bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clogging Potential of Earth-Pressure Balance Shield Driven Tunnels
Authors: Rashiddel Alireza , Ramsheh Fatemeh Amiri , Ramesh Asma , Dias Daniel , Hajihassani Mohsen 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Nowadays, the construction of urban tunnels for rapid transportation in metropolises is necessary. Since these tunnels are excavated at low depths, they are often associated with different problems and hazards. Some of them can reduce the efficiency of the tunnel boring machines and sometimes will stop the project. Among these problems the clogging can cause problems at the cutter head, in the chamber, and in other sections where the material transference occurs.

Objective:
The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate and determine the risk of clogging in the tunneling boring machine in Line 6 of the Tehran Metro. It includes stations: Amirkabir, Shohada Square, Emam Hossein Square and Sayyadeh Shirazi. This phenomenon induces an adhesion of the shield with the soil, increasing the necessary shear forces and it can eventually leads to the project interruption.

Methods:
Due to the fact that the criterion for the behavior of fine soils against moisture is Atterberg Limits, therefore, Atterberg Limits and the water content were utilized. For this purpose, the new method proposed by Hollman and Thewes (2013) was used. In this study, in addition to the Atterberg limits, the amount of free water resulting from the machine and from the underground water inflow was included in the calculations.

Results:
It was found that the water content should be increased carefully as the soil is very sensitive to this parameter. An increase of 15% of the water content permits to reduce the risk of clogging. If the added free water amount 15%, the probability of clogging becomes high. Whereas, in case where the added free water amount reaches 20%, the risk of clogging decreases significantly.

Conclusion:
According to the performed assessments, it was found that critical areas for the clogging aspect are both the cutter head and the chamber. The sensitivity of the soil is very important to the free water amount. Therefore, due to the behavior of sticky and plastic of clay soils against increasing water, it is necessary to determine the percentage of allowable water used in mechanized excavation projects.
Parent-Adolescent/Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication: The Case of Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Fiche Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Feyissa Mulugeta , Adugna Haweni , Aferu Temesgen , Nigussie Tadesse 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Adolescence/youth is a continuum of physical, cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial development. Due to a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health, adolescents face a number of problems. Clear family communication of reproductive health issues often leads to increased awareness of reproductive health matters and reduces risky behaviors and its consequences in adolescent populations.

Objective:
To assess parent-adolescent/youth communication and associated factors among students attending secondary and preparatory schools in Fiche town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods:
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 27 to 30,2017, using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Two schools in the town were included in the study. Data were entered using epidata manager version 4.0.2.101 and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, and variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
The number of students who had ever discussed sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents was 118 (31.2%). Mothers’ educational status of diploma [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.52, 95%CI=1.13-10.95], fathers’ educational status of diploma [AOR=3.84, 95%CI=1.29-11.41], students’ perceived importance of sexual and reproductive health issues discussion [AOR=6.69, 95%CI=2.04-22.00], students’ knowledge about sexual and reproductive health issues [AOR=4.80, 95%CI=2.56-9.01], and students’ attitude towards sexual and reproductive health issues [AOR=3.13, 95%CI=1.76-5.57] were identified as independent predictors of parent-student sexual and reproductive health communication.

Conclusion:
The level of parent-student sexual and reproductive health communication is low among secondary and preparatory schools in Fiche town. Therefore, school administration, in collaboration with stakeholders, should facilitate adolescent-friendly services to enhance sexual and reproductive health-related awareness.
Determination of Enriched Quantum Efficiency with InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Solar Cells
Authors: Hungyo Shingmila , Singh Khomdram J. , Warepam Dickson , Dhar Rudra S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Energy is a major concern in every aspect of our life. Solar energy is a renewable
environmentally friendly source of energy. Therefore, solar cells are vastly studied with different
technology and different material.

Objective:
The main objective here is to analyze InGaN material for solar cell applications with less
complicated structures of MQW solar cells on revising solar cell with the recombination structure, I-V
characteristics, and its efficiency.

Methods:
The device is simulated using SILVACO ATLAS, where the well and the barrier layers are
inserted in the depletion region employing material combination of InGaN / GaN, which increases the
solar cell performance parameter. This work focuses on the photogeneration rate, recombination in the
active region as well as its current-voltage relation from the simulation.

Results:
With the increase in the number of QW periods in the active region of the device, the photovoltaic
parameters especially conversion efficiency, increases significantly. Under space AM0 solar
illumination, the cell efficiency increases up to 8.2 % for 20 MQWs with 20% Indium content for the
InGaN/GaN structure. It enhances the External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) upto 36% at nearly 380nm
wavelength range near the UV region.

Conclusion:
The modelled structure is efficiently simulated using TCAD SILVACO ATLAS, and the
material Indium Gallium Nitride semiconductor shows an excellent solar cell performance with high
solar radiation. It is also observed that with an increase in the number of well periods the solar cell
performance increases, which demonstrates the feasibility of Indium Gallium Nitride solar cell with an
additional MQW period as a power source.
The Novel Coronavirus Enigma: Phylogeny and Analyses of Coevolving Mutations Among the SARS-CoV-2 Viruses Circulating in India
Authors: Banerjee Anindita , Sarkar Rakesh , Mitra Suvrotoa , Lo Mahadeb , Dutta Shanta , Chawla-Sarkar Mamta 
Published: August 2020

Background
The RNA genome of the emerging novel coronavirus is rapidly mutating, and its human-to-human transmission rate is increasing. Hence, temporal dissection of their evolutionary dynamics, the nature of variations among different strains, and understanding the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the endemic settings are crucial. Delineating the heterogeneous genomic constellations of this novel virus will help us understand its complex behavior in a particular geographical region.

Objective
This is a comprehensive analysis of 95 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences available from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) repository during the first 6 months of 2020 (January through June). Evolutionary dynamics, gene-specific phylogeny, and the emergence of the novel coevolving mutations in 9 structural and nonstructural genes among circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains across 12 different Indian states were analyzed.

Methods
A total of 95 SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide sequences submitted from India were downloaded from the GISAID database. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, version X software was used to construct the 9 phylogenetic dendrograms based on nucleotide sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 genes. Analyses of the coevolving mutations were done in comparison to the prototype SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, China. The secondary structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase/nonstructural protein NSP12 was predicted with respect to the novel A97V mutation.

Results
Phylogenetic analyses revealed the evolution of “genome-type clusters” and adaptive selection of “L”-type SARS-CoV-2 strains with genetic closeness to the bat severe acute respiratory syndrome–like coronaviruses. These strains were distant to pangolin or Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus strains. With regard to the novel coevolving mutations, 2 groups have been seen circulating in India at present, the “major group” (66/95, 69.4%) and the “minor group” (21/95, 22.1%)
, harboring 4 and 5 coexisting mutations, respectively. The “major group” mutations fall in the A2a clade. All the minor group mutations, except 11083G>T (L37F, NSP6 gene), were unique to the Indian isolates.

Conclusions
This study highlights the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus and the cocirculation of multiple clades and subclades. This comprehensive study is a potential resource for monitoring the novel mutations in the viral genome, interpreting changes in viral pathogenesis, and designing vaccines or other therapeutics.
Dekonstruksi Femininitas dalam Novel-novel Karya Eka Kurniawan: Dari Pekerjaan Sampai Kecantikan
Authors: Zulkarnain Jaka Ahmad , - Wiyatmi 
Published: August 2020

One of the stereotypes of gender is femininity in which it is closely related to women. Femininity with passive characteristic is constructed to limit their moves. In Eka Kurniawan’s novels, the femininity is unstable. It brings an assumption that he is conducting the femininity deconstruction. This research is aimed to find out and to explain the femininity deconstruction in Eka Kurniawan’s novels. Three Eka Kurniawan’s novels were chosen as the data source of this research, they were Cantik Itu Luka, Lelaki Harimau, and Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas. This research used critical discourse analysis method with post-modern feminism approach. There are seven forms of femininity deconstructions in Eka Kurniawan’s novels such as feminine jobs, feminine images, feminine habits, feminine symbols, feminine principles, feminine desire, and beauty. Femininity deconstruction shows that femininity has strengths and weaknesses. Femininity is conveyed and practiced either by men and women characters in his novels. Through femininity deconstruction, Eka Kurniawan draws images of how femininity is being deconstructed and how the characters in his novels questioning, rejecting, and or making use of femininity.
POSTMEMORY DALAM NOVEL TAPOL KARYA NGARTO FEBRUANA
Authors: Assa Anna Elfira Prabandari 
Published: August 2020

Narasi balas dendam yang masih terus direproduksi oleh pihak-pihak yang bertikai semakin membuat rekonsiliasi tragedi ’65 berujung pada kemacetan. Kerelaan untuk sa-ling mengakui kesalahan adalah langkah besar dalam usaha rekonsiliasi. Sayangnya, korban PKI hanya mengingat saat mereka menjadi bulan-bulanan PKI, sebelum Peristiwa G30S. Sementara itu, PKI hanya mengingat pasca-G30S, saat mereka menjadi korban genosida politik. Sebuah novel berjudul Tapol karya Ngarto Februana memotret fenomena tersebut. Pengarang yang tidak pernah mengalami langsung peristiwa ’65 membuat teori postmemory dari Marianne Hirsch cocok diaplikasikan dalam penelitian ini. Februana mendapatkan transmisi afiliatif dari saksi hidup dan buku-buku lain sebagai memori kolektif. Identifikasinya kemudian mewujud dalam tokoh dan narasi dalam novel Tapol. Februana membedakan antara komunisme sebagai ideologi yang membela yang tertindas dan PKI sebagai partai yang berpolitik praktis. Melalui tokoh Mirah, pengarang juga mengkritisi Orde Baru sebagai rezim otoriter yang bukan hanya musuh, tetapi juga semua pihak yang berani menentangnya.Kata Kunci: postmemory; transmisi; memori; identifikasi; PKI; Orde Baru; komunisme The narrative of revenge that is still being reproduced by the conflicting parties increases the stagnation of reconciliation of the '65 tragedy. The willingness to acknowledge each other's mistakes is a big step in reconciliation. Unfortunately, PKI victims only remember when they were the PKI’s targets, before the G30S. Meanwhile, the PKI only remembered the post-G30S, when they were victims of political genocide. A novel titled Tapol by Ngarto Februana captures this phenomenon. Authors who have never experienced directly on '65 tragedy make Marianne Hirsch’s postmemory suitable to be applied. Februana gets affiliative transmission from living witnesses and other books as a collective memory. His identification towards the past then manifests in characters and narratives in Tapol. Februana distinguishes between communism as an ideology that defends the oppressed and the PKI as a party that has practical politics. Through the character Mirah, the author also criticized the New Order as an authoritarian regime that was not only an enemy but also all those who dared to oppose it.Keywords: postmemory; transmition; memory; identification; PKI; Orde Baru; communism
REPRESENTASI NILAI RELIGI DAN KEPENGARANGAN PUISI-PUISI KARYA TAUFIK ISMAIL
Authors: Septia Emil , Marni Silvia , Armet Armet 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini memaparkan representasi nilai religi dalam setiap bait-bait puisi karya Taufik Ismail. Puisi yang bernilai religius dapat digunakan untuk menyadarkan masyarakat (pembaca) untuk selalu bersyukur pada Tuhan Sang Penguasa. Kumpulan puisi Debu di Atas Debu: Kumpulan Puisi Dwi-Bahasa karya Taufik Ismail merupakan catatan-catatan emosional zaman dengan gejolak politik dan sikap bangsa Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini berupa kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi (content analysis) serta pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepengarangan Taufik yang terdapat pada representasi nilai religi di setiap bait-bait puisi. Melalui seni pedalangan ketika Taufik bermukim di Yogyakarta dan seni bakaba ketika Taufik pindah ke Bukittinggi yang merupakan bentuk gaya kepengaranan seorang penyair yang dipengaruhi kebudayaan lokal, Taufik ingin menyentuh perasaan pembaca akan representasi nilai religius untuk membentuk karakter bangsa.Kata Kunci: representasi; nilai; religi; kepengarangan; puisi This study describes the representation of religious values in each poetic verse by Taufik Ismail. Religious poetry can be used to make people (readers) aware to always be grateful to God the Lord. A collection of Debu di Atas Debu: Kumpulan Puisi Dwi-Bahasa by Taufik Ismail is an emotional record of the times with political turmoil and the attitude of the Indonesian people. This type of research is qualitative with the method of content analysis and the sociological approach of literature. This is aimed at describing Taufik's authorship in the representation of religious values in each verse of poetry. Through the art of puppetry when Taufik settled in Yogyakarta and bakaba art when Taufik moved to Bukittinggi which was a form of the poet's sound style influenced by local culture, Taufik wanted to touch the readers' feelings about the representation of religious values to shape the nation's character.Keywords: representation; values; religion; authorship; poetry
IDEOLOGI PERLAWANAN DALAM ANTOLOGI PUISI FĪ ṬARĪQI AL-FAJRI KARYA ABDULLAH AL-BARADDUNI
Authors: Purnamawati Zulfa , Sangidu Sangidu , Munawwar Fadlil , Dardiri Taufiq 
Published: August 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap ideologi perlawanan dalam antologi Puisi Ilā Ṭarīqi al-Fajri (Menyongsong Fajar) yang diciptakan pada tahun 1960-1979 oleh Abdullah al-Baraddūnī seorang penyair buta asal Yaman Utara. Untuk mengungkapkan Ideologi perlawanan dalam antologi tersebut digunakan kritik sastra materialistik yang disampaikan oleh Terry Eagleton. Adapun meteode yang digunakan adalah metode dialektik, yaitu pembacaan timbal balik antara elemen internal puisi tersebut dengan elemen-elemen eksternal. Puisi-puisi dalam antologi ini diciptakan saat Yaman Utara berada di bawah kekuasaan dengan ideologi Imamah Zaidiyyah yang bertindak sewenang-wenang dalam menjalankan kekuasaannya. Puisi dipilih sebagai genre untuk mengungkapkan ideologi perlawanan karena kondisi pengarang yang buta, produksi sastra di Yaman Utara yang menjadikan puisi sebagai sastra rakyat, dan kondisi sosial Yaman yang sebagian besar penduduknya masih buta huruf. Perlawanan dalam puisi-puisi tersebut adalah perlawanan rakyat terhadap pemerintahan imamah yang telah berlaku sewenang-wenang terhadap rakyat sehingga hak kebebasan, hak politik, dan hak ekonomi rakyat tidak terpenuhi. Sebagai puncaknya adalah revolusi yang menuntut digantinya ideologi imamah dengan ideologi republik yang memberikan ruang kepada rakyat untuk terlibat dalam persoalan negara dan kehidupan yang lebih baik.Kata kunci: ideologi perlawanan; kritik sastra materialistik; Imamah Zaidiyyah; Yaman Utara This article attempts to explore the ideology of resistance in the poetry anthology Ilā Ṭarīqi al-Fajri (On the Path of Dawn) was created in 1960-1979 by Abdullah al-Baraddūnī, a blind poet from North Yemen. The ideology of resistance in this anthology was analyzed by using materialist literary criticism, which was used by Terry Eagleton. The method used in this study is the dialectical method, namely reciprocal reading between the internal elements of the poem with external elements. The poems were created when Yemen was under control the Zaydi Imamate, who arbitrarily exercised his power. The poetry was chosen as a genre to express the ideology of resistance because of the conditions of blind poet, literary production in North Yemen which made poetry as a folk literature, and the social conditions of Yemen, where the majority of the population was illiterate. The ideology of resistance in this anthology is resistance to the arbitrariness of the ruling government, which did not recognize freedom rights, political rights and economic rights of the people of North Yemen. In addition, there was a resistance to the ideology of Imamate.The ideology of Imamate was replaced by an ideology of the republic which provided space for the people of North Yemen to participate in the management of the country and to pursue a more prosperous life.Keywords: ideology resistance; materialist literary criticism; Zaydi Imamate; North Yemen
ETNOSENTRISME DALAM TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK KARYA HAMKA DALAM PERSPEKTIF STRUKTURASI GIDDENS
Authors: Kholidah Uci Elly , Amri Siti Hardiyanti 
Published: August 2020

Sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia saling berinteraksi dengan gugus pengetahuan dan pengalaman berbeda satu sama lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis etnosentrisme dalam novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck karya Hamka dengan perspektif Strukturasi Giddens. Strukturasi menolak pandangan dualisme dengan menekankan dualitas agen dan struktur. Setiap agen bertindak berdasarkan skemata atau struktur dalam ruang dan waktu tertentu. Selanjutnya, aktivitas sosial para agen tersebut memengaruhi struktur itu kembali. Dalam konteks sastra, agen merujuk pada penulis dan tokoh-tokoh yang ada di dalam karya sastra. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gejala etnosentrisme melalui tindakan para tokoh dalam novel merupakan manifestasi struktur penulis. Novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck merupakan sarana komunikasi Hamka selaku agen yang dimotivasi oleh keinginan akan perbaikan dan perubahan terhadap struktur budaya Minangkabau. Karya ini juga mampu mengubah sistem sosial yang membentuk struktur etnosentrisme Hamka.Kata Kunci: Strukturasi; Agen; Struktur; Anthony Giddens; Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck As social beings, humans interact using a distinct set of knowledge and experiences. This research aims to analyze ethnocentrism in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck by Hamka through the perspective of Giddens’ structuration. The theory of structuration rejects the notion of dualism by highlighting the duality of agent and structure. Every agent acts on a schemata or structure in a certain space and time. Furthermore, the agents' social activities conversely affect the structure. In literary context, agents refer to both writer and characters in literary work. The result of this study indicates that the phenomenon of ethnocentrism showed through the actions of the characters in the novel isthe manifestation of the author's structure. The novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck is a media of communication for Hamka as an agent motivated by his desire for improvements and changes in the structure of Minangkabau culture. This work is also able to change social system that actually constructs Hamka ethnocentrism structure.Keywords: Structuration; Agent; Structure; Anthony Giddens; Tenggelamnya Kapal Van der Wijck.
LANSKAP SIBER SASTRA: POSTMODERNISME, SASTRA POPULER, DAN INTERAKTIVITAS
Authors: Nurhidayah Sri , Setiawan Rahmat 
Published: August 2020

Kajian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan kaitan antara posmodernisme, sastra populer, dan siber sastra. Dengan pemahaman posmodernisme sebagai pergerakan budaya, sastra populer sebagai sastra pelarian, dan siber sastra sebagai konsekuensi atas pergeseran produksi sastra yang memanfaatkan internet, kajian ini merelevansikan asumsi bahwa ketiganya memiliki kaitan yang cukup erat. Pendekatan kajian ini adalah fenomenologis dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Posmodernisme menghasilkan pergeseran pola pikir terpusat menjadi tersebar sehingga batas antara yang adiluhung dengan yang populer menjadi kabur ditambah lagi dengan fenomena media sosial yang menghadirkan interaktivitas penulis-pembaca sebagai pola baru kesusastraan, seperti pemanfaatan media sosial (facebook, twitter, wattpad, dan lain sebagainya) yang mampu menawarkan intimasi antara penulis dengan pembaca serta bagaimana wacana kebebasan menulis menjadi hal yang realistis lagi tanpa perlu kompetisi ketat yang penuh dengan kekuasaan dan legitimasi. Tentu saja, interaktivitas penulis-pembaca tersebut merupakan hal yang sulit terwujud dalam produksi sastra yang konvensional (versi cetak). Kata kunci: Posmodernisme, sastra popular, siber sastra, interaktivitas This study aims to reveal the relation among postmodernism, pop literature, and cyber literature. By the understanding of postmodernism as a cultural movement, popular literature as escape literature, and cyber literature as a consequence of the shift in literary production that utilizes the internet technology, this study revives an assumption that the three have a fairly close relationship. The approach of this study is phenomenological with descriptive analysis techniques. Postmodernism results in a shift in decentralization process, so that the margin between the noble and the popular get blurred along with the phenomenon of social media that faces writer-reader interactivity as a new mode of literature, such as the use of social media (facebook, twitter, wattpad, etc.). Those offer intimacy between writers and readers, as well as how the discourse of freedom of writing becomes realistic without requirement toward intense competition that is full of power and legitimacy. Of course, the writer-reader interactivity is difficult to be realized in conventional literary production (print version). Keywords: Postmodernism, pop literature, cyber literature, interactivity