bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop raiders in an ecological trap: optimal foraging individual‐based modeling quantifies the effect of alternate crops
Authors: Simon Ricardo Nouailhetas , Fortin Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrop raiding is an increasing source of human–wildlife conflict that antagonizes humans and can lead to heightened killing of wildlife. Attraction to crops can trigger ecological traps, where animals prefer areas of their range that confer relatively low fitness. Food can be used to draw animals away from problematic areas, but an alternative considered less often is to replace high‐quality food with poorer alternatives. In any case, managers often have no means of anticipating by how much such interventions should impact animal use of space. Optimal foraging theory predicts that foragers optimizing their diet should choose food items according to their relative profitability (i.e., digestible energy/ handling time), a theoretical prediction that can orient management actions. Accordingly, we developed an individual‐based model (IBM) simulating movement through empirical rules under an optimal foraging framework. Our objective was to quantify the effect size of cultivating alternate crops to reduce crop raiding and the associated human‐induced mortality driving an ecological trap for an energy maximizer, plains bison (Bison bison bison). Results showed that almost tripling the area of cultivation of crops of lower profitability (from 24.3% of the bison range outside the protected area in one management scenario to 70.3% in another) only led to a 25% additional decrease in the intensity of crop raiding (from a decrease of 40% in the first scenario to a decrease of 65% in the second). This suggests that localized interventions in the landscape are likely to have a stronger impact in mitigating crop raiding than broad actions ignoring spatial patterns in food distribution. However, we obtained no significant reduction in the number of simulated bison being harvested in the first scenario, and only a small reduction in the second, when the intervention was spatially broad. Our individual‐based approach to animal movement informed by optimal foraging demonstrates that linking landscape configuration to mortality rates can help managers anticipate the effectiveness of manipulating food to keep animals away from problematic zones. Yet disarming ecological traps driven by human hunting appears to be a much more challenging undertaking.
Recruiting participants to an Internet‐based eating disorder prevention trial: Impact of the recruitment strategy on symptom severity and program utilization
Authors: Vollert Bianka , von Bloh Paula , Eiterich Nadine , Beintner Ina , Hütter Kristian , Taylor Craig Barr , Jacobi Corinna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveUsing data from a randomized controlled trial, we examined two different strategies to recruit participants for an indicated preventive intervention (StudentBodies‐AN) for women at risk for anorexia nervosa and compared symptom severity and program utilization in participants recruited through each strategy.MethodWe recruited participants by announcing the study (a) in lectures at universities and handing out screening questionnaires (face‐to‐face recruitment) and (b) through different media channels, and the participants completed the screening questionnaire on our study website (media‐based recruitment). We compared symptom severity and program utilization between the two groups.ResultsA total of 4,646 women (face‐to‐face: 3,741, media‐based: 905) were screened and 168 women (face‐to‐face: 114, media‐based: 54) were randomized to the intervention. We found a statistically and clinically significant association between recruitment strategy and symptom severity: Participants who were recruited through media were more likely to fulfill the inclusion criteria (40.6% vs. 13.3%; p < .001) and endorsed significantly more frequently core behaviors and attitudes of disordered eating (EDE global score: 2.72 vs. 2.17, p < .05; Weight Concerns Scale [WCS] score: 66.05 vs. 56.40, p < .05) at baseline than participants recruited face‐to‐face. Also, participants recruited through media were more likely to log onto the program (χ2 = 5.06; p = .029) and accessed more of the intervention.DiscussionRecruitment through media seems both more feasible and suitable to reach individuals in need of indicative prevention, and should be part of a multimodal recruitment package. Future studies should be explicitly designed to investigate the impact of recruitment modality on reach and effectiveness including cost‐effectiveness analyses.
Avoidance coping during mealtimes predicts higher eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Vanzhula Irina A. , Sala Margarita , Christian Caroline , Hunt Rowan A. , Keshishian Ani C. , Wong Valerie Z. , Ernst Sarah , Spoor Samantha P. , Levinson Cheri A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) are characterized by significant anxiety during mealtime that contributes to food avoidance and weight loss. Individuals with EDs commonly use avoidance coping (e.g., distraction) to tolerate meals and comply with meal plans. Although this strategy may be effective short term, a large body of anxiety literature suggests that avoidance can lead to worsening of psychological symptoms long term.MethodThe current study (N = 66 individuals diagnosed with ED) used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the short‐term and long‐term associations of avoidance coping on ED symptoms.ResultsDistraction during meals predicted a reduction in anxiety in the short term, and both distraction and avoidance of emotions predicted increases in excessive exercise in the short term. Distraction and avoidance of emotions predicted increases in bulimic symptoms 1 month after completion of EMA.DiscussionThese results are consistent with prior literature on avoidance and suggest that avoidance coping during meals may contribute to the increase of ED behaviors in the long term. Coping strategies that encourage approach and tolerance of difficult thoughts and emotions (e.g., acceptance‐based strategies) rather that avoidance coping may promote longer‐term symptom reduction.
Mass–abundance scaling in avian communities is maintained after tropical selective logging
Authors: Cosset Cindy C. P. , Gilroy James J. , Srinivasan Umesh , Hethcoat Matthew G. , Edwards David P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Selective logging dominates forested landscapes across the tropics. Despite the structural damage incurred, selectively logged forests typically retain more biodiversity than other forest disturbances. Most logging impact studies consider conventional metrics, like species richness, but these can conceal subtle biodiversity impacts. The mass–abundance relationship is an integral feature of ecological communities, describing the negative relationship between body mass and population abundance, where, in a system without anthropogenic influence, larger species are less abundant due to higher energy requirements. Changes in this relationship can indicate community structure and function changes.

We investigated the impacts of selective logging on the mass–abundance scaling of avian communities by conducting a meta‐analysis to examine its pantropical trend. We divide our analysis between studies using mist netting, sampling the understory avian community, and point counts, sampling the entire community.

Across 19 mist‐netting studies, we found no consistent effects of selective logging on mass–abundance scaling relative to primary forests, except for the omnivore guild where there were fewer larger‐bodied species after logging. In eleven point‐count studies, we found a more negative relationship in the whole community after logging, likely driven by the frugivore guild, showing a similar pattern.

Limited effects of logging on mass–abundance scaling may suggest high species turnover in logged communities, with like‐for‐like replacement of lost species with similar‐sized species. The increased negative mass–abundance relationship found in some logged communities could result from resource depletion, density compensation, or increased hunting; potentially indicating downstream impacts on ecosystem functions.

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that size distributions of avian communities in logged forests are relatively robust to disturbance, potentially maintaining ecosystem processes in these forests, thus underscoring the high conservation value of logged tropical forests, indicating an urgent need to focus on their protection from further degradation and deforestation.
Incorporating fish habitat requirements of the complete life cycle into ecological flow regime estimation of rivers
Authors: Wang Li , Chen Qiuwen , Zhang Jianyun , Xia Jun , Mo Kangle , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaintenance of ecological flow regime for aquatic biota is essential to river ecosystem health. To estimate ecological flow, habitat simulation methods have been widely applied because of their combination of hydrological regime and species hydraulic preference. However, few methods are available to provide a flow regime that varies over time due to time‐specific habitat requirements from different target species or from one target species at its different life stages. This paper described a novel approach for evaluating the ecological flow regime that was a time series of discharge considering different life stages of target species. First, an ecohydraulic model that combined multivariable habitat suitability curve of target species with a hydraulic module was developed to establish the relationship between habitat status and hydrological conditions. Then, the habitat connectivity index was adopted to assess the spatial patterns of habitat patches. Finally, the ecological flow regime considering the complete life cycle of target species was derived. The developed approach was applied to the middle reach of Huaihe River, where the flow is highly regulated by dams and sluices. The Chinese bream (Parabramis pekinensis) was chosen as the target species for ecological flow calculation. The ecological flow regime in the Lutaizi was provided for the river management. The study provided a promising method to support ecological friendly operations of hydraulic structures for river ecosystem restoration and management.
Similar composition of functional roles in Andean seed‐dispersal networks, despite high species and interaction turnover
Authors: Dehling D. Matthias , Peralta Guadalupe , Bender Irene M. A. , Blendinger Pedro G. , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Muñoz Marcia C. , Neuschulz Eike Lena , Quitián Marta , Saavedra Francisco , Santillán Vinicio , Schleuning Matthias , Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe species composition of local communities varies in space, and its similarity generally decreases with increasing geographic distance between communities, a phenomenon known as distance decay of similarity. It is, however, not known how changes in local species composition affect ecological processes, that is, whether they lead to differences in the local composition of species' functional roles. We studied eight seed‐dispersal networks along the South American Andes and compared them with regard to their species composition and their composition of functional roles. We tested (1) if changes in bird species composition lead to changes in the composition of bird functional roles, and (2) if the similarity in species composition and functional‐role composition decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. We also used cluster analysis to (3) identify bird species with similar roles across all networks based on the similarity in the plants they consume, (i) considering only the species identity of the plants and (ii) considering the functional traits of the plants. Despite strong changes in species composition, the networks along the Andes showed similar composition of functional roles. (1) Changes in species composition generally did not lead to changes in the composition of functional roles. (2) Similarity in species composition, but not functional‐role composition, decreased with increasing geographic distance between the networks. (3) The cluster analysis considering the functional traits of plants identified bird species with similar functional roles across all networks. The similarity in functional roles despite the high species turnover suggests that the ecological process of seed dispersal is organized similarly along the Andes, with similar functional roles fulfilled locally by different sets of species. The high species turnover, relative to functional turnover, also indicates that a large number of bird species are needed to maintain the seed‐dispersal process along the Andes.
Abiotic factors and plant biomass, not plant diversity, strongly shape grassland arthropods under drought conditions
Authors: Prather Rebecca M. , Castillioni Karen , Welti Ellen A.R. , Kaspari Michael , Souza Lara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArthropod abundance and diversity often track plant biomass and diversity at the local scale. However, under altered precipitation regimes and anthropogenic disturbances, plant–arthropod relationships are expected to be increasingly controlled by abiotic, rather than biotic, factors. We used an experimental precipitation gradient combined with human management in a temperate mixed‐grass prairie to examine (1) how two drivers, altered precipitation and biomass removal, can synergistically affect abiotic factors and plant communities and (2) how these effects can cascade upward, impacting the arthropod food web. Both drought and hay harvest increased soil surface temperature, and drought decreased soil moisture. Arthropod abundance decreased with low soil moisture and, contrary to our predictions, decreased with increased plant biomass. Arthropod diversity increased with soil moisture, decreased with high surface temperatures, and tracked arthropod abundance but was unaffected by plant diversity or quality. Our experiment demonstrates that arthropod abundance is directly constrained by abiotic factors and plant biomass, in turn constraining local arthropod diversity. If robust, this result suggests climate change in the southern Great Plains may directly reduce arthropod diversity.
Natural population variability may be masking the more‐individuals hypothesis
Authors: Vagle Grant L. , McCain Christy M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpecies richness and productivity are correlated at global and regional scales, but the mechanisms linking them are inconclusive. The most commonly invoked mechanism, the more‐individuals hypothesis (MIH), hypothesizes that increased productivity leads to increased food resource availability, which leads to an increased number of individuals supporting more species. Empirical evidence for the MIH remains mixed despite a substantial literature. Here we used simulations to determine whether interannual population variability could be masking a “true” MIH relationship. In each simulation, fixed linear relationships between productivity, richness, and 50‐yr average abundance mimicked the MIH mechanism. Abundance was allowed to vary annually and sampled for 1–40 yr. Linear regressions of richness on sampled abundance assessed the probability of detecting the fixed MIH relationship. Medium to high population variability with short‐term sampling (1–3 yr) led to poor detection of the fixed MIH relationship. Notably, this level of sampling and population variability describes nearly all MIH studies to date. Long‐term sampling (5+ yr) led to improved detection of the fixed relationship; thus it is necessary to detect support for the MIH reliably. Such sampling duration is nonexistent in the MIH literature. Robust future studies of the MIH necessitate consideration of interannual population variability.
Prolonged glucosuria and relapse of diabetic ketoacidosis related to SGLT2‐inhibitor therapy
Authors: Westcott Gregory P. , Segal Alissa R. , Mitri Joanna , Brown Florence M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are glucose‐lowering medications which increase the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption and promote glucosuria. Treatment with these agents raises serum ketone levels, and cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during therapy have been reported. The duration of glucosuria and inpatient course of SGLT2i‐related DKA, however, is not well‐characterized. We report 11 inpatient cases of SGLT2i‐related DKA, including a subset of patients who experienced prolonged glucosuria and relapse of DKA during their hospitalization.
Improved Mycobacterium tuberculosis clearance after the restoration of IFN‐γ+TNF‐α+CD4+T cells: Impact of PD‐1 inhibition in active tuberculosis patients
Authors: Kamboj Divya , Gupta Pushpa , Basil Mandira Varma , Mohan Anant , Guleria Randeep , Bhatnagar Anuj , Mehta Girija , Kumar Prabin , Saurabh Abhinav , Deepak Rakesh , Thakral Deepshi , Misra Pragya , Tandon Rati , Gupta Umesh D , Mitra Dipendra Kumar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProlonged therapy, drug toxicity, noncompliance, immune suppression, and alarming emergence of drug resistance necessitate the search for therapeutic vaccine strategies for tuberculosis (TB). Such strategies ought to elicit not only IFN‐γ, but polyfunctional response including TNF‐α, which is essential for protective granuloma formation. Here, we investigated the impact of PD‐1 inhibition in facilitating protective polyfunctional T cells (PFTs), bacillary clearance, and disease resolution. We have observed PD‐1 inhibition preferentially rescued the suppressed PFTs in active tuberculosis patients. In addition, polyfunctional cytokine milieu favored apoptosis of infected MDMs over necrosis with markedly reduced bacillary growth (≪CFU) in our in vitro monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) infection model. Furthermore, the animal study revealed a significant decline in the bacterial burden in the lungs and spleen of infected mice after in vivo administration of α‐PD‐1 along with antitubercular treatment. Our findings suggest that rescuing polyfunctional immune response by PD‐1 inhibition works synergistically with antituberculosis chemotherapy to confer improved control over bacillary growth and dissemination. In summary, our data strongly indicate the therapeutic potential of α‐PD‐1 as adjunct immunotherapy that can rejuvenate suppressed host immunity and enhance the efficacy of candidate therapeutic vaccine(s).
Human T cells employ conserved AU‐rich elements to fine‐tune IFN‐γ production
Authors: Freen‐van Heeren Julian J. , Popović Branka , Guislain Aurélie , Wolkers Monika C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong‐lasting CD8+ T cell responses are critical in combatting infections and tumors. The pro‐inflammatory cytokine IFN‐γ is a key effector molecule herein. We recently showed that in murine T cells the production of IFN‐γ is tightly regulated through adenylate uridylate–rich elements (AREs) that are located in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the Ifng mRNA molecule. Loss of AREs resulted in prolonged cytokine production in activated T cells and boosted anti‐tumoral T cell responses. Here, we investigated whether these findings can be translated to primary human T cells. Utilizing CRISPR‐Cas9 technology, we deleted the ARE region from the IFNG 3′ UTR in peripheral blood‐derived human T cells. Loss of AREs stabilized the IFNG mRNA in T cells and supported a higher proportion of IFN‐γ protein‐producing T cells. Importantly, combining MART‐1 T cell receptor engineering with ARE‐Del gene editing showed that this was also true for antigen‐specific activation of T cells. MART‐1‐specific ARE‐Del T cells showed higher percentages of IFN‐γ producing T cells in response to MART‐1 expressing tumor cells. Combined, our study reveals that ARE‐mediated posttranscriptional regulation is conserved between murine and human T cells. Furthermore, generating antigen‐specific ARE‐Del T cells is feasible, a feature that could potentially be used for therapeutical purposes.
Stability characteristics of a fractured high roof under nonpillar mining with an automatically formed roadway by using a visualized discrimination approach
Authors: Wang Yajun , Liu Jianning , Yang Jun , Wang Qi , Huang Ruifeng , Tian Xichun , He Manchao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNonpillar mining (NPM) with an automatically formed roadway is an emerging mining technology that does not use coal pillar retention and drivage. This technology can be used to actively control the caving height of the roof by directional cutting technology and can promote the rapid equilibrium of a fractured high roof under the support of the caved gangue. Therefore, when analyzing the stability of a high roof under NPM, not only the interaction force of the fractured rock blocks but also the effects of the support provided by the gangue, and the coal body should be considered. In addition, if necessary, the roof support in the roadway should also be considered. Based on this idea, in this paper, we analyzed the stability characteristics of a fractured high roof and suggested the stability conditions of the fractured rock of a high roof, including actual stability, pseudostability, and instability and provided the criteria for determining these three stability conditions. Furthermore, a visualized approach for the determination of roof stability was proposed. The core idea of the proposed approach is to transform the parameters that cannot be measured in the abovementioned conditions into visualized data that can be directly or indirectly obtained in the field, allowing for the detection and occasional assessment of the stability condition of the fractured rock of a high roof. This visualized determination approach can be used to assess the roof stability condition in a timely manner during the production process and to ensure production safety. The abovementioned research results were successfully used in the S1201‐II mining face of the Ningtiaota Coal Mine, indicating that the proposed approach is feasible and can be used under similar conditions.
Assessing patient‐reported symptom burden of long‐term head and neck cancer survivors at annual surveillance in survivorship clinic
Authors: Townes Thomas G. , Navuluri Sriram , Pytynia Kristen B. , Gunn Gary Brandon , Kamal Mona J. , Gilmore Katherine R. , Chapman Patricia H. , Bell Katherine V. , Fournier Danielle M. , Janik Monica A. , Joseph Liza M. , Zendehdel Sara , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Goepfert Ryan P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study reports long‐term head and neck cancer (HNC) patient‐reported symptoms using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Head and Neck Cancer Module (MDASI‐HN) in a large cohort of HNC survivors.MethodsMDASI‐HN results were prospectively collected from an institutional survivorship database. Associations with clinicopathologic data were analyzed using χ2, Mann‐Whitney, and univariate regression.ResultsNine hundred and twenty‐eight patients were included. Forty‐six percent had oropharyngeal primary tumors. Eighty‐two percent had squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty‐six percent of patients had ablative surgery and 81% had radiation therapy as a component of treatment. The most severe symptoms were xerostomia and dysphagia. Symptom scores were worst for hypopharynx and varied by subsite. Patients treated with chemoradiation or surgery followed by radiation ± chemotherapy reported the worst symptoms while patient treated with surgery plus radiation ± chemotherapy reported the worst interference.ConclusionHNC survivors describe their long‐term symptom burden and inform efforts to improve care many years into survivorship.