bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undoing “the vernacular”: Dismantling structures of raciolinguistic supremacy
Authors: Rajendran Shyama 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article argues that medieval literary studies must critically reexamine the deployment of the term “vernacular” in its usage concerning late Middle English writing. The term “vernacular” is used to reify and institutionalize the idea of the “standard language,” a concept that emerged in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries alongside “monolingualism” and “nationalism,” in order to promote cultural homogeneity and a sense of linguistic wholeness for languages such as English; in turn, non‐English (and other non‐European) languages became “vernaculars” within structures of linguistic supremacy designed to discount the languages of the peoples and places that England colonized and enslaved. By historiographically unpacking where our understandings of “vernacular” languages come from, I chart the ways in which defining “vernacular” languages is intrinsic to the making of race in asserting the inferiority of “vernaculars” as inherent to the supposed inferiority of peoples during the nineteenth century through our contemporary moment and reread moments of “language making” in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Man of Law's Tale, drawing from sociolinguistics in order to offer alternative vocabularies to “vernacular.”
Sectarian identity and national identity in the Middle East
Authors: Haddad Fanar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article looks at modern sectarian (here referring to Sunni/Shi'a) identities and their interaction with nationalism in the Middle East. In doing so I make three interrelated claims: 1) the term ‘sectarianism’ is distortive and analytically counterproductive. A better understanding of modern sectarian identity requires us to jettison the term. 2) Once discarded, our focus can then shift to sectarian identity: how it is constructed, perceived, utilized and so forth. A holistic understanding of sectarian identity must recognize the multiple fields upon which it is constructed and contested. The model adopted here frames sectarian identity as simultaneously operating on four fields: doctrinal, subnational, transnational and, crucially for our purposes, the national dimension. 3) Thirdly, this article challenges the assumptions regarding national and sectarian identities in the modern Middle East. Contrary to conventional wisdom, modern sectarian identities are deeply embedded in the prism of the nation‐state and are inextricably linked to nationalism and national identity. The article will rely primarily on the example of modern Iraq but, as will be seen, the Iraqi example is significantly echoed in the cases of Bahrain, Syria and Lebanon.
Identity and state formation in multi‐sectarian societies: Between nationalism and sectarianism in Syria
Authors: Hinnebusch Raymond 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe relation between state formation and identity in MENA multi‐sectarian societies is examined, taking Syria as a case study. The paper looks at the impact of the mix of sectarianism and nationalism on the formation of state institutions and the impact of the latter on this mix. The flawed export of the Westphalian state system to MENA established the structural context—multiple identities, hybrid states—wherein the two identities compete, overlap, and coexist. Next, the factors that explain varying identity patterns in MENA are surveyed and their likely consequences for state formation; then, reversing the analysis, the impact of state formation and state institutions on the nationalism–sectarianism balance is examined. The Syrian case is briefly discussed in order to illustrate the argument, looking at three periods when the identity balance interacted differently with state formation: pre‐Ba'thist Syria when nationalism eclipsed sectarianism; Ba'thist Syria (1970‐2000) when patrimonial instrumentalization of sectarianism was compensated for by inclusive bureaucratic institutions, populist policies, and nationalist ideology; neo‐liberal Syria under Bashar al‐Asad (2000‐2010) when inclusion shrank, reanimating sectarianism; and civil war Syria (2010‐) when partial state failure fostered exclusionary militant sectarianism at the expense of nationalism.
Self‐care as care left undone? The ethics of the self‐care agenda in contemporary healthcare policy
Authors: Greaney Anna‐Marie , Flaherty Sinead 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelf‐care, or self‐management, is presented in healthcare policy as a precursor to patient empowerment and improved patient outcomes. Alternatively, critiques of the self‐care agenda suggest that it represents an over‐reliance on individual autonomy and responsibility, without adequate support, whereby ‘self‐care’ is potentially unachievable and becomes ‘care left undone’. In this sense, self‐care contributes to a blame culture where ill‐health is attributed to personal behaviours or lack thereof. Furthermore, self‐care may represent a covert form of rationing, as the fiscal means to enable effective self‐care and supplement, or replace, self‐care capacities, is not provided. This paper explores these arguments through a contemporary ethical analysis of the self‐care agenda. The terms self‐care and self‐management are used interchangeably throughout whereby self‐management is understood as a point in the wider self‐care continuum.
Optimal diameter of the pulmonary vein ostium for second‐generation 28‐mm cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kurokawa Sayaka , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ryuta , Arai Masaru , Wakamatsu Yuji , Otsuka Naoto , Yagyu Seina , Nakai Toshiko , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLarge pulmonary veins (PVs) have the risk of excessive cooling when the cryoballoon is moved into them, whereas smaller PVs may not be isolated because of insufficient balloon‐tissue contact. We previously reported that the effective nadir balloon temperature (NBT) was <− 44°C for predicting early PV reconnections. However, the ideal PV and left atrial (LA) diameters for cooling temperatures during cryoballoon ablation (CBA) are unknown.MethodsWe measured the PV ostium (PVos) and LA diameters on computed tomography images in 71 atrial fibrillation patients who underwent a 28‐mm CBA. We defined −60°C ≤ NBT <− 44°C as the optimal NBT. The optimal PVos diameters and elliptical area were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff values for the optimal NBT.ResultsThe maximum PVos diameter (PVmax), minimum PVos diameter (PVmin), and PV elliptical area correlated negatively with the NBT (PVmax: r = −.34, P < .0001; PVmin: r = −.41, P < .0001; PV elliptical area: r = −.41, P < .0001). Based on the NBT‐derived definition, the optimal PVmax, PVmin, and PV elliptical area were 19 < PVmax ≤ 21 mm, 14 < PVmin ≤ 16 mm, and 186.83 < PV elliptical area ≤ 254.34 mm2, respectively. In addition, a positive correlation between the LA longitudinal diameter and NBT was observed in the right superior PV (r = .34, P = .004), and the LA transverse diameter correlated inversely with the NBT in the left inferior PV (r = −.34, P = .004).ConclusionsWe identified the optimal PV diameters and elliptical area to establish the optimal NBT during the second‐generation 28‐mm CBA. These data will help for the preclinical judgment for a successful CBA.
Early experience with erector spinae plane blocks in children
Authors: Holland Erica L. , Bosenberg Adrian T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn erector spinae plane block is a relatively new regional anesthetic technique. Apart from case reports and small series, the literature regarding pediatric use is limited.AimOur objective was to determine the efficacy of the erector spinae plane block in children by measuring the heart rate response to incision. Secondary objectives included feasibility, safety, opioid consumption, and pain scores. Furthermore, we reviewed this block in children published since 2016.Study designCase Series; Level of evidence, IV.MethodsWith Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients who received erector spinae plane block for surgery between October 2017 and May 2019 at a single institution. Blocks were performed under anesthesia, using ultrasound guidance prior to surgical incision. Block details and hemodynamic and analgesic data were collected. In addition, a PubMed literature review was conducted to identify all erector spinae plane block related publications in patients ≤18 years of age.ResultsAbout 164 patients, 2 days‐19.4 years, weighing 2.3‐94.7 kg, received erector spinae plane blocks. For more than 79% of single injection blocks, placement time was ≤10 minutes. Using a heart rate increase of <10% at skin incision as criterion, 70.1% of patients had a successful block. Only 20% required long‐acting opioids intraoperatively. In a subset of infants who underwent gastrostomy surgery using a dose of 0.5 mL/kg, a local anesthetic spread of at least five dermatomes (0.1 mL/kg/dermatome) was achieved. Per the literature review, 33 publications described erector spinae plane block in 128 children. No complications were reported.ConclusionErector spinae plane blocks are relatively easy to perform in children with no complications reported to date. The efficacy of the block for a broad spectrum of surgeries, involving incisions from T1 to L4, is encouraging.
Clinical practice guidelines in pediatric anesthesia: What constitutes high‐quality guidance?
Authors: Olweny Catherine N. , Arnold Philip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe explosion of scientific evidence has outstripped the ability of individual clinicians to acquire, process, and apply it within a clinical context. Clinical practice guidelines bridge the gap between this large body of evidence and clinical practice by translating evidence into recommendations. As such, they are an important extension of the evidence‐based medicine paradigm. Guidelines promise to translate evidence into actionable clinical recommendations. However, this promise can only be realized if they are both useful and trustworthy. As the number of guidelines increases users’ question their role, the quality of the scientific evidence behind them and the strength of the recommendations made. In this article, we provide definitions and outline the features of the common forms of clinical guidance. We then describe the essential characteristics of good quality clinical guidance and outline initiatives aimed at improving quality. Specific issues and limitations related to guideline development in perioperative care of children are discussed. Finally, two clinical guidance documents, published recently in Pediatric Anesthesia, are discussed based upon these criteria.
CmBBX8 accelerates flowering by targeting CmFTL1 directly in summer chrysanthemum
Authors: Wang Lijun , Sun Jing , Ren Liping , Zhou Min , Han Xiaoying , Ding Lian , Zhang Fei , Guan Zhiyong , Fang Weimin , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi , Jiang Jiafu 
Published: December 2019

SummaryFor a flowering plant, the transition from vegetative stage to reproductive growth is probably the most critical developmental switch. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the product of BBX7, group II member of BBX family, acts to delay floral transition. In this study, a presumed chrysanthemum homolog of a second group gene AtBBX8, designated CmBBX8, had been isolated and characterized. The transcription of CmBBX8 followed a diurnal rhythm as the chrysanthemum floral transition regulator. Overexpression of CmBBX8 accelerated flowering, while its (artificial microRNAs) amiR‐enabled knockdown delayed flowering in plants grown under both long‐ and short‐day conditions. Global expression analysis revealed that genes associated with photoperiod were down‐regulated in amiR‐CmBBX8 lines compared with the wild type, which were verified to be up‐regulated in overexpressing lines (OX‐CmBBX8) by RT‐PCR. A number of in vitro assays were used to show that CmBBX8 targets CmFTL1. Furthermore, the function of CmFTL1 as a floral inducer under long‐day conditions was confirmed by the behaviour of engineered summer‐flowering chrysanthemum plants. The conclusion is that the BBX8‐FT regulatory module is an important determinant of reproductive development in summer‐flowering chrysanthemum.
Current situation and comparison of school mental health in ASEAN countries
Authors: Nishio Akihiro , Kakimoto Machi , Bermardo Tempongko Ma. Sandra , Kobayashi Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSchool‐based mental health interventions are considered to have potential for the promotion of mental health in developing countries. We held a workshop to discuss the promotion of mental health in schools in southeast Asian countries. This review report aimed to summarize the current situation of school mental health in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries as reported by their representatives in this workshop. To summarize the current situation of ASEAN countries in relation to school mental health, we qualitatively analyzed the content of the discussions from four perspectives: (i) laws and regulations: (ii) mental health services; (iii) teacher training on mental health; (iv) mental health education for students. With regard to school mental health laws and regulations, this report could not provide clear conclusions because the laws were reported through the personal understanding of the public officers. Our results show that mental health services in schools are centered on professionals such as guidance counselors, although the coverage varied among the different ASEAN countries. Only Singapore conducted mental health training for teachers in a comprehensive way, and the number of people who were actually trained in other countries was very limited. Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand included mental health education for students in health education or life skills subjects.
Theories of whistleblowing
Authors: Ceva Emanuela , Bocchiola Michele 
Published: December 2019

Abstract“Whistleblowing” has entered the scholarly and the public debate as a way of describing the exposure by the member of an organization of episodes of corruption, fraud, or general abuses of power within the organization. We offer a critical survey of the main normative theories of whistleblowing in the current debate in political philosophy, with the illustrative aid of one of the epitomic figures of a whistleblower of our time: Edward Snowden. After conceptually separating whistleblowing from other forms of wrongdoing disclosures, we introduce and discuss two families of normative views of this practice: the “Extrema Ratio” and the “Deontic” views. We show how the two views can be usefully considered in tandem to offer an all‐round assessment of the moral justification of whistleblowing either as an extraordinary individual conscientious act of indictment or as an ordinary dutiful organizational practice of answerability that enables the capacity of self‐correction of an organization.
Local and Systemic Antitumor Effects of Photo‐activatable Paclitaxel Prodrug on Rat Breast Tumor Models
Authors: Subramaniyan Bharathiraja , Rajaputra Pallavi , Nguyen Luong , Li Mengjie , Peer Cody J. , Kindrick Jessica , Figg William D. , Woo Sukyung , You Youngjae 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe demonstrated that a large primary and a small untreated distant breast cancer could be controlled by local treatment with our light‐activatable paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug. We hypothesized that the treated tumor would be damaged by the combinational effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and locally released PTX and that the distant tumor would be suppressed by systemic antitumor effects. Syngeneic rat breast cancer models (single‐ and two‐tumor models) were established on Fischer 344 rats by subcutaneous injection of MAT B III cells. The rats were injected with PTX prodrug (dose: 1 umole kg−1, i.v.), and tumors were treated with illumination using a 690‐nm laser (75 or 140 mW cm−1 for 30 min, cylindrical light diffuser, drug‐light interval [DLI] 9 h). Larger tumors (~16 mm) were effectively ablated (100%) without recurrence for >90 days. All cured rats rejected rechallenged tumor for up to 12 months. In the two‐tumor model, the treatment of the local large tumor (~16 mm) also cured the untreated tumor (4–6 mm) through adaptive immune activation. This is our first demonstration that local treatment with our PTX prodrug produces systemic antitumor effects. Further investigations are warranted to understand mechanisms and optimal conditions to achieve clinically translatable systemic antitumor effects.
Does high‐speed rail connection really promote local economy? Evidence from China’s Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Gao Yanyan , Song Shunfeng , Sun Jun , Zang Leizhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh‐speed rail (HSR) has led to a transportation revolution in China. This paper uses the county‐level panel data of China’s Yangtze River Delta to investigate the effect of HSR connection on local economy. To address the issue of endogenous HSR route placement, we use a straight‐line strategy to construct potential HSR connection variables as instrumental variables of the actual HSR connection. Both the difference‐in‐differences and instrumental variable methods show that HSR connection impedes local economy, especially in peripheral regions. The impediment effect is channeled through population reallocation from peripheral to core areas and the restructuring of industries.
Just Because We Don't See It, Doesn't Mean It's Not There: Everyday Resistance in Psychology
Authors: Rosales Christine , Langhout Regina Day 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article outlines some contentions within conventional Western psychology and across the social sciences to define what counts as legitimate forms of “resistance” amongst members of historically marginalized groups (e.g. people of Color, working class/poor groups) in efforts to push back against injustice and foment social change. Without an expansion of what is understood as resistance, the discipline risks imposing narrow models and reifying deficit narratives about marginalized groups' capacity for resistance. In contexts where overt forms of resistance (e.g. marches), may lead to incarceration, deportation, death, or other egregious punishments, people located in “tight spaces” of oppression may engage in everyday off‐stage practices of resistance that are covert and not observable to those in positions of privilege or who exercise state power. This article encourages psychologists to take a political stance in solidarity with marginalized groups to acknowledge that not all forms of resistance are observable or measurable. This stance can allow psychologists to begin to dismantle deficit narratives of people mistakenly understood as being passive in the face of oppression and instead observe agency, aspirations for change, and resistance.
Multiple features within the syntaxin Sed5p mediate its Golgi localization
Authors: Gao Guanbin , Banfield David K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProtein retention and the transport of proteins and lipids into and out of the Golgi is intimately linked to the biogenesis and homeostasis of this sorting hub of eukaryotic cells. Of particular importance are membrane proteins that mediate membrane fusion events with and within the Golgi—the Soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). In the Golgi of budding yeast cells, the syntaxin SNARE Sed5p oversees membrane fusion events. Determining how Sed5p is localized to and trafficked within the Golgi is critical to informing our understanding of the mechanism(s) of biogenesis and homeostasis of this organelle. Here we establish that the steady‐state localization of Sed5p to the Golgi appears to be primarily conformation‐based relying on intra‐molecular associations between the Habc domain and SNARE‐motif while its tribasic COPI‐coatomer binding motif plays a role in intra‐Golgi retention.
Survival of a dog with accidental colchicine overdose
Authors: Goodman Ingrid Henrietta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the treatment and clinical course of a dog accidentally prescribed 10 times the recommended dose of colchicine (0.3 mg/kg/d instead of 0.03 mg/kg/d).Case SummaryAfter glaucoma surgery, a 1‐year‐old male neutered Pomeranian weighing 6.8 kg was prescribed 1,000 μg colchicine twice a day per os. The dog presented to the emergency department after the first dose with vomiting and was treated as an outpatient. Two colchicine doses later, the dog represented with vomiting, ocular pain, and increased intraocular pressure. The dog's vital signs were normal, and the dog was admitted for rehydration, analgesia, and revision glaucoma surgery the next day. Two hours after revision surgery, the dog developed vomiting and diarrhea. Postoperatively, the dog was hypothermic (36.3°C), persistently hypertensive (227 mm Hg), and bradycardic (60/min). Biochemistry revealed metabolic acidosis and increased hepatic enzyme activities. Mannitol was administered for presumed cerebral edema. Later, the dog developed bradycardia due to second‐degree atrioventricular heart block, which responded to atropine. Total hospitalization was 9 days. Treatment included IV fluids, IV lipid emulsion, N‐acetylcysteine, activated charcoal, gastroprotectants, antiemetics, opioids, antimicrobials, and barrier nursing due to transient neutropenia.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first report to describe the successful treatment of a dog with colchicine overdose. The systemic effects were presumed to be secondary to colchicine toxicosis rather than diet, infection, or other drug reaction, and may have been compounded by a second anesthetic episode. Gastrointestinal signs, symptoms of cerebral edema, cardiac arrhythmias, and neutropenia were documented. One other report of colchicine overdose in a dog exists, and that patient was euthanized. This report demonstrates that complete recovery with intensive care is possible; however, the prognosis remains guarded.