bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst - masquerading as tuberculous pleural effusion in a child
Authors: Mishra Rajeeva , Shankari Vidhya 
Published: June 2020

We report a case of intrapleural rupture of hydatid cyst of the lung in a 12 year old female child who presented with a persistent cough since 3 years. She was misdiagnosed as tuberculous pleural effusion, which on contrast enhanced computed tomography thorax was diagnosed as ruptured hydatid cyst. She was treated conservatively and referred for further surgical correction. Following the surgical correction, the patient condition improved dramatically.
An unusual presentation of extra-hepatic portal venous obstruction
Authors: Krishna Vidya , Ramanan Padmasani Venkat , Sankaranarayan Shuba , Prabaharan Krithika 
Published: June 2020

A 13-year-old girl presented with short duration of fever, left upper abdominal pain and massive tender splenomegaly. There was no evidence of liver dysfunction or significant history. Evaluation revealed multiple splenic infarcts with portal vein thrombosis. She developed splenic abscess and was managed conservatively with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics.
Neonatal small left colon syndrome - Radiological diagnosis by gastrografin contrast study
Authors: Sharma Shashi , Sharma B B , Chamaria Komal , Bansal Kush 
Published: June 2020

Neonatal small left colon syndrome (NSLCS) is one of the suspected diagnoses if the neonate does not pass meconium within 24 h of birth. Radiological contrast studies play a vital role in diagnosing and treating the entity. We report a case where the newborn did not pass meconium till 4 days of birth and which on gastrografin studies was diagnosed as a case of NSLCS.
Hypoplasia of left pulmonary artery: A rare congenital heart disease
Authors: Purani Charul , Mehariya K M , Gupta Kirti , Patel Priyansi 
Published: June 2020

Unilateral hypoplasia or absence of pulmonary artery is a rare pulmonary vascular anomaly that is usually associated with other cardiac anomalies like Tetralogy of Fallot or cardiac septal defects, but can also occur as an isolated anomaly. We present a case of 6-monthold infant who presented with recurrent respiratory tract infection. On work up, chest X-ray showed ipsilateral small hemithorax with hyperluscency in the left lung field. Findings were confirmed with 2D echocardiography and pulmonary angiography which were suggestive of hypoplasia of left pulmonary artery.
An unusual case of pancytopenia in an adolescent girl
Authors: Mishra N R , Panda P C , Das S , Arun M 
Published: June 2020

Patients with disseminated tuberculosis (TB) have varied presentations like pyrexia of unknown origin, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and meningitis, but pancytopenia is rare. Sometimes the cause of pancytopenia is not discernible after initial investigations. Such cases need further evaluation to know the etiology of pancytopenia for appropriate management of the patient. The present case was misdiagnosed as nutritional anaemia, which after thorough workup was diagnosed as disseminated TB. We are reporting this case in view of extreme rarity of TB presenting with pancytopenia.
Atypical presentation of Niemann-Pick disease
Authors: Keshavamurthy Mysore Lakshmikantha , Basavaraja G V , Rajeshekarmurthy G R , Sanjay K S , Premalatha R 
Published: June 2020

Niemann-Pick (NP) disease is a distinct disorder with specific clinical and morphological manifestations. We report a 2-year-old girl who presented with normal development, acute onset of pallor, lethargy, and massive splenomegaly, which made us to think of hemolytic anemia as the initial diagnosis. Her bone marrow done, after initial hematological work up being normal, showed NP cells. As the child did not have any neurological abnormality, she was diagnosed as NP Type B (NPD-B) storage disease. We report it as a typical presentation of NPD-B.
Evaluating the quality of life in asthmatic children less than 5 years in an urban setting in Mumbai: A pilot study
Authors: Pherwani Asha 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Quality of life questionnaires (QOLQs) are an important part of the clinical assessment. There are few studies in India evaluating QOL in children with childhood asthma. Objectives: The objective was to construct a parent answered QOLQ for asthmatic children under 5 years of age and to compare QOLQ with symptoms. Materials and Methods: Exploratory/pilot study conducted between January and December 2011 in asthma clinic of an urban teaching hospital. Asthmatic children below 5 years of age, who had at least three asthma attacks in the past year, were included in the study. A QOLQ was constructed having 18 items,distributed under four domains (symptoms, environment, physical activity, and behavior). Validity of QOLQ was checked and was presented to parents in a simple language, and they were taught to score them from 1 to 7. Results: Study consists of 41 asthmatic children (mean age = 3.7±1.1 years) with 26 (63.8%) male and 15 (36.5%) females. 15 age-matched (mean age 4±1.2 years) normal controls were also taken. The mean score was significantly higher (p?0.05) for the domain of symptoms (4.2±2), than the domains of environment (3.6±1.8), and behavior (3.6±1.6), and these were higher than those of physical activity (3.2±2.65, p?0.05). The meandomains of asthmatics were significantly higher (30-34%) than the controls, suggesting that the QOLQ was measuring what it was supposed to measure. Scores of the QOLQ correlated with the severity of symptoms. Conclusion: It is possible to determine the QOL of children below 5 years of age with parents acting as a proxy. However, larger data is needed to confirm its clinical usefulness and application.
Clinical profile of dengue infection in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Eregowda Adarsh , Valliappan Subramanian 
Published: June 2020

Background: Dengue is a major international health concern that is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The total burden of febrile illnesses that presents to primary health facilities due to dengue in different parts of Karnataka is largely unknown. Objective: The objective was to study the different clinical manifestations, trend, and outcome of dengue cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Materialsand Methods: Prospective study conducted over a period of 6 months (July-December 2013) in a tertiary care hospital at Bangalore. Dengue serology was done for all suspected subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Detailed clinical and demographic details were taken at admission and serial close monitoring for signs and symptoms was done to watch for the progression of the disease. Results: Of the 100 children admitted with probable dengue fever, 57 had confirmed dengue illness. Of these 57 cases, most of the cases were male, and 34 (60%)cases were in age group of 5 months to 15 years with mean age of 7.5±4.7 years. Among the serology confirmed cases, the most common presentation was fever in 57 (100%), followed by abdominal pain in 37 (65%), rashes in 31 (54%), myalgia in 26 (46%), and vomiting in 23 (40%) cases. The most common hemorrhagic manifestation was cutaneous bleeding manifestations like petechiae. Of 57 cases, 46 patients had dengue with no warning signs, 8 had dengue fever with warning signs, and 3 had severe dengue. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of dengue seem to be changing. Fever, rash, and body ache are still the common manifestations; however, clinicians in the endemic areas should be aware of unusual and novel presentations such as fulminant hepatic failure, splenomegaly, and myocarditis also.
Association of feeding practices and immunization with nutritional status of infants in jasra block of Allahabad district
Authors: Mishra Mili , Singh Richa , Dwivedi S , Hassan M A , Parveen K , Khan M A 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective was to find the association of feeding practices and immunization with nutritional status of infants in Jasra Block of Allahabad district. Materials and Methods: A cohort study was conducted in a rural community among infants born during the period of November 2011 to April 2012. Information, Education and Counselling was given to their mothers starting from last 3 months of pregnancy and continued till the newborns completed 1-year of age. Then feeding practices, immunization, and nutritional status (in terms of weight for age) was assessed. Results: About 56.25% infants were exclusively breastfed and 53.75% infants were timely started on complementary feeding. 87.5% infants were fully immunized and the rest 12.5% were partially immunized. Growth of more than half of the infants, i.e., 47 (60%) followed a normal growth curve and weight of 33 (40%) infants was below 2 standard deviation. There was no significant difference between the mean weight at birth (i.e., 2.56 kg for infants with adequate feeding and immunization practices and 2.51 kg for infants with inadequate immunization and feeding practices). On the other hand, difference in the mean weight among two groups at 3, 6, and 9 months was statistically significant. Conclusion: Feeding practices and immunization have an association with nutritional status of infants in terms of better weight for age.
A study to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents of children with epilepsy
Authors: Manju V M , Joshi Poonam , Gulati Shefali 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of parents of children with epilepsy toward the disease. Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, parents of 60 children with epilepsy from pediatric neurology clinic of All India Institute of Medical Sciences were enrolled. Data on epilepsy were collected using pre-tested and validated self-developed knowledge, belief, and attitude questionnaire (?=0.85, 0.89). Results: The mean knowledge and attitude scores of parents of the children with epilepsy were9.82±3.9 (2-22) and 31.25±9.27 (0-40), respectively. Parents of the children with epilepsy had poor 50 (83.3%, scores <60%) to fair knowledge scores (60-70%). Majority of the parents 33 (55%) had excellent attitude (?80%), while 11 (18.3%), 6 (10%), and 10 (16.7%) parents had good, fair, and poor attitude, respectively. Correlation between knowledge and attitude was found to be very weak and negative (r=?0. 039, p=0.77) with few misconception related to disease and clear idea about the activities to be performed with/without caution. Conclusion: There is a need for developing informational booklet and conducting educational sessions on epilepsy for the parents in particular and public in general.
Knowledge, awareness, and practice of postnatal care among mothers
Authors: Purani Charul , Patel Purvi , Gupta Kirti , Mehariya K M , Holda Ahesanali 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective was to study the knowledge, awareness, and practices regarding the postnatal care among the mothers. Design and Setting: A pre-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge and awareness of postnatal care in mothers at a tertiary care center. The questionnaire was given after stabilization between 1 and 5 days of the postnatal period. Materials and Methods: Totally, 200 postnatal mothers (18-35 years) out of 540 mothers who were given antenatal and postnatal education in our antenatal care center were selected. Study Period: June 2013-September 2013. Results: Knowledge of mothersregarding breastfeeding practices (78%), thermal care (89%), skin and eye care (72%) was good. They have poor knowledge regarding dangers of pre-lacteal feeds (45%), timing of first bath after birth (60%), umbilical cord care (60%), and vaccination (36%). About 32% of them are practicing oil instillation into nostrils while 44% of mothers were intended to use gripe water for infantile colic. Conclusion: The study highlights that there is vital need to improve the knowledge and awareness in the society regarding communitybased newborn care. We should also strive toward helping removing myths and wrong practices, which are rampant in the community.
Isolated congenital absent aortic valve cusps in a fetus: A case report
Authors: Sivanandam S , Mackey-Bojack S M 
Published: June 2020

Congenital absence of aortic valve cusps is an extremely rare congenital heart malformation. The absence of aortic valve cusps leads to severe aortic regurgitation with resultant rapid and progressive heart failure and growth retardation in the fetus. Congenital absence of the aortic leaflets in association with other cardiac defects has been reported in the literature, but the isolated anomaly is not reported yet. We present a case of a fetus with isolated congenital severe aortic regurgitation from absent aortic cusps and pathological specimen of this rare entity.
Association between Takayasu’s arteritis and active tuberculosis in a child: A case report
Authors: Koreti Sunita , Verma Y S , Patel G S 
Published: June 2020

Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) is an autoimmune disease that affects large arteries. A possible relationship between TA and tuberculosis (TB) has been suggested as both diseases have similar chronic inflammatory lesions and occasionally granulomas in the arterial walls. TA commonly presents with cardiac involvement and rarely with sole presentation of ischemic stroke. Response with anti-tubercular drugs and steroid has been well-documented. Only a few studies have been published on TA with TB in children. We present a case of a 9-yearold boy who was presented with low-grade fever, persistent headache, vomiting, and abnormal body movements and on further workup was diagnosed as a case of active TB with TA.
Rasmussen encephalitis: A case report
Authors: Gupta Rimzim , Bhargava Rashi , Gupta Rajesh Kumar , Gupta Prem Prakash 
Published: June 2020

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a chronic focal encephalitis involving single cerebral hemisphere characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction and intractable seizures. The cause is mostly unknown but proposed to be associated with immune-mediated and associated with viral infections. We report a case of RE following exanthematous illness clinically diagnosed as chickenpox.
Impact of training on community health worker regarding newborn care
Authors: Nahrel Rakesh , Kosam Ajay , Thakur Hemlata , Pandey Sachin 
Published: June 2020

Background: In India, an estimated four million deaths occur each year in the neonatal period. Effective intervention at primary care level can prevent a large proportion of these deaths. Objective: To assess the impact of training on knowledge and skill regarding newborn care among Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM). Methods: A total of 180 ANMs who attended skilled birth attendant training program under RCH were included in the study. The study was conducted over a period of 2 years from May 2013 to June 2015. A 14 training sessions each lasting for 15 days were conducted in 2 years and each session had a batch of 12-15 ANMs. They were assessed for the impact of training at the end of training on semi-structured and pretested schedule. Results: The knowledge of health workers related to the care of a newborn at birth was not adequate. An average of 94.8 ANMs responded correctly to pre-test questions whereas after training there was a significant improvement in the post-test score. After training an average of 160.5 ANMs (p=0.001) responded correctly. A mean of 84 ANMs had adequate knowledge related to danger signs in the neonatal period before training. Aftertraining significant number of ANMs (mean=156, p=0.002) responded correctly. Baseline knowledge related to feeding of the newborn was also inadequate (mean=120), but after training there was a significant improvement, 164 ANMs respond correctly (p=0.02). Conclusion: Knowledge of ANMs in the rural area regarding essential newborn care is inadequate. The training of health workers need to be remodeled and updated to improve neonatal outcome.
Maternal and fetal factors affecting birth length of healthy newborn babies: An observational study
Authors: Dwivedi Deepak , Verma Amit 
Published: June 2020

Background: Length is an important neonatal measurement at birth. Many studies in the past have analyzed the birth weight and factors affecting it but studies that investigated the relationship between maternal factors and birth length are scarce and inconsistent. Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim to estimate the effect of maternal and fetal factors on birth length in singleton pregnancy. Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center in central India during February 2012. Of 450 deliveries, 191 newborns were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. The weight of the baby was takenby electronic weighing scale, and length was taken with infantometer. Babies were divided into two groups based on Fenton’s chart, and Group A had babies with birth length <3rd centile and Group B had babies with birth length >3rd centile. The effects of factors such as maternal age, weight during last trimester of pregnancy, education, maternal and paternal height, parity, socioeconomic status, occupation, and residence were assessed. Fetal factors such as birth weight, sex, and birth order were assessed. Results: On analysis of data, it was found that maternal weight (p<0.001), maternal height (p<0.001), and occupation (p=0.04) was significantly associated with the length of the babies. The incidence of low birth length was lesser (53.37%) among housewives as compared to working mothers (72.09%) with p<0.05. Socioeconomic status, paternal height, and parity had no significant relationship with birth length. On analysis of fetal factors, birth weight (p<0.001) and head circumference (<0.001) were significantly associated with birth length. Conclusions: It may be concluded that length at birth may be influenced by factors such as maternal weight and occupation, which indirectly show the nutritional status of the mother.
Study of acute phase reactants in children with sepsis, with special reference to C-reactive protein and procalcitonin
Authors: Murthy G R Rajashekara , Pradeep R , Sanjay K S , Kumar Vinay , Sreenivas S K 
Published: June 2020

Background: Several inflammatory markers have failed to meet the requirements for an early diagnosis of sepsis in children. Study results and trends show that measurement of the combination of biochemical markers offers the best prospects for research on early diagnosis of sepsis. Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) as markers of early sepsis in pediatric patients. Methods: All the hospitalized children aged more than 28 days with clinically suspected sepsis, as per the definition given by International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference, were selected. The patients were divided into two groups; one with culture proven sepsis and the other with culture negative sepsis. CRP and PCT levels were measured at the time of admission and 48 h after admission. Results: A 40 patients were studied, out of that 15 had culture positive and 25 had culture negative sepsis. The mean PCT level was significantly higher at admission than at 48 h after admission, and the mean CRP level was significantly lower at admission than at 48 h after admission indicating PCT as early marker of sepsis. Conclusion: CRP and PCT levels have favorable test performance in differentiating between culture positive and culture negative sepsis. PCT is earlier to rise compared to CRP and PCT is best in predicting the severity followed by CRP.
Congenital epulis: A rare benign baby lump
Authors: Xavier Rose , Ajitha M , Manoj V C 
Published: June 2020

Congenital epulis is a rare congenital tumor affecting the oral mucosa. It is usually seen in females and has no known syndromic association. It may cause the interference to feeding or airway obstruction, thus presenting as an emergency. Visually, it causes a lot of undue stress and anxiety to the parents and relatives. Multiple epulis occurs only in 10% of cases. Recurrence of the tumor, malignant change, or damage to dentition is not seen post-excision. Clinicians, particularly those working in the tertiary health care facilities, should be aware of this benign and easily treatable tumor of the neonate.
Aseptic nonunion of pediatric subtrochanteric fracture: A case report
Authors: Dharmshaktu Ganesh Singh , Roy Anshuman Vijay 
Published: June 2020

Nonunion of pediatric fractures related to the extracapsular proximal femur is a rare event if managed appropriately. Varus malposition renders increased stress over the fracture site leading to failure of the sound union. Management of such fractures is difficult owing to limited implant choices and presence of adjacent open physes. Open reduction and freshening of edges, removal of fibrous tissue, internal fixation with intra, or extramedullary implants, and a compliant follow-up are keys to the good functional outcome.
Temporal lobe involvement: A diagnostic challenge in Japanese encephalitis
Authors: Rajashekarmurthy G R , Keshavamurthy M L , Panigrahic Nikitha Kumari , Basavaraja G V , Srinivas S K 
Published: June 2020

Japanese encephalitis (JE) and herpes encephalitis are the most common endemic and sporadic encephalitis, respectively. A 10-yearold boy, presented with features suggestive of viral meningoencephalitis, had neuroimaging suggestive of herpes encephalitis, but cerebrospinal fluid serology was positive of JE. Temporal lobe involvement in JE may cause problems in differentiating it from herpes encephalitis, which highlights the importance of both neuroimaging and serology for a complete diagnosis.
Prevalence and risk factors of diarrhea morbidity among under-five children in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ganguly Enakshi , Sharma Pawan K , Bunker Clareann H 
Published: June 2020

Background: Acute diarrhea accounts for a huge burden of infectious diseases in under-five children. Objective: This systematic review was carried out to study the prevalence and associated risk factors of diarrhea among Indian children aged <5 years. Methods: Papers were identified by a comprehensive electronic search of relevant medical subject heading (MeSH) terms in PubMed. Identified articles were independently reviewed against inclusion/exclusion criteria and rated for quality. 15 articles were abstracted and reviewed to identify the reported prevalence and risk factors for childhood diarrhea. Meta-analysis was done for calculating the pooled prevalence of diarrhea and point estimates of risk factors using random effects model with use of appropriate population weights, and depicted using forest plot. Results: The overall prevalence of diarrhea between 2002 and 2013 was 21.70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.24-34.46). The significantly associated risk factors were malnutrition (odds ratio [OR]: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.53-1.96) and anemia (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.29-2.28) in child, and low socioeconomic status (OR: 7.14, 95% CI: 2.19- 23.32). Age of the child <24 months, not breastfeeding, mothers’ low literacy status and untreated drinking water did not show a significant association. Sex of the child, religion, higher education of mothers, and seasonality were found to be inconsistentlyassociated in single studies. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is sufficient evidence on the association of childhood diarrhea with socio-demographic factors, but evidence on other contributory factors including breastfeeding and vaccination is inconclusive. There is need to conduct more analytical studies on lesser known risk factors of diarrhea to establish their risk factors in Indian children.