bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Muldoon James 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The conclusion addresses the council movements’ widespread demands for the radical transformation of German society and for the democratization of politics and the economy. It frames these as the extension of democratic principles throughout society. It then traces the shift from the council movements to the later development of council communist political thought. While many of the underlying conditions that led to the emergence of councils have shifted since their emergence over a century ago, the conclusion outlines how reflection on the councils could influence building workers’ power today. The conclusion also reaffirms the council theorists’ vision of the radical reorganization of social relations towards a self-determining society.
Crisis Politics in Surplus Countries
Authors: Walter Stefanie , Ray Ari , Redeker Nils 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates how distributional conflicts between economic interest groups interacted with the preferences and priorities of voters and political elites in shaping crisis outcomes in surplus countries. Leveraging public opinion data, qualitative evidence, and information gathered in thirty interviews with policymakers and group representatives for a comparative case study, the chapter analyzes why surplus-country governments remained hesitant toward bailouts and alternative financing and why—even though interest group conflicts about internal adjustment policies looked very similar—Germany, Austria and the Netherlands varied in the extent to which they engaged in domestic expansion during the crisis. It shows that gridlock amongst interest groups about how to adjust internally is especially likely to result in non-adjustment in contexts in which voters give little priority to boosting domestic demand and domestic political elites are able to design crisis responses in concordance with their own ideological convictions. However, in contexts in which the domestic economic climate makes economic reforms become a politically salient issue, policymakers have large incentives to overrule the gridlock amongst interest groups. As a result, even highly export-oriented countries implement measures that boost domestic demand and lead to a meaningful rebalancing of the current account.
Introduction
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The introduction establishes the context for the book by describing the literary, critical, and historical contexts for its readings of Irish coastal literature from the late nineteenth century to the present. It describes the recent history of critical discussion of water and the sea in relation to literature globally, and connects this history to connected projects in the Irish and British archipelago, establishing how this book is interested principally in the many moments of transition between land and sea that occur in Irish literature. It proceeds by tracing the various and changing ways in which the coast, the sea, and the ocean have shaped the operations of a series of interconnected literary and visual works that radiate from the island’s shores. The collective presence of these hydro-cultures invites a different perspective on literature and history that complements the comparative study of Ireland in four nations, Atlantic, and oceanic histories.
Fluidity and Form in Hamilton, Banville, and Enright
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter offers readings of three recent Irish novels that take water, the coast, history, and family as their subject: Hugo Hamilton’s The Speckled People, first published in 2003; John Banville’s The Sea, which won the Booker Prize when it was published in 2005; and Anne Enright’s The Gathering, which also won the Booker when it was published in 2007. The chapter explores these novels as experiments in a liquid prose whose porous narratives complicate ideas of memory and belonging. Mournful and resilient, The Gathering is one of the best written and most relentless novels in modern Irish fiction. Like The Speckled People and The Sea, it is speculative and uncertain, Enright’s reflections on family and attachment shaped, like those of Hamilton and Banville, by an intense awareness of water as a resource for imagery and characterization capable of representing the complexity of the evaporating moment.
Classical Gauge Field Theory
Authors: Canarutto Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter a sketch of Lagrangian field theory on jet bundles, the notion of a gauge field is introduced as a section of an affine bundle which is naturally constructed without any involvement with structure groups. An original approach to gauge field theory in terms of covariant differentials (alternative to the jet bundle approach) is then developed, and the adaptations needed in order to deal with general theories are laid out. A careful exposition of the replacement principle allows comparisons with approaches commonly found in the literature.
The neglect of desire
Authors: Hole Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 examines the intellectual, ecclesial, and wider cultural context underpinning the diverse modern interpretations of John’s thought. Twentieth-century studies of John, for all their methodological variety, have been dominated by three traditions of interpretation that have only grasped partial elements in his teaching, important though these elements are. These traditions have emphasized the importance of ‘affectivity’ in the spiritual life, the meanings of ‘mysticism’ or ‘mystical experience’, and the theological significance of John’s poetic language. Each strand of thought, however, originates from particular early twentieth-century theological and philosophical commitments whose legacy continues to inform present-day reading of John. Recognition of the extent to which previous works have been shaped by disciplinary boundaries that took their shape in the last century enables a renewed appreciation of John’s theology on its own terms. Through this insight aspects of his work that have all too often been split between spirituality, mysticism, literary studies, and theological anthropology—in particular, his creative reworking of the notion of desire—may be better appreciated.
Language, form, and imagery in John’s poetry
Authors: Hole Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 turns to John’s poetry, the first genre in which he wrote and the foundational form of his thought. In their imaginative, narratival depiction of the inner life of the Trinity, John’s Romances explore the communicative nature of language, examining how the loving desire that constitutes the pneumatological bond of Father and Son is also is to be found in the creativity of language itself. John is certainly intrigued by the limits of language that are encountered in the spiritual ascent, which he explores in his glosa and copla poems by playing in various fashions on the theme of the paradoxes involved in human union with the divine. Yet his lira poems, which serve as the basis for his prose commentaries, show him to be chiefly animated by the value of the language and imagery of erotic desire for the depiction of the spiritual ascent. The form and imagery of these poems present a heightened sense of the erotic potential of language itself, which in its very superabundance and excess supports the poem’s accounts of the lovers’ yearning and consummation. Through his poetry, therefore, John presents erotic desire as a force that propels the soul towards its goal, and whose eventual realization in union with God may be meaningfully depicted through the superabundant deployment of images and language drawn from human sexual love.
Soundness, Epistemology, and Frege’s Project
Authors: Weiner Joan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInsofar as the use of natural language to introduce, discuss, and argue about features of a formal system is metatheoretic, there can be no doubt: Frege has a metatheory. But what kind of metatheory? Although the model theoretic semantics with which we are familiar today is a post-Fregean development, most believe that Frege offers a proto-soundness proof for his logic that intrinsically exploits a truth predicate and metalinguistic variables. In this chapter it is argued that he neither uses, nor has any need to use, a truth predicate or metalinguistic variables in justifications of his basic laws and rules. The purpose of the discussions that are typically understood as constituting Frege’s metatheory is, rather, elucidatory. And once we see what the aim of these particular elucidations is, we can explain Frege’s otherwise puzzling eschewal of the truth predicate in his discussions of the justification of the laws and rules of inference.
International Standards for CCPs
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After the crisis, following the mandatory central clearing of derivatives, CCPs became crucial nodes of the financial system. Thus, new rules to improve their resilience, recovery, and resolution were issued. Initially, the division of work amongst international standard-setting bodies was unclear and international standards on CCPs lacked granularity. Subsequently, the division of work was clarified and relatively more precise, stringent, and consistent rules on CCPs were issued. The US and the UK were pace-setters internationally and partial first-movers domestically. The EU had preferences that were largely aligned with those of the US. Transgovernmental networks operating in international standard-setting bodies deployed formal and informal tools to promote regulatory consistency within the elemental regime on CCPs. Finally, financial interests mobilized in a variety of venues with a view towards shaping the content of the new standards on the basis of expected costs and benefits.
Conclusions
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This concluding chapter, first, carries out an overall assessment of the post-crisis international regulation of derivatives and teases out outstanding issues. It compares the regulatory dynamics of various elemental regimes concerning derivatives markets, underscoring similarities and differences, and explaining how regime complexity was managed with a view to promoting rule precision, stringency, and consistency. The second section summarizes the main theoretical and empirical findings of the research. The last section details the book’s wider empirical and theoretical contributions to the field as well as providing recommendations for future research. Among other things, further research could investigate and compare regime complexity in a variety of policy areas, inside and outside of the field of finance. It would be interesting to assess which explanations ‘travel’ better across policy areas, and which dynamics, instead, are more distinctive of a specific policy area.
The Trouble with Foreign Investor Protection
Authors: Van Harten Gus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Governments are rightly discussing reform of investment treaties, and of the powerful system of ‘investor–state dispute settlement’ (ISDS) upon which they rest. It is therefore important to be clear about the crux of the problem. ISDS treaties are flawed fundamentally because they firmly institute wealth-based inequality under international law. That is, they use cross-border ownership of assets, mostly by multinationals and billionaires, as the gateway to extraordinary protections, while denying equivalent safeguards to those who lack the wealth required to qualify as foreign investors. The treaties thus have the main effect of safeguarding an awe-inspiring set of rights and privileges for the ultra-wealthy at the expense of countries and their populations. This book shows how ISDS came to explode in a global context of extreme concentration of wealth and of widespread poverty. The history of early ISDS treaties is highlighted to show their ties to decolonization and, sometimes, extreme violence and authoritarianism. Focusing on early ISDS lawsuits and rulings reveals how a small group of lawyers and arbitrators worked to create the legal foundations for massive growth of ISDS since 2000. ISDS-based protections are examined in detail to demonstrate how they give exceptional advantages to the wealthy. Examples are offered of how the protections have been used to reconfigure state decision making and shift sovereign minds in favour of foreign investors. Finally, the ongoing efforts of governments to reform ISDS are surveyed, with a call to go further or, even better, to withdraw from the treaties.
Computation and the Function of Consciousness
Authors: Piccinini Gualtiero 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the connection between computation and consciousness. Three theses are sometimes conflated. Functionalism is the view that the mind is the functional organization of the brain. The Computational Theory of Mind (CTM) is the view that the whole mind—not only cognition but consciousness as well—has a computational explanation. When combined with the empirical discovery that the brain is the organ of the mind, CTM entails that the functional organization of the brain is computational. Computational functionalism is the conjunction of the two: the mind is the computational organization of the brain. Contrary to a common assumption, functionalism entails neither CTM nor computational functionalism. This finding makes room for an underexplored possibility: that consciousness be (at least partly) due to the functional organization of the brain without being computational in nature. This is a noncomputational version of functionalism about consciousness.
Wright on Theodicy
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Evil and the Justice of God, N. T. Wright suggests that attempting to solve the philosophical problem of evil is an immature response to the existence of evil—one that belittles the real problem, which is just that evil is bad and needs to be dealt with. If he is correct, then the vast majority of work on the problem of evil in the analytic philosophical tradition has been worthless at best, and possibly even pernicious (by virtue of trivializing a serious theological issue). This chapter identifies a kernel of truth in Wright’s objection to philosophical attempts to solve the problem of evil, and goes on to argue that some such attempts avoid Wright’s objection.
Narrative, Liturgy, and the Hiddenness of God
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 draws on recent work by Eleonore Stump and Sarah Coakley to defend a response to the problem of divine hiddenness that is consistent with the claim that God does not permit divine hiddenness in order to secure greater human goods. although this conclusion is consistent with the claim that God permits divine hiddenness for the sake of some greater good, it rules out the idea that whatever human goods may be promoted by divine hiddenness are the goods for the sake of which God remains hidden.
Group Lies
Authors: Lackey Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, an account of group lies is provided. First, whether group lies can be understood in terms of the lies of the group’s members is considered and, second, whether group lies can be characterized in terms of joint agreement by the group’s members to lie. After showing both views to be misguided, a new account of group lying is offered according to which it crucially involves the group offering a statement. In particular, because what a group says can come apart from what its individual members say, it is argued that a group might lie when no individual member lies, and a group might fail to lie even though every individual member does. A central virtue of this account is that it captures the often subtle and complex relationship that can exist between most groups and their spokespersons.
Embracing a New Profession
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Publishing The Meaning of Anxiety and having experience as a psychotherapist place May in a favorable position to be an influence on the profession. In addition to his practice, he takes the lead for the New York State Psychological Association in the legislative battle to seek a licensing law that would allow non-medical therapists from practicing without linkage to a doctor. He also found a niche at the White Institute, at first creating a pastoral counseling program linking the Institute to clergy and seminar students and then as a full-fledged member of the teaching faculty. His public and professional profile expanded with the publication of Man’s Search for Himself in 1953, a popular and accurate presentation of the ideas of Kierkegaard and Tillich, as well as his own, as they applied to everyday life in modernity. It became a bestseller.
Existential Calling
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
His work on Kierkegaard and exposure to Existentialism motivated May to collaborate with Henri Ellenberger and Ernest Angel to produce a volume, finally published in 1958, that introduced Existential Psychology to the American profession and public. Existence received wide exposure in lay and professional worlds and remains an influential text. He then participated in the founding of the, a journal called Existential Inquiries, and an APA panel that was soon published as Existential Psychology (1961). These events marked a turning point in psychotherapeutic practice and in part led to the creation of a related movement—Humanistic Psychology.
Epilogue: Life after Life
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This epilogue recounts the fate of May’s work since his death, a period of declining and then renewed interest that continues today. It deals with changes in publishing, therapy, the rise of Prozac and other psychotropic drugs and their impact on psychotherapy, the impact of HMOs, and the renewal of interest created by the circulation of his books through Amazon.com and other online booksellers. It also points to the circulation of his ideas in blogs and vlogs as well as in comments on bookstore sites.
Substitution of Deoxycholate with the Amphiphilic Polymer Amphipol A8-35 Improves the Stability of Large Protein Complexes during Native Electrophoresis
Authors: Kameo Shinsa , Aso Michiki , Furukawa Ryo , Matsumae Renon , Yokono Makio , Fujita Tomomichi , Tanaka Ayumi , Tanaka Ryouichi , Takabayashi Atsushi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a powerful technique for protein complex separation that retains both their activity and structure. In photosynthetic research, native-PAGE is particularly useful given that photosynthetic complexes are generally large in size, ranging from 200 kD to 1 MD or more. Recently, it has been reported that the addition of amphipol A8-35 to solubilized protein samples improved protein complex stability. In a previous study, we found that amphipol A8-35 could substitute sodium deoxycholate (DOC), a conventional electrophoretic carrier, in clear-native (CN)-PAGE. In this study, we present the optimization of amphipol-based CN-PAGE. We found that the ratio of amphipol A8-35 to α-dodecyl maltoside, a detergent commonly used to solubilize photosynthetic complexes, was critical for resolving photosynthetic machinery in CN-PAGE. In addition, LHCII dissociation from PSII–LHCII was effectively prevented by amphipol-based CN-PAGE compared with that of DOC-based CN-PAGE. Our data strongly suggest that majority of the PSII–LHCII in vivo forms C2S2M2 at least in Arabidopsis and Physcomitrella. The other forms might appear owing to the dissociation of LHCII from PSII during sample preparation and electrophoresis, which could be prevented by the addition of amphipol A8-35 after solubilization from thylakoid membranes. These results suggest that amphipol-based CN-PAGE may be a better alternative to DOC-based CN-PAGE for the study of labile protein complexes.
A Prospective Observational Study of Emergency Department–Initiated Physical Therapy for Acute Low Back Pain
Authors: Kim Howard S , Ciolino Jody D , Lancki Nicola , Strickland Kyle J , Pinto Daniel , Stankiewicz Christine , Courtney D Mark , Lambert Bruce L , McCarthy Danielle M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Low back pain accounts for nearly 4 million emergency department (ED) visits annually and is a significant source of disability. Physical therapy has been suggested as a potentially effective nonopioid treatment for low back pain; however, no studies to our knowledge have yet evaluated the emerging resource of ED-initiated physical therapy. The study objective was to compare patient-reported outcomes in patients receiving ED-initiated physical therapy and patients receiving usual care for acute low back pain.

Methods
This was a prospective observational study of ED patients receiving either physical therapy or usual care for acute low back pain from May 1, 2018, to May 24, 2019, at a single academic ED (&gt;91,000 annual visits). The primary outcome was pain-related functioning, assessed with Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System pain interference (PROMIS-PI) scores. The secondary outcome was use of high-risk medications (opioids, benzodiazepines, and skeletal muscle relaxants). Outcomes were compared over 3 months using adjusted linear mixed and generalized estimating equation models.

Results
For 101 participants (43 receiving ED-initiated physical therapy and 58 receiving usual care), the median age was 40.5 years and 59% were women. Baseline outcome scores in the ED-initiated physical therapy group were higher than those in the usual care group (ODI = 51.1 vs 36.0; PROMIS-PI = 67.6 vs 62.7). Patients receiving ED-initiated physical therapy had greater improvements in both ODI and PROMIS-PI scores at the 3-month follow-up (ODI = −14.4 [95% CI = −23.0 to −5.7]; PROMIS-PI = −5.1 [95% CI = −9.9 to −0.4]) and lower use of high-risk medications (odds ratio = 0.05 [95% CI = 0.01 to 0.58]).

Conclusion
In this single-center observational study, ED-initiated physical therapy for acute low back pain was associated with improvements in functioning and lower use of high-risk medications compared with usual care; the causality of these relationships remains to be explored.

Impact
ED-initiated physical therapy is a promising therapy for acute low back pain that may reduce reliance on high-risk medications while improving patient-reported outcomes.

Lay Summary
Emergency department–initiated physical therapy for low back pain was associated with greater improvement in functioning and lower use of high-risk medications over 3 months.