bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Topsy-Turvy Novel: “Coloring Gestures” in Tender Is the Night
Authors: Antonelli Sara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis essay addresses the black presence in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender Is the Night (1934) not simply as an episode but as the very backbone of the plot. Inserting Fitzgerald into an unexpected lineage that originates with James Weldon Johnson and moves to Ishmael Reed and Toni Morrison, it argues that Fitzgerald shares with these writers a complex fusion of racial disorder, musical contagion, and intergenerational rivalry. Like Johnson and Reed, Fitzgerald also uses the figure of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Topsy to announce the various permutations of race in the novel and to uncover the white characters’ fear of miscegenation and incest. Tender Is the Night is a “topsy-turvy” novel because of the dynamic patterning of black and white imagery Fitzgerald employs to reveal the slippery racial surface of the 1920s.
Does habitat partitioning by sympatric plovers affect nest survival?
Authors: Overduijn Kelly S , Handel Colleen M , Powell Abby N 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe vertical structure and composition of vegetation can influence the quantity and quality of potential nesting sites for birds. Interspecific competition for high-quality nesting habitat may force some individuals into suboptimal habitat and lead to reduced reproductive success, eventually leading to changes in distribution or abundance. Large climate-mediated shifts in vegetation, including the rapid expansion of shrubs onto tundra, are occurring in the Arctic across important breeding grounds of many shorebird species of conservation concern. We investigated effects of vegetation structure and composition on nest-site selection and nest success of sympatrically breeding American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) and Pacific Golden-Plovers (P. fulva), which nest along an elevational gradient ranging from coastal tundra meadows to alpine tundra. Both species strongly selected nest sites with less cover of tall shrubs and other tall vegetation than available at random sites within their territories. American Golden-Plovers selected territories and nest sites that were higher in elevation and had more rocky substrates and less graminoid vegetation than those selected by Pacific Golden-Plovers. The daily nest survival rate was equivalent in the 2 species (0.966, 95% CI: 0.955, 0.975) and similar to that found in other Arctic-breeding shorebirds; however, contrary to predictions, nest survival was not associated with habitat features selected for nest sites for either species. Strong selection of open habitat for nest sites suggests that continued climate-related shrub expansion may reduce the amount of suitable breeding habitat for both species, but partitioning along the elevational gradient and differences in body size suggest that impacts may be more severe for Pacific Golden-Plovers. Additional research is needed to determine if differential selection of nesting habitat is related to survival of the adults or their young.
Estimating egg mass–body mass relationships in birds
Authors: Rotenberry John T , Balasubramaniam Priya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mass of a bird’s egg is a critical attribute of the species’ life history and represents a fundamental component of reproductive effort. Indeed, the tradeoff between the number of eggs in a clutch and clutch mass lies at the heart of understanding how environmental attributes such as nest predation or adult mortality influence reproductive investment. However, egg masses have not been reported for the majority of avian species. We capitalized on the strong allometric relationship between avian body mass and egg mass to produce egg mass estimates for over 5,500 species previously lacking such information. These estimates are accompanied by measures of the robustness of the regressions used to produce them (e.g., sample size, root mean square error [RMSE] of estimation, coefficient of determination, and degree of extrapolation), thus allowing independent evaluation of the suitability of any estimate to address a particular research question relating to avian life history. Most estimates (~5,000) were based on family-level egg mass–body mass regressions, with the remainder derived from other relationships such as ordinal regressions. We compared estimating regressions based on adult vs. female body masses and, after finding little difference between the 2, based our final estimates on adult masses as those were more numerous in the literature. What small differences between adult- and female-based regressions that did occur were not related to sexual size dimorphism across families. These new estimates, coupled with ~5,000 egg masses reported in the literature, provide a foundation of over 10,000 species for wider investigations assessing variation in reproductive effort in birds over a broad array of ecological and evolutionary contexts.
Testing the simple and complex versions of Gloger’s rule in the Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens, Thamnophilidae)
Authors: Marcondes Rafael S , Stryjewski Katherine Faust , Brumfield Robb T 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGloger’s rule is a classic ecogeographical principle that, in its simplest version, predicts animals should be darker in warmer and wetter climates. In a rarely tested more complex version, it also predicts animals should be more rufous in warmer and drier climates. The Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens) is a widely distributed South American passerine that presents an impressive amount of plumage color variation and occupies a wide variety of climatic conditions. Moreover, genetic and vocal evidence indicate ongoing hybridization in south-central Bolivia among 3 populations with very distinct plumages. We collected color data from 232 specimens from throughout this species’ distribution to test the predictions of Gloger’s rule. We found a negative correlation between brightness and precipitation, consistent with the simple version of Gloger’s rule. In contrast, we found that birds were darker in cooler climates, contrary to the simple version of Gloger’s rule, but consistent with recent findings in other taxa. We found support for both predictions of the complex Gloger’s rule and suggest it might be driven by background matching. We conclude by concurring with a recent suggestion that the simple version of Gloger’s rule should be reformulated exclusively in terms of humidity.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance coexisting in patients undergoing kidney transplantation does not adversely influence post-graft clinical outcome
Authors: Clari Roberta , Tarella Corrado , Giraudi Roberta , Torazza Maria Cristina , Gallo Ester , Lavacca Antonio , Fop Fabrizio , Mella Alberto , Dolla Caterina , Biancone Luigi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundManagement of patients with oncohaematological disorders such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a frequent problem in pre-transplant work-up. Insights on disease progression and long-term functional outcomes are still lacking in this setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis on all patients with MGUS who underwent kidney transplant (KT) at our centre between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2017 (cases, n = 65). Patients were matched with a control group (KTs with similar characteristics but without history of haematological disease, controls, n = 1079). Primary endpoints were graft and patient survival; secondary endpoints were causes of graft failure, patient death, occurrence of allograft rejection, post-transplant neoplasia (not correlated to previous disorder) and/or infectious episodes.ResultsThe MGUS and control groups had a similar mean age [60 (29–79) versus 55.2 (19.3–79.5) years, respectively] and percentage of males (69.2% versus 64.6%, respectively). Median follow-up time since KT was 3.5 years (0–14) in cases and 8.3 years (0–14.9) in controls. All MGUS patients underwent KT following extensive multidiscliplinary investigations. No differences were found between cases and controls regarding patient and graft survival or post-transplant complications except for lower incidence of infections (58.7% versus 69.8%, P = 0.019) and increased use of mTOR inhbitors (30.3% versus 14.7%, P = 0.001) in MGUS. MGUS isotype did not influence graft and patient survival. The absence of difference in patients and graft survival was also confirmed in an adjunctive analysis where MGUS were compared with controls (ratio 1:2) matched for recipient age, gender, number of transplantations and transplant period.ConclusionPatients with MGUS may undergo KT without significantly increased risks of complications, provided that appropriate diagnostic procedures are carefully followed. Multidiscipline-based studies are crucial for establishing well designed pre- and post-transplant protocols for the best management of patients with coexisting MGUS and end-stage renal disease.
Prognostically safe stress-only single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging guided by machine learning: report from REFINE SPECT
Authors: Hu Lien-Hsin , Miller Robert J H , Sharir Tali , Commandeur Frederic , Rios Richard , Einstein Andrew J , Fish Mathews B , Ruddy Terrence D , Kaufmann Philipp A , Sinusas Albert J , Miller Edward J , Bateman Timothy M , Dorbala Sharmila , Di Carli Marcelo , Liang Joanna X , Eisenberg Evann , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel S , Slomka Piotr J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) stress-only protocols reduce radiation exposure and cost but require clinicians to make immediate decisions regarding rest scan cancellation. We developed a machine learning (ML) approach for automatic rest scan cancellation and evaluated its prognostic safety.

Methods and results
In total, 20 414 patients from a solid-state SPECT MPI international multicentre registry with clinical data and follow-up for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were used to train ML for MACE prediction as a continuous probability (ML score), using 10-fold repeated hold-out testing to separate test from training data. Three ML score thresholds (ML1, ML2, and ML3) were derived by matching the cancellation rates achieved by physician interpretation and two clinical selection rules. Annual MACE rates were compared in patients selected for rest scan cancellation between approaches. Patients selected for rest scan cancellation with ML had lower annualized MACE rates than those selected by physician interpretation or clinical selection rules (ML1 vs. physician interpretation: 1.4 ± 0.1% vs. 2.1 ± 0.1%; ML2 vs. clinical selection: 1.5 ± 0.1% vs. 2.0 ± 0.1%; ML3 vs. stringent clinical selection: 0.6 ± 0.1% vs. 1.7 ± 0.1%, all P &lt; 0.0001) at matched cancellation rates (60 ± 0.7, 64 ± 0.7, and 30 ± 0.6%). Annualized all-cause mortality rates in populations recommended for rest cancellation by physician interpretation, clinical selection approaches were higher (1.3%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively) compared with corresponding ML thresholds (0.6%, 0.6%, and 0.2%).

Conclusion
ML, using clinical and stress imaging data, can be used to automatically recommend cancellation of rest SPECT MPI scans, while ensuring higher prognostic safety than current clinical approaches.
Intergenerational Mobility and Unequal School Opportunity
Authors: Arenas Andreu , Hindriks Jean 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We analyse the impact of unequal school opportunity on intergenerational income mobility and human capital accumulation. Building upon the classical Becker–Tomes–Solon framework, we use a regime-switch model allowing for differences in income transmission across groups. We find that unequal school opportunity raises average human capital because of assortative matching. However, because income dispersion tends to be higher at the top, in most cases unequal school opportunity decreases intergenerational mobility. Calibrating the model to the USA, simulations suggest that school equalisation and desegregation policies have positive effects on mobility at relatively small efficiency costs.
Regional Associations of Cortical Thickness With Gait Variability—The Tasmanian Study of Cognition and Gait
Authors: Jayakody Oshadi , Breslin Monique , Beare Richard , Blumen Helena M , Srikanth Velandai K , Callisaya Michele L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Gait variability is a marker of cognitive decline. However, there is limited understanding of the cortical regions associated with gait variability. We examined associations between regional cortical thickness and gait variability in a population-based sample of older people without dementia.

Method
Participants (n = 350, mean age 71.9 ± 7.1) were randomly selected from the electoral roll. Variability in step time, step length, step width, and double support time (DST) were calculated as the standard deviation of each measure, obtained from the GAITRite walkway. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were processed through FreeSurfer to obtain cortical thickness of 68 regions. Bayesian regression was used to determine regional associations of mean cortical thickness and thickness ratio (regional thickness/overall mean thickness) with gait variability.

Results
Smaller global cortical thickness was only associated with greater step width and step time variability. Smaller mean thickness in widespread regions important for sensory, cognitive, and motor functions were associated with greater step width and step time variability. In contrast, smaller thickness in a few frontal and temporal regions were associated with DST variability and the right cuneus was associated with step length variability. Smaller thickness ratio in frontal and temporal regions important for motor planning, execution, and sensory function and greater thickness ratio in the anterior cingulate was associated with greater variability in all measures.

Conclusions
Examining individual cortical regions is important in understanding the relationship between gray matter and gait variability. Cortical thickness ratio highlights that smaller regional thickness relative to global thickness may be important for the consistency of gait.
Novel Service Delivery Approach to Address Reproductive Health Disparities within Immigrant Latino Communities in Geographic Hot Spots: An Implementation Study
Authors: Parker Amittia , Johnson-Motoyama Michelle , Mariscal E Susana , Guilamo-Ramos Vincent , Reynoso Elizabeth , Fernandez Cielo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Latinx youths continue to have the highest rates of teenage births in the United States and are at increased risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. A community-based research partnership piloted Families Talking Together, a brief, parent-based sexual risk reduction program using a novel and culturally relevant approach. This mixed-methods study examined the feasibility and acceptability of Spanish-speaking promotoras de salud (that is, community health workers) as implementers of an evidence-based intervention (EBI) to reach underserved immigrant communities. Findings suggest that promotoras are capable of implementing the EBI with positive organizational, client, and implementation outcomes. Furthermore, promotoras hold particular promise for addressing reproductive health disparities as they are indigenous and trusted members of the community who can reach members of marginalized Latino populations.
Confined to Obscurity: Health Challenges of Pregnant Women in Jail
Authors: Rose Susan J , LeBel Thomas P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Research about pregnant women in jail is scant. This exploratory study begins to fill this gap by examining the demographics; background characteristics; and self-reported physical health, mental health, and substance use challenges reported by 27 pregnant women incarcerated in a large midwestern county jail. It further reports on the prenatal care before and during their incarceration, plans of these pregnant women for delivery of their child, caring for their infant after their release from jail, and their expectations of paternal or family support post-release. Among the sample, 66.7 percent reported a physical health care problem, 48.2 percent had received mental health treatment, and 18.5 percent had substance use treatment in the previous year, but only 51.9 percent had seen a health care professional before their incarceration. All women expected the father of their child to provide financial support, but only 76.9 percent expected the father to be involved with the child. The authors also discuss implications of the findings for jail health care services and reintegration policy and practice for pregnant women.
‘I have only One Country, it is the World’: Madame Cama, Anticolonialism, and Indian-Russian Revolutionary Networks in Paris, 1907–17
Authors: Laursen Ole Birk 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In September 1912, the Russian author Maxim Gorky wrote to the Paris-based Indian revolutionary Madame Cama and asked her to write an article on Indian women and their role in the Indian freedom struggle. Their correspondence highlights several issues: Cama’s central role among Indian and anticolonial nationalists from across the world in early twentieth-century Paris; the inspiration from the 1905 Russian Revolution and alliances between exiled Indian and Russian revolutionaries; the role of women in revolutionary movements. Focusing on Indian-Russian networks in early twentieth century Paris, this article examines Cama’s thoughts on feminism and socialism, and the inspiration from Russian revolutionaries in Cama’s anticolonial activities.
Cognitive Phenotype and Differential Gene Expression in a Hippocampal Homologue in Two Species of Frog
Authors: Liu Yuxiang , Jones Corbin D , Day Lainy B , Summers Kyle , Burmeister Sabrina S 
Published: May 2020

SynopsisThe complexity of an animal’s interaction with its physical and/or social environment is thought to be associated with behavioral flexibility and cognitive phenotype, though we know little about this relationship in amphibians. We examined differences in cognitive phenotype in two species of frog with divergent natural histories. The green-and-black poison frog (Dendrobates auratus) is diurnal, displays enduring social interactions, and uses spatially distributed resources during parental care. Túngara frogs (Physalaemus=Engystomops pustulosus) are nocturnal, express only fleeting social interactions, and use ephemeral puddles to breed in a lek-type mating system. Comparing performance in identical discrimination tasks, we find that D. auratus made fewer errors when learning and displayed greater behavioral flexibility in reversal learning tasks than túngara frogs. Further, túngara frogs preferred to learn beacons that can be used in direct guidance whereas D. auratus preferred position cues that could be used to spatially orient relative to the goal. Behavioral flexibility and spatial cognition are associated with hippocampal function in mammals. Accordingly, we examined differential gene expression in the medial pallium, the amphibian homolog of the hippocampus. Our preliminary data indicate that genes related to learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis were upregulated in D. auratus, while genes related to apoptosis were upregulated in túngara frogs, suggesting that these cellular processes could contribute to the differences in behavioral flexibility and spatial learning we observed between poison frogs and túngara frogs.
The Language of the Unheard? Ethno-Political Exclusion and Ethnic Riots in Africa
Authors: Abbs Luke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEthnic riots are sporadic and localized incidents of low-intensity violence, with civilians from one ethnic group engaging in vicious attacks on a rival ethnic group. While systematic research on ethnic violence has almost exclusively focused on organized armed conflict, comparably little quantitative research has considered the causes of low-intensity ethnic violence. Building on existing case-based research on inequality and ethnic riots, this article argues that ethnic rioting can be explained by collective motivations for group violence that emerge from highly unequal local ethno-political configurations, where politically dominant groups coexist with groups that are discriminated or have recently lost political power. To test this argument, the article deploys a spatially disaggregated analysis of all African states between 1990 and 2008, combining new dyadic data capturing the location of ethnic riots with disaggregated grid-level data on ethno-political representation. I find ethnic riots are more likely to occur in discriminated group areas, in locations where a group has recently lost political representation and where such groups live in close proximity of politically dominant groups.
Systematic revision of the Indo-West Pacific mangrove-associated snails of the genus Bakawan (Cephalaspidea: Haminoeidae)
Authors: Oskars Trond R , Malaquias Manuel António E 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe genus Bakawan includes species of haminoeid snails associated with mangrove habitats and mud flats in the Indo-West Pacific. Here, we revise the diversity and systematics of the genus Bakawan based on our recent molecular phylogeny (Oskars & Malaquias, 2019) and detailed analysis of morphological characters. We examined a range of morphological characters (the shells, external morphology of the animal, jaw, radula, gizzard plate and male reproductive system) using light and scanning electron microscopy. We also carried out a species delimitation analysis (we used the automatic barcode gap discovery method) based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA sequence data. Four distinct species were recognized: Bakawan rotundata (A. Adams, 1850), which is the type species of the genus and ranges from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific; B. fusca (A. Adams, 1850), currently known only from the Philippines; and two species new to science, B. puti n. sp., known only from the Philippines, and B. hedleyi n. sp., restricted to tropical eastern Australia.