bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary embolism in neurocritical care-introduction of a novel grading system for risk stratification: the Frankfurt AMBOS score
Authors: Dubinski Daniel , Keil Fee , Won Sae-Yeon , Behmanesh Bedjan , Jahnke Kolja , Seifert Volker , Geisen Christof , Konczalla Juergen , Senft Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) due to deep vein thrombosis is a complication with severe morbidity and mortality rates. Neurocritical care patients constitute an inhomogeneous cohort with often strict contraindications to conventional embolism treatment. The aim of the present study is to identify risk factors for pulmonary embolism for intensified risk stratification in this demanding cohort. In this retrospective analysis, 387 neurocritical care patients received computed tomography for clinical suspicion of PE (304 neurosurgical and 83 neurological patients). Analysed parameters included age, gender, disease pattern, the presence of deep vein thrombosis, resuscitation, in-hospital mortality, present anticoagulation, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, hypertension and ABO blood type. Computed tomography confirmed 165 cases of pulmonary embolism among 387 patients with clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism (42%). Younger age (p < 0.0001), female gender (p < 0.006), neurooncological disease (p < 0.002), non-O blood type (p < 0.002) and the absence of Marcumar therapy (p < 0.003) were identified as significant risk factors for pulmonary embolism. On the basis of the identified risk factors, the AMBOS score system is introduced. Neurocritical care patients with high AMBOS score are at elevated risk for PE and should therefore be put under intensified monitoring for cardiovascular events in neurocritical care units.
Cyber security in New Space
Authors: Manulis M. , Bridges C. P. , Harrison R. , Sekar V. , Davis A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevelopments in technologies, attitudes and investment are transforming the space environment, achieving greater accessibility for an increasing number of parties. New and proposed constellations will increase the in-orbit satellite population by the order of thousands, expanding the threat landscape of the space industry. This article analyses past satellite security threats and incidents to assess the motivations and characteristics of adversarial threats to satellites. The ground and radio frequency communications were the most favoured targets; however, the boom of satellites constellations in the upcoming years may shift this focus towards the space segment which must be addressed. Key technology advancements and open issues in the satellite industry related to security and operational requirements are also discussed.
Ammonia Decomposition Enhancement by Cs-Promoted Fe/Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Parker Luke A. , Carter James H. , Dummer Nicholas F. , Richards Nia , Morgan David J. , Golunski Stanislaw E. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A range of Cs-doped Fe/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared for the ammonia decomposition reaction. Through time on-line studies it was shown that at all loadings of Cs investigated the activity of the Fe/Al2O3 catalysts was enhanced, with the optimum Cs:Fe being ca. 1. Initially, the rate of NH3 decomposition was low, typically < 10% equilibrium conversion (99.7%@500°C) recorded after 1 h. All catalysts exhibited an induction period (typically ca. 10 h) with the conversion reaching a high of 67% equilibrium conversion for Cs:Fe = 0.5 and 1. The highest rate of decomposition observed was attributed to the balance between increasing the concentration of Cs without blocking the active site. Analysis of H2-TPR and XPS measurements indicated that Cs acts as an electronic promoter. Previously, Cs has been shown to act as a promoter for Ru, where Cs alters the electron density of the active site, thereby facilitating the recombination of N2 which is considered the rate determining step. In addition, XRD and N2 adsorption measurements suggest that with higher Cs loadings deactivation of the catalytic activity is due to a layer of CsOH that forms on the surface and blocks active sites.

Graphic Abstract
Short-form RON (sf-RON) enhances glucose metabolism to promote cell proliferation via activating β-catenin/SIX1 signaling pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Ziliang , Yang Yufei , Hu Shuang , He Jian , Wu Zheng , Qi Zihao , Huang Mingzhu , Liu Rujiao , Lin Ying , Tan Cong , Xu Midie , Zhang Zhe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecepteur d’origine nantais (RON) has been implicated in cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance of various human malignancies. The short-form RON (sf-RON) encoded by RON transcripts was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, but its regulatory functions remain illustrated. Here, we found that sf-RON promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation by enhancing glucose metabolism. Furthermore, sf-RON was proved to induce the β-catenin expression level through the AKT1/GSK3β signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the binding sites of β-catenin were identified in the promoter region of SIX1 and it was also demonstrated that β-catenin positively regulated SIX1 expression. SIX1 enhanced the promoter activity of key proteins in glucose metabolism, such as GLUT1 and LDHA. Results indicated that sf-RON regulated the cell proliferation and glucose metabolism of gastric cancer by participating in a sf-RON/β-catenin/SIX1 signaling axis and had significant implications for choosing the therapeutic target of gastric cancer.
Small field islands systems include a large proportion of the regional orthopteran species pool in arable landscapes
Authors: Riggi Laura G. A. , Berggren Åsa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe tendency of species richness to increase with patch area is one of the most robust empirical generalisations in ecology and its logic drives conservation actions. Indeed, preference is often given to conserving large, highly connected areas over small isolated patches. However, small habitats have been shown to be important biodiversity refuges in managed landscapes. Field islands are small remnants of natural habitat patches surrounded by cropland. While their island-like position in a species-poor crop field makes them potentially strategic habitats for biodiversity conservation, they have not received much attention in ecological studies. We investigated how local (i.e. field island area and habitat diversity) and landscape factors (i.e. proportion of arable land) affected orthopteran species richness, community mean dispersal and habitat specificity in 71 field islands in central Sweden. We found that despite low numbers of species per field island, due to their intrinsic small size, taken together, a system of small field island increased species richness and included a large proportion of the regional species pool in the arable landscape in central Sweden. Furthermore, we found that patch area and habitat diversity determined orthopteran community composition in field islands. More diverse and, to a lesser extent, larger field islands benefit sedentary and habitat specialist species. This study shows that more care should be taken to incorporate and potentially also prioritize small and permanent habitat patches in the management of agricultural landscapes. The protection of field islands with diverse habitats may be important for the maintenance of sedentary and specialist species.
On the robustness of multidimensional counting poverty orderings
Authors: Azpitarte Francisco , Gallegos Jose , Yalonetzky Gaston 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCounting poverty measures have gained prominence in the analysis of multidimensional poverty in recent decades. Poverty orderings based on these measures typically depend on methodological choices regarding individual poverty functions, poverty cut-offs, and dimensional weights whose impact on poverty rankings is often not well understood. In this paper we propose new dominance conditions that allow the analyst to evaluate the robustness of poverty comparisons to those choices. These conditions provide an approach to evaluating the sensitivity of poverty orderings superior to the common approach of considering a restricted and arbitrary set of indices, cut-offs, and weights. The new criteria apply to a broad class of counting poverty measures widely used in empirical analysis of poverty in developed and developing countries including the multidimensional headcount and the adjusted headcount ratios. We illustrate these methods with an application to time-trends in poverty in Australia and cross-regional poverty in Peru. Our results highlight the potentially large sensitivity of poverty orderings based on counting measures and the importance of evaluating the robustness of results when performing poverty comparisons across time and regions.
Dialect, language, nation: 50 years on
Authors: Joseph John E. , Rutten Gijsbert , Vosters Rik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver 50 years ago, the Norwegian-American linguist Einar Haugen published a seminal paper entitled ‘Dialect, language and nation’ (Am Anthropol 68:922–935, 1966b), in which he expounds his four-step model of standardization, explaining the development from dialect to standard following a process of norm selection, codification, acceptance and elaboration. In this article, we start by discussing the life and work of Einar Haugen, situating him within the history of linguistic thought throughout his career. Next, we zoom in on his standardization framework more specifically, discussing the relevant aspects of his four-box matrix, but also comparing his initial proposals to later influential publications on the subject expanding on his ideas, most notably by Milroy and Milroy (Authority in language. Investigating language prescription and standardisation, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1985) and Joseph (The rise of language standards and standard languages, Frances Pinter, London, 1987b). Finally, we will proceed to give an overview of what we perceive to be major lacunae or shortcomings in Haugen’s standardization framework, focusing on specific elements missing, unclear or in need of refinement in one of the four originally defined steps, but also discussing Haugen’s fairly restrictive understanding of the directionality of language change, the narrow empirical scope of traditional standardization research, the crucial role played by ideology in the development of a standard variety, and the strong monolingual bias and relative absence of language contact in traditional accounts of standardization.
Split-Brain: What We Know Now and Why This is Important for Understanding Consciousness
Authors: de Haan Edward H. F. , Corballis Paul M. , Hillyard Steven A. , Marzi Carlo A. , Seth Anil , Lamme Victor A. F. , Volz Lukas , Fabri Mara , Schechter Elizabeth , Bayne Tim , Corballis Michael , Pinto Yair 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, the discussion regarding the consequences of cutting the corpus callosum (“split-brain”) has regained momentum (Corballis, Corballis, Berlucchi, & Marzi,Brain,141(6), e46, 2018; Pinto et al.,Brain, 140(5), 1231–1237, 2017a; Pinto, Lamme, & de Haan,Brain, 140(11), e68, 2017; Volz & Gazzaniga,Brain,140(7), 2051–2060, 2017; Volz, Hillyard, Miller, & Gazzaniga,Brain,141(3), e15, 2018). This collective review paper aims to summarize the empirical common ground, to delineate the different interpretations, and to identify the remaining questions. In short, callosotomy leads to a broad breakdown of functional integration ranging from perception to attention. However, the breakdown is not absolute as several processes, such as action control, seem to remain unified. Disagreement exists about the responsible mechanisms for this remaining unity. The main issue concerns the first-person perspective of a split-brain patient. Does a split-brain harbor a split consciousness or is consciousness unified? The current consensus is that the body of evidence is insufficient to answer this question, and different suggestions are made with respect to how future studies might address this paucity. In addition, it is suggested that the answers might not be a simple yes or no but that intermediate conceptualizations need to be considered.
Apocalypse Now!: From Freud, Through Lacan, to Stiegler’s Psychoanalytic ‘Survival Project
Authors: Featherstone Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this article is to explore the value of psychoanalysis in the early twenty-first century through reference to Freud, Lacan, and Stiegler’s work on computational madness. In the first section of the article I consider the original objectives of psychoanalysis through reference to what I call Freud’s ‘normalisation project’, before exploring the critique of this discourse concerned with the defence of oedipal law through a discussion of the post-modern ‘individualisation project’ set out by Deleuze and Guattari and others. Tracking the development of ‘the individualisation project’ in history, I consider its connections with the cybernetic theories of Wiener and Shannon in the psycho-cyber-utopianism of the 1990s, before moving on to consider the other side of the psychoanalytic-cybernetic interaction through a discussion of Jacques Lacan’s rereading of Freud’sBeyond the Pleasure Principlein the second section of the article. In reading Lacan’s seminar on Freudian drive in terms of the cybernetic repression of death, I set up the conclusion to the article which involves a discussion of Bernard Stiegler’s ‘survival project’ that relies on a recognition of the limit of death in order to produce human significance and oppose the madness of our contemporary computational reality.
Mass Violence and the Continuum of Destruction: A study of C. P. Taylor’s Good
Authors: Hardie-Bick James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are important studies that have directly focused on how, in times of conflict, it is possible for previously law abiding people to commit the most atrocious acts of cruelty and violence. The work of Erich Fromm (Escape from Freedom), Hannah Arendt (Eichmann in Jerusalem), Zygmunt Bauman (Modernity and the Holocaust) and Ernest Becker (Escape from Evil) have all contemplated the driving force of aggression and mass violence to further our understanding of how people are capable of engaging in extreme forms of cruelty and violence. This paper specifically addresses these issues by focusing on C. P. Taylor’s playGood.This provocative play examines how a seemingly ‘good’ and intelligent university professor can gradually become caught up in the workings of the Third Reich. Taylor highlights the importance of appreciating how people can be steadily incorporated into an ideologically destructive system. I argue that the theatre is a powerful medium to explore these complex issues. The audience ofGoodfind themselves confronted with the following question—‘What would you have done?’
Organic Matter in the Solar System—Implications for Future on-Site and Sample Return Missions
Authors: Martins Zita , Chan Queenie Hoi Shan , Bonal Lydie , King Ashley , Yabuta Hikaru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolar system bodies like comets, asteroids, meteorites and dust particles contain organic matter with different abundances, structures and chemical composition. This chapter compares the similarities and differences of the organic composition in these planetary bodies. Furthermore, these links are explored in the context of detecting the most pristine organic material, either by on-site analysis or sample return missions. Finally, we discuss the targets of potential future sample return missions, as well as the contamination controls that should be in place in order to successfully study pristine organic matter.
Ganging up on Trump? Sino-German Relations and the Problem with Soft Balancing against the USA
Authors: Biba Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoft balancing has recently been framed as a general foreign policy strategy that is basically open to any state. However, what coalitions can actually engage in joint soft-balancing behavior? To date, the literature has focused on more traditional foe-foe constellations and less traditional friend-friend constellations. In the former, all the soft-balancing partners are foes of the opponent; in the latter, all the soft-balancing partners are friends/allies of the opponent. But what about mixed soft-balancing coalitions in which one partner is a foe of the opponent whereas another partner is an ally/friend of the opponent? This article sets out to argue that such mixed soft-balancing coalitions are not possible. It moreover contends that the reason for this is the fact that the execution of soft-balancing behavior is more demanding and more consequential than one might think upon hearing the term “soft.” The hurdles for the ally/friend of the opponent in such a (theoretical) mixed soft-balancing coalition are therefore too high to actually follow through with such a strategy. To support its arguments, the article analyzes a crucial case study based on a most-likely-case design. More precisely, it looks into Sino-German reactions to US president Donald Trump’s “America First” approach. The article indeed finds that while both China and Germany have lamented Trump’s “America First” approach, the leap for Germany as a US ally and friend to translating the complaints about Trump into tangible soft-balancing activities together with China has simply been too big. Even though Germany and China are themselves close partners, Germany ultimately remains too close to the USA, and US positions on China, for Sino-German soft balancing against the USA to be a workable option.
Professionalisierung pädagogischer Fachkräfte in Kindertageseinrichtungen – Über das Zusammenspiel von Wissen, Einstellungen und Handeln
Authors: Kratzmann Jens , Sawatzky Alla , Sachse Steffi 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Beitrag wird anhand einer randomisierten Interventionsstudie in Kindertageseinrichtungen geprüft, ob sich durch eine längerfristig angelegte In-House-Weiterbildungsmaßnahme eine Veränderung der Praxis zu einer mehrsprachigkeitsintegrierenden Einrichtung erreichen lässt. Weiter wird ein Professionalisierungsmodell des Zusammenwirkens zwischen Wissen, Einstellungen und Performanz anhand von Strukturgleichungsmodellen geprüft. Datengrundlage bildet eine Stichprobe von $$n=199$$
n
=
199
Fachkräften aus 19 Kindergärten in insgesamt 54 Gruppen. Die verwendeten Konstrukte lagen aus zwei Messzeitpunkten aus dem Jahr 2015 und 2018 vor. Die Ergebnisse zeigen heterogene Effekte der Intervention auf die Einstellungen und stabile Effekte auf das Wissen der Fachkräfte. Hinsichtlich der Performanz der Fachkräfte zeigt sich in einzelnen Aspekten eine Entwicklung zugunsten der Interventionsgruppe. Veränderung von Praxis zu einer mehrsprachigkeitsintegrierenden Lernumgebung erscheint als ein langwieriger Prozess, der nach den Ergebnissen der Strukturgleichungsmodelle von Einstellungen der Fachkräfte mit beeinflusst erscheint, sich jedoch nicht auf deren Wissenserweiterung zurückführen lässt.
Environmental sustainability assessment of a biomass-based chemical industry in the Visegrad countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia
Authors: Cséfalvay Edit , Hajas Tamás , Mika László T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree recently introduced ethanol equivalent-based sustainability metrics i.e., the sustainability value of resource replacement, the sustainability value of the fate of waste, and the sustainability indicator were used to assess the environmental sustainability of the possible bioethanol-based chemical industry in the Visegrad countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The production of basic chemicals such as ethylene, propylene, toluene, xylenes, styrene, and benzene from bioethanol was evaluated. The theory is based on the utilization of cornstarch-based, first-generation bioethanol as a feedstock to produce bio-ethylene, which could be subsequently used as a starting material of well-established chemical technologies to synthesize the listed bulk chemicals. The analysis, which is a non-life-cycle assessment-based approach enlightened that although the switch of the chemical industry from crude oil to bioethanol would be theoretically feasible, the actual bioethanol production was far less than required to cover the raw material needs. Due to the high conversion and selectivity of the reactions studied, the sustainability value of the fate of the waste approached the sustainable value in case of ethylene production (i.e., 1), and the sustainability value of resource replacement acted as the limiting factor in sustainability indicator calculation. We showed a possibility to replace fossil-fuel resources with bioethanol, though the actual bioethanol volumes are not enough to cover the resource needs. Of the Visegrad countries, Slovakia shows the highest sustainability, but none of them can reach the minimum sustainable value of 0.5 up to now.
A Performance Comparison of Low-Cost Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometers to a Conventional Laboratory Spectrometer for Rapid Biomass Compositional Analysis
Authors: Wolfrum Edward J. , Payne Courtney , Schwartz Alexa , Jacobs Joshua , Kressin Robert W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe performance of a conventional laboratory near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer and two NIR spectrometer prototypes (a Texas Instruments NIRSCAN Nano evaluation model (EVM) and an InnoSpectra NIR-M-R2 spectrometer) are compared by collecting reflectance spectra of 270 well-characterized herbaceous biomass samples, building calibration models using the partial least squares (PLS-2) algorithm to predict five constituents of the samples from the reflectance spectra, and comparing the resulting model statistics. The prediction models developed using spectra from the Foss XDS spectrometer were slightly better than the prediction models developed using spectra from either the TI NIRSCAN Nano EVM and the InnoSpectra NIR-M-R2 as measured by the root mean square error (RMSECV) and the correlation coefficient (R2_cv) for “leave-one-out” cross-validation (CV). The models built from the two prototype units were not statistically significantly different from each other (p = 0.05). The Foss spectrometer has a larger wavelength range (400–2500 nm) compared with the two prototypes (900–1700 nm). When the spectra from the Foss XDS spectrometer were truncated so their wavelength range matched the wavelength range of the two prototype units, the resulting model was not statistically significantly different from the models from either prototype.