bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐223 improves intestinal inflammation through inhibiting the IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway in dextran sodium sulfate‐induced experimental colitis
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Wang Chenyang , Guo Zhen , Da Binlin , Zhu Weiming , Li Qiurong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not yet been clarified and is closely related to several pro‐inflammatory factors. MicroRNA‐233 (miR‐223) might be involved in the development of IBD; however, the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we attempted to determine the role of miR‐223 in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis and explore the involvement of the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway in the development of intestinal mucosal inflammation.Materials and MethodsExcept control (WT) group, male C57BL/6 mice were provided DSS, then treated for with miR‐223 agomir or antagomir including DSS group, DSS + miR‐223 agomir (DSS + A) group, and DSS + miR‐223 antagomir (DSS + AN) group. The colitis symptoms were observed, the disease activity index (DAI) score were recorded daily, and colonic inflammation was evaluated by histopathological scoring. The expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), cytokines and IL‐6/STAT3 pathway‐related proteins were measured.ResultsmiR‐223 expression in the terminal ileum and colon was increased in the DSS group compared with the WT group. Colitis symptoms were significantly alleviated in the DSS + A group and exacerbated in the DSS + AN group after administration of the miR‐223 agomir and antagomir, respectively. MPO, tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐17 were decreased and IL‐10 was increased in the DSS + A group, but these changes were reversed in the DSS + AN group. Gp130, p‐STAT3, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xl in the colon declined in the DSS + A group, but these levels increased in the DSS + AN group.ConclusionsThe upregulation of miR‐223 by agomir administration alleviated colonic inflammation in a DSS‐induced colitis model, which was likely mediated by inhibiting the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines via the IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that miR‐223 might have potential therapeutic implications in IBD.
Rethinking priority: The dawn of the relative priority rule and the new “best interests of creditors” test in the European Union
Authors: Krohn Axel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article identifies one aspect of the cross‐class cram‐down from the EU Directive on restructuring and insolvency that has not drawn wide attention to date. In addition to giving EU Member States the option of a “relative priority rule,” the European legislator has introduced a new “best interest of creditors” test, which does not—like in Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code—use the value that a party could expect in a hypothetical liquidation as a comparator but refers to the “next‐best‐alternative scenario.” First, this article addresses the concepts of the absolute and relative priority rule from the Directive and explores the motives for introducing the relative priority rule. In particular, a demand for more flexibility in restructuring negotiations, the call for an instrument to overcome structural hold‐out positions of preferential (priority) creditors in some Member States, as well as a trend in Europe to break with the “traditional laws of insolvency law” of law and economics seem to have inspired the legislator in drawing up the relative priority rule. This article then deals with the new “best interest” test and examines its interaction with the relative priority rule. It is shown that the concept of combining the new “best interest” test with the relative priority rule is coherent in theory. However, this article remains skeptical as to whether this interaction can succeed in practice, as the new “best interest” test is likely to add another stress point to the negotiations of restructuring plans.
Cortical spreading depression aggravates early brain injury in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Tang Yue , She Deyuan , Li Pengcheng , Pan Li , Lu Jinling , Liu Peng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCortical spreading depression (CSD) has been observed during the early phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the effect of CSD on the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxyhemoglobin (CHbO) during the early phase of SAH has not yet been assessed directly. We, therefore, used laser speckle imaging and optical intrinsic sinal imaging to record CBF and CHbO during CSD and cerebral cortex perfusion (CCP) at 24 hours after CSD in a mouse model of SAH. SAH was induced by blood injection into the prechiasmatic cistern. When CSD occurred, the change trend of CBF and CHbO in Sham group and SAH group was the same, but ischemia and hypoxia in SAH group was more significant. At 24 hours after SAH, the CCP of CSD group was lower than that of no CSD group, and the neurological function score of CSD group was lower. We conclude that induction of CSD further aggravates cerebral ischemia and worsens neurological dysfunction in the early stage of experimental SAH. Our study underscores the consequence of CSD in the development of early brain injury after SAH.
The development of awareness of racism in adolescents of color over 4 years of high school
Authors: Seider Scott , Graves Daren , Diaz Brianna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis mixed methods, longitudinal study considered the developing awareness of racism of adolescents of color over 4 years of high school. A series of latent growth models were fit to consider participating adolescents' (n = 643) developing awareness of interpersonal and institutional forms of racism over five waves of surveys. Additionally, four waves of interviews with a subset of adolescents (n = 70) were analyzed through a multistep process consistent with qualitative research methods that seek to balance etic/outsider and emic/insider perspectives Participating adolescents demonstrated significant, linear growth in their awareness of interpersonal and systemic forms of racism between middle and late adolescence. Participating adolescents also most frequently cited examples of racism in the systemic domain of power to demonstrate their understanding of racism, and their invocation of examples of systemic racism grew more frequent as they advanced through high school. The present study revealed that, on average, adolescents' awareness of racism increases significantly between middle and late adolescence, but also that there is considerable heterogeneity in the ways that adolescents of color recognize and understand racism.
Using photovoice to understand and amplify youth voices to prevent sexual and relationship violence
Authors: Banyard Victoria , Edwards Katie , Herrington Ramona , Hopfauf Skyler , Simon Briana , Shroll Linda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsEfforts to improve prevention of sexual and relationship violence (SRV) among adolescents call for more centering of youth voices, experiences, and skills to design prevention programs that incorporate youth engagement rather than those that are designed by adults for youth. Amplifying the voices of historically marginalized youth are especially needed. Photovoice (PV) is a participatory action method that can empower youth and generate prevention knowledge.MethodsThe current project used PV to engage youth in late middle and early high school to discuss how they could work to prevent SRV in their community. A convenience sample of nine youth (predominately Native American) participated over seven sessions.ResultsA key theme they generated is that SRV prevention needs to be viewed as relational. Participants described the complexity of prevention, including how youth need social support to thrive and prevent SRV and that asking for help can be challenging. Results also highlighted that youth can provide help and support, but it is not always welcome in addition to underscoring that youth are resilient and can be prevention leaders.ConclusionInnovations in SRV prevention, especially for older adolescents, should work to engage youth as prevention partners. Participatory research methods like photovoice can be an important part of that process.
The simple right ventricle contraction pressure index: A novel method for echocardiographic assessment of right ventricle dysfunction in acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Acar Emrah , Ozgul Neryan , Izci Servet 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe simple right ventricular contraction pressure index (sRVCPI) is a new echocardiographic variable for estimating the right ventricular systolic function. Our aim was to investigate the association between the sRVCPI, the pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI), and mortality rate in acute pulmonary embolism (APE).MethodsWe included in this study 116 patients diagnosed with APE by pulmonary computed tomography angiography or ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy. They were divided into two groups based on the simplified PESI < or >1. Tricuspid regurgitation velocity and TAPSE were measured and used for sRVCPI calculation.ResultsMortality was higher in patients with a higher sRVCPI (P < .001). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using a cut‐off level of 312.8 mm Hg mm, sRVCPI predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 86.8% and specificity of 69.5% (ROC area under curve: 0.712; 95%CI 0.597‐0.882; P < .001). The sRVCPI was lower in the sPESI >1 than in the sPESI <1 group (364.3 ± 31.9 vs 511.6 ± 26.1; P < .001). There was an inverse correlation between sRVCPI and the sPESI score (−0.784; P < .001).ConclusionThe sRVCPI correlated with the sPESI score and was associated with mortality in patients with APE. This easily measurable variable may be used to predict short‐term mortality in APE patients.
Transitioning into an online dental hygiene degree‐completion program
Authors: Nguyen Kristie , Gottlieb Riki , Kanji Zul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe University of British Columbia's (UBC) Dental Hygiene Degree‐Completion (DC) program has offered an academic pathway for dental hygienists to earn a degree exclusively through an online delivery format since 2006. The students’ experiences transitioning to online learning and related student support needs have not been previously studied. Thus, this study investigated students’ experiences as they entered an online dental hygiene DC programMethodsAn online survey with open‐ended and closed‐ended questions was distributed to all 53 currently enrolled dental hygiene DC students in September 2019ResultsThirty‐two students completed the survey for a 60% response rate. Most student respondents (78%) had no prior experience with online education. Only 59% of respondents were confident in their abilities to navigate a Web‐based learning environment. Three‐quarters (75%) of respondents felt like a valued member of the Faculty of Dentistry community but only 47% felt they belonged to the larger university community. Most (72%) were familiar with the support resources within the Faculty but fewer than half (41%) were aware of additional resources outside of the Faculty. Students aged 30 years and older felt more comfortable reaching out to faculty and staff members (90% vs. 55%; P = 0.05). Students with prior online learning experience were more aware of student support resources outside of the Faculty (57% vs. 36%; P = 0.05)ConclusionLessons learned from this study have informed several recommendations to better support student transition to online learning that can be applicable to this program and in other institutions.
Microscopic anatomical, immunohistochemical, and morphometric characterization of the terminal airways of the lung in cetaceans
Authors: Otero‐Sabio Cristina , Centelleghe Cinzia , Corain Livio , Graïc Jean‐Marie , Cozzi Bruno , Rivero Miguel , Consoli Francesco , Peruffo Antonella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe lungs of cetaceans undergo anatomical and physiological adaptations that facilitate extended breath‐holding during dives. Here, we present new insights on the ontogeny of the microscopic anatomy of the terminal portion of the airways of the lungs in five cetacean species: the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus); the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), the Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris); the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); and the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). We (a) studied the histology of the terminal portion of the airways; (b) used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to characterize the muscle fibers with antibodies against smooth muscle (sm‐) actin, sm‐myosin, and desmin; (c) the innervation of myoelastic sphincters (MESs) with an antibody against neurofilament protein; and (d) defined the diameter of the terminal bronchioles, the diameter and length of the alveoli, the thickness of the septa, the major and minor axis, perimeter and section area of the cartilaginous rings by quantitative morphometric analyses in partially inflated lung tissue. As already reported in the literature, in bottlenose and striped dolphins, a system of MESs was observed in the terminal bronchioles. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of smooth muscle in the terminal bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar septa in all the examined species. Some neurofilaments were observed close to the MESs in both bottlenose and striped dolphins. In fin, sperm, and Cuvier's beaked whales, we noted a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle going from the terminal bronchioles to the alveolar sacs. The morphometric analysis allowed to quantify the structural differences among cetacean species by ranking them into groups according to the adjusted mean values of the morphometric parameters measured. Our results contribute to the current understanding of the anatomy of the terminal airways of the cetacean lung and the role of the smooth muscle in the alveolar collapse reflex, crucial for prolonged breath‐holding diving.
Apoptosis‐induced T‐cell lymphopenia is related to COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Cizmecioglu Ahmet , Akay Cizmecioglu Hilal , Goktepe Mevlut Hakan , Emsen Ayca , Korkmaz Celalettin , Esenkaya Tasbent Fatma , Colkesen Fatma , Artac Hasibe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreased levels of acute‐phase reactants and lymphopenia are predictors of disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This study aimed to investigate the role of apoptosis in the etiology of lymphopenia in patients with COVID‐19. This multicentered, prospective, and case‐control study was conducted with polymerase chain reaction (+) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) patients, and an age–gender‐matched control group. Samples were taken at the time of diagnosis and analyzed via flow cytometry within 24 h. The participants' demographic data and initial laboratory tests were also recorded. In total, 33 patients with COVID‐19 (mean age = 45.4 ± 17.2) and 25 controls (mean age = 43.4 ± 17.4) participated in the study. All patients were identified as having mild (16), moderate (5), or severe (12) disease severity. Both early and late apoptotic cells in B and T lymphocytes were increased in all patients with COVID‐19 (p < .05). Early apoptotic (EA) B and T lymphocytes were also higher in severe cases compared to mild cases (p = .026). There was no significant difference between lymphopenia and apoptosis in patients with COVID‐19. However, patients with lymphopenia (n = 14) and severe COVID‐19 (p = .013) had increased EA T lymphocytes. This study's results show that B and T lymphocytes' apoptosis increases in patients with COVID‐19. In addition, enhanced T lymphocyte apoptosis is associated with disease severity in lymphopenic patients with COVID‐19.
Respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 response: Microbiota as lactobacilli could make the difference
Authors: Zrelli Samia , Amairia Safa , Zrelli Malek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by respiratory syndrome coronavirus qualified as SARS‐CoV‐2. Viral penetration requires binding of the viral spike (S) protein to a specific cellular receptor (ACE2) highly expressed in a nasal goblet and ciliated cells. In several countries, the COVID‐19 evolution was relatively benign compared to others and despite noncompliance with health recommendations on several occasions. In this overview, we attempt to define the criteria that could explain such a difference. Among these criteria, the specificity of Lactobacillus genus strains, as a part of nasal microbiota, could play a role of a barrier against viral penetration and could strengthen the host's immune system in some populations rather than others. In fact, several studies have shown the role of lactic acid bacteria, including lactobacilli, in the prevention of viral respiratory infections. This could provide important information on a possible mechanism of the virus spreading.
Berberine impairs coxsackievirus B3‐induced myocarditis through the inhibition of virus replication and host pro‐inflammatory response
Authors: Dai Qian , He Xiaomei , Yu Hua , Bai Ying , Jiang Lu , Sheng Halei , Peng Jin , Wang Maolin , Yu Jiang , Zhang Kebin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBerberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma coptidis, is reported to possess antiviral activity. Our previous study has shown that BBR alleviates coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) replication in HeLa cells. However, the anti‐CVB3 activity of BBR is still unclear in vivo. In this study, we explored the effect of BBR on CVB3‐induced viral myocarditis in mice. These results demonstrated the beneficial effect of BBR on alleviating CVB3‐induced myocarditis in vivo, which sheds new light on the utility of BBR as a therapeutic strategy against CVB3‐induced viral myocarditis.
Changes in volatile organic composition of olive oil extracted from cv. ‘Leccino’ fruit subjected to ethylene treatments at different ripening stages
Authors: Dourou Athanasia‐Maria , Brizzolara Stefano , Famiani Franco , Tonutti Pietro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlive, as a non‐climacteric fruit, is presumed to be ethylene independent with regard to ripening triggering/coordination. Nevertheless, studies have demonstrated that postharvest ethylene treatments induce changes in composition and properties also of non‐climacteric fruits, including aroma profiles, a key quality parameter of extra virgin olive oils. Olive fruit of cv. ‘Leccino’ harvested at two distinct ripening stages (less advanced ripening, LAR; and more advanced ripening, MAR, with Jaén index of 4.58 and 5.10, respectively) were subjected to ethylene (1000 ppm in air) treatment for 24 h before oil extraction.RESULTSBased on multivariate analysis of volatile organic compound (VOCs), the effect of ethylene treatment appeared to be more pronounced in MAR samples. However, differences in organoleptic analysis were also detected in ethylene‐treated LAR olive oils. Ethylene seems to selectively affect linolenic/linoleic acid metabolism, particularly concerning the C5 pathway, and reduce specific defect‐associated compounds.CONCLUSIONExogenous ethylene applied to cv. ‘Leccino’ olives before processing was effective in inducing specific changes in the VOC profiles of the resulting oil. The effect was different depending on the ripening stage of the harvested olives. The lipoxygenase pathway (including the production of C5 compounds) and fermentative‐related compounds appeared to be affected by the treatment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of margin status on survival after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Morris Lindsay K. , Altahan Alaa , Gandhi Jatin , Mays John , Giri Upama , Fleming Martin , Martin Mike G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundData about the impact of surgical margin positivity on patient outcomes following radical nephrectomy (RN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is limited. We evaluate the effect of positive surgical margins (PSMs) on relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS.)MethodsClinicopathologic data of patients who underwent RN for RCC was analyzed based on margin status. χ2 and Student t test were used to compare groups. Cox regression analysis was used for the analysis. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival curves.ResultsA total of 485 patients who underwent RN for RCC were analyzed. Most patients with T1/T2 stage had NSM. Most patients with T4 had PSM. T3 patients were split between the two groups. Analysis of the T3 group showed shorter RFS in the PSM group at 3 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.3, p = .01), and 5 years (HR: 4.3, p = .01.) OS analysis showed worse OS in PSM but not statistically significant. There was a significant association between PSM and laterality (p = .023) and histologic type (p = .025.)ConclusionsPSM was associated with shorter RFS after RN in T3 RCC patients. There was a trend towards worse OS in the PSM group, but it did not reach statistical significance. Laterality and histologic type were associated with surgical margin status.
The use of telemedicine to maintain breast cancer follow‐up and surveillance during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sonagli Marina , Cagnacci Neto Renato , Leite Fernanda Perez Magnani , Makdissi Fabiana Baroni Alves 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs a result from restricted economic activities and social distancing due to the coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, we observed a 49.4% decrease in outpatient appointments at our Institution. to minimize this impact on screening and oncological follow‐up of breast cancer patients, telemedicine appointments were established. The authors demonstrate how a cancer center in the largest city in Brazil has managed outpatient appointments during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This is a retrospective study of patients who had their appointments through telemedicine at the AC Camargo Cancer Center between June 2020 and October 2020, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Of the 77 patients who had telemedicine appointments, 36 (46.8%) accounted for breast cancer follow‐up, 20 (26%) for breast cancer screening, 10 (13%) for benign breast disease evaluation, 7 (9%) for a second opinion, and 4 (5.2%) for general orientations. Routine surveillance/follow‐up exams were requested for 45 (58.4%) patients and breast image exams and a request to return for a personal appointment for 30 (39%) patients. Two (2.6%) patients were requested to schedule a personal appointment immediately for a physical exam. In conclusion, telemedicine may be a feasible alternative to reduce personal outpatient appointments for cancer follow‐up and breast cancer screening during the COVID‐19 pandemic.