bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ study of the deep sea electrochemical performance of aluminum‐based galvanic anodes
Authors: Xing Shaohua , Hou Jian , Sun Mingxian , Guo Weimin , Xu Likun , Li Weili , Wharton Julian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe galvanic performance of Al–Zn–In–Mg–Ti–Ga–Mn and Al–Zn–In–Si anodes was studied in situ in the South China Sea at a depth of 1,420 m when coupled to E355DD structural carbon steel. Deep‐sea field tests showed that Al–Zn–In–Mg–Ti–Ga–Mn anode surface degradation mainly occurred via uniform corrosion accompanied by some minor evidence of pitting and intergranular corrosion, whereas the Al–Zn–In–Si anode was subject to extensive intergranular corrosion. Pitting and intergranular corrosion were primary reasons for degrading the galvanic anode performance, and overall the Al–Zn–In–Mg–Ti–Ga–Mn performed better than the Al–Zn–In–Si in the deep‐sea environment. There was no evidence that calcareous sediments were deposited on the protected steel surface and the protection current density in the deep sea was 72% higher than that required at the ocean surface.
Clinical features and genetic characteristics of homozygous spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Li Quan-Fu , Cheng Hao‐Ling , Yang Lu , Ma Yin , Zhao Jing‐Jing , Dong Yi , Wu Zhi‐Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHomozygous spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients, which have an expanded cytosine‐adenine‐guanine (CAG) repeat mutation in both alleles of ATXN3, are extremely rare. Clinical features and genetic characteristics of them were seldom studied.MethodsWe analyzed seven newly homozygous SCA3 patients from five families and 14 homozygotes reported previously. An additional cohort of 30 heterozygous SCA3 patients were analyzed to compare age at onset (AAO).ResultsTwo out of seven SCA3 homozygotes had the minimum CAG repeats reported so far (55/56 and 56/58). Five patients appeared peripheral neuropathy and two had mild cognitive impairment. The AAO was significantly inversely correlated with both the large and small expanded CAG repeats (r = −.7682, p < .0001). The AAO was significantly earlier in homozygous SCA3 than heterozygous ones (32.81 ± 11.86 versus. 49.90 ± 9.73, p < .0001). In addition, the AAO of our seven homozygotes is elder compared to those reported previously (41.29 years vs. 28.57 years), which may be related to the fewer CAG repeats in our seven patients.ConclusionGene dosage effect may play an important role in the AAO and severity of disease, and homozygosity for ATXN3 enhances phenotypic severity. Our findings expand clinical features and genetic characteristics of homozygous SCA3 patients.
Miniaturized ultra‐wideband printed dipole array for electronic warfare applications in unmanned aerial vehicle systems
Authors: Kumari A. N. Meena , Varughese Suma , Rao P. Venkatesh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and their applications in various areas of military, communications made the researchers focus on the design of compact, wide beam, lightweight antennas. In this article, a novel miniaturized printed dipole antenna with quasi rhombus shape exhibiting an Impedance bandwidth of 113% (within 2:1 VSWR for the frequency range from 6.3 to 23 GHz) is presented. The length and width of the antenna element in terms of λ6.5 considered at the resonant frequency of 6.5 GHz is 0.347λ6.5 × 0.369λ6.5 (16 mm × 17 mm). Design equations are included to carefully match the impedance at every segment of the antenna. The optimized element is fabricated to confirm the finding from the analysis. The wideband characteristics of the antenna with good cross‐polarization levels, stable radiation patterns and matching performance of element makes it suitable for various EW applications in UAV systems. The optimized linear antenna array with eight elements is fabricated and tested to evaluate its suitability for broadband applications. Various antenna parameters such as reflection coefficients, bandwidth, radiation patterns are measured and compared with computed results to validate its suitability for EW applications. Miniaturization of antenna size finds the suitability of antenna to be used for smaller platforms having smaller surface similar to UAV. The wideband performance from a single antenna/array is useful for multitude applications. Some of the areas of application are shared aperture; communication support measure; SATCOM; data link; electronic support measure; radar warning receiver applications.
A geometric approach to separate the effects of magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange in a phantom with isotropic magnetic susceptibility
Authors: Eun Hyunsung , Jeong Hwihun , Lee Jingu , Shin Hyeong‐Geol , Lee Jongho 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo separate the effects of magnetic susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange in a phantom with isotropic magnetic susceptibility, and to generate a chemical shift/exchange‐corrected QSM result.MethodsMagnetic susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange are the properties of a material. Both are known to induce the resonance frequency shift in MRI. In current QSM, the susceptibility is reconstructed from the frequency shift, ignoring the contribution of the chemical shift/exchange. In this work, a simple geometric approach, which averages the frequency shift maps from three orthogonal B0 directions to generate a chemical shift/exchange map, is developed using the fact that the average nullifies the (isotropic) susceptibility effects. The resulting chemical shift/exchange map is subtracted from the total frequency shift, producing a frequency shift map solely from susceptibility. Finally, this frequency shift map is reconstructed to a susceptibility map using a QSM algorithm. The proposed method is validated in numerical simulations and applied to phantom experiments with olive oil, bovine serum albumin, ferritin, and iron oxide solutions.ResultsBoth simulations and experiments confirm that the method successfully separates the contributions of the susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange, reporting the susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange of olive oil (susceptibility: 0.62 ppm, chemical shift: −3.60 ppm), bovine serum albumin (susceptibility: −0.059 ppm, chemical shift: 0.008 ppm), ferritin (susceptibility: 0.125 ppm, chemical shift: −0.005 ppm), and iron oxide (susceptibility: 0.30 ppm, chemical shift: −0.039 ppm) solutions.ConclusionThe proposed method successfully separates the susceptibility and chemical shift/exchange in phantoms with isotropic magnetic susceptibility.
Validation of T2‐based oxygen extraction fraction measurement with 15O positron emission tomography
Authors: Jiang Dengrong , Deng Shengwen , Franklin Crystal G. , O'Boyle Michael , Zhang Wei , Heyl Betty L. , Pan Li , Jerabek Paul A. , Fox Peter T. , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of T2‐based whole‐brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) estimation by comparing it with gold standard 15O‐PET measurements.MethodsSixteen healthy adult subjects underwent MRI and 15O‐PET OEF measurements on the same day. On MRI, whole‐brain OEF was quantified by T2‐relaxation‐under‐spin‐tagging (TRUST) MRI, based on subject‐specific hematocrit. The TRUST OEF was compared to the whole‐brain averaged OEF produced by 15O‐PET. Agreement between TRUST and 15O‐PET whole‐brain OEF measurements was examined in terms of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and in absolute OEF values. In a subset of 10 subjects, test‐retest reproducibility of whole‐brain OEF was also evaluated and compared between the two modalities.ResultsAcross the 16 subjects, the mean whole‐brain OEF of TRUST and 15O‐PET were 36.44 ± 4.07% and 36.45 ± 3.65%, respectively, showing no difference between the two modalities (P = .99). TRUST whole‐brain OEF strongly correlated with that of 15O‐PET (N = 16, ICC = 0.90, P = 4 × 10−7). The coefficient‐of‐variation of TRUST and 15O‐PET whole‐brain OEF measurements were 1.79 ± 0.67% and 2.06 ± 1.55%, respectively, showing no difference between the two modalities (N = 10, P = .64). Further analyses on the effect of hematocrit revealed that correlation between PET OEF and TRUST OEF with assumed hematocrit remained significant (ICC = 0.8, P < 2 × 10−5).ConclusionWhole‐brain OEF measured by TRUST was in excellent agreement with gold standard 15O‐PET, with highly comparable accuracy and reproducibility. These findings suggest that TRUST MRI can provide accurate quantification of whole‐brain OEF noninvasively.
qMTNet: Accelerated quantitative magnetization transfer imaging with artificial neural networks
Authors: Luu Huan Minh , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Jae‐Woong , Choi Seung‐Hong , Park Sung‐Hong 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo develop a set of artificial neural networks, collectively termed qMTNet, to accelerate data acquisition and fitting for quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging.MethodsConventional and interslice qMT data were acquired with two flip angles at six offset frequencies from seven subjects for developing the networks and from four young and four older subjects for testing the generalizability. Two subnetworks, qMTNet‐acq and qMTNet‐fit, were developed and trained to accelerate data acquisition and fitting, respectively. qMTNet‐2 is the sequential application of qMTNet‐acq and qMTNet‐fit to produce qMT parameters (exchange rate, pool fraction) from undersampled qMT data (two offset frequencies rather than six). qMTNet‐1 is one single integrated network having the same functionality as qMTNet‐2. qMTNet‐fit was compared with a Gaussian kernel‐based fitting. qMT parameters generated by the networks were compared with those from ground truth fitted with a dictionary‐driven approach.ResultsThe proposed networks achieved high peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (>30) and structural similarity index (>97) in reference to the ground truth. qMTNet‐fit produced qMT parameters in concordance with the ground truth with better performance than the Gaussian kernel‐based fitting. qMTNet‐2 and qMTNet‐1 could accelerate data acquisition at threefold and accelerate fitting at 5800‐ and 4218‐fold, respectively. qMTNet‐1 showed slightly better performance than qMTNet‐2, whereas qMTNet‐2 was more flexible for applications.ConclusionThe proposed single (qMTNet‐1) and two joint neural networks (qMTNet‐2) can accelerate qMT workflow for both data acquisition and fitting significantly. qMTNet has the potential to accelerate qMT imaging for clinical applications, which warrants further investigation.
Exomphalos without other prenatally detected anomalies: Perinatal outcomes from 22 years of population‐based data
Authors: Grover Rose , Collins Amanda L. , Wellesley Diana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the perinatal outcomes for an apparently isolated exomphalos detected by prenatal ultrasound.MethodOur dataset captures cases from 614 321 births in the Wessex region of England and the Channel Isles on all cases of pre‐ or postnatally diagnosed exomphalos from 1994 to 2015. Ascertainment was >95%.ResultsThree hundred and thirty five cases were reported to the register: 28 (8%) were not detected prenatally, 18 (6%) had already died in utero, 169 (55%) cases were found to have additional anomalies on first tertiary ultrasound scan and one case was lost to follow‐up. Therefore 119 (39%) cases had an apparently isolated exomphalos.Of the 119 cases with only an exomphalos detected on first tertiary ultrasound scan, 25 (21%) had a chromosome abnormality. Of those with a normal or untested karyotype, 61% were confirmed to be an isolated anomaly after birth, 13% had an additional heart abnormality, 9% had Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome and 11% had additional problems diagnosed postnatally.ConclusionOur large population‐based dataset with an average of 1 year's postnatal follow‐up suggests that more than one‐third of apparently isolated prenatal cases of exomphalos will have an additional finding detected after birth. These data should help assist clinicians in their prenatal counseling.
Wavelength and angle resolved reflectance measurements of pyramidal textures for crystalline silicon photovoltaics
Authors: Scheul Tudor E. , Khorani Edris , Rahman Tasmiat , Charlton Martin D.B. , Boden Stuart A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWavelength and angle resolved scattering (WARS) reflectance measurements are attractive to the photovoltaic (PV) industry as a means of characterizing the light‐trapping properties of a textured front surface. Moreover, at the PV module level, where a stack comprising encapsulants and glass is present, large angle scattering can promote total internal reflection at the interfaces and redirect light back towards the solar cell, thus increasing the photocurrent of the device. In this work, we present WARS measurements of a potassium hydroxide (KOH)etched random pyramid surface in the 6°–90° range and identify the main paths the photons experience through reflections from various facets of the pyramids. Our results, combined with ray‐tracing predictions, show that a reassessment of the morphology for simulation inputs is advised for a more comprehensive description of the experimental light paths due to a distribution of power across multiple scattering angles and a lower average pyramid base angle. In addition, we discuss the implications on the total amount of light trapped at the glass‐air interface and show that for a typical encapsulant refractive index of 1.5, approximately 14.5% of the scattered light is predicted to be trapped by the fabricated pyramidal texture. This is a significant increase over the 3.8% calculated to be trapped when assuming a dihedral base angle fixed to 54.74°.
An allosteric pathway explains beneficial fitness in yeast for long‐range mutations in an essential TIM barrel enzyme
Authors: Chan Yvonne H. , Zeldovich Konstantin B. , Matthews Charles R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProtein evolution proceeds by a complex response of organismal fitness to mutations that can simultaneously affect protein stability, structure, and enzymatic activity. To probe the relationship between genotype and phenotype, we chose a fundamental paradigm for protein evolution, folding, and design, the (βα)8 TIM barrel fold. Here, we demonstrate the role of long‐range allosteric interactions in the adaptation of an essential hyperthermophilic TIM barrel enzyme to mesophilic conditions in a yeast host. Beneficial fitness effects observed with single and double mutations of the canonical βα‐hairpin clamps and the α‐helical shell distal to the active site revealed an underlying energy network between opposite faces of the cylindrical β‐barrel. We experimentally determined the fitness of multiple mutants in the energetic phase plane, contrasting the energy barrier of the chemical reaction and the folding free energy of the protein. For the system studied, the reaction energy barrier was the primary determinant of organism fitness. Our observations of long‐range epistatic interactions uncovered an allosteric pathway in an ancient and ubiquitous enzyme that may provide a novel way of designing proteins with a desired activity and stability profile.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 8
Authors: Van den Eynde Renik , Van Leeuwen Thomas , Haesaert Geert 
Published: July 2020

The cover image is based on the Review Identifying drivers of spatio‐temporal dynamics in barley yellow dwarf virus epidemiology as a critical factor in disease control by Renik Van den Eynde et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5851.
image
Fitting elephants in the density functionals zoo: Statistical criteria for the evaluation of density functional theory methods as a suitable replacement for counting parameters
Authors: Peverati Roberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCounting parameters has become customary in the density functional theory community as a way to infer the transferability of popular approximations to the exchange‐correlation functionals. Recent work in data science, however, has demonstrated that the number of parameters of a fitted model is not related to the complexity of the model itself, nor to its eventual overfitting. Using similar arguments, here, we show that it is possible to represent every modern exchange‐correlation functional approximations using just one single parameter. This procedure proves the futility of the number of parameters as a measure of transferability. To counteract this shortcoming, we introduce and analyze the performance of three statistical criteria for the evaluation of the transferability of exchange‐correlation functionals. The three criteria are called Akaike information criterion, Vapnik‐Chervonenkis criterion, and cross‐validation criterion and are used in a preliminary assessment to rank 60 exchange‐correlation functional approximations using the ASCDB database of chemical data.
Financial stress spillover across Asian Countries
Authors: Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Abakah Emmanuel Joel Aikins , Abakah Moses Kenneth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper uses fractional integration techniques to explore the stochastic properties of the Financial Stress Indices (FSIs) of 10 Asian countries, further investigating the bilateral linkages between them to ascertain how financial stress spreads among countries in the region. For the FSIs of each country, the results show that all the estimated orders of integration are in the interval (0, 1) implying fractional integration and a long memory pattern. Thus, shocks will have transitory though long‐lasting effects. For the cross‐country spillovers of the FSIs, we find that convergence is satisfied in all cases with values of the differencing parameter around 0 and thus showing short memory behavior. It is worth noting that for the larger economies in the region, Japan and China, financial stress transmission between Japan and the smaller economies was faster than with respect to China. Overall, the results provide valuable information on the financial market activity of the countries in the region. To check for the robustness of the baseline results we also use systemic risk measures for these countries, CoVaR with the results showing evidence of fractional integration for the individual series, with all values of the differencing parameter in the range (0, 1). For convergence, there is a substantial reduction in the degree of integration, though the results are not as clear as with the FSIs.
Into the dirt: Datasets of sewer networks with aerial and ground platforms
Authors: Alejo David , Chataigner François , Serrano Daniel , Merino Luis , Caballero Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an unprecedented set of data in a challenging underground environment: the visitable sewers of Barcelona. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data set involving ground and aerial robots in such scenario: the sewer inspection autonomous robot (SIAR) ground robot and the autonomous robot for sewer inspection aerial platform. These platforms captured data from a great variety of sensors, including sequences of red green blue‐depth (RGB‐D) images with their onboard cameras. The set consists of 14 logs of experiments that were obtained in more than 10 different days and in four different locations. The complete length of the experiments in the data set exceeds 5 km. In addition, we provide the users with a partial ground‐truth and baselines of the localization of the platforms, which can be used for testing their localization and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. We also provide details on the setup and execution of each mission and a partial labeling of the elements found in the sewers. All the data were recorded by using the rosbag tool from robot operating system framework. Our goal is to make the data available to the scientific community as a benchmark to test localization, SLAM and classification algorithms in underground environments. The data set are available at https://robotics.upo.es/datasets/echord.
Endosomal Escape of Polymer‐Coated Silica Nanoparticles in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Parodi Alessandro , Evangelopoulos Michael , Arrighetti Noemi , Cevenini Armando , Livingston Megan , Khaled Sm Z. , Brown Brandon S. , Yazdi Iman K. , Paradiso Francesca , Campa‐Carranza Jocelyn N. , De Vita Alessandro , Taraballi Francesca , Tasciotti Ennio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent investigations into hazardous nanoparticles (i.e., nanotoxicology) aim to understand the working mechanisms that drive toxicity. This understanding has been used to predict the biological impact of the nanocarriers as a function of their synthesis, material composition, and physicochemical characteristics. It is particularly critical to characterize the events that immediately follow cell stress resulting from nanoparticle internalization. While reactive oxygen species and activation of autophagy are universally recognized as mechanisms of nanotoxicity, the progression of these phenomena during cell recovery has yet to be comprehensively evaluated. Herein, primary human endothelial cells are exposed to controlled concentrations of polymer‐functionalized silica nanoparticles to induce lysosomal damage and achieve cytosolic delivery. In this model, the recovery of cell functions lost following endosomal escape is primarily represented by changes in cell distribution and the subsequent partitioning of particles into dividing cells. Furthermore, multilamellar bodies are found to accumulate around the particles, demonstrating progressive endosomal escape. This work provides a set of biological parameters that can be used to assess cell stress related to nanoparticle exposure and the subsequent recovery of cell processes as a function of endosomal escape.
An empirical study on Green BPM adoption: Contextual factors and performance
Authors: Couckuyt Dries , Van Looy Amy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBusiness process management (BPM) examines how work is performed in organizations. As environmental sustainability and context awareness are important to organizations, this study addresses two BPM calls. First, it focuses on the ecological impact of business processes. Second, this research recognizes the effect of an organization's business context when applying BPM. We have developed hypotheses to statistically analyze the effect of organization location, sector, size, and competitiveness (i.e., as contextual factors) on Green BPM adoption (RQ1). Additionally, the study reveals which BPM capabilities contribute more to an organization's society‐related performance (RQ2). The research questions were examined by means of a correlation analysis, hypothesis testing, and a regression analysis. The data set contained 100 BPM‐related responses from 403 high‐level managers, working in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and India. For RQ1, we found a strong dependency between Green BPM adoption and organization size and competitiveness. For RQ2, although all BPM capabilities are positively linked to society‐related performance, four of them are of the highest importance, namely: (1) process‐based external relationships; (2) process‐oriented values, attitudes, and behaviors; (3) process‐oriented organization chart; and (4) process‐oriented governance bodies. We conclude with a discussion of these results, and we offer Green BPM decision‐making advice to practitioners.