bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of ovarian morphology and reproductive hormones in Zhedong white geese (Anser cygnoides domesticus) during the reproductive cycle
Authors: Wang Zhixiu , Wang Laidi , Zhang Yang , Yao Ying , Zhao Wenming , Xu Qi , Chen Guohong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZhedong white goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus) is a native Chinese breed with strong broodiness and low egg production, which is related to the physiology of reproduction. However, thus far, the physiology of goose reproduction has not been well elucidated. In the present study, the ovarian morphology and reproductive hormones of Zhedong white geese were investigated during the reproductive cycle (the laying and brooding periods). The results showed that the surface of the ovary was atrophied and follicular atresia appeared to some extent in the brooding period compared with the laying period. The concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone, progesterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly higher than those in the brooding period (p < 0.05). In contrast, the concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the laying period were significantly lower than those in the brooding period (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression levels of PRL, AMH, dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DβH) and cytochrome P450 side‐chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) were detected in the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries by using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that AMH mRNA was expressed specifically in ovary tissue. The expression levels of DβH and PRL in the brooding period was significantly higher than those in the laying period in the three tissues, especially in the early and middle stages of the brooding period. Moreover, AMH mRNA expression in the ovaries presented the same trend. In addition, P450scc mRNA was highly expressed in both the ovary and pituitary in the laying period. These results revealed the remarkable features of ovarian morphology and characterized the hormonal pattern and expression profile during the reproductive cycle, all of which contribute to understanding the differences in reproductive physiology between the laying and brooding periods in Zhedong white geese.
Mortality in relation to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status among HIV‐HBV co‐infected patients in sub‐Saharan Africa after immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Mohareb Amir M. , Kouamé Gérard Menan , Gabassi Audrey , Gabillard Delphine , Moh Raoul , Badje Anani , Emième Arlette , Maylin Sarah , Ménan Hervé , Hyle Emily P. , Delaugerre Constance , Danel Christine , Anglaret Xavier , Lacombe Karine , Eholié Serge P. , Boyd Anders 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is unknown how past and active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affect immunorecovery and mortality in people with HIV who initiate tenofovir‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using data collected between 2008 and 2015, we studied people with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa initiating immediate ART in the Temprano randomized control trial. We classified participants into HBV groups at ART initiation: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive with HBV DNA ≥ 2,000 IU/ml; HBsAg‐positive with HBV DNA < 2,000 IU/ml; isolated HBcAb‐positive; resolved infection (HBsAb‐positive/HBcAb‐positive); and HBV non‐immune/vaccinated (HBcAb‐negative). We compared square‐root CD4‐cell count increases using mixed‐effect, non‐linear regression adjusted for age, sex, baseline CD4 cell count, and HIV RNA. We compared all‐cause mortality using Bayesian parametric survival regression. Among 879 participants, 24 (2.7%) had HBsAg with high HBV DNA, 76 (8.6%) HBsAg with low HBV DNA, 325 (37.0%) isolated anti‐HBcAb, 226 (25.7%) resolved HBV infection and 228 (25.9%) HBV non‐immune/vaccinated. We found no significant difference in CD4 cell increases between HBV‐infection groups after adjustment (p = 0.16). Participants with HBsAg and high HBV DNA had the highest incidence of all‐cause mortality (1.9/100 person‐years, 95% Credibile Interval [CrI] = 1.0–3.4). By comparison, incidence rates of mortality were reduced by 57% (95%CrI = −79%, −13%), 60% (95%CrI = −82%, −12%) and 66% (95%CrI = −84%, −23%) in those who had isolated anti‐HBcAb‐positive, resolved HBV infection and HBV non‐immune/vaccinated, respectively. In conclusion, individuals with HIV and past HBV infection or isolated anti‐HBcAb‐positive serology, much like HBV non‐immune/vaccinated, experience lower mortality than those with HBsAg and high HBV DNA. Additional HBV‐related management would not be necessary for these individuals.
Cell senescence in neuropathology: A focus on neurodegeneration and tumours
Authors: Carreno Gabriela , Guiho Romain , Martinez‐Barbera Juan Pedro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe study of cell senescence is a burgeoning field. Senescent cells can modify the cellular microenvironment through the secretion of a plethora of biologically active products referred to as the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The consequences of these paracrine signals can be either beneficial for tissue homeostasis, if senescent cells are properly cleared and SASP activation is transient, or result in organ dysfunction, when senescent cells accumulate within the tissues and SASP activation is persistent. Several studies have provided evidence for the role of senescence and SASP in promoting age‐related diseases or driving organismal ageing. The hype about senescence has been further amplified by the fact that a group of drugs, named senolytics, have been used to successfully ameliorate the burden of age‐related diseases and increase health and life span in mice. Ablation of senescent cells in the brain prevents disease progression and improves cognition in murine models of neurodegenerative conditions. The role of senescence in cancer has been more thoroughly investigated, and it is now accepted that senescence is a double‐edged sword that can paradoxically prevent or promote tumourigenesis in a context‐dependent manner. In addition, senescence induction followed by senolytic treatment is starting to emerge as a novel therapeutic avenue that could improve current anti‐cancer therapies and reduce tumour recurrence. In this review, we discuss recent findings supporting the role of cell senescence in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and in brain tumours. A better understanding of senescence is likely to result in the development of novel and efficacious anti‐senescence therapies against these brain pathologies.
How Norms Matter in Mediation: An Introduction
Authors: Hellmüller Sara , Pring Jamie , P. Richmond Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInternational mediators are often tasked to promote liberal norms. However, dilemmas created in diffusing these norms, influenced by the mediators’ interaction with the conflict parties and a decline of the liberal international order, have fueled debates about how norms are diffused through mediation, whether mediators should and can promote norms, and what norms they promote. The IR literature provides rich theoretical frameworks on norms, which could help navigate these questions. Yet, mediation scholars have not systematically integrated ideational aspects in their analyses. This Special Issue fills this gap by providing the first comprehensive analysis of how norms matter in mediation. It thereby not only shares novel analytical insights on norms in mediation, but also enriches the conceptualizations of three central notions in the norms literature: the norm diffusion process, the agency of actors, and the nature of the diffused norms.
A retrospective matched cohort single‐center study evaluating outcomes of COVID‐19 and the impact of immunomodulation on COVID‐19‐related cytokine release syndrome in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Ringer Matthew , Azmy Veronica , Kaman Kelsey , Tang Daiwei , Cheung Harry , Azar Marwan M. , Price Christina , Malinis Maricar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis retrospective matched cohort study describes 30 solid organ transplant (SOT) patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) matched 1:2 to 60 non‐SOT patients (control group) based on age, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities (hypertension and diabetes mellitus with hemoglobin A1c > 8.0%). The SOT group had a higher proportion of cardiovascular disease (P < .05). During the index hospitalization, there were no significant differences with regard to disease severity or critical care needs (mechanical intubation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy). At 28 days, 4 (13%) patients died in the SOT group and 8 (13%) patients died in the control group (P = 1.0). Nineteen patients received tocilizumab in the SOT group compared to 29 patients in the control group. Among these patients, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL2R) levels increased after tocilizumab and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels decreased after tocilizumab. Overall, SOT patients had comparable mortality to non‐SOT patients, although numerically more SOT patients received tocilizumab (63% vs 48%) and steroids (37% vs 20%). Larger, multi‐center studies are needed to ascertain these findings. Lastly, the complex cytokine release syndrome in COVID‐19 remains an area of intense research and the analysis of key interleukin levels (IL‐6, IL‐10, and sIL2R) in this study contributes to the understanding of this process.
Cellular benefits of single‐use negative pressure wound therapy demonstrated in a novel ex vivo human skin wound model
Authors: Wilkinson Holly N. , Longhorne Francesca L. , Roberts Elizabeth R. , Brownhill Varuni R. , Hardman Matthew J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy is a widely used treatment for chronic, nonhealing wounds. Surprisingly, few studies have systematically evaluated the cellular and molecular effects of negative pressure treatment on human skin. In addition, no study to date has directly compared recently available single‐use negative pressure modalities to traditional negative pressure devices in a controlled setting. Here we developed a novel large‐scale ex vivo human skin culture system to effectively evaluate the efficacy of two different negative pressure wound therapy modalities. Single‐use and traditional negative pressure devices were applied to human ex vivo wounded skin sheets cultured over a period of 48 hours. Cellular tissue response to therapy was evaluated via a combination of histological analysis and transcriptional profiling, in samples collected from the wound edge, skin adjacent to the wound, and an extended skin region. Single‐use negative pressure wound therapy caused less damage to wound edge tissue than traditional application, demonstrated by improved skin barrier, reduced dermal‐epidermal junction disruption and a dampened damage response. Transcriptional profiling confirmed significantly less activation of multiple pro‐inflammatory markers in wound edge skin treated with single‐use vs traditional negative pressure therapy. These findings may help to explain the greater efficacy of sNPWT in the clinic, while offering a noninvasive system to develop improved NPWT‐based therapies.
Pharmacy participation in dental and oral health care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McMillan Sara S. , Hu Jie , El-Den Sarira , O’Reilly Claire L. , Wheeler Amanda J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of the review is to identify and describe the characteristics and associated outcomes of dental and oral health advice and support provided by members of the pharmacy profession. Research exploring the role, attitudes, and knowledge of pharmacists, pharmacy students, and support staff relating to dental and oral health care, as well as stakeholder perceptions, will also be examined.

Introduction:
With the increasing prevalence of dental and oral health disorders and resource constraints within health care systems, other avenues for oral health promotion and care provision are warranted. Pharmacists, as primary care professionals working across various practice settings, could play a significant role in promoting good oral health. Yet, there is limited insight about the role, attitudes, and knowledge of members of the pharmacy profession towards dental and oral health care, as well as what stakeholders, such as consumers and other health care professionals, think about their role in this context.

Inclusion criteria:
Any full-text publication that describes outcomes related to pharmacist, pharmacy assistant, or student involvement, knowledge, or attitudes towards dental or oral health care in any setting, and stakeholder perspectives of this role, will be included. Reviews, protocols, and commentaries will be excluded, as will studies specifically focused on smoking cessation or that do not describe the related health promotion activity.

Methods:
Articles published in English will be sought from health and educational databases with no date restrictions, with additional references identified via snowballing using citations and reference lists. Data searching and screening processes will follow JBI methodology, involving two independent reviewers, and data extraction presented in a narrative form.
Facilitators and barriers to physical activity participation experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Macniven Rona , Canuto Karla J. , Evans John R. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To synthesize the existing research about physical activity and sport facilitators and barriers experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults in Australia.

Introduction:
Physical activity and sport have cultural importance for First Nations peoples. Achieving health and broader benefits from physical activity and sport is impacted by experiences of both facilitators and barriers to participation. Identifying how to facilitate participation and overcome barriers to physical activity and sport is important to develop strategies to increase physical activity levels and sport participation among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. Several studies have examined physical activity and sport facilitators and barriers experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, and collective synthesis of these studies can provide a more comprehensive understanding of their findings.

Inclusion criteria:
This mixed methods systematic review will consider studies that include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples aged 18 years and over from any setting or region of Australia. Studies will be considered if they report on facilitators and barriers to physical activity and/or sport participation.

Methods:
Eleven databases will be searched, as well as gray literature sources, and a selection of websites containing resources relevant to physical activity participation for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults. Studies published in English will be included. No date limits will be set. After screening the titles and abstracts of identified citations, potentially relevant studies will be retrieved in full. Study selection, critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis will be undertaken according to the convergent integrated approach to mixed methods reviews.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020162134
Working in the Sport Industry: A Classification of Human Capital Archetypes
Authors: Weight Erianne A. , Taylor Elizabeth , Huml Matt R. , Dixon Marlene A. 
Published: December 2020

As thousands of professionals are drawn to work in the sport industry known for celebrity, action, and excitement, a growing body of literature on the industry’s culture describes a field fraught with burnout, stress, and difficulty balancing work–family responsibilities. Given this contradiction, there is a need to better understand employee experiences. Thus, the authors utilized a human capital framework to develop employee archetypes. Results from a latent cluster analysis of National Collegiate Athletic Association athletics department employees (N = 4,324) revealed five distinct employee archetypes utilizing inputs related to human capital development and work experiences (e.g., work–family interface, work engagement, age). Consistent with creative nonfiction methodology, results are presented as composite narratives. Archetypes follow a career arc from early-career support staff to late-career senior leaders and portray an industry culture wherein the human capital is largely overworked, underpaid, and replete with personal sacrifice and regret.
Clocks, cancer, and chronochemotherapy
Authors: Sancar Aziz , Van Gelder Russell N. 
Published: December 2020

Doubts in cancer-rhythms connections
Circadian clocks help to coordinate physiological processes with the daily cycles of light and dark and periods of feeding, activity, and rest. Being out of sync with such 24-hour cycles can have unhealthy effects. Sancar and Van Gelder review the available evidence regarding circadian disruption and predisposition to cancer and circadian variations in response to cancer chemotherapy. The literature can be difficult to interpret. For example, complete knockouts of clock genes are not the same as shift work. Overall, they find that the jury is still out on whether circadian disruption can promote cancer in general and if the timing of cancer treatment can be optimized. However, enough indications are present that further research is recommended.

Science
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Peripheral artery disease at the time of dialysis initiation and mortality: a prospective observational multicenter study
Authors: Morooka Hikaru , Tanaka Akihito , Inaguma Daijo , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesPatients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are reported to have a poorer prognosis than those without PAD. PAD is sometimes found at dialysis initiation, but its influence on the prognosis in these patients has not been investigated. We aimed to compare the mortality rate between patients with PAD at the time of dialysis initiation and those without PAD.DesignWe undertook an observational prospective multicenter study of patients starting dialysis treatment. Data were collected on patients’ sex, age, presence of PAD, medication, medical history and clinical and laboratory data.SettingSeventeen centers participated in the Aichi Cohort Study of Prognosis in Patients Newly Initiated into Dialysis.ParticipantsA total of 1524 patients with chronic kidney disease started dialysis from October 2011 to September 2013. The patients were followed-up until March 2015. During this time, there were two patients who lost the follow-up.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was defined as all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were defined as each cause of mortality.ResultsThis study included 1030 men and 492 women with a mean age of 67.50±13.10 years. Of these, 71 had PAD and 1451 did not have PAD. After a median follow-up of 814.5 days, 33.80% of the former group and 17.00% of the latter group had died in March 2015 (p=0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, PAD at dialysis initiation remained an independent risk factor for mortality (p<0.01).ConclusionsPatients with PAD at the time of dialysis initiation had a poorer prognosis than patients without PAD. Therefore, the presence of PAD in patients starting dialysis should be considered for their monitoring and follow-up.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression among higher secondary school adolescents of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bhattarai Deepa , Shrestha Nisha , Paudel Shishir 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adolescents attending higher secondary schools in the Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal.DesignA cross-sectional study design was adopted.SettingFour randomly selected higher secondary schools of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.Participants312 randomly sampled higher secondary school students.MethodsThe Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess the level of depression among students. The data collected through a self-administered questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage. χ2test and unadjusted OR (UOR) were calculated to assess the statistical relationship between depression and various variables at 95% CI, with level of significance at p<0.05.ResultsThe study found a high prevalence of depression among high school students, with more than two-fifths (44.2%) of students having depression. Furthermore, almost a quarter (25.3%) of the students were noted to have mild depression and 18.9% of the students expressed major depression. Students who had low perceived social support (UOR: 3.604; 95% CI 2.088 to 6.220), did not share their problems with anyone (UOR: 1.931; 95% CI 1.228 to 3.038) and had low self-esteem (UOR: 5.282; 95% CI 2.994 to 9.319) were at higher odds of being depressed.ConclusionA high prevalence of depression was observed among high school students. It was also observed that students’ level of perceived social support, self-esteem and help-seeking behaviour are somehow related to their mental well-being. Hence, improving social support and self-esteem may alleviate depression and mental distress among these adolescents.
Digital Mapping of Medieval Cemeteries
Authors: Eichert Stefan 
Published: December 2020

It has become almost standard practice that archaeological research on cemeteries is published in a similar fashion, specifically when primary sources supplement the data presented. Aside from the interpretative part, a catalog of all graves, buried individuals, and finds is published along with a map of the site and graphical depictions of the various entities. This is mostly structured within a four-level hierarchy beginning with the cemetery, the contained graves, the burials from each grave, and the finds associated with the burial. Today, even though many publications and their catalogs are based on or derived from digital data and published as open access, the outcome is often printed text such as a pdf file. Digital data that is properly structured and can be used out of the box for further analyses is rarely available.
The presented article discusses how to digitize data on burials and how to provide them to the public in sustainable and comprehensible ways.
Within previous and ongoing projects, the author and his team have developed a database system (OpenAtlas) that is used for the data acquisition of archaeological and anthropological research data that also maps information directly to the CIDOC CRM. Temporal and spatial fuzziness are dealt with following various concepts such as GeoJSON-T. For providing the data as Linked Open Data, the “linked places” format is used and an API provides a JSON-LD representation of each entity.
Due to the “standard” approach implemented when publishing cemeteries, the data acquisition is mostly achieved by manually recording the published information in the database.
In the following projects, data from several hundred Early Medieval Austrian and Czech burial sites with several thousand graves and finds have been digitized. To publicize the information, an online web application (https://thanados.net) has been developed to present and disseminate this data.