bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Kaiserpinguin – ein Vogel der Superlative
Authors: Kostrzewa Achim 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungNach vorsichtigen Schätzungen beherbergt das antarktische Ökosystem knapp 200 Millionen Seevögel, davon sind etwa 26 Millionen Pinguine. Kaiserpinguine machen davon nur ca. 600.000 Individuen aus. Sie gehören zu den am wenigsten untersuchten Pinguinarten, weil sie nur auf dem Antarktischen Kontinent vorgelagerten Meereis brüten. Im Winter – während Eiablage und Brutzeit – sind sie durch einen bis zu 1.000 Kilometer breiten Meereisgürtel isoliert, der nur von Polynjas unterbrochen wird, offene Stellen im Eis, die den Vögeln Zugang zum Meer ermöglichen. Erst ab Oktober kommen auch Eisbrecher wieder in die Nähe einzelner Kolonien, so dass das Studium des ganzen Jahreszyklus, ja nicht einmal des ganzen Brutzyklus, nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist. 1902 wurde überhaupt die erste Kolonie in der Ostantarktis entdeckt. Ab den 1950er Jahren kamen gut 40 weitere dazu. Der Kontinent hat sehr lange (17.968 km) und unübersichtliche Küsten. Erst durch neue Techniken der Fernerkundung konnten neue Kolonien aus dem Weltraum entdeckt werden, heute zählt man mehr als 54 und gewinnt auch einen guten Überblick über die Population. Ihre Zukunft wird stark vom Eisregime abhängen. Die Tendenz in der West‐Antarktis ist stark rückläufig. Neue Auswertungen der letzten 40 Jahre der Eisentwicklung auf Satellitenfotos bestätigen auch deutliche Rückgänge für Teile der Ost‐Antarktis [23].
Interdisziplinarität in der Forensik
Authors: Amendt Jens , Zissler Angela , Lutz Lena , Szelecz Ildikò , Habermann Antje , Pittner Stefan 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Ermittlung der Todeszeit ist eine wichtige Aufgabe der forensischen Wissenschaften. Nach 1–2 Tagen wird sie jedoch durch Autolyse und Fäulnis drastisch erschwert. Eine Kombination aus etablierten und neuen Methoden unterschiedlicher Disziplinen soll hier Abhilfe schaffen. Die morphologische Veränderungen eines Leichnams sind von dessen Liegezeit abhängig und können in einem Punktesystem klassifiziert werden: Die Altersbestimmung und Artenzusammensetzung von sich am Leichnam entwickelnden nekrophagen Insekten erlauben taggenaue Eingrenzungen des Besiedlungszeitpunktes, der Abbau von Proteinen der Skelettmuskulatur folgt einem charakteristischen, zeitabhängigen Degradationsmuster, Bodenorganismen unterhalb eines verwesenden Leichnams können durch Leichenflüssigkeiten negativ beeinträchtigt werden oder durch den damit verbundenen Eintrag von Nährstoffen wie Proteinen, Lipiden und Kohlenhydraten profitieren. Die kombinierte, interdisziplinäre Bewertung all dieser Parameter bietet vollkommen neue Möglichkeiten bei der Bestimmung von Todeszeiten, die Tage, Wochen oder Monate zurückliegen.
Multicentre study of short-course radiotherapy, systemic therapy and resection/ablation for stage IV rectal cancer
Authors: Kok E N D , Havenga K , Tanis P J , Wilt J H W , Hagendoorn J , Peters F P , Buijsen J , Rutten H J T , Kuhlmann K F D , Beets G L , Aalbers A G J , Kok N F M , Ruers T J M , Kobus C B H A , Siemons S V , Grootscholten C , Dewit L G H , Berg J G , Zavrakidis I , Jong K P , Hospers G A P , Karrenbeld A , Geijsen E D , Punt C J A , Rutten H , Radema S , Intven M P W , Roodhart J M L , Holman F , Kapiteijn E , Melenhorst J , Cnossen J S , Creemers G-J M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The optimal treatment sequence for patients with rectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of short-course pelvic radiotherapy (5 × 5 Gy) followed by systemic therapy and local treatment of all tumour sites in patients with potentially curable stage IV rectal cancer in daily practice.

Methods
This was a retrospective study performed in eight tertiary referral centres in the Netherlands. Patients aged 18 years or above with rectal cancer and potentially resectable liver ± extrahepatic metastases, treated between 2010 and 2015, were eligible. Main outcomes included full completion of treatment schedule, symptom control and survival.

Results
In total, 169 patients were included with a median follow-up of 49·5 (95 pr cent c.i. 43·6 to 55·6) months. The completion rate for the entire treatment schedule was 65·7 per cent. Three-year progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) rates were 24·2 (95 per cent c.i. 16·6 to 31·6) and 48·8 (40·4 to 57·2) per cent respectively. Median OS of patients who responded well and completed the treatment schedule was 51·5 months, compared with 15·1 months for patients who did not complete the treatment (P &lt; 0·001). Adequate symptom control of the primary tumour was achieved in 87·0 per cent of all patients.

Conclusion
Multimodal treatment leads to relief of symptoms in most patients, and is associated with good survival rates in those able to complete the schedule. [Correction added on 12 February 2020, after first online publication: the Conclusion has been reworded for clarity]
Is ultrasound effective in determining variation of the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus tendon?
Authors: Olewnik Łukasz , Podgórski Michał , Polguj Michał , Ruzik Kacper , Grzelak Piotr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe extensor hallucis longus (EHL) is located in the anterior compartment of the leg, between the tibialis anterior muscle and extensor digitorum longus. The EHL is characterized by a number of morphological variations, concerning mainly the accessory bands and their insertion. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound in determining the anatomical variations of the EHL.MethodsThe morphology of the EHL was evaluated by ultrasound (high‐frequency linear probe of Samsung RS80 apparatus) in 50 healthy volunteers. The types of EHL morphology were determined according to a threefold classification.ResultsOnly two types of the threefold anatomical classification were observed: Type I in 76 limbs (76%) and Type IIa in 24 limbs (24%). The accessory bands of the EHL were found in 24% of cases, all of which demonstrated a course that was located medially in relation to the main tendon.ConclusionUltrasound allows for visualization of the EHL; however, the potential recognition of morphological variance is limited.Level of EvidenceI – Clinical Research.
The interaction effect of ad appeal and need for cognition on consumers' intentions to share viral advertisements
Authors: Kulkarni Kalpak K. , Kalro Arti D. , Sharma Dinesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractViral advertising has become a popular form of persuasive communication to promote brands on social media. Extant research on viral advertising has focused mostly on evaluating content characteristics as drivers of virality, but very few studies have examined the potential influence of consumers' personality variables that affect their information processing and subsequent ad‐sharing behavior. By taking a consumer‐centric approach, two experimental studies were conducted to examine how consumer's need for cognition (NFC: high vs. low) interacts with message appeal (emotional vs. informational) used in the branded viral advertisements and extent of brand information (high vs. low brand prominence) present in the branded viral advertisement to influence consumers' intentions to share viral advertisements. As compared with low‐NFC individuals, high‐NFC individuals reported higher sharing intentions for viral ads that use informational appeal and also for an emotional viral ad where brand prominence is high. This finding is consistent with the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). Further, the results of these studies show an interesting finding that contradicts the existing understanding originating from ELM; that is, high‐NFC individuals reported higher sharing intentions for viral ads with an emotional appeal as compared with low‐NFC individuals, even when the brand prominence is low. Possible explanations and implications of the findings are discussed in this paper.
Arousal enhances herding tendencies when decision making
Authors: Coker Brent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research examines how arousal enhances consumer tendencies to be influenced by the majority when decision making, also known as “herding.” Physiological arousal was manipulated in three controlled experiments, using discrete choice decisions as the dependent variable. The results suggest that arousal enhances tendencies to choose more popular options and that deindividuation mediates the effect of arousal on choice. This research enriches our understanding of the theoretical relationship between arousal and consumer decision making, by suggesting that arousal increases herding. The practical relevance of our findings suggests that strategies to increase herding effects, such as “popular choice” stickers and social media metrics, may be enhanced by making the experience more arousing.
A universal drug delivery catheter for the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial disease using liquid therapy
Authors: Bunch Frank , Nair Pradeep , Aggarwala Gaurav , Dippel Eric , Kassab Elias , Khan Muhammad A. , LeCroy Christopher , McClure John M. , Tolleson Thaddeus , Walker Craig 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of treating infrapopliteal lesions using a novel drug delivery catheter locally delivering liquid paclitaxel.BackgroundBalloon angioplasty is currently the Gold Standard to treat below‐the‐knee disease; however, restenosis continues to be a great challenge following these percutaneous revascularization procedures.MethodsThe Occlusion Perfusion Catheter for Optimal Delivery of Paclitaxel for the Prevention of Endovascular Restenosis (COPPER‐A) study—Below‐the‐Knee Cohort was a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, feasibility, and safety study that enrolled 35 patients at 11 participating sites. The safety endpoints at 1, 3, and 6 months were freedom from thrombosis, major amputation in the target limb and target limb related death. The efficacy endpoints were primary patency and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization at 6 months.ResultsAll patients tolerated the procedure well with no reports of adverse procedural events. Thirty‐five patients were treated with a mean lesion length of 112 ± 81.2 mm with the lesion length range of 20–286 mm. At 6‐month follow‐up, primary patency was 89.3% and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization was 96.4%. No patients demonstrated thrombosis, major amputation in the target limb and target limb related death at the 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐months follow‐up intervals.ConclusionsThe results of this multi‐center study demonstrated that infrapopliteal arteries can be safely and effectively treated with liquid paclitaxel using the occlusion perfusion catheter.
Evaluation of the quality of nixtamalized maize flours for tortilla production with a new Mixolab protocol
Authors: Espinosa‐Ramírez Johanan , Rosell Cristina M. , Serna‐Saldivar Sergio O. , Pérez‐Carrillo Esther 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesNixtamalized maize flours (NMF) are convenient products to obtain an array of nixtamalized products such as table tortillas and chips. In the present study, a Mixolab protocol was set up for the analysis of NMF and to predict mixing conditions in tortilla making. The validity of the procedure was tested with 10 commercial NMF. Water absorption (WA) and mixing times obtained from Mixolab analysis were used to produce doughs and tortillas. The correlations among the Mixolab parameters and quality features of NMF, doughs, and tortillas were determined.FindingsMixolab curves permitted to characterize the NMF dough development time, mixing stability, starch gelatinization, starch gel stability, and retrogradation. This analysis was efficient to discern among the quality of different samples. Tortillas produced with the WA and mixing time predicted with the Mixolab analysis using the optimized protocol had adequate moisture and textural characteristics. Good correlations among the Mixolab parameters and the tortilla moisture and texture confirmed the validity of the method.ConclusionThe optimized Mixolab test proved to be a useful tool to evaluate the quality of NMF.Significance and noveltyThe new Mixolab protocol could be used to predict relevant process parameters for tortilla production.
Effects of dynamic low temperature during the grain filling stage on starch morphological structure, physicochemical properties, and eating quality of soft japonica rice
Authors: Hu Yajie , Li Luan , Tian Jinyu , Zhang Chengxin , Wang Jie , Yu Enwei , Xing Zhipeng , Guo Baowei , Wei Haiyan , Huo Zhongyang , Zhang Hongcheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesTemperature during the grain filling stage is the critical environmental factor affecting rice quality and starch physicochemical properties. Two soft japonica rice varieties were used to investigate starch morphological structure, gelatinization, and pasting properties, as well as the overall sensory quality of cooked rice under different ripening dynamic temperatures.FindingsCompared to normal temperature (NT), dynamic low temperature (LT) during the grain filling stage increased amylose content and significantly influenced the crystalline structure of starch. These structural changes included the reduction in the relative crystallinity, IR ratio of 1,045/1,022 cm−1, the lamellar peak intensity, and lamellar distance. With regard to pasting properties, LT increased the setback and decreased the peak, trough, final viscosities, and breakdown. However, LT reduced gelatinization temperature and enthalpy. For eating quality, the palatability of cooked rice under LT decreased, which was related to higher hardness as well as lower stickiness and gel consistency.ConclusionsLow temperature during grain filling led to the deterioration of eating quality of cooked rice, and this deterioration could be attributed to high amylose content, low pasting viscosity, and reduced gel consistency.Significance and noveltyThe mean temperature at 22°C during the grain filling stage improved eating quality in soft japonica rice by enhancing pasting properties and gel consistency.
Effect of Supports and Promoters on the Performance of Ni‐Based Catalysts in Ethanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Phung Thanh Khoa , Pham Thong Le Minh , Nguyen Anh-Nga T. , Vu Khanh B. , Giang Ha Ngoc , Nguyen Tuan-Anh , Huynh Thanh Cong , Pham Hong Duc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEthanol steam reforming (ESR) is one of the potential processes to convert ethanol into valuable products. Hydrogen produced from ESR is considered as green energy for the future and can be an excellent alternative to fossil fuels with the aim of mitigating the greenhouse gas effect. The ESR process has been well studied, using transition metals as catalysts coupled with both acidic and basic oxides as supports. Among various reported transition metals, Ni is an inexpensive material with activity comparable to that of noble metals, showing promising ethanol conversion and hydrogen yields. Additionally, different promoters and supports were utilized to enhance the hydrogen yield and the catalyst stability. This review summarizes and discusses the influences of the supports and promoters of Ni‐based catalysts on the ESR process.
Heterofusion: Fusing genomics data of different measurement scales
Authors: Smilde Age K. , Song Yipeng , Westerhuis Johan A. , Kiers Henk A. L. , Aben Nanne , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn systems biology, it is becoming increasingly common to measure biochemical entities at different levels of the same biological system. Hence, data fusion problems are abundant in the life sciences. With the availability of a multitude of measuring techniques, one of the central problems is the heterogeneity of the data. In this paper, we discuss a specific form of heterogeneity, namely, that of measurements obtained at different measurement scales, such as binary, ordinal, interval, and ratio‐scaled variables. Three generic fusion approaches are presented of which two are new to the systems biology community. The methods are presented, put in context, and illustrated with a real‐life genomics example.
Design, Sonosynthesis, Quantum‐Chemical Calculations, and Evaluation of New Mono‐ and Bis‐pyridine Dicarbonitriles as Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Arafa Wael Abdelgayd Ahmed , Hussein Modather F. 
Published: February 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA highly efficient, simple, and clean single‐step sonosynthetic procedure has been sophisticated for assembling new series of mono‐ and bis‐pyridine dicarbonitriles from ketones, HCl, and tetracyanoethylene. The presented protocol is applicable for the preparation of a broad range of uniquely substituted pyridine dicarbonitriles and seems to be superior in comparison with other previously reported methods. The antiproliferative impact of the newly synthesized derivatives was screened towards three representative cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, A549, and HCT116). Most of the evaluated derivatives showed a moderate to excellent anti‐proliferative activity towards the selected cell lines. Of these, compounds 4h, 4k, 10, 12a, and 12b showed both potent anticancer activity (IC50<10 μM) and lower cytotoxic effect (IC50 > 58 μM) on non‐tumorigenic cells (MCF‐10A and NCM460), suggesting their promising potential to be lead molecules for future antitumor drug discovery. The structure‐activity relationships have been also discussed. Moreover, quantum chemical studies based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) of the synthesized compounds were investigated and found to be consistent with the in vitro inhibitory activities.
Protonated Poly(ethylene imine)‐Coated Silica Nanoparticles for Promoting Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride
Authors: Yang Lijing , Huang Xiaoshan , Zhang Jiapeng , Dong Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Dr. Hua Dong from Chengdu University of Technology, China. The cover picture shows a nonmetal catalyst (SiO2@H+PEI) that promotes hydrogen production by hydrolysis of NaBH4. This newly developed catalyst, which is fabricated by covalently modifying SiO2 nanoparticles with protonated poly(ethylene imime), provides a promising choice for the cheap and efficient catalysis of NaBH4 hydrolysis. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201900609.
Mutational analysis of genes with ureteric progenitor cell‐specific expression in branching morphogenesis of the mouse kidney
Authors: Rutledge Elisabeth A. , McMahon Andrew P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUreteric progenitor cells (UPCs) within the branch tips of the arborizing ureteric epithelium of the kidney's developing collecting system establish the shape and cellular organization of the collecting network, and drive the nephrogenic program through their interactions with nephron progenitor cells. In a previous study, expression screening identified a cohort of genes showing UPC‐enriched expression including D17H6S56E‐5, Hs3st3a1, Hs3st3b1, and Tmem59l. Each of these is also enriched in branch tips of assembling airways of the developing lungs. Here, we used Crispr‐CAS9 directed gene editing to mutate each of these targets to address their potential role(s) in UPC programs.ResultsSingle (D17H6S56E‐5 and Tmem59l) and double (Hs3st3a1 and Hs3st3b1) mutants were viable, fertile, and displayed varying frequencies of ureter duplications and no overt lung phenotype. Ureter duplications arise spontaneously through multiple outgrowths of the ureteric bud at the onset of kidney development. Tmem59l mutants and Hs3st3a1/Hs3st3b1 compound mutants showed a weakly penetrant, but statistically significant increase in duplicated ureters compared to C57BL6/J and SW wild‐type mouse strains.ConclusionsTmem59l and Hs3st3a1/Hs3st3b1 activities contribute to the regulatory programs restricting ureteric outgrowth in the developing mouse kidney. However, the low penetrance of the observed phenotype precludes a detailed analysis of their specific actions.
Long‐term reevaluation of spatially explicit models as a means for adaptive wildlife management
Authors: Maor Cohen Mia , Shamon Hila , Dolev Amit , Reichman Alon , David Shirli Bar , Saltz David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe evaluated a 20‐yr‐old spatially explicit model (SEM) that predicted the spatial expansion of reintroduced Persian fallow deer in northern Israel. Using the current distribution of the deer and based on multi‐model inference we assessed the accuracy of theSEM's prediction and what other factors affected the population's current distribution. If theSEM's projection was still valid, the leading model in the multi‐model inference would include only theSEM's projection as an explanatory variable with a good fit. Different leading models would reveal key variables overlooked when theSEMwas constructed or changes in the landscape unforeseen at the time, thus assisting adaptive management and decision‐making. We assessed deer presence from camera trap encounter counts analyzed using N‐mixture models. Models included various combinations of seven predictors: the 20‐yr predictions of anSEMdeveloped during the initial phases of the reintroduction, three key landscape characteristics on which theSEMwas originally based but updated to reflect current conditions, distance from the release site, elevation, and the distribution of gray wolves (a predator that was absent from the area when theSEMwas developed). Competing models were ranked by Akaike information criterion (AIC). Wolf distribution was the key predictor explaining the current deer distribution, appearing in all three leading models (∆AIC < 2.0) and carrying 71% of theAICweight (coefficient = −14.86 ± 5.6 [mean ± SE]). Of these three models, theSEM20‐yr prediction appeared in two, but explained only a fraction of the variance (coefficient = 0.001 ± 0.08). The contribution of all other predictors was negligible. While theSEMfailed to accurately predict the 20‐yr deer distribution, the divergence between its projection and reality pointed to the probable cause (wolves) of this discrepancy. The inclusion of theSEMprediction in the leading models indicates that had the wolves not spread to the study area, the predictions would still have merit suggesting that long‐termSEMs can potentially be robust. Long‐term reevaluation ofSEMs can be beneficial even if model projections fail, as the process can uncover the specific factors driving this failure, supporting adaptive management procedures.