bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for educators in supporting student learning in the midst of COVID‐19
Authors: Minkos Marlena L. , Gelbar Nicholas W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 has presented a period of unprecedented challenge for schools in the United States. Thousands of school buildings across the country were closed in the spring of 2020 through the end of the school year to slow the spread of the global pandemic. Plans to reopen schools in many states remain uncertain as the virus continues to spread across communities. Current and future challenges are complex, with significant impacts on the global economy, health care system, and overall well‐being. When schools reopen, students will present with a wide variety of academic and social‐emotional needs, and schools will need to mindfully adjust systems and practices to meet the needs of their unique student population. This paper provides educators with suggestions on how to adapt existing multitiered systems of support using a trauma‐informed lens to support students during this unusual time.
A Microfluidic Chip for Efficient Circulating Tumor Cells Enrichment, Screening, and Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: Shi Fanghao , Jia Fei , Wei Zewen , Ma Yan , Fang Zhiguo , Zhang Weikai , Hu Zhiyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle‐cell RNA sequencing on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) proves useful to study mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity, metastasis, and drug resistance. Currently, single‐cell RNA sequencing of CTCs usually takes three prerequisite steps: enrichment of CTCs from whole blood, characterization of captured cells by immunostaining and microscopic imaging, and single‐cell isolation through micromanipulation. However, multiple pipetting and transferring steps can easily cause the loss of rare CTCs. To address this issue, a novel integrated microfluidic chip for sequential enrichment, isolation, and characterization of CTCs at single‐cell level, is developed. And, single CTC lysis is achieved on the same chip. The microfluidic chip includes functions of blood clot filtration, single‐cell isolation, identification, and target single‐cell lysate collection. By spiking tumor cells into whole blood, it is validated that this microfluidic chip can effectively conduct single‐cell CTCs RNA sequencing. The approach lays a solid foundation for the analysis of RNA expression profiling of single‐cell CTCs.
Cystic fibrosis with non‐G551D gating mutations in Italy: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics
Authors: Salvatore Donatello , Carnovale Vincenzo , Majo Fabio , Padoan Rita , Salvatore Marco , Taruscio Domenica , Amato Annalisa , Ferrari Gianluca , Campagna Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gating mutations (GMs) result in CFTR that is present at the cell surface but nonfunctional. Patients with the G551D mutation, the most prevalent worldwide, have been well studied. Italian GM patients have mainly non‐G551D mutations. We studied their epidemiology and clinical characteristics in the period spanning the pre/post ivacaftor introduction to the Italian market.MethodsData from the Italian CF Registry were used to describe patients with GMs and compare them with F508del homozygous (F/F) patients.ResultsIn total, 186 patients with GMs (median [range] age, 21.96 [0.13–63.38] years) were identified among the 5552 patients included in the study (3.3%). They had lower sweat chloride values at diagnosis than the F/F and a lower ratio of males. In the GM group, examining the data of the years 2012 and 2017 and comparing with F/F, lung infection by Staphylococcus aureus and diabetes became less prevalent, and better FEV1 and nutritional status were observed in 2017. The cross‐sectional evaluation year‐by‐year from 2012 to 2017 of the GM group showed improving trends in lung function and body mass index, and the decreasing prevalence of diabetes compared with F/F. Longitudinal evaluation of GM patients showed improvement in percent predicted (pp)FEV1 and nutrition in the 2012–2017 period. These variations correspond to the introduction of treatment with the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor (2014/2015).ConclusionsItalian patients with GMs are few and are characterized by milder phenotypes than F/F patients. Improved outcomes are likely influenced by treatment with ivacaftor.
Mechanisms of a Sustained Anti‐inflammatory Drug Response in Alveolar Macrophages Unraveled with Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Nyman Elin , Lindh Maria , Lövfors William , Simonsson Christian , Persson Alexander , Eklund Daniel , Bäckström Erica , Fridén Markus , Cedersund Gunnar 
Published: November 2020

Both initiation and suppression of inflammation are hallmarks of the immune response. If not balanced, the inflammation may cause extensive tissue damage, which is associated with common diseases, e.g., asthma and atherosclerosis. Anti‐inflammatory drugs come with side effects that may be aggravated by high and fluctuating drug concentrations. To remedy this, an anti‐inflammatory drug should have an appropriate pharmacokinetic half‐life or better still, a sustained anti‐inflammatory drug response. However, we still lack a quantitative mechanistic understanding of such sustained effects. Here, we study the anti‐inflammatory response to a common glucocorticoid drug, dexamethasone. We find a sustained response 22 hours after drug removal. With hypothesis testing using mathematical modeling, we unravel the underlying mechanism—a slow release of dexamethasone from the receptor–drug complex. The developed model is in agreement with time‐resolved training and testing data and is used to simulate hypothetical treatment schemes. This work opens up for a more knowledge‐driven drug development to find sustained anti‐inflammatory responses and fewer side effects.
Evaluation of a roughness length parametrization accounting for wind–wave alignment in a coupled atmosphere–wave model
Authors: Porchetta S. , Temel O. , Warner J.C. , Muñoz‐Esparza D. , Monbaliu J. , van Beeck J. , van Lipzig N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe importance of wind energy as an alternative energy source has increased over the latest years with more focus on offshore winds. A good estimation of the offshore winds is thus of major importance for this industry. Up to now the effect of the wind–wave (mis)alignment has not yet been taken into account in coupled atmosphere–wave models to study the vertical wind profile and power production estimations of offshore wind farms. In this study the roughness length parametrization of Drennan et al. in 2003, and its extension addressing the wind–wave (mis)alignment proposed by Porchetta et al. in 2019, are investigated in the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) model. This study shows that the yearly mean wind estimation at hub height (100 m) is improved by the roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. compared to Drennan. This is mainly due to the increased roughness of the former parametrization compare to the latter, even in aligned wind–wave conditions. This difference in roughness is caused by the dataset used to obtain the constants, deep‐water conditions versus mixed offshore conditions. Moreover, the roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. performs better in two of three alignment categories. Furthermore, similar model performances are obtained if we exclude the wind directions from the wind shadow zone of the measurement mast or the wind directions from the recently built Alpha Ventus wind farm, which is in close vicinity of the measurement mast. Investigating different wind conditions shows that the new roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. performs best for both offshore and onshore winds. Additionally, we show that the coupled model estimations of the vertical wind are only slightly affected by significant wave height estimations. Similar model performances for different accuracies of significant wave height estimations are presented. One exception is the perpendicular alignment category where the new roughness length of Porchetta et al. outperforms the roughness length of Drennan when investigating the wind estimations related to significant wave heights with a higher accuracy. The roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. reduced the power production overestimation of the coupled model from 5.7 to 2.8%. We also show that the standalone atmospheric model including the roughness length of Charnock in 1955 has a degraded performance compared to the coupled model including the roughness length parametrization of Porchetta et al. for yearly average wind profiles.
Phase I process monitoring: The case of the balanced one‐way random effects model
Authors: Yao Yuhui , Chakraborti Subhabrata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhase I is crucial for the success of the overall statistical process control (SPC) and monitoring regime. Shewhart‐type charts are recommended in this phase because of their broader shift detection ability. In this paper, a Phase I Shewhart‐type chart is considered for the balanced random effects (also called a variance components) model. The proposed methodology takes proper account of the effects of parameter estimation and uses the false alarm probability (FAP) metric to design the chart. In the sequel, the corrected (adjusted) charting constants are calculated and tabulated. The constant can be found, on demand, from an accompanying R package. Motivations and illustrations with some real data are provided. Performance of the chart is examined in terms of in‐control robustness and detection of nonhomogeneity (out‐of‐control). The proposed chart is shown to be easily adaptable to more general models, with more variance components and nested factors, and can accommodate various estimators of variance. Thus, it enables a broader Phase I process monitoring strategy, under normality, which can be applied within the ANOVA framework applicable for many DOE models. A summary and some recommendations are provided.
Fluoroscopy time analysis of a prospective, multi‐centre study comparing robotic‐ and fluoroscopic‐guided placement of percutaneous pedicle screw instrumentation for short segment minimally invasive lumbar fusion surgery
Authors: Jamshidi Aria M. , Massel Dustin H. , Liounakos Jason I. , Silman Zmira , Good Christopher R. , Schroerlucke Samuel R. , Cannestra Andrew , Hsu Victor , Lim Jae , Zahrawi Faissal , Ramirez Pedro M. , Sweeney Thomas M. , Wang Michael Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs minimally invasive spine surgery becomes more widespread, concerns regarding radiation exposure to surgeons and patients alike have become a growing concern. Robotic guidance has been developed as a way to increase the accuracy of instrumentation while decreasing radiation burden.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a large, multi‐centre, prospective study comparing robotic‐guided (RG) to fluoroscopic‐guided (FG) (Multi‐centre, Partially Randomized, Controlled Trial of MIS Robotic vs. Freehand in Short Adult Degenerative Spinal Fusion Surgeries) was performed to evaluate for differences in radiation exposure between study groups.ResultsRG was associated with 78.3% (p < 0.001) and 79.8% (p < 0.001) reduction in total and per screw fluoroscopy times, respectively, as compared to FG. RG was also associated with a 50.8% (p < 0.001) reduction in total operative fluoroscopy time.ConclusionsRG was associated with significantly lower fluoroscopy times compared to FG. This suggests that utilization of robotic navigation systems may result in decreased operative radiation exposure, which is a growing concern for surgeons performing minimally invasive spine surgery.
2D Material Based Advanced Membranes for Separations in Organic Solvents
Authors: Sui Xiao , Yuan Ziwen , Yu Yanxi , Goh Kunli , Chen Yuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2D materials have shown high potentials for fabricating next‐generation membranes. To date, extensive studies have focused on the applications of 2D material membranes in gas and aqueous media. Recently, compelling opportunities emerge for 2D material membranes in separation applications in organic solvents because of their unique properties, such as ultrathin mono‐ to few‐layers, outstanding chemical resistance toward organic solvents. Hence, this review aims to provide a timely overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art of 2D material membranes focusing on their applications in organic solvent separations. 2D material membranes fabricated using graphene materials and a few representative nongraphene‐based 2D materials, including covalent organic frameworks and MXenes, are summarized. The key membrane design strategies and their effects on separation performances in organic solvents are also examined. Last, several perspectives are provided in terms of the critical challenges for 2D material membranes, including standardization of membrane performance evaluation, improving understandings of separation mechanisms, managing the trade‐off of permeability and selectivity, issues related to application versatility, long‐term stability, and fabrication scalability. This review will provide a useful guide for researchers in creating novel 2D material membranes for advancing new separation techniques in organic solvents.
Recent Developments in Resistant Starch as a Functional Food
Authors: Bede Dery , Zaixiang Lou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDietary starches are a very important nutrient in food and are also a major source of energy with direct and specific human health contributions. They have gained great attention and been widely explored owing to their functional properties and health benefits. Resistant starch as a functional food is addressed in this study, alongside its newly discovered significance to human health. The potential sources and types of resistant starch are discussed, based on recent developments. The physiological significance of these starches such as their hypoglycemic effect, prebiotic ability, colonic cancer prevention, anti‐hypercholesterolemic effects, fat accumulation reduction, and mineral absorption, as well as the application of resistant starches in the food industry based on current research is further explored.
Melatonin attenuates branch chain fatty acid induced apoptosis mediated neurodegeneration
Authors: Chaudhary Shaista , Sahu Upasana , Parvez Suhel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractValproic acid (VPA)—a short branched chain fatty acid (BCFA), is widely recognized as an anticonvulsant and a mood‐stabilizing drug, but various adverse effects of VPA have also been investigated. However, the impact of BCFAs aggregation on brain cells, in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration remains elusive. The objective of this study is to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying VPA‐induced neuronal cell death mediated by oxidative stress, and the neuroprotective role of exogenous melatonin treatment on VPA‐induced cell death. Neurotoxicity of VPA and protective role exerted by melatonin were assessed in vitro in SH‐SY5Y cells and in vivo in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum regions of Wistar rat brain. The results show that melatonin pre‐treatment protects the cells from VPA‐induced toxicity by exerting an anti‐apoptotic and anti‐inflammatory effect by regulating apoptotic proteins and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The findings of the present study emphasize novel insights of melatonin as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of neuronal dysfunction induced by VPA.
RNA‐based approaches for body fluid identification in forensic science
Authors: Lynch Courtney , Fleming Rachel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn forensic science, the identification of body fluids present in a stain can aid in the reconstruction of crime scenes and support activity‐level information in some cases. RNA‐based methods for body fluid identification address some limitations associated with conventional testing, including a lack of specificity and sample destruction. mRNA profiling by endpoint reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) is a confirmatory RNA method currently used by some forensic laboratories in casework due to the availability of capillary electrophoresis instruments. This method is highly specific and reliable when the RNA input is within the optimal range. When RNA input is below the limit of detection or too high, then false negatives and false positives/cross reactivity can occur, respectively. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is quantitative, more sensitive, and efficient than endpoint PCR, and does not require post‐PCR processing. A reverse transcription (RT) step may also be included in qPCR (RT‐qPCR), enabling mRNA quantification. However, there are concerns regarding the lack of consistency and standardization of RT‐qPCR methodology and reporting of results. Additionally, the number of currently available fluorophores somewhat reduces multiplexing ability. More recently, approaches involving Piwi‐interacting biomarkers, NanoString barcodes, and RNA sequencing have been developed. This review will cover the current and developing RNA‐based techniques for forensic body fluid identification, focusing on endpoint and quantitative RT‐PCR using mRNA. The advantages and limitations of these along with alternative methods will be discussed, and how they may be further developed to advance forensic body fluid identification.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Body Fluid Identification
Forensic Biology > Applications of RNA
Three-body non-leptonic heavy-to-heavy B decays at NNLO in QCD
Authors: Huber Tobias , Virto Javier , Vos K. Keri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExclusive non-leptonic two-body decays ofBmesons have been studied extensively in the past two decades within the framework of factorization. However, the exploration of the corresponding three-body case has only started recently, in part motivated by new data. We consider here the simplest non-leptonic three-bodyBdecays from the point of view of factorization, namely heavy-to-heavy transitions. We provide a careful derivation of the SCET/QCDF factorized amplitudes to NNLO inαs, and discuss the numerical impact of NLO and NNLO corrections. We then study the narrow-width limit, showing that the three-body amplitude reproduces analytically the known quasi-two-body decay amplitudes, and compute finite-width corrections. Finally, we discuss certain observables that are sensitive to perturbative NLO and NNLO corrections and to higher Gegenbauer moments of the dimeson LCDAs. This is the first study of non-leptonic three-bodyBdecays to NNLO in QCD.
Master integrals for the mixed QCD-QED corrections to the Drell-Yan production of a massive lepton pair
Authors: Hasan Syed Mehedi , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe showcase the calculation of the master integrals needed for the two loop mixed QCD-QED virtual corrections to the neutral current Drell-Yan process ($$ q\overline{q} $$qq¯→l+l−). After establishing a basis of 51 master integrals, we cast the latter into canonical form by using the Magnus algorithm. The dependence on the lepton mass is then expanded such that potentially large logarithmic contributions are kept. After determining all boundary constants, we give the coefficients of the Taylor series around four space-time dimensions in terms of generalized polylogarithms up to weight four.
Sites of chromosomal instability in the context of nuclear architecture and function
Authors: Pentzold Constanze , Kokal Miriam , Pentzold Stefan , Weise Anja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChromosomal fragile sites are described as areas within the tightly packed mitotic chromatin that appear as breaks or gaps mostly tracing back to a loosened structure and not a real nicked break within the DNA molecule. Most facts about fragile sites result from studies in mitotic cells, mainly during metaphase and mainly in lymphocytes. Here, we synthesize facts about the genomic regions that are prone to form gaps and breaks on metaphase chromosomes in the context of interphase. We conclude that nuclear architecture shapes the activity profile of the cell, i.e. replication timing and transcriptional activity, thereby influencing genomic integrity during interphase with the potential to cause fragility in mitosis. We further propose fragile sites as examples of regions specifically positioned in the interphase nucleus with putative anchoring points at the nuclear lamina to enable a tightly regulated replication–transcription profile and diverse signalling functions in the cell. Consequently, fragility starts before the actual display as chromosomal breakage in metaphase to balance the initial contradiction of cellular overgrowth or malfunctioning and maintaining diversity in molecular evolution.
Expertenempfehlung: Therapie nichtgehfähiger Patienten mit Muskeldystrophie Duchenne
Authors: Bernert Guenther , Hahn Andreas , Köhler Cornelia , Meyer Sascha , Schara Ulrike , Schlachter Kurt , Trollmann Regina , Walter Maggie C. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Muskeldystrophie Duchenne (DMD) ist die häufigste genetische neuromuskuläre Krankheit im Kindesalter, bei der es meist im Alter von 9 bis 11 Jahren zum Verlust der Gehfähigkeit kommt.Ziel der Arbeit und Material und MethodenAuf der Grundlage aktueller Leitlinien und Studien erarbeiteten neuropädiatrische und neurologische Experten im Rahmen eines von der Firma PTC Therapeutics GmbH (Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland), die die Substanz Ataluren vertreibt, gesponserten Advisory Boards Empfehlungen zur Behandlung nichtgehfähiger Patienten mit DMD mit Schwerpunkt medikamentöse Therapien von Erwachsenen.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDer Verlust der Gehfähigkeit wird in Studien sehr unterschiedlich definiert und bezieht sich u. a. auf die Rollstuhlpflicht, das selbständige Gehen ohne Hilfsmittel oder die maximale Gehstrecke. Grundlage der Therapie von Patienten mit DMD in jedem Krankheitsstadium sind supportive und symptomatische Maßnahmen, die in der Regel auch nach dem Verlust der Gehfähigkeit intensiv weitergeführt werden sollten. Zusätzlich stehen den Patienten medikamentöse Therapien mit dem Ziel der Modifikation des Krankheitsverlaufes zur Verfügung. Glukokortikoide bilden den Stützpfeiler der medikamentösen Therapie auch über den Verlust der Gehfähigkeit hinaus, dann meist in reduzierter Dosis. Für Patienten mit DMD aufgrund einer Nonsense-Mutation (nmDMD), ca. 13 % aller DMD-Patienten, steht Ataluren als potenziell dystrophinwiederherstellende, krankheitsmodifizierende Therapie zur Verfügung; klinische Daten aus dem STRIDE-Register zeigen eine verzögerte Krankheitsprogression auch nach Verlust der Gehfähigkeit. Zum Exon-Skipping liegen für erwachsene Patienten derzeit noch keine belastbaren Daten vor. Das Antioxidans Idebenon kommt bei nichtgehfähigen, jugendlichen Patienten ohne therapeutische Alternative, die nicht mit Glukokortikoiden behandelt werden können, infrage. Ataluren eignet sich zur kombinierten Behandlung mit Glukokortikoiden, eine Kombination von Idebenon und Glukokortikoiden wird derzeit in einer klinischen Studie überprüft. Eine Add-on-Therapie mit Idebenon zusätzlich zu Ataluren ist bei nichtgehfähigen nmDMD-Patienten zu erwägen. Bedingt durch die Tatsache, dass sich einige der diskutierten Therapieoptionen noch in der Phase der klinischen Prüfung befinden oder noch keine oder nur begrenzte Daten für ältere Patienten mit DMD vorliegen, handelt es sich um Expertenempfehlungen entsprechend der Evidenzklasse IV.