bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leiolima iberica, a new harvestman genus and species from the Iberian Peninsula (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae)
Authors: Prieto Carlos E. , Wijnhoven Hay 
Published: February 2020

Recent studies have shown that the speciose Holarctic genera of Leiobunum C.L. Koch, 1839 and Nelima Roewer, 1910 are polyphyletic taxa, and therefore, the traditional diagnostic characters for these European genera of Leiobuninae Banks, 1893 (respectively, the presence or absence of tubercle rows on leg coxae) are unsuitable. We present the description of Leiolima iberica gen. et sp. nov., a new endemic harvestman from the north-western part of the Iberian Peninsula. The newly established genus shows intermediate characters between Leiobunum and Nelima. In addition, the new genus is characterized by shorter legs compared to Leiobunum and the presence of trichomes on all leg femora and pedipalpal patellae, a structure that is absent in all other western Palearctic genera of the subfamily Leiobuninae.
Relating systems thinking and design (VI)
Authors: Davidova Marie , Sweeting Ben , Sevaldson Birger 
Published: February 2020

This special issue of FormAkademisk comprises a selection of articles developed from presentations at the seventh Relating Systems Thinking and Design (RSD7) symposium, held at Politecnico di Torino, Turin, 23th-26th October 2018 (Barbero, 2018). A second collection from RSD7 is also planned to be published in FormAkademisk during 2020, continuing the close relationship between the journal and the RSD conference series (Forlizzi, Sevaldson, & Ryan, 2017; Hensel, Hensel, & Sevaldson, 2019; Jones, 2014; Sevaldson, 2018; Sevaldson & Ryan, 2014). The occasion of the RSD7 conference was especially important in the development of systemic design, being the occasion of the launch and founding meeting of the Systemic Design Association (SDA). The SDA will act as a membership organisation for the expanding community of practitioners and researchers that has developed through the RSD conferences.
Evaluation of a new Argovit as an antiviral agent included in feed to protect the shrimpLitopenaeus vannameiagainst White Spot Syndrome Virus infection
Authors: Romo-Quiñonez Carlos R. , Álvarez-Sánchez Ana R. , Álvarez-Ruiz Pindaro , Chávez-Sánchez Maria C. , Bogdanchikova Nina , Pestryakov Alexey , Mejia-Ruiz Claudio H. 
Published: February 2020

In this study, four experimental assays were conducted to evaluate the use of a new silver nanoparticle formulation named Argovit-4, which was prepared with slight modifications to enhance its biological activity against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp culture. The goals of these assays were to (1) determine the protective effect of Argovit-4 against WSSV, (2) determine whether Argovit-4 supplemented in feed exhibits toxicity towards shrimp, (3) determine whether Argovit-4 as antiviral additive in feed can prevent or delay/reduce WSSV-induced shrimp mortality, and (4) determine whether Argovit-4 supplemented in feed alters the early stages of the shrimp immune response. In bioassay 1, several viral inocula calibrated at 7 SID50(shrimp infectious doses 50% endpoint) were exposed to 40, 100, 200 and 1,000 ng/SID50of Ag+and then intramuscularly injected into shrimp for 96 h. In bioassay 2, shrimp were fed Argovit-4 supplemented in feed at different concentrations (10, 100 and 1,000 µg per gram of feed) for 192 h. In bioassay 3, shrimp were treated with Argovit-4 supplemented in feed at different concentrations and then challenged against WSSV for 192 h. In bioassay 4, quantitative real-time RT-qPCR was performed to measure the transcriptional responses of five immune-relevant genes in haemocytes of experimental shrimp treated with Argovit-4 supplemented in feed at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The intramuscularly injected Argovit-4 showed a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05) on the cumulative shrimp mortality from 0–96 h post-infection. In the second bioassay, shrimp fed Argovit-4 supplemented in feed did not show signs of toxicity for the assayed doses over the 192-h experiment. The third and fourth bioassays showed that shrimp challenged with WSSV at 1,000 µg/g feed exhibited reduced mortality without altering the expression of some immune system-related genes according to the observed level of transcriptional. This study is the first show that the new Argovit-4 formulation has potential as an antiviral additive in feed against WSSV and demonstrates a practical therapeutic strategy to control WSSV and possibly other invertebrate pathogens in shrimp aquaculture.
From Distortion to Disconnection: Linear Alkyl Diammonium Cations Tune Structure and Photoluminescence of Lead Bromide Perovskites
Authors: Han Ying , Li Yawen , Wang Yue , Cao Guangyue , Yue Sijia , Zhang Lijun , Cui Bin‐Bin , Chen Qi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganic ammonium cations play a vital role in building structures and tuning energy bands of organic–inorganic halide perovskites and the consequent photoelectric characteristics. Here, two 2D lead bromide perovskites: flat‐layered (BDA)PbBr4 (BDA = 1, 4‐butanediammonium), corrugation‐layered (PDA)7Pb6Br26 (PDA = 1, 3‐propanediammonium) and a 1D nanobelt‐shaped (EDA)2PbBr6 (EDA = ethylenediammonium) are built to explore their tunable structure, energy bands, and photoluminescence by a series of linear alkyl diammonium cations. Significant “spatial effect” of diammonium cations directly controls the space configurations of these lead bromide perovskites. From 2D (100)‐flat to 1D (110)‐nanobelt, distortions and disconnections of lead bromide layers are beneficial to the quantum confinement and generation of self‐trapping exciton (STE) energy levels of low‐dimensional perovskites. Upon ultraviolet excitation, (BDA)PbBr4, (PDA)7Pb6Br26, and (EDA)2PbBr6 exhibit blue, broadband yellowish white, and “warm” white emissions, respectively. Density functional theory combining STE theory demonstrates their bandgap changes and emission mechanisms. This work provides a basis for tuning the structure of low‐dimensional organic–inorganic halide perovskites for better photochromic properties.
Structure and activity of supported bimetallic NiPd nanoparticles: influence of preparation method on CO2 reduction
Authors: Braga Adriano H. , Costa Natália J. S. , Philippot Karine , Gonçalves Renato V. , Szanyi János , Rossi Liane M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBimetallic Ni−Pd and monometallic reference catalysts were prepared by decomposing organometallic precursors, Ni(cod)2 and Pd2(dba)3, leading to nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 3 to 6 nm. Two different synthesis procedures were followed: i) solution synthesis using capping ligand (hexadecylamine) followed by impregnation of pre‐formed nanoparticles on SiO2, called Sol‐immobilization (SI); and 2) direct precursor decomposition onto SiO2, without stabilizer, called Direct Decomposition (DD). Samples prepared by SI procedure are alloyed bimetallic nanoparticles, whereas samples obtained by DD one show phase segregation. Interestingly, DD samples show better activity for CO2 hydrogenation into CO (reverse water‐gas shift reaction ‐ RWGS) than SI ones. The best compromise between activity for CO2 activation (at lower temperature) and CO selectivity was achieved with Ni DD and NiPd DD catalysts. Moreover, the addition of palladium increased the concentration of surface undercoordinated sites, which chemisorb CO weakly, thus improving activity and selectivity, in opposition to other samples that chemisorb CO strongly, in multibond configuration. In the presence of Pd, different decomposition rates drives the formation of smaller and more active Ni clusters. The knowledge acquired here on the influence of synthesis conditions on the catalytic properties of Ni−Pd catalysts should guide us to better catalysts for CO2 transformations into valuable products.
A novel method to measure hairiness in bees and other insect pollinators
Authors: Roquer‐Beni Laura , Rodrigo Anselm , Arnan Xavier , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Fornoff Felix , Boreux Virginie , Bosch Jordi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHairiness is a salient trait of insect pollinators that has been linked to thermoregulation, pollen uptake and transportation, and pollination success. Despite its potential importance in pollination ecology, hairiness is rarely included in pollinator trait analyses. This is likely due to the lack of standardized and efficient methods to measure hairiness. We describe a novel methodology that uses a stereomicroscope equipped with a live measurement module software to quantitatively measure two components of hairiness: hair density and hair length. We took measures of the two hairiness components in 109 insect pollinator species (including 52 bee species). We analyzed the relationship between hair density and length and between these two components and body size. We combined hair density and length measures to calculate a hairiness index and tested whether hairiness differed between major pollinator groups and bee genera. Body size was strongly and positively correlated to hair length and weakly and negatively correlated to hair density. The correlation between the two hairiness components was weak and negative. According to our hairiness index, butterflies and moths were the hairiest pollinator group, followed by bees, hoverflies, beetles, and other flies. Among bees, bumblebees (Bombus) and mason bees (Osmia) were the hairiest taxa, followed by digger bees (Anthophorinae), sand bees (Andrena), and sweat bees (Halictini). Our methodology provides an effective and standardized measure of the two components of hairiness (hair density and length), thus allowing for a meaningful interpretation of hairiness. We provide a detailed protocol of our methodology, which we hope will contribute to improve our understanding of pollination effectiveness, thermal biology, and responses to climate change in insects.
A 3-Species Aquatic Community Model for Ecological Risk Assessment Using Basic Ecotoxicity Data
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinari , Oda Shigeto , Nakamura Kensei , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simplified ecosystem model, the Aquatic Tritrophic Ecological Risk Assessment Model (A-TERAM), for the ecological risk assessment of chemicals is presented. The A-TERAM comprises a linear grazer food chain with 3 trophic levels (the algae–Daphnia–fish system). The model simulates the seasonal patterns of abundance at each level observed in the field, and it translates the direct toxic effects of chemicals on algae or Daphnia to implications for fish via ecological interactions; thus, the A-TERAM evaluates ecological risk in terms of the annual population growth rate of fish. The model also incorporates toxicokinetics for fish. The minimum input data required for the A-TERAM are basic ecotoxicity endpoints (algal growth inhibition median effect concentration [EC50] or no-observed effect concentration, Daphnia immobility EC50, and fish acute mortality median lethal concentration); however, additional ecotoxicity data (Daphnia reproduction test, fish early life test, and fish reproduction test) are also relevant for improving simulations. Comparisons made across 496 chemicals (255 nonagricultural chemicals and 241 agrochemicals) indicated that the A-TERAM, in comparison with the conventional predicted-effect concentration/predicted-no-effect concentration method, tended to evaluate higher risk to chemicals that are highly bioaccumulative and toxic to fish by 2 orders of magnitude at the largest but lower or comparable risk to chemicals that are toxic only to algae or Daphnia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1086–1100. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
The practical properties and the integrative nature of an ecological risk assessment model: The Aquatic Tritrophic Ecological Risk Assessment Model.
Adaptive dynamic surface control using neural networks for hypersonic flight vehicle with input nonlinearities
Authors: Zhou Lilin , Liu Lei , Cheng Zhongtao , Wang Bo , Fan Huijin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis study proposes an effective adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) method based on the radial basis function neural networks and the auxiliary system for hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) systems in the presence of system uncertainties, external disturbances, and state variable and control input constraints. Firstly, to enhance the robustness of the system, the neural network is combined with the robust term to deal with the uncertainties and external disturbances of the system. Secondly, to prevent the deterioration of the dynamic performance of the system due to the over‐adaptation of the neural networks and the robust terms caused by the state and control input constraints, the auxiliary system is added at each step in the DSC design to adjust the dynamic process of the reference signal and virtual control. Furthermore, the variable structure control is used to solve the problem of dead zone in the control input. Using the Lyapunov analysis method, all signals of the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimate bounded. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for the HFVs.
Chronic opioid use in women following hysterectomy: Patterns and predictors
Authors: Wen Xuerong , Kogut Stephen , Aroke Hilary , Taylor Lynn , Matteson Kristen A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost women are prescribed an opioid after hysterectomy. The goal of this study was to determine the association between initial opioid prescribing characteristics and chronic opioid use after hysterectomy.MethodsThis study included women enrolled in a commercial health plan who had a hysterectomy between 1 July 2010 and 31 March 2015. We used trajectory models to define chronic opioid use as patients with the highest probability of having an opioid prescription filled during the 6 months post‐surgery. A multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the association between initial opioid dispensing (amount prescribed and duration of treatment) and chronic opioid use after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 693 of 50 127 (1.38%) opioid‐naïve women met the criteria for chronic opioid use following hysterectomy. The baseline variables and initial opioid prescription characteristics predicted the pattern of long‐term opioid use with moderate discrimination (c statistic = 0.70). Significant predictors of chronic opioid use included initial opioid daily dose (≥60 MME vs <40 MME, aOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.14‐1.79) and days' supply (4‐7 days vs 1‐3 days, aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06‐1.54; ≥8 days vs 1‐3 days, aOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.89). Other significant baseline predictors included older age, abdominal or laparoscopic/robotic hysterectomy, tobacco use, psychiatric medication use, back pain, and headache.ConclusionInitial opioid prescribing characteristics are associated with the risk of chronic opioid use after hysterectomy. Prescribing lower daily doses and shorter days' supply of opioids to women after hysterectomy may result in lower risk of chronic opioid use.
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Graphene Coated with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Advanced Supercapacitor Electrode Material with Improved Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Su Siyu , Lin Yueming , Dai Huimin , Lai Liuqin , Zhu Xiaohong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the increasing demand for high‐performance energy storage devices, single materials of ordinary structures for electrode materials have become increasingly difficult to meet people's needs. Therefore, composites of inimitable structures have drawn considerable attention. In this work, nitrogen‐doped porous graphene coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPGF) is prepared by an efficient and green pyrolysis method. Structural and compositional characterizations confirm that the NPGF nanohybrids possess uniformly distributed pore structure and quite pure composition which is free of any impurities. In addition, electrochemical characterization verifies the excellent electrochemical performance, such as high‐specific capacitance (713 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), prominent rate capability (capacitance retention of 77.3% and 67.9% when the current density is increased respectively from 1 to 10 and 20 A g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (capacitance retention of 94.3% after 3000 cycles). Such promising results suggest that the NPGF nanohybrids have great application prospects in future high‐performance supercapacitors.
Study of the adsorption of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from the aqueous solution onto activated carbon
Authors: Hue Hoang Kim , Anh Lam Vinh , Trong Dinh Bao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) from the aqueous solution using activated carbon (AC) in the concentration range from 52.248 to 205.672 mgL‐1. Adsorption isotherm of 2,4‐D onto the AC was determined at 283, 293, 303 and 313 K. Adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models in the range of experimental concentrations and isotherm constants were determined. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich model. The adsorption data were analyzed using pseudo–first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and Weber‐Morris kinetic models. It was found that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model was the most appropriate model for describing the adsorption kinetics and apparent equilibrium was reached within 40 min. Weber‐Morris kinetics results included three linear portions within 1 to 120 minutes, indicating that there were at least three adsorption stages, including: film diffusion, intra‐particle diffusion and mass action, but mainly governed by intra‐particle diffusion. The adsorption of 2,4‐D onto AC was a spontaneous and exothermic process with characteristics of physical adsorption, based on the observed thermodynamic conditions. Therefore, the increase in temperature, as predicted, hindered the adsorption and the rate of 2,4‐D removal from solution by AC.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent gold nanoclusters
Authors: Lien Nghiem Thi Ha , Hoang Nguyen Dinh , Nghia Nguyen Trong , Hoa Do Quang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have been synthesized using aqueous reduction of chloroaric acid with mecapto undecanoic acid (MuA) as a thiol protecting agent. These AuNCs exhibited a strong absorption at 370 nm and a fluorescent emission in visible region. The emission spectrum can be tuned from 520 to 560 nm by controlling the NaOH concentrations during the reaction process. The gold nanoclusters exhibit a quantum yield of few percents and a fluorescence lifetime of ~2 ns. These properties of AuNCs provide greatly promising for biological applications.
Highly oxygenated isoprenoid lipids derived from terrestrial and aquatic sources: Origin, structures and biological activities
Authors: Vil Vera , Gloriozova Tatyana A. , Terent'Ev Alexander O. , Zhukova Natalia V. , Dembitsky Valery M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis mini review is devoted to an interesting group of natural terpenoids called highly oxygenated isoprenoid lipids (HOIL). Their producers are microorganisms, as well as they are found in plants, fungi, animals and marine organisms. The present review consists of three parts. For all three groups of HOIL presented, the chemical structure and the calculated biological activity are given. The first is an overview of HOIL found in nature with a description of some of the pharmacological properties and activity. For the first group of terpenoids, the most characteristic activities are anti‐seborrheic, antineoplastic, and anti‐inflammatory, and they can be used as ovulation inhibitors with a certainty of 85 to 91 percent. In the second part, we present an interesting group of heterocyclic HOIL (or steroidal alkaloids) found in nature with an indication of their possible activity. For the second group of HOIL, the most characteristic activities are: hypolipemic, antifungal, and antineoplastic, and they can be used as lipid metabolism regulators with a confidence of 81 to 89 percent. And in the third group, we represent HOIL derived from marine microorganisms and invertebrates. For the third group of HOIL, the most characteristic activities are: antineoplastic and antipsoriatic and they can be used as cytochrome P450 inhibitors and hepatoprotectants with a confidence of 77 to 93 percent.
Better with each throw—a study on calibration and warm-up decrement of real-time consecutive basketball free throws in elite NBA athletes
Authors: Phatak Ashwin , Mujumdar Utkarsh , Rein Robert , Wunderlich Fabian , Garnica Marc , Memmert Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCalibration and warm-up decrement seem to influence performance in sensorimotor skills that are repeatedly performed in succession. Current evidence suggests that error rates are greatest for the first of multiple attempts when performing the same sensorimotor task repeatedly. The aim of the present study is, therefore, to study the calibration effect in sets multiple free throws for National Basketball Association (NBA) players by analyzing single, double and triple sets of free throws and their success rates for each of the respective attempts. We hypothesized that the success rate of subsequent free throws is greater compared to immediately preceding throws. To this end, data from the NBA seasons between 2006 and 2016 totaling 610,049 shots and 1098 players were obtained. For a set of double free throws, the success rate of the second throw was greater compared to the first throw. For triple free throws the success rate increased with each successive throw. The results demonstrate differences between consecutive throwing percentages. In conclusion, the current study supports previous findings in darts that calibration effects may explain the underlying increases in performance during repetitive execution of complex sensorimotor skills. Therefore, the present study extends the previous findings to full body movements involving many biomechanical degrees of freedom.
Laboratory Full-Scale Comparative Tests of Rigid and Flexible Foundations of Buried Steel Structures
Authors: Wysokowski Adam , Mońka Michał 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe technical issues described in the article concern the aspects of the implementation of foundations for buried flexible steel structures. The modernity of these objects has surpassed the solutions applied for their foundations. The foundations of these structures are most frequently made as traditional “rigid” structures (which is related to their massiveness—most commonly made of reinforced concrete). The article discusses laboratory comparison tests of two types of foundations of a buried flexible structure—a rigid (concrete) and flexible foundation (made as corrugated steel plates) and their results.