bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of collagen supplementation on pain scores in healthy individuals with self-reported knee pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bongers Coen C.W.G. , Ten Haaf Dominique S.M. , Catoire Milène , Kersten Bregina , Wouters Jeroen A. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , Hopman Maria T.E. 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks collagen peptide (CP) supplementation on knee pain and function in individuals with self-reported knee pain. Healthy physically active individuals (n = 167; aged 63 [interquartile range = 56–68] years) with self-reported knee pain received 10 g/day of CP or placebo for 12 weeks. Knee pain and function were measured with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Lysholm questionnaire, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Furthermore, we assessed changes in inflammatory, cartilage, and bone (bio)markers. Measurements were conducted at baseline and after 12 weeks of supplementation. Baseline VAS did not differ between CP and placebo (4.7 [2.5–6.1] vs. 4.7 [2.8–6.2], p = 0.50), whereas a similar decrease in VAS was observed after supplementation (−1.6 ± 2.4 vs. −1.9 ± 2.6, p = 0.42). The KOOS and Lysholm scores increased after supplementation in both groups (p values < 0.001), whereas the increase in the KOOS and Lysholm scores did not differ between groups (p = 0.28 and p = 0.76, respectively). Furthermore, CP did not impact inflammatory, cartilage, and bone (bio)markers (p values > 0.05). A reduced knee pain and improved knee function were observed following supplementation, but changes were similar between groups. This suggests that CP supplementation over a 12-week period does not reduce knee pain in healthy, active, middle-aged to elderly individuals. Novelty CP supplementation over a 12-week period does not reduce knee pain in healthy, active, middle-aged to elderly individuals. CP supplementation over a 12-week period does not impact on inflammatory, cartilage, and bone (bio)markers in healthy, active, middle-aged to elderly individuals.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Spectrum of cosmological correlation from vacuum fluctuation of stringy axion in entangled de Sitter space
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Panda Sudhakar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we study the impact of quantum entanglement on the two-point correlation function and the associated primordial power spectrum of mean square vacuum fluctuation in a bipartite quantum field theoretic system. The field theory that we consider is the effective theorry of axion field arising from Type IIB string theory compactified to four dimensions. We compute the expression for the power spectrum of vacuum fluctuation in three different approaches, namely (1) field operator expansion (FOE) technique with the quantum entangled state, (2) reduced density matrix (RDM) formalism with mixed quantum state and (3) the method of non-entangled state (NES). For massless axion field, in all these three formalism, we reproduce, at the leading order, the exact scale invariant power spectrum which is well known in the literature. We observe that due to quantum entanglement, the sub-leading terms for these thee formalisms are different. Thus, such correction terms break the degeneracy among the analysis of the FOE, RDM and NES formalisms in the super-horizon limit. On the other hand, for massive axion field we get a slight deviation from scale invariance and exactly quantify the spectral tilt of the power spectrum in small scales. Apart from that, for massless and massive axion field, we find distinguishable features of the power spectrum for the FOE, RDM, and NES on the large scales, which is the result of quantum entanglement. We also find that such large-scale effects are comparable to or greater than the curvature radius of the de Sitter space. Most importantly, in near future if experiments probe for early universe phenomena, one can detect such small quantum effects. In such a scenario, it is possible to test the implications of quantum entanglement in primordial cosmology.
Longitudinal beam dynamics studies at the PIP-II injector test facility
Authors: Carneiro J.-P. , Hanna B. , Prost L. , Saini A. , Shemyakin A. , Sun D. 
Published: January 2020

The Proton Improvement Plan, Stage Two (PIP-II), is a program of upgrades proposed for the Fermilab injection complex, the central part of which is an 800 MeV, 2 mA CW-compatible SRF linac. A prototype of the PIP-II linac front-end called the PIP-II Injector Test (PIP2IT) is being built at Fermilab. As of now, a 15 mA DC, 30 keV H[Formula: see text] ion source, a 2 m long Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT), a 2.1 MeV CW Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), followed by a 10 m Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) have been installed and tested. A Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) installed in the MEBT measures the length of a beamlet cut out of the bunch by a small-size entrance hole of the FFC. The information about the bunch length measured at various settings allows for the reconstruction of the longitudinal beam dynamics and optimization of injection into the first cryomodule.
Single-Cell Proteomic Profiling Identifies Combined AXL and JAK1 Inhibition as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Taverna Josephine A. , Hung Chia-Nung , DeArmond Daniel T. , Chen Meizhen , Lin Chun-Lin , Osmulski Pawel A. , Gaczynska Maria E. , Wang Chiou-Miin , Lucio Nicholas D. , Chou Chih-Wei , Chen Chun-Liang , Nazarullah Alia , Lampkin Shellye R. , Qiu Lianqun , Bearss David J. , Warner Steven , Whatcott Clifford J. , Mouritsen Lars , Wade Mark , Weitman Steven , Mesa Ruben A. , Kirma Nameer B. , Chao Wei-Ting , Huang Tim H.-M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) simultaneously measures multiple cellular proteins at the single-cell level and is used to assess intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity. This approach may be used to investigate the variability of individual tumor responses to treatments. Herein, we stratified lung tumor subpopulations based on AXL signaling as a potential targeting strategy. Integrative transcriptome analyses were used to investigate how TP-0903, an AXL kinase inhibitor, influences redundant oncogenic pathways in metastatic lung cancer cells. CyTOF profiling revealed that AXL inhibition suppressed SMAD4/TGFβ signaling and induced JAK1–STAT3 signaling to compensate for the loss of AXL. Interestingly, high JAK1–STAT3 was associated with increased levels of AXL in treatment-naïve tumors. Tumors with high AXL, TGFβ, and JAK1 signaling concomitantly displayed CD133-mediated cancer stemness and hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition features in advanced-stage patients, suggesting greater potential for distant dissemination. Diffusion pseudotime analysis revealed cell-fate trajectories among four different categories that were linked to clinicopathologic features for each patient. Patient-derived organoids (PDO) obtained from tumors with high AXL and JAK1 were sensitive to TP-0903 and ruxolitinib (JAK inhibitor) treatments, supporting the CyTOF findings. This study shows that single-cell proteomic profiling of treatment-naïve lung tumors, coupled with ex vivo testing of PDOs, identifies continuous AXL, TGFβ, and JAK1–STAT3 signal activation in select tumors that may be targeted by combined AXL–JAK1 inhibition.

Significance:
Single-cell proteomic profiling of clinical samples may facilitate the optimal selection of novel drug targets, interpretation of early-phase clinical trial data, and development of predictive biomarkers valuable for patient stratification.
Left Atrial Volume, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Diastolic Function in Healthy Individuals: The HUNT Study, Norway
Authors: Letnes Jon Magne , Nes Bjarne , Vaardal‐Lunde Kristina , Slette Martine Bratt , Mølmen‐Hansen Harald Edvard , Aspenes Stian Thoresen , Støylen Asbjørn , Wisløff Ulrik , Dalen Håvard 
Published: January 2020

Background

Left atrial (
LA
) size and cardiorespiratory fitness (
CRF
) are predictors of future cardiovascular events in high‐risk populations.
LA
dilatation is a diagnostic criterion for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. However,
LA
is dilated in endurance athletes with high
CRF
, but little is known about the association between
CRF
and
LA
size in healthy, free‐living individuals. We hypothesized that in a healthy population,
LA
size was associated with
CRF
and leisure‐time physical activity, but not with echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

Methods and Results

In this cross‐sectional study from HUNT (Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study), 107 men and 138 women, aged 20 to 82 years, without hypertension, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or malignant disease participated.
LA
volume was assessed by echocardiography and indexed to body surface area LAVI (left atrial volume index).
CRF
was measured as peak oxygen uptake (
VO
2peak
) using ergospirometry, and percent of age‐ and‐sex‐predicted
VO
2peak
was calculated. Indexes of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were assessed in accordance with latest recommendations.
LAVI
was >34 mL/m
2
in 39% of participants, and
LAVI
was positively associated with
VO
2peak
and percentage of age‐ and‐sex‐predicted
VO
2peak
(β (95% CI) 0.18 (0.09‐0.28) and 0.10 (0.05‐0.15)), respectively) weighted minutes of physical activity per week (β [95%
CI
], 0.01 [0.003–0.015]).
LAVI
was not associated with other indexes of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. There was an effect modification between age and
VO
2peak
/percentage of age‐ and‐sex‐predicted
VO
2peak
showing higher
LAVI
with advanced age and higher
VO
2peak
/percentage of age‐ and‐sex‐predicted
VO
2peak
as presented in prediction diagrams.

Conclusions

Interpretation of
LAVI
as a marker of diastolic dysfunction should be done in relation to age‐relative
CRF
. Studies on the prognostic value of
LAVI
in fit subpopulations are needed.
The Role of Cloud Size and Environmental Moisture in Shallow Cumulus Precipitation
Authors: Smalley Kevin M. , Rapp Anita D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCloud models show that precipitation is more likely to occur in larger shallow clouds and/or in an environment with more moisture, in part as a result of decreasing the impacts of entrainment mixing on the updrafts. However, the role of cloud size in shallow cloud precipitation onset from global satellite observations has mostly been examined with precipitation proxies from imagers and has not been systematically examined in active sensors, primarily because of sensitivity limitations of previous spaceborne active instruments. Here we use the more sensitiveCloudSat/CALIPSOobservations to identify and characterize the properties of individual contiguous shallow cumulus cloud objects. The objects are conditionally sampled by cloud-top height to determine the changes in precipitation likelihood with increasing cloud size and column water vapor. On average, raining shallow cumulus clouds are typically taller by a factor of 2 and have a greater horizontal extent than their nonraining counterparts. Results show that for a fixed cloud-top height the likelihood of precipitation increases with increasing cloud size and generally follows a double power-law distribution. This suggests that the smallest cloud objects are able to grow freely within the boundary layer but the largest cloud objects are limited by environmental moisture. This is supported by our results showing that, for a fixed cloud-top height and cloud size, the precipitation likelihood also increases as environmental moisture increases. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that larger clouds occurring in a wetter environment may be better able to protect their updrafts from entrainment effects, increasing their chances of raining.
Using Co-Behavior Analysis to Interrogate the Performance of CMIP5 GCMs over Southern Africa
Authors: Quagraine Kwesi A. , Hewitson Bruce , Jack Christopher , Wolski Piotr , Pinto Izidine , Lennard Christopher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs established in earlier research, analysis of the combined roles (co-behavior) of multiple climate processes provides useful insights into the drivers of regional climate variability, especially for regions with no singular large-scale circulation control. Here, we extend the previous study in order to examine the performance of eight models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) in representing co-behavior influence on surface expressions over southern Africa. We find that although models broadly simulate observed precipitation responses over southern Africa, they fail to produce statistically strong response signals for an important drought pattern (El Niño co-behaving with positive Antarctic Oscillation during summer) for the region. We also demonstrate that the models show statistically strong temperature response signals to co-behavior that agree well with observed responses over the region. The multimodel ensemble mean although consistent with observations shows a larger spread. By elucidating the performance of models in representing observed co-behavior of climate processes, we are able to evaluate models while establishing important information for understanding of climate variability.
Mixing Rates and Bottom Drag in Bering Strait
Authors: Couto Nicole , Alford Matthew H. , MacKinnon Jennifer , Mickett John B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThree shipboard survey lines were occupied in Bering Strait during autumn of 2015, where high-resolution measurements of temperature, salinity, velocity, and turbulent dissipation rates were collected. These first-reported turbulence measurements in Bering Strait show that dissipation rates here are high even during calm winds. High turbulence in the strait has important implications for the modification of water properties during transit from the Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean. Measured diffusivities averaging 2 × 10−2 m2 s−1 are capable of causing watermass property changes of 0.1°C and 0.1 psu during the ~1–2-day transit through the narrowest part of the strait. We estimate friction velocity using both the dissipation and profile methods and find a bottom drag coefficient of 2.3 (±0.4) × 10−3. This result is smaller than values typically used to estimate bottom stress in the region and may improve predictions of transport variability through Bering Strait.
Horizontal Transport of Buoyant Material by Turbulent Jets in the Upper Ocean
Authors: Kukulka Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrents in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL) determine the horizontal transport of submerged buoyant material, such as pollutants, plankton, and bubbles. Commonly, the mean horizontal transport, that is, the transport that changes the horizontal position of the material’s center of mass, is assumed to be accomplished by horizontal mean currents. However, surface convergence zones due to OSBL turbulence organize both wind-driven horizontal currents and near-surface concentrated buoyant material. In such surface convergence zones, concentrations of buoyant material are enhanced (e.g., apparent as windrows) and collocate with increased horizontal turbulent currents, here referred to as turbulent jets. In turn, the correlation of turbulent jet flow and material concentrations leads to a net mean horizontal transport due to turbulent motion. To examine this turbulent jet transport, an idealized model is devised for a wind-driven flow that is perturbed by prescribed cellular flow structures with crosswind surface convergence zones. Model solutions of the jet flow and material concentrations reveal that turbulent jet transport is comparable to the transport by horizontal mean currents for sufficiently strong cellular flow and material buoyancy. To test this model, we also perform more realistic turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulations (LESs) of wind and wave-driven OSBL turbulence. LES results are consistent with many features of the idealized model and suggest that the commonly overlooked turbulent jet transport is about 20%–50% of the traditional transport by horizontal mean currents. Thus, turbulent jet transport should be taken into account for accurate transport models of buoyant material in the OSBL.
Association between right heart diastolic function and clinical presentation of chronic venous disease and primary varicose veins of lower extremities
Authors: Rusinovich Yury , Rusinovich Volha 
Published: January 2020

Aim This study examines the association between right heart diastolic function and clinical presentation of chronic venous disease and primary varicose veins of lower extremities. Material and methods We performed retrospective analysis of clinical, peripheral venous Duplex and tricuspid Doppler (early diastolic inflow E-wave, late diastolic inflow A-wave, ratios of E to A waves, early diastolic annular e′-wave, late diastolic annular a′-wave and systolic annular s′- wave) data of 85 patients, 133 legs with primary varicose veins. Results We found following significant (p-value < 0.05) associations between tricuspid Doppler and clinical presentation of chronic venous disease and primary varicose veins: Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathophysiological clinical class influenced late diastolic inflow velocities (C6 class A-wave +11.2 cm/s or +27% in comparison with C2), late diastolic annular velocities (C6 class a′-wave +3.3 cm/s or +22% in comparison with C2), systolic annular velocities (C6 class s′-wave +3.7 cm/s or +27% in comparison with C2) and E/A ratios (C6 class E/A ratio −0.22 or −21% in comparison with C2). Recurrent varices in comparison with previously untreated are associated with significantly lower late diastolic inflow velocities (A-wave −4.4 cm/s or −9%) and preserved E/A ratios. Age significantly influenced tricuspid Doppler (E-, A-, e′-, a′-waves and E/A ratios) in patients with chronic venous disease. Conclusion Clinical presentation of primary varicose veins and chronic venous disease can be associated with the right heart diastolic function: C6 Clinical Etiological Anatomical Pathophysiological class in comparison with C2 is associated with increased right ventricular filling and impaired ventricular relaxation – right heart diastolic dysfunction; recurrent varices in comparison with previously untreated are associated with reduced right ventricular filling and preserved right heart diastolic function. Older age is the most important risk factor for varicose veins and chronic venous disease possible due to significant changes in right ventricular filling and in right heart diastolic function with age.
Value of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient for Assessing Preoperative T Staging of Low Rectal Cancer and Whether This Is Correlated With Ki-67 Expression
Authors: Ao Weiqun , Bao Xiangdong , Mao Guoqun , Yang Guangzhao , Wang Jian , Hu Jinwen 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To explore the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in assessing preoperative T staging of low rectal cancer and the correlation between ADC value and Ki-67 expression. Methods: Data on 77 patients with a proven pathology of low rectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan 1 week prior to operation, and the mean ADC value was measured. All tumors were fully removed, and pathologic staging was determined. The Ki-67 expression was determined using immunohistochemical methods in all patients. The correlation between Ki-67 expression and ADC features was studied. Results: A total of 77 patients with low rectal cancer were included in the study. The pathology type was adenocarcinoma. The numbers of patients with pathological stages T1, T2, T3, and T4 were 9, 23, 32, and 13, respectively. The ADC value of all tumors ranged from 0.60 to 1.20 mm2/s. The average Ki-67 proliferation index was 55.3% ± 20.2%. A significant difference was observed between the preoperative ADC value and pathological T staging of low rectal cancer ( P < .01). The more advanced the T stage, the lower the detected ADC values were. A negative correlation was noted between the preoperative ADC value and Ki-67 proliferation index of rectal cancer ( r = −0.71, P < .01). When the Ki-67 proliferation index increased, lower ADC values were detected. Conclusion: The ADC values can provide useful information on preoperative tumor staging and may facilitate evaluation of the biological behavior of low rectal cancer. The ADC values should be considered a sensitive image biomarker of rectal cancer.
The feasibility analysis of calculating proptosis by simple Pythagorean theorem
Authors: Zhang Weili , Zeng Junlin , Huang Qinying , Liu Zhichang , Li Jinying 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: We propose a new method to analyze the feasibility of calculating proptosis on the basis of simple Pythagorean theorem. Method: This is a non-inferiority trial, and the registration number is ChiCTR1900026490. The absolute value of proptosis of two eyes of patients without eye injury or diseases visiting our clinic from December 2017 to June 2019 was measured by computed tomography, Hertel exophthalmometer, and by simple Pythagorean theorem. With the application of MedCalc software version 19.0.4, the differences between these methods in two eyes were showed by Bland and Altman plot. Results: A 95% limit of agreement between computed tomography and Hertel exophthalmometer is −0.7 to 0.62 mm in right eye proptosis. A total of 4.44% (4/90) points were outside 95% limit of agreement. Similarly, the same method was used to compare the proptosis between computed tomography and other ways. We also compared the proptosis measured by homolateral and heterolateral simple Pythagorean theorem method in order to find out the consistence between them. The points in all Bland and Altman plots were lower than 5%, which means that the results of comparison between any two methods had a good consistency in the measurement of proptosis of both eyes. Conclusion: Pythagorean theorem can be applied to evaluate proptosis and has a good consistency comparing with computed tomography and the Hertel exophthalmometer. The method can be used for measuring proptosis of unilateral orbital, maxillofacial trauma, and dysplasia accurately. It is practical in clinical use of proptosis assessment because of its accuracy, reliability, and simplicity.