bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Implementation of A Cycling Safety Education Program Among School Children Without Previous Formal Cycling Training: A Case Study in Serbia
Authors: Bačkalić Svetlana , Stanojević Dragana , Jovanović Dragan , Matović Boško , Pljakić Miloš 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The promotion of cycling as a healthy and socio-economically acceptable way of moving has led to a significant increase in these road users. Moreover, the indisputable fact is that children cyclists belong to the group of the vulnerable road users. All this clearly indicates that cycling education programs for children are the only correct approach. The primary goal of the presented research are inception and implementation of a cycling safety education program for school-age children without formal cycling knowledge and skills. Methods: Students from the 4th grade (9 and 10 years old) from nine randomly schools on the territory of the Republic of Serbia participated in a survey. In order to measure and evaluate the knowledge and skills, the students were put through testing before and after the cycling safety education program. Data were analysed using repeated multivariate analysis of variance test.Results: Comparing the intervention group and the control group before and after the training program implementation, children’s total cycling knowledge increased in the intervention group. The cycling education program improved children's knowledge of road signs, age requirements, and risky behaviours. The results show that the cycling education program achieved significant improvements in all tested children's cycling skills. However, it was noticed that there was no significant intervention effect between control and intervention group in terms of the bicycle checking before riding.Conclusions: The current research, as a pilot study, provides evidence that cycling education programs might be effective in improving cycling-related knowledge and cycling skills among children. Future efforts should be directed towards promotion and implementation of cycling safety education programs in elementary schools where there is no formal cycling training for children on traffic safety, as well as towards monitoring of long-term effects of cycling training.
Revealing the Reaction Mechanism of C-C Coupling on Cu-based Tandem Catalysts towards CO2 Reduction
Authors: Kong Xiangdong , Ke Jingwen , Zhou Weiran , Yang Zhengwu , Chi Mingfang , Wang Cheng , Li Sijia , Si Rui , Liu Bin , Geng Zhigang , Zeng Jie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cu-based tandem catalysts have widely been exploited to improve the catalytic performance for multi-carbon (C2+) products towards CO2 electroreduction. Nevertheless, the underlying reaction mechanism for tandem catalytic system remains ambiguity. Herein, we unraveled the relationship between the behavior of adsorbed CO intermediate (*CO) and the process of C-C coupling. Due to the low coverage of *CO, the process of C-C coupling has always been restricted for Cu catalysts. Through regulating the molar ratios of CO2 to CO in co-feeding gases, we found that the moderate surface coverage of *CO was beneficial for the electroreduction of CO2 into ethylene (C2H4). Meanwhile, the cross-coupling process between CO2 and CO was proved to be responsible for the enhanced activity of C2H4 according to isotopic labeling experiments. We constructed a tandem model with cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) as CO-generating component on Cu to further verify the tandem mechanism. With the introduction of CoPc onto the surface of Cu, the partial current density for C2H4 reached as high as 313 mA cm-2 at applied current density of 480 mA cm-2, which was one-fold higher than that (165 mA cm-2) of Cu film. In-situ Raman measurements further revealed that CO generated by CoPc increased the coverage of *CO on the surface of Cu, facilitating the process of C-C coupling.
Postoperative Outcomes in Surgical COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Carrier François , Amzallag Éva , Lecluyse Vincent , Côté Geneviève , Couture Étienne , D'Aragon Frédérick , Kandelman Stanislas , Turgeon Alexis , Deschamps Alain , Nitulescu Roy , Djade Codjo , Girard Martin , Beaulieu Pierre , Richebé Philippe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundData on postoperative outcomes of the COVID-19 patient population is limited. We described COVID-19 patients who undergone a surgery and the pandemic impact on surgical activities.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter cohort study between March 13 and June 19 2020. We included COVID-19 patients who underwent surgery in nine centres of the Province of Québec, the Canadian province most afflicted by the pandemic. We also included suspected COVID-19 (subsequently confirmed not to have COVID-19) patients and patients who had recovered from it. We collected data on baseline characteristics, postoperative complications and overall surgical activities performed in participating centres. Our primary outcome was 30-day mortality. ResultsWe included 44 COVID-19 patients, 18 suspected patients, and 18 patients who had recovered from COVID-19 at time of surgery. Among the 44 COVID-19 patients, 31 surgeries (71%) were urgent and 16 (36%) were major. In these patients, pulmonary complications were frequent (25%) and 30-day mortality was 15.9%. This mortality was higher in patients with symptoms (23.1%) compared to those without symptoms (5.6%), although not statistically significant (p = 0.118). Of the total 22 616 cases performed among participating centres during the study period, only 0.19% had COVID-19 at the time of surgery. Fewer procedures were performed during the study period compared to the same period in 2019 (44 486 cases).Conclusion In this study, postoperative 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients undergoing surgery was 15.9%. Although few surgeries were performed on COVID-19 patients, the pandemic impact on surgical activity volume was important. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04458337
The Potential Impact of Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Therapies on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Hong Joo Ran , Jeong Hojin , Kim Hyeongsu , Yang Hyun Suk , Hong Ji Youn , Kim Sung Min , Cho Young Ah , Lee Yang Won , Choe Yong Beom , Ahn Kyu Joong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This nationwide population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the impact of systemic anti-inflammatory treatment on the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) risk in patients with psoriasis from January 2006 to December 2018, using a database provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Patients were grouped based on the following treatment modalities: biologics, phototherapy, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and mixed conventional systemic agents. Patients who had not received any systemic treatment were assigned to the control cohort. The incidence of MACE per 1,000 person-year was 3.5, 9.3, 12.1, 28.4, 39.5, and 14.5 in the biologic, phototherapy, methotrexate, cyclosporine, mixed conventional systemic agents, and control cohorts, respectively. During the 36-month follow-up, the cumulative incidence of MACE in the phototherapy and biologic cohorts remained lower than that of other treatment modalities. Cyclosporine (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.64–2.71) and mixed conventional systemic agents (HR = 2.57, 95% CI = 2.05–3.22) treatments were associated with increased MACE risk. Methotrexate treatment was not associated with MACE. Our finding demonstrates that treatment modalities may affect cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with psoriasis. Thus, an appropriate combination of anti-psoriatic therapies should be considered to manage patients with high cardiovascular risk.
Perception of Menopause Among Women of Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: S.A.R. Syed Alwi , I.B. Brohi , I. Awi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Various factors including menopausal status, educational and social background, culture, physical and emotional health may influence women’s perception about menopause. This study is to document the perception of menopause and factors influencing it among women in Sarawak, Malaysia.Methods: A face-to-face interview using a validated questionnaire was conducted with 324 Sarawakian women aged 40-65 years to determine the mean age of menopause and perception of menopause among these women.Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the women was 51.37 ± 5.91 years. 90 (27.8%) were premenopausal, 124 (38.5%) perimenopausal and 110 (33.7%) postmenopausal. Majority of these women 228 (70.4%) were local indigenous women of Sarawak. 22.5% agreed problem in menopause is a natural process. 21.9% of the participants agreed menopause should be treated medically. 32.3% of them agreed natural approaches for menopause symptoms are better than hormonal. 75.0% agreed absence of menses after menopause is a relief; 61.2% agreed menopause causes unpleasant symptoms; 51.7% were not sure either women become less sexually attractive after menopause; 51.1% were not sure if they feel less of a woman following menopause. 81.7% of the women were not sure if sexual activity is more enjoyable after menopause and 71.9% of them were uncertain whether changes in life during menopause are more stressful. Among the different menopausal stages; perimenopausal group of women were noted to have more positive perception compared to the pre and postmenopausal women. In this study it was noted, women with higher educational background generally have a better and positive perception on menopause.Conclusions: The perception of menopause in this study were found to be correspond to those in other studies on Asian women. Better educational level and perimenopausal women were found to have more positive perception on menopause compared to the rest of the women studied. Majority of the women noted that menopausal symptoms is unpleasant and absence of menses after menopause is a relief.
Geographic Variation of Environmental Chemicals and Testicular Pathology in Dogs
Authors: Sumner Rebecca , Byers Andrew , Zhang Zulin , England Gary , Lea Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Geographical differences in the prevalence of human testicular cancer and poor semen quality may reflect differential exposures to environmental contaminants. Here we report on pathology, histology and chemical content of dog testes from three locations in the UK [West Midlands (WM), East Midlands (EM), South East (SE)] and two in Scandinavia (Copenhagen, Denmark and Vantaa, Finland). Compared to the UK, Vantaa testes had fewer pathologies (p≤0.0001), fewer Sertoli cells and reduced germ cell staining for ‘depleted in azoospermia-like’ (DAZL), and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) [p≤0.0001: Sertoli, DAZL, PCNA]. Scandinavian testes had relatively higher PBDE concentrations [Vantaa vs SE and EM (p≤0.01), Copenhagen vs EM (p≤0.05)], lower DEHP concentrations (Vantaa vs UK: WM: p≤0.01; SE p≤0.0001; EM: p≤0.05, Copenhagen vs UK: SE: p≤0.05) and lower PCB concentrations (Vantaa vs UK: WM: p≤0.001, Copenhagen vs UK: WM; p<0.01). Compared to Copenhagen, Vantaa had a lower pathological score (p≤0.05) and reduced DAZL staining (p≤0.05). UK PCB concentrations were greater in WM vs SE (p≤0.01). Both negative and positive correlations were observed between specific chemical types and all three cell markers. Disparities in testicular pathology and morphology across geographical locations may reflect differences in the profile of chemicals detectable in testicular tissue.
Current Issues within the Perinatal Mental Health Care System in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Fujita Kei , Kotani Tomomi , Moriyama Yoshinori , Ushida Takafumi , Imai Kenji , Kobayashi-Nakano Tomoko , Kato Noriko , Kano Takeo , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental illness commonly occurs in reproductive age, and its adverse effects on mothers and children are a major public health concern. However, the extent to which the perinatal mental health care system in Japan is functioning adequately remains unexplored. This study aimed to identify the issues that exist within the perinatal mental health care system in Japan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted across medical facilities in Aichi prefecture in central Japan. Questionnaires were mailed to the head physicians of all 128 maternity care units, 21 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and 40 assisted reproductive technology (ART) units. The following data were collected: the number of admissions to mental health care units and admissions of neonates born to mothers with mental illness during the perinatal period between 2016 and 2018. Perspectives on psychotropic drug use during pregnancy were compared across different types of maternity care units, including maternal-fetal (MF) centers and private clinics by Fisher’s exact test. The multidisciplinary team system was also compared across different types of maternity care units by Fisher’s exact test. Results: The number of admissions to mental health care units was 82 (52.8 per 10 000 births), and 158 (1.0 per 1000 births) neonates born to mothers with mental illness were admitted to NICUs during the aforementioned period. With regard to the multidisciplinary team system, 84 (71.1 %) and 76 (64.4 %) maternity care units did not have any psychiatrists or social workers. Moreover, only 5 % of the head physicians in MF centers endorsed the discontinuation of psychotropic drug use during pregnancy. The corresponding figures were 20–35 % among those in general hospitals, private clinics, and ART units. Conclusions: Multidisciplinary system resources were perceived to be limited. Perspectives on psychotropic drug use during pregnancy differed significantly based on the type of units in which the doctors were working. There is a need for resources that will facilitate the admission of perinatal women with mental illnesses to mental health care units in Japan.
Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Obese Mice Prevent Body Weight Gain and Hyperglycemia
Authors: Qi Yicheng , Liu Wen , Wang Xiangsheng , Liu Wei , Ma Jing , Liu Wei , Zhang Wenjie , Li Shengxian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Disease status always affects mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) function which limits their therapeutical effects. This study aims to evaluate the effects of adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) on body weight and glucose homeostasis in obese mice model. After 10 weeks high-fat diet feeding, mice were injected with either phosphate buffered saline (PBS), ADSCs from normal control mice (N-ADSCs) or ADSCs from obese mice (O-ADSCs). Mice fed with chow-fat diet were injected with PBS served as normal controls. Obese mice received O-ADSCs showed slower body weight gain, better blood glucose levels and prevented glucose intolerance deterioration. The inguinal fat weights were reduced in mice receiving O-ADSCs compared to other obese groups, may as the increased lipolysis of inguinal fat. Moreover, O-ADSCs improved insulin signaling molecule expression in muscle. These data reveal that obesity derived autologous ADSCs infusion is an effective treatment for obesity and hyperglycemia.
Simultaneous Gene Expression and Multi-Gene Silencing in Zea Mays Using Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus
Authors: Xie Wenshuang , Marty DeeMarie , Xu Junhuan , Khatri Nitika , Willie Kristen , Moraes Wanderson Bucker , Stewart Lucy Rae 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, infects maize and is non-persistently transmitted by aphids. Several plant viruses have been developed as tools for gene expression and gene silencing in plants. The capacity of MDMV for both gene expression and gene silencing were examined.Results: Infectious clones of an Ohio isolate of MDMV, MDMV-OH5, were obtained, and engineered for gene expression only, and for simultaneous marker gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of three endogenous maize target genes. Single gene expression in single insertion constructs and simultaneous expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and silencing of three maize genes in a double insertion construct was demonstrated. Constructs with GFP inserted in the N-terminus of HCPro were more stable than those with insertion at the N-terminus of CP in our study. Unexpectedly, the construct with two insertion sites also retained insertions at a higher rate than single-insertion constructs. Engineered MDMV expression and VIGS constructs were transmissible by aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that MDMV-based vector can be used as a tool for simultaneous gene expression and multi-gene silencing in maize.
Optimum Seeking of Redundant Actuators for M-RCM 3-UPU Parallel Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Chen , Song Jingke , Chen Xuechan , Chen Ziming , Ding Huafeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on a 2R1T 3-UPU (U for universal joint and P for prismatic joint) parallel mechanism (PM) with two rotational and one translational (2R1T) degrees of freedom (DOFs) and the ability of multiple remote centers of motion (M-RCM). The singularity analysis based on the indexes of motion/force transmissibility and constraint shows that this PM has transmission singularity, constraint singularity, mixed singularity and limb singularity. To solve these singularproblems, the quantifiable redundancy transmission index (RTI) and the redundancy constraint index (RCI) are proposed for optimum seeking of redundant actuators for this PM. Then the appropriate redundant actuators are selected and the working scheme for redundant actuators near the corresponding singular configuration are given to help the PM go through the singularity.
Regional Registration of Whole Slide Image Stacks Containing Major Histological Artifacts
Authors: Paknezhad Mahsa , Loh Sheng Yang Michael , Choudhury Yukti , Koh Valerie Koh Cui , Yong Timothy Tay Kwang , Tan Hui Shan , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Tan Puay Hoon , Peng John Yuen Shyi , Yu Weimiao , Tan Yongcheng Benjamin , Loy Yong Zhen , Tan Min Han , Lee Hwee Kuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: High resolution 2D whole slide imaging provides rich information about the tissue structure. This information can be a lot richer if these 2D images can be stacked into a 3D tissue volume. A 3D analysis, however, requires accurate reconstruction of the tissue volume from the 2D image stack. This task is not trivial due to the distortions such as tissue tearing, folding and missing at each slide. Performing registration for the whole tissue slices may be adversely affected by distorted tissue regions. Consequently, regional registration is found to be more effective. In this paper, we propose a new approach to an accurate and robust registration of regions of interest for whole slide images. We introduce the idea of multi-scale attention for registration. Results: Using mean similarity index as the metric, the proposed algorithm (mean +- std: 0.84 +- 0.11) followed by a fine registration algorithm (0.86 +- 0.08) outperformed the state-of-the-art linear whole tissue registration algorithm (0.74 +- 0.19) and the regional version of this algorithm (0.81 +- 0.15). The proposed algorithm also outperforms the state-of-the-art nonlinear registration algorithm (original: 0.82 +- 0.12, regional: 0.77 +- 0.22) for whole slide images and a recently proposed patch-based registration algorithm (patch size 256: 0.79 +- 0.16 , patch size 512: 0.77 +- 0.16) for medical images. Conclusion: Using multi-scale attention mechanism leads to a more robust and accurate solution to the problem of regional registration of whole slide images corrupted in some parts by major histological artifacts in the imaged tissue.
Dignity of informal caregivers of migrant patients in the last phase of life. A qualitative study.
Authors: de Voogd Xanthe , Willems Dick , Torensma Marieke , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje , Suurmond Jeanine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A key aim of palliative care is to improve the quality of life of patients and their families. To help ensure quality of life for the families of patients with migrant backgrounds, this study sought insights into the dignity of informal caregivers in migrant communities. This could improve understanding of family-centered care for migrant patients.Methods: Twenty semi-structured interviews with informal caregivers of Turkish, Moroccan, or Surinamese background living in the Netherlands were analyzed thematically.Results: The dignity of the patient and that of their informal caregivers were found to be strongly interrelated. Most important for the dignity of caregivers was ensuring good care for their patients and preserving the patients’ dignity. Ensuring good care involved advocating for good and dignified care and for satisfaction of a patient’s wishes. For many informal caregivers, it also included delivering care to the patient by themselves or together with other family members, despite having to give up part of their own lives. Providing care themselves was part of maintaining a good relationship with the patient; the care was to cater to the patient’s preferences and help preserve the patient’s dignity, and it could be accompanied by valuable aspects such as times for good conversations. Positive interaction between an informal caregiver and a patient positively influenced the informal caregiver’s dignity. Informal caregiver and patient dignity were often compromised simultaneously; when informal caregivers felt healthcare professionals were undermining a patient’s dignity, their own dignity suffered. According to informal caregivers, healthcare professionals can help them preserve dignity by taking seriously their advice about the patient, keeping them informed about the prognosis of the disease and of the patient, and dealing respectfully with differences in values at the end of life. Conclusion: The dignity of migrant patients’ informal caregivers in the last phase of a patient’s life is closely entwined with ensuring good care and dignity for the patient. Healthcare professionals can strengthen the dignity of informal caregivers by supporting their caregiving role.