bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Management of Perceived Adverse Events Following Immunization in Infants attending Well Baby Clinics in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Adam V.Y. , Onowugbeda E.D. , Osuji O.I. , Omohwovo O.D. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Immunization is an important public health intervention for vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). However, adverse events may follow immunization of infants. This study determined the prevalence and management of Adverse Events following Immunization (AEFI) reported by caregivers of infants in Well-Baby Clinics in Benin City, Nigeria.Methods: The study was carried out in 2015 among 400 caregivers of infants attending Well- Baby Clinics in Benin City, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized. Respondents were selected using a systematic sampling technique. An adapted structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: Less than half, 169 (42.3%) of the caregivers stated that their children had AEFI. Three-quarters 126 (74.6%) and 68 (40.2%) of the AEFI occurred following vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and pentavalent vaccine. Fever and swelling of the injection sites occurred in 142 (84.0%) and 65 (38.5%) of the children, respectively. Almost all 167 (98.8%) of the respondents reported an AEFI. Few of those who reported an AEFI, 13 (7.8%) had their children hospitalized.Conclusion: A significant proportion of children vaccinated experienced side effects perceived to be AEFI that presented mainly as fever and swollen injection sites which were mainly reported at the immunization clinic. Few of the reported cases of AEFI were hospitalized. Healthcare workers should continue to educate and reassure caregivers of infants of the symptoms and signs that may occur following vaccination and how they can be managed.
Keywords: Adverse Events Following Immunization; Infants; Management; Prevalence; Nigeria.
Prevalence and Predictors of Stress among Bankers in Enugu State South-East Nigeria
Authors: Okwor T.J. , Ndu A.C. , Arinze-Onyia S.U. , Ogugua I.J. , Obionu I.M. , Agwu-Umahi O.R. , Okeke T.A , Aguwa E.N. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The work environment is rapidly changing and in recent times, occupational stress poses a threat to the health, morale and productivity of workers and the organization. This study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of stress among bankers in a south-eastern state of Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 370 bankers in Enugu State, Nigeria using the Health, Safety, Executive (HSE) management standards indicator tool. Multistage sampling method was used to select participants. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22.0. Level of statistical significance was set at p< 0.05.Results: The mean age of the participants was 34.54±6.3 years while the mean years of work was 6.01±4.7years. One hundred and seventy-four (47%) reported high level of stress due to relationship at work while 318 (85.9%) reported low level of stress due to roles. Being 35 years or less was found to a predictor of high (AOR 0.55, CI 0.30-1.02) level of stress due to control.Work experience of 5 years or less was found to be a predictor of both high (AOR 0.74, CI 0.40--1.37) and low (AOR 0.99, CI 0.40-1.37) levels of stress due to control.Conclusion: This study has shown that the prevalence of stress was high among bankers in Enugu State, South-East Nigeria. There is, therefore, the need for routine stress assessment and interventions in the banking industry especially for those at high risk.
Keywords: Bankers; HSE Stress Questionnaire; Stress; Workplace; Southeast Nigeria
Indole -3- Butyric Acid Induces Plant Regeneration From Stem Cuttings Of Three Medicinal Plants
Authors: Okafor C.U. , Njoku E.U. , Ike F.C. , Onyekwuluje C.C. 
Published: September 2020

Field regeneration of three (3) medicinal plants - Securidaca longepedunculata (violet tree), Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) and Pterocarpus mildebraedii by means of rooting of stem cuttings at different lengths of 10 -15 cm and 15 -20 cm were studied. The effect of the plant hormone Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA) at 5g/l was tested on rooting, bud sprout and leaf formation of the rooted stem cuttings of the plant species as well as the effect of the length of the stem cuttings on their growth and survival rates. The results of the study revealed that stem cuttings of O. gratissimum treated with IBA and the control treatment sprouted within 5 - 8 days. The treated O. gratissimum stem cuttings produced a slightly higher number of buds (2.58 ± 0.86) when compared to the control (2.00 ± 0.89) with no significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. Stem cuttings of the treated P. mildbraedii cuttings sprouted within 8 -10 days with 1.40 ± 0.37 number of buds, with the control showing no sprouts. Consequently, IBA application produced more leaves (13.00 ± 5.58) and roots (1.33 ± 0.01) than the control. However, O. gratissimum stem cuttings had the highest leaf (13.08 ± 4.47) and root numbers (135.00 ± 13.45) followed by the control with values- 13.00 ± 5.58 for leaf development and 61.66 ± 2.34 for root number respectively. Irrespective of the treatments, none of the stem cuttings of S. longepedunculata sprouted. This study showed that exogenous application of IBA to stem cuttings of the tested plants, except S. Longepedunculata, improved the root number, number of leaves and number of buds.
Keywords: Stem cuttings, Indole-3-Butyric acid (IBA), Rooting
Microsatellite markers-based characterisation of elephant grass (<i>Pennisetum purpureum</i>) harvested from selected locations in South-West Nigeria
Authors: Okukenu O.A. , Olajide A.A. , Dele P.A. , Wheto M. , Akinyemi B.T. , Jolaosho A.O. , Jokosenumi B.O. , Shonde T.J. 
Published: September 2020

This study was carried out to characterise Pennisetum purpureum harvested from some selected locations in S outh-W estern Nigeria using microsatellite markers. Leaf parts of growing young elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) were harvested and immediately preserved in ethanol solution before DNA extraction. Two (2) SSR primers (CTM59 and Xtxp278) were used to assess genetic diversity in Pennisetum purpureum. The result shows that 72% of the molecular variations in the elephant grass exists within the population with 28% among the population; there were no unique characteristics among the Nine (9) populations. Nei genetic index ranged from 0.067 (lowest) observed between Isokan and Odeda populations to 0.158 (highest), between Ifedore and Ikoyi Populations. Morphological characterization showed moderate diversity with two major clusters and one minor cluster.
Keyword: Elephant grass; cultivars; locations; markers
Responses of African yam bean (<i>Sphenostylis stenocarpa</i> [Hochst. Ex A. Rich]) accessions to viral diseases and serological identification of the associated viruses
Authors: Ogunsanya O.M. , Afolabi C.G. , Otusanya M.O. , Adebisi M.A. 
Published: September 2020

African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) is an orphan crop with lofty nutraceutical benefits grown in Africa. However, pests and diseases often hinder its productivity. Twenty accessions of African yam bean (AYB) were screened for resistance to viral diseases and symptomatic leaves were indexed for the presence of viruses. The Field experiments were conducted during the 2015/2016 cropping seasons (wet and dry seasons). The twenty accessions were grown in triplicates in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) on the field under natural infection and the resistance or susceptibility responses were recorded using visual symptom expression. The characteristic symptoms that were highly prevalent were leaf mosaic and leaf distortion. In both seasons, there were significant (P< 0.05) differences in the severity of these viral symptoms. Also, based on the severity of the symptoms observed in this study, 2 accessions were classified as resistant, 16 as susceptible and 2 accessions as highly susceptible. Two viruses were identified serologically namely Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV) and Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus (BlCMV). The sources of resistance identified in this study would be useful for breeders in developing virus resistant varieties for African yam bean improvement.
Keywords: African yam bean, Virus, Symptoms, ACP-Elisa, Screening.
PENGARUH VARIASI KERAPATAN SPORA Beauveria bassiana DAN KONSENTRASI LCPKS TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Oryctes rhinoceros
Authors: Fadhillah Muhammad Arif , Agustani Nur Ariyani , Irni Jurlaili 
Published: September 2020

Oryctes rhinoceros beetle is one of the pests that attacksimmature oil palm plants.This pest attacks oil palm plants in larvae or imago phase. This pest is usually damaging the respiratory roots, trunk bark, dry petiole,or periphery crown of oil palm leaves which can interferes the leaf growth and finally reduce the production even collapse the tree. Chemically pest control have the positive impact with faster pest death beside the negative impacts such as resistance, resurgence, disturbing human health and also environmental and ecosystem pollution. Biological control is one alternative pest control that is safe for the environment and can reduce chemical residues in agricultural products and environment. This study was conducted in Medan Denai district on July – Agustus 2019. This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of Beauveria bassiana and palm oil mill effluent to control Oryctes rhinoceros larvae. The method used in this study is a two factorial randomized block design (RBD), with 2 replications. The results of this study showed that the best density of Beauveria bassiana spores in controlling Oryctes rhinoceros larvae was 109 spores / ml and 50ml LCPKS (I2Q2) with death time of 40 hours, daily mortality 60%, total mortality 100%.
MAKNA BUDAYA OJIGI DALAM KEHIDUPAN ORANG JEPANG DEWASA INI (THE MEANING OF OJIGI CULTURE IN JAPANESE LIFE TODAY)
Authors: Piri Elvie N. 
Published: September 2020

Although Japan has progressed rapidly in the aspects of technology and science, yet its cultural values remain to be maintained. One of the cultural values that still exist until now is the expression of greeting gestured which is called ojigi. Nevertheless it is questionable as the times to what extent the present generation signify the culture of ojigi in their daily lives. Do they still practice ojigi and understand the meaning? To answer this question, two methods used in collecting data were library research and questionnaire. It was conducted directly in Japan to high school students and other youth. Based on the results of data analysis it is found that (1) Since the beginning ojigi is a greeting culture that has a great significance and practiced faithfully in the Japanese life. It has changed in Japanese society however as the times. (2) based on a questionnaire survey of young Japanese, it has indeed changed to the culture of ojigi. Some people have replaced it by shaking hands which is a western culture. Some even do not practice ojigi anymore.
BENTUK DAN PENGGUNAAN PRONOMINA PERSONA BAGI MAHASISWA STKIP BANJARMASIN (THE FORM AND USE OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS BY STKIP STUDENT IN BANJARMASIN)
Authors: Suryatin Eka 
Published: September 2020

This study discusses the forms and variations in the use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and variations in the use personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection is obtained by observation techniques, see, and record. Research data are in the form the speech used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin, Department of PBSID (Local or Indonesian Language and Literature Education). The results show that the using personal pronouns are three forms, namely the first person, second person, and third person. Based on the type of reference personal pronoun used by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are singular and plural pronoun.When it is viewed from the morphological distribution, there are a full form and a short form. The short forms are usually used in proclitic (appears before its host) and also enclitic (appear after its host). Personal pronouns used by the students in their speech are varied. Although they are in Banjar, they do not only use personal pronouns in Banjar language, a part of the students use the first person singular pronoun gue ‘aku’. Personal pronouns in Banjar language used by the STKIP students in Banjarmasin are the first person singular pronoun, ulun, unda, sorang, saurang and aku. First person singular pronoun aku has some variations –ku and ku- that are bound morpheme. First person plural is kami and kita. The second person pronouns are pian, ikam, nyawa, and kamu. Meanwhile, the third person singular pronouns are Inya and Sidin. The third person plural pronoun is bubuhannya. The use of personal pronouns by STKIP students in Banjarmasin are dominantly consist of five speech components only that are based on the situation, the partner, the intent, the content of the message, and how the speaker tells the speech.
PENGGUNAAN KATA SIFATけいようし[ I ] DAN KATA SIFAT けいようし[NA] DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA JEPANGPENGGUNAAN KATA SIFATけいようし[ I ] DAN KATA SIFAT けいようし[NA] DALAM KALIMAT BAHASA JEPANG (THE USE OF ADJECTIVES けいようし[I] AND ADJECTIVES けいようし[NA] IN JAPANESE SENTENCES)
Authors: Moniung Ilke Janemralina 
Published: September 2020

Japanese adjective（けいようし) is different with Indonesian adjective. Japanese adjective（けいようし）categorized into two kinds, adjective (けいようし） -i and -na ending. The Japanese -i ending should follow adjectives with the last letters at -ii, -ai, -oi and -ui. Therefore, these adjectives（けいようし） are knownas -i for example: oishii おいしい –delicious, chiisai ちいさい –small, omoshiroi おもしろい – interesting, warui わるい –ugly. Japanese adjective（けいようし） meaning keiyoushi serves to show the state, characteristic or feeling which has -i ending. The method used in this research was descriptive. It is a precise method to achieve a maximal achievement of the research -i . Based on the analysis, a conclusion can be drawn regard to the usage of sentence pattern of keiyoushi -i ending adjective, they are: 1. The usage of -i ending adjective is to explain a condition state of a thing. 2. The less understanding in -i ending adjective usage pattern and the various kinds of new adjective, unknown meaning or unlearn clearly and detail. Those adjective are misunderstood as well as less practice in Japanese sentence examples. It is hoped to read more Japanese sentence that used -i ending adjective, increase self motivation by learn precisely and correctly, searching related reference that connect to the -i ending adjective.
BENTUK DAN FUNGSI TEKS MANTRA
Authors: Mulyanto NFN , Suwatno Edi 
Published: September 2020

Mantra has a special form of language that is considered can connect people with things that are not concrete. The spelllanguage has poetic elements, such as rhyme and rhythm, and is considered to contain supernatural powers. The distinctivelanguage of the mantra needs to be studied in terms of form and function to be known by the people so that they will nothave wrong assumption on mantra. Data are obtained from various oral literary texts. This study uses the theory ofstructuralism of Jean Peager. The results show that the mantra language can be in the form of pantun, poetry, lyricprose, repetition of sound, and chant. Mantra has functions for kinship, treatment, pest eradication, immunity, games,health, love (compassion), and livelihood. AbstrakMantra memiliki bentuk bahasa khusus yang dianggap dapat menghubungkan manusia dengan halyang tidak konkret. Bahasa mantra berunsur puisi, seperti rima dan irama, dan dianggap mengandungkekuatan gaib. Bahasa yang khas pada mantra perlu dikaji bentuk dan fungsinya agar dapat diketahuioleh masyarakat sehingga mereka terhindar dari anggapan yang tidak benar terhadap mantra. Datadiperoleh dari berbagai teks sastra lisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori strukturalisme Jean Peager.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa mantra dapat berbentuk pantun, puisi, prosa lirik, pengulanganbunyi, dan kidung. Mantra memiliki fungsi untuk kekeluargaan, pengobatan, membasmi hama,kekebalan, permainan, kesehatan, cinta kasih (berkasih-kasihan), dan mata pencaharian.
Comprehensive analyses of source sensitivities and apportionments of PM2.5 and ozone over Japan via multiple numerical techniques
Authors: Chatani Satoru , Shimadera Hikari , Itahashi Syuichi , Yamaji Kazuyo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Source sensitivity and source apportionment are two major indicators representing source–receptor relationships, which serve as essential
information when considering effective strategies to accomplish improved air quality. This study evaluated source sensitivities and apportionments
of ambient ozone and PM2.5 concentrations over Japan with multiple numerical techniques embedded in regional chemical transport models,
including a brute-force method (BFM), a high-order decoupled direct method (HDDM), and an integrated source apportionment method (ISAM), to update
the source–receptor relationships considering stringent emission controls recently implemented in Japan and surrounding countries. We also
attempted to understand the differences among source sensitivities and source apportionments calculated by multiple techniques. While a part of
ozone concentrations was apportioned to domestic sources, their sensitivities were small or even negative; ozone concentrations were exclusively
sensitive to transport from outside Japan. Although the simulated PM2.5 concentrations were significantly lower than those reported by previous
studies, their sensitivity to transport from outside Japan was still relatively large, implying that there has been a reduction in Japanese
emissions, similar to surrounding countries including China, due to implementation of stringent emission controls. HDDM allowed us to understand the
importance of the non-linear responses of PM2.5 concentrations to precursor emissions. Apportionments derived by ISAM were useful in
distinguishing various direct and indirect influences on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations by combining with sensitivities. The results indicate
that ozone transported from outside Japan plays a key role in exerting various indirect influences on the formation of ozone and secondary
PM2.5 components. While the sensitivities come closer to the apportionments when perturbations in emissions are larger in highly non-linear
relationships – including those between NH3 emissions and NH4+ concentrations, NOx emissions and
NO3- concentrations, and NOx emissions and ozone concentrations – the sensitivities did not reach the
apportionments because there were various indirect influences including other sectors, complex photochemical reactions, and gas–aerosol
partitioning. It is essential to consider non-linear influences to derive strategies for effectively suppressing concentrations of secondary
pollutants.
Noesis, and Noema, and Gender—Oh My!
Authors: Rodemeyer Lanei 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
There is no doubt that phenomenology has something to offer to feminist philosophy and analyses of gender. We can see this already in the works of early women phenomenologists, such as Edith Stein and Simone de Beauvoir, as well as in several decades of work by more recent feminist phenomenologists. But who would have thought that Edmund Husserl's concepts of noesis and noema might contribute to contemporary work in feminist, gender, and transgender theories? While some feminist phenomenological work does turn to Husserl—rather than, say, to Maurice Merleau-Ponty or Beauvoir—most often these analyses refer to his work on embodiment (especially Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy [Ideas II] [1989]), his later work on the lifeworld (The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology [1970]), or those of his unpublished manuscripts which deal with questions of intersubjectivity, ethics, and society. In this article, I argue for the usefulness of these two terms, noesis and noema, which are often considered some of Husserl's most problematic—and, if I may say so, most conservative. I begin by providing a brief overview of Husserl's introduction of these terms and what they mean. I then turn to a few later sections in Husserl's Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, First Book: General Introduction to a Pure Phenomenology [Ideas I] [1983] in order to explain the nuances of this terminology. Finally, I demonstrate how these complex notions, and the methodology that accompanies them, can be employed in the service of analyses of gender, including transgender.
Toward a “Care-ful Geopolitics” of La Frontera in the Era of Trump
Authors: Velez Emma D. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Utilizing a decolonial feminist lens, I develop an account of a “care-ful geopolitics” as alternative approach to considering La Frontera in the era of Trump. Differing from “Great Wall geopolitics,” which relies on a colonial and imperialist imaginary, a care-ful geopolitics engages in a multiscalar analysis through a decolonial imaginary, attends to complexity and contextuality, and takes seriously interdependency. Prescriptively, I argue that a care-ful geopolitics entails a global “duty to care” for and about those humans, nonhumans, and ecosystems that will be impacted by the construction of Trump's “Great Wall.”