bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in Gua Musang Granites, Gua Musang, Kelantan
Authors: Shafiee Nor Shahida , Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar , Ali Khan Mohamad Muqtada 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Granitoid and some extrusive volcanic rocks are widely exposed in Kelantan. In Gua Musang area, the granites are characterized by slightly feldspar. One of the groups of elements found to be in association with granitic rocks is rare earth elements (REEs). The objective of the study is to investigate the distribution of REEs in different types of granitoid rocks in Gua Musang, Kelantan. For this purpose, 10 selected samples of granites were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Light REE are predominant, consisting up to 448.00 ppm. Distribution of light REE in the majority of samples (e.g as shown in sample #001, #003,#008, #009 and #010 ) are up to 90%. Interestingly, one of the samples show a considerably high REE value than previously reported in literatures (i.e sample #002 with a value of 574.3858 ppm) suggesting a good potential for REE. As granitoid rocks are widely exposed in Malaysia, result of this study would give a basic knowledge to develop a more detail study especially in Rare Earth Elements (REE) potential in different types of granitoid rocks in Malaysia.
Visual Tree Analysis of Rain Trees (Samanea saman) in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Main Campus
Authors: Tahir Zahirah Mohamad , Mohamad Mohidin Farah Shahanim , N Rosely Nik Fadzly 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Samanea saman is an urban tree usually planted in an urban landscape for its important role providing numerous environmental, social and economic benefits to the people. These trees provide excellent protective shading tree and its wood were widely used as commercial timber. Although these trees had numerous potentials in agroforestry, there were limited specific research on Samanea saman recently. Given all the above benefits, a study with an objective to evaluate tree risk assessment of Samanea saman health in three different sites within USM main campus was conducted. In this study, health assessment of Samanea saman were inspected based on crown class, tree shape, leaf density and tree health including root system, trunk and branch structure. Each assessed trees were categorised in tree health ranking namely excellent, good, fair and poor based on their physical condition. Results shown that trees planted in wider lawn area and less polluted area exhibited the highest number in excellent condition compared to trees planted along sloped and paved area. Overall, Samanea saman were in good condition. This type of analysis approach will aid USM management to monitor the trees time to time to help the trees to grow well and serve sustainable environment in USM campus.
Forest Growth Analysis of Ulu Sat Forest Reserve
Authors: Naim Jemali Noor Janatun , Abd Rhani Mohd Fariz , Muhammad Marinah , Abdul Majid Nur Kyairatul Syafinie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A long term monitoring data of the dynamics changes on tree growth in Ulu Sat Forest Reserve, Kelantan was analysed. The growth plot was established in 1997 with status of poor forest. Permanent growth plot area was established to monitor the forest stands. Trees in the growth plot were measured every two years with various parameters include girth increment and tree height. Within sixteen years of observation, mean annual increment of trees in Ulu Sat Forest Reserve was at 0.33 cm/year. In general, mean DBH and tree height in this area was at 31.0 cm and 12.9 m respectively. Forest stands with DBH between 20-30 cm are majorly found in the area with 73 trees/ha. The non-dipterocarp species showed a significant decrease in terms of individual tree number when the diameter of the tree increases. Tree volume of non-dipterocarp species recorded at Ulu Sat Forest Reserve is 40 percent higher than dipterocarp species. Meanwhile, total basal area and tree volume contributed by dipterocarp species was 12.1 m2/ha and 227.0 m3/ha, respectively. Based on the enumeration and data analysis, this long term forest monitoring study is imperative to ensure each forest encompasses with adequate quantity of trees for future production, healthy in condition and could support the sustainability of forest ecosystem.
Species Composition and Density of Liana along the Watershed Area in Pergau, Jeli, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Fauzi Norashikin , Iias Muhammad Aideed , Amaludin Nazahatul Anis , Hambali Kamarul , Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Firdaus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A preliminary inventory of liana species composition and density in 0.15 ha of a managed watershed area in Pergau, Jeli northern part of Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia operated by Tenaga Nasional Berhad, recorded a total of 67 liana individuals (≥1 cm dbh) belonging to six genera and five families. The overall liana population density was equivalent to 446 ha−1. The Shannon-Wiener and Fisher’s α indices of the inventory were low with 1.44 and 1.59 respectively. Simpson value index was intermediate high, 0.80. Gynochthodes umbellata was found to be the most abundant species comprising 26.8% of the proportional abundance with density of 120 ha−1. Epipremnum giganteum was recorded as the second most abundant species with 22.4% of abundance and population density of 100 ha−1. The Agelaea sp. comprising of 19.4% of abundance, equivalent to a liana density of 86.7 ha−1. The least abundance was Uncaria sp. with 8.9% of the proportional abundance and density of 40ha−1. Both Spatholobus auritus and Marsedenia maingayi were among the three least proportional abundance of 11.9% and 10.5% whilst the population density of 53.3 ha−1 and 46.7 ha−1 respectively. It could be suggested that ecosystems along the Sungai Long II in Pergau have been disturbed, based on the high abundance of liana. Nevertheless, the existence of lianas within the vicinity play a vital ecological services in sustaining ecosystem productivity through nutrient cycling and also food provisions for frugivore fauna. To ensure the stability of the ecosystem, regular silviculture treatment should also be executed in the highly liana infected area. The uniqueness of certain liana stems tangling in the area could be part of tourist attraction in Pergau, Jeli.
Amphibians and Reptiles Survey at Tasik Pergau, Jeli, Kelantan and Its Updated Checklist
Authors: Ngadi Ehwan , Hambali Kamarul , Mohamed Mohd Sanusi , Abdul Wahab Mohamad Arif Iskandar , Nor Shukor Md 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A surveyof amphibians and reptiles at Tasik Pergau, Kelantan was conducted from 30 until 31 October 2019 and 22 until 23 November 2019. Four sampling locations were surveyed, namely Long 1 & 2, Suda, Renyok, and Terang intake. The study was conducted using the Visual Encounter Survey method, an active sampling technique that is efficient for short observations. A total of 164 individuals were recorded which comprised of sixamphibian families and six reptiles families. The amphibian families recorded are Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Megophryidae, Microhylidae, Ranidae and Rhacophoridae. A total of 19 amphibian species of and eight reptile species were recorded during the sampling period. In addition, this study has recorded about 12 new records of amphibians and reptiles in Pergau area. These species are Limnonectes dionodon, L. malesianus, L. plicatellus, Megophrys nasuta, Hylarana erythraea, H. signata, Polypedates discantus, Calotes emma, Cyrtodactylus pulchellus, Eutropis macularia, Ahaetulla prasina and Xenochrophis trianguligerus,adding up to the total number of amphibians and reptiles to 42 species. Further studies need to be conducted intensive and extensively to obtain more information regarding amphibians and reptiles in Pergau area.
Assessment of Mangrove Replanting Site at Kg Tanjung Kepah, Lekir, Perak
Authors: Mohd Fauzi Nurul Fatihah , Min Teh Hee , Hashim Ahmad Mustafa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Mangroves are formation of salt-tolerant shrubs that inhabit the inter-tidal zones of sheltered coasts like estuaries and lagoons in tropical and subtropical latitudes. They solidly secure the land from the seas, and have the capability of withstanding strong wave action and heavy storm surges. The effectiveness of mangroves as natural coastal protection buffer has been well proven in the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami that brought devastating economic and ecological impacts to thirteen Asian and African countries, including Malaysia. Despite the importance of mangroves in coastal protection, this intertidal vegetation has been reported to be depleted at an alarming annual rate of 1 to 2% globally due to impacts of natural processes and anthropogenic influences. Tremendous efforts of mangrove restoration have been implemented along the Malaysian shoreline in the past decade, but just a modest number have been planned or studied by environmentalists and other researchers. The plantings were mostly executed in a trial-and-error approach without having a full understanding of the site conditions. Hence, a thorough appreciation of the site condition is mandatory so as to ensure high survivability of the young mangrove saplings at the replanting sites. This paper aims to assess one of mangrove replanting sites in Malaysia which is located at Kg Tanjung Kepah, Lekir, Perak. Several mangrove replanting efforts have been undertaken by Forestry Department at the area. However, none of the mangrove seedlings survived three months after the plantation at the open area sites. Some assessment were conducted including mangrove tree assessment, current measurement, soil and water sampling as well as topography detailed survey. The analysis from the assessment shows that the mangrove replanting failures might be influenced by several possible factors, especially the shore slope and topography. Hence, the most suitable engineering approach will be suggested for future protection.
The Efficiency of Bamboo Activated Carbon for Removal of COD from Fish Cracker Industry Wastewater via Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Mohd Alias Mohd Zazmiezi , Ghazi Rozidaini Mohd , Nik Yusoff Nik Raihan , Jamaludin Mohd Hafiz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pre-treatment for wastewater in industry were utilizing activated carbon are gradually recognized by the world. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the performance of chemically activated carbon prepared from bamboo in removing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from wastewater collected from fish cracker industry. The effects of initial concentration (10 % - 50 %), carbon dosage (0.1 g - 1.0 g), and contact time (3 h - 12 h) were examined. The adsorption experimental design was performed using the standard Response Surface Methodology design which was Box-Benhken design via Design-Expert software (version 7.0 Stat Ease, trial version). By increasing carbon dosage and lower initial concentration, the removal efficiency increased. According to Box-Benhken results, the activated carbon with zinc chloride activation was fitted to a quadratic equation and statistically significant. The R2 for the model was 0.9780 and the adjusted R2 was 0.9498. The optimum conditions suggested by the model for the process variable were 49.27 mg/l, 9.49 hours and 0.932 g for initial concentration, contact time and carbon dosage, respectively. The maximum removal obtained at these conditions was 70.579%.
The Removal of Methyl Orange Using CTA-Aliquat 336 Electrospun Fibers From Aqueous Solution
Authors: Abdul Halim Nurul Syazana , Umirah Idris Nor Shahirul , Shoparwe Nor Fazliani , Chee Tee Mei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile method in producing electrospun fibers with facinating features such as high porosity, larger surface to volume ratio and excellent funtionalities. The binding of specific fuctional group to the electrospun fibers has proven them as potential substances in adsorption of pollutants. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the extraction of methyl orange from aqueous solution using electrospun fibers made from cellulose triacetate (CTA) as the base polymer and Aliquat 336 as extractant. The effect of extractant (5-40 wt.%), pH of aqueous solutions (2, 4, 6, 7, 10 ) and initial dye concentrations (10- 50 ppm) were examined to determine the optimal extraction of methyl orange. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to investigate the functional group of the CTA-Aliquat 336 electrospun fibers at various Aliquat 336 concentration. The presence of positively charged ammonium groups and some C-O and C=O bonding are believed from the interactions of Aliquat 336 and CTA. Based on the results, the optimal extraction for methyl orange achieved was 98 % with CTA electrospun fibers containing 10 wt.% at pH 2 and 10 ppm of initial concentration. Thus, it can be concluded that this electrspun has potential to remove dye from wastewater.
Flood Risk and Its Effect on Property Value in Kuala Krai, Kelantan
Authors: Abd Hamid Aliya Atika Asyikin , Mar Iman Abd Hamid , Sathiamurthy Edlic 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The effect of flood risk on property value is vital because property is the most asset coveted by people for ownership. The attraction to live in a location induces people to give less priority to environmental threat such as flood. This study investigates whether the value of the properties was affected by flood risk by taking Kuala Krai, Kelantan, as a case study. By combining spatial analysis, Geographic Information System mapping and statistical analysis, this study included flood risk as one of the tested variables to determine whether it has affected property value. The statistical methods used were the Ordinary Least Squares regression model (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Market prices of a total of 811 transacted properties in the district of Kuala Krai were used to generate statistical model and property maps. The ArcGIS software was used to display and store modeled flood in the study area. The findings showed that higher property values were found around urban centers such as Kuala Krai, Dabong, and Manik Urai, although these areas were among the areas with deep flood inundation. The study disclosed that despite living in areas exposed to flood, the value of property was unaffected. On the other hand, the strategic location in the population concentration area has made it a more important factor than flood risk in determining the impact on property value. Furthermore, people’s receptiveness, adaptability, and risk-taking attitudes were likely to have caused flood to have failed to dislodge the population from flood-prone areas. Another possibility was that flood-prone areas were important economic activity zones so much so that people were more interested to live and work there rather than responding to flood risk.
Relative Risk for Poverty in Kelantan –A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Nawawi Siti Aisyah , Busu Ibrahim , Fauzi Norashikin , Mohd Amin Mohamad Faiz , Nik Yusof Nik Raihan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Poverty eradication among poor household head becomes a significant concern. Previous research employed the traditional statistical method to model the poverty data. However, these traditional statistical methods do not consider the spatial elements of poverty data. This study compares the performance of Poisson log-linear Leroux Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) model with difference neighbourhood matrices. A Poisson Log-Linear Leroux Conditional Autoregressive model with different neighbourhood matrices was fitted to the poverty data for 66 districts in Kelantan for 2010. The results show that the performance of the model with the contiguity matrix was nearly similar to the Delaunay triangulation neighbourhood matrix in estimate poverty risk. The variables that are significantly associated with the poverty in Kelantan are the number of non-education, number of female household head and the average age of the household head.
Ecotourism as Tool for Eradicating Rural Poverty in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Mukrimah , Mamat Mohd Parid , Adnan Norliyana , Tuan Hussain Faten Naseha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ecotourism is one of the strategies in eradicating rural poverty especially for communities living within and adjacent the forest. These communities depend on forest resources both directly and indirectly to generate household income through ecotourism or any forest-related activities. Ecotourism also claimed to be one of conservation strategies which contribute to the long-term conservation of the forest as well as mitigating or reducing conflicts between human and environment. A study was conducted starting from 2016 to 2020 to evaluate socio-economic benefits of forest and its resources towards communities. One of the objectives is to determine whether ecotourism development helps to eradicate rural poverty and improve household income of the local communities in Peninsular Malaysia. However, this paper only focuses on the preliminary result from four states namely Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Negeri Sembilan. A total of 1439 households from 44 villages were successfully interviewed between 2016 and 2018. Data and information were collected through rapid rural appraisal; focus group discussion and household survey guided by structured questionnaire. The impact of ecotourism and forestry related activities towards socio-economic of communities can be assessed through the households’ monthly income. The findings showed there are significant economic benefits and the income received from ecotourism and forestry related activities are important in reducing poverty among local households. Hence, forest conservation strategies should pay more attention to balance the needs for conservation and reducing rural poverty.
Performance Evaluation of Drip Irrigation System and Water Productivity (WP) of Rock Melon Grown inside Netted Rain House Shelter
Authors: Jusoh Mohd Fauzie , Adnan Nurhayatie , Abdul Muttalib Muhammad Firdaus , Katimon Ayob 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The yield of the crops may be subject to the distribution of water directly to the plant root zone using drippers or emitters. To date, there has not been adequate work to evaluate irrigation system performance and water productivity (WP) specifically for rock melon inside a netted rain house shelter in tropical area. Amongst the problem of this system is the non-functional irrigation components after been used for specific of time, thus reducing the irrigation efficiencies and distribution uniformity. This study evaluates irrigation performance of drip irrigation system and estimates WP of rock melon cultivation in the netted rain house shelter. The results indicate that the operating pressure of the drip irrigation system tested varied from 0.8 to 3.0 psi with a discharge rate between 0.14 and 0.25 Lmin−1. Water application uniformity between laterals varied from 66.06 to 89.72%. The WP of rock melon was around 7.93 kg/m3, which is considerably high and in similar range as demonstrated in previous literature. The field evaluation also reveals that the manipulation of valve controller at lateral based on a few selected scenarios did not provide a significant difference in pressure and discharge at the head, middle, and tail section of the drip irrigation system. Such findings would be a very useful information for a precision water management particularly for rock melon cultivation grown under rain house shelter system.
Factors Explaining Post Harvest Practices Adoption among Fruit Farmers in Johor
Authors: Abu Bakar Tengku Halimatun Sa’adiah T , Man Norsida , Nawi Nolila Mohd , Shah Jasmin Arif , Muhamad Nursalwani , Nor Maryana Mohamad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, postharvest practices play an important role in the development of fruit production. Thus, this research investigates the relationship between effort expectations, performance expectations, social influence, facilitating conditions, and attitudes towards postharvest practices adoption among fruit farmers in Johor. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) were utilized to explain the purpose of this study. This study has employed a cross-sectional study with a survey method via self-administered questionnaire. A total of 150 fruit farmers in Johor were chosen by a simple random sampling technique. The data collected were analysed by using descriptive analysis and Spearman’s correlation. The analysis indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between performance expectations, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and attitude towards postharvest practices adoption among fruit farmers in Johor. This study will be significant for farmers in order to help them increase the yield by reducing the postharvest losses and for other researchers to understand the level of postharvest technology acceptance.
The Dynamic of Land Use Changes and Regional Development in Bandung Metropolitan Area
Authors: Fuadina Lutfia Nursetya , Rustiadi Ernan , Pravitasari Andrea Emma 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) is the third largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. It also represents the type of metropolitan in Asia which has massive urbanization characteristic, caused by increasing economic growth. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyse the dynamic of land use change in Bandung Metropolitan Area, (2) to analyse the regional development in Bandung Metropolitan Area, (3) to analyse the diversity of land use type in Bandung Metropolitan Area. Land use was classified visually using Erdas Imagine software and Arc-GIS tools. Analysis of the development of the region using the sub-district development index values obtained by scalogram techniques. The diversity of land use types was identified using entropy analysis. The data used in this study were secondary data consisting of Landsat satellite imageries and facilities data obtained from the Central Board of Statistics in the year of 2003 and 2014. The results of the analysis showed that the built up area and mix gardens were continue to increase from year to year, while rice fields continue to decline. In the period 2003 -2014, there was an increase in the value of the sub-district development index which showed by an increase in the number of types of facilities. The spread of land use types tends to be more homogeneous in Bandung City and Cimahi City, whereas outside of those areas, the types of land use were more diverse and evenly distributed.