bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corruption in the field of international and Russian sport
Authors: Pavlinov Andrey 
Published: June 2020

The article is a response to the current scientific research of Professor S. V. Maksimov, dedicated to the problems of corruption in the field of international sports. Analyzing the conceptual apparatus, such categories as "sports competition", "organizer of sports competition", exploring the range of unofficial and official international sports events, the status of the organizers of international official sports competitions and paying attention to corruption factors in the activities of the International Olympic Committee, S. V. Maksimov, limited by the scope of his work, is forced to ignore the activities of international sports federations and national Olympic committees.
The author fills this gap by analyzing the activities of the Russian Olympic Committee, the International swimming Federation, and the all-Russian swimming Federation. Supporting the thesis of S. V. Maksimov that athletes are the "weak side" of the Olympic movement, whose rights and legitimate interests are not properly guaranteed, the author identified the problems of mass sports in Russia, the difficulties of material and technical support for sports teams, the lack of funding for swimmers in the regions, the lack of sports schools and sports pools, flaws in the legislative regulation of assigning sports categories. Such problems are partly caused by corruption in Russian sports and generate injustice.
The author agrees with S. V. Maksimov position that it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive UN Convention on sport and improve anti-corruption criminal law bans in the criminal code of the Russian Federation. It also seems appropriate to adopt the principles and provisions of the new Code of ethics of the International Olympic Committee, adopted in 2017, at the national and regional level.
Potensi Khamir Kluyveromyces lactis dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Susu Fermentasi yang Ditambah Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn)
Authors: Ayuti Siti Rani , Yurliasni Yurliasni , Novita Cut Intan , Mariana Elmy 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatan kualitas produk susu fermentasi dengan menggunakan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis dan penambahan jagung manis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 2 level, yaitu faktor penambahan jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn) (A) terdiri atas 25% (a1) dan 75% (a2), dan faktor penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis (B) terdiri atas 0.5% (b1) dan 1% (b2), dengan lima kali ulangan pada masing-masing perlakuan sehingga memperoleh 20 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati antara lain adalah kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar asam laktat dan derajat keasaman (pH). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap kadar protein, lemak, kadar asam laktat dan derajat keasaman (pH). Sementara penambahan jagung manis tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap kadar protein dan derajat keasaman (pH), namun berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0.01) terhadap kadar lemak dan kadar asam laktat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis 1% dan jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn) 75% pada produk susu fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas produk susu. (Potential of yeast-Kluyveromyces lactis in improving quality of fermented milk added sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn)) ABSTRACT. The aims of this research were to determine the quality improvement of fermented milk products using Kluyveromyces lactis and the addition of sweet corn. This study used factorial experiment conducted with completely randomized design (CRD) which divide into 2 factors and 2 levels, there were the addition of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn) factors (A) consist of 25% (a1) and 75% (a2), and the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis factors (B) consist of 0.5% (b1) and 1% (b2), with five replications on each treatment to obtain 20 units of experiment. The observed parameters such as protein levels, fat levels, lactic acid levels and acidity degree (pH). Research data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and continued by Duncan's tests. The results showed that the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis had no significant effect (P 0.05) on protein levels, fat levels, lactic acid levels and acidity degree (pH). While the addition of sweet corn had no significant effect (P 0.05) on protein levels and acidity degree (pH), but it had a very significant effects (P 0.01) on fat levels and lactic acid levels. The results indicate the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis 1% and sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn) 75% in fermented milk products can improve the quality of dairy products.
Teknologi Ameliorasi dan Pemupukan Tanah Suboptimal serta Hubungannya dengan Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Padi Galur Sikuneng
Authors: Agustin Selly Nara , Zuraida Zuraida , Muyasiir Muyassir 
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Tanah suboptimal adalah tanah yang kehilangan kemampuannya untuk mendukung kegiatan fisiologis tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bahan amelioran dan dosis pupuk yang tepat sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan padi galur sikuneng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dimana perlakuan disusun dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Faktor pertama bahan Amelioran yaitu Gipsum, Biochar dan PIM-organik dan faktor kedua dosis pupuk Urea,SP36 dan KCl. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah amelioran PIM-organik dapat meningkatkan pH dan pertumbuhan padi galur sikuneng sedangkan perlakuan pupuk N:P:K 225:150:150 kg ha-1 dapat meningkatkan K-dd tanah suboptimal dan pertumbuhan padi galur sikuneng, serta terdapat interaksi amelioran dan pemupukan dalam meningkatkan P-tersedia dan jumlah anakan padi tersebut.Restoration Technology and Sub-Optimal Soil Fertilization and Its Relationship with Soil Chemical Properties and Growth of Sikuneng Strain RiceAbstract. The suboptimal land is a land that has lost its ability to support plant physiological activity. The study was to find proper auditing materials and fertilizers of soil chemicals and the growth of rice strains. The study USES experimental methods where treatment is structured in random design groups factorial patterns and repeated as much as much as 3 times. The first factor of internal amelia, biochar and pim-organic and the second dose of urea, SP36 and KCl. While study result have been derived that the organic pim watch can improve pH and growth of resistant rice while the fertilizer treatment N:P:K 225:150:150 kg ha-1 of can enhance the K-dd soil of suboptimal and that there is feedback interactions and fertilization in enhancing the P-available amount of rice.
NEW PATHWAYS IN CHEMISTRY
Authors: Prabhu Dr D V 
Published: May 2020

Chemistry is a science whose progress is exponential as it touches every aspect of our existence and provides all the things required for life to survive on this planet. Chemistry is rightly called the Science of Life.
Chemical processes provide food, clothing, shelter medicines, and energy to sustain life. Feeding the ever-increasing population is a big challenge calling for increased production of crops, minimizing losses during their harvesting and storage and use of new, improved varieties like Genetically modified (GM) food grains and pulses.
The use of fertilizers has increased manifold over the years, leading to an increase in the production of food. Clothing is made from plant fibres like cotton and silk. New and better varieties of cotton have been developed. Nylon, produced by the polymer industry is also a critical clothing material in some parts of the world. New materials like composites, fly ash bricks, and polymeric wastes are being increasingly used for construction purposes, especially for housing and roads.
Research for the synthesis of new drugs to combat diseases is a continuous activity, and the pharmaceutical industry has a considerable investment, especially in our country. Indigenous medicine systems like Ayurveda, Homoeopathy and Unani are also contributing to health welfare, especially in India. Of late, nanomedicines are emerging as an essential area of medicine.
Non-conventional energy sources like solar, nuclear, hydro, biodiesel and wind energy are being increasingly tapped as possible substitutes for the fast depleting coal and oil reserves. The International Solar Alliance, initiated by India, aims at forging a strong partnership between all nations to tap and use solar energy.
A note on the Dutch disease
Authors: Heijman Wim 
Published: May 2020

Many resource rich countries are poor, where many resource poor countries are rich. One of the possible explanations of this paradox called the ‘resource curse’ is the Dutch Disease. This paper aims to analyse this phenomenon with the help of a simple macroeconomic trade model. It presents a number of Dutch Disease Cases of which the ‘Norwegian Case’ provides an example containing an effective policy against the negative impact of Dutch Disease on the national economy.
JEL Classification: O11, O24, Q33
Evaluation of crop and irrigation water requirements for some selected crops in Apulia region -Southern Italy
Authors: Alobid Mohannad , Szűcs István 
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, nearly 90% of global water consumption is caused by irrigation activities, and more than 40% of the crops are produced under irrigated conditions. This study is an endeavour to estimate the irrigation water requirement (IWR) and crop water requirement (CWR) for some selected crops (Pepper, Eggplant, Potato, Soybean, Maize, Wheat Melon, Lettuce, Sunflower, Broadbean, Citrus, Cherry, Olive tree, Sugarbeet, Artichoke, Wine Grapes, Carrot...etc.) in Sothern Italy. The selected districts (Sant’ Arcangelo) have been taken as a case study area. Demanded meteorologically (rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours) and crop data (crop coefficient and crop calendar) have been collected for 30 years period from 1981 to 2011. FAO CROPWATv8.0 software has been applied for requisite calculation of CWR and IWR along with the developing of cropping patterns. The FAO Penman-Monteith equation is used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) by using meteorological data in the framework of CROPWAT model as it regarded as a good evaluator for a wide variety of climatic conditions. The analysis indicates that FAO Penman-Monteith suits very well for the study area and can be successfully used for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration. The important results in this study indicate that the IWR is very low from November to April (wintertime) due to higher rainfall intensity in these months and from month May to October a considerable amount of water is required for irrigation.
JEL Classification: Q25, Q24,Q10
How to improve the performance of agriculture in Mongolia by ICT
Authors: Takahashi Yukitsugu , Dooliokhuu Munkhtuya , Ito Atsushi , Murata Kazuki 
Published: May 2020

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors for the Mongolian economy. Also, self-sufficient food is a significant target that has a vital role in the food safety of people in Mongolia. But due to climate change, not proper management, and lack of technology, the Mongolian agricultural sector is facing several issues. So this article aims to find some potential solutions to improve this situation, especially for the crop production sector in Mongolia. To define the current situation of Mongolian agriculture, we used statistical data and reports and recent scientific articles as well as online sources. The current situation of Mongolian agriculture is defined using SWOT analysis reported by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry of Mongolia. Based on this research, we discuss the possibility of using a drone to improve the performance of agriculture in Mongolia. As a result, a drone is effective in enhancing the performance of agriculture performed by householders. Also, two effective models that are based on ICTs to address soil erosion and harvest losses issues in Mongolia are defined in this article.
JEL Classification: Q16
Determinants of credit access of cocoa farmers
Authors: Oppong Mensah Nicholas , Yeboah Edward , Donkor Anthony , Osei Tutu Frank , Kaanye Dier Richard 
Published: May 2020

Access to credit is one of the critical areas that are of prime interest to development practitioners, agribusiness entrepreneurs and agricultural economists, mainly access to credit by farmers in order to increase their production and also reduce poverty. This study sought to analyze the determinants of credit access among cocoa farmers in the Asunafo North of the Ahafo Region of Ghana. The multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 100 cocoa farmers with the aid of a questionnaire. Sources of credit, factors influencing access to credit, and constraints to credit were analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance respectively. The results of multiple linear regression revealed that, age, marital status, education, experience, and family size were significant factors that influenced access to credit. The constraints analysis with the aid of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance showed that, high interest rate was highly ranked with a mean score of 1.93 whilst the need for a guarantor was least ranked with a mean score of 7.40. Based on the results, the study recommended that a policy aimed at expanding formal and semi-formal financial institutions credit portfolio to embrace cocoa farmers by finding alternative to collaterals and also reducing the interest rate will improve credit access with a positive externality effect of poverty reduction among cocoa farmers in the study area.
JEL Classification: Q14
Peningkatan Kompetensi Spasial melalui Pembuatan Peta bagi Guru Geografi SMA di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Anggriani Parida , Adyatma Sidharta , Rahman Akhmad Munaya , Saputra Aswin Nur 
Published: June 2020

Rendahnya kompetensi spasial guru Geografi disebabkan karena kurangnya pemahaman guru dalam hal konsep data spasial dan penyajiannya yang sesuai dengan kaidah kartografis. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman dan pemahaman kaidah kartografis serta pendalaman konsep menggunakan aplikasi ArcGIS dalam pembelajaran materi kartografis yang ada di kelas XII jenjang SMA sederajat. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah guru-guru Geografi SMA sederajat di Kota Banjarmasin yang tergabung dalam kegiatan Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) Geografi. Pendidikan. Pelatihan ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi disertai tanya jawab. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan ini secara keseluruhan dapat dikatakan baik yang dilihat dari ketercapaian target peserta pelatihan, ketercapaian tujuan pelatihan, ketercapaian target materi yang direncanakan, dan kemampuan peserta dalam penguasaan materi. The low spatial competence of Geography teachers is due to the lack of understanding of teachers in terms of spatial data concepts and their presentation following cartographic rules. This activity aims to provide experience and knowledge of cartographic principles and the deepening of concepts using ArcGIS in learning cartographic material in class XII at the high school. This activity target is high school geography teachers in Banjarmasin, members of the Teachers of Geography Subject Meeting (MGMP). This training was conducted using lecture and demonstration methods accompanied by questions and answers. The results of this training activity can be said both as seen from the achievement of the training participants 'targets, the achievement of training objectives, the achievement of planned material targets, and the participants' ability to master the material.
Premature Mortality of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Iran: Trends and Projections for 2001–2030
Authors: Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Farzadfar Farshad , Yoosefi Moein , Mansori Kamyar , Shadman Reza Khosravi , Haghdoost Ali Akbar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the trend and projection of premature mortality from gastrointestinal cancers (GI) at national and subnational levels in Iran.Methods: According to the data gathered through Iranian Death Registry System (DRS) and population data from census, mortality rate was calculated among 30-70 age group. The trends of premature mortality of esophageal, colon and rectum, gallbladder, pancreases, stomach, and liver cancers were estimated and projected at the national and subnational levels from 2001 to 2030. Spatio-temporal model was used to project spatial and temporal correlations. Results: The mortality rate of GI cancers in males was higher than females, indicating 6.1, 3.9 and 3.9 percent per 100000 in 2001, 2015 and 2030 respectively among males; whereas, the corresponding values for females were 3.8, 3.1 and 3.7 per 100000. The mortality rate of GI cancers had been decreasing by 2015 but it will remain stable by 2030 in males; however, the rate will be increasing in females. Also, there was a considerable variation in the mortality trends of different cancers. Pancreatic, gallbladder, and liver cancers were shown to have an increasing trend while a dropped was observed in the mortality of stomach, colon and rectum, and esophageal cancers. Conclusion: The difference in the patterns of GI cancers and their trends around the country showed that a more comprehensive control plan is needed that includes the predicted variations.
Increasing questionnaire response: evidence from a nested RCT within a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Goodwin Michaela , Walsh Tanya , Whittaker William , Emsley Richard , Sutton Matthew , Tickle Martin , Kelly Michael , Pretty Iain 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: High response rates are essential when questionnaires are used within research, as representativeness can affect the validity of studies and the ability to generalise the findings to a wider population. The study aimed to measure the response rate to questionnaires from a large longitudinal epidemiological study and sought to determine if any changes made throughout data collection had a positive impact on the response to questionnaires and addressed any imbalance in response rates by participants’ levels of deprivation. Methods: Data were taken from a prospective, comparative study, designed to examine the effects of the reintroduction of water fluoridation on children’s oral health over a five-year period. Response rates were analysed for the first year of data collection. During this year changes were made to the questionnaire layout and cover letter to attempt to increase response rates. Additionally a nested randomised control trial compared the effect on response rates of three different reminders to complete questionnaires.Results: Data were available for 1824 individuals. Sending the complete questionnaire again to non-responders resulted in the highest level of response (25%). A telephone call to participants was the only method that appeared to address the imbalance in deprivation, with a mean difference in deprivation score of 2.65 (95% CI -15.50 to 10.20) between the responders and non-responders. Conclusions: Initially, low response rates were recorded within this large, longitudinal study giving rise to concerns about non-response bias. Resending the entire questionnaire again was the most effective way of reminding participants to complete the questionnaire. As this is a less labour intensive method than for example, calling participants, more time can then be spent targeting groups who are underrepresented. In order to address these biases, data can be weighted in order to draw conclusions about the population.
Methotrexate impaired in-vivo matured mouse oocyte quality and the possible mechanisms
Authors: Tian Ning , Lv Dan-yu , Yu Ji , Ma Wan-yun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background：Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate agent which is widely used in clinic for treating malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis and ectopic pregnancy. As reported, MTX has side effects on gastrointestinal system, nervous system and reproductive system, while its potential damages on oocyte quality are still unclear. It is known that oocyte quality is essential for healthy conception and the forthcoming embryo development. Thus, this work studied the effects of MTX on the oocyte quality. Results: We established MTX model mice by single treatment with 5 mg/Kg MTX. Both morphological and molecular biology studies were performed to assess the in-vivo matured oocytes quality and to analyze the related mechanisms. The in-vivo matured oocytes from MTX-treated mice had poor in-vitro fertilization ability, and the resulting embryo formation rates and blastocyst quality were lower than the control group. We found that the in-vivo matured MTX-treated mouse oocytes displayed abnormal transcript expressions for genes of key enzymes in the folate cycles. MTX increased the rate of abnormal chromosome alignment and affected the regulation of chromosome separation via disrupting the spindle morphology and reducing the mRNA expressions of MAD2 and Sgo1. MTX reduced the DNA methylation levels in the in-vivo matured oocytes, and further studies showed that MTX altered the expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT 3b, and may also affect the levels of the methyl donor and its metabolite. Conclusions: MTX impaired the in-vivo matured mouse oocyte quality by disturbing folate metabolism and affecting chromosome stability and methylation modification.