bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-medication practices of over the counter analgesics among first and third semester undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care medical college, Jharkhand
Authors: Kumari Kusum , Gari Manju , Toppo Mary Sunita , Soreng Ira Anupama , . Priyanki 
Published: November 2019

Background: Self-medication is a widely practiced trend in the general Indian population. Among the medical students, self- medication is popular because of awareness about the disease and their treatment. Analgesics are one of the most common drugs used for self-medication. Very few studies are available in Jharkhand regarding this subject. So, the present study aims to delve into the pattern of self-medication practices of analgesics among the 1st and 3rd semester medical students of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand.Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was done in RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India in March-April 2019 among the undergraduate medical students. The results were expressed as percentage and frequency.Results: Out of total 150 and 142 students in the 1st and 3rd semester respectively, 140 and 130 students practiced self- medication. Advice from seniors was the biggest source of information in both the groups followed by internet and books. Paracetamol was the most common drug (75%; 60%) and headache was the most common indication (55%; 68%). Quick relief of symptoms was the most common reason for self-medication in both the groups (44%; 48%).Conclusions: In both the groups, the students continued the drug even after experiencing side effects (77%; 60%). Most students were of the view that such practice is not acceptable at all times (75%; 72%).
Disparity in cost of oral hypoglycemic agents available in Indian market
Authors: Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , . Soni 
Published: November 2019

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable disease worldwide, of which India has been crowned with the title of “diabetes capital of the world”. On an average a person spends 20% of his or her income for the treatment of diabetes per year. So, it’s become very important to conduct a complete cost disparity study among oral hypoglycemic agent available in the market. Information generated from the current analysis, will be helpful to doctors in choosing the right drug for their patient and for the health sector in successfully utilizing the available resources.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of pharmacology AIIMS, Patna 2019. Price of the drugs per tablet/capsule/vial were reviewed from “Current Index of Medical Specialties” January-April 2019 and “Drug Today” October-December, 2018 for analysis of different formulations of oral hypoglycemic agents.Results: The cost of total 16 drugs belonging to 6 different classes, available in 38 different formulations were analyzed. Total 44 different pharmaceutical companies were involved in the manufacture of oral hypoglycemic agents. Overall glibenclamide (5 mg) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg) showed maximum % price variation of 422.79 and 586.27 respectively. Dapagliflozin and canagliflozin both belonging to sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors shows minimum price variation of 9.86 and 0.9 respectively.Conclusions: The current study shows that there is a huge price variation among oral hypoglycemic agents manufactured by different companies and government needs to take essential steps to bring about the uniformity in the price.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults treated in Imo State University teaching hospital Orlu local government area, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: C. Ezeama Martina , E. Enwereji Ezinna 
Published: November 2019

Background: Type 2 diabetes is the result of complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Diabetes epidemic is largely due to unhealthy diet and lifestyles. Dietary composition affects both its development and complications because fatty acids influence glucose metabolism by altering cell membrane function, enzyme activity, insulin signalling, and gene expression. Therefore, replacing saturated fats and trans-fatty acids with unsaturated fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and in reducing the risks of type 2 diabetes. Research has shown that if people with diabetes, together with the health care workers manage diabetes well, that the risk of complications will be greatly reduced or prevented or delayed. This study focused on assessing the prevalence and causes of type 2 diabetes, types of complications patients presented, and the likely preventive interventions given to them in University Teaching Hospital Orlu.Methods: A retrospective study that carried out extensive review of hospital records of adults admitted and treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus from 2015 to 2017 in University Teaching Hospital was done. The review of the adult patients' records lasted for three working weeks. In the review, summaries of causes of diabetes, types of complications and preventive measures health workers provided to the patients were documented.Results: Finding showed that 79 adults made up of 43(54.4%) males and 36(45.6%) female between 41-77 years were admitted and treated for various causes of type 2 diabetes between 2015 and 2017. Most of the patients treated were civil and public servants. The main cause of diabetes mellitus 51(65%) among the patients studied was physical inactivity due to sedentary work. The common complications presented were hypertension, diabetic ulcer, depression and obesity. Health talks and group counselling were the interventions provided. These interventions concentrated on types of healthy dietary intakes and lifestyles the patients should adopt.Conclusions: Regular and sustained health care services that would emphasize healthy diet and lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus should be provided to all patients treated in this hospital. Therefore, obese diabetic patients should be encouraged to engage in physical exercises so as to maintain healthy body weight which is a cornerstone for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Lived Experiences of Undergraduate Medical Students About Hidden Curriculum: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Bigdeli Shoaleh , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Soltani Arabshahi Seyed Kamran , Keshavarzi Mohammad Hasan 
Published: November 2019

The hidden curriculum refers to student experiences that occur outside the formal structure of the curriculum, and especially the messages provided by the education system concerning values, perspectives, behaviors, and attitudes which has a strong influence on students' professional development. This study aimed at explaining the lived experiences of undergraduate medical students about the “hidden curriculum.” This was a qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were medical students of Iran University of Medical Sciences and they were chosen by purposive sampling method based on the inclusion criteria. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 10 students until data saturation, and 7-step Colaizzi's method was utilized for the purposes of analyzing the study findings. In the process of analyzing data from medical students' lived experiences about hidden curriculum, the following three themes were extracted: 1. Conflict in value beliefs (sub-themes: not giving priority to students education, applicability to the clinical practice of basic sciences, attitude towards discipline, professional ethics, justice in evaluation”) 2. Modeling teacher’s communication skills patterns (sub-themes: “teacher-patient relationship,” “teacher -student relationship and professor-colleagues relationship) 3. Effective teaching (sub-themes: “clinical teaching” and “theoretical teaching”). Based on the results of the study, the hidden curriculum has both positive and negative impacts on various aspects of learning, especially the attitudinal domain. Consequently, paying specific attention to hidden curriculums is an absolute need.
© 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Acta Med Iran 2019;57(5):308-315.
Exactitud de la actividad de la telomerasa para el diagnóstico del virus del papiloma humano en mujeres con patología cervical en Armenia, Colombia, 2007
Authors: Ruiz-Hoyos Bayron Manuel , Loango-Chamorro Nelsy , Landázuri Patricia 
Published: November 2019

Introducción: el cáncer de cérvix es un problema mundial de salud pública, con cerca de 500.000 casos diagnosticados anualmente, 68.000 de ellos en América Latina. En Colombia es la neoplasia maligna ginecológica más mortal y la segunda en incidencia después del cáncer de mama. La tasa de falsos negativos de la citología de cérvix es de 20-40%, lo que explica los casos presentes en la población oportunamente tamizada; la tipificación del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y la actividad de la telomerasa son estudios promisorios en el diagnóstico temprano.Objetivo: determinar la exactitud de la actividad de telomerasa al compararla con la PCR para el VPH 16 o 18 en cérvix de mujeres con patología cervical.Materiales y métodos: estudio de exactitud diagnóstica ensamblado en un corte transversal, en 102 mujeres con sospecha de patología cervical que consultaron al Centro de Salud de primer nivel de atención de la Universidad del Quindío en 2007. Se evaluó la sensibilidad y especificidad de la telomerasa y la sensibilidad y especificidad de la PCR del VPH para lesión preneoplásica del cérvix.Resultados: la prevalencia de VPH 16 y 18 fue del 23,5 y 29% respectivamente. La sensibilidad de la telomerasa para el virus 16 fue del 93% con una especificidad del 39%. La sensibilidad de la telomerasa para el virus 18 fue del 96% con una especificidad del 37%.Conclusiones: la telomerasa surge como una prueba diagnóstica promisoria para la detección de los virus VPH 16 y 18.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Gempa Dan Kemampuan Mitigasi Pada Siswa Disabilitas Kota Gorontalo Melalui Program Mie Titi
Authors: Duwingik Reskiyanto Fauzi , P. Kasim Della Nawarita , Ayu Dewi Ayu , Dano Mohamad Aristo , Manyoe Intan Noviantari 
Published: November 2019

Kondisi Kota Gorontalo memiliki tingkat kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap bahaya gempa bumi, oleh karena itu pemahaman tentang gempa bumi perlu dilakukan sejak dini, terutama bagi anak-anak penyandang disabilitas. MIE TITI bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan mitigasi gempabumi bagi siswa disabilitas di SDLB Kota Gorontalo, khususnya tunanetra, tunarungu, dan tunagrahita. Metode yang akan digunakan adalah metode fun learning dengan instrumen yang digunakan berupa MINING (Music Fun Learning), MICARD (Mitigation Flascard), MINAME (Mitigation of Nature Game) dan MIGAS (Mitigation Praise). Sampel sebanyak 34 orang penyandang disabilitas di SDLB Kota Gorontalo yang terdiri dari siswa tunanetra, tunarungu dan tunagrahita. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan gempa dan kemampuan mitigasi gempa pada siswa disabilitas dimana pada anak tunanetra sebesar 50% dan 35%, tunarungu sebesar 45% dan 55%, dan tunagrahita sebesar 3% dan 2%.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Mitigasi, Gempa, Fun Learning, Disabilitas, Gorontalo.
Pemberian Mulsa dan Penguat Teras Pada Tiga Jenis Tanaman Terhadap Limpasan Permukaan, Erosi, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Pada Tanah Andisol
Authors: Suyana Jaka , Sumarno Sumarno , Supriyono Supriyono , Lestariningsih Nanik Puji 
Published: November 2019

<p>Erosion is the main factor causing land degradation in area of planting vegetables dominated by Andisol soil. Andisol soil contains more fraction of dust so it is easily transported by runoff. This study aim to determine the influence of mulching corn stem with a terrace strengthen (<em>Vetiveria zizanioides, </em>Coix<em> lacryma-jobi </em>L., <em>Panicum muticum, </em><em>Annona squamosa</em>) to surface runoff, erosion, growth and result of plant (red lentils, cabbage and white lentils) in Andisol soil. This study uses a randomized complete block design with four (4) treatment and repeated three (3) times as a group so that there are twelve (12) experimental unit. The grouping based on kinds of plant that are cabbage, red lentils and white lentils. The results showed that MS4 treatment (mulch corn stem twelve (12) ton/ha with <em>panicum muticum</em>+<em> Annona squamosa</em> as terrace strengthen) produces smallest of surface run off, erosion and dry weight of weeds, increased growth and canopy and increased crop yields 40.27% of red lentils, 57.10% of cabbage and 14.54% of white lentils.</p>
Modified Lemaire Lateral Extra-Articular Tenodesis Augmentation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Jesani Satyen , Getgood Alan 
Published: November 2019

Background:
A modified Lemaire lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) is a procedure that is designed to address anterolateral complex (ALC) deficiency. The procedure is performed as an augmentation to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to reduce anterolateral rotatory laxity. Studies have demonstrated improved rotational control and reduced failure rates of ACLR when LET is added. This is particularly helpful in young patients with high-grade rotatory laxity returning to contact pivoting sport, and in the revision ACLR scenario.

Description:
A 6-cm skin incision is placed just posterior to the lateral epicondyle. The subcutaneous tissue is dissected down to the iliotibial band (ITB). A 1-cm-wide by 8-cm-long strip of the posterior half of the ITB is fashioned, leaving the distal attachment at Gerdy’s tubercle intact. The free end is whipstitched with number-1 Vicryl suture, tunneled deep to the fibular collateral ligament (FCL), and attached to the metaphyseal flare of the lateral femoral condyle at the insertion of the distal Kaplan fibers of the ITB. Fixation is performed with a staple, with the graft tensioned to no more than 20 N (by simply holding it taut and not “tensioned”), with the knee held at 60° of flexion and neutral rotation of the tibia.

Alternatives:
A number of procedures to address ALC deficiency have been described. The most common methods currently are variations of the ITB LET (Lemaire [ITB graft detached proximally, passed under the FCL, and attached to the femur] or Ellison [ITB graft detached distally, passed deep to the FCL, and reattached at Gerdy’s tubercle]) or anterolateral ligament reconstructions. No clinical studies have been performed that demonstrate that one technique is superior to another.

Rationale:
Current ACLR procedures focus on intra-articular graft placement to replace the ACL. Unfortunately, high rates of graft failure and persistent rotatory laxity (pivot shift) have been observed, particularly in young, high-demand individuals returning to contact pivoting sport. ALC deficiency has been shown to be a major cause of high-grade anterolateral rotatory laxity. The LET procedure is therefore designed to augment ACLR and reduce anterolateral rotation. The aim of adding LET to ACLR is to reduce the strain on the ACLR graft, reduce the prevalence of the pivot shift, and thereby potentially reduce the rate of ACLR graft failure.
Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Use Among Undergraduate Students at Chirunga College, Malawi.
Authors: Kuyokwa John , Chiziwa Symon Ernest , Semphere Nertha 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of use of psychoactive substances among undergraduate students at Chirunga College in Malawi. The study was guided by Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour. Mixed research methodologies were used, in which both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were employed in data generation and analysis. SPSSv20 and Excel were used in quantitative data analysis and qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study involved 147 participants and the findings revealed that (34%) of students used psychoactive substances. It recommends that undergraduate students who use psychoactive substances like any other user of these substances, require help. Accordingly, as an institution of higher learning, Chirunga College has to take the necessary steps to address this problem; including introducing counselling and psychotherapy services at the institution
Munsaka, E., & Kalinde, B. (2017) Laying the foundation for optimal outcomes in Early Childhood, University of Zambia Press, Lusaka, 172 pp. (A5), $12.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-9982-02-099-1
Authors: Walubita Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

Although the provision of quality early childhood education has been acknowledged as important both in the local and international development literature, there are few books that have been written on early childhood education in Zambia. The current review of a 161 paged A5 paperback bound book entitled “laying the foundation for optimal outcomes in early childhood education” co-authored by Ecloss Munsaka and Bibian Kalinde is one of the first attempts to scrutinise latest resources on early childhood education challenges and prospects in Zambia. The review is timely as it responds to the recent integration of early childhood education in the mainstream Zambian education system. The review has critically examined chapters’ one up to six. The implications of the book in early childhood education practice in Zambia have been discussed.
Study protocol of a randomised controlled feasibility study of food related computerised attention training versus mindfulness-training and waiting list control for adults with overweight or obesity
Authors: Beivide Daniela Mercado , Werthmann Jessica , Campbell Iain C , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Obesity is a highly prevalent condition with multiple adverse health consequences. Widely available first-line treatments for obesity, such as dietary and other lifestyle interventions, typically have only short-term effects. Thus, new treatment approaches are needed. Novel interventions such as Attention Bias Modification Training (ABMT) and Mindfulness Based Interventions focus on modifying different maladaptive cognitive patterns typically present in people with obesity (e.g. attention bias to food cues), however, their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. We describe the theoretical basis and the rationale for a study protocol of a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing two attention trainings (ABMT vs Mindfulness Training [MT]) in people with overweight or obesity. The aim of this study is to inform the development of a large scale RCT in relation to acceptability and attendance rates and to identify preliminary evidence for the interventions’ clinical efficacy and potential underlying mechanisms.
Design: Forty-five adults who are either overweight or obese (minimum body mass index of 25 kg/m2) will be randomly allocated to receive eight sessions over eight weeks of either computerised ABMT or MT or be on a waiting list. Clinical and cognitive outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment (8 weeks) and follow-up (12 weeks post-randomisation). These include mood, body composition and attention biases. Credibility and acceptability of the trainings will be assessed using questionnaires, and recruitment and retention rates will be recorded.
Discussion: Findings will inform the feasibility of developing a large scale RCT that takes into consideration effect sizes for primary outcome measures and the acceptability of the design. The study will also provide preliminary evidence on the clinical efficacy of two different attention trainings for people with obesity and their underlying mechanisms.
Trial registration: ISRCTN15745838. Date of registration: 22nd May 2018
Keywords: Obesity, Attention Trainings, Mindfulness, Attention Bias, Trial
Comparative metabolome analysis of serum changes in sheep under overgrazing or light grazing conditions
Authors: Zhang Jize , Gao Yang , Guo Huiqin , Ding Yong , Ren Weibo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background

Overgrazing is a primary contributor to severe reduction in forage quality and production in Inner Mongolia, leading to extensive ecosystem degradation, sheep health impairment and growth performance reduction. However, no clear information about the effect of overgrazing on sheep health and nutritional metabolism is available because no objective serum biomarkers are currently evident. We hereby hypothesize that reduced sheep growth performance under overgrazing conditions would be associated with metabolic and immune response alterations. This study used an untargeted metabolomics analysis by conducting ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) of sheep serum under overgrazing and light grazing conditions to identify metabolic disruptions in response to overgrazing.Results

The sheep body weight gains as well as serum biochemical variables associated with immune responses and nutritional metabolism (immunoglobulin G, albumin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids) were significantly decreased with overgrazing than under the light grazing condition. In contrast, other serum parameters such as alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and interleukin-8 were markedly higher in the overgrazing group. Principal component analysis discriminated the metabolomes of the light grazing from the overgrazing group. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed alternations in the serum concentrations of 15 metabolites (9 metabolites exhibited a marked increase, whereas 6 metabolites showed a significant decrease) in the overgrazing group. Major alterations of fatty acid oxidation, bile acid biosynthesis, and purine and protein metabolism were observed.Conclusions

These findings offer metabolic evidence for putative biomarkers for overgrazing-induced changes in serum metabolism. Target-identification of these particular metabolites may potentially increase our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of altered immune responses, nutritional metabolism, and reduced sheep growth performance under overgrazing conditions.
Predicting peripartum blood transfusion: focusing on pre-pregnancy characteristics
Authors: Ouh Yung-Taek , Lee Kyu-Min , Ahn Ki Hoon , Hong Soon-Cheol , Oh Min-Jeong , Kim Hai-Joong , Han Sung Won , Cho Geum Joon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Obstetric hemorrhage is one of the most common causes of obstetrical morbidity and mortality, and transfusion is the most important management for hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to investigate the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy risk factors for peripartum transfusion.
Methods: Women who delivered a baby from 2010 to 2014 in Korea and participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children were included. To analyze pre-pregnant risk factors for peripartum transfusion, an additional analysis was done for women who underwent a National Health Screening Examination within one year before pregnancy, including maternal waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, laboratory tests and history of smoking. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk factors for peripartum transfusion.
Results: Of the total 1,980,126 women who met the inclusion criteria, 36,868 (1.86%) were transfused at peripartum. In a multivariable regression model, the pregnancy risk factors for peripartum transfusion included maternal age above 35 years [odds ratio (OR): 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.50], preterm birth (OR: 2.39; 95% CI: 2.15–2.65), and maternal hypertension (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 2.24–2.77). Pre-pregnancy risk factors including fasting glucose level of more than 126 mg/dL (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.20), current-smoker status (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.37), and waist-circumference less than 80 cm (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06–1.30) were independently associated with peripartum blood transfusion.
Conclusions: Several pre-pregnancy and pregnancy risk factors were associated with peripartum blood transfusion. Some identified factors are modifiable before conception, and our study validated peripartum blood transfusion as a form of triage.
Keywords: Peripartum, Blood transfusion, Postpartum hemorrhage