bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of measurement properties of health-related quality of life instruments for burns: A systematic review
Authors: Legemate Catherine M. , Spronk Inge , Mokkink Lidwine B. , Middelkoop Esther , Polinder Suzanne , van Baar Margriet E. , van der Vlies Cornelis H. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a key outcome in the evaluation of burn treatment. Health-related quality of life instruments with robust measurement properties are required to provide high-quality evidence to improve patient care. The aim of this review was to critically appraise the measurement properties of HRQL instruments used in burns.

METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google scholar to reveal articles on the development and/or validation of HRQL instruments in burns. Measurement properties were assessed using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments methodology. A modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation analysis was used to assess risk of bias (prospero ID, CRD42016048065).

RESULTS
Forty-three articles covering 15 HRQL instruments (12 disease-specific and 3 generic instruments) were included. Methodological quality and evidence on measurement properties varied widely. None of the instruments provided enough evidence on their measurement properties to be highly recommended for routine use; however, two instruments had somewhat more favorable measurement properties. The Burn-Specific Health Scale—Brief (BSHS-B) is easy to use, widely accessible, and demonstrated sufficient evidence for most measurement properties. The Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profiles were the only instruments with high-quality evidence for content validity.

CONCLUSION
The Burn Specific Health Scale—Brief (burn-specific HRQL) and the Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile (burn scar HRQL) instruments have the best measurement properties. There is only weak evidence on the measurement properties of generic HRQL instruments in burn patients. Results of this study form important input to reach consensus on a universally used instrument to assess HRQL in burn patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review, level III.
Mapping the increasing interest in acute care surgery—Who, why and which fellowship?
Authors: Gayed Benjamin N. , Zarzaur Ben L. , Livingston David H. , Chiu William C. , Davis Kimberly A. , Tisherman Samuel A. , Alam Hasan B. , Spain David A. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND
Interest in acute care surgery (ACS) has increased over the past 10 years as demonstrated by the linear increase in fellowship applicants to the different fellowships leading to ACS careers. It is unclear why interest has increased, whether various fellowship pathways attract different applicants or whether fellowship choice correlates with practice patterns after graduation.

METHODS
An online survey was distributed to individuals previously registered with the Surgical critical care and Acute care surgery Fellowship Application Service. Fellowship program directors were also asked to forward the survey to current and former fellows to increase the response rate. Data collected included demographics, clinical interests and motivations, publications, and postfellowship practice patterns. Fisher's exact and Pearson's χ2 were used to determine significance.

RESULTS
Trauma surgery was the primary clinical interest for all fellowship types (n = 273). Fellowship type had no impact on academic productivity or practice patterns. Most fellows would repeat their own fellowship. The 2-year American Association for the Surgery of Trauma–approved fellowship was nearly uniformly reported as the preferred choice among those who would perform a different fellowship. Career motivations were similar across fellowships and over time though recent trainees were more likely to consider predictability of schedule a significant factor in career choice. Respondents reported graduated progression to full responsibility, further exposure to trauma care and additional operative technical training as benefits of a second fellowship year.

CONCLUSION
American Association for the Surgery of Trauma–approved 2-year fellows appear to be the most satisfied with their fellowship choice. No differences were noted in academic productivity or practice between fellowships. Future research should focus on variability in trauma training and operative experience during residency and in practice to better inform how a second fellowship year would improve training for ACS careers.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Descriptive, mixed methods, Level IV.
The Impact of Biliary Reconstruction Methods on Small Partial Liver Grafts
Authors: Yoshikawa Junichi , Hata Koichiro , Nakamura Kojiro , Okamura Yusuke , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: January 2020

Background.
Graft recipient weight ratios are lower in adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation than in adult-to-adult deceased-donor liver transplantation. Rapid liver regeneration is essential for increased recipient survival rates in adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation. However, the influence of biliary reconstruction methods, including choledocho-choledochostomy and choledocho-jejunostomy, on small partial liver grafts remains unknown. Herein, we investigate the impact of these biliary reconstruction methods on small partial liver grafts.

Methods.
Male Lewis rats underwent isogenic arterialized 30% partial liver transplantation with small partial grafts, either via choledocho-jejunostomy or choledocho-choledochostomy.

Results.
The 7-day survival rates of the choledocho-choledochostomy and choledocho-jejunostomy groups were 100% and 50%, respectively (P = 0.011). Choledocho-jejunostomy provoked reflux cholangitis, as confirmed by neutrophil infiltration around the bile ducts; suppressed and delayed liver regeneration in grafts, as confirmed by significant increases in intrahepatic interleukin-1β level, significant decreases in the graft weight increase ratios, hepatocyte proliferation, and intrahepatic mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor; and induced graft dysfunction, as confirmed by the presence of massive ascites, significantly decreased bile production, and prolonged elevation of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase.

Conclusions.
Choledocho-jejunostomy predisposed grafts to cholangitis, impaired liver regeneration, and aggravated animal survival, suggesting that choledocho-choledochostomy may be preferable over choledocho-jejunostomy in adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation.
Finding hotspots: development of an adaptive spatial sampling approach
Authors: Andrade-Pacheco Ricardo , Rerolle Francois , Lemoine Jean , Hernandez Leda , Aboulaye Meïté , Juziwelo Lazarus , Bibaut Aurelien , van der Laan Mark , Arnold Benjamin , Sturrock Hugh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe identification of disease hotspots is an increasingly important public health problem. While geospatial modeling offers an opportunity to predict the locations of hotspots using suitable environmental and climatological data, little attention has been paid to optimizing the design of surveys used to inform such models. Here we introduce an adaptive sampling scheme optimized to identify hotspot locations where prevalence exceeds a relevant threshold. Our approach incorporates ideas from Bayesian optimization theory to adaptively select sample batches. We present an experimental simulation study based on survey data of schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis across four countries. Results across all scenarios explored show that adaptive sampling produces superior results and suggest that similar performance to random sampling can be achieved with a fraction of the sample size.
Protocol for Project Recovery: Cardiac Surgery - Leveraging Digital Platform for Efficient Collection of Longitudinal Patient-Reported Outcome Data Towards Improving Postoperative Recovery
Authors: Mori Makoto , Brooks Cornell , Spatz Erica , Mortazavi Bobak J , Dhruva Sanket S. , Linderman George C. , Grab Lawrence A. , Zhang Yawei , Geirsson Arnar , Chaudhry Sarwat I. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionImproving postoperative patient recovery after cardiac surgery is a priority, but our current understanding of individual variations in recovery and factors associated with poor recovery is limited. We are using a health-information exchange platform to collect patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and wearable device data to phenotype recovery patterns in the 30-day period after cardiac surgery hospital discharge, to identify factors associated with these phenotypes and to investigate phenotype associations with clinical outcomes.Methods and analysisWe designed a prospective cohort study to enroll 200 patients undergoing valve, coronary artery bypass graft, or aortic surgery at a tertiary center in the U.S. We are enrolling patients postoperatively after the intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, and delivering electronic surveys directly to patients every 3 days for 30 days after hospital discharge. We will conduct medical record reviews to collect patient demographics, comorbidity, operative details and hospital course using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) data definitions. We will use phone interview and medical record review data for adjudication of survival, readmission, and complications. We will apply group-based trajectory modeling to the time-series PROM and device data to classify patients into distinct categories of recovery trajectories. We will evaluate whether certain recovery pattern predicts death or hospital readmissions, as well as whether clinical factors predict a patient having poor recovery trajectories. We will evaluate whether early recovery patterns predict the overall trajectory at the patient-level.Ethics and disseminationThe Yale Institutional Review Board approved this study. Following the description of the study procedure, we obtain written informed consent from all study participants. The consent form states that all personal information, survey response, and any medical records are confidential, will not be shared, and are stored in an encrypted database.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis study will assess the patient perspective on recovery after cardiac surgery at a high frequency within the 30-day postoperative period with surveys and activity monitoring via a health information platform and wearable devices.Using longitudinal patient-reported outcomes measure (PROM) data, this study will define recovery patterns and factors associated with different recovery trajectories and guide the development interventions to improve recovery and support expansion of the study to additional sites.The study is single center and the sample size is limited.
Effective connectivity of the hippocampus can differentiate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls: a spectral DCM approach
Authors: Uscătescu Lavinia Carmen , Kronbichler Lisa , Stelzig-Schöler Renate , Pearce Brandy-Gale , Said-Yürekli Sarah , Reich Luise Antonia , Weber Stefanie , Aichhorn Wolfgang , Kronbichler Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe applied spectral dynamic causal modelling (spDCM; Friston et al., 2014) to analyze the effective connectivity differences between the nodes of three resting state networks (i.e. Default mode network/DMN, Salience network/SAN and Dorsal attention network/DAN) in a dataset of 31 healthy controls (HC) and 25 patients with schizophrenia (SZ), all male. Patients showed increased connectivity from the left hippocampus (LHC) to the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC), right anterior insula (RAI), left frontal eye fields (LFEF) and the bilateral inferior parietal sulcus (LIPS & RIPS), as well as increased connectivity from the right hippocampus (RHC) to the bilateral anterior insula (LAI & RAI), right frontal eye fields (RFEF) and RIPS. Moreover, negative symptoms predicted the connectivity strengths from the LHC to the DACC, the left inferior parietal sulcus (LIPAR) and the RHC, while positive symptoms predicted the connectivity strengths from the LHC to the LIPAR and from the RHC to the LHC. These results reinforce the crucial role of hippocampus dysconnectivity in SZ pathology and its potential as a biomarker of disease severity.
Dicer- and BSC-dependent miRNAs during murine anagen development
Authors: Vishlaghi Neda , Lisse Thomas S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major class of conserved non-coding RNAs that have a wide range of functions during development and disease. Biogenesis of canonical miRNAs depend on the cytoplasmic processing of pre-miRNAs to mature miRNAs by the Dicer endoribonuclease. Once mature miRNAs are generated, the miRNA-induced silencing complex, or miRISC, incorporates one strand of miRNAs as a template for recognizing complementary target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to dictate post-transcriptional gene expression. Besides regulating miRNA biogenesis, Dicer is also part of miRISC to assist in activation of the complex. Dicer associates with other regulatory miRISC co-factors such as trans-activation responsive RNA-binding protein (Tarbp2) to regulate miRNA-based RNA interference. Although the functional role of miRNAs within epidermal keratinocytes have been extensively studied within embryonic and post-natal mouse skin, its contribution to the normal function of hair follicle bulge stem cells (BSCs) during post-natal hair follicle development is unknown. With this question in mind, we sought to ascertain whether Dicer-Tarpb2 plays a functional role within BSCs during induced anagen development by utilizing conditional knockout mouse models. Our findings suggest that Dicer, but not Tarbp2, functions within BSCs to regulate induced anagen (growth) development of post-natal hair follicles. These findings strengthen our understanding of miRNA-dependency within hair follicle cells to define a boundary for post-transcriptional gene regulation during anagen development.
Neuronal oscillatory activities in separate frequencies encode hierarchically distinct visual features
Authors: Date Hiroto , Kawasaki Keisuke , Hasegawa Isao , Okatani Takayuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough most previous studies in cognitive neuroscience have focused on the change of the neuronal firing rate under various conditions, there has been increasing evidence that indicates the importance of neuronal oscillatory activities in cognition. In the visual cortex, specific time-frequency bands are thought to have selectivity to visual stimuli. Furthermore, several recent studies have shown that several time-frequency bands are related to frequency-specific feedforward or feedback processing in inter-areal communication. However, few studies have investigated detailed visual selectivity of each time-frequency band, especially in the primate inferior temporal cortex (ITC). In this work, we analyze frequency-specific electrocorticography (ECoG) activities in the primate ITC by training encoding models that predict frequency-specific amplitude from hierarchical visual features extracted from a deep convolutional neural network (CNNs). We find that ECoG activities in two specific time-frequency bands, theta (around 5 Hz) and gamma (around 20-25 Hz) bands, are better predicted from CNN features than the other bands. Furthermore, theta- and gamma-band activities are better predicted from higher and lower layers in CNNs, respectively. Our visualization analysis using CNN-based encoding models qualitatively show that theta- and gamma-band encoding models have selectivity to higher- and lower-level visual features, respectively. Our results suggest that neuronal oscillatory activities in theta and gamma bands carry distinct information in the hierarchy of visual features, and that distinct levels of visual information are multiplexed in frequency-specific brain signals.
Pre-movement changes in sensorimotor beta oscillations predict motor adaptation drive
Authors: Darch Henry T , Cerminara Nadia L , Gilchrist Iain D , Apps Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeta frequency oscillations in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) recordings over the primary motor cortex have been associated with the preparation and execution of voluntary movements. Here, we test whether changes in beta frequency are related to the preparation of adapted movements in human, and whether such effects generalise to other species (cat). Eleven healthy adult humans performed a joystick visuomotor adaptation task. Beta (15-25Hz) scalp EEG signals recorded over the motor cortex during a pre-movement preparatory phase were, on average, significantly reduced in amplitude during early adaptation trials compared to baseline or late adaptation trials (p=0.01). The changes in beta were not related to measurements of reaction time or duration of the reach. We also recorded LFP activity within the primary motor cortex of three cats during a prism visuomotor adaptation task. Analysis of these signals revealed similar reductions in motor cortical LFP beta frequencies during early adaptation. This effect was also present when controlling for any influence of the reaction time and reaching duration. Overall, the results are consistent with a reduction in pre-movement beta oscillations predicting an increase in adaptive drive in upcoming task performance when motor errors are largest in magnitude and the rate of adaptation is greatest.
Spatial and functional links between cellular virological state and progression of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Liu Danping , Lu Wei , Zheng Ye , Wu Min , Ding Jiahui , Xu Mingzhu , Zhou Xiaohui , Feng Yanling , Zhang Zhanqing , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is strongly associated with the progression of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite intensive study, the detailed mechanisms leading to HBV induced liver disease have not been fully elucidated. Previously, we reported a mosaic distribution of viral antigens and nucleic acids at single-cell level in liver tissues of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and proposed a ‘three-stage model’ of HBV infection in vivo. Here, we explored whether the different stages at cellular level is functionally linked with fibrogenesis. We observed a tight spatial relationship between the invasion of collagen fibers and transitions from S-rich to DNA-rich stage. While S-rich cells mainly localized within minimally fibrotic tissue, DNA-rich cells were often closely surrounded by a milieu of stiffened extracellular matrix (ECM). cDNA microarray and subsequent validation analyses revealed that S-rich cells manifested elevated ribosomal proteins and oxidative phosphorylation genes in a disease phase-dependent manner. On the other hand, DNA-rich cells exhibited gradually deteriorated expression of hepatocyte-specific antigen and transcriptional regulator in parallel with the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Finally, during fibrogenesis, inflammatory genes such as IP-10 were found to be expressed in both portal infiltrated cells and surrounding parenchymal cells which resulted in suppressed antigen expression. Taken together, we propose that liver inflammation and accompanying fibrogenesis is spatially and functionally linked with the transition of virological stages at cellular level. These transitions occur possibly due to an altered hepatocyte transcription profile in response to a transformed ECM environment. The collective viral and host activities shape the histological alterations and progression of liver disease during CHB infection.
Transcriptional regulation of theNε-fructoselysine metabolism inEscherichia coliby global and substrate-specific cues
Authors: von Armansperg Benedikt Graf , Koller Franziska , Gericke Nicola , Hellwig Michael , Jagtap Pravin Kumar Ankush , Heermann Ralf , Hennig Janosch , Henle Thomas , Lassak Jürgen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermally processed food is an important part of the human diet. Heat-treatment, however, promotes the formation of so-called Amadori rearrangement products (ARPs), such as fructoselysine. The gut microbiota includingEscherichia colican utilize these compounds as a nutrient source. While the degradation route for fructoselysine is well described, regulation of the corresponding pathway genesfrlABCDremained poorly understood. Here we use bioinformatics combined with molecular and biochemical analyses and show that inE. coli, fructoselysine metabolism is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level. The global regulator Crp (CAP), as well as the alternative sigma factor σ32 (RpoH) contribute to promoter activation at high cAMP-levels and heat stress, respectively. In addition, we identified and characterized a transcriptional regulator FrlR, encoded adjacent tofrlABCD, as fructoselysine-6-phosphate specific roadblock repressor. Our study provides profound evidence that the interplay of global and substrate-specific regulation is a perfect adaptation strategy to efficiently utilize unusual substrates within the human gut environment.Abbreviated SummaryThermal food processing promotes the formation of Amadori rearrangement products (ARPs), such as fructoselysine. The gut microbiota includingEscherichia colican utilize these compounds as a nutrient source. We show that inE. coli, fructoselysine metabolism is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level by global and substrate-specific regulators. Their interplay is a perfect adaptation strategy to efficiently utilize fructoselysine within the human gut environment.Graphical Abstract