bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Amygdalo-Parabrachial Pathway Regulates Pain Perception and Chronic Pain
Authors: Raver Charles , Uddin Olivia , Ji Yadong , Li Ying , Cramer Nathan , Jenne Carleigh , Morales Marisela , Masri Radi , Keller Asaf 
Published: March 2020

The parabrachial (PB) complex mediates both ascending nociceptive signaling and descending pain modulatory information in the affective/emotional pain pathway. We have recently reported that chronic pain is associated with amplified activity of PB neurons in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Here we demonstrate that similar activity amplification occurs in mice, and that this is related to suppressed inhibition to lateral parabrachial (LPB) neurons from the CeA in animals of either sex. Animals with pain after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-Pain) displayed higher spontaneous and evoked activity in PB neurons, and a dramatic increase in after-discharges, responses that far outlast the stimulus, compared with controls. LPB neurons in CCI-Pain animals showed a reduction in inhibitory, GABAergic inputs. We show that, in both rats and mice, LPB contains few GABAergic neurons, and that most of its GABAergic inputs arise from CeA. These CeA GABA neurons express dynorphin, somatostatin, and/or corticotropin releasing hormone. We find that the efficacy of this CeA-LPB pathway is suppressed in chronic pain. Further, optogenetically stimulating this pathway suppresses acute pain, and inhibiting it, in naive animals, evokes pain behaviors. These findings demonstrate that the CeA-LPB pathway is critically involved in pain regulation, and in the pathogenesis of chronic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe describe a novel pathway, consisting of inhibition by dynorphin, somatostatin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons in the CeA that project to the parabrachial nucleus. We show that this pathway regulates the activity of pain-related neurons in parabrachial nucleus, and that, in chronic pain, this inhibitory pathway is suppressed, and that this suppression is causally related to pain perception. We propose that this amygdalo-parabrachial pathway is a key regulator of both chronic and acute pain, and a novel target for pain relief.
DESAHUCIADAS. Pobreza y lucro en la ciudad del siglo XXI
Authors: Bernales Rodriguez Brythanye 
Published: March 2020

“Me siento sucio al recopilar estas historias y dificultades como si fueran trofeos” -escribe el sociólogo M. Desmond, rememorando el término de las investigaciones que darían vida a Desahuciadas, obra ganadora del premio Pulitzer de No ficción 2017. No era para menos. Desmond se asentó en los barrios marginales de Milwaukee (Wisconsin, Estados Unidos) –primero en el Parque de Viviendas Móviles College en South Side y luego en un apartamento compartido en los guetos del North Side– entre mayo de 2008 y diciembre de 2009, para encontrar respuestas al evento que marcó la ruta de su familia cuando era apenas un niño: el desahucio. Lejos de tratarse de un episodio aislado, el desahucio –o desalojo legal forzado– es una experiencia que impacta en la vida pública y privada de cada vez un mayor número de familias de clase media y baja en los países llamados de «primer mundo», especialmente, tras la crisis financiera global de 2008. En ese sentido, Desahuciadas nos introduce en este gravitante problema a través de las vivencias habitacionales de ocho familias que pese a sus variantes constitutivas (número, género, etnia, formación u ocupación, entre otros) comparten el haberse visto atrapadas en el círculo de la pobreza por pretender aspirar a una vivienda que les brinde alojamiento «cual ratones en una ratonera».
El Estrés Laboral y su Influencia en el Desempeño de los Trabajadores
Authors: Zuñiga Cristobal Evelyn Carina 
Published: March 2020

El estrés tiene una relación directa con el desempeño laboral, y otras variables más; según las diversas investigaciones realizadas y bases teóricas estudiadas sobre el tema. El estrés laboral es un problema cada vez más frecuente, sin embargo, a pesar de que existen programas para tratarlo y prevenirlo, no ha disminuido, según las estadísticas.
Muchos expertos han tratado de definir estrés laboral, pero el concepto más completo es la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2004) que define a esta variable, como: “la respuesta fisiológica, psicológica y de comportamiento de un individuo que intenta adaptarse y ajustarse a presiones internas y externas. El estrés laboral aparece cuando se presenta un desajuste entre la persona, el puesto de trabajo y la propia organización”. (p.4). La globalización e inestabilidad por la que atraviesan las organizaciones en estos años, hace que los trabajadores se frustren y con ello se tensionen emocionalmente; y esto a su vez conlleva a un aumento de los niveles de estrés laboral y por ende un bajo desempeño laboral. Por lo mismo, la consideración por investigar la variable estrés laboral y el desempeño ha aumentado hoy en día.
En esta reflexión se ha revisado bastante información sobre esta problemática, para poder ofrecerles un panorama general y actualizado de ambas variables.
Asimismo, mostraremos los principales enfoques, conceptos del estrés laboral y su relación con el desempeño laboral, y cuáles son las causas y algunas propuestas de prevención para su control.
Incidencia del consumo y el precio del pescado en la desnutrición crónica
Authors: Cruz Castillo Nelson , Llanos Tiznado Jorge 
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general el determinar la incidencia del consumo y el precio del pescado en los niños con desnutrición crónica de la ciudad de Huaraz – Región Ancash. año- 2017. Habiéndose contrastado la hipótesis general se corroboro que estas variables inciden de manera importante en los niños con desnutrición crónica, existiendo una relación altamente significativa entre las variables. Asimismo, contrastando las hipótesis específicas se estableció que existe una importante incidencia del consumo de pescado. Y que el precio del pescado tiene una relación altamente significativa. El método para la obtención de la información se realizó con el procesamiento de las encuestas a las Madres de los comedores populares, por lo que, se utilizó el programa estadístico convencional, que permitió el análisis univariado de la información. El estudio se complementó con el uso del Word y el Excel de Microsoft. Se realizó el análisis de frecuencias estadísticas y su contrastación de las hipótesis con el método de chi-cuadrado y coeficiente de contingencia. Lo que prevalece en este estudio es el enfoque económico y social.
JEL: I15
Improvement of the extraction of carotenoids and capsaicinoids of chili pepper native (Capsicum baccatum), assisted with cellulolytic enzymes
Authors: Gamarra Mendoza Norma Nélida , Velásquez Rodríguez Silvia Andrea , Roque Lima Blanca Lilia 
Published: March 2020

The production of cellulases of Aspergillus niger ATCC 10864 was carried out by fermentation in biofilms (FB). The extracts of cellulases were used to hydrolyze the cellulose of Capsicum baccatum “escabeche chili” fruit, for this the chili fruits were dehydrated and ground to a particle size < 0.045 mm. Then dry chili: cellulase was mixed and hydrolyzed under conditions of agitation, controlled time and temperature. The medium was filtered and the supernatant of the hydrolyzed chili cake was separated, the latter was dried at 10% humidity and leached with a mixture of hexane:acetone:ethanol to extract the carotenoids and capsaicinoids, which were quantified by HPLC. The extraction yield of oleoresin was five times higher compared to the conventional method; likewise in the T8 and T5 treatments, greater extraction of carotenoids and total capsaicinoids was achieved compared to the other treatments. The hydrolytic action of the cellulases, on the molecular structures of the cellulose of the red drop chili fruit, favored greater release of the carotenoids and total capsaicinoids compared to conventional methods.
A húgyúti fertőzések relatív gyakorisága metforminnal és SGLT2-gátlóval kezelt 2-es típusú diabetes mellitusban szenvedő betegekben. Hálózati metaanalízis
Authors: Merész Gergő , Szabó Szilvia , Dóczy Veronika , Hölgyesi Áron , Szakács Zsolt 
Published: March 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A jelen kutatás célja, hogy
szisztematikus irodalomkeresésre épülő hálózati metaanalízis segítségével
összehasonlítsa a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség terápiájában alkalmazott,
metforminnal kombinált nátrium-glükóz kotranszporter-2 (SGLT2)-gátlókat a
húgyúti fertőzések kialakulási kockázatának vizsgálatán keresztül.
Módszer: A MEDLINE és EMBASE adatbázisokban történt
irodalomkeresés alapján beválogatott randomizált, kontrollos klinikai
vizsgálatok húgyúti fertőzések gyakoriságára vonatkozó eredményeit hálózati
metaanalízis segítségével foglaltuk össze, melyben a közös komparátor a
placebóval kombinált vagy monoterápiaként adott metformin volt.
Eredmények: Az irodalomkeresés során 10 165 hivatkozást
azonosítottunk, s ezek közül 10 közlemény eredményeit tartalmazza a hálózati
metaanalízis, amely alapján a húgyúti fertőzések kockázata a metforminnal
kombinált, kis dózisú ertugliflozin mellett számszerűleg alacsonyabb volt a
többi SGLT2-gátlóhoz képest (ertugliflozin, 5 mg vs.
empagliflozin, 10 mg: RR = 0,606, 95%-os CrI: 0,264–1,415; ertugliflozin, 5 mg
vs. dapagliflozin, 10 mg: RR = 0,853, 95%-os CrI:
0,301–2,285). Az empagliflozin 25 mg-os dózisa mellett a húgyúti fertőzés
kockázata számszerűleg alacsonyabbnak adódott az ertugliflozin 15 mg-os (RR =
0,745, 95%-os CrI: 0,330–1,610), valamint a dapagliflozin 10 mg-os (RR = 0,680,
95%-os CrI: 0,337–1,289) dózisához képest. A hatóanyagok, illetve a dózisok
közötti eltérés a húgyúti fertőzések tekintetében nem bizonyult statisztikailag
szignifikánsnak. A metaregressziós elemzések alapján a kiindulási éhomi
plazmavércukorszint statisztikailag szignifikáns, pozitív irányú összefüggést
mutatott a húgyúti fertőzések relatív gyakoriságával (β = 0,785, 95%-os CrI:
0,062–1,587). Következtetések: A húgyúti fertőzések relatív
gyakoriságát vizsgálva nem igazolható statisztikailag szignifikáns különbség a
vizsgált, metforminnal kombinált SGLT2-gátló kezelések között. A jelen tanulmány
példaként szolgálhat arra, hogy szabadon rendelkezésre álló eszközök
felhasználásával lebonyolítható egy hálózati metaanalízis, amely az egészségügyi
technológiák relatív hatásosságának, biztonságosságának értékeléséhez gyakran
nélkülözhetetlen. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(13): 491–501.
Gyula Priskin, 'The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Moon: Coffin Texts Spells'
Authors: Brady Bernadette 
Published: March 2020

Gyula Priskin, The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Moon: Coffin Texts Spells. 154–160. Archaeopress Egyptology 22. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2019. Paperback. ii+254 pp., 4 tables, 1 figure. ISBN: 9781789691986. £30.00.
Financiamiento y desarrollo empresarial en las MYPES residentes en el parque industrial de Huaycán
Authors: Tanta Espinoza Ingrid Lizeth , Vilca Coaquira Abigail Elizabeth , Luy Medina Gloria Ivon 
Published: March 2020

La presente investigación analiza la relación entre el financiamiento y desarrollo empresarial de las MYPES (Micro y Pequeñas Empresas) residentes en la zona industrial de Huaycán, ciudad del distrito de Ate-Vitarte, Lima. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo correlacional con un diseño no experimental y de corte transversal. La población en estudio estuvo formada por 60 MYPES en el mencionado lugar. A fin de medir el financiamiento interno se utilizó un cuestionario elaborado por Márquez (2007). Para medir el financiamiento externo se utilizó un cuestionario creado por Cornejo y Galicia (2010); el cuestionario de desarrollo empresarial fue elaborado por García (2003). Su fiabilidad se verificó por el alfa de Cronbach, que para el financiamiento obtuvo 0.95 y para el desarrollo empresarial 0.840. Los resultados de Rho de Spearman ρ= 0.329, p= 0.036 permite concluir que el financiamiento tiene una relación significativa directa sobre el desarrollo empresarial. Entonces, a mayor financiamiento las MYPES tendrán mayor desarrollo empresarial que les permitirá tener un desempeño óptimo en sus actividades que involucran a gran parte de la población, permitiéndoles tener una oportunidad de negocio y empleo, mejorando de esta manera la economía de sus familias, a fin de propiciar la reducción de pobreza en el país.
Mediação de conflitos na gestão da saúde (médica, clínica e hospitalar): humanização do direito médico
Authors: Nascimento Dulce Maria Martins do 
Published: March 2020

Objective: to demonstrate that the conflict mediation process presents itself as an adequate response in the prevention, management and resolution of differences, where there are ongoing relationships and the interest in building effective, global and lasting solutions. Methodology: the present work is based on a bibliographic review and on the author's professional experience, through her interventions and practical experiences, with more than 5,000 hours of experience in mediation alone. Results: most of the conflicts between the different health subcultures - medical, nursing, administrative, patient and family relations, as well as, more recently, information technology and robotics in health - are directly related to different forms of work, authority and legitimacy, understood as divergent and mostly understood as incompatible and irreconcilable. Likewise, it is essential to know and incorporate consensual, voluntary and confidential dialogue and negotiation processes in the organization, such as mediation, facilitated by an impartial third party, with no decision or judgment power. It is confirmed the need for health leaders to know how to deal with the complexity of conflicts, which remain between the different subcultures. Organizations and managers who use consensual processes in a technical way enhance positive experiences, as well as improve quality indicators in the organizational social environment. Conclusion: it is expected that medical, clinical and hospital managers develop competences for the prevention, management and consensual resolution of conflicts, being necessary to develop and deepen the knowledge of the mediation process.
Workplace Safety: A Necessity or a Luxury in the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises of Bangladesh?
Authors: Al Amin Mohammed Nafeez 
Published: March 2020

Following the deadliest accidental structural failure in modern human history, Bangladesh Government has been getting external pressure to amend and properly implement its “Workplace Safety Laws”. Garment factories like the ones in Rana Plaza (the collapsed building in Savar) are large organizations. Along with the large companies, there are a significant number of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in Bangladesh which are employing more than 31 million people. Obviously, workplace safety should be a matter of concern for their employers, or is it? Why are they reluctant about it? What is being done to ensure safety? Are they getting pressures or motivated by externalities? Safety measures if taken, is it enough? What else can be done to improve workplace safety? The purpose of this research paper is to find out and analyze the answers to the above questions concerning workplace safety in the MSMEs of Bangladesh. A blend of secondary sources and primary sources (survey amongst a significant number of owners of various MSMEs and observation of a few organizations) of data were used from which both quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out for the purpose of exploring the unknown. The results show a rather reluctant approach by the owners regarding this issue. However, it was also found that the government has taken a lot of initiatives to minimize workplace safety hazards and is on the verge of implementing them. Thus, a few alternatives that involve lobbying and use of marketing activities to create greater awareness were recommended.
JEL Classifications Code: J81, J88
Comparison of performance statistics of CT scan and ultrasonography in complicated appendicitis: experience in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Majhi Harekrishna , Panigrahi Pramit Ballav , Mohapatra Abinasha 
Published: March 2020

Background: This study is conducted from November 2018 to November 2019 in this institute, where comparison of performance statistics is done between CT scan and Ultrasonography in patients with complicated appendicitis scheduled for conservative management, elective or emergency surgery. Aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the performance statistics of CT scan and Ultrasonography in complicated appendicitis.Methods: The CT scan or USG findings of 87 patients were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups i.e. CT scan group (group-1/18 patients), USG group (group-2/69 patients). Satistical analysis Student”s t-test, Fischer”s test, p-value, k-value.Results: Clinical signs, CT findings, USG findings, complications at surgery and histological examinations were noted. 2, 3, 13, patients presenting with CT features and 5, 13, 51 patients presenting with USG features of appendicular perforation, peri-appendicular abscess, inflammatory appendicular mass respectively. No clinical signs showed a significant association with the presence of appendicular perforation, peri-appendicular abscess, inflammatory appendicular mass or the complication encountered at surgery.Conclusions: In this study, by comparing CT scan group and USG group in complicated acute appendicitis, CT scan can change the plan of management in doubtful cases, decrease length of hospital stay and expenses, reduce the complication rate and negative laparotomy rate, and reduce the episodes of conversion to open surgery.
A study of histopathological spectrum of central nervous system lesions at a tertiary health care center of South Gujarat, India
Authors: Shihora Nidhi V. , Patel Himanshu U. , Patel S. M. , Ramani Pankaj R. , Nandasana Bhumika N. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Central nervous system lesions can have varied aetiology like infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic. Establishing an accurate aetiology is essential for timely diagnosis and neurosurgical intervention. The annual incidence of tumours of CNS ranges from 10 to 17 per 100,000 people for intracranial tumours and 1 to 2 per 100,000 people for intraspinal tumours; the majority of these are primary tumours, and only one fourth to one half are metastastic. The present study attempts to provide preliminary data on morphological patterns of intracranial lesions and to study clinicopathological spectrum.Methods: The present study was carried out at a tertiary care center from January 2015 to September 2017. A total of 65 cases of CNS lesions were analyzed. In case of CNS tumours reporting were done according to WHO criteria for classification and grading.Results: Out of 65 cases studied, 51 cases (78.46%) were of neoplastic lesions and 14 cases (21.54%) of non-neoplastic lesions. Among 14 cases of non-neoplastic lesions 2 cases were of reactive/cystic lesions, 4 cases were of infective lesions, and 8 cases were of congenital lesions. In the present study, out of 51 neoplastic cases most common cases were of astrocytoma.Conclusions: The exact histopathological diagnosis of Central Nervous system lesions is essential to predict the prognosis and treatment. Management strategies and prognosis of tumours depends on the correlation of factors like the types, grades of tumours, its location, size and stage of development.
Clinical study and management of hydrocephalus in children
Authors: Deshmukh Santoshkumar N. , Yadav Ashishkumar T. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. Hydrocephalus can occur at any age, but it is more common in infants. Long-term complications of hydrocephalus can vary widely and are often difficult to predict and may result in significant intellectual, developmental and physical disabilities. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt remains mainstay of treatment even today as it is easily available and inexpensive.Methods: The study was conducted in Dr. V. M. Government Medical College and Hospital located in Solapur (Maharashtra) from September 2016 to 2018. It was a prospective descriptive study. 30 cases up to the age 14 years with diagnosis of hydrocephalus undergoing VP (ventriculo-peritoneal) shunt surgery were included in the study.Results: Aqueductal stenosis and tuberculous meningitis were the commonest causes of congenital and acquired hydrocephalus in children respectively. Shunt infection and shunt obstruction were the commonest post-operative complications required shunt revision. Low birth weight and other associated congenital anomalies increased the mortality rate.Conclusions: VP shunt placement has been the main treatment modality for hydrocephalus. VP shunts procedures are associated with complications and morbidity. Number of revision shunt procedures, low birth weight, associated congenital anomalies adversely affected the final surgical outcome.
Institutional births analysis from labour room registries in North Indian hilly state
Authors: Sood Mangla 
Published: March 2020

Background: India is the second most populous country in the world contributing to one fifth of global deaths among under 5-year-old children. Of these under 5 deaths, Infant mortality contributes to more than 89% and neonatal mortality is responsible for 70% of IMR. Of the many proximal determinants of neonatal mortality, inadequate utilization of health services and poor skills of health care providers contribute significantly. The lack of data constrains targeted interventions for these. This study is an attempt to analyze the existing data quality along with gaps in the reporting system to initiate timely course correction for improved programmatic outcomes.Methods: The labour room birth registries from 12 District hospitals and two Government Medical Colleges in the state of Himachal Pradesh (India) were analyzed. The data was extracted from archives in the State Child health Nodal Officer for the year 2017-2018 and 2018-2019.Results: Over these two years the proportion of institutional delivery has improved. The number of newborns resuscitated remained constant at 4.5%. There was an improved coverage of birth dose immunization. Improvement in Antenatal Corticosteroids coverage among preterm laboring mothers was also observed.Conclusions: Continuous data analysis for improving its quality to take evidence informed decisions is needed. Hands on skill improvement for staff is need of the hour to ensure timely and maximum returns on investment in reproductive and Child Health program.
Hypothalamic hamartoma with gelastic seizures: a case report
Authors: . Zosangliani , Datta Avishek , Thele Rukuwe , Gurung Bishal , Kambiakdik T. 
Published: March 2020

Hypothalamic Hamartoma (HH) may have diverse clinical manifestations. Its hallmark association is with gelastic seizures. Gelastic epilepsy is characterized by episodes of loud, hollow, mirthless, stereo-typed, forced laughter. The patient may stare and giggle briefly without any other motor manifestations. Hypothalamic hamartoma is most often the cause of gelastic seizures. Here, authors report a case of gelastic seizure with hypothalamic hamartoma in a 14-month-old boy with an associated tonic clonic seizure. This case highlights the possibility of underdiagnosed hypothalamic hamartoma in younger age groups among pediatric population.