bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of the thermosyphon heat pipe charged with R134a
Authors: Zakaria S Y , Ibrahim A G , Rashad A M , El-shamarka S E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work presents an experimental and numerical study of Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon (TPCT) heat pipe filled with R134a as a base fluid. For this purpose, a test rig was designed and developed toper form a series of tests on the TPCT heat pipe by applying different heat inputs at the evaporator section. The surface temperature along the TCPT heat pipe and temperature changes of the cooling water across the condenser section were measured. The influence of the TCPT heat pipe operating conditions on its thermal performance was reviewed. The considered parameters were; heat pipe transport capacity, conductance, both heat transfer coefficients of the evaporator and condenser sections and the thermal efficiency. Then, a CFD model was developed to investigate the two-phase flow and heat transfer mechanism during the transient and steady-state operation of the TPCT heat pipe. The results of the experimental work were used to validate the CFD model and acceptable agreements were noticed. The validated CFD model is utilized to predict features of the mass and heat transfer processes, as well as the nucleate pool boiling and the liquid film condensation phenomena during TPCT heat pipe operation.
Design of gain scheduled fuzzy PID controller for multi-link robot manipulators
Authors: Emarah Maya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gain Scheduling (GS) controller is one of the most popular approaches to nonlinear control design. Commonly, Gain Scheduling (GS) controllers have better performance than robust ones. In this paper, the structure of a proposed gain scheduled PID fuzzy controller (GS-PIDF) designed and analyzed. The Fuzzy PID controller gains weighted through gain scheduling designed system to grantee both the stability and the best performance of a multi links robot manipulator system. The overall designed controller system is applied to two links robot manipulator system, which is subject to modelling using Lagrangian dynamics method and simulation vie MatLab and Simulink package to minimize the vibration and acquire best performance.
Design of bio-inspired muscle sarcomere structure using a hybrid hydrogel-IPMC actuator
Authors: Hamdi H M , Abdelwahhab SA , Awad MI , Tolbah FA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Biological muscle is considered a powerful actuator due to its flexibility, lightweight, and efficiency. The building unit of a muscle, sarcomere, and the study of its energy balance cycle is considered in researches due to its importance to mimic the micro-level muscle structure to improve the artificial muscle performance. In this work, a new design of a linear actuator based on the sarcomere behavior is developed. The design is inspired by studying the four steps adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis cycle, which is the main source of the required energy for sarcomere contraction. A new developed hybrid hydrogel-polymeric material actuator is designed in this paper using a combination between Ionic Polymeric Metallic Composites (IPMC) and hydrogel to behave like the sarcomere. This new actuator proposes an autonomous cycle using the effect oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. The physical model is proposed, and the mathematical model of the actuator is derived and formulated and identified using MATLAB/Simulink.
Computational fluid dynamic model for machining using minimum quantity coolant
Authors: Abdelfattah W , Hegab H , Mohany A , Kishawy H A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The cooling applications during machining has significant effects on the production costs, surface quality, and the mechanical properties of the final product. In conventional flood cooling, a large amount of continuous cooling fluid is usually used, and that increases the cost of the product as well as the harmful effects on the environment and the machining operator. This study focuses on simulating alternative cooling system, called minimum quantity coolant (MQC), which used an optimal flow rate compared to classical flood cooling. The cooling fluid is directly provided to the cutting edge through the insert holder. In the current work, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model has been developed to study the effects of the cooling fluid velocity on the accessibility of coolant to the chip-tool interface area under using various types of cooling fluids. Three types of coolant are used (i.e. water, mineral oil, and nano-fluid). The results of the proposed CFD model have been classified into two phases. The first phase obtains the coolant accessibility percentage into the chip-tool interface (MA%) with different coolant velocities (i.e., 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 m/s) for the three studied coolants. The second phase discusses the heat transfer effectiveness for the employed coolants with different inlet velocities since it is an important aspect, especially when machining hard-to-cut materials. It was found that increasing the coolant velocity would increase the coolant accessibility percentage into the chip-tool interface area. However, no significant effect has been found after 1.5 m/s for all employed coolants.
Optimizing ladle-refining performance during treating special steel melts for aviation technology
Authors: Elghazaly S A , Gyula K K , Elghazaly W S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The ever increasing demands of consumers towards superior quality steel products urged steelmakers to consider the implementation of various relatively new metallurgical technologies into the classical operations. The necessity to produce high quality steels led to the use of two stage steel production processes, one is the primary steelmaking and the other stage is the outside furnace treatment through which many metallurgical functions can be achieved like degassing, stirring and inclusion removal, Inclusion modification, desulphurization, deoxidation, decarburization, heating and alloying. In this research a trial was done to optimize the performance and usage of 30tons-ladle refining system during production of X65-pipeline steel as final product-Aluminium killed steel melts through controlling the mass flow contour using optimized modelling, optimum usage of Al2O3 and Sulphide modifiers and enhancing removal of non-metallic inclusions by altering their morphologies and hence floatation speed. Assessment of fine clusters of inclusions in the final steel product has been industrially correlated to the cleanness of melt before refining, to the slag composition and to the parameters of materials flow rates as well as their effects on the mechanical properties of final X65-steel product. Scanning-EM+DX analyzing unit and metallurgical microscopes were used to emphasis qualitatively and quantitatively the characters of non-metallic inclusions.
A novel modified cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) for remediation of chromium (VI) ions from wastewater
Authors: Kara Hizkeal Tsade , Anshebo Sisay Tadesse , Sabir Fedlu Kedir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Wastewater (WW) remediation technologies were the most crucial issues all over the world at present time. Thus, the remediation of Cr (VI) ions from real WW was conducted using green biocompatible and biodegradable pristine (CNM) and succinic anhydride functionalized cellulose nanomaterial (S-CNM) adsorbents. Both CNM and S-CNM adsorbents were prepared by using sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and characterized for particle sizes, functional groups, and surface morphologies by using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM instruments, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the collected WW were investigated. Next, both the prepared adsorbents were applied for the remediation of Cr (VI) ions from WW. The remediation processes is spontaneous and have higher remediation efficiencies of Cr (VI) ions from WW. The Cr (VI) ions remediation mechanism was evaluated from both the Cr (VI) ions adsorption isotherms and kinetic concepts. Both Langmuir and Freundlich Cr (VI) ions adsorption isotherm models were certainly fixed to a maximum Cr (VI) ions uptake capability (qmax) of 60.24 and 156.25 mg g−1 by CNM and S-CNM sorbents, respectively, and it follows pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics model through chemisorption processes. The Cr (VI) ions uptake capabilities were hindered by the presence of organic matter and any other competing pollutants in the WW. The S-CNM sorbent was selected for the regeneration study due to its higher efficiencies of remediation relative to CNM sorbent and the study was conducted through desorption of Cr (VI) ions by using HCl. Findings have shown that the sorbent was easily recyclable and applicable for the remediation of pollutants from real WW after consecutive 13th cycles.
Research on microstructure and properties of Ti-15Mo-3Al alloy with high oxygen content
Authors: Xu Zaidong , Wang Yanjing , Xu Rongzheng , Hu Qiuye , Shi Dongyu , Lu Xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the near-equilibrium microstructure and properties of Ti-15Mo-3Al-1O alloy treated by solid solution at different temperatures were systematically studied. The microstructure of the alloy was observed and analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the microstructure composed of equiaxial β grains without any precipitate was detected after solution treatment at 1,100 °C/4 h and 1,200 °C/2 h. In addition, the lattice parameters of β phase increased gradually with the increasing of solution temperature. Hardness and room temperature compression test were performed using Vickers hardness tester and universal testing machine. The results showed that the alloy subjected to solution treatment exhibited a high level of hardness value, with the minimum value of 367HV; the alloy subjected to solution treatment at 800 °C/2 h exhibited high compressive yield strength, with the maximum value of nearly 1,650 MPa; the alloy subjected to solution treatment at 1,100 °C/2 h and 1,200 °C/2 h exhibited excellent compressive ductility (The specimens were not crushed, the strain δ > 50%) with high compressive yield strength (YS > 1,100Mpa).
Phase field simulation of grain growth in Al2O3-based composite ceramic cutting tool materials containing second phase nanoparticles and pores
Authors: Zhou Youxin , Peng Bin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A phase field model was established to simulate the grain growth of Al2O3-based composite ceramic tool materials containing second phase nanoparticles and pores. The free energy parameters of the model are directly related to the surface and grain boundary energies of Al2O3 such that the grain growth process can be quantitatively analysed. The model was used to investigate the effects of the volume fraction and size of second phase particles on grain growth in Al2O3 with a certain initial pore volume fraction. Findings show that pores and second phase particles jointly hinder grain growth. When the radii of second phase nanoparticles are the same, as the number of particles increase, most of the grain boundaries occur as straight lines in the microstructure, and grain size decreases. It is beneficial to obtain fine and uniform microstructure. However, when the particles content reaches a certain level, the second phase particles tend to agglomerate at the grain boundary of matrix grains, which will result in a decrease in the properties of nanocomposite ceramic tool materials. The study also found that, at a constant volume fraction of particles, with the decrease of particle radius, the grain size decreases. When the second phase particle size is reduced to 50 nm, relatively more intragranular microstructure was observed, which is considered to be the main reason for increasing the toughness of nano composite ceramic tool materials. Through analyzing the simulation results, the optimal combination of the content and size of the second phase particles can provide theoretical guidance for Al2O3 nano composite ceramic tool materials design and preparation.
Influence of graphene oxide filler content on the dentin bond integrity, degree of conversion and bond strength of experimental adhesive. A SEM, micro-Raman, FTIR and microtensile study
Authors: Bin-Shuwaish Mohammed S , Maawadh Ahmed M , Al-Hamdan Rana S , Alresayes Saad , Ali Thamer , Almutairi Basil , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of graphene oxide (GO) nano-filler content in experimental dental adhesive on its degree of conversion (DC), microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and structural reliability, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Micro-Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A resin adhesive was fabricated (control adhesive - CA) and fabricated GO nano-particles were added at 0.5% and 2.0% (m/m) to produce adhesives GOA1 and GOA2 respectively. One hundred and two teeth (specimens) were prepared for dentin exposure and conditioned with 36% phosphoric acid. Specimens in each group (n = 34) were treated with formulated adhesives (CA, GOA1 & GOA2) and photo-polymerized for 20 s followed by composite build up. Sixty specimens were used forμTBS testing in the adhesive groups (CA, GOA1 & GOA2), with half exposed to thermocycling (TC) whereas the remaining half (n = 10) stored in distilled water. Seven specimens each were assessed using SEM and Micro-Raman spectroscopy, in each adhesive group (n = 7). DC for the adhesives was assessed using FTIR. The means ofμTBS and DC were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons test. GO nano-filler content showed significant influence on the adhesiveμTBS in comparison to controls (p < 0.01). Ageing (TC) revealed significant reduction in theμTBS, except in GOA2 specimens, which showed comparable outcomes among TC and non-TC specimens (p > 0.05). DC was significantly higher in control adhesive [46.8 (3.6)%] compared to GOA2 [37.7 (4.2)%] specimens, however DC was comparable among GOA1 [42.3 (2.9)%] and GOA2 [37.7 (4.2)%] specimens (p > 0.05) respectively. GO exhibited interaction within adhesive and tooth dentin comparable to control adhesive. Increasing GO content showed increase inμTBS of adhesive to dentin, but a decrease in degree of conversion. Under ideal conditions, experimental adhesive with 2% GO content showed acceptable bond strength and DC; and should be further assessed under dynamic conditions to recommend clinical use.
Pyfastx: a robust Python package for fast random access to sequences from plain and gzipped FASTA/Q files
Authors: Du Lianming , Liu Qin , Fan Zhenxin , Tang Jie , Zhang Xiuyue , Price Megan , Yue Bisong , Zhao Kelei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
FASTA and FASTQ are the most widely used biological data formats that have become the de facto standard to exchange sequence data between bioinformatics tools. With the avalanche of next-generation sequencing data, the amount of sequence data being deposited and accessed in FASTA/Q formats is increasing dramatically. However, the existing tools have very low efficiency at random retrieval of subsequences due to the requirement of loading the entire index into memory. In addition, most existing tools have no capability to build index for large FASTA/Q files because of the limited memory. Furthermore, the tools do not provide support to randomly accessing sequences from FASTA/Q files compressed by gzip, which is extensively adopted by most public databases to compress data for saving storage. In this study, we developed pyfastx as a versatile Python package with commonly used command-line tools to overcome the above limitations. Compared to other tools, pyfastx yielded the highest performance in terms of building index and random access to sequences, particularly when dealing with large FASTA/Q files with hundreds of millions of sequences. A key advantage of pyfastx over other tools is that it offers an efficient way to randomly extract subsequences directly from gzip compressed FASTA/Q files without needing to uncompress beforehand. Pyfastx can easily be installed from PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/pyfastx) and the source code is freely available at https://github.com/lmdu/pyfastx.
Autoregressive modeling and diagnostics for qPCR amplification
Authors: Hsu Benjamin , Sherina Valeriia , McCall Matthew N 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivationCurrent methods used to analyze real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data exhibit systematic deviations from the assumed model over the progression of the reaction. Slight variations in the amount of the initial target molecule or in early amplifications are likely responsible for these deviations. Commonly used 4- and 5-parameter sigmoidal models appear to be particularly susceptible to this issue, often displaying patterns of autocorrelation in the residuals. The presence of this phenomenon, even for technical replicates, suggests that these parametric models may be misspecified. Specifically, they do not account for the sequential dependent nature of the amplification process that underlies qPCR fluorescence measurements.ResultsWe demonstrate that a Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model addresses this limitation by explicitly modeling the dependence between cycles and the gradual transition between amplification regimes. In summary, application of a STAR model to qPCR amplification data improves model fit and reduces autocorrelation in the residuals.Availability and implementationR scripts to reproduce all the analyses and results described in this manuscript can be found at: https://github.com/bhsu4/GAPDH.SO.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fast detection of differential chromatin domains with SCIDDO
Authors: Ebert Peter , Schulz Marcel H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The generation of genome-wide maps of histone modifications using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing is a standard approach to dissect the complexity of the epigenome. Interpretation and differential analysis of histone datasets remains challenging due to regulatory meaningful co-occurrences of histone marks and their difference in genomic spread. To ease interpretation, chromatin state segmentation maps are a commonly employed abstraction combining individual histone marks. We developed the tool SCIDDO as a fast, flexible and statistically sound method for the differential analysis of chromatin state segmentation maps.

Results
We demonstrate the utility of SCIDDO in a comparative analysis that identifies differential chromatin domains (DCD) in various regulatory contexts and with only moderate computational resources. We show that the identified DCDs correlate well with observed changes in gene expression and can recover a substantial number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We showcase SCIDDO’s ability to directly interrogate chromatin dynamics, such as enhancer switches in downstream analysis, which simplifies exploring specific questions about regulatory changes in chromatin. By comparing SCIDDO to competing methods, we provide evidence that SCIDDO’s performance in identifying DEGs via differential chromatin marking is more stable across a range of cell-type comparisons and parameter cut-offs.

Availability and implementation
The SCIDDO source code is openly available under github.com/ptrebert/sciddo.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Negative impact of high doses of follicle-stimulating hormone during superovulation on the ovulatory follicle function in small ovarian reserve dairy heifers
Authors: Karl Kaitlin R , Jimenez-Krassel Fermin , Gibbings Emily , Ireland Janet L H , Clark Zaramasina L , Tempelman Robert J , Latham Keith E , Ireland James J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When women with small ovarian reserves are subjected to assisted reproductive technologies, high doses of gonadotropins are linked to high oocyte and embryo wastage and low live birth rates. We hypothesized that excessive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) doses during superovulation are detrimental to ovulatory follicle function in individuals with a small ovarian reserve. To test this hypothesis, heifers with small ovarian reserves were injected twice daily for 4 days, beginning on Day 1 of the estrous cycle with 35, 70, 140, or 210 IU doses of Folltropin-V (FSH). Each heifer (n = 8) was superovulated using a Williams Latin Square Design. During each superovulation regimen, three prostaglandin F2α injections were given at 12-h interval, starting at the seventh FSH injection to regress the newly formed corpus luteum (CL). Human chorionic gonadotropin was injected 12 h after the last (8th) FSH injection to induce ovulation. Daily ultrasonography and blood sampling were used to determine the number and size of follicles and corpora lutea, uterine thickness, and circulating concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The highest doses of FSH did not increase AMH, progesterone, number of ovulatory-size follicles, uterine thickness, or number of CL. However, estradiol production and ovulation rate were lower for heifers given high FSH doses compared to lower doses, indicating detrimental effects on ovulatory follicle function.