bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Appropriateness and Cost Savings of Pharmacist-Driven Palivizumab Ordering
Authors: Weaver Krista L. , Bondi Deborah S. , Shah Pooja A. , Bhagat Palak H. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES
Guidelines by the AAP for the use of palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) recommend administration within 72 hours prior to discharge for selected high-risk patient populations. Our institution historically administered palivizumab on a fixed-day schedule of Mondays and Thursdays, but adjusted the practice in fall 2017 to a pharmacist-driven flex-schedule based on anticipated discharge date. This review evaluated the effect of pharmacist-driven palivizumab ordering on the appropriateness of palivizumab administrations, based on AAP and institutional recommendations. Additionally, this review evaluated for effects on institutional cost.

METHODS
This was a retrospective single-center evaluation including patients for whom palivizumab was ordered between July 1, 2016, and June 30, 2018. Patients in the 2016–2017 RSV season were in the fixed-day group, while patients in the 2017–2018 RSV season were in the flex-schedule group.

RESULTS
A total of 142 palivizumab doses were evaluated. Overall, 97% of administrations were for an appropriate indication. All doses administered inappropriately (n = 4) occurred in the fixed-day group. In the fixed-day group, 48.6% of doses were given within 72 hours prior to discharge, which increased to 70.1% in the flex-schedule group (p = 0.01). The amount of drug saved by batching was 1 vial for every 4.9 patients in the fixed-day group, and 1 vial for every 4.8 patients in the flex-schedule group.

CONCLUSIONS
There was a statistically significant improvement in compliance with AAP recommendations following the implementation of pharmacist-driven flex-schedule for palivizumab, compared to a fixed-day batching schedule. There was no significant difference in cost.
Socio-demographic and Clinical Correlates of Community Reintegration of Stroke Survivors in Nigeria
Authors: Ali Muhammad Usman , Garba Auwal Yahaya , Oyeyemi Adewale Luqman , Masta Mamman Ali , Gujba Fatima Kachallah , Modu Ali Alhaji 
Published: September 2020

Background: Low level of community reintegration among stroke survivors is a major obstacle to rehabilitation services post discharge from acute care. Few studies have assessed the impact of community reintegration on stroke survivors in Nigeria. This study investigates community reintegration and associated factors among stroke survivors in Maiduguri, Nigeria.
Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to recruit 55 stroke survivors attending rehabilitation services from two public hospitals in Maiduguri. Community reintegration was assessed with the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) questionnaire, while information on sociodemographics (e.g., age group, gender, employment status, educational status) and clinical characteristics (e.g., post stroke duration, types of stroke, side of affectation) was obtained using the data form. Logistic regression analyses with odd ratios were used to test the associations between community reintegration and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
Results: The mean age and post stroke duration of the participants were 44.69±13.06 years and 17.25±24.90 months respectively. The participants’ community reintegration scores showed that 60%, 38.2% and 1.8% have no integration, mild to moderate reintegration and complete reintegration respectively. The results indicated that stroke survivors with a stroke duration greater than 8 months (OR=3.32, C.I=1.08-10.27) and those with haemorrhagic stroke (OR=4.67, C.I=1.05-20.66) were more likely to be reintegrated into the community than their counterparts with 6-8 months post stroke duration and ischaemic stroke, respectively. There was significant association between community reintegration and sociodemographic characteristics such as post stroke duration and type of stroke.
Conclusions: Rehabilitation strategies should focus on clinical characteristics of the stroke survivors when planning and delivering effective community reintegration interventions.
Maternal Expressions (Serum Levels) of Alpha Tumour Necrosis Factor, Interleukin 10, Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 4 in Malaria Infected Pregnant Women Based on Parity in a Tertiary Hospital in Southeast, Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Obeagu, Emmanuel , Uzoma Obeagu, Getrude , Amaeze Amaeze, Augustine , Ijego Asogwa, Eucharia , Felix Chukwurah, Ejike , Ngozi Amaeze, Florence , Nchekwubedi Chukwu, Stella , Chinenye Kama, Stella 
Published: September 2020

Malaria has been reported as a condition caused by infestation with Plasmodium parasite specie, which is a great public health problem globally, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study was carried out in Federal Medical Centre Umuahia in Abia State, Nigeria. The study was done to determine the maternal serum levels of alpha tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 10, interleukin 6, and interleukin 4 in malaria-infected pregnant women based on parities in Southeast, Nigeria. A total of 150 subjects between the ages of 18-45 years were recruited for the study comprising 50 subjects each of 3 parities (groups A-C). A commercial ELISA Kit was used to measure all the cytokines. Neither statistically significant differences were found for TNF-α (p=0.636), IL-10 (p=0.892), IL-6 (p=0.306) and IL-4 (p=0.222) between prime parity and second parity nor for TNF-α (p=0.356), IL-10 (p=0.896), IL-6 (p=0.304) and IL-4 (p=0.298) between prime parity and multi-parity of malaria-infected pregnant women. TNF-α (p=0.255), IL-10 (p=0.524), IL-6 (p=0.616), and IL-4 (p=0.672) between second parity and on multi-parity respectively. The study showed no changes in the cytokines studied among the malaria-infected pregnant women based on parities. It shows that the number of pregnancies in women infected with malaria has no changes in the levels of the cytokines studied.
Eliminating computed tomography imaging artifacts through 3D printed radiotherapy head supports
Authors: Bedwani Stéphane , Blais Danis , Roberge David , DeBlois François 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe geometry of an immobilization device such as a headrest can cause undesired computed tomography (CT) artifacts that may affect both volume definition and dosimetry in radiotherapy of the brain. The purpose of this work was to reduce CT artifacts caused by a standard hard plastic hollow radiotherapy headrest. This was to be achieved through design and prototyping of a custom‐made head support.MethodsA series of CT scans were acquired of both a water phantom and an anthropomorphic head phantom which were resting on custom‐made three‐dimensional (3D) printed supports. All custom‐made supports were made of polylactic acid (PLA) plastic filament and printed by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology. Initial designs were studied with a water phantom using a simplified support with straight and curved shapes both at the edges and as infill patterns. Imaging of a 3D printed clinical prototype was then compared to our standard headrest using an anthropomorphic head phantom.ResultsThe presence of dark streaks inside both phantoms was seen on the CT images for headrests involving supports with straight shapes at the edges or as infill patterns. Such artifacts were ascribed to the exponential edge‐gradient effect (EEGE). No such artifact was observed when the support was designed with a combination of curved edges and infill patterns.ConclusionWhen developing immobilization accessories for use in CT scanners, more attention could be paid to artifact attenuating design elements. This work illustrates the usefulness of 3D printing in prototyping radiotherapy accessories and solving concrete clinical problems.
Robust observer design for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear singular systems with persistent disturbances
Authors: Coutinho Daniel , de Souza Carlos E. , Kinnaert Michel , Schons Silvane 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article addresses the design of a nonlinear observer for nonlinear uncertain discrete‐time descriptor systems. The nonlinearities that appear in both state and output equations fulfill a Lipschitz‐like condition locally. Besides, the parametric uncertainties can affect the state dynamics as well as the input and output channels. The design methodology ensures input‐to‐state stability of the observer while minimizing an upper bound on a peak‐to‐peak performance index relating the disturbances/parametric uncertainties and the error in estimating a given performance signal. The observer design is cast as a convex optimization problem involving a set of linear matrix inequalities subject to a linear matrix equality constraint. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples.
Body mass estimation for circum‐Pacific Asian people based on somatometric data
Authors: Takigawa Wataru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesMultiple regression approaches for estimating body mass by somatometry typically use stature and biiliocristal breadth. However, these measures were obtained largely from Europeans, Africans, and Indo‐Mediterraneans, whereas mid‐latitude Asians were not broadly reflected. Thus, new estimation formulas for circum‐Pacific Asians were devised, and the accuracy was evaluated using raw individual data.Materials and MethodsTargeting Asians in the traditional society or before the 1960s and performing multiple regression analysis (MRA) with body weight as the objective variable, and stature, body breadth, and product of head length/breadth (HLBpr) as explanatory variables. The target population was divided into four climate groups, and the formulas were prepared for each sex or the combined‐sexes.ResultsThe MRA by stature and body breadth indicated significant multiple correlation coefficients (R) in many formulas. R was higher in the combined‐sexes. Among the four climate groups, the temperate group showed the highest R. In the East/Southeast Asians, R exceeded 0.8 in the MRA by stature and HLBpr. Substituting the raw data of 19th‐century Japanese males, the temperate group formulas presented the least error, and the error in all the formulas using body breadth was <2 kg.ConclusionsAs body mass index varies significantly depending on some climatic factors, estimation formulas mixed with various climate groups are not desirable because of the large errors. For the mid‐latitude Asians, the temperate group formulas are expected to have a smaller error; however, in the group where the proportion of underweight individuals was originally high, any formula tends to be overestimated.
Lithium‐Ion Transport in Li4Ti5O12 Epitaxial Thin Films vs. State of Charge
Authors: Pagani Francesco , Döbeli Max , Battaglia Corsin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the electrochemical lithiation of epitaxial Li4Ti5O12 thin‐film model electrodes grown on epitaxial platinum current collectors. Structure and composition of Li4Ti5O12 films are confirmed by out‐of‐plane and in‐plane X‐ray diffraction and elastic recoil detection analysis. Employing different cell configurations, we deconvolute electrochemical impedance spectra and extract for the first time the lithium‐ion conductivity as a function of electrochemical lithiation. Lithium‐ion conductivity increases monotonously by more than two orders of magnitude from 2.6 ⋅ 10−9 S/cm in Li4Ti5O12 to above 3 ⋅ 10−7 S/cm between Li4.5Ti5O12 and Li6Ti5O12 and drops again to 1.3 ⋅ 10−9 S/cm in Li7Ti5O12. We discuss our results in light of nuclear magnetic resonance studies and theoretical models reported previously and derive important implications for fast‐charging applications of lithium‐ion batteries with Li4Ti5O12 anodes.
Pathways to post‐traumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: Trauma, executive functioning, and family history of alcoholism in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Subbie‐Saenz de Viteri Stacey , Pandey Ashwini , Pandey Gayathri , Kamarajan Chella , Smith Rebecca , Anokhin Andrey , Bauer Lance , Bender Annah , Chan Grace , Dick Danielle , Edenberg Howard , Kinreich Sivan , Kramer John , Schuckit Marc , Zang Yong , McCutcheon Vivia , Bucholz Kathleen , Porjesz Bernice , Meyers Jacquelyn L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionFamily history (FH) of alcohol dependence is likely to increase the risk of trauma exposure, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol dependence. FH of alcohol dependence and trauma has been separately shown to adversely affect planning/problem‐solving aspects of executive function. However, few studies have examined these risk factors in an integrated model.MethodsUsing data from trauma‐exposed individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism prospective cohort (N = 1,860), comprising offspring from alcohol‐dependent high‐risk and comparison families (mean age [SE] = 21.9 [4.2]), we investigated associations of trauma (nonsexual assaultive, nonassaultive, sexual assaultive) with DSM‐IV PTSD and alcohol dependence symptom counts, and planning/problem‐solving abilities assessed using the Tower of London Test (TOLT). Moderating effects of family history density of alcohol use disorder (FHD) on these associations and sex differences were explored.ResultsFamily history density was positively associated with PTSD in female participants who endorsed a sexual assaultive trauma. Exposure to nonsexual assaultive trauma was associated with more excess moves made on the TOLT.ConclusionFindings from this study demonstrate associations with PTSD and alcohol dependence symptom counts, as well as poor problem‐solving ability in trauma‐exposed individuals from families densely affected with alcohol dependence, depending on trauma type, FHD, and sex. This suggests that having a FH of alcohol dependence and exposure to trauma during adolescence may be associated with more PTSD and alcohol dependence symptoms, and poor problem‐solving abilities in adulthood.
Influence of resilience on the relations among acculturative stress, somatization, and anxiety in latinx immigrants
Authors: Cariello Annahir N. , Perrin Paul B. , Morlett‐Paredes Alejandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn cultures where psychological distress is stigmatized, the presentation of emotional distress as somatic complaints is a frequent occurrence. Understanding factors that contribute to the presentation of somatization in Latinx immigrants is crucial due to its tie to poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to explore relations among acculturative stress, anxiety, somatization, and resilience in a sample of Latinx immigrants living in the United States.MethodsData were collected from 204 Latinx immigrants across diverse community settings.ResultsAcculturative stress was positively related to both anxiety and somatization, and the relation between acculturative stress and somatization occurred through anxiety. Resilience moderated the relations between acculturative stress and somatization, and between anxiety and somatization.ConclusionThis study suggests that Latinx immigrants presenting with somatic symptoms may benefit from the examination of a possible comorbid presentation of anxiety or acculturative stressors. An integrated behavioral healthcare approach is recommended when working with Latinx immigrants evaluating the impact of minority stressors on health. Clinicians are encouraged to incorporate cultural protective factors that reinforce the development and sustenance of resilience.
An advanced hybrid smoothed particle hydrodynamics–fluid implicit particle method on adaptive grid for condensation simulation
Authors: Shi Jiajun , Li Chen , Wang Changbo , Qin Hong , He Gaoqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel hybrid framework by combining smoothed particle hydrodynamics and adaptive narrow band fluid implicit particle method (NB‐FLIP) to faithfully model the multiphysical processes involving heat transfer and phase transition, and to precisely simulate the dynamics of condensed droplets moving along intricate objects. We first formulate a governing physical model built upon an improved phase transition model and an augmented on‐surface drop analysis method to achieve realistic condensation effects over intricate hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface. To achieve both high‐fidelity interactions and high‐resolution visual effects, we further develop an adaptive NB‐FLIP solver with octree‐dictated background grid in order to further enhance the performance of our framework. Experimental results have shown that our approach can be used to efficiently and realistically simulate the small‐scale interaction details between condensed drops and complex objects with arbitrary geometry.
Gelatinization kinetics and starch particle structure of formula feed in limited water system employing homogeneous thermal treatments
Authors: Jin Nan , Wang Hongying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesDuring conditioning, one of the most important feed thermal processing techniques, the gelatinization of starch in feedstuffs is applied extensively. In this study, the gelatinization kinetics and transformations of starch particle structure of formula feed subjected to thermal treatments in limited water system were investigated.FindingsGelatinization process of feed in limited water system followed the first‐order kinetics model. The relatively low Ea obtained from the linear regressions of kinetics parameters could only be called “incomplete gelatinization activation energy.” The decrease in birefringence was higher in the center of starch granules in heat‐treated feed samples. The crystalline phases of all samples changed to V‐type attributed to the formation of the amylose–lipid complexes, and the relative crystallinity of samples increased with the heating duration within certain temperature.ConclusionGelatinization process of feed samples suffering thermal treatments started from the destruction of amorphous regions in the center of starch granules. Destruction and re‐formation of the crystalline structure occurred simultaneously during the heat–moisture treatments of samples.Significance and noveltyThe results help to understand the mechanisms of starch gelatinization in practical feed conditioning and to find new ways to improve the effects of feed conditioning.
Germline and somatic genetic alterations in two first‐degree relatives with appendiceal low‐grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei
Authors: King Mary Caitlin , Munoz‐Zuluaga Carlos , Ledakis Panayotis , Studeman Kimberley , Sittig Michelle , Gushchin Vadim , Sardi Armando 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComparing genetic mutations of first‐degree relatives with appendiceal pseudomyxoma peritonei may explain clinical outcomes and disease pathogenesis. Molecular profiling of mucinous tumors may identify improved treatments to traditional chemotherapy.
Remarkable response to pericardial window procedure and weekly docetaxel treatment in a metastatic breast cancer patient with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
Authors: Ucche Meita , Putra Andika , Gustisiya Muhammad Agi Ramadhani , Choridah Lina , Supriatna Yana , Dwidanarti Sri Retna , Dinarti Lucia Kris , Mumpuni Hasanah , Suluk Auliya , Malueka Rusdy Ghazali , Aribowo Haryo , Suwardjo  , Gani Munawar , Riyanto Bambang Sigit , Taroeno‐Hariadi Kartika Widayati , Hutajulu Susanna Hilda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetastatic breast cancer may present as a pericardial effusion that can progress to a life‐threatening cardiac tamponade. Pericardial window followed by initial chemotherapy needs to be immediately applied in order to achieve a favorable outcome.
Optimization of Helical Microreactors by a Genetic Algorithm Technique
Authors: Beigzadeh Reza , Izadi Mahtab , Rahimi Masoud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicromixing in coiled microreactors is attained by a higher pressure drop and more pumping power. The optimum geometries of helically coiled microreactors were determined by multiobjective optimization based on a genetic algorithm (GA). The segregation index (Xs) values of the Villermaux/Dushman reaction were measured in twelve coiled microchannels. The effects of the geometries including curvature diameter and coil pitch on the mixing performance and pressure drop were investigated. The mixing performance of the microreactors and the pressure drop were considered as the GA objectives. The optimum geometries of the studied coiled microchannels with a trade‐off between Xs and friction factors were obtained using GA‐based multiobjective optimization.
An E3 ubiquitin ligase, cullin‐4 regulates retinal differentiation in Drosophila eye
Authors: Tare Meghana , Chimata Anuradha Venkatakrishnan , Gogia Neha , Narwal Sonia , Deshpande Prajakta , Singh Amit 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDuring organogenesis, cell proliferation is followed by the differentiation of specific cell types to form an organ. Any aberration in differentiation can result in developmental defects, which can result in a partial to a near‐complete loss of an organ. We employ the Drosophila eye model to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the process of differentiation. In a forward genetic screen, we identified, cullin‐4 (cul‐4), which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to play an important role in retinal differentiation. During development, cul‐4 is known to be involved in protein degradation, regulation of genomic stability, and regulation of cell cycle. Previously, we have reported that cul‐4 regulates cell death during eye development by downregulating Wingless (Wg)/Wnt signaling pathway. We found that loss‐of‐function of cul‐4 results in a reduced eye phenotype, which can be due to onset of cell death. However, we found that loss‐of‐function of cul‐4 also affects retinal development by downregulating retinal determination (RD) gene expression. Early markers of retinal differentiation are dysregulated in cul‐4 loss of function conditions, indicating that cul‐4 is necessary for differentiation. Furthermore, loss‐of‐function of cul‐4 ectopically induces expression of negative regulators of eye development like Wg and Homothorax (Hth). During eye development, Wg is known to block the progression of a synchronous wave of differentiation referred to as Morphogenetic furrow (MF). In cul‐4 loss‐of‐function background, expression of dpp‐lacZ, a MF marker, is significantly downregulated. Our data suggest a new role of cul‐4 in retinal differentiation. These studies may have significant bearings on our understanding of early eye development.
Caught in the Act: Variation in plastid genome inverted repeat expansion within and between populations of Medicago minima
Authors: Choi In‐Su , Jansen Robert , Ruhlman Tracey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe inverted repeat (IR) lacking clade (IRLC) is a monophyletic group within the Papilionoideae subfamily of Fabaceae where plastid genomes (plastomes) do not contain the large IR typical of land plants. Recently, an IRLC legume, Medicago minima, was found to have regrown a ~9 kb IR that contained a number of canonical IR genes, and closely related M. lupulina contained an incomplete IR of ~425 bp. Complete plastomes were generated for seven additional species, putative members of the M. minima clade. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to investigate the presence of the IR across M. minima and M. lupulina including individuals of nine and eight Eurasian and North African accessions and 15 and 14 Texas populations, respectively. While no sequence similar to the ~9 kb IR was detected among the seven newly sequenced plastomes, all Eurasian and North African accessions of M. minima contained the IR. Variation in IR extent was detected within and between the Texas populations. Expansions of 13 bp and 11 bp occurred at the boundaries of both IR/small single‐copy regions, and populations had one or the other expansion, but not both. Expansion of the IR was not detected in the accessions from Eurasia and North Africa suggesting recent mutations yielded at least two additional plastid haplotypes in M. minima.