bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition of Weighted Finite Transducers in MapReduce
Authors: Elghadyry Bilal , Ouardi Faissal , Verel Sébastien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Weighted finite-state transducers have been shown to be a general and efficient representation in many applications such as text and speech processing, computational biology, and machine learning. The composition of weighted finite-state transducers constitutes a fundamental and common operation between these applications. The NP-hardness of the composition computation problem presents a challenge that leads us to devise efficient algorithms on a large scale when considering more than two transducers. This paper describes a parallel computation of weighted finite transducers composition in MapReduce framework. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to tackle this task using MapReduce methods. First, we analyze the communication cost of this problem using Afrati et al. model. Then, we propose three MapReduce methods based respectively on input alphabet mapping, state mapping, and hybrid mapping. Finally, intensive experiments on a wide range of weighted finite-state transducers are conducted to compare the proposed methods and show their efficiency for large-scale data.
Symbiosis of the Millipede Parasitic Nematodes Rhigonematoidea and Thelastomatoidea with Evolutionary Different Origins
Authors: Nagae Seiya , Sato Kazuki , Tanabe Tsutomu , Hasegawa Koichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHow various host-parasite combinations have been established is an important question in evolutionary biology. We have previously described two nematode species, Rhigonema naylae and Travassosinema claudiae, which are parasites of the Xystodesmidae millipede Parafontaria laminata in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Rhigonematoidea belongs to the infraorder Rhigonematomorpha and is phylogenetically close to the Ascaridomorpha, which includes the roundworm parasite in animals. Thelastomatoidea spp. belong to the infraorder Oxyuridomorpha, which comprises a wide variety of parasites in many vertebrates and invertebrates. These nematodes were isolated together with high prevalence; however, the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and ecological relationships between these two parasitic nematodes and between host-parasites are not well known.ResultsWe collected nine species (11 isolates) of Xystodesmidae millipede from seven different locations in Japan and found that all species were co-infected with the parasitic nematodes Rhigonematoidea spp. and Thelastomatoidea spp. Rhigonematoidea spp. is exclusively a millipede parasite, and combinations of parasitic nematode groups and host genera seem to be fixed, supporting the hypothesis of their co-speciation. Intriguingly, Thelastomatoidea spp. were isolated, and the host-parasite relationship was not clarified, clearly indicating the broad host range of these nematode groups. Although the infection prevalence and population of Rhigonematoidea spp. were higher than those of Thelastomatoidea spp., these parasites were not competitive. The population of Rhigonematoidea spp. was not negatively affected by co-infection with Thelastomatoidea spp.ConclusionsPhylogenetic analysis supported our hypothesis that, during the evolution of parasitic nematode diversity in millipedes, the Rhigonematoidea spp. first established relationships with millipedes and were followed by the Thelastomatoidea spp.. The ancestor of the latter nematode might have moved from other host arthropods such as cockroaches.
Pyridostigmine Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism to Attenuate Mitochondria Dysfunction
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Ming , He Xi , Wu Qing , Zang Wei-Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have reported that disruption of gut microbes and their metabolites is associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the mechanism by which gut microbes improve diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Method: Male C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy were studied in comparison with control littermates. Diabetic mice were either untreated or subjected to daily intragastric of pyridostigmine. After 10 weeks of hyperglycaemia, vagus activity, cardiac function and cardiac structure were measured by heart rate variability assessment, echocardiography, and immunohistochemistry. The intestinal barrier and gut microbiota were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and high-throughput sequencing. Additionally, plasma and cardiac branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) distribution and cardiac BCAA catabolism were determined. The structure and respiratory function of mitochondria were measured to assess cardiac mitochondria performance. Results: Intestinal permeability and tight junctions were impaired, bacterial translocation was increased, vagal activity was decreased in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Additionally, gut microbes in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy were disrupted, especially key microbes related to diabetes and BCAA production. Pyridostigmine, which reversibly inhibits cholinesterase to improve autonomic imbalance, enhanced vagus nerve activity, improved insulin resistance and cardiac damage, and alleviated intestinal barrier injury and gut microbiota disruption. Specifically, pyridostigmine decreased the abundance of diabetes-non-protective microbes and increased that of diabetes-protective microbes and BCAA-producing microbes. Pyridostigmine decreased cardiac BCAA concentrations by impairing gut microbe-mediated BCAA production. Furthermore, pyridostigmine upregulated BCAT2 and PP2Cm expression and decreased P-BCKDHA/BCKDHA and BCKDK expression, thus improving cardiac BCAA catabolism. Interestingly, the mitochondrial structural and functional disruption in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy was attenuated after pyridostigmine administration, which may indicate one of the mechanisms by which BCAAs reduce cardiac damage. Conclusions: In conclusion, intestinal barrier, gut microbiota and vagal activity were impaired in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pyridostigmine ameliorated insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy, with an effect related to regulated gut microbes and its metabolite BCAA catabolism to attenuate mitochondria dysfunction of heart. These results provide novel insights for the development of a therapeutic strategy for diabetes-induced cardiac damage that targets gut microbes and BCAA catabolism.
Early Arteriosclerosis and Its Risk Factors in Prediabetes and New-Onset Diabetes Subjects
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Liu Lanxiang , Wang Rui , Jia Xiaojiao , Liu Binbin , Ma Ning , Lu Qiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate early arteriosclerosis and its risk factors in populations with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes. Materials and Methods: A total of 148 participants without known diabetes mellitus were assigned to three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); impaired glucose regulation (IGR), also known as prediabetes; and new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The insulin resistance index was assessed using the homeostasis model (HOMA-IR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the expression level of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). An arteriosclerosis detector was used to measure the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The baPWV, ABI and FGF21 were used to assess early arteriosclerosis. Results: Significant differences in age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), 2-hour insulin (2hINS) and HOMA-IR were found between the NGT group and the prediabetic and new-onset diabetic groups. All except 2hINS showed an increasing trend. The FGF21 and the baPWV increased from the NGT group to prediabetic and the new-onset diabetic group, but no significant difference was noted in the ABI. The age, SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), FPG, 2hPG and FGF21 positively correlated with the baPWV. The BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG, 2hPG and HOMA-IR positively correlated with the ABI. The age, BMI, FPG, FGF21 and HOMA-IR were independent risk factors for the baPWV, and the SBP and the HOMA-IR were independent risk factors for ABI. Conclusions: Patients with prediabetes and new-onset diabetes had more significant early arteriosclerosis. The blood glucose and insulin resistance index were independent risk factors for early arteriosclerosis.
Geodetic and Architectural Inventory of the Historic Wooden Church of St. Szczepan in&nbsp;Mnichów (Poland) in Terms of Safety Assessment of the Geometric Condition of the Structure.
Authors: Lipecki Tomasz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article concerns the method of architectural inventory of the historic, wooden church in Mnichów (southern Poland), built in the 18th century. During hundreds of years of operation, structural changes can be seen in it, as well as in objects located above mining operations. The article explains the principles of inventory and describes the applied method of laser scanning, starting from the design to the creation of a 3D solid model of the object, paying particular attention to the analysis based on the created point cloud. Thanks to them, the area and volumes of all rooms were determined, the verticality of columns supporting the church levels was assessed, the floor level and verticality of walls were determined, as well as the shape and level of the roof edges. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the church, as an example of a wooden religious monument, is in good condition. The detected deformations in this range do not have a destructive effect on the current state of the object, but it should be subjected to control measurements in a cyclical manner. The laser scanning method used allowed for a wide and accurate scope of the study of the geometry of the church structure, without the need to disorganize its equipment.
HOXC6 Promotes Metastasis of MSI-H CRC via Interacting with M2 Macrophages
Authors: qi lina , zhou biting , chen jiani , xu kailun , wang kailai , zheng shu , hu wangxiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: HOXC6 was the most significantly upregulated gene in right-sided colon cancer (RCC) compared to left-sided colon cancer (LCC) according to our previous study. It is known that RCC has a higher immunogenicity than LCC because much higher prevalence of MSI-H samples, however, the role of HOXC6 acted in MSI-H tumors remains poorly understood. Methods: Expression datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to analyze the differential expression and prognostic role of HOXC6 in CRC. ELISA and qRT-PCR were performed to examine the association of HOXC6 and CCL2. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the correlation of HOXC6 and M2 macrophage infiltration. CCK8 and Transwell were used to evaluate the proliferation and migration of tumor cells in vitro.Results: HOXC6 was overexpressed in MSI-H CRC and associated with poor prognosis. Upregulation of CCL2 by HOXC6 could attract more M2 macrophage infiltration. IL6 secreted by M2 macrophages could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells by upregulating HOXC6. Overexpression of HOXC6 promoted the migration and invasion of CRC cells in vitro. Finally, inhibition of IL6/JAK pathway using ruxolitinib downregulated HOXC6 and suppressed invasion of HCT116 cells.Conclusion: Our study revealed that overexpression of HOXC6 attracted more M2 macrophage infiltration and the positive crosstalk between M2 macrophages and HOXC6-highly expressed tumor led to EMT and enhanced the migration ability of CRC, which offered a promising therapic target for treatment of MSI-H CRC.
Activation of EGFR-Aurora A Induces Loss of Primary Cilia in&nbsp;Oral&nbsp;Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yin Fengying , Chen Qian , Shi Yujie , Xu Hao , Huang Jie , Zhong Liang , Qing Maofeng , Li Jing , Xie Liang , Zeng Xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPrimary cilia are evolutionally conserved organelles involving multiple cell functions. Loss of primary cilia is frequently observed in various cancers, suggesting that the absence of them may promote tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the role of primary cilia in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsImmunofluosense staining was applied to detect the incidence of primary cilia in normal, oral leukoplakia (OLK) and OSCC tissues. Differentially expressed ciliary genes of OSCC were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and interested genes were identified by referring to Pubmed literature. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for validating the correlation between the cilia ratio and the protein expression levels, and their regulatory effect on primary cilia was further proved in vitro and in vivo.ResultsA significant decrease in the percentage of ciliated cells was found in OLK, especially in OSCC tissues. Multiple ciliary genes were abnormally expressed in OSCC and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-Aurora A signaling was chosen for further study. A parallel increase of EGFR-Aurora A activity was observed in OLK and OSCC tissues. Moreover, EGFR activation induced obvious cilia absorption by phosphorylating Aurora A, whereas inhibition of EGFR-Aurora A activity significantly restored cilia formation. Besides, Aurora A silencing significantly restored ciliary expression and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions﻿The abnormal activation of EGFR-Aurora A signaling leads to the gradual loss of primary cilia in oral mucosa carcinogenesis. Primary cilia have the potential to be new biomarkers and therapeutic targets of oral mucosa carcinogenesis.
Genomic Alterations Characterization in Colorectal Cancer Identifies a Prognostic and Metastasis Biomarker: FAM83A|IDO1
Authors: liu zaoqu , zhang yuyuan , dang qin , wu kunpeng , Jiao Dechao , li zhen , Sun Zhenqiang , han xinwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGenomic alterations constitute crucial elements of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidences have elucidated their clinical significance in predicting outcomes and therapeutic efficacy. However, a comprehensive understanding of CRC genomic alterations from a global perspective is lacking. MethodsA total of 2778 patients in 15 public datasets were enrolled. Tissues and clinical information of 30 patients were also collected. Consensus clustering was performed for samples classification based on mutation signatures.ResultsWe identified two distinct mutation signature clusters (MSC) featured by massive mutations and dominant somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) respectively. MSC-1 was associated with defective DNA mismatch repair, exhibiting more frequent mutations such as ATM, BRAF, and SMAD4. The mutational co-occurrences of BRAF-HMCN and DNAH17-MDN1 as well as the methylation silence event of MLH-1 were only found in MSC-1. MSC-2 was linked to the carcinogenic process of age and tobacco chewing habit, exhibiting dominant SCNA such as MYC (8q24.21) and PTEN (10q23.31) deletion as well as CCND3 (6p21.1) and ERBB2 (17q12) amplification. MSC-1 displayed higher immunogenicity and immune infiltration. MSC-2 had better prognosis and significant stromal activation. Based on the two subtypes, we identified and validated the expression relationship of FAM83A and IDO1 as a robust biomarker for prognosis and distant metastasis of CRC in 15 independent cohorts and qRT-PCR assay. Conclusions﻿We identified two subtypes with heterogeneous molecular alterations and functional status, which might advance precise treatment and clinical management in CRC. A robust biomarker for predicting prognosis and distant metastasis of CRC was identified and validated.
c-Jun Transcriptional Regulates NPRL2 to Promote the Proliferation Activity of Prostate Cancer Cells via AKT/MDM2/p53 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Daixing , Jiang Li , Luo Shengjun , Zhao Xin , Zhao Guozhi , Du Xiaoyi , Tang Yu , Tang Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHigh NPRL2 (Nitrogen permease regulator-like 2) expression is a prognostic marker for poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the regulatory mechanisms of NPRL2 in PCa remain unknown.MethodsThe expression level of NPRL2 in prostate cancer tissues were verified through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The effect of NPRL2 gene in promoting the proliferation of prostate cancer was determined by CCK8 and clone formation assays. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle analysis were tested by ﬂow cytometry. Luciferase reporter gene and ChIP were used to verify the binding relationship between transcription factor c-Jun and the NPRL2 5’ region. The effect of NPRL2 and the MK2206 on the AKT/MDM2/p53 signaling pathway was verified by western blotting.ResultsNPRL2 expression level was significantly increased in prostate cancer tissues than normal tissues base on TCGA and GEO database. We investigated that transcription factor c-Jun can bind to the NPRL2 promoter and regulated NPRL2 transcription directly. Then, we revealed that NPRL2 significantly promotes proliferation and reduces apoptosis in PCa cells. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that NPRL2 mediated proliferation promotion effect is associated with the AKT/MDM2/p53 pathway's participation. Besides, CDK2 might serve as an intermediate effector for NPRL2 to regulate the AKT pathway. ConclusionTaken together, our study identiﬁed that c-Jun contributes to transcriptional control of NPRL2 and NPRL2 can promote prostate cancer proliferation by activating AKT/MDM2/p53 signaling.
Use of Sacubitril/Valsartan in a Chronic Heart Failure Patient with Reduced Ejection Fraction Accompany Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Indensification: A Case Report
Authors: Dai Hengfen , Zhang Yan , Xiao Jingwen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rationale: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive cardiac disease characterized by ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction and is the third most common cause of heart failure and the most common cause of heart transplantation. Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist and share a mutually beneficial relationship. The presence of atrial fibrillation increases the tendency for heart failure, which can worsen its severity and increase the risk of stroke. DCM、AF and HF are causal to each other in pathophysiological view. However, how these pathogens translates upon acute decompensation heart failure(ADHF) is unknown. Control acute attack of chronic heart failure is the first step of treatment.Case summary: Herein, we described a 68-year-old man with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with severe DCM and atrial fibrillation who was treated with Sacubitril/Valsartan and had a reduced ejection fraction. The patient’s echocardiography features had a significant improvement under taking Sacubitril/Valsartan. Sacubitril/Valsartan may act as an intermediary that balancing of the good and the bad neuroendocrine response.Discussion: DCM is a major cardiomyopathy and a major cause of heart transplantation. DCM’s clinical prognosis is poor, additionally, along with myocardial indensification, early diagnosis and treatment is helpful to prolong the patients' life. The emergence of Sacubitril/Valsartan represents the advent of a new strategy for treating HFrEF. Its beneficial effects are related in part, at least, to an improvement of echocardiographic features and positive modulation of the neuroendocrine response to HF.
Highly Stable Organic Photothermal Agent Based on Near-Infrared-II Fluorophores for Tumor Treatment
Authors: Xu Yunjian , Wang Shiqi , Chen Zhenjiang , Hu Rui , Li Shaoqiang , Zhao Yihua , Liu Liwei , Qu Junle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To develop highly stable near-infrared (NIR) photo-induced tumor therapy agent has obtained considerable role for biological application. With longer wavelength, biological imaging exhibits high signal-to-background ratio, deep tissue penetration and maximum permissible light power, and photoinduced tumor therapy can reduce damage minimization to organism.Results: A class of stable NIR-II fluorophores (NIR998, NIR1028, NIR980, NIR1030 and NIR1028-S) based on aza-BODIPY dyes with donor-acceptor-donor structures have been rationally designed and synthesized via utilizing steric relaxation effect and intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (IPET). These fluorophores exhibit superior stability against photobleaching, NIR-II emission, large Stokes shift (≥ 100 nm) and excellent photothermal conversion performance. Among them, NIR998 with better near-infrared-II emission and higher temperature increase was utilized to prepare NIR998 nanoparticles (NIR998 NPs) by lipidosome encapsulation. NIR998 NPs show super stability in the presence of light, heat, reactive oxygen nitrogen species than that of ICG NPs, as well as high photothermal conversion ability (η = 50.5%). Finally, under the guidance of photothermal imaging, NIR998 NPs with negligible cytotoxicity have effectively eliminated tumors by their excellent photothermal conversion performance.Conclusions: Utilizing IPET and steric relaxation effect can effectively fulfill NIR-II emission of aza-BODIPY dyes and super stable NIR998 NPs with excellent photothermal conversion performance and negligible dark cytotoxicity can act as potential photothermal agents for biological applications.
A Novel Self-Assembled Epitope Peptide Nanoemulsion Vaccine with Targeting the Nasal Mucosal Epithelial Cell for Reinvigorating CD8+ T cell Immune Activity and Inhibiting Tumor Progression
Authors: Sun Hongwu , Yang Yun , Ge Shuang , Song Zhen , Zhao Anni , Zhao Liqun , Hu Zhiming , Cai DingYi , Zhang Zelong , Peng Liusheng , Lu Dongshui , Luo Ping , Zhang Weijun , Zou Quanming , Zeng Hao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Synthetic epitope peptide are not suitable for nasal administration due to its weak immunogenic and low delivery efficiency. In this work, we developed a intranasal epitope nanovaccine (I-OVA NE) which can prolong mucosal retention and enhance CTL activity induced by epitopes. I-OVA NE was a nanoemulsion system that assembled with IKVAV-OVA257-264(I-OVA) conjugated peptides.This nanovaccine with I-OVA at a concentration of 4 mg/mL showed the average particle size of 30.37±2.49 nm, zeta potential of -16.67±1.76 mV, and encapsulation rate of 84.07±7.59%. I-OVA NE particles exhibit smooth and spherical surfaces, good dispersibility and no obvious aggregation. Moreover, the physicochemical characteristics (size, PdI and zeta potential) of this vaccine did not significantly change in the condition of mucin exist. I-OVA NE had no significant cytotoxic effects on BEAS-2B cells, and no obvious acute pathological changes were observed on nasal mucosa or lung tissue in the mice after nasal immunization. We found that I-OVA NE prolonged the nasal residence time, promoted the cellular uptake of the epitope peptide and improved the antigen uptake efficiency of BEAS-2B cells, but this effect was significantly decreased after integrin blockade. Importantly, the level of Th1 cytokines and the proportion of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells increased significantly, and thus I-OVA NE protected E.G7/OVA tumor-bearing mice by suppressing tumour growth and provoking anti-tumour immune activation. Overall, these data indicate that I-OVA NE can be an applicable strategy for tumor vaccine design.