bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comunidad de práctica en derechos humanos y constitucionalismo transformador en América Latina
Authors: Von Bogdandy Armin , Urueña Rene 
Published: December 2020

En los últimos años, se ha venido desarrollando en América Latina una
especie de derecho común de los derechos humanos, lo que entendemos como ius constitutionale commune. En el centro del surgimiento de este régimen se encuentran la
Comisión Interamericana (CIDH) y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
(Corte IDH). En este capítulo exploramos cómo y por qué funciona el constitucionalismo transformador en América Latina, que es promovido por un grupo de personas
que buscan enfrentar la violencia, la exclusión social y la debilidad institucional a través
del derecho. Sostenemos que la Corte Interamericana ha desarrollado dos aspectos que
han contribuido a su consolidación en un difícil contexto. Por un lado, jurídicamente
la Corte ha mantenido una interpretación evolutiva de los tratados, junto con doctrinas
de control de convencionalidad y el bloque de constitucionalidad, lo que ha generado
estándares jurídicos regionales. Por otra parte, ha desarrollado una práctica social, en la
que interactúa con distintos actores nacionales, regionales e internacionales para avanzar la agenda de los derechos humanos.
Derecho ambiental y derecho internacional de los derechos humanos: Impactos en la comprensión y protección del medio ambiente
Authors: Galdamez Zelada Liliana Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo analiza la relación entre el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y el ordenamiento interno, y su especial incidencia en la protección del
medio ambiente a partir del trabajo de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
La sustancialidad de la Convención Belém do Pará para la superación de la discriminación estructural y la violencia contra la mujer fundada en el género
Authors: Iriarte Rivas Claudia Paz 
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se revisa el aporte y avance que ha significado la Convención
Belém do Pará como instrumento del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos
en el avance al respeto de estos derechos respecto de la mujer y en el logro de la superación de la violación de los derechos de la mujer. A partir de ello, se quiere destacar el
aporte que este instrumento ha tenido en la conformación de un corpus normativo y en
el desarrollo de estándares en materia de derechos humanos de la mujer, los cuales se
han constituido como un cuerpo jurídico común en el Sistema Interamericano de Derecho Humanos, que puede y debe ser recepcionado por Estados que integran el sistema
regional de derechos humanos.
Interdependencia e indivisibilidad de los derechos humanos: Una nueva mirada frente al covid-19
Authors: Piovesan Flavia , Morales Antoniazzi Mariela 
Published: December 2020

La pandemia de covid-19 y sus efectos multidimensionales demandan reforzar un enfoque holístico de los derechos humanos, que gire en torno a su interdependencia e indivisibilidad. El argumento se centra en ofrecer una dogmática jurídica
reinterpretativa de reforzamiento «a la inversa» de ambos principios en la medida que
la salvaguarda de los derechos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales (DESCA)
requiere también la garantía de los derechos civiles y políticos. El carácter reforzado
deriva de la urgencia de atender a las personas y grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad.
El artículo dialoga con la base teórica del ius constitutionale commune en derechos humanos emergente para enfrentar la pandemia. Sobre la base del método bibliográfico,
el argumento se desarrolla siguiendo tres momentos, a saber: en el punto de partida pre
covid-19 de la propia Declaración Universal y los instrumentos regionales de protección
de los derechos humanos en el caso de América Latina; la interpretación a la inversa
frente al covid-19 en razón de los estándares universales, regionales y nacionales, tomando el caso argentino como referencia; y el discurso académico pos covid-19, para
afianzar el lenguaje de la indivisibilidad e interdependencia como ruta para apalancar
las profundas transformaciones. Los retos actuales revelan el potencial de los derechos
humanos como lenguaje para guiar a los Estados hacia el cumplimiento de los estándares que conforman la base del nuevo ius commune pospandemia.
Derechos indígenas a los recursos naturales, al agua y al medio ambiente en el derecho internacional
Authors: Yañez Fuenzalida Nancy 
Published: December 2020

Este artículo analiza los desarrollos normativos y estándares generados en el
derecho internacional de los derechos humanos respecto del entorno y los derechos indígenas sobre sus territorios y recursos naturales. A partir del análisis del Convenio 169
y de la evolución de los estándares en el seno del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos
Humanos, se verifica que el derecho internacional reconoce el derecho de propiedad de
los pueblos indígenas sobre sus territorios ancestrales y, como consecuencia, el derecho
sobre los recursos naturales que han sido tradicionalmente usados para su supervivencia, desarrollo y prosecución de su sistema de vida y costumbre. Sin embargo, a partir
de jurisprudencia reciente del Sistema, se observa el desarrollo de estándares específicos de derechos ambientales a pueblos indígenas, con el derecho al medio ambiente
reconocido como un derecho autónomo que implica la protección de la naturaleza en
sí misma y los elementos que la componen, independiente de si hay afectación directa
a las personas como consecuencia del daño ambiental. También es relevante la relación
que se observa en el derecho internacional entre identidad cultural y medio ambiente,
para asegurar las formas de vida tradicionales de los pueblos indígenas, su soberanía
alimentaria y su sustentabilidad hídrica.
Regional variation in public long-term home care : Regional differences in the Netherlands and the role of patient experiences
Authors: Duell Daisy , Van Oort Roos , Lindeboom Maarten , Koolman Xander , Portrait France 
Published: December 2020

Practice variation is often defined as variation in access to healthcare - usually across regions - that cannot be explained by differences in patient populations. Practice variation may therefore lead to inefficiency and violate the principle of equal access to healthcare. The study of practice variation in long-term care (LTC) is a comparatively new area of research. This paper focuses on variation in publicly financed home care, which is gaining popularity as an alternative for institutional care. In addition, this paper focuses on whether and how patient experiences are associated with this variation. We use multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess regional variation in entitlements for publicly financed home care. Linear regression analyses were added to examine regional variation in intensity of entitled publicly financed home care, and the relationship between variation and patient experiences. The study showed a maximum difference of 34 percentage points across regions. Moreover, a maximum of 23 out of 31 regions showed significant differences in intensity of entitled care. Almost none of the observed variation can be explained by patient experiences. Our study showed evidence that eligibility for publicly financed home care depended partially on where a client lived. This study has been performed before the major decentralisation of the Dutch LTC system in January 2015. We expect regional variation to increase as a result of local demand, supply factors and the budgetary restrictions of the local stakeholders. This imposes challenges for countries as the Netherlands, which introduced a shift towards using more publicly financed home while striving towards equal access.
Published: Online December 2020.
Use of Olive Mill Wastewaters as Bio-Insecticides for the Control ofPotosia Opacain Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Meddich Abdelilah , Boutasknit Abderrahim , Anli Mohamed , Ait Ahmed Meriame , El Abbassi Abdelilah , Boutaj Hanane , Ait-El-Mokhtar Mohamed , Boumezzough Ali 
Published: December 2020

The date palm is one of the most economically important perennial plants of the North Africa and in Morocco, where it is extensively cultivated for food and many other commercial purposes. Palm trees are threatened by many pests such as Potosia opaca newly identified in Morocco, especially in Marrakesh and Errachidia regions. In addition, olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are an environmental problem in olive oil producing countries such as Morocco. Generally, these effluents are drained into ecosystems without any pre-treatment. To reduce their negative impact and to get benefits in particular from their high phenolic content, OMW were used as bio-insecticides in crude form. The results showed that crude OMW were effective to control this pest causing a weight loss similar to Cordus insecticide (17% vs. 15%) and mortality almost similar to Kemaban insecticide. OMW’s biocide potential was related principally to their high phenolic content. Based on HPLC analysis, ten phenolic molecules were identified, including two which were revealed as the major monomeric phenolic compounds in OMW, 0.248 g/L of hydroxytyrosol and 0.201 g/L of tyrosol. In this chapter, the potential use of OMW as bio-insecticides for the control of P. opaca in date palm is discussed.
Prognostic Significance of Subungual Anatomic Site in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Authors: Mejbel Haider A. , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Milton Denái R. , Ivan Doina , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Curry Jonathan L. , Ciurea Ana M. , Rubin Adam I. , Hwu Wen-Jen , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P. 
Published: December 2020

Context.—
Acral lentiginous melanoma is a rare and aggressive type of cutaneous melanoma that arises on the acral skin and the nail unit. The prognostic significance of subungual anatomic site in acral lentiginous melanoma is not established.

Objective.—
To assess the impact of subungual anatomic site on overall survival and disease-specific survival in acral lentiginous melanoma.

Design.—
Retrospective cohort analysis. Clinicopathologic characteristics of 627 primary acral lentiginous melanomas (45 [7%] subungual and 582 [93%] nonsubungual) were summarized, and the impact of these characteristics on overall survival and disease-specific survival was determined using univariate and multivariable analyses.

Results.—
No significant differences in clinicopathologic features were identified between the subungual and nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanomas. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year overall survival rates were 81%, 40%, and 28%, respectively, for subungual acral lentiginous melanoma and 94%, 59%, and 38%, respectively, for nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanoma (P = .04); risk of death was significantly higher for subungual tumors (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.59 [1.02–2.50]; P = .04). The 1-, 5-, and 10-year disease-specific survival rates were 94%, 56%, and 48%, respectively, for subungual acral lentiginous melanoma versus 96%, 69%, and 55%, respectively, for nonsubungual acral lentiginous melanoma (P = .18). By multivariable analysis, independent poor prognostic factors included older age and ulceration for overall survival and greater Breslow thickness and sentinel lymph node positivity for overall survival and disease-specific survival. Subungual anatomic site was not an independent prognostic factor for overall or disease-specific survival.

Conclusions.—
Subungual anatomic site is not an independent prognostic factor for acral lentiginous melanoma.
A Simplified Brain Blocking Protocol Optimized for the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease Saves Time and Money While Preserving Anatomic Relationships
Authors: Clement Nathan F. , DeWitt John C. , Frosch Matthew P. , Martinez-Lage Maria , Samore Wesley R. , Hedley-Whyte E. Tessa 
Published: December 2020

Context.—
Postmortem evaluation for neurodegenerative disease is expensive in time and materials. These challenges can be met by implementing simpler sampling protocols while preserving anatomic relations.

Objective.—
To determine the diagnostic effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a simplified brain blocking protocol compared with the standard blocking protocol used in our Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC).

Design.—
We prospectively compared the neuropathologic diagnoses established from our standard 19-cassette/19 brain sites ADRC protocol to a simplified 6-cassette/12 brain sites protocol in 52 consecutive cases. The simplified protocol generated 14 slides for comparison to 52 slides from our standard protocol.

Results.—
Compared with the ADRC protocol the simplified protocol produced Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes probability scores that were the same in 50 of 52 cases (r = 0.99). Staging for Lewy pathology was equivalent in 45 of 52 (r = 0.98), scoring for cerebral amyloid angiopathy was equivalent in 48 of 52 (r = 0.97), and grading for arteriolosclerosis was the same in 45 of 52 cases (r = 0.92). Progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 4), multiple system atrophy (n = 2), and corticobasal degeneration (n = 1) could be diagnosed by either protocol independently. The estimated savings per case was 72% or $1744.89 ($2436.37 [ADRC] versus $691.48 [simplified]).

Conclusions.—
The diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease at autopsy can be done accurately with a less expensive, simplified protocol. Our protocol is similar to those of previously published approaches, but it has a simpler organization scheme. This method should be valuable to institutions where autopsy cost considerations may be important.
El desarrollo histórico del principio de lealtad federal en el derecho alemán
Authors: Mimentza Martín Janire 
Published: December 2020

El «padre» del principio de la lealtad federal - Rudolf SMEND - ha pasado a la historia por su aportación en la obra «Derecho Constitucional no escrito en el Estado Federal Monárquico.» Por primera vez en la historia del constitucionalismo alemán y en contra de la doctrina constitucionalista del Imperio de 1871, presentó y analizó el principio lealtad federal de forma jurídica y sistemática dotándolo de fuerza normativa. Aunque originariamente fue desarrollado para el contexto de una monarquía constitucional, lo fue adaptando a las diferentes épocas y formas de Estado. Por ello, desde el punto de vista histórico los enfoques bajo la Constitución del Imperio Alemán de 1871 y Constitución Republicana de Weimar de 1919 son de suma importancia. Muestra de ello es que el Tribunal Constitucional Federal Alemán en sus más tempranos pronunciamientos sobre la lealtad federal (ej.: STCF 1, 299; 12, 205) hace explícita referencia a la obra de SMEND. En concreto, son sentencias sobre el principio fundadas en las «profundas raíces dogmáticas e históricas» del ordenamiento alemán. Por ello, todavía hoy las posturas doctrinales sobre el principio del Bundestreue en las fases iniciales de formación del Estado alemán son de decisiva importancia. En el caso español los trabajos sobre el desarrollo histórico de este principio destacan por su ausencia. Carencia que dificulta entender su significado y alcance. Ha sido precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo el llenar este vacío.
Suicidio asistido y libre desarrollo de la personalidad en la República Federal de Alemania
Authors: Riquelme Vázquez Pablo 
Published: December 2020

Este documento analiza la controversia jurídica suscitada en la República Federal de Alemania en torno a la prohibición del favorecimiento comercial del suicidio. En su primer apartado, se explica brevemente el marco jurídico para las decisiones al final de la vida. Para ello, se hace hincapié en el acto delictivo contencioso vigente en el país desde 2015 y refleja el estado de la técnica de acuerdo con la principal literatura científica en este sentido. La segunda parte analiza la reciente sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemán que declara inconstitucional la mencionada prohibición de fomentar comercialmente el suicidio. En particular, en esta parte se examina la construcción de un derecho a una muerte autodeterminada llevada a cabo por el último intérprete de la Ley Fundamental Alemana. En tercer y último lugar, el documento extrae dos conclusiones del análisis anterior. La primera es de carácter funcional y, dado que el Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemán no excluyó tal posibilidad, se refiere a la viabilidad de conceptos alternativos de regulación. El segundo corolario tiene un carácter dogmático y consiste en evaluar la significativa omisión del derecho a la vida en la argumentación del alto tribunal alemán.
Measuring stress in podiatric students in Spain: psychometric validation and adaptation of the KEZKAK questionnaire
Authors: Ortega-Avila Ana Belen , Cervera-Garvi Pablo , Jimenez-Cebrian Ana Maria , Chicharro-Luna Esther , Garcia-Paya Irene , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The study aim was to develop a linguistic-cultural adaptation of the KEZKAK questionnaire to be completed during the practicum of podiatric medical students in Spain, to validate the questionnaire and to evaluate its psychometric properties.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages: 1. Cross-cultural adaptation; 2. Clinimetric validation based on assessments of interobserver reliability, test-retest reliability and internal consistency. The participants were podiatric medical students at the universities of Malaga and Miguel Hernandez, Alicante (Spain) and were recruited during the period February–October 2019. The following inclusion criteria were applied: aged at least 18 years, studying the third or fourth year of a university degree in Podiatry. All gave signed informed consent and completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Podiatry version of the KEZKAK questionnaire. No sampling was performed and thus the entire eligible population was included in the study.

Results
The analysis was based on 205 participants (33.5% male, 66.5% female), with a mean age of 23.05 (SD 5.37) years. Internal consistency was excellent, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95. This version of the questionnaire had five factorial structures (61.18%). No floor/ceiling effect was observed in any item. The KEZKAK presented high test-retest reliability after 21 days, with an overall ICC of 0.95 (95% CI [0.93–0.98]).

Conclusion
For university students of podiatry in Spain, the KEZKAK Podiatry version questionnaire is a valid, reliable instrument for measuring stressors during the practicum.
Experimental lung injury induces cerebral cytokine mRNA production in pigs
Authors: Kamuf Jens , Garcia Bardon Andreas , Ziebart Alexander , Frauenknecht Katrin , Folkert Konstantin , Schwab Johannes , Ruemmler Robert , Renz Miriam , Cana Denis , Thal Serge C. , Hartmann Erik K. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important disease with a high incidence among patients admitted to intensive care units. Over the last decades, the survival of critically ill patients has improved; however, cognitive deficits are among the long-term sequelae. We hypothesize that acute lung injury leads to upregulation of cerebral cytokine synthesis.

Methods
After approval of the institutional and animal care committee, 20 male pigs were randomized to one of three groups: (1) Lung injury by oleic acid injection (OAI), (2) ventilation only (CTR) or (3) untreated. We compared neuronal numbers, proportion of neurons with markers for apoptosis, activation state of Iba-1 stained microglia cells and cerebral mRNA levels of different cytokines between the groups 18 hours after onset of lung injury.

Results
We found an increase in hippocampal TNFalpha (p < 0.05) and IL-6 (p < 0.05) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the OAI compared to untreated group as well as higher hippocampal IL-6 mRNA compared to control (p < 0.05). IL-8 and IL-1beta mRNA showed no differences between the groups. We found histologic markers for beginning apoptosis in OAI compared to untreated (p < 0.05) and more active microglia cells in OAI and CTR compared to untreated (p < 0.001 each).

Conclusion
Hippocampal cytokine transcription increases within 18 hours after the induction of acute lung injury with histological evidence of neuronal damage. It remains to be elucidated if increased cytokine mRNA synthesis plays a role in the cognitive decline observed in survivors of ARDS.
Psychological Burnout among Tutors in Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Ofori Kennedy Nyeseh , Kyere Eunice Agyeiwaa , Berko Lydia Boateng 
Published: December 2020

This paper identifies the antecedents of psychological burnout and its influence on tutors’ job stress in Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The study adopted a case study approach because it probes four specific Colleges of Education (COE) in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Quantitative research method was employed. Cluster sampling was used in selecting 120 tutors and then stratified on the basis of gender. The study used questionnaire as the main research instrument for gathering the data from participants. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to test the sample reliability, which yielded coefficient 0f 0.84. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, with Pearson Product Moment Correlation and multiple regression models as analytical tools. Hypothesis was tested at a significant level of 0.01 and 0.05. Results revealed that lack of job satisfaction (96 %) and delay in payment of salary (88%) were the leading antecedents of psychological burnout among the tutors. Again, the findings showed that lack of commitment to work (92%) and transferring of aggression to teacher trainees were the top most effects of stress on Tutors. Results of hypothesis tested revealed no significant difference on the expression on both the causes and effects of psychological burnout among tutors on the basis of gender. It was concluded that inadequate or complete lack of academic facilities did not only impair academic productivity, but also exerted undue stress on tutors and available facilities. The study recommended among others, the development priorities of the colleges should be Tutor –teacher trainee oriented.