bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus spp. on experimentally Vibrio spp. infected Penaeus monodon
Authors: Kabiraj Manash , Das Prosenzit Kumar , Sultana Shamima , Banu Ghausiatur Reza 
Published: July 2020

The research was aimed to determine the present status of probiotics (Lactobacillus spp.) and pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio spp.) of culture pond as well as to determine whether the isolated probiotic Lactobacillus spp. can act as a controlling agent on experimentally pathogenic Vibrio spp. infected Penaeus monodon. In In-vitro test of gills and intestinal tracts, the potential antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus spp. toward Vibrio spp. was gradually observed at 4th hour of probiotic treatment. At 12th hour the viable count of Vibrio spp. was drastically reduced in gill from 2.33×105 to 1.03×103 (CFUg-1) and in intestinal tract 2.35×105 to 6.43×102 (CFUg-1). While, in In-vivo test, in case of muscle, gills and intestinal tract antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus spp. toward Vibrio spp. was noticed after 9 hours, 21 hours and 27 hours respectably of probiotic injected shrimps. However, only the result of in-vitro challenge test revealed that, Lactobacillus spp. significantly reduced the Vibrio spp. viable count of the gills of the selected samples (P=0.037). The investigation showed antagonistic effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus spp.) on experimentally Vibrio spp. infected shrimp.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 311-315
Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Dialium ovoideum thwaites, an endemic plant in Sri Lanka
Authors: Bulugahapitiya Vajira P , TN Rathnaweera , WMDGB Wijayaratne , HC Manawadu 
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed exploring the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the leaves D. thwaites is an endemic plant to Sri Lanka. The plant is known for its nutritional and medicinal applications where especially the leaf decoctions are being used to wash skin wounds in indigenous medicine. The brine shrimp lethality assays was performed to evaluate normal toxicity and it gave LC50 value greater than 1000 μg/ mL showing that the plant extracts are non-toxic to the normal cells. The agar-well diffusion assay was performed to assess the antimicrobial activity, and strains of bacteria; E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fungus; Candida albicans were used as test organisms. The results indicated that all the extracts are active against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram Positive) with maximum inhibition shown for methanolic and aqueous extracts. When it was tested against MRSA both aqueous and methanolic extracts gave similar inhibitions. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined as 6.25 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL respectively with S. aureus whereas no inhibition observed by any of the extract against Gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. Thus, this study revealed the leaves of D. thwaites possesses strong anti-bacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. The results confirmed the efficacy of using D. thwaites as the natural antimicrobial agent and suggested to develop the leaves into value added products to be used in topical applications as antiseptic solutions or ointments.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 316-320
A cross sectional study on clinical trends of reproductive performances and reproductive disorders of dairy cows in Rajshahi district of Bangladesh
Authors: Khaton Rashida , Hasnat Md Abul , Gofur Md Royhan , Hossain Md Zakir , Md Alauddin - , Sarder Md Jalal Uddin 
Published: July 2020

Performance evaluation of existing dairying is important to design relevant dairy development strategies and implement context specific interventions for future development of the dairy enterprise. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical trends (reproductive performance and disorders) of dairy cows of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh. A total of 500 cows randomly selected and data were collected directly from the dairy farms owners from 6 upazilas and 4 metro thanas of Rajshahi district by using questionnaires and diagnosis of reproductive disorders (RD) was made on the basis of history, clinical signs and response to treatment. The average reproductive performance (RP) were recorded as age at puberty 26.42±0.22 m, age at first calving 35.48±0.22 m, post-partum heat period 121.85±3.48 days, service per conception 1.93±0.04, days open 136.80±3.57 days and calving interval 401.04±3.94 days. The better RP was found at metro thanas compared to upazilas, though no significant difference was found except on service per conception (p<0.05). The overall prevalence of RD was 78.6% in Rajshahi district. Among the reproductive and productive disorders, anoestrus 24.6% was the highest prevalent disorders followed by abortion 13.4%, repeat breeding 11.4%, retained placenta 10.2%, dystocia 5.4%, mastitis 4.4%, vaginal prolapse 2.4%, pyometra 1.8%, metritis 1.6%, uterine prolapse 1.4%, milk fever 1.2% and still birth 0.8%. The highest occurrence of RD was recorded in Tanore upazila (92%) and the lowest in Poba upazila (62%). In comparison between the upazila and metro thanas the minimum occurrence of RD was recorded in metro thanas (31%) than upazilas (47.6%).
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 340-350
Morphology Characteristic, Growth And Survival Rate Of The Early Larval Stages Of Mud Crab, Scylla serrata (Forsskal, 1775) For The Rearing Process
Authors: Pattirane Chrisoetanto P. , Pattiasina Bethzy J. 
Published: July 2020

The availability of female adult mature will continuously support mud crab hatchery to produce the best quality of larvae. Bray et al., (1990b) proposed that zoea length can be used as an index of larval quality. Larval quality is dependent on the physiology condition related to the growth and survival rate of several larval development stages (Racotta et al., 2003). The mortality in all development stages was due to the high sensitivity of larvae for the environment changes. Two aquariums and sterilized water were used in all rearing process and larvae of Scylla serrata fed once a day. It was fed by rotifer (Branchionus plicatilis) and Artemia sp on the third and fifth days. The results showed that the eye was a distinguishing characteristic between zoea I and zoea II. Development of zoea I range about 0 (zero) to fourth days and zoea II about fifth to seventh days. Observation of growth for six days indicate an increasing significantly on the fourth to sixth days. The survival rate of Scylla serrata larvae without food holds three days out. Otherwise, larvae that were fed on everyday hold seven days out. ABSTRAKKetersediaan induk yang matang telur secara berkesinambungan akan sangat mendukung usaha pembenihan kepiting bakau dalam menghasilkan larva dengan kualitas yang baik. Bray et al., (1990b) bahwa panjang zoea dapat digunakan sebagai suatu indeks kualitas larva. Selain itu, kualitas larva juga bergantung kepada kondisi fisiologis larva dan berkaitan dengan rata-rata pertumbuhan dan sintasan selama beberapa tahapan larva (Racotta et al., 2003). Seluruh proses pemeliharaan digunakan air steril dengan menggunakan wadah berupa akuarium sebanyak dua buah. Larva kepiting bakau, S. serrata selama pemeliharaan diberi pakan satu kali sehari. Pakan yang diberikan berupa rotifer (Branchionus plicatilis) dan artemia pada hari kelima dan ketiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ciri morfologi pembeda antara tahap zoea I dan zoea II adalah mata. Perkembangan zoea I berkisar antara hari 0 sampai dengan hari 4 selanjutnya zoea II antara hari kelima sampai hari ketujuh. Pertumbuhan yang diamati selama masa pemeliharaan hari pertama sampai hari keenam, menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada hari keempat sampai hari keenam. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva S. serrata yang tidak diberi pakan dapat bertahan mencapai tiga hari. Sebaliknya untuk larva yang diberi pakan selama masa pemeliharaan mampu bertahan hingga mencapai tujuh hari.Kata kunci: Larva zoea, Scylla serrata, pertumbuhan, tingkat kelangsungan hidup
KMT-2019-BLG-1339L: An M Dwarf with a Giant Planet or a Companion near the Planet/Brown Dwarf Boundary
Authors: Han Cheongho , Kim Doeon , Udalski Andrzej , Gould Andrew ,   (Leading authors), Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Jung Youn Kil , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Hyoun-Woo , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   (The KMTNet Collaboration), Mróz Przemek , Szymański Michał K. , Skowron Jan , Poleski Radosław , Soszyński Igor , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Kozłowski Szymon , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Rybicki Krzysztof A. , Iwanek Patryk , Wrona Marcin , Gromadzki Mariusz ,   (The OGLE Collaboration)
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We analyze KMT-2019-BLG-1339, a microlensing event with an obvious but incompletely resolved brief anomaly feature around the peak of the light curve. Although the origin of the anomaly is identified to be a companion to the lens with a low mass ratio q, the interpretation is subject to two different degeneracy types. The first type is the ambiguity in ρ, representing the angular source radius scaled to the angular radius of the Einstein ring, θ
E, and the other is the s ↔ s
−1 degeneracy. The former type, “finite-source degeneracy,” causes ambiguities in both s and q, while the latter induces an ambiguity only in s. Here, s denotes the separation (in units of θ
E) in projection between the lens components. We estimate that the lens components have masses

and

according to the two solutions subject to the finite-source degeneracy, indicating that the lens comprises an M dwarf and a companion with a mass around the planet/brown dwarf boundary or a Jovian-mass planet. It is possible to lift the finite-source degeneracy by conducting future observations utilizing a high-resolution instrument because the relative lens–source proper motion predicted by the solutions is widely different.
Spatially Quasi-periodic Finger-like Auroras during Substorms
Authors: Wang Wenrui , Yang Jian , Wang Yong-Fu , Shi Quanqi , Cui Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
North–south-aligned discrete auroras are common phenomena during substorms. A quasi-periodic form of such auroras distributed azimuthally in the nightside resembles a finger-like morphology. They were noticed in sawtooth-time substorms, but have not yet been paid much attention during other geomagnetic times. In this study, we investigate the longitudinal periodicity of those auroras for different types of substorms using IMAGE data from 2001 to 2003. Using an automated detection algorithm, we identified multiple north–south-aligned thin auroral structures in auroral images and found that their average center and length in latitude, and longitudinal wavelength (∼25°) are essentially the same. However, the occurrent rates for finger-like auroras are substantially different, 83%, 64%, and 18% for sawtooth-time substorms, storm-time substorms and isolated substorms, respectively. Therefore, statistical results indicate that finger-like auroras occur in favor of geomagnetically more active times. Combining our data analysis and previous simulations, we suggest that interchange instability is a possible mechanism of spatially quasi-periodic finger-like auroras when a substorm injection happens in a very wide local time. It is particularly important to point out that the sawtooth events not only have a temporal periodicity as defined in particle injections, but also have a spatial periodicity as observed in auroral morphology for the majority of them.
HST/COS Observations of Quasar Outflows in the 500–1050 Å Rest Frame. VII. Distances and Energetics for 11 Outflows in Five Quasars*
Authors: Miller Timothy R. , Arav Nahum , Xu Xinfeng , Kriss Gerard A. , Plesha Rachel J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
From Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra of five quasars, 16 outflows are detected. For 11 outflows, we are able to constrain their distances to the central source (R) and their energetics. In instances of multiple electron number density determinations (used in the calculation of R) for the same outflow, the values are consistent within errors. For the 11 outflows, eight have measurements for R (between 10 and 1000 pc), one has a lower limit, another has an upper limit, and the last has a range in R. There are two outflows that have enough kinetic luminosity to be major contributors to active galactic nucleus feedback. The outflowing mass is found primarily in a very high-ionization phase, which is probed using troughs from, e.g., Ne viii, Na ix, Mg x, and Si xii. Such ions connect the physical conditions of these ultraviolet outflows to the X-ray warm absorber outflows seen in nearby Seyfert galaxies. The ion Cl vii and several new transitions from Ne v have been detected for the first time.
Archéoscopie en bleu d’un camp de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Lemaire Frédéric , Gill Douglas , Ramet Joël 
Published: July 2020

Lorsque la guerre éclate en août 1914, Étaples est un petit port de pêche de 5 000 âmes. Trois ans plus tard, le lieu est devenu un gigantesque camp militaire britannique. Que reste-il de ce camp centenaire si peu étudié ? Cette étude porte sur la dimension archéologique d u site. Elle est fondée principalement sur l’examen et la numérisation du plan Falcon de juillet 1917, dont il subsiste un tirage diazo, un « bleu », conservé au musée Quentovic d’Étaples. Le diagnostic est complété par des données issues de fouilles préventives, de prospections de surface, ou d’explorations souterraines. Ces témoins matériels constituent la base d’un corpus archéologique propre à documenter les différents aspects et temporalités du camp. La tonalité bleue de cet examen archéologique est également une référence aux travailleurs chinois – la couleur de leur uniforme. De rares artefacts de ces « coolies » sont présentés. Ils témoignent du caractère cosmopolite du camp.
Sunflower biometrics and chemical salinity attributes of soil irrigated with waters of different qualities
Authors: Silva Paulo Vitor Santa Rosa , Nascimento Patricia Dos Santos 
Published: July 2020

Poor quality water, such as sewage, has become an alternative to reduce the consumption of good quality water by irrigation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions; however, water rich in salts can be harmful to agricultural systems. This research evaluated the impacts of salinity of waters of different qualities on the development of the sunflower culture and on the soil. The research was developed in the area of the Environmental Studies Team (EEA/UEFS), and the experimental design used was completely randomized, consisting of four treatments: rain water (0.20 dS m-1), well water (1.50 dS m-1), cesspool effluent (3.50 dS m-1) and brackish water (5.00 dS m-1), with the irrigation manually done and the blade calculated based on daily evapotranspiration. Irrigation with effluent promoted a better development of the sunflower crop, and the increase in the salinity of the irrigation water in the other treatments promoted a decrease in the total fresh and dry phytomasses, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, internal and external diameters of the capitula and in the consumption and efficiency of water use. The use of rainwater, well water and cesspool effluent proved to be suitable for irrigation of the sunflower crop; however, the latter sodified the soil, which would already be recommended for the application of treatments for soil recovery.
Boundary Applicability of the Ghana’s Oil Block Fiscal Regimes
Authors: Ocran D. , Broni-Bediako E. , Ofori-Sarpong G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAttractiveness of fiscal regime has become more important in oil and gas investment decision than the rather geological prospectivity of the province. The terms and conditions contained in the fiscal system influence the investor’s evaluation of project. As Ghana determines to benefit greatly from the exploitation of the oil and gas resources, a robust fiscal system attractive in all economical and technical conditions needs to be designed. Ghana has recently become one of the frontiers in the oil and gas industry following its commercial discoveries of hydrocarbons in Deepwater Tano-Cape Three Point, the Jubilee field. Ghana’s oil industry is very young and some of the basins are under exploration surveillances waiting for commercial discoveries. Ghana’s Jubilee field uses various terms and conditions in her fiscal arrangement to govern the upstream operations. For continuous realisation of economic benefits to the State as well as the contractor, it is important the applicability of Ghana’s fiscal regime at varying boundary conditions of oil price and field reserves are evaluated. Discounted cash flow economic model which considers the major uncertainties was developed to evaluate the economic implications of the Jubilee field fiscal regime. Different price scenarios and varying field sizes were taken through rigorous sensitivity analysis. It was determined that for all field sizes considered at oil prices above $ 40/bbl, contractor’s NPVs are positive. The project take statistics are averagely around 64% for Government and 36% for contractor under the various scenarios except for oil prices less than $40/bbl where the State’s take statistic is above 80% and contractor’s take below 20%. The State receives Additional Oil Entitlement(AOE) only when the oil price is above $40/bbl and the AOE increases steadily with the oil price for all the various field sizes. In general, the Jubilee field fiscal regime is fairly attractive and flexible and ensures stable shares of economic rents between the State and the contractor as the profitability of the field increases. Keywords: Reserves, Fiscal Regime, Cash Flow, Take Statistics, Net Present Value
The Use of Bauxite as an Arsenic Filter
Authors: Ndur S. A. , Osei H. , Abbey C. E. , Joe-Asare T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArsenic (As) has the potential to negatively affect soils and groundwater quality, and cause several public health challenges. It is usually concentrated and released during metal mining of ores that contains arsenic-bearing minerals. Remediation strategies are in place to avoid pollution. In this study, bauxite from Awaso, Ghana, was characterised, and its ability to sequester As was tested under varying conditions of temperature, Eh and pH. The study showed that the best particle size in the range utilised was 80% passing 2 mm as it allowed easy percolation, and As removal was about 95%. The reaction is a favourable pseudo-second order reaction that is spontaneous and thermodynamically stable and compares well with the Langmuir Sorption Isotherm. About 80% sorption was achieved within 20 minutes of contact with low desorption rate of less than 1.8%. The study thus concludes that bauxite is a good filter for arsenic. Keywords: Arsenic, Bauxite, Filter, Sorption, Isotherm
Design of an Integrated Anti-Hardening System for Carbon-In-Leach Tanks
Authors: Ofosu R. A. , Normanyo E. , Essilfie-Nyame B. 
Published: July 2020

Slurry density monitoring is of paramount importance in the industrial world. Most industries, especially cement and mineral processing industries, employ this method to obtain good quality products. However, most Carbon-In-Leach (CIL) tanks of gold processing industries do not use slurry density monitoring systems. As a result, many a time, agitation difficulties occur when the slurry begins to harden. This paper, therefore, seeks to design an integrated anti-hardening system for CIL tanks, with the aid of a microcontroller, to monitor the density of the slurry in order to prevent it from hardening. Slurry density measurement was achieved with the help of a strain gauge pressure sensor and a couple of level sensors. Atmega 328p microcontroller board was programmed to continuously compute the density of the slurry from values of pressure and level of slurry in the tank indicated by the pressure and level sensors, respectively. The microcontroller responds to slurry hardening by activating a light emitting diode and triggering the piezo buzzer when a set point is reached. The designed circuit was successfully simulated using Proteus 8.2 design suite software to ascertain its functionality. Based on the results obtained, the light emitting diode and piezo buzzer activated when the set point was reached. It was concluded that the anti-hardening system is effective for constantly monitoring the density of the slurry to prevent it from hardening. It was also recommended that the mining industries could employ the designed system to monitor the density in order to prevent hardening of slurry in CIL tanks. Keywords: Carbon-In-Leach Tanks, Slurry Densisty, Strain Guage Pressure Sensor, Microcontroller
Efficacy of Geophysical Techniques for Groundwater Exploration in the Volta Basin, Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Ewusi A. , Seidu J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Groundwater, traditionally extracted from hand-dug wells and boreholes is the main drinking water source in the Northern Region of Ghana. Many boreholes have been constructed in the region to increase accessibility to potable water mainly as part of rural water supply projects where borehole siting has to be relatively cheaper. These projects have resulted in low success rates of borehole drilling because of the application of inefficient and simple geophysical techniques supposed to be cheaper. Field surveys were conducted with the Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) technique, Electrokinetic System (EKS) sounding technique and Radon (222Rn) technique with the objectives of determining the best geophysical methods for borehole siting and its efficiency in the Volta Basin (VB) in the Northern Region of Ghana. The surveys were conducted at stations of existing dry and positive boreholes. Results show that the three geophysical techniques are efficient to identify groundwater accumulation zones. The ERI, EKS and 222Rn are efficient to identify discontinuities, calculate hydraulic conductivity of discontinuities and identify areas of water circulation respectively. It is recommended that the ERI be used to obtain discontinuities and weak zones for drilling on rural water supply projects in the VB. The EKS and 222Rn should be conducted to evaluate these features when high yield boreholes are required.

Keywords: Geophysical Techniques, Volta Basin, Borehole Drilling, Success Rates
Do Crude Oil Price Changes Affect Economic Welfare? Empirical Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Kamasa K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper sought to explore the impact of crude oil price changes on economic welfare in Ghana. The paper employed the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique on an annual time series data spanning 1983 – 2017. The findings revealed that crude oil price changes have a negative and significant impact on economic welfare in the short and long run, albeit marginal. In terms of covariates, the findings revealed that trade openness and gross fixed capital formation have positive and significant impact whilst interest rate have negative impact on economic welfare in both the short and long run. Foreign direct investment had a positive effect, albeit insignificant. The paper recommends among others, the hedging of prices with respect to imported crude oil so as to manage the risks associated with crude oil price changes on economic welfare.

Keywords: Economic Welfare; Crude Oil Prices Changes; Autoregressive Distributed Lag; Ghana