bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Yu , Tian Huaiyu , Zhang Li , Zhang Man , Guo Dandan , Wu Wenting , Zhang Xingxing , Kan Ge Lin , Jia Lei , Huo Da , Liu Baiwei , Wang Xiaoli , Sun Ying , Wang Quanyi , Yang Peng , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionTransmission of COVID-19 within families and close contacts accounts for the majority of epidemic growth. Community mask wearing, hand washing and social distancing are thought to be effective but there is little evidence to inform or support community members on COVID-19 risk reduction within families.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 335 people in 124 families and with at least one laboratory confirmed COVID-19 case was conducted from 28 February to 27 March 2020, in Beijing, China. The outcome of interest was secondary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the family. Characteristics and practices of primary cases, of well family contacts and household hygiene practices were analysed as predictors of secondary transmission.ResultsThe secondary attack rate in families was 23.0% (77/335). Face mask use by the primary case and family contacts before the primary case developed symptoms was 79% effective in reducing transmission (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.79). Daily use of chlorine or ethanol based disinfectant in households was 77% effective (OR=0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.84). Wearing a mask after illness onset of the primary case was not significantly protective. The risk of household transmission was 18 times higher with frequent daily close contact with the primary case (OR=18.26, 95% CI 3.93 to 84.79), and four times higher if the primary case had diarrhoea (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.08 to 15.60). Household crowding was not significant.ConclusionThe study confirms the highest risk of transmission prior to symptom onset, and provides the first evidence of the effectiveness of mask use, disinfection and social distancing in preventing COVID-19. We also found evidence of faecal transmission. This can inform guidelines for community prevention in settings of intense COVID-19 epidemics.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase–Regulated Pericyte Maturation Governs Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Figueiredo Ana M. , Villacampa Pilar , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , José Lozano Juan , Kobialka Piotr , Cortazar Ana Rosa , Martinez-Romero Anabel , Angulo-Urarte Ana , Franco Claudio A. , Claret Marc , Aransay Ana María , Adams Ralf H. , Carracedo Arkaitz , Graupera Mariona 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Pericytes regulate vessel stabilization and function, and their loss is associated with diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or cancer. Despite their physiological importance, pericyte function and molecular regulation during angiogenesis remain poorly understood.

Methods:

To decipher the transcriptomic programs of pericytes during angiogenesis, we crossed
Pdgfrb(BAC)-CreER

T2

mice into RiboTag
flox/flox
mice. Pericyte morphological changes were assessed in mural cell-specific R26-mTmG reporter mice, in which low doses of tamoxifen allowed labeling of single-cell pericytes at high resolution. To study the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in pericyte biology during angiogenesis, we used genetic mouse models that allow selective inactivation of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ isoforms and their negative regulator phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in mural cells.

Results:
At the onset of angiogenesis, pericytes exhibit molecular traits of cell proliferation and activated PI3K signaling, whereas during vascular remodeling, pericytes upregulate genes involved in mature pericyte cell function, together with a remarkable decrease in PI3K signaling. Immature pericytes showed stellate shape and high proliferation, and mature pericytes were quiescent and elongated. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that PI3Kβ, but not PI3Kα, regulates pericyte proliferation and maturation during vessel formation. Genetic PI3Kβ inactivation in pericytes triggered early pericyte maturation. Conversely, unleashing PI3K signaling by means of PTEN deletion delayed pericyte maturation. Pericyte maturation was necessary to undergo vessel remodeling during angiogenesis.

Conclusions:
Our results identify new molecular and morphological traits associated with pericyte maturation and uncover PI3Kβ activity as a checkpoint to ensure appropriate vessel formation. In turn, our results may open new therapeutic opportunities to regulate angiogenesis in pathological processes through the manipulation of pericyte PI3Kβ activity.
Associations Between Hospital Length of Stay, 30‐Day Readmission, and Costs in ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Nationwide Readmissions Database Analysis
Authors: Jang Sun‐Joo , Yeo Ilhwan , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Cheung Jim W. , Minutello Robert M. , Singh Harsimran S. , Bergman Geoffrey , Wong S. Chiu , Kim Luke K. 
Published: May 2020

Background

Readmission after ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) poses an enormous economic burden to the
US
healthcare system. There are limited data on the association between length of hospital stay (
LOS
), readmission rate, and overall costs in patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for
STEMI
.

Methods and Results

All
STEMI
hospitalizations were selected in the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2014. From the patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention, we examined the 30‐day outcomes including readmission, mortality, reinfarction, repeat revascularization, and hospital charges/costs according to
LOS
(1–2, 3, 4, 5, and >5 days) stratified by infarct locations. The 30‐day readmission rate after percutaneous coronary intervention for
STEMI
was 12.0% in the anterior wall (
AW
)
STEMI
group and 9.9% in the non‐
AW STEMI
group. Patients with a very short
LOS
(1–2 days) were readmitted less frequently than those with a longer
LOS
regardless of infarct locations. However, patients with a very short
LOS
had significantly increased 30‐day readmission mortality versus an
LOS
of 3 days (hazard ratio, 1.91; CI, 1.16–3.16 [
P
=0.01]) only in the
AW STEMI
group. Total costs (index admission+readmission) were the lowest in the very short
LOS
cohort in both the
AW STEMI
group (
P
<0.001) and the non‐AW
STEMI
group (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

For patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for
STEMI
, a very short
LOS
was associated with significantly lower 30‐day readmission and lower cumulative cost. However, a very short
LOS
was associated with higher 30‐day mortality compared with at least a 3‐day stay in the
AW STEMI
cohort.
Nck1, But Not Nck2, Mediates Disturbed Flow‐Induced p21‐Activated Kinase Activation and Endothelial Permeability
Authors: Alfaidi Mabruka , Bhattarai Umesh , Orr A. Wayne 
Published: May 2020

Background
Alteration in hemodynamic shear stress at atheroprone sites promotes endothelial paracellular pore formation and permeability. The molecular mechanism remains unknown.

Methods and Results

We show that Nck (noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase) deletion significantly ameliorates disturbed flow‐induced permeability, and selective isoform depletion suggests distinct signaling mechanisms. Only Nck1 deletion significantly reduces disturbed flow‐induced paracellular pore formation and permeability, whereas Nck2 depletion has no significant effects. Additionally, Nck1 re‐expression, but not Nck2, restores disturbed flow‐induced permeability in Nck1/2 knockout cells, confirming the noncompensating roles. In vivo, using the partial carotid ligation model of disturbed flow, Nck1 knockout prevented the increase in vascular permeability, as assessed by Evans blue and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran extravasations and leakage of plasma fibrinogen into the vessel wall. Domain swap experiments mixing
SH
2 (phosphotyrosine binding) and
SH
3 (proline‐rich binding) domains between Nck1 and Nck2 showed a dispensable role for
SH
2 domains but a critical role for the Nck1
SH
3 domains in rescuing disturbed flow‐induced endothelial permeability. Consistent with this, both Nck1 and Nck2 bind to platelet endothelial adhesion molecule‐1 (
SH
2 dependent) in response to shear stress, but only Nck1 ablation interferes with shear stress–induced
PAK
2 (p21‐activated kinase) membrane translocation and activation. A single point mutation into individual Nck1
SH
3 domains suggests a role for the first domain of Nck1 in
PAK
recruitment to platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1 and activation in response to shear stress.

Conclusions
This work provides the first evidence that Nck1 but not the highly similar Nck2 plays a distinct role in disturbed flow‐induced vascular permeability by selective p21‐activated kinase activation.
An Eye on the Storm: Integrating a Wealth of Data for Quickly Advancing the Physical Understanding and Forecasting of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Hristova-Veleva Svetla M. , Li P. Peggy , Knosp Brian , Vu Quoc , Turk F. Joseph , Poulsen William L. , Haddad Ziad , Lambrigtsen Bjorn , Stiles Bryan W. , Shen Tsae-Pyng , Niamsuwan Noppasin , Tanelli Simone , Sy Ousmane , Seo Eun-Kyoung , Su Hui , Vane Deborah G. , Chao Yi , Callahan Philip S. , Dunbar R. Scott , Montgomery Michael , Boothe Mark , Tallapragada Vijay , Trahan Samuel , Wimmers Anthony J. , Holz Robert , Reid Jeffrey S. , Marks Frank , Vukicevic Tomislava , Bhalachandran Saiprasanth , Leighton Hua , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman , Navarro Andres , Tapiador Francisco J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most destructive natural phenomena with huge societal and economic impact. They form and evolve as the result of complex multiscale processes and nonlinear interactions. Even today the understanding and modeling of these processes is still lacking. A major goal of NASA is to bring the wealth of satellite and airborne observations to bear on addressing the unresolved scientific questions and improving our forecast models. Despite their significant amount, these observations are still underutilized in hurricane research and operations due to the complexity associated with finding and bringing together semicoincident and semicontemporaneous multiparameter data that are needed to describe the multiscale TC processes. Such data are traditionally archived in different formats, with different spatiotemporal resolution, across multiple databases, and hosted by various agencies. To address this shortcoming, NASA supported the development of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Tropical Cyclone Information System (TCIS)—a data analytic framework that integrates model forecasts with multiparameter satellite and airborne observations, providing interactive visualization and online analysis tools. TCIS supports interrogation of a large number of atmospheric and ocean variables, allowing for quick investigation of the structure of the tropical storms and their environments. This paper provides an overview of the TCIS’s components and features. It also summarizes recent pilot studies, providing examples of how the TCIS has inspired new research, helping to increase our understanding of TCs. The goal is to encourage more users to take full advantage of the novel capabilities. TCIS allows atmospheric scientists to focus on new ideas and concepts rather than painstakingly gathering data scattered over several agencies.
What attributes should a specialist in rehabilitation have? Seven suggested specialist Capabilities in Practice
Authors: Wade Derick T 
Published: May 2020

Problem: Many services and professionals refer to themselves as providing rehabilitation. There is no agreed method for determining whether someone has specific expertise in rehabilitation. This makes it difficult for patients and payers to know whether professionals who claim to provide rehabilitation are specifically expert in rehabilitation. Context: Doctors have a medical speciality of rehabilitation. The medical training curriculum gives attributes that differentiate a rehabilitation specialist from other doctors. Until recently, these attributes were competencies to undertake activities associated with specialization. Apart from nurses, who have at least one, unofficial, curriculum identifying specific competencies, other professions involved in rehabilitation do not have any way to show specialization in rehabilitation. Capabilities in Practice: The U.K. General Medical Council accredits specialist medical training. It has moved from specifying multiple practical clinical competencies to specifying fewer high-level ‘Capabilities in Practice’. Six are generic to all doctors, eight identify the trained doctor as having specialist rehabilitation skills. This article adopts this approach to put forward seven generic and seven specialist capabilities to identify any professional as having special expertise in rehabilitation. The seven specialist capabilities centre on the biopsychosocial model of illness and multidisciplinary teamwork. Four of them could be used to define a specialist rehabilitation team. Conclusion: Seven capabilities identifying specialization in rehabilitation are put forward for discussion. They could form the basis of a formal recognition that any professional has additional expertise in rehabilitation. A validating authority would be needed to provide oversight and governance.
A case series of suprascapular nerve block (with an historical comparator) for shoulder pain in motor neurone disease
Authors: Shanahan E Michael , Glaezter Karen , Gill Tiffany , Hill Catherine , Graf Scott , Allcroft Peter 
Published: May 2020

Background: Shoulder pain is a distressing but under-reported and poorly managed symptom in people with motor neurone disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of suprascapular nerve block for the management of shoulder pain in patients with motor neurone disease. Methods: A total of 27 patients with motor neurone disease and shoulder pain were offered a suprascapular nerve block. Ten of these patients had bilateral shoulder pain and both were injected, making a total of 37 shoulders. The patients were followed up for a total of 3 months, or until death. Shoulder pain was measured using the pain scale (out of 100) of the shoulder pain and disability index and compared with baseline scores and a placebo control group from an earlier study using the same methodology (ACTRN12619000353190). Results: Following the nerve block there was a significant improvement of pain scores from baseline (58.4) at week 1 (20.8, p < 0.000), week 6 (17.6, p < 0.000) and week 12 (30.4, p = 0.001) and a significant improvement compared with the control group across each time interval. Conclusion: Suprascapular nerve block is a safe, effective therapy for patients with chronic shoulder pain.
Cross-sectional study of drug utilisation in a Chinese neonatal unit
Authors: Yue Yan , Chen Libin , Choonara Imti , Xiong Tao , Ojha Shalini , Tang Jun , Wang Yan , Zeng Linan , Shi Jing , Wang Hua , Mu Dezhi 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study aimed to describe drug utilisation in a large Chinese neonatal unit and to compare the findings with those from other countries. Methods Data were collected from electronic medical records. Prescription drugs were defined as the number of unique medication names for each patient. Medicine doses were defined as the total number of doses of all medicines administered. Information was collected regarding drugs prescribed to inpatients between March 1 and April 1 2018 in the neonatal intensive care unit and the general neonatal ward of West China Second University Hospital. Results The 319 neonates received 1276 prescription drugs and 11,410 medicine doses involving 81 drugs. Vitamin K1, hepatitis B vaccine, and cefoperazone-sulbactam were the three most frequently prescribed drugs. Antimicrobials were the most frequently used group of medicines, with cefoperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam the most frequently used in an off-label manner. Domperidone and simethicone were both widely used. Conclusions The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials differed greatly from those reported for other countries. The evidence base for the use of some medicines is poor, and is indicative of irrational prescribing.
Traditional three-dimensional printing technology versus three-dimensional printing mirror model technology in the treatment of isolated acetabular fractures: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Yu Cong , Yu Weiguang , Mao Shuai , Zhang Peiru , Zhang Xinchao , Zeng Xianshang , Han Guowei 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of traditional three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and 3D printing mirror model technology in the treatment of isolated acetabular fractures. Methods Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed to retrospectively compare patients with an isolated acetabular fracture who were treated with traditional 3D printing technology (Group T) or 3D printing mirror model technology (Group M) from 2011 to 2017. In total, 146 advanced-age patients (146 hips) with an isolated acetabular fracture (Group T, n = 72; Group M, n = 74) were assessed for a mean follow-up period of 29 months (range, 24–34 months). The primary endpoint was the postoperative Harris hip score (HHS). The secondary endpoints were the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy screening time, fracture reduction quality, and incidence of postoperative complications at the final follow-up. Results The HHS, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy screening time, and incidence of postoperative complications were significantly different between the groups, with Group M showing superior clinical outcomes. Conclusion In patients with an isolated acetabular fracture, 3D printing mirror model technology might lead to more accurate and efficient treatment than traditional 3D printing technology.
Risk factors associated with symptoms of post-extubation upper airway obstruction in the emergency setting
Authors: Shinohara Mafumi , Iwashita Masayuki , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: May 2020

Objective Post-extubation stridor and hoarseness are important clinical manifestations that indicate laryngeal edema due to intubation. In previous studies the incidence of post-extubation stridor and hoarseness ranged from 1.5% to 26.3% in postoperative patients and patients in the intensive care unit. Female sex and prolonged intubation are reportedly risk factors for post-extubation stridor. However, the risk factors for post-extubation stridor and the appropriate endotracheal tube size in emergency settings remain unknown. This study was performed to identify the risk factors for post-extubation laryngeal edema after emergency intubation. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary emergency medical center/trauma center. The primary outcome was post-extubation stridor and hoarseness. Results During the study period, 482 emergency intubations and 227 extubations were performed in adult patients. In total, 29% of the patients presented symptoms of stridor and/or hoarseness. Female sex (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–5.81) and the duration of intubation (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.32) were associated with stridor and/or hoarseness. Conclusions Patients who undergo emergency intubation have a higher risk of post-extubation upper airway obstruction symptoms than postoperative patients and patients in the intensive care unit, and female sex is associated with these symptoms.
Caregiver Burden and Compassion Fatigue Among Arab Family Caregivers of Older Relatives
Authors: Khalaila Rabia 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To examine the associations and the mechanisms between caregiver burden and compassion fatigue among family caregivers. Method: A cross-sectional study comprising 300 family caregivers of older relatives in Arab communities in Israel was conducted. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews in Arabic using structured questionnaires to identify factors associated with compassion fatigue (using a secondary traumatization stress scale). Bootstrapping with resampling strategies tested the multiple mediator model. Main findings: The results show a significant total effect of caregiver burden on compassion fatigue ( b = 3.79, t(300) = 3.47, p < .001; R2 =.50). This association was found to be partially mediated by family support ( B = .81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23, 1.85) and disengagement coping ( B = .97, 95% CI = 0.19, 2.14), but was not mediated by engagement coping strategies. Conclusion: Compassion fatigue is prevalent among family caregivers and requires more attention from professionals and policymakers.
Papilledema in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): A Pediatric Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Abrams Aaron W. , Sah Jeetendra P. , Pavlakis Steven G. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To analyze the available literature on papilledema in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), report the first detailed pediatric case, and explore the underlying pathophysiology. Methods: First, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of all cases of papilledema in CIDP. Next, we reviewed each case, incorporating only those including cerebrospinal fluid analysis into the results. Finally, we present our pediatric patient. Results: Our literature review yielded a total of 9 adult and no pediatric cases. Cerebrospinal fluid protein and opening pressures were elevated in all cases. They were also elevated in our pediatric case. Conclusion: Prolonged periods of active immune-mediated inflammation is likely a cause of papilledema in adult CIDP, and possibly also in our pediatric case.
Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Feasibility Study for Home Care Older Adults
Authors: Xiang Xiaoling , Sun Yihang , Smith Shawna , Lai Patrick Ho Lam , Himle Joseph 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The present study examined the feasibility of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for home care older adults. Method: A feasibility open trial was conducted with 26 recipients of nonmedical home care with depressive symptoms. When possible, home care workers (HCWs) of older adults ( n = 13) were recruited to provide external support for iCBT usage. Results: The mean therapy sessions completed was 4.7 out of 8, and 86% would recommend the program to others with depressed mood. Participants’ depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms decreased, whereas their quality of life ratings improved. Discussion: iCBT is a feasible and acceptable treatment modality for home care older adults with depressive symptoms and is potentially effective. Future studies are warranted to refine the existing treatment platform to achieve a better fit between the demands of the program and the needs and capabilities of homebound older adults and to examine treatment effectiveness as a function of HCW support.