bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPM2‐AS inhibits the growth, migration, and invasion of gliomas through JNK, c‐Jun, and RGS4
Authors: Bao Mei‐Hua , Lv Qiao‐Li , Szeto Vivian , Wong Raymond , Zhu Su‐Zhen , Zhang Ying‐Ying , Feng Zhong‐Ping , Sun Hong‐Shuo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGliomas are a group of brain cancers with high mortality and morbidity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms is important for the prevention or treatment of gliomas. The present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of long noncoding RNA TRPM2‐AS in gliomas proliferation, migration, and invasion. We first compared the levels of TRPM2‐AS in 111 patients with glioma to that of the normal control group by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated a significant increase of TRPM2‐AS in patients with glioma (2.43 folds of control, p = .0135). MTT methods, wound healing assays, transwell analysis, and clone formation analysis indicated the overexpression of TRPM2‐AS promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of U251 and U87 cells, while downregulation of TRPM2‐AS inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion significantly (p < .05). To further uncover the mechanisms, bioinformatics analysis was conducted on the expression profiles, GSE40687 and GSE4290, from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. One hundred fifty‐six genes were differentially expressed in both datasets (FC > 2.0; p = .05). Among these differentially expressed genes, the level of RGS4 messenger RNA was drastically regulated by TRPM2‐AS. Further western‐blot analysis indicated the increase of RGS4 protein expression and decrease of p‐JNK/JNK and p‐c‐Jun/c‐Jun ratio after TRPM2‐AS overexpression. On the other hand, inhibition of TRPM2‐AS by small interfering RNA suppressed the expression of RGS4 and promoted the ratios of p‐JNK/JNK and p‐c‐Jun/c‐Jun. The present work indicated the mechanisms of the participation of TRPM2‐AS in the progression of gliomas might, at least partly, be related to JNK, c‐Jun, and RGS4. Our work provided new insights into the underlying mechanisms of glioma cellular functions.
Sonographic features of Rosai‐Dorfman disease in the breast: A case report
Authors: Shin Gi W. , Park Young M. , Heo Young J. , Baek Jin W. , Lee Yoo J. , Han Ji Y. , Park Hayoung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRosai‐Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) is an uncommon histiocytic disease of the lymph nodes. Extranodal presentation, especially in breast parenchymal tissue, is rare. A 54‐year‐old woman presented with a painful and palpable lump in the right breast. Ultrasonography revealed an irregular, indistinct, hypoechoic mass with a hyperechoic halo. Pathological analysis revealed proliferation of large histiocytes and stromal fibrosis with emperipolesis and positive immunoreactivity for S‐100 and CD68. The clinical and radiologic manifestations of Rosai‐Dorfman disease may vary, and differentiation from other inflammatory diseases and malignancies is challenging; thus, accurate pathological diagnosis plays an important role in appropriate management.
Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of chordee without hypospadias
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Zhou Jiankun , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChordee without hypospadias (CWH) is an extremely rare condition. Here, we describe a case of CWH diagnosed accurately on prenatal ultrasound at 25 weeks' gestation. Physical examination of the newborn confirmed the sonographic findings. To the best of our knowledge, prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of CWH has not been reported in the literature. We emphasize the importance of observing fetal micturition to rule out the possibility of CWH before the diagnosis of hypospadias is made on prenatal ultrasound.
Ultrastructural changes in the cemento‐enamel junction caused by acidic beverages: An in vitro study
Authors: Mitic Aleksandar D. , Gasic Jovanka Z. , Barac Radomir G. , Radenkovic Goran S. , Sunaric Slavica M. , Popovic Jelena Z. , Nikolic Marija M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present in vitro study was aimed at evaluating the morphological changes in the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) after exposure to acidic beverages using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The initial pH and titratable acidity (TA) was analyzed from follow groups: (I) Coca cola, (II) orange juice, (III) Cedevita, (IV) Red Bull, (V) Somersby cider, and (VI) white wine. The CEJ samples (n = 64), obtained from unerupted third molars, were allocated to one control (artificial saliva, n = 16) and six experimental groups (n = 8). The experimental samples were immersed in beverages (50 ml) for 15 min, three times daily, 10 days, and in artificial saliva between immersions. SEM analysis was performed in a blind manner, according to scoring scale. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests, as well as Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test used for statistical analysis. The pH values of the acidic beverages ranged from 2.65 (Coca cola) to 3.73 (orange juice), and TA ranged from 1.90 ml (Coca cola) to 5.70 ml (orange juice) of NaOH to reach pH 7.0. The SEM analysis indicated statistically significant differences between the control samples and those immersed in acidic beverages. The Groups IV, I, and II, showed the highest CEJ damage grade while those of the Group VI were the lowest. All the tested acidic beverages caused morphological changes in the CEJ with a smaller or larger exposure of dentine surface, and were not always related to the pH or TA of acidic beverages.
Temporal trends of population viral suppression in the context of Universal Test and Treat: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial in rural South Africa
Authors: Larmarange Joseph , Diallo Mamadou H , McGrath Nuala , Iwuji Collins , Plazy Mélanie , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Tanser Frank , Bärnighausen Till , Orne‐Gliemann Joanna , Pillay Deenan , Dabis François ,   for the ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe universal test‐and‐treat (UTT) strategy aims to maximize population viral suppression (PVS), that is, the proportion of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and virally suppressed, with the goal of reducing HIV transmission at the population level. This article explores the extent to which temporal changes in PVS explain the observed lack of association between universal treatment and cumulative HIV incidence seen in the ANRS 12249 TasP trial conducted in rural South Africa.MethodsThe TasP cluster‐randomized trial (2012 to 2016) implemented six‐monthly repeat home‐based HIV counselling and testing (RHBCT) and referral of PLHIV to local HIV clinics in 2 × 11 clusters opened sequentially. ART was initiated according to national guidelines in control clusters and regardless of CD4 count in intervention clusters. We measured residency status, HIV status, and HIV care status for each participant on a daily basis. PVS was computed per cluster among all resident PLHIV (≥16, including those not in care) at cluster opening and daily thereafter. We used a mixed linear model to explore time patterns in PVS, adjusting for sociodemographic changes at the cluster level.Results8563 PLHIV were followed. During the course of the trial, PVS increased significantly in both arms (23.5% to 46.2% in intervention, +22.8, p < 0.001; 26.0% to 44.6% in control, +18.6, p < 0.001). That increase was similar in both arms (p = 0.514). In the final adjusted model, PVS increase was most associated with increased RHBCT and the implementation of local trial clinics (measured by time since cluster opening). Contextual changes (measured by calendar time) also contributed slightly. The effect of universal ART (trial arm) was positive but limited.ConclusionsPVS was improved significantly but similarly in both trial arms, explaining partly the null effect observed in terms of cumulative HIV incidence between arms. The PVS gains due to changes in ART‐initiation guidelines alone are relatively small compared to gains obtained by strategies to maximize testing and linkage to care. The achievement of the 90‐90‐90 targets will not be met if the operational and implementational challenges limiting access to care and treatment, often context‐specific, are not properly addressed. Clinical trial number: NCT01509508 (clinicalTrials.gov)/DOH‐27‐0512‐3974 (South African National Clinical Trials Register).
Extreme premaxillary protrusion in the king‐of‐the‐salmon, Trachipterus altivelis
Authors: Ferry Lara A. , Paig‐Tran Erin W. , Summers Adam P. , Liem Karel F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe king‐of‐the‐salmon, Trachipterus altivelis (Lampriformes), has an unusual set of oral jaws which allow it the ability to protrude the entire upper jaw, containing the premaxilla and the maxilla bones, to extreme distances. Here, we provide a short description of the cranial anatomy and mechanism of jaw protrusion in T. altivelis using hand‐drawn illustrations (by KF), supplemented by CT‐scans. We then place the protrusion abilities of T. altivelis into context by comparing anatomical jaw protrusion with protrusion from other members of the Lampriformes, other unrelated species with highly protrusile jaws, and unrelated species with more stereotypical amounts of jaw protrusion. Through these comparisons we demonstrate that T. altivelis is indeed, capable of some of the most extreme premaxillary protrusion as of yet discovered, even when taking into account the extreme morphological modifications that facilitate said protrusion. That is to say, T. altivelis can protrude the premaxilla farther than one would predict from the length of the ascending process alone.
Covariation between forelimb muscle anatomy and bone shape in an Australian scratch‐digging marsupial: Comparison of morphometric methods
Authors: Martin Meg L. , Travouillon Kenny J. , Sherratt Emma , Fleming Patricia A. , Warburton Natalie M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe close association between muscle and bone is broadly intuitive; however, details of the covariation between the two has not been comprehensively studied. Without quantitative understanding of how muscle anatomy influences bone shape, it is difficult to draw conclusions of the significance of many morphological traits of the skeleton. In this study, we investigated these relationships in the Quenda (Isoodon fusciventer), a scratch‐digging marsupial. We quantified the relationships between forelimb muscle anatomy and bone shape for animals representing a range of body masses (124–1,952 g) using two‐block partial least square analyses. Muscle anatomy was quantified as muscle mass and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA), and we used two morphometric methods to characterize bone shape: seven indices of linear bone proportions, and landmarks analysis. Bone shape was significantly correlated with body mass, reflecting allometric bone growth. Of the seven bone indices, only shoulder moment index (SMI) and ulna robustness index (URI) showed a significant covariation with muscle anatomy. Stronger relationships between muscle anatomy and forelimb bone shape were found using the landmark coordinates: muscle mass and PCSA were correlated with the geometric shape of the scapula, humerus, and third metacarpal, but to a lesser extent with shape of the ulna. Overall, our data show that landmark coordinates are more sensitive than bone indices to capturing shape changes evident throughout ontogeny, and is therefore a more appropriate method to investigate covariation with forelimb muscle anatomy. Single‐species studies investigating ontogeny require refined methods to accurately develop understanding of the important relationships between muscle force generation and bone shape remodeling. Landmark analyses provide such a method.
Decadal variability of tropical cyclogenesis and decay in the southwest Pacific
Authors: Sharma Krishneel K. , Verdon‐Kidd Danielle C. , Magee Andrew D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) represent a significant hazard to the southwest Pacific (SWP) region, impacting on properties, lives and infrastructure, accounting for ~76% of reported disasters within the region. A particular challenge that island nations face is the inherent degree of variability in TC risk from season to season, which hampers adaptation planning due to the difficulty in predicting how many TCs will form and the subsequent areas of impact. Therefore, this study aims to assess the historical variability of TC genesis and decay (i.e., the start and end of a TC life cycle) for the SWP over the last 70 years. This is achieved through a spatio‐temporal analysis of TC Best Track Data from South Pacific Enhanced Archive of Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC) dataset from 1948 to 2017 for TCs that originate within 0°–35°S and 135°E–120°W. Results highlight substantial decadal variability in dominant regions of genesis and decay over the last seven decades. In particular, we observe a statistically significant displacement of TC genesis (decay) by 898 km (909 km) in an east‐northeast (east‐southeast) direction from 1948 to 2017. We also demonstrate that TCs undergoing extratropical transition have significantly decreased in terms of both frequency and duration during the last four decades, however, the length of the extratropical cyclone tracks has increased. We attribute these observations to conducive environmental conditions, including warmer sea surface temperatures in the eastern region of TC genesis, sufficient moisture content (relative humidity) and favourable vertical wind shear. Further, the observed ocean warming and decreased wind shear during recent decades across the south of the SWP region favour the east‐southeasterly extension of extratropical cyclones. The findings of this study increase our understanding of decadal to multidecadal TC risk for SWP island nations and may assist in improving seasonal TC outlooks.
Climate variability over South America‐regional and large scale features simulated by the Brazilian Atmospheric Model (BAM‐v0)
Authors: Cavalcanti Iracema F. A. , Silveira Virginia P. , Figueroa Silvio N. , Kubota Paulo Y. , Bonatti José P. , de Souza Dayana C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe reliability of climate prediction by a global model is directly related to the ability to simulate the observed climate variability and the main teleconnection patterns. Precipitation anomalies in certain regions are strongly affected by these features, and it is important to know if models are able to reproduce such patterns and influences. The main objective of this article is to analyse some global features of the Brazilian Atmospheric Model with simplified physics (BAM‐v0), and to discuss several aspects of climate variability over South America. Especially, the ability of the model in simulating the main teleconnection patterns that affect South America and the precipitation variability in several regions of Brazil associated with the Pacific and Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature. The model is the atmospheric component of the Brazilian Earth System Model‐Ocean–Atmosphere (BESM), which can be used to long integrations due to the simplified physics, considering computer limitations. Climate variability is investigated through analyses of variance and correlations, and teleconnections such as Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Pacific South American (PSA) are obtained from EOF analyses. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) features are analysed through the Southern Oscillation Index and precipitation anomalies. BAM‐v0, even at coarse resolution, represents many climate variability features. It captures the influences of tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans on Northeast Brazil precipitation and reproduces the influences of ENSO over South America. SAM and PSA teleconnections are well simulated. Observed features of the South America Monsoon System are captured by the model, although the intensities of precipitation variability need to be improved. There are some deficiencies related to global budget, precipitation variance in some regions of the globe and precipitation anomalies in certain regions of South America. Identification of model deficiencies and variability analyses are important to model development and contribute to climate prediction improvements.
Copper Deficiency in Children With Intestinal Failure: Risk Factors and Influence on Hematological Cytopenias
Authors: Leite Heitor Pons , Koch Nogueira Paulo Cesar , Uchoa Keilla Mayumi Castelo Branco , Carvalho de Camargo Maria Fernanda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated to what extent serum copper influences hemoglobin (Hb), neutrophil, and platelet counts and the factors associated with serum copper in children with intestinal failure (IF) who have their micronutrient status monitored according to a standard protocol.MethodsChildren with IF admitted to a pediatric intestinal rehabilitation program and receiving home parenteral nutrition (PN) were followed up prospectively. Patients received vitamins and multi–trace elements (TEs) as part of the PN. Copper, iron, zinc, vitamin A, and cobalamin serum levels were routinely monitored at 3‐month intervals or monthly when a deficiency was detected. Complete blood counts were performed biweekly. Repeated‐measures analyses were used to estimate the effect of explanatory variables on the outcomes.ResultsThirteen children with a median time receiving PN of 16.6 months were included. An average of 7 copper measurements per patient were performed; 53.8% of patients had a low serum level at least twice during the follow‐up. Eight patients with cholestasis had TEs of PN discontinued. In the multivariable analysis, copper was not associated with Hb levels; an increase of 10 µg/dL in serum copper resulted in an increase of 240/mm3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.0–30.1) neutrophils and of 8429/mm3 (95% CI, 466–1219) platelets (P < .001). Time of PN without copper, direct bilirubin levels, and ostomy were associated with lower serum copper.ConclusionThe increase in serum copper was associated with significant increases in neutrophil and platelet counts. Time without copper in PN, cholestasis, and having an ostomy negatively influenced copper status.
Phenolic characteristics acquired by berry skins of Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo in response to close‐to‐ambient solar ultraviolet radiation are mostly reflected in the resulting wines
Authors: Del‐Castillo‐Alonso María Ángeles , Monforte Laura , Tomás‐Las‐Heras Rafael , Martínez‐Abaigar Javier , Núñez‐Olivera Encarnación 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is widely recognized that ambient levels of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation strongly influence the phenolic composition of grape skins. However, it is unknown to what extent this influence is reflected in the resulting wines.RESULTSTempranillo grapevines were exposed or non‐exposed to close‐to‐ambient solar UV levels using appropriate filters, and the phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity of both grape skins and the resulting wines were analyzed. In total, 47 phenolic compounds were identified in skins and wines, including flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanols, stilbenes, and hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids. In UV‐exposed grape skins, flavonols and anthocyanins increased, whereas flavanols and hydroxybenzoic acids showed no significant change. These characteristics were conserved in the resulting wines. However, for stilbenes, hydroxycinnamic acids and antioxidant capacity, the effect of UV on grape skins was not conserved in wines, probably as a result of changes during winemaking. In addition, color intensity, total phenols and total polyphenol index of wines elaborated from UV‐exposed grapes increased (although non‐significantly) compared to those made from non‐UV‐exposed grapes.CONCLUSIONThe phenolic composition of grape skins exposed to close‐to‐ambient solar UV could predict, to some extent, the phenolic composition of the resulting wines, particularly regarding higher contents of flavonols and anthocyanins. Thus, manipulating the UV radiation received by grape skins could improve wine quality by positively influencing color stability and healthy properties. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the effects of solar UV radiation on phenolic composition have been assessed from grape skins to wine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential modes of action of Pseudomonas fluorescens ZX during biocontrol of blue mold decay on postharvest citrus
Authors: Wang Zhirong , Mei Xiaofei , Du Muying , Chen Kewei , Jiang Mengyao , Wang Kaituo , Zalán Zsolt , Kan Jianquan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of chemical fungicides is currently the main method for the control of postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables. However, public concern has been growing towards the effect of fungicides on food safety, human health and environmental pollution. Thus, interest in microbial biocontrol agent development has grown, such agents being considered both safe and environmentally friendly. Pseudomonas fluorescens is widely distributed in nature, and one of the most valuable biocontrol and plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria. In this study, the efficacy and the potential associated modes of action of P. fluorescens ZX against Penicillium italicum on oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) were investigated.RESULTSThe application of P. fluorescens ZX significantly reduced blue mold lesion size and incidence in comparison to the control, where P. fluorescens ZX was effective when applied preventatively but not curatively. In dual cultures, treatment with cell‐free autoclaved cultures or culture filtrate had a limited capacity to suppress P. italicum, while P. italicum was inhibited by bacterial fluid and bacterial suspension with living cells in vitro. The P. fluorescens ZX isolate displayed protease, but not chitinase, glucanase or cellulose, activity, and produced siderophores and volatile organic compounds with antifungal abilities. Competition tests showed P. fluorescens ZX could use fructose, sucrose, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glycine, valine, lysine and proline better than P. italicum. Furthermore, an effective biofilm that peaked after a 24‐hour incubation at 30 °C was formed by the P. fluorescens ZX isolate. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations indicate the P. fluorescens ZX isolate could not undergo direct parasitism or hyperparasitism.CONCLUSIONSCompetition for nutrients and niches, biofilm formation, inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth, and production of inhibitory metabolites may play important roles in P. fluorescens ZX antagonism of P. italicum. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry