bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive histological investigation of age‐related changes in dermal extracellular matrix and muscle fibers in the upper lip vermilion
Authors: Gomi T. , Imamura T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveFew histological studies have directly examined age‐related changes within the lips, although non‐invasive investigations of such changes are increasing. Therefore, this study aimed to provide histological and molecular data on age‐dependent alterations in the vermilion.MethodsUpper vermilion specimens from 15 female Caucasian cadavers (age range, 27–78 years) were investigated histologically or immunohistochemically.ResultsHistologically, age‐dependent decreases in areas occupied by hyaluronan and collagenous fibres in the dermis of upper vermilion were demonstrated. Elastic fibre content varied widely between individuals. The area occupied by muscle fibres in the orbicularis oris muscle region within the vermilion also correlated negatively with age. Immunohistochemically, signals of four proteins were attenuated in vermilion from older individuals compared with young individuals: procollagen type I, hyaluronan synthase (HAS)1, myosin heavy chain (MYH)2 (a component of fast‐twitch oxidative muscle fibres) and MYH7 (a component of slow‐twitch muscle fibres). In contrast, signals of cell migration inducing hyaluronidase 1 (CEMIP) were intensified in vermilion from older individuals. No marked differences between young and older individuals were seen in procollagen type III, HAS2, HAS3, hyaluronidase (HYAL)1, HYAL2, MYH1 or MYH4.ConclusionAge‐dependent decreases of hyaluronan in the dermis of vermilion were prominent, possibly due to both the decrease in synthesis (HAS1) and the increase in degradation (CEMIP). Furthermore, age‐dependent decreases in collagenous fibres and two types of muscle fibre in the vermilion were also identified histologically. Type I collagen, MYH2 and MYH7 appear to represent the molecules responsible for these respective decrements.
Virtual Reality as a novel educational tool in pre‐clinical paediatric dentistry training: Students’ perceptions
Authors: Zafar Sobia , Lai Yvonne , Sexton Christopher , Siddiqi Allauddin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental students are required to demonstrate competency by pre‐clinical simulated practice before performing invasive clinical procedures on patients. The Moog Simodont® Dental Trainer provides a virtual reality‐based dental simulation environment for training students.AimThis cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study compared students’ perception of the pre‐clinical paediatric dentistry training gained in Simodont® and conventional simulation environment.DesignThe dental students who completed pulpotomies and stainless steel crowns (SSCs) training in Simodont® and conventional pre‐clinical simulation laboratory were invited to complete a questionnaire on their experience in both environments. The percentages for the distribution of responses to statements about training modality were tabulated, and intra‐participant comparisons were used to measure student preference for either Simodont® or conventional simulation training.ResultsOne hundred students completed the survey. Fifty‐one per cent of students agreed that using Simodont® assisted their learning, and 56% felt Simodont® training facilitated their understanding of paediatric dentistry tasks. Generally, participants felt more comfortable with simulation training than Simodont® for both practical exercises. Eighty‐eight per cent of the participants disagreed that Simodont® should replace conventional simulation.ConclusionsThe study suggests that Simodont® could be used as an adjunct in training dental students for pre‐clinical paediatric dentistry restorative exercises.
Multirobot search for a stationary object placed in a known environment with a combination of GRASP and VND
Authors: Kulich Miroslav , Přeučil Libor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of multirobot search for a stationary object in an a priori known environment. Two variants of the problem are studied given the working environment represented by a graph. The first variant is an extension of the traveling deliveryman problem for multiple vehicles, while the second variant is a generalization of the graph search problem. A novel algorithm is presented to solve both problems, which is based on a combination of greedy randomized adaptive search procedure with variable neighborhood descent. A set of experimental evaluations were conducted over the benchmark instances derived from the TSPLIB library. For both problems, the results obtained show that the proposed approach is comparable to state‐of‐the‐art heuristics. Moreover, for problems of a few hundred vertices, the solution times suggest that the approach is suitable for online decision‐making in search and rescue.
Family Identification of Delirium in the Emergency Department in Patients With and Without Dementia: Validity of the Family Confusion Assessment Method (FAM‐CAM)
Authors: Mailhot Tanya , Darling Chad , Ela Jillian , Malyuta Yelena , Inouye Sharon K. , Saczynski Jane 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVETo examine the ability of the family‐rated Family Confusion Assessment Method (FAM‐CAM) to identify delirium in the emergency department (ED) among patients with and without dementia, as compared to the reference‐standard Confusion Assessment Method (CAM).DESIGNValidation study.SETTINGUrban academic ED.PARTICIPANTSDyads of ED patients, aged 70 years and older, and their family caregivers (N = 108 dyads).MEASUREMENTSA trained reference standard interviewer performed a cognitive screen, delirium symptom assessment, and scored the CAM. The caregiver self‐administered the FAM‐CAM. Dementia was assessed using the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and the medical record. For concurrent validity, performance of the FAM‐CAM was compared to the CAM. For predictive validity, clinical outcomes (ED visits, hospitalization, and mortality) over 6 months were compared in FAM‐CAM positive and negative patients, controlling for age, sex, comorbidity, and cognitive status.RESULTSAmong the 108 patients, 30 (28%) were CAM positive for delirium and 58 (54%) presented with dementia. The FAM‐CAM had a specificity of 83% and a negative predictive value of 83%. Most false negatives (n = 9 of 13, 69%) were due to caregivers not identifying the inattention criteria for delirium on the FAM‐CAM. In patients with dementia, sensitivity was higher than in patients without (61% vs 43%). In adjusted models, a hospitalization in the following 6 months was more than three times as likely in FAM‐CAM positive compared to negative patients (odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.2‐9.3).CONCLUSIONSAmong patients with and without dementia, the FAM‐CAM shows qualities that are important in the ED setting for identification of delirium. Using the FAM‐CAM as part of a systematic screening strategy for the ED, in which familiesʼ assessments could supplement healthcare professionalsʼ assessments, is promising. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:983–990, 2020
What can Strategy Learn from the Business Model Approach?
Authors: Bigelow Lyda S. , Barney Jay B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of the business model concept has grown dramatically over the past several years, yet it remains difficult to distinguish the concept from conventional strategy. Despite a lack of consensus on a definition of business model, proponents of the concept assert that it is quite different from strategy. We generate alternative definitions of the business model concept and compare these to the received strategy literature to determine where/if potential theoretical or empirical advances might be likely. We identify opportunities for business model concepts to yield theoretical contributions and highlight why the concept may be so attractive to entrepreneurs and managers.
Diagnosing tooth wear, a new taxonomy based on the revised version of the Tooth Wear Evaluation System (TWES 2.0)
Authors: Wetselaar Peter , Wetselaar‐Glas Miranda J.M. , Katzer Lukasz D. , Ahlers M. Oliver 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the loss of dental hard tissues. Physiological tooth wear is a slow process that normally does not lead to any subjective symptoms. When the condition progresses, it can become pathological, and several signs and symptoms may occur. The Tooth Wear Evaluation System (TWES) was described to implement a systematic diagnostic and management approach. Recently, management guidelines were presented in a European Consensus Statement (ECS) as well.ObjectivesTo evaluate the TWES in practice and to integrate the principles described in the ECS in order to compose a renewed TWES 2.0 and a new taxonomy.MethodsThe TWES and the recommendations of the ECS were used by dental clinicians, in order to test its applicability in practice.ResultsAgreement was reached that the TWES 2.0 will use a stepwise approach, with a straightforward Tooth Wear Screening part and a more detailed Tooth Wear Status part. Also, the assessment of pathology from the ECS is incorporated in the TWES 2.0 (both classification and taxonomy).ConclusionsIn the TWES 2.0 is described that tooth wear is pathological if moderate/severe/extreme tooth wear is present, in combination with one or several described signs and symptoms. Aetiology can be assessed by findings that indicate a chemical and/or a mechanical cause. The taxonomy may help to identify situations in which preventive (restorative) interventions in early stages of tooth wear can be indicated. The reliability and validity of the adapted parts must be proven.
Evaluation of IL‐6 levels and +3954 polymorphism of IL‐1β in burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Campello Camilla Porto , Pellizzer Eduardo Piza , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , Moraes Sandra Lúcia Dantas , Lemos Cleidiel Aparecido Araújo , Muniz Maria Tereza Cartaxo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated IL‐6 salivary levels as well as the +3954 polymorphism of IL‐1β in patients with burning mouth syndrome and healthy individuals, through case‐control studies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. We conducted this research in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. The risk of bias was measured based in the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Researches with a group of patients with burning mouth syndrome and a control group in which the presence of the +3954 polymorphism of IL‐1β and/ or IL‐6 salivary levels through non‐stimulated saliva were evaluated to detect if this interleukin concentrations are increased in patients and if the polymorphism is a risk factor for this syndrome. We identified seven studies with total of 440 participants, 229 patients with burning mouth syndrome and 211 healthy controls, ages 24‐84 years old. The female gender was predominant. Patients in the majority of studies did not present increased levels of IL‐6 and the +3954 polymorphism of IL‐1β is not a risk factor for this syndrome. A few studies researched biomarkers in this pathology and more investigations are required not only to identify salivary levels and the polymorphism evaluated, but also other interleukins and polymorphisms in order to clarify the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome as well as for propose new diagnostic methods and treatments.
Evolution and diversity of axon guidance Robo receptor family genes
Authors: Xu Yi‐Qin , Li Xin , Zhong Yang , Zheng Yu‐Fang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe diversity of axon guidance (AG) receptors reflects gains in complexity of the animal nervous system during evolution. Members of the Roundabout (Robo) family of receptors interact with Slit proteins and play important roles in many developmental processes, including AG and neural crest cell migration. There are four members of the Robo gene family. However, the evolutionary history of Robo family genes remain obscure. We analyzed the distribution of Robo family members in metazoan species ranging in complexity from hydras to humans. We undertook a phylogenetic analysis in metazoans, synteny analysis, and ancestral chromosome mapping in vertebrates, and detected selection pressure and functional divergence among four mammalian Robo paralogs. Based on our analysis, we proposed that the ancestral Robo gene could have undergone a tandem duplication in the vertebrate ancestor; then one round of whole genome duplication events occurred before the divergence of ancestral lamprey and gnathostome, generating four paralogs in early vertebrates. Robo4 paralog underwent segmental loss in the following evolutionary process. Our results showed that Robo3 paralog is under more powerful purifying selection pressure compared with other three paralogs, which could correlate with its unique expression pattern and function. Furthermore, we found four sites under positive selection pressure on the Ig1‐2 domains of Robo4 that might interfere with its binding to Slits ligand. Diverge analysis at the amino acid level showed that Robo4 paralog have relatively greater functional diversifications than other Robo paralogs. This coincides with the fact that Robo4 predominantly functions in vascular endothelial cells but not the nervous system.
The genome of a cave plant, Primulina huaijiensis, provides insights into adaptation to limestone karst habitats
Authors: Feng Chao , Wang Jing , Wu Lingqing , Kong Hanghui , Yang Lihua , Feng Chen , Wang Kai , Rausher Mark , Kang Ming 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Although whole genome duplication (WGD) has been suggested to facilitate adaptive evolution and diversification, the role of specific WGD events in promoting diversification and adaptation in angiosperms remains poorly understood. Primulina, a species‐rich genus with > 180 species associated with limestone karst habitat, constitutes an ideal system for studying the impact of WGD events on speciation and evolutionary adaptation.

We sequenced and assembled a chromosome‐level genome of the cave‐dwelling species P. huaijiensis to study gene family expansion and gene retention following WGDs.

We provide evidence that P. huaijiensis has undergone two WGDs since the γ triplication event shared by all eudicots. In addition to a WGD shared by almost all Lamiales (L event), we identified a lineage‐specific WGD (D event) that occurred in the early Miocene around 20.6–24.2 Myr ago and that is shared by almost the entire subtribe Didymocarpinae. We found that gene retentions following the D event led to gene family proliferation (e.g. WRKYs) that probably facilitated adaptation to the high salinity and drought stress in limestone karst.

Our study highlights the role of lineage‐specific WGD in species diversification and adaptation of plants from special habitats.
De novo indol‐3‐ylmethyl glucosinolate biosynthesis, and not long‐distance transport, contributes to defence of Arabidopsis against powdery mildew
Authors: Hunziker Pascal , Ghareeb Hassan , Wagenknecht Lena , Crocoll Christoph , Halkier Barbara Ann , Lipka Volker , Schulz Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPowdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants and reduces crop yield worldwide. As obligate biotrophs, powdery mildew fungi manipulate living host cells to suppress defence responses and to obtain nutrients. Members of the plant order Brassicales produce indole glucosinolates that effectively protect them from attack by non‐adapted fungi. Indol‐3‐ylmethyl glucosinolate is constitutively produced in the phloem and transported to epidermal cells for storage. Upon attack, indol‐3‐ylmethyl glucosinolate is activated by CYP81F2 to provide broad‐spectrum defence against fungi. How de novo biosynthesis and transport contribute to defence of powdery mildew‐attacked epidermal cells is unknown. Bioassays and glucosinolate analysis demonstrate that GTR glucosinolate transporters are not involved in antifungal defence. Using quantitative live‐cell imaging of fluorophore‐tagged markers, we show that accumulation of the glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes CYP83B1 and SUR1 is induced in epidermal cells attacked by the non‐adapted barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei. By contrast, glucosinolate biosynthesis is attenuated during interaction with the virulent powdery mildew Golovinomyces orontii. Interestingly, SUR1 induction is delayed during the Golovinomyces orontii interaction. We conclude that epidermal de novo synthesis of indol‐3‐ylmethyl glucosinolate contributes to CYP81F2‐mediated broad‐spectrum antifungal resistance and that adapted powdery mildews may target this process.
Root high‐affinity K+ and Cs+ uptake and plant fertility in tomato plants are dependent on the activity of the high‐affinity K+ transporter SlHAK5
Authors: Nieves‐Cordones Manuel , Lara Alberto , Silva Martha , Amo Jesús , Rodriguez‐Sepulveda Pascual , Rivero Rosa M. , Martínez Vicente , Botella M. Angeles , Rubio Francisco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRoot K+ acquisition is a key process for plant growth and development, extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Because important differences may exist among species, translational research supported by specific studies is needed in crops such as tomato. Here we present a reverse genetics study to demonstrate the role of the SlHAK5 K+ transporter in tomato K+ nutrition, Cs+ accumulation and its fertility. slhak5 KO lines, generated by CRISPR‐Cas edition, were characterized in growth experiments, Rb+ and Cs+ uptake tests and root cells K+‐induced plasma membrane depolarizations. Pollen viability and its K+ accumulation capacity were estimated by using the K+‐sensitive dye Ion Potassium Green 4. SlHAK5 is the major system for high‐affinity root K+ uptake required for plant growth at low K+, even in the presence of salinity. It also constitutes a pathway for Cs+ entry in tomato plants with a strong impact on fruit Cs+ accumulation. SlHAK5 also contributes to pollen K+ uptake and viability and its absence produces almost seedless fruits. Knowledge gained into SlHAK5 can serve as a model for other crops with fleshy fruits and it can help to generate tools to develop low Cs+ or seedless fruits crops.
The necessity of antinuclear antibody investigation in pre‐phototherapy vitiligo patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Chaiyabutr Chayada , Wongpraparut Chanisada , Charoenpipatsin Norramon , Pruksaeakanan Chutipon , Silpa‐archa Narumol 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNarrowband UVB (NBUVB) phototherapy is the cornerstone treatment for vitiligo. Before its initiation, some experts recommend antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening out of concern for either photosensitivity to NBUVB or autoimmune disease exacerbation during treatment. As vitiligo is considered an autoimmune disorder, ANAs can be positively found in the disease without any clinical importance. The necessity for ANA investigations for pre‐phototherapy vitiligo patients is therefore questioned.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study to investigate vitiligo patients who had been checked for ANA before commencing NBUVB phototherapy. Demographic data—including vitiligo type and age of onset—were collected. Samples of ANA, anti‐thyroglobulin, and anti‐thyroid peroxidase were obtained. The phototherapy treatment protocol and cutaneous reactions to the phototherapy were also recorded.ResultsAmong 85 Thai vitiligo patients, the ANA prevalence was 35.3%. The speckled ANA pattern was the most common, and the large majority of patients (80%) had a titer of ≤1:100. Factors associated with positive ANA were female gender and positive anti‐thyroglobulin. There were no statistical differences between the phototoxic reactions or phototoxic doses of NBUVB of the ANA‐positive vitiligo and ANA‐negative vitiligo groups. No cases of SLE were detected in ANA‐positive group.ConclusionsANA positivity was not correlated with the incidence or dose of phototoxic reaction in phototherapy treated vitiligo, and it may not a predictive factor for SLE diagnosis in vitiligo. ANA might therefore not need to be routinely checked in pre‐phototherapy in vitiligo, unless there are clinical suspicions of an autoimmune disease. However, ANA might be involved in part of the cutaneous photoadaptation response to phototherapy.
A qualitative study of knowledge, behaviour and attitudes regarding vitamin D acquisition among patients with photosensitivity disorders
Authors: Orekoya Oluwafikunayo , Rhodes Lesley E. , Osman Joanne E. , Webb Ann R. , Farrar Mark D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous exposure to sunlight is a major source of vitamin D. Individuals with photosensitivity disorders have symptoms provoked by sunlight and may not achieve the brief sunlight exposures that convey vitamin D acquisition.ObjectiveTo explore knowledge, behaviour and attitudes towards vitamin D and its acquisition in patients with photosensitivity.MethodsPatients (n = 19) diagnosed with solar urticaria, erythropoietic protoporphyria or polymorphic light eruption at a specialist photoinvestigation centre participated in semi‐structured focus groups to discuss vitamin D knowledge, acquisition behaviours and attitudes towards vitamin D acquisition through sunlight and diet. Discussions were analysed by thematic analysis using MAXQDA11.ResultsKnowledge of vitamin D was variable. There was good awareness that sunlight exposure is an important source but knowledge of dietary sources was poor. Patients had little concern for their own vitamin D status prior to attending the photoinvestigation centre. Most patients avoided sunlight exposure, were unable to achieve the guidance on sun exposure for healthy individuals and were aware this could affect their vitamin D status. Use of oral vitamin D supplements was common, and all were willing to consider supplements if required. Patients recommended improving education of clinicians to increase patient awareness of vitamin D,ConclusionsMore targeted guidance is required on acquisition of vitamin D for patients with photosensitivity, supported by increased patient and clinician education.
Thrombophilia in hemodialysis patients: Transfer to peritoneal dialysis is life saving
Authors: Roumeliotis Athanasios , Vaios Vasilios , Girtovitis Fotios , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Leivaditis Konstantinos , Zebekakis Pantelis , Liakopoulos Vassilios 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe majority of vascular access thrombosis episodes in hemodialysis patients are due to anatomic abnormalities. Thrombophilias are inherited, acquired or mixed disorders which also predispose to venous thromboembolism. They include protein C, protein S and antithrombin deficiencies, as well as gene mutations for prothrombin and factor V Leiden. The most important of the mixed cases is hyperhomocysteinemia, which includes both a genetic and an acquired substrate. We report two patients undergoing hemodialysis who suffered from multiple thrombotic events, the first due to factor V Leiden heterozygosity and the second because of hyperhomocysteinemia due to homozygosity for MTHFR C677T mutation. As no site for vascular access was left, transfer to peritoneal dialysis for both patients improved solute clearance and quality of life with no additional thrombotic events noted.