bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐center study of endoscopic revision after side‐by‐side metal stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Naitoh Itaru , Suzuki Yuta , Okumura Fumihiro , Haneda Kenichi , Kitano Rena , Yoshida Michihiro , Hayashi Kazuki , Yoneda Masashi 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe recent development of ultra‐thin delivery systems, which enable simultaneous insertion of two metal stents, has encouraged wider adoption of side‐by‐side (SBS) stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). However, the management of stent occlusion after SBS placement has not been well‐characterized. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of endoscopic reintervention (E‐RI) after SBS placement in patients with MHBO.MethodsSixty‐seven patients who underwent E‐RI for stent occlusion after SBS placement between 2013 and 2020 at three tertiary‐care referral centers were investigated. We evaluated the technical success, clinical success, recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), and adverse events other than RBO rates associated with E‐RI. Furthermore, the factors associated with successful E‐RI were also evaluated.ResultsThe technical success and clinical success rates were 79.1% (53/67) and 76.1% (51/67), respectively. Early adverse events other than RBO occurred in 4.5% (3/67) and late events in 3.9% (2/51). The RBO rate after E‐RI was 52.9% (27/51), and the median time to RBO after E‐RI was 85 days. Common bile duct (CBD) diameter (odds ratio 2.62; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–5.01; P = 0.003) and metastatic disease (odds ratio, 0.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.64; P = 0.015) were independently correlated with E‐RI success in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that E‐RI after SBS placement is technically feasible and safe, but the success rate was significantly lower in patients with narrow CBDs and metastatic diseases. These factors may be useful for the selection of the initial stenting method.
Development of a hypoglycaemia risk score to identify high‐risk individuals with advanced type 2 diabetes in DEVOTE
Authors: Heller Simon , Lingvay Ildiko , Marso Steven P. , Philis‐Tsimikas Athena , Pieber Thomas R. , Poulter Neil R. , Pratley Richard E. , Hachmann‐Nielsen Elise , Kvist Kajsa , Lange Martin , Moses Alan C. , Trock Andresen Marie , Buse John B. ,   DEVOTE Study Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe ability to differentiate patient populations with type 2 diabetes at high risk of severe hypoglycaemia could impact clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to develop a risk score, using patient characteristics, that could differentiate between populations with higher and lower 2‐year risk of severe hypoglycaemia among individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Materials and methodsTwo models were developed for the risk score based on data from the DEVOTE cardiovascular outcomes trials. The first, a data‐driven machine‐learning model, used stepwise regression with bidirectional elimination to identify risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia. The second, a risk score based on known clinical risk factors accessible in clinical practice identified from the data‐driven model, included: insulin treatment regimen; diabetes duration; sex; age; and glycated haemoglobin, all at baseline. Both the data‐driven model and simple risk score were evaluated for discrimination, calibration and generalizability using data from DEVOTE, and were validated against the external LEADER cardiovascular outcomes trial dataset.ResultsBoth the data‐driven model and the simple risk score discriminated between patients at higher and lower hypoglycaemia risk, and performed similarly well based on the time‐dependent area under the curve index (0.63 and 0.66, respectively) over a 2‐year time horizon.ConclusionsBoth the data‐driven model and the simple hypoglycaemia risk score were able to discriminate between patients at higher and lower risk of severe hypoglycaemia, the latter doing so using easily accessible clinical data. The implementation of such a tool (http://www.hyporiskscore.com/) may facilitate improved recognition of, and education about, severe hypoglycaemia risk, potentially improving patient care.
OLFM4 polymorphisms predict septic shock survival after major surgery
Authors: Pérez‐García Felipe , Resino Salvador , Gómez‐Sánchez Esther , Gonzalo‐Benito Hugo , Fernández‐Rodríguez Amanda , Lorenzo‐López Mario , Heredia‐Rodríguez María , Gómez‐Pesquera Estefanía , Tamayo Eduardo , Jiménez‐Sousa Maria Ángeles ,   Group of Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine (BioCritic)
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigher expression of olfactomedin‐4 (OLFM4), a gene regulated by nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), has been related to a higher risk of organ failure and death in patients with septic shock. We aimed to evaluate the association between OLFM4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and septic shock‐related death in 175 patients who underwent major surgery, as well as its performance in predicting mortality.Materials and methodsWe carried out a retrospective study. A total of seven OLFM4 SNPs were genotyped by Agena Bioscience's MassARRAY platform. Statistical analysis was performed by Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression tests. The diagnostic performance for predicting septic shock‐related death was evaluated by the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (AUROC) curve.ResultsPatients with rs17552047 A allele and rs1891944 TT genotype had higher survival than patients with rs17552047 G allele (P‐value = .024) and patients with rs1891944 CC/CT genotype (P‐value = .038). However, only rs17552047 was associated with a lower risk of death under an additive inheritance model (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.27‐0.71). The multivariate model with the most significant clinical variables (lactate, chronic kidney disease, peritonitis, heart disease and elective surgery) showed an AUROC of 0.776 for predicting septic shock‐related death. When we added the OLFM4 rs17552047 SNP to the previous model, the AUROC was 0.811 and was close to reaching significant differences with the previous model (P‐value = .065).ConclusionOLFM4 rs17552047 A allele predicts septic shock survival in patients who underwent major surgery. Furthermore, rs17552047, together with clinical variables, could be useful to predict the outcome of septic shock.
Data breaches and corporate liquidity management
Authors: Boasiako Kwabena A. , Keefe Michael O'Connor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of data breach disclosure laws and the subsequent disclosure of data breaches on the cash policies of corporations in the United States. Exploiting a series of natural experiments regarding staggered state‐level data breach disclosure laws, we find that the passage of mandatory disclosure laws leads to an increase in cash holdings. Our finding suggests that mandatory data breach disclosure laws increase the risks related to data breaches. Further, we find firms that suffer data breaches adjust their financial policies by holding more cash as well as decreasing external finance and investment.
Do governments keep their promises? An analysis of speeches from the throne
Authors: Kennedy John , Alcantara Christopher , A Armstrong David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolitical parties regularly make promises to the public about what they hope to accomplish if and when they are elected to office. Once in office, the winning party, usually via the executive branch, announces its agenda by delivering a “speech from the throne” or a “state of the union/nation” address in the legislature. To what extent are governments able to fulfill the promises they make in these speeches? To answer this question, we investigate the impact of three structural constraints on promise fulfillment over time—procedural (e.g., majority vs. minority configurations); informational (e.g., new vs. incumbent governments); and economic (economic recession)—using an original dataset drawn from Canadian speeches from the throne between 1962 and 2013. Our findings, which both challenge and confirm the findings of existing literature on promise fulfillment, suggest that only procedural and economic constraints matter.
Prevalence of Headache Attributed to Airplane Travel Among Medical Students in Brazil
Authors: Lima Guilherme Antonio Morais , Vasconcelos Júnior Francisco Clezion Franca , Morais Isadora Maria de Almeida , Cruz Víctor Trindade , Krymchantowski Ana Gabriela , Jevoux Carla , Krymchantowski Abouch , Silva‐Néto Raimundo Pereira 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHeadache attributed to airplane travel is a rare form of headache that develops exclusively during airplane travel. It is characterized by occurring during takeoff, landing, or both, and improves spontaneously within 30 minutes after the ascent or descent of the airplane is completed.ObjectivesOur objectives were to determine the prevalence of headache attributed to airplane travel among medical students who traveled by plane, the time of flight when it occurred, and the emotional state of passengers on new trips.MethodsThe study was prospective, cross‐sectional, using a non‐random sample of medical students who traveled by plane. In total, 155 passengers who traveled by plane on at least 3 flights, regardless of duration were interviewed.ResultsHeadache during flight occurred 3 or more times in 7.5% (80/1070) of the trips and 14.2% (22/155) of the passengers, especially during takeoff or landing (17/22; 77.3%), having a stabbing character and lasting less than 30 minutes. The headache improved spontaneously at the end of the landing phase (17/22; 77.3%). When traveling again, 68.2% (15/22) of passengers traveled normally, despite previous painful experience.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that headache attributed to airplane travel is not as rare as previously thought, being predominant during takeoff or landing. In addition, despite the bothersome feeling, most passengers who experienced this headache traveled normally, despite previous painful experience.
Voluntary simplicity: A literature review and research agenda
Authors: Rebouças Raquel , Soares Ana Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVoluntary simplicity (VS) is a lifestyle focused on seeking a simple life by reducing consumption and other practices. This systematic literature review aims to analyse and critically discuss the state of the art of VS. This review provides a categorization scheme of VS and analyses: the number of studies and year of publication; journals, number of citations and research areas; study location; VS definitions; types of studies; and research methods. By providing a map of existing research, the paper contributes to the clarification of the VS construct and to the assessment, synthesis and identification of research gaps, and opportunities for further research. VS implications for theory, practice and policy are discussed within the context of consumption/anti‐consumption.
Ease of use, feasibility and inter‐rater reliability of the refined Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia (CUED) mealtime video‐coding scheme
Authors: Liu Wen , Batchelor Melissa , Williams Kristine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo refine the Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia mealtime video‐coding scheme and examine its ease of use, feasibility, and inter‐rater reliability in assessing the food intake process and dyadic verbal and nonverbal interactions.DesignThis study was a secondary analysis of 110 videotaped observations of mealtime interactions collected under usual care conditions from a dementia communication trial during 2011–2014.MethodsThe videos involved 29 staff and 25 residents with dementia (42 unique staff‐resident dyads) in nine nursing homes. Data coding and analysis were performed in 2018–2019. Logs of coding challenges with matched solutions and coding time were collected. Inter‐rater reliability was examined through rating of randomly selected 22 videos across four trained coders.ResultsIt took a mean of 10.81 hr to code a one‐hour video using the refined coding scheme. Coding challenges, including identification of key intake process characteristics and differentiation of similar verbal or nonverbal behaviours, were identified with appropriate solutions. The refined coding scheme had good inter‐rater reliability (Cohen's Kappa range = 0.93 – 0.99, 95% CI = 0.92 – 0.99).ConclusionFindings supported preliminary evidence on feasibility, usability and inter‐rater reliability of the refined coding scheme. Future psychometric testing is needed in diverse populations with dementia across different care settings.ImpactExisting tools assessing the food intake process and dyadic interactions are few and have limited feasibility and/or reliability and fail to capture the complexity and dynamics of mealtime care. The refined coding scheme showed preliminary feasibility, usability, and inter‐rater reliability. In consideration of the balance between time intensity and the richness of data obtained, the tool may be appropriate and useful in addressing certain research inquires (e.g., characterizing and clustering dyadic behaviours, temporal relationship between behaviours and intake) pertaining older adults with or without dementia and their formal or informal caregivers.
Detection of factors influencing circadian rhythms on Intensive Care inpatients and hospitalization: Protocol for an observational study
Authors: Padilla‐Martínez Julia M. , Abad‐Corpa Eva , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , Casado‐Ramírez Elvira , Rol‐de Lama María A. , Madrid‐Pérez Juan A. , Moreno‐Casbas María T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsIdentify the prevalence of circadian health disorders in ICU and hospitalized patients. Stablish the relationship of the circadian system with light, temperature, noise and nursing activities.BackgroundCommonly, self‐assessment through subjective questionnaires is used for research about sleep quality. However, more reliable and valid measures should be applied objectively to find out the real prevalence of the problem. There is a negative relationship between circadian rhythms and hospitalization. In this study, we will analyse sleep patterns and hospital environments to implement measures to improve the quality of care related to sleep.DesignDescriptive observational study. It is estimated that 975 patients from 13 hospitals need to be recruited from ICU and hospitalization units. The sample should meet the following criteria: Patients over 18 admitted to ICU and medical units, length of stay between 96–148 hr, with no visual, hearing or moderate‐severe cognitive impairment. Variables: Sleep variables are collected with an electronic device (named Kronowise® and Kronobed®), circadian and infrared light exposure, environmental noise, temperature, unit structural characteristics, nursing care (from 0 to 6 a.m.) and, characteristics of hospitalization period. The study, registered on Clinical Trials, initiated in December 2019 and it will continue up to December 2022.DiscussionUsing objective and subjective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, this study will shed light on the factors that negatively affect the hospitalized patients’ sleep quality and circadian health. The ultimate goal is to design hospital guidelines to minimize the adverse effects on the dependent variables studied. Arguably, these guidelines will contribute to reducing the risk of these alterations and it will also serve to improve the nursing activities.ConclusionWe expect to obtain adequate results for the creation of a protocol to improve the circadian health, quality of care and health outcomes related to sleep in patients.
Identifying unwarranted variation in clinical practice between healthcare providers in England: Analysis of administrative data over time for the Getting It Right First Time programme
Authors: Gray William K. , Day Jamie , Briggs Tim W. R. , Harrison Simon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe Getting It Right First Time programme aims to reduce variation in clinical practice that unduly impacts on outcomes for patients in the National Health Service (NHS) in England; often termed “unwarranted variation.” However, there is no “gold standard” method for detecting unwarranted variation. The aim of this study was to describe a method to allow such variation in recorded practice or patient outcomes between NHS trusts to be detected using data over multiple time periods. By looking at variation over time, it was hoped that patterns that could be missed by looking at data at a single time point, or averaged over a longer time period, could be identified.MethodsThis was a retrospective time‐series analysis of observational administrative data. Data were extracted from the Hospital Episodes Statistics database for two exemplar aspects of clinical practice within the field of urology: (a) use of ureteric stents on first emergency admission to treat urinary tract stones and (b) waiting times for definitive surgery for urinary retention. Data were categorized into 3‐month time periods and three rules were used to detect unwarranted variation in the outcome metric relative to the national average: (a) two of any three consecutive values greater than two standard deviations above the mean, (b) four of any five consecutive values greater than one standard deviation above the mean, and (c) eight consecutive values above the mean.ResultsFor the urinary tract stones dataset, 24 trusts were identified as having unwarranted variation in the outcomes using funnel plots and 23 trusts using the time‐series method. For the urinary retention data, 18 trusted were identified as having unwarranted variation in the outcomes using funnel plots and 22 trusts using the time‐series method.ConclusionsThe time‐series method may complement other methods to help identify unwarranted variation.
Teachings from COVID‐19 and aging—An oxidative process
Authors: Zarbafian Misha , Dayan Steven , Fabi Sabrina G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs of June 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic has totaled over 9 000 000 cases and 470 000 deaths globally (ref. 1). Emerging data from COVID‐19 patients have suggested a clear role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2, the pathogenic agent of COVID‐19. Several comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and aging, have been associated with an increase in baseline oxidative stress, likely explaining why such individuals at risk for poor outcomes with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Similarly, the concept of oxidative stress remains one of the best supported theories to explain the mechanism behind aging. Oxidative stress through both endogenous and exogenous sources has known deleterious effects in both aging and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Herein, we will review the role of oxidative stress as a key player in both aging and COVID‐19 and highlight why some individuals may have better or poorer outcomes because of this. Additionally, we will discuss potential therapeutic pathways for effectively anti‐aging as we take away from our learnings on COVID‐19.
Building Character: The Formation of a Hybrid Organizational Identity in a Social Enterprise
Authors: Cornelissen Joep P. , Akemu Ona , Jonkman Jeroen G. F. , Werner Mirjam D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe formation of a hybrid organizational identity is a significant challenge for many social enterprises. Drawing on in‐depth longitudinal data from the first three years of a successful social enterprise – Fairphone, founded in Amsterdam – we induce an empirically grounded theoretical model of how a hybrid organizational identity is formed. We identify a general process of organizational identity formation, with founders, leaders and members experimenting with different organizational characters describing ‘who they are’ as well as with alternative social impact strategies defining ‘what they do’. As part of this experimental process, we elaborate the role of a key leadership process – ‘rekeying’, which involves leaders re‐figuring prior understandings into more dual readings – which we found facilitates ongoing adaptation and helps members of the organization to become progressively better able at combining multiple objectives and values as part of a shared hybrid identity. Our theoretical model of hybrid organizational identity formation has a number of direct implications for ongoing research on organizational identity formation and hybrid organizations.
Mutual promotions between periodontitis and vascular calcification by rat animal model
Authors: Li Huixu , Pan Keqing , Meng Yun , Deng Jing , Zhang Pengmei , Song Wenbin , Li Shu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective and BackgroundTo study the relationship between periodontitis and vascular calcification by establishing rat model of chronic periodontitis and vascular calcification.MethodsForty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: control group, periodontitis group, vascular calcification group, and compound periodontitis and calcification group. Each group rats accepted the corresponding manages to establish the animal model. Clinical examinations and hematoxylin and eosin staining of periodontal tissue were taken to test the periodontal model; calcium assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of mineral‐related factors including osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, core‐binding factor‐α1 and bone sialoprotein, hematoxylin and eosin staining and von Kossa staining of vascular tissue were taken to test the vascular calcification model; inflammatory factors including C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, prostaglandin E2, and serum lipid in serum were also detected at the same time.ResultsThe rat model was established. Inflammation of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone resorption in compound group and periodontitis group were more obvious than those in control group and vascular calcification group (P < .05). However, the calcium assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized deposition in vascular calcification group and compound group were higher than those in control group and periodontitis group (P < .05), and compound group were the highest (P < .05); as for serum lipid, the level of total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol in compound group and vascular calcification group were higher than that in control group and periodontitis group (P < .05), and compound group was the highest (P <.05); but the level of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher in control group and periodontitis group. Inflammatory factors expression in serum were higher in compound group and periodontitis group, while mineral‐related factors expression were higher in compoundgroup and vascular calcification group.ConclusionThere are some mutual promotions between periodontitis and vascular calcification, which might be related to the increasing inflammatory factors, lipids level, and mineral‐related factors.