bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Specific Biomaterial Accumulation in Human Peri‐Implant Bone and Bone Marrow
Authors: Schoon Janosch , Hesse Bernhard , Rakow Anastasia , Ort Melanie J. , Lagrange Adrien , Jacobi Dorit , Winter Annika , Huesker Katrin , Reinke Simon , Cotte Marine , Tucoulou Remi , Marx Uwe , Perka Carsten , Duda Georg N. , Geissler Sven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetallic implants are frequently used in medicine to support and replace degenerated tissues. Implant loosening due to particle exposure remains a major cause for revision arthroplasty. The exact role of metal debris in sterile peri‐implant inflammation is controversial, as it remains unclear whether and how metals chemically alter and potentially accumulate behind an insulating peri‐implant membrane, in the adjacent bone and bone marrow (BM). An intensively focused and bright synchrotron X‐ray beam allows for spatially resolving the multi‐elemental composition of peri‐implant tissues from patients undergoing revision surgery. In peri‐implant BM, particulate cobalt (Co) is exclusively co‐localized with chromium (Cr), non‐particulate Cr accumulates in the BM matrix. Particles consisting of Co and Cr contain less Co than bulk alloy, which indicates a pronounced dissolution capacity. Particulate titanium (Ti) is abundant in the BM and analyzed Ti nanoparticles predominantly consist of titanium dioxide in the anatase crystal phase. Co and Cr but not Ti integrate into peri‐implant bone trabeculae. The characteristic of Cr to accumulate in the intertrabecular matrix and trabecular bone is reproducible in a human 3D in vitro model. This study illustrates the importance of updating the view on long‐term consequences of biomaterial usage and reveals toxicokinetics within highly sensitive organs.
Soybean growth and incidence of soil‐borne fungi as influenced by metribuzin
Authors: Priess Grant L. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trenton L. , Spurlock Terry N. , Gbur Edward E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoybean injury following an application of metribuzin soon after planting can occur under cool, wet conditions, especially for varieties that lack a high level of tolerance to the herbicide. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Fayetteville, AR, to evaluate the impacts of metribuzin at 0, 280, 560, 840, and 1,120 g ai ha−1 on soybean growth and incidence of soil‐borne fungi. Three classes of metribuzin tolerance (sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant) were evaluated based on a previous screen. In both years, visible injury to soybean was impacted by varietal tolerance and metribuzin rate. As metribuzin rate and soybean sensitivity increased, more injury was observed. Metribuzin applied at 280, 840, and 1,120 g ha−1 in 2017 and only 1,120 g ha−1 in 2018 reduced soybean plant population, averaged across varieties, by 12, 23, 23, and 11%, respectively. Averaged over site years, metribuzin at 1,120 g ha−1 delayed the sensitive soybean cultivars from reaching 20, 40, 60, and 80% groundcover by 11, 12, 9, and 5 days, respectively, compared to the nontreated. Metribuzin‐moderately tolerant and metribuzin‐tolerant varieties did not suffer any delays in canopy formation. In both site years, the sensitive variety had a yield loss up to 21% following metribuzin at 1,120 g ha−1 when compared to the nontreated. Metribuzin did not impact colonization of soybean in either site year by microorganisms in the genus Acrophilaphora, Collectotrichum, Didymella, Fusarium, Pythium, Macrophomina, Phomopsis, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus, and Trichoderma. Delays in canopy formation can be mitigated through appropriate variety selection.
Effects of cutting frequency of tall fescue on cadmium form in soil and cadmium enrichment in the plant
Authors: Yang Zhehan , Xue Bohan , Li Na , Song Guilong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCutting is a common practice for turfgrass culture and maintenance, and it may affect cadmium (Cd) uptake and enrichment due to the removal and regrowth of aboveground parts. The objective of this study was to determine how cutting frequency affects Cd form in the soil and its enrichment and distribution in clippings, stubble and roots. In this study, ‘K‐31’ tall fescue (Festuca elata L.) plants were grown in soils containing different amounts of Cd (0, 5, 25 and 50 mg kg−1) and cut at three different frequencies (no cutting, one cutting, two cuttings and five cuttings in two weeks). The cutting treatment caused a significant decrease in the soil pH, and it promoted Cd absorption by roots and Cd transfer to stubble. Increasing the cutting frequency increased acid‐soluble and reducible Cd content in soil, and the Cd content in the stubble and roots increased significantly and peaked at five cuttings. Cutting treatment exacerbated changes in plant ultrastructure under Cd stress as the chloroplasts of clippings swelled and the number of plastoglobuli in chloroplasts increased. Our study demonstrated that cutting frequency affects the conversion of Cd forms in the soil, promotes Cd absorption in roots, promotes Cd transport to stubble and exacerbates Cd stress on plants.
Clinical outcome of laparoscopic vs open right hemicolectomy for colon cancer: A propensity score matching analysis of the Japanese National Clinical Database
Authors: Matsuda Takeru , Endo Hideki , Inomata Masafumi , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kumamaru Hiraku , Miyata Hiroaki , Sakai Yoshiharu , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Kitagawa Yuko , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe advantages of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy over open surgery for colon cancer in general clinical practice are debated, as evidenced by the continued use of open surgery in a significant proportion of patients worldwide. This study aimed to assess and compare the clinical outcome of laparoscopic and open right hemicolectomy for colon cancer using data from the Japanese National Clinical Database.MethodsA total of 72 299 patients who underwent laparoscopic (n = 46 084) and open (n = 26 215) right hemicolectomy for colon cancer between 2014 and 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Short‐term outcome was compared between groups using propensity score matching analysis.ResultsThe incidence of overall postoperative morbidity ≥ Clavien‐Dindo classification grade 3 was significantly higher in the open surgery group than the laparoscopic group (4.7% vs 3.2%, P < .001). The incidence of most individual morbidities, including surgical site infection, anastomotic leakage, and ileus, was higher in the open surgery group. Short‐term outcomes, including intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, reoperation rate, 30‐day mortality, and in‐hospital mortality, were superior in the laparoscopic group, except for operative time. Subgroup analyses showed that the incidence of postoperative morbidity was lower in the laparoscopic group for all prespecified subgroups.ConclusionLaparoscopic right hemicolectomy has an advantage over open surgery for colon cancer with respect to short‐term outcome.
Insight into water lubrication performance of polyetheretherketone
Authors: Wu Zumin , Guo Zhiwei , Yuan Chengqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a kind of polymer with excellent mechanical properties combined with good wear resistance and has been widely used in the engineering field. In order to explore the possibility for PEEK using as a water‐lubricated bearing material, an in‐depth study on the water lubrication performance of PEEK was conducted by using a series of experiments. The water lubrication performances combined with the lubricating mechanism were evaluated both by the friction coefficient and by the wear behavior of PEEK. The results indicated that PEEK was suitable for water‐lubricated bearing productions. The water film could form effectively between the friction pairs under high sliding velocity, while the transfer film could form under low sliding velocity. Both the water film and the transfer film could improve the water lubrication performance for the friction pairs. Moreover, sliding velocities and contact pressures highly influence the water lubrication performance of PEEK. The increase in contact pressure or the decrease in sliding velocity would exacerbate the wear of material. The stick–slip phenomena also occurred on the specimens under low sliding velocity. The main purpose of this study is to provide an experimental basis for PEEK using as a water‐lubricated bearing material.
Origin of stress and birefringence generation at hot‐stretching of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing low‐molecular‐weight compound
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayuki , Miyashita Maho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe simultaneous measurements of stress and birefringence during hot‐stretching, and after the cessation of stretching, were performed using a miscible blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and 10 wt% of 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (which is commonly known as 5CB). The birefringence of the blend exhibited anomalous behavior during stretching, that is, it initially decreased, then rapidly increased to a positive value. A concave curve with a minimum birefringence was prominent at low temperatures, during which PMMA determined birefringence. After passing the yield point, which corresponded to the minimum birefringence, the birefringence increased in proportion to the applied stress. That is to say, the stress‐optical coefficient remained constant. In this region, the 5CB molecules oriented themselves with the PMMA chains, that is, there was nematic interaction. After stretching ceased, the stress initially decreased rapidly; during this period, the stress‐optical coefficient was determined mainly by the deformation of PMMA, that is, glassy component. Subsequently, the orientation relaxation of 5CB, which occurred with the orientation relaxation of PMMA chains in the stage with a long time region, determined the birefringence. These results demonstrated that nematic interaction does not occur when inelastic deformation is governed.
Not that kind of tree: Assessing the potential for decision tree–based plant identification using trait databases
Authors: Almeida Brianna K. , Garg Manish , Kubat Miroslav , Afkhami Michelle E. 
Published: August 2020

PremiseAdvancements in machine learning and the rise of accessible “big data” provide an important opportunity to improve trait‐based plant identification. Here, we applied decision‐tree induction to a subset of data from the TRY plant trait database to (1) assess the potential of decision trees for plant identification and (2) determine informative traits for distinguishing taxa.MethodsDecision trees were induced using 16 vegetative and floral traits (689 species, 20 genera). We assessed how well the algorithm classified species from test data and pinpointed those traits that were important for identification across diverse taxa.ResultsThe unpruned tree correctly placed 98% of the species in our data set into genera, indicating its promise for distinguishing among the species used to construct them. Furthermore, in the pruned tree, an average of 89% of the species from the test data sets were properly classified into their genera, demonstrating the flexibility of decision trees to also classify new species into genera within the tree. Closer inspection revealed that seven of the 16 traits were sufficient for the classification, and these traits yielded approximately two times more initial information gain than those not included.DiscussionOur findings demonstrate the potential for tree‐based machine learning and big data in distinguishing among taxa and determining which traits are important for plant identification.
Predation on native fish eggs by invasive round goby revealed by species‐specific gut content DNA analyses
Authors: Lutz Elisabeth , Hirsch Philipp Emanuel , Bussmann Karen , Wiegleb Joschka , Jermann Hans‐Peter , Muller Roxane , Burkhardt‐Holm Patricia , Adrian‐Kalchhauser Irene 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Conservation of riverine fish often aims to improve access to spawning grounds and restore longitudinal connectivity by removing migration barriers, and involves substantial investments. However, these investments also enable non‐native predators to invade upstream into spawning areas and potentially adversely affect the recruitment of threatened freshwater fish through egg or fry predation.
Detecting egg predation is often challenging. Visual inspections of fish gut contents may underestimate predation of soft materials such as eggs and fry, which limits the discovery of predators preying upon these life‐stages. DNA‐based detection assays may offer a more sensitive tool to assess predation of soft materials.
A conservation issue was confirmed by developing and applying a species‐specific DNA‐based detection assay: invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) prey on the eggs or fry of the threatened common nase (Chondrostoma nasus) in Switzerland.
DNA‐based detection assays were also developed for five other valuable native fish species, including endangered salmonid and cyprinid river spawners. The applicability of the assays was confirmed in a series of laboratory and field feeding experiments involving eggs and fish tissue. In addition, this work provides a guiding framework for conservation managers regarding the use and applicability of different DNA‐based detection approaches for gut content analysis.
The results of this study could inform local conservation measures – such as temporary reductions in the density of round goby at spawning sites prior to spawning – and demonstrate how targeted application of species‐specific molecular markers may advance freshwater fish management.
Global‐scale genetic structure of a cosmopolitan cold‐water coral species
Authors: Addamo Anna Maria , Miller Karen J. , Häussermann Vreni , Taviani Marco , Machordom Annie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

When considering widely distributed marine organisms with low dispersal capabilities, there is often an implication that the distribution of cosmopolitan species is an artefact of taxonomy, constrained by the absence of characters for delimiting either sibling or cryptic species. Few studies have assessed the relationship among populations across the global range of the species' distribution, and the presence of oceanographic barriers that might influence gene flow among populations are underestimated.

In this study, evolutionary and ecological drivers of connectivity patterns have been inferred among populations of the cold‐water coral Desmophyllum dianthus, a common and widespread solitary scleractinian species, whose reproduction strategy and larval dispersal are still poorly unknown.

The genetic structure of D. dianthus was explored using 30 microsatellites in 347 specimens from 13 localities distributed in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Results clearly reveal genetically differentiated populations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (FST = 0.16, FSC = 0.01, FCT = 0.15, P‐values highly significant), and Chilean and New Zealand populations with independent genetic profiles.

Marine connectivity patterns at different spatial scales are discussed to characterize larval dispersal and gene flow through the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Evaluation of hydrolytic enzyme activities from digestive fluids of Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Ben Guerrero Emiliano , Salvador Ricardo , Talia Paola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, is a major pest of cotton crops in South America. In this work, partial biochemical characterizations of (hemi) cellulases and pectinases activities in the digestive system (head‐ and gut‐ extracts) of A. grandis were evaluated. Gut extract section from third instar larvae exhibited endoglucanase, xylanase, β‐glucosidase, and pectinase activities. The endoglucanase and xylanase activities were localized in the foregut, whereas β‐glucosidase activity was mainly detected in the hindgut. In addition, no difference in pectinase activity was observed across the gut sections. Thus, A. grandis digestive system is a potentially interesting reservoir for further lignocellulolytic enzymes research.
Chemoselective On‐surface Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Exogenous Cupric Ions
Authors: Yue JieYu , Fan Wei , Chen Ting , Wang ZhaoHui , Wang Dong , Wan LiJun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe on‐surface coupling reactions of terminal alkynes catalyzed by exogenous cupric ions on chemically inert highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface have been investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy. In the presence of exogenous cupric ions, diyne‐linked nanostructures generated via homocoupling of terminal alkynes are the exclusive products, whereas no coupling reaction occurs for the terminal alkynes on the surface in the absence of the cupric ions, suggesting that exogenous cupric ions are efficient to catalyze the highly chemoselective on‐surface reaction of terminal alkynes. The HOPG surface displays a template effect to the growth and alignment of the products on the surface. As a result, 2D arrays of diyne‐linked zigzag polymers and 2D diyne‐linked porous polymers are fabricated from ditopic monomer 3,6‐diethynylcarbazole and tritopic monomer 1,3,5‐tris‐(4‐ethynylphenyl) benzene, respectively. This synthetic strategy combining the high selectivity of cupric ion catalyst as well as the template effect of on‐surface synthesis approach could be a general strategy to fabricate diyne‐linked nanostructures and nanomaterials on solid surfaces.
Parametric optimization and kinetic study of l‐lactic acid production by homologous batch fermentation of Lactobacillus pentosus cells
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Huang Jiaqi , Jiang Shaoming , Zhang Jing , Zhang Quanquan , Ning Yuchen , Fang Mudannan , Liu Shijie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParametric optimization always plays important roles in bioengineering systems to obtain a high product yield under the proper conditions. The parametric conditions of lactic acid production by homologous batch fermentation of Lactobacillus pentosus cells was optimized by the Box–Behnken design. The highest l‐lactic acid yield was obtained as 0.836 ± 0.003 g/g glucose with the productivity of 0.906 ± 0.003 g/(L × H) under the optimum conditions of 34.7 °C, pH 6.2, 148 rpm agitation speed, and 9.3 g/L nitrogen source concentration determined by quadratic response surface with high accuracy. The adequate kinetic models of cell growth rate, lactic production rate, and glucose consumption rate were also established to describe the fermentation behavior of L. pentosus cells with the correlation coefficients of 09985, 0.9990, and 0.9989, respectively.
Modeling shows high potential of folic acid‐fortified salt to accelerate global prevention of major neural tube defects
Authors: Kancherla Vijaya , Tsang Becky , Wagh Kaustubh , Dixon Meredith , Oakley Godfrey P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe estimated the global proportion of folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly (FAP SBA) potentially prevented through mandatory double fortification of iodized salt with folic acid.MethodsUsing United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and Global Fortification Data Exchange (GFDx) data sets, we modeled country‐specific number of FAP SBA cases prevented annually using (a) current coverage of the salt in households worldwide and (b) expected daily amount of folic acid intake from folic acid‐fortified iodized salt. Our evidence‐based modeling strategy assumed mandatory folic acid fortification of salt at 20 ppm, and that at 200 μg/day intake of folic acid through fortified salt, should achieve 100% prevention of all FAP SBA in countries.ResultsOne hundred countries that have data on percent of households consuming iodized salt globally were examined; 55 of them have ≥80% households consuming iodized salt. Our model estimated approximately 180,000 cases of FAP SBA could be prevented in these 100 countries through folic acid‐fortified iodized salt, and 150,000 of them would be in countries where ≥80% households consuming iodized salt that can be potentially fortified with folic acid. Salt fortification with folic acid could contribute to the prevention of about 65% global FAP SBA cases annually.ConclusionsOur evidence‐based model shows that there is high potential to prevent FAP SBA using folic acid‐fortified iodized salt. Prevention will reach countries where there is a limited reach of centrally processed folic acid‐fortified wheat or maize flour. If this intervention is made feasible by the salt industry, it can accelerate the prevention of FAP SBA significantly.
A DFT study of structure and stability of pleated and rippled cross‐β sheets with hydrophobic sidechains
Authors: Raskatov Jevgenij A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rippled cross‐β sheet, a topography, in which mirror‐image peptides are arranged with alternating chirality into a periodic two‐dimensional network, is burgeoning as a new design principle for materials and biomedical applications. Experiments by the Schneider, Nilsson, and Raskatov labs have independently shown diverse racemic mixtures of aggregation‐prone peptide of different sizes to favor the rippled over the pleated topography. Yet, systematic ab initio studies are lacking, and the field is yet to develop rules that would enable the design of new rippled cross‐β frameworks from first principles. Here, DFT calculations were performed on a set of model systems, designed to begin understanding the impact that bulky, hydrophobic sidechains have upon the formation of pleated and rippled cross‐β frameworks. It is hoped that this study will help stimulate the development of a predictive, general framework to enable rational design of rippled cross‐β sheets in the future.
Quality of concept maps is affected by map building strategies
Authors: Srivastava Anveshna , Srivastava Nisheeth , Chandrasekharan Sanjay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConcept‐maps are widely used to assess students' conceptual understanding in different subject areas. Conventionally, it is mostly built maps which are assessed. In this study, we explore if “concept‐mapping” could be used as a case for constructive alignment of both the process and the outcome of learning. Specifically, we have studied how a simple measure of looking at the order in which concept map elements‐concepts (cards, C), links (arrows, A), and linking phrases (phrases, P)‐ are placed on the working space reveals information about the quality of the final generated map. We report findings from analysis of the concept‐mapping process in two separate groups of university students (N = 38 (18 + 20)) who were asked, individually, to build concept maps related to two separate concepts in biology and chemistry respectively. We found that, across both groups, students consistently followed the same order of element placement that they began with and found significant differences in the quality of eventual maps resulting from students' map building strategies. Our results suggest that the quality of students' concept maps depends considerably on the strategy used to build it, and point to the supplementary role that the physical working space of the concept‐mapping exercise offers to students' own working memory as a possible explanation for these quality differences.