bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allocation of property rights and technological innovation within firms
Authors: Magelssen Catherine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryThis paper examines whether ownership rights to strategic assetswithin firmsaffects innovation. Although existing research maintains that strategic assets can be leveraged freely within the firm, many firms allocate ownership rights to strategic assets to business units or subsidiaries. While scholars have examined strategic asset ownership rights as a tool for tax avoidance, scholars have yet to study its effects on innovation. In the context of multinational firms, I find evidence that subsidiaries with ownership rights produce more technological innovations and are more responsive to shocks to R&D opportunity than those without ownership rights. Additionally, the results provide evidence of the cost of tax avoidance strategies. When subsidiaries in technologically advantaged locations do not hold ownership rights, they produce fewer and less impactful innovations.Managerial SummaryA key decision made by multinational firms is which subsidiaries should hold ownership rights to the firm's strategic assets. The choice often entails a trade‐off between allocating ownership rights to subsidiaries best positioned to innovate and manage the strategic asset versus to subsidiaries in income shielding locations to reduce the firm's tax bill. This paper examines whether subsidiary strategic asset ownership rights matter for subsidiary innovation. I find evidence that subsidiaries with ownership rights produce greater quantity and quality of innovations and are more responsive to changes in R&D opportunity than subsidiaries without ownership rights. This study highlights an important ramification of tax avoidance strategies: locating strategic asset ownership rights away from subsidiaries in regions of expertise can adversely affect innovation within the firm.
Vorbemessungstabellen für Kranbahnträger aus Walzprofilen
Authors: Possler Raphael , Seeßelberg Christoph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKranbahnträger für leichten und mittleren Betrieb werden häufig aus I‐Walzprofilen hergestellt. Mit den nach DIN EN 10365 (07/2017) erstmalig genormten europäischen Breitflanschprofilen (HD‐ und HL‐Walzprofile) wurde der Einsatzbereich der Walzprofile bei Kranbahnträgern nochmals deutlich erweitert [1]. Für Kranbahnträger wird immer häufiger die Stahlgüte S 355 verwendet statt S 235, dies erlaubt häufig noch wirtschaftlichere Konstruktionen. Um schon in frühen Planungsphasen von Industrieanlagen abschätzen zu können, ob für die vorgesehenen Kranbahnen Walzprofile ausreichend tragfähig sind und ggf. welche Profilreihen und ‐größen zu wählen sind, wurden für ein‐ und zweifeldrige Kranbahnträger mit gleichen Feldweiten Vorbemessungstabellen erstellt. Dabei wurde die aktuelle Eurocode‐Normenlage berücksichtigt. Eingangsparameter für die Tabellen sind Feldlänge, Feldanzahl, charakteristische vertikale Radlasten, Radstand und Profilreihe. So lässt sich sehr gut abschätzen, welche Walzprofile für die zu bemessende Kranbahn gut geeignet sind und welcher Nachweis maßgebend für die Dimensionierung ist.
Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) exhibits immunotoxicity in murine macrophages
Authors: Wang Xia , Wei Lai , Zhu Jianbo , He Bingnan , Kong Baida , Jin Yuanxiang , Fu Zhengwei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) has been linked to endocrine disruption, hepatotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. However, its immunotoxicity remains largely unknown. In the present study, RAW 264.7 cells, mouse macrophage cell line, were exposed to TBECH. MTT assays showed that TBECH significantly enhanced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA expression of some proapoptotic genes was upregulated by TBECH. Accordingly, TBECH elevated caspase‐3 activity. In addition, TBECH upregualted the mRNA levels of some pro‐inflammatory cytokines, whereas it downregulated LPS‐stimulated mRNA expression of these cytokines. Moreover, TBECH downregulated the mRNA expression of selected antigen presenting‐related genes. Furthermore, TBECH increased reactive oxygen species level, reduced glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and upregulated the mRNA expression of selected oxidative stress‐related genes. The obtained data demonstrated that TBECH exhibits immunotoxicity in macrophages, and will help to evaluate its health risks.
Risikobewertung von Zytologiebefunden im Zervixkarzinom-Screening
Authors: Marquardt Katrin , Ziemke Peter , Neumann Konrad , Kühn Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungZielstellungDas CIN2+-/CIN3+(zervikale intraepitheliale Neoplasie)-Risiko plattenepithelialer zytologischer Befunde (Gruppe II‑p, IIID1, III‑p, IIID2 der Münchner Nomenklatur [MN] III) soll bewertet und mit Empfehlungen für das Patienten-Management korreliert werden.Material und MethodenAlle 4321 Frauen mit einer Gruppe II‑p, IIID1, III‑p, IIID2, IVa‑p, IVb-p und V‑p von Januar 2014 bis Dezember 2016 wurden in einer Praxis für Pathologie erfasst. Zytologische Vorbefunde, alle zytologischen und histologischen Folgebefunde bis Juli 2019 wurden dokumentiert. Für die Erstbefunde wurde pro Befundgruppe mittels Kaplan-Meier-Schätzung das Risiko für CIN2+/CIN3+ ermittelt. Das Risiko bei persistierenden Befunden und der Einfluss des Alters wurden untersucht.ErgebnisseFür die Erstbefunde der Gruppen II‑p, IIID1, III‑p und IIID2 beträgt das Risiko für CIN2+ nach 12, 24 und 60 Monaten 1,0/3,3/11,8; 3,1/9,4/22,7; 33,4/38,4/55,5 bzw. 35,1/46,2/64,4 (%). Das Risiko für CIN3+ beträgt für die gleichen Zeiträume 0,6/2,7/9,7; 1,9/5,2/14,3; 28,8/32,4/44,0 bzw. 28,5/36,7/52,4 (%). Bei persistierenden Befunden derselben Gruppe steigt das Risiko für CIN2+ und CIN3+ signifikant vom ersten zum zweiten II-p‑, IIID1-, III-p- und IIID2-Befund. Bei den Gruppen II‑p, IIID1 und IIID2 finden sich keine signifikanten Altersunterschiede, bei III-p-Befunden ist das Risiko für Frauen <30 und <35 signifikant größer als für ältere Frauen.SchlussfolgerungDie MN III mit 3‑gliedriger Dysplasiegraduierung klassifiziert die zytologischen Befunde risikoorientiert. Ihre Befundgruppen eignen sich als Basis für ein risikoadaptiertes Management, um insbesondere Überdiagnostik und -therapie zu vermeiden.
Forecasting models for the Chinese macroeconomy: the simpler the better?
Authors: Heaton Chris , Ponomareva Natalia , Zhang Qin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe consider the problem of macroeconomic forecasting for China. Our objective is to determine whether well-established forecasting models that are commonly used to compute forecasts for Western macroeconomies are also useful for China. Our study includes 19 different forecasting models, ranging from simple approaches such as the naive forecast to more sophisticated techniques such as ARMA, Bayesian VAR, and factor models. We use these models to forecast two different measures of price inflation and two different measures of real activity, with forecast horizons ranging from 1 to 12 months, over a period that stretches from March 2005 to December 2018. We test null hypotheses of equal mean squared forecasting error between each candidate model and a simple benchmark. We find evidence that AR, ARMA, VAR, and Bayesian VAR models provide superior 1-month-ahead forecasts of the producer price index when compared to simple benchmarks, but find no evidence of superiority over simple benchmarks at longer horizons, or for any of our other variables.
High-throughput screening for in planta characterization of VOC biosynthetic genes by PTR-ToF-MS
Authors: Li Mingai , Cappellin Luca , Xu Jia , Biasioli Franco , Varotto Claudio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Functional characterization of plant volatile organic compound (VOC) biosynthetic genes and elucidation of the biological function of their products often involve the screening of large numbers of plants from either independent transformation events or mapping populations. The low time resolution of standard gas chromatographic methods, however, represents a major bottleneck for in planta genetic characterization of VOC biosynthetic genes. Here we present a fast and highly-sensitive method for the high-throughput characterization of VOC emission levels/patterns by coupling a Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer to an autosampler for automation of sample measurement. With this system more than 700 samples per day can be screened, detecting for each sample hundreds of spectrometric peaks in the m/z 15–300 range. As a case study, we report the characterization of VOC emissions from 116 independent Arabidopsis thaliana lines transformed with a putative isoprene synthase gene, confirming its function also when fused to a C-terminal 3×FLAG tag. We demonstrate that the method is more reliable than conventional characterization of transgene expression for the identification of the most highly isoprene-emitting lines. The throughput of this VOC screening method exceeds that of existing alternatives, potentially allowing its application to reverse and forward genetic screenings of genes contributing to VOC emission, constituting a powerful tool for the functional characterization of VOC biosynthetic genes and elucidation of the biological functions of their products directly in planta.
Proto-CSR Before the Industrial Revolution: Institutional Experimentation by Medieval Miners’ Guilds
Authors: Hielscher Stefan , Husted Bryan W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we argue that antecedents of modern corporate social responsibility (CSR) prior to the Industrial Revolution can be referred to as “proto-CSR” to describe a practice that influenced modern CSR, but which is different from its modern counterparts in form and structure. We develop our argument with the history of miners’ guilds in medieval Germany—religious fraternities and secular mutual aid societies. Based on historical data collected by historians and archeologists, we reconstruct a long-term process of pragmatic experimentation with institutions of mutual aid that address social problems in the early mining industry, and thus before the rise of the modern state and the capitalist firm. Co-shaped by economic and political actors, these institutions of mutual aid have influenced the social responsibility programs of early industrialists, modern social welfare legislation, and contemporary CSR. We conjecture that other elements of proto-CSR might have evolved according to similar trajectories.
Integration of refugees at universities: Austria’s more initiative
Authors: Bacher Johann , Fiorioli Elisabeth , Moosbrugger Robert , Nnebedum Chigozie , Prandner Dimitri , Shovakar Nadine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The so-called refugee wave in the summer of 2015 led to an impressive wave of helpfulness in Austrian society. Universities Austria (uniko)—the umbrella organization of the 22 public universities in Austria—set up and launched an initiative called MORE. MORE provides refugees and asylum seekers with additional opportunities and perspectives that go beyond basic tools for survival. All 22 public universities implemented MORE, albeit in different ways. The article draws on a specific case—the MORE initiative—which aims to integrate refugee students into university life and higher education, as well as on data collected within the scope of evaluating the particular cases at hand. Analysis focuses on whether MORE has contributed to integrate refugee students. Drawing on different integration theories, the findings of this evaluation provide an insight as to how integration is achieved and affected by influencing factors such as personal characteristics, the usage of program elements, etc. Hence, the paper gives insight in the applicability of different integration theories and may be helpful for improving MORE or similar initiatives. The results confirmed the assumptions of modern sociological integration theories. Universities who offer the MORE program can conclude that they should take care of special, vulnerable groups, and that they should offer more than language classes in order to foster integration. Integration depends on the characteristics of the refugee group, the general societal and political climate, and on the specific attitudes towards the group in question.
Do Agile Managed Information Systems Projects Fail Due to a Lack of Emotional Intelligence?
Authors: Luong Tan Trung , Sivarajah Uthayasankar , Weerakkody Vishanth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAgile development methodologies (ADM) have become a widely implemented project management approach in Information Systems (IS). Yet, along with its growing popularity, the amount of concerns raised in regard to human related challenges caused by applying ADM are rapidly increasing. Nevertheless, the extant scholarly literature has neglected to identify the primary origins and reasons of these challenges. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine if these human related challenges are related to a lack of Emotional Intelligence (EI) by means of a quantitative approach. From a sample of 194 agile practitioners, EI was found to be significantly correlated to human related challenges in agile teams in terms of anxiety, motivation, mutual trust and communication competence. Hence, these findings offer important new knowledge for IS-scholars, project managers and human resource practitioners, about the vital role of EI for staffing and training of agile managed IS-projects.
Singular Stationary Measures for Random Piecewise Affine Interval Homeomorphisms
Authors: Barański Krzysztof , Śpiewak Adam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe show that the stationary measure for some random systems of two piecewise affine homeomorphisms of the interval is singular, verifying partially a conjecture by Alsedà and Misiurewicz and contributing to a question by Navas on the absolute continuity of stationary measures, considered in the setup of semigroups of piecewise affine circle homeomorphisms. We focus on the case of resonant boundary derivatives.
Knowing Me, Knowing You: Anal Gland Secretion of European Badgers (Meles meles) Codes for Individuality, Sex and Social Group Membership
Authors: Noonan Michael J. , Tinnesand Helga V. , Müller Carsten T. , Rosell Frank , Macdonald David W. , Buesching Christina D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
European badgers, Meles meles, are group-living in the UK, and demarcate their ranges with shared latrines. As carnivores, badgers possess paired anal glands, but olfactory information on the content of badger anal gland secretion (AGS) is largely uninvestigated. Here, we examined the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of AGS samples from 57 free-living badgers using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. AGS was rich in alkanes (C7–C15, 14.3% of identified compounds), aldehydes (C5–C14, 9.7%), phenols (C6–C15, 9.5%), alcohols (C5–C10, 7.3%), aromatic hydrocarbons (C6–C13, 6.8%), ketones (C6–C13, 6.3%) and carboxylic acids (C3–C12, 5.6%) and contained a variety of esters, sulfurous and nitrogenous compounds, and ethers. The number of VOCs per profile ranged from 20 to 111 (mean = 65.4; ± 22.7 SD), but no compound was unique for any of the biological categories. After normalization of the raw data using Probabilistic Quotient Normalization, we produced a resemblance matrix by calculating the Euclidian distances between all sample pairs. PERMANOVA revealed that AGS composition differs between social groups, and concentration and complexity in terms of number of measurable VOCs varies between seasons and years. AGS VOC profiles encode individual identity, sex and vary with female reproductive state, indicating an important function in intraspecific communication. Because AGS is excreted together with fecal deposits, we conclude that chemical complexity of AGS enables particularly latrine-using species, such as badgers, to advertise more complex individual-specific information than in feces alone.
Hybrid Simulation of Solar-Wind-Like Turbulence
Authors: Roberts D. Aaron , Ofman Leon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present 2.5D hybrid simulations of the spectral and thermodynamic evolution of an initial state of magnetic field and plasma variables that in many ways represents solar wind fluctuations. In accordance with Helios near-Sun high-speed stream observations, we start with Alfvénic fluctuations along a mean magnetic field in which the fluctuations in the magnitude of the magnetic field are minimized. Since fluctuations in the radial flow speed are the dominant free energy in the observed fluctuations, we include a field-aligned $v_{\|}(k_{\perp })$v∥(k⊥) with an $k^{ -1}$k−1 spectrum of velocity fluctuations to drive the turbulent evolution. The flow rapidly distorts the Alfvénic fluctuations, yielding spectra (determined by spacecraft-like cuts) transverse to the field that become comparable to the $k_{\|}$k∥ fluctuations, as in spacecraft observations. The initial near constancy of the magnetic field is lost during the evolution; we show this also takes place observationally. We find some evolution in the anisotropy of the thermal fluctuations, consistent with expectations based on Helios data. We present 2D spectra of the fluctuations, showing the evolution of the power spectrum and cross-helicity. Despite simplifying assumptions, many aspects of simulations and observations agree. The greatly faster evolution in the simulations is at least in part due to the small scales being simulated, but also to the non-equilibrium initial conditions and the relatively low overall Alfvénicity of the initial fluctuations.
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume)
Authors: Sun Zhi-lin , Li Xiao , Zhou Wan , Yan Jun-di , Gao Yue-rong , Li Xiao-wei , Sun Jia-chen , Fang Ke-feng , Zhang Qing , Xing Yu , Qin Ling , Cao Qing-qin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an important germplasm resource for the breeding ofCastaneaspecies worldwide with vital ecological and economic value. Biotechnology overcomes the limitations of traditional breeding and accelerates germplasm improvement. However, a genetic transformation system for Chinese chestnut has not yet been established. In this study, a stable and efficientAgrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method for Chinese chestnut is described. Embryogenic calli ofC. mollissimacv. ‘Yanshanhongli’ were used as the target material. The sensitivity of embryogenic calli to kanamycin was determined, whereby the proliferation of non-transformed calli was completely inhibited at 180 mg/L. Antibiotic inhibition results for Chinese chestnut embryogenic calli showed that 50 mg/L cefotaxime and 500 μM timentin completely inhibited the growth ofAgrobacterium tumefaciensbut did not affect the normal growth of Chinese chestnut embryogenic calli. When embryogenic calli were co-cultured for 2 days withAgrobacterium tumefaciensstrain AGL1 harboring the PBI121-EGFP plasmid, an embryogenic callus transformation efficiency of 4.55% was obtained, and two transgenic chimera were acquired. ThisAgrobacterium-mediated transformation system for Chinese chestnut provides a fundamental platform for genetic improvement of core germplasm and for further verification of gene function.
Strategies for tropical forest protection and sustainable supply chains: challenges and opportunities for alignment with the UN sustainable development goals
Authors: Delabre Izabela , Alexander Anthony , Rodrigues Camila 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGovernance for sustainable development increasingly involves diverse stakeholder groups, with the promise of enhanced legitimacy and effectiveness in decision-making and implementation. The UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) emphasise the important role of multiple (non-state) actors, including businesses and non-governmental organisations, including in efforts to ensure the sustainability of supply chains, and to reduce tropical deforestation and forest degradation. This paper critically analyses sustainability strategies to examine how the UN SDG agendas related to ‘sustainable supply chains’ and ‘tropical forest protection’ are framed and enacted by two contrasting non-state actors: (1) Instituto Centro de Vida (ICV), an NGO in Brazil working to address deforestation, including by supporting farmers to produce commodities, and (2) Unilever, a global consumer goods manufacturer and major buyer of such commodities. By identifying areas of variability in the discursive techniques used by ICV and Unilever, we unearth particular power dynamics that can shape the processes and outcomes of sustainability strategies. This paper finds that the two organisations use diverse strategies at different levels of governance, both participate actively in multi-stakeholder forums to advance their organisations’ goals, but have divergent framings of ‘sustainability’. Despite being considered ‘non-state’ actors, the strategies of the two organisations examined both reflect, and influence, the structural effects of the state in the implementation of non-state organisations’ strategies, and progress towards the SDGs. Although there is alignment of certain strategies related to tropical forest protection, in some cases, there is a risk that more sustainable, alternative approaches to governing forests and supply chains may be excluded.
Sedimentary characteristics and internal architecture of a river-dominated delta controlled by autogenic process: implications from a flume tank experiment
Authors: Feng Wen-Jie , Zhang Chang-Min , Yin Tai-Ju , Yin Yan-Shu , Liu Jun-Ling , Zhu Rui , Xu Qing-Hai , Chen Zhe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Autogenic processes are widely found in various sedimentary systems and they play an important role in the depositional evolution and corresponding sedimentary architecture. However, autogenic processes are often affected by changing allogenic factors and are difficult to be identified and analyzed from modern and ancient records. Through the flume tank experiment under constant boundary conditions, the depositional process, evolution principles, and the sedimentary architecture of a river-dominated delta was presented, and a corresponding sedimentary architecture model was constructed. The evolution of river-dominated delta controlled only by autogenic process is obviously periodic, and each autogenic cycle can be divided into an initial progradational stage, a middle retrogratational stage, and a late aggradational–progradational stage. In the initial progradational stage, one feeder channel incised into the delta plain, mouth bar(s) was formed in front of the channel mouth, and small-scale crevasse splays were formed on the delta plain. In the middle retrogradational stage, the feeder channel was blocked by the mouth bar(s) which grew out of water at the end of the initial stage, and a set of large-scale distributary splay complexes were formed on the delta plain. These distributary splay complexes were retrogradationally overlapped due to the continuous migration of the bifurcation point of the feeder channel. In the late aggradational–progradational stage, the feeder channel branched into several radial distributary channels, overlapped distributary channels were formed on the delta plain, and terminal lobe complexes were formed at the end of distributary channels. The three sedimentary layers formed in the three stages constituted an autogenic succession. The experimental delta consisted of six autogenic depositional successions. Dynamic allocation of accommodation space and the following adaptive sediments filling were the two main driving factors of the autogenic evolution of deltas.