bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additional Analytical Support for a New Method to Compute the Likelihood of Diversification Models
Authors: Laudanno Giovanni , Haegeman Bart , Etienne Rampal S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMolecular phylogenies have been increasingly recognized as an important source of information on species diversification. For many models of macroevolution, analytical likelihood formulas have been derived to infer macroevolutionary parameters from phylogenies. A few years ago, a general framework to numerically compute such likelihood formulas was proposed, which accommodates models that allow speciation and/or extinction rates to depend on diversity. This framework calculates the likelihood as the probability of the diversification process being consistent with the phylogeny from the root to the tips. However, while some readers found the framework presented in Etienne et al. (Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 279(1732):1300–1309, 2012) convincing, others still questioned it (personal communication), despite numerical evidence that for special cases the framework yields the same (i.e., within double precision) numerical value for the likelihood as analytical formulas do that were independently derived for these special cases. Here we prove analytically that the likelihoods calculated in the new framework are correct for all special cases with known analytical likelihood formula. Our results thus add substantial mathematical support for the overall coherence of the general framework.
How and What Can Humans Learn from Being in the Loop?
Authors: Abdel-Karim Benjamin M. , Pfeuffer Nicolas , Rohde Gernot , Hinz Oliver 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the counterpart of interactive machine learning, i.e., human learning while being in the loop in a human-machine collaboration. For such cases we propose the use of a Contradiction Matrix to assess the overlap and the contradictions of human and machine predictions. We show in a small-scaled user study with experts in the area of pneumology (1) that machine-learning based systems can classify X-rays with respect to diseases with a meaningful accuracy, (2) humans partly use contradictions to reconsider their initial diagnosis, and (3) that this leads to a higher overlap between human and machine diagnoses at the end of the collaboration situation. We argue that disclosure of information on diagnosis uncertainty can be beneficial to make the human expert reconsider her or his initial assessment which may ultimately result in a deliberate agreement. In the light of the observations from our project, it becomes apparent that collaborative learning in such a human-in-the-loop scenario could lead to mutual benefits for both human learning and interactive machine learning. Bearing the differences in reasoning and learning processes of humans and intelligent systems in mind, we argue that interdisciplinary research teams have the best chances at tackling this undertaking and generating valuable insights.
Synergies in Innovation: Lessons Learnt from Innovation Ethics for Responsible Innovation
Authors: Bourban Michel , Rochel Johan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper draws on the emerging field of innovation ethics (IE) to complement the more established field of responsible innovation (RI) by focusing on key ethical issues raised by technological innovations. One key limitation of influential frameworks of RI is that they tend to neglect some key ethical issues raised by innovation, as well as major normative dimensions of the notion of responsibility. We explain how IE could enrich RI by stressing the more important role that ethical analysis should play in RI. We focus on two transversal issues of IE: the issue of redrawing conceptual boundaries, especially the topic of the artificialization of the world, and the issue of responsibility, especially the notion of total responsibility. We address these two issues from the thematic perspective of IE, thereby generating lessons learnt for RI. These two examples are taken as illustrations and blueprint of the dialogue that should take place between the two fields.
Parametric study of dynamic inter-array cable systems for floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Rentschler Manuel U. T. , Adam Frank , Chainho Paulo , Krügel Kilian , Vicente Pedro C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rapid emergence of the floating offshore wind sector requires the development of new technologies such as dynamic inter-array cables. This work gives an insight into the hydrostatic predesign of such a cable system looking from side view. Numerical analyses are performed to compare two umbilical shapes, namely catenary and lazy wave shape. In a parametric study, water depth and cable length are varied. As outcome, a unique and generalized recommendation for a first umbilical design is presented. Finally, an outlook to the dynamic analysis of umbilicals in future work is given.
Patient Input to Inform the Development of Central Nervous System Outcome Measures in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: White Molly 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) are multisystem, genetic disorders caused by repeat expansions on chromosome 19 (DM1) and chromosome 3 (DM2). Although the effects of DM on the skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, as well as the endocrine and central nervous systems, can be disabling, there are no disease-modifying therapies for the disorder. Following a process established by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2012 known as the Patient-Focused Drug Development (PFDD) Initiative, Myotonic (formerly the Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation) has been conducting patient- and caregiver-inclusive sessions to explore disease burden as defined by patients and caregivers, and what affected individuals want most from potential new therapies. In September 2017, at Myotonic’s annual conference, a session titled “Bringing the Patient Voice to CNS-Targeting Drug Development in Myotonic Dystrophy” attracted some 350 members of the DM community. During the session, patients and caregivers described CNS disease symptoms, their impact on quality of life, and potential CNS-related targets that they considered important for drug development consideration. These included fatigue and daytime sleepiness; dysregulated sleep; cognitive deficits such as “brain fog,” memory and focus impairment, learning and attention difficulties, and time management challenges; emotional/psychological/behavioral difficulties, including impulsivity, apathy, antisocial behavior, personality changes, and depression; social difficulties, including disconnection, lack of awareness, and feelings of isolation; and general anxieties about the future and potential loss of independence. Improvements in memory and lessening of “brain fog” were considered particularly important.
Entanglements of matter and meaning: The importance of the philosophy of Karen Barad for environmental education
Authors: Brown Shae L. , Siegel Lisa , Blom Simone M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rich and innovative ideas of quantum physicist and feminist theorist Karen Barad have much to offer environmental educators in terms of practical theories for teaching and learning. This article shares insights gained from a facilitated conversation at the Australian Association for Environmental Education (AAEE) Conference Research Symposium, and offers an introduction to Barad’s theories for environmental educators. At this time of challenging planetary imperatives, environmental education is increasingly called upon to contribute to students’ understanding of connectedness, and Barad’s theory ofagential realismprovides a way to think about, articulate and engage with connectedness as inherent within the world rather than something we need to create. By consideringentanglementas a fundamental state, we understand that separateness is not the original state of being. This shift in perspective supports a subtle yet powerful approach to knowledge, communication and collaboration, understanding difference as integral within the world’s entangled becoming. The convened conversation sought to explore Barad’s thinking by defining and discussing the concepts ofagential realism,intra-action,material-discursivity,phenomenaanddiffraction. Barad’s ideas were used to collectively explore what it means to be intraconnected and entangled in today’s world, and specifically how these concepts and experiences relate to our work and lives as environmental educators and researchers.
Static test of a variable stiffness thermoplastic composite wingbox under shear, bending and torsion
Authors: Zucco G. , Oliveri V. , Rouhi M. , Telford R. , Clancy G. , McHale C. , O’Higgins R. , Young T.M. , Weaver P.M. , Peeters D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAutomated manufacturing of thermoplastic composites has found increased interest in aerospace applications over the past three decades because of its great potential in low-cost, high rate, repeatable production of high performance composite structures. Experimental validation is a key element in the development of structures made using this emerging technology. In this work, a
$750\times640\times240$
mm variable-stiffness unitised integrated-stiffener out-of-autoclave thermoplastic composite wingbox is tested for a combined shear-bending-torsion induced buckling load. The wingbox is manufactured by in-situ consolidation using a laser-assisted automated tape placement technique. It is made and tested as a demonstrator section located at 85% of the wing semi-span of a B-737/A320 sized aircraft. A bespoke in-house test rig and two aluminium dummy wingboxes are also designed and manufactured for testing the wingbox assembly which spans more than 3m. Prior to testing, the wingbox assembly and the test rig were analysed using a high fidelity finite element method to minimise the failure risk due to the applied load case. The experimental test results of the wingbox are also compared with the predictions made by a numerical study performed by nonlinear finite element analysis showing less than 5% difference in load-displacement behaviour and buckling load and full agreement in predicting the buckling mode shape.
Internet addiction in high school and university students: an evaluation in terms of various psychological, social and personal variables
Authors: Odaci Hatice , Değerli Fatma Irem , Cikrikci Neslihan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to examine internet addiction among high school and university students in terms of interpersonal relationships, automatic thoughts and problem-solving skills. The sample of the study comprised a total of 480 participants: 195 (40.6%) high school and 285 (59.4%) university students. Females constituted 53.3% (256) of the participants and males 46.7% (224). In addition to a Personal Information Form, the Interpersonal Relationship Styles Scale, Automatic Thoughts Scale, Problem Solving Inventory and Internet Addiction Scale, for which validity, reliability and adaptation studies were performed, were used for data collection. A significant difference was determined between the groups with no or limited symptoms of internet addiction in terms of inhibitory interpersonal relationship styles, automatic thoughts and problem-solving skills. Inhibitory interpersonal relationships, automatic thoughts and problem-solving skills were identified as predictive of internet addiction.
BEYOND THE NATION-STATE: A NETWORK ANALYSIS OF JEWISH EMIGRATION FROM NORTHERN MOROCCO TO ISRAEL
Authors: Moreno Aviad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe post-1948 mass migration of Jews from Arab Muslim countries to Israel is widely seen by scholars as a direct result of decolonization and rising nationalism across the Middle East and North Africa, coupled with the emigration and immigration policies of regional powers. In this article I draw on local histories of northern Morocco to critique the existing literature. I apply new methods to reconceptualize that migratory experience as shaped by social and cultural processes, albeit ones that interacted with nationalist state policies. I provide a multilayered macro- and microanalysis of the process of Jewish emigration from northern Morocco and point to the transregional, interpersonal, communal, and institutional networks that jointly shaped the dynamic character and pace of migration to Israel (and to Europe and the Americas) among local Jews.
Eurytrema coelomaticum: updated morphology of adult worms using advanced microscopy experiments
Authors: Leite K.G. , Lopes-Torres E.J. , Souza J.G.R. , Neves R.H. , Gomes D.C. , Machado-Silva J.R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Eurytrema coelomaticum is a digenean flatworm of ruminants that is the causative agent of eurytrematosis, a disease of veterinary health concern. Although modern techniques of morphological analysis have provided new insights about the morphology and anatomy of parasitic helminths, most studies on E. coelomaticum adults are based on conventional light microscopy. In the present study, a combined approach using brightfield, fluorescence, confocal and scanning electron microscopies (SEMs), together with the cryofracture technique, have updated morphological data on E. coelomaticum recovered from cattle in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Light microscopy confirmed the presence of several structures present in the current description, such as suckers, pharynx, oesophagus, intestinal bifurcation and the cirrus-sac. Fluorescence stereomicroscopy revealed for the first time the cubic crystal protein inclusions in the forebody, which were further detailed by confocal and SEMs. Confocal microscopy provided detailed information of the muscular architecture associated with the attachment structures (suckers), digestive system (pharynx and oesophagus), egg-forming complex (ovary, Mehlis’ gland and Laurer's canal) and male reproductive system, which are similar to those found in other digenean flukes. SEM images of cryofractured parasites showed mucus and developing eggs within uterine loops. It was demonstrated that the combination of advanced tools generated complementary information, confirming the importance of experimental morphology in parasitology. Therefore, the knowledge of the adult structural organization of E. coelomaticum was improved and this work has contributed to propose new morphological criteria to evaluate the effects of antiparasitic drugs on flukes of medical and veterinary importance.
Using lizards to evaluate the influence of average abundance on the variance of endoparasites in semiarid areas: dispersion and assemblage structure
Authors: Araujo Filho J.A. , Teixeira A.A.M. , Teles D.A. , Rocha S.M. , Almeida W.O. , Mesquita D.O. , Lacerda A.C.F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe distribution of parasites within host populations and communities, and the mechanisms responsible for these patterns, are poorly understood aspects of wildlife parasitology. Here, we evaluate the influence of the average abundance of endoparasite variance, using endoparasites of lizards from the Caatinga domain (semiarid region), north-eastern Brazil. We hypothesized that, due to the high number of generalist endoparasite species, they may occur randomly throughout host populations in an aggregate pattern. In addition, we evaluated the degree to which sample variance is influenced by the average abundance of endoparasite species, patterns of co-occurrence and dominance among endoparasite species and similarities between abundance and the richness of endoparasite infracommunities in several host species. Between September 2015 and February 2016, 2141 lizards (1233 infected) from 16 species were collected from six Caatinga areas. In total, 25,687 endoparasites were collected, which belonged to 13 species including nematodes, pentastomids, cestodes, trematodes and acanthocephalans. Parasite–host associations documented here included 39 newly identified interactions. Endoparasites occurred in a typical aggregate pattern of distribution within their hosts; there was no measurable preference related to the acquisition of hosts by endoparasites. Despite the new records, endoparasites found were commonly associated with lizards in Caatinga environments, which may reflect fauna composed of generalist endoparasite species.
Comparison of endoscopic butterfly-inlay versus endoscopic push-through myringoplasty in repairing anterior perforations of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Gülşen S , Erden B 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the surgical and functional results of endoscopic butterfly-inlay cartilage myringoplasty and endoscopic push-through myringoplasty in the treatment of anterior perforation of the tympanic membrane.MethodThis open-label randomised clinical study was conducted on 71 patients with small- and medium-sized anterior perforations of the tympanic membrane. Graft success rate, hearing results, operative time and complications were analysed.ResultsGraft success rates for endoscopic butterfly-inlay cartilage myringoplasty and endoscopic push-through myringoplasty were 94.1 and 91.8 per cent, respectively (p > 0.05). Post-operative air–bone gap values significantly improved in both the endoscopic butterfly-inlay cartilage myringoplasty and endoscopic push-through myringoplasty groups. The average operative time was significantly shorter in the endoscopic butterfly-inlay cartilage myringoplasty group (31.5 minutes) compared to the endoscopic push-through myringoplasty group (41.7 minutes; p < 0.05).ConclusionWhen compared with the endoscopic push-through myringoplasty, the endoscopic butterfly-inlay cartilage myringoplasty technique, which is technically easier to perform, does not require packing and has a shorter operating time. It is a reasonable approach for repair of anterior perforations of the tympanic membrane.
Life history traits and interactions of Stylops advarians (Strepsiptera) with its bee host, Andrena milwaukeensis
Authors: Balzer Zach S. , Davis Arthur R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpecimens of Stylops advarians were sampled by collecting foraging bees of Andrena milwaukeensis along the South Saskatchewan River within Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. As the foraging season progressed from early May till late June over three consecutive years (2016–2018), most stylopized bees possessed endoparasitic adult (neotenic) females of S. advarians protruding from the bee gaster's dorsum. In contrast, very few adult bees stylopized by male puparia, and no free-living males, were encountered. Over the sampling period, prevalence remained around 22% each year; mean intensity was 1.2 (range of 1–3 female parasites per bee); and parasite abundance was 0.27. Also newly reported for Stylops is the occurrence of one bee bearing four Stylops (two neotenic females and two males with puparia), plus another bee with a male puparium extruded from its gaster's sternites. Around 2 May each year, a high proportion of the earliest captured female bees were stylopized. However, non-stylopized female bees typically were not encountered until about 10 days later, suggesting the parasites manipulate female bee hosts to emerge earlier, in close synchrony to male bee emergence. First-instar larvae of S. advarians appeared from 22–25 May, indicating that adults of S. advarians matured and mated at similar times each season.
Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables: a review
Authors: Berrouch Salma , Escotte-Binet Sandie , Harrak Rajae , Huguenin Antoine , Flori Pierre , Favennec Loïc , Villena Isabelle , Hafid Jamaleddine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the ways of human parasitic infection is the accidental ingestion of vegetables contaminated with parasites, which represents a major human health hazard. This non-exhaustive review aims to evaluate studies carried out on five types of vegetables (lettuce, parsley, coriander, carrot and radish) since 2000, particularly the methods used for recovery, concentration, detection and identification of protozoan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp., and the results of each work. Various studies have determined the presence of pathogenic parasites in fresh vegetables with different rates; this variation in rate depends particularly on the detection method used which is related to each parasite and each vegetable type. The variation in parasitic prevalence in food could be due to different factors such as the geographical location, the size of analysed samples and the methods used for parasite detection.
Antarctica and Africa: Narrating alternate futures
Authors: Lavery Charne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAfrica has been marginalised in the history of Antarctica, a politics of exclusion (with the exception of Apartheid South Africa) reflected unsurprisingly by a dearth of imaginative, cultural and literary engagement. But, in addition to paleontological and geophysical links, Antarctica has increasing interrelationship with Africa’s climactic future. Africa is widely predicted to be the continent worst affected by climate change, and Antarctica and its surrounding Southern Ocean are uniquely implicated as crucial mediators for changing global climate and currents, rainfall patterns, and sea level rise. This paper proposes that there are in fact several ways of imagining the far South from Africa in literary and cultural terms. One is to read against the grain for southern-directed perspectives in existing African literature and the arts, from southern coastlines looking south; another is to reexamine both familiar and new, speculative narratives of African weather – drought, flood and change – for their Antarctic entanglements. In the context of ongoing work on postcolonial Antarctica and calls to decolonise Antarctic studies – such readings can begin to bridge the Antarctica–Africa divide.
Older Adults’ Views on the Repositioning of Primary and Community Care
Authors: Hulko Wendy , Mirza Noeman , Seeley Lori 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTOlder adults are rarely consulted on health care restructuring. To address this gap, our study explored older adults’ views on “repositioning”, a restructuring initiative to support independent living for older adults with complex chronic disease (CCD). We collected and analysed data from 83 older adults living in one small city and nine rural small towns where “repositioning” of primary and community care was occurring. Average participant age was 75 years; 56 (67%) were women, 44 (53%) had CCD, and 20 (24%) identified as Indigenous or South Asian. The four themes were: unfamiliarity with repositioning; optimism versus skepticism; improving primary and community care (through better home care, improved transportation, and more doctors); and, playing an active role to effect change. For repositioning to be successful, diverse service users must be fully included; rural-dwelling older adults’ priorities for primary and community care need to be addressed, rather than using a “cookie-cutter” approach.
Willem Banning and the Reform of Socialism in the Netherlands
Authors: Molendijk Arie L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 1947 the liberal Protestant minister Willem Banning drafted a new programme for the Labour Party, in which the party dropped the Marxist view of history and class struggle. New Labour in the Netherlands was envisioned as a party that strove for a democratic and just society. Banning's role in reforming the Labour Party was part of his broader project of breaking down structures of socio-political segregation that had existed since the end of the nineteenth century. Banning argued that the Labour Party had to abandon its atheist ideology to open up to Protestants and Catholics. This article will examine Banning's views and ideals and show how he contributed to the transformation of Labour into a social democratic party and seek answer to the question: how could a liberal Protestant minister become the main ideologue of the Labour Party?