bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Epistemic Argument for an Egalitarian Public Sphere
Authors: Bennett Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe public sphere should be regulated so the distribution of political speech does not correlate with the distribution of income or wealth. A public sphere where people can fund any political speech from their private holdings is epistemically defective. The argument has four steps. First, if political speech is unregulated, the rich predictably contribute a disproportionate share. Second, wealth tends to correlate with substantive political perspectives. Third, greater quantities of speech by the rich can “drown out” the speech of the poor, because of citizens’ limited attention span for politics. Finally, the normative problem with all this is that it reduces the diversity of arguments and evidence citizens become familiar with, reducing the quality of their political knowledge. The clearest implication of the argument is in favour of strict contribution limits and/or public funding for formal political campaigns, but it also has implications for more informal aspects of the public sphere.
Cercarial trematodes in freshwater snails from Bangkok, Thailand: prevalence, morphological and molecular studies and human parasite perspective
Authors: Wiroonpan Pichit , Chontananarth Thapana , Purivirojkul Watchariya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence, morphological characters and molecular classifications of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails randomly collected from 59 sampling localities in Bangkok from May 2018 to March 2019. We used a crushing technique to observe the cercarial stage inside each snail body and amplified the internal transcribed spacer 2 regions of cercarial DNA using polymerase chain reaction methodology. The associated phylogenetic tree was reconstructed using Bayesian inference analyses. A total of 517 of 15 621 examined snails were infected with trematode cercariae, and the infected snails were classified into 11 species of seven families with a 3.31% overall prevalence of the infection. The Bithynia siamensis siamensis snail displayed the highest prevalence of infection (16.16%), whereas the Physella acuta snail exhibited the lowest prevalence (0.08%) of infection. Eight morphological types of cercariae were observed. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in mutabile cercaria (1.86%). Based on molecular investigations, the phylogram revealed eight cercaria types assigned to at least nine digenean trematode families, of which five belong to groups of human intestinal flukes. Although, with the exception of schistosome cercaria, trematode cercariae are not known to directly damage humans, understanding the general biology of trematode cercariae (including diversity, distribution, infection rates and host range) is important and necessary for the prevention and control of parasitic transmission that impacts aquatic cultivations, livestock farming and human health.
Eimeria bovis infections induce G1 cell cycle arrest and a senescence-like phenotype in endothelial host cells
Authors: Velásquez Zahady D. , López-Osorio Sara , Waiger Daniel , Manosalva Carolina , Pervizaj-Oruqaj Learta , Herold Susanne , Hermosilla Carlos , Taubert Anja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApicomplexan parasites are well-known to modulate their host cells at diverse functional levels. As such, apicomplexan-induced alteration of host cellular cell cycle was described and appeared dependent on both, parasite species and host cell type. As a striking evidence of species-specific reactions, we here show that Eimeria bovis drives primary bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (BUVECs) into a senescence-like phenotype during merogony I. In line with senescence characteristics, E. bovis induces a phenotypic change in host cell nuclei being characterized by nucleolar fusion and heterochromatin-enriched peripheries. By fibrillarin staining we confirm nucleoli sizes to be increased and their number per nucleus to be reduced in E. bovis-infected BUVECs. Additionally, nuclei of E. bovis-infected BUVECs showed enhanced signals for HH3K9me2 as heterochromatin marker thereby indicating an infection-induced change in heterochromatin transition. Furthermore, E. bovis-infected BUVECs show an enhanced β-galactosidase activity, which is a well-known marker of senescence. Referring to cell cycle progression, protein abundance profiles in E. bovis-infected endothelial cells revealed an up-regulation of cyclin E1 thereby indicating a cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition, signifying a senescence key feature. Similarly, abundance of G2 phase-specific cyclin B1 was found to be downregulated at the late phase of macromeront formation. Overall, these data indicate that the slow proliferative intracellular parasite E. bovis drives its host endothelial cells in a senescence-like status. So far, it remains to be elucidated whether this phenomenon indeed reflects an intentionally induced mechanism to profit from host cell-derived energy and metabolites present in a non-dividing cellular status.
A CLOSER LOOK AT GRIT AND LANGUAGE MINDSET AS PREDICTORS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Khajavy Gholam Hassan , MacIntyre Peter D. , Hariri Jamal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLearning a second/foreign language (L2) is a long process and L2 learners certainly will encounter setbacks and discouragements during this process. However, their reactions to these failures might be different based on their perceptions of L2 learning ability and their subsequent effort put into L2 learning. Based on this, the present study aimed at exploring two underresearched constructs within the field of applied linguistics, namely grit (continuous effort and interest for long-term goals) and language mindset (individuals’ perceptions of their language learning ability). We had five main aims: to examine (a) the factor structure of grit, (b) the factor structure of language mindset, (c) whether there are gender differences in grit or language mindset, (d) the relationships between language mindset and grittiness, and (e) the roles of grit and language mindset as predictors of L2 achievement. To address these aims, a total number of 1,178 university students who were taking general English courses took part in our study and completed the questionnaires. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor structure for both grit and language mindset fit the data better than the single-factor structure. We also tested several structural equation models and found that a growth language mindset weakly, but positively, predicted one component of grit (perseverance of effort, or POE), but not the other (consistency of interest, or COI). A fixed language mindset did not predict POE, but did negatively predict COI. Finally, only growth language mindset was a weak, positive predictor of L2 achievement. At the end, theoretical and pedagogical implications regarding the role of grit and language mindset in L2 learning are presented.
Toward a cyber-physical manufacturing metrology model for industry 4.0
Authors: Stojadinovic Slavenko M. , Majstorovic Vidosav D. , Durakbasa Numan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIndustry 4.0 represents high-level methodologies for the development of new generation manufacturing metrology systems, which are more intelligent (smart), autonomous, flexible, high-productive, and self-adaptable. One of the systems capable of responding to these challenges is a cyber-physical manufacturing metrology system (CP2MS) with techniques of artificial intelligence (AI). In general, CP2MS systems generate Big data, horizontally by integration [coordinate measuring machines (CMMs)] and vertically by control. This paper presents a cyber-physical manufacturing metrology model (CP3M) for Industry 4.0 developed by applying AI techniques such as engineering ontology (EO), ant-colony optimization (ACO), and genetic algorithms (GAs). Particularly, the CP3M presents an intelligent approach of probe configuration and setup planning for inspection of prismatic measurement parts (PMPs) on a CMM. A set of possible PMP setups and probe configurations is reduced to optimal number using developed GA-based methodology. The major novelty is the development of a new CP3M capable of responding to the requirements of an Industry 4.0 concept such as intelligent, autonomous, and productive measuring systems. As such, they respond to one smart metrology requirement within the framework of Industry 4.0, referring to the optimal number of PMPs setups and for each setup defines the configurations of probes. The main contribution of the model is productivity increase of the measuring process through the reduction of the total measurement time, as well as the elimination of errors due to the human factor through intelligent planning of probe configuration and part setup. The experiment was successfully performed using a PMP specially designed and manufactured for the purpose.
Habitat modelling locates nesting areas of the Endangered Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata on Hispaniola and identifies habitat loss
Authors: SATGÉ YVAN G. , RUPP ERNST , BROWN ADAM , JODICE PATRICK G. R. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe Black-capped Petrel or Diablotin Pterodroma hasitata has a fragmented and declining population estimated at c.1,000 breeding pairs. On land, the species nests underground in steep ravines with dense understorey vegetation. The only confirmed breeding sites are located in the mountain ranges of Hispaniola in the Caribbean, where habitat loss and degradation are continuing threats. Other nesting populations may still remain undiscovered but, to locate them, laborious in situ nest searches must be conducted over expansive geographical areas. To focus nest-search efforts more efficiently, we analysed the environmental characteristics of Black-capped Petrel nesting habitat and modeled suitable habitat on Hispaniola using openly available environmental datasets. We used a univariate generalized linear model to compare the habitat characteristics of active Black-capped Petrel nests sites with those of potentially available sites (i.e. random pseudo-absences). Elevation, distance to coast, and the influence of tree cover and density emerged as important environmental variables. We then applied multivariate generalized linear models to these environmental variables that showed a significant relationship with petrel nesting activity. We used the top performing model of habitat suitability model to create maps of predicted suitability for Hispaniola. In addition to areas of known petrel activity, the model identified possible nesting areas for Black-capped Petrels in habitats not previously considered suitable. Based on model results, we estimated the total area of predicted suitable nesting habitat for Black-capped Petrels on Hispaniola and found that forest loss due to hurricanes, forest fires, and encroachment from agriculture had severely decreased availability of predicted suitable habitat between 2000 and 2018.
An unusual case of a solitary cardiac myofibroma causing severe right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in an infant
Authors: Minocha Prashant K. , Chen Fei , Maleszewski Joseph J. , Ludomirsky Achiau , Mosca Ralph , Kumar T. K. Susheel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCardiac tumours are relatively uncommon, particularly in children. Myofibroma is an extremely rare variety of cardiac tumour, which nearly always arises in the context of infantile myofibromatosis. Herein, we present a case of a solitary cardiac myofibroma causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a 2-month-old male infant.
Food insecurity among people who inject drugs in Athens, Greece: a study in the context of ARISTOTLE programme
Authors: Sypsa Vana , Flounzi Eleni , Roussos Sotirios , Hatzakis Angelos , Benetou Vassiliki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To measure the prevalence of food insecurity and explore related characteristics and behaviours among people who inject drugs (PWID).Design:Cross-sectional analysis of a community-based programme for HIV infection among PWID (ARISTOTLE programme). Food insecurity was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Computer-assisted interviews and blood samples were also collected.Setting:A fixed location in Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece, during 2012–2013.Participants:In total, 2834 unique participants with history of injecting drug use in the past 12 months were recruited over four respondent-driven sampling rounds (approximately 1400/round).Results:More than 50 % of PWID were severely or moderately food insecure across all rounds. PWID were more likely to be severely food insecure if they were older than 40 years [adjusted OR (aOR): 1·71, 95 % CI: 1·33–2·19], were women (aOR: 1·49, 95 % CI: 1·17–1·89), from Middle East countries (aOR v. from Greece: 1·80, 95 % CI: 1·04–3·11), had a lower educational level (primary or secondary school v. higher education; aOR: 1·54, 95 % CI: 1·29–1·84), had no current health insurance (aOR: 1·45, 95 % CI: 1·21–1·73), were homeless (aOR: 17·1, 95 % CI: 12·3–23·8) or were living with another drug user (aOR: 1·55, 95 % CI: 1·26–1·91) as compared with those living alone or with family/friends. HIV-infected PWID were more likely to be severely food insecure compared with uninfected (59·0 % v. 51·0 %, respectively, P = 0·002); however, this difference was attributed to the confounding effect of homelessness.Conclusions:Moderate/severe food insecurity was a significant problem, reaching > 50 % in this sample of PWID and closely related to socio-demographic characteristics and especially homelessness.
Deep learning-enabled triboelectric smart socks for IoT-based gait analysis and VR applications
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , He Tianyiyi , Zhu Minglu , Sun Zhongda , Shi Qiongfeng , Zhu Jianxiong , Dong Bowei , Yuce Mehmet Rasit , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe era of artificial intelligence and internet of things is rapidly developed by recent advances in wearable electronics. Gait reveals sensory information in daily life containing personal information, regarding identification and healthcare. Current wearable electronics of gait analysis are mainly limited by high fabrication cost, operation energy consumption, or inferior analysis methods, which barely involve machine learning or implement nonoptimal models that require massive datasets for training. Herein, we developed low-cost triboelectric intelligent socks for harvesting waste energy from low-frequency body motions to transmit wireless sensory data. The sock equipped with self-powered functionality also can be used as wearable sensors to deliver information, regarding the identity, health status, and activity of the users. To further address the issue of ineffective analysis methods, an optimized deep learning model with an end-to-end structure on the socks signals for the gait analysis is proposed, which produces a 93.54% identification accuracy of 13 participants and detects five different human activities with 96.67% accuracy. Toward practical application, we map the physical signals collected through the socks in the virtual space to establish a digital human system for sports monitoring, healthcare, identification, and future smart home applications.
SynergyAge, a curated database for synergistic and antagonistic interactions of longevity-associated genes
Authors: Bunu Gabriela , Toren Dmitri , Ion Catalin-Florentin , Barardo Diogo , Sârghie Larisa , Grigore Laurentiu Gabriel , de Magalhães João Pedro , Fraifeld Vadim E. , Tacutu Robi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInterventional studies on genetic modulators of longevity have significantly changed gerontology. While available lifespan data are continually accumulating, further understanding of the aging process is still limited by the poor understanding of epistasis and of the non-linear interactions between multiple longevity-associated genes. Unfortunately, based on observations so far, there is no simple method to predict the cumulative impact of genes on lifespan. As a step towards applying predictive methods, but also to provide information for a guided design of epistasis lifespan experiments, we developed SynergyAge - a database containing genetic and lifespan data for animal models obtained through multiple longevity-modulating interventions. The studies included in SynergyAge focus on the lifespan of animal strains which are modified by at least two genetic interventions, with single gene mutants included as reference. SynergyAge, which is publicly available at www.synergyage.info, provides an easy to use web-platform for browsing, searching and filtering through the data, as well as a network-based interactive module for visualization and analysis.
Genome-wide identification of accessible chromatin regions in bumblebee by ATAC-seq
Authors: Zhao Xiaomeng , Su Long , Xu Weilin , Schaack Sarah , Sun Cheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important pollinating insects that play pivotal roles in crop production and natural ecosystem services. Although protein-coding genes in bumblebees have been extensively annotated, regulatory sequences of the genome, such as promoters and enhancers, have been poorly annotated. To achieve a comprehensive profile of accessible chromatin regions and provide clues for all possible regulatory elements in the bumblebee genome, we performed ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing) on Bombus terrestris samples derived from four developmental stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult, respectively. The ATAC-seq reads were mapped to the B. terrestris reference genome, and its accessible chromatin regions were identified and characterized using bioinformatic methods. We identified 36,390 chromatin accessible regions in total, including both shared and stage-specific chromatin accessible signals. Our study will provide an important resource, not only for uncovering regulatory elements in the bumblebee genome, but also for expanding our understanding of bumblebee biology throughout development.
Mesoscopic 3D imaging of pancreatic cancer and Langerhans islets based on tissue autofluorescence
Authors: Hahn Max , Nord Christoffer , Franklin Oskar , Alanentalo Tomas , Mettävainio Martin Isaksson , Morini Federico , Eriksson Maria , Korsgren Olle , Sund Malin , Ahlgren Ulf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe possibility to assess pancreatic anatomy with microscopic resolution in three dimensions (3D) would significantly add to pathological analyses of disease processes. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a bleak prognosis with over 90% of the patients dying within 5 years after diagnosis. Cure can be achieved by surgical resection, but the efficiency remains drearily low. Here we demonstrate a method that without prior immunohistochemical labelling provides insight into the 3D microenvironment and spread of PDAC and premalignant cysts in intact surgical biopsies. The method is based solely on the autofluorescent properties of the investigated tissues using optical projection tomography and/or light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. It does not interfere with subsequent histopathological analysis and may facilitate identification of tumor-free resection margins within hours. We further demonstrate how the developed approach can be used to assess individual volumes and numbers of the islets of Langerhans in unprecedently large biopsies of human pancreatic tissue, thus providing a new means by which remaining islet mass may be assessed in settings of diabetes. Generally, the method may provide a fast approach to provide new anatomical insight into pancreatic pathophysiology.
The spectral sensitivity of Drosophila photoreceptors
Authors: Sharkey Camilla R. , Blanco Jorge , Leibowitz Maya M. , Pinto-Benito Daniel , Wardill Trevor J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrosophila melanogasterhas long been a popular model insect species, due in large part to the availability of genetic tools and is fast becoming the model for insect colour vision. Key to understanding colour reception inDrosophilais in-depth knowledge of spectral inputs and downstream neural processing. While recent studies have sparked renewed interest in colour processing inDrosophila, photoreceptor spectral sensitivity measurements have yet to be carried out in vivo. We have fully characterised the spectral input to the motion and colour vision pathways, and directly measured the effects of spectral modulating factors, screening pigment density and carotenoid-based ocular pigments. All receptor sensitivities had significant shifts in spectral sensitivity compared to previous measurements. Notably, the spectral range of the Rh6 visual pigment is substantially broadened and its peak sensitivity is shifted by 92 nm from 508 to 600 nm. We show that this deviation can be explained by transmission of long wavelengths through the red screening pigment and by the presence of the blue-absorbing filter in the R7y receptors. Further, we tested direct interactions between inner and outer photoreceptors using selective recovery of activity in photoreceptor pairs.
Constraints on the jumping and prey-capture abilities of ant-mimicking spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Myrmarachne)
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshiaki , Endo Tomoji , Yamasaki Takeshi , Hyodo Fujio , Itioka Takao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccurate morphological ant mimicry by Myrmarachne jumping spiders confers strong protective benefits against predators. However, it has been hypothesized that the slender and constricted ant-like appearance imposes costs on the hunting ability because their jumping power to capture prey is obtained from hydraulic pressure in their bodies. This hypothesis remains to be sufficiently investigated. We compared the jumping and prey-capture abilities of seven Myrmarachne species and non-myrmecomorphic salticids collected from tropical forests in Malaysian Borneo and northeastern Thailand. We found that the mimics had significantly reduced abilities compared with the non-mimics. The analysis using geometric morphometric techniques revealed that the reduced abilities were strongly associated with the morphological traits for ant mimicry and relatively lower abilities were found in Myrmarachne species with a more narrowed form. These results support the hypothesis that the jumping ability to capture prey is constrained by the morphological mimicry and provide a new insight into understanding the evolutionary costs of accurate mimicry.
Magnetic core-modified silver nanoparticles for ibuprofen removal: an emerging pollutant in waters
Authors: Vicente-Martínez Yesica , Caravaca Manuel , Soto-Meca Antonio , Solana-González Rubén 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work we present a novel procedure for ibuprofen adsorption from waters employing magnetic core-modified silver nanoparticles. We demonstrate that 93% adsorption of ibuprofen is achieved in 45 min by means of a simple method, for neutral pH and room temperature, also using a low dose of adsorbent, equal to 7 mg in 500 µL of suspension. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was carried out by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, BET analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It is worth pointing out that ibuprofen can be desorbed and the adsorbent can be reused, remaining unaltered for the first three cycles, and showing 89.3% adsorption efficiency after the third regeneration. A three-parameter model and the Langmuir isotherm characterize the kinetics and isotherm of adsorption.