bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Karasjok Case and its Significance for the Legal Survey in Finnmark
Authors: Ravna Øyvind 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
On the final day of spring 2024, the Supreme Court of Norway ruled in the Karasjok case, affirming the Finnmark Estate’s ownership rights. The Grand Chamber’s decision, passed by a narrow 6 to 5 margin, underscored divisions surrounding national property law, international Indigenous law, legal history, and Sámi customary law, which received less attention than usual in Norwegian case law.
This article explores the judgment’s impact on the ongoing legal survey in Finnmark. While the ruling emphasizes national property law, it disappoints those seeking clear guidelines for future surveys. The Court’s differing opinions and explicit refusal to address potential ownership rights for individuals, village communities, or Sámi siidas create ample space for both legal disputes and further analysis. The author presents four possible outcome scenarios.
Additionally, the significant minority opposing the application of ilo Convention No. 169 adds to the uncertainty regarding international law’s role in the survey process.
The Development of the Islamic Sigillion (sijill) and Its Integration into the Syrian-Orthodox Patriarchate (7th–8th Centuries)
Authors: Pierre Simon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The sigillion as a caliphal diploma for patriarchs, particularly in the Miaphysite/ Syrian-Orthodox Church, remains an under-researched aspect of early Islamicate Eastern Christianity. Drawing on the writings of Patriarch Dionysius of Tell-Maḥrē (r. 818–845), this article examines how this type of document was used both to formalize ecclesiastical authority, and to confirm ancient political and fiscal privileges.
First appearing in Egyptian papyri, as well as in Syriac and Muslim historiography in the early Islamic period, both sijill and sigillion likely derived from a local adaptation of the Latin sigillum, and/or reflect a pre-existing Semitic usage. Its origin can be traced to the Diocese Orientis (Bilād al-Shām) and/or Northern Arabia before its introduction to Egypt after the Arab conquest.
Its function extended beyond a simple ‘safe-conduct’ or ‘fiscal grant’: it might primarily be conceptualized as a formal ‘mission order,’ with a folded – and sealed – bottom, reserved for authorized administrators to verify the holder’s claim. The sigillion could grant exceptional rights or appointments, such as exemption from corvée labor, internal passports for movement, state revenue allocations, or the authority to request law enforcement support.
In the mid-8th century, emirs, particularly in Northern Mesopotamia, began issuing sigillia to prelates, metropolitans, and patriarchs. Over time, this practice gained acknowledgment from the Caliphate, establishing the sigillion as a legitimate and official document for patriarchal claims during the Great Schism of the Syrian-Orthodox Church (ca. 754–785). The Church eventually embraced this caliphal recognition as part of its ecclesiastical authority, marking a significant shift in its integration into the structures of the Islamic state and Christian clerical leadership.
Transnational Climate Change Governance in South Asia
Authors: Kaif Ali , Sidique Ubaid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Climate change is a complex global challenge that necessitates a unified international approach, transcending state and sector boundaries. This study delves into the efficacy of transnational climate change governance (TCCG) initiatives in the post-Paris era, with a specific focus on South Asia. The research utilizing the ‘Functional-Output-Fit’ model, evaluates the productivity of these initiatives based on observable and measurable outcomes. Despite the proliferation of initiatives following the Paris Agreement, the study finds a notable dearth of initiatives specifically targeting South Asia. Moreover, there is intra-regional disparities in country representation within climate initiatives, emphasizing the importance of equal participation and collaboration among all regional stakeholders. The findings suggest that a significant proportion of the initiatives in the region have shown positive output performance, indicating overall progress. However, variations exist across different action areas. The analysis of functional and organizational characteristics reveals that while many initiatives demonstrate moderate effectiveness in achieving their intended outcomes, there is room for improvement in certain areas such as policy planning, institutionalization, and target setting to enhance their overall impact. The study makes a significant contribution to the scientific understanding of transnational climate governance in South Asia by providing valuable insights into the representation, focus areas, and effectiveness of climate initiatives in the region. It further highlights that additional research is necessary to delve deeper into the factors contributing to the broader discrepancies in participation and implementation of transnational climate initiatives, particularly in the global south and specifically in South Asia.
Revolutionary Aspects of Formal Inter-governmental Organizations
Authors: Johnson Tana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Formal inter-governmental organizations (FIGO s) combine inter-governmentalism and bureaucracy. FIGO s (e.g., the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the World Health Organization, the World Trade Organization)—are among the most visible bodies in global governance. FIGO s also are regularly accused of stasis, as both the popular press and the scholarly literature depict them as entities that are not seriously considering alternatives to the status quo. Associating them with stasis is simplistic, however, for it misses how revolutionary FIGO s are and also glosses over how stasis that does exist is connected to FIGO s’ revolutionary aspects. Analyzing formal inter-governmental organizations at three levels, this article makes a three-part argument: 1) at the level of the international system, FIGO s are a transformation (a substantial change in circumstances); 2) at the level of policy areas and regimes, FIGO s are transformative (something that changes circumstances); and 3) at the level of individual organizations, FIGO s are transformed (facing changed circumstances), in ways that risk stasis.
Trauma and identity predictors of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in a trauma-exposed Colombian sample
Authors: Robinson Martin , Fino Emanuele , Baysu Gülseli , Turner Rhiannon N , Bloch Natasha I , Hanna Donncha , Armour Chérie 
Published: February 2025

Background: The 11th International Classification of Diseases introduces the diagnosis of Complex PTSD (CPTSD); characterized by traditional PTSD symptomology plus Disturbances in Self Organisation. Part of this construct involves feeling socially disconnected from others, suggesting that aspects of group and individual identity may be associated with this disorder. Aims: The current study seeks to contribute to better understanding the association of individual social and personal identity in development of this disorder in post-conflict contexts. Methodology: This study analysed survey data collected as part a case-control investigation of psychological risk and resilience in a trauma-exposed sample in Colombia ( N = 541). Identity orientations, that is, the level of importance ascribed to one’s social and personal identity, was assessed using the Social and Personal Identities Scale (SIPI) and was assessed as predictor of probable CPTSD diagnosis using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Analyses indicated that trauma experiences were associated with both diagnostic categories, however Social and Personal identity orientation were significant predictors of probable CPTSD diagnosis, but not probable PTSD diagnosis. Greater Personal identity orientation, that is, viewing oneself as individualistic, was associated with increased likelihood of CPTSD. In contrast, greater Social Identity orientation, that is, stronger group membership identification, was associated with reduced odds of CPTSD diagnosis. Identifying as a victim of the conflict was not significantly associated with risk for PTSD or CPTSD outcomes. Conclusion: Greater sense of Social Identity and cohesion is suggested to be protective against CPTSD development, whereas greater personal identity orientation is a risk factor. Theoretical perspectives considering the role of social and personal identity may be valuable in understanding individual risk for CPTSD in post-conflict societies.
CARIES EXPERIENCE AMONG 15-YEARS OLD STUDENTS FROM STRUMICA CITY
Authors: Stevanovic M. , Nikolovska J. , Jankulovska M. , Popovski V. , Ambarkova V. 
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to assess dental caries in 15-year-old students attending two regular public secondary schools in Strumica city. Methods: In 2014, during this cross-sectional study, 545 secondary school students (born in 1997/98), from first grades were selected from 2 public secondary schools. The ethics committee of the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of St Cyril and Methodius approved the study and parental consent was obtained for each child. Dental status was evaluated using the 2013 World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for Decayed, Missing or Filled Teeth (DMFT) by 2 calibrated examiners. Data obtained during the survey were stored in a database and the R software environment for statistical computing was used (http:// www.r-project.org/) and tested for possible statistically significant differences using the Kruslal- Wallis ANOVA test. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Participants dental status was evaluated using the 1997 World Health Organization caries diagnostic criteria for Decayed, Missing or Filled Teeth (DMFT) by 2 calibrated examiners. Results: The total number of children in the sample was 545, comprising 206 (37.8%) females and 339 (62.2%) males. The mean DMFT was 3.36 (Standard Deviation = 2.99) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.11-3.61. One- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) show p-value of 0.01560 (p < 0.05), which means that there was a statistically significant differences between mean DMFT scores for individuals who live in urban (3.81) and rural (3.12) areas. One- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that there was a statistically significant differences between mean DMFT scores for males (3.04) and females (3.88). Significant caries (SiC) index was 6.69. The prevalence of caries-free children was 19.1%. The percentage of untreated caries or the ratio of DT/DMFT was 0.4386 (43.8%). Conclusions: Dental caries experience was seen to be moderate among secondary school children from Strumica city and its surrounding. The DMF index data in adolescents from Strumica city show that dental caries is still a public health problem indicating that actions must be taken at national and local level.
ASSESSMENT OF A PROGRAMME FOR PROMOTING CARIES-FREE CHILDREN
Authors: Öcek Z. , Eden E. , YÜcel U. , Mut A. Nur Usturalı 
Published: February 2025

This study aims to test the efficacy of an oral health promotion programme starting from pregnancy in increasing the mother’s self- efficacy to maintain their childrens oral health. Methods: In this nonrandomised-controlled study the self-efficacy and behaviour of the intervention group was compared with a control group after two intervention phases of the program. The intervention group consisted of expectant mothers living in a low socioeconomic area of Izmir-Turkey. All women who were pregnant between April- June of 2013 (N=289) were invited to take part and the participation rate was 85.8% (N=248). The second phase was performed in 2014 when the babies were 6-9 months with a participation rate of 69.4%. Both phases were in culture centres located in the area where oral health of mothers were examined, tooth brushing instruction and interactive group education was given. 68.6% (n=118) of mothers who attended the first two phases came to third phase when the babies were 18-24 months old in 2015 and completed a questionnaire before the educational activities. The mothers of children of the same age (N=189), from a similar socioeconomic status, living in another part of the city with a participation rate of 59.8% were the control group (N=113). The percentages of the answers given by the groups were compared using Chi-square test. Ethical approval was obtained from Ege University Ethics Committee (No:13-2.1/18) and signed consents were taken. Results: There was no difference on education levels, years spend in Izmir, social and healthcare insurance between two groups. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among groups on percentage of partcipants whose mother tongue was not Turkish (control N=59, 52.2%; intervention N=41, 34.7%). 83 (70.3%) of the mothers in the intervention and 37 (32.7%) in the control group believed that they could prevent their children’s teeth from developing caries (p<0.05). The percentage of mothers who reported that they could clean their children’s teeth before going to bed everynight was significantly higher in the intervention group (intervention N=90, 76.3%; control N=62, 54.9%) (p<0.05) but the difference was lost due to childrens resistance to performing the task. Similarly the significant difference on not giving any other drink then water during sleep (N=77, 65.3%) and avoid giving sugary snacks (N=87, 74.4%) in the intervention group disapeared with children’s persistent crying or interference of the husband/mother-in-law. In the intervention group, 38 mothers (32.2%) reported that they didn’t give any sugary snacks, 51 mothers (43.2%) never fed their children during sleep and 31 mothers (26.3%) cleaned their children’s teeth during last week. The results in the control group were 22 (24.8%), 65 (57.5%) and 10 (8.8%) respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions: The intervention study improved the self-efficacy of mothers on their children’s oral health but showed that there was a greater need to support them against obstacles.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTRINSIC FACTORS ON EROSIVE TOOTH WEAR IN A COHORT STUDY
Authors: Alaraudanjoki V. , Laitala M.L. , Ronkainen J. , Lussi A. , Anttonen V. 
Published: February 2025

The interplay of causative and protective factors on the erosive tooth wear process is complex and little is known about the long-term effects. The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term influence of self-reported intrinsic factors (gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), alcohol abuse, heavy use of alcohol, multiple pregnancies and eating disorders) on erosive tooth wear in adults. Saliva secretion and bruxism were also taken into account. Methods: Of the total Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966, those living in or within 100km of the city of Oulu (n=3,181) were invited for a dental examination. Of them, 1,962 (61.6%) participated, comprising the final study group. A standardized clinical dental examination was conducted in Oulu between 4/2012-6/2013 by seven calibrated dentists. Erosive tooth wear was assessed using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index (BEWE, 0 –18). Clinical data was supplemented by postal questionnaires conducted in 1997/1998 and 2012/2013 and hospital registers. The participants were divided into severe (BEWE sum≥9) and no to moderate (BEWE sum=0-8) erosive wear groups, and logistic regression models were applied. The Ethical Committee of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District approved the study. Results: Selected intrinsic factors were quite rare and explained only 5.9% of the difference in the prevalence and severity of erosive wear. Daily symptoms of GERD (OR3.8, CI 1.2-12.0) and hyposalivation (OR3.8,CI 1.2-11.8) were the strongest risk indicators for severe erosive wear. Additionally, variables associated with elevated risk for severe erosive wear were diagnosed alcoholism at any point (OR2.5,CI 0.7-9.7) and self-reported heavy use of alcohol in both questionnaires (OR2.0,CI 0.6-6.2). Even low-dose long-term consumption of alcohol was associated with erosive wear. Conclusions: In this cohort sample, intrinsic factors such as GERD or alcoholism alone are relatively uncommon causes of erosive wear. The role of long-term use of alcohol in erosion may be bigger than presumed.
DEVELOPING THE PHARMACY WORKFORCE TO HELP REDUCE INEQUALITIES IN ORAL HEALTH
Authors: Humphreys K. , Allen Y. , Lambert-Humble S. , Shah S. 
Published: February 2025

Collaborative working within community-based healthcare services can lead to improved patient care and improved access to services. Variation in access to services exists across the UK, both in terms of availability and accessibility of dental services. Community pharmacies offer an opportunity to improve access to care, through delivery of oral health advice and signposting patients. Increased collaboration could also enable pharmacists to better advise patients on oro-facial pain, oral care and dental services; therefore, contributing towards making every contact count and helping to reduce inequity in access. Aims: To improve the oral knowledge, skills and understanding within community pharmacies and improve their integration and collaboration with dental services. Methods: This project was based in Kent, Surrey and Sussex and stakeholder meetings were held between pharmacy and dental professionals to identify methods of improving collaboration and to understand the oral training needs of the pharmacy workforce. Involved in these stakeholder meetings were community and hospital pharmacists, dentists and dental care professionals. Results: This project resulted in the production of 10 webinars and factsheets for pharmacy professionals about oral/dental issues, which were developed by the stakeholder meetings identifying topics that should be covered. Another outcome is the promotion of integration in the education and training of the dental and pharmacy workforce, which will be achieved by the development of a dental pain and pharmacy group to support the development of the factsheets/webinars and ensure communication between pharmacy and dentistry colleagues. Conclusions: The project identified that dental and pharmacy professionals have a desire for increased collaboration. Communication and shared learning needs to be improved at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in order for pharmacies to provide the best advice to all patients. Longer-term changes in access to services and improvements in oral health will need to be monitored to identify whether these collaborations result in improved care. This model could provide a framework for other countries that are facing similar access challenges. Blended learning and access to common resources could support countries in reducing inequalities in access to oral health advice.
Physiotherapy of the Trunk Related to Sitting Function After Stroke: A Delphi Study
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Briffa Kathy , McLoughlin James , Fary Robyn 
Published: February 2025

Objective To develop consensus statements from a Delphi panel about physiotherapy of the trunk related to sitting function for people with subacute stroke, with the express aim of facilitating treatment choices by novice physiotherapists. Design A four-round e-Delphi study using free-text responses and 5-point Likert scales for agreement. Participants Twenty-six panel members with expertise in clinical and/or research in neurological rehabilitation. Main measures Round 1 consisted of 5 free-text questions. Subsequent rounds ascertained agreement and consensus on statements formulated from Round 1 responses. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥70% agreement. Round 3 presented an additional two clinical observation queries related to the statements for comment. Results Twenty participants completed all four rounds. Nineteen of 26 participants (73%) thought physiotherapy of the trunk was important through all stages of recovery after stroke. Different interpretations about what constitutes physiotherapy of the trunk following stroke were identified. Fourteen statements of agreement regarding physiotherapy of the trunk were formulated. The majority of statements involved different activities in sitting such as control of movement over the base of support and reaching with the unaffected arm. In addition to the statements of agreement clinical observations for implementation of the statements were developed. Conclusions In the absence of detail in clinical guidelines and a wide range of interventions in systematic reviews, this study provides clear and specific options for novice physiotherapists of treatment of the trunk related to functional task practice in sitting and as preparation for sit to stand.
More than 3 years of teleconsultations: A retrospective cohort study in specialized outpatient palliative care
Authors: Veldeman Sarah , Martin Tobias , Wüeller Johannes , Czaplik Michael , Follmann Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Background: Telemedicine in palliative care is advancing to conquer challenges like staff shortages and limited access. Though feasibility and acceptance are proven, the clinical effects of teleconsultations (a nurse on-site consulting with a remote physician) have yet to be studied. The impact on physicians’ workload or which patients it suits best, remain unclear. Aim: This study analyses the effect of teleconsultations on physician quota (number of physician-attended home visits divided by total number of home visits) and hospitalizations in specialized outpatient palliative care (SOPC) after 3 years of use in Aachen, Germany. Design: In a single-center, retrospective cohort study (September 2019–March 2023), clinical data was retrieved from a palliative care provider. Setting/Participants: 1756 patients with diseases from all medical disciplines received care during the observation period. By clinicians’ choice 384 received teleconsultations, while 1372 did not. Results: 833 teleconsultations were conducted. Telemedicine patients were younger (72.8 ± 12.5 years vs. non-telemedicine 74.4 ± 12.8 years, p = 0.011), presented more diagnoses ( p < 0.001), while scope of symptoms and diagnoses was equivalent. Telemedicine patients had a longer duration of stay within the SOPC and more home visits. Physician quota in the telemedicine group was lower ( p < 0.001). A matched pairs analysis ( n = 726) showed no significant difference in hospitalizations. Conclusions: Telemedicine can reduce physician quota, alleviating personnel shortages while providing time for care-intensive patients and creating capacity for more patients. Telemedicine seems suited for multimorbid, long-term patients. A matched pairs analysis showed no difference in hospitalizations in telemedicine patients.