bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality of marine mussels Mytilus edulis and M. galloprovincialis: systematic literature review of risk factors and recommendations for future research
Authors: Lupo Coralie , Bougeard Stéphanie , Le Bihan Véronique , Blin Jean Louis , Allain Gwenhael , Azéma Patrick , Benoit Fabienne , Béchemin Christian , Bernard Ismaël , Blachier Philippe , Brieau Léa , Danion Morgane , Garcia Aurélie , Gervasoni Erika , Glize Philippe , Lainé Audrey , Lapègue Sylvie , Mablouké Cécile , Poirier Laurence , Raymond Jean Christophe , Treilles Michael , Chauvin Claire , Le Bouquin Sophie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to summarise the literature reporting the risk factors for mortality in the mussel species Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis in order to identify potential science‐based solutions to prevent or mitigate mussel mortality outbreaks. We followed the PRISMA methodology: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. The studied corpus of 91 publications (114 studies) was highly heterogeneous with respect to the methodological approaches used to define or estimate mussel mortality and the related putative risk factors. Results showed that the mortality risk of both mussel species M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis varied across the seasons, increased with an elevated seawater temperature above a thermal threshold of 20 and 24°C, respectively, decreased by protecting mussels from predation, and was associated with the presence of pathogens in M. edulis. For M. galloprovincialis, using mussel spat from the same area where the farming is carried out and farming them together with another mussel species appears to reduce the mortality risk. However, for M. edulis, this could be achieved by using pure crosses and in particular mussel spat having a selected genotype. For wild bed conservation, sand accumulation and anthropogenic sedimentation should be minimised. Our analysis showed that current approaches to this research topic are limited and are unlikely to yield actionable evidence to identify mussel mortality prevention or mitigation strategies. Therefore, recommendations are offered to increase the ability of future eco‐epidemiological research to identify multiple exposures associated with mussel mortality, underpinned by standardised efforts and cooperative initiatives.
Indel variants within the PRL and GHR genes associated with sheep litter size
Authors: Akhatayeva Zhanerke , Mao Cui , Jiang Fugui , Pan Chuanying , Lin Chunjian , Hao Kunjie , Lan Tianxin , Chen Hong , Zhang Qingfeng , Lan Xianyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGrowth hormone and prolactin belong to the class of peptide hormones that have a wide range of regulatory functions. In this study, polymorphisms of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin (PRL) genes were analysed as candidate genes, which are responsible for the litter size in Australian White (AUW) sheep. According to the statistical analyses results, the polymorphism information content (PIC) values of the PRL‐P1‐ins‐23 bp, GHR‐P2‐del‐23 bp and GHR‐P8‐del‐23 bp were 0.371, 0.366 and 0.375, respectively, which indicates the high genetic polymorphism in AUW sheep. Moreover, all indel loci are not conformed to the HWE (p < .05). Further, our findings revealed that the PRL‐P1‐ins‐23 bp polymorphism in the ovine PRL gene was significantly related to the first parity litter size (p = .001) and the DD genotype displaying the highest genotypic mean. Meanwhile, the GHR‐P2‐del‐23 bp and GHR‐P8‐23 bp indels in the ovine GHR gene were significantly correlated with first parity litter size (p < .05), and the individuals with the genotype II showed significantly higher litter size than others. Collectively, these results demonstrated that our findings could be useful for future sheep breeding strategies based on the molecular‐assisted selection (MAS).
Transfer of stress from the 2004Mw9.2 Sumatra subduction earthquake promoted widespread seismicity and large strike‐slip events in the Wharton Basin
Authors: Guo Laiyin , Lin Jian , Zhang Fan , Zhou Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe 2004Mw9.2 Sumatra and 2012Mw8.6 Wharton Basin (WB) earthquakes provide the unprecedented opportunity to investigate stress transfer from a megathrust earthquake to the subducting plate. Comprehensive analyses of this study revealed that the 2004 earthquake excited widespread seismicity in the WB, especially in regions of calculated stress increase greater than 0.3 bars. The 2004 earthquake stressed all three rupture planes of the 2012Mw8.6 strike‐slip mainshock and the largestMw8.2 aftershock with mean values of Coulomb stress between 0.3 and 2.1 bars. For the 77Mw ≥ 4 regional events since 2012, at least one nodal plane for 95% of the events, and both nodal planes for 72% of the events experienced stress increase due to the 2004 earthquake. Results of the analyses also revealed that the regional stress directions in the WB may have controlled the sub‐fault orientations of the 2012Mw8.6 strike‐slip earthquake.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from 33 thoroughbred horses with arytenoid chondropathy (2005‐2019)
Authors: Johnston Georgina C. A. , Lumsden Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates cultured from surgical specimens of infected arytenoid cartilage and granulomas.Study designRetrospective cohort study.AnimalsThirty‐three thoroughbred horses.MethodsHospital records were retrieved for all horses admitted to a referral hospital for arytenoid chondropathy surgery that had samples submitted for culture and sensitivity between 2005 and 2019. Descriptive analyses were performed.ResultsIn total, 56 bacterial isolates were obtained. Gram‐positive bacteria (58%), Gram‐negative bacteria (54%), and anaerobes (33%) were cultured from samples. Fifty‐eight percent of horses had multiple bacteria isolated.Streptococcusspp were the most common (32%), followed byEnterobacteriaceae(13%). Bacterial isolates were sensitive to ceftiofur (83%), followed by ampicillin (64%), tetracycline (48%), enrofloxacin (45%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (41%), and gentamicin (18%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was present in 44% of bacterial isolates.ConclusionA wide variety of bacteria was cultured, providing evidence that secondary opportunistic infection by common respiratory bacteria is likely a factor in arytenoid chondropathy. Multidrug resistance was higher than what has been previously reported in equine respiratory samples. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole had low effectiveness.Clinical significanceBecause culture and sensitivity testing is not available in the diagnosis of mild to moderate arytenoid chondropathy, the information from this study may allow for more targeted broad‐spectrum antimicrobial treatment to limit disease progression when the disease is first identified. The antimicrobial susceptibilities and MDR found in this study emphasize the importance of following current antimicrobial guidelines and highlight the requirement for surgical intervention rather than continued medical treatment in cases that do not resolve with initial antimicrobial therapy.
Positive Mental Health and Self‐Care in Patients with Chronic Physical Health Problems: Implications for Evidence‐based Practice
Authors: Puig Llobet Montserrat , Sánchez Ortega MªAurelia , Lluch‐Canut MªTeresa , Moreno‐Arroyo MªCarmen , Hidalgo Blanco Miguel Àngel , Roldán‐Merino Juan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe capacity for self‐care and positive mental health (PMH) has an influence on well‐being and on one’s approach to chronic illness.PurposeThe aim was to determine the level of PMH and self‐care agency as well as the relations among sociodemographic variables, PMH, and the level of self‐care among patients with chronic physical health problems. We also examined correlations between PMH and self‐care agency.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional correlational study was conducted with a sample of 209 patients at a primary care center. The instruments used were the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire and the Appraisal of Self‐Care Agency scale. The STROBE statement was used.ResultsSignificant differences were found in the PMH factors in relation to sociodemographic variables and health conditions. Suffering one or more chronic diseases was associated negatively, and significantly, with the capacity for self‐care. The four most prevalent chronic health problems in the sample were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.Linking Evidence to ActionIn people with chronic physical health problems, there is a positive relationship between PMH and self‐care capacity. An increase in the possibility of caring for oneself saw an increase in PMH; conversely, an increase in PMH brought with it an increased capacity for self‐care as well. Therefore, if actions are taken to increase PMH, the capacity for self‐care will also increase.
Acute Stroke Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in Community Hospitals in Northern California During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nguyen-Huynh Mai N. , Tang Xian Nan , Vinson David R. , Flint Alexander C. , Alexander Janet G. , Meighan Melissa , Burnett Molly , Sidney Stephen , Klingman Jeffrey G. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Shelter-in-place (SIP) orders implemented to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spread may inadvertently discourage patient care-seeking behavior for critical conditions like acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to compare temporal trends in volume of acute stroke alerts, patient characteristics, telestroke care, and short-term outcomes pre- and post-SIP orders.

Methods:
We conducted a cohort study in 21 stroke centers of an integrated healthcare system serving 4.4+ million members across Northern California. We included adult patients who presented with suspected acute stroke and were evaluated by telestroke between January 1, 2019, and May 9, 2020. SIP orders announced the week of March 15, 2020, created pre (January 1, 2019, to March 14, 2020) and post (March 15, 2020, to May 9, 2020) cohort for comparison. Main outcomes were stroke alert volumes and inpatient mortality for stroke.

Results:

Stroke alert weekly volume post-SIP (mean, 98 [95% CI, 92–104]) decreased significantly compared with pre-SIP (mean, 132 [95% CI, 130–136];
P
<0.001). Stroke discharges also dropped, in concordance with acute stroke alerts decrease. In total, 9120 patients were included: 8337 in pre- and 783 in post-SIP cohorts. There were no differences in patient demographics. Compared with pre-SIP, post-SIP patients had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (
P
=0.003), lower comorbidity score (
P
<0.001), and arrived more often by ambulance (
P
<0.001). Post-SIP, more patients had large vessel occlusions (
P
=0.03), and there were fewer stroke mimics (
P
=0.001). Discharge outcomes were similar for post-SIP and pre-SIP cohorts.

Conclusions:
In this cohort study, regional stroke alert and ischemic stroke discharge volumes decreased significantly in the early COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with pre-SIP, the post-SIP population showed no significant demographic differences but had lower comorbidity scores, more severe strokes, and more large vessel occlusions. The inpatient mortality was similar in both cohorts. Further studies are needed to understand the causes and implications of care avoidance to patients and healthcare systems.
Human–Automation Trust to Technologies for Naïve Users Amidst and Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yamani Yusuke , Long Shelby K. , Itoh Makoto 
Published: August 2020

Objective and background Trust is a critical factor that influences the success or failure of human–automation interaction in a variety of professional domains such as transportation, military, and healthcare. The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis will likely accelerate the implementation of automation and create unique problems involving human–automation trust for naïve users of automated technologies in the future. Method We briefly review factors that can influence the development of human–automation trust amidst and following the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on two theories on human-automation trust and how naïve users develop and maintain their trust in unfamiliar technologies. Results The current review identifies user workload and perceived risk as critical factors that will impact human–automation trust during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both theories predict that it is important for naïve users to accumulate and analyze behavioral evidence of automated technologies to maintain appropriate trust levels as the pandemic progresses. Conclusion and application Theories of human–automation trust inform trajectories of trust development toward unfamiliar technologies for naïve users. In application, manufacturers and distributers should focus on communicating system information effectively to retain users who may be “forced” to use unfamiliar technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mapping the Argentine New Left: Social Liberation, National Liberation, and Revolutionary Violence, 1969–1977
Authors: Copello David 
Published: August 2020

In recent years, investigation on 1960s/1970s revolutionary activism in Argentina has led to the publication of multiple case studies. Building on this literature, a more general view of what is often called the “new left” indicates that it is characterized by the importance assigned to three issues: social liberation, national liberation, and revolutionary violence. Two differentiating lines within this political space are an ideological divide (Marxism vs. Peronism) and an instrumental division over the strategic status of violence (insurrection vs. protracted people’s war vs. political-military action). En los últimos años, las investigaciones sobre el activismo revolucionario de la década de 1960–1970 en Argentina han dado lugar a la publicación de múltiples estudios de caso. En base a este material, se propone una visión más general de la a menudo denominada “nueva izquierda”, y cómo esta se caracteriza a partir de la importancia asignada a tres factores: la liberación social, la liberación nacional y la violencia revolucionaria. Hay dos dimensiones dentro de este espacio político: una división ideológica (marxismo vs. peronismo) y una división instrumental en torno al papel estratégico de la violencia (insurrección vs. guerra popular prolongada vs. acción político-militar).
Immunotherapy to reduce frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction; a pilot randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wade Derick T , Cooper James , Peckham Nicholas , Belci Maurizio 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To establish the feasibility of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of a specific immunotherapy bacterial lysate OM-89 (Uro-Vaxom®) in reducing the frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Design: A parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Patients at home, recruited through out-patient contact, social media and patient support groups. Subjects: People with a spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis or cauda equina syndrome who had suffered three or more clinically diagnosed urinary tract infections treated with antibiotics over the preceding 12 months. Interventions: All participants took one capsule of oral OM-89 immunotherapy (6 mg) or matching Placebo (randomisation ratio 1:1), once daily in the morning for 3 months. Main measures: The primary outcome was occurrence of a symptomatic urinary tract infection treated with an antibiotic, assessed at 3 and 6 months. Feasibility measures included recruitment, retention and practical difficulties. Results: Of 115 patients screened, 49 were recruited, one withdrew before randomization, and 23 were allocated to the control group receiving matching placebo. Six participants, all in the control group, discontinued the intervention; all participants provided full data at both follow-up times. Over 6 months, 18/25 active group patients had 55 infections, and 18/23 control group patients had 47 infections. Most research and clinical procedures were practical, and acceptable to participants. Conclusion: It is feasible to undertake a larger trial. We recommend broader inclusion criteria to increase eligibility and generalizability.
Understanding the seriousness of a stroke is essential for appropriate help-seeking and early arrival at a stroke centre: A cross-sectional study of stroke patients and their bystanders
Authors: Iversen Ane Bull , Blauenfeldt Rolf Ankerlund , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Sandal Birgitte F , Christensen Bo , Andersen Grethe , Christensen Morten Bondo 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Only a minority of patients with acute ischaemic stroke receive reperfusion treatment, primarily due to prehospital delay. We aimed to investigate predictors of a primary contact to the emergency medical services, arrival at stroke centre within 3 h of symptom onset and initiation of reperfusion therapy in patients with acute stroke. Patients and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage or transient ischaemic attack. Structured interviews of patients and bystanders were performed and combined with clinical information from the Danish Stroke Registry. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and were independent in activities of daily living before the stroke. Results We included 435 patients. Presence of a bystander at symptom onset and knowledge of ≥2 core symptoms of stroke were associated with a primary emergency medical services contact. Higher stroke severity and patients or bystanders perceiving the situation as very serious were associated with a primary emergency medical services contact (ORpatients 2.10; 95% CI 1.12–3.95 and ORbystanders 22.60; 95% CI 4.98–102.67), <3 h from onset to arrival (ORpatients 3.01; 95% CI 1.46–6.21 and ORbystanders 4.44; 95% CI 1.37–14.39) and initiation of reperfusion therapy (ORpatients 3.08; 95% CI 1.23–7.75 and ORbystanders 4.70; 95% CI 1.14–19.5). Conclusion: Having a bystander, knowledge of ≥2 core symptoms and understanding that stroke is a serious event are associated with appropriate help-seeking behaviour, shorter prehospital delay and higher chance of reperfusion therapy in acute stroke patients.
Alexander Calder’s Half-Circle, Quarter-Circle, and Sphere (1932): a complex history of repainting unraveled
Authors: Pozzi Federica , Arslanoglu Julie , Nagy Eleonora 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, owns one of the largest motorized works made by the renowned American artist Alexander Calder, titled Half-Circle, Quarter-Circle, and Sphere. Created in 1932, and acquired by the Whitney in 1969, this seminal work was featured in an iconic exhibition held in 2017 and entitled Calder: Hypermobility. Prior to that, the object underwent a series of treatments in order to repair its main kinetic elements that had become compromised during its lifetime. While the work’s mechanism retained its creator’s ingenious engineering solutions, the motor, urethane belts, plug, and electrical wires turned out to be neither original, nor authentic to the period. The appearance of the piece had also been altered, as most surfaces displayed multiple layers of overpainting and, thus, did not deliver the proper gloss, hue, and texture. These observations prompted a first, comprehensive scientific study to investigate the stratigraphy of Calder’s painted surfaces on Half-Circle, Quarter-Circle, and Sphere, with the final goal to comprehend and restore its original appearance through careful removal of the overpaint. Non-invasive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out to gain initial insight into the paints’ composition. After that, extensive microscopic sampling was performed to assess the possible presence of original layers below the repainting throughout the object’s surface. Cross sections were examined with optical microscopy and analyzed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), in order to identify pigments, colorants, and extenders located in the various paint layers. Scrapings were also investigated with pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) for a detailed characterization of the binding media. Scientific analysis revealed, in selected white and red areas, up to eleven layers of overpaint composed of a wide array of modern materials, including pigments (titanium white in the form of tetragonal rutile and a variety of synthetic organic red pigments) and binders (alkyd or late formulations of enamels based on ortho-phthalic acid/phthalic anhydride, glycerol and pentaerythritol, polyvinyl acetate with various plasticizers, and acrylics). On the other hand, the identification of materials that were available in the early 1930s, such as zinc white, calcite, and gypsum, as well as traditional drying oil binders, supported the hypothesis that a layer of original paint may still be present in certain areas. In addition to shedding new light on the stratigraphy of Calder’s painted surfaces, this study informed the optimization of a treatment plan tailored for the safe removal of the overpaint to uncover the original layer, wherever present.