bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value and risk stratification of residual disease in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer
Authors: Ramos Emilio , Lluis Nuria , Llado Laura , Torras Jaume , Busquets Juli , Rafecas Antoni , Serrano Teresa , Mils Kristel , Leiva David , Fabregat Joan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aim
Given their poor prognosis, patients with residual disease (RD) in the re-resection specimen of an incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) could benefit from a better selection for surgical treatment. The Gallbladder Cancer Risk Score (GBRS) has been proposed to preoperatively identify RD risk more precisely than T-stage alone. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of RD and to validate the GBRS in a retrospective series of patients.

Material and methods
A prospectively collected database including 59 patients with IGBC diagnosed from December 1996 to November 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Three locations of RD were established: local, regional, and distant. The effect of RD on overall survival (OS) was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. To identify variables associated with the presence of RD, characteristics of patients with and without RD were compared using Fisher’s exact test. The relative risk of RD associated with clinical and pathologic factors was studied with a univariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
RD was found in 30 patients (50.8%). The presence of RD in any location was associated with worse OS (29% vs. 74.2%, p = 0.0001), even after an R0 resection (37.7% vs 74.2%, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in survival between patients without RD and with local RD (74.2% vs 64.3%, p = 0.266), nor between patients with regional RD and distant RD (16.1% vs 20%, p = 0.411). After selecting patients in which R0 resection was achieved (n = 44), 5-year survival rate for patients without RD, local RD, and regional RD was, respectively, 74.2%, 75%, and 13.9% (p = 0.0001). The GBRS could be calculated in 25 cases (42.3%), and its usefulness to predict the presence of regional or distant RD (RDRD) was confirmed (80% in high-risk patients and 30% in intermediate risk p = 0.041).

Conclusion
RDRD, but not local RD, represents a negative prognostic factor of OS. The GBRS was useful to preoperatively identify patients with high risk of RDRD. An R0 resection did not improve OS of patients with regional RD.
Transvaginal ovarian drilling followed by controlled ovarian stimulation from the next day improves ovarian response for the poor responders with polycystic ovary syndrome during IVF treatment: a pilot study
Authors: Xu Bufang , Zhou Mingjuan , Cheng Meiyu , Zhang Dan , Wu Xian , Si Chenchen , Xia Lan , Xu Huihui , Li Jian , Chang Hsun-Ming , Leung Peter C. K. , Zhang Aijun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Poor response patients with PCOS who are not susceptible to gonadotropin stimulation are more likely to have canceled cycles or poor clinical outcomes during IVF treatment. However, some limitations exist in the present therapies. In this study, we evaluated the effects of using the transvaginal ovarian drilling (TVOD) followed by controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) from the second day of these poor responders.

Methods
During IVF, 7 poor responders with PCOS and 28 PCOS patients (14 normal and 14 high responders) were recruited. All patients received COS with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol. For the poor responders, after undergoing 10 to 14 days of ovulation induction with no response, the TVOD was applied and then ovarian stimulation was performed from the next day at the same gonadotropin dose. Serum samples during COS and follicular fluid samples from the dominant follicles on the oocyte pick-up (OPU) day in all three groups were collected. Besides, follicular fluid from small follicles (diameter < 1 cm) in the normal and high responders on the OPU day and those in the poor responders on the TVOD day were gathered. Hormonal levels were examined in all samples using immunometric assays.

Results
All the poor responders restored ovary response after receiving TVOD. There was no significant difference in the stimulation duration, total gonadotrophin dose used and the clinical outcomes among the three groups. The body mass index, serum and follicular levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone in poor responders were higher than those in the other two groups, and the application of TVOD significantly decreased the levels of AMH and testosterone in both serum and follicular fluid.

Conclusions
TVOD followed by ovulation induction from the next day is effective and convenient for poor responders with PCOS. The decline of AMH and testosterone resulted from TVOD may be the main reason resulting in the recovery of ovary sensitivity to gonadotropins. The small sample size is the primary limitation of this study, future studies using a large population cohort and monitoring the long-term outcomes of this strategy will be required.

Trial registration
ChiCTR1900023612. Registered 04 June 2019-Retrospectively registered.
High-salt diet does not boost neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a model of α-synucleinopathy
Authors: Heras-Garvin Antonio , Refolo Violetta , Reindl Markus , Wenning Gregor K. , Stefanova Nadia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aim
Pre-clinical studies in models of multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory disorders suggest that high-salt diet may induce activation of the immune system and potentiate inflammation. However, high-salt diet constitutes a common non-pharmacological intervention to treat autonomic problems in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Since neuroinflammation plays an important pathogenic role in these neurodegenerative disorders, we asked here whether high-salt diet may aggravate the disease phenotype in a transgenic model of multiple system atrophy.

Methods
Nine-month-old PLP-hαSyn and matched wildtype mice received normal or high-salt diet for a period of 3 months. Behavioral, histological, and molecular analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of high-salt diet on motor decline, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and α-synuclein accumulation in these mice.

Results
Brain subregion-specific molecular and histological analyses showed no deleterious effects of high-salt diet on the level of microglial activation. Moreover, neuroinflammation-related cytokines and chemokines, T cell recruitment or astrogliosis were unaffected by high-salt diet exposure. Behavioral testing showed no effect of diet on motor decline. High-salt diet was not related to the deterioration of neurodegeneration or α-synuclein accumulation in PLP-hαSyn mice.

Conclusions
Here, we demonstrate that high-salt diet does not aggravate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PLP-hαSyn mice. Our findings discard a deleterious pro-neuroinflammatory effect of high-salt diet in multiple system atrophy.
Improved bioethanol productivity through gas flow rate-driven self-cycling fermentation
Authors: Wang Jie , Chae Michael , Bressler David C. , Sauvageau Dominic 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The growth of the cellulosic ethanol industry is currently impeded by high production costs. One possible solution is to improve the performance of fermentation itself, which has great potential to improve the economics of the entire production process. Here, we demonstrated significantly improved productivity through application of an advanced fermentation approach, named self-cycling fermentation (SCF), for cellulosic ethanol production.

Results
The flow rate of outlet gas from the fermenter was used as a real-time monitoring parameter to drive the cycling of the ethanol fermentation process. Then, long-term operation of SCF under anaerobic conditions was improved by the addition of ergosterol and fatty acids, which stabilized operation and reduced fermentation time. Finally, an automated SCF system was successfully operated for 21 cycles, with robust behavior and stable ethanol production. SCF maintained similar ethanol titers to batch operation while significantly reducing fermentation and down times. This led to significant improvements in ethanol volumetric productivity (the amount of ethanol produced by a cycle per working volume per cycle time)—ranging from 37.5 to 75.3%, depending on the cycle number, and in annual ethanol productivity (the amount of ethanol that can be produced each year at large scale)—reaching 75.8 ± 2.9%. Improved flocculation, with potential advantages for biomass removal and reduction in downstream costs, was also observed.

Conclusion
Our successful demonstration of SCF could help reduce production costs for the cellulosic ethanol industry through improved productivity and automated operation.
Temperature and pressure corrections applied to rock thermal conductivity: impact on subsurface temperature prognosis and heat-flow determination in geothermal exploration
Authors: Norden Ben , Förster Andrea , Förster Hans-Jürgen , Fuchs Sven 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecise knowledge of the subsurface thermal field plays a key role in the assessment of geothermal targets. Unfortunately, deep underground temperature data is generally scarce and a matter of research. To achieve first estimates for subsurface temperatures, steady-state conductive thermal modeling is commonly applied. Thereby the rock thermal conductivity is an essential parameter, which is usually determined under ambient laboratory conditions. To arrive with in situ thermal conductivity, the ambient values need to be corrected for in situ temperature and pressure. In this paper, we apply different conversion functions for the correction of thermal conductivity and study the impact on the resultant temperature and heat flow prognoses for a synthetic, upper crustal sedimentary and a magmatic scenario along 2-D geological cross sections. Application of the correction functions results in maximum temperature prognosis uncertainties of about 8 °C and 55 °C at 2 km depth and at 8 km depth, respectively. The effect positively correlates with the magnitude of the basal heat flow used in modeling. In contrast to the heat flow determined at depth, the resulting surface heat flow is only minor affected by the different correction functions applied. In addition, the modeled temperature at depth is strongly dependent on the type and sequence of application of the pressure and temperature correction equations.
Feasibility of Cancer Clinical Trial Enrollment Goals Based on Cancer Incidence
Authors: Tran George , Harker Matthew , Chiswell Karen , Unger Joseph M. , Fleury Mark E. , Hirsch Bradford , Miller Kimberly , d’Almada Philip , Tibbs Sheri , Zafar S. Yousuf 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE More than 20% of US clinical trials fail to accrue sufficiently. Our purpose was to provide a benchmark for better understanding clinical trial enrollment feasibility and to assess relative levels of competition for patients by cancer diagnosis. METHODS The Database for Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov , up to date as of September 3, 2017, was used to identify actively recruiting, interventional oncology trials with US sites. Observational studies were excluded because not all are registered. Trials were categorized through Medical Subject Headings or free-text condition terms and sorted by cancer diagnosis. Trials that included more than one cancer diagnosis were included in the overall cohort but excluded when evaluating enrollment by cancer type. Trial enrollment slot availability was estimated between September 1, 2017, and August 31, 2018. Availability was estimated from total anticipated enrollment and duration, assuming a constant recruitment rate. Estimates for studies with both foreign and domestic sites were then prorated to calculate available enrollment in the United States alone. Ratios of the number of newly diagnosed patients in the United States available per trial slot were estimated using the American Cancer Society cancer incidence estimates for 2017. RESULTS A total of 4,598 interventional oncology trials were identified. Overall, the estimated ratio of newly diagnosed patients available per trial slot was 12.6. Estimated ratios of patients per trial slot for six cancer diagnoses with the highest potential of 12-month US enrollment were as follows: colorectal, 24.7; lung and bronchus, 20.1; prostate, 17.6; breast (female), 13.8; leukemia, 11.6; and brain and other nervous system, 6.0. CONCLUSION For all cancers, successfully accruing trials currently open would require that more than one in every 13 recently diagnosed patients (7.9%) enroll. This ratio and relative difficulty of accrual varies among cancers examined.
Relationship of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference With Risk of New-Onset Proteinuria in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Zhang Zhuxian , Zhou Chun , He Panpan , Nie Jing , Liang Min , Liu Chengzhang , Xu Fanghua , Liao Guangzhou , Zhang Yan , Li Jianping , Wang Binyan , Wang Xiaobin , Huo Yong , Xu Xiping , Qin Xianhui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Context
The association of the combination of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of proteinuria has previously not been comprehensively investigated and results have been inconclusive.

Objective
To examine BMI and WC in relation to new-onset proteinuria in Chinese hypertensive patients.

Design and Setting
Post hoc analysis of the renal substudy of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT).

Patients
10 805 hypertensive patients without proteinuria at baseline.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome was new-onset proteinuria, defined as a urine dipstick protein reading ≥ 1 + at the exit visit, after a median follow-up duration of 4.4 years.

Results
When analyzed separately, increased BMI (≥ 28 kg/m2, quartile 4; odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.72), or increased WC (≥ 91cm for females, quartile 4; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01–1.80; and ≥ 79 cm for males, quartile 2–4; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.03–2.50) were each significantly associated with higher risk of new-onset proteinuria. When analyzed jointly, participants without increased BMI and increased WC had the lowest risk, while those with both increased BMI and increased WC had the highest risk of proteinuria (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.21–2.13). Notably, participants with only increased WC also had significantly increased risk of proteinuria (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.04–1.85).

Conclusion
In Chinese hypertensive patients, increased BMI and increased WC were individually and jointly associated with a higher risk of new-onset proteinuria, underscoring the value of monitoring both BMI and WC in assessing proteinuria risk.
Pectin-Alginate Does Not Further Enhance Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation in Running
Authors: BARBER JAMES F. P. , THOMAS JOEL , NARANG BEN , HENGIST AARON , BETTS JAMES A. , WALLIS GARETH A. , GONZALEZ JAVIER T. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeMaximizing carbohydrate availability is important for many endurance events. Combining pectin and sodium alginate with ingested maltodextrin–fructose (MAL + FRU + PEC + ALG) has been suggested to enhance carbohydrate delivery via hydrogel formation, but the influence on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation remains unknown. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of MAL + FRU + PEC + ALG on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during exercise compared with a maltodextrin–fructose mixture (MAL + FRU). MAL + FRU has been well established to increase exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during cycling compared with glucose-based carbohydrates (MAL + GLU). However, much evidence focuses on cycling, and direct evidence in running is lacking. Therefore, a secondary aim was to compare exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates with MAL + FRU versus MAL + GLU during running.MethodsNine trained runners completed two trials (MAL + FRU and MAL + FRU + PEC + ALG) in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. A subset (n= 7) also completed a MAL + GLU trial to address the secondary aim, and a water trial to establish background expired13CO2enrichment. Participants ran at 60% V˙O2peak for 120 min while ingesting either water only or carbohydrate solutions at a rate of 1.5 g carbohydrate per minute.ResultsAt the end of 120 min of exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were 0.9 (SD 0.5) g·min−1with MAL + GLU ingestion. MAL + FRU ingestion increased exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates to 1.1 (SD 0.3) g·min−1(P= 0.038), with no further increase with MAL + FRU + PEC + ALG ingestion (1.1 (SD 0.3) g·min−1;P= 1.0). No time–treatment interaction effects were observed for plasma glucose, lactate, insulin, or nonesterified fatty acids, or for ratings of perceived exertion or gastrointestinal symptoms (all,P> 0.05).ConclusionTo maximize exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during moderate-intensity running, athletes may benefit from consuming glucose(polymer)–fructose mixtures over glucose-based carbohydrates alone, but the addition of pectin and sodium alginate offers no further benefit.
Neck and Inspiratory Muscle Recruitment during Inspiratory Loading and Neck Flexion
Authors: DERBAKOVA ANASTASIA , KHUU STEVEN , HO KEVIN , LEWIS CHANTELLE , MA TIMOTHY , MELO LUANA T. , ZABJEK KARL F. , GOLIGHER EWAN C. , BROCHARD LAURENT , FREGONEZI GUILHERME , REID W. DARLENE 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to compare muscle activation of the diaphragm (DIA), scalenes (SA), parasternal intercostals (PS), and sternomastoid (SM) during submaximal intermittent neck flexion (INF) versus submaximal inspiratory threshold loading (ITL) until task failure in healthy adults.

Methods
Twelve healthy adults performed submaximal ITL or INF tests in random order for 2 d. Surface electromyography was monitored to acquire root mean square (RMS) and median power frequency (MPF) from the SA, PS, SM, and DIA. Maximal inspiratory pressures and maximal voluntary contraction for neck flexion were determined. Next, participants performed the first submaximal test—ITL or INF—targeting 50% ± 5% of the maximal inspiratory pressure or maximal voluntary contraction, respectively, until task failure. After a rest, they performed the other test until task failure. Two days later, they performed ITL and INF but in the opposite order. The Borg scale assessed breathlessness and perceived exertion.

Results
Endurance times for ITL and INF were 38.1 and 26.3 min, respectively. INF activated three of four inspiratory muscles at higher average RMS (PS, SM, and SA) and at different MPF (PS, SM, and DIA but not SA) compared with ITL. During ITL, RMS did not change in the four inspiratory muscles over time, but MPF decreased in PS, SM, and SA (P < 0.04). In contrast, RMS increased in three of four inspiratory muscles (SM, PS, and SA) during INF, but MPF did not change throughout its duration. Borg rating was 3.9-fold greater than ITL compared with INF.

Conclusion
At a similar percentage of maximal load, INF evokes greater activation of primary muscles of inspiration (PS and SA) and a major accessory muscle of inspiration (SM) compared with ITL during a prolonged submaximal protocol.
High-Intensity Training and Saffron: Effects on Breast Cancer–related Gene Expression
Authors: NEZAMDOOST ZEYNAB , SAGHEBJOO MARZIYEH , HOSHYAR REYHANE , HEDAYATI MEHDI , KESKA ANNA 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Exercise training and some herbal components have an anticancer function and can suppress tumor growth. However, the role of these protective factors in altering breast cancer–related gene expression is still unknown. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of 4 wk of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract (SAE) on Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and p53 gene expression in female mice breast tumor tissue induced by 4T1 cell line.

Methods
This study was performed on female BALB/c mice. The 4T1 breast cancer cells were subcutaneously implanted, and mice were randomly sorted into the following groups: control, HIIT, SAE, HIIT + SAE (n = 10 mice per group), and sham (n = 4 mice per group). Mice were sacrificed at the end of the intervention period, and the expression of SIRT-1, hTERT, and p53 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The mRNA level of SIRT1 was increased in the HIIT + SAE group compared with the HIIT and control groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, the amount of mRNA of p53 was increased after a 4-wk HIIT compared with the control and HIIT + SAE groups in tumor tissue (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). No change was found in the mRNA expression of hTERT between groups (P = 0.92).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that HIIT may reduce tumor burden through the upregulation of p53 associated with tumor suppression pathway. In contrast, the combination of HIIT and SAE did not alter p53 and SIRT1 expression levels and may suppress tumor growth by other mechanisms.
Activity Accumulation and Cardiometabolic Risk in Youth: A Latent Profile Approach
Authors: VERSWIJVEREN SIMONE J. J. M. , LAMB KAREN E. , LEECH REBECCA M. , SALMON JO , TIMPERIO ANNA , TELFORD ROHAN M. , MCNARRY MELITTA A. , MACKINTOSH KELLY A. , DALY ROBIN M. , DUNSTAN DAVID W. , HUME CLARE , CERIN ESTER , OLIVE LISA S. , RIDGERS NICOLA D. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This cross-sectional study aimed to i) identify and characterize youth according to distinct physical activity (PA) and sedentary (SED) accumulation patterns, and ii) investigate associations of these derived patterns with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods
ActiGraph accelerometer data from 7- to 13-yr-olds from two studies were pooled (n = 1219; 843 (69%) with valid accelerometry included in analysis). Time accumulated in ≥5- and ≥10-min SED bouts, ≥1- and ≥5-min bouts of light, and ≥1-min bouts of moderate and vigorous PA was calculated. Frequency of breaks in SED was also obtained. Latent profile analysis was used to identify groups of participants based on their distinct accumulation patterns. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test associations of group accumulation patterns with cardiometabolic risk factors, including adiposity indicators, blood pressure, and lipids. Total PA and SED time were also compared between groups.

Results
Three distinct groups were identified: “prolonged sitters” had the most time in sustained SED bouts and the least time in vigorous PA bouts; “breakers” had the highest frequency of SED breaks and lowest engagement in sustained bouts across most PA intensities; and “prolonged movers” had the least time accumulated in SED bouts and the most in PA bouts across most intensities. Although breakers engaged in less time in PA bouts compared with other groups, they had the healthiest adiposity indicators. No associations with the remaining cardiometabolic risk factors were found.

Conclusion
Youth accumulate their daily activity in three distinct patterns (prolonged sitters, breakers, and prolonger movers), with those breaking up sitting and least time in prolonged PA bouts across the day having a lower adiposity risk. No relationships with other cardiometabolic risk factors were identified.