bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmable objective function for data transportation in the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Fabian Philippe , Rachedi Abderrezak , Guéguen Cédric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the last few years, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has gained more interest from the community because of the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, the growing amount of data generated by vehicles' sensors, and the motivation to use this data for different purposes. Given the very dynamic nature of fast moving vehicles, building a network that guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) is still a challenge. This is why we have developed an original architecture and a programmable objective function to improve QoS on the ever‐changing networks present in the IoV. Simulation results will show that the proposed solution adapts better to mobility by providing better packet delivery ratio up to five times, achieving three times less packet losses and greatly reducing the energy consumption by a factor 10 compared with state of the art solutions, without compromising delay nor throughput usage.
Professional forecasters' expectations, consistency, and international spillovers
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Czudaj Robert L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the expectation formation process of professional forecasters by relying on survey data on forecasts regarding gross domestic product growth, consumer price index inflation and 3‐month interest rates for a broad set of countries. We examine the interrelation between macroeconomic forecasts and also the impact of uncertainty on forecasts by allowing for cross‐country interdependencies and time variation in the coefficients. We find that professional forecasts are often in line with the Taylor rule and identify significant expectation spillovers from monetary policy in the USA.
IRRIGATION AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRAGEDY: PATHWAYS TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURAL WATER USE
Authors: Perret Sylvain R. , Payen Sandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGlobal environmental degradation, and the diverse and intense interactions between irrigation and the environment, are prompting the sector to play a more active role towards sustainability. This paper builds on ICID's 2030 vision on a more sustainable irrigation sector. It recaps the various environmental impacts of irrigation systems and calls for a threefold paradigm shift: the objectives of irrigation, its practices, and the ways to assess its impacts must evolve. The paper critically analyses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs') framework, which provides a prompting set of orientations, yet with little consideration of the systemic nature of irrigation. The paper promotes more operational frameworks: nexus thinking and the ecosystem services' framework, since both allow for systemic approaches, and for developing trade‐offs. The paper also discusses the merits of life cycle analysis (LCA) for environmental impact assessment. The benefits gained through these alternative approaches are illustrated in two cases of environmental impacts: return flow and salinization. Finally, the paper suggests combining these approaches with three principles for fostering a true paradigm shift in agricultural water use: developing and using suitable metrics, combining models to reconnect economic concerns with environmental ones, and considering larger territories and ecosystems to cater for interactions with the environment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sparse‐graph manifold learning method for bioluminescence tomography
Authors: Guo Hongbo , Gao Ling , Yu Jingjing , He Xiaowei , Wang Hai , Zheng Jie , Yang Xudong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn preclinical researches, bioluminescence tomography (BLT) has widely been used for tumor imaging and monitoring, imaged‐guided tumor therapy, and so forth. For these biological applications, both tumor spatial location and morphology analysis are the leading problems needed to be taken into account. However, most existing BLT reconstruction methods were proposed for some specific applications with a focus on sparse representation or morphology recovery, respectively. How to design a versatile algorithm that can simultaneously deal with both aspects remains an impending problem. In this study, a Sparse‐Graph Manifold Learning (SGML) method was proposed to balance the source sparseness and morphology, by integrating non‐convex sparsity constraint and dynamic Laplacian graph model. Furthermore, based on the nonconvex optimization theory and some iterative approximation, we proposed a novel iteratively reweighted soft thresholding algorithm (IRSTA) to solve the SGML model. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments result demonstrated that the proposed SGML method performed much superior to the comparative methods in spatial localization and tumor morphology recovery for various source settings. It is believed that the SGML method can be applied to the related optical tomography and facilitate the development of optical molecular tomography.
Sustained‐immunostimulatory nanocellulose scaffold to enhance vaccine efficacy
Authors: Nishiguchi Akihiro , Taguchi Tetsushi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn implantable scaffold‐based vaccination system is a promising platform to generate robust immune responses by modulating the immune system. However, establishment of an effective vaccine using a biodegradable, cell‐infiltrative scaffold remain challenging. Here we demonstrate a biodegradable, nanocellulose‐based immune scaffold capable of sustainably activating immune cells to elicit cellular immunity. Cell‐infiltrative nanocellulose hydrogels were used as a delivery carrier and cellular scaffold microenvironment. Nanofibrous hydrogels allowed for high cell infiltration and delivery of antigen‐loaded nanocellulose while cells degraded the hydrogel matrix. Importantly, antigen‐loaded nanocellulose hydrogels exhibited sustained activation of macrophages in vitro compared to free antigen and collagen scaffold. Histological observation revealed infiltration of macrophages and dendritic cells into the nanocellulose scaffold subcutaneously implanted in mice. In vivo fluorescence imaging indicated that the implanted scaffold released antigens at a zero‐order release profile without burst diffusion. Antigen‐loaded nanocellulose hydrogels increased interferon‐γ‐producing cells compared to free antigen injection, suggesting the enhancement of cellular immunity. Thus, nanocellulose immune scaffold may serve as a sustained‐immunostimulatory vaccine platform by providing favorable microenvironments for immune cells thus enhancing vaccine efficacy.
Performance of group additivity methods for predicting the stability of uranyl complexes
Authors: Petrus Enric , Bo Carles 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, we investigated the viability of two group additivity methods for predicting Gibbs energies of a set of uranyl complexes. In first place, we proved that both density functional theory (DFT)‐based methods and Serezhkin's stereoatomic model provide equivalent answers in terms of stability. Moreover, we proposed a novel methodology based on Mayer's population analysis for estimating Serezhkin's empirical parameters theoretically. On the other hand, we showed that Cheong and Persson linear algebra methodology can be successfully applied to uranyl complexes, and analyzed its performance in connection with the chemical nature of the compounds employed in the model.
Time‐to‐Event Modeling for Remimazolam for the Indication of Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia
Authors: Lohmer Lauren L. , Schippers Frank , Petersen Karl Uwe , Stoehr Thomas , Schmith Virginia D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRemimazolam is an ultra‐short‐acting benzodiazepine being investigated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and for procedural sedation. This dose‐response analysis of 4 phase 2‐3 studies evaluated covariates that may impact the pharmacodynamic profile (based on theoretical pharmacokinetic principles) and require dose adjustments in subpopulations, particularly elderly, and if remimazolam has cumulative properties. Covariates affecting the time to loss of consciousness and time to extubation were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Factors affecting steady‐state infusion rate required to produce adequate sedation were evaluated using linear regression. Variability in time to loss of consciousness was explained by induction dose, age, body mass index, and time from initiation of opioids to initiation of remimazolam. The steady‐state infusion rate producing adequate sedation was higher in European than Japanese subjects due to differences in study design. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class 3 subjects had a 28% lower maintenance infusion rate than class 1 subjects. Other statistically significant covariates (American Society of Anesthesiologists class 2, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and sex) resulted in small (≤14%), non–clinically relevant differences. Factors affecting time to extubation included the last infusion rate (ie, tapering), the bispectral index score at the end of infusion, and sex. The time to extubation after remimazolam did not increase with increased cumulative dose of remimazolam or duration of surgery. This evaluation of remimazolam's pharmacodynamic profile, in the absence of pharmacokinetic data, informed dosing recommendations and showed that remimazolam does not have cumulative properties in the general anesthesia setting.
Socio‐technical thinking of students and practitioners in the context of humanitarian engineering
Authors: Mazzurco Andrea , Daniel Scott 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHumanitarian engineering (HE) is rapidly emerging in universities and professional workplaces worldwide. In HE, socio‐technical thinking is fundamental as HE projects exist at the intersection of engineering and sustainable community development. However, the literature still lacks an understanding of the key features of socio‐technical thinking.Purpose/HypothesisThe purpose of this article is to investigate the key characteristics that distinguish the socio‐technical thinking of an expert from a novice in the context of HE projects.Design/MethodWe distributed the Energy Conversion Playground (ECP) design task to students starting their engineering degree (n = 26) and practitioners (n = 16). We iteratively and inductively analyzed the responses to develop a rubric characterizing the key features of expert socio‐technical thinking. We then scored participants' responses and compared them to identify differences between students and practitioners.ResultsThe analysis showed that expert socio‐technical thinkers can provide high‐quality considerations across three domains: technology, people, and broader context. The comparison of the participants' scores showed that both students and practitioners scored highly in the technology domain. In contrast, students scored poorly in the people and broader contexts domains, identifying only simplistic considerations in these non‐technical areas, if at all.ConclusionsThis study provides novel insights into the development of socio‐technical thinking and further validates the ECP as a trustworthy measure of socio‐technical thinking. Implications for engineering educators and multiple lines of future research are also discussed.
Metallization and Ar‐O plasma effects on dental enamel roughness evaluated with SEM and MeX™ for 3D reconstruction
Authors: Hauss Monteiro Débora Drummond , Limborço Henrique , Porto Rodrigo Guimarães , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Rodrigues Wagner Nunes , de Magalhães Cláudia Silami 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe MeX™ software is a useful tool for tridimensional data collection for surface evaluation and could be relevant to evaluate the same specimen in different phases of the study, assuming repeated measures of dental enamel roughness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sample metallization for dental enamel roughness analysis with 3D images reconstructed using MeX™ software from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The influence of 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon−oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal on surface roughness of the metallized specimen was also evaluated. Dental enamel specimens were prepared for SEM analysis with and without carbon metallization using conventional or environmental modes. Argon−oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal was used and surface roughness was re‐evaluated. Roughness obtained by SEM and MeX™ reconstructed images, with or without metallization, did not differ. No significant alteration on surface roughness after carbon layer removal using plasma was found. SEM baseline evaluation using conventional mode without sample preparation and in environmental mode were not comparable. Roughness of enamel 3D images reconstructed with MeX™ software from SEM images, with or without metallization was similar. The 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon−oxygen plasma removed the carbon layer with no effect on enamel roughness.
Relationships of health information orientation and cancer history on preferences for consent and control over biospecimens in a biobank: A race‐stratified analysis
Authors: Hong Soo Jung , Drake Bettina , Goodman Melody , Kaphingst Kimberly A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated how patients’ self‐reported health information efficacy, relationship with health providers, and cancer history are associated with their preferences for informed consent and need for control over biobank biospecimens. We recruited 358 women aged 40 and older (56% African American; 44% European American) and analyzed the data using multivariable regression models. Results show that African American participants’ health information efficacy was significantly and negatively associated with their need for control over biospecimens and preference for a study‐specific model. European American participants’ dependency on doctors was a significant and negative predictor of their preference for a study‐specific model. Several significant interaction effects, which varied across races, were found with regard to health information efficacy, personal cancer history, need for control, and preference for a study‐specific model. The study findings suggest it is important to consider health information efficacy, relationship with providers, and need for control when developing large diverse biobanks.
Clinical outcomes of octogenarians according to preoperative disease severity and comorbidities after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Park Yejong , Hwang Dae Wook , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Jun Eunsung , Lee Woohyung , Kwon Jaewoo , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeClinical outcomes of octogenarians with acute cholecystitis treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy are unclear. This study aimed to compare their outcomes according to preoperative severity and comorbidities.MethodsMedical charts of 120 octogenarians who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between January 2008 and December 2017 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG 18), patients had mild (n = 35), moderate (n = 61), or severe (n = 24) disease. We investigated postoperative outcomes, comorbidities, and prognostic factors of ≥grade III complications.ResultsTotal antibiotic use duration (P = .024), operative times (P = .002), additional port insertion (P = .012), and postoperative hospital stay (P = .018) were significantly higher in the severe group. There were no statistically significant differences in total or grade III or higher complications (P = .304) or mortality (P = .476). On multivariate analysis, pulmonary disease predicted Clavien‐Dindo classification ≥grade III complications (odds ratio 37.075; 95% confidence interval 5.734‐239.695;P < .001).ConclusionsIn octogenarians, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and tolerable for severe acute cholecystitis classified according to the TG 18. Pulmonary comorbidities are an independent prognostic factor of ≥grade III complications.
Design of a tunable LNA and its variability analysis through surrogate modeling
Authors: Xhafa Xhesila , Yelten Mustafa Berke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a tunable low noise amplifier (LNA), which provides a bandwidth of 1 GHz, has been designed. The tunability of the LNA has been achieved by employing MOS varactors in accumulation mode. A shift in the LNA performance has been observed with the change in the total capacitance of the varactors through the control voltage. Starting from 2 to 3 GHz, the proposed tunable LNA provides a noise figure (NF) of less than 3 dB, a voltage gain of 12 dB and higher, while maintaining input and output power matching (S11 and S22) metrics at least below −12 dB. The total power consumption of the circuit is 23 mW. Moreover, two case studies that demonstrate the usage of surrogate modeling in RF circuit design have been described. Three‐ and six‐dimensional surrogate models have been built to illustrate the effect of bondwires on the variability of several LNA design metrics.
Incidence and determinants of anteflexion impairment after rotational acetabular osteotomy
Authors: Hamada Hidetoshi , Takao Masaki , Ando Wataru , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the incidence of anteflexion impairment after rotational acetabular osteotomy based on patient‐reported outcome measures, and the morphological factors and postoperative bony range of motion associated with anteflexion impairment at 2 years postoperatively. We analyzed 26 patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip who underwent rotational acetabular osteotomy at our institution. Using questionnaires, we defined anteflexion impairment as difficulty in clipping toenails and pulling up and removing socks. Morphological parameters and bony range of motion measured using a postoperative three‐dimensional surface model, were compared between the subjects with and without anteflexion impairment. The incidence of anteflexion impairment was 69% at 6 months, 35% at 1 year, and 12% at 2 years after rotational acetabular osteotomy. The mean bony flexion angle was smaller in subjects with impairment than in those without impairment. The mean internal rotation (IR) angle at 90° of flexion was smaller in subjects with impairment than in those without impairment. The incidence of impairment was significantly higher in subjects with both less than or equal to 105° of bony flexion and less than or equal to 20° of IR at 90° of flexion than in the remaining subjects. No significant difference was observed in postoperative femoral head coverage and preoperative morphological parameters including spinal condition between the two groups. To prevent femoroacetabular impingement after rotational acetabular osteotomy, surgeons need to reorient the acetabulum to restore postoperative bony flexion to more than or equal to 105° and/or postoperative IR range of motion to more than or equal to 20° at 90° of flexion.
A 3D printed smartphone adaptor for nasolaryngoscopy
Authors: Thompson Daniel , Albarki Hashm , Lodhia Chetan , Fitzpatrick Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this project is to create a three‐dimensional (3D) printed smartphone adaptor for flexible nasolaryngoscopy (FNL) to provide an affordable alternative to commercial options and a better fit than generic telescope phone adaptors.MethodWe designed an adaptor using computer aided software to connect an iPhone XS to an Olympus Rhino‐Laryngo Fibre Scope. We experimented with various 3D printing materials and iterative designs to create a case that allowed for quality recording of a nasolaryngoscope exam using the iPhone's built in ×2 telescopic zoom lens.ResultsOur 3D printed adaptor provides a cost‐effective alternative to commercially available FNL smartphone adaptors and is capable of capturing high‐quality images and videos of the nasopharynx and larynx. These images are useful for senior clinician review, decrease the need for repeat examination, can be utilized for education, avail telehealth review, and provides a way to digitally record examinations to electronic medical records for future comparison without the need for an endoscopy tower.ConclusionSmartphone adaptors for FNL have been established to be of clinical value. Despite being simple devices, they continue to be expensive. This potentially limits access to junior clinicians, who stand to gain most from the ability to review images of examinations with senior colleagues. Our 3D printed smartphone case provides a cost‐effective alternative, with a better fit than generic adaptors, at a print cost of $29 AUD. This is $131 AUD less than the next cheapest commercial alternative. The files are freely available for use and modification.Level of Evidence4
Photomineralization of organic carbon in a eutrophic, semiarid estuary
Authors: Wang Hongjie , Hu Xinping , Wetz Michael S. , Hayes Kenneth C. , Lu Kaijun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effect of photomineralization on the carbon cycle in a eutrophic, semiarid estuary (Baffin Bay, Texas) was investigated using closed‐system incubations. Photochemical production rate of dissolved inorganic carbon ranged from 0.16 to 0.68 μM hr−1, with a daily removal of 0.3∼1.5% of the standing stock of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The photomineralization rate was negatively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration, suggesting that plankton‐derived DOC was less photoreactive to solar radiation. The stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C∼ −18.6‰) of degraded DOC, as calculated using the DIC “Keeling” plot, further indicated high photochemical lability of 13C‐enriched DOC in this semiarid environment. Our finding showed that photomineralization of 13C‐enriched DOC is an important component of carbon cycle in this system, and this process does not necessarily remove 13C‐depleted organic carbon as observed in other coastal systems.
Spo0J and SMC are required for normal chromosome segregation in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chan Helena , Söderström Bill , Skoglund Ulf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBacterial chromosome segregation is an essential cellular process that is particularly elusive in spherical bacteria such as the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we examined the functional significance of a ParB homologue, Spo0J, in staphylococcal chromosome segregation and investigated the role of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) bacterial condensin in this process. We show that neither spo0J nor smc is essential in S. aureus; however, their absence causes abnormal chromosome segregation. We demonstrate that formation of complexes containing Spo0J and SMC is required for efficient S. aureus chromosome segregation and that SMC localization is dependent on Spo0J. Furthermore, we found that cell division and cell cycle progression are unaffected by the absence of spo0J or smc. Our results verify the role of Spo0J and SMC in ensuring accurate staphylococcal chromosome segregation and also imply functional redundancy or the involvement of additional mechanisms that might contribute to faithful chromosome inheritance.
Design of an antipodal Vivaldi antenna with fractal‐shaped dielectric slab for enhanced radiation characteristics
Authors: Bhattacharjee Anindita , Bhawal Abhirup , Karmakar Anirban , Saha Anuradha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA conventional antipodal Vivaldi antenna (CAVA) with fractal‐based parallel dielectric slabs is proposed for different wideband applications. At first, a CAVA is designed as a reference antenna, and then Koch fractal‐shaped dielectric slabs are placed parallel to CAVA. The presence of fractal‐shaped dielectric slabs increases the operating bandwidth, and also the field coupling between the antenna arms enhances the gain and directivity of the antenna. The optimized structure of the antenna produces |S11| < −10 dB frequency band from 4.2 GHz to 50 GHz. The total dimension of the fabricated prototype of the proposed antenna is 122 × 66 × 7.692 mm3.