bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Predicting Participation in the Prospective Genomic Sequencing Study, Total Cancer Care (TCC), in Kentucky
Authors: Riggs McKayla J. , Huang Bin , Chen Quan , Bocklage Therese , Schuh Marissa R. , Poi Ming , Villano John L. , Cavnar Michael J. , Arnold Susanne M. , Miller Rachel W. , Ueland Frederick R. , Kolesar Jill M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeLarge‐scale genomic sequencing studies are driving oncology drug development. However, rural populations, like those residing in Appalachian Kentucky, are underrepresented in these efforts. In this study, we determined the frequency of participation, reasons for nonparticipation, and factors predicting the decision to participate in the Total Cancer Care (TCC) prospective genomic cohort study.MethodsA total of 1,188 patients were invited to enroll in the TCC prospective cohort from December 2018 to May 2019. Declining patients were queried for their rationale for nonparticipation and their patient data were obtained from the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between characteristics and study participation. The association of study participation with survival was modeled with Cox proportional‐hazards regression.Results90.9% (1,081) patients consented to participate. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with participation were age, gender, treatment status, and race. Though overall more women participated in the study, men were more likely to participate than women when invited (OR 1.57). Younger, Caucasian individuals who had received chemotherapy, but not surgery, were also more likely to participate. Patients in the Kentucky Appalachian cohort were primarily rural, had less educational attainment, and lower socioeconomic status. Kentucky Appalachian patients were no less likely to enroll in TCC than non‐Appalachian patients. Consented individuals had higher overall survival compared to those who declined.ConclusionThough minorities, those with low socioeconomic status, and rural populations are underrepresented in genomic studies, they were no less likely to participate when given the opportunity, and participation was associated with better clinical outcomes.
Association of job stress, CLOCK gene polymorphism and their interaction with poor sleep quality
Authors: Li Yuling , Cao Zeyuan , Wu Shuang , Wang Chao , He Shuchang , Dong Yan , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractJob stress and the Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) gene could affect circadian rhythm and sleep quality. The main aim of our present study was to investigate the association of job stress, CLOCK gene polymorphism and their interaction with sleep quality in a non‐clinical Chinese Han population, which has not been reported to date. Using a cross‐sectional design, 450 subjects were recruited in Beijing. Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and job stress was measured with the Work Stress Scale. CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism was genotyped in 297 blood samples. Correlation analysis showed a close but different association of high job stress with the PSQI and its components. Analysis of variance showed significant main effects of the CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism. G‐allele carriers had a higher score in the PSQI, sleep duration, sleep latency and sleep disturbances. Further interaction analyses showed an ordinal interaction on sleep duration, and a disordinal interaction on daytime dysfunction. Specifically, G‐allele carriers had poorer sleep duration than AA homozygotes when in high job stress, while the two subgroups displayed similar sleep duration when in low job stress, conforming to the diathesis–stress model. In comparison to G‐allele carriers, AA homozygotes experienced less daytime dysfunction when in low job stress whereas more daytime dysfunction when in high job stress, fitting with the differential susceptibility model. As genetic links have been revealed, our investigation might be conducive for elucidating aetiological factors for sleep quality and targets for implementing interventions to attain good sleep quality.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus: An updated American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement with focus on virus biology, hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination
Authors: Walz Paul H. , Chamorro Manuel F. , M. Falkenberg Shollie , Passler Thomas , van der Meer Frank , R. Woolums Amelia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractControl of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle populations across most of the world has remained elusive in spite of advances in knowledge about this viral pathogen. A central feature of virus perseverance in cattle herds is the unique mechanism of persistent infection. Managing BVDV infection in herds involves controlling persistently infected carrier animals using a multidimensional approach of vaccination, biosecurity, and identification of BVDV reservoirs. A decade has passed since the original American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement on BVDV. While much has remained the same with respect to clinical signs of disease, pathogenesis of infection including persistent infection, and diagnosis, scientific articles published since 2010 have led to a greater understanding of difficulties associated with control of BVDV. This consensus statement update on BVDV presents greater focus on topics currently relevant to the biology and control of this viral pathogen of cattle, including changes in virus subpopulations, infection in heterologous hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination.
Identifying gaps across the cascade of care for the prevention of HBV mother‐to‐child transmission in Burkina Faso: Findings from the real world
Authors: Guingané Alice N. , Bougouma Alain , Sombié Roger , King Rachel , Nagot Nicolas , Meda Nicolas , Van de Perre Philippe , Tuaillon Edouard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) is a challenge for controlling the hepatitis B epidemic. In Sub‐Saharan countries, pilot interventions including the screening of pregnant women for HBsAg, implementation of anti‐HBV therapy and infant immunization within 24 hours of life are initiated and need to be evaluated. This pilot study aimed to describe the cascade of care for hepatitis B PMTCT in a real life situation, and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with adequate management of pregnant women and infants.MethodThe study was conducted from October 1st, 2014 to February 28th, 2016 in the antenatal clinics (ANCV) of Baskuy district which comprises nine first‐level public health centres. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify sociodemographic factors associated with the likelihood of retention in the cohort, HBV DNA testing, birth dose delivery and HBsAg testing of the children at 6 months of age; P ˂ .05 was selected as cut off for significance.ResultsIn this prospective cohort study, of 5200 pregnant women consulting for the antenatal visit, 2261 (43.5%) were proposed pre‐test counselling and HBsAg screening and 2220 (98.2%) have agreed to screening. Among 1580 (71.2%) women that came back for the post‐counselling interview, 75 were positive for HBsAg (4.8%), 73 (97.3% of the women provided HBsAg result) consented to medical consultation with hepatogastroenterologists and 53 (72.6%); performed the HBV DNA testing. Forty‐seven out of 60 (78.3%; 65.8‐87.9) children born alive were immunized for HBV within 24 hours of life. Retention in care was associated with the level of education of the infant’s father, secondary school or higher was associated with a better retention in care of the women (OR: 6.6; P = .03).ConclusionOur study shows large gaps in HBV PMTCT. Resources for hepatitis B screening, care and prevention including universal access to the vaccine birth dose should be allocated to reduce infection in HBV exposed infants born in Burkina Faso.
Intergenerational breastfeeding practices among parents and children: 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort
Authors: Vaz Juliana dos Santos , dos Santos Leonardo Pozza , Gatica‐Dominguez Giovanna , Bierhals Isabel Oliveira , Gomes Ana Paula , Gonçalves Helen , Kac Gilberto , Menezes Ana Baptista , Assunção Maria Cecilia Formoso 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate intergenerational breastfeeding practices according to parental sex and age at delivery in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. This is a prospective birth cohort study, and at the 22‐year follow‐up, a substudy with all children of the cohort members who had become parents was conducted (93Cohort‐II). First generation breastfeeding data were collected at 3 months and 4‐year‐old follow‐ups. In the 93Cohort‐II, parents answered a questionnaire about their children's breastfeeding practices. Adjusted Tobit and Poisson regression models with robust variance were applied to estimate the association between predominant parental breastfeeding duration and exclusive breastfeeding duration of the children at 3 and 6 months. Out of 3,810 cohort participants, 955 (25%) had delivered at least one live‐born infant, and 1,222 children were assessed. Fifty‐four percent of parents were ≤19 years old. Direct effects of predominant parental breastfeeding duration on exclusive breastfeeding duration of their children were only observed when data were stratified by parental age: children born to parents aged ≥20 years old and who were predominantly breastfed for at least 3 months presented higher exclusive breastfeeding duration and higher prevalence of being exclusively breastfed for at least 3 months. When analyses were stratified by mothers and fathers, the result remained significant only among mothers. Longer predominant breastfeeding duration in the first generation was associated with longer exclusive breastfeeding duration in the second generation, but only among older mothers. Education and social support surrounding breastfeeding should be intensified among fathers and younger parents to create a positive environment supportive of breastfeeding.
Role of the rice blast resistance gene Pi‐cd in rice (Oryza sativa) breeding programmes
Authors: Fujino Kenji , Obara Mari , Kiuchi Hitoshi , Shinada Hiroshi , Nishimura Tsutomu , Maekawa Toshihiko , Hirayama Yuji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of DNA markers for various agronomic traits may accelerate the success of marker‐assisted selection in practical plant breeding programmes. Here, we developed DNA markers for the blast resistance gene Pi‐cd. In this study, we examined the effects of the Pi‐cd locus on not only blast resistance but also agronomic traits in agriculture. We developed three pyramiding lines (PLs) coupling Pi‐cd with three blast resistance genes, pi21, Pi35 and Pi39. The effect of Pi‐cd on blast resistance was dependent on the coupled resistance genes. Then, we evaluated the effects of Pi‐cd on 13 agronomic traits. Amylose content and 1,000‐grain weight showed significant differences between the PLs and current commercial varieties, which had no negative effects on agronomic trait values. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of genotype for the Pi‐cd locus among varieties of upland rice. The KT genotype specific to rice blast resistance may be predominant in the varieties. The results suggested that Pi‐cd has the potential to be useful for improving blast resistance in rice breeding programmes.
Regional oxygen saturation and acute kidney injury in premature infants
Authors: Dorum Bayram Ali , Ozkan Hilal , Cetinkaya Merih , Koksal Nilgun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDecreased renal blood flow plays a vital role in the etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we aim to investigate the role of renal regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) reductions in predicting AKI in the first 24 h of life.MethodsOne hundred premature babies with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks were included. Renal and cerebral rSO2s were monitored for 24 h by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Infants were followed up for the first 7 days for the diagnosis of AKI.ResultsInfants' median gestational age was 29 (23–32) weeks, and their birthweight was 1,192 ± 355 g. It was found that the renal rSO2 values were lower in the first 24 h of life in patients who developed AKI, and this decrease was statistically significant in the first 6 h of life.ConclusionsThe low renal rSO2 values in the early hours of life in premature babies may have a role in predicting AKI.
Death from an Adult‐onset Still’s disease triggered by visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Wang Donghong , Huang Qiong , Wang Yong , Guo Junxian , Pu Zhongshu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 24‐year‐old patient presented with a 4‐month‐long high‐spiking fever, characteristic rash, sore throat and arthralgias. Bone marrow biopsy examination demonstrated visceral leishmaniasis with the presence of typical Leishman‐Donovan bodies. During the treatment for visceral leishmaniasis with the sodium stibogluconate, he died suddenly. According to the symptoms, we infer that the patient catch the adult‐onset Still's disease due to the visceral leishmaniasis.
Childhood abuse history and attention bias in adults
Authors: Letkiewicz Allison M. , Silton Rebecca L. , Mimnaugh Katherine J. , Miller Gregory A. , Heller Wendy , Fisher Joscelyn , Sass Sarah M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAttention biases toward unpleasant information are evident among children and adults with a history of abuse and have been identified as a potential pathway through which abused children develop psychopathology. Identifying whether a history of childhood abuse affects the time course of attention biases in adults is critical, as this may provide intervention targets. The present study examined the time course of attention bias during an emotion‐word Stroop task using event‐related potentials (ERPs) in a sample of adults with a range of child abuse histories using a categorical approach (comparing adults with or without a history of moderate‐to‐severe childhood abuse) and a dimensional approach (analyzing the range from no abuse to severe abuse in a continuous manner). Although behavioral performance did not vary as a function of abuse history, adults with a history of moderate‐to‐severe childhood abuse showed ERP evidence of early reduced processing of emotional stimuli (smaller N200) and later reduced processing of emotional and nonemotional stimuli (smaller P300), followed by later increased processing of unpleasant stimuli (larger slow wave [SW]). Results suggest that early disengagement from emotional stimuli may help individuals with moderate‐to‐severe abuse histories to achieve normal behavioral performance on the emotion‐word Stroop task. Additionally, regardless of analytic approach, adults with elevated levels of childhood abuse exhibited prolonged engagement (larger SW) specifically with unpleasant stimuli. Present results demonstrate attention bias patterns in adults with a history of childhood abuse and clarify the time course of attention bias. Results are discussed in the context of potential treatment implications.
A Simple Toxicokinetic Model Exhibiting Complex Dynamics and Nonlinear Exposure Response
Authors: Park Robert M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUncertainty in model predictions of exposure response at low exposures is a problem for risk assessment. A particular interest is the internal concentration of an agent in biological systems as a function of external exposure concentrations. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models permit estimation of internal exposure concentrations in target tissues but most assume that model parameters are either fixed or instantaneously dose‐dependent. Taking into account response times for biological regulatory mechanisms introduces new dynamic behaviors that have implications for low‐dose exposure response in chronic exposure. A simple one‐compartment simulation model is described in which internal concentrations summed over time exhibit significant nonlinearity and nonmonotonicity in relation to external concentrations due to delayed up‐ or downregulation of a metabolic pathway. These behaviors could be the mechanistic basis for homeostasis and for some apparent hormetic effects.
Analysis and spatial distribution of schistosomiasis mansoni in a historically endemic area of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Gomes de Amorim Santos Israel , Santos Ramos Rosália Elen , Soares Gomes Dharliton , Pereira Bezerra Letícia , Oliveira Silva Laryssa , Martins Cirilo Tatyane , Carlos Alves Luiz , André Brayner Fábio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a descriptive analysis of the activities of the Schistosomiasis Control Program, as well as the spatial distribution of the condition in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, for the period from 2007 to 2016.MethodsDescriptive ecological study. Data from positive human cases and operational data were collected in the Information System of the Schistosomiasis Control Program, and data for spatial analysis were collected on the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. An analysis of spatial autocorrelation (Moran statistics) was performed, where a spatial pattern was established, which showed the Q1 and Q2 patterns to be the most important, and Q3 and Q4 representing transition areas.ResultsIn the years under study, at least 85% (n = 60/70) of the municipalities carried out the activities recommended by the PCE (Schistosomiasis Control Program). Alagoas presented an average positivity rate of 7.1%, which is very high compared to the prevalence of 3.3% at the last national schistosomiasis survey conducted between 2010 and 2015. Moran's statistics showed 22/70 municipalities forming a Q1 cluster, of high/high pattern, and 32/70 municipalities forming a Q2 cluster, of low/low pattern, with the others in a transition area. Moran Map data, however, showed only 7/70 municipalities in the endemic area with a spatial autocorrelation, with these municipalities having the Mundau River as a common element.ConclusionSchistosomiasis mansoni is of great importance for public health in Alagoas and that the use of spatial analysis can identify priority areas for preventive and control measures against schistosomiasis mansoni.
Maternity iron, anaemia and blood management in South Australia: a practice‐based evidence for clinical practice improvement
Authors: Flores Cindy J. , Yong Angelina , Knights Eleanor , Grech Jodie , Saxon Ben , Markus Corey , Sinha Romi , Osborn Kym 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnaemia at delivery is a strong modifiable risk factor for transfusion in women with a postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). A Maternity Patient Blood Management (PBM) Practice Based Evidence Clinical Practice Improvement (CPI) was conducted to optimize antenatal haemoglobin and iron stores prior to delivery.MethodsAustralian maternity PBM CPI resources (featuring algorithms on diagnosing iron deficiency with both haemoglobin and ferritin screening, as well as information on oral iron therapy for maternity patients) were introduced at a major tertiary hospital from November 2016 to March 2017. To assess the effectiveness of these resources on haemoglobin and iron stores, an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was conducted for 11,263 deliveries from January 2016 to June 2018. The evaluation timeframe was divided into baseline (pre‐CPI), pilot (during CPI) and post‐pilot (post‐CPI).ResultsIn 1550 patients with haemoglobin and ferritin in the first trimester, non‐anaemic iron deficiency was detected in 416 women (26·8%) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in 239 women (15·41%) throughout the whole study period. The number of women with IDA increases as pregnancy progresses but applying PBM CPI shows a reduction of IDA rate in all trimesters and reduction in anaemia at delivery in the post‐pilot period from baseline. More anaemic episodes were observed in the postpartum period compared to the first trimester. ITS analysis for the whole study period showed a clinically significant increase in the monthly average predelivery haemoglobin of 0·9 g/l (P = 0·16). This corresponded with a reduction in the monthly rate of anaemic patients by 18% (P = 0·12). There was a significant decrease in the rates of anaemia at delivery and decrease in red cell transfusion in anaemic women, even though the number of women with PPH was stable. The factors associated with red cell transfusion are anaemia at delivery (P < 0·001) and the incidence of PPH (P < 0·001).ConclusionsThe maternity PBM CPI resources had a clinically relevant but not statistically significant effect in optimizing antenatal haemoglobin and decreasing the risk of predelivery anaemia. This study demonstrates how a CPI can modify one risk factor for blood loss, which is the anaemia at delivery, and subsequent transfusion in the perinatal period.
PREMS and PROMS data within the acute health care context: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kynoch Kate , Ramis Mary-Anne , Khalil Hanan 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to investigate use of patient reported experience measures and patient reported outcome measures within the acute health care context.

Introduction:
Data from patient reported outcome measures and patient reported experience measures provide important information for health professionals and organizations in order to improve patient-centered care. These two measures have potential to narrow the gap between the clinician's and patient's views and help tailor treatment plans to meet the patient's preferences and needs.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies that include patients of any age and any condition who have obtained care from any acute health care facility. The concepts of this review are: the types of research studies that have been done using patient reported experience measures and patient reported outcome measures data in acute hospital settings, the geographical contexts of these two measures’ studies, the barriers and facilitators that have been identified in studies that use data from the measures, the characteristics of patient reported experience measures and patient reported outcome measures data and the ways in which these types of data have been applied to clinical practice in acute care settings. This review will consider studies that are set in any acute health care setting including inpatient and outpatient areas, emergency departments, and critical care units.

Methods:
This scoping review, utilizing JBI methods, will include an extensive search of the databases for published and unpublished literature. The review will consider any type of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods research evidence as well as systematic reviews to understand how hospitals use patient reported experience measures and patient reported outcome measures data in health care. Each included study will be assessed by two independent reviewers and data will be extracted from included papers using a standardized data extraction tool.