bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P.2.06 Risk and prevention of sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis among workers handling epoxy resins
Authors: Christiansen Alexandra Golabek , Carstensen Ole , Sommerlund Mette , Clausen Per Axel , Schlünssen Vivi , Bønløkke Jakob , Ihlo Charlotte Amalie , Isaksson Marléne , Christoffersen Pia , Libak Christian , Illanes Marcus , Kolstad Henrik 
Published: May 2020

High prevalences of sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) have been reported among workers exposed to epoxy resin systems (ERS). Yet little is known about the risk when using up-to-date skin protection. Occupational skin exposure is rarely monitored and skin exposure to ERS is often left unrecognized. The objective of this project is to analyze the risk of sensitization and ACD among workers handling ERS and to assess a novel approach to optimize the prevention of dermatitis and sensitization by fluorescence visualization of exposure.Skin exposure will be visualized by a fluorescent tracer added to the ERS. UVA-light will illuminate the skin and the fluorescent areas will be recorded by a computer vision system with a limit of detection of 1 × 1 mm. In cooperation with global manufacturers of wind turbines, we will randomize 350 lamination workers to either an intervention or a control group. The intervention group will be shown images of their UVA-exposed skin, while the control group will not. The intervention will take place daily in 4 time periods, each lasting a month, during the 2 year follow-up period. All participants will be patch tested at baseline and at the end of follow-up with a tailored patch-test series containing 11 different products including epoxy resins and hardeners, in total comprising 30 potentially sensitizing compounds, that the workers handle. Participants are screened for dermatitis at start and at end of follow-up or end of employment. We will analyze the risk of sensitization, dermatitis and the risk of developing dermatitis when sensitized. We will also assess determinants for ERS exposure including working tasks and procedures. The potency of resins and hardeners to elicit contact allergy will be highlighted, as well as the frequency of concomitant contact allergies to different ERS compounds.
P.2.10 Healthcare provider communication and the duration of time off work among injured workers: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lane Tyler , Lilley Rebbecca , Black Ollie , Sim Malcolm , Smith Peter 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIn addition to biomedical treatment, healthcare providers (HCPs) may make psychosocial contributions to injured workers that aide rehabilitation and the return to work (RTW) process. We examined the effect on disability duration of several types of HCP communications with injured workers and stakeholders in the RTW process.ObjectivesTo test the effect of various HCP communications on time off work following injury.Research designWe analysed survey and administrative claims data from n=715 injured workers in Victoria, Australia. Survey responses were collected around five months post-injury and provided data on HCP communication and confounders. Administrative claims data provided data on compensated time off work. We conducted multivariate zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses, which evaluated both the likelihood of future time off work and its duration.MeasuresHCP communications included good interactions, estimated RTW date, activity discussions, prevention discussions, and stakeholder contact. Time off work was the count of cumulative compensated work absence in weeks, accrued post-survey.ResultsOnly RTW dates were predictive of no future time loss (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.74–4.03). RTW date (IRR: 0.71, 0.67–0.74), good interactions (IRR: 0.73, 0.70–0.76), and stakeholder contact (IRR: 0.92, 0.88–0.95) reduced time off work, while activity discussions predicted more time off work (IRR: 1.13, 1.08–1.19).ConclusionsHCPs may be able shorten disability durations through several types of communication. Of those evaluated in this study, RTW dates had the most robust effect.
P.2.12 Clustering of malignant pleural mesothelioma in asbestos factories in a 29-years follow-up study to identify high-risk industries in taiwan
Authors: Lee Lukas , Lin Cheng-Kuan , Pan Chih-Hong , Cheng Yawen , Chang Yu-Yin , Liou Saou-Hsing , Wang Jung-Der 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveExposure to asbestos is the major cause for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) but the causal link of individual cases is difficult to establish for lack of exposure information and long disease latency.MethodsWe established a retrospective cohort of workers employed in asbestos industries during the period of 1950–1989 and the occurrence of MPM during the period of 1980–2009 was examined with the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Estimated rate ratios (eRR) were computed for each factory where any case of MPM was diagnosed by assuming Poisson distribution with a minimal latency of 20 years.ResultsA total of 18 MPM (17 males, 1 female) in 8 factories were found. The incidence rate of MPM for the 8 factories was 18.0 per million, ranging from 6.2 per million (military factory) to 268.2 per million (asbestos cement). We observed significantly increased risks for MPM in asbestos cement, thermal insulation and shipbuilding industries, with eRR (genders combined) of 113.6, 87.5, and 15.8 respectively. The sensitivity analyses considering latency showed similar findings in latency ≥30 years, and the shipbuilding industry presented a significant eRR given a latency ≥40 years. The gender-specific eRR showed similar results in men, but high eRR of 729.6 was observed in an asbestos cement factory where a female MPM was diagnosed.ConclusionsThis nationwide study in Taiwan comprehensively showed different asbestos manufacturing processes, including asbestos cement, thermal insulation, and shipbuilding industries, at significantly increased risks for MPM. We recommend to establish a medical screening program for workers previously exposed to asbestos to identify MPM and other asbestos-related diseases at an earlier stage.
P.2.19 Effect of collaborative support of occupational and clinical physicians -evaluation of outcome due to treatment drop out in non-communicable diseases
Authors: Muto Go 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo develop a prediction model of outcome due to drop out in treatment for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Japan as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of collaboration between occupational and clinical physicians.MethodsUsing both claim and health check-up data (JMDC) of beneficiaries aged 20 to 74 years who were covered by health insurance societies between 2008 and 2016, we identified high risk 5 33 955 examinees of health checkups who met the following criteria and had no claim data on the corresponding items 4 months prior to the health checkups. The criteria was either blood pressure, blood glucose level, or blood lipid level provided by Japanese government.ResultsThe cumulative non-visiting rates at 12 months after health check-ups were 84.4%. The rate of drop off during treatment was over 70%. As for HT, DM, and DL, the cumulative non-visiting rates at 12 months were 84.3, 67.9, and 86.1%, respectively. When focusing on the high risk group, the rate was 74.0%, since the rate for extremely high risk DM (HbA1c≥8.4%) was 51.9%.ConclusionOver 80% high risk examinees of non-communicable diseases did not visit to medical institutions during 1 year period after health check-ups, although approximately half of the individuals with extremely high risk of DM visited to physicians at least one time. Finally, we developed a predictive scoring model for visiting to medical institutions as well as the risk of drop out from treatment, and it was well validated from both discrimination and calibration viewpoints. In addition, we evaluated the effectiveness of strategy for preventing treatment drop off through collaborative support from occupational and clinical physicians. This strategy enables public/occupational health staffs to individualize population for strong intervention and to support harmonization of treatment and work in NCDs.
P.2.27 Manganese exposure in steel and allied factory: cause of secondary parkinsonism
Authors: Roy Priyanka , Kumar Praveen 
Published: May 2020

Case presentationA 43 year old male presented with 6 months history of gradual onset and progressive bradykinesia, tremors of upper limbs and walking difficulty in the form of imbalance and short shuffling gait, slurring of speech with hypophonia. Neurological examination revealed slow broken saccades, rigidity with cogwheeling, bradykinesia and short shuffling, festinant gait. He had action and postural tremors of upper limbs. Pull test was positive. Thus a diagnosis of young onset Parkinsonism was considered. But, occupational history revealed that he worked in blast furnace of a steel and allied factory for past 14 years where manganese ore has been using for the strengthening of the stainless steel. He was evaluated with MRI Brain which showed symmetrical hyperintensities involving basal ganglia and subcortical white matter in T2 weighted images. T1 weighted images showed evidence of basal ganglia hyperintensities probably related to mineral deposition. Renal function, thyroid function tests including anti thyroid antibodies, KF Ring, S. Ceruloplasmin, Liver function tests, CSF, ultrasound abdomen- all were normal. Two consecutive serum manganese level tests in six months interval showed initial rise (two times) with the history of exposure and followed by normal level without the exposure. Patient was started on symptomatic medications like levodopa and trihexiphenidyl but after 8 months of medication (March- October, 2018) he had not showed any significant improvement. The written consent was taken from patient for this study.ConclusionIn view of strong occupational history of manganese exposure, the clinical features and non responsiveness of treatment with levodopa, a possibility of manganese toxicity was strongly considered for this rare case of secondary parkinsonism. Also non adherence with the legal mandate of periodical medical examination of workers exposed to toxic metals with long term consequence is very important factor to be corrected in the developing country like India.
O2B.1 What psychosocial factors at work are associated to workplace bullying? A study with judiciary brazilian civil servants from southern brazil
Authors: Feijó Fernando , Fassa Anaclaudia , Pearce Neil 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionWorkplace bullying has been currently described as one of the main psychosocial factors at work, with negative impact on health. Its causes and antecedents have been increasingly discussed by researchers, although there is still a lack of epidemiological evidence on the phenomenon. Therefore we aimed to evaluate the association between other psychosocial factors at work and bullying in a sample of Judiciary Brazilian Civil Servants.MethodsCross-sectional study with a sample of 1667 workers from the Federal Judiciary in southern Brazil. We used the Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale (PSC-12), the Job Stress Scale (JSS) and the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale Scale(ERI) in order to evaluate psychosocial antecedents of bullying at work. The Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ-r) was used to measure bullying. Poisson regression was used to test associations between bullying and psychosocial factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of bullying (exposure to a weekly negative act) was 17.7%. High risk Psychosocial Safety Climate, High Job Strain and High Effort-Reward Imbalance increased the prevalence of bullying in 3.14 (CI 2.20–4.49), 5.68 (CI 3.86–8.35) and 4.12 (3.05–5.57) times, respectively. The Poisson Regression model including all psychosocial risks showed that all psychosocial factors were strongly and independently associated with bullying (p<0.001). High risk psychosocial safety climate was associated with a 82% higher prevalence of bullying, while high job strain and high effort-reward imbalance were associated with a 172% and 140%, respectively, higher prevalence of bullying.DiscussionThese findings corroborate the hypothesis that social and organizational factors at work are key determinants of workplace bullying. Interventions to target bullying and protect workers health should focus on work organization and work processes.
K-04 Conceptualizing child labor in conflict settings: the case of syrian refugees
Authors: Habib Rima 
Published: May 2020

The persistence of child labor as a widespread global phenomenon is a result of the failure to challenge the conditions of economic injustice and child exploitation. Underlying this failure are policy frameworks that do not address the underlying conditions that produce child labor, namely state fragility, armed conflict, and environmental problems. An estimated 250 million children live in armed-conflict affected areas (Raqib, 2017), where the incidence of child labor is at least 77% higher than the global average (International Labour Organization, 2017). UNICEF (2016) estimates that about 535 million children live in conflict or disaster-stricken areas. Child labor thrives under these conditions because of the poverty, vulnerability, and lack of opportunities characteristic of - areas affected by conflict and ecological disasters. The international system has not addressed the root causes of child labor, failing to raise and coordinate adequate relief and development resources when conflicts transpire.This presentation will propose a new theoretical framework on child labor that incorporates the prominent role state fragility and armed conflict play in the constitution of this phenomenon. The presentation will further explore this theoretical framework through a case study of child labor in Syrian refugee communities. The Syrian conflict has resulted in one of the greatest humanitarian crises of the 21stcentury. Over 5.6 million Syrians have become refugees, mostly residing in the neighboring countries of Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon. Bleak prospects for Syrian refugee youth have raised concerns of a ‘lost generation’ of children who have had their housing, schooling, and childhoods interrupted. The combination of inadequate national refugee policies, abject poverty, and withering international aid for the crisis have made child labor endemic among many Syrian refugee communities in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey (Küppers & Ruhmann, 2016; International Labour Organization et al., 2017; Habib et al., 2019). This address will share stories that elucidate how child labor takes root in conflict settings and how the international community can better address the challenges facing those who are most vulnerable.
O2B.4 Factors on sickness absence among workers and moderating effect of job stress in korea
Authors: Ryu Hyang-Woo , Moon Deog-Hwan , Lee Sang-Gil 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze the various factors affecting the sickness absence of Korean workers and to confirm the moderating effect of job stress.MethodWe analyzed the data of nationwide labor environment survey conducted by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) in 2011. This study covered 49 870 workers, excluding abnormal values. We analyzed the effects of the work environment and the moderating effect of job stress to the absence of sickness.ResultsThe number of sickness absent from the study was 4621 (9.3%), total sickness absence was 30,640 days, and the average period of sickness absence was 6.6 days. The factor with significant difference of illness absenteeism was education, monthly income, size of workplace, drinking opportunity, worker position, musculoskeletal disease risk factor, and subjective health status. The interaction effect between the control variable and the independent variable was significantly different from the job stress ×musculoskeletal disorder factor.Sickness absence was higher in middle school graduates, monthly incomes more than one million won, workplaces with 10 or more workers, and in the non-alcoholic group.Musculoskeletal disorders and subjective health status showed a positive effect on sickness absence. The number of days of sickness absence increased and the subjective health condition got worse as the musculoskeletal disorders increased. As job stress increased, sickness absence increased. We found that the job stress interacted with musculoskeletal disease factors and affected sickness absence.ConclusionIt is necessary to prepare measures to improve subjective health condition, and to fully utilize the moderating job stress factors to reduce the factors of musculoskeletal diseases.
O2C.1 Worker compensation: are epidemiological studies fit for purpose?
Authors: Rushton Lesley 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionEvery year, large numbers of workers have an injury at work or develop a work-related disease. A range of worker compensation systems exist across countries for which epidemiological studies potentially provide critical evidence. This paper discusses the adequacy of current epidemiological research for this purpose.MethodsCompensation schemes need to identify the occupational circumstances, or dose, that increase (e.g. double) the risks of the disease, and to define these so they can be administered effectively by decision-makers who lack epidemiological experience. Large studies or meta-analyses with effective control for confounders, adequate exposure assessment, and clear case definition are (ideally) required.ResultsAlthough epidemiological studies may show consistent evidence of an increased health risk from an occupational exposure, definitions of exposure are often unsuitable for converting into an appropriate exposure schedule for a compensation scheme. Direct measurements of occupational exposure are usually scarce and not available for individual workers; both claimants, perhaps, assessors would find these measurements difficult to access and use. Exposures defined by industry or job title, particularly with a qualifying time-period, although perceived by epidemiologists as rather simplistic, are more straightforward to use, e.g. ‘osteoarthritis in miners who have worked 10 or more years underground’. If quantitative exposure measurements are unavailable, epidemiologists often define qualitative metrics such as ‘high’, ‘medium’, or ‘low’ or develop more complex semi-qualitative exposure metrics such as ‘exposed or not’ at a given level of certainty or probability; intensity of exposure based on expert judgement of proximity to the substance and effectiveness of control procedures. Application of these in a compensation scheme may be problematical.DiscussionEpidemiology plays a vital role in ensuring workers are compensated for work-related ill-health. Epidemiological study design, exposure metrics and primary and subsidiary analyses should be tailored to directly support compensation schemes.
O3C.2 A 30-year impact analysis of best practices for silica dust exposure reduction in construction: costs, benefits and hrql
Authors: Tompa Emile , Mofidi Amirabbas , Jung Young , Song Chaojie , Jardine Kate , Arrandale Victoria , Tenkate Thomas , Davies Hugh , Demers Paul 
Published: May 2020

Crystalline silica dust exposure is common in the construction sector. In fact, it is the industry with the largest number of people exposed in Canada. Inhalation of silica dust is known to cause lung cancer, silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis. The hierarchy of controls provide a range of prevention options for reducing or eliminating exposure. In this study we undertake an impact analysis of the implementation of two exposure reduction approaches—use of personal protective equipment by all exposed individuals and use of engineering controls wherever and whenever feasible.We estimated the intervention costs over a 30 year time period (2020–2050) of each exposure reduction approach implemented across the entire sector in Ontario, Canada, and considered equipment, maintenance, training, and productivity costs of each approach over the time period. The economic impacts from lung cancer cases averted due to exposure reduction included three broad categories of impacts—direct, indirect and intangible. We took a societal-level perspective in the analysis. All costs and benefits were discounted to the beginning of the exposure reduction period. Various sensitivity analyses were undertaken with key parameters.Findings suggest the net benefit is positive from 2055 onward for both reduction approaches, i.e., there is a positive return on investment at the societal level. The largest component of benefits is from health-related quality of life gains, with productivity/output gains accounting for the second largest component. Healthcare savings is the smallest component, primarily because cancer cases incur relatively modest health costs due to their short life-expectancy following diagnosis.Promoting the use of personal protective equipment and engineering controls across the construction sector can substantially reduce exposures to silica dust and give rise to net benefits at the societal level in terms of improvements in health-related quality of life, increased productivity/output, and reduce healthcare costs.
O3C.4 Increases the risk of sarcoidosis by silica exposure? A case-control study
Authors: Vihlborg Per , Graf Pål , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionSarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with unknown etiology that involves the formation of granulomas, mainly in the lungs and/or intrathoracic lymph nodes. Hypothesis about the etiology of sarcoidosis are combination of genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have linked exposure to silica dust with increased risk of sarcoidosis.ObjectA case-control study to investigate the silica exposure among Swedish sarcoidosis cases.MethodsThe data was collected from the National non-primary outpatient care register kept by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. All cases between the age of 20 and 65 with the diagnosis Sarkoidos-D86 according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition (ICD-10) was included in the study (11 772 cases). The information was matched towards the register for cause of death and the register for emigration.For each case two controls were included matched for age, sex, was resident in the same county, should not be first degree relatives to cases and not have been diagnosed with the investigated disease using the Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics (SCB) multigeneration register. Cases and controls was matched against SCBs occupational registry for work profession. The levels of silica dust exposure were estimated using NOCCA-JEM (Nordic Occupational Cancer study job-exposure matrix) a modified version of the Finnish Information System on Occupational Exposure job-exposure matrix (FINJEM) which is a well-established method of estimating exposure.ResultCases of sarcoidosis have an increased exposure to silica before diagnosis (1.19; 95%  CI 1.1 to 1.30).ConclusionThe increased exposure to silica among sarcoidosis cases suggest that silica can be an environmental factor that contribute to development of sarcoidosis.