bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment and associations with structural brain networks, endocrine status, and risk genotypes in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer referred to androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: R. Buskbjerg Cecilie , Zachariae Robert , Buus Simon , H. Gravholt Claus , Haldbo‐Classen Lene , Hosseini S. M. Hadi , Amidi Ali 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundEvidence suggests that patients with prostate cancer (PCPs) receiving androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) are at risk for cognitive impairment. Research with other populations with cancer indicates that cognitive impairment may also occur before systemic treatment. The authors assessed cognitive impairment in untreated PCPs referred to ADT and explored associations with structural brain networks, endocrine status, and selected genotypes.MethodsForty untreated PCPs and 27 healthy controls (HCs) who completed a questionnaire package underwent neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging, and blood sampling. Cognitive impairment was defined as a z score ≤−2 on 1 neuropsychological test or ≤−1.5 on 2 neuropsychological tests. Structural brain networks were investigated using diffusion‐weighted imaging and graph theory. Associations of cognitive performance with patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), brain networks, testosterone levels, and genotypes (apolipoprotein ε [APOE], catechol‐O‐methyltransferase [COMT], and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) were explored.ResultsPCPs performed poorer than HCs on 7 of 15 neuropsychological tests and exhibited a higher frequency of cognitive impairment (57.5% vs 22.2%; P ≤ .01 to .03). All neuropsychological outcomes were associated with ≥1 PROM (P ≤ .01 to .04). Compared with the HC group, the PCP group exhibited altered global network organization as well as disrupted regional network characteristics in frontal and temporal regions (P < .01). PCPs had lower testosterone levels (P < .01) than HCs, which correlated with better visuospatial performance (r = −0.33; P = .04). No effects were found of APOE, COMT, or BDNF.ConclusionsThe current results suggest that untreated PCPs may demonstrate cognitive impairment and that psychological and behavioral symptoms (PROMs), as well as impairment in structural brain networks, might be the underlying mechanisms.
Cyanides and Isocyanides of Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Electronic Structure Calculations for the Linear MNC, NCMCN, CNMNC, NCMMCN, and CNMMNC Molecules
Authors: Andrews Lester , Cho Han‐Gook 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCadmium atoms from laser ablation react with cyanogen, NC=CN, in excess argon during co‐deposition at 4 K, and even more on UV irradiation of the cold samples. Final annealing to 35 K increases bands at 2187.3 and 2089.2 cm−1 at the expense of weaker bands at 2194.6 and 2092.2 cm−1 through addition of another cadmium atom. Reaction products were identified by comparison with B3LYP and CCSD(T) computed frequencies and energies, through frequency differences between Zn and Cd products, and by cyanogen isotopic substitution. The CN radical, ZnNC, and CdNC were observed on sample deposition. Hg arc ultraviolet (UV) irradiation activates the insertion of Cd and Zn to form the NCCdCN, CNCdNC, NCZnCN and CNZnNC molecules. Next annealing increased the dimetal products NCCdCdCN, CNCdCdNC, NCZnZnCN, and CNZnZnNC at the expense of their single metal analogs. Laser ablated mercury amalgam also produced NCHgCN, NCHg−HgCN, CNHgNC and CNHg−HgNC. The Group12 metals form both cyanide and isocyanide products, and the argon matrix also traps the higher energy but much more intensely absorbing isocyanides. In the isocyanide case bond polarity results in very intense infrared absorptions. Group 12 metals produce shorter M−M bonds in the dimetal cyanides NCM−MCN and isocyanides CNM−MNC than in the M−M itself, and their computed M−M bond lengths compare favorably with those measured for dimetal complexes stabilized by large ring containing molecular ligands.
Chlorophyll a π‐Cation Radical as Redox Mediator in Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Mimetics
Authors: Orzeł Łukasz , Rutkowska‐Zbik Dorota , van Eldik Rudi , Fiedor Leszek , Stochel Grażyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe extensive speciation of copper(II) chloride in organic solvents varies with concentration, temperature, pressure and oxygen content, providing the ability to switch between different chlorophyll transmetalation pathways. We found that one of them is exceptionally suitable for the formation and stabilisation of the chlorophyll π‐cation radical. This is due to unique redox cycling, which is coupled to the generation and transformation of various reactive oxygen species. In the presence of a proton donor, our system shows behavior which resembles that of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Regardless of light, chlorophyll acts as an electron transfer mediator.
Prevalence and factors influencing reporting of true periodontal chief complaints: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Abdulkareem Ali A. , Imran Nada K. , Abdulraheam Rukhosh H. , Gul Sarhang S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of true periodontal chief complaints (CC) and the factors affecting their reporting by patients with periodontal diseases (PD).Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on retrospective analysis of available periodontal records. Different personal and demographic variables were obtained from these records including CC, age, gender, working status, past medical/dental history, smoking status and diagnosis. In addition, clinical parameters of plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and number of missing teeth. Periodontal CC were retrieved and divided either into true periodontal (bleeding, tooth mobility, and alteration in gingival color/shape) or others (emergency and esthetic‐related) CC.ResultsA total of 1161 records were included in the final analysis. Results showed that only 287 (24.7%) of patients reported true periodontal CC whereas the remaining 874 (75.3%) patients were not aware about symptoms of PD. Regression modeling indicated that reporting of true CC was positively associated with smoking and PPD but negatively associated with number of missing teeth and gender (male).ConclusionsResults suggested that recognition of true periodontal CC by the patients was low. Reporting of true periodontal CC was significantly associated with smoking, PPD, female and lower number of missing teeth. These results shed light on the importance of increasing public knowledge about PD which is essential to aid people in recognizing these diseases at early stages.
Lanthanide Isophthalate Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior, and White Luminescence
Authors: Trannoy Virgile , N'Dala‐Louika Isis , Lhoste Jérôme , Devic Thomas , Serier‐Brault Hélène 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo novel lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (LnMOFs), Ln1.14Na0.57(BDC)2(H2O) ⋅ 4H2O (Ln=La3+ or Ce3+, BDC : 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylate), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by using a Ln3+ coordination polymer as precursor. The crystal structure was determined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both compounds are isostructural and contain chains of face‐sharing [LnO10] polyhedra connected by the linkers to form an anionic three‐dimensional network, defining both polar and apolar channels, the latter being occupied by water molecules and Ln3+ and Na+ cations. When doped by optimized content of Eu3+ and Tb3+, the La3+ counterpart exhibits white luminescence emission with CIE parameters equal to (0.3440, 0.3735) at λexc=321 nm, which renders the material attractive for white LED application.
Heat transfer analysis for particle–fluid suspension thermomagnetohydrodynamic peristaltic flow with Darcy–Forchheimer medium
Authors: Imran Naveed , Javed Maryiam , Qayyum Mubashir , Sohail Muhammad , Kashif Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis theoretical analysis explores the effect of heat and mass transfer on particle–fluid suspension for the Rabinowitsch fluid model with the stiffness and dynamic damping effects through Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer porous medium. In this study, we also incorporate slip and transverse magnetic field effects. Using low Reynolds number, to neglect inertial forces and to keep the pressure constant during the flow, channel height is used largely as compared with the ratio of length of the wave. A numerical technique is used to solve flow governing system of differential equations. Particular attention is paid to viscous damping force parameter, stiffness parameter, and rigidity parameter; also, the numerical data for thermal profile, momentum, and concentration distribution are presented graphically. Outcomes are deliberated in detail for different fluid models (thinning, thickening, and viscous models). It is found that velocity profile increases for greater values of viscous damping effect and stiffness and rigidity parameter for shear thinning, but conflicting comportment is showed for thickening nature model. Viscous dissipation effects increases the thermal profile for all cases of fluid models. The scope of the present article is valuable in explaining the blood transport dynamics in small vessels while considering the important wall features with chemical reaction characteristics. The current analysis has extensive applications in biomedical engineering field, that is, peristaltic pumps.
Numerical optimization for fluid flow in turboexpander wheel of helium liquefaction plant
Authors: Rajmane Swapnil Narayan , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Sahu Ananta Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA radial turbine is one of the vital components of a helium liquefaction plant. The design of a turbine becomes critical due to its compact size and high‐speed configuration. In this study, numerical optimization has been performed for the three‐dimensional steady flow of helium gas in the radial inflow turbine of a helium liquefaction plant at a nominal condition. The mean line design is an appropriate method to obtain the approximate results. The computational fluid dynamics simulation algorithm is adopted in this study to reach the final results and Ansys CFX is used for the simulation. From the analysis, it has been reported that the number of rotor blades was overestimated in the mean line design. Performance parameters like total‐to‐static efficiency and velocity ratio were also found to be optimum numerically under a preliminary design condition. Finally, power of 1.7 kW was achieved at total‐to‐static efficiency of 71.4%. The deviation in analytical and numerical results is within for performance as well as geometric parameters.
Large families of permutations of Zn whose pairwise sums are permutations
Authors: Bašić Bojan , Hačko Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe construct some large families of permutations of such that the sum of any two permutations from a family is again a permutation of (not necessarily in the same family). Our families are significantly larger than the largest such families known so far in the literature (depending on the value of , the improvement can be as large as exponential). We also show that our families are maximal in the sense that no permutations can be added to them while maintaining the required property.
Construction of an intercultural preventive strategy of alcohol use in rural Mapuche communities: A community‐based participatory research
Authors: Zambrano Alba , Garcés Gabriela , Olate María P. , Treumún Miguel , Román Francisca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe research presented in this paper consists of a case study that analyses the elements necessary for a culturally grounded methodological strategy for the prevention of problematic alcohol consumption in rural Mapuche communities in the Araucanía region. To do this, we proposed to answer the questions: what are the particularities that alcohol consumption adopts in the local space? And what are the elements that should be considered for an intercultural preventive strategy for alcohol consumption? Oriented to the perspective of community‐based participatory research, data were collected through group interviews with the local community, participant observation and in‐depth interviews with people who consumed alcohol, were recovering from consumption and nondrinkers. A total of 84 people participated and the information gathered was analysed using ATLAS.ti software. The results show key aspects that must be considered for the design, including: strengthening the cultural identity, providing spaces for shared reflection in places where the community converges (schools and rural health centres), and problematising alcohol consumption from their own conceptions of normal and problematic consumption. Therefore, there is a need to focus on strengthening intracultural processes in community spaces, with a preventive strategy within the logic of action research, with increasing degrees of community participation.
Predictors of mortality in 217 COVID‐19 patients in Northwest Ohio, United States: A retrospective study
Authors: Merugu Ganesh Prasad , Nesheiwat Zeid , Balla Mamtha , Patel Mitra , Fatima Rawish , Sheikh Taha , Kotturi Vinay , Bommana Venugopala , Pulagam Gautham , Kaminski Brian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to identify specific lab markers, complications, and treatments that may be associated with increased mortality in COVID‐19 patients. This study is retrospective in nature; it included 217 COVID‐19 positive patients who were admitted to a ProMedica Health System hospital in Northwest Ohio, United States, between March 25 and June 16, 2020. We collected various laboratory values, complications, and treatment courses. T test and χ2 analyses were used to predict mortality. COVID‐19 test was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction. Of 217 patients included in the study, the mean age of the population was 63.13 (SD, 17.8), of which 194 (89.4%, mean age 61.7 years) survived while 23 (10.6%, mean age 74.6 years) died. Among them, 53% were females and 47% male. Laboratory values that were associated with mortality were low hemoglobin (p = .0046), elevated INR (p = .0005), low platelets (p = .0246) and elevated procalcitonin (p = .0472). Marginally significant laboratory values included elevated troponin (p = .0661), and elevated creatinine (p = .0741). Treatment with either antibiotic, antifungals, antivirals, blood transfusion, steroids, and intubation were all statistically significant for mortality. COVID‐19 related complications with either ARDS, myocarditis, elevated INR, septic shock, or age greater than 63 were significant predictors of mortality. Low hemoglobin, elevated INR, Low platelet, elevated procalcitonin, treated with either antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, blood transfusion, steroids, and intubation are associated with high mortality related to COVID‐19 infection. Healthcare professionals must be aware of these predictors.
A rule‐based approach for automatically extracting data from systematic reviews and their updates to model the risk of conclusion change
Authors: Bashir Rabia , Dunn Adam G. , Surian Didi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFew data‐driven approaches are available to estimate the risk of conclusion change in systematic review updates. We developed a rule‐based approach to automatically extract information from reviews and updates to be used as features for modelling conclusion change risk. Rules were developed to extract relevant information from published Cochrane reviews and used to construct four features: the number of included trials and participants in the reviews, a measure based on the number of participants, and the time elapsed between the search dates. We compared the performance of random forest, decision tree, and logistic regression to predict the conclusion change risk. The performance was measured by accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and area under ROC (AU‐ROC). One rule was developed to extract the conclusion change information (96% accuracy, 100 reviews), one for the search date (100% accuracy, 100 reviews), one for the number of included clinical trials (100% accuracy, 100 reviews), and 22 for the number of participants (97.3% accuracy, 200 reviews). For unseen reviews, the random forest classifier showed the highest accuracy (80.8%) and AU‐ROC (0.80). All classifiers showed relatively similar performance with overlapping 95% confidence interval (CI). The coverage score was shown to be the most useful feature for predicting the conclusion change risk. Features mined from Cochrane reviews and updates can estimate conclusion change risk. If data from more published reviews and updates were made accessible, data‐driven methods to predict the conclusion change risk may be a feasible way to support decisions about updating reviews.
Factors influencing urea use by giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Smith Jason M. , Blasco Gordon , Brzezinski Mark A. , Melack John M. , Reed Daniel C. , Miller Robert J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUrea is an available and readily used source of nitrogen for giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, but little is known about its potential importance for sustaining growth. Results of kinetic experiments indicate urea uptake saturates at an average maximum rate (Vmax) of 0.73–0.92 μmol N g dw−1 h−1 with a half saturation constant (Ks) of 1.02–1.08 μM. The affinity of giant kelp for urea was high relative to that reported for other seaweeds. However, results of similar kinetics experiments with natural, co‐occurring phytoplankton communities indicate that the rate of urea uptake by phytoplankton was > 10‐fold higher than that of giant kelp. Urea uptake by giant kelp decreased 3–12% in darkness (relative to in light) compared to a 66–85% decline for phytoplankton. Similar differences were observed for ammonium and nitrate, suggesting that light intensity and photocycles influence the outcome of competition for N between giant kelp and phytoplankton. Monthly measures of urease in kelp tissues revealed persistent activity at levels that were 100‐fold higher than rates of urea uptake (0.13–0.35 μmol N g fw−1 min−1). This finding, coupled with unsuccessful efforts to induce additional urease activity through substrate additions, suggests that urease plays a role in giant kelp physiology beyond that of processing urea taken up from the environment. Collectively, our results suggest giant kelp uses multiple forms of N including urea to sustain year‐round growth. Its consistent capacity to acquire N during both day and night may help offset its low uptake rates relative to phytoplankton and increase its ability to compete for N during periods of low N availability.
Optimizing concurrency under Scheduling by Edge Reversal
Authors: Marciano Carlos E. , Arantes Gladstone M. , Lucena Abilio , Simonetti Luidi G. , Faria Luerbio , França Felipe M. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScheduling by Edge Reversal provides an order of operation for nodes in a graph, but maximizing or minimizing the resulting concurrency is hard. In this paper, we discuss a series of real‐world applications for this technique and propose algorithms for both problems. For maximum concurrency, we prove its general inapproximability and introduce approximation algorithms for classes of graphs. For minimum concurrency, we use hardness and inapproximability results to establish its relation to longest cycles, while also introducing a novel application for assembling musical phrases.
Actuator and sensor fault estimation based on a proportional multiple‐integral sliding mode observer for linear parameter varying systems with inexact scheduling parameters
Authors: Gómez‐Peñate Samuel , López‐Estrada Francisco‐Ronay , Valencia‐Palomo Guillermo , Rotondo Damiano , Guerrero‐Sánchez Maria‐Eusebia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article proposes an approach for the estimation of states, actuator, and sensor faults in nonlinear systems represented by a polytopic linear parameter varying (LPV) system with inexact scheduling parameters. In the traditional LPV approaches, the scheduling variables are considered to be perfectly known. However, in practical applications, their measurement may contain precision and calibration errors or noise that can affect the performance of the diagnostic systems. Therefore, this work proposes the design of a proportional multiple‐integral sliding mode observer for fault diagnosis (FD) that copes with LPV systems with inexact scheduling parameters. Due to the introduction of some nonlinear functions, the proposed observer is a nonlinear parameter varying system for which stability and robustness performance are formulated using the Lyapunov technique and a H∞ performance criterion. It is shown that the design conditions boil down to a set of linear matrix inequalities whose solution allows computing the observer gain matrix along with the tunable parameters of the nonlinear functions. Results obtained using the simulator of an octocopter‐type unmanned aerial vehicle are used to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed FD scheme.
Lebensqualität von Patienten mit hydraulischen penilen Implantaten bei erektiler Dysfunktion in Bezug auf die sexuelle Zufriedenheit des Patienten und seinem/seiner Partner/Partnerin
Authors: Arndt K.-M. , Chomicz A. , Jünemann K.-P. , Osmonov D. 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die erektile Dysfunktion ist eine Erkrankung mit einer stetig wachsenden Prävalenz in der männlichen Bevölkerung. Die Penisprothesenimplantation gilt als effektive Therapieoption.

Fragestellung
Ziel der durchgeführten Umfrage war daher, die sexuelle Zufriedenheit und somit die Lebensqualität von Patienten mit einer Penisprothese zu untersuchen und zusätzlich die Lebensqualität und sexuelle Zufriedenheit der Partner zu ermitteln.

Material und Methoden
Die Studie wurde ausschließlich mit Patienten, welche am Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel operiert wurden, durchgeführt. Die zur Verfügung stehende untersuchte Fallzahl an Patienten betrug 121. Für die seltene Indikation der PPI („penis prosthesis implant“) ist dies eine beachtliche Fallzahl. Hierfür wurden die Teilnehmer im Alter 44–80 Jahren und ihre jeweiligen Partner mittels validierten (EDITS [„erectile dysfunction inventory of treatment satisfaction“], EDITS Partner) Fragebögen befragt. Das mittlere Alter der befragten Patienten betrug 63 Jahre. Von 121 versendeten Fragebögen wurden 46 von den männlichen Patienten beantwortet. Daraus ergibt sich eine Antwortrate von 38,0 %.

Ergebnisse
Als Hauptergebnis konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Zufriedenheitsrate in den meisten Fällen mit einem hohen Ergebnis und somit einer hohen Zufriedenheit der Patienten (80,97 % mittlerer EDITS) sowie deren Partner (65 %) einhergeht.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Penisprothesenimplantation liefert in Bezug auf die allgemeine sexuelle Zufriedenheit exzellente Ergebnisse und führt zu einer hohen Lebensqualität für Patienten und Partner.