bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligned PCL Fiber Conduits Immobilized with Nerve Growth Factor Gradients Enhance and Direct Sciatic Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Zhu Lei , Jia Shuaijun , Liu Tuanjiang , Yan Liang , Huang Dageng , Wang Zhiyuan , Chen Shi , Zhang Zhengping , Zeng Wen , Zhang Ying , Yang Hao , Hao Dingjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTopographical guidance and chemotaxis are crucial factors for peripheral nerve regeneration. This study describes the preparation of highly aligned poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fiber conduits coated with a concentration gradient of nerve growth factor (NGF) (A/G‐PCL) using a newly designed electrospinning receiving device. The A/G‐PCL conduits are confirmed in vitro to enhance and attract the neurite longitudinal growth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons toward their high‐concentration gradient side. In vivo, the A/G‐PCL conduits are observed to direct a longitudinal stronger attraction of axons and migration of Schwann cells in 15 mm rat sciatic nerve defects. At 12 weeks, rats transplanted with A/G‐PCL conduits show satisfactory morphological and functional improvements in g‐ratio, total number, and area of myelinated nerve fibers as well as the sciatic function index, compound muscle action potentials, and muscle wet weight ratio as compared to aligned PCL fibers conduits with uniform NGF (A/U‐PCL). The performance of A/G‐PCL is similar to that of autografts. Moreover, mRNA‐seq and RT‐PCR results reveal that Rap1, MAPK, and cell adhesion molecules signaling pathways are closely associated with axon chemotactic response and attraction. Altogether, by combining structural guidance with axon chemotaxis, the NGF‐gradient/aligned PCL fiber conduits represent a promising approach for peripheral nerve defect repair.
Near‐Infrared Chemiluminescent Reporters for In Vivo Imaging of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Kidneys
Authors: Huang Jingsheng , Huang Jiaguo , Cheng Penghui , Jiang Yuyan , Pu Kanyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the superior sensitivity of chemiluminescence over fluorescence, most chemiluminescence reporters only emit visible light, and have low water solubility, making them poorly equipped for in vivo imaging applications. Herein two near‐infrared (NIR) chemiluminescent reporters (NCRs) with high renal clearance for real‐time imaging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the kidneys are synthesized. NCRs comprise a β‐cyclodextrin unit and a modified dicyanomethylene‐4H‐pyran containing Schaap's dioxetane as the renal‐clearance enabler and the chemiluminescent moiety, respectively. NCR1 and NCR2 specifically activate their NIR chemiluminescence towards superoxide anion (O2•−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), respectively. By virtue of their nanomolar sensitivity and high renal clearance, NCRs not only detect subtle upregulation of endogenous RONS in cells but also enable noninvasive monitoring of RONS in the kidneys under nephrotoxic exposure. The earlier activation of NCR1 relative to NCR2 implies the sequential upregulation of O2•− and ONOO− during drug‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Moreover, detection of the fluorescence of excreted NCRs permits urinalysis of AKI, detecting the upregulation of RONS at least 24 h earlier than histological analysis. Thus, this study not only introduces ultrasensitive NIR chemiluminescent probes but also provides guidelines to transform them into legitimate imaging agents for organ‐specific in vivo detection.
Perfectly Aligned, Air‐Suspended Nanowire Array Heater and Its Application in an Always‐On Gas Sensor
Authors: Choi Kwang‐Wook , Jo Min‐Seung , Lee Jae‐Shin , Yoo Jae‐Young , Yoon Jun‐Bo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn spite of the excellent thermal properties of nanowires, the typical form factor of unrefined nanowires has restricted their potential use in developing ultralow power electrothermal heater and application device. In this paper, a nanowire array with a perfectly aligned geometric structure on an air‐suspended beam is proposed as a novel heating element. By locally confining the generated heat and suppressing beam conduction loss to the substrate, the proposed nanowire array heater overcomes the fundamental power consumption limits of conventional film‐type microheaters. As a result, only 2.51 mW of power is required to reach an average temperature of 300 °C, surpassing the performance of state‐of‐the‐art microheaters. The developed nanowire array heater is monolithically integrated with gas sensing nanowires to demonstrate its full capability as an ultralow power gas sensor. The fabricated device successfully detects low concentration carbon monoxide gas of 1 ppm, using less than 5 mW of power. The presented technique offers a promising pathway toward realizing always‐on gas sensors driven by battery‐powered mobile devices, which will ensure a hazardous gas‐free safe environment. In addition, the proposed strategy of employing geometrically structured nanomaterials in the electrothermal heater design enables to lead out their potential thermal capability in many other applications.
From Li‐Ion Batteries toward Na‐Ion Chemistries: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Chayambuka Kudakwashe , Mulder Grietus , Danilov Dmitri L. , Notten Peter H. L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmong the existing energy storage technologies, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have unmatched energy density and versatility. From the time of their first commercialization in 1991, the growth in LIBs has been driven by portable devices. In recent years, however, large‐scale electric vehicle and stationary applications have emerged. Because LIB raw material deposits are unevenly distributed and prone to price fluctuations, these large‐scale applications have put unprecedented pressure on the LIB value chain, resulting in the need for alternative energy storage chemistries. The sodium‐ion battery (SIB) chemistry is one of the most promising “beyond‐lithium” energy storage technologies. Herein, the prospects and key challenges for the commercialization of SIBs are discussed. By comparing the technological evolutions of both LIBs and SIBs, key differences between the two battery chemistries are unraveled. Based on outstanding results in power, cyclability, and safety, the path toward SIB commercialization is seen imminent.
Domain Wall Free Polar Structure Enhanced Photodegradation Activity in Nanoscale Ferroelectric BaxSr1‐xTiO3
Authors: Wang Yaqiong , Zhang Man , Liu Jianguo , Zhang Haibin , Li Feng , Tseng Chiao‐Wei , Yang Bin , Smith Graham , Zhai Jiwei , Zhang Zhen , Dunn Steve , Yan Haixue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFerroelectric materials exhibit anomalous behavior due to the presence of domains and domain walls which are related to the spontaneous polarization inherent in the crystal structure. Control of ferroelectric domains and domain walls has been used to enhance device performances in ultrasound, pyroelectric detectors, and photovoltaic systems with renewed interest in nanostructuring for energy applications. It is also known that ferroelectrics including domain walls can double photocatalytic rate and increase carrier lifetime from microsecond to millisecond. However, there remains a lack of understanding on the different contributions of the domain and domain walls to photocatalytic activities. Herein it is found, by comparing samples of nanostructured BaxSr1‐xTiO3 with and without a polar domain, that the material with polar domains has a faster reaction rate (k = 0.18 min−1) than the nonpolar one (k = 0.11 min−1). It is further revealed that the observed enhanced photoactivity of perovskite ferroelectric materials stems from the inherent polarization of the domain instead of domain walls. Here, the new understanding of the underlying physics of materials with a spontaneous dipole opens a door to enhance the performance of light induced energy harvesting systems.
Full Defects Passivation Enables 21% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells Operating in Air
Authors: Liu Xixia , Yu Zhigen , Wang Tian , Chiu Ka Lok , Lin Fen , Gong Hao , Ding Liming , Cheng Yuanhang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe lattice defects in the bulk and on the surface of the halide perovskite layer serve as trap sites and recombination centers to annihilate photogenerated carriers, determining the performance and stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices. Herein, the previously reported surface defects passivation engineering is extended to a full defects passivation strategy through stereoscopically introducing the cysteamine hydrochloride (CSA‐Cl) in the bulk and on the surface of perovskites. First‐principle density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to theoretically verify the multiple defects passivation effect of the CAS‐Cl on the perovskite. The perovskite layer with full defects passivation exhibits superior carrier dynamics as revealed by femtosecond transient absorption due to the reduced defect density determined by a highly sensitive photothermal deflection spectroscopy technique. Consequently, a high efficiency approaching 21% is achieved for the inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). More importantly, the CAS‐Cl passivated PVSCs exhibit operation in air, which will be beneficial for the in situ device test for understanding the photophysics involved. This work provides a promising strategy to reduce the defects in both the perovskite bulk and surface for superior optoelectronic properties, facilitating the development of highly efficient and stable PVSCs and other optoelectronic devices.
Nitrogen fertilizer rate and time effect on dryland no‐till hard red spring wheat production
Authors: Walsh Olga S. , Walsh Willow L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncreasing the efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is vital for Montana growers’ sustainability and competitiveness in the market. Nitrogen fertilizer applications at the right rate and time in the growing season are important for optimizing wheat grain yield and quality. Two dryland field experiments were conducted in North Central Montana in 2014. The effects of N fertilizer rates (28, 84, and 140 kg N ha−1) and application times (seeding, tillering, jointing, and flag leaf emergence) on grain yield, test weight, protein content, protein yield, grain N uptake, and N use efficiency (NUE) were evaluated. Wheat grain yield and protein content was the highest with N fertilizer applied at 140 kg N ha−1 rate at tillering. Delaying N fertilizer until flag leaf resulted in significantly lower wheat yields and grain protein values. It is possible that higher N rates would have allowed to maximize both yield and protein content. Nitrogen use efficiency was the highest with N fertilization at tillering and jointing. Nitrogen response trials coupled with historical yield records did not provide accurate estimates of optimum N rates. Close monitoring of crop nutrient status throughout the growing season (using destructive sampling and/or crop sensors), coupled with appropriate preplant soil testing, and splitting N applications to tailor N supply with crop demand should help to improve NUE.
Combined application of nitrogen and potassium reduces seed yield loss of oilseed rape caused by Sclerotinia stem rot disease
Authors: Zhang Jianglin , Li Jing , Geng Guotao , Hu Wenshi , Ren Tao , Cong Rihuan , Li Xiaokun , Lu Jianwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a major fungal disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) that causes severe yield losses. Nutrient management is crucial for protecting crops against SSR. Two‐yr field trials combined four levels of N application (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1) and four levels of K application (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1 K2O) to investigate their interaction effects on SSR disease incidence and seed yield loss caused by SSR. Compared to the sole application of N, the combined application of N and K decreased the SSR disease incidence by 9.9–24.4 and 17.4–37.9% in 2016–2017 and 2018–2019, respectively. N application increased the severity of SSR only at lower K application rates (0 and 60 kg ha−1 K2O). Additionally, compared to the sole application of N, the co‐application of N and K dramatically decreased the total yield loss rate (TYLR), by 31.1–60.9 and 19.2–60.3% in 2016–2017 and 2018–2019, respectively. The seed yield response to N uptake was dependent on the level of K application. However, SSR disease dramatically decreased the nutrients use efficiency. Nitrogen and K supply showed synergistic interaction effects on N and K recovery efficiency. These results emphasized the importance of N and K co‐application on reducing the yield loss caused by SSR infection. For a stabilized seed yield, an adequate N (180 kg ha−1) application rate combined with a slightly high K application rate (120–180 kg ha−1) represents a feasible nutrient management strategy for oilseed rape against SSR disease.
Using point clouds to investigate the relationship between trabecular bone phenotype and behavior: An example utilizing the human calcaneus
Authors: DeMars Lily J. D. , Stephens Nicholas B. , Saers Jaap P. P. , Gordon Adam , Stock Jay T. , Ryan Timothy M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to demonstrate a new method for analyzing trabecular bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three dimensions.MethodsWe use a combination of automatic mesh registration, point‐cloud correspondence registration, and P‐value corrected univariate statistical tests to compare bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy on a point by point basis across the entire calcaneus of two human groups with different subsistence strategies.ResultsWe found that the patterns of high and low bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy distribution between the Black Earth (hunter‐gatherers) and Norris Farms (mixed‐strategy agriculturalists) are very similar, but differ in magnitude. The hunter‐gatherers exhibit higher levels of bone volume fraction and less anisotropic trabecular bone organization. Additionally, patterns of bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in the calcaneus correspond well with biomechanical expectations of relative forces experienced during walking and running.ConclusionsWe conclude that comparing site‐specific, localized differences in trabecular bone variables such as bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in three‐dimensions is a powerful analytical tool. This method makes it possible to determine where similarities and differences between groups are located within the whole skeletal element of interest. The visualization of multiple variables also provides a way for researchers to see how the trabecular bone variables interact within the morphology, and allows for a more nuanced understanding of how they relate to one another and the broader mechanical environment.
Brachydactyly type A3 is caused by a novel 13 bp HOXD13 frameshift deletion in a Chinese family
Authors: Zhang Mengshu , Lu Likui , Wei Bin , Zhang Yingying , Li Xiang , Shi Yajun , Ge Wei , Sun Miao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBrachydactyly type A (BDA) is defined as short middle phalanges of the affected digits and is subdivided into four types (BDA1‐4). To date, the molecular cause is unknown. However, there is some evidence that pathogenic variants of HOXD13 could be associated with BDA3 and BDA4. Here, we report a Chinese autosomal dominant BDA3 pedigree with a novel HOXD13 mutation. The affected individuals presented with an obviously shorter fifth middle phalanx. The radial side of the middle phalanx was shorter than the ulnar side, and the terminal phalanx of the fifth finger inclined radially and formed classical clinodactyly. Interestingly, the index finger was normal. The initial diagnosis was BDA3. However, the distal third and fourth middle phalanges were also slightly affected, resulting in mild radial clinodactyly. Both feet showed shortening of the middle phalanges, which were fused to the distal phalanges of the second to the fifth toes, as reported in BDA4. Therefore, this pedigree had combined BDA3 and atypical BDA4. By direct sequencing, a 13 bp deletion within exon 1 of HOXD13 (NM_000523.4: c.708_720del13; NP_000514.2: p.Gly237fs) was identified. The 13 bp deletion resulted in a frameshift and premature termination of HOXD13. This study provides further evidences that variants in HOXD13 cause BDA3‐BDA4 phenotypes.
Implementation of a telestroke system for general physicians without a nearby stroke center to shorten the time to intravenous thrombolysis for acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Ochiai Hidenobu , Ohta Hajime , Kanemaru Katsuhiro , Okuyama Hironobu , Kume Shuichi , Matsuda Shuntaro , Kuroki Kazuo , Kawachi Kensuke , Takeshima Hideo 
Published: August 2020

AimWe aimed to establish a telestroke system for general physicians in areas without a nearby stroke center and investigate its usefulness for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) therapy for patients with acute cerebral infarction.MethodsWe used a hub and spoke model, in which a hub hospital provided telestroke support to the spoke hospitals in rural areas that were not nearby a stroke center. The telestroke support device enabled the sharing of images and real‐time face‐to‐face discussion with a stroke specialist for diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the effect of this telestroke system on shortening time to start rt‐PA therapy.ResultOne hub and three spoke hospitals were selected. From May 2017 to November 2018, seven patients (77.2 ± 6.3 years old) suspected to have acute cerebral infarction were treated at the spoke hospitals via this system, three of whom received intravenous rt‐PA administration by a general physician under telestroke support. If these patients would have been sent via ground ambulance to the nearby stroke center, it would have taken approximately 48 min more to administer rt‐PA.ConclusionEstablishment of a telestroke support system for general physicians in areas without a nearby stroke center was useful for promptly performing rt‐PA therapy.
Activating Versatile Mechanoluminescence in Organic Host–Guest Crystals by Controlling Exciton Transfer
Authors: Li Wenlang , Huang Qiuyi , Yang Zhan , Zhang Xiaoyue , Ma Dongyu , Zhao Juan , Xu Chao , Mao Zhu , Zhang Yi , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) materials are attracting increasing interest owing to promising applications in various areas. However, to date, it remains a major challenge to develop a precise and universal route to achieving organic ML materials. Herein, we show that ML can be easily realized in organic piezophotonic host–guest crystals, under conditions in which neither the host nor the guest is ML‐active. The experimental and theoretical results reveal that excitons of the host generated by piezoelectricity can be harvested effectively by the guest for light emission, owing to the restraint of intersystem crossing process. Moreover, different host–guest crystals are constructed, wherein the emission color, intensity, color purity, and emission duration of ML can be manipulated. This work deepens our understanding of organic ML generation in piezophotonic host–guest crystals and provides an inspiring principle to design more organic ML materials.
Precisely Controlled Multidimensional Covalent Frameworks: Polymerization of Supramolecular Colloids
Authors: Li Yongguang , Wu Shanshan , Zhang Lingling , Xu Xin , Fang Yajun , Yi Juzhen , Kim Jehan , Shen Bowen , Lee Myongsoo , Huang Liping , Zhang Liwei , Bao Junhui , Ji Hongbing , Huang Zhegang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRapid and selective removal of micropollutants from water is important for the reuse of water resources. Despite hollow frameworks with specific functionalized porous walls for the selective adsorption based on a series of interactions, tailoring a stable shape of nanometer‐ and micrometer‐sized architectures for the removal of specific pollutants remains a challenge. Here, exactly controlled sheets, tubes, and spherical frameworks were presented from the crosslinking of supramolecular colloids in polar solvents. The frameworks strongly depended on the architecture of original supramolecular colloids. As the entropy of colloids increased, the initial laminar framework rolled up into hollow tubules, and then further curled into hollow spheres. These shape‐persistent frameworks showed unprecedented selectivity as well as specific recognition for the shape of pollutants, thus contributing to efficient pollutant separation.
Preparation and characterization of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate/expanded graphite phase change energy storage composites
Authors: Lu Mengyao , Zhang Xuelai , Ji Jun , Zhang Yongyichuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of high supercooling, poor thermal conductivity and phase separation after repeated use of Na2S2O3·5H2O with additives. In this paper, Na2S2O3·5H2O is used as the matrix phase change material, and 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 3% SrCl2·6H2O, and 10% expanded graphite (EG) are added to prepare the modified Na2S2O3·5H2O composite phase change energy storage material. Based on the existing research, the effects of reducing supercooling, improving thermal conductivity, and improving stability are further optimized. The phase change temperature, supercooling degree, heat release time, phase change latent heat, and thermal conductivity of the material are tested by temperature data acquisition instrument, differential scanning calorimeter, hot disk thermal constant analyzer, and other instruments. The effect of EG on the thermal conductivity of the Na2S2O3·5H2O composite phase change energy storage material was explored from the microstructure through a digital scanning electron microscope; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the composition of the composite phase change materials. After 200 cycles of melting and solidification, the improved composite phase change material has a phase change temperature of 43.49°C, a supercooling degree of 2.19°C, a phase change latent heat of 198.7 J/g, and a thermal conductivity of 3.42 W/m·K. Composite phase change material shows good thermal stability and provides strong support for phase change energy storage technology.
Effect of fused deposition modeling process parameters on the mechanical properties of recycled polyethylene terephthalate parts
Authors: Bakır Ali Alperen , Atik Resul , Özerinç Sezer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) filaments made of recycled materials are desirable for environmentally friendly and sustainable manufacturing of prototypes and load‐bearing components in many applications. We investigate the effect of FDM process parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed parts made of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) filaments. Increasing the nozzle temperature from 230°C to 260°C improves the strength of the specimens by 100%. Using a raster orientation parallel to the loading direction improves the ductility by more an order of magnitude. Specimen orientation and infill ratio also influence the mechanical properties. The temperature and the orientation effects are related to the quality of fusion between the printed lines. A modified Gibson‐Ashby model correctly predicts the strength as a function of the infill ratio. Through the optimization of process parameters, the mechanical strength of 3D‐printed rPET structures can reach that of injection‐molded PET, making FDM a suitable manufacturing technique for load‐bearing applications.