bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Growing Burden of Disability Related to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Data From the Global Burden of Disease 2007‐2017
Authors: Paik James M. , Golabi Pegah , Younossi Youssef , Srishord Manirath , Mishra Alita , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: December 2020

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The burden of CLD varies according to etiology and geographic location. We assessed the global burden of disability from the most important complications of CLD (cirrhosis and liver cancer [LC]) according to the most common etiologies between 2007 and 2017. We obtained years living with disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL), and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) data from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study. Between 2007 and 2017, LC DALYs decreased by 4.52% and cirrhosis DALYs decreased by 10.58%. Nevertheless, in 2017, CLD caused 62.16 million DALYs (33.4% LC and 66.5% cirrhosis), of which 96.8% came from YLL (34.1% LC and 65.9% cirrhosis) and 3.2% from YLD (11.6% LC and 88.4% cirrhosis). In 2017, Asia accounted for 66% of all DALYs globally. Central Asia, Africa regions, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe had the highest liver‐related DALYs (≥1,000 per 100,000), whereas the lowest rates (≤500 per 100,000) were seen in high‐income regions, such as Asia Pacific, North America, Western Europe, and Australasia. In 2007, hepatitis B virus caused the majority (47.5%) of liver‐related DALYs, followed by hepatitis C virus (23.7%), alcoholic liver disease (14.2%), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH) (6.4%). In 2017, these rates shifted to 45.7%, 24.1%, 4.8%, and 7.1%, respectively. Between 2007 and 2017, cirrhosis‐related DALYs due to NAFLD/NASH increased by 23.4%, whereas the increment was 37.5% for LC‐related DALYs due to NAFLD/NASH. Conclusion: DALYs due to viral hepatitis still account for the largest proportion of CLD‐related DALYs. Although DALYs from all other liver diseases have remained stable in the last decade, DALYs related to NAFLD/NASH are growing. National, regional, and global policies are needed to address the disability burden of NAFLD across the world.
Individual and organizational factors affecting the implementation of Green IT: A case study of an Indian business school
Authors: Nanath Krishnadas , Pillai R. Radhakrishna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGreen Information Technology (Green IT) emerged as a critical research agenda for reducing organizations' carbon footprints to achieve environmental sustainability. This paper aims to understand the factors that affect the adoption of Green Information Technology in the context of a developing country. Studies that have focused on both individual and organizational level factors (multi‐level approach) remain limited. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Technology‐Organization‐Environment (TOE) framework was used as a theoretical lens to address the gap in the literature. The theoretical background and participatory case study (qualitative) as the methodology was used to investigate the factors at multiple levels that could affect Green IT implementation in the developing country context (Indian business school). The findings reveal that three key dimensions affect the implementation of Green IT‐ Need, Scope, and the Inclination to adopt Green IT. Each dimension includes a mix of factors at the individual and organizational levels. This paper contributes to the theory by proposing a framework for multi‐level Green IT adoption. It also provides guidelines to the practitioners for considering the intervention factors at the individual and organizational levels.
Participation in an existing massive open online course in dentistry during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: France Katherine , Hangorsky Uri , Wu Chia‐Wei , Sollecito Thomas P. , Stoopler Eric T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic presented unprecedented challenges and interruptions to education at all levels. As many across the world were required to stay at home, virtual educational resources were developed and relied upon to provide all levels and subjects of instruction. Introduction to Dental Medicine, a massive open online course in dentistry, experienced an increase in enrollment during the start of the pandemic and learners displayed a positive reception to the information provided. Introduction to Dental Medicine was particularly well positioned as a resource during the pandemic given its availability, established nature, and the wide accessibility of course material. As disruptions to normal activities continue, this and other virtual educational methods may continue to play a central role in education and exposure to dentistry.
Is There Really a Creativity Crisis? A Critical Review and Meta‐analytic Re‐Appraisal
Authors: Barbot Baptiste , Said‐Metwaly Sameh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe idea of a “creativity crisis” is widely accepted in the creativity and education literature. Its popular interpretation as a decline in creativity across generations originates from Kim’s (2011) influential analysis of the re‐norming data in the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The present work offers a critical review and reappraises the findings of Kim (2011), while incorporating new data from the latest norming edition of the TTCT. We posit that Kim’s (2011) claim of creativity decline was grounded on problematic empirical decisions, statistical approaches, data representation, and interpretation of findings. Based on a sample of over 330,000 participants across TTCT norming editions, we further present a set of cross‐temporal meta‐analyses to revisit generational trends. These analyses reveal no evidence for the notion of a generational decline of creativity, and even less so, for a “creativity crisis.” We conclude by discussing more broadly how beyond the lack of empirical evidence, the notion of creativity crisis represents a counter‐productive societal and scientific myth. A few directions for the improvement of research and assessment practices in creativity are also discussed.
Raman spectral behavior of N2, CO2, and CH4 in N2–CO2–CH4 gas mixtures from 22°C to 200°C and 10 to 500 bars, with application to other gas mixtures
Authors: Sublett D. Matthew , Sendula Eszter , Lamadrid Hector M. , Steele‐MacInnis Matthew , Spiekermann Georg , Bodnar Robert J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Raman spectral behavior of N2, CO2, and CH4 in ternary N2–CO2–CH4 mixtures was studied from 22°C to 200°C and 10 to 500 bars. The peak position of N2 in all mixtures is located at lower wavenumbers compared with pure N2 at the same pressure (P)–temperature (T) (PT) conditions. The Fermi diad splitting in CO2 is greater in the pure system than in the mixtures, and the Fermi diad splitting increases in the mixtures as CO2 concentration increases at constant P and T. The peak position of CH4 in the mixtures is shifted to higher wavenumbers compared with pure CH4 at the same PT conditions. However, the relationship between peak position and CH4 mole fraction is more complicated compared with the trends observed with N2 and CO2. The relative order of the peak position isotherms of CH4 and N2 in the mixtures in pressure–peak position space mimics trends in the molar volume of the mixtures in pressure–molar volume space. Relationships between the direction of peak shift of individual components in the mixtures, the relative molar volumes of the mixtures, and the attraction and repulsion forces between molecules are developed. Additionally, the relationship between the peak position of N2 in ternary N2–CO2–CH4 mixtures with pressure is extended to other N2‐bearing systems to assess similarities in the Raman spectral behavior of N2 in various systems.
Monitoring the Abundance of Wild and Reintroduced Bilby Populations
Authors: Dziminski Martin A. , Carpenter Fiona M. , Morris Frank 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTMonitoring techniques that are non‐invasive and use evidence of target species presence are particularly useful, especially for rare or highly dispersed species. We developed and tested a technique using DNA extracted from scats in conjunction with spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) analyses to monitor the abundance of greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis) within wild and reintroduced populations in Western Australia, and verified its application against a recently reintroduced founding population. The greater bilby is an iconic threatened species and the focus of conservation management, but no efficient and reliable method to monitor their abundance has been implemented. Estimated abundance using our method (21 ± 5 [SE]), was close to the founding population at Mount Gibson (16). Wild populations monitored from 2013–2018 were relatively small, isolated, and particularly vulnerable to threats; 2 populations were extirpated during this study. A reintroduced population at Matuwa increased sevenfold over 9 years. We demonstrate that when threats are managed appropriately across a large area, and bilbies are reintroduced, they can rapidly increase in number without the need for predator exclusion fencing. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Non‐Ablative 1927 nm Fractional Thulium Fiber Laser: New, Promising Treatment Modality for Riehl's Melanosis
Authors: Kim Su Min , Hwang Shinwon , Almurayshid Abdurrahman , Park Min‐Young , Oh Sang Ho 
Published: December 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe treatment of Riehl's melanosis, also known as pigmented contact dermatitis, is highly challenging. Intense pulsed light (IPL) and 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd:Yag (QS‐Nd:YAG) laser are reported to have some efficacy. However, no single effective treatment has yet been identified. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the non‐ablative 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser (TFL, LASEMD™; Lutronic Corp., Goyang, Korea) for patients with Riehl's melanosis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart and photographic review of nine patients with Riehl's melanosis, who had received at least three sessions of TFL treatment, was performed. Before the start of TFL treatment, combination treatment with a topical cream containing hydroquinone, low‐fluence QS‐Nd:YAG laser, pulsed dye laser, and IPL was used with variable and discouraging effects. Seven patients were treated on the face and two patients on the neck with three to seven sessions at 1‐month intervals. Clinical improvement was assessed using clinical photos taken before and after every treatment session according to dermal pigmentation area and severity index (DPASI) and a quartile grading scale by two blinded dermatologists.ResultsPatients underwent three to seven sessions of TFL treatment depending on severity of pigmentation. Of nine patients, six demonstrated a clinical improvement of 51%–75%, one demonstrated an improvement of 76%–100%, and two showed an improvement of 26%–50% after treatment. The DPASI was significantly decreased from 9.55 to 5.25 on average. Melanin index was decreased after treatment in two patients whose melanin index were measured at initial visits. Treatment‐related adverse events, such as scarring or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), were not observed in all patients except for transient erythema and swelling.ConclusionsThis report suggests that TFL could be an alternative and/or additive treatment option for hyperpigmentation in intractable Riehl's melanosis and might be a promising treatment for PIH caused by any reason including Riehl's melanosis. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Scattering‐Based Light‐Sheet Microscopy for Rapid Cellular Imaging of Fresh Tissue
Authors: Nguyen Christopher D. , O'Neal Patrick K. , Kulkarni Nachiket , Yang Eric , Kang Dongkyun 
Published: December 2020

Background and ObjectivesLight‐sheet microscopy (LSM) is a novel imaging technology that has been used for imaging fluorescence contrast in basic life science research. In this paper, we have developed a scattering‐based LSM (sLSM) for rapidly imaging the cellular morphology of fresh tissues without any exogenous fluorescent dyes.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn the sLSM device, a thin light sheet with the central wavelength of 834 nm was incident on the tissue obliquely, 45° relative to the tissue surface. The detection optics was configured to map the light sheet‐illuminated area onto a two‐dimensional imaging sensor. The illumination numerical aperture (NA) was set as 0.0625, and the detection NA 0.3.ResultsThe sLSM device achieved a light sheet thickness of less than 6.7 µm over 284 µm along the illumination optical axis. The detection optics of the sLSM device had a resolution of 1.8 µm. The sLSM images of the swine kidney ex vivo visualized tubules with similar sizes and shapes to those observed in histopathologic images. The swine duodenum sLSM images revealed cell nuclei and villi architecture in superficial lesions and glands in deeper regions.ConclusionsThe preliminary results suggest that sLSM may have the potential for rapidly examining the freshly‐excised tissue ex vivo or intact tissue in vivo at microscopic resolution. Further optimization and performance evaluation of the sLSM technology will be needed in the future. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Histidine‐Rich Glycoprotein Alleviates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Guo Jie , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Mizuta Yukie , Murata Masaharu , Narahara Sayoko , Kawano Takahito , Nagao Yoshihiro , Zhang Shuo , Tomikawa Morimasa , Kawanaka Hirofumi , Hashizume Makoto 
Published: December 2020

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major complication of liver surgery and transplantation, especially in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanism of NASH susceptibility to IRI has not been fully clarified. We investigated the role of liver‐produced histidine‐rich glycoprotein (HRG) in NASH IRI. A NASH mouse model was established using C57BL/6J mice fed a methionine‐choline–deficient diet (MCDD) for 6 weeks. The MCDD and standard diet groups were exposed to 60 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We further evaluated the impact of HRG in this context using HRG knockdown (KD) mice. IRI increased HRG expression in the standard diet group, but not in the MCDD group after I/R. HRG expression was inversely correlated with neutrophil infiltration and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). HRG KD mice showed severe liver injury with neutrophil infiltration and the formation of NETs. Pretreatment with supplementary HRG protected against I/R with the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration and the formation of NETs. In vitro, hepatocytes showed that the expression of HRG was upregulated under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, but not in response to oleic acid–treated hepatocytes. The decrease in HRG expression in fatty hepatocytes was accompanied by decreased farnesoid X receptor and hypoxia inducible factor 2 alpha subunit expression. HRG is a hepatoprotective factor during hepatic IRI because it decreases neutrophil infiltration and the formation of NETs. The decrease in HRG is a cause of susceptibility to IRI in steatotic livers. Therefore, HRG is a new therapeutic target for minimizing liver damage in patients with NASH.
Active Vitamin D3 Treatment Attenuated Bacterial Translocation via Improving Intestinal Barriers in Cirrhotic Rats
Authors: Lee Pei‐Chang , Hsieh Yun‐Chen , Huo Teh‐Ia , Yang Ueng‐Cheng , Lin Chao‐Hsiung , Li Chung‐Pin , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lin Han‐Chieh , Lee Kuei‐Chuan 
Published: December 2020

ScopePathological bacterial translocation from the disrupted intestinal barrier leads to substantial complications and mortality in liver cirrhosis. Vitamin D is reported as beneficial to gut barriers in some animal models. However, its effect on cirrhotic bacterial translocation is unknown. The authors aim to investigate the effects of calcitriol on bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats.Methods and ResultsCirrhotic rats are administrated with a 2‐week course of active vitamin D3 (calcitriol, 0.1 μg kg−1 per day) or vehicle by oral gavage after thioacetamide (TAA) injection for 16 weeks. Bacterial translocation, gut permeability, gut microbiota, and associated mechanisms are investigated. Calcitriol treatment significantly attenuates bacterial translocation and reduces intestinal permeability in TAA‐induced cirrhotic rats. It upregulates the expressions of occludin in the small intestine and claudin‐1 in the colon of cirrhotic rats directly independent of intrahepatic status. Even when a short period of calcitriol treatment do not reduce intestinal bacterial overgrowth, it induces a remarkable change of bacterial diversities and enrichment of Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidales, Allobaculum, Anaerovorax, and Ruminococcaceae.ConclusionCalcitriol treatment attenuates intestinal permeability, reduces bacterial translocation, and enriches potentially beneficial gut microbiota in cirrhotic rats that may enable it as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent cirrhotic complications.
Who are American evangelical Protestants and why do they matter forUSclimate policy?
Authors: Veldman Robin G. , Wald Dara M. , Mills Sarah B. , Peterson David A. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhite evangelical Protestants are the most skeptical major religious group in the United States regarding climate change. While their position of political influence in the Republican coalition is widely recognised, the full range of effects of this position on evangelicals' climate opinions is not. To move research on evangelicals from the margins of climate change opinion research, we review and integrate the interdisciplinary literature on US evangelicals, climate change, and politics. In assessing this literature, we identify three areas in need of further research. First, there is a critical need for more research on the climate attitudes of evangelicals of color, who comprise a growing share of the evangelical tradition in the US. Second, highlighting the Christian Right's active engagement in the climate debate, we identify a need for more experimental work examining how cues from religious elites may shape evangelicals' opinions. Finally, we suggest that to better harness insights across disciplines, researchers must become more explicitly aware of how different disciplines conceptualize temporality. Attending to temporal scale suggests that a new approach is needed to test how dominion beliefs, which are widely thought to be an important theological driver of climate skepticism, operate. We also suggest that two factors that appear to play a weak or limited role in driving climate skepticism over the short term (anti‐science attitudes and evangelical religiosity) may in fact play a significant role in driving skepticism over the medium term.This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate ChangeTrans‐Disciplinary Perspectives > Humanities and the Creative Arts
Das Nest als Umwelt. Eine historische Epistemologie des Nestbauinstinkts in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Malich Lisa 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn heutigen Schwangerschaftsratgebern ist oft von einem Nestbauinstinkt zu lesen. Demnach würden Schwangere von einem Trieb ergriffen, die passende Umwelt für ihr Kind zu gestalten, also Babyausstattung zu kaufen oder die Wohnung zu putzen. Dabei bildet das Konzept des Nestbauinstinkts eine spezifische Wissenskonfiguration: Während es im populären Bereich verbreitet ist, nimmt es im wissenschaftlichen Bereich eine marginale Position ein. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll der historischen Epistemologie dieser Wissensform nachgegangen werden. Im Vordergrund stehen folgende Fragen: Wie formierte sich das Wissen um einen Nestbauinstinkt in der Schwangerschaft? Auf welche Weise wurde das Nest als spezifische natural-anthropogene Umwelt hergestellt? Und inwiefern interagieren hier Vorstellungen von Geschlecht und Umwelt? Dazu nimmt die wissensgeschichtliche Analyse die Perspektive einerlongue duréevom 19. Jahrhundert bis heute ein. Die Untersuchung ergibt eine graduelle Feminisierung des Umweltkonzepts im Wissen des Nestbauinstinkts. Während er im 19. Jahrhundert oft als männliches Verhaltensmuster galt und das Nest ein Analogon zum Wohnhaus bildete, transformierte sich der Instinkt in den ersten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts zu einer primär weiblichen Eigenschaft, bei der das Nest für den Innenraum des Zuhauses stand. Dabei zirkulierte das Wissen zwischen verschiedenen Bereichen, wofür eine maßgebliche Bedingung war, dass sich das Nest zum ‚metaphorischen Ding‘ wandelte. Als solches führte das Nest nicht einfach zu einer Naturalisierung, sondern bezeichnete einen familiären natural-sozialen Zwischenraum, der zunehmend zum Ziel weiblich konnotierter Sorge-Arbeit wurde.
A little is better than none: the biggest gain of physical activity in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Huber Alexandra , Höfer Stefan , Saner Hugo , Oldridge Neil 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Background:
There is a relationship between physical activity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in healthy people and in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether this relationship between sports or recreational physical activity levels and HRQL has a dose-response gradient in patients with IHD.

Methods:
Using one generic and three IHD-specific HRQL questionnaires, differences in HRQL scores (adjusted for confounders) were determined for physically a) inactive vs. active patients and b) inactive vs. patients being active 1–2, 3–5, or >5 times per week.

Results:
Data were provided by 6143 IHD-patients (angina: N = 2033; myocardial infarction: N = 2266; ischemic heart failure: N = 1844). Regardless of diagnosis or instrument used, when patients were dichotomized as either inactive or active, the latter reported throughout higher physical and emotional HRQL (all p < 0.001; d = 0.25–0.70). When categorized by physical activity levels, there was a positive HRQL dose-response gradient by increasing levels of physical activity that was most marked between inactive patients and those being active 1–2 times per week (63 82%). Conclusions: Using generic and IHD-specific HRQL questionnaires, there seems to be an overall dose-dependent gradient betweenincreasing levels of sports or recreational physical activity and higher HRQL in patients with angina, myocardial infarction, and ischemic heart failure. The greatest bang for the public health buck still lies on putting all the effort in changing sedentary lifestyle to at least a moderate active one (1–2 times per week), in particular in cardiac rehabilitation settings.
Working from Home and COVID-19: The Chances and Risks for Gender Gaps
Authors: Arntz Melanie , Ben Yahmed Sarra , Berlingieri Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs the COVID-19 pandemic causes a record number of people to work from home, this disruptive event will likely have a long-lasting impact on work arrangements. Given existing research on the effects of working from home on hours worked and wages, an increased availability of working from home may provide a chance for women to catch up with their male counterparts. Yet, the need to simultaneously care for children during the COVID-19 lockdown may also revive traditional gender roles, potentially counteracting such gains. We discuss the likely effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender gaps in the labour market and at home in light of recent empirical findings and novel statistics on the heterogeneous structure of work arrangements among couples. We construct a novel teleworkability index that differentiates between fully teleworkable, partly teleworkable and on-site jobs and find that in about a third of households the COVID-19 shock is likely to induce shifts in the intra-household allocation of tasks from mothers to fathers.