bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When falls become fatal—Clinical care sequence
Authors: Drake Stacy A. , Conway Sadie H. , Yang Yijiong , Cheatham Latarsha S. , Wolf Dwayne A. , Adams Sasha D. , Wade Charles E. , Holcomb John B. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
This study encompassed fall-related deaths, including those who died prior to medical care, that were admitted to multiple healthcare institutions, regardless of whether they died at home, in long-term care, or in hospice. The common element was that all deaths resulted directly or indirectly from injuries sustained during a fall, regardless of the temporal relationship. This comprehensive approach provides an unusual illustration of the clinical sequence of fall–related deaths. Understanding this pathway lays the groundwork for identification of gaps in healthcare needs.

Design
This is a retrospective study of 2014 fall-related deaths recorded by one medical examiner’s office (n = 511) within a larger dataset of all trauma related deaths (n = 1848). Decedent demographic characteristics and fall-related variables associated with the deaths were coded and described.

Results
Of those falling, 483 (94.5%) were from heights less than 10 feet and 394 (77.1%) were aged 65+. The largest proportion of deaths (n = 267, 52.3%) occurred post-discharge from an acute care setting. Of those who had a documented prior fall, 216 (42.3%) had a history of one fall while 31 (6.1%) had ≥2 falls prior to their fatal incident. For the 267 post-acute care deaths, 440 healthcare admissions were involved in their care. Of 267 deaths occurring post-acute care, 129 (48.3%) were readmitted within 30 days. Preventability, defined as opportunities for improvement in care that may have influenced the outcome, was assessed. Of the 1848 trauma deaths, 511 (27.7%) were due to falls of which 361 (70.6%) were determined to be preventable or potentially preventable.

Conclusion
Our data show that readmissions and repeated falls are frequent events in the clinical sequence of fall fatalities. Efforts to prevent fall-related readmissions should be a top priority for improving fall outcomes and increasing the quality of life among those at risk of falling.
Trend in female genital mutilation and its associated adverse birth outcomes: A 10-year retrospective birth registry study in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Suleiman Issa Rashid , Maro Eusebious , Shayo Benjamin C. , Alloyce Julius Pius , Masenga Gileard , Mahande Michael J. , Mchome Bariki 
Published: January 2021

Background
Approximately 200 million women and girls were reported to have undergone female genital mutilation worldwide in 2015.UNICEF’s data based on household survey estimates 15% of women from 15–49 years have undergone FGM from year 2004–2015. Despite this, reliable data on trend of prevalence of female genital mutilation and its associated birth outcomes have not been documented in Tanzania. This study aimed at determining the trends of female genital mutilation and associated maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in northern Tanzania.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using maternally-linked data from Kilimanjaro Christian Medical birth registry involving 30,286 women who gave birth to singletons from 2004–2014. The prevalence of female genital mutilation was computed as proportion of women with female genital mutilation yearly over 10 years. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for adverse birth outcomes associated with female genital mutilation were estimated using multivariable logistic regression model.

Results
Over the 10-year period, the prevalence of female genital mutilation averaged 15.4%. Female genital mutilation decreased from 23.6% in 2005 to 10.6% in 2014. Female genital mutilation was associated with increased odds for caesarean section (aOR1.26; 95% CI: 1.18–1.34), post-partum haemorrhage (aOR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.10–1.57) and long hospital stay (aOR 1.21; 95% CI: 1.14–1.29). Female genital mutilation also increased women’s likelihood of delivering an infant with low Apgar score at 5th minute (aOR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.37–1.89).FGM type III and IV had increased odds of caesarean section, episiotomy and prolonged duration of hospital stay as compared to FGM type I and II, although the association was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion
Female genital mutilation prevalence has declined over the study period. Our study has demonstrated that postpartum haemorrhage, delivery by caesarean section, long maternal hospital stays and low APGAR score are associated with FGM. Initiatives to mitigate FGM practice should be strengthened further to reduce/eliminate this practice. Moreover, surgical interventions to improve severe form FGM are welcomed to improve the aforementioned aspects of obstetric outcome in this locality.
Coberturas Verdes
Authors: Lima Juliana Miranda , Da Silva Stela Maris Rodrigues , Faustino Rodrigo Costa , Gonçalves José Roberto Moreira Ribeiro 
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar informações relacionadas aos telhados verdes destacando os principais pontos em relação ao assunto a partir de uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O artigo encontra-se dividido em tópicos que visam apresentar os principais pontos que devem ser observados sobre os telhados verdes como sua história, seus tipos, entre outros, com o objetivo de esclarecer mais sobre sua utilização e sua importância dentro de um contexto geral.
Após o estudo, foi constatado que ainda há uma falta de investimento em pesquisas para a aplicação desta tecnologia no Brasil, embora já tenha sido comprovada de forma prática, em outros países, o seu auxilio de forma positiva na qualidade de vida e na preservação do meio ambiente.
Magnitude Studium: um micromundo para o ensino de área e perímetro
Authors: Silva Anderson Douglas , Bellemain Franck Gilbert 
Published: January 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo explicitar uma parte do percurso de concepção e desenvolvimento de um micromundo denominado de Magnitude Studium (MS), que foi desenvolvido e validado em nossa tese de doutorado (SILVA, 2019), como um suporte ao professor para o ensino de área e perímetro. A fundamentação teórico-metodológica contou com os pressupostos da Engenharia Didático-Informática desenvolvida por Ricardo Tibúrcio que alia aspectos da Engenharia Didática estudada e divulgada por Michele Artigue à Engenharia de Software explanada nos textos de Roger S. Pressman. Nela, discutimos a abordagem de área como grandeza das pesquisadoras francesas Régine Douady e Marie-Jeanne Perrin-Glorian. Em seguida, realizamos uma revisão de literatura com pesquisas nacionais que vêm corroborando com esse tratamento. Tal estudo nos permitiu elencar requisitos pertinentes ao novo micromundo para o ensino e aprendizagem de área e perímetro. Por fim, apresentamos a primeira versão do protótipo, o funcionamento de suas ferramentas e menus, como também, seu diferencial em relação a um software de geometria belga intitulado de Apprenti Géomètre 2 do qual vem nossa motivação para o desenvolvimento do MS.
UMA VIAGEM PELOS SABERES DA TRADIÇÃO: Uma experiência vivida com os ceramistas da “Vila Que Era” em Bragança-PA (Parte 1)
Authors: Rosario Samuel Antonio Silva do , Rosario Jocenilda Pires de Sousa do , Silva Carlos Aldemir Farias da 
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho faz parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado em desenvolvimento no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências e Matemáticas da Universidade Federal do Pará. O vídeo retrata alguns saberes desenvolvidos pelo ceramista Josias Furtado, desde a navegação pelo rio da região até o momento de retirada da argila, uma prática desenvolvida por sua família há gerações, que envolve relações diretas com o rio, a floresta e com a argila. Assista aqui.
Casco inteligente de seguridad industrial para la prevención de accidentes y enfermedades ocupacionales
Authors: Aguilera Vidal Henry Nelson , Gallegos Ramírez Franklin Landerson , Rea Freire Anabell Martha , Galeas Michael Nilo 
Published: January 2021

La seguridad industrial es un relevante para las empresas debido al uso contante de herramientas, maquinarias y equipos, creando un entorno de trabajo lleno de riesgos y peligros para los trabajadores. Por ello, hay normas que exigen la utilización de los EPI tales como el casco para prevenir accidentes y enfermedades ocupacionales. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no existe una solución tecnológica en este ámbito que proporcione en tiempo real información tanto al trabajador como al personal médico y al departamento de seguridad industrial, y que alerte al trabajador sin equipos adicionales o la necesidad de personal especializado en mediciones ambientales como túneles o minas. Por ello, en este trabajo se propone un casco de seguridad inteligente que podría ayudar a reducir el índice de accidentabilidad de los trabajadores. El casco utiliza componentes electrónicos como dispositivos de alerta y puede analizar niveles nocivos de gases, con el fin de prevenir enfermedades ocupacionales a corto y largo plazo a consecuencia de la actividad que realizan los trabajadores.
Dynamiques territoriales des Niayes: divergences Ã©conomiques entre industrie extractive miniÃ¨re et agriculture (littoral Nord du SÃ©nÃ©gal)
Authors: Ndaw Ndioufa , Diallo Mouhamadou Lamine , Niang Souleymane , Sy Boubou Aldiouma 
Published: January 2021

Cet article a pour objectif lâ€™analyse de lâ€™insertion des entreprises miniÃ¨res dans les Niayes Ã travers lâ€™implication socioÃ©conomique des dÃ©placements des populations et lâ€™impact de la RSE sur le dÃ©veloppement local. Cet article essaie de montrer comment ces populations autochtones du littoral Nord sÃ©nÃ©galais sont dÃ©tachÃ©es de leur territoire et de leurs activitÃ©s productives de subsistance. Depuis lâ€™installation des entreprises miniÃ¨res, la zone des Niayes connait de fortes dynamiques socio-Ã©conomiques sâ€™exerÃ§ant sur son environnement physique et humain Ã travers lâ€™emprise des sociÃ©tÃ©s sur les espaces agricoles et ceux habitÃ©s. Le dÃ©veloppement du secteur minier induit une exclusion des communautÃ©s locales habitant les sites et qui sont relogÃ©es ailleurs. La documentation faite sur les questions de conflits dans les espaces miniers et des enquÃªtes de terrains et entrevues ont permis de comprendre les dynamiques socio-spatiales et Ã©conomiques dans les zones miniÃ¨res en gÃ©nÃ©ral et dans les Niayes en particulier. Les rÃ©sultats montrent que les Niayes ont fortement connu lâ€™intervention des sociÃ©tÃ©s miniÃ¨res qui causent la modification de cet environnement primitif, la rÃ©duction des espaces agricoles (les parcelles cultivÃ©es sont rÃ©duites) et dÃ©placent des habitations en leur faveur. Cette situation fait des Niayes un espace dâ€™enjeu socioÃ©conomique et Ã©cologique conduisant Ã lâ€™apparition de divergences conflictuelles autour des sites miniers.
This article aims to analyze the integration of mining companies in the Niayes through the socio-economic implication of the displacement of populations and the impact of CSR on local development. This article tries to show how these indigenous populations of the northern Senegalese coast are detached from their territory and their productive subsistence activities. Since the establishment of mining companies, the Niayes area has experienced strong socio-economic dynamics exerted on its physical and human environment through the influence of societies on agricultural and inhabited areas. The development of the mining sector leads to the exclusion of local communities living on the sites and who are relocated elsewhere. The documentation made on conflict issues in mining areas and field surveys and interviews made it possible to understand the socio-spatial and economic dynamics in the mining areas in general and in the Niayes in particular. The results show that the Niayes have greatly experienced the intervention of mining companies which cause the modification of this primitive environment, the reduction of agricultural spaces (cultivated plots are reduced) and move houses in their favor. This situation makes the Niayes a socio-economic and ecological area of stake, leading to the emergence of conflicting differences around the mining sites.
Analisis Bauran Pemasaran untuk Mempengaruhi Permintaan Pasar dalam Memilih TK
Authors: Dwimala Bunga , Maimunah Maimunah 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana menganalisis strategi bauran pemasaran untuk mempengaruhi permintaan pasar dan mendeskripsikan dampak setelah diterapkannya strategi bauran pemasaran (marketing mix) terhadap permintaan pasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dan penelitian lapangan (field research), yaitu peneliti melakukan penelitian langsung ke lokasi penelitian untuk mendapatkan dan mengumpulkan data. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian adalah strategi bauran yang digunakan dalam menciptakan produk sangat memperhatikan kualitas baik dari sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana tempat bermain, pembelajaran agama seperti Sholat Dhuha, belajar berwudhu’, hafalan surat-surat pendek, dan terutama ketika mengajarkan sholat dan puasa senin dan kamis, dan memfasilitasi entrepeneurship itu melalui ajang ‘Entrepeneurship day’, kemudian harga yang diberikan standard menengah ke atas walaupun demikian memberi kebijaksanaan yaitu membayar uang masuk sekolah dengan dicicil. Memberi beasiswa bagi siswa yang tidak mampu dan siswa yang berprestasi. Selain itu juga, memberikan layanan yang baik bagi anak- anak dan orang tua. Tempat yang strategis menjadi pilihan orang tua dikarenakan sekolahnya terletak di pinggir jalan dan berdekatan dengan perumahan yang berada di sekitar jakabaring. Hal ini menjadi permintaan pasar yang banyak, dan siswa semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun.
Estimating Heritability of Glycaemic Response to Metformin using Nationwide Electronic Health Records and
Population-Sized Pedigree
Authors: Kalka Iris , Gavrieli Amir , Shilo Smadar , Rossman Hagai , Artzi Nitzan Shalom , Segal Eran 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Variability of response to medication is a well known phenomenon, determined by both
environmental and genetic factors. Understanding the heritable component of the response
to medication is of great interest but challenging due to several reasons, including small
study cohorts and computational limitations. Here, we studied the heritability of variation in
the glycaemic response to metformin, first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D),
by leveraging 17 years of electronic health records (EHR) data from Israel’s largest
healthcare service provider, consisting of over five million patients of diverse ethnicities and
socio-economic background. Our cohort consisted of 74,871 T2D patients treated with
metformin, with an accumulated number of 1,358,776 HbA1C measurements and 323,260
metformin prescriptions. We estimated the explained variance of glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c%) reduction due to heritability by constructing a six-generation population-size
pedigree from national registries and linking it to medical health records. Using Linear Mixed
Model-based framework, a common-practice method for heritability estimation, we
calculated a heritability measure of h2 = 15.9% (95% CI, 1.2% − 30.5%) for absolute
reduction of HbA1c% after metformin treatment in males and h2 = 20.9% (95% CI,
7.5% − 34.3%) in females. Results remained unchanged after adjusting for pre-treatment
HbA1c% in females, and for both genders in proportional reduction of HbA1c%. To the best
of our knowledge, our work is the first to estimate heritability of drug response using EHR
data. We demonstrated that while response to metformin treatment has a heritable
component, most of the variation is likely due to other factors, further motivating non-genetic
analyses aimed at unraveling metformin’s mechanism of action.
Operando Analyses of Highly Enhanced Water Splitting by Electronically Modulated Non-noble Metal Carbides
Authors: Roy Soumyabrata , Bagchi Debabrata , Dheer Lakshay , Sarma Saurav , Rajaji Vincent , Narayana Chandrabhas , Waghmare Umesh , Peter Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Designing non-noble metal based electrocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting (OWS) solves a critical bottleneck of sustainable water electrolyzer technology. Here, we elucidate real-time mechanistic insights into the promotional effect of Ni substitution on the bifunctional OWS activity of N-doped graphite carbon (NGC) supported molybdenum and tungsten carbides (Ni-MoC/WC@NGC). Ni substitution yields multi-fold improvement in water splitting activity over the pristine systems that are comparable to commercial Pt/C for HER and better than IrO2 in case of OER. Ni-MoC@NGC champions in HER activity exhibiting an onset overpotential of 65 mV and current density of 140 mA/cm2 at -370 mV (v RHE) in acidic media. Their excellent OWS activity in alkaline media prompted us to construct a H2O electrolyzer where the bifunctional Ni-MoC@NGC system shows a comparable cell voltage to the PtǁIrO2 pair and could split water aided by a 1.5V AAA commercial battery. First principle calculations and in-situ probing of the local Ni and W sites through quick-XAS during electrochemical processes provide valuable insights into how the adsorption energies of intermediates and reaction kinetics are modulated at different catalytic sites with the promotional electronic effect of Ni substitution.
COVID-19 severity and complications associated with low diversity, dysbiosis and predictive metagenome features of the oropharyngeal microbiome.
Authors: Castilhos Juliana de , Zamir Eli , Hippchen Theresa , Rohrbach Roman , Schmidt Sabine , Hengler Silvana , Schumacher Hanna , Neubauer Melanie , Kunz Sabrina , Müller-Esch Tonia , Hiergeist Andreas , Gessner Andre , Khalid Dina , Gaiser Rogier , Cullin Nyssa , Beuthien-Baumann Bettina , Krämer Alwin , Bartenschlager Ralf , Jäger Dirk , Müller Michael , Herth Felix , Duerschmied Daniel , Schneider Jochen , Schmid Roland , Eberhardt Johann , Khodamoradi Yascha , Vehreschild Maria , Teufel Andreas , Ebert Matthias , Hau Peter , Salzberger Bernd , Poeck Hendrik , Elinav Eran , Merle Uta , Stein-Thoeringer Christoph 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting COVID-19 illness vary from asymptomatic disease, mild upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia1, to a life-threatening multi-organ failure with case fatality rates ranging from 0.27–13.4%2,3. Despite increasing knowledge of the clinical and immunological features underlying COVID-191,4−6, biological variables explaining the course of infection and its severity remain elusive. At the entry site of SARS-CoV2, the oropharyngeal microbiome represents a hub integrating viral and immune signals at the start of the infection7–10. To evaluate the role of the oropharyngeal microbiome in COVID-19, we performed a multi-center, cross-sectional clinical study analyzing the oropharyngeal microbial metagenomes in healthy adults, patients with non-SARS-CoV-2 infections, or with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19 encompassing a total of 345 participants. Significantly reduced microbiome diversity and high dysbiosis were observed in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, which was further associated with a loss of microbial genes and metabolic pathways. In this cohort, diversity measures were also associated with need for intensive care treatments as major clinical parameters in COVID-19. We further applied random forest machine learning to unravel microbial features for segregating clinical outcomes in hospitalized cases, and observed oropharyngeal microbiome abundances of Haemophilus or Streptococcus species as most important features. These findings provide insights into the role of the oropharyngeal microbiome in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and may suggest new biomarkers for COVID-19 severity.
Comparison of Quantitative Parameters in Diabetics Without Clinical Signs of Diabetic Retinopathy and Healthy Individuals Using Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Beka Sophie , Podkowinski Dominika , Wendelstein Jascha , Mursch-Edlmayr Anna-Sophie , Mariacher Siegfried , Bolz Matthias 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Automated image analysis is the future for retinal imaging in order to early diagnose retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy. Swept source coherence tomography angiography offers new insights in retinal vascularization. Data sets for each stage of diabetic retinopathy are crucial to compare findings to the healthy population and to develop further algorithms. We recruited 39 eyes of Type-2 diabetics without diabetic retinopathy comparing them to 43 eyes of age and gender matched individuals using swept source coherence tomography angiography. Vessel and perfusion density in the superficial and deep retinal plexus, as well foveal-avascular zone expansion, using Macular Density V 0.7 algorithm were evaluated. We found no significant change in vessel and perfusion density in both plexus, as well no difference in the foveal-avascular zone between healthy and diabetic eyes without clinical diabetic retinopathy. Current parameters of vascular analysis used in swept- source optical coherence tomography angiography are not valid to detect possible early, subclinical changes in patients with diabetes. However, the presented data set is of high value for future studies, as is represents a complete and clean data set. As automated image analysis is the future in diabetic retinopathy the presented data will be used in future studies.
Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water in men at risk of peripheral arterial disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gu Qianqian , Liu Boyan , Xue Junli , Zhao Min , Zhang Xiaoyi , Wang Mingyue , Zhang Mengyu , Xue Yazhuo , Qin Shucun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Aims Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes are considered to increase the incidence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). They can activate endogenous free radicals, cause inflammation and oxidative stress, and lead to endothelial cell dysfunction. Hydrogen (H2) has been proven to decrease oxidative stress, improve cell function, and reduce chronic inflammation. The purpose of this research was to validate the role of H2 in individuals who are at risk of PAD.Methods Sixty subjects were randomly assigned to placebo (PBO) group or H2-rich water (HRW) group and drank either bottled pure water or H2-rich water (245 mL/time, 3 times/d) for ten weeks.Results The pulse wave velocity was ameliorated in the HRW group with no significant change in the ankle-brachial index. The serum total cholesterol of the HRW group was significantly reduced compared to the placebo group. In addition, compared to baseline, the levels of lipoprotein(a) was decreased, the malondialdehyde content was reduced, the superoxide dismutase activity was increased, and the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 was decreased significantly in the HRW group. The oxidized phospholipid of 1-palmitoyl-2-azelaoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine level in the HRW group were significantly reduced compared to the placebo group. Finally, H2 significantly improved the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic abilities of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Conclusions Drinking HRW can improve vascular sclerosis indicators, improve dyslipidemia, reduce vascular oxidative stress and inflammation, and improve HDL function. H2 may be used to prevent and relieve PAD caused by major risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.