bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid–liquid phase separation of type II diabetes-associated IAPP initiates hydrogelation and aggregation
Authors: Pytowski Lior , Lee Chiu Fan , Foley Alex C. , Vaux David J. , Jean Létitia 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Deposition of some aggregated and misfolded polypeptides (amyloids) is the hallmark of many degenerative diseases. Amyloid assembly is slow, unfavorable, and still poorly understood. Here, we show that liquid–liquid demixing (like oil forming droplets in water) of type II diabetes IAPP amyloid precursors is not dependent on the human amyloidogenic sequence and leads to the formation of a water-filled gel within phase-separated droplets. Both processes then trigger pathological aggregation at the droplet surface, which is modulated by insulin. This localized aggregation propagates to interconnect droplets, leading to a macroscopic meshwork formation with increased local viscosity, eventually percolating the whole system. These processes may be at the heart of the pathology of type II diabetes.
Cooperatively enhanced reactivity and “stabilitaxis” of dissociating oligomeric proteins
Authors: Agudo-Canalejo Jaime , Illien Pierre , Golestanian Ramin 
Published: May 2020

Significance
To gain insight into cellular metabolism, it is important to understand how proteins travel and self-organize within the cell. A characteristic feature of many important proteins is that they are oligomeric complexes, that is, they are composed of a few smaller subunits that can reversibly associate and dissociate. Here, we study the impact of dissociation on protein transport and self-organization. We find that dissociation can help proteins find and react with a target more rapidly, and that dissociating proteins spontaneously accumulate in regions in which they are most stable.
In situ X-ray diffraction of silicate liquids and glasses under dynamic and static compression to megabar pressures
Authors: Morard Guillaume , Hernandez Jean-Alexis , Guarguaglini Marco , Bolis Riccardo , Benuzzi-Mounaix Alessandra , Vinci Tommaso , Fiquet Guillaume , Baron Marzena A. , Shim Sang Heon , Ko Byeongkwan , Gleason Arianna E. , Mao Wendy L. , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Lee Hae Ja , Nagler Bob , Galtier Eric , Sokaras Dimosthenis , Glenzer Siegfried H. , Andrault Denis , Garbarino Gaston , Mezouar Mohamed , Schuster Anja K. , Ravasio Alessandra 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Understanding the structural changes silicate melts undergo over the pressure–temperature range of the Earth’s mantle has been a major, longstanding challenge in the geosciences. Experimental studies are extremely difficult due to required temperatures exceeding 4,000 K needed to melt silicates over megabar pressures. To overcome this issue, laser-driven shock experiments combined with X-ray free-electron lasers were performed to provide nanosecond resolution on silicate structural transformations. By comparison with statically compressed diamond-anvil cell experiments at ambient temperature, a common high-pressure structural evolution of glasses and liquid silicates was revealed. This supports the concept that silicate glasses of dominant mantle composition are suitable structural analogues for the corresponding liquids at these pressures.
Kinetic diversity of amyloid oligomers
Authors: Dear Alexander J. , Michaels Thomas C. T. , Meisl Georg , Klenerman David , Wu Si , Perrett Sarah , Linse Sara , Dobson Christopher M. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Protein oligomers are a fundamental component of amyloidogenic disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, being both critical intermediates in the formation of amyloid fibrils and the most toxic species on the protein aggregation pathway. Here, we derive general analytical expressions for the chemical kinetics of the oligomers generated during amyloid-formation reactions and explain how these may be used to categorize oligomers according to their basic physicochemical properties. By applying this framework to experimental kinetic data on the aggregation of a wide range of amyloidogenic proteins, we are able to determine features common to all amyloid oligomers. In particular, most are not capable of rapid growth by monomer addition, and most dissociate rather than mature into fibrils.
Discussing humanist education in the vernacular
Authors: Crocco Claudia , Katinis Teodoro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article contributes to the study of the relationship between Latin and Tuscan vernacular in the 16th century.
We examine a set of almost neglected grammatical works (the Concetti, Supplimento, and Il
grammatico) published between 1557 and 1567, and related to the Italian humanist Aonio Paleario. We adopt
both a linguistic and literary approach to shed light particularly on the humanistic perspectives on language education and
proficiency. After presenting a brief outline of the content of the three works and their problematic authorship, we focus on the
dialogue Il grammatico. We conclude that, within the discussion on method for teaching Latin, the dialogue
defines the humanist as the guardian of the best language for both Latin and vernacular.
El espíritu de la colmena
Authors: Rodero Jesús 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAll the main characters inThe Spirit of the Beehiveshow some type of connection with marginality and survival. They are either at the margins of social convention or survivors of harrowing particular historical events (Spanish Civil War). This connection reveals itself in a conspicuous and distinct fashion through the monster figure. This article intends to highlight the centrality of the concept of monstrosity in the film as well as emphasize the socio-political significance of these manifestations of the monster. It is, therefore, a reading of the monster figure in Erice’s film as a political and social agent both in the specific context at the outset of Franco’s dictatorship and in the more abstract context of the challenging of power structures.
Physiology and genetics of heat stress in cattle.
Authors: McManus C.M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Climatic variables can trigger physiological, biochemical, hematological, and hormonal alterations that influence the maintenance of homeothermy and can affect production and productivity in cattle. An understanding of pathways leading to resistance/tolerance in cattle is necessary, so that the impact of these changes can be mitigated. Particularly, heat stress (HS) has complex effects on the physiology and genetics of production characteristics in animals, thereby making the use of genomic information to select thermotolerant animals difficult. This review looks at physical, physiological, molecular, and genetic aspects of heat tolerance in cattle and the interrelationship between them.
Agricultural waste management for horticulture revolution in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Paul K. Baiyeri , Ugese D. Felix , Obalum E. Sunday , Nwobodo Cynthia E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAgricultural activities, which basically involve the production of raw produce and subsequent value addition normally, generate substantial waste, which could be in solid, liquid or gaseous forms. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the disposal of these wastes, which come from a myriad of sources or agricultural activities, constitutes a huge challenge. Even though these wastes are economically viable when properly managed by conversion to organic fertilizer and eventual use in crop production, they often exert hazardous effect on the environment due to improper disposal or management. Properly managed wastes deployed in conservation agriculture could enhance ecological balance and ensure sustainable crop production system intensification leading to elevated levels and quality of yield. Positive utilization of these wastes holds great prospects for SSA, which is characterized by accelerated population growth that puts undue pressure on available land, declining soil fertility and crop yield as well as high rate of youth unemployment. Horticulture essentially involves intensive cultivation of specialty crop (fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, seedlings) and, thus, often pays special attention to soil fertility management. The crops are largely grown under protected environments (modified or controlled environments), consequently, requiring among other variables high soil/substrates fertility. Organic manure generated from agricultural wastes is a putative source of good-quality and cheap nutrients for optimum crop performance. Converting large volume of available agricultural wastes in SSA to organic manure for horticultural field production and/or to organic substrates for protected crop production and commercial nursery will revolutionize horticultural industry in the subregion. This review explores the various types of agricultural wastes generated in SSA, their possible or potential utility in the horticulture industry and advocates their proper management and utilization in horticulture to enhance environmental quality, increase crop yield and quality and improve economies and livelihoods across SSA.
Quantification of anticipation of excitement with a three-axial model of emotion with EEG
Authors: Machizawa Maro G , Lisi Giuseppe , Kanayama Noriaki , Mizuochi Ryohei , Makita Kai , Sasaoka Takafumi , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective. Multiple facets of human emotion underlie diverse and sparse neural mechanisms. Among the many existing models of emotion, the two-dimensional circumplex model of emotion is an important theory. The use of the circumplex model allows us to model variable aspects of emotion; however, such momentary expressions of one’s internal mental state still lacks a notion of the third dimension of time. Here, we report an exploratory attempt to build a three-axis model of human emotion to model our sense of anticipatory excitement, ‘Waku-Waku’ (in Japanese), in which people predictively code upcoming emotional events. Approach. Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from 28 young adult participants while they mentalized upcoming emotional pictures. Three auditory tones were used as indicative cues, predicting the likelihood of the valence of an upcoming picture: positive, negative, or unknown. While seeing an image, the participants judged its emotional valence during the task and subsequently rated their subjective experiences on valence, arousal, expectation, and Waku-Waku immediately after the experiment. The collected EEG data were then analyzed to identify contributory neural signatures for each of the three axes. Main results. A three-axis model was built to quantify Waku-Waku. As expected, this model revealed the considerable contribution of the third dimension over the classical two-dimensional model. Distinctive EEG components were identified. Furthermore, a novel brain-emotion interface was proposed and validated within the scope of limitations. Significance. The proposed notion may shed new light on the theories of emotion and support multiplex dimensions of emotion. With the introduction of the cognitive domain for a brain-computer interface, we propose a novel brain-emotion interface. Limitations of the study and potential applications of this interface are discussed.
Feed and animal nutrition: insect as animal feed
Authors: Dewi Apri Astuti , Komalasari Kokom 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the last ten years, insects have been widely recognized for food and feed. Many studies using insects (Black soldier fly, cricket and silkworm pupae) as feed to explore their nutritional value and apply it in some animal rations as an alternative source of protein and fat. Data showed that Black soldier fly (BSF) has high protein and fat, especially lauric acid which potential as an antibacterial pathogen. In vitro study showed that BSF extracted could phagocyte 99% of pathogen bacteria such as E coli and S aureus. Meanwhile, cricket has also high fat and protein, including glutamic acid for brain development, and mineral Fe has to support hemoglobin synthesis. Silkworm pupae contain 67.48% of unsaturated fatty acid with linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3) which very good as a steroid hormone precursor. Application insects to substitute imported ingredients (Casein, fish, meat bone, and soybean meal) in poultry diets resulted in a good performance and the animal still healthy with low mortality. The BSF and cricket meal as part of milk replacer could produce ADG of pre-weaning goat/sheep around 100-120 g/h/d, meanwhile if those ingredients are used as part of creep feed, the daily gain of post-weaning goat/sheep could be more than 150 g/h/d. Application of silkworm meal as a substitute for the fish meal could improve egg quality and quantity of laying quail. It was concluded that insects have the potential to be used as a protein source in the poultry and pre-weaning small ruminant rations without any negative effect on the animal.
Production and reproduction performances of Bali cattle in Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia
Authors: Saili Takdir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Bali cattle is predominant cattle breed raised by smallholder farmer who lives in villages across Southeast Sulawesi region. Besides keeping Bali cattle, they also grow various crops for supporting their livelihood, so they are not really the livestock farmer. However, the existence of Bali cattle for farmers has been a main pillar of the family economy when they need a lot of cash either for the educational needs of children or ceremonial events of religion and culture. Cattle production management in Southeast Sulawesi is quite diverse because it depends on the habit of the farmer. In transmigration settlements, Bali cattle are generally kept by farmer in a semi-intensive system and some even kept intensively, especially for fattening purposes. Whereas in local community settlements (indigenous people), cattle are generally kept extensively or semi-intensively. The smallholder farmer kept cattle on a small scale (2 - 5 heads/household, on average). However, in areas with extensive management systems (natural ranch), they can even keep a hundred cattle per farmer. According to livestock statistical data, beef cattle population in Southeast Sulawesi increased about 15% per year during 2013-2017 but it decreased about 19% during 2017-2018. However, the preliminary data in 2019 cattle population in Southeast Sulawesi increased again about 41%. Bali cattle breed is about ±95% (90%-99%) of beef cattle population in Southeast Sulawesi. The other cattle breeds were crossbreed between Bali cattle and Limousine, Simmental, Brahman Cross or Ongole Cross. Based on cattle population data (December 2018), the cow population is more than bull population. The fertility of Bali cow are diverse with calving interval ranged between 1-3 years because of several factors such as bull availability, nutrition, poor understanding of estrus sign, disease etc. However, in the area where Bali bull is always available or in the area that artificial insemination applied well, the fertility of Bali cow is good, indicated by short period of anestrus post parturition (40-60 days) or calving interval about 12-13 months. Moreover, Bali cow has long reproductive periods, she still has fair fertility up to 13-15 years of age. Bali cattle are also kept for fattening purposes. Young bull of Bali cattle could have daily gain up to 0.7kg/day when they are fed by grass plus concentrate compared to pasture fattening in which daily gain only ranged between 0.2-0.4kg/day. Those production and reproduction performances of Bali cattle in Southeast Sulawesi will be elaborated in this article.
Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in Animal Model: Study of Kidney Histopathology and Physiological Functions
Authors: Fauzi Ahmad , Titisari Nurina , Sutarso  , Mellisa Venny 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze abnormal changes in kidney histology and physiology in acute kidney injury animal models with multiple doses of gentamicin. Induction of experimental animals was carried out on 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain which were divided into 4 groups, group I was a negative control group, groups II, III and IV are gentamicin-induced groups at doses of 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Kidney histopathology were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), while analysis of serum BUN and creatinine by spectrophotometric method. Data analysis for kidney histopathology was descriptively while for BUN and Creatinine were statistically tested with one way ANOVA. The results of this study showed there was a kidney damage in all gentamicin-induced groups, which is necrosis in the contortus tubule and the Bowman’s capsule compared to the negative control group. The group of rats with the higher doses of gentamicin showed a more severe level of histopathological changes, however, BUN and creatinine levels were not significantly different (p> 0.05). This study concludes that gentamicin induction could cause kidney histopathological changes but not kidney physiology.
Muscle fiber area and warner bratzler shear force (WBSF) value of Aceh cattle semitendinosus muscle
Authors: Sofyan H , Satyaningtijas A S , Sumantri C , Sudarnika E , Agungpriyono S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aceh cattle serves as the first choice in providing beef in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study was aimed to measure the area of muscle fibers in Aceh cattle and its correlation with the meat tenderness. The study used semitendinosus muscle samples from four Aceh bulls aged 18-30 months with an average body weight of 320.75±71.41 kg. The paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, while muscle samples were processed for meat tenderness measurement. The measurement of the area of muscle fibers was carried out under a light microscope and by using IMAGE J software, while the analysis of meat tenderness was done using the Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF). The results were compared with reference values in Bali cattle and Ongole grade cattle. The average area (μm2) of muscle fibers in Aceh cattle was 2 752.17 (95% CI: 1 334.34-4 170.00). This value is not different from those of Bali cattle and Ongole grade cattle. WBSF value (kg cm−2) in Aceh cattle was 9.35 (95% CI: 4.21-14.49). The average of WBSF value in Aceh cattle was higher but not significantly different from those of Bali cattle and Ongole grade cattle. The study concluded that beef of Aceh cattle is as tender as the beef of Bali and Ongole grade cattle.
Effect of Native Grass Substitution with Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) Peel on Sheep Performance
Authors: Hidayah N , Lubis R , Wiryawan K G , Suharti S , Rita W , Nurhaita  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The effect of substitution native grass with jengkol (A. jiringa) peel on sheep performance was investigated. Three treatments substitution of jengkol peel (0, 15, 22.5%) were five replications in a randomized block design. This research used 15 sheep with body weight around 15-27 kg. The jengkol peel and concentrate were given in pellet form to reducing the strong odor from jengkol peel. Substitution of jengkol peel at 22.5% increased feed intake (746,74 g/h/d) but did not affect on every daily gain and feed efficiency. The more substitution of jengkol peel change the texture of pellets become more compact and solid so increased the palatability and lead to the feed intake increased. It is concluded that native grass can be substituted with jengkol peel until 22.5% to increase feed consumption of sheep
Complete Dried Ration for Ruminant Based on Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott Enriched Phyto-Protein of Tree Legumes Leaf
Authors: Anis S.D , Telleng M.M , Kaligis D.A. , Najoan M , Waleleng P.O.V , Dalie S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is a country with a big human population in the world, still import red meat, since the price of this commodity is higher than those import. The problem is supply of forages is insufficient due to limitation of space for forage production. Especially during the dry season the forages almost disappears and farmers face on shortage supply of forage followed decrease beef production. This research aimed to study the effects of enriched protein of tree legume leaf on complete dry ration based on tropical grass. The treatments were: T-0 = P.purpureum (control); T-1 = PP + GS+Crt; T-2 = PP + LL + Crt; T-3 = PP + IZ + Crt. Treatments were arranged on Completely Randomized Design, with 5 replications. Twenty male goats with average body weight +15 Kg has been used. The results of this research showed that treatment T-3 with I. zolingeriana (IZ) as a source of phyto-protein in complete rations has the best results on all variables measured. It could be concluded that leaves of this tree legumes prospective to support the application of technology complete ration based on local resources to resolve the problem of shortages of feeds supply to ruminant in the tropic region.
The Effect of Cutting Age and Ratooning on Growth, Production, and Nutrient Content of Brown Midrib Resistance Sorghum
Authors: Suhartanto Bambang , Widodo Slamet , Umami Nafiatul , Prasadita Rauufa , Utomo Ristianto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research aimed to determine the effect of cutting age and ratooning on growth, production, and nutrient contentof the Brown Midrib Resistance(BMR) sorghum. This research used a split-plot design with the main plot was ratoon (ratoon 1 and 2), and the subplot was the cutting age (6 and 8 weeks). Each treatment was replicated three times. Sorghum was planted with planting space 75 × 25 cm. The variables observed were growth (plant height, plant length, and leaf width), production (dry matter and organic matter), nutrient content (dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, extract ether, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and calculation of the total digestible nutrient). The result showed that the ratooning treatment significantly affected (P<0.05) the plant height, plant length, leaf width, dry matter production, organic matter production, and crude fiber content. Dry matter production from ratoon 1 was higher than ratoon 2. The cutting age significantly affected (P<0.05) on plant height, plant length, leaf width, extract ether, crude fiber, crude protein, and total digestible nutrient. Crude protein content at the 6-week cutting age was higher (P <0.05) than the 8-week cutting age. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the growth and production of sorghum will decrease during the second ratoon. The older the plants, the growth, and crude fiber content increased, but the crude protein and total digestible nutrient decreased.
Determination of Minimum Effective Concentration of Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) Pyrolysis Products for Antibacterial Escherichia coli Using Kinetics Approach
Authors: Musta R , Nurliana L , Afil A , Damhuri  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Determination of minimum effective concentration of cashew nut shell (CNS) pyrolysis products as an antibacterial Escherichia coli using kinetics approach has been done. The purpose of this study is to determine minimum concentration of CNS pyrolysis products which are effective as antibacterial E. coli using chemical kinetics and determine reaction order (n) and rate constant (k), equipped with the rate of reaction equation. And it also determine the relation of initial concentration [A]o, concentration in time [A]t and time variable (t). The results showed that the CNS pyrolysis products consist of two groups: phenolic compounds and alkane compounds. GCMS results also showed that main constituent of the compound is m-octyl-phenol (13.86%). Inhibitory zone on variation in concentration of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% was 1.47; 1.20; 1.19; 0.87; and 0.75 cm respectively. Reaction order (n) = 0.3 and rate constants (k) = 3.3 so reaction rate equations is r = 3.3 [A]0.3. Relations of initial concentration [A]o and concentration in time [A]t and time variable (t) obtained [A]t = [A]o-0.05t. Minimum concentration making the CNS pyrolysis products effective as an antibacterial E. coli is 24.06%.