bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of left‐handed beta helix‐domains, and identification and functional annotation of proteins containing such domains
Authors: Prabha Anu , Balaji Petety V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOnly about 0.3% of the entries in UniProt database have manually curated annotation. Annotation at the molecular level often relies on low‐throughput one‐protein‐at‐a‐time approach. Computational methods bridge this gap by assigning function based on sequence and/or fold similarity. Left‐handed beta helix (LbH) consists of three repeating six‐stranded beta‐strands forming an 18‐mer turn of the helix. Analysis of LbH‐domains showed that variations are found in the number of residues in a beta‐strand (5‐7, 6 being the most common), number of turns (4–10) of the helix, insertions of one or more loops of variable length (0‐36 residues), and the location of loop insertion. An 18‐mer HMM profile was created which identifies LbH‐domain containing proteins using sequence as the only input; the number of false positives is zero when proteins tested were those with known 3D structures. 136 474 entries of TrEMBL database were found to contain LbH‐domain. Rules developed by analyzing LbH‐domain containing acyltransferases, gamma‐class carbonic anhydrases, and nucleotidyltransferases have led to the annotation of 17 389 TrEMBL entries which currently have no functional tag.
Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura arising in a pulmonary cavity
Authors: Miura Hiroyuki , Miura Jun , Tachibana Keisei , Goto Shinichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumour of the pleura (SFTP) arising in a cavity is extremely rare. A 66‐year‐old Japanese male presented with an abnormal shadow on his chest X‐ray. Chest computed tomography showed a cavity of approximately 18 mm in diameter between the upper and lower lobes that contained a solid nodule within. Under the thoracoscope, the peduncle cystic tumour was removed with sufficient surgical margin. Macroscopically, a tumour of about 15 mm in diameter arose in the cystic cavity. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD34, bcl‐2, and signal transduction and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) but negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and a diagnosis of SFTP was made. The patient remains well without recurrence or any complications at two and a half years after the operation. SFTP should be considered when a tumour arises in a cavity existing in an interlobar space. It is important to determine whether the tumour is pedunculated or sessile during surgery and to perform the appropriate surgical procedure.
Discovery of new colonies by Sentinel2 reveals good and bad news for emperor penguins
Authors: Fretwell Peter T. , Trathan Philip N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe distribution of emperor penguins is circumpolar, with 54 colony locations currently reported of which 50 are currently extant as of 2019. Here we report on eight newly discovered colonies and confirm the rediscovery of three breeding sites, only previously reported in the era before Very High Resolution satellite imagery was available, making a total of 61 breeding locations. This represents an increase of ~20% in the number of breeding sites, but, as most of the colonies appear to be small, they may only increase the total population by around 5–10%. The discoveries have been facilitated by the use of Sentinel2 satellite imagery, which has a higher resolution and more efficient search mechanism than the Landsat data previously used to search for colonies. The small size of these new colonies indicates that considerations of reproductive output in relation to metabolic rate during huddling is likely to be of interest. Some of the colonies exist in offshore habitats, something not previously reported for emperor penguins. Comparison with recent modelling results show that the geographic locations of all the newly found colonies are in areas likely to be highly vulnerable under business‐as‐usual greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, suggesting that population decreases for the species will be greater than previously thought.
Retracted: Two New Co(II) Coordination Polymers: Photocatalytic Properties and Treatment Activity on Sepsis by Reducing TNF‐α and IL‐1β Releasing
Authors: Li Jin‐Hong , Zhang Hui‐Xia , Zhao Hai‐Yun , Chen Li‐Yuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo novel coordination polymers (CPs) containing Co(II) with the compositions of [Co(L)(2,2′‐bipy)]n (1) and [Co(L)(4,4′‐bipy)4 ⋅ 2H2O]n (2) have been prepared via utilizing bipyridine (2,2′‐bipy for 1 and bipy, 4,4′‐bipy for 2) and the ligand of 1,4‐bis(3‐carboxylbenzyl)piperazine acid (H2L) as the co‐ligand under the hydrothermal conditions. In addition, the photodegradation of organic dyes performances for complex 1 and complex 2 have been studied. It is important that complex 2 reveals excellent dye adsorption and photodegradation performances. In addition, their protective activity on sepsis was assessed and the specific mechanism was discussed detailly. Firstly, the TNF‐α and IL‐1β content released via immune cells was detected through the ELISA detection kit after treated by compounds 1 and 2. Next, the activation level of NF‐κB signaling pathway in the macrophages was determined via western blot.
Coliform bacteria in San Pedro Lake, western Mexico
Authors: Ramos‐Ramírez Lesset del Consuelo , Romero‐Bañuelos Carlos Alberto , Jiménez‐Ruíz Edgar Iván , Palomino‐Hermosillo Yolotzin Apatzingan , Saldaña‐Ahuactzi Zeus , Martínez‐Laguna Ygnacio , Handal‐Silva Anabella , Castañeda‐Roldán Elsa Iracena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUrbanization, livestock activities, and rainfall are factors that contribute to the contamination of inland water. This study aimed to determine the spatial and temporal variability of total coliforms (TCs) and fecal coliforms (FCs) in the surface water of San Pedro Lake as well as the gills and skin of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivated in the lake. The study consisted of seasonal sampling during an annual cycle. Using the multiple‐tube fermentation technique, we quantified the microbial load of TCs in the lake and fish. The median of the TC and FC groups in surface water showed differences during the seasonal cycle, in which a significant correlation was observed between rainfall and bacterial load in the lake surface water. There was a significant seasonal difference between FCs and TCs in the gills as well as in skin FCs. Anthropogenic activities in the watershed combined with rainfall influence the bacterial load of San Pedro Lake. However, the water quality is still classified as excellent and uncontaminated according to Mexican regulations with lower FC values acceptable for higher FC values. In addition, the bacterial load in tilapia from San Pedro Lake does not pose a risk to human health.Practitioner points

Watershed livestock activities combined with rainfall increase fecal matter pollution in specific areas of the lake.

San Pedro Lake displays satisfactory quality for aquatic life.

The median fecal coliform population in lake fish (gills and skin) differs by season.
Single‐cell proteomic analysis
Authors: Pham Thai , Tyagi Ankush , Wang Yu‐Sheng , Guo Jia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to comprehensively profile proteins in every individual cell of complex biological systems is crucial to advance our understanding of normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Conventional bulk cell experiments mask the cell heterogeneity in the population, while the single‐cell imaging methods suffer from the limited multiplexing capacities. Recent advances in microchip‐, mass spectrometry‐, and reiterative staining‐based technologies have enabled comprehensive protein profiling in single cells. These approaches will bring new insights into a variety of biological and biomedical fields, such as signaling network regulation, cell heterogeneity, tissue architecture, disease diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. In this article, we will review the recent advances in the development of single‐cell proteomic technologies, describe their advantages, discuss the current limitations and challenges, and propose potential solutions. We will also highlight the wide applications of these technologies in biology and medicine.This article is categorized under:
Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Indikationen und Ergebnisse der Radiojodtherapie beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Riemann B. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bösartige Schilddrüsentumoren sind die häufigsten bösartigen endokrinen Tumoren, die ungefähr 1 % aller malignen Tumoren umfassen. In den letzten Jahren ist die Inzidenz des differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinoms (DTC) deutlich angestiegen, insbesondere der kleinen papillären Karzinome.

Fragestellung
Dargestellt werden Indikationen und Ergebnisse der Radiojodtherapie (RJT) beim DTC.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgt die Durchsicht der aktuellen Literatur und Leitlinien zur RJT des DTC.

Ergebnisse
Die RJT stellt die wichtigste adjuvante Behandlungsoption des DTC dar und wird generell gut vertragen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Verglichen mit anderen Tumoren hat das DTC durch die Kombination von Operation und RJT eine sehr gute Prognose mit einer durchschnittlichen Überlebensrate von über 90 %.
Efficacy of GAD-alum immunotherapy associated with HLA-DR3-DQ2 in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hannelius Ulf , Beam Craig A. , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this study was to determine if retention of C-peptide following immunotherapy using recombinant GAD65 conjugated to aluminium hydroxide (GAD-alum) is influenced by HLA risk haplotypes DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8.

Methods
HLA-dependent treatment effect of GAD-alum therapy on C-peptide retention in individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes was evaluated using individual-level patient data from three placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trials using a mixed repeated measures model.

Results
A significant and dose-dependent effect was observed in individuals positive for the genotypes that include HLA-DR3-DQ2 but not HLA-DR4-DQ8 and in the broader subgroup of individuals positive for all genotypes that include HLA-DR3-DQ2 (i.e. including those also positive for HLA-DR4-DQ8). Higher doses (three or four injections) showed a treatment effect ratio of 1.596 (95% CI 1.132, 2.249; adjusted p = 0.0035) and 1.441 (95% CI 1.188, 1.749; adjusted p = 0.0007) vs placebo for the two respective HLA subgroups.

Conclusions/interpretation
GAD65-specific immunotherapy has a significant effect on C-peptide retention in individuals with recent-onset type 1 diabetes who have the DR3-DQ2 haplotype.
Time needed to intubate and suction a manikin prior to instituting positive pressure ventilation: a simulation trial
Authors: Cavallin Francesco , Res Giulia , Monfredini Chiara , Doglioni Nicoletta , Villani Paolo Ernesto , Weiner Gary , Trevisanuto Daniele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTracheal suctioning in non-vigorous newborn delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is supposed to delay initiation of positive pressure ventilation (PPV), but the magnitude of such delay is unknown. To compare the time of PPV initiation when performing immediate laryngoscopy with intubation and suctioning vs. performing immediate PPV without intubation in a manikin model. Randomized controlled crossover (AB/BA) trial comparing PPV initiation with or without endotracheal suctioning in a manikin model of non-vigorous neonates born through MSAF. Participants were 20 neonatologists and 20 pediatric residents trained in advanced airway management. Timing of PPV initiation was longer with vs. without endotracheal suctioning in both pediatric residents (mean difference 13 s, 95% confidence interval 8 to 18 s;p < 0.0001) and neonatologists (mean difference 12 s, 95% confidence interval 8 to 16 s;p < 0.0001). The difference in timing of PPV initiation was similar between pediatric residents and neonatologists (mean difference − 1 s, 95% confidence interval − 7 to 6 s;p = 0.85).Conclusions: Performing immediate laryngoscopy with intubation and suctioning was associated with longer—but not clinically relevant—time of initiation of PPV compared with immediate PPV without intubation in a manikin model. While suggesting negligible delay in starting PPV, further studies in a clinical setting are warranted.Registration: clinicaltrial.gov NCT04076189.What is Known:• Management of the non-vigorous newborn delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid remains still controversial.• Tracheal suctioning in non-vigorous newborn delivered through meconium-stained amniotic fluid is supposed to delay initiation of positive pressure ventilation, but the magnitude of such delay is unknown.What is New:• Performing immediate ventilation without intubation was associated with shorter—but not clinically relevant—time of initiation of ventilation compared to immediate laryngoscopy with intubation and suctioning in a manikin model.• Further studies in a clinical setting are warranted.
Multiple DNA viruses identified in multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) populations from across regions of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Calvignac-Spencer Sébastien , Kouadio Léonce , Couacy-Hymann Emmanuel , Sogoba Nafomon , Rosenke Kyle , Davison Andrew J. , Leendertz Fabian , Jarvis Michael A. , Feldmann Heinz , Ehlers Bernhard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis; M. natalensis) serves as the main reservoir for the zoonotic arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV), and this has led to considerable investigation into the distribution of LASV and other related arenaviruses in this host species. In contrast to the situation with arenaviruses, the presence of other viruses in M. natalensis remains largely unexplored. In this study, herpesviruses and polyomaviruses were identified and partially characterized by PCR methods, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. In tissues sampled from M. natalensis populations in Côte d'Ivoire and Mali, six new DNA viruses (four betaherpesviruses, one gammaherpesvirus and one polyomavirus) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein B amino acid sequences showed that the herpesviruses clustered with cytomegaloviruses and rhadinoviruses of multiple rodent species. The complete circular genome of the newly identified polyomavirus was amplified by PCR. Amino acid sequence analysis of the large T antigen or VP1 showed that this virus clustered with a known polyomavirus from a house mouse (species Mus musculus polyomavirus 1). These two polyomaviruses form a clade with other rodent polyomaviruses, and the newly identified virus represents the third known polyomavirus of M. natalensis. This study represents the first identification of herpesviruses and the discovery of a novel polyomavirus in M. natalensis. In contrast to arenaviruses, we anticipate that these newly identified viruses represent a low zoonotic risk due to the normally highly restricted specificity of members of these two DNA virus families to their individual mammalian host species.
Acetylcholinesterase promotes apoptosis in insect neurons
Authors: Knorr Debbra Y. , Georges Nadine S. , Pauls Stephanie , Heinrich Ralf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractApoptosis plays a major role in development, tissue renewal and the progression of degenerative diseases. Studies on various types of mammalian cells reported a pro-apoptotic function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), particularly in the formation of the apoptosome and the degradation of nuclear DNA. While three AChE splice variants are present in mammals, invertebrates typically express twoachegenes that code for a synaptically located protein and a protein with non-synaptic functions respectively. In order to investigate a potential contribution of AChE to apoptosis in insects, we selected the migratory locustLocusta migratoria.We established primary neuronal cultures of locust brains and characterized apoptosis progression in vitro. Dying neurons displayed typical characteristics of apoptosis, including caspase-activation, nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation visualized by TUNEL staining. Addition of the AChE inhibitors neostigmine and territrem B reduced apoptotic cell death under normal culture conditions. Moreover, both inhibitors completely suppressed hypoxia-induced neuronal cell death. Exposure of live animals to severe hypoxia moderately increased the expression oface-1in locust brains in vivo. Our results indicate a previously unreported role of AChE in insect apoptosis that parallels the pro-apoptotic role in mammalian cells. This similarity adds to the list of apoptotic mechanisms shared by mammals and insects, supporting the hypothesized existence of an ancient, complex apoptosis regulatory network present in common ancestors of vertebrates and insects.
Charting a “Green Path” for Recovery from COVID-19
Authors: Mukanjari Samson , Sterner Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShould the economic recovery from the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) be green? The current crisis is so severe that we should not take the answer for granted. It requires serious thought and we start by reviewing some arguments for and against a green approach. A crucial element is of course to see how different industries fare in the current crisis. Our empirical contribution is to examine daily stock returns for firms from the STOXX Europe 600 index. We find that firms with higher carbon intensities experienced significantly large decreases in stock values particularly those within the crude petroleum extraction, air transport and coke and refined petroleum industries. Our tentative conclusion is that efforts to revitalize the economy should avoid subsidizing stranded assets and instead target the industries of the future. However, identifying these will not necessarily be easy. We find, for example, that having an official ESG “climate change policy” has no effect on firm performance during the pandemic. We suggest possible ways of designing a new form of more informative index.
Promoting Learning from Null or Negative Results in Prevention Science Trials
Authors: Axford Nick , Berry Vashti , Lloyd Jenny , Hobbs Tim , Wyatt Katrina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere can be a tendency for investigators to disregard or explain away null or negative results in prevention science trials. Examples include not publicizing findings, conducting spurious subgroup analyses, or attributing the outcome post hoc to real or perceived weaknesses in trial design or intervention implementation. This is unhelpful for several reasons, not least that it skews the evidence base, contributes to research “waste”, undermines respect for science, and stifles creativity in intervention development. In this paper, we identify possible policy and practice responses when interventions have null (ineffective) or negative (harmful) results, and argue that these are influenced by: theinterventionitself (e.g., stage of gestation, perceived importance);trial design,conduct,and results(e.g., pattern of null/negative effects, internal and external validity);context(e.g., wider evidence base, state of policy); andindividual perspectives and interests(e.g., stake in the intervention). We advance several strategies to promote more informative null or negative effect trials and enable learning from such results, focusing on changes to culture, process, intervention design, trial design, and environment.
Dual Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty is not Associated with a Greater Incidence of Groin Pain in Comparison with Conventional Total Hip Arthroplasty and Hip Resurfacing: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Authors: Stavrakis Alexandra I. , Khoshbin Amir , Joseph Amethia , Lee Lily Y. , Bostrom Mathias P. , Westrich Geoffrey H. , McLawhorn Alexander S. 
Published: August 2020

Background Groin pain is a common long-term complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Femoral head size has been proposed as one of the primary causes. The implants used in dual mobility (DM) THA have large outer-bearing articulations, which could increase the risk of post-operative groin pain. Hip resurfacing (HR), too, has been shown to be associated with a risk of groin pain. Questions/Purposes The goals of this study were to compare the incidence of groin pain at 1 year after hip arthroplasty in patients with different femoral head diameters and in patients undergoing conventional THA, DM THA, and HR. Methods After combing an institutional registry for all patients who had undergone THA or HR for primary hip osteoarthritis, we included 3193 patients in the analysis; 2008 underwent conventional THA, 416 underwent DM THA, and 769 underwent HR. We used logistic regression modeling to analyze the relation of groin pain at 1 year after surgery to patient demographics and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), University of California at Los Angeles activity score at 1 year after surgery, bearing couple, and the ratio of acetabular diameter to femoral head diameter. We also measured cup inclination and anteversion in a subset of patients with and without groin pain at 1 year to assess whether pain could be related to implant position. Results Overall, 8.7% of patients reported groin pain at 1 year. Patients with groin pain were younger and had lower BMIs. There were increased odds of groin pain with a greater cup-to-head ratio, although DM implants, interestingly, were not significantly associated with groin pain; this may be attributable to so much of their movement taking place inside the implant. Subgroup analysis measuring cup inclination and anteversion showed no difference in cup position between patients with and without pain. Conclusion In this population of hip arthroplasty patients, the incidence of groin pain 1 year after surgery did not differ among patients undergoing DM and conventional THA; DM THA in particular was not associated with a higher risk of groin pain, despite its comparatively larger femoral head sizes. HR, on the other hand, was associated with a higher risk of pain. Appropriate implant sizing and bearing couple choice may optimize the functional benefit of THA.
Is it Time to Quit? Smoking Persistence and Self-Rated Health
Authors: Lanari Donatella , Pasqualini Marta , Pieroni Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the impact of smoking on self-rated health using a British cohort born in 1970 that was followed through adult life. Records were taken for this dataset many times; individual self-rated health was first recorded in 1996 at age 26, and afterward at ages 30, 34, and 42. The smoking rate over time determined membership in the groups of current-smokers, never-smokers, and former-smokers. Estimates showed that the current-smokers group produced an increase in the probability of being in poor health with respect to never-smokers of about 10 percentage points in the long term. This result was also consistent when we used former-smokers as the control group, or other model specifications. The baseline estimates were not contradicted by robustness checks and policy implications of these results were discussed.
On Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis
Authors: Jammalamadaka Sreenivasa Rao , Taufer Emanuele , Terdik Gyorgy H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA unified treatment of all currently available cumulant-based indexes of multivariate skewness and kurtosis is provided here, expressing them in terms of the third and fourth-order cumulant vectors respectively. Such a treatment helps reveal many subtle features and inter-connections among the existing indexes as well as some deficiencies, which are hitherto unknown. Computational formulae for obtaining these measures are provided for spherical and elliptically-symmetric, as well as skew-symmetric families of multivariate distributions, yielding several new results and a systematic exposition of many known results.