bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household fuel use and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a Ghanaian cohort study
Authors: Weber Eartha , Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame , Vermeulen Roel , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Grobbee Diederick E. , Browne Joyce L. , Downward George S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Accruing epidemiological evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to emissions from cooking fuel is associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, low birth weight, stillbirth and infant mortality. We aimed to investigate the relationship between cooking fuel use and various pregnancy related outcomes in a cohort of urban women from the Accra region of Ghana.

Methods
Self-reported cooking fuel use was divided into “polluting” (wood, charcoal, crop residue and kerosene) and “clean” fuels (liquid petroleum gas and electricity) to examine 12 obstetric outcomes in a prospective cohort of pregnant women (N = 1010) recruited at < 17 weeks of gestation from Accra, Ghana. Logistic and multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for BMI, maternal age, maternal education and socio-economic status asset index was conducted.

Results
34% (n = 279) of 819 women with outcome data available for analysis used polluting fuel as their main cooking fuel. Using polluting cooking fuels was associated with perinatal mortality (aOR: 7.6, 95%CI: 1.67–36.0) and an adverse Apgar score (< 7) at 5 min (aOR:3.83, 95%CI: (1.44–10.11). The other outcomes (miscarriage, post-partum hemorrhage, pre-term birth, low birthweight, caesarian section, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, small for gestational age, and Apgar score at 1 min) had non-statistically significant findings.

Conclusions
We report an increased likelihood of perinatal mortality, and adverse 5-min Apgar scores in association with polluting fuel use. Further research including details on extent of household fuel use exposure is recommended to better quantify the consequences of household fuel use.

Study registration
Ghana Service Ethical Review Committee (GHS-ERC #: 07–9-11).
Unsupervised Bayesian learning for rice panicle segmentation with UAV images
Authors: Hayat Md Abul , Wu Jingxian , Cao Yingli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this paper, an unsupervised Bayesian learning method is proposed to perform rice panicle segmentation with optical images taken by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) over paddy fields. Unlike existing supervised learning methods that require a large amount of labeled training data, the unsupervised learning approach detects panicle pixels in UAV images by analyzing statistical properties of pixels in an image without a training phase. Under the Bayesian framework, the distributions of pixel intensities are assumed to follow a multivariate Gaussian mixture model (GMM), with different components in the GMM corresponding to different categories, such as panicle, leaves, or background. The prevalence of each category is characterized by the weights associated with each component in the GMM. The model parameters are iteratively learned by using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with Gibbs sampling, without the need of labeled training data.ResultsApplying the unsupervised Bayesian learning algorithm on diverse UAV images achieves an average recall, precision andF1score of 96.49%, 72.31%, and 82.10%, respectively. These numbers outperform existing supervised learning approaches.ConclusionsExperimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately identify panicle pixels in UAV images taken under diverse conditions.
The short-term outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy or stereotactic body radiation therapy for pulmonary metastasis from epithelial tumors
Authors: Kanzaki Ryu , Suzuki Osamu , Kanou Takashi , Ose Naoko , Funaki Soichiro , Shintani Yasushi , Minami Masato , Tamari Keisuke , Otani Keisuke , Seo Yuji , Isohashi Fumiaki , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Okumura Meinoshin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has recently been widely performed for relatively small-volume tumors. We analyzed the short-term outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) or SBRT for pulmonary metastases.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of 82 patients with pulmonary metastasis from epithelial tumors who underwent PM or SBRT between 2013 and 2016.

Results
Fifty-nine patients underwent PM, 21 patients underwent SBRT, and 2 patients underwent combined PM and SBRT. The mean age of the PM group was significantly lower than that of the SBRT group (60.6 vs 67.4 years, p = 0.03). The most frequent types of primary tumor in the PM and SBRT groups were colorectal cancer (n = 27, 46%) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8, 38%), respectively. The rate of treatment-associated complications did not differ between the two groups to a statistically significant extent (20% vs 24%, p = 0.76). The 3-year local control rates of the two groups were similar (PM group, 88%; SBRT group, 92%; p = 0.48). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of the PM group were better than that of SBRT groups (42% vs 11%, p = 0.01). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates of the PM and SBRT groups were 77 and 52% respectively; although the rate of the PM group was higher, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.10).

Conclusions
SBRT provides a favorable 3-year local control rate. The 3-year OS rate of the SBRT group tended to be lower than that of the PM group, despite the difference was not statistically significant. PM and SBRT play complementary roles in patients with pulmonary metastases.
Combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors yields durable remission in PDX models of PIK3CA-mutated metaplastic breast cancers
Authors: Coussy F. , El Botty R. , Lavigne M. , Gu C. , Fuhrmann L. , Briaux A. , de Koning L. , Dahmani A. , Montaudon E. , Morisset L. , Huguet L. , Sourd L. , Painsec P. , Chateau-Joubert S. , Larcher T. , Vacher S. , Melaabi S. , Salomon A. Vincent , Marangoni E. , Bieche I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare form of breast cancer characterized by an aggressive clinical presentation, with a poor response to standard chemotherapy. MBCs are typically triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), frequently with alterations to genes of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK signaling pathways. The objective of this study was to determine the response to PI3K and MAPK pathway inhibitors in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of MBCs with targetable alterations.MethodsWe compared survival between triple-negative MBCs and other histological subtypes, in a clinical cohort of 323 TNBC patients. PDX models were established from primary breast tumors classified as MBC. PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK pathway alterations were detected by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and analyses of copy number alterations. Activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK signaling pathways was analyzed with reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA). PDXs carrying an activating mutation ofPIK3CAand genomic changes to the RTK-MAPK signaling pathways were treated with a combination consisting of a PI3K inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor.ResultsIn our clinical cohort, the patients with MBC had a worse prognosis than those with other histological subtypes. We established nine metaplastic TNBC PDXs. Three had a pathogenic mutation ofPIK3CAand additional alterations to genes associated with RTK-MAPK signaling. The MBC PDXs expressed typical EMT and stem cell genes and were of the mesenchymal or mesenchymal stem-like TNBC subtypes. On histological analysis, MBC PDXs presented squamous or chondroid differentiation. RPPA analysis showed activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo, the combination of PI3K and MAPK inhibitors displayed marked antitumor activity in PDXs carrying genomic alterations ofPIK3CA,AKT1,BRAF, andFGFR4.ConclusionThe treatment of metaplastic breast cancer PDXs by activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK pathways at the genomic and protein levels with a combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors resulted in tumor regression in mutated models and may therefore be of interest for therapeutic purposes.
Can body mass index influence the fracture zone in the fifth metatarsal base? A retrospective review
Authors: Pugliese M. , De Meo D. , Sinno E. , Pambianco V. , Cavallo A. U. , Persiani P. , Villani C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFifth metatarsal base fracture are a common occurrence in the orthopaedic practice. Literature on the epidemiology of such fractures is scarce. The aim of this analysis was to study the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the zone of the fifth metatarsal base involved by the fracture.MethodsData on adult patients who have been diagnosed with isolated fifth metatarsal base fracture were gathered at our Institution (blinded for review). Age, sex, height, weight and injury mechanism were collected from electronic medical records. Fractures were classified according to the Lawrence and Botte classification (Zone 1, 2 and 3) by three independent reviewers.ResultsFrom March 2016 to December 2018, 149 patients (109 women and 40 men) have been diagnosed with fifth metatarsal base fracture. Average age and BMI at the time of injury were 51.9 (SD 17.1, range 18–84) and 24.0 (SD 3.8, range 16.4–36.7) respectively. Fracture distribution was 63.8% in zone 1, 23.5% in zone 2, 12.7% in zone 3. 12.1% of patients had a BMI < 20 kg/m2, 57.7% between 20 and 24.9 kg/m2, 22.2% between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2 and 8.0% over 30 kg/m2. No statistically significant differences attributable to sex (p = 0.774) or age (p = 0.379) were found between different zones of fracture. Average BMI was found to be higher in the zone 3 (26.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2) fracture group than in zone 1 (23.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2) (p = 0.031).ConclusionThe prevalence of proximal diaphysis (zone 3) fractures rises proportionally with BMI in our sample study. BMI appears to have an impact on fifth metatarsal base fractures pattern.
The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Shijiao , Gan Yong , Jiang Nan , Wang Rixing , Chen Yunqiang , Luo Zhiqian , Zong Qiao , Chen Song , Lv Chuanzhu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To quantitatively summarize the available epidemiological evidence on the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and the references of retrieved articles were manually reviewed to identify studies reporting the outcome of OHCA patients who received CPR. The overall incidence and outcome of OHCA were assessed using a random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
A total of 141 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled incidence of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was 29.7% (95% CI 27.6–31.7%), the rate of survival to hospital admission was 22.0% (95% CI 20.7–23.4%), the rate of survival to hospital discharge was 8.8% (95% CI 8.2–9.4%), the pooled 1-month survival rate was 10.7% (95% CI 9.1–13.3%), and the 1-year survival rate was 7.7% (95% CI 5.8–9.5%). Subgroup analysis showed that survival to hospital discharge was more likely among OHCA patients whose cardiac arrest was witnessed by a bystander or emergency medical services (EMS) (10.5%; 95% CI 9.2–11.7%), who received bystander CPR (11.3%, 95% CI 9.3–13.2%), and who were living in Europe and North America (Europe 11.7%; 95% CI 10.5–13.0%; North America: 7.7%; 95% CI 6.9–8.6%). The survival to discharge (8.6% in 1976–1999 vs. 9.9% in 2010–2019), 1-month survival (8.0% in 2000–2009 vs. 13.3% in 2010–2019), and 1-year survival (8.0% in 2000–2009 vs. 13.3% in 2010–2019) rates of OHCA patients who underwent CPR significantly increased throughout the study period. The Egger’s test did not indicate evidence of publication bias for the outcomes of OHCA patients who underwent CPR.

Conclusions
The global survival rate of OHCA patients who received CPR has increased in the past 40 years. A higher survival rate post-OHCA is more likely among patients who receive bystander CPR and who live in Western countries.
Consequences of larval competition and exposure to permethrin for the development of the rodent malaria Plasmodium berghei in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Hauser Gaël , Thiévent Kevin , Koella Jacob C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Mosquitoes and other vectors are often exposed to sublethal doses of insecticides. Larvae can be exposed to the run-off of agricultural use, and adults can be irritated by insecticides used against them and move away before they have picked up a lethal dose. This sublethal exposure may affect the success of control of insect-borne diseases, for it may affect the competence of insects to transmit parasites, in particular if the insects are undernourished.

Methods
We assessed how exposure of larvae and adults to a sublethal dose of permethrin (a pyrethroid) and how larval competition for food affect several aspects of the vector competence of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae for the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. We infected mosquitoes with P. berghei and measured the longevity and the prevalence and intensity of infection to test for an effect of our treatments.

Results
Our general result was that the exposure to the insecticide helped mosquitoes deal with infection by malaria. Exposure of either larvae or adults decreased the likelihood that mosquitoes were infected by about 20%, but did not effect the parasite load. Exposure also increased the lifespan of infected mosquitoes, but only if they had been reared in competition. Larval competition had no effect on the prevalence of infection, but increased parasite load. These effects may be a consequence of the machinery governing oxidative stress, which underlies the responses of mosquitoes to insecticides, to food stress and to parasites.

Conclusions
We conclude that insecticide residues are likely to affect the ability of mosquitoes to carry and transmit pathogens such as malaria, irrespective of the stage at which they are exposed to the insecticide. Our results stress the need for further studies to consider sublethal doses in the context of vector ecology and vector-borne disease epidemiology.
The buffy coat method: a tool for detection of blood parasites without staining procedures
Authors: Chagas Carolina R. F. , Binkienė Rasa , Ilgūnas Mikas , Iezhova Tatjana , Valkiūnas Gediminas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBlood parasites belonging to the Apicomplexa, Trypanosomatidae and Filarioidea are widespread in birds and have been studied extensively. Microscopical examination (ME) of stained blood films remains the gold standard method for the detection of these infections in birds, particularly because co-infections predominate in wildlife. None of the available molecular tools can detect all co-infections at the same time, but ME provides opportunities for this to be achieved. However, fixation, drying and staining of blood films as well as their ME are relatively time-consuming. This limits the detection of infected hosts during fieldwork when captured animals should be released soon after sampling. It is an obstacle for quick selection of donor hosts for parasite experimental, histological and other investigations in the field. This study modified, tested and described the buffy coat method (BCM) for quick diagnostics (~ 20 min/sample) of avian blood parasites.MethodsBlood of 345 birds belonging to 42 species was collected, and each sample was examined using ME of stained blood films and the buffy coat, which was examined after centrifugation in capillary tubes and after being transferred to objective glass slides. Parasite detection using these methods was compared using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and Cohen’s kappa index.ResultsHaemoproteus,Leucocytozoon,Plasmodium, microfilariae,TrypanosomaandLankesterellaparasites were detected. BCM had a high sensitivity (> 90%) and specificity (> 90%) for detection ofHaemoproteusand microfilariae infections. It was of moderate sensitivity (57%) and high specificity (> 90%) forLankesterellainfections, but of low sensitivity (20%) and high specificity (> 90%) forLeucocytozooninfections.TrypanosomaandPlasmodiumparasites were detected only by BCM and ME, respectively. According to Cohen’s kappa index, the agreement between two diagnostic tools was substantial forHaemoproteus(0.80), moderate forLankesterella(0.46) and fair for microfilariae andLeucocytozoon(0.28) infections.ConclusionsBCM is sensitive and recommended as a quick and reliable tool to detectHaemoproteus,Trypanosomaand microfilariae parasites during fieldwork. However, it is not suitable for detection of species ofLeucocytozoonandPlasmodium. BCM is a useful tool for diagnostics of blood parasite co-infections. Its application might be extended to studies of blood parasites in other vertebrates during field studies.
Association between serum level of urate and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from the SCAPIS Pilot
Authors: Drivelegka Panagiota , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena , Angerås Oskar , Bergström Göran , Schmidt Caroline , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Dehlin Mats 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Hyperuricemia is closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it has not been definitively established whether this association is independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and whether it is gender-dependent. The aim of this study was to investigate in a population-based cohort (age range, 50–64 years) stratified by sex the association between the serum urate (SU) concentration and subclinical atherosclerosis, as reflected in the coronary artery calcification (CAC) score, common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and carotid plaque score.

Methods
The study involved participants in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) Pilot cohort (N = 1040; 48.8% males). This pilot cohort is part of the large population-based SCAPIS with 30,000 participants in the age range of 50–64 years, aimed at improving risk prediction for CVD. Subjects with a self-reported previous history of CVD (N = 68) or gout (N = 3) were excluded. The CAC score was assessed with the Agatston method using computed tomography. CIMT and carotid plaques were quantified by ultrasound. The associations between the SU quartiles and different levels of CAC, CIMT, and carotid plaques were assessed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Age, BMI, education level, smoking, physical activity, hs-CRP, hypertension, and dyslipidemia showed no differences between males and females, while CAC (score > 0) and diabetes were both twice as common in men than in women (58% vs 26% and 8% vs 4%, respectively). Higher SU quartiles were in both sexes associated with BMI, hs-CRP, and the prevalence of hypertension, and in women, they were also associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. The three upper quartiles of SU (>308μmol/L) were linked to higher CAC scores in men, when adjusting for CVRFs, but not in women. CIMT and carotid plaques showed no correlation to SU in either sex.

Conclusions
Higher levels of SU are associated with the presence of CAC in men but not in women, whereas SU is not associated with CIMT or carotid plaques in either men or women. This implies that the biological effects of SU differ in men and women or that SU has varying effects on different vascular beds or during the different stages of the atherosclerotic process.
Investigating lupus retention in care to inform interventions for disparities reduction: an observational cohort study
Authors: Bartels Christie M. , Rosenthal Ann , Wang Xing , Ahmad Umber , Chang Ian , Ezeh Nnenna , Garg Shivani , Schletzbaum Maria , Kind Amy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) disproportionately impacts patients of color and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Similar disparities in HIV were reduced through a World Health Organization-endorsed Care Continuum strategy targeting “retention in care,” defined as having at least two annual visits or viral load lab tests. Using similar definitions, this study aimed to examine predictors of lupus retention in care, to develop an SLE Care Continuum and inform interventions to reduce disparities. We hypothesized that Black patients and those residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods would have lower retention in care.

Methods
Abstractors manually validated 545 potential adult cases with SLE codes in 2013–2014 using 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) or 2012 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria. We identified 397 SLE patients who met ACR or SLICC criteria for definite lupus, had at least one baseline rheumatology visit, and were alive through 2015. Retention in care was defined as having two ambulatory rheumatology visits or SLE labs (e.g., complement tests) during the outcome year 2015, analogous to HIV retention definitions. Explanatory variables included age, sex, race, ethnicity, smoking status, neighborhood area deprivation index (ADI), number of SLE criteria, and nephritis. We used multivariable logistic regression to test our hypothesis and model predictors of SLE retention in care.

Results
Among 397 SLE patients, 91% were female, 56% White, 39% Black, and 5% Hispanic. Notably, 51% of Black versus 5% of White SLE patients resided in the most disadvantaged ADI neighborhood quartile. Overall, 60% met visit-defined retention and 27% met complement lab-defined retention in 2015. Retention was 59% lower for patients in the most disadvantaged neighborhood quartile (adjusted OR 0.41, CI 0.18, 0.93). No statistical difference was seen based on age, sex, race, or ethnicity. More SLE criteria and non-smoking predicted greater retention.

Conclusions
Disadvantaged neighborhood residence was the strongest factor predicting poor SLE retention in care. Future interventions could geo-target disadvantaged neighborhoods and design retention programs with vulnerable populations to improve retention in care and reduce SLE outcome disparities.
Correlation between dental caries experience and the level of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in saliva and carious teeth in a Yemeni adult population
Authors: Sounah Sabah A. , Madfa Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to determine the relative amounts of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli (LBs) and their relationship with dental caries among a Yemeni adult population.

Results
A positive correlation appeared between SM and LB counts from saliva and caries tissue samples and the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between SM and LBs in caries tissue (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between SM and LBs isolated from saliva samples (p > 0.05). The number of SM and LBs in subjects with active caries was significantly higher than that in those without active caries (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the daily habits and SM and LB or DMFT scores (p > 0.05), except for a significant difference between brushing frequency and DMFT score (p < 0.05).