bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional food in Viet Nam: Trends consumer online shopping in Ho Chi Minh city
Authors: Quan N H K , Yen N T N , Chung D D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Functional food is an interface between food and drug, but the food law governs it because the nature, structure, production, and use of functional foods comply with the provisions of the food law. Therefore the first issue is to distinguish functional foods and medicines. In the elderly, with increasing longevity and quality of life, primary health care is paid more attention, promoting health risk management and preventing chronic non-communicable diseases. In Vietnam, about 100 adults have 27 people with high blood pressure. More than 10 million people with pre-diabetes patients and other chronic diseases such as arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, impaired memory, metabolic disorders. Ho Chi Minh City has 43% of adults who use functional foods. The development of broadband Internet helps Vietnamese people efficiently use internet-connected computers and smart mobile devices. This development has led to many Vietnam acceptance of online shopping with the development trend of functional foods as diverse and abundant in the emerging markets such as Vietnam, and the big cities have e-commerce activities early development. This study’s objective was to evaluate the factors demographics such as age, gender, income, information channels understand the product and place of production-related product trends of customers buying functional foods. This study surveyed 500 people and collected samples from 374 people using functional foods, aged 18 to 65 in Ho Chi Minh City, one of the places with the most developed e-commerce activities in Vietnam. The overall results show that demographic variables such as age, gender, income, product discovery information channels, and production place are significant premises related to online shopping and Customer confidence in the quality of functional food products. Among 374 people using functional foods, 247 (66%) people buy functional foods online. In people buying functional foods online, men represent 23.9%, and women represent 76.1%. Research shows that consumers’ demand trends, and the potential of innovation and the health benefits of an emerging market, development trends e-commerce for food markets function in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in the future.
Effect of Bacillus sp. as probiotic on the treatment of environment in brackish water shrimp aquaculture
Authors: Phung L T , Phung N K , Phuong T T M , Nicolas M , Vincent M , Sandra A , Philippe D. S. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the face of increasing consumers demand for aquatic food products is to be safe and quality, requiring aquaculture farmers to strengthen preventive measures to limit the residues of chemicals and antibiotics in aquatic products, especially in the international markets. Therefore, the application of probiotics is considered to be the key to the success of aquaculture. In this work, we have studied probiotics produced fromBacillus, capable of treating environment in brackish water shrimp aquaculture. Apply 1x105CFU/mL water treatment concentration, 5 days/time. Shrimp with mean initial weight of 0.034 g. There were two treatments in triplicates including 1) the control (without supplementing bacteria); 2) supplementingBacillussubtilis. After 60 days, water quality parameters (DO, COD, TAN, NH3and TSS) indicated that in the supplemental probiotic treatments had better decomposition of organic substances and lowerVibriodensity than in the control treatments. Growth rate of shrimp in terms of daily weight gain and daily length gain were highest in treatment 2 (0.098±0.012 g/day) and 0.158±0.011 cm/day), and lowest in the control (0.078±0,009g/day) and 0.121±0.012 cm/day). These results indicated that supplementation of these bacteria in the culture medium could promote a better decomposition of organic matter, help improve survival and growth rate of shrimp.
Effect of Tryptone Concentration on Cyclodextrin Glucanotranferase (CGTase) Excretion and Cell Lysis of Immobilized Recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Man R C , Illias R M , Shaarani S M , Arshad Z I M , Mudalip S K A , Sulaiman S Z , Mohamad Fuzi S F Z , Abdullah A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The recombinant enzyme excretion into the culture medium provides significant advantages over cytoplasmic expression. Nevertheless, the problems encountered during the excretion of recombinant enzyme are the plasmid instability and occurrence of cell lysis. Various attempts have been made to improve the recombinant enzyme excretion and plasmid stability with the low occurrence of cell lysis. The approaches include the modification of the nitrogen sources in the medium such as tryptone, the use of cell immobilization system and lowering the induction temperature. In the present study, the effects of different tryptone concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 g/L) as nitrogen source in super optimal broth (SOB) medium on CGTase excretion and plasmid stability as well as cell lysis of the immobilized cell were studied. The recombinant E. coli was immobilized on polyvinylidene fluoride polymer (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane. The immobilized cells were expressed using 0.011 mM IPTG at 25°C, 200 rpm of agitation rate and pH 8.8 for 24 h of post induction time. The use of low tryptone concentration (5 g/l) produced high CGTase excretion (758.64 U/ml) and increased the plasmid stability (86% increment) with reduction of cell lysis (90% reduction) in comparison with the initial tryptone concentration (20 g/l). Hence, low concentration of tryptone could reduce the cost for CGTase production due to low amount of tryptone used in the fermentation process.
Screening of microorganisms from pineapple waste for fructooligosaccharides production
Authors: Tan L S , Sueb M S M , Chua G K , Shaarani S H N , Jamek S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are one of the well-known low caloric value sweeteners with prebiotic properties that promote positives effects on consumer’s health. They are synthetically produced by transfructosylation of sucrose via microbial enzymes which are β-fructofuranosidases (FFase) (EC 3.2.1.26) and fructosyltransferase (FTase) (EC 2.4.1.9). Despite the large number of microbial FTases that are produced, the yield of FOS is low and has poor stability, thus, only a few of them have the potential for industrial application. Research for a new source of microbial enzyme for FOS production becomes necessary due to the high demand for FOS in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Fruit waste such as pineapple waste can be an alternative source of microbial enzyme for FOS production beside can be recycled as FOS substrate. This will reduce the dumping and open burning of these waste which eventually will lead to environmental pollution. This paper presents an experimental study of microbial screening from pineapple waste that can catalyze FOS production. Three different parts of pineapple waste were used in this study which are peels, pulps, and leaves. From screening, all the five isolated bacteria which belong to gram-positive groups did possess both hydrolytic and fructosyltransferase activity with bacteria isolated from leaves showed the highest fructosyltransferase activity which is 0.91 U/ml. Bacterial identification using sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that the isolated bacteria is from the genus Bacillus sp.
Effects of chemical hydrolysis operating parameters on the production of antioxidant from fish waste
Authors: Wai A L S , Man R C , Mudalip S K A , Sulaiman S Z , Arshad Z I M , Shaarani S M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Instead of being inappropriately disposed and causing sanitary and environmental problems, underutilised fish waste can be processed into value-added products such as antioxidants which can be used for pharmaceutical, medicine and agriculture purposes. In this study, chemical hydrolysis was chosen as it was more suitable for industrial scale, shorter time and cheaper compared to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, information on the operating parameters of fish waste chemical hydrolysis was scarce. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of types of solvents used, the concentration of HCl, demineralization time and deproteinization time on the production of antioxidant from fish waste via One Factor in Design Expert. Demineralization was carried out by immersing 10 g of fish waste in 0.2 M to 1.0 M of Hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 30 min to 150 min at room temperature and continued stirring at 150 rpm. Deproteinization occurred by introducing the sample into 1.0 M of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) for 30 min to 150 min at 60 °C and continued stirring at 150 rpm. These samples were then washed with distilled water and oven-dried at 60 °C for 5 hours. 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) assays were used to analyze the availability of antioxidant by calculating the percentage of antioxidant activity and Gallic Acid Equivalent, GAE (g/L). The best concentration of HCl used was 0.72 M at 92 min of demineralization, 70 min of deproteinization and ethanol as the suitable solvent used in DPPH and TPC assays. These valuable findings are beneficial for further works on enhancing the production of antioxidant from marine sources like fish waste.
Study on Enzyme Activities in Pineapple Fruit and Pineapple Waste to Be Applied as Poultry Supplement
Authors: Ridzuan N A M , Shaarani S M , Arshad Z I M , Masngut N , Zainol N , Shariffuddin J H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pineapple fruit contains essential minerals and vitamins with some medicinal values. Hence, it can be used as a raw material to make poultry supplements. Abundance of pineapple waste also has led to the environmental problems such as producing bad odor and has increased waste capacity in the landfill. In this present work, the potential of pineapple fruit and pineapple waste were investigated to be used as the raw materials for poultry supplement based on their enzyme activities. In this study, the effect of fermentation time and type of pineapple substrates on enzyme activities which were xylanase, total cellulase and protease were studied. Two types of pineapple samples have been used in this study which were pineapple fruit and pineapple waste. Four type of pineapple substrates have been prepared which were pineapple juice, pineapple waste, pineapple juice + probiotic and pineapple waste + probiotic. The purpose of adding probiotic in this study was to enhance the fermentation reaction. The results showed that the fermentation time that have the highest enzyme activities for xylanase, total cellulase and protease were observed at day 2, 4 and 6 respectively, where substrate contains pineapple juice + probiotic recorded the highest enzyme activities value for all the three enzymes. This study had investigated that pineapple fruit and pineapple waste contain digestion enzymes which were xylanase, protease and cellulase that can be applied as poultry supplements.
Recent trends of extremophiles application in Microbial Electrochemical Systems as Energy scavenger: A mini review
Authors: Rana S , Mishra P , Krishnan S , Wahid Z A , Sakinah M , Singh L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Application of electroactive extremophiles as a biocatalytic agent inside microbial electrochemical systems (MES) holds promises for worldwide practical implementation with improved/enhanced performance under extreme environmental conditions. The MES are microbe catalysed electrochemical platforms that can turn the chemical energy stored inside organic resources/wastewater into electrical energy or other valuable bioelectrofuels with/or without an external electrical stimuli to achieve maximal oxidation of organics (by exoelectrogens) at anode and to extracellularly donating the released electrons to cathode to available electron acceptors like CO2 (by electrotrophs) to further metabolize into bioelectrofuels / or chemical compounds. The functional versatility and diverse applicability of extremophiles is due to their ability to successfully utilize various organic sources even under extreme environmental conditions. Till date, numerous efforts have been made to unravel the hidden potential of microbes in MES operating at standard environmental conditions, but its operability at extreme conditions are often overlooked. The hidden potential of extremophilic microorganisms can be channelized in MES (which either extracted from natural extreme ecosystems or cultivated in fabricated extreme biosystems) to open unknown avenues by producing novel products. This review discusses the recent state of art of extremophilic microbes by exploring novel possibilities for its application as a catalyst in MES.
Carbonization of excess sewage sludge using superheated water vapor to produce fuel
Authors: Haridan N A , Yoshida H , Salleh M A M , Izhar S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Excess sewage from activated sludge treatment of municipal wastewater is considered one of the most severe solid waste problems. The excess sewage sludge with 64% moisture content was converted to valuable material throughout the superheated water vapor carbonization process. The superheated water vapor carbonized the excess sewage sludge using a bench-scale Rotary Kiln setup to make fuel at 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C and 400°C. The effect of carbonization with superheated water vapor on the yield and heating value of fuel was studied. In 1 h treatment, organic waste lost about 70% of its original weight due to volatile release during carbonization. The yield of carbonization decreased when the temperature of carbonization increased. A carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur (CHNS) analyzer was used to measure the elemental composition of the carbonized product. The heating value (LHV) of the fuel carbonized at 250°C was 15.0 MJ/kg, determined by a bomb calorimeter. Thus, this study has shown that instead of the landfill, excess sewage sludge can be utilized using superheated water vapor for conversion to fuel.
Prediction of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from medical waste collection and transport in the city of Kocaeli
Authors: Yaman C , Yaman A B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigates future medical waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from medical waste collection and transportation activities in the city of Kocaeli, Turkey, between the years of 2020 and 2040. Population predictions were carried out by using Ilbank method, arithmetic method and United Nations Development (UNDP) method. Then, medical waste amounts were calculated based on the predicted populations. Among the three methods, arithmetic method was seemed to reflect the most reliable prediction. GHG emissions were calculated based on the fuel consumed by medical waste collection vehicles. The targeted GHGs were CH4 and CO2. Results of this work showed that the total medical waste generated per year was predicted to increase from 2,978 tons in 2020 to 5,203 tons in 2040. Finally, it was determined in this study that medical waste collection and transport would generate a total GHG emission of 11,229-ton CO2-e from 2020 to 2040. Furthermore, average global warming factor (GWF) was calculated as 0.00013 tCO2-e per ton of medical waste collected and transported. This study showed that medical waste collection and transportation generates significant amounts of GHG emissions. Results of this study will guide the local authorities when they plan to replace diesel fuel with alternative fuel types.
Elucidating the non-linear effect of process parameters on hydrogen production by catalytic methane reforming: an artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Alsaffar M A , Mageed A K , Abdel Ghany M A R , Ayodele B V , Mustapa S I 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the non-linear effect of gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), oxygen (O2) concentration in the feed, the reaction temperature, and the CH4/CO2ratio on hydrogen production by catalytic methane dry reforming using artificial neural networks (ANN). Ten different ANN models were configured by varying the hidden neurons from 1 to 10. The various ANN model architecture was tested using 30 datasets. The ANN model with the topology of 4-9-2 resulted in the best performance with the sum of square error (SSE) of 0.076 and coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.9. The predicted hydrogen yield and the CH4conversions by the optimized ANN model were in close agreement with the observed values obtained from the experimental runs. The level of importance analysis revealed that all the parameters significantly influenced the hydrogen yield and the CH4conversion. However, the reaction temperature with the highest level of importance was adjudged the parameter with the highest level of influence on the methane dry reforming. The study demonstrated that ANN is a robust tool that can be employed to investigate predictive modeling and determine the level of importance of parameters on methane dry reforming.
Removal of Anionic Azo Dye from Aqueous Solution Using the Magnetic NiFe2O4 Decorated-Exfoliated Graphite
Authors: Tan L V , Tham N T H , Thinh P V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Environmental issues have recently become more prevalent with the rapid development of global industrialization. Organic dyes, a common pollutant, are compounds which are constituted by benzene rings, making them stable and presenting a pollution source that is harmful to human health. In this study, a new nanocomposite adsorbent was fabricated using exfoliated graphite (EG) and NiFe2O4 and evaluated for adsorption capacity against Congo Red (CR) dye. A number of reaction parameters (pH, CR concentration, dosage and contact time) that affect CR adsorption were considered. The successful synthesis of EG@NiFe2O4 was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Herein, EG@NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 adsorbent with dosage of 0.5 g/L were used to removal 100 mL of CR dye at the concentration of 50 ppm. The results showed that adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 120 min for both adsorbents (EG@NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4). The optimal working pH for adsorption using EG@NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 was 6 and 4 respectively. EG@NiFe2O4 could be reused for up to three times without significant loss of adsorption capacity.
Biodegrading evaluation of azo dye group – Congo Red, Methyl Blue and Methyl Orange using bacteria isolated from textile wastewater sediment
Authors: Tran T , Hoa V , Nga N T T , Le D A , Tan L V , Huong L T X , Hong L T A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Textile wastewater is one of the most water polluted sources affecting the environment, ecosystems, and causing human malignancy because it contains azo dye pigment group. The treatment requires various types of physical and chemical methods which are time-consuming and hazardous environmental effects. The biodegradable method using microorganisms for textile effluent has been applied due to its environmental friendliness and affordability. Our study aims to identify the microorganisms that are capable of simultaneous degradation of three monochromatic colors belonging to the azo dying group, including Congo Red, Methyl Blue, Methyl Orange via qualitative experiments using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media plus the three monochromatic colors and quantitative experiments using Pt-Co calibration curve to identify the biodegradable efficiency of each and combined bacterial isolated strains. The results showed that six bacterial strains isolated from textile waste sludge were capable of decolorizing the three azo - monochromatic pigments. Moreover, we found that strain Bacillus Subtilis E1 owning Quorum Sensing mode had the highest decoloration efficiency with color removal performance for Methyl Orange, Methyl Blue, and Congo Red was 83.7%, 30.6%, and 94.4%. In particular, the combinations of two Bacillus Subtilis strains yielded a multi-color decolorizing performance with an efficiency of over 80% for each pair.
A Bench Model Design of Gravitational Aeration Tower System as Treatment System for Iron Removal in Groundwater
Authors: Radzi E Z , Wahab M S , Sahdan M Z , Hamdan R , Madun A , Zakariah R A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is an alternative source of water and is in high demand in Malaysia, particularly in rural areas where hot climate and water scarcity are still challengeable. However, groundwater sources are contaminated by high concentrations of iron in certain regions of Malaysia. In this research work, groundwater samples from tube wells in Kampung Majid Ibrahim, Simpang Renggam were collected and found iron content from 1.9 mg/L to 2.4 mg/L, which exceeds acceptable iron concentration level of 0.3 mg/L. Aeration and filtration methods are commonly employed to remove the iron from groundwater. Despite, there is low water production due to water loss through the air; the aeration process is still economic and efficient. Gravitational Aeration Tower System (GATS) was designed by using SOLIDWORK 2017 and fabricated at bench scale model to mitigate these problems. The GATS was developed with two concepts consisting of aeration from air to water and then from water to air with combination of several processes required for the treatment of water after aeration. Experimental work was conducted at the tube well location and data was collected through AQUAREAD AP2000 and Hanna Iron Checker tools using in-situ test method. The flow rate was set directly through the GATS by the flow of water at 10.0 L/min and by changing the parameters of air. Results demonstrate that dissolved oxygen (DO) levels rises by 86.5% and iron removal increases by 8.03 %. In conclusion, the GATS system is capable of increase the DO levels and decrease iron removal rates with continuous water flow.
Effect of various oil/water emulsion concentration towards PVDF/HMO mixed matrix membrane performance
Authors: Ismail N H , Wan Salleh W N , Ahmad S Z N , Mohd Razali N A , Rosman N , Ismail A F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Meeting environmental quality standard for water and freshwater requires the use of innovative technologies, such as membrane technology for treating oily wastewater. Nevertheless, polymeric membrane require modification, as it is incapable of separating or removing oil molecules from oily wastewater. As such, this study incorporated the hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to attain mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for separation of various oil/water emulsion concentration feeds (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) by using lubricant oil. It was observed that the addition of HMO in MMM had altered the membrane surface morphology, as well as the wetting properties. The presence of HMO in the MMM had increased the membrane hydrophilicity, as it reduced the water contact angle value by up to 40%. Apart from that, the MMM was able to increase the oleophobicity of the membrane by increasing 35% of the oil contact angle value. Both pristine PVDF membrane and PVDF/HMO MMM showed a flux decline with increasing oil/water emulsion concentration but managed to achieve oil rejection percentage greater than 93%.