bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties and Characterization of Temperature-Responsive Asphalt by Using Thermochromic Powder
Authors: Bo Wu , Liu Jinzhou , Peng Weizhi , Peng Wenchuan , Yu Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Asphalt pavement absorbs solar energy efficiently during the summer and loses heat rapidly during the winter because of its black color, which leads to rutting and cracking distresses. The thermochromic powders were used in this study to reverse the process with its ability to dynamically change color (albedo in essence) subject to temperature variations. Three types of thermochromic powders (the red, blue, and black ones) were applied to base asphalt at the contents of 3, 6, and 10 % to prepare the thermochromic asphalt. The gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, physical, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of base and thermochromic asphalt binders were investigated via laboratory tests. The temperature-regulating function of thermochromic asphalt binders was examined in the field. Throughout the study, it is revealed that with the addition of thermochromic powders, the penetration and creep rate of asphalt binder decreased, whereas the softening point, viscosity, rutting parameter, and stiffness increased. When the powder content is 3 %, the intermolecular force within asphalt is enhanced; therefore, the consistency of asphalt is improved while the flow ability is weakened. While the content continues to raise, the thermochromic powder is prone to produce particle agglomeration. Thermochromic asphalt has a much higher specific heat capacity and latent heat than base asphalt, reflecting the principle to regulate temperature. Temperature reduction of 4°C∼5°C was observed for thermochromic asphalt binders compared with base asphalt in the field test. Considering the performance balance and economics, the content of thermochromic powders was recommended to be 5∼6 %. After adding thermochromic powders, the surface temperature of asphalt pavement can be effectively reduced during the summer and the road temperature during the winter will remain adequate to prevent cracking or icing.
Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence Spectra in Polystyrene
Authors: Tsagli K. , Dordevic S. V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our previous study of low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) in several common polymers revealed that PL intensity is, to different degree, temperature dependent in all of them. Even though polystyrene (PS) showed only moderate temperature dependence, it was the only studied polymer in which the wavelength, and therefore the energy, of the PL peak changed with temperature. In this work, we explored that effect in more detail and found that it is not present in all samples. Therefore, the effect is not intrinsic to PS, and we hypothesize that it is due to impurities. Moreover, our analysis revealed that the shift of the peak is due to a second PL peak, which displays a very strong temperature dependence. These PL results are also supplemented with UV-vis measurements on the same samples.
Reduction in Residual Stress during Plastic Deformation of the Aluminum Alloy 7449
Authors: Robinson J. S. , Pirling T. , Truman C. E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rectilinear blocks of the very high-strength aerospace aluminum alloy 7449 were solution treated and cold water quenched. They were then stress relieved immediately by cold compression. The amount of cold compression was systematically varied from 0 to 0.3 %. The amount of plastic strain was limited to well below the industrial standard of ~2 %. The blocks then received a stabilizing aging treatment. The residual stress distribution remaining in the blocks was characterized using neutron diffraction, with the aim of tracking how the through thickness 3-D residual strains and stresses change as cold compression progresses. Stress relief was of the order of 30–50 %, but there was no discernible systematic increase in stress relief as the plastic deformation magnitude was increased. It is suggested that this is mainly due to the differences between the samples being less than the experimental uncertainty of the neutron diffraction strain measurement technique.
Antibiotic resistance and persistence—Implications for human health and treatment perspectives
Authors: Huemer Markus , Mairpady Shambat Srikanth , Brugger Silvio D , Zinkernagel Annelies S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) and persistence are associated with an elevated risk of treatment failure and relapsing infections. They are thus important drivers of increased morbidity and mortality rates resulting in growing healthcare costs. Antibiotic resistance is readily identifiable with standard microbiological assays, and the threat imposed by antibiotic resistance has been well recognized. Measures aiming to reduce resistance development and spreading of resistant bacteria are being enforced. However, the phenomenon of bacteria surviving antibiotic exposure despite being fully susceptible, so‐called antibiotic persistence, is still largely underestimated. In contrast to antibiotic resistance, antibiotic persistence is difficult to measure and therefore often missed, potentially leading to treatment failures. In this review, we focus on bacterial mechanisms allowing evasion of antibiotic killing and discuss their implications on human health. We describe the relationship between antibiotic persistence and bacterial heterogeneity and discuss recent studies that link bacterial persistence and tolerance with the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Finally, we review persister detection methods, novel strategies aiming at eradicating bacterial persisters and the latest advances in the development of new antibiotics.
NETest is superior to chromogranin A in neuroendocrine neoplasia: a prospective ENETS CoE analysis
Authors: Malczewska Anna , Oberg Kjell , Kos-Kudla Beata 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
The absence of a reliable, universal biomarker is a significant limitation in neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) management. We prospectively evaluated two CgA assays, (NEOLISA, EuroDiagnostica) and (CgA ELISA, Demeditec Diagnostics (DD)) and compared the results to the NETest.

Methods
NEN cohort (n = 258): pancreatic, n = 67; small intestine, n = 40; appendiceal, n = 10; rectal, n = 45; duodenal, n = 9; gastric, n = 44; lung, n = 43. Image-positive disease (IPD) (n = 123), image & histology- negative (IND) (n = 106), and image-negative and histology positive (n = 29). CgA metrics: NEOLISA, ULN: 108 ng/mL, DD: ULN: 99 ng/mL. Data mean ± s.e.m. NETest: qRT-PCR – multianalyte analyses, ULN: 20. All samples de-identified and assessed blinded. Statistics: Mann–Whitney U-test, Pearson correlation and McNemar-test.

Results
CgA positive in 53/258 (NEOLISA), 32 (DD) and NETest-positive in 157/258. In image- positive disease (IPD, n = 123), NEOLISA-positive: 33% and DD: 19%. NETest-positive: 122/123 (99%; McNemar’s Chi2= 79–97, P < 0.0001). NEOLISA was more accurate than DD (P = 0.0003). In image- negative disease (IND), CgA was NEOLISA-positive (11%), DD (8%), P = NS, and NETest (33%). CgA assays could not distinguish progressive (PD) from stable disease (SD) or localized from metastatic disease (MD). NETest was significantly higher in PD (47 ± 5) than SD (29 ± 1, P = 0.0009). NETest levels in MD (35 ± 2) were elevated vs localized disease (24 ± 1.3, P = 0.008).

Conclusions
NETest, a multigenomic mRNA biomarker, was ~99% accurate in the identification of NEN disease. The CgA assays detected NEN disease in 19–33%. Multigenomic blood analysis using NETest is more accurate than CgA and should be considered the biomarker standard of care.
Analysing Urban Community Informatics from a Resilience Perspective
Authors: Heeks Richard , Ospina Angelica V. 
Published: December 2020

The concept of resilience – the capacity to cope with, adjust to and potentially transform amid change and uncertainty – is of increasing interest and activity within community development. It therefore presents a new lens that may be used to understand and guide community informatics. Yet resilience is a concept that has often been well-understood but poorly-applied or, when applied, has been poorly-understood. The purpose of this paper is therefore to develop a well-conceptualised model of resilience that can be applied in both community informatics research and practice. The model presented here sees communities as systems and resilience as a set of foundational and enabling system sub-properties. It is used as the basis for analysing ICT interventions in urban communities; showing how ICTs largely strengthen community resilience but may also weaken some aspects. The paper demonstrates the viability of the developed resilience model to both understand and evaluate community informatics interventions, and it argues that this provides a broader and deeper understanding of those interventions than other perspectives can offer. Further practical application of the model is, however, required.
Design for Sustainability: Countering the Drivers of Unsustainability in Development Projects
Authors: Meyer Isabel , Marais Mario Alphonso 
Published: December 2020

Development projects aim to make a difference in communities. Funders often require that the intervention needs to last, or that it needs to effect change that will last, over an extended period of time. In short, a sustainable difference needs to be made and this is an important measure of success. However, there are inherent drivers in the combined system of donors and beneficiaries that counter sustainability. This article explores these drivers, and identifies project design elements that need to be in place in order to promote sustainability by countering the drivers. This approach is applied to an education project, and implications for ICT4D projects are developed.
Toward a Sociocultural Learning Theory Framework to Designing Online learning Communities in Citizen Science
Authors: Kermish-Allen Ruth , Kastelein Kate 
Published: December 2020

How can sociocultural learning theory inform design principles for citizen science online learning communities to inspire local environmental action? The purpose of this article is to identify themes in sociocultural learning theory that could inform the use and development of highly collaborative online learning communities that utilize community informatics tools for citizen science to enable on-the-ground environmental actions. Applying previously established socio-cultural theories provides an opportunity to build on what’s already known about how people learn and collaborate. Finally, this article explains how communities of practice theory, knowledge building theory, and place-based education theory can be woven together to create the basis for development of a conceptual framework.
La piedra angular: sujetos y contextos locales en la implementación de las políticas de inclusión digital-
Authors: Porras Laura , Salinas Bertha , Ramos José Manuel , Huerta Guadalupe 
Published: December 2020

Se analizan las dificultades de implementación local de políticas nacionales o estatales de inclusión digital para la educación y el desarrollo en pequeñas comunidades de México, a partir de cuatro casos. Basados en la investigación realizada pro el grupo de investigación en seis años de trabajo, la constante identificada es la ausencia de estrategias de mediación para adaptarse a la diversidad de contextos y usuarios finales para un uso significativo de la tecnología. Se presentan ejemplos de estrategias de este tipo que han sido desarrolladas y probadas en el campo. Se sostiene la necesidad de reconsiderar la necesidad de estrategias de mediación en la introducción de las TIC
Recareering Happily Ever After: An Analysis Of Job Transition Storytelling In AARP Message Boards
Authors: Spradley Elizabeth Louise 
Published: December 2020

The aging population – those 55 and older – are an increasing percentage of the US population and workforce. Yet, they are struggling to obtain full-time employment when displaced. Experiences of the aging worker are of concern to those investigating organizing processes and use of technology related to employment. This particular research study analyzes computer-mediated storytelling on the American Association of Retired People’s magazine and related message boards revealing: 1) construction of a storytelling virtual community, in which community members 2) utilize stories as social support and 3) discipline unsupportive storytelling.
Fostering cooperative community behavior with IT tools: the influence of a designed deliberative space on efforts to address collective challenges
Authors: Hu Qian , Johnston Erik , Hemphill Libby 
Published: December 2020

How to encourage cooperative behavior and facilitate collaboration amongst diverse stakeholders to achieve collective goals remains a longstanding question in realizing a community’s capacity for local problem solving. Governments have increasingly adopted inclusive processes to engage non-state actors, and especially active engagement of citizens and communities in solving local policy challenges. Yet, the success of this inclusive approach depends on whether and to what extent all involved individuals, interest groups, communities, and government agencies can collectively deliberate and work together. We conducted experiments to explore the potential of IT-facilitated communication environment designed for deliberation activities to address collective challenges. Our unique experimental site for this research is a designed deliberation space that can seat up to 30 participants surrounded by the 260-degree seven-screen communal display. Our study shows that when people deliberate on a local community challenge under the environment with a communal display, they show more cooperative behavior in a social dilemma scenario than those who deliberate on the same challenge presented on individual displays. This study highlights the potential of technology’s influence on public deliberation in such a way as to promoting collective behavior.
Doing High-tech Collaborative Research in the Middle of Borneo:
Authors: Hitchner Sarah 
Published: December 2020

This case study describes the experiences of an anthropologist currently conducting GIS-based ethnographic research in the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysia, using the e-Bario Telecentre as a local collaborating institution, a base for the input and storage of hard and soft copies of data and reports, and as a nexus for training community members to use GIS technology. Grounded in discussion of current collaborative research trends in the fields of anthropology and geography, this paper elaborates on the challenges and benefits of using the technology, facilities, and personnel currently available at the e-Bario Telecentre. It also describes how this current project is laying the foundation for a larger project that will be owned, managed, and used by the local community. This article elaborates on the social, cultural, political, economic, and environmental context in which this project is developing, demonstrating how this research project, and the transfer of technological knowledge that is a key component of it, can be both beneficial and challenging to the Kelabit community. Finally, it offers suggestions for the improvement of e-Bario by suggesting both what e-Bario can do to better serve the needs of researchers in the Kelabit Highlands and what researchers can in turn do to assist e-Bario in meeting its goals to serve the community, visitors, and other researchers.
Bridging the Digital Divide: A Bilingual Interactive Health Kiosk for Communities Affected by Health Disparities
Authors: Bean Kristen , Davis Olga , Valdez Hector 
Published: December 2020

The bilingual interactive health kiosk is a technological intervention to improve access to health education and literacy for underserved communities. A Community-Based Participatory Research methodology was used to obtain information about the prevalence of use and attitudes toward interactive health kiosks with information on HIV/AIDS, mental health, and substance use. Interviews and observations of participants revealed the following themes that are important to consider while implementing an interactive health kiosk: 1) market to people with lower health literacy, 2) address community wants and needs, 3) be conscious of computer competency, and 4) be sensitive to participants’ response to technological supports.
Combined effects of vertical spacers and segregation on mass transport properties of reinforced concrete
Authors: Muslim F. , Wong H. S. , Cheng G. , Alexandrou C. , Liu B. , Buenfeld N. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAll concrete structures contain reinforcement spacers, and deep sections can be affected by bleeding and segregation without displaying visible indications during casting. However, their effects on mass transport and long-term durability are not well studied. In this paper, reinforced concrete columns were prepared with plastic and cementitious spacers to achieve 50 mm cover, and compacted at different vibration frequencies and durations. 28d cured samples were extracted along the height, conditioned to equilibrium (21 °C, 75% RH or 50 °C, 7% RH), and then subjected to water absorption, electrical conduction, epoxy impregnation and fluorescence imaging. Samples from the top of the column consistently gave higher accessible porosity and mass transport compared to samples from the bottom. Presence of spacers caused additional increases in mass transport because of preferential flow through the spacer-concrete interface which is more porous and microcracked compared to bulk concrete farther away. Image analysis on cross-sections showed that the columns experienced some aggregate segregation despite care taken to avoid over-compaction. The resistance of concrete to ingress of aggressive agents decreases with increasing height due to the combined negative effects of reinforcement spacers and segregation.
A new corticolous species of Mycena sect. Viscipelles (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) from the bark of a Living American elm tree in Texas, U.S.A.
Authors: Perry Brian A. , Keller Harold W. , Forrester Edward D. , Stone Billy G. 
Published: December 2020

A Mycena species new to science was obtained from moist chamber cultures of trunk bark of a living American elm tree (Ulmus americana) located in the Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Tarrant County, Texas. This discovery was part of an ongoing study of corticolous myxomycetes on larger American elm trees occurring in Fort Worth nature parks. More than 15 American elm trees were sampled for trunk bark but only a single tree yielded Mycena basidiomes. Collections of bark began in the summer of 2017 and continued until the beginning of 2020. Bark samples from the north, south and west side of the tree yielded fruit bodies of the mushroom in moist chamber culture. No fruit bodies were observed in nature nor were early formation stages on the underside of the bark. Crystals previously described in another study were present on the bark surfaces, edges, and undersides. Habit and morphological development were photographed using light microscopy applying multifocal imaging and computer stacking to increase depth of field. Basidiome development was observed and photographed from the earliest primordial beginning stage, the button stage, intermediate stage and the final emerging stalk elongation and mature cap formation stage. Mature mushroom development took from 9 to 21 days after wetting the bark in moist chamber cultures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to illustrate development of the button stage, emerging stalk and pileus stage, and the fully mature pileus, lamellae, and pseudocollarium. Morphological features and DNA sequence data confirmed that this Mycena species was undescribed and distinct from other Mycena taxa. Morphological features suggest placement of the novel taxon in Mycena sect. Viscipelles, distinct from other members based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis.
Manejo de conflictos y atención a las necesidades de los centros educativos
Authors: Rangel Ledezma Yunuen Socorro , Arzola Franco David Manuel , González Ortiz Ana María , Conchas Ramírez Miguel 
Published: December 2020

El artículo aborda el manejo de conflictos y la capacidad de respuesta de los colectivos escolares, incluyendo docentes y directivos. Por tanto, su objetivo es analizar la percepción de los docentes sobre el manejo de conflictos dentro del colectivo escolar, integrado por estudiantes, docentes, directivos, personal administrativo, madres y padres de familia. Fundamentado en un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo se aplicó un cuestionario sobre clima participativo, con una muestra de 814 docentes de educación básica primaria, en México, dentro del estado de Chihuahua, seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Las respuestas se procesaron mediante un análisis descriptivo de frecuencias. Se evidenció la existencia de un reconocimiento al trabajo de los directivos y la capacidad para enfrentar los problemas; en contraste, la iniciativa y disposición personal del profesorado tienen puntajes bajos. Por otra parte, el trabajo colectivo, aunque presenta puntajes intermedios, es un indicador de cambio cultural. En conclusión, existe una disparidad entre los atributos del directivo con respecto a los del personal docente; la participación se considera un elemento importante en la toma de decisiones, específicamente en el Consejo Técnico Escolar.
FOLGA FINANCEIRA E INOVAÇÃO EMPRESARIAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos David Ferreira Lopes , Guevara Matheus Moreira dos Santos , Rodrigues Santiago Valcacer 
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa analisa a influência da folga financeira no nível de investimentos em inovação empresarial no Brasil entre 2010 e 2014. O posicionamento desta pesquisa procura contribuir no melhor entendimento da relação controversa entre a estratégia baseada em folga financeira e os gastos nos recursos de inovação, por meio de um modelo exploratório. A amostra compreende as 100 maiores empresas não financeiras listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo. Os gastos relativos aos investimentos em inovação foram tomados por meio de disclosure das notas explicativas e relatórios de gestão entre os anos de 2011 a 2014. A folga financeira foi estratificada em disponível, recuperável e potencial de modo que os dados foram construídos a partir das demonstrações financeiras padronizadas de 2010 a 2013. Empregou-se a análise de regressão com dados em painel balanceado, com a técnica dos mínimos quadrados ponderados. Os resultados evidenciam que a folga financeira disponível impacta de forma significativa os investimentos em inovação e para a folga recuperável, somente, os excedentes em marketing influenciam os investimentos em inovação. A avaliação do modelo empírico traz novas evidências para o tema, em especial, para a realidade brasileira.