bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of x ratio and Annealing Temperatures on Structural and Optical Properties for (CuO)x(ZnO)1-x Composite Thin Films Prepared by PLD
Authors: Nasir E M , Alias M F A , Mohammed Ali A N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Thin films of (CuO)x(ZnO)1-x composite were prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique and x ratio of 0≤ x ≤ 0.8 on clean corning glass substrate at room temperatures (RT) and annealed at 373 and 473K. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that all prepared films have polycrystalline nature and the phase change from ZnO hexagonal wurtzite to CuO monoclinic structure with increasing x ratio. The deposited films were optically characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The optical measurements showed that (CuO)x(ZnO)1-x films have direct energy gap. The energy band gaps of prepared thin films decreased as x ratio increased, while they increased with increasing annealing temperatures. Also the optical constants such as refractive index, extinction coefficient and dielectric constants have been calculated.
The Impact of Silver: Gold Nanoparticles Ratio on its Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties
Authors: Alias M. F. A. , Rashed KH. M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The rapid development of nanomaterial applications has prompted the researchers to explore the possibility of controlling their properties. In this work, synthesize of silver: gold alloys (Ag: Au) nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in distilled water. Changing the ratio of the used target alloys (Ag: Au) lead to control the band wavelength of the plasmon frequency resonance. Atomic analysis shows decrease in the percentage of gold than its initial values using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The absorption spectrum illustrates the plasmon peaks in the visible range changes from 404 nm to 524 nm by changing the ratio of Ag: Au from 100:0 to 0:100 using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The scanning electron microscopy indicates a change in the size of the NPs and achieves regular volume, especially for 50:50 ratios.
Preparation and characterization of equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy
Authors: Mohammed M A , Aljubouri A A , Mohammed S H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the vacuum induction melting of equiatomic NiTi (Ni 50 at. %, Ti 50at. %) shape memory alloy using graphite crucible. The cast alloy heat-treated at 865° C for 15 mints, followed by quenching the sample in icy water. The microstructure and micro hardness of alloy were investigated before and after heat treatment by using an optical microscope and Vickers micro hardness tester. Transformation temperatures upon heating/cooling were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) supported with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were carried out to investigate the chemical composition and the phases present in the alloy after heat treatment. The results show that the vacuum induction melting process in a graphite crucible provides binary NiTi shape memory alloys with good chemical homogeneity. The microstructure becomes more homogenous and the Vickers’s micro hardness increases from 186.06 to 238.74 after heat treatment with highly controlling on the composition of the alloy. The DSC curve shows that the R- phase exists upon the heating and cooling process. In addition the precipitate phase Ti2Ni was also exist.
Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Measuring Vegetation Cover Change from Satellite Imagery in Mosul City, North of Iraq
Authors: Allawai M. F. , Ahmed B. A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study is the assessment of changes in the land cover within Mosul City in the north of Iraq using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques during the period (2014-2018). Satellite images of the Landsat 8 on this period have been selected to classify images in order to measure normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to assess land cover changes within Mosul City. The results indicated that the vegetative distribution ratio in 2014 is 4.98% of the total area under study, decreased to 4.77% in 2015 and then decreased to 4.54 % in 2016, after then decreased to 3,59% in 2017,then increased to 4.39% in 2018. Land cover change of the area was identified using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) technique. Highest NDVI value was found in 2015 (6.26%) which denotes presence of moderate-high vegetation cover at that time period. After 2015, highest NDVI value was found following a decreasing trend (6.05% in 2016 and 5.96% in 2018) which clearly represents the vegetation cover change in the study area, also Green Normalized. Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) is studied in this paper. Statistical properties for NDVI and GNDVI were illustrated has been computed. From the results of this study one can clearly notice that there are the spatial variation in the vegetal cover from 2014 to 2018 in Mosul city, north of Iraq.
Effect of sintering temperature on superconducting properties of Bi2Pb2Sr2Ca2Cu3-xCoxO10+δ system
Authors: Jassim A K , Abbas M M , Hussien A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bi2Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3-xCoxO10+δ high temperature superconductors with x=0, 0.2 and 0.4 were prepared by a solid state reaction method. The samples properties have been investigated structurally by X-ray diffraction and morphologically by scanning electron microscopy. Structural analysis showed that two superconducting phases coexist in the samples high temperature Bi-2223 and low-temperature phase 2212 with orthorhombic structure for all samples. Four point probe method was used to study the electrical properties of the samples and all of them showed superconductivity behavior. The transition temperature increases with the increasing Co concentration and sintering temperature. Bi2Pb0.3Sr2Ca2Cu3-xCoxO10+δ superconductor sintered at 130 0C shows highest critical temperature 114 K.
Calculation Some Atomic Properties For Three and Four Electron Systems by Using Hartree- Fock Method
Authors: Hussien Wasan A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper many physical properties evaluated like two particles radial density distribution function D (r1, r2), one-particle radial density distribution function D) (r1) has been evaluated by using Hartree-Fock type wave function for three and four electron systems (Li, Li−1, Be, Be+1, B+2) and the inter particle expectation values 〈r〉 has been evaluated too. Also it was calculation the expectation values for all energies 〈Ven〉, 〈Vee〉, 〈V〉, 〈T〉 and 〈EHF〉. All the results and the behaviors obtained in this work have been discussed, interpreted and compared with those previously obtained. It was found that the maximum of one-particle density distribution is shifting to the origin by increasing the atomic number (Z), due to the attraction forces between the nucleus and the electron clouds, As atomic number is Z increase, all the total energies are increases because the increasing nuclear charge effect. The results also indicate that attraction energy expectation values 〈Ven〉 are larger than the repulsion energy expectation value 〈Vee〉.
Anomalies in the magnetic properties of some terbium-yttrium iron garnets at low temperatures
Authors: Lahoubi M , Boutaba A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This work is aimed to study the influence of the replacement of the magnetic cations Tb3+ by diamagnetic cations Y3+ on the low-temperature point’, TB predicted by Belov for ferrimagnets with and without magnetic compensation point, Tcomp. Isothermal magnetizations, MT(H) are carried out on single crystals of two mixed terbium-yttrium ferrite garnets TbxY3-xFe5O12 (x = 1.98 and 0.37). The measurements are performed using DC magnetic field, H up to 80 kOe applied along the <111> and <100> crystallographic directions in the 1.5-300 temperature range. From the approximation to the second order of H, the expansion of MT(H) is analyzed on the basis of the T-dependences of the spontaneous magnetization, MS, the paraprocess magnetic susceptibility, χp and the parameter, |b| of the bH2 term. The manifestation of ferromagnetic-and antiferromagnetic-type low-temperature paraprocess and other concomitant effects is observed in the temperature dependences of the derivative, dMS/dT where MS exhibits Néel’s-type curves, i.e., N-type with Tcomp = 137 K for x = 1.98 and P-type without a Tcomp point for x = 0.37). It was established that low-T anomalies appear in the area of TB = 58 K reported before for the pure TbIG. The results obtained for x = 0.37 in the case of the free sphere show that |b| undergo changes at TSR1 = 40 K, TSR2 = 140 K, and TSR3 = 232 K. Thus, we suggest that as T increase, the previous spin reorientation phase transition occurs in a wide T-range, (40-232 K) from the easy axis of magnetization <100> via stable and intermediate low-symmetry angular phases <uuw> towards the high symmetry phase <111>.
Comparison Study of Some Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites usinguncarbonized Orange peel and Carbonized Orange peel
Authors: Hameed H K , Jassim W H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Inthis investigation the epoxy was reinforced by orange peel and carbonized orange peel particles with percentages (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight).Mechanical tests like:Tensile, flexural,Hardness, impact and compression were carried out on these natural epoxy composites. The results showed the tensile strength have a higher value by adding (15% by weight )of orange peel and carbonized orange peel particles to epoxy,while the value (10% by weight ) of addition is suitable to get improvement in the other mechanical properties as flexural strength, Hardness, impact and compressive strength. The epoxy / carbonized orange peel powder have the best valuesin all mechanical properties than that of epoxy/orange peel powder.
Effect Annealing Temperature on the Physical Properties of Cadmium Sulphide thin Films Deposited by using Thermal Evaporation Technique
Authors: Mohammed Jumaa , Abbas Jasim M. , Mustafa Falah I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study measured some of the structural, electrical and optical properties of cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films with thickness of 150 nm deposited on glass substrate by using thermal evaporation system under vacuum pressure 1x10−5mbar. X-ray diffraction technology was used to analyses the structural properties of the CdS films. Results showed that the CdS films type cube polycrystalline structure and the preferred growth path was [111].In evaluating DC conductivity, we observed two mechanism of activation energy. In the measuring Hall effect shows that the electrical conductivity of the CdS films is negative carriers (n-type). The result of the (AFM) measurements showed that the grain size and average roughness increased with annealing temperature increased. In optical properties it were found that transmittance 80% at RT that decreases with increasing annealing temperature. It also found that absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient and refraction index increased with increasing annealing temperature. Optical energy gap were found decreased with increasing annealing temperature as (RT, 150 and 300 C°) the results (2.4, 2.38 and 2.32 eV) respectively. The results electrical properties showed that the CdS thin films had two activation energy and Hall effect were found that the mobility increase with increasing annealing temperature.
Innovative design solution for a blockade immobilizing long-barrel Mauser-type and related firearms
Authors: Dziubek I T , Kołodziej A , Talaśka K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the design characteristics of a blockade immobilizing long-barrel Mauser-type and related firearms. The main functional feature of the blockade is securing the weapon from unauthorized use. This stems from the legal regulations that require each owner to secure the weapon from access by unauthorized persons. The design solution presented in this work, together with the assembly and disassembly kit, as well as the method of activation and deactivation are protected by patents: PL 230049, PL 229706 and PL 229807. The design features of the individual elements of the blockade, through which the entire assembly obtains its expected functionality, have been defined. The influence of changes in the selected geometric parameters of the main elements on the efficiency of the blockade is presented. The presented results of design work confirm the effectiveness and reliability of the presented weapon blockade.
The impact of support points during the measurement of machine tool bodies on Coordinate Measuring Machines
Authors: Michalski R , Kwiatkowski R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article concern on the considerations regarding the influence of support points during measurement using coordinate measuring technique. The object of research, slide of the X axis of a five-axis numerically controlled machine CMX 70U from the portfolio of DMG MORI, produced at FAMOT Pleszew Sp. z o.o., set on the coordinate table of the measuring machine, using three- and four-point fixing. The aim of the research is to determine the optimal method of supporting the bodies, which in effect will reduce the measurement time and increase the efficiency of the process. The MES analysis available in the Creo software was used to calculate and graphically present the results.
Experimental research of the thermoplastic belt plasticizing process in the hot plate welding
Authors: Wałęsa K , Malujda I , Wilczyński D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Most of the industrial machines use belt transmission for power transfer. These mechanisms often use the round belts with a few millimeters in diameter, which are made of thermoplastic elastomers, especially polyurethane. Their production process requires the bonding step, which is often performed via butt welding, using the hot plate. One of the most important parameters which describe this bonding phenomenon is plasticized distance. Identifying its value is necessary to predict the length reduction ratio of the belt during welding, and in consequence to evaluate the joint quality. To predict the quantity of plasticized material, which depends on a lot of process parameters, the physical model of plasticizing process should be designated. The experimental research of this phenomenon is helpful to estimate value of force which is necessary to perform plasticizing, and show the typical problems during this process. The paper presents the results of the round drive belts plasticizing attempts, for different diameters of the belt, which were performed using the strength test station and heating device. In conclusion of the paper, there is the correlation between plasticizing force, velocity and distance.
Multifactor analysis of experiment parameters on the example of the biomass cutting process
Authors: Wilczyński D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a multifaceted analysis of variance of the biomass cutting process parameters. First of all, the results of the cutting process were presented as the obtained output based on the change in parameters in the form of knife sharpening angle, knife rake angle and moisture content of cutter material. These parameters constituted input factors for the analysis of their impact on the output value in the form of cutting force and analysis of the impact of each of the factors (parameters) on the interaction between the other factors (parameters). For this purpose, the ANOVA multifactor analysis method implemented in the Design-Expert software was used. The analysis made is an example of showing the impact of particular parameters on the cutting force, but also proves the possibility of limiting the number of experiments, giving the possibility of forecasting (determining) the output for parameter values not taken into account in the experiment. This allows to establish and determine new answers without the need to perform new experiments, but also to plan new, better-oriented goals in the form of finding the right answer value, which would be the value of the cutting force in relation to the discussed experiment.
Assessment of traffic noise for medium heavy vehicles in octave bands
Authors: Bąkowski A , Dekýš V , Radziszewski L , Świetlik P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the analysis results of medium heavy vehicle traffic measurements which were used to simulate the noise measurands. The Cnossos-EU model were used for this purpose. The medium heavy vehicle traffic volume and velocity were recorded by permanent automatic sound and traffic monitoring station. The noise was calculated in octave bands according to the Cnossos-EU model. The results were described using parameters such as the median, average peak level – C90, average background noise level – C10, percentiles C25 and C75. Analyzes carried out for the tested section of the road showed that the traffic of medium heavy vehicles is one of the main source of road noise. It has been shown that maximum values of the equivalent sound level occur for the frequency of f0
= 1 kHz. The positional measures of traffic noise were proposed for data scattering. The dispersion of noise and type A uncertainty of the results were evaluated. It was found that in most cases, the distribution of the tested variable was not normal. It was notice a lack of symmetry between the time distribution of traffic flow of vehicles entering and leaving the city.
Mathematical model of the vehicle initial rectilinear motion during moving uphill
Authors: Bulgakov M , Shuklynov S , Uzhva A , Leontiev D , Verbitskiy V , Amelin M , Volska O 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the article the mathematical model of the vehicle motion with elastic tires, which describes the phases of the initial rectilinear motion on the longitudinal slope of the road is shown. The mathematical model is valid for vehicle with two axles, one of which is driving axel and provided that the stopped vehicle on a slope is kept from rolling only by braking the non-driving axle. The aim of the study is to determine the equations to describe the process of vehicle initial rectilinear motion during moving uphill, which take into account the tires deformation energy on the stationary vehicle braking wheels. The presented equations described in the article are reflect the dynamic state of the stationary vehicle on a slope and the phase of its initial moving off uphill after brining the engine torque through the transmission to the wheels of the drive axle. The system of equations describing the vehicle dynamic behavior after brining torque to the drive wheels takes into account their false slip. The system of equations is obtained from the general dynamic equation in the form of balance of the elementary work of external forces and moments with the absence of external slipping of the driving wheels. The mathematical model of the vehicle initial rectilinear motion on a longitudinal slope of a highway described in the article can be used in theoretical basis for analyzing and synthesizing control algorithms for automatic driver assistance systems during vehicle initial motion.
The fault tree simulation modeling
Authors: Chovanec A , Mikuš P , Breznická A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article explains differences in mathematical and simulation modeling approaches for solving quantitative analysis of the fault tree. With basic knowledge of reliability of complex systems and priorities in determining the phenomenon of component failure that is critical to system failure. It brings a look at fault tree solution based on statistical view and using simulation modeling with variable time step and graphical representation of events.
Topology Optimization of B-pillar with Respect to Mesh Type and Size
Authors: Chval Z , Raz K , Almeida Aguiar Ícaro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the influence of different mesh types and element sizes in topology optimization. Meshes from brick elements, tetrahedral elements and combination of both of them were compared in sizes 20, 10 and 7mm. B-Pillar, structural car component, is used here in order to verify the sensitivity of topology optimization due to these changes. Loading case is considering side force 140 kN. Moreover, different solvers implemented in Siemens NX 12 (RAMP, LINEAR, LATTICE and SIMP) were used to analyse how they influence this particular optimization process. It is obvious that highest number of FEM elements is rapidly improving convergence and optimization results but computational time is increasing.
3D simulations of solidification with liquid phase flow
Authors: Gawronska E , Dyja R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The work discusses issues related to 3D coagulation simulations including liquid phase flow. The approach chosen by the authors is based on the numerical solution of the enthalpy solidification formula and the Navier-Stokes equation, in which the buoyancy force approximation was added. Both of these equations are discretized in space using Finite Element Method, and in both cases time integration utilizes the Theta scheme, which is a generalized form of Euler Backward approach. The presence of the Navier-Stokes equation in the model forces the use of special techniques to ensure the convergence of the solution. From a number of available methods, the method of adding stabilizing elements in the FEM formulation was chosen, i.e. the stabilization formulas PSPG/SUPG (Pressure Stabilized Petrov Galerkin/Streamline Upwind Stabilized Petrov Galerkin). The occurrence of large temperature gradients, however, made it necessary to use the so-called lumped mass matrix in the energy equation. The work presents the results obtained using a model implemented by the authors in the form of a computer program written in C++ programming language. The use of this language and appropriate libraries made it possible to obtain sufficient performance to perform 3D solidification simulations.
FEM analysis of selected construction bodies of the conceptual bike
Authors: Konecki K , Talaśka K , Kołodziej A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The main subject of work is a concept bike featuring a non-standard construction. The classic frame has been replaced with a straight beam. Consequently, there is a much greater stress on some of the components of the bike body. Furthermore, the construction of these body components becomes more complex which calls for the employment of the numerical method of stress calculation. The work involved carrying out a strength analysis for several selected components of the bike body utilizing the finite element method (FEM). The primary object of analysis was the wheel rotation mechanism. The result of the analysis allows to develop an optimized construction, allowing to select the most suitable materials and to determine the appropriate and compact dimensions.
Research of vehicle control informative functioning capacity
Authors: Kuric I , Gorobchenko O , Litikova O , Gritsuk I , Mateichyk V , Bulgakov M , Klackova I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Harmful influence of human factor upon industrial processes and while vehicles running control necessitates to search for ways of its minimizing or total elimination. During the trials of ergatic system “locomotive team – brigade” assessment of informative functioning capacity of machinist is done with experimentally-statistic method. According to the research done the total number of signals that influence on locomotive brigade in process of movement makes approximately 20000 for during one trip, and the number of signals indicating abnormal situation reaches 165 for one trip. In time of train movement the period of signal processing lays at such interval – 0.3c < toc < 11c. It was stated during calculations with given assumptions that informative functioning capacity of a locomotive brigade approaches the threshold values, which constitute 2–4 bps. Received model allows to evaluate parameters of informative functioning capacity on a locomotive brigade in contrast to the information which should be obtained by a machinist in process of taking management decisions. This enables to define the ways of a locomotive brigade informative functioning capacity decrease.