bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic dilemmas of head and neck tuberculosis: our experience and review of literature
Authors: Pavithran Pallavi , S. G. Mahesh 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the study was to highlight the varied and changing presentations of head and neck tuberculosis, discuss the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a 5 years retrospective analysis of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) of the head and neck region. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 43 patients with EPTB were studied. Most had cervical lymphadenopathy (35), 9 had laryngeal, 7 tuberculous otitis media, and one patient each of PNS, oropharyngeal and retropharyngeal involvement. 8 patients had pulmonary TB, 2 had Potts spine, and 5 gave history of previous TB. FNAC was effective in nodal disease, PPD test positive in 20% and HPE was used to make the diagnosis in other types.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> TB is re-emerging as a significant cause of morbidity. Diagnosing EPTB requires high index of suspicion. Cervical lymphadenopathy is the commonest presentation, followed by larynx, and then ear. FNAC is a reliable and convenient way to diagnose lymphadenopathy. Hitopathological examination needed for confirmation, and for other sites. Further investigations are needed to exclude pulmonary or systemic TB. All patients should be categorised into proper category of anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT) and treated according to ATT regimen.</p>
Combination drug therapy for laryngopharyngeal reflex
Authors: Hussain Raj Tajamul , Makhdoomi Owais , Showkat Showkat Ahmad 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> We sought to evaluate the combination of high-dose prebreakfast proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (40 mg pantoprazole) and a bedtime high-dose ranitidine (300 mg) dosing as a surrogate and rational regimen for LPR.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 60 subjects that presented to ENT and HNS OPD with symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) were prospectively evaluated and underwent a comprehensive otolaryngological examination. All subjects were treated sequentially and outcomes recorded using reflux finding score (RFS) and reflux symptom index (RSI). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the cohort was 35±06.51 (age range, 8-55). Mean RSI of all patients was 24.8 before treatment with combination of PPIs and H2 receptor antagonists. Significant change in RSI were observed after the first 8 weeks of therapy and no further significant changes were observed over the next 16 weeks. Mean RFS of the patients was 12 before starting the treatment and there was a significant response in mean RFS at 16 weeks of therapy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> A surrogate high-dose prebreakfast PPI (40 mg pantoprazole) and a bedtime high-dose ranitidine (300 mg) dosing regimen is effective in improving RSI and RFS in majority of cases who present with LPR.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
FDA collaboration to improve safe use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an ex post facto matched control study of targeted short-form messaging and online education served to high prescribers
Authors: Whyte John , Winiecki Scott , Hoffman Christina , Patel Kaushal 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This ex post facto matched control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of targeted short-form messages or continuing medical education (CME) on fluoroquinolone prescribing among high prescribers.
Methods: A total of 11,774 Medscape healthcare provider (HCP) members prescribing high volumes of fluoroquinolones were randomized into three segments to receive one of three unique targeted short-form messages, each delivered via email, web alerts, and mobile alerts. Some HCPs receiving targeted short-form messages also participated in CME on fluoroquinolone prescribing. A fourth segment of HCPs participated in CME only. Test HCPs were matched to third-party-provider prescriber data to identify control HCPs. We used prescriber data to determine new prescription volume; percentage (%) of HCPs with reduced prescribing; new prescription volume for acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS), uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI), and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ABECB-COPD). Open rates for emailed targeted short-form messages were also measured.
Results: Targeted short-form messages and CME each resulted in significant new prescription volume reduction versus control. Combining targeted short-form messages with CME yielded the greatest percentage of test HCPs with reduced prescribing (80.1%) versus controls (76.2%; p<0.0001). New prescription volume decreased significantly for uUTI and ABS following exposure to targeted short-form messages, CME, or both. Targeted short-form messages containing comparative prescribing information with or without clinical context were opened at slightly higher rates (10.8% and 10.6%, respectively) than targeted short-form messages containing clinical context alone (9.1%).
Conclusions: Targeted short-form messages and CME, alone and in combination, are associated with reduced oral fluoroquinolone prescribing among high prescribers.
Resultados de la inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides en hombres con azoospermia no obstructiva: utilidad de la biopsia testicular previa
Authors: Arent Adriana , Teloken Claudio , Hartmann Antonio , Badalotti Mariangela , Pettraco Rafaella , Petracco Alvaro 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: evaluar el resultado de la inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI) en parejas cuyos hombres mostraron azoospermia no obstructiva en conformidad con el hallazgo histológico del testículo.Diseño: estudio retrospectivo con análisis transversal.Materiales y métodos: han sido estudiados los resultados de laboratorio y clínicos en 59 parejas (79 ciclos) sometidas a la ICSI. Los hombres han sido divididos en 3 grupos de acuerdo con el reporte histológico obtenido en biopsia previa a la fertilización (hipoespermatogénesis, detención de la maduración espermática y aplasia de las células germinativas) y los resultados han sido comparados entre los grupos.Resultados: el hallazgo principal fue la hipoespermatogénesis (61%), seguido por la detención de la maduración espermática (22%) y la aplasia de las células germinativas (17%). Los espermatozoides estuvieron presentes en 87,7% y la tasa de fertilización (58,8%) en los casos de hipoespematogenesis fue significativamente más grande (p < 0,001) en comparación con los de detención de la maduración (50 y 40,7%) y con la aplasia de células germinativas (21,4 y 36,8%). La primera división celular tuvo una tendencia superior en los pacientes con hipoespermatogenesis (95,9%) seguido de los pacientes con detención de la maduración (87,5%) y luego los con aplasia de las células germinativas (71,4%) (p = 0,001). La tasa total de embarazo clínico por ciclo iniciado y por transferencia fue de 25,3 y 37,7%, respectivamente.Conclusiones: la biopsia de testículo en hombres con azoospermia previa a la fertilización es una técnica fundamental para una orientación adecuada. Aunque los hombres con hipoespermatogénesis son quienes han obtenido los mejores resultados, es bien posible la obtención de espermatozoides, fertilización y embrazo en los pacientes cuya biopsia no ha evidenciado presencia de espermatozoides.
Exploración sobre los conocimientos del ácido fólico y sus beneficios en la salud reproductiva en una población universitaria colombiana
Authors: Ordoñez Adriana , Suárez Fernando 
Published: April 2020

Objetivos: establecer los conocimientos que un grupo de mujeres universitarias tiene acerca del ácido fólico en relación a la prevención de defectos del tubo neural (DNT) y conocer algunos de los patrones alimentarios relacionados con la ingesta de folatos.Métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal que indagó, a través de una encuesta auto-diligenciada, los conocimientos generales que un grupo de mujeres universitarias tenían sobre el ácido fólico, sus beneficios para la prevención de DNT, consumo diario de ácido fólico, consumo diario de multivitamínicos y patrones de consumo de alimentos ricos en folato.Resultados: de un total de 386 encuestadas, 189 (49%, IC 95% 43,02 – 52,98) habían escuchado o leído alguna información sobre el ácido fólico. Un total de 258 mujeres (66,8%, IC 95% 61,27 – 70,73) no habían oído y/o desconocían los beneficios del ácido fólico en relación a la prevención de DNT. Ninguna de las mujeres encuestadas consumía ácido fólico y un total de 96 mujeres (24,9%, IC 95% 19,74 – 28,26) consumían algún tipo de multivitamínico. Se presentó una menor frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en folato en quienes desconocen la información sobre el ácido fólico.Conclusiones: un importante grupo de mujeres universitarias carece de información sobre el ácido fólico y su relación con la prevención de DNT.
Manejo del factor masculino leve a moderado con L-CARNITINA. Serie de casos
Authors: Mlayes Linda , Vergara Felipe , De la Hoz Luis , Gómez Alfredo , Amaya Irmgard , Vélez María del Carmen , Parra Guido 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: determinar la utilidad de la L-carnitina vía intramuscular de 1 gr como tratamiento para los casos de factor masculino leve a moderado.Materiales y métodos: participaron en el estudio doce sujetos a las cuales se les diagnosticó oligo–asteno-teratozospermia leve a moderada. Se les administró a un grupo L-cartinina a dosis de 1 gr IM cada 4 días por lo menos por 2 meses previo al procedimiento de reproducción asistida al que fueron sometidos junto con sus parejas. Tomamos como control los parámetros espermáticos el día en que se les realizaba el procedimiento.Resultados: en el grupo que utilizó L-carnitina se observó una mejoría significativa al momento de realizar el procedimiento de reproducción asistida en cuanto a los parámetros espermáticos de concentración y en la movilidad, logrando embarazo en un 50%.Conclusión: el uso de L-carnitina incrementa la concentración y la movilidad de los espermatozoides, mejorando la tasa de embarazo.
Utilizing a Life Course Approach to Examine HI V Risk for Black Adolescent Girls and Young Adult Women in the United States: A Systematic Review of Recent Literature
Authors: Taggart Tamara , Milburn Norweeta G. , Nyhan Kate , Ritchwood Tiarney D. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Black female youth have been disproportionately burdened by the HIV epidemic. Emerging literature suggests that individual and social-structural factors may uniquely increase HIV risk within this popu­lation during key developmental periods, namely adolescence (ages 10-17 years) and emerging adulthood (ages 18-25 years). Few studies, however, have compared drivers of risk within and between these key develop­mental periods. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of recent literature to characterize and identify important gaps in our understanding of the individual, psycho­social, and social-structural determinants of HIV risk among Black adolescent girls and emerging adult women.Design: Using a replicable strategy, we searched electronic databases for articles and abstracts published between October 1, 2017 and September 30, 2019 in which the primary focus was on HIV prevention among Black adolescent girls and emerging adults in the United States.Results: In total, 21 studies met the inclu­sion criteria. Most of the studies on Black adolescent girls assessed family functioning, parental monitoring, and parent-adolescent communication as determinants of HIV-related behaviors. However, equivalent studies were lacking for Black emerging adult women. Moreover, few studies as­sessed neighborhood characteristics, social networks, or other community-level factors as determinants of HIV-related behaviors, which are known drivers of HIV disparities.Conclusions: Our findings highlighted several gaps in the literature, including failure to recognize the ethnic and cultural differences among Black women that may contribute to behavioral differences within this population and insufficient acknowledg­ment of the role of HIV protective factors (eg, resilience and community assets). Implications and future directions are discussed. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(2):277-286; doi:10.18865/ed.30.2.277
Do the Same Central Anthropometric Variables that Best Predict Blood Pressure in European Americans also Best Predict Blood Pressure in African Americans?
Authors: Brandon L. Jerome , Proctor Larry D. 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if central anthropometric vari­ables that best estimate blood pressure risks in European Americans also best estimate blood pressure risks in African Americans.Design: The participants were 357 nor­motensive African and European American volunteers with a mean age of 32.6 ± 12.4 years. Participants were evaluated for central adiposity with dual energy X-ray ab­sorptiometry, abdomen and thigh skinfolds, waist and hip circumferences, waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio, body mass index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Descriptive statistics, partial correlations, ANOVA and stepwise regressions were used to analyze the data.Results: Central adiposity anthropometric indices made different contributions to blood pressure in African and European American men and women. When weight was held constant, waist circumference shared stronger partial relationships with blood pressure in African Americans (r = .30 to .47) than in European Americans (r = .11 to .32). Waist circumference in com­bination with other indices was a predictor of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in European American men (P<.05) but only a predictor for diastolic blood pressure in African American men and women (P<.01). Hip circumference was the only predic­tor for systolic blood pressure (P<.01) in African American men and women.Conclusions: Further research on the rela­tive contributions of central anthropometric indices to blood pressure in African and European Americans is warranted. A better understanding of this relationship may help reduce hypertensive morbidity and mortali­ty disparities between African and European Americans. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(2):349-356; doi:10.18865/ed.30.2.349
Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering for Adolescent Scoliosis with Growth Remaining
Authors: Hoernschemeyer Daniel G. , Boeyer Melanie E. , Robertson Madeline E. , Loftis Christopher M. , Worley John R. , Tweedy Nicole M. , Gupta Sumit U. , Duren Dana L. , Holzhauser Christina M. , Ramachandran Venkataraman M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is an early treatment option for progressive scoliosis in pediatric patients, allowing for continued deformity correction during normal growth. We report postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes for patients treated with VBT.

Methods:
This clinical and radiographic retrospective review of 31 consecutive patients included an analysis of preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative details, including the Lenke classification; Cobb angle measurements of the proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and lumbar curves; the sagittal profile; and skeletal maturity. Successful outcomes were defined by a residual curve of ≤30° in skeletally mature patients who did not undergo a posterior spinal fusion (PSF).

Results:
Of the 31 patients treated, 29 met the inclusion criteria, and 2 were lost to follow-up. The mean patient age (and standard deviation) at the time of the surgical procedure was 12.7 ± 1.5 years (range, 10.2 to 16.7 years), with most patients classified as Risser grade 0 or 1 (52%) and Sanders stage 3 (32%). A mean of 7.2 ± 1.4 vertebral levels were instrumented, with a minimum preoperative Cobb angle of 42°. At the latest follow-up, 27 patients had reached skeletal maturity (Sanders stage ≥7) and 20 patients exhibited a curve magnitude ≤30°, for a success rate of 74%. A suspected broken tether occurred at ≥1 level in 14 patients (48%). Two patients underwent PSF and 4 had tether revision. The overall revision rate was 21% (6 of 29).

Conclusions:
This study shows the success and revision rates as well as the impact of a suspected broken tether on the procedural success of VBT. Despite our patient population being slightly more mature at the time of the surgical procedure compared with previous studies, we had a higher success rate and a lower revision rate. A PSF was avoided in 93% of patients, indicating that VBT may be a reliable treatment option for adolescent scoliosis in skeletally immature individuals.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparative Time to Improvement in Nonoperative and Operative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Song Amos , DeClercq Joshua , Ayers Gregory D. , Higgins Laurence D. , Kuhn John E. , Baumgarten Keith M. , Matzkin Elizabeth , Jain Nitin B. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Comparative time to recovery after operative and nonoperative treatment for rotator cuff tears is an important consideration for patients. Hence, we compared the time to achieve clinically meaningful reduction in shoulder pain and function after treatment.

Methods:
From February 2011 to June 2015, a multicenter cohort of patients with rotator cuff tears undergoing operative or nonoperative treatment was recruited. After propensity score weighting, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the time to achieve a minimal clinically important difference (MCID), >30% reduction, and >50% reduction in the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores. (In our analysis, both ASES and SPADI were coded such that a lower number corresponded to a better outcome; thus, the word “reduction” was used to indicate improvement in both ASES and SPADI scores.) A 2-stage test was conducted to detect a difference between the 2 groups.

Results:
In this cohort, 96 patients underwent nonoperative treatment and 73 patients underwent a surgical procedure. The surgical treatment group and the nonoperative treatment group were significantly different with respect to SPADI and ASES scores (p < 0.05). The maximum difference between groups in achievement of the MCID for the SPADI scores was at 3.25 months, favoring the nonoperative treatment group. The probability to achieve the MCID was 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.00 to 0.12) for the surgical treatment group compared with 0.40 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.50) for the nonoperative treatment group. The surgical treatment group had a greater probability of achieving >50% reduction in SPADI scores at 15.49 months (0.20 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.29] for the surgical treatment group compared with 0.04 [95% CI, 0.00 to 0.09] for the nonoperative treatment group). The surgical treatment group had a greater probability of achieving >50% reduction in ASES scores at 24.74 months (0.96 [95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99] for the surgical treatment group compared with 0.66 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.75] for the nonoperative treatment group). The differences for >30% reduction in SPADI and ASES scores and the MCID for ASES scores were not significant.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing nonoperative treatment had significantly better outcomes in the initial follow-up period compared with patients undergoing a surgical procedure, but this trend reversed in the longer term. These data can be used to inform expectations for nonoperative and operative treatments for rotator cuff tears.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Tillage practices and residue management manipulate soil bacterial and fungal assembly and co-occurrence network patterns in maize agroecosystem
Authors: Yang Wei , Guan Yupeng , Zhai Cheng , Du Lin , Wu Yanxiang , Wang Jing , Li Yuhang , Yang Jiayu , He Jinxi , Gu Siyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Evaluating plant residue decline data with KinGUII and TREC: results from case studies involving also non-SFO kinetic models
Authors: Ebeling Markus , Hammel Klaus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Foliage residue decline data are used to refine the risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals foraging in fields treated with plant protection products. For evaluation, current EFSA guidance has a clear focus on single-first order (SFO) kinetic models. However, other kinetic models are well established in other areas of environmental risk evaluations (eg, soil residue assessment), and easy-to-use calculation tools have become available now. We provide case studies with 6 fungicides how such evaluations can be conducted with two of these tools (KinGUII and TREC) that have been developed by Bayer.Results: SFO kinetics provided the best fits only for 12 of 36 residue decline studies conducted in a standardized design under field conditions. Biphasic models (double first order in parallel, hockey stick) were often superior and sometimes more conservative for risk assessment. The additional effort is manageable when using KinGUII and TREC, and appears justified by the more reliable outcome of the evaluations.Conclusions: Further research would be useful to better assess the extent to which non-SFO better fits foliage residue decline, but our study suggests that it may be a significant proportion. Therefore we encourage the use of biphasic models in the regulatory risk assessment for herbivorous birds and mammals, in the ongoing revision of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidance document from 2009.
Are Patients on Oral Anticoagulation Therapy Aware of its Effects? A Cross-sectional Study from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Zahid Ibrahim , Hassan Syed Wajih Ul , Bhurya Nida Sehar , Alam Sheena Nadeem , Shah Bakht Hussain , Fatima Fasiha Bakhtawar , Hasan Choudhary Ahmed , Ahmed Ayesha , Hassan Syed Sabih Ul , Hayat Javeria , Zulfiqar Aqsa , Sheikh Rija , Aziz Momin , Siddiqi Rabbia , Fatima Kaneez , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective:
Oral anticoagulants are one of the most frequently used medications. However, these drugs have a range of side effects including potential life-threatening complications. Little is known regarding the awareness of its side effect profile amongst the patients in Pakistan. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of oral anticoagulant therapy and its side effects among its users.
Results:
The mean age was 48.9 ± 15.2 years. Mean scores of the participants for knowledge regarding oral anticoagulants and knowledge specific to warfarin were 49.9 ± 16.2% and 14.6 ± 16.4% respectively. Most notably, the majority of the patients (65.7%) did not know what side effects to be wary of or how to reduce their occurrence; and most of them were unaware of the interaction between oral anticoagulant drugs and over-the-counter substances such as aspirin, herbal medicines and alcohol. Knowledge of International Normalised Ratio (INR) was extremely poor with more than 75% of the population not being aware of the target INR range during warfarin therapy. Higher level of education was significantly associated with better knowledge scores. On the whole, knowledge of oral anticoagulant therapy and INR monitoring is extremely poor among oral anticoagulant users.