bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Composites Manufactured from Recycled Tetra Pak® Containers
Authors: Macías Gallego Sebastián , Guzmán Aponte Álvaro , Buitrago Sierra Robison , Santa Marín Juan Felipe 
Published: December 2020

Context: Tetra Pak® is a common material used for the production of food containers. Currently, those containers are recycled by physical separation of the cellulose fibers through a hydro pulped process, but sometimes separating the individual components is not economically viable. This work evaluates an al­ternative process to obtain composites from recycled Tetra Pak®.
Methodology: Tetra Pak® used containers were co­llected and cut into small pieces at the laboratory. Then, the containers were hot-pressed to obtain sheets in a manual hydraulic press by using different confi­gurations. Samples were cut, and their tensile stren­gth was evaluated (ASTM D3039). Failure analysis of samples was carried out by FE-SEM to identify issues related to processing and to understand the differen­ces in mechanical properties.
Results: The results showed that the lowest tensile strength was 9.5 MPa (type I sample) and the highest tensile strength was 37.4 MPa (type III sample).
Conclusions: The results of mechanical tests show that this material can be used for non-structural purposes in the building industry. Failure analysis shows that fiber pull-out and delamination are the most impor­tant failure mechanisms in type I samples. For type III sample, failure was produced by a sequence of intralaminar fractures
The concentration-compactness principles for W
s,p(·,·)(ℝ
N
) and application
Authors: Ho Ky , Kim Yun-Ho 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We obtain a critical imbedding and then, concentration-compactness principles for fractional Sobolev spaces with variable exponents. As an application of these results, we obtain the existence of many solutions for a class of critical nonlocal problems with variable exponents, which is even new for constant exponent case.
Diamond diffractive optics—recent progress and perspectives
Authors: Kiss Marcell , Mi Sichen , Huszka Gergely , Quack Niels 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Diamond is an exceptional material that has recently seen a remarkable increase in interest in academic research and engineering since high-quality substrates became commercially available and affordable. Exploiting the high refractive index, hardness, laser-induced damage threshold, thermal conductivity and chemical resistance, an abundance of applications incorporating ever higher-performance diamond devices has seen steady growth. Among these, diffractive optical elements stand out—with progress in fabrication technologies, micro- and nanofabrication techniques have enabled the creation of gratings and diffractive optical elements with outstanding properties. Research activities in this field have further been spurred by the unique property of diamond to be able to host optically active atom scale defects in the crystal lattice. Such color centers allow generation and manipulation of individual photons, which has contributed to accelerated developments in engineering of novel quantum applications in diamond, with diffractive optical elements amidst critical components for larger-scale systems. This review collects recent examples of diffractive optical devices in diamond, and highlights the advances in manufacturing of such devices using micro- and nanofabrication techniques, in contrast to more traditional methods, and avenues to explore diamond diffractive optical elements for emerging and future applications are put in perspective.
Simulation assessment of the half-power bandwidth method in testing shock absorbers
Authors: Lozia Zbigniew , Zdanowicz Piotr 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe work deals with usability of the half-power bandwidth method in the diagnostic testing of automotive shock absorbers. In all the simulation tests, the front and rear suspension system of a present-day medium-classmotor car was considered. At the first stage, calculations were made in the frequency domain for a linear “quarter-car” model with two degrees of freedom; then, simulations were carried out in the time domain with using a similar but strongly nonlinear model. In the latter case, actual characteristics (corresponding to those obtained from test rig measurements) of shock absorber damping, suspension and tire elasticity, sliding friction in the suspension, and “wheel hop” were considered. The calculations were carried out every time for twelve levels of viscous damping in the suspension system, which made 48 calculation series in total. The factors of gain in the vertical force between the tester’s vibration plate and the vehicle tire (relative to the input force applied) and the dimensionless coefficients of viscous damping in the suspension system, determined by the half-power bandwidth method, were thoroughly analyzed. The calculation results were presented in graphical form. Attention was also paid to the distortions caused by the force of inertia of the tester’s vibration plate.
Field measurement of contact forces on rollers for a large diameter pipe conveyor
Authors: Bombasaro E. , Oddera R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An intensive field measurement was carried out to assess the force acting on the rollers for a large diameter pipe conveyor. A special idler enclosing two dynamometers was designed and installed in the various roller positions. The forces on the rollers were metered while the conveyor was running with and without conveying material. The position of the two dynamometers was such allowing to derive the theoretical contact point of the belt onto the roller. The measurements were carried out in a straight section of the pipe conveyor and in the centre part of a horizontal curve. Obtained data are presented, analysed, and compared with the values from a six-point stiffness testing device. Further, the participation factor of the material load on the roller forces for a single roller is derived. The study concludes with a critical review of the findings comparing them with results presented in the literature.
Predictive analysis of the impact of the time of day on road accidents in Poland
Authors: Borucka Anna , Kozłowski Edward , Oleszczuk Piotr , Świderski Andrzej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The steady increase in the number of road users and their growing mobility mean that the issue of road safety is still a topical one. Analyses of factors influencing the number of road traffic accidents contribute to the improvement of road safety. Because changes in traffic volume follow a daily rhythm, hour of the day is an important factor affecting the number of crashes. The present article identifies selected mathematical models which can be used to describe the number of road traffic accidents as a function of the time of their occurrence during the day. The study of the seasonality of the number of accidents in particular hours was assessed. The distributions of the number of accidents in each hour were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Multidimensional scaling was used to present the found similarities and differences. Similar hours were grouped into clusters, which were used in further analysis to construct the ARMAXmodel and the Holt-Winters model. Finally, the predictive capabilities of each model were assessed.
Preparation and characterization of electrospun fibrous scaffolds of either PVA or PVP for fast release of sildenafil citrate
Authors: Torres-Martínez Erick José , Vera-Graziano Ricardo , Cervantes-Uc José Manuel , Bogdanchikova Nina , Olivas-Sarabia Amelia , Valdez-Castro Ricardo , Serrano-Medina Aracely , Iglesias Ana Leticia , Pérez-González Graciela Lizeth , Cornejo-Bravo José Manuel , Villarreal-Gómez Luis Jesús 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sildenafil citrate (SC) has proved to be an effective and inexpensive drug for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study aims to synthesize electrospun, submicron fiber scaffolds of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) loaded with SC for fast drug dissolution and its potential use in the treatment of PAH. These fiber scaffolds were prepared through the electrospinning technique. The chemical composition of the nanofibers was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and polymeric transitions by differential scattering calorimetry. Surface analysis of the nanofibers was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The wetting and dissolution time of the scaffolds and drug release rate were studied as well. The drug-loaded PVP fibers showed better quality regarding size and homogeneity compared to drug-loaded PVA fibers. These fibers encapsulated approximately 2.5 mg/cm2 of the drug and achieved immediate controlled released rate, which is encouraging for further studies leading to an alternative treatment of PAH in children.
Traditional agricultural landscapes in Uskopaljska valley (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Gekić Haris , Bidžan-Gekić Aida 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article discusses changing trends in agricultural land use in Uskopaljska valley. Quite a large number of agricultural land exploitation orientations indicate that the geographical benefits for the development of certain types of agricultural production are very different. Detailed analysis of the exploitation orientations of land use leads to the opinion that they are determined mainly by social movements. The depopulation areas are numerous in the periphery of Uskopaljska valley, resulting in abandonment of agricultural land and an increase in unused areas. Large extensive production areas were abandoned after 1991, leaving uncultivated ploughlands and grass cover to be used occasionally by herders. In 2018, there were only 7.4 acres of ploughlands, I–IV class quality, per person that were mainly being cultivated, which was not enough to ensure sufficient food production. According to the analysis of available data and based on the practices, and among others a survey among the farmers, the general perception of basic conditions and main problems of agricultural land use and agricultural development is revealed.
Numerical simulation of nickel-based alloys’ welding transient stress using various cooling techniques
Authors: He Meng , Qi Jianing , Zheng Zhentai , Shi Fen , Lei Yunfeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNickel-based alloys play an important role in the field of high-temperature alloys, which are widely used in nuclear reactors, aerospace and components of turbomachinery. However, the high susceptibility of welding hot crack is a main shortcoming to nickel-based alloys. One of the methods that reduce hot cracking susceptibility is by adjusting element constitution of weld metal and another method is by reducing transient stress. This article used finite element method to study the effect of cooling source on transient stress of the nickel-based alloy weld joint. The selection of appropriate cooling technique can decrease the peak of the transient von Mises stress and make the tensile stress turn into compressive stress, which is beneficial to reduce hot cracking susceptibility. The peak of the transient von Mises stress decreases as the cooling intensity increases from 0 to 15,000 W/m2 K, but increases if the cooling intensity is ineffective. When the distance between cooling source and heat source reaches 35 mm, the weld can get larger region of compressive stress. The peak of the transient von Mises stress decreases with increasing radius of cooling source and reaches minimum value at 12 mm. Combined cooling is more effective in reducing the peak of this stress than the conventional single trailing cooling source.
The local structure around Ge atoms in Ge-doped magnetite thin films
Authors: Shinoda Kozo , Abe Seishi , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Waseda Yoshio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDistribution of Ge atoms between tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel-type structure of Fe2.64Ge0.36O4thin films fabricated by radio frequency sputtering with a composite target of magnetite and Ge has been investigated by extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. The local structural changes around the Ge atoms in the films induced by annealing at 573 and 873 K are discussed through comparison of the local structure for sintered crystalline Fe2.7Ge0.3O4in which Ge atoms preferentially located at the tetrahedral site of the spinel-type structure. This work provides successful information on the structural change with magnetic property of the thin films as follows: the Ge atoms statistically distributed at the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the as-synthesized films and preferentially occupied the tetrahedral site by annealing at 873 K corresponding to the increase in magnetization.
Encountering the Other: Postmodern and Barthian Pastoral Theologies in Dialogue
Authors: Lin Bonnie Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The proliferation of contextual theologies points to the perspectival character of all theological systems, underscoring the need for epistemic humility, self-reflexivity, and openness to alterity. Yet, constructive dialogue often proves difficult due to divergent sources of authority and conflicting normative values. I consider proposals by Elaine Graham and Deborah van Deusen Hunsinger, pointing out not only how their postmodern and Barthian pastoral theological models differ, but also where they may be congruent and mutually edifying. Karl Barth attracts skepticism from both “conservatives” and “liberals,” yet each may find in him an ally, resource, and bridge for engaging the other.
Crystal structure of 4-bromo-N′-[(3-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide methanol solvate, C15H14Br2N2O3
Authors: Xu Xindi , Ma Xun , Huang Meifen , Li Tianyu , Wu Qiong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
C15H14Br2N2O3, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P&#x203e;{1}$

(no. 2), a = 7.2748(3) Å, b = 9.0786(4) Å, c = 12.8613(5) Å, α = 99.458(2)°, β = 100.401(2)°, γ = 99.499(2)°, V = 807.35(6) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0253, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0673, T = 150.0 K.
Investigation on clusters stability in DYNAMAP’s monitoring network during Covid-19 outbreak
Authors: Benocci Roberto , Roman H. Eduardo , Confalonieri Chiara , Zambon Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
From March 23rd to May 3rd 2020, Italy underwent a complete lockdown in the attempt to contain the spread of the pandemic due to Covid-19 outbreak. During this period, a new kind of environment has been experienced in all cities, resulting in an abatement of traffic noise levels. Consequently, due to the prohibition of all non-essential activities, traffic noise dynamics changed as well. In this paper, we analyse the data recorded from the permanent noise monitoring network installed in the pilot area of the city of Milan, Italy. The results show how, besides a dramatic reduction of the noise levels (about 6 dB on average), also the noise pattern was profoundly changed. This is particularly important in the framework of DYNAMAP, a statistically based European project able to predict traffic noise over an extended area based on the noise recorded by limited number of monitoring stations. The change of the traffic dynamics, resulting in different noise patterns of the normalized hourly median profiles for each sensor, pose some limitations about the use of such predicting tool during extraordinary situations such as that experienced during a lockdown.
Systemic Oppression and the Contested Ground of Information Access for Incarcerated People
Authors: Austin Jeanie , Charenko Melissa , Dillon Michelle , Lincoln Jodi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLibrary and information science (LIS), as a whole, has not prioritized the information access of people inside of jails and prisons as a central tenet of library practice At the moment, there is growing attention given to states’ attempts to curtail book access for people inside of jails and prisons. Groups that provide free books to incarcerated people -- such as the numerous Books to Prisoners programs across the United States -- have been central to the discussions around access to information and resistance to censorship. These groups have drawn particular attention to the ways that Black, Indigenous, and people of color, as well as LGBTQ people, in prison experience ongoing oppression during incarceration because of limited access to materials relevant to their experiences. By identifying the types of information that are banned or limited, the difficulties people who are incarcerated face in seeking to access information, and the impact that access to information has in the lives of people who are incarcerated, this article explains prison censorship as a form of state-sponsored oppression, which is largely being combated by Books to Prisoners rather than LIS. The article ends by explaining LIS’ lack of attention to information access for people who are incarcerated.
Magnetic hybrid materials in liquid crystals
Authors: Hähsler Martin , Appel Ingo , Behrens Silke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The integration of nanoparticles with magnetic, ferroelectric or semiconducting properties into liquid crystals (LCs) has attracted great interest both for fundamental investigations and for technological applications. Here, an overview of hybrid materials based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and thermotropic LCs is given. After a general introduction to thermotropic LCs and LC-MNP hybrid materials, various preparation methods established by us are presented. The synthesis of shape-(an)isotropic MNPs, their functionalization by tailored (pro)mesogenic ligands with linear or dendritic structures and their integration into LC hosts are discussed. The characterization of the MNPs, (pro)mesogenic ligands and resulting MNP-LC hybrid materials is described to show the influence of MNP functionalization on the MNP-LC interactions including aspects such as colloidal stability and structuring in the LC host. Overall, we show that the physical properties of the hybrid material are significantly influenced not only by the MNPs (i.e., their size, shape and composition) but also by their surface properties (i.e., the structure of the (pro)mesogenic ligands).
Sorption and surface complexation modeling of 137Cs on Fe(II)-montmorillonite clay mineral relevant to nuclear waste disposal
Authors: Chikkamath Santosh , Patel Madhuri A. , Kar Aishwarya S. , Tomar Bhupendra S. , Manjanna Jayappa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bentonite, a natural clay, is a promising candidate to be used as a buffer/backfill material in the geological disposal systems for management of high level waste (HLW). Fe released due to corrosion of canister/overpack may result in alteration of Na-montmorillonite (Na-Mt), present in bentonite, to Fe-montmorillonite (Fe-Mt) in a span of several years after the emplacement of vitrified HLW in deep geological repositories. For realistic performance assessment, it is essential to understand the sorption behavior of altered Mt with regard to the radionuclides present in HLW. Cs is one of the high-yield (137Cs t1/2 = 30.1 y, 6%) and long-lived (135Cs t1/2 = 2 × 106 y) fission products in spent fuels. The objective of present study is to understand the effect of various parameters, viz., time (0–48 h), pH (3.0–9.0), ionic strength (0.001–1 M) [Cs(I)] (10−10–10−3 M) and Fe dissolution on sorption behavior of Cs(I) on Fe(II)-Mt through batch sorption experiments. Fe(II)-Mt was synthesized by reducing Fe(III)-Mt using ascorbic acid as reducing agent in N2 atmosphere. The near-constancy in Cs(I) sorption on Fe(II)-Mt with pH (≥4), and decrease with increasing ionic strength, illustrate the ion exchange as dominant mode of Cs(I) sorption. Further, Cs(I) sorption isotherm on Fe(II)-Mt is found to be linear. The estimation of dissolved iron in the supernatant of Fe(II)-Mt suspensions demonstrated that dissolved Fe decreased with increase in pH and increased with increase in ionic strength. Moreover, the Fe2+/Fetotal ratio determined in all experiments was close to unity, thereby depicting that Fe(II) did not oxidize to Fe(III), except when suspension pH was ≥ 5.5. For comparison, Cs(I) sorption was also studied on Na(I)-Mt and compared with that on Fe(III)-Mt. Surface complexation modeling of Cs(I) sorption on the three clay minerals, viz., Na-Mt, Fe(II)-Mt and Fe(III)-Mt, has been successfully carried out.
A critical review on the effects of antibiotics on anammox process in wastewater
Authors: Ozumchelouei Elnaz Jafari , Hamidian Amir Hossein , Zhang Yu , Yang Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has recently become of significant interest due to its capability for cost-effective nitrogen elimination from wastewater. However, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) are sensitive to environmental changes and toxic substances. In particular, the presence of antibiotics in wastewater, which is considered unfavorable to the anammox process, has become a growing concern. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of these inhibitors to acquire information on the applicability of the anammox process. Hence, this review summarizes our knowledge of the effects of commonly detected antibiotics in water matrices, including fluoroquinolone, macrolide, β-lactam, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, glycopeptide, and aminoglycoside, on the anammox process. According to the literature, the presence of antibiotics in wastewater could partially or completely inhibit anammox reactions, in which antibiotics targeting protein synthesis or DNA replication (excluding aminoglycoside) were the most effective against the AnAOB strains.
Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of vardenafil, vardenafil dihydrate, vardenafil monohydrochloride trihydrate and vardenafil dihydrochloride hexahydrate
Authors: Wu Dedong , Atassi Faraj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structures of vardenafil (free, unprotonated base), vardenafil dihydrate and the hydrochloride salts, vardenafil monohydrochloride trihydrate and vardenafil dihydrochloride hexahydrate, were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of vardenafil monohydrochloride trihydrate is in good agreement with the published crystal structure obtained by powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. This work shows that the crystal structure of anhydrous vardenafil free base is very similar to the crystal structure of sildenafil free base.
Kartellschadensersatzansprüche in Schiedsverfahren – Die Anwendbarkeit der Instrumente der 9. GWB-Novelle
Authors: Wilske Stephan , Steinle Christian , Schuler Jakob 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Mehr als zwanzig Jahre nach der endgültigen Anerkennung der Schiedsfähigkeit kartellrechtlicher Schadensersatzansprüche scheinen Rechtswissenschaft und Praxis in Deutschland und Europa nach wie vor eine gewisse Skepsis gegenüber der schiedsgerichtlichen Geltendmachung von Schadensersatzansprüchen wegen Zuwiderhandlungen gegen wettbewerbsrechtliche Bestimmungen zu hegen. Die Kartellschadensersatzrichtlinie von 2014 harmonisiert insbesondere auch die prozessuale Durchsetzung derartiger Ansprüche und ermutigt betroffene Marktteilnehmer, Kartellschadensersatzstreitigkeiten vermehrt Schiedsgerichten zu unterbreiten. Dessen ungeachtet verbleibt die Schiedsgerichtspraxis in diesem Bereich bislang wenig entwickelt. Der Beitrag analysiert die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen der schiedsgerichtlichen Beilegung von Kartellschadensersatzstreitigkeiten im Lichte der Kartellschadensersatzrichtlinie und der in deren Umsetzung ergangenen 9. GWB-Novelle. Die Parteien potenzieller Kartellschadensersatzverfahren sollten die Vereinbarung einer Schiedsklausel zumindest in ihr Prüfprogramm aufnehmen und ihre Prozessstrategie entsprechend anpassen. Denn nach Ansicht der Autoren kann die schiedsgerichtliche Beilegung zumindest in einigen Konstellationen sinnvoll und ganz erheblich besser als ein Gerichtsverfahren sein.