bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological deformation and failure laws of boreholes in granite under thermo-mechanical coupling and its application in deep hole drilling of hot dry rock for geothermal energy exploitation
Authors: Xi Baoping , He Shuixin , Wu Yangchun , Chen Zepeng , Cui Jiming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The key technology issue in deep hole drilling of hot dry rock (HDR) for geothermal energy exploitation is the stability of the surrounding rock. The temperature and in situ stress of the borehole play a significant role in its deformation and instability under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. Based on the occurrence conditions of the granite reservoir of the Yangbajing geothermal field in Tibet, a research was conducted by means of experimental study, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, from which the following conclusions were drawn. (1) The deformation and failure laws of borehole are based on the physical experiment on granite specimen under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. (2) The Weibull distribution of the thermal expansion coefficient is used for establishing rock heterogeneity, and the COMSOL software is used to reproduce the temperature and stress distribution of the borehole during physical experiment, thus demonstrating the distribution of the temperature field, stress field, and displacement field under thermo-mechanical coupling (TMC) condition. (3) Based on the complete analysis of the temperature field and stress field, combined with the conclusions of the deformation and failure of granite specimen under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, the failure laws of borehole under the TMC condition were analyzed, as well as the critical conditions of borehole instability during deep hole drilling of HDR. (4) With the critical conditions of borehole instability during deep hole drilling of HDR, which the relation between the in situ stress σ and temperature T is σ = 241.9–0.3998 T. These conclusions have practical guiding significance to the stability control of the surrounding rocks of borehole in relation to projects such as geothermal energy exploitation from HDR, deep oil and gas resource extraction, and deep hole drilling in mainland China.
Detection of water-rich fractured rock masses along proposed railway tunnel routes using three-dimensional aero-electromagnetic methods
Authors: Zhengxuan XU , Dong YUAN , Zhiheng LIN 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Water inrush (gushing) is one of the primary hazards affecting the construction of underground engineering works, such as tunnels. The detection of water-rich fractured rock masses in the proposed routes of long trans-mountain tunnels is a significant engineering challenge. The traditional ground-based geophysical exploration methods are limited by rugged terrain. On the other hand, the aero-electromagnetic technique relies on differences in the resistivity of water-bearing and dry rocks to locate underground water. Using multi-dimensional geophysical data, this technique can improve the accuracy of exploration, locating masses of water-rich fractured rock along proposed routes of trans-mountain tunnels and guiding route selection. While promising, this technique is relatively young; thus, more research on their efficacy is required. In this study, aero-electromagnetic surveys of the Zheduoshan Tunnel of the Sichuan–Tibet Railway were conducted, and the feasibility and validity of the method were verified by directly collecting data from deep boreholes. The aero-electromagnetic technique is shown to have good application potential for improving the efficiency of geophysical exploration.
New Technology of Precise Geophysical Exploration for Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: shihang Zhong , Shucai Li , Rong Wang , Hongzhi Sun , Zefeng Wang , Xingzhi Ba 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It make traditional geophysical exploration method to adapt new requirement such as resolution of meter-level, error of depth = 5% and marking border of target and geological interface that a lot of construction of geotechnical projects and preventing geological disaster projects. Due to hard research of scientific workers for twenty years, several methods and technology can meet the requirement and some methods would get breakthrough and some also get some progress. About 10 methods will be introduced in this paper such as Landsonar, Differential electric sounding(DES), C-1 and so on, meanwhile, development direction of some methods will be introduced such as geological radar.
Formation mechanisms of the ancient giant basalt landslide in Yanyuan County, China
Authors: He Kun , Hu Xiewen , Liu Bo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study examined the Boli ancient landslide to improve the general understanding of the formation of ancient basalt landslides in the Emeishan large igneous province, China. The morphological, geomechanical, and structural features of the landslide were studied to reconstruct its characteristics. Field investigations, interpretations of remote sensing imagery, and topographical analyses were conducted to assess its formation mechanisms and to clarify the structural, geological, and geomorphological contexts in which the landslide developed. Inherited brittle tectonic features such as fault and joint sets determined the location, geometry, and development of rock slope failures. The Maijiaping thrust fault that cuts through the landslide area was found to be the major controlling factor in its evolution. The ductile tectonic features and sedimentary rock intercalations in the study area created the basal sliding surface for the landslide as it has weak mechanical properties and is hydrophilic unlike the surrounding basalt rock masses, resulting in a landslide-prone structure in the basalt slope.
Numerical investigation of coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical behavior of bentonite with joint in high-level radioactive waste disposal
Authors: Zhang Qi , Liu Yuemiao , Chen Liang , Cao Shengfei , Xie Jingli , Gao Yufeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Deep underground geological disposal is regarded as the most appropriate disposal conception for high-level radioactive waste (HLW). Bentonite is employed as buffer material placed between the surrounding rock and waste canister, and it is made into circular blocks with high densities that are stacked in the repository. However, joints between bentonite blocks are filled with crushed bentonite of low density, which has a significant influence on its mechanical and hydraulic behavior. In this paper, a coupled thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) model is proposed to study the performance of bentonite in the repository. Extended Barcelona Basic Model is adopted to study the mechanical deformation of bentonite, while the two-phase flow model is utilized to present the migration of water and gas in bentonite. Experimental results of Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model. Numerical simulations are conducted to obtain the evolution of saturation and temperature of bentonite using COMSOL software. The research results indicate that it takes 7.98 × 109 s for water to flow from the outer to inner boundary. Compared with the saturated process of bentonite, significantly less time is taken to achieve heat balance. Water flows faster in the joint than in blocks, and the water flow velocity in joint increases with the permeability increment, which causes the saturation degree to decrease near point A and increase near point B.
Research on the deformation and failure pattern of rock masses in dam foundations controlled by continuous gently inclined and discontinuous steeply inclined unconformities
Authors: Tan Chun , Ma Dong-he , Liu Zhong-fu , Gao Yin , Xu Xin-chuan , Zhang Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The rock masses of the sluice gate of the Datengxia Hydropower Station in Guangxi Province are selected in this study to conduct stability analysis by using Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) software. The investigated rock masses are composed of continuous soft layers with low dip angles as well as discontinuous structural fractures with high dip angles. The strength reduction method is used to determine whether the failure pattern is shear or compression type according to the displacement of key points, force imbalance, and plastic yield zone. The results show that the failure pattern of rock masses with continuous gently inclined and discontinuous steeply inclined unconformities is compression failure rather than regular shear failure. The reliability and rationality of this method are verified by comparing the results with those obtained by using a physical experiment model. Therefore, the results of the method proposed in this study can serve as a reference for similar engineering projects.
Research on extended hypoplastic model and its verification for deposits soil
Authors: Tian Hai , Zeng Kaihua , Zhang Hong , Lu Shoushan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to illustrate the mechanical properties of the coarse-grained deposits soil, a series of large scale triaxial tests of deposits soil from the southwest region of China were carried out. Based on the test data and the basic idea of hypoplasticity, the Wu-Bauer hypoplastic model was extended to describe the mechanical behavior of the deposits soil, so that the constructed equations were induced for developed analysis. The model parameter identification method was proposed for the establishment of extended hypoplastic constitutive model by using improved differential evolution algorithm, which was targeted to find the optimization of the error function between test and theoretical results instructed by the inverse analysis principle. Then, an optimization calculation program was written to achieve the identification of the constitutive model parameters, which showed that the proposed identification method was better than the conventional method of parameter determination. Moreover, the test data and numerical calculation of one-dimensional compression test and triaxial test were compared, which indicated that the extended Wu-Bauer hypoplastic model could reflect the different mechanical properties of the deposits soil under different initial conditions.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Sensitivity of Surrounding Rock Parameters for Underground Powerhouse Experience Support
Authors: Deng Si-wen , Zhang Hong-shan , Pang Qi , Li Zhe , Li Fan-fan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
At present, the design and construction of underground powerhouse support are still in the experimental stage. Moreover, before the construction of the underground cavern group, the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock mass cannot be accurately obtained. During the implementation process, these reasons may cause adjustments to the construction and design plans. To comprehensively evaluate the sensitivity of surrounding rock parameters, we used the multi-indicators, which have certain guiding significance for the accurate acquisition of surrounding rock parameters and the adjustment of empirical support schemes. This study combines the initial geological conditions of the underground powerhouse caverns of the hydropower station and the support scheme. We selected the key position deformation of the lining and the cable stress as the evaluation indicators. The elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, friction angle, and cohesion are the influencing factors for the comprehensive evaluation of sensitivity. The results show that the elastic modulus is a highly sensitive parameter for the empirical support scheme, the friction angle is a middling sensitive parameter, and the Poisson’s ratio is a low-sensitivity parameter. Moreover, it is reported that sensitivity is related to the selection of indicators.
The Sustainability of Students’ Development on Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP)
Authors: Chiwpreecha Kesinee , Prateepchotporn Jiratchaya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aims of this research are: to study the current and desirable states of the sustainability students’ development on sufficiency economy philosophy in school; to develop model of sustainability students ‘development on sufficiency economy philosophy for schools under the office of secondary educational area. Mixed - methods research approach is used consisted of four steps as follows: (1) study of 126 schools; (2) construction of a model; (3) verification of the model by 30 experts; (4) an evaluation of the model by a focus group of 15 experts, followed by final adjustments to the model. The research instruments are a questionnaire and an evaluation form. The data were analyzed by content analysis and descriptive statistics. The research results are as follows: The overall of current and desirable states of the sustainability students ‘development on sufficiency economy philosophy in school at high level and at the highest level respectively. Furthermore, the model is composed of four parts: The first part is the model of the sustainability students’ development. The second part is the principle and objective of model. The third part is an implementation process which consisted of four factors. They are management, curriculum development, teacher developments and students’ activities. The fourth part are conditions of implementing and success.
Study on the Ecological Thought in Guo Xuebo’s Novels
Authors: Liu Hu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the introduction of European and American eco-literary thoughts into China, more and more Chinese writers have turned their creative visions into the field of ecological culture combined with the current situation of human beings’ destruction of natural ecological environment in the era of industrialization in China. The series of ecological novels written by Guo Xuebo, an Inner Mongolia writer, is more concerned about the ecological crisis. The reconfirmation of animal life and the reflection on human nature have attracted more attention in the literary world.
An Investigation of Paper Mill Sustainable Development in Thailand-A Case Study of Double A Public Company Limited
Authors: Chen Gong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The main object of the study is to research Double A’s water treatment programs to give good suggestion to other factory that face the pollution problem and analyzed the development trend of waste-water treatment. To do an integrated analysis of the environmental problems caused by printing paper production is essential for improving the understanding of effective management of the environment in Thailand. Therefore, the overall objective of this paper is to analyze the environmental pressure of the printing paper industry in Thailand, and to identify options to reduce this pressure and evaluate their cost-effectiveness.
Computers in neutron science
Authors: Armstrong Jeff , Butler Keith T , Ryder Matthew R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Neutron scattering provides a sensitive probe for materials structure and dynamics and has had a profound impact on research ranging from quantum topological materials to archaeology to aerospace alloys. These experiments are incredibly data-rich and often challenging to interpret. Computational studies have been integral in the growing success of neutron science. From data collection and reduction to analysis and interpretation, computers are used at every stage of modern neutron experiments. State-of-the-art software allows for a deeper understanding of these powerful unique experiments. This themed issue, guest-edited by Dr. Jeff Armstrong, Dr. Keith T Butler, and Dr. Matthew R Ryder, brings together a collection of research highlighting the state-of-the-art in the application of computers in neutron science.
Enhanced nonlinear absorption and efficient power limiting action of Au/Ag@ graphite core-shell nanostructure synthesized by laser ablation
Authors: E Shiju , N K Siji Narendran , D Narayana Rao , K Chandrasekharan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Here we report a drastic enhancement of nonlinear absorption behaviour and exceptional optical limiting action of two core-shell systems (Au@graphite and Ag@graphite) prepared by adopting a fairly easy way in which we did not use any graphitic substrate. We carried out pulsed laser ablation of Au and Ag targets in toluene, monosubstituted benzene from which graphite layers of nanometer thickness has emerged as a result of photochemical reactions. The prepared samples were characterized and analyzed by UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM. Theoretical simulations of the core-shell nanostructures were done by the finite-difference time-domain method underlined the quenching of SPR in the case of both Au and Ag NPs by the graphitic layers evolved from toluene. Au and/or Ag@graphite core-shell structure exhibited a huge improvement in the nonlinear absorption behaviour and the optical limiting efficiency of these systems is found to be better than that of many benchmark optical limiters. The enhancement in nonlinear absorption property and the limiting actions of these systems were attributed to the enhanced excited-state absorption as well as free-carrier absorption arose as a result of the modification in the electronic structure of graphite on core-shell formation. Moreover, the metallic NPs also enhances nonlinear absorption through free-carrier absorption free-carrier absorption. So we believe these results are quite useful for guiding the characterization, monitoring the synthesis of similar nanostructures and for, the development of nanohybrids with desired properties for nonlinear optical, optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression
Authors: Rolls Edmund T , Cheng Wei , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area in emotion, and in the representation of reward value and in non-reward, that is not obtaining an expected reward. Cortical processing before the orbitofrontal cortex is about the identity of stimuli, i.e. ‘what’ is present, and not about reward value. There is evidence that this holds for taste, visual, somatosensory and olfactory stimuli. The human medial orbitofrontal cortex represents many different types of reward, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex represents non-reward and punishment. Not obtaining an expected reward can lead to sadness, and feeling depressed. The concept is advanced that an important brain region in depression is the orbitofrontal cortex, with depression related to over-responsiveness and over-connectedness of the non-reward-related lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and to under-responsiveness and under-connectivity of the reward-related medial orbitofrontal cortex. Evidence from large-scale voxel-level studies and supported by an activation study is described that provides support for this hypothesis. Increased functional connectivity of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex with brain areas that include the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex and angular gyrus is found in patients with depression and is reduced towards the levels in controls when treated with medication. Decreased functional connectivity of the medial orbitofrontal cortex with medial temporal lobe areas involved in memory is found in patients with depression. Some treatments for depression may act by reducing activity or connectivity of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. New treatments that increase the activity or connectivity of the medial orbitofrontal cortex may be useful for depression. These concepts, and that of increased activity in non-reward attractor networks, have potential for advancing our understanding and treatment of depression. The focus is on the orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans, because of differences of operation of the orbitofrontal cortex, and indeed of reward systems, in rodents. Finally, the hypothesis is developed that the orbitofrontal cortex has a special role in emotion and decision-making in part because as a cortical area it can implement attractor networks useful in maintaining reward and emotional states online, and in decision-making.
Forever Connected: The Lifelong Biological Consequences of Fetomaternal and Maternofetal Microchimerism
Authors: Bianchi Diana W , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Way Sing Sing , MacKenzie Tippi C , Bajema Ingeborg , O’Donoghue Keelin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Originally studied as a mechanism to understand eclampsia-related deaths during pregnancy, fetal cells in maternal blood have more recently garnered attention as a noninvasive source of fetal material for prenatal testing. In the 21st century, however, intact fetal cells have been largely supplanted by circulating cell-free placental DNA for aneuploidy screening. Instead, interest has pivoted to the ways in which fetal cells influence maternal biology. In parallel, an increasing appreciation of the consequences of maternal cells in the developing fetus has occurred.

Content
In this review, we highlight the potential clinical applications and functional consequences of the bidirectional trafficking of intact cells between a pregnant woman and her fetus. Fetal cells play a potential role in the pathogenesis of maternal disease and tissue repair. Maternal cells play an essential role in educating the fetal immune system and as a factor in transplant acceptance. Naturally occurring maternal microchimerism is also being explored as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplant in fetal hematopoietic disorders.

Summary
Future investigations in humans need to include complete pregnancy histories to understand maternal health and transplant success or failure. Animal models are useful to understand the mechanisms underlying fetal wound healing and/or repair associated with maternal injury and inflammation. The lifelong consequences of the exchange of cells between a mother and her child are profound and have many applications in development, health, and disease. This intricate exchange of genetically foreign cells creates a permanent connection that contributes to the survival of both individuals.
The de Winter electrocardiogram pattern in a 52-year-old-male: a case report
Authors: Di Toro Matthew , Weissbacher Stephen , Wakeling Jarrod , Stub Dion 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the primary test for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) secondary to acute coronary occlusion or near occlusion, with insufficient collateral circulation. Decisions regarding urgent reperfusion are based on whether or not there’s new ST-segment elevation. The de Winter ECG pattern is a distinct ECG pattern without any ST-segment elevation, it may be missed by anyone unfamiliar with it.

Case summary
We present a case whose chief complaint was severe central chest pain, the patient was diagnosed with acute MI secondary to a culprit lesion in the left anterior descending artery, despite the ECG not meeting standard STEMI criteria. After the ECG’s significance was recognized by paramedics, the patient received immediate percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting and was discharged home after a brief hospital admission.

Discussion
In some cases, acute MI presents with ECG features that do not meet the standard criteria for STEMI diagnosis. The de Winter ECG pattern is one such example. This pattern should be immediately recognizable to those responsible for the activation of the catheterization laboratory, physicians, and paramedics included.