bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Farmasi PT Aksamala Adi Andana Yogyakarta
Authors: Sarwadhamana Raden Jaka , Dwinta Eliza 
Published: October 2020

<p>Perkembangan Globalisasi dalam bidang penyelenggaraan kesehatan berupa aspek penyediaan obat dengan permintaan pasar yang pesat sehingga menuntut penyelenggara organisasi untuk melaksanakan secara profesional. Menghadapi kondisi tersebut mengharuskan organisasi menelaah secara sistemastis dalam upaya efisiensi, efektifitas, dan produktifitas karyawan agar dapat bertahan dari segala perubahan yang ada. Dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan produktifitas kinerja karyawan diperlukan sebuah model gaya kepemimpinan yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi kerja karyawan farmasi di PT Aksamala Adi Andana Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian <em>analitik</em><em> kuantitatif</em> dengan rancangan <em>cross-sectional</em>. Populasi dalam penelitiana ini adalah seluruh karyawan di PT Aksamala Adi Andana Yogyakarta. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 24 responden yang di ambil dengan teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat dan biavariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan dan arah korelasi positif antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dengan motivasi kerja karyawan (p=0,000), sedangkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dan arah korelasi negatif antara gaya kepemimpinan transaksional dengan motivasi kerja karyawan (p=0,367). Kesimpulan penelitian menjelaskan bahwa ada hubungan antara gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dengan motivasi kerja karyawan farmasi di PT Aksamala Adi Andana Yogyakarta.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci:</strong> Gaya Kepemimpinan; motivasi kerja; farmasi</p>
A Racially Unbiased, Machine Learning Approach to Prediction of Mortality: Algorithm Development Study
Authors: Allen Angier , Mataraso Samson , Siefkas Anna , Burdick Hoyt , Braden Gregory , Dellinger R Phillip , McCoy Andrea , Pellegrini Emily , Hoffman Jana , Green-Saxena Abigail , Barnes Gina , Calvert Jacob , Das Ritankar 
Published: October 2020

Background
Racial disparities in health care are well documented in the United States. As machine learning methods become more common in health care settings, it is important to ensure that these methods do not contribute to racial disparities through biased predictions or differential accuracy across racial groups.

Objective
The goal of the research was to assess a machine learning algorithm intentionally developed to minimize bias in in-hospital mortality predictions between white and nonwhite patient groups.

Methods
Bias was minimized through preprocessing of algorithm training data. We performed a retrospective analysis of electronic health record data from patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at a large academic health center between 2001 and 2012, drawing data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care–III database. Patients were included if they had at least 10 hours of available measurements after ICU admission, had at least one of every measurement used for model prediction, and had recorded race/ethnicity data. Bias was assessed through the equal opportunity difference. Model performance in terms of bias and accuracy was compared with the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), and the Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE).

Results
The machine learning algorithm was found to be more accurate than all comparators, with a higher sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic. The machine learning algorithm was found to be unbiased (equal opportunity difference 0.016, P=.20). APACHE was also found to be unbiased (equal opportunity difference 0.019, P=.11), while SAPS II and MEWS were found to have significant bias (equal opportunity difference 0.038, P=.006 and equal opportunity difference 0.074, P<.001, respectively).

Conclusions
This study indicates there may be significant racial bias in commonly used severity scoring systems and that machine learning algorithms may reduce bias while improving on the accuracy of these methods.
Impact of Systematic Factors on the Outbreak Outcomes of the Novel COVID-19 Disease in China: Factor Analysis Study
Authors: Cao Zicheng , Tang Feng , Chen Cai , Zhang Chi , Guo Yichen , Lin Ruizhen , Huang Zhihong , Teng Yi , Xie Ting , Xu Yutian , Song Yanxin , Wu Feng , Dong Peipei , Luo Ganfeng , Jiang Yawen , Zou Huachun , Chen Yao-Qing , Sun Litao , Shu Yuelong , Du Xiangjun 
Published: October 2020

Background
The novel COVID-19 disease has spread worldwide, resulting in a new pandemic. The Chinese government implemented strong intervention measures in the early stage of the epidemic, including strict travel bans and social distancing policies. Prioritizing the analysis of different contributing factors to outbreak outcomes is important for the precise prevention and control of infectious diseases. We proposed a novel framework for resolving this issue and applied it to data from China.

Objective
This study aimed to systematically identify national-level and city-level contributing factors to the control of COVID-19 in China.

Methods
Daily COVID-19 case data and related multidimensional data, including travel-related, medical, socioeconomic, environmental, and influenza-like illness factors, from 343 cities in China were collected. A correlation analysis and interpretable machine learning algorithm were used to evaluate the quantitative contribution of factors to new cases and COVID-19 growth rates during the epidemic period (ie, January 17 to February 29, 2020).

Results
Many factors correlated with the spread of COVID-19 in China. Travel-related population movement was the main contributing factor for new cases and COVID-19 growth rates in China, and its contributions were as high as 77% and 41%, respectively. There was a clear lag effect for travel-related factors (previous vs current week: new cases, 45% vs 32%; COVID-19 growth rates, 21% vs 20%). Travel from non-Wuhan regions was the single factor with the most significant impact on COVID-19 growth rates (contribution: new cases, 12%; COVID-19 growth rate, 26%), and its contribution could not be ignored. City flow, a measure of outbreak control strength, contributed 16% and 7% to new cases and COVID-19 growth rates, respectively. Socioeconomic factors also played important roles in COVID-19 growth rates in China (contribution, 28%). Other factors, including medical, environmental, and influenza-like illness factors, also contributed to new cases and COVID-19 growth rates in China. Based on our analysis of individual cities, compared to Beijing, population flow from Wuhan and internal flow within Wenzhou were driving factors for increasing the number of new cases in Wenzhou. For Chongqing, the main contributing factor for new cases was population flow from Hubei, beyond Wuhan. The high COVID-19 growth rates in Wenzhou were driven by population-related factors.

Conclusions
Many factors contributed to the COVID-19 outbreak outcomes in China. The differential effects of various factors, including specific city-level factors, emphasize the importance of precise, targeted strategies for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak and future infectious disease outbreaks.
Vacunas para covid-19: estado actual y perspectivas para su desarrollo
Authors: Hernandez-Rojas Edith C , Almonacid Urrego Isabel C , Rocha Chamorro Andrea Catalina , Salcedo Pretelt Irlena 
Published: October 2020

La pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 evidencia la importancia del trabajo conjunto para el desarrollo de vacunas contra el virus, estas incluyen virus completos, subunidades, vacunas atenuadas, vectores virales y ácidos nucleicos, la mayoría de propuestas están basadas en subunidades proteicas. De los más de 115 candidatos reportados hasta abril, 73 se encuentran en estudios preclínicos, a junio la opción más avanzada se ubica en fase II/II, una en fase II, dos en fase I/II y cuatro en fase I. Los candidatos más avanzados son AZD1222 (AstraZeneca) basada en adenovirus recombinante para la proteína S (fase II/III); PiCoVacc (Sinovac Biotech) basada en virus inactivado (fase I/II); mientras que mRNA-1273 (Moderna) basada en ARNm para la proteína S, INO-4800 (Inovio Pharmaceticals) basada en DNA plasmídico para proteína S, Ad5-nCoV (Cansino Biologicals) basada en adenovirus tipo 5 expresando la proteína S, LV-SMENP-DC basada en células dendríticas con lentivirus para dominios de proteínas virales y aAPC patógeno-específica, basada en células presentadoras de antígenos con lentivirus para dominios de proteínas virales (ambas de Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute, se encuentran en fase I).
La finalidad de este trabajo contrarreloj se dirige hacia el único objetivo de lograr un candidato a vacuna que demuestre seguridad y efectividad en el control y prevención del virus sorpresivo que dejó al descubierto que no hay enemigo pequeño o que mientras más pequeño más peligroso, pues el causante de COVID-19 no solo atacó la salud humana sino la economía del planeta y las costumbres y actividades rutinarias que desarrollaba la humanidad.
Mahdi: o messias islâmico xiita
Authors: Alves Murilo Cavalcante 
Published: October 2020

O artigo trata da complexa questão do Mahdi, o messias islâmico, com uma breve introdução ao contexto doutrinário-religioso. Descreve o panorama do Islam Sunita com suas carcaterísticas doutrinárias e históricas. Aborda as características do Xiismo Duodecimalista e a questão do Imamato, imprescindíveis à compreensão do conceito messiânico xiita. Conclui com uma reflexão sobre os possíveis desdobramentos da questão, em um futuro remoto, a partir da expectativa do retorno do Mahdi aguardado pelos xiitas.
Saúde no "novo normal" da crise à humanização" - Integração e responsabilidade
Authors: Fretto Luis , Salgado Rita de Cassia Falleiro , Souza Waldir 
Published: October 2020

Uma crise mundial em saúde que impacta a vida humana de diversas formas, causando uma crise geral e global, como é o caso da pandemia de COVID-19, revela alto impacto nas convicções dos seres humanos, provocando mudanças referentes a valores culturais, emocionais, religiosos, sociopolíticos e econômicos. Tal fenômeno desperta no indivíduo a sensação de impotência e também o autoquestionamento. O objetivo deste artigo é destacar as categorias de Humanização, Integração e Responsabilidade, como elementos essenciais para a “saúde saudável” no “novo normal”. A Metodologia estrutural se apresenta como pesquisa teórica, de revisão bibliográfica e atualização temática histórica em portais eletrônicos de mídia contemporânea. Apresenta-se a reflexão acerca da “saúde saudável” em um “novo normal”, a partir de novos comportamentos e práticas humanizadas em resposta às urgências sociais e éticas recém-afloradas.
The Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Covid-19
Authors: Levina O. A. , Еvseev A. K. , Shabanov A. K. , Kulabukhov V. V. , Kutrovskaya N. Y. , Goroncharovskaya I. V. , Popugaev K. A. , Kosolapov D. A. , Slobodeniuk D. S. , Petrikov S. S. 
Published: October 2020

Relevance. Acute respiratory infection COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCov) coronavirus is severe and extremely severe in 15—20% of cases, which is accompanied by the need for respiratory support. Hyperbaric oxygenation is recognized as an effective therapy for replenishing any form of oxygen debt.Aim of study. To study the safety of HBO use in patients with COVID-19.Material and metods. We examined 32 patients with the diagnosis “Coronavirus infection caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2” (10 — moderately severe patients (CT 1–2), 22 — patients in serious condition (CT 3–4), who received course of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO). The procedures were carried out in a Sechrist 2800 chamber (USA) at a mode of 1.4–1.6 AT for no more than 60 minutes. In total, the patients received 141 HBO sessions. Before and after each HBO session, the subjective indicators of the patient’s condition were assessed and the blood oxygen saturation was measured.Results. An algorithm for HBO course management was developed, which consists in using “soft” modes (up to 1.4 AT) during the first session, followed by pressure adjustment (not higher than 1.6 AT) during the course to achieve maximum therapeutic effect and comfort for the patient. Against the background of the HBO course, the patients showed an increase in blood oxygen saturation in patients in both surveyed groups, as well as positive dynamics in the form of a decrease in shortness of breath, an improvement in general well-being.Conclusion. The inclusion of daily sessions (at least 4) of hyperbaric oxygenation in “soft” modes (1.4–1.6 ATA) in the complex therapy for COVID-19 has shown its safety and preliminary positive effect on the subjective state of the examined patients and the dynamics of blood oxygen saturation.
Delivery of First Aid to Victims in Road Transportation Accidents
Authors: Baranov A. V. 
Published: October 2020

Relevance. Most of the victims of road accidents die prior to the arrival of medical staff, therefore, providing first aid to injured people in the first minutes after receiving injuries is very important for saving human life and health. Timely and skillful provision of first aid to victims of road accidents prevents further deterioration of the state of the human body and can positively affect the entire process of its further treatment and rehabilitation.Aim of study. To characterize the delivery of first aid to victims of road traffic accidents at the present stage and to outline possible ways for its improvement.Material and methods. To achieve this goal, an analysis was made of the results of domestic and foreign scientific research and regulatory legal acts on the issue of providing first aid to victims of road accidents. The literature search was carried out in specialized scientific search engines eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus using the keywords: first aid, prehospital stage, road traffic injuries, road traffic accidents. For the analysis, scientific articles published between 1980 and 2020 were selected. Resources with outdated or inaccurate information were excluded, some scientific papers were found by links to articles. The state of the problem of providing first aid to victims of road traffic injuries, for the most part, reflects scientific publications over the past ten years.
Creation of Foundations for Emergency Clinical Toxicology Service in Russia
Authors: Goldfarb Yu. S. , Kabanova S. A. , Sleptsov V. I. , Petrikov S. S. , Ostapenko Yu. N. , Potskhveriya M. M. 
Published: October 2020

The creation of the organizational foundations of clinical toxicology began after its separation in the first half of the 20th century from forensic medicine, pharmacology, and military and industrial toxicology. In this, the research started in the therapeutic clinic of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine is important, which led to the opening of the country’s first toxicological department at the Institute and made it possible to resolve acute poisoning (AP) issues at a new level. The obvious successes achieved in this direction by the employees of the department served as a prerequisite for the creation of Republican and All-Union AP treatment centers on the basis of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute, where employees began actively work on the preparation of relevant regulatory documents and the organization of toxicological centers (departments) in the regions. As a result, by the end of the twentieth century, the foundation of the toxicological service was created in the Russian Federation — a network of 44 centers (departments) for AP treatment in 41 regions, which today provide specialized assistance to the population of 50% of the territory of the Russian Federation and serves as the basis for the implementation of advanced achievements in this area.An outstanding role in the formation of clinical toxicology as a new direction in clinical medicine and the creation of a scientific school of clinical toxicologists belongs to E.A. Luzhnikov, member of RAS.Creation of the organizational foundations of urgent clinical toxicology and its formation as an independent scientific and practical direction in medicine, in which a significant contribution belongs to the staff of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, are closely related to scientific and practical achievements in this area, the prompt response of specialists to the toxicological situation in the country, as well as adoption of the experience gained in the course of organizational and information and advisory activities. At the same time, timely preparation and publication of legal and regulatory documents regulating practical work in this area are of particular importance.
El sistema de reparto de la Seguridad Social versus envejecimiento poblacional
Authors: Gutiérrez Bengoechea Miguel 
Published: October 2020

Como consecuencia del Estado de Bienestar Social del que goza España la esperanza de vida. Este hecho ha provocado un problema demográfico de carácter estructural que afecta en mayor o menor medida a todos los Estados de la Unión Europea. En España, este problema se agudizará dentro de diez años con la jubilación de la generación conocida como el baby-boom lo que ha puesto en duda la viabilidad del sistema de reparto de la seguridad social diseñado en los años 1963 a 1966 cuando la situación social de España y las necesidades de protección eran muy distintas a las que imperan actualmente.
Además con carácter coyuntural, desde el año 2006 España ha estado inmersa en una crisis económica como consecuencia de los efectos de la globalización económica en el ámbito financiero y por la caída del sector inmobiliario. Este hecho ha provocado un descenso de cotizantes lo que se agravado aún mucho más con la pandemia del Covid19 que ha supuesto una caída del PIB en más del 9 por ciento y, por ende, en un descenso significativo del número de cotizantes lo que ha suscitado que los partidos políticos se conciencien en la necesidad de que el sistema de reparto de la Seguridad Social se modifique para que sea sostenible en lo que respecta al pago de las pensiones públicas. A partir del año 2011, se han introducido reformas en relación a las pensiones públicas; así, el retraso en la edad de jubilación, el envejecimiento activo, la regulación del factor de sostenibilidad, el índice de revalorización y una recomendación hacia los instrumentos de previsión social privados como complemento de las pensiones públicas pretenden asegurar el principio constitucional de la suficiencia económica de los ciudadanos.
Scaling Community Pharmacy Transformation with the ‘Flip the Pharmacy’ Implementation Model: Program Origins
Authors: Kondic Anne Marie , Trygstad Troy , McDonough Randy , Osterhaus Matt 
Published: October 2020

The rising costs of healthcare, increased chronic illnesses, and healthcare provider burnout has led to an environment desperate for scalable solutions to ease practice burdens. With a projected shortage in the number of primary healthcare providers available to provide team-based care, community-based pharmacy practitioners are accessible and eager to assist. In order to provide enhanced patient care services to aid their clinician colleagues, community-based pharmacists will have to transform their practices to support the provision of enhanced services and medication optimization in value-based payment models. The purpose of this article is to define how multiple factors in pharmacy, healthcare, technology and payment models aligned to create an opportunity for the Community Pharmacy Foundation and CPESN® USA to implement a nationwide community pharmacy practice model called ‘Flip the Pharmacy’. This new model aims to scale community pharmacy practice transformation and move beyond filling prescriptions at a moment-in-time to caring for patients over time through a 24-month step-wise program paired with in-person pharmacist coaching. Preliminary observations from the first six months of the program highlight community pharmacy as a site of care with community-based pharmacist practitioners providing and documenting targeted patient care interventions.

Article Type: Commentary
PENINGKATAN KESIAGAAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI MELALUI PENDEKATAN DRILLING
Authors: Manulu Harianto , Elon Yunus 
Published: October 2020

Latar belakang: Kabupaten Bandung Barat, merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Barat yang menjadi primadona wisata. Dibalik pesona alam yang indah terdapat resiko yang tinggi terhadap bencana alam. Untuk mengurangi tingkat resiko yang terjadi akibat bencana, dibutuhkan ketangguhan setiap mahasiswa melalui pemahaman tentang tindakan saat gempa. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat kesiagaan mahasiswa saat sebelum dan sesudah promosi dan drilling siaga gempa. Metode: Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa/I UNAI yang mengikuti semester padat sebanyak 270 orang. Sampel dipilih dengan menggunakan metode non-probability sampling yang berjumlah 39 orang dari berbagai Fakultas dan Program studi. Kesiapan diobservasi pada sebelum dan sesudah drilling dengan menggunakan lembar check list yang diadopsi dari Buku Pedoman Kesiap-siagaan terhadap Bencana yang diterbitkan oleh BNPB tahun 2017. Hasil: tingkat kesiagaan mahasiswa terhadap bencana gempa saat sebelum dilakukannya promosi dan drilling yaitu (40,5%) atau masuk kategori rendah, dan saat setelah promosi dan drilling kesiagaan bencana gempa didapati tinggi (92,48%) dan berbeda secara signifikan dengan p value >.05. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa promosi dan drilling kesiagaan bencana gempa mampu meningkatkan tingkat kesiagaan mahasiswa terhadap gempa bumi.
STUDI PERUBAHAN DASAR SUNGAI AKIBAT KENAIKAN MUKA AIR DI HILIR SUNGAI JENELATA KAB. GOWA
Authors: Gaffar Farida , Indriyanti Indriyanti , Latif Fauziah 
Published: October 2020

Sungai Jenelata yang memiliki peran penting dalam pengendalian banjir Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa memerlukan perhatian khusus terutama setelah terjadinya longsor di hulu sungai ini yaitu di Gunung Sorong yang memiliki volume longsor 235 juta m3 lumpur dan pasir yang terjadi pada tanggal 26 Maret 2004. Pasir dan lumpur yang terdapat pada bagian hulu sungai akan terbawa di sepanjang sungai yang dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik aliran dan perubahan dasar sungai di sepanjang sungai Jenelata. Daerah bagian hilir sungai Jenelata yang mengalami perubahan karakterstik aliran akan berdampak pada perubahan dasar sungai yang dimana material – material sungai seperti halnya lumpur, pasir, batuan maupun kotoran yang tidak mampu lagi dibawah oleh aliran sungai yang dimana dulunya aliran sungai tersebut cepat menjadi sangat lambat sehingga mendorong terjadinya pengendapan sedimen yang dimana dapat merubah permukanan dasar sungai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik aliran di sungai Jeneleta dan mengetahui pengaruh perubahan dasar sungai terhadap karakteristik aliran pada bagian hilir sungai Jenalata.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik aliran berupa angka Froude menunjukkan pada bagian hilir sungai Jenelata, pada kondisi muka air minimum Fr : 0.067, muka air normal Fr : 0.069 dan muka air maksimum Fr : 0.073 dan Berdasarkan konfigurasi dasar sungai bahwa pada bagian hilir sungai Jenelata berbentuk Anti Dunnes dengan dasar bentuk gelombang yang tidak simetris dimana nilai k 0,01 meter