bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in canine anterior chamber dimensions: Potential implications for primary angle‐closure glaucoma
Authors: Kim Donghee , Kwon Hyun , Hwang Jiyi , Jung Ji Seung , Kwon Myeongjee , Yong Jungyeon , Yoon Haerin , Kim Soohyun , Park Kyung‐Mee 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore anatomical differences in the aqueous humor (AH) outflow pathway between male and female dogs using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).Animals StudiedClinical data were collected from 30 eyes of 30 dogs (15 males: 10 right eyes, 5 left eyes; and 15 females: 7 right eyes, 8 left eyes) treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungbuk National University, South Korea, between August 2018 and February 2024.ProcedureThe study conducted an in‐depth UBM examination, specifically observing peripheral anterior chamber depth (ACD), geometric iridocorneal angle (ICA), and angle‐opening distance (AOD) alongside measurements of ciliary cleft width (CCW), length (CCL), and area (CCA), and assessed the longitudinal fibers of ciliary muscle thickness (Lf‐CMT) and the longitudinal and radial fibers of ciliary muscle thickness (LRf‐CMT) for sex‐based differences.ResultsThe study identified a significant sex difference in peripheral ACD, with females displaying shallower depths compared to males, potentially clarifying the higher incidence of glaucoma in female dogs. No significant sex differences were found in ICA, AOD, CC parameters, or ciliary muscle parameters measurements.ConclusionThis research uncovered that peripheral ACD is significantly shallower in females than in males, potentially indicating a risk factor that could contribute to the development of primary angle‐closure glaucoma.
Estimation and Validation of Knee Joint Kinematic Parameters Using Inertial Measurement Unit Sensors in a Wearable Device
Authors: Verma Dhirendra Kumar , Kumari Poonam , Kanagaraj Subramani 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In physiotherapy, joint kinematics is conventionally analyzed using the universal mechanical goniometer involving manual measurements and is only possible for static assessments of biomechanical parameters. The aim of the present research is to estimate and validate the knee joint kinematic parameters using the inertial sensor in a wearable device. A video motion analysis study is performed using “Kinovea” software for measurement validation. No statistical difference is observed in hypothesis testing (t-test, p &gt; 0.7). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r2) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values are observed to be 0.99 and &gt;0.99, respectively, for a 95% confidence interval in the inter-rater reliability test. Further, data normality, using the “Kolmogorov-Smirnov” test, and Bland–Altman analysis are performed to validate quantitative agreements. The standard error measurement confirms the reliability between the two systems. The developed device can be used as an alternative to the universal mechanical goniometer to measure joint kinematics in dynamic movements.
Improving Femoral Torsion Evaluation in Infants Through Analysis of Variability and Reliability in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Imaging Measurements of the Femoral Neck Axis
Authors: Chambers Tamara T. , Melendez Victoria , Anderson Andrew E. , Huayamave Victor A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The femoral neck axis serves as a critical parameter in evaluating hip joint health, particularly in the pediatric population. Commonly used metrics for evaluating femoral torsion, such as the femoral neck-shaft and femoral anteversion angles, rely heavily on precise definitions of the position and orientation of the femoral neck axis. Current measurement methods employing radiographs and performing two-dimensional (2D) measurements on computed tomography (CT) scans are susceptible to errors due to their reliance on reader experience and the inherent limitations in 2D measurements. We hypothesized that utilizing volumetric data would mitigate these errors and enable more accurate and reproducible measurements of the femoral neck axis using the femoral anteversion and femoral neck-shaft angles. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed a historical collection of postmortem infant femoral and pelvic bones (28 hips) aged 0 to 6.5 months, with an average estimated age of 4.68 ± 1.80 months. Our findings revealed an average neck-shaft angle of 128.00 ± 4.92 deg and femoral anteversion angle of 35.56 ± 11.68 deg across all femurs, consistent with literature values. These measurements obtained from volumetric image data were found to be repeatable and reliable compared to conventional methods. Our study suggests that the proposed methodology offers a standardized approach for obtaining repeatable and reproducible measurements, thus potentially enhancing diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making in assessing hip developmental conditions in pediatric patients.
Cavitation Performance of a Pump With Independently Rotating Inducer and Impeller in Co-Rotation and Counter-Rotation Modes by Varying Rotor Speeds
Authors: Dehnavi Ehsan , Danlos Amelie , Solis Moises , Kebdani Mohamed , Bakir Farid 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Centrifugal pumps, consisting of an inducer and impeller, are used in various industries such as marine, aerospace, and nuclear. Typically, inducers and impellers in centrifugal pumps are fixed on the same shaft, having the same rotation direction and speed. Thanks to the use of independent rotation technology for the inducer and impeller, each can be rotated simultaneously at different speeds and in different directions. This article investigates the impact of varying the speed ratio between the inducer and impeller on the cavitation performance of centrifugal pumps equipped with an inducer as an innovative concept of allowing the rotors to rotate independently. Two inducers with identical geometry with opposite rotation directions are used to study the impact of speed in both corotation and counter-rotation modes. The cavitation performance of each mode has been analyzed for three different flow rates at varying inducer speeds. The development and structure of different types of cavitation occurring both in the inducer and in the space between the inducer and the impeller have been analyzed using a high speed camera. The findings indicate that the inducer in counter-rotation mode demonstrates enhanced cavitation performance. Increasing the speed ratio of the inducer relative to the impeller in this mode significantly improves the pump cavitation performance at different flow rates, while in the corotation mode, increasing the speed results in the cavitation performance drop.
Profile and healthcare utilisation patterns of adolescent frequent attenders in Singapore primary care: a retrospective study
Authors: Koh Jeremy Wei Mei , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Choo Jeremy Wei Song , Chen Helen Yu , Koh Yi Ling Eileen , Ang Angelina Su Yin , Marimuttu Vicknesan Jeyan , Wu Ryan Song Lian , Sung Sharon Cohan , Ng Chirk Jenn 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesFrequent attenders (FAs) visit healthcare settings at higher rates compared with the general population and use disproportionate amounts of healthcare resources. Frequent attendance (FA) has also been associated with greater morbidity and adverse socioeconomic circumstances. Our study aimed to describe the sociodemographic profile, clinical presentation, and healthcare utilisation patterns of adolescent FAs at polyclinics in Singapore and to determine the factors associated with adolescent FA.DesignRetrospective electronic database analysis.SettingA cluster of eight state-subsidised public primary care clinics (polyclinics).ParticipantsMultiethnic Asian adolescents aged 10–19 years who attended the eight polyclinics in 2021. FAs were defined as the top 10% of clinic attendees in terms of annual visit frequency.ResultsIn 2021, 34 645 adolescents attended the polyclinics for 75 902 visits. Visits were for acute (52.8%), chronic (26.2%) and preventive (27.7%) care. FAs attended ≥4 visits annually, accounting for 14.4% of adolescents and 42.5% of total attendances. Compared with non-FAs, FAs were older (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.18, p<0.001), more likely to be of non-Chinese ethnicity, and have received financial aid (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.58 to 1.79, p<0.001). FAs had more underlying psychiatric conditions (p<0.001) but presented less frequently with psychiatric complaints (p<0.001). FAs were more likely to be referred to emergency departments (p<0.001) and psychiatry clinics (p<0.001), to be prescribed potentially addictive medication (p<0.001), and had longer annual medical leave certification (7 days (IQR=4–11) vs 3 days (IQR=1–3, p<0.001)).ConclusionAdolescent FA was associated with increasing age, non-Chinese ethnicity and lower socioeconomic status. Despite having more underlying psychiatric conditions, adolescent FAs presented more frequently with acute physical complaints instead of psychiatric symptoms. Adolescent FAs had longer annual medical leave certification and greater healthcare utilisation indicated by more clinic visits and referrals to emergency departments and psychiatry clinics.
Significance of the APPLE score and the monocyte–HDL cholesterol ratio in predicting late recurrence of atrial fibrillation following catheter ablation based on a retrospective study
Authors: Song Wei , Chen Yi , Chen Xue-Hai , Chen Jian-Hua , Xu Zhe , Gong Ke-Zeng , Wang Wei-Wei , Zhang Fei-Long 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveCollect the characteristics of patients’ baseline data, and explore the predictive factors of late recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation according to whether late recurrence or not. The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the APPLE score in conjunction with the monocyte–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) in predicting the late recurrence of AF after catheter ablation in patients with AF.MethodsBaseline data were collected to explore the predictors of late recurrence after AF catheter ablation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to compare the predictive value of MHR, the APPLE score and their combined variables in the late recurrence of AF after catheter ablation.ResultsThis is a retrospective study. A total of 438 patients were followed-up, including 303 cases of paroxysmal AF, 135 cases of persistent AF (28 cases of long-term persistent AF) and 115 cases of late recurrence. The Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that MHR, the APPLE score and early recurrence were independent predictors of the late recurrence of AF. The AUC of the combined variables for predicting late recurrence after catheter ablation in patients with AF was higher than that of MHR and the APPLE score (p<0.05). The ROC AUC of the combined variables in predicting the late recurrence of AF after catheter ablation was 0.733 (p<0.001, 95% CI: 0.660 to 0.806), and the best cut-off point was 0.2711 (sensitivity: 69.20%, specificity: 68.00%).ConclusionsEarly recurrence, MHR and the APPLE score are independent risk factors for the late recurrence of AF after catheter ablation. The combination of the APPLE score with MHR improved the value of predicting the late recurrence of AF after catheter ablation. The combined variables were a predictor of an increased late recurrence rate after catheter ablation for AF when the value was greater than 0.2711.
Non-uptake of dual protective polio vaccine and its determinants among children in Ethiopia using Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2019: a mixed-effect model
Authors: Agimas Muluken Chanie , Belew Aysheshim Kassahun , Muhammad Esmael Ali , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Bizuayehu Molla Azmeraw , Abate Biruk Beletew , Kassaw Amare 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe polio vaccine is the live-attenuated antigen that prevents poliomyelitis. According to a report by the WHO, about 1 million less than 5-year-old children missed the polio vaccination from 2018 to 2021. Even though Ethiopia is the most prioritised country for polio eradication, there is not enough evidence about the combined oral and inactivated vaccine in Ethiopia.ObjectiveTo assess the non-uptake of the dual protective polio vaccine and its determinants among children in Ethiopia using the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) 2019.MethodsThe secondary data analysis of a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using EDHS 2019 data among 3094 participants. Mixed-effects binary logistic regression was used for descriptive analysis and identifying the predictors using a p value of <0.05. Intraclass correlation was used to assess the clustering effect.ResultsThe prevalence of non-uptake of the dual protective polio vaccine in Ethiopia was 44% (95% CI 42.2% to 45.8%). Predictors like women with low proportions of community media exposure (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.3, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.8) and no history of antenatal care visits (AOR=2.3, 95% CI 3.89 to 6.35) were significantly associated with non-uptake of the dual protective polio vaccine.ConclusionThe burden of non-uptake of the dual protective polio vaccine in Ethiopia was still high. Low community media exposure and no antenatal care utilisation were the predictors of non-uptake of the dual protective polio vaccine. We recommend improving media access and antenatal care services to expand polio vaccination.
Artificial intelligence (AI) for paediatric fracture detection: a multireader multicase (MRMC) study protocol
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan C , Pauling Cato , Allan Emma , Langan Dean , Ashworth Emily , Yung Ka-Wai , Barber Joy , Haque Saira , Rosewarne David , Woznitza Nick , Ather Sarim , Novak Alex , Theivendran Kanthan , Arthurs Owen J 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPaediatric fractures are common but can be easily missed on radiography leading to potentially serious implications including long-term pain, disability and missed opportunities for safeguarding in cases of inflicted injury. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools to assist fracture detection in adult patients exist, although their efficacy in children is less well known. This study aims to evaluate whether a commercially available AI tool (certified for paediatric use) improves healthcare professionals (HCPs) detection of fractures, and how this may impact patient care in a retrospective simulated study design.Methods and analysisUsing a multicentric dataset of 500 paediatric radiographs across four body parts, the diagnostic performance of HCPs will be evaluated across two stages—first without, followed by with the assistance of an AI tool (BoneView, Gleamer) after an interval 4-week washout period. The dataset will contain a mixture of normal and abnormal cases. HCPs will be recruited across radiology, orthopaedics and emergency medicine. We will aim for 40 readers, with ~14 in each subspecialty, half being experienced consultants. For each radiograph HCPs will evaluate presence of a fracture, their confidence level and a suitable simulated management plan. Diagnostic accuracy will be judged against a consensus interpretation by an expert panel of two paediatric radiologists (ground truth). Multilevel logistic modelling techniques will analyse and report diagnostic accuracy outcome measures for fracture detection. Descriptive statistics will evaluate changes in simulated patient management.Ethics and disseminationThis study was granted approval by National Health Service Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales (REC Reference: 22/PR/0334). IRAS Project ID is 274 278. Funding has been provided by the National Institute for Heath and Care Research (NIHR) (Grant ID: NIHR-301322). Findings from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences and non-peer-reviewed media and social media outlets.Trial registration numberISRCTN12921105.
Explaining reproductive health inequalities among people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-narrative review protocol
Authors: Kaley Alexandra , Eastham Rachael , McMahon Martin Joseph , Merrett Nicola 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPeople with intellectual disabilities experience health inequalities at a greater level than their non-disabled peers. Notably, while general health status is starting to receive some attention, the reproductive health and rights of people with intellectual disabilities continue to be understudied from a policy and research perspective. The objective of this review is to elucidate the complex interplay between individual, social and structural factors that influence reproductive health outcomes for this population. The findings will be used to develop a theoretical framework to explain how and why reproductive health inequalities persist for people with intellectual disabilities and to identify gaps in the knowledge base to inform future research on this topic.Methods and analysisA six-stage meta-narrative review will be undertaken to synthesise the available evidence that seeks to explain the reproductive health inequalities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities and the factors contributing to these inequalities. The protocol for this review was developed in accordance with the Realist And MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards publication standards, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol guideline is completed to ensure transparency.Ethics and disseminationThis meta-narrative review protocol does not require formal ethics review because it will be based on published studies. The findings from this review will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences. We will also produce our findings in a range of accessible and easy-to-read formats.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024495199.
Evaluating transportability of overall survival estimates from US to UK populations receiving first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kent Seamus , Mpofu Philani , Duffield Stephen , Adam Jane , Beal Brennan , Royce Trevor J , Adamson Blythe , Kasturi Jyotsna , Sujenthiran Arun , Jónsson Páll 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to explore how the UK versus the USA compare in patient characteristics, treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) initiating first-line (1L) treatment.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingOncology treatment centres in the USA and UK.ParticipantsPeople in the USA and UK diagnosed with aNSCLC and treated in the 1L setting between 2016 and 2018. The US cohort was obtained from a nationwide electronic health record-derived deidentified database. The UK cohort information was derived from a published study exploring the patient characteristics, treatments and outcomes of people with aNSCLC in the UK.Interventions1L chemotherapy, immunotherapy monotherapy or targeted therapy.Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome was OS—defined as the time from treatment initiation to death from any cause.ResultsThere were 1003 patients in the UK and 3819 in the US cohorts receiving 1L therapy for aNSCLC. After standardising the US cohort to the UK cohort, median OS in the USA and UK was similar across 1L drug classes: chemotherapies (7.7 (95% CI 7.1 to 8.3) vs 8.1 (95% CI 7.4 to 8.9) months), immunotherapies (13.9 (95% CI 11.0 to 17.1) vs 14.0 (95% CI 10.7 to 20.6)) and targeted therapies (21.6 (95% CI 18.5 to 23.7) vs 20.2 (95% CI 16.0 to 30.5)). OS curves for 1L immunotherapy and targeted therapy were almost overlapping after standardisation. OS after around 12 months was higher in US patients compared with UK patients receiving 1L chemotherapy regimens. Of those receiving 1L chemotherapy, the proportion receiving any second-line therapy appeared higher for patients in the USA versus UK.ConclusionsThe results suggest that in aNSCLC patients receiving 1L treatment, US data have the potential to be used in technology evaluations to understand long-term OS where UK data are unavailable or sparse.
Decomposing rural-urban differences in depression prevalence: a cross-sectional analysis of two community-based southern Indian cohorts
Authors: Rai Pooja , Sahadevan Pravin , Issac Thomas G , Sundarakumar Jonas S 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDepression is a growing public health concern in India but its prevalence is uneven across the country, possibly influenced by several sociodemographic factors. We aimed to assess the rural-urban disparity in the prevalence of depression and their associated sociodemographic and lifestyle-related factors.MethodsParticipants were middle-aged and older adults (≥45 years) from two parallel, prospective cohorts from rural (CBR-SANSCOG, n=4493) and urban (CBR-TLSA, n=972) southern India. We used cross-sectional data from the baseline clinical and biochemical assessments of the above two cohorts. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) was used to screen for depression (cut-off ≥10). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between place of residence (rural vs urban) and prevalence of depression, adjusting for age, sex, education, income, marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), alcohol use, tobacco use and number of comorbidities. The Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to decompose the rural-urban disparity.ResultsWe found that the prevalence of depression was significantly higher in rural than in urban participants (14.49% vs 8.23%, p<0.001). The fully adjusted binary logistic regression model showed that rural-dwelling individuals were 1.57 times more likely to have depression than urban residents (AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.39). In the decomposition analysis, the variables included in this model (age, sex, education, income, marital status, BMI, alcohol use, tobacco use and number of comorbidities) explained 35.21% of the rural-urban disparity in the prevalence of depression, with sex and marital status being the significant contributors.ConclusionParticipants in our rural cohort had significantly higher odds for depression as compared to their urban counterparts, with sociodemographic factors playing a key role in this disparity. This underscores the need for scaling up mental health services in the rural communities of India including training primary healthcare providers to promptly identify and manage depression.
Cybersecurity entity recognition model for IoT via hierarchical attention mechanism
Authors: Wu Chunwang , Liu Jiayong , Huang Cheng , Li Linxia 
Published: December 2024

In the current landscape, the Internet of Things (IoT) finds its utility across diverse sectors, including finance, healthcare, and beyond. However, security emerges as the principal obstacle impeding the advancement of IoT. Given the intricate nature of IoT cybersecurity, traditional security protocols fall short when addressing the unique challenges within the IoT domain. Security strategies anchored in the cybersecurity knowledge graph present a robust solution to safeguard IoT ecosystems. The foundation of these strategies lies in the intricate networks of the cybersecurity knowledge graph, with Named Entity Recognition (NER) serving as a crucial initial step in its implementation. Conventional cybersecurity entity recognition approaches IoT grapple with the complexity of cybersecurity entities, characterized by their sophisticated structures and vague meanings. Additionally, these traditional models are inadequate at discerning all the interrelations between cybersecurity entities, rendering their direct application in IoT security impractical. This paper introduces an innovative Cybersecurity Entity Recognition Model, referred to as CERM, designed to pinpoint cybersecurity entities within IoT. CERM employs a hierarchical attention mechanism that proficiently maps the interdependencies among cybersecurity entities. Leveraging these mapped dependencies, CERM precisely identifies IoT cybersecurity entities. Comparative evaluation experiments illustrate CERM’s superior performance over the existing entity recognition models, marking a significant advancement in the field of IoT security.