bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple activation (thermal-chemical-physical) in the development of an activated carbon from tobacco: characterizations and optimal conditions for Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal from waters
Authors: Manfrin Jéssica , Gonçalves Jr Affonso Celso , Schwantes Daniel , Tarley César Ricardo Teixeira , Schiller Andréia da Paz , Klassen Gabriel José 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to transform tobacco that originated from smuggled cigarettes into activated carbons, and to study its application in the remediation of water contaminated by cadmium and lead. For this, a triple activation was performed (thermal – chemical H3PO4 – physical CO2), resulting in the studied activated carbon (CT H3PO4 + CO2). The carbon was characterized by its chemical composition, pHPZC, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and BJH. The influence of the pH of Cd2+ and Pb2+ solutions, and the influence of the adsorbent dose, were studied. Isotherms were constructed by linear and nonlinear models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin. CT H3PO4 + CO2 has carbonates, hydroxyls, carboxylic, and carbonic acids as surface functional groups. The triple activation caused changes in pHPZC (from 5.40 to 9.59). The SEM revealed a carbon surface full of irregular and heterogeneous structures, spongy aspect, with an estimated Specific Surface Area (SSA) increase of 395x and pore volume of 37x. The produced activated carbon has applicability over a wide pH range (3.00–7.00), with an ideal dose estimated at 4 g L−1 for greater efficiency in removing Cd2+ and Pb2. The linear and nonlinear models reveal that metal adsorption is predominantly physical and multi-layered, with a possible reuse in new sorption cycles.
Assessment of coastal surface water quality for irrigation purpose
Authors: Serder M. F. , Islam M. S. , Hasan M. R. , Yeasmin M. S. , Mostafa M. G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study aimed to assess the coastal surface water quality for irrigation purposes through the analysis of the water samples of some selected estuaries, rivers, and ponds. The analysis results showed that the mean value of typical water quality parameters like electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), and chloride (Cl−) ions exceeded the permissible limit of the Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh 2010, and FAO, 1985 for the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The Piper diagram indicated a Na-Cl water type, especially during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The water quality parameters in the areas showed a higher amount than the standard permissible limits, indicating that the quality is deteriorating. The water quality index values for domestic uses showed very poorly to unsuitable in most of the surface waters except pond water, especially during the pre- and post-monsoon periods. The surface water quality index for irrigation purpose usages was found to be high and/ or severely restricted (score: 0–55) during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The study observed that due to saline water intrusion, the water quality deterioration started from post-monsoon and reached its highest level during the pre-monsoon season, which gradually depreciates the water quality in coastal watersheds of Bangladesh.
Removal of nickel through sulfide precipitation and characterization of electroplating wastewater sludge
Authors: Jerroumi Sarah , Amarine Mohammed , Nour Hassan , Lekhlif Brahim , Jamal Jamal Eddine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work consists of the removal of nickel by sulfide precipitation from industrial electroplating wastewater and characterization of the produced sludge. Tests are carried out in a perfectly stirred batch reactor on electroplating industrial solution and synthetic solution prepared in the laboratory. The aim is to evaluate the impact of complexing agents formed during precipitation of metal ions in the industrial effluent. The concentration of nickel in both solutions is 100 mg/L. The operating conditions for the sulfide precipitation process are optimized: pH, molar ratio [S=]/[Ni2+] and dosage of S= ions. For an initial pH of 5 and an equimolar ratio of [S=]/[Ni2+]:1/1, the results show that the removal efficiency of Ni2+ ions is approaching 91 and 94% for industrial and synthetic solutions, respectively. Otherwise, for the same pH value in supersaturation conditions ([S=]/[Ni2+]:1.5/1), the removal efficiency is approaching 62 and 92% for industrial and synthetic solutions, respectively. For an effective metal removal, the optimal dosage of sulfide ions was evaluated. For 33 mg/L of S=, the removal efficiency of Ni2+ is approximately 90%. The resulting sludge has been characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. It consists essentially of millerite and nickel oxide.
Prediction of the pH effect on arsenic (V) removal by varying catalyst of magnetic xerogel monoliths based on FREN model
Authors: Khamkure Sasirot , Treesatayapun Chidentree , Garrido-Hoyos Sofía Esperanza , Gamero-Melo Prócoro , Reyes-Rosas Audberto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Magnetic xerogels monoliths (MCs) were simultaneously prepared and formed by the cross-linking polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde using the alkaline catalyst and magnetite. The varying of molar ratio of resorcinol and catalyst (R/C) was studied and characterized by isoelectric point (IEP), point of zero charge (pHpzc), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The result of XRD and EDX confirmed the presence of magnetite into the gel at 1.19% with low molar ratio of magnetite and resorcinol ratio at 0.01. The surface morphology and textural properties of MCs affect directly with SBET, total pore volume and volume of mesopore increase when molar of R/C increases. The behavior of arsenic (As(V)) adsorption by using MCs, was studied in groundwater into the ranges of pH from 2.0 to 7.0. MC50 shows the maximum As(V) uptake and removal were 72 μg/g and 73.5% at pH 5, respectively, while MC100 gave the best performance within the application range of pH both of acidic and neutral region. Furthermore, the prediction technique based on an adaptive fuzzy rules emulated network was utilized for evaluation of the arsenic removal performance.
New insights into nitrous oxide emissions in a single-stage CANON process coupled with denitrification: thermodynamics and nitrogen transformation
Authors: Fang Fang , Li Kai , Guo Jin-Song , Wang Han , Zhang Ping , Yan Peng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The dynamic characteristics of N2O emissions and nitrogen transformation in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) using the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process coupled with denitrification were investigated via 15N isotope tracing and thermodynamic analysis. The results indicate that the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) values of N2O production by the nitrifier denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification reactions were greater than that of NH2OH oxidation, indicating that N2O was easier to produce via either nitrifier and heterotrophic denitrification than via NH2OH oxidation. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) denitrification exhibited a higher fs0 (the fraction of electron-donor electrons utilized for cell synthesis) than NH2OH oxidation. Therefore, AOB preferred the denitrification pathway because of its growth advantage when N2O was produced by the AOB. The N2O emissions by hydroxylamine oxidation, AOB denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification in the SBBRs using different C/N ratios account for 5.4–7.6%, 45.2–60.8% and 33.8–47.2% of the N2O produced, respectively. The total N2O emission with C/N ratios of 0, 0.67 and 1 was 228.04, 205.57 and 190.4 μg N2O-N·g−1VSS, respectively. The certain carbon sources aid in the reduction of N2O emissions in the process.
O ESTADO BRASILEIRO E A POLÍTICA URBANA:
Authors: Cortez Costa Joabio Alekson , Diniz de Oliveira Júlia , Nonato Junior Raimundo 
Published: July 2020

RESUMO

No Brasil, verifica-se um crescimento populacional nas cidades, aumento da demanda por moradia, emprego, serviços de saúde, educação, saneamento básico e lazer. Dadas as limitações econômicas e a própria incapacidade das gestões municipais em lidar com essas questões, observa-se um agravamento dos problemas sociais e ambientais, com repercussões diretas na qualidade de vida da população, sobretudo, daquela parcela menos abastada. Diante disso, políticas urbanas foram adotadas pelo Estado brasileiro no intuito de orientar o desenvolvimento urbano do país. Sob este prima, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões sobre a efetividade do Estatuto da Cidade (2001). Para tanto, inicialmente, discute-se a produção do espaço urbano e os agentes de sua produção, tomando por base as obras de Carlos (2008, 2011) e Corrêa (1989, 2011), em seguida, aborda-se a trajetória da Política Urbana no Brasil, e a exposição de algumas críticas direcionadas ao Estatuto da Cidade e o plano diretor, tendo como referência os escritos de Souza (2010) e Maricato (2001). Ao final, conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços e inovações presentes na nova lei, principalmente no que se referem à gestão democrática da cidade, questões essenciais como a permanência da estrutura fundiária e o combate à especulação imobiliária continuam irresolutas e constituem entraves ao desenvolvimento urbano justo e igualitário.

Palavras-chave: Produção do espaço. Agentes de produção. Política urbana. Estatuto da cidade. Plano diretor.

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, it turns out a population growth in cities, increasing demand for housing, employment, health services, education, basic sanitation and leisure. Given the economic limitations and the municipal administrations own inability to deal with those issues, it’s observed an aggravation of social and environmental problems, with direct repercussions on the population’s life quality, especially of that less wealthy portion. Given that, urban policies were adopted by the Brazilian State in order to guide the country urban development. Under this concept, this article aims to present some reflections on the City Statute (2001) effectiveness. To do so, initially discusses the urban space production and the agents of its production, based on Carlos’ (2008, 2011) and Corrêa’s (1989, 2011) works, then it approaches the Brazil Urban Politics trajectory, and the exposition of some criticisms directed to the City Statute and the master plan, having as reference the writings of Souza (2010) and Maricato (2001). In the end, it is concluded that, despite the advances and innovations present in the new law, especially regarding the city democratic management, essential issues such as the land structure permanence and the fight against real estate speculation remain unresolved and constitute obstacles to the fair and equitable urban development.

Keywords: Space production. Production agents. Urban policy. City statute. Master plan.
A Review of the Bioactive Ingredients, Pharmacological Functions and Mechanisms of Inonotus obliquus
Authors: Anwaier Gulinigaer , Wen Cong , Cao Yi-Ni , Qi Rong 
Published: July 2020

:
As a medicinal fungus, Inonotus obliquus (IO) has been widely used in the treatment of
cancer and digestive system diseases. Despite the progress that has been made in the studies of IO
and its active compounds, their applications in the treatment of other important clinical diseases, such
as cardiovascular diseases, which are major global issues with limited treatment strategies, are seldom
reported. This review summarizes the separation and purification methods of chemical components
of IO, the advances in their applications, and research progress on the pharmacological effects
and related mechanisms of IO in disease prevention. This review will help researchers and clinicians
to further understand the pharmacological functions and mechanisms of IO and its active components,
which may extend their medical applications in the prevention and treatment of other diseases
in addition to tumors and digestive system diseases in the near future.
Novel Dihydropyrimidinone-Derived Selenoesters as Potential Cytotoxic Agents to Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular Docking and DNA Fragmentation
Authors: Benassi Jean C. , Barbosa Flavio A.R. , Grinevicius Valdelúcia M.A.S. , Ourique Fabiana , Coelho Daniela , Felipe Karina B. , Braga Antônio L. , Filho Danilo W. , Pedrosa Rozangela C. 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective:Evidence point out promising anticancer activities of Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) and organoselenium compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential of DHPM-derived selenoesters (Se-DHPM), as well as their molecular mechanisms of action.Methods:Se-DHPM cytotoxicity was evaluated against cancer lines (HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7) and normal cells (McCoy). HepG2 clonogenic assay allowed verifying antiproliferative effects. The propidium iodide/ orange acridine fluorescence readings showed the type of cell death induced after treatments (72h). Molecular simulations with B-DNA and 49H showed docked positions (AutoDock Vina) and trajectories/energies (GROMACS). In vitro molecular interactions used CT-DNA and 49H applying UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence. Comet assay evaluated DNA fragmentation of HepG2 cells. Flow cytometry analysis verified HepG2 cell cycle effects. Levels of proteins (β-actin, p53, BAX, HIF-1α, γH2AX, PARP-1, cyclin A, CDK-2, and pRB) were quantified by immunoblotting.Results:Among Se-DHPM, 49H was selectively cytotoxic to HepG2 cells, reduced cell proliferation, and increased BAX (80%), and p53 (66%) causing apoptosis. Molecular assays revealed 49H inserted in the CT-DNA molecule causing the hypochromic effect. Docking simulations showed H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which kept the ligand partially inserted into the DNA minor groove. 49H increased the DNA damage (1.5 fold) and γH2AX level (153%). Besides, treatments reduced PARP-1 (60%) and reduced pRB phosphorylation (21%) as well as decreased cyclin A (46%) arresting cell cycle at the G1 phase.Conclusions:Together all data obtained confirmed the hypothesis of disruptive interactions between Se-DHPM and DNA, thereby highlighting its potential as a new anticancer drug.
HCA587 Protein Vaccine Induces Specific Antitumor Immunity Mediated by CD4+ T-cells Expressing Granzyme B in a Mouse Model of Melanoma
Authors: Yang Weiming , Zhang Weiheng , Wang Xiaozhong , Tan Liming , Li Hua , Wu Jiemin , Wu Qiong , Sun Wanlei , Chen Juanjuan , Yin Yanhui 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The antigen HCA587 (also known as MAGE-C2), which is considered a cancer-testis
antigen, exhibits upregulated expression in a wide range of malignant tumors with unique immunological properties,
and may thus serve as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy.

Objective:
The study aimed to explore the antitumor effect of the HCA587 protein vaccine and the response of
humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Methods:
The HCA587 protein vaccine was formulated with adjuvants CpG and ISCOM. B16 melanoma cells
were subcutaneously inoculated to C57BL/6 mice, followed by treatment with HCA587 protein vaccine subcutaneously.
Mouse survival was monitored daily, and tumor volume was measured every 2 to 3 days. The tumor
sizes, survival time and immune cells in tumor tissues were detected. And the vital immune cell subset and
effector molecules were explored.

Results:
After treatment with HCA587 protein vaccine, the vaccination elicited significant immune responses,
which delayed tumor growth and improved animal survival. The vaccination increased the proportion of CD4+ T
cells expressing IFN-γ and granzyme B in tumor tissues. The depletion of CD4+T cells resulted in an almost
complete abrogation of the antitumor effect of the vaccination, suggesting that the antitumor efficacy was mediated
by CD4+ T cells. In addition, knockout of IFN-γ resulted in a decrease in granzyme B levels, which were
secreted by CD4+ T cells, and the antitumor effect was also significantly attenuated.

Conclusion:
The HCA587 protein vaccine may increase the levels of granzyme B expressed by CD4+ T cells,
and this increase is dependent on IFN-γ, and the vaccine resulted in a specific tumor immune response and subsequent
eradication of the tumor.
Synthetic and Medicinal Perspective of Fused-Thiazoles as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Pawar Swati , Kumar Kapil , Gupta Manish K. , Rawal Ravindra K. 
Published: July 2020

Background:Cancer is second leading disease after cardiovascular disease. Presently, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy and use of chemicals are some treatments available these days. Thiazole and its hybrid compounds extensively used scaffolds in drug designing and development of novel anticancer agents due to their wide pharmacological profiles. Fused thiazole scaffold containing drugs are available in market as a promising group of anticancer agents.Methods:The detailed study has been done using different database that focused on potent thiazole hybrid compounds with anticancer activity. The literature included in this review is focused on novel fused thiazole derivatives exhibiting anticancer potency in last decade.Results:Literature suggested that thiazoles and its fused and linked congener serve excellent pharmacological profile as an anticancer agent. Various synthetic strategies for fused thiazole are also summarized in this article. Novel thiazole and its fused congener showed anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines.Interpretation:Thiazole is a promising scaffold reported in literature with broad range of biological activities. This article covers the thiazole compounds fused with other carbocyclic/heterocycle including benzene, imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, phenothiazine, thiopyrano, steroids, pyrrole etc. with anticancer activity from last decades. Several inhibitors for breast cancer, colon cancer, melanoma cancer, ovarian cancer, tubulin cancer etc. were reported in this review. Thus, this review will definitely aid to develop a lead for the new selective anticancer agents in future.
Electrophysiological and Clinical Improvement in Non-Invasive Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Marvulli Riccardo , Ianieri Giancarlo , De Venuto Grazia , Falcicchio Marta , Gallo Giulia A. , Mennuni Catia , Gallone Maria F. , Fiore Pietro , Ranieri Maurizio , Megna Marisa 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective:
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common form of
nerve entrapment. Clinically, various signs and symptoms compare due to overexposure to mechanical
vibrations transmitted to the wrist bones and cartilage, resulting in compression of the sensory and
motor nerve fibers of the median nerve. Early symptoms include nocturnal paresthesia and electromyography
reveals reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy
of a dietary integrator composed of acetyl-L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, quercetin, bromelain, pantothenic
acid, C and B1 and B2 and B6 and B12 vitamins in patients with early (minimal) carpal tunnel
syndrome.

Methods:
36 patients (28 female and 8 male) with early CTS characterized by sensory nerve demyelination
and inflammation of the transverse carpal ligament. Patients were divided into two groups,
group A (18 patients received physical therapy) and group B (18 patients received physical therapy and
an oral integrator). Clinical (sleep quality questionnaire to measure severity of paresthesia) and neurophysiological
assessment (Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity) performed at baseline, and then at 30
and 60 days after treatment.

Results:
Sleep quality and Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity data analysis show improvement in
both groups at 30 and 60 days, with statistical difference between them in both time of analysis.

Conclusions:
In the early CTS, with sensory fibers damage, use of dietary integrator, such as Micronil
Dol®, composed of acetyl-L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, quercetin, bromelain, pantothenic acid, C and B1
and B2 and B6 and B12 vitamins can be effective in quick recovery of median nerve sensory.
Childhood Alopecia Areata: An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents
Authors: Hon Kam L. , Luk David C.K. , Leung Alexander K.C. , Ng Chantel , Loo Steven K.F. 
Published: July 2020

Background:Alopecia Areata (AA) is a systemic autoimmune condition that usually starts in childhood.Objective:This article aims to review genetics, therapy, prognosis, and recent patents for AA.Methods:We used clinical queries and keywords “alopecia areata” AND “childhood” as a search engine. Patents were searched using the key term “alopecia areata” in Patents.google.com and freepatentsonline. com.Results:Due to an immune-mediated damage to the hair follicles, hair is lost from the scalp and other areas of the body temporarily or even permanently. Children with AA are generally healthy. Evidence of genetic association and increased predisposition for AA was found by studying families with affected members. Pathophysiologically, T- lymphocytes attack hair follicles and cause inflammation and destruction of the hair follicles and hair loss. In mild cases, there would be well-demarcated round patchy scalp hair loss. The pathognomonic “exclamation mark hairs” may be seen at the lesion periphery. In more severe cases, the hair loss may affect the whole scalp and even the whole body. The clinical course is also variable, which may range from transient episodes of recurrent patchy hair loss to an indolent gradually deteriorating severe hair loss. The treatment of AA depends on factors including patients’ age, the extent of the hair loss, duration of disease, psychological impact, availability and side effect profile of the treatments. For localized patchy alopecia, topical application of corticosteroids and/or intralesional corticosteroids are the treatment of choice. Other topical treatments include minoxidil, anthralin, coal tar and immunotherapy. In severe resistant cases, systemic immunosuppressants may be considered. Although herbal medicine, acupuncture, complementary and alternative medicine may be tried on children in some Asian communities, the evidence to support these practices is lacking. To date, only a few recent patents exist in topical treatments, including Il-31, laser and herbal medications. Clinical efficacy is pending for these treatment modalities.Conclusions:None of the established therapeutic options are curative. However, newer treatment modalities, including excimer laser, interleukin-31 antibodies and biologics, are evolving so that there may be significant advances in treatment in the near future. AA can be psychosocially devastating. It is important to assess the quality of life, degree of anxiety, social phobia and mood of the patients and their families. Psychological support is imperative for those who are adversely affected psychosocially.