bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand and foot exercises for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Win Mi Mi Thet Mon , Fukai Kiyoko , Nyunt Htwe Htwe , Linn Khaing Zaw 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExercises for diabetic peripheral neuropathy remain controversial, especially with regard to recommended precautions and weightbearing exercises for individuals. We aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of simple hand, finger, and foot exercises in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. After randomization, exercise (n = 51) and control (n = 53) groups received usual care and diabetic foot care education; only the exercise group performed exercises. Primary outcomes, including activities of daily living (assessed using the Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire), neuropathy severity (monofilament and vibration test), and pain (behavioral rating scale and Visual Analog Scale), and secondary outcomes, including physical function of the hand and foot (grip, pinch, finger counting time, and Timed Up and Go tests), were assessed at baseline, after the 8‐week intervention, and at the 16‐week follow‐up. The exercise group showed significantly stronger improvements in motor score and specific activities of daily living, such as climbing stairs and performing work or chores. Our exercises can be used to improve limb function in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
Severe methemoglobinemia due to topical dapsone misuse in a teenage girl
Authors: Yale Sarah , Stefanko Nicole , McCarthy Patrick , McFadden Vanessa , McCarthy James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDapsone gel is a topical treatment for facial acne in adolescents and adults, and while systemic dapsone therapy is known to be associated with methemoglobinemia, once‐daily topical dapsone has been well tolerated with few side effects in large randomized controlled trials. We describe the first reported case of severe methemoglobinemia in a healthy adolescent using daily topical dapsone. Although the medication was prescribed for facial use only, the patient reported topical use over her back and chest as well. This case illustrates the potential for significant systemic dapsone absorption even with daily topical dosing and demonstrates the need for clear anticipatory guidance to prevent the potential morbidity and mortality associated with methemoglobinemia from improper topical dapsone use.
Thalidomide: An option for the pediatric patient with actinic prurigo
Authors: Watts‐Santos Anabella , Martinez‐Rico Jessica Carolina , Gomez‐Flores Minerva , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Alba‐Rojas Erika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractActinic prurigo (AP) is an immune‐mediated photodermatosis that usually starts in childhood and is predominant among American indigenous and mestizo communities. In adults with AP, thalidomide is the treatment of choice; however, there is little information on its use in pediatric patients. We report the case of a 10‐year‐old girl with AP treated successfully with thalidomide.
Feed‐based common carp farming and eutrophication: is there a reason for concern?
Authors: Roy Koushik , Vrba Jaroslav , Kaushik Sadasivam J. , Mraz Jan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetadata from 70 research articles on Cyprinus carpio digestibility published between 1973 and 2017, covering 71 feed ingredients, were analysed. Interquartile range (IR) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in feedstuffs was 5–8% and 0.7–1.2% of dry matter, respectively, with digestible N:P 7.2:1–44.1:1. IR of N digestibility (79–99%) was high, whereas IR of P digestibility (27–47%) was rather poor. Dietary energy digestibility (gross energy and non‐protein energy) was >76%. Higher P in feedstuffs caused significant negative interferences for N digestibility. IR of nutrient content in carp faeces was estimated at 0.5–1.7% N and 0.4–0.9% P. Considering the metabolic losses, the carp excreta have an ‘eutrophic’ N:P ratio (2.1:1–5.8:1). Eutrophication potential from feeding seems linked to P digestibility followed by bad protein profile of diets. While brewery wastes, microbial protein and natural prey offer high P digestibility (75–90%), large knowledge gaps still exist in P digestibility of various ingredients. Thermal processing does not always improve P digestibility; acidic pre‐incubation with phytases (optimum: 1500–2000 IU kg−1 feed) is worth exploring. Under semi‐intensive system, digestible ‘supplementary’ nutrients (N: 3.3–4.9%, P: 0.2–0.5%; even lower) can support at least 0.6–1.2 thermal growth coefficient (reasonable growth) and be ecologically relevant. We further considered validity of data within experimental conditions; effects on N/P utilization; non‐faecal losses (IRs 17–59% of N intake; 9–18% of P intake); and controversies over eutrophication. Recent eutrophication of carp fishponds might have been rather ‘management‐driven’ than carp's biological limitations. Ameliorative measures are outlined.
Geochronology and fluid source constraints of the Songligou gold‐telluride deposit, western Henan Province, China: Analysis of genetic implications
Authors: Wang Peng , Jian Wei , Mao Jing‐Wen , Ye Hui‐Shou , Chao Wei‐Wei , Tian Yong‐Fei , Yan Jian‐Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Songligou gold‐telluride deposit, located in Songxian County, western Henan Province, China, is one of many gold‐telluride deposits in the Xiaoqinling‐Xiong'ershan district. Gold orebodies occur within the Taihua Supergroup and are controlled by the WNW F101 Fault, and the fault was cut across by a granite porphyry dike. Common minerals in gold orebodies include quartz, chlorite, epidote, K‐feldspar, calcite, fluorite, sericite, phlogopite, bastnasite, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tellurides, gold, bismuthinite, magnetite, and hematite, and pyrite is the dominant sulfide. Four mineralization stages are recognized, including pyrite‐quartz stage (I), quartz‐pyrite stage (II), gold‐telluride stage (III), and quartz‐calcite stage (IV). This work reports the Rb–Sr age of gold‐telluride‐bearing pyrite and zircon U–Pb age of granite porphyry, as well as S isotope data of pyrite and galena. The pyrite Rb–Sr isochron age is 126.6 ± 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 1.8), and the average zircon U–Pb age of granite porphyry is 166.8 ± 4.1 Ma (MSWD = 4.9). (87Sr/86Sr)
i values of pyrite and δ34S values of sulfides vary from 0.7104 to 0.7105 and −11.84 to 0.28‰, respectively. The obtained Rb–Sr isochron age represents the ore formation age of the Songligou gold‐telluride deposit, which is much younger than the zircon U–Pb age of the granite porphyry. Strontium and S isotopes, together with the presence of bastnaesite, suggest that the ore‐forming fluid was derived from felsic magmas with input of a mantle component and subsequently interacted with the Taihua Supergroup. Tellurium was derived from metasomatized mantle and was related to the subduction of the Shangdan oceanic crust and Izanagi plate beneath the North China Craton (NCC). This deposit is a part of the Early Cretaceous large‐scale gold mineralization in east NCC and formed in an extensional tectonic setting.
Dispositional Factors Affecting Choices Surrounding the Purchase of Insurance and the Taking of Mitigating Measures Against Flooding
Authors: Michailova Julija , Tyszka Tadeusz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis research investigated the role of dispositional factors in decisions to purchase insurance and to take mitigating measures against flooding. Two dispositional factors—risk aversion in the domain of losses and time discounting rate—were found to be predictors of the decision to acquire flood insurance. The observation of a relationship between experiment‐based risk attitudes and the decision to insure oneself against flooding replicates a finding of Petrolia et al. The finding that impatience negatively impacts decisions to take out insurance against flooding is novel. However, support was not found for analogous hypotheses concerning relationships between the two dispositional variables and decisions to take mitigating measures. Evidently, factors other than individual risk aversion and time discounting rate play a crucial role in this behavior.
About me as a person not only the disease – piloting Guided Self‐Determination in an outpatient endometriosis setting
Authors: Simonsen Susan Munch , Strømberg Charlotte , Zoffmann Vibeke , Hartwell Dorte , Olesen Mette Linnet 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionEndometriosis is a chronic disease affecting 5–10% of women in the reproductive age. Despite surgical and medical treatment, many women struggle with pain, infertility, sexual dysfunction, depression, distress and reduced workability, affecting their overall quality of life. The usual follow‐up procedures may not support the women’s self‐management of this condition. Therefore, person‐centred empowerment‐based approaches are needed.AimTo assess if the implementation of the Guided Self‐Determination method targeted women with complex endometriosis appeared feasible and supported self‐management.MethodsGuided Self‐Determination was offered to 10 out‐patients with complex endometriosis. Each of the women had five conversations based on prefilled disease‐specific reflection sheets. A qualitative evaluation was conducted in 2016–2017 covering semi‐structured, telephone interviews and focus group interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Additionally, we assessed if the women changed the self‐reported questionnaires, Endometriosis Health Profile 30 and the Patient Activation Measure from before and after the conversations.ResultsWe identified four themes: feeling alone with the disease; establishing a meaningful relationship with healthcare professionals in a traditional hospital setting; person‐specific knowledge facilitated new behaviours and; accepting a chronic condition – the beginning of a process. All dimensions of the Endometriosis Health Profile 30 and the Patient Activation Measure appeared to improve at two weeks and so did almost all the dimensions of Endometriosis Health Profile 30 after 1 year.ConclusionsThe implementation of the Guided Self‐Determination method appeared feasible and the women developed self‐management skills in relation to endometriosis and its symptoms. This was achieved by increasing insight into their needs and behaviours and gaining new knowledge about the disease itself. The before‐and‐after assessment suggested benefit of the intervention, but this should be further tested in a randomised trial.
Utilization of whole body computed tomography in polytrauma patients
Authors: Dozeman Emily T. , Prittie Jennifer E. , Fischetti Anthony J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the safety, feasibility, and utility of whole body computed tomography (WBCT) in polytrauma patients. A second objective was to describe the utilization of the VetMouse Trap for sedated WBCT in polytrauma patients.MethodsA prospective, observational study in a high‐volume private practice. Any cat or dog weighing <20 kg that presented to the emergency department following a polytrauma was eligible. Patients were given analgesia and sedation prior to placement in the VetMouse Trap. A WBCT was then performed.ResultsA total of 16 patients (8 dogs and 8 cats) met inclusion criteria. All patients presented with blunt trauma; 3 also had evidence of penetrating wounds. Five (31.25%) patients met inclusion criteria for WBCT based on their neurological evaluation. Five (31.5%) were non‐ambulatory with suspicion of orthopedic injury, and 37.5% met additional criteria for WBCT. The most common areas of injury were head (43.7%), lungs (25%), and pelvis (25%). Four patients (25%) had evidence of cavitary effusion that was not seen on focused assessment using sonography for trauma (FAST) scan. No patient had any adverse events during the CT.ConclusionThis study demonstrated successful WBCT imaging of the sedated small animal polytrauma patient with the VetMouse Trap.
Uraemic toxin‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells: protective effect of polyphenol‐rich extract from açaí
Authors: Monteiro Elisa Bernardes , Soares Elaine dos Ramos , Trindade Patrícia Letícia , de Bem Graziele Freitas , Resende Angela de Castro , Passos Magna Maria Cottini da Fonseca , Soulage Christophe Olivier , Daleprane Julio Beltrame 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does a polyphenol‐rich extract from açaí have a potential role in preventing uraemic toxin‐induced endothelial cell dysfunction?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Polyphenols from açaí prevented cell death, restored migratory capacity, protected from inflammation and contributed to the restoration of the antioxidant response in endothelial cells exposed to uraemic toxins. The protective role of açaí against toxic effects exerted by uraemic toxins presents a potential new therapeutic target in endothelial cells.

AbstractIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressive loss of kidney function results in the accumulation of protein‐bound uraemic toxins such as p‐cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS). Among strategies to ameliorate the harmful actions of uraemic toxins, phenolic compounds have been extensively studied. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions of phenolic‐rich açaí seed extract (ASE) in response to endothelial dysfunction induced by IS and pCS, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cells were treated with ASE (10 µg ml−1) in the presence or absence of IS (61 µg ml−1) and pCS (40 µg ml−1). Cell viability, cell death, cell migratory capacity and inflammatory biomarker expression were evaluated. Cellular antioxidant response was measured through the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage was evaluated. IS and pCS lowered cell viability, triggered cell death and lowered the migratory capacity in endothelial cells (P < 0.05). ASE prevented cell death and restored the migratory capacity in cells exposed to IS. Both toxins up‐regulated pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, and ASE was able to beneficially counteract this effect. Tumour necrosis factor‐α secretion was greater in uraemic toxin‐treated cells and ASE reversed this phenomenon in cells treated with both toxins concomitantly (P < 0.05). With regard to the antioxidant response, superoxide dismutase expression was strikingly lower in cells treated with both toxins, and ASE inhibited this harmful effect (P < 0.05). From the results, we conclude that ASE exerted protective effects on inflammation and oxidative stress caused by uraemic toxins (particularly by IS) in human endothelial cells.
Role of cutaneous and proprioceptive inputs in sensorimotor integration and plasticity occurring in the facial primary motor cortex
Authors: Pilurzi Giovanna , Ginatempo Francesca , Mercante Beniamina , Cattaneo Luigi , Pavesi Giovanni , Rothwell John C. , Deriu Franca 
Published: December 2019

Key points
Previous studies investigating the effects of somatosensory afferent inputs on cortical excitability and neural plasticity often used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of hand motor cortex (M1) as a model, but in this model it is difficult to separate out the relative contribution of cutaneous and muscle afferent input to each effect.
In the face, cutaneous and muscle afferents are segregated in the trigeminal and facial nerves, respectively. We studied their relative contribution to corticobulbar excitability and neural plasticity in the depressor anguli oris M1.
Stimulation of trigeminal afferents induced short‐latency (SAI) but not long‐latency (LAI) afferent inhibition of face M1, while facial nerve stimulation evoked LAI but not SAI. Plasticity induction was observed only after a paired associative stimulation protocol using the facial nerve.
Physiological differences in effects of cutaneous and muscle afferent inputs on face M1 excitability suggest they play separate functional roles in behaviour.
AbstractThe lack of conventional muscle spindles in face muscles raises the question of how sensory input from the face is used to control muscle activation. In 16 healthy volunteers, we probed sensorimotor interactions in face motor cortex (fM1) using short‐afferent inhibition (SAI), long‐afferent inhibition (LAI) and LTP‐like plasticity following paired associative stimulation (PAS) in the depressor anguli oris muscle (DAO). Stimulation of low threshold afferents in the trigeminal nerve produced a clear SAI (P < 0.05) when the interval between trigeminal stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of fM1 was 15–30 ms. However, there was no evidence for LAI at longer intervals of 100–200 ms, nor was there any effect of PAS. In contrast, facial nerve stimulation produced significant LAI (P < 0.05) as well as significant facilitation 10–30 minutes after PAS (P < 0.05). Given that the facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, we presume that the afferent fibres responsible were those activated by the evoked muscle twitch. The F‐wave in DAO was unaffected during both LAI and SAI, consistent with their presumed cortical origin. We hypothesize that, in fM1, SAI is evoked by activity in low threshold, presumably cutaneous afferents, whereas LAI and PAS require activity in (higher threshold) afferents activated by the muscle twitch evoked by electrical stimulation of the facial nerve. Cutaneous inputs may exert a paucisynaptic inhibitory effect on fM1, while proprioceptive information is likely to target inhibitory and excitatory polysynaptic circuits involved in LAI and PAS. Such information may be relevant to the physiopathology of several disorders involving the cranio‐facial system.
Development of WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep for Children Less Than 5 Years of Age
Authors: Willumsen Juana , Bull Fiona 
Published: December 2019

Background: Physical inactivity is a leading risk factor for global mortality and a contributor to the increase in overweight and obesity. The Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity identified the need for guidance on physical activity, particularly for early childhood (<5 y), a period of rapid physical and cognitive development. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the first global guidelines on physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviors, building upon high-quality systematic reviews. The WHO guideline process is a rigorous, systematic, and transparent method for the development of recommendations, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Evidence to Decision framework. It takes into consideration the strength of the evidence as well as values and preferences, benefits and harms, equity and human rights. Results: The authors summarize the first global guidelines on time spent in physical activity, sedentary behavior (including screen time and time spent restrained), and sleep patterns in infants (birth to 1 y of age), toddlers (1–2.9 y of age), and preschoolers (3–4.9 y of age). Conclusions: WHO is actively disseminating and supporting implementation of these guidelines by national adoption and adaptation, through links with early childhood development and the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030.
Recent advances in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD): summary of a Gut round table meeting
Authors: Avila Matias A , Dufour Jean-François , Gerbes Alexander L , Zoulim Fabien , Bataller Ramon , Burra Patrizia , Cortez-Pinto Helena , Gao Bin , Gilmore Ian , Mathurin Philippe , Moreno Christophe , Poznyak Vladimir , Schnabl Bernd , Szabo Gyongyi , Thiele Maja , Thursz Mark R 
Published: December 2019

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), which includes a range of disorders of different severity and is one of the most prevalent types of liver disease worldwide, has recently regained increased attention. Among other reasons, the realisation that any alcohol intake, regardless of type of beverage represents a health risk, and the new therapeutic strategies tested in recently published or undergoing clinical trials spur scientific interest in this area.In April 2019, Gut convened a round table panel of experts during the European Association for the Study of the Liver International Liver Congress in Vienna to discuss critical and up-to-date issues and clinical trial data regarding ALD, its epidemiology, diagnosis, management, pathomechanisms, possible future treatments and prevention. This paper summarises the discussion and its conclusions.
Impact of proximal resection margin involvement on survival outcome in patients with proximal gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Bochao , Lu Huiwen , Bao Shiyang , Luo Rui , Mei Di , Xu Huimian , Huang Baojun 
Published: December 2019

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for proximal resection margin involvement and its impact on survival outcome in patients with proximal gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 488 patients who underwent potentially curative resection for proximal gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival differences between patients with positive and negative resection margins were compared and prognostic factors were determined by Cox multivariate analysis.ResultsIn this study, 7.6% (37/488) of patients with proximal gastric cancer had a positive proximal resection margin after postoperative histopathological examination. Positive resection margins were significantly associated with advanced tumour stage and more aggressive biological features including larger tumour size, serosal invasion and lymphovascular invasion. Serosal invasion (OR 4.543, 95% CI 2.201 to 9.380, p<0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (OR 2.279, 95% CI 1.129 to 4.600, p<0.05) were independent risk factors for positive proximal resection margins. In terms of survival outcome, positive resection margins had an adverse impact on the prognosis of patients with proximal gastric cancer (median DFS: 20.7 vs 30.2 months, p<0.001). The multivariate analysis indicated that positive resection margins (HR 1.494, 95% CI 1.042 to 2.142, p=0.029), T stage (T3–T4, HR 2.264, 95% CI 1.484 to 3.454, p<0.001) and N stage (N1–N2 stage, HR 1.696, 95% CI 1.279 to 2.248, p<0.001; N3 stage, HR 2.691, 95% CI 1.967 to 3.681, p<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for patients with proximal gastric cancer.ConclusionProximal resection margin involvement was an indicator of more aggressive tumours and an independent prognostic factor for patients with proximal gastric cancer. Aggressive efforts should be made to achieve a negative resection margin if gastric cancer was deemed to be potentially resectable.