bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for pressure-dependent ultrasonic beam skew in transversely isotropic rocks: combining modelling and measurement of anisotropic wave speeds
Authors: Li Wei , Schmitt Douglas R , Chen Xiwei 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARY
The intrinsic anisotropy of rock influences the paths of propagating seismic waves and indicates mineralogical texture and strains; and as such it is important that laboratory measurements of such properties be fully understood. Usually, when studying anisotropy, ultrasonic wave speeds are measured in a variety of strategic directions and, subsequently transformed to the dynamic elastic moduli using symmetry-appropriate formula. For transversely isotropic rocks the moduli are ideally found by measuring wave speeds in directions vertical, parallel and oblique to the foliation or bedding using finite-width ultrasonic transducers. An important, but ignored, complication is that at oblique angles the ultrasonic beam unavoidably deviates, or skews, away from the transmitter's normal axis making proper wave speed determinations difficult. The pressure dependence of the wave speeds further confounds finding a solution as skew angles, too, vary with confining pressure. We develop a new technique that incorporates dual ultrasonic receivers to account for and mitigate the effects of the pressure-dependent beam skew problem. Anisotropy measurements to 200 MPa hydrostatic confining pressure combined with recent beam modeling algorithms illustrate the errors obtained in the determined wave speeds that are subsequently magnified in calculating the full set of elastic stiffnesses. In materials with P-wave anisotropies near 30 per cent the error introduced by ignoring beam skew exceeds the transit time picking errors by more than a factor of three, these propagate to much larger errors in the stiffnesses particularly for C13 and the dynamic elastic moduli referred to C13. Meanwhile, shortening the sample or enlarging the transmitter size is not suggested to counter the beam skew issue because it reduces the beam skew effect but increases the diffraction effect.
The 1892 general election in England: Home Rule, the Newcastle programme and positive Unionism*
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Naomi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Largely ignored as an anomaly, the 1892 general election represents a major gap in the scholarship on late nineteenth-century British politics. This article is the first to analyse the issues on and electioneering rhetoric with which it was fought, with a focus on England’s constituencies. It argues that the early 1890s saw the inauguration of a new, ‘positive’ kind of political appeal. It explores how Liberals embraced the radical reforms of the National Liberal Federation’s ‘Newcastle programme’ and how Unionists constructed a self-referential ‘positive Unionism’ that trumpeted their achievements in government. In addition, by considering the limits of Home Rule as an electoral strategy, the article challenges accepted narratives of Liberalism’s slide into ‘faddism’ and Unionist dominance. The article draws on my databases of election addresses. Addresses were an essential medium for the communication of political appeals; by analysing their content, the article highlights the utility of quantitative methodologies for studying shifts in and the transmission of political discourses.
The impact of acetabular labral tears on sexual activity in women
Authors: Raut Shruti , Kamal Jessica , Norrish Alan , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A healthy sex-life is an important component of a good quality of life. However, sexual function may be inhibited in women with acetabular labral tears because of the labrum being caught between the femoral head neck junction and the acetabular rim during flexion and/or abduction of the hip. The aim of this article is to quantify the effect that acetabular labral tears may have on the sexual lives of women and to establish the extent to which they may be expected to resolve after arthroscopic intervention. The article also highlights the importance of including questions related to the impact on sexual activity as a routine part of our taking history for a young adult with hip pain, to gain a true appreciation of the impact the symptoms have on the day-to-day lives of our patients.
Punish and Be Punished?
Authors: Spadaro Alessandra 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pursuant to the doctrine of command responsibility, military commanders can be found criminally responsible for having failed to take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent or punish the crimes of their subordinates. Focusing on the duty of commanders of organized armed groups to punish the war crimes committed by their subordinates, this article enquires whether the commanders’ duty is subject to any limit under international law. By analysing the imposition of disciplinary and criminal measures, including prosecution in armed group courts and detention, the article argues that a commander cannot fulfil their duty to punish through unlawful measures and can only be required to take punitive measures which are not themselves illegal or criminal under international law. Otherwise, the commander would face a paradoxical choice: not punish their subordinates and be punished for having failed to do so or punish them and nonetheless be punished for having done so through illegal or criminal measures. Courts should be mindful of this when holding an individual responsible for failing to take certain punitive measures pursuant to the doctrine of command responsibility.
Application of quality control circle in the treatment of moderate cancer pain in inpatients
Authors: Liu Yehuan , Lin Beibei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Pain is one of the most common and intolerable symptoms in cancer patients. But cancer pain control is still negative in China.

Objectives
This paper explores the application of quality control circle in the treatment of cancer pain in inpatients to improve the quality of life of patients with cancer pain.

Method
Established a quality control circle group to analyze the current status of cancer pain control in inpatients with moderate cancer pain, set goals, formulate corresponding countermeasures and implement and review them in stages. The plan-do-check-act method was cyclically applied. The Brief Pain Inventory was used to evaluate the cancer pain status of patients with cancer pain hospitalized before (January to April 2016) and after (September to December 2016) the implementation of quality control circle activities.

Results
The pain control effect of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group. The mean (standard deviation) of pain severity and pain interference in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (6.21 [2.86] vs 4.31 [2.25], 10.54 [4.10] vs 7.25 [3.77]). There was significant difference after the implementation of quality control circle (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Quality control circle activities are used to manage patients with cancer pain, to improve the situation of pain control and to improve the quality of life of patients. This management tool and method is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Perch use by flycatching Rhinolophus formosae in relation to vegetation structure
Authors: Lee Ya-Fu , Kuo Yen-Min , Chu Wen-Chen , Lin Yu-Hsiu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFlycatching is relatively uncommon in insectivorous bats, yet members of the family Rhinolophidae constitute over one-half of the documented flycatching species. The Formosan woolly horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus formosae, is among the largest in size and relies primarily on flycatching for foraging. We assessed perch use of flycatching R. formosae in relation to vegetation structure in tropical monsoon forests in southern Taiwan. We located bats using acoustic detectors in forest interior and edge-open forest sites, and measured perch features, dispersion of the nearest trees, and vegetation structure within a 5-m radius of each perch. The same measurements were applied to randomly selected perches in both habitats where bats were not detected. We found no seasonal effects or differences between used and random perches in perch features, dispersion of neighboring trees, or vegetation structure surrounding the perches. Perches used at edge-open forest sites were farther from the perch tree trunk and neighboring trees, and surrounded by larger trees than in forest interiors. In contrast, perches in forest interiors were surrounded by higher shrub and reef layers and greater canopy, shrub, and reef layer cover, than those at edge-open forests. Overall, perches in forest interiors were in more cluttered settings, containing higher vegetation obstacles than edge-open habitats. In both habitats, vegetation obstacles generally increased in a curvilinear manner when moving horizontally and downward from the perch. However, in forest interiors perches used by bats had significantly lower vegetation obstacles horizontally and downwardly and were less cluttered than randomly selected perches. Overall, our results indicate that R. formosae in forest interiors selectively used perches associated with more open space that allows for more maneuverable sally flights and a longer detection range suitable for its exceptionally low constant frequency calls to explore less cluttered environments.
Application of the Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline for Pain, Anxiety, and Delirium in a Combat Support Hospital in Iraq
Authors: Dhanjal Sandeep T , Jannace Kalyn C , Giordano Nicholas A , Highland Krista B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The 2017 Joint Trauma System Clinical Practice Guideline for Pain, Anxiety, and Delirium (JTS CPG) provides an evidence-based framework for managing pain, anxiety, and delirium in combat settings. In this study, we evaluate the use of multimodal analgesia and assess pain outcomes, as indicated by the JTS CPG, at the combat support hospital (CSH).

Materials and Methods
In this quality improvement project, data were collected for all patients, presenting to the CSH in Baghdad, Iraq, who received consultation from the acute pain service from October 10, 2017 to February 27, 2018. Univariate analyses described patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) scores, physical therapy completion, and sleep duration were recorded for each patient daily. Correlations assessed relationships between variables, including clinical characteristics and DVPRS scores.

Results
34 patients were included in this study. About 65% of the patients included in this study were Iraqi military, while the other 35% were U.S. or Coalition Forces. Over half received more than one class of analgesic medication. The majority of patients received regional anesthesia, with 17 different techniques utilized. The DVPRS had acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.95). There was a significant difference in median DVPRS pain intensity scores between those who met physical therapy goals and those who did not. Sleep duration was negatively correlated with both the DVPRS pain intensity and sleep scores.

Conclusions
This report indicates that acute pain service teams integrated in a CSH can feasibly implement JTS CPGs using a team-based approach. Given the military’s emphasis on managing complex pain and disability among survivors beginning in the combat environment, it is imperative that innovations and best practices, like the JTS CPG, be assessed in the combat setting.
Search for point sources of ultra-high-energy photons with the Telescope Array surface detector
Authors: Abbasi R U , Abe M , Abu-Zayyad T , Allen M , Azuma R , Barcikowski E , Belz J W , Bergman D R , Blake S A , Cady R , Cheon B G , Chiba J , Chikawa M , di Matteo A , Fujii T , Fujita K , Fujiwara R , Fukushima M , Furlich G , Hanlon W , Hayashi M , Hayashi Y , Hayashida N , Hibino K , Honda K , Ikeda D , Inoue N , Ishii T , Ishimori R , Ito H , Ivanov D , Jeong H M , Jeong S , Jui C C H , Kadota K , Kakimoto F , Kalashev O , Kasahara K , Kawai H , Kawakami S , Kawana S , Kawata K , Kido E , Kim H B , Kim J H , Kim J H , Kishigami S , Kuzmin V , Kuznetsov M , Kwon Y J , Lee K H , Lubsandorzhiev B , Lundquist J P , Machida K , Martens K , Matsuyama T , Matthews J N , Mayta R , Minamino M , Mukai K , Myers I , Nagataki S , Nakai K , Nakamura R , Nakamura T , Nonaka T , Oda H , Ogio S , Ohnishi M , Ohoka H , Okuda T , Omura Y , Ono M , Onogi R , Oshima A , Ozawa S , Park I H , Pshirkov M S , Remington J , Rodriguez D C , Rubtsov G , Ryu D , Sagawa H , Sahara R , Saito K , Saito Y , Sakaki N , Sako T , Sakurai N , Scott L M , Seki T , Sekino K , Shah P D , Shibata F , Shibata T , Shimodaira H , Shin B K , Shin H S , Smith J D , Sokolsky P , Stokes B T , Stratton S R , Stroman T A , Suzawa T , Takagi Y , Takahashi Y , Takamura M , Takeda M , Takeishi R , Taketa A , Takita M , Tameda Y , Tanaka H , Tanaka K , Tanaka M , Tanoue Y , Thomas S B , Thomson G B , Tinyakov P , Tkachev I , Tokuno H , Tomida T , Troitsky S , Tsunesada Y , Tsutsumi K , Uchihori Y , Udo S , Urban F , Wong T , Yada K , Yamamoto M , Yamaoka H , Yamazaki K , Yang J , Yashiro K , Yoshii H , Zhezher Y , Zundel Z ,   (Telescope Array Collaboration)
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe surface detector (SD) of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment allows us to detect indirectly photons with energies of the order of 1018 eV and higher, and to separate photons from the cosmic ray background. In this paper, we present the results of a blind search for point sources of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons in the Northern sky using the TA SD data. The photon-induced extensive air showers are separated from the hadron-induced extensive air shower background by means of a multivariate classifier based upon 16 parameters that characterize the air shower events. No significant evidence for the photon point sources is found. The upper limits are set on the flux of photons from each particular direction in the sky within the TA field of view, according to the experiment’s angular resolution for photons. The average 95 per cent confidence level upper-limits for the point-source flux of photons with energies greater than 1018, 1018.5, 1019, 1019.5 and 1020 eV are 0.094, 0.029, 0.010, 0.0073 and 0.0058 km−2yr−1, respectively. For energies higher than 1018.5 eV, the photon point-source limits are set for the first time. Numerical results for each given direction in each energy range are provided as a supplement to this paper.
TOROS optical follow-up of the advanced LIGO–VIRGO O2 second observational campaign
Authors: Artola Rodolfo , Beroiz Martin , Cabral Juan , Camuccio Richard , Castillo Moises , Chavushyan Vahram , Colazo Carlos , Cuevas Hector , DePoy Darren L , Díaz Mario C , Domínguez Mariano , Dultzin Deborah , Fernández Daniela , Ferreyra Antonio C , Fonrouge Aldo , Franco José , Graña Darío , Girardini Carla , Gurovich Sebastián , Kanaan Antonio , Lambas Diego G , Lares Marcelo , Hinojosa Alejandro F , Hinojosa Andrea , Hinojosa Americo F , López-Cruz Omar , Macri Lucas M , Marshall Jennifer L , Melia Raul , Mendoza Wendy , Castellón José L Nilo , Padilla Nelson , Perez Victor , Peñuela Tania , Rattray Wahltyn , Renzi Víctor , Ríos-López Emmanuel , Rivera Amelia Ramírez , Ribeiro Tiago , Rodriguez Horacio , Sánchez Bruno , Schneiter Matías , Schoenell William , Starck Manuel , Vrech Rubén , Quiñones Cecilia , Tapia Luis , Tornatore Marina , Torres-Flores Sergio , Vilchis Ervin , Zadrożny Adam 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the methods and results of the optical follow-up, conducted by the Transient Optical Robotic Observatory of the South Collaboration, of gravitational wave events detected during the Advanced LIGO–Virgo second observing run (2016 November–2017 August). Given the limited field of view (∼100 arcmin) of our observational instrumentation, we targeted galaxies within the area of high localization probability that were observable from our sites. We analysed the observations using difference imaging, followed by a random forest algorithm to discriminate between real and spurious transients. Our observations were conducted using telescopes at Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, the Dr. Cristina V. Torres Memorial Astronomical Observatory, and an observing station in Salta, Argentina.
Job demands, resources and work-related well-being in UK firefighters
Authors: Payne N , Kinman G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
There is evidence that firefighters are at risk of work-related stress and mental health problems, but little is known about the organizational hazards they experience. Insight is needed into the work-related factors that are most likely to threaten or protect their work-related well-being.

Aims
To identify levels of job demands and resources (including demands relating to workload, work patterns and the working environment, relationship conflicts, control, support, role clarity and change management) among firefighters, and to use a job demands–resources framework to examine their impacts on work-related well-being. The role played by recovery strategies in predicting work-related well-being was also considered.

Methods
Job demands and resources were assessed by the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) Management Standards Indicator Tool. Validated scales measured recovery strategies (detachment, affective rumination and problem-solving pondering) and work-related well-being (anxiety–contentment and depression–enthusiasm). The impact of job demands, resources and recovery strategies was tested by multiple linear regression.

Results
The sample comprised 909 firefighters across seven Fire and Rescue Services in the UK (85% male). Levels of job demands and resources did not meet HSE benchmarks. The main risk factors for poor work-related well-being were relationship conflicts and affective rumination, but resources such as role clarity and job control and the use of problem-solving pondering and detachment were beneficial.

Conclusions
Interventions that aim to reduce relationship conflicts at work and promote problem-solving rather than affective rumination, and detachment from work when off-duty, are likely to improve work-related well-being. Attention to enhancing job resources may also be beneficial.
Choice Simplification: A Theory of Mental Budgeting and Naive Diversification*
Authors: Kőszegi Botond , Matějka Filip 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We develop a theory of how an agent makes basic multiproduct consumption decisions in the presence of taste, consumption opportunity, and price shocks that are costly to attend to. We establish that the agent often simplifies her choices by restricting attention to a few important considerations, which depend on the decision at hand and affect her consumption patterns in specific ways. If the agent’s problem is to choose the consumption levels of many goods with different degrees of substitutability, then she may create mental budgets for more substitutable products (e.g., entertainment). In some situations, it is optimal to specify budgets in terms of consumption quantities, but when most products have an abundance of substitutes, specifying budgets in terms of nominal spending tends to be optimal. If the goods are complements, in contrast, then the agent may—consistent with naive diversification—choose a fixed, unconsidered mix of products. And if the agent’s problem is to choose one of multiple products to fulfill a given consumption need (e.g., for gasoline or a bed), then it is often optimal for her to allocate a fixed sum for the need.
Experiences With Counterfeit Aesthetic Medical Devices and Injectables: A National Survey
Authors: Wang Jordan V. , Hattier Georgette , Rohrer Thomas , Zachary Christopher B. , Saedi Nazanin 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND
Counterfeit medical devices and injectables have recently garnered interest in the field of aesthetics. Unlike their original counterparts, these counterfeit products have neither been tested nor verified using certified quality control measures.

OBJECTIVE
Our study investigated the pervasiveness of counterfeit products in the field as well as the experiences and attitudes of practitioners.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An online survey was distributed to current members of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery (ASDS) and the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery (ASLMS).

RESULTS
For medical devices, 37.4% have encountered counterfeits and 20.1% have experienced patients with adverse events from them. For injectables, 41.1% have encountered counterfeits and 39.7% have experienced patients with adverse events from them. Compared with their original, most respondents believe that counterfeits are worse in terms of reliability, safety, and effectiveness. The majority also believe that counterfeits are either very or extremely endangering to patient safety.

CONCLUSION
Counterfeit medical devices and injectables are not uncommonly encountered. Overall, practitioners believe counterfeits are endangering patient safety and result in adverse events and think that either stricter rules and regulations or better enforcement of existing regulations is necessary.
Identifying the Most Stable State of a Foam Sclerosant for Foam Sclerotherapy
Authors: Zhang Han-Shu , Yang Ai-Jun , Liu Shaohua 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND
Foam sclerotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for vascular malformations, and its sclerosing power depends on foam stability. Twenty quick passages have been widely used as an indicator of the most stable state of sclerosants, but the universality of their effectiveness has not been proven yet.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to identify simple and objective indicators of the most stable state of commonly used sclerosants and provide practitioners with suggestions to judge when foam producing is completed in sclerotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The universality of the effectiveness of 20 passages was tested by producing bleomycin foam with different passages. Further study was performed by testing modified bleomycin, polidocanol, and sodium tetradecylsulfate foam.

RESULTS
The bleomycin foam became denser as passages were added, and the sound of each passage became almost silent after 40 passages. The almost silent sound can be an indicator of foam stability for most sclerosants. It has a different application range compared with 20 quick passages.

CONCLUSION
We suggest that practitioners choose a different indicator depending on the foam used.