bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in immigrant population in northern Italy
Authors: Sagnelli Caterina , Uberti-Foppa Caterina , Bagaglio Sabrina , Cella Eleonora , Scolamacchia Vittoria , Hasson Hamid , Salpietro Stefania , Messina Emanuela , Morsica Giulia , Angeletti Silvia , Ciccozzi Massimo , Lazzarin Adriano , Sagnelli Evangelista 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is characterised by a vast genetic diversity classified into distinct phylogenetic strains and recombinant forms. We describe the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and evolution of 129 consecutive HIV-1 positive migrants living in Milan (northern Italy). Polymerase gene sequences of 116 HIV-1 subtype-B positive patients were aligned with HIV-1 reference sequences (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) by using MAFFT alignment and edited by using Bioedit software. A maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree was performed by MEGA7 and was visualised by using FigTree v1.4.3. Of 129 migrants, 35 were born in Europe (28 in Eastern Europe), 70 in the Americas (67 in South America), 15 in Africa and nine in Asia; 76.4% were men who have sex with men (MSM). The serotype HIV-1-B prevailed (89.9%), followed by -C, -F1, -D and -A. Compared with 116 HIV-B patients, the 13 with HIV-non-B showed lower Nadir of CD4+ cell/mmc (P= 0.043), more frequently had sub Saharan origin (38.5vs.1.72%,P= 0.0001) and less frequently were MSM (40vs.74.5%,P= 0.02). The ML phylogenetic tree of the 116 HIV-1 subtype-B positive patients showed 13 statistically supported nodes (bootstrap > 70%). Most of the sequences included in these nodes have been isolated from male patients from the Americas and the most common risk factor was MSM. The low number of HIV-1 non-B subtype patients did not allow to perform this analysis. These results suggest a shift of HIV-1 prevention projects' focus and a continuous monitoring of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology among entry populations. Prevention efforts based on HIV molecular epidemiology may improve public health surveillance setting.
Helicobacter pylori seropositivity is associated with antinuclear antibodies in US adults, NHANES 1999–2000
Authors: Meier H. C. S. , Miller F. W. , Dinse G. E. , Weinberg C. R. , Cho C. C. , Parks C. G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Infectious diseases, such as Helicobacter pylori, which produce systemic inflammation may be one key factor in the onset of autoimmunity. The association between H. pylori and antinuclear antibodies (ANA), a marker of autoimmunity, has been understudied. Data from the 1999–2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to evaluate the cross-sectional association between H. pylori seroprevalence and ANA positivity in US adults aged ≥20 years. ANA was measured in a 1:80 dilution of sera by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp-2 cells (positive ⩾3). H. pylori immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to categorise individuals as seropositive or seronegative. H. pylori seropositivity and ANA positivity were common in the adult US population, with estimated prevalences of 33.3% and 9.9%, respectively. Both were associated with increasing age. H. pylori seropositivity was associated with higher odds of ANA (prevalence odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–3.33), adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment and body mass index. H. pylori infection may be one key factor in the loss of self-tolerance, contributing to immune dysfunction.
SARS to novel coronavirus – old lessons and new lessons
Authors: McCloskey Brian , Heymann David L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The response to the novel coronavirus outbreak in China suggests that many of the lessons from the 2003 SARS epidemic have been implemented and the response improved as a consequence. Nevertheless some questions remain and not all lessons have been successful. The national and international response demonstrates the complex link between public health, science and politics when an outbreak threatens to impact on global economies and reputations. The unprecedented measures implemented in China are a bold attempt to control the outbreak – we need to understand their effectiveness to balance costs and benefits for similar events in the future.
Acute coronary syndrome in an adolescent with aortic root replacement (Bentall)
Authors: Donmez Yasemin N. , Aykan Hayrettin H. , Sahiner Levent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcute coronary syndrome is a cause of cardiac-induced chest pain and rarely seen among childhood. It should be kept in mind in patients presenting with typical chest pain with a history of CHD and/or surgery, as this will lead to life-threatening complications and death. We present an adolescent with a history of Bentall operation who had acute coronary syndrome owing to coronary thrombosis as a result of inappropriate drug use.
Emotional quality-of-life and patient-reported limitation in sports participation in children with uncorrected congenital and acquired heart disease in healthcare-restricted settings in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Kolt Gali S , Ferdman Barbara R , Choi Jessica Y , Henson Janine , Nguyen Van-Trang , Farkas Emily A , Nina Vinicius JDS , Nina Rachel VAH , CiFuentes Renzo O , Zeman William F , Connett John E , Marath Aubyn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground:Little is known about emotional quality-of-life in paediatric heart disease in low- and middle-income countries where the prevalence of uncorrected lesions is high. Research on emotional quality-of-life and its predictors in these settings is key to planning interventions.Methods:Ten-year retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 6–17 years with uncorrected congenital or acquired heart disease in 12 low- and middle-income countries was conducted. Emotional functioning score of the PedsQL TM 4.0 generic core scale and data on patient-reported limitation in sports participation were collected via in-person interview and analysed using regression analyses.Results:Ninety-four children reported mean emotional functioning scores of 71.94 (SD 25.32) [95% CI 66.75–77.13] with lower scores independently associated with having a parent with a chronic illness or who had died (p = 0.005), having less than three siblings (p = 0.007), and reporting a subjective limitation in carrying an item equivalent to a 4 lb load (p = 0.021). Patient-reported limitation in sports participation at least “sometimes” was present in 69% and was independently associated with experiencing symptoms at least once a month (p < 0.001).Conclusion:Some of the factors which were associated with better emotional quality-of-life were similar to those identified in previous studies in patients with corrected defects. Patient-reported limitation in sports participation is common. In addition to corrective surgery and exercise, numerous other interventions which are practicable during surgical missions might improve emotional quality-of-life.
Future Climate Projection in Northwest China With RegCM4.6
Authors: Pan X. D. , Zhang L. , Huang C. L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn effective assessment of future climate change, especially future precipitation forecasting, is an important basis for the rational development of adaptive strategies for Northwest China, where the ecological environment is fragile and encompasses arid and semiarid regions. In this work, the performance of a regional climate model is assessed; then, climate changes in the near future (2018–2037), middle future (2050–2069), and distant future (2080–2099) are analyzed under representative concentration pathways (RCPs) RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Compared to the Met Office Hadley Centre Earth System (HadGEM2‐ES) global climate model, the latest regional climate model, RegCM4.6, with a community land model land surface process scheme and Tiedtke cumulus convective parameterization, can create a good simulation of the present‐day mean climatology over Northwest China, including temperature, precipitation, and climate extremes, and can also provide finer‐scale climate information in complex terrain and better correct the cold bias than HadGEM2‐ES. At the same time, RegCM4 inherited the bias from HadGEM2‐ES, for example, both the RegCM4 and the HadGEM2‐ES overestimated precipitation in DJF in the southeast of the study area. (2) The future near surface air temperature will experience continuous warming over Northwest China under the RCP8.5 scenario, and the warming will become more significant and exceed 6 °C by the end of the 21st century. In RegCM4, future precipitation will continue to increase and will increase by 50 mm by the end of the 21st century relative to historical data. The extreme climate index summer days will continue to increase, indicating that high temperatures will be more frequent in Northwest China. In contrast, the consecutive dry days will decrease, likely because of the increase in precipitation.
Three‐Dimensional Magnetic Models of La Gomera (Canary Islands): Insights Into the Early Evolution of an Ocean Island Volcano
Authors: Blanco‐Montenegro I. , Montesinos F. G. , Nicolosi I. , Arnoso J. , Chiappini M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn aeromagnetic data set from the island of La Gomera was studied through two inverse modeling approaches that produced complementary views of the inner structure of this volcanic island: (1) a variable magnetization model that identified the main lateral magnetization contrasts and (2) a constant magnetization model that imaged the main magnetic source by assuming that it was a uniformly magnetized body. The modeling reveals intense magnetizations beneath the northern part of La Gomera, which occupy an important portion of the northern submarine edifice, correspond well with outcrops of the submarine volcano (Basal Complex), and confirm that most of the magnetic signal revealed by aeromagnetic mapping in the Canary Islands is due to the intense magnetizations of the intrusive complexes (plutonic bodies and dike complexes) emplaced during the initial stages of growth of the volcanic edifices. The consistency of our models with the results of a previous gravimetric study suggests that these intrusive complexes are denser and more magnetic than the surrounding rocks. The location of the main magnetic source reinforces the interpretation, first suggested by geological evidence, that the submarine and early subaerial growth of La Gomera started to the north of the present island. The elongated shape of these intrusive complexes with a nearly E‐W strike agrees with the orientation of analogous structures on Tenerife and Gran Canaria, suggesting that the initial formation of the central islands of the Canary Archipelago was controlled by a set of regional fractures in a strike‐slip tectonic framework.
Higher Snowfall Intensity is Associated with Reduced Impacts of Warming Upon Winter Snow Ablation
Authors: Marshall Adrienne M. , Link Timothy E. , Robinson Andrew P. , Abatzoglou John T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWarming temperatures are altering winter snowpack accumulation and ablation. Physically based snowpack simulations have indicated that increasing precipitation intensity may buffer the impacts of warming on annual maximum snow water equivalents. Here, we assess this relationship using an observational dataset from the western United States and show that greater snowfall intensity is associated with reduced accumulation season ablation, particularly in warmer conditions. We also use outputs from a hydrological model to evaluate the effect of snowfall intensity on ablation in future climate scenarios. Snowfall intensity is projected to increase in the continental interior, which could reduce the average effects of warming on accumulation season ablation by as much as 6.3%, and decrease in maritime climates, increasing the effects of warming on ablation by up to 6.0%. These results indicate the importance of accurately modeling changing snowfall intensity and considering snowfall intensity in climate change impact assessments of snow‐dependent ecosystems and water resources.
Cascade of Internal Wave Energy Catalyzed by Eddy‐Topography Interactions in the Deep South China Sea
Authors: Hu Qianwen , Huang Xiaodong , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Xiaojiang , Xu Xing , Sun Hui , Zhou Chun , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe intensity of deep‐ocean mixing critically shapes the global overturning circulation, but the energy cascade participating in the elevated mixing above rough topography remains poorly understood. Using 350‐day moored observations, the energy cascade triggered by eddy‐topography interactions is for the first time revealed in the deep South China Sea. The deep‐ocean observations show bottom‐intensified near‐inertial wave (NIW) pulses during periods of eddy occurrences. Eddy‐induced NIWs appear to catalyze nonlinear wave‐wave interactions, which further cascade energies from NIWs and internal tides to higher‐frequency internal waves (HFIWs) above fk1 frequency. Corresponding to the HFIW enhancement, the kinetic energy spectrum at 3–9 cycles per day increases by 2–9 times, and the spectral slope becomes ~ −1 rather than ~ −2, as predicted by the Garrett‐Munk oceanic internal wave spectrum. A cascade of internal waves above rough topography potentially promotes extracting energy from eddies and tides and dissipating this energy to mix deep waters.
Elevated Equilibrium Geotherm in Stable Continental Shield: Evidence From Integrated Structural, Hydrological, and Electromagnetic Studies on Nonvolcanic Hot Springs in the Eastern Ghats Belt, India
Authors: Maitra Asmita , Singh Anand , Keesari Tirumalesh , Sharma S.P. , Gupta Saibal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNonvolcanic hot springs occur within Neoproterozoic granulites of the tectonically stable Eastern Ghats Belt in the Indian shield. Penetrative granulite facies planar structural fabrics in the northern Eastern Ghats Belt are reoriented within an E‐W striking, northerly dipping ductile shear zone that is subsequently dissected by WNW‐ESE trending, subvertical pseudotachylite‐bearing faults and fractures. Tube and dug wells in the area yield both thermal (~60 °C) and nonthermal (~28 °C) water. Chemical analyses reveal that the thermal water is richer in Na+, K+, and Cl−, with lower bicarbonate content. Stable isotope analyses (δ2H and δ18O) of the thermal and nonthermal waters both plot on the Global Meteoric Water Line; however, tritium and 14C ages indicate that the nonthermal water is relatively modern, while the thermal waters are older. This suggests that both waters come from distinct reservoirs. Very low frequency electromagnetic studies show that water circulates through the WNW‐ESE trending fracture systems but also exists in isolated pockets within the crystalline country rock. Heat production studies reveal that some host rocks have exceptionally high heat‐producing element concentrations, primarily as thorium within the minerals monazite and thorite. Meteoric waters entrapped for longer times near these heat‐producing element‐rich pockets undergo radiogenic heating, and are shielded from the nonthermal groundwater circulating within the fracture system. The high heat‐producing element distribution in the crust resulting from Neoproterozoic geological events has, thus, elevated the present‐day equilibrium geotherm in the Eastern Ghats Belt, forming sources for shallow‐level, nonvolcanic hot springs within a tectonically inactive terrane.
Directivity Modes of Earthquake Populations with Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Ross Zachary E. , Trugman Daniel T. , Azizzadenesheli Kamyar , Anandkumar Anima 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a novel approach for resolving modes of rupture directivity in large populations of earthquakes. A seismic spectral decomposition technique is used to first produce relative measurements of radiated energy for earthquakes in a spatially compact cluster. The azimuthal distribution of energy for each earthquake is then assumed to result from one of several distinct modes of rupture propagation. Rather than fitting a kinematic rupture model to determine the most likely mode of rupture propagation, we instead treat the modes as latent variables and learn them with a Gaussian mixture model. The mixture model simultaneously determines the number of events that best identify with each mode. The technique is demonstrated on four datasets in California, each with compact clusters of several thousand earthquakes with comparable slip mechanisms. We show that the datasets naturally decompose into distinct rupture propagation modes that correspond to different rupture directions, and the fault plane is unambiguously identified for all cases. We find that these small earthquakes exhibit unilateral ruptures 63–73% of the time on average. The results provide important observational constraints on the physics of earthquakes and faults.
Drought Demise Attribution Over CONUS
Authors: Wu Jiexia , Dirmeyer Paul A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCompared with drought onset, the quantification and attribution of drought demise are not well studied. Meteorological droughts usually terminate more rapidly than they initiate, making it hard to define a transition period leading to drought demise with monthly data. In this study, methods of quantifying and attributing drought demise are applied to the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA‐2) using modified Standardized Precipitation Index representing meteorological drought calculated at pentad intervals to resolve subseasonal demise events. Methodologies to attribute three specific causes of drought demise in nine climate regional divisions over conterminous U.S. (CONUS) are developed. The three phenomenological causes are tropical cyclones, atmospheric rivers, and changes in land atmospheric feedback. Atmospheric river is the most common of the factors for drought demise, over most of the regions in the eastern, and central U.S. tropical cyclones are important causes over the Southwest, the South in fall, and the Southeast in summer. Evolving land atmospheric feedback is a factor mainly over the central and southwestern United States. These attributions estimated may not be representative of the long‐term climatologies of drought demise due to the short duration of MERRA‐2. A representativeness test is conducted for estimating the three impacts on drought demise using subsamples from a large ensemble of climate model simulation including several centuries of data. Thirty to forty years is not long enough to be representative of local long‐term statistics for the attribution of the causes of demise of extreme events like drought but may be adequate at regional scales.
Evolution of an Atmospheric Kármán Vortex Street From High‐Resolution Satellite Winds: Guadalupe Island Case Study
Authors: Horváth Á. , Bresky W. , Daniels J. , Vogelzang J. , Stoffelen A. , Carr J. L. , Wu D. L. , Seethala C. , Günther T. , Buehler S. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVortex streets formed in the stratocumulus‐capped wake of mountainous islands are the atmospheric analogues of the classic Kármán vortex street observed in laboratory flows past bluff bodies. The quantitative analysis of these mesoscale unsteady atmospheric flows has been hampered by the lack of satellite wind retrievals of sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. Taking advantage of the cutting‐edge Advanced Baseline Imager, we derived kilometer‐scale cloud‐motion winds at 5‐min frequency for a vortex street in the lee of Guadalupe Island imaged by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐16. Combined with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data, the geostationary imagery also provided accurate stereo cloud‐top heights. The time series of geostationary winds, supplemented with snapshots of ocean surface winds from the Advanced Scatterometer, allowed us to capture the wake oscillations and measure vortex shedding dynamics. The retrievals revealed a markedly asymmetric vortex decay, with cyclonic eddies having larger peak vorticities than anticyclonic eddies at the same downstream location. Drawing on the vast knowledge accumulated about laboratory bluff body flows, we argue that the asymmetric island wake arises from the combined effects of Earth's rotation and Guadalupe's nonaxisymmetric shape resembling an inclined flat plate at low angle of attack. However, numerical simulations will need to establish whether or not the selective destabilization of the shallow atmospheric anticyclonic eddies is caused by the same mechanisms that destabilize the deep columnar anticyclones of laboratory flows, such as three‐dimensional vertical perturbations due to centrifugal or elliptical instabilities.
Bridging the Flux Gap: Sap Flow Measurements Reveal Species‐Specific Patterns of Water Use in a Tallgrass Prairie
Authors: O'Keefe Kimberly , Bell David M. , McCulloh Katherine A. , Nippert Jesse B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPredicting the hydrological consequences following changes in grassland vegetation type (i.e., woody encroachment) requires an understanding of water flux dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution for predominant species within grassland communities. However, grassland fluxes are typically measured at the leaf or landscape scale, which inhibits our ability to predict how individual species contribute to changing ecosystem fluxes. We used external heat balance sap flow sensors and a hierarchical Bayesian state‐space modeling approach to bridge this “flux gap” and estimate continuous species‐level water flux in common tallgrass prairie species. Specifically, we asked the following: (1) How do diurnal and nocturnal water fluxes differ among woody and herbaceous plants? (2) How sensitive are woody and herbaceous species to environmental drivers of diurnal and nocturnal water flux? We highlight three results: (1)Cornus drummondii, the primary woody encroacher in this grassland, exhibited the greatest canopy‐level water loss; (2) nocturnal transpiration was a large component of the water lost in this ecosystem and was driven primarily by C4grasses andC. drummondii; and (3) the sensitivity of canopy transpiration to environmental drivers varies among plant functional types and throughout a 24‐hr period. Our data reveal important insights regarding the water use strategies of woody versus herbaceous species in tallgrass prairies and about the potential hydrological consequences of ongoing woody encroachment. We suggest that the high, static flux rates observed in woody species will likely deplete deep water stores over time, potentially creating hydrological deficits in grasslands experiencing woody encroachment and concomitantly increasing the vulnerability of these ecosystems to drought.