bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of passive‐adaptive pendulum tuned mass damper for the global vibration control of offshore wind turbines
Authors: Bertollucci Colherinhas Gino , Petrini Francesco , de Morais Marcus Vinícius Girão , Bontempi Franco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an optimal design procedure for a pendulum tuned mass damper (PTMD) to mitigate the global structural vibrations of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) in the fore–aft and side–side directions. The procedure is tested to the design of a PTMD to be applied to the 5‐MW benchmark baseline monopile wind turbine proposed by the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL). The computation of wind and wave spectra, as well as the evaluation of the hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loads, is conducted by using an in‐house built MATLAB® routine working together with an ANSYS® 3‐D finite element (FE) global model for evaluating the resultant peak displacement response at the OWT hub by a power spectral density (PSD) analysis. In order to validate the OWT FEM model, a result comparison is made with the NREL OpenFAST, finding good matches between the two codes. An in‐house built genetic algorithm (GA) toolbox, coded in MATLAB®, is then used to optimally design the parameters of a PTMD with a simplified 2‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2DOF) model. The chosen GA fitness function targets the minimization of the peak response of the primary structure as evaluated by the 2DOF model. The design parameters of the PTMD are the flexural rigidity and damping, the mass ratio and pendulum length. After the 3‐D FE model of the OWT without any control device has been validated, and the PTMD has been optimized by the simplified 2DOF model, the performances of the PTMD are examined on a 3‐D global FE OWT + PTMD model in ANSYS®.
Closely related budding yeast species respond to different ecological signals for spore activation
Authors: Plante Samuel , Landry Christian R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpore activation is one of the most important developmental decisions in fungi as it initiates the transition from dormant and stress‐resistant cells to vegetative cells. Because in many species mating follows spore activation and germination, signals that trigger this developmental transition can also contribute to species reproductive barriers. Here, we examine the biochemical signals triggering spore activation in a natural species complex of budding yeast, Saccharomyces paradoxus (lineages SpA, SpB, SpC and SpC*). We first demonstrate that we can quantitatively monitor spore activation in these closely related lineages. Second, we dissect the composition of culture media to identify components necessary and/or sufficient to activate spores in the four lineages. We show that, contrary to expectation, glucose is necessary but not sufficient to trigger spore activation. We also show that two of the North American lineages (SpC and SpC*) diverge from the other North American (SpB) and European (SpA) lineages in terms of germination signal as their spore activation requires inorganic phosphate. Our results show that the way budding yeast interpret environmental conditions during spore activation diverged among closely related and incipient species, which means that it may play a role in their ecological differentiation and reproductive isolation.Take Away

Sensing of multiple compounds allows spore activation in non‐domesticated budding yeast.
Spore activation cues differ among Saccharomyces paradoxus lineages.
Dextrose and phosphate signal activation in SpC and SpC* spores.
Heterotic backgrounds via generalised geometry: moment maps and moduli
Authors: Ashmore Anthony , Strickland-Constable Charles , Tennyson David , Waldram Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe the geometry of generic heterotic backgrounds preserving minimal supersymmetry in four dimensions using the language of generalised geometry. They are characterised by an SU(3) × Spin(6 + n) structure within O(6, 6 + n) × ℝ+ generalised geometry. Supersymmetry of the background is encoded in the existence of an involutive subbundle of the generalised tangent bundle and the vanishing of a moment map for the action of diffeomorphisms and gauge symmetries. We give both the superpotential and the Kähler potential for a generic background, showing that the latter defines a natural Hitchin functional for heterotic geometries. Intriguingly, this formulation suggests new connections to geometric invariant theory and an extended notion of stability. Finally we show that the analysis of infinitesimal deformations of these geometric structures naturally reproduces the known cohomologies that count the massless moduli of supersymmetric heterotic backgrounds.
Dual S-matrix bootstrap. Part I. 2D theory
Authors: Guerrieri Andrea L. , Homrich Alexandre , Vieira Pedro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using duality in optimization theory we formulate a dual approach to the S-matrix bootstrap that provides rigorous bounds to 2D QFT observables as a consequence of unitarity, crossing symmetry and analyticity of the scattering matrix. We then explain how to optimize such bounds numerically, and prove that they provide the same bounds obtained from the usual primal formulation of the S-matrix Bootstrap, at least once convergence is attained from both perspectives. These techniques are then applied to the study of a gapped system with two stable particles of different masses, which serves as a toy model for bootstrapping popular physical systems.
Intersections of loci of admissible covers with tautological classes
Authors: Schmitt Johannes , van Zelm Jason 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor a finite groupG, let$$\overline{\mathcal {H}}_{g,G,\xi }$$H¯g,G,ξbe the stack of admissibleG-covers$$C\rightarrow D$$C→Dof stable curves with ramification data$$\xi $$ξ,$$g(C)=g$$g(C)=gand$$g(D)=g'$$g(D)=g′. There are source and target morphisms$$\phi :\overline{\mathcal {H}}_{g,G,\xi }\rightarrow \overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,r}$$ϕ:H¯g,G,ξ→M¯g,rand$$\delta :\overline{\mathcal {H}}_{g,G,\xi }\rightarrow \overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g',b}$$δ:H¯g,G,ξ→M¯g′,b, remembering the curvesCandDtogether with the ramification or branch points of the cover respectively. In this paper we study admissible cover cycles, i.e. cycles of the form$$\phi _* [\overline{\mathcal {H}}_{g,G,\xi }]$$ϕ∗[H¯g,G,ξ]. Examples include the fundamental classes of the loci of hyperelliptic or bielliptic curvesCwith marked ramification points. The two main results of this paper are as follows: firstly, for the gluing morphism$$\xi _A:\overline{\mathcal {M}}_A\rightarrow \overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,r}$$ξA:M¯A→M¯g,rassociated to a stable graphAwe give a combinatorial formula for the pullback$$\xi ^*_A \phi _*[\overline{\mathcal {H}}_{g,G,\xi }]$$ξA∗ϕ∗[H¯g,G,ξ]in terms of spaces of admissibleG-covers and$$\psi $$ψclasses. This allows us to describe the intersection of the cycles$$\phi _*[\overline{\mathcal {H}}_{g,G,\xi }]$$ϕ∗[H¯g,G,ξ]with tautological classes. Secondly, the pull–push$$\delta _*\phi ^*$$δ∗ϕ∗sends tautological classes to tautological classes and we give an explicit combinatorial description of this map. We show how to use the pullbacks to algorithmically compute tautological expressions for cycles of the form$$\phi _* [\overline{\mathcal {H}}_{g,G,\xi }]$$ϕ∗[H¯g,G,ξ]. In particular, we compute the classes "Equation missing"and "Equation missing"of the hyperelliptic loci in$$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_5$$M¯5and$$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_6$$M¯6and the class "Equation missing"of the bielliptic locus in$$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_4$$M¯4.
Zementembolie in die V. cava nach Pedikelschraubenaugmentation
Authors: David S. , Kleber F. X. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEine 52-jährige Frau erlitt nach einem Sturz neben einer stabilen Fraktur von Brustwirbelkörper (BWK) 12 eine instabile Fraktur von Lendenwirbelkörper (LWK) 3 ohne neurologische Ausfälle. Neben der Ballonkyphoplastie von BWK 12 wurde die perkutane Fixateur-interne-Instrumentierung von LWK 2–4 mit zementaugmentierten Pedikelschrauben vorgenommen. Hierbei kam es zu Zementaustritten in die V. cava inferior. Diese Zementanteile wurden nach beginnender Ablösung endovaskulär entfernt. Der postinterventionelle Verlauf war unkompliziert.
Der juvenile Granulosazelltumor – der Hodentumor der Kleinsten
Authors: Haider Maximilian , Comploj Evi , Hofmann Aybike , Rösch Wolfgang H. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer juvenile Granulosazelltumor (JGZT) des Hodens ist eine relevante Differentialdiagnose testikulärer Raumforderungen des Säuglingsalters. Es handelt sich um eine benigne Läsion, die Therapie ist rein chirurgisch. Metastasierungen oder Rezidive sind nicht bekannt. Am Beispiel von drei Kasuistiken wird das aktuelle diagnostische und therapeutische Management vorgestellt und diskutiert.
The Free-Fermion Eight-Vertex Model: Couplings, Bipartite Dimers and Z-Invariance
Authors: Melotti Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the eight-vertex model at its free-fermion point. We express a new “switching” symmetry of the model in several forms: partition functions, order-disorder variables, couplings, Kasteleyn matrices. This symmetry can be used to relate free-fermion 8V-models to free-fermion 6V-models, or bipartite dimers. We also define new solution of the Yang–Baxter equations in a “checkerboard” setting, and a corresponding Z-invariant model. Using the bipartite dimers of Boutillier et al. (Probab Theory Relat Fields 174:235–305, 2019), we give exact local formulas for edge correlations in the Z-invariant free-fermion 8V-model on lozenge graphs, and we deduce the construction of an ergodic Gibbs measure.
Analysis of astrovirus transmission pathways in a free-ranging fission-fusion colony of Natterer’s bats (Myotis nattereri)
Authors: Zeus Veronika M. , Köhler Arian , Reusch Christine , Fischer Kerstin , Balkema-Buschmann Anne , Kerth Gerald 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bats are a diverse and widespread order of mammals. They fulfill critical ecosystem roles but may also act as reservoirs and spreaders for zoonotic agents. Consequently, many recent studies have focused on the potential of bats to spread diseases to other animals and to humans. However, virus transmission networks within bat colonies remain largely unexplored. We studied the detection rate and transmission pathway of astroviruses in a free-ranging Natterer’s bat colony (Myotis nattereri) that exhibits a high fission-fusion dynamic. Based on automatic roost monitoring data of radio-frequency identification tagged bats, we assessed the impact of the strength of an individual’s roosting associations with all other colony members (weighted degree), and the number of roost sites (bat boxes) an individual used—both being proxies for individual exposure risk—on the detected presence of astrovirus-related nucleic acid in individual swab samples. Moreover, we tested to which degree astrovirus sequence types were shared between individuals that frequently roosted together, as proxy for direct transmission risk, and between bats sharing the same roost sites in close temporal succession, as proxy for indirect transmission risk. Neither roosting associations nor the number of different roost sites had an effect on detected virus presence in individual bats. Transmission network data suggest that astroviruses are transmitted both via direct and indirect contact, implying that roost sites pose a risk of astrovirus infection for several days after the bats leave them. Our study offers novel insights in the presence and transmission of viruses within social networks of bat colonies.

Significance statement
Bats provide many ecosystem services but have moved into the focus of virological research as potential carriers of zoonotic disease agents. However, the sparse information available about virus transmission within bat colonies is solely based on simulated transmission data. In this field study, we examined the daily roosting behavior in a wild bat colony in relation to the presence of viruses in individual colony members. Our findings suggest that astroviruses are transmitted by direct contact and via contaminated roost sites. Bats typically defecate in their roost sites, and astroviruses can remain infectious in feces for several days. The here observed virus diversity and roosting behavior suggest that bats can contract astroviruses even if they use contaminated roost sites days after infected individuals have left. This study provides first-time insights in the transmission of astroviruses within bat colonies in the wild.
Genetic background influences expression and function of the cation channel TRPM4 in the mouse heart
Authors: Medert Rebekka , Pironet Andy , Bacmeister Lucas , Segin Sebastian , Londoño Juan E. Camacho , Vennekens Rudi , Freichel Marc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) cation channels act in cardiomyocytes as a negative modulator of the L-type Ca2+ current. Ubiquitous Trpm4 deletion in mice leads to an increased β-adrenergic inotropy in healthy mice as well as after myocardial infarction. In this study, we set out to investigate cardiac inotropy in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific Trpm4 deletion. The results guided us to investigate the relevance of TRPM4 for catecholamine-evoked Ca2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes and inotropy in vivo in TRPM4-deficient mouse models of different genetic background. Cardiac hemodynamics were investigated using pressure–volume analysis. Surprisingly, an increased β-adrenergic inotropy was observed in global TRPM4-deficient mice on a 129SvJ genetic background, but the inotropic response was unaltered in mice with global and cardiomyocyte-specific TRPM4 deletion on the C57Bl/6N background. We found that the expression of TRPM4 proteins is about 78 ± 10% higher in wild-type mice on the 129SvJ versus C57Bl/6N background. In accordance with contractility measurements, our analysis of the intracellular Ca2+ transients revealed an increase in ISO-evoked Ca2+ rise in Trpm4-deficient cardiomyocytes of the 129SvJ strain, but not of the C57Bl/6N strain. No significant differences were observed between the two mouse strains in the expression of other regulators of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis. We conclude that the relevance of TRPM4 for cardiac contractility depends on homeostatic TRPM4 expression levels or the genetic endowment in different mouse strains as well as on the health/disease status. Therefore, the concept of inhibiting TRPM4 channels to improve cardiac contractility needs to be carefully explored in specific strains and species and prospectively in different genetically diverse populations of patients.
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Leishmania infantum in dogs in Sardinia (Italy), an endemic island for leishmaniasis
Authors: Tamponi Claudia , Scarpa Fabio , Carta Silvia , Knoll Stephane , Sanna Daria , Gai Carolina , Pipia Anna Paola , Dessì Giorgia , Casu Marco , Varcasia Antonio , Scala Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a widespread, vector-borne parasitosis causing clinical manifestations in animals and in humans. In dogs, Canine Leishmaniasis has been reported in as much as 50 countries and the Mediterranean basin is known to be one of the most affected zones. Within these areas, the Island of Sardinia (Italy) has long been considered endemic for leishmaniasis and the presence of two arthropod vectors has recently been reported there. Nevertheless, to date, no epidemiological surveys regarding CanL have been carried out on the island. Hence, for the first time, the seroprevalence and the risk factors were investigated. Blood samples, as well as clinical and general information from 1.147 dogs, were collected and analyzed. Dogs consisted of two distinct populations, namely “owned dogs” and “kennel dogs.” Anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies were detected using IFAT and samples were scored as positive at a cut-off dilution of 1:80. Data was analyzed using a Chi-squared test and bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Overall, 15.4% of dogs were found to be infected with CanL while only 44.1% of these animals exhibited clinical signs. Owned dogs (27.2%) were found to be infected more often than kennel dogs (10.6%); male dogs were found to be more frequently infected than female dogs and the number of infected animals increases with age. The present survey confirmed the endemic nature of leishmaniasis in Sardinia with a similar seroprevalence as mainland Italy. The results obtained serve as validation for the hypothesis that, in endemic areas, clinical CanL representations constitute only a fraction of the leishmaniasis cases.
Investigation of damage to the water network of Uki City from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake: derivation of damage functions and construction of infrastructure loss scenarios
Authors: Gehl Pierre , Matsushima Shinichi , Masuda Shunsuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (main-shock: Mw 7.0, April 16th) has induced a widespread disruption of lifeline systems across the affected area. In Uki City (Kumamoto prefecture, Japan), water supply had been intermittently cut off for several days: as a result, around 50 repair operations on various locations of the underground pipeline system have been carried out by municipal services. In order to better constrain the vulnerability of such infrastructure with respect to future earthquakes, the collected empirical data is exploited to derive repair-rate functions for ductile pipelines (ductile iron and polyvinyl chloride) of small diameter (less than 100 mm). Due to the relatively low number of data points over a limited range of seismic intensity, the derivation of purely empirical damage function appears to be subject to significant statistical biases. Therefore, a Bayesian updating framework is adopted, where prior information on the parameters of the repair-rate function is estimated from existing damage functions from the literature. Moreover, the uncertainty related to the characterization of the Peak Ground Velocity at the location of the pipelines is taken into account by: (i) the generation of shake-maps with different assumptions on ground-motion prediction equations or fault models, and (ii) the inclusion of a spatially correlated field of the intra-event shake-map error term (i.e., modelling of the inherent variability of the seismic intensity). The results show that the derived repair-rate equation is consistent with some existing functions for ductile and earthquake-resistant pipeline segments. The effect of specific land conditions (e.g., topographic/geological factors) is also investigated, with the possibility to further parametrize the repair-rate function. Finally, the developed damage functions are applied to stochastic simulations of the seismic performance of the water network, while keeping track of various sources of uncertainties and quantifying their impact on the system’s loss distribution.
Melting temperature versus crystallinity: new way for identification and analysis of multiple endotherms of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Ronkay Ferenc , Molnár Béla , Nagy Dóra , Szarka Györgyi , Iván Béla , Kristály Ferenc , Mertinger Valéria , Bocz Katalin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials with different molecular weights were isothermally crystallized from melt by systematically varying the temperature and duration of the treatment performed in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Multiple endotherm peaks were observed on the subsequent heating thermograms that were separated from each other on the basis of their melting temperature versus crystallization temperature and melting temperature versus crystallinity function. By this new approach five sub-peak sets were identified and then comprehensively characterised. Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD) analyses revealed that the identified sub-peak sets do not differ in crystalline forms. By analysing the crystallinity and the melting temperature of the sub-peak sets as a function of crystallization time, crystallization temperature and intrinsic viscosity, it was concluded that below the crystallization temperature of 460 K the sub-peak sets that were formed during primary or secondary crystallization transform partially or completely to a third sub-peak set during the heating run of the measurement, while above this temperature, the sub-peak set formed during primary crystallization gradually transforms to a more stable structure, with higher melting temperature. These formations and transformations are described with mathematically defined parameters as well.
The Association between Patient Activation and Outcomes among Severely Mentally Ill Patients
Authors: Forma Felicia , Clerie Jennifer , Davis Tigwa , Clovie Kelly , Ruetsch Charles 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the association between patient activation, health, service utilization, and cost among mental health (MH) patients. Patients aged 18 to 64 with schizophrenia (Sz, n = 43), bipolar disorder (BD, n = 59), or major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 34) completed the Patient Activation Measure for Mental Health (PAM-MH), the Colorado Symptom Index, demographic, socioeconomic, treatment, and social support questionnaire items. Average PAM-MH score indicated BD patients the most activated (66.6 ± 17.5), Sz (57.4 ± 10.4) less activated, and MDD the least activated (55.4 ± 14.6). The MDD cohort had the highest ($27,616 ± 26,229) and the BD had the lowest total annual healthcare cost ($18,312 ± 25,091). PAM-MH score was inversely correlated with healthcare costs and regression analysis showed a PAM-MH score × gender interaction. The strongest negative relationship between PAM and cost was for males. These analyses support the inverse association between PAM-MH and healthcare service utilization and cost.
Cracking of Copper Brazed Steel Joints Due to Precipitation of MnS upon Cooling
Authors: Varanasi Dheeraj , Koncz-Horvath Daniel , Sycheva Anna , Baumli Peter , Kaptay George 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe process of brazing of different steel grades by pure liquid copper foil was studied to reveal the critical conditions when cracks do or do not appear in the braze upon cooling without any external load. Steel grades C45 (S 0.030 wt.%, no Mn and no Cr), S103 (Mn 0.25 wt.% and S 0.020 wt.% with no Cr), CK60 (0.75 wt.% Mn, 0.07 wt.% S and 0.15 wt.% Cr) and EN 1.4034 (Cr 12 wt.%, Mn 1.0 wt.% and S 0.035 wt.%) are studied under identical conditions using copper foils of 70-microns-thick. The samples were held above the melting point of copper at 1100 °C under high vacuum for different time durations (between 180 and 3600 s) and then cooled spontaneously. The joints were found cracked during cooling after a certain critical holding time. This critical holding time for cracking was found to decrease with increasing the Mn content and the S content of steel. It is observed that cracking is due to the precipitation of a critical amount of MnS phase upon cooling. The MnS/Cu interface is the weakest interface in the joint (with adhesion ensured only by van-der-Waals bonds), which is broken/separated upon cooling due to difference in heat expansion coefficients of the sulfide and copper phases. Higher is the Mn and S content, shorter is the probable time required for crack to appear in the joint. The braze integrity diagram is constructed as function of solubility product of MnS in steel and holding time showing a stable crack-free technological region and an unstable technological region with high probability of crack formation.