bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHAT IF PAUL HAD TRAVELLED EAST RATHER THAN WEST?
Authors: Bauckham Richard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFor first-century Jews the eastern disapora was at least as important as the western. When Paul returned from Arabia (Nabatea) to Damascus, his intention was to travel east from Damascus to Mesopotamia, where the synagogue communities, descendants of the original exiles of both northern and southern tribes of Israel, would have been his starting point for mission to the Gentiles of the area. But when he escaped arrest by the Nabatean ethnarc, Nabatean control of the trade routes south and east of Damascus left him no choice but to travel to Jerusalem, where he re-thought the geographical scope of his mission. Had Paul travelled east, the Christian communities of both north and south Mesopotamia might have flourished already in the first century and Paul's writings might have had more influence on Syriac theology. Considering how Christianity in the Roman Empire would have developed without Paul entails rejecting such exaggerated views of Paul's significance as that Paul invented Christianity or that without Paul Christianity would have remained a Jewish sect. The Gentile mission began without Paul and took place in areas, such as Rome and Egypt, which were not evangelized by Paul. Without Paul much would have been different about the way the early Christian movement would have spread across the Roman Empire, but it would still have spread, with much the same long-term effects.
THE TRUTH OF SHAME-CONSCIOUSNESS IN FREUD AND PHENOMENOLOGY
Authors: Metcalf Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper addresses the philosophical problems posed by shame-consciousness, specifically with respect to the question as to whether the feelings of shame signify an apprehension of truth. After reviewing several methodological problems posed by shame-consciousness, the paper takes up the theoretical treatment of shame in Freud, Scheler, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty, in order to show how shame illuminates the constitution of subjectivity by power relations in society. This psychoanalytic and phenomenological account of shame is shown to be confirmed by material drawn from cultural studies of shame, and by contemporary feminist critique.
MILK AND FLESH: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL REFLECTION ON INFANCY AND COEXISTENCE
Authors: Simms Eva-Maria 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInfants who suffer severe neglect fail to thrive emotionally as well as bodily. The absence of early coexistential structures that provide well-being leads to a narrowing of the child's perceptual and social developmental horizon. What is the nature of these early structures? In this essay, an ontology of well-being or housedness is elaborated through phenomenological reflections on breast-feeding and infant perception. Merleau-Ponty's ontology of the flesh makes a contribution to the ontology of well-being: it gives us a conceptual and evocative language to describe human existence in its pre-verbal, syncretic, and non-dualistic manifestations. It also allows for a re-evaluation and re-interpretation of the results of current research in infant perception. Through the structures of infant perception we perceive the coexistential fit between infants, other human beings, and the world of things. An infant's fundamental housedness in the flesh is taken up and cultivated or destroyed by the child's social and cultural environment.
Disordering of MgAl2O4spinel from first principles
Authors: Warren M. C. , Dove M. T. , Redfern S. A. T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAt high temperature, MgAl2O4spinel is stabilized by disorder of Mg and Al between octahedral and tetrahedral sites. This behaviour has been measured up to 1700 K in recent neutron experiments, but the extrapolation of subsequently fitted thermodynamic models is not reliable. First principles simulation of the electronic structure of such minerals can in principle accurately predict disorder, but would require unfeasibly large computing resources. We have instead parameterized on-site and short-ranged cluster potentials using a small number of electronic structure simulations at zero temperature. These potentials were then used in large-scale statistical simulations at finite temperatures to predict disordering thermodynamics beyond the range of experimental measurements. Within the temperature range of the experiment, good agreement is obtained for the degree of order. The entropy and free energy are calculated and compared to those from macroscopic models.
Overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 impairs pre-T-cell receptor–induced proliferation but not differentiation of immature thymocytes
Authors: Trop Sébastien , De Sepulveda Paulo , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos , Rottapel Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCytokines play an essential role during early T-cell development. However, the mechanisms controlling cytokine signaling in developing thymocytes have not been elucidated. Cytokine receptor signaling can be modulated by suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1), which acts as a negative regulator of Janus kinases. SOCS-1 is normally expressed throughout thymocyte development; however, retroviral-mediated overexpression of SOCS-1 in fetal liver–derived hematopoietic progenitors prevented their progression beyond the earliest stage of T-cell development. Further analysis revealed that SOCS-1 expression is transiently suppressed following pre-T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Moreover, constitutive expression of SOCS-1 abrogated pre-TCR– mediated expansion of immature thymocytes but did not interfere with differentiation. These findings reveal that SOCS-1 serves to regulate cytokine signaling at critical checkpoints during early T-cell development.
Alterations of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in the erythropoietin-independent Spi-1/PU.1 transgenic proerythroblasts
Authors: Barnache Stéphane , Mayeux Patrick , Payrastre Bernard , Moreau-Gachelin Françoise 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDuring the cell transformation processes leading to erythroleukemia, erythroid progenitors often become erythropoietin (Epo)-independent for their proliferation. The biochemical events that could lead an erythroleukemic cell to growth factor–independence were investigated using spi-1 transgenic poerythroblasts. Spi-1/PU.1 is a myeloid and B-cell transcription factor of the ETS family and is activated by insertional mutagenesis during Friend erythroleukemia. Its overexpression in proerythroblasts induces their differentiation arrest without altering their erythropoietin requirement for proliferation (HS1 cells). At a later step, genetic alterations most probably occur allowingspi-1 transgenic poerythroblasts to proliferate in the absence of erythropoietin (HS2 cells). The signaling transduction pathways in HS1 and HS2 proerythroblasts were analyzed. The authors have previously shown that the Jak/STAT pathway was not activated in Epo-independent cells, but remained sensitive to Epo stimulation. In the present study, it is shown that the Epo-independent proliferation of HS2 cells requires active phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In these cells, PI3K was constitutively associated with the molecular adapters Grb2 and Gab1, and with the phosphatases SHP-2 and SHIP. Moreover, PI3K activity was correlated with the constitutive phosphorylation of serine-threonine protein kinase (AKT) in HS2 cells. Lastly, a constitutive activation of the MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in HS2 cells was observed that occurs in a PI3K-independent manner, but depends strictly on the activity of the protein kinase C (PKC). These results suggest that constitutive activations of PI3K/AKT and PKC/MAPK pathways can act in synergy to lead a proerythroblast to proliferate without Epo.
Daily Physical Activity, Sports Participation, and Executive Function in Children
Authors: Yang Lu , Corpeleijn Eva , Hartman Esther 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceIt is unclear whether daily physical activity and sports participation relate to executive function (EF) in children.ObjectiveTo explore associations between early-life physical activity, sports participation, and executive function in primary school children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData for this cohort study were collected from April 2006 to December 2017 from the Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity (GECKO) Drenthe birth cohort, which includes Northern Dutch children. Preschool children aged 5 to 6 years and primary school children aged 10 to 11 years with valid EF, daily physical activity, and sports participation data were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from May 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresAt ages 5 to 6 years, daily physical activity was measured with accelerometry. At ages 10 to 11 years, sports participation data were collected using the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health–Enhancing Physical Activity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresExecutive function was assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function at ages 10 to 11 years.ResultsA total of 880 children (470 female [53.4%]; mean [SD] age at EF measurement, 11.1 [0.4] years) were included. Moderate to vigorous physical activity at ages 5 to 6 years did not correlate with EF at ages 10 to 11 years (eg, Global Executive Composite [GEC]: β, 0.16; 95% CI, −0.21 to 0.53). Higher levels of light physical activity at ages 5 to 6 years were associated with poorer inhibitory control (β, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.24-1.47) and self-monitoring (β, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.09-1.48) at ages 10 to 11 years, while greater sedentary time was associated with better inhibitory control (β, −0.62; 95% CI, −1.08 to −0.16) and self-monitoring (β, −0.57; 95% CI, −1.09 to −0.06). Compared with children engaged in individual sports, team sports participants exhibited better overall EF (mean difference [SE], −3.03 [0.81]), behavior regulation (mean difference [SE], −3.39 [0.77]), and metacognition (mean difference [SE], −2.55 [0.81]). Children involved in both types of sports vs only individual sports had better EF (GEC: mean difference [SE], −2.66 [0.93]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of Dutch children, early-life moderate to vigorous physical activity was not associated with EF in middle childhood. Children participating in team sports at ages 10 to 11 years consistently exhibited superior EF compared with participants in individual sports.
Cannabis Use and Trajectories of Depression and Stress Across the Prenatal Period
Authors: Constantino-Pettit Anna , Tillman Rebecca , Wilson Jillian , Lashley-Simms Nicole , Vatan Naazanene , Atkinson Azaria , Leverett Shelby D. , Lenze Shannon , Smyser Christopher D. , Bogdan Ryan , Rogers Cynthia , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceCannabis use among pregnant individuals has increased. Depression and stress are frequently reported motives for cannabis use that may prolong using cannabis during pregnancy.ObjectiveTo examine associations between changes in depression, stress, and self-reported prenatal cannabis use (PCU), to examine motives for PCU, and to examine whether trajectories of depression and stress vary across individuals who report using cannabis to cope with mental health symptoms and/or stress, those who use cannabis for other reasons, and those who do not report PCU.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study recruited pregnant individuals at an obstetric clinic at an academic hospital between July 2019 and January 2024 and followed them during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals with a history of lifetime cannabis use were included. Individuals reporting heavy episodic alcohol use or with other illicit drug use were excluded.ExposureSelf-reported PCU.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were self-reported depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), stress (Cohen Perceived Stress Scale), and cannabis use at each trimester during pregnancy, as well as motives for cannabis use during the first trimester (T1). Stability and changes in depression and stress scores and categorical self-reported prenatal cannabis use from T1 to the third trimester (T3) were estimated using individual linear growth curve models.ResultsIn this sample of 504 patients (all identified as women; median [IQR] age, 26 [18-40] years), 236 individuals (46.8%) reported PCU after pregnancy knowledge. Depression, stress, and PCU decreased from T1 to T3 (all slope estimates less than −0.29; SEs, 0.23-0.7; all P &amp;lt; .001). There were positive associations between depression and PCU at T1 (r = 0.17; P = .004) and in their rate of change (r = 0.18; P = .01). Only T1 stress and PCU were correlated (r = 0.14; P = .004). Participants reporting PCU for mental health reasons (137 participants [58.1%]) had the highest depression scores at each trimester; however, their rate of change in depression was statistically equivalent to those who did not use cannabis.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of PCU, participants who used cannabis did not experience a more significant decline in stress or depression symptoms compared with those who did not use cannabis. Individuals who used cannabis for mental health reasons did not hasten a decrease in their symptoms. Health care professionals are encouraged to enhance prenatal individuals’ access to empirically supported treatments for depression and stress.
Propylene
Authors: Akah Aaron , Xu Qi , AlHerz Mansour 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article provides an overview of propylene's properties, production methods, and its significance in the chemical industry. Propylene is a colorless, flammable hydrocarbon gas, which is used as a petrochemical building block. It is primarily produced as a by‐product of ethylene production from the steam cracking of hydrocarbons. Propylene is used in the synthesis of a wide range of products, including polypropylene plastics, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, and acrylic acid. The demand for propylene has been steadily increasing due to its versatility and the growth of industries such as automotive, construction, and packaging.
Transmission‐Line Matrix (TLM) Method
Authors: Christopoulos Christos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The chapter presents the fundamental ideas behind the transmission‐line modeling or matrix (TLM) method and its application to complex electromagnetic problems. TLM is considered from different points of view to illustrate its properties and modeling capabilities. A number of more recent enhancements to TLM are presented, especially in the area of materials and multiscale modeling. The chapter gives a concise introduction to advanced TLM topics and applications.
Near‐Ground Propagation Mechanisms in Wireless Communications
Authors: Michalski Krzysztof A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we reexamine the solution of the century‐old Sommerfeld problem of a vertical or horizontal elementary Hertzian dipole antenna radiating over a material half‐space. This classical problem is still relevant to many modern applications, including geophysical prospecting, detection of unexploded ordnance, near‐ground sensors, on‐body networks, surface radar, and cellular wireless communications. To gain more insight into the near‐ground wireless propagation mechanisms, we derive the asymptotic field expressions by using the modified saddle‐point integration method, paying particular attention to the so‐called Norton surface wave and its significance in the total field of the dipole. We also extend the theory to include the effect of a thin, low‐loss overlayer. We illustrate and validate the theoretical developments by numerical results involving on‐surface and elevated transmitter–receiver configurations and different lower half‐space media, including seawater and urban ground, with emphasis on modern high‐frequency applications, where the media losses are relatively small. We also include a brief review of the history of the Sommerfeld half‐space problem with references to the most pertinent literature.
Multiscale Confinement‐Modulated Cellulosic Dielectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Devices
Authors: Huang Huancheng , Nong Xinyue , Zhang Pinle , Xu Yanhao , Chen Junyu , Yu Fanchao , Zhang Cheng , Xiao Xiang , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi , Liu Xinliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rapid rise of triboelectric nanogenerators, an innovative technology for low‐frequency energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing, has increased the interest in high‐performance triboelectric materials. Enhancing the surface charge density via dielectric modulation is essential for high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerators. As the most abundant biopolymer on earth, cellulose has remarkable properties such as excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, and tunable surface chemistry, indicating its significant application potential in the design and fabrication of triboelectric nanogenerators. Owing to its unique multiscale structure and excellent processability, cellulose holds substantial promise for dielectric modulation. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the rational design and tailored preparation of cellulosic materials with optimal dielectric constants. First, the multiscale structure and exceptional advantages of cellulosic materials are interpreted. A comprehensive investigation into multiscale confinement‐modulated cellulosic dielectric materials encompassing cellulosic molecules, dipoles, and fibers along with their dipoles is undertaken and the significance of interfacial polarization is explored. Furthermore, the emerging applications of cellulosic materials with superior dielectric properties in triboelectric nanogenerators, including energy harvesting, self‐powered sensing, and self‐powered medical and smart monitoring systems, are described. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for cellulosic dielectric modulation are summarized.
Halometallate Ionic Liquid Dynamically Regulates Zwitterionic Hydrogels by Synergistic Multiple‐Bond Networks
Authors: Jiang Jiali , Zhao Long 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImproving the compatibility between high concentration metallic ions and zwitterions to controllable construction of coordination bonds is critical and extremely challenging. Here, a facile and effective strategy to fabricate multifunctional hydrogels by randomly copolymerizing halometallate ionic liquids (ILs) and zwitterions through electron beam irradiation is reported. Introducing metal ions into ILs can balance charges and establish moderate and stable cross‐linked networks with zwitterions. The synergistic effect of coordination bonds and multiple interactions with varying strengths endows hydrogel with outstanding stretchability, compressive strength, rapid response, advanced self‐healing ability, and excellent frost resistance. The multifunctional sensor assembled from hydrogels can timely, accurately, and stably monitor human movement, write anti‐counterfeiting and remotely transmit Morse code signals. Multiple hydrogel sensors are also assembled into a flexible sensor array to track the tactile trajectory and detect spatial distribution of force. Moreover, the obtained hydrogel displays high temperature sensitivity with resistance temperature coefficient of −3.85% °C−1 at 25–40 °C, which can detect tiny temperature changes (0.1 °C). Interestingly, the processed hydrogel can effectively modulate the transmissivity through salt triggering to achieve patterning. Considering the structural designability of halometallate ILs, this work provides new insights for the development of multifunctional hydrogels.
Short‐Time and High‐Performance Recovery of Critical Metal Elements From Spent Ternary Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Selective Synergic Coordination Effect
Authors: Liu Tianchi , Yan Zidi , Xin Weiwen , Cui Yanglansen , Ling Haoyang , Zhang Zhehua , Zhou Shengyang , Li Ke , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecycling of spent ternary lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for both resource recovery and environmental sustainability. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as an eco‐friendly leaching agent, offer a promising alternative to mineral acids for the metal recovery. However, current DES‐based systems primarily focus on binary LiCoO2 batteries and suffer from complex leaching conditions, including high operation temperature, long reaction time. Herein, a dual‐function green solution is synthesized using choline chloride and tartaric acid, enabling direct precipitation of nickel (Ni) and separation of cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), and lithium (Li) within 50 min at 100 °C, without requiring additional reducing agents throughout the process. The recovery efficiency of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn reached 99.2%, 97.3%, 94.4%, and 94.1%, respectively, while the purity of Ni products approached 99.9%. The used system is suitable for recycling various types of ternary batteries. Additionally, both theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that Ni ions exhibit superior binding energy and coordination with DESs compared to other ions, attributed to the synergistic effect of strong interaction and stable chelation. This research offers a promising method for the replenishment of essential metal resources.
Phosphorus‐Tuned Nickel Boride Nanocatalyst with Enhanced p–p Interaction for Expediting Sulfur Electrochemistry in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Hongyang , Huang Zhanpeng , Qian Pengsen , Wang Yuqi , Gao Rui , Bendounan Azzedine , Wang Huimin , Chen Zhesheng , Zeng Haibo , Li Gaoran 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRationally modulating the electronic structure of sulfur electrocatalysts is essential for the development of reliable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, a phosphorus‐doping strategy is presented to finely tune the electronic properties of nickel boride (P‐NiB), facilitating highly efficient sulfur electrocatalysis. Through a combination of theoretical modeling and experimental validation, It is demonstrated that the electronegative P reduces the occupancy of B 2p orbitals, promoting B─S bonding via enhanced p‐p orbital interaction. Meanwhile, P and Ni atoms also exhibit strong affinities to polysulfides via p‐p and p‐d interactions, respectively, rendering a globally sulphophilic catalyst that effectively confines polysulfides and lowers conversion energy barriers. This leads to fast and durable sulfur redox reactions, with P‐NiB‐based Li–S cells outperforming their undoped NiB and bare carbon counterparts in both cyclability (1000 cycles) and rate capability (5 C). Furthermore, a high areal capacity of up to 8.94 mAh cm−2 is achieved under high‐loading and lean‐electrolyte conditions, along with the demonstration of a multi‐layered pouch cell delivering a high overall capacity of 1.2 Ah. This work highlights an efficient anion‐tuning strategy for optimizing metal boride‐based sulfur electrocatalysis, offering a promising pathway toward high‐performance and practically viable Li–S batteries.