bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zinc and Biofertilizer on Changes in Soil Fertility Status under Hybrid Rice – Chickpea Cropping Sequence in Alluvial Soils of Central Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kashyap Namrata , Pathak Rajendra , Sacchan A. K. , Dimree S. 
Published: October 2020

Aims: The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in soil fertility status with the application of zinc and biofertilizers in hybrid rice and chickpea.
Study Design: The design taken for study was Randomized Block Design (RBD).
Place and Duration of Study: Students Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, between July 2018 – July – 2020.
Methodology: The experiment included twelve treatment groups replicated three times in Randomized Block Design.
Results: Soil parameters were also influenced with the application of zinc and biofertilizer. The available nitrogen varied between 192 to 223 kg ha-1 and 191 to 222 kg ha-1 at after harvest during first and second year in case of rice crop. The available phosphorus in case of rice was varied between 11.82 to 11.88 kg ha-1 at before harvest and 11.75 to 13.65 kg ha-1 at after harvest during first year. In case of available potassium it varied from 169 to 173 kg ha-1 at before harvest of the crop and 169 to 185 kg ha-1 at after harvest during first year. Similarly, significant increase in sulphur and zinc was also observed with application of zinc and biofertilizers. The available nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, sulphur and zinc were analysed numerically highest with the application T7 (100 per cent RDN + 25 per cent N FYM + S40 + ZnO + *Azotobacter or **Rhizobium) as compared to control at before and after harvest the crop during both the years that is 2018-19 and 2019-20. Similar trend was seen in case of chickpea crop.
Conclusion: Therefore, the combination of micronutrients and biofertilizers, proved beneficial, indicating to use balanced fertilizers to get maximum benefit and maintaining soil health in rice-chickpea cropping system for the farmers of Central Uttar Pradesh conditions.
Performance Evaluation and Shelf Life of Onion Varieties in Western Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Kindeya Yirga Belay , Chermet Shushay , Zibelo Haile , Tuemay Asmelash , Kassie Mehari , Abraha Alemayo , Weldu Abraha 
Published: October 2020

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important underground vegetable bulb crop of tropical and subtropical part of the world. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and conducted during 2016 to 2018 under irrigation condition at three testing sites. The experiment was designed to select high yielding and good shelf life varieties with the following specific objectives (1) to evaluate and select high yielding onion varieties, (2) to select the adaptable onion varieties and (3) to evaluate and select onion varieties having long shelf life. The study result showed that different variations were observed among the varieties; (29.82%) by environments, (21.94%) Genotype x Environment Interaction and genotypes (6.6. The high environmental variations and differential response of genotypes to the variable environments leading to inconsistency ranking of genotypes across years and locations. The highest yield was obtained from Bombey red (440.3 kgha-1), followed by Nafis(395 kgha-1), Shendi(391 kgha-1), Nasik red(373 kgha-1) and Adama red(387 kgha-1) respectively. The highest %yield loss recorded from Adama red (28.30%) followed by Nafis (23.23%), Nasik red (22.90) Bombey red (22.48%) and Shendi (5.67%) respectively. Even though, the stability ranking of the varieties were varied among the stability parameters. Nafis and Bombey red were found the most stable. While Nasik red, Adama red and Shendi unstable across years and locations. From each of the onion varieties 5 kg was stored for three months and shelf life data recorded and analyzed using R software. Based on the study Shendi can store more than six months without any problem will be recommended and promoted for commercial production. Therefore, the stable varieties recommended and promoted for wider areas.
The Arabidopsis thaliana mRNA decay factor PAT1 functions in osmotic stress responses and decaps ABA‐responsive genes
Authors: Zuo Zhangli , Roux Milena Edna , Sæmundsson Holger Páll , Müller Maren , Munne Bosch Sergi , Petersen Morten 
Published: October 2020

mRNA decapping plays essential roles in regulating gene expression during cellular reprogramming in response to developmental and environmental cues. The evolutionarily conserved PAT1 proteins activate decapping by binding mRNA, recruiting other decapping components, and promoting processing body (PB) assembly. Arabidopsis encodes 3 PAT proteins: PAT1, PATH1, and PATH2. Here, we report that only pat1 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to ABA and that transcripts of ABA‐responsive genes, but not those of ABA biosynthesis genes, persist longer in these mutants. The pat1 mutants also exhibit increased resistance to drought stress and resistance to Pythium irregulare. This is supported by assays showing that PAT1 functions specifically in decapping of the canonical ABA‐responsive gene COR15A. In summary, PAT1 protein mediates decay of ABA‐responsive genes and, thus, regulates stress responses.
Recommended dose voxel size and statistical uncertainty parameters for precision of Monte Carlo dose calculation in stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Goodall Simon K. , Ebert Martin A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonte Carlo (MC)‐based treatment planning requires a choice of dose voxel size (DVS) and statistical uncertainty (SU). These parameters effect both the precision of displayed dose distribution and time taken to complete a calculation. For efficient, accurate, and precise treatment planning in a clinical setting, optimal values should be selected. In this investigation, 30 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment plans, 10 brain, 10 lung, and 10 spine were calculated in the Monaco 5.11.02 treatment planning system (TPS). Each plan was calculated with a DVS of 0.1 and 0.2 cm using SU values of 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.50%, and 2.00%, along with a ground truth calculation using a DVS of 0.1 cm and SU of 0.15%. The variance at each relative dose level was calculated for all SU settings to assess their relationship. The variation from the ground truth calculation for each DVS and SU combination was determined for a range of DVH metrics and plan quality indices along with the time taken to complete the calculations. Finally, the effect of defining the maximum dose using a volume of 0.035 cc was compared to 0.100 cc when considering DVS and SU settings. Changes in the DVS produced greater variations from the ground truth calculation than changes in SU across the values tested. Plan quality metrics and mean dose values showed less sensitivity to changes in SU than DVH metrics. From this study, it was concluded that while maintaining an average calculation time of <10 min, 75% of plans could be calculated with variations of <2.0% from their ground truth values when using an SU setting of 1.50% and a DVS of 0.1 cm in the case of brain or spine plans, and a 0.2 cm DVS in the case of lung plans.
A study of the dosimetric impact of daily setup variations measured with cone‐beam CT on three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer delivered in the prone position
Authors: Xiao Annie , Jutzy Jessica , Hubert Greg , Edens Meghan , Washington Maxine , Hasan Yasmin , Chmura Steven J. , Al‐Hallaq Hania A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the dosimetric impact of daily positioning variations measured with cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) on whole‐breast radiotherapy patients treated in the prone position.MethodsDaily CBCT was prospectively acquired for 30 consecutive patients positioned prone. Treatment for early‐stage (≤II) breast cancer was prescribed with standard dose (50 Gy/25 fractions) or hypofractionation (42.56 Gy/16 fractions) for 13 and 17 patients, respectively. Systematic and random errors were calculated from the translational CBCT shifts and used to determine population‐based setup margins. Mean translations (±one standard deviation) for each patient were used to simulate the dosimetric impact on targets (PTV_eval and lumpectomy cavity), heart, and lung. Paired Student’s t tests at α = 0.01 were used to compare dose metrics after correction for multiple testing (P < 0.002). Significant correlation coefficients were used to identify associations (P < 0.01).ResultsOf 597 total fractions, 20 ± 13% required patient rotation. Mean translations were 0.29 ± 0.27 cm, 0.41 ± 0.34 cm, and 0.48 ± 0.33 cm in the anterior–posterior, superior–inferior, and lateral directions leading to calculated setup margins of 0.63, 0.88, and 1.10 cm, respectively. Average three‐dimensional (3D) shifts correlated with the maximum distance of breast tissue from the sternum (r = 0.62) but not with body‐mass index. Simulated shifts showed significant, but minor, changes in dose metrics for PTV_eval, lung, and heart. For left‐sided treatments (n = 18), mean heart dose increased from 109 ± 75 cGy to 148 ± 115 cGy. Shifts from the original plan caused PTV_eval hotspots (V105%) to increase by 5.2% ± 3.8%, which correlated with the total MU of wedged fields (r = 0.59). No significant change in V95% to the cavity was found.ConclusionsLarge translational variations that occur when positioning prone breast patients had small but significant dosimetric effects on 3DCRT plans. Daily CBCT may still be necessary to correct for rotational variations that occur in 20% of treatments. To maintain planned dose metrics, unintended beam shifts toward the heart and the contribution of wedged fields should be minimized.
Biomolecule‐Directed Carbon Nanotube Self‐Assembly
Authors: Anaya‐Plaza Eduardo , Shaukat Ahmed , Lehtonen Inka , Kostiainen Mauri A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe strategy of combining biomolecules and synthetic components to develop biohybrids is becoming increasingly popular for preparing highly customized and biocompatible functional materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) benefit from bioconjugation, allowing their excellent properties to be applied to biomedical applications. This study reviews the state‐of‐the‐art research in biomolecule–CNT conjugates and discusses strategies for their self‐assembly into hierarchical structures. The review focuses on various highly ordered structures and the interesting properties resulting from the structural order. Hence, CNTs conjugated with the most relevant biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, and lipids are discussed. The resulting well‐defined composites allow the nanoscale properties of the CNTs to be exploited at the micro‐ and macroscale, with potential applications in tissue engineering, sensors, and wearable electronics. This review presents the underlying chemistry behind the CNT‐based biohybrid materials and discusses the future directions of the field.
Electronic Metal–Support Interaction of Single‐Atom Catalysts and Applications in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Li Wenhao , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe electronic metal–support interaction (EMSI), which acts as a bridge between theoretical electronic study and the design of heterogenous catalysts, has attracted much attention. Utilizing the interaction between the metal and the support is one of the most essential strategies to enhance electrocatalytic efficiency due to structural and synergetic promotion. To date, as the ideal model for realizing EMSI, many types of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been developed. The understanding of the electronic interaction on SACs has also been pushed to a higher level. However, systematic theories and operando experiments are seldom reported, and will be necessary to put forward and be carried out, respectively. Herein, the types, characterization, mechanism, and electrocatalytic applications of EMSI are comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition to the basic information above, the challenges, opportunities, and future development of the EMSI on SACs are also proposed to present an overall view and reference to the later research.
Ionic Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks for Ion‐Responsive Antimicrobial Membranes
Authors: Liu Bai‐Tong , Pan Xiao‐Hong , Nie Dan‐Yue , Hu Xiao‐Jing , Liu En‐Ping , Liu Tian‐Fu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFunctionalization of hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) for specific applications has been a long‐lasting challenge in HOF materials. Here, an efficient way to integrate functional species in the HOF structure through constructing an anionic framework is presented. The obtained HOFs, taking PFC‐33 (PFC = porous materials from FJIRSM,CAS) as an example, integrate a porphyrin photosensitizer as a porous backbone and a commercial biocide as counterions in the structure. The permanent channels and the electrostatic interaction between the framework and the counterions provide PFC‐33 ion‐responsive biocide‐release behavior in various physiological environments, thus exhibiting synergistic photodynamic and chemical antimicrobial efficiency. The unbonded carboxyl groups residing on the HOF surface further allow for manipulating the interfacial interaction between the PFC‐33 and the polymer matrix for membrane fabrication. Therefore, a polyHOF membrane with high stability, desired flexibility, and good permeability is obtained, which demonstrates noticeable bacterial inhibition toward Escherichia coli. This study may shed light on the functionalization of HOF materials for broad application potentials.
Cyclization of Polarized Divinyl Ketones under Aqueous and Ambient Conditions
Authors: Yadykov Anton V. , Yaminova Liana V. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. , Shirinian Valerii Z. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn ‘on‐water’ protocol has been developed for the synthesis of combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4) analogues by cyclization of polarized triaryldivinyl ketones using hydrochloric acid as a promoter in 45–95% yields. The reaction time was reduced by about 30 times due to ultrasonic irradiation at ambient temperature. The other advantages of this new method are operational simplicity, easy workup, no column purification, and applicability on a gram‐scale. It was shown that the amphiphilicity of the substrate and a low energy barrier of the reaction are a prerequisite for electrophilic and concerted reactions under aqueous and ambient conditions.magnified image
A Metal‐ and Azide‐free Oxidative Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines and their Application to Construct C−C and C‐P Bonds, 2‐Cyclopropylquinolines and Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines
Authors: Shang Zhi‐Hao , Zhang Zhen‐Xiao , Weng Wei‐Zhao , Wang Yu‐Fei , Cheng Tian‐Wei , Zhang Qiu‐Yi , Song Li‐Qun , Shao Tian‐Qi , Liu Kai‐Xuan , Zhu Yan‐Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn iodine‐promoted one‐pot cascade oxidative annulation reaction has been developed for the synthesis of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5‐a]quinolines from methyl azaarenes and N‐tosylhydrazines. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and can be easily scaled up to gram‐scale. 1,2,3‐Triazoles are an important skeletal structure for the construction of C−C and C−P bonds, 2‐cyclopropylquinolines and imidazo[1,5‐a]quinolines, for which different synthetic applications were explored.magnified image
High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Operational Stability via n‐Type Small Molecule Additive‐Assisted Defect Passivation
Authors: Koo Donghwan , Cho Yongjoon , Kim Ungsoo , Jeong Gyujeong , Lee Junghyun , Seo Jihyung , Yang Changduk , Park Hyesung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSignificant efforts have been devoted to modulating the grain size and improving the film quality of perovskite in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Adding materials to the perovskite is especially promising for high‐performance PSCs, because the additives effectively control the crystal structure. Although the additive engineering approach has substantially boosted the efficiency of PSCs, instability of the perovskite film has remained a primary bottleneck for the commercialization of PSCs. Herein, a newly conceived bithiophene‐based n‐type conjugated small molecule (Y‐Th2) is introduced to PSCs, which simultaneously enhances the performance and stability of the cell. The Y‐Th2 effectively passivates the defect states in perovskite through Lewis acid–base interactions, increasing the grain size and quality of the perovskite absorber. An inverted PSC containing the Y‐Th2 additive achieves a power conversion efficiency of 21.5%, versus 18.3% in the reference device. The operational stability is also considerably enhanced by the improved hydrophobicity and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the perovskite.
In Situ Hard‐Template Synthesis of Hollow Bowl‐Like Carbon: A Potential Versatile Platform for Sodium and Zinc Ion Capacitors
Authors: Fei Rixin , Wang Huanwen , Wang Qiang , Qiu Ruyun , Tang Shasha , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Gong Yansheng , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal‐ion capacitors are being widely studied to reach a balance between power and energy output by combining the merits of conventional batteries and capacitors. The main challenge for Na‐ion capacitors is that the battery‐type anode usually has unsatisfactory power density and long‐term stability since most Na host materials have a poor kinetic and structural stability. Herein, asymmetric hollow bowl‐like carbon (HBC) materials are rationally designed and fabricated through an in situ hard‐template approach. The formation originates from a subtle control of capillary force and the mechanical strength of the carbon shell. The HBCs possess abundant mesopores, high volumes of accessible surface area as well as an open macropore network. As a 3D host, MoSe2 nanocrystals are anchored onto the HBC matrix by a solid‐phase reaction. The obtained MoSe2@HBC nanobowl electrode exhibits pseudocapacitive sodium storage with fast kinetics, improved capacity at high currents, and cycle stability, which is also supported by DFT calculations. Sodium ion capacitor full cells are fabricated using the two bowl‐like architectures (MoSe2@HBC as the anode and HBC as the cathode), which deliver high energy and power densities, long cycle life, and a comparably low self‐discharge rate. Moreover, application of the HBC in a zinc‐ion capacitor (ZIC) is also demonstrated.
Pd‐Catalyzedortho‐C−H Olefination of Benzenesulfonamides Directed by 7‐Azaindole
Authors: Huo Xing , Han Jun , Yan Xiaoxiao , Zhang Heng , Xiong Juan , Liu Jian , Wang Xiaolei , Li Huilin , Huo Leiming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDemonstrated herein is a Pd‐catalyzedortho‐C−H olefination of benzenesulfonamides using 7‐azaindole as the directing group. This reaction proceeds with exclusiveorthoselectivity, high efficiency and broad substrate scope. This method also provides access to sulfonic acids andortho‐alkylated sulfonamides. Control experiments provides some insightful evidences to the mechanism and the plausible catalytic cycle is proposed to go through a unique seven‐membered palladacycle species.
Boosting the Energy Density of Aqueous Batteries via Facile Grotthuss Proton Transport
Authors: Zhao Qinghe , Song Aoye , Zhao Wenguang , Qin Runzhi , Ding Shouxiang , Chen Xin , Song Yongli , Yang Luyi , Lin Hai , Li Shunning , Pan Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recent developments in rechargeable aqueous batteries have witnessed a burgeoning interest in the mechanism of proton transport in the cathode materials. Herein, for the first time, we report the Grotthuss proton transport mechanism in α‐MnO2 which features wide [2×2] tunnels. Exemplified by the substitution doping of Ni (≈5 at.%) in α‐MnO2 that increases the energy density of the electrode by ≈25 %, we reveal a close link between the tetragonal‐orthorhombic (TO) distortion of the lattice and the diffusion kinetics of protons in the tunnels. Experimental and theoretical results verify that Ni dopants can exacerbate the TO distortion during discharge, thereby facilitating the hydrogen bond formation in bulk α‐MnO2. The isolated direct hopping mode of proton transport is switched to a facile concerted mode, which involves the formation and concomitant cleavage of O−H bonds in a proton array, namely via Grotthuss proton transport mechanism. Our study provides important insight towards the understanding of proton transport in MnO2 and can serve as a model for the compositional design of cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous batteries.
Degradation of flame retardance: A comparison of ethylene‐vinyl acetate and low‐density polyethylene cables with two different metal hydroxides
Authors: Tan Yi , Wachtendorf Volker , Kukofka Tobias , Klack Patrick , Ruder Jörg , Lin Xuebao , Schartel Bernhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe durability of flame retardancy is a challenge for cables over long lifetimes. The degradation of flame retardance is investigated in two kinds of exposures, artificial weathering and humidity. In this basic study, typical mineral flame retardants in two polymers frequently used in cable jackets are investigated to get the fundamental picture. Aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MDH) are compared in ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), and further in EVA and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) cables containing the same ATH. The changes in chemical structure at the surface are studied through attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), the formation of cracks, and changes in color are investigated. The cone calorimeter and a bench scale fire testing cable module are utilized to evaluate the fire behavior of the cables. Although the flame retardancy deteriorated slightly, it survived harsh exposure conditions for 2000 h. Compared to EVA/MDH and LLDPE/ATH, the fire behavior of EVA/ATH is the least sensitive. Taken together, all of the results converge to estimate that there will be no problem with flame retardancy performance, for materials subjected to natural exposure for several years; the durability of fire retardancy is questionable for longer periods, and thus requires further investigation.
Biodegradability and improved mechanical performance of polyhydroxyalkanoates/agave fiber biocomposites compatibilized by different strategies
Authors: Gallardo‐Cervantes Miguel , González‐García Yolanda , Pérez‐Fonseca Aida Alejandra , González‐López Martín Esteban , Manríquez‐González Ricardo , Rodrigue Denis , Robledo‐Ortíz Jorge Ramón 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, biocomposites made of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with natural fibers were produced via compression molding. In particular, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) were reinforced with 20 wt% of agave fibers. Different compatibilization strategies were investigated to improve the fiber‐matrix interaction: fiber surface treatment in PHA solution, fiber surface treatment in maleated PHA solution, fiber propionylation, and extrusion with maleated PHA. The biocomposites were characterized in terms of morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption, and biodegradability by CO2production tracking. In general, fiber propionylation was the best strategy for mechanical properties enhancement and water uptake decreasing. Biocomposites with propionylated fibers showed improved flexural strength (170% for PHB and 84% for PHBV). The flexural modulus was also enhanced with propionylated fibers up to 19% and 18% compared to uncompatibilized biocomposites (PHB and PHBV, respectively). Tensile strength increased by 16% (PHB) and 14% (PHBV), and the water absorption was reduced using propionylated fibers going from 6.6% to 4.4% compared with biocomposites with untreated fibers. Most importantly, the impact strength was also improved for all biocomposites by up to 96% compared with the neat PHA matrices. Finally, it was found that the compatibilization did not negatively modify the PHA biodegradability.