bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Skin Properties of Sites Predisposed to Pressure Ulcers in Bedridden Elderly Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kohara Hiroko Takeshima , Ikeda Mitsunori , Yokotani Kunihiko , Okawa Masami , Nishimoto Sanae 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have not specifically measured skin characteristics at common sites of pressure ulcers in high-risk older patients. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the physiological skin characteristics at common pressure ulcer sites and their relationship with pressure ulcer risk and demographic/laboratory data in bedridden older Japanese patients. Methods: Fifty-five older patients (32 female) with a mean age of 82.4 ± 9.8 years (range, 61-103 years) in a long-term care facility and 25 female Japanese university students with a mean age of 21.4 ± 1.3 years (range, 20-22 years) were recruited for the study. Skin surface temperature, epidermal water content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin erythema/redness, skin elasticity, and skin thickness were measured noninvasively and compared between age groups. The sacral and two heel areas were evaluated as they constitute sites predisposed to pressure ulcers, while the mid-to-lower back area was designated as the control site. Additionally, the correlation between demographic/laboratory data and skin physiological indices was determined. Results: Elderly patients showed a low epidermal water content at both heels (right heel, 14.8 ± 9.1 arbitrary units, AU.; left heel, 14.4 ± 8.3 AU). TEWL remained acceptable at all sites in older patients despite the presence of dry skin (back, 7.1 ± 1.8 g/hm2; sacrum, 7.4 ± 3.0 g/hm2; right heel, 17.7 ± 7.1 g/hm2; left heel, 19.4 ± 8.1 g/hm2). Back (0.61 ± 0.13 AU) and sacral (0.67 ± 0.11 AU) skin elasticity and sacral skin thickness (0.97 ± 0.56 cm) were significantly lower than those of healthy young people (0.86 ± 0.04 AU, 0.87 ± 0.05 AU, and 2.27 ± 0.84 cm, respectively; p < .001 for all sites). Moderate positive correlations were observed between back skin elasticity and serum albumin level (r = .445, p < .001), and between sacral skin thickness and BMI (r = .506, p < .001) in older patients. Conclusions: Older patients have a lower epidermal water content and skin elasticity and thickness but not higher TEWL at sites predisposed to pressure ulcers. Moderate correlations were found between skin characteristics and demographic/laboratory data.
Associations between eating behaviors and muscle strength among Chinese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ding Liang , Zhang Wenbo , Sun Xijun , Wang Yongxiang , Chen Shulei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Poor eating behaviors are associated with imbalances in energy and food intake, which may directly or indirectly contribute to muscle strength loss. This study aimed to investigate the association between eating behaviors and muscle strength in Chinese adults. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study of 2,036 Chinese individuals aged 25–68 years, conducted in 2017. Eating behaviors, including breakfast consumption, snacking after dinner, and eating rate, were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Muscle strength was determined by grip strength and assessed using a digital grip dynamometer. Results: After final adjustments for confounding factors, grip strength was measured as 35.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.6–35.8), 36.0 (95%CI: 35.6–36.4), and 36.9 (95%CI: 36.6–37.2) for those who skipped, occasionally ate, and regularly ate breakfast, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). Those who always, sometimes, and seldom snacked after dinner, respectively (p for trend <0.001), reported the following grip strength: 34.6 (95%CI: 33.9–35.2), 36.2 (95%CI: 35.8–36.6), and 36.8 (95%CI: 36.5–37.2). Significant associations were not found between eating rate and grip strength. Conclusions: Present study showed that higher frequency of breakfast consumption and lower frequency of snacking after dinner were associated with better muscle strength in Chinese adults. Therefore, eating behaviors may be involved in muscle function.
Idebenone protects against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via activation of the Sirt3-SOD2-mtROS pathway
Authors: Jiang Wei , Geng Hongzhi , Lv Xiaoqing , Ma Jing , Lin Pengfei , Yan Chuanzhu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis, which is a form of chronic aortic disease, results from the accumulation and aggregation of oxidized low density lipoprotein（LDL）in the vessel walls, the development of neointima, the formation of a fibrous cap, and the migration of immune cells to the damaged vascular endothelium. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial function is closely associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Idebenone functions as an electron carrier and antioxidant, and previous studies have shown that it effectively clears oxygen-free radicals. In the current study, we demonstrate that idebenone could protect against atherosclerosis using apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Methods: High-fat diet（HFD）and idebenone treatment with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice . A total of 60 mices were randomized into the following four groups: (1) HFD (2) idebenone-low dose (3) idebenone-medium dose and (4) idebenone-high dose for 16 weeks. The HUVECs were pretreated with endothelial cell medium in the presence or absence of 0.2 mM idebenone working solution for 3 h followed by exposure to 10 μM cholesterol for 24 h. Proteomics analysis was performed between the HFD group (n=3) and the high-dose idebenone group (n=3, concentration = 400 mg/kg/d).Results: Compared with the HFD group, Idebenone can suppresses the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and increases the stability of atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-/- mice; Compared with the control group, Idebenone can protects against endothelial cell damage and inhibits the production of mtROS in cholesterol mediated HUVECs; Idebenone could effectively inhibit the development and progression of atherosclerosis and the injury of endothelial cells through the SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS pathway.Conclusions: We showed that idebenone could act as a mitochondrial protective agent during the development and progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the activation of NLPR3 via the SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS pathway. Idebenone may be a promising therapy for patients with atherosclerosis in the future, as it can improve mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibit oxidative stress.
Comparison and overview of Wireless sensor network systems for Medical Applications
Authors: Mathur Avijit , Newe Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The need for technology to assist in medical monitoring applications is becoming more necessary in society as the number of patients in hospital and clinics continues to grow. The demand on staff to monitor every individual consistently becomes necessary. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are now being used to facilitate this on-demand monitoring both at the patients home and in the hospital/clinic environment. This paper looks at the basic parameters necessary for a medical based WSN with particular focus on communication platforms and their security. These parameters will be compared and contrasted, and the main components necessary to form an ideal medical WSN will be highlighted.
Light-Weight Addressing and Routing Schemes for Resource-Constrained WPAN Devices
Authors: Roy Uttam Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Traditional heavyweight routing algorithms are not suitable for resource constrained IEEE 802.15.4 [15] complaint devices. Although, ZigBee [21] provided an addressing scheme and a table-free Tree routing algorithm for such devices, it has several limitations [6, 7, 8, 9].
In this paper, we have proposed a flexible, variable-length addressing scheme together with a new lightweight, table-free routing algorithm. The addressing scheme leverages the properties of prefix code and allows devices to have arbitrary number of children and does not also limit network depth. The routing algorithm uses simple mathematical and/or logical calculations to take routing decisions. Simulation and analytical results show that this flexible mechanism exhibits very low overhead and can be used for virtually all types of network topologies.
Towards High-Speed Raman Spectroscopy for Industrial Sorting Applications
Authors: Biasio M. de , Leitner R. , Balthasar D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A real-time Raman mapping system for detecting and discriminating a range of industrially relevant materials such as glasses and various minerals is presented. The system is built from components that are suitable for industrial conditions. Together with a signal processing and a chemo-metric model, the system was shown to be capable of discriminating between the test materials. We argue that the approach is a novel alternative to established sorting sensors.
A Fuzzy Based Predictive Cluster Head Selection Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Natarajan Hemavathi , Selvaraj Sudha 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clustering, an energy efficient approach is used in Wireless Sensor Network. Clustering involves cluster formation and Cluster Head Selection. As the Cluster Head is involved in carrying out the entire communication, a high energy node has to be selected as Cluster Head. In this paper, a novel predictive Fuzzy based Cluster Head selection algorithm is proposed. The proposal suggests a new input parameter, Rate of recurrent Communication apart from the standard parameters namely the Residual Power of Sensor Nodes, Degree of Neighboring Nodes, Distance between the Node and Base Station, Sensor Node Movement. In this approach, the fuzzy logic evaluates the Cluster Head Selection Probability which is based on the node’s previous communication history to decide the Cluster Head. The proposed algorithm is implemented using Matlab. The simulation results show that the proposed Cluster Head Selection technique is superior to other proposals.
High Frequency Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect of amorphous microwires for magnetic sensors applications
Authors: Zhukov A. , Talaat A. , Ipatov M. , Zhukova V. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We studied the Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect and magnetic properties of amorphous Fe-Co rich magnetic microwires prepared by the Taylor-Ulitovski technique. We observed that these properties can be tailored either controlling magnetoelastic anisotropy of as-prepared Co-rich microwires or controlling their magnetic anisotropy by heat treatment. High GMI effect even at GHz frequencies has been observed in Co-rich microwires.
Modelling of Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of a Thin Film RTD Towards Exhaust Gas Measurement Applications
Authors: Maher Anthony , Velusamy Vijayalakshmi , Riordan Daniel , Walsh Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Current research in the automotive industry sector focuses on the application of platinum thin film sensors for exhaust temperature measurement. The prime intention of this paper is to pioneer the design and development of Platinum/Rhodium (Pt/Rh) sensors for exhaust gas temperature measurement. The developed sensors were able to endure harsh temperature environments (up to 950° C). In addition, the Pt/Rh sensors resistivity response to temperature increase was described by a second order polynomial characteristic equation. This equation can be stored in the electronics incorporated in the engine management system. Therefore, the resistance reading of the Pt/Rh sensor in the exhaust system can be decoded as a temperature measurement.
An all-fiber current sensor based on magnetic fluid clad microfiber knot resonator
Authors: Li Xianli , Lv Fangxing , Wu Zhongying , Ding Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A novel optical current sensor based on microfiber knot resonator (MKR) with magnetic fluid (MF) as cladding is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The operating principles, package technique and mounting method of the proposed sensor are introduced in detail. Moreover, the performances of the proposed sensor are demonstrated experimentally by detecting sinusoidal current with 50Hz and pulse current signals with rising time of 2.5μs respectively. The results have shown that the relationship between the sensor responding and the applied current intensity is approximately linear and the minimal detectable current is 10 Amps with SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio) as 3.
The Three-Dimensional Temperature Indication for the Reactor Core by Using Multiple Thermocouples
Authors: Ye Song Hae , Lee Sooill , Lim Heetaek , Lyou Joon , Kim Sungjin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The premise of accident mitigation lies in the accurate diagnosis of the accident. The serious accident, in which the core of the nuclear reactor at the nuclear power plant (NPP) is melted, is a very serious problem. Examples of this kind of accident may be found in the Fukushima accident. Therefore, a rapid incident response and accurate diagnosis is more important than anything. The ultimate goal of severe accident mitigation at a nuclear reactor is to maintain the confidentiality of the containment building and the cooling of the core meltdown in the reactor. Confirming the progressive state of diagnosis and the cooling of the reactor core when the serious accident occurs is a very important factor in the development of response strategies after the accident. Japan has taken various measures to deal with accidents after the nuclear accident of Fukushima. Strengthening the reliability of the instrumentation system is also included in the counterstrategies. Therefore, this paper presents the expected effects and the temperature distribution display method of the core by using an in-core instrumentation (ICI) with multiple thermocouples. This research project is currently underway in Korea.
Quantitative Evaluation of an FPGA based Wireless Vibration Monitoring System in relation to Different Sampling Rates
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Oelmann Bengt 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to achieve the high-processing performance required in typical computationally intensive high-sample rate monitoring applications, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is often used as a hardware accelerator. Given the design complexity, increased power consumption and additional cost of an FPGA, it is desirable to determine the sampling rates for which the use of an FPGA as hardware accelerator results in most effective solution. For this purpose, a computationally intensive application is realized on an FPGA based architecture so as to determine the sampling rates for which it achieves the highest performance and consumes the least amount of energy as compared to that of a micro-controller based architecture. Based on the measured performance and energy consumption for a computationally intensive application, tri-axes/three-channel vibration based condition monitoring, the results suggest that the FPGA based architecture is the most appropriate solution for sampling frequencies of 4 kHz and above.
Numerical analysis of ultrasonic guided waves propagation in highly attenuative viscoelastic material
Authors: Hong Li , Qingfeng Wang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The propagation of ultrasonic guided waves in viscoelastic isotropic material has been investigated. Based on the plane theory, a numerical model of the guided waves propagating is developed in the frequency domain by employing the SFEM (spectral finite element method). To verify the proposed method, thin bitumen on the steel substrate is examined and compared with the single plate in terms of the dispersion and attenuation. From the dispersion and attenuation of the displacement curves, the propagating properties can be obtained, which depends not only on the viscous parameter, but also on those of the substrate. The guided wave attenuates rapidly at the location near the source, and with the receiver distance increasing, it becomes slowly, compared with single bitumen, the attenuation of amplitude for the guided waves propagating in the viscoelastic is tend to gently. The phenomenon shows propagation distance will increase in bilayer material cause of the substrate influence.
Zirconia potentiometric oxygen sensor activation using NEMCA
Authors: Shuk Pavel , Jantzt Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
NEMCA known for the increasing the catalytic activity/selectivity of the gas exposed electrodes was investigated for the potentiometric zirconia oxygen sensor activation. Electrochemical promotion of O2-sensors with Pt-cermet electrodes aged in the field was significant with up to 5 times in the impedance reduction. Stability test on the NEMCA activated °2 -sensors was showing just a minor impedance increase. Sensor response time was reduced by NEMCA effect by ~5-10% with up to 3 times signal noise reduction on the aged O2-sensors.
Utilizing wave polarization in microwave characterization of heterogeneous anisotropic materials with application to the wood industry
Authors: Bogosanović Mirjana , Emms Gant 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to microwave non-contact, non-destructive testing of wood, investigating additional indicators of wood structure, in particular the significance of wave polarization in transmission measurements. Contribution of wave polarization to wood characterization is studied, considering detection of rapid and gradual variations in wood structure, determination of moisture content and density distribution along the sample, as well as bulk properties detection. A set of microwave sensors in a collinear arrangement was used in two orthogonal linear polarizations. Significant findings are reported, in particular polarization dependence of moisture related attenuation, as well as improved defect detection accuracy when measurements in two orthogonal linear polarizations are considered. In addition, sorting wood samples into categories is considered and the advantages of this approach are presented.
Radio Interferometric Object Tracking
Authors: Zachár Gergely , Simon Gyula , Maróti Miklós 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel object tracking method using radio interferometry. The proposed low cost solution is able to track objects, equipped with a radio receiver, in real time, using only simple infrastructure nodes with radio transceivers at fixed and known locations. The localization method has low computational requirements and does not require any preliminary knowledge of, or measurements in the space where tracking is performed. The paper introduces the novel method and preliminary test results are also presented.
Wavelet Transform Smoothing Filters for Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Signal Cleaning
Authors: Bassey Enobong , Whalley Jacqueline , Sallis Philp , Prasad Krishnamachar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on a series of experiments to evaluate the methods for feature extraction and denoising the digital signal from thin film zinc oxide-tin dioxide composite gas sensor devices. The aim was to find a method that not only cleaned the signal but also maintained the shape, precision and resolution of the signal. It was found that the Savitzky–Golay smoothing filter method gave the best, smoothed and cleaned, approximation of the sensor response regardless of the thin film composition, target gas concentration or operating temperature.
Numerical Terrain Modelling for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
Authors: Parameswaran Vinod , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Underground terrain poses a highly intricate and challenging environment to the propagation of waves carrying information from sensor to the sink nodes. Due to the complexity and level of detail, it is often difficult to realistically model such an environment for conducting tests. However, using numerical methods, the environment characteristics could be translated to a compatible framework, for testing complex networking models such as Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN). Such transformation should lend the necessary clarity and simplicity required for effective problem analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate this possibility using the typical underground terrain environment for nut tree plantations, basing the field data on a full-fledged commercial pecan farm. The results shown are introductory to ongoing research on the effective use of such numerical methods for maximum power efficiency and bit rate for distributed WUSN, and optimum water usage in irrigation control. This paper forms a sequel to previous related research publications.
Thickness Measurement of Aluminum Thin Film using Dispersion Characteristic of Surface Acoustic Wave
Authors: Park Ik Keun , Park Tae Sung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, we suggest a method to measure the thickness of thin films nondestructively using the dispersion characteristics of a surface acoustic wave propagating along the thin film surface. To measure the thickness of thin films, we deposited thin films with different thicknesses with range of 200~1000 nm on a Si(100) wafer by controlling the deposition time by DC sputtering technique. The thickness of the thin films was measured using a scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, the surface wave velocity of the thin films with different thickness was measured using V(z) curve method of scanning acoustic microscopy. The correlation between the measured thickness and surface acoustic wave velocity was verified. The wave velocity of the film decreased as the film thickness increased. Consequently, film thickness can be determined by measuring the dispersion characteristics of the surface acoustic wave velocity.
What happens at the aroma of coffee beans after roasting?
Authors: Sberveglieri Veronica , Pulvirenti Andrea , Comini Elisabetta , Carmona Estefania Nunez 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The coffee aroma is one of the most important quality evaluation criteria employed for coffee commercialization and consumption.
The purpose of this study was following the roasting process VOCs creations with the novel Electronic Nose equipped whit 2 of 6 MOX nanowire sensors.
The nanowires exhibit exceptional crystalline quality and a very high length-to-width ratio, resulting in enhanced sensing capability as well as long-term material stability for prolonged operation.
Four different methods of roasting, made by ROSTAMATIC (Table 1) machine, were applied to gain a clearer picture of the differences in roasted coffee aromas by means of a volatile compound analysis. Different methods applied on four different origins of green coffee (India, Indonesia, Honduras, Santos and Nicaragua).
The commercial coffees products are made from a blending from minimum five different kinds of coffee and the consumers have developed an addiction/expectation to a specific flavor and taste. Different methods of roasting process will provide the coffee different aroma that will add flexibility to those one that already posses the matrix due to different origins.
This work tests and illustrates the broad spectrum of potential uses of the EN technique in food quality control.
A design of PID controllers using FRIT-PSO
Authors: Azuma Takehito , Watanabe Sohei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes the Fictitious Reference Iterative Tuning-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO-FRIT) method to design PID controllers for control systems. The proposed method is an offline PID parameter tuning method and it is not necessary to derive any mathematical models of objected control systems. The proposed method is demonstrated by comparing with the FRIT method in numerical examples.