bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the effects of an upgraded ‘fever clinic’ on COVID-19 control and the workload of emergency department: retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Wang Jiangshan , Zong Liang , Zhang Jinghong , Sun Han , Harold Walline Joseph , Sun Pengxia , Xu Shengyong , Li Yan , Wang Chunting , Liu Jihai , Li Fan , Xu Jun , Li Yi , Yu Xuezhong , Zhu Huadong 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveCOVID-19 started spreading widely in China in January 2020. Outpatient fever clinics (FCs), instituted during the SARS epidemic in 2003, were upgraded to serve for COVID-19 screening and prevention of disease transmission in large tertiary hospitals in China. FCs were hoped to relieve some of the healthcare burden from emergency departments (EDs). We aimed to evaluate the effect of upgrading the FC system on rates of nosocomial COVID-19 infection and ED patient attendance at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH).DesignA retrospective cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 6365 patients were screened in the FC.MethodsThe FC of PUMCH was upgraded on 20 January 2020. We performed a retrospective study of patients presenting to the FC between 12 December 2019 and 29 February 2020. The date when COVID-19 was declared an outbreak in Beijing was 20 January 2020. Two groups of data were collected and subsequently compared with each other: the first group of data was collected within 40 days before 20 January 2020; the second group of data was collected within 40 days after 20 January 2020. All necessary data, including patient baseline information, diagnosis, follow-up conditions and the transfer records between the FC and ED, were collected and analysed.Results6365 patients were screened in the FC, among whom 2912 patients were screened before 21 January 2020, while 3453 were screened afterward. Screening results showed that upper respiratory infection was the major disease associated with fever. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of patients who were transferred from the FC to the ED decreased significantly (39.21% vs 15.75%, p<0.001), and patients generally spent more time in the FC (55 vs 203 min, p<0.001), compared with before the outbreak. For critically ill patients waiting for their screening results, the total length of stay in the FC was 22 min before the outbreak, compared with 442 min after the outbreak (p<0.001). The number of in-hospital deaths of critically ill patients in the FC was 9 out of 29 patients before the outbreak and 21 out of 38 after the outbreak (p<0.05). Nineteen cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in the FC during the period of this study. However, no other patients nor any healthcare providers were cross-infected.ConclusionThe workload of the FC increased significantly after the COVID-19 outbreak. New protocols regarding the use of FC likely helped prevent the spread of COVID-19 within the hospital. The upgraded FC also reduced the burden on the ED.
Supporting self-management of low back pain with an internet intervention in primary care: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost-effectiveness (SupportBack 2)
Authors: Geraghty Adam W A , Roberts Lisa , Hill Jonathan , Foster Nadine E , Yardley Lucy , Hay Elaine , Stuart Beth , Turner David , Griffiths Gareth , Webley Frances , Durcan Lorraine , Morgan Alannah , Hughes Stephanie , Bathers Sarah , Butler-Walley Stephanie , Wathall Simon , Mansell Gemma , Leigh Linda , Little Paul 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionSelf-management and remaining physically active are first-line recommendations for the care of patients with low back pain (LBP). With a lifetime prevalence of up to 85%, novel approaches to support behavioural self-management are needed. Internet interventions may provide accessible support for self-management of LBP in primary care. The aim of this randomised controlled trial is to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the ‘SupportBack’ internet intervention, with or without physiotherapist telephone support in reducing LBP-related disability in primary care patients.Methods and analysisA three-parallel arm, multicentre randomised controlled trial will compare three arms: (1) usual primary care for LBP; (2) usual primary care for LBP and an internet intervention; (3) usual primary care for LBP and an internet intervention with additional physiotherapist telephone support. Patients with current LBP and no indicators of serious spinal pathology are identified and invited via general practice list searches and mailouts or opportunistic recruitment following LBP consultations. Participants undergo a secondary screen for possible serious spinal pathology and are then asked to complete baseline measures online after which they are randomised to an intervention arm. Follow-ups occur at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome is physical function (using the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire) over 12 months (repeated measures design). Secondary outcomes include pain intensity, troublesome days in pain over the last month, pain self-efficacy, catastrophising, kinesophobia, health-related quality of life and cost-related measures for a full health economic analysis. A full mixed-methods process evaluation will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by a National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (REC Ref: 18/SC/0388). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences, communication with practices and patient groups. Patient representatives will support the implementation of our full dissemination strategy.Trial registration numberISRCTN14736486.
Physicians’ views on the usefulness of practical tools for assessing the driving ability of older drivers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sebo Paul 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore Swiss physicians’ views on the usefulness of a self-administered questionnaire completed by older drivers before the consultation and a reference guide summarising current Swiss guidelines on the fitness-to-drive assessment of older drivers. We also aimed to assess the frequency with which physicians used the information sources provided by the Swiss traffic medicine website.DesignQuestionnaire-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was conducted in four cantons of Western Switzerland (Geneva, Vaud, Neuchâtel and Jura).ParticipantsAll physicians certified to carry out fitness-to-drive assessments in the canton of Geneva (medical assessors; n=69) and a random sample of 500 general practitioners practising in the cantons of Vaud, Neuchâtel and Jura were invited to participate. They were asked to report their estimated average number of fitness-to-drive assessments per week and to rate on a 5-point Likert scale the perceived usefulness of the preconsultation patient questionnaire and reference guide, and the frequency of use of the information sources provided by the traffic medicine website. We computed the proportion of physicians who found the assessment tools very/somewhat useful and the proportion of physicians who always/often used the traffic medicine website. We compared the responses according to medical specialty (medical assessors vs general practitioners) using design-basedFtests and weighted logistic regressions.Results268 physicians (47%) agreed to participate in the study. Their median number of assessments was 2 per week (IQR 2). Overall, the majority of physicians found the questionnaire (75%) and reference guide (89%) very/somewhat useful. Only 17% of the sample always/often used the traffic medicine website. There were no statistically significant associations in multivarible analysis between the medical specialty and the perceived usefulness of the questionnaire and reference guide and the frequency of use of the traffic medicine website.ConclusionMany physicians find the preconsultation patient questionnaire and reference guide useful to guide them for assessing the driving ability of older drivers, but only a minority regularly use the information sources provided by the traffic medicine website. Future studies should explore the reasons why many physicians do not use these available sources of information.
Clinical, CT and ultrasonographic features of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in a juvenile dog
Authors: Barczak Elzbieta , O'Connell Erin , Mortier Jeremy R 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYA nine‐month‐old female entire Rottweiler was presented for further investigation of progressive, symmetric facial swelling over the maxilla of four weeks duration. Biochemistry revealed severe azotaemia with hyperphosphataemia. CT revealed poor mineralisation of the facial and calvarial bones. The maxillary and palatine bones were replaced by proliferative, heterogeneous tissue of mixed soft tissue and granular mineral attenuating material. On ultrasound, parathyroid glands were enlarged and renal lesions suggestive of juvenile nephropathy were observed. Due to poor long‐term prognosis, the owner elected euthanasia. Necropsy confirmed generalised osteopenia and chronic kidney disease. Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed and should be considered a differential for bilateral facial swelling in young dogs.
Inversion of magnetic and frequency-domain electromagnetic data for investigating lithologies associated with gold mineralization in the Canadian Malartic area, Québec, Canada
Authors: Darijani Mehrdad , Farquharson Colin G. 
Published: August 2020

Canadian Malartic is an Archean low-grade bulk tonnage native gold deposit. The deposit is mostly located in altered clastic metasedimentary rocks, mafic–ultramafic dykes, and monzodioritic porphyry intrusions. Airborne magnetic and frequency-domain electromagnetic (EM) data were inverted to reconstruct the geological units associated with the mineralization, especially the intrusive masses. The 3-D inversion of magnetic data, which used a tetrahedral mesh to a depth of 2.4 km, shows that mafic volcanic rocks and iron formation rocks extend to depth in the area, more so than diabase dykes. The magnetic inversion also shows that the diorite and monzodiorite rocks of the Lac Fournière A pluton are dipping toward the south on its northern edge at the contact with the metasedimentary rocks. The 1-D inversion of the frequency-domain EM data, for both electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility, is able to reconstruct geological structures to a depth of approximately 100 m, providing more details and information about these features. The intrusive masses such as diabase dykes, diorite and monzodiorite rocks, and mafic volcanic rocks are reconstructed as electrically conductive structures in the inversion results. The metasedimentary rocks are resistive, and the overburden is conductive in most of the area. The geophysical data and inversion results suggest the presence of some features (such as diabase dykes and monzodiorite rocks) that are not yet present on some parts of the geology map. A comparison of the EM-derived susceptibility and the magnetic-derived susceptibility over the iron formations can reveal the effect of remanent magnetization.
Quasinormal modes and greybody factors of the novel four dimensional Gauss–Bonnet black holes in asymptotically de Sitter space time: scalar, electromagnetic and Dirac perturbations
Authors: Devi Saraswati , Roy Rittick , Chakrabarti Sayan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe find the low lying quasinormal mode frequencies of the recently proposed novel four dimensional Gauss–Bonnet de Sitter black holes for scalar, electromagnetic and Dirac field perturbations using the third order WKB approximation as well as Padé approximation, as an improvement over WKB. We figure out the effect of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling $$\alpha $$α and the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$Λ on the real and imaginary parts of the QNM frequencies. We also study the greybody factors and eikonal limits in the above background for all three different types of perturbations.
Association of Known Melanoma Risk Factors with Primary Melanoma of the Scalp and Neck
Authors: Wood Renee P. , Heyworth Jane S. , McCarthy Nina S. , Mauguen Audrey , Berwick Marianne , Thomas Nancy E. , Millward Michael J. , Anton-Culver Hoda , Cust Anne E. , Dwyer Terence , Gallagher Richard P. , Gruber Stephen B. , Kanetsky Peter A. , Orlow Irene , Rosso Stefano , Moses Eric K. , Begg Colin B. , Ward Sarah V. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Scalp and neck (SN) melanoma confers a worse prognosis than melanoma of other sites but little is known about its determinants. We aimed to identify associations between SN melanoma and known risk genes, phenotypic traits, and sun exposure patterns.

Methods:
Participants were cases from the Western Australian Melanoma Health Study (n = 1,200) and the Genes, Environment, and Melanoma Study (n = 3,280). Associations between risk factors and SN melanoma, compared with truncal and arm/leg melanoma, were investigated using binomial logistic regression. Facial melanoma was also compared with the trunk and extremities, to evaluate whether associations were subregion specific, or reflective of the whole head/neck region.

Results:
Compared with other sites, increased odds of SN and facial melanoma were observed in older individuals [SN: OR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92–1.80, Ptrend = 0.016; Face: OR = 4.57, 95% CI = 3.34–6.35, Ptrend &lt; 0.001] and those carrying IRF4-rs12203592*T (SN: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12–1.63, Ptrend = 0.002; Face: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.10–1.50, Ptrend = 0.001). Decreased odds were observed for females (SN: OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.37–0.64, P &lt; 0.001; Face: OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.53–0.82, P &lt; 0.001) and the presence of nevi (SN: OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49–0.89, P = 0.006; Face: OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.52–0.83, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
Differences observed between SN melanoma and other sites were also observed for facial melanoma. Factors previously associated with the broader head and neck region, notably older age, may be driven by the facial subregion. A novel finding was the association of IRF4-rs12203592 with both SN and facial melanoma.

Impact:
Understanding the epidemiology of site-specific melanoma will enable tailored strategies for risk factor reduction and site-specific screening campaigns.
Changes in HPV Seroprevalence from an Unvaccinated toward a Girls-Only Vaccinated Population in the Netherlands
Authors: Pasmans Hella , Hoes Joske , Tymchenko Liza , de Melker Hester E. , van der Klis Fiona R.M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
In the Netherlands, bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was included in the National Immunization Program for 12-year-old girls in 2010 (vaccination coverage, 45%–60%). We examined possible changes in HPV seroprevalence in the HPV-unvaccinated Dutch population aged 0–89 years, comparing prevaccination data with data of approximately 6 years after implementation of national vaccination.

Methods:
Serum samples of men and women were used from two cross-sectional population-based serosurveillance studies performed before (2006–07, n = 6,384) and after (2016–17, n = 5,645) implementation of HPV vaccination in the Netherlands. Seven high-risk HPV-specific antibodies (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) were tested in a virus-like particle-based multiplex immunoassay.

Results:
Type-specific HPV seroprevalence increased in women between 2006–07 and 2016–17. Also, a higher seroprevalence for at least one type in women &gt;15 years was found in 2016–17 (31.7%) compared with 2006–07 (25.2%). In men, overall HPV seroprevalence remained similar; however, a lower seroprevalence was found for HPV16 in 2016–17 (7.5%) compared with 2006–07 (10.6%).

Conclusions:
Our results indicate an increase in high-risk HPV types in women and a rather stable exposure in men. No clear effects of the strategy of girls-only vaccination were observed in men, probably because of the short time after introduction combined with suboptimal coverage.

Impact:
No herd immunity has been observed yet in a population with suboptimal HPV vaccination coverage.
Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Risk of Total and 19 Site-Specific Cancers: Cohort Study Analyses from the UK Biobank
Authors: Qian Frank , Huo Dezheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been implicated in several malignancies, but few studies have examined multiple cancers simultaneously. We sought to conduct systematic assessments of the association between IGF-1 and cancer risk.Methods:We conducted a prospective analysis between IGF-1 and incident total and 19 site-specific cancers among 412,645 individuals enrolled in the UK Biobank with follow-up to 2016. IGF-1 was measured using blood samples provided at the baseline examination. HR and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with multivariable-adjusted Cox models with IGF-1 modeled both in sex-specific quintiles and continuously.Results:Participants were followed for a median of 7.2 years. We observed positive associations between circulating IGF-1 and overall cancer risk for both men (HR = 1.03 per 5-nmol/L increment in IGF-1; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06) and women (HR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01–1.06). For specific sites, we observed positive associations for breast (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07–1.14), prostate (1.09; 95% CI, 1.05–1.12), colorectum (1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11), melanoma (1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15), kidney (1.10; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20), and thyroid (1.22; 95% CI, 1.05–1.42) and inverse associations for lung (0.91; 95% CI, 0.86–0.96), ovaries (0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.95), head and neck (0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.99), and liver (0.32; 95% CI, 0.26–0.38). The inverse association between IGF-1 and lung cancer was observed only in ever-smokers (HRever-smoker = 0.88 vs. HRnever-smoker = 1.14; Pinteraction = 0.0005). Analyses comparing extreme quintiles were consistent.Conclusions:IGF-1 is modestly associated with increased risk of total cancer in both men and women but demonstrated divergent associations for site-specific cancers.Impact:Our study suggests that IGF-1 could serve as a target for cancer prevention or treatment.
Targeting Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Restores BRAF Inhibitor Sensitivity in BRAFi-resistant Melanoma
Authors: Marusak Charles , Thakur Varsha , Li Yuan , Freitas Juliano T. , Zmina Patrick M. , Thakur Vijay S. , Chang Mayland , Gao Ming , Tan Jiufeng , Xiao Min , Lu Yiling , Mills Gordon B. , Flaherty Keith , Frederick Dennie T. , Miao Benchun , Sullivan Ryan J. , Moll Tabea , Boland Genevieve M. , Herlyn Meenhard , Zhang Gao , Bedogni Barbara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intriguing, yet understudied component of therapy resistance. Here, we investigated the role of ECM remodeling by the collagenase, MT1-MMP, in conferring resistance of v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF)-mutant melanoma to BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy.

Experimental Design:
Publicly available RNA-sequencing data and reverse phase protein array were used to determine the relevance of MT1-MMP upregulation in BRAFi-resistant melanoma in patients, patient-derived xenografts, and cell line–derived tumors. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of MT1-MMP, inhibition via the selective MT1-MMP/MMP2 inhibitor, ND322, or overexpression of MT1-MMP was used to assess the role of MT1-MMP in mediating resistance to BRAFi.

Results:
MT1-MMP was consistently upregulated in posttreatment tumor samples derived from patients upon disease progression and in melanoma xenografts and cell lines that acquired resistance to BRAFi. shRNA- or ND322-mediated inhibition of MT1-MMP synergized with BRAFi leading to resensitization of resistant cells and tumors to BRAFi. The resistant phenotype depends on the ability of cells to cleave the ECM. Resistant cells seeded in MT1-MMP uncleavable matrixes were resensitized to BRAFi similarly to MT1-MMP inhibition. This is due to the inability of cells to activate integrinβ1 (ITGB1)/FAK signaling, as restoration of ITGB1 activity is sufficient to maintain resistance to BRAFi in the context of MT1-MMP inhibition. Finally, the increase in MT1-MMP in BRAFi-resistant cells is TGFβ dependent, as inhibition of TGFβ receptors I/II dampens MT1-MMP overexpression and restores sensitivity to BRAF inhibition.

Conclusions:
BRAF inhibition results in a selective pressure toward higher expression of MT1-MMP. MT1-MMP is pivotal to an ECM-based signaling pathway that confers resistance to BRAFi therapy.
Algorithmic cinema and collective memory
Authors: Drew Jesse , Drew Glenda 
Published: August 2020

The Pixeldust project is a contributory, interactive video/audio/text engine that can be output to many different forms of exhibition. It is conceived of as a form of algorithmic filmmaking, that blends the aesthetics and visual power of cinema with the flexibility and mutability of computer programming. Written in the Processing language, the Pixeldust engine accepts photographic portraits, disassembles them into component pixels and particles that lie like dust in the bottom of the projected screen, then dramatically sweeps them up and crystallizes them into a complete portrait accompanied by the spoken word attributed to the portrayed person. Pixeldust is a platform that encourages individuals and communities to share their own examples of inspirational people.
Defining Endothelial Cell-Derived Factors That Promote Pericyte Recruitment and Capillary Network Assembly
Authors: Kemp Scott S. , Aguera Kalia N. , Cha Byeong , Davis George E. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
We sought to identify and investigate the functional role of the major endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors that control pericyte recruitment to EC tubes and pericyte-induced tube maturation during capillary network formation.

Approach and Results:
We identify PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-BB, PDGF-DD, ET (endothelin)-1, TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, and HB-EGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor), as the key individual and combined regulators of pericyte assembly around EC tubes. Using novel pericyte only assays, we demonstrate that PDGF-BB, PDGF-DD, and ET-1 are the primary direct drivers of pericyte invasion. Their addition to pericytes induces invasion as if ECs were present. In contrast, TGF-β and HB-EGF have minimal ability to directly stimulate pericyte invasion. In contrast, TGF-β1 can act as an upstream pericyte primer to stimulate invasion in response to PDGFs and ET-1. HB-EGF stimulates pericyte proliferation along with PDGFs and ET-1. Using EC-pericyte cocultures, individual, or combined blockade of these EC-derived factors, or their pericyte receptors, using neutralizing antibodies or chemical inhibitors, respectively, interferes with pericyte recruitment and proliferation. As individual factors, PDGF-BB and ET-1 have the strongest impact on these events. However, when the blocking reagents are combined to interfere with each of the above factors or their receptors, more dramatic and profound blockade of pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition occurs. Under these conditions, ECs form tubes that become much wider and less elongated as if pericytes were absent.

Conclusions:
Overall, these new studies define and characterize a functional role for key EC-derived factors controlling pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition during capillary network assembly.