bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Uncertainty Zones for Vessel Operation in Inland Waterways
Authors: Kotzé Marcus , Junaid Ali Bin , Afzal Muhammad Raheel , Peeters Gerben , Slaets Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
European inland waterways represent an underutilised avenue of transport. Increased use of this avenue has the possibility to decrease emissions and remove traffic from congested roadways. However, there is a shortage of skilled shippers and labour costs threaten to make waterway transport economically unviable. By creating smart ships, the requirement for skilled shippers decreases. The Hull-to-Hull (H2H) project, part of the European Horizon 2020 program, aims to do this through various methods, one of which is the creation of a smart ship navigation system. This system makes use of uncertainty zones in its display and control software to assist a vessel’s helmsman in making safe navigation decisions. Based on the ship’s dynamics and current operating scenario, the uncertainty zones will change shape and size, and different notifications will be given to the helmsman based on the overlapping of the uncertainty zones. This paper focusses on the uncertainty zone based navigation system currently being developed for the inland waterway use case.
Study on Automatic Collision Avoidance System and Method for Evaluating Collision Avoidance Manoeuvring Results
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Okada Naoki , Kuwahara Satoru , Kutsuna Koji , Nakashima Takuya , Ando Hideyuki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The authors have two goals that want to achieve. One is development of an automatic collision avoidance system for unmanned autonomous ships. And the other one is development of evaluation method of automatic collision avoidance manoeuvring results. In this paper, the outline of the developed automatic collision avoidance system and the result of the verification test on the actual ship navigating in congested waters are introduced. And also a discussion of the relationship between COLREGs and the desirable automatic collision avoidance system and methods for quantitatively assessing the desirable automatic collision avoidance system are introduced. In addition, quantitative comparison by the proposed evaluation system between the manoeuvring results of the automatic collision avoidance system and the veteran captain’s manoeuvring results are introduced.
Integrated Maritime Autonomous Transport Systems (IMAT)
Authors: Fjørtoft K E , Haugen Tony 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is an increasing focus on autonomous transport systems, and Norway has a technological and market advantage for such systems in the maritime segment. The national transport plan emphasizes that it is an objective to transfer more cargo onto keel. The MarOff, Maritim21, Hav21 programs and the political platform agrees, that autonomous vessels are an important part of this effort. Sea transport must be competitive with regard to price, efficiency and regularity, and should also have an environmental gain as well as a risk reduction.
Autonomous transport systems are one of the means of moving cargo tranport from truck to ship, but it must be documented that an autonomous transport operation can be carried out effectively, safely, and with enough barriers against errors. Land-based infrastructure will be important for the success of autonomous shipping. This paper will describe the IMAT project’s objectives regarding definition, development and testing of land-based sensors, communication and control systems for support of an autonomous transport operation. The technological infrastructure will be able to give the transport system increased sensor redundancy and is integrated with shore control centres that will ensure safe and efficient operation. Land-based infrastructure is crucial for the safe implementation of autonomous maritime transport systems and has been given less focus compared to the autonomous vessel itself. This is what we will address within the IMAT project.
Prediction of vessel propulsion power using machine learning on AIS data, ship performance measurements and weather data
Authors: Liang Q , Tvete H A , Brinks H W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to utilize AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, ship propulsion power measurements and weather data and apply different machine learning (traditional and deep learning) methods to develop improved models to predict ship propulsion power. The performance between different traditional machine learning methods and deep learning with different architectures were compared and discussed. Two scenarios were explored: 1) Training a machine learning model on one container ship significantly improved the predictions of power demand as compared to a physics-based model, with an R2 score of 0.78 compared to 0.48. 2) A machine learning model was also trained on several container ships. This scenario, where the test data with other container ships was not included in the training dataset, also showed better prediction with machine learning than physics-based model, with an improvement in R2 score from 0.69 to 0.85. However, the use of the trained machine learning model on other ship types showed varying results and especially when the vessel size differed significantly from vessels in the training data, data-driven models showed limitations. For vessels of similar size, however, machine learning for other ship types showed improvements.
Team and Research Based Learning Methods Applied in Multidisciplinary Marine Engineering Education
Authors: Nejad Amir R. , Aoyanagi Yuriko , Ibrion Michaela 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an integrated team-based, and research-based learning approach utilized in lecturing multidisciplinary marine engineering courses. The approach is exemplified during one month Ocean Engineering Summer School program at the Marine Technology Department, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, for a group of students from different universities across Japan. Students with engineering background, but not necessarily marine, joined to learn fundamentals of marine technology, including structure, hydrodynamic and dynamic response analysis presented through offshore structures, subsea equipment, pipelines, offshore wind energy, marine machinery and marine operations. The marine industry has moved toward digitalization and this aspect was an important part of the curriculum, both in terms of tools and methods lectured and employed for each discipline and industrial examples for instance simulation-based design and operation demonstration. An integrated team-based (TBL) and research-based (RBL) learning approach was employed. The outcomes and positive feedback from students and the Nippon Foundation Ocean Innovation Consortium demonstrated that RBL integrated with TBL shifts the students from being “audiences” in the classroom to “active participants”. The program was enriched with a rich cultural program which was found very helpful in learning process by the students. Moreover, the industrial insights added value for implementing the TBL and RBL. The marine engineering development and needs to adopt engineering education for modern marine industry, call for innovative and adaptive educational methods and this article presents some of the innovative methods which can be employed.
Autonomous marine vehicles in sea surveillance as one of the COMPASS2020 project concerns
Authors: Bauk Sanja , Kapidani Nexhat , Lukšic Žarko , Rodrigues Filipe , Sousa Luís 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Coordination Of Maritime assets for Persistent And Systematic Surveillance (COMPASS2020) is an EU H2020 project, which has as an overarching goal deployment of Unmanned Vehicles (UxV) - aerial, sea surface and underwater ones, in addition to manned offshore patrol vessels, to enhance current maritime border surveillance operations regarding detection of irregular migrants and narcotics smugglers. This paper gives an overview of several research projects on autonomous marine vehicles, as a key technological, organizational and legislative issue within the project scope: Kaisa, an autonomous vessel prototype built at SAMK Faculty of Logistics and Maritime Technology in Rauma (Finland). Autonomous Ships 101 from Solent University in Southampton (England). A review of other articles has served as a comparative analysis to the surveillance assets proposed by COMPASS2020.
Dynamic ‘Standing Orders’ for Autonomous Navigation System by means of Machine Learning
Authors: Scheidweiler Tina , Burmeister Hans-Christoph , Hübner Sören , Jahn Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Globalisation and new environmental legislations lead to a rising need for new technological developments for the shipping industry, espacially creating smart ports and smart waterways. Thus, Maritime Autonomus Surface Ships (MASS) are on the horizon. In order to be able to operate safely in the presence of other vessels, a module that dynamically determines action ranges for avoidance manoeuvres based on machine learning algorithms will be developed. Using historical AIS data, which provide ship’s dynamic as well as static and voyage related data, ship trajectories and thus historical encounter situations of ships are extracted. Using k-means clustering, navigational behaviour of the vessels during an encounter situation can be examined and predicted for future encounter situations.
Retention of albumin in Indonesian shortfin eel meat (Anguilla bicolor) by freeze-drying encapsulation using maltodextrin and gum Arabic as coating materials
Authors: Rawendra R D S , Kosasih H , Lo D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Indonesian shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor) or locally known as sidat eel is one of Indonesia’s important export commodity owing to its nutritional value such as albumin. In this study, encapsulation of freeze-dried sidat eel meat (EM) by biopolymers such as maltodextrin (MD) and and gum Arabic (GA) was examined to find the most effective method to retain its albumin content. Emulsion of biopolymers with a constant weight ratio percentage of 8.00% (w/w, coating material/sidat eel meat) and four different proportions of MD and GA were prepared using a homogenizer, followed by freeze-drying. The 4 different proportions were named T1 (EM 92% + GA 5.33% + MD 2.67%), T2 (EM 92% + GA 2.91% + MD 5.09%), T3 (EM 92% + GA 2.00% + MD 6.00%) and T4 (EM 92% + GA 1.52% + MD 6.46%), respectively. Powders were characterized for its physico-chemical characteristics including colour measurements, moisture content, water solubility, and retention of albumin content. It was observed that T4 consisting of EM with addition of GA (1.52%) and MD (6.46%) as coating materials retained the highest amount of albumin. The encapsulation efficiency were positively influenced by moisture content, solubility and colour measurement differences. To conclude, a mixture of gum Arabic and maltodextrin as coating materials was efficient to retain albumin in EM freeze-drying encapsulation. This necessary information may be valuable to researchers working on food supplements or functional food development.
Nutrition Evaluation of Indonesian Shortfin Eel (Anguilla bicolor) Meat for Functional Food Development
Authors: Febrianta Harvey , Rawendra Reynetha D.S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research presented that Shortfin Eel (Anguilla bicolor) has a high nutrient content that is useful as a component to maintain the body tissues and potential to be developed as functional food. This study aims to obtain scientific data about the nutritional value of fresh and boiled eel meat. The analysis included proximate and cholesterol content. Analysis performed on eel meat included proximate analysis (AOAC), and cholesterol level analysis (Liebermann-Buchard Color Reaction). The experimental design applied in this study was an independent T-Test analysis to compare the mean of the two groups unrelated to 5% significant level. The parameters measured were Proximate Composition (Moisture, Ash, Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate), and Cholesterol level. The results showed that boiling process of eel meat significantly affected the decrease in protein, fat, carbohydrate, and cholesterol levels. Decreased levels of fat due to the influence of heat during the boiling process followed by a decrease in cholesterol. Cholesterol levels of fresh eel meat was 68,96 ± 0,40 mg/100 g decreased to 65,06 ± 0,36 mg/100 g after boiling.
The study of laminate concrete between geopolymer and conventional
Authors: Qomaruddin Mochammad , Sudarno  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lamination method on concrete is the combination of two different kinds of concrete namely conventional concrete made of cement as binder and geopolymer concrete by using fly ash. This combination aims to know the setting time happened in the conventional paste as well as the geopolymer paste with similar fas percentage and to obtain the comparison of the compressive strength point of the concrete by using similar mixed design concept. In this study, the variation of the specimens consist of full conventional concrete, full geopolymer concrete, laminated concrete A, laminate concrete B, and laminate concrete C. Based on the result of the study, it can be seen that the concrete was always increase along with the increasing age of the concrete. The higher compressive strength from the five variations of the specimen were on full geopolymer concrete with 362.96 kg/cm2 as the compressive strength point and the increasing percentage in 14 days was 30.71 % and for 28 days was 47,59%. While on the laminate concrete, the highest compressive strength was on laminate concrete B with the arrangement method of half conventional method and half geopolymer concrete with vertical concrete position. The compressive strength point of the laminate concrete B was 268.15 kg/cm2, while for full conventional concrete was 202.96 kg/cm2. This conventional concrete was on the fourth composition after full geopolymer concrete, laminate concrete B, and laminate concrete A.
Geotourism Of Banyuputih Catchment Area, Mount Ijen, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Wirakusumah Achmad Djumarma , Murdohardono Dodid , Rosiani Diyah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mt. Ijen, especially along the Banyupait/Banyuputih Catchment Area is located within part of 3 regencies in East Java Province which are Bondowoso, Situbondo, and Banyuwangi regencies. Geological Study at Mt. Ijen Complex was conducted to get better understand concerning Characteristics of Geology and geomorphology of Ijen Volcano Complex which compose of highly atractive places to be geotourism purposes. According to the geological study, Ijen Geotourism can be divided into three parts. Firstly, natural views inventory within the Ijen Caldera, along the Banyupait/Banyuputih Catchment Area which are closely related with geological processes; secondly, Man-made geotourism sites at Banyuputih River on the north flank of Ijen Volcano; and thirdly, Planned Buildings that can be made in the future such as a small museum and geosites in opend field including infrastructures that consist of media-tools explaining about the Ijen Volcano and a lot of geological processes related with the all natural views at around Ijen Volcano. On the other hand, the water of the Ijen crater-lake is extremely acid (pH<1). The water of the crater-lake infiltrates into the only one river called Banyupait / Banyuputih River flowing towards the north to reach the north-coast of Java at Asembagus Sub-district, where the pH at this area is still 3-4 after mixing between the acid water and normal water coming from springs within the Banyupait / Banyuputih Catchment Area. A recommended segregation of normal water from the acid water is the best alternative to produce normal water along the Banyuputih River which flows through Asembagus Village. This effort will change the Asembagus citizen to be having much better wellfare. This effort will also support the Ijen Complex to be a good Geotourism, even to lift up the Mt. Ijen Complex to be an International Geopark.
Risk Analysis of Sinabung Volcano Eruption in Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Prayoga Aldo , Wita Luciana Maorine , Vernon Pinandhito 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is set between 3 colliding active plates, i.e. Eurasia, Indo-Australia, and Pacific Plates. The collision of those plates give rise to many volcanoes in Indonesia, some of them are active, including Sinabung volcano. Sinabung Volcano is an A type volcano with its summit reaching 2460 masl. Sinabung Volcano has been active again since 2010, and its activity has been increasing since then until its latest eruption on 19 February 2018. Its volcanic activities, including its eruption is a threat to local residents in Karo Regency, which live around the volcano. The danger of the eruption includes volcanic ash, hot ash, pyroclastic flow, lahar flow, lava flow, poisonous gas, and ejected molten rock fragments. The purpose of this research is to analyze the threat index of each sub-districts in Karo region where Sinabung volcano is located, in case it erupts someday. The method for this research is secondary data analysis which includes Administrative Map, Disaster Prone Zone Map, Land Use Map, and Population Data. Risk Analysis Table is then produced from the compilation of the data, which shows the threat index of each sub-district. The Risk Analysis Table serves a guide to develop local disaster mitigation and to educate the local residents, providing a more directed and more prepared mitigation and evacuation. Sustainable Development Goals 11, especially in indicator 11.B, strongly implies that sustainable cities & communities require disaster risk reduction strategies. Based on the analysis, several sub-districts, i.e. Payung, Tiganderket, Simpang Empat, and Naman Teran are categorized as regions with high threat index.
Hydrochemical Study in Determining Characteristic Of Fluid And Geothermal Reservoir In Sanggabuana Mountain Area And Its Surrounding, Citeureup, Bogor, West Java
Authors: Millayanti Anis , Perdana Wahyu , Supriadi Wildani , Haryanto Agus Didit , Hutabarat Johanes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The research location is administratively included into the sub-district of Citeureup, Bogor, West Java. Geographically, it’s located at coordinates BT 106°54’36”-107°00’00” 6°35’46”-6°40’74” LS. This study aims to determine the temperature of the reservoir of subsurface, the determination of fluid type and the origin of hot water on the surface manifestation and the process of formation under the surface. The method used is descriptive method and chemical analysis including geothermometer and geoindicators based on geothermal fluid geothermal chemistry data. Water chemistry analysis based on geoindicators showed that type of hot water of study area was dominated by sulfate water with relatively high proportion of sulfate (SO4) to concentration of Cl and HCO3 as the outflow area identifier in condition of relative Na-K-Mg proportion and relative K-Na and Mg-Ca concentration diagram at the position is not equal (immature water) and the area is outflow geothermal system. Mg is very dominating with concentration. The high concentration of Mg in calculations and plotting results on immature water indicates that in the formation of surface water geothermal manifestation comes from reservoirs that have been mixed with meteoric water and reaction / interaction with the rocks it passes. Temperature of subsurface manifestations based on geothermometers Na-K-Ca in the study area of approximately 50.617 to 92.6279°C which is belong to low temperature geothermal system.
Understanding Mechanics of Fold-Thrust-Belt through Sandbox Modelling
Authors: Sapiie Benyamin , Hadiana Meli , Furqan Terry A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of major challenge and complex issue in structural geology is understanding the mechanism of Fold-Thrust-Belt (FTB). Numerous authors have been worked to solve these particular subjects in the past. However, most of them are concentrated in describing internal deformation and their tectonic evolution. FTB deformation is very complex due to their natural geological parameters which control their geometries and styles. Although, in natural example often difficult to analyse this parameter using outcrops or seismic reflection data due to the poor image quality as a results of complex deformation styles particularly in the form of tight folds and steep faults. Therefore, in evaluation FTB need to generate special approach which focus in integrating result of palinspastic reconstructions trough balancing cross-sections and sandbox modelling. This paper will present results from series experiment using analogue sandbox modelling for ramification mechanics of FTB and their associated structures. The main focus of the experiment is evaluating main geological parameters in controlling geometry and fault styles of several different tectonic setting. The results of the study show the importance roles of preexisting structures or basement configuration in controlling end results of FTB deformation styles. Others geological parameter such as variation lithology governed by facies and package thickness are considered as mechanical stratigraphy which play key roles in strain distributions. In addition, their initial slope is among the important parameter which clearly influenced in the final results of deformation. Among all, basement configuration is one of the parameters seems to have major impact in fault styles such as thin-skinned versus thick-skinned FTB. Understanding these initial parameters conditions are very important in order to have the best modelling results representing natural examples. The result of this study was validated using 2D seismic data from Eastern Indonesia which consider as the main frontier exploration hydrocarbon in FTB setting.
The Existence of Tin Placer Relation With Tin Belt In Kundur Waters Area Riau archipelago Province
Authors: Setiady D , Syafri I , Aryanto N C D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Placer mineral is mineral deposits that have channels transportation as particles of grains mineral in the river and on the ocean floor. The most common and plentiful placer mineral are rutile, tin, magnetite, ilmenite, zircon and many gems. The existence of ancient rivers flooded after the end of the ice age, of the ancient river many deposited heavy minerals from rocks around the island of Sumatra and Kalimantan. The existence of an ancient channel formed at the Holocene is thought to be a valley that has the potential as mineral deposits to be transported and deposited in the same time with the sediments that fill the valleys. Tin Gravel is one of the heavy minerals in Sunda shelf deposited above the ancient valleys of granite rock The type of granite in Sunda shelf is granite I type (east belt) and S type (middle belt). The granite belt (tin belt) is related to the heavy mineral associations found in the study area, whether derived from granite I type or granite S Type is still a subject of debate among researchers. The granite type classification is based on opaque minerals. The magnetite series comprises of: magnetite, ilmenite, hematite and pyrite, while the ilmenite series consists of: cassiterite, ilmenite, and graphite. Granite in Indonesia islands containing tin mineral included in the middle belt (type S), and east belt (type I). Occurred on a Carbon, Perm and also Triass age. Granites are distributed almost along the coastal to offshore of Kundur Island. Tin (SnO2), or tin include oxide group, brownish, prismatic. Tin deposited is associated with acid igneous rock formed on pegmatites accumulation. In Study area tin founded in 16 samples of seabed surface sediments with the largest content of 0.04124% and the smallest 44 of 0.0006%. The purpose of this study is to know the existence of placer tin content in marine sediments in Kundur waters, its relation with tin belt (granite type), whereas the purpose of the study is to know the source of tin placer.