bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Risk Of Bias due to Unreported and SelecTively included results in meta-analyses of nutrition research: the ROBUST study protocol
Authors: Page Matthew J. , Bero Lisa , Kroeger Cynthia M. , Dai Zhaoli , McDonald Sally , Forbes Andrew , McKenzie Joanne E. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Dietary guidelines should be informed by systematic reviews (SRs) of the available scientific evidence. However, if the SRs that underpin dietary guidelines are flawed in their design, conduct or reporting, the recommendations contained therein may be misleading or harmful. To date there has been little empirical investigation of bias due to selective inclusion of results, and bias due to missing results, in SRs of food/diet-outcome relationships. Objectives: To explore in SRs with meta-analyses of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes: (i) whether systematic reviewers selectively included study effect estimates in meta-analyses when multiple effect estimates were available; (ii) what impact selective inclusion of study effect estimates may have on meta-analytic effects, and; (iii) the risk of bias due to missing results (publication bias and selective non-reporting bias) in meta-analyses. Methods: We will systematically search for SRs with meta-analysis of the association between food/diet and health-related outcomes in a generally healthy population, published between January 2018 and June 2019. We will randomly sort titles and abstracts and screen them until we identify 50 eligible SRs. The first reported meta-analysis of a binary or continuous outcome in each SR (the ‘index meta-analysis’) will be evaluated. We will extract from study reports all study effect estimates that were eligible for inclusion in the index meta-analyses (e.g. from multiple instruments and time points) and will quantify and test for evidence of selective inclusion of results. We will also assess the risk of bias due to missing results in the index meta-analyses using a new tool (ROB-ME). Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval is not required because information will only be extracted from published studies. Dissemination of the results will be through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences. We will make all data collected from this study publicly available via the Open Science Framework.
Crop production under nitrogen starvation conditions: relationships with applied organic matter and soil microbial biomass
Authors: Oda Masato , Sukchan Uchada 
Published: February 2020

Background:The application of organic matter with a high C/N ratio is effective for the prevention of soil degradation, although this can cause nitrogen starvation. However, some fields are highly productive under nitrogen-starvation conditions. The underlying mechanisms for this are unclear but the correlation between soil microbial biomass (SMB) and crop yield suggests that nitrogen flows from SMB to crops. We aimed to clarify this flow and the source of nitrogen.Methods:We achieved nitrogen starvation conditions by applying waste mushroom bed and repeated lettuce cropping with different crop management practices, such as watering and fertilizer application. We analyzed correlations among crop yield, SMB, and total nitrogen.Results:The order of the lettuce yield stably corresponded with the management practice used. The SMB increased remarkably by the time of the second lettuce cropping and showed a strong correlation with crop yield. The nitrogen from the waste mushroom bed was lost by denitrification. The rate of decomposition showed no correlation with yield or SMB.Conclusions/Discussions:The crop yield corresponded with the management practice earlier than SMB. Namely, no nitrogen flow from SMB affected the crops. Furthermore, most applied nitrogen was denitrified, so the nitrogen flows of applied organic matter, SMB, and crops are independent. Therefore, the nitrogen source of both SMB and crops is biological fixation.The correlation between SMB and crop yield is not a causal relationship. The nitrogen source for both is nitrogen fixation. The application of organic matter enhances this by occurring nitrogen starvation but not providing a nitrogen source.
Case Report: Rare site for intraoral meningioma
Authors: Amer Hatem , Hafed Layla , Ibrahim Sally , Shaker Shady 
Published: February 2020

Extracranial meningioma is very rare with few cases reported, especially in the oral cavity. Its diagnosis considered a challenge owing to the unusual site of occurrence. We report, to our knowledge, the first case of extra-cranial meningioma as a primary tumor in the palate with no detected intracranial extension. A 59-year-old female Egyptian patientpresented with a 22-year history of a large painless swelling at the right side of the palate, which could not be seen on radiographs. An incisional biopsy was taken and, after assessment with a panel of immunohistochemical markers, the lesion wasdiagnosed as extracranical meningioma. The patient did not show up for surgical excision and follow-up was not performed because of loose of contact with the patient.Intraoral meningioma is a rare unsuspected tumor. Immuohistochemical markers are important when confirming this diagnosis.
Checklists to guide the supportive and critical care of tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Donovan Joseph , Rohlwink Ursula K. , Tucker Elizabeth W. , Hiep Nguyen Thi Thu , Thwaites Guy E. , Figaji Anthony A. ,   Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium
Published: February 2020

The assessment and management of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is often complex, yet no standardised approach exists, and evidence for the clinical care of patients, including those with critical illness, is limited. The roles of proformas and checklists are increasing in medicine; proformas provide a framework for a thorough approach to patient care, whereas checklists offer a priority-based approach that may be applied to deteriorating patients in time-critical situations. We aimed to develop a comprehensive assessment proforma and an accompanying ‘priorities’ checklist for patients with TBM, with the overriding goal being to improve patient outcomes. The proforma outlines what should be asked, checked, or tested at initial evaluation and daily inpatient review to assist supportive clinical care for patients, with an adapted list for patients in critical care. It is accompanied by a supporting document describing why these points are relevant to TBM. Our priorities checklist offers a useful and easy reminder of important issues to review during a time-critical period of acute patient deterioration. The benefit of these documents to patient outcomes would require investigation; however, we hope they will promote standardisation of patient assessment and care, particularly of critically unwell individuals, in whom morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high.
Optimizing G6PD testing for Plasmodium vivax case management: why sex, counseling, and community engagement matter
Authors: Chu Cindy S , Bancone Germana , Kelley Maureen , Advani Nicole , Domingo Gonzalo J , Cutiongo-de la Paz Eva M , van der Merwe Nicole , Cohen Jessica , Gerth-Guyette Emily 
Published: February 2020

Safe access to the most effective treatment options for Plasmodium vivax malaria are limited by the absence of accurate point-of-care testing to detect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the most common human genetic disorder. G6PD-deficient patients are at risk of life-threatening hemolysis when exposed to 8-aminoquinolines, the only class of drugs efficacious against P. vivax hypnozoites. Until recently, only qualitative tests were available in most settings. These accurately identify patients with severe G6PD deficiency (mostly male) but not patients with intermediate G6PD deficiency (always female). This has led to and reinforced a gap in awareness in clinical practice of the risks and implications of G6PD deficiency in females—who, unlike males, can have a heterozygous genotype for G6PD. Increasing recognition of the need for radical cure of P. vivax, first for patients’ health and then for malaria elimination, is driving the development of new point-of-care tests for G6PD deficiency and their accessibility to populations in low-resource settings. The availability of simple, affordable, and accurate point-of-care diagnostics for the precise classification of the three G6PD phenotypes can reduce sex-linked disparities by ensuring safe and effective malaria treatment, providing opportunities to develop supportive counseling to enhance understanding of genetic test results, and improving the detection of all G6PD deficiency phenotypes in newborns and their family members.
СРЕДСТВА СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭКСПРЕССИИ В ПОЭТИКЕ РОМАНА Т. ЯУДА «ПОЛНЫЙ ИДИОТ»
Authors: Kravchenko Vladimir Ilich , Marchenko Svetlana Yevgheniyevna 
Published: February 2020

В настоящей статье рассматриваются средства стилистической экспрессии, которые определяют поэтику романа современного немецкого писателя Томми Яуда «Полный идиот». Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что данный роман, переведённый уже и на русский язык, ещё не подвергался целенаправленному литературоведческому и стилистическому анализу, а был лишь объектом библиографических рецензий.Цель. Статья описывает исследование, цель которого была выявить наиболее частотные стилистические средства, выражающие своеобразие художественного мира и мироощущение героя романа.Метод или методология проведения работы. Применялся нами: общенаучный метод количественного анализа, основанный на подсчёте наиболее частотных, ведущих средств стилистической экспрессии; частный метод «слова-образ» для выявления образного потенциала того или иного выявленного компонента стилистики.Результаты. Выявлено, что саркастический характер повествования, отношения протагониста к окружающей его действительности выражается чаще в ироническом тексте, в котором одновременно возникает два, а порой и более двух смыслов, при этом они либо сосуществуют, либо подменяют друг друга. Количественный анализ показывает, что частотность стилистических приёмов, таких как гротеск, гипербола, ирония и сарказм особенно сильна в первой трети романа, в дальнейшем настроение героя меняется, отношение к окружающим смягчается и это находит отражение и в степени применимости указанных выше средств экспрессии. Ко концу книги, когда приближается день рождение героя и им опять овладевает депрессия, снова наблюдается количественное увеличение средств иронической и саркастической экспрессии.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в сфере анализа художественной речи и литературного произведения.
Recalcitrant methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusinfection of bone cells: Intracellular penetration and control strategies
Authors: Yu Kristin , Song Lee , Kang Hyunwoo Paco , Kwon Hyuk-Kwon , Back Jungho , Lee Francis Y. 
Published: February 2020

AimsTo characterize the intracellular penetration of osteoblasts and osteoclasts by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the antibiotic and detergent susceptibility of MRSA in bone.MethodsTime-lapse confocal microscopy was used to analyze the interaction of MRSA strain USA300 with primary murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effects of early and delayed antibiotic treatments on intracellular and extracellular bacterial colony formation and cell death were quantified. We tested the effects of cefazolin, gentamicin, vancomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, and ampicillin, as well as agents used in surgical preparation and irrigation.ResultsMRSA infiltrated bone-resident cells within 15 to 30 minutes. Penetration was most effectively prevented with early (i.e. 30 minutes) antibiotic administration. The combined administration of rifampicin with other antibiotics potentiated their protective effects against MRSA-induced cytotoxicity and most significantly reduced extracellular bacterial bioburden. Gentamicin-containing compounds were most effective in reducing intracellular MRSA bioburden. Of the surgical preparation agents evaluated, betadine reduced in vitro MRSA growth to the greatest extent.ConclusionThe standard of care for open fractures involves debridement and antibiotics within the first six hours of injury but does not account for the window in which bacteria penetrate cells. Antibiotics must be administered as early as possible after injury or prior to incision to prevent intracellular infestation. Rifampicin can potentiate the capacity of antibiotic regimens to reduce MRSA-induced cytotoxicity. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(2):49–59.
Hg-Pb binary heavy metals interaction study with Humic Acid: monitoring by FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Terkhi Mohamed Cherif , Ghezzar Mouffok Redouane , Addou Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

<p>This work shows that infrared spectroscopy is an easy and fast analytical technique for monitoring the behavior of the humic acids Fluka and Leonardite in contact with binary solutions of mercury and lead. Given the complexity of the structure of humic acid, the experiments were carried out on simple model molecules.<strong></strong></p><p>The spectra showed a shift (30 cm<sup>-1</sup>) of the antisymmetric stretching vibration band from the carboxylate function -COO<sup>-</sup> from 1590 to 1560 cm<sup>-1</sup> for the humic acids Fluka-binary solution interaction. In the case of mercury alone, the shift was of 40 cm<sup>-1</sup>, it can be seen that this shift has dropped by 10cm<sup>-1</sup>, which proves that the cationic exchange becomes more difficult.<strong></strong></p><p>We have confirmed that the affinity is due to the ionic radius, the reduction potential and the ionic potential. We reinforced this by a fourth parameter which is the frequency separations between the-COO<sup>-</sup> antisymmetric and symmetric stretches (Dn<sub>as-s</sub>). We have found thatDn<sub>as-s </sub>is strongly related to the type of fixed metal. The spectra also showed the variation of the intensity of the C=O elongation vibration band of the carboxylic function -COOH up to 1610 cm<sup>-1</sup> for the Leonardite humic acid-binary interaction. The high concentration of the binary solution did not result in the total disappearance of the C=O band as in the Leonardite humic acid-mercury alone interaction study. This proves that some carboxylic sites are not accessible to Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions.</p>
Linear isolators using wavelength conversion
Authors: Abdelsalam Kamal , Li Tengfei , Khurgin Jacob B. , Fathpour Sasan 
Published: February 2020

Optical isolators, reliably integrated on-chip, are crucial components
for a wide range of optical systems and applications. We introduce a
new class of wideband nonmagnetic and linear optical isolators based
on nonlinear frequency conversion and spectral filtering among the
pump, signal, and idler wavelengths. The scheme is experimentally
demonstrated using difference-frequency generation in periodically
poled thin-film lithium niobate integrated devices and short- and
long-pass optical filters. We demonstrate a wide bandwidth of more
than 150 nm, limited only by the measurement setup, and an optical
isolation ratio of up to 18 dB for the involved idler and signal
waves. The difference of transmittance at the signal wavelength
between forward and backward propagation is 40 dB. We also discuss
pathways for substantial isolation improvement using appropriate
anti-reflection coatings. The integrable isolator, operating in the
telecommunication band, is characterized by a perfectly linear output
versus input power dependence and can be incorporated into high-speed
telecom and datacom systems as well as a variety of other
applications.
Lemmy Kilmister and milk from Finland: On remembering, online spaces and corporate branding
Authors: Karjalainen Toni-Matti , Tienari Janne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article, we show how new (social) media dynamics condition the way remembering and mourning play out online. We analyse commenting with regard to the Finnish dairy-product company Valio’s advertisement-turned-tribute to rock idol Lemmy Kilmister, who had passed away some days earlier. Our study shows that ambiguous and fluid power relations in online spaces can sustain facile and simplified corporate messages. We offer an example of how the context of representation shifts in online exchanges and highlight how local repertoires of meaning making are overpowered by universal myths. This offers a new perspective to metal music studies. More generally, our study elucidates contextual shifts as one of the ways in which contemporary capitalism operates as consumers such as metal music fans are engaged in co-production of corporate brand meanings.
Slayer and psychoanalysis
Authors: Copilaș Emanuel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using Freud and Lacan, this article proposes a psychoanalytic approach to the thrash metal band Slayer. It particularly focuses on the band’s engagement with violence and perversion. The article starts by analysing Slayer in Freudian terms, as a symptom of the discontent existing in western civilization and it advances further to using Lacan, taking into account concepts like expression, conceptualization, repression and signifying chains, among others, in order to reach the conclusion that Slayer’s revolt against present-day society is not so much a revolt as an unconscious expression of its symbolic order.
Adjuvant Treatment of Older Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Crawford Jeffrey 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Although advances in the molecular biology of lung cancer have rapidly impacted management of patients with advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the principal treatment in the adjuvant setting of early stage NSCLC remains platinum-based chemotherapy regimens. The evidence available from clinical trials demonstrates a similar benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in fit, older patients as well as younger patients. Observational studies suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy for older patients provides comparable survival benefit, along with increased toxicity. The lower use of chemotherapy in the older population also suggests that the selection of appropriate patients remains an important part of the decision process. Carboplatin therapy may be substituted for cisplatin in selected older patients, and different options exist for the second cytotoxic chemotherapy agent. As in all patients, and particularly in this vulnerable population receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, supportive care is vital. Increasing enrollment of the older population in clinical trials will be important to improve the evidence for our decision-making in the future.
Biologicals in the Upfront Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: Focus on Bevacizumab and Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
Authors: Roux Rene , Zweifel Martin , Rustin Gordon J. S. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Biologicals have made a major impact in the management of several cancers, but have hitherto had a negligible impact in ovarian cancer. Fortunately, ovarian cancer has been much more sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy than many cancers, so treatments were still available. However, improvements are required as more than 80% of patients who present with advanced ovarian cancer eventually will die as a result of their disease. The antiangiogenic antibody bevacizumab and the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib have recently been shown to improve progression-free survival of patients with ovarian cancer with better hazard ratios in certain groups than have been seen previously.
Application of Genomic and Proteomic Technologies in Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Fertig Elana J. , Slebos Robbert , Chung Christine H. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Sequencing of the human genome was completed in 2001. Building on the technology and experience of whole-exome sequencing, numerous cancer genomes have been sequenced, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in 2011. Although DNA sequencing data reveals a complex genome with numerous mutations, the biologic interaction and clinical significance of the overall genetic aberrations are largely unknown. Comprehensive analyses of the tumors using genomics and proteomics beyond sequencing data can potentially accelerate the rate and number of biomarker discoveries to improve biology-driven classification of tumors for prognosis and patient selection for a specific therapy. In this review, we will summarize the current genomic and proteomic technologies, general biomarker-discovery paradigms using the technology and published data in HNSCC—including potential clinical applications and limitations.
Therapeutic Advances in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: The Role of New-Small Molecule Inhibitors
Authors: Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The discovery that a somatic point mutation (JAK2V617F) in the Janus kinase 2 ( JAK2) is highly prevalent in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has been a crucial breakthrough in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these diseases. Therefore, preclinical and clinical research in recent years has focused intensely on the development of new therapies targeted to JAK2. These efforts culminated in recent approval of ruxolitinib as the first official therapy for patients with intermediate- or high-risk myelofibrosis (MF). Therapy with JAK2 inhibitors substantially improves quality of life and reduces organomegaly in MF with or without JAKV617F mutation. Recent results suggest that patients with advanced MF may live longer when receiving therapy with ruxolitinib. However, JAK2 inhibitors do not eliminate the disease and new medications are needed to expand on the benefits seen with JAK2 inhibitors. Although many agents are still in the early stages of development, the wealth of publications and presentations has continued to support our growing understanding of the pathophysiology of MF as well as the potential short- and long-term outcomes of these new and diverse approaches to treatment. Focus of ongoing efforts is particularly on the improvements in anemia and fibrosis, as well as on rational combination trials of JAK2 inhibitors and other potentially active agents. Therapeutic potential and limitations of JAK2 inhibitors and other novel medications in clinical studies are reviewed.
A Review of the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Standard Therapy and a Look to New Targets
Authors: Zhu Andrew X. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be challenging, but new treatment options are evolving. A multidisciplinary evaluation will help make the best treatment decisions for each patient. Although we continue to improve the outcomes of curative treatment with resection, liver transplant, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), many new liver-directed regional therapies including drug-eluting beads, radioembolization, and radiation are emerging. Sorafenib remains the only approved agent for advanced HCC, and its role in the adjuvant setting following resection or RFA, with transarterial chemoembolization, or in combination with other targeted agents or chemotherapy in the advanced stage is under investigation. Many molecularly targeted agents with novel mechanisms of action are under active development.