bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Patient Reporting of Adverse Events and Quality of Life: A Prospective Feasibility Study in General Oncology
Authors: Kennedy Fiona , Absolom Kate , Clayton Beverly , Rogers Zoe , Gordon Kathryn , O’Connell Francischetto Elaine , Blazeby Jane M. , Brown Julia , Velikova Galina 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE: Adverse event (AE) reporting is essential in clinical trials. Clinician interpretation can result in under-reporting; therefore, the value of patient self-reporting has been recognized. The National Cancer Institute has developed a Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) for direct patient AE reporting. A nonrandomized prospective cohort feasibility study aimed to explore the compliance and acceptability of an electronic (Internet or telephone) system for collecting patient self-reported AEs and quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Oncology patients undergoing treatment (chemotherapy, targeted agents, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and/or surgery) at 2 hospitals were sent automated weekly reminders to complete PRO-CTCAE once a week and QOL (for a maximum of 12 weeks). Patients had to speak/understand English and have access to the Internet or a touch-tone telephone. Primary outcome was compliance (proportion of expected questionnaires), and recruitment rate, attrition, and patient/staff feedback were also explored. RESULTS: Of 520 patients, 249 consented (47.9%)—mean age was 62 years, 51% were male, and 70% were married—and 230 remained on the study at week 12. PRO-CTCAE was completed at 2,301 (74.9%) of 3,074 timepoints and QOL at 749 (79.1%) of 947 timepoints. Individual weekly/once every 4 weeks compliance reduced over time but was more than 60% throughout. Of 230 patients, 106 (46.1%) completed 13 or more PRO-CTCAE, and 136 (59.1%) of 230 patients completed 4 QOL questionnaires. Most were completed on the Internet (82.3%; mean age, 60.8 years), which was quicker, but older patients preferred the telephone option (mean age, 70.0 years). Positive feedback was received from patients and staff. CONCLUSION: Self-reporting of AEs and QOL using an electronic home-based system is feasible and acceptable. Implementation of this approach in cancer clinical trials may improve the precision and accuracy of AE reporting.
Item Response Theory Modeling of the International Prostate Symptom Score in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Lyauk Yassine Kamal , Jonker Daniël M. , Lund Trine Meldgaard , Hooker Andrew C. , Karlsson Mats O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractItem response theory (IRT) was used to characterize the time course of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-LUTS) measured by item-level International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS). The Fisher information content of IPSS items was determined and the power to detect a drug effect using the IRT approach was examined. Data from 403 patients with moderate-to-severe BPH-LUTS in a placebo-controlled phase II trial studying the effect of degarelix over 6 months were used for modeling. Three pharmacometric models were developed: a model for total IPSS, a unidimensional IRT model, and a bidimensional IRT model, the latter separating voiding and storage items. The population-level time course of BPH-LUTS in all models was described by initial improvement followed by worsening. In the unidimensional IRT model, the combined information content of IPSS voiding items represented 72% of the total information content, indicating that the voiding subscore may be more sensitive to changes in BPH-LUTS compared with the storage subscore. The pharmacometric models showed considerably higher power to detect a drug effect compared with a cross-sectional and while-on-treatment analysis of covariance, respectively. Compared with the sample size required to detect a drug effect at 80% power with the total IPSS model, a reduction of 5.9% and 11.7% was obtained with the unidimensional and bidimensional IPSS IRT model, respectively. Pharmacometric IRT analysis of the IPSS within BPH-LUTS may increase the precision and efficiency of treatment effect assessment, albeit to a more limited extent compared with applications in other therapeutic areas.
Determinants of Maternal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System Activation in Early Pregnancy: Insights From 2 Cohorts
Authors: Wiegel Rosalieke E , Jan Danser A H , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P M , Laven Joop S E , Willemsen Sten P , Baker Valerie L , Steegers Eric A P , von Versen-Höynck Frauke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
The corpus luteum (CL) secretes prorenin, renin’s inactive precursor. It may thus contribute to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) activation that is required for maternal adaptation in pregnancy. Whether this activation is disturbed in pregnancies lacking a CL is unknown.

Objective
The objective of this work is to investigate maternal RAAS determinants in early pregnancy.

Design and Setting
Two observational prospective cohort studies

took place at
2 tertiary referral hospitals.

Patients and Intervention(s)
Pregnancies (n = 277) were stratified by CL number and in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol: 0 CL (programmed cycle frozen embryo transfer [FET], n = 28), 1 CL (natural cycle FET, n = 41 and spontaneous conceptions, n = 139), and more than 1 CL (ovarian stimulation and fresh embryo transfer, n = 69).

Methods
Quantification was performed for maternal prorenin, renin, and aldosterone blood levels at 5, 9, and 11 weeks of gestation.

Results
Prorenin and renin were lower in the absence of a CL at all time points when compared to 1 CL, whereas prorenin, renin, and aldosterone were higher in the presence of more than 1 CL vs 1 CL (P &lt; .05). Ovarian stimulation with menopausal gonadotropin resulted in higher prorenin, renin, and aldosterone concentrations during the late first trimester than recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (P &lt; .05). Prorenin, and to a lesser degree renin, correlated positively with serum progesterone and relaxin, but not serum estradiol. Total follicle diameter, body mass index (BMI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) were additional determinants of circulating prorenin. Finally, pregnancies conceived in the absence of a CL were more disposed to develop preeclampsia.

Conclusions
CL number, IVF protocol, BMI, PCOS, and AMH affect maternal RAAS activation in early pregnancy, and may thus contribute to pregnancy complications.
Membrane trafficking in the retinal pigment epithelium at a glance
Authors: Storm Tina , Burgoyne Thomas , Futter Clare E. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialised pigmented monolayer sandwiched between the choroid and the photoreceptors in the retina. Key functions of the RPE include transport of nutrients to the neural retina, removal of waste products and water from the retina to the blood, recycling of retinal chromophores, absorption of scattered light and phagocytosis of the tips of the photoreceptor outer segments. These functions place a considerable membrane trafficking burden on the RPE. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we focus on RPE-specific adaptations of trafficking pathways. We outline mechanisms underlying the polarised expression of membrane proteins, melanosome biogenesis and movement, and endocytic trafficking, as well as photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis and degradation. We also briefly discuss theories of how dysfunction in trafficking pathways contributes to retinal disease.
Structural bioinformatics predicts that the Retinitis Pigmentosa-28 protein of unknown function FAM161A is a homologue of the microtubule nucleation factor Tpx2
Authors: Levine Timothy P. 
Published: August 2020

Background: FAM161A is a microtubule-associated protein conserved widely across eukaryotes, which is mutated in the inherited blinding disease Retinitis Pigmentosa-28. FAM161A is also a centrosomal protein, being a core component of a complex that forms an internal skeleton of centrioles. Despite these observations about the importance of FAM161A, current techniques used to examine its sequence reveal no homologies to other proteins. Methods: Sequence profiles derived from multiple sequence alignments of FAM161A homologues were constructed by PSI-BLAST and HHblits, and then used by the profile-profile search tool HHsearch, implemented online as HHpred, to identify homologues. These in turn were used to create profiles for reverse searches and pair-wise searches. Multiple sequence alignments were also used to identify amino acid usage in functional elements. Results: FAM161A has a single homologue: the targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein-2 (Tpx2), which is a strong hit across more than 200 residues. Tpx2 is also a microtubule-associated protein, and it has been shown previously by a cryo-EM molecular structure to nucleate microtubules through two small elements: an extended loop and a short helix. The homology between FAM161A and Tpx2 includes these elements, as FAM161A has three copies of the loop, and one helix that has many, but not all, properties of the one in Tpx2. Conclusions: FAM161A and ­its homologues are predicted to be a previously unknown variant of Tpx2, and hence bind microtubules in the same way. This prediction allows precise, testable molecular models to be made of FAM161A-microtubule complexes.
Marja ja Veikko, Sirje ja Aare – omakeelsed nimed Soomes ja Eestis 19. sajandist tänapäevani
Authors: Saarelma-Paukkala Minna , Hussar Annika 
Published: August 2020

Soome ja Eesti eesnimekasutuses on olulisi sarnasusi. Nagu mujalgi Euroopas kaasnes 19. sajandil mõlemal maal rahvusliku eneseteadvuse kasvuga soov luua omakeelne eesnimevara. Soomet võib pidada Eesti otseseks eeskujuks, kuivõrd sealt on laenatud ka rida nimesid. Paralleelsusi on näha omakeelsete nimede kasutusele tulekus: uute nimede moodustamises, levitusviisides ja omaksvõtus. Ka ajaliselt kujunes Soome eelkäijaks ning Eestis toimusid samalaadsed uuendused paarkümmend aastat hiljem. Artiklis vaadeldakse omakeelseid nimesid kitsamas tähenduses, st oma keelele toetuvate nimedena esitletud nimesid.
Abstract. Minna Saarelma-Paukkala and Annika Hussar: Names of native origin in Estonia and Finland from the 19th century to today. A significant change occurred in Finland and Estonia in the second half of the 19th century: given names of native origin were taken into use in addition to international names. Similar changes occurred in many other European countries in connection with the rise in national consciousness. Similar techniques were used in the creation of new names: heathen names in old documents; names from the folklore and mythology; artificially created names; names were translated. There are names which can be interpreted as versions of international names as well as names of native origin. In Estonia, it was recommended to borrow names from closely related languages and Finnish names were primarily borrowed. The Finns have borrowed some Estonian names. The spread of new names was facilitated by their introduction in calendars, their occurrence in the epos and fiction. As of the end of the 19th century, Finland has been ahead of Estonia in terms of time. Already in the last decades of the 19th century, approximately one tenth of children were given names of native origin in Finland. The peak years arrived in the 1930s–1940s when about one third of children were given characteristically Finnish names, girls more often than boys. In Estonia, the peak of female names of native origin occurred at the same time, approximately half of the girls were given names of native origin. Today, naming has become more and more individual, and names of native origin provide plenty of opportunities. In Finland, precisely the names of native origin constitute the source of uniqueness at the moment. In Estonia, the share of persons with unique names has been higher for a longer period of time, but on the account of many versions and spellings. Innovation in names in the 19th–20th centuries has had continuous impact on the use of names by Estonians and Finns. Both languages are full of examples of how certain agreeable structures, sound combinations or name elements will be repeated and reiterated in new names of individual creation.
Treatment of names in Zambia and Estonia: A comparative analysis
Authors: Chanda Osward , Päll Peeter 
Published: August 2020

Names constitute a key component of the cultural heritage of any region. Though geographically, culturally and linguistically apart, Estonia and Zambia share some elements and motivations in naming. Zambia’s British colonial experience and Estonia’s Danish, German, Polish, Swedish and Russian/ Soviet influence in the past made significant changes to personal and place names in both regions. Following independence, both states made strides in the indigenisation of names for promoting local heritage and national identity. Zambia predominantly focused on changing the names of some towns, and of the country (from Northern Rhodesia to Zambia). On the other hand, the Estonian onomastic experience has been more comprehensive – regulating both personal and place names, enacting corresponding laws and maintaining the Institute of the Estonian Language to oversee language and name planning, among other responsibilities.
Kokkuvõte. Osward Chanda ja Peeter Päll: Nimekorraldus Sambias ja Eestis: võrdlev analüüs. Artikkel vaatleb Sambia ja Eesti nimesituatsiooni erinevusi ja sarnasusi. Sambia on mitmekeelne maa, ametikeel on inglise; Eesti on ametlikult ükskeelne maa, praktikas käibivad eesti keele kõrval ka vene ja inglise keel. Sambia isikunimedes on perekonnanimed valdavalt kohalikku päritolu, eesnimed enamjaolt euroopalikud; kohanimed on valdavalt ühekordsed. Sambias ei ole erinevalt Eestist nimeseadusi isiku- ja kohanimede reguleerimiseks. Ühine on mõlema maa puhul asjaolu, et ajaloos on varem domineerinud võõrvõimud, mis on jätnud jälje nimepilti. Kui proovida sõnastada universaalseid nimekorralduspõhimõtteid, siis võiksid need olla 1) nimede kui kultuuripärandi kaitse; 2) kohalike nimekujude eelistamine; 3) nimede keeleline korrektsus, 4) oma kultuuriidentiteedi hoidmine, 5) nimede pragmaatiliste aspektide (eristatavus, nimeinfo kättesaadavus jm) arvestamine.
A 45-year follow-up study of juvenile schizophrenia. Part IV: clinical status and level of social adaptation 5 years after the first hospitalization in the context of disease course and long-term social functioning of patients
Authors: Ślosarczyk Mariusz , Ślosarczyk Katarzyna , Furgał Mariusz 
Published: August 2020

Cel pracyW literaturze przedmiotu rzadko spotyka się badania nad predyktorami przebiegu schizofrenii młodzieńczej, zwłaszcza oparte na danych pochodzących z długoterminowych katamnez. W naszej analizie badamy zależności pomiędzy stanem klinicznym i poziomem adaptacji społecznej w 5 lat po pierwszej hospitalizacji a wskaźnikami klinicznymi i społecznymi przebiegu choroby.Metoda69 pacjentów hospitalizowanych w wieku średnio 16 lat (punkt 0) z powodu schizofrenii (rediagnozowanej retrospektywnie wg kryteriów ICD-10) i powtórnie zbadanych w 5 lat później (punkt 1 – badanie osobiste dotyczyło 41 osób) zostało po raz kolejny poddanych ocenie pod kątem parametrów klinicznych i społecznych w 45 lat po wyjściowej hospitalizacji (punkt 2 – badanie osobiste dotyczyło 21 osób). Poza badaniem osobistym korzystano także z innych metod zbierania danych, w tym także z kwerend szpitalnych.WynikiObraz kliniczny schizofrenii w 5 lat po pierwszej hospitalizacji opisywany poprzez nasilenie psychopatologii, a także poprzez inne parametry stanu klinicznego (m. in. wgląd, poprawa kliniczna, zdolności relacyjne, GAF) ujawnił liczne i różnorodne korelacje zarówno z obrazem objawowym i klinicznym przebiegiem schizofrenii w 45 lat po pierwszej hospitalizacji, jak i odległym funkcjonowaniem społecznym badanych. Duże znaczenie rokownicze w analizach ujawniły również poziom psychotycznej nawrotowości, obecność tendencji autoagresywnych oraz jakość adaptacji szkolnej i zawodowej oceniane w punkcie 1.WnioskiPoziom funkcjonowania osiągnięty przez pacjenta w obszarach klinicznym i społecznym w ciągu 5 pierwszych lat po wyjściowej hospitalizacji okazał się istotnym czynnikiem prognostycznym w schizofrenii młodzieńczej.
Do low vitamin D levels facilitate renal parenchymal injury?
Authors: Bekdas Mervan , Calıskan Billur , Karabork Seyda , Acar Seher , Kabakus Nimet 
Published: August 2020

Background Decreased vitamin D levels lead to an increase in infectious diseases, including urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Objective To assess serum vitamin D levels in children with renal parenchymal injury secondary to UTIs.
Methods Forty-three upper UTI patients and 24 controls, aged 1–15 years, were included. Vitamin D levels and other laboratory tests were obtained when they first admitted to hospital. 99mTc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans were performed to evaluate renal parenchymal injury.
Results Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was lower in the upper UTI group compared to the control group [18 (SD 9) vs. 23 (SD 10.6) ng/mL, respectively; P=0.045]. The upper UTI group was sub-divided into two groups, those with 22 (51.1%) and without 21 (48.8%) renal parenchymal injury. Mean 25(OH)D was significantly lower in patients with renal parenchymal injury [15.1 (SD 7.1) vs. 21 (SD 9.9) ng/mL, respectively; P=0.03]. The renal parenchymal injury cases were further sub-divided into two groups: 8 patients (36.3%) with acute renal parenchymal injury and 14 (63.6%) with renal scarring (RS), but there was no significant difference in 25(OH)D between these two groups [12.5 (SD 8.9) vs. 16.6 (SD 5.7) ng/mL, respectively; P=0.14).
Conclusion Decreased vitamin D is associated with renal parenchymal injury in children with upper UTIs. However, vitamin D is not significantly decreased in renal scarring patients compared to acute renal parenchymal injury patients.
Ciência do Desporto na perspectiva de Jorge Bento para a formação de professores de Educação Física
Authors: Sobreira Vickele , Lení Nista-Piccolo Vilma , Wey Moreira Wagner 
Published: August 2020

Duas interrogações iniciais propiciaram a redação deste escrito: 1- É possível entender o Desporto de forma mais abrangente, superando a visão simplista de mera prática de modalidade esportiva? 2- Dar nova dimensão ao Desporto pode propiciar, na formação profissional em Educação Física, a busca de um sentido humano mais adequado? A partir destas questões, este estudo relaciona a Ciência do Desporto com a formação profissional em Educação Física, numa visão ampliada e de uma axiologia humanista, calcado em estudos realizados por Jorge Olímpio Bento, e teóricos dessa área que se apoiaram em suas reflexões. Com a proposta de contribuir com a produção de conhecimento, contextualizado e crítico, em Educação Física, esse artigo se pauta na Ciência do Desporto advogada pela Faculdade do Desporto da Universidade do Porto.
Javanese Cultural Paradoxism: A Visual Semiotics Study on Wayang Purwa Characters of Satria and Raseksa Figures
Authors: Subiyantoro Slamet , Kristiani Kristiani , Wijaya Yasin Surya 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to explore the paradoxical character values on visual semiotics wayang purwa of Raseksa and Satria profiles. Satria and Raseksa figures were selected using a purposive sampling technique, through wayang Pandavas and Kuravas. The study was designed with qualitative research approach; the data were collected using the techniques of interviews, observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed following the steps of data reduction, data display, and verification. The results of the research revealed that in wayang, the Raseksa and Satria figures represent a paradoxical representation of both the external structure and the inner structure. The outer structure is in the form of wayang purwa visual elements, which turns out to be the opposite shape from both Pandavas and Kuravas figures. The inner structure is more about the inseparable meaning and value from the outer structure. In semiotics, the visual element (outer structure) of Pandavas and Kuravas figures can be represented or interpreted based on their values and meanings (inner structure) in addition to show a conflict of meaning. The paradoxical cultural value in Javanese culture is essentially learning experienced-based humanity values manifested through puppet characters. This is exemplified by the Islamic example of the Prophet Muhammad and its mandatory and impossible natures. The wayang Satria may represent the obligatory nature (good character), and wayang Raseksa represent the impossible (bad character) of humans.
Atrioventricular Block in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Dionne Audrey , Mah Douglas Y. , Son Mary Beth F. , Lee Pui Y. , Henderson Lauren , Baker Annette L. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Fulton David R. , Newburger Jane W. , Friedman Kevin G. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
Children are at risk for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Cardiovascular complications, including ventricular dysfunction and coronary dilation, are frequent, but there are limited data on arrhythmic complications.

METHODS:
Retrospective cohort study of children and young adults aged ≤21 years admitted with MIS-C. Demographic characteristics, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram findings, and hospital course were described.

RESULTS:
Among 25 patients admitted with MIS-C (60% male; median age 9.7 [interquartile range 2.7–15.0] years), ECG anomalies were found in 14 (56%). First-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) was seen in 5 (20%) patients a median of 6 (interquartile range 5–8) days after onset of fever and progressed to second- or third-degree AVB in 4 patients. No patient required intervention for AVB. All patients with AVB were admitted to the ICU (before onset of AVB) and had ventricular dysfunction on echocardiograms. All patients with second- or third-degree AVB had elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels, whereas the patient with first-degree AVB had a normal brain natriuretic peptide level. No patient with AVB had an elevated troponin level. QTc prolongation was seen in 7 patients (28%), and nonspecific ST segment changes were seen in 14 patients (56%). Ectopic atrial tachycardia was observed in 1 patient, and none developed ventricular arrhythmias.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with MIS-C are at risk for atrioventricular conduction disease, especially those who require ICU admission and have ventricular dysfunction. ECGs should be monitored for evidence of PR prolongation. Continuous telemetry may be required in patients with evidence of first-degree AVB because of risk of progression to high-grade AVB.
Student opinion in focus
Authors: Nótin Ágnes , Ware Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAt the end of the first semester of the 2017/18 academic year, we conducted research in the form of focus groups on the attitudes of disadvantaged primary school students toward language learning and school. The students were asked about their thoughts relating to school, their self-perceived academic efficiency and their experiences related to English classes. The results show that the children (N = 17) generally have a positive attitude towards school work and English classes. In the English classes, ICT-supported learning (e.g. the use of tablets and smartboards) is present, which the students explicitly prefer compared to more traditional approaches. School attachment and attachment to the teacher in question also play an important role as the foundations of motivation in this work process.