bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional characterization of first instar horse and rhinoceros stomach bot fly larvae (Oestridae: Gasterophilinae:Gasterophilus,Gyrostigma): novel morphology and evolutionary implications
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Pape Thomas , Colwell Doug , Dewhurst Charles , Zhang Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarval characters are of importance in systematic and evolutionary studies of Diptera but lag behind characters of adults due to difficulties in obtaining relevant information. Larvae of stomach bot flies are obligate parasites completing development exclusively in the alimentary tract of equids and rhinoceroses. They possess diversified morphological adaptations, providing remarkable examples to further our understanding of larval evolution. Herein, three-dimensional structures of first instar Gasterophilus pecorum and Gyrostigma rhinocerontis are compared using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We suggest CLSM has a large potential for exploiting cryptic character systems of micro fly larvae, as spectral range and intensity of autofluorescence emitted by sclerotized structures and soft tissues are distinct, presenting a high-contrast mechanism for multistructural visualization with non-destructive sample preparation. Five new potential synapomorphies are proposed to corroborate the sister-group Gasterophilus and Gyrostigma. The upward curving mouth-hooks of first instar Gasterophilus and Gyrostigma are distinctive in Cyclorrhapha and possibly serve to facilitate the larval subcutaneous migration within the host. Three types of mouthhooks are recognized in first instar Oestridae, with the gently curved and gradually tapered type optimized as the ancestral state, from which the gasterophiline and hypodermatine types evolved independently.
Sacrectomy for Recurrent Rectal Cancer Using the Transanal Total Mesorectum Excision Technique
Authors: Kimura Kei , Ikeda Masataka , Kataoka Kozo , Beppu Naohito , Uchino Motoi , Yamano Tomoki , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Tomita Naohiro 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
In high sacrectomy, it is difficult to secure the lateral surgical margin and prevent severe postoperative complications. In this report, we present our unique surgical procedure using transanal total mesorectal excision for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

TECHNIQUE:
A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed with locally rerecurrent rectal cancer, which was located at the height of the S3 vertebra by preoperative imaging, and posterior pelvic exenteration concomitant with high sacrectomy below the S2 vertebra was planned. A multiaccess transperineal platform was placed to secure the lateral surgical margin using transperineal minimally invasive surgery during the perineal and sacral side procedure. Transperineal minimally invasive surgery has several clinical benefits over the conventional approach. For the perineal approach, a 2-team laparoscopic approach was performed. This surgical intervention with laparoscopic perineal assistance contributed to the completion of the dissection of the planned lateral surgical margin, such as the distal piriformis muscles and the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments, which are the most difficult areas to access in the lithotomy position. Regarding the sacral approach, it facilitated the dissection of the dorsal space of the sacrum; therefore, only a 7-cm transverse skin incision was required during sacrectomy. Small skin incisions and minimal dissection may reduce surgical site infections.

RESULTS:
The operative time was 933 minutes, with 80 mL of blood loss. There were no major complications, and pathologically confirmed curative resection was achieved.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our new technique utilizing transanal total mesorectum excision is feasible to secure the lateral surgical margin with minimal skin incision and dissection and may prevent severe postoperative complications.
Customizing TMS Applications in Traumatic Brain Injury Using Neuroimaging
Authors: Herrold Amy A. , Siddiqi Shan H. , Livengood Sherri L. , Bender Pape Theresa L. , Higgins James P. , Adamson Maheen Mausoof , Leung Albert , Raij Tommi 
Published: November 2020

Optimizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatments in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and co-occurring conditions may benefit from neuroimaging-based customization.

Participants:
Our total sample (N = 97) included 58 individuals with TBI (49 mild, 8 moderate, and 1 severe in a state of disordered consciousness), of which 24 had co-occurring conditions (depression in 14 and alcohol use disorder in 10). Of those without TBI, 6 individuals had alcohol use disorder and 33 were healthy controls. Of our total sample, 54 were veterans and 43 were civilians.

Design:
Proof-of-concept study incorporating data from 5 analyses/studies that used multimodal approaches to integrate neuroimaging with TMS.

Main Measures:
Multimodal neuroimaging methods including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI-guided TMS navigation, functional MRI, diffusion MRI, and TMS-induced electric fields. Outcomes included symptom scales, neuropsychological tests, and physiological measures.

Results:
It is feasible to use multimodal neuroimaging data to customize TMS targets and understand brain-based changes in targeted networks among people with TBI.

Conclusions:
TBI is an anatomically heterogeneous disorder. Preliminary evidence from the 5 studies suggests that using multimodal neuroimaging approaches to customize TMS treatment is feasible. To test whether this will lead to increased clinical efficacy, studies that integrate neuroimaging and TMS targeting data with outcomes are needed.
Use of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric and Neurocognitive Symptoms Associated With Concussion in Military Populations
Authors: Oberman Lindsay M. , Exley Shannon , Philip Noah S. , Siddiqi Shan H. , Adamson Maheen M. , Brody David L. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Since the year 2000, over 342 000 military service members have experienced a concussion, often associated with chronic neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols have been developed for many of these symptoms in the general population.

Objective:
To conduct a scoping review of the literature on rTMS for neuropsychological and neurocognitive symptoms following concussion.

Methods:
PubMed and Google Scholar search engines identified 9 articles, written in English, corresponding to the search terms TBI or concussion; and TMS or rTMS; and depression, PTSD, or cognition. Studies that were not therapeutic trials or case reports, did not have neuropsychiatric or neurocognitive primary outcome measures, or described samples where 80% or more of the cohort did not have a TBI were excluded.

Results:
There were no reports of seizures nor difference in the frequency or quality of other adverse events as compared with the broader rTMS literature, supporting the safety of rTMS in this population. Support for the efficacy of rTMS for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms, in this population, is limited.

Conclusions:
Large-scale, innovative, neuroscience-informed protocols are recommended to elucidate the potential utility of rTMS for the complex neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms associated with military concussions.
Variables Affecting Attitudes Toward Suicide Among the Adolescent Population
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Choi Seo-Hyun , Lee Sang-Eun , Lee Chai Won , Maeng Seri , Kim Won-Hyoung , Bae Jae Nam , Lee Jeong Seop 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Past research has supported the positive association between prosuicide attitudes and suicidal behavior. The aim of the present study was to determine the factor structure of adolescents' attitudes toward suicide and to explore correlates associated with their attitudes. A questionnaire was distributed to 1292 adolescents at eight middle schools to assess their demographic information, clinical variables, and attitudes toward suicide. After factor analysis, we reached a four-factor solution of the attitudes toward suicide. Significantly more females, nonreligious adolescents, those with a lower socioeconomic status, those with higher levels of depressive symptoms, and those with a history of suicidal ideation/plans had more understanding attitudes toward suicide. Depressive adolescents were also more permissive and believed that suicides were unpreventable and that loneliness led to suicide. In conclusion, adolescents' attitudes toward suicide were significantly associated with not only various sociodemographic correlates but also the severity of depressive symptoms and their own experiences of suicidality.
Single-Session Dance/Movement Therapy for Thought and Behavioral Dysfunction Associated With Schizophrenia
Authors: Biondo Jacelyn , Gerber Nancy , Bradt Joke , Du Wei , Goodill Sherry 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This purposes of this mixed methods feasibility study were to determine whether people with schizophrenia in an inpatient psychiatric facility were able to complete the research protocol, and to obtain preliminary treatment effects of a single-session dance/movement therapy (DMT) intervention versus verbal treatment as usual (TAU). Thirty-two participants were randomized to a 45-minute DMT or verbal TAU session. Data were collected quantitatively using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and qualitatively through open-ended interviews. Results indicated that participants in the DMT group had statistically significant symptom reduction compared with those in the TAU group in overall BPRS scores (effect size [ES] = 0.67), psychological discomfort (ES = 0.64), negative symptoms (ES = 0.67), and positive symptoms (ES = 0.55). No statistical significance was shown for resistance. Qualitative findings substantiate the quantitative findings, however, show divergence regarding resistance. Participants in the DMT group expressed feeling in control, less angry, and motivated for treatment.
How Does the Measurement of Disability in Low Back Pain Map Unto the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health?
Authors: Nicol Richard , Yu Hainan , Selb Melissa , Prodinger Birgit , Hartvigsen Jan , Côté Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to catalog items from instruments used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors in patients with low back pain treated with manual medicine (manipulation and mobilization) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This catalog will be used to inform the development of an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–based assessment schedule for low back pain patients treated with manual medicine. In this scoping review, we systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. We identified instruments (questionnaires, clinical tests, single questions) used to measure functioning, disability, and contextual factors, extracted the relevant items, and then linked these items to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. We included 95 articles and identified 1510 meaningful concepts. All but 70 items were linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Of the concepts linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, body functions accounted for 34.7%, body structures accounted for 0%, activities and participation accounted for 41%, environmental factors accounted for 3.6%, and personal factors accounted for 16%. Most items used to measure functioning and disability in low back pain patient treated with manual medicine focus on body functions, as well as activities and participation. The lack of measures that address environmental factors warrants further investigation.
Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma for Prevention of Alopecia and Other Skin Complications of Radiotherapy
Authors: Evin Nuh , Tosun Zekeriya , Aktan Tahsin Murad , Duman Selcuk , Harmankaya Ismail , Yavas Güler 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRadiotherapy (RT) involves the use of ionizing radiation in treating malignancies and benign disorders. However, RT damages target and healthy surrounding tissues in a dose-dependent manner. This effectively reduces patient compliance and quality of life, thereby warranting the prevention of RT-induced adverse effects on skin. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are used to treat RT-induced damage and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) provides a scaffold that potentiates the effects of ASCs. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the mechanism employed by ASCs and PRP in protecting against RT-induced adverse effects.MethodsWe have established an immunodeficient mouse transplantation model using which human hair follicular units were implanted. When the follicular units were macroscopically and microscopically mature and anagenic, we administered localized RT. Subsequently, the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the subcutaneous injection of the following to the irradiated transplantation site: saline, PRP, ASCs, and a combination of ASCs and PRP. Next, we used macroscopic and microscopic analyses to determine the protective effects of the injected solutions on skin and hair follicles.ResultsAdipose-derived stem cells reduced RT-induced adverse effects, such as impaired wound healing, alopecia, skin atrophy, and fibrosis by suppressing inflammation, dystrophy, degeneration, connective tissue synthesis, and apoptosis and increasing cellular proliferation, differentiation, and signaling. Moreover, these effects were augmented by PRP.ConclusionsThus, co-administering ASCs with PRP in mice prevented RT-induced adverse effects and can be tested for use in clinical practice.
Trends in Lung Transplantation Practices Across the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chan Ernest G. , Chan Patrick G. , Harano Takashi , Ryan John P. , Morrell Matthew R. , Sanchez Pablo G. 
Published: November 2020

Background.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on adult lung transplants and report practice changes in the United States.

Methods.
A retrospective analysis of a public dataset from the United Network for Organ Sharing was performed regarding adult lung transplantation (January 19, 2020–June 30, 2020). Data were stratified into 3 periods: pre-COVID-19 (January 19, 2020–March 14, 2020), first COVID-19 era (March 15, 2020–May 8, 2020), and second COVID-19 era (May 9, 2020–June 30, 2020). Weekly changes in waitlist inactivations (COVID-19 precautions or not), waitlist additions, transplant volume, and donor recovery were examined across eras and changes across era were correlated.

Results.
During the first COVID-19 era, 301 patients were added to the waitlist, representing a 40% decrease when compared to the prior 8-week period. This was followed by a significant increase in listing during the second COVID-19 era (t = 2.16, P = 0.032). Waitlist inactivations decreased in the second COVID-19 era from the first COVID-19 era (t = 3.60, P < 0.001). There was no difference in waitlist inactivations between the pre-COVID era and the second COVID-19 era (P = 0.10). Weekly volume was not associated with trends in COVID-19 cases across any era, but was negatively associated with waitlist inactivations due to COVID-19 precautions entering the first COVID-19 era (r = −0.73, P = 0.04) and second COVID-19 era (r = −0.89, P = 0.003).

Conclusions.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States experienced a decrease in lung transplant volume. While overall volume has returned to normal, additional studies are needed to identify areas of improvement to better prepare for future pandemics.
Efficacy and Safety of PD-1/PD-L1 plus CTLA-4 antibodies +/− Other Therapies in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shen Xiang , Xiao Hua , Huang Shangke , Liu Jiexing , Ran Zhuolan , Xiong Bin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have brought hope for patients with advanced lung cancer, among which PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors have achieved considerable results. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 antibodies in patients with advanced lung cancer.Materials and MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) study of PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors for advanced lung cancer was searched in the database for systematic review and meta-analysis.ResultsThe meta-analysis finally included 4 trials (actually 3 trials), and the results showed that the overall response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitor was higher than that of the control group (ORR = 2.29 [95% CI 1.58 3.32], P <0.0001). PFS significantly improved compared with conventional treatment (HR = 0.69 [95% CI 0.56, 0.85], P = 0.0005), which was statistically significant. OS also improved but did not statistically significant (HR = 0.80 [95% CI 0.61, 1.05], P = 0.11). PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors had a higher incidence of adverse reactions than conventional treatment (OR = 1.72 [95% CI 0.59, 5.09], P = 0.33), but the incidence of grade≥3 AEs was lower than the control group (OR = 0.96 [95% CI 0.64, 1.44], P = 0.85).ConclusionDouble checkpoint inhibitor PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 antibody has synergistic anti-cancer activity and improved ORR and PFS in lung cancer. Adverse reactions are more common than conventional treatment, but are generally controllable. Therefore, PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors provides a beacon for the treatment of advanced lung cancer, which has guiding significance for the treatment selection in the future.
Residual SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens detected in gastrointestinal and hepatic tissues from two recovered COVID-19 patients
Authors: Cheung Chun Chau Lawrence , Goh Denise , Lim Xinru , Tien Tracy Zhijun , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Nerurkar Sanjna Nilesh , Shihleone Loong , Cheow Peng Chung , Chan Chung Yip , Koh Ye Xin , Tan Thuan Tong , Kalimuddin Shirin , David Tai Wai Meng , Ng Jia Lin , Hong Low Jenny Guek , Yeong Joe , Hon Lim Tony Kiat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResidual SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in stool samples and gastrointestinal tissues during the convalescence phase of COVID-19 infection. This raises concern for persistence of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles and faecal-oral transmissibility in recovered COVID-19 patients. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry, we unexpectedly detected SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens in intestinal and liver tissues, in surgical samples obtained from two patients who recovered from COVID-19. We further validated the presence of virus by RT-PCR and flow cytometry to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the tissues. These findings might have important implications in terms of disease management and public health policy regarding transmission of COVID-19 via faecal-oral and iatrogenic routes during the convalescence phase.
Detecting corticospinal tract impairment in tumor patients with fiber density and tensor-based metrics
Authors: Fekonja L. S. , Wang Z. , Aydogan D. B. , Roine T. , Engelhardt M. , Dreyer F. R. , Vajkoczy P. , Picht T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTumors infiltrating the motor system lead to significant disability, often caused by corticospinal tract injury. The delineation of the healthy-pathological white matter (WM) interface area, for which diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) has shown promising potential, may improve treatment outcome. However, up to 90% of white matter (WM) voxels include multiple fiber populations, which cannot be correctly described with traditional metrics such as fractional anisotropy (FA) or apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Here, we used a novel fixel-based along-tract analysis consisting of constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) based probabilistic tractography and fixel-based apparent fiber density (FD), capable of identifying fiber orientation specific microstructural metrics. We addressed this novel methodology’s capability to detect corticospinal tract impairment.We measured and compared tractogram-related FD and traditional microstructural metrics bihemispherically in 65 patients with WHO grade III and IV gliomas infiltrating the motor system. The cortical tractogram seeds were based on motor maps derived by transcranial magnetic stimulation. We extracted 100 equally distributed cross-sections along each streamline of corticospinal tract (CST) for along-tract statistical analysis. Cross-sections were then analyzed to detect differences between healthy and pathological hemispheres.All metrics showed significant differences between healthy and pathologic hemispheres over the entire tract and between peritumoral segments. Peritumoral values were lower for FA and FD, but higher for ADC within the entire cohort. FD was more specific to tumor-induced changes in CST than ADC or FA, whereas ADC and FA showed higher sensitivity.The bihemispheric along-tract analysis provides an approach to detect subject-specific structural changes in healthy and pathological WM. In the current clinical dataset, the more complex FD metrics did not outperform FA and ADC in terms of describing corticospinal tract impairment.
Simple discrete-time self-exciting models can describe complex dynamic processes: a case study of COVID-19
Authors: Browning Raiha , Sulem Deborah , Mengersen Kerrie , Rivoirard Vincent , Rousseau Judith 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHawkes processes are a form of self-exciting process that has been used in numerous applications, including neuroscience, seismology, and terrorism. While these self-exciting processes have a simple formulation, they are able to model incredibly complex phenomena. Traditionally Hawkes processes are a continuous-time process, however we enable these models to be applied to a wider range of problems by considering a discrete-time variant of Hawkes processes. We illustrate this through the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a substantive case study. While alternative models, such as compartmental and growth curve models, have been widely applied to the COVID-19 epidemic, the use of discrete-time Hawkes processes allows us to gain alternative insights. This paper evaluates the capability of discrete-time Hawkes processes by retrospectively modelling daily counts of deaths as two distinct phases in the progression of the COVID-19 outbreak: the initial stage of exponential growth and the subsequent decline as preventative measures become effective. We consider various countries that have been adversely affected by the epidemic, namely, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. These countries are all unique concerning the spread of the virus and their corresponding response measures, in particular, the types and timings of preventative actions. However, we find that this simple model is useful in accurately capturing the dynamics of the process, despite hidden interactions that are not directly modelled due to their complexity, and differences both within and between countries. The utility of this model is not confined to the current COVID-19 epidemic, rather this model could be used to explain many other complex phenomena. It is of interest to have simple models that adequately describe these complex processes with unknown dynamics. As models become more complex, a simpler representation of the process can be desirable for the sake of parsimony.