bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Oxygen Desaturation Index for Diagnosing Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rashid Nur HA , Zaghi Soroush , Scapuccin Marcelo , Camacho Macario , Certal Victor , Capasso Robson 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesIntermittent hypoxemia is a risk factor for developing complications in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The objective of this systematic review was to identify articles evaluating the accuracy of the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) as compared with the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and then provide possible values to use as a cutoff for diagnosing adult OSA.Study DesignSystematic Review of Literature.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases were searched through November 2019.ResultsEight studies (1,924 patients) met criteria (age range: 28–70.9 years, body mass index range: 21.9–37 kg/m2, and AHI range: 0.5–62 events/hour). Five studies compared ODI and AHI simultaneously, and three had a week to months between assessments. Sensitivities ranged from 32% to 98.5%, whereas specificities ranged from 47.7% to 98%. Significant heterogeneity was present; however, for studies reporting data for a 4% ODI ≥ 15 events/hour, the specificity for diagnosing OSA ranged from 75% to 98%, and only one study reported the positive predictive value, which was 97%. Direct ODI and AHI comparisons were not made because of different hypopnea scoring, different oxygen desaturation categories, and different criteria for grading OSA severity.ConclusionSignificant heterogeneity exists in studies comparing ODI and AHI. Based on currently published studies, consideration should be given for diagnosing adult OSA with a 4% ODI of ≥ 15 events/hour and for recommending further evaluation for diagnosing OSA with a 4% ODI ≥ 10 events/hour. Screening with oximetry may be indicated for the detection of OSA in select patients. Further study is needed before a definitive recommendation can be made. Laryngoscope, 131:440–447, 2021
Fencing decreases microbial diversity but increases abundance in grassland soils on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fan Dandan , Kong Weidong , Wang Fei , Yue Linyan , Li Xiangzhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFencing usually increases soil organic carbon and nutrients and eventually enhances soil microbial diversity; however with different or even conflicting results, the mechanisms underlying the diversity reduction remain unclear. Aiming to reveal the mechanism of diversity reduction, we explored the soil microbial diversity and community structure in fenced areas (5‐and 10‐years enclosure) and grazing during a growing season in arid and semiarid steppe, using Illumina sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. The results revealed that fencing and season both substantially increased soil total organic carbon (TOC), while the enhancing TOC substantially reduced soil pH. Fencing significantly increased soil bacterial and eukaryotic abundance due to the enhancing TOC, which was indicated by positive correlation (p < .05). Contrastingly, fencing significantly decreased soil bacterial and eukaryotic diversity. Our results further revealed that fencing‐ and season‐driven change in soil water content and soil pH played key roles in reducing the bacterial and eukaryotic diversity, respectively. Distance‐based linear model demonstrated that fencing dominantly drove the soil bacterial and eukaryotic community variations by explaining 15.64 and 24.88%, respectively, and redundancy analysis showed that the fencing effect was dependent on growing months. Bacteria were dominated by Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria, and eukaryotes were dominated by Streptophyta, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Cyanobacteria relative abundance remained stable from May to September in fencing but substantially increased in grazing. Our findings offer a new insight into the mechanism of the soil microbial diversity reduction, and reveal the season‐dependency of fencing effect in arid and semiarid grasslands.
Central memory phenotype drives success of checkpoint inhibition in combination with CAR T cells
Authors: Toews Karin , Grunewald Laura , Schwiebert Silke , Klaus Anika , Winkler Annika , Ali Solin , Zirngibl Felix , Astrahantseff Kathy , Wagner Dimitrios L. , Henssen Anton G. , Deubzer Hedwig E. , Schulte Johannes H. , Ochsenreither Sebastian , Eggert Angelika , Künkele Annette 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe immunosuppressive microenvironment in solid tumors is thought to form a barrier to the entry and efficacy of cell‐based therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Combining CAR T cell therapy with checkpoint inhibitors has been demonstrated to oppose immune escape mechanisms in solid tumors and augment antitumor efficacy. We evaluated PD‐1/PD‐L1 signaling capacity and the impact of an inhibitor of this checkpoint axis in an in vitro system for cancer cell challenge, the coculture of L1CAM‐specific CAR T cells with neuroblastoma cell lines. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting‐based analyses and luciferase reporter assays were used to assess PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression on CAR T and tumor cells as well as CAR T cell ability to kill neuroblastoma cells. Coculturing neuroblastoma cell lines with L1CAM‐CAR T cells upregulated PD‐L1 expression on neuroblastoma cells, confirming adaptive immune resistance. Exposure to neuroblastoma cells also upregulated the expression of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in CAR T cells. The checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab, enhanced L1CAM‐CAR T cell‐directed killing. However, nivolumab‐enhanced L1CAM‐CAR T cell killing did not strictly correlate with PD‐L1 expression on neuroblastoma cells. In fact, checkpoint inhibitor success relied on strong PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis expression in the CAR T cells, which in turn depended on costimulatory domains within the CAR construct, and more importantly, on the subset of T cells selected for CAR T cell generation. Thus, T cell subset selection for CAR T cell generation and CAR T cell prescreening for PD‐1/PD‐L1 expression could help determine when combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors could improve treatment efficacy.
Myeloid derived suppressor cells in cancer, premalignancy and inflammation: A roadmap to cancer immunoprevention
Authors: Sivagnanalingam Umayal , Beatty Pamela L. , Finn Olivera J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ultimate success of any form of cancer therapy or cancer prevention depends on its ability to engage the power of the immune system to completely eliminate a growing tumor, lower the life‐time tumor risk and establish long‐term memory to prevent recurrence or future tumors. For that reason, all therapies but especially immunotherapies depend on the immune health (immunocompetence) of each treated individual. Cancer and chronic illnesses, combined with a usually more advanced age of cancer patients or those at risk for cancer are known to severely suppress multiple antitumor functions of the immune system. Understanding the critical mechanisms controlling and mediating immune suppression can lead to additional therapies to alleviate the effects of those mechanisms and improve the outcome of cancer therapy and prevention. We introduce and review here a highly immunosuppressive cell population found in cancer, precancer, and chronic inflammatory diseases, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). First described in the setting of advanced cancer, their presence and immunosuppressive activity has been seen more recently in early premalignant lesions and in chronic inflammatory diseases leading to cancer. We describe the detrimental effects of their presence on cancer immunotherapy, immunosurveillance and immunoprevention and review early attempts to develop drugs to eliminate them or reduce their negative impact.
Sutureless repair of a partially transected median nerve using Tisseel glue and Axoguard nerve protector: A case report
Authors: Suryavanshi Joash R. , Cox Cameron , Osemwengie Bradley O. , Jones Hunter B. , MacKay Brendan J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries in which the nerve is not completely severed often result in neuromas‐in‐continuity. These can cause sensory and functional deficits and must be resected and reconstructed. In defects greater than 5 mm in length, nerve graft is indicated, and suture neurorrhaphy is typically used to secure the nerve ends. However, sutures may negatively impact nerve regeneration. Fibrin glue has recently been used to mitigate the inflammatory response associated with suture neurorrhaphy. Most of the literature regarding fibrin glue covers animal models and supports its use for nerve reconstruction. Tisseel, a fibrin sealant developed as an adjunct to hemostasis, has recently shown utility in peripheral nerve repair by increasing tensile strength without additional sutures. We present the successful use of Tisseel sealant in a neuroma resection and reconstruction. In this case, a 35‐year‐old female presented with persistent neuropathic pain and neurologic dysfunction related to the median nerve in her hand with a history of distal forearm laceration and prior carpal tunnel release. Upon exploration, a neuroma‐in‐continuity involving 75% of the nerve was identified, resected, and reconstructed using processed human nerve allograft, as well as Tisseel sealant and Axoguard nerve protector to secure the repair and offload tension. At 1‐year follow‐up, pain was resolved, with ≤8 mm static 2‐point discrimination in the median nerve distribution, and excellent improvement in hand strength compared with preoperative conditions. The outcome of this case indicates that fibrin glue may be useful to avoid excess sutures in cases of neuroma‐in‐continuity not involving the entire cross‐section of the nerve.
A web‐based brain metastases segmentation and labeling platform for stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Yang Zi , Liu Hui , Liu Yan , Stojadinovic Strahinja , Timmerman Robert , Nedzi Lucien , Dan Tu , Wardak Zabi , Lu Weiguo , Gu Xuejun 
Published: April 2020

PurposeStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become a standard of care for patients' with brain metastases (BMs). However, the manual multiple BMs delineation can be time‐consuming and could create an efficiency bottleneck in SRS workflow. There is a clinical need for automatic delineation and quantitative evaluation tools. In this study, building on our previous developed deep learning‐based segmentation algorithms, we developed a web‐based automated BMs segmentation and labeling platform to assist the SRS clinical workflow.MethodThis platform was developed based on the Django framework, including a web client and a back‐end server. The web client enables interactions as database access, data import, and image viewing. The server performs the segmentation and labeling tasks including: skull stripping; deep learning‐based BMs segmentation; and affine registration‐based BMs labeling. Additionally, the client can display BMs contours with corresponding atlas labels, and allows further postprocessing tasks including: (a) adjusting window levels; (b) displaying/hiding specific contours; (c) removing false‐positive contours; (d) exporting contours as DICOM RTStruct files; etc.ResultsWe evaluated this platform on 10 clinical cases with BMs number varied from 12‐81 per case. The overall operation took about 4–5 min per patient. The segmentation accuracy was evaluated between the manual contour and automatic segmentation with several metrics. The averaged center of mass shift was 1.55 ± 0.36 mm, the Hausdorff distance was 2.98 ± 0.63 mm, the mean of surface‐to‐surface distance (SSD) was 1.06 ± 0.31 mm, and the standard deviation of SSD was 0.80 ± 0.16 mm. In addition, the initial averaged false‐positive over union (FPoU) and false‐negative rate (FNR) were 0.43 ± 0.19 and 0.15 ± 0.10 respectively. After case‐specific postprocessing, the averaged FPoU and FNR were 0.19 ± 0.10 and 0.15 ± 0.10 respectively.ConclusionThe evaluated web‐based BMs segmentation and labeling platform can substantially improve the clinical efficiency compared to manual contouring. This platform can be a useful tool for assisting SRS treatment planning and treatment follow‐up.
Feasibility and correlations of smartphone meta‐data toward dynamic understanding of depression and suicide risk in schizophrenia
Authors: Henson Philip , Torous John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe investigate whether meta‐data, specifically duration of responses to smartphone‐delivered surveys, is correlated to elevated scores on the depression assessment PHQ‐9 as well as the specific item around self‐harm (item 9).MethodsIn this observational study, we recruited 92 smartphone‐owning adults (≥ 18) with schizophrenia (45) and healthy controls (43). We installed an open‐source smartphone app called mindLAMP to collect survey results and latencies (response times) over a period of 3 months. Surveys were scheduled for twice a week, but participants were instructed to take the surveys naturally as much or as little as they wanted. A total of 1,218 PHQ‐9 surveys were completed across all participants over 3 months.ResultsA total of 75 participants (39 with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls) completed both the initial visit and follow‐up, as well as provided at least one self‐reported PHQ‐9 survey through the app. We found that depression symptom severity and response latencies were correlated for both individuals with schizophrenia (Spearman's ρ = .22, p = .037) and healthy controls (Spearman's ρ = .58, p < .001). Participants with schizophrenia scored higher (more severe) and took longer for every item of the PHQ‐9 when compared to controls (p < .05 for each item). Item 9 response value and latency was slightly correlated for participants with schizophrenia (Spearman's ρ = .086, p = .035) but was not significant for controls (Spearman's ρ = .036, p = .37).ConclusionsMeta‐data revealed group differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls based on individual depression symptoms completed on a smartphone. Correlation between suicide specific question latency and severity for participants with schizophrenia but not for controls indicates the clinical potential and need for further research.
Mapping hepatocyte size in vivo using temporal diffusion spectroscopy MRI
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyu , Xu Junzhong , Gore John C. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe goal of this study is to implement a noninvasive method for in vivo mapping of hepatocyte size. This method will have a broad range of clinical and preclinical applications, as pathological changes in hepatocyte sizes are relevant for the accurate diagnosis and assessments of treatment response of liver diseases.MethodsBuilding on the concepts of temporal diffusion spectroscopy in MRI, a clinically feasible imaging protocol named IMPULSED (Imaging Microstructural Parameters Using Limited Spectrally Edited Diffusion) has been developed, which is able to report measurements of cell sizes noninvasively. This protocol acquires a selected set of diffusion imaging data and fits them to a model of water compartments in tissues to derive robust estimates of the cellular structures that restrict free diffusion. Here, we adapt and further develop this approach to measure hepatocyte sizes in vivo. We validated IMPULSED in livers of mice and rats and implemented it to image healthy human subjects using a clinical 3T MRI scanner.ResultsThe IMPULSED‐derived mean hepatocyte sizes for rats and mice are about 15‐20 µm and agree well with histological findings. Maps of mean hepatocyte size for humans can be achieved in less than 15 minutes, a clinically feasible scan time.ConclusionOur results suggest that this method has potential to overcome major limitations of liver biopsy and provide noninvasive mapping of hepatocyte sizes in clinical applications.
Discrepancies in Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale III profile in adult with and without attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Takeda Toshinobu , Nakashima Youta , Tsuji Yui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale (WAIS) is the most frequently administered cognitive assessment for adult Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); therefore, identifying discrepancies in WAIS profile in patients and comparing with matched controls would be clinically and diagnostically beneficial.MethodsThe WAIS‐III profiles of 50 adults with ADHD were compared to an age‐matched typical development (TD) group.ResultsThe adult ADHD group exhibited significantly lower WAIS‐III working memory (WM) and processing speed (PS) indices. However, these differences disappeared when intelligence quotient (IQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, or Autism Quotient (AQ) score was included as a covariate. The adult ADHD group also demonstrated significantly lower scores in several WM‐ and PS‐domain subscales, while crystallized abilities were comparatively preserved. Additionally, only a small portion of participants in both groups lacked any significant gaps between WAIS‐III verbal and performance IQ scores (VIQ–PIQ) or associated indices.DiscussionThis study confirms previous findings that adult ADHD patients have deficits in WM and PS. However, it is highly likely that comorbidities such as depression and autism spectrum disorder contribute to lower WM and PS scores in adult ADHD. Unexpectedly, a “flat profile” is uncommon even in TD adults. Therefore, clinician should assess how WAIS deficits affect daily life rather than merely considering an uneven WAIS profile when diagnosing and treating adult ADHD.
A case of oral metastasis of rectal adenocarcinoma with KRAS mutation in patient with synchronous lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamori Masashi , Kurosawa Manabu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDetecting the origin of the primary cancer that metastasizes in the oral cavity in patients with multiple primary cancers is challenging because of its rarity and complexity. We present an unusual case of an 86‐year‐old women with a maxillary gingival tumor that was histologically proven to be adenocarcinoma; she had been diagnosed with rectal and lung adenocarcinoma. A multidisciplinary approach involving complementary molecular analysis of KRAS gene mutation helped in the diagnosis of metastatic gingival tumor from rectal cancer.
Pregestational diabetes in pregnancy: Complications, management, surveillance, and mechanisms of disease—A review
Authors: Shub Alexis , Lappas Martha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiabetes is an increasingly common diagnosis among pregnant women. Pregestational diabetes is associated with an increase in many adverse pregnancy outcomes, which impact both on the woman and her fetus. The models of pregnancy care for women with diabetes are based largely on observational data or consensus opinion. Strategies for aneuploidy screening and monitoring for fetal well‐being should be modified in women with diabetes. There is an increasing understanding of the mechanisms by which congenital anomalies and disorders of fetal growth occur, involving epigenetic modifications, changes in gene expression in critical developmental pathways, and oxidative stress. This knowledge may lead to pathways for improved care for these high‐risk pregnancies.
Synthesis of norbornene/divinylbenzene copolymers catalyzed by anilinonaphthoquinone‐ligated nickel complexes and their applications for the synthesis of graft polymers
Authors: Chowdhury Samiul Islam , Tanaka Ryo , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe copolymerization of norbornene (NB) and divinylbenzene (DVB) was carried out using anilinonaphthoquinone‐ligated nickel complexes of the type [Ni(C10H5O2NAr)(Ph)(PPh3)] (1a: Ar = C6H3‐2,6‐
iPr; 1b: Ar = C6H2‐2,4,6‐Me; 1c: Ar = C6H5) with modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst. The DVB content was varied (5–25 mol%) and the resulting copolymers exhibited number‐average molecular weights (Mn) of 40,000–69,000 g/mol with polydispersities (PDI = 1.5–1.8). The styryl group of the NB/DVB copolymer was used for grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) by reverse atom transfer radical polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile in the presence of copper chloride and bipyridine.
Plant segmentation by supervised machine learning methods
Authors: Adams Jason , Qiu Yumou , Xu Yuhang , Schnable James C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput phenotyping systems provide abundant data for statistical analysis through plant imaging. Before usable data can be obtained, image processing must take place. In this study, we used supervised learning methods to segment plants from the background in such images and compared them with commonly used thresholding methods. Because obtaining accurate training data is a major obstacle to using supervised learning methods for segmentation, a novel approach to producing accurate labels was developed. We demonstrated that, with careful selection of training data through such an approach, supervised learning methods, and neural networks in particular, can outperform thresholding methods at segmentation.
Immunogenicity and safety of a proposed pegfilgrastim biosimilar MSB11455 versus the reference pegfilgrastim Neulasta® in healthy subjects: A randomized, double‐blind trial
Authors: Wynne Chris , Schwabe Christian , Vincent Emmanuelle , Schueler Armin , Ryding Janka , Ullmann Martin , Ghori Vishal , Kanceva Radmila , Stahl Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMSB11455 is a proposed biosimilar to the currently licensed reference pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®). This study was designed primarily to compare the immunogenicity of MSB11455 and Neulasta®. As secondary objectives, the safety and tolerability of MSB11455 and Neulasta® were also compared. Healthy adult subjects were randomized to either MSB11455 or Neulasta®, stratified by antipolyethylene glycol (PEG) antibody status at screening and study site. Subjects received a single subcutaneous dose of MSB11455 or Neulasta® (both 6 mg/0.6 mL) on day 1 of each of two study periods (same product in both periods), separated by a washout of 28‐35 days. Immunogenicity samples were taken predose and up to day 84 post–first dose. Noninferiority was confirmed if the upper limit of the exact one‐sided adjusted 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in antidrug antibody (ADA)‐positive rates was < 10%. Safety was assessed throughout the study. Overall, 336 subjects were randomized and treated (N = 168 in each group). Noninferiority of MSB11455 over Neulasta® was demonstrated for immunogenicity; the difference in confirmed treatment‐induced ADA‐positive rate between MSB11455 and Neulasta® was −0.6% (upper limit of the exact one‐sided adjusted 95% CI: 6.25%). ADAs were mostly directed against the PEG moiety of pegfilgrastim. No filgrastim‐specific neutralizing antibodies were detected in either treatment group. Safety and tolerability were as expected for pegfilgrastim, and comparable between treatments. This study supports and strengthens the available evidence for the biosimilarity of MSB11455 to Neulasta®.