bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment decision-making in men with localized prostate cancer living in remote area: A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: El-Haouly Abir , Dragomir Alice , El-Rami Hares , Liandier Frédéric , Lacasse Anaïs 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: For the management of localized prostate cancer, patient treatment choice is poorly documented among people living in remote areas where access to certain treatments offered in large centres involves travelling several hundred kilometres. This study aimed to describe and identify the determinants of treatment decision-making in men with localized prostate cancer living in remote areas.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with prostate cancer were recruited from Rouyn-Noranda’s urology clinic (Quebec, Canada) between 2017 and 2019.
Results: A total of 127 men (mean age 68.34±7.23 years) constituted the study sample. Radiotherapy, a treatment not available locally, was chosen most frequently (67.7%), followed by options available locally, such as surgery (22.8%) and active surveillance (9.4%). Most patients preferred to play an active role in this choice (53.5%) and agreed with the statement, “I chose that treatment because it gives the best chance for a cure” (86.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that cancer stage (odds ratio [OR] 10.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.18–32.40) was the only factor associated with radiotherapy choice (patients with lower stage cancer were more likely to choose radiotherapy). The socioeconomic status was not associated with treatment choice.
Conclusions: While radiotherapy was not available locally, it was the most frequently chosen treatment, even though the available literature suggests that no one treatment option is superior in terms of cancer control. The choice of radiotherapy is not associated with patient income, but rather the cancer stage. This result could be explained by the patients’ desire to avoid surgery and its adverse effects.
Rib Somatic Dysfunction Among General Surgical Patients
Authors: Baltazar Gerard A. , Kolwitz Christine E. , Florek Michael G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Upper abdominal or chest pain, tenderness, or sensation of the presence of a mass may lead to general surgery (GS) service referral. These symptoms may be related to rib somatic dysfunction (SD).

Objective
To describe rib SD in the GS setting and help build a foundation for additional osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) research in surgical care.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the electronic medical records of patient encounters in a GS outpatient clinic or private office in Bronx, New York. Included patients had emergency department or inpatient GS consultations with the diagnosis of rib SD (ICD-9 739.8 or ICD-10 M99.08) initially made by the GS service from February 1, 2016, to January 31, 2019. Six-month follow-up data were also reviewed.

Results
Twelve patients had rib SD as the underlying cause of their chief concern upon presentation to the GS service. Only 1 also had an underlying operative GS disease. The GS service treated 11 patients (91.7%) with OMT; 1 patient refused OMT. Time spent on OMT ranged from 5 to 30 minutes, with a median of 10 minutes and a mean (SD) of 12.7 (9.05) minutes. The OMT techniques used included balanced ligamentous tension, counterstrain, muscle energy, myofascial release, rib-raising, and soft tissue. All patients who received OMT demonstrated improvement, and 3 patients required osteopathic manipulative medicine/neuromuscular medicine follow-up.

Conclusions
Rib somatic dysfunction may contribute to patient referral to a GS service, and OMT performed by general surgeons may help provide optimal surgical care.
Histopathological Pattern of Fungal Infections Seen in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from 2014 To 2018
Authors: Mohammed M. O. , Sirajo M. , Okechi O. O. , Muhammad A. T. , Tsamiya R. I. , Abubakar U. , Mohammed I. , Umar A. , Dallatu M. K. , Ajayi A. S. , Sani S. M. , Abdulazeez A. , Hali A. A. , Isah M. , Ma’aruf S. Y. , Bello B. A. , Bunza J. M. , Kabir H. , Dogondaji F. A. , Tambuwal H. M. , Sirajo M. , Okorie N. , Ngaski A. A. , Isah D. , Sani S. M. , Salisu A , Idris N. A. , Ya’u A. , Wasagu H. I. , Abdullahi H. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Fungal infection is a common manifestation in this part of the country and worldwide. It is essential to define the epidemiology of fungal infection in a particular environment.
Aim: This study aims to analyze the diagnosis of fungal infection carried out in patients attending the histopathology department (UDUTH) Sokoto from 2014 to 2018.
Method: This study is a retrospective study of all fungal infection biopsies carried out from 2014 – 2019 in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, northwestern Nigeria, a referral centre for the neighbouring northern states Kebbi and Zamfara. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee of UDUTH, data was collected from histological report cards and analyze manually. Some tissue blocks of the case were retrieved to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 66 requests for fungal diagnosis were received from January 2014 to December 2018, which represent about 0.7% of the total biopsies received over the study period.
Result: Out of the 66 of request for fungal diagnosis 32(48.5%) were fungal positive. Subcutaneous mycosis was the most frequent fungal infection with a frequency of 18(56.25%). Males were more frequently affected than females with the frequencies of 18(56.25%) and 14 (43.75%) respectively.
Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, 15-Lipoxygenase and Lipid Peroxidase Inhibitory Effects of two Medicinal Plants from Burkina Faso: Acacia macrostachya Reich. Ex Benth (Mimosaceae) and Lepidagathis anobrya NEES (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Coulibaly Adjaratou C. , Kabré W. L. M. Esther B. , Traoré Mariam N. , Traoré Tata K. , Nignan Nouhoun , Ouédraogo Noufou , Kiendrebeogo Martin , Sawadogo Richard W. 
Published: August 2020

Acacia macrostachya (Mimosaceae) and Lepidagathis anobrya (Acanthaceae) are two medicinal plants used in Burkina Faso folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the phenolic content, the antioxidant, lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidaseinhibitory effects of Acacia macrostachya and Lepidagathis anobrya.The experimental results revealed that Acacia mascrostachya and Lepidagathis anobrya have respective total phenolic contents varies from 240.13 ± 0.44 and 30.88 ± 0.30 mg GAE / 100 mg extract; and total flavonoids contents of 2.30 ± 0.002 and 4.24 ± 0.28 QE / 100 mg of extract. The two plants demonstrated anti-free radicals (ABTS) capacities of 0.06 and 0.14 TEAC while the FRAP reducing power of 2.24 ± 0.08 and 4.43 ± 0.12 mmol AAE per 100 mg respectively. Acacia macrostachya and Lepidagathis anobrya showed significant inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation with the inhibition percentage values of 55.45 ± 1.48 and 66.36 ± 0.65 respectively. In the 15-lipoxygenase inhibition, Acacia macrostachya demonstrated very important inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of 1.32 ± 0.16 while the effect of Lepidagathis anobrya is very moderate.The results of this work demonstrated the interest of Acacia macrostachya and Lepidagathis anobrya in the management of inflammatory diseases.
Newton‐based extremum seeking of higher‐derivative maps with time‐varying delays
Authors: Rušiti Damir , Oliveira Tiago Roux , Krstić Miroslav , Gerdts Matthias 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe present a Newton‐based extremum seeking algorithm for maximizing higher derivatives of unknown maps in the presence of time‐varying delays. Dealing with time‐varying delays has impact in the predictor design in terms of the transport PDE with variable convection speed functions, the backstepping transformation as well as the conditions imposed on the delay. First, the delay can grow at a rate strictly smaller than one but not indefinitely, the delay must remain uniformly bounded. Second, the delay may decrease at any uniformly bounded rate but not indefinitely, that is, it must remain positive. We incorporate a filtered predictor feedback with a perturbation‐based estimate for the Hessian's inverse using a differential Riccati equation, where the convergence rate of the real‐time optimizer can be made user‐assignable, rather than being dependent on the unknown Hessian of the higher‐derivative map. Furthermore, exponential stability and convergence to a small neighborhood of the unknown extremum point are achieved for locally quadratic derivatives by using backstepping transformation and averaging theory in infinite dimensions.
Diffusion of Cation Impurities through Ceria Grain Boundaries
Authors: Kwak No Woo , Lim Dae‐Kwang , Jeong Seung Jin , Byeon Pilgyu , Chung Sung‐Yoon , Jung WooChul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCerium oxide (ceria) is widely used in relation to solid electrolytes in multiple high‐temperature devices, allowing metal components in contact to penetrate into the ceria, especially along the grain boundaries. However, few researchers have concentrated on the migration of metal cations at the operating temperatures (e.g., 600–750 °C) of these devices. Here, the diffusion and solubility of transition metals are investigated through acceptor‐doped ceria grain boundaries as a function of the temperature, pO2, dopant type, and doping concentration. The use of thin‐film samples with high grain boundary density levels and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry with ppb‐level chemical resolution enables an accurate analysis of the concentration profiles of metal species present inside the grain boundaries at such low temperatures. Ni, Fe, and Pt migrate unexpectedly rapidly, and the amounts and types of rare‐earth dopants have a considerable effect on the diffusion of the transition metal. Furthermore, transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and, Cu) are present at the grain boundaries at substantial solubility levels of ≈1022 cm−3, i.e., 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than in the bulk lattice. The observed dynamic behaviors of transition metals present a new perspective on the performance and durability of ceria‐containing applications.
Toward BaSi2/Si Heterojunction Thin‐Film Solar Cells: Insights into Heterointerface Investigation, Barium Depletion, and Silicide‐Mediated Silicon Crystallization
Authors: Tian Yilei , Bento Montes Ana Rita , Vančo Ľubomír , Čaplovičová Mária , Vogrinčič Peter , Šutta Pavol , Satrapinskyy Leonid , Zeman Miro , Isabella Olindo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe knowledge of the structural and compositional details of Si/BaSi2/Si heterostructure annealed at high temperature is a prerequisite for BaSi2application in heterojunction thin‐film solar cells. For this purpose, Si/BaSi2/Si heterostructures deposited by magnetron sputtering with different Si layer thickness are submitted to systematic structural and compositional characterizations. Results reveal a BaSi2/Si heterointerfacial variation caused by surface oxidation and Ba diffusion at the high temperature. Its effects on the optical and electrical properties of Si/BaSi2/Si heterostructure are presented. The outcomes of this work can be extended to BaSi2deposited by other techniques, and generate substantial advantages in BaSi2development ranging from improvement on material qualities and eventual deployment in thin‐film solar cells.
Early defoliation effects on corn plant stands and grain yield
Authors: Thomason Wade , Battaglia Martín 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple stresses can cause early defoliation in corn (Zea mays L.). Corn response to hail damage depends on defoliation timing and severity. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of defoliating plants at 2.5‐cm above the soil beginning at V3 and continuing for three weeks in a three‐year study. Treatments were imposed with a string trimmer once or twice a week in a full factorial arrangement with timing of V3, V4/V5 and V6. At maturity, ears and plants were counted and harvested from 3 m at the center rows in each plot and weighed. A subsample was then shelled, and test weight, moisture, plants, ears and yield per hectare were determined. Defoliating twice a week between V3 and V6 reduced stands, ears and yield between 24% and 41%, compared with one defoliation a week. Defoliation at V6 decreased yield up to 100%, regardless of the occurrence of previous defoliation. Defoliation at V3, V4/V5 or both (without a defoliation at V6), especially twice a week, began to have an additive detrimental effect, but maximum plant, ear and grain yield losses (ranging between 33 and 77%) were smaller and less consistent compared to V6 defoliation. Here, the additive effect of frequency of defoliation at a given stage was reported for the first time. In this study, using a string trimmer to impose defoliation proved an effective and realistic method to simulate a wide array of biotic and abiotic defoliation damages to corn foliage.
Genotype by environment analysis on multi‐canopy cropping system towards vertical harvest space in rice
Authors: Widyastuti Luh Putu Yuni , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Aswidinnoor Hajrial 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe multi‐canopy cropping system is considered a novel idea for increasing rice yield, derived from the concept of vertical agriculture. This method utilizes short and tall genotypes planted in the same hill. The tall plants form a canopy, and therefore the vertical harvest space can be used. The objective of the study was to determine the potential of breeding programs to develop varieties for multi‐canopy cropping system in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiments were conducted at the IPB University Experimental Station at Babakan, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, in four environments: (1) monoculture in the dry season 2018, (2) multi‐canopy in the dry season 2018, (3) monoculture in the wet season 2018/2019, (4) multi‐canopy in the wet season 2018/2019. Twenty‐two short rice genotypes and two check varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design in each environment. The genotype × canopy (G × C) interaction effect was significant (p < .05) for plant height, stem length, and number of tillers. Yield reductions of the short genotypes from the monoculture to the multi‐canopy system were varied (30.55–49.67%), eventhough the G × C was not significant. The average total yield of multi‐canopy (6.44 t ha−1) was higher (p < .05) than the monoculture (5.90 t ha−1), indicating that breeding for the development of suitable varieties for multi‐canopy system is possible. Results of this novel study, we hope, would inspire and stimulate new breeding objectives to develop varieties for multi‐canopy system and utilize vertical harvest space, as a new effort to increase rice production worldwide.
Consumer proximity and brand loyalty in craft soda marketing: A case study of Ale‐8‐One
Authors: Zare Samane , Asgari Mahdi , Woods Timothy , Zheng Yuqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCraft soda has become increasingly popular among consumers. Local manufacturers have opportunities to use a variety of strategies to differentiate their products from nationally recognized brands, including the use of real or natural ingredients, premium ingredients, and locally sourced ingredients, handmade and small batches, and creative taste. Loyal consumers of craft sodas often live within the proximity of the production location, and the manufacturers are normally small with a limited distribution area. From the local manufacturer's standpoint, it is important to segment the market based on the closeness to their distribution territory when studying the market demand, or at least to recognize if such locational preferences exist with a view toward identifying market expansion strategies. In this paper, we focus on the case for a Kentucky local craft soda producer, Ale‐8‐One. We examine the demand for craft and noncraft soft drinks using Nielsen scanner data to test whether consumer behavior is different in the core markets. The results show that, in this case, craft soda consumers are less price responsive and more brand loyal in the core market, compared with the outside market. [EconLit Citations: C55, D12, Q13].
New classification‐oriented treatment strategy for portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy
Authors: Onda Shinji , Furukawa Kenei , Shirai Yoshihiro , Hamura Ryoga , Horiuchi Takashi , Yasuda Jungo , Shiozaki Hironori , Gocho Takeshi , Shiba Hioaki , Ikegami Toru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study sought to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy. Furthermore, we proposed a novel classification and treatment strategy for portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 398 patients who underwent hepatectomy and enhanced computed tomography imaging within 14 days after surgery in our hospital from 2009 to 2019. Portal vein thrombosis was classified into three categories according to the location of the thrombus – main, hilar, and peripheral – with main portal vein thrombosis further subclassified into three grades. Each patient's treatment strategy was determined based on their portal vein thrombosis classification and grading. From 2015, enhanced computed tomography imaging was performed routinely on patients who underwent anatomical hepatectomy on postoperative day 7.ResultsPortal vein thrombosis was diagnosed in 57 patients (14.3%) during the study period. Multivariate analysis revealed that a Pringle maneuver time of 75 minutes or longer was a significant predictor of portal vein thrombosis (P = .012). In total, 52 patients (91%) with portal vein thrombosis recovered by surgery, anticoagulant therapy, or without specific treatment. There was no instance of mortality recorded.ConclusionsPatients who undergo hepatectomy are at high risk for portal vein thrombosis, especially when the Pringle maneuver time is long. The proposed classification and treatment strategy may be useful for clinical management of patients with portal vein thrombosis after hepatectomy.
Estimation of the critical properties of compounds using volume‐based thermodynamics
Authors: Hekayati Javad , Raeissi Sona 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe importance, yet scarcity of the critical constants of thermally unstable fluids warrants the development of reliable methods for the estimation of these essential thermodynamic properties. A thorough investigation undertaken in this study on 1,589 compounds belonging to 83 chemical classes, indicated that the ratio of critical temperature to critical pressure of both low and high molecular weight compounds could be well expressed in terms of their volumetric properties. In addition, two new methodologies are presented for estimating Vc, as well as an indirect approach for prediction of Tc from surface tension data, altogether allowing the calculation of Zc. Moreover, comparative studies are made with five group contribution methods. It is also demonstrated that by employing the Peng‐Robinson EOS, and without prior knowledge of the critical properties, it is possible to calculate various thermophysical properties including Psat., Tb, , ∆Hvap., Cp, and even the Tc and Pc themselves.
Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) success rates and complications in endoscopic vs non‐endoscopic approaches: a systematic review
Authors: Eisenbach Netanel , Karni Ohad , Sela Eyal , Nemet Achia , Dror Amiel , Levy Einat , Kassif Yanir , Ovadya Relli , Ronen Ohad , Marshak Tal 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundEpiphora due to refractory bicanalicular obstructions is typically managed by conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) with or without the assistance of nasal endoscopy. However, the evidence for its benefit is unclear.MethodsA systematic review of the literature on the treatment of epiphora by CDCR was performed (March 1, 2018). All studies reporting original data on patients suffering from epiphora treated with CDCR surgery were included. Primary outcomes were success and satisfaction rates. Secondary outcomes were CDCR complications. A comparison was made between the results obtained in patients undergoing CDCR with vs without assistance of nasal endoscopy.ResultsFifty‐four studies representing information on 2555 CDCR procedures were included in the systematic review. All the studies are case series, most of them retrospective. Lester Jones tube (LJT) is the most commonly used in CDCR (66.7%). The overall success rate with all studies included (n = 2555) was 88.9%; 90.8% (n = 890) in CDCR with assistance of nasal endoscope and 87.7% (n = 1575) in the non‐endoscopic approach. The overall “tube displacement” rate, the most common complication, was 24.5% (n = 2522), 20.8% (n = 1575) tube displacement in CDCR with assistance of nasal endoscope vs 26.7% (n = 1575) in the non‐endoscopic approach. Only 3 studies (5.5%) used patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate epiphora improvement. Due to the low level of evidence and the high bias of the studies, a meta‐analysis was not performed.ConclusionBased on the data available in the literature, CDCR is considered an effective procedure for treating epiphora due to proximal obstruction. Controlled and qualitative studies are needed to clarify the significance of the endoscope's contribution to CDCR.
From UV to NIR: A Full‐Spectrum Metal‐Free Photocatalyst for Efficient Polymer Synthesis in Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Allison‐Logan Stephanie , Fu Qiang , Sun Yongkang , Liu Min , Xie Jijia , Tang Junwang , Qiao Greg G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhoto‐mediation offers unparalleled spatiotemporal control over controlled radical polymerizations (CRP). Photo‐induced electron/energy transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization is particularly versatile owing to its oxygen tolerance and wide range of compatible photocatalysts. In recent years, broadband‐ and near‐infrared (NIR)‐mediated polymerizations have been of particular interest owing to their potential for solar‐driven chemistry and biomedical applications. In this work, we present the first example of a novel photocatalyst for both full broadband‐ and NIR‐mediated CRP in aqueous conditions. Well‐defined polymers were synthesized in water under blue, green, red, and NIR light irradiation. Exploiting the oxygen tolerant and aqueous nature of our system, we also report PET‐RAFT polymerization at the microliter scale in a mammalian cell culture medium.
Design and Scalable Synthesis of N‐Alkylhydroxylamine Reagents for the Direct Iron‐Catalyzed Installation of Medicinally Relevant Amines**
Authors: Falk Eric , Makai Szabolcs , Delcaillau Tristan , Gürtler Laura , Morandi Bill 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSecondary and tertiary alkylamines are privileged substance classes that are often found in pharmaceuticals and other biologically active small molecules. Herein, we report their direct synthesis from alkenes through an aminative difunctionalization reaction enabled by iron catalysis. A family of ten novel hydroxylamine‐derived aminating reagents were designed for the installation of several medicinally relevant amine groups, such as methylamine, morpholine and piperazine, through the aminochlorination of alkenes. The method has excellent functional group tolerance and a broad scope of alkenes was converted to the corresponding products, including several drug‐like molecules. Besides aminochlorination, the installation of other functionalities through aminoazidation, aminohydroxylation and even intramolecular carboamination reactions, was demonstrated, further highlighting the broad potential of these new reagents for the discovery of novel amination reactions.