bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonaqueous electrophoresis on microchips: A review
Authors: Duarte Lucas M. , Moreira Roger C. , Coltro Wendell K. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of organic solvents as electrolytic medium in electrophoresis has become an important alternative for the analysis of compounds that exhibit low or no solubility in water. In recent years, nonaqueous electrophoresis has been extensively explored in conventional capillary systems for different applications. On the other hand, this separation strategy is still not as popular as free solution electrophoresis on chip‐based platforms due to the effects of solvent in the background electrolyte on the sample injection, detection performance, and microfluidic platform compatibility. In this way, this review summarizes the main achievements on nonaqueous microchip electrophoresis (NAME). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review dedicated to discuss exclusively nonaqueous electrophoresis on chip‐based systems. For this purpose, some important theoretical aspects involved when separations are performed in organic medium, such as equilibrium, interactions and electrophoretic considerations, are included in the review. In addition, the main challenges, advantages and influences of nonaqueous media on the sample injection, detection as well as the choice of the substrate to fabricate chip‐based electrophoresis devices are highlighted. Last, examples showing the feasibility of nonaqueous microchip electrophoresis for applications exploiting different methodologies, operational, and instrumental conditions are summarized and discussed. We hope this review can be useful to spread the huge potential of nonaqueous electrophoresis on microfluidic platforms.
Bayesian spatial analysis of hardwood tree counts in forests via MCMC
Authors: Entezari Reihaneh , Brown Patrick E. , Rosenthal Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we use a Bayesian spatial model to spatially interpolate forest inventory data from the Timiskaming and Abitibi River forests in Ontario, Canada. We consider a Bayesian generalized linear geostatistical model and implement a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample from its posterior distribution. How spatial predictions for new sites in the forests change as the amount of training data is reduced is studied and compared with a Bayesian logistic regression model without a spatial effect. Finally, we discuss a stratified sampling approach for selecting subsets of data that allows for potential better predictions.
An effective toluene removal from waste‐air by a simple process based on absorption in silicone oil (PDMS) and cross‐linked Brassica rapa peroxidase (BRP‐CLEAs) catalysis in organic medium: Optimization with RSM
Authors: Tandjaoui Nassima , Wolbert Dominique , Couvert Annabelle , Abouseoud Mahmoud , Amrane Abdeltif , Tassist Amina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present study, absorption in an organic solvent followed by enzymatic biodegradation by cross‐linked peroxidase from Brassica rapa (BRP‐CLEAs) was successfully applied as a solution for toluene removal from waste‐air in batch experiments. Silicone oil (PDMS 47V20) showed a high capacity for toluene absorption, regarding its air‐PDMS partition coefficient (2.08 Pa m3 mol−1) when compared to air‐water (666 Pa m3 mol−1). Box–Behnken restricted duplicate design was employed for the optimization of the enzymatic degradation of toluene in PDMS. Effects of four independent variables, namely, BRP‐CLEAs activity, toluene and hydrogen peroxide concentrations and sonication, were studied by choosing two responses: conversion yield and initial rate of reaction. Analysis of the results showed that both hydrogen peroxide and toluene concentrations presented the largest effect on the process while sonication had no effect. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination R2 and the adjusted R2 were 0.828 and 0.770 for conversion and 0.919 and 0.911 for initial rate, respectively. The optimum conversion determined was 60% of toluene removal.
Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire among cisgender gay men
Authors: Nagata Jason M. , Capriotti Matthew R. , Murray Stuart B. , Compte Emilio J. , Griffiths Scott , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten , Obedin‐Maliver Juno , Flentje Annesa , Lubensky Micah E. , Lunn Mitchell R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivePrior norms of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) among men have not considered sexual orientation. This study's objective was to assess EDE‐Q community norms among cisgender gay men.MethodParticipants were 978 self‐identified cisgender gay men from The PRIDE Study recruited in 2018.ResultsWe present mean scores and standard deviations for the EDE‐Q among cisgender gay men ages 18–82. Among cisgender gay men, 4.0% scored in the clinically significant range on the global score, 5.7% on the restraint, 2.1% on the eating concern, 10.5% on the weight concern, and 21.4% on the shape concern subscales of the EDE‐Q. The global score as well as weight and shape concerns in a young adult subsample (18–26 years) from The PRIDE Study were higher than previously reported norms in young men (Lavender, 2010). Participants reported any occurrence (≥1/28 days) of dietary restraint (19.8%), objective binge episodes (10.9%), excessive exercise (10.1%), laxative misuse (1.1%), and self‐induced vomiting (0.6%). Binge eating, excessive exercise, and self‐induced vomiting in The PRIDE Study subsample were lower than previously reported in young men.DiscussionWe provide EDE‐Q norms among cisgender gay men, which should aid clinicians and researchers to interpret the EDE‐Q scores of cisgender gay men.
Research on the plume shape under optimal wind environment to prevent the smoke backflow and combustion gains in utility tunnel
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Ye Kai , Liu Hong , Peng Fei , Cao Bei , Huang Yubiao , Yang Lizhong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe utility tunnels have been applied extensively to run the various pipelines in the urban areas such as the gas pipeline, electrical power cables, and the likes. Contradicting with the rapid development of the utility tunnels is the ambiguity of the fire protection code to which one critical point is whether to ventilate in the fire accident, which is hampered by the effect of wind on the combustion gain. Therefore, this paper combines the plume function with the backlayering length and critical backflow velocity to explore the plume shape, optimize the ventilation environment, and decrease its combustion gain in which shows three key features that include the concavity and convexity characteristics, instability of plume, and the balance feature. Moreover, through their derived five plume shape constraints, we acquire the optimal wind environment. Furthermore, we found that the expected length is 0.12 in optimal condition when the original critical velocity is larger than 0.43, and the other cases are 0.05 for expected length. Meanwhile, the ventilation velocity needs to be increased three to seven times. The study provides new insight into the plume flow under the wind environment and would accelerate the formalization of fire protection design for utility tunnel.
Glia of the human retina
Authors: Reichenbach Andreas , Bringmann Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe human retina contains three types of glial cells: microglia and two types of macroglia, astrocytes and Müller cells. Macroglia provide homeostatic and metabolic support to photoreceptors and neurons required for neuronal activity. The fovea, the site of the sharpest vision which is astrocyte‐ and microglia‐free, contains two populations of Müller glia: cells which form the Müller cell cone in the foveola and z‐shaped Müller cells of the foveal walls. Both populations are characterized by morphological and functional differences. Müller cells of the foveola do not support the activity of photoreceptors and neurons, but provide the structural stability of the foveal tissue and improve the light transmission through the tissue to the photoreceptors. This article gives overviews of the glia of the human retina and the structure and function of both Müller cell types in the fovea, and describes the contributions of astrocytes and Müller cells to the ontogenetic development of the fovea.
Albumin domain mutants with enhanced Aβ binding capacity identified by phage display analysis for application in various peripheral Aβ elimination approaches of Alzheimer's disease treatment
Authors: Ishima Yu , Mimono Ai , Tuan Giam Chuang Victor , Fukuda Tetsuya , Kusumoto Kohshi , Okuhira Keiichiro , Suwa Yoshiaki , Watanabe Hiroshi , Ishida Tatsuhiro , Morioka Hiroshi , Maruyama Toru , Otagiri Masaki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeposition of amyloid protein, particularly Aβ1‐42, is a major contributor to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, almost no deposition of Aβ in the peripheral tissues could be found. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in the blood, has been reported to inhibit amyloid formation through binding Aβ, which is believed to play an important role in the peripheral clearance of Aβ. We identified the Aβ binding site on HSA and developed HSA mutants with high binding capacities for Aβ using a phage display method. HSA fragment 187–385 (Domain II) was found to exhibit the highest binding capacity for Aβ compared with the other two HSA fragments. To elucidate the sequence that forms the binding site for Aβ on Domain II, a random screening of Domain II display phage biopanning was constructed. A number of mutants with higher Aβ binding capacities than the wild type were identified. These mutants exhibited stronger scavenging abilities than the wild type, as revealed via in vitro equilibrium dialysis of Aβ experiments. These findings provide useful basic data for developing a safer alternative therapy than Aβ vaccines and for application in plasma exchange as well as extracorporeal dialysis.
Extended multiplicative signal correction for FTIR spectral quality test and pre‐processing of infrared imaging data
Authors: Tafintseva Valeria , Shapaval Volha , Smirnova Margarita , Kohler Achim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpectral quality control is an important step in the analysis of infrared spectral data, however, often neglected in scientific literature. A frequently used quality test that was originally developed for infrared spectra of bacteria is provided by OPUS software from Bruker Optik GmbH. In this study, the OPUS quality test is applied to a large number of spectra of bacteria, yeasts and moulds and hyperspectral images of microorganisms. It is shown that the use of strict thresholds for parameters of the OPUS quality test leads to discarding too many spectra. A strategy for optimizing parameters thresholds of the OPUS quality test is provided and a novel approach for spectral quality testing based on extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) is suggested. For all the data sets considered in our study, the EMSC quality test is shown to be the best among different alternatives of OPUS quality test provided.
Downregulation of microRNA let‐7f mediated the Adriamycin resistance in leukemia cell line
Authors: Cao Yi‐Xiong , Wen Feng , Luo Ze‐Yu , Long Xing‐Xing , Luo Cong , Liao Pei , Li Jun‐Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) has become the major cause of failure chemotherapy for leukemia and high mortality of leukemia. The study aimed to investigate whether the let‐7f mediate the Adriamycin (ADR) resistance of leukemia, and to explore the potential molecular mechanism. Cell proliferation was examined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and the soft agar clone formation assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detected cell cycle and apoptosis. The targeted regulationship was analyzed by dual‐luciferase assay. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to measure the expressions of let‐7f, ABCC5, ABCC10, cell cycle‐related proteins, and apoptosis‐related proteins. The xenograft mouse model was used to conduct the tumor formation assay in vivo. The results demonstrated that the expression of let‐7f was lower in multidrug‐resistant K562/A02 cell lines compared to that in K562, while ABCC5 and ABCC10 were upregulated. Overexpression of let‐7f in K562/A02 cell lines downregulated the ABCC5 and ABCC10 expression, enhanced cell sensitivity to ADR, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. let‐7f was proved to negatively regulate ABCC5 and ABCC10. Tumor formation assay further determined that let‐7f overexpression increased sensitivity to ADR. Taken together, the let‐7f downregulation induced the ADR resistance of leukemia by upregulating ABCC5 and ABCC10 expression. Our study provided a novel perspective to study the mechanism of MDR and a new target for the reversal of MDR.
Diminished 25‐OH vitamin D3 levels and vitamin D receptor variants are associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes with coronary artery diseases
Authors: Ma Lei , Wang Shujin , Chen Heming , Cui Lin , Liu Xiaoxiang , Yang Hua , Li Guohong , Liu Songfang , Qi Ting , Tian Hongyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRole of plasma vitamin D and genetic variants of its receptor (VDR) in susceptibility to different diseases has been documented. Various studies in different populations have been highlighted strong associations with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the onset of coronary artery diseases (CAD). However, the role of vitamin D in predisposition to CAD in patients with T2D is ill‐defined.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 674 Chinese T2D patients, and based on clinical phenotype, patients were further categorized into patients with (n = 138) or without coronary artery disease (n = 536). Five hundred twenty‐one healthy subjects from similar geographical areas, free from diabetic or coronary disorders, were enrolled as controls. Serum levels of 25‐OH vitamin D were quantified by ELISA. Common VDR (FokI, TaqI, BsmI, and ApaI) polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP).ResultsPatients with T2D displayed lower levels of 25‐OH vitamin D compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, T2D patients with CAD clinical phenotype had the lowest levels of vitamin D. Prevalence of FokI and TaqI mutants was significantly higher in diabetic patients when compared to controls. Interestingly, Tt genotype was more frequent in the artery disease group in comparison with T2D patients without heart involvement. Combined analysis of VDR polymorphisms and serum levels of vitamin D revealed a significant role in predisposition to T2D with or without CAD.ConclusionsLower vitamin D levels and variants of VDR polymorphisms (FokI and TaqI) are associated with susceptibility to T2D and clinical manifestation.
Efficient degradation of Acid Orange 7 by persulfate activated with a novel developed carbon‐based MnFe2O4 composite catalyst
Authors: Du Jinying , Xu Wensi , Liu Jie , Zhao Zhiwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA novel carbon‐based modified MnFe2O4 catalyst was first developed to produce sulfate radicals (SO4−•) by activation of persulfate (PS). The catalyst was fabricated with a mixture of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles and chitosan (which could form a large amount of carbon‐based biomass after pyrolysis) annealed at 600 °C and was referred to as CM‐600.RESULTSThe microstructure of the composite catalyst CM‐600 showed that MnFe2O4 was supported on the surface of carbon‐based sheets. After modification by pyrolysis, the specific surface area of MnFe2O4 enlarged significantly and thus the contact area between catalyst and PS increased. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the components of CM‐600. In comparison with the MnFe2O4/PS system, the activation of PS by CM‐600 was enhanced prominently, while 99.0% Acid Orange 7 (AO7) removal was achieved after reacting for 30 min. Investigations of influencing factors indicated the optimal treatment parameters. The two reactive species in the degradation process, namely free radicals (SO4−• and hydroxyl radicals (•OH)) and non‐radicals (singlet oxygen, 1O2), were confirmed by quenching tests and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The corresponding degradation mechanism was proposed and SO4−• was generated primarily via the activation of PS by MnII and FeII.CONCLUSIONThe research demonstrated that the composite catalyst CM‐600 improved the property of MnFe2O4 for catalyzing PS and thus enlarged the practical application of SO4−• oxidation technology in pollutant degradation in aqueous environments. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis: A speckle tracking study
Authors: Kalkan Kamuran , Kalkan Fikriye , Aksakal Emrah , Gulcu Oktay , Lazoglu Zakir , Aksu Ugur , Korkmaz Ali Fuat , Demirelli Selami 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeAlthough it is affected at an early stage, there is a lack of studies investigating right ventricular (RV) function in patients with mitral stenosis (MS). We aimed to investigate the correlation between conventional echocardiographic variables and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), used as an indicator of RV dysfunction.MethodsWe enrolled 59 consecutive patients with MS and assigned them in group 1 if TAPSE ≤16, or group 2 if: TAPSE >16.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 42.2 ± 8 years, and 74.6% were females. In univariate analysis, maximal mitral valve gradient, mean mitral valve gradient, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, RV strain, and RV strain rates were associated with RV dysfunction. In multivariate analysis, both strain variables were found to be independent predictors of RV dysfunction. Kaplan Maier survival analysis showed that patients with lower RV strain had more rehospitalization rate during the one‐year follow‐up period.ConclusionsRV dysfunction is common in patients with MS and is associated with higher rehospitalization rate and morbidity. Evaluation of RV strain and strain rate for early detection of RV dysfunction and prediction of rehospitalization may be an appropriate approach in mitral stenosis.
IFNγ receptor down-regulation facilitates Legionella survival in alveolar macrophages
Authors: Yang Chao , McDermot Daniel S. , Pasricha Shivani , Brown Andrew S. , Bedoui Sammy , Lenz Laurel L. , van Driel Ian R. , Hartland Elizabeth L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic human pathogen and causative agent of the acute pneumonia known as Legionnaire's disease. Upon inhalation, the bacteria replicate in alveolar macrophages (AM), within an intracellular vacuole termed the Legionella-containing vacuole. We recently found that, in vivo, IFNγ was required for optimal clearance of intracellular L. pneumophila by monocyte-derived cells (MC), but the cytokine did not appear to influence clearance by AM. Here, we report that during L. pneumophila lung infection, expression of the IFNγ receptor subunit 1 (IFNGR1) is down-regulated in AM and neutrophils, but not MC, offering a possible explanation for why AM are unable to effectively restrict L. pneumophila replication in vivo. To test this, we used mice that constitutively express IFNGR1 in AM and found that prevention of IFNGR1 down-regulation enhanced the ability of AM to restrict L. pneumophila intracellular replication. IFNGR1 down-regulation was independent of the type IV Dot/Icm secretion system of L. pneumophila indicating that bacterial effector proteins were not involved. In contrast to previous work, we found that signaling via type I IFN receptors was not required for IFNGR1 down-regulation in macrophages but rather that MyD88- or Trif- mediated NF-κB activation was required. This work has uncovered an alternative signaling pathway responsible for IFNGR1 down-regulation in macrophages during bacterial infection.
Recent advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy. Part XIII
Authors: Nafie Laurence A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article is an overview of advances in Raman spectroscopy published in 2018 in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (JRS) and, in addition, trends over the past decade across journals that have published papers important to the field of Raman spectroscopy. The trends are based on statistical data of article counts obtained from Clarivate Analytic's Web of Science Core Collection by year and by subfield of Raman spectroscopy. Coverage is provided for presentations involving Raman spectroscopy at four international conferences this year: the Tenth International Conference on Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy (ICAVS‐10) in Aukland, New Zealand in July; SCIX 2019 organized by the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies (FACSS) in Palm Springs, California USA in October; the European Conference on Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy (ECONOS 2019) in Rouen, France in April; and the Tenth International Congress on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA 2019) in Potsdam, Germany in September. Finally, papers published in JRS in 2018 are highlighted and arragned by topics at the frontier of Raman spectroscopy. Based on these data, presentations, and publications, it is clear that Raman spectroscopy continues as an expanding field of research across a wide range of novel disciplines and applications that provide sensitive photonic information at the molecular level.
Simplified preoperative tool predicting discharge destination after major oncologic gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Ramanathan Rajesh , Rieser Caroline , Kurtom Saba , Rustom Salem , Subramany Revathy , Wolfe Luke G. , Kaplan Brian J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreoperatively identifying patients who will require discharge to extended care facilities (ECFs) after major cancer surgery is valuable. This study compares existing models and derives a simple, preoperative tool for predicting discharge destination after major oncologic gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsThe American College of Surgeon National Surgical Quality Improvement datasets were used to evaluate existing risk stratification and frailty assessment tools between the years 2011 and 2015. A novel tool for predicting discharge to ECF was developed in the 2011‐2015 dataset and subsequently validated in the 2016 dataset.ResultsMajor resections were analyzed for 61 683 malignancies: 6.9% esophagus, 5.3% stomach, 20.0% liver, 21.0% pancreas, and 46.8% colon/rectum. The overall ECF discharge rate was 9.1%. The American Society of Anesthesiologist score, 11‐point modified frailty index (mFI), and 5‐point abbreviated modified frailty index (amFI) demonstrated only moderate discrimination in predicting ECF discharge (c‐statistic: 0.63‐0.65). In contrast, our weighted cancer cancer abbreviated modified frailty index (camFI) score demonstrated improved discrimination with c‐statistic of 0.73. The camFI displayed >90% negative predictive value for ECF discharge at every operative site.ConclusionThe camFI is a simple tool that can be used preoperatively to counsel patients on their risk of ECF discharge, and to identify patients with the least need for ECF discharge after major oncologic gastrointestinal surgery.