bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“If there is no water, we cannot feed our children”: The far‐reaching consequences of water insecurity on infant feeding practices and infant health across 16 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Schuster Roseanne C. , Butler Margaret S. , Wutich Amber , Miller Joshua D. , Young Sera L. ,   Household Water Insecurity Experiences‐Research Coordination Network (HWISE‐RCN)
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesInfant feeding plays a critical role in child health and development. Few studies to date have examined the link between household water insecurity and infant feeding, and none in a cross‐cultural context. Therefore, we examined the perceived impact of household water insecurity in four domains: breastfeeding, non‐breastmilk feeding, caregiver capabilities, and infant health. Our research was conducted as part of the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) study.MethodsWe interviewed respondents from 19 sites in 16 low‐ and middle‐income countries (N = 3303) about the link between water insecurity and infant feeding. We then thematically analyzed their open‐ended textual responses. In each of the four domains (breastfeeding, non‐breastmilk feeding, caregiver capabilities, infant health), we inductively identified cross‐cultural metathemes. We analyzed the distribution of themes across sites quantitatively and qualitatively.ResultsWater was perceived to directly affect breastfeeding and non‐breastmilk feeding via numerous pathways, including timing and frequency of feeding, unclean foods, and reduced dietary diversity. Water was perceived to indirectly affect infant feeding through caregiver capabilities by increasing time demands, exacerbating disease, undernutrition, and mortality, and requiring greater efficacy of caregivers. Respondents made connections between water challenges and infant health, for example, increased risk of infectious diseases, undernutrition, and mortality.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that water presents many, and sometimes unexpected, challenges to infant feeding. By systematically investigating biocultural pathways by which water impacts infant and young child feeding, it will be possible to understand if, and how, water security can be leveraged to improve child nutrition and health.
The role of biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review
Authors: Iqbal Isma Z. , Kao Stephen Shih‐Teng , Ooi Eng Hooi 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to medical and surgical treatment is challenging. It impacts patients’ quality of life significantly. The pathophysiology of CRS has some similarities to allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) and includes eosinophilia, T‐helper cell 2 cytokines, and local immunoglobilin E formation. Monoclonal antibody therapy has been used successfully in asthma and AR and more recently in CRS. Our was aim to systematically review the literature and identify the role of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in the treatment of CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) and without polyps (CRSsNP), especially with regard to comparability with current medical treatment, efficacy, and risk of complications. In addition, the role of surgery and biologics was evaluated.MethodsWe identified at total of 5341 relevant studies after a comprehensive database search. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, all 6 randomized, controlled trials.ResultsTreatment with omalizumab and mepolizumab demonstrated improvements in endoscopic nasal polyp score (EPS) and symptoms score in patients with CRSwNP when compared with placebo. Reslizumab reduced nasal polyp size in patients with raised intranasal interleukin‐5 levels. Dupilumab treatment resulted in a 70% reduction in EPS compared with 20% in the placebo group (p < 0.001). These MAbs target different inflammatory markers involved in the pathophysiology of CRSwNP. None of the studies reported on CRSsNP or combined surgery with biologics. No severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionEvidence demonstrates that use of MAbs leads to clinical improvement in CRSwNP. However, further research is required to determine their long‐term effects, comparability to other medical treatments, and potential side effects.
A Supramolecular‐Based Dual‐Wavelength Phototherapeutic Agent with Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity Against Drug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Yu Zhi‐Hao , Li Xingshu , Xu Fugui , Hu Xi‐Le , Yan Jiatao , Kwon Nahyun , Chen Guo‐Rong , Tang Tingting , Dong Xiaojing , Mai Yiyong , Chen Daijie , Yoon Juyoung , He Xiao‐Peng , Tian He 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing threat posed by the multi‐drug resistance of bacteria, the development of non‐antibiotic agents for the broad‐spectrum eradication of clinically prevalent superbugs remains a global challenge. Here, we demonstrate the simple supramolecular self‐assembly of structurally defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with a cationic porphyrin (Pp4N) to afford unique one‐dimensional wire‐like GNR superstructures coated with Pp4N nanoparticles. This Pp4N/GNR nanocomposite displays excellent dual‐modal properties with significant reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS) production (in photodynamic therapy) and temperature elevation (in photothermal therapy) upon light irradiation at 660 and 808 nm, respectively. This combined approach proved synergistic, providing an impressive antimicrobial effect that led to the complete annihilation of a wide spectrum of Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative, and drug‐resistant bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. The study also unveils the promise of GNRs as a new platform to develop dual‐modal antimicrobial agents that are able to overcome antibiotic resistance.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Rhytidenone A and Mode of Action of Cytotoxic Rhytidenone F
Authors: Yue Zongwei , Lam Hiu C. , Chen Kaiqi , Siridechakorn Ittipon , Liu Yaxi , Pudhom Khanitha , Lei Xiaoguang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe rhytidenone family comprises spirobisnaphthalene natural products isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Rhytidhysteron rufulum AS21B. The biomimetic synthesis of rhytidenone A was achieved by a Michael reaction/aldol/lactonization cascade in a single step from the proposed biosynthetic precursor rhytidenone F. Moreover, the mode of action of the highly cytotoxic rhytidenone F was investigated. The pulldown assay coupled with mass spectrometry analysis revealed the target protein PA28γ is covalently attached to rhytidenone F at the Cys92 residue. The interactions of rhytidenone F with PA28γ lead to the accumulation of p53, which is an essential tumor suppressor in humans. Consequently, the Fas‐dependent signaling pathway is activated to initiate cellular apoptosis. These studies have identified the first small‐molecule inhibitor targeting PA28γ, suggesting rhytidenone F may serve as a promising natural product lead for future anticancer drug development.
Observing Defect Passivation of the Grain Boundary with 2‐Aminoterephthalic Acid for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Zhongze , Cao Fengren , Wang Meng , Wang Min , Li Liang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with their exceptional properties, show promise as photoelectric converters. However, defects in the perovskite layer, particularly at the grain boundaries (GBs), seriously restrict the performance and stability of PSCs. Now, a simple post‐treatment procedure involves applying 2‐aminoterephthalic acid to the perovskite to produce efficient and stable PSCs. By optimizing the post‐treatment conditions, we created a device that achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.09 % and demonstrated improved stability. This improvement was attributed to the fact that the 2‐aminoterephthalic acid acted as a cross‐linking agent that inhibited the migration of ions and passivated the trap states at GBs. These findings provide a potential strategy for designing efficient and stable PSCs regarding the aspects of defect passivation and crystal growth.
Target Self‐Enhanced Selectivity in Metal‐Specific DNAzymes
Authors: Huang Po‐Jung Jimmy , de Rochambeau Donatien , Sleiman Hanadi F. , Liu Juewen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHighly selective recognition of metal ions by rational ligand design is challenging, and simple metal binding by biological ligands is often obscured by nonspecific interactions. In this work, binding‐triggered catalysis is used and metal selectivity is greatly increased by increasing the number of metal ions involved, as exemplified in a series of in vitro selected RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes. The cleavage junction is modified with a glycyl–histidine‐functionalized tertiary amine moiety to provide multiple potential metal coordination sites. DNAzymes that bind 1, 2, and 3 Zn2+ ions, increased their selectivity for Zn2+ over Co2+ ions from approximately 20‐, 1000‐, to 5000‐fold, respectively. This study offers important insights into metal recognition by combining rational ligand design and combinatorial selection, and it provides a set of new DNAzymes with excellent selectivity for Zn2+ ions.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoxazolines Enabled by Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboetherification of Alkenyl Oximes
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Kenan , Wang Yuzhuo , Li Wenbo , Chen Mingjie , Zhang Junliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReported here is a highly efficient Pd/Xiang‐Phos catalyzed enantioselective carboetherification of alkenyl oximes with either aryl or alkenyl halides, delivering various chiral 3,5‐disubstituted and 3,5,5‐trisubstituted isoxazolines in good yields with up to 97 %ee. The sterically bulky and electron‐rich (S,Rs)‐NMe‐X2ligand is responsible for the excellent reactivities and enantioselectivities. The salient features of this transformation include mild reaction conditions, general substrate scope, good functional‐group tolerance, good yields, high enantioselectivities, easy scale‐up, and application in the late‐stage modification of bioactive compounds. The obtained products can be readily transformed into useful chiral 1,3‐aminoalcohols.
EGF‐like and Other Disulfide‐rich Microdomains as Therapeutic Scaffolds
Authors: Tombling Benjamin J. , Wang Conan K. , Craik David J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDisulfide bonds typically introduce conformational constraints into peptides and proteins, conferring improved biopharmaceutical properties and greater therapeutic potential. In our opinion, disulfide‐rich microdomains from proteins are potentially a rich and under‐explored source of drug leads. A survey of the UniProt protein database shows that these domains are widely distributed throughout the plant and animal kingdoms, with the EGF‐like domain being the most abundant of these domains. EGF‐like domains exhibit large diversity in their disulfide bond topologies and calcium binding modes, which we classify in detail here. We found that many EGF‐like domains are associated with disease phenotypes, and the interactions they mediate are potential therapeutic targets. Indeed, EGF‐based therapeutic leads have been identified, and we further propose that these domains can be optimized to expand their therapeutic potential using chemical design strategies. This Review highlights the potential of disulfide‐rich microdomains as future peptide therapeutics.
Advances in Optical Single‐Molecule Detection: En Route to Supersensitive Bioaffinity Assays
Authors: Farka Zdeněk , Mickert Matthias J. , Pastucha Matěj , Mikušová Zuzana , Skládal Petr , Gorris Hans H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability to detect low concentrations of analytes and in particular low‐abundance biomarkers is of fundamental importance, e.g., for early‐stage disease diagnosis. The prospect of reaching the ultimate limit of detection has driven the development of single‐molecule bioaffinity assays. While many review articles have highlighted the potentials of single‐molecule technologies for analytical and diagnostic applications, these technologies are not as widespread in real‐world applications as one should expect. This Review provides a theoretical background on single‐molecule—or better digital—assays to critically assess their potential compared to traditional analog assays. Selected examples from the literature include bioaffinity assays for the detection of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. The structure of the Review highlights the versatility of optical single‐molecule labeling techniques, including enzymatic amplification, molecular labels, and innovative nanomaterials.
Helical Nanographenes Containing an Azulene Unit: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties
Authors: Ma Ji , Fu Yubin , Dmitrieva Evgenia , Liu Fupin , Komber Hartmut , Hennersdorf Felix , Popov Alexey A. , Weigand Jan J. , Liu Junzhi , Feng Xinliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree unprecedented helical nanographenes (1, 2, and 3) containing an azulene unit are synthesized. The resultant helical structures are unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The embedded azulene unit in 2 possesses a record‐high twisting degree (16.1°) as a result of the contiguous steric repulsion at the helical inner rim. Structural analysis in combination with theoretical calculations reveals that these helical nanographenes manifest a global aromatic structure, while the inner azulene unit exhibits weak antiaromatic character. Furthermore, UV/Vis‐spectral measurements reveal that superhelicenes 2 and 3 possess narrow energy gaps (2: 1.88 eV; 3: 2.03 eV), as corroborated by cyclic voltammetry and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The stable oxidized and reduced states of 2 and 3 are characterized by in‐situ EPR/Vis–NIR spectroelectrochemistry. Our study provides a novel synthetic strategy for helical nanographenes containing azulene units as well as their associated structures and physical properties.
Thermosets resins prepared from soybean oil and lignin derivatives with high biocontent, superior thermal properties, and biodegradability
Authors: Chen Junying , Liu Hua , Zhang Wen , Lv Lina , Liu Zuozhen 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA bio‐based monomer, methacrylated vanillyl alcohol (MVA), had been synthesized from vanillyl alcohol with methacrylate anhydride (MAA) via a solvent‐free, efficient method. The synthesis of MVA was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). It was used to copolymerize with acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) to prepare a bio‐based resin (MVA–AESO). Excess MAA of MVA synthesis was further used to modify AESO with hydroxyl groups, generating (MVA–MAESO) with higher unsaturation degree. Their chemical structure and modification were characterized using13C NMR and Fourier transform infrared analyses. Pure AESO and MVA resins were used to compare with MVA–AESO and MVA–MAESO in terms of their viscosity, curing performance, mechanical, and thermal properties. The synthesized MVA–AESO and MVA–MAESO resins showed much lower viscosities than pure AESO due to the dilution of MVA. In addition, the incorporation of MVA reduced curing temperatures, activation energies which caused MVA–AESO and MVA–MAESO had higher curing degree than pure AESO. With the combination of MVA and modification of MAA, flexible AESO networks exhibited superior flexural properties, storage modulus, glass‐transition temperature, and thermal stability. Furthermore, the biodegradation of the formulated bio‐based resins were also investigated. Results showed that the addition of monomer and the increase in the content of CC bonds did not significantly affect the biodegradability of AESO, which may be due to the fact that the degradable groups of AESO were not affected. This environmentally friendly, low (volatile organic) resin, prepared by a high efficiency and environmental protection synthetic route, can potentially replace typical petroleum‐based thermosets for the production environmentally friendly thermosetting resins. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48827.
Disparities in Documented Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Demographic, Individual, and Service Factors
Authors: Wiggins Lisa D. , Durkin Maureen , Esler Amy , Lee Li‐Ching , Zahorodny Walter , Rice Catherine , Yeargin‐Allsopp Marshalyn , Dowling Nicole F. , Hall‐Lande Jennifer , Morrier Michael J. , Christensen Deborah , Shenouda Josephine , Baio Jon 
Published: December 2019

The objectives of our study were to (a) report how many children met an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) surveillance definition but had no clinical diagnosis of ASD in health or education records and (b) evaluate differences in demographic, individual, and service factors between children with and without a documented ASD diagnosis. ASD surveillance was conducted in selected areas of Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. Children were defined as having ASD if sufficient social and behavioral deficits and/or an ASD diagnosis were noted in health and/or education records. Among 4,498 children, 1,135 (25%) had ASD indicators without having an ASD diagnosis. Of those 1,135 children without a documented ASD diagnosis, 628 (55%) were not known to receive ASD services in public school. Factors associated with not having a clinical diagnosis of ASD were non‐White race, no intellectual disability, older age at first developmental concern, older age at first developmental evaluation, special education eligibility other than ASD, and need for fewer supports. These results highlight the importance of reducing disparities in the diagnosis of children with ASD characteristics so that appropriate interventions can be promoted across communities. Autism Res 2020, 13: 464–473. © 2019 International Society for AutismResearch,Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryChildren who did not have a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) documented in health or education records were more likely to be non‐White and have fewer developmental problems than children with a clinical diagnosis of ASD. They were brought to the attention of healthcare providers at older ages and needed fewer supports than children with a clinical diagnosis of ASD. All children with ASD symptoms who meet diagnostic criteria should be given a clinical diagnosis so they can receive treatment specific to their needs.
Three‐dimensional ring‐oven washing technique for a paper‐based immunodevice
Authors: Chu Weiru , Chen Ying , Liu Wei , Zhang Liu , Guo Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWashing is a standard step for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) performed on a paper‐based chip, in which nonspecific‐binding antibodies and antigens should be removed completely from the paper surface. In this study, a novel three‐dimensional (3D) washing strategy using a heating ring‐oven was carried out on a paper‐based chip. Compared with a plane washing mode by a ring‐oven, this 3D washing strategy obtained a lower background, as gravity played an important role in the washing step. The paper‐based chip was placed on a 3D plastic holder and the waste area was connected to a heating ring. Use of a heating waste area meant that the nonspecific‐binding protein was continuously carried to the waste area through gravity and capillary action. The angle between the plastic holder and the ring plane was carefully selected. The effect of washing on different parts of the detection area was investigated by upconversion fluorescence and chemiluminescence (CL). This novel 3D washing strategy was performed for carcinoembryonic antigen detection through CL and a lower detection limit of 2 pg ml−1 was obtained. This approach provides an effective washing strategy to remove nonspecific‐binding antibody from a paper‐based immunodevice.
Simulation of continuous low pH viral inactivation inside a coiled flow inverter
Authors: David Laura , Bayer Maximilian P. , Lobedann Martin , Schembecker Gerhard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContinuous production of monoclonal antibodies is gaining more and more importance. To ensure continuous flow through the entire process as well as viral safety, continuous viral clearance needs to be investigated as well. This study focuses on low pH viral inactivation inside a coiled flow inverter (CFI). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is used to gain further insight into the inactivation process inside the apparatus. The influence of viruses in comparison to different tracer elements on the residence time distribution (RTD) behavior is investigated. Finally, the viral inactivation kinetics are implemented into the CFD simulation and real process conditions are simulated. These are compared to experimental results. To the authors' knowledge, this study represents the first successful simulation of continuous viral inactivation inside a CFI. It allows the detailed analysis of processes inside the apparatus and the prediction of experimental virus study results and will therefore contribute to the effective planning of future validation studies.
Epistatic effect of TLR3 and cGAS‐STING‐IKKε‐TBK1‐IFN signaling variants on colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Catalano Calogerina , da Silva Filho Miguel Inacio , Frank Christoph , Lu Shun , Jiraskova Katerina , Vymetalkova Veronika , Levy Miroslav , Liska Vaclav , Vycital Ondrej , Naccarati Alessio , Vodickova Ludmila , Hemminki Kari , Vodicka Pavel , Weber Alexander N. R. , Försti Asta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe TLR3/cGAS‐STING‐IFN signaling has recently been reported to be disturbed in colorectal cancer due to deregulated expression of the genes involved. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of potential regulatory variants in these genes on the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Czech cohort of 1424 CRC patients and 1114 healthy controls.MethodsThe variants in the TLR3, CGAS, TMEM173, IKBKE, and TBK1 genes were selected using various online bioinformatic tools, such as UCSC browser, HaploReg, Regulome DB, Gtex Portal, SIFT, PolyPhen2, and miRNA prediction tools.ResultsLogistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex detected a nominal association between CRC risk and three variants, CGAS rs72960018 (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11‐2.53, P‐value = .01), CGAS rs9352000 (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.07‐3.84, P‐value = .03) and TMEM173 rs13153461 (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03‐2.27, P‐value = .03). Their cumulative effect revealed a threefold increased CRC risk in carriers of 5‐6 risk alleles compared to those with 0‐2 risk alleles. Epistatic interactions between these genes and the previously genotyped IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNA, IFNB, IFNK, IFNW, IRF3, and IRF7 genes, were computed to test their effect on CRC risk. Overall, we obtained nine pair‐wise interactions within and between the CGAS, TMEM173, IKBKE, and TBK1 genes. Two of them remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Additional 52 interactions were observed when IFN variants were added to the analysis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that epistatic interactions and a high number of risk alleles may play an important role in CRC carcinogenesis, offering novel biological understanding for the CRC management.