bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRF‐16 Inhibits Lung Cancer Progression by Hindering the N6‐Methyladenosine Modification of CPT1A mRNA
Authors: Ye Jiankui , Chen Yu , Shao Zhuowei , Wu Yili , Li You , Fang Shuai , Wu Shibo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTransfer RNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) are a new class of small non‐coding RNAs. Recent studies suggest that tRFs participate in some pathological processes. However, the biological activities and processes of tRFs in lung cancer cells remain mainly unclear. In the present investigation, we employed tRNA‐derived small RNA (tsRNA) sequencing to predict differentially expressed tsRNAs in lung cancer cells, and nine tsRNAs with significant expression alterations were validated using qPCR. Wound healing, colony formation, transwell invasion and CCK‐8 assays were performed to detect the effects of tRF‐16 on cell function. Western blotting evaluated the relationship between tRF‐16 and the IGF2BP1 axis. Our findings demonstrated that tRF‐16 expression was substantially downregulated in lung cancer cells. TRF‐16 could inhibit lung cancer cells' ability to increase, migrate, invade and obtain radiation resistance. Furthermore, tRF‐16 decreases the stability of CPT1A by impairing the binding of IGF2BP1 to CPT1A. As a result, the fatty acid metabolism in lung cancer cells was inhibited. Finally, tRF‐16 also inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation in vivo. This study shows that tRF‐16 plays a crucial regulatory role in the proliferation of lung cancer cells and may represent a novel avenue for their regulation.
Predictors of preschool attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis: a population‐based study using national registers
Authors: Gurgel Wagner , Garcia‐Argibay Miguel , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Larsson Henrik , Polanczyk Guilherme V. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThe diagnosis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool years (before age 6 years) is a marker of severity and poor prognosis. This study investigated a broad range of predictors of ADHD diagnosis during preschool age.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study using Swedish registers. The final sample consisted of all children born in Sweden between 2001 and 2007 who could be linked to both of their biological parents, excluding those who died or emigrated (n = 631,695). Follow‐up was completed December 31, 2013. Cox proportional‐hazards models for survival analysis were used to identify the predictors that increased the risk of receiving a clinical diagnosis of ADHD from 3 to 5 years. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented for each of the 41 selected predictors covering early‐onset psychiatric comorbidities, nonpsychiatric medical conditions, parental history and perinatal factors.ResultsAt the end of follow‐up, 1,686 preschoolers (2.7% of the whole sample) had received a diagnosis of ADHD. We found that 39 out of 41 predictors were associated with increased risk of a later diagnosis of preschool ADHD. Novel associations with preschool ADHD diagnosis were found for gastroesophageal reflux disease (HR = 3.48), premature contractions during pregnancy (HR = 2.03), and criminal conviction history from any parent (HR = 2.14).ConclusionsA large number of novel and well‐established predictors of preschool ADHD diagnosis were identified. This broad set of early predictors may direct future clinical research and assist in early identification of preschool ADHD.
Baseline dermoscopic patterns predict long‐term changes in nevus diameter and in dermoscopic features
Authors: Reiter Ofer , Mimouni Tomer , Scope Alon , Kurtansky Nicholas R. , Pastore Larissa , Halpern Allan C. , Marghoob Ashfaq A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhen monitoring melanocytic neoplasms, the pattern of change may distinguish nevi from melanoma. Anticipating the growth dynamics of nevi based on their dermoscopic pattern is important to make this distinction.ObjectiveThe primary aim was to examine the association between nevus dermoscopic pattern at baseline and diameter change during long‐term monitoring. The secondary aim was to examine the association between nevus dermoscopic pattern at baseline and changes in both dermoscopic pattern and colour during long‐term monitoring.MethodsThe study included high‐risk adult patients that underwent ≥2 total‐body photography (TBP) sessions, with at least 14 years' time gap between first and last sessions. Nevi on the torso, with available dermoscopic images, were included. New and disappearing nevi were defined as nevi not appearing on the first and last TBP, respectively. Nevus diameter and colour were assessed on clinical images of first and last TBP images. Dermoscopic images were analysed for dermoscopic patterns and structures at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 877 nevi from 101 patients were included. Mean follow‐up time between TBPs and between dermoscopic images was 16.7 and 11.5 years, respectively. Most nevi were reticular or structureless at baseline, but new nevi had a higher frequency of peripheral globules and smudgy patterns. Peripheral globules and diffuse negative network patterns as well as regression structures were associated with nevus diameter growth. In total, 30% and 15% of new and existing nevi, respectively, demonstrated dermoscopic pattern change, mainly transforming into reticular and structureless patterns.ConclusionsAmong high‐risk patients, nevi showing peripheral globules or negative network are more likely to grow in diameter during long‐term monitoring. Most nevi retain their overall dermoscopic pattern and those that change, mostly transform into reticular or structureless patterns.
Diagnostic challenges of acute appendicitis in preschool children: A comprehensive case‐control study
Authors: Paran Maya , Dreznik Yael , Totah Moussa , Nevo Avner , Kravarusic Dragan , Samuk Inbal 
Published: December 2024

AimAcute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency in children, yet it poses diagnostic challenges in preschool children due to atypical presentation. This case‐control study aims to evaluate the distinct characteristics of acute appendicitis in preschool compared to school‐aged children.MethodsChildren under 5 years and a control group of children aged 5–10 years, operated on due to acute appendicitis at our institution during 2009–2022 were included. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory results, imaging, surgical procedure, pathology, bacteriology, antibiotic treatment, length of stay and outcomes were collected retrospectively.ResultsA total of 184 preschool and 187 school‐aged children were included. Preschool children presented less frequently with abdominal pain but more often with vomiting, diarrhoea and fever. Preschool children had lower rates of leucocytosis but higher thrombocytosis and C reactive protein. Younger patients were more likely to undergo both chest and abdominal X‐rays and be admitted to a paediatric department before diagnosing appendicitis. Complicated appendicitis, requiring increased use of intra‐operative drain placement, and conversions to open procedures were more common in preschool children, with higher rates of ICU admission and surgical complications. Polymicrobial positive cultures and positive cultures for Bacteroides were more common in preschool children.ConclusionsThis study highlights the critical need for increased awareness among healthcare providers regarding the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical presentations of acute appendicitis in preschool children. Despite comprehensive evaluation, diagnosis in this age group may be difficult, emphasising the significance of recognising these presentation patterns to improve diagnostic accuracy and prompt management.
Cognitive and behavioural therapy for insomnia in the treatment of adolescent insomnia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Galgut Yael , Hoyos Camilla , Kempler Liora , Aji Melissa , Grunstein Ronald R. , Gordon Christopher J. , Bartlett Delwyn J. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryInsomnia is common in adolescents with associated negative health consequences. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia interventions on insomnia symptoms and subjective sleep quality in adolescents aged 10–19 years. Key electronic databases, including CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus, were systematically searched from inception to October 2024, and five randomised controlled trials met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Four randomised controlled trials, examining a total of 527 participants, were included in the meta‐analysis. One randomised controlled trial employing a hybrid cluster design was excluded in quantitative analyses due to the number of clusters and sizes not reported. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia delivered to adolescents with insomnia improved subjective sleep quality and insomnia symptoms, with effect sizes (Hedge's g) of 0.4 and 1.04, respectively. Our findings provide support for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in the treatment of adolescents with insomnia regardless of delivery modality. Further high‐quality randomised controlled trials are required to strengthen our findings and understand how best to deliver cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia to adolescents.
Neural optimal stopping boundary
Authors: Reppen Andres Max , Soner Halil Mete , Tissot‐Daguette Valentin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA method based on deep artificial neural networks and empirical risk minimization is developed to calculate the boundary separating the stopping and continuation regions in optimal stopping. The algorithm parameterizes the stopping boundary as the graph of a function and introduces relaxed stopping rules based on fuzzy boundaries to facilitate efficient optimization. Several financial instruments, some in high dimensions, are analyzed through this method, demonstrating its effectiveness. The existence of the stopping boundary is also proved under natural structural assumptions.
ChromEvol v.3: modeling rate heterogeneity in chromosome number evolution
Authors: Shafir Anat , Halabi Keren , Baumer Ella , Mayrose Itay 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Changes in chromosome numbers are a prominent driver of plant evolution, impacting ecological diversification, stress tolerance, and phenotypes. ChromEvol is a widely used software tool for deciphering patterns of chromosome‐number change along a phylogeny of interest. It evaluates the fit of alternative models to the data, estimates transition rates of different types of events, and infers the expected number of events along each branch of the phylogeny.

We introduce ChromEvol v.3, featuring multiple novel methodological advancements that capture variation in the transition rates along a phylogeny. This version better allows researchers to identify how dysploidy and polyploidy rates change based on the number of chromosomes in the genome, with respect to a discrete trait, or at certain subclades of the phylogeny.

We demonstrate the applicability of the new models on the Solanaceae phylogeny. Our analyses identify four chromosome‐number transition regimes that characterize distinct Solanaceae clades and demonstrate an association between self‐compatibility and altered dynamics of chromosome‐number evolution.

ChromEvol v.3, available at https://github.com/anatshafir1/chromevol, offers researchers a more flexible, comprehensive, and accurate tool to investigate the evolution of chromosome numbers and the various processes affecting it.
Sec24C Participates in Cuticular Wax Transport by Facilitating Plasma Membrane Localization of ABCG5
Authors: Zhao Qing‐ping , Miao Bai‐ling , Zhu Jin‐dong , Li Xing‐kun , Fu Xiang‐lin , Han Meng‐Yuan , Wu Qi‐Qi , Niu Qiu‐hong , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Xiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCuticular waxes synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum of epidermal cells must be exported to the outer surface of the epidermis to fulfil their barrier function. Beyond transmembrane trafficking mediated by ABC transporters, little is known about the movement of wax molecules. In this study, we characterise a mutant named sugar‐associated vitrified 1 (sav1), which exhibits a vitrified phenotype and displays a reduced root length when cultivated on sugar‐free medium. The mutation in SAV1, which encodes the protein Sec. 24C, leads to ultrastructural alterations in cuticle membranes, decreased deposition of epicuticular wax crystals, and modifications in the chemical composition of very‐long‐chain fatty acids in cuticular waxes. SAV1 is a membrane protein and expressed during the early stages of seedling development. The defective phenotype of sav1‐1 in sugar‐free medium resembles that of abcg5, which encodes an ATP‐BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER subfamily G 5 (ABCG5) protein involved in cuticle layer formation. Further investigations reveal that SAV1 interacts with ABCG5, influencing the membrane localisation of ABCG5. Collectively, our results suggest that SAV1 plays a critical role in wax transport by altering the subcellular localisation of ABCG5.
Nurses’ Experience of Peacebuilding: International Perspectives
Authors: Srof Brenda J. , Lagerwey Mary 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionNursing is a moral endeavor that embodies humanitarian responses to human suffering. Nurses understand the impact of direct and indirect violence on the health of individuals and communities around the world. The intersections of health, justice, caring, and peace are important considerations for the profession.MethodsThis qualitative research study, in the interpretive phenomenology tradition, describes the experience of peacebuilding from the perspective of eight nurses with experience living and working in low‐resource international settings.ResultsAttributes of peacebuilding included fostering authentic human relationships that contribute to community engagement, nurturing holistic human kindness with humility, and experiencing the personal costs of peacebuilding amid violence. Peacebuilding practices included mediating conflict rooted in direct and indirect violence, accompanying communities toward resilience, and building capacity through teaching and learning.ConclusionThis study represents an introduction to the considerations of how peacebuilding is integral to nursing research, theory, and practice and provides the basis for further studies.
An overview of global desertification control efforts: Key challenges and overarching solutions
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Gui Dongwei , Abd‐Elmabod Sameh Kotb , Murtaza Ghulam , Ali Sikandar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDesertification threatens land integrity, social stability, and sustainable global economic development. Between 1982 and 2015, 6% of the world's drylands experienced desertification because of unsustainable land use practices exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change. Despite initiating several global and regional projects to control desertification actively, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) failed to achieve its land restoration goals. Therefore, this paper thoroughly examines the primary factors contributing to desertification, identifies the obstacles impeding control efforts, and presents effective solutions to combat this pressing issue. Poor policy and awareness about desertification, institutional gaps, social and cultural barriers, limited access to credit and modern technologies, lack of standardization, and inconsistent estimates of desertification extent were the main constraints hindering the desertification control efforts. However, implementing several crucial approaches could effectively address the challenge of global desertification. The capacity building, education, and training should be more comprehensive for local communities, but land managers, government officials, and development planners should be part of this. Local and indigenous knowledge should be integrated with scientific knowledge to get a better harvest against desertification. Sustainable land management practices could enhance soil productivity and advanced technology (remote sensing, digital maps, machine learning approaches and data mining) could help standardize procedures and accurately assess the extent of desertification. Different approaches can stabilize soil against wind and water erosion, such as bio‐cementing and biocrust formation. Converting degraded areas into green spaces can create about 10 million green jobs and foster a green economy in developing countries. Finally, to achieve aspirant land restoration targets and sustainable development goals (SDGs), it is imperative to carry out comprehensive research on desertification, utilizing sound and modern scientific knowledge by investing in research institutes and training the next generation of researchers.
A review of the global inequalities in the management of gynaecological cancers
Authors: Illah Ojone , Morhason‐Bello Imran , Olaitan Adeola 
Published: December 2024

AbstractKey content
The burden of gynaecological cancers is growing rapidly globally. Low‐resource countries are disproportionately affected with high rates of premature deaths from gynaecological cancers. This represents an epidemiological shift in these regions, which have historically been burdened with communicable diseases.
Despite cervical cancer being a largely preventable disease, over 300,000 women die annually from the disease. Most of these deaths occur in low‐resource countries making this a disease of inequity. Initiatives such as the WHO cervical cancer elimination strategy demonstrates awareness of the problem, but considerable obstacles hinder attainment of their goals.
Closing the gynaecological cancer care gap between high‐resource and low‐resource countries requires a multifaceted approach. Work must be done to increase public awareness of gynaecological cancers and dispel stigma and myths. Investment into healthcare infrastructure, workforce and research in low‐resource settings is needed, and strategies to reduce the negative impacts of poverty such as universal health coverage deserve consideration.
Learning objectives
To understand the global impact of gynaecological cancers.
To understand the barriers to closing the gynaecological cancer gap between high‐resource and low‐resource countries.
To understand how collaboration, research and implementation can be used to improve gynaecological cancer outcomes globally.
Ethical issues
Significant geographical disparities exist in gynaecological cancer outcomes, with the majority of deaths occurring in low‐resource countries.
Addressing this disparity requires a multifaceted approach that thoughtfully examines all contributing factors and offers practical, actionable solutions.
Cytochrome c levels link mitochondrial function to plant growth and stress responses through changes in SnRK1 pathway activity
Authors: Coronel Florencia P. , Gras Diana E. , Canal M. Victoria , Roldan Facundo , Welchen Elina , Gonzalez Daniel H. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYEnergy is required for growth as well as for multiple cellular processes. During evolution, plants developed regulatory mechanisms to adapt energy consumption to metabolic reserves and cellular needs. Reduced growth is often observed under stress, leading to a growth‐stress trade‐off that governs plant performance under different conditions. In this work, we report that plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), required for electron transport coupled to oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, show impaired growth and increased global expression of stress‐responsive genes, similar to those observed after inhibiting the respiratory chain or the mitochondrial ATP synthase. CYTc‐deficient plants also show activation of the SnRK1 pathway, which regulates growth, metabolism, and stress responses under carbon starvation conditions, even though their carbohydrate levels are not significantly different from wild‐type. Notably, loss‐of‐function of the gene encoding the SnRK1α1 subunit restores the growth of CYTc‐deficient plants, as well as autophagy, free amino acid and TOR pathway activity levels, which are affected in these plants. Moreover, increasing CYTc levels decreases SnRK1 pathway activation, reflected in reduced SnRK1α1 phosphorylation, with no changes in total SnRK1α1 protein levels. Under stress imposed by mannitol, the growth of CYTc‐deficient plants is relatively less affected than that of wild‐type plants, which is also related to the activation of the SnRK1 pathway. Our results indicate that SnRK1 function is affected by CYTc levels, thus providing a molecular link between mitochondrial function and plant growth under normal and stress conditions.
Cubulating surface‐by‐free groups
Authors: Mj Mahan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLet
be an exact sequence where is the fundamental group of a closed surface of genus greater than one, is hyperbolic, and is finitely generated free. The aim of this paper is to provide sufficient conditions to prove that is cubulable and construct examples satisfying these conditions. The main result may be thought of as a combination theorem for virtually special hyperbolic groups when the amalgamating subgroup is not quasiconvex. Ingredients include the theory of tracks, the quasiconvex hierarchy theorem of Wise, the distance estimates in the mapping class group from subsurface projections due to Masur–Minsky, and the model geometry for doubly degenerate Kleinian surface groups used in the proof of the ending lamination theorem. An appendix to this paper by Manning, Mj, and Sageev proves a reduction theorem by showing that cubulability of follows from the existence of an essential incompressible quasiconvex track in a surface bundle over a graph with fundamental g\roup .
Galvanising criticality: Analysing trans health policy in a hostile political context
Authors: Howe Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION: Pathologisation has long provided the architecture for governing access to gender-affirming medical care. An explicit orientation towards human rights in the latest revision of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health’s (WPATH) Standards of Care is an important success in achieving trans depathologisation. This development is the result of sustained efforts by trans activists who have been dismantling pathologising structures and practices in the face of intensifying opposition and vitriolic attacks.
METHODS: I present findings from the comparison of approaches to depathologisation in the WPATH Standards for Care, version 7 (SOC-7), and an alternative best-practices guide created by the Spanish Network for Depathologisation of Trans Identities (the Guide) using the What’s the Problem Represented to be? (WPR) approach to policy analysis. This WPR analysis is informed by trans and First Nations policy workers, scholars, and activists. This methodological–conceptual approach is used to explore uncertainties about the limits of a liberal rights model in the Guide.
FINDINGS: Situating rights in the broader field of governing logics indicates that, although this approach seeks to replace harmful practices, it does little to address underlying colonial mechanisms. Noticing uncertainty supported consideration of the dynamic ways that medicalisation and rights, liberalism and neoliberalism, and colonial power are sustained in trans health policy.
CONCLUSION: In an increasingly hostile context, when uncertainty about the transformative capacity of human rights necessarily shifts focus, returning to trans analytics provides solid ground for deepening interrogation of the colonial conditions of care to enable full depathologisation to unfold.