bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of HPV Status and AurkA Phe31Ile Polymorphism on The Response to Cetuximab Treatment of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Patients
Authors: Muth Julia , Roth Andreas , Siegl Michael , Piontek Guido , Reiter Rudolf , Wirth Markus , Brockhoff Gero , Weichert Wilko , Pickhard Anja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Since 2004, the use of the monoclonal antibody cetuximab has been preferred over platinum-based therapy for patients with advanced Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the response rate to the treatment is only around 20%. Currently, no biomarkers have been identified to differentiate potential responders from non-responders to cetuximab therapy.Methods: We evaluated the predictive and prognostic properties of AurkA polymorphism and HPV infection in HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab. Clinical data of 434 patients was collected and tissue was analyzed for AurkA polymorphism using PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to stain for various markers and their expression levels were scored. Cell culture experiments were performed to complement clinical findings.Results: We demonstrated in vivo as well as in vitro that both AurkA polymorphism and HPV status have predictive and prognostic value. Conclusions: AurkA polymorphism and HPV status could be beneficial for response prediction and therapy optimization for HNSCC patients.
Destabilization of The Bacterial Interactome Tracks Nutrient Restriction-Induced Dysbiosis in Insect Gut
Authors: Marasco Ramona , Fusi Marco , Callegari Matteo , Juker Costanza , Mapelli Francesca , Borin Sara , Savoldelli Sara , Daffonchio Daniele , Crotti Elena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Stress affects host growth and development and can induce changes in the gut microbiome, commonly defined as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been proposed to affect community beta-diversity and within-beta-diversity (community dispersion). As abiotic and biotic stresses, nutrient restriction (NR) also impairs host fitness and results in dysbiosis. However, NR does not introduce overt negative effectors or selectors, such as toxic compounds, pathogens, or parasites, resulting in its role as a determinant of beta-diversity changes being questioned. We hypothesize that following NR, gut dysbiosis is reflected via changes in networking properties of the microbiome rather than via variation in its beta-diversity and/or dispersion. To test our hypothesis, we fed the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, a nutritionally versatile polyphagous insect, with two NR diets and a control full-nutrient (FN) diet. Then, we assessed the effects of NR on insect growth and development and gut physicochemical conditions to validate the presence of dysbiosis. In addition, we analyzed the bacterial diversity associated with larvae, pupae, and adults via 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess the role of NR on the composition, structure, and stability of the bacterial communities.Results. NR strongly affected insect growth and development, inducing significant changes in the physiochemical conditions of the larval gut. Further, diet-dependent differences in bacterial composition—expected in holometabolous/polyphagous insects—were observed, with enrichment in diet-specific keystone bacterial taxa (Bacilli in FN-fed individuals and Clostridia and Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria in NR-fed individuals), and greater microbiome dispersion in adults but not in larvae and pupae.Conclusions. While NR establishes alternative stable configurations of the gut microbiome compared with normally fed gut, NR-driven dysbiotic growth performance is considerably reflected in rarefied, less structured, and connected bacterial interactomes than in within beta-diversity changes.
A Multi-OMIC Characterisation of Biodegradation and Microbial Community Succession Within the PET Plastisphere
Authors: Wright Robyn J , Bosch Rafael , Langille Morgan GI , Gibson Matthew I , Christie-Oleza Joseph A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPlastics now pollute marine environments across the globe. On entering these environments, plastics are rapidly colonised by a diverse community of microorganisms termed the Plastisphere. Members of the Plastisphere have a myriad of diverse functions typically found in any biofilm but, additionally, a number of marine Plastisphere studies have claimed the presence of plastic-biodegrading organisms, although with little mechanistic verification. Here we obtained a microbial community from marine plastic debris and analysed the community succession across six weeks of incubation with different polyethylene terephthalate (PET) products as the sole carbon source, and further characterised the mechanisms involved in PET degradation by two bacterial isolates from the Plastisphere. ResultsWe found that all communities differed significantly from the inoculum and were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, i.e. Alteromonadaceae and Thalassospiraceae at early time points, Alcanivoraceae at later time points and Vibrionaceae throughout. The large number of encoded enzymes involved in PET degradation found in predicted metagenomes and the observation of polymer oxidation by FTIR analyses both suggested PET degradation was occurring. However, we were unable to detect intermediates of PET hydrolysis with metabolomic analyses, which may be attributed to their rapid depletion by the complex community. To further confirm the PET biodegrading potential within the Plastisphere of marine plastic debris, we used a combined proteogenomic and metabolomic approach to characterise amorphous PET degradation by two novel marine isolates, Thioclava sp. BHET1 and Bacillus sp. BHET2. The identification of PET hydrolytic intermediates by metabolomics confirmed that both isolates were able to degrade PET. High-throughput proteomics revealed that while Thioclava sp. BHET1 used the degradation pathway identified in terrestrial environment counterparts, these were absent in Bacillus sp. BHET2, indicating that either the enzymes used by this bacterium share little homology with those characterised previously, or that this bacterium uses a novel pathway for PET degradation. ConclusionsOverall, the results of our multi-OMIC characterisation of PET degradation provide a significant step forwards in our understanding of marine plastic degradation by bacterial isolates and communities and evidences the biodegrading potential extant in the Plastisphere of marine plastic debris.
Long-term Follow-Up of Prophylactic Mesh Reinforcement After Emergency Laparotomy. Cohorts Study.
Authors: Bravo-Salva Alejandro , Argudo-Aguirre Nuria , González-Castillo Ana María , Membrilla-Fernandez Estela , Sancho-Insenser Joan , Grande-Posa Luis , Pera-Román Miguel , Pereira-Rodriguez Jose Antonio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPrevention of incisional hernias with a prophylactic mesh in emergency surgery is controversial. The present study aimed to analyze the long-term results of prophylactic mesh used for preventing incisional hernia after emergency midline laparotomies. MethodsThis study was a registered (NCT04578561) retrospective analysis of patients who underwent an emergency midline laparotomy between January 2009 and July 2010 with a follow-up period of longer than 2 years. Long-term outcomes and risk factors for the development of incisional hernias between patients who received a prophylactic reinforcement mesh (Group M) and suture (Group S) were compared. ResultsFrom an initial 266 emergency midline laparotomies, 187 patients were included. The median follow-up time was 64.4 months (SD 35). Both groups had similar characteristics, except for a higher rate of previous operations (62% vs. 43.2%; P=0.01) and operation due to a revision laparotomy (32.5% vs. 13%; P=0.02) in the M group. During follow-up, 29.9% of patients developed an incisional hernia (Group S 36.6% vs. Group M 14.3%; P=0.002). Chronic mesh infections were diagnosed in 2 patients, but no mesh explants were needed, and no patient in the M group developed chronic pain. Long-term risk factors for incisional hernia were as follows: smoking (HR=2.47; 95% CI 1.318–4.624; P=0.05), contaminated surgery (HR=2.98; 95% CI 1.142–7.8; P=0.02), surgical site infection (SSI; HR=3.83; 95% CI 1.86–7.86; P=0.001), and no use of prophylactic mesh (HR=5.09; 95% CI 2.1–12.2; P=0.001). Conclusion﻿Incidence of incisional hernias after emergency midline laparotomies is high and increases with time. High-risk patients, contaminated surgery, and SSI benefit from mesh reinforcement. Prophylactic mesh use is safe and feasible in emergencies with a low long-term complication rate.
Constant Load Exercise at Gas Exchange Threshold is Accompanied by a Distinct Elevation in Blood Lactate Level
Authors: kominami kazuyuki , Nishijima Hirotaka , Imahashi Keiko , Katsuragawa Toko , Murakami Mitsuyo , Akino Masatoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The gas exchange threshold (GET) is determined during incremental exercise (Inc-Ex) testing. It is generally considered to be a safe training intensity, with little or no elevation in blood lactate (BLa). However, actual exercise training at GET is carried out primarily as a constant load exercise (CL-Ex). The dynamics of BLa during CL-Ex at GET have not been studied. This study was conducted particularly among the elderly population. Methods: We recruited 20 healthy elderly individuals (H: age 69.4±6.8 years) and 10 patients with cardiovascular diseases or under medication for cardiovascular risk factors (P: age 73.0±8.8 years). On day 1, we determined GET during symptomatic maximal Inc-Ex. On day 2, CL-Ex at GET intensity was performed for 20 min. Arterialized blood lactate levels were determined. Results: The mean BLa at GET during Inc-Ex was 1.51±0.29 mmol/L in H and 1.78±0.42 mmol/L in P (p < 0.05). During CL-Ex, BLa increased significantly more than that at GET, reaching a steady state level of 2.65±1.56 (H) and 2.53±0.95 (P) mmol/L (ns), with a mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 0.94±0.05 (H) and 0.93±0.05 (P) (ns). Oxygen uptake (VO2) also reached a steady state in all participants. All participants were able to complete CL-Ex with mean perceived exertion ratings (Borg/20) of 11.8±1.3 (H) and 12.2±1.3 (P) (ns). Conclusions: CL-Ex at GET occurred at distinctly increased BLa levels; however, BLa reached a steady state, together with VO2 and RER, indicating that exercise intensity was metabolically moderate.
Incidence of Injury and Pain in Referees in German National Handball Leagues: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Heyn Jens , Fleckenstein Johannes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Handball referees play an important role during a handball match. Surprisingly, not much is known about their sports-related injuries and resulting pain, therefore the purpose of our study was to focus on injuries and sports-related pain in referees in German handball leagues.Methods: During the 2018/19 national German handball season, referees of the German Federation of Handball were contacted and asked to complete an injury and pain questionnaire on the penultimate matchday of the first and the second round of the season.Results: 70 referees participated in the study. One in three referees reported an injury during the last year and perceived some form of pain. Of those suffering from pain, 16.7% referees reported chronic pain disorders. During the season, 31.4% of referees incurred an injury and the majority of the 70 referees officiated despite pain (n=43). Prospective data suggested an incidence of 11.6 (95% CI: 10.3 to 13.0) injuries per 1000 match hours, and 19.0 (95% CI: 16.8 to 21.3) sports-related pain events per 1000 match hours. The most common injuries were foot and knee injuries and a substantial number of the referees (n= 25) reported taking analgesics for the pain.Conclusion: German handball referees are at risk of sports-related injuries with subsequent pain. Considering the injury profile, the incidence of sports-related pain events, and the high physiological and psychological demands of refereeing, it appears that prevention programs should be developed and integrated into the routine of the referee.
MolFinder: An Evolutionary Algorithm for the Global Optimization of Molecular Properties and the Extensive Exploration of Chemical Space Using SMILES
Authors: Kwon Yongbeom , Lee Juyong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Here, we introduce a new molecule optimization method, MolFinder, based on an efficient global optimization algorithm, the conformational space annealing algorithm, and the SMILES representation. MolFinder finds diverse molecules with desired properties efficiently without any training and a large molecular database. Compared with recently proposed reinforcement-learning-based molecule optimization algorithms, MolFinder consistently outperforms in terms of both the optimization of a given target property and the generation of a set of diverse and novel molecules. The efficiency of MolFinder demonstrates that combinatorial optimization using the SMILES representation is a promising approach for molecule optimization, which has not been well investigated despite its simplicity. We believe that our results shed light on new possibilities for advances in molecule optimization methods.
Production of Virus-free Vitis Vinifera ‘koshu’ Plantlets From Shoot Tips or Axillary Buds&nbsp;
Authors: Dosho Akira , Ando Sayuri , Tsutsumiuchi Kaname , Kojima Shoko , Miwa Johji , Machida Chiyoko , Matsumoto Shogo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Vitis vinifera ‘Koshu’ is the most important grape cultivar for producing white wine in Japan. Most Koshu vines are heavily infected with viruses of multiple types, such as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses, which severely interfere with normal development and physiology such as photosynthesis of grapes. The meristem culture method has been the most commonly and successfully employed to eliminate viruses from grapevines. Koshu is, however, known for its difficulty of regenerating plantlets from meristems. Results: We have established a robust method of regenerating plantlets with high frequency from shoot apical meristem tissues of ‘Koshu’ grapevines. The key points of this method are the use of (1) no or low concentrations of 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) (0.22 µM) for shoot regeneration, and (2) a synthetic auxin, such as 10-5 M 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA), for rooting. This method should be very useful and important for producing ‘Koshu’ virus-free vines.
Early root development of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. seedlings from seed and stem cutting at nursery stage
Authors: Hassan Affendy , Balachandran Parveena , Khamis Khairiyyah Razanah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEucalyptus is among the important fast-growing species, and is typically managed on short rotation to sustain the production of timber, pulpwood, charcoal, and fire-wood. Macro-propagation using cutting for larger multiplying seedlings is cheaper and efficient instead of clonal seeds for uniform plant material seedling production. However, information on root growth of Eucalyptus pellita at early development from seed and stem cutting of E. pellita seedlings is still lacking. This is probably due to the difficulty in investigation belowground, and also due to methodological problems. With such information, it is useful for forest plantation company management in enhancing the understanding on strategies to optimize yield production with the appropriate agronomic or silvicultural approach in the field planting. Therefore, the objectives of this study were; to compare the root development of two different propagation seedlings of E. pellita; and to study the effect of various nitrogen concentration levels on two types of propagation of E. pellita seedlings. ResultsThe study was conducted using E. pellita seedlings from two types of propagation, namely, seed and stem cuttings, along with three different nitrogen concentrations (0, 50, and 200 kg N ha-1). Shoot biomass, root intensity (RI), total root intensity (TRI), root biomass, root length density (RLD), and specific root length (SRL) were recorded. Dried shoot biomass, RLD and SRL of E. pellita seedlings using stem cutting were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to seed. Whereas, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) for root biomass, TRI and RI between the propagation types of E. pellita seedlings. Conclusions:E. pellita seedlings from stem cutting was greater in terms of root distribution compared to propagation by seeds at the nursery stage, and 50 kg N ha-1 was the optimal nitrogen concentration level from the considered levels to be applied to the E. pellita seedlings. The present study therefore provides more information and understanding on E. pellita for forest plantation companies in producing plant materials using stem cutting in a cost-effective and efficient manner. This would help the forest plantation companies in planning appropriate agronomic management in the future.
GABA&nbsp;and Its Shunt’s Contributions to Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Metabolism in the Tea Plat (Camellia Sinensis)
Authors: Liao Jieren , Cao Yu , Ren Taiyu , Shen Qiang , Wang Yuhua , Ma Yuanchun , Fang Wanping , zhu xujun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a signal molecule, is regarded as the intersection of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, but its contributions to flavonoid metabolism in tea plants during the whole growth cycle remain unclear, and the correlation between the GABA shunt and flavonoid metabolism in tea plants is worth exploring. Secondary metabolites and their correlations with the taste qualities of tea plants (Camellia sinensis) during different seasons have been investigated.Results: Related secondary metabolites and transcript profiles of genes encoding enzymes in the GABA shunt, flavonoid pathway and polyamine biosynthesis were measured throughout the whole tea plant growth season and after exogenous GABA applications. In addition, levels of differentially expressed proteins were measured after treatment with or without exogenous GABA. The tea leaves showed the highest metabolite concentrations in spring. CsGAD, CsGABAT, CsSPMS, CsODC, CsF3H and CsCHS were found to be important genes in the GABA and anthocyanin network. Conclusion: GABA and anthocyanin concentrations showed a positive correlation, to some extent, and CsF3H and CsCHS played important roles in the GABA and anthocyanin network. Further studies should focus on exploring GABA and flavonoid metabolism through the transgenic engineering of tea plants.
Special Behavior of Homo(eo)logous Chromosomes at Meiosis and the Mechanism of Partial Female Fertility of Allotriploid Lilium ‘triumphator’ (LLO)&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Cui Luomin , Sun Yanni , Xiao Kongzhong , Wan Lin , Zhong Ju , Liu Yanmei , Zhou Shujun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The abnormal meiosis of triploid is paid little attention; however, triploid not only is an important trend of ornamental breeding but also is regarded as a bridge of plant polyploidy speciation. In the present research, an allotriploid lily ‘Triumphator’ (LLO, 2n = 3x = 36 ) was investigated. Results: The results showed that the homoeologous chromosomes of two L-genomes formed bivalents and then disjoined and their half-bivalents moved to opposite poles at anaphase I; The chromosomes of O-genome formed univalents, among which, some attached to spindle fibers on two sides, their sister chromtids moved to the opposite poles slower than half-bivalents; some attached to spindle fibers on one side, they move to one pole at similar speed to half-bivalents; some of which deattached to spindle fibers at kinechores on either side, they became micronuclei at anaphase I. Conclusions: Interploid hybridizaitons showed that the LLO lily, regarless of male sterile, could be female parents to crossed with appropriate males to produce aneuploids, supporting the hypothesis -- five same genomes is essential for its endosperm development in interploid hybridizations of Lilium. The discussion well not only explained why triploid lilies with Fritillaria embryo sacs, regardless of male sterile, are usually partial female fertile while other plants with polygonum embryo sacs are seedless; but also explained that why 3x × 2x/4x lilies and tulips produce predominantly aneuploids while 3x × 2x/4x and 2x/4x × 3x of other plants, including 2x/4x × 3x of lilies and tulips, produce euploids and near so.
Evaluating the Time Dependent Anti-plasmodium Activity of Andrographolide and Chloroquine on Different Stages of the Intraerythrocytic Cycle of Plasmodium Falciparum 3D7&nbsp;in Vitro
Authors: alapid‬‏ ‪ashraf Ahmad Issa , Ibraheem Zaid O. , Bello Ramatu Omenesa , Ismail Intan Safinar , Unyah Ngah Zasmy , Alhassan Abdullahi Sharif , Nordin Norshariza , Wana Mohammed Nasiru , Rusliza Basir , Majid Roslaini Abd. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The increasing incidence of drug resistance among various strains of Plasmodium falciparum has compelled researchers to search for new improved therapeutic alternatives to current antimalarials. Consequently, the study aimed to investigate the effect of varying the duration of andrographolide exposure on its anti-plasmodial effect against intra erythrocytic stages of the P. falciparum 3D7 parasite. Although andrographolide has demonstrated prior anti-plasmodial effect against P. falciparum 3D7, its time-dependent effect subsequent to different durations of drug exposure in addition to the impact of relevant pharmacologically active concentrations on the cellular morphology of various intraerythrocytic stages of the P. falciparum 3D7 parasite cycle are limited.Methods: P. falciparum 3D7 parasites cultivated in vitro in blood cultures were individually incubated with different concentrations of andrographolide, chloroquine and drug-free parasite culture which served as the representative control. Suppression of parasite growth was determined by parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) based drug sensitivity assay. The inhibition of parasite growth and changes in morphology of intraerythrocytic parasites subsequent to treatment initiation with andrographolide or chloroquine were assessed upon commencement of a synchronized cycle at 12, 24 and 48 h respectively. Results: Andrographolide showed satisfactory growth inhibitory effect however its inhibitory activity was substantially lower when compared to that of chloroquine. Unlike chloroquine which showed maximal inhibitory activity within the first 12 h of the cycle, suppression of parasite growth by andrographolide was most prominent during the development of early trophozoites (viz the second 12 hours). Andrographolide failed to produce any effect on the morphology of ring stage parasites, it however produced a noticeable change in the morphological appearance and sizes of mature trophozoites. Whereas, with chloroquine notable changes to ring and trophozoite stages of the parasites were evident. Conclusion: The data obtained indicates the potential role of andrographolide as an adjunctive treatment in malaria subject to further clinical evaluations.