bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Exercise During the Morning School‐Break Improves Basic Cognitive Functions
Authors: Tilp Markus , Scharf Carina , Payer Gerald , Presker Maximilian , Fink Andreas 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPhysical activity has not only been associated with increased physical and mental health, but also with beneficial effects on various cognitive and brain functions. This study investigated the effects of a motor and coordination oriented exercise intervention on academic achievements, attention/concentration ability, and on different facets of creative potential in a sample of school‐aged children between 11 and 14 years. The intervention was conducted during the morning school‐break over a time period of 4 weeks (5 units per week). The intervention was associated with beneficial effects on attention/concentration ability, basic arithmetic competence, and the fluency facet of creative potential. The finding that regular physical exercise during the morning break improves some basic academic and cognitive functions may motivate efforts to implement physical activity programs as promising and effective tools in the everyday school‐routine of the children to stimulate basic neurocognitive functions.
Haustoria – arsenals during the interaction between wheat and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Xu Qiang , Tang Chunlei , Wang Likun , Zhao Congcong , Kang Zhensheng , Wang Xiaojie 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAs an obligate parasite, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) forms haustoria to obtain nutrients from plant cells for development, and these structures are essential for pathogen survival. To better understand the contribution of haustoria to the interactions with the host plants, we isolated haustoria from susceptible wheat leaves infected with Pst race CYR31 and sequenced their transcriptome as well as those of urediospores and germ tubes, and compared the three transcriptomes. A total of 3524 up‐regulated genes were obtained from haustoria, of which 73 genes were related to thiamine biosynthesis, glycolysis and lipid metabolic processes. Silencing seven of the genes reduced the growth and development of Pst in wheat. More interestingly, 1197 haustorial secreted proteins (HASPs) were detected in haustoria, accounting for 34% of the total proteins, indicating that these HASPs play important roles in haustorium‐mediated pathogenic progression. Furthermore, 69 HASPs were able to suppress Bax‐triggered programmed cell death in tobacco. Additionally, 46 HASPs significantly reduced callose deposition in wheat using the type III secretion system. This study identified a large number of effectors through transcriptome sequencing, and the results revealed components of metabolic pathways that impact the growth and colonization of the pathogen and indicate essential functions of haustoria in the growth and pathogenicity of Pst.
Plants make galls to accommodate foreigners: some are friends, most are foes
Authors: Harris Marion O. , Pitzschke Andrea 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAt the colonization site of a foreign entity, plant cells alter their trajectory of growth and development. The resulting structure – a plant gall – accommodates various needs of the foreigner, which are phylogenetically diverse: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, oomycetes, true fungi, parasitic plants, and many types of animals, including rotifers, nematodes, insects, and mites. The plant species that make galls also are diverse. We assume gall production costs the plant. All is well if the foreigner provides a gift that makes up for the cost. Nitrogen‐fixing nodule‐inducing bacteria provide nutritional services. Gall wasps pollinate fig trees. Unfortunately for plants, most galls are made for foes, some of which are deeply studied pathogens and pests:Agrobacterium tumefaciens,Rhodococcus fascians,Xanthomonas citri,Pseudomonas savastanoi,Pantoea agglomerans, ‘Candidatus’ phytoplasma, rust fungi,Ustilagosmuts, root knot and cyst nematodes, and gall midges. Galls are an understudied phenomenon in plant developmental biology. We propose gall inception for discovering unifying features of the galls that plants make for friends and foes, talk about molecules that plants and gall‐inducers use to get what they want from each other, raise the question of whether plants colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi respond in a gall‐like manner, and present a research agenda.
Conservative Versus Surgical Management of Elbow Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Biz Carlo , Crimì Alberto , Belluzzi Elisa , Maschio Nicola , Baracco Riccardo , Volpin Andrea , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveSeveral studies have been published regarding the treatment of medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) injuries for professional overhead athletes. However, there is a paucity of data regarding non‐professional athletes. The aim of this systematic review was to compare the rate of outcome scores and complications of conservative versus operative treatments both in non‐professional athletes and in non‐sport‐related trauma patients with MUCL lesions.MethodsA systematic review of the published literature was performed by applying the PRISMA guidelines. A search was conducted using three databases: Medline, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The keywords used were “ulnar collateral ligament injury,” “elbow,” “surgery,” and “conservative treatment”. Patients were divided into three groups: patients who underwent conservative treatment (C‐group), surgical treatment (S‐group), and surgery after a failed conservative treatment (C&S‐group). Clinical outcomes were analyzed: Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), Conway scale, Carson score, and Kerlan–Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic score (KJOC).ResultsA total of 15 studies were included, evaluating 513 patients. Although good and excellent outcomes were found for most patients during daily and/or sport activities, independently of the type of treatment, the C‐group had better results. Excellent results were found in 98.8% of the C‐group, in 88.1% of the S‐group, and in 87.7% of the C&S‐group. The complication rate in the C‐group was statistically higher compared to the S and C&S groups (P < 0.001). However, its complication rate was higher with lower patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to establish statistically significant differences in the effects of conservative versus surgical treatments on the functional outcomes of patients with MUCL lesions. However, a period of rehabilitation therapy and the functional request of the single injured subject are useful to discern which patients genuinely require MUCL surgical repair.
Associations between perceptions about siblings' development and emerging adults' adulthood attainment
Authors: Cassinat Jenna R. , Whiteman Shawn D. , Jensen Alexander C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSiblings shape each other's attitudes and behaviors during childhood and adolescence; however, it is less clear if siblings continue to influence each other in emerging adulthood. This study investigated the extent to which emerging adults modeled their siblings in domains of adulthood attainment. Participants included 1,750 emerging adults from the United States between the ages of 18 and 29 years. Data were collected via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Findings showed that perceptions of siblings' adulthood attainment were positively related to emerging adults' development in those same domains. Moreover, the extent to which emerging adults modeled their siblings enhanced these associations; neither birth order nor gender composition moderated these findings. In short, processes of sibling influence continue to be relevant in emerging adulthood.
Aid for trade and international transactions in goods and services
Authors: Hoekman Bernard , Shingal Anirudh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe empirical literature on aid for trade (AfT) mainly considers its effects on merchandise trade and investment. In this paper, we provide an in‐depth analysis of the relationship between AfT and trade in services using both aggregate and bilateral data. We find a statistically weak effect of AfT on both goods and services trade in our aggregate analysis once we account for endogeneity in the AfT–trade relationship. In contrast, the bilateral analysis suggests that AfT, in particular that allocated to services activities, especially economic infrastructure, has a positive effect on recipients’ merchandise exports to donor countries. This novel finding is robust across different lag structures and provides evidence of complementarities between services AfT and goods trade.
Prevalence of depression after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review
Authors: Ryttersgaard Trine O. , Johnsen Søren P. , Riis Jens Ø. , Mogensen Poul H. , Bjarkam Carsten R. 
Published: November 2019

To review the prevalence of depression among adolescents and young adults after moderate to severe TBI. A systematic literature search was conducted on literature published up to December 2018 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and PsychInfo. A systematic review of the identified literature was based on PRISMA guidelines. Risk of Bias was evaluated based on the aspects of Risk of Bias assessment described by the Agency of Health Research and Quality. Seven studies were deemed eligible and information on the prevalence of depression among adolescents and young adults (age 13–35) after moderate to severe TBI was extracted. Depression was assessed at 12 months (n = 2), >12 months (n = 2) or at varying times (n = 3) after TBI. The identified studies reported a prevalence proportion of depression from 1.6% to 60%. The Risk of Bias assessment showed a range of study quality with the selection of subjects and analysis of attrition being problematic. Although literature is sparse and of varying quality, depression was found to be common among adolescents and young adults with moderate to severe TBI which implies a need to focus on depression in the rehabilitation process and calls for further research.
Prediction of Surface Hardness in Laser-Assisted Milling
Authors: Feng Yixuan , Hung Tsung-Pin , Lu Yu-Ting , Lin Yu-Fu , Hsu Fu-Chuan , Lin Chiu-Feng , Lu Ying-Cheng , Liang Steven Y. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The control of work hardening in laser-assisted milling process while keeping a desirable cutting efficiency is quite challenging. Surface hardness is a good indicator of the work hardening. Therefore, it is valuable to predict surface hardness in laser-assisted milling such that the effects of process parameters can be better quantified to facilitate process planning. In the current study, a general surface hardness predictive model based on theories of metal machining and microstructure evolution in laser-assisted milling process is proposed to describe the grain size variation-induced hardness change. The laser preheating temperature field is first calculated by treating the laser beam as a moving heat source. Then, the oblique milling process is transferred to equivalent orthogonal cutting process at each rotation angle to predict the grain size dependent on dynamic recrystallization process. The inverse relationship between the grain diameter and surface hardness is applied to decide grain size variation-induced hardness change. The model is validated through laser-assisted milling experiments on Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V ELI. The proposed predictive model is able to match the experimental measurements in all cases with an average error of 3% for Ti-6Al-4V and 3.3% for Ti-6Al-4V ELI. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on Ti-6Al-4V to study the influences of cutting speed, depth of cut, laser power, and laser-tool distance on hardness. The proposed analytical model is valuable for providing a fast, credible, and physics-based method for the prediction of surface hardness in laser-assisted milling of various materials. Through sensitivity analysis, the model is able to guide the selection of cutting and laser parameters when the control of surface hardness is the main target.
A Database Framework for the Characterization and Classification of Parametric Models Based on Complexity Metrics to Support Data Analytics
Authors: Camba Jorge D. , Contero Manuel , Pérez-López David , Company Pedro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a database architecture for exploring, classifying, and visualizing feature-based parametric CAD models based on quantitative complexity metrics. The system consists of (1) an external relational database structure where models are stored along with their graph representation and the numerical values of each complexity metric, (2) a client module that is integrated in the user’s CAD system and facilitates navigation within the repository, and (3) a report generation module that allows exporting CAD complexity data from the external repository to other applications for validation and analysis. In this paper, we justify the need for our system in the context of data analytics and discuss the rationale of its design as well as its architecture and implementations details. Finally, we describe a use case that illustrates the application of our framework in the characterization and evaluation of CAD models.
Improvement on Straightness of Micro-Motor Shaft Considering Stress Concentration Caused by the Grooves
Authors: Guo Zexing , Lu Hong , Zhang Jinglin , Zang Yue , Zhang Weixin , He Jianying , Liu Qiong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Motor shaft is one of the most important parts of motor, which is widely used in industrial field. The straightness of the shaft has a potentially significant effect on motor performance, which is determined by the straightening process in the manufacturing process of the shaft. Considering the grooved characteristics on the micro-motor shaft and using the classical material mechanics principle, the stress and deformation models of the circular shaft with the grooves during the straightening process are established in this paper. By deriving the straighttening stroke-initial deflection model, an accurate and practical relationship between the straightening stroke and the initial deflection was provided. In order to verify the theoretical straightening model, some grooved shaft specimens are designed and manufactured for the straightening experiments. Through the simulation and experimental research, the straightening stroke-initial deflection model for the micro-motor shaft is compared and analyzed, and the correctness and feasibility of the model is verified.
Straightening Process of Straight Metal Pipe Considering the Flattening Effect
Authors: Lian Yang , Lu Hong , Ma Mingtian , He Jianying , Liu Qiong , Cheng Qian , Qiao Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Straight metal pipes are widely used in petroleum exploration and transmission equipment systems. Straightening is one of effective methods for ensuring or repairing the bending during straight metal pipe rolling, heat treatment, assembly and operational application. However, the flatten phenomenon of straight metal pipe during straightening process is unavoidable. Therefore, it is significant to study the flatten phenomenon of straight metal pipe in straightening process. Based on the theory of elastoplastic deformation, the flatten phenomenon of straight metal pipe is analyzed. Further, the straightening stroke model of straight metal pipe for guiding the straighten operation is established. Afterwards, the theoretical straightening stroke model is analyzed on the basis of simulation. Finally, the experimental system was built up. A series of related experiments were carried out to verify the rationality of the model.
Twinning Behavior in Magnesium Alloys Processed by Laser Shock Peening
Authors: Mao Bo , Liao Yiliang , Li Bin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the surface microstructure evolution of an AZ31B magnesium (Mg) alloy during laser shock peening (LSP) was investigated. Particular attention was paid to the deformation twinning behavior, which plays an important role in the mechanical properties of Mg alloys. The effect of laser intensity on the twinning distribution was investigated. Twin-twin interactions during LSP process were characterized. The mechanism responsible for the formation of gradient twinning microstructure and twinning-induced hardening effect were discussed.
Grey Relation Approach in Abrasive Jet Machining Process
Authors: Paul Lijo , Babu J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Micro machining of conducting and non-conducting materials with high accuracy has great demand in industries especially in machining of ceramic, brittle materials. Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) has shown tremendous application especially in machining of hard and brittle materials. In the present paper drilling of soda lime glass has been carried out to determine the machinability under different controlling parameters. A set of L9 series experiments were carried out by varying process parameters such as Stand Off Distance (SOD), Silicon carbide abrasive particles mesh sizes and jet pressure. Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Radial Over Cut (ROC), were taken as the output responses and are optimised with multi objective optimisation.
An Integrated DEM-FEM Model for Shot Peening Applications
Authors: Bobba Dhanooj , Ramaprabhu Praveen , Cherukuri Harish P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Shot peening is a commonly used technique for improving the fatigue life of machine components by inducing compressive residual stresses in the surface layers. This process involves plastically deforming the surface layers by impacting with spherical particles at high speeds. The induced residual compressive stresses resist crack propagation and thus increase the fatigue life. The intensity of shot peening, measured using the Almen test, is an essential quantity for ensuring shot peening effectiveness and repeatability. It depends on various process parameters such as the shot speed, shot size, shot material, impact direction, and flow rate. In this study, a novel computational model is developed to simulate the Almen intensity tests on a Type-C strip accurately. The model uses a coupled technique based on the discrete element method (DEM) and the conventional finite element method (FEM). The predicted Almen intensity values agree with analytically calculated values. Results from the parametric studies conducted to analyze the influence of various parameters on the Almen intensity indicate that many different combinations of these parameters can obtain a given Almen intensity although the residual stress fields may vary.
Enhancing Conductivity and Corrosion Resistance by Organic Coatings on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Treated by Micro-Arc Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Xiuping , Li Lei , Mu Yaozhao , Xie Yanxiang , Dai Jun , Shi Jing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, an organic coating, in combination of a micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer, was prepared on the surface of a magnesium alloy (AZ31) to achieve both functions of corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. By using carbon black as conductive particles and epoxy resin as matrix, organic coatings of various weight fractions were applied on the AZ31 surface treated by micro-arc oxidation through adjusting the contents of the conductive particles and non-conductive matrix. Electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of organic coatings were measured. The results show that the organic coatings can improve the electrical conductivity of the AZ31 material treated by micro-arc oxidation, and the conductivity changes with the ratio between the carbon black particles and non-conductive matrix. The smallest resistance value of the organic coatings reached 130Ω. Also, the organic coating can further improve the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 material. The electrochemical corrosion tests show that the corrosion potential of the AZ31 material with composite coatings was at least 0.6V higher than that of AZ31 only with micro-arc oxidation treatment.
On the Impact of Wireless Communications on Controlling a Two-Dimensional Gantry System
Authors: Kashef Mohamed , Candell Richard , Foufou Sebti 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Industrial wireless is essential to achieve the vision of future manufacturing systems which are highly dynamic and reconfigurable, and communicate large amounts of data. Main challenges of wireless deployment include the stochastic nature of the wireless channels and the harsh industrial transmission environment. In this work, a typical two-dimensional gantry system is controlled by a local controller which receives G-code commands wirelessly over a Wi-Fi network. The industrial wireless channel is replicated using a radio frequency (RF) channel emulator where various scenarios are considered and various wireless channel parameters are studied. The movement of the gantry system tool is tracked using a vision tracking system to quantify the impact of the wireless channel on the system performance. Numerical results are presented including the total run time of an industrial process and the dwell times at various positions through the process.
Effects of Particle Size on Biomass Pretreatment for Biofuel Production
Authors: Yang Yang , Sun Mingman , Deines Timothy , Zhang Meng , Li Jun , Wang Donghai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biofuel production needs to be more efficient than its current status to increase its competitiveness. The multistep biofuel production is consisted of processes on biomass preprocessing and bioconversion stages. As a crucial parameter, biomass particle size has significant effects on both stages. It is essential to have an insightful understanding of the effects of particle size on sugar yield. Although numerous studies have been performed to meet this objective, there is no commonly accepted guideline on how to select particle size. One possible reason for this gap is the effects of particle size vary when different biomass pretreatment methods are employed. In this study, an assessment on the relationship between particle size and sugar yield was performed for four pretreatment methods. Three particle sizes (1, 4, and 8 mm) of corn stover and switchgrass biomass were used in supercritical CO2, dilute acid (H2SO4), dilute alkaline (Na2CO3), and metal oxide (MgO) pretreatments. Biomass compositional analyses were conducted before and after each pretreatment. Pretreatment solid recovery and sugar recovery rates were calculated. Enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield and efficiency were used to evaluate the performance of hydrolysis and total sugar yield was used to interpret how much sugar a unit dry weight of biomass (before pretreatment) can yield through pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis combined. It was found that particle size was a weak indicator of enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. There was little value in reducing particle size below 8 mm in order to overcome the resistance imposed by biomass structure on cellulose and xylan hydrolysis.