bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelamiento estocástico de la evolución de la trasmisión de virus altamente contagiosos en lugares concurridos
Authors: Fedosov Valery , Fedossova Alina , Buitrago-Suescún Oscar 
Published: November 2020

Se propone un modelo matemático para la estimación estocástica del número de portadores de virus SARS-COv-2 en lugares donde hay alta concentración de población como centros comerciales u otros espacios cerrados. El objetivo de trabajo es obtener un modelo matemático de propagación de virus en espacios cerrados calculando el número de portadores nuevos dependiendo del cumplimiento o violación de las distancias seguras y de normas de protección, así como un algoritmo heurístico para su solución. Se recurrió al modelamiento matemático para abordar la situación de transmisión de virus y desarrollar un algoritmo heurístico para la solución del modelo matemático obtenido. La programación, los experimentos numéricos y los gráficos se realizaron en MATLAB. Los experimentos numéricos obtenidos para diferentes casos muestran la dependencia que existe entre la cantidad de nuevos portadores de virus con el no cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de distanciamiento social y de uso de elementos de protección personal. El modelo está abierto a complementos y mejoras y puede ser de interés para soportar la toma de decisiones que deben tomar las autoridades sanitarias y administrativas. El algoritmo resuelve el modelo matemático propuesto para rastrear la transmisión del virus cuando no se cumplen distancias seguras y de protección recomendadas. La aplicación del algoritmo permite proponer controles en situaciones complejas y poco predecibles de desarrollo epidémico en concentraciones de población, por lo que puede utilizarse para mejorar la calidad de las medidas médicas proactivas y demás decisiones relacionadas.
Comparison of Antifungal Properties of Gold, Silver, and Selenium Nanoparticles Against Amphotericin B-Resistant Candida glabrata Clinical Isolates
Authors: Lotfali Ensieh , Toreyhi Hossein , Makhdoomi Sharabiani Kamyab , Fattahi Azam , Soheili Amirali , Ghasemi Reza , Keymaram Mahyar , Rezaee Yasaman , Iranpanah Sayna 
Published: November 2020

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of Nanoparticles (NPs) against amphotericin B-resistant Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) strains.
Methods: Twelve resistant (C. glabrata) strains were isolated from archived clinical isolates. Antifungal activity was conducted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute’s (CLSI) guidelines, document M27-A3/S4. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphological changes of strains exposed to each nanoparticle.
Results: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of nanoparticles of all strains was in the concentration range of 0.125 to 0.5 µg/Ml. The synthesized Ag-NPs showed superior antifungal activity against (C. glabrata) compared to Se-NPs and Au-NPs. The scanning electron microscope images revealed the difference in the fungal morphology between the untreated and treated fungi with nanoparticles.
Conclusion: The Ag-NPs, followed by Se-NPs synthesized, revealed significant antifungal activity against resistance regardless of their antifungal-resistant mechanisms.
Investigating on the Residue of Organophosphate Pesticides in the Water of the Hablehrood River, Garmsar, Iran
Authors: Safari Mohammad , Ahmadfazeli Ali , Vatandoost Hassan , Karimaee Mostafa , Panahi Davood , Shokri Mohammadali , Moradian Mehdi , Soleimani Zahra 
Published: November 2020

Background: Organophosphate pesticides are of concern to the drinking water supply and high risks on human health.
Methods: An occurrence survey was performed in the spring and summer of 2016 for 6 months to assess the preva­lence of organophosphate pesticides in the Hablehrood River that is located in Semnan Province. Besides, 10 kinds of organophosphate pesticides were sampled in 5 stations. Moreover, were measured by Gas Chromatography (GC) was supported by an electron capture detector (ECD) and Turbochrom software. In all stations, Diazinon was detect­ed in the spring and summer, but Malathion only in the spring.
Results: The highest concentration of Diazinon was observed at the Mahmoud Abad station in spring (0.94ppb) and the Bonekooh station in the summer (0.93ppb). The highest and lowest concentrations of Malathion were detected in Mahmoud Abad (0.35ppb), and Gache station, respectively.
Conclusion: The concentration of pesticides in BoneKooh and Mahmood Abad was higher than the standard.
Detection of the Invasive Mosquito Species Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus on the Southern Coast of the Crimean Peninsula
Authors: Ganushkina Lyudmila , Lukashev Alexander , Patraman Ivan , Razumeyko Vladimir , Shaikevich Еlena 
Published: November 2020

Background: The incidence and area of arbovirus infections is increasing around the world. It is largely linked to the spread of the main arbovirus vectors, invasive mosquito of the genus Aedes. Previously, it has been reported that Aedes aegypti reemerged in Russia after a 50-year absence. Moreover, in 2011, Ae. albopictus was registered in the city of Sochi (South Russia, Black Sea coast) for the first time. In 2013, Asian Ae. koreicus was found in Sochi for the first time.
Methods: Mosquitoes were collected using the following methods: larvae with a dip net, imago on volunteers and using bait traps. The mosquitoes were identified using both morphology and sequencing of the second internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster.
Results: In August 2016, Ae. koreicus larvae and imago and a single male of Ae. aegypti were found on the southern coast of the Crimean Peninsula, where they were not registered before. Newly obtained DNA sequences were registered in GenBank with the accession numbers MF072936 and MF072937.
Conclusion: Detection of invasive mosquito species (Ae. aegypti and Ae. koreicus) implies the possibility of their area expansion. Intensive surveillance is required at the Crimean Peninsula to evaluate the potential for the introduction of vector-borne diseases.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on Sleep Quality of Students with Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Mohammadi Saeed , Maleki Mahboobeh , Tashkeh Mojtaba , Foroughi Aliakbar , Goodarz Golfam 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Anxiety disorders are usually accompanied with sleep disorders. Since limited studies have focused on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on anxiety-related problems such as sleep disorders, the current research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of this intervention on sleep problems.
Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial with control and treatment groups. The sample consisted of 24 university students diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and Pitts-burgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess the dependent variables. There were measurements during pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages.
Results: The treatment could significantly improve the anxiety and sleeping problems in patients with social anxiety. Assessing the aspects of sleep quality showed that the intervention could improve the subjective aspects, latency, dis-turbance, and daily dysfunctions of sleep effectively; however, there was no significant effect on the duration of sleep, taking sleep medications, or sleep efficiency.
Conclusion: Mindfulness treatment could be used for improving sleep quality in patients with social anxiety. This treatment could also improve the aspects of sleep quality which are related to sleep threshold.
The Effect of Daily in-School Sleep Program on Educational Performance among High School Students
Authors: Pourabbasi Ata , Amirkhani Manzar , Nouriyengejeh Sarah N 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Sleep is one of the important factors in the quality of brain function. In particular, the function of the person, learning, memory, concentration, and the potential of the individual are closely related to sleep. With regard to age and physiological changes, the average sleep time among adolescents is low. In this study, the effect of a daily nap on the promotion of academic performance of high school adolescents in Tehran, Iran, has been assessed.
Materials and Methods: In this research, 56 high school students from one of Tehran's schools with an average age of 15.3 years were volunteered. Students went to the school hall after finishing classes in the morning at 12:10, and it was 50 minutes when they were considered for their sleep. Students informed researchers with a questionnaire on the educa-tional activities outside the school.
Results: The participants showed to have an average of 2059.50 minutes after-school activity during the 2 weeks preced-ing the intervention, which reached 2388.11 minutes after the implementation of the in-school sleep program. This time was significantly higher than after-school activity time before intervention.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, there is a significant positive correlation between daytime napping and the capacity of after-school activity in adolescents. More investigation about installing in-school sleep programs for improving educational performance in adolescents is recommended.
Assessment of the Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Circadian Type in Nurses with Shift and Daytime Work
Authors: Afshari Saleh Lahya , Rezaei Ardani Amir , Rafeemanesh Ehsan , Kheradmand Pegah 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Chronotypes vary in different people, and the daily function outside of the framework of this rhythm can affect the quality of work. This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep disorders and chronotypes among the shift and day work nurses.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among nurses in two teaching hospitals in Mash-had, Iran, during 2016-2017. A total of 180 randomly-selected nurses were divided into shift work and day work groups. Participants completed demographic information form, Circadian Type Inventory (CTI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Results: A total of 180 female nurses (90 participants in each group) with a mean age of 35.62 ± 4.07 years were stud-ied. The prevalence of rigid circadian rhythm in the day work group (93.3%) was significantly (P = 0.004) higher than shift work group (78.9%). However, the groups did not show any significant difference regarding the languid/vigorous (LV) index of the CTI (P = 0.080). There was a significant difference in the mean score of CTI between individuals with rigid and flexible circadian rhythms in the shift work group (P = 0.021).
Conclusion: In the present study, although there was no association between circadian type and sleep problems includ-ing insomnia and daytime sleepiness in shift work nurses, we observed the capability of coping with working in the rotating shifts in nurses with flexible circadian rhythms.
Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Population
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Valiollah , Montazar Elham , Rezaei Sajjad , Poorabolghasem Hosseini Shima 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Physiological process of sleep is considered as one of the influential factors of human’s health and mental functions, especially in the elderly. This research aimed at studying the association between sleep quality and the cognitive functions in the elderly population.
Materials and Methods: A total of 200 elderly people (65 years and older) who were the members of retirees associa-tion in Mashhad, Iran, participated in this cross-sectional study. The participants were asked to answer the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Correlation between the total scores of PSQI and MoCA was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. In order to predict the cognitive func-tion based on different aspects of PSQI, multiple regression analysis by hierarchical method was used after removing confounding variables.
Results: A significant association was found between PSQI and MoCA (P < 0.001, r = -0.55) suggesting that the com-ponents of use of sleeping medication (P < 0.001, r = -0.47), sleep disorders (P < 0.001, r = -0.37), sleep latency (P < 0.001, r = -0.34), subjective sleep quality (P < 0.001, r = -0.32), sleep duration (P < 0.001, r = -0.27), sleep effi-ciency (P < 0.001, r = -0.26), and daytime dysfunction (P < 0.001, r = -0.15) had significant negative correlation with cognitive function, and the four components of subjective sleep quality (P = 0.010, β = -0.15), sleep latency (P = 0.040, β = -0.13), sleep disorders (P = 0.010, β = -0.26), and use of sleeping medication (P = 0.010, β = -0.26) played a role in prediction of cognitive function in regression analysis.
Conclusion: Poor sleep quality, sleep latency, insomnia, sleep breathing disorder, and use of sleeping medication play a determining role in cognitive function of the elderly. Thus, taking care of the sleep health is necessary for the elderly.
Sleep Disorders and Fatigue among Health Care Providers Working at University Hospitals
Authors: Tabrizi Nasim , Sharifi-Razavi Athena , Alizadeh Mitra 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Sleep disorder and fatigue are common among health care workers (HCWs) and negative-ly affect their quality of life and caregiving to the patients. Early diagnosis and rapid modification of causative factors might prevent the potential disastrous results of these problems on personal and population health. This study aimed to evaluate the state of sleep and fatigue among HCWs of hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sci-ences, Iran, and their related factors.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2014 to December 2014 among HCWs at hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Demographic data, medical history, and occupation-al shift information were recorded. Sleep quality was assessed by the valid and reliable Persian versions of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Fatigue was evaluated by valid and reliable Persian version of Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: 595 HCWs participated in the study. According to ISI, 48.4% of HCWs experienced subthreshold insomnia, 25.4% were affected by moderate, and 5.0% by severe clinical insomnia. PSQI indicated poor sleep quality in 79.8% of the participants. 71.6% of HCWs had FSS of 4 or more, which was correlated to gender, age, and sleep quality. Correla-tion of sleep quality components with participants’ shift characteristics was also investigated.
Conclusion: Sleep disorders and fatigue are common in HCWs of university hospitals. Correction of certain modifiable factors can reduce negative consequences of sleep disorders and fatigue in HCWs.
An Overnight Rhythmic Sleep-Wake Pattern in Stroke and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Amirifard Hamed , Najafi Arezu , Rahimi-Golkhandan Ania , Shojaie Mahsa 
Published: November 2020

Background and Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep breathing disorder and a comorbid condition in patients with stroke. The prevalence of sleep disorders as a stroke consequence is high. Being independent of vascular risk factors, OSA is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. Here, we report a patient with OSA and stroke.
Case Report: This case report presents a patient with a history of stroke and hemiparesis who underwent polysomnog-raphy (PSG) for evaluating OSA because of snoring, witnessed apnea, and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Then the subject underwent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration for treating OSA. In first night of PSG, there was a repetitive cyclic pattern of sleep and arousals. After CPAP titration study and with CPAP pressure of 15 cmH2o, OSA and rhythmic changes of electroencephalography (EEG) were resolved.
Conclusion: OSA as a risk factor for stroke can be associated with PSG cyclic wake-sleep pattern in these patients, and this pattern can be resolved by CPAP therapy.
Comparison of Treatment Methods in the Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Authors: Altınbilek Ertugrul , Algın Abdullah , Çalık Mustafa , Guven Ece , Ozturk Derya , Guven Ramazan , Uysal Ender 
Published: November 2020

Aim: Acute ischemic stroke is an emergency clinical condition that occurs as a result of acute intracranial arterial occlusion and neural tissue destruction. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes in patients who were performed intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), mechanical thrombectomy (MT), or both.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 131 patients who underwent IVT, MT or both who has the diagnosis of AIS in our hospital between June 1, 2018, and February 1, 2018, were assessed. Age, sex, concomitant chronic diseases, NIHSS score, treatment-related complications, the time between disease presentation and hospital arrival, the duration of treatment, the one-month mortality rates and modified Rankin scores (MRS) were recorded. One-month mortality, NIHSS, and MRS were compared with treatment modalities and other factors.
Results: The mean age of 131 patients included in the study was 71.79±12.67. The MRS did not differ significantly in the groups with IVT, MT, and IVT+MT (p> 0.05). In the IVT and MT groups, the NIHSS score increased significantly after the treatment (p <0.05). In the MT+IVT group, the NIHSS score after treatment did not change significantly (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: No significant relationship between mortality rates and MRS with treatment method was found. Complication rates were also not different among three treatment groups.
Effects of Cymbopogon Citratus and Physical Exercises on Obese Women’s Anthropometric and Hemodynamic Parameters in Cameroon
Authors: HAMADOU A. , AÏKPE J. F. AHOUNOU , GUESSOGO1L W. R , BONOY L. , GNANSOUNOU B. , GBENOU J. D. , DANSOU H. P. 
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to assess the combined effects of exercise and consumption of Cymbopogon citratus on anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters in obese women. Forty (40) obese women were divided into four groups: group 1 (G1) was subjected to physical exercises and consumption of Cymbopogon citratus; group 2 (G2) had consumed only Cymbopogon citratus; group (G3) was practiced only physical exercises and group 4 (G4) have neither consumed Cymbopogon citratus and nor practiced physical exercises. The anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters were measured on three days : D0, D30 and D60. The results showed various modifications of the variables studied. In group G1, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) decreased significantly (p < 0.001), as well as fat index and size circumference (p < 0.01). Fat mass, Hip circumference, blood pressure and rest heart rate were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). For G2, weight and BMI decreased (p < 0.01). Loss of muscle mass was observed (p < 0.05). In G3, weight decreased (p < 0.05) while muscle mass increased (p < 0.05). On analysis, the most significant changes were observed in group G1. Association of physical exercise and Cymbopogon citratus consumption has more beneficial effects on anthropometric and hemodynamic parameters in obese people.
Enxaqueca Crónica e Refratária: Como Diagnosticar e Tratar
Authors: Parreira Elsa , Luzeiro Isabel , Pereira Monteiro José Maria 
Published: November 2020

A enxaqueca é uma cefaleia muito prevalente na população com importantes custos pessoais, sociais e económicos e é a segunda causa a nível mundial de anos vividos com incapacidade. As suas variantes, crónica (aquela que ocorre mais de 15 dias por mês) e refratária (resistente ao tratamento), sobretudo quando se complicam de uso excessivo de analgésicos, embora mais raras, constituem as formas que causam maior incapacidade. Os autores revêm estes três tipos de cefaleias (enxaqueca refratária, enxaqueca crónica e cefaleia secundária a utilização excessiva de analgésicos) que constituem um grupo de cefaleias de difícil terapêutica. São revistos a epidemiologia, os aspetos clínicos, os critérios de diagnóstico, as comorbilidades, os fatores de agravamento e o impacto destas cefaleias sobre a qualidade de vida dos doentes. O tratamento de cada uma destas entidades é abordado, ressalvando a importância de uma abordagem abrangente, considerando o tratamento das comorbilidades, a utilidade de medidas não farmacológicas, o imperativo de evitar o abuso de analgésicos e a necessidade absoluta de tratamento profilático. São revistos os diferentes tratamentos profiláticos disponíveis (e a evidência científica da sua eficácia), tais como os fármacos preventivos orais (neuromodeladores como o topiramato), a toxina botulínica tipo A e os novos medicamentos preventivos para a enxaqueca (anticorpos monoclonais que atuam sobre o péptido relacionado com o gene da calcitonina ou o seu recetor, e que são os primeiros medicamentos preventivos desenvolvidos especificamente para atuar na fisiopatogenia da enxaqueca. Para os casos refratários são consideradas outras alternativas terapêuticas como a neuroestimulação.
Aprendizagem Assistida por Pares: Uma Alternativa Pedagógica no Ensino de Competências a Estudantes de Medicina
Authors: Ribeiro Joana Fernandes , Rosete Manuel , Teixeira Andreia , Conceição Hugo , Santos Lèlita 
Published: November 2020

Introdução: O treino de competências técnicas é fundamental para a prática clínica, mas pouco explorado no currículo médico pré-graduado. Neste contexto, o método de aprendizagem assistida por pares tem surgido como uma alternativa válida para contrariar esta insuficiência formativa. Neste estudo pretende-se avaliar o impacto, nos estudantes, de um programa de aprendizagem assistida por pares em técnicas cirúrgicas básicas, relativamente a competências técnicas e conhecimentos adquiridos.Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 104 estudantes do terceiro ano de Medicina para participarem numa formação, lecionada por estudantes do quinto ano. Um total de 34 estudantes foram avaliados antes e após formação, através do instrumento Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills, composto por uma escala global de avaliação e uma lista de verificação específica de procedimentos. Estudantes do sexto ano (grupo de controlo) foram também submetidos a uma avaliação, sem formação. Os resultados do Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills obtidos pelos estudantes antes da formação versus após a formação foram comparados através dos testes de Wilcoxon e McNemar. Para comparar os resultados do Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills obtidos pelos estudantes após formação versus grupo de controlo foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher.Resultados: Na escala global de avaliação, os estudantes obtiveram uma pontuação após a formação (29,5) significativamente superior à obtida antes da formação (15,5; p-value < 0,001), não tendo sido encontradas diferenças significativas entre após a formação e grupo de controlo (p-value = 0,167). Na lista de verificação específica de procedimentos, os estudantes obtiveram uma evolução significativamente positiva em todos os parâmetros, sendo que estudantes após a formação obtiveram, maioritariamente, uma percentagem de realizações corretas bastante superior ao grupo de controlo.Discussão: Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma melhoria qualitativa e quantitativa significativa do conhecimento e competências técnicas dos estudantes, o que se encontra em consonância com a literatura encontrada.Conclusão: Este programa de aprendizagem assistida por pares revelou-se promissor para a melhoria das competências técnicas cirúrgicas dos estudantes de medicina, com utilização de escassos recursos da faculdade e extensão a um número mais alargado de estudantes.