bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All morphemes are not the same: accuracy and response times in a lexical decision task differentiate types of morphemes
Authors: Coch Donna , Hua Jianjun , Landers‐Nelson Allison 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundEvidence indicates that fluent readers automatically decompose morphologically complex words. However, few studies have directly compared processing of stimuli comprising different types of morphemes, particularly bound and free morphemes.MethodsEighty fluently reading young adults participated in a lexical decision task with word and nonword stimuli composed purely of bound stem (e.g. discern, predict; disject, percern) or free (e.g. cobweb, earring; cobline, bobweb) morphemes, along with comparison control stimuli (e.g. garlic, minnow; gartus, buzlic). We used both traditional analyses of variance and modern mixed‐effect modelling to investigate morphological effects on accuracy and response times for words and nonwords.ResultsIn both ANOVAs and mixed‐effect analyses, bound stem words were responded to more quickly and accurately than free morpheme words, indicating that behavioural responses in a lexical decision task can differentiate between types of morphemes. Moreover, in mixed‐effect analyses, accuracy and response times were similar for bound stem words and control words. In contrast, in the mixed‐effect analyses, accuracy was worse, and response times were longer for both bound stem and free morpheme nonwords as compared with control nonwords, but accuracy and response times were similar for bound stem and free morpheme nonwords.ConclusionsThat it was easier to process words composed of bound stem morphemes, as compared with free morphemes, indicates that all morphemes are not processed similarly. That this pattern of results for word stimuli was not seen with nonword stimuli suggests that the processing advantages for bound stem words are related to the semantic familiarity of real words. Overall, these findings have implications for learning and teaching morphology.
Nursing Diagnosis Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nemer Amanda Peixoto Lima , Cavalcante Tahissa Frota , Moreira Rafaella Pessoa , de Araújo Thelma Leite , Ferreira José Erivelton de Sousa Maciel , de Oliveira Lídia Rocha 
Published: May 2020

AIMTo validate the nursing diagnosis risk for unstable blood glucose level in adult/elderly patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.METHODStudy Methodological was used in this article. The validation process was carried out using the model proposed by Hoskins (1989).RESULTSThe risk factors ineffective medication management and high carbohydrate and lipid food intake achieved a concordance index greater than 85%.CONCLUSIONThis study contributed to the identification of new risk factors, at risk populations, and important associated conditions.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEIt is believed that the findings reported in this paper can be used to improve clinical protocols for the prevention of unstable blood glucose, in addition to contributions to the advancement of nursing science.
The plant pathogen Rhodococcus fascians. History, disease symptomatology, host range, pathogenesis and plant–pathogen interaction
Authors: Dhaouadi Sabrine , A. H Mougou , Rhouma Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince 1927, outbreaks of the leafy gall disease caused by Rhodococcus fascians on annual and perennial herbaceous plants have put the ornamental plant industry at risk. More recently, Pistachio Bushy top syndrome (PBTS), a serious disease emerging in the Western United States, has been declared as a natural disaster by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Recent developments indicate that the taxonomic position of R. fascians should be re‐evaluated and circumscribed from other members of the genus. Due to the broad host range of this bacterium, economically important crops are in a vulnerable position especially with new members within the genus becoming able to interact synergistically with R. fascians to cause symptom development. The virulence strategies employed by R. fascians and the involvement of cytokinins (CKs) in its pathogenicity have been the subject of much controversy in the last years. Additionally, the detection of virulent strains of R. fascians from symptomatic tissues has been problematic for many researchers. This review focuses on plant–pathogen interaction in context with more recent findings on the association of CKs in virulence of R. fascians. Current knowledge on the worldwide distribution of the pathogen, a historical recap of its discovery and the economic impact of the disease caused by R. fascians are also described here.
SARS‐CoV‐2, testosterone and frailty in males (PROTEGGIMI): A multidimensional research project
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Corona Giovanni , Giwercman Aleksander , Maggi Mario , Minhas Suks , Nappi Rossella E. , Sofikitis Nikolaos , Vignozzi Linda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPreliminary published data depict a much greater prevalence of males with laboratory‐confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) referred for intensive care unit admission and severe sequelae in several countries. In this context, males seem to not only be more susceptible to the infection compared to female subjects, at least in Western countries, but their case fatality rate attributable to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is also highest. Therefore, we may speculate that the different hormonal milieu could have a more profound pathophysiological role in association with SARS‐CoV‐2, with endogenous testosterone leaving men more prone to develop more serious complications related to the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Another option is that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection per se causes an acute stage of male hypogonadism, the depletion of androgenic action triggering serious or an even fatal course of the disease. Therefore, we strongly advocate the development of a prospective multidimensional andrological translational research project in men, which we called the PROTEGGIMI study. In this Opinion Article, we will not only highlight novel research activity in this area but also invite other researchers and learned scientific societies to join us in our efforts to understand an important and very newly discovered gap in knowledge, which may have serious implications for the lives of millions of men.
Social support facilitates physical activity by reducing pain
Authors: Stevens Mark , Cruwys Tegan , Murray Kristen 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe link between social support and physical activity has primarily been examined cross‐sectionally, with a focus on the direct association between the two variables. In a distinct body of work, there has been growing interest in the role of social support in reducing pain (emotional and physical). We examined the relationship between social support and physical activity over time. We further examined whether reduced pain mediates the relationship between social support and physical activity.DesignData were drawn from Waves 15, 16, and 17 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey.MethodsMediation models were used to test our hypotheses in (a) a representative sample of 12,517 people residing in Australia, and (b) a subsample of 927 people with a condition that causes chronic or recurring pain.ResultsSocial support was a weak predictor of subsequent physical activity in both the full sample and the subsample of people with a condition that causes chronic or recurring pain. However, in both samples, mediation analyses demonstrated a significant indirect effect of social support on physical activity through reduced pain.ConclusionsOne pathway through which social support impacts physical activity is by reducing peoples’ pain. Increasing and strengthening peoples’ social support networks may confer benefits for their physical activity levels, including among those whose physical activity is limited by pain.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Social support can have a positive effect on health behaviours, including physical activity.

There is somewhat inconsistent evidence for a positive direct relationship between social support and physical activity.

Pain can be a barrier to physical activity, but may be attenuated by social support.

What does this study add?

Social support affected physical activity indirectly by reducing peoples’ pain.

This was true for both the general population and a subsample with a chronic pain condition.

Improving peoples’ social support networks may confer benefits for their physical activity.
Sediment dispersal and redistributive processes in axial and transverse deep‐time source‐to‐sink systems of marine rift basins: Dampier Sub‐basin, Northwest Shelf, Australia
Authors: Chen Hehe , Wood Lesli J. , Gawthorpe Robert L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMorphological scaling relationships between source‐to‐sink segments have been widely explored in modern settings, however, deep‐time systems remain difficult to assess due to limited preservation of drainage basins and difficulty in quantifying complex processes that impact sediment dispersals. Integration of core, well‐logs and 3‐D seismic data across the Dampier Sub‐basin, Northwest Shelf of Australia, enables a complete deep‐time source‐to‐sink study from the footwall (Rankin Platform) catchment to the hanging wall (Kendrew Trough) depositional systems in a Jurassic late syn‐rift succession. Hydrological analysis identifies 24 drainage basins on the J50.0 (Tithonian) erosional surface, which are delimited into six drainage domains confined by NNE‐SSW trending grabens and their horsts, with drainage domain areas ranging between 29 and 156 km2. Drainage outlets of these drainage domains are well preserved along the Rankin Fault System scarp, with cross‐sectional areas ranging from 0.08 to 0.31 km2. Corresponding to the six drainage domains, sedimentological and geomorphological analysis identifies six transverse submarine fan complexes developing in the Kendrew Trough, ranging in areas from 43 to 193 km2. Seismic geomorphological analysis reveals over 90‐km‐long, slightly sinuous axial turbidity channels, developing in the lower topography of the Kendrew Trough which erodes toe parts of transverse submarine fan complexes. Positive scaling relationships exist between drainage outlet spacing and drainage basin length, and drainage outlet cross‐sectional area and drainage basin area, which indicates the geometry of drainage outlets can provide important constraints on source area dimensions in deep‐time source‐to‐sink studies. The broadly negative bias of fan area to drainage basin area ratios indicates net sediment losses in submarine fan complexes caused by axial turbidity current erosion. Source‐to‐sink sediment balance studies must be done with full evaluating of adjacent source‐to‐sink systems to delineate fans and their associated up‐dip drainages, to achieve an accurate tectonic and sedimentologic picture of deep‐time basins.
Sequential Presentation Protects Working Memory From Catastrophic Interference
Authors: Endress Ansgar D. , Szabó Szilárd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeural network models of memory are notorious for catastrophic interference: Old items are forgotten as new items are memorized (French, 1999; McCloskey & Cohen, 1989). While working memory (WM) in human adults shows severe capacity limitations, these capacity limitations do not reflect neural network style catastrophic interference. However, our ability to quickly apprehend the numerosity of small sets of objects (i.e., subitizing) does show catastrophic capacity limitations, and this subitizing capacity and WM might reflect a common capacity. Accordingly, computational investigations (Knops, Piazza, Sengupta, Eger & Melcher, 2014; Sengupta, Surampudi & Melcher, 2014) suggest that mutual inhibition among neurons can explain both kinds of capacity limitations as well as why our ability to estimate the numerosity of larger sets is limited according to a Weber ratio signature. Based on simulations with a saliency map‐like network and mathematical proofs, we provide three results. First, mutual inhibition among neurons leads to catastrophic interference when items are presented simultaneously. The network can remember a limited number of items, but when more items are presented, the network forgets all of them. Second, if memory items are presented sequentially rather than simultaneously, the network remembers the most recent items rather than forgetting all of them. Hence, the tendency in WM tasks to sequentially attend even to simultaneously presented items might not only reflect attentional limitations, but also an adaptive strategy to avoid catastrophic interference. Third, the mean activation level in the network can be used to estimate the number of items in small sets, but it does not accurately reflect the number of items in larger sets. Rather, we suggest that the Weber ratio signature of large number discrimination emerges naturally from the interaction between the limited precision of a numeric estimation system and a multiplicative gain control mechanism.
Automatic traditional Chinese painting classification: A benchmarking analysis
Authors: Liong Sze‐Teng , Huang Yen‐Chang , Li Shumeng , Huang Zhongkai , Ma Jingyang , Gan Yee Siang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn the recent years, there is a growing trend toward digitization of cultural heritage for better accessibility and preservation. For instance, the development of image processing techniques in traditional Chinese painting (TCP) has begun to attract researchers' attention in the computer vision field. TCP is one of the representative of Chinese traditional arts. Evidenced by the successes of development in image processing techniques in various applications, this article aim to apply the deep learning approach on TCP for several purposes, which include automatic establishment of unified image library, facilitating update‐to‐date data in the database, reduction of cost required for image classification and retrieval. First, a unified database is established, that consists of more than a thousand of images from six major TCP themes. Then, several deep learning algorithms that are based on mathematical models are applied to examine the classification performance. In addition, the salient regions that denote significant features are identified, by adopting the instance segmentation technique. As a result, the modified pretrained neural network is capable to achieve 99.66% recognition accuracy. Qualitative results are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. We also note that this is the first work that performs multiclass classification on six categories in this domain. Furthermore, a 10‐class classification result of 96% is obtained when performing on one of the painting types, namely, ghost‐and‐god.
Novel delayed‐cure, durable press, shrink‐resist treatment of wool fabrics and garments
Authors: Kistamah Naraindra , Carr Chris M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe relatively high heat stability of commercial easy‐care chemicals for cotton allows for greater flexibility in garment manufacturing, in particular the delayed curing of durable press, wrinkle‐resistant, shrink‐resist (SR) finishes on garments. Typically, the technology involves application of the wet chemical finish to the open width fabric, drying, storage, garment manufacture, heat pressing of the creases/pleats, and lastly garment baking to fully cure the durable press/crease‐resistant/SR finish. By contrast, for the wool industry, there is no comparable technology, and this presents an obvious commercial weakness. The reason for this technical deficiency is that the prepolymers used for imparting machine washability and potentially durable press to wool apparel polymerise on the fabric at room temperature in storage, thereby losing their reactivity. Subsequent manufacturing into the final garment still allows the fabric to offer stability to laundering, but the loss of prepolymer reactivity precludes any potential for introducing durable creases/pleats into the garment as an integrated late‐stage garment process. In this study, we present a simple solution to this technical deficiency through the use of cyclodextrin‐based technology and deliver a delayed‐cure, durable press, machine‐washable wool technology ready for market. In any commercial textile process, the effect of chemical finishing on the final fabric colour is important. It is demonstrated in this study that the addition of HP‐β‐cyclodextrin into the Synthappret BAP and EC 1354 formulations has an instrumentally detectable effect on the colour of the dyed wool fabric, but that this difference is less than one colour difference (ΔECMC) unit.
Experiences of over‐the‐counter codeine misusers and accounts of recovery: A qualitative study in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Kirschbaum Melissa , Barnett Tony , Cross Merylin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThere is international concern about misuse of over‐the‐counter (OTC) codeine, yet few studies have reported the perspectives of misusers themselves. This study explored the experience of OTC codeine misuse and recovery in Tasmania, Australia.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with 15 self‐identified long‐term users of OTC codeine. The interview guide prompted responses about reasons for codeine use, positive and negative impacts, recovery, identity and codeine accessibility. Transcripts were analysed abductively using qualitative content analysis. Categories that emerged from misuser accounts were aligned to three broad temporal phases: (i) transition to misuse; (ii) growing awareness; and (iii) towards recovery.ResultsSalient features of the misuse experience included: initial use for the self‐treatment of physical pain; ongoing use to self‐medicate physical pain, stress or mental health conditions; a perception of safety of OTC codeine; an insidious transition from use to misuse; growing awareness of a problem over time; support provided by family, friends and the internet; recovery through self‐change; and recognition that recovery is an ongoing process.Discussion and ConclusionsKnowledge and understanding of the experience of OTC codeine misuse and recovery is critical to inform and tailor approaches to prevention and intervention. The findings suggest that strategies to improve the management of pain, stress and mental health, raise self‐awareness of problematic use and potential for self‐change, and increase social and web‐based supports, should be considered when designing health policy initiatives that aim to reduce misuse.
Normalisation of non‐drinking? 15–16‐year‐olds' accounts of refraining from alcohol
Authors: Scheffels Janne , Buvik Kristin , Tokle Rikke , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIn many countries, adolescents' drinking has decreased substantially over recent years. This study aims to explore Norwegian adolescents' accounts of refraining from drinking alcohol and how their explanations are contextualised.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 95 adolescents aged 15–16 years (50 females), recruited from six schools in Norway. Interviews examined perceptions and experience of alcohol use, and how non‐drinking was reasoned for.ResultsThe adolescents' accounts of refraining from alcohol were sorted into three categories: (i) influence from non‐drinking peers and negative social norms towards alcohol use: non‐drinking was described as the norm in their age group; (ii) legal age and relationship to parents: age limits and parents' disapproval of drinking was perceived as justifiable; and (iii) non‐drinking to sustain control: alcohol use was perceived as implying loss of control of self‐presentation in specific situations, and risk of negative exposure on social media. It was also seen as implying risk of loss of control of future achievement in school or sports.Discussion and ConclusionsThe adolescents' explanations for non‐drinking indicated a devaluation in the social position of alcohol among younger adolescents. Non‐drinking was described as majority behaviour and fitting in with a life orientation towards both present‐day and future achievement. Their accounts pointed towards a normative effect of age limits on buying alcohol and highlighted the significance of emotional closeness and open communication about alcohol with parents. The results indicate a differentiated normalisation of non‐drinking in this age group.
Thermal tolerances and species interactions determine the elevational distributions of insects
Authors: Amundrud Sarah L. , Srivastava Diane S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimPhysiological limits to thermal extremes are often thought to determine the abundance and geographical distribution of species, but more recent evidence suggests that species interactions might be equally important. Moreover, the relative importance of these constraints might shift with changing abiotic conditions, such as climate change. Here, we explore the relative importance of physiological tolerances to heat and species interactions in determining the distribution of insects along two elevational gradients. The gradients contrast in precipitation but not temperature, allowing us to separate these two climatic factors.LocationMontane rainforest in Costa Rica.Time period2015–2016.Major taxa studiedBromeliad‐dwelling aquatic insect larvae.MethodsWe estimated the elevational preferences of five insect taxa by surveying 170 bromeliads along the moist Atlantic and the dry Pacific slopes of Monteverde and determined their critical thermal maxima (CTmax) experimentally. We determined whether taxon‐specific heat tolerances predicted their elevational preferences, using Deming regressions, and tested whether potential predators mediated effects on the elevation of insect distributions, using structural equation models.ResultsOn the moist Atlantic slope, heat tolerances of insects explained their elevational distributions: taxa with high heat tolerances preferred low elevations where conditions were warmest, whereas taxa with low heat tolerances preferred high elevations where conditions were coldest. In contrast, on the drier Pacific slope, the elevational abundance pattern of many insects reflected negative interactions from crane fly larvae. These larvae are known to become predatory in drought conditions and were disproportionally abundant at low elevations on the Pacific slope.Main conclusionsWe show that under drought, indirect effects mediated by species interactions can override any direct physiological effects of environmental conditions on insect distributions. The relative importance of limits to physiological tolerance and species interactions thus depends on the environmental context, an important insight given that environmental conditions are expected to shift with climate change.