bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily exposure to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and potential health risk associated with use of high and low nicotine e-liquid concentrations
Authors: Kosmider Leon , Cox Sharon , Zaciera Marzena , Kurek Jolanta , Goniewicz Maciej L. , McRobbie Hayden , Kimber Catherine , Dawkins Lynne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that e-cigarette users tend to change their puffing behaviors when using e-liquids with reduced nicotine concentrations by taking longer and more frequent puffs. Using puffing regimens modelled on puffing topography data from 19 experienced e-cigarette users who switched between 18 and 6 mg/mL e-liquids with and without power adjustments, differences in daily exposure to carbonyl compounds and estimated changes in cancer risk were assessed by production of aerosols generated using a smoking machine and analyzed using gas and liquid chromatography. Significant differences across conditions were found for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (p < 0.01). Switching from a higher to a lower nicotine concentration was associated with greater exposure regardless of whether power settings were fixed or adjustable which is likely due to increased liquid consumption under lower nicotine concentration settings. Daily exposure for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was higher for 17/19 participants when using low (6 mg/mL) compared with high (18 mg/mL) nicotine e-liquid concentration when power was fixed. When power adjustments were permitted, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels were higher respectively for 16/19 and 14/19 participants with the use of 6 compared with 18 mg/mL nicotine e-liquid.
An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Stroke Mortality Attributable to Low Physical Activity in China and Japan: Data from the GBD Study 1990–2016
Authors: Cao Jinhong , Eshak Ehab S. , Liu Keyang , Yang Jin , Gero Krisztina , Liu Zhiming , Yu Chuanhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStroke is the first and fourth leading cause of death in China and Japan, respectively. Physical inactivity was suggested to be one of the most important risk factors for stroke mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess long-term trends in stroke mortality attributable to low physical activity (LPA) in China and Japan during the period 1990–2016. Mortality data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) and were analyzed with an age-period-cohort method. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) showed declining trends for LPA-attributable stroke mortality. The overall net drift per year was −1.3% for Chinese men, −2.9% for Chinese women, −3.9% for Japanese men, and −5.6% for Japanese women. In both countries, the local drift values were below zero in all age groups. The longitudinal age curves of LPA-attributable stroke mortality were higher in men than in women in all age groups. The period and cohort rate ratios showed similar downward patterns for both sexes, with a faster decline for women than for men. However, the physically active population is still small in both countries. Therefore, policymakers should further promote physical activity as one of the most recommended effective strategies in stroke prevention.
CREB1 is affected by the microRNAs miR-22-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-221-3p and correlates with adverse clinicopathological features in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Friedrich Michael , Heimer Nadine , Stoehr Christine , Steven André , Wach Sven , Taubert Helge , Hartmann Arndt , Seliger Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB1) has been shown to be involved in diverse biological pathways including the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and metastasis. In this context, aberrant expression of CREB1 and the functional consequences are well investigated in a number of hematopoietic and solid tumors. However, CREB1 expression and underlying control mechanisms are only poorly analyzed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The present study confirmed a deregulation of CREB1 protein in the clear cell type of RCC (ccRCC) and analysis of in-house ccRCC cell lines suggested a post-transcriptional control. The combination of miRNA enrichment assay, in silico analysis and molecular biological approaches revealed four novel CREB1-regulating miRNAs, namely miR-22-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-221-3p. Categorizing RCC samples as CREB1 negative or positive, respectively, the expression of these miRNAs was found to be inversely correlated with CREB1 protein levels. Analyzing 453 consecutive RCC tumors by immunohistochemistry, weakly negative, but significant correlations of CREB1 with tumor stage and grade, vascular invasion (V1) and lymphovascular invasion (L1) were found. In this respect, ccRCC might differ from other solid tumors like esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma or glioma.
Metabolic basis of neuronal vulnerability to ischemia; an in vivo untargeted metabolomics approach
Authors: Rashad Sherif , Saigusa Daisuke , Yamazaki Takahiro , Matsumoto Yotaro , Tomioka Yoshihisa , Saito Ritsumi , Uruno Akira , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Yamamoto Masayuki , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the root causes of neuronal vulnerability to ischemia is paramount to the development of new therapies for stroke. Transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) leads to selective neuronal cell death in the CA1 sub-region of the hippocampus, while the neighboring CA3 sub-region is left largely intact. By studying factors pertaining to such selective vulnerability, we can develop therapies to enhance outcome after stroke. Using untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed temporal metabolomic changes in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas following tGCI in rats till the setting of neuronal apoptosis. 64 compounds in CA1 and 74 in CA3 were found to be enriched and statistically significant following tGCI. Pathway analysis showed that pyrimidine and purine metabolism pathways amongst several others to be enriched after tGCI in CA1 and CA3. Metabolomics analysis was able to capture very early changes following ischemia. We detected 6 metabolites to be upregulated and 6 to be downregulated 1 hour after tGCI in CA1 versus CA3. Several metabolites related to apoptosis and inflammation were differentially expressed in both regions after tGCI. We offer a new insight into the process of neuronal apoptosis, guided by metabolomic profiling that was not performed to such an extent previously.
Why do nanowires grow with their c-axis vertically-aligned in the absence of epitaxy?
Authors: Azulay Almog R. , Turkulets Yury , Gaudio Davide Del , Goldman R. S. , Shalish Ilan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImages of uniform and upright nanowires are fascinating, but often, they are quite puzzling, when the substrate is clearly not an epitaxial template. Here, we reveal the physics underlying one such hidden growth guidance mechanism through a specific example - the case of ZnO nanowires grown on silicon oxide. We show how electric fields exerted by the insulating substrate may be manipulated through the surface charge to define the orientation and polarity of the nanowires. Surface charge is ubiquitous on the surfaces of semiconductors and insulators, and as a result, substrate electric fields need always be considered. Our results suggest a new concept, according to which the growth of wurtzite semiconductors may often be described as a process of electric-charge-induced self-assembly, wherein the internal built-in field in the polar material tends to align in parallel to an external field exerted by the substrate to minimize the interfacial energy of the system.
Study of the Dynamic Development Law of Overburden Breakage on Mining Faces
Authors: Zhu Hongqing , Fang Shuhao , Huo Yujia , Guo Jinlin , Wu Yan , Hu Lintao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBased on the geological conditions of overburden rock, the dynamic development law of overburden breakage was investigated by theoretical analysis and similarity model experiments in this paper. The formula of the compressive strength and No. ratio was obtained by testing the compressive strength of cylinder samples of similar materials. It can be seen from the overburden fracture evolution model established by theoretical calculations and similarity model experiments that the overlying rock layer’s breakage law is consistent. Additionally, the height of the “three zones” and the law of the fracture angle are basically consistent. Obtaining the synchronous collapse of the overlying strata controlled by the key strata, the interval of the upper key strata is larger than that of the lower key strata, and the mining interval is approximately double the size of the deformed rock height. According to the overburden movement, the distribution law of the overburden separation rate is obtained. The strain in the stress concentration area is negative, and when the stress is released suddenly, the strain increases rapidly. Fracture development is detected by the p-wave velocity in the model. Moreover, certain guidance for the horizon selection of high and low-level gas drainage roadways is provided by this study.
Improving the production efficiency of high-titania slag in Ti extraction process: fluxing effect on formation of pseudobrookite
Authors: Kim Dong Hyeon , Heo Jung Ho , Park Hyun Sik , Kim Jin Kyung , Park Joo Hyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated the carbothermic reduction process of ilmenite ore at 1873 K with flux addition. Without flux, the pseudobrookite phase with a high melting temperature was precipitated during ilmenite smelting. This could be the main reason for decreased reduction of iron in ilmenite. To accelerate reduction of ilmenite, two factors were considered. One is increasing the reduction driving force during smelting. Activity of FeO is the major factor to control reduction in driving force. The other factor is delay in formation of the pseudobrookite phase, a high-melting point precipitation phase. In this system, MgO in ilmenite could be used to form pseudobrookite. To control these factors, in this study, flux agent (i.e., Na2O or SiO2) addition was considered. The thermochemical simulation program, FactSageTM7.0 was used to calculate the viscosity of slag and the activity of components as fluxing agents were added. High-temperature experiments using an induction furnace were also conducted to confirm the computational results. To determine the composition of final products, i.e., titanium slag, X-ray fluorescence analysis was executed. As a result of Fe and Ti behaviours in slag, SiO2 addition showed no significant difference from the slag without flux. However, Fe reduction in ilmenite, i.e. TiO2-enrichment, was more accelerated when Na2O was added. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic analyses results also showed that even 1 wt% Na2O addition significantly influenced the titanium slag production compared to no flux addition.
Development of a new intraocular lens power calculation method based on lens position estimated with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Satou Tsukasa , Shimizu Kimiya , Tsunehiro Shuntaro , Igarashi Akihito , Kato Sayaka , Koshimizu Manabu , Niida Takahiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new method is developed and validated for intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation based on paraxial ray tracing of the postoperative IOL positions, which are obtained with the use of anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Of the 474 eyes studied, 137 and 337 were grouped into training and validation sets, respectively. The positions of the implanted IOLs of the training datasets were characterized with multiple linear regression analyses one month after the operations. A new regression formula was developed to predict the postoperative anterior chamber depth with the use of the stepwise analysis results. In the validation dataset, postoperative refractive values were calculated according to the paraxial ray tracing of the cornea and lens based on the assumption of finite structural thicknesses with separate surface curvatures. The predicted refraction error was calculated as the difference of the expected postoperative refraction from the spherical-equivalent objective refraction values. The percentage error (within ±0.50 diopters) of the new formula was 84.3%. This was not significantly correlated to the axial length or keratometry. The developed formula yielded excellent postoperative refraction predictions and could be applicable to eyes with abnormal proportions, such as steep or flat corneal curvatures and short and long axial lengths.
Vitamin C supports conversion of human γδ T cells into FOXP3-expressing regulatory cells by epigenetic regulation
Authors: Kouakanou Léonce , Peters Christian , Sun Qiwei , Floess Stefan , Bhat Jaydeep , Huehn Jochen , Kabelitz Dieter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman γδ T cells are potent cytotoxic effector cells, produce a variety of cytokines, and can acquire regulatory activity. Induction of FOXP3, the key transcription factor of regulatory T cells (Treg), by TGF-β in human Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells has been previously reported. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and acts as multiplier of DNA hydroxymethylation. Here we have investigated the effect of the more stable phospho-modified Vitamin C (pVC) on TGF-β-induced FOXP3 expression and the resulting regulatory activity of highly purified human Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells. pVC significantly increased the TGF-β-induced FOXP3 expression and stability and also increased the suppressive activity of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells. Importantly, pVC induced hypomethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) in the FOXP3 gene. Genome-wide methylation analysis by Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing additionally revealed differentially methylated regions in several important genes upon pVC treatment of γδ T cells. While Vitamin C also enhances effector functions of Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells in the absence of TGF-β, our results demonstrate that pVC potently increases the suppressive activity and FOXP3 expression in TGF-β-treated Vγ9 Vδ2 T cells by epigenetic modification of the FOXP3 gene.
Possible association between spindle frequency and reversal-learning in aged family dogs
Authors: Iotchev Ivaylo Borislavov , Szabó Dóra , Kis Anna , Kubinyi Enikő 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn both humans and dogs sleep spindle occurrence between acquisition and recall of a specific memory correlate with learning performance. However, it is not known whether sleep spindle characteristics are also linked to performance beyond the span of a day, except in regard to general mental ability in humans. Such a relationship is likely, as both memory and spindle expression decline with age in both species (in dogs specifically the density and amplitude of slow spindles). We investigated if spindle amplitude, density (spindles/minute) and/or frequency (waves/second) correlate with performance on a short-term memory and a reversal-learning task in old dogs (> 7 years), when measurements of behavior and EEG were on average a month apart. Higher frequencies of fast (≥ 13 Hz) spindles on the frontal and central midline electrodes, and of slow spindles (≤ 13 Hz) on the central midline electrode were linked to worse performance on a reversal-learning task. The present findings suggest a role for spindle frequency as a biomarker of cognitive aging across species: Changes in spindle frequency are associated with dementia risk and onset in humans and declining learning performance in the dog.
Cigarette smoking induces human CCR6+Th17 lymphocytes senescence and VEGF-A secretion
Authors: Baskara Indoumady , Kerbrat Stéphane , Dagouassat Maylis , Nguyen Hoang Quy , Guillot-Delost Maude , Surenaud Mathieu , Baillou Claude , Lemoine François M. , Morin Didier , Boczkowski Jorge , Le Gouvello Sabine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic exposure to environmental pollutants is often associated with systemic inflammation. As such, cigarette smoking contributes to inflammation and lung diseases by inducing senescence of pulmonary cells such as pneumocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Yet, how smoking worsens evolution of chronic inflammatory disorders associated with Th17 lymphocytes, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, is largely unknown. Results from human studies show an increase in inflammatory CD4+ Th17 lymphocytes at blood- and pulmonary level in smokers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity of CD4+ Th17 lymphocytes to cigarette smoke-induced senescence. Mucosa-homing CCR6+ Th17- were compared to CCR6neg -and regulatory T peripheral lymphocytes after exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Senescence sensitivity of CSE-exposed cells was assessed by determination of various senescence biomarkers (β-galactosidase activity, p16Ink4a- and p21 expression) and cytokines production. CCR6+ Th17 cells showed a higher sensitivity to CSE-induced senescence compared to controls, which is associated to oxidative stress and higher VEGFα secretion. Pharmacological targeting of ROS- and ERK1/2 signalling pathways prevented CSE-induced senescence of CCR6+Th17 lymphocytes as well as VEGFα secretion. Altogether, these results identify mechanisms by which pro-oxidant environmental pollutants contribute to pro-angiogenic and pathogenic CCR6+Th17 cells, therefore potential targets for therapeutic purposes.
Full genome sequencing of archived wild type and vaccine rinderpest virus isolates prior to their destruction
Authors: King Simon , Rajko-Nenow Paulina , Ropiak Honorata M. , Ribeca Paolo , Batten Carrie , Baron Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhen rinderpest virus (RPV) was declared eradicated in 2011, the only remaining samples of this once much-feared livestock virus were those held in various laboratories. In order to allow the destruction of our institute’s stocks of RPV while maintaining the ability to recover the various viruses if ever required, we have determined the full genome sequence of all our distinct samples of RPV, including 51 wild type viruses and examples of three different types of vaccine strain. Examination of the sequences of these virus isolates has shown that the African isolates form a single disparate clade, rather than two separate clades, which is more in accord with the known history of the virus in Africa. We have also identified two groups of goat-passaged viruses which have acquired an extra 6 bases in the long untranslated region between the M and F protein coding sequences, and shown that, for more than half the genomes sequenced, translation of the F protein requires translational frameshift or non-standard translation initiation. Curiously, the clade containing the lapinised vaccine viruses that were developed originally in Korea appears to be more similar to the known African viruses than to any other Asian viruses.
Intradurale intramedulläre Tumoren: Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Wostrack Maria , Meyer Bernhard 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIntramedulläre Tumoren sind ausgesprochen selten. Die häufigsten Entitäten sind Ependymome (überwiegend im Erwachsenenalter), Astrozytome (überwiegend im Kindesalter) und Hämangioblastome. Die Mehrheit sind gutartige oder niedriggradige langsam wachsende Neoplasien mit entsprechend langsam progredienter Klinik, die sich oft zuerst als ein unspezifisches Schmerzsyndrom und später als eine zunehmende Myelopathie zeigt. Die Ausnahme sind infiltrativ wachsende höhergradige Gliome, die eine rasch progrediente Verschlechterung bis hin zum akuten Querschnitt verursachen. Die Therapie intramedullärer Ependymome, pilozytischer WHO I Astrozytome und Hämangioblastome fokussiert sich in erster Linie auf die Komplettresektion des Tumors. Bei den beiden letztgenannten Entitäten ist damit meistens ein kuratives Ergebnis erreicht. Auch WHO I und II Ependymome zeigen nach einer chirurgischen Komplettresektion eine ausgesprochen benigne Prognose mit einem progressionsfreien 5-Jahres-Überleben von > 70 % und einem 5-Jahres-Gesamtüberleben von fast 90 %. Diffus wachsende astrozytäre Tumore können dagegen i. d. R. nicht komplett reseziert werden: hier ist das Ziel die Sicherung der Histologie und allenfalls Tumordebulking mit dem Ziel einer Syrinxdekompression und einer Stabilisierung der neurologischen Situation vor der geplanten adjuvanten Radiochemotherapie. Auch die Prognose dieser Entitäten ist deutlich schlechter: das mediane Gesamtüberleben der Patienten mit höhergradigen spinalen Gliomen beträgt lediglich 13 Monate.
Intradurale, extramedulläre Tumore: Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Onken Julia , Senger Carolin , Radke Josefine , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIntradurale, extramedulläre (IDEM) Tumore treten mit einer Inzidenz von 0,97/100 000 Personen pro Jahr auf. Die Kontrastmittel-gestützte Magnetresonanztomografie stellt den Goldstandard in der präoperativen Diagnostik und Nachsorge dar. Das klinische Beschwerdebild der Patienten richtet sich nach der Lokalisation des Befundes. Einschränkungen der Sensorik, Motorik, Propriozeption und des Vegetativum sind häufige Symptome ebenso wie Schmerzen. Schwannome, Meningeome und myxopapilläre Ependymome gehören zu den häufigsten, benignen IDEM-Tumorentitäten. Maligne IDEM-Tumore sind weitaus seltener. Differenzialdiagnostisch kann es sich hierbei um Abtropfmetastasen eines Hirntumors, eine Meningeosis carcinomatosa oder um einen malignen peripheren Nervenscheidentumor handeln. Die mikrochirurgische Resektion stellt die Therapie der Wahl dar bei der Behandlung benigner Läsionen. Mit einer vollständigen Resektion des Tumors kann eine sehr gute lokale Kontrolle erzielt werden. Im Fall von Resttumorgewebe oder einem Rezidiv kann eine stereotaktische Bestrahlung notwendig bzw. sinnvoll sein. Eine Systemtherapie spielt bei der Behandlung von IDEM-Tumoren eine nachrangige Rolle. Bei malignen Prozessen richtet sich das therapeutische Vorgehen nach der zugrundeliegenden Erkrankung. Anforderungen an die genannten Therapieverfahren sind es zum Funktionserhalt beizutragen, Symptome zu lindern und eine größtmögliche Tumorkontrolle zu erzielen.
Lustbremse Arzneimittel
Authors: Wendland Matthias 
Published: April 2020

SummaryArzneimittel greifen häufiger und stärker in die Sexualität ein als allgemein vermutet, unter anderem durch Störungen von Libido, Erektion, Ejakulation und Fertilität. Mittel wie Betablocker, Fibrate, Antiallergika, die Pille, Immunsuppressiva und allen voran Antidepressiva verursachen je nach Wirkstoff erektile Dysfunktion, Unlust oder Unfruchtbarkeit und sollten in der Anamnese erfragt werden. Im Vordergrund stehen Veränderungen des Testosteron-, Dopamin-, Serotonin- und Acetylcholin-Stoffwechsels, aber auch Durchblutungsstörungen durch Blockierung der Alpha-1- und Beta-2-Rezeptoren.