bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of pediatric rosacea—Skin and ocular involvement
Authors: Ooi Xue Ting , Tan Kong Bing , Chandran Nisha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChildhood rosacea presents a diagnostic difficulty due to the lack of diagnostic criteria and potential mimics. Ocular involvement is a frequent complication of rosacea in children and may appear before cutaneous findings. It is important for clinicians to be aware of these and to screen patients appropriately in order for timely treatment to be instituted.
Cytological features of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Okano Kimiaki , Ishida Mitsuaki , Sandoh Kaori , Fujisawa Takuo , Iwai Hiroshi , Tsuta Koji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) of the salivary glands is a relatively rare carcinoma. The detection rate of the carcinoma component in the cytological specimens is not high and may be challenging in cytological examination. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the cytological specimens of CXPA with emphasis on the detection of the carcinoma component. We reviewed the cytological characteristics of patients histopathologically diagnosed with CXPA who underwent preoperative cytological examination. Of the 10 patients enrolled in the study, 8 had tumors located in the parotid gland, and 2 in the submandibular gland. A review of the cytological specimens revealed the presence of the carcinoma component in all 10 cases and the pleomorphic adenoma (PA) component in 6 cases, although initial cytodiagnosis detected the carcinoma component in 8 cases. The cytological feature of this component was the presence of variable‐sized clusters of polygonal cells with relatively rich cytoplasm and large round to oval nuclei in a necrotic background. Interestingly, carcinoma cells mixed with the PA component were also present. On histopathological analysis, 7 cases were intracapsular, and the remaining 3 cases were widely invasive CXPA. Further, 9 cases had salivary duct carcinoma as carcinoma component. In conclusion, these findings show that careful detection of the carcinoma cells, particularly within the PA component, is crucial for early detection of CXPA, and the presence of necrosis might help with the detection of the carcinoma component.
Data system design alters meaning in ecological data: salmon habitat restoration across the U.S. Pacific Northwest
Authors: Katz Stephen L. , Barnas Katie A. , Diaz Monica , Hampton Stephanie E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs an increasing variety and complexity of environmental issues confront scientists and natural resource managers, assembling the most relevant and informative data into accessible data systems becomes critical to timely problem solving. Data interoperability is the key criterion for succeeding in that assembly, and much informatics research is focused on data federation, or synthesis to produce interoperable data. However, when candidate data come from numerous, diverse, and high‐value legacy data sources, the issue of data variety or heterogeneity can be a significant impediment to interoperability. Research in informatics, computer science and philosophy has frequently focused on resolving data heterogeneity with automation, but subject matter expertise still plays a large role. In particular, human expertise is a large component in the development of tools such as data dictionaries, crosswalks, and ontologies. Such representations may not always match from one data system to another, presenting potentially inconsistent results even with the same data. Here, we use a long‐term data set on management actions designed to improve stream habitat for endangered salmon in the Pacific Northwest, to illustrate how different representations can change the underlying information content in the data system. We pass the same data set comprised of 49,619 records through three ontologies, each developed to address a rational management need, and show that the inferences drawn from the data can change with choice of data representation or ontology. One striking example shows that the use of one ontology would suggest water quality improvement projects are the rarest and most expensive restoration actions undertaken, while another will suggest these actions to be the most common and least expensive type of management actions. The discrepancy relates to the origins of the data dictionaries themselves, with one designed to catalog management actions and the other focused on ecological processes. Thus, we argue that in data federation efforts humans are “in the loop” rationally, in the form of the ontologies they have chosen, and diminishing the human component in favor of automation carries risks. Consequently, data federation exercises should be accompanied by validations in order to evaluate and manage those risks.
Habitat complexity influences the structure of food webs in Great Barrier Reef seagrass meadows
Authors: Jinks Kristin I. , Brown Christopher J. , Rasheed Michael A. , Scott Abigail L. , Sheaves Marcus , York Paul H. , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStructural habitat complexity is a fundamental attribute influencing ecological food webs. Simplification of complex habitats occurs due to both natural and anthropogenic pressures that can alter productivity of food webs. Relationships between food web structure and habitat complexity may be influenced by multiple mechanisms, and untangling these can be challenging. We investigated whether (1) size spectra vary across a gradient of habitat complexity in seagrass meadows and (2) structural complexity changes the importance of different primary producers supporting the food web (determined using stable isotope analysis) in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. We found that moderately complex meadows had much steeper size spectra slopes, caused by a higher abundance of smaller animals and fewer larger animals, while meadows on either end of the complexity scale (low and a single meadow with very high complexity) had shallower slopes, indicative of a more balanced distribution of animal sizes across the spectrum. We also found that the importance of epiphytic algae as a food source was high in most meadows, despite the increase in seagrass surface area on which epiphytes could grow. The consistent importance of epiphytic algae suggests that the changes in the availability of different potential food sources did not affect food web structure. Our findings indicate that food web structure may change with variations in structural complexity because of changes in the abundance of smaller and/or larger animals. Food web structure and food sources are important determinants of the dynamic stability of food webs. Size spectra analysis is already used as a monitoring tool for assessing populations of key fisheries species in commercial fishing operations, and thus, we recommend using size spectra as a proxy for assessing the structure of the food webs in different types of seagrass meadows. Size spectra may be a useful indicator of how different meadows provide for ecosystem services such as fisheries.
Smart flap of sternocleidomastoid muscle in anterior cervical spine surgery: Surgical anatomical dissection technique
Authors: Cuzzocrea Fabrizio , Ghiara Matteo , Vanelli Roberto , Medetti Marta , Lombardini Ambrogio Alberto , Benazzo Francesco , Mauramati Simone , Mossinelli Chiara , Herman Irene , Benazzo Marco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of sternocleidomastoid muscle flap has firstly been described in 1909. In spine surgery, it is usually reserved in the cases of revision after anterior cervical spine procedures. The aim of this article is to introduce its usage as prophylactic measure in cases at high risk of iatrogenic fistula formation. The procedure consists of three main steps: sternocleidomastoid isolation, flap design and harvesting, and flap fixation. The use of a surgical anchor allows a better adherence to the plate preventing hematoma formation. The use of SCM smart flap in primary anterior cervical spine surgery as a prophylactic method could be considered a safe and feasible procedure in patients with a high risk of iatrogenic fistulas.
Effect of four neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza in Osaka, Japan: An eight‐year survey
Authors: Tochino Yoshihiro , Yoshii Naoko , Fujioka Masashi , Hamazaki Takashi , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Kakeya Hiroshi , Shuto Taichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfter the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, two new drugs against influenza, namely laninamivir and peramivir, were released in 2010 in Japan. We investigated prescription trends of four neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), which are laninamivir, peramivir, oseltamivir, and zanamivir, and assessed clinical data related to influenza for 8 years.MethodsPatients living in Osaka Prefecture and diagnosed with influenza responded to a postcard questionnaire that collected data regarding their demographic characteristics, symptoms including fever, prescribed drugs, and influenza type.ResultsLaninamivir was most prescribed to patients aged ≥ 10 years, and oseltamivir was most prescribed to patients aged < 10 years. All four NAIs had similar effects on influenza. Patients with type A influenza experienced fever alleviation earlier than those with type B influenza. Older patients tended to have lower fever. Most seasons had similar results.ConclusionsOur descriptive epidemiologic study revealed the status of patients with influenza and their medication use.
Diagnostic Efficacy of Contrast‐Enhanced MRI in Detecting Residual or Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Transarterial Chemoembolization: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Hai‐Feng , Zou Li‐Qiu , Lu Xing‐Ru , Sheng Ye , Wang Qing , Ding Jiu‐Le , Shi Li , Liu Shui‐Qing , Xing Wei 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe diagnostic efficacy of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) in diagnosing residual or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is currently not completely clear.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic efficacy of CEMRI in detecting residual or recurrent HCCs after TACE by meta‐analysis.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.PopulationA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library database up to June 2019 to find original studies on diagnosing patients suspected of residual or recurrent HCCs after TACE with CEMRI. Thirteen studies comprising 721 nodules were finally included.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T, CEMRI.AssessmentQuality assessment of the included studies was performed by applying the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool.Statistical TestsSensitivity and specificity were pooled with a bivariate random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the chi‐square test. The potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup and publication bias analyses.ResultsThe pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of CEMRI in diagnosing residual or recurrent HCCs after TACE were 91% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87%–96%), 93% (95% CI: 85%–97%), 12.22 (95% CI: 5.62–26.57), 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05–0.18), 126.99 (95% CI: 34.76–436.99) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that CEMRI performed significantly better in prospective studies than in retrospective studies: 0.99 (95% CI: 0.96–1.00) vs. 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.96) with P < 0.05.Data ConclusionOur meta‐analysis suggested that CEMRI had high diagnostic efficacy in detecting residual or recurrent HCCs after TACE and may serve as an alternative method for further evaluation after TACE.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1019–1028.
Rationalisation of polypharmacy in practice: a survey of physicians and pharmacists
Authors: Masnoon Nashwa , Shakib Sepehr , Kalisch Ellett Lisa , Caughey Gillian E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the literature, polypharmacy is commonly defined as using five or more medicines. Little is known about how physicians and pharmacists define and assess polypharmacy in practice.AimThis study determined how expert physicians and pharmacists define and assess polypharmacy in practice.MethodsAn online survey was sent to 25 expert physicians and pharmacists who were chosen if they had done significant work in the area of polypharmacy through major research, clinical practice or both, to identify how experts define and assess polypharmacy in practice.ResultsTwenty‐two participants completed the survey (88% response rate). There was strong agreement between experts, including which factors are important when assessing polypharmacy (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.94). Respondents used the number of medicines (n = 18 respondents; 56.3% of all definitions), such as five or more medicines, and brief descriptions (n = 4 respondents; 43.7% of all definitions), such as assessing appropriateness given comorbidities, to define polypharmacy. Respondents commonly indicated patient factors such as functional status (n = 11 respondents; 50%) and medicine‐related factors such as drug–drug interactions (n = 11; 50%) as important when assessing polypharmacy. Experts reported low use of externally validated polypharmacy tools during polypharmacy assessment, with 36.4% (n = 8) being unfamiliar with or never or rarely using these tools.ConclusionMedication‐ and patient‐related factors beyond a medicines count were deemed important in assessing polypharmacy. Given the low use of externally validated polypharmacy tools, strategies that include important medication‐ and patient‐related factors are required to facilitate polypharmacy rationalisation.
Combining convolutional neural networks and in‐line near‐infrared spectroscopy for real‐time monitoring of the chromatographic elution process in commercial production of notoginseng total saponins
Authors: Yan Xu , Fu Hao , Zhang Sheng , Qu Haibin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe chromatographic elution process is a key step in the production of notoginseng total saponins. Due to quality variability of loading samples and resin capacity decreasing over cycle time, saponins, especially the five main saponins of notoginseng total saponins, need to be monitored in real time during the elution process. In this study, convolutional neural networks, one of the most popular deep learning methods, were used to develop quantitative calibration models based on in‐line near‐infrared spectroscopy for notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rd, and their sum concentration, with root mean square error of prediction values of 0.87, 2.76, 0.60, 1.57, 0.28, and 4.99 mg/mL, respectively. Partial least squares calibration models were also developed for model performance comparison. Results show predicted concentration profiles outputted by both the convolutional neural network models and partial least squares models show agreements with the real trends defined by reference measurements, and can be used for elution process monitoring and endpoint determination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case study of combining convolutional neural networks and in‐line near‐infrared spectroscopy for monitoring of the chromatographic elution process in commercial production of botanical drug products.
Predictors of Mortality in HPV‐Associated Oropharynx Carcinoma Treated With Surgery Alone
Authors: Han Mary , Stanford‐Moore Gaelen B. , Larson Andrew R. , Schoppy David W. , Cognetti David M. , Joshi Arjun S. , Houlton Jeffery J. , Ryan William R. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveSurvival outcomes for human papillomavirus‐associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC) treated with surgery alone are unclear. To increase understanding, we assessed overall survival (OS) outcomes using the national cancer database (NCDB).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of OS of 736 NCDB HPV + OPSCC patients who underwent surgery alone from 2010 to 2014 using univariate and multivariate analyses and the Kaplan‐Meir method.ResultsMultivariable analysis found the following independent risk factors for death: American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition pathologic stage(p)N2 versus pN0 disease (hazard ratio [HR], 5.5; P = 0.000006), macroscopic extranodal extension (ENE) versus non‐ENE (HR, 4.9; P < 0.02), a positive lymph nodes (LN) percentage of ≥10% (HR, 4.2; P = 0.0002), and five or more positive LNs (HR, 4.9; P = 0.00004). Three‐year OS was significantly worse for AJCC 8th edition pN2 versus pN0 but not for 7th edition pN2 versus pN0 disease. Five‐year OS was significantly worse for positive versus negative surgical margins, AJCC 8th edition stage II versus I, and either microscopic or macroscopic ENE versus non‐ENE positive LNs. For 523 (71%) AJCC 8th edition stage I patients and for 283 (38%) patients who were pT1–T2, with negative margins, pN0–N1, with ≤4 pathologic LNs, without ENE, and with >20 LNs removed during neck dissection, the 3‐year OS rates were 93% and 95%, respectively, and the 5‐year OS rates were 91% and 95%, respectively.ConclusionIn the context of the lack of detail and possible inaccuracies found in the NCDB, surgery alone for AJCC 8th edition stage I HPV + OPSCC, particularly pT1–T2, pN0–N1 with ≤4 pathologic LNs, without ENE, and with negative surgical margins has a high OS.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E423–E435, 2020
Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Rabalais Nancy N. , Turner R. Eugene 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the largest human‐caused areas of bottom‐water oxygen deficiency in the coastal ocean is on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf adjacent to the Mississippi River, which discharges nitrogen and phosphorus loads into its surface waters. The beginnings of seasonal hypoxia (≤2 mg l−1 dissolved oxygen) in this area was in the 1950s with an acceleration in the worsening of severity during the 1970s. Currently, the bottom area of hypoxic areas can approach 23,000 km2, and the volume, 140 km3. Ecosystems, people, and economies are now at risk within the Mississippi River watershed and in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Strengthened nitrogen and phosphorus mitigation, altered agriculture practices, and reduction in carbon and nutrient footprints are key to the recovery of these systems. In this article, we review the past, present, and possible future conditions of the northern Gulf of Mexico and provide insight into possible management actions.
Einblick in vergangene Zeiten – Farbstoffanalyse mit MS
Authors: Csuk René , Kluge Ralph , Kramell Annemarie Elisabeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractViele archäologische Textilfunde erscheinen auf den ersten Blick eher unansehnlich und braun in braun. Eine genauere Untersuchung mit direkten massenspektrometrischen Techniken offenbart jedoch: Die Stoffe waren oft farbenfroh gestaltet. Zudem lassen sich damit über 2000 Jahre alte Fasern analysieren, ohne die Proben dabei zu zerstören.
Redoxflussbatterien mit Farbumschlag
Authors: Rosenberg Dominique , Jansen Walter , Busker Maike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRedoxflussbatterien gelten als Hoffnungsträger zur Energiespeicherung. Pilotprojekte nutzen vor allem anorganische Elektrolyte. Auch in der Schule lassen sich solche Akkumulatoren in einfachen Versuchsaufbauten veranschaulichen.
Niederdimensionale Materialien für die ersten Li‐Ionenbatterien
Authors: Wilkening Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDer diesjährige Chemienobelpreis ist dreigeteilt und wird an die Materialwissenschaftler John Bannister Goodenough, Michael Stanley Whittingham und Akira Yoshino verliehen werden. Sie erhalten den Preis als Würdigung für Pionierarbeiten, die zur Entwicklung eines neuen Batterietyps geführt haben.
Materialien: Gefrorene Luft macht alles leichter
Authors: Smirnova Irina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJedes Gel lässt sich in ein Aerogel verwandeln. Das funktioniert sogar bei gekochten Eiern. Das europäische Forschungsprojekt Cost Action Aerogel wird nun Anwendungen für Umwelt‐ und Lebenswissenschaften untersuchen lassen.
Kreislaufwirtschaft: Plastik runderneuert
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRohstoffhersteller kaufen Recycler, denn es ist schwierig, genügend Rezyklate in ausreichender Qualität zu finden. Die Kunststoffmesse K 2019 zeigte, welchen Einfluss dabei chemisches Recycling und die Abfallwirtschaft haben.
17. Central European Symposium on Theoretical Chemistry
Authors: Marquetand Philipp 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnfang September fand das Central European Symposium on Theoretical Chemistry (CESTC) auf der Burg Schlaining, Stadtschlaining im österreichischen Burgenland statt. Bereits zum 17. Mal trafen sich über 100 Theoretiker aus dem zentraleuropäischen Raum und tauschten sich über Themen von Quantenchemie bis zu maschinellem Lernen aus. Organisiert wurde die viertägige Konferenz von Leticia González, Professorin für theoretische Chemie an der Universität Wien, und ihrer Gruppe.
Static and dynamic mechanical analysis of geometrically different kenaf/PLA green composite laminates
Authors: Manral Ankit , Bajpai Pramendra K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe type of reinforcement used in polymer composite is one of the main governing parameters to ascertain the performance of a polymer composite. Green composites using fiber mat as reinforcement have shown promising results. In the present study, three different types of kenaf fiber mat (ie, bidirectional, unidirectional, and randomly oriented) have been incorporated with polylactic acid (PLA) for fabrication of green composite laminates through compression molding. Static mechanical characterization (tensile, flexural, and impact) of the developed composites has shown that type of fiber mat affects the mechanical performance of laminated composites markedly. Unidirectional fiber reinforced PLA composite has shown the highest tensile strength in comparison to bidirectional fiber reinforced PLA composite (BDFRPC) and randomly oriented fiber reinforced PLA composite (ROFRPC). BDFRPC has shown better flexural properties whereas ROFRPC achieved higher impact strength. Dynamic mechanical analysis of different kenaf/PLA laminates was performed to investigate the visco‐elastic nature with respect to temperature. Results show that ROFRPC has observed the best results under dynamic loading condition. The morphological study of the fractured surfaces during various testing was performed using scanning electron microscope to investigate mechanisms and reasons of failure of composites.