bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physically based alternative to the PE criterion for meteoroids
Authors: Moreno-Ibáñez Manuel , Gritsevich Maria , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M , Silber Elizabeth A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Meteoroids impacting the Earth atmosphere are commonly classified using the PE criterion. This criterion was introduced to support the identification of the fireball type by empirically linking its orbital origin and composition characteristics. Additionally, it is used as an indicator of the meteoroid tensile strength and its ability to penetrate the atmosphere. However, the level of classification accuracy of the PE criterion depends on the ability to constrain the value of the input data, retrieved from the fireball observation, required to derive the PE value. To overcome these uncertainties and achieve a greater classification detail, we propose a new formulation using scaling laws and dimensionless variables that groups all the input variables into two parameters that are directly obtained from the fireball observations. These two parameters, α and β, represent the drag and the mass-loss rates along the luminous part of the trajectory, respectively, and are linked to the shape, strength, ablation efficiency, mineralogical nature of the projectile, and duration of the fireball. Thus, the new formulation relies on a physical basis. This work shows the mathematical equivalence between the PE criterion and the logarithm of 2αβ under the same PE criterion assumptions. We demonstrate that log(2αβ) offers a more general formulation that does not require any preliminary constraint on the meteor flight scenario and discuss the suitability of the new formulation for expanding the classification beyond fully disintegrating fireballs to larger impactors including meteorite-dropping fireballs. The reliability of the new formulation is validated using the Prairie Network meteor observations.
Kozai mechanism inside mean motion resonances in the three-dimensional phase space
Authors: Qi Yi , de Ruiter Anton 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we investigate the Kozai mechanism inside the inclined mean motion resonance (MMR) through a three-dimensional (3D) phase space. The Hamiltonian approximation for both prograde and retrograde MMRs is established by a semi-analytical method. We pick Jupiter as the disturber and study the Kozai mechanism in the Sun–Jupiter circular restricted three-body problem. Kozai islands of the prograde and retrograde MMRs are found in the 3D phase space. Numerical integration demonstrates that the locus of the orbit on the Kozai island is bounded by the Kozai island in the 3D phase space, so the orbit is locked in the Kozai+MMR state. The study of the Kozai dynamics inside a retrograde 1:1 MMR indicates that Kozai islands in the 3D phase space are just a sufficient condition for the Kozai+MMR mechanism rather than a necessary condition. There is no Kozai island in the 3D space for the retrograde 1:1 MMR, but the resonant coupling of Kozai with the retrograde 1:1 MMR appears in the phase space. Finally, dynamical behaviours of the two test particles located on Kozai islands are demonstrated in the ephemeris model.
X-ray signatures of black hole feedback: hot galactic atmospheres in IllustrisTNG and X-ray observations
Authors: Truong Nhut , Pillepich Annalisa , Werner Norbert , Nelson Dylan , Lakhchaura Kiran , Weinberger Rainer , Springel Volker , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Hot gaseous atmospheres that permeate galaxies and extend far beyond their stellar distribution, where they are commonly referred to as the circumgalactic medium, imprint important information about feedback processes powered by the stellar populations of galaxies and their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In this work, we study the properties of this hot X-ray emitting medium using the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations. We analyse their mock X-ray spectra, obtained from the diffuse and metal-enriched gas in TNG100 and TNG50, and compare the results with X-ray observations of nearby early-type galaxies. The simulations reproduce the observed X-ray luminosities (LX) and temperature (TX) at small (&lt;Re) and intermediate (&lt;5Re) radii reasonably well. We find that the X-ray properties of lower mass galaxies depend on their star formation rates. In particular, in the magnitude range where the star-forming and quenched populations overlap, $M_{\rm K}\sim -24\ (M_*\sim 10^{10.7}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot)$, we find that the X-ray luminosities of star-forming galaxies are on average about an order of magnitude higher than those of their quenched counterparts. We show that this diversity in LX is a direct manifestation of the quenching mechanism in the simulations, where the galaxies are quenched due to gas expulsion driven by SMBH kinetic feedback. The observed dichotomy in LX is thus an important observable prediction for the SMBH feedback-based quenching mechanisms implemented in state-of-the-art cosmological simulations. While the current X-ray observations of star-forming galaxies are broadly consistent with the predictions of the simulations, the observed samples are small and more decisive tests are expected from the sensitive all-sky X-ray survey with eROSITA.
Constraints on the density distribution of type Ia supernovae ejecta inferred from late-time light-curve flattening
Authors: Kushnir Doron , Waxman Eli 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The finite time, τdep, over which positrons from β+ decays of 56Co deposit energy in type Ia supernovae ejecta lead, in case the positrons are trapped, to a slower decay of the bolometric luminosity compared to an exponential decline. Significant light-curve flattening is obtained when the ejecta density drops below the value for which τdep equals the 56Co lifetime. We provide a simple method to accurately describe this ‘delayed deposition’ effect, which is straightforward to use for analysis of observed light curves. We find that the ejecta heating is dominated by delayed deposition typically from 600 to 1200 d, and only later by longer lived isotopes 57Co and 55Fe decay (assuming solar abundance). For the relatively narrow 56Ni velocity distributions of commonly studied explosion models, the modification of the light curve depends mainly on the 56Ni mass-weighted average density, 〈ρ〉t3. Accurate late-time bolometric light curves, which may be obtained with JWST far-infrared (far-IR) measurements, will thus enable to discriminate between explosion models by determining 〈ρ〉t3 (and the 57Co and 55Fe abundances). The flattening of light curves inferred from recent observations, which is uncertain due to the lack of far-IR data, is readily explained by delayed deposition in models with $\langle \rho \rangle t^{3} \approx 0.2\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }\, (10^{4}\, \textrm{km}\, \textrm{s}^{-1})^{-3}$, and does not imply supersolar 57Co and 55Fe abundances.
Dimensional Characterization of the Human Cervical Interlaminar Space as a Guide for Safe Application of Minimally Invasive Dilators
Authors: Tumialán Luis M , Lehrman Jennifer N , Mulholland Celene B , de Andrada Pereira Bernardo , Newcomb Anna G U S , Kelly Brian P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The risk of interlaminar passage of a dilator into the cervical spinal canal in minimally invasive approaches is currently unknown. Among the various anthropometric data reported in the literature, there is no report of the interlaminar dimensions in the cervical spine.

OBJECTIVE
To report the cervical interlaminar dimensions in neutral, flexion, and extension.

METHODS
A total of 8 spines were sectioned into cervical (C2-T1) segments. Digitized coordinate data defining the locations and movements of chosen anatomic points on the laminar edges at a given spinal level were used to compute the dimensions during a static neutral posture, flexion, and extension positions to mimic the positions during surgery. Interlaminar dimensions were averaged and categorized for each vertebral level and spinal posture.

RESULTS
Based on the reported measurements, the smallest diameter dilator in commonly used dilator sets has the potential to traverse the interlaminar space at all levels in flexion. In a neutral posture, the average interlaminar distance at C2-3, C6-7, and C7-T1 was still greater than 2.0 mm, the smallest diameter of the initial dilator. The largest interlaminar distance was at C6-7 in flexion (7.68 ± 1.60 mm).

CONCLUSION
Because dilators pass directly onto the cervical lamina without visualization of the midline structures, the interlaminar distances have increased relevance in the minimally invasive cervical approaches of foraminotomy and laminectomy. The data in this report demonstrate the theoretical risk of interlaminar passage with small diameter dilators in posterior minimally invasive approaches to the cervical spine.
Size matters: diatom establishment and extirpation timing in the Laurentian Great Lakes has been influenced by cell size
Authors: Bramburger Andrew J , Reavie Euan D , Sgro Gerald V , Estepp Lisa R , Shaw Chraïbi Victoria L , Pillsbury Robert W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes are among the planet’s fastest-warming lakes. Recent paleolimnological studies have shown changes in the diatom community of the system, including shifts towards taxa characteristic of strongly stratified systems and ongoing cell-size diminution. Relationships between species’ cell size and establishment in—or extirpation from—the system have not been addressed. Examining patterns of establishment and extirpation provides insight into the effects of multiple stressors at the ecosystem scale. We evaluate the timing of the establishment or extirpation of diatom taxa from fossil records post-European settlement within the Great Lakes as a function of cell size. Relationships between establishment or extirpation date and cell size were not random, and were best expressed as cubic curves. Generally, large taxa became established early in the record, while establishments of smaller taxa continued apace until the late 20th century. Extirpations of taxa of all sizes accelerated in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and large-celled taxa were disproportionately extirpated over the last two decades. We discuss the implications of these relationships on the overall cell-size characteristics of the community, and consider the influences of propagule pressure, nutrient status, species invasions, and climate change upon diatom establishment and extirpation.
Use of Surface Electromyography to Measure Muscle Fatigue in Patients in an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Skrzat Julie M , Carp Stephen J , Dai Ting , Lauer Richard , Hiremath Shivayogi V , Gaeckle Nathaniel , Tucker Carole A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Functional outcomes with early rehabilitation in the acute care setting have improved; however, an improved understanding of muscle fatigue using surface electromyography (sEMG) is warranted to better guide patient-centered exercise prescription.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to assess the safety and feasibility of collecting sEMG at the acute care bedside and to determine differences in muscle fatigue during isometric and dynamic submaximal contractions among patients in the hospital, healthy younger participants, and healthy older participants.

Design
The study used an observational cohort design.

Methods
There were 37 participants. Median frequency (Fmed) of the myoelectric signal of the quadriceps femoris muscles and time to task failure (TTTF) were measured using sEMG during an isometric and dynamic fatiguing contraction. Primary analysis compared TTTF between groups for both types of contractions. Secondary analysis compared Fmed at initiation and termination of fatiguing contraction.

Results
High-quality sEMG measures were safe and feasible to collect at the acute care bedside with no adverse events. There was a statistically significant difference in TTTF between groups after isometric and dynamic contractions; hospitalized patients fatigued faster than healthy younger and healthy older participants after both contractions. With the exception of the vastus lateralis during a dynamic contraction in healthy younger and hospitalized patients, there was a statistically significant difference between Fmed at initiation and termination of contraction, indicating that subjects’ muscles did truly fatigue.

Limitations
A limitation of the study was the small sample size of patients who were hospitalized without matched controls.

Conclusions
sEMG is a lab quantitative technique that was found to be safe and feasible to assess muscle fatigue in the acute care environment. The protocol yielded similar results to previously published literature for healthy younger and healthy older people. Further research is needed to better understand how to integrate sEMG findings into patient-centered exercise prescriptions.
Comparison of Perioperative Complications in Anterior Decompression With Fusion and Posterior Decompression With Fusion for Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Yoshii Toshitaka , Morishita Shingo , Inose Hiroyuki , Yuasa Masato , Hirai Takashi , Okawa Atsushi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective comparative study.

Objective.
To compare the perioperative complications and costs of anterior decompression with fusion (ADF) and posterior decompression with fusion (PDF) for patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Summary of Background Data.
Surgical treatment of cervical OPLL has a high risk of various complications. ADF and PDF are effective for the treatment of cervical OPLL; however, few studies have compared the two procedures in terms of the perioperative surgical complications.

Methods.
Patients undergoing ADF and PDF for cervical OPLL from 2010 to 2016 were identified in a nation-wide inpatient database. We investigated systemic and local complications, length of hospital stay, costs for hospitalization, reoperation, and mortality. Propensity score was calculated from patients’ characteristics and preoperative comorbidities, and one to one matching was performed.

Results.
Propensity score-matching produced 854 pairs of patients who underwent ADF and PDF. The rate of at least one systemic complication was significantly higher in the ADF group (P = 0.004). The incidence rates of postoperative respiratory failure (P = 0.034) and dysphagia (P = 0.008) were significantly higher in the ADF group. The rates of pneumonia (P = 0.06) and hoarseness (P = 0.08) also tended to be higher in the ADF group. However, no difference was found in the mortality rate (P = 0.22). In the local complications, spinal fluid leakage was significantly higher in the ADF group (P < 0.001). However, blood transfusion rate was significantly higher in the PDF group (P = 0.001). Hospital stay was significantly longer in the PDF group (P < 0.001) and the cost for hospitalization was greater in the PDF group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
The present study demonstrated that perioperative complications, such as respiratory failure, dysphagia, and spinal fluid leakage, were more common in the ADF group. However, hospital stay was longer in the PDF group, and the cost for hospitalization was greater in the PDF group.

Level of Evidence: 3.
Increasing Trauma-Informed Awareness and Practice in Higher Education
Authors: Doughty Kristen 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Traumatic experiences across the lifespan can affect an individual's physical, social, and emotional health and cognitive development. There has been an increased focus on trauma-informed initiatives in various public and health care sectors, but these initiatives are lacking in higher education.

Method:
A pre-post survey design was used in a trauma-informed professional development session. The survey evaluated educator's knowledge and perceptions of trauma-informed care (TIC) and trauma-informed educational strategies (TIES). Select interviews were then conducted to further analyze knowledge and perception related to TIC and TIES.

Results:
The results demonstrated an increase in knowledge of TIC and TIES, as well as an improved ability to support students. P values were statistically significant at <.05.

Conclusion:
The integration of a trauma-informed professional development session for all educators is the first step in the integration of TIC in higher education and a transition to a trauma-sensitive culture.
Creating and Presenting an Effective Lecture
Authors: Babik Jennifer M. , Luther Vera P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lectures are a key tool for large group teaching in continuing professional development and continuing medical education within the health care professions. However, many practitioners who deliver lectures have not had the time or opportunity to participate in formal training on how to give an effective presentation. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide for creating and presenting an effective lecture. We will discuss evidence-based principles of effective teaching, slide organization and design, active learning, and public speaking.
Intracoronary pressure gradient measurement in acute myocardial infarction patients with the no-reflow phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Gao Ming-Dong , Zhang En-Yuan , Liu Yuan-Ying , Li Xiao-Wei , Xiao Jian-Yong , Sun Gen-Yi , Liu Yin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Various experimental and clinical studies have reported on coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (“no-reflow” phenomenon). Nevertheless, pathogenesis and effective treatment are yet to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to measure the intracoronary pressure gradient in the no-reflow artery during emergent percutaneous coronary intervention and explore the potential mechanism of no-reflow.

Methods
From September 1st, 2018 to June 30th, 2019, intracoronary pressure in acute myocardial infarction patient was continuously measured by aspiration catheter from distal to proximal segment in the Department of Coronary Care Unit, Tianjin Chest Hospital, respectively in no-reflow arteries (no-reflow group) and arteries with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction-3 flow (control group). At least 12 cardiac cycles were consecutively recorded when the catheter was pulled back. The forward systolic pressure gradient was calculated as proximal systolic pressure minus distal systolic pressure. Comparison between groups was made using the Student t test, Mann-Whitney U-test or Chi-square test, as appropriate.

Results
Intracoronary pressure in 33 no-reflow group and 26 in control group were measured. The intracoronary forward systolic pressure gradient was −1.3 (−4.8, 0.7) and 3.8 (0.8, 8.8) mmHg in no-reflow group and control group (Z = −3.989, P < 0.001), respectively, while the forward diastolic pressure gradient was −1.0 (−3.2, 0) and 4.6 (0, 16.5) mmHg in respective groups (Z = −3.851, P < 0.001). Moreover, the intracoronary forward pressure gradient showed significant difference between that before and after nicorandil medication (Z = −3.668, P < 0.001 in systolic pressure gradient and Z = −3.530, P < 0.001 in diastolic pressure gradient).

Conclusions
No reflow during emergent coronary revascularization is significantly associated with local hemodynamic abnormalities in the coronary arteries. Intracoronary nicorandil administration at the distal segment of a coronary artery with an aspiration catheter could improve the microcirculatory dysfunction and resume normal coronary pressure gradient.

Clinical trial registration

www.ClinicalTrials.gov
(No. NCT 03600259).
Reflections on the Spiritual Lives of Caregivers of Spouses with Dementia
Authors: Shim Bomin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT:
Observations from research on the spiritual lives of persons caring for their spouses with dementia provide insight into the spirituality of caregivers. The author relates her personal journey of spirituality with findings from narratives of caregivers and the results of grace, joy, and trust. The lived experiences of caregivers who express faith in Jesus enable them to rest and love amid their caregiving. These insights can be useful when applied to nursing care and nursing education.
SEROLOGY NEGATIVE BARTONELLA NEURORETINITIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT
Authors: Wu Annie M. , Zhao Peter Y. , Wubben Thomas J. , Hyde Robert A. , Paulus Yannis M. , Johnson Mark W. 
Published: March 2020

Background/Purpose:
To report a case of serology-negative severe disseminated Bartonella neuroretinitis in an immunocompromised patient in which diagnosis was made by detection of B. henselae DNA by universal polymerase chain reaction of brain tissue.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 57-year-old man with immunoglobulin A vasculitis on immunosuppressive therapy presented with lethargy, weight loss, and bilateral decreased vision. Fundus examination revealed bilateral mild vitritis, marked optic disc edema, vascular sheathing, and numerous white inner retinal and preretinal lesions. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple foci of restricted diffusion and a ring-enhancing focus in the left parietal lobe. Serologies, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous biopsies were all negative for Bartonella. A brain biopsy was performed and B. henselae DNA was detected by universal polymerase chain reaction of the specimen. The patient demonstrated resolution of fundus findings with antibiotic treatment. Repeat serological testing demonstrated seroconversion.

Conclusion:
In immunocompromised patients, infection by Bartonella henselae can present as severe disseminated disease. Establishing the diagnosis can be challenging as serologic testing is often unrevealing in the setting of a blunted immune response. Polymerase chain reaction has been used in select cases to establish the diagnosis.
Visual Field Cluster Map Corresponding to Bruch Membrane Opening-minimum Rim Area Sectors in Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Choi Hyun Sup , Park Sung Pyo , Na Kyeong Ik 
Published: March 2020

Précis:
We generated a new visual field (VF) cluster map corresponding to Bruch membrane opening-minimum rim area (BMO-MRA) sectors, which described in detail the structure-function relationships between the optic nerve head and VF in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure-function relationship between BMO-MRA and VF in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 67 eyes of 50 patients with open-angle glaucoma who underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for BMO-MRA and the Humphrey VF test. BMO-MRA of the glaucomatous optic nerve head was divided into 12 sectors. The correlation between BMO-MRA sectors and the VF points was analyzed to generate a new VF cluster map.

Results:
Forty-three of the 52 VF points showed a significant correlation with at least 1 BMO-MRA sector. The VF cluster map was generated using the BMO-MRA sectors and each VF point that showed the most correlation. The superior hemifield correlated with 5, 6, 7, and 8 o’clock positions (ρ=0.312 to 0.710), whereas the inferior hemifield correlated with 10, 11, 12, and 2 o’clock positions (ρ=0.241 to 0.483). The VF cluster maps of superior and inferior hemifields showed different configurations of VF clusters and topographical relationships with the glaucomatous optic nerve head.

Conclusion:
The newly generated VF cluster map corresponding to BMO-MRA sectors showed a significant structure-function relationship and could be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of glaucoma.