bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF OXYTETRACYCLINE ON FISH CYPRINUS CARPIO AFTER ACUTE EXPOSURE
Authors: MADHU SHARMA  , JYOTI THAKUR  , SUBHASH VERMA  , PARDEEP SHARMA  
Published: December 2019

Objective: Cytotoxicity in blood cells and genotoxic alteration in gill, liver, and kidney of Cyprinus carpio acutely (96 h) exposed to 80 mg/L oxytetracycline (OTC) including a control (non-exposed group) were evaluated in the present study. Genotoxic endpoints reflecting different types of genetic damage in cells of the liver, gill, and kidney were also determined by analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic abnormalities.
Methods: C. carpio was divided into two groups, one control and others treated with 80 mg/L OTC. After 96 h, sampling was done and slides were prepared for different tissues as well as for measuring polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) frequency in blood. Slides were scored for micronucleus, nuclear abnormalities, swollen cells, and vacuolated cytoplasm.
Results: The hereby data obtained showed a higher and significant increase in the genotoxic effect in all the tissues tested. Furthermore, gill cells showed the highest genotoxic effect followed by liver and kidney, while PCE frequency increases up to 72 h of exposure, on the other hand, a significant decrease in the value was observed at 96 h of exposure.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that OTC has cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on different organs and blood cells of C. carpio at this concentration and suggests gill as sensitive tissue for genotoxic assessment.
EVALUATION OF ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF TREMA ORIENTALIS L. IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS
Authors: VANITA G KANASE  , JYOTI SINGH  
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was aimed at evaluating the antipyretic and antiulcer activity on leaves of Trema orientalis L. (family Cannabaceae) on albino Wistar rats. The antipyretic and antiulcer activity of the ethanolic extract of the T. orientalis L. leaves in three different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) was compared with standard paracetamol and pantoprazole, which was evaluated by employing Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia and ethanol-induced ulcer model. The biochemical parameters such as the volume of gastric juice secretion, pH, total acidity, ulcer index, percentage protection, and lipid peroxidation were also studied.
Methods: T. orientalis leaves were extracted with ethanol by the Soxhlet extraction method. The dried extract was used for further phytochemical and pharmacological analysis. The antipyretic effect was studied using Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia. The ethanol-induced ulcer model was used to study the antiulcer effect.
Results: The percentage yield of ethanolic extract of T. orientalis leaves was found to be 6.71% w/w, respectively. The extract showed significant antipyretic and antiulcer effect when compared with standard paracetamol and pantoprazole.
Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of T. orientalis has significant antipyretic and antiulcer action.
Production of insulin producing cells from cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and their potential in cell therapy
Authors: Babiker Nihad Elsadig , Gassoum Alsadig , Arbab Mohamed Abdelrahman , ALDeaf Sawsan Ahmed Hamed , Fadl-Elmula Imad , Abdelraheem Nahla E. , El-Sheikh Mohamad Ahmed Ali , Musa Hassan Hussein 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were described as adherent cells with a fibroblast-like appearance, have a great capacity for self-renewal while maintaining their multipotency and differentiation into multiple tissues in vivo and in vitro. Methods: MSCs were isolated from cord blood of Sudanese donors using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient density protocol, and differentiate into β- like cells using 3-step protocol. STZ induced diabetic rats were injected intraperitoneally with the differentiated islet β- like cells and blood glucose levels were monitored for seven days. Results: The adherent cell appeared round and sphere after one-week of incubation, and the fibroblast-like colony was strongly attached after three weeks of seeding. The phenotyping of cells showed positivity for CD13, and negativity for CD34, CD45 and HLADR. MSCs were induced into islet-like cells using a 3-step (15-days) protocol. The differentiated cells showed positive diathizone stain and positive imuno-reactivity to anti-human insulin antibody. Secretion of insulin by insulin-producing cells showed positive result with >3.4 u/ml scale reading in high glucose concentration medium. After one-week of transplantation the level of blood glucose was reduced from 410 to 225 mg/dl in the experimental rat. Conclusion: Human UCB-MSCs can be differentiated into insulin-secreting cells invitro, and are able to produce and secrete insulin in response to high glucose concentration in vivo and in vitro.
Keywords: Cord blood, Mesenchymal stem cell, islets β-like cells
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological profile of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith
Authors: Yadav Dinesh Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Colebrookea oppositifolia commonly known as ‘Bhaman’ is distributed throughout India from the Himalayas down to Deccan. The plant is used traditionally as such as dermatitis, dysentery, fever, headache, peptic ulcer, haemostatic, wounds, as anti-fertility agent, fungicide, and the roots of the plant has been most widely used for the treatment of epilepsy.. Medicinally, it has been proven to possess various pharmacological activities like treating corneal opacity or conjunctivitis, sore eyes due to its anti-inflammatory properties, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, cytotoxic activity, anticonvulsant, antiulcer, antimicrobial, anti-fertility, antipyretic and insecticide. Further, studies reveal the presence of various phytochemical constituents mainly flavone glycosides viz. chrysin, negletein, landenein; leaves contain 5,6,7- tri-methoxyflavone, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, acteoside, and quercetin in the bark; root contains stearic, palmitic, oleic acids, triacontanol, flavone glycoside echioidin, 5,6,7-trimethoxyflavone and 4',5,6,7- tetra methoxy flavone; sugars and vitamins have also been isolated from this plant. These studies reveal that Colebrookea oppositifolia is a source of medicinally active compounds and have various pharmacological effects; hence, this drug encourage finding its new therapeutic uses.
Keywords: Colebrookea oppositifolia, wound healing, anticonvulsant, Lamiaceae
Antibacterial Activity of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), Laurel (Lauris nobilis L.), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) Essential Oils against Some Fish Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Tural Serpil , Durmaz Yüksel , Urçar Eda , Turhan Sadettin 
Published: December 2019

In this study, the antibacterial activity of thyme (TEO), laurel (LEO), rosemary (REO) and parsley essential oils (POE) against different fish pathogens such as Yersinia ruckeri (a, b), Lactococcus garvieae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas salmonicida and Aeromonas veronii was investigated. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and their antibacterial activities were measured by paper disk diffusion method. Significant differences in the antibacterial activity of essential oils, depending on plant source and on bacterial strain, were detected. All essential oils showed inhibitory effect against fish pathogenic bacteria (except PEO against Y. ruckeri (b)), and the inhibition zones ranged from 6.00 to 36.00 mm. The highest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria was determined in TEO with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 26.50 to 36.0 mm, while LEO and REO showed a moderate activity with a diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 9.50 to 18.50 mm. The PEO illustrated the lowest diameter of inhibition zone against all the test bacteria. Among the tested bacteria, A. veronii was the most sensitive to the inhibitory activity of TEO, LEO and REO, while P. fluorescens was the most resistant. The results suggested that essential oils from thyme, laurel and rosemary can be used as natural antibacterial agents against fish pathogenic bacteria.
Hallgatók táblázatkezelési ismerete – különbségek a vélt és valós tudás között
Authors: Bakó Mária , Szilágyi Róbert , Ráthonyi Gergely 
Published: December 2019

A felsőoktatásban megkerülhetetlen az informatika oktatása, függetlenül attól, hogy a mai diákok már a Z generációhoz tartoznak és nekik az informatika az élet szerves részét képezi. A szerzők elsődleges célkitűzése az volt, hogy megvizsgálják a felsőoktatásba bekerülő hallgatók vélt és tényleges gyakorlati tudását a táblázatkezelés tekintetében. Ennek megfelelően kialakításra került egy kérdőív és egy gyakorlati feladatsor. A kérdőívben a hallgatók korábbi informatika tanulmányaik megadásán túlmenően értékelniük kellett tudásukat szövegszerkesztés, táblázatkelés és adatbázis-kezelés területek mentén. A gyakorlati felmérés során a hallgatók egy középszintű informatika érettségi Excel feladatsort kellett megoldaniuk. A gyakorlati eredmények tekintetében megfigyelhettük, hogy a felmérésben résztvevők saját tudásuk megítélése gyakran igen nagymértékben eltér a tényleges gyakorlati tudástól. Ami a konkrét eredményeket illeti megállapítottuk, hogy hallgatók felének teljesítménye 20% alatt volt, illetve összességében közel 85%-uk 40% alatt oldotta meg a feladatsort. Elemzésünk azt is kimutatta, hogy az Informatika érettségivel rendelkező hallgatók jelentősen jobb eredményeket értek el.
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Students’ spreadsheet knowledge - differences between
perceived and real knowledge
Teaching Computer Science in higher education is imperative, even though today’s students can be considered to be part of generation Z where technology is an es¬sential part of everyday life. The primary objective of the authors was to examine the perceived and actual knowledge of spreadsheet applications of students entering higher education. A questionnaire and a practical test have therefore been com¬posed. In the questionnaire, students were asked to provide information concerning their previous IT studies and rate their knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets and database management. During the practical, students were asked to solve an Excel exercise taken from a secondary school Computer Science final exam at stan¬dard level. In respect to the results of the practical test there were differences between the perceived and actual knowledge of students’ spreadsheet applications.
In respect to the actual results, we found that half of the students’ performance was below 20 per cent, and overall, nearly 85 per cent of them had completed the test with scores under 40 per cent. Our analysis also demonstrated that students that had graduated in Information Technology achieved significantly better results.
Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in the Elderly: Analysis From the DECLARE–TIMI 58 Study
Authors: Cahn Avivit , Mosenzon Ofri , Wiviott Stephen D. , Rozenberg Aliza , Yanuv Ilan , Goodrich Erica L. , Murphy Sabina A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P.H. , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid A.M. , Fredriksson Martin , Johansson Peter A. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Sabatine Marc S. , Raz Itamar 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE
Data regarding the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the elderly (age ≥65 years) and very elderly (age ≥75 years) are limited.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events (DECLARE)–TIMI 58 assessed cardiac and renal outcomes of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. Efficacy and safety outcomes were studied within age subgroups for treatment effect and age-based treatment interaction.

RESULTS
Of the 17,160 patients, 9,253 were &lt;65 years of age, 6,811 ≥65 to &lt;75 years, and 1,096 ≥75 years. Dapagliflozin reduced the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure consistently, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.88 (95% CI 0.72, 1.07), 0.77 (0.63, 0.94), and 0.94 (0.65, 1.36) in age-groups &lt;65, ≥65 to &lt;75, and ≥75 years, respectively (interaction P value 0.5277). Overall, dapagliflozin did not significantly decrease the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events, with HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.81, 1.08), 0.97 (0.83, 1.13), and 0.84 (0.61, 1.15) in age-groups &lt;65, ≥65 to &lt;75, and ≥75 years, respectively (interaction P value 0.7352). The relative risk reduction for the secondary prespecified cardiorenal composite outcome ranged from 18% to 28% in the different age-groups with no heterogeneity. Major hypoglycemia was less frequent with dapagliflozin versus placebo, with HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.58, 1.64), 0.50 (0.29, 0.84), and 0.68 (0.29, 1.57) in age-groups &lt;65, ≥65 to &lt;75, and ≥75 years, respectively (interaction P value 0.2107). Safety outcomes, including fractures, volume depletion, cancer, urinary tract infections, and amputations were balanced with dapagliflozin versus placebo, and acute kidney injury was reduced, all regardless of age. Genital infections that were serious or led to discontinuation of the study drug and diabetic ketoacidosis were uncommon, yet more frequent with dapagliflozin versus placebo, without heterogeneity (interaction P values 0.1058 and 0.8433, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
The overall efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin are consistent regardless of age.
Specific features of development of fishing industry in Russia
Authors: Uzhakhova Leyla , Vakorin Dmitrii 
Published: December 2019

The article presents the assessment results of the current state and existing problems of the functioning and development of the Russian food industry based on the analysis of scientific, practical and legislative materials in the field of fisheries, fish farming and fish processing. The analysis was carried out in accordance with key indicators specified by the State Program for the Development of the Fisheries Complex of the Russian Federation, such as the volume of production (catch) of aquatic biological resources, the development of aquaculture, per capita consump-tion of fish and fish products by the population, the share of domestic agricultural, fishery products and food in the total volume commodity resources of the domestic market. The priority task is the transition from the export-raw material to the innovative type of development of the fisheries complex based on the conservation and rational use of aquatic biological resources, the introduction of new technologies, increasing the of domestic fish products ratio in the domestic and foreign markets and raising the competitiveness of the Russian fish products. Changes in the intensity and structure of fish and other aquatic biological resources production in the Russian aquaculture over the past decades are analyzed. Both negative and positive trends in the industrial development have been identified. A significant role in the sustainable development of fish industry is given to integration associations. The types of integrated fisheries business structures that are most prevalent
in Russia are considered. To solve existing problems and improve the competitiveness of the fishing industry, it was recommended to consolidate the efforts of the main industry partners in terms
of responsibility and economic trust, development of associative and regulatory framework tools.
Modern approaches to evaluating and selecting methods of servicing difficult loan debts
Authors: Rakhaev Valery Alexandrovich 
Published: December 2019

The article suggests the significant proportion of bad debt to be one of the main problems of the modern bank lending system in Russia. In banking practice, the debt of borrowers is considered problematic if there is a delay in the principal debt and / or interest during 60 calendar days or more (the last 180 calendar days). The presence of bad debt requires creating reserves for possible losses on loans, which can reduce the financial result and the loan portfolio quality
of banks, so paying off bad loans is an urgent task for commercial banks. There is no single algo-rithm for choosing the best way for debt repayment. There has been analyzed the research of evaluating the value of claims and calculating the maximum amount of debt repayment. The factors determining the existing structure of problem debt repayment in banks have been investigated; factors
of assessing the effectiveness of debt repayment by concluding assignment contracts have been considered. The author's approach to calculating the financial result and cash flow under different ways
of fulfilling the obligations of borrowers has been proposed. The calculations and comparison of variants to pay off a debt of a specific borrower on the basis of a financial model have been made. Due to the divergence of cash flows, the assignment of claims to the bank is found the preferred method for debt repayment. It has been stated that the assignment of claims has several advantages over other methods of debt repayment: it helps to save the lender from the costs related to the repayment of bad loans; from the need to reserve additional funds provided for compensation of possible losses; replenishment of working capital, partial coverage of their losses, improvement of official statistical indicators by reducing the share of problem loans; concentration on their business.
Design of an Optimal Fuzzy Controller of an Under-Actuated Manipulator Based on Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization
Authors: Mahmoodabadi Mohammad Javad , Yazdizadeh Baghini Amineh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an optimal fuzzy controller based on the Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been presented for the stabilization of a two-link planar horizontal under-actuated manipulator with two revolute (2R) joints. For the considered fuzzy control method, a singleton fuzzifier, a centre average defuzzifier and a product inference engine have been used. The TLBO algorithm has been implemented for searching the optimum parameters of the fuzzy controller with consideration of time integral of the absolute error of the state variables as the objective function. The proposed control method has been utilized for the 2R under-actuated manipulator with the second passive joint wherein the model moves in the horizontal plane and friction forces have been considered. Simulation results of the offered control method have been illustrated for the stabilization of the considered robot system. Moreover, for different initial conditions, the effectiveness and the robustness of the mentioned strategy have been challenged.
The effects of external and internal focus of attention on motor learning and promoting learner’s focus
Authors: Ghorbani Saeed , Dana Amir , Fallah Zynalabedin 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Study aim: External focus of attention is considered as a critical factor in the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. This theory proposes that external focus of attention facilitates motor performance and learning because it promotes focusing on the task goal. However, the effects of external focus of attention on focusing on the task goal are not well understood. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effects of an external focus of attention versus an internal focus of attention on motor learning and promoting focus of the learner on the task goal.

Material and methods: Thirty-six right-handed male students (mean age 21.16 ± 1.85 years old) with no prior experiences with the motor task were randomly assigned to three groups: external focus, internal focus, and control groups. Participants were asked to throw darts at a target during an acquisition phase (10 blocks of six trials each) and during subsequent retention and transfer tests. Throwing accuracy and focus on the task goal were measured as dependent variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures as well as a one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in accuracy scores between groups during the acquisition phase as well as retention and transfer tests, respectively. The significance level was set at p < .05. The author supervised all phases of the experiment.

Results: The results showed that adopting an external focus promoted a focus on the task goal and resulted in significantly better motor learning than adopting an internal focus and control conditions (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The findings of the present study provided support for the propositions of the OPTIMAL theory and showed that adopting an external focus of attention promotes focus of the learner on the task goal. The results are discussed in terms of benefits of external focus instructions for facilitating motor learning and goal-action coupling.
Mathematical Modeling of the Coinfection Dynamics of Malaria-Toxoplasmosis in the Tropics
Authors: Ogunmiloro Oluwatayo M. 
Published: December 2019

Summary
Coinfection by Plasmodium species and Toxoplasma gondii in humans is widespread, with its endemic impact mostly felt in the tropics. A mathematical model is formulated as a first-order nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations to describe the coinfection dynamics of malaria-toxoplasmosis in the mainly human and feline susceptible host population in tropical regions. Comprehensive mathematical techniques are applied to show that the model system is bounded, positive and realistic in an epidemiological sense. Also, the basic reproduction number (Romt
) of the coinfection model is obtained. It is shown that if Romt < 1, the model system at its malaria-toxoplasmosis absent equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable. The impact of toxoplasmosis and its treatment on malaria, and vice versa, is studied and analyzed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of the model system parameters on the reproduction number of the transmission of malaria-toxoplasmosis coinfection. Simulations and graphical illustrations were made to validate the results obtained from the theoretical model.
Concurrent validity and intra-trial reliability of a bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit for real-time joint range of motion
Authors: Oh D. , Lim W. , Lee N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Along with advancements in science and technology, anthropometric measurements using electronic devices have become possible, and research is being actively conducted on this topic. Recently, devices using Bluetooth that are portable because of their small size have been developed to allow real-time measurements and recording. This study investigated the concurrent validity and intra-trial reliability of a recently developed Bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit. Thirty-seven healthy, young adult participants (age = 22.1±1.2 years, height = 166.8±1.6 cm, mass = 61.9±12.3 kg) were included in the study. The knee extension angles during active knee extension were measured for validity, using both the Bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit and the standard goniometer. Intra-trial reliability was tested for consistency during repeated measurements. The intra-class correlation coefficients value for the concurrent validity between the Bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit and standard goniometer was 0.991, and the values for the intra-trial reliability of the two devices were 0.973 and 0.963, respectively. Based on its high validity and reliability, the Bluetooth-embedded device may be useful for evaluating functional impairment and exercise performance ability by real-time measurements of joint ranges of motion in clinical rehabilitation or sports fields.