bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal fractional limb volumes in pregnancies following bariatric surgery
Authors: Maric Tanya , Kanu Chidimma , Mandalia Sundhiya , Johnson Mark R. , Savvidou Makrina D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionObesity rates have reached an epidemic level and bariatric surgery is the most effective method of sustainable weight loss. Pregnancy following bariatric surgery is associated with an increased prevalence of small babies. The objective of the study is to compare the fetal fat distribution, as assessed by fractional arm and thigh volume using three‐dimensional ultrasonography, in pregnancies following maternal bariatric surgery with those without such history.Material and methodsThis is a prospective, longitudinal, observational study conducted in a Maternity Unit in the UK. The study included 189 pregnant women; 63 with previous bariatric surgery [27 restrictive (13 with gastric band, 14 with sleeve gastrectomy) and 36 malabsorptive procedures] and 126 with no previous surgery but similar maternal booking body mass index. Fetal arm and thigh volume were obtained at 30‐33 and 35‐37 weeks’ gestation and fractional limb volumes were calculated using a commercially available software. Women underwent a 75 g, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test at 28‐31 weeks of gestation.ResultsOverall, adjusted fetal arm and thigh volume were smaller in the post‐bariatric, compared to the no surgery, group and this was more marked in women who had undergone a previous sleeve gastrectomy (P < .001 and P = .002, respectively) or a malabsorptive procedure (P < .001 for both). There was a strong positive correlation between maternal fasting/post‐prandial (2 h) glucose levels, at the time of the oral glucose tolerance test, and arm and thigh volume at both 30‐33 and 35‐37 weeks (P < .01 for all).ConclusionsThe study has demonstrated that in the third trimester of pregnancy, fetuses of women with previous bariatric surgery have smaller fractional limb volumes, therefore less soft tissue, compared to fetuses of women without such surgery and this may be related to the lower maternal glucose levels seen in the former pregnancies.
Adaptive Parenting Among Low‐Income Black Mothers and Toddlers’ Regulation of Distress
Authors: Bocknek Erika L. , Richardson Patricia A. , McGoron Lucy , Raveau Hasti , Iruka Iheoma U. 
Published: September 2020

Parenting differs in purpose and strategy according to cultural background (Brooks‐Gunn & Markman, 2005; Iruka, LaForett, & Odom, 2012). The current study tests a unique latent factor score, Adaptive Parenting, that represents culturally‐relevant, positive parenting behaviors: maternal coping with stress through reframing, maternal scaffolding of toddlers’ learning during a low‐stress task, and maternal commands during a high‐stress task. Participants were Black mothers (N = 119; Mage = 27.78) and their 24‐ to 30‐month‐old toddlers. Families were part of a broader study examining family resilience among urban, low‐income young children and their families. Results demonstrate that the proposed variables align on a single factor and positively predict toddlers’ emotion regulation. Findings are discussed in the context of Black culturally‐specific parenting processes.
Longitudinal associations of maternal stress and child stress with child body mass index trajectory
Authors: Dunton Genevieve F. , Chu Daniel , Naya Christine H. , Belcher Britni R. , Mason Tyler B. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundAlthough exposure to stress is common among children and their parents, longitudinal research on the effects of perceived stress on child obesity risk is lacking. This study examined the 3‐year longitudinal associations of children and mothers' perceived stress with children's body mass index (BMI).MethodsA sample of 199 mothers and their children (8‐12 years at baseline, 56% Hispanic) completed six semi‐annual assessments across 3 years with questionnaire‐based self‐report measures of perceived stress and measured height/weight. Parallel process latent growth curve modelling specified regressions of latent intercept and slope of children's BMI on latent intercepts and slopes for mothers' and children's perceived stress.ResultsGreater child self‐reported perceived stress at baseline predicted greater increase in children's BMI across the six assessments whereas mother self‐reported perceived stress at baseline was unrelated to change in child BMI. Baseline child BMI was unrelated to change in children or mothers' perceived stress across the six assessment waves.ConclusionChildren's own perceptions of stress may play a larger contributing role in BMI progression during middle childhood than their mother's perceived stress levels. These findings underscore the importance of focusing on children's stress‐coping strategies for promoting a healthy weight.
Disaster preparedness amongst pharmacists and pharmacy students: a systematic literature review
Authors: McCourt Elizabeth , Singleton Judith , Tippett Vivienne , Nissen Lisa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In the aftermath of a disaster, the services provided by pharmacists are essential to ensure the continued health and well-being of the local population. To continue pharmacy services, it is critical that pharmacists are prepared for disasters. A systematic literature review was conducted to explore pharmacists’ and pharmacy students’ preparedness for disasters and the factors that affect preparedness.

Methods
This review was conducted in April 2020 through electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO, and two disaster journals. Search terms such as ‘pharmacist*’, ‘disaster*’ and ‘prepared*’ were used. The search yielded an initial 1781 titles. Articles were included if they measured pharmacists or pharmacy students’ disaster preparedness. After screening and quality appraisal by two researchers, four articles were included in final analysis and review. Data were extracted using a data collection tool formulated by the researchers. Meta-analysis was not possible; instead, results were compared across key areas including preparedness ratings and factors that influenced preparedness.

Key findings
Three articles focused on pharmacy students’ preparedness for disasters, and one on registered pharmacists’ preparedness. Preparedness across both groups was poor to moderate with &lt;18% of registered pharmacists found to be prepared to respond to a disaster. Factors that potentially influenced preparedness included disaster competency, disaster interventions and demographic factors.

Conclusion
For pharmacists, the lack of research around their preparedness speaks volumes about their current involvement and expectations within disaster management. Without a prepared pharmacy workforce and pharmacy involvement in disaster management, critical skill and service gaps in disasters may negatively impact patients.
QiShenYiQi pill improves the reparative myocardial fibrosis by regulating autophagy
Authors: Lv Shichao , Yuan Peng , Dong Jianping , Lu Chunmiao , Li Meng , Qu Fan , Zhu Yaping , Yuan Zhuo , Zhang Junping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQiShenYiQi pill (QSYQ), a traditional Chinese medicine, is well known for improving the myocardial remodelling, but the dose‐effect relationship of its intervention in the reparative myocardial fibrosis is still unclear. We investigated the effect of QSYQ on the reparative myocardial fibrosis in cardiac myosin‐induced rats and explored its mechanism of action by regulating autophagy. The results indicated that QSYQ increased LVEF and LVFS, and decreased the LVEDD, LVESD, HMI, LVMI, myocardial inflammation histology score, and collagen volume fraction in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, QSYQ declined the number of autophagosomes, down‐regulated the expression of myocardial Beclin‐1 and LC3B, up‐regulated the expression of myocardial p62 and increased the ratios of myocardial p‐PI3K/PI3K, p‐Akt/Akt and p‐mTOR/mTOR. We provided evidence for that QSYQ could inhibit excessive myocardial autophagy by regulating the PI3K/Akt‐mTOR pathway and can be a potential therapeutic approach in treating the cardiovascular diseases such as myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.
Effect of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase–p53–Krüppel‐like factor 2a pathway in hyperglycemia‐induced cardiac remodeling in adult zebrafish
Authors: Wang Qiuyun , Luo Chen , Lu Guoping , Chen Zhenyue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetic cardiomyopathy is a type of myocardial disease. It causes left ventricular hypertrophy, followed by diastolic and systolic dysfunction, eventually leading to congestive heart failure. However, the underlying mechanism still requires further elucidation.Materials and MethodsA high‐glucose zebrafish model was constructed by administering streptozocin intraperitoneally to enhance the development of cardiomyopathy and then treated with adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. Cardiac structure and function, and protein and gene expression were then analyzed. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) culture in vitro using lentivirus were used for detection of AMPK, p53 and Krüppel‐like factor 2a (klf2a) gene expression.ResultsIn the hyperglycemia group, electrocardiogram findings showed arrhythmia, echocardiography results showed heart enlargement and dysfunction, and many differences, such as increased apoptosis and myocardial fiber loss, were observed. The phospho‐AMPK and klf2a expression were downregulated, and p53 expression was upregulated. Activation of phospho‐AMPK reduced p53 and increased klf2a expression, alleviated apoptosis in CMs and improved cardiac function in the hyperglycemic zebrafish. In vitro knockdown system of AMPK, p53 and klf2a using lentivirus illustrated an increased p53 expression and decreased klf2a expression in CMs by inhibiting AMPK. Repression of p53 and upregulation of klf2a expression were observed, but no changes in the expression of AMPK and its phosphorylated type.ConclusionsIn the model of streptozocin‐induced hyperglycemia zebrafish, the reduction of phosphorylated AMPK increased p53, which led to KLF2a decrease to facilitate apoptosis of CMs, inducing the cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. These results can be reversed by AMPK activator, which means the AMPK–p53–klf2a pathway might be a potential target for diabetic cardiomyopathy intervention.
Investigation of routes of entry and dispersal pattern of RGNNV in tissues of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Lampou Eirini , Dovas Chrysostomos , Margaroni Maritsa , Chasalevris Taxiarchis , Pappas Ioannis S. , Dotsika Eleni , Karagouni Evdokia , Athanassopoulou Fotini , Katsaras Dimitrios , Bitchava Konstantina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractViral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is a serious neuropathological fish disease affecting in the Mediterranean aquaculture mainly European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. It is well known that betanodaviruses are neurotropic viruses that replicate in nerve tissues, preferentially brain and retina. However, routes of entry and progression of the virus in the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. The role of four tissues—eye, oesophagus, gills and skin—as possible gateways of a betanodavirus, the redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), was investigated after experimental challenges performed on European seabass juveniles. The dispersal pattern of Betanodavirus at primarily stages of the disease was also assessed, using a real‐time qPCR assay. The development of typical clinical signs of VER, the presence of characteristic histopathological lesions in the brain and retina and the detection of viral RNA in the tissues of all experimental groups ascertained that successful invasion of RGNNV under all experimental routes was achieved. Transneuronal spread along pathways known to be connected to the initial site of entry seems to be the predominant scenario of viral progression in the CNS. Furthermore, viraemia appeared only after the installation of the infection in the brain.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in stored canine red blood cell units
Authors: McQuinn Erin R. , Smith Stephanie A. , Viall Austin K. , Wang Chong , LeVine Dana N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), webs of DNA and citrullinated histones extruded from activated neutrophils cause transfusion‐related acute lung injury. Supernatants of stored red blood cell (RBC) units might promote NETosis in neutrophils from the units or from transfusion recipients.Hypotheses(1) NETs form during storage of canine RBC, (2) leukoreduction (LR) before storage of RBC reduces NETosis, and (3) supernatant from stored, nonleukoreduced (NLR) RBC units induces NETosis in healthy canine neutrophils modeling transfusion recipients.AnimalsSix healthy purpose‐bred research dogs were utilized for blood donation.MethodsProspective controlled study. RBC units were collected from each dog, aseptically divided into 2 equal subunits, 1 of which was leukoreduced, and stored for 42 days. Stored units were sampled biweekly for quantification of NET markers citrullinated histone H3 (Western blot) and cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) (DNA dye binding). Unit supernatants were applied ex vivo to canine neutrophils and extracellular DNA release representing NETosis was assessed.ResultsMarkers of NETs increased during RBC storage (cfDNAP < .0001 and citrullinated H3P= .0002) and were higher in NLR than LR units (day 42 LR cfDNA 0.34 ± 0.82 ng/mL vs day 42 NLR 1361.07 ± 741.00 ng/mL,P < .0001; day 42 LR citrullinated H3 0.19 ± 0.13 AU vs NLR 0.57 ± 0.34 AU,P= .007). Isolated neutrophils did not form NETs when exposed to stored canine RBC supernatant.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNETosis occurs in stored canine NLR RBC units, and is attenuated by LR before storage. NETs might be mediators of transfusion reactions.
Flippases play specific but distinct roles in the development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Yun Yingzi , Guo Pusheng , Zhang Jing , You Haixia , Guo Pingting , Deng Huobin , Hao Yixin , Zhang Limei , Wang Xueyu , Abubakar Yakubu Saddeeq , Zhou Jie , Lu Guodong , Wang Zonghua , Zheng Wenhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe membrane trafficking system is important for compartmentalization of the biosynthesis pathway and secretion of deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin (a virulence factor) in Fusarium graminearum. Flippases are transmembrane lipid transporters and mediate a number of essential physiological steps of membrane trafficking, including vesicle budding, charging, and protein diffusion within the membrane. However, the roles of flippases in secondary metabolism remain unknown in filamentous fungi. Herein, we identified five flippases (FgDnfA, FgDnfB, FgDnfC1, FgDnfC2, and FgDnfD) in F. graminearum and established their specific and redundant functions in the development and pathogenicity of this phytopathogenic fungus. Our results demonstrate that FgDnfA is critical for normal vegetative growth while the other flippases are dispensable. FgDnfA and FgDnfD were found crucial for the fungal pathogenesis, and a remarkable reduction in DON production was observed in ΔFgDNFA and ΔFgDNFD. Deletion of the FgDNFB gene increased DON production to about 30 times that produced by the wild type. Further analysis showed that FgDnfA and FgDnfD have positive roles in the regulation of trichothecene (TRI) genes (TRI1, TRI4, TRI5, TRI6, TRI12, and TRI101) expression and toxisome reorganization, while FgDnfB acts as a negative regulator of DON synthesis. In addition, FgDnfB and FgDnfD have redundant functions in the regulation of phosphatidylcholine transport, and double deletion of FgDNFB and FgDNFD showed serious defects in fungal development, DON synthesis, and virulence. Collectively, our findings reveal the distinct and specific functions of flippase family members in F. graminearum and principally demonstrate that FgDnfA, FgDnfD, and FgDnfB have specific spatiotemporal roles during toxisome biogenesis.
The public health rationale for reducing saturated fat intakes: Is a maximum of 10% energy intake a good recommendation?
Authors: Brouwer I. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of saturated fat (SFA) in health is frequently debated. Guidelines from different countries are quite comparable, in that they generally advise people to avoid high intakes of SFA and to replace some saturated fats by cis unsaturated fats. A maximum level of intake of 10% energy of SFA (of total energy) is often advised as a guideline for the general population. This paper discusses issues around SFA and health including the pros and cons of randomised controlled trials with hard endpoints, prospective cohort studies and controlled dietary intervention studies with intermediate endpoints and risk markers, concluding that there is not a single kind of research study that will answer the question on whether intake of saturated fat influences health or not. However, taking all the evidence together suggests that replacing SFA by unsaturated fat, preferably polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), to an intake below 10% energy will favourably affect the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is important to take into account that the proposed changes should be implemented in an otherwise healthy and complete diet. To reach an intake of less than 10% energy from SFA without compromising on the quality of the total diet, the intake of fatty meat and baked goods such as cakes and pastries should be reduced and butter, lard and hard baking fats should be replaced by unsaturated oils and fat spreads made from them.
The technological challenges of reducing the sugar content of foods
Authors: Erickson S. , Carr J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reduction of sugar and energy (calories) in the diet has been a long‐standing challenge for the food industry, not only to support individuals actively seeking to limit their sugar and energy (calorie) intake but also as a response to public health policy initiatives, such as sugar taxes for the food industry and government reformulation programmes. In recent years, responding to this challenge has become more difficult for food manufacturers and formulators, as consumers are increasingly seeking products formulated using a limited range of natural, clean‐label ingredients. Zero‐calorie high‐potency sweeteners with improved taste performance are a partial solution, but a greater challenge is the replacement of the bulking, browning and other properties that sucrose, glucose and fructose provide in many solid food products. This article describes advances in high‐potency sweeteners and in bulk, low‐calorie sugar replacement ingredients that can offer effective solutions to the challenges encountered in developing great‐tasting, sugar‐ and calorie‐reduced food products for today’s consumers.
Nursing quality indicators for adult intensive care: A consensus study
Authors: Evangelou Efi , Middleton Nicos , Kyprianou Theodoros , Kouta Christiana , Merkouris Anastasios , Raftopoulos Vasilios , Palazis Lakis , Lambrinou Ekaterini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe selection of quality indicators demonstrating the efficiency and relevance of nursing practice in patient outcomes in the intensive care unit remains a challenge.AimThe aim of this study was to develop a set of potential quality indicators to quantify nursing care provided to critically ill patients through a consensus method.DesignThis was a three‐phase study including a European survey of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses (phase one) followed by a two‐phase face‐to‐face consensus meeting of experts from Cyprus.MethodTwo distinct panels of experts were asked to rate each quality indicator using a 4‐point Likert scale in phases one and two. The level of consensus was set at 60%. In phase three, scores of the content validity index for items and scales were considered for the final selection of quality indicators.ResultsThe phase one survey included 139 ICU nurses from 13 European countries, and phases two and three included seven ICU experts from Cyprus. “Consensus in” was achieved for 12 items at the end of phase two. Three of the quality indicators were significantly different by country: (a) falls (P = .006), (b) accidental removal of nasogastric tube (P < .001), and (c) accidental removal of intravascular catheters (P < .001). Only falls was significantly correlated with higher academic qualifications of the participants (P = .002).ConclusionsFifteen items have been identified as potential indicators for adult ICU nursing quality. These need to be prospectively studied to determine the extent to which they can accurately capture nursing care quality in this setting.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study provides a set of relevant quality indicators. A nursing set for the ICU may serve as the basis for nursing management and facilitate the strategy dedicated to the vision of health care quality assurance.
Salivary LDH in oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Iglesias‐Velázquez Óscar , López‐Pintor Rosa María , González‐Serrano José , Casañas Elisabeth , Torres Jesús , Hernández Gonzalo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are increased in patients with oral cancer (OC) or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) when compared to a healthy control group (CG).Material and methodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of specialized databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and OpenGrey), including observational analytical studies evaluating the salivary LDH levels (in UI/L or μ/L) in OC or OPMD patients and compared them with a CG.ResultsThirteen case–control studies were included. A total of 755 patients were evaluated, including 303 OC cases, 149 OPMD cases, and 303 controls. The meta‐analysis showed that LDH levels were higher within the OC group than the CG (SMD 9.49; 95% CI 6.97–12; p = .00001). Patients with oral leucoplakia (SMD 11.67; 95% CI 1.01–22.33; p = .03) and oral submucous fibrosis (SMD 25.83; 95% CI −1.74–53.40; p = .07) also presented higher levels than the CG. In addition, OC patients had higher salivary LDH levels than oral leucoplakia patients (SMD 5.62; 95% CI 2.14–9.11; p = .002). Heterogeneity was high across all the evaluated studies.ConclusionsThe determination of salivary LDH may be a useful method for screening and tracking OC and OPMD, but new protocolized studies are required to establish precise cutoff values.