bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia Infrastructure and Resources in Bangladesh
Authors: Meadows Jonathan W. , Al Imran T. M. Tanzil , LeBrun Drake G. , Mannan Moinul I. , Sharraf Samin , Gaznavee Zibran Z. , McQueen Kelly K. A. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:
Monitoring improvements in nationwide anesthesia capacity over time is critical to ensuring that population anesthesia needs are being met and identifying areas for targeted health systems interventions. Anesthesia resources in Bangladesh were previously measured using a cross-sectional nationwide hospital-based survey in 2012. No follow-up studies have been conducted since then.

METHODS:
A follow-up cross-sectional study was performed in 16 public hospitals; 8 of which are public district hospitals, and 8 are medical college (tertiary) hospitals in Bangladesh. A survey tool assessing hospital anesthesia capacity, developed by Vanderbilt University Medical Center, was utilized. Nationwide data were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and from the Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists. Institutional Review Board approvals were obtained in the United States and Bangladesh, and informed consent was waived.

RESULTS:
Bangladesh has 952 anesthesiologists (0.58 anesthesiologists per 100,000 people), which represents a modest increase from 850 anesthesiologists in 2012. Significant improvements in electricity and clean water availability have occurred since the 2012 survey. Severe deficiencies in patient safety and monitoring equipment (eg, pulse oximetry, electrocardiography, blood pressure, anesthesia machines, and intubation materials) were noted, primarily at the district hospital level.

CONCLUSIONS:
Despite modest improvements in certain anesthesia metrics over the past several years, the public health care system in Bangladesh still suffers from substantial deficiencies in anesthesia care.
Ishiguro at the Limit: The Corporation and the Novel
Authors: Holmes Chris 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The early twenty-first century has seen a radical shift in how the aesthetic form of the novel addresses the abstraction of labor and the precarity of minority communities that have come to epitomize neoliberal capital. Novels increasingly attempt to formulate institutions apart from the privatizing drive that seeks to corporatize all civil society. This ambition to differentiate the novel from the primary ideology of this period has been marked by the emergence of a particular mode of critical rejoinder to the pervasive corporatist mind-set, a mode called limit thinking, in which novels draw attention to themselves as texts with which to produce new forms of thinking rather than as storehouses of information or political treatises. The writer Kazuo Ishiguro's novels Remains of the Day and Never Let Me Go present limit thinking as a means to offset the prevailing form of totalizing thinking in the West: corporate personhood. That corporate body, with its obvious intentions toward absolute privatization, has been allowed a unique form of embodiment. The imagined body of the corporation has been gifted the presumption of thought. Understanding the limits of the novel—and by contrast the seeming limitlessness of the corporate state of mind—prepares us to understand how the novel resists an epistemological system into which it incorporated and how, in doing so, it shifts the kinds of questions we ask of the novel from those of what does the novel know? to how is the novel thinking?
Age-related Deficits in Voluntary Activation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: ROZAND VIANNEY , SUNDBERG CHRISTOPHER W. , HUNTER SANDRA K. , SMITH ASHLEIGH E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWhether there are age-related differences in neural drive during maximal effort contractions is not clear. This review determined the effect of age on voluntary activation during maximal voluntary isometric contractions. The literature was systematically reviewed for studies reporting voluntary activation quantified with the interpolated twitch technique (ITT) or central activation ratio (CAR) during isometric contractions in young (18–35 yr) and old adults (>60 yr; mean, ≥65 yr). Of the 2697 articles identified, 54 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Voluntary activation was assessed with electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation on five different muscle groups. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed lower activation in old compared with young adults (d= −0.45; 95% confidence interval, −0.62 to −0.29;P< 0.001), with moderate heterogeneity (52.4%). To uncover the sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted for muscle group, calculation method (ITT or CAR), and stimulation type (electrical stimulation or transcranial magnetic stimulation) and number (single, paired, or train stimulations). The age-related reduction in voluntary activation occurred for all muscle groups investigated except the ankle dorsiflexors. Both ITT and CAR demonstrated an age-related reduction in voluntary activation of the elbow flexors, knee extensors, and plantar flexors. ITT performed with paired and train stimulations showed lower activation for old than young adults, with no age difference for the single electrical stimulation. Together, the meta-analysis revealed that healthy older adults have a reduced capacity to activate some upper and lower limb muscles during maximal voluntary isometric contractions; however, the effect was modest and best assessed with at least paired stimulations to detect the difference.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Preserves Leg Lean Mass in Geriatric Patients
Authors: KARLSEN ANDERS , CULLUM CHRISTOPHER KJAER , NORHEIM KRISTOFFER LARSEN , SCHEEL FREDERIK ULRIK , ZINGLERSEN AMANDA HEMPEL , VAHLGREN JULIE , SCHJERLING PETER , KJAER MICHAEL , MACKEY ABIGAIL L. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study aimed to examine changes in lean mass during hospitalization in geriatric patients and the effect of muscle activation by neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

Methods
Thirteen patients (69–94 yr) at a geriatric ward completed tests at hospital admission (days 2–3) and discharge (days 8–10). One leg received daily stimulation of the knee extensors, whereas the other leg served as a control leg. Lean mass was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans and muscle thickness by ultrasound scans. Muscle biopsies were collected from both legs at admission and discharge in nine patients and analyzed for fiber size, satellite cell number, and activation and expression of genes associated with muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, connective tissue, and cellular stress.

Results
The relative decline in leg lean mass and midthigh region lean mass was larger in the control (−2.8% ± 1.5%) versus the stimulated leg (−0.5% ± 1.4%, P < 0.05). Although there were no changes in fiber size or satellite cell number, the mRNA data revealed that, compared with control, the stimulation resulted in a downregulation of myostatin (P < 0.05) and a similar trend for MAFbx (P = 0.099), together with an upregulation of Collagen I (P < 0.001), TenascinC (P < 0.001), CD68 (P < 0.01), and Ki67 (P < 0.05) mRNA.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate a moderate decline in leg lean mass during a hospital stay in geriatric patients, whereas leg lean mass was preserved with daily neuromuscular electrical muscle activation. At the cellular level, the stimulation had a clear influence on suppression of atrophy signaling pathways in parallel with a stimulation of connective tissue and cellular remodeling processes.
The Effect of Shortening-induced Torque Depression on Fatigue-related Sex Differences
Authors: GABEL HALEY V. , DEBENHAM MATHEW I. B. , POWER GEOFFREY A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTResidual torque depression (rTD) is the decrease in isometric (ISO) torque after active shortening of skeletal muscle compared with a purely ISO contraction performed at the same muscle length and level of activation. Performance fatigability is defined as any exercise-induced reduction in voluntary force or power, and females are typically more fatigue resistant than males at low-intensity ISO contractions.PurposeThis study investigated performance fatigability in males and females during ISO contractions and ISO contractions after active shortening (rTD).MethodsFourteen females (22 ± 2 yr) and 14 males (23 ± 2 yr) performed three baseline maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the dorsiflexors. The MVCs were used to determine a 30% submaximal torque target, which participants matched as steadily as possible until task failure. The ISO fatigue task was performed at 10° plantar flexion. In the rTD session, the participants’ ankle was rotated from 40° to 10° plantar flexion before performing the same fatigue task. MVCs were performed immediately after task failure, 30 s, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min after task failure to track recovery.ResultsThe baseline MVC torque amplitude for males (32.1 ± 6.6 N·m) was 31% greater than that for females (22.3 ± 3.1 N·m;P< 0.001, ηp2= 0.490). Females’ time to task failure was 44% longer than that of males in the ISO state (P= 0.032, ηp2= 0.164). However, there was no sex difference in the rTD state (P= 0.142).ConclusionIt seems that the sex differences in fatigue resistance observed in a low-intensity ISO task are abolished in the ISO state after an active shortening contraction.
A Limb-specific Strategy across a Range of Running Speeds in Transfemoral Amputees
Authors: SAKATA HIROYUKI , HASHIZUME SATORU , TAKEMURA HIROSHI , HOBARA HIROAKI 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study investigated the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) variables and spatiotemporal parameters related to running speed across a range of speeds in sprinters with unilateral transfemoral amputation who used running-specific prostheses (RSPs).

Methods
Ten sprinters with unilateral transfemoral amputation ran on an instrumented treadmill at incremental speeds of 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% of the average speed of their 100-m personal best (100%) while using their RSPs. The vGRF data were collected at 1000 Hz during each trial. We calculated the vGRF variables and spatiotemporal parameters, including the stance average vGRF (F
avg), step frequency (Freqstep), and contact length (L
c; the length traveled by a runner’s body during the stance phase).

Results
All three mechanical variables related to speed (F
avg, Freqstep, and L
c) were similar for both the unaffected and affected limbs at relatively slower speeds, and these variables increased with speed for each limb. Although Freqstep remained similar between the limbs at relatively faster speeds, the affected limb exerted 11% smaller F
avg and showed 12% longer L
c than the unaffected limb.

Conclusion
These results suggest that, in order to achieve a faster running speed, runners with unilateral transfemoral amputation using RSPs likely adopt limb-specific biomechanical strategies for the unaffected and affected limbs, where the smaller F
avg of the affected limb would be compensated by the longer L
c of the affected limb, without achieving a higher Freqstep.
АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ СЕМАНТИКИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ В РУССКОЙ И АНГЛИЙСКОЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРАХ
Authors: Telegina Elena Vasilievna , Talapina Marina Borisovna 
Published: November 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу русских и английских фразеологических единиц с точки зрения аксиологического аспекта их языковой семантики.Методология проведения работы. Рассмотрение семантики проводится на материале фразеологических единиц с компонентами-числительными в оценочно-культурологическом ключе, что позволяет уточнить характер выражаемой оценки с точки зрения лингвокультурологии. Анализ языковой семантики фразеологических единиц в русском и английском языках проводится в русле сопоставительного метода с использованием метода компонентного анализа в его дефиниционном варианте, а также частичным использованием статистических методик. Для лингвистического описания фразеологических единиц по выявленным тематическим группам используется комплекс синхронных приемов анализа, а именно общенаучные методы исследования, такие как анализ, синтез, сравнение, классификация.Результаты. Определены общие и отличительные особенности актуализации аксиологической составляющей узуальной семантики русских и английских фразеологических единиц с компонентами-числительными.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования позволяют уточнить информацию о культурном своеобразии типа оценки на уровне коллективного знания в русской и английской языковых картинах мира.
ПРОБЛЕМА СОХРАНЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ПРИ ПЕРЕВОДЕ ФОЛЬКЛОРНОГО ТЕКСТА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПЕРЕВОДА НАРТОВСКОГО ЭПОСА)
Authors: Bizikoeva Lana Sergeevna 
Published: November 2019

Цель. Статья посвящена проблемам перевода осетинского варианта Нартовского эпоса на разноструктурные языки (русский, английский и французский). Новизна исследования заключается в том, что тексты переводов Нартовского эпоса впервые анализируются с позиций фольклористического перевода. Цель исследования заключается в лингво-культурологическом анализе переводов текстов отдельных сказаний (кадагов), подтверждающем, что подход переводчиков к переводу фольклорных текстов отличается от перевода других художественных текстов.Основные методы, использованные в исследовании: описательно-аналитический, сравнительно-сопоставительный (контрастивный) и метод контекстологического анализа.Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования выявлено, что, несмотря на отдельные недостатки, такие как семантические несоответствия, переводчикам удается добиться целей фольклористического перевода, а именно легкости и доступности понимания текста.Область применения результатов. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты могут быть использованы в преподавании теории и практики перевода, лингвокультурологии, сопоставительной лексикологии осетинского и русского языков, осетинского и французского языков, осетинского и английского языков.
СОЗДАНИЕ ИРОНИИ И ЕЁ ПЕРЕВОД В РАССКАЗАХ Г. БЕЛЛЯ
Authors: Akasheva Tatiana Valentinovna , Rakhimova Nuriya Mukhametovna 
Published: November 2019

В настоящей статье рассматриваются механизмы создания иронии в рассказах Г. Белля и анализируются способы их перевода на русский язык. Актуальность исследования обусловлена когнитивным подходом, позволяющим выявить средства выражения и передачи иронии.Цель. Целью является лингвокогнитивный анализ создания иронии в художественном дискурсе и исследование переводческих стратегий переноса иронического дискурса в текст перевода.Методы и материалы. Материалом послужили 39 контекстуальных примеров, отобранных методом сплошной выборки из рассказов Г. Белля.Методы исследования: лингвокогнитивный анализ, методописания, контекстуальный анализ, сравнительно-­сопоставительный анализ и интерпретация.Результаты. В результате исследования было выявлено, что используемый для концептуализации окружающей действительности иронический текст содержит высказывание, в котором одновременно возникает два и более смыслов, при этом они либо сосуществуют, либо подменяют друг друга. Г. Белль создает ироническую модель ситуации посредством столкновения фреймов и их объединения в одной модели ситуации, в результате чего возникает новый иронический эффект за счет факторов когнитивного и лингвистического характера. Задача переводчика художественного текста состоит в том, чтобы понять авторский замысел и сделать успешный трансфер в другую культуру. Для этого переводчик обращается к фреймовым структурам понятным реципиенту принимающей культуры.Область применения результатов. Результаты данного исследования могут использоваться при дальнейшем изучении когнитивных особенностей текста. Кроме того, выводы, сделанные на основе сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа эмпирического материала могут быть использованы в переводоведении и стилистике.
Clinical Value of Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Thyroid Malignancies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dundar Yusuf , Mandle Quinton , Samantray Julia , Hotaling Jeffrey , Rizvi Syed , Cramer John , Lin Ho-Sheng , Raza Syed Naweed 
Published: November 2019

Background:There is currently no consensus on the role of pulmonary metastasectomy(PM) for thyroid malignancies. The main objective of this study is therefore to systematically determine if there is any survival benefit to PM and determine good candidates for metastasectomy.
Methods: A systematic review of relevant studies was performed, evaluating articles identified using the PubMed, Cochrane and MEDLINE databases according to PRISMA-guidelines.
Results:The initial literature search yielded 18 articles of which 7 met inclusion criteria. Only data on thyroid cancers were included in the systematic review. A total of 174 patients who underwent PM were analyzed. The mean age was 54.8(range: 10-90), and 52.5% of patients were female. The overall absolute 5-year survival rate was 67.7% (range: 32.5-84.0%) for patients undergoing PM. The reported post-surgical complication rate overall was 14.4% and two peri-operative deaths were reported. Three papers reported the following as good prognostic factors: Papillary histology, younger age(<45), disease free interval>3 years, R0 resection, systematic lymphadenectomy, thyroglobulin <10 ng and thyroglobulin reduction >80% after metastasectomy.
Conclusion:This study is the first systematic review evaluating the clinical role of PM for thyroid cancer in the literature to date. PM may offer prolonged survival over traditional therapy for selected patients.
Experiences of individuals with arthritis who participate in quilting-related leisure activities
Authors: Proffitt Rachel , Abraham Meredith , Hughes Christina 
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims Individuals with arthritis experience physiological impacts from the condition that affect their participation in everyday activities. The latest literature suggests a need for more in-depth exploration of how hand impairments impact participation in leisure activities. This qualitative study explores the lived experience of individuals with arthritis who participate in quilting and sewing as a leisure activity. Methods The Person-Environment-Occupation model provided a framework for this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four individuals with arthritis. Participants interviewed in person also gave feedback on quilting tools. Results Environmental supports (from tools or social circles) and physiological changes from the arthritis impacted performance of and participation in quilting. The participants were already independently making modifications to maximise participation in quilting and sewing, even though none had consulted with health care professionals. Conclusions Knowledge of task analysis and ergonomics allows occupational therapists to support performance through collaboration with clients on modifications to support participation.
<p><strong>A new species of the genus <em>Eripus</em> Dejean (Peleciini: Carabidae: Coleoptera) from Honduras</strong></p>
Authors: SOKOLOV IGOR 
Published: November 2019

A new species of the genus Eripus, E. balli, sp. nov. is described from Honduras (Honduras, Cortés, Parque Nacional Cusuco). Digital images of the new species and its relatives are given for comparison. A taxonomic key as well as a distribution map for Honduran species of Eripus are provided. Key words: Coleoptera, Carabidae, Peleciini, Eripus, new species, distribution, Honduras, Chiapas Highlands province, Chiapan—Guatemalan Highlands
Early Paracentesis in High-Risk Hospitalized Patients: Time for a New Quality Indicator
Authors: Rosenblatt Russell , Tafesh Zaid , Shen Nicole , Cohen-Mekelburg Shirley , Kumar Sonal , Lucero Catherine , Brown Robert S. , Verna Elizabeth , Fortune Brett , Jesudian Arun 
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Symptomatic ascites is the most common indication for hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis. Although guidelines recommend paracentesis for all inpatients with ascites, the timing of paracentesis is likely to be crucial. Performance of an early paracentesis and its relationship to outcomes are unknown, particularly among patients at high risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).

METHODS:
We included 75,462 discharges of adult patients with cirrhosis presenting with ascites who underwent paracentesis from the State Inpatient Databases of New York, Florida, and Washington from 2009 to 2013. High-risk patients were identified as having concomitant hepatic encephalopathy or acute kidney injury present on admission. The primary outcome was performance of early paracentesis (within 1 hospital day) with secondary outcomes being inpatient mortality, SBP-related mortality, and 30-day readmission. Multivariable logistic regression models included a priori covariates known to impact outcomes.

RESULTS:
There were 43,492 (57.6%) patients who underwent early paracentesis. High-risk patients (27,496) had lower rates of early paracentesis (52.8% vs 60.5%, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, high-risk patients had significantly decreased odds of undergoing early paracentesis (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.78, P < 0.001). Early paracentesis was associated with a reduced inpatient all-cause mortality (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.63–0.73, P < 0.001), SBP-related mortality (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.94, P = 0.01), and 30-day readmission (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82–0.92, P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
Early paracentesis is associated with reduced inpatient mortality, SBP-related mortality, and 30-day readmission. Given its impact on outcomes, early paracentesis should be a new quality metric. Further education and interventions are needed to improve both adherence and outcomes.
Lactulose Breath Testing as a Predictor of Response to Rifaximin in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea
Authors: Rezaie Ali , Heimanson Zeev , McCallum Richard , Pimentel Mark 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:
The nonsystemic antibiotic rifaximin is indicated for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in adults; however, determinants of response remain unclear. The utility of lactulose breath testing (LBT) in predicting response to rifaximin was examined.

METHODS:
Adults with IBS-D received open-label rifaximin 550 mg 3 times daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 4-week posttreatment assessment period. Thirteen centers prospectively participated in this substudy. LBT was conducted before (day 1) and after (day 14) therapy (breath samples obtained every 15 minutes; up to 240 minutes). Patient response (decrease from baseline of ≥30% in abdominal pain and ≥50% decrease in frequency of mushy/watery stool), symptom improvement, and the relationship of clinical outcomes to LBT results were assessed.

RESULTS:
A total of 93 patients were included; 62 (66.7%) had positive baseline LBT results. Overall, 48.4% (45/93) of patients responded to rifaximin; of these, 59.7% (37/62) had a positive baseline LBT vs 25.8% (8/31) with a negative LBT (P = 0.002; odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.5–12.7). Patients with a positive baseline LBT result experienced significantly greater improvement from baseline in 6 of 7 individual IBS symptoms. LBT results after rifaximin therapy did not correlate with clinical response in the 86 patients with evaluable breath tests (P = 0.21); however, patients whose LBT results normalized after rifaximin had the highest response rate of 76.5% (13/17).

DISCUSSION:
A positive baseline LBT result predicted a higher likelihood of response to rifaximin in IBS-D, suggesting a gut microbiome modulatory mechanism of action for rifaximin.