bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The parallelism between galaxy clusters and early-type galaxies
Authors: D’Onofrio M. , Chiosi C. , Sciarratta M. , Marziani P. 
Published: July 2020

Context. This is the second work dedicated to the observed parallelism between galaxy clusters (GCs) and early-type galaxies (ETGs). The focus is on the distribution of these systems in the scaling relations (SRs) observed when effective radii, effective surface brightness, total luminosities, and velocity dispersions are mutually correlated.
Aims. Using the data of the Illustris simulation we speculate on the origin of the observed SRs.
Methods. We compare the observational SRs extracted from the database of the WIde-field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey with the relevant parameters coming from the Illustris simulations. Then we use the simulated data at different redshift to infer the evolution of the SRs.
Results. The comparison demonstrate that GCs at z ∼ 0 follow the same log(L)−​log(σ) relation of ETGs and that both in the log(⟨I⟩e)−​log(Re) and log(Re)−​log(M*) planes the distribution of GCs is along the sequence defined by the brightest and massive early-type galaxies (BCGs). The Illustris simulation reproduces the tails of the massive galaxies visible both in the log(⟨I⟩e)−​log(Re) and log(Re)−​log(M*) planes, but fails to give the correct estimate of the effective radii of the dwarf galaxies that appear too large and those of GCs that are too small. The evolution of the SRs up to z = 4 permits to reveal the complex evolutionary paths of galaxies in the SRs and indicate that the line marking the zone of exclusion, visible in the log(⟨I⟩e)−​log(Re) and the log(Re)−​log(M*) planes, is the trend followed by virialized and passively evolving systems.
Conclusions. We speculate that the observed SRs originate from the intersection of the virial theorem and a relation L = L0′σβ where the luminosities depend on the star formation history.
Qualitative crop condition survey reveals spatiotemporal production patterns and allows early yield prediction
Authors: Beguería Santiago , Maneta Marco P. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceWe show how subjective information from qualitative crop rating surveys conducted weekly by the USDA can be transformed into a continuous crop condition index that integrates meteorological, agronomic, physiological, technological, and management factors. This index allows comparison of crop conditions between years and locations and provides superior information that enhances yield forecasting models. The proposed methodology can be used to develop better agricultural drought monitoring and early warning systems that can anticipate production anomalies and inform decision making.
T-box transcription factor 3 governs a transcriptional program for the function of the mouse atrioventricular conduction system
Authors: Mohan Rajiv A. , Bosada Fernanda M. , van Weerd Jan H. , van Duijvenboden Karel , Wang Jianan , Mommersteeg Mathilda T. M. , Hooijkaas Ingeborg B. , Wakker Vincent , de Gier-de Vries Corrie , Coronel Ruben , Boink Gerard J. J. , Bakkers Jeroen , Barnett Phil , Boukens Bas J. , Christoffels Vincent M. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceGenome-wide association studies have identified common noncoding variants associated with ECG parameters in theTBX3locus, suggesting that a modest change inTBX3/Tbx3expression level affects heart function. We characterized the morphology, physiology, and gene expression profile of the atrioventricular conduction system in aTbx3haploinsufficient mouse model. We identified Tbx3-dependent regulatory DNA elements active in the atrioventricular conduction system and validated the functionality of these elements in vivo. Using genome editing, we deleted a regulatory DNA element from the mouse genome and show it drives expression ofCacna1gin the cardiac conduction system. Our study unveils a Tbx3-dependent gene regulatory network in the AV conduction system that contributes to heart electrophysiology.
High-throughput discovery of phage receptors using transposon insertion sequencing of bacteria
Authors: Kortright Kaitlyn E. , Chan Benjamin K. , Turner Paul E. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria, are the most abundant microbes on Earth. Extreme specificity to host species or even strains of bacteria makes phages amenable to particular biotechnical applications. This specificity is partially governed by the surface-expressed structures of bacteria that phages use as cell-binding receptors. However, these receptors remain less-studied in phage biology, because their discovery relies on laborious methods utilizing well-characterized bacteria. Here we present INSeq screens as a rapid, high-throughput tool to identify candidate phage receptors. This method was successful in identifying receptors for previously well-characterized phages T2, T4, T6, and T7 as well as identifying receptors for newly isolated phages R3, U115, EC14, EC35, and 8S.
Clusters of bacterial RNA polymerase are biomolecular condensates that assemble through liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Ladouceur Anne-Marie , Parmar Baljyot Singh , Biedzinski Stefan , Wall James , Tope S. Graydon , Cohn David , Kim Albright , Soubry Nicolas , Reyes-Lamothe Rodrigo , Weber Stephanie C. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Bacterial cells are small and were long thought to have little to no internal structure. However, advances in microscopy have revealed that bacteria do indeed contain subcellular compartments. But how these compartments form has remained a mystery. Recent progress in larger, more complex eukaryotic cells has identified a novel mechanism for intracellular organization known as liquid–liquid phase separation. This process causes certain types of molecules to concentrate within distinct compartments inside the cell. Here, we demonstrate that the same process also occurs in bacteria. This work, together with a growing body of literature, suggests that liquid–liquid phase separation is a common mechanism for intracellular organization in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Direct readout of heterochromatic H3K9me3 regulates DNMT1-mediated maintenance DNA methylation
Authors: Ren Wendan , Fan Huitao , Grimm Sara A. , Guo Yiran , Kim Jae Jin , Yin Jiekai , Li Linhui , Petell Christopher J. , Tan Xiao-Feng , Zhang Zhi-Min , Coan John P. , Gao Linfeng , Cai Ling , Detrick Brittany , Çetin Burak , Cui Qiang , Strahl Brian D. , Gozani Or , Wang Yinsheng , Miller Kyle M. , O’Leary Seán E. , Wade Paul A. , Patel Dinshaw J. , Wang Gang Greg , Song Jikui 
Published: July 2020

Significance
DNA methylation and histone modifications are two key epigenetic mechanisms in regulating gene expression, heterochromatin assembly, and genome stability. In mammals, maintenance of DNA methylation is mainly mediated by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in a replication-dependent manner. The spatiotemporal regulation of DNMT1 is essential for faithful propagation of DNA methylation patterns between cell generations. Here, we report the direct readout of the heterochromatic mark H3K9me3 by the RFTS domain of DNMT1, which serves to enhance the enzymatic stimulation of DNMT1 by previously characterized H3 ubiquitylation and mediates the cellular colocalization of DNMT1 and H3K9me3. This study uncovers a direct link between the repressive histone modification and DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation.
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde purified from Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Nijisseiki) juice concentrate inhibits melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells
Authors: Bito Tomohiro , Koseki Kyohei , Asano Ryota , Ueda Nakaba , Yamada Takuhiro , Yabuta Yukinori , Ichiyanagi Tsuyoshi , Ishihara Atsushi , Watanabe Kishi , Watanabe Fumio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pear juice concentrate prepared by boiling Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Nijisseiki) juice can significantly inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis in human skin. Using the ethanol extract of pear juice concentrate, we homogeneously purified an active compound that was identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) through 1H- and 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. We observed that 5-HMF inhibited the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of mushroom tyrosinase as a mixed-type inhibitor (Ki values of 3.81 and 3.70 mmol/L, respectively). In B16 mouse melanoma cells, treatment with 170 µmol/L of 5-HMF significantly reduced α-melanocyte-stimulated melanin synthesis by suppressing the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent signaling pathway involved in melanogenesis. The results of our study indicated that 5-HMF can be potentially used as a skin-lightening agent in the cosmetic industry.
Abbreviations: AC: adenylate cyclase; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; dhFAME: S-(−)-10,11-Dihydroxyfarnesoic acid methyl ester; DMEM: dulbecco′s modified eagle medium; l-DOPA: 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)- l-alanine; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HEPES: 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazine ethane sulfonic acid; 5-HMF: 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde; MITF: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; α-MSH: α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone; PKA: protein kinase A; PVDF: polyvinylidene difluoride; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; TRP1: tyrosinase-related protein 1; TRP2: tyrosinase-related protein 2
Potato tuber metabolomics-based prediction of chip color quality and application using gas chromatography/flame ionization detector
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiko , Takamatsu Kiyofumi , Bamba Takeshi , Fukusaki Eiichiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers are usually harvested once a year; thus, long-term storage is required to supply quality-assured tubers throughout the year. Further, an applicable method to predict tuber quality during storage is needed. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) metabolomics was applied to identify applicable biomarkers for prediction of potato chip color based on 3 years’ field-grown tubers. The projections to latent structures (PLS) prediction model, calculated from a metabolome data set obtained before storage, was consistent with actual measured chip color values. Additionally, GC with frame ionization detector (GC/FID) metabolite fingerprinting simultaneously re-constructed more reliable and relevant prediction models for chip color quality compared to GC/MS. Moreover, nine metabolites detected by GC/MS analysis were further validated as applicable prediction markers. This strategy will provide a practical and cost-effective quality-control tool for potato processing manufacturers on an industrial scale.
Lactobacillus plantarum‐derived extracellular vesicles induce anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization in vitro
Authors: Kim Wanil , Lee Eun Jung , Bae Il‐Hong , Myoung Kilsun , Kim Sung Tae , Park Phil June , Lee Kyung‐Ha , Pham An Vuong Quynh , Ko Jaeyoung , Oh Sang Ho , Cho Eun‐Gyung 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTProbiotics offer various health benefits. Lactobacillus plantarum has been used for decades to enhance human intestinal mucosal immunity and improve skin barrier integrity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells have been recognized as efficient carriers for delivery of biomolecules to recipient cells, and to efficiently regulate human pathophysiology. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria‐derived EVs on human skin is unclear. Herein, we investigated how L. plantarum‐derived EVs (LEVs) exert beneficial effects on human skin by examining the effect of LEVs on cutaneous immunity, particularly on macrophage polarization. LEVs promoted differentiation of human monocytic THP1 cells towards an anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, especially M2b, by inducing biased expression of cell‐surface markers and cytokines associated with M2 macrophages. Pre‐ or post‐treatment with LEVs under inflammatory M1 macrophage‐favouring conditions, induced by LPS and interferon‐γ, inhibited M1‐associated surface marker, HLA‐DRα expression. Moreover, LEV treatment significantly induced expression of macrophage‐characteristic cytokines, IL‐1β, GM‐CSF and the representative anti‐inflammatory cytokine, IL‐10, in human skin organ cultures. Hence, LEVs can trigger M2 macrophage polarization in vitro, and induce an anti‐inflammatory phenomenon in the human skin, and may be a potent anti‐inflammatory strategy to alleviate hyperinflammatory skin conditions.
Analysis of leaves trichomes of Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, Synedrella nodiflora, and Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)
Authors: Shafira S , Salamah A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Asteraceae is a family of flowering plants distributed widely in the terrestrial regions. Asteraceae are grouped into several tribes. Species of the Heliantheae tribe including Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, Synedrella nodiflora, and Tridax procumbens are the most commonly found at Universitas Indonesia Campus, Depok. The research was conducted to describe the morphology and the density of leaves trichomes as a species identification character and for classification purpose that has taxonomic value within several species of tribe Heliantheae. The digital images of leaves were captured using a Dino-Lite digital microscope device and Dino capture 2.0 application to measure the area of leaves and the number of trichomes. The number of trichomes was calculated using ImageJ software. The light microscope was used to observe the trichome morphology. The results showed that trichomes density in young leaves was higher than in the old leaves. Eclipta prostrata, Eleutheranthera ruderalis, and Synedrella nodiflora showed micromorphology of trichome with ornamentation on the surface of the trichome, while Tridax procumbens not. The numbers of leaves trichomes per unit area were also different between species of Heliantheae tribe. Eclipta prostrata has the lowest number of trichomes density with a range of trichomes from 1.15/mm2 to 6.375/mm2 on the surface of young leaves and old leaves. Synedrella nodiflora has the highest trichomes density with a range of trichomes from 2.68/mm2 to 15.71/mm2. The four members of the Heliantheae tribe have a higher density of leaves trichomes on the lower surface (abaxial) than the upper surface (adaxial) of the leaves.
Variation of leaf morphology of hibiscus rosa-sinensis l. under various light intensities at Universitas Indonesia campus area and Citayam, Depok
Authors: Siregar A Y , Salamah A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. is a plant that has been cultivated as an ornamental plant, especially in Indonesia. Universitas Indonesia, located in Depok, has ten variations of H. rosa-sinensis in size, shape, and color of flowers. The flower shape consists of three types, namely, single, double, and crested. In this study, it is reported the comparison of leaf morphology from several types of H. rosa-sinensis L. Twenty leaves from each variety were used for morphometric measurement, and light intensity data from each location of the plant variety was also collected. There are two locations, Universitas Indonesia (UI) Campus Area and Citayam. The results showed that two individuals Crested Peach plant in Citayam, which grown under different light intensity has significantly different in leaf surface area but no difference in stomata surface area. Big Single Red and Double Pink located in UI exposure by the same light intensity has the same leaf surface area and stomata surface area. Comparing Small Single Red Citayam and Small Single Red UI exposure by different light intensity has significantly different in leaf surface area and stomata surface area. Two Crested Peach in UI, exposured by the same light intensity, were significantly different in leaf surface area and has the same stomata surface area. This study showed that light intensity could influence the variation of leaf morphology of several Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower types, but not all flower types.
Effect of acid concentration on the aluminum leaching process
Authors: Mirwan A , Putra M D , Lestari R A , Haka M R , Ulum M B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper explains a study on microwave-assisted leaching of aluminum from peat clay. Microwave-assisted leaching was undertaken using the Iwaki Pyrex glass reactor in a modified microwave oven. A research was made of the effect of acid concentration, microwave power, temperature, and reaction time on the aluminum leaching recovery. The dominant presence of aluminous minerals determined leaching of aluminum values in hydrochloric acid medium at different concentration and microwave power. The optimum leaching ratio for 4 M hydrochloric acid concentration, 40 °C temperature, and 15 min reaction time was obtained 67% dan 46,6% for 100 W dan 80 W respectively. The microwave assisted leaching is more efficient about overall aluminum dissolution.
Sustainable production performance index measurement in small scale chicken slaughtering
Authors: Hidayati L , Astuti R , Sucipto S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The concept of halalan thoyiban, which is in line with sustainable production, has become the needs of industry and consumers, one of which is chicken slaughtering. The methods to measure sustainable production for small scale chicken slaughtering has not been well formulated. This study aims to measure the performance index of sustainable production in small scale chicken slaughtering. In this study, the instrument for measurement was developed in the form of Key Performace Indicators (KPI). The method used to calculate KPI is the Composite Index (CI), so the Sustainable Production Performance Index (SPPI) is obtained. SPPI was calculated in 16 KPI. This method consists of four stages, i.e., measuring the actual value of KPI, normalizing the KPI, weighing the KPI using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and an aggregation method. This study’s results in two small scale chicken slaughtering obtained SPPI values in the economic aspects of 0.5066 and 0.4383, the environmental aspect of 0.4941 and 0.8584, and social aspects of 0.3329 and 0.4205. This result indicates that the lowest performance index is in a social aspect. Overall SPPI of the two small scale chicken slaughtering is 44.45% and 57.24%. Based on the rating standard, both of the SPPI is categorized as ‘fair.’ Two chicken slaughterings are owned by the public and require training and surveillance from the local government. The improvement strategy for small scale chicken slaughtering is to increase the awareness to implement sustainable production by try to apply halal certification.
Frailty state utility and minimally important difference: findings from the North West Adelaide Health Study
Authors: Thompson Mark Q , Theou Olga , Ratcliffe Julie , Tucker Graeme R , Adams Robert J , Walters Stephen J , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundfrailty is a dynamic condition for which a range of interventions are available. Health state utilities are values that represent the strength of an individual’s preference for specific health states, and are used in economic evaluation. This is a topic yet to be examined in detail for frailty. Likewise, little has been reported on minimally important difference (MID), the extent of change in frailty status that individuals consider to be important.Objectivesto examine the relationship between frailty status, for both the frailty phenotype (FP) and frailty index (FI), and utility (preference-based health state), and to determine a MID for both frailty measures.Design and settingpopulation-based cohort of community-dwelling Australians.Participantin total, 874 adults aged ≥65 years (54% female), mean age 74.4 (6.2) years.Measurementsfrailty was measured using the FP and FI. Utilities were calculated using the short-form 6D health survey, with Australian and UK weighting applied. MID was calculated cross-sectionally.Resultsfor both the FP and FI, frailty was significantly statistically associated (P &lt; 0.001) with lower utility in an adjusted analysis using both Australian and UK weighting. Between-person MID for the FP was identified as 0.59 [standard deviation (SD) 0.31] (anchor-based) and 0.59 (distribution-based), whereas for the FI, MID was 0.11 (SD 0.05) (anchor-based) and 0.07 (distribution-based).Conclusionsfrailty is significantly associated with lower preference-based health state utility. Frailty MID can be used to inform design of clinical trials and economic evaluations, as well as providing useful clinical information on frailty differences that patients consider important.
Multiple Paternity and Multiple Male Feeders in Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus Bicknelli)
Authors: Goetz James E. , McFarland Kent P. , Rimmer Christopher C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough multiple male feeders and multiple paternity for a single brood are taxonomically widespread among nonmigratory birds, they appear to be exceedingly rare among migrants. During a demographic study of Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) in Vermont, we observed groups of 2–4 males and one female feed each of 14 broods (78% of 18 broods observed). One male and one female fed each of the remaining four broods. Three males fed broods of two females concurrently or consecutively. Genetic analysis using microsatellite markers revealed multiple paternity in 9 of 13 broods (69%). Four males had offspring in more than one brood in the same year, but no females did. Ten of 17 males (59%) sired offspring in the broods they fed, and 10 of 13 sires (77%) fed the broods in which they sired young. Females fed nestlings more than twice as often as males. Both males and females tended to increase feeding rates as brood size increased. Possible factors influencing the reproductive behavior of Bicknell's Thrush include harsh montane weather, food limitation, a male-biased sex ratio, and reproductive synchrony. Additional research is needed to examine the interaction of ecological and demographic variables that shape the complex breeding ecology of Bicknell's Thrush.
Plumage and Molt in Shorebirds Summering at Enewetak Atoll
Authors: Johnson Oscar W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Various features of plumage and molt were studied in Golden Plovers, Whimbrels, Bristle-thighed Curlews, Wandering Tattlers, and Ruddy Turnstones. Specimens collected during July 1973 at Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands, represent birds that had not migrated to the northern breeding grounds. Based upon several criteria (bursa of Fabricius, wear of remiges and rectrices, and the condition of body feathers) most specimens appeared to be first-year birds. The relative development of alternate plumage showed considerable individual variation, which presumably reflects physiological variability in the factors controlling prealternate molt in the late winter and spring. Many birds remain in nonbreeding plumage (exhibiting only a few alternate feathers), and essentially pass from one basic plumage to another while on the winter range. Plovers replace primaries, secondaries, and some tertials during the winter, and were undergoing a complete prebasic molt in July. Such a pattern varies considerably from molt chronology in postnuptial adults. Whimbrels and Bristle-thighed Curlews finish wing molt in the late spring to midsummer, and birds collected in July had not yet begun prebasic molt. Wandering Tattlers were molting juvenal remiges commencing with the 6th and progressing to the 10th primary. The molting sequence of primaries 1 through 5 was not entirely clear. Museum skins indicated that remige molt starts with the 1st primary in some specimens. The overall pattern awaits detailed study for clarification. No indications of prebasic molt were found in summering turnstones, hence subsequent timing of this molt may coincide with that of postnuptial adults. As no wing molt was occurring, first-year birds apparently retain their juvenal remiges until the prebasic II molt. In each species, summering birds showed considerable individual variability in ongoing rectrix molt. Also some specimens had replaced a few or all of these feathers during the preceding winter while others had not.