bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial sector development convergence in Africa: Evidence from bank- and market-based measures
Authors: Sare Yakubu Awudu , Opoku Eric Evans Osei , Ibrahim Muazu , Koomson Isaac 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we employ data from 46 African countries over the period 1980–2014 to examine financial sector development convergence, using bank- and market-based measures of financial development. Within the framework of the generalized method of moments (GMM), we present evidence that both the bank– and market–based financial sector development in Africa diverge over time. However, we find strong evidence of financial development divergence when using bank-based financial sector development indicators whereas this evidence is weaker for market-based indicators. Given the divergence in the level of finance, the gap between countries with underdeveloped and well–developed financial markets will continue to widen as financially less developed countries do not appear to catch-up with the financially more developed economies. Keywords: Financial development; divergence, convergence, AfricaJEL Classification: F15, F36, G01, O55
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its different components in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Jain Gaurav , More Balaji D. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Several components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) are risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and its components in patients with CAD.Methods: Author included all patients admitted with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), who had CAD confirmed by coronary angiography. They were divided into two groups according to presence or absence of MetS based on International Diabetes Federation criteria. The prevalence of MetS and its individual components was estimated.Results: It was observed that there is a high prevalence of MetS (66%) in patients admitted with ACS. Metabolic syndrome is more prevalent in female patients (82.4%) than in male patients (57.6%) with ACS. Hypertension is the most prevalent (87.9) component of MetS. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the 2nd most prevalent (83.3%) component of MetS. About 65.2% patients with MetS had abnormally raised triglyceride levels and 32(48.5%) had abnormally low HDL-cholesterol level. Among the MetS 38(57.6%) had abnormal waist circumference. Among the study group, the most common triad of MetS components was DM + HTN + abnormal TG. There is significant association between MetS and microalbuminuria, with incidence of 22(33.3%) in this study. Similarly, a significant association between DM and microalbuminuria, 23(33.8%) was observed.Conclusions: This study confirms a very high prevalence of MetS in Indian patients with CAD. The prevalence of the risk factors was higher in CAD patients with MetS.
THE NOUN6 “CENTURY” IN N. YAZYKOV'S POETIC WORLD
Authors: Gok Erdogan , Konstantinovna Lukoyanova Yulia , Nikolaevna Brenchugina-Romanova Anna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purposes: The article is devoted to the study of the semantics and the compatibility features of the temporal lexeme "century" in N. M. Yazykov's works, a poet of romanticism period, and A. Pushkin's contemporary.
Methodology: They determined the specificity of its functioning in the poet's work. The word "century" is used by N.M. Yazykov in the following meanings: ‘time, the period of time; modern poet’s society’, ‘long time’, ‘life expectancy of a person’, life, the period of someone’s existence’.
Results: In the first meaning, the word "century" is used both in the singular and in the plural form. Characterizing a certain period in the life of society, the word century, which is stylistically neutral, is able to appear in various phrases containing a qualitative assessment due to the events occurring during this period. Figurative uses are of interest: personifications, individual-author detailed metaphors, which include the noun "century".
Implications/Applications: A characteristic feature of the word "century" is its ability to appear in a broader sense "for a long time", in some contexts it approaches the semantics of ‘eternity’.
Novelty: Based on the analysis of the word "century" compatibility in the poetry by N.M. Yazykov, we can conclude that the poet was ironic about the orders that prevailed in his modern society. The study of the features of temporary lexeme use in poetic creativity allows us to determine the specifics of time perception by the poet, contributes to the study of N.M. Yazykov's linguistic picture of the world.
Implications/Applications: This article will help the student to promotability of giving a speech.
Novelty/Originality: At the same time, being a type of speech activity, foreign language communication in the process of training solves, in turn, educational and development tasks by means of a foreign language sign system, where the whole set of speech actions of the individual is actually present.
MEDIATION AS ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION: LEGAL ANALYSIS, FOREIGN PRACTICE, AND PERSPECTIVES IN RUSSIA
Authors: A. Sungatullina Lilia , R. Izmailov Robert , V. Mikhaylov Andrey 
Published: December 2019

Purposes: The article is devoted to the analysis of legal problems of mediation as an alternative way to resolve disputes. The article examines the Russian and foreign experience in the legal regulation of mediation.
Methodology: The use and adaptation of foreign experience in applying the mediation procedure are aimed at increasing the speed of dispute resolution, the level of confidentiality and the ability to maintain partnerships. The authors suggest ways to improve the effectiveness and applicability of this procedure in practice. According to Sungatullina L.A., it seems efficient and promising to use alternative methods for resolving disputes in general and to apply the mediation procedure in particular. Izmailov R.R. He believes that the experience of using mediation techniques has shown its effectiveness in resolving various categories of disputes: labor, family, corporate, business conflicts, as well as in the field of housing relations. Mikhailov A.V. notes that the effectiveness of the mediation process largely depends on the implementation at all stages of the basic principles.
Results: The authors conclude that it is advisable to apply mediation to disputes arising from administrative and other public relations. As one of the ways to improve the legislative regulation of mediation, it is proposed to consider the possibility of introducing a notarial certification of mediation agreements.
Implications/Applications: Alternative dispute resolution is a set of procedures that facilitate non-judicial dispute resolution. In English practice, it is indicated by the steady turnover of Alternative dispute resolution (hereinafter - ADR). Different non-judicial forms of resolution of a case are referred to ADR in different countries. As a rule, three well-known forms are called: arbitration, mediation, and negotiations.
Novelty/Originality: The novelty of this study in classifying the mediation techniques.
Notas sobre a arquitetura principiológica humanista e social da Constituição da República de 1988 e a concretização dos direitos fundamentais no constitucionalismo contemporâneo: uma abordagem sob o prisma dos direitos individuais e sociais trabalhistas
Authors: Delgado Maurício Godinho , Alvarenga Rubia Zanotelli de , Guimarães Tâmara Matias 
Published: December 2019

A evolução dos modelos de Estado foi marcada por fortes mudanças na relação existente entre Estado e sociedade. A constitucionalização de direitos de liberdade, a partir da criação do Estado de Direito, bem como a inovação na organização política, com a delimitação do poder estatal, marcaram o primeiro paradigma do constitucionalismo, deflagrado na Grã Bretanha na segunda metade do século XVII e, tempos depois, nos EUA e França, no final do século XVIII, representando, até hoje, relevância na ordem constitucional. Todavia, questões histórico-políticas demonstraram a necessidade de se erigirem direitos sociais, os quais, por fim, deflagraram o marco do segundo paradigma do constitucionalismo – o Estado Social, a contar das Constituições da segunda década do século XX, do México (1917) e da Alemanha (1919). O Estado Democrático de Direito, por sua vez - terceiro paradigma do constitucionalismo, inaugurado pelas Constituições da Europa Ocidental aprovadas depois da Segunda Grande Guerra (França, Itália, Alemanha, Portugal e Espanha, especialmente) e incorporado pela Constituição do Brasil de 1988 -, manteve os avanços alcançados até então, com o diferencial de conferir normatividade aos princípios. Assim, verifica-se a importância dos princípios jurídicos na construção dos direitos fundamentais, bem como a importância dessa categoria de direitos individuais e sociais na manutenção e aperfeiçoamento do Estado Democrático de Direito. A concretização dos direitos fundamentais encontra diversos obstáculos que devem ser analisados a fim de se encontrarem soluções aptas a possibilitar a concretização do princípio da máxima efetividade das normas constitucionais e do mínimo existencial por meio da ponderação de princípios.
Innovation and institutional quality: Evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Baris Serap 
Published: December 2019

Focusing the effect of innovations on economic growth, the literature has not adequately cared about what determines the innovations or innovative capacity. However, policy makers and business leaders have accepted the need for creating platforms and institutions that promote innovative activities since it was accepted that innovations were the basic key to economic growth. This study focuses on the effect of institutions or institutional quality on the innovations. In this study where OECD countries have been selected as the sampling (1996â€“2015 period) and World Bankâ€™s Worldwide Governance Indicators represent institutional quality while the number of patent application represents the innovation, the effect of institutional quality on the innovations has been examined through the methods of panel data analysis. Innovation is positively related to voice and accountability, political stability and rule of law while it is negatively related to control of corruption. Moreover, there has been no relationship determined between government effectiveness and regulatory quality and innovation. Findings of this study suggest that it is highly difficult to state what is the net effect of institutional quality on the innovations.
Keywords: Governance, innovation, institutions, institutional quality, patent, panel data analysis.
Effectiveness of internal control system in higher learning institution, in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Tenbele Negede Tesfay 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the internal control system in the Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA). And, therefore, the specific objectives are to assess the effectiveness of elements of the internal control system in the CUEA, which are control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication activities and monitoring activities. The study used a descriptive research design, and a sample of 53 administrative staffs was selected using a stratified sampling technique. Data collected via questionnaire were analysed by employing a descriptive statistics that contains frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The validity and reliability of the instruments were assured using the piloting and Cronbach Alpha technique. The study found that solely control the environment of the institution was effective to a great extent, but, the four elements of its internal control system were effective to a moderate extent. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the institution had an internal control system to a moderate extent proved by a mean of 3.4. This suggests that in spite of the institution designed its control environment to a great extent its policies and procedures werenâ€™t enforced and monitored to a very great or great extent. Thus, the study recommended that the institution needs more effective implementation and monitoring of its policies and procedures and creating proper risk assessment to improve its internal control system.
Keywords: Effective, financial, internal control system, managements.
Clinical Validation of the Nursing Outcome “Pain: Disruptive Effects” in People With Chronic Pain in Spain
Authors: Pancorbo-Hidalgo Pedro Luis , Bellido-Vallejo José Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Background and PurposeThe measurement of the effects of chronic pain on the patients is a challenge for nurses. The purpose was to translate into Spanish and to assess the psychometrics of the indicators of the nursing outcome “Pain: disruptive effects.”MethodsA three-stage study: (a) translation and cultural adaptation, (b) content validation, (c) clinical validation in 10 healthcare centers.ResultsThe Spanish version of the outcome “Pain: disruptive effects” has high content validity (CVI = .90) with 17 indicators organized into three factors. The Inter-observer agreement was good (kappa = .66) and the internal consistency high (alpha = .90).ConclusionsThe 17 indicators of the outcome “Pain: disruptive effects” has evidence of reliability and validity for assessing the harmful effects of chronic pain.
Construct Validation of the Mealtime Relational Care Checklist for Individual Resident Use in Long-Term Care
Authors: Iuglio Sabrina , Chaudhury Habib , Lengyel Christina , Morrison Jill , Boscart Veronique , Carrier Natalie , Keller Heather 
Published: December 2019

Background and PurposeTo determine the construct validity of the Mealtime Relational Care Checklist (M-RCC) when used with individual residents.MethodsData was collected from 639 residents from 32 long-term care homes; M-RCC was completed at three meals for each resident and averaged. Bivariate analyses determined associations between the M-RCC and other resident level and dining room level measures.ResultsResident M-RCC was positively and significantly (p< .05) associated with three of five summary scales from Dining Environment Audit Protocol and Meal Time Scan as well as resident malnutrition risk (rs= 0.23). M-RCC was negatively associated with protein intake (gram per kilogram body weight;rs= -0.13) and Cognitive Performance Score (t-value = 4.48).ConclusionsThe resident level M-RCC was significantly associated with other measures in expected directions demonstrating construct validity.
Contextual Influences Experienced by Queensland Midwives: A Qualitative Study Focusing on Alcohol and Other Substance Use During Pregnancy
Authors: Whitehead Rosie , O'Callaghan Frances , Gamble Jenny , Reid Natasha 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSETo understand the experiences and contextual factors that influence the ability of midwives to provide appropriate support to women regarding alcohol and other drug (AOD)e use during pregnancy, in the Queensland context.DESIGNUsing a qualitative approach underpinned by critical realism, we explored the experiences of eleven midwives using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized, which was inductive and deductive, as it aimed to explicate different contextual factors at play, based on the experiences of the current sample of midwives.MAJOR FINDINGSExperiences of midwives in the current study were influenced by five overarching contextual factors: (a) patient-level factors (complexities experienced by women and lack of knowledge regarding maternity care options); (b) provider/patient-level factors (importance of midwives building relationships with women and importance of continuity of care); (c) provider-level factors (importance of taking a supportive approach, midwife confidence, engagement in AOD screening, variable attitudes and knowledge); (d) organizational-level factors (lack of support and training, concerns regarding communication, time constraints and organizations that limited midwife involvement); (e) broader system-level factors (lack of effective services and inconsistent messages regarding AOD use during pregnancy).CONCLUSIONSThe current study has highlighted a range of practice areas and potential implementation strategies across a number of contextual levels that could be beneficial in the Queensland context to improve maternity care provision for women who are experiencing AOD use challenges during pregnancy.
Увођење услуга за особе са оштећеним видом – искуства Универзитетске библиотеке „Никола Тесла“ у Нишу
Authors: Jančić Snežana 
Published: December 2019

Пружање услуга особама са инвалидитетом представља важан сегмент рада у библиотекама. У тексту је описан процес увођења сервиса за кориснике са оштећеним видом у Универзитетској библиотеци „Никола Тесла“ у Нишу. Укључивањем у TEMPUS пројекат Једнак приступ за све: оснаживање социјалне димензије у циљу јачања Европског простора високог образовања 2013. године и добијањем асистивне опреме за слепе и слабовиде студенте Универзитета у Нишу, Библиотека почиње да се на организован начин бави њиховим потребама и за њих развија специјализоване услуге. Анализом начина на које се овој категорији корисника могу побољшати услови студирања, упознавањем са правном регулативом, пре свега, у области библиотекарства и заштите ауторских права, успостављањем сарадње са институцијама које такве услуге већ пружају, обуком запослених и израдом упутстава, створене су основе за почетак рада. Од тада су сервиси за слепе и слабовиде, од којих је најзначајније прилагођавање литературе у њима приступачним форматима, постале део стандардних библиотечких услуга.
Mini-Open Achilles Tendon Rupture Repair
Authors: Wagner Emilio , Wagner Pablo 
Published: December 2019

Background:
We present a mini-open Achilles tendon rupture repair technique, which does not open the paratenon and avoids the sural nerve. We perform it to recover the normal working length of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex musculotendinous unit as well as possible, trying to avoid soft-tissue complications.

Description:
This repair is performed via a 3-cm-long incision that is placed 4 cm proximal to the Achilles tendon gap. Through this incision, the interval between the superficial fascia of the leg and the paratenon is developed. Distally, 2 small incisions are made in order to introduce into the calcaneus 2 bone anchors loaded with nonabsorbable sutures. These sutures are retrieved from the distal attachment site through the interval between the fascia and the paratenon with specifically designed suture passers, and obtained through the proximal incision. The sutures are then woven through the proximal stump of the Achilles tendon, the first ones in a Bunnell and the last ones in a crisscross manner, recovering the physiological equinus of the ankle
1
. The fascia and skin are closed appropriately.

Alternatives:
Percutaneous surgical repair techniques.
Open surgical repair techniques.
Orthopaedic nonoperative treatment.

Rationale:
This surgical technique differs from other available mini-open techniques in that it respects the rupture hematoma, accessing the tendon far from the rupture site; it does not violate the paratenon; and because of the placement in a safe anatomical interval, it does not injure the sural nerve. Because of the mini-open approach of the technique, soft-tissue complications are rare, and thus indications for this technique can be expanded over those of open surgical techniques.

Expected Outcomes:
Patients can expect a nearly complete recovery of gastrocnemius-soleus function, after an appropriate rehabilitation period. Soft-tissue complications are rare, and therefore early rehabilitation can be performed. The rehabilitation lasts for 5 months to achieve a high level of physical function. A low rerupture rate (2%) can also be expected
2
. The average return to work is 56 days.

Important Tips:

Try to operate within 10 days of the rupture to avoid scar formation at the rupture site.Plan the surgical procedure according to the level of the rupture in order to ensure the suture passers are long enough to span the rupture site from the proximal incision up to the calcaneus.Ensure the bone anchors are placed in the middle of the total height of the calcaneus, avoiding the enthesis, and align the anchors to be perpendicular to the axis of the calcaneus.Follow the proximal suturing technique in order to obtain the best resistance of the repair. Taking care not to overtighten consecutive sutures, restore the appropriate level of physiological equinus.
Diagnostic evaluation of IgM ELISA and IgM Immunofluorescence assay for the diagnosis of Acute Scrub Typhus in central Nepal
Authors: Gautam Rajendra , Parajuli Keshab , Tshokey Tshokey , Stenos John , Sherchand Jeevan Bahadur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium,Orientia tsutsugamushi. Given their affordability and ease of use, antibody based diagnostic assays can be important diagnostic tools for early detection of scrub typhus fever in resource poor countries like Nepal. Immunochromatography (ICT) and IgM ELISA are two of the routinely employed antibody based assays for diagnosis of Scrub typhus fever in Nepal, although the recommended gold standard diagnostic test is IgM Immunofluorescence assay (IFA). This study evaluated the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect™ Immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA and IgM Immunofluorescence assays in single serum sample at the time of admission. Methodology Study participants (1585 suspected cases), were enrolled based on acute febrile illness with suspected scrub typhus cases in central Nepal from April 2017 to March 2018. Blood sample was collected from the suspected patients of scrub typhus, presenting with acute febrile illness. IgM antibody to Orientia tsusugamushi was detected by using Scrub Typhus Detect™ Kit (In Bios International, USA) and an in-house IgM IFA (Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, Geelong, Australia. The IFA assay was performed with the Gilliam, Karp, Kato strains and O. chuto antigens following the ARRL protocol. Result Statistical analysis of ELISA IgM results when compared to reference test, IgM IFA results demonstrated the following characteristics, sensitivity 84.0% (95%CI: 79.73%-87.68%), specificity 94.82% (95% CI: 93.43%-95.99%), positive likelihood ratio 16.21% (95% CI: 12.71%-20.67%), negative likelihood ratio 0.17% (95% CI: 0.13-0.21%), disease prevalence 22.08% (95% CI: 20.06%-24.21%), positive predictive value 82.12% (95% CI: 78.28-85.42%) and negative predictive value 95.44% (95% CI: 94.27%-96.38%) respectively. Conclusion The study indicated that the IgM ELISA has the sensitivity 84.0% (95% CI: 79.73%-87.68%) and specificity 94.82% (95% CI: 93.43%-95.99%). Although IgM IFA is considered the gold standard test for the diagnosis of scrub typhus cases, it is relatively expensive, requires trained personal and a microscope with fluorescence filters. Scrub typhus IgM ELISA with appropriate OD cut–off values may be the best alternative test and possible viable option for resource limited endemic countries like Nepal.