bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La stratégie régionale de l’Iran : entre Realpolitik et révolution
Authors: Therme Clément 
Published: March 2020

L’Iran est engagé dans différents conflits régionaux. L’influence de Téhéran est de plus en plus contestée par des mouvements nationalistes, comme l’illustrent les manifestations anti-iraniennes en Irak. La population iranienne est elle aussi de plus en plus critique à l’égard de la stratégie régionale de ses dirigeants. Ces derniers sont d’ailleurs divisés : le président Rohani fait figure de pragmatique, tandis que le Guide suprême cherche avant tout à préserver l’héritage de la révolution islamique.
Les Émirats arabes unis à la conquête du monde ?
Authors: Soubrier Emma 
Published: March 2020

Les Émirats arabes unis (EAU) ont connu une expansion spectaculaire depuis leur indépendance en 1971. Depuis une dizaine d’années, ils s’affirment sur la scène internationale. Ils développent une stratégie portuaire ambitieuse et s’engagent de manière croissante dans des conflits armés. Leur politique étrangère est principalement guidée par la volonté d’assurer la survie des EAU dans un environnement volatil. Elle se traduit notamment par une opposition ouverte aux Frères musulmans.
Les pays du Golfe et Israël : une convergence d’intérêts ?
Authors: Marteu Élisabeth 
Published: March 2020

Après des décennies d’opposition, Israël et les pays du Golfe se sont rapprochés depuis les années 2000 puis après les Printemps arabes. Israéliens, Saoudiens et Émiriens partagent une obsession anti-Frères musulmans et contre le programme nucléaire et l’expansion régionale de Téhéran. Leur entente, de plus en plus visible, se développe sous le signe du relatif retrait régional des États-Unis, et d’un « plan de paix » conforme aux intérêts israéliens, et ignorant dangereusement la question palestinienne.
L’espace au XXI e siècle : à la recherche d’un nouvel équilibre
Authors: Penent Guilhem 
Published: March 2020

Le milieu spatial est en pleine transformation stratégique, alors que nos sociétés sont de plus en plus dépendantes des technologies de communication. L’accès à l’espace s’est démocratisé et privatisé, même s’il reste largement dominé par les États-Unis. L’espace est aussi beaucoup plus encombré, ce qui accroît le risque d’accidents. Les comportements hostiles s’y déploient, ce qui incite les États les plus avancés à développer des postures de « dissuasion spatiale ».
Bricolages langagiers
Authors: Bathaïe Azita , Parvaz Ahmad Bénédicte , Sidiqullah Rohullah 
Published: March 2020

L’interprète est confronté dans sa tâche à de nombreux termes intraduisibles : ceux qui relèvent des institutions, mais aussi ceux qui renvoient à la subjectivité ou à l’intimité des exilé·es. Et souvent, il n’y a pas d’autres solutions pour être compris·e que de recourir à des périphrases et de s’arranger avec la langue. Dans d’autres cas, l’interprète doit rendre compte des particularités régionales, qui auront toutes leur importance dans certains contextes d’exil.
L’engagement politique des immigrés après-guerre
Authors: Guedj Jérémy 
Published: March 2020

Le gouvernement français manifesta longtemps une hostilité marquée vis-à-vis de l’expression politique des populations étrangères. À la Libération, et alors qu’elles s’étaient massivement engagées dans la Résistance, la revendication du droit à la politisation se fait jour. Pourtant, les associations d’étrangers se voient rapidement interdites, le gouvernement considérant comme une menace « l’apparition d’une parole immigrée dans l’espace public » quand d’autres y voient un outil d’« assimilation ».
Levinas penseur libertaire ?
Authors: Balbontin-Gallo Cristóbal 
Published: March 2020

L’État constitue, pour Levinas, l’institution d’une limite à la responsabilité infinie. Mais il soutient aussi que le politique fondé sur la justice peut virer à la violence lorsque s’impose une logique autonome, où le pouvoir s’exerce en vue de lui-même, à travers un système abstrait et impersonnel, qui conduit à une logique totalitaire lorsqu’elle oublie l’expérience concrète d’autrui dont la société est issue. Il revient alors à l’anarchie éthique d’opérer un contrôle sur l’État, ce qui nous ramène à une impossibilité de retrancher la socialité, cette source vive qui inspire la politique et continue de l’inspirer, mais qui reste aussi à sa marge.
La mobilisation associative sur les maladies rares, entre science, politique et économie
Authors: Rabeharisoa Vololona 
Published: March 2020

En quoi consiste la mobilisation associative sur les maladies rares ? Cet article apporte un éclairage sur les raisons pour lesquelles les associations maladies rares se sont donné comme mission la lutte contre leurs maladies, et décrit leur engagement dans la production de connaissances sur leurs maladies et leurs conséquences comme faisant partie intégrante de cette mission. Au cœur de cette forme d’activisme, que nous avons appelée l’ evidence-based activism , se trouve une confrontation inédite entre connaissances expérientielles et connaissances savantes pour mobiliser la recherche autour de l’expérience et des préoccupations des patients et de leurs familles. L’article met également en évidence les effets de cette forme d’activisme sur l’identité et les trajectoires des malades et des professionnels. Enfin, l’article montre le travail effectué par les associations pour faire de la rareté une catégorie politique, en l’incarnant au travers d’une dynamique collective de structuration du milieu associatif sur les maladies rares, et en faisant de la notion de rareté un indicateur des problèmes auxquels sont confrontés les malades et leurs familles et un argument en faveur de politiques publiques sur ces maladies. En conclusion, l’article propose une réflexion sur la notion de rareté, comme descripteur des rapports complexes entre l’exceptionnel et le commun, le singulier et le général.
Quel prix pour les médicaments orphelins ?
Authors: Le Galès Catherine 
Published: March 2020

Cet article présente la définition du médicament orphelin adoptée par la législation européenne puis caractérise le marché et les prix des médicaments orphelins. Au regard des 6 000 maladies rares répertoriées, depuis 2000, le nombre de désignations orphelines ayant conduit à une autorisation de mise sur le marché, bien qu’il ait connu une croissance rapide ces dernières années, reste faible en Europe : 206 (correspondant à 173 produits différents). Le statut étant valable dix ans, le nombre de produits actuellement autorisés sur le marché européen dans une indication thérapeutique avec un statut orphelin est encore plus réduit : 124 – dont 28 depuis début 2018 –, soit 107 produits différents. En France, en 2017, leurs ventes se sont élevées à 1,3 milliard d’euros. Un tiers de ces ventes se fait par le dispositif d’autorisation temporaire d’utilisation qui permet aux personnes malades un accès précoce aux traitements les plus récents. Si ces ventes représentent moins de 4 % de la dépense totale de médicaments, les prix demandés par les industriels connaissent une envolée très alarmante puisque certains dépassent désormais le million et demi d’euros par malade sans que les raisons avancées pour justifier ces prix ne suffisent à convaincre.
Management of Duane Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Chua Brian , Johnson Kim , Donaldson Craig , Martin Frank 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Duane retraction syndrome is the most common cause of congenital aberrant ocular innervation. We report referral practices, clinical characteristics and complications, prevalence of congenital and familial anomalies, and management outcomes from a clinic-based series.

Methods:
Retrospective clinic-based study of 65 patients with Duane retraction syndrome seen between January 1994 and March 2004.

Results:

The majority of patients were girls with type I Duane retraction syndrome associated with esotropia in primary gaze. Twenty percent of cases were complicated by absent binocular stereoacuity and 16.9% had amblyopia. Family history of any ocular disorder was reported in 38.5% of cases, while an associated congenital abnormality was found in 46% of patients. There was a significant delay between the age when ocular abnormalities were first noticed and the age when patients presented at our tertiary referral center (
P
< .001). Twenty-two percent of patients underwent surgical correction at a mean age of 6 years. Most procedures were unilateral or bilateral medial or lateral rectus recessions. Postoperative ocular alignment ⩽ 15 prism diopters (PD) was achieved in 86% of cases, with 50% of cases having ⩽ 5 PD.

Conclusions:
Amblyopia and absent binocular stereo vision affected one in five patients with Duane retraction syndrome. There was significant delay between identification of an abnormality and presentation at the eye clinic.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:13–17.
Extraocular Muscle Cysticercosis: Clinical Presentations and Outcome of Treatment
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Saroha Vandana , Sharma Ashok , Pandav SurInder , Singh Usha 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:To report various clinical presentations and treatment outcomes in a series of patients with extraocular muscle cysticercosis.Methods:This retrospective study reviewed the charts of 43 patients diagnosed with extraocular muscle cysticercosis with computed tomography and orbital B-scan ultrasonography between January 1991 and December 2002. Clinical presentation, results of investigations, treatment, and outcome were recorded.Results:The superior rectus was the most commonly affected extraocular muscle. Restricted ocular motility was present in 88% of patients, and inflammatory signs were noted in the involved quadrant in 70% of patients. Eleven patients were treated with oral albendazole alone and 31 patients were treated with oral albendazole and prednisolone. Four extraocular muscle cysts were excised surgically, and five extruded spontaneously. Inflammatory signs subsided in all patients, and residual restriction of ocular motility was seen in 16 (50%) of 32 patients at a mean follow-up of 5 months. Type of treatment made no significant difference in the ocular motility outcome.Conclusions:Extraocular muscle cysticercosis should be considered in patients who present with restricted ocular motility and inflammatory signs. The direction of motility restriction does not indicate the muscle involved. Residual restriction of ocular motility is common despite the addition of corticosteroids to albendazole therapy.J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus2005;42:28–33.
Evaluating methods to detect and monitor North American larval parasitoids of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Gaudon Justin M. , Lyons D. Barry , Jones Gene C. , Allison Jeremy D. , Smith Sandy M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPopulations of native North American parasitoids attacking Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) species have recently been considered as part of an augmentative biological control programme in an attempt to manage emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, a destructive wood-boring beetle discovered in North America in 2002. We evaluate trapping methods to detect and monitor populations of two important native larval parasitoids, Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and Atanycolus Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species, attacking emerald ash borer in its introduced range. We found that purple prism traps captured more P. sulcata than green prism traps, yellow pan traps, and log samples and thus were considered better for detecting and monitoring P. sulcata populations. Trap type did not affect the number of captures of Atanycolus species. Surprisingly, baiting prism traps with a green leaf volatile or manuka oil did not significantly increase captures of P. sulcata or Atanycolus species. Based on these results, unbaited purple prism traps would be optimal for sampling these native emerald ash borer parasitoids in long-term management programmes.
Effects of the Use of Plant-Based Food Additives on Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Ndour Paul Mamadou , Fall Jean , Loum Abdoulaye , Jatta Saloum , Sagne Mariama , Ndong Diegane , Diouf Malick , Sheen Shyn Shin 
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of plant-based food additives on growth performance, body composition and survival of Nile tilapia. Four isonitrogenous (25% CP) and isolipidic (13% CL) experimental diets were prepared and designated as R1, R2, R3, and R4. R1 contains (3% Cymbopogon citratus), R2 contains (3% Ocimum basilicum), R3 contains (3% Mentha spicata) and R4 (control or 0% additive). 180 Nile tilapia fry with an initial average weight of 0.2g were distributed in 12 plastic tanks (50 L/tank) at the stocking density of 15 fish per tank in an isolated system. Fish were fed with experimental diets 3 times per day (8:00 am, 1:00 pm and 5 :00 pm) for 3 months. After 90 days of experiment, the results revealed that the final average weight ranged from 2.62g to 8.00g, the absolute average weight gain (AAWG) from 2.42 to 7.8g, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 1.31 to 2.67 and specific growth rate (SGR) from 3.06 to 4.36%/d. The survival rate (SR) varied between 64 and 100%. Of the parameters studied such as the absolute average weight gain (AAWG), the specific growth rate (SGR), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the survival rate, the best were obtained by the group of fish fed with the R2 diet containing 3% Ocimum basilicum. The results of the analysis of the flesh showed that the addition of 3% O. basilicum does not modify the contents of dry matter, crude protein, and ash but slightly increased the fat content. Based on the results, the inclusion of natural plant-based food additive (3% Ocimum basilicum) in the diet of Nile tilapia improved the parameters of growth, feed efficiency, and survival.
“I Hate to See Human Beings Kicked Around by Fate and by Law:” Edith Lowenstein’s Asylum Advocacy in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Schacher Yael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
While most American refugee advocates and organizations were focused on relief oversees and resettlement of vetted refugees in the two decades after World War II, attorney Edith Lowenstein, as the lawyer handling individual casework for the Common Council for American Unity, spent the 1950s and 1960s addressing the persecution claims of “aliens already here” in the United States. This essay discusses how Lowenstein used obscure and understudied provisions of existing American immigration law—the adjustment provisions of the Refugee Relief and Refugee Escapee Acts and the provision in the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act suspending deportation on persecution grounds—to push at the boundaries of the definition of refugee dictated by Cold War geopolitics and economic nationalism. Especially in handling cases involving seamen coming from behind the Iron and Bamboo curtains, Lowenstein used two major strategies: one that might be termed “Cold War immigrant rights” and another that was more radical and holistic. The latter challenged the constructed distinction between economic and political migrants and attempts to deport those with meritorious claims simply because they were in illegal status. Lowenstein had mixed success with the INS and in court, but her advocacy influenced the definition of asylum and practices of refugee admissions.
Contested Governance: UNESCO’s Role in International Sport, 1952–78
Authors: Jedlicka Scott R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
UNESCO has played an integral but often overlooked role in international sport. This article, drawing primarily on UNESCO archival material, examines the early history of the organization’s efforts to involve itself in international sport governance. Tracing UNESCO’s relationship with international sport organizations, especially the International Olympic Committee (IOC), this article specifically examines the creation, in 1978, of institutional elements that significantly expanded UNESCO’s capacity for sport governance. However, for political and ideological reasons, UNESCO did not directly challenge the IOC’s authority, illustrating the distinctive ways in which political power is constrained in international sport. More generally, this article expands the historical understanding of international sport governance by looking outside the Olympic movement, complicating the narrative of stable, independent, private governance in international sport, especially in the postwar era.
Defenders of National Honor: Club Atlético de Cuba Tigres in Prerevolutionary Cuban Gridiron Football
Authors: Wood Michael T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClub Atlético de Cuba (Atlético or CAC) operated as an amateur athletic club in Havana from 1909 to 1961. For most of its existence, Atlético fielded American football teams and competed on the gridiron against local and U.S. opponents. Drawing from print accounts of the games that appear in U.S. and Cuban newspapers and other publications, this article explores the connection between the CAC’s American football team and national identity, as well as how the club’s accomplishments resonated over time. In this light, Atlético’s success in international play promoted a form of Cuban national identity associated with Havana’s political and social elite and its achievements entered into the cultural memory of that group prior to the overthrow of the prerevolution order.
Opioid Use and Appropriateness of Supply After Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Tran Tim , Castello Jacinta , Taylor Simone E. , Hardidge Andrew , Cannizzaro Shakara , George Johnson , Elliott Rohan A. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Effective pain management after joint arthroplasty is essential for optimal participation in rehabilitation. However, this needs to be balanced with potential risks associated with opioid use and community exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate opioid use and appropriateness of supply on discharge after total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty at a major Australian health service.

Methods:
A prospective observational study was undertaken at an Australian 980-bed metropolitan health service. Patient interviews were conducted 3 weeks after hospital discharge to evaluate analgesic management and functional outcomes. The primary end point was the number of hospital-supplied opioid pills remaining 3 weeks postdischarge. Secondary end points included (1) factors associated with opioid use 3 weeks postdischarge, (2) opioid use in patients with poor functional outcomes, and (3) proportion of opioid naive patients who became chronic opioid users.

Results:
One hundred forty patients were included, and 137 were supplied opioids on discharge. At 3 weeks postdischarge, the median number of opioid pills remaining was 0 (interquartile range 0 to 8). There were 77 patients (56.2%) still taking opioids; surgery type, opioid use before admission, and the number of “as required” doses used 24 hours before discharge were independent predictors of opioid continuation. Patients with poor functional outcomes were supplied with more opioids on discharge, often not satisfied with the quantity supplied and more likely to be taking opioids 3 weeks postdischarge. There were 5 of 93 opioid naive patients (5.3%) who developed chronic opioid usage.

Discussion:
More than half of the patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty were still using opioids at 3 weeks postdischarge. Most patients were not supplied with excessive quantities at discharge. Future research should focus on identifying patients at risk of prolonged opioid use and improving the transition of these patients into the community.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—Prognostic study = prospective observational study.
Harassment, Discrimination, and Bullying in Orthopaedics: A Work Environment and Culture Survey
Authors: Balch Samora Julie , Van Heest Ann , Weber Kristy , Ross William , Huff Tamara , Carter Cordelia 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
The presence of discrimination, bullying, sexual harassment, and harassment (DBSH) in the healthcare workplace negatively affects the health and well-being of providers and is associated with poor mental health, low self-esteem, high levels of absenteeism, and low levels of productivity.

Methods:
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) developed and distributed a survey to a subset of AAOS members to assess the climate of workplace safety and overall workplace culture. Women and underrepresented minority (URM) AAOS members and an equal number of randomly selected non-URM men were invited to participate in the survey.

Results:
Nine hundred twenty-seven of 5,638 (16.4%) members responded to the survey. Sixty-six percent of respondents reported experiencing DBSH behavior with specific exposures to DBSH of 79%, 55%, 47%, and 40%, respectively. Women (81%) were more likely than men (35%) to have experienced these behaviors. Fifty-eight percent of respondents reported that their workplaces were equipped to deal effectively with DBSH behaviors.

Discussion:
DBSH behaviors occur in the orthopaedic workplace. More attention to these issues is necessary to ensure that all orthopaedic surgeons in training and in practice have a safe work environment that is inclusive, equitable, and health-promoting.

Level of Evidence:
N/A
Adrenal İnsidentaloma ve Otonom Kortizol Sekresyonu Vakalarının İzlemi: 14 Yıllık Tek Merkez Çalışması- Retrospektif Kohort
Authors: KIRNAP Nazlı Gülsoy , ÖZTEKİN Sanem , TÜTÜNCÜ Neslihan Başçıl 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Başka endikasyonlar ile yapılan görüntülemelerde tespit edilen adrenal insidentaloma (Aİ) vakalarının çoğu nonfonksiyone benign kitlelerdir. Otonom kortizol sekresyonu (OKS) genellikle Aİ’lerin değerlendirilmesi sırasında tanımlanmış bir klinik antitedir. OKS’de Otonom kortizol sekresyonunda artmış kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH) riski bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada amacımız; merkezimizde takip edilen Aİ ve özellikle OKS hastalarının uzun dönem klinik, radyolojik ve KVH risk parametrelerini değerlendirmektir.
Yöntemler: Toplam 279 Aİ vakasının klinik, radyolojik, hormonal ve labaratuvar takiplerini retrospektif değerlendirdik.
Bulgular: Aİ’lerin %76,7 ’si nonfonsiyone Aİ (NFAİ), %13,3’i OKS, %3,9’u Cushing sendromu, %1,8’i feokromositoma, %3,6 ’sı primer aldosteronizm, %0,7’si adrenokortikal karsinom (AKK) idi. Ortalama takip süresi 3,5±2,3 (1-14) yıl idi. Feokromositoma ve AKK vakaları diğer adrenal adenomlara göre anlamlı büyüktü (sırası ile 48±16,04, 71,5±16,23 ve ortalama 25,8±12,9 mm p
Soliter Pulmoner Nodüllerin Değerlendirilmesi: Malign Lezyonların Ayırıcı Tanısında F-18 FDG PET/BT’ Nin Tanısal Değeri
Authors: SEMİRGİN Sibel Uçak , BIÇAKÇI Nilüfer 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Soliter pulmoner nodüllerde tedavi yaklaşımının doğru şekilde belirlenmesi açısından malign - benign lezyon ayırıcı tanısının yapılması oldukça önemlidir. Flor-18 florodeoksiglukoz (F-18 FDG) PET/BT, morfolojik ve metabolik bilgiyi bir arada sunarak lezyon karakterizasyonuna önemli katkı sağlayan bir görüntüleme yöntemidir. Çalışmamızda, soliter pulmoner nodüllerde F-18 FDG PET/BT yönteminin malign lezyon ayırıcı tanısına katkısının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntemler: Bilgisayarlı tomografide maksimum aksiyel çapı 1-3 cm arasında soliter pulmoner nodül saptanan, nodül karakterizasyonu amacı ile F-18 FDG PET/BT tetkiki uygulanan 54 hastaya ait bulgular retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Tüm hastaların histopatolojik tanıları mevcuttu. Nodüllerin maksimum aksiyel çapları ve maksimum standardize tutulum değerleri (maksSTD) belirlenerek histopatolojik son tanılar ile karşılaştırıldı. MaksSTD için 2,5 eşik değer olarak kabul edildiğinde (benign