bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thin-film transistor-driven vertically stacked full-color organic light-emitting diodes for high-resolution active-matrix displays
Authors: Choi Sukyung , Kang Chan-mo , Byun Chun-Won , Cho Hyunsu , Kwon Byoung-Hwa , Han Jun-Han , Yang Jong-Heon , Shin Jin-Wook , Hwang Chi-Sun , Cho Nam Sung , Lee Kang Me , Kim Hee-Ok , Kim Eungjun , Yoo Seunghyup , Lee Hyunkoo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThin-film transistor (TFT)-driven full-color organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with vertically stacked structures are developed herein using photolithography processes, which allow for high-resolution displays of over 2,000 pixels per inch. Vertical stacking of OLEDs by the photolithography process is technically challenging, as OLEDs are vulnerable to moisture, oxygen, solutions for photolithography processes, and temperatures over 100 °C. In this study, we develop a low-temperature processed Al2O3/SiNx bilayered protection layer, which stably protects the OLEDs from photolithography process solutions, as well as from moisture and oxygen. As a result, transparent intermediate electrodes are patterned on top of the OLED elements without degrading the OLED, thereby enabling to fabricate the vertically stacked OLED. The aperture ratio of the full-color-driven OLED pixel is approximately twice as large as conventional sub-pixel structures, due to geometric advantage, despite the TFT integration. To the best of our knowledge, we first demonstrate the TFT-driven vertically stacked full-color OLED.
Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration
Authors: Ning Chao , Li Tianjiao , Wang Ke , Zhang Fan , Li Tao , Wu Xiyan , Gao Shizhu , Zhang Quanchao , Zhang Hai , Hudson Mark J. , Dong Guanghui , Wu Sihao , Fang Yanming , Liu Chen , Feng Chunyan , Li Wei , Han Tao , Li Ruo , Wei Jian , Zhu Yonggang , Zhou Yawei , Wang Chuan-Chao , Fan Shengying , Xiong Zenglong , Sun Zhouyong , Ye Maolin , Sun Lei , Wu Xiaohong , Liang Fawei , Cao Yanpeng , Wei Xingtao , Zhu Hong , Zhou Hui , Krause Johannes , Robbeets Martine , Jeong Choongwon , Cui Yinqiu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNorthern China harbored the world’s earliest complex societies based on millet farming, in two major centers in the Yellow (YR) and West Liao (WLR) River basins. Until now, their genetic histories have remained largely unknown. Here we present 55 ancient genomes dating to 7500-1700 BP from the YR, WLR, and Amur River (AR) regions. Contrary to the genetic stability in the AR, the YR and WLR genetic profiles substantially changed over time. The YR populations show a monotonic increase over time in their genetic affinity with present-day southern Chinese and Southeast Asians. In the WLR, intensification of farming in the Late Neolithic is correlated with increased YR affinity while the inclusion of a pastoral economy in the Bronze Age was correlated with increased AR affinity. Our results suggest a link between changes in subsistence strategy and human migration, and fuel the debate about archaeolinguistic signatures of past human migration.
A nanobody-based fluorescent reporter reveals human α-synuclein in the cell cytosol
Authors: Gerdes Christoph , Waal Natalia , Offner Thomas , Fornasiero Eugenio F. , Wender Nora , Verbarg Hannes , Manzini Ivan , Trenkwalder Claudia , Mollenhauer Brit , Strohäker Timo , Zweckstetter Markus , Becker Stefan , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Basmanav Fitnat Buket , Opazo Felipe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAggregation and spreading of α-Synuclein (αSyn) are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases, thus monitoring human αSyn (hαSyn) in animal models or cell cultures is vital for the field. However, the detection of native hαSyn in such systems is challenging. We show that the nanobody NbSyn87, previously-described to bind hαSyn, also shows cross-reactivity for the proteasomal subunit Rpn10. As such, when the NbSyn87 is expressed in the absence of hαSyn, it is continuously degraded by the proteasome, while it is stabilized when it binds to hαSyn. Here, we exploit this feature to design a new Fluorescent Reporter for hαSyn (FluoReSyn) by fusing NbSyn87 to fluorescent proteins, which results in fluorescence signal fluctuations depending on the presence and amounts of intracellular hαSyn. We characterize this biosensor in cells and tissues to finally reveal the presence of transmittable αSyn in human cerebrospinal fluid, demonstrating the potential of FluoReSyn for clinical research and diagnostics.
Closing the gap towards super-long suspension bridges using computational morphogenesis
Authors: Baandrup Mads , Sigmund Ole , Polk Henrik , Aage Niels 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGirder design for suspension bridges has remained largely unchanged for the past 60 years. However, for future super-long bridges, aiming at record-breaking spans beyond 3 km, the girder weight is a limiting factor. Here we report on a design concept, inspired by computational morphogenesis procedures, demonstrating possible weight savings in excess of 28 percent while maintaining manufacturability. Although morphogenesis procedures are rarely used in civil engineering, often due to complicated designs, we demonstrate that even a crude extraction of the main features of the optimized design, followed by a simple parametric optimization, results in hitherto unseen weight reductions. We expect that further studies of the proposed design, as well as applications to other structures, will lead to even greater weight savings and reductions in carbon footprint in a construction industry, currently responsible for 39 percent of the world’s CO2 emissions.
A tunable and unidirectional one-dimensional electronic system Nb2n+1SinTe4n+2
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Li Si , Yang Meng , Nie Xiao-Ang , Xu Hao-Ke , Yang Xu , Guan Dan-Dan , Wang Shiyong , Li Yao-Yi , Liu Canhua , Mao Zhi-Qiang , Xu Nan , Yao Yugui , Yang Shengyuan A. , Shi You-Guo , Zheng Hao , Jia Jin-Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne dimensional (1D) electronic system is a versatile platform hosting novel physics, such as charge density wave, Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) topological state and solitons, Tomonaga-Luttinger Liquid etc. Here, we systematically study the surface electronic properties on layered composition-tunable compounds Nb2n+1SinTe4n+2 (n = 1–5), which is predicted to be a nodal-line semimetal when n = 1 (Nb3SiTe6). Via scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we observe 1D chains formed on the surface of the compounds. We uncover that with the increasing of n, the distance between the chains becomes larger, and the 1D electronic state is developed in the compounds with n ≥ 3. Our first-principle calculations reveal that the nodal-line in Nb3SiTe6 and the 1D electronic state in the crystals with higher n in fact arise from the same bands, which are protected by the same nonsymmorphic symmetry. Furthermore, we can understand the evolution of the electronic states on these series of compounds with such complicated structures and compositions based on a simple SSH type picture. Our experiment demonstrates a tunable and unidirectional 1D electronic system, which offers a concrete platform for the exploration of intriguing 1D electron physics and will enrich the opportunity for future condensed matter physics, material science and nanotechnology researches.
The Visual Word Form Area compensates for auditory working memory dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: Herman Alexander B. , Brown Ethan G. , Dale Corby L. , Hinkley Leighton B. , Subramaniam Karuna , Houde John F. , Fisher Melissa , Vinogradov Sophia , Nagarajan Srikantan S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAuditory working memory impairments feature prominently in schizophrenia. However, the existence of altered and perhaps compensatory neural dynamics, sub-serving auditory working memory, remains largely unexplored. We compared the dynamics of induced high gamma power (iHGP) across cortex in humans during speech-sound working memory in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy comparison subjects (HC) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). SZ showed similar task performance to HC while utilizing different brain regions. During encoding of speech sounds, SZ lacked the correlation of iHGP with task performance in posterior superior temporal gyrus (STGp) that was observed in healthy subjects. Instead, SZ recruited the visual word form area (VWFA) during both stimulus encoding and response preparation. Importantly, VWFA activity during encoding correlated with the magnitude of SZ hallucinations, task performance and an independent measure of verbal working memory. These findings suggest that VWFA plasticity is harnessed to compensate for STGp dysfunction in schizophrenia patients with hallucinations.
Expression of a Barhl1a reporter in subsets of retinal ganglion cells and commissural neurons of the developing zebrafish brain
Authors: Albadri Shahad , Armant Olivier , Aljand-Geschwill Tairi , Del Bene Filippo , Carl Matthias , Strähle Uwe , Poggi Lucia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPromoting the regeneration or survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is one focus of regenerative medicine. Homeobox Barhl transcription factors might be instrumental in these processes. In mammals, only barhl2 is expressed in the retina and is required for both subtype identity acquisition of amacrine cells and for the survival of RGCs downstream of Atoh7, a transcription factor necessary for RGC genesis. The underlying mechanisms of this dual role of Barhl2 in mammals have remained elusive. Whole genome duplication in the teleost lineage generated the barhl1a and barhl2 paralogues. In the Zebrafish retina, Barhl2 functions as a determinant of subsets of amacrine cells lineally related to RGCs independently of Atoh7. In contrast, barhl1a expression depends on Atoh7 but its expression dynamics and function have not been studied. Here we describe for the first time a Barhl1a reporter line in vivo showing that barhl1a turns on exclusively in subsets of RGCs and their post-mitotic precursors. We also show transient expression of barhl1a:GFP in diencephalic neurons extending their axonal projections as part of the post-optic commissure, at the time of optic chiasm formation. This work sets the ground for future studies on RGC subtype identity, axonal projections and genetic specification of Barhl1a-positive RGCs and commissural neurons.
Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy and the implications of Pfkelch13 and Pfcoronin molecular markers in treatment failure in Senegal
Authors: Diallo Mamadou Alpha , Yade Mamadou Samb , Ndiaye Yaye Die , Diallo Ibrahima , Diongue Khadim , Sy Saidou Abdoul , Sy Mouhamad , Seck Mame Cheikh , Ndiaye Mouhamadou , Dieye Baba , Gomis Jules François , Sow Djiby , Dème Awa Bineta , Badiane Aida Sadikh , Ndiaye Daouda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2006, Senegal adopted artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line treatment in the management of uncomplicated malaria. This study aimed to update the status of antimalarial efficacy more than ten years after their first introduction. This was a randomized, three-arm, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in Senegal. Malaria suspected patients were screened, enrolled, treated, and followed for 28 days for AL and ASAQ arms or 42 days for DP arm. Clinical and parasitological responses were assessed following antimalarial treatment. Genotyping (msp1, msp2 and 24 SNP-based barcode) were done to differentiate recrudescence from re-infection; in case of PCR-confirmed treatment failure, Pfk13 propeller and Pfcoronin genes were sequenced. Data was entered and analyzed using the WHO Excel-based application. A total of 496 patients were enrolled. In Diourbel, PCR non-corrected/corrected adequate clinical and parasitological responses (ACPR) was 100.0% in both the AL and ASAQ arms. In Kedougou, PCR corrected ACPR values were 98.8%, 100% and 97.6% in AL, ASAQ and DP arms respectively. No Pfk13 or Pfcoronin mutations associated with artemisinin resistance were found. This study showed that AL, ASAQ and DP remain efficacious and well-tolerated in the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Senegal.
Detector clothes for MRI: A wearable array receiver based on liquid metal in elastic tubes
Authors: Port Andreas , Luechinger Roger , Albisetti Loris , Varga Matija , Marjanovic Josip , Reber Jonas , Brunner David Otto , Pruessmann Klaas Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn modern magnetic resonance imaging, signal detection is performed by dense arrays of radiofrequency resonators. Tight-fitting arrays boost the sensitivity and speed of imaging. However, current devices are rigid and cage-like at the expense of patient comfort. They also constrain posture, limiting the examination of joints. For better ergonomics and versatility, detectors should be flexible, adapt to individual anatomy, and follow posture. Towards this goal, the present work proposes a novel design based on resonators formed by liquid metal in polymer tubes. Textile integration creates lightweight, elastic devices that are worn like pieces of clothing. A liquid-metal array tailored to the human knee is shown to deliver competitive image quality while self-adapting to individual anatomy and adding the ability to image flexion of the joint. Relative to other options for stretchable conductors, liquid metal in elastic tubes stands out by reconciling excellent electrical and mechanical properties with ease of manufacturing.
A computational drug repositioning method applied to rare diseases: Adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Lotfi Shahreza Maryam , Ghadiri Nasser , Green James R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRare or orphan diseases affect only small populations, thereby limiting the economic incentive for the drug development process, often resulting in a lack of progress towards treatment. Drug repositioning is a promising approach in these cases, due to its low cost. In this approach, one attempts to identify new purposes for existing drugs that have already been developed and approved for use. By applying the process of drug repositioning to identify novel treatments for rare diseases, we can overcome the lack of economic incentives and make concrete progress towards new therapies. Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease with no practical and definitive therapeutic approach. We apply Heter-LP, a new method of drug repositioning, to suggest novel therapeutic avenues for ACC. Our analysis identifies innovative putative drug-disease, drug-target, and disease-target relationships for ACC, which include Cosyntropin (drug) and DHCR7, IGF1R, MC1R, MAP3K3, TOP2A (protein targets). When results are analyzed using all available information, a number of novel predicted associations related to ACC appear to be valid according to current knowledge. We expect the predicted relations will be useful for drug repositioning in ACC since the resulting ranked lists of drugs and protein targets can be used to expedite the necessary clinical processes.
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 elevation without evidence of malignant or pancreatobiliary diseases
Authors: Kim Sunyoung , Park Byung Kyu , Seo Jeong Hun , Choi Jinyoung , Choi Jong Won , Lee Chun Kyon , Chung Jae Bock , Park Yongjung , Kim Dong Wook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) may be elevated in benign diseases, elevated CA 19-9 may cause a fear of cancer and unnecessary follow-up studies. Research on how to approach systematically in this case is very limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features and the causes of CA 19-9 elevation without evidence of malignant or pancreatobiliary diseases. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had CA 19-9 elevation (≥80 U/mL) and were found to be unrelated to cancer after follow-up. After exclusion, 192 patients were included in this study. The median level of CA 19-9 was 136.5 U/mL. The causes of CA 19-9 elevation were determined in 147 (76.6%) patients, and that was unknown in 45 (23.4%). The estimated causative diseases were hepatic diseases in 63 patients, pulmonary diseases in 32, gynecologic diseases in 38, endocrine diseases in 13, and spleen disease in 1. Of 45 patients with unknown cause, 35 had normalization of CA 19-9 and 10 had persistently elevated CA 19-9. In conclusion, CA 19-9 elevation without malignancies or pancreatobiliary diseases should be systematically evaluated and followed up. We suggest an algorithm to investigate the causes and follow up these patients.
The atypical E2F transcription factor DEL1 modulates growth–defense tradeoffs of host plants during root-knot nematode infection
Authors: Nakagami Satoru , Saeki Kentaro , Toda Kei , Ishida Takashi , Sawa Shinichiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn plants, growth–defense tradeoffs are essential for optimizing plant performance and adaptation under stress conditions, such as pathogen attack. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) cause severe economic losses in many crops worldwide, although little is known about the mechanisms that control plant growth and defense responses during nematode attack. Upon investigation of Arabidopsis thaliana infected with RKN (Meloidogyne incognita), we observed that the atypical transcription factor DP-E2F-like 1 (DEL1) repressed salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in RKN-induced galls. The DEL1-deficient Arabidopsis mutant (del1-1) exhibited excessive SA accumulation in galls and is more resistant to RKN infection. In addition, excessive lignification was observed in galls of del1-1. On the other hand, the root growth of del1-1 is reduced after RKN infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that DEL1 plays an important role in the balance between plant growth and defense responses to RKN infection by controlling SA accumulation and lignification.
Preparation of high drug-loading celastrol nanosuspensions and their anti-breast cancer activities in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Huang Tiantian , Wang Yian , Shen Yiping , Ao Hui , Guo Yifei , Han Meihua , Wang Xiangtao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs one of the main components of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, celastrol (CSL) has significant antitumor activity, but its clinical application has been limited by its poor solubility, low oral bioavailability and systemic toxicity. In this study, celastrol nanosuspensions (CSL-NSps) were prepared using an antisolvent precipitation method with poloxamer 188 (P-188) as a stabilizer at a high CSL/P-188 feeding ratio of 8:1. The resultant CSL was spherical in shape with an average particle size of 147.9 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.12 and zeta potential of -19.2 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were 98.18% and 86.83%, respectively, and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that CSL existed in an amorphous state in the nanosuspensions. CSL-NSps were quite stable in various physiological media and plasma and were both suitable for oral and intravenous administration. Nanosuspensions greatly enhanced the in vitro dissolution, and the cumulative drug release reached approximately 69.20% within 48 h. In vivo, CSL-NSps (3 mg/kg, i.g.) displayed a significantly enhanced tumor inhibition rate (TIR) in comparison with that of CSL suspension when administered orally (TIR, 50.39%, vs. 41.16%, p < 0.05), similar to that of PTX injection (8 mg/kg, i.v. TIR, 50.88%). CSL-NSps showed even better therapeutic efficacy than PTX injection (TIR, 64.18%, p < 0.01) when intravenously injected. This has demonstrated that, with the help of nanosuspensions, CSL is likely to be an effective and promising antitumor agent in clinic practice for the treatment of breast cancer.
On the Aggregation and Nucleation Mechanism of the Monoclonal Antibody Anti-CD20 Near Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS)
Authors: Pantuso Elvira , Mastropietro Teresa F. , Briuglia Maria L. , Gerard Charline J. J. , Curcio Efrem , ter Horst Joop H. , Nicoletta Fiore P. , Di Profio Gianluca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe crystallization of Anti-CD20, a full-length monoclonal antibody, has been studied in the PEG400/Na2SO4/Water system near Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) conditions by both sitting-drop vapour diffusion and batch methods. In order to understand the Anti-CD20 crystallization propensity in the solvent system of different compositions, we investigated some measurable parameters, normally used to assess protein conformational and colloidal stability in solution, with the aim to understand the aggregation mechanism of this complex biomacromolecule. We propose that under crystallization conditions a minor population of specifically aggregated protein molecules are present. While this minor species hardly contributes to the measured average solution behaviour, it induces and promotes crystal formation. The existence of this minor species is the result of the LLPS occurring concomitantly under crystallization conditions.
Study on influencing factors and mechanism of removal of Cr(VI) from soil suspended liquid by bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron
Authors: Liu Shichao , Gao Hongjun , Cheng Rui , Wang Yujun , Ma Xiulan , Peng Chang , Xie Zhonglei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanism and effect of bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI@Bent) on Cr(VI) removal in soil suspended liquid, nZVI@Bent was prepared by liquid-phase reduction method in this research. A number of factors, including the mass ratio of Fe2+ to bentonite during preparation of nZVI@Bent, nZVI@Bent dosage, soil suspended liquid pH value and reaction temperature were assessed to determine their impact on the reduction of Cr(VI) in soil suspended liquid. The nZVI@Bent was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the mechanism of removal of Cr(VI) from the soil. The results showed that the temperature of soil suspended liquid had a significant effect on the removal efficiency. Calculated by the Arrhenius formula, nZVI@Bent removes Cr(VI) from the soil suspended liquid as an endothermic reaction with a reaction activation energy of 47.02 kJ/mol, showed that the reaction occurred easily. The removal of mechanism Cr(VI) from the soil by nZVI@Bent included adsorption and reduction, moreover, the reduction process can be divided into direct reduction and indirect reduction. According to XPS spectrogram analysis, the content of Cr(III) in the reaction product was 2.1 times of Cr(VI), indicated that the reduction effect was greater than the adsorption effect in the process of Cr(VI) removal. The experiment proved that nZVI@Bent can effectively remove Cr(VI) from soil suspension, and can provide technical support for repairing Cr(VI)-polluted paddy fields.