bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hold the Salt: History of Salt Restriction as a First-line Therapy for Menière's Disease
Authors: Shim Timothy , Strum David Poran , Mudry Albert , Monfared Ashkan 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:To determine the historical origins of the usage of the salt restriction diet as an intervention for Menière's disease (MD).Methods:Articles on MD and salt restriction were identified using Pubmed and Google scholar. Original manuscripts from 19th and 20th century as well as selected otological textbooks in English, German, and French were also reviewed.Results:The oldest recommendation of salt restriction in the literature was by Dederding (1889–1955) in 1929. She and her mentor, Sydney Holger Mygind (1884–1970), believed MD was caused by dysfunctional water metabolism. In several published manuscripts, they proposed that a reduced salt and fluid diet was an effective treatment for MD. Their contemporaries supported their findings, most notably, Albert C. Furstenberg (1890–1969) who suggested salt restriction alone as treatment for MD. Furstenberg, in his initial study implementing salt restriction in 15 patients with MD and then in a larger study with 150 patients, was the first to produce results that supported salt restriction as therapy for MD. It was not until 1980, when LB Jongkees first published his criticism of this treatment, that salt restriction was questioned. Since then, numerous published articles have been critical of salt restriction therapy and skeptical of its initial adoption into clinical practice.Conclusions:Since Dederding's and Mygind's publications in 1929 and Furstenberg's trial in 1934, the salt restriction diet has remained a primary first-line treatment for MD. Since the 1950s, various publications have both supported and argued this treatment, and the evidence of its validity remains inconclusive.
The Cochlear Cleft: CT Correlation With Histopathology
Authors: Pucetaite Milda , Quesnel Alicia M. , Juliano Amy F. , Curtin Hugh D. , Reinshagen Katherine L. 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To show the histologic correlate of the cochlear cleft, a small low density focus just anterior to the oval window seen on computed tomography (CT) in three temporal bone specimens.

Patients:
Three temporal bone specimens donated to the National Temporal Bone Registry from patients aged 34 weeks gestation, 42 years, and 89 years with cochlear clefts seen on CT were studied.

Intervention:
Review and comparison of postmortem high-resolution CT and temporal bone histopathology

Main Outcome Measure:
Correlation of CT findings with temporal bone histopathology.

Results:
The cochlear cleft visible on CT as a pericochlear lucency anterior to the oval window corresponds to fatty marrow in areas of incomplete endochondral ossification of the otic capsule. The cochlear cleft is distinct from the fissula ante fenestram and can be present in adults.

Conclusion:
In these three cases, the cochlear cleft represents an area of fatty marrow from incomplete ossification of the otic capsule and can be present in adults. Care should be taken when interpreting temporal bone CT to avoid mistaking the cochlear cleft for true pathology (otosclerosis) of the temporal bone.
The effect of short foot exercise using visual feedback on the balance and accuracy of knee joint movement in subjects with flexible flatfoot
Authors: Kim Ju Sang , Lee Mi Young 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Flexible flatfoot is a condition characterized by the deformations of the foot where the calcaneus is pronated by weight support. Flat feet can affect balance and the entire chain of motion, causing indirect problems in adjacent joints. We investigated the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) using visual feedback on the static balance and function of proximal joints in subjects with flexible flat feet.

Method and analysis:
This study involved 30 participants who were assigned to either of the 2 groups: the flexible flatfoot group (n = 15, 8 men and 7 women, aged 22.00 ± 2.07 years) and normal foot group (n = 15, 7 men and 8 women, aged 22.13 ± 1.55 years). All subjects performed the SFE with visual feedback. SFE programs were performed 20 minutes a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 5 weeks. The static balance and accuracy of knee joint motions were compared before and after training.

Results:
There was a significant difference in static balance pre- and post-exercise in the flatfoot group but not in the normal foot group. Moreover, in the flatfoot group, the accuracy of knee joint motions was significantly different between pre- and post-exercise in the closed chain but not in the open chain.

Conclusion:
This study examined the influence of SFE using visual feedback on the balance and accuracy of knee joint movements in subjects with flatfoot and demonstrated that this exercise, using visual feedback, improved the balance and accuracy of knee movement.
Carotid plaque magnetic resonance imaging and recurrent stroke risk
Authors: Deng Fengbin , Mu Changping , Yang Ling , Li Huaqinag , Xiang Xuemei , Li Kang , Yang Qingjun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
MRI findings of carotid plaque components have been studied recently as a tool to predict recurrent ischemic events. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the association of MRI-determined intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid-rich necrotic core, and thinning/rupture of the fibrous cap with recurrent ischemic events.

Methods:
Electronic search was performed in PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to Oct 30, 2018. We included cohort studies with an average follow-up time of more than 1 month in which intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid-rich necrotic core, or thinning/rupture of the fibrous cap were associated with recurrent ipsilateral stroke or ischemic events. We performed heterogeneity assessment before carrying out meta-analysis. According to the heterogeneity, we selected fixed-effect model for meta-analysis of the included cohort studies.

Results:
Using a prespecified search strategy, of the 2128 articles, 6 studies with a total number of 621 participants met eligibility for systematic review and meta-analysis. The hazard ratios of intra-plaque hemorrhage, thinning/rupture of the fibrous cap and lipid rich necrotic core as recurrent Stroke/Transient ischemic attack (TIA) were 7.14(95% confidence interval, 4.32 to 11.82), 5.68(95% confidence interval, 2.40 to 13.47), and 2.73(95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 7.16), respectively. No significant heterogeneity was found in the 3 meta-analyses.

Conclusions:
The presence of intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid-rich necrotic core, and thinning/rupture of the fibrous cap on MRI of carotid plaque are strong predictors of recurrent stroke events. However, due to the lack of original studies, larger cohort studies are warranted.
Primary thymic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma complicated with renal amyloidosis
Authors: Chen Qin , Du Yongjing , Prince Singh , Zhang Ping , Li Guisen , Wang Li , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas originating in thymus is rare. And, there have been few reports of patients with MALT coexisting with amyloidosis. As far as we know, this was the first case report on MALT lymphoma associated with renal amyloidosis.

Patient concerns:
A 57-year-old man presented with nephrotic syndrome. Further workup revealed IgM-Lambda type monoclonal gammopathy. Bone marrow biopsy showed 8% clonal plasma cells. Renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Lambda light chain AL amyloidosis. positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed thymic lesions which upon biopsy were diagnosed as MALT lymphoma of the thymus.

Diagnosis:
Primary thymic MALT lymphoma complicated with renal amyloidosis.

Interventions:
The patient underwent surgical resection of the thymus mass and 2 courses of chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
Follow-up data showed that the patient survived 18 months after surgical excision and chemotherapy.

Conclusion:
The case highlights the importance of screening for malignancy in patients with renal amyloidosis.
Normal tension glaucoma in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Chuang Lan-Hsin , Koh Yeo-Yang , Chen Henry S.L. , Lo Yu-Lun , Yu Chung-Chieh , Yeung Ling , Lai Chi-Chun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study characterized and evaluated normal tension glaucoma (NTG) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).
In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, all participants were examined with polysomnography (PSG). Functional parameters of standard automated perimetry (SAP) were recorded. Structural parameters in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) included peripapillary superficial vessel density (VD RPC), peripapillary whole-layer (VD NH), and superficial and deep macular area VD. Participants were categorized into perimetric and nonperimetric groups by SAP result. Low reliability of SAP and signal strength index <50 in OCTA were excluded.
Severity of OSAS was graded by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in PSG. Those with moderate/severe OSAS (AHI ≥ 15, n = 39) had longer neck circumference and shorter ocular axial length than mild OSAS (AHI < 15, n = 14). Furthermore, there was significantly higher AHI and larger neck circumference in the NTG perimetric group (n = 27) than in the control group (n = 26; p < 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively). Superficial and deep-layer peripapillary and macular area VD significantly decreased in the perimetric group. Overall, structural and functional parameters show that VF PSD was negatively correlated with VD NH and VD RPC (p = 0.007, p = 0.015); and VF MD was positively correlated with VD NH (p = 0.029), but not significantly to VD RPC (p = 0.106).
OSAS is a risk factor of NTG. With aid of OCTA, whole-layer retinal capillary dropout supports that the vascular dysregulation of OSAS leads to NTG.
Effect of sub-hypothermia blood purification technique in cardiac shock after valvular disease surgery
Authors: Fang Jihui , Xu Ming , Liu Bin , Wang Bo , Ren Haibo , Yang Haitao , Dong Yaling , Song Laichun , Xiao Hongyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To observe the effect of sub-hypothermia (HT) blood purification technique in the treatment of cardiac shock after heart valve disease.
The patients were randomly divided into normothermic (NT) continuous blood purification (CBP) group (NT group) and HT CBP group (HT group). Observe the cardiac index (CI), the oxygen delivery (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) ratio, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III(APACHE III) score, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score, dynamic monitoring of electrocardiograph, blood loss with or without muscle tremors, intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation time, CBP time, and the cases of infection and mortality at 0 day, 1 day, 2 day, 3 day; all above indicators were compared between 2 groups.
Ninety-five patients were randomly assigned into HT group (48 cases) and NT group (47 cases); there were no significant differences between the 2 groups for age, gender, pre-operative cardiac function, cardiothoracic ratio, and type of valve replacement (P > .05). There were no significant differences among the 1 day, 2 day, 3 day after recruited for CI, DO2/VO2 ratio, APACHE III score, MODS score (P > .05). But in HT group, DO2/VO2 ratio had been significantly improved after treatment for 1 day (2.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.8 ± 0.4, P = .024), and CI (3.0 ± 0.5 vs 1.9 ± 0.7, P = .004), APACHE III score (50.6 ± 6.2 vs 77.5 ± 5.5 P = .022), MODS score (6.0 ± 1.5 vs 9.3 ± 3.4, P = .013) also had been significantly improved after treatment for 3 days. In clinical outcomes, there were no significant differences between 2 groups for blood loss (617.0 ± 60.7 ml vs 550.9 ± 85.2 ml, P = .203), infection ratio (54.17% vs 53.19%, P = .341), the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (31.25% vs 36.17%, P = .237), and muscle tremors (14.58% vs 8.51%, P = .346), while there were significant differences between 2 groups for intensive care unit stay (6.9 ± 3.4 days vs 12.5 ± 3.5 days, P = .017,), mechanical ventilation time (4.2 ± 1.3 days vs 7.5 ± 2.7 days, P = .034,), CBP time (4.6 ± 1.4 days vs 10.5 ± 4.0 days, P = .019), mortality (12.50% vs 23.40%, P = .024). But the incidence of bradycardia in HT group was much higher than the NT group (29.16% vs 14.89%, P = .029).
HT blood purification is a safer and more effective treatment than NT blood purification for patients who suffered from cardiac shock after valve surgery.
The genetic association between LMP2 and LMP7 polymorphisms and susceptibility of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xu Yang , Liu Guotao , Zhou Yv , Lu Zengzhen , Shi Zhaorui , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a kind of heterogeneous disease caused by the interaction of polygene inheritance and environmental factors. The LMP2 and LMP7 are 2 loci in LMP gene, and although genetic association between LMP2 and LMP7 polymorphisms were reported, the results are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LMP2 and LMP7 polymorphisms and IDDM risk.

Methods:
An exhaustive search was performed out through the electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength association between LMP2 CfoI and LMP7 G37360T polymorphisms and IDDM risk.

Results:
A total of 7 studies with 707 cases and 821 controls were included in the present study. The results indicated that the dominant model of LMP2 CfoI was significantly associated with IDDM in Asian population (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.24–3.10, P = .004). In addition, the allelic and dominant models of LMP7 G37360T were associated with IDDM in Caucasian population (allelic model: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56–0.85, P = .0005; dominant model: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50–0.89, P = .007).

Conclusions:
The dominant model of LMP2 CfoI might be a risk factor for IDDM in Asian population. Whereas, the allelic and dominant models of LMP7 G37360T might be protective factors for IDDM in Caucasian population.
Triphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography predictive model of benign and malignant risk of gallbladder occupying lesions
Authors: Tao Jinqiu , Zhang Yanqiu , Chen Huihui , Wang Shaohe , Sun Qi , Zhang Wenjie , Liu Qiaoyu , Mai Xiaoli , Yu Decai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGallbladder occupying lesions are common diseases of biliary system. Among them, gallbladder cancer is difficult to diagnose due to the indistinguishable early symptoms, thus posing a great risk to the population. This study aims to establish a computed tomography (CT) prediction model for distinguishing benign and malignant lesions of gallbladder occupying lesions.The study included 211 patients with benign or malignant gallbladder occupying lesions who have taken resection in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2009 to December 2017. Clinical data collected includes age and sex; CT data includes tumor location, tumor maximum diameter, tumor form, venous phase portal venous CT value, abdominal aortic CT value, plain phase CT value, arterial phase CT value, venous phase CT value, delayed phase CT value, ΔCT1, ΔCT2, ΔCT3, ΔCT4, ΔCT5, ΔCT6, and ΔCT7. Calculation of odds ratio between benign and malignant gallbladder occupying lesions using single factor screening variables and multivariate logistic regression was done to establish a model and calculate the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of the model.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, tumor maximum diameter, tumor form, venous phase portal venous CT value, ΔCT2, ΔCT4, and ΔCT6are the main characteristic index for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant risk of gallbladder occupying lesions.Patients’ age, tumor maximum diameter, tumor form, venous phase portal venous CT value, ΔCT2, ΔCT4, and ΔCT6are independent risk factors for judging the benign and malignant of gallbladder occupying lesions. The model established exhibited a potential diagnostic value for distinguishing the malignant properties of gallbladder occupying lesions.
The impacts of the number of prefreeze and postthaw blastomeres on embryo implantation potential
Authors: Wang Yu-jiang , Liu Wen-juan , Fan Lin , Li Zi-tao , Huang Yu-qiang , Chen Chuang-qi , Liu Dun , Zhang Xi-qian , Liu Feng-hua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To systematically analyze the potential of embryo implantation through comparison between the number of surviving blastomeres, the growth, and implantation rate.
Retrospective analysis on implantation rate and the growth of prefreeze-postthaw embryos with different blastomeres in 1487 frozen embryo transfer cycles.
In groups of postthaw embryos without damage, implantation rate and the average number of blastomere growth increased significantly with increasing number of blastomeres. The implantation rate and the number of blastomeres of embryos with 8-8c (the number of blastomeres in prefreeze embryo-the number of blastomeres in postthaw embryo) continued to grow at a significantly higher rate than that of 5-5c and 6-6c (P < .05). In groups of embryos with the same number of blastomeres before freezing and with partial damage after resuscitation, the implantation rates were lower and the average numbers of blastomere growth reduced as the number of damaged blastomeres increased. For embryos with good quality before freezing, 1 to 3 damaged blastomeres in postthawed embryos did not affect the development and implantation rate. Both implantation rate and growth rate of embryos with 8-6c were significantly higher than those of embryos with 6-6c (P < .05).
The number of surviving blastomeres and growth in frozen-thawed embryos could be important index to predict embryo development potential and clinical outcome of implantation. For embryos with good quality, a small amount of damaged blastomeres would not weaken embryo development potential and implantation rate after being thawed.
Nomograms predict survival outcomes for distant metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Li Gang , Tian Mao-lin , Bing Yun-tao , Wang Hang-yan , Yuan Chun-hui , Xiu Dian-rong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As a rare malignant tumor, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) has very low incidence. However, most of the pNET patients would develop the distant metastasis, which significantly reduces patients’ survival rate. Therefore, it is very important to construct a prognostic model of pNET patients with distant metastasis based on a large database to guide clinical application and treatment. The aim of this study is to establish nomograms for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with distant metastatic pNET based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
SEER were reviewed and the patients with pNET diagnosed between 1973 and 2015 were selected. After screening, a total of 624 cases were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 416) and a validation cohort (n = 208). Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that age at diagnosis of ≥80 years, year of diagnosis, histological grade, and primary site surgery were independent factors both for CSS and OS. The nomograms indicated good accuracy in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, with a C-index of 0.777 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.743–0.811) for CSS and 0.772 (95% CI 0.738–0.806) for OS in training cohort. In the validation cohort, the C-index was 0.798 (95% CI 0.755–0.841) for CSS and 0.797 (95% CI 0.753–0.841) for OS. The calibration curves showed satisfactory consistency between predicted and actual survival.
The study establishes excellent prognostic nomograms for CSS and OS for pNET patients with distant metastasis. They can be used to accurately predict survival rate, and provide useful information to physicians and patients.
Nucleobindin 2 expression is an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer
Authors: Cho Jeong Man , Moon Kyong Tae , Lee Ho Jung , Shin Soon Cheol , Choi Jae Duck , Kang Jeong Yoon , Yoo Tag Keun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) has been reported to play an important role in both tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to examine the clinical significance of NUCB2 expression urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).
The expression level of NUCB2 and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed in 225 UCB tissues by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the correlation between NUCB2 expression and the prognosis of UCB patients. High NUCB2 expression of UCB patients significantly correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features. Patients with high NUCB2 had shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival in Kaplan–Meier survival curve (P = .018 and P = .001, respectively).
Our results show that high expression of NUCB2 associated with aggressive clinicopathological feature and predicted unfavorable prognosis in patients with UCB might serve as feasible biomarker for clinical outcome of UCB patients after surgery and potential therapeutic target in the future.
Identification of potential prognostic long non-coding RNA for predicting survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Wang Zhiming , Huang Yun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive biliary epithelial tumor with poor prognosis. There are increasing evidences that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in multifarious tumors, revealing potential significant role of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis.We used the ICC dataset retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database to obtain the lncRNAs expression profiles and identify potential prognostic lncRNAs for predicting the prognosis in ICC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct a prognostic index (PI). Furthermore, coexpression analysis and functional assessment were performed to initially investigate the function of these prognostic lncRNAs.A total of 255 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified among two RNA sequencing dataset of a total 63 ICC patients with 98 samples using R platform. Thirteen of 255 DElncRNAs were identified as prognostic lncRNAs and used for a PI. Patients with high PI were associated with poor prognostic (P= .0064), and the Cox regression showed consistent result (P = .042). The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the PI performed well in ICC survival prediction with an area under curve of 0.921, 0.801, and 0.717 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, respectively.In conclusion, we included 13 identified prognostic DElncRNAs and constructed a prognostic signature/PI. ICC patient with higher PI was associated with poorer prognosis. However, the clinical role as well as biological functions of constructed PI and these prognostic DElncRNAs need to be verified in future study.