bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevention of arboviral diseases using mobile devices: a preliminary study of the attitudes and behaviour change produced by educational interventions
Authors: Abel Mangueira Francisco Fernandes , Smania‐Marques Roberta , Dutra Fernandes Izabelly , Alves Albino Victor , Olinda Ricardo , Acácia Santos‐Silva Tais , Traxler John , Matheson David , Santos Silvana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn Brazil, the National Policy for Dengue Control seeks to incorporate the lessons of national and international experience in dengue control, emphasising the need for health education activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to the prevention of arboviruses before and after a two‐month educational intervention using a learning platform on mobile devices.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study corresponds to the first phase of the project ‘Impact of mobile learning in the prevention and management of complications caused by arboviruses (Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya) – ZIKAMOB’, sponsored as part of the British Council Newton Fund.ResultsThirty of the 93 participants were first‐year undergraduate university students (36.7% male), and 63 were police officers (84.1% male). The pattern of attitudes and behaviour was very similar in both groups before the intervention. The students changed their attitudes and behaviour (P = 0.032) in relation to their engagements in actions for the prevention of arboviral diseases and several other activities related to house inspections and precautions with water tanks (P < 0.01). However, recycling and surveillance activities were not as effective in changing behaviour. Female participants showed more motivation to participate in preventive activities, but living alone and working were barriers to participation. Individuals who already perform selective waste collection and are cultivating gardens demonstrated both a positive attitude and a positive behaviour towards actions for the prevention of arboviral diseases.ConclusionMobile learning and behaviour change theories might be successful as the basis for school‐based and community‐based interventions to avoid arboviruses. These outcomes need to be confirmed in broader future studies.
Arabidopsis MYB4 plays dual roles in flavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Chen , Wu Jie , Guan Meng‐Ling , Zhao Cui‐Huan , Geng Pan , Zhao Qiao 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Flavonoids are major secondary metabolites derived from the plant phenylpropanoid pathway that play important roles in plant development and also have benefits for human health. So‐called MBW ternary complexes involving R2R3‐MYB and basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors along with WD‐repeat proteins have been reported to regulate expression of the biosynthetic genes in the flavonoid pathway. MYB4 and its closest homolog MYB7 have been suggested to function as repressors of phenylpropanoid metabolism. However, the detailed mechanism by which they act has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 and its homologs MYB7 and MYB32 interact with the bHLH transcription factors TT8, GL3 and EGL3 and thereby interfere with the transcriptional activity of the MBW complexes. In addition, MYB4 can also inhibit flavonoid accumulation by repressing expression of the gene encoding Arogenate Dehydratase 6 (ADT6), which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, the precursor for flavonoid biosynthesis. MYB4 potentially represses not only the conventional ADT6 encoding the plastidial enzyme but also the alternative isoform encoding the cytosolic enzyme. We suggest that MYB4 plays dual roles in modulating the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis.
Immediate effect of transmucosal application of corn syrup or 50% dextrose solution on blood glucose concentrations in healthy dogs
Authors: Holt Rhonda L. , Gordon Jana M. , Ruaux Craig 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate and quantify the effects of mucosal corn syrup and 50% dextrose application on blood glucose concentrations in healthy dogs, to assess the effectiveness of a widely used practice for treatment of hypoglycemia.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwelve client‐owned dogs that were healthy, >1 year of age, weighing >5 kg, and had normal physical exam and biochemical profiles.InterventionsDogs were fasted overnight for a minimum of 12 hours. Once normal physical exam and biochemical profile were confirmed, an IV catheter was placed in a peripheral vein for serial blood sampling. Each dog served as their own control and received each of 3 treatments, the orders of which were randomized for each dog. Treatments included mucosal application of commercially available corn syrup (Karo light syrup), water (control), and 50% dextrose solution, each at a dose of 1 mL/kg of body weight. Blood glucose was measured using a point‐of‐care glucometer. Samples were taken immediately prior to each treatment and at 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, 20‐, 30‐, and 60‐minute intervals.ResultsAll treatments were well tolerated and no adverse events were observed. A statistically significant increase in blood glucose was observed at the 15‐, 20‐, 30‐, and 60‐minute time points in the corn syrup and 50% dextrose groups as compared with the control.ConclusionsA significant effect on the blood glucose concentrations of the treated animals was not observed until 15 minutes after application of concentrated glucose solutions. These findings suggest that, in more severely hypoglycemic patients, parenteral glucose administration may be necessary.
Caval‐aortic ratio and caudal vena cava diameter in dogs before and after blood donation
Authors: Herreria‐Bustillo Vicente J. , Fitzgerald Ella , Humm Karen R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the donation of 1 unit of blood results in a significant decrease in the caudal vena cava diameter (CVCd) and the caudal vena cava diameter to aortic diameter (CVCd:Aod) ratio measured at the iliac location.InterventionsEight healthy client‐owned Greyhounds underwent ultrasound of their caudal vena cava and aorta before and after blood donation. The principal investigator obtained M‐mode images of the blood vessels from all dogs and a secondary investigator measured the CVCd and aortic diameter in a blinded manner from stored images. The ratio of CVCd:Aod was then calculated. After assessing for normality, paired‐sample t‐tests were performed to compare mean values before and after donation.Main ResultsThe mean (±SD) CVCd before and after blood donation were 15.84 mm (±5.06 mm) and 15.82 mm (±5.42 mm) and the CVCd:Aod ratios were 0.93 (±0.23) and 1.00 (±0.27), respectively. There was no statistical difference between pre‐ and postdonation values for CVCd (P = 0.99) or CVCd:Aod (P = 0.34).ConclusionThe measurement of CVCd and CVCd:Aod ratio with ultrasound at the iliac location failed to detect mild‐to‐moderate blood loss produced by the donation of 1 unit of blood in Greyhounds.
Overcoming the deceptively low viability of CD45+ cells in thawed cord blood unit segments
Authors: Pasha Roya , Halpenny Mike , Pineault Nicolas 
Published: October 2019

Background and objectivesThere is no standard methodology for post‐thaw sample preparation for viability analysis of umbilical cord blood units (CBU). A common challenge faced by CB bank is for their product to meet the post‐thaw cell viability threshold for CD45+ cells set at 40% by NetCord‐FACT. The objective of this work was to improve the post‐thaw staining method to maximize CD45+ cell viability so that clinically valuable samples meet the NetCord‐FACT threshold criteria for CD45+ and CD34+ cell viabilities.Materials and methodsSamples of CBU buffy coats and CBU segments were thawed and taken for staining. Various parameters were evaluated on CD45+ and CD34+ cell viability as measured by 7‐actinomycin D (7‐AAD) staining.ResultsThe results revealed that initiating the staining at 20 min post‐thaw instead of 30, shortening the red cell lysis treatment, or performing lysis on ice and removing this step all together, all improved the viability of CD45+ cells. Using CBU segments, it was shown that the most effective approach in increasing the viability of CD45+ cells was the complete omission of red cell lysis step. However, removal of the lysis step can create technical artefacts during flow cytometry acquisition that results in an underestimation of the viability of CD34+ cells. This can be avoided and CD34+ cell viability restored with additional thresholding on CD45 signal.ConclusionCB CD45+ cells are sensitive to red cell lysis treatment post‐thaw; omission of this step provides the best viability and ultimately better reflects the quality of cells used for transplantation.
Effects of the menstrual and oral contraceptive cycle phases on microvascular reperfusion
Authors: Mattu Anmol T. , MacInnis Martin J. , Doyle‐Baker Patricia K. , Murias Juan M. 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the effects of the menstrual (early follicular and mid‐luteal) or monophasic oral contraceptive (inactive‐ and active‐pill) cycle phases on vascular reperfusion of lower limb microvasculature in healthy, active women using the near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) vascular occlusion test (VOT) technique?

What is the main finding and its importance?
We demonstrated that vascular responsiveness in the lower limb microvasculature remained unchanged between the early follicular and mid‐luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and inactive‐ and active‐pill phases of the oral contraceptive cycle. These data support that controlling for the cycle phases, within the specific times evaluated in this study, might not be necessary when assessing NIRS‐VOT reperfusion rates.

AbstractThe objective was to examine whether the menstrual or monophasic oral contraceptive cycle phases affect microvascular responsiveness of the lower limb in healthy, active women. During the follicular or inactive‐pill phase and the luteal or active‐pill phase of the menstrual or oral contraceptive cycle, respectively, 15 non‐oral contraceptive users (mean ± SD; 27 ± 6 years of age) and 15 monophasic oral contraceptive users (24 ± 4 years of age) underwent a lower‐limb vascular occlusion test (5 min baseline, 5 min occlusion and 8 min post cuff release). Menstrual cycle phases were verified using an ovulation test. Vascular responsiveness was assessed by calculating the near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxygen saturation (StO2) reperfusion slope (slope 2 StO2) and the post occlusion StO2 area under the curve (StO2AUC) of the tibialis anterior muscle. There were no differences in the reperfusion slope (as a percentage per second; follicular, 1.18 ± 0.48; luteal, 1.05 ± 0.48, inactive‐pill, 0.95 ± 0.23; and active‐pill, 0.87 ± 0.36; P = 0.09) and area under the curve (as a product of the percentage and seconds; follicular, 1067 ± 562; luteal, 918 ± 414, inactive‐pill, 945 ± 702; and active‐pill, 750 ± 519; P = 0.09) between the phases of the menstrual or oral contraceptive cycle, regardless of pill generation. The duration of oral contraceptive use was not associated with changes in slope 2 StO2 (r = 0.02, P = 0.94) or StO2AUC (r = −0.34, P = 0.22) between cycle phases. In conclusion, vascular responsiveness remained unchanged between the early follicular and mid‐luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and the inactive‐pill and active‐pill phases of the oral contraceptive cycle.
Salud mental de adolescentes españoles según variables contextuales y horas de uso de internet
Authors: Fajardo-Bullon Fernando , Burguillo Valverde Beatriz , Leon Del Barco Benito , Felipe-Castaño Elena 
Published: October 2019

El análisis de la salud mental en adolescentes es un tema actual de interés internacional. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la salud mental de los menores españoles, evaluada mediante la puntuación total de dificultades del Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ), en función del número de horas de conexión a internet y otras variables contextuales, como tipo de centro, sexo, curso y edad. La metodología utilizada fue un estudio ex post facto, de corte transversal, con una muestra formada por 430 estudiantes de España de 12 a 17 años. Los resultados muestran una asociación significativa entre la salud mental de los menores, el número de horas de uso de internet (χ2 = 10.2; p = 0.017) y la edad (χ2 = 11.86; p = 0.037). Sin embargo, esta asociación no se encontró con el tipo de centro educativo (U = 20026, p = 0.418), el sexo (U = 18638, p = 0.082) y el curso académico (χ2 = 1.62, p = 0.655). Se puede concluir que aquellos menores conectados a internet más de cinco horas al día presentaron mayores puntuaciones en dificultades en salud mental. Del mismo modo, los menores con edades entre 15 y 17 años, obtuvieron mayores puntaciones en dificultades en salud mental en comparación con los más jóvenes, de 12 años. Finalmente, se sugiere realizar labores de prevención en salud mental focalizadas en menores en la adolescencia tardía y que se conecten a internet más de cinco horas al día.
Conducta prosocial en estudiantes universitarios argentinos: estudio comparativo entre carreras
Authors: Auné Sofía Esmeralda , Abal Facundo Juan Pablo , Attorresi Horacio Félix 
Published: October 2019

En este estudio, se puso a prueba la hipótesis sobre las diferencias en conducta prosocial según el tipo de carrera estudiada. Se utilizó la Escala de Conducta Prosocial, un test previamente modelado con los procedimientos clásicos y con la Teoría de la Respuesta al Ítem, conformado por dos dimensiones: Ayuda y Confortar. Se midieron asimismo diferencias en la Autopercepción en Orientación Prosocial (AOP) y en Distorsión. Una muestra depurada de 1383 estudiantes universitarios de diferentes carreras se dividió teniendo en cuenta si la carrera involucra o no directamente a las conductas prosociales, y en caso afirmativo, distinguiendo si lo hace en relación con la salud física. La media de edad fue de 22.4 años, ocupando las mujeres el 79 % de la muestra. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes de carreras que involucran conductas prosociales relacionadas con la salud física puntuaron significativamente más alto en la dimensión Ayuda que el resto, aunque igualmente tuvieron más distorsión en su respuesta. En cuanto a la dimensión Confortar, los estudiantes de carreras directamente vinculadas con las conductas prosociales en general fueron quienes puntuaron más alto. Dentro de la AOP, el tipo de carrera tuvo efectos significativos sobre el puntaje en Autopercepción de la Conducta Prosocial y en Autopercepción de Dadivosidad. Se discuten los resultados y las limitaciones.
Thermodynamically Consistent Variational Approach for Modeling Brittle Fracture in Thick Plates by a Hybrid Phase Field Model
Authors: Raghu P. , Rajagopal A. , Reddy J. N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, we propose a thermodynamically consistent phase-field model for the brittle fracture analysis of thick plates. A hybrid model, which is fast and accurate, is proposed for the phase-field modeling of fracture in thick plates. Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) has been employed to capture the transverse shear deformation effects in thick plates. Governing equations are derived by seeking the minimization of the free-energy functional. A staggered solution algorithm with arc length control is used to solve the governing equations within the finite element framework. The nucleation and propagation of cracks in the thick plates subjected to uniformly distributed load is presented. The mechanical response corresponding to phase-field models based on both the classical plate theory and TSDT has been compared for the case of thick plates and a significant difference between these two models is observed. Parametric studies have been carried out to illustrate the effects of boundary conditions, shear deformation, and the mesh size.
Effects of Home- and Center-Based Exercise Programs on the Strength, Function, and Gait of Prefrail Older Women: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Costa Sabrine N. , Vieira Edgar R. , Bento Paulo C. B. 
Published: October 2019

The aims of this study were to compare the effects of a multicomponent exercise program provided at a center (CB) versus done part at home and part at a center (H+CB) on frailty status, strength, physical function, and gait of prefrail older women. Twenty-five women were randomly allocated into the CB (n = 14; 69 ± 6 years) and the H+CB (n = 11; 69 ± 7 years) groups. Both groups completed an exercise program including strengthening, balance, and gait exercises. The program was 12 weeks long, done three times per week, for 60 min per session. Frailty, knee and hip muscle strength, spatiotemporal parameters of the usual and maximum speed dual-task gait, and physical function were assessed at baseline and after program completion. The exercise program reversed the prefrail status of most participants independently of the mode of delivery. Strength increased in both groups, but the CB group had more pronounced improvements in gait and physical function. H+CB exercise programs are good options for prefrail older women.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Perceived Confidence Measures in Athletes With a History of Ankle Sprain
Authors: Corbett Revay O. , Keith Tyler R. , Hertel Jay 
Published: October 2019

Context: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROs) and functional performance tests are recommended in the National Athletic Trainers’ Association’s position statement on the prevention and management of ankle sprains during the return-to-play process. Evaluating perceived confidence may be another valuable method to evaluate an athlete’s readiness to return-to-play following an ankle sprain. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between PROs and perceived confidence when performing functional performance tasks in high school athletes with a history of ankle sprain. Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Public high school. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 25 high school student-athletes (6 males and 19 females, age 16.2 [1.1] y, height 169.3 [7.7] cm, mass 63.2 [9.8] kg). Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measures: The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Identification of Functional Ankle Instability, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 were completed by all participants. Participants then completed the weight-bearing lunge test; star excursion balance test; lateral, up–down, and triple hop tests; the single-leg vertical jump; and Southeast Missouri agility test and were asked to report their confidence in completing each task using a VAS with anchors of “no confidence” and “complete confidence.” Pearson r correlations were calculated between the PROs and the confidence VAS scores of the functional tests. Results: Moderate to strong negative correlations were identified between pain VAS measures and confidence VAS measures for all functional tests except the star excursion balance test and vertical jump. Moderate negative correlations were found between Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 scores and perceived confidence during the star excursion balance test and vertical jump. Finally, a moderate positive correlation was identified between Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores and perceived confidence measures during the Southeast Missouri agility test. Conclusions: High school athletes with a history of ankle sprain demonstrated significant correlations between several PROs and perceived confidence during various functional performance tests. The value of perceived confidence measures when making return-to-play decisions after ankle sprains warrants further investigation.
Turkish Physical Education Teachers’ Use of Teaching Styles: Self-Reported Versus Observed
Authors: Parsak Burhan , Saraç Leyla 
Published: October 2019

Objective:The objectives of this study were to (a) identify Turkish middle-school physical education teachers’ self-reported use and perceptions of spectrum teaching styles, (b) determine the spectrum teaching styles the teachers use when teaching, and (c) examine whether gender and teaching experience were differentiating factors.Method:A convenience sample of 58 female and 62 male teachers working in 86 different middle schools located in Adana (Turkey) were recruited into the study. The data were collected using two validated instruments: the Physical Education Teachers’ Use of Teaching Styles and Perceptions of Styles Questionnaire, and the Instrument for Identifying Teaching Styles.Results:The findings based on the teachers’ reported perceptions (questionnaire data) revealed that the teachers employed the full spectrum of teaching styles in their classes, ranging from teacher centered to student centered, regardless of their gender or level of teaching experience. However, the data based on actual observations of teaching styles yielded less evidence that the self-reported styles were used in actual teaching settings. The teachers’ perceptions and their actual use of teaching styles did not vary according to the gender and/or teaching experience of the teacher.Conclusion:There is a discrepancy between teachers’ self-reported teaching styles and the actual use of the styles in their teaching.
Using Simple Interactions to Improve Pedagogy in a Cross-Aged Leadership Program
Authors: Hemphill Michael A. , Martinek Tom 
Published: October 2019

Cross-aged teaching programs provide leadership experiences to youth who aim to influence children to be responsible, caring, and compassionate.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a leadership development protocol on relationship development in an established cross-aged teaching program.Method: Guided by the developmental relationships framework, “Simple Interactions” was implemented with a group of nine youth leaders. The intent was to help them improve their relationships with children in four categories (a) connection, (b) reciprocity, (c) participation, and (d) progression. Data were collected through reflection documents and focus group interviews.Results: Qualitative results explain how Simple Interactions impacted reflection and revealed strategies youth leaders used to build relationships with children.Discussion: The findings suggest that the Simple Interactions protocol may provide an innovative strategy to promote reflective practice and develop positive relationships in a cross-aged teaching program.