bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Determination of Nitrofurazone and Furazolidone in Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Muscle Tissue by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection
Authors: Rupp Heidi S , Munns Robert K , Long Austin R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nitrofurazone (NFZ) and furazolidone (FZD) in shrimp muscle tissue. The drugs are extracted from the tissue with acetonitrile, and the lipids and lipophilic pigments are removed from the extract with hexane. The remaining acetonitrile extract is evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the resultant residues are dissolved with LC-grade water, applied to a preconditioned C18 solid-phase extraction column, and eluted with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile eluant is then dried under nitrogen, and the resultant drug residues are dissolved with mobile phase and filtered. The drugs are determined by LC by using a C18 reversed-phase (octyldecylsilyl Hypersil) column, a mobile phase of acetonitrile- 1% aqueous acetic acid (25 + 75, v/v), and a photodiode array UV detector at 375 nm. NFZ and FZD were determined in shrimp tissue at each of 5 spiking levels (64,32,16, 8, and 4 ng drug/g tissue). Absolute recoveries ranged from 70.6 to 78.4%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 4.0 to 13.6%. The limit of detection of pure standard of each drug was approximately the equivalent of 1 ng drug/g tissue, and the limit of determination in a sample was 4 ng drug/g tissue.
Determination of Menthol in Honey by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Maojuan Li , Nelson Donald L , Sporns Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic method was developed for the determination of L-menthol in honey at levels as low as 0.1 ppm. The method includes steam distillation and hexane extraction with an internal standard (2,6-dimethylphenol). Beehives treated to control Acarapis woodi over 21 days with 30-60 g L-menthol contained L-menthol residues in honey and beeswax. L-menthol was found only in treated portions of the hive and not later transferred to added honey supers. The highest levels of residues in honey (18 ppm) and beeswax (2790 ppm) were found when pure L-menthol was adsorbed into foam strips placed on top of the hives. L-menthol residues in honey were not reduced by storage in open containers at room temperature for up to 55 days. Untrained panelists could not detect L-menthol in honey until the levels approached 36 ppm.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Determination of Tin in Canned Food
Authors: Sumitani Hidenobu , Suekane Sachiko , Nakatani Aya , Tatsuka Kiyoaki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Various canned foods were digested sequentially with HNO3 and HCI, diluted to 100 mL, and filtered, and then tin was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP/AES). Samples of canned Satsuma mandarin, peach, apricot, pineapple, apple juice, mushroom, asparagus, evaporated milk, short-necked clam, spinach, whole tomato, meat, and salmon were evaluated. Sample preparations did not require time-consuming dilutions, because ICP/AES has wide dynamic range. The standard addition method was used to determine tin concentration. Accuracy of the method was tested by analyzing analytical standards containing tin at 2 levels (50 and 250 (μg/g). The amounts of tin found for the 50 and 250 μg/g levels were 50.5 and 256 μg/g, respectively, and the repeatability coefficients of variation were 4.0 and 3.8%, respectively. Recovery of tin from 13 canned foods spiked at 2 levels (50 and 250 μg/g) ranged from 93.9 to 109.4%, with a mean of 99.2%. The quantitation limit for tin standard solution was about 0.5 μg/g.
Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Wines by Solid-Phase Extraction
Authors: Holland Patrick T , McNaughton Donald E , Malcolm Colin P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for screening wine for 74 pesticide residues. Aliquots of wine (10 mL) are extracted with 500 mg C18–silica solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns after addition of carbophe-nothion internal standard at 0.1 mg/L. The column is washed with 20% ethanol–water (4 mL), and pesticide residues are eluted with 1 mL ethyl acetate. The extract is made up to 2 mL final volume with isooctane for screening by gas–liquid chromatography (GC) using a narrow-bore FSOT column (5% phenyl–95% methyl-silicone bonded phase) with effluent splitting to electron capture (ECD) and nitrogen–phosphorus (NPD) detectors. A second GC system, using a 50% phenyl–50% methyl-silicone FSOT column with effluent splitting to ECD and flame photometric detector (P mode), is used for confirmation. The SPE method was rapid, robust, and reproducible. Recovery of pesticides added at 0.2 mg/L were 70–110% for the majority of pesticides, with standard deviations (SDs) of 1–18%. Some highly polar pesticides gave low recoveries. At a fortification level of 1 mg/L in wine, 13 fungicides gave recoveries of 80–118%, with SDs of 2–14%. At 0.02 mg/L, some less stable pesticides exhibited enhanced recoveries due to the protective effects of coextractives during GC. Detection limits were 0.01–0.02 mg/L with no major interferences observed from a range of wines. The multiple GC column and detector combinations and the internal standard provided a high degree of assurance in the identification of residues in wine.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Bentazon in Technical and Formulated Products: Collaborative Study
Authors: Schmitt Thomas M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) procedure for measuring bentazon in commercial herbicide products and aqueous formulations was collaboratively studied by 16 laboratories. Samples are dissolved in LC eluent [0.075M sodium acetate–methanol (60 + 40)] and analyzed by LC on a 30 cm × 3.9 mm octadecylsilyl column with detection by UV absorbance at 340 nm. The quantity of active ingredient is determined by comparing the mean response factor (RF) of the sample to the mean RF of standards injected just before and after each pair of sample injections. The average relative standard deviation (RSDR) for 3 formulations studied was 1.54%; the RSDR for a technical sample was 0.77%. The method has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Determination of Tylosin and Tilmicosin Residues in Animal Tissues by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Chan Wayne , Gerhardt Geoff C , Salisbury Craig D C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of ty-losin and tilmicosin residues in animal tissues is reported. Solid-phase extraction columns are used to isolate the drugs from tissue extracts. Determination is accomplished by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection at 287 nm. Mean recoveries from spiked tissues were 79.9% (coefficient of variation [CV], 8.1%) for tylosin and 92.6% (CV, 8.7%) for tilmicosin. Detection limits for tylosin and tilmicosin were 0.020 and 0.010 ppm, respectively.
Simultaneous Determination of Nitrofurazone, Nitrofurantoin, and Furazolidone in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Muscle Tissue by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Rupp Heidi S , Munns Robert K , Long Austin R , Plakas Steven M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nitro-furazone (NFZ), nitrofurantoin (NFT), and furazolidone (FZD) in catfish muscle tissue. The drugs were extracted from the tissue with acetonitrile, and the lipids were removed from the extract with hexane. The acetonitrile extract was evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the resultant drug residues were dissolved with LC mobile phase. The mixture was sonicated, centrifuged, and filtered. The drugs were determined by using LC with a Cie reversed-phase (ODS Hypersil) column, a mobile phase of acetonitrile–1 % aqueous acetic acid (25 + 75), and a photodiode array ultraviolet detector at 375 nm. NFZ, NFT, and FZD were each determined in catfish tissue at 5 fortification levels (80, 40, 20,10, and 5 ng drug/g tissue). Average recoveries of each of the 3 drugs at each level ranged from 70.7 to 101.5%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 2.2 to 18.6%. The limit of detection of each drug was approximately 1 ng drug/g tissue, and the limit of quantitation was 5 ng drug/g tissue. In the second part of the study, the method was used to determine nitrofuran residues incurred in catfish tissue. Live channel catfish were intravascularly dosed (10 mg/kg body wt) with NFZ to generate drug-incurred fish muscle tissue. Incurred NFZ levels exceeded 400 ng drug/g tissue at 2 h after dosing but decreased rapidly to approximately 1 ng drug/g tissue by 8 h after dosing, as determined by this method.
Determination of the Presence of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk and Dairy Products: IDF Collaborative Study
Authors: Twedt Robert M , Hitchins Anthony D , Prentice George A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted on the recovery of viable Listeria monocytogenes from milk and dairy products (Camembert cheese, Limburger cheese, skim milk powder, and ice cream). Test portions were homogenized with Listeria-selective liquid enrichment medium and cultured at 30°C for 48 h. The enrichment culture was then subcultured onto a solid isolation medium at 37°C for 48 h. Suspected Listeria colonies were identified by appropriate conventional morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests. Five kinds of dairy matrixes were spiked with L. monocytogenes at 2 levels: 12 and 120 colony forming units (cfu)/25 g. Each of the 18 collaborating laboratories analyzed 15 blind test portions from each matrix, comprising 5 replicates at each spiking level and 5 uninoculated controls, for a total of 1350 analyses. The specificity of the method was 100%; its sensitivity was 94–100% at the high spiking level and 89–98% at the low spiking level, except for Limburger cheese, which was only 68%. No specificity or sensitivity differences were observed between laboratories for all matrixes at the high spiking level and for all except Limburger cheese at the low spiking level. The calculated 50% detection limit for all products except Limburger cheese was 1.6 cfu/25 g; the 50% detection limit for Limburger cheese itself was 4.1 cfu/25 g. The method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls with Non-o-Chlorine Substituent in Aroclor Mixtures and in Soil Using Porous Graphitic Carbon Columns
Authors: Al-Haddad Ameera 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with non-o-chlo-rine substituent were determined in several Aroclor mixtures and in PCB-contaminated soil samples. Non-o-CI substituted PCBs were isolated using porous graphitic carbon/liquid chromatographic columns. Columns of this type provide a simple, rapid, and efficient method for the isolation of these compounds from different types of sample matrixes. The average percent recovery of non-o-CI substituted PCBs from porous graphitic carbon columns was found to be 87%, with an average coefficient of variation of 3.1%.
The Persistence of Fecal-Borne Antibiotics in Soil
Authors: Gavalchin Jerrie , Katz Stanley E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One aspect of the use of antibiotics in animal agriculture, which to date has received modest attention, concerns the effects of antibiotics excreted by animals upon the environment. The persistence of 7 antibiotics that are commonly used in feeds was studied in a typical agricultural soil. The antibiotics studied were bacitracin (BAC), penicillin (PEN), streptomycin (STR), tylosin (TYL), bambermycins (BAM), erythromycin (ERY), and chlortetracycline (CTC). The level incorporated into the soil with feces was 5.6 μg antibiotic/g soil. After incubation in soil for 30 days at 30°C, 44% of CTC and 23% of BAC remained; however, no detectable amounts of TYL, ERY, BAM, STR, and PEN remained. At 20°C, 88% of CTC, 33% of BAC, and 25% of ERY remained after 30 days; however, no STR, BAM, TYL, and PEN could be found. At 4°C, essentially all of the CTC, ERY, and BAM; 23% of BAC; and 40% of TYL remained after 30 days; however, PEN and STR were undetectable.
Analysis of Penicillin G in Milk by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Boison Joe O K , Keng Lily J-Y , Macneil James D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method that was previously developed for penicillin G residues in animal tissues has been adapted to milk and milk products. After protein precipitation with sodium tungstate, samples are applied to a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge, from which penicillin is eluted, derivatized with 1,2,4-triazole-mercuric chloride solution, and analyzed by isocratic liquid chromatography (LC) on a C18 column with UV detection at 325 nm. Quantitation is done with reference to penicillin V as an internal standard. Penicillin G recoveries were determined to be &gt;70% on standards fortified at 3-60 ppb. Accuracy approached 100% using the penicillin V internal standard. The detection limit for penicillin G residues was 3 ppb in fluid milk. Samples may be confirmed by thermospray/LC at concentrations approaching the detection limit of the UV method.
International Validation Study for the Determination of Chloramphenicol in Bovine Muscle
Authors: Epstein Robert L , Henry Carolyn , Holland Kathleen P , Dreas John 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic (GC) procedure for the quantitation and GC/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric (NICIMS) confirmation of chloramphenicol in calf muscle tissue was the subject of a validation study. Five analysts representing 5 laboratories in 4 countries participated in the quantitative method and analyzed 7 randomly numbered blind triplicates at 4 fortified and 3 incurred tissue concentrations on 3 separate days. The chloramphenicol concentrations ranged from 0 to 2.5 ppb. All data were reported to 3 significant figures. The coefficients of variation were 9.5-28.7% for repeatability and 14.6-38% over the study range for reproducibility. NICIMS data representing 3 laboratories in 3 countries successfully confirmed chloramphenicol in samples at 0.6 ppb or greater with no false positives in blank tissues.
Detection of Pork in Heated Meat Products by the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Meyer Rolf , Candrian Urs , Lüthy Jürg 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new method for the specific, sensitive, and semiquantitative detection of pork (Sus scrota) in heat-treated meat products has been developed. DNA was isolated from meat samples by using a DNA-binding resin and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. First, oligonu-cleotides yielding a specific 137-base-pair (bp) fragment from eucaryotic DNA amplified from a highly conserved region of the 18-S ribosomal gene was used to assess DNA quality. Second, the presence of pork DNA was determined with specific oligonu-cleotides yielding a 108-bp fragment amplified from the porcine growth hormone gene. The test detected pork in fresh or heated meat mixtures of pork in beef at levels below 2%. This approach was superior to commercially available immunological tests that were not able to detect levels of pork less than 20% in cooked meat or less than 10% in fresh meat.
Predicting the Distribution of Aflatoxin Test Results from Farmers’ Stock Peanuts
Authors: Whitaker Thomas B , Giesbrecht Francis G , Wu Jeremy , Hagler Winston M , Dowell Floyd E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Suitability of the negative binomial function for use in estimating the distribution of sample aflatoxin test results associated with testing farmers1 stock peanuts for aflatoxin was studied. A 900 kg portion of peanut pods was removed from each of 40 contaminated farmers1 stock lots. The lots averaged about 4100 kg. Each 900 kg portion was divided into fifty 2.26 kg samples, fifty 4.21 kg samples, and fifty 6.91 kg samples. The aflatoxin in each sample was quantified by liquid chromatography. An observed distribution of sample aflatoxin test results consisted of 50 aflatoxin test results for each lot and each sample size. The mean aflatoxin concentration, m; the variance, s2xamong the 50 sample aflatoxin test results; and the shape parameter, k, for the negative binomial function were determined for each of the 120 observed distributions (40 lots times 3 sample sizes). Regression analysis indicated the functional relationship between k and m to be k = 0.000006425m0.8047. The 120 observed distributions of sample aflatoxin test results were compared to the negative binomial function by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test. The null hypothesis that the true unknown distribution function was negative binomial was not rejected at the 5% significance level for 114 of the 120 distributions. The negative binomial function failed the KS test at a sample concentration of 0 ng/g in all 6 of the distributions where the negative binomial function was rejected. The negative binomial function always predicted a smaller percentage of samples testing 0 ng/g than was actually observed. However, the negative binomial function did fit the observed distribution for sample test results at a concentration greater than 0 in 4 of the 6 cases. As a result, the negative binomial function provides an accurate estimate of the acceptance probabilities associated with accepting contaminated lots of farmers' stock peanuts for various sample sizes and various sample acceptance levels greater than 0 ng/g.
Enzymatic/Chemical Analysis of Dietary Fiber
Authors: Theander Olof , Åman Per , Westerlund Eric , Graham Hadden 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Uppsala methodology for rapid analysis and characterization of total dietary fiber, defined as the sum of dietary fiber polysaccharides (DFP) and Klason lignin, was studied. A sugar- and starch-free residue was prepared by treatment with a thermo-stable amylase and amyloglucosidase. Neutral DFP residues were quantified by gas chromatography as alditol acetates after acid hydrolysis of this residue, and the acidinsoluble fraction, Klason lignin, was determined gravimetricaliy. Uronic acid residues were quantified by decarboxylation of the original sample. The efficacy of the Uppsala methodology was tested with foods varying in fiber content and composition, including heat-treated samples. The present method allowed the analysis of up to 40 samples per week. It had good repeatability and coefficients of variation of 3-5% for the main fiber components. Fiber contents determined with the method were higher than those determined with a similar method that excludes Klason lignin and starch resistant to amylases but soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide and lower than those determined with an enzymatic/gravimetric method. Important aspects of fiber analysis, like enzyme purity and the recovery of soluble fiber on ethanol precipitation, also were investigated.
Preparation of Spiked Soils by Vapor Fortification for VolatUe Organic Compounds Analysis
Authors: Hewitt Alan D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a vapor fortification method for preparing quality assurance/quality control soils for volatile organic compound analysis. Treatment of soils with volatile organic compounds occurs in a closed container in a manner somewhat analogous to the way the vadose zone often becomes contaminated. One advantage of this method for preparing soils for quality assurance/quality control purposes is that the efficiency of various extraction methods can be reliably compared. Furthermore, by substantially reducing the error due to sample inhomogeneity, the error associated with the determinative step can also be properly evaluated.
Corruption at the Data Capture Stage and Good Laboratory Practices
Authors: Ziegler Engelbert , Lenk Horst 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Possible sources of data corruption at the data capture stage include errors from the analogue input signal to be sampled, incorrect timing of the realtime sampling, loss of data on the data transmission path, and malfunctions of hardware and software components. Hardware and software measures to avoid such errors and provisions to adhere to good laboratory practice rules are discussed.
Analysis of Buprofezin Residues in Vegetable Crops by Gas Chromatography with Mass Selective Detection in Selected Ion Monitoring Mode
Authors: Valverde-García Antonio , Fernández-Alba Amadeo R , Herrera Jose C , Roldan Emilio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic/mass selective detection (GC/MSD) method in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used to determine buprofezin residues in vegetable samples. The electron impact ionization mass spectrum of buprofezin shows 3 characteristic peaks at m/z 105 (base peak), 172, and 305 (molecular ion peak), which were selected to quantify and confirm buprofezin residues in samples. Samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and sodium sulfate, and the extracts were cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography in an SX-3 Envirobeads column before GC/MSD analysis on a 25 m narrow-bore capillary column. Buprofezin recoveries from fortified samples of cucumber, pepper, tomato, squash, and eggplant were determined. The average recovery from cucumbers fortified at different levels (0.01, 0.05, 0.20, and 0.61 mg/kg) was 78%, and the standard deviation was 10% (n = 12). Very similar values were obtained for the 5 vegetable samples fortified at 0.20 mg/kg (n = 15). The limit of quantitation of the method for buprofezin in cucumbers was 0.01 mg/kg.
A Microbial Sensor for Determination of Sulfite in Wines
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiya , Kubo Nobuko , Arata Haruhiko , Ito Yoshio , Tamura Masao , Yamamoto Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The method developed for determining sulfite in wines uses a microbial sensor that consists of sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic bacteria and an oxygen electrode (SO2 meter; SOM), which selectively determines free sulfite in an acidified wine sample. Total sulfite is determined after alkaline extraction; ferrous sulfate is added to the extractant to prevent oxidation. The SOM data showed a coefficient of a variation of 1 % or less (n = 5). The total sulfites in wine determined by SOM were compared with those determined by the Monier–Williams method. Excellent agreement was achieved, as indicated by the regression line for the data: Y = 1.01 X − 1.39 (r = 0.993). With SOM, sulfite can be determined rapidly and accurately with excellent repeatability.
Determination of Nitrogen in Fertilizer by Combustion: Collaborative Study
Authors: Tate Donald F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fourteen laboratories participated in a collaborative study to compare abilities of AOAC modified copper catalyst Kjeldahl method, 978.02, and the generic combustion method, 990.03, to analyze the nitrogen content of fertilizer materials. Combustion analyses are more time efficient, more accurate, and less hazardous than Kjeldahl analyses. There were 3 different types of instrumentation involved in the collaborative study: (1) Leco FP-428 Nitrogen Determinator; (2) Perkin-Elmer 2410 Series II Nitrogen Analyzer; (3) Carlo-Erba 1500 Series II Nitrogen Analyzer. Thirty samples of fertilizer containing 1–67% N included 2 ACS grade standard materials: ammonium nitrate, theory 35.00% N; and dicyandiamide, theory 66.64% N. A diammonium phosphate and urea mixture (3 + 1 ; 1.0 mm grind) and 2 ACS grade standard materials of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate were supplied for repetitive combustion analyses. Overall method performance of the combustion method was at least as good as the modified Kjeldahl method. Repeatability standard deviation (Sr) values for the combustion method ranged from 0.09 to 0.34 vs the modified Kjeldahl method range of 0.06–0.49; reproducibility standard deviation (SR) values for the combustion method ranged from 0.13 to 1.07 vs the range of 0.09–3.57 for the modified Kjeldahl method. The grand mean was 20.78% for the combustion method, and 20.79% for the modified Kjeldahl method using various fertilizers. The average ranges of sr and SR for the methods were, respectively, 0.17 and 0.29 for the combustion method, and 0.19 and 0.54 for the modified Kjeldahl method. The method was adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.