bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface regulation enables high stability of single-crystal lithium-ion cathodes at high voltage
Authors: Zhang Fang , Lou Shuaifeng , Li Shuang , Yu Zhenjiang , Liu Qingsong , Dai Alvin , Cao Chuntian , Toney Michael F. , Ge Mingyuan , Xiao Xianghui , Lee Wah-Keat , Yao Yudong , Deng Junjing , Liu Tongchao , Tang Yiping , Yin Geping , Lu Jun , Su Dong , Wang Jiajun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSingle-crystal cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have attracted increasing interest in providing greater capacity retention than their polycrystalline counterparts. However, after being cycled at high voltages, these single-crystal materials exhibit severe structural instability and capacity fade. Understanding how the surface structural changes determine the performance degradation over cycling is crucial, but remains elusive. Here, we investigate the correlation of the surface structure, internal strain, and capacity deterioration by using operando X-ray spectroscopy imaging and nano-tomography. We directly observe a close correlation between surface chemistry and phase distribution from homogeneity to heterogeneity, which induces heterogeneous internal strain within the particle and the resulting structural/performance degradation during cycling. We also discover that surface chemistry can significantly enhance the cyclic performance. Our modified process effectively regulates the performance fade issue of single-crystal cathode and provides new insights for improved design of high-capacity battery materials.
Engineering unsymmetrically coordinated Cu-S1N3 single atom sites with enhanced oxygen reduction activity
Authors: Shang Huishan , Zhou Xiangyi , Dong Juncai , Li Ang , Zhao Xu , Liu Qinghua , Lin Yue , Pei Jiajing , Li Zhi , Jiang Zhuoli , Zhou Danni , Zheng Lirong , Wang Yu , Zhou Jing , Yang Zhengkun , Cao Rui , Sarangi Ritimukta , Sun Tingting , Yang Xin , Zheng Xusheng , Yan Wensheng , Zhuang Zhongbin , Li Jia , Chen Wenxing , Wang Dingsheng , Zhang Jiatao , Li Yadong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtomic interface regulation is thought to be an efficient method to adjust the performance of single atom catalysts. Herein, a practical strategy was reported to rationally design single copper atoms coordinated with both sulfur and nitrogen atoms in metal-organic framework derived hierarchically porous carbon (S-Cu-ISA/SNC). The atomic interface configuration of the copper site in S-Cu-ISA/SNC is detected to be an unsymmetrically arranged Cu-S1N3 moiety. The catalyst exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity with a half-wave potential of 0.918 V vs. RHE. Additionally, through in situ X-ray absorption fine structure tests, we discover that the low-valent Cuprous-S1N3 moiety acts as an active center during the oxygen reduction process. Our discovery provides a universal scheme for the controllable synthesis and performance regulation of single metal atom catalysts toward energy applications.
Evolution from unimolecular to colloidal-quantum-dot-like character in chlorine or zinc incorporated InP magic size clusters
Authors: Kwon Yongju , Oh Juwon , Lee Eunjae , Lee Sang Hyeon , Agnes Anastasia , Bang Gyuhyun , Kim Jeongmin , Kim Dongho , Kim Sungjee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagic-sized clusters (MSCs) can be isolated as intermediates in quantum dot (QD) synthesis, and they provide pivotal clues in understanding QD growth mechanisms. We report syntheses for two families of heterogeneous-atom-incorporated InP MSCs that have chlorine or zinc atoms. All the MSCs could be directly synthesized from conventional molecular precursors. Alternatively, each series of MSCs could be prepared by sequential conversions. 386-InP MSCs could be converted to F360-InP:Cl MSCs, then to F399-InP:Cl MSCs. Similarly, F360-InP:Zn MSCs could be converted to F408-InP:Zn MSCs, then to F393-InP:Zn MSCs. As the conversion proceeded, evolution from uni-molecule-like to QD-like characters was observed. Early stage MSCs showed active inter-state conversions in the excited states, which is characteristics of small molecules. Later stage MSCs exhibited narrow photoinduced absorptions at lower-energy region like QDs. The crystal structure also gradually evolved from polytwistane to more zinc-blende.
Topological framework for directional amplification in driven-dissipative cavity arrays
Authors: Wanjura Clara C. , Brunelli Matteo , Nunnenkamp Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDirectional amplification, in which signals are selectively amplified depending on their propagation direction, has attracted much attention as key resource for applications, including quantum information processing. Recently, several, physically very different, directional amplifiers have been proposed and realized in the lab. In this work, we present a unifying framework based on topology to understand non-reciprocity and directional amplification in driven-dissipative cavity arrays. Specifically, we unveil a one-to-one correspondence between a non-zero topological invariant defined on the spectrum of the dynamic matrix and regimes of directional amplification, in which the end-to-end gain grows exponentially with the number of cavities. We compute analytically the scattering matrix, the gain and reverse gain, showing their explicit dependence on the value of the topological invariant. Parameter regimes achieving directional amplification can be elegantly obtained from a topological ‘phase diagram’, which provides a guiding principle for the design of both phase-preserving and phase-sensitive multimode directional amplifiers.
Diauxie and co-utilization of carbon sources can coexist during bacterial growth in nutritionally complex environments
Authors: Perrin Elena , Ghini Veronica , Giovannini Michele , Di Patti Francesca , Cardazzo Barbara , Carraro Lisa , Fagorzi Camilla , Turano Paola , Fani Renato , Fondi Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is commonly thought that when multiple carbon sources are available, bacteria metabolize them either sequentially (diauxic growth) or simultaneously (co-utilization). However, this view is mainly based on analyses in relatively simple laboratory settings. Here we show that a heterotrophic marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, can use both strategies simultaneously when multiple possible nutrients are provided in the same growth experiment. The order of nutrient uptake is partially determined by the biomass yield that can be achieved when the same compounds are provided as single carbon sources. Using transcriptomics and time-resolved intracellular 1H-13C NMR, we reveal specific pathways for utilization of various amino acids. Finally, theoretical modelling indicates that this metabolic phenotype, combining diauxie and co-utilization of substrates, is compatible with a tight regulation that allows the modulation of assimilatory pathways.
Strain-induced room-temperature ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 membranes
Authors: Xu Ruijuan , Huang Jiawei , Barnard Edward S. , Hong Seung Sae , Singh Prastuti , Wong Ed K. , Jansen Thies , Harbola Varun , Xiao Jun , Wang Bai Yang , Crossley Sam , Lu Di , Liu Shi , Hwang Harold Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdvances in complex oxide heteroepitaxy have highlighted the enormous potential of utilizing strain engineering via lattice mismatch to control ferroelectricity in thin-film heterostructures. This approach, however, lacks the ability to produce large and continuously variable strain states, thus limiting the potential for designing and tuning the desired properties of ferroelectric films. Here, we observe and explore dynamic strain-induced ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 by laminating freestanding oxide films onto a stretchable polymer substrate. Using a combination of scanning probe microscopy, optical second harmonic generation measurements, and atomistic modeling, we demonstrate robust room-temperature ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 with 2.0% uniaxial tensile strain, corroborated by the notable features of 180° ferroelectric domains and an extrapolated transition temperature of 400 K. Our work reveals the enormous potential of employing oxide membranes to create and enhance ferroelectricity in environmentally benign lead-free oxides, which hold great promise for applications ranging from non-volatile memories and microwave electronics.
Establishing the carrier scattering phase diagram for ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler thermoelectric materials
Authors: Ren Qingyong , Fu Chenguang , Qiu Qinyi , Dai Shengnan , Liu Zheyuan , Masuda Takatsugu , Asai Shinichiro , Hagihala Masato , Lee Sanghyun , Torri Shuki , Kamiyama Takashi , He Lunhua , Tong Xin , Felser Claudia , Singh David J. , Zhu Tiejun , Yang Jiong , Ma Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemical doping is one of the most important strategies for tuning electrical properties of semiconductors, particularly thermoelectric materials. Generally, the main role of chemical doping lies in optimizing the carrier concentration, but there can potentially be other important effects. Here, we show that chemical doping plays multiple roles for both electron and phonon transport properties in half-Heusler thermoelectric materials. With ZrNiSn-based half-Heusler materials as an example, we use high-quality single and polycrystalline crystals, various probes, including electrical transport measurements, inelastic neutron scattering measurement, and first-principles calculations, to investigate the underlying electron-phonon interaction. We find that chemical doping brings strong screening effects to ionized impurities, grain boundary, and polar optical phonon scattering, but has negligible influence on lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, it is possible to establish a carrier scattering phase diagram, which can be used to select reasonable strategies for optimization of the thermoelectric performance.
Genome-wide analysis in the mouse embryo reveals the importance of DNA methylation for transcription integrity
Authors: Dahlet Thomas , Argüeso Lleida Andrea , Al Adhami Hala , Dumas Michael , Bender Ambre , Ngondo Richard P. , Tanguy Manon , Vallet Judith , Auclair Ghislain , Bardet Anaïs F. , Weber Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMouse embryos acquire global DNA methylation of their genome during implantation. However the exact roles of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in embryos have not been studied comprehensively. Here we systematically analyze the consequences of genetic inactivation of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b on the methylome and transcriptome of mouse embryos. We find a strict division of function between DNMT1, responsible for maintenance methylation, and DNMT3A/B, solely responsible for methylation acquisition in development. By analyzing severely hypomethylated embryos, we uncover multiple functions of DNA methylation that is used as a mechanism of repression for a panel of genes including not only imprinted and germline genes, but also lineage-committed genes and 2-cell genes. DNA methylation also suppresses multiple retrotransposons and illegitimate transcripts from cryptic promoters in transposons and gene bodies. Our work provides a thorough analysis of the roles of DNA methyltransferases and the importance of DNA methylation for transcriptome integrity in mammalian embryos.
Deconstructing sarcomeric structure–function relations in titin-BioID knock-in mice
Authors: Rudolph Franziska , Fink Claudia , Hüttemeister Judith , Kirchner Marieluise , Radke Michael H. , Lopez Carballo Jacobo , Wagner Eva , Kohl Tobias , Lehnart Stephan E. , Mertins Philipp , Gotthardt Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProximity proteomics has greatly advanced the analysis of native protein complexes and subcellular structures in culture, but has not been amenable to study development and disease in vivo. Here, we have generated a knock-in mouse with the biotin ligase (BioID) inserted at titin’s Z-disc region to identify protein networks that connect the sarcomere to signal transduction and metabolism. Our census of the sarcomeric proteome from neonatal to adult heart and quadriceps reveals how perinatal signaling, protein homeostasis and the shift to adult energy metabolism shape the properties of striated muscle cells. Mapping biotinylation sites to sarcomere structures refines our understanding of myofilament dynamics and supports the hypothesis that myosin filaments penetrate Z-discs to dampen contraction. Extending this proof of concept study to BioID fusion proteins generated with Crispr/CAS9 in animal models recapitulating human pathology will facilitate the future analysis of molecular machines and signaling hubs in physiological, pharmacological, and disease context.
Highly parallel lab evolution reveals that epistasis can curb the evolution of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Lukačišinová Marta , Fernando Booshini , Bollenbach Tobias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenetic perturbations that affect bacterial resistance to antibiotics have been characterized genome-wide, but how do such perturbations interact with subsequent evolutionary adaptation to the drug? Here, we show that strong epistasis between resistance mutations and systematically identified genes can be exploited to control spontaneous resistance evolution. We evolved hundreds of Escherichia coli K-12 mutant populations in parallel, using a robotic platform that tightly controls population size and selection pressure. We find a global diminishing-returns epistasis pattern: strains that are initially more sensitive generally undergo larger resistance gains. However, some gene deletion strains deviate from this general trend and curtail the evolvability of resistance, including deletions of genes for membrane transport, LPS biosynthesis, and chaperones. Deletions of efflux pump genes force evolution on inferior mutational paths, not explored in the wild type, and some of these essentially block resistance evolution. This effect is due to strong negative epistasis with resistance mutations. The identified genes and cellular functions provide potential targets for development of adjuvants that may block spontaneous resistance evolution when combined with antibiotics.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factor UPF1 promotes aggresome formation
Authors: Park Yeonkyoung , Park Joori , Hwang Hyun Jung , Kim Byungju , Jeong Kwon , Chang Jeeyoon , Lee Jong-Bong , Kim Yoon Ki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) typifies an mRNA surveillance pathway. Because NMD necessitates a translation event to recognize a premature termination codon on mRNAs, truncated misfolded polypeptides (NMD-polypeptides) could potentially be generated from NMD substrates as byproducts. Here, we show that when the ubiquitin–proteasome system is overwhelmed, various misfolded polypeptides including NMD-polypeptides accumulate in the aggresome: a perinuclear nonmembranous compartment eventually cleared by autophagy. Hyperphosphorylation of the key NMD factor UPF1 is required for selective targeting of the misfolded polypeptide aggregates toward the aggresome via the CTIF–eEF1A1–DCTN1 complex: the aggresome-targeting cellular machinery. Visualization at a single-particle level reveals that UPF1 increases the frequency and fidelity of movement of CTIF aggregates toward the aggresome. Furthermore, the apoptosis induced by proteotoxic stresses is suppressed by UPF1 hyperphosphorylation. Altogether, our data provide evidence that UPF1 functions in the regulation of a protein surveillance as well as an mRNA quality control.
Chemodivergent transformations of amides using gem-diborylalkanes as pro-nucleophiles
Authors: Sun Wei , Wang Lu , Hu Yue , Wu Xudong , Xia Chungu , Liu Chao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmides are versatile synthetic building blocks and their selective transformations into highly valuable functionalities are much desirable in the chemical world. However, the diverse structure and generally high stability of amides make their selective transformations challenging. Here we disclose a chemodivergent transformation of primary, secondary and tertiary amides by using 1,1-diborylalkanes as pro-nucleophiles. In general, selective B-O elimination occurs for primary, secondary amides and tertiary lactams to generate enamine intermediate, while tertiary amides undergo B-N elimination to generate enolate intermediate. Various in situ electrophilic trapping of those intermediates allows the chemoselective synthesis of α-functionalized ketones, β-aminoketones, enamides, β-ketoamides, γ-aminoketones, and cyclic amines from primary, secondary, tertiary amides and lactams. The key for these transformations is the enolization effect after the addition of α-boryl carbanion to amides.
Linking electronic structure calculations to generalized stacking fault energies in multicomponent alloys
Authors: Natarajan Anirudh Raju , Van der Ven Anton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe generalized stacking fault energy is a key ingredient to mesoscale models of dislocations. Here we develop an approach to quantify the dependence of generalized stacking fault energies on the degree of chemical disorder in multicomponent alloys. We introduce the notion of a “configurationally-resolved planar fault” (CRPF) energy and extend the cluster expansion method from alloy theory to express the CRPF as a function of chemical occupation variables of sites surrounding the fault. We apply the approach to explore the composition and temperature dependence of the unstable stacking fault energy (USF) in binary Mo–Nb alloys. First-principles calculations are used to parameterize a formation energy and CRPF cluster expansion. Monte Carlo simulations show that the distribution of USF energies is significantly affected by chemical composition and temperature. The formalism is broadly applicable to arbitrary crystal structures and alloy chemistries and will enable the development of rigorous models for deformation mechanisms in high-entropy alloys.
Detecting non-Markovianity via quantified coherence: theory and experiments
Authors: Wu Kang-Da , Hou Zhibo , Xiang Guo-Yong , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Dong Daoyi , Nori Franco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of open quantum systems and manipulation of quantum resources are both of fundamental interest in quantum physics. Here, we investigate the relation between quantum Markovianity and coherence, providing an effective way for detecting non-Markovianity based on the quantum-incoherent relative entropy of coherence ($${\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}$$QIREC). We theoretically show the relation between completely positive (CP) divisibility and the monotonic behavior of the$${\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}$$QIREC. Also we implement an all-optical experiment to demonstrate that the behavior of the$${\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}$$QIREC is coincident with the entanglement shared between the system and the ancilla for both Markovian and non-Markovian evolution; while other coherence-based non-Markovian information carriers violate monotonicity, even in Markovian processes. Moreover, both theoretically and experimentally, we show that non-Markovianity enhances the ability of creating coherence on an ancilla. This is the first experimental study of the relation between dynamical behavior of the$${\mathcal{Q}}{\mathcal{I}}$$QIREC and the phenomenon of information backflow. Our methods for detecting non-Markovianity are applicable to general quantum evolutions.
The social brain of language: grounding second language learning in social interaction
Authors: Li Ping , Jeong Hyeonjeong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor centuries, adults may have relied on pedagogies that promote rote memory for the learning of foreign languages through word associations and grammar rules. This contrasts sharply with child language learning which unfolds in socially interactive contexts. In this paper, we advocate an approach to study the social brain of language by grounding second language learning in social interaction. Evidence has accumulated from research in child language, education, and cognitive science pointing to the efficacy and significance of social learning. Work from several recent L2 studies also suggests positive brain changes along with enhanced behavioral outcomes as a result of social learning. Here we provide a blueprint for the brain network underlying social L2 learning, enabling the integration of neurocognitive bases with social cognition of second language while combining theories of language and memory with practical implications for the learning and teaching of a new language in adulthood.
HIV-1-Associated Left Ventricular Cardiac Dysfunction in Humanized Mice
Authors: Dash Prasanta K. , Alomar Fadhel A. , Hackfort Bryan T. , Su Hang , Conaway Amy , Poluektova Larisa Y , Gendelman Howard E. , Gorantla Santhi , Bidasee Keshore R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe molecular cause(s) for early onset heart failure in people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) remains poorly defined. Herein, longitudinal echocardiography was used to assess whether NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic stem cells (Hu-NSG mice) and infected with HIV-1ADA can recapitulate the salient features of this progressive human disease. Four weeks post infection, Hu-NSG mice of both sexes developed left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), with 25% exhibiting grade III/IV restrictive DD with mitral regurgitation. Increases in global longitudinal and circumferential strains and declines in LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were observed eight weeks post infection. After twelve weeks of infection, 33% of Hu-NSG mice exhibited LV dyskinesia and dyssynchrony. Histopathological analyses of hearts seventeen weeks post infection revealed coronary microvascular leakage, fibrosis and immune cell infiltration into the myocardium. These data show for the first time that HIV-1ADA-infected Hu-NSG mice can recapitulate key left ventricular cardiac deficits and pathophysiological changes reported in humans with progressive HIV-1 infection. The results also suggest that HIV-1 infected Hu-NSG mice may be a useful model to screen for pharmacological agents to blunt LV dysfunction and associated pathophysiologic causes reported in PLWH.
Y-chromosome genetic diversity of Bos indicus cattle in close proximity to the centre of domestication
Authors: Ganguly Indrajit , Jeevan C. , Singh Sanjeev , Dixit S. P. , Sodhi Monika , Ranjan Ashish , Kumar Suchit , Sharma Anurodh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractY-chromosome genetic diversity in and around its domestication origin and a better understanding of indicine-specific microsatellite alleles are imperative concerns but less -targeted. We analysed Y-chromosome markers in 301 bulls representing 19 native Indian cattle (Bos indicus) and identified new alleles and haplotypes. Compared to other indicine studies, the high Y-haplotype diversity found in Indian cattle supports the hypothesis of greater genetic variability across the centre of origin decreasing along migratory routes with increasing distance. Hence, a considerable paternal genetic diversity of Indian cattle appears to have been lost in transboundary commercial indicine breeds. The Khillar and Gir are the most diversified populations where the first tends to be the well-differentiated traditional breed carrying strikingly distinct Y-lineages with typical BM861-158 bp allele, characteristics of taurine cattle, while retaining standard indicine lineages for all other markers. Geographical distribution found to be an unreliable predictor of parental variation, and Y-lineages seemed closely related to Indian breed function/utility. The comprehensive Y-chromosome information will be useful to examine the demographic expansion/spread of Bos indicus lineages from close proximity to the domestication centre across different countries worldwide and such diversity should be preserved through effective management and conservation programs.