bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms among Asian American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Tsai William , Nusrath Sumaiya , Zhu Ruidi 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThis paper aimed to review the experience of psychopathology symptoms (ie, depressive, anxiety and post-traumatic stress) and their social, cognitive and affective correlates among Asian American breast cancer survivors. Studies on psychosocial interventions for reducing psychopathology symptoms were also included in this review.DesignA systematic review was conducted.MethodsPubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched from database inception to November 2018. Empirical, peer-reviewed articles on adult women of Asian heritage residing in the USA with breast cancer diagnoses were included in this review. The methodological quality of the included articles was coded.ResultsThe search yielded 16 empirical articles, which were all deemed to be of high methodological quality. Eleven studies utilised a quantitative design, two studies utilised a qualitative design and three studies utilised a mixed-methods design. Thirteen were cross-sectional and three were longitudinal in design. Only two intervention studies were identified. Studies showed that Asian American breast cancer survivors endorsed moderate to high levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms; those who are more acculturated demonstrated lower levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Asian American breast cancer survivors with social constraints were more likely to have intrusive thoughts and, in turn, have high levels of psychopathology symptoms. Intervention studies were limited, but the use of community-based participatory research approaches and cultural adaptations were noted strengths of the studies.DiscussionIn addition to discussing clinical implications, we highlight limitations of the literature, including a lack of longitudinal studies and the limited use of standardised diagnostic instruments for assessing psychopathology symptoms among this population. Clarifying the prospective relationships between psychopathology symptoms and their social, cognitive and affective correlates will help inform the development of culturally sensitive psychosocial interventions among Asian American breast cancer survivors.
Are eyes the windows to COVID-19? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: La Distia Nora Rina , Putera Ikhwanuliman , Khalisha Dhiya Farah , Septiana Indah , Ridwan Asri Salima , Sitompul Ratna 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo review and critically appraise the ocular manifestation and the presence of SARS-CoV-2 through PCR positivity from ocular samples in COVID-19-related patients. Moreover, to evaluate the time and severity association of ocular manifestation to systemic disease of COVID-19.Methods and analysisA systematic literature search from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases was performed using standardised Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Selected keywords were related to COVID-19, ocular manifestation and PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2. Studies were assessed for their validity, and the data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Observational, case series and case report studies were included if they met the selection criteria. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ocular manifestations and PCR positivity from tears.ResultsThirty-one articles were qualitatively reviewed, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of ocular manifestation among COVID-19-related patients was 0.05 (95% CI 0.02% to 0.08). The overall PCR from tears samples positivity rate from COVID-19-related patients presenting with ocular manifestation was 0.38 (95% CI 0.14% to 0.65). Ocular manifestation could precede systemic manifestation in about 0.28 (95% CI 0.05% to 0.58) of COVID-19-related patients with ocular manifestations. Besides, ocular manifestation was not associated with a severe form of COVID-19.ConclusionAlthough the overall number of ocular manifestation and SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity rate from ocular samples was very low, around a quarter of COVID-19-related patients with ocular manifestation presented their ocular manifestation earlier than the systemic manifestation regardless of the severity. Interestingly, SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive from one-third of ocular samples, which could potentially be the source of infection to the respiratory tract and the environment, although the infectivity is yet to be determined.
Comparison of two techniques (intermittent intravenous bolus morphine vs. morphine infusion) for analgesic titration in patients who had advanced cancer with severe pain: a prospective randomised study
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Sirohiya Prashant , Garg Rakesh , Gupta Nishkarsh , Bharti Sachidanand Jee , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Mishra Seema , Bhatnagar Sushma 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the analgesic efficacy of two techniques of morphine titration (intermittent intravenous bolus vs infusion) by calculating rescue dosage in a day at 1 week after analgesic titration.MethodsOne hundred and forty cancer patients were randomised into two groups. In group 1, intravenous morphine 1.5 mg bolus given every 10 min until Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain score <4 is achieved. Total intravenous dose converted to oral dose (1:1) and administered every 4 hours. In group 2, intravenous bolus morphine 0.05 mg/kg body weight administered followed by 0.025 mg/kg/hour intravenous infusion. The NRS pain score was recorded every 10 min but infusion rate was titrated every 30 min if required. The infusion rate of morphine was doubled if the pain score was unchanged and increased to 50% when NRS was between 4 and baseline. If NRS<4, then infusion at same rate was continued. Once the NRS<4 for two consecutive hours, total intravenous dose for 24 hours was calculated and converted to oral morphine in a ratio of 1:3 and divided into six doses given over 24 hours. For rescue (pain score ≥4) analgesia, one-sixth of the total daily oral dose was prescribed. The primary outcome of this study was to note the number of rescue doses of oral morphine in a day at 1 week.ResultsThe rescue dosage in a day at 1-week post discharge from the palliative care unit was significantly higher in group 1 as compared with group 2.ConclusionIntravenous infusion morphine may be a better analgesic titration technique for analgesia in patients with advanced cancer.Trial registration numberCTRI/2018/04/013369.
Inflammatory bowel diseases among first-generation and second-generation immigrants in Denmark: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Agrawal Manasi , Corn Giulia , Shrestha Sarita , Nielsen Nete Munk , Frisch Morten , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Jess Tine 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveOur objective was to estimate the relative risk of IBD among first-generation and second-generation immigrants in Denmark compared with native Danes.DesignUsing national registries, we established a cohort of Danish residents between 1977 and 2018. Cohort members with known country of birth were followed for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) diagnoses. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) served as measures of relative risk and were calculated by log-linear Poisson regression, using rates among native Danes as reference, stratified by IBD risk in parental country of birth, and among first-generation immigrants by age at immigration and duration of stay in Denmark.ResultsAmong 8.7 million Danes, 4156 first-generation and 898 second-generation immigrants were diagnosed with CD or UC. Overall, comparing first-generation immigrants with native Danes, the IRR was 0.80 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.84) for CD and 0.74 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.77) for UC. The IRR of IBD increased with ≥20 years stay in Denmark. The IRR of CD increased with immigration at ≥40 years of age. Comparing second-generation immigrants with native Danes, the IRR of IBD was 0.97 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.04). There was significant interaction with sex, with higher IRR of IBD in male than in female immigrants.ConclusionRelative to native Danish men and women, IBD risk among first-generation immigrants was lower, reflected the risk in their parental country of birth and increased with ≥20 years stay in Denmark. For second-generation immigrants, relative risk of IBD was lower only among women. These complex patterns suggest the role of environmental IBD risk factors.
Right ventricle in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Berglund Felix , Piña Pamela , Herrera César J 
Published: September 2020

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects half of all patients with heart failure. While previously neglected, the right ventricle (RV) has sparked interest in recent years as a means for better understanding this condition and as a potential therapeutic target.Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is present in 4%–50% of patients with HFpEF. The RV is intimately connected to the pulmonary circulation, and pulmonary hypertension is commonly implicated in the pathophysiology of RVD. The development of RVD in HFpEF may also be driven by comorbidities, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea and atrial fibrillation. The evaluation of RVD is particularly challenging due to anatomical and structural factors, as well as unique physiological characteristics of this chamber like load and interventricular dependency. Fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and tricuspid annular systolic velocity are commonly used measurements of RV function. Speckle tracking echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) are also gaining attention as important tools for the assessment of RV structure, fibre deformation and systolic performance. Further research is needed to confirm the utility and prognostic significance of RV [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography imaging as FDG accumulation is suggested to increase with progressive RVD. Targeted pharmacotherapy with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, guanylate–cyclase stimulators, nitrates and inhaled inorganic nitrites have yet to demonstrate improvement in RVD, compelling the need for evaluation and discovery of novel pharmacological interventions for this entity.
Implementing NGS-basedBRCAtumour tissue testing in FFPE ovarian carcinoma specimens: hints from a real-life experience within the framework of expert recommendations
Authors: Rivera Daniela , Paudice Michele , Gismondi Viviana , Anselmi Giorgia , Vellone Valerio Gaetano , Varesco Liliana 
Published: September 2020

AimsNext Generation Sequencing (NGS)-basedBRCAtumour tissue testing poses several challenges. As a first step of its implementation within a regional health service network, an in-house validation study was compared with published recommendations.MethodsEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens stored in the archives of the eight regional pathology units were selected from a consecutive series of patients with knownBRCAgermline status. Two expert pathologists evaluated tumour cell content for manual macrodissection. DNA extraction, library preparation and NGS analyses were performed blinded to the germinal status. Parameters used in the study were confronted with guidelines for the validation of NGS-based oncology panels and forBRCAtumour tissue testing.ResultsNGS analyses were successful in 66 of 67 EOC specimens, with good quality metrics and high reproducibility among different runs. In all, 19BRCApathogenic variants were identified: 12 were germline and 7 were somatic. A 100% concordance with blood tests was detected for germline variants. ABRCA1variant showed a controversial classification. In different areas of two early stage EOCs showing somatic variants, intratumour heterogeneity not relevant for test results (variant allele frequency >5%) was observed. Compared with expert recommendations, main limitations of the study were absence of controls with known somaticBRCAstatus and exclusion from the validation ofBRCAcopy number variations (CNV).ConclusionsA close collaboration between pathology and genetics units provides advantages in the implementation ofBRCAtumour tissue testing. The development of tools for designing and interpreting complex testing in-house validation could improve process quality.
A nomogram for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19 and solid tumors: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Chao , Li Li , Song Kehan , Zhan Zhi-Ying , Yao Yi , Gong Hongyun , Chen Yuan , Wang Qun , Dong Xiaorong , Xie Zhibin , Ou Chun-Quan , Hu Qinyong , Song Qibin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIndividualized prediction of mortality risk can inform the treatment strategy for patients with COVID-19 and solid tumors and potentially improve patient outcomes. We aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 with solid tumors.MethodsWe enrolled patients with COVID-19 with solid tumors admitted to 32 hospitals in China between December 17, 2020, and March 18, 2020. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed via stepwise regression analysis, and a nomogram was subsequently developed based on the fitted multivariate logistic regression model. Discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were evaluated by estimating the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for the model and by bootstrap resampling, a Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and visual inspection of the calibration curve.ResultsThere were 216 patients with COVID-19 with solid tumors included in the present study, of whom 37 (17%) died and the other 179 all recovered from COVID-19 and were discharged. The median age of the enrolled patients was 63.0 years and 113 (52.3%) were men. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that increasing age (OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.16), receipt of antitumor treatment within 3 months before COVID-19 (OR=28.65, 95% CI 3.54 to 231.97), peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count ≥6.93 ×109/L (OR=14.52, 95% CI 2.45 to 86.14), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR; neutrophil count/(WBC count minus neutrophil count)) ≥4.19 (OR=18.99, 95% CI 3.58 to 100.65), and dyspnea on admission (OR=20.38, 95% CI 3.55 to 117.02) were associated with elevated mortality risk. The performance of the established nomogram was satisfactory, with an AUC of 0.953 (95% CI 0.908 to 0.997) for the model, non-significant findings on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and rough agreement between predicted and observed probabilities as suggested in calibration curves. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 86.4% and 92.5%.ConclusionIncreasing age, receipt of antitumor treatment within 3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis, elevated WBC count and dNLR, and having dyspnea on admission were independent risk factors for mortality among patients with COVID-19 and solid tumors. The nomogram based on these factors accurately predicted mortality risk for individual patients.
Evaluation of the Minnesota Safe Patient Handling Act: trends in workers’ compensation indemnity claims in nursing home workers before and after enactment of the law
Authors: Rosebush Christina E , Zaidman Brian , Schofield Katherine E , Erickson Darin J , Tschida Breca , Ramirez Marizen , McGovern Patricia M 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe 2007 Minnesota Safe Patient Handling Act aims to protect healthcare workers from injuries caused by lifting and transferring patients. The effectiveness of the law in nursing homes is unknown. This policy evaluation measured changes in patient handling injuries before and after the law was enacted. Additionally, it assessed whether effects of the law were modified by facility levels of staffing and retention.MethodsWorkers’ compensation indemnity claims for years 2005–2016 were matched to annual direct care productive hours and facility characteristics (eg, profit status, hospital affiliation and region) for all Medicaid-certified nursing homes in Minnesota. Trends in patient handling claims were analysed using negative binomial regression with generalised estimating equations. The primary predictors were time period, staff hours per resident day and staff retention.ResultsThe patient handling indemnity claim rate declined by 25% in years 4–6 and 38% in years 7–9 following enactment of the law. Claims for all other injuries and illnesses declined by 20% in years 7–9 only. Associations between time period and patient handling claims did not vary by levels of staffing or retention. However, independent of time, facilities with annual retention ≥75% (vs <65%) had a 17% lower patient handling claim rate.ConclusionsResults suggest the law reduced patient handling claims in nursing homes. However, claim rates were elevated in facilities with low worker retention and those that were non-profit, not hospital-affiliated or in a non-metro area. Facilities with these characteristics may benefit from targeted state grants and consultation efforts.
On causal structure of 4D-Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole
Authors: Dadhich Naresh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe recently proposed effective equation of motion for the 4D-Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity admits a static black hole solution that has, like the Rissner–Nordström charged black hole, two horizons instead of one for the Schwarzschild black hole. This means that the central singularity is timelike instead of spacelike. It should though be noted that in$$D\ge 5$$D≥5, the solution always admits only one horizon like the Schwarzshild solution. In the equation defining the horizon, the rescaled Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant appears as a new ‘gravitational charge’ with a repulsive effect to cause in addition to event horizon a Cauchy horizon. Thus it radically alters the causal structure of the black hole.
Considerations for Continuing Semielective and Emergency Otolaryngological Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Traxdorf Maximilian , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Sievert Matti , Koch Michael , Huebner Matthias J. , Iro Heinrich 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide over 600,000 human beings died due to the cause of the disease. In order to deescalate the transmission rate and to avoid crush loading the countries medical health systems social distancing, face masks, and lockdowns have been considered essential by the majority of governments. Whereas some countries have highly reduced or completely stopped otorhinolaryngological procedures, other countries have continued selected surgeries. The objective of this study was to analyze procedures and outcomes of continuing semielective and emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective analysis of n = 750 patients who received semi-elective or emergency surgery between March 26 and June 16, 2020, in the Otolaryngology Department of the Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. All patients were screened for COVID symptoms and swabbed for SARS-CoV-2 prior to surgery. Results: Of the n = 750 patients, n = 699 patients received semielective surgery and n = 51 emergency surgery. For 27 patients, the swab result could not be awaited due to a life-threatening condition. In these cases, surgery was performed in full protective equipment. No patient was tested positive during or after the surgery (follow-up 45 to 127 days). No member of the medical personnel showed symptoms or was tested positive after contact with patients. Due to the continuation of surgeries, patients’ lives were saved and improvement of long-term quality-of-life and outcomes is anticipated. Conclusions: Continuing selected otorhinolaryngological surgeries is crucial for patients’ health, survival, and long-time quality of life, yet, the protection of the medical personnel has to be granted.
Caring for a violent relative with severe mental illness: a qualitative study
Authors: Paradis-Gagné Etienne , Holmes Dave , Jacob Jean Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Background: According to the literature reviewed, although families living with a mentally ill relative often face violence, this issue has been little studied in nursing. Methods: We conducted a qualitative research study to explore the experience of families dealing with this complex reality. We adopted Jacques Donzelot’s theory of the government of family as our theoretical framework and used grounded theory as our research methodology. In total, 14 participants who had been victims of violence perpetrated by relatives with severe mental illness were interviewed. Findings: Qualitative analysis led to the identification of five themes: (a) medico-legal apparatus; (b) experience of violence; (c) the family’s responsibility toward the violent relative; (d) exclusion and stigmatisation; and (e) suffering and resilience. The present paper focuses on the study’s central theme: the family’s responsibility toward the violent relative.
International Migration amid a World in Crisis
Authors: Chamie Joseph 
Published: September 2020

Executive Summary This article comprehensively examines international migration trends and policies in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It begins by reviewing migration developments throughout the past 60 years. It then examines pandemic-related migration trends and policies. It concludes with a series of general observations and insights that should guide local, national, regional, and international policymakers, moving forward. In particular, it proposes the following: National measures to combat COVID-19 should include international migrants, irrespective of their legal status, and should complement regional and international responses. Localities, nations, and the international community should prioritize the safe return and reintegration of migrants. States and international agencies should plan for the gradual re-emergence of large-scale migration based on traditional push and pull forces once a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. States should redouble their efforts to reconcile national border security concerns and the basic human rights of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. States and the international community should accelerate their efforts to address climate-related migration. States of origin, transit, and destination should directly address the challenges of international migration and not minimize them.