bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of the extent to which drinking motives and problem alcohol consumption vary as a function of deprivation, gender and age
Authors: Heim Derek , Monk Rebecca L. , Qureshi Adam W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionExisting research points to a link between socioeconomic factors, alcohol consumption and harms, while another body of work documents the importance of varying motivations to drink in shaping alcohol behaviours. Yet, little is currently known about the extent to which alcohol consumption may be differentially associated with drinking motives as a function of deprivation, gender and age.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of data from a UK sample aged between 18 and 75 years (n = 1639; 51% male,Mage 47.74, SD 14.66). Structural equation modelling, using clustering to account for the multi‐level nature of the data set, was carried out to assesses the relationships between deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation), occupation, age, gender and problem alcohol consumption (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and social, conformity, enhancement and coping drinking motives.ResultsCoping, enhancement and conformity, but not social, motives were associated with problem alcohol consumption. Drinking motives were stronger predictors of problem consumption than gender and age, with motives tending to be endorsed more strongly by younger and male respondents. Responses from participants with working‐class occupations tended to be characterised by elevated endorsements of coping motives.Discussion and ConclusionDrinking motives are stronger predictors of problem alcohol consumption than socio‐demographic variables although these factors exert influences on people's motives to drink.
Entire duration of active psychosis and neurocognitive performance in first‐episode non‐affective psychosis
Authors: Murillo‐García Nancy , Setién‐Suero Esther , Pardo‐de‐Santayana Guillermo , Murillo‐García Marisol , Pelayo‐Terán José María , Crespo‐Facorro Benedicto , Ayesa‐Arriola Rosa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo explore if the entire duration of active psychosis (DAP) is related to neurocognitive performance at baseline and at 3‐year follow‐up in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsDAP was estimated for 481 FEP patients. A neuropsychological battery was administered to measure neurocognitive specific domains, and a global indicator of neurocognitive impairment (global deficits score, GDS) was calculated. According to the DAP quartiles, four subgroups were formed, and these were compared. In addition, a logistic regression analysis was carried out to predict neurocognitive impairment at 3‐year follow‐up.ResultsFEP patients with the longest DAP (more than 18.36 months) presented a more severe global neurocognitive impairment evidenced in their GDS, both at baseline (F = 5.53; p˂ .01) and at 3‐year follow‐up (F = 4.16; p˂ .01). Moreover, a subgroup of participants with DAP between 7.40 and 18.36 months showed a specific attentional decline over the 3‐year follow‐up (F = 3.089; p˂ .05).The logistic regression model showed that sex (Wald = 7.29, p < .010), premorbid adjustment (Wald = 7.24, p < .010), attention (Wald = 12.10, p < .001), verbal memory (Wald = 16.29, p < .001) and visual memory (Wald = 9.41, p < .010) were significant predictors of neurocognitive impairment 3 years after the FEP. The variables composing the DAP were not significant predictors in this model.ConclusionsDAP seems to be related to global neurocognitive impairment in FEP patients. These findings contribute in several ways to our understanding of the effects of active psychosis on the brain, and provide the basis for future research.
The effects of exposure to predators on personality and plasticity
Authors: Bucklaew Amy , Dochtermann Ned A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPast experiences are known to affect average behavior but effects on animal personality and plasticity are less well studied. To determine whether experience with predators influences these aspects, we compared the behavior of Gryllodes sigillatus before and after exposure to live predators. We found that emergence from shelter and distance moved during open‐field trials (activity) changed after exposure, with individuals becoming less likely to emerge from shelters but more active when deprived of shelter. We also found that behavioral plasticity in activity increased after exposure to predators. Our results demonstrate that experience with predators affects not only the average behavior of individuals but also how individuals differ from their own prior behavior.
From the French Citizens' Convention on Climate to the Conference on the Future of Europe: A participatory science and democracy perspective
Authors: Eymard Laurence 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Citizens' Convention on Climate (CCC) gathered 150 people, randomly selected but representing the diversity of French society. Its mandate was to formulate a series of concrete measures aimed to achieve at least a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 (compared to 1990) while preserving social justice. The citizens auditioned experts on various topics from climate to economics and then formulated their own proposals, thus building an effective consensus, beyond individual specific interests. Moreover, proposals formed a coherent whole, and in this regard fare much better than previous attempts to tackle environmental and climate transition through public debates. This methodology shows how citizen science can produce efficient and quality outcomes. This opens new perspectives for democracy on the basis of new interaction channels between law‐makers, professional experts and citizens. This seems to be the approach chosen for the Conference on the Future of Europe as well. Gathering citizens from all EU countries to work on important topics for Europe and Europeans could be a way to build a common vision, and contribute to the creation of a true European common good. Citizens' direct involvement in science and democracy might be one of the keys to meaningfully and thus successfully address their shortcomings.
Stepwise accumulation of mutations in CesA3 in Phytophthora sojae results in increasing resistance to CAA fungicides
Authors: Cai Meng , Zhang Can , Wang Weizhen , Peng Qin , Song Xi , Tyler Brett M. , Liu Xili 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlumorph is a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide with high activity against oomycetes. However, evolution to CAAs from low resistance to high resistance has never been reported. This study investigated the basis of resistance evolution of flumorph in Phytophthora sojae. Total of 120 P. sojae isolates were collected and their sensitivity to flumorph was evaluated. Although no spontaneous resistance was found among the field isolates, adaptation on flumorph‐amended media resulted in the selection of five stable mutant types exhibiting varying degrees of resistance to CAAs. Type I, which exhibited the lowest resistance level, was obtained when the wild‐type isolate was exposed to a low concentration of flumorph, but no resistant mutants were obtained by direct exposure to higher concentrations. However, the more resistant types (Type II, III, IV and V) were obtained when Type I were exposed to higher concentrations of flumorph. Similar results were obtained when the entire screening process was repeated, which implied that evolution of resistance to flumorph in P. sojae could be a two‐step process, where high resistance phenotypes could develop gradually from low resistance ones. Further investigation into molecular mechanism strongly confirmed that evolution of isolates highly resistant to flumorph occurs in a stepwise process with Type I as intermediary, through accumulation of mutations in their target protein of CAAs (CesA3). Together, our findings indicate that application of low rates of flumorph in field could result in selection of low resistance Type I isolates, but that raising dosage to maintain comparable levels of control could elicit rapid evolution of more resistant Type II, III, IV and V isolates with stepwise accumulation of mutations in CesA3, which would render flumorph ineffective as a control method. Precautionary resistance management strategy should be implemented. The phenomenon described in the study could have broader biological significance.
Microstructural properties of the proximal sesamoid bones of Thoroughbred racehorses in training
Authors: Ayodele Babatunde A. , Hitchens Peta L. , Wong Adelene S. M. , Mackie Eleanor J. , Whitton R. Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundProximal sesamoid bone fractures are common catastrophic injuries in racehorses. Understanding the response of proximal sesamoid bones to race training can inform fracture prevention strategies.ObjectivesTo describe proximal sesamoid bone microstructure of racehorses and to investigate the associations between microstructure and racing histories.Study designCross‐sectional.MethodsProximal sesamoid bones from 63 Thoroughbred racehorses were imaged using micro‐computed tomography. Bone volume fraction (BVTV) and bone material density (BMD) of the whole bone and four regions (apical, midbody dorsal, midbody palmar and basilar) were determined. Generalised linear regression models were used to identify the associations between bone parameters and race histories of the horses.ResultsThe mean sesamoid BVTV was 0.79 ± 0.08 and BMD was 806.02 ± 24.66 mg HA/ccm. BVTV was greater in medial sesamoids compared with lateral sesamoids (0.80 ± 0.07 vs 0.79 ± 0.08;P < .001) predominantly due to differences in the apical region (medial—0.76 ± 0.08 vs lateral—0.72 ± 0.07;P < .001). BVTV in the midbody dorsal region (0.86 ± 0.06) was greater than other regions (midbody palmar—0.79 ± 0.07, basilar—0.78 ± 0.06 and apical—0.74 ± 0.08;P < .001). BVTV was greater in sesamoids with more microcracks on their articular surface (Coef. 0.005; 95% CI 0.001, 0.009;P = .01), greater extent of bone resorption on their abaxial surface (Grade 2—0.82 ± 0.05 vs Grade 1—0.80 ± 0.05 or Grade 0—0.79 ± 0.06;P = .006), in horses with a low (0.82 ± 0.07) or mid handicap rating (0.78 ± 0.08) compared with high rating (0.76 ± 0.07;P < .001), in 2‐ to 5‐year‐old horses (0.81 ± 0.07) compared with younger (0.68 ± 0.08) or older horses (0.77 ± 0.08;P < .001) and in horses that commenced their racing career at less than 4 years of age (0.79 ± 0.08 vs 0.77 ± 0.77;P < .001). BMD was greater in the midbody dorsal (828.6 ± 19.6 mg HA/ccm) compared with other regions (apical—805.8 ± 21.8, midbody palmar—804.7 ± 18.4 and basilar—785.0 ± 17.1;P < .001), in horses with a handicap rating (low—812.1 ± 20.0, mid—821.8 ± 21.3 and high—814.6 ± 19.4) compared with those with no rating (791.08 ± 24.4,P < .001), in females (806.7 ± 22.0) and geldings (812.2 ± 22.4) compared with entires (792.7 ± 26.2;P = .02) and in older horses (<2‐year‐old—763.7 ± 24.8 vs 2‐ to 5‐year‐old—802.7 ± 23.4, and 6‐ to 12‐year‐old—817.8 ± 20.0;P = .002).Main limitationsData were cross‐sectional.ConclusionsDensification of the proximal sesamoid bones is associated with the commencement of racing in younger horses and the presence of bone fatigue‐related pathology. Lower sesamoid BVTV was associated with longevity and better performance.
Formation and emulsification properties of self‐assembled potato protein microgel particles under different pH conditions
Authors: Liu Xingli , Shen Li , Zhao Shuangli , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis study evaluated the formation of potato protein microgel particles (PPM) formed by heating a protein solution at pH 2–8 in order to improve emulsifying potential of commercial potato protein (PP). The physicochemical properties (particle diameter, ζ‐potential and contact angle), structural characteristics and emulsifying capacity of PPM were investigated. The results indicated that preparation pH of PPM had significantly influenced the emulsification properties. The PPM samples prepared near the isoelectric point of PP (pI ~ 4.5) had low ζ‐potential, high particle size, lower emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsifying stability index (ESI). Meanwhile, compared to PP, PPM prepared at pH (pH = 2, pH = 6–8) stay away from isoelectric point had higher EAI and ESI, evidenced by the appropriate ζ‐potential and contact angel. In conclusion, PPM prepared at specific pH (pH = 6) would enhance the emulsifying properties of potato protein, the findings would broaden the application of potato protein in the food industry.
Value Differences between Refugees and German Citizens: Insights from a Representative Survey
Authors: Fuchs Lukas M. , Fan Yu , von Scheve Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe political debate over the inclusion of refugees frequently revolves around cultural differences, in particular differences pertaining to values, which are suspected to hamper social integration. Sociological accounts of values in principle warrant the assumption that different values promote conflict over sensitive social issues. However, only little is known about the actual values of refugees who recently arrived in many European countries. Comparative values research suggests that immigrants from culturally distant countries increase value heterogeneity. In contrast, acculturation and assimilation theories argue that values are not static constructs, but subject to change and transformation. Using data from the IAB‐BAMF‐SOEP survey, a representative panel of refugees in Germany, and from the World Values Survey, the present study investigates differences in liberal democratic and gender equality values between refugees and German citizens. Results indicate that refugees from almost all countries investigated show higher levels of agreement to these values, except secularism, than Germans.
Reconciliation as Expression of Christ's Love
Authors: Biehl Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the theme of the upcoming World Council of Churches' assembly from the perspective of mission as reconciliation as it has been formulated in ecumenical discussions around the World Missionary Conference at Athens 2005 and since. It argues that the intersecting of reconciliation and healing disclosed theological and ethical dimensions in both concepts that have been picked up in ecumenical mission theology while they had been less prominent in earlier decades. The emphasis on the Holy Spirit as agent of mission (Athens, Arusha) is then used to interpret Christ's love as the outpouring of the inner dynamic of the Trinity into the world.
Mission and Reconciliation in the Orthodox Church
Authors: Vassiliadis Petros 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the Orthodox view on reconciliation as reflected in the famous patriarchal and synodical encyclicals early in the last century and in more recent official documents: the Messages of the Primates of the Orthodox Churches, the approved documents of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew’s official statements. These are looked at in reference to (i) the mission statement of the Commission on World Mission and Evangelism, Together towards Life, and (ii) the papal encyclicals Unitatis redintegratio and Ut unum sint. The article further examines the need for a common Christian witness and the reactions within the Orthodox world from a tiny but vocal anti‐ecumenical minority. It underlines the importance of a Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities along with the existing Universal Declaration of Human Rights to address the ecological problem and inequities of the current world economic system, based on the interrelatedness of economy and ecology and the consolidation of the interfaith dialogue for a wider reconciliation. The article also underlines the highest priority of the theological dialogues at all levels and by all bodies of the Orthodox ecclesial reality as a necessary step to promote reconciliation. Finally, the article assesses (i) the dialogue aiming to achieve the visible unity of the church; (ii) dialogues generally focusing on Christian unity, or even unity with other faithful; (iii) dialogues aiming as much as possible at common Christian witness; and (iv) dialogues focusing on the church’s responsibility toward society and the integrity of creation.
The African Palaver Reconciliation Model and Mission
Authors: Oborji Francis Anekwe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents the African palaver as a model of reconciliation in the social context and examines its missiological significance. Palaver is the interactive dialogue that animates many African communities’ affairs, seeking holistic interventions on issues of life and maintaining relationships within the hierarchy of existence. The African palaver model of reconciliation is about managing “words” in a reconciliation process that takes place in a public assembly discourse. The African palaver model has implications for (1) an appreciation of the importance of “words” as a source of reconciliation in a social context and (2) an introduction, in an African context, to the catechesis on the “Word of God,” revealed in Jesus Christ, as the language of God to humanity and the entire world. The article is developed in three parts: reconciliation and mission, the African palaver model of reconciliation, and the South African model of palaver. In its conclusion, it relates the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission model of reconciliation to the African palaver, which is rooted in people’s culture and tradition.
Mission and Reconciliation
Authors: Ezekiel Lesmore Gibson 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMission and reconciliation are intrinsically connected because of the inherent vocational objectives of the two in human life. Both are meant to lead to some tangible transformation in the human ecosystem that fosters collegiality and fraternity between and among humans regardless of humanly set boundaries of race, culture, religion, and social classification. Both doubtless come with the massive task of making the objectives experienced by people. Neither are one‐off assignments, but require lifetime engagement because of human frailty and susceptibility to do harm whether consciously or unconsciously, particularly the dimension of mission that focuses on reconciliation. Bringing about reconciliation is cumbersome in nature because it involves multilayered analysis and multidimensional approaches. These enable the processes to be deep and broad to avoid a situation where the healing being gained relapses and the building blocks of wholeness collapse. Achieving reconciliation between the victim and the perpetrator or the oppressed and the oppressor is often the most difficult task. Reconciliation is not as easy as it is expressed in biblical narratives. Jesus Christ's mission was to reconcile the world and humanity with the Godhead, and this was accomplished on the cross. That sounds more like a one‐off task for Christ, but it was brought about by the ultimate sacrifice. His dying on the cross reminds everyone involved in the mission of reconciliation that it comes with enormous sacrifice, which may lead to the supreme price in some cases. This article engages with different themes, including African concepts of building and sustaining reconciliation and the reconciled as life‐giving mission.
A Scottish Millennial Mission to Jews
Authors: Kovács Ábrahám 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how the missionaries of the Church of Scotland sought to convert the Jews in Hungary. The research studies carefully Adolph Saphir's change of faith, his theological views, and his work. His family was the first “fruit” of Scottish missionary activity among the Hungarian Jews in 1843. After scrutinizing his conversion, the study proceeds to map his sphere of work as a missionary. In particular, it examines his millennial views, which gave the impetus to his missionary activity. Finally, the paper demonstrates that he became an ardent supporter of mission to the Jews not only in Britain but also in Central Europe.
Mission, Reconciliation, and the Politics of Place
Authors: Ewell C. Rosalee Velloso 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThrough the retelling of some familiar biblical stories – Jonah, Acts 1, Acts 10 – and gospel narratives of inclusion, this paper looks at the transformation of politics and identities made possible by the sending of the Holy Spirit and the mission of reconciliation to which Christians are called. Through an examination of the themes of power, prejudice, partnership, and identity, the paper aims to offer a concrete approach to rethinking the spaces and places where a reconciling mission can be enacted. Central to an understanding of reconciliation are the disruption and transgressing of boundaries in which Jesus engaged. In addition to this, Jesus creates these unique spaces for reconciliation around his very person, and the Spirit leads the church into these same contexts. Finally, selections of John 17 are examined through a biographical lens in order to offer a new understanding of the politics of identity and the surprising contexts where God’s Spirit reconciles all things in Christ.
Association between nurse work environment and severe maternal morbidity in high‐income countries: A systematic review and call to action
Authors: Brown Kyrah K. , Smith Jessica G. , Jeffers RaeAnna L. , Jean Pierre Claudy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo identify evidence related to association between the nurse work environment and severe maternal morbidity in high‐income countries.DesignQuantitative Systematic review.Data SourcesCumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus were systematically searched for studies published in English from January 1990‐December 2019. Studies were selected based on a priori eligibility criteria.Review MethodsTwo independent reviewers used a two‐phase screening process. First, the reviewers assessed the eligibility of studies based on titles and abstracts; followed by assessing the full text of all remaining studies based on the eligibility criteria. An adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction tool was created to extract relevant information from studies reviewed during the second screening phase.ResultsOf the 535 de‐duplicated articles examined by two independent reviewers, there were no eligible empirical studies that assessed the association between nurse work environment and severe maternal morbidity.ConclusionThere is a critical gap in knowledge regarding how characteristics of the nurse work environment may influence severe maternal morbidity in high‐income countries. Future directions for nursing research include using available maternal health surveillance hospital‐level data, conducting high‐quality studies, and using evidence‐based frameworks to guide future studies. Future directions for nursing practice include leveraging professional learning communities for nursing education and training and leveraging quality improvement initiatives.ImpactAs the first known systematic review of its kind, this ‘empty review’ provides evidence of a lacking body of literature on the association between nurse work environment, as a modifiable organizational characteristic and preventable severe maternal morbidity in high‐income countries. This article provides a call to action in the form of five recommendations for future nursing research and practice, which could serve to elucidate research, practice, and policy opportunities to reduce preventable severe maternal morbidity in high‐income countries.