bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0205 Remote Collection of Daily Life Information for Japanese Residents
Authors: Hirai N , Kubo M , Sakurai Y , Komatsuzaki K , Tazawa R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Japanese medical students spend their school days under a dense curriculum. It is often difficult to maintain their healthy lifestyle. After graduation, most of them participate in clinical training programs as residents. It is also difficult to maintain a normal life because they are engaged in different specialized departments every few months. Such an environment is considered prone to mental health problems. In fact, one in four residents are reported to be newly depressed two months after the start of clinical training (Maeno T, et al. 2008). These mental health issues are thought to be affected by changes in daily life, but it is difficult to know such changes. In order to investigate changes in their daily lives, we developed a data collection system related to mental health via the Internet.

Methods
The subjects were 22 medical students who graduated from our university in March 2017. They were asked to wear activity tracker wrist bands from December 2016. They were also asked to answer the questionnaire on a web site every week as much as possible, and the responses were collected via the Internet together with the activity data. The first eight months of the observation period, including four months before the start of clinical training and four month after the start of clinical training, are divided into four quarters every two months, and the averaged sleep time and responses to the questionnaire in each period were investigated.

Results
The average number of days that the sleep was effectively recorded during each two months was 28–48. The average number of responses to the questionnaire during each two months was 6.0–7.2.

Conclusion
Residents in the initial clinical training period should be very busy, but the system we have developed seems to have worked well with them for the first four months after the start of clinical training. Whether this system would work as well a longer period is a further problem.

Support
This study is supported by KAKENHI 16K01753.
0209 The Effect of a Nap on Emotional Reactivity in Individuals with a Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kurdziel L B , Maier E , Limone N , Azzarto E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Mild Traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) affect ~1–3 million people per year in the US alone. Mild TBIs can have lasting (&gt;1 year) impacts on emotional reactivity and regulation. Sleep has also been shown to be significantly altered in individuals with a mTBI, even when tested over a year since the injury. Sleep quality is strongly linked with emotional stability and emotional memory. Therefore, one possible mediating factor between emotional reactivity and mTBIs is sleep. Reduced sleep quality following a mTBI may impair the emotional regulation that typically occurs across sleep. Thus, increasing total sleep time through a nap may help to alleviate some of the emotional symptoms. This study assessed whether individuals with a chronic mTBI showed differences in brain activity associated with emotional regulatory circuits, performance on an emotional reactivity task, and sleep physiology across a nap compared to controls.

Methods
Participants were 53 young adults (mTBI nap group: n=9; control nap group: n=16; mTBI wake group: n=11; control wake group: n=17). Following a nap, or an equivalent bout of wake (both recorded with polysomnography), participants completed an emotional Go/No-Go task in which they were asked to respond when a particular emotional valence was presented (neutral, fearful, or happy), and withhold a response when a different valence was presented.

Results
There was a significant main effect of emotion on reaction time (F(2, 98)=26.55, p &lt; 0.001). Participants were slowest to respond to the neutral images. There was also a significant three way interaction between emotion, group, and condition (F(2,98)=4.085, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
While these results are preliminary, they support that both napping and mTBIs may impact emotional reactivity. Further, napping may help alleviate some of the chronic emotional dysregulation associated with mTBIs.

Support
Zampell Family Faculty Fellow
0210 Evaluating the Sensitivity of Sleep Measures for Monitoring Pilot Fatigue in Operational Settings
Authors: van den Berg M J , Wu L J , Gander P H , Santos-Fernandez E , Signal L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Previously, combined data analyses of four pilot fatigue monitoring studies including 237 pilots flying long-haul and ultra-long range (ULR) flights found no association between pilots’ actigraphic sleep in flight and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance at top-of-descent (TOD; beginning of the landing phase of flight). The present study aimed to determine whether measures of in-flight sleep recorded with polysomnography (PSG) are more sensitive predictors of pilots’ PVT performance near TOD than actigraphic measures.

Methods
Data were re-analysed from 41 Singapore Airlines A340-500 pilots (median age 47, range 29–58 years) monitored on a ULR trip between Singapore and Los Angeles (average flight duration outbound = 15.6 hrs; inbound = 17.2 hrs). In-flight sleep was recorded simultaneously with PSG (scored in 30-second epochs) and actigraphy (recorded in 30-second epochs and scored in conjunction with sleep diary information). PSG- and actigraphy-determined time awake were calculated as the duration between the end of the last epoch scored as sleep (PSG) or software-scored sleep interval (actigraphy) and the start time of the 10-minute PVT completed near TOD.

Results
Linear mixed modelling indicated that after controlling for flight sector and intra- and inter-individual variability, neither PSG-derived total in-flight sleep (F (1, 44.4) = 0.006, p= 0.941) and time awake (F (1, 34.3) = 0.431, p= 0.516), nor actigraphic total in-flight sleep (F (1, 51.1) = 0.161, p= 0.69) and time awake (F (1, 34.9) = 0.23, p= 0.634) were associated with PVT response speed at TOD.

Conclusion
In this context, actigraphy produced identical findings to polysomnography and remains a valid alternative for monitoring in-flight sleep of groups of pilots during ULR flights. Further research is needed to determine whether PVT performance is a discriminatory measure of fatigue-related impairment in pilots.

Support
This analysis was supported by the Massey University College of Health Research Fund. The Singapore Airlines study was funded by the Singapore Civil Aviation Authority. We thank Dr Jarnail Singh for permission to use these data.
0246 Improve Sleep in College Students Through Lifestyle Change Assignment
Authors: Carter P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Emerging adults experience a ‘new found freedom’ in college. Many are making decisions about their sleep-wake cycles leading to ineffective patterns. Poor sleep in college students is influenced by non-modifiable (class time, course assignments) and behavior based (sleep schedule, screen time, exercise and diet) factors. Change is difficult! However, GPA is a great student motivator. This project developed and tested the acceptability of a guided lifestyle change assignment for sleep.

Methods
Undergraduate students at a Southern USA R-1 University who were enrolled in a signature course (Sleep: Are We Getting Enough?) were eligible. Context: Twice weekly lectures presented scientific findings related to sleep science and applied findings to human experiences. Intervention: students completed a guided lifestyle change assignment for sleep. Students indentified a specific sleep related behavior to change (change goal) over a 1 month period (November), submitted an initial lifestyle change plan, three progress reports, and a final reflection.

Results
800 students participated over 6 years (Fall semesters 2014–2019). Students were primarily female (56%) and nine majors were represented. Goals were grouped into 4 lifestyle foci (Exercise, Screen time, Sleep Schedule, Diet). Progress reports identified barriers and facilitators and plans to address these. Final reflections evaluated overall performance and major takeaways. Qualitative perceptions and quantitative outcomes will be presented in detail. Additionally, discussions of unanticipated outcomes and guidance for incorporating this assignment into existing courses will be presented.

Conclusion
College students can make positive changes to improve their sleep. Guidance to identify and address facilitators and barriers to change is important to create and sustain change. Motivations to change are different for emerging adults vs. older populations. It may be that the most effective way to improve sleep quality in college students is to ‘attach a grade’ to the activity.

Support
0250 The Day-to-Day Associations Between Sleep Characteristics, Affect, and Affect Reactivity
Authors: Wong P M , Hasler B P , Kamarck T , Wright A , Hall M , Carskadon M A , Manuck S B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the high co-occurrence of sleep and mood disturbances, day-to-day associations between sleep characteristics (sleep duration, continuity, timing) and dimensions of mood (positive affect, PA, and negative affect, NA) remain unclear. Few field studies have tested whether sleep changes may affect mood by altering people’s emotional response to daily experiences outside the laboratory. The current study aimed to examine how sleep characteristics influence affective states and a measure of emotional response to daily experiences—affect reactivity.

Methods
Participants were healthy, midlife adults (30–54 yrs old, N =462, 47% male) drawn from the Adult Health and Behavior Project- Phase 2 study. Sleep was measured with actigraphy across a 4-day monitoring period; hourly self-report measures of affect, work demand, and social interactions were collected via ecological momentary assessment. Affect reactivity was quantified as hour-to-hour changes in affect following these daily experiences. We used hierarchical linear modeling to examine whether sleep characteristics on a given night predicted average daily affect and moderated affect reactivity the following day.

Results
When participants slept later than their average sleep time on a given night, they reported greater NA the following morning (before 12pm) and afternoon (12-6pm; B’s =.03, p’s&lt;.05). When participants slept longer than their average sleep duration, they subsequently reported greater NA throughout the following day (B’s =.02, p’s&lt;.05). Sleep efficiency was unrelated to affect report (p’s &gt;.05). While episodes of greater work demand and social conflict predicted lower PA and higher NA (p’s&lt;.05), participants’ sleep characteristics did not moderate these associations (p’s&gt;.05).

Conclusion
Overall, our findings suggest proximal associations between sleep characteristics and next-day mood. While previous studies have shown effects of sleep disruptions on affect reactivity, we did not observe such associations in the context of small, day-to-day fluctuations in sleep characteristics among healthy individuals.

Support
National Institutes of Health Grant PO1 HL040962 (to S.B.M.).
0262 An Exploratory Examination of the Relationship Between Negative Affect, Stress and Emotional Reactivity, Mindfulness, and Sleep Incompatible Behaviors
Authors: Nagy S , Pickett S M , Sosa J , Garcell A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Stress has been identified as a barrier to engaging in positive health behaviors. Sleep interventions, including sleep hygiene recommendations, highlight stress management as an important treatment component. However, the relationship between negative emotion, stress management or emotion regulation, and positive sleep behaviors has largely been unexamined. Therefore, the current study, through secondary analyses, examined the relationships between negative affect, stress and emotional reactivity and sleep incompatible behaviors. Lastly, the indirect effect that dispositional mindfulness, as a possible self-regulatory mechanism, may have on the relationship was also examined. It was hypothesized that greater levels of stress, emotional reactivity, and negative arousal along with lower levels of dispositional mindfulness would predict higher engagement in sleep incompatible behaviors.

Methods
Participants (n=308) identified mostly as female (55.8%) and White/Caucasian (83.2%) and with an average age of 36.76 (SD = 12.20). Participants completed the Perceived Stress and Reactivity Scale (PSRS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Sleep Behaviors Self-Rating Scale, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). A multiple regression analysis was conducted using the relevant subscales from the PSRS, PANAS, and FFMQ to predict the occurrence of behaviors incompatible with healthy sleep.

Results
The hypothesis was partially supported. Results indicated that the model significantly predicted sleep incompatible behavior (R2= .108, F(9, 299) = 4.042, p &lt; .001), with only negative affect (β= .163, t(299) = 2.555, p = .011) and nonreactivity (β= -.219, t(299) = -2.484, p = .014) remaining significant when all variables were entered in the model.

Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that negative affect and reactivity are significant predictors of engagement in poor sleep hygiene practices. They also suggest that certain facets of dispositional mindfulness has an indirect relationship with sleep incompatible behaviors. The results may contribute to the development of sleep health interventions and highlight the need for future research.

Support
N/A
0275 Exposure to Experimentally Induced Sleep Disturbance Affects the Inflammatory Resolution Pathways in Healthy Humans
Authors: Engert L C , Dubourdeau M , Mullington J M , Haack M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep disturbances are assumed to impair health through induction of low-grade systemic inflammation. Experimental studies have shown that such inflammatory upregulation does not normalize even after a couple of nights of recovery sleep. We hypothesized that sleep disturbances do not only affect inflammatory pathways, but also the recently detected inflammatory resolution pathways, which actively terminate inflammation. Mediators of inflammatory resolution mainly derive from omega-3 fatty acids converted to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins. We investigated SPMs in healthy humans exposed to a novel model of experimental insomnia.

Methods
Twenty-four individuals (age 18–42 years, 12 women) participated in a study consisting of two 19-day in-hospital protocols (insomnia/control). After three nights of baseline sleep (8h/night, 23:00-07:00), participants in the experimental insomnia condition were exposed to three cycles of three nights of disturbed sleep (delayed sleep-onset, hourly sleep disruption, advanced sleep-offset) followed by one night of 8h-recovery sleep. The protocol ended with three additional nights of recovery sleep. In the control condition, participants had an uninterrupted sleep opportunity (8h/night) across the 19-day protocol. Blood samples were taken at 11:00 at baseline, during experimental insomnia exposure, and after recovery sleep. Several SPMs were measured in plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Data were analyzed using linear mixed models.

Results
Exposure to experimental insomnia affected several SPMs compared to control sleep, including a decrease of resolvin D4 and E2 concentrations, which was still evident after the third recovery night (p&lt;.05).

Conclusion
This is the first investigation on the effects of experimentally induced sleep disturbance on inflammatory resolution pathways. The results support that SPMs, particularly resolvin D4 and E2, are decreased by sleep disturbances, and do not normalize after a couple of nights of recovery sleep. Targeting these pathways by pharmacologically increasing SPMs may help to limit inflammatory consequences of sleep disturbances.

Support
NIH/NINDS R01-NS091177; NIH/National Center for Research Resources UL1-RR02758 and M01-RR01032 to the Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center.
0277 Sleep Restriction does not Alter the Transcription of Adipose Tissue Insulin-Signaling Regulators
Authors: Singh P , Covassin N , Bukartyk J , Davison D , Svatikova A , St Louis E K , Somers V K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Voluntary sleep curtailment decreases insulin sensitivity. However, molecular mechanisms underlying impaired insulin signaling are not completely understood. To gain molecular insights, we examined the transcription of known cellular insulin-signaling regulators in adipose tissue obtained from subjects undergoing experimental sleep restriction.

Methods
Nineteen healthy subjects (males: 11; age: 19 - 36 years; BMI: 24.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2) underwent a normal (9 hours/night) and a restricted sleep (4 hours/night) sequence in a random order. Each inpatient stay included a screen visit followed by 4 days of acclimation and 9 days of experimental phase consisting of a controlled sleep opportunity. Eucaloric diet was provided to ensure weight maintenance. Abdominal fat sample was obtained at the screen and end of the experimental phase. mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR. Fasting morning blood draws were obtained at the end of acclimation and experimental phases. Mixed models were used for analysis.

Results
mRNA expression did not differ in normal and restricted sleep condition for SOCS3 [changes in normal Vs. restricted sleep, 0.02 (0.11, -0.01) Vs. 0.01 (0.12, -0.07), p=0.33], PTEN [-0.22 (0.18, -0.39) Vs. -0.10 (0.21, -0.20), p=0.22], PTB1B [-0.003 (0.04, -0.07) Vs. -0.01 (0.06, -0.06), p=0.74] and Cav-1 [-2.45 (0.78, -8.39) Vs. -6.31 (1.68, -8.29), p=0.34]. Further, transcription of insulin-receptor also did not change [0.01 (0.07, -0.06) Vs. -0.03 (0.09, -0.07), p=0.92]. However, within group analysis show significant decreases in Cav-1 mRNA only during sleep restriction (normal: p=0.09; restricted: p=0.003). Importantly, restricting sleep duration was associated with lowering of insulin (0.6 ± 1.9 Vs. -1.6 ± 1.7 uIU/ml; p=0.003), no change in glucose (-1.5 ± 3.8 Vs. -3.7 ± 4.12 mg/dl, p=0.06) and improvement in HOMA-IR index (0.12 ± 0.44 Vs -0.42 ± 0.43, p=0.002).

Conclusion
Chronic sleep restriction does not alter the transcription of cell-signaling regulators in abdominal adipose tissue. Moreover, restricting sleep duration without increasing calorie intake did not seem to decrease insulin sensitivity as determined by HOMA-IR.

Support
NIH grants HL114676, Mayo Clinic CCaTS UL1 TR002377; AHA grant 13POST16420009 to NC
0280 Change in Sleep Depth Across the Night as a Measure of Sleep Adequacy
Authors: Schweitzer P K , Griffin K , Younes M , Walsh J K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
It is well known that sleep becomes lighter towards the end of the night reflecting the reduction in homeostatic sleep pressure. We hypothesized that more adequate nocturnal sleep (i.e. sufficient quantity and quality for the individual) would result in a greater reduction in sleep depth across the night and would be reflected in decreased next-day sleep tendency.

Methods
In a secondary analysis of data from a study in which sleep depth was altered by sleep restriction combined with either placebo or gaboxadol (a delta-promoting drug) we correlated change across the night in two measures of sleep depth with next-day Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) latencies. Forty-one healthy subjects underwent 8 consecutive sleep studies; two baseline, four sleep restriction (5 hours) and two recovery nights. MSLT was performed following each baseline night and the last two restriction nights. Sleep depth in the first and last hours of NREM sleep was determined by two

methods
1) Log delta spectral power; 2) The odds-ratio-product (ORP), a recently introduced continuous measure of sleep depth. The difference between initial and final values was calculated (ΔDelta, ΔORP). Post-restriction MSLT latency was correlated with baseline MSLT latency, ΔDelta, ΔORP, log delta power and ORP in the last hour, lost total sleep time and lost REM time.

Results
ΔDelta was -0.27 ±0.13 and ΔORP was 0.17 ±0.13, both changes reflecting lightening of sleep across the night. In both univariate and multivariate analysis only baseline MSLT latency (p &lt 0.001) and ΔORP (p &lt 0.01) were significantly and positively correlated with post-restriction MSLT latency.

Conclusion
The reduction in sleep depth across the night as measured by ORP, but not by delta power, is significantly correlated with reduced objective sleepiness following sleep restriction. ΔORP may be a useful index that reflects sleep adequacy during the night.

Support
None
0285 Preventative Voluntary Exercise Ameliorate Synaptic-Pruning Defects on Sleep-Deprived Adolescent
Authors: Tuan L , Tsao C , Lee L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Since adolescent is a critical period for brain development, adequate sleep during this period is essential to cognitive performance as well as the psychological health in later life. Emerging evidence on sleep-deprived animal models has detailed the impacts of sleep loss on the developing brain. For instance, our previous study demonstrated that 72 h sleep deprivation (SD) disrupted microglia-mediated synaptic refinement in the dentate gyrus (DG). Physical exercise is proved to counteract the harmful consequences of various stress or neurodegenerative models by modulating microglial function. Therefore, we hypothesized that physical exercise might be a preventive intervention to rescue the failure of synaptic pruning and microglial function after SD in adolescent mice.

Methods
C57/BL6 male mice 3 weeks were assigned to the home cage (HC), home cage with voluntary exercise (HC+VE), sleep deprivation (SD), or sleep deprivation with voluntary exercise (SD+VE) group. In the groups with VE, a running wheel was placed in the cage 11 days before the SD paradigm. Following 72 h SD, animals were subjected to a short-term memory test or sacrificed directly for further examination.

Results
Our results showed that impaired memory performance was reversed in sleep-deprived mice after VE. Also, the SD+VE group exhibited less dendritic spine density compared to the SD group, implying VE rescue the synaptic pruning defect after SD. Greater microglia phagocytic ability, characterized by increased internalized postsynaptic materials and lysosomal structure within individual microglia, were observed in the SD+VE compared to the SD group. We also investigated the mRNA expression of microglia-specific receptors critical to developmental synaptic refinement and found an upregulation of CX3CR1 expression in both HC+VE and SD+VE compared to sedentary groups.

Conclusion
Here we provided evidence featuring that developmental VE significantly alleviated the SD-induced memory defects. Moreover, the SD-induced synaptic pruning impairment and microglial maladaptation were also prevented by the VE regimen, suggesting that physical exercise is a possible therapeutic interventions to the cognitive performance as well as the developmental trajectories to the adolescent brain under the influence of sleep insufficiency.

Support
Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (Grant number: 104-2314-B-002-129-MY4).