bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un Deu Enemi. Jews and Judaism in French and English Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts in the Royal Library
Authors: Vidas Marina 
Published: March 2020

Marina Vidas: Un Deu Enemi. Jews and Judaism in French and English Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts in the Royal Library
The article analyzes images of and texts about Jews and Judaism in five medieval illuminated manuscripts in the collection of the Royal Library, Copenhagen. I begin by examining the references to Jews in a bestiary (MS GKS 3466 8º) composed in the twelfth century by Philippe de Thaon for Queen Adeliza of England and copied a century later in Paris. Then I analyze depictions of Jews in a French early thirteenth-century personal devotional manuscript (MS GKS 1606 4º) as well as in a number of related de luxe Psalters and Bibles in foreign collections. Textual references to Judaism and Jews are examined in a compilation of saints’ lives (MS Thott 517 4º) as well as depictions of individuals of this faith in an Hours (MS Thott 547 4º), both made in fourteenth-century England for members of the Bohun family. Lastly, I analyze images illustrating legends derived from the Babylonian Talmud in a Bible historiale (MS Thott 6 2º), executed for Charles V of France (r. 1364–1380).I argue that images depicting Jews in narrative cycles had a number of meanings, some of which can be interpreted as anti-Jewish. I suggest that the images also played a role in shaping the piety of their audiences as well as the intended viewers’ understanding of their social identity. Indeed, depictions of Jews in the manuscripts seem mostly unrelated to the actually existing Jews. Members of the Hebrew faith were often represented in contexts in which their appearance, beliefs, and activities were distorted to emphasize the holiness, goodness, and perfection of Christ and the Virgin Mary. It is also suggested that their representations may have spurred a reflection on, and sometimes even a criticism of, Christian behavior and attitudes.
Knud Rasmussen og grønlandspolitikken
Authors: Michelsen Knud 
Published: March 2020

Knud Michelsen: Knud Rasmussen and Greenland politics
It is the general view that the polar explorer Knud Rasmussen (KR) was only involved in Greenland politics to a limited extent, i.e. the policies which Denmark as a colonial power exercised in Greenland. However, in reality, that was not the case at all. The misunderstanding has arisen firstly because the sources have not been studied in sufficient detail, secondly because KR’s opinions on Danish policies have not been given the weight they are due, and thirdly because the background for his often unconventional methods of operation has either been overlooked or simply not acknowledged. KR’s political activities manifest themselves in particular in the following contexts: after his return from the Danish Literary Expedition (1902–04), in connection with a lecture tour in West Greenland in 1909, during his participation in the Greenland Commission in 1920, in a series of articles published the same year, in a speech to the assembled Danish parliament in 1925, and during his appearance in connection with the Eastern Greenland Case in The Hague in 1933. All these are mentioned in the article in order to create an overview of how KR’s views developed. Throughout is the role which he assumed for himself as spokesman for Greenlanders and polar Eskimos, a role which at the same time prevents a more party-political or ideological involvement. In this role, he often expressed critical views of the colonial administration, largely in relation to both business policies and the lack of progress in introducing autonomy/self-government. After 1918, another political role becomes important: that of acting as a bridge-builder between Denmark and the Greenlanders. This, which partly conflicted with his role as spokesman, is behind the fact that, from the late 1920s, it is possible to observe an approximation between KR’s views and official Greenland policy, not least associated with the collaboration with Danish Prime Minister Thorvald Stauning.In particular, the article refers to a comprehensive report which, on the basis of the lecture tour in 1909, was prepared for the Danish Ministry of the Interior. The report has only recently been found, and contains a long story that looks extensively at KR’s highly charged political views, the colonial administration’s reaction to them and how some of KR’s views could be exploited by others, including the Norwegians in the Eastern Greenland Case in 1933. As the article shows, many people wanted to cite KR to support their own views. He therefore had to navigate carefully in order not to be caught up in the Danish debate and fail in his role as spokesperson. However, he was not only a spokesman, but nurtured his own vision of how Greenland should develop, linked to his role as a bridge-builder. And it was this which, at the end of the day, was the most important. Therefore, he was not a nation-builder as well.
“Die grosse Zeit ist vorüber”. Uddrag af H.O. Langes korrespondance med Georg Steindorff 1937-1939
Authors: Pedersen Lars Schreiber 
Published: March 2020

Lars Schreiber Pedersen: “Die grosse Zeit ist vorüber”. Extract from H. O. Lange’s correspondence with Georg Steindorff 1937-1939
During his first stay at the home of Professor Adolf Erman in Berlin in 1887, the Danish Egyptologist, H. O. Lange (1863-1943) also got to know a number of Erman’s students. The oldest of them was Georg Steindorff (1861-1951), with whom Lange developed a long, friendly relationship, which was to last for over 50 years.Based on the archive material from the Royal Library in Copenhagen and the Egyptian Museum at the University of Leipzig, this article focuses on the correspondence between Lange and Steindorff in the years 1937-1939. These were landmark years for both men. After 13 years as a lecturer in Egyptology at the University of Copenhagen, 74-year-old H. O. Lange had retired on 1 July 1937, and Georg Steindorff, who was two years older at this point, had also retired after more than 40 years as Professor in Egyptology at the University of Leipzig.The correspondence clearly shows that during these years, on a personal and profession level, there was more at stake for Georg Steindorff. Despite the fact that he had already been baptised in 1885, according to National Socialist race laws, Steindorff continued to be considered as a “full Jew” (Volljude). However, and quite unusually, Steindorff was able to teach at the University up until the end of 1935. However, in the following years, he was increasingly persecuted by the Nazi regime. In 1937, he was forced to relinquish his many years as editor of the leading scientific journal, Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, which brought to an end his status as the profession’s grand old man in Germany. In December 1938, he was forced to withdraw from the Saxon Scientific Academy and, at the end of March 1939, he emigrated with his wife to the USA. The correspondence between the two old friends and colleagues apparently ended abruptly in the autumn of 1939. Personal reasons are not thought to be the cause of this breakdown in communication; it was probably caused by the outbreak of the war.Central to H. O. Lange and Georg Steindorff’s correspondence during the period 1937-1939, was the question of how to safeguard Georg Steindorff’s unpublished scientific works and preserve them for the future. Steindorff was very much interested in giving them to H. O. Lange in Copenhagen, but the German Egyptologist ended up bringing them to the USA anyway. However, neither did his etymological Coptic-Egyptian glossary nor his planned thesis on ‘Achmimische Proverbien’ to be written with his deceased colleague, Carl Schmidt ever see the light of day. On the other hand, Steindorff’s Coptic grammar was published posthumously in 1951 under the title Lehrbuch der koptischen Grammatik. Nor did H. O. Lange, who in January 1939 had expressed his hope that Steindorff would be fortunate enough to finish this important work, get to see the finished results. On 15 January 1943, the Danish Egyptologist died at the age of 79.
Findes der skønhed i leksikografi?
Authors: Pálfi Loránd-Levente , Wolgast Karin , Hoff Kjeldsen Tinne 
Published: March 2020

Loránd-Levente Pálfi, Karin Wolgast & Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen: Towards an aesthetics of lexicography
In this paper, we examine a subject which has apparently never before been the object of research or published intellectual reasoning. The question is if such a thing as a beautiful dictionary or encyclopedia exists, i.e. if we can address lexicographic beauty conceived of as the sum of various inner qualities of lexicographic reference works while stripping our concept of the external properties of books such as bindings, cover, the quality of paper and print, layout, user-interface, etc. After investigating aesthetic qualities as established in other academic fields, of which mathematics and literature have been selected as representative for the purpose of developing a complementary paradigm, the article undertakes a tentative definition of lexicographic beauty.
Identification of key genes and pathways affected in epicardial adipose tissue from patients with coronary artery disease by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Tan Liao , Xu Qian , Wang Qianchen , Shi Ruizheng , Zhang Guogang 
Published: March 2020

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common disease with high cost and mortality. Here, we studied the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from patients with CAD to explore the possible pathways and mechanisms through which EAT participates in the CAD pathological process.

Methods
Microarray data for EAT and SAT were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including three separate expression datasets: GSE24425, GSE64554 and GSE120774. The DEGs between EAT samples and SAT control samples were screened out using the limma package in the R language. Next, we conducted bioinformatic analysis of gene ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways to discover the enriched gene sets and pathways associated with DEGs. Simultaneously, gene set enrichment analysis was carried out to discover enriched gene functions and pathways from all expression data rather than DEGs. The PPI network was constructed to reveal the possible protein interactions consistent with CAD. Mcode and Cytohubba in Cytoscape revealed the possible key CAD genes. In the next step, the corresponding predicted microRNAs (miRNAs) were analysed using miRNA Data Integration Portal. RT-PCR was used to validate the bioinformatic results.

Results
The three datasets had a total of 89 DEGs (FC log2 > 1 and P value < 0.05). By comparing EAT and SAT, ten common key genes (HOXA5, HOXB5, HOXC6, HOXC8, HOXB7, COL1A1, CCND1, CCL2, HP and TWIST1) were identified. In enrichment analysis, pro-inflammatory and immunological genes and pathways were up-regulated. This could help elucidate the molecular expression mechanism underlying the involvement of EAT in CAD development. Several miRNAs were predicted to regulate these DEGs. In particular, hsa-miR-196a-5p and hsa-miR-196b-5p may be more reliably associated with CAD. Finally, RT-PCR validated the significant difference of OXA5, HOXC6, HOXC8, HOXB7, COL1A1, CCL2 between EAT and SAT (P value < 0.05).

Conclusions
Between EAT and SAT in CAD patients, a total of 89 DEGs, and 10 key genes, including HOXA5, HOXB5, HOXC6, HOXC8, HOXB7, COL1A1, CCND1, CCL2, HP and TWIST1, and miRNAs hsa-miR-196a-5p and hsa-miR-196b-5p were predicted to play essential roles in CAD pathogenesis. Pro-inflammatory and immunological pathways could act as key EAT regulators by participating in the CAD pathological process.
QseBC is involved in the biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis
Authors: Li Wenchang , Xue Mei , Yu Lumin , Qi Kezong , Ni Jingtian , Chen Xiaolin , Deng Ruining , Shang Fei , Xue Ting 
Published: March 2020

Background
Mastitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in dairy cattle and causes significant financial losses in the dairy industry worldwide. Antibiotic therapy has been used as the most effective strategy for clinical mastitis treatment. However, due to the extensive use of antibacterial agents, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered to be one of the reasons for low cure rates in bovine mastitis. In addition, biofilms could protect bacteria by restricting antibiotic access and shielding the bacterial pathogen from mammary gland immune defences. The functional mechanisms of quorum sensing E. coli regulators B an d C (QseBC) have been well studied in E. coli model strains; however, whether QseBC regulates antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation in clinical E. coli strain has not been reported.

Methods
In this study, we performed construction of the qseBC gene mutant, complementation of the qseBC mutant, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, antibacterial activity assays, biofilm formation assays, real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) to investigate the role of qseBC in regulating biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility in the clinical E. coli strain ECDCM2.

Results
We reported that inactivation of QseBC led to a decrease in biofilm formation capacity and an increase in antibiotic susceptibility of an E. coli strain isolated from a dairy cow that suffered from mastitis. In addition, this study indicated that QseBC increased biofilm formation by upregulating the transcription of the biofilm-associated genes bcsA, csgA, fliC, motA, wcaF and fimA and decreased antibiotic susceptibility by upregulating the transcription of the efflux-pump-associated genes marA, acrA, acrB, acrD, emrD and mdtH. We also performed EMSA assays, and the results showed that QseB can directly bind to the marA promoter.

Conclusions
The QseBC two-component system affects antibiotic sensitivity by regulating the transcription of efflux-pump-associated genes. Further, biofilm-formation-associated genes were also regulated by QseBC TCS in E. coli ECDCM2. Hence, this study might provide new clues to the prevention and treatment of infections caused by the clinical E. coli strains.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Physicochemical Stability and Antioxidant Properties of Locally Available Underutilized Star Fruit Juice
Authors: Shourove Jahid Hasan , Zzaman Wahidu , Chowdhury Razia Sultana , Hoque Md. Mozammel 
Published: March 2020

Industrial processing of the fruit juice is responsible for the changes in some quality attributes. Thermal treatment is a most applicable operation for any processing and it affects the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the juice. This study was conducted to observe the changes in some physical properties and the bioactive compounds of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) juice during thermal treatment at 70°C, 80°C and 90°C for 10, 20, 30 and 40 min by a temperature-controlled water bath. During thermal treatment of the juice pH and browning index increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) with time and increasing temperature whereas the Cloud index of the juice decreased. No significant variation (P≥ 0.05) noticed in the case of total soluble solids. Color differences gradually increased in case of color parameter (0 to 7.83 ± 0.20) and negatively increased in case of (0 to -7.33± 1.00). Irregular results observed for and maximum difference (3.01±0.08) noticed at 90°C for 40 min. The highest overall color change (∆E= 11.04±0.76) observed when the juice treated at 90°C for 40 min. In consideration of the bioactive compounds, maximum ascorbic acid estimated (24.17±0.70mg/100ml) in fresh juice and with rising temperature and time it decreased. β-carotene also decreased significantly during heat treatment. The Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) found in fresh juice as (540.08±16.64 mg GAE/100 ml) and it was not changed in a regular manner with temperature change. Flavonoid content increased significantly (P≤0.05) when the juice was heat-treated at 70°C and 80°C while no significant change observed at 90°C. Maximum DPPH scavenging activity found in fresh juice (60.19±1.39%) and decreased to (53.83±1.43%) when 90°C temperature was applied for 40 min. This study may help to find out the nutritional value of locally available star fruit and physicochemical changes of this fruit juice during thermal processing.
Hepatic Vascular Exclusion Minimizes Hemorrhage During Isolated Caudate Lobectomy
Authors: Tian Gendong , Chen Qiong , Shen Rong , Ren Lei , Li Jie 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Isolated caudate lobectomy is a challenging operation for hepatobiliary surgeons. Unexpected massive hemorrhage is one of the major concerns for successful operation. Addressing the issue of bleeding control and prophylaxis during isolated caudate lobectomy is necessary. Our aim was to summarize the application of hepatic vascular exclusion in the operation to decrease blood loss.

Methods
Twenty-six cases of isolated caudate lobectomy were reviewed. Different hepatic vascular exclusion and its outcome were analyzed.

Results
All the operations were accomplished successfully with satisfactory average blood loss (325.38 mL) and without major postoperative complications. Hepatic vascular exclusion was used in nearly four-fifths of the cases. Pringle maneuver, portal vein exclusion, total hepatic vascular exclusion, selective total hepatic vascular exclusion, and selective regional total hepatic vascular exclusion were applied selectively.

Conclusions
Hepatic vascular exclusion decreased possible blood loss effectively during isolated caudate lobectomy. Full mobilization of the liver facilitates hepatic vascular exclusion. Certain precautionary measures and effective remedies are necessary for unexpected bleeding. Isolated caudate lobectomy should be carried out by experienced hepatobiliary surgeons.
Morbidity After Esophagectomy With Three-Field Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Esophageal Cancer: Looking for the Best Predictive Model
Authors: Mora Andres , Nakajima Yasuaki , Okada Takuya , Hoshino Akihiro , Tokairin Yutaka , Kawada Kenro , Kawano Tatsuyuki 
Published: March 2020

PurposeEsophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy (3FLD) is a potentially curative treatment option for resectable esophageal cancer (EC), which is associated with significant morbidity. Risk scores are useful for patient assessment; this study compares 7 different scores and indexes to find the best model for predicting morbidity in patients undergoing 3FLD.MethodsSix years of data from January 2010 to January 2016 were reviewed, patients with EC who underwent 3FLD were retrospectively scored using 4 predictive scores and 3 predictive index models. Postoperative morbidity was assessed according to the extended Clavien-Dindo classification. The outcomes were the presence and severity of morbidity. Validation was performed by calculating the area under the ROC curve and by the assessment of collinearity among the variables independently associated with morbidity in the overall model to determine the best predictive model.ResultsWe included 230 patients were included in the final analysis. Complications after 3FLD occurred in 168 patients (73%; minor complications, n = 96 [41%]; major complications, n=72 [31%]). The AUC values (&lt;0.7) indicated that all scores and indexes had poor discrimination power in predicting the presence and severity of morbidity. Overall, the Steyerberg score was associated with the lowest risk of misestimation in predicting morbidity (P = 0.0330).ConclusionNo score or index could predict the presence or severity of morbidity after 3FLD with good discrimination power. Age (&gt;68 years) was the most critical factor affecting morbidity. The Steyerberg score model, based on the addition and subtraction of risk values was the best model for predicting morbidity after 3FLD.
Borocations in Catalysis
Authors: Stefkova Katarina , Gierlichs Lukas , Willcox Darren , Melen Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEven in its infancy, the catalytic application of cationic boron species has proven itself a powerful tool for main group catalyzed element bond activation. Though these highly Lewis acidic species have been known for almost half a century, their inherent reactivity made them difficult to work with in any fashion beyond chemical curiosity. This article will cover recent advances in the chemistry and catalytic applications of borocation species that are advancing main group chemistry.
Sulfenyl Ynamides in Gold Catalysis: Synthesis of Oxo‐functionalised 4‐aminoimidazolyl Fused Compounds by Intermolecular Annulation Reactions
Authors: Arce Elsa M. , Lamont Scott G. , Davies Paul W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFunctionalised N‐heterocyclic pyridinium N‐aminides have been designed and synthesised to evaluate a nitrenoid‐based annulation strategy into imidazole‐fused oxo‐substituted frameworks of importance to medicinal and agrochemical discovery programmes. Sulfenyl substituted ynamides were identified as privileged reactants affording productive gold‐catalysed annulation reactions with these and other nitrenoids. This annulation method provides selective and efficient access into geminally amino‐sulfenyl substituted nitrogen heterocycles under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Agricultural practices for growing kenaf in Iowa: II. Fiber composition and quality
Authors: Bourguignon Marie , Moore Kenneth J. , Lenssen Andrew W. , Baldwin Brian S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe demand for natural fibers is increasing worldwide as markets respond to the need to replace nonrenewable sources. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a promising biorenewable resource for producing natural fibers. Few studies have investigated the crop when grown at latitudes above 40° and in the U.S. Midwest. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of management practices on fiber (bast and core lignocellulose) composition, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and total ash concentration. Cultivars ‘Tainung 2’ and ‘Whitten’ were planted in Boone County, IA in 2014 and 2015 at 247,000 or 371,000 seed ha−1, in 38‐ or 76‐cm rows, and fertilized with N at 0, 56, 112, 168, or 224 kg ha−1. Treatments were in a factorial design with four replications in 2 yr. Stem bast and core lignocellulose concentrations, total ash, and C/N ratio were determined at harvest. Variety or interactions of variety with management practices influenced most parameters. Increased N fertilization decreased bast cellulose concentration, but increased core cellulose concentration. Hemicellulose concentration in core was greater than in bast. Ash concentration decreased as N fertilization rate increased and interacted with seeding rate and variety. The implications of these observations are directly related to markets and desired kenaf end‐use products. Variety and management interactions influence kenaf fiber quality, and consequently are important considerations for kenaf producers and processors.