bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights into the role of imaging in polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Camellino Dario , Duftner Christina , Dejaco Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PMR is an inflammatory rheumatic disease of elderly people characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulder and pelvic girdles. No specific diagnostic confirmatory tests exist and clinical symptoms, as well as increased acute phase reactants, are unspecific. The diagnostic value of imaging including ultrasound, MRI and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) with/without CT for PMR is increasingly studied. These techniques, particularly FDG-PET/CT, may help to detect underlying GCA in PMR patients with an incomplete response to glucocorticoids and/or recurrent relapses. Recent imaging studies provide novel insights into the anatomical basis of inflammation in PMR, particularly at hip and spine, which may help to distinguish this disease from other mimicking conditions. In this review, we discuss novel insights into the pathoanatomy of PMR, compare the diagnostic values of different imaging techniques and summarize current data on the role of imaging for monitoring and outcome prediction.
Cortical Tuning is Impaired After Perceptual Experience in Primary Visual Cortex of Serotonin Transporter-Deficient Mice
Authors: Pak Alexandr , Chubykin Alexander A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is crucial for the proper development of neuronal circuits early in life and their refinement throughout adulthood. Its signaling is tightly regulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT), alterations of which were implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Animal models lacking a functional SERT variant display diverse phenotypes, including increased anxiety, social communication deficits, and altered cortical development. However, it remains unclear how SERT disruption affects sensory processing and experience-dependent learning in adulthood. It has been previously shown that perceptual experience leads to the development of visual familiarity-evoked theta oscillations in mouse V1. Here, we discovered that familiarity-evoked theta oscillations were longer and less stimulus specific in SERT knockout (KO) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, while the overall visual response properties were similar in naive mice, orientation and spatial frequency processing were significantly impaired in SERT KO compared with WT or SERT heterozygous mice following perceptual experience. Our findings shed more light on the mechanism of familiarity-evoked oscillations and highlight the importance of serotonin signaling in perceptual learning.
Comparative phylogeography between parasitic sucking lice and their host the Namaqua rock mouse, Micaelamys namaquensis (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Bothma Johannes C , Matthee Sonja , Matthee Conrad A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms affecting parasite gene dispersal and subsequent evolution, we investigated mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogeographic structures of two ectoparasitic louse species, Polyplax praomydis and Hoplopleura patersoni, and compared this to their host Micaelamys namaquensis. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data derived from 13 geographic populations resulted in the detection of distinct phylogenetic clades within the parasite and host species. Strong support for host–parasite co-divergence was found over larger geographic scales but failed to show complete co-divergence over fine geographic scales. This finding led to the partial rejection of the hypothesis that the evolution of species-specific permanent parasites will mirror the phylogeographic pattern of their host. JANE co-phylogenetic reconstructions support the notion that host switching best explains the discrepancies in geographic patterns. We conclude that host specificity and permanency on the host only plays a partial role in maintaining co-divergences between parasites and their hosts.
Placenta-Derived Cell Therapy to Treat Patients With Respiratory Failure Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Barkama Ravit , Mayo Ami , Paz Alona , Solopov Anna , Mann Tal , Vadasz Zahava , Appel Tal , Ofir Racheli , Shani Liran , Sheleg Michal , Allen Hoshea , Shaked Nitzan Rony , Tsarfaty Nurit , Gilad Hadar , Birch Thomas , Kachel Erez , Reinke Petra , Volk Hans-Dieter , Zalts Ronen , Raz Pasteur Ayelet 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To determine whether placental cell therapy PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD (Pluristem Therapeutics, Haifa, Israel) may be beneficial to treating critically ill patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019.

Design:
Retrospective case report of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients treated with PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD from March 26, 2020, to April 4, 2020, with follow-up through May 2, 2020.

Setting:
Four hospitals in Israel (Rambam Health Care Campus, Bnai Zion Medical Center, and Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital), and Holy Name Medical Center in New Jersey.

Patients:
Eight critically ill patients on invasive mechanical ventilation, suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019.

Interventions:
Intramuscular injection of PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD (300 × 106 cells) given as one to two treatments.

Measurements and Main Results:
Mortality, time to discharge, and changes in blood and respiratory variables were monitored during hospitalization to day 17 posttreatment. Of the eight patients treated (median age 55 yr, seven males and one female), five were discharged, two remained hospitalized, and one died. By day 3 postinjection, mean C-reactive protein fell 45% (240.3–131.3 mg/L; p = 0.0019) and fell to 77% by day 5 (56.0 mg/L; p < 0.0001). Pao
2/Fio
2 improved in 5:8 patients after 24-hour posttreatment, with similar effects 48-hour posttreatment. A decrease in positive end-expiratory pressure and increase in pH were statistically significant between days 0 and 14 (p = 0.0032 and p = 0.00072, respectively). A decrease in hemoglobin was statistically significant for days 0–5 and 0–14 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.0028, respectively), whereas for creatinine, it was statistically significant between days 0 and 14 (p = 0.032).

Conclusions:
Improvement in several variables such as C-reactive protein, positive end-expiratory pressure, and Pao
2/Fio
2 was observed following PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD treatment, suggesting possible therapeutic effect. However, interpretation of the data is limited due to the small sample size, use of concomitant investigational therapies, and the uncontrolled study design. The efficacy of PLacental eXpanded (PLX)-PAD in coronavirus disease 2019 should be further evaluated in a controlled clinical trial.
Female Athlete Hip Injuries: A Narrative Review
Authors: Borgstrom Haylee , McInnis Kelly C. 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
In this narrative review, we highlight sex-specific anatomic and biomechanical features of the hip region in female athletes, as well as the potential impact of these characteristics on observed disparities in both intra-articular and extra-articular injury patterns between female and male athletes. It is our goal to broaden the scope of knowledge related to hip pathology in active female athletes among sports medicine providers with the hope of better optimizing sport participation and performance in female athletes.

Data Sources:
A literature review was conducted using PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine. Search terms included sport, female, athlete, sex differences, injury, hip, and all diagnoses discussed in this review. Cross-reference of these articles identified additional resources.

Main Results:
Sex-specific differences in both static design and dynamic function contribute to disparities in hip injury patterns between female and male athletes. Intra-articular injuries, including labral and ligamentum teres pathology, as well as extra-articular injuries, including iliopsoas tendon dysfunction, gluteal and proximal hamstring tendinopathy, ischiofemoral impingement, bone stress injuries, and certain nerve entrapment syndromes, seem to affect female athletes more commonly than male counterparts.

Conclusions:
Given unique anatomic and functional considerations, the growing population of female athletes worldwide warrants specialized care and consideration. Potential predisposition to specific hip injuries should be taken into consideration during diagnostic evaluation of hip pain in the female athlete.
Clinical applications of artificial intelligence in urologic oncology
Authors: Hosein Sharif , Reitblat Chanan R. , Cone Eugene B. , Trinh Quoc-Dien 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
This review aims to shed light on recent applications of artificial intelligence in urologic oncology.

Recent findings
Artificial intelligence algorithms harness the wealth of patient data to assist in diagnosing, staging, treating, and monitoring genitourinary malignancies. Successful applications of artificial intelligence in urologic oncology include interpreting diagnostic imaging, pathology, and genomic annotations. Many of these algorithms, however, lack external validity and can only provide predictions based on one type of dataset.

Summary
Future applications of artificial intelligence will need to incorporate several forms of data in order to truly make headway in urologic oncology. Researchers must actively ensure future artificial intelligence developments encompass the entire prospective patient population.
Spring Cranioplasty: Incorporation Into Practice
Authors: Pearson Gregory , Khansa Ibrahim , Drapeau Annie 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to discuss ways to incorporate spring-assisted cranioplasty into the surgical armamentarium for craniosynostosis.

Background:
Spring-assisted cranioplasty after cranial suturectomy for craniosynostosis was popularized in the literature by Dr Lauritzen in 2008 after reporting the results of the first 100 cases.
1
Since that time, more craniofacial surgeons and neurological surgeons have incorporated this surgical technique for treatment of patients presenting with craniosynostosis. This paper will discuss how the team at Nationwide Children's Hospital has incorporated spring-assisted cranioplasty into the care of patients presenting with sagittal synostosis.

Methods:
In this article, the authors review our previous protocol for the treatment of children with sagittal synostosis prior to the introduction of spring cranioplasty. The authors then describe the impetus for incorporating spring-assisted cranioplasty for sagittal synostosis into our practice, and barriers we encountered during this implementation. The authors then discuss their current, comprehensive protocol for treating children with sagittal craniosynostosis. Finally, the authors review the expected and unexpected advantages that our craniofacial program has experienced as they implemented spring-assisted cranioplasty.

Conclusion:
Incorporation of spring-assisted cranioplasty for sagittal synostosis offers an additional minimally invasive technique, which presents great advantages for many families, and is rewarding for both craniofacial and neurological surgeons.
Sirolimus as a Potential Treatment for Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Sun Buhao , Han Tao , Wang Yuan , Gao Qingwen , Cui Jie , Shen Weimin 
Published: September 2020

Background:Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by port-wine stain, leptomeningeal angiomatosis, and glaucoma. Due to the involvement of the nervous system, patients are often accompanied with epilepsy. It reported that 75% of patients with SWS did not respond to standard antiepileptic drugs. Although hemispherectomy is effective in treating these patients, the application of it has been limited due to high risk and huge trauma. Recent studies have shown that sirolimus has a positive on complex vascular malformations and seizures, so the authors attempted to treat them by using sirolimus.Methods:The authors retrospectively analyzed 6 patients with SWS who were refractory to antiepileptic drugs and accepted oral sirolimus in their department between 2017 and 2020.Results:All 6 patients were responsive to oral sirolimus treatment. Epilepsy was controlled in all patients, no epilepsy relapsed in 6 patients during the follow-up period. The facial port-wine stain of the patients were all lightened and the hypertrophy of pathological tissue was improved. Only minor adverse reactions occurred during the treatment.Conclusions:Oral sirolimus could control the occurrence of epilepsy and improve the appearance, with minor and tolerable adverse reactions. Sirolimus is especially suitable for patients with severe epilepsy, failure, or contraindications of antiepileptic drugs; it could be an alternative method for patients who are unwilling to accept the risks of neurosurgery.
Assessment of Internal Carotid Artery Invasion With the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach: Implications of a New Grading System and Security Strategy
Authors: Zhang Huankang , Sun Xicai , Yu Huapeng , Zhao Weidong , Zhao Keqing , Liu Quan , Wang Dehui , Yu Hongmeng 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Internal carotid artery (ICA) injury during the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for ventral cranial base tumors is rare but fatal.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ventral cranial base tumors and corresponding ICA using quantitative means to improve the safety of surgery.

Material and Methods:
In this retrospective study, a total of 46 patients with ventral cranial base tumors undergoing surgery with the EEA were enrolled. Preoperative imaging features and clinical data were recorded. The influencing factors of the gross total resection (GTR) rate were analyzed. A new grading system and security strategy were developed.

Results:
Postoperative enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a GTR of 61.7%. There was a significant correlation between the GTR rate and tumors surrounding the ICA, the tumor site, the involved ICA segment, and the blood supply (P < 0.05). We included preoperative radiotherapy as supplementary data in the grading system. Each variable involved the letter “S”; (surround, site, segment, blood supply, supplementary data); hence, the system was named the 5S ICA grading scale.

Conclusion:
We recommend a safety assessment through the 5S ICA grading scale and the ICA grading strategy to obtain the maximum total resection rate while ensuring patient safety.
Oral Surgery in Patients With Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Authors: Carvalho Vinícius Almeida , Dallazen Eduardo , Statkievicz Cristian , da Rosa Denise Furtado , Stabile Glaykon Alex Vitti , Pereira-Stabile Cecilia Luiz , Iecher Borges Hedelson Odenir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Sturge-Weber syndrome (SSW) is a congenital neurocutaneous malformation, with angiomas involving the leptomeningea and facial skin. This syndrome is characterized by corticocerebral angiomatosis, cerebral calcifications, ocular affections, mental retardation, increased risk of stroke, counterlateral hemiplegia, and seizures. Another important feature of SSW is the flameus nevus on the face. In the oral cavity, SSW appears as hemangiomatous lesions affecting the mucous membranes and occasionally the dental pulp. Gingival hyperplasia may be present due to the use of anticonvulsant drugs. The present article reports the management of 2 female patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome who required oral surgery in regions affected by hemangiomatous lesions. In the first case, no hemostatic agents were necessary. On the other hand, the second case required the use of several hemostatic agents to control hemorrhage during surgery. Both patients recovered uneventfully without episodes of bleeding or infection.
Pentraxin-3, Troponin T, N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Septic Patients
Authors: Vassalli Francesco , Masson Serge , Meessen Jennifer , Pasticci Iacopo , Bonifazi Matteo , Vivona Luigi , Caironi Pietro , Busana Mattia , Giosa Lorenzo , Macrì Matteo Maria , Romitti Federica , Novelli Deborah , Quintel Michael , Latini Roberto , Gattinoni Luciano 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the behavior of pentraxin-3 (PTX3), troponin T (hsTnT), N-terminal pro-B type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in sepsis and their relationships with sepsis severity and oxygen transport/utilization impairment.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of PTX3, hsTnT, NT-proBNP levels at day 1, 2, and 7 after admission in the intensive care unit in a subset of the Albumin Italian Outcome Sepsis database.

Setting:
Forty Italian intensive care units.

Patients:
Nine hundred fifty-eight septic patients enrolled in the randomized clinical trial comparing albumin replacement plus crystalloids and crystalloids alone.

Interventions:
The patients were divided into sextiles of lactate (marker of severity), ScvO2 (marker of oxygen transport), and fluid balance (marker of therapeutic strategy).

Measurements and Main Results:
PTX3 and hsTnT were remarkably similar in the two treatment arms, while NT-proBNP was almost double in the albumin treatment group. However, as the distribution of all these biomarkers was similar between control and treatment arms, for the sake of clarity, we analyzed the patients as a single cohort. PTX3 (71.8 [32.9–186.3] ng/mL), hsTnT (50.4 [21.6–133.6] ng/L), and NT-proBNP (4,393 [1,313–13,837] ng/L) were abnormally elevated in 100%, 84.5%, 93.4% of the 953 patients and all decreased from day 1 to day 7. PTX3 monotonically increased with increasing lactate levels. The hsTnT levels were significantly higher when ScvO2 levels were abnormally low (< 70%), suggesting impaired oxygen transport compared with higher ScvO2 levels, suggesting impaired oxygen utilization. NT-proBNP was higher with higher lactate and fluid balance. At ScvO2 levels < 70%, the NT-proBNP was higher than at higher ScvO2 levels. However, even with higher ScvO2, the NT-proBNP was remarkably elevated, suggesting volume expansion. Increased level of NT-proBNP showed the strongest association with 90-day mortality.

Conclusions:
The selected biomarkers seem related to different mechanisms during sepsis: PTX3 to sepsis severity, hsTnT to impaired oxygen transport, NT-proBNP to sepsis severity, oxygen transport, and aggressive fluid strategy.
Association Between Doppler Snuffbox Resistive Index and Tissue Perfusion in Septic Patients
Authors: Wang Cui , Wang Xiaoting , Zhang Hongmin , Su Longxiang , Huang Wei , Liu Dawei 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Peripheral vascular disorders leading to tissue hypoperfusion play a central role in the pathophysiology of organ failure in septic shock. The Doppler snuffbox resistive index (SBRI) can be an accurate parameter to evaluate the status of peripheral vasculature at the bedside. We evaluated whether the SBRI is related to lactate levels or the peripheral perfusion index (PI) and its ability to predict lactate clearance in septic patients.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective observational study in a tertiary general and teaching hospital in China. From July 2019 to December 2019, all consecutive adult patients with septic shock who required intensive care unit admission were included. At the same time, 20 stable postoperative patients were studied as a control group. We recorded the hemodynamic parameters, including the SBRI and PI, which were measured simultaneously after patient recruitment.

Results:
We evaluated 44 patients with septic shock in the study group and 20 stable postoperative patients in the control group. Patients with septic shock had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, procalcitonin levels, cardiac index (CI) and lactate levels than patients in the control group. The SBRI was correlated with the PI and lactate level. The CI was not correlated with lactate level in the patients examined. Based on lactate clearance in the first 6 h, the septic shock patients were divided into two groups: one with lactate clearance ≥20% (n = 28) and the other with lactate clearance <20% (n = 16). The CI was not significantly different between the two groups. The SBRI of the lactate clearance <20% group was higher than that of the lactate clearance ≥20% group and the control group. The PI of the lactate clearance <20% group was lower than that of the lactate clearance ≥20% group and the control group. The SBRI cutoff value for predicting 6-h lactate clearance after resuscitation was ≥1.09, with a sensitivity of 68.8% and a specificity of 85.7%. The PI cutoff value for predicting 6-h lactate clearance after resuscitation was ≤0.99, with a sensitivity of 64.3% and a specificity of 81.2%. The SBRI was significantly better than the PI for predicting 6-h lactate clearance after resuscitation (area under the curve: 0.805 vs. 0.703, P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The Doppler SBRI is correlated with tissue perfusion parameters in critically ill patients. An abnormal SBRI may be better than the PI for predicting poor lactate clearance in septic patients. Further investigations are required to determine whether correcting an abnormal SBRI and PI may improve the success rate of septic shock resuscitation.
Utilization of the Falciform Ligament to Buttress the Pancreatic Transection Staple Line: A Novel Technique
Authors: Ammori Basil J. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains a common complication after distal pancreatectomy and is a major source of operative morbidity. Although various mechanical, biological, and synthetic aids have been used to reduce the risk of POPF, none have a proven benefit.

Materials and Methods:
The authors describe (and present a video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SLE/A256) a novel technique in which the autologous falciform ligament was harvested, wrapped around the pancreas at the site of proposed pancreatic transection, and secured with sutures to buttress the pancreatic transection staple line. The pancreas was then transected with a triple-row stapler.

Results:
Two male patients aged 40 and 57 years each with a 4.3 and 4.2 cm solid mass in the body of the pancreas respectively underwent laparoscopic anterior radical antegrade modular pancreaticosplenectomy, the former patient underwent an en block transverse colectomy for suspected malignancy. Both patients had soft pancreata. They experienced no POPF, made an uneventful recovery, and were discharged from the hospital on the second and fourth postoperative days, respectively. No pancreatic complications were encountered at 5 and 6 months follow-up, respectively.

Conclusions:
The use of the falciform ligament to buttress the staple line at the time of pancreatic transection is a novel technique. Its potential benefit in reducing the risk of POPF warrants further assessment.