bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical production of acidified activated carbon and its influences on soil fertility comparative to thermo-pyrolyzed biochar
Authors: Sultan Haider , Ahmed Niaz , Mubashir Muhammad , Danish Subhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiochar (BC) is gaining attention day by day due to its potential benefits for the improvement in degraded soil health. During its production by pyrolysis, carbon sequestration is an important aspect that makes it environment-friendly amendment. However, 100% anaerobic combustion of waste at such a high temperature decreases its adaptability to produce BC at commercial scale. On the other hand, the alkaline nature of BC also causes adverse effects on soil health when used in alkaline soils. Keeping in mind the problem of BC production and its high pH, current experiment was conducted to introduce chemical production of acidified activated carbon (AAC) and its effects on soil nutrients status comparative to high temperature pyrolyzed BC. As compared to thermal pyrolysis, sulphuric acid produce acidified activated carbon in minimum time and large in quantity. Sulphuric acid produces acidified activated carbon, fix higher carbon as compared to thermal pyrolyzed BC. Results also showed that application of 2% AAC was far better for decreasing alkaline soil pHs(3.52 and 4.71%) and ECe(45.2 and 71.4%) as compared to control in clay and sandy clay loam. A significant maximum increase in available P (117.5 and 25.9%), extractable Zn (42.0 and 52.2%), B (111.4 and 46.2%) and Fe (59.5 and 34.4%) in clay and sandy clay texture soils also validated the efficacious functioning of AAC over BC and control. It is concluded that sulphuric acid use is an easier and adaptable method to produce activated carbon at commercial scale. As compared to thermal pyrolyzed BC, application of AAC could be more effective in the improvement of soil health and fertility status.
Seasonality of Taylor’s law of fluctuation scaling in all-India daily rainfall
Authors: Tippett Michael K. , Cohen Joel E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere we show that the variance over time of all-India daily rainfall (AIR) can be related to the mean over time of AIR by a seasonally varying power law. Outside of the peak monsoon months of July and August, AIR variance increases in proportion to a positive power of mean daily rainfall. During July and August, monthly averages of AIR show little association with the corresponding variances. This power-law relationship of temporal variance to temporal mean is known in biological sciences as Taylor’s law (TL) and in physical sciences as fluctuation scaling. We explain the seasonal variation in TL qualitatively by independent and identically distributed random sampling. Accounting for day-to-day correlation in AIR is sufficient to match quantitatively the observed power-law behavior. Our findings provide a quantitative month-specific assessment of the variability of AIR that could prove useful for the design of crop insurance and social safety nets for the large fraction of the population of the Indian subcontinent that depends on rainfed agriculture.
A family of phase masks for broadband coronagraphy example of the wrapped vortex phase mask theory and laboratory demonstration
Authors: Galicher R. , Huby E. , Baudoz P. , Dupuis O. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Future instruments need efficient coronagraphs over large spectral ranges to enable broadband imaging or spectral characterization of exoplanets that are 108 times fainter than their star. Several solutions have been proposed. Pupil apodizers can attenuate the star intensity by a factor of 1010 but they only transmit a few percent of the light of the planet. Cascades of phase and/or amplitude masks can both attenuate the starlight and transmit most of the planet light, but the number of optics that require alignment makes this solution impractical for an instrument. Finally, vector phase masks can be used to detect faint sources close to bright stars but they require the use of high-quality circular polarizers and, as in the previous solution, this leads to a complex instrument with numerous optics that require alignment and stabilization.
Aims. We propose simple coronagraphs that only need one scalar phase mask and one binary Lyot stop providing high transmission for the planet light (> 50%) and high attenuation of the starlight over a large spectral bandpass (∼30%) and a 360° field-of-view.
Methods. From mathematical considerations, we find a family of 2D phase masks optimized for an unobscured pupil. One mask is an azimuthal wrapped vortex phase ramp. We probe its coronagraphic performance using numerical simulations and laboratory tests.
Results. From numerical simulations, we predict the wrapped vortex can attenuate the peak of the star image by a factor of 104 over a 29% bandpass and 105 over a 18% bandpass with transmission of more than 50% of the planet flux at ∼4λ/D. We confirm these predictions in the laboratory in visible light between 550 and 870 nm. We also obtain laboratory dark hole images in which exoplanets with fluxes that are 3 × 10−8 times the host star flux could be detected at 3σ.
Conclusions. Taking advantage of a new technology for etching continuous 2D functions, a new type of mask can be easily manufactured opening up new possibilities for broadband coronagraphy.
Multifunctional platform OPI-TPP for post-mining areas management - supportive tool for environmental impact assessment in the Silesia Voivodeship
Authors: Bondaruk Jan , Hamerla Adam , Jąderko-Skubis Karolina 
Published: January 2020

Ongoing transformation of coal industry taking place in Silesian Voivodeship lead to increasing number of characteristic objects and post-industrial areas. Most of them are degraded and vacant even if they own resources of measurable natural or socio-economic value. Therefore effective scheme of their revitalisation is a high priority target for regional authorities and society.
Multidimensional approach to the analysis of post-mining areas requires ensuring proper scope and quality of data, integrating various areas of knowledge and information. An example of complex approach is an information platform based on analytical and expert modules the OPI-TPP system, which is a tool to support decision-making processes on the future use of post-industrial areas.
OPI-TPP based on Geographical Information System is an integrated tool dedicated for environmental impact assessment and provides measures that are necessary for regional and local stakeholders and reinforces decision making process.
This paper describes the methodology of post-mining area assessment in environmental impact aspect and exemplary applications with the use of the platform. The main functional relations of the system were presented, allowing to use the available range of data and analysis modules for the purpose of supporting environmental impact assessment for post-mining areas management in the Silesia Voivodeship.
Optimizing the computational simulations of air-flammable gas explosions using HPC and Ansys software
Authors: Munteanu Laurenţiu , Şuvar Marius Cornel , Tuhuţ Ligia Ioana 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this scientific work is to improve computer simulations of flammable air-gas explosions with HPC systems.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is increasingly used for obtaining variable values of fluid flow areas, respectively for the manner in which fluids react with limited surfaces.
For a separate analysis of liquids and gases is used CFD, and for more realistic results is used the multi-phase method performed by ANSYS Fluent, which improves the calculation scalability and power.
For increasing the processing speed for complex analyses, with multiple geometries and fine meshes, ANSYS provides the user HPC (High Performance Computing) tools applicable for structural, thermal, electromagnetic, fluid dynamics and explicit dynamics solvers. HPC configuration is characterized by a good scalability, having the capacity for future extension of cores or processors.
For decreasing the computational simulation time for explosions, the proposed solution consists in running complex simulations on the servers of a HPC cluster. In this way is provided the possibility for a parallel or distributed running on one or several calculation systems. Using HPC along ANSYS applications may be activated by GPU acceleration, while other applications are limited to processing using CPUs. INSEMEX develops technical investigations of explosions and fires occurred in the industrial or civilian field, in compliance with Government Decision 1461/2006, based on the verification of scenarios using virtual computational simulations.
Research on the use of modelling and computer simulation for metal mining structures in order to increase quality and safety
Authors: Vitan Cosmin , Nan Marin Sivliu , Dumitrescu Iosif , Nicola Aurelian , Vitan Dorel 
Published: January 2020

3D representations using assisted design and computer simulations allow determining the geometric characteristics of critical sections needed for analytical calculation. Also, these representations form the basis of meshing necessary for the finite element calculation.
The purpose of this paper is to perform the metal structure verification, both by classical analytical calculation and by the finite element method, as well as to validate these calculations by computerized simulation.
The calculation performed on this metallic structure involves the analytical determination of stresses and, implicitly, of safety coefficients, which constitute a verification of metal structure.
Das Arbeitsgedächtnis – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Kiese-Himmel Christiane 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Kurzzeitgedächtnis ist ein kapazitätslimitierter passiver Informationsspeicher. Seine Facette „Arbeitsgedächtnis“ hingegen ist nicht nur speicher-, sondern auch verarbeitungsorientiert, wodurch die aufgenommene Information ohne Zeitverzug für andere kognitive Prozesse zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann. Somit ist das Arbeitsgedächtnis ein dynamisches System zur Informationsverarbeitung, in dem alle bewussten Inhalte zusammentreffen. In den letzten 50 Jahren wurde das aus der Kognitiven Psychologie kommende Konstrukt „Arbeitsgedächtnis“ zunehmend mehr in klinische und pädagogische Kontexte übertragen. Insbesondere das hierarchische Mehrkomponentenmodell zum Arbeitsgedächtnis sensu Baddeley (1986, 2000) erhielt hohe Beachtung. Hier wird auf dessen ontogenetische Entwicklung, neuronalen Hintergrund, die Diagnostik im Kindesalter und klinische Relevanz des Konstrukts eingegangen.
Benötigen hirntote Organspender eine Narkose bei der Organentnahme?
Authors: Schiller Josefine 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen ihrer Fachweiterbildung für Anästhesie und Intensivpflege hat sich die Autorin mit dem Thema Organtransplantation, insbesondere mit der zentralen Fragenach der Notwendigkeit oder Verzichtbarkeit einer Narkose des Spenders bei einer Multiorgantransplantation beschäftigt. Ihre Facharbeit erreichte beim Thieme intensiv-Pflegepreis 2018 den 3. Platz. Wir präsentieren ihre Arbeit in einer gekürzten Fassung.
Multilokuläres Borrelien-assoziiertes Pseudolymphom
Authors: Meier K. , Schaller M. , Yazdi A. S. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungKutane Pseudolymphome sind reaktive lymphoproliferative T- oder B-Zellinfiltrate, die sowohl klinisch als histologisch dem Bild eines kutanen Lymphoms entsprechen können. Wir stellen einen Patienten mit einem seit 2 Jahren bestehenden ausgeprägten multilokulären B-Zell-Pseudolymphom am Rücken vor. In der weiteren Diagnostik zeigten sich Antikörper gegenüber Borrelien vom IgG- und IgM-Typ sowie ein CD20-positives Infiltrat, nukleär eine bcl-6-Expression sowie ein Fehlen einer bcl-2-Expression. Es wurde ein IgM-positives Borrelien-assoziiertes multilokuläres Pseudolymphom diagnostiziert und eine Therapie mit Doxycyclin 200 mg/Tag über 3 Wochen eingeleitet.
Kinder allein zu Hause
Authors: Schäfer Klaus 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungWas geschieht mit den Kindern, wenn ein alleinerziehendes Elternteil plötzlich durch Krankheit oder Unfall auf die Intensivstation kommt? Wer übernimmt das Sorgerecht? Klinikseelsorger und Autor P. Klaus Schäfer hat sich mit dieser Frage beschäftigt.
Sklerodermiformes Basalzellkarzinom an der Wange unter der (Fehl-)Diagnose einer Aknenarbe
Authors: Lehmann P. , Gröne P.-H. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Patientin stellte sich 4 Mal vor etwa 10 Jahren und vor 6 Jahren bei dem beklagten Hautarzt zum Hautkrebsscreening vor. In der ärztlichen Dokumentation wurde jeweils eine Narbe aufgrund einer Akne tarda befundet. Vor 2 Jahren stellte sich die Patientin bei einem anderen Hautfacharzt vor, der eine Biopsie entnahm, die ein sklerodermiformes Basalzellkarzinom ergab. Es musste eine komplexe operative Sanierung durchgeführt werden mit entsprechenden Komplikationen wie Nervenschädigungen, Gefühlsstörungen und Formveränderungen des Gesichtes. Die Gutachterkommission hat dies als Befunderhebungsfehler dem beklagten Arzt attestiert, zumal er nach dem 4., aber spätestens nach dem 5. Vorstellungsbesuch zum Hautkrebsscreening seine Diagnose mittels einer Probebiopsie hätte überprüfen müssen. Dies entspricht dem Facharztstandard, dem das Vorgehen des Facharztes in diesem Falle nicht gerecht wurde.
Surgical Treatment of a Neuromucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Left Main Bronchus via Posterolateral Thoracotomy in a 4-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Liebrich Markus , Friedel Godehard , Amrhein Peter , Tzanavaros Ioannis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 4-year-old boy with a neuromucoepidermoid carcinoma of the left main bronchus. Complete resection of the carcinoma and reconstruction of the carina between lower and upper lobe by means of an end-to-end anastomosis was performed via a left-sided thoracotomy.
Intonation across two border areas in the North Andean region: Mérida
(Venezuela) and Medellin (Colombia)
Authors: Díaz Chaxiraxi , Dorta Josefa , Mora Elsa , Muñetón Mercedes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Andes mountain system serves as a natural border throughout
several South American countries. This research takes place in the region known
as the Northern Andes, in two of the most important cities of the Venezuelan and
Colombian Andes: Mérida, State of Mérida, and Medellin, Department of
Antioquia.
The main purpose of this study is to establish intonation
similarities and differences between these two Andean cities. As a preliminary
study, part of the AMPER Project, it examines the F0 as a melodic support. The
study has been conducted according to the parameters established in the
above-mentioned project.
The intention of this research is twofold: First, to accomplish
one of the main AMPER goals of performing comparative studies among diverse
Romance languages and its varieties; and secondly, to establish possible
relationships and differences among language varieties that are in contact,
despite being separated by borderlines.
Prosody: A feature of languages or a feature of speakers?
Authors: Muñiz-Cachón Carmen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Social situations of language coexistence have resulted in linguistic manifestations of bilingualism and
diglossia, including linguistic interference, lexical loans and code switching.
What role does prosody play in social bilingualism? In other words, when contact between different languages is
not restricted to the individual but affects an entire speech community, does a dominant prosody exist? Does prosody vary among
different linguistic varieties?
In order to find an answer to these questions, we hereby show the results of a research project on the prosodic
features of Asturian and Castilian spoken in the centre of Asturias. This experimental study is based on the speech of four
informants from Oviedo – two men and two women – two of which speak Castilian, while the other two speak Asturian.
Stress clash in Spanish, Catalan, and Friulian from a prosodic perspective
Authors: Martínez Celdrán Eugenio , Roseano Paolo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn several languages, two stresses cannot appear adjacently in the speech chain, and a variety of solutions have been found to be used to resolve this disfavored juxtaposition. According to various different authors, a common strategy for solving stress clash is the non-realization of the first stress and, typically, a transfer of all stress parameters to the pre-tonic syllable.This study aims to describe how stress clash is solved in three Romance languages (Spanish, Catalan, and Friulian) and two sentence-types (broad focus statements and information-seeking yes-no questions). The first two languages behave similarly, insofar as length and loudness are not stress-supporting parameters, and F0maintains the general patterns of the type of sentence. Friulian stands out because length is the main stress parameter and tonic syllables are significantly longer, even when there is a stress clash. F0also follows the general sentence type pattern, with one exception: declarative sentences in NP1, where the pre-tonic syllable is always higher than its corresponding tonic.
F0 declination of intonation groups in Spanish and in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Yao Junming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMandarin Chinese and Spanish are the first two languages in the world by number of speakers. The interaction between speakers and thus between the two languages increases day by day. There are more and more Chinese students who study Spanish and Spanish students who study Chinese. At the same time, difficulties arise from the teaching-learning process, particularly with regard to phonetics, and more specifically the intonation, as they are two typologically-different languages. However, there exist very few comparative studies between them.This article seeks to explore the global declination of intonation groups in Spanish and Mandarin Chinese and we found similarities and differences between these two languages. To do this, we created a corpus of 278 isolated and unmarked sentences and 140 neutral paragraphs in Mandarin Chinese (totally 651 sentences), while in Spanish we used data from previous studies. The corpus was recorded by nine native speakers, three men and six women.We approached this study from a phonetic point of view and used the Garrido model (Garrido 1996,2001,2010) to compare the declination effect on the two languages according to different factors such as sentence type, the position of the intonation group within the utterance and length of the group.We also proposed for future study some possible methods for teaching Chinese and Spanish intonation as a second language.
Is the 'dark' still dark? The evolution of dark tourism and pilgrimage destinations.
Authors: Bİdecİ M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This chapter outlines the historical transformation of dark tourism sites from the premodern era to the present. This is done through discussing the idea of sacred journeys through pilgrimage and dark tourism. The chapter also examines the growth of dark tourism through different historical phases, and in so doing distinguishes between different 'shades' of dark tourism, and questions whether dark tourism is really 'dark'.
Museums as in populo dark tourism sites: a case study of Visitor experience.
Authors: Bond N. , Carr A. , Comtesse D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This chapter examines how both indigenous and non-indigenous visitors to the Western Australian Museum (Perth, Western Australia) both connected with and authenticated their experiences of the museum's Aboriginal gallery (Katta Djinoong), and the emotional responses and learning that flow from those experiences. It is shown that museums that confront colonization and the subjugation of Aboriginal peoples can, and should, be considered as places of in populo dark tourism.
Finding roots: pop culture pilgrimage and the affective geographies of Kunta Kinteh Island.
Authors: Wright K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This chapter examines how the transmedia narrative of Roots: The Saga of an American Family (a novel that was later adapted into two TV mini-series) has become entangled with the very real physical space of Kunta Kinteh Island, a dark tourist site in the Gambia River where millions of enslaved people were tortured and died. After more fully examining the back story of Roots, the rest of the chapter uses a non-representational approach to the study of place to frame the author's own experience of travelling to Kunta Kinteh Island and observing both the site and the tourismification of this 'factional' heritage.
Borough of the dead: the weight of hip hop's history and tourism's dark pilgrimage to the Bronx.
Authors: Donica J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This chapter focuses on both dark tourism and pilgrimage as they coalesce in the Bronx around hip hop - the defining music genre and period of history for the borough - and how managers of planned sites that address this history are attempting to address the range of expectations that visitors will bring.
Drug use and HIV Medication Adherence in People Living with HIV
Authors: Sohler Nancy , Slawek Deepika , Earnshaw Valerie , Jost John , Lee Alice , Mancini John , Mompremier Arielle , Cunningham Chinazo O. 
Published: January 2020

Background Opioid and cocaine use epidemics continue to be substantial in the United States and intersect with the HIV epidemic. Antiretroviral medication (ARV) adherence is critical for optimum HIV outcomes. While previous research explored harm reduction strategies to prevent HIV spread for people who use drugs (PWUD), little is known about strategies used by PWUD living with HIV to maintain ARV adherence. Methods We explored whether PWUD modify their drug use explicitly to maintain ARV adherence, and identified factors associated with this process. We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using a modified framework analysis approach. Results Participants had a mean age of 54 years and were predominantly male (70%) and non-Hispanic black (65%). Most described periods of being able to adhere to ARVs while still using drugs, difficulty adhering to ARVs while using drugs, and abstinence/near abstinence from drug use. In exploring factors that influenced changes in drug use and ARV adherence behaviors, we noted consistent acknowledgment of the roles of family, partners, or providers. Conclusions PWUD living with HIV often modify their drug use to improve ARV adherence. Providers caring for this population might consider family or group education models to encourage harm reduction to improve outcomes.