bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fine-grained analysis of manner salience
Authors: Akita Kimi , Matsumoto Yo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter delves into the typological
discussion of “manner salience” (Slobin 2004, 2006) by means of a fine-grained examination of
different kinds of manner expressions. Our two speech elicitation
experiments revealed that English speakers are clearly more manner
salient than Japanese in the use of the “default” general manner
expression (i.e. walk) in describing human walking
motion. On the other hand, Japanese speakers use mimetic adverbs
which significantly contribute to the expressive power of manner
expressions, especially in describing the sounds that moving
entities make. These results indicate that manner salience is a
complex phenomenon that involves multiple parameters in the form and
meaning of manner expressions, rather than a mere epiphenomenon of
the typology based on path coding positions.
Attraction of attention in perceived motion events weighed
against typology and cognitive cost
Authors: Morita Takahiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores construction types and the
frequency of the use of optional syntactic elements in French motion
descriptions. In Talmy’s typology on Satellite- vs. Verb-framed
languages, French is characterized as using the construction type of
verb-framed languages for motion events, and according to his
principles on the correlation between the fore- and backgroundedness
of semantic components of motion and the cognitive cost of
expressing them, manner and other concepts are expected to occur
less frequently in foregrounded positions outside of the main verb
than in backgrounded position in the main verb. This chapter shows,
through an experimental method, that facts in French are
more complex, and that the attraction of attention in perceived
motion events has an impact on the choice of construction types and
motivates manner and deixis to be expressed more frequently in
optional syntactic elements under certain circumstances than Talmy’s
principles would predict.
Should Talmy’s motion typology be expanded to visual
motion?
Authors: Kawachi Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses the question of whether or
not Talmy’s (1985, 1991, 2000b) motion typology should be expanded
to visual motion (Matsumoto
2001, 2017;
Slobin 2009; Cifuentes-Férez 2014), by
examining how Sidaama (Cushitic; Ethiopia) expresses (i)
self-agentive/non-agentive motion, (ii) agentive motion, and (iii)
fictive motion along a visual emanation path. It shows that although
this language closely follows the verb-framed pattern in expressing
(i) and (ii), it does not do so in expressing (iii), as in many
other verb-framed languages. A possible reason for this is that
(iii) is not conceptualized as a macro-event, whereas Talmy’s
typology is built on expression patterns of macro-events. This study
also observes that there are other types of events to which Talmy’s
typology does not apply, presumably for the same reason: they are
not really macro-events.
The construction of heterogeneous and fluid identities
Authors: Li Luyao , Huang Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a case study of identity construction and performance by examining the dynamic translanguaging
practices of a Chinese student in the UK on a widely-used social media platform, WeChat. Drawing on data from WeChat Moment posts,
chatting records, face-to-face interviews and online interviews over a period of 10 months, the study discusses identity
construction in a digital world with a particular focus on heterogeneity and fluidity. The main findings include the following two
points. First, the participant is the epitome of his world; he selects and manipulates linguistic and other semiotic resources
indicating his beliefs, attitudes and life trajectory, and he actively, creatively, critically and strategically uses resources
from his communicative repertoire to construct heterogeneous and fluid self-identities in his interactions with others. Second,
the participant actively creates a virtual translanguaging space on WeChat, within which his new and old identities and different
knowledge meet, integrate and fuse. The findings of this research provide detailed insights of digital translanguaging practices
of WeChat users and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of identity (re)construction and (re)formation of an increasing
number of overseas Chinese students.
From Hero to Superhero
Authors: Unceta Gómez Luis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper offers an analysis of the interpretative keys of the
character of the superhero in comic books, in comparison with those of the
hero of Classical Antiquity. It is not only that both characters come to
play similar functions in their respective fictional universes, but there is
also a genetic link between the latter and the former. And this relationship
is two-way, since this dependency determines the contemporary rewritings of
the ancient hero in comic books. Taking El héroe
(The Hero), by the Spanish scriptwriter David Rubín, as
a case study, this paper tries to exemplify that relationship, according to
which an ancient hero such as Hercules immediately evokes the typical
features of the superhero of comic book.
Horrible deaths, grotesque deaths
Authors: Bartolomé Gómez Jesús 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this essay is to analyze several instances of the
reversal of the hero’s glorious death, the critical moment of his/her
career. In order to achieve this goal, I have selected some of most
outstanding passages from Lucan’s Civil War, for instance
Sceva’s aristeia (6.138–262), and the episode of the
Asbyte’s death by the flavian epicist Silius Italicus
(Punica 2.189–210).
After having studied the resources employed by the Roman writers,
I compare them with the means of description of the grotesque deaths in the
TV series Spartacus (2010–2013), a product of mass culture
alien to the academic world. Both the similarities and the differences
raised by this comparison are relevant to understanding the meaning of this
kind of representation.
Pedagogical linguistics
Authors: Bardovi-Harlig Kathleen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe positive effects of instruction on the acquisition of second-language pragmatics has been well documented by numerous recent published studies (81 in the 10 years betweenRose, 2005, andBardovi-Harlig, 2015), but we have yet to see a corresponding increase in the teaching of pragmatics in second and foreign language classrooms or language textbooks. This article explores some of the potential causes for the lack of implementation of pragmatics instruction in second and foreign language classrooms (Skyes, 2013) and suggests means of overcoming such challenges. Pedagogical linguistics, in the form of pedagogical pragmatics, offers insight into meeting the challenges of limited theoretical support for curricular development, lack of authentic input in teaching materials, lack of instructor knowledge, and lack of reference books and pedagogical resources for teachers. The final challenge for pedagogical linguistics and pragmatics researchers is conveying relevant research findings to teachers; means for accomplishing this are discussed in the final section of the article.
Kazakh particle ğoj as an existential
operator
Authors: Christopher Nadezda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the Kazakh particle
ğoj, its syntactic distribution, pragmatic
contribution and semantics. Two syntactically distinct types of
ğoj are distinguished: a post-nominal copula-type
ğoj and a post-predicative particle
ğoj. The speaker using either particle in her
utterance indicates to her hearer that (some of) the information she
provides has been previously shared, or should be treated as such.
In post-predicative position, ğoj is never
obligatory and can follow any type of predicate – verbal or
nominal – as long as it is either narrowly focused, or is a part of
a wider focus phrase. Both types of ğoj contribute
similar pragmatic effects of contrastivity and givenness (or
pragmatic presupposition). Especially, the proposition
p followed by post-predicative
ğoj is assumed to belong to the Common Ground,
whether it had been explicitly added there during the preceding
exchange or not. Drawing on the comparison with Russian
že and Tundra Yukaghir particle
mə(r)=, it is shown that
ğoj should be treated as an existential
operator stating the existence of p inside of the
Common Ground.
From focus marking to illocutionary modification
Authors: Favaro Marco 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the polyfunctionality of
the Italian adverb solo ‘only’. Beside its
prototypical use as an exclusive focus particle, the adverb
solo has developed some secondary uses which
have not yet been investigated: connective uses (uses as a
conjunctional adverb and as a discourse marker) and illocutive uses
(use as an illocutionary operator tied to specific speech-act
types). By analyzing the different contexts of occurrence and
possible paths of semantic change, the meaning variation of
solo is described and a synchronic
categorization is laid out. Particular attention has been devoted to
its illocutive uses, the meaning of which displays a complex
interrelationship between features pertaining to the information
structure level (focus marking, common ground management) and
features connected to the speech-act domain (marking of the
illocutionary force and speech-act specification in an interpersonal
perspective).
Types and functions of wa-marked DPs and their
structural distribution in a Japanese sentence
Authors: Nakamura Koichiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the Japanese particle
wa. We argue that a Japanese sentence has a CP
peripheral structure, in which multiple wa-marked
phrases can sit. The left peripheral structure in CP territory
includes Topic Phrases (TopP) that host Thematic Topics (TT) in
sentence-initial positions or Contrastive Topics (CT) elsewhere.
These topics correspond to DPs marked with the particle
wa. We argue that a Japanese sentence can
involve multiple wa-marked phrases. In addition,
the left peripheral structure also involves one Focus Phrase (FocP),
the locus for Exhaustive Identificational-Focus (EI-Focus) elements.
This FocP is the slot for focally-stressed
WA-marked DPs. Our crucial point is that, unlike
wa-marked phrases, a Japanese sentence has only
one WA-marked phrase.
Is the information-structural contribution of modal particles in
the syntax, in discourse structure, or in both?
Authors: Waltereit Richard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, information structure belongs to
sentence structure, whereas discourse particles operate at the level
of discourse structure (Hansen
1998a). Modal particles, by contrast, belong to sentence
structure, too. They are also widely recognized as making a
significant contribution to information structure. At the same time,
a distinction between modal particles and discourse particles on
semantic or otherwise functional grounds is notoriously difficult
and controversial (Hansen
1998a; Waltereit
& Detges 2007). Recently, Ozerov (2015) has suggested that at least
some of what is traditionally thought of as information structure
need not, in fact, be encoded at the level of sentence grammar, but
may be more appropriately regarded as reflecting
discourse-structuring techniques. A re-examination of modal
particles would seem to be well-suited to make a contribution to
this debate, since it has long been recognized that modal particles
are sensitive to syntactic constraints (such as position and
sentence type) while having a discourse-related function. In this
paper, I will look at the French modal particle quand
même (Waltereit
2004). This particle, originally a concessive adverb
meaning, roughly, ‘nevertheless’, has come to develop, from the end
of the 19th century, two modal particle uses which can perhaps be
approximately described by the meaning ‘anyway’ with a
forward-looking and a backward-looking nuance, respectively,
alongside further discourse-level differences. This shows that modal
particles may encode, alongside sentence-level information
structure, also discourse-level information structure.
Modal particles in Basque
Authors: Monforte Sergio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The interaction between modal particles and
information structure has received no attention within Basque
linguistics. Although the standard behaviour of modal particles in
Basque shows, no connection with information structure, in this
article I present two dialectal uses only found in Eastern Basque
where the discourse particle ote interacts with
focus: on the one hand, ote, which can behave as a
weak adverb in these varieties, is only licensed when there is
narrow focus occupying the Focus Phrase. On the other hand, the
particle can attach wh-words creating a
configuration also found in languages such as German or Japanese as
will be discussed throughout the article; this combination seems to
attract emphasis for intensity cross-linguistically.
Conditional and residual trends of singular hot days in Europe
Authors: Jézéquel Aglaé , Bevacqua Emanuele , d’Andrea Fabio , Thao Soulivanh , Vautard Robert , Vrac Mathieu , Yiou Pascal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The influence of anthropogenic climate change on both mean and extremely hot temperatures in Europe has been demonstrated in a number of studies. There is a growing consensus that high temperature extremes have increased more rapidly than the regional mean in central Europe, while the difference between extreme and mean trends is not significant in other European regions. However, it is less clear how to quantify the changes in different processes leading to heat extremes. Extremely hot temperatures are associated to a large extent with specific types of atmospheric circulation. Here we investigate how the temperature associated with atmospheric patterns leading to extremely hot days in the present could evolve in the future. We propose a methodology to calculate conditional trends tailored to the circulation patterns of specific days by computing the evolution of the temperature for days with a similar circulation to the day of interest. We also introduce the concept of residual trends, which compare the conditional trends to regional mean temperature trends. We compute these trends for two case studies of the hottest days recorded in two different European regions (corresponding to the heat-waves of summer 2003 and 2010). We use the NCEP reanalysis dataset, an ensemble of CMIP5 models, and a large ensemble of a single coupled model (CESM), in order to account for different sources of uncertainty. We also evaluate how bias correction of climate simulations influences the results.
H1N1 influenza virus interaction with a porous layer of silicon nanowires
Authors: Gonchar Kirill A , Agafilushkina Svetlana N , Moiseev Daniil V , Bozhev Ivan V , Manykin Anatolij A , Kropotkina Ekaterina A , Gambaryan Alexandra S , Osminkina Liubov A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, the non-specific interaction of the H1N1 influenza virus with a porous layer of silicon nanowires (PSi NWs) was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM, respectively) and optical spectroscopy. PSi NW layer with a thickness of about 200 nm was fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching of p-type highly doped crystalline silicon wafers, and consist of porous nanowires with a diameter of 50–200 nm, and a distance between the nanowires of 100–200 nm. It was shown that during the adsorption of viruses, viral particles with a diameter of about 100 nm bind to the porous surface of the nanowires. This interaction was revealed using TEM, SEM, and causes wavelength shifts in the Fabry–Perot fringes in the reflection spectrum of visible light from the PSi NW layer. The results show that thin layers of PSi NWs are a promising nanomaterial for creating filters and sensors for binding and detection of viruses.
Casting for the Public Good: BAME Casting in British Film and Television in the 2010s
Authors: Geraghty Christine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines changes in casting practices which have begun to put black, Asian, and minority ethnic actors more regularly on British screens and in more significant parts. In the context of calls for improving BAME involvement at all levels of the film and television industry, I look in particular at how colour-blind casting has begun to have an impact on British cinema. The article looks initially at how calls for the campaign for changes entwine with the British tradition of public service broadcasting and examines the socially conscious criteria for casting introduced by the BBC and the BFI in 2016. I suggest that some of the ambiguous expectations of audiences in relation to colour-blind casting are similar to the potentially contradictory aspirations placed on institutions which receive public funding. In order to examine these issues in some detail, I draw on textual and paratextual analysis to demonstrate how frames of reference for understanding new approaches to casting can be found in recent period adaptations, a British genre strongly associated with whiteness by actors and critics. The examples discussed span the decade: Wuthering Heights (Arnold, 2011), Lady Macbeth (Oldroyd, 2016), and Mary Queen of Scots (Rourke, 2018). The analysis demonstrates that while casting for the public good is becoming more common it nevertheless remains a complicated and controversial strategy.
Developmental and molecular characterization of novel staminodes in Aquilegia
Authors: Meaders Clara , Min Ya , Freedberg Katherine J , Kramer Elena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe ranunculid model system Aquilegia is notable for the presence of a fifth type of floral organ, the staminode, which appears to be the result of sterilization and modification of the two innermost whorls of stamens. Previous studies have found that the genetic basis for the identity of this new organ is the result of sub- and neofunctionalization of floral organ identity gene paralogues; however, we do not know the extent of developmental and molecular divergence between stamens and staminodes.MethodsWe used histological techniques to describe the development of the Aquilegia coerulea ‘Origami’ staminode relative to the stamen filament. These results have been compared with four other Aquilegia species and the closely related genera Urophysa and Semiaquilegia. As a complement, RNA sequencing has been conducted at two developmental stages to investigate the molecular divergence of the stamen filaments and staminodes in A. coerulea ‘Origami’.Key ResultsOur developmental study has revealed novel features of staminode development, most notably a physical interaction along the lateral margin of adjacent organs that appears to mediate their adhesion. In addition, patterns of abaxial/adaxial differentiation are observed in staminodes but not stamen filaments, including asymmetric lignification of the adaxial epidermis in the staminodes. The comparative transcriptomics are consistent with the observed lignification of staminodes and indicate that stamen filaments are radialized due to overexpression of adaxial identity, while the staminodes are expanded due to the balanced presence of abaxial identity.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a model in which the novel staminode identity programme interacts with the abaxial/adaxial identity pathways to produce two whorls of laterally expanded organs that are highly differentiated along their abaxial/adaxial axis. While the ecological function of Aquilegia staminodes remains to be determined, these data are consistent with a role in protecting the early carpels from herbivory and/or pathogens.
Prevention of Umbilical Sagging After Medium Definition Liposuction
Authors: Borille Giuliano , Neves Patrícia M A , Filho Gustavo P , Kim Roy , Miotto Gabriele 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The loss of the umbilical vertical axis, causing a horizontal shape deformity after liposuction, is a current aesthetic issue. The use of energy devices, such as LASER and VASER, has been advocated as an option for improving skin retraction, but no data are available on the prevention of umbilical sagging.

Objectives
The authors sought to describe a technique for preventing umbilical deformities after medium definition liposuction employing suction-assisted liposuction.

Methods
Over a period of 31 months, 62 patients underwent medium definition liposuction with direct needle fixation of the umbilical stalk to prevent horizontal umbilical deformities. All patients underwent surgery performed by a single surgeon (G.B.). All patients underwent objective measurements of the umbilical shape before and after the procedure utilizing digital image measurements by Mirror Image software, version 6.0 (Fairfield, NJ). Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics V26. The mean age of the patients was 28.8 years. The follow-up evaluation was performed 2 weeks and 9 months postoperatively.

Results
Over a period of 31 months, 60 patients (96.7%) who underwent abdominal etching liposuction showed maintenance of (n = 9, 14.5%) or improvements in the umbilical shape 9 months postoperatively (n = 51, 82.2%, P &lt; 0.05). Two patients (3.2%) experienced worsening of the umbilical shape after surgery despite suture fixation.

Conclusions
Horizontal shape deformities of the umbilicus after liposuction can be improved by utilizing direct needle fixation of the umbilical stalk. The approach has been shown to be effective, safe, and reproducible for the prevention of umbilical sagging in selected patients.

Level of Evidence: 4
Immune cell infiltration-based signature for prognosis and immunogenomic analysis in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Shiyuan , Zhang Qi , Yu Chunlu , Cao Yiyin , Zuo Yongchun , Yang Lei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most human malignant diseases and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. However, the prognostic and therapeutic benefits of breast cancer patients cannot be predicted accurately by the current stratifying system. In this study, an immune-related prognostic score was established in 22 breast cancer cohorts with a total of 6415 samples. An extensive immunogenomic analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between immune score, prognostic significance, infiltrating immune cells, cancer genotypes and potential immune escape mechanisms. Our analysis revealed that this immune score was a promising biomarker for estimating overall survival in breast cancer. This immune score was associated with important immunophenotypic factors, such as immune escape and mutation load. Further analysis revealed that patients with high immune scores exhibited therapeutic benefits from chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Based on these results, we can conclude that this immune score may be a useful tool for overall survival prediction and treatment guidance for patients with breast cancer.