bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why comment? Interlingual commentaries in early modern India
Authors: Williams Tyler W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Asking the simple question of why writers in one language commented on works composed in another opens up a set of questions and problems for thinking through the relationships between languages and literary cultures and their development over time. The archive of Hindi literature—a set of literary vernaculars that came into use at the end of the fourteenth century and were assimilated into the modern standard language of Hindi during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—contains a wealth of commentarial literature, including commentaries in which Hindi writers commented on texts in Sanskrit—the privileged ‘cosmopolitan’ language of literature, science, and scripture. Despite the ubiquity of such commentaries, they have received almost no attention from modern scholars—the result of certain nationalist modes of literary historiography that counterpose Hindi and Sanskrit. This article attempts a preliminary history of commentarial writing in Hindi, outlining the motivations, strategies, and techniques behind different types of commentaries that were composed during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. Even this brief survey of commentarial writings reveals not only how writers thought about the relationship between Hindi and Sanskrit—which they understood to be two distinct species or modes of language—but also the techniques and operations through which they created new lexicons and metalanguages in the vernacular of Hindi. These commentaries reflect a type of renaissance that occurred during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries in northern India, characterised by new types of interpretive and analytical engagements with ‘classical’ works.
Radiotherapy for refractory eumycetoma: another weapon in the antifungal armoury?
Authors: Kumar Barik Sandip , Muraleedharan Anupam , Badajena Avinash , Ranjan Mahapatra Bikash , Ahmed Sk Soel , Sirka Chandra Sekhar , Sethy Madhusmita , Das Deepak Kumar , Das Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Parida Dillip Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Mycetoma is a chronic infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by both bacteria and fungi. Eumycetoma, caused by fungus, requires prolonged use of antifungals and/or surgery.

Methods:
In this scenario it has been attempted to treat a case of eumycetoma with an aim to improve the symptoms and to give an antifungal drug free period. Radiotherapy was delivered in two sittings. In the first sitting, 20 Gy in five fractions was given. Because of the excellent response to the radiotherapy, after 9 months, another 15 Gy was delivered in five fractions.

Results:
The symptom-free period extended for another 11 months, making a cumulative effect of 21 months.

Conclusion:
The use of radiotherapy in the salvage of refractory eumycetoma cases should be further explored.
Farmers' perceptions of permanent grasslands and their intentions to adapt to climate change influence their resilience strategy
Authors: Allart Lucie , Joly Frédéric , Oostvogels Vincent , Mosnier Claire , Gross Nicolas , Ripoll-Bosch Raimon , Dumont Bertrand 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Climate change will increase average temperatures and the frequency and intensity of summertime droughts; those shifts will in turn affect forage production in grassland-based livestock farms. Farmers will accordingly likely have to implement adaptation strategies to cope with the effects of climate change. We hypothesized that farmers' resilience strategies would depend on (i) their intention to adapt to climate change, which partly results from previous climate risk exposure, (ii) how they perceive the values and disvalues of multi-species permanent grasslands (PGs), and (iii) that both of the aforementioned factors would vary according to the geographical context of each farm. We carried out 15 semi-structured interviews with dairy cattle farmers in the French Massif Central; the farms were distributed along a range of climatic and topographic conditions. We used (i) the Model of Proactive Private Adaptation to Climate Change to analyze farmers' individual process of adaptation, (ii) the Integrated Nature Futures Framework to analyze farmers' perception of multi-species PGs, and (iii) text analysis to identify the farmers' adaptation strategies. Nine of the farmers felt that they were already adapted to climate change or that they had a plan in place to implement new adaptations in the future. We observed straightforward relationships between these farmers' perception of PGs and their choice of adaptation strategy; those relationships varied, however, with the geographical context of each farm. Farmers in the northern Massif Central and southern uplands highlighted the values of PGs and considered PGs to be central to their adaption strategies. Conversely, farmers in the southern lowlands mostly referred to the disvalues of PGs; they based their adaptation strategies on temporary grasslands and forage crops. Three of the farmers believed that climate change posed a significant risk, but they foresaw little room to maneuver. Despite acknowledging the values of PGs, those individuals did not intend to use PGs to adapt to climate change. The final three farmers did not intend to adapt to climate change; their reasoning stemmed from either a mindset of fatalism or their acknowledged desire to retire soon. Extreme events such as the summertime drought of 2003 and human factors such as intergenerational transmission of farm can accordingly facilitate or inhibit climate change-related adaptation. It is accordingly important to take into account both socio-psychological and environmental factors when analyzing how grassland-based farmers transition to more climate change-resilient systems.
Why mission-directed governance risks authoritarianism: lessons from East Asia
Authors: Cheang Bryan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recently, scholars have advanced an ideal of the entrepreneurial state in which industrial policy is pursued in a mission-directed manner. Crucially, this perspective does not merely call for the heavier use of industrial policy, but envisions the state as a central focal point, mobilising society around the pursuit of a common mission. Using the historical example of East Asia's developmental state, which closely resembles its contemporary variant, I demonstrate that mission-directionality – should it be consistently applied – tends towards the pursuit of a singular overarching mission, and could require the use of authoritarian and disciplinary mechanisms to sustain mission focus in an environment of uncertainty. In turn, this potential risk arises because mission-directionality seeks to transcend the otherwise directionless nature of market-based and democratic decision-making through the use of bureaucratic discretion, to align the behaviour of social actors in a cohesive and directional manner.
A case study of payments for ecosystem services and the need for integrated catchment management: experiences from the Westcountry Rivers Trust
Authors: Couldrick Laurence B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This case study uses the concept of ecosystem services and specifically payments for ecosystem services, alongside five experiences from the Westcountry Rivers Trust (WRT), which celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2024, to demonstrate the need for integrated catchment management (ICM). It highlights the multifaceted benefits that ecosystems provide to human well-being, the challenges faced in managing these often-siloed services and the role of ICM in preserving and enhancing multiple ecosystem services, focusing on the water-related drivers of flooding, drought, water quality and aquatic biodiversity. Through WRT projects this case study highlights practical applications and successes in managing ecosystem services at the catchment level and what considerations are needed for future integration and delivery of multi-benefit solutions. This paper is derived in part from the interviews and workshops undertaken as part of the Atlantic Area Interreg funded Triple C project (EAPA_772/2018), as well as contributions from the Horizon funded, InnWater project (Horizon EUROPE No. 101036683 and UKRI No. 10066637) and the OFWAT-funded, mainstreaming Nature-based Solutions.
FRABU-LRS: Fragebogen zur Unterrichtsanpassung bei Schülerinnen und Schülern mit LRS
Authors: Hannekum Rike , Schuchardt Kirsten , Mähler Claudia 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Ziel war die Entwicklung des Fragebogens zur Unterrichtsanpassung bei Schüler_innen mit LRS (FRABU-LRS), der die Lehrkräfteintention, den Unterricht an die Bedürfnisse von Schüler_innen mit LRS anzupassen sowie die Komponenten, die gemäß der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (TPB; Ajzen, 1991 ) diese Intention determinieren, erfasst. Hierzu wurden deutschlandweit 313 Lehrkräfte und 307 Lehramtsstudierende im Master of Education online befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Strukturgleichungsmodelle in der Lehrkräftestichprobe zeigten, dass mit dem Fragebogen die Verhaltensintention, allgemeine und verhaltensbezogene Einstellungen, verhaltensbezogene Überzeugungen, die Verhaltenskontrolle und subjektive Norm bei Lehrkräften reliabel und faktoriell valide erfasst werden können. Die faktorielle Validität konnte an der Studierendenstichprobe bestätigt werden. Zusätzlich zeigte sich, dass Messinvarianz vorliegt, allerdings müssen Einschränkungen berücksichtigt werden. Insgesamt bildet der FRABU-LRS die verschiedenen Konstrukte der TPB mit guten bis sehr guten psychometrischen Eigenschaften differenziert und theoriegeleitet ab und ermöglicht den Einsatz bei unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen und zur Ableitung von Interventions- und Professionalisierungsmaßnahmen von Lehrkräften.
Assessment of Strategic Knowledge of Learning From Errors in Higher Education
Authors: Pfost Maximilian , Hübner Vanessa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract: In higher education settings, students are confronted with learning materials and topics of great difficulty. Therefore, learning from errors and dealing with them in an adaptive way tends to be important. Besides facets such as error culture, students’ learning in such situations might differ due to individual differences in strategic knowledge of dealing with errors while learning. In this study, we developed a scenario-based test that aims to measure strategic knowledge of learning from errors in higher education settings. Besides cognitive–behavioral strategies, affective–motivational regulation strategies were considered and a standard of comparison was derived through expert rating. The article addresses the evaluation of the psychometric properties of this test in German. Analyses relied on a sample of 178 university students. Findings showed good signs of unidimensionality. Construct reliability and test difficulty tended to be lower than optimal. Relationships with students’ tendencies to deal adaptively with errors in learning were also explored. Finally, research desiderata and areas of application are discussed.
Pan‐Arctic Assessment of Coastal Settlements and Infrastructure Vulnerable to Coastal Erosion, Sea‐Level Rise, and Permafrost Thaw
Authors: Tanguy Rodrigue , Bartsch Annett , Nitze Ingmar , Irrgang Anna , Petzold Pia , Widhalm Barbara , von Baeckmann Clemens , Boike Julia , Martin Julia , Efimova Aleksandra , Vieira Gonçalo , Whalen Dustin , Heim Birgit , Wieczorek Mareike , Grosse Guido 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the vulnerability of Arctic coastal settlements and infrastructure to coastal erosion, Sea‐Level Rise (SLR) and permafrost warming. For the first time, we characterize coastline retreat consistently along permafrost coastal settlements at the regional scale for the Northern Hemisphere. We provide a new method to automatically derive long‐term coastline change rates for permafrost coasts. In addition, we identify the total number of coastal settlements and associated infrastructure that could be threatened by marine and terrestrial changes using remote sensing techniques. We extended the Arctic Coastal Infrastructure data set (SACHI) to include road types, airstrips, and artificial water reservoirs. The analysis of coastline, Ground Temperature (GT) and Active Layer Thickness (ALT) changes from 2000 to 2020, in addition with SLR projection, allowed to identify exposed settlements and infrastructure for 2030, 2050, and 2100. We validated the SACHI‐v2, GT and ALT data sets through comparisons with in‐situ data. 60% of the detected infrastructure is built on low‐lying coast (10 m a.s.l). The results show that in 2100, 45% of all coastal settlements will be affected by SLR and 21% by coastal erosion. On average, coastal permafrost GT is increasing by 0.8°C per decade, and ALT is increasing by 6 cm per decade. In 2100, GT will become positive at 77% of the built infrastructure area. Our results highlight the circumpolar and international amplitude of the problem and emphasize the need for immediate adaptation measures to current and future environmental changes to counteract a deterioration of living conditions and ensure infrastructure sustainability.
Combining Visible‐ and Infrared‐Wavelength Observations With Numerical Modeling to Describe Vulcanian Eruption Plumes at Sabancaya, Peru
Authors: Simionato R. , Jarvis P. A. , Rossi E. , Fries A. , Pistolesi M. , Aguilar R. , Bonadonna C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSabancaya volcano (Peru), is a stratovolcano in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. Since November 2016, it has been in constant activity, marked by daily multiple Vulcanian explosions. In this contribution, we first characterize the plumes generated by the explosions using visible‐ and infrared‐wavelength imagery, describing plume morphologies and quantifying rise rates. Through an analysis of plume morphology and rise rates, we find that plumes fall on a continuum between two end‐member classifications. Class A plumes are characterized by an amorphous head containing multiple vortices which may combine to form a vortex ring. These plumes have higher initial velocities (generally m and up to 40 m ) which monotonically decrease as the plume rises. Conversely, class B plumes have narrow, cylindrical morphologies and lack large vortical structures in the head. They have smaller initial velocities ( m ) and, after an initial rise, undergo stagnation followed by a short acceleration in rise velocity, before slowing down again. Secondly, we use a numerical model to invert our observations for eruptive source conditions, including the initial temperature, gas mass fraction and bulk density, as well as the air entrainment coefficient. From our numerical inversions, we find that these plumes have entrainment coefficients between 0.03 and 0.11. This work provides insight into the dynamics of transient plumes and highlights the need for better models to describe their dynamics.
Glacial Erosion Rates Since the Last Glacial Maximum for the Former Argentino Glacier and Present‐Day Upsala Glacier, Patagonia
Authors: Fedotova A. , Magnani M. B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecovering the patterns of glacial erosion over time is key to understanding feedbacks between climate and tectonic processes. Glacial erosion rates have been shown to systematically increase worldwide toward the present since the late Cenozoic, a behavior interpreted as the response of glaciers to a cooling and increasingly variable climate. However, the validity of this signal has been questioned, and suggested to be affected by the incompleteness of the sedimentary record, which can introduce a time dependent bias in the time averaged rates. In this study, we present new glacial erosion rates estimated from sediment accumulations in Lago Argentino, Patagonia, a proglacial basin with a nearly complete preserved sedimentary record. The erosion rates are estimated through the past 20,000 years and averaged over time intervals ranging from sub‐decadal to millennial, allowing us to explore erosion rate variability through time and within a glacial cycle. The data show that erosion rates have varied substantially, from 0.43 0.12 to 82.38 17.58 mm/yr, with no systematic increase (or decrease) through time. Rather, erosion occurs during discrete, intense events separated by times of quiescence. In addition, we find that glacial erosion rates have comparable magnitudes when averaged over similar time intervals. Our data show a power‐law increase in glacial erosion rates with decreasing averaging time interval, consistent with other observations globally. Given our observed intermittent character of glacial erosion, we attribute this increase to a time averaging bias, rather than to an escalation in magnitude of erosional pulses toward the present.
Foxp3 + Treg-derived IL-10 promotes colorectal cancer-derived lung metastasis
Authors: Shiri Ahmad Mustafa , Fard-Aghaie Mohammad , Bedke Tanja , Papazoglou Eleftherios D. , Sabihi Morsal , Zazara Dmitra E. , Zhang Siwen , Lücke Jöran , Seeger Philipp , Evers Maximilian , Hackert Thilo , Oldhafer Karl J. , Gondolesi Gabriel E. , Huber Samuel , Giannou Anastasios D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe lung is one of the most frequently metastasized organs from various cancer entities, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). The occurrence of lung metastasis correlates with worse prognosis in CRC patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-10 in lung metastasis development and identify the cellular source and target cells of IL-10 during lung metastatic establishment. To induce lung metastasis in mice, we injected MC38 murine colon cancer cells intravenously. Mice with Il10-deficiency were used to test the role of IL-10. The lung metastatic burden was assessed both macroscopically and histologically. IL-10- and Foxp3-reporter mice were employed to identify the cellular source and target cells of IL-10 in lung metastasis using flow cytometry. These findings were further confirmed using mice with cell-specific deletion of Il10- and IL-10 receptor (Il10ra). Interestingly, Il10 ablation led to reduced lung metastasis formation, suggesting a pathogenic role of IL-10 in lung metastasis. Moreover, using reporter mice, we identified Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) as the predominant cellular source of IL-10 in lung metastasis. Accordingly, Foxp3 + Treg-specific deletion of Il10 resulted in decreased lung metastasis formation. In terms of target cells, myeloid cells and Foxp3 + Tregs expressed high IL-10Ra levels. Indeed, IL-10 signaling blockade in these two immune cell populations resulted in reduced lung metastatic burden. In conclusion, Foxp3 + Treg-derived IL-10 was found to act on Foxp3 + Tregs and myeloid cells, thereby promoting lung metastasis formation. These findings provide insights into lung metastasis-related immunity and establish the groundwork for optimizing metastasis-targeting immunotherapies through targeting of IL-10 as a novel therapeutic strategy.
Assessing the impact of an environmentally friendly approach on irreversible dental hydrocolloid performance
Authors: Beuter Leonie , Bourauel Christoph , Singer Lamia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground: Impression materials can harbour microorganisms from saliva and blood, posing cross-contamination risks. However, post-setting disinfection might compromise the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of alginates. Hence, it was the aim of this research to assess the detail reproduction, tear strength, elastic recovery, and surface quality of the gypsum model of newly developed dental alginates with inherent antimicrobial properties. Methods: Three dental alginate groups with antimicrobial alterations were formulated. One group replaced water with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (CHX group), while the other two utilized water-based extracts of Syzygium aromaticum (SA, clove) or Zingiber officinale (ZO, ginger) to reduce silver nitrate, resulting in two silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/extract (clove or ginger) mixture solutions. These mixture solutions were employed for the preparation of dental alginate yielding the SA + AgNP and ZO + AgNPs groups. All modified groups were compared to an unmodified control group that used water for mixing. Elastic recovery, detail reproduction, and tear strength were assessed following the ISO 21563:2021 standard. The surface roughness of plaster models was analysed using the optical profilometer. Elastic recovery was assessed by applying and then releasing load on alginate specimens to measure their ability to recover from deformation. Detail reproduction was evaluated by observing the reproducibility of a 50 μm line in a metallic mold using a light microscope, while tear strength was determined by stretching the specimens until failure at a constant speed of 500 mm/min. Results: All tested groups exhibited elastic recovery values meeting ISO standards for hydrocolloid impression materials. Regarding detail reproduction, both the control and modified alginates successfully reproduced the 50-µm line without interruption in all specimens. Tear strength values for all tested groups remained within the acceptable documented ranges, surpassing the minimum requirement of 0.38 N/mm as mandated by ISO 21563:2021. The ZO + AgNPs (0.94 ± 0.17 N/mm) demonstrated significantly higher tear strength values and surface roughness values compared to the other tested groups. Conclusions: Chlorhexidine, Syzygium aromaticum, and Zingiber officinale green-synthesized silver nanoparticles are promising, cost-effective alternatives for disinfecting alginate impressions without compromising performance. Green nanoparticle synthesis is a safe, efficient, and non-toxic method, potentially synergizing metal ions with plant extract.
X and Q-band EMR study of ultrasmall Zn1−xMnxFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles fabricated under nonhydrolytic conditions
Authors: Rogalska Iwona , Cieniek Bogumił , Tomaszewska Anna , Kulpa-Greszta Magdalena , Krzemiński Piotr , Zarychta Bartosz , Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Pązik Robert 
Published: December 2024

Ultrasmall Zn1–xMnXFe2O4 ferrites were obtained by the thermal decomposition process. We report the effect of the Mn2+ substitution on particles magnetic behavior studied by the EMR technique.