bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadening the Categories of Patients Eligible for Extended Venous Thromboembolism Treatment
Authors: Schindewolf Marc , Weitz Jeffrey Ian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTraditionally, venous thromboembolism (VTE) resulting from major transient risk factors (e.g., surgery or trauma) or a major persistent risk factor such as cancer, has been defined as being provoked, whereas unprovoked VTE encompasses events without an identifiable cause. These categorizations influence anticoagulant treatment duration; unlike VTE provoked by major transient risk factors, extended anticoagulation beyond 3 months is advised for patients with cancer or unprovoked VTE due to risk persistence after treatment cessation. However, some patients with VTE provoked by minor transient or minor persistent risk factors may also be candidates for extended anticoagulation therapy due to the continuing risk of recurrence. In patients who require extended therapy, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are effective but are associated with an increased risk of bleeding and various treatment burdens (e.g., anticoagulation monitoring and dose adjustment). Evaluations of extended VTE treatment with the less-burdensome direct oral anticoagulants such as apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban show that they are at least as safe and effective as VKAs in a broad range of patients. In addition, apixaban and rivaroxaban offer more than one dosing option, allowing tailoring of treatment to the patient's specific risk factor profile. Analysis of more granular definitions for risk factor groupings has also yielded vital information on the most appropriate strategies for the treatment of patients with specific risk factors, highlighting that extended anticoagulation treatment may benefit those with minor transient and persistent environmental and nonenvironmental risk factors who commonly receive shorter-duration therapy.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Clinical Decision Support to Improve Influenza Vaccine Uptake in an Integrated Pediatric Health Care Delivery System, Houston, Texas
Authors: Bratic Julia S. , Cunningham Rachel M. , Belleza-Bascon Bella , Watson Scott K. , Guffey Danielle , Boom Julie A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Our study retrospectively evaluated the implementation of an influenza vaccine best practice alert (BPA) in an electronic medical record within an integrated pediatric health care delivery system.
Methods An influenza BPA was implemented throughout a large pediatric health care delivery system in Houston, TX, to improve vaccine uptake. Outcomes were measured retrospectively over 3 years of BPA implementation and compared with a control year prior to BPA implementation. Primary outcomes were influenza vaccine uptake, distribution of influenza vaccines ordered by week, proportion of BPA displays ignored, and missed vaccination opportunities.
Results Influenza vaccine uptake declined from the pre-BPA year (47.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 47.0, 47.4) to the last study year (45.1%; 95% CI: 44.9, 45.2). BPA displays were increasingly ignored by clinical staff throughout the study years from 59.6% in 2014–2015 to 72.5% in 2016–2017. For providers, BPA displays were ignored less frequently each year from 53.4% in 2014–2015 to 51.4% in 2017–2017. Within the primary care outpatient group, the proportion of missed vaccination opportunities in sick visits decreased from 86.8% during the pre-BPA year to 81.0, 79.8, and 82.7% during the subsequent study years 2014–2015, 2015–2016, and 2016–2017, respectively.
Conclusion Implementation of a widespread influenza BPA in an integrated pediatric health care delivery system did not produce meaningful increases in influenza vaccine uptake. Differences between clinical staff and providers on BPA use warrant further investigation.
Pediatric Scaphoid Nonunions: A Case Series, Review of the Literature, and Evidence-Based Guidelines
Authors: Oestreich Kerstin , Jacomel Tatiana Umata Yoko , Hassan Sami , Horwitz Maxim David , Lindau Tommy Roger 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Scaphoid fractures represent less than 3% of hand and wrist fractures in the pediatric population. Nonunions are very rare. We present a case series (n = 18) of nonunions in skeletally immature children and adolescents. We further present a review of the literature on pediatric scaphoid nonunions.
Materials and Methods We reviewed the literature by searching the main databases on pediatric scaphoid nonunions, but to identify factors that lead to nonunion, we also searched for databases on scaphoid fractures. Seventy articles were found for the period between 1961 and 2019, all with level 4/5 evidence.
Results The nonunion rate of pediatric scaphoid fractures in the literature is on average 1.5%, occurring mostly as a result of missed or underdiagnosed injuries, similar to our presented case series. Half (n = 9) of the injuries in our case series were missed initial injuries, leading to scaphoid nonunions and half developed nonunions after initial treatment. We found excellent outcomes and with surgical and nonoperative management, with few complications. Not surprisingly, the duration of immobilization is longer with nonoperative management.
Conclusions Based on the literature, we recommend a period of nonoperative management before surgery in undisplaced nonunions. In displaced nonunions, open reduction and internal fixation ± bone grafting is necessary. In pediatric scaphoid fractures, similar to adult cases, we identified that suspicious scaphoid fractures should be considered for initial immobilization, and repeat X-rays and early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans should be considered at follow-up. Immobilization time and type of plaster should be appropriate in relation to the fracture site, similar to the adult scaphoid fracture.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Assessment of needle penetration depth and relationship with its analgesic effect
Authors: M. Bosque , M. Siquella , P. Monclús , MM Santafe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aims The field of invasive physical therapy offers a wide spectrum of effective methods for the treatment of myofascial pain. All these methods share the fact that they begin with the insertion of a solid needle. Thereafter, they diverge either because of the variable use of repeated insertions or because of the application of an electric current with different intensity and duration parameters. The so-called “needle effect” is described as an anesthetic effect which is achieved by probing with the needle the point where pain pressure sensitivity is found, using an appropriate orientation and depth in order to elicit this effect. At present, there continues to be controversy regarding whether the needle effect is a true clinical effect or placebo.
Material and Methods This study is a controlled clinical trial with double blinding formed by three randomized groups: sham needling, needling at the level of the subcutaneous tissue (superficial) and needling at the level of the muscle tissue (deep). The intervention consisted in the insertion of the needle at the specified depth according to each group and maintained during 60 seconds. Each group comprised of 17 volunteer inline hockey players of both sexes from the Club Reus Deportiu sports club in the junior and senior categories (between 18 and 36 years of age). Algometry and joint range of motion were determined for the dominant lower limb before and after the intervention. A Student's t-test was performed for paired comparisons and an ANOVA for multiple comparisons.
Results The same degree of algometry and joint range variation was obtained before and after the intervention in the three groups under study. No significant differences regarding algometry or joint range were obtained between the group of superficial needle insertion compared to the deep dry needling group, nor for any of these groups compared to the sham group.
Conclusion No improvement was found in the pain pressure sensitivity in a latent Myofascial Trigger Point (MTrP) of the gastrocnemius muscle nor were there improvements in dorsal and plantar ankle flexion immediately after treatment for any of the needle depths studied. The mere insertion of an acupuncture needle in a MTrP in young athletes does not provide any therapeutic benefit within the study parameters. Therefore, it seems reasonable that repeated insertions or specific techniques should be used to achieve a beneficial effect.
Effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion compared with electroacupuncture and moxibustion in older people with gonarthrosis
Authors: MF Enachescu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Gonarthrosis is a subtype of arthrosis which produces greater functional disability in our context. Women are more affected, with a prevalence in the general population of 16% and a clear increase as age advances, reaching up to 43%.
Aims To evaluate whether the combined treatment of electroacupuncture and moxibustion is more effective than the treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion in patients of advanced age with gonarthrosis.
Material and Methods An experimental, prospective and randomized study. Patients were divided into two groups: group A, who received acupuncture (n = 6) and group EA who received electroacupuncture (n = 7): modulated TENS (F = 5 Hz, P = 50 µS, I = 90%, 10 min). Both group A and EA combined treatments with moxibustion. Three interventions were performed, over three consecutive weeks, and the results obtained in each group were compared using several validated scales.
Results 84.6% of patients were women, with a mean age of 83.3 years, and 53.8% of these with obesity. The right leg was the more affected (76.9%) and 46.2% had a severe disability. Pain reduction (Visual Analog Scale) was statistically significant in each session in both groups however, to a greater extent in group EA (reduction of pain EA 3.4 versus 1.3 in A). The improvements of stiffness with both treatments was evident (mean 69.2%), however without statistically significant between-group differences. A clear difference was not found in the functionality according to the different scales applied (WOMAC, Barthel, Katz, Up&Go) nor in the reduction in the use of medication.
Conclusion The results obtained show a clear improvement in the control of pain and rigidity with the combination of both therapies, although differences were not found in the functionality and muscle strength scales, which are values that we believe would improve with a greater sample and a greater duration of interventions. In conclusion, in our study, electroacupuncture combined with moxibustion provides slightly better results to acupuncture combined with moxibustion, regarding the improvement of pain and stiffness in older patients with gonarthrosis.
NS5A-P32 Deletion in Hepatitis C Genotype 1b Infection is the Most Refractory Treatment-Mediated Amino Acid Change Exhibiting Resistance to all NS5A Inhibitors
Authors: Hikita Hayato , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNS5A-P32 deletion (P32del) is a resistance-associated amino acid change that has recently gained popularity in direct-acting antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Although not yet detected in naive patients, it appears in 5 to 10% of hepatitis C genotype 1b patients who fail to respond to daclatasvir/asunaprevir and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir treatments. In contrast to signature resistance-associated substitutions, such as substitutions at the NS5A-L31 and NS5A-Y93 positions, it shows complete resistance to all NS5A inhibitors in replicon and cell culture. Studies of humanized liver mice suggest that P32del retains good replication fitness and requires two classes of antivirals, except NS5A inhibitors, to be suppressed effectively. Patients with the P32del virus do not respond to glecaprevir/pibrentasvir but do respond to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir, presumably to sofosbuvir + glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, and at least partially to sofosbuvir/velpatasvir + ribavirin. Attention should be given to P32del in patients who experience failure with any NS5A inhibitor, especially those with genotype 1b infection.
Contact Pressure between Digital Flexors and Plates for Distal Radius Approaches
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Melvani Roshan , Aziz Keith T. , Abbasi Pooyan , Means Kenneth R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Flexor tendon irritation or rupture following open reduction and volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures can cause significant morbidity and necessitate additional surgical intervention.
Objectives To compare the impact of the extended flexor carpi radialis (e-FCR) and standard flexor carpi radialis (FCR) approaches on contact pressures between the flexor tendons and volar distal radius plates.
Methods Eight matched pairs of fresh frozen cadavers had each limb randomized to undergo either the e-FCR or standard FCR approach. After the approach, a locking plate was applied to the volar distal radius more distally than ideally to create a worst-case scenario for the digital flexor tendons. Electronic pressure sensors were secured to the volar aspect of each locking plate. Each wrist was pinned in 20 degrees of extension during testing. Using a computer-controlled stepper motor system attached to the digital flexor and extensor tendons, the digits were taken through 4,000 cycles simulating 12 weeks of active flexion and extension.
Results There were no statistically or clinically significant differences when comparing the contact pressures of the e-FCR approach with the standard FCR approach at any time intervals. The e-FCR had statistically significantly higher radial-sided contact pressures than ulnar-sided contact pressures during early-to-intermediate testing intervals. These differences resolved at late and final testing intervals.
Conclusions When comparing the standard FCR approach with the e-FCR approach, with the wrist in 20 degrees of extension, there is no significant difference in contact pressures that occur between the digital flexor tendons and volar distal radius plates.
Clinical Relevance Further study and technique modifications may eventually lead to better methods of avoiding flexor tendon rupture during the volar plating of distal radius fractures.
Engineering tolerance to abiotic stresses.
Authors: Meilan R. , Kirst M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics in several forest tree species are providing tools and resources that will expedite the improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in trees. This chapter provides selected examples of how these advances can be utilized to introduce or enhance abiotic stress tolerance in trees.
Integrating perceptions of the school neighbourhood environment with constructs from the theory of planned behaviour when predicting transport‐related cycling among Chinese college students
Authors: Zhang Ru , Zhang Chun‐Qing , Wan Kang , Hou Yan‐Si , Rhodes Ryan E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim: Using a longitudinal design, the purpose of this study was to test a model integrating perceptions of the school neighbourhood environment with constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict transport‐related cycling among Chinese college students.Methods: A sample of 630 (M age = 18.95 years; SD = 1.16) Chinese college students completed baseline measures that included perceptions of the school neighbourhood environment, TPB constructs, transport‐related cycling, and covariates. Of those, 547 students (M age = 18.90 years; SD = 0.92) also completed measures of transport‐related cycling one month later.Results: Findings showed that intention had a direct effect on students’ transport‐related cycling, while attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control predicted cycling indirectly via intention. Perceptions of the school neighbourhood environment did not provide an indirect effect on cycling via the TPB constructs, although some perceived environmental factors had indirect effects on intention via attitudes and subjective norm. Further, those who perceived better street connectivity showed a larger intention‐cycling relationship than those who perceived less street connectivity.Conclusions: Findings of this study highlight the importance of integrating perceptions of the school neighbourhood environment with the TPB constructs to explain transport‐related cycling through both intention formation and action control (i.e. translating intention into behaviour). The identified moderator of perceived street connectivity on the intention‐cycling relationship suggests that efficient cycling routes may impact action control of cycling. Future research applying dual process and action control models beyond TPB may contribute to the identification of the multilevel determinants of transport‐related cycling.
High value resistance comparison (SIM.EM-S15)
Authors: Castro Blanca I , Jarrett Dean G , Payagala Shamith U 
Published: December 2019

This is a report of the results of an Interamerican Metrology System (SIM) comparison on high resistance values, performed to compare the measurement capabilities of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and (Instituto Costarrricense de Electricidad - Laboratorio Metrológico de Variables Eléctricas) ICE-LMVE and for establishing the degree of equivalence between those laboratories.
During 2018, two resistance standards were used as traveling standards for measurements in those countries, with NIST-USA acting as the pilot laboratory. Results for four measurement points are presented as errors relative to a comparison reference value together with their uncertainty.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 59Fe for the PTB (Germany), LNE-LNHB (France) and the NMIJ (Japan), and the linked APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison
Authors: Michotte C , Ratel G , Courte S , Kossert K , Nähle O , Dersch R , Branger T , Bobin C , Yunoki A , Sato Y 
Published: December 2019

Three new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison held in 2014 through the NMIJ who participated in both comparisons. Five NMIs used the K1 or K2 comparison to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for the remaining five NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Fe-59 comparison and the eight other participants in the APMP.RI(II)-K2.Fe-59 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with KRISS, April 2019
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Lee Jae Yong , Lee Sangil 
Published: December 2019

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Korea maintained by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range from 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Legendre decomposition for tensors*
Authors: Sugiyama Mahito , Nakahara Hiroyuki , Tsuda Koji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a novel nonnegative tensor decomposition method, called Legendre decomposition, which factorizes an input tensor into a multiplicative combination of parameters. Thanks to the well-developed theory of information geometry, the reconstructed tensor is unique and always minimizes the KL divergence from an input tensor. We empirically show that Legendre decomposition can more accurately reconstruct tensors than other nonnegative tensor decomposition methods.
Equation of state and properties of fcc gold in macro and nano-sized state
Authors: Akhmedov E N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An approach to studying the state equation and the thermodynamic properties of both a macrocrystal and a nanocrystal from a unified standpoint is proposed. The calculation of th state equation for gold showed good agreement with the experimental data. Graphs of pressure dependences were obtained for the following properties: bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, surface energy. An isobaric (at P = 0) size dependence of the distance between the centers of the nearest atoms and the melting temperature of a gold nanocrystal is obtained. It was shown that the size dependence of the melting temperature in the case of the isobaric conditions increases with the change in the nanocrystal size more rapidly compared with the isochoric conditions.
Localized bending and longitudinal waves in rods interacting with external nonlinear elastic medium
Authors: Erofeev V I , Leonteva A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the study of the propagation of bending and longitudinal waves in homogeneous rods interacting with a nonlinear elastic medium. The dynamic behaviour of the rods is determined by refined theories as follows: for a rod fixed on a nonlinear elastic foundation and executing bending vibrations we select the Tymoshenko model while for a rod immersed in a nonlinear elastic medium and performing longitudinal vibrations we choose the Mindlin-Hermann model. It is demonstrated that evolutionary equations are generalizations of the well-known Ostrovsky equation: the modified Ostrovsky equation with a cubic non-linear term and the Ostrovsky equation with an additional quadratic non-linear term. Both generalized equations have exact soliton solutions of the stationary wave class.
Tungsten and molybdenum nano-oxides as promising substrates for analytical method of giant Raman scattering
Authors: Borodina T I , Valyano G E , Karpukhin V T , Malikov M M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the results of the experimental research into composition and crystal structures of tungsten and molybdenum nano-oxides. We prove that the starting material of nanostructures is amorphous, with particle sizes being less than 1-2 nm. These structures are able to serve as an effective substrate for the analytical method based on the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).