a completely different approach. The Finsler metrics of the first class are Berwaldian, the metrics of the second class are almost regular non-Berwaldian Landsberg metrics.
Patient-reported outcomes of ductoscopy procedures for pathologic nipple discharge
Authors: Filipe M. D. , Simons J. M. , Moeliker L. , Waaijer L. , Vriens M. R. , van Diest P. J. , Witkamp A. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPathologic nipple discharge (PND) is a common complaint often associated with breast cancer. However, when ultrasound and mammography are negative, the chances of malignancy are lower than 5%. Currently, major duct excision and microdochectomy are often recommended to alleviate symptoms and definitely rule out malignancy, but can cause infections and breastfeeding problems. Ductoscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopy technique that allows visualization of the mammary ducts and may not only obviate surgery but also detect malignancy. The aim of this study was to determine quality of life (QOL) after ductoscopy in patients with PND.Materials and methodsAll PND patients referred for ductoscopy between 2014 and 2015 to our hospital were included. Ductoscopy procedures were performed under local anaesthesia in the outpatient clinic. Patients were asked to fill out questionnaires (Breast-Q, EQ-5D-5L and SF-36) on the day of ductoscopy, and after 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months. Additionally, we performed reliability analysis to determine if these questionnaires were suitable for PND patients.ResultsFifty consecutive patients underwent ductoscopy of whom 47 patients participated in this study. One domain of SF-36 (vitality) varied significantly over time. Breast-Q, SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L showed that QOL after ductoscopy for PND was unaffected by ductoscopy. Success of the ductoscopy procedure was a significant predictor for satisfaction with the result domain.ConclusionDuctoscopy is a minimally invasive technique that does not seem to impact QoL of PND patients over time. Breast-Q, SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L seem to be suitable existing QOL tests for PND patients undergoing ductoscopy, whereas SF-36 would require modifications.
Source rock geochemistry of shale samples from Ege-1 and Ege-2 wells, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Fadiya S. L. , Adekola S. A. , Oyebamiji B. M. , Akinsanpe O. T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelected shale samples within the middle Miocene Agbada Formation of Ege-1 and Ege-2 wells, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria, were evaluated using total organic carbon content (TOC) and Rock–Eval pyrolysis examination with the aim of determining their hydrocarbon potential. The results obtained reveal TOC values varying from 1.64 to 2.77 wt% with an average value of 2.29 wt% for Ege-1 well, while Ege-2 well TOC values ranged from 1.27 to 3.28 wt% (average of 2.27 wt%) values which both fall above the minimum threshold (0.5%) for hydrocarbon generation potential in the Niger Delta. Rock–Eval pyrolysis data revealed that the shale source rock samples from Ege-1 well are characterized by Type II–Type III kerogens which are thermally mature to generate oil or gas/oil. The Ege-2 well pyrolysis result showed that some of the ditch cutting samples are comprised of Type II (oil prone) and Type III (gas-prone kerogen) which are thermally immature to marginal maturity (Tmax 346–439 °C). This study concludes that the shale intercalations between reservoir sands of the Agbada Formation are good source rocks in early maturity and also must have contributed to the vast petroleum reserve in the Niger Delta Basin because of the subsidence of the basin.
What is Interpretability?
Authors: Erasmus Adrian , Brunet Tyler D. P. , Fisher Eyal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe argue that artificial networks are explainable and offer a novel theory of interpretability. Two sets of conceptual questions are prominent in theoretical engagements with artificial neural networks, especially in the context of medical artificial intelligence: (1) Are networksexplainable, and if so, what does it mean to explain the output of a network? And (2) what does it mean for a network to beinterpretable? We argue that accounts of “explanation” tailored specifically to neural networks have ineffectively reinvented the wheel. In response to (1), we show how four familiar accounts of explanation apply to neural networks as they would to any scientific phenomenon. We diagnose the confusion about explaining neural networks within the machine learning literature as an equivocation on “explainability,” “understandability” and “interpretability.” To remedy this, we distinguish between these notions, and answer (2) by offering a theory and typology of interpretation in machine learning. Interpretation is something one does to an explanation with the aim of producing another, more understandable, explanation. As with explanation, there are various concepts and methods involved in interpretation:TotalorPartial,GlobalorLocal, andApproximativeorIsomorphic. Our account of “interpretability” is consistent with uses in the machine learning literature, in keeping with the philosophy of explanation and understanding, and pays special attention to medical artificial intelligence systems.
Furan Derivatives and Polyketides from the Fungus Irpex lacteus
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Zheng-Hui , Isaka Masahiko , Liu Ji-Kai , Feng Tao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Eight new furan derivatives, irpexins A‒H (1‒8), two new polyketides, irpexins I and J (9 and 10), together with nine known compounds were isolated from the fermentation of Irpex lacteus. The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods and Mosher ester reaction. All compounds shows no cytotoxicity to human MCF-7 and Hela cancer cell lines at the concentration of 10 μM.

Graphic Abstract
Developing Integrated Clinical Pathways for the Management of Clinically Severe Adult Obesity: a Critique of NHS England Policy
Authors: Hazlehurst Jonathan M. , Logue Jennifer , Parretti Helen M. , Abbott Sally , Brown Adrian , Pournaras Dimitri J. , Tahrani Abd A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewPathways for obesity prevention and treatment are well documented, yet the prevalence of obesity is rising, and access to treatment (including bariatric surgery) is limited. This review seeks to assess the current integrated clinical pathway for obesity management in England and determine the major challenges.Recent FindingsEvidence for tier 2 (community-based lifestyle intervention) and tier 3 (specialist weight management services) is limited, and how it facilitates care and improve outcomes in tier 4 remains uncertain. Treatment access, rigidity in pathways, uncertain treatment outcomes and weight stigma seems to be major barriers to improved care.SummaryMore emphasis must be placed on access to effective treatments, treatment flexibility, addressing stigma and ensuring treatment efficacy including long-term health outcomes. Prevention and treatment should both receive significant focus though should be considered to be largely separate pathways. A simplified system for weight management is needed to allow flexibility and the delivery of personalized care including post-bariatric surgery care for those who need it.
Optimism despite profound uncertainty: school and social relationships in adolescents with single ventricle heart disease
Authors: Peterson Jennifer K. , Olshansky Ellen F. , Guo Yuqing , Evangelista Lorraine S. , Pike Nancy A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:Survivors of single ventricle heart disease must cope with the physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial sequelae of their cardiac disease, which may also affect academic achievement and social relationships. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the experiences of school and social relationships in adolescents with single ventricle heart disease.Methods:A descriptive phenomenological methodology was employed, utilising semi-structured interviews. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained via chart review.Results:Fourteen adolescents (aged 14 to 19 years) with single ventricle heart disease participated. Interviews ranged from 25 to 80 minutes in duration. Four themes emerged from the interviews, including “Don’t assume”: Pervasive ableism; “The elephant in the room”: Uncertain future; “Everyone finds something to pick on”: Bullying at school; “They know what I have been through”: Social support. The overall essence generated from the data was “optimism despite profound uncertainty.”Conclusions:Adolescents with single ventricle heart disease identified physical limitations and school challenges in the face of an uncertain health-related future. Despite physical and psychosocial limitations, most remained optimistic for the future and found activities that were congruent with their abilities. These experiences reflect “optimism despite profound uncertainty.”
Comparison of Laser Ablation and Solution‐Based ICP‐MS Results for Individual Foraminifer Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca Analyses
Authors: Fehrenbacher Jennifer , Marchitto Thomas , Spero Howard J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe trace element and isotopic composition of foraminifera shells are widely used in paleoceanography to reconstruct past ocean conditions. Individual foraminifer analysis (IFA) is a rapidly expanding technique for obtaining trace element and/or isotope data from individual foraminifer specimens. IFA permits an assessment of population variability, which can be linked to environmental conditions at the time of calcification or can be used to assess postdepositional diagenesis. Uniform interpretation of IFA depends on the assumption that the data are not impacted by analytical technique. Here, we compare paired trace element (Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) data for the same specimens analyzed first using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), followed by solution ICP‐MS. Foraminiferal trace element (TE) to calcium ratios compare well between the two methods for foraminifera of simple morphology (Orbulina universa), heavily calcified specimens with TE‐homogeneous outer calcite (Pulleniatina obliquiloculata), or when all chambers in multichambered species are analyzed by the laser and averaged together (Trilobatus sacculifer and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei). We highlight potential issues in interpreting and comparing studies that use different analytical techniques and recommend that the paleoceanographic community establish accepted protocols for generating IFA that would maximize our ability to cross‐compare paleoceanographic data and reconstructions when different analytical techniques are used.
Statistical Properties of Electron Curtain Precipitation Estimated With AeroCube‐6
Authors: Shumko M. , Johnson A. T. , O'Brien T. P. , Turner D. L. , Greeley A. D. , Sample J. G. , Blake J. B. , Blum L. W. , Halford A. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurtain precipitation is a recently discovered stationary, persistent, and latitudinally narrow electron precipitation phenomenon in low Earth orbit. Curtains are observed over consecutive passes of the dual AeroCube‐6 CubeSats while their in‐track lag varied from a fraction of a second to 65 s, with dosimeters that are sensitive to >35‐keV electrons. This study uses the AeroCube‐6 mission to quantify the statistical properties of 1,634 curtains observed over 3 years. We found that many curtains are narrower than 10 km in the latitudinal direction with 90% narrower than 20 km. We examined the geographic, magnetic local time, and geomagnetic dependence of curtains. We found that curtains are observed in the late‐morning and premidnight magnetic local times, with a higher occurrence rate at premidnight, and curtains are observed more often during times of enhanced Auroral Electrojet. We found a few curtains in the bounce loss cone region above the North Atlantic, whose electrons were continuously scattered for at least 6 s. Such observations suggest that continuous curtain precipitation may be a significant loss of >35‐keV electrons from the magnetosphere into the atmosphere. We hypothesize that the curtains observed in the bounce loss cone were accelerated by parallel electric fields, and we show that this mechanism is consistent with the observations.
Evolution Model for the Absheron Mud Volcano: From Stratified Sediments to Fluid Mud Generation
Authors: Blouin Arthur , Sultan Nabil , Pierron Alexandra , Imbert Patrice , Callot Jean‐Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubmarine mud volcanoes (MVs) are one of the most spectacular methane expulsion features at the seafloor and they represent a significant geohazard worldwide. In this work, we focus on the physical processes controlling the initiation and early evolution of the Absheron mud volcano (AMV). Our analyses were carried out based on basin modeling calibrated thanks to existing seismic interpretation of the AMV, analysis of sediment samples from seabed, and data from two exploration wells. Acquired laboratory geotechnical data allowed us to derive laws considering the impact of gas exsolution on host sediment behaviors. In this study, we identified key geological and physical conditions that led to MV formation: by coupling diffusion processes with hydrofracturing and fluid advection, we were able to simulate the conditions required to generate mud 3.5 km below the AMV. Mud remobilization up to the seabed was reproduced by using Navier‐Stokes equations modified to account for the impact of gas expansion on mud density. Considering density inversion only, simulations indicate that mud would be extruded at the seabed 100 years after its generation, an ascent rate similar to extrusion rates measured at the active Kotyrdag MV in Azerbaijan.