bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilations of q-Commuting Unitaries
Authors: Gerhold Malte , Moshe Shalit Orr 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Let $q = e^{i \theta } \in \mathbb{T}$ (where $\theta \in \mathbb{R}$), and let $u,v$ be $q$-commuting unitaries, that is, $u$ and $v$ are unitaries such that $vu = quv$. In this paper, we find the optimal constant $c = c_{\theta }$ such that $u,v$ can be dilated to a pair of operators $c U, c V$, where $U$ and $V$ are commuting unitaries. We show that $$\begin{equation*} c_{\theta} = \frac{4}{\|u_{\theta}+u_{\theta}^*+v_{\theta}+v_{\theta}^*\|}, \end{equation*}$$where $u_{\theta }, v_{\theta }$ are the universal $q$-commuting pair of unitaries, and we give numerical estimates for the above quantity. In the course of our proof, we also consider dilating $q$-commuting unitaries to scalar multiples of $q^{\prime}$-commuting unitaries. The techniques that we develop allow us to give new and simple “dilation theoretic” proofs of well-known results regarding the continuity of the field of rotations algebras. In particular, for the so-called “almost Mathieu operator” $h_{\theta } = u_{\theta }+u_{\theta }^*+v_{\theta }+v_{\theta }^*$, we recover the fact that the norm $\|h_{\theta }\|$ is a Lipschitz continuous function of $\theta $, as well as the result that the spectrum $\sigma (h_{\theta })$ is a $\frac{1}{2}$-Hölder continuous function in $\theta $ with respect to the Hausdorff metric. In fact, we obtain this Hölder continuity of the spectrum for every self-adjoint *-polynomial $p(u_{\theta },v_{\theta })$, which in turn endows the rotation algebras with the natural structure of a continuous field of C*-algebras.
Correlates and Timing of Reproductive Aging Transitions in a Global Cohort of Midlife Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Insights From the REPRIEVE Trial
Authors: Zanni Markella V , Currier Judith S , Kantor Amy , Smeaton Laura , Rivard Corinne , Taron Jana , Burdo Tricia H , Badal-Faesen Sharlaa , Lalloo Umesh G , Pinto Jorge A , Samaneka Wadzanai , Valencia Javier , Klingman Karin , Allston-Smith Beverly , Cooper-Arnold Katharine , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice , Lu Michael T , Fitch Kathleen V , Hoffman Udo , Grinspoon Steven K , Douglas Pamela S , Looby Sara E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundReproductive aging may contribute to cardiometabolic comorbid conditions. We integrated data on gynecologic history with levels of an ovarian reserve marker (anti-müllerian hormone [AMH)] to interrogate reproductive aging patterns and associated factors among a subset of cisgender women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) enrolled in the REPRIEVE trial.MethodsA total of 1449 WWH were classified as premenopausal (n = 482) (menses within 12 months; AMH level ≥20 pg/mL; group 1), premenopausal with reduced ovarian reserve (n = 224) (menses within 12 months; AMH &lt;20 pg/mL; group 2), or postmenopausal (n = 743) (no menses within12 months; AMH &lt;20 pg/mL; group 3). Proportional odds models, adjusted for chronologic age, were used to investigate associations of cardiometabolic and demographic parameters with reproductive aging milestones (AMH &lt;20 pg/mL or &gt;12 months of amenorrhea). Excluding WWH with surgical menopause, age at final menstrual period was summarized for postmenopausal WWH (group 3) and estimated among all WWH (groups 1–3) using an accelerated failure-time model.ResultsCardiometabolic and demographic parameters associated with advanced reproductive age (controlling for chronologic age) included waist circumference (&gt;88 vs ≤88 cm) (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.80; P = .02), hemoglobin (≥12 vs &lt;12 g/dL) (2.32; 1.71–3.14; P &lt; .01), and region of residence (sub-Saharan Africa [1.50; 1.07–2.11; P = .02] and Latin America and the Caribbean [1.59; 1.08–2.33; P = .02], as compared with World Health Organization Global Burden of Disease high-income regions). The median age (Q1, Q3) at the final menstrual period was 48 (45, 51) years when described among postmenopausal WWH, and either 49 (46, 52) or 50 (47, 53) years when estimated among all WWH, depending on censoring strategy.ConclusionsAmong WWH in the REPRIEVE trial, more advanced reproductive age is associated with metabolic dysregulation and region of residence. Additional research on age at menopause among WWH is needed.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT0234429.
Efficient interlayer charge release for high-performance layered thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhu Hao , Li Zhou , Zhao Chenxi , Li Xingxing , Yang Jinlong , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Many layered superlattice materials intrinsically possess large Seebeck coefficient and low lattice thermal conductivity, but poor electrical conductivity because of the interlayer transport barrier for charges, which has become a stumbling block for achieving high thermoelectric performance. Herein, taking BiCuSeO superlattice as an example, it is demonstrated that efficient interlayer charge release can increase carrier concentration, thereby activating multiple Fermi pockets through Bi/Cu dual vacancies and Pb codoping. Experimental results reveal that the extrinsic charges, which are introduced by Pb and initially trapped in the charge-reservoir [Bi2O2]2+ sublayers, are effectively released into [Cu2Se2]2− sublayers via the channels bridged by Bi/Cu dual vacancies. This efficient interlayer charge release endows dual-vacancy- and Pb-codoped BiCuSeO with increased carrier concentration and electrical conductivity. Moreover, with increasing carrier concentration, the Fermi level is pushed down, activating multiple converged valence bands, which helps to maintain a relatively high Seebeck coefficient and yield an enhanced power factor. As a result, a high ZT value of ∼1.4 is achieved at 823 K in codoped Bi0.90Pb0.06Cu0.96SeO, which is superior to that of pristine BiCuSeO and solely doped samples. The present findings provide prospective insights into the exploration of high-performance thermoelectric materials and the underlying transport physics.
Living Art
Authors: Andrew Nell 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the second decade of the twentieth century, the Belgian dancer Akarova created performances that contemporary artists alternately termed “music architecture,” “living geometry,” and “pure plastics.” This chapter follows Akarova’s production during the years of the Belgian avant-garde movement “plastique pure” and its champion journal, 7 Arts (1922–1929), when Akarova’s dance helped to expand the scope of an isolated Belgian avant-garde by offering the country’s first abstract artists a glimpse of a utilitarian, applied art that could be embodied and felt, offering a model of kinesthetic activation and self-projection into the spaces of art.
Faith and Family
Authors: Denton Melinda Lundquist , Flory Richard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on family as a key institutional setting within which religion and spirituality are formed. The authors explore how marriage and parenthood are tied to religiousness among the young people in the study. The authors first investigate the role of religion in leading young people to six different family pathways: married with children, married without children, cohabiting with children, cohabiting without children, single with children, and single without children. They then examine how these different stages of family formation affect the religious lives of the young people in the study. Of particular interest is the question of whether marriage and parenthood contribute to higher rates of religious retention among emerging adults.
Introduction
Authors: Messac Luke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This introduction explores the assumption, present in both the global public health literature and the historiography of biomedicine in Africa, that a low gross domestic product (GDP) is a sufficient explanation for woefully inadequate public-sector health care. This assumption is a product of colonial and postcolonial regimes, which sought to portray scarcity as an inevitable, inescapable fact, even as resources were being spent elsewhere. The arguments used to justify low levels of health-care spending, and the consequences of such paltry expenditures, are the focus of the rest of this work.
Introduction
Authors: Barney William L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sectional tensions over slavery persisted since the writing of the Constitution and exploded into secession and the Civil War in 1860–61. The resistance to slavery of African Americans, both enslaved and free, prodded the consciences of enough Northern whites to produce the abolition movement and emerge as a political force in its own right. Southerners recognized that the morality of slavery was at the heart of the issue and sought in vain to make Northerners acknowledge slavery as a morally just institution and allow it to grow and expand. The Northern refusal to do so fueled the rise of the Republican Party and split the Democratic Party at its national convention in the spring of 1860, setting the stage for the election of Abraham Lincoln and the outbreak of the secession crisis.
Modeling Maritime Dynamics
Authors: Leidwanger Justin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis chapter outlines the theoretical background and methodology adopted to construct an archaeological model of maritime interaction. After problematizing concepts of regionalism, the discussion draws on maritime landscape studies to embrace the diverse geographies and temporalities of different seaborne mobilities that integrated communities around maritime space. To organize this material record of diverse seafaring practices, the analysis turns to conceptual approaches and formal modeling tools of networks. These provide the framework for a multiscalar model of maritime interaction that unfolds over the next chapters.
How Myths and Misconceptions Have Shaped Our World
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In How Myths and Misconceptions Have Shaped Our World, the authors highlight differences between theories and myths. As a constantly evolving field, psychotherapy is not alone in the attachment to idea that lack an evidentiary basis, which also occur in other fields such as medicine, economics, and anthropology. Many of the traditions in psychotherapy stem from philosophy. Other myths might simply be a result of bad research or biased, core, personal beliefs. The authors provide an overview of discredited or partially discredited therapies that continue to pervade the field today. The challenge for therapists is to be open to the idea of challenging preconceptions and core beliefs, particularly when evidence counter to core beliefs is introduced.
Who Are the Most Exceptional Clinicians?
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Who Are the Most Exceptional Clinicians? the authors dispute the assumption that the great writers and theorists were also great clinicians. If fame and notoriety do not make a great therapist, then what does? The effectiveness of the core conditions are highlighted, as well as personal characteristics, such as charisma, relational skills, knowledge and wisdom, and other personal qualities that often get little exposure in mental health literature, such as being fully present in therapy, the presence of a strong moral code, sensitivity, flexibility, and honoring the complexity of the individual. Ultimately, successful therapy is likely more dependent on therapists finding their own voice, as opposed to emulating a famous icon, who may have never been that good in the first place.
Last Chapter, But Not the End
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Last Chapter but Not the End, the authors discuss the difficulty of changing beliefs. Change is inevitable and occurs due to the mere passage of time or from seminal life moments, traumatic events, or advances in medicine and technology, to name a few. Though how therapy occurs and what people seek help for might change, it is unlikely that therapists will become obsolete. Nevertheless, it is incumbent upon therapist to maintain knowledge of trends in the field and flexibility to providing care. Moreover, therapists need to able to discern what is real and pertinent to client care and what is myth. Therapists are essential and overall effective, but not necessarily for the reasons they think. Research is not as good as what was once believed; complex problems rarely have simple solutions, and the curative factors of therapy likely occur through the context of the relationship between the client and counselor and not some superficial theory or technique.
“They killed a bunch of black kids”
Authors: Bristow Nancy K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Following the shootings at Jackson State College, students, police, government officials, and reporters fought for control of the story. Three primary narratives emerged. The first one accurately understood the shootings as another example of state violence against African Americans. The second sympathized with the victims, but emphasized their identity as students, linking the shootings at Jackson State and Kent State ten days earlier. A third counter-narrative, a racially infused account focused on law and order, blamed the young people at Jackson State for the violence. These narratives influenced the investigations, commissions, and legal proceedings, where the competing understandings had tangible stakes. A mayor’s bi-racial committee and the President’s Commission on Campus Unrest both demonstrated substantial understanding of the racialized causes of the shootings but had no legal standing. Alternatively, federal and county grand juries used the law and order narrative to demonize the students as criminals and justify the shootings.
“Largely unknown to the American public”
Authors: Bristow Nancy K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The tragedy at Jackson State never gained the traction the Kent State shootings did. The public was informed about the story due to significant coverage in major media. The investigations, grand juries, and trial continually returned the events to the public eye. Nevertheless, the episode did not gain a place in the nation’s public memory. Chapter 6 explores the twin processes of remembering and forgetting the shootings, especially the important role played by attitudes about race and its meaning in determining their course. Struggling to protect the memory of the Jackson State shootings, many people framed those who died as martyrs to the cause of racial justice. However, a white liberal preference for the student narrative, which allowed the negation of race, facilitated the nation’s public amnesia about Jackson State. A simplistic narrative of racial progress in which the shootings made a better future possible also facilitated the amnesia.
The Business of Scholarly Publishing
Authors: Greco Albert N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This is a detailed analysis of the business of the scholarly publishing of books, journals, preprints, and various scholarly publications in institutional repositories in the United States. Drawing on an extensive review of the literature and statistical sources, the book examines the changing environment of scholarly publishing and the product, price, placement, promotion, and costs (including some profit and loss statements) of scholarly books and journals. Special attention is paid to the history and development of scholarly books and journals; intellectual property issues, including the development of the US copyright law and infringement issues of Sci-Hub; an author’s contract; and the impact of technology (including open access) on books and journals. The book also discusses how scholarly publishers are trying to manage in what are turbulent times. The book contains extensive notes, book and journal statistical tables, and figures.
Art & Science in the Choral Rehearsal
Authors: Paul Sharon J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, cognitive neuroscience research has increased our understanding of how the brain learns, retains, and recalls information. At the same time, social psychology researchers have developed insights into group dynamics, exploring what motivates individuals in a group to give their full effort, or conversely, what might instead inspire them to become freeloaders. This book explores the idea that choral conductors who better understand how the brain learns, and how individuals within groups function, can lead more efficient, productive, and enjoyable rehearsals. Armed with this knowledge, conductors can create rehearsal techniques which take advantage of certain fundamental brain and social psychology principles. Through such approaches, singers will become increasingly engaged physically and mentally in the rehearsal process. This book draws from a range of scientific studies to suggest and encourage effective, evidence-based techniques, and can help serve to reset and inspire new approaches toward teaching. Each chapter outlines exercises and creative ideas for conductors and music teachers, including the importance of embedding problem solving into rehearsal, the use of multiple entry points for newly acquired information, techniques to encourage an emotional connection to the music, and ways to incorporate writing exercises into rehearsal. Additional topics include brain-compatible teaching strategies to complement thorough score study, the science behind motivation, the role imagination plays in teaching, the psychology of rehearsal, and conducting tips and advice. All of these brain-friendly strategies serve to encourage singers’ active participation in rehearsals, with the goal of motivating beautiful, inspired, and memorable performances.
Conducting Tips
Authors: Paul Sharon J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since efficient and communicative gesture enhances good rehearsal technique, this chapter presents twelve conducting tips to encourage an extensive and varied gestural vocabulary, with the goal of eliciting a full range of expressive responses from singers. Additionally, the chapter explores implications for conductors of the “chameleon effect,” the tendency of people to unintentionally mimic the behaviors and expressions of others. From postural alignment to the shape of their lip position, research has shown that singers will unknowingly imitate a conductor’s physical behaviors. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the pros and cons of conducting concerts completely from memory.
Social Pedagogy and Socio-educational Work with Young People
Authors: Úcar Xavier 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The literature on social pedagogy has highlighted the difficulty for those in English-speaking contexts to gain a precise picture of social pedagogy due to its relatively recent incorporation into social work in English-speaking countries, where pedagogy has always referred to teaching–learning processes. In this chapter, social pedagogy is introduced as a theoretical and methodological perspective to work with people of any age, but specifically with the young. The theoretical traditions of social pedagogy in Europe and the diverse ways to professionalize in different countries are presented first. Next, the chapter analyzes the current characterization of social pedagogy and the main issues still pending. The chapter concludes by presenting the principals of social pedagogy when working with youngsters.
Socio-educational Youth Policies in Europe
Authors: Soler-Masó Pere 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines what consideration young people in Europe deserve and some of the sociological data that characterize this group, highlighting the existence of a growing inequality among this segment of the population. The chapter presents an approach to evolving youth policy across Europe and outlines the most relevant actions promoted by the European Union, including those that have been the subject of debate or controversy. Finally, the chapter addresses the role of social pedagogy in youth policies. Youth work is viewed as an eminently educational endeavor, and the chapter highlights the importance of socio-educational policies in all youth policies, insofar as they offer opportunities for young people to develop as individuals and provide tools for them to shape their place in society, become autonomous, and contribute to advancing the community.
Ethics and Professional Deontology in Socio-educational Youth Work
Authors: Vilar Martín Jesús , Bargalló Gisela Riberas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In recent years, socio-educational professions have experienced a qualitative leap in the development of their epistemological, scientific, and technical foundations. One important aspect of this is a reflection on the ethical dimension of their activities. This chapter first considers the linkage between the Convention on the Rights of the Child, ethics, and social education. It then explores the difficulties that professionals encounter when incorporating their ethical commitment into their working practice, and it seeks to show that although the proliferation of declarative documents in the form of deontological codes may be of value in defining a unitary position, these documents do not constitute an effective approach to the real situations of moral conflict in which socio-educational professionals find themselves in their day-to-day practice. Finally, the chapter proposes a number of operational criteria and training proposals with a view to constructing applied ethics in work with adolescents and young people.
The Challenges of Social Inclusion for Young People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Pallisera Maria , Fullana Judit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Despite the progress that has been made regarding their rights, people with intellectual disabilities still experience many difficulties with regard to social inclusion. This chapter analyzes the main challenges currently facing social pedagogy as both a discipline and a practice that must contribute to strengthening social inclusion processes for young people with intellectual disabilities. Based on different international research projects that have collected the views of young people with intellectual disabilities regarding difficulties and barriers they encounter in relation to their inclusion in education, work, the community, and in building their life pathways (emancipation and living with a partner), this chapter reflects on the role of social organizations, professionals, and the university with regard to working toward the inclusion of these young people and the implications this has for social pedagogy.
Water Security and Human Rights
Authors: Larson Rhett B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There is a growing movement in both international human rights law and within domestic national constitutions to recognize water as a human right. In this movement, the human right to water is almost exclusively formulated as a positive right—an obligation on the government to provide a minimum quantity and quality of affordable water. However, this formulation can be interpreted and implemented in ways that frustrate goals of water sustainability, because water may be underpriced as a human right. This chapter describes the history and evolution of the human right to water and proposes reforms to encourage its sustainable implementation.