bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s use of everyday artifacts: Learning the hidden affordance of zipping
Authors: Rachwani Jaya , Kaplan Brianna E. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe everyday world is populated with artifacts that require specific motor actions to use objects as their designers intended. But researchers know little about how children learn to use everyday artifacts. We encouraged forty‐four 12‐ to 60‐month‐old children to unzip a vinyl pouch during a single 60‐s trial. Although unzipping a pouch may seem simple, it is not. Unzipping requires precise role‐differentiated bimanual actions—one hand must stabilize the pouch while the other hand applies a pulling force on the tab. Moreover, kinematic data from six adults showed that the tolerance limits for applying the forces are relatively narrow (pulling the tab within 63° of the zipper teeth while stabilizing the pouch within 4 cm of the slider). Children showed an age‐related progression for the unzipping action. The youngest children did not display the designed pulling action; children at intermediate ages pulled the tab but applied forces outside the tolerance limits (pulled in the wrong direction, failed to stabilize the pouch in the correct location), and the oldest children successfully implemented the designed action. Findings highlight the perceptual‐motor requirements in children's discovery and implementation of the hidden affordances of everyday artifacts.
MgSO4 composites in a ferroaluminophosphate for enhancement of volumetric heat storage capacity at a low charging temperature
Authors: Nguyen Giang T. , Hwang Ha Soo , Park In 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFerroaluminophosphate (FAPO4‐5)/MgSO4 composites were prepared as a series of new materials with low charging temperatures and improved volumetric heat storage capacities. A microporous zeolithic compound FAPO4‐5 was used as an adsorbent of water vapor and a matrix of MgSO4 salt particles. Composites with various MgSO4 contents (5‐40 wt%) were then prepared using a wet impregnation method. The MgSO4 salt particles were impregnated into the micropores and textural pores of FAPO4‐5 without the crystal structure of the host material, confirmed by XRD patterns. Although nitrogen adsorption isotherms of the composites showed approximately a half of FAPO4‐5 pore was blocked by MgSO4, the water uptake of the composites reached the sum of those from FAPO4‐5 and MgSO4. The dehydration temperature of MgSO4 in the FAPO4‐5 matrix decreased with its decreasing content due to the easier dehydration of FAPO4‐5. The heat storage recovery of the 25 wt% loaded sample at 80°C was 85.5% while that of MgSO4 was 52.2%. The swelling and agglomeration of the composites containing 25 wt% and less salt were suppressed by the micro and textural pores of FAPO4‐5. The composite at 25 wt% of MgSO4 loading exhibited a total volumetric heat storage capacity of 174 kW h m−3 based on the volume in the hydrated state.
Associations of age, body mass index and biochemical parameters with brain morphology in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Bang Lasse , Tamnes Christian Krog , Norbom Linn Bonaventure , Thomassen Rut Anne , Holm Jill Solberg , Skotte Laila Holgersen , Juliusson Petur Benedikt , Mejlænder‐Evjensvold Magnus , Rø Øyvind 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVEAccumulating evidence shows that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have globally reduced brain mass, including lower cortical volume and thickness, which largely normalizes following weight restoration. The underlying mechanisms for these processes are unknown, and how age and severity of emaciation are associated with brain morphology in AN is poorly understood. We investigated associations of age, body mass index (BMI) and biochemical parameters with brain morphology among patients in treatment.METHODWe included 85 patients (94% female) aged 12–48 (mean = 23) years with quality controlled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. T1‐weighted MRI images, clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters were retrospectively collected from hospital records. Brain morphology was measured using FreeSurfer, and associations investigated using regression models and correlations.RESULTSControlling for BMI, age showed significant associations with brain morphology generally concordant with typical brain developmental patterns. Controlling for age, BMI showed significant positive associations with cortical volume and thickness. There were no significant interaction effects between age and BMI. None of the biochemical parameters correlated significantly with brain morphology.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest the presence of typical neurodevelopmental patterns in AN. Importantly, we showed that severity of emaciation is related to brain morphology reductions, underscoring the importance of weight restoration.
Major Shifts in Outpatient Cirrhosis Care Delivery Attributable to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Mahmud Nadim , Goldberg David S. , Kaplan David E. , Serper Marina 
Published: October 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has disrupted health care delivery in the United States, with increased reliance on telemedicine visits as opposed to in‐person outpatient appointments. We used national data to evaluate shifts in modes of hepatology outpatient care for patients with cirrhosis during the pandemic. This was a retrospective cohort study among U.S. veterans with cirrhosis. We used linear regression to evaluate absolute and percentage changes from baseline in hepatology in‐person visits and telemedicine visits from January 1, 2020, to August 11, 2020. The proportion of in‐person and telemedicine visits were plotted geographically to demonstrate state‐level shifts in care delivery over time. Patient‐level characteristics in the pre‐COVID and during‐COVID periods were also compared. We identified 5,618 in‐person and 6,210 telemedicine hepatology visits among patients with cirrhosis. In‐person visits significantly declined (−16.0% per week; 95% confidence interval [CI] −20.7, −11.2; P < 0.001), while telemedicine visits significantly increased (61.3% per week; 95% CI 45.1, 77.5; P < 0.001) in the early during‐COVID period. At the U.S. state level, we found that nearly all states experienced a significant shift toward telemedicine over the course of several weeks. Patients over the age of 70 years and Black patients were less likely to receive telemedicine visits in the pre‐COVID period (each P < 0.05), although these differences were eliminated in the during‐COVID periods. Conclusion: Among patients with cirrhosis, hepatology outpatient care delivery has shifted heavily toward telemedicine due to COVID‐19. This occurred across the United States, and changes have been sustained through August 2020. Expanded telemedicine visits among older patients and Black patients may reflect dedicated efforts to increased access to care among these groups.
Paradox of sustainability in tobacco control in Thailand: A comprehensive assessment of three‐decade experiences
Authors: Suriyawongpaisal Paibul , Patanavanich Roengrudee , Aekplakorn Wichai , Martinez‐Moyano Ignacio , Thongtan Thanita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOver the past 3 decades of tobacco control, Thailand has gained international recognition as a middle‐income country with sustained achievement of declining smoking prevalence. However, the number of key Framework Convention on Tobacco Control measures implementation is still far away from the highest‐level implementation. As a result, we aim to explore explanatory factors for the paradoxical phenomenon of sustainability in tobacco control in Thailand, to understand what the paradox means, why it happens, and how to take further steps in minimizing the paradox.MethodsWe used a mixed‐method approach comprising qualitative (review of literature and documents plus Program Sustainability Assessment Tool [PSAT] guided key informant interviews) and semi‐quantitative methods (PSAT scoring, Theory of Change [TOC], and causal‐loop diagram [CLD]) to synthesize all the findings from the qualitative data.ResultsAcross all eight domains, sustainability scores at the local level are lower than the national level. The highest total score was in three domains: political support, partnership, and organizational capacity. The lowest total score was for the strategic planning domain. We propose a set of key strategic elements and drivers for future strategic planning.DiscussionUsing CLD, we capture a high‐level view of tobacco control with dynamic interactions between contexts, mechanisms, interventions, and outcomes. We believe the deep understanding of tobacco control and the proposed strategy to counteract transnational tobacco companies in Thailand will guide future sustainable actions to reduce the prevalence of smoking, especially in the strategic planning domain that has the lowest PSAT score.
Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Activity of α‐Fe2O3−CdFe2O4 Hybrid Structure for the Water Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Volokh Michael , Diab Mahmud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical properties of spinel ferrites have been studied since the 1970s after the pioneering discovery of water electrolysis by using TiO2 as the photoanode in a photoelectrochemical cell. Several approaches have been developed to fabricate ferrites of different sizes and shapes but most of these methods suffer from several disadvantages, such as the difficulty to produce the ferrite in a thin layer form or on top of another (pre‐prepared) structure as a second layer. Moreover, the formation process requires calcination at high temperatures, and the electrode fabrication requires an additional assembly method. Herein, a CdFe2O4 ferrite was formed via chemical vapor deposition of a single‐source precursor directly on a hematite structure followed by an annealing process. This thermal treatment simultaneously achieves both activation of the hematite and the formation of CdFe2O4. Three different iron oxide (rectangular, nanobelt, and mesoporous) structures were examined as photoanode electrodes. The maximum current at 1.65 V vs. RHE of the mesoporous film was more than two times higher than the rectangular and the nanobelt films. Therefore, iron oxide with mesoporous structures was used to form the hybrid structure of α‐Fe2O3−CdFe2O4. The hybrid structure presents stable and high photocurrent density (about 20 % enhancement in the measured maximum current density at 1.65 V vs. RHE).
The nonlinearity of exchange rate pass‐through on currency invoice: A quantile, generalized method of moments and threshold effect‐test from sub‐Sahara African economies
Authors: Abdulqadir Idris Abdullahi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article explores the existence of the asymmetric effect of exchange rate pass‐through on exporter's currency‐invoice in 44 resources abundant sub‐Saharan African countries over the period 2008–2017. The investigation is carried‐out using asymmetric threshold regression developed by Hansen (1999, 2000) through 1,000 bootstrapping replications and the grid search. Our empirical results based on 44 SSA countries reveal a significant single threshold of 2.60%. We consider the effects of real income, openness, and the terms of trade on the real exchange rate measures, which exhibited a significant effect on the exporter's currency‐invoicing when exceeds beyond the threshold's values. Furthermore, we also consider the distribution of the effect of the regressors on currency‐invoice and found significant quantile coefficients appeared differently from the OLS coefficients. The quantile estimates for the exchange rate pass‐through reveal an asymmetry and gradual decay on the real exchange rate coefficients from 10th quantile. Hence, the pass‐through on the exporter's currency‐invoice is incomplete. Besides, the dynamic panel two‐step difference GMM estimators revealed statistically significant short‐run and long‐run impacts of ERPT on exporter's currency‐invoice in 44 SSA countries. In policy terms, the central banks in SSA countries should monitor the developments in the foreign exchange market to design appropriate policies to resist external sector shock from international trade.
Characterization of dermal sensitization potential for industrial or agricultural chemicals with EpiSensA
Authors: Mizumachi Hideyuki , LeBaron Matthew J. , Settivari Raja S. , Miyazawa Masaaki , Marty Mary Sue , Sakaguchi Hitoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe regulatory community is transitioning to the use of nonanimal methods for dermal sensitization assessments; however, some in vitro assays have limitations in their domain of applicability depending on the properties of chemicals being tested. This study explored the utility of epidermal sensitization assay (EpiSensA) to evaluate the sensitization potential of complex and/or “difficult to test” chemicals. Assay performance was evaluated by testing a set of 20 test chemicals including 10 methacrylate esters, 5 silicone‐based compounds, 3 crop protection formulations, and 2 surfactant mixtures; each had prior in vivo data plus some in silico and in vitro data. Using the weight of evidence (WoE) assessments by REACH Lead Registrants, 14 of these chemicals were sensitizers and, six were nonsensitizers based on in vivo studies (local lymph node assay [LLNA] and/or guinea pig studies). The EpiSensA correctly predicted 16/20 materials with three test materials as false positive and one silane as false negative. This silane, classified as weak sensitizer via LLNA, also gave a “false negative” result in the KeratinoSens™ assay. Overall, consistent with prior evaluations, the EpiSensA demonstrated an accuracy level of 80% relative to available in vivo WoE assessments. In addition, potency classification based on the concentration showing positive marker gene expression of EpiSensA was performed. The EpiSensA correctly predicted the potency for all seven sensitizing methacrylates classified as weak potency via LLNA (EC3 ≥ 10%). In summary, EpiSensA could identify dermal sensitization potential of these test substances and mixtures, and continues to show promise as an in vitro alternative method for dermal sensitization.
PDK2 Deficiency Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice by Regulating the RANKL-NFATc1 Pathway During Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Lee Ji-Min , Kim Min-Ji , Lee Sun Joo , Kim Byung-Gyu , Choi Je-Yong , Lee Seung Mi , Ham Hye Jin , Koh Jung-Min , Jeon Jae-Han , Lee In-Kyu 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Estrogen deficiency leads to osteoporosis as a result of an imbalance in bone remodeling due to greater bone resorption. Estrogen deficiency increases the osteoclastic resorption of bone, and many of the FDA-approved therapies for osteoporosis are antiresorptive drugs that mainly act by reducing osteoclast activity. The mitochondrial enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is a critical regulator of aerobic glycolysis that exerts its effects by phosphorylating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which is responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, we found that during osteoclast differentiation, PDK2 expression increased more than that of the other PDK isoenzymes. Bone loss was delayed and the number of osteoclasts was lower in ovariectomized (OVX) Pdk2−/− mice than in OVX wild-type mice. The differentiation of osteoclasts was suppressed in Pdk2−/− bone marrow–derived monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, which was associated with lower phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and c-FOS, and a consequent reduction in NFATc1 transcription. Administration of AZD7545, a specific inhibitor of PDK2, prevented the OVX-induced bone loss and reduced the phosphorylation of CREB and c-FOS, and the protein expression of NFATc1, in osteoclasts. Collectively, these results indicate that the inhibition of PDK2 prevents osteoporosis in estrogen-deficient mice by reducing aberrant osteoclast activation, probably via inhibition of the RANKL-CREB-cFOS-NFATc1 pathway. These findings imply that PDK2 inhibitors might be repurposed for the therapy of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis of 20 Chinese families with oculocutaneous albinism
Authors: Xu Chenyang , Xiang Yanbao , Li Huanzheng , Xu Yunzhi , Mao Yijian , Zhou Lili , Xu Xueqin , Tang Shaohua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders characterized by abnormal melanin synthesis in the hair, skin, and eyes. OCA exhibits obvious genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Molecular diagnosis of causal genes can be of help in the classification of OCA subtypes and the study of OCA pathogenesis．MethodsIn this study, Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing were used to genetically diagnose 20 nonconsanguineous Chinese OCA patients. In addition, prenatal diagnosis was provided to six OCA families.ResultsVariants of TYR, OCA2, and HPS1 were detected in 85%, 10%, and 5% of affected patients, respectively. A total of 21 distinct variants of these three genes were identified. Exons 1 and 2 were the hotspot regions of the TYR variants, and c.895C > A and c.896G > A were the hotspot variants. We also found seven novel variants: c.731G > A, c.741C > A, c.867C > A, and c.1037‐2A > T in TYR, c.695dupT and c.1054A > G in OCA2, and c.9C > A in HPS1. Genetic tests on six fetuses revealed three carrier fetuses, two normal fetuses, and one affected fetus. The follow‐up results after birth were consistent with the results of prenatal diagnosis (one fetus terminated during pregnancy was not followed up).ConclusionsThis study expands our understanding of the genotypic spectrum of the Chinese OCA population. The findings indicate that prenatal diagnosis can provide important information for genetic counseling.
A narrative literature review: Growing the workforce through increased fieldwork capacity in genetic counseling training programs
Authors: Berninger Taylor , Nusbaum Rachel , Redlinger‐Grosse Krista , Davis Claire , Reiser Catherine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn response to mounting concerns regarding a perceived shortage of genetic counselors, the Genetic Counselor Workforce Working Group (WFWG) was established in 2013 to identify barriers to growth of the genetic counseling workforce. After completing a workforce analysis and confirming a shortage, the WFWG convened a strategic planning session in 2017 to identify goals and strategies that would increase the number of certified counselors to meet the current and future workforce demands and ensure access to genetic counselor services. Subcommittees were formed and charged with achieving assigned goals; one such subcommittee included a curriculum working group to build a dynamic and effective educational infrastructure to increase the number of genetic counselors graduated from accredited training program. This paper reports of progress of the WFWG Curriculum Subcommittee toward achieving this goal through a narrative literature review that identifies innovative education methods that help to increase capacity of fieldwork training, both in genetic counseling training programs and in other health professions. Of the five thematic areas identified in this study, four are analyzed for insight into building clinical capacity: systems/infrastructure, rotation structure/models, skill building, and novel techniques. While additional studies are needed to establish best practices in these thematic areas, there are several take‐aways that training programs can begin to utilize as they look to expand training opportunities. While growth of the genetic counseling workforce will continue to be a long‐term issue, programs should begin to think creatively and innovatively about how to reach beyond traditional fieldwork training formats to build capacity. The strategies explored in this paper offer feasible and untapped solutions that can help support efforts to establish a sustainable genetic counseling workforce.
T1, T2, and Fat Fraction Cardiac MR Fingerprinting: Preliminary Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Jaubert Olivier , Cruz Gastao , Bustin Aurelien , Hajhosseiny Reza , Nazir Sohaib , Schneider Torben , Koken Peter , Doneva Mariya , Rueckert Daniel , Masci Pier‐Giorgio , Botnar Rene M. , Prieto Claudia 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundDixon cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) has been recently introduced to simultaneously provide water T1, water T2, and fat fraction (FF) maps.PurposeTo assess Dixon cardiac MRF repeatability in healthy subjects and its clinical feasibility in a cohort of patients with cardiovascular disease.PopulationT1MES phantom, water‐fat phantom, 11 healthy subjects and 19 patients with suspected cardiovascular disease.Study TypeProspective.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, inversion recovery spin echo (IRSE), multiecho spin echo (MESE), modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI), T2 gradient spin echo (T2‐GRASE), 6‐echo gradient rewound echo (GRE), and Dixon cardiac MRF.AssessmentDixon cardiac MRF precision was assessed through repeated scans against conventional MOLLI, T2‐GRASE, and PDFF in phantom and 11 healthy subjects. Dixon cardiac MRF native T1, T2, FF, postcontrast T1 and synthetic extracellular volume (ECV) maps were assessed in 19 patients in comparison to conventional sequences. Measurements in patients were performed in the septum and in late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) areas and assessed using mean value distributions, correlation, and Bland–Altman plots. Image quality and diagnostic confidence were assessed by three experts using 5‐point scoring scales.Statistical TestsPaired Wilcoxon rank signed test and paired t‐tests were applied. Statistical significance was indicated by *(P < 0.05).ResultsDixon cardiac MRF showed good overall precision in phantom and in vivo. Septal average repeatability was ~23 msec for T1, ~2.2 msec for T2, and ~1% for FF. Biases in healthy subjects/patients were measured at +37 msec*/+60 msec* and –8.8 msec*/–8 msec* when compared to MOLLI and T2‐GRASE, respectively. No statistically significant differences in postcontrast T1 (P = 0.17) and synthetic ECV (P = 0.19) measurements were observed in patients.Data ConclusionDixon cardiac MRF attained good overall precision in phantom and healthy subjects, while providing coregistered T1, T2, and fat fraction maps in a single breath‐hold scan with similar or better image quality than conventional methods in patients.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage2.