bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the finite sample distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic for testing heterogeneity in meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuk Sunghee , Lee Woojoo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn meta‐analysis, hypothesis testing is one of the commonly used approaches for assessing whether heterogeneity exists in effects between studies. The literature concluded that the Q‐statistic is clearly the best choice and criticized the performance of the likelihood ratio test in terms of the type I error control and power. However, all the criticism for the likelihood ratio test is based on the use of a mixture of two chi‐square distributions with 0 and 1 degrees of freedom, which is justified only asymptotically. In this study, we develop a novel method to derive the finite sample distribution of the likelihood ratio test and restricted likelihood ratio test statistics for testing the zero variance component in the random effects model for meta‐analysis. We also extend this result to the heterogeneity test when metaregression is applied. A numerical study shows that the proposed statistics have superior performance to the Q‐statistic, especially when the number of studies collected for meta‐analysis is small to moderate.
Reduced thiamine is a predictor for cognitive impairment of cerebral infarction
Authors: Feng Liang , He Weilei , Huang Guiqian , Lin Shasha , Yuan Chengxiang , Cheng Haoran , He Jincai , Liu Yiming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveReduced thiamine (vitamin B1) had been reported to be associated with cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer disease. Our study is to explore the association between thiamine and cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and eighty two patients with acute cerebral infarction were recruited within the first 24 hr after admission. Thiamine and other vitamin Bs of peripheral blood samples were measured. Patients were divided into with poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and non‐PSCI according to the score of MMSE and the degree of education.ResultsReduced thiamine (<1.0 ng/ml) was independently associated with PSCI (OR: 2.033, 95% CI: 1.017–4.067, p = .045) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Advanced age, lower education, diabetes mellitus, left hemisphere infarction, and higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were also independent risk factors for PSCI.ConclusionsReduced thiamine is one of the predictors for early cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
Estrogen improved the regeneration of axons after subcortical axon injury via regulation of PI3K/Akt/CDK5/Tau pathway
Authors: Xia Xiaohui , Zhou Changlong , Sun Xiaochuan , He Xuenong , Liu Chang , Wang Guanyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of estrogen on axon regeneration and neurological recovery after subcortical axon injury, and further explore its underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodSubcortical axonal fiber injury model was used in this study. Morris water maze was conducted to detect the learning and memory ability of the rats; modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and beam walking test were performed to evaluate the behavioral; and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used for the determination of recovery after subcortical axonal injury, while Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of p‐Akt, CDK5, p‐Ser262, p‐Ser404, and p‐Thr205.ResultsCompared with the Sham group, the injury of subcortical axonal fiber resulted in higher mNSS, higher beam walking scores, longer time of escape latency, less number, time and shorter distance of crossing the quadrant, and less FA values. After ovariectomy, the mNSS, beam walking scores, and escape latency reached the peak; inversely, the others reached a minimum. High estrogen treatment reduced the mNSS, beam walking score, and escape latency; improved the number, time, and distance of crossing the quadrant; and increased the FA value. Western blotting results showed that estrogen increased the expression of p‐Akt and decreased the expression of CDK5, p‐Ser262, p‐Ser404, and p‐Thr205. All the changes were counteracted to some extent by Akt inhibitor LY294002.ConclusionAfter subcortical axonal injury, estrogen could improve the regeneration of axons and improve their functions via regulating the PI3K/Akt/CDK5/Tau pathway.
Evaluating an online augmented reality puzzle for DC circuits: Students' feedback and conceptual knowledge gain
Authors: Urbano Diana , de Fátima Chouzal Maria , Restivo Maria Teresa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) enables users to overlay new information over the real environment, allowing them to get a clear perception of physical systems or even to interact with them. AR is a powerful and promising tool in many areas, including engineering‐related ones. Therefore, it has aroused growing interest in engineering education. The main objectives of this study are to examine engineering students' feedback and conceptual knowledge gain resulting from using an online AR app. The design and development of the app, named “AR DC circuit puzzle,” was driven by the intention to familiarize students with AR, using a tool that addresses direct current circuits' concepts, a subject belonging to almost all undergraduate engineering syllabi. Through structural equation modeling, the analysis of the relationships between several psychological traits related to the use of the AR app revealed that attitude toward the use of AR is very positive and mostly driven by the value students perceived this app to have in the context of their engineering training. The use of a pre‐ and posttest methodology resulted in large average normalized gains and effect sizes, indicating conceptual knowledge gain. The current worldwide situation triggered the massive use of digital tools; hence, it can be anticipated that in the future, there will be a greater need for online learning resources. This study, involving a large sample of engineering students in three consecutive academic years, shows that the used online tool based on AR can engage students and, with the right strategy, can promote knowledge gain.
Who can be nudged? Examining nudging effectiveness in the context of need for cognition and need for uniqueness
Authors: Ingendahl Moritz , Hummel Dennis , Maedche Alexander , Vogel Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been a growing research focus on the subtle modifications of choice architecture that have strong effects on consumer behavior and are subsumed under the term nudging. There is still little research, however, on how different nudges influence individuals with different personality characteristics. An experimental online shopping scenario is used to test whether a customer's Need for Cognition and Need for Uniqueness moderate the effectiveness of two of the most prominent nudges—defaults and social influence. Two experiments with samples stratified by age, gender, and education (total N = 1,561) reveal that defaults and social influence have the predicted impact on a customer's decision. Across both studies, nudge effectiveness was partially impacted by Need for Cognition and not impacted at all by Need for Uniqueness. These findings imply that both types of nudges are strong and robust techniques to influence consumer decision‐making and are effective across different levels of consumer's Need for Cognition or Need for Uniqueness.
Seemingly Negligible Amounts of Platinum Nanoparticles Mislead Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction Pathway on Platinum Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Shin Sangyong , Kim Hee‐Eun , Kim Beom‐Sik , Jeon Sun Seo , Jeong Hojin , Lee Hyunjoo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA few studies have claimed that Pt single‐atom catalysts (SACs) can catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) following a four‐electron pathway (O2+4H++4e−→2H2O). Here, we show that, in the presence of a seemingly negligible amount of Pt nanoparticles, the ORR can mistakenly be thought to occur via a four‐electron pathway on Pt SACs. Various weight percentages (1, 2, 4, 8 wt%) of Pt SACs were prepared on C3N4 layers deposited on a carbon support (C@C3N4). Through a combination of H2/CO uptakes and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) results, the amount of Pt nanoparticles could be estimated when they were mixed with Pt single atoms. Particularly, most of Pt in the 4 wt% Pt catalyst existed as single atoms, but a small number of Pt nanoparticles co‐existed. Although this catalyst seemed to follow the four‐electron pathway, the reaction actually occurred on Pt nanoparticles, not Pt single‐atoms.
Function–Topology Relationship in the Catalytic Hydrolysis of a Chemical Warfare Simulant in Two Zr‐MOFs
Authors: Ghasempour Hosein , Morsali Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOwing to their high surface area, high concentration of active metal sites, and water stability, zirconium(VI)‐based metal–organic frameworks (Zr‐MOFs) have shown excellent activity in the hydrolysis of organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNs). In this regard, for the first time, two topologically different Zr‐MOFs (Zr‐fcu‐tmuc and Zr‐bcu‐tmuc, constructed from the same organic and inorganic building blocks; fcu=face‐centered cubic, bcu=body‐centered cubic) have been rationally chosen to investigate the effect of network topology on the catalytic hydrolysis of the nerve agent simulant, dimethyl 4‐nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP). A remarkable enhancement in the hydrolysis rate of DMNP was observed with Zr‐bcu‐tmuc, reducing the half‐life more than three‐fold compared with Zr‐fcu‐tmuc. Greater accessibility of the active ZrVI sites in the 8‐connected bcu net compared with the 12‐connected fcu leads to a faster hydrolysis of DMNP on Zr‐bcu‐tmuc. Interestingly, the higher activity of Zr‐bcu‐tmuc was also confirmed by its higher fluorescence sensitivity towards DMNP (limit of detection (LOD)=0.557 μm) compared with Zr‐fcu‐tmuc (LOD=1.09 μm). The results show that controlling the desired topology of Zr‐MOFs is a useful strategy for improving their performance in the detection and catalytic detoxification of OPNs.
A randomized phase 2 trial of pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab and acalabrutinib in patients with platinum‐resistant metastatic urothelial cancer
Authors: Zhang Tian , Harrison Michael R. , O'Donnell Peter H. , Alva Ajjai S. , Hahn Noah M. , Appleman Leonard J. , Cetnar Jeremy , Burke John M. , Fleming Mark T. , Milowsky Matthew I. , Mortazavi Amir , Shore Neal , Sonpavde Guru P. , Schmidt Emmett V. , Bitman Bojena , Munugalavadla Veerendra , Izumi Raquel , Patel Priti , Staats Janet , Chan Cliburn , Weinhold Kent J. , George Daniel J. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundInhibition of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) pathway has demonstrated clinical benefit in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC); however, response rates of 15% to 26% highlight the need for more effective therapies. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition may suppress myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and improve T‐cell activation.MethodsThe Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Acalabrutinib and Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy Dual Checkpoint Inhibition in Platinum‐Resistant Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (RAPID CHECK; also known as ACE‐ST‐005) was a randomized phase 2 trial evaluating the PD‐1 inhibitor pembrolizumab with or without the BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib for patients with platinum‐refractory mUC. The primary objectives were safety and objective response rates (ORRs) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Immune profiling was performed to analyze circulating monocytic MDSCs and T cells.ResultsSeventy‐five patients were treated with pembrolizumab (n = 35) or pembrolizumab plus acalabrutinib (n = 40). The ORR was 26% with pembrolizumab (9% with a complete response [CR]) and 20% with pembrolizumab plus acalabrutinib (10% with a CR). The grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) that occurred in ≥15% of the patients were anemia (20%) with pembrolizumab and fatigue (23%), increased alanine aminotransferase (23%), urinary tract infections (18%), and anemia (18%) with pembrolizumab plus acalabrutinib. One patient treated with pembrolizumab plus acalabrutinib had high MDSCs at the baseline, which significantly decreased at week 7. Overall, MDSCs were not correlated with a clinical response, but some subsets of CD8+ T cells did increase during the combination treatment.ConclusionsBoth treatments were generally well tolerated, although serious AE rates were higher with the combination. Acalabrutinib plus pembrolizumab did not improve the ORR, PFS, or OS in comparison with pembrolizumab alone in mUC. Baseline and on‐treatment peripheral monocytic MDSCs were not different in the treatment cohorts. Proliferating CD8+ T‐cell subsets increased during treatment, particularly in the combination cohort. Ongoing studies are correlating these peripheral immunome findings with tissue‐based immune cell infiltration.
Regulatory CDH4 Genetic Variants Associate With Risk to Develop Capecitabine‐Induced Hand‐Foot Syndrome
Authors: Ruiz‐Pinto Sara , Pita Guillermo , Martín Miguel , Nuñez‐Torres Rocío , Cuadrado Ana , Shahbazi Marta N. , Caronia Daniela , Kojic Alexander , Moreno Leticia T. , de la Torre‐Montero Julio C. , Lozano María , López‐Fernández Luis A. , Ribelles Nuria , García‐Saenz Jose A. , Alba Emilio , Milne Roger L. , Losada Ana , Pérez‐Moreno Mirna , Benítez Javier , González‐Neira Anna 
Published: August 2020

Capecitabine‐induced hand‐foot syndrome (CiHFS) is a common dermatological adverse reaction affecting around 30% of patients with capecitabine‐treated cancer, and the main cause of dose reductions and chemotherapy delays. To identify novel genetic factors associated with CiHFS in patients with cancer, we carried out an extreme‐phenotype genomewide association study in 166 patients with breast and colorectal capecitabine‐treated cancer with replication in a second cohort of 85 patients. We discovered and replicated a cluster of four highly correlated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to CiHFS at 20q13.33 locus (top hit = rs6129058, hazard ratio = 2.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.78–3.20; P = 1.2 × 10−8). Using circular chromosome conformation capture sequencing, we identified a chromatin contact between the locus containing the risk alleles and the promoter of CDH4, located 90 kilobases away. The risk haplotype was associated with decreased levels of CDH4 mRNA and the protein it encodes, R‐cadherin (RCAD), which mainly localizes in the granular layer of the epidermis. In human keratinocytes, CDH4 downregulation resulted in reduced expression of involucrin, a protein of the cornified envelope, an essential structure for skin barrier function. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that skin from patients with severe CiHFS exhibited low levels of RCAD and involucrin before capecitabine treatment. Our results uncover a novel mechanism underlying individual genetic susceptibility to CiHFS with implications for clinically relevant risk prediction.
Mineral authigenesis within chemosynthetic microbial mats: Coated grain formation and phosphogenesis at a Cretaceous hydrocarbon seep, New Zealand
Authors: Zwicker Jennifer , Smrzka Daniel , Steindl Florian , Böttcher Michael E. , Libowitzky Eugen , Kiel Steffen , Peckmann Jörn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarine hydrocarbon seeps are sites of chemosynthetic microbial activity and authigenic carbonate formation. Seep limestones are typified by a range of geochemical signatures of microbial hydrocarbon oxidation, but only few seep deposits reveal mesofabrics that can be regarded as evidence of microbial activity. A Cretaceous methane‐seep limestone from Waipiro Bay, New Zealand, exhibits a fabric composed of cryptocrystalline carbonate fluorapatite between carbonate coated grains and spheroidal calcite. To understand the unusual Waipiro deposit, a paragenetic sequence has been derived for coated grains, spheroidal calcite and carbonate fluorapatite using thin section petrography, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and stable isotope geochemistry. The formation of 13C‐depleted coated grains (δ13C values as low as −15.8‰ Vienna‐Pee Dee Belemnite) and spheroidal calcite (δ13C values as low as −21.3‰) was favoured by hydrocarbon oxidation. Fibrous banded and botryoidal cement, a typical early diagenetic phase of hydrocarbon‐seep deposits, features δ13C values as low as −22.9‰. Coated grains and spheroidal calcite grew by displacive growth in a gel‐like medium, probably a microbial mat. Phosphorus is a mobile element and marine pore waters are typically undersaturated with respect to carbonate fluorapatite. Specific conditions are consequently required to retain sufficient concentrations to precipitate carbonate fluorapatite. Possible sources of phosphorus for the formation of the 13C‐depleted Waipiro carbonate fluorapatite (mean δ13C value of −15.4‰) include (a) the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter by organoclastic sulphate reduction, (b) the degradation of the microbial mat itself and (c) the active release of polyphosphate by sulphide‐oxidizing bacteria. This study suggests that the formation of the Cretaceous Waipiro seep limestone involved an interplay of biogeochemical processes including sulphate‐driven anaerobic oxidation of methane, organoclastic sulphate reduction and possibly nitrate‐dependent sulphide oxidation. It further demonstrates that coated grains resembling oncoids are not restricted to shallow water, photosynthesis‐dependent ecosystems.
Insectivorous birds can see and smell systemically herbivore‐induced pines
Authors: Mäntylä Elina , Kipper Silke , Hilker Monika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that insectivorous birds are attracted to herbivore‐damaged trees even when they cannot see or smell the actual herbivores or their feces. However, it often remained an open question whether birds are attracted by herbivore‐induced changes in leaf odor or in leaf light reflectance or by both types of changes. Our study addressed this question by investigating the response of great tits (Parus major) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) damaged by pine sawfly larvae (Diprion pini). We released the birds individually to a study booth, where they were simultaneously offered a systemically herbivore‐induced and a noninfested control pine branch. In the first experiment, the birds could see the branches, but could not smell them, because each branch was kept inside a transparent, airtight cylinder. In the second experiment, the birds could smell the branches, but could not see them, because each branch was placed inside a nontransparent cylinder with a mesh lid. The results show that the birds were more attracted to the herbivore‐induced branch in both experiments. Hence, either type of the tested cues, the herbivore‐induced visual plant cue alone as well as the olfactory cues per se, is attractive to the birds.
Comparing eating behaviours, and symptoms of depression and anxiety between Spain and Greece during theCOVID‐19 outbreak: Cross‐sectional analysis of two different confinement strategies
Authors: Papandreou Christopher , Arija Victoria , Aretouli Eleni , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Bulló Mònica 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe compared eating behaviours, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in two countries with different confinement strictness strategies and different levels of COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodA web‐based cross‐sectional survey was administered during and shortly after the COVID‐19 related lockdown in Spain and Greece. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify country differences associated with eating behaviour, and symptoms of depression and anxiety.ResultsThis study included 1,002 responders in Spain and 839 in Greece. The mean ± SD of restraint, emotional and external eating was 2.5 ± 0.79, 2.1 ± 0.81 and 2.6 ± 0.65 in Spain, whereas 2.7 ± 0.85, 2.3 ± 0.99 and 2.9 ± 0.74 in Greece. Spanish participants had lower average scores of restraint and external eating compared to Greek participants (p < .001), but no difference was seen for emotional eating. In Spain, 13.6%, and 12.3% of the survey respondents reported moderate to severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, whereas in Greece the respective values were 18.8 and 13.2%. After adjusting for several risk factors, a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms was observed in Spain compared to Greece (p= .001), but no difference was seen for depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated high scores of inappropriate eating behaviours and a high frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms in two Mediterranean countries during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Our findings revealed that compared to Greek participants, Spanish participants, that faced more severe COVID‐19 pandemic and stricter lockdown measures, were associated with lower restraint and external eating and increased anxiety symptoms, but not with depressive symptoms or emotional eating.
Kinetic analysis about the CO2 capture capacity of lime mud from paper mill in calcium looping process
Authors: Sun Rongyue , Xiao Rui , Ye Jiangming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLime mud, a kind of industrial waste that produced in paper mill, was proposed as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process. The carbonation performance of the lime mud was investigated in a dual‐fixed bed reactor (DFR) and a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The carbonation kinetics of the lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage was analyzed by a surface reaction‐controlled kinetic model. The results show that the lime mud presents much poorer carbonation performance during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the limestone, mainly due to the high content of chlorine in the lime mud. A prewash treatment process was used to decrease the chlorine content to mitigate the sintering of the lime mud when calcined at high temperature. After prewash treatment, the prewashed lime mud shows much higher CO2 capture capacity during the chemical reaction controlled stage compared with the lime mud. A prolonged carbonation process successfully further enhances the microstructure and improves the carbonation performance of the prewashed lime mud in the chemical reaction controlled stage. The lime mud can be effectively used as CO2 sorbent in calcium looping process after prewash treatment and the following prolonged carbonation treatment.
Erstellung einer Baugrube unter dem Amsterdamer Hauptbahnhof mithilfe der Bodengefriertechnik
Authors: Nellessen Charlotte , Müller Benno , Sauer Frederic , van den Bosch Tim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDie Erstellung einer Baugrube unterhalb eines der verkehrsreichsten Bahnhöfe der Niederlande, mit möglichst geringer Beeinträchtigung der Reisenden, erfordert technisch innovative Lösungen. In diesem Bericht wird die Planung und Ausführung der „Cuyperstrap“, eines Treppenabgangs aus der historischen Halle des Bahnhofs Amsterdam Centraal in die darunter gelegene Verteilerebene der Metro, erläutert. Aufgrund der komplexen Randbedingungen, insbesondere des begrenzten Arbeitsraums, des hohen Grundwasserspiegels und der historischen Bausubstanz, waren übliche Verbaumethoden nicht anwendbar. Mithilfe der Bodengefriertechnik wurde eine Schwergewichtswand als alleiniger Baugrubenverbau erstellt. Die Bodengefriertechnik ist eine vor allem aus dem Tunnel‐ und Bergbau bekannte Technik, die auch im Ingenieurbau angewendet wird. Das Einfrieren des Porenwassers im Boden erhöht die Tragfähigkeit und macht den gefrorenen Bereich wasserundurchlässig. Der iterativ verfeinerte Entwurf umfasste statische und thermische Berechnungen. Beginnend mit dem Bohren der Gefrierrohre und der Installation der Baustelleneinrichtung begann die Ausführung Anfang 2019. Die Gefrierarbeiten dauerten von April bis November 2019 und endeten mit der Fertigstellung der äußeren Betonstruktur. Die Cuyperstrap wurde im Juli 2020 für die Öffentlichkeit freigegeben.