bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Software-supported collaboration in small- and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Hardwig Thomas , Klötzer Stefan , Boos Margarete 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to understand the current state and challenges of deploying collaborative applications in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 101 SMEs in Germany showed how intensively collaborative applications are used today and the positive and negative effects associated with their use. Analyses proved correlations between the use of collaborative applications, the need for cooperation within SMEs and the effects and benefits of their use.

Findings
The company representatives surveyed reported a positive balance of their pro and con experiences with collaborative applications. The use of collaborative applications closely interacts with work-related demands: the more complex the requirements of joint action, the broader the benefits and challenges are of their use. The data also revealed three gaps between demand of cooperation and use of specific applications, supporting the argument that implementation of collaborative applications is challenging for SMEs. A successful use requires major changes in work systems and culture of the company.

Research limitations/implications
The data of the survey are not representative of the population of SMEs in Germany.

Originality/value
These empirical findings contribute a unique as well as substantive view of today’s state of digitalisation of project communication and management within SMEs, specifically their deployment of collaborative software.
Case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis presenting as necrotic migratory erythema successfully controlled by danazol
Authors: Zhang Manfeng , Tang Xuhua , Zhou Hui , Liao Qiman , Han Jiande 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare cutaneous disorder with cyclic skin eruptions during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Patients can present with various clinical manifestations, including urticaria and angioedema, erythema multiforme, eczema, fixed drug eruption and centrifugal erythema annulare. In our case, however, the patient’s skin lesions mimic necrotic migratory erythema (NME) which is most commonly associated with glucagonoma and rarely with liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, malnutrition and other tumors. To our knowledge, this is the first case of NME‐like APD and is successfully controlled by danazol. This also sheds lights on the etiologic diversity of NME.
Plant roots stimulate the decomposition of complex, but not simple, soil carbon
Authors: Moore Jessica A. M. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Mayes Melanie A. , Patterson Courtney M. , Classen Aimée T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Roots release carbon into soil and can alleviate energy limitation of microbial organic matter decomposition. We know little about the effects of roots on microbial decomposition of different organic matter substrates, despite the importance for soil carbon stocks and turnover. Through implementing root–microbe interactions, the Carbon, Organisms, Rhizosphere and Protection in the Soil Environment (CORPSE) model was previously shown to represent dynamics of total soil carbon in temperate forest field experiments. However, the model permits alternative hypotheses concerning microbial‐substrate affinity.

We investigated how root inputs affect decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC) with variable decomposability. We simulated SOC stocks in CORPSE and compared microbial degradation of two substrate types with varying root–microbe interactions under two alternative hypotheses that varied in microbial‐substrate affinity. We compared our modelled hypotheses to a forest field experiment where we quantified decomposition of isotopically labelled starch and leaf tissues in soils with manipulated root access to microbes. We tested the hypothesis that decomposition of leaves would be more sensitive to root inputs than decomposition of starch, corresponding to the alternative model hypotheses.

In the field study, leaf decomposition increased with root density, whereas starch decomposition was unchanged by root density. Microbial biomass and enzyme activity consistently increased with root inputs in CORPSE and the field study. Our field experiment supported the CORPSE simulations with high microbial‐substrate affinity.

Roots stimulated microbial growth and enzyme production, which increased the degradation of more complex substrates such as leaf tissues. Substrates that were easily decomposed, such as starch, may already be degrading at a maximum rate in the absence of rhizosphere influence because their decomposition rate was unchanged by root inputs. We found that the degree to which roots stimulate microbial decomposition depends on the substrate being decomposed, and that root–microbe interactions influenced SOC stocks in both our model and field experiment. Environmental changes that alter root–microbe interactions could, therefore, alter soil C stocks and biogeochemical cycling, and models of these interactions should incorporate differential influence of rhizosphere inputs on different substrates.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Stature Estimation from Postmortem CT Femoral Maximum Length in Contemporary Danish Population
Authors: Zhang Qun , Paz Adrià Rodríguez , Banner Jytte , Jørkov Marie Louise Schjellerup , Villa Chiara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStature estimation methods for Danish adult population have generally relied on Trotter and Gleser’s and Boldsen’s regression equations that are based on the skeletal remains of recent war dead American Whites, Terry Skeletal Collection, and Danish archaeological medieval skeletal materials, respectively. These equations are probably not suitable for stature estimation in contemporary Danish forensic cases. Furthermore, because postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is now routinely performed at Danish forensic departments, equations based on PMCT, rather than measurements of defleshed bones, are needed. The aim of this study was to develop new equations for adult stature estimation based on PMCT femoral measurement. Maximum femoral length was measured on the PMCT images of 78 individuals (41 males and 37 females) aged 23–45 years. The measurement accuracy was tested on dry bones, and all the measurements were included in the inter‐ and intra‐observer analyses. Both analyses results demonstrated the reliability of the method and data. Comparison between the living stature of the individuals and the estimates based on the equations by Trotter and Gleser and Boldsen demonstrated the unreliability of the previous equations to some extent. New regression equations were then developed and validated on a different sample of 18 Danish forensic cases. Comparisons of all the equations indicated that both the sets of previous equations underestimated the stature in the new validation dataset. The new equations developed in this study provide a reliable alternative for stature estimation in modern Danish forensic cases.
Emergency department impact following the introduction of an electric scooter sharing service
Authors: Beck Sierra , Barker Luke , Chan Annie , Stanbridge Signe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to describe the impact on the single ED serving Dunedin, New Zealand, following the introduction of an electric‐scooter (e‐scooter) sharing service.MethodsA retrospective cohort study comparing the number of vehicle related injuries during identical 6‐week periods in 2018 and 2019 was performed. A descriptive analysis of the subset of e‐scooter related presentations was undertaken.ResultsA total of 172 and 228 vehicle related injury presentations were identified in samples from 2018 and 2019, respectively. During the 2018 study period zero e‐scooter related ED presentations were identified. In 2019 there were 56 e‐scooter related ED presentations (P‐value <0.001) representing 54 events. There were 52 car, 21 motorbike and 62 bicycle related presentations during the same 2019 time period. Further descriptive analysis showed the majority of e‐scooter presentations were for minor injury. Fractures or dislocations were found in 17 (32%) patients and 14 (26%) patients sustained a head injury, one of which was severe. Isolated minor musculoskeletal injuries were seen in 25 (46%) patients. On average one ED bed was occupied by an e‐scooter patient for 2 h and 44 min each day during the 6‐week study period in 2019.ConclusionThe introduction of an e‐scooter sharing service resulted in a new injury hazard. Our study presents the number of e‐scooter related ED presentations relative to other vehicles related injury visits and describes the injury patterns associated with e‐scooter use which may inform future public policy.
Effects of developmental plasticity on heat tolerance may be mediated by changes in cell size in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Verspagen Nadja , Leiva Félix P. , Janssen Irene M. , Verberk Wilco C. E. P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the physiology underpinning heat tolerance of ectotherms and their responses to the ongoing rise in temperature. However, there is no consensus about the underlying physiological mechanisms. According to “the maintain aerobic scope and regulate oxygen supply” hypothesis, responses to warming at different organizational levels contribute to the ability to safeguard energy metabolism via aerobic pathways. At the cellular level, a decrease in cell size increases the capacity for the uptake of resources (e.g., food and oxygen), but the maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cellular membranes implies greater energetic costs in small cells. In this study, we investigated how different rearing temperatures affected cell size and heat tolerance in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We tested the hypothesis that smaller‐celled flies are more tolerant to acute, intense heat stress whereas larger‐celled flies are more tolerant to chronic, mild heat stress. We used the thermal tolerance landscape framework, which incorporates the intensity and duration of thermal challenge. Rearing temperatures strongly affected both cell size and survival times. We found different effects of developmental plasticity on tolerance to either chronic or acute heat stress. Warm‐reared flies had both smaller cells and exhibited higher survival times under acute, intense heat stress when compared to cold‐reared flies. However, under chronic, mild heat stress, the situation was reversed and cold‐reared flies, consisting of larger cells, showed better survival. These differences in heat tolerance could have resulted from direct effects of rearing temperature or they may be mediated by the correlated changes in cell size. Notably, our results are consistent with the idea that a smaller cell size may confer tolerance to acute temperatures via enhanced oxygen supply, while a larger cell may confer greater tolerance to chronic and less intense heat stress via more efficient use of resources.
Novel paper‐based colorimetric immunoassay (PCI) for sensitive and specific detection of salbutamol residues in flesh of swine and urine using Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite as label
Authors: Malahom Nutthaporn , Jarujamrus Purim , Anutrasakda Wipark , Chawengkirttikul Runglawan , Siripinyanond Atitaya , Meelapsom Rattapol , Amatatongchai Maliwan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSalbutamol (SAL) can cause potential hazards to human health and its use as a growth promoter in meat‐producing animals is illegal. This work reports a novel approach for competitive paper‐based colorimetric immunoassay (PCI) using the Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite as label for sensitive and specific determination of SAL in flesh of swine and urine. The Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite was synthesized by a one‐step chemical bath method, which could instantly oxidize a chromogenic substrate for the color development under acidic conditions without the participation of H2O2. This approach provides high affinity between the Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite and the substrate (with the Michaelis–Menten constant of 0.44 mM). In addition, the fabrication process of the PCI was simple and cost‐effective. Particularly, the novel PCI also exhibits simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of the fabrication process through a simple wax screen‐printing, which requires inexpensive equipment and material including a screen, wax, a squeegee, and a hair dryer. Under optimal conditions, the competitive PCI exhibited a linearity range of 0.025 to 1.00 µg/L. The developed approach offers advantages over the conventional ELISA for the purpose of routine use because it requires a shorter incubation time (<1 hr), significantly small volumes of reagents and samples (<100 µL each), and an inexpensive consumer‐grade digital camera coupled with a simple gray‐scale transformation of the RGB (Red Green Blue) color image for the purpose of quantification of the detection.Practical ApplicationSalbutamol (SAL) can cause potential hazards to human health and the use of which as growth promoter in meat‐producing animals is illegal. This work introduces a novel approach for competitive immunoassay on paper‐based colorimetric immunoassay using the Ag3PO4/Ag nanocomposite as the label (instead of using natural enzyme) for low‐cost, sensitive, and specific determination of SAL residues at low level in flesh of swine and urine samples. The proposed approach offers advantages over the conventional ELISA for the purpose of routine use.
Redistribution of pulmonary ventilation after lung surgery detected with electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Lehmann Martin , Oehler Beatrice , Zuber Jonas , Malzahn Uwe , Walles Thorsten , Muellenbach Ralf M. , Roewer Norbert , Kredel Markus 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundRegional ventilation of the lung can be visualized by pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The aim of this study was to examine the post‐operative redistribution of regional ventilation after lung surgery dependent on the side of surgery and its association with forced vital capacity.MethodsIn this prospective, observational cohort study 13 patients undergoing right and 13 patients undergoing left‐sided open or video‐thoracoscopic procedures have been investigated. Pre‐operative measurements with EIT and spirometry were compared with data obtained 3 days post‐operation. The center of ventilation (COV) within a 32 × 32 pixel matrix was calculated from EIT data. The transverse axis coordinate of COV, COVx (left/right), was modified to COVx′ (ipsilateral/contralateral). Thus, COVx′ shows a negative change if ventilation shifts contralateral independent of the side of surgery. This enabled testing with two‐way ANOVA for repeated measurements (side, time).ResultsThe perioperative shift of COVx′ was dependent on the side of surgery (P = .007). Ventilation shifted away from the side of surgery after the right‐sided surgery (COVx′‐1.97 pixel matrix points, P < .001), but not after the left‐sided surgery (COVx′‐0.61, P = .425). The forced vital capacity (%predicted) decreased from 94 (83‐109)% (median [quartiles]; [left‐sided]) and 89 (80‐97)% (right‐sided surgery) to 61 (59‐66)% and 62 (40‐72)% (P < .05), respectively. The perioperative changes in forced vital capacity (%predicted) were weakly associated with the shift of COVx′.ConclusionOnly after right‐sided lung surgery, EIT showed reduced ventilation on the side of surgery while vital capacity was markedly reduced in both groups.
Mortality prediction models in the adult critically ill: A scoping review
Authors: Keuning Britt E. , Kaufmann Thomas , Wiersema Renske , Granholm Anders , Pettilä Ville , Møller Morten Hylander , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Castela Forte José , Snieder Harold , Keus Frederik , Pleijhuis Rick G. , van der Horst Iwan C. C. ,   HEALICS consortium
Published: December 2019

BackgroundMortality prediction models are applied in the intensive care unit (ICU) to stratify patients into different risk categories and to facilitate benchmarking. To ensure that the correct prediction models are applied for these purposes, the best performing models must be identified. As a first step, we aimed to establish a systematic review of mortality prediction models in critically ill patients.MethodsMortality prediction models were searched in four databases using the following criteria: developed for use in adult ICU patients in high‐income countries, with mortality as primary or secondary outcome. Characteristics and performance measures of the models were summarized. Performance was presented in terms of discrimination, calibration and overall performance measures presented in the original publication.ResultsIn total, 43 mortality prediction models were included in the final analysis. In all, 15 models were only internally validated (35%), 13 externally (30%) and 10 (23%) were both internally and externally validated by the original researchers. Discrimination was assessed in 42 models (98%). Commonly used calibration measures were the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test (60%) and the calibration plot (28%). Calibration was not assessed in 11 models (26%). Overall performance was assessed in the Brier score (19%) and the Nagelkerke's R2 (4.7%).ConclusionsMortality prediction models have varying methodology, and validation and performance of individual models differ. External validation by the original researchers is often lacking and head‐to‐head comparisons are urgently needed to identify the best performing mortality prediction models for guiding clinical care and research in different settings and populations.
The discrimination of quick Paediatric Early Warning Scores in the pre‐hospital setting
Authors: Corfield A. R. , Clerihew L. , Stewart E. , Staines H. , Tough D. , Rooney K. D. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn our previous study, a Paediatric Early Warning Score could be calculated for only one‐fifth of 102,993 children transported by ambulance to hospital, as components other than supplemental oxygen were not reliably measured: respiratory rate 90,358 (88%); Glasgow Coma Score 83,648 (81%); heart rate 83,330 (81%); time to capillary reperfusion 81,685 (79%); oxygen saturation 71,372 (69%); temperature 60,402 (59%); systolic blood pressure 37,088 (36%). We tested 12 abbreviated scores with 3–5 components. The discrimination of these 12 scores for the primary outcome (30‐day mortality or admission to paediatric intensive care), as measured by the area under the receiving operator characteristic curve, ranged from 0.69 to 0.80. Scores could be calculated for at most 74,508 (72%) children when heart rate, conscious level and respiratory rate were measured, with or without supplemental oxygen: the discrimination of these two versions was 0.75 and 0.77, respectively. Optimal threshold scores of 3 and 2 for these two abbreviated versions discriminated an outcome rate of 2–3% in about one third of children from the other children who had < 1% rate of outcome.
Curative effect comparison of transforaminal endoscopic spine system and traditional open discectomy: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Chao , Zhou Yue , Pan Yong , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransforaminal endoscopic spine system (TESSYS) has the advantages of small trauma, rapid recovery, early out‐of‐bed activity and fewer postoperative complications in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) surgery. However, whether TESSYS would show a better curative effect than traditional open discectomy is not certain.MethodsRelated clinical trial reports were collected from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library as well as China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. After careful screening, the enrolled studies were evaluated by systematic review and meta‐analysis using Revman v5.2 and STATA v11.ResultsUsing visual analogue scale as assessment index, TESSYS has a better operation effect than open discectomy only at 1 and 12 months after operation, the pooled standard mean differences were −0.289 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.518 to 0.060, P = 0.013) and −0.18 (95% CI −0.34 to 0.03, P = 0.022). When using the Japanese Orthopaedics Association assessment index, a better operation effect of TESSYS was shown only at 3 months after operation, standard mean difference −0.394 (95% CI −0.678 to 0.110, P = 0.007). There were no obvious differences between TESSYS and open discectomy in Oswestry disability index assessment.ConclusionsTESSYS seems to display an equal operation effect with traditional open discectomy.
Randomised trial showed that rapid rehydration of severely malnourished children with dehydrating diarrhoea was as safe and effective as slow rehydration
Authors: Alam Nur H. , Ashraf Hasan , Ahmed Tahmeed , Jahan Nishat , Gyr Niklaus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of rapid and slow rehydration in children aged 6‐60 months with dehydrating diarrhoea and severe malnutrition.MethodsA randomised controlled trial was conducted from July 2011 to March 2014 at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh. We included children with weight for age and, or, weight for length Z‐scores of less than −3 or with bipedal oedema and acute diarrhoea with severe dehydration. The children received intravenous fluid at different rates: 105 rapidly over six hours and 103 slowly over the 12 hours recommended by the World Health Organization.ResultsAll the children were successfully rehydrated. The admittance weights were similar for the slow and rapid groups: 8.4 kg and 8.3 kg. After 24 hours, the mean percentage weight gain was 8.5% and 9.0%, respectively. This confirmed that most of the children had been suffering from severe dehydration on admission. The respective proportions of children who received unscheduled intravenous fluid were 18% and 17%. None developed fluid overload or heart failure and most recovered normal renal function after rehydration.ConclusionRapid rehydration saved time, was as safe as slow rehydration and was a better option for dehydrating diarrhoea and severe malnutrition.
Clinicians' use of and attitudes towards technology to provide and support interventions in child and adolescent mental health services
Authors: Cliffe Bethany , Croker Abigail , Denne Megan , Stallard Paul 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundTechnology can increase child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) capacity by supporting and delivering interventions, yet it has not been widely adopted by CAMHS child mental health professionals. Uptake can either be facilitated or obstructed by child mental health professionals' attitudes, which remain largely unknown.MethodOne hundred fifty‐four CAMHS child mental health professionals completed a questionnaire about their use of, and attitudes towards, using technology with children and adolescents.ResultsChild mental health professionals perceived themselves as generally competent at using technology, especially younger child mental health professionals, and perceived it to be helpful in their clinical work. A number of benefits of its use were identified such as accessibility, convenience and appeal, and it was primarily perceived as a preventative/psychoeducational tool rather than a replacement for face‐to‐face therapy. Older technologies (helplines and websites) were most frequently used, whereas newer technologies (computer games) were rarely used. Child mental health professionals were unsure what resources were available and whether technology is safe, private or reliable.ConclusionsDespite positive attitudes towards technology, newer technologies were rarely used by child mental health professionals. An overall lack of knowledge about resources along with concerns about safety and reliability may account for the slow uptake of technology within CAMHS. These issues need addressing to maximise implementation, perhaps through training or workshops.