bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operating room nurses' experiences of skin preparation in connection with orthopaedic surgery: A focus group study
Authors: Markström Ida , Bjerså Kristofer , Bachrach‐Lindström Margareta , Falk‐Brynhildsen Karin , Hollman Frisman Gunilla 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative skin preparation is performed differently by different operating room nurses.AimTo deepen the understanding of skin preparation within an orthopaedic surgical setting from the operating room nurse perspective and to explore their experiences.MethodsA qualitative exploratory design was used. Four focus group interviews were conducted during 2016–2017, at four hospitals in Sweden, using procedures developed by Krueger and Casey. A total of 19 operating room nurses were recruited through purposive sampling.ResultsStatements were categorized into four categories of experiences: (1) Knowing, which related to learning and sources of knowledge; (2) Doing, which related to skin preparation and activities based on tradition and evidence; (3) The Team, which related to the assignment of responsibility and collaboration with patients and other professions; and (4) The Setting, which related to factors around the patient and included feelings of time pressure and access to supplies.ConclusionsTheory and practice differ, and some skin preparation used are based on tradition rather than on evidence or recommendations. Elements both within the team in the operating room and within the organization influence the result. Operating room nurses' duty to perform safe skin preparation must be respected in the team.
Novel prediction scoring system for simple assessment of stone‐free status after flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy: T.O.HO. score
Authors: Hori Shunsuke , Otsuki Hideo , Fujio Kei , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nagao Koichi , Nakajima Koichi , Mitsui Yozo 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo develop a novel simple quantitative scoring model for predicting stone‐free status after a flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy procedure by standardizing the complexity of ureteral stone characteristics.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 586 patients with renal or ureteral stones who underwent flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy at Abiko Toho Hospital, Chiba, Japan, from 2015 to 2018. Multivariate regression was applied to examine the relationship between preoperative descriptors and stone‐free status, and a nomogram was developed using significant predictors. Next, the individual components of the nomogram were assigned points to form a simple scoring system. The predictive performance of this new scoring system was compared with the STONE score at optimal cut‐off values using receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve analyses.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression findings showed that factors associated with stone‐free status were length, Hounsfield unit and stone location. A nomogram prediction model was developed with an area under the curve value of 0.845, then consequently used to develop a new simple score system termed the T.O.HO. score consisting of three stone characteristics: (T)allness (1–5 points), (O)ccupied lesion (1–3 points) and (HO)unsfield units evaluation (1–3 points). The T.O.HO. score was significantly higher in stone remaining (7.66) than stone‐free (5.27; P < 0.001) cases. The area under the curve for the T.O.HO. score was 0.833 at an optimal cut‐off value of 7, whereas that for the STONE score was 0.683 at an optimal cut‐off value of 9, showing the superiority of this new scoring system.ConclusionThe T.O.HO. score is a useful tool for predicting stone‐free status in patients who have undergone a flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy procedure.
Value of extra‐target prostate biopsy for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging‐missed adverse pathology according to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores: Spatial analysis using magnetic resonance–ultrasound fusion images
Authors: Matsuoka Yoh , Uehara Sho , Yoshida Soichiro , Tanaka Hiroshi , Tanaka Hajime , Kijima Toshiki , Yokoyama Minato , Ishioka Junichiro , Saito Kazutaka , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo clarify who benefits from extra‐target sampling of systematic prostate biopsy to detect magnetic resonance imaging‐missed significant cancer and upgrading, when concurrently carried out with magnetic resonance imaging–ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy.MethodsTargeted biopsy and systematic biopsy were carried out in 301 men with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores ≥3. All score ≥3 regions were designated as targets. According to patients’ highest Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores, spatial relations between targets and biopsy‐proven cancer were investigated to identify magnetic resonance imaging‐missed pathology.ResultsOverall, targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy detected significant cancer in 56.5% and 46.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Significant cancer was detected only by systematic biopsy in 7.0%, and only outside targets in 5.0%. Upgrading by systematic biopsy was observed in 16.3%, and occurred outside targets in 11.0%. On multivariate analysis, the highest Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 was predictive for significant cancer only outside targets (odds ratio 5.81, P = 0.002) and for upgrading derived from outside targets (odds ratio 2.64, P = 0.012). According to the scores of 3, 4 and 5, significant cancer was identified only outside targets in 1.0%, 11.2% and 2.9%, respectively (P = 0.003 for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 vs 4; P = 0.019 for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 4 vs 5), and upgrading occurred in 6.1%, 18.4% and 8.6%, respectively (P = 0.009 and 0.040).ConclusionsMen with the highest Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score 4 receive the largest benefit from extra‐target biopsy for magnetic resonance imaging‐missed significant cancer detection and upgrading. In men with a score of 3, less adverse pathology is missed without extra‐target biopsy. These findings suggest prostate biopsy strategy could be tailored according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System scores.
Neobavaisoflavone inhibits osteoclastogenesis through blocking RANKL signalling‐mediated TRAF6 and c‐Src recruitment and NF‐κB, MAPK and Akt pathways
Authors: Chen Huiwen , Fang Chao , Zhi Xin , Song Shaojun , Gu Yanqiu , Chen Xiaofei , Cui Jin , Hu Yan , Weng Weizong , Zhou Qirong , Wang Yajun , Wang Yao , Jiang Hao , Li Xiaoqun , Cao Liehu , Chen Xiao , Su Jiacan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPsoralea corylifolia (P corylifolia) has been popularly applied in traditional Chinese medicine decoction for treating osteoporosis and promoting fracture healing since centuries ago. However, the bioactive natural components remain unknown. In this study, applying comprehensive two‐dimensional cell membrane chromatographic/C18 column/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2D CMC/C18 column/TOFMS) system, neobavaisoflavone (NBIF), for the first time, was identified for the bioaffinity with RAW 264.7 cells membranes from the extracts of P corylifolia. Here, we revealed that NBIF inhibited RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow monocytes (BMMCs) and RAW264.7 cells dose dependently at the early stage. Moreover, NBIF inhibited osteoclasts function demonstrated by actin ring formation assay and pit‐formation assay. With regard to the underlying molecular mechanism, co‐immunoprecipitation showed that both the interactions of RANK with TRAF6 and with c‐Src were disrupted. In addition, NBIF inhibited the phosphorylation of P50, P65, IκB in NF‐κB pathway, ERK, JNK, P38 in MAPKs pathway, AKT in Akt pathway, accompanied with a blockade of calcium oscillation and inactivation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). In vivo, NBIF inhibited osteoclastogenesis, promoted osteogenesis and ameliorated bone loss in ovariectomized mice. In summary, P corylifolia‐derived NBIF inhibited RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the recruitment of TRAF6 and c‐Src to RANK, inactivating NF‐κB, MAPKs, and Akt signalling pathways and inhibiting calcium oscillation and NFATc1 translocation. NBIF might serve as a promising candidate for the treatment of osteoclast‐associated osteopenic diseases.
Monocyte subsets in bone marrow grafts may contribute to a low incidence of acute graft‐vs‐host disease for young donors
Authors: Wen Qi , Zhao Hong‐Yan , Yao Wei‐Li , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Fu Hai‐Xia , Wang Yu , Xu Lan‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Kong Yuan , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractYoung donors are associated with a lower cumulative incidence of acute graft‐vs‐host disease (aGVHD) after allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) than old donors. Although grafts are harvested from healthy donors, it is unclear whether donor age is associated with aGVHD occurrence owing to its effect on cell compositions in grafts. Moreover, the differences in monocyte subsets in grafts between young and old donors and the association between monocyte subsets in bone marrow (BM) grafts and aGVHD remain to be elucidated. In the current study, non‐classical monocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio were remarkably decreased in BM grafts in donors <30 years old. Multivariate analysis further revealed that the level of non‐classical monocytes in BM grafts (≥0.31 × 106/kg) was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of II‐IV aGVHD. In summary, our data indicate that non‐classical monocytes in BM grafts may help identify patients at high risk for aGVHD after allo‐HSCT. Although further validation is required, our results suggest that the low level of non‐classical monocytes and a low ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cell in BM grafts may be correlated with the lower incidence of aGVHD in young donors.
Relationships between time in range, glycemic variability including hypoglycemia and types of diabetes therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Hyogo Diabetes Hypoglycemia Cognition Complications study
Authors: Kuroda Norihiro , Kusunoki Yoshiki , Osugi Keiko , Ohigashi Mana , Azuma Daisuke , Ikeda Hiroki , Makino Shinya , Otsuka Akihito , Tamada Daisuke , Watanabe Nobuaki , Washio Kahori , Tsunoda Taku , Matsuo Toshihiro , Konishi Kosuke , Katsuno Tomoyuki , Koyama Hidenori ,   Hyogo Diabetes Hypoglycemia Cognition Complications (HDHCC) study group
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, such as times in range (TIR) and time below range, have been shown to be useful as clinical targets that complement glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated the relationships between TIR, glycemic variability and patient characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsWe carried out continuous glucose monitoring in 281 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in a multicenter cohort (Hyogo Diabetes Hypoglycemia Cognition Complications) study.ResultsThe results are shown as the median (interquartile range). The age, disease duration and HbA1c were 68 years (62–71 years), 13 years (7–23 years) and 6.9% (6.5–7.5%), respectively. TIR and standard deviation obtained by continuous glucose monitoring worsened significantly with increasing disease duration. Multiple regression analyses showed that disease duration (standard partial regression coefficient, β = −0.160, P = 0.003), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (β = −0.106, P = 0.033) and urinary albumin excretion (β = −0.100, P = 0.043) were useful explanatory factors for TIR. In contrast, HbA1c (β = −0.398, P < 0.001) and the use of antidiabetic drugs potentially associated with severe hypoglycemia (β = 0.180, P = 0.028), such as sulfonylureas, glinides and insulin, were useful explanatory factors for time below range in the elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that disease duration and diabetic complications are associated with TIR deterioration. In addition, low HbA1c levels and the use of antidiabetic drugs potentially associated with severe hypoglycemia might worsen the time below range in the elderly.
COVID‐19 and cutaneous manifestations: a systematic review
Authors: Zhao Qing , Fang Xiaokai , Pang Zheng , Zhang Bowen , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 patients have been increasingly reported, but not summarized, and the potential mechanisms remain to be investigated. Herein, we performed a comprehensive review of literatures (from inception to 30 May 2020) using PubMed, CNKI, medRxiv and bioRxiv with the terms “((novel coronavirus) OR (2019 novel coronavirus) OR (2019‐nCoV) OR (Coronavirus disease 2019) OR (COVID‐19) OR (SARS‐CoV‐2)) AND ((Dermatology) OR (skin) OR (rash) OR (cutaneous))” and “((ACE2) OR (Angiotensin‐converting enzyme)) AND ((skin) OR (epidermis) OR (dermis)).” Totally, 44 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 507 patients with cutaneous manifestations were summarized, and 96.25% patients were from Europe. The average age of the patients was 49.03 (range: 5–91) with a female ratio of 60.44%. The skin lesions were polymorphic, and erythema, chilblain‐like and urticarial lesions were most common, occurring on an average of 9.92 days (range: 1–30) after the onset of systemic symptoms. The receptor of SARS‐CoV‐2, ACE2, was found to be expressed on skin, mainly on keratinocytes. Our review systematically presented the clinical characteristics of 507 patients and showed that skin might be the potential target of the infection according to ACE2 expression. More work should be done to better understand the underlying pathogenesis.
Pericytes improve locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury in male and female neonatal rats
Authors: Mayo Jamie N. , Kauer Sierra D. , Brumley Michele R. , Bearden Shawn E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveIt is not known how activation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) pathway in pericytes, cells of the microvascular wall, influences new capillary growth. We tested the hypothesis that HIF‐activated pericytes promote angiogenesis in a neonatal model of spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsHuman placental pericytes stimulated with cobalt chloride and naïve pericytes were injected into the site of a thoracic hemi‐section of the spinal cord in rat pups on postnatal day three (P3). Hindlimb motor recovery and Doppler blood flow perfusion at the site of transection were measured on P10. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize vessel and neurofilament density for quantification.ResultsInjection of HIF‐activated pericytes resulted in greater vascular density in males but did not result in improved motor function for males or females. Injection of non–HIF‐activated pericytes resulted improved motor function recovery in both sexes (males, 2.722 ± 0.31‐fold score improvement; females, 3.824 ± 0.58‐fold score improvement, P < .05) but produced no significant changes in vessel density.ConclusionsHIF‐activated pericytes promote vascular density in males post‐SCI. Acute delivery of non–HIF‐activated pericytes at the site of injury can improve motor recovery post‐SCI.
The webs of belief around ‘evidence’ in legislatures: The case of select committees in the UK House of Commons
Authors: Geddes Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA wide‐ranging literature has explored the relationship between research, knowledge and policy. However, legislatures have often been overlooked in this research. While some studies have looked at ‘who has access’, the literature on how parliaments seek to engage with knowledge claims is particularly scarce. This article addresses this gap through a case study of UK select committees. By adopting an interpretive lens, the article explores how MPs and officials make sense of evidence in committee settings. It finds that legalistic definitions around ‘evidence’ shape wider beliefs in how to engage with knowledge claims and the practices of undertaking inquiries, and are underpinned by a distinctly political function of knowledge use in politics. Beliefs around evidence have significant repercussions and highlight tensions (i) around the authority of committee reports, (ii) between epistemic and democratic claims and (iii) with respect to who is included and who is excluded.
Clinical and genetic evaluation of six children with diffuse capillary malformation and undergrowth
Authors: Cubiró Xavier , Rozas‐Muñoz Eduardo , Castel Pau , Roé Crespo Esther , Garcia‐Melendo Cristina , Puig Lluis , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth (DCMO) has been well described. However, capillary malformation with undergrowth (CMU) has been less reported in the literature.ObjectivesWe sought to describe the clinical features and determine associated somatic mutations in patients with CMU.MethodsWe searched our multidisciplinary vascular anomalies clinic database for patients with CMU. Girth and length limb measurements were performed. In case of discrepancies in length, long leg radiograph studies were obtained. Whole‐exome sequencing of blood and involved tissue DNA was carried out.ResultsWe included six patients with CM and soft‐tissue and bone undergrowth. CMs were patchy, reticulated, segmental, poorly demarcated, pink‐red stains affecting the lower limb (five patients) or the whole hemibody (one patient). In five patients, the stain was diffuse, affecting more than one anatomic region. Prominent superficial veins were observed in three patients. Five patients presented with lower limb girth discrepancy; in three of them, there was also lower limb length discrepancy. In the remaining patient, only lower limb length discrepancy was found. Whole‐exome sequencing from DNA tissue/blood detected previously described pathogenic somatic mutations on DDR2 (c.314G > A; p.Arg105His), GRHL2 (c.791A > G; p.Glu264Gly), and PIK3CA (c.2740G > A; p.Gly914Arg) genes.ConclusionWe propose the term "diffuse capillary malformation with undergrowth" for extensive reticular CMs associated with proportionate undergrowth. All our patients had a favorable outcome, and no genotype‐phenotype association was found.
Germination responses to winter warm spells and warming vary widely among woody plants in a temperate forest
Authors: Flanigan N. P. , Bandara R. , Wang F. , Jastrzębowski S. , Hidayati S. N. , Walck J. L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Winter underpins key ecological processes, such as dormancy loss and seedling emergence. Enhanced warm spells, together with warming are occurring and will continue in the future. The consequences of these climate phenomena on germination were investigated among co‐occurring woody plants, whose seeds are bird‐dispersed in autumn and require cold stratification for spring emergence.

Seeds from nine common southeastern USA plants were collected in autumn. We verified that seeds of the study species required cold stratification for dormancy loss. We then examined the following aspects in the laboratory or field: effect of warm spells during cold stratification on germination, effect of a warm spell during winter on seed survival and germination phenology, and effect of warming from autumn dispersal through winter dormancy loss on timing of germination.

While no consistent effects of warm spells were found in the laboratory on quantity of germination, warm spells advanced spring field germination for several species. Some species germinated during cold stratification and during warm spells, especially extreme spells, in the laboratory. In the field, about half of Lonicera maackii seedlings that emerged with a warm spell died by late winter. With warming from autumn through spring, laboratory germination shifted from spring to predominately autumn for some species.

With precocious germination during warm spells or germination phenology shifts, two scenarios are possible. Seedlings may die during winter, reducing the size of the soil seed bank and number of emergents, or they would survive in warmer winters, which would give them a competitive advantage over spring‐emerging seedlings.
Effect of dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the expression of genes involved in progesterone biosynthesis in the corpus luteum of goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Chaudhari Ravjibhai Karshanbhai , Mahla Ajit Singh , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Pawde Abhijit M. , Badasara Surendra Kumar , Kumar Harendra , Patra Manas Kumar , Krishnaswamy Narayanan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence indicates that dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) alter the fatty acid composition of corpus luteum (CL) and directly affect the luteal function in the cow, which is independent of the inhibitory effect on the endometrial PGF2α production. The present study, thus, investigated the effects of n‐3 PUFA rich fish oil (FO) supplementation on the transcriptional modulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of progesterone (P4) in the CL collected during the luteolytic phase of oestrous cycle in the goat. On the day of synchronized oestrus, goats (n = 6/group) were fed an isocaloric diet supplemented with either FO or palm oil (PO). The dose of oil supplementation was 0.6 mlkg‐1 body weight, and the duration was 55–57 days. The FO provided 156 mgkg‐1 body weight of n‐3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The CL was collected by laparotomy on day 16 post‐oestrus, and the relative abundance of P450 side‐chain cleaving enzyme, steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β‐hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) genes was quantitated by real‐time PCR. The results indicated that the dietary FO significantly upregulated the expression of 3β‐HSD by 1.13‐fold and downregulated StAR by ~2‐fold as compared to PO group (p < .05). It is concluded that dietary FO differently affected the expression of genes involved in P4 synthesis in the CL during the luteolytic window of the oestrous cycle in the goat.