bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital channel for interaction with citizens in public sector entities
Authors: Castilla Rodrigo , Pacheco Alex , Robles Ivan , Reyes Andy , Inquilla Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The use of information and communication technologies has become essential in organizations, as it is considered a key factor for modernization; however, many public or private institutions do not start with the process of digitizing their services. The purpose of this paper is to seek to manage the digital identity through a mobile application on Android that is intuitive and simple to access information in a public entity in the Province of Cañete.

Design/methodology/approach
In this regard, for the development of the mobile application, it was divided into three phases: analysis and design, where the functional and nonfunctional requirements are collected, the interface and the client–server architecture are designed; development, where the predesigned interfaces are encoded with their respective documentation; finally, software testing, to detect possible errors, unexpected crushes and behavior of the functionalities at user level.

Findings
Thus, it was possible to implement a directory of mobile services for citizens to facilitate access to data, content and public information such as files and location of municipal premises.

Originality/value
The application provides a new means of digital communication to provide access to institutional information and monitoring of procedures as digital banking, education and medicine.
Trematode parasites exceed aquatic insect biomass in Oregon stream food webs
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Layden Tamara J. , Segui Leah M. , Falke Landon P. , Brant Sara V. , Novak Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Although parasites are increasingly recognized for their ecosystem roles, it is often assumed that free‐living organisms dominate animal biomass in most ecosystems and therefore provide the primary pathways for energy transfer.

To examine the contributions of parasites to ecosystem energetics in freshwater streams, we quantified the standing biomass of trematodes and free‐living organisms at nine sites in three streams in western Oregon, USA. We then compared the rates of biomass flow from snails Juga plicifera into trematode parasites relative to aquatic vertebrate predators (sculpin, cutthroat trout and Pacific giant salamanders).

The trematode parasite community had the fifth highest dry biomass density among stream organisms (0.40 g/m2) and exceeded the combined biomass of aquatic insects. Only host snails (3.88 g/m2), sculpin (1.11 g/m2), trout (0.73 g/m2) and crayfish (0.43 g/m2) had a greater biomass. The parasite ‘extended phenotype’, consisting of trematode plus castrated host biomass, exceeded the individual biomass of every taxonomic group other than snails. The substantial parasite biomass stemmed from the high snail density and infection prevalence, and the large proportional mass of infected hosts that consisted of trematode tissue (M = 31% per snail).

Estimates of yearly biomass transfer from snails into trematodes were slightly higher than the combined estimate of snail biomass transfer into the three vertebrate predators. Pacific giant salamanders accounted for 90% of the snail biomass consumed by predators.

These results demonstrate that trematode parasites play underappreciated roles in the ecosystem energetics of some freshwater streams.
Identifying the corrupt cog in the wheel: Dimensions of supply chain logistics and cross‐country corruption
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Mazhar Ummad , Saunoris James W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReliable supply chains are crucial to the competitiveness, survival and profitability of businesses. While various aspects of supply chain logistics have been studied, their impacts on corrupt activity have not been fully understood. This paper examines the impact of the different stages of supply chain logistics on corruption. Besides adding insights into channels of potential corruption or rent‐seeking, the research identifies potential stages of bureaucratic holdups related to the supply chain and can prove useful in the formulation of a more effective corruption‐control policy. We use data for about 150 nations over the period 2000–2018 and the econometric methodology controls for potential reverse feedback from corruption to logistics. Our results show that an improvement in overall logistics performance reduces cross‐country corruption, with individual dimensions of logistics having a differential corruption‐reducing impact. The main policy implication is that governmental efforts to reduce supply chain bottlenecks will have positive spillovers in terms of reduced corruption.
“The media love the artificial versions of what’s going on”: Media (mis)representations of Down’s syndrome
Authors: Thomas Gareth M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile disability has historically been depicted in problematic ways in television, film, and print media, more balanced and progressive cultural representations are arguably emerging. However, few studies address how disabled people and their families (e.g., parents) encounter, and make sense of, media configurations ostensibly designed to promote a more positive and visible image of living with disability. Drawing upon interviews with parents of children with Down's syndrome in the United Kingdom, I sketch out how they feel about depictions that, arguably, depart from hurtful historical narratives of disability as tragic and pitiable. Parents praise, and mostly embrace, recent portrayals of people with Down's syndrome in media outputs. At the same time, they raise concerns around tokenism, stereotyping, focusing upon “exceptional” people, and fueling sanitized accounts which deny, or at least obscure, the harsh lived realities for many parents of disabled children. I conclude by arguing that while parents largely applaud and welcome positive public narratives, they also fear that such representations threaten to gloss over the pervasive mistreatment, disregard, and disenfranchisement of disabled people and their families.
A best‐worst scaling experiment to identify patient‐centered claims‐based outcomes for evaluation of pediatric antipsychotic monitoring programs
Authors: Mackie Thomas I. , Kovacs Katherine M. , Simmel Cassandra , Crystal Stephen , Neese‐Todd Sheree , Akincigil Ayse 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis article employs a best‐worst scaling (BWS) experiment to identify the claims‐based outcomes that matter most to patients and other relevant parties when evaluating pediatric antipsychotic monitoring programs in the United States.Data SourcesPatients and relevant parties, with pediatric antipsychotic oversight and treatment experience, completed a BWS experiment, including policymakers (n = 31), foster care alumni (n = 28), caseworkers (n = 23), prescribing clinicians (n = 32), and caregivers (n = 18).Study DesignRespondents received surveys with a scenario on antipsychotic monitoring programs and ranked 11 candidate claims‐based outcomes as most and least important for program evaluation.Data AnalysisStratified by respondent group, best‐worst scores were calculated to identify the relative importance of the claims‐based outcomes. A conditional logit examined whether candidate outcomes for safety, quality, and unintended consequences were preferred over reduction in antipsychotic treatment, the outcome used most often to evaluate antipsychotic monitoring programs.Principal FindingsSafety indicators (eg, antipsychotic co‐pharmacy, cross‐class polypharmacy, higher than recommended doses) ranked among the top three candidate outcomes across respondent groups and were an important complement to antipsychotic treatment reduction. Foster care alumni prioritized “antipsychotic treatment reduction” and “increased psychosocial treatment.” Caseworkers, prescribers, and caregivers prioritized “increased follow‐up after treatment initiation.” Potential unintended consequences of an antipsychotic monitoring program ranked lowest, including increased use of other psychotropic medication classes (as a substitute), increased psychiatric hospital stays, and increased emergency room utilization. Results of the conditional logit model found only caregivers significantly preferred other indicators over antipsychotic treatment reduction, preferring improvements in follow‐up care (5.78) and psychosocial treatment (4.53) and reduction in prescriptions of higher than recommended doses (3.64).ConclusionsThe BWS experiment supported rank ordering of candidate claims‐based outcomes demonstrating the opportunity for future studies to align outcomes used in antipsychotic monitoring program evaluations with community preferences, specifically by diversifying metrics to include safety and quality indicators.
Color determination method and evaluation of methods for the detection of cannabinoids by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC)
Authors: Mano‐Sousa Brayan Jonas , Maia Grazielle Aparecida Silva , Lima Paula Lamounier , Campos Vinícius Alves , Negri Giuseppina , Chequer Farah Maria Drumond , Duarte‐Almeida Joaquim Maurício 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCannabis sativa is the drug of abuse most cultivated, trafficked, and consumed worldwide. One of several techniques used to detect cannabinoids is based on the thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). However, the designation of the colors observed can be inaccurate and not reproducible. The designation of colors goes beyond physical and physiological aspects, because what is conventionally called color is a socio‐cultural construction. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the different TLC methods to detection of cannabinoids, and apply standardization method in naming of colors. TLC analysis performed using silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase. Three mobile phase compositions [hexane:chloroform (8:2 v:v), hexane:ethyl ether (8:2 v:v), and chloroform:hexane (8:2 v:v)], as well as, two different solutions of Fast Blue B salt (FBBS, Azoic Diazo No. 48) and Fast Blue RR (FBRR, Azoic Diazo No. 24) were evaluated. Determination of colors names was realized through the Sci‐Chromus® software. The best resolution was obtained using hexane:ethyl ether (8:2 v:v) as a mobile phase. It was observed that although the cannabidiol (CBD), delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabigerol (CBG) were detect using both the FBBS‐ and FBRR‐acidified solutions, the best visualization was achieved using the latter reagent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that applied and demonstrated a method for standardization and denomination of colors in the TLC analysis of cannabinoids. This method was able to reduce the subjectivity in naming the colors observed and presented several application possibilities.
Clinical practice guideline on gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Authors: Sverrisson Kristinn Ö. , Chew Michelle S. , Olkkola Klaus T. , Rehn Marius , Yli‐Hankala Arvi , Møller Morten Hylander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Clinical practice Committee endorses the BMJ Rapid Recommendation Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis for critically ill patients—a clinical practice guideline. The guideline serves as a useful decision aid for clinicians caring for critically ill patients, and can be used together with clinical experience to decide whether a specific critically ill patient may benefit from gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis.
Risk factors for emergence agitation in adults after general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Bing , Feng Yan , Chen Wenjuan , Ren Dapeng , Xiao Daishun , Chen Bing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmergence agitation (EA) is an adverse post‐operative complication that increases the risk for injury, self‐extubation, hemorrhages, and prolonged hospitalization. This meta‐analysis aims to define the risk factors for adult EA after general anesthesia and provide recommendations for clinical practice.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library databases were comprehensive retrieved. Observational studies that reported the risk factors for adult EA were enrolled. Review Manager 5.4 was used to analyze the extracted data.ResultsEighteen observational studies involving 16, 678 adult patients were enrolled in this study. Eighteen pre‐operative and nineteen intraoperative factors with unadjusted data, and five pre‐operative and five intraoperative factors with adjusted data were meta‐analyzed separately. Among them, seven factors (age, male, smoking, history of substance misuse, inhalational anesthesia, urinary catheter, complain of pain, or need analgesic drug use in post‐anesthetic care unit) were the risk factors no matter meta‐analyzed by unadjusted data or adjusted data. Intraoperative use of benzodiazepines was the risk factor when meta‐analyzed by adjusted data, but not unadjusted data. Moreover, age and inhalational anesthesia were not the risk factors when omitted one study for sensitivity analysis, and history of substance misuse could not do sensitivity analysis.ConclusionBased on this meta‐analysis, male, smoking, urinary catheter, and post‐operative pain are the risk factors, while age, inhalational anesthesia, history of substance misuse, and intraoperative use of benzodiazepines are the possible risk factors for adult EA.Editorial CommentThis systematic review and meta‐analysis identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of agitation during emergence from general anesthesia. As might be expected, the strongest factors are generally things which are irritating or painful for patients, but cannot necessarily be avoided.
Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in biopsy‐proven type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis: comparative analysis with biopsy‐proven type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Pattabathula Krishna , Waters Peadar S. , Hwang Jason , Bettington Mark , Singh Mahendra , Bryant Richard D. , Cavallucci David J. , O'Rourke Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune processes are now an increasingly recognized cause of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare, benign pathology with two distinct clinicopathologic subtypes. The aim of this study was to compare the presentation, diagnostic considerations and outcomes of patients with biopsy‐proven type 1 and 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).MethodsA retrospective review of the Queensland Health pathology database of histologically proven AIP was conducted. Parameters compared included demographics, diagnostic criterion and post‐treatment outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐three patients had a confirmed histological diagnosis of AIP (type 1 = 13, type 2 = 10). Patients with type 2 AIP were younger (median age 49 versus 59 years, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in gender distribution of disease at presentation. Type 2 AIP presented with significant increased focal pancreatic changes on cross‐sectional imaging (80% versus 54%, P < 0.05). Serum IgG4 levels were raised (>1.40 g/L) in 69% of patients with type 1 AIP and not detected in type 2 (P < 0.01). Concurrent underlying inflammatory bowel disease was present in a higher proportion of type 2 AIP (40% versus 15%, P < 0.05). A significantly increased proportion of patients with type 2 AIP underwent surgical resection (70% versus 30%, P < 0.05). Conservative management was utilized in more patients with type 1 disease (54% versus 30%). On follow‐up, two patients have experienced symptomatic relapse at 6–18 months.ConclusionsDiagnostic challenges do exist and clinicians must suspect 2 type AIP in young, serum IgG4‐negative inflammatory bowel disease patients with recurrent pancreatitis.
Pilonidal sinus: is histological examination necessary?
Authors: 'Otutaha Bacil , Park Brittany , Xia Weisi , Hill Andrew G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal sinus is a common pathology occurring in a number of sites including the gluteal cleft between the buttocks. Surgery is the principal mode of treatment with a variety of techniques proposed to cure the disease and prevent recurrence. The rate of malignant degeneration is estimated at 0.1% in patients with chronic pilonidal disease. A case series study of pilonidal sinus found that most patients with malignancy were over the age of 50 years and had had chronic pilonidal disease for several years. This study aimed to review the value of histological analysis of pilonidal sinus specimens.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted of all patients who have undergone pilonidal sinus excision by the Department of General Surgery at Counties Manukau District Health Board in the past 10 years.ResultsThis study reviewed 1324 admissions with a pilonidal disease requiring surgical management. There were 325 pilonidal resections with 320 histological specimens analysed. Pilonidal sinus was detected in 312 specimens, eight others were benign and there were no specimens with malignancy.ConclusionNo cases of malignancy were found in all pilonidal specimens that were sent for histological review. Routine histological examination of pilonidal sinus specimens appears to be unnecessary; however, it should be considered in patients over the age of 50 years.
Mortality of patients with COVID‐19 who undergo an elective or emergency surgical procedure: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Brown Wendy A. , Moore Eileen M. , Watters David A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere have been several reports that co‐infection with the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 at the time of surgery increases mortality. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect size of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on post‐operative mortality by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature was performed. A search was undertaken using electronic bibliographic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library to identify eligible studies published from 1 November 2019 until 21 August 2020. Eligible papers for meta‐analysis were those that provided mortality rates following elective and emergency surgery in both COVID‐19 positive and negative patients. Forest plots and estimates of odds of death related to having COVID‐19 were formed using MedCalc version 9.6 software. Funnel plots to assess for publication bias and heterogeneity were formed in Meta‐Essentials.ResultsThere were 140 records screened for inclusion. Full texts of 39 articles were reviewed, and 36 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. There were eight studies eligible for meta‐analysis. There was a total of 193 operations performed on patients with a concurrent COVID‐19 infection and 910 performed on patients who were COVID‐19 negative. The odds ratio for mortality in patients who underwent a surgical procedure while COVID‐19 positive was 7.9 (95% confidence interval: 3.2–19.4).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis confirms that concurrent COVID‐19 infection increases the risk of surgical mortality. The magnitude of this risk mandates that strategies are developed to mitigate the risk at both an individual and system level.
Splenic abscess in a tertiary care centre in India: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors
Authors: Singh Anupam K. , Karmani Saurabh , Samanta Jayanta , Gupta Pankaj , Gupta Vikas , Yadav Thakur D. , Kumari Savita , Dutta Usha , Sinha Saroj K. , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSplenic abscess has been an uncommon entity which is now being encountered more frequently due to increased prevalence of immunodeficiency disorders and chronic illnesses. This study was aimed to audit our experience with splenic abscesses at a tertiary care centre in India highlighting usefulness of an algorithmic approach.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data of patients (January 2014 to December 2019) with splenic abscess was done. Data were retrieved for clinical characteristics, radiological findings, organism spectra, abscess characteristics, therapeutic measures and clinical outcome.ResultsThe mean age of the study population (n = 36) was 41.3 ± 19.0 years with 50% males. Comorbidities were identified in 17 (47.2%) patients, with diabetes mellitus being the commonest. Fever and abdominal pain were the most common presenting features. Multiple splenic abscesses were present in 21 (58.3%) patients. Extra‐splenic abscesses in liver were seen in five (13.9%) patients while nine (25%) patients had ruptured splenic abscess. Microorganisms were identified in 24 (66.7%) patients, with Salmonella typhi being the commonest (n = 9, 25%) followed by Escherichia coli (n = 7, 19.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4, 11.1%). Six patients received only antimicrobials, 24 were managed with percutaneous aspiration or catheter drainage and six required surgery. Five (13.9%) patients died, with highest mortality being seen in those who received only antimicrobial (50%), compared to percutaneous aspiration or catheter drainage (8.3%) and surgery (0%), P = 0.017.ConclusionUsing percutaneous aspiration or drainage in conjunction with antibiotics, followed by surgery in non‐responder, patients with splenic abscesses can be managed successfully with acceptable mortality.
Does age affect oesophagectomy survival: a cohort study
Authors: Park Jin‐soo , Van der Wall Hans , Kennedy Catherine W. , Falk Gregory L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurative oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer is associated with considerable potential mortality. Surgeons are increasingly treating older patients presenting with oesophageal cancer as the population ages. The question remains as to the survival in an older population group, many of whom are not fit for combined multimodal therapy. This study aimed to assess the effect of age on overall survival and disease‐free survival in patients undergoing curative oesophagectomy for cancer.MethodsPatient data were analysed from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic, surgical and survival outcomes were compared between groups according to age less than 75 years or 75 and older.ResultsOesophagectomy was performed in 351 patients between 1990 and 2019 (283 patients <75 years, 68 patients ≥75 years). There was a higher rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the younger group (37.7% versus 7.4%; P < 0.001). The 30‐day mortality between younger and older groups was similar (2.5% and 2.9%; P = 0.827). There was no statistical difference in 5‐year survival rates (50.3% versus 38.6%; P = 0.082) or median survival (22.6 versus 19.3 months; P = 0.053) between groups. There was no statistical difference in 5‐year disease‐free survival (45.1% and 35.7%; P = 0.180).ConclusionOverall survival, disease‐free survival and 30‐day mortality rates in patients aged 75 years and older were not statistically different to their younger counterparts. On the basis of these results, older patients should not be precluded from consideration of potentially curative oesophagectomy on age alone, providing surgery may be performed at reasonable risk.