bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forming temperature of ethylene vinyl acetate sheets for fabrication of vacuum‐formed mouthguards
Authors: Mizuhashi Ryo , Ogura Ichiro , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Oohashi Makoto , Sekiguchi Hirokazu , Saegusa Hisato , Mizuhashi Fumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsThe appropriate heating temperature for the fabrication of mouthguards using ethylene vinyl acetate sheets is reported to be 80‐120°C. However, the measurement side of the heating temperature has not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the measurement side of the heating temperature when fabricating mouthguards.Materials and methodsMouthguard sheets of 3.8 mm ethylene vinyl acetate were vacuum‐formed on working models until the sheet was heated to 120°C. The sheet temperature was measured at the upper side and the lower side. The thickness of the mouthguard was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor, and the buccal and occlusal surfaces of the first molar. The fit of the mouthguard was examined at the central incisor and the first molar by measuring the distance between the mouthguard and the cervical margin of the working model. Differences in the thickness and fit of the mouthguards were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsMouthguard thickness varied among the measured regions of the central incisors and first molars (P < .01). The thicknesses at the labial surface of the central incisor and buccal surface of the first molar were larger when the sheet temperature measured at the lower side was 120°C compared to when the sheet temperature measured at the upper side was 120°C (P < .01). The fit of the mouthguard was better when the sheet temperature measured at the lower side was 120°C (P < .05).ConclusionsThe sheet temperature should be measured at the lower side of the sheet and it should be 120°C for fabricating mouthguards.
A city‐wide survey of dental students’ opinions on undergraduate oral surgery teaching
Authors: Burdurlu Muammer Çağrı , Cabbar Fatih , Dağaşan Volkan , Çukurova Zeynep Gülen , Doğanay Özge , Yalçin Ülker Gül Merve , Atalay Berkem , Gönül Onur , Özçakır Tomruk Ceyda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to carry out a city‐wide survey to evaluate undergraduate students’ opinions on their oral surgery training by measuring their self‐confidence.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 383 3rd year, 412 4th year and 363 5th year undergraduate dental students from six dental schools in Istanbul with a mean age of 22.73 ± 1.55 was conducted towards the end of the academic year. A web link to the questionnaire was sent to the contact person at the participating dental schools. The questionnaires were anonymously evaluated. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Chi‐square tests were performed to examine the data. A P‐value of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsIn total, 1158 responses were returned, representing 67% of the overall students in the 2018‐2019 academic year. The male respondents were significantly more self‐confident than females in the general aspects of surgical skills. More than half of the respondents (53%) felt confident in oral surgery knowledge to undertake independent practice. Although 5th year respondents felt more confident in the general aspect of the questionnaire, their ability of differentiation of odontogenic and non‐odontogenic pain was lower than their counterparts. The majority (86%) of the participants disagreed that the only knowledge required for oral surgery was that of tooth and jaw anatomy.ConclusionThis survey revealed perceived confidence in tooth and retained root extraction. The male respondents were found to be more self‐confident. There is a need for improvement in surgical skills, recognition of malignancies and differentiation of the origin of the pain.
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide alleviates methotrexate‐induced cognitive impairment by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis via CHOP and caspase‐12
Authors: Lv Siyuan , Wu Ning , Wang Qiang , Yang Li‐Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate whether methotrexate (MTX) promotes cognitive impairment via increased ER stress and disrupted H2S signaling in the hippocampus and whether H2S may alleviate MTX‐induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting ER stress through CHOP and caspase‐12. Cognitive impairment behaviors were observed by Morris water maze test, and the apoptosis of neurons was assessed by TUNEL assay. The production of neurons was analyzed by DCX and Ki67 immunohistochemistry. The expressions of CHOP and caspase‐12 in the hippocampus were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. MTX increased the expression of CHOP and caspase‐12 and the number of TUNEL‐positive cells in the hippocampus by inhibiting endogenous H2S‐induced neuronal pyknosis in the hippocampal CA1 region. MTX decreased the number of DCX‐ and Ki67‐positive cells in the hippocampal DG region. The results of Morris water maze showed that MTX could damage the spatial memory of rats. The changes of MTX‐induced Morris water maze test in mice and H2S levels in serum and hippocampus, as well as the expression of CHOP and caspase‐12 and the number of CHOP and caspase‐12‐positive neurons in the hippocampus, indicated that H2S could alleviate the cognitive impairment induced by methotrexate through CHOP and caspase‐12.
Future climate change will severely reduce habitat suitability of the Critically Endangered Chinese giant salamander
Authors: Zhang Zhixin , Mammola Stefano , Liang Zhiqiang , Capinha César , Wei Qiwei , Wu Yuanan , Zhou Jin , Wang Chongrui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Being the largest extant amphibian in the world, the IUCN Critically Endangered Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus is a charismatic species with great international public interest. While threats such as commercial overexploitation and habitat degradation have been extensively documented to affect natural populations of A. davidianus, still no information is available about the species sensitivity to climate change.

Here, we develop an ensemble of species distribution models (SDMs) for A. davidianus and projected its habitat suitability under present‐day and future climate change scenarios. We based our SDMs on bioclimatic and topographic predictors, and recent (2012–2018) field‐collected occurrence data across the whole distribution range of the species.

The ensemble SDMs exhibited good predictive capacity and suggested that slope, maximum temperature of warmest month, precipitation of driest month, and isothermality are the most influential predictors in determining distribution patterns in this species. The projections of our models point to a pronounced impact of climate changes over A. davidianus, with more than two‐thirds of its suitable range expected to be lost in all scenarios of future climates tested.

In concert with the numerous other threats that are affecting this species, climate change poses a serious hindrance to the long‐term survival of A. davidianus. We emphasise the urgent need of undertaking strict measures to manage this species and safeguard the few remaining available suitable habitats. We suggest that adaptive management strategies including designation of new reserves should be considered to mitigate the impacts of climate change on A. davidianus.
Assessing the Impact of a Heated Basement on Groundwater Temperatures in Bratislava, Slovakia
Authors: Krcmar David , Flakova Renata , Ondrejkova Ivana , Hodasova Kamila , Rusnakova Daniela , Zenisova Zlatica , Zatlakovic Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGroundwater temperature is a useful hydrogeological parameter that is easy to measure and can provide much insight into groundwater flow systems, but can be difficult to interpret. For measuring temperature directly in the ground, dedicated specifically designed monitoring wells are recommended since conventional groundwater wells are not optimal for temperature monitoring. Multilevel monitoring of groundwater temperature is required to identify contributions of different possible heat inputs (sources) on measured temperature signals. Interpreting temperature data as a cosine function, including period, average temperature, amplitude, and phase offset, is helpful. Amplitude dampening and increasing phase shift with distance from a boundary can be used for estimation of transport parameters. Temperature measurements at different depths can be used for evaluation of unknown parameters of analytical functions by optimization of regression fits in Python. These estimated parameters can be used to calculate temperatures at known water table depths which can be applied as a fixed transient boundary condition in MT3DMS to overcome the limitations of MT3DMS heat transport modeling in the unsaturated zone. In this study, temperature monitoring and modeling was used to evaluate the influence of a department store's heated basement foundation on groundwater temperature within a green space (city park), with the main outcome that 17 years after construction, the department store foundation has increased the mean groundwater temperature by 3.2 °C. Heat input evaluated by the MT3DMS model varied from 0.1 W/m2 at a distance of 100 m up to 12 W/m2 next to the building.
Patients, caregivers and health‐care professionals’ experience with an interdisciplinary intervention for people with multimorbidity in primary care: A qualitative study
Authors: Ngangue Patrice Alain , Forgues Catherine , Nguyen Tu , Sasseville Maxime , Gallagher Frances , Loignon Christine , Stewart Moira , Belle Brown Judith , Chouinard Maud‐Christine , Fortin Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity challenges the health‐care system and requires innovative approaches. In 2015, a 4‐month patient‐centred interdisciplinary pragmatic intervention was implemented in primary care with the aim of supporting self‐management for patients with multimorbidity.ObjectiveTo explore the perceptions and experiences of health‐care professionals, patients and their caregivers with a 4‐month patient‐centred interdisciplinary pragmatic intervention in primary care.DesignA descriptive, qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews was conducted.Setting and participantsA purposive sample of 30 participants was recruited from seven family medicine groups including patients, caregivers and health‐care professionals (HCPs). Interviews were analysed using Thorne's interpretive description approach.ResultsFindings were grouped into the benefits and challenges of participating in the intervention. The programme allowed patients to adopt realistic and adapted objectives; to customize interventions to the patient's reality; and to help patients gain confidence, improve their knowledge, skills and motivation to manage their condition. Interprofessional collaboration eased the exchange of information via team meetings and electronic medical records. Challenges were related to collaboration, communication, coordination of work and integration of newly relocated HCPs mainly due to part‐time assignments and staff turnover. HCPs part‐time schedules limited their availability and hindered patients’ follow‐up.Discussion and conclusionThis intervention was useful and rewarding from the HCPs, patients and caregivers’ perspective. However, to ensure the success of this complex interdisciplinary intervention, implementers and managers should anticipate organizational barriers such as availability and time management of relocated HCPs.
Antibacterial effectiveness of calcium hydroxide alone or in combination with Ibuprofen and Ciprofloxacin in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Karataş E. , Baltacı M. Ö. , Uluköylü E. , Adıgüzel A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of Ca(OH)2 paste combined with Ibuprofen or Ciprofloxacin in infected root canals of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.MethodologyForty‐five patients were randomly divided into three groups using a web programme according to the medication selected: Ca(OH)2: 1 g Ca(OH)2 powder with 1 mL propylene glycol, Ca(OH)2 + Ibuprofen: 50 mg of Ibuprofen was added into 950 mg Ca(OH)2 powder and mixed with 1 mL propylene glycol, Ca(OH)2 + Ciprofloxacin: 50 mg of Ciprofloxacin was added into 950 mg Ca(OH)2 powder and mixed with 1 mL propylene glycol. Root canal bacteriological samples were collected before root canal treatment (S1) and after chemo‐mechanical procedures (S2). After root canal preparation, the intracanal medicaments were placed into the root canals to a level approximately 1 mm short of the working length using K‐files and access cavities were filled temporarily. The participants were scheduled for a second visit 7 days later when the medication was removed mechanically, and after irrigation of the root canals, the final samples (S3) were collected. Samples were subjected to quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the numbers of total bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus species. For intragroup analysis, a Friedman test was used to compare reduction of counts of total bacteria, Streptococci and E. faecalis amongst the three samples (S1, S2 and S3). The chi‐square test was used to compare the number of root canals positive for bacteria in S1, S2 and S3 amongst the groups.ResultsIntragroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in the number of intracanal bacterial cells from S1 to S2 and from S2 to S3 in all medication groups (P < 0.01). Although there was no significant difference amongst the groups when comparing quantitative S1 or S2 data, there were significantly lower bacterial counts in the Ca(OH)2 + Ciprofloxacin group (0.49 × 102) than the pure Ca(OH)2 (1.25 × 102) and Ca(OH)2 + Ibuprofen groups (0.76 × 102) at S3. The percentage reduction from S1 to S3 and from S2 to S3 was significantly greater in the Ca(OH)2 + Ciprofloxacin than the pure Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 + Ibuprofen groups (P < 0.05). In the Ca(OH)2 + Ciprofloxacin group, there were significantly fewer positive cases (8/15) than the pure Ca(OH)2 (13/15) and Ca(OH)2 + Ibuprofen (13/15) groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe addition of Ciprofloxacin to Ca(OH)2 provided further antibacterial effectiveness when used as an intracanal medicament in vivo during root canal treatment.
Direct‐bonded Al/Al2O3 using a transient eutectic liquid phase
Authors: Cheng Yun‐Hsiang , Lin Chien‐Cheng , Lin Kun‐Lin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDirected bonding with Al and Al2O3 was achieved using a transient liquid phase (TLP) method after annealing at the low melting point of Al, which deposited Ni, Cu, Ge, and Si on the Al2O3 substrate. Al/Al2O3 microstructures were evaluated using a scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. A reaction layer was absent at the Al/Al2O3 interface, and all deposited metal films dissolved into the Al foil and reacted with Al to form an eutectic liquid phase near the interface to wet and join with the Al2O3. Al9Fe2 and Al3Fe intermetallic compounds were formed in the Al substrate because of Fe precipitation, which is an impurity of Al foil, and the reaction with Al at the grain boundaries of Al. The bonding area percentage, shear strength, and thermal conductivity for Al and Al2O3 were assessed using scanning acoustic tomography (SAT), the ISO 13 124 shear strength test, and the laser flash method, respectively. The Al/Al2O3 specimen deposited with the Ni film had the highest shear strength (33.74 MPa), thermal conductivity (42.3 W/mK), and bonding area percentage (96.78%). The Al/Al2O3 specimens deposited with Ge and Si exhibited relatively poor bonding because of the oxidation of Ge and Si at the surface of Al2O3 before bonding with Al.
Effect of cold cap coverage and emissivity on the plenum temperature in a pilot‐scale waste vitrification melter
Authors: Abboud Alexander W. , Guillen Donna P. , Pokorny Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntegrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are being developed to model the complex physics occurring within the high‐level waste melter for vitrification of legacy tank waste at the Hanford site. This study presents a validation of the integrated CFD model by using data from two experimental runs in a pilot‐scale melter. While the model uses several simplifying assumptions (such as constant heat sinks from a cooling jacket and inleakage of ambient air, steady state feed‐to‐batch conversion heat, and a cold cap model with a simplified shape), it closely predicts the molten glass (1150°C and 1175°C) and plenum temperatures (550°C) obtained from thermocouples during two pilot‐scale tests, with an average cold cap coverage of 80%. Additional simulations were performed to explore the sensitivity of the predicted plenum temperatures to variations in cold cap coverage (fraction of melt surface covered by the glass batch) and batch emissivity. The plenum temperature was found to be in the range of 606°C when cold cap coverage decreased from 95% to 70%. Cold cap emissivity had a smaller effect, increasing the plenum temperature by as much as 179°C when cold cap emissivity increased from 0.2 to 0.8. Maintaining a high cold cap coverage without overfeeding is important for a sustained melter operation with high glass throughput. This work provides a tool for achieving that goal in terms of correlating the plenum temperature with the cold cap coverage.
Efficacy and safety profile of vismodegib in a real‐world setting cohort of patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma in Argentina
Authors: Cozzani Romina , del Aguila Roxana , Carrizo Mariano , Sanchez Sergio , Gonzalez Abel ,   ML29740 Investigators
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesVismodegib (Erivedge®), a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, is approved to treat metastatic or locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC) not suitable for surgery or radiotherapy. Our main objectives were to study the objective response rate (ORR) assessed by treating physicians and safety of vismodegib in a real‐world practice setting in Argentina.Material and MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study in real‐world practice. We included consecutive adult patients treated in Argentina with locally advanced or metastatic BCC not suitable for surgery or radiotherapy. Patients were followed until the end of the study, death, or loss to follow‐up, whichever occurred first. Patients received 150 mg vismodegib PO daily.ResultWe included in the analysis 63 patients who received treatment. Locally advanced BCC was present in 57 (90.4%) and metastatic disease in two (3.2%). ORR was observed in 46 patients (73%; 95% CI: 60.3–83.4), with partial response in 36 (57%; 95% CI: 44‐69.5) and complete response in 10 (16%; 95% CI: 7.8‐27.2). As to safety, 48 (76.2%) patients had at least one adverse event (AE). The most frequently observed AEs were muscular spasms in 25 (39.6%); dysgeusia in 23 (36.5%); alopecia in nine (14.2%); weight loss in seven (11.1%); and ageusia in (9.5%) patients. Serious AEs were observed in 11 (17%) patients with one episode of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism resulting in death.ConclusionOur study provides additional evidence of the efficacy and tolerability of vismodegib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic BCC in a real‐world practice.
Cutaneous cysts: a clinicopathologic analysis of 2,438 cases
Authors: Kamyab Kambiz , Kianfar Nika , Dasdar Shayan , Salehpour Zahra , Nasimi Maryam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBenign cutaneous lesions, so‐called cysts, are frequently seen in clinics and might evoke cosmetic and psychosocial concerns.AimThis study aimed to demonstrate the clinicopathologic findings of these lesions and also the importance of histological evaluation for prevention of misdiagnosing a benign‐appearing malignant lesion.MethodsA descriptive study was conducted of 2,438 cases who had a diagnosis of cyst confirmed with pathology. The data of patients over the 6‐year period between 2011 and 2017, including gender, age, location, prevalence, complications, and microscopic evaluation, were gathered.ResultsFrom a total of 2,438 records with a clinical diagnosis of mucocutaneous cyst, 2077 had the pathologic diagnosis of cysts. They consisted of 910 women (43.8%) and 1167 men (56.1%) with a mean age of 42. The most common mucocutaneous cysts were epidermal cyst 994 (47.8%) followed by trichilemmal cyst 495 (23.8%). In 479 (19.6%) records, the clinical diagnosis was not congruent with histopathological diagnosis including 45 malignant cases. Basal cell carcinoma in 22 (48.9%) was the most common one.ConclusionsThis study reports on clinical characteristics of cutaneous cysts and the need for a decent diagnostic investigation, like histopathology, for achieving a reliable diagnosis regarding the benign mimicking malignant lesions, especially high risk ones.
Infant screen exposure links to toddlers' inhibition, but not other EF constructs: A propensity score study
Authors: McHarg Gabrielle , Ribner Andrew D. , Devine Rory T. , Hughes Claire ,   The NewFAMS Study Team
Published: February 2020

AbstractTechnology is pervasive in homes of families with young children, despite evidence for negative associations between infant exposure to screen‐based media and cognitive development that has led the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to discourage parents from exposing children under the age of 18 months to any kind of screen time (AAP, 2016). Here, we apply a propensity score matching approach to estimate relations between electronic screen‐based media use in infancy and executive function in early toddlerhood. In an international sample of 416 firstborn infants, parental report of regular exposure to screen‐based media at 4 months predicted poorer performance on a test of inhibition at 14 months, but was unrelated to either cognitive flexibility or working memory at 14 months. Results of this study are therefore consistent with the view that early exposure to screen‐based media adversely affects the development of executive function.
A new hydration kinetics model of composite cementitious materials, Part 2: Physical effect of SCMs
Authors: Zhang Zengqi , Chen Weiyi , Han Fanhui , Yan Peiyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper is the second part of an overall research project that aims to model the hydration kinetics of composite cementitious materials. The new hydration kinetic model of Portland cement was constructed in the first part of this research project. The aim of this part is to characterize the physical effect of SCMs by modifying some kinetic parameters of the hydration kinetic model of cement. In this paper, the filler effect of SCMs is attributed to the “dilution effect”, “nucleation effect” and “accelerated dissolution effect”. The dilution effect is considered by introducing the actual water/cement ratio into the kinetic model. The nucleation surface area, nucleation and growth rates are modified to account for the nucleation effect and accelerated dissolution effect of fillers. The simulative fit results show that the extra contribution of SCMs due to their filler effect on hydration of cement at early ages has an upper limit: at most 20% extra nucleation surface area, 30% extra nucleation ratio and 40% extra growth ratio of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). The new modified kinetic model and the value‐taking method of the newly introduced parameters are verified by simulative fitting to the kinetic data from reference. The apparent activation energies of the nucleation rate, growth rate, and diffusion rate are approximately 35 kJ/mol, 36 kJ/mol and 38.5 kJ/mol, which are slightly smaller than those of the pure Portland cement reported in the first part of this research project.