bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of maternal insulin resistance throughout pregnancy on neonatal adiposity
Authors: Lima Rodrigo A. , Desoye Gernot , Simmons David , Devlieger Roland , Galjaard Sander , Corcoy Rosa , Adelantado Juan M. , Dunne Fidelma , Harreiter Jürgen , Kautzky‐Willer Alexandra , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Jensen Dorte M. , Andersen Lise‐Lotte T. , Tanvig Mette , Lapolla Annunziata , Dalfra Maria G. , Bertolotto Alessandra , Manta Urszula , Wender‐Ozegowska Ewa , Zawiejska Agnieszka , Hill David J. , Snoek Frank J. , Jelsma Judith G. M. , van Poppel Mireille 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough previous studies evaluated the association of maternal health parameters with neonatal adiposity, little is known regarding the complexity of the relationships among different maternal health parameters throughout pregnancy and its impact on neonatal adiposity.ObjectivesTo evaluate the direct and indirect associations between maternal insulin resistance during pregnancy, in women with obesity, and neonatal adiposity. In addition, associations between maternal fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and neonatal adiposity were also assessed.MethodsThis is a longitudinal, secondary analysis of the DALI study, an international project conducted in nine European countries with pregnant women with obesity. Maternal insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), fasting glucose, TG, and NEFA were measured three times during pregnancy (<20, 24‐28, and 35‐37 weeks of gestation). Offspring neonatal adiposity was estimated by the sum of four skinfolds. Structural equation modelling was conducted to evaluate the direct and indirect relationships among the variables of interest.ResultsData on 657 mother‐infant pairs (50.7% boys) were analysed. Neonatal boys exhibited lower mean sum of skinfolds compared to girls (20.3 mm, 95% CI 19.7, 21.0 vs 21.5 mm, 95% CI 20.8, 22.2). In boys, maternal HOMA‐IR at <20 weeks was directly associated with neonatal adiposity (β = 0.35 mm, 95% CI 0.01, 0.70). In girls, maternal HOMA‐IR at 24‐28 weeks was only indirectly associated with neonatal adiposity, which implies that this association was mediated via maternal HOMA‐IR, glucose, triglycerides, and NEFA during pregnancy (β = 0.26 mm, 95% CI 0.08, 0.44).ConclusionsThe timing of the role of maternal insulin resistance on neonatal adiposity depends on fetal sex. Although the association was time‐dependent, maternal insulin resistance was associated with neonatal adiposity in both sexes.
Instrumental Variable Methods using Dynamic Interventions
Authors: Mauro Jacqueline A. , Kennedy Edward H. , Nagin Daniel 
Published: April 2020

SummaryRecent work on dynamic interventions has greatly expanded the range of causal questions that researchers can study. Simultaneously, this work has weakened identifying assumptions, yielding effects that are more practically relevant. Most work in dynamic interventions to date has focused on settings where we directly alter some unconfounded treatment of interest. In policy analysis, decision makers rarely have this level of control over behaviours or access to experimental data. Instead, they are often faced with treatments that they can affect only indirectly and whose effects must be learned from observational data. We propose new estimands and estimators of causal effects based on dynamic interventions with instrumental variables. This method does not rely on parametric models and does not require an experiment. Instead, we estimate the effect of treatment induced by a dynamic intervention on an instrument. This robustness should reassure policy makers that these estimates can be used to inform policy effectively. We demonstrate the usefulness of this estimation strategy in a case-study examining the effect of visitation on recidivism.
General soliton and (semi‐)rational solutions to the nonlocal Mel'nikov equation on the periodic background
Authors: Li Ming , Fu Heming , Wu Chengfa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the Hirota's bilinear method and Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili hierarchy reduction method are applied to construct soliton, line breather and (semi‐)rational solutions to the nonlocal Mel'nikov equation with nonzero boundary conditions. These solutions are expressed as Gram‐type determinants. When N is even, soliton, line breather and (semi‐)rational solutions on the constant background are derived while these solutions are located on the periodic background for odd N. Regularity of these solutions and their connections with the local Mel'nikov equation are analyzed for proper choices of parameters that appear in the solutions. The dynamics of the solutions are discussed in detail. All possible configurations of soliton and lump solutions are found for . Several interesting dynamical behaviors of semi‐rational solutions are observed. It is shown that certain lumps may exhibit fusion and fission phenomena during their interactions with solitons while some lump may change its direction of movement after it collides with solitons.
Evidence for mixed contribution of mantle and lower and upper crust to the genesis of Jurassic I-type granites from Macao, SE China
Authors: Quelhas Pedro , Mata João , Dias Ágata Alveirinho 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Much controversy has occurred in the past few decades regarding the nature of the sources, the petrogenetic processes, and the tectonic regime(s) of the Jurassic magmatism within the Southeast China magmatic belt. This study aims to contribute to the discussion with mineral chemistry, and whole-rock element and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopic geochemical data from granitic rocks and microgranular mafic enclaves from Macao, where two discrete groups of I-type biotite granites have been identified (referred to as Macao Group I [MGI] and Macao Group II [MGII]). It is proposed that the granitic magmas were generated by partial melting of infracrustal medium- to high-K, basaltic Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic protoliths (Nd depleted mantle model age [TDM2] = 1.7–1.6 Ga and Hf TDM2 = 1.8–1.6 Ga), triggered by underplating of hot mantle-derived magmas in an extensional setting related to the foundering of a previously flat slab (paleo–Pacific plate) beneath the SE China continent. The main differences between the two groups of Macao granites are attributed to assimilation and fractional crystallization processes, during which upper-crustal Paleozoic metasediments were variably assimilated by MGI magmas. This is evidenced by an increase in initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios with degree of evolution, presence of metasedimentary enclaves, and high percentage of zircon xenocrysts with Paleozoic ages. In addition, other processes like late-stage fluid/melt interaction and magma mixing also left some imprints on granite compositions (rare earth element tetrad effect plus non–charge-and-radius-controlled behavior of trace elements and decoupling between different isotope systems, respectively). The distribution of isotopically distinct granites in SE China reflects the nature of the two Cathaysia crustal blocks juxtaposed along the Zhenghe-Dapu fault.
Hepatic insulin clearance is increased in patients with high HbA1c type 2 diabetes: a preliminary report
Authors: Okura Tsuyoshi , Fujioka Yohei , Nakamura Risa , Anno Mari , Ito Yuichi , Kitao Sonoko , Matsumoto Kazuhisa , Shoji Kyoko , Sumi Keisuke , Matsuzawa Kazuhiko , Izawa Shoichiro , Okura Hiroko , Ueta Etsuko , Noma Hisashi , Kato Masahiko , Imamura Takeshi , Taniguchi Shin-Ichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionHepatic insulin clearance (HIC) is an important pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. HIC was reported to decrease in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. However, hyperglycemia was suggested to enhance HIC, and it is not known whether poorly controlled diabetes increases HIC in patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether HIC was increased in patients with poorly controlled diabetes, and whether HIC was associated with insulin resistance and incretins.Research design and methodsWe performed a meal tolerance test and the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp in 21 patients with type 2 diabetes. We calculated the postprandial C-peptide area under the curve (AUC)-to-insulin AUC ratio as the HIC; measured fasting and postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon levels and analyzed serum adiponectin and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) gene polymorphism.ResultsThe HIC significantly correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r_S=0.58, p<0.01). In patients with high HIC above the median of 6.5, the mean HbA1c was significantly higher compared with low HIC below the median. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-beta (r_S=−0.77, p<0.01) and HOMA-IR (r_S=−0.66, p<0.005) were correlated with HIC. The M/I value in the clamp study was correlated with HIC. GLP-1-AUC and GIP-AUC were not correlated with HIC. Glucagon-AUC was negatively correlated with HIC, but there were no significant differences between the high and low HIC groups. Adiponectin was positively correlated with HIC. The ZnT8 gene polymorphism did not affect HIC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that HIC was increased in patients with high HbA1c type 2 diabetes, low insulin secretion, low insulin resistance and high adiponectin conditions.
Practical actions for fostering cross-disciplinary global health research: lessons from a narrative literature review
Authors: Ding Yan , Pulford Justin , Bates Imelda 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionGlobal health research involves disciplines within and beyond the health sciences. A cross-disciplinary collaborative research approach enables an interchange of knowledge and experience and stimulates innovative responses to complex health challenges. However, there is little robust evidence to guide the design and implementation of cross-disciplinary research in global health, hampering effective collective action. This review synthesised evidence on practical actions for fostering cross-disciplinary research to provide guidance on the design and implementation of research in global health.MethodsWe searched five electronic databases using key words. The search included original research and research notes articles in English. We used a framework adapted from the socio-ecological model and thematic synthesis for data analysis.ResultsThirty-six original research and 27 research notes articles were included in the review. These were predominantly from high-income countries and indicated that practical actions on fostering cross-disciplinary research are closely linked to leadership and teamwork which should be planned and implemented at research team and institutional levels. The publications also indicated that individual qualities such as being receptive to new ideas and funders’ power and influence have practical implications for conducting cross-disciplinary research. Practical actions that individuals, research team leaders, academic institutions and funders can undertake to foster cross-disciplinary research were identified.ConclusionOur review found evidence from high-income countries, not low-and-middle-income countries, about practices that can improve cross-disciplinary research in global health. Critical knowledge gaps exist around how leadership and teamwork processes can better integrate expertise from different disciplines to make cross-disciplinary research more effective.
Comparative evaluation of quality of diabetes care within a population using discrete HbA1c thresholds versus longitudinal trends within a defined time period
Authors: Sadera Rohan , Wijeratne Sethsiri , Baskar Varadarajan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHbA1c is a quality measurement for a population’s diabetes care. Currently, discrete values are used to judge the care quality. However, an improved trend may have been achieved without reaching a discrete threshold. We aimed to compare the quality of glycaemic care using discrete thresholds versus longitudinal trends of a patient’s HbA1c.MethodsWe derived a study population of 4062 with two consecutive HbA1c’s within 1–6 months. We used current discrete thresholds and then used these to define the longitudinal thresholds (the change in HbA1c between the first and second measurement).ResultsWe found that even with discrete thresholds, overall care was improving with 61% (Excellent care), 13% (Good care), 13% (Average care) and 13% (Poor care) turning into 68%, 12%, 11% and 9%, respectively (χ² 3335, p&lt;0.0001). Using longitudinal trends shows a greater improvement of care with the original values achieving 74%, 7%, 9%, 7% and 4%, respectively (χ² 4111.3, p&lt;0.0001). There was an additional 28% (Good care), 15% (Average care) and 12% (Poor and Very poor care) who with longitudinal trends improved to an excellent category without being identified as such.ConclusionOur study highlights the need to consider longitudinal trends when measuring quality of diabetes care.
Scale setting for $$N_\mathrm{f}=3+1$$ QCD
Authors: Höllwieser Roman , Knechtli Francesco , Korzec Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present the scale setting for a new set of gauge configurations generated with $$N_\mathrm{f}=3+1$$Nf=3+1 Wilson quarks with a non-perturbatively determined clover coefficient in a massive O(a) improvement scheme. The three light quarks are degenerate, with the sum of their masses being equal to its value in nature and the charm quark has its physical mass. We use open boundary conditions in time direction to avoid the problem of topological freezing at small lattice spacings and twisted-mass reweighting for improved stability of the simulations. The decoupling of charm at low energy allows us to set the scale by measuring the value of the low-energy quantity $$t_0^\star /a^2$$t0⋆/a2, which is the flow scale $$t_0$$t0 at our mass point, and comparing it to an $$N_\mathrm{f}=2+1$$Nf=2+1 result in physical units. We present the details of the algorithmic setup and tuning procedure and give the bare parameters of ensembles with two lattice spacings $$a=0.054$$a=0.054fm and $$a=0.043$$a=0.043fm. We discuss finite volume effects and lattice artifacts and present physical results for the charmonium spectrum. In particular the hyperfine splitting between the $$\eta _c$$ηc and $$J/\psi $$J/ψ mesons agrees very well with its physical value.
Synthetic mean-field interactions in photonic lattices
Authors: Duncan Callum W. , Hartmann Michael J. , Thomson Robert R. , Öhberg Patrik 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Photonic lattices are usually considered to be limited by their lack of methods to include interactions. We address this issue by introducing mean-field interactions through optical components which are external to the photonic lattice. The proposed technique to realise mean-field interacting photonic lattices relies on a Suzuki-Trotter decomposition of the unitary evolution for the full Hamiltonian. The technique realises the dynamics in an analogous way to that of a step-wise numerical implementation of quantum dynamics, in the spirit of digital quantum simulation. It is a very versatile technique which allows for the emulation of interactions that do not only depend on inter-particle separations or do not decay with particle separation. We detail the proposed experimental scheme and consider two examples of interacting phenomena, self-trapping and the decay of Bloch oscillations, that are observable with the proposed technique.

Graphical abstract
The Role of Nonglycolytic Glucose Metabolism in Myocardial Recovery Upon Mechanical Unloading and Circulatory Support in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Badolia Rachit , Ramadurai Dinesh K.A. , Abel E. Dale , Ferrin Peter , Taleb Iosif , Shankar Thirupura S. , Krokidi Aspasia Thodou , Navankasattusas Sutip , McKellar Stephen H. , Yin Michael , Kfoury Abdallah G. , Wever-Pinzon Omar , Fang James C. , Selzman Craig H. , Chaudhuri Dipayan , Rutter Jared , Drakos Stavros G. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Significant improvements in myocardial structure and function have been reported in some patients with advanced heart failure (termed responders [R]) following left ventricular assist device (LVAD)–induced mechanical unloading. This therapeutic strategy may alter myocardial energy metabolism in a manner that reverses the deleterious metabolic adaptations of the failing heart. Specifically, our previous work demonstrated a post-LVAD dissociation of glycolysis and oxidative-phosphorylation characterized by induction of glycolysis without subsequent increase in pyruvate oxidation through the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this dissociation are not well understood. We hypothesized that the accumulated glycolytic intermediates are channeled into cardioprotective and repair pathways, such as the pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism, which may mediate myocardial recovery in R.

Methods:
We prospectively obtained paired left ventricular apical myocardial tissue from nonfailing donor hearts as well as R and nonresponders at LVAD implantation (pre-LVAD) and transplantation (post-LVAD). We conducted protein expression and metabolite profiling and evaluated mitochondrial structure using electron microscopy.

Results:
Western blot analysis shows significant increase in rate-limiting enzymes of pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism in post-LVAD R (post-R) as compared with post-LVAD nonresponders (post-NR). The metabolite levels of these enzyme substrates, such as sedoheptulose-6-phosphate (pentose phosphate pathway) and serine and glycine (1-carbon metabolism) were also decreased in Post-R. Furthermore, post-R had significantly higher reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels, reduced reactive oxygen species levels, improved mitochondrial density, and enhanced glycosylation of the extracellular matrix protein, α-dystroglycan, all consistent with enhanced pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism that correlated with the observed myocardial recovery.

Conclusions:
The recovering heart appears to direct glycolytic metabolites into pentose-phosphate pathway and 1-carbon metabolism, which could contribute to cardioprotection by generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to enhance biosynthesis and by reducing oxidative stress. These findings provide further insights into mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of glycolysis induction during the recovery of failing human hearts after mechanical unloading.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in European Population Cohorts for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure, Their Subsequent Onset, and Death
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Niiranen Teemu J. , Gianfagna Francesco , Vishram‐Nielsen Julie K. K. , Costanzo Simona , Söderberg Stefan , Ojeda Francisco M. , Vartiainen Erkki , Donati Maria Benedetta , Magnussen Christina , Di Castelnuovo Augusto , Camen Stephan , Kontto Jukka , Koenig Wolfgang , Blankenberg Stefan , de Gaetano Giovanni , Linneberg Allan , Jørgensen Torben , Zeller Tanja , Kuulasmaa Kari , Tunstall‐Pedoe Hugh , Hughes Maria , Iacoviello Licia , Salomaa Veikko , Schnabel Renate B. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Differences in risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are incompletely understood. Aim of this study was to understand whether risk factors and biomarkers show different associations with incident AF and HF and to investigate predictors of subsequent onset and mortality.

Methods and Results
In N=58 693 individuals free of AF/HF from 5 population‐based European cohorts, Cox regressions were used to find predictors for AF, HF, subsequent onset, and mortality. Differences between associations were estimated using bootstrapping. Median follow‐up time was 13.8 years, with a mortality of 15.7%. AF and HF occurred in 5.0% and 5.4% of the participants, respectively, with 1.8% showing subsequent onset. Age, male sex, myocardial infarction, body mass index, and NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide) showed similar associations with both diseases. Antihypertensive medication and smoking were stronger predictors of HF than AF. Cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) were associated with HF, but not with AF. No variable was exclusively associated with AF. Population‐attributable risks were higher for HF (75.6%) than for AF (30.9%). Age, male sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and NT‐proBNP were associated with subsequent onset, which was associated with the highest all‐cause mortality risk.

Conclusions
Common risk factors and biomarkers showed different associations with AF and HF, and explained a higher proportion of HF than AF risk. As the subsequent onset of both diseases was strongly associated with mortality, prevention needs to be rigorously addressed and remains challenging, as conventional risk factors explained only 31% of AF risk.
“In-Ger” and “Outer” Diplomacy – Ilkhanid Contacts with the Mongols and the Outside World, 1260-1282
Authors: Arom Na’ama O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
By arrows and words, a Mongol Khanate was formed in the Middle East – the Il-Khanate, or Hülegü Ulus. Its continuous efforts of further conquests were accompanied by a bitter struggle against the Mongol sister khanate to the north-west – the Golden Horde, or Jochi Ulus. This article analyses the diplomatic activity of the early Il-Khans – Hülegü (1256-65) and Abaqa (1265-82), on two Jochid fronts: the Golden Horde, headed by Berke (1257-67) and his successors, and the Negüdäri forces, also named Qarāʾūnas, who roamed eastern Afghanistan. A further discussion is dedicated to the early Il-Khanid contacts with the western powers – the Mamluk Sultanate and Latin Europe, including an in depth study of Abaqa’s letter of Pope Clemens IV, written in 1268. This analysis outlines two patterns of diplomacy: one “outer”, aimed at the non-Mongol powers, and one “in-ger”, directed towards the Mongol adversaries. Tracking these patterns, the article’s conclusion attempts to define possible ethical “red lines” in the diplomacy of the early Il-Khans.
Mongol Diplomacy of the Alamut Period
Authors: Dashdondog Bayarsaikhan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The subject that I would like to discuss relates to the Ismāʿīlī history of the period of the Mongol incursions in 1256. This article deals with three topics: the Mongols and their invasions of Alamut; Mongol-Ismāʿīlī relations before and after the invasions; and issues relating to the death of the Ismāʿīlī leader allegedly at the hands of the Mongols. The Mongol conquest of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs’ strongholds has been described as “the single-most disastrous event in their history”, putting an end to the political aspirations and prominence of the Ismāʿīlīs in the region; however, my argument lies in the pragmatic attitudes of the Ismāʿīlīs, who were allies of the Mongols at the beginning of their relationship. This paper also discusses issues relating to the death of Ismāʿīlī Imam Rukn al-Dīn, disputing the commonly accepted view of his murder.