bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, identification and 16S rRNA gene analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from the Gymnocypris przewalskii
Authors: Zhang Hongjian , Cai Qigang , Zhao Jing , Fan Yuxia , Kong Fanlin , Gao Xiaolong , Tong Linna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Yersinia enterocolitica is a human-animal-fish-associated infectious diarrhea pathogen that has caused widespread international attention in recent years. Many strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were identified from different animal species, but there is no information reported Yersinia enterocolitica in Gymnocypris przewalskii. The Gymnocypris przewalskii is a very important species in the Qinghai Lake. They were listed in the China' s second-class protected animal species. Preliminary research on the distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica and the drug sensitive fauna test on Gymnocypris przewalskii was a urgent solving problem for which maintain the original ecological symbiotic system and restore Gymnocypris przewalskii resource. In order to solve these issues, we performed this research.Methods: Pathogen of Yersinia enterocolitica of 75 death Gymnocypris przewalskii was isolated by routine isolation culture and identification technique in fishing bank of Xining. At the same time, the drug sensitive fauna test had been detected. At the meantime, 16S rRNA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica was cloned and sequences identified.Results: The results showed that 5 strains Yersinia enterocolitica were obtained, positive ratio was 6.67% (5/75). 1 strains bacteria had lethal effect to mice by pathogenic test. The average drug-resistant of 5 strain Yersinia enterocolitica was 54.29% (38/70) to 14 kinds of antibiotic. The result of 16S rRNA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica identified showed that one piece of 1419 bp specific braid was obtained. The homologies of nucleotide of 16S rRNA were 91%-95% between 15 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica from GenBank by measuring sequence.Conclusion: Yersinia enterocolitica can infect Gymnocypris przewalskii. Some strains cause lethal effect to mice and have drug-resistant effect. The 16S rRNA gene matches 91%-95% with other strains nucleotides download from GenBank and forms a unique branch separated from them.Trial registration: During this research, we didn’t need to apply for trail and have no trial registration number.
Development, Implementation and Evaluation of Educational Package for Controlling Metabolic Syndrome Components: a quasi-experimental trial in Iran
Authors: Aein Afsaneh , Omidi Negar , Khatami Farnaz , Samat Shahed , Khorgami Mohammad Rafie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background This study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the impact of lifestyle education package in order to control metabolic syndrome components.Methods Totally, 72 women and men aged 18-68 years with MetS from two health centers enrolled through randomized sampling to either intervention group who take usual care plus a 3-month lifestyle modification intervention or control group. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and fasting blood glucose were assessed at baseline and after 3month.Results Lifestyle modification program was associated with modest weight loss (2 ± 0.4 kg, P<0.001), a significant reduction in waist circumference (2.3 ± 0.9 cm, P <0.001) and hip circumference (1 ± 0.3cm, P <0.001), and a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure (5.3 ± 1.4 mm Hg, P<0.001) compared with baseline values in the intervention group. Also, 33.8% of the changes in metabolic syndrome components were attributable to educational intervention (P<0.001, F= 5.27).Conclusions Lifestyle educational package had a significant effect on waist, hip circumference, and diastolic blood pressure at a 3-month. It is suggested that long-term educational interventions should perform to control other MetS components such as blood sugar and systolic blood pressure.Retrospectively registered: This study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials (IRCT20200212046470N1), on 2020-02-23.
Oral neuromuscular training in patients with dysphagia after stroke: a prospective, randomized, open-label study with blinded evaluators
Authors: Hägglund Patricia , Hägg Mary , Jäghagen Eva Levring , Larsson Bengt , Wester Per 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral and pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction are common complications in acute stroke patients. This primary aim of this study was to determine whether oral neuromuscular training improves swallowing function in participants with swallowing dysfunction after stroke. A secondary aim was to assess how well results of the timed water-swallow test (TWST) correspond with swallowing dysfunction diagnosed by videofluoroscopy (VFS). Methods: This was an intention-to-treat two-centre prospective randomized open-label study with blinded-evaluators (PROBE) design. At 4 weeks after stroke onset, participants with swallowing dysfunction were randomized to 5 weeks of continued orofacial sensory-vibration stimulation with an electric toothbrush or additional oral neuromuscular training with an oral device (Muppy®). Participants were examined with TWST, a lip-force test, and VFS before (baseline), after 5 weeks’ training (the end-of-treatment), and 12 months after treatment (follow-up). The primary endpoint was changes in swallowing rate assessed using TWST, from baseline to the end of training and from baseline to follow-up based on intention-to-treat analyses. The secondary endpoint was the corresponding changes in lip-force between baseline, the end-of-treatment, and follow-up. Results: The participants were randomly assigned as controls ( n = 20) or for intervention with oral neuromuscular training ( n = 20). After treatment, both groups had improved significantly (intervention, P < 0.001; controls, P = 0.001) in TWST but there was no significant between-group difference in swallowing rate. At the 12-month follow-up, the intervention group had improved further whereas the controls had deteriorated, and there were significant between-group differences in swallowing rate ( P = 0.032) and lip force ( P = 0.001). A TWST <10 mL/sec at baseline corresponded to VFS-verified swallowing dysfunction in all assessed participants. Conclusion: The 5-week oral neuromuscular training improved swallowing function in participants with post-stroke dysphagia compared with the controls 12 months after intervention, but there was no between-group difference in improvement immediately after treatment. TWST results corresponded with VFS results, making TWST a feasible method for identifying persons with swallowing dysfunction after stroke. Larger randomized controlled trials are required to confirm our preliminary positive long-term results. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04164420. Registered on 15 November 2019.
Up-flow vs downflow anaerobic digester reactor configurations for treatment of fats-oil-grease laden poultry slaughterhouse wastewater: a review
Authors: Basitere M. , Njoya M. , Ntwampe S. K. O. , Sheldon M. S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The process of anaerobic digestion has been and still remains the most efficient, cost effective and environmentally benign treatment process for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW). The PSW is characterized by a high concentration in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and fats, oil including grease (FOG). The reactor configuration influences the performance of such anaerobic systems in the treatment of such oily wastewater. The up-flow reactor configuration provided by the Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Bioreactor or the Expanded Granular Sludge Bioreactor (EGSB) are highly dependent on up-flow velocity, which often contributes to periodical sludge washout during the treatment of PSW with high FOG and total suspended solids (TSS) concentration, resulting in poor reactor performance in comparison with downflow reactors such as the Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR), which achieves high organic load removal efficiency particularly when treating PSW due to its ability to retain sludge granules and solidified residue within the reactor. The washout of the sludge results from sludge flotation, which is induced by the inhibition of the anaerobic granular biomass by the accumulation of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from poor hydrolysis. The aim of this review is to highlight reactor configuration deficiencies, and to elaborate on the advantages of using anaerobic digestion for the treatment of FOG-laden PSW, with a focus on reactor performance. Additionally, a comparative analysis between up-flow reactors, such as the UASB including EGSB, and downflow reactors, such as SGBR, was performed.
Militarización de la frontera e inmigración ilegal: los jornaleros tamaulipecos
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro 
Published: March 2020

Tamaulipas presenta una larga tradición de emigración de su población rural a los Estados Unidos en busca de empleos agrarios. Hasta los años ochenta los trabajadores indocumentados tamaulipecos cruzaban la frontera sin muchas dificultades. Sin embargo, a partir de los años noventa, como resultado de una política de contención de la emigración ilegal centrada únicamente del lado de la oferta, el cruce de la frontera se torna más problemático, y los inmigrantes se ven obligados a contratar de forma generalizada los servicios de “polleros”. Este artículo analiza el impacto de la militarización de la frontera en la emigración irregular de trabajadores rurales tamaulipecos que buscan empleos agrarios en Estados Unidos.
Calidad de vida relacionada con características sociodemográficas y clínicas en niños con parálisis cerebral
Authors: Bolaños-Roldán Ana Marcela 
Published: March 2020

La parálisis cerebral (PC) es la causa más frecuente de discapacidad en la infancia. El objetivo fue determinar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) de niños y niñas entre 8 y 12 años con PC y relacionarlo con características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Estudio descriptivo correlacional; se aplicó cuestionario con información sociodemográfica y clínica y el Kidscreen 27 a una población de 100 niños con PC o a sus cuidadores principales, para el caso de aquellos con dificultades cognitivas o comunicativas. La dimensión de entorno escolar y estado de ánimo y sentimientos fueron mejor percibidas. En los niños más pequeños (8 a 9 años) se encontró una mejor percepción sobre la actividad física y la vida familiar y el tiempo libre, mientras que los niños mayores (10 a 12 años) en el dominio de apoyo social y amigos. Los niños de estrato socioeconómico alto dieron mayor puntuación en todos los dominios de calidad de vida al igual que los niños menos comprometidos en su función motora gruesa. El más alto nivel educativo de los cuidadores, estrato socioeconómico alto y menor severidad en el compromiso motor en los niños con PC, se relaciona con una mejor calidad de vida.
Diosmetin Induces Apoptosis by Downregulating AKT Phosphorylation via P53 Activation in Human Renal Carcinoma ACHN Cells
Authors: Qiu Mingning , Liu Jie , Su Yongxia , Guo Rong , Zhao Baoyu , Liu Jianjun 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Diosmetin (DIOS) is the aglycone of the flavonoid glycoside, diosmin, derived
naturally from the leaves of the legume, Olea europaea, and Acacia farnesiana. It has potent
anticancer activity against multiple forms of cancers. However, the role of DIOS in renal carcinoma
and its mechanism of action remain unclear.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of DIOS on cell viability and apoptosis
in renal carcinoma cells and explore the possible mechanism of action.

Methods:
Cell viability, cytotoxicity, caspase activity, apoptosis, and expression of apoptotic related
proteins were analyzed in renal carcinoma ACHN cells.

Results:
The results showed that DIOS inhibited the cell viability, and induced cytotoxicity and
apoptosis in ACHN cells. Furthermore, DIOS increased expression of p53 mRNA and proteins,
and downregulated phosphorylation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein B kinase
(PI3K/AKT). In addition, it was observed that the anticancer effect of DIOS was significantly enhanced
by the p53 activator, but inhibited by the p53 inhibitor.

Conclusion:
Our data suggested that DIOS induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma ACHN cells by
reducing AKT phosphorylation through p53 upregulation.
Production of Fibrinolytic Protease from a Halobacterium Bacillus licheniformis VITLMS Isolated from Marine Sponges of Rameshwaram Coast, India
Authors: Kumar Lalith K.C. , Samuel Merlyn K. , Mooventhan Hemalatha , Arumugam Mohanapriya , Vaithialingam Mohanasrinivasan , Chandrasekaran Subathra D. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Marine bacteria serve as excellent sources of therapeutic enzymes, metabolites
and natural products, which possess novel therapeutic properties. Increasing death rates due to
cardiovascular diseases urge for cost-effective production of the fibrinolytic enzyme.

Methods:
In this study, marine sponge samples were screened for potent fibrinolytic producing bacteria.
The primary screening was done for protease production, and clot lysis activity. The secondary
screening was done for casein plasminogen activity and fibrinolytic activity. The strain
which had potent fibrinolytic activity among them was further subjected to morphological, biochemical
and molecular characterization. Media optimization was carried out to enhance enzyme
production. The enzyme produced was subjected to purification using ammonium sulfate precipitation,
gel filtration and characterized using HPLC and FTIR analysis.

Results:
Sponge was identified to be Desmapsamma anchorata. Thirteen bacterial isolates were
isolated from the sponge sample. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the potential strain had
99% similarity with Bacillus licheniformis. Amongst the isolates, most were found to be morphologically
identical to the Bacillus genus. Gram’s staining and SEM analysis of the potent isolate
were performed to identify the spore formation and rod-shaped morphology of the bacteria. The optimal
temperature and pH for the production of the enzyme were 37°C and 8, respectively. The carbon
source maltose and nitrogen sources were malt extract and yeast extract that were found to be
optimal. The optimum incubation time was found to be 4 to 5 days. The crude supernatant was purified
with ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The retention time of
11.3 min and the presence of functional groups show the purity of the enzyme. The partially purified
enzyme showed 96.4% clot lysis in artificial clot lysis activity.

Conclusion:
Although the secretion of fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus species is not new,
based on our investigation, there are no reports regarding Bacillus licheniformis being isolated
from marine sponges. However, there are reports of Bacillus licheniformis secreting fibrinolytic enzymes
isolated from fermented food samples. This study identifies the marine environment as a potential
source of new exploration for drug discovery.
Efficacy of a Green Banana–Mixed Diet in the Management of Persistent Diarrhea: Protocol for an Open-Labeled, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarmin Monira , Hossain Md Iqbal , Islam Shoeb Bin , Alam Nur Haque , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Islam M Munirul , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Islam S M Rafiqul , Mahfuz Mustafa , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: March 2020

Background
Diarrhea is the second-leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. In low- and middle-income countries, 3%-20% of acute diarrheal episodes become persistent diarrhea (PD) (ie, duration ≥14 days), which results in 36%-56% of all diarrheal deaths. In Bangladesh, PD causes >25% of diarrhea-related deaths. Commensal gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly recognized in the pathogenesis of PD. Hospital-based management of PD requires a hospital stay, which increases the risk of infection and hospital costs. The higher cost of treatment and high case-fatality rates reiterate PD as an important public health problem. At the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), for the last two decades, a consensus-based guideline has been followed for PD. Observation has revealed that green banana helps in the resolution of diarrhea. However, no larger prospective study has been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of green banana in the management of PD among children older than 6 months of age.

Objective
Our objective is to assess the efficacy of full-strength rice suji with and without green banana compared to three-quarter-strength rice suji in the management of PD in children aged 6-36 months at the Dhaka Hospital of the icddr,b.

Methods
This open-labeled, randomized controlled study aims to enroll a total of 145 children with PD who have not been improving on a diet of milk suji. Children will be randomized into three different diet-specific groups: full-strength rice suji containing green banana, full-strength rice suji alone, and three-quarter-strength rice suji. The primary outcome is the percentage of children who recovered from diarrhea by day 5.

Results
Recruitment and data collection began in December 2017 and were completed in November 2019. Results are expected by April 2020.

Conclusions
This study is expected to provide insights into the incorporation of green banana into the dietary management of PD. This would be the first study to investigate the role of microbiota and metabolomics in the pathogenesis of PD.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03366740; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03366740

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/15759
The Association Between Pain Relief Using Video Games and an Increase in Vagal Tone in Children With Cancer: Analytic Observational Study With a Quasi-Experimental Pre/Posttest Methodology
Authors: Alonso Puig Mario , Alonso-Prieto Mercedes , Miró Jordi , Torres-Luna Raquel , Plaza López de Sabando Diego , Reinoso-Barbero Francisco 
Published: March 2020

Background
Patients with secondary pain due to mucositis after chemotherapy require treatment with morphine. Use of electronic video games (EVGs) has been shown to be an effective method of analgesia in other clinical settings.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to assess the association between the use of EVGs and the intensity of pain caused by chemotherapy-induced mucositis in pediatric patients with cancer. The secondary objective was to assess the association between changes in pain intensity and sympathetic-parasympathetic balance in this sample of pediatric patients.

Methods
Clinical records were compared between the day prior to the use of EVGs and the day after the use of EVGs. The variables were variations in pupil size measured using the AlgiScan video pupilometer (IDMed, Marseille, France), heart rate variability measured using the Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) monitor (Mdoloris Medical Systems, Loos, France), intensity of pain measured using the Numerical Rating Scale (score 0-10), and self-administered morphine pump parameters.

Results
Twenty patients (11 girls and nine boys; mean age 11.5 years, SD 4.5 years; mean weight 41.5 kg, SD 20.7 kg) who met all the inclusion criteria were recruited. EVGs were played for a mean of 2.3 (SD 1.3) hours per day, resulting in statistically significant changes. After playing EVGs, there was significantly lower daily morphine use (before vs after playing EVGs: 35.9 vs 28.6 µg/kg/day, P=.003), lower demand for additional pain relief medication (17 vs 9.6 boluses in 24 hours, P=.001), lower scores of incidental pain intensity (7.7 vs 5.4, P=.001), lower scores of resting pain (4.8 vs 3.2, P=.01), and higher basal parasympathetic tone as measured using the ANI monitor (61.8 vs 71.9, P=.009). No variation in pupil size was observed with the use of EVGs.

Conclusions
The use of EVGs in pediatric patients with chemotherapy-induced mucositis has a considerable analgesic effect, which is associated physiologically with an increase in parasympathetic vagal tone despite lower consumption of morphine.
Affect-Focused Psychodynamic Internet-Based Therapy for Adolescent Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lindqvist Karin , Mechler Jakob , Carlbring Per , Lilliengren Peter , Falkenström Fredrik , Andersson Gerhard , Johansson Robert , Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Dahl Hanne-Sofie J , Lindert Bergsten Katja , Midgley Nick , Sandell Rolf , Thorén Agneta , Topooco Naira , Ulberg Randi , Philips Björn 
Published: March 2020

Background
Adolescent depression is one of the largest health issues in the world and there is a pressing need for effective and accessible treatments.

Objective
This trial examines whether affect-focused internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) with therapist support is more effective than an internet-based supportive control condition on reducing depression in adolescents.

Methods
The trial included 76 adolescents (61/76, 80% female; mean age 16.6 years), self-referred via an open access website and fulfilling criteria for major depressive disorder. Adolescents were randomized to 8 weeks of IPDT (38/76, 50%) or supportive control (38/76, 50%). The primary outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms, measured with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for Adolescents (QIDS-A17-SR). Secondary outcomes were anxiety severity, emotion regulation, self-compassion, and an additional depression measure. Assessments were made at baseline, postassessment, and at 6 months follow-up, in addition to weekly assessments of the primary outcome measure as well as emotion regulation during treatment.

Results
IPDT was significantly more effective than the control condition in reducing depression (d=0.82, P=.01), the result of which was corroborated by the second depression measure (d=0.80, P<.001). IPDT was also significantly more effective in reducing anxiety (d=0.78, P<.001) and increasing emotion regulation (d=0.97, P<.001) and self-compassion (d=0.65, P=.003). Significantly more patients in the IPDT group compared to the control group met criteria for response (56% vs 21%, respectively) and remission (35% vs 8%, respectively). Results on depression and anxiety symptoms were stable at 6 months follow-up. On average, participants completed 5.8 (SD 2.4) of the 8 modules.

Conclusions
IPDT may be an effective intervention to reduce adolescent depression. Further research is needed, including comparisons with other treatments.

Trial Registration
International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 16206254; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16206254
Journeys in Evangelical America
Authors: Bjerre-Poulsen Niels 
Published: March 2020

- Nancy T- Ammerman's 'Bible Believers: Fundamentalists in the Modern World'
- James Davison Hunter's 'Evangelicalism: The Coming Generation'
- Randall Balmer's 'Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory: A Journey Into the Evangelical Subculture in America'
- Michael D'Antonio's 'Fall From Grace: The Failed Crusade of the Christian Right'
AS EXPERIÊNCIAS INICIAIS DE ORGANIZAÇÃO POLÍTICO-SINDICAL DO NOVO OPERARIADO BRASILEIRO: O CASO DOS OPERÁRIOS CALÇADISTAS NO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Ferraz Cristiano Lima 
Published: March 2020

O artigo trata das experiencias iniciais de organização político-sindical de um segmento do novo operariado brasileiro no Sudoeste da Bahia, entre 1998 e 2011. Analisa o processo de constituição de tais ações político- organizativas, seus impasses e resultados durante o período delimitado.