bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whipped chickpea aquafaba as a fat replacer in ice cream: Effect on sensory and physicochemical properties
Authors: Balivo Andrea , d'Errico Giulia , Genovese Alessandro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhipped chickpea aquafaba (WAF) exhibits foaming, emulsifying, and gelling properties, making it a potential ingredient for replacing cream in ice cream formulations. The aim of this study was to use WAF in combination with whey protein isolate (WPI) to produce low‐fat coffee ice cream with 50% (L50) and 80% (L80) milk cream replacement. The melting rate, color, texture, volatile compounds, and sensory attributes were analyzed to explore the physical, chemical, and sensory properties of the low‐fat ice creams compared to their full‐fat counterparts. Fat substitute performance varied based on cream replacement levels, with L50 1:0 (WAF:WPI) and L80 1:0 achieving 25% and 40% reductions in calorie content, respectively. The foaming properties of aquafaba resulted in an increased overrun, particularly in formulations where the cream reduction was 50%. While the 80% replacement showed higher intensity of “hardness,” “brown color,” and “melting” sensory descriptors, the 50% cream‐replaced ice cream showed only slight differences compared to the full‐fat version, like a higher perception of ice crystals. The combination of WAF and WPI in ice cream provides sensory properties and releases pyrazines, responsible for the coffee aroma, similar to full‐fat ice cream. The 1:1 WAF:WPI mixture for 50% cream reduction provided a suitable cream replacement, as this formulation resulted in ice cream that was not identified as different from the full‐fat control ice cream in the triangle test.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrates that whipped aquafaba, a by‐product of chickpea processing, can be effectively used to reduce the fat content in ice cream without compromising sensory quality. In addition to promoting the development of healthier low‐fat ice creams, this approach also contributes to food industry sustainability by reusing a commonly discarded by‐product.
Increased mitochondrial mutation heteroplasmy induces aging phenotypes in pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny
Authors: Vandiver Amy R. , Torres Alejandro , Sanden Amberly , Nguyen Thang L. , Gasilla Jasmine , Doan Mary T. , Martirosian Vahan , Hoang Austin , Wanagat Jonathan , Teitell Michael A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is an important source of inherited extranuclear variation. Clonal increases in mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy have been implicated in aging and disease, although the impact of this shift on cell function is challenging to assess. Reprogramming to pluripotency affects mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy. We reprogrammed three human fibroblast lines with known heteroplasmy for deleterious mtDNA point or deletion mutations. Quantification of mutation heteroplasmy in the resulting 76 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones yielded a bimodal distribution, creating three sets of clones with high levels or absent mutation heteroplasmy with matched nuclear genomes. iPSC clones with elevated deletion mutation heteroplasmy show altered growth dynamics, which persist in iPSC‐derived progenitor cells. We identify transcriptomic and metabolic shifts consistent with increased investment in neutral lipid synthesis as well as increased epigenetic age in high mtDNA deletion mutation iPSC, consistent with changes occurring in cellular aging. Together, these data demonstrate that high mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy induces changes occurring in cellular aging.
The Bronchodilator and Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of Long‐Acting Muscarinic Antagonists in Asthma: An EAACI Position Paper
Authors: Agache I. , Adcock I. M. , Akdis C. A. , Akdis M. , Bentabol‐Ramos G. , van den Berge M. , Boccabella C. , Canonica W. G. , Caruso C. , Couto M. , Davila I. , Drummond D. , Fonseca J. , Gherasim A. , del Giacco S. , Jackson D. J. , Jutel M. , Licari A. , Loukides S. , Moreira A. , Mukherjee M. , Ojanguren I. , Palomares O. , Papi A. , Perez de Llano L. , Price O. J. , Rukhazde M. , Shamji M. H. , Shaw D. , Sanchez‐Garcia S. , Testera‐Montes A. , Torres M. J. , Eguiluz‐Gracia I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAs cholinergic innervation is a major contributor to increased vagal tone and mucus secretion, inhaled long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) are a pillar for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. By blocking the muscarinic receptors expressed in the lung, LAMA improve lung function and reduce exacerbations in asthma patients who remained poorly controlled despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting β2 agonists. Asthma guidelines recommend LAMA as a third controller to be added on before the initiation of biologicals. In addition to bronchodilation, LAMA also exert anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic effects by inhibiting muscarinic receptors present in neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and airway smooth muscle cells. Thus, besides bronchodilation, LAMA might provide additional therapeutic effects, thereby supporting an endotype‐driven approach to asthma management. The Position Paper, developed by the Asthma Section of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, discusses the main cholinergic pathways in the lung, reviews the findings of significant clinical trials and real‐life studies on LAMA use in asthma, examines the placement of these drugs in asthma clinical guidelines, and considers the potential for personalised medicine with LAMA in both adult and paediatric asthma patients.
Psychosocial Determinants of Poor Dental Attendance Among Young Mexican‐Identifying Adults in California
Authors: Devi Aachal , Martinez Lourdes S. , Kritz‐Silverstein Donna , Calzo Jerel P. , Strong David R. , Hoeft Kristin S. , Finlayson Tracy L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveEngagement in preventive dental care is a complex health behaviour and is determined by multiple factors. The study aimed to understand the association of psychosocial determinants with poor dental attendance.MethodsSurvey data from 333 Mexican‐identifying adults in California aged 21–40‐year were analysed. Poor dental attendance was a composite of time since last dental visit and reason for visit. Responses of ‘more than 1 year ago’ for last dental visit, or ‘something was wrong, bothering or hurting/emergency dental problem’ as the reason for last dental visit were categorised as poor dental attendance. Psychosocial determinants including dental anxiety assessed using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, participant reported quality of provider interactions, and perceived social support were assessed. Logistic regression analyses examined associations after accounting for covariates.ResultsOver half (58%) had poor dental attendance. Among those with poor dental attendance, 22% had high dental anxiety, 41% perceived low quality of dental explanation, and 48% reported provider occasionally/never checked patient understanding. Participants with high anxiety had twice the odds of poor dental attendance (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.01–4.22) than those with low dental anxiety. Additionally, those reporting that providers did not explain oral health status or treatments well had two times higher odds of poor dental attendance than those reporting adequate explanation (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.11–3.83). Checking patient understanding or perceived social support was not significantly associated with dental attendance.ConclusionDental anxiety and poor provider interactions affect use of dental services. Interventions targeting dental staff should prioritise enhancing communication skills and checking patient understanding to improve their dental attendance.
Growth Prediction Model for Prepubertal Children With Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency: An Analysis of LG Growth Study Data
Authors: Jeong Hwal Rim , Lee Hae Sang , Hwang Jin Soon 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGrowth hormone (GH) treatment is effective in restoring normal growth in children with GH deficiency (GHD). However, individual responses to GH treatment vary, necessitating predictive models to estimate growth outcomes. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for GH treatment response during the first 2 years in patients with idiopathic GHD using the LG growth study (LGS) database.MethodsThis observational study included 669 prepubertal patients with idiopathic GHD from the LGS registry who received GH treatment for at least 2 years. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was performed to develop prediction models for the treatment period.ResultsThe mean age of patients with GDH was 6.0 ± 1.8 years. Height standard deviation score (SDS) significantly increased from −2.50 ± 0.71 to −1.66 ± 0.71 in the first year and −1.35 ± 0.71 in the second year. The first‐year growth velocity was 9.06 ± 1.51 cm, decreasing to 7.42 ± 1.37 cm in the second year. The prediction models incorporated variables such as age, birth weight, bone age, initial height SDS, body mass index SDS, mid‐parental height, GH dose and first year of height after GH treatment, explaining 76.9% and 84.1% of the variability in height SDS changes in the first and second years, respectively.ConclusionsGH treatment significantly improves height outcomes in prepubertal children with GHD. The developed predictive models demonstrated accuracy, facilitating personalized GH therapy. Future research should focus on refining these models and exploring the long‐term effects of GH treatment in pubertal patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01604395.
Atopic dermatitis and the outcomes of pregnancy and offspring: A nationwide population‐based study in Taiwan
Authors: Weng Pei‐Chun , Zhang Jun‐Fu , Kuo Chang‐Fu , Huang Yu‐Huei 
Published: December 2024

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesStudies have identified increased risks of pregnancy complications in expectant mothers with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the associations between maternal AD and adverse pregnancy or offspring outcomes in Asians remain unexplored. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between maternal AD and adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes in Taiwan.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database between 2003 and 2019. We recruited 15,495 AD mothers and 77,475 non‐AD mothers, as well as 19,173 children born to AD mothers and 95,865 children born to non‐AD mothers, using propensity score matching. Pregnancy and offspring outcomes were compared in the maternal and offspring cohorts, respectively.ResultsAD mothers had higher risks of threatened abortion, preeclampsia/eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, threatened preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, anemia, surgical complications, infections, pulmonary events, and renal events, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.09–1.71. Children born to AD mothers had increased risks of AD, allergic rhinitis, asthma, alopecia areata, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.05–2.29.ConclusionsThere is a significant association between maternal AD and adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes in Taiwan.
Natural history of SGCE‐associated myoclonus dystonia in children and adolescents
Authors: De Francesch Valeria , Cazurro‐Gutiérrez Ana , Timmers Elze R. , Español‐Martín Gemma , Ferrero‐Turrión Julia , Gómez‐Andrés David , Marcé‐Grau Anna , Dougherty‐de Miguel Lucía , González Victoria , Moreno‐Galdó Antonio , Tijssen Marina A. J. , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the natural progression of SGCE‐associated myoclonus dystonia from symptom onset in childhood to early adulthood.MethodMyoclonus and dystonia were monitored using rating scales in two cohorts of participants from Spain and the Netherlands. Individual annualized rates of change were calculated and longitudinal trends were assessed using Bayesian mixed models. Psychiatric features were evaluated cross‐sectionally in the Spanish cohort.ResultsThirty‐eight patients (21 males, 17 females) were evaluated at a mean age (SD) of 10 years (4 years 7 months; range 2–21 years) and 14 years 2 months (4 years 8 months; range 4–25 years). We observed a significant worsening of action myoclonus, global dystonia, and dystonia during writing (mean annual increases of 1.356, 0.226, and 0.518 in the Unified Myoclonus, Burke–Fahn–Marsden, and Writer's Cramp Rating Scales respectively). Accordingly, participants perceived a significant worsening in their speech, writing, and walking abilities. Twenty‐six of 32 participants suffered from anxiety (n = 13), obsessive‐compulsive disorder (n = 9), and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (n = 8).InterpretationThis study demonstrates that, unlike in the adult population, myoclonus dystonia syndrome in childhood and adolescence follows a progressive course that can be debilitating in the early stages of life. These findings, along with a high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, highlight the need for early therapeutic interventions to prevent long‐term motor and psychological sequelae.
A Review of Theory: Comparing Invasion Ecology and Climate Change‐Induced Range Shifting
Authors: Flickinger Haley D. , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHuman actions have led to large‐scale shifts in the distributions of species, which have accelerated over recent decades. Two contributing factors include the introduction of non‐native species to new regions, and more recently, the shift of species into new ranges to track a human‐altered climate. While the context of these species redistributions is different, we argue here that scientists studying the effects of either invasion or range shifting are interested in the same underlying mechanistic questions: (1) What traits make a species likely to survive in a new location? and (2) Which recipient ecosystems are likely to support a newly arrived species? A survey of the theoretical literature surrounding these topics demonstrates the usefulness of this comparison and highlights key differences between range shifting and invasion in factors including genetic diversity, climatic tolerance, local adaptation, and coevolutionary history. This review does not support the blanket application of an invasion framework to climate change‐induced range shifts. However, we suggest the use of modified invasion theories, experimental designs, and risk assessments could aid in predicting outcomes and prioritizing management resources for climate‐threatened species.
The Contemporary Distribution of Scincine Lizards Does Not Reflect Their Biogeographic Origin
Authors: Datta‐Roy Aniruddha , Brandley Matthew C. , Austin Christopher C. , Bauer Aaron M. , Harris David James , Carranza Salvador , Ukuwela Kanishka D. B. , De Silva Anslem , Tolley Krystal A. , Karanth K. Praveen , Sil Maitreya 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimWe assess the systematic relationships and historical biogeographic patterns in the subfamily Scincinae, a group of lizards that primarily inhabits the Afro‐Madagascan and Saharo‐Arabian regions with isolated lineages in Europe, North America, East Asia, India and Sri Lanka. The contemporary distribution of these lineages on the historical Laurasian and Gondwanan landmasses make scincines an ideal system to study the roles of vicariance and dispersal on a geologic scale of tens of millions of years.LocationGlobal.TaxonSubfamily Scincinae (Family Scincidae).MethodsWe conducted biogeographic analyses on a reconstructed, time‐calibrated species tree of scincine genera, including members of the other Scincidae subfamilies, using seven nuclear loci (~6 k base pairs). We also constructed a lineage‐through‐time plot to assess the timing of diversification within scincines.ResultsOur analysis estimated strong support for the monophyly of Scincinae that is further comprised a strongly‐supported Gondwanan clade nested within a broader Laurasian group. While most of the extant, genus‐level diversity within the Gondwanan clade was accrued post‐Eocene, the majority of the Laurasian lineages diverged during the Palaeocene or earlier, suggesting large‐scale extinctions on continents of Laurasian origin. Counterintuitively, scincines from India and Sri Lanka have distinct biogeographical origins despite a long tectonic association between these landmasses, suggesting at least two independent, long‐distance, trans‐oceanic dispersal events into the subcontinent. Our biogeographic analyses suggest that scincines likely originated in East and Southeast Asia during the late Cretaceous (ca. 70 Ma), and eventually dispersed westwards to Africa and Madagascar, where their greatest current‐day species richness occurs.Main ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the concomitant roles of dispersal and extinction in shaping modern‐day assemblages of ancient clades such as scincine lizards. Our range evolution analysis shows that despite the greater diversity observed in the Afro‐Madagascan region, the origin of scincines can be traced back to Southeast Asia and East Asia, followed by westward dispersals. These dispersals may have been followed by significant extinctions in tropical East Asia, resulting in relatively lower diversity of scincines in these regions. Notably, our analysis reveals that Sri Lankan and Peninsular Indian scincines have distinct evolutionary origins.
Foreclosure and Profit Shifting With Partial Vertical Ownership
Authors: Hunold Matthias , Werner Vasilisa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that the incentives of firms that partially own their suppliers or customers to foreclose rivals depend on how the partial owner can extract profit from the target. Compared to a fully vertically integrated firm, a partial owner may obtain only a share of the target's profit but may have significant influence over the target's strategy. We show that the incentives for customer and input foreclosure can be higher, equal, or even lower with partial ownership than with a vertical merger, depending on how the protection of minority shareholders and transfer price regulations affect the scope for profit extraction.
Actively soniferous tropical reef fishes are diverse, vulnerable, and valuable
Authors: Hodson Emma Jayne , Cox Kieran , Juanes Francis , Looby Audrey 
Published: December 2024

AbstractActive (i.e., intentional) fish sound production provides informative cues for numerous ecological functions, including larval recruitment or reproduction, and can facilitate monitoring and restoration. It is therefore important to have a holistic picture of actively soniferous tropical reef fish diversity, particularly in the face of growing threats such as noise pollution and habitat degradation. This study integrates fish biodiversity and sonifery datasets to assess the prevalence and ecological characteristics of actively soniferous tropical reef fishes. There are 258 known sound‐producing species, which span 46 families, encompass a variety of life‐history (e.g., lifespan) and distribution (e.g., depth) attributes, and include many vulnerable and commercially valuable species. Furthermore, up to 75% of tropical reef fish species are considered likely to produce active sounds. This synthesis should encourage a greater appreciation for active fish sound production in tropical reef environments and advance efforts to incorporate soundscape ecology into management and restoration strategies.
Novel Application of Non‐Invasive Methodological Approaches in Biomedical Sciences Towards Better Understanding of Marine Teleost Ocular Health and Disease
Authors: Gendron Robert L. , Kwabiah Rebecca R. , Paradis Hélène , Tucker Denise , Boyce Danny , Santander Javier 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSeafood is an important resource for global nutrition and food security, with both land and marine aquaculture playing pivotal roles. High visual acuity is key for health and survival of farmed, cultured, and wild fish. Cleaner fish technology to control parasite infestation has become important in marine aquaculture and highlights the importance of visual acuity in the efficacy of cleaner fish species. New clinical diagnostic approaches towards understanding and optimising fish visual health could benefit both aquacultured and wild fish populations. Opportunities for developing and using advanced non‐invasive clinical assessment and diagnosis of ocular health in wild, cultured, and experimental fish are key to more rapidly realising how threats to eye health in these animals might be better understood and mitigated. Ophthalmoscopy can rapidly and non‐invasively image anatomical aspects of retinal and anterior ocular tissues and has been used in mammalian biomedicine since the turn of the 20th century. More now than ever, labour‐intensive post‐mortem approaches for ocular analysis such as histology are increasingly being replaced or supplemented by application of various forms of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of ocular tissues in mammalian biomedicine. Advances and availability of other methodological approaches such as three‐dimensional printing and computer science make instrument customisation affordable and adaptable. This review article will outline how ophthalmoscopy, OCT, and other methodologies are being applied towards understanding ocular health in teleost fish species and will describe some of the future opportunities that technological advances might afford in advancing ocular imaging in fish health and disease in general.
Understanding the cross‐section of CDS returns using equity options
Authors: Duong Diep , Park Sunjin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe examine the cross‐section of credit default swap (CDS) returns by forming CDS portfolios based on the implied volatility curves of equity options. We document that CDS protection sellers earn higher average returns for: (1) firms with higher at‐the‐money implied volatility and (2) firms with steeper volatility skew when conditioning on high implied volatility. We find that, relative to bond returns, CDS returns are better explained by our proposed measures interacted with standard credit determinants. Our reasoning is that the large degree of informed trading in the CDS market makes it more in sync with the equity options market, which is also known to attract informed traders.