bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a domestic wastewater treatment plant at an intermediate city in Cochabamba, Bolivia
Authors: Saavedra Oliver , Escalera Ramiro , Heredia Gustavo , Montoya Renato , Echeverría Ivette , Villarroel Adriana , Brito Leo Lorenz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the seasonal variability in the performance of a medium size population wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Bolivia. The semi-arid area where the WWTP is located is characterized as agricultural land, with an annual rainfall of 500 mm and a mean temperature of 17 °C. The WWTP is built up of five modules, each one comprising two treatment trains composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and horizontal gravel filter. The performance of the full process has been determined based on water quantity and quality. Seven monitoring campaigns of chemical and physical wastewater characteristics were performed from March to December 2017. The measured effluent showed average removal efficiencies of 83 ± 8% and 37 ± 60% for total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), respectively. The treatment system has proven to be efficient to remove organic matter and TSS, despite the occurrence of high COD and total solids (TS) influent concentrations, the accumulation of solids at all the processes and the variability of flow and temperature inside the UASB reactors. In order to improve further this efficiency, it is recommended to implement a primary sedimentation unit as a pretreatment for the UASB system that would help to homogenize both the flow and the quality of the influent.
Venoms and Isolated Toxins from Snakes of Medical Impact in the Northeast Argentina: State of the Art. Potential Pharmacological Applications
Authors: Garcia Denegri María Emilia , Bustillo Soledad , Gay Claudia Carolina , Van De Velde Andrea , Gomez Gabriela , Echeverría Silvina , Gauna Pereira María Del Carmen , Maruñak Silvana , Nuñez Sandra , Bogado Fabián , Sanchez Matías , Teibler Gladys Pamela , Fusco Luciano , Leiva Laura Cristina Ana 
Published: October 2019

:Among the ophidians that inhabit the Northeast of Argentina, the genus Bothrops such as B. alternatus and B. diporus species (also known as yararás) and Crotalus durisus terrificus (named cascabel), represent the most studied snake venom for more than thirty years. These two genera of venomous snakes account for the majority of poisonous snake envenomations and therefore, constitute a medical emergency in this region. This review presents a broad description of the compiled knowledge about venomous snakebite: its pathophysiological action, protein composition, isolated toxins, toxin synergism, toxin-antitoxin cross-reaction assays. Properties of some isolated toxins support a potential pharmacological application.
Utilization of Microfluidics for the Preparation of Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Antioxidant Rutin: A Comparison with Bulk Production
Authors: Vu Hanh T.H. , Streck Sarah , Hook Sarah M. , McDowell Arlene 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To compare the characteristics of rutin-loaded PLGA (poly(lactic-coglycolic
acid)) nanoparticles prepared using a single emulsion evaporation method (bulk
method) and a nanoprecipitation method using microfluidics.

Method:
Rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were produced using different methods and
characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL). A
design of experiments approach was used to identify the effect of method parameters to optimize
the formulation. DSC was used to investigate the solid-state characteristics of rutin
and PLGA and identify any interactions in the rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. The release
of rutin from PLGA nanoparticles was examined in biorelevant media and phosphate
buffer (PBS).

Results :
The optimal formulation of rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles produced using a
microfluidics method resulted in a higher entrapment efficiency of 34 ± 2% and a smaller
size of 123 ± 4 nm compared to a bulk method (EE 27 ± 1%, size 179 ± 13 nm). The solidstate
of rutin and PLGA changed from crystalline to amorphous with the preparation of rutin-
loaded PLGA nanoparticles. More importantly, using microfluidics, rutin released faster
from rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in biorelevant media and PBS with higher burst
release compared to the rutin release from the nanoparticles prepared by using the bulk
method.

Conclusion:
Rutin can be encapsulated in nanoparticles formulated with different methods
with mean sizes of less than 200 nm. Microfluidics produced more uniform rutin-loaded
PLGA nanoparticles with a higher EE, DL and faster release compared to a bulk production
method.
The Effect of Sea State on the Polarization of Reflected Beidou B1 Signals
Authors: Lyu Tingting , Sha Shuang , Zhang Min , Zhang Hao , Gulliver Thomas A. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Oceanographic buoys generally employ satellites for positioning and data
transmission. However, sea surface conditions can affect these signals. The Signal to Noise Ratio
(SNR) of small observation buoys can be improved by exploiting polarization diversity.

Methods:
This paper discusses the effect of sea surface conditions on the polarization and reflection
loss of Beidou B1 reflected signals for the purposes of exploiting polarization diversity. The
Rayleigh roughness criterion is used to assess the roughness of the sea surface. The Fresnel reflection
coefficients are derived to analyze the polarization and reflection loss of the Beidou B1 reflected
signals with different sea surface states.

Results:
The results obtained show that for the Beidou B1 signals, the sea surface is considered
rough for most sea surface states and incident angles. For smooth sea surfaces, the Beidou B1 reflected
signals are mainly Left Hand Circularly Polarized (LHCP) waves, but Right Hand Circularly
Polarized (RHCP) waves dominate when the incident angles are larger than the Brewster angle.
The reflected loss is between -2 dB to -3.4 dB. In rough sea surfaces and the signals propagation is
dominated by diffuse reflection. The reflection loss decreases with the incident angle and there is a
fluctuation when the incident angle is around 49 degrees. The specular reflection signal has a significant
amplitude when the angle of incidence is large. RHCP waves are the main component of
the reflected signals, and the reflection loss is relatively small which can be employed for polarization
diversity or marine remote sensing.

Conclusion:
polarization diversity is only useful with good sea conditions, and the corresponding
gain decreases with the deterioration of the sea surface conditions.
Supply Chain Management Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) di Agroindustri Tiwul Instan Kabupaten Gunungkidul
Authors: Maysaroh Maysaroh , Irianto Heru , Adi Raden Kunto 
Published: October 2019

This research aims to know: supply chain management; supply chain management model; and supply chain performance of cassava in tiwul instan agroindustry, Gunungkidul Regency. This research is a descriptive study. The location of the research is determine by purposive method. Data analysis method is descriptive using Food Supply Chain Network approach (Vorst) while the supply chain performance is measured by marketing margin and farmer’s share calculation. The result of this research shows that supply chain of cassava in tiwul instan agroindustry choose the domestic market as the target market while the development target of this supply chain is improvement in technology, coordination and collaboration, and the procurenment of formal contract agreement among the chain members. Cooperation is conducted by the basic of oral contract among the chain members, the transcation system is done in cash, and there has been government support such as capital aid, equipment, and training of human resource development. The management model of supply chain consist of farmer, collectors, market traders, and tiwul instan agroindustry as the chain members whom performing different activities depending on the input and the output. The most efficient channels is SC4 (farmer (gaplek) à market trader (gaplek) à tiwul instan agroindustry). SC4 is efficient because it has a relatively low marketing margin, relatively high farmer’s share and higher benefit and cost ratio than other channels.
Motivación y percepción de los estudiantes de pregrado sobre los programas de internacionalización – Juliana Solórzano – Madeline Melchor
Authors: Solórzano Escobar Juliana , Melchor Cardona Madeline 
Published: October 2019

El mundo está cambiando a un ritmo acelerado motivado por la incidencia de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC’s), la globalización y la internacionalización, que han impactado la dinámica de la sociedad. Estos cambios no han sido ajenos a la forma de proceder de las empresas y gobiernos de muchos países, dado que a medida que se reducen las barreras comerciales que dividen al mundo, las empresas se ven en la necesidad de modificar los perfiles de los ejecutivos y trabajadores que desean tener en sus instituciones, es por ello que los nuevos profesionales deben desarrollar competencias relacionadas con la comprensión de los valores de la multiculturalidad. Buscando ese objetivo, las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) han desarrollado estrategias de movilidad regional, nacional e internacional como una forma de crear espacios para que los estudiantes puedan desarrollar la capacidad de desenvolverse de una forma eficiente en diversos entornos multiculturales.
La presente investigación identificó entre los estudiantes de una IES privada de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, las motivaciones para participar en el programa y la percepción acerca de su funcionamiento, identificando que la mayor motivación tiene que ver con el mejoramiento de sus habilidades de adaptación y culturización y su formación como persona y profesional. Se identificó una percepción en general positiva sobre los procesos y un acción de mejor clara dirigida hacia la comunicación de la Oficina de Relaciones Internacionales y los estudiantes.
Sunshine to Government—Opportunities for Engagement with Government Data
Authors: Flasher Renee 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
For big data analyses to provide productive insights, an individual or team should understand the business to validate expected relationships and discover new opportunities. Students do not consistently have industry sector experience. However, they are familiar with state governments as they live, work, or attend school in various geographical locations. Also, students pay taxes to the state governments (income, sales, etc.). This article highlights the state government data sources that provide data for students to develop big data skills across a multitude of classes within an accounting curriculum. This article delineates three different types of governmental information: the financial statement, open checkbooks, and open data initiatives data. The variation in information disclosure across states offer research opportunities for academics too.
Respon Peserta terhadap Penyelenggaraan Pelatihan Teknologi Komoditas Perkebunan di Taman Sains Pertanian Natar
Authors: Novrianty Ely 
Published: October 2019

Teknologi menjadi suatu kebutuhan untuk menghadapi tantangan pembangunan pertanian kini dan di masa mendatang
Teknologi tepat guna spesifik lokasi yang merupakan hasil-hasil penelitian dan pengkajian Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Lampung belum sepenuhnya diadopsi oleh pengguna pelaku utama dan pelaku usaha sektor pertanian. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan penyelenggaraan pelatihan teknologi dengan melibatkan penyuluh, peneliti dengan stake holder dalam rangka peningkatan kuantitas, kualitas, dan efektivitas interaksi antara penyuluh/ peneliti BPTP dengan stake holder, sehingga akan mempercepat tersebarluasnya teknologi hasil penelitian dan pengkajian ke pengguna teknologi. Tujuan pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon peserta terhadap penyelenggaraan pelatihan teknologi, respon peserta terhadap penguasaan materi dan cara penyajian nara sumber, dan respon peserta terhadap interaksi narasumber dengan peserta dan penggunaan alat bantu. Pelaksanaan pelatihan teknologi pada tanggal 20 September 2016 di Taman Sains Pertanian Natar, dengan responden sebanyak 80 peserta yang mayoritas penyuluh. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara tersturktur melalui kuisioner. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan penilaian respon menggunakan skala likert. Respon peserta terhadap pengelenggaraan pelatihan teknologi mempunyai respon baik sebesar 65,71%, respon peserta terhadap penguasaan materi narasumber tergolong dalam kategori baik dengan rata-rata pencapaian skor sebesar 82,68%, respon peserta terhadap cara penyajian nara sumber tergolong juga dalam kategori baik dengan rata-rata pencapaian skor sebesar 73,73%, respon peserta terhadap interaksi narasumber dengan peserta tergolong kategori baik dengan rata-rata pencapaian skor sebesar 58,99%, dan respon peserta terhadap penggunaan alat bantu mempunyai respon tergolong kategori baik dengan rata-rata pencapaian 63,68%.

Kata Kunci: respon, peserta, pelatihan teknologi, narasumber
PENYULUHAN KEAMANAN PANGAN JAJANAN ANAK SEKOLAH DI SD MIFTAHUL JANNAH BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Hidayati Sri 
Published: October 2019

Makanan jajanan merupakan produk makanan yang dijajakan di pinggir jalan yang secara umum disukai oleh anak sekolah. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai keamanan pangan jajanan tersebut perlu dilakukan usaha untuk memberi pendidikan kepada anak sekolah mengenai keamanan makanan jajanan, bagaimana mengetahui apakah makanan tersebut berbahaya atau tidak dan cara mengenali jenis makanan berbahaya serta memberi pendidikan kepada guru dan penjual sekitar sekolah mengenai bahaya makanan jajanan yang tidak aman bagi kesehatan anak sekolah. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang cukup signifikan yaitu lebih dari 80% responden yang semula belum mengetahui mengenai keamanan makanan jajanan menjadi meningkat pengetahuan dan ketrampilannya yang semula hanya 30% responden yang dapat menjawab kuesioner dan pertanyaan yang diajukan.

Kata kunci: keamanan pangan, makanan jajanan, pendidikan
PERAN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN DAN RISIKO PELAPORAN KEUANGAN DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KOMITE MANAJEMEN RISIKO YANG TERPISAH
Authors: Arifina Yessi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study examines the effect of board size, board independence, financial reporting risk, firm complexity, and firm size on the formation of risk management committees apart from audit committee. This study predicts the increasing number of board of size improve the supervisory function and encourage the formation of separate risk management committees. The higher the independence of the board of commissioners, the better the supervision will be and encourage the formation of separate risk management committees. The larger the company's business segments the risks faced by the company will also be greater and this will encourage the formation of separate risk management committees. Large companies have greater responsibility to shareholders than small companies. Therefore, companies are required to perform more effective oversight functions. This will encourage companies to form separate risk management committees. The results show that board size has a positive effect on the formation of separate risk management committees. Financial reporting risk negatively affect the formation of separate risk management committees. Mean while board independence, company complexity, and firm size have no effect on the formation of separate risk management committees.
O Porto como lugar de passagem: "Confluência das águas" | The Port as a place of passage: “Confluence of waters"
Authors: Panek Bernadette Maria , Favero Sandra Maria Correia 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por meta pensar e discorrer sobre as passagens no evento Pure Print Porto Alegre, Brasil, novembro de 2018, acontecido no Instituto de Artes na Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. O evento se configurou como intercâmbio de investigações artísticas, o qual teve como princípio norteador o Guaíba. Propõe-se o conceito geográfico de porto como lugar de troca enquanto envolve o ato de entregar para receber. Com a proposta da convergência de águas, o encontro evidencia uma estratégia através da experiência das contaminações, uma vez que propõe limites e dificuldades. Este artigo parte dos conceitosapresentados por Roland Barthes sobre o Viver-Junto. Além disso, cita alguns princípios das pesquisas voltadas à arte relacional propostas na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina pelo professor José Luiz Kinceler e seus alunos, e faz menção às ideias trazidas por Peter Pál Pelbert sobre a cartografia da grupalidade, quando ele discorre sobre a formação de grupos de trabalho, cujo elo, aqui, seria a área da imagem impressa que parte do modo tradicional de elaboração da gravura, porém chega às subversões naquilo que cada artista busca como imagem. Dez artistas professoras de artes visuais propõem um trabalho em grupo, cada uma mantendo suas particularidades na apresentação das pesquisas que lhe competem.
Problematic Issues in the Protection of the Rights of European Investors in Corporate Relationships in Ukraine
Authors: Yarymovych Uliana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An unfavorable investment climate, especially in the sphere of corporate relationships, necessitates the revision of investment and corporate legislation in Ukraine. The purposes of this study are to reveal the particular legislative defects and the practical problems caused by these defects that European investors may face during the realization of their corporate rights in Ukraine and to evaluate how Ukrainian investment law, particularly legal norms aimed at protection of investors’ rights, corresponds to international (European) standards. This research identifies gaps and contradictions in Ukrainian legislation in the sphere of corporate investment that cause difficulties in practical applications and attempts to find ways to solve these problems. This paper argues that most problems caused by legislative contradictions can be solved by using the rule of the correlation of general and special normative legal acts, unlike legislative gaps, which must be eliminated by appropriate legislative amendments.
Human Rights and Fishing: A Multidimensional Challenge
Authors: Kirchner Stefan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the last few years, it has been recognized more and more that human rights also play a role in the maritime sector. Human rights violations at sea are easy to overlook because they happen largely out of sight of most of society and they are based often on the structural power imbalances between seafarers or coastal residents and ship operators or far-away flag states. This article reveals some of the relationships between different actors and the potential for human rights violations in the maritime context. The article highlights the role and limitations of international law in this context. It will also be shown how different state and non-state actors, including consumers, can contribute to strengthening the protection of human rights at sea.
Analysis of the investments intervention effect from operational programmes upon the R&D infrastructure of the Czech public universities
Authors: Růžička Vlastimil , Vondrák Tomáš 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn analysis of the investments intervention effect from operational programmes in the programming period 2007–2013 upon the R&D infrastructure of the Czech public universities is presented. The analysis was based upon publicly available data, universities´ annual economic reports, and evaluations and analyses. A few indicators have been selected to quantify the effect of significant extension and upgrade of the universities´ R&D infrastructure where investments from structural funds amounted to 36 % of the universities´ total R&D expenditure. The effect of the financial intervention upon the performance in basic research was evaluated firstly by making use of the increase of publications number in impacted journals in the time windows 2009–2011 and 2015–2017, i.e. before the effective launch of the interventions, and after their termination. The share of foreign public funds (structural funds excluded) in the total R&D expenditure was the second indicator used. The effect upon the applied research performance was evaluated by comparing the difference of the number of patents and by the change in the share of private sources in the R&D expenditure. The analyses show an increase of the number of publications whereas the change in the share of the foreign public funds in the total R&D expenditure did not induce any positive trend. In parallel with the number of publications, the number of patents increased, too. The change in the share of the private sources in the R&D expenditure was unequivocally associated with a positive trend, especially in the out-of-Prague technical universities. For a more robust evaluation of the effect of the interventions financed by the structural funds an analogous analysis should be carried out after a longer time than the mere three years after the termination of the interventions.
Effect of thermal annealing on structural and optical properties of In doped Ge-Se-Te chalcogenide thin films
Authors: Singh Pravin Kumar , Tripathi S.K. , Dwivedi D.K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thin films of Ge10–xSe60Te30Inx (x = 0, 2, 4 and 6) were developed by thermal evaporation technique. The annealing effect on the structural properties of Ge10–xSe60Te30Inx (x = 0, 2, 4 and 6) films has been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results indicate amorphous nature of the as-prepared films whereas crystalline phases in annealed films were identified. Structural parameters such as average crystallite size, strain, and dislocation were determined for different annealing temperatures. Effect of annealing on optical constants of prepared films has been explored using UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1000 nm. Various optical constants were determined depending on annealing temperature. It has been noticed that the film transparency and optical bandgap Eg have been reduced whereas the absorption coefficient α and extinction coefficient k increased with increasing annealing temperature. It was found that the prepared samples obey the allowed direct transition. The reduction in optical bandgap with annealing temperature has been described by Mott and Davis model. Due to annealing dependence of the optical parameters, the investigated material could be utilized for phase change memory devices.
Unprotected Data: Review of Internet Enabled Psychological and Information Warfare
Authors: Garcia Martinez Francisco , Dawson Maurice 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Since the last elections in the United States, France, and other nations, fake news has become a tool to manipulate voters. This creation of fake news creates a problem that ripples through an entire society creating division. However, the media has not scrutinized enough on data misuse. Daily it appears that there are breaches causing millions of users to have their personal information taken, exposed, and sold on the Dark Web in exchange of encrypted currencies. Recently, news has surfaced of major social media sites allowing emails to be read without user consent. These issues bring upon concern for the misuse of data and more importantly, how can this be used for information warfare and the exploitation of targeted groups through the use of the Internet. It is essential that organizations continuously review current data policies to ensure that they do not become victims of information warfare.