bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEGIDA: Rechtspopulistischer Protest als Schlüsselthema zur Erschließung jugendlicher Mentalitäten?
Authors: Trittel Katharina , Schenke Julian 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEignet sich das zwischen 2014 und 2017 besonders virulente Protestphänomen „PEGIDA“, um die Strukturen (post-)adoleszenter politischer Mentalitäten in einem sich verändernden politischen Klima zu erschließen? Dass es dafür aussagekräftige Anhaltspunkte gibt, soll hier in der Rückschau auf ein Forschungsprojekt diskutiert und in Bezug zu den seitherigen gesellschaftspolitischen Entwicklungen gesetzt werden.
Case report: a fatal combination of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with extensive pulmonary microvascular damage in COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: von der Thüsen Jan H. , van Bommel Jasper , Kros Johan M. , Verdijk Robert M. , Lopuhaä Boaz , Lam King H. , Dik Willem A. , Miedema Jelle R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe clinical features of COVID-19 have a considerable range from a mild illness to severe disease. Underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the rapidly progressive, and often fatal, pulmonary disease frequently observed in COVID-19 need to be elucidated, in order to develop new treatment strategies for different disease endotypes. Fatal cases can display features of a cytokine storm, which may be related to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Also, a spectrum of vascular changes, including microvascular damage, is known to accompany severe COVID-19. In this paper, we describe the co-occurrence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and extensive pulmonary microvascular damage with thrombosis and its sequelae in a patient with fatal COVID-19. We believe these response patterns may be linked by common mechanisms involving hypercytokinemia and require further investigation as a fatal constellation in COVID-19, to generate appropriate treatment in patients who display these combined features.
How to Use Virtue Ethics for Thinking About the Moral Standing of Social Robots: A Relational Interpretation in Terms of Practices, Habits, and Performance
Authors: Coeckelbergh Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocial robots are designed to facilitate interaction with humans through “social” behavior. As literature in the field of human–robot interaction shows, this sometimes leads to “bad” behavior towards the robot or “abuse” of the robot. Virtue ethics offers a helpful way to capture the intuition that although nobody is harmed when a robot is “mistreated”, there is still something wrong with this kind of behavior: it damages the moral character of the person engaging in that behavior, especially when it is habitual. However, one of the limitations of current applications of virtue ethics to robots and technology is its focus on the individual and individual behavior and insufficient attention to temporal and bodily aspects of virtue. After positioning its project in relation to the work of Shannon Vallor and Robert Sparrow, the present paper explores what it would mean to interpret and apply virtue ethics in a more social and relational way and a way that takes into account the link between virtue and the body. In particular, it proposes (1) to use the notion ofpracticeas a way to conceptualize how the individual behavior, the virtue of the person, and the technology in question are related to their wider social-practical context and history, and (2) to use the notions ofhabitandperformanceconceptualize the incorporation and performance of virtue. This involves use of the work of MacIntyre, but revised by drawing on Bourdieu’s notion of habit in order to highlight the temporal, embodiment, and performative aspect of virtue. The paper then shows what this means for thinking about the moral standing of social robots, for example for the ethics of sex robots and for evaluating abusive behaviors such as kicking robots. The paper concludes that this approach does not only give us a better account of what happens when people behave “badly” towards social robots, but also suggests a more comprehensive virtue ethics of technology that is fully relational, performance-oriented, and able to not only acknowledges but also theorize the temporal and bodily dimension of virtue.
Identifying damage on a bridge using rotation-based Bridge Weigh-In-Motion
Authors: OBrien E. J. , Brownjohn J. M. W. , Hester D. , Huseynov F. , Casero M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems use the bridge response under a traversing vehicle to estimate its axle weights. The information obtained from B-WIM systems has been used for a wide range of applications such as pre-selection for weight enforcement, traffic management/planning and for bridge and pavement design. However, it is less often used for bridge condition assessment purposes which is the main focus of this study. This paper presents a bridge damage detection concept using information provided by B-WIM systems. However, conventional B-WIM systems use strain measurements which are not sensitive to local damage. In this paper the authors present a B-WIM formulation that uses rotation measurements obtained at the bridge supports. There is a linear relationship between support rotation and axle weight and, unlike strain, rotation is sensitive to damage anywhere in the bridge. Initially, the sensitivity of rotation to damage is investigated using a hypothetical simply supported bridge model. Having seen that rotation is damage-sensitive, the influence of bridge damage on weight predictions is analysed. It is shown that if damage occurs, a rotation-based B-WIM system will continuously overestimate the weight of traversing vehicles. Finally, the statistical repeatability of ambient traffic is studied using real traffic data obtained from a Weigh-in-Motion site in the U.S. under the Federal Highway Administration’s Long-Term Pavement Performance programme and a damage indicator is proposed as the change in the mean weights of ambient traffic data. To test the robustness of the proposed damage detection methodology numerical analysis are carried out on a simply supported bridge model and results are presented within the scope of this study.
Guida pratica alla prevenzione e gestione dell’infezione da COVID-19 nelle persone con diabete
Authors: Apicella Matteo , Campopiano Maria Cristina , Mantuano Michele , Mazoni Laura , Del Prato Stefano 
Published: October 2020

Sommario
La pandemia di COVID-19 rappresenta un’enorme sfida per il sistema sanitario nazionale. Sulla base dei dati ad oggi disponibili è emerso che le persone con diabete mellito presentano un maggior rischio di complicanze e morte per COVID-19. Pertanto, adottare misure preventive di igiene e di distanziamento sociale è cruciale, a maggior ragione in questa categoria di soggetti. A sostegno dei pazienti con diabete sono state intraprese molteplici iniziative al fine di garantire la continuità assistenziale, tra cui la proroga della validità dei piani terapeutici per i farmaci ipoglicemizzanti, le procedure per il rinnovo della patente di guida e l’attivazione di servizi di telemedicina. In caso di infezione da COVID-19 e sintomi lievi è possibile una gestione domiciliare della persona con diabete, raccomandando un attento monitoraggio glicemico. Il paziente diabetico che necessita di ospedalizzazione richiede una gestione multidisciplinare che includa il diabetologo, con l’obiettivo di mantenere un adeguato controllo glicemico in assenza di ipoglicemie. Le persone con diabete rappresentano un gruppo vulnerabile per il quale devono essere poste in atto strategie specifiche sia in termini di prevenzione che di trattamento.
Soziale Isolation im Homeoffice im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Lengen Julia Christine , Kordsmeyer Ann-Christin , Rohwer Elisabeth , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der von Kontaktbeschränkungen geprägten Hochphase der COVID-19-Pandemie ermöglichen viele Unternehmen ihren Beschäftigten aus Gründen des Infektionsschutzes das Arbeiten aus dem Homeoffice.

Fragestellung
In dieser Literaturübersicht wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Arbeit im Homeoffice und somit die digitale Zusammenarbeit in Teams möglichst gesundheitsfördernd und sozialer Isolation vorbeugend gestaltet werden kann.

Ergebnisse
Die bestehende arbeitspsychologische Forschung benennt als Grundvoraussetzung für Zusammenarbeit von ortsunabhängigen Teams angemessene, bestenfalls angereicherte, Informations- und Kommunikationsmedien, begleitet von ausreichend und verständlicher technischer Unterstützung. Auch eine stetige, sozial unterstützende Kommunikation innerhalb der Teams und mit der Führungskraft sowie gesundheitsfördernde Führung haben einen positiven Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit der Beschäftigten. Ergänzend werden individuelle (digitale) Gesundheitsförderungsmaßnahmen und flexible Arbeitszeiten empfohlen.

Fazit
Diese aus der Literatur abgeleiteten multifaktoriellen Maßnahmenansätze werden Betrieben mit Beschäftigten im Homeoffice vorgeschlagen, um die arbeitsbezogenen, gesundheitsgefährdenden Auswirkungen der Krise – vor allem hinsichtlich sozialer Isolation – abzumildern und die Gesundheit ihrer Beschäftigten zu fördern.
The missing piece in E. Cassirer’s theory of symbolic forms: the economy
Authors: Blind Georg D. , Steineck Raji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractErnst Cassirer’sPhilosophy of Symbolic Forms(PSF) primarily reflects on culture as a system of normative domains that are path-dependently configured.PSFelaborates on the domains of myth/religion, language, and science, but misses a discussion of the economy. By sketching a corresponding exposition, we contribute to the ongoing discussion of how economic science may investigate the world beyond utility functions. Our argument proceeds along historical and comparative lines with a ‘reciprocal comparison’ of the medieval economies of Europe and Japan. We thus approach the normative essence of economic thought and behaviour and test its variability in socio-cultural contexts diverging from ‘now’ and ‘here’. Our sketch of the economy as a symbolic form has important implications for the theoretical understanding of change in social systems. We argue that existing factors of change recognised in the economics discipline, such as fluctuations in supply and demand, and institutional innovation, critically require a superposition with patterns of cognition as they guide agents in their grasp of economic problems and, consequently, in their responses that shape material economies. We suggest that conceiving of the economy as a symbolic form makes these patterns of cognition accessible.
Global connections and the structure of skills in local co-worker networks
Authors: Lőrincz László , Chihaya Guilherme Kenji , Hannák Anikó , Takács Dávid , Lengyel Balázs , Eriksson Rikard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocial connections that reach distant places are advantageous for individuals, firms and cities, providing access to new skills and knowledge. However, systematic evidence on how firms build global knowledge access is still lacking. In this paper, we analyse how global work connections relate to differences in the skill composition of employees within companies and local industry clusters. We gather survey data from 10% of workers in a local industry in Sweden, and complement this with digital trace data to map co-worker networks and skill composition. This unique combination of data and features allows us to quantify global connections of employees and measure the degree of skill similarity and skill relatedness to co-workers. We find that workers with extensive local networks typically have skills related to those of others in the region and to those of their co-workers. Workers with more global ties typically bring in less related skills to the region. These results provide new insights into the composition of skills within knowledge-intensive firms by connecting the geography of network contacts to the diversity of skills accessible through them.
Changes in the social behavior of urban animals: more aggression or tolerance?
Authors: Łopucki Rafał , Klich Daniel , Kiersztyn Adam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBehavioral traits play a major role in successful adaptation of wildlife to urban conditions. However, there are few studies showing how urban conditions affect the social behavior of urban animals during their direct encounters. It is generally believed that the higher density of urban populations translates into increased aggression between individuals. In this paper, using a camera-trap method, we compared the character of direct encounters in urban and non-urban populations of the striped field mouseApodemus agrarius(Pallas, 1771), a species known as an urban adapter. We confirmed the thesis that urbanization affects the social behavior and urban and rural populations differ from each other. Urban animals are less likely to avoid close contact with each other and are more likely to show tolerant behavior. They also have a lower tendency towards monopolization of food resources. The behavior of urban animals varies depending on the time of day: in the daytime, animals are more vigilant and less tolerant than at night. Our results indicate that, in the case of the species studied, behavioral adaptation to urban life is based on increasing tolerance rather than aggression in social relations. However, the studied urban adapter retains the high plasticity of social behavior revealed even in the circadian cycle. The observation that tolerance rather than aggression may predominate in urban populations is a new finding, while most studies suggest an increase in aggression in urban animals. This opens an avenue for formulating new hypotheses regarding the social behavior of urban adapters.
Roussoelins A and B: two phenols with antioxidant capacity from ascidian-derived fungus Roussoella siamensis SYSU-MS4723
Authors: Chen Senhua , Shen Hongjie , Deng Yanlian , Guo Heng , Jiang Minghua , Wu Zhenger , Yin Huimin , Liu Lan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAscidian-derived microorganisms are a significant source of pharmacologically active metabolites with interesting structural properties. When discovering bioactive molecules from ascidian-derived fungi, two new phenols, roussoelins A (1) and B (2), and ten known polyketides (3–12) were isolated from the ascidian-derived fungus Roussoella siamensis SYSU-MS4723. The planar structure of compounds 1 and 2 was established by analysis of HR-ESIMS and NMR data. The conformational analysis of the new compounds was assigned according to coupling constants and selective gradient NOESY experiments, and absolute configurations were completed by the modified Mosher’s method. Among the isolated compounds, 1, 2, and 9 showed moderate antioxidant capacity.
Graphical abstract
The impact of endoscopic sinus surgery and aspirin desensitization on psychological burden in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Locke Tran , Sweis Auddie , Lin Theodore , Sweis Brian , Gleeson Patrick , Kohanski Michael , Adappa Nithin , Palmer James , Bosso John 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is an aggressive inflammatory disorder of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), aspirin (ASA) desensitization, and biological immunomodulators are currently used to treat the disorder.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the psychosocial impact of ESS and ASA desensitization on AERD patients.MethodsAll AERD patients who underwent complete ESS were divided into two cohorts based on ASA desensitization status. The psychosocial metrics of the SNOT‐22 were collected and analyzed at the following time points: pre‐operative, 1‐month, 3‐month, 6‐month, and 12‐month after ESS.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐four AERD patients underwent ESS from November 2009 to November 2018. From this group, 130 patients underwent ASA desensitization (AD cohort) and 54 patients remained non‐desensitized (ND cohort). AD patients showed a significantly greater reduction in total SNOT‐22 scores over the study period compared to ND patients (p = 0.0446). Analysis of SNOT‐22 psychosocial metrics showed a significantly greater improvement in patient productivity in the AD cohort when compared to the ND cohort (p = 0.0214). Further, a sub‐group analysis accounting for subject attrition showed a significantly greater improvement in both productivity and concentration in AD patients when compared to the ND cohort (productivity: p = 0.0068; concentration: p = 0.0428).ConclusionsESS followed by ASA desensitization decreases the overall psychosocial burden in AERD patients with a significant improvement in perceived productivity and concentration. This has significant implications given the psychosocial impact of chronic diseases.
An audit of assessment rooms for mental health assessments in Ireland’s emergency departments
Authors: Jeffers A. , Jennings R. , O’Mahony J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo audit compliance of mental health assessment rooms in Irish adult emergency departments (EDs) which are open 24 hours on 7 days a week with standards identified by the Psychiatric Liaison Accreditation Network (PLAN).MethodsA self-audit tool was sent via email to Clinical Nurse Specialists and Consultant Psychiatrists in Ireland’s 26 Adult EDs that are open 24 hours on seven days a week. Results were collated and are presented ensuring anonymity.ResultsA response rate of 100% was achieved. Full or substantial compliance with PLAN standards was recorded in 73% of services. In seven services, the rooms used for mental health assessments were unsuitable when measured against the PLAN standards. A number of services identified the presence of ligature points within the rooms.ConclusionThe Health Service Executive (HSE) National Clinical Programme for the Assessment and Management of patients presenting to the ED following self-harm is committed to achieving 100% compliance with PLAN standards in all services. Recommendations include introducing formal ligature risk assessments and risk assessments of the use of the assessment rooms. The Chief Executive Officers of all hospital groups were informed of the results of the audits and advised on recommendations for each hospital ED.
A SIMPLIFIED ORDINAL ANALYSIS OF FIRST-ORDER REFLECTION
Authors: ARAI TOSHIYASU 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this note we give a simplified ordinal analysis of first-order reflection. An ordinal notation system$OT$is introduced based on$\psi $-functions. Provable$\Sigma _{1}$-sentences on$L_{\omega _{1}^{CK}}$are bounded through cut-elimination on operator controlled derivations.
ON THE SHARPNESS OF TIAN’S CRITERION FOR K-STABILITY
Authors: LIU YUCHEN , ZHUANG ZIQUAN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTian’s criterion for K-stability states that a Fano variety of dimension n whose alpha invariant is greater than
${n}{/(n+1)}$
is K-stable. We show that this criterion is sharp by constructing n-dimensional singular Fano varieties with alpha invariants
${n}{/(n+1)}$
that are not K-polystable for sufficiently large n. We also construct K-unstable Fano varieties with alpha invariants
${(n-1)}{/n}$
.
Factors influencing women’s decisions regarding birth planning in a rural setting in Kenya and their implications for family planning programmes
Authors: Obare Francis , Odwe George , Cleland John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests that socio-cultural barriers that limit the ability of women in sub-Saharan Africa to make decisions regarding contraceptive use and childbearing contribute to the slow uptake of contraception in this region. This paper explores factors influencing women’s decisions regarding contraceptive uptake, switching and discontinuation, and the implications of those decisions for family planning programmes. Data were from in-depth interviews that were conducted in 2018 with 42 women who participated in a longitudinal research project implemented in Homa Bay County of Kenya. Participants comprised women who were aged 15–39 years at the time of recruitment into the study and who discontinued using injectables or implants between the first and second rounds of data collection. Data were analysed using an exploratory inductive content analytic approach. The findings show that uptake of contraception was largely driven by concerns about the negative consequences of frequent childbirth on individual health and household socioeconomic well-being. Most women discontinued methods because of dissatisfaction but, instead of abandoning contraception altogether, switched to alternative methods, albeit sometimes less-effective ones. However, some women had difficulties in identifying an appropriate new method after experiencing side-effects, contraceptive failure or stock-out of their current method. Securing the cooperation of sexual partners was an additional problem especially for women whose partners did not support contraception. The findings suggest that concerns about the negative consequences of frequent childbirth outweigh challenges associated with contraceptive use. This presents an opportunity for family planning programmes to improve contraceptive uptake and continuation by addressing the health system challenges related to commodity stock-out and poor quality of care, as well as the concerns of men.
Effect of a training course on the diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia by narrow-band imaging
Authors: Zhang B-G , Zhu J-Q , Zhang W , Su F-X , Wang G-Q , Ni X-G 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the value of narrow-band imaging training for differentiating between benign and malignant vocal fold leukoplakia.MethodThirty cases of vocal fold leukoplakia were selected.ResultsNarrow-band imaging endoscopy training had a significant positive effect on the specificity of the differential diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia. In addition, the consistency of diagnostic typing of vocal fold leukoplakia by narrow-band imaging improved to ‘moderate agreement’ following the combination of types I and II and the combination of types IV, V and VI in the typing of vocal fold leukoplakia.ConclusionThe narrow-band imaging training course may improve the ability of laryngologists to diagnose vocal fold leukoplakia. The new endoscopic diagnostic classification by narrow-band imaging needs to be further simplified to facilitate clinical application.
Estimating hunting prevalence and reliance on wild meat in Cambodia's Eastern Plains
Authors: Ibbett Harriet , Keane Aidan , Dobson Andrew D.M. , Griffin Olly , Travers Henry , Milner-Gulland E.J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHunting is a primary driver of biodiversity loss across South-east Asia. Within Cambodia, the use of wire snares to capture wildlife is a severe threat in protected areas but there have been few studies of the behaviour of hunters from local communities. Here, we combine the unmatched count technique with direct questioning to estimate the prevalence of hunting behaviours and wildlife consumption amongst 705 households living within Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, Cambodia. We assessed respondents’ knowledge of rules, and their perceptions of patrols responsible for enforcing rules. Estimates of hunting behaviour were variable: results from the unmatched count technique were inconclusive, and direct questioning revealed 9% of households hunted, and 20% set snares around farms to prevent wildlife eating crops. Hunting with domestic dogs was the method most commonly used to catch wildlife (87% of households owned dogs). Wild meat was consumed by 84% of households, and was most frequently bought or caught, but also gifted. We detected a high awareness of conservation rules, but low awareness of punishments and penalties, with wildlife depletion, rather than the risk of being caught by patrols, causing the greatest reduction in hunting. Our findings demonstrate the challenges associated with reliably estimating rule-breaking behaviour and highlight the need to incorporate careful triangulation into study design.