bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic states of population activity in prefrontal cortical networks of freely-moving macaque
Authors: Milton Russell , Shahidi Neda , Dragoi Valentin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeural responses in the cerebral cortex change dramatically between the ‘synchronized’ state during sleep and ‘desynchronized’ state during wakefulness. Our understanding of cortical state emerges largely from experiments performed in sensory areas of head-fixed or tethered rodents due to technical limitations of recording from larger freely-moving animals for several hours. Here, we report a system integrating wireless electrophysiology, wireless eye tracking, and real-time video analysis to examine the dynamics of population activity in a high-level, executive area – dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of unrestrained monkey. This technology allows us to identify cortical substates during quiet and active wakefulness, and transitions in population activity during rest. We further show that narrow-spiking neurons exhibit stronger synchronized fluctuations in population activity than broad-spiking neurons regardless of state. Our results show that cortical state is controlled by behavioral demands and arousal by asymmetrically modulating the slow response fluctuations of local excitatory and inhibitory cell populations.
Enhanced succinic acid production by Mannheimia employing optimal malate dehydrogenase
Authors: Ahn Jung Ho , Seo Hogyun , Park Woojin , Seok Jihye , Lee Jong An , Kim Won Jun , Kim Gi Bae , Kim Kyung-Jin , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSuccinic acid (SA), a dicarboxylic acid of industrial importance, can be efficiently produced by metabolically engineered Mannheimia succiniciproducens. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is one of the key enzymes for SA production, but has not been well characterized. Here we report biochemical and structural analyses of various MDHs and development of hyper-SA producing M. succiniciproducens by introducing the best MDH. Corynebacterium glutamicum MDH (CgMDH) shows the highest specific activity and least substrate inhibition, whereas M. succiniciproducens MDH (MsMDH) shows low specific activity at physiological pH and strong uncompetitive inhibition toward oxaloacetate (ki of 67.4 and 588.9 μM for MsMDH and CgMDH, respectively). Structural comparison of the two MDHs reveals a key residue influencing the specific activity and susceptibility to substrate inhibition. A high-inoculum fed-batch fermentation of the final strain expressing cgmdh produces 134.25 g L−1 of SA with the maximum productivity of 21.3 g L−1 h−1, demonstrating the importance of enzyme optimization in strain development.
Multiscale variations of the crustal stress field throughout North America
Authors: Lundstern Jens-Erik , Zoback Mark D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Earth’s crustal stress field controls active deformation and reflects the processes driving plate tectonics. Here we present the first quantitative synthesis of relative principal stress magnitudes throughout North America together with hundreds of new horizontal stress orientations, revealing coherent stress fields at various scales. A continent-scale transition from compression (strike-slip and/or reverse faulting) in eastern North America to strike-slip faulting in the mid-continent to predominantly extension in western intraplate North America is likely due (at least in part) to drag at the base of the lithosphere. Published geodynamic models, incorporating gravitational potential energy and tractions from plate motions or relative mantle flow, successfully predict most large-wavelength stress rotations but not the shorter-wavelength (<~200 km) rotations observed in the western USA. The stresses resulting from glacial isostatic adjustment appear to be much smaller than the magnitude of ambient tectonic stresses in the crust at depth.
Cryo-EM structure of the PlexinC1/A39R complex reveals inter-domain interactions critical for ligand-induced activation
Authors: Kuo Yi-Chun , Chen Hua , Shang Guijun , Uchikawa Emiko , Tian Hui , Bai Xiao-Chen , Zhang Xuewu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlexins are receptors for semaphorins that transduce signals for regulating neuronal development and other processes. Plexins are single-pass transmembrane proteins with multiple domains in both the extracellular and intracellular regions. Semaphorin activates plexin by binding to its extracellular N-terminal Sema domain, inducing the active dimer of the plexin intracellular region. The mechanism underlying this activation process of plexin is incompletely understood. We present cryo-electron microscopic structure of full-length human PlexinC1 in complex with the viral semaphorin mimic A39R. The structure shows that A39R induces a specific dimer of PlexinC1 where the membrane-proximal domains from the two PlexinC1 protomers are placed close to each other, poised to promote the active dimer of the intracellular region. This configuration is imposed by a distinct conformation of the PlexinC1 extracellular region, stabilized by inter-domain interactions among the Sema and membrane-proximal domains. Our mutational analyses support the critical role of this conformation in PlexinC1 activation.
A tailored, electronic textile conformable suit for large-scale spatiotemporal physiological sensing in vivo
Authors: Wicaksono Irmandy , Tucker Carson I. , Sun Tao , Guerrero Cesar A. , Liu Clare , Woo Wesley M. , Pence Eric J. , Dagdeviren Canan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rapid advancement of electronic devices and fabrication technologies has further promoted the field of wearables and smart textiles. However, most of the current efforts in textile electronics focus on a single modality and cover a small area. Here, we have developed a tailored, electronic textile conformable suit (E-TeCS) to perform large-scale, multimodal physiological (temperature, heart rate, and respiration) sensing in vivo. This platform can be customized for various forms, sizes and functions using standard, accessible and high-throughput textile manufacturing and garment patterning techniques. Similar to a compression shirt, the soft and stretchable nature of the tailored E-TeCS allows intimate contact between electronics and the skin with a pressure value of around ~25 mmHg, allowing for physical comfort and improved precision of sensor readings on skin. The E-TeCS can detect skin temperature with an accuracy of 0.1 °C and a precision of 0.01 °C, as well as heart rate and respiration with a precision of 0.0012 m/s2 through mechano-acoustic inertial sensing. The knit textile electronics can be stretched up to 30% under 1000 cycles of stretching without significant degradation in mechanical and electrical performance. Experimental and theoretical investigations are conducted for each sensor modality along with performing the robustness of sensor-interconnects, washability, and breathability of the suit. Collective results suggest that our E-TeCS can simultaneously and wirelessly monitor 30 skin temperature nodes across the human body over an area of 1500 cm2, during seismocardiac events and respiration, as well as physical activity through inertial dynamics.
Admixture and natural selection shaped genomes of an Austronesian-speaking population in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Isshiki Mariko , Naka Izumi , Watanabe Yusuke , Nishida Nao , Kimura Ryosuke , Furusawa Takuro , Natsuhara Kazumi , Yamauchi Taro , Nakazawa Minato , Ishida Takafumi , Eddie Ricky , Ohtsuka Ryutaro , Ohashi Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeople in the Solomon Islands today are considered to have derived from Asian- and Papuan-related ancestors. Papuan-related ancestors colonized Near Oceania about 47,000 years ago, and Asian-related ancestors were Austronesian (AN)-speaking population, called Lapita, who migrated from Southeast Asia about 3,500 years ago. These two ancestral populations admixed in Near Oceania before the expansion of Lapita people into Remote Oceania. To understand the impact of the admixture on the adaptation of AN-speaking Melanesians in Near Oceania, we performed the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of 21 individuals from Munda, the main town of the New Georgia Islands in the western Solomon Islands. Population samples from Munda were genetically similar to other Solomon Island population samples. The analysis of genetic contribution from the two different ancestries to the Munda genome revealed significantly higher proportions of Asian- and Papuan-related ancestries in the region containing theannexin A1(ANXA1) gene (Asian component > 82.6%) and in thehuman leukocyte antigen(HLA)class IIregion (Papuan component > 85.4%), respectively. These regions were suspected to have undergone natural selection since the time of admixture. Our results suggest that admixture had affected adaptation of AN-speaking Melanesians in the Solomon Islands.
Manipulating electronic structure of graphene for producing ferromagnetic graphene particles by Leidenfrost effect-based method
Authors: Alimohammadian Mahsa , Sohrabi Beheshteh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFirst isolation of graphene, as a great achievement, opens a new horizon in a broad range of science. Graphene is one of the most promising materials for spintronic fields whose application is limited due to its weak magnetic property. Despite many experimental and theoretical efforts for obtaining ferromagnetic graphene, still, a high degree of magnetization is an unsolved challenge. Even, in most observations, graphene magnetization is reported at extremely low temperatures rather than room temperature. In principle, the magnetic property of graphene is created by manipulation of its electronic structure. Removing or adding bonds of graphene such as creating vacancy defects, doping, adatom, edges, and functionalization can change the electronic structure and the external perturbation, such as external magnetic field, temperature, and strain can either. Recently, single and few-layer graphene have been investigated in the presence of these perturbations, and also the electronic changes have been determined by Raman spectroscopy. Here, we successfully could develop a simple and novel Leidenfrost effect-based method for graphene magnetization at room temperature with the external perturbations which apply simultaneously in the graphene flakes inside the Leidenfrost droplets. Macroscale ferromagnetic graphene particles are produced by this method. Briefly, the graphene is obtained by the liquid-phase exfoliation method in the ethanol solution media and also evaporates on the hot surface as a Leidenfrost droplet in the magnetic fields. Then, the floated graphene flakes circulate inside the droplets. Due to the strain and temperature inside the droplets and external magnetic field (the magnet in heater-stirrer), the electronic structure of graphene is instantly changed. The changes are extremely rapid that the graphene flakes behave as a charged particle and also produce an internal magnetic field during their circulation. The internal magnetic field is measured by sensors. As the main accomplishment of this study, we could develop a simple method for inducing magnetism obtained 0.4 emu/g in the graphene, as magnetization saturation at room temperature, which is higher than the reported values. Another achievement of this work is the detection of the Leidenfrost droplets magnetic field, as an internal one which has obtained for the first time. To investigate magnetic graphene particles, the magnetization process, and the electronic structure of the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), magnetic field sensor, and Raman spectroscopy are used, respectively.
A diagnostic, monitoring, and predictive tool for patients with complex valvular, vascular and ventricular diseases
Authors: Keshavarz-Motamed Zahra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHemodynamics quantification is critically useful for accurate and early diagnosis, but we still lack proper diagnostic methods for many cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, as most interventions intend to recover the healthy condition, the ability to monitor and predict hemodynamics following interventions can have significant impacts on saving lives. Predictive methods are rare, enabling prediction of effects of interventions, allowing timely and personalized interventions and helping critical clinical decision making about life-threatening risks based on quantitative data. In this study, an innovative non-invasive imaged-based patient-specific diagnostic, monitoring and predictive tool (called C3VI-CMF) was developed, enabling quantifying (1) details of physiological flow and pressures through the heart and circulatory system; (2) heart function metrics. C3VI-CMF also predicts the breakdown of the effects of each disease constituents on the heart function. Presently, neither of these can be obtained noninvasively in patients and when invasive procedures are undertaken, the collected metrics cannot be by any means as complete as the ones C3VI-CMF provides. C3VI-CMF purposefully uses a limited number of noninvasive input parameters all of which can be measured using Doppler echocardiography and sphygmomanometer. Validation of C3VI-CMF, against cardiac catheterization in forty-nine patients with complex cardiovascular diseases, showed very good agreement with the measurements.
Usefulness of morphometric image analysis with Sirius Red to assess interstitial fibrosis after renal transplantation from uncontrolled circulatory death donors
Authors: Dao Myriam , Pouliquen Christelle , Duquesne Alyette , Posseme Katia , Mussini Charlotte , Durrbach Antoine , Guettier Catherine , François Hélène , Ferlicot Sophie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly interstitial fibrosis (IF) correlates with long-term renal graft dysfunction, highlighting the need for accurate quantification of IF. However, the currently used Banff classification exhibits some limitations. The aim of our study was to precisely describe the progression of IF after renal transplantation using a new morphometric image analysis method relying of Sirius Red staining. The morphometric analysis we developed showed high inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility, with ICC [95% IC] of respectively 0.75 [0.67–0.81] (n = 151) and 0.88 [0.72–0.95] (n = 21). We used this method to assess IF (mIF) during the first year after the kidney transplantation from 66 uncontrolled donors after circulatory death (uDCD). Both mIF and interstitial fibrosis (ci) according to the Banff classification significantly increased the first three months after transplantation. From M3 to M12, mIF significantly increased whereas Banff classification failed to highlight increase of ci. Moreover, mIF at M12 (p = 0.005) correlated with mean time to graft function recovery and was significantly associated with increase of creatininemia at M12 and at last follow-up. To conclude, the new morphometric image analysis method we developed, using a routine and cheap staining, may provide valuable tool to assess IF and thus to evaluate new sources of grafts.
Evaluation of micro-dosing fertilizer application on sorghum (Sorghum bicholor L) production at Wag-Lasta Areas of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Sebnie Workat , Mengesha Merse , Girmay Gebrehana , Feyisa Tesfaye , Asgedom Belaynesh , Beza Gashaw , Dejene Dereje 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil fertility management through inorganic fertilizer application in areas with moisture shortage needs due care. The fertilizer application fashion should vary from areas with ample moisture so that the plants can easily access and efficiently use it. Therefore, field experiment was conducted in 2014 and 2015 during the main cropping season under rain-fed condition to evaluate the effect of micro-dose application of N and P fertilizers on sorghum yield at Aybra and Shumshiha sites of Wag-Lasta areas in Amhara Region, Ethiopia where moisture shortage is acute. The treatments were comprised of a factorial combination of three levels of NP i.e. 1), 25% of the recommended NP = 10.25 kg N + 11.5 kg P2O5 ha−1, 2), 50% of the recommended NP = 20.5 kg N + 23 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 3), 75% of the recommended NP = 30.75 kg N + 34.75 kg P2O5 ha−1 and three N application times plus control (without fertilizer) and recommended NP (41 kg N ha−1 and 46 kg P2O5 ha−1). The experiment was laid down in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The fertilizers were applied to the spot where the seed was planted except for the recommended NP which was drilled to the planting rows right before planting. Phosphorus was applied at planting while nitrogen was applied in split as per the treatment setup. All soil and agronomic data were collected and analyzed following the standard procedures. The analysis of variance revealed that application of 30.75 kg N ha−1 and 34.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 (N applied 1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at emergence and 1/3 at 45 days after emergence) increased the grain yield by 122% over the control and 28.4% over the recommended NP and saves 25% of the recommended fertilizer at Aybra. While at Shumshiha-Lasta Lalibela, application of 20.5 kg N ha−1 and 23 kg P2O5 ha−1 (N applied 1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at emergence and 1/3 at 45 days after emergence) increased the grain yield by 174% over the control and 15% over the recommended NP and saves 50% of the recommended fertilizer. Therefore, micro-dosing application of 30.75 kg N ha−1 and 34.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 for Aybra-Sekota and of 20.5 kg N ha−1 and 23 kg P2O5 ha−1 for Shumshiha-Lasta Lalibela (N applied in three splits) are recommended for sorghum production.
Clinical Utility of Presacral Neurectomy as an Adjunct to Conservative Endometriosis Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies
Authors: Miller Larry E. , Bhattacharyya Ruemon , Miller Valerie M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this review was to compare the efficacy and safety of conservative surgery with or without adjunctive presacral neurectomy (PN) for chronic endometriosis-related pelvic pain. In a systematic review with meta-analysis, randomized or nonrandomized controlled studies of conservative endometriosis surgery with or without adjunctive PN were included. Main outcomes were treatment failure (the proportion of women in which surgery failed to adequately resolve midline pain) and the frequency of operative and postoperative complications. A total of 7 studies with 8 group comparisons (3 randomized) representing 503 women (250 PN; 253 Control) were included. Over 34 months median follow-up, crude rates of treatment failure were 15.0% with PN and 40.9% with Controls (risk ratio = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.60, p < 0.001). The risk of postoperative constipation was higher with PN vs. Controls (12.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.024). No treatment group differences were observed for the risk of operative complications (0.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.498), reoperation (4.1% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.758) or urinary incontinence (5.0% vs. 0%, p = 0.195). Overall, in well-selected patients, conservative surgery with adjunctive PN may provide greater relief from midline pain and a similarly low rate of operative complications relative to conservative surgery alone but may increase the risk of constipation postoperatively. However, results were derived from mainly older and lower quality studies. Since then, surgical techniques to treat endometriosis have been improved and the effect of PN observed in prior studies should be confirmed in future studies in women in whom radical excision of deep infiltrating lesions is obtained.
Cell free DNA from respiratory pathogens is detectable in the blood plasma of Cystic Fibrosis patients
Authors: Barrett Sara L. Rassoulian , Holmes Elizabeth A. , Long Dustin R. , Shean Ryan C. , Bautista Gilbert E. , Ravishankar Sumedha , Peddu Vikas , Cookson Brad T. , Singh Pradeep K. , Greninger Alexander L. , Salipante Stephen J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiagnostically informative microbial cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can be detected from blood plasma during fulminant infections such as sepsis. However, the potential for DNA from airway pathogens to enter the circulation of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients during chronic infective states has not yet been evaluated. We assessed whether patient blood contained measurable quantities of cfDNA from CF respiratory microorganisms by sequencing plasma from 21 individuals with CF recruited from outpatient clinics and 12 healthy controls. To account for possible contamination with exogenous microbial nucleic acids, statistical significance of microbe-derived read counts from CF patients was determined relative to the healthy control population. In aggregate, relative abundance of microbial cfDNA was nearly an order of magnitude higher in CF patients than in healthy subjects (p = 8.0×10−3). 15 of 21 (71%) CF patients demonstrated cfDNA from one or more relevant organisms. In contrast, none of the healthy subjects evidenced significant microbial cfDNA for any of the organisms examined. Concordance of cfDNA with standard microbiological culture of contemporaneously collected patient sputum was variable. Our findings provide evidence that cfDNA from respiratory pathogens are present in the bloodstream of most CF patients, which could potentially be exploited for the purposes of noninvasive clinical diagnosis.
Interplay between Cellular Uptake, Intracellular Localization and the Cell Death Mechanism in Triphenylamine-Mediated Photoinduced Cell Death
Authors: Chennoufi Rahima , Trinh Ngoc-Duong , Simon Françoise , Bordeau Guillaume , Naud-Martin Delphine , Moussaron Albert , Cinquin Bertrand , Bougherara Houcine , Rambaud Béatrice , Tauc Patrick , Frochot Céline , Teulade-Fichou Marie-Paule , Mahuteau-Betzer Florence , Deprez Eric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTriphenylamines (TPAs) were previously shown to trigger cell death under prolonged one- or two-photon illumination. Their initial subcellular localization, before prolonged illumination, is exclusively cytoplasmic and they translocate to the nucleus upon photoactivation. However, depending on their structure, they display significant differences in terms of precise initial localization and subsequent photoinduced cell death mechanism. Here, we investigated the structural features of TPAs that influence cell death by studying a series of molecules differing by the number and chemical nature of vinyl branches. All compounds triggered cell death upon one-photon excitation, however to different extents, the nature of the electron acceptor group being determinant for the overall cell death efficiency. Photobleaching susceptibility was also an important parameter for discriminating efficient/inefficient compounds in two-photon experiments. Furthermore, the number of branches, but not their chemical nature, was crucial for determining the cellular uptake mechanism of TPAs and their intracellular fate. The uptake of all TPAs is an active endocytic process but two- and three-branch compounds are taken up via distinct endocytosis pathways, clathrin-dependent or -independent (predominantly caveolae-dependent), respectively. Two-branch TPAs preferentially target mitochondria and photoinduce both apoptosis and a proper necrotic process, whereas three-branch TPAs preferentially target late endosomes and photoinduce apoptosis only.