bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast charge dynamics and photoluminescence in bilayer MoS2
Authors: Ud Din Naseem , Turkowski Volodymyr , Rahman Talat S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our examination of the interplay of ultrafast charge dynamics and electron–phonon interaction in the AA′ stacked bilayer MoS2 provides a microscopic basis for understanding the features (two peaks) in the emission spectrum. We demonstrate that while the initial accumulation of excited charge occurs at and near the Q point of the two-dimensional Brillioun zone, emission takes place predominantly through two pathways: direct charge recombination at the K point and indirect phonon-assisted recombination of electrons at the

K

valley and holes at the

Γ

hill of the Brillouin zone. Analysis of the wave vector dependencies of the electron–phonon interaction traces the higher energy peak to phonon-assisted relaxation of the excited electrons from the Q to the K valley in the conduction band. Our results thus reveal the importance of ultrafast charge dynamics in understanding photoemissive properties of a few-layer transition-metal dichalcogenide. These calculations are based on time dependent density functional theory in the density matrix formulation.
Preparation of CuO/HZSM-5 catalyst based on fly ash and its catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol, quinoline and indole
Authors: Liu Yong , Lu Hao , Wang Guodong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work aims to use fly ash and the organic template of tetrapropyl ammonium bromide (TPABr) to synthesize the catalyst carrier of HZSM-5 and prepare the catalyst of CuO/HZSM-5 for catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous solution. The carrier and the catalyst were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests and the results indicate HZSM-5 zeolite and CuO/HZSM-5 catalyst have been successfully synthesized. The specific surface area of catalysts with copper loading from 0 to 15% decreased from 310.1 m2 g−1 to 253.8 m2 g−1. The results of catalyst performance showed that the catalyst of CuO/HZSM-5 with copper loading of 10% has the best removal effect on the mixed aqueous solution containing phenol, quinoline and indole. When the total concentrations of phenol, quinoline and indole are 200 mg.l−1 (namely 120 mg phenol·l−1, 60 mg quinoline·l−1 and 20 mg indole·l−1), the catalyst with the copper loading of 10% can remove these organic matters with 100% efficiency after reaction for 4 h at 200 °C and the COD removal rate is more than 75%. Under the same experimental conditions, if the reaction temperature drops to 120 °C, the COD removal rate will rise to 86.2%. The CWAO experiments showed the optimum reaction temperature range for the Cu-10% catalyst is from 120 °C to 150 °C.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Subway Use and COVID-19 Outcomes in New York City
Authors: Sy Karla Therese L , Martinez Micaela E , Rader Benjamin , White Laura F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using data from New York City from January 2020 to April 2020, we found an estimated 28-day lag between the onset of reduced subway use and the end of the exponential growth period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 within New York City boroughs. We also conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the associations between human mobility (i.e., subway ridership) on the week of April 11, 2020, sociodemographic factors, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence as of April 26, 2020. Areas with lower median income, a greater percentage of individuals who identify as non-White and/or Hispanic/Latino, a greater percentage of essential workers, and a greater percentage of health-care essential workers had more mobility during the pandemic. When adjusted for the percentage of essential workers, these associations did not remain, suggesting essential work drives human movement in these areas. Increased mobility and all sociodemographic variables (except percentage of people older than 75 years old and percentage of health-care essential workers) were associated with a higher rate of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people, when adjusted for testing effort. Our study demonstrates that the most socially disadvantaged not only are at an increased risk for COVID-19 infection, they lack the privilege to fully engage in social distancing interventions.
In Their Own Words: Thomas Lovejoy
Authors: Verdier James M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Their Own Words chronicles the stories of scientists who have made great contributions to their fields. These short histories provide our readers a way to learn from and share their experiences. Each month, we will publish in the pages of BioScience and on our podcast, BioScience Talks (http://bioscienceaibs.libsyn.com), the results of these conversations. This history is with Thomas Lovejoy, professor at George Mason University, in Fairfax, Virginia, in the United States, explorer at large with the National Geographic Society, and senior fellow at the United Nations Foundation. He is also a past president of AIBS.
Note: Both the text and audio versions have been edited for clarity and length.
Lysophosphatidic acid mediated PI3K/Akt activation contributed to esophageal squamous cell cancer progression
Authors: Liu Si , Jiang Haiyan , Min Li , Ning Tingting , Xu Junxuan , Wang Tiange , Wang Xingyu , Zhang Qian , Cao Ruizhen , Zhang Shutian , Zhu Shengtao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its G-protein-coupled receptors (Lpar1–Lpar6) mediate a plethora of activities associated with cancer growth and progression. However, there is no systematic study about whether and how LPA promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we show that autotaxin (ATX), a primary LPA-producing enzyme, is highly expressed in ESCC, and overexpressed ATX is associated with the poor outcome of ESCC patients. Meanwhile, the expression of Lpar1 was much higher in ESCC cells compared with Het-1a (human esophagus normal epithelial cells). Functional experiments showed that LPA remarkably increased the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. Furthermore, Lpar1 knockdown abolished the effect of LPA on ESCC cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that LPA promoted ESCC cell lines proliferation and migration through PI3K/Akt pathway. Treatment of KYSE30 cell xenografts with Lpar1 inhibitor BMS-986020 significantly repressed tumor growth. Our results shed light on the important role of LPA in ESCC, and Lpar1 might be a potential treatment target for ESCC.
An empirical study of ransomware attacks on organizations: an assessment of severity and salient factors affecting vulnerability
Authors: Yuryna Connolly Lena , Wall David S , Lang Michael , Oddson Bruce 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study looks at the experiences of organizations that have fallen victim to ransomware attacks. Using quantitative and qualitative data of 55 ransomware cases drawn from 50 organizations in the UK and North America, we assessed the severity of the crypto-ransomware attacks experienced and looked at various factors to test if they had an influence on the degree of severity. An organization’s size was found to have no effect on the degree of severity of the attack, but the sector was found to be relevant, with private sector organizations feeling the pain much more severely than those in the public sector. Moreover, an organization’s security posture influences the degree of severity of a ransomware attack. We did not find that the attack target (i.e. human or machine) or the crypto-ransomware propagation class had any significant bearing on the severity of the outcome, but attacks that were purposefully directed at specific victims wreaked more damage than opportunistic ones.
De novo genome assembly of two tomato ancestors, Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum
lycopersicum var. cerasiforme, by long-read sequencing
Authors: Takei Hitomi , Shirasawa Kenta , Kuwabara Kosuke , Toyoda Atsushi , Matsuzawa Yuma , Iioka Shinji , Ariizumi Tohru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The ancestral tomato species are known to possess genes that are valuable for improving traits in breeding. Here, we aimed to construct high-quality de novo genome assemblies of Solanum pimpinellifolium ‘LA1670’ and S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme ‘LA1673’, originating from Peru. The Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long-read sequences with 110× and 104× coverages were assembled and polished to generate 244 and 202 contigs spanning 808.8 Mbp for ‘LA1670’ and 804.5 Mbp for ‘LA1673’, respectively. After chromosome-level scaffolding with reference guiding, 14 scaffold sequences corresponding to 12 tomato chromosomes and 2 unassigned sequences were constructed. High-quality genome assemblies were confirmed using the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs and long terminal repeat assembly index. The protein-coding sequences were then predicted, and their transcriptomes were confirmed. The de novo assembled genomes of S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme were predicted to have 71,945 and 75,230 protein-coding genes, including 29,629 and 29,185 non-redundant genes, respectively, as supported by the transcriptome analysis results. The chromosome-level genome assemblies coupled with transcriptome data sets of the two accessions would be valuable for gaining insights into tomato domestication and understanding genome-scale breeding.
Axillary artery access for stenting of aortic coarctation in a 1.2 kg premature newborn with malignant systemic hypertension: a case report
Authors: Esmaeili Anoosh , Schrewe Roland , Wong Flora , Schranz Dietmar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground Axillary artery access is rarely used for demanding percutaneous transcatheter interventions. However, there are many clear advantages.Case summary We describe this attractive approach in a 3-week-old premature neonate (bodyweight of 1.2 kg) with severe aortic coarctation. Percutaneous transcatheter intervention was performed with analgo-sedation and local anaesthesia; and a coronary stent was placed with a low fluoroscopy time of 2 min. Malignant systemic hypertension (160/54 mmHg) was effectively treated without any residual blood pressure gradient, with the aim for definitive surgery with stent resection and end-to-end anastomosis at the age of 6–12 months.Discussion Axillary artery access is an attractive, alternative approach to treat newborns and premature infants with low body weight with complex heart diseases.
Interventions on health care providers to improve seasonal influenza vaccination rates among patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence since 2000
Authors: Okoli George N , Reddy Viraj K , Lam Otto L T , Abdulwahid Tiba , Askin Nicole , Thommes Edward , Chit Ayman , Abou-Setta Ahmed M , Mahmud Salaheddin M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) rates remain suboptimal in many populations, even in those with universal SIV.

Objective
To summarize the evidence on interventions on health care providers (physicians/nurses/pharmacists) to increase SIV rates.

Methods
We systematically searched/selected full-text English publications from January 2000 to July 2019 (PROSPERO-CRD42019147199). Our outcome was the difference in SIV rates between patients in intervention and non-intervention groups. We calculated pooled difference using an inverse variance, random-effects model.

Results
We included 39 studies from 8370 retrieved citations. Compared with no intervention, team-based training/education of physicians significantly increased SIV rates in adult patients: 20.1% [7.5–32.7%; I2 = 0%; two randomized controlled trials (RCTs)] and 13.4% [8.6–18.1%; I2 = 0%; two non-randomized intervention studies (NRS)]. A smaller increase was observed in paediatric patients: 7% (0.1–14%; I2 = 0%; two NRS), and in adult patients with team-based training/education of physicians and nurses together: 0.9% (0.2–1.5%; I2 = 30.6%; four NRS). One-off provision of guidelines/information to physicians, and to both physicians and nurses, increased SIV rates in adult patients: 23.8% (15.7–31.8%; I2 = 45.8%; three NRS) and paediatric patients: 24% (8.1–39.9%; I2 = 0%; two NRS), respectively. Use of reminders (prompts) by physicians and nurses slightly increased SIV rates in paediatric patients: 2.3% (0.5–4.2%; I2 = 0%; two RCTs). A larger increase was observed in adult patients: 18.5% (14.8–22.1%; I2 = 0%; two NRS). Evidence from both RCTs and NRS showed significant increases in SIV rates with varied combinations of interventions.

Conclusions
Limited evidence suggests various forms of physicians’ and nurses’ education and use of reminders may be effective for increasing SIV rates among patients.
A Commentary on Current Diagnostic Challenges and Research Needs for Evaluating Reproductive Sequelae of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Kersh Ellen N , Geisler William M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Advancing the understanding of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) requires access to advanced diagnostic approaches for evaluating reproductive sequelae of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Current limitations of clinical criteria and advanced imaging technologies for diagnosing reproductive sequelae make diagnosis and surveillance of PID a challenge. We summarize and comment on major challenges in diagnostic evaluation of reproductive sequelae: limited point-of-care clinical diagnostic options for reproductive sequelae, economic and geographical obstacles to accessing state-of-the-art diagnostics, an expanding list of STIs that may cause reproductive sequelae and the complexities in evaluating them, and the need for coordinated research efforts to systematically evaluate biomarkers with gold-standard, well-defined specimens and associated clinical data. The future use of biomarkers in readily accessible mucosal or blood-derived specimens as a noninvasive approach to determining STI etiologies may be fruitful and requires more research. Biomarkers under consideration include cytokines, STI-specific antibody responses, and mRNA transcriptional profiles of inflammatory markers.
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalization in the United States, 2019–2020
Authors: Tenforde Mark W , Talbot H Keipp , Trabue Christopher H , Gaglani Manjusha , McNeal Tresa M , Monto Arnold S , Martin Emily T , Zimmerman Richard K , Silveira Fernanda P , Middleton Donald B , Olson Samantha M , Garten Kondor Rebecca J , Barnes John R , Ferdinands Jill M , Patel Manish M ,   Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) Investigators, Le Shoshona , Da Silva Juliana , Keong Lisa M , Stark Thomas J , Petrie Joshua G , Lamerato Lois E , Malani Anurag , Lauring Adam , E. Malosh Ryan , Wyatt Dayna , Zhu Yuwei , Liu Zhouwen , Longmire Stephanie , Graves Kellie , Sedillo Emily , Simion Alina , Speer Karen , Alicie Bethany , Krantz Briana , Carillo Donna , Adams Laura , Drennan Amelia , Orga Jan , Peterson Lynn , Halasa Natasha , McHenry Rendi , Guevara Pulido Claudia , Murthy Kempapura , Bounds Kelsey , Zunie Tnelda , Clipper Lydia , Ghamande Shekhar , White Heath , Raiyani Chandni , Chang Kevin , Rao Arundhati , Mutnal Manohar , Arroliga Alejandro , Patricia Nowalk Mary , Balasubramani K G , Eng Heather , Saul Sean G , Hughes Kailey , Wheeler Nicole , Stiefel Lori , Yassin Mohamed , Williams John V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality and stresses hospital resources during periods of increased circulation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the 2019–2020 influenza vaccine against influenza-associated hospitalization in the United States.

Methods
We included adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 14 hospitals and tested for influenza viruses by reserve-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated by comparing the odds of current-season influenza vaccination in test-positive influenza cases vs test-negative controls, adjusting for confounders. VE was stratified by age and major circulating influenza types along with A(H1N1)pdm09 genetic subgroups.

Results
A total of 3116 participants were included, including 18% (n = 553) influenza-positive cases. Median age was 63 years. Sixty-seven percent (n = 2079) received vaccination. Overall adjusted VE against influenza viruses was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27%–52%). VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was 40% (95% CI, 24%–53%) and 33% against B viruses (95% CI, 0–56%). Of the 2 major A(H1N1)pdm09 subgroups (representing 90% of sequenced H1N1 viruses), VE against one group (5A + 187A,189E) was 59% (95% CI, 34%–75%) whereas no VE was observed against the other group (5A + 156K) (–1% [95% CI, –61% to 37%]).

Conclusions
In a primarily older population, influenza vaccination was associated with a 41% reduction in risk of hospitalized influenza illness.
Multi-method versus single method appraisal of clinical quality indicators for the emergency medical services
Authors: Howard Ian , Cameron Peter , Castrén Maaret , Wallis Lee , Lindström Veronica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Quality Indicator (QI) appraisal protocol is a novel methodology that combines multiple appraisal methods to comprehensively assess the ‘appropriateness’ of QIs for a particular healthcare setting. However, they remain inadequately explored compared to the single appraisal method approach.

Objectives
To describe and test a multi-method QI appraisal protocol versus the single method approach, against a series of QIs previously identified as potentially relevant to the prehospital emergency care setting.

Methods
An appraisal protocol was developed consisting of two categorical-based appraisal methods, combined with the qualitative analysis of the discussion generated during the consensus application of each method. The output of the protocol was assessed and compared with the application and output of each method. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) of each particular method was evaluated prior to group consensus rating. Variation in the number of non-valid QIs and the proportion of non-valid QIs identified between each method and the protocol were compared and assessed.

Results
There was mixed IRR of the individual methods. There was similarly low-to-moderate correlation of the results obtained between the particular methods (Spearman’s rank correlation = 0.42, P &lt; 0.001). From a series of 104 QIs, 11 non-valid QIs were identified that were shared between the individual methods. A further 19 non-valid QIs were identified and not shared by each method, highlighting the benefits of a multi-method approach. The outcomes were additionally evident in the group discussion analysis, which in and of itself added further input that would not have otherwise been captured by the individual methods alone.

Conclusion
The utilization of a multi-method appraisal protocol offers multiple benefits, when compared to the single appraisal approach, and can provide the confidence that the outcomes of the appraisal will ensure a strong foundation on which the QI framework can be successfully implemented.
Household transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Marimuthu Kalisvar , Mo Yin , Ling Moi Lin , Hernandez-Koutoucheva Anastasia , Fenlon Shannon N , Bertrand Denis , Lye David Chien , Ang Brenda Sze Peng , Perencevich Eli , Ng Oon Tek , Cooper Ben S , Nagarajan Niranjan , Chen Swaine L , Barkham Timothy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the transmission rate of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in households with recently hospitalized CPE carriers.

Methods
We conducted a prospective case-ascertained cohort study. We identified the presence of CPE in stool samples from index subjects, household contacts and companion animals and environmental samples at regular intervals. Linked transmissions were identified by WGS. A Markov model was constructed to estimate the household transmission potential of CPE.

Results
Ten recently hospitalized index patients and 14 household contacts were included. There were seven households with one contact, two households with two contacts, and one household with three contacts. Index patients were colonized with blaOXA-48-like (n = 4), blaKPC-2 (n = 3), blaIMP (n = 2), and blaNDM-1 (n = 1), distributed among divergent species of Enterobacteriaceae. After a cumulative follow-up time of 9.0 years, three family members (21.4%, 3/14) acquired four different types of CPE in the community (hazard rate of 0.22/year). The probability of CPE transmission from an index patient to a household contact was 10% (95% CI 4%–26%).

Conclusions
We observed limited transmission of CPE from an index patient to household contacts. Larger studies are needed to understand the factors associated with household transmission of CPE and identify preventive strategies.
Breast Cancer Screening and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Smetherman Dana H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major impact on breast radiology practices. Initially, nonessential imaging studies, including screening mammography, were curtailed and even temporarily halted when lockdowns were instituted in many parts of the United States. As a result, imaging volumes plummeted while health care institutions worked to ensure safety measures were in place to protect patients and personnel. As COVID-19 infection levels started to stabilize in some areas, breast radiology practices sought guidance from national organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and radiology specialty societies, to develop strategies for patients to safely return for screening mammograms and other outpatient imaging studies. Postponement of breast cancer screening has led to delays in cancer diagnosis and treatment that could negatively affect patient outcomes for years to come. In order to continue to provide necessary imaging services, breast radiologists will need to face and overcome ongoing practical challenges related to the pandemic, such as negative financial impacts on practices and patients, the need for modifications in delivery of imaging services and trainee education, and differences in the health care system as a whole, including the shift to telehealth for clinical care. Nonetheless, despite the disruption the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, the need for breast radiology procedures, including breast cancer screening, remains strong.
Coinfection by Two Begomoviruses Aggravates Plant Symptoms But Does Not Influence the Performance and Preference of Insect Vector Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Ban Feixue , Zhong Yuwei , Pan Lilong , Mao Lijuan , Wang Xiaowei , Liu Yinquan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In nature, a plant can be infected by multiple viruses simultaneously. However, the effects of coinfection on plant–vector interactions are less well studied. Two begomoviruses of the family Geminiviridae, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), occur sympatrically in China. Each of them is reported to increase the performance of whitefly vector via manipulation of plant traits. In this study, we examined the effects of coinfection by the two viruses TYLCV and TYLCCNV on plant–whitefly interactions, compared to that infected by a single virus. We found that plants infected by two viruses showed aggravated symptoms but the performance and preference of whiteflies were not altered significantly compared to singly-infected plants. Coinfection suppressed the transcription of genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in plants, but showed no significant difference to single-virus infected plants. These findings suggest that although TYLCV and TYLCCNV may synergistically induce plant symptoms, they did not manipulate synergistically plant-mediated responses to the insect vector.