bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La distance entre Bruxelles et ses citoyens. Retour sur le déficit démocratique de l’Union européenne
Authors: Grard Loïc 
Published: February 2020

Le discours eurosceptique visant à stigmatiser le “chef de bureau Bruxellois”, qui prend ses décisions sans être le moins du monde à l’écoute des citoyens de l’Union, prospère depuis vingt-cinq ans. Le traité de Maastricht en est à l’origine. En 1992/93 il a difficilement rencontré l’adhésion des Européens. Il a marqué la fin du consensus permissif par lequel tout ce qui est européen est irréfragablement frappé du sceau du progrès… Le temps de la confiance est révolu. Depuis cette époque et de manière rémanente, bien au contraire, la critique du déficit démocratique s’est installée dans l’espace public européen sous des formes diverses, selon les États : démocraties illibérales, gouvernements élus sur la base de programmes de défiance européenne, mouvements de rue, etc. Faut-il moins d’Europe pour mieux d’Europe, tel que plaident aussi d’autres courants aux sensibilités moins eurosceptiques ? Il demeure que l’alimentation du terreau de l’europhobie ne s’arrête pas, avec en ligne de mire des transferts de souveraineté, non compensés par des logiques démocratiques adéquates. Au regard de ces constats, la question devient la suivante : le modèle européen de démocratie est-il réellement en crise ? Comment améliorer les ressorts de la démocratie représentative ? Que penser de la démocratie directe ? Fausse bonne idée ? Sur toutes ces questions, des réponses juridiques existent. C’est à leur exploration que vous invitent les lignes suivantes.
« It’s the final countdown » : position de l’Union européenne et état des lieux sommaire des négociations du Brexit
Authors: Platon Sébastien 
Published: February 2020

Le présent article entend faire le point, à jour le 28 février 2018, des négociations entre l’Union européenne et le Royaume-Uni concernant la sortie de ce dernier (le processus appelé « Brexit », pour « British exit »). Après avoir retracé brièvement l’arrière-plan juridique et politique, seront présentés les principes généraux posés par l’Union européenne (et acceptés par le Royaume-Uni) pour la négociation du Brexit. Puis seront présentés les principaux éléments de l’accord de principe auquel le Royaume-Uni et l’Union européenne sont parvenus en décembre 2017 sur les points fondamentaux de l’accord portant arrangement pour un « retrait ordonné » du Royaume-Uni, à savoir, d’une part, les droits des citoyens, d’autre part, la méthode de calcul de la « facture » due par le Royaume-Uni et, enfin, l’importance de ne pas recréer une frontière « dure » entre le Royaume-Uni et l’Irlande. Pour autant que l’on puisse la dessiner en l’état des négociations, la position de l’Union européenne concernant les « relations futures » avec le Royaume-Uni sera également, brièvement, présentée.
Réputation et perceptions de l’Union européenne au Canada : un partenaire stratégique superficiel ?
Authors: Rayroux Antoine 
Published: February 2020

Historiquement, les relations entre le Canada et l’Union européenne (UE) ont peiné à dépasser un cadre partenarial fondé uniquement sur un intérêt commercial mutuel. Récemment, les deux parties ont ratifié un Accord économique et commercial global et un Accord de partenariat stratégique dans l’espoir de renforcer ce partenariat. À la lumière de ces évolutions, cet article aborde deux questions : à quels défis l’UE est-elle confrontée dès lors qu’il s’agit d’affermir ses liens stratégiques avec le Canada ? Dans quelle mesure les perceptions des acteurs locaux corroborent-elles le discours officiel selon lequel l’UE et le Canada sont des partenaires stratégiques fiables ? À partir d’une analyse de trois groupes d’acteurs – médias de la presse écrite, opinion publique, élites – l’article met l’accent sur trois défis qui se dressent face au renforcement de ce partenariat : la présence fondamentale des États-Unis dans le paysage économique et politique canadien, l’impact négatif des crises vécues par l’UE au tournant des années 2010, et la difficulté pour les Européens à diffuser un message clair à un régime politique divers et multiniveaux comme le Canada.
I Love Dick et Transparent : de quelques catégories de montage dans la sérialité télévisuelle
Authors: Boni Marta , Christoforo Larissa 
Published: February 2020

L’article examine les différentes typologies de montage dans deux séries pensées pour les nouveaux services télévisuels de diffusion en continu : Transparent (Jill Soloway, 2014-2019) et I Love Dick (Sarah Gubbins et Jill Soloway, 2016-2017). La posture queer permet de concentrer la multiplicité des options dans un parcours sériel (dans une logique où l’identité se trouve entre plusieurs options). Le montage est entendu comme : a) la relation entre les éléments au sein de l’épisode, semblable au montage cinématographique ; b) la relation des épisodes à la totalité de la saison et de la série ; c) une performance capable de réactiver certaines significations au fil des saisons, par des lectures et réécritures à rebours, qui bouleversent a posteriori le sens de l’ensemble. Si cette dernière catégorie joue avec une traduction un peu abusive du terme editing, elle a le mérite de souligner le geste de « réactivation sérielle » qui permet de mettre en évidence, par les effets de rythme et de mémoire spectatorielle, l’importance du potentiel queer de la sérialité.
L’image-mouvement au cinéma, de la chronophotographie à la performance capture
Authors: Ouertani Miriam Meriam 
Published: February 2020

À son origine, l’image-mouvement au cinéma est définie par Deleuze comme une succession mécanique d’instantanés caractérisée essentiellement par l’équidistance. La succession mécanique du mouvement par un codage serait intrinsèque à l’agencement dans l’image-mouvement. La problématique de l’image-mouvement réside dans l’idée selon laquelle la perception du mouvement à l’aide d’une succession de poses et la perception du mouvement par l’intermédiaire de dispositifs réduisent l’interprétation du mouvement à un temps uniforme. À quel point cela va-t-il contraindre à saisir l’essentiel du mouvement, à savoir les micromouvements qui entrent dans ce régime de l’image-mouvement intensif et qui échappent à la mesurabilité de même qu’à l’agencement ? Dans ce cas précis, la question serait de savoir non pas comment un mouvement succède à un autre mouvement, mais plutôt comment un mouvement donné se continue dans le mouvement suivant. Nous entamerons une catégorisation de l’image-mouvement par le biais de la capture du mouvement numérique transférée sur les personnages en images de synthèse du film Avatar.
Tensiomyographical responsiveness to peripheral fatigue in quadriceps femoris
Authors: Martín-San Agustín Rodrigo , Medina-Mirapeix Francesc , Casaña-Granell José , García-Vidal José A. , Lillo-Navarro Carmen , Benítez-Martínez Josep C. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Fatigue influences athletic performance and can also increase the risk of injury in sports, and most of the methods to evaluate it require an additional voluntary effort. Tensiomyography (TMG), which uses electrical stimulation and a displacement sensor to evaluate muscle contraction properties of one or more muscle bellies, has emerged as a technique that can assess the presence of peripheral and central fatigue without requiring additional voluntary efforts. However, the evaluation of the TMG’s ability to detect fatigue is limited, both at the level of muscle bellies and statistical methods. Thus, the aim of the present study was twofold: (i) to examine and compare the tensiomyographical responsiveness to quadriceps femoris (QF) fatigue by multiple statistical methods and (ii) to analyze sex differences in the variation produced by fatigue in TMG parameters.

Methods
Thirty-nine recreational athletes participated (19 males/20 females; aged 22 ± 2 years). TMG parameters of QF bellies and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) were measured before and after a fatigue protocol. TMG parameters used were maximum radial deformation (Dm), contraction time between 10–90% of the Dm (Tc), contraction velocity between 10–90% (Vc) and of the first 10% (V10) of the Dm. Internal responsiveness of TMG to fatigue was analyzed by paired t-test and standardized response mean (SRM). External responsiveness was examined by correlations, regression models, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
All TMG parameters, except for Tc of rectus femoris and vastus medialis, showed large internal responsiveness. In adjusted regression models by sex, only Dm and V10 of rectus femoris were statistically associated (p < 0.05) with b coefficients of 0.40 and 0.43, respectively. r2 explained the 22% of the total variance. In addition, these parameters could discriminate between QF with and without fatigue.

Conclusion
Since the QF is the main strength contributor during multiple physical activities, clinicians and trainers will be able to discriminate the presence of fatigue and the magnitude of changes in the QF strength by TMG evaluation.
Eliminating Dengue Fever should be Easy Compared to Malaria – In a Malaysian Perspective
Authors: Ahmad A. M. Meer , Koay Chew Aik 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: In 1993, the International Task Force for Disease Eradication thought over and concluded that only six diseases are eradicable – but, malaria, dengue fever (and, dengue hemorrhagic fever) were not included.
In 2010, 99 countries reported 219 million cases of malaria and 660,000 deaths. In Malaysia in 2011, 5152 cases had been reported causing not more than 30 deaths.
Over 2.5 billion are at risk of dengue fever given the endemicity in excess of 100 countries, compared to nine countries in 1970. The WHO estimate 50-100 million cases annually globally, with approximately 500,000 dengue haemorrhagic fever, and an estimated 22,000 death each year. In Malaysia in 2017, there is found 83,849 reported cases of dengue fever with 177 deaths.
There is a compelling need to give thought here to an elimination/eradication programme on dengue fever in Malaysia, realizing there is presently a malaria-elimination programme already.
Aim: The Aim of this Review is to contemplate on the priority of possible public-health intervention of infectious-diseases, the International Task Force on Disease Eradication, and the three principle/indicators toward successful eradication/elimination programme, and the cost, beside describing the epidemiology and eradication/elimination of malaria in Malaysia, including the human and economic cost of malaria, in a comparison with dengue fever, including the dengue control & prevention programme and the potential in the innovative-methods, and why a dengue fever elimination programme is timely and imperative.
Methodology: This article is a Narrative Review, and the author focus the article around three articles published by the author in recent times on dengue fever, and two on malaria. Additionally, the author contemplate around relevant newer article by various author retrieved through PubMed and Google Search.
Results: Based on priority of possible public-health intervention of infectious-diseases by the International Task Force on Disease Eradication, and the principle/indicator(s) identified by the Task Force, and the Dahlem Conference, toward successful eradication/elimination programme, and the World Health Assembly on dengue fever, it is felt that a dengue fever elimination programme is timely and imperative, beside found very cost-beneficial.
Conclusion: Mankind can eliminate dengue fever, even if not actually eradicating the disease, in a very much feasible and cost-beneficial programme, beginning in every nation and every region of the world, prior to grouping to become a global-programme.
Patient motion tracking for non‐isocentric and non‐coplanar treatments via fixed frame‐of‐reference 3D camera
Authors: Gasparyan Sergey , Ko Kyle , Skinner Lawrie B. , Ko Ryan B. , Loo Billy W. , Fahimian Benjamin P. , Yu Amy S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeAs C‐arm linac radiation therapy evolves toward faster, more efficient delivery, and more conformal dosimetry, treatments with increasingly complex couch motions are emerging. Monitoring the patient motion independently of the couch motion during non‐coplanar, non‐isocentric, or dynamic couch treatments is a key bottleneck to their clinical implementation. The goal of this study is to develop a prototype real‐time monitoring system for unconventional beam trajectories to ensure a safe and accurate treatment delivery.MethodsAn in‐house algorithm was developed for tracking using a couch‐mounted three‐dimensional (3D) depth camera. The accuracy of patient motion detection on the couch was tested on a 3D printed phantom created from the body surface contour exported from the treatment planning system. The technique was evaluated against a commercial optical surface monitoring system with known phantom displacements of 3, 5, and 7 mm in lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions by placing a head phantom on a dynamic platform on the treatment couch. The stability of the monitoring system was evaluated during dynamic couch trajectories, at speeds between 10.6 and 65 cm/min.ResultsThe proposed monitoring system agreed with the ceiling mounted optical surface monitoring system in longitudinal, lateral, and vertical directions within 0.5 mm. The uncertainty caused by couch vibration increased with couch speed but remained sub‐millimeter for speeds up to 32 cm/min. For couch speeds of 10.6, 32.2, and 65 cm/min, the uncertainty ranges were 0.27– 0.73 mm, 0.15–0.87 mm, and 0.28–1.29 mm, respectively.ConclusionBy mounting a 3D camera in the same frame‐of‐reference as the patient and eliminating dead spots, this proof of concept demonstrates real‐time patient monitoring during couch motion. For treatments with non‐coplanar beams, multiple isocenters, or dynamic couch motion, this provides additional safety without additional radiation dose and avoids some of the complexity and limitations of room mounted systems.
Chiral AuCuAu Heterogeneous Nanorods with Tailored Optical Activity
Authors: Wang Juncai , Wu Xiaoling , Ma Wei , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, a facile wet‐chemistry route for the selective growth of crystalline copper (Cu) along the sides of gold nanorods (Au NRs) in the presence of a hexadecylamine (HDA) is reported. The resulting heterostructures feature part etching of copper by galvanic replacement reaction and form crystalline AuCu alloy metal on one side of the Au NRs. By virtue of the dipeptide (cysteine‐phenylalanine, Cys‐Phe) ligand used during synthesis, the AuCuAu heteronanorods (HNRs) exhibit strong circular dichroism (CD) in the wavelength range of 400–1000 nm. The plasmonic chirality can be tailored by increasing the length of the Au NRs, the scale of Cu nanocrystals on the Au NRs, and the amount of gold chloride for postgrowth, resulting in an anisotropy factor (g factor) as high as 0.57 × 10−2. The strong CD signals are attributed to the local electromagnetic field. Under circular polarized light (CPL) illumination, the chiral plasmonic AuCuAu nanostructure exhibits high efficiency for light polarization dependent reactive oxygen species (1O2) that is 22.31 times that of Au NRs. The results of this study demonstrate that the chiral enantiomer provides a chirality dependent avenue for highly efficient phototherapy.
Omnidirectional Photodetectors Based on Spatial Resonance Asymmetric Facade via a 3D Self‐Standing Strategy
Authors: Pan Qi , Su Meng , Zhang Zeying , Chen Bingda , Huang Zhandong , Hu Xiaotian , Cai Zheren , Song Yanlin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntegration of photovoltaic materials directly into 3D light–matter resonance architectures can extend their functionality beyond traditional optoelectronics. Semiconductor structures at subwavelength scale naturally possess optical resonances, which provides the possibility to manipulate light–matter interactions. In this work, a structure and function integrated printing method to remodel 2D film to 3D self‐standing facade between predesigned gold electrodes, realizing the advancement of structure and function from 2D to 3D, is demonstrated. Due to the enlarged cross section in the 3D asymmetric rectangular structure, the facade photodetectors possess sensitive light–matter interaction. The single 3D facade photodetectors can measure the incident angle of light in 3D space with a 10° angular resolution. The resonance interaction of the incident light at different illumination angles and the 3D subwavelength photosensitive facade is analyzed by the simulated light flow in the facade. The 3D facade structure enhances the manipulation of the light–matter interaction and extends metasurface nanophotonics to a wider range of materials. The monitoring of dynamic variation is achieved in a single facade photodetector. Together with the flexibility of structure and function integrated printing strategy, three and four branched photodetectors extend the angle detection to omnidirectional ranges, which will be significant for the development of 3D angle‐sensing devices.
Progress in Atomically Precise Coinage Metal Clusters with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhang Miao‐Miao , Li Kai , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaterials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are especially fascinating due to the widespread potential applications in 3D displays, biological probes, security encoding, encrypted information transmission, and storage. Among these CPL‐active materials, the ones based on atomically precise coinage, namely, the metal coinage clusters, have attracted increasing attention due to their fascinating chiral structures and intriguing luminescence characteristics. Meanwhile, these clusters provide an ideal platform at the nanoscale for understanding the chiral transfer across the organic–inorganic interface. In this report, the recent progress in constructing enantiomerically pure chiral coinage metal clusters and the luminescent mechanism of coinage metal clusters in aggregated state are reviewed, respectively. Moreover, CPL‐active atomically precise coinage metal clusters and their design strategies are discussed in detail. Finally, challenges and opportunities for constructing atomically precise coinage metal clusters with excellent CPL properties are discussed.
Simultaneously High Upconversion Efficiency and Large Anti‐Stokes Shift by Using Os(II) Complex Dyad as Triplet Photosensitizer
Authors: Wei Yaxiong , Li Yuanming , Zheng Min , Zhou Xiaoguo , Zou Yang , Yang Chuluo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo extend the triplet lifetime of photosensitizer, two new osmium complex dyads, with Os(phen)3 as triplet energy donor and 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA) as energy acceptor, namely Os(phen)3‐DPA and Os(phen)3‐BDPA, are synthesized and characterized. The triplet lifetime of Os(phen)3‐DPA dyad is significantly extended to 1.1 μs by introducing triplet energy acceptor DPA to activate the intramolecular triplet energy transfer from the Os(phen)3 to DPA units. By developing the triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion piars of Os(phen)3‐DPA and 9‐phenyl‐10‐(p‐tolyl)anthracene, the deep‐red light (at 663 nm) is upconverted to the blue‐violet emission (at 415 nm) in 1,2‐dichloroethane solution, and the highest upconversion quantum yield of 9.7% is achieved with a large anti‐Stokes shift of 1.12 eV.
Magnetically Controlled On‐Demand Switching of Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jiaqian , Zhu Xiaohui , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe integration of stimuli‐responsiveness into energy storage devices has become an attractive way to manage the operation of devices. Current stimuli approaches (light, chemical, and temperature) require transparent windows and specific systems, or are subject to the tolerant temperature of batteries, hampering their widespread applications. Herein, a fast and reversible on‐demand switching of batteries, which is realized by incorporating a magnetic control component, is reported. The component is capable of undergoing a reversible transition between electrical conduction and insulation over 500 cycles, showing superior cycling stability. Batteries with this component internally incorporated can retain excellent electrochemical performance in a wide potential window at normal conditions. More importantly, this approach can manage the operation of batteries in light of human requirements. The battery can shut down within 0.11 s of applying a magnetic field and rapidly resume a normal battery function under the magnetic field, showing an excellent response speed. Notably, this on‐demand switching behavior in batteries can be repeated over 25 times, excelling most reported switching batteries. The design combines fast and repeatable characteristics without sacrificing electrochemical performance, providing possibilities in advancing the development of smart electronics.
Building Electron/Proton Nanohighways for Full Utilization of Water Splitting Catalysts
Authors: Yang Gaoqiang , Yu Shule , Kang Zhenye , Li Yifan , Bender Guido , Pivovar Bryan S. , Green Johney B. , Cullen David A. , Zhang Feng‐Yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLow electron/proton conductivities of electrochemical catalysts, especially earth‐abundant nonprecious metal catalysts, severely limit their ability to satisfy the triple‐phase boundary (TPB) theory, resulting in extremely low catalyst utilization and insufficient efficiency in energy devices. Here, an innovative electrode design strategy is proposed to build electron/proton transport nanohighways to ensure that the whole electrode meets the TPB, therefore significantly promoting enhance oxygen evolution reactions and catalyst utilizations. It is discovered that easily accessible/tunable mesoporous Au nanolayers (AuNLs) not only increase the electrode conductivity by more than 4000 times but also enable the proton transport through straight mesopores within the Debye length. The catalyst layer design with AuNLs and ultralow catalyst loading (≈0.1 mg cm−2) augments reaction sites from 1D to 2D, resulting in an 18‐fold improvement in mass activities. Furthermore, using microscale visualization and unique coplanar‐electrode electrolyzers, the relationship between the conductivity and the reaction site is revealed, allowing for the discovery of the conductivity‐determining and Debye‐length‐determining regions for water splitting. These findings and strategies provide a novel electrode design (catalyst layer + functional sublayer + ion exchange membrane) with a sufficient electron/proton transport path for high‐efficiency electrochemical energy conversion devices.