bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF PICTURE AND PICTURE MODELS IN IMPROVING WRITING SKILLS DESCRIPTION CLASS IV STUDENT SUB THEMES THE WORK OF MY PARENTS MI MODERN MUTIARA IMAN KECAMATAN NGUNUT DISTRICT TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Wiratama Novialita Angga 
Published: May 2020

Based on observations during the learning process in Class IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Modern Mutiara Iman students in writing activities, before writing a description of student activities listening to the teacher's explanation about writing a description through writing essays. Then, reading the text in the book, listing and interpreting difficult words with the group after that students with the group write a description essay then exchange the results of work on other groups. Individual students are given homework assigning descriptions with free themes. From the results of student writing there are some errors. From the results of interviews with students obtained data that students have difficulty in pouring ideas into writing. This can be seen in the unorganized writing ideas that will be developed, the suitability of cohesion and low coherence. Students immediately write what is in their minds without making a framework first. Students are less able to develop sentences into coherent paragraphs. There are many errors in the use of punctuation and spelling. This study aims to improve (1) the application of picture and picture models to improve description writing skills in Class IV students at MI Modern Mutiara Iman (2) increase learning outcomes of writing description skills in Class IV students at MI Modern Mutiara Iman. The subjects of this study were Class IV MI Modern Mutiara Iman students in the 2019/2020 school year with a total of 34 students. This type of research is a classroom action research (CAR) with three cycles, including four stages, namely: 1) planning, 2) implementing actions, 3) observations, and 4) reflection. Data collection techniques used in this study include: interviews, observations, tests, questionnaires, documentation, field notes. The results of the research during the process of writing descriptions in each cycle obtained data from 34 students in the first cycle as many as 14 students passed grade the specified scor 70. In the second cycle 26 students passed grade and 31 students passed grade in the third cycle. There are 2 students do not passing grade because they have difficulty writing essay writing so that they need more intensive study guidance compared to their peers.
Comparative efficacy of autologous versus cadaveric saphenous vein grafts in cerebral revascularization surgery
Authors: Stapleton Christopher J. , Hussein Ahmed E. , Behbahani Mandana , Alaraj Ali , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Charbel Fady T. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
Cerebral bypasses are performed for the purpose of either flow augmentation for ischemic cerebrovascular disease or flow replacement for vessel sacrifice during complex aneurysm or tumor surgery. Saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) are commonly used interposition grafts. The authors of this study sought to compare the efficacy of autologous versus cadaveric SVGs in a large series of cerebral bypasses using interposition vein grafts with long-term angiographic follow-up.

METHODS
All intracranial bypass procedures performed between 2001 and 2018 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, angiographic, and operative data were recorded and then analyzed according to SVG type.

RESULTS
A total of 308 consecutive intracranial bypasses were performed during the study period, 53 (17.2%) of which were bypasses with an interposition SVG (38 autologous, 15 cadaveric). At a median follow-up of 2.2 months (IQR 0.2–29.1), 39 (73.6%) bypasses were patent (26 [68.4%] autologous, 13 [86.7%] cadaveric, p = 0.30). Comparing autologous and cadaveric SVG recipients, there were no statistically significant differences in age (p = 0.50), sex (p > 0.99), history of smoking (p = 0.75), hypertension (p > 0.99), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.13), indication for bypass (p = 0.27), or SVG diameter (p = 0.65). While there were higher intraoperative (autologous, 100.0 ml/min, IQR 84.3–147.5; cadaveric, 80.0 ml/min, IQR 47.3–107.8; p = 0.11) and postoperative (autologous, 142.2 ml/min, IQR 76.8–160.8; cadaveric, 92.0 ml/min, IQR 69.2–132.2; p = 0.42) volumetric flow rates in the autologous SVGs compared to those in the cadaveric SVGs, the difference between the two groups did not reach statistical significance. In addition, the blood flow index, or ratio of postoperative to intraoperative blood flow, for each bypass was similar between the groups (autologous, 1.3, IQR 0.9–1.6; cadaveric, 1.5, IQR 1.0–2.3; p = 0.37). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed no difference in bypass patency rates over time between autologous and cadaveric SVGs (p = 0.58).

CONCLUSIONS
Cadaveric SVGs are a reasonable interposition graft option in cerebral revascularization surgery when autologous grafts are not available.
Critical role of platelet-derived growth factor–α in angiogenesis after indirect bypass in a murine moyamoya disease model
Authors: Hayashi Tomohide , Yamamoto Seiji , Hamashima Takeru , Mori Hisashi , Sasahara Masakiyo , Kuroda Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to clarify the underlying mechanism of pathognomonic angiogenesis between the temporal muscle and neocortex after indirect bypass for moyamoya disease by shedding light on the role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor–α (PDGFRα) in angiogenesis.

METHODS
The gene for PDGFRα was systemically inactivated in adult mice (α-KO mice). The Pdgfra-preserving mice (Flox mice) and α-KO mice were exposed to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) by using microcoils. One week later the animals underwent encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) on the right side. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was serially measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter. Histological analysis was performed on the distribution of CD31-positive vessels and collagen deposit at 28 days after BCAS. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of collagen mRNA in the skin fibroblasts derived from Flox and α-KO mice.

RESULTS
BCAS significantly reduced CBF up to approximately 70% of the control level at 28 days after the onset. There was no significant difference in CBF between Flox and α-KO mice. EMS significantly enhanced the improvement of CBF on the ipsilateral side of Flox mice, but not α-KO mice. EMS significantly induced the development of CD31-positive vessels in both the neocortex and temporal muscle on the ipsilateral side of Flox mice, but not α-KO mice. Deposition of collagen was distinctly observed between them in Flox mice, but not α-KO mice. Expression of mRNA of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1) and collagen type 3 alpha 1 (Col3a1) was significantly downregulated in the skin fibroblasts from α-KO mice.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study that denotes the role of a specific growth factor in angiogenesis after EMS for moyamoya disease by inactivating its gene in mice. The findings strongly suggest that PDGFRα signal may play an important role in developing spontaneous angiogenesis between the temporal muscle and neocortex after EMS in moyamoya disease.
Compassionate use of a custom 3D-printed sacral implant for revision of failing sacrectomy: case report
Authors: Chatain Grégoire P. , Finn Michael 
Published: May 2020

Reconstruction of the spinopelvic continuity after sacral resection for primary sacral tumors remains challenging. Complex anatomical and biomechanical factors of this transition zone may be addressed with the advancement of 3D-printed implants. Here, the authors report on a 67-year-old patient with a sacral chordoma who initially underwent total en bloc sacrectomy followed by standard spinopelvic reconstruction. Pseudarthrosis and instrumentation failure of the lumbosacral junction construct subsequently developed. A custom 3D-printed sacral prosthesis was created using high-resolution CT images. Emergency Food and Drug Administration approval was obtained, and the custom device was implanted as a salvage reconstruction surgery. Made of porous titanium mesh, the custom artificial sacrum was placed in the defect based on the anticipated osteotomic planes and was fixed with a screw-rod system along with a fibular bone strut graft. At the 18-month follow-up, the patient was disease free and walking short distances with assistance. CT revealed excellent bony incorporation into the graft.The use of a custom 3D-printed prosthesis in spinal reconstruction has been rarely reported, and its application in sacral reconstruction and long-term outcome are novel. While the implant was believed to be critical in endowing the region with enough biomechanical stability to promote healing, the procedure was difficult and several key learning points were discovered along the way.
Penerapan Lesson Study dalam Perkuliahan Matematika Dasar pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Pasir Pengaraian
Authors: Isharyadi Ratri , Eka Afri Lusi , Annajmi Annajmi 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran matematika dasar melalui kegiatan lesson study bagi mahasiswa pendidikan biologi universitas pasir pengaraian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di program studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Pasir Pengaraian dengan subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa S-1 yang mengambil mata kuliah matematika dasar tahun akademik 2019/2020 semester ganjil. Pelaksanaan penelitian menggunakan tahapan plan, do dan see. Instrument penelitian berupa lembar observasi, rekaman video dan hasil pekerjaan mahasiswa berupa lembar kerja mahasiswa. Data hasil observasi dianalisis secara deskriptif, data hasil belajar matematis peserta didik dianalisis untuk mengetahui proses pembelajaran matematika dasar melalui lesson study. Pelaksanaan Lesson Study di perkuliahan Matematika Dasar secara garis besar berjalan dengan baik. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran berjalan sesuai dengan yang direncanakan. Selama proses pembelajaran, mahasiswa terlibat aktif dalam mempelajari materi perkuliahan. Hasil belajar yang diperoleh dari turnamen diakhir pelajaran menunjukkan tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Pelaksanaan lesson study dapat memberikan wadah untuk para pendidikan saling berbagi pengalaman tentang praktek terbaik dalam pembelajaran. Kolaborasi antar dosen dalam mempersiapkan dan melaksanakan pembelajaran memberikan hasil yang baik dalam proses dan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Rangkaian kegiatan pembelajaran tersebut ternyata dapat meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran dan juga pemahaman mahasiswa dalam memahami materi perkuliahan. Walaupun demikian, masih terdapat beberapa perbaikan yang harus dilakukan untuk kedepannya
Evaluation of intercellular communication between normal human prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cell lines in co-culture model
Authors: Samli Hale , Samli DuruTalya , Ardicli Sena , Samli Murat , Vatansever Buse 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Recent evidences have provided new aspects to metastasis formation with respect to intercellular communication/interaction. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to present an in vitro co-culture-principle application for intercellular communication between normal human prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS: Two prostate cancer cell-lines including androgen-independent DU-145 and PC-3 and the PNT1A, normal human prostate epithelial cell-line, were used in co-culture design. Prostate cancer cells and normal prostate epithelial cells were allowed to grow on the same culture medium without direct cell-to-cell contact and to communicate with each other. After a period of six-days, expression profiles of seven marker genes, including EGFR, SOX2, CD133, CD44, CASPASE 3, CASPASE 9, and IL-6 were determined using qPCR analysis. Comparison of experimental co-cultures with control groups was performed based on repetitive measurements. RESULTS: Expression analysis indicated that several of the genes were expressed at different levels in DU145 and PC-3 cells co-cultured with PNTA1. In this context, SOX2, CASPASE 9, and IL-6 genes were over-expressed up to 2–16 times in co-culture set up. CONCLUSIONS: This study may provide important clues regarding intercellular communication between normal and cancer cell lines. However, further experiments are needed to confirm the present results and to evaluate novel aspects of cancer development.
Contents Vol. 33 no. 2 July – December 2018
Authors: Head and Neck Surg Philipp J Otolaryngol 
Published: May 2020

EDITORIAL
4 A Dozen Years, A Dozen Roses
Lapeña JF
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
6 Efficacy of Clarithromycin Versus Methylprednisolone in the Treatment of Non-Eosinophilic and Eosinophilic Nasal Polyposis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Gammad JC, Chua AH, Templonuevo-Flores CS
14 Simulation Platform for Myringotomy with Ventilation Tube Insertion in Adult Ears
Chan AL, Carrillo RJD, Ong KC
21 Prevalence of Supraorbital Ethmoid Air Cells among Filipinos
Carlos ALC, Gelera JE
24 Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis and Hypocalcemia in Superior to Inferior Compared to Inferior to Superior Dissection Approaches in Thyroidectomy
Yu RD
28 Pathologic Laryngoscopic Findings, Number of Years in Teaching, and Related Factors among Secondary Public-School Teachers in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental
Mundo NP, Vinco VV
32 Tracheal Diameter Estimates Using Age-Related Formula Versus Radiographic Findings: Which Approximates the Actual Tracheostomy Tube in Pediatric Patients?
De Guzman ICS
CASE REPORTS
37 Lethal Midline Granuloma in a 15-Year-Old Girl: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Gonzales ICA
41 Tuberculosis of the Temporomandibular Region
Santos JM, Reala ET
45 Crab Shell Impaction in the Larynx with Aphonia
Parekh NM, Kashyap PR
SURGICAL INNOVATION AND INSTRUMENTATION
48 PHONETOVOX: A Novel Device for Alaryngeal Speech
Econ ME, Soriano RG
53 Can Modified Laryngosternopexy (Laryngoclaviculopexy) Project the Larynx Anteriorly?
Carrillo RJC, Lapeña JF
FEATURED GRAND ROUNDS
56 Cleft Beyond the Lip and Palate: A Bilateral Tessier Cleft
Canta LAB
FROM THE VIEWBOX
60 Pulsatile Tinnitus Due to a Sigmoid Sinus Diverticulum and/or Dehiscence
Yang NW
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
62 Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma
Carnate JM, Abelardo AD
PASSAGES
64 Armando T. Chiong, Sr. (1930 - 2018)
Jamir JC
65 Carlos P. Dumlao (1950 - 2018)
Pontejos AQY
One in Research as One PSO-HNS
Authors: Poblete Danilo 
Published: May 2020

Research is the tool that unravels what people have seen and ponder on ideas which nobody else has thought. As Neil Armstrong stated, Research is creating new knowledge. This percipience ignites development of every individual.
For this reason, the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (PSO-HNS) is committed to its objective of contributing insights and skills in the diagnosis and treatment of ENT-Head and Neck ailments. Fellows Research Grants are available to augment the expenses incurred during the process.
The various research contests hosted by the society through the commendable efforts and passion of our Vice-President and concurrent Scientific Chair Dr. Erasmo Gonzalo D. V. Llanes will continue to be the source of academic writings for the internationally recognized Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (PJOHNS).
Our society recognizes the wisdom and leadership of the PJOHNS Editor-in-Chief Dr. Jose Florencio F. Lapeña, Jr. in maintaining the international stature of our publication
However, the task should be a collaborative effort of everyone and not limited to our training institutions.
We should be One in Research as One PSO-HNS! We should be One in Research as One PSO-HNS!
Contents Vol. 34 no. 1 January – June 2019
Authors: Head and Neck Surg Philipp J Otolaryngol 
Published: May 2020

EDITORIAL
4 Authorship Controversies: Gift, Guest and Ghost Authorship
Lapeña JF
META-ANALYSIS
6 Morbidity Outcomes of Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection with Total Thyroidectomy versus Total Thyroidectomy Alone in Patients with Node-Negative Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Sison CZI, Fernando AF, Gutierrez TMDG
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
14 Levothyroxine versus Levothyroxine with Iodine in Reduction of Thyroid Nodule Volume: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Segocio DJD, Cachuela JE
20 The Use of Bony Septum as an Extended Spreader Graft in Primary and Secondary Rhinoplasty
Que-Ansorge C, Yap EC
26 Clinical Profile of Filipino Patients with Epistaxis in a University Hospital
Gutierrez TMD, Lerma FJV
30 Advanced Laryngotracheal Stenosis Patients in a Tertiary Provincial Government Hospital: A Prospective Case Series
Villanueva JVM, Soriano RG
34 Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Hospital in the Philippines
Hernandez AKM, Cabungcal ACA
38 Usability of a Smartphone Application for Preoperative Facial Analysis for Rhinoplasty among ENT Surgeons
Padua PFC, Dela Cruz APIC, Pascual RC, Cambe SMM
CASE REPORTS
44 Aggressive Tuberculous Otitis Media in a Young Child
Canta LAB, Dizon APJE, Abes FLLB
48 Non-Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak from a Sphenoid Sinus Midline Roof Defect Previously Managed as Allergic Rhinitis
Formalejo JPD, Amable JPM
52 Arteriovenous Malformation of the Mandible in a Young Postpartum Woman
Mercado GAG, Delovino KAE, Carpela AB
56 Intraosseus Arteriovenous Malformation of the Mandible: Extracorporeal Curettage and Immediate Replantation
Tongol EA, Pontejos AQY, Fullante PB, Cabungcal ACA, Ong KMC
SURGICAL INNOVATION AND INSTRUMENTATION
60 Autologous Tracheal Cartilage Composite Graft for a Subglottic Defect after Laryngotracheal Resection for Invasive Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Crisostomo MV, Ureta CV
FEATURED GRAND ROUNDS
64 Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Larynx and Anterior Neck
Pabayos GS, Chiong AM
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
68 Intracapsular Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma
Carnate JM, Masalunga MC
Contents Vol. 34 no. 2 July – December 2019
Authors: Head and Neck Surg Philipp J Otolaryngol 
Published: May 2020

EDITORIAL
4 Open Access: DOAJ and Plan S, Digitization and Disruption Lapeña JF
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
7 Nasopharyngeal Tuberculosis in a Philippine Tertiary General Hospital
Gomez MAT, Villarta RL, Caro RM, Manasan CVC, Carnate JM
11 Salivary pH and Taste Sensitivity among Geriatric and Non-Geriatric Patients in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Crisostomo MV, Ureta CV
16 Timing of Tracheostomy, Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation and Duration of Hospitalization among a Sample of Pediatric Patients
Ferrolino JBA, Lapeña JFF, Carrillo RJD
20 Timing of Tracheostomy and Outcomes in Adults with Moderate and Severe Tetanus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Espinosa WZ, Vinco VV
24 Association of Ultrasonographic Findings and Thyroid Malignancy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Trinchera CS, Cruz ETS
29 Maxillofacial Gunshot and Blast Injuries Seen in a Tertiary Military Hospital
Garimbao JFP
32 Facial Paralysis in Longitudinal versus Oblique and Otic-Sparing versus Non Otic-Sparing Temporal Bone Fractures
Chua RJ, Lacanilao RC
CASE REPORTS
35 Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease in a Filipino Boy: A Case Report
Escalderon JRDJ, Monroy AA
39 Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A Case Report
Villanueva LMB
42 Emergent Reconstruction of Laryngeal Penetrating Neck Injury: A Case Report
Pecolera RS, Onofre RDC
47 Autologous Fat Transfer to Improve Aesthetic Appearance in Facial Asymmetry from Parry-Romberg Syndrome: A Case Report
Sison MNK, Cruz ETS, Fernandez MAR
FEATURED GRAND ROUNDS
52 Left Hemifacial Lymphatic Malformation in a Nine-Year-Old Boy
Cambe SMM, Rabo JIS, Navarro-Locsin CGS
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
55 Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia
Inoferio KSA, Agbay RLM, Carnate JM
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REACT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SIKAP ILMIAH DAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IX B SMP N 3 SELOMERTO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Wati Yudi Setya 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran REACT .Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Desember 2018, semester gasal Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Yang menjadi subyek penelitian adalah Peserta Didik kelas IXB SMP Negeri 3 Selomerto. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas.Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Untuk mengungkap data sikap ilmiah digunakan lembar observasi, sedangkan hasil belajar diukur menggunakan soal pada tiap-tiap akhir siklus. Data kuantitatif untuk mengukur peningkatan hasil belajar, dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif komparatif yaitu membandingkan nilai pra siklus, siklus 1 dan siklus 2. Data kualitatif untuk mengukur sikap ilmiah dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif.Dari hasil penelitian pengolahan dan analisis data , terjadi peningkatan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar peserta didik . Dari pra siklus sampai siklus 2 terjadi peningkatan sikap ilmiah cukup signifikan yakni rata-rata 60,72 menjadi 75,00, sedangkan rata-rata hasil belajar meningkat dari 68,18 menjadi 79,5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model REACT dapat meningkatkan sikap ilmiah dan hasil belajar IPA.
PENGGUNAAN VIDEO REFLEKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGOMUNIKASIKAN HASIL PENGAMATAN BAGI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIIG SMPN 1 WONOSOBO PADA SEMESTER II TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Priyanto Heri 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengomunikasikan hasil pengamatan dan hasil belajar bagi peserta didik kelas VIIG SMPN 1 Wonosobo pada semester II tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 dengan menggunakan video reflektif. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VIIG SMPN 1 Wonosobo pada tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan lembar pengamatan dan tes hasil belajar peserta didik. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mengomunikasikan peserta didik meningkat dari 65 menjadi 78 pada akhir siklus I dan 94 pada akhir siklus I dan II. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan video reflektif dapat meningkatkan nilai rata-rata hasil ulangan harian dari 80 menjadi 93 pada akhir siklus II. Pada aspek sikap peserta didik terdapat perubahan pada peduli lingkungan, kerja sama, dan mandiri dari 34, 63, dan 29 menjadi 94, 99, dan 89 pada akhir siklus II.
Tiempo de ser diferente, tiempo de ser teacherpreneur y motivar estudiantes
Authors: Huaita Acha Cristian Abel 
Published: May 2020

Uno de los factores determinantes del fracaso y deserción en la educación superior es la falta de motivación, un gran número de estudios ha hecho evidente que muchas instituciones educativas no generan ese vínculo especial entre el disfrute del estudiante en aula y las metodologías utilizadas por el docente. Ante la necesidad de motivar estudiantes a niveles adecuados, la investigación encontró en el “teacherpreneur” o docente emprendedor, a un modelo de docente que respaldado por su metodología y preparación procura que el estudiante forje actitud positiva hacia su futura profesión y se mantenga constantemente motivado. La investigación de tipo experimental y diseño pre experimental buscó demostrar la influencia positiva del teacherpreneur sobre la motivación del estudiante y para tal fin se aplicó en Lima, Perú, en una escuela de negocios, un pre-test y un post-test, antes y después de recibir clases con teacherpreneurs, de tal forma que se compararon los niveles de motivación iniciales con los finales y se obtuvieron resultados categóricos que demostraron el grado significativo de influencia que un teacherpreneur ejerce sobre la motivación de sus estudiantes. Por ello la motivación es el eje impulsor que moviliza toda conducta.