bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss with or without intragastric balloon causes divergent effects on ghrelin cell expression
Authors: Mathus‐Vliegen Elisabeth , Spångeus Anna , Walter Susanna , Ericson Ann‐Charlott 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe mechanism of action of intragastric balloons in the treatment of obesity is not fully understood. One of the hypotheses is that balloons might have an effect on the fundus, the area of ghrelin production.MethodsParticipants were randomized to a 13‐week period of sham or balloon treatment followed by a 13‐week period of balloon therapy in everyone. Blood samples for ghrelin levels were taken in the fasting state and after a breakfast at the start, after 13 and 26 weeks. Biopsies for ghrelin cell immunohistochemistry were taken from the fundus at endoscopy.ResultsSeven participants entered the balloon–balloon (BB) group and 11 the sham–balloon (SB) group. Despite a considerable weight loss, a median −17.9 kg (interquartile ranges −23.8 to −0.5) in the BB group and −18.3 kg (−22.7 to −14.7) in the SB group, fasting ghrelin and meal‐induced ghrelin response did not change. In the SB group, the number of ghrelin cells increased significantly (p 0.001) from 110.6 (83.6–118.9) to 160.2 (128.5–223.0) while on sham treatment and returned to initial levels, 116.3 (91.7–146.9) (p 0.001), when they received their first balloon. No significant changes in ghrelin cell numbers were observed in the BB group.ConclusionIn participants without a balloon, weight loss induced an increase in ghrelin cell numbers in the fundus, which was annulled by the subsequent placement of a balloon. The effect of a balloon might be explained by effects on ghrelin cell numbers or ghrelin cell activity.
Prenatal biochemical diagnosis of two forms of congenital diarrheal disorders (congenital chloride diarrhea and congenital sodium diarrhea): A series of 12 cases
Authors: Macraigne Laure , Allaf Bichr , Buffat Christophe , Spaggiari Emmanuel , Dimitrov Georges , Fabre Alexandre , Rosenblatt Jonathan , Dreux Sophie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveCongenital diarrheal disorders (CDDs) are a group of rare diseases among which some present as inherited disorders of intestinal electrolyte transportation: congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) and congenital sodium diarrhea (CSD) with prenatal manifestations, mainly polyhydramnios, leading to premature delivery. Affected neonates present with watery stools, sometimes mistaken as urine, leading to a misdiagnosis of Bartter syndrome. The aim of this study was to study the value of a prenatal biochemical pattern in the case of suspected CDD.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 12 amniotic fluids of CDD‐affected fetuses prenatally suspected and confirmed after birth. Digestive enzymes, proteins, and electrolytes were assayed and showed abnormal biochemical patterns.ResultsThe 12 infants (eight CCD‐ and four CSD‐affected) were born prematurely with a normal birth weight. Electrolytes and the Bartter index were normal for all cases. Amniotic fluid enzyme patterns were abnormal: anal leakage for nine, as expected, but vomiting of bile was observed for three infants, for whom an occlusive syndrome required surgery, and thereafter severe complications appeared with a poor prognosis.ConclusionAmniotic fluid biochemical patterns differentiate CDD from Bartter syndrome. If a vomiting bile pattern is observed, postnatal management should take into account the hypothesis of a most severe complication.
A network to understand the changing socio‐ecology of the southern African woodlands (SEOSAW): Challenges, benefits, and methods
Authors:   The SEOSAW partnership
Published: December 2020

Societal Impact StatementThe sustainable management of the southern African woodlands is closely linked to the livelihoods of over 150 M people. Findings from the Socio‐Ecological Observatory for the Southern African Woodlands (SEOSAW) will underpin the sustainability of two of the largest industries on the continent: woodfuels and timber. SEOSAW will also improve our understanding of how human use shapes the biogeography and functioning of these ecosystems.SummaryHere we describe a new network of researchers and long‐term,in situ, measurements that will characterize the changing socio‐ecology of the woodlands of southern Africa. These woodlands encompass the largest savanna in the world, but are chronically understudied, with few long‐term measurements.A network of permanent sample plots (PSPs) is required to: (a) address management issues, particularly related to sustainable harvesting for energy and timber; (b) understand how the woodlands are responding to a range of global and local drivers, such as climate change, CO2fertilization, and harvesting; and (c) answer basic questions about biogeography, ecosystem function, and the role humans play in shaping the ecology of the region.We draw on other successful networks of PSPs and adapt their methods to the specific challenges of working in southern African woodlands. In particular we suggest divergences from established forest monitoring protocols that are needed to (a) adapt to a high level of ecosystem structural diversity (from open savanna to dry forest); (b) quantify the chronic disturbances by people, fire, and herbivores; (c) quantify the diversity and function of the understory of grasses, forbs, and shrubs; (d) understand the life histories of resprouting trees; and (e) conduct work in highly utilized, human‐dominated landscapes.We conclude by discussing how the SEOSAW network will integrate with remote sensing and modeling approaches. Throughout, we highlight the challenges inherent to integrating work by forest and savanna ecologists, and the wide range of skills needed to fully understand the socio‐ecology of the southern African woodlands.
Light pollution, sleep deprivation, and infant health at birth
Authors: Argys Laura M. , Averett Susan L. , Yang Muzhe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe conduct the first study to examine the fetal health impact of light pollution based on a direct measure of skyglow, an important aspect of light pollution. Using an empirical regularity discovered in physics (called Walker's law) as an instrumental variable, we address the potential endogeneity problem associated with the skyglow variable. We find evidence of reduced birth weight, shortened gestational length, and increases in preterm births. Specifically, increased nighttime brightness, characterized by being able to see only one‐fourth to one‐third of the stars that are visible in the natural unpolluted night sky, is associated with an increase of 1.48 percentage points in the likelihood of a preterm birth. Our study adds to the literature on the impact of early‐life exposure to pollution, which so far has focused primarily on air pollution. Our study has important policy implications regarding the necessity of minimizing skyglow that is, for example, contributed by streetlights.
Absolute and Relative Gravity Measurements at Volcanoes: Current State and New Developments Under the NEWTON-g Project
Authors: Greco F. , Carbone D. , Cannavò F. , Messina A. A. , Siligato G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGravity changes associated with volcanic processes occur over a wide range of time scales, from minutes to years and with magnitudes between a few and a few hundred microGal. High-precision instruments are needed to detect such small signals and both time-lapse surveys along networks of stations, and continuous measurements at single points, are accomplished. Continuous volcano gravimetry is mostly carried out through relative gravimeters, either superconducting instruments, providing higher quality data, or the more widely used spring meters. On the other hand, time-lapse surveys can be carried out with relative (spring) gravimeters, that measure gravity differences between pairs of stations, or by absolute gravimeters, capable of measuring the absolute value of the gravitational acceleration at the observation point. Here we present the state-of-the-art of terrestrial gravity measurements to monitor and study active volcanoes and the possibilities of new gravimeters that are under development. In particular, we present data from a mini array of three iGrav superconducting gravimeters (SGs) at Mount Etna (the first network of SGs ever installed on an active volcano). A comparison between continuous gravity measurements recorded through the iGrav#016 superconducting gravimeter at Serra La Nave station (1730 m a.s.l.) and absolute gravity data collected with the Microg LaCoste FG5#238 gravimeter in the framework of repeated campaigns is also presented. Furthermore, we introduce the Horizon 2020 NEWTON-g project (New Tools for Terrain Gravimetry), funded under the FET-OPEN Research and Innovation Actions call, Work Programme 2016–2017 (Grant Agreement No 801221). In the framework of this project, we aim to develop a field-compatible gravity imager, including an array of low-costs Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)-based relative gravimeters, anchored on an absolute quantum gravimeter. After the design and production phases, the gravity imager will be field-tested at Mt. Etna (Italy) during the last 2 years of the project.
Machine learning for reconstruction of highly porous structures from FIB-SEM nano-tomographic data
Authors: Fend Chiara , Moghiseh Ali , Redenbach Claudia , Schladitz Katja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReconstruction of highly porous structures from FIB-SEM image stacks is a difficult segmentation task. Supervised machine learning approaches demand large amounts of labeled data for training, that are hard to get in this case. A way to circumvent this problem is to train on simulated images. Here, we report on segmentation results derived by training a convolutional neural network solely on simulated FIB-SEM image stacks of realizations of a variety of stochastic geometry models.
Proposal for requirements on industrial AI solutions
Authors: Hoffmann Martin W , Drath Rainer , Ganz Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rise of artificial intelligence (AI) promises productivity gains in industrial practice. While IT technology offers a variety of technological advances, plant owners strive for stability and robustness of the production process. To overcome this tension field, we propose a set of 16 requirements for the development of industrial AI solutions to foster i) the adaptation process, ii) support the solution engineering and iii) ease the embedding into the existing system landscape while respecting iv) safety aspects to build up v) trust into industrial AI solutions. The proposed requirements can guide industrial stakeholders to focus on the right solution approach for specific production challenges and support them in voicing their own needs towards novel AI solutions. This will help AI developers to speed up time-to-market as well as to increase market acceptance of industrial AI solutions. Overall, specifying requirements on industrial AI will foster the acceptance and utilization rates of AI solutions in industrial practice.
Symmetric spectral synthesis
Authors: Gselmann Eszter , Székelyhidi László 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccording to the famous and pioneering result of Laurent Schwartz, any closed translation invariant linear space of continuous functions on the reals is synthesizable from its exponential monomials. Due to a result of D. I. Gurevič there is no straightforward extension of this result to higher dimensions. Following Székelyhidi (Acta Math Hungar 153(1):120–142, 2017), with the aid of Gelfand pairs and K-spherical functions, K-synthesizability of K-varieties can be described. In this paper we contribute to this direction in the special case when K is the symmetric group of order d.
Deep learning methods for drill wear classification based on images of holes drilled in melamine faced chipboard
Authors: Jegorowa Albina , Kurek Jarosław , Antoniuk Izabella , Dołowa Wioleta , Bukowski Michał , Czarniak Paweł 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a set of improvements made in drill wear recognition algorithm obtained during previous work is presented. Images of the drilled holes made on melamine faced particleboard were used as its input values. During the presented experiments, three classes were recognized: green, yellow and red, which directly correspond to a tool that is in good shape, shape that needs to be confirmed by an operator, and which should be immediately replaced, since its further use in production process can result in losses due to low product quality. During the experiments, and as a direct result of a dialog with a manufacturer it was noted that while overall accuracy is important, it is far more crucial that the used algorithm can properly distinguish red and green classes and make no (or as little as possible) misclassifications between them. The proposed algorithm is based on an ensemble of possibly diverse models, which performed best under the above conditions. The model has relatively high overall accuracy, with close to none misclassifications between indicated classes. Final classification accuracy reached 80.49% for biggest used window, while making only 7 critical errors (misclassifications between red and green classes).
Three dimensional flows beneath a thin layer of 2D turbulence induced by Faraday waves
Authors: Colombi Raffaele , Schlüter Michael , Kameke Alexandra von 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Faraday waves occur on a fluid being subject to vertical shaking. Although it is well known that form and shape of the wave pattern depend on driving amplitude and frequency, only recent studies discovered the existence of a horizontal velocity field at the surface, called Faraday flow. This flow exhibits attributes of two-dimensional turbulence and is replicated in this study. Despite the increasing attention towards the inverse energy flux in the Faraday flow and other not strictly two-dimensional (2D) systems, little is known about the velocity fields developing beneath the fluid surface. In this study, planar velocity fields are measured by means of particle image velocimetry with high spatio-temporal resolution on the water surface and at different depths below it. A sudden drop in velocity and turbulent kinetic energy is observed at half a Faraday wavelength below the surface revealing that the surface flow is the main source of turbulent fluid motion. The flow structures below the surface comprise much larger spatial scales than those on the surface leading to very long-tailed temporal and spatial velocity (auto-) correlation functions. The three-dimensionality of the flow is estimated by the compressibility, which increases strongly with depth while the divergence changes its appearance from intermittent and single events to a large scale pattern resembling 2D cut-planes of convection rolls. Our findings demonstrate that the overall fluid flow beneath the surface is highly three-dimensional and that an inverse cascade and aspects of a confined 2D turbulence can coexist with a three-dimensional flow.

Graphic abstract
Kidney re-transplantation in a child across the barrier of persisting angiotensin II type I receptor antibodies
Authors: Gold Annika , Fichtner Alexander , Choukair Daniela , Schmitt Claus Peter , Süsal Caner , Dragun Duska , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 20% of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) episodes in the absence of donor-specific antibodies against human leucocyte antigens (HLA-DSA) in pediatric and adult kidney transplant recipients are associated with, and presumably caused by, antibodies against the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R-Ab). While the role of AT1R-Ab for ABMR and graft failure is increasingly recognized, there is little information available on the management of these patients for re-transplantation over the barrier of persisting AT1R-Ab.CaseWe report on a male patient with kidney failure in infancy due to obstructive uropathy who had lost his first kidney transplant due to AT1R-Ab-mediated chronic ABMR. Because this antibody persisted during 4 years of hemodialysis, for the 2nd kidney transplantation (living-related transplantation from his mother), he underwent a desensitization regimen consisting of 15 plasmapheresis sessions, infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin G and thymoglobulin, as well as pharmacological blockade of the Angiotensin II (AT II) pathway by candesartan. This intense desensitization regimen transiently decreased elevated AT1R-Ab titers, resulting in stable short-term kidney allograft function. The subsequent clinical course, however, was complicated by acute cellular rejection and chronic ABMR due to persistent AT1R-Ab and de novo HLA-DSA, which shortened allograft survival to a period of only 4 years.ConclusionThis case highlights the difficulty of persistently decreasing elevated AT1R-Ab titers by a desensitization regimen for re-transplantation and the detrimental effect of the interplay between AT1R-Ab and HLA-DSA on kidney transplant survival.
Can cavity-based pedicle screw augmentation decrease screw loosening? A biomechanical in vitro study
Authors: Riesner Hans-Joachim , Blattert Thomas R. , Krezdorn Renate , Schädler Simone , Wilke Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeIn an osteoporotic vertebral body, cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation could possibly be optimized by the creation of an initial cavity. The aim of this study is to compare three test groups with regard to their loosening characteristics under cyclic loading.MethodsEighteen human, osteoporotic spine segments were divided in three groups. Flexibility tests and cyclic loading tests were performed with an internal fixator. The screws were fixed after creation a cavity and with cement (cavity-augmented group), without cavity and with cement (augmented group), and without cavity and without cement(control group). Cyclic loading up to 100,000 cycles was applied with a complex loading protocol. Screw loosening was measured with flexibility tests after implantation and after cyclic loading. Cement distribution was visualized from CT scans.ResultsIn all groups, range of motion increased during cyclic loading, representing significant screw loosening after 100,000 cycles. In both augmented groups, screw loosening was less pronounced than in the control group. The cavity-augmented group showed only a slight tendency of screw loosening, but with smaller variations compared to both other groups. This may be explained with a trend for a more equal and homogeneous cement volume around each tip for the cavity-augmented group.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that creating a cavity may allow a more equal fixation of all pedicle screws with slight reduction of loosening. However, augmentation only through a cannulated screw is almost equivalent, if care is taken that enough cement volume can be pushed out around the tip of the screw.
The influence of a slider gap in the beam–slider structure with an MFC element on energy harvesting from the system: experimental case
Authors: Koszewnik A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA passively self-tuning resonator configuration is presented in this study. Under certain operating conditions, a self-resonating system has the capability to passively adjust dynamical characteristics until the whole system becomes resonant. A clamped–clamped beam with an attached mass sliding along the beam and a slight gap that, under a harmonic input excitation and well-defined operating regime, can lead to the increase in voltage amplitude generated by the piezo-harvester attached to this structure may be an example of such a system. Taking into account such behavior of the system, the paper is focused on determining the distributed-parameters of the electromechanical system versus a different slider position on the beam in modal coordinates. The obtained simulation results, considering the homogenous model of an MFC element for the desired slider locations, showed how the width of the gap between the slider and the beam additionally influences the voltage generated by the piezo-harvester. Experimental tests carried out on the real stand with an EHE301 module and the designed SSHI interface circuit allowed to verify the numerical results and also showed the influence on the resistive load connected to the system for an improvement of the considered energy harvesting system parameters.
Scanning integer points with lex-inequalities: a finite cutting plane algorithm for integer programming with linear objective
Authors: Conforti Michele , De Santis Marianna , Di Summa Marco , Rinaldi Francesco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider the integer points in a unimodular coneKordered by a lexicographic rule defined by a lattice basis. To each integer pointxinKwe associate a family of inequalities (lex-inequalities) that define the convex hull of the integer points inKthat are not lexicographically smaller thanx. The family of lex-inequalities contains the Chvátal–Gomory cuts, but does not contain and is not contained in the family of split cuts. This provides a finite cutting plane method to solve the integer program$$\min \{cx: x\in S\cap \mathbb {Z}^n\}$$min{cx:x∈S∩Zn}, where$$S\subset \mathbb {R}^n$$S⊂Rnis a compact set and$$c\in \mathbb {Z}^n$$c∈Zn. We analyze the number of iterations of our algorithm.
Less Illusion of a Just World in People with Formally Diagnosed Autism and Higher Autistic Traits
Authors: Bertrams Alex 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeople differ in how strongly they believe that, in general, one gets what (s)he deserves (i.e., individual differences in the general belief in a just world). In this study (N = 588; n = 60 with a formal autism diagnosis), whether or not autistic people and those with high autistic traits have a relatively low general belief in a just world is examined. The results revealed the expected relationship between autism/higher autistic traits and a lower general belief in a just world. In a subsample (n = 388), personal belief in a just world, external locus of control, and self-deception mediated this relationship. These findings are discussed in terms of autistic strengths (less biased information processing) and problems (lowered well-being).
The Netherlands Sports Cardiology Map: a step towards sports cardiology network medicine for patient and athlete care
Authors: van Hattum J. C. , Verwijs S. M. , Rienks R. , Bijsterveld N. R. , de Vries S. T. , Pinto Y. M. , Wilde A. A. M. , Jørstad H. T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSports cardiology is a rapidly evolving subspecialty of cardiology, with a growing demand for expertise. To improve patient care, clinicians, patients, and athletes (recreational to elite) should be able to easily identify specialised care pathways, expertise centres and clinicians with sports cardiology expertise. To this purpose, several international societies and organisations recommend establishing a local and national sports cardiology infrastructure. We therefore aimed to establish The Netherlands Sports Cardiology Map. We conducted a web-based survey, which was published on the Netherlands Society of Cardiology home page (2019–2020) and in which each cardiology department or clinic was asked to provide information on sports cardiology expertise and the current infrastructure. Of the 46 respondent centres, 28 (61%) reported that they had expertise in sports cardiology, of which 22 (79%) had specific expertise in one or more specific types of sports. Integrated multidisciplinary meetings were reported by 43% of the centres (n = 12/28). Only two centres reported ongoing research projects that had been approved by an institutional review board. The Netherlands Sports Cardiology Map is an important step towards improving the existing infrastructure and developing network medicine for sports cardiology.