bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Densitometric and UPLC Methods for the Determination of Paracetamol and Metoclopramide HCL
Authors: Mahmoud Azza Abdel-Nasir , Rashed Noha Salem , Fouad Manal Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

Two simple, accurate and precise methods were presented for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of paracetamol and metoclopramide hydrochloride. The first is based on TLC separation of the two drugs, followed by densitometric measurement at 274 nm using a developing system composed of dichloromethane - methanol - conc. ammonia (8:2:0.05 by volume). The second method is based on UPLC separation of the cited drugs at 230 nm using C18 column and a mobile phase of 0.1% ortho-phosphoric acid (PH 3.5) – acetonitrile (70: 30, v/v). Regression analysis of Beer’s plots showed good correlations (r = 0.9996 - 0.9998) over concentration ranges of 1.5 – 15 and 0.1-0.6 μg/spot or 5-25 and 0.25 – 1.5 μg mL-l for paracetamol and metoclopramide HCL using the two suggested methods, respectively. The proposed methods were also successfully applied to analyze both drugs in their pharmaceutical formulation; Migracid® tablets with mean recoveries ranging from 99.03 to 101.1%. The results obtained were validated as per ICH guidelines and statistically analyzed and found to be in accordance with those given by a reported method.
Secondary Traits for Maize (Zea mays L.) Tolerance to Drought Combined with Reduced N Fertilization Rate
Authors: Naggar A. M. M. Al- , Shafik M. M. , Musa R. Y. M. 
Published: July 2020

The secondary trait for a given abiotic stress tolerance, should be of strong correlation (r) with grain yield, high heritability (h2b) and high genetic advance (GA) under stressed conditions. The main objective of the present investigation was to identify secondary trait(s) for drought and/or low-N tolerance in maize genotypes. A two-year experiment was conducted, using a split-split-plot design. Main plots were allotted to two irrigation regimes, i.e. well watering (WW) and water stress at flowering (WS), sub-plots to three N fertilizer rates, i.e. low (LN), medium (MN) and high (HN) and sub-sub-plots to nineteen maize genotypes. Analysis of variance of randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) was also performed under each of the six environments (WW-HM, WW-MN, WW-LN, WS-HN, WS-MN and WS-LN). Tolerance to drought and/or low-N was strongly correlated with grain yield/plant (GYPP) under stressed environments. GYPP had high (h2b) and (GA); thus it is considered the best indicator of drought, low N or both stresses tolerance. The best secondary traits are high 100-kernel weight (100-KW), ears/plant (EPP), kernels/row (KPR), and short anthesis-silking interval (ASI) for low-N tolerance, high EPP, 100-KW, plant height (PH) and short ASI for drought tolerance, high 100-KW, EPP, KPR, PH and short ASI, for tolerance to drought combined with low N, and high 100-KW, rows/ear (RPE) and KPR under optimum conditions (WW-HN), since they show high (r), high (h2b) and high (GA) estimates under the respective environments. Under low-N and/or drought, future research should focus on the incorporation of secondary traits such as EPP, KPR, 100-KW, PH, ASI in the selection programs along with the grain yield trait.
Detached housing utilized as shared houses: establishment process and living style – case study in Yamaguchi Prefecture
Authors: Ohba Tomoko , Nakazono Mahito , Ushijima Akira , Mishima Sachiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the habitation history and building repair history of wooden private houses in Yamaguchi Prefecture, and the circumstances that result in their repurposing as shared houses are investigated. Simultaneously, the nature of the repair work is grasped, and the features of the lifestyles of the tenants and space evaluation are explained by habitation condition analysis of youth single households with observational research. As the examples have space conditions suitable for their use as shared houses and repairs are performed by the manager, they can be repurposed as shared houses with low rents. The degree of satisfaction of the tenant's shared habitation is high; therefore these wooden private houses are model examples that demonstrate the possible practical use of wooden private houses as shared houses.
Images of a First‐Order Spin‐Reorientation Phase Transition in a Metallic Kagome Ferromagnet
Authors: Heritage Kevin , Bryant Ben , Fenner Laura A. , Wills Andrew S. , Aeppli Gabriel , Soh Yeong‐Ah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFirst‐order phase transitions, where one phase replaces another by virtue of a simple crossing of free energies, are best known between solids, liquids, and vapors, but they also occur in a wide range of other contexts, including even elemental magnets. The key challenges are to establish whether a phase transition is indeed first order, and then to determine how the new phase emerges because this will determine thermodynamic and electronic properties. Here it is shown that both challenges are met for the spin reorientation transition in the topological metallic ferromagnet Fe3Sn2. The magnetometry and variable temperature magnetic force microscopy experiments reveal that, analogous to the liquid–gas transition in the temperature–pressure plane, this transition is centered on a first‐order line terminating in a critical end point in the field‐temperature plane. The nucleation and growth associated with the transition is directly imaged, indicating that the new phase emerges at the most convoluted magnetic domain walls for the high temperature phase and then moves to self‐organize at the domain centers of the high temperature phase. The dense domain patterns and phase coexistence imply a complex inhomogenous electronic structure, which can yield anomalous contributions to the electrical conductivity.
Unveiling the Correlation between the Crystalline Structure of M‐Filled CoSb3 (M = Y, K, Sr) Skutterudites and Their Thermoelectric Transport Properties
Authors: Gainza Javier , Serrano‐Sánchez Federico , Rodrigues João E. , Prado‐Gonjal Jesús , Nemes Norbert M. , Biskup Neven , Dura Oscar J. , Martínez José L. , Fauth François , Alonso José A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSkutterudite‐type pnictides based on CoSb3 are promising semiconductor materials for thermoelectric applications. An exhaustive structural characterization by synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction of different M‐filled CoSb3 (M = Y, K, Sr, La, Ce, Yb) skutterudites, with a panoply of M atoms with very different chemical nature, allows to better understand the effects of filling from a crystallo‐chemical point of view. These analyses focus on the correlation of chemical and structural features with the enhanced thermoelectric properties displayed by certain families of filled‐CoSb3 skutterudites. These are mainly determined by Sb positional parameters, yielding Oftedal plots that depend on the filling fraction, ionic state, and atomic radius of the filler. Together with the distortion of [Sb4] rings and [CoSb6] octahedra present in the skutterudite structure, these results are linked to the band‐convergence concept and its influence on the thermoelectric transport properties. Here, the structural changes observed in the different chemical compositions are relevant to understand the improved thermoelectric performance of single partially filled n‐type skutterudites.
Perovskite Photosensors Integrated with Silver Resonant‐Cavity Color Filters Display Color Perception Beyond That of the Human Eye
Authors: Lu Jong‐Hong , Cheng Ming‐Tsang , Hsu Hsiang‐Lin , Liu Shun‐Wei , Chen Chih‐Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic hybrid perovskite‐based photosensors generally display high responsivities and ultrafast response speeds, but their high dark currents with low detectivities have impeded their commercial applications. In this study, these problems are overcome by modifying the device structure and performing defect passivation of the perovskite. An inverted ITO/NiOx/perovskite/PCBM/BCP/Ag structure is applied to minimize the leakage current from the interlayers. In addition, a urea additive is embedded and the thickness of the perovskite layer is optimized, resulting in an ultralow dark current (<2 pA), a peak detectivity of greater than 1.42 × 1014 Jones, and a high linear dynamic range (LDR) of up to 162 dB (in the response range from 20.25 to 6.80 × 10‐8 mW cm‐2). Using high‐purity color filters, combined with a well‐defined white light illumination system derived from a 3A solar simulator, the photosensitivity is evaluated under light of various hues and intensities (down to 10‐9 mW cm‐2). The optimized color sensors under blue, green, orange, and red hues of light display LDRs of greater than 139 dB in the mesopic vision regime (wavelengths: 400–700 nm) between 10‐6 and 10‐3 mW cm‐2—outperforming human visual color perception.
Flexible 3D Porous MoS2/CNTs Architectures with ZT of 0.17 at Room Temperature for Wearable Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Li Jiahui , Shi Qiuwei , Röhr Jason A , Wu Hao , Wu Bo , Guo Yang , Zhang Qinghong , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping materials that possess high electrical conductivities (σ) and Seebeck coefficients (S), low thermal conductivities (κ), and excellent mechanical properties is important to realize practical thermoelectric (TE) devices. Here, 3D hierarchical architectures consisting of hybrid molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) films are fabricated with the goal of increasing σ and decreasing κ. In these films, perpendicularly orientated CNTs interpenetrate restacked MoS2 layers to form a 3D architecture, which increases the specific surface area and charge concentration. The MoS2/20 wt% CNTs film shows high σ (235 ± 5 S∙cm−1), high S (68 ± 2 µV∙K−1), and low κ (19 ± 2 mW∙m−1∙K−1). The corresponding figure of merit (ZT) reaches 0.17 at room temperature, which is 65 times higher than that of pure MoS2 film. In addition, the MoS2/20 wt% CNTs film shows a tensile stress of 38.9 MPa, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of a control MoS2 film. Using the MoS2/CNTs film as an active material and human body as a heat source, a flexible, wearable TE wristband is fabricated by weaving seven strips of the 3D porous MoS2/CNTs film. The wristband achieves an output voltage of 2.9 mV and corresponding power output of 0.22 µW at a temperature gradient of about 5 K.
Positioning MXenes in the Photocatalysis Landscape: Competitiveness, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMXenes are becoming a worthy contender for boosting the efficacy of semiconductor photocatalysts because of their rich surface and electronic properties, which is exemplified to be a dynamic yet open‐ended exploration of the materials space. Herein, the promise that MXenes hold for photocatalytic applications is elucidated by presenting the various roles of MXenes in the preparation of composite photocatalysts and enhancing their activity and stability. A specific focus is put on the key issues that should be taken into account when utilizing the specific function of MXenes and the strategies to deliver the great potential of MXenes into better play. The discussion is based on different aspects closely related to the flexible surface and electronic features of MXenes, including their morphology control, stability issue, and electronic structure mutability with the purpose to present an objective and comprehensive scenario of MXenes for photocatalysis. Finally, some noteworthy research directions for the future development of MXenes‐based photocatalytic systems are outlined and prospected. This review is expected to provide a useful scaffold for the rational design and synthesis of efficient and stable MXenes‐based photocatalysts by objectively understanding and taming the functional vitality of MXenes.
Electrolytes Enriched by Crown Ethers for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Huaping , He Jian , Liu Jiandong , Qi Shihan , Wu Mingguang , Wen Jie , Chen Yanan , Feng Yuezhan , Ma Jianmin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal battery is considered the most promising next‐generation battery due to its low potential and high theoretical capacity. However, Li dendrite growth causes serious safety problems. Herein, the 15‐Crown‐5 (15‐C‐5) is reported as an electrolyte additive based on solvation shell regulation. The strong complex effect between Li+ ion and 15‐C‐5 can reduce the concentration of Li ions on the electrode surface, thus changing the nucleation, and repressing the growth of Li dendrites in the plating process. Significantly, the strong coordination of Li+/15‐C‐5 would be able to make them aggregate around the Li crystal surface, which could form a protective layer and favor the formation of a smooth and dense solid electrolyte interphase with high toughness and Li+ ion conductivity. Therefore, the electrolyte system with 2.0 wt% 15‐C‐5 achieves excellent electrochemical performance with 170 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2 with capacity of 0.5 mA h cm−2 in symmetric Li|Li cells. The obviously enhanced cycle and rate performance are also achieved in Li|LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) full cells. The 15‐C‐5 demonstrates to be a promising additive for the electrolytes toward safe and efficient Li metal batteries.
A Universal Strategy for Tough Adhesion of Wet Soft Material
Authors: Gao Yang , Chen Jiaojiao , Han Xiuyuan , Pan Yudong , Wang Peiyao , Wang Tiejun , Lu Tongqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAchieving adhesion between hydrogels and diverse materials in a facile and universal way is challenging. Existing methods rely on special chemical or physical properties of the hydrogel and adherends, which lead to limited applicability and complicated pretreatments. A stitch‐bonding strategy is proposed here by introducing a polymer chain with versatile functional group and triggerable crosslinking property inspired by catechol chemistry. The polymer chain can stitch the hydrogel by forming a network in topological entanglement with the preexisting hydrogel network, and directly bond to the adherend surface by versatile chemical interactions. Through this, the polymer chain solution works as a universal glue for facile adhesion of hydrogels to diverse substrates like metals, glasses, elastomers, plastics, and living tissues, without requiring any chemical design or pretreatment for the hydrogel and adherends. The adhesion energy between polyacrylamide hydrogel and diverse substrates can reach 200–400 J m−2, and it can reach ≈900 J m−2 with a toughened polyacrylic acid polyacrylamide hydrogel. The mechanism of stitch‐bonding strategy is illustrated by studying various influence factors.
A Na3V2(PO4)2O1.6F1.4 Cathode of Zn‐Ion Battery Enabled by a Water‐in‐Bisalt Electrolyte
Authors: Ni Qiao , Jiang Heng , Sandstrom Sean , Bai Ying , Ren Haixia , Wu Xianyong , Guo Qiubo , Yu Dongxu , Wu Chuan , Ji Xiulei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries are receiving increasing attention; however, the development of high‐voltage cathodes is limited by the narrow voltage window of conventional aqueous electrolytes. Herein, it is reported that Na3V2(PO4)2O1.6F1.4 exhibits the excellent performance, optimal to date, among polyanion cathode materials in a novel neutral water‐in‐bisalts electrolyte of 25 m ZnCl2 + 5 m NH4Cl. It delivers a reversible capacity of 155 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, a high average operating potential of ≈1.46 V, and stable cyclability of 7000 cycles at 2 A g−1.
Enabling Superior Sodium Capture for Efficient Water Desalination by a Tubular Polyaniline Decorated with Prussian Blue Nanocrystals
Authors: Shi Wenhui , Liu Xiaoyue , Deng Tianqi , Huang Shaozhuan , Ding Meng , Miao Xiaohe , Zhu Chongzhi , Zhu Yihan , Liu Wenxian , Wu Fangfang , Gao Congjie , Yang Shuo‐Wang , Yang Hui Ying , Shen Jiangnan , Cao Xiehong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe application of electrochemical energy storage materials to capacitive deionization (CDI), a low‐cost and energy‐efficient technology for brackish water desalination, has recently been proven effective in solving problems of traditional CDI electrodes, i.e., low desalination capacity and incompatibility in high salinity water. However, Faradaic electrode materials suffer from slow salt removal rate and short lifetime, which restrict their practical usage. Herein, a simple strategy is demonstrated for a novel tubular‐structured electrode, i.e., polyaniline (PANI)‐tube‐decorated with Prussian blue (PB) nanocrystals (PB/PANI composite). This composite successfully combines characteristics of two traditional Faradaic materials, and achieves high performance for CDI. Benefiting from unique structure and rationally designed composition, the obtained PB/PANI exhibits superior performance with a large desalination capacity (133.3 mg g−1 at 100 mA g−1), and ultrahigh salt‐removal rate (0.49 mg g−1 s−1 at 2 A g−1). The synergistic effect, interfacial enhancement, and desalination mechanism of PB/PANI are also revealed through in situ characterization and theoretical calculations. Particularly, a concept for recovery of the energy applied to CDI process is demonstrated. This work provides a facile strategy for design of PB‐based composites, which motivates the development of advanced materials toward high‐performance CDI applications.
Lubrication Mechanism of Phosphonium Phosphate Ionic Liquid in Nanoscale Single‐Asperity Sliding Contacts
Authors: Li Zixuan , Dolocan Andrei , Morales‐Collazo Oscar , Sadowski Jerzy T. , Celio Hugo , Chrostowski Robert , Brennecke Joan F. , Mangolini Filippo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile phosphonium phosphate ionic liquids (ILs) have been evaluated as additives for engine oils owing to their excellent physico‐chemical properties, miscibility with hydrocarbon fluids, and promising tribological properties, their lubrication mechanism is still not established. Here, atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanotribological experiments are performed using diamond‐like carbon‐coated silicon tips sliding on air‐oxidized steel in neat trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphate IL. The AFM results indicate a reduction in friction only after the removal of the native oxide layer from steel. Laterally resolved analyses of the steel surface chemistry reveal a higher concentration of bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphate ions adsorbed on regions where the native oxide is mechanically removed together with a change in surface electrostatic potential. These surface modifications are proposed to be induced by a change in adsorption configuration of bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphate anions on metallic iron compared to their configuration on iron oxide together with a reduction of surface roughness, which lead to the formation of a densely packed, lubricious boundary layer only on metallic iron.
Droplets on Soft Surfaces Exhibit a Reluctance to Coalesce due to an Intervening Wetting Ridge
Authors: Roy Rishav , Seiler Robert L. , Weibel Justin A. , Garimella Suresh V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicroscale interactions with deformable substrates are of fundamental interest for studying self‐assembly processes and the mobility of cells on soft surfaces, with applications in traction force microscopy. The behavior of microscale water droplets on a soft polymer substrate is investigated. Droplets formed by condensation on the soft substrate are reluctant to coalesce, which leads to coverage of the surface with clusters of droplets assembled in a honeycomb‐like pattern. Cryogenically fixed in this state, scanning electron microscopy of these droplets reveals the presence of an intervening wetting ridge of the polymer that acts as a barrier between neighboring droplets and prevents coalescence. A linear elastic deformation model is developed to predict this surface profile and corroborate the observed behavior.
Thermal and pH Sensitive Composite Membrane for On‐Demand Drug Delivery by Applying an Alternating Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Ya , Boero Giovanni , Zhang Xiaosheng , Brugger Juergen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImplantable drug delivery systems that can realize a scheduled drug release according to the needs of patients would be highly beneficial for the treatment of chronic diseases and cancer. Here, micrometer‐sized hydrogel particles with both thermal and pH sensitivities are fabricated for the first time and embedded with magnetic nanoparticles in silk fibroin to generate a composite membrane. The permeability of the membrane is adjustable reversibly by temperature and pH. Promptly responded drug release within 1 min by applying an alternating magnetic field is demonstrated with the membrane. The on/off switching of an alternating magnetic field (16 mT, 111 kHz) induces heat generation by the magnetic nanoparticles resulting in a reversible change of the membrane permeability due to the shrinking/swelling of the microgels. A control over two orders of magnitude of the release rate (0.01–5.0 µg min−1) of Rhodamine B (Rh.B) model drug is achieved by tuning the content of microgels and magnetic nanoparticles, as well as the thickness of the membrane. Additionally, an increase in the release rate of Rh.B in acidic condition with respect to the physiological pH value is demonstrated. This represents an additional functionality of the implantable membrane with relevant features for spatially selective cancer treatment.
Solution‐Grown Large‐Sized Single‐Crystalline 2D/3D Perovskite Heterostructure for Self‐Powered Photodetection
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Ji Chengmin , Liu Xitao , Wang Sasa , Li Lina , Peng Yu , Yao Yunpeng , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite heterostructures, particularly 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures, have enjoyed great success in optoelectronic field. However, the photodetection performance of those heterostructures is obscured by extensive disorder in their polycrystalline films. Here, a delicate solution method is demonstrated for creating a sizable crystal of vertical 2D/3D perovskite heterostructure featuring a well‐defined interface and high single‐crystalline quality, namely (4‐AMP)(MA)2Pb3Br10/MAPbBr3 (MA, methylammonium; 4‐AMP, 4‐(aminomethyl)piperidinium). These high‐quality crystals are ideal mediums for charge transport and exploiting their optoelectronic properties. Electrical transport measurements demonstrate that the (4‐AMP)(MA)2Pb3Br10/MAPbBr3 heterostructure can form vertical diode with obvious current rectification behavior and excellent photocurrent generation characteristics. Strikingly, benefitting from the built‐in electrical potential at the junction, photodetectors based on those millimeter‐thickness heterostructure crystals exhibit high performance in self‐driven operation mode, including large on/off switching radio (≈105), fast response time (600/600 µs), and high detectivity (≈1012). This work enables an important advance in the development of single‐crystalline perovskite heterostructures for both fundamental demonstrations and high‐performance optoelectronic devices.