bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical and technofunctional properties of yellow pea flour and bread crumb mixtures processed with low moisture extrusion cooking
Authors: Luo Siwen , Koksel Filiz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe potential utilization of yellow pea flour and bread crumb blends was investigated to generate nutritionally‐dense extruded products with superior physical and/or technofunctional properties. Yellow pea flour mixed with bread crumb at different ratios were processed using low‐moisture twin‐screw extrusion cooking conditions to examine the effect of blending ratios and feed moisture contents on physical (that is, radial expansion index, extrudate density, microstructure, texture, and color) and technofunctional (that is, emulsifying capacity, emulsifying stability, water solubility [WS], water binding capacity [WBC], oil binding capacity [OBC], and pasting) properties of the final products. Compared to the two feed materials alone, samples produced with yellow pea flour and bread crumb blends showed lower hardness and higher crispiness. Moisture content (12% to 18%) was found to significantly affect physical and technofunctional properties. With an increase in feed moisture content from 12% to 18%, the WBC of the extrudates increased while the WS decreased. Extrudates produced with higher feed moisture content, and higher yellow pea flour content had higher setback viscosity. Among all formulas and feed moisture contents studied, extrudates produced with 50% yellow pea flour and 50% bread crumb at 12% feed moisture content had the highest radial expansion and bigger cells with thinner cell walls. This study has shown that incorporation of yellow pea flour and bread crumb in extrusion cooking process could be used to develop nutritionally‐dense foods with improved physical and technofunctional properties.
Effect of the exposure to oxidation and malondialdehyde on turkey and rabbit meat protein oxidative stability
Authors: Soglia Francesca , Baldi Giulia , Petracci Massimiliano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed at evaluating the effect of the exposure to a strong oxidative environment (100 mM NaClO) and the concurrent incubation with different malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations (0 to 5 mM) on protein carbonylation, free thiol groups, total heme pigments, and on the relative concentration of the different myoglobin (Mb) derivatives in turkey thigh and rabbit hind leg meat to elucidate their eventual role in inducing oxidative modifications on the protein fraction. With regard to turkey meat, the addition of a strong oxidant resulted in remarkably higher (P < 0.001) carbonyls along with a reduction in free thiol groups (which become undetectable). The relative concentration of MbO2 and MetMb was significantly affected (P < 0.001) and total heme pigment was reduced by 62% when fresh meat is compared to its oxidized counterpart. The addition of MDA 2.5 mM (or greater) resulted in a 1.4‐fold increase in carbonyls and a tendency (P = 0.07) has been observed for free thiol groups whose content decreased as the MDA level increased. Overall, the aforementioned results are in agreement with those obtained on rabbit hind leg meat in which a three‐fold increase (P < 0.001) in carbonyls and a remarkably higher (P < 0.001) MetMb content coupled with a 53% reduction in free thiol groups were found. No significant differences ascribable to MDA addition were found. In conclusion, exposing turkey and rabbit meat to the same environment resulted in distinctive oxidative changes that might be related to the compositional traits and a species‐specific susceptibility of the meat toward oxidation.Practical ApplicationProtein and lipid oxidation have been investigated in different meat types; nevertheless, the knowledge concerning the interaction between these two phenomena is limited. According to their compositional traits (high Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and heme pigment content), turkey and rabbit leg meats are particularly susceptible to oxidation. Providing information concerning the oxidative stability of turkey thigh and rabbit hind leg meat exposed to strong oxidative conditions and to a concurrent increasing content of a secondary product of lipid oxidation, the findings of the present study can be useful when proper processing strategies and storage conditions have to be implemented for manufacturing processed products.
An innovative protein expression system using RNA polymerase I for large‐scale screening of high‐nucleic‐acid content Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Zeng Duwen , Qiu Chenxi , Shen Yu , Hou Jin , Li Zailu , Zhang Jixiang , Liu Shuai , Shang Jianli , Qin Wensheng , Xu Lili , Bao Xiaoming 
Published: August 2020

SummarySaccharomyces cerevisiae is the preferred source of RNA derivatives, which are widely used as supplements for foods and pharmaceuticals. As the most abundant RNAs, the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) have no 5′ caps, thus cannot be translated to proteins. To screen high‐nucleic‐acid content yeasts more efficiently, a cap‐independent protein expression system mediated by Pol I has been designed and established to monitor the regulatory changes of rRNA synthesis by observing the variation in the reporter genes expression. The elements including Pol I‐recognized rDNA promoter, the internal ribosome entry site from cricket paralytic virus which can recruit ribosomes internally, reporter genes (URA3 and yEGFP3), oligo‐dT and an rDNA terminator were ligated to a yeast episomal plasmid. This system based on the URA3 gene worked well by observing the growth phenotype and did not require the disruption of cap‐dependent initiation factors. The fluorescence intensity of strains expressing the yEGFP3 gene increased and drifted after mutagenesis. Combined with flow cytometry, cells with higher GFP level were sorted out. A strain showed 58% improvement in RNA content and exhibited no sequence alteration in the whole expression cassette introduced. This study provides a novel strategy for breeding high‐nucleic‐acid content yeasts.
Association of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder with diabetes mellitus in US adults
Authors: Xu Guifeng , Liu Buyun , Yang Wenhan , Snetselaar Linda G. , Jing Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood‐onset neurodevelopmental disorder that usually persists into adulthood. However, limited evidence is available regarding its influence on adult health outcomes beyond neuropsychiatric comorbidities. This study aimed to examine the association of ADHD with diabetes in US adults.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a leading health survey of a nationally representative sample in the United States. We included adults aged 20‐79 years who participated in the NHIS 2007 and 2012. Physician‐diagnosed ADHD and diabetes were reported during an in‐person household interview. Logistic regression with survey sampling weights was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of diabetes.ResultsThis analysis included 52 821 adults (weighted mean age 45.5 years; 48.6% males). Among them, 1642 participants reported a diagnosis of ADHD and 4631 reported a diagnosis of diabetes. In the multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, family income level, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and body mass index, the OR of diabetes among adults with ADHD vs those without ADHD was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.16‐2.04). In the stratified analyses, the significant association of ADHD with diabetes remained in most strata, and the associations were not significantly modified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or obesity status.ConclusionsIn a nationally representative sample of US adults, we found a significant association between a history of ADHD diagnosis and diabetes.
Clinical manifestations, clinical course, and outcomes of immunoglobulin G4‐related disease
Authors: Phaopraphat Kamonchanok , Ngamjanyaporn Pintip , Narongroeknawin Pongthorn , Kasitanon Nuntana , Katchamart Wanruchada 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is an uncommon chronic systemic autoimmune disease, pathologically characterized by lymphoplasma cell and IgG4 plasma cell infiltration with storiform fibrosis. IgG4‐RD is a new disease and is not yet widely recognized. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes in Thai patients with IgG4‐RD.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with IgG4‐RD, according to the 2011 comprehensive or consensus diagnostic criteria, between 2000 and 2019 in four academic centers in Thailand. Baseline characteristics, laboratory and pathologic findings, treatments, and outcomes were systematically reviewed.ResultsThe study included 110 patients (71% male) with a mean age (SD) of 59.6 (13.3) years and median disease duration (interquartile range [IQR]) of 28.8 (14.6‐53.5) months. Single organ involvement was observed in 60 patients (54.5%). Most patients (96%) had an IgG4 level of more than 135 mg/dL at presentation. Also, most (92%) were treated with corticosteroid (CS) alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents. The most commonly used immunosuppressive agents were azathioprine (47%) and methotrexate (11%). Additionally, 20% required surgery, and 6.4% underwent stent insertion. One‐quarter (26%), 37%, and 29% were in remission with successfully tapering CS, complete and partial response. Nevertheless, 22% relapsed, with a median time to relapse (IQR) of 22.2 (12.8‐41.1) months.ConclusionIgG4‐RD is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations, response to treatment, and outcomes. Most patients responded well to treatments but with a notable relapse rate.
Preemption contests between groups
Authors: Barbieri Stefano , Konrad Kai A. , Malueg David A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider a preemption game between competing groups; firms lobbying individually for their groups' interests provide an empirical example. Among symmetric groups, the first firm to take action bears an (unobserved) cost and wins the prize on behalf of its group. In equilibrium, the firm with the lowest cost takes action, but with delay. More competition and a smaller ratio of costs to benefits reduce delay. Firms in larger groups wait longer, but group action can occur earlier, as the probability of a low‐cost firm is higher. Asymmetries in group size or strength of externalities also matter.
Sorting and gene mutation verification of circulating tumor cells of lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor peptide lipid magnetic spheres
Authors: Wang Sheng‐guang , Zhang Bin , Li Chen‐guang , Zhu Jian‐quan , Sun Bing‐sheng , Wang Chang‐li 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify an efficient, simple, and specific method of detecting mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in isolated lung cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and to improve the ability to obtain tumor tissue clinically.MethodsEGFR peptide lipid magnetic spheres (EG‐P‐LMB) were prepared by reverse evaporation, and characterization and cell capture efficiency assessed. The peripheral blood samples of 30 lung cancer patients were isolated and identified with the EG‐P‐LMB using 20 healthy volunteers as controls. Finally, the isolated CTCs were tested for EGFR gene mutations, and the tissue samples selected for comparison.ResultsThe prepared magnetic spheres had a smaller particle size and higher stability according to the particle size potential test. Their morphology was homogeneous by atomic force observation, and the UV test showed that there were peptides on the surface. The separation efficiency of EG‐P‐LMB was greater than 90% in PBS and greater than 80% in the blood simulation system. Compared with the tissue sample results, the positive rate of EGFR gene mutations was 94%. The CTC test results of 27 patients were consistent with the tissue test results of the corresponding patients, and the consistency with the tissue comparison test results was 90% (27/30).ConclusionsEG‐P‐LMB can effectively capture CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer. CTC detection can accurately identify mutations in the EGFR gene and improve the ability to obtain tumor tissue in clinical practice.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyEG‐P‐LMB can effectively capture CTCs in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer. CTC detection can accurately identify mutations in the EGFR gene and improve the ability to obtain tumor tissue in clinical practice.What this study addsThis study added EGFR peptide lipid magnetic spheres to capture CTCs in the blood. Genetic testing was performed and compared with tissues. It solves the problem of clinically difficult tumor tissue sampling.
Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income for the Canadian Market*
Authors: Djaballah Abderrahmane , Fortin Anne 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe value relevance of comprehensive income (CI) compared to net income (NI) remains unresolved. We look at this issue in the Canadian market, using association methods to determine the value relevance of reporting CI and other comprehensive income (OCI) components for stock prices and returns. The sample consists of all the firms in the S&P/TSX Composite Index that prepared their financial statements according to Canadian standards or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) over the 2008–2016 period. Although we find no evidence that CI is more value relevant than NI for stock prices and returns, we note that some OCI components are incrementally value relevant beyond NI for both amounts. In addition, financial services firms differ from other companies in terms of the relationships between some of their OCI components and prices or returns, with such firms even driving some relationships. Relationships between OCI components and prices or returns are also affected when data from the financial crisis period are excluded, with some relationships even changing after IFRS adoption. These results inform Canadian standard setters and financial statement users that OCI components are decision useful for the Canadian market.
Accuracy of ultrasound to measure the cricoid cartilage diameter in children
Authors: Hao Jianhong , Zhang Jie , Wu Zanqing , Cai Wenbo , Dong Buhuai , Luo Zhenguo 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundUltrasonography is used to pre‐operatively predict the endotracheal tube size required for intubation by measuring the cricoid cartilage diameter. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of ultrasound measurements of the transverse diameters of the cricoid cartilage in children.MethodsWe examined 50 children who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at the HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, from February 2019 to December 2019. Each child underwent MRI and ultrasound scans for measurement of the transverse diameters of the cricoid cartilage. The data measured by each technique were compared using Bland‐Altman analysis and linear regression analysis.ResultsResults of linear regression and Bland‐Altman analysis showed strong correlation in the level of agreement between MRI and ultrasound measurements (r = 0.94, P < .001). The estimated bias was 0.11 mm; precision, 0.25 mm; and the limit of agreement, −0.47 to 0.70 mm.ConclusionUltrasound is a reliable tool for measuring the transverse diameters of the cricoid cartilage in children.
Programmed intermittent boluses vs continuous epidural infusion in labor using an adrenaline containing solution: A randomized trial
Authors: Haidl Felix , Arne Rosseland Leiv , Rørvik Anne‐Marte , Dahl Vegard 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundTraditionally, epidural analgesia has been maintained using a continuous infusion (CEI) with the addition of patient‐controlled boluses (PCEA). In recent years, programmed intermittent boluses (PIEB) has emerged as an alternative showing better efficacy in randomized studies. In this study, the aim was to test PIEB + PCEA vs CEI + PCEA using an epidural solution containing adrenaline.MethodsIn total, 150 nulliparous and multiparous laboring women were randomized to maintain epidural analgesia with either PIEB + PCEA (5 ml bolus every hour, 5 ml PCEA bolus lockout 20 minutes) or CEI + PCEA (5 ml/h, 5 ml PCEA bolus, lockout 20 minutes) using a solution of bupivacaine 1mg/ml, fentanyl 2 mcg/ml and adrenaline 2 mcg/ml. The primary outcome was total hourly consumption of the epidural solution. Secondary outcomes included hourly pain scores, motor block at 60 minutes and 10 cm cervical dilation, maternal satisfaction, and the need for anesthetist intervention and time to this intervention.ResultsWe found no differences in hourly drug consumption between the groups (mean 9.0 ml/h (SD 3.7) (CEI group) vs. 8.1 ml/h (SD 2.0) (PIEB group), P = .08). We found a significant difference in number of successfully administered PCEA boluses (mean no. 3.9 (SD 4.1) (CEI group) vs. 1.9 (SD 2.0) (PIEB group), P < .001). We found no significant differences in pain score, motor block, maternal satisfaction and the need for anesthetist intervention.ConclusionIn this study, we found no clinically relevant differences using PIEB + PCEA compared to CEI + PCEA when using an epidural solution containing adrenaline.Editorial CommentFor labor epidural analgesia infusions, to optimize the analgesic effect, additional programmed intermittent boluses can be used as an alternative to patient‐controlled boluses only. In this clinical trial, no differences in drug consumption or analgesic effect was observed when comparing these two different epidural bolus controls programs.
GSK3‐ARC/Arg3.1 and GSK3‐Wnt signaling axes trigger amyloid‐β accumulation and neuroinflammation in middle‐aged Shugoshin 1 mice
Authors: Rao Chinthalapally V. , Farooqui Mudassir , Madhavaram Avanish , Zhang Yuting , Asch Adam S. , Yamada Hiroshi Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe cerebral amyloid‐β accumulation that begins in middle age is considered the critical triggering event in the pathogenesis of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). However, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. The Shugoshin 1 (Sgo1−/+) mouse model, a model for mitotic cohesinopathy‐genomic instability that is observed in human AD at a higher rate, showed spontaneous accumulation of amyloid‐β in the brain at old age. With the model, novel insights into the molecular mechanism of LOAD development are anticipated. In this study, the initial appearance of cerebral amyloid‐β accumulation was determined as 15‐18 months of age (late middle age) in the Sgo1−/+ model. The amyloid‐β accumulation was associated with unexpected GSK3α/β inactivation, Wnt signaling activation, and ARC/Arg3.1 accumulation, suggesting involvement of both the GSK3‐Arc/Arg3.1 axis and the GSK3‐Wnt axis. As observed in human AD brains, neuroinflammation with IFN‐γ expression occurred with amyloid‐β accumulation and was pronounced in the aged (24‐month‐old) Sgo1−/+ model mice. AD‐relevant protein panels (oxidative stress defense, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and β‐oxidation and peroxisome) analysis indicated (a) early increases in Pdk1 and Phb in middle‐aged Sgo1−/+ brains, and (b) misregulations in 32 proteins among 130 proteins tested in old age. Thus, initial amyloid‐β accumulation in the Sgo1−/+ model is suggested to be triggered by GSK3 inactivation and the resulting Wnt activation and ARC/Arg3.1 accumulation. The model displayed characteristics and affected pathways similar to those of human LOAD including neuroinflammation, demonstrating its potential as a study tool for the LOAD development mechanism and for preclinical AD drug research and development.
Indications for Computed Tomography in Older Adult Patients With Minor Head Injury in the Emergency Department
Authors: Mori Kosuke , Abe Takeru , Matsumoto Jun , Takahashi Kohei , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOlder age is a risk factor for intracranial injury after head trauma, and computed tomography (CT) is generally recommended. We aimed to develop a clinical prediction rule for risk stratification to avoid CT head imaging in older adult patients with minor head injury, named Computed Tomography of the Head for the patients at Advanced age (CTHEAD).This was a single‐center observational study in Japan that used retrospective chart review data to service a prediction rule that was prospectively validated. Patients aged ≥ 65 years who presented to our emergency department with a chief complaint of head trauma and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of ≥13 were eligible. Patients were excluded if they had GCS score < 13, anticoagulant therapy, focal neurologic symptoms, posttraumatic seizures, penetrating injury, evident depressed fracture, unknown mechanism, or CT not undertaken. The primary outcome was acute traumatic lesion on head CT.We screened 1,494 patients; 538 were included in the derivation cohort, and 580, in the validation cohort. Multivariable analysis of the derivation group found that high‐risk mechanisms of injury, vomiting, witnessed loss of consciousness, and anterograde amnesia were significantly associated with traumatic head findings on CT. A clinical prediction rule was developed from these four risk factors. The negative predictive value (NPV) of the absence of the four components was 95.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 92.9% to 96.7%), and the positive predictive value (PPV) of one or more risk factors was 20.6% (95% CI = 17.3% to 24.4%). The rule was validated prospectively with an NPV of zero risk factors of 94.5% (95% CI = 92.4% to 96.1%) and a PPV of one or more risk factors of 15.9% (95% CI = 13.0% to 19.3%). Fifty‐three (9.1%) patients in the validation cohort experienced the primary outcome.The results suggest that older adult patients with minor head injury may forgo head CT if they do not have high‐risk mechanisms of injury, vomiting, witnessed loss of consciousness, or anterograde amnesia. External validation of this rule is needed.
Interoceptive signaling in alcohol cognitive biases: Role of family history and alliesthetic components
Authors: Leganes‐Fonteneau Mateo , Buckman Jennifer , Pawlak Anthony , Vaschillo Bronya , Vaschillo Evgeny , Bates Marsha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe role of interoceptive signals in the development of cognitive biases for drug‐related cues has been hypothesized in the past; however, experimental evidence is lacking. This report examined the relationship between physiological responses and memories for alcohol cues. Participants (n = 158) were categorized as having either a positive or negative family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). They were assigned to an alcohol, placebo, or control beverage condition to which they were blinded. All participants were presented with alcohol, neutral, and emotional cues. Heart rate variability (HRV) at 0.1 Hz, as an index of viscero‐afferent reactivity, and in the high‐frequency range was measured during picture‐cue exposure. Participants then completed free recall and repetition priming tasks to assess memories for previously presented stimuli. Participants with a positive family history (FHP) for AUD who received an alcohol beverage displayed a positive relationship between 0.1 Hz HRV and free recall. This effect was specific to alcohol cues, highlighting the relevance of physiological signals in the development of alcohol cognitive biases. These results support the hypothesis of a coordinated brain‐body interaction in the development of drug‐related behaviors. FHP as an AUD risk factor may increase the mapping of physiological responses onto cognitive biases for alcohol cues. Increased ratings of subjective intoxication dampened this relationship, suggesting that perceived bodily states may modulate incentive salience processes. This report provides novel evidence for the involvement of interoceptive signals in addictive processes, setting a precedent for the exploration of brain‐body interactions in the study of alcohol cognitive biases.