bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Standardization of Chaturbhadra Kvath Churna
Authors: Mangal Anupam K , Tomer Rinku , Jindal Heena , Prasad Shyam B , Sharma Himanshu , Sharma Bhagwan S , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar S 
Published: June 2020

Aim:
The present study aims to develop pharmacognostical standards, the standard operating procedure (SOP), and analytical profiling including the physicochemical analysis of Chaturbhadra Kvath Churna, an Ayurvedic formulation.

Materials and methods:
The pharmacognostical (macroscopy, microscopy, and powder drug analysis), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), quantitative physicochemical analysis including loss on drying, alcohol- and water-soluble extractive values, total acid-insoluble ash and pH value were performed as per the standard procedures described in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). The microbial limit, aflatoxins, heavy metals, and pesticide residues were also determined.

Results and discussion:

Chaturbhadra Kvath Churna is greyish-brown color with slightly pungent taste. The powder microscopy revealed the presence of hexagonal thin-walled/polygonal/wavy-walled polygonal/stratified cork cells, crystalloid fiber of phloem, unicellular warty trichomes, bordered-pitted/annular/spiral vessels, nonlignified spindle-shaped fibers, stone cells, brown matter, prism-shaped calcium oxalate crystals, volatile oils, and free and compound types of starch grains. The TLC fingerprint was developed using hexane: ethyl acetate: formic acid (4:5:1) as a solvent system. The standardized limits of the physicochemical parameters, microbial count, aflatoxins, heavy metals, and pesticide residues were also laid down.

Conclusion:
This is the first-ever attempt made in order to develop the SOP and standardized specifications of Chaturbhadra Kvath Churna. Thus, the present study would be useful as the standardized reference protocol for the identification and standardization of this formulation.
A Little Life and Empathy Aptitude Reading
Authors: Worthen Joseph R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Reading literary fiction has long enjoyed a reputation as a constructive habit in American culture. It has been believed, at different times, to improve learnedness, social mobility, and even allay individual suffering as a type of therapy. This article examines one of the newest phases of reading as self-improvement: reading for the development of empathetic aptitude. Examining Goodreads reviews for Hanya Yanagihara's 2015 novel A Little Life reveals patterns in reader assumptions about the value of empathy to reading and points to a new paradigm catalyzed by Kidd and Castano's 2013 study, “Reading Literary Fiction Improves Theory of Mind.” Through a comprehensive interrogation of reader reviews and relevant scholarship, this article engages the characteristics, shortcomings, and future implications of the empathy aptitude reading.
Ressenya a Francisco Pons Fuster, Beatas. Mujeres espirituales valencianas en la Edad Moderna, València, 2019
Authors: Zaragoza Gómez Verònica 
Published: June 2020

Ressenya a Francisco Pons Fuster, Beatas. Mujeres espirituales valencianas en la Edad Moderna, València, Universitat de València, 2019, 280 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9134-428-5Review to Francisco Pons Fuster, Beatas. Mujeres espirituales valencianas en la Edad Moderna, València, Universitat de València, 2019, 280 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9134-428-5
Time Series Modelling of The Volume of Overland Timber Export in The Bolgatanga Municipality
Authors: Kpamma Henry M. , Bruku Silverius K. , Awaab John A. 
Published: June 2020

Aims/ Objectives: This research was carried out with the intention of using time series to model the volume of overland timber exported within Bolgatanga municipalityPlace and Duration of Study: Study of the time series was based on a historical data of the volume of timber exported for twenty consecutive years, from 1999 to 2019 within Bolgatanga municipality.Methodology: The three-stage iterative modeling approach for Box Jenkins was used to match an ARIMA model and to forecast both the amount of timber export and the confiscated lumber. ARIMA method incorporates a cycle of autoregressive and a moving average. The three-stage iterative modeling technique of Box Jenkins which were used are model recognition, parameter estimation and/or diagnostic checks were also made.
Results: From the preliminary investigation, the study showed that the amount of timber exported in municipality is skewed to the right, suggesting that much of the amount of timber exported is below the average. This, together with the high volatility in the volume of timber exported, indicates that the amount of timber exported within the municipalities during the twenty-year period was low. The plots from the trends also showed robust variations in the volume of timber exported indicating that timber exporters do not have better grips with the concepts and applications of export technology, hence the erratic nature of the volume of timber exported over the period. The quadratic pattern and the ARIMA (1,1,1) model best represented the amount of timber exported.The analysis further indicated that there will be a further decrease in the amount of timber export from the five years projection into the future. Over the last two decades the Bayesian approach to VAR has gained ground. For a future report, this estimation method will be followed to examine the ”long-run equilibrium relationships” between timber export volumes and climate change.Conclusion: The quadratic pattern and the ARIMA (1,1,1) model best represented the amount of timber exported. There will be a further decrease in the amount of timber export from the five years projection into the future.
The helically‐acquired CTDIvol as an alternative to traditional methodology
Authors: Leon Stephanie M. , Kobistek Robert J. , Olguin Edmond A. , Zhang Zhongwei , Barreto Izabella L. , Schwarz Bryan C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeMost clinical computed tomography (CT) protocols use helical scanning; however, the traditional method for CTDIvol measurement replaces the helical protocol with an axial scan, which is not easily accomplished on many scanners and may lead to unmatched collimation settings and bowtie filters. This study assesses whether CTDIvol can be accurately measured with a helical scan and determines the impact of pitch, collimation width, and excess scan length.MethodsCTDIvol was measured for 95 helical protocols on 31 CT scanners from all major manufacturers. CTDIvol was measured axially, then again helically, with the scan range set to the active area of the pencil chamber seen on the localizer image. CTDIvol measurements using each method were compared to each other and to the scanner‐displayed CTDIvol. To test the impact of scan length, the study was repeated on four scanners, with the scan range set to the phantom borders seen on the localizer.ResultsIt was not possible to match the collimation width between the axial and helical modes for 12 of the 95 protocols tested. For helical and axial protocols with matched collimation, the difference between the two methods averaged below 1 mGy with a correlation of R2 = 0.99. The difference between the methods was not statistically significant (P = 0.81). The traditional method produced four measurements that differed from the displayed CTDIvol by >20%; no helical measurements did. The accuracy of the helical CTDIvol was independent of protocol pitch (R2 = 0.0) or collimation (R2 = 0.0). Extending the scan range to the phantom borders increased the measured CTDIvol by 2.1%–9.7%.ConclusionThere was excellent agreement between the two measurement methods and to the displayed CTDIvol, without protocol or vendor dependence. The helical CTDIvol measurement can be accomplished more easily than the axial method on many scanners and is reasonable to use for QC purposes.
Younger adults report more distress and less well‐being: A cross‐cultural study of event centrality, depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder and life satisfaction
Authors: Zaragoza Scherman Alejandra , Salgado Sinué , Shao Zhifang , Berntsen Dorthe 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe extent to which highly emotional autobiographical memories become central to one's identity and life story influences mental health. Young adults report higher distress and lower well‐being, compared with middle‐aged and/or older adults; whether this replicates across cultures is still unclear. First, we provide a review of the literature that examines age‐differences in depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and life satisfaction in adulthood across cultures. Second, we report findings from a cross‐cultural study that examined event centrality of highly positive and negative autobiographical memories along with symptoms of depression and PTSD, and levels of life satisfaction in approximately 1000 young and middle‐aged adults from Mexico, Greenland, China and Denmark. Both age groups provided higher centrality ratings to the positive life event; however, the relative difference between the ratings for the positive and negative event was smaller in the young adults. Young adults reported significantly more distress and less well‐being across cultures.
New Polymorphs of 2D Indium Selenide with Enhanced Electronic Properties
Authors: Sun Yuanhui , Li Yawen , Li Tianshu , Biswas Koushik , Patanè Amalia , Zhang Lijun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe 2D semiconductor indium selenide (InSe) has attracted significant interest due its unique electronic band structure, high electron mobility, and wide tunability of its band gap energy achieved by varying the layer thickness. All these features make 2D InSe a potential candidate for advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, the discovery of new polymorphs of InSe with enhanced electronic properties is reported. Using a global structure search that combines artificial swarm intelligence with first‐principles energetic calculations, polymorphs that consist of a centrosymmetric monolayer belonging to the point group D3d are identified, distinct from well‐known polymorphs based on the D3h monolayers that lack inversion symmetry. The new polymorphs are thermodynamically and kinetically stable, and exhibit a wider optical spectral response and larger electron mobilities compared to the known polymorphs. Opportunities to synthesize these newly discovered polymorphs and viable routes to identify them by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation experiments are discussed.
Multicompartment Polymer Vesicles with Artificial Organelles for Signal‐Triggered Cascade Reactions Including Cytoskeleton Formation
Authors: Belluati Andrea , Thamboo Sagana , Najer Adrian , Maffeis Viviana , von Planta Claudio , Craciun Ioana , Palivan Cornelia G. , Meier Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganelles, i.e., internal subcompartments of cells, are fundamental to spatially separate cellular processes, while controlled intercompartment communication is essential for signal transduction. Furthermore, dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton provides the mechanical basis for cell shape transformations and mobility. In a quest to develop cell‐like smart synthetic materials, exhibiting functional flexibility, a self‐assembled vesicular multicompartment system, comprised of a polymeric membrane (giant unilamellar vesicle, GUV) enveloping polymeric artificial organelles (vesicles, nanoparticles), is herein presented. Such multicompartment assemblies respond to an external stimulus that is transduced through a precise sequence. Stimuli‐triggered communication between two types of internal artificial organelles induces and localizes an enzymatic reaction and allows ion‐channel mediated release from storage vacuoles. Moreover, cytoskeleton formation in the GUVs' lumen can be triggered by addition of ionophores and ions. An additional level of control is achieved by signal‐triggered ionophore translocation from organelles to the outer membrane, triggering cytoskeleton formation. This system is further used to study the diffusion of various cytoskeletal drugs across the synthetic outer membrane, demonstrating potential applicability, e.g., anticancer drug screening. Such multicompartment assemblies represent a robust system harboring many different functionalities and are a considerable leap in the application of cell logics to reactive and smart synthetic materials.
Ru Species Supported on MOF‐Derived N‐Doped TiO2/C Hybrids as Efficient Electrocatalytic/Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Yan Baolin , Liu Dapeng , Feng Xilan , Shao Mingzhe , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of efficient catalysts is of great importance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water splitting via electrocatalytic/photocatalytic processes to remediate the current severe environmental and energy problems. By aid of the stabilization effects of uncoordinated groups and inherent pore‐confinement of amine‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks (NH2‐MIL‐125), two forms of Ru species including nanoparticles (NPs) and/or single atoms (SAs) can be firmly embedded in NH2‐MIL‐125 derived N‐doped TiO2/C support (N‐TC), and thus obtain two kinds of samples named Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC and Ru‐SAs@N‐TC, respectively. In the synthetic process, the initial feeding amount of Ru3+ ions not only strongly determines the final size and dispersion states of Ru species but also the morphology and defective structures of N‐TC support. Impressively, Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC exhibit superior catalytic activities to Ru‐SAs@N‐TC for either electrocatalytic or photocatalytic HER. This should be attributed to its larger specific surface area and benefiting from synergistic coupling of Ru NPs and Ru SAs. It is envisioned that the present work can provide a new avenue for development of high‐efficiency and multifunctional hybrid catalysts in sustainable energy conversion.
High‐Performance On‐Chip Electron Sources Based on Electroformed Silicon Oxide
Authors: Yang Wei , Li Zhiwei , Wang Yuwei , Shen Jun , Wei Dapeng , Wei Xianlong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOn‐chip electron sources with the advantages of high emission current and density, high emission efficiency, low working voltage, and easy fabrication are highly desired for scaling down free electron‐based devices and systems, especially for realizing those on a chip, but remain challenging. Here, such an on‐chip electron source is reported simply based on electroformed silicon oxide between concentric graphene films on silicon oxide substrate. It is demonstrated that electron emission from an electron emitter can be driven by a low voltage about 11 V, and a high emission efficiency of 33.6%. An on‐chip electron source with 36 × 36 emitter array in an area of 594 × 594 µm2 exhibits an emission current up to 1 mA at 38 V working voltage, corresponding to a high emission density of 283 mA cm−2. Electron emission from the sources is thought to be generated from horizontal tunneling diodes formed in electroformed silicon oxide. Combined advantages of high emission current and density, high emission efficiency, low working voltage, and easy fabrication make this on‐chip electron sources promising in realizing miniature and on‐chip free electron‐based devices and systems.
Delayed bleeding complication due to internal mammary artery injury after ultrasound‐guided percutaneous catheter drainage for liver cyst infection
Authors: Arai Tomoyuki , Masuda Shinichiro , Nakano Tomotsugu , Hojo Rintaro , Tsuchiyama Takaaki , Fukamizu Seiji , Shibui Takashi 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundUltrasound‐guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) is widely accepted as a primary treatment for pyogenic liver abscess. Severe PCD‐related complications have been reported; however, delayed bleeding complications due to internal mammary artery injury are unknown.Case PresentationAn 84‐year‐old man undergoing hemodialysis owing to chronic kidney disease due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was admitted to our hospital for liver cyst infection. Ultrasound‐guided PCD was carried out through the normal liver at the upper abdominal midline at the level of the sixth intercostal space. Two days later, an abdominal hematoma occurred at the puncture site. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed extravasation of the distal right internal mammary artery, which was successfully treated with percutaneous coil embolization.ConclusionInternal mammary artery injury should be considered as a differential diagnosis when a progressing hematoma develops after PCD.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Additions of Nucleophiles to Cyclic Carbonates for the Preparation of Self‐Blowing Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Monie Florent , Grignard Bruno , Thomassin Jean‐Michel , Mereau Raphael , Tassaing Thierry , Jerome Christine , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foams are indisputably daily essential materials found in many applications, notably for comfort (for example, matrasses) or energy saving (for example, thermal insulation). Today, greener routes for their production are intensively searched for to avoid the use of toxic isocyanates. An easily scalable process for the simple construction of self‐blown isocyanate‐free PU foams by exploiting the organocatalyzed chemo‐ and regioselective additions of amines and thiols to easily accessible cyclic carbonates is described. These reactions are first validated on model compounds and rationalized by DFT calculations. Various foams are then prepared and characterized in terms of morphology and mechanical properties, and the scope of the process is illustrated by modulating the composition of the reactive formulation. With impressive diversity and accessibility of the main components of the formulations, this new robust and solvent‐free process could open avenues for construction of more sustainable PU foams, and offers the first realistic alternative to the traditional isocyanate route.
Enzymatically Formed Peptide Assemblies Sequestrate Proteins and Relocate Inhibitors to Selectively Kill Cancer Cells
Authors: He Hongjian , Liu Shuang , Wu Difei , Xu Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, we show that an enzymatic reaction can generate peptide assemblies that sequestrate proteins to selectively kill cancer cells. A phosphopeptide bearing the antagonistic motif (AVPI) to the inhibitors of apoptotic proteins (IAPs) enters cancer cells and normal cells by caveolin‐dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis, respectively. The AVPI‐bearing peptide assemblies sequestrates IAPs and releases bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, in the cytosol of cancer cells, but rescues the normal cells (namely, HS‐5 cells) by trafficking the BTZ into lysosomes. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) acts as a context‐dependent signal for trafficking the peptide/BTZ assemblies and selectively induces the death of the cancer cells. The assemblies of AVPI exhibit enhanced proteolytic resistance. This work, which utilizes the difference in endocytic uptake of enzymatically formed peptide assemblies to selectively kill cancer cells, promises a new way to develop selective cancer therapeutics.
Self‐Sorting Supramolecular Polymerization: Helical and Lamellar Aggregates of Tetra‐Bay‐Acyloxy Perylene Bisimide
Authors: Hecht Markus , Leowanawat Pawaret , Gerlach Tabea , Stepanenko Vladimir , Stolte Matthias , Lehmann Matthias , Würthner Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new perylene bisimide (PBI), with a fluorescence quantum yield up to unity, self‐assembles into two polymorphic supramolecular polymers. This PBI bears four solubilizing acyloxy substituents at the bay positions and is unsubstituted at the imide position, thereby allowing hydrogen‐bond‐directed self‐assembly in nonpolar solvents. The formation of the polymorphs is controlled by the cooling rate of hot monomer solutions. They show distinctive absorption profiles and morphologies and can be isolated in different polymorphic liquid‐crystalline states. The interchromophoric arrangement causing the spectral features was elucidated, revealing the formation of columnar and lamellar phases, which are formed by either homo‐ or heterochiral self‐assembly, respectively, of the atropoenantiomeric PBIs. Kinetic studies reveal a narcissistic self‐sorting process upon fast cooling, and that the transformation into the heterochiral (racemic) sheetlike self‐assemblies proceeds by dissociation via the monomeric state.
A Robust Porous Quinoline Cage: Transformation of a [4+6] Salicylimine Cage by Povarov Cyclization
Authors: Alexandre Pierre‐Emmanuel , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Rominger Frank , Elbert Sven M. , Schröder Rasmus R. , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPorous shape‐persistent organic cages have become the object of interest in recent years because they are soluble and thus processable from solution. A variety of cages can be achieved by applying dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC), but they are less chemically stable. Here the transformation of a salicylimine cage into a quinoline cage by a twelve‐fold Povarov reaction as the key step is described. Besides the chemical stability of the cage over a broad pH regime, it shows a unique absorption and emission depending on acid concentration. Furthermore, thin films for the vapor detection of acids were investigated, showing color switches from pale‐yellow to red, and characteristic emission profiles.
Modulating Electrostatic Interactions in Ion Pair Intermediates To Alter Site Selectivity in the C−O Deoxygenation of Sugars
Authors: Lowe Jared M. , Bowers Bekah E. , Seo Youngran , Gagné Michel R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractControlling which products one can access from the predefined biomass‐derived sugars is challenging. Changing from CH2Cl2 to the greener alternative toluene alters which C−O bonds in a sugar are cleaved by the tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane/HSiR3 catalyst system. This increases the diversity of high‐value products that can be obtained through one‐step, high‐yielding, catalytic transformations of the mono‐, di‐, and oligosaccharides. Computational methods helped identify this non‐intuitive outcome in low dielectric solvents to non‐isotropic electrostatic enhancements in the key ion pair intermediates, which influence the reaction coordinate in the reactivity‐/selectivity‐determining step. Molecular‐level models for these effects have far‐reaching consequences in stereoselective ion pair catalysis.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Azidation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Qi Xiaoxu , Hou Chuanqi , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe first Pd‐catalyzed enantioselective azidation of unactivated alkenes has been established by using readily accessible 1‐azido‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1H)‐one (ABX) as an azidating reagent, which affords a wide variety of structurally diverse 3‐N3‐substituted piperidines in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity. The reaction features good functional‐group compatibility and mild reaction conditions. Notably, both an electrophilic azidating reagent and the sterically bulky chiral pyridinyl‐oxazoline (Pyox) ligand are crucial to the successful reaction.