bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of coronary calcification on outcomes after ABSORB scaffold implantation: insights from the GABI-R registry
Authors: Hemetsberger Rayyan , Abdelghani Mohammad , Mankerious Nader , Allali Abdelhakim , Toelg Ralph , Gori Tommaso , Achenbach Stephan , Riemer Thomas , Mehilli Julinda , Nef Holger M. , Naber Christoph , Wöhrle Jochen , Zahn Ralf , Kastner Johannes , Schmermund Axel , Hamm Christian , Münzel Thomas , Richardt Gert 
Published: April 2020

Objective
To investigate the outcomes after bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) implantation in calcified coronary lesions. In calcified coronary lesions, durable metallic drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation is associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to noncalcified lesions. Although not recommended, BRSs were frequently implanted in calcified lesions in clinical practice. Their outcome is not well investigated.

Methods
Between November 2013 and January 2016, 3326 patients were enrolled in the German-Austrian ABSORB ReglstRy (GABI-R). Lesion calcification severity was classified into no (n = 1144), mild (n = 1306), and moderate-to-severe (n = 690) calcification.

Results
Patients with calcification were older (none: 59.1 ± 11.2 vs. mild: 61.6 ± 10.9 vs. moderate to severe: 62.4 ± 10.5 years, P < 0.001), had more diabetes (19.1 vs. 20.8 vs. 23.9%, P = 0.015), and more often had previous myocardial infarction (MI) (19.3 vs. 23.1 vs. 25.4%, P = 0.002). Despite a higher rate of postdilatations (P < 0.001), lesions with calcification had more residual stenosis (2.05 ± 9.36% vs. 3.11 ± 9.36% vs. 3.89 ± 9.39%, P < 0.001). Consequently, procedural success was achieved in 97.7 vs. 96.2 vs. 93.6% of cases in none, mild, and moderate-to-severe calcification (P < 0.001). At 24 months, cardiac death (0.3 vs. 0.7 vs. 1.6%, P = 0.009) was higher with increasing calcification. However, no significant between-group difference was observed in the incidence of target vessel MI, target vessel revascularization, or target lesion failure. The rate of probable scaffold thrombosis was significantly higher with increasing calcification.

Conclusion
In GABI-R, ABSORB scaffolds in calcified lesions required more postdilation, led to more residual stenosis, but did not portend increased target lesion revascularization over 2 years. Nevertheless, coronary calcification severity emerged as a cardiovascular risk marker and was predictive of cardiovascular mortality. Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02066623.
Involving local communities for effective citizen science: Determining game species' reproductive status to assess hunting effects in tropical forests
Authors: El Bizri Hani R. , Fa Julia E. , Lemos Lísley P. , Campos‐Silva João V. , Vasconcelos Neto Carlos F. A. , Valsecchi João , Mayor Pedro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Involving communities in sustainable wildlife management in tropical forests can ensure food security and livelihoods of millions of forest dwellers that depend on wild meat, and also safeguard hunted species. Mathematical models have been developed to assess hunting sustainability; but these require empirical information on reproductive parameters of the prey species, often challenging to obtain.

Here, we suggest that if local people can accurately identify the reproductive status of hunted animals in the field, these data could fill the existing knowledge gap regarding species' life‐history traits and enable better assessments of hunting impacts.

We first tested whether local people in 15 rural communities in three Amazonian sites could accurately diagnose, before and after training, the pregnancy status of hunted pacas Cuniculus paca, which we use as our model. We then applied the results from these tests to correct reproductive status data of hunted specimens, voluntarily collected over 17 years (2002–2018) as part of a citizen-science project in one of our study sites. We ran generalized additive models to contrast these corrected reproductive rates with those obtained from the direct analysis of genitalia by researchers, and with indices describing game extraction levels (catch‐per‐unit‐effort, CPUE, and age structure of hunted individuals).

Before training, interviewees correctly diagnosed pregnancy in 72.5% of tests, but after training, interviewees accurately diagnosed pregnancy in 88.2% of tests, with high improvements especially for earlier pregnancy stages. Monthly pregnancy rates determined by hunters and by researchers were similar. Reported annual pregnancy rates were negatively correlated with CPUE, and positively correlated with the percentage of immatures in the hunted population, in accordance with an expected density‐dependent response to variations in hunting levels.

Synthesis and applications. We show that the voluntary diagnosis of game species' reproductive status by local people is a feasible method to obtain accurate life‐history parameters for hunted tropical species, and to assess hunting effects on game populations. Given that almost half of the protected areas in the world are co‐managed by local people, our results confirm the potential of integrating local communities in citizen-science initiatives to ensure faster, low‐cost and more accurate data collection for wildlife management.
Cook's Endeavour, ship of discovery or ship of distemper: an assessment after 250 years
Authors: Short Bruce H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 250‐year anniversary of Cook's landfall at Botany Bay on 28 April 1770, approximately half way through a global circumnavigation, was an extraordinary maritime undertaking. An enterprise of astronomy, cartography, cultural–botanical documentation and revelation achieved without a death from infectious disease and only 10 mild cases of scurvy in a ship's company of 95 men. The subsequent homeward journey was far less endurable, marked by shipwreck, unforeseen prolonged delays and fatal epidemics of flux and malaria. Mild scurvy within a handful of souls in a crew experimenting with several putative antiscorbutics, yet at voyage's end the precise treatment of scurvy remained enigmatic.
A case of upper lip necrosis after cosmetic injection of hyaluronic acid soft‐tissue filler—Does capillary infarction play a role in the development of vascular compromise, and what are the implications?
Authors: Hirsch Peter , Infanger Manfred , Kraus Armin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFacial rejuvenation with injectable filler substances is a frequently applied outpatient procedure. However, light, moderate, and even severe complications may occur. A case of tissue necrosis at the upper lip after injection of highly cross‐linked hyaluronic acid together with the following salvage procedure is presented here. We discuss this complication with respect to relevant anatomy and physicochemical properties of the filler substance and review the recommendations given in literature for decreasing the likelihood of such an adverse event.
Social Relationships and Loneliness in Late Adulthood: Disparities by Sexual Orientation
Authors: Hsieh Ning , Liu Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis is the first national study to examine disparities in loneliness and social relationships by sexual orientation in late adulthood in the United States.BackgroundPrior studies have shown that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals often struggle with social relationships across the life course, likely because of stigma related to sexual orientation. However, little is known about whether loneliness is more prevalent among LGB people than among other groups in late adulthood, and if so, which relationships contribute to the loneliness gap.MethodWe analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of older adults from the 2015–2016 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 3,567) to examine the disparity in loneliness by sexual orientation and identify links between this disparity and multiple dimensions of social relationships, including partner, family, friend, and community relationships.ResultsOlder LGB adults were significantly lonelier than their heterosexual counterparts, primarily due to a lower likelihood of having a partner and, to a lesser extent, lower levels of family support and greater friend strain. While they were also disadvantaged in the size of close family and frequency of community participation, these factors were less relevant to their loneliness. Overall, the conventionally defined inner layers of relationships (partnership and family) contributed more to the loneliness disparity than the outer layers of relationships (friends and community).ConclusionThese findings suggest that strengthening the partnerships and family relationships of sexual minorities is essential to reducing the loneliness gap.
Polyploidization events shaped the transcription factor repertoires in legumes (Fabaceae)
Authors: Moharana Kanhu C. , Venancio Thiago M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTranscription factors (TFs) are essential for plant growth and development. Several legumes (e.g. soybean) are rich sources of protein and oil and have great economic importance. Here we report a phylogenomic analysis of TF families in legumes and their potential association with important traits (e.g. nitrogen fixation). We used TF DNA‐binding domains to systematically screen the genomes of 15 leguminous and five non‐leguminous species. Transcription factor orthologous groups (OGs) were used to estimate OG sizes in ancestral nodes using a gene birth–death model, which allowed the identification of lineage‐specific expansions. The OG analysis and rate of synonymous substitutions show that major TF expansions are strongly associated with whole‐genome duplication (WGD) events in the legume (approximately 58 million years ago) and Glycine (approximately 13 million years ago) lineages, which account for a large fraction of the Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max TF repertoires. Of the 3407 G. max TFs, 1808 and 676 have homeologs within single syntenic regions in Phaseolus vulgaris and Vitis vinifera, respectively. We found a trend for TFs expanded in legumes to be preferentially transcribed in roots and nodules, supporting their recruitment early in the evolution of nodulation in the legume clade. Some families also showed count differences between G. max and the wild soybean Glycine soja, including genes located within important quantitative trait loci. Our findings strongly support the roles of two WGDs in shaping the TF repertoires in the legume and Glycine lineages, and these are probably related to important aspects of legume and soybean biology.
Association between maternal and paternal mental illness and risk of injuries in children and adolescents: nationwide register based cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Nevriana Alicia , Pierce Matthias , Dalman Christina , Wicks Susanne , Hasselberg Marie , Hope Holly , Abel Kathryn M , Kosidou Kyriaki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine the association between parental mental illness and the risk of injuries among offspring.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Swedish population based registers.

Participants
1 542 000 children born in 1996-2011 linked to 893 334 mothers and 873 935 fathers.

Exposures
Maternal or paternal mental illness (non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, alcohol or drug misuse, mood disorders, anxiety and stress related disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders) identified through linkage to inpatient or outpatient healthcare registers.

Main outcome measures
Risk of injuries (transport injury, fall, burn, drowning and suffocation, poisoning, violence) at ages 0-1, 2-5, 6-9, 10-12, and 13-17 years, comparing children of parents with mental illness and children of parents without mental illness, calculated as the rate difference and rate ratio adjusted for confounders.

Results
Children with parental mental illness contributed to 201 670.5 person years of follow-up, while children without parental mental illness contributed to 2 434 161.5 person years. Children of parents with mental illness had higher rates of injuries than children of parents without mental illness (for any injury at age 0-1, these children had an additional 2088 injuries per 100 000 person years; number of injuries for children with and without parental mental illness was 10 235 and 72 723, respectively). At age 0-1, the rate differences ranged from 18 additional transport injuries to 1716 additional fall injuries per 100 000 person years among children with parental mental illness compared with children without parental mental illness. A higher adjusted rate ratio for injuries was observed from birth through adolescence and the risk was highest during the first year of life (adjusted rate ratio at age 0-1 for the overall association between any parental mental illness that has been recorded in the registers and injuries 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.26 to 1.33). Adjusted rate ratios at age 0-1 ranged from 1.28 (1.24 to 1.32) for fall injuries to 3.54 (2.28 to 5.48) for violence related injuries. Common and serious maternal and paternal mental illness was associated with increased risk of injuries in children, and estimates were slightly higher for common mental disorders.

Conclusions
Parental mental illness is associated with increased risk of injuries among offspring, particularly during the first years of the child’s life. Efforts to increase access to parental support for parents with mental illness, and to recognise and treat perinatal mental morbidity in parents in secondary care might prevent child injury.
Hospital-based sentinel surveillance forStreptococcus pneumoniaeand other invasive bacterial diseases in India (HBSSPIBD): design and methodology
Authors: Rajkumar Prabu , Bharathy Sukumar , Girish Kumar C P , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Verghese Valsan , Gupta Nivedita , Kangusamy Boopathi , Ravi Muthusamy , Jayaraman Yuvaraj 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionStreptococcus pneumoniaeis one of the frequently isolated organisms and an important aetiological agent of invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) like pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. As a measure to control the burden of IBD, the Government of India introduced Pneumoccocal Conjugate Vaccine-13 (PCV-13) in the Universal Immunization Program in high burden districts of five states in a phased manner from 2017 onwards. It is essential to understand the trend of circulating pneumococcal serotypes associated with IBD in the prevaccination and postvaccination scenarios to decide on the expansion of vaccination programmes and PCV reformulation. This manuscript describes the protocol for hospital-based sentinel surveillance forS. pneumoniaeand other organisms causing IBD across various geographical regions in India.Methods and analysisHospital-based surveillance is established in selected hospitals to recruit children aged 1–59 months with symptoms of pneumonia and other IBD. Diagnostic criteria were adapted from standard WHO case definitions. Case Report Forms (CRFs) are used to collect data from the enrolled children. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other normally sterile body fluids are collected and subjected to microscopy, cytology, latex agglutination, biochemistry, bacteriological culture and real-time PCR as applicable. Pneumococcal isolates are serotyped and tested for assessing antimicrobial resistance patterns. Data will be analysed by simple descriptive statistics to estimate the proportion of pneumonia and other IBD due toS. pneumoniae,Hemophilus influenzaetype b andNeisseria meningitidis. Prevalence of bacterial infection, circulating pneumococcal serotypes, antibiotic resistance patterns, serotype variability across seasons and regions will be described in terms of percentage with 95% confidence interval.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review boards of the coordinating centre, all sentinel sites, regional and national reference laboratories approved the project. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and shared with stakeholders for deciding on revising vaccination strategy appropriately.
Maisonneuve fracture in a cat: disruption of the tibiofibular ligament and proximal fibular fracture
Authors: Piana Francesco , Langley‐Hobbs Sorrel J 
Published: April 2020

Complete tibiofibular ligament rupture leading to instability of the talocrural joint was diagnosed in a cat after a slow‐speed car accident. Concomitant injuries included fracture of the proximal fibula and talocalcaneocentral luxation. In humans, an injury that includes a proximal fibular fracture and disruption of the tibiofibular ligament is described as a Maisonneuve fracture. Restoration of the tibiofibular ligament was achieved with a 1.5 mm positional screw, which also restored stability to the talocrural joint. A 2.0 mm screw was used to reduce the talocalcaneocentral luxation. No complications related to implants and healing process were registered at clinical follow‐up after 8 weeks and on radiographs. A satisfactory return to function was documented long‐term at 18 months postoperatively. From this clinical experience, the tibiofibular ligament appears to play an important role in maintaining stability to the lateral aspect of the talocrural joint and cats with proximal fibular fractures should be checked for concurrent tibiofibular ligament rupture as seen in the Maisonneuve fracture in humans.
Ventricular volume changes after successful shunting in hydrocephalic infants
Authors: Hasanin Tarek Mohamed , Mansour Ahmed Said , Alemam Saeed Esmaeel , Alnoamany Hossam Abd-Elhakim , Alam-Eldien Mohammed Leithy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Due to increased number of patients suffering from hydrocephalus (HCP) and lack of data concerning volumetric changes after shunting operations, this study aims to assess the volumetric changes in brain ventricles after successful ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery in correlation with clinical improvement.

Patient and methods
This study included 20 patients; all of them are below the age of 2 years. All the patients had hydrocephalus, were treated surgically with VP shunts, and have clinically improved over the period of study. We measured the volumetric changes radiologically using the fronto-occipital horn ratio (FOHR) over a period of 6 months postoperatively.

Results
The frontal and occipital horn ratio was calculated in all these patients both pre and postoperatively. There was a significant radiological improvement in the majority of children after the shunt operation. One month postoperatively, the FOHR decreased to about 85% of its preoperative value in average. The FOHR was found to be significantly improving with time over a period of 6 months reaching 63% of its preoperative value.

Conclusion
Successful treatment of HCP in infants via VPS seems to be of benefit in decreasing the ventricular size gradually to a near normal FOHR with clinical improvement.
Timing of NO Binding and Protonation in the Catalytic Reaction of Bacterial Nitric Oxide Reductase as Established by Time-Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Takeda Hanae , Kimura Tetsunari , Nomura Takashi , Horitani Masaki , Yokota Azusa , Matsubayashi Akiko , Ishii Shoko , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Kubo Minoru , Tosha Takehiko 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Membrane-integrated nitric oxide reductases (NOR) catalyze the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O) from two NO molecules using two protons and two electrons at a heme/non-heme iron binuclear center. Despite extensive efforts, the mechanism underlying the NOR-catalyzed reaction has been poorly understood due to the rapidity of the reaction. Here, we utilized a photosensitive caged NO compound as a trigger for the NOR reaction to characterize the NO reduction mechanism by time-resolved visible absorption spectroscopy. We showed that the NOR reaction consists of three steps. One NO molecule binds to the reduced binuclear center to form a non-heme Fe(II)-NO species in the 1st phase (microsecond timescale), followed by a migration of NO to form the other chemical species, possibly 5-coordinate heme b3-NO, in the 2nd phase (timescale of tens of microseconds). Then, the NO bound to heme reacts with a second NO molecule in the 3rd phase (millisecond timescale), in which protonation and electron transfer promote N-N bond formation and N-O bond cleavage to yield N2O. These findings led us to propose a revised trans mechanism for NO reduction by NOR.
The difference in dose and image quality between magnification methods used after the introduction of larger 60-inch operator screens
Authors: Mortimer-Roberts Hywel , Rees Michael R 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine whether the use of display matrix magnification on larger operator screens without the use of conventional magnification can reduce radiation dose to the patient, and what effect it would have on image quality. Methods: The kerma-area product (KAP) resulting from standard projections in cardiac angiography were measured when an anthropomorphic phantom was imaged using conventional magnification method and display matrix magnification. The image quality was also evaluated by three observers using a TOR 18FG test tool for both magnification method. Results: The mean radiation KAP for the seven views with conventional magnification was 36.65 µGy m−2 whilst a reduction in KAP of 20.4% is possible using display matrix magnification (p < 0.05). The image resolution during acquisition was identical between both methods and only slightly reduced for the display matrix (1.6 LP mm−1) compared to conventional magnification (1.8 LP mm−1) when images were stored and retrieved on a Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) system. Both methods retained the same low-contrast detectability to PACS, with only a slight increase in detectability of 18 for display matrix magnification compared to 17 for conventional. Conclusion: Using display matrix magnification instead of conventional equipment magnification significantly reduces radiation does in all standard cardiac views without reducing image quality for the operator. This reduction in radiation dose is significant (p < 0.05) for the patients. The resolution did not change during acquisition, but contrast improved slightly (0.9% threshold contrast), but lost resolution of 0.2 LP mm−1 when archived to PACS. Advances in knowledge: This is a new method of reducing significant dose to the patient during cardiology examinations and may encourage further studies in other fluoroscopy lead examination to see if it could work for them.