bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent engagement in an original and culturally adapted evidence‐based parenting program, Legacy for Children™
Authors: So Marvin , Almeida Rojo Ana L. , Robinson Lara R. , Hartwig Sophie A. , Heggs Lee Akilah R. , Beasley Lana O. , Silovsky Jane F. , Morris Amanda Sheffield , Stiller Titchener Kelly , Zapata Martha I. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTLegacy for Children™ (Legacy) is an evidence‐based program focused on promoting sensitive, responsive parenting for socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Legacy has recently been culturally and linguistically adapted for Spanish‐monolingual Latino families and is being piloted in partnership with an early childhood education program. We conducted a mixed methods study to identify barriers and facilitators to engagement, using program monitoring data sources from both participant and group leader perspectives. We conducted qualitative analyses of open‐ended data to identify distinct barriers (e.g., employment challenges, health‐related challenges and appointments) and facilitators (e.g., other mothers in group, interest in program topics) to engagement that emerged across English and Spanish language curriculum versions; curriculum‐specific barriers and facilitators were also documented. We interpret these findings in light of quantitative data on measures of engagement, showing that participants in the Spanish curriculum evidenced comparable levels of parent–group leader relationship quality relative to the English group, and higher levels of parent's group support/connectedness and overall satisfaction. These results offer promising considerations for optimizing families’ engagement in parenting programs in the context of early care and education settings.
Osteogenic properties of manganese‐doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles
Authors: Westhauser Fabian , Wilkesmann Sebastian , Nawaz Qaisar , Schmitz Sarah I. , Moghaddam Arash , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs) based on the SiO2–P2O5–CaO system have demonstrated promising properties for the local delivery of therapeutically active ions with the aim to improve their osteogenic properties. Manganese (Mn) has been identified as a candidate ion for local application in bone tissue engineering applications. It remains unknown how SiO2–P2O5–CaO‐based MBGNs influence human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) in terms of viability, proliferation, and differentiation and how these features can be modified by the addition of Mn to the MBGNs' composition. Therefore, in this study, MBGNs (composition in mol%: 50 SiO2, 40 CaO, 10 P2O5) and its Mn‐doped derivate 5Mn‐MBGNs (composition in mol%: 50 SiO2, 35 CaO, 10 P2O5, 5 MnO) were applied to a culture of BMSCs in two different concentrations. With increasing concentration, 5Mn‐MBGNs supported osteogenic differentiation and enhanced the upregulation of genes encoding for extracellular matrix proteins but also negatively influenced cell viability and proliferation. When applied in lower concentrations, MBGNs showed not only viability‐ and growth‐enhancing effects but also significant pro‐osteogenic features—however, these positive properties deteriorated with increasing concentration. Two major conclusions can be drawn from this study: (a) supplementation with Mn enhances the osteogenic properties of MBGNs in a dose‐dependent manner and (b) MBGNs constitute an attractive vector for therapeutically active ions since it exhibits an intrinsic pro‐osteogenic potential that can be improved and/or modified by incorporation of therapeutically active ions. Future studies should focus on the evaluation of further candidate ions that are known to influence osteogenic differentiation positively.
Identification of serum exosomal lncRNA MIAT as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhou Jie , Tang Jin , Min Xuli , Yi Tingting , Zhao Jing , Ren Yongjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) MIAT is significantly upregulated in many cancer types including gastric cancer (GC). However, the potential clinical significance of serum exosomal MIAT in GC is unknown.MethodsIn this study, a total of 109 GC patients, 48 gastric adenoma patients, and 50 healthy individuals were recruited. Serum exosomal MIAT levels were detected in all participants using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsThe exosomes we extracted from the serum samples were positive for TSG101, CD63, and Flotillin‐1, which were known exosome markers. Serum exosomal MIAT levels were significantly higher in GC patients than in gastric adenoma patients and healthy controls. Interestingly, gastric adenoma patients with higher serum exosomal MIAT expression were more prone to develop GC. In addition, serum exosomal MIAT levels were significantly decreased in post‐treatment blood samples compared to pre‐treatment samples, while markedly increased in the cases suffering recurrence. Moreover, serum exosomal MIAT upregulation was significantly associated with worse clinical variables and shorter survival. Furthermore, serum exosomal MIAT was identified as an independent prognostic factor for GC.ConclusionsCollectively, serum exosomal lncRNA MIAT might serve as a promising novel biomarker for monitoring the progression of GC.
Comparison of CMIP6 and CMIP5 simulations of precipitation in China and the East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Xin Xiaoge , Wu Tongwen , Zhang Jie , Yao Junchen , Fang Yongjie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe evaluate and compare the simulation of summer precipitation in China and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) by eight climate models from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the corresponding eight previous models from CMIP5. Skill metrics are calculated to assess the climatology, interannual variation and linear trends during the time period 1961–2005. The CMIP6 multimodel ensemble (MME) is more skillful than the CMIP5 MME in the spatial correlation and standard deviation (SD) of the climatological precipitation over Eastern China. All the CMIP6 models improve the skill scores in the climatological pattern of the EASM relative to the previous models of CMIP5, which is related to their smaller sea surface temperature (SST) biases over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The models with a higher capability in reproducing the climatological pattern of the EASM tend to have a better skill in simulating summer precipitation over Eastern China. Most (six of eight) of the CMIP6 models have advantages over the previous CMIP5 models in reproducing the interannual anomalous rainfall pattern over Eastern China related to the EASM. Ten of the 16 models partly reproduce the weakening trend of the EASM during 1961–2005. The high‐skill models (GISS‐E2‐H, GISS‐E2‐1‐H) that simulate a clear weakening trend in the EASM also reasonably simulate the negative correlation between the EASM and the SST over Eastern Indian and the Western Pacific Oceans (EIWP). By contrast, the two models (CESM2 and CESM2‐WACCM) that simulate a positive correlation over the EIWP both produce increasing trends in the EASM indices. This indicates the importance of climate models in simulating the relationship between the EASM and the SST over the EIWP. Among the 16 models, only 2 CMIP6 models (BCC‐CSM2‐MR and GISS‐E2‐1‐H) partly reproduce the linear trend of precipitation over Eastern China, featured by the pattern of “southern flood and northern drought.”
On the Conceptual Overlap between the Fluency Contamination Effect in Divergent Thinking Scores and the Chance View on Scientific Creativity
Authors: Forthmann Boris , Szardenings Carsten , Dumas Denis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe equal odds baseline is a parsimonious model that describes the relationship between quantity and quality of output in scientific creativity. Specifically, it is posited that quality is a linear function of quantity, and therefore, strong positive correlations between these two variables are expected. Strong positive correlations also play a crucial role in a recurring issue in divergent thinking research: the fluency contamination effect. This effect refers to the problem that any other summative scoring of divergent thinking tests such as the number of original responses (i.e., quality of responses) is confounded by fluency (i.e., quantity of responses). The current work sheds further light into the conceptual overlap between the equal odds baseline, and the fluency contamination effect by demonstrating that a recent formalization of the fluency contamination effect can be used to derive the equal odds baseline. This result is then utilized within a structural equation modeling approach with simulated datasets to thoroughly examine the equal odds baseline. The findings of the structural equation modeling approach are discussed with respect to their potential to better understand the relationship between quantity and quality of productions in creativity research.
Raised-Footrope Gill-Net Modification Significantly Reduces Subadult Atlantic Sturgeon Bycatch
Authors: Hager Christian , Levesque Juan C. , Dickey R. Jason , Kahn Jason E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bycatch is a major problem in most commercial fisheries around the world and is among the greatest challenges for fisheries managers tasked with conserving, protecting, and sustaining marine resources. Bycatch of protected species is particularly problematic because even small levels of bycatch mortality can hinder conservation efforts. The federally protected Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus is one such example. Unknown numbers of Atlantic Sturgeon are caught as bycatch in commercial gill-net fisheries along the U.S. Atlantic coast, with discard mortality rates as high as 51%. The Striped Bass Morone saxatilis sink gill-net fishery in the James River, a tributary to Chesapeake Bay, is the only inshore fishery in Virginia with mesh sizes (13.3–20.3-cm stretched mesh) that are large enough to have high levels of Atlantic Sturgeon bycatch. This study was conducted during the spring fishery and examined a modified gill-net design that incorporated a raised footrope at the bottom of the net, creating an approximately 1-m space between the benthos and the net. The modified net was fished alongside conventional commercial gear to evaluate catch rates of Striped Bass and Atlantic Sturgeon in each gear. Our findings showed that the experimental net significantly reduced bycatch of Atlantic Sturgeon (64.3%) and significantly increased the landings of Striped Bass (45.6%). This gear should be considered as a management option for the spring Striped Bass fishery in Virginia and any fishery in which subadult Atlantic Sturgeon are the primary bycatch. Additional research on seasonal orientation of Atlantic Sturgeon in the water column is needed before adopting the raised-footrope design in the presence of adults on spawning runs.
Achieving Productivity to Recover and Restore Columbia River Stream-Type Chinook Salmon Relies on Increasing Smolt-To-Adult Survival
Authors: Petrosky Charles E. , Schaller Howard A , Tinus Eric S. , Copeland Timothy , Storch Adam J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We analyzed and compared productivity and survival rates of populations of stream-type Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the upper and middle ranges of their distribution in the Columbia River basin. These two groups of populations undergo vastly different exposures during migration through the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS). Declines of the Snake River populations, listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, have been associated with the development and operation of the FCRPS. In contrast, John Day River stream-type Chinook Salmon populations, which were less affected by the FCRPS, have declined to a lesser extent and are not listed. Smolt-to-adult survival rates (SARs) accounted for a majority of the variation in life cycle survival rates of Snake River Chinook Salmon. Productivity declined to 13% and 44% of historical productivity levels for Snake River and John Day River populations, respectively. A synthesis of previous studies contrasting anthropogenic impacts between the two regions supports the conclusion that FCRPS impacts explain the large difference in population productivity. Our results suggest that SARs of 4% would result in an expected productivity of up to 70% of historical levels (a SAR level consistent with regional restoration objectives). The SARs have been shown to be highly influenced by conditions within the FCRPS (e.g., water velocity and passage through dam powerhouses). Marine conditions also influence SARs; however, meaningful management actions are only available to affect conditions within the FCRPS. Given the importance of SARs to overall life cycle productivity, recovery and restoration strategies need to prioritize actions that have potential to substantially increase SARs by addressing the significant impacts of main-stem dams. This study highlights the importance of considering river management options in the face of increasingly variable and warming ocean conditions.
Carpino's protecting groups, beyond the Boc and the Fmoc
Authors: El‐Faham Ayman , Albericio Fernando 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeptide synthesis is often defined as “the suitable combination of protecting groups and coupling reagents.” This sentence can also be used to define the scientific career of Professor Louis A. Carpino, who revolutionized peptide synthesis through the development of new paradigms in both protecting groups and coupling reagents. This review addresses the contributions of Professor Carpino to the former, not from a historical perspective but rather with the intention of revisiting his work as inspiration for the development of new chemistries.
Age and environmental exposures influence the fecal bacteriome of young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Loman Brett R. , Shrestha Chandra L. , Thompson Rohan , Groner Judith A. , Mejias Asuncion , Ruoff Kathryn L. , O'Toole George A. , Bailey Michael T. , Kopp Benjamin T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMechanisms that facilitate early infection and inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) are unclear. We previously showed that young CF children with secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) have increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. We aimed to define the impact of SHSe and other external factors upon the fecal bacteriome in early CF.MethodsTwenty CF infants and children were enrolled, clinical data recorded, and hair nicotine measured as an objective surrogate of SHSe. Fecal samples were collected at clinic visits and bacteriome 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed.ResultsSHSe was associated with increased alpha diversity and increased relative abundance of Acinetobacter and Akkermansia, along with decreased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Recent antibiotic exposure predicted bacterial population structure in children less than 2 years of age and was associated with decreased Bacteroides relative abundance. Age was the strongest predictor of overall fecal bacterial composition and positively associated with Blautia and Parabacteroides. Weight for length was negatively associated with Staphylococcus relative abundance.ConclusionsSHSe and other external factors such as antibiotics appear to alter fecal bacterial composition in young CF children, but the strongest predictor of overall composition was age. These findings have implications for understanding the intestinal microbiome in young CF children.
Lattices and quantales of ideals of semigroups and their preservation under Morita contexts
Authors: Laan Valdis , Márki László , Reimaa Ülo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study properties of the lattice of unitary ideals of a semigroup. In particular, we show that it is a quantale. We prove that if two semigroups are connected by an acceptable Morita context then there is an isomorphism between the quantales of unitary ideals of these semigroups. Moreover, factorisable ideals corresponding to each other under this isomorphism are strongly Morita equivalent.
A holistic view on plant effector-triggered immunity presented as an iceberg model
Authors: Thordal-Christensen Hans 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe immune system of plants is highly complex. It involves pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which is signaled and manifested through branched multi-step pathways. To counteract this, pathogen effectors target and inhibit individual PTI steps. This in turn can cause specific plant cytosolic nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors to activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Plants and pathogens have many genes encoding NLRs and effectors, respectively. Yet, only a few segregate genetically as resistance (R) genes and avirulence (Avr) effector genes in wild-type populations. In an attempt to explain this contradiction, a model is proposed where far most of the NLRs, the effectors and the effector targets keep one another in a silent state. In this so-called “iceberg model”, a few NLR-effector combinations are genetically visible above the surface, while the vast majority is hidden below. Besides, addressing the existence of many NLRs and effectors, the model also helps to explain why individual downregulation of many effectors causes reduced virulence and why many lesion-mimic mutants are found. Finally, the iceberg model accommodates genuine plant susceptibility factors as potential effector targets.
Mechanisms of Schwann cell plasticity involved in peripheral nerve repair after injury
Authors: Nocera Gianluigi , Jacob Claire 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe great plasticity of Schwann cells (SCs), the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is a critical feature in the context of peripheral nerve regeneration following traumatic injuries and peripheral neuropathies. After a nerve damage, SCs are rapidly activated by injury-induced signals and respond by entering the repair program. During the repair program, SCs undergo dynamic cell reprogramming and morphogenic changes aimed at promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. SCs convert into a repair phenotype, activate negative regulators of myelination and demyelinate the damaged nerve. Moreover, they express many genes typical of their immature state as well as numerous de-novo genes. These genes modulate and drive the regeneration process by promoting neuronal survival, damaged axon disintegration, myelin clearance, axonal regrowth and guidance to their former target, and by finally remyelinating the regenerated axon. Many signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators and epigenetic mechanisms regulate these events. In this review, we discuss the main steps of the repair program with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate SC plasticity following peripheral nerve injury.
Optimal error analysis of MJO prediction associated with uncertainties in sea surface temperature over Indian Ocean
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Tang Youmin , Zhou Lei , Yao Zhixiong , Shen Zheqi , Li Junde , Liu Ting 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, the predictability of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is investigated using the coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) and the climatically relevant singular vector (CSV) method. The CSV method is an ensemble-based strategy to calculate the optimal growth of the initial error on the climate scale. We focus on the CSV analysis of MJO initialized at phase II, facilitating the investigation of the effect of the initial errors of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian Ocean on it. Six different MJO events are chosen as the study cases to ensure the robustness of the results. The results indicate that for all the study cases, the optimal perturbation structure of the SST, denoted by the leading mode of the singular vectors (SVs), is a meridional dipole-like pattern between the Bay of Bengal and the southern central Indian Ocean. The MJO signal tends to be more converged and significant in the Eastern Hemisphere while the model is perturbed by leading SV. The moist static energy analysis results indicate that the eastward propagation is much more evident in the terms of vertical advection and radiation flux than others. Therefore, the SV perturbation can strengthen and converge the MJO signal mostly by increasing the vertical advection of the moist static energy. Further, the sensitivity studies indicate that the structure of the leading SV is not sensitive to the initial states, which suggests that we might not need to calculate SVs for each initial time in constructing the ensemble prediction, significantly saving computational time in the operational forecast systems.
A model-based estimation of critical torques reduces the experimental effort compared to conventional testing
Authors: Herold Johannes L. , Sommer Andreas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Critical torque (CT) is an important fatigue threshold in exercise physiology and can be used to analyze, predict, or optimize performance. The objective of this work is to reduce the experimental effort when estimating CTs for sustained and intermittent isometric contractions using a model-based approach.

Materials and methods
We employ a phenomenological model of the time course of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque and compute the highest sustainable torque output by solving an optimization problem. We then show that our results are consistent with the steady states obtained when simulating periodic maximum loading schemes. These simulations correspond to all-out tests, which are used to estimate CTs in practice. Based on these observations, the estimation of CTs can be formulated mathematically as a parameter estimation problem. To minimize the statistical uncertainty of the parameter estimates and consequently of the estimated CTs, we compute optimized testing sessions. This reduces the experimental effort even further.

Results
We estimate CTs of the elbow flexors for sustained isometric contractions to be 28% of baseline MVIC torque and for intermittent isometric contractions consisting of a 3 s contraction followed by 2 s rest to be 41% of baseline MVIC torque. We show that a single optimized testing session is sufficient when using our approach.

Conclusions
Our approach reduces the experimental effort considerably when estimating CTs for sustained and intermittent isometric contractions.