bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathologic Profile of Salivary Gland Tumors among Specimens from a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghartimagar Dilasma , Ghosh Arnab , Shrestha Manish Kiran , Thapa Sushma , Talwar Om Prakash 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors are rare, comprising about 3% of all head and neck neoplasms. About 80% of the tumors are in parotids, 10% in submandibular glands and the remainders are distributed in sublingual and minor salivary glands. This study was conducted to evaluate the relative frequencies, types, site of distribution and the histopathological features of salivary gland tumors.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara from January 2011 to December 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the institutional review committee of Manipal College of Medical Sciences (Ref: 314). Convenient sampling was done among specimen. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.
Results: Among the 130 specimens, the patients’ age ranged from 6 to 78 years with a mean age of 37.26 years for benign tumors and 48.45 years for malignant tumors. There was female predominance with a male to female ratio of 1:1.36. There were 98 cases of benign tumors, commonest being pleomorphic adenoma with 82 (83.67%) cases which was noticed more frequently in fourth decade of life. Among the 32 malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the commonest tumor 20 (62.5%), followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma 7 (23.33%).
Conclusions: Benign salivary gland tumors were more common than malignant tumors and the most common site of location was the parotid for both the benign and malignant tumors. Female outnumbered the male population in benign tumors whereas males were slightly more than females in malignant tumors. This study corroborated well with other previously published studies.
Perceived Stress and Stressors among Medical and Dental Students of Bhairhawa, Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bali Harleen , Rai Vaibhav , Khanduri Nitin , Tripathi Rupam , Adhikari Khushbu , Sapkota Binam 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Medical school is recognized as a stressful environment that may have a negativeeffect on a student’s academic performance, health, and psychosocial well-being. This could furtherimpact future health professionals’ attitudes and compromise patients’ care. This study aims to findout various sources of stress for medical and dental students to help prevent many future healthproblems in a student’s life.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done in Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairhawa,Nepal, among undergraduate final year bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery and third andfourth year (phase I and phase II) dental students, using a questionnaire with Likert’s scale. Dataobtained was tabulated and analyzed using analysis of variance.
Results: Results showed that stress during exam 210 (92.9%) and preparation phase 200 (88.5%) stoodout as the maximum stressors for our study group. The least stress-causing element was recorded asterms with seniors 45 (19.9%), adjustment with roommates 52 (23.01%), and competing with peers69 (30.53%). Length of course 187 (82.74%), understanding the course 173 (76.55%), reading severaltextbooks 171 (75.66%), and work overload 165 (73.01%) amounted to significant stressors.
Conclusions: Stress has a detrimental effect both on health as well as academic performance. Thestressors at the campus should be identified and proper coping assistance should be provided toindividual students. Systemic efforts are needed to address their concerns and make mental healthcare easily accessible to them. Counseling and awareness are recommended.
Study of Arteriovenous Fistula Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Karmacharya Robin Man , Vaidya Satish , Singh Amit Kumar , Dahal Sushil , Dhakal Prasesh , Bhandari Niroj , Bade Sohail , Shrestha Prabha , Thapa Pratima 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistulas are a preferred choice for hemodialysis access in chronickidney disease patients. There is increased adoption of arteriovenous fistula creation in Nepal.Our objective is to study various arteriovenous fistulas that have been created in our center.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital includingall cases of arteriovenous fistula creation from January 2018 to December 2019. We obtained theethical clearance from the institutional review committee of Kathmandu University School ofMedical sciences. Convenient sampling method was used. Detailed vascular mapping and colordoppler ultrasonography was done in the bilateral upper limb as preoperative preparation and tochoose a site for arteriovenous fistula creation. Data were entered into the Statistical Package for theSocial Sciences version 20 for analysis.
Results: Among 50 patients, the most common location was brachiobasilic 20 (40%) patients followedby brachiocephalic 18 (36%), radiocephalic 11 (22%), and arteriovenous graft between the brachialartery and axillary vein 1 (2%). The mean duration of hospital stay was 1.44 days. Three (6%) patientsrequired re-intervention, all within 24 hours. Two (4%) patients had a failure of arteriovenous fistularequiring the creation of a new arteriovenous fistula.
Conclusions: Brachiobasilic was the most common location for arteriovenous fistula creation.Reintervention was not common.
Prevalence of Smoking among Medical Students in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Neharika , Shrestha Nikhil , Bhusal Suzit , Neupane Asmita , Pandey Rakshya , Lohala Nita , Bhandari Arpan Pratik , Yadav Mandeep Kumar , Vaidya Abhinav 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Tobacco smoking is one of the most important preventable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. It has been seen that medical students have a higher frequency of smokingcompared to the general population. This study aims to determine the prevalence of smoking amongthird-year medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospital’s third-yearundergraduate medical students over a four-month period (October 2019 to January 2020). Ethicalclearance was received from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical Collegeand Teaching Hospital. The whole sampling technique was used to collect data. The Global HealthProfessional Students Survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done in thestatistical package for social sciences.
Results: The prevalence of current smoking among selected medical students of Kathmandu MedicalCollege and Teaching Hospital is 34 (30.1%), majority male 26 (23%). Fifty-six (49.4%) of them hadever smoked cigarettes in their life, and 27 (23.9%) had their first cigarette in late adolescence. Thenumber of students who used other forms of tobacco was comparatively lower i.e. 6 (5.3%). Manyof the students 53 (46.9%) were exposed to second-hand smoke both at home and in public, while 18(15.9) exposed only at public places, and 6 (5.3%) only at home.
Conclusions: Our study has concluded that there is a notable prevalence of smoking among theparticipants. This points to the need for specific training sessions in their clinical years about smokingcessation for themselves and regarding counseling for patients.
Prevalence of Cervical Cancer among Cervical Biopsies in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Parajuli Ganesh , Dawadi Pravakar , Khadka Sabina 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancer among the female population inNepal. The incidence and mortality rate due to cervical cancer is higher in developing countrieslike Nepal due to a lack of proper screening and early diagnosis. This study aims to find out theprevalence of cervical cancer among cervical biopsies in a tertiary care center.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the hospital records of cervicalbiopsies from the department of pathology of Shree Birendra Hospital from 1st May 2018 to 30thApril 2019. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee in February 2020.This study was conducted among 146 cervical biopsies by using convenience sampling method.Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion forbinary data. Data were analyzed using excel 2016 software.
Results: The prevalence of cervical cancer among 146 cases included in our study is found to be6 (4.11%) at 95% Confidence Interval (0.90-7.32). Among those cases of cervical cancer, 4 (66.67%)were squamous cell carcinoma, 1 (16.67%) was adenocarcinoma, and 1 (16.67%) was of other type.Maximum cases of cervical cancer were prevalent among higher age groups.
Conclusions: Cervical cancer-related morbidity and mortality are different in different parts ofthe world. It’s burden is primarily seen in developing countries where there is a lack of effectivescreening programs.
Prevalence of Laryngomalacia among Young Children Presenting with Stridor in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Pokharel Apar 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Laryngomalacia is one of the most common causes of stridor in young children. It can be a serious concern to both parents and caregivers. The main objective of this study is to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among young children presenting with stridor in a tertiary care hospital in central Nepal.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out form 1st December 2017 to 1st May 2020 in children less than two years of age in a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of the hospital (reference number: 2020/23). Convenient sampling was done. Detailed demography, clinical examination, and video laryngoscopy findings were evaluated to find the prevalence of laryngomalacia among all children with stridor. Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 430 participants who presented with stridor, the laryngomalacia was found in 234 (66%) (58.7-74.07) cases at a 95% confidence interval. The male: female ratio was 1.7:1. Most children, 192 (67.6%), presented with a milder form of laryngomalacia. The most common type was a mixed type of laryngomalacia in 159 (56%). Sleep-disordered breathing was seen in 113 (39.79%) of children diagnosed with laryngomalacia.
Conclusions: Our study concluded that laryngomalacia was the most common cause of stridor in children less than two years of age. However, in most cases, the problem is not serious and a regular follow-up with weight monitoring is warranted.
Functional Outcome Estimation of Calcaneum Fractures Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Plate and Screws in A Tertiary Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dwivedi Rajeev , Khatri Mandir , KC Arjun 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Calcaneum fractures constitute about 60% of all tarsal bone fractures. Intra-articularfractures account for 70% of all calcaneal fractures. There are controversies regarding the operativetreatment of calcaneum fractures. Therefore this study aimed to estimate the functional outcomes ofcalcaneum fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at the tertiary care center in thewestern region of Nepal among the patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneum fractures fromFebruary 2017 to July 2020 after approval from the Institutional review committee. Convenientsampling was done to reach the sample size. Fifteen cases were included in the study. Data wererecorded in proforma and Data analysis was done in the statistical package for social sciences. TheAmerican Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Hindfoot score was used to assess the final outcome.
Results: According to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot scores, there werefive excellent (33.33%), seven good (46.66%), two fair (13.33%) and one poor (6.66 %) results.
Conclusions: In displaced intra-articular calcaneum fractures, open reduction and internal fixationwith plates and screws result in a good number of satisfactory outcomes with very few unsatisfactoryresults. Hence it can be a better option of treatment in displaced intra-articular calcaneum fractures.
Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Depression Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Kafle Bikram , Khadka Bikram , Tiwari Mohan Lal 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Patients with thyroid disorders are more prone to develop depressive symptoms and conversely depression may be accompanied by various subtle thyroid abnormalities. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in depression.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute employing a simple random sampling technique during the period of August 2019-January 2020. The research was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute. The protocol approval number is 009/019. Data analysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 23). Results were presented as frequencies and percentages where required.
Results: Among 263 patients with depression, 69 (26.2%) had abnormal thyroid status with most common being subclinical hypothyroidism 32 (12.2%), 13 (4.9%) overt hypothyroidism and 7 (2.7%) overt hyperthyroidism.
Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is high among patients with depression. We recommend to conduct routine thyroid function tests for all the patients with depression.
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among First to Fourth Year Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Roka Kumar , Khadka Sabina , Dahal Sanju , Yadav Meenakshi , Thapa Puja , KC Rubina 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is a significant health problem among medical students worldwide which can impair their cognitive and academic performances. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among the first to fourth year undergraduate students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine.
Methods: Following the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee with registration no. 317, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the first to fourth year medical students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine from 4" to 10" August 2020. Two hundred and thirty-two students were selected for the study using the stratified random sampling technique. Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to obtain data on daytime sleepiness among the study participants. The data were entered into Google spreadsheets and later analyzed. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with the frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: The prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among the first to fourth year undergraduate students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine is found to be 67 (31.02%) at 95% Confidence Interval (24.85-37.19). It was found to be highly prevalent among the fourth year undergraduate medical students 20 (35.09%) and least prevalent among the first year students 13 (26.00%). Excessive Daytime Sleepiness was found to be slightly higher among females 23 (34.85%) than males 44 (29.33%).
Conclusions: Excessive Daytime Sleepinessis highly prevalent among medical students in our study as suggested by various international studies.
Studi Fenomenologi Budaya Perencanaan Keuangan Keluarga Musllim di Sidoarjo dan Surabaya
Authors: Fauzia Ika Yunia 
Published: November 2020

Abstrac:This paper is interested in exploring the phenomenon of planning and management of the Muslim family finances in Sidoarjo and Surabaya. The Muslim families that this paper focuses on are those with high religious commitment judged from their regular attendance to religious rituals and gatherings such as Majlis Taklim and the likes. The towns of Sidoarjo and Surabaya are being chosen to obtain specific findings on the one hand, and to have a better picture of the culture of wealth management among the urban Muslims on the other. The study is qualitative in its methods, and phenomenological in its analysis. Data were extracted from 20 informants, 7 of whom are categorised as lower income, 8 are middle income, and 5 are upper income laborers. One of the findings that this paper comes about is the fact that better understanding to the teachings of religion obtained from religious gatherings does not necessarily make a family better in its financial planning and management. On the other hand, with some exceptions, many informants among the lower classes are capable of managing their household and running their finances well making them better off to prepare their future needs.Â Keywords: Planning, management, Muslim household, familyÂ Abstrak:Fenomena perencanaan dan pengelolaan keuangan rumah tangga keluarga Muslim selalu menarik untuk dibahas, terlebih keluarga dengan intensitas yang tinggi untuk mempelajari agama Islam melalui Majlis Taklim dan kajian-kajian agama lainnya. Penelitian ini membatasi lokasi hanya di Surabaya dan Sidoarjo saja, untuk mendapatkan temuan yang spesifik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatatif, dengan alat analisis fenomenologi. Data digali dari 20 informan, dengan spesifikasi 7 informan dari kategori pendapatan kelas bawah, 8 informan dari kategori pendapatan kelas menengah dan 5 informan dari kategori pendapatan kelas atas. Dari beberapa informan tersebut dihasilkan satu temuan, bahwa semakin tinggi pemahaman keagamaan yang didapatkan dari kajian-kajian agama tidak serta merta menjadikan sebuah keluarga cerdas dalam merencanakan dan mengelola keuangan rumah tangga mereka. Walaupun ada beberapa pengecualian, yaitu terdapat informan di kalangan bawah yang mampu memanaj keuangan rumah tangga mereka dengan baik sehingga mereka bisa mempersiapkan kebutuhan masa depan dengan bijak.Kata Kunci: Perencanaan, pengelolaan, rumah tangga Muslim, keluarga
Operation of Residential Irrigation Controllers
Authors: Dukes Michael D. , Haman Dorota Z. 
Published: November 2020

Automatic landscape irrigation systems have become quite common in Florida in recent years. Electronic irrigation controllers are used to control these systems; however, it is not always obvious how to program these controllers to apply the desired amount of irrigation water. This document is CIR1421, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First published July 2002.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae220
Rice Beetle, Dyscinetus morator (Fab.) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Woodruff Robert E. 
Published: November 2020

he rice beetle, Dyscinetus morator (Fabricius) (Figure 1), is a common beetle in the eastern half of the United States, and it is one of the most ubiquitous species taken in blacklight traps during much of the year. It appears to be only a minor pest, but it is often brought to the homeowner's attention because of the large quantities found around lights. This document is EENY-102, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date July 1999. Reviewed May 2003.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in259
Wasp Parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Sourakov Andrei , Mitchell Everett 
Published: November 2020

This document is EENY-123, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: March 2000.
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in280
MELOTHRIA (CUCURBITACEAE): A NEW GENUS RECORD OF NATURALIZED CUCUMBER IN SUMATRA
Authors: Achmmad Mustaqim Wendy , Fuady Putra Hirmas 
Published: November 2020

Melothria (Cucurbitaceae): A New Genus Record of Naturalized Cucumber in Sumatra. Floribunda 6(5): 183–187. — The first record of a naturalized cucumber genus Melothria (Cucurbitaceae) is presented for Sumatra, represented by one cosmopolitan species Melothria pendula. The species has been found during an exploration in the northern part of the island. A morphological description, distribution map, brief discussions, and photographs are given.
Politik dan Situasi Sosial dalam Sejarah Keroncong di Indonesia
Authors: Zandra Rully Aprilia , Rustopo Rustopo 
Published: November 2020

Keroncong merupakan musik, instrumen musik, dan genre yang diklaim sebagai warisan budaya indonesia. Keroncong sebagai warisan budaya tentunya memiliki sejarah yang panjang.sejarah yang panjang juga tidak akan luput dari pasang surut dan perkembangan. Pasang surut dan perkembangan umumnya dipengaruhi politik dan situasi sosial. Untuk memetakan sejarah keroncong di Indonesia yang diwarnai politik dan situasi sosial, data dikumpulkan melalui dokumentasi, telaah pustaka, dan wawancara. Data valid dikonfirmasi dan dipaparkan secara kronologis berdasar periodesasinya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keroncong bermula dari diseminasi instrumen musik bangsa Portugis yang menjalin hubungan dengan Majapahit. Diseminasi instrumen fado di nusantara mengalami perubahan morfologi dan teknik perlakuan alatnya. Perubahan morfologi dan perlakuan alat ini melahirkan instrumen keroncong atau cukulele. Gaya lirik dibangun oleh kearifan lokal nusantara sesuai demografi dan situasi sosial di masing-masing lokasi penciptaannya. Gaya lirik dan pasang surut popularitas keroncong sebagai kelompok musik didorong dan dihentikan oleh naik turunnya kekuatan politik Portugis, Majapahit, Belanda, Jepang, dan Orde Lama dan Orde Baru. Political and Social Situations in the History of Keroncong in IndonesiaAbstract:Keroncong is music, musical instrument, and the genre that is claimed to be Indonesia's cultural heritage. Keroncong, as a cultural heritage, certainly has a long history. A long history will not escape its ups and downs and developments. Political and social situations generally influence the ups and downs and developments. In order to map the history of keroncong in Indonesia, which is colored by politics and social situations, data is collected through documentation, literature review, and interviews. Valid data are confirmed and presented chronologically based on the periodization. The results of this study indicate that keroncong originated from the dissemination of Portuguese musical instruments, which had a relationship with Majapahit. The dissemination of fado instruments in the archipelago has changed the morphology and treatment techniques of the tools. Changes in the morphology and treatment of this tool gave birth to the keroncong or Cukulele instrument. The local wisdom of the archipelago builds the lyric style according to the demographics and social situations in each location of its creation. The lyric style and the ebb and flow of keroncong's popularity as a musical group was driven and stopped by the ups and downs of the political power of the Portuguese, Majapahit, Dutch, Japanese, and the Old and New Order.