bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cost Utility Analysis Alongside a Cluster Randomised Trial Evaluating a Minor Ailment Service Compared to Usual Care in Community Pharmacy
Authors: Amador-Fernández Noelia , Benrimoj Shalom I. , García-Mochón Leticia , García-Cárdenas Victoria , Dineen-Griffin Sarah , Gastelurrutia-Garralda Miguel Ángel , Gómez-Martínez Jesús C. , Colomer-Molina Vicente , Martínez-Martínez Fernando 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Minor ailments are “self-limiting conditions which may be diagnosed and managed without a medical intervention”. A cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) was designed to evaluate the clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes of a Minor Ailment Service (MAS) in community pharmacy (CP) compared with usual care (UC). Methods The cRCT was conducted for six months from December 2017. The pharmacist-patient intervention consisted of a standardised face-to-face consultation on a web-based program using co-developed protocols, pharmacists’ training, practice change facilitators and patients’ educational material. Patients requesting a non-prescription medication (direct product request) or presenting minor ailments received MAS or UC and were followed-up by telephone 10-days after the consultation. The primary economic outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the service and health related quality of life (HRQoL). Total costs included health system, CPs and patient direct costs: health professionals’ consultation time, medication costs, pharmacists’ training costs, investment of the pharmacy and consultation costs within the ten days following the initial consultation. The HRQoL was obtained using the EuroQoL 5D-5L at the time of the consultation and at 10-days follow up. A sensitivity analysis was carried out using bootstrapping. There were two sub-group analyses undertaken, for symptom presentation and direct product requests, to evaluate possible differences.Results A total of 808 patients (323 MAS and 485 UC) were recruited in 27 CPs with 42 pharmacists (20 MAS and 22 UC). 64.7% (n=523) of patients responded to follow-up after their consultation in CP. MAS patients gained an additional 0.0003 QALYs (p=0.053). When considering only MAS patients presenting with symptoms, the ICER was 24,733€/QALY with a 47.4% probability of cost-effectiveness (willingness to pay of 25,000€/QALY). Although when considering patients presenting for a direct product request, MAS was the dominant strategy with a 93.69% probability of cost-effectiveness.Conclusions Expanding community pharmacists’ scope through MAS may benefit health systems. To be fully cost effective, MAS should not only include consultations arising from symptom presentation but also include an oversight of self-selected products by patients. MAS increase patient safety through the appropriate use of non-prescription medication and through the direct referral of patients to GP.Trial registrationThe study was not registered but it was approved by the University of Granada Ethics Committee (approval number 331/CEIH/2017) and Xátiva-Ontinyent Ethics Committee “Lluís Alcanyís”.
Controlling Molecular Assembly and Charge Transport of N-Type Organic Semiconductors with Sterically Demanding Substituents
Authors: Yu Craig , Kojima Naoya , Kumagai Shohei , Kurosawa Tadanori , Ishii Hiroyuki , Watanabe Go , Takeya Jun , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolinetetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) n-type organic semiconductors demonstrate unique multi-fold intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions that lead to excellent aggregated structures, charge transports, and electron mobility. However, the robust intermolecular anchoring of BQQDI presents challenges for further fine-tuning molecular assemblies and organic semiconductor properties. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of two BQQDI derivatives with sterically demanding phenyl- and cyclohexyl-substituted BQQDI (Ph–BQQDI and Cy6–BQQDI), where the two organic semiconductors show distinct molecular assemblies and degrees of intermolecular orbital overlaps. In addition, the difference in their packing motifs led to strikingly different band structures that give rise to contrasting charge-transport capabilities. As a result, Cy6–BQQDI shows excellent transistor performances in both single-crystalline and polycrystalline thin-film organic field-effect transistors.
Influences of Land Use/ Cover Changes on Soil Properties in Rib Watershed, Ethiopia
Authors: Buruso Fentanesh Haile , Teferi Zenebe Admasu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe decrease in the area under natural vegetation and its conversion into other types of use has resulted in resource degradation including soil quality loss. Soil properties response to changes in land use/ cover has shown spatial and temporal variations. Hence this study was carried out to examine the influence of land use/ cover changes on physical and chemical properties of the soils in Rib watershed. Soil samples were taken over three selected land use/ covers (natural forest, grazing and cultivated lands) in two agro- ecological zones (Dega and High Dega). Multivariate analysis of variance (MNOVA) and Pearson’s correlation was computed. ResultsThe study revealed that land use/ cover and altitude have influenced physical and chemical properties of the soil in the study watershed. Significant difference in distribution of soil texture, BD, OC, TN and pH among land use/ covers have been observed. Natural forest had higher OC, OC stock and TN than grazing and cultivated lands. The mean OC stock ranged from 188.32 t/ha in natural forest to 72.75t/ha in cultivated lands. Soil pH was slightly higher for natural forests and lower in the soils of grazing and cultivated lands. Significant difference (P<0.05) among the two agro ecologies were also observed in OC, Ca2+, clay, and silt.. ConclusionTherefore, land use/ cover changes have affected the concentration of TN, OC, increase soil acidity and compaction that can affect productive of soils and production of crops.
Health Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors among Epileptic Patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Amhara Regional State, North East Ethiopia, 2020,&nbsp;A Cross Sectional Study. ​
Authors: Stotaw Alebachew Sisay , prem prem kumar , Beyene Dessale Abate , Hasen Seid Legesse , Ali Yimer Seid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Quality of life is individuals' perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and about their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. In the world, 70 million people suffer from epilepsy and 80% of epilepsy case was in the developing countries like Ethiopia. From a recent literature the prevalence quality of life in Ethiopia was 56.43. Due to different factor to contribute for the development of poor health-related quality of life that leads to the negative consequence on many patients with epilepsy; particularly in this study area, there were no studies done on the quality of life of epilepsy patients. Objective: To assess health related quality of life among epileptic patients and associated factors at Dessie referral Hospital, Amhara regional state, North East Ethiopia, 2020.Method: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April – June 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit a total of 415 study participants. Informed consent was taken for each participant and data was collected using the interviewer- administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data while multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed to explore factors affecting the quality of life, p≤0.05was considered as statistically significant. Result: The response rate of this study was 92.5%. Among the total study participant, 56% of them were male and their mean age of participant was 35.5 (SD±14.4) years. Regarding occupation 33.3% of the participant was unemployed. Majority 95.8% of study participants had generalized seizure and 64.3% were taken two anti-epileptic drugs. From the total study participant, 12.2% and 37% were developing depression and anxiety respectively. The mean overall health related quality of life score of this study was 51.98 (95% CI: 41.9 – 62.06) out of 100. Age, educational status, marital status, occupation, residence, history of co-morbidity, family support and recreational activity was associated with health related quality of life (p≤0.05)Conclusion: The mean overall quality of life for epileptic patients at Dessie referral hospital was low. Hence, a concerted effort must be done to improve patient quality of life towards the provided healthcare services.
The Comparison of STA-MCA Bypass and BMT for Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Disease A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term Outcome
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Cai Shifei , Fan Hao , Peng Chao , Wu Yuzhang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Superficial temporal artery (STA) - middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass surgery now being widely used in moyamoya disease, and its therapeutic value in SICAO remains divergent. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PUBMED, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases in Feb.2020, and updated in Jun.2019. We have strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment Tool was used to assess the quality of included RCTs. Review Manager 5.3 was used for analysis results in terms of comparing the STA-MCA bypass and BMT. For dichotomous variable outcomes, Risk Ratio (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for the assessment.Results: The total patient cohort consisted of 2419 patients, of whom 1188(49.1%) patients had been grouped in STA-MCA bypass, 1231(50.9%) patients had divided into BMT group. Mean follow-up of including patients was 29 months. The RRs of the seven studies was 1.01, and the 95% confidence interval was .89-1.15, with statistical significance, Z=.13, P=.89, sustaining that STA-MCA bypass was not superior to BMT in symptomatic carotid artery occlusion disease.Conclusion: STA-MCA bypass and BMT were associated with similar rates of a composite of long-term stroke. And the risk of long-term overall stroke was mildly higher with BMT. At present, each patient should receive more precise treatment, by reasonably assess the individual differences of each patient to reduce the recurrence rate of stroke.
Investigation of Cotton Germplasm for Genetic Divergence Regarding Yield Related Trait Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Ullah Qudrat , Ahmad Muhammad Zulfiqar , Ullah Kalim , Sayal Obaidullah , Jamil Arshad , Mohibullah Mohammad , Ahmad Bushra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cotton is a vital fiber and cash crop in Pakistan. Genetic diversity of a germplasm play an important role for cotton breeding. One hundred and two germplasm of upland cotton were investigated for genetic divergence regarding yield related attributes using principal component analysis. The research was carried out in RCB design with 2 replications. Experiment data was recorded on various qualitative and quantitative parameters and were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis.Results: PCA result showed that only four components were considered on account of their eigenvalue greater than 1 which contributed 65% to the total variability. Score plot showed that the suncrop-6, tipu-9, TJ-max, Deebal, CRIS-543, TH-20, Tahafuz-7, Eagle, BS-80, IUB-69, BH-221, NIAB-1048, and NIAB BT-2 showed the vertex of polygon and resulted as most divergent germplasm. Similarly cluster analysis also categorized the yield related traits into 5 main cluster. Cluster-1 contain 20 germplasm, cluster-II contain 16, and cluster-III, cluster-IV, and cluster-V comprise 13, 16, and 37 germplasm, respectively.Conclusion: Based on results, it was recommended that these genetically diverse germplasm might be used as parents that could be utilized in upcoming breeding programs.
Evaluation of biochemical defense response to Spodoptera litura infestation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum&nbsp;L.) genotypes
Authors: Hafeez Arslan , Ahmad Samina Jam Nazeer , Ahmad Jam Nazeer , Tipu Muhammad Imran , Malik Tanwir Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The cotton armyworm (Spodoptera litura) is one of the most devastating pests of many economically important crops including cotton which cause substantial yield losses due to its feeding pattern on leaves and other plant parts. Plants respond to herbivore damage through an array of defense responses to ensure their survival. This study was aimed to appraise biochemical defense responses of cotton genotypes to S. litura infestation.Methods: Two Bt cotton cultivars namely Bt-886 and CIM-622 and one non-Bt PB-896 cultivar were used in the study. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Leaf samples for biochemical analysis were collected after 24 hrs of infestation by third instar larvae.Results: Data revealed that infestation caused significant reduction in chlorophyll pigments of all cultivars. Infestation caused a marked increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde concentrations as well as activities of various antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase. The levels of other secondary metabolites such as phenolics, proline and glycine betaine were also found to be higher after infestation.Conclusion: Among the cotton cultivars, cv. PB-896 was found to be considerably resistant to pest attack due to an efficient antioxidant system, lower chlorophyll degradation, and lesser accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde that manifested minimal oxidative injury.
The ketogenic diet may influence cardiac function among children with epilepsy
Authors: Wang Juan , Jiang Li , Liu Fang Yong , Sun Ni , Guo Yi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The ketogenic diet (KD) is an effective therapy for children with intractable epilepsy. Dyslipidemia is a complication of the KD, and a negative marker of cardiovascular function. However, there is growing interest in the protective effects of KD on the cardiovascular system. To examine the negative and positive effects of the KD on cardiovascular function, the present prospective study aimed to assess lipid profiles and cardiac functions among patients with intractable epilepsy who were on the KD.Methods: Lipid levels were examined at the baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the KD was initiated. Color Doppler imaging was used to assess ventricular systolic and diastolic functions at the baseline and at 3 months after KD initiation.Results: There were no statistically significant changes in blood lipid levels. Unexpectedly, cardiac systolic function (p=0.03 for ejection fraction and 0.01 for fractional shortening ) improved significantly, and diastolic function (p=0.04 for E/A) decreased.Conclusion: The KD may have positive effects on cardiac systolic function among children with epilepsy. In the future, further laboratory and clinical studies will be needed to elucidate the mechanism by which KD influences cardiovascular function.
WITHDRAWN: An Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated by Chemoradiation with Reference to the Additional Performance of Hysterectomy Due to Emergency Vaginal Bleeding or Hemorrhage.
Authors: Lewandowska Agnieszka , Wicherek Lukasz , Koper Krzysztof , Szubert Sebastian , Terlikiewicz Joanna , Panek Grzegorz , Cwynar Marlena , Roszak Andrzej , Warenczak-Florczak Zaneta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
AimStandard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer patients (LACC) consists of chemoradiation followed by vaginal brachytherapy. However, many patients with LACC surgery undergo surgical treatment with hysterectomy during comprehensive cancer treatment. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the survival data of those who underwent hysterectomy due to vaginal bleeding or hemorrhage prior to definitive chemoradiation. Materials and methodsThe study group included 35 patients with stage IIB (according to the FIGO classification) cervical cancer who received chemoradiation following salvage hysterectomy performed because of severe bleeding. The control group consisted of 44patients with stage IIB cervical cancer treated with primary chemoradiation without completion hysterectomy. ResultsThe median period for patient follow-up was 100 months. We did not observe inferior survival rates among the patients treated with salvage hysterectomy prior to chemoradiation compared to those treated with chemoradiation alone (P=0.77). The 5-year survival rate for patients treated with initial surgery was 62% compared to 61% for those treated with primary chemoradiation. Six (17%) patients from the group treated with hysterectomy experienced severe adverse events. ConclusionWhen hysterectomy due to vaginal bleeding or hemorrhage in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer is performed prior to chemoradiation, it may have curative significance and provide some overall survival benefit.
Insulin-like 3 Affects Zebrafish Spermatogenic Cells Directly and via Sertoli Cells
Authors: Crespo Diego , Assis Luiz , Zhang Yu Ting , Safian Diego , Furmanek Tomasz , Skaftnesmo Kai Ove , Norberg Birgitta , Ge Wei , Choi Yung-Ching , Broeder Marjo den , Legler Juliette , Bogerd Jan , Schulz Rüdiger 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pituitary hormones can use local signaling molecules to regulate target tissue functions. In adult zebrafish testes, follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) strongly increases the production of insulin-like 3 (Insl3), a Leydig cell-derived growth factor found in all vertebrates. Little information is available regarding Insl3 function in adult spermatogenesis. The Insl3 receptors Rxfp2a and 2b were expressed by type A spermatogonia and Sertoli and myoid cells, respectively, in zebrafish testis tissue. Loss of insl3 increased germ cell apoptosis in males starting at 9 months of age, but spermatogenesis appeared normal in fully fertile, younger adults. Insl3 changed the expression of 409 testicular genes. Among others, retinoic acid (RA) signaling was up- and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) signaling was down-regulated. Follow-up studies showed that RA and Pparg signaling mediated Insl3 effects, resulting in the increased production of differentiating spermatogonia. This suggests that Insl3 recruits two locally active nuclear receptor pathways to implement pituitary (Fsh) stimulation of spermatogenesis.
Long Non-coding RNA SPRY4-IT1 as a Promising Indicator for Three Field Lymph-node Dissection of Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Qie Peng , Yin Qifan , Xun Xuejiao , Song Yongbin , Zhou Shaohui , Liu Huining , Feng Junpeng , Tian Ziqiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgroup：Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. Esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection(3FLND) is the radical surgical procedure for esophageal cancer. However, 3FLND is not widely used due to it’s higher mortality rate and higher incidence of postoperative complications. There is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers that can guide the most proper lymph-node dissection in esophageal cancer patients.Method：Ninety-two patients with thoracic ESCC undergoing 3FLND were enrolled into our study from the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Fourth Hospital affiliated to the Hebei Medical University and Hebei General Hospital between Jun 2011 and Dec 2015. Retrospectively collected data from these 92 patients was used to explore the relationship between the lymph-node metastasis、recurrence and the SPRY4-IT1 expression level and to determine whether 3FLND should be performed in patients with thoracic ESCC. Results: The findings revealed that the SPRY4-IT1 expression was significantly higher in esophageal cancer tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. (P<0.01). Furthermore, the high expression of SPRY4-IT1 was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P=0.029), T classification (P=0.013), lymph node metastasis(P=0.022) and pathological stage (P=0.001). The increased expression of SPRY4-IT1 was associated with a higher risk of cervical and superior mediastinal lymph-node metastasis(P = 0.039).However, no significant association was observed between the risk of cervical and superior mediastinal lymph-node recurrence and the SPRY4-IT1 expression level in the thoracic ESCC patients performed 3FLND(P=0.509). Conclusions: Our data support the assumption that the high expression of SPRY4-IT1 is associated with a high risk of lymph node metastasis and it has potential application as a indicator for guiding on three-field lymph node dissection in patients with thoracic ESCC. Randomized controlled trials with a large cohort of patients will be needed to confirm this conclusion in the future.
Job-Sharing Charge Storage in a Mixed Ion/Electron Conductor Electrode towards Ultrafast Na Storage
Authors: Wang Haihua , Zhang Jing , Zhang Jiliang , Lau Vincent Wing-hei , Lee Gi-Hyeok , Zhang Kai , Park Mihui , Fang Liang , Kang Yong-Mook 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For the cathode materials potentially available for high power capability, reducing their particle size can improve the bulk ionic conductivity due to reduced ion diffusion length, and exploiting new reaction mechanism must be fundamentally advantageous. However, other issues such as synthesis difficulty, poor charge storage stability, and capacity decay can emerge. To simultaneously address these issues, in this work, we first find solid-solid interfacial storage for the ultrafine insertion cathode materials in the space-charge region of a mixed ion/electron conductor through the so-called “job-sharing” mechanism. This mechanism shows that electrons and ions can be stored in the different phases around the interface and transport only inside there, which looks thermodynamically distinct from most of conventional charge storage mechanisms in terms of the relationship between charge storage and cell voltage. The insertion cathodes governed by the “job-sharing” mechanism thus exhibit the outstanding performances with high capacity, fast kinetics, and stable cyclability. Herein, the inverse conceptual compositing between ionic conductor and electronic conductor to harness the size effect offers a potential research direction for not only electrode design in high-power batteries, but also other electrochemical potential applications such as solid-state electrolytes and so on.
Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module (SIM) on Knowledge Regarding Cancer of Cervix and Its Prevention Among Married Women
Authors: Rajan Divya Rani , Munusamy Gomathi , Thampi Anoop , Shanmugam Ramesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Self-Instructional Module (SIM) is the self-contained typed written instructional material about the importance and prevention of cervical cancer prepared by an investigator. Instructional material given to the study subjects after a pre-test and self-evaluate by them before the post-test. Therefore, the present work aimed to find the effectiveness of SIM regarding cancer of the cervix and its prevention among married women in India. Results: SIM administrated to 60 married women after assessing pre-test knowledge on the prevention of cancer cervix. The study showed that there was a greater increase in mean post-test knowledge score 24.92 (±2.560) compared to that of the mean pre-test knowledge score 8.65 (±3.369). The paired t-test value for overall knowledge was 30.73 with the post-test mean percentage score (83.06) was high when compared to that of the mean percentage of pre-test knowledge score (28.83).