bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality–Based Rehabilitation of Gait Impairments: Case Report
Authors: Held Jeremia Philipp Oskar , Yu Kevin , Pyles Connor , Veerbeek Janne Marieke , Bork Felix , Heining Sandro-Michael , Navab Nassir , Luft Andreas Rüdiger 
Published: May 2020

Background
Gait and balance impairments are common in neurological diseases, including stroke, and negatively affect patients’ quality of life. Improving balance and gait are among the main goals of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is mainly performed in clinics, which lack context specificity; therefore, training in the patient’s home environment is preferable. In the last decade, developed rehabilitation technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality (AR) have enabled gait and balance training outside clinics. Here, we propose a new method for gait rehabilitation in persons who have had a stroke in which mobile AR technology and a sensor-based motion capture system are combined to provide fine-grained feedback on gait performance in real time.

Objective
The aims of this study were (1) to investigate manipulation of the gait pattern of persons who have had a stroke based on virtual augmentation during overground walking compared to walking without AR performance feedback and (2) to investigate the usability of the AR system.

Methods
We developed the ARISE (Augmented Reality for gait Impairments after StrokE) system, in which we combined a development version of HoloLens 2 smart glasses (Microsoft Corporation) with a sensor-based motion capture system. One patient with chronic minor gait impairment poststroke completed clinical gait assessments and an AR parkour course with patient-centered performance gait feedback. The movement kinematics during gait as well as the usability and safety of the system were evaluated.

Results
The patient changed his gait pattern during AR parkour compared to the pattern observed during the clinical gait assessments. He recognized the virtual objects and ranked the usability of the ARISE system as excellent. In addition, the patient stated that the system would complement his standard gait therapy. Except for the symptom of exhilaration, no adverse events occurred.

Conclusions
This project provided the first evidence of gait adaptation during overground walking based on real-time feedback through visual and auditory augmentation. The system has potential to provide gait and balance rehabilitation outside the clinic. This initial investigation of AR rehabilitation may aid the development and investigation of new gait and balance therapies.
Flattening the Mental Health Curve: COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Are Associated With Alterations in Mental Health Search Behavior in the United States
Authors: Jacobson Nicholas C , Lekkas Damien , Price George , Heinz Michael V , Song Minkeun , O’Malley A James , Barr Paul J 
Published: May 2020

Background
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to dramatic changes worldwide in people’s everyday lives. To combat the pandemic, many governments have implemented social distancing, quarantine, and stay-at-home orders. There is limited research on the impact of such extreme measures on mental health.

Objective
The goal of this study was to examine whether stay-at-home orders produced differential changes in mental health symptoms using internet search queries on a national scale.

Methods
In the United States, individual states vary in their adoption of measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19; as of March 23, 2020, 11 of the 50 states had issued stay-at-home orders. The staggered rollout of stay-at-home measures across the United States allows us to investigate whether these measures impact mental health by exploring variations in mental health search queries across the states. This paper examines the changes in mental health search queries on Google between March 16-23, 2020, across each state and Washington, DC. Specifically, this paper examines differential changes in mental health searches based on patterns of search activity following issuance of stay-at-home orders in these states compared to all other states. The participants were all the people who searched mental health terms in Google between March 16-23. Between March 16-23, 11 states underwent stay-at-home orders to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Outcomes included search terms measuring anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, negative thoughts, irritability, fatigue, anhedonia, concentration, insomnia, and suicidal ideation.

Results
Analyzing over 10 million search queries using generalized additive mixed models, the results suggested that the implementation of stay-at-home orders are associated with a significant flattening of the curve for searches for suicidal ideation, anxiety, negative thoughts, and sleep disturbances, with the most prominent flattening associated with suicidal ideation and anxiety.

Conclusions
These results suggest that, despite decreased social contact, mental health search queries increased rapidly prior to the issuance of stay-at-home orders, and these changes dissipated following the announcement and enactment of these orders. Although more research is needed to examine sustained effects, these results suggest mental health symptoms were associated with an immediate leveling off following the issuance of stay-at-home orders.
Análisis isocinético y corrección a condiciones de referencia en horno a cielo abierto en el municipio de Ocaña, Norte de Santander
Authors: Guerrero-Gómez Gustavo , Espinel-Blanco Edwin , Velásquez-Pérez Torcoroma 
Published: May 2020

Se realizó un muestreo isocinético al horno a cielo abierto de la ladrillera el recreo 2, empleando el método del analizador experimental siguiendo los pasos estipulados según la normatividad vigente establecida por el ministerio de ambiente, vivienda y desarrollo territorial en el protocolo para el control y vigilancia de la contaminación atmosférica generada por fuentes fijas, en el que se determinó la concentración de oxígeno, monóxido de carbono, dióxido de carbono y óxido de nitrógeno, por último se hizo la comparación con la normatividad ambiental Colombiana, de lo que se estableció que las emisiones de óxido nítrico medidas en la ladrillera monitoreada cumple con la norma.
¿Los Pelusos o frente de guerra Libardo Mora Toro-EPL? Percepción de Ocaña y llamado a diálogos de paz.
Authors: Alba Maldonado José Manuel , Rivera Rivera Astris , German del Real  
Published: May 2020

El artículo se inscribe dentro del proyecto de investigación titulado “Propuesta de integración territorial rural–urbana desde la construcción de ciudad región del municipio de Ocaña (Norte de Santander)” como parte de las relaciones urbano-rurales del Catatumbo y la ciudad de Ocaña; se centró en conocer cuál es la precepción de la ciudad de Ocaña sobre el Ejército Popular de Liberación –EPL- y su postura frente a la apertura de diálogos de paz. La metodología consta de una revisión documental sobre el EPL y las dinámicas del Frente Libardo Mora en la región del Catatumbo. En lo que tiene que ver con la percepción de la ciudadanía de Ocaña se aplicaron 385 encuestas de manera aleatoria a mayores de edad distribuidos en las comunas, indagando sobre la percepción del EPL, viabilidad de diálogos de paz y visión del Catatumbo a futuro como región en paz. Los resultados fueron el reconocimiento del EPL como guerrilla por parte los ciudadanos, la necesidad de apertura de diálogos de paz y la esperanza por construir un Catatumbo en paz. Como conclusión se plantea la necesidad de una apertura de diálogos con este grupo.
Does the Presence of a General Counsel in Top Management Affect Audit Effort and Audit Outcomes?
Authors: Brooks Marcus R. , Hairston Stephanie A. , Njoroge Phillip Kamau , Ryou Ji Woo 
Published: May 2020

SYNOPSIS
This study examines whether the presence of a general counsel (GC) in top management affects audit effort and audit outcomes. Hopkins, Maydew, and Venkatachalam (2015) find that firms with GCs in top management have lower financial reporting quality and tolerate more aggressive financial reporting practices, which likely influences audit risk. Given the GCs' influence on the financial reporting process, we posit that auditors of firms with GCs in top management increase the amount of effort they expend to provide reasonable assurance that financial statements are stated fairly. We find that the presence of GCs in firms' top management is positively associated with audit effort but does not directly affect the likelihood that these firms will receive unqualified audit opinions that contain explanatory language. Our findings suggest that GCs influence the external audit market by participating in the financial reporting process.
JEL Classifications: M42.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Transcriptomic profile of genes encoding proteins responsible for regulation of cells differentiation and neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro – an oocyte model approach
Authors: Moncrieff Lisa , Kocherova Ievgeniia , Bryja Artur , Kranc Wiesława , Perek Joanna , Kulus Magdalena , Jeseta Michal , Dompe Claudia , Hutchings Greg , Janowicz Krzysztof , Celichowski Piotr , Bruska Małgorzata , Zabel Maciej , Kempisty Bartosz , Mozdziak Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The growth and development of the oocyte is essential for the ovarian follicle. Cumulus cells (CCs) - a population of granulosa cells - exchange metabolites, proteins and oocyte-derived paracrine factors with the oocyte through gap junctions, to contribute to the competency and health of the oocyte. This bi-directional communication of the cumulus-oocyte complex could be better understood through the micro-analysis of a porcine oocyte gene expression before in vitro maturation (IVM) and after. Additionally, the study of the somatic and gamete cells differentiation capability into neuronal lineage would be promising for future stem cell research as granulosa cells are easily accessible waste material from in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures. Therefore, in this study, the oocytes of 45 pubertal Landrace gilts were isolated and the protein expression of the COCs were analyzed through micro-analysis techniques. Genes belonging to two ontological groups: neuron differentiation and negative regulation of cell differentiation have been identified which have roles in proliferation, migration and differentiation. Twenty identified porcine oocyte genes (VEGFA, BTG2, MCOLN3, EGR2, TGFBR3, GJA1, FST, CTNNA2, RTN4, MDGA1, KIT, RYK, NOTCH2, RORA, SMAD4, ITGB1, SEMA5A, SMARCA1, WWTR1 and APP) were found to be down-regulated after the transition of IVM compared to in vitro. These results could be applied as gene markers for the proliferation, migration and differentiation occurring in the bi-directional communication between the oocyte and CCs.

Running title: Differentiation and neurogenesis in oocyte cells
The processes of homeostasis, chemotaxis and organic and inorganic response are significantly up-regulated during short-term oral mucosal cells in vitro cultivation
Authors: Borowiec Blanka , Ciesiółka Sylwia , Janowicz Krzysztof , Celichowski Piotr , Bryja Artur , Moncrieff Lisa , Hutchings Greg , Dompe Claudia , Kempisty Bartosz , Shibli Jamil A. , Mozdziak Paul , Gerreth Karolina , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mucous membranes appear in various parts of the whole body performing similar functions. However, they differ based on where the mucosa is located. It functions as a barrier in such systems as: respiratory, urogenital and digestive . In this study we will be focusing strictly on the oral mucosa. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts, which mainly form the structure of the oral mucosa, are subjected to numerous factors. Being one of the million parts that build the animal organism, they are involved in various processes. In this study, we will try to confirm that in the in vitro culture of oral mucosa cells, the expression of our selected genes undergoes significant changes which are tied to such processes as: homeostasis, chemotaxis and organic/inorganic response of the organism. For this study, 20 pubertal crossbred Landrace gilts were used. After slaughter, samples of buccal pouch mucosa were obtained and transported to the laboratory. The excised tissue was prepared and processed due to protocols. The final pellet was resuspended in supplemented DMEM. Once the cultures attained 70–80% confluency, they were passaged. Total RNA from each pooled sample was subjected to two rounds of sense cDNA amplification. The cDNA was processed on microarrays. Analysis of the scanned arrays was performed. The files were imported into downstream data analysis software. The DAVID analysis showed that differently expressed genes belongs to 56 Gene ontology groups. In this paper we focused on “cellular divalent inorganic cation homeostasis”, “chemical homeostasis”, “chemotaxis”, “homeostatic process” and “response to organic substance” GO BP terms. These sets of genes were subjected to hierarchical clusterization procedure. In summary, the data we collected showed primarily changes in gene expression that occurred in the thirty-day cell culture of oral mucosa tissue. We assume that indicated genes could be new gene markers for studied processes.

Running title: Homeostasis in oral mucosa cells
New Approaches to Diagnostics of C.Difficile Infection
Authors: Stofkova Z , Novakova E , Sadloňová V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common infectious cause of diarrhoea in hospitalised patients. It is a severe issue with increasing incidence in healtcare facilities and commmunities. Early and appropriate testing of CDI is very imortant. There are many different approaches that can be used in the CDI laboratory diagnostics. Recently performed studies evaluated diagnostic algorithms to optimize laboratory CDI diagnostics. The aim of the work was to implement an optimal algorithm of testing methods in CDI diagnostics.

Materials and methods: The retrospective analysis of patients’ samples suspected on CDI was carried out in 2017. The data was analysed from the Laboratory Klinicka Biochemia in Zilina. The application of ESCMID re -commendation criteria for algorithm of testing, together with procedures in laboratory practice was carried out.

Results: The analysis of the data showed that the applied algorithm or testing in CDI and highlighted the importance of preanalytic phase, and the evaluation of testing methods and results, together with clinical findings. Two- and three- step algorithm together with cultivation methods were applied. 87,6% of samples could be eva -luated with positive or negative results according to the 2-step algorhitm. Further samples were assessed and tested by ELISA test or PCR method.

Conclusion: CDI represents a significant burden in healthcare facilities. An early diagnostics and interpretation helps to start the early treatment and helps in surveillence of the infection.
Effect of Post-Harvest Dipping and Various Packaging Materials on Quality Traits of Mandarin (Citrus Reticulata Blanco.)
Authors: Paudel Anup , Baral Dhruba , Acharya Himal , Dhital Madhav 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
An experiment was carried out to study the effect of post-harvest dipping and various packaging materials on quality traits of mandarin at the laboratory of Project Implementation Unit (Citrus zone) Udayapur, Katari from January to February 2019. The parameters observed were physiological loss in weight, juice content, titrable acidity, total soluble solids, TSS/TA ratio and shelf life. The packaging materials include individual newspaper wrapping, perforated polyethene and corrugated box. Gibberellic acid with a concentration of 100 ppm was used as a dipping material. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 8 treatment replicated 3 times. The result showed that among eight treatments combination, fruits treated with GA3 in combination with perforated polyethene recorded minimum physiological loss in weight (1.99%) and control (19.08%). High retention of juice content (40.30%), total soluble solids(12.83 brix) and titrable acidity (0.60%) was recorded in fruits treated with GA3 in combination with perforated polyethene in 24 days of storage. Fruits treated with GA3 in combination with perforated polyethene attained shelf life of 48 days followed by perforated polyethene with a shelf life of 44 days. Finding of the experiment may prove to be helpful in rural area to store mandarin with minimum loss as markets are far from the village.
Varying Impedance “Orbital Impedance Stability“ Graphene Based Supercapacitor Nanofiber Electrodes – Utilizing A New Direct Method of Studying Impedance Based on Actual Experimental Data
Authors: Mustafa Mustafa H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Single cell supercapacitors with electrodes of varying amounts of graphene and carbon black, formed via the electrospinning process with a carbon-based Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), were tested in 1M H2SO4. From the tested samples, the overall data indicates no correlation between impedance and capacitance energy values. However, the breakdown of the various samples showed mixed results of; good correlations between lower impedance resulting in higher and lower capacitance; while other samples showed higher impedance correlating to both higher and lower capacitance. No correlation was observed between the Impedance value and the thickness of the samples. Furthermore, carbon mole content was not a major factor in determining impedance; therefore, structure is not a major contributor to impedance. Whereas, carbon mole content is a major contributor to capacitance energy; Hence, impedance provides an alternative control point to increasing energy (2-10X times), that can be retrofitted to existing systems, or to increase the energy storage beyond current levels by adjusting/controlling impedance in new designs. The data is indicating impedance is not constant and is varying. The mechanism of varying impedance is unclear and requires further research. However, it is thought to mimic the energy level and stability of matter (atoms). Therefore, impedance varies or oscillates accordingly to achieve an impedance level stability, and hence the term “Orbital Impedance Stability”. Thoughts into Impedance being an Energy Field, to be provided in next publication (In-sha’-ALLAH). This research is concluding that our conventional understanding of impedance is limited in scope. New approaches and further research is needed to better understand impedance behavior. A better understanding of impedance is essential to a breakthrough in energy storage devices from capacitors and batteries, to electric generation and distribution of energy, to magnetic levitation, medical drugs and other energy improvements.
Exploring the potential effect and mechanisms of protocatechuic acid on human hair follicle melanocytes
Authors: Li Bo , Tan Jun , Zou Bosheng , Liu Xiaojia , Yu Yiling 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on human hair follicle melanocytes (HFM). Normal primary HFM were isolated and cultured till logarithmic period of second passage, then treated with different concentrations of PCA (0.1–200 μmol L−1) to study the cell proliferation, melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and protein and mRNA expression of melanogenic genes (tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)) in the cultured HFM. In addition, we have also measured the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in PCA treated HFM. Vitamin C was used as a positive control. The result showed that PCA can decrease the synthesis of melanin and the tyrosinase activity with IC
50 = 8.9 μmol L−1 and IC
50 = 6.4 μmol L−1, respectively, at the treatment time of 24 hours, without inducing any cytotoxicity in HFM cells. In addition, the mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF significantly decreased with a dose-dependent manner after 24-hour PCA treated in HFM cells. Furthermore, PCA has significantly increased the SOD and GSH activity in a dose-dependent manner for 24-hour PCA treatment. This study suggested that PCA has an inhibitory effect on the production of melanin through down-regulation of the expression of melanogenesis-related protein and the effect of anti-oxidation, which could be useful for the therapy of melanin overproduction or skin whitening.
Endoparasites in Sows and Selected Reproduction Parameters
Authors: Knecht Damian , Jankowska-Mąkosa Anna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze infection of sows with endoparasites depending on their physiological phase and length of exploitation, as well as to determine the effects of infection on selected parameters of reproductive performance. 300 fecal samples collected from the same 75 sows in 4 phases of the production cycle (dry sows, low pregnancy, high pregnancy, lactation) were tested in the experiment. Species and gender diversity, prevalence, OPG and EPG were determined in the study. These parameters were compared in terms of the physiological phase and the length of exploitation. Selected parameters of reproductive performance of sows were also examined, which were compared taking into account the length of exploitation and sows infection with individual parasites.
The study showed that the entire population was infected with two parasites at all physiological phases: Eimeria spp. (17% prevalence, 2275 OPG) and Ascaris suum (5% prevalence, EPG 79). The presence of parasites from Eimeria genus (prevalence 40%, OPG 2976) in sows exploited for 1 year had a negative effect on some parameters of their reproduction performance. Infected sows, compared to noninfected ones, were characterized by a lower number of live piglets (by 0.21 heads) (p≤0.05), a higher number of stillborn piglets (by 0.21 heads) (p≤0.05), as well as lower daily weight gains of piglets (by 15 g) (p≤0.05), which contributed to their lower weaning body weight (by 0.45 kg) (p≤0.05).
Gender Differences in Subjective Quality of Life of Elite and Competitive Sports Games Players
Authors: Nemček Juraj 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The objective of the present study was to analyse subjective quality of life (S-QOL) throughout the quality of life indicators’ (QOLIs) and quality of life domains’ (QOLDs) satisfaction, and overall S-QOL among elite and competitive sports games players (i.e. players) and compare the SQOL between the male and female. The research sample comprised of 106 male players (mean age 27.2 ± 1.96 years) and 28 female players (mean age 24.9 ± 1.45 years). A standardized Subjective Quality of Life Analyses (S.QUA.L.A.) was used as a primary research method. No significant differences were found in overall S-QOL neither in QOLDs’ satisfaction between male and female players. Male players present significantly higher satisfaction with leisure activities, sport and work than females. Both genders equally declared the highest S-QOL by social relation and physical health/level of independence and the lowest level of S-QOL by psychological health/spirituality.
A new approach for nuclear family model with fractional order Caputo derivative
Authors: Koca Ilknur , Yaprakdal Pelin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A work on a mathematical modeling is very popular in applied sciences. Nowadays many mathematical models have been considered and new methods have been used for approaching of these models. In this paper we are considering mathematical modeling of nuclear family model with fractional order Caputo derivative. Also the existence and uniqueness results and numerical scheme are given with Adams-Bashforth scheme via fractional order Caputo derivative.