bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liraglutide Use in A Real-World Setting: Patient Characteristics at Antidiabetic Treatment Initiation Modulate Cardiovascular Safety Outcomes
Authors: Gallagher Arlene , Gydesen Helge , Jensen Thomas Jon , Major-Pedersen Atheline 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Generation of real-world cardiovascular drug safety evidence in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) warrants robust methodology. Regulatory authorities are increasingly seeking to support their decision making through real-world evidence. At the time of marketing authorization, this study was required by regulatory authorities to further characterize the liraglutide safety profile in routine real-world clinical practice (external validity). Safety outcomes were compared to those of other non-insulin antidiabetic (NIAD) treatments in patients with T2D initiating NIADs in a UK real-word setting. The design was endorsed by health regulatory authorities. This paper analyzes the methodology and study results, and postulates that it was the differences in patient characteristics at NIAD initiation, not the treatment itself, that modulated the observed differences in cardiovascular risk between NIAD cohorts.Methods: Data were obtained from linked UK electronic repositories: the Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care database (CPRD GOLD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). Risks of selected outcomes with current liraglutide use were compared to current use of other NIADs. Rates of each outcome and corresponding crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios were examined using Poisson regression analysis. Results: Overall, 149 788 patients met the study inclusion criteria; of these, 3432 initiated liraglutide. Components of the metabolic syndrome were more common among liraglutide initiators than those initiating other NIADs. The risk of some macrovascular conditions was increased in liraglutide initiators versus other NIAD initiators; following stepwise adjustment, this was only seen in liraglutide initiators when compared to biguanide initiators (incidence rate ratio: 1.33 [99% confidence interval (CI): 1.11;1.59]).Conclusions: The observed increase of macrovascular outcomes in liraglutide initiators compared with other NIAD initiators emphasizes the importance of countering potential selection bias when designing studies comparing cardiovascular outcomes across treatment initiator cohorts in heterogenous populations, such as patients with T2D. Baseline differences in the NIAD cohort may have modulated cardiovascular outcomes and likely explain the observed increased cardiovascular risk in liraglutide initiators. Selection bias, channeling bias and residual confounding, inherent in such observational studies, must be considered early when designing the study if the real-world data are to support decision-making.
Implications of COVID-19 on The of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in Ethiopia
Authors: Bulto Tadesse Weyuma , Chebo Abdella Kosa , Ede Asnake Gudisa , Werku Birhanu Chalchisa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The novel coronavirus pandemic, namely COVID-19, has become a global public health problem. COVID-19 was first reported in Ethiopia on 14 March 2020 by WHO. This paper is aimed at identifying the implication of COVID-19 on the concentration of PM2.5 from March 14, 2020 to July 31, 2020 in Ethiopia. Methods: The study gathered the environmental data released by Addis Ababa Central monitoring station before and during the coronavirus pandemic and discusses its impact on air quality. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 were compared before and during the COVId-19 for 280 days. The study compared the daily concentration of PM2.5 before COVID-19 from October 25, 2019 to March 13, 2020 and during COVID-19 from March 14, 2020 to July 31, 2020. The summary of the particulate matter, number of cases and deaths from March 14, 2020 to July 31, 2020 were analyzed in Ethiopia.Results: The results show that, the concentration of PM2.5 during COVID-19 was higher than before COVID-19. As air pollution increased the number of deaths was increased during coronavirus pandemic. There were 16,615 confirmed cases and 263 number of deaths from March 14, 2020 to July 31, 2020 in Ethiopia. Conclusion: We found that the concentration of PM2.5 during COVID-19 was higher than before COVID-19. COVID-19 has implications for the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in metropolitan city.
Clinical Characteristics, Comorbidities, Initial Management and Outcome of COVID-19 Infected Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit in Somalia: A National Retrospective Study.
Authors: Mohamud Mohamed Farah Yusuf , Hashi Abdullahi Said , Mohamed Abdikarim Hussein , Yusuf Ali Mohamed , Ali Ibrahim Hussein , Ahmed Mohamed Abdi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics, morbidities, management, and outcomes of COVID-19 Infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in Somalia.Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of laboratory 60 confirmed patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) admitted to an ICU from March 28, to May 28, 2020.The sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, exposure history, clinical manifestations (symptoms and signs), laboratory findings, treatment, and outcomes were collected from medical records.Results: Most of the patients admitted to ICU were men over 59 years of age, and nearly half had diabetes followed by hypertension chronic kidney disease and asthma. The most clinical presentations were dyspnea (91.2%), Fever (81.1%), (68.75%), Fatigue and myalgia (25%), and Altered level of conscious (16.6%). Among 48 patients admitted to the ICU, about 24 (50%) patients had required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, and 11(29.9%) patients needed noninvasive ventilation, while 13(27.08%) patients treated with high-flow oxygen therapy >15 L/min (Table 3). Corticosteroids were administered to most patients (85.4%), while 77.1% of the patients received inhaled bronchodilators and morethan half of the patients administered antibiotics. 58.3% of the patients had received Oseltamivir, while 22.9% received Vasopressors.Conclusion This study represents the first description of critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICU in Somalia. The study identified that elder age, male gender, and diabetic and hypertensive comorbidities as independent risk factors of poor outcomes for patients admitted to the ICU (p<0.005).
Gender Differences in the Association between Sleep Duration and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Matsuo Rei , Tani Shigemasa , Matsumoto Naoya , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Inappropriate sleep duration (shorter/longer than optimal sleep duration) has come to be identified as a potential cardiometabolic risk factor, and thereby, as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Few data exist regarding the gender differences in the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a study population of 9262 apparently healthy (5004 male, 4258 female) subjects at the Health Planning Center of Nihon University Hospital between September, 2015, and October 2016.Results: In the male subjects, as compared to a sleep duration of 6 to 7 hours, a sleep duration of ³8 hours was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for abdominal obesity (defined according to the Japanese criteria for metabolic syndrome as a waist circumference of ³85 cm) of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.004-1.71) and for a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of ³150 mg/dL (defined as “Borderline hyper” by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for Prevention of ASCVD 2017) of 1.33 (1.05-1.68), and a sleep duration of <5 hours was associated with an OR (95% CI) for a fasting blood glucose of ³100 mg/dL (defined as “high” by a specialized lifestyle checkup program for the detection of symptoms of metabolic syndrome in Japan) of 1.74 (1.25-2.42). On the other hand, in the female subjects, as compared to a sleep duration of 6 to 7 hours, a sleep duration of <5 hours was associated with an OR (95% CI) for abdominal obesity (waist circumference ³90 cm) of 1.98 (1.11-3.55) and for a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of ³5.6 % of 1.52 (1.10-2.10), whereas a sleep duration of ³8 hours was not associated with worsening of any of the examined cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions: There may be gender differences in the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk. To further reduce the risk of ASCVD, it may be of particular importance to emphasize adequate sleep duration.Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN (http://www.umin.ac.jp/) Study ID:　 UMIN000037643 retrospectively registered on 9 August 2019
Food-Based Dietary Patterns among Low-Income Single Mothers in Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: muhamad suriyani , Yulita Yulita , Hussain Nor Ermawati , Akhir Noor Haslina Mohamad , Rashid Noorhaslinda Kulub Abdul , Ahmat Nizam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The study is to explore food consumption based on the Malaysian Food Pyramid guideline and dietary related issues among low-income single mothers classified by their Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: Data were obtained from 519 low-income, single mothers who resided in Kuala Nerus, a district in the state of Terengganu in Malaysia. This study employed the Chi-square test to identify the differences in the tested parameters between the lean/normal and overweight/obese subjects. Results: The current study presented the information of single mothers with low-income, and their food consumption and preference based on the Malaysian Food Pyramid. The subjects were categorised into lean/normal BMI of < 25 and an overweight/obese BMI of > 25. There were significant differences (p-value < 0.05) in the food consumption for the food categories of rice, noodles, bread and cereals and vegetables and fruits between the lean/normal and overweight/obese subjects. Nevertheless, there were insignificant differences (p-value > 0.05) in the food consumption for the food categories of dairy, fish, chicken, meat, legumes and fat, oil, sugar and salt between lean/normal and overweight/obese subjects. There were also mixed results on the dietary related issue between the lean/normal and overweight/obese subjects. Conclusion: Even though there were differences in food consumption of two food categories between both BMI groups, the food consumption was closely consistent with the Malaysian Food Pyramid guideline. The findings had provided relevant evidence and also call for a necessary action from stakeholders to support a healthy diet and nutrition intake, not limited to low-income single mothers', but also other lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups.
Metabolic pathways inferred from a bacterial marker gene illuminate ecological changes across South Pacific frontal boundaries
Authors: Raes Eric , Karsh Kristen , Sow Swan , Ostrowski Martin , Brown Mark , de Kamp Jodie van , Franco-Santos Rita , Bodrossy Levente , Waite Anya 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Global oceanographic monitoring initiatives started by measuring abiotic essential ocean variables but are currently incorporating biological and metagenomic sampling. There is, however, a large gap between the taxonomic information produced by bacterial genomic analyses and information on bacterial functions, which is sought by biogeochemists, ecologists, and modellers. Here, we provide a mechanistic understanding of how a bacterial marker gene (16S rRNA) can be used to derive latitudinal trends for core metabolic pathways and, ultimately, be used for mapping ecosystem function change in global monitoring campaigns. From a transect spanning 7000 km in the South Pacific Ocean we identified ten metabolic pathways, which were related to ecological processes of primary productivity, temperature-regulated growth, coping strategies for nutrient limitation, energy metabolism, and degradation. We compared and contrasted these metabolic pathways with measured physico-biochemical parameters within and between oceanographic provinces, and found that functional diversity is as affected by oceanographic boundaries as is taxonomic composition. This study demonstrates that bacterial marker gene data, sampled and analysed with low costs and high throughput, can be used to infer on metabolic changes at the community scale. Such analyses may provide insight into the drivers of ecological changes and, overall, into the effects of biodiversity on marine ecosystem functioning.
Persistence of Functional Microbiota Composition Across Generations
Authors: Uria Christian Ramos , Calus Mario , Schokker Dirkjan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Holobionts are defined as a host and its microbiota, and there is not a consensus about their status as a unit of selection. The “it’s the song, not the singer” theory proposes that functional traits, instead of taxonomical composition, could be preserved across generations if interspecies interaction patterns perpetuate themselves. We used a novel combination of community level analysis on the functional composition of microbiota-communities to test this theory by using empirical and simulated data. We tested the conservation of functional composition across generations using mosquito and plant datasets. Then, we tested if there is a change of functional composition over time within a generation in human datasets. Finally, we simulated microbiota communities with different amounts of pairwise interspecies interactions and initial configurations to investigate if the interactions can lead to multiple stable community compositions. Results: Our results suggest that the vertically transmitted microbiota starts a predictable change of functions performed by the microbiota over time (i.e. an ecological succession) whose robustness depends on the arrival of diverse migrants. This succession culminates in a stable functional composition state. The pairwise interactions between species of the community are not sufficient to explain the stability of the final community and the existence of alternative stable states, which suggests that the host-microbiota interaction and non-pairwise interactions in general have an important contribution to the robustness of the final community.Conclusions: If the proposed mechanism proves to be valid for a diverse array of host species, this would support the concept of holobionts being used as units of selection, suggesting this has a wider applicability, including animal breeding.
Dynamics of Dark Fermentation Microbial Communities in the Light of Lactate and Butyrate Production
Authors: Detman Anna , Laubitz Daniel , Chojnacka Aleksandra , Kiela Pawel R. , Salamon Agnieszka , Barberan Albert , Chen Yongjian , Yang Fei , Blaszczyk Mieczyslaw K. , Sikora Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study focuses on the processes occurring during acidogenic step of anaerobic digestion, especially resulting from nutritional interactions between dark fermentation (DF) bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Previously, we have confirmed that DF microbial communities fed on molasses are able to convert lactate and acetate to butyrate in batch experiments. The aims of the study were: (i) to recognize biodiversity of DF microbial communities able and unable to convert lactate and acetate to butyrate and (ii) to define the conditions for the transformation in static batch experiments.Results: Sucrose stimulated bacterial growth, especially LAB. In the samples where the microbial communities fermented media containing carbohydrates the two main tendencies were observed: (i) a low pH (pH≤4), lactate and ethanol as the main fermentation products, microbial communities dominated with Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc and Fructobacillus was characterised by a low biodiversity; (ii) pH in the range 5.0-6.0, butyrate dominated among the fermentation products, the microbial communities composed mailny of Clostridium (especially Clostridium sensu stricto 12), Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Prevotella. The biodiversity increased with the ability to convert acetate and lactate to butyrate. The microbial communities processing exclusively lactate and acetate showed the highest biodiversity and was dominated by Clostridium (especially Clostridium sensu stricto 12). LAB were reduced, other genera such as Terrisporobacter, Lachnoclostridium, Paraclostridium or Sutterella were found. Butyrate was the main metabolite and pH was 7. WGS analysis of the selected butyrate-producing microbial communities independently on the substrate, revealed C. tyrobutyricum as a dominant Clostridium species. Conclusions: The batch tests revealed dynamics of metabolic activity and composition of DF microbial communities dependent on fermentation conditions. The results expand our knowledge on lactate to butyrate conversion by DF microbial communities. The relevant factor for conversion of lactate and acetate to butyrate in the presence of carbohydrates is pH in the range 5-6 and the balance between LAB (especially Lactobacillus), lactate and acetate producers (Bifidobacterium) and butyrate producers (mainly Clostridium) as well Prevotella. The pH below 4 and ethanol concentration might be the signalling factors responsible for metabolic shift of the dark fermentation microbial communities towards lactate fermentation.
Effect of mental disorders on the association between bullying, suicidality and self-harm among Australian adolescents: A mediation analysis using data from a nationwide survey
Authors: Islam Md Irteja , Khanam Rasheda , Kabir Enamul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Recent research has depicted that both traditional and cyber bullying victimization report serious mental health issues, particularly suicidal and non-suicidal self-harm in adolescents. However, the little is known about the mechanism underlying the correlation between bullying and risk behaviours – suicidality and self-harm. This study aimed to examine the effect of bullying victimization on suicidal and non-suicidal self-harm, and the mediating effect of mental disorders (major depressive disorder, ADHD, conduct disorder and anxiety disorder) on the relationship between bullying victimization, suicidality and self-harm among adolescents.
Methods

Data for this study came from the Young Minds Matter: the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing and Youth dataset, which is a cross-sectional nationwide survey. A total of 2166 adolescents aged 12–17 years (M = 14.83; SD = 1.61; 52.2% boys) were analyzed. Baron and Kenny’s approach with regression analysis was employed to test the mediation effect of each mental disorder on the association between traditional and cyber bullying victimization, suicidality and self-harm. Further, the Sobel test was used to statistically assess whether the indirect effects of bullying victimization on suicidality and self-harm were significant via mental disorder.
Results

Overall, 622 (28.7%) and 255 (11.8%) of adolescents reported traditional and cyberbullying victimization, respectively. The analysis showed that victims of both bullying incurred a significantly higher risk of suicidality and self-harm among adolescents. The effect of both bullying victimization on suicidality and self-harm was mediated by major depressive disorder after adjusting for the effect of potential sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, sedentary activities. While anxiety disorder only mediated the relationship between traditional bullying, and suicidality and self-harm. ADHD and conduct disorder had no mediating effect.
Conclusions

Depression and anxiety disorder plays a mediating role in the association between bullying victimization, suicidal and self-harming behaviour. Thus, addressing such mental disorders among bullying victims is worthwhile to prevent suicidality and non-suicidal self-harm, and ultimately suicide.
Identification of floR Variants Associated with Tn4371-Like Integrative and Conjugative Elements in Human Clinical Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates
Authors: Qian Changrui , Liu Hongmao , Lu Wei , Cao Jiawei , Lu Junwan , Li Aifang , Zhu Xinyi , Shen Kai , Xu Haili , Chen Qianqian , Zhou Wangxiao , Lu Hongyun , Lin Hailong , Zhang Xueyao , Li Qiaoling , Lin Xi , Li Kewei , Zhang Hailin , Xu Teng , Bao Qiyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Florfenicol is widely used to control respiratory diseases and intestinal infections in food animals. However, dramatic and serious florfenicol resistance in various clinical strains was reported. As a key resistance gene for florfenicol, floR has often been associated with mobile genetic elements. To analyze the potential transmission of floR, we investigated floR gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from human clinical samples and characterize two floR variants, floR-T1 and floR-T2.Methods: Pooled genomic DNA sequencing and PCR were used to analyze the floR gene in P. aeruginosa. The floR variants were cloned, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to compare the gene expression of the two floR variants in TL1285 with or without florfenicol/chloramphenicol. Whole-genome sequencing was used to identify the genetic context of the floR variants in TL1285.Results: Three types of floR variants (designated floR, floR-T1 and floR-T2) were identified in the clinical P. aeruginosa isolates, and floR-T1 was the most prevalent variant. The positive rates of the floR-T1 gene in the P. aeruginosa strains collected in 2008-2009 and 2015-2017 were 3.00% (6/200) and 7.39% (17/230), respectively. FloR-T2 exhibited less identity with other FloR proteins than FloRv. The two floR variants, floR-T1 and floR-T2, in P. aeruginosa TL1285 were functionally active and located on a novel incomplete Tn4371 family integrative and conjugative element (ICE). The expression of the two floR variants could be induced by florfenicol and chloramphenicol at different levels.Conclusions: Two floR variants, floR-T1 and floR-T2, were identified in a clinical P. aeruginosa strain. Tn4371 family ICEs contribute to the dissemination of resistance genes among P. aeruginosa. Antimicrobial resistance could be transmitted from animal bacteria to human pathogens, posing a severe threat to public health.