bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenges of defining a healthy and ‘sustainable’ diet
Authors: Steenson S. , Buttriss J. L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsiderable debate exists about changes required to current diets to deliver simultaneous improvements for both human health and environmental sustainability. Media coverage has focussed largely on the environmental and health impacts of animal source foods, particularly red meat. However, animal source foods contribute notably to intakes of micronutrients (e.g. iron, zinc, iodine, calcium) in current UK diets, and evidence indicates nutrient intakes/status may be inadequate if appropriate substitutions are not made when restricting such foods in the diet, highlighting the need to consider the overall dietary pattern. Healthy and sustainable dietary patterns have been modelled based on nutritional adequacy alone (e.g. Eatwell Guide), or nutrition combined with environmental impact (e.g. WWF Livewell Plates). Studies have also considered other aspects, such as the health impact or cost, with some analyses providing ‘optimised’ diets representing the smallest required changes to current diets. Consistent changes are evident for most food groups (e.g. increases in fruit and vegetables, starchy carbohydrates, fish and – in most cases – beans, pulses and other legumes; decreases in red/processed meat, cheese and high‐fat/sugar foods). However, recommendations for dairy consumption (particularly milk) are less consistent. Methodological variation makes it difficult to directly compare recommendations to date, due to use of different data sources, environmental metrics and modelling assumptions/constraints, although reducing food waste is an important consideration regardless of dietary pattern. In the UK, adopting the government’s Eatwell Guide, which incorporates affordability and familiarity, appears a sensible direction of travel at the current time, likely to deliver nutritional, health and environmental benefits.
Gastrointestinal motility evaluation in children with orthostatic intolerance: Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Manini Mhd Louai , Barazi Adnan , Khemani Disha , Abd‐Rabu Rami , Absah Imad , Fischer Philip R. , Mara Kristin , Stephens Michael , Camilleri Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveOrthostatic intolerance (OI) and autonomic dysfunction (AD) are common in adolescents and young adults. Patients experience multisystem symptoms including gastrointestinal (GI), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), orthostatic hypotension (OH), or only symptoms of OI (SOI) without significant findings on 70‐degree head‐up tilt testing (HUT). We hypothesize that patients with POTS, OH, and SOI show differences in GI symptoms and motility test and that heart rate (HR) changes on HUT predict severity of GI dysmotility.Study designFrom medical records of patients (<18 years) with OI, we collected demographics, presenting symptoms, GI manifestations, and GI motility testing. Data were compared between the 3 groups (POTS, OH, and SOI). We assessed changes in HR on HUT with changes on GI motility evaluation.ResultsTwo hundred twenty‐nine patients were included (73% females). Abdominal pain (65%), nausea (49%), vomiting (18%), and constipation (24%) were the most common GI symptoms. In patients who had motility evaluation, there were 27% (53/193) with delayed gastric emptying (GE) at 4 hours, 35% (32/92) with delayed colonic transit (CT), 55% (17/31) with reduced gastric accommodation (GA), and 75% (21/28) with dyssynergic defecation (DD). Among 100 POTS, 34 OH, and 95 SOI patients, no significant differences in GI symptoms or motility tests were identified and HR changes on HUT were not associated with changes on motility tests.ConclusionGI symptoms are frequent in adolescents with OI and are associated with delayed GE, reduced GA, delayed CT, and presence of DD.
An update of knowledge on the regulatory role of Treg cells in apical periodontitis
Authors: Wei Lili , Xu Mi , Xiong Haofei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApical periodontitis (AP) is a prevalent infectious and inflammatory disorder that involves inflammation of periapical tissues and the disintegration of alveolar bone. AP may eventually lead to tooth loss if not timely treated. This disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria in the necrotic pulps and root canals, thereby triggering responses from the innate and adaptive immune system of the periapical tissues. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in maintaining immune homoeostasis and immunological self‐tolerance; however, these only account for roughly 5%–10% of human peripheral CD4+ T cells. Several studies have examined the possible role and underlying mechanism of Treg cells in different inflammatory and autoimmune disorders to facilitate the development of novel treatments for these diseases. Recent studies have indicated that Treg cells may gather at the sites of infection, thus limiting the generation of immune responses and bone resorption in the periapical area. This review will summarize studies regarding the presence and regulatory role of Treg cells in AP.
Five decades with grandparent donors: The Norwegian strategy and experience
Authors: Bjerre Anna , Mjøen Geir , Line Pål‐Dag , Naper Christian , Reisæter Anna Varberg , Åsberg Anders 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiving donors (LDs) are preferred over DDs for renal transplantation in children due to superior GS. Oslo University Hospital has never restricted living donation by upper age. The aim of this study was to investigate long‐term outcomes using grandparents (GPLD) compared to PLD. Retrospective nationwide review in the period 1970‐2017. First renal graft recipients using a GPLD were compared to PLD kidney recipients for long‐term renal function and GS. 278 children (≤18 years) received a first renal transplant: 27/251 recipients with a GPLD/PLD. GPLD (median 59 (42‐74) years) were significantly older than PLD (median 41 (23‐65) years, (P < .001). Median DRAD was 52 (38‐70) vs 28 (17‐48) years, respectively. GS from GPLD and PLD had a 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival of 100%, 100%, and 90% vs 93%, 82%, and 72%, respectively (P = .6). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for gender, donor age, recipient age, and year of transplant, this finding was similar (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.34‐2.84, P = .97). Five‐year eGFR was 47.3 and 59.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the GPLD and PLD groups (P = .028), respectively. In this nationwide retrospective analysis, GS for pediatric renal recipients using GPLD was comparable to PLD. Renal function assessed as eGFR was lower in the GPLD group. The GPLD group was significantly older than the PLD group, but overall this did not impact transplant outcome. Based on these findings, older age alone should not exclude grandparent donations.
Facing the Giant: A Framework to Undo Sex‐Based Discrimination in Academia
Authors: Bishu Sebawit G. , Kennedy Alan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2019, American workers reported 26,221 claims of workplace harassment to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Nearly half of those claims represented sex‐based harassment. The #MeToo movement has shined a spotlight on the pervasiveness of harassment across sectors and institutions. A 2018 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine indicates that 58 percent of women in academic institutions, for instance, have experienced some form of sexual harassment. In this article, the authors propose a three‐part framework to establish a culture of zero tolerance of sexual harassment. The framework helps academic and other institutions prevent sexual harassment, protect victims from risks of reporting harassment, and set accountability measures to demand justice. The utility of the framework is twofold. First, administrators can apply it as a tool to audit institutional attitudes toward sexual harassment. Second, leaders can apply it as a corrective tool to prevent permissive organizational climates that allow sexual harassment to be perpetuated.
Use of two cloprostenol administrations 11.5 days apart efficiently synchronizes oestrus in photostimulated multiparous dairy goats in the non‐breeding season
Authors: Netto Marina Monteiro , Balaro Mario Felipe Alvarez , Cosentino Isabel Oliveira , do Espírito Santo Caroline Gomes , de Oliveira Rodrigo Vasconcelos , Souza‐Fabjan Joanna Maria Gonçalves , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi , Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study assessed the efficiency of synchronous oestrous induction by light programme followed by two doses of cloprostenol in acyclic Saanen goats of different parity orders. Primiparous (n = 22) and multiparous (n = 33) goats were subjected to 16 hr of light and 8 hr of darkness for 60 days (D0‐D60), starting 10 days after the winter solstice. All goats received 120 µg cloprostenol doses on D130 (morning) and D141.5 (afternoon) (11.5 days apart). Oestrus behaviour, ovarian follicular dynamics and serum progesterone (P4) analyses were recorded from D0 to D174 at different intervals. Animals in oestrus after D141.5 were randomly assigned into two groups: assisted natural mating (NM) or artificial insemination (AI; 10–24 hr after oestrus onset with frozen‐thawed semen). From D57 to D120, 89.0% of goats presented large follicles (5–8 mm) and P4 concentrations were subluteal from D0 to D120. More multiparous compared to primiparous goats (54.5%, 18/33 vs. 18.2%, 4/22) exhibited oestrus after both injections. More primiparous compared to multiparous goats (54.5%, 12/22 vs. 12.1%, 4/33) did not exhibit oestrus after any injection. A total of 35 goats (64%) were in oestrus after the second prostaglandin injection and were subjected to NM or AI. The conception rate was similar among primiparous (70.0%, 7/10) and multiparous (68.0%, 17/25) goats but the pregnancy rate differed, being 31.8% (7/22) and 51.5% (17/33), respectively. No interaction was found between parity order and P4 concentrations in does that became pregnant or not. Thus, the association between light programme (60 days, starting at the beginning of winter) and two cloprostenol administrations 11.5 days apart (starting 70 days after the end of the light treatment) resulted in sufficient synchronous oestrous response in multiparous acyclic Saanen goats to reach satisfactory fertility levels after both NM and AI.
Exercise training as part of lung cancer therapy
Authors: Cavalheri Vinicius , Granger Catherine L. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTExercise training is playing an increasing role in lung cancer care. Lung cancer is associated with significant burden to the individual and healthcare system. There is now substantial evidence that exercise training is safe, feasible and effective at improving several outcomes in people with lung cancer, especially in those with NSCLC. Exercise is beneficial across the lung cancer disease and treatment pathway, including in patients with early stage disease before and after surgery, and in patients with advanced disease. This review describes the impact of lung cancer and lung cancer treatment on patient health outcomes and summarizes the aims, safety, feasibility and effects of exercise training in the context of both early stage and advanced stage lung cancer. The paper also includes a discussion of current topical discussion areas including the use of exercise in people with bone metastases and the potential effect of exercise on suppression of tumour growth. Finally, seven clinical questions are included, which are a priority to be addressed by future research over the next decade as we strive to progress the field of lung cancer and improve patient outcomes.
Do types of foreign capital matter for income equality?
Authors: Baek Inmee , Chia Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate the link between financial integration and income inequality, suggesting that different channels of financial integration have contrasting distributional effects. Using an unbalanced panel of 65 countries from 1992 to 2015 and employing dynamic panel data methods, we find that greater financial integration through debt‐creating capital increases income inequality compared to equity‐type capital. Furthermore, a larger share of direct investment in financial integration is associated with lower income inequality; the converse is true for loans and credit, while the share of portfolio investment has no significant effect when considered as a whole. Evidence also shows that increased financial integration and trade is beneficial for reducing the income inequality of emerging economies.
Improving community pharmacists’ clinical knowledge to detect and resolve drug-related problems in Croatia: a before/after survey study investigating the efficacy of an educational intervention
Authors: Zekan Lovre , Mestrovic Arijana , Perisin Ana Seselja , Bukic Josipa , Leskur Dario , Rusic Doris , Modun Darko 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to increase the knowledge level of community pharmacists in Croatia to identify and resolve drug-related problems (DRPs).DesignBefore/after survey study.SettingUniversity of Split School of Medicine.Participants115 community pharmacists from all over the Croatia.InterventionsAn interactive 3-day clinical pharmacy workshop with the goal of increasing the knowledge level of community pharmacists in Croatia to identify and resolve DRPs in routine practice. Teaching methods were based on interactive clinical case solving.Outcome measureChange of the community pharmacists’ knowledge based on preworkshop and postworkshop evaluation. A survey-based clinical knowledge measurement tool was used in order to evaluate the efficacy of the workshop. The lowest possible total score was 0 and the highest was 80. A higher survey score indicates a higher level of clinical knowledge to identify and resolve DRPs.ResultsParticipating pharmacists had significantly higher postworkshop mean survey score (49.1±8.0) than the preworkshop mean survey score (42.9±8.2), with the mean score difference of 6.2 (95% CI 4.3 to 8.1). Furthermore, it was found that community pharmacists significantly increased their survey scores, regardless of their age.ConclusionsInteractive and case-based clinical pharmacy workshop could be a valuable tool to increase the knowledge of community pharmacists about identification and management of DRPs in routine practice. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term knowledge maintenance and the improvement in patients’ clinical outcomes.
On dynamic aspects of the Proca field screening by a black hole
Authors: Erofeev Andrei L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClassical black holes are known for almost half a century to nullify exterior classical massive vector field associated with a charge crossing the event horizon. This implies that, from the point of view of an external observer, the Proca field of the charge is screened with the strength gradually increasing as the charge adiabatically approaches the event horizon. In this paper we reject the adiabaticity constraint and calculate analytically the field evolution with respect to a distant observer in the frame of the simplest model of a contracting charged spherical shell concentrically surrounding a Schwarzschild black hole. We show that a time scale of the screening is determined by a mass of the black hole and, moreover, loss of Proca hair during the collapse of charged matter has the same temporal character. Due to existence of the event horizon, there is discontinuous jump between massive and massless electrodynamics. This means that presence of an arbitrarily small mass of the photon induces observable effects, which include generation of electric asymmetry of the Universe and galactic magnetic fields.
Parametrized leptogenesis from linear seesaw
Authors: Gu Pei-Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a purely linear seesaw mechanism in a mirror left-right symmetric framework and then realize a novel leptogenesis scenario for parametrizing the cosmic baryon asymmetry by the charged lepton masses, the light Majorana neutrino mass matrix and the heavy mirror charged lepton masses. Through the same Yukawa couplings, the lepton-number-conserving decays of the mirror charged leptons can generate three individual lepton asymmetries stored in the ordinary lepton flavors, while the lepton-number-violating processes for the Majorana neutrino mass generation can wash out part of these lepton asymmetries. The remnant lepton asymmetries then can be partially converted to a baryon asymmetry by the sphaleron processes.
Comparison between single-diode and two diodes models of a grid connected PV technologies: numerical study and experimental validation
Authors: Bouhaki L. , Saadani R. , Rahmoune M. 
Published: June 2020

<p>This article presents a simulation model comparison between a diode and two diodes of a photovoltaic cell. The simulation model created under the Matlab-Simulink environment predicts annual performances of the three photovoltaic field technologies connected to the grid. The simulation models have been validated by the experimental data of the photovoltaic system in the meteorological conditions of the city of Meknes. The interest is to inspect the closest model that allows to obtain more reliable results in order to follow the performances and the operation of the installation in the coming years, Also to compare between the efficiency of the three photovoltaic technologies (monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous) in the same climatic conditions of Meknes city in Morocco which is a Mediterranean climate with very cold winters and very hot summer.</p>
Transient stability enhancement in the presence of optimally placed D-FACTS
Authors: Alazzawi Omar Kamil Dahham , Nayyef Mustafa Ahmed , Ahmed Yasir Abdulhafedh 
Published: June 2020

<span lang="EN-US">The power flow in power system can be controlled in an effective method by using FACTS devices through transmission lines. Distributed FACTS represent a new way to overcome these drawbacks. They are cost-effective, light weighted, higher performance and minimization of environmental impact. They are placed in a distribution method and in selected lines in the network according to line flow stability indices based on load flow calculations. In this paper, distributed static series compensator (DSSC) is used in order to attain the required power flow control by modifying the line reactance. They are installed directly on the present H.V transmission lines and as a result does not require H.V insulation. The load flow analysis has been carried using mat lab and the simulation for the purpose of stability by using Power World Simulator software. The results show an enhancement in stability performances of the system over the conventional controllers. </span>
Potency of PR controller for multiple harmonic compensation for a single-phase grid connected system
Authors: Sattianadan D , Gorai Soumen , Kumar G. R. Prudhvi , Vidyasagar S. , Shanmugasundaram V. 
Published: June 2020

<p><span lang="EN-US">Harmonics and grid synchronization are one of the major problems faced when dealing with a single-phase system. The development of technology in the PV system makes the consumer to use it in a wide range. The power transferred from PV to grid needs DC to AC conversion process which is done by static devices operating with the higher frequencies that causes the harmonics in the grid connected system. The main aim of the paper is to implement grid synchronization and reduce total harmonic distortion in a single-phase grid connected system. The design of LCL filter is addressed in this paper which depends on current ripple, filter size and switching ripple attenuation. In order to account the harmonic content, the FFT analysis is made both in analysis and Matlab Simulink. The Proportional Resonant (PR) controller is developed and work along with LCL filter for reducing the harmonic content. The stability of the system with PR is analyzed using root locus and bode plots and results are compared with PI controls. The result shows that PR controller performs better compared to the PI controller for reducing the harmonic content present in the single-phase system and for improving the system stability.</span></p>
Incidence of New-Onset and Worsening Heart Failure Before and After the COVID-19 Epidemic Lockdown in Denmark
Authors: Andersson Charlotte , Gerds Thomas , Fosbøl Emil , Phelps Matthew , Andersen Julie , Lamberts Morten , Holt Anders , Butt Jawad H. , Madelaire Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Schou Morten 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The Danish government ordered a public lockdown on March 12, 2020, because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigated the immediate consequences of such a lockdown for patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods:
Using the Danish nationwide administrative databases, we investigated the incidence of new-onset HF and hospitalizations for worsening HF before and after the lockdown (January 1 to March 11 versus March 12 to March 31) in 2020 versus 2019. We also investigated the mortality for all patients with HF and in COVID-19–infected patients with HF.

Results:

Rates of new-onset HF between January 1 and March 11 were comparable for 2020 and 2019 (1.83 versus 1.78 per 10 000 person-years;
P
=0.19), while hospitalizations for worsening HF were slightly higher in 2020 versus 2019 (1.04 versus 0.93 per 1000 person-years;
P
=0.02). In the lockdown period, rates of new-onset HF diagnoses (1.26 versus 2.25 per 1000 person-years) and of hospitalizations for worsening HF (0.63 versus 0.99 per 1000 person-years) were significantly lower in 2020 versus 2019 (
P
for both, <0.0001). Mortality was similar before and after the national lockdown for the population with HF. We observed 90 HF patients with diagnosed COVID-19 infection, of whom 37% (95% CI, 23%–50%) died within 15 days.

Conclusions:
The number of patients hospitalized with worsening HF or diagnosed with new-onset HF was markedly reduced after lockdown but has not yet impacted mortality in HF patients at a population-based level. However, these data raise concerns for a potential undertreatment of HF currently that may impact prognosis in the longer term.
Improving Cardiovascular Workforce Competencies in Cardio‐Obstetrics: Current Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Sharma Garima , Zakaria Sammy , Michos Erin D. , Bhatt Ami B. , Lundberg Gina P. , Florio Karen L. , Vaught Arthur Jason , Ouyang Pamela , Mehta Laxmi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Maternal mortality in the United States is the highest among all developed nations, partly because of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in pregnancy and beyond. There is growing recognition that specialists involved in caring for obstetric patients with cardiovascular disease need training in the new discipline of cardio‐obstetrics. Training can include integrated formal cardio‐obstetrics curricula in general cardiovascular disease training programs, and developing and disseminating joint cardiac and obstetric societal guidelines. Other efforts to help strengthen the cardio‐obstetric field include increased collaborations and advocacy efforts between stakeholder organizations, development of
US
‐based registries, and widespread establishment of multidisciplinary pregnancy heart teams. In this review, we present the current challenges in creating a cardio‐obstetrics community, present the growing need for education and training of cardiovascular disease practitioners skilled in the care of obstetric patients, and identify potential solutions and future efforts to improve cardiovascular care of this high‐risk patient population.