bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and pathogenicity of Jattaea algeriensis (Calosphaeriales, Calosphaeriaceae) and Biscogniauxia mediterranea on forest trees in Guilan Province (Iran)
Authors: Kazemzadeh‐Chakusary Mohammad , Mohammadi Hamid , Sohrabi Mahboobeh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to study fungal trunk pathogens on some forest trees, a survey was conducted from various forest areas in Guilan Province (in the north of Iran) between October 2012 and May 2015. Samples were collected from branches of diseased trees, and fungal isolations were made from necrotic wood tissues on malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with 100 mg/L streptomycin sulphate. Fungal isolations from infected branches of forest trees yielded 53 hyphomycetous fungal isolates. All 31 strains isolated from Common medlar (Mespilus germanica) and Persian iron wood (Parrotia persica) exhibited a Phialophora‐like anamorph and were identified as Jattea algeriensis based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. All 22 strains isolated from necrotic tissues of Small‐flowered black hawthorn (Crataegus pentagyna) formed a Nodulisporium‐like anamorph and are identified as Biscogniauxia mediterranea on the basis of morphological characters and DNA sequence data. Pathogenicity tests showed that both species are pathogenic on M. germanica, P. persica wood and Small‐flowered black hawthorn shoots and B. mediterranea proved to be the most aggressive than J. algeriensis. This study is the first report of J. algeriensis on M. germanica and P. persica and also B. mediterranea on C. pentagyna in the world. In addition, J. algeriensis has not previously been reported from Iran and our work also provides the first record of this species in this country.
Melatonin improves the effect of cryopreservation on human oocytes by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining the permeability of the oolemma
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Mu Yaoqin , Ding Ding , Zou Weiwei , Li Xinyuan , Chen Beili , Leung Peter CK , Chang Hsun‐Ming , Zhu Qi , Wang Kaijuan , Xue Rufeng , Xu Yuping , Zou Huijuan , Zhou Ping , Wei Zhaolian , Cao Yunxia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCryopreservation causes cryoinjury to oocytes and impairs their developmental competence. Melatonin (MLT) can improve the effect of cryopreservation in animal oocytes. However, no such studies on human oocytes have been reported. In this study, collected in vitro‐matured human oocytes were randomly divided into the following groups: fresh group, MLT‐treated cryopreservation (MC) group, and no‐MLT‐treated cryopreservation (NC) group. After vitrification and warming, viable oocytes from these three groups were assessed for their mitochondrial function, ultrastructure, permeability of oolemma, early apoptosis, developmental competence, and cryotolerance‐related gene expression. First, fluorescence staining results revealed that oocytes from the 10−9 M subgroup showed the lowest intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca2+levels and highest mitochondrial membrane potential among the MC subgroups (10−11, 10−9, 10−7, and 10−5 M). In subsequent experiments, oocytes from the 10−9 M‐MC group were observed to maintain the normal ultrastructural features and the permeability of the oolemma. Compared with those of the oocytes in the NC group, the early apoptosis rate significantly decreased (P < .01), whereas both the high‐quality cleavage embryo and blastocyst rates significantly increased (bothP < .05) in the oocytes of the 10−9 M‐MC group. Finally, single‐cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence results revealed that aquaporin (AQP)1/2/11gene expression and AQP1 protein expression were upregulated in the MC group. Therefore, these results suggest that MLT can improve the effect of cryopreservation on human oocytes by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining the permeability of the oolemma.
Distribution of Physician Specialties by Rurality
Authors: Barreto Tyler , Jetty Anuradha , Eden Aimee R. , Petterson Steven , Bazemore Andrew , Peterson Lars E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposePhysicians of all specialties are more likely to live and work in urban areas than in rural areas. Physician availability affects the health and economy of rural communities. This study aimed to measure and update the availability of physician specialties in rural counties.MethodsThis analysis included all counties with a Rural‐Urban Continuum Code (RUCC) between 4 and 9. Geographically identified physician data from the 2019 American Medical Association Masterfile was merged with 2019 County Health Rankings, the Census Bureau's 2010 county‐level population data, and 2010 Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing shapefiles. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the availability of physicians by specialty in rural counties.FindingsOf the 1,947 rural counties in our sample, 1,825 had at least 1 physician. Specialties including emergency medicine, cardiology, psychiatry, diagnostic radiology, general surgery, anesthesiology, and OB/GYN were less available than primary care physicians (PCPs) in all rural counties. The probability of a rural county having a PCP was the highest in RUCC 4 (1.0) and lowest in RUCC 8 (0.93). Of all primary care specialties, family medicine was the most evenly distributed across the rural continuum, with a probability of 1.0 in RUCC 4 and 0.88 in RUCC 9.ConclusionsFamily medicine is the physician specialty most likely to be present in rural counties. Policy efforts should focus on maintaining the training and scope of practice of family physicians to serve the health care needs of rural communities where other specialties are less likely to practice.
Mothers’ and fathers’ sleep: Is there a difference between first‐time and experienced parents of 6‐month‐olds?
Authors: Kenny Samantha , Burdayron Rebecca , E. M. Lannes Émilie , Dubois‐Comtois Karine , Béliveau Marie‐Julie , Pennestri Marie‐Hélène 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSleep disruption and deprivation are highly prevalent among parents of an infant. However, most postpartum sleep studies focus solely on mothers, and few studies have investigated whether sleep differs between first‐time and experienced parents. The present study aimed to determine whether self‐reported sleep duration and quality differ between first‐time and experienced mothers and fathers during the postpartum period. A total of 111 parents (54 couples and three single mothers) of 6‐month‐old infants completed a 2‐week sleep diary to evaluate measures of sleep duration, sleep continuity, and sleep quality. An analysis of covariance model was used to compare the sleep variables of first‐time to experienced parents. Breastfeeding frequency, infant sleep location, depression, education, and work status were used as co‐variables. First‐time mothers reported a longer consecutive nocturnal sleep duration (mean [SEM] 297.34 [17.15] versus 246.01 [14.79] min, p < .05), fewer nocturnal awakenings (mean [SEM] 1.57 [0.20] versus 2.12 [0.17], p < .05), and rated their sleep quality higher (mean [SEM] score 7.07 [0.36] versus 5.97 [0.30], p < .05) than experienced mothers, while total nocturnal sleep duration did not differ. There were no differences in subjective sleep measures between first‐time and experienced fathers. The present study indicates that experienced mothers reported more fragmented sleep and perceived having worse sleep quality than first‐time mothers, but that paternal sleep did not differ as a function of parental experience. These findings have clinical implications for healthcare professionals working with families of various configurations and sizes.
Religion, Family, and Career among Graduate Students in the Sciences
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Kowalski Brittany M. , Hudnall Erin B. , Dabbs Ellory 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConcerns about family life push some students away from a career in science or lead them away from particular career paths within science. Religion has been shown to have an influence on individuals’ values concerning both family and work. This study uses data from a survey of U.S. graduate students in five science disciplines to estimate a structural equation model examining paths between religiosity, work and family values, and intent to pursue different careers within science. The analysis finds that religiosity is positively associated with the importance placed on family and, through this mediator, is associated with a lower intent to pursue research‐focused academic jobs and higher intent to pursue teaching‐focused academic jobs. We discuss the implications of these findings, particularly as the analysis shows that women and some racial and ethnic minority students are more religious than their male and white peers.
The impact of hepatitis flare on HBeAg loss was effective mainly in the first year of Nucleot(s)ide therapy in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Peng Chien‐Wei , Jeng Wen‐Juei , Chien Rong‐Nan , Liaw Yun‐Fan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHBeAg loss during nucleos(t)ide analogue (Nuc) therapy is significantly higher in patients with hepatitis flare (ALT ≥ 5‐times upper limited of normal). It is not clear whether ALT level higher above the hepatitis flare leads to greater HBeAg loss rate nor its durability. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pretherapy ALT level on HBeAg loss in each year of Nuc treatment. Entecavir or Tenofovir treated HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were recruited consecutively. Patients with prior treatment history that experienced HBeAg seroconversion and reversion were excluded. Pretherapy age, gender, cirrhosis, genotype, ALT, HBsAg and HBV DNA levels were analysed. The hazard function was calculated for the probability of HBeAg loss in each year. Of the 290 patients, the 3‐year cumulative HBeAg loss rate was 58.1%, higher in patients with hepatitis flare than those without (67.6% vs. 39.6%, P < 0.001). The HBeAg loss rate in the first year correlated positively with higher ALT levels at a stepwise fashion. The hazard function in patients with hepatitis flare was 0.74 at half year, then dropped to 0.33 by the first year and was lower thereafter to a rate closer to that of the patients without hepatitis flare. In conclusion, the impact of pretherapy ALT levels on HBeAg loss rate was not long‐lasting and was effective mainly in the first year of Nuc therapy. Strategies such as adding an immune‐modulating agent may help enhance HBeAg loss rate after the first year of Nuc therapy for those who remained HBeAg positive.Word count: 249 (<250).
Quantification of cerebrospinal fluid flow in dogs by cardiac‐gated phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Christen Muriel A. , Schweizer‐Gorgas Daniela , Richter Henning , Joerger Fabiola B. , Dennler Matthias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in disease has been investigated with two‐dimensional (2D) phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) in humans. Despite similar diseases occurring in dogs, PC‐MRI is not routinely performed and CSF flow and its association with diseases is poorly understood.ObjectivesTo adapt 2D and four‐dimensional (4D) PC‐MRI to dogs and to apply them in a group of neurologically healthy dogs.AnimalsSix adult Beagle dogs of a research colony.MethodsProspective, experimental study. Sequences were first optimized on a phantom mimicking small CSF spaces and low velocity flow. Then, 4D PC‐MRI and 2D PC‐MRI at the level of the mesencephalic aqueduct, foramen magnum (FM), and cervical spine were performed.ResultsCSF displayed a bidirectional flow pattern on 2D PC‐MRI at each location. Mean peak velocity (and range) in cm/s was 0.92 (0.51‐2.08) within the mesencephalic aqueduct, 1.84 (0.89‐2.73) and 1.17 (0.75‐1.8) in the ventral and dorsal subarachnoid space (SAS) at the FM, and 2.03 (range 1.1‐3.0) and 1.27 (range 0.96‐1.82) within the ventral and dorsal SAS of the cervical spine. With 4D PC‐MRI, flow velocities of >3 cm/s were visualized in the phantom, but no flow data were obtained in dogs.ConclusionPeak flow velocities were measured with 2D PC‐MRI at all 3 locations and slower velocities were recorded in healthy Beagle dogs compared to humans. These values serve as baseline for future applications. The current technical settings did not allow measurement of CSF flow in Beagle dogs by 4D PC‐MRI.
Changes in systolic blood pressure in dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism during the first year of trilostane treatment
Authors: García San José Paula , Arenas Bermejo Carolina , Alonso‐Miguel Daniel , Clares Moral Irene , Cuesta‐Alvaro Pedro , Pérez Alenza María Dolores 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic hypertension (SH) is common in dogs and humans with hypercortisolism and can persist after treatment.ObjectivesTo evaluate changes in prevalence of SH and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) during the first year of trilostane treatment, its relationship with disease control and selected laboratory variables, and their response to antihypertensive treatment.AnimalsFifty‐one dogs with PDH treated with trilostane Q12h.MethodsProspective case series study. Dogs were evaluated at diagnosis (T0) and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (T12). Dogs were classified as nonhypertensive (SBP < 160 mm Hg) or hypertensive (SBP≥160 mm Hg) and subclassified according to target organ damage (TOD) risk. Hypertensive dogs were treated with benazepril and, if control of SH was not achieved, amlodipine was added.ResultsPrevalence of SH decreased from T0 (36/51) to T12 (17/37;P= .01). Changes in SBP during the study were influenced by the risk of TOD at T0. In severely hypertensive (SBP ≥ 180 mm Hg) dogs, the decrease in SBP was more pronounced whereas in normotensive (SBP < 140 mm Hg) dogs SBP increased slightly (P= .00). Blood pressure was not associated with disease control. Antihypertensive treatment was needed in 31/51 dogs, and in 13/31 dogs additional SH control with amlodipine was required. One third of nonhypertensive dogs at T0 required treatment with benazepril because SH developed during follow‐up.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIn dogs with PDH, SBP should be measured at every visit, regardless of disease control or SBP at diagnosis. More than 1 drug may be necessary to manage SH in affected dogs.
X‐linked CD40 ligand deficiency in a 1‐year‐old male Shih Tzu with secondary Pneumocystis pneumonia
Authors: Merrill Kristen , Coffey Emily , Furrow Eva , Masseau Isabelle , Rindt Hansjörg , Reinero Carol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn approximately 1‐year‐old male intact Shih Tzu dog was referred to a tertiary facility with a history of progressive tachypnea, increased respiratory effort, and weight loss over a 3‐month period that failed to improve with empirical antimicrobial treatment. Upon completion of a comprehensive respiratory evaluation, the dog was diagnosed with severe Pneumocystis pneumonia and secondary pulmonary hypertension. Clinical signs resolved and disease resolution was confirmed after completion of an 8‐week course of trimethoprim‐sulfonamide, 4‐week tapering dose of prednisone to decrease an inflammatory response secondary to acute die‐off of organisms, a 2‐week course of clopidogrel to prevent clot formation, and a 2‐week course of a phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitor to treat pulmonary hypertension. Immunodiagnostic testing and genetic sequencing were performed to evaluate for potential immunodeficiency as an underlying cause for the development Pneumocystis pneumonia, and identified an X‐linked CD40 ligand deficiency.
A framework for signaling throughout the life cycle of Babesia species
Authors: Elsworth Brendan , Duraisingh Manoj T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBabesia species are tick‐borne intracellular parasites that infect the red blood cells of their mammalian host, leading to severe or fatal disease. Babesia spp. infect a wide range of mammalian species and cause a significant economic burden globally, predominantly through disease in cattle. Several Babesia spp. are increasingly being recognized as zoonotic pathogens of humans. Babesia spp. have complex life cycles involving multiple stages in the tick and the mammalian host. The parasite utilizes complex signaling pathways during replication, egress, and invasion in each of these stages. They must also rapidly respond to their environment when switching between the mammalian and tick stages. This review will focus on the signaling pathways and environmental stimuli that Babesia spp. utilize in the bloodstream and for transmission to the tick, with an emphasis on the role of phosphorylation‐ and calcium‐based signaling during egress and invasion. The expanding availability of in vitro and in vivo culture systems, genomes, transcriptomes, and transgenic systems available for a range of Babesia spp. should encourage further biological and translational studies of these ubiquitous parasites.
(1,3)‐β‐D‐glucan is able to predict therapeutic failure of patients with candidemia and not only mortality
Authors: Esteves Patrícia , Lopes Lima Soraia , Salles de Azevedo Melo Analy , Maria Beirão Elisa , Nucci Marcio , Colombo Arnaldo L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandidemia is a major cause of bloodstream infection in tertiary hospitals worldwide and fungal biomarkers may provide early diagnosis.ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of (1‐3)‐β‐D‐glucan (BDG) in the diagnosis of candidemia and its ability to predict therapeutic failure.Patients and MethodsThis was a prospective, multi‐centre study conducted in 3 Brazilian hospitals. Clinical outcome was evaluated along 2 weeks of treatment, and therapeutic failure was defined as the occurrence of persistent candidemia, Candida deep‐seated infection or death. Baseline BDG detection was performed with the Fungitell® assay (Associates of Cape Cod, Falmouth—USA).ResultsWe enrolled a total of 71 patients with candidemia and a control group with 110 healthy volunteers. The sensitivity and specificity of BDG for diagnosing candidemia were as follows: 71.8% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 59.7% ‐ 81.5%) and 98.2% (95% CI 92.9% ‐ 99.7%), respectively. The only predictor of therapeutic failure was a higher BDG value at diagnosis of candidemia; a value > 226 pg/mL predicted failure with sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 78%, respectively.ConclusionsA high baseline serum BDG value was associated with therapeutic failure.
Alternation of supragingival microbiome in patients with cirrhosis of different Child‐Pugh scores
Authors: Bai Rushui , Bai Mingshan , Zhao Zijia , Chen Ningxin , Yang Yan , Tang Zhangui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the taxonomy and functions of oral microbiome between patients with and without cirrhosis.Materials and methodsIn this study, V4‐16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to compare the difference of supragingival microbiome in 42 patients and 12 healthy individuals.ResultsOverall, 3,223,529 clean reads were generated, with an average of 59,694 ± 1,548 clean reads per sample. A total of 30 phyla, 78 classes, 116 orders, 167 families, 228 genera, and 114 species were detected in the 54 samples. The differences were detected among groups at each taxonomical level. Functional prediction showed that patients with cirrhosis had a significant higher proportion of the genes associated with carbohydrate transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, infectious diseases, membrane transport, etc. compared with healthy individuals (p < .05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, significant differences were observed in compositions and predictive functions of the supragingival microbiome between patients with cirrhosis and that in healthy people. These findings will provide a new insight into the understanding of pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of cirrhosis.
Toll‐like receptor 2 mediates the degeneration of cartilage in experimental inflammatory TMJOA
Authors: Liu Xin , Feng Yaping , Liu Wen , Li Huimin , Hu Zhihui , Hu Shiyu , Ke Jin , Long Xing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveSynovial inflammation and intra‐articular excessive pressure were accepted as two predominant etiologies for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) exerts roles both in certain inflammation‐ and pressure‐induced diseases. We aim to detect the role of TLR2 in the synovitis‐ or discectomy‐induced TMJOA mice.Materials and methodsComplete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)‐ and discectomy‐induced TMJOA mice were established, and pretreated with TLR2 inhibitor CU‐CPT22. Synovial inflammation, deterioration of cartilage and subchondral bone were measured by H&E and Safranin‐O staining, as well as micro‐CT. Western blotting was utilized to quantify TLR2's effect in inflammation‐ or pressure‐stimulated chondrocytes derived from rat TMJs.ResultsObvious synovitis occurred in CFA‐injection mice, while unapparent inflammatory change in discectomy mice. TLR2 elevated in cartilage and synovium of CFA‐injection mice, whereas no alterations in discectomy mice. TLR2 contributed to the synovitis, deterioration of cartilage and subchondral bone in CFA‐injection mice instead of discectomy mice. TLR2 induced the production of inflammatory and catabolic factors in rat chondrocytes by IL‐1β other than pressure.ConclusionToll‐like receptor 2 mediates synovitis, damage of cartilage and subchondral bone in CFA‐induced TMJOA model, but not discectomy‐induced TMJOA. TLR2 could be a potential target to prevent the deterioration of early phase TMJOA.
HIF‐1α regulates osteoclast activation and mediates osteogenesis during mandibular bone repair via CT‐1
Authors: Tian Yuanye , Shao Qi , Tang Yi , Li Xinzhao , Qi Xin , Jiang Runyang , Liang Yi , Kang Feiwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesHypoxia is one of the characteristics of microenvironmental changes after orthognathic surgery for fractures. HIF‐1α is a main regulator of the hypoxic response and plays a crucial role in bone formation, remodelling, and homeostasis. Osteoclasts participate in bone absorption and affect osteogenesis, and osteoclasts differentiate in a path from the oxygen‐rich bone marrow to oxygen‐deficient bone lesions. Thus, we aimed to study the key functions of HIF‐1α in osteoclasts during mandibular healing after osteotomy.Materials and MethodsThe function of HIF‐1α in osteoclasts during fracture healing in osteoclast‐specific HIF‐1α‐conditional‐knockout mice was investigated in mandibular osteotomy. Primary osteoclasts were used to explore the expression of HIF‐1α and cardiotrophin‐1 (CT‐1) at both the mRNA and protein levels. The ability of BMSCs co‐cultured with conditioned media from osteoclast‐specific HIF‐1α‐knockout primary osteoclasts was detected using osteoclast‐mediated osteogenesis experiments.ResultsHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, and a delay in bone healing was found in osteoclast‐specific HIF‐1α‐conditional‐knockout mice compared with normal mice. HIF‐1α‐knockout primary osteoclasts inhibited bone resorption and CT‐1 expression, and HIF‐1α enhanced the osteoclast‐mediated stimulation of BMSC differentiation by secreting CT‐1.ConclusionsHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α can play a key role in the physiology and pathogenesis of bone resorption by promoting osteoclastogenesis during fracture and influencing osteogenesis through CT‐1 during bone healing.