bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances on Self‐Supported Arrayed Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Flexible Solid‐State Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Yijie , Cao Qinghe , Guan Cao , Cheng Chuanwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlexible solid‐state Zn–air batteries have been rapidly developed benefiting from the uprising demand for wearable electronic devices, wherein the air electrode integrated with efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts plays an important role to achieve high performance. Binder‐free self‐supported bifunctional catalysts can provide large active surface area, fast electron transport path, easy ion diffusion, and excellent structural stability and flexibility, thus acting as promising flexible air cathodes. In this review, recent advances on the application of nanoarrayed electrocatalysts as air cathodes in flexible Zn–air batteries are reviewed. Especially, various types of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts, including carbonaceous material arrays, transition metal compound arrays, transition metal/carbon arrays, transition metal compound/carbon arrays, and other hybrid arrays, are discussed. The applications of flexible Zn–air batteries with two configurations (i.e., planar stacks and cable fibers) are also introduced. Finally, perspectives on the optimization of arrayed air cathodes for future development to achieve high‐performance flexible Zn–air batteries are shared.
Digital health and patient‐centred care: A digital systems view
Authors: Papavasiliou Samantha , Reaiche Carmen , Papavasiliou Shirley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe public sectors' shift to digital first service provision has had a considerable impact on how individuals interact with public sector entities. This research highlights the similar assistance requirements and concerns with different public sector digital services. Evidence for this research is presented through a case study on the Australian digital healthcare platform, MyAgedCare. By understanding the different issues and assistance seeking requirements across the public sector digital services, digital service designers and policymakers can better create services that meet the needs and expectations of users. A primary finding of this research highlights the expectation of users that the human interface for assistance is maintained, in order to maximize an individual's capacity to interact with the system successfully.
Genistein attenuates cognitive deficits and neuroapoptosis in hippocampus induced by ketamine exposure in neonatal rats
Authors: Li Qingsong , Zhang Xi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKetamine is a frequently used anesthetic in pediatric patients that can cause cognitive impairment. Genistein, a bioactive component of soy products, has been shown to suppress neuronal death through regulating the expression of apoptosis related genes. In this study, we hypothesized that genistein could alleviate ketamine‐induced cognitive impairment by ameliorating hippocampal neuronal loss and tested this hypothesis in rats. Neonatal rats were treated with ketamine and genistein. Hippocampal tissue was harvested for histological and biochemical analysis to determine neuronal apoptosis and proteins involved in the apoptotic pathways. Behavioral assays including contextual fear conditioning test and Morris water maze test were performed to assess cognitive functions, including learning and memory. We found that in fear conditioning test, genistein restored freezing time in ketamine treated rats in a dose dependent manner. Similarly, genistein attenuated impaired learning and memory in Morris water maze test in rats treated with ketamine. Additionally, ketamine‐induced neuronal apoptosis in rat hippocampus was attenuated by genistein treatment. Finally, we found that genistein partially restored proteins associated with apoptosis, including Bax, Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase 3, and phosphorylated GSK‐3ß and Akt. Genistein suppresses hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive disruption induced by ketamine in rats.
Generalizing the relativistic quantization condition to include all three-pion isospin channels
Authors: Hansen Maxwell T. , Romero-López Fernando , Sharpe Stephen R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a generalization of the relativistic, finite-volume, three-particle quantization condition for non-identical pions in isosymmetric QCD. The resulting formalism allows one to use discrete finite-volume energies, determined using lattice QCD, to constrain scattering amplitudes for all possible values of two- and three-pion isospin. As for the case of identical pions considered previously, the result splits into two steps: the first defines a non-perturbative function with roots equal to the allowed energies, En(L), in a given cubic volume with side-length L. This function depends on an intermediate three-body quantity, denoted $$ {\mathcal{K}}_{\mathrm{df},3,} $$

K

df
,
3
,

which can thus be constrained from lattice QCD in- put. The second step is a set of integral equations relating $$ {\mathcal{K}}_{\mathrm{df},3} $$

K

df
,
3

to the physical scattering amplitude, ℳ3. Both of the key relations, En(L) ↔$$ {\mathcal{K}}_{\mathrm{df},3} $$

K

df
,
3

and $$ {\mathcal{K}}_{\mathrm{df},3}\leftrightarrow {\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}_3, $$

K

df
,
3

↔

ℳ
3

,
are shown to be block-diagonal in the basis of definite three-pion isospin, Iπππ , so that one in fact recovers four independent relations, corresponding to Iπππ = 0, 1, 2, 3. We also provide the generalized threshold expansion of $$ {\mathcal{K}}_{\mathrm{df},3} $$

K

df
,
3

for all channels, as well as parameterizations for all three-pion resonances present for Iπππ = 0 and Iπππ = 1. As an example of the utility of the generalized formalism, we present a toy implementation of the quantization condition for Iπππ = 0, focusing on the quantum numbers of the ω and h1 resonances.
Looking through the QCD conformal window with perturbation theory
Authors: Di Pietro Lorenzo , Serone Marco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the conformal window of QCD using perturbation theory, starting from the perturbative upper edge and going down as much as we can towards the strongly coupled regime. We do so by exploiting the available five-loop computation of the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

β-function and employing Borel resummation techniques both for the ordinary perturbative series and for the Banks-Zaks conformal expansion. Large-nf results are also used. We argue that the perturbative series for the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

β-function is most likely asymptotic and non -Borel resummable, yet Borel resummation techniques allow to improve on ordinary perturbation theory. We find substantial evidence that QCD with nf = 12 flavours flows in the IR to a conformal field theory. Though the evidence is weaker, we find indications that also nf = 11 might sit within the conformal window. We also compute the anomalous dimensions γ and γg of respectively the fermion mass bilinear and the gauge kinetic term operator at the fixed point, and compare them with the available lattice results. The conformal window might extend for lower values of nf , but our methods break down for nf< 11, where we expect that non-perturbative effects become important. A similar analysis is performed in the Veneziano limit.
Polarization effects in Kerr black hole shadow due to the coupling between photon and bumblebee field
Authors: Chen Songbai , Wang Mingzhi , Jing Jiliang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present firstly the equation of motion for the photon coupled to a special bumblebee vector field in a Kerr black hole spacetime and find that the propagation of light depends on its polarization due to the birefringence phenomenon. The dependence of black hole shadow on the light's polarization is dominated by the rotation of black hole. In the non-rotating case, we find that the black hole shadow is independent of the polarization of light. However, the status is changed in the rotating case, in which the black hole shadow depends on the light's polarization and the coupling between bumblebee vector field and electromagnetic field. These features of black hole shadow casted by polarized lights could help us to understand the bumblebee vector field with Lorentz symmetry breaking and its interaction with electromagnetic field.
Significantly lower intramuscular pressure in the posterior and lateral compartments compared with the anterior compartment suggests alterations of the diagnostic criteria for chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the lower leg
Authors: Lindorsson Sophia , Zhang Qiuxia , Brisby Helena , Rennerfelt Kajsa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate distributions and identify possible differences in intramuscular pressure (IMP) values at 1 min post-exercise between the four muscle compartments of the lower leg, in patients with exertional leg pain with or without chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS).

Methods
A consecutive series of patients seeking orthopaedic consultation for exertional leg pain underwent IMP measurements between 2009 and 2018. The diagnosis of CECS was confirmed (n = 442) or ruled out (n = 422), based on the patient’s history, clinical examination, and IMP measurements.

Results
The median (range) 1 min post-exercise IMP values in affected compartments in the patients diagnosed with CECS were 33 (25–53) mmHg (deep posterior), 35 (27–54) mmHg (superficial posterior), 40 (26–106) mmHg (lateral), and 47 (24–120) mmHg (anterior). In patients with no CECS, the median (range) 1 min post-exercise IMP values in the compartments were 12 (2–28) mmHg (deep posterior), 12 (2–27) mmHg (superficial posterior), 14 (2–26) mmHg (lateral), and 18 (4–34) mmHg (anterior). The IMP was significantly lower in the lateral and both posterior compartments than in the anterior compartment in both patients diagnosed with CECS and patients without CECS.

Conclusion
The study demonstrates significantly lower IMP values in the posterior and lateral compartments compared to the anterior compartments. These findings suggest a lowering of the IMP 1 min post-exercise cut-off value for diagnosing CECS in the lateral and both posterior compartments, which may lead to improved treatment of patients with suspected CECS in the lower leg.

Level of evidence
Level II.
Informelles E-Learning: Ist ein Paradigmenwechsel notwendig?
Authors: Petrovic Otto 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungE‑Learning ist ein bunter Strauß an Technologien und pädagogischen Konzepten, gepaart mit unterschiedlichen Formen der Wirkungsforschung. Vannevar Bushs Vision einer riesigen Erweiterung des menschlichen Gedächtnisses, Lernmanagementsysteme und Massive Open Online Courses sind allgegenwärtig. Ein großer Teil des Lernens im kognitiven, affektiven und psychomotorischen Bereich findet jedoch nebenläufig als Begleiterscheinung der Nutzung digitaler Medien im Alltag statt. Es wird noch weitgehend von Lehrenden und der E‑Learning-Forschung ignoriert. Der vorliegende Beitrag bespricht zunächst markante, oftmals unhinterfragte Paradigmen des E‑Learning, die zu diesen Paralleluniversen von formalem und informellem Lernen führen. Um Veränderungspotenziale digitaler Medien für das informelle Lernen zu analysieren, zeichnen 172 Lernende im Alltag 543 informelle E‑Learning-Episoden als Screencasts auf, die ergänzt werden durch partizipative Feldforschung des Autors in entlegenen Regionen und Kulturkreisen. Die Schlussfolgerungen können Lehrenden helfen, das informelle Lernen ihrer Studierenden für formale Lernziele zu nutzen. Lernenden soll die Beeinflussung durch alltägliche Mediennutzung bewusst werden, um ihr Informationsverhalten kritisch zu hinterfragen.
Compact diode laser based light source with alternating dual-wavelength emission at 532 nm
Authors: Müller André , Sumpf Bernd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCompact nonlinear frequency conversion of a Y-branch distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) diode laser for alternating dual-wavelength laser emission at 532 nm is presented for the very first time. The developed light source, realized on a 5 × 25 mm2micro-optical bench, is based on single-pass second harmonic generation of a 1064 nm Y-branch DBR diode laser in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide crystal with superimposed poling periods. Phase-matching is obtained by intrinsic wavelength stabilization of the laser and wavelength tuning by implemented heater elements above the DBR gratings. Obtained optical output powers of 5.6 mW at 532.45 nm and 6.7 mW at 531.85 nm are limited by central lobe power contents of 52% available for waveguide coupling. With a spectral performance showing narrowband emission with spectral widths of 0.01 nm (0.4 cm−1) limited by the spectral resolution of the spectrum analyzer and a spectral spacing of 0.6 nm (20 cm−1), the developed light source is suitable for applications such as Raman spectroscopy and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS). Separate electrical contacts of the Y-branch diode laser enable alternating operation at both wavelengths.
Improving the genome editing efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 in Arabidopsis and Medicago truncatula
Authors: Wolabu Tezera W. , Park Jong-Jin , Chen Miao , Cong Lili , Ge Yaxin , Jiang Qingzhen , Debnath Smriti , Li Guangming , Wen Jiangqi , Wang Zengyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
An improved CRISPR/Cas9 system with the Arabidopsis UBQ10 promoter-driven Cas9 exhibits consistently high mutation efficiency in Arabidopsis and M. truncatula.

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing technology that has been applied in several crop species for trait improvement due to its simplicity, versatility, and specificity. However, the mutation efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9 in Arabidopsis and M. truncatula (Mt) is still challenging and inconsistent. To analyze the functionality of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in two model dicot species, four different promoter-driven Cas9 systems to target phytoene desaturase (PDS) genes were designed. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used for the delivery of constructed vectors to host plants. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that the Arabidopsis UBQ10 promoter-driven Cas9 significantly improves the mutation efficiency to 95% in Arabidopsis and 70% in M. truncatula. Moreover, the UBQ10-Cas9 system yielded 11% homozygous mutants in the T1 generation in Arabidopsis. Sequencing analyses of mutation events indicated that single-nucleotide insertions are the most frequent events in Arabidopsis, whereas multi-nucleotide deletions are dominant in bi-allelic and mono-allelic homozygous mutants in M. truncatula. Taken together, the UBQ10 promoter facilitates the best improvement in the CRISPR/Cas9 efficiency in PDS gene editing, followed by the EC1.2 promoter. Consistently, the improved UBQ10-Cas9 vector highly enhanced the mutation efficiency by four-fold over the commonly used 35S promoter in both dicot species.
Patientenzahlen im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie in einer zentralen Notaufnahme
Authors: Tschaikowsky T. , Becker von Rose A. , Consalvo S. , Pflüger P. , Barthel P. , Spinner C. D. , Knier B. , Kanz K.-G. , Dommasch M. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit Ende März wurde deutschlandweit das Gesundheitswesen auf einen Notbetrieb umgestellt, um Ressourcen für die sich ausbreitende Coronavirus-disease-2019-Pandemie (COVID-19-Pandemie) zu schaffen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, das Aufkommen von Notfallpatienten zur Zeit der Pandemie zu untersuchen, um Rückschlüsse auf den Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf das Patientenaufkommen in einer Notaufnahme ziehen zu können.

Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen einer deskriptiven epidemiologischen Studie wurden in dem Zeitraum vom 01.02. bis zum 30.04.2019 sowie vom 01.02. bis zum 30.04.2020 patientenbezogene Daten von insgesamt 19.357 Fällen in der zentralen Notaufnahme des Klinikums rechts der Isar erhoben und anonymisiert ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Trotz steigender Patientenzahlen von 2019 auf 2020 kam es von Februar auf März 2020 zu einem deutlichen Abfall der Notfälle bis auf ein Niveau unter das von 2019, der im April weiter anhielt. Dies betraf insbesondere den Fachbereich Unfallchirurgie mit einem Rückgang des mittleren Patientenaufkommens um etwa 40 %.
Im Hinblick auf die Beschwerdebilder im März 2020 zeigte sich, dass ein vermehrtes Aufkommen von Unwohlsein (+47 %) und Atemproblemen (+36 %) zu verzeichnen war, wohingegen Rückenschmerzen (−41 %), Wunden (−29 %), thorakale (−24 %) sowie abdominelle Schmerzen (−23 %) deutlich seltener vertreten waren als im Vorjahr. Bezogen auf den Schweregrad der Beschwerden wirkte sich der Rückgang vor allem auf Beschwerdebilder mit niedriger Dringlichkeitsstufe aus.

Schlussfolgerung
Im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie kam es zu einem deutlichen Rückgang des Patientenaufkommens in einer der größten Notaufnahmen in München. Dies sollte bei bestehenden Krankenhauskapazitäten vermieden werden, um potenziell gesundheitlichen Schäden durch eine aufgeschobene oder ausbleibende notfallmäßige Vorstellung vorzubeugen.
Viral RNA load as determined by cell culture as a management tool for discharge of SARS-CoV-2 patients from infectious disease wards
Authors: La Scola Bernard , Le Bideau Marion , Andreani Julien , Hoang Van Thuan , Grimaldier Clio , Colson Philippe , Gautret Philippe , Raoult Didier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a preliminary clinical study, we observed that the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was effective against SARS-CoV-2 by shortening the duration of viral load in Covid-19 patients. It is of paramount importance to define when a treated patient can be considered as no longer contagious. Correlation between successful isolation of virus in cell culture and Ct value of quantitative RT-PCR targeting E gene suggests that patients with Ct above 33–34 using our RT-PCR system are not contagious and thus can be discharged from hospital care or strict confinement for non-hospitalized patients.
Is Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in Parkinson’s disease?
Authors: Olsen Ingar , Kell Douglas B. , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis, a major subgingival plaque bacterium in periodontitis, has recently attracted much attention as a possible microbial driver in Alzheimer’s disease. In the present paper, another common neuroinflammatory disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), is discussed. A recent study found major virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipain R1 (RgpA) and lipopolysaccharide in the blood circulation of a PD population. The current review reveals how features such as systemic inflammation, hypercoagulation, presence of amyloid fibrin(ogen) in plasma, and marked ultrastructural changes in platelets, probably induced by P. gingivalis, may affect the development of PD. Several other clinical studies have also demonstrated an association between periodontitis and PD. Even if the risk of periodontal diseases causing neurological disorders needs to be better substantiated, that should not keep us from trying to prevent them by performing careful daily dental hygiene.
Novel hands-free interaction techniques based on the software switch approach for computer access with head movements
Authors: Esiyok Cagdas , Askin Ayhan , Tosun Aliye , Albayrak Sahin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHead-operated computer accessibility tools (CATs) are useful solutions for the ones with complete head control; but when it comes to people with only reduced head control, computer access becomes a very challenging task since the users depend on a single head-gesture like a head nod or a head tilt to interact with a computer. It is obvious that any new interaction technique based on a single head-gesture will play an important role to develop better CATs to enhance the users’ self-sufficiency and the quality of life. Therefore, we proposed two novel interaction techniques namely HeadCam and HeadGyro within this study. In a nutshell, both interaction techniques are based on our software switch approach and can serve like traditional switches by recognizing head movements via a standard camera or a gyroscope sensor of a smartphone to translate them into virtual switch presses. A usability study with 36 participants (18 motor-impaired, 18 able-bodied) was also conducted to collect both objective and subjective evaluation data in this study. While HeadGyro software switch exhibited slightly higher performance than HeadCam for each objective evaluation metrics, HeadCam was rated better in subjective evaluation. All participants agreed that the proposed interaction techniques are promising solutions for computer access task.
Influence of growth regulators on the development, quality, and physiological state of in vitro-propagated Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara
Authors: Kulus Dariusz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is little information on the in vitro tissue culture systems in Lamprocapnos spectabilis (bleeding heart). The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the development, quality, and physiological state of in vitro-grown bleeding heart “Gold Heart” and “White Gold”. Single-node explants were inoculated on the modified MS medium (Murashige and Skoog in Physiol Plant 15:473–497, 1962), fortified with different auxins, which included indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and picloram (PIC), along with cytokinins, which included 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KIN), and thidiazuron (TDZ) at various concentrations. The morphogenetic response of the explants was cultivar-specific. KIN was preferable for the proliferation and development of shoots in “Gold Heart.” However, none of the auxins or cytokinins improved the development of “White Gold” explants, compared with the PGR-free control medium. NAA was the most effective for stimulating rhizogenesis in both cultivars, although IAA resulted in the regeneration of the longest roots. TDZ, NAA, and PIC suppressed the development of shoots in both cultivars tested and stimulated abundant callus formation. Indirect regeneration of somatic embryos occurred on the NAA- and PIC-fortified media. In particular, the latter media stimulated regeneration of the highest number of somatic embryos per nodal segment. Composition of the culture medium also affected the levels of primary and secondary metabolites in shoots and callus of L. spectabilis. IAA (at 1.0 mg L−1) stimulated the synthesis of chlorophyll a and carotenoids in the “Gold Heart,” while BA and KIN (at 0.5 mg L−1) had a negative impact on the concentration of chlorophyll b in the shoots of this cultivar. None of the PGRs increased the level of the pigments in the shoots of bleeding heart “White Gold.” The concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the callus of both cultivars tested was significantly lower compared with the shoots; however, callus was abundant in flavanols.
Exploring the adoption of telemedicine and virtual software for care of outpatients during and after COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bokolo Anthony Jnr. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across countries, the need for innovative measures to provide high-quality patient care and manage its spread has become more imperative. Software-based systems such as medical software applications could provide valuable suggestion on health-related information to physicians towards improving quality of life, especially for outpatients (e.g., elderly, immunosuppressed, pregnant women). The use of telemedicine and virtual software offers promising potential in the fight against COVID-19. Accordingly, by means of expedited literature and document review, this paper provides implication on the opportunities, application, and challenges of telemedicine and existing virtual software currently adopted as suitable initiatives for reducing the spread of COVID-19. More importantly, findings present factors that impact adoption of telemedicine. The findings suggest that telemedicine and virtual software are capable of decreasing emergency room visits, safeguarding healthcare resources, and lessening the spread of COVID-19 by remotely treating patients during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.