bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Identify Pediatric Trauma Patients Needing Lifesaving Interventions (LSIs): A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ashby David W. , Gourlay David M. , Balakrishnan Binod , Meyer Michael T. , Drendel Amy L. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in identifying pediatric trauma patients who required lifesaving interventions (LSIs).

Methods
Retrospective chart review of children age 0 to 18 years who activated the trauma team response between January 1, 2015 and August 14, 2017, at a large, urban pediatric emergency department. The lowest somatic NIRS saturation and the need for LSIs (based on published consensus definition) were abstracted from the chart. χ2 and descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results
The charts of 84 pediatric trauma patients were reviewed. Overall, 80% were boys with a mean age of 10.4 years (SD, 6.2 years). Injuries included 56% blunt trauma and 36% penetrating trauma with mortality of 10.7% (n = 9). Overall, the median lowest NIRS value was 67% (interquartile range, 51–80%; range, 15%–95%) and 54.8% of the patients had a NIRS value less than 70%. The median somatic NIRS duration recorded was 12 minutes (interquartile range, 6–17 minutes; range, 1–59 minutes). Overall, 50% of patients required a LSI, including 39 who required a lifesaving procedure, 11 required blood products, and 14 required vasopressors. Pediatric trauma patients with NIRS less than 70% had a significantly increased odds of requiring a LSI (odds ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–6.47). NIRS less than 70% had a sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 57% respectively.

Conclusions
Pediatric trauma patients with somatic NIRS less than 70% within 30 minutes of emergency department arrival are associated with the need for LSIs. Continuous NIRS monitoring in the pediatric trauma population should be evaluated prospectively.
Automatic Production of Synthetic Labeled OCT Images Using Active Shape Model
Authors: Danesh Hajar , Maghooli Keivan , Kafieh Rahele , Dehghani Alireza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe challenge of limited labeled data in the field of medical imaging and the need for large number of labeled data for training machine learning algorithms, and to measure the performance of image processing algorithms increases the demand to use synthetic images. The purpose of this paper is to construct synthetic and labeled Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data to solve the problems like having access to the accurate labeled data and evaluating the processing algorithms. In this study, a modified active shape model is used which considers the anatomical features of available images such as number and thickness of the layers and their associated brightness, the retinal blood vessels, and shadow information with wise consideration of speckle noise. The algorithm is also able to provide different datasets with varying noise level. The validity of our method for synthesis of retinal images is measured by two methods (qualitative assessment and quantitative analysis).
CLINICAL PROFILES OF GLAUCOMATOUS PATIENTS WITH HIGH- AND LOW-TENSION OPTIC DISC HEMORRHAGES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Almeida Izabela , Dias Diego Torres , Alhadeff Paula Azevedo , Lopes Flavio Siqueira Santos , Gracitelli Carolina P B , Paranhos Augusto , Ritch Robert , Prata Tiago Santos 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsOptic disc hemorrhage (DH) is an important glaucoma risk factor, and occurs in a wide intraocular pressure (IOP) range. We sought to characterize distinct clinical subtypes of patients with high- (HTDH) and low-tension DHs (LTDH).MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, treated glaucomatous patients with DHs from two Glaucoma Services were consecutively enrolled. Disc photographs were evaluated for the presence of DH by two glaucoma specialists. After inclusion, patients were classified on HTDH (IOP ≥ 16mmHg) and LTDH (IOP< 16mmHg; median split). Clinical and ocular data from the time of DH detection were compared between groups.ResultsOne hundred thirty-three DH patients were included (LTDH = 66 eyes; HTDH = 67 eyes). Patients with LTDH were more often women than those with HTDH (77% vs 42%; p = 0.030). There was also a trend for a higher prevalence of Asian descendants (24% vs 9%; p = 0.058) and symptoms suggestive of vascular dysregulation (34% vs 14%; p = 0.057) in LTDH patients. Eyes with LTDH also had worse visual field (VF) mean deviation index (p = 0.037), higher prevalence of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) diagnosis (46% vs 17%; p< 0.001) and tended to have thinner central corneas (p = 0.066).ConclusionPatients developing DHs with treated IOPs in the low teens seem to more frequently fit in a profile represented by women, NTG diagnosis and greater VF loss. The presence of symptoms suggestive of vascular dysregulation and race also seem to differ between these two clinical subtypes. A closer optic disc surveillance is recommended for patients with the LTDH subtype, as they may develop DHs despite seemingly well-controlled IOP.
Covid 19 and orthopaedic surgery in a large trauma centre in India
Authors: Kumar Kannan Karuppiah , Kumar M N , Ravishankar Muniramaiah , Chandy Thomas , Rai Chetan , Chetan A , Girish Vijay , Kumar Krishna , Battepati Praveen S , Shivarathre Deepak G , Puranik Harish , Kumar Noel Naleen , Prasad Krishan , Harshvardhan Dr , Deepu N K , Shetty Mayur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe are in the midst of a pandemic caused by the novel SARS-Cov-2 virus. A large percentage of the patients are asymptomatic and hospitals around the world are struggling to restart routine services. We report the results of a universal testing protocol of all patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery in the month of July 2020 in a large orthopaedic speciality hospital in Bangalore, India.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients who underwent orthopaedic surgery in the month of July 2020 at a tertiary care orthopaedic speciality hospital in Bangalore, India. All patients underwent nasopharyngeal swab test before surgery. A questionnaire was used to assess the patient before the RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab test. Data regarding imaging, investigations and follow up was recorded.ResultsIn the month of July 2020, 168 patients underwent routine nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab test for COVID-19 prior to planned orthopaedic surgical procedure (Both trauma and elective cases). 16 of the RT-PCR tests were positive. However vascular cases and absolute emergencies were done without a RT - PCR test with PPE and all universal precautions. 11 patients underwent emergency surgery without a RT-PCR test. All 16 cases who were positive were asymptomatic. The asymptomatic positive rate was 9.52%. Of the 11 patients who underwent emergency surgery without a RT-PCR test, only one patient had a positive test post-operatively.ConclusionsRoutine nasopharyngeal RT-PCR testing revealed a high rate of asymptomatic cases. If the RT-PCR test is positive, it is best to defer the case till the test returns negative. All precautions must be taken while performing emergency surgeries. Our algorithm in managing patients has proven to be effective and can be replicated with ease to continue operating and taking care of orthopaedic patients during this pandemic.
Characteristics of COVID-19 recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoang Tung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies reported the recurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among discharge patients. This study aimed to examine the characteristic of repositive COVID-19 cases by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed and Embase and gray literature up to August 17, 2020. A random-effects model was applied to obtain the pooled prevalence of RNA repositive among recovered patients and the prevalence of subjects underlying comorbidity among recurrence cases. The other characteristics were calculated based on the summary data of individual studies.ResultsA total of 37 studies were included in the final analysis, we have described the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 recurrence cases. Of 2,436 patients recovering from COVID-19 and being discharged, an estimate of 16% (95% CI, 12% to 20%) patients was repositive with SARS-CoV-2 during the follow-up. This proportion was 15% (95% CI, 11% to 18%) for China and 31% (95% CI, 26% to 37%) for Korea. Among recurrence cases, it was estimated 43% (95% CI, 31% to 55%) subjects underlying at least one comorbidity. The estimates for times from disease onset to admission, from admission to discharge, and from discharge to RNA positive conversion were 17.3, 16.7, and 10.5 days, respectively. Conclusions: This study summarized up-to-date evidence from case reports, case series, and observational studies for the characteristic of COVID-19 recurrence cases after discharge. It is recommended to pay attention to follow-up patients after discharge, even if they have been in quarantine.
Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Coronavirus Diseases 2019 Patients with Different Severity
Authors: Kowitdamrong Ekasit , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Prompetchara Eakachai , Suchartlikitwong Pintip , Putcharoen Opass , Hirankarn Nattiya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMore understanding of antibody responses in the SARS-CoV-2 infected population is useful for vaccine development.AimTo investigate SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG among COVID-19 Thai patients with different severity.MethodsWe used plasma from 118 adult patients who have confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 49 patients under investigation without infection, 20 patients with other respiratory infections, and 102 healthy controls. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from Euroimmun. The optical density ratio cut off for positive test was 1.1 for IgA and 0.8 for IgG. The association of antibody response with the severity of diseases and the day of symptoms was performed.ResultsFrom Mar 10 to May 31, 2020, 289 participants were enrolled, and 384 samples were analyzed. Patients were categorized by clinical manifestations to mild (n = 59), moderate (n = 27) and severe (n = 32). The overall sensitivity of IgA and IgG from samples collected after day 7 is 87.9% (95% CI 79.8-93.6) and 84.8% (95% CI 76.2-91.3), respectively. The severe group had a significantly higher level of specific IgA and IgG to S1 antigen compared to the mild group. All moderate to severe patients have specific IgG while 20% of the mild group did not have any IgG detected after two weeks. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 IgG level was significantly higher in males compared to females among the severe group (p = 0.003).ConclusionThe serologic test for SARS-CoV-2 has high sensitivity after the second week after onset of illness. Serological response differs among patients with different severity and different sex.
Pilot Suppression trial ofAedes albopictusmosquitoes through an Integrated Vector Management strategy including the Sterile Insect Technique in Mauritius
Authors: Iyaloo Diana P. , Bouyer Jeremy , Facknath Sunita , Bheecarry Ambicadutt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is often difficult to control the vector mosquitoAedes albopictususing conventional chemical control methods alone at an operational level mainly because of (1) the ability of the species to lay eggs in a variety of places which are often difficult to detect or access by larviciding operators, (2) the inherent tendency of adults to live and feed outdoor which makes them unlikely targets of Insecticide Residual Spraying and (3) the development of resistance to insecticides by the species. It is therefore necessary for countries to investigate alternative control methods (such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)) that can be integrated in their national vector control programme in order to address those limitations.In this field trial, mass-produced, radio-sterilizedAe. albopictusmales could successfully compete with wild males in a small village in Mauritius. Our study also demonstrated that within specific eco-climatic conditions, SIT can be used as a suppression tool againstAe. albopictusand, unlike numerous chemical control methods, effectively maintain the suppression level when the latter is found at low densities. Finally, the need for mosquito SIT programmes to develop contingency plans against increasingly frequent extreme weather occurrences was also highlighted.
Cholesterol in membranes facilitates aggregation of amyloid β protein at physiologically low concentrations
Authors: Banerjee Siddhartha , Hashemi Mohtadin , Zagorski Karen , Lyubchenko Yuri L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe formation of amyloid β (1-42) (Aβ42) oligomers is considered to be a critical step in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the mechanism underlying this process at physiologically low concentrations of Aβ42 remains unclear. We have previously shown that oligomers assemble at such low Aβ42 monomer concentrationsin vitroon phospholipid membranes. We hypothesized that membrane composition is the factor controlling the aggregation process. Accumulation of cholesterol in membranes is associated with AD development, suggesting that insertion of cholesterol into membranes may initiate the Aβ42 aggregation, regardless of a low monomer concentration. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to directly visualize the aggregation process of Aβ42 on the surface of a lipid bilayer containing cholesterol. Time-lapse AFM imaging unambiguously demonstrates that cholesterol in the lipid bilayer significantly enhances the aggregation process of Aβ42 at nanomolar monomer concentration. Quantitative analysis of the AFM data shows that both the number of Aβ42 oligomers and their sizes grow when cholesterol is present. Importantly, the aggregation process is dynamic, so the aggregates assembled on the membrane can dissociate from the bilayer surface into the bulk solution. Computational modeling demonstrated that the lipid bilayer containing cholesterol had an elevated affinity to Aβ42. Moreover, monomers adopted the aggregation-prone conformations present in amyloid fibrils. The low energy barriers between these conformations facilitate the transition between monomer states and is another factor promoting the self-association of the monomers.
Oncogenetic Landscape Of Lymphomagenesis In Coeliac Disease
Authors: Cording Sascha , Lhermitte Ludovic , Malamut Georgia , Berrabah Sofia , Trinquand Amélie , Guegan Nicolas , Villarese Patrick , Kaltenbach Sophie , Meresse Bertrand , Khater Sherine , Dussiot Michael , Bras Marc , Cheminant Morgane , Tesson Bruno , Bole-Feysot Christine , Bruneau Julie , Molina Thierry Jo , Sibon David , Macintyre Elizabeth , Hermine Olivier , Cellier Christophe , Asnafi Vahid , Cerf-Bensussan Nadine 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveEnteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare but severe complication of celiac disease (CeD), often preceded by low-grade clonal intraepithelial lymphoproliferation, referred to as type II refractory CeD (RCDII). Knowledge on underlying oncogenic mechanisms remains scarce. Here, we analysed and compared the mutational landscape of RCDII and EATL in order to identify genetic drivers of CeD-associated lymphomagenesis.DesignPure populations of RCDII-cells derived from intestinal biopsies (n=9) or sorted from blood (n=2) were analysed by whole exome sequencing, comparative genomic hybridization and RNA-sequencing. Biopsies from RCDII (n=50), EATL (n=19), type I refractory CeD (n=7) and uncomplicated CeD (n=7) were analysed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Moreover, functional in vitro studies and drug testing were performed in RCDII-derived cell lines.Results80% of RCDII and 90% of EATL displayed somatic gain-of-functions mutations in the JAK1-STAT3 pathway, including a remarkable p.G1097 hotspot mutation in the JAK1 kinase-domain in approximately 50% of cases. Other recurrent somatic events were deleterious mutations in NFκB-regulatorsTNFAIP3andTNIP3and potentially oncogenic mutations inTET2, KMT2DandDDX3X. JAK1 inhibitors and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib could block survival and proliferation of malignant RCDII-cell lines.ConclusionMutations activating the JAK1-STAT3 pathway appear to be the main drivers of CeD-associated lymphomagenesis. In concert with mutations in negative regulators of NFκB, they may favour the clonal emergence of malignant lymphocytes in the cytokine-rich coeliac intestine. The identified mutations are attractive therapeutic targets to treat RCDII and block progression towards EATL.
Dopamine D2 receptors modulate the cholinergic pause and inhibitory learning
Authors: Gallo Eduardo F. , Greenwald Julia , Teboul Eric , Martyniuk Kelly M. , Li Yulong , Javitch Jonathan A. , Balsam Peter D. , Kellendonk Christoph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the striatum respond to salient stimuli with a multiphasic response, including a pause, in neuronal activity. Slice physiology experiments have shown the importance of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) in regulating CIN pausing yet the behavioral significance of the CIN pause and its regulation by dopaminein vivois still unclear. Here, we show that D2R upregulation in CINs of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) lengthens the pause in CIN activityex vivoand enlarges a stimulus-evoked decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) levels during behavior. This enhanced dip in ACh levels is associated with a selective deficit in the learning to inhibit responding in a Go/No-Go task. Our data demonstrate, therefore, the importance of CIN D2Rs in modulating the CIN response induced by salient stimuli and points to a role of the pause in inhibitory learning. This work has important implications for brain disorders with altered striatal dopamine and ACh function, including schizophrenia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Control of β-glucan exposure by the endo-1,3-glucanase Eng1 inCandida albicansmodulates virulence
Authors: Yang Mengli , Solis Norma V. , Marshall Michaela , Garleb Rachel , Zhou Tingting , Wang Daidong , Swidergall Marc , Pearlman Eric , Filler Scott G. , Liu Haoping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCandida albicansis a major cause of invasive candidiasis, which has a high mortality rate. The hyphal form ofC. albicansis virulent and activates the host innate immune response, while the yeast form is hypovirulent and less immunogenic. The innate immune response is critical for host defense, but overactivation can cause tissue damage and sepsis. The innate immune response can be triggered when the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1 recognizes β-glucans, which is protected by the outer mannan layer of the cell wall onC. albicans. Here, we demonstrate that there is low level of Dectin-1 binding at the septum of yeast cells, but high level of Dectin-1 binding over the entire surface of hyphae. We find that β-glucan masking in yeast is controlled by two highly expressed yeast proteins, the endo-1,3-β-glucanase Eng1 and the Yeast Wall Protein Ywp1. Aneng1deletion mutant shows enhanced Dectin-1 binding at the septa, while aneng1 ywp1double mutant, but not anywp1single mutant, shows strong overall Dectin-1 binding. Thus, Eng1-mediated β-glucan trimming and Ywp1-mediated β-glucan masking are two parallel mechanisms utilized byC. albicansyeast to minimize recognition by Dectin-1. In the model of disseminated candidiasis, mice infected with theeng1deletion mutant showed delayed mortality with an increased renal immune response in males compared to mice infected with the wild-type strain, but earlier mortality with a higher renal immune response in females. Using theeng1mutant that is specifically defective in β-glucan masking in yeast, this study demonstrates that the level of β-glucan exposure is important for modulating the balance between immune protection and immunopathogenesis.Abstract ImportanceCandida albicansis a major opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. Systemic Candidiasis has high mortality rates.C. albicansis also a constituent of the human microbiome and found in gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of most healthy individuals.C. albicansis able to switch reversibly between yeast and hyphae in response to environmental cues. The hyphal form is virulent, while the yeast form is hypovirulent and less immunogenic. This study demonstrates that β-glucan exposure in yeast is protected by two highly expressed yeast proteins, the endo-1,3-β-glucanase Eng1 and the Yeast Wall Protein Ywp1. Eng1-mediated β-glucan trimming and Ywp1-mediated β-glucan masking are two parallel mechanisms utilized byC. albicansyeast to minimize recognition by the host C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1. Theeng1mutant triggers a higher immune response and leads to earlier mortality compared to the wild-type strain. Thus, β-glucan masking in yeast keeps yeast cells less immunogenic and hypovirulent.
Performances of targeted RNA-sequencing for the analysis of fusion transcripts, gene mutation and expression in haematological malignancies
Authors: Hayette Sandrine , Grange Béatrice , Vallee Maxime , Bardel Claire , Huet Sarah , Mosnier Isabelle , Chabane Kaddour , Simonet Thomas , Balsat Marie , Heiblig Maël , Tigaud Isabelle , Nicolini Franck E. , Mareschal Sylvain , Salles Gilles , Sujobert Pierre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRNA sequencing holds great promise to improve the diagnostic of haematological malignancies, because this technique enables to detect fusion transcripts, to look for somatic mutations in oncogenes, and to capture transcriptomic signatures nosological entities. However, the analytical performances of targeted RNA sequencing have not been extensively described in diagnostic samples. Using a targeted panel of 1385 cancer-related genes in a series of 100 diagnosis samples and 8 controls, we detected all the already known fusion transcripts, and also discovered unknown and/or unsuspected fusion transcripts in 12 samples. Regarding the analysis of transcriptomic profiles, we show that targeted RNA sequencing is performant to discriminate acute lymphoblastic leukemia entities driven by different oncogenic translocations. Additionally, we show that 86% of the mutations identified at the DNA level are also detectable at the mRNA level, except for nonsense mutations which are subjected to mRNA decay. We conclude that targeted RNA sequencing might improve the diagnosis of haematological malignancies. Standardization of the preanalytical steps and further refinements of the panel design and of the bioinformatical pipelines will be an important step towards its use in standard diagnostic procedures.