bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sand burial on the subcritical water repellency of a dominant moss crust in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert, Northern China
Authors: Jia Rongliang , Gao Yanhong , Liu Lichao , Yang Haotian , Zhao Yang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sand burial is a ubiquitous disturbance that influences the ecological and hydrological properties of moss crusts in many sandy desert areas. There is little available information regarding the effect of sand burial on the water repellency (WR) of moss crusts in desert areas. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of sand burial (sand depths of 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 10 mm) followed by three simulated precipitation regimes (through applying 4 and 6 mm, 2 and 3 mm, and 1 and 1.5 mm of distilled water at 8-day intervals in spring and autumn, respectively) on the WR of a widespread moss crust dominated by Bryum argenteum Hedw. in a revegetated area of the Tengger Desert, China. The results showed moss crust WR remained subcritical during the whole experiment, and that it considerably decreased immediately after sand burial, even though the values of WR were significantly higher in autumn than those in spring under the same treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the depth threshold (TD) values for sand burials that reduced WR to zero were 1 and 2 mm in spring and autumn, respectively. After a recovery period of nearly one-season (72 days), the WR of the moss crust significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, sand burial had two separate effects on moss crust WR. Specifically, shallower sand burial (burial depth less than 0.5 mm) increased moss crust WR, whereas deeper sand burial (burial depth exceeds 0.5 mm) decreased it. The TD values also significantly increased to 2 and 4 mm in spring and autumn, respectively. These findings about the effects of sand burial on moss crust WR provide additional information that can be used to better understand the influence of sand burial on moss crust colonization and maintenance in arid sand-burial-stressed ecosystems, and to help explain why there are some contrasting viewpoints on biocrust WR.
Integrated assessment of climate and human contributions to variations in streamflow in the Ten Great Gullies Basin of the Upper Yellow River, China
Authors: Liu Tong , Huang He Qing , Shao Ming an , Cheng Jiong , Li Xiang Dong , Lu Jian Hua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Climate change and human activity are two linked factors that alter the spatiotemporal distribution of the available water. Assessing the relative contribution of the two factors on runoff changes can help the planners and managers to better formulate strategies and policies regarding regional water resources. In this work, using two typical sub-basins of the Yellow River as the study area, we first detected the trend and the breakpoint in the annual streamflow data with the Pettitt test during the period 1964–2011. Next, a Budyko-based climate elasticity model and a monthly hydrological model were employed as an integrated method to distinguish the relative contributions of climate change and human activities to the long-term changes in runoff. The results showed that a significant decline in the annual runoff occurred in the two sub-basins during the study period, and the abrupt change point in the annual runoff at the two sub-basins both occurred in 1997. The conceptual hydrological model performed well in reproducing monthly runoff time series at the two sub-basins. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) between observed and simulated runoff during the validation period exceeds 0.83 for the two sub-basins. Climate elasticity method and hydrological model give consistent attribution results: human activities are the major drivers responsible for the decreased annual runoff in the Ten Great Gullies Basin. The relative contributions of climate change and human activities to the changes in the annual runoff were 22–32% and 68–78%, respectively.
Construction Waste Reduction Awareness: Action Research
Authors: Omeje Hyginus Osita , Okereke Godwin Keres , Chukwu Daniel Uchenna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The study focused on construction waste reduction awareness as a step within Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The method of collaborative action research was used with a questionnaire as an instrument. Data collected from 61 participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, and t-test) and multiple regressions. Results revealed that there were graduates of different degree levels and non-graduates working at the construction sites, where 4.9 % and 27.9 % had PhD and Master degrees, respectively. Improper material storage was agreed to be the main cause of construction waste, while the most effective reduction measure was applying source reduction through the calculated procurement. Multiple regressions revealed that awareness was significantly positively predicted by gender, qualification and status. However, both cause and reduction of construction waste were noted to be human related, thereby necessitating a campaign against construction waste at various sites, with the aim of raising motivated and inspired change agents.
Sustainable Development from the Viewpoint of Iranian English Teachers: Practicing what they do not Preach
Authors: Ganji Mansoor , Arshadi Elnaz Kargar , Mahbubzadeh Sogand 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Considering the importance of sustainable development (SD) in developing countries and lack of research on this topic among Iranian English teachers, this study aims at investigating the Iranian English teachers’ awareness and understanding of this concept and the effects of demographic features on their understanding. To this end, a researcher-made 48-item validated Questionnaire that consisted of eight scales was administered among 233 English teachers teaching at high schools, private language institutes, and universities. The data were analyzed through content analysis of the open-ended question and quantitative analysis of the Likert-scale items. One-way ANOVA was used to find out about the effects of gender, workplace, teaching experience, and academic degree on teachers’ understanding and awareness. The results revealed that although some teachers could not define the term, or provided a general or wrong definition of the term, more than half of the teachers rightly emphasized the economic aspect, protecting natural resources, and caring for present and future lives of people. It was also found that Iranian English teachers highly supported equity, appreciated and protected the nature, enjoyed diversity, asked for education for sustainable development, and led a frugal life. Finally, it was revealed that none of the demographic features influenced teachers’ awareness of SD, except for academic degree and workplace factor that affected three out of eight scales measuring SD. The study ends with several implications for materials developers, English teachers, and syllabus designers.
Corrosion-fatigue failure of tractor trailers metal materials in aggressive environments
Authors: Popovych P. , Poberezhny L. , Shevchuk O. , Murovanyi I. , Poberezhna L. , Hrytsanchuk A. , Koval Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The processes of corrosion-fatigue failure of materials in contact with mineral fertilizers are insufficiently studied. As a result of joint influence of atmospheric corrosion and mechanical loads, about 70 to 80 % of machine parts get out of order, 20 to 25 % of which are failures caused by operating overload due to the strength loss because of atmospheric corrosion. A large part of metal structures of agricultural vehicles used to transport mineral fertilizers is under the direct influence of aggressive environments and dynamic loads that occur during the motion by field roads. Saturated solutions of the most aggressive working environments used in agricultural production, in particular ammonium sulphate and nitrophosphate are investigated to reduce fatigue resistance of ordinary steels groups – St3 and St5 and quality steels – 10 Steel, 15 Steel, 20 Steel, 25 Steel when loaded at all levels. The fatigue endurance limit decreases in comparison with air up to 2.02 times in a solution of ammonium sulphate, and to 2.32 times in a solution of nitrophosphate. In organic fertilizer environments, compared to distilled water, the conditional fatigue endurance limit increased to 9 %. The properties of the given materials as an inhibitor of corrosion-fatigue failure were discovered and proved.
Orthographic neighbourhood in Czech language and its use in research of reading impairment
Authors: Ptáčková Monika , Vitásková Kateřina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Reading is a complex function that affects our daily living. It requires the cooperation of many structures and functions and is influenced by many different factors. One of the factors influencing the word reading process may be the characteristics of the word, such as its frequency of use in the language, its length, orthographic neighbourhood, and others. These characteristics can affect the speed and accuracy of reading in readers with and without learning disability. The following paper presents some aspects of our current research focused on the influence of the properties of the word on their reading in the Czech language environment. The concept of orthographic neighbourhood will be explained in more detail including some specifics in its calculation and use in the Czech language.
The use of numerical methods in the design of a formula that returns the surface of the leaves ofPhragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.
Authors: Krzyżanowska Katarzyna , Krzyżanowski Paweł 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the results of calculations and a verification of numerical models developed for estimating the surface of leaves of the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud.). The research sample consisted of 137 leaves collected from the rush zone of Lake Raduńskie Górne in 2018. The total area of leaves obtained for testing was 1932.3 cm2. To derive a formula that returns the surface of common reed foliage regression models were used – MLR (Multiple Linear Regression) and SLR (Stepwise Linear Regression). It has been shown that the measurement of basic leaf dimensions (i.e. length – L, mid-width – WM and maximum width – WX) makes it possible to define an empirical formula which, with an average accuracy of 99.9%, allows the real surface of leaves to be estimated. The modelling results were compared with formulas currently used in practice, and the measurement errors were determined using these formulas. It has been shown that the formulas used to date are subject to RMSE to the value of 1.19-2.52. The application of the developed formula (A = 0.4486 – 0.046 L + 7.9267 WM – 5.8121 WX + 0.5853 L • WX) will significantly reduce errors in leaf surface estimation (RMSE = 0.86) and thus the amount of reed transpiration and evapotranspiration, especially in the case of handling small samples (number of leaves and measurements).
Rapid monitoring of cyanobacteria in lakes – a case study in the Wel River catchment, Poland
Authors: Pasztaleniec Agnieszka , Hutorowicz Andrzej , Napiórkowska-Krzebietke Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to ascertain the effect of cyanobacterial abundance and its taxonomic structure on the results of measurements made by a fluorometric device designed to detect in situ chlorophyll a and phycocyanin. A multiparameter water quality probe was tested at 10 lakes located in the Wel River catchment. We found a strong correlation between the chlorophyll a concentration determined by laboratory procedure (CHL-a) and that obtained as a result of the probe measurements (YSI CHL-a) (R=0.78) as well as between the YSI CHL-a and the total phytoplankton biomass (R=0.73), whereas YSI CHL-a was not a good predictor of cyanobacterial biomass (R=0.24). The phycocyanin recorded by the probe was proportional to the total biomass of cyanobacteria (R=0.86); however, this cyanobacterial taxonomic structure influenced the fluorometric signal. Nevertheless, our study showed significant differentiation of phycocyanin measurement distribution at different levels of cyanobacterial abundance (<2 mg L−1, between 2 and 10 mg L−1, and >10 mg L−1), which indicates that the PC-YSI measurements are valuable in the detection of increased risk of exceeding health alert thresholds recommended by the WHO.
Severe Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia divergens Concomitant Infection in Imported Captive Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Authors: Romanos Lola , Maillard Renaud Pierre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Tick-borne diseases are highly prevalent in domestic and wild ruminants and they may be distributed in wide geographical ranges by animal transportation. The aim of the current study was to investigate the presence of European strains of Babesia spp. and/or Anaplasma spp. in oversea imported reindeer specimens. Imported specimens (n=7) were hospitalized with visible tick infestation (Ixodes ricinus) and signs of cachexia, anemia, and hemoglobinuria. Using blood smears, PCR, and BLAST comparisons, it was confirmed that the animals were infected with a French strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia divergens which is considered to be absent in the USA. We conclude that oversea importation of reindeers must be followed with a routine check for geographically-specific strains of pathogens from the place of origin. This monitoring process must be dynamic and according to recent reports of tick-borne pathogens.
Wear Resistance Improvement of Equipment for Production of Building Ceramics by Hardfacing with Flux-Coerd Electrodes based on Fe-Ti-B-C System
Authors: Prysyazhnyuk Pavlo , Ivanov Oleksandr , Lutsak Dmytro , Lutsak Lyubomyr 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work were analyzed factors that leads to wearing of equipment of production engineering, construction, oil and gas, woodworking, tillage industries. Was established that traditional hardfacing materials based on the Fe-Cr-C system are not effective for improvement of abrasion resistance of elements of equipment for production of ceramic building materials due to working conditions. The aim of this work was to increase a durability of that equipment by using of flux cored electrodes with reaction components that provide “in-situ” synthesis, which leads to fine-grained structure of refractory borides and carbides and their solid solutions with increased hardness. Powders of Ti, Mo, B4C and their combinations were used. Structure of the hardfacing coatings were investigated by method of metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using of pure metal powders led to forming a fine-grained structure with refractory borides and carbides and their solid solutions. It was investigated that the offered material based on Fe-Ti-Mo-C-B system used for increasing the wear resistance of extruder-screw for production of ceramic building material can increase the TBO period in 2.2-2.4 times in comparison with serial hardfacing materials based on Fe-Cr-C system.
3D Object Digitization Devices in Manufacturing Engineering Applications and Services
Authors: Palka Dorota , Sobota Marcin , Buchwald Paweł 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The rapid development of CAD 3D systems has led to the development of solutions enabling the physical achievement of the designed object, already at the design stage. Such a solution is the rapid prototyping method, intended for fast, precise and repeatable production thanks to additive technology. The first basic step of this method is a 3D scan. It is a technique that analyzes a real object in order to collect data about its basic (geometric) and additional (e.g. color) features. The collected data is used to generate three-dimensional, virtual models. Scanning can be performed in various ways using different devices. The aim of the article is to review the available technologies for digitizing 3D objects and to compare them in the context of individual application areas. It presents selected tools and software that will economically and efficiently increase the range of applications of digitization methods in the production process and offering various services on the market.
Industrial Internet of Things Systems for Tracking and Traceability of Production Business Processes
Authors: Buchwald Paweł , Anus Artur 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the use of measuring devices based on RFID tags and graphic tags to track the increase in production. The conducted research experiments were made in a real production company, which is characterized by an average degree of digitization of its business processes and significantly uses the human factor in production. The conducted research allowed us to show the usefulness of measurement methods in tracking business processes, and to analyze the method of obtaining production data to achieve the traceability of manufactured components. The study also presents selected examples of IT systems in solving traceability problems (traceability and traceability of production).
Application of Soft-Skills Competence in Practice (Practice vs. Students)
Authors: Čierna Helena , Sujová Erika , Bambura Roman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with application of soft-skills competence in practice comparing of education and employers requirements. In addition to what a graduate is to know in terms of the knowledge theoretically acquired, the labour market today defines quite clearly the specific requirements in terms of what a graduate should be able to do, provide for, organize, including the demands related to their competences. The purpose of the paper is to assess the ethical credibility of selected subjects in the field of soft skills based on the analysis and conclusions of research conducted in 2018-2019 at the Technical University in Zvolen. The method of questionnaire survey was chosen for the execution of the research. The paper presents the results of the selected area research of soft-skills, which showed the most significant differences – stress resistance. To evaluate the results was used the Mann-Whitney test of significance which is an especially appropriate test for two independent and randomly selected sets of sample observations. At the end of paper are proposed recommendations for improving teaching in accordance with the requirements of practice.
The Methodology of Tax Records for the Support of Tax Management
Authors: Shaidurova Natalia , Homokyová Mária 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Tax policy is associated with the use and application of taxes and their instruments, which serve to influence macroeconomic and microeconomic processes in the economy. We can derive the tax policy from the applied economic policy of the state. The objectives of economic policy are aimed in particular at strengthening the effectiveness of the market mechanism, reducing pension and property inequality, as well as strengthening the internal and external stability of the state. In securing them, the state must take into account many internal, as well as international aspects, focused not only on economic but also on political, social, defenses, ethical and other interests. The individual goals that the state sets by its economic policy can be effectively achieved through goal-oriented policies that form part of economic policy. The state’s social policy, unemployment policy, tax policy, etc. fulfil their role. These policies then have a retroactive effect on the economic policy of the state. The subject or goal of tax policy is the application of tax principles and measures so that taxes serve to promote the economic, social and political goals of the state.
Role of seasonality in the socio-economic development of rural areas of the southern part of the Republic of Karelia
Authors: Naumov Alexey , Akimova Varvara , Elmanova Daria , Velichko Elizaveta , Topnikov Mikhail , Volkov Maxim , Khusainova Alina , Shmyd Petr , Poturaeva Aleksandra , Nosova Elena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of seasonality on the socio-economic development of rural areas of the southern part of Karelia. This study is based on the field data obtained via semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts from the local community. The results show that the influence of seasonality is rather indirect, being a constituent of other factors: economic, infrastructural, institutional, social, etc. Although seasonality is most often perceived as a negative phenomenon regarding socio-economic development, modern types of economic activity characterized by a peak of activity in different seasons of the year mitigate the effect of seasonality and even benefit from being seasonal. Based on the materials collected, a typology of rural settlements of the southern part of Karelia based on the nature of the effect of seasonality has been developed (with a predominantly positive and predominantly negative effect).
Modified Virtual Blade Method for Propeller Modelling
Authors: Stajuda Mateusz , Obidowski Damian , Karczewski Maciej , Jóźwik Krzysztof 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The emergence of large, propeller-based aircraft has revived interest in propeller design and optimization with the use of numerical methods. The flow complexity and computational time necessary to solve complicated flow patterns trailing behind rotating blades, created a need for faster than fully resolved 3D CFD, yet comparably accurate methods for validating multiple design points in shorter time. Improved Virtual Blade Method (VBM) for 2-bladed propeller, including method implementation, analysis and validation against 3D numerical and experimental data is presented. The study introduces adjustments to the original method, accounting for differences between VBM and fully resolved numerical models. These modifications prove to increase the model accuracy for the propeller under consideration and could potentially be applied for different blade configurations as well. The modified Virtual Blade Method allows one to compute the propeller performance with comparable accuracy to 3D CFD computation using only 10% of time needed for one computational point.
To the Question of a Logarithmic Velocity Profile Correspondence with the Experimental Data
Authors: Zaryankin A. E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The methodology of obtaining a logarithmic velocity profile describing the velocity distribution in the cross section of the boundary layer, which is based on the well-known equation of L. Prandtl, based on its semi-empirical turbulence theory, is considered.
It is shown that the logarithmic velocity profile obtained in this way does not satisfy any boundary condition arising from the classical definition of such concept as the boundary layer.
The perfect coincidence of this velocity profile with the experimental data of Nikuradze demonstrated in the world scientific literature is a consequence of making these profiles not in a fixed, but in a floating coordinate system. When rebuilding the velocity profiles obtained at different Reynolds numbers, all the profiles lose their versatility and do not coincide with the actual velocity profiles in cylindrical pipes.