bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nested structure of urban business clusters
Authors: Cottineau Clémentine , Arcaute Elsa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the cluster theory literature is bountiful in economics and regional science, there is still a lack of understanding of how the geographical scales of analysis (neighbourhood, city, region) relate to one another and impact the observed phenomenon, and to which extent the clusters are industrially coherent or geographically consistent. In this paper, we cluster spatial economic activities through a multi-scalar approach making use of percolation theory. We consider both the industrial similarity and the geographical proximity between firms, through their joint probability function which is constructed as a copula. This gives rise to an emergent nested hierarchy of geoindustrial clusters, which enables us to analyse the relationships between the different scales, and specific industrial sectors. Using longitudinal business microdata from the Office for National Statistics, we look at the evolution of clusters which spans from very local groups of businesses to the metropolitan level, in 2007 and in 2014, so that the changes stemming from the financial crisis can be observed.
Prescribing patterns and drug-related problems (DRPs) in transfusiondependent paediatric thalassemia patients
Authors: Babu Tirin , Panachiyil George Mathew , Sebastian Juny , Ravi Mandyam Dhati 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Each year nearly 10,000 children with thalassaemia major are born in India, but among them, very few are optimally managed mainly in urban regions even though the Government of India has incorporated their care and treatment in the 12th Five-Year Plan. Data on prescribing patterns and drug-related problems (DRPs) in paediatric thalassaemia patients in India are limited.

Methods:
In this prospective interventional study, the medications prescribed were recorded after reviewing the treatment charts, thalassaemia register, thalassaemia card, nurses' notes, as well as discharge summaries. When DRPs and/or medication errors were identified, the same was discussed with the concerned health care professionals and suitable suggestions were made at the earliest.

Results:
Out of the enrolled 54 patients, only 94% (n = 51) of the patients received iron chelation therapy with deferasirox and/or deferiprone, Folic acid tablet was prescribed for 100% of the patients (n = 54). Five percent of patients (n = 3) had undergone splenectomy and was prescribed with amoxicillin prophylactically. There were a total of 16 DRPs and 15 medication errors were identified and suitable measurements were taken to solve these problems.

Conclusions:
The prescribing patterns, DRPs and medication errors in transfusion-dependent paediatric thalassaemia patients were discussed in this study. Our study was effective in identifying and solving the DRPs and medication problems that occurred in thalassaemia patients.
Cultural Autonomy in Hungary: Inward or Outward Looking?
Authors: Sansum Judit Molnár , Dobos Balázs 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the late 1980s, the interpretations of policy toward Hungary’s minorities—most notably the country’s 1993 minority law and the minority self-governments established as part of a system of nonterritorial autonomy (NTA)—have been the subject of debates in politics and academia in at least two critical respects. Aside from the declarative character of the law, foremost has been the question of Hungary’s kin-state activism toward Hungarians abroad and the implications this has carried for domestic minority issues. A second—and related—question has concerned the extent to which cultural autonomy and minority rights are in accordance with the needs of the Roma, by far the country’s largest ethnic minority group. A growing number of scholars have accepted the argument that the minority law was enacted because of concerns regarding Hungarian minorities living in the neighboring countries. In our view, it is more appropriate to ask instead how Hungary’s kin-state policies have influenced the opportunities for domestic groups, and, in particular, how Hungary fits into the broader context of post-Communist state- and nation-building projects. This is the approach we take in this article, which aims to unpack and reconcile the complex and seemingly contradictory findings on the Hungarian case. Our conclusions are drawn from a content analysis of parliamentary debates on the minority law—something that has never previously been undertaken. This is supplemented by semi-structured interviews with former and current politicians and minority activists.
Caring in space: the boundaries between public and private spaces in Finnish adult foster care homes
Authors: Leinonen Emilia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to explore a hybrid community-based form of care for older people called adult foster care. In the article, the nature of the foster care home as a place of care is explored from the foster carers’ point-of-view. It is based on an interview study of 12 foster carers. In this article, the theoretical frameworks from human geography and work–family research are combined in order to analyse the boundaries between private family-life and public work-life in the particular space of the foster care home. The research questions are: What kinds of public and private spaces exist in adult foster care homes? What kinds of boundaries separate (a) the public and private spaces and (b) the foster care home and the outside world? The findings suggest that foster care homes are very complex socio-spatial places of care, in which the questions of power (who can do what and when in a certain space), the re-organisation of home, and the division of private and public spaces all contest the idea of home as a mere ‘safe haven’ from the pressures of work life. Different boundaries and boundary management strategies enabled the foster carers to regard their place of living and working as their home, even though it had altered to a place of care of ‘strangers’.
Definitive concurrent chemoradiation versus laryngectomy and postoperative radiation using IMRT in locally advanced laryngeal cancer: experience from a regional cancer centre of Eastern India
Authors: Das Subhadip , Lahiri Debarshi , Dam Aniruddha , Maji Tapas , Roy Sanjoy , Ray Dilip Kumar , Mandal Syamsundar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction:For patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer, two main treatment options are either up-front surgery [total laryngectomy (TL)] followed by postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) or definitive concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) with surgery retained as salvage. The objectives were to study the feasibility of CCRT using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in locally advanced laryngeal cancer with respect to response, toxicities, and quality of life (QoL) and comparison with other modality—TL with post-operative RT.Material and Methods:The records of 48 patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer (T3/T4aN0-2), registered between years 2014 and 2017, treated with IMRT (definitive or adjuvant postoperative IMRT) were analysed from the hospital database. The patients received RT either as definitive CCRT or as adjuvant treatment after TL. RT in all patients was delivered with IMRT-SIB(simultaneous integrated boost) technique and concurrent chemotherapy with weekly cisplatin. The response was assessed at 12 weeks. Toxicities and QoL were assessed and compared between patients receiving definitive CCRT and adjuvant RT.Results:92·3% patients who received definitive CCRT achieved complete response. Toxicities were of low grade in patients receiving both definitive and adjuvant treatments. All the patients (except two partial responders of CCRT) remained disease-free at the last follow-up. At 2 years of follow-up of each patient—Global QoL, emotional and social functioning were better in definitive CCRT patients. Laryngectomy patients had more dyspnoea, insomnia and financial difficulties. Although the problems of dry mouth, sticky saliva and swallowing were comparable, laryngectomy patients faced more problems with speech, senses, social eating, social contact and cough.Conclusions:Definitive CCRT using IMRT-SIB with weekly cisplatin is a feasible option for patients of locally advanced laryngeal cancer with acceptable response rate. IMRT yields better toxicity outcomes with sparing of organs at risk. CCRT patients have better QoL than laryngectomy patients in several parameters.
Translating ‘big data’: better understanding of host-pathogen interactions to control bacterial foodborne pathogens in poultry
Authors: Deblais Loïc , Kathayat Dipak , Helmy Yosra A. , Closs Gary , Rajashekara Gireesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent technological advances has led to the generation, storage, and sharing of colossal sets of information (‘big data’), and the expansion of ‘omics’ in science. To date, genomics/metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are arguably the most ground breaking approaches in food and public safety. Here we review some of the recent studies of foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli) in poultry using big data. Genomic/metagenomic approaches have reveal the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease. They have also been used to identify, monitor, and understand the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms and provide concrete evidence about the role of poultry in human infections. Transcriptomics studies have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology and immunopathology of foodborne pathogens in poultry and have led to the identification of host-resistance mechanisms. Proteomic/metabolomic approaches have aided in identifying biomarkers and the rapid detection of low levels of foodborne pathogens. Overall, ‘omics' approaches complement each other and may provide, at least in part, a solution to our current food-safety issues by facilitating the development of new rapid diagnostics, therapeutic drugs, and vaccines to control foodborne pathogens in poultry. However, at this time most ‘omics' approaches still remain underutilized due to their high cost and the high level of technical skills required.
“Little Dancing Indians”: Tradition and Utopian Listening in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico
Authors: BLACK AMANDA M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSan Miguel de Allende, a city of 171,857 located in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, most often appears in media outlets in laudatory publicity, advertising this urban space as perfect for voluntary “lifestyle” immigration and tourism both foreign and national. This article addresses the social tensions, fissures, and paradoxes that emerge from specific auralities of San Miguel's temporary residents. Their romanticized reception of traditional Indigenous danza performances contrasts sharply with the perceived noise of hip-hop in the town's historic center. As more and more residents hailing from outside San Miguel search for their own versions of “small town Mexico,” the racialized experiences of young sanmiguelenses are invisibilized in the overwhelmingly positive reception of Indigenous danzas. The championing of mestizaje as the sole visage for Mexican modernity leaves a convenient space for transnational racism located at the nexus of racialized economic privilege and colonial imagination. In this purportedly post-racial ideological context, how can the analysis of settler-colonizer aurality uncover the racialized structures that undergird the nation-state's management of cultural tourism?
The Ch'ixi Blackness of Nación Rap's Aymara Hip-Hop
Authors: SWINEHART KARL 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis essay examines the music of Nación Rap, Aymara rappers of El Alto, Bolivia, as an expression of what Aymara sociologist Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui terms a ch'ixi cultural form, one that juxtaposes seeming opposites into a changed third. I look to earlier moments of Aymara and Quechua cultural production, specifically colonial New World Baroque art, to consider Aymara hip hop as another instance of ch'ixi cosmopolitanism. In examining the lyrical, musical, and visual elements of Nación Rap's performance, I argue that their music intervenes in local ideologies of race and Indigeneity. By reformulating what is understood as Aymara, by situating the Aymara language as poetically equivalent to the colonial lingua franca of Spanish, English, and French, and by wearing Aymara clothing and hairstyles in the performance of an urban musical genre with proximity to Blackness, these artists challenge dominant racial logics of their society.
Implementation of a novel Fibonacci branch search optimizer for the design of the low sidelobe and deep nulling adaptive beamformer
Authors: Zhang Haichuan , Zeng Fangling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we proposed an adaptive beamformer based on a novel heuristic optimization algorithm. The novel optimization technique inspired from Fibonacci sequence principle, designated as Fibonacci branch search (FBS), used new tree's branches fundamental structure and interactive searching rules to obtain the global optimal solution in the search space. The branch structure of FBS is selected using two types of multidimensional points on the basis of shortening fraction formed by Fibonacci sequence; in this mode, interactive global and local searching rules are implemented alternately to obtain the optimal solutions, avoiding stagnating in local optimum. The proposed FBS is also used here to construct an adaptive beamforming (ABF) technique as a real-time implementation to achieve near-optimal performance for its simplicity and high convergence rate, then, the performance of the FBS is compared with the five typical heuristic optimization algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed FBS approach in locating the optimal solution with higher precision and reveal further improvement in the ABF performance.
Controlled Cooling‐Rate Experiments on Olivine‐Hosted Melt Inclusions: Chemical Diffusion and Quantification of Eruptive Cooling Rates on Hawaii and Mars
Authors: Saper Lee M. , Stolper Edward M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractControlled cooling‐rate experiments were conducted on olivine‐hosted melt inclusions to characterize the development of compositional zoning observed in natural inclusions. All of the experimentally cooled inclusions are zoned due to olivine crystallization on the inclusion wall and diffusive exchange between the boundary layer adjacent to the growing olivine and the inclusion centers. Experimentally cooled inclusions are characterized by lower MgO and FeO and higher SiO2, Al2O3, and Na2O (and other incompatible oxides) near the inclusion wall relative to the inclusion center. The compositions at the centers of inclusions are susceptible to modification by diffusion, particularly for small inclusions and those subjected to low cooling rates. Uphill diffusion is evident in every oxide and is recognized by local extrema along a diffusion profile. CaO exhibits the most extreme manifestation of uphill diffusion, and a model attributes the diffusion behavior in CaO to solution nonideality in the boundary layer liquid. MgO profiles from experimentally cooled inclusions were fit with a diffusion model by varying the cooling rate. The cooling rates that resulted in the best fit models were always within a factor of 2 and typically within ±10% of the experimental cooling rates, which ranged from 70 to 50,000 °C/hr. The model was applied to MgO profiles across natural glassy olivine‐hosted melt inclusions from Hawaii and the shergottite Yamato 980459. Cooling rates from zoned melt inclusions in Yamato 980459 range from 85 to 1,047 °C/hr (mean = 383±43 °C/hr, 1σ, n=8) and support the hypothesis that the sample erupted at or near the Martian surface.
Long‐Term SST Variability on the Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope
Authors: Chen Zhuomin , Kwon Young‐Oh , Chen Ke , Fratantoni Paula , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Joyce Terrence M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe meridional coherence, connectivity, and regional inhomogeneity in long‐term sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf and slope from 1982–2018 are investigated using observational data sets. A meridionally concurrent large SST warming trend is identified as the dominant signal over the length of the continental shelf and slope between Cape Hatteras in North Carolina and Cape Chidley, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The linear trends are 0.37 ± 0.06 and 0.39 ± 0.06 °C/decade for the shelf and slope regions, respectively. These meridionally averaged SST time series over the shelf and slope are consistent with each other and across multiple longer observational data sets with records dating back to 1900. The coherence between the long‐term meridionally averaged time series over the shelf and slope and basin‐wide averaged SST in the North Atlantic implies approximately two thirds of the warming trend during 1982–2018 may be attributed to natural climate variability and the rest to externally forced change including anthropogenic warming.
Theranostic combinatorial drug-loaded coated cubosomes for enhanced targeting and efficacy against cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Li Jinlong , Tian Dan , Sun Lihua , Wang Xu , Tian Miao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCubosomes, a product of nanobioengineering, are self-structured lipid nanoparticles that act like drug-loaded theranostic probes. Here, we describe a simple method for the preparation of combinatorial drug-loaded cubosomes with, proof-of-principle, therapeutic effect against cancer cells, along with diagnostic capabilities. Anticancer drugs cisplatin and paclitaxel were loaded in the cubosomes in combination. The cubosomes were coated with a layer of poly-Ɛ-lysine, which helped avoid the initial burst release of drug and allowed for a slow and sustained release for better efficacy. Cubosomes were imaged by transmission electron microscope, and their dispersion analyzed in vitro by differential scanning calorimetric and X-ray diffractogram studies. The microscopic images depicted spherical polyangular structures, which are easily distinguishable. The analyses revealed that the drug is uniformly dispersed all through the cubosomes. Further characterization was carried out by zeta-potential measurement, in vitro release, and entrapment efficiency studies. The in vitro studies established that the coating of cubosomes successfully reduced the burst release of drugs initially and confirmed a slow, sustained release over increased time. Comparative cytotoxicity of coated, uncoated, and blank cubosomes was evaluated, using human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, and the formulations were found to be entirely nontoxic, similar to the blank ones. The therapeutic efficiency of the cubosomes against HeLa cells was confirmed by the impedance measurement and fluorescent imaging. Furthermore, the reduction in impedance in cells treated with coated combinatorial cubosomes proved the impairment of HeLa cells, as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.
O-GlcNAcylation of PGK1 coordinates glycolysis and TCA cycle to promote tumor growth
Authors: Nie Hao , Ju Haixing , Fan Jiayi , Shi Xiaoliu , Cheng Yaxian , Cang Xiaohui , Zheng Zhiguo , Duan Xiaotao , Yi Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany cancer cells display enhanced glycolysis and suppressed mitochondrial metabolism. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is critical for tumor development. However, how cancer cells coordinate glucose metabolism through glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is largely unknown. We demonstrate here that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), the first ATP-producing enzyme in glycolysis, is reversibly and dynamically modified with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) at threonine 255 (T255). O-GlcNAcylation activates PGK1 activity to enhance lactate production, and simultaneously induces PGK1 translocation into mitochondria. Inside mitochondria, PGK1 acts as a kinase to inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex to reduce oxidative phosphorylation. Blocking T255 O-GlcNAcylation of PGK1 decreases colon cancer cell proliferation, suppresses glycolysis, enhances the TCA cycle, and inhibits tumor growth in xenograft models. Furthermore, PGK1 O-GlcNAcylation levels are elevated in human colon cancers. This study highlights O-GlcNAcylation as an important signal for coordinating glycolysis and the TCA cycle to promote tumorigenesis.
Active topological glass
Authors: Smrek Jan , Chubak Iurii , Likos Christos N. , Kremer Kurt 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe glass transition in soft matter systems is generally triggered by an increase in packing fraction or a decrease in temperature. It has been conjectured that the internal topology of the constituent particles, such as polymers, can cause glassiness too. However, the conjecture relies on immobilizing a fraction of the particles and is therefore difficult to fulfill experimentally. Here we show that in dense solutions of circular polymers containing (active) segments of increased mobility, the interplay of the activity and the topology of the polymers generates an unprecedented glassy state of matter. The active isotropic driving enhances mutual ring threading to the extent that the rings can relax only in a cooperative way, which dramatically increases relaxation times. Moreover, the observed phenomena feature similarities with the conformation and dynamics of the DNA fibre in living nuclei of higher eukaryotes.
Thin-film composite membrane breaking the trade-off between conductivity and selectivity for a flow battery
Authors: Dai Qing , Liu Zhiqiang , Huang Ling , Wang Chao , Zhao Yuyue , Fu Qiang , Zheng Anmin , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA membrane with both high ion conductivity and selectivity is critical to high power density and low-cost flow batteries, which are of great importance for the wide application of renewable energies. The trade-off between ion selectivity and conductivity is a bottleneck of ion conductive membranes. In this paper, a thin-film composite membrane with ultrathin polyamide selective layer is found to break the trade-off between ion selectivity and conductivity, and dramatically improve the power density of a flow battery. As a result, a vanadium flow battery with a thin-film composite membrane achieves energy efficiency higher than 80% at a current density of 260 mA cm−2, which is the highest ever reported to the best of our knowledge. Combining experiments and theoretical calculation, we propose that the high performance is attributed to the proton transfer via Grotthuss mechanism and Vehicle mechanism in sub-1 nm pores of the ultrathin polyamide selective layer.