bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching Costs in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Atherly Adam , Feldman Roger D. , Dowd Bryan , van den Broek-Altenburg Eline 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper estimates the magnitude of switching costs in the Medicare Advantage program. Consumers are generally assumed to pick plans that provide the combination of benefits and premiums that maximize their individual utility. However, the plan choice literature has generally omitted prior choices from choice models. The analysis is based on five years of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, a nationally representative longitudinal dataset. The MCBS data were combined with data on Medicare Advantage Part C plan benefits and premiums. Individual choices are modeled as a function of individual characteristics, plan characteristics and prior year plan choices using a mixed logit model. We found relatively high rates of switching between plans within insurer (20%), although less switching between insurers. Prior year plan choices were highly significant at both the contract and plan level. Premium was negative and significant. Loyalty (contract and plan), premium and plan structure were found to be heterogeneous in preferences. We found a statistically significant willingness to pay for a lower prescription drug deductible and lower copays. Switching costs were higher for sicker individuals. Switching costs between plans offered by the same insurer are far lower than switching costs between insurers; beneficiaries will switch plans if an alternative is perceived as $233 a month better than the current choice and switch insurers if the alternative is perceived as $944 better than the current plan/contract, on average. Premium elasticities would be 34% greater in magnitude if prior choices were irrelevant. We provide evidence that the state dependence is structural rather than spurious.
Percentile values of serum zinc concentration and prevalence of its deficiency in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study
Authors: Azemati Bahar , Khoramdad Maliheh , Qorbani Mostafa , Rastad Hadith , Shafiee Gita , Heshmat Ramin , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the prevalence of serum zinc deficiency and provide the age- and sex-specific percentile values of serum zinc in children and adolescents.MethodsWe used the gathered data through the CASPIAN-V study, a national survey conducted on 3500 students aged 7–18 years from 30 provinces of Iran. In this study, 1370 blood samples were selected randomly, and serum zinc concentration was measured using a Hitachi automated analyzer. Zinc deficiency was defined as a serum zinc level of less than 75 μg/dL. Age-sex specific reference percentile values were developed for serum zinc concentration.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 12.4 ± 3.0 years; 49.3% were girls and 73% were urban inhabitants. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) of serum zinc concentration was 107.23 (25.81) μg/dL with a significant sex difference; 109.03 ± 26.12 μg/dL for males compared to 105.41 ± 25.3 μg/dL for females (p = 0.009). The prevalence of subclinical zinc deficiency was 4.9% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.0, 6.9) in children and adolescents. Both zinc deficient and sufficient groups were similar in terms of age, sex and residential areas (all p-value > 0.05). Overall, the 5th and 95th percentile values for serum zinc were 68.28 and 151.87 μg/dL, respectively. The value of all percentiles consistently decreased with age. The 10–99th percentile values for serum zinc were greater in boys than girls at all ages.ConclusionsNearly 5% of subjects had zinc deficiency. Age-sex specific percentile values were established for Iranian children and adolescents.
Atrial septal aneurysm in pregnancy: echocardiography and obstetric outcomes
Authors: Bozkaya Veciha Özlem , Oskovi-Kaplan Z. Asli , Engin-Ustun Yaprak 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is an uncommon cardiac anomaly that increases maternal morbidity during pregnancy. ASA is related to atrial arrhythmia thromboembolism and it may accompany congenital anomalies such as an atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent foramen ovale (PFO). There are no studies examining pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with ASA. We aimed to investigate the cardiologic parameters and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women diagnosed with ASA.MethodsThis prospective cohort study analyzed 45 pregnant women diagnosed with ASA, who continued their follow-ups in an obstetric tertiary care center.ResultsA total of 45 pregnant women were recruited; seven pregnancies ended before the 20th gestational week (six spontaneous abortion, one fetal anomaly), 38 women gave birth. In total, there were 32 term births (≥37 weeks), six preterm births (<37 weeks), two extremely preterm births <28 weeks). Among 38 babies delivered, several obstetrical complications such as oligohydramnios, spontaneous preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) developed in 16 patients, while 22 women ended with term pregnancy without any complications. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) developed in one patient.ConclusionASA may have an increased risk for cardiac complications during pregnancy and may also be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Increased attention to these entities with more studies is needed in order to determine a potential risk for pregnant women.
Longevity differences in the tenures of American and foreign Major League Soccer managers
Authors: Gilfix Zach , Meyerson James , Addona Vittorio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine correlates of tenure length for professional soccer managers. Using 521 managers from Major League Soccer (MLS), Spain’s La Liga, and the English Premier League (EPL) whose tenures occurred between 2000 and 2015, we assess the association between both performance-related and non-performance variables, and manager duration. Performance variables include measures of a team’s ranking (or position) and relegation/promotion indicators. Non-performance variables include manager nationality and age, the timing of a manager’s hire, and the team’s wage bill. We employ survival analytic methods, including Cox’s proportional hazards model, to explore the effects of fixed and time-dependent covariates on coach tenure length. We find that La Liga managers have shorter survival, as do managers who were older when they were hired. Furthermore, finishing with a better ranking and, more importantly, improving on previous team performance yields longer survival. Most strikingly, however, we find a significant disparity in the comparison of domestic and foreign managers within a league. While the difference in longevity between domestic and foreign managers in La Liga and the EPL was minimal, American managers in MLS survived significantly longer than their foreign peers.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-(μ2-bipyridine-κ2
N:N′)-bis(3,5-dichloroisonicotinato-κO)cadmium(II)] dihydrate, C22H20CdCl4N4O8
Authors: Xiao-Tian Sun , Zheng Lei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
C22H20CdCl4N4O8, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 14.9908(5) Å, b = 11.6786(3) Å, c = 15.4664(5) Å, β = 95.448(3)°, V = 2695.50(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0226, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0516, T = 291.5(2) K.
Indonesia: country report on children’s environmental health
Authors: Haryanto Budi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChildren’s bodies are in dynamic stages of development that make them more susceptible to harm from exposure to environmental agents. Children’s physical, physiological and behavioral traits can lead to increased exposure to toxic chemicals or pathogens. In addition, the social determinants of health interact with this exposure and create an increasing risk for further disparities among children. In Indonesia, the fourth most populated country in the world, children are under threat of exposure to contaminated water, air, food and soil, which can cause gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, birth defects and neurodevelopmental disorders. A safe and balanced nutrition is still an unmet need for too many children. At the same time, the prevalence of obesity and the risk of later development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, are increasing as a consequence of both unhealthy diets and inadequate physical activity. The risks of potential long-term toxicity, including carcinogenic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, genotoxic, endocrine-disrupting and allergenic effects of many chemicals, are also close to their lives. This paper provides an overview of common disease risks in Indonesian children, including: acute hepatitis A, diarrheal diseases, dengue and malaria due to lack of water supply and sanitation, vectors, and parasites; asthma, bronchopneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) due to air pollution and climate change; some chronic diseases caused by toxic and hazardous waste; and direct or indirect consequences due to the occurrence of disasters and health emergencies.
Application of the total focusing method for quantitative nondestructive testing of anisotropic welds with ultrasound
Authors: Rabe Ute , Pudovikov Sergey 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the application of the ultrasonic Total Focusing Method for quantitative imaging of cracks in austenitic welds. Imaging inspection procedures provide more information than punctual measurements. In addition, an image provides more easy access for most human viewers. In ultrasonic testing, array transducers have played an important role in imaging for many years. The Full Matrix Capture technique in combination with Total Focusing is one of the newer methods with decisive advantages. In combination with fast electronics, computer technology and image processing, it now enables tomographic imaging in real time. The functionality of the method and the technical requirements are explained here. Austenitic weld seams are considered as examples for anisotropic materials, which can be examined with this method. An important requirement for quantitative measurement of defect size in anisotropic materials is the knowledge of the ultrasonic phase and group velocities of the inspected volume. The Gradient Elastic Constant Descent Method can deliver unknown parameters, which are needed to calculate these velocities.
L' impact des relations interpersonnelles et du soutien social sur la santé psychologique des policiers
Authors: Deschênes Andrée-Ann , Rodrigue Audrey , Gagnon Kimberley D. 
Published: March 2020

Selon la littérature, le travail du policier est un métier à risque étant donné son contexte d’intervention souvent urgent et imprévisible (De Soir, Daubechies et Van den Steene, 2012; cités par Desjardins, 2018). Le métier de policier comporte également un double mandat, soit celui de protéger la population tout en faisant régner l’ordre (Oligny, 1991). Ces particularités rendent le travail des policiers plus à risque que d’autres métiers sur le plan de la santé mentale (Marchand, 2007). Malgré l’importance accordée à la santé au travail et les risques associés au métier de policier, peu d’études empiriques sont répertoriées à ce sujet au sein de cette population. Silveri (2017) a identifié dans son article le soutien social par les collègues et par les supérieurs comme faisant partie des ressources les plus importantes pour atténuer les « effets des exigences du travail sur le stress ». La présente recherche s’intéresse plus spécifiquement à l’effet des relations interpersonnelles (variable indépendante) et du soutien social (variable indépendante) sur la santé psychologique des policiers (variable dépendante). Le modèle théorique de Gilbert, Dagenais-Desmarais et Savoie (2011) a été retenu pour définir la variable dépendante composée du bien-être psychologique (BEPT; sérénité, engagement et harmonie sociale) et de la détresse psychologique (DET; anxiété, désengagement et irritabilité). La présente étude suppose que la qualité perçue des relations interpersonnelles avec les collègues et le supérieur ainsi que le soutien social sont reliés positivement au bien-être psychologique. L’étude suppose également que la qualité des relations et le soutien social [...]
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Regulates the Oligodendrocyte Cytoskeleton during Myelination
Authors: Musah Aminat S. , Brown Tanya L. , Jeffries Marisa A. , Shang Quan , Hashimoto Hirokazu , Evangelou Angelina V. , Kowalski Alison , Batish Mona , Macklin Wendy B. , Wood Teresa L. 
Published: March 2020

During differentiation, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) extend a network of processes that make contact with axons and initiate myelination. Recent studies revealed that actin polymerization is required for initiation of myelination whereas actin depolymerization promotes myelin wrapping. Here, we used primary OPCs in culture isolated from neonatal rat cortices of both sexes and young male and female mice with oligodendrocyte-specific deletion of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) to demonstrate that mTOR regulates expression of specific cytoskeletal targets and actin reorganization in oligodendrocytes during developmental myelination. Loss or inhibition of mTOR reduced expression of profilin2 and ARPC3, actin polymerizing factors, and elevated levels of active cofilin, which mediates actin depolymerization. The deficits in actin polymerization were revealed in reduced phalloidin and deficits in oligodendrocyte cellular branching complexity at the peak of morphologic differentiation and a delay in initiation of myelination. We further show a critical role for mTOR in expression and localization of myelin basic protein (Mbp) mRNA and MBP protein to the cellular processes where it is necessary at the myelin membrane for axon wrapping.MbpmRNA transport deficits were confirmed by single molecule RNA FISH. Moreover, expression of the kinesin family member 1B, anMbpmRNA transport protein, was reduced in CC1+ cells in themTOR cKOand in mTOR inhibited oligodendrocytes undergoing differentiationin vitro. These data support the conclusion that mTOR regulates both initiation of myelination and axon wrapping by targeting cytoskeletal reorganization and MBP localization to oligodendrocyte processes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelination is essential for normal CNS development and adult axon preservation and function. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in promoting CNS myelination; however, there is a gap in our understanding of the mechanisms by which mTOR promotes developmental myelination through regulating specific downstream targets. Here, we present evidence that mTOR promotes the initiation of myelination through regulating specific cytoskeletal targets and cellular process expansion by oligodendrocyte precursor cells as well as expression and cellular localization of myelin basic protein.
A new species of the genus <i> Trigonura </i> Sichel, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) from Vietnam
Authors: Long Khuat Dang , Hiep Nguyen Duc , Hoa Dang Thi , Ngat Tran Thi 
Published: March 2020

Based on the specimens of chalcid parasitoid wasps collected by malaise traps set in fruit orchards in the adjacent area of Ha Noi city from 2018–2019, one new species of the genus Trigonura, T. vietnamica Long, sp. n., was described and illustrated. Two species of this genus from Vietnam are keyed, the comparative characters of the new species were also given to compare with two similar species from the Oriental Region, T. indica Narendran and T. luzonensis Narendran.
A checklist of pteridophytes collected on cham chu mountainsand adjacent sites
Authors: Loc Phan Ke , Duong Vu Thuy , Toan Vu Cong , The Pham Van , Bon Trinh Ngoc 
Published: March 2020

Located in Tuyen Quang and Ha Giang Provinces, the Cham Chu Nature reserve (NR) has diverse plant ecosystem types, and its the flora is rich in species. However, the pteridophyte flora of Tuyen Quang and Ha Giang Provinces has not been so far generallystudied. This study presented results of three biotic surveys conducted on Cham Chu mountainsand adjacent sites surveysin 2018−2019. A total of 123 plant specimens gathered and analyzed. with 84 plant species of 43 genera belonging to 23 families recorded. The family Polypodiaceae is therichestwith 8 genera and 12 species. Twogenera, Tectaria and and Pteris, are richin species, with 9 and 8 species, respectively. A checklist of species was also provided.
Toward an Understanding of Critical Success Factors for Student-Athlete Mental Health and Wellness, Academic Success, and Athletic Performance at the NCAA Division III Level
Authors: Navarro Kristina , Greviskes Dr. Lindsey , Edwards Dr. Logan , Witte Dr. Kelly , Pittelkow Lily , Scherer Jenny 
Published: March 2020

Current athletic administrators are not only charged with overseeing programs that are critical to student-athletes’ athletics success, but must be increasingly aware of resources to also support success in student-athletes’ academic and personal lives. In turn, this empirical study explored the needs of student-athletes, coaches and administrators pertaining to mental health and wellness, academic success, and athletic performance at the NCAA Division III level. Implications and recommendations are presented for athletic administrators as they develop programmatic support for millennial student-athletes who experience heightened mental health and wellness challenges during the transition to college.
The Form of Black Lives Matter
Authors: Shore Daniel 
Published: March 2020

On Friday, 20 January 2017, Inauguration Day for the Forty-Fifth President of the United States, I Spent Several Hours walking around downtown Washington, DC, just north of the National Mall, holding a handmade sign reading “Black Lives Matter.” A day later, the Women's March would pack the city's downtown tight with bodies marching, chanting, and singing in a strange mix of camaraderie and despondency, but on Inauguration Day the streets were unusually quiet. The fear of violence was palpable (and, in the event, fully justified), even as I knew that my whiteness would work as a shield that nonwhite protesters lacked; it was because of this “drastically unequal distribution of bodily vulnerabilities,” as Sarah Ahmed has put it (238), that I carried the “Black Lives Matter” sign in the first place. Over the course of a few hours, the sign provoked a range of responses. A group of attendees greeted me with a “Sieg Heil,” a Nazi salute, and a shout of “white power.” Two men circled behind me to whisper “Blue lives matter” in my ears. But the steady refrain, shouted by dozens of inauguration attendees, was “All lives matter.”The responses to my “Black Lives Matter” sign were hardly unique to that day. Similar exchanges have unfolded before and since, between other protestors on other streets, in other spaces real and virtual. Taken together, these utterances offer a partial, highly mediated linguistic map of the current political battlefield in the United States and beyond. Through them, factions have taken shape and become legible—become real—to one another and to themselves. In Louis Althusser's famous phrase, they are a part of the current system of representations by which we “live the imaginary relation” to “the real conditions of existence” (223-24) and alter those conditions in the process. Might new digital tools help us understand how these utterances came to serve their peculiar role in our current political moment?
Media Studies in Russia: Defining its Academic Status
Authors: Dunas Denis , Gureeva Anna 
Published: March 2020

In the last decades Russian media scholars have attempted to identify a research field that focuses on media: defining it as "theory of journalism" (teoriya zhurnalistiki), "communicativistics" (kommunikativistika) (the russism from "communication science"), "media theory" (mediateoriya), etc. Such a definition as the "theory of mass communications" (teoriya massovoj kommunikacii) has not expanded outside the sociological field. The history of media studies development in Russia demonstrates, how media researchers, focusing on different fields — from journalism and mass media to media communications — have sought to indicate a unique field of knowledge — outside of sociology and even humanitarian knowledge — with its own theoretical and conceptual apparatus and methodological tools. As a result a deeply rooted in Soviet philological tradition and strongly established system of theoretical views was formed under the name of "theory of journalism". However, the "theory of journalism" has not become a leading name in the field, unlike "communicativistics", which studies the humanitarian aspects of the development of media processes in different regions of the world. The communicativistics (together with communication theory, or communicology) occupies a priority place in the academic discourse and creates a large system of knowledge that analyzes and explores the universal laws of communication in the information society. This field of research connects journalism with a huge amount of communication processes and issues. Widely spread determination is "mediology", whose task is "the synthesis of the theory of the media and the theory of journalism. But "mediavistics" as a study of the aggregate of real and virtual communication processes that provides to a public a sociocultural dialogue in the society is not a widely spread title. The theoretical consideration of media communication has become topical recently. Media communication is not tied to either a mass audience or to mass information, as well as to exclusively interpersonal communication, but it is accurately characterized by the availability of a media channel, digital channel, first of all. Nevertheless, the theory of media communications as an independent field of knowledge takes a quite modest place. It is obvious that at present in the Russian academic community there is no consolidated position on the definition of the research area, which studies media. This is a direct evidence of the activity of the four-level fermentation process in the Russian media studies. The research aims to identify the place of media studies in Russian scientific classifiers, in fundamental academic institutions and in the system of basic scientific funds. The authors relate the designation of the field of knowledge by media researchers to the sections of organization classifiers, raise questions about the academic status of media research in comparison to other humanities research areas. This appears to be highly important in the context of scientometric challenges of modern science.