bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin, anemia, and poststroke cognitive impairment: A cohort study
Authors: He Weilei , Ruan Yiting , Yuan Chengxiang , Luan Xiaoqian , He Jincai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesSeveral studies have demonstrated that anemia was associated with cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between hemoglobin and cognitive impairment in patient with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsIn total, 326 patients with acute ischemic stroke were followed up for 1 month. The main outcome was the incidence and severity of poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) assessed by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The impact of hemoglobin levels and anemia on PSCI was assessed by multiple regression models controlling for potential confounders.ResultsDuring the 1‐month follow‐up, 193 (59.2%) patients developed PSCI. Anemia was independently associated with PSCI (OR = 3.637; 95% CI, 1.216‐10.881; P = .021) after adjusting for demographics, vascular risk factors, stroke severity, and functional outcome. When the hemoglobin levels stratified into tertiles, higher hemoglobin levels were associated with better cognitive function. This result was however not significant after adjusting for the same confounders above.ConclusionsLow hemoglobin levels are associated with an increased risk of PSCI. Targeted interventions in this population may reduce the incidence of PSCI and require further evaluation.
In‐vivo hemodynamic imaging of acute prenatal ethanol exposure in fetal brain by photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Shan Tianqi , Zhao Yuan , Jiang Shixie , Jiang Huabei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) can lead to structural and functional abnormalities in fetal brain. Although neural developmental deficits due to PEE have been recognized, the immediate effects of PEE on fetal brain vasculature and hemodynamics remain poorly understood. One of the major obstacles that preclude the rapid advancement of studies on fetal vascular dynamics is the limitation of the imaging techniques. Thus, a technique for noninvasive in‐vivo imaging of fetal vasculature and hemodynamics is desirable. In this study, we explored the dynamic changes of the vessel dimeter, density and oxygen saturation in fetal brain after acute maternal ethanol exposure in the second‐trimester equivalent murine model using a real‐time photoacoustic tomography system we developed for imaging embryo of small animals. The results indicate a significant decrease in fetal brain vessel diameter, perfusion and oxygen saturation. This work demonstrated that PAT can provide high‐resolution noninvasive imaging ability to monitor fetal vascular dynamics.
Covalent attachment of resveratrol to stainless steel toward the development of a resveratrol‐releasing bare‐metal stent
Authors: Creasey Hannah N. , Brandel Elizabeth Z. , Nguyen Ryan , Bashore Morgan J. , Jones Casey M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe the covalent attachment of resveratrol, a naturally occurring antioxidant, to the surface of stainless‐steel as a model for designing a novel bare‐metal stent to treat coronary artery disease. Resveratrol has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in dysfunctional endothelial cells, and stimulate arterial healing. Resveratrol treatments, however, are limited by low water solubility, such that a localized delivery to the site of arterial narrowing via a coated stent presents a promising strategy for improving stent outcomes. Our attachment strategy utilizes zirconium vapor deposition to lay down a thin layer of zirconium oxide with labile hydrocarbon groups at the surface. Resveratrol can displace these hydrocarbons in aprotic solvent to afford a covalently attached layer of resveratrol. We evaluated the release of resveratrol under a range of pH levels, including physiological conditions (pH = 7.4 and 37 °C). Furthermore, we established that endothelial cells grown on a resveratrol‐bound surface release elevated nitric oxide levels compared to controls, a key endothelial signaling molecule responsible for arterial health. These results are promising toward the development of a resveratrol‐coated bare‐metal stent to improve patient outcomes.
Assessment of Similarity in Antipsychotic Exposure‐Response Relationships in Clinical Trials Between Adults and Adolescents With Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia
Authors: Kalaria Shamir N. , Farchione Tiffany R. , Mathis Mitchell V. , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi , Younis Islam , Uppoor Ramana , Mehta Mehul , Wang Yaning , Zhu Hao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite agreement that early‐onset schizophrenia is continuous with the adult‐onset form, quantitative relationships between antipsychotic exposure and clinical response are relatively unexplored in adolescents, compared to adults. Clinical efficacy data from second‐generation antipsychotic development programs (N = 5951 adults and N = 1035 adolescents ranging from 12 to 17 years old) were collected from available new drug applications submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration from 1993 to 2017. The developed disease–drug trial models adequately predicted the longitudinal trend in total positive and negative syndrome scale scores in both adults and adolescents using a Weibull placebo response, time‐delayed drug effect, and a Weibull structural dropout model. Maximum drug effect was similar between the two populations and was estimated to be between a range of 5% to 11% in adults and 5% to 7% in adolescents. Half maximal effective concentration parameter estimates also indicated similar exposure‐response relationships in adults and adolescents across all 4 antipsychotics. Simulated adolescent data using final model parameter estimates from the adult model were in agreement with adolescent observations. This analysis confirms similarity in exposure‐response for efficacy and could expedite the development of second‐generation antipsychotics for adolescents.
The impacts of Cu(II) complexation on gatifloxacin adsorption onto goethite and hematite
Authors: Li Xiangzhi , Bi Erping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGatifloxacin (GAT) is a new generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic and its adsorption onto iron minerals influenced by coexisting trace elements [e.g., Cu(II)] has not been well investigated. To evaluate the adsorption behavior of GAT and Cu(II) onto goethite and hematite, the complexation constants of GAT with Cu(II) were determined using potentiometric titration, and the effects of Cu(II) concentration and solution pH on GAT adsorption were investigated using batch experiments. It was observed that GAT adsorption was negatively correlated with molar concentration ratio of Cu(II) to GAT. In our experimental pH range (i.e., 3.0–10.8), the calculated main species involved in GAT adsorption were Cu(GAT±)2+ and Cu(GAT±)22+ under acidic to neutral conditions, and formation of Cu(GAT−)2(s) facilitated the removal of GAT from solution under alkaline condition. The adsorption data were well fitted by the Freundlich model and showed high nonlinearity. In adsorption onto goethite, the primary interactions shifted from electrostatic repulsion to formation of goethite–Cu(II)–GAT ternary surface complexes with increase of GAT concentration. For hematite, electrostatic repulsion was the main inhibiting mechanism and became stronger with increase of Cu(II) concentration. Our findings suggest that it is necessary to consider the complexation between GAT and coexisting metal cations in evaluating its transport in soils rich in different iron minerals.
Suppressed LPS‐mediated TLR4 signaling in the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) compared to the bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Cao Wangjie , Pu Peng , Wang Jinzhou , Niu Zhiyi , Zhang Tao , He Jie , Tang Xiaolong , Chen Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEcological immunology involves the study of the immune function of wildlife, which is seldom compared with that of model animals. Here, we evaluated and compared the level of the innate immune response in the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), an indigenous underground rodent from the Tibetan Plateau, with that in the bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus) and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rat (Rattus norvegicus). The spleen was observed by ordinary light and transmission electron microscopy, and the spleen index was calculated. After liposaccharide (LPS) challenge, the expression of Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) in the spleen was detected by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The expression of nuclear factor‐κB1 (NF‐κB1) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) in the spleen was detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the levels of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interferon‐β (IFN‐β) in the spleen were detected by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. The spleen index of the plateau zokor was lower than that of the bamboo rat and SD rat. The expression of TLR4, NF‐κB1, and MAPK14 and the levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in the spleen of the plateau zokor were lower than those of the bamboo rat and SD rat, while the expression of TLR2 and HIF‐1α and the level of IFN‐β were higher than those of the bamboo rat and SD rat. We speculate that suppression of the TLR4 signaling pathway in the plateau zokor is an adaptation to hypoxic tunnels that decreases antigenic risk and maintains immune homeostasis. Moreover, the spleen of the plateau zokor is reduced in size, reducing the innate immunity investment in the spleen. We also noted that high levels of HIF‐1α in the spleen of the plateau zokor suppressed crosstalk between HIF‐1α and TLR4, promoting the innate immune response.
Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated fromMespilus germanicaextract against multidrug resistance ofKlebsiella pneumoniaeclinical strains
Authors: Foroohimanjili Fatemeh , Mirzaie Amir , Hamdi Seyed Mohammad Mehdi , Noorbazargan Hassan , Hedayati Ch Mojtaba , Dolatabadi Aghigh , Rezaie Hossein , Bishak Faezeh M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present work was to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing activities of phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated from Mespilus germanica extract against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Fifty strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated from various clinical specimens. Biofilm‐forming strains were identified using Congo red agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of phytosynthesized AgNPs on MDR K. pneumoniae strains was investigated by broth microdilution assay and agar well‐diffusion method. Finally (in the last step), the antibiofilm activity of phytosynthesized AgNPs was determined using microtiter plate assay and real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) methods for the analysis of type 3 fimbriae (mrkA) and quorum‐sensing system (luxS) gene expression. The results of this study showed that the phytosynthesized AgNPs had a spherical nanostructure with the mean size of 17.60 nm. The AgNPs exhibited dose‐dependent antibacterial activity. The results of the microtiter plate and RT‐PCR methods show that AgNPs inhibited the biofilm formation in MDR K. pneumoniae strains, and the expressions of mrkA and luxS genes were downregulated significantly in MDR strains after treatment with a subminimum inhibitory concentration of AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs effectively prevent the formation of biofilms and kill bacteria in established biofilms, which suggests that AgNPs might be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of biofilm‐related infections caused by MDR K. pneumoniae strains.
Does neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma increase postoperative morbidity? A systematic review of the literature with meta‐analysis
Authors: Araujo Raphael L. C. , Silva Raphael O. , de Pádua Souza Cristiano , Milani Jean M. , Huguet Florence , Rezende Ana C. , Gaujoux Sebastien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeoadjuvant treatment (NT) for pancreatic head cancer may allow some patients to undergo curative resection, but its impact on postoperative complications remains unclear. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to compare overall postoperative morbidity, pancreatic fistula, and mortality between patients who underwent upfront surgery and those who underwent neoadjuvant therapy first. Forty‐five studies with 3359 patients were included. No significant differences in morbidity and mortality rates associated with NT for pancreatic head cancer were detected in this study.
Prognostic role of tumor mutation burden in hepatocellular carcinoma after radical hepatectomy
Authors: Cai Huayong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Haoyun , Cui Chao , Li Chonghui , Lu Shichun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to assess the potential relationship between tumor mutation burden (TMB) and the recurrence risk of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) after curative resection and tried to develop a reliable TMB based nomogram.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in 128 patients (40 patients suffered from a recurrence of HCC) who had received radical hepatectomy by the same surgical team. A nomogram model was constructed using the R and EmpowerStats software.ResultsTMB was not associated with maximum tumor size and the presence of microvascular invasion (MVI). In the whole population or subgroups, the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate was significantly lower in the TMB high group. In multivariate analysis, TMB (hazard ratio [HR], 10.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.03‐20.31; P < .001), large tumor diameter (HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.51‐5.63; P = .001), presence of MVI (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.03‐3.65; P = .042) were independent predictors of RFS. The predictive power of the nomogram integrating TMB, tumor size and MVI was higher than model only incorporating tumor size and MVI.ConclusionThis study demonstrated for the first time that higher TMB was associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC who had received curative resection, and a TMB based nomogram model had a well predictive performance for RFS in this population.
A Color Flow Tract in Ultrasound‐Guided Random Renal Core Biopsy Predicts Complications
Authors: Gagnon Marie‐Helene , Lin Michael F. , Lancia Samantha , Salter Amber , Yano Motoyo 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo determine patient and procedural risk factors for major complications in ultrasound (US)‐guided random renal core biopsy.MethodsRandom renal biopsies performed by radiologists in the US department at a single institution between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The patient's age, sex, race, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were recorded. The biopsy approach, needle gauge, length of cores, number of throws, and presence of a color flow tract were recorded. Outcome data included minor and major complications. Associations between variables were tested with χ2 analyses and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 231 biopsies (167 native and 64 allografts) were reviewed. There was no significant difference in the sex, age, race, or eGFR between native and allograft groups. The overall rate for any complication was 18.2%, with a 4.3% rate of major complications, which was significantly greater in native compared to allograft biopsies (6% versus 0%; P = .045). A risk analysis in native biopsies only showed that major complications were significantly associated with a low eGFR such that patients with stage 4 or 5 kidney disease had higher odds of complications (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: stage 4, 9.405 [1.995–44.338]; P = .0393; stage 5, 10.749 [2.218–52.080]; P = .0203) than patients with normal function (eGFR >60 mL/min). The presence of a color flow tract portended a 10.7 times greater risk of having any complication (95% confidence interval, 4.595–24.994; P < .001). Other procedural factors were not significantly associated with complications.ConclusionsThere is an increased risk of major complications in US‐guided random native kidney biopsy in patients with a low eGFR (<30 mL/min) and a patent color flow tract in the immediate postbiopsy setting.
HOW LONGEVITY IS SHAPING THE WORKFORCE OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Jenkins Jo Ann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article asserts that global aging is about more than demographics. People are living longer and in better health, and we have extended middle age. This has created a new life stage opening up new possibilities for how people live and age. Various concepts are noted from the author's book Disrupt Aging: A Bold New Path to Living Your Best Life at Every Age, including that there is a conversation to be had around the potential historic benefits of living longer. Statistics are provided on this phenomenon, such as that in the United States, 10,000 people a day are turning 65—a trend that will continue for the next 10 years; and that the fastest growing age group is people 85+. The influence of longevity on the workplace is discussed, including the following four factors: more people living longer and in generally better health; more nonphysically demanding jobs; the need to continue earning—not just to survive, but to thrive; and the desire to keep contributing to society, be engaged and make a difference. The conclusion notes that by embracing the five‐generation workforce disruptive demographics can be turned into productive possibilities for employers and employees.
Supramolecularly Designed Thermoresponsive Polymers in Different Polymer Backbones
Authors: Naya Masami , Kokado Kenta , Landenberger Kira Beth , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito , Sada Kazuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermoresponsive polymers in water, for example, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are investigated extensively, due to a wide range of biomedical applications. However, the attempts to control thermoresponsiveness are still rare in less or nonpolar media. Herein, the three thermoresponsive homopolymers tethering an N‐butylurea group in the side chain with a different polymer backbone are reported. They exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type and upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐type thermoresponsiveness depending on association of the urea group in the polymer chain and hydrogen bonding small molecules (effectors) in ternary systems (polymer/effector/organic solvent). The difference of polymer backbone appears as their change of solvophobicity in organic solvents. Poly(methacrylate) backbone needs more amount of the effector in nonpolar organic solvents, and poly(vinyl ether) backbone needs more amount in polar organic solvents. However, the influence of polymer backbone is too little to change the phase transition behavior, and the thermoresponsiveness is dominated by association and dissociation of hydrogen bondings between polymers and effectors. The supramolecular design of the thermoresponsive polymers is strong and extensible for the design of their phase transitions.
Relationship of Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Nonmotor Symptoms to Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bernard Bryan A. , Carns Danielle , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goldman Jennifer G. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundFew studies assess the relationships between nonmotor aspects of experiences of daily living and cognitive functioning in Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationships among the Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) part I items and neuropsychological tests in PD.Methods: We assessed 151 PD patients with the MDS‐UPDRS part I and a battery of cognitive tests focused on the following 5 cognitive domains: attention/working memory, executive functioning, recent memory, language, visuoperception. Raw scores for individual cognitive tests were transformed to z scores, and cognitive domain scores were calculated by averaging z scores within each domain. Individual items from the MDS‐UPDRS part I were entered in a stepwise linear regression analysis assessing item contribution to cognitive domain scores.ResultsThe MDS‐UPDRS part I item scores for hallucinations and psychosis and light headedness on standing predicted attention/working memory domain scores (P = 0.004). These same item scores, along with apathy, depressed mood, and dopamine dysregulation syndrome, predicted executive functioning (P = 0.044). The apathy and dopamine dysregulation syndrome items predicted language (P = 0.006). In addition, the cognitive impairment and sleep items were predictors of recent memory (P = 0.031). None of the items were predictors of visuoperception (P = 0.006). Other part I items were not significantly related to cognitive domain scores.ConclusionsSpecific nonmotor MDS‐UPDRS part I items, particularly mood, behavior, and autonomic‐related items, exhibited significant relationships with cognitive domains. The highest number of items were predictive of the executive functioning domain, which is the hallmark cognitive dysfunction in PD.
An unresolved issue in rhabdomyosarcoma treatment: The duration of chemotherapy
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClinical trials have tested different chemotherapy regimens to improve outcome for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), but therapy duration has never been explicitly evaluated. North American trials evolved from longer (104 weeks) to shorter duration (24‐42 weeks). In Europe, treatment duration similarly evolved from 35 to 48 to 22 weeks for lower risk patients and from 56 to 72 to 27 weeks for higher risk patients. There was no evidence that chemotherapy duration influenced outcome over time. The recent RMS2005 trial showed an improved survival with the addition of 24 weeks of low‐dose chemotherapy. Treatment duration remains a question to be addressed in future trials.
Adsorber Particles with Magnetically‐Supported Improved Electrochemical Conversion Behavior for Waste Water Treatment Processes
Authors: Schneider Michael , Tschöpe André , Hanselmann Doris , Ballweg Thomas , Gellermann Carsten , Franzreb Matthias , Mandel Karl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicron‐sized supraparticles, consisting of a plurality of discrete nano‐ and microscale functional units, are assembled and fused by means of a droplet extrusion process. By combining nano magnetite, activated carbon, and conductive carbon with a polymeric binder matrix, particles are obtained which unite good magnetic properties, electrical conductivity, and adsorber activity through the high accessible surface area of the incorporated activated carbon of about 570 m2 g−1, thereby enabling a new approach toward sustainable water treatment processes. Due to the interplay of the components, it is possible to adsorb target substances, dissolved in the water which is demonstrated by the adsorption of the model dye methylene blue. A very fast adsorption kinetic and an adsorption capacity of about 400 mg g−1 is determined. By using the developed composite particles, it is also possible to electrochemically alter substances flowing through a magnetically‐stabilized fluidized‐bed reactor by electrochemically charging/discharging, significantly supported by the magnetic field enabling alternatingly optimum mobility/adsorption phases with contact/charging intervals. The electrochemical conversion can be increased up to 151% depending on the applied flow‐rate and electrical voltage. By applying an external magnetic field, a further increase of electrochemical conversion of up to 70% can be observed.