bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Dalam Reading: Memahami Makna Teks Tulis Fungsional Dan Esai Pendek Sederhana Berbentuk Narrative Dan Report Melalui Metode Snowball Drilling Di Kelas IX-B SMPN 2 Pahae Jae T.P 2016/2017
Authors: Gultom Darmauli 
Published: December 2020

Metode Snowball Drilling adalah metode pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru dengan memberikan bentuk latihan yang dituliskan di dalam selembar kertas dan kemudian kertas tersebut dibentuk menjadi bola- bola salju yang akan dilemparkan atau digelindingkan kepada setiap siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMPN 2 Pahae Jae Kelas IX-b dalam Reading: Memahami Makna Teks Tulis Fungsional Dan Esei Pendek Sederhana Berbentuk Narrative dan report melalui Metode Snowball Drilling T.P 2016/2017, termasuk peningkatan aktivitas dan respon belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Jenis Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Tiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, analisis dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 2 Pahae Jae kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dengan subjek penelitian siswa Kelas IX-b sejumlah 20 orang. Data aktifitas siswa diperoleh dari hasil observasi melalui instrumen penilaian aktifitas, data hasil belajar diperoleh dari hasil tes akhir hasil belajar setiap siklus, dan data respon belajar siswa diperoleh dari hasil tes melalui instrumen penilaian respon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, (1) pada siklus 1 nilai rata-rata aktifitas belajar siswa 70,5 %, nilai rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 66,75 %, dan nilai rata-rata respon belajar 72,00 %, (2) pada siklus 2, nilai aktifitas belajar siswa rata-rata adalah 85,75 %, nilai rata-rata hasil belajar 75,25 %, dan nilai rata-rata respon belajar siswa 85,5 %. Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar sesuai data hasil pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris siswa SMPN 2 Pahae Jae Kelas IX-b dalam Reading: Memahami Makna Teks Tulis Fungsional Dan Esei Pendek Sederhana Berbentuk Narrative dan report melalui Metode Snowball Drilling T.P 2016/2017.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar PPKn Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD di Kelas VIII-A MTsN 3 Aceh Barat
Authors: Asmaria Aja Syarifah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: This study aims to see "The Application of the STAD Cooperative Learning Model to the Improvement of Year 8A students’ Learning Outcomes in Civics in the topic of Pancasila as the State Foundation and Ideology at MTs Negeri 3 Aceh Barat Academic Year 2018-2019". The sample of the research was Year 8A that were consisted of 40 students. This research uses Classroom Action Research (PTK) with the method of observation, data observation, tests, documentation and data analysis. This study uses two cycles to see the application of the STAD Cooperative Learning model as an effort to improve students’ learning outcomes in Civics in the topic of Pancasila as the basis and ideology of the state at MTs Negeri 3 Aceh Barat academic year 2018-2019. The results of this study indicate that the STAD Cooperative Learning Model can improve Students’ Learning Outcomes in Civics in the topic of Pancasila as the State Foundation and Ideology at MTs Negeri 3 Aceh Barat Academic Year 2018-2019. As the results, the research in cycle I and II showed the percentage of improvement reached an average of 74.77 to 83.07.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII-A Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Dalam Materi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara Dan Ideologi Negara Di MTs Negeri 3 Aceh Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019” sampel penelitian kelas VIII-A yang berjumlah 40 siswa. Penelitian ini mengunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan metode observasi, pengumpulan data, tes, dokumentasi dan analisis data. Penelitian ini mengunakan dua siklus untuk mengetahui Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Dalam Materi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara Dan Ideologi Negara Di MTs Negeri 3 Aceh Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dapat Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PPKn Dalam Materi Pancasila Sebagai Dasar Negara Dan Ideologi Negara Di MTs Negeri 3 Aceh Barat Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019. Adapun hasilnya, penelitian siklus I menunjukkan hasil test siklus I dan II menunjukkan presentase peningkatan mencapai dengan rata-rata 74,77 menuju 83,07.
Ship-based measurements of ice nuclei concentrations over the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans
Authors: Welti André , Bigg E. Keith , DeMott Paul J. , Gong Xianda , Hartmann Markus , Harvey Mike , Henning Silvia , Herenz Paul , Hill Thomas C. J. , Hornblow Blake , Leck Caroline , Löffler Mareike , McCluskey Christina S. , Rauker Anne Marie , Schmale Julia , Tatzelt Christian , van Pinxteren Manuela , Stratmann Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Ambient concentrations of ice-forming particles measured during ship expeditions are collected and summarised with the aim of determining the spatial distribution and variability in ice nuclei in oceanic regions.
The presented data from literature and previously unpublished data from over 23 months of ship-based measurements stretch from the Arctic to the Southern Ocean and include a circumnavigation of Antarctica. In comparison to continental observations, ship-based measurements of ambient ice nuclei show 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower mean concentrations. To quantify the geographical variability in oceanic areas, the concentration range of potential ice nuclei in different climate zones is analysed by meridionally dividing the expedition tracks into tropical, temperate and polar climate zones. We find that concentrations of ice nuclei in these meridional zones follow temperature spectra with similar slopes but vary in absolute concentration. Typically, the frequency with which specific concentrations of ice nuclei are observed at a certain temperature follows a log-normal distribution. A consequence of the log-normal distribution is that the mean concentration is higher than the most frequently measured concentration. Finally, the potential contribution of ship exhaust to the measured ice nuclei concentration on board research vessels is analysed as function of temperature. We find a sharp onset of the influence at approximately −36 ∘C but none at warmer temperatures that could bias ship-based measurements.
Maatschappelijk effectieve rechtspraak: een synthese
Authors: Hartendorp Rogier 
Published: December 2020

Socially effective justice: a synthesis
Hartendorp emphasizes in his contribution that a judge is a decision-maker bound by the law. He agrees with Klijn that this position makes it difficult to act as a problem solver. However, this does not alter the fact that, in order to act effectively, a judge must have a dual orientation on the conflict and the dispute between the parties. The Judiciary can only increase its social effectiveness if it manages to bring about a synthesis between its classic decisive task and an orientation aimed at effectiveness.
The Effect of Multiple Assessments on Delirium Detection: a Pilot Study*
Authors: De Freitas SA. , Wong EKC. , Lee JY. , Reppas-Rindlisbacher C. , Gabor C. , Curkovic A. , Patterson CJ. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Delirium is characterized by fluctuating attention or arousal, with high prevalence in the orthopaedic ward. Our aim was to: 1) establish the prevalence of delirium on an orthopaedic ward, and 2) compare delirium prevalence using a single geriatrician assessment vs. multiple 3D-CAM (3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method) assessments during the day. We hypothesized that multiple assessments would increase the detection rate due to the fluctuating nature of delirium.
Methods
Comparative study conducted at an academic hospital in Hamilton, Ontario. Participants included patients 65 years and older admitted to the orthopaedic ward (n=55). After a geriatrician made the first assessment of delirium by 3D-CAM on each patient, teams with specialized geriatrics training re-assessed participants up to four times. Delirium rates based on first assessment were compared to cumulative end-of-day rates to determine if detection increased with multiple assessments.
Results
The prevalence of delirium was 30.9% (17 participants) us­ing multiple assessments. Of these cases, 13 (76.4%) were detected in the initial geriatrician assessment. In patients with hip fractures, 70.6% (12 of 17) were identified as delirious by multiple assessments.
Conclusion
As symptoms fluctuate, multiple daily CAM assessments may increase the identification of delirium in orthopaedic inpatients.
Hydrometeorology: Review of Past, Present and Future Observation Methods
Authors: Valipour Mohammad , M. Bateni Sayed , R. Dalezios Nicolas , Almazroui Mansour , Heggy Essam , Şen Zekai , N. Angelakis Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Hydrometeorology aims at measuring and understanding the physics, chemistry, energy and water fluxes of the atmosphere, and their coupling with the earth surface environmental parameters. Accurate hydrometeorological records and observations with different timelines are crucial to assess climate evolution and weather forecast. Historical records suggest that the first hydrometeorological observations date back to ca 3500 BC. Reviewing these observations in the light of our modern knowledge of the dynamic of atmospheres is critical as it can reduce the ambiguities associated to understanding major fluctuations or evolutions in the earth climate. Today, the ambiguities in hydrometeorological observations have significantly improved due to the advances in monitoring, modeling, and forecasting of processes related to the land-atmosphere coupling and forcing. Numerical models have been developed to forecast hydrometeorological phenomena in short-, medium- and long-term horizons, ranging from hourly to annual timescales. We provide herein a synthetic review of advances in hydrometeorological observations from their infancy to today. In particular, we discuss the role of hydrometeorological records, observations, and modeling in assessing the amplitude and time-scale for climate change and global warming.
La empresa social italiana después de la reforma del tercer sector
Authors: Fici Antonio 
Published: December 2020

En Italia, en julio de 2017, se aprobó el Código del Tercer Sector (Decreto Legislativo 117/2017), una ley orgánica y sistemática sobre las entidades del tercer sector, incluida la empresa social. Se trata de una reforma legislativa “histórica” por varias razones que serán destacadas en este artículo, junto a una visión general de la nueva regulación de la empresa social.
O fim mutualístico desinteressado ou altruísta das cooperativas de solidariedade social
Authors: Meira Deolinda 
Published: December 2020

Las cooperativas de solidaridad social persiguen, principal o exclusivamente, un fin mutualista desinteresado o altruista, que el legislador denomina "fines de solidaridad social". El objetivo de estas cooperativas es lograr una clara misión de asistencia en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social y económica, dando expresión a los valores de altruismo y solidaridad. Esto justifica que su régimen jurídico tenga ciertas peculiaridades, tanto en lo que se refiere a las categorías de miembros, la estructura organizativa y el régimen económico. Estas cooperativas se caracterizan por la heterogeneidad de sus miembros, lo que exige la definición de normas que permitan una gestión verdaderamente participativa y democrática, y en este sentido se requieren cambios en el régimen jurídico vigente. El régimen económico es plenamente apropiado para este fin mutualista desinteresado, lo que justifica la prohibición de lo retorno de los excedentes y hace más intenso el principio de la devolución desinteresada.
Mothers’ Breastfeeding Practices and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Agrina Agrina , Sabrian Febriana , Hasanah Oswati , Erika Erika , Hasneli Yesi 
Published: December 2020

This study examined breastfeeding practices and self-efficacy among mothers residing in rural areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted for 104 mothers via purposeful sampling in a Posyandu (maternal and child health service) in Kampar district, one of the rural areas in Riau, Indonesia. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) was used in the questionnaires to collect data. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis. Majority of the respondents (71.2%) were 20–35 years old; 69.3% of the respondents’ level of education were low (such as junior and senior high school levels). Approximately 91.3% of them were housewives. Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence was only 30.8%, with insufficient milk being the most common reason cited by the mothers as failure to breastfeed exclusively. Porridge and mineral water were the most commonly supplied food given to babies under 6 months among 31.7% and 36.5% mothers, respectively. The respondents faced some breast problems, where 72.1% mothers did not have good breastfeeding skills. Approximately 59.6% mothers had higher breastfeeding self-efficacy than the mean score for BSES-SF, which was 58.58 (11.58 standard deviation [SD]). Mothers’ age was significantly correlated with the BSES among mothers (p < 0.01). Increasing young mother’s breastfeeding self-efficacy during the antenatal care period is important to lower these young mothers’ perception of having insufficient milk. Abstrak Praktik Menyusui dan Efikasi Diri Ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tentang praktik pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) dan efikasi diri ibu menyusui di daerah pedesaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional pada 104 ibu yang berkunjung ke Posyandu sebagai tempat pos kesehatan untuk ibu dan anak yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive samping. Alat penggumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner breastfeeding self-efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES -SF) yang telah valid dan realiabel pada penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis chi square digunakan pada analisa bivariate. Mayoritas usia responden adalah berada pada rentang 20-35 tahun (71,2%) dengan pendidikan yang terbanyak adalah sekolah menengah pertama dan atas (69,3%). Hampir seluruh responden tidak memiliki pekerjaan diluar rumah (91,3%). Hanya 30,8% ibu memberikan ASI saja dengan alasan utama ASI yang tidak cukup sebagai alasan utama. Sebagai alternatif maka ibu memberikan bubur dan air putih sebagai makanan utama kepada bayi sebelum berusia 6 bulan. Kebanyakan ibu mengalami masalah dalam menyusui dan hanya 27,9% ibu memiliki kemampuan yang tepat dalam menyusui. 59,6% efikasi diri ibu menyusui di atas mean efikasi diri responden (58,58, SD 11,58). Usia ibu signifikan berhubungan dengan efikasi diri ibu menyusui (p< 0,01). Perlu ditingkatkan efikasi diri pada ibu muda selama masa kehamilan agar persepsi ibu tentang kecukupan ASI menjadi lebih baik. Kata Kunci: efikasi diri, ibu, praktik nenyusui
Factors Related with Nurse Compliance in the Implementation of Patient Safety Indicators at Hospital
Authors: Alhidayah Taufik , Susilaningsih Fransisca Sri , Somantri Irman 
Published: December 2020

Patient safety is one of the five crucial hospital safety issues. This study aimed to determine factors related with nurses’ compliance in the implementation of indicators of patient safety goals (IPSG 1, IPSG 2, IPSG 5, and IPSG 6). This study was a descriptive correlative with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were recruited using a purposive sampling technique (n = 102). Data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. The results of this study indicate that the leadership style of the head nurse, rewards, attitudes, and motivation had a significant relationship with the level of adherence in the implementation of IPSG 1 and IPSG 2. The level of nurses’ compliance in the implementation of IPSG 5 was only influenced by the leadership style of the room head and the nurses’ positive attitude. None of the factors had significant relationships with the level of nurses’ compliance in the implementation of IPSG 6. The consultative leadership style of the room head can change the level of nurses’ compliance in the implementation of IPSG 1 by 5.6 times, with 5.06 times toward IPSG 2 and 4.71 times toward IPSG 5. This research recommends the need for consultative leadership style from the room head to carry out the roles and functions as a supervisor to improve associate nurses’ compliance in the implementation of IPSG 1, IPSG 2, IPSG 5, and IPSG 6. Abstrak Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Perawat dalam Implementasi Indikator Sasaran Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit. Keselamatan pasien adalah salah satu dari lima isu penting keselamatan di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan kepatuhan perawat dalam penerapan indikator sasaran keselamatan pasien (IPSG 1, IPSG 2, IPSG 5, dan IPSG 6). Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling (n= 102). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan kepala ruangan, penghargaan, sikap, dan motivasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan tingkat kepatuhan dalam penerapan IPSG 1 dan IPSG 2. Tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam penerapan IPSG 5 hanya dipengaruhi oleh gaya kepemimpinan kepala ruangan dan sikap positif perawat. Tidak ada faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam penerapan IPSG 6. Gaya kepemimpinan konsultatif kepala ruangan dapat mengubah tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam penerapan IPSG 1 sebesar 5,6 kali, dengan 5,06 kali terhadap IPSG 2 dan 4,71 kali terhadap IPSG 5. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya gaya kepemimpinan konsultatif dari kepala ruangan untuk melaksanakan peran dan fungsi sebagai pengawas untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan perawat dalam penerapan IPSG 1, IPSG 2, IPSG 5, dan IPSG 6. Kata Kunci: indikator sasaran keselamatan pasien, kepatuhan, perawat
Foot Loading Associated with Barefoot, Shod, and Minimalist Running in Male Rearfoot Strikers
Authors: Debugne Gauthier , Eerdekens Maarten , Peters Helen , Staes Filip , Bertucii William , Deschamps Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Background
We aimed to determine the center of pressure (COP) trajectories and regional pressure differences in natural rearfoot strikers while running barefoot, running with a minimalist shoe, and running with a traditional shoe.

Methods
Twenty-two male natural rearfoot strikers ran at an imposed speed along an instrumented runway in three conditions: barefoot, with a traditional shoe, and with a minimalist shoe. Metrics associated to the COP and regional plantar force distribution, captured with a pressure platform, were compared using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results
The forefoot contact phase was found to be significantly shorter in the barefoot running trials compared with the shod conditions (P = .003). The initial contact of the COP was located more anteriorly in the barefoot running trials. The mediolateral position of the COP at initial contact was found to be significantly different in the three conditions, whereas the final mediolateral position of the COP during the forefoot contact phase was found to be more lateral in the barefoot condition compared with both shod conditions (P = .0001). The metrics associated with the regional plantar force distribution supported the clinical reasoning with respect to the COP findings.

Conclusions
The minimalist shoe seems to provide a compromise between barefoot running and running with a traditional shoe.
Risk Factors Associated with 30-Day Readmission in Patients with Diabetic Foot Infections
Authors: Miller Marshall , Knepper Bryan , Young Heather 
Published: December 2020

Background
Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are the most common cause of hospitalization for patients with diabetes. Studies have shown diabetic patients have high readmission rates. It is important to identify variables that contribute to readmission. This study aimed to investigate clinical variables associated with 30-day hospital readmission in patients with DFI.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of adults admitted to the hospital for DFI between July 1, 2012, and July 1, 2015. We identified patients by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes and randomly selected 35% of medical records for review. Patients were excluded if they did not have a DFI by review, were pregnant, or were incarcerated. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission. Data collected included baseline demographics, medical comorbidities, substance abuse, homelessness, tobacco use, and laboratory and surgical pathology data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors.

Results
Of 140 included patients, 106 (76%) were male. Median age was 55 years and length of stay (LOS) was 7 days. In univariate analysis, 31 patients (22%) were readmitted in the 30 days after the index hospitalization. Factors associated with readmission included treatment failure, elevated C-reactive protein level, and hospital LOS (P < .05). In multivariate analyses, LOS and treatment failure were independent predictors of readmission.

Conclusions
The 30-day readmission rate for patients with DFI is high. Treatment failure, C-reactive protein, and LOS are independently associated with readmission. More work is needed to determine reasons for readmission so that appropriate measures can be taken before discharge.
Characterization of sediment microbial communities at two sites with low hydrocarbon pollution in the southeast Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Suárez-Moo Pablo , Lamelas Araceli , Garcia-Bautista Itza , Barahona-Pérez Luis Felipe , Sandoval-Flores Gloria , Valdes-Lozano David , Toledano-Thompson Tanit , Polanco-Lugo Erik , Valdez-Ojeda Ruby 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCoastal ecosystems are prone to hydrocarbon pollution due to human activities, and this issue has a tremendous impact on the environment, socioeconomic consequences, and represents a hazard to humans. Bioremediation relies on the ability of bacteria to metabolize hydrocarbons with the aim of cleaning up polluted sites.MethodsThe potential of naturally occurring microbial communities as oil degraders was investigated in Sisal and Progreso, two port locations in the southeast Gulf of Mexico, both with a low level of hydrocarbon pollution. To do so, we determined the diversity and composition of bacterial communities in the marine sediment during the dry and rainy seasons using 16S rRNA sequencing. Functional profile analysis (PICRUTSt2) was used to predict metabolic functions associated with hydrocarbon degradation.ResultsWe found a large bacterial taxonomic diversity, including some genera reported as hydrocarbon-degraders. Analyses of the alpha and beta diversity did not detect significant differences between sites or seasons, suggesting that location, season, and the contamination level detected here do not represent determining factors in the structure of the microbial communities. PICRUTSt2 predicted 10 metabolic functions associated with hydrocarbon degradation. Most bacterial genera with potential hydrocarbon bioremediation activity were generalists likely capable of degrading different hydrocarbon compounds. The bacterial composition and diversity reported here represent an initial attempt to characterize sites with low levels of contamination. This information is crucial for understanding the impact of eventual rises in hydrocarbon pollution.