bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Pregnancy and COVID-19: Signs and Symptoms, Laboratory Tests and Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Hassanipour Soheil , Faradonbeh Saeed Bagheri , Momeni Khalil , Heidarifard Zahra , Khosousi Mohammad-Javad , Khosousi Leila , Ameri Hosein , Arab-Zozani Morteza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the clinical manifestation include signs and symptoms, laboratory results, and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed via LitCovid hub, Embase, Scopus, Web of sciences, and Google scholar on 07 April 2020. Meta-analysis was performed via CMA software using the Mantel-Haenszel method. The event rate with 95% CI was calculated for each variable.ResultsTen studies were selected. The pooled prevalence for fever, post-partum fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, dyspnea, sore throat, and diarrhea were 66.8 %, 37.1 %, 35.5 %, 24.6 %, 14.9%, 14.6 %, 11.5%, and 7.6 %, respectively. Laboratory test results were 49.8 % for lymphopenia, 47.7 % for leukocytosis, 83.7 % for elevated neutrophil ratio, 57 % for elevated C-reactive protein, and 71.4 % for decreased lymphocyte ratio. The rate of cesarean section for delivery in all cases was 84%. Only one case was the newborn of a mother with COVID-19 positive. Also, there was only one death due to Decreased lymphocyte ratio.ConclusionFever was the most common signs and symptoms in pregnant women with COVID-19. Among the laboratory tests, the highest amount was related to elevated neutrophil ratio. It seems that due to the differences between pregnant women and the general population, special measures should be considered to treat these patients.
Colonies ofAcropora formosawith greater survival potential show conservative calcification rates
Authors: Clark Vanessa , Mellow-Athayde Matheus A. , Dove Sophie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are facing increasingly devasting impacts from ocean warming and acidification due to anthropogenic climate change. In addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, potential solutions have focused either on reducing light stress during heating, or the potential for identifying or engineering “super corals”. These studies, however, have tended to focus primarily on the bleaching response of corals, and assume that corals that bleach earlier in a thermal event are more likely to die. Here, we explore how survival, potential bleaching, and coral skeletal growth (as branch extension and densification) varies for conspecifics collected from distinctive reef zones at Heron Island on the Southern Great Barrier Reef. A series of reciprocal transplantation experiments were undertaken using the dominant reef building coral (Acropora formosa) between the highly variable ‘reef flat’ and the less variable ‘reef slope’ environments. Coral colonies originating from the reef flat had higher rates of survival and thicker tissues but reduced rates of calcification than conspecifics originating from the reef slope. The energetics of both populations however benefited from greater light intensity offered in the shallows. Reef flat origin corals moved to the lower light intensity of reef slope reduced protein density and calcification rates. ForA. formosa, genetic difference, or long-term entrainment to a highly variable environment, appeared to promote coral survival at the expense of calcification. The response divorces coral resilience from carbonate coral reef resilience, a response that was further exacerbated by reductions in irradiance. As we begin to discuss interventions necessitated by the CO2that has already been released to the atmosphere, we need to prioritise our focus on the properties that maintain valuable carbonate ecosystems. Rapid and dense calcification by corals such as branchingAcroporais essential to the ability of carbonate coral reefs to rebound following disturbances events, but may be the first property that is sacrificed to enable coral genet survival under stress.
Diversity and distribution of landscape types in Norway
Authors: Simensen Trond , Erikstad Lars , Halvorsen Rune 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNorwegian landscapes are changing at an increasingly rapid rate, and systematically structured information about observable landscape variation is required for knowledge-based management of landscape diversity. Here we present the first version of a complete, area-covering, evidence-based landscape-type map of Norway, simultaneously addressing geo-ecological, bio-ecological and land-use related variation at the landscape level. We do so by applying map algebra operations on publicly available geographical data sets with full areal coverage for Norway. The type system used in the mapping is supported by systematically structured empirical evidence. We present the results of the mapping procedure, including the geographical distribution and descriptive statistics (abundance and areal coverage) for each of the identified landscape types. We identify nine major landscape types based on coarse-scale landform variation and, within the six inland and coastal major types, 284 minor landscape types are defined based on the composition of geo-ecological, bio-ecological, and land use-related landscape properties. The results provide new insights into the geography of Norwegian marine, coastal and inland landscapes. We discuss potential errors, uncertainties and limitations of the landscape-type maps, and address the potential value of this new tool for research, management and planning purposes.
Herbal medicine of Kursi Wufarikun Ziyabit inhibits mitochondrial ATP production to activate AMPK in hepatocytes in therapy of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yasen Mireguli , Jiang Lan , Sharofova Mizhgona , Xin Xuelei , Nuraliev Yusuf , Ye Jianping , Aisa Haji Akber 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe herbal medicine of Kursi Wufarikun Ziyabit contains two herbs (Geranium collinumSteph.ex Willd andHypericum ScabrumLnn) in the formula of ethnomedicine. It is usually used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus with a significant therapeutic efficacy. However, the molecular mechanism remains unknown for the action of medicine. In this study, we investigated the mechanism with a focus on an extract (GC30) of the medicine in the regulation of energy metabolism in hepatocytes. GC30 was prepared from a crude extract of the medicine through elution of an AB-8 macro porous resin column loaded with the medicine in 30% ethanol. GC30 exhibited an activity in the inhibition of triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the mouse hepatocytes through a suppression of SREBP1c activity. FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) expression was induced by GC30 in a dosage-dependent manner at concentrations of 25 - 100 μg/ml. The induction was observed in mRNA and protein of FGF21, which were peaked at 2 hours and lasted for 8 hours in the response to GC30 (100 μg/ml). The transcription of FGF21 gene was induced by GC30 for an increase in the FGF21 gene promoter activity. AMPK and PKA activities were induced by GC30 with an elevation in their phosphorylation status, which were associated with a reduction in ATP abundance and an increase in CREB phosphorylation in cells treated with GC30. Oxygen consumption of mitochondria was inhibited in the hepatocytes by GC30. These activities of GC30 were similar to those of diabetes medicines including metformin and berberine. The data suggest that GC30 inhibited ATP production in mitochondria to activate AMPK and PKA in the hepatocytes to induce FGF21 expression. This study suggests a novel activity of the herbal medicine in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in the hepatocytes.
A roadmap for the characterization of energy metabolism in human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Emanuelli Giulia , Zoccarato Anna , Papadopoulos Angelos , Chong Mei , Beretta Matteo , Betteridge Kai , Streckfuss-Bömeke Katrin , Shah Ajay M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are an increasingly employed model in cardiac research and drug discovery. A significant limitation with respect to clinical translation is their immature structural and functional phenotype. Cellular metabolism plays an integral role in determining phenotype but the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM during maturation is poorly characterized. In this study we employ a combination of methods including extracellular flux and13C-glucose flux analyses to study the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM over a 12 week maturation period. Results show a progressive remodeling of pathways involved in energy metabolism and substrate utilization. The oxidative capacity of hiPSC-CM and particularly their ability to utilize fatty acids increased with time. In parallel, relative glucose oxidation was reduced while glutamine oxidation was maintained at similar levels. Anaerobic glycolysis as assessed by lactate production was maintained throughout the 12 week period but with significant alterations in proximal glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. We also observed a progressive maturation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity at comparable levels of mitochondrial content between timepoints. The time-dependent restructuring of the hiPSC-CM metabolic profile indicates their potential to overcome the lack of full maturation previously reported and enhance their applicability for pharmacological studies and cardiac disease modeling.
Acinetobacter baylyi regulates type IV pilus synthesis by employing two extension motors and a motor protein inhibitor
Authors: Ellison Courtney K. , Dalia Triana N. , Klancher Catherine A. , Shaevitz Joshua W. , Gitai Zemer , Dalia Ankur B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacteria use extracellular appendages called type IV pili (T4P) for diverse behaviors including DNA uptake, surface sensing, virulence, protein secretion, and twitching motility1. Dynamic extension and retraction of T4P is essential for their function, yet little is known about the mechanisms controlling these dynamics or the extent to which their regulation is conserved across bacterial species. Here, we develop Acinetobacter baylyi as a new model to study T4P by employing a recently developed pilus labeling method2,3. Our findings overturn the current dogma that T4P extension occurs through the action of a single, highly conserved motor, PilB, by showing that T4P synthesis in A. baylyi is dependent on an additional, phylogenetically distinct motor, TfpB. Furthermore, we uncover an inhibitor of T4P extension that specifically binds to and inhibits PilB but not TfpB. These results expand our understanding of T4P regulation and highlight how inhibitors might be exploited to inhibit T4P synthesis.
β-adrenergic control of sarcolemmal CaV1.2 abundance by small GTPase Rab proteins
Authors: del Villar Silvia G. , Voelker Taylor L. , Spooner Heather C. , Dickson Eamonn J. , Dixon Rose E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe number and activity of Cav1.2 channels in the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma tunes the magnitude of Ca2+-induced Ca2+release and myocardial contraction. β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation stimulates sarcolemmal insertion of CaV1.2 channels. This supplements the pre-existing sarcolemmal CaV1.2 population, forming large ‘super-clusters’ wherein neighboring channels undergo enhanced cooperative-gating behavior, amplifying Ca2+influx and myocardial contractility. Here, we determine this stimulated insertion is fueled by an internal reserve of early- and recycling endosome-localized, pre-synthesized CaV1.2 channels.βAR-activation decreased CaV1.2/endosome colocalization in ventricular myocytes, as it triggered ‘emptying’ of endosomal CaV1.2 cargo into the sarcolemma. We examined the rapid dynamics of this stimulated insertion process with live-myocyte imaging of channel trafficking, and discovered that CaV1.2 are often inserted into the sarcolemma as pre-formed, multi-channel clusters. Likewise, entire clusters were removed from the sarcolemma during endocytosis, while in other cases, a more incremental process suggested removal of individual channels. The amplitude of the stimulated insertion response was doubled by co-expression of constitutively-active Rab4a, halved by co-expression of dominant-negative Rab11a, and abolished by co-expression of dominant-negative mutant Rab4a. In ventricular myocytes,βAR-stimulated recycling of CaV1.2 was diminished by both nocodazole and latrunculin-A, suggesting an essential role of the cytoskeleton in this process. Functionally, cytoskeletal disruptors preventedβAR-activatedCa2+current augmentation. Moreover,βAR-regulation of CaV1.2 was abolished when recycling was halted by co-application of nocodazole and latrunculin-A. These findings reveal thatβAR-stimulation triggers an on-demand boost in sarcolemmal CaV1.2 abundance via targeted, Rab4a and Rab11a-dependent insertion of CaV1.2 channels is essential forβAR-regulation of cardiac CaV1.2.Significance StatementThe L-type voltage-gated Ca2+channel CaV1.2 is essential for excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. During the fight-or-flight response, CaV1.2 channel activity is augmented as a result of PKA-mediated phosphorylation, downstream of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) activation. We discovered that enhanced sarcolemmal abundance of CaV1.2 channels, driven by stimulated insertion/recycling of specific CaV1.2 containing endosomes, is essential forβAR-mediated regulation of these channels in the heart. These data reveal a new conceptual framework of this critical and robust pathway for on-demand tuning of cardiac EC-coupling during fight-or-flight.
International work integrated learning (WIL) in undergraduate paramedicine programs: a cross-sectional survey of practice models in Australasia
Authors: Johnson Sarah , Thyer Liz , Simpson Paul 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe proliferation of undergraduate paramedicine programs has led to a surge in demand for work integrated learning (WIL), placing pressure on domestic ambulance service placement capacity. The objective of this study was to establish a baseline understanding of international WIL in paramedicine university programs.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study design was utilized to gather data from Australasian universities offering undergraduate paramedicine. A telephone survey was used to gather quantitative and qualitative data using a tailored questionnaire.FindingsOf 15 eligible paramedicine programs, seven program leads participated. All offered international WIL, predominantly short-duration format in locations including United Kingdom, USA, Israel, Nepal, Indonesia, Timor-Leste, New Zealand, South Africa, Finland, Canada and Vanuatu. Two distinct models were identified: academic-accompanied, group “study tours” and unaccompanied individual placements. International WIL is common in paramedicine but placement models, rationale and expected learning experiences are diverse.Originality/valueInternational WIL is an increasing component of paramedicine and other health discipline degrees, yet the pedagogical rationale for their inclusion and typology is not always clear. This paper provides an insight into the variance in international WIL typology in a single health discipline highlighting the heterogeneity and need for future research linking into the structure, support and assessment of international WIL.
Testing the role of functional trait expression in plant–plant facilitation
Authors: van der Merwe Stephni , Greve Michelle , Olivier Bernard , le Roux Peter C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPositive biotic interactions between plant species may strongly affect species and community‐level patterns, but the processes through which benefactor species alter the performance of interacting species (via, e.g. beneficial mechanisms like resource provisioning) are still inadequately understood. One poorly explored potential explanation is that plant–plant facilitation could occur through the impact of benefactor species on the functional trait expression of beneficiary species. Indeed, plant species that affect local conditions can modify functional trait expression of interacting species, thereby improving their performance and resulting in a facilitative interaction. However, the response of intraspecific trait variation to biotically driven microhabitat modification, and its role in determining the outcome of plant–plant interactions, has rarely been explored.Here, we test whether growing with benefactor species affects the expression of functional traits of eight species, encompassing different plant growth forms, in two contrasting study systems. This is achieved using a paired sampling approach to compare values of seven functional traits of conspecific individuals growing within and adjacent to cushion plants (i.e. benefactor species which are known to strongly alter microhabitat conditions and to have positive effects on some of the focal species). In addition, we test whether the effect of biotic interactions on functional trait expression changes along elevational gradients, as the outcome of biotic interactions is expected to vary with elevation.Contrary to predictions, in both systems, intraspecific trait variation was not well explained by the biotic interaction with the cushion plant species or the variation in abiotic conditions associated with elevational gradients. Where biotic interactions did affect functional trait expression and bivariate trait relationships, traits responded variably between species, suggesting that context specificity may be a constraint to predicting how intraspecific trait variation responds to plant–plant interactions, adding to the growing body of literature that challenges the generality and predictability of the drivers of intraspecific trait variation.This research, therefore, suggests that benefactor species’ facilitative process is likely not through an impact on intraspecific trait expression, and that instead other processes may be more important for translating beneficial microhabitat modification or increased resource availability by benefactor species into positive impacts on beneficiary species.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A Cu‐only superoxide dismutase from stripe rust fungi functions as a virulence factor deployed for counter defense against host‐derived oxidative stress
Authors: Zheng Peijing , Chen Liyang , Zhong Suye , Wei Xiaobo , Zhao Qi , Pan Qinglin , Kang Zhensheng , Liu Jie 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPlants quickly accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to resist against pathogen invasion, while pathogens strive to escape host immune surveillance by degrading ROS. However, the nature of the strategies that fungal pathogens adopt to counteract host‐derived oxidative stress is manifold and requires deep investigation. In this study, a superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) PsSOD2 with a signal peptide (SP) and the glycophosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor, strongly induced during infection, was analysed for its biological characteristics and potential role in wheat–Pst interactions. The results showed that PsSOD2 encodes a Cu‐only SOD and responded to ROS treatment. Heterologous complementation assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest that the SP of PsSOD2 is functional for its secretion. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that PsSOD2 is localized to the plasma membrane. In addition, knockdown of PsSOD2 by host‐induced gene silencing reduced Pst virulence and resulted in restricted hyphal development and increased ROS accumulation. In contrast, heterologous transient assays of PsSOD2 suppressed flg22‐elicited ROS production. Taken together, our data indicate that PsSOD2, as a virulence factor, was induced and localized to the plasma membrane where it may function to scavenge host‐derived ROS for promoting fungal infection.
Diverse phylogeny and morphology of magnetite biomineralized by magnetotactic cocci
Authors: Liu Peiyu , Liu Yan , Zhao Xiang , Roberts Andrew P. , Zhang Heng , Zheng Yue , Wang Fuxian , Wang Lushan , Menguy Nicolas , Pan Yongxin , Li Jinhua 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are diverse prokaryotes that produce magnetic nanocrystals within intracellular membranes (magnetosomes). Here, we present a large‐scale analysis of diversity and magnetosome biomineralization in modern magnetotactic cocci, which are the most abundant MTB morphotypes in nature. Nineteen novel magnetotactic cocci species are identified phylogenetically and structurally at the single‐cell level. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the cocci cluster into an independent branch from other Alphaproteobacteria MTB, that is, within the Etaproteobacteria class in the Proteobacteria phylum. Statistical analysis reveals species‐specific biomineralization of magnetosomal magnetite morphologies. This further confirms that magnetosome biomineralization is controlled strictly by the MTB cell and differs among species or strains. The post‐mortem remains of MTB are often preserved as magnetofossils within sediments or sedimentary rocks, yet paleobiological and geological interpretation of their fossil record remains challenging. Our results indicate that magnetofossil morphology could be a promising proxy for retrieving paleobiological information about ancient MTB.
Parity‐related variation in cortisol concentrations in hair during pregnancy
Authors: Marteinsdottir I , Sydsjö G , Faresjö Å , Theodorsson E , Josefsson A 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) monthly in pregnant women and to explore the effect of parity.DesignProspective cohort study from gestational week (GW) 26, at childbirth and postpartum.SettingAn antenatal care clinic in southeast Sweden.Sample390 pregnant women.MethodsCortisol was measured using radioimmunoassay in methanol extracts of ground hair samples.Main outcome measuresHair cortisol concentrations.ResultsBoth primi‐ and multiparae exhibited an increase in HCC throughout pregnancy. Primiparae had significantly higher HCC in the latter part of the last trimester compared with multiparae (1 month P = 0.003, 2 months P = 0.038). The use of psychotropic medication in the first trimester correlated to HCC postpartum (P < 0.001). HCC in GW 14–17 was associated with HCC in GW 18–21 (primiparae and multiparae, P < 0.001), GW 22–25 (primiparae P = 0.036, multiparae P = 0.033), and 2 months postpartum (primiparae P = 0.049). HCC in GW 18–21 was associated with GW 22–25 in both primiparae (P < 0.001) and multiparae (P < 0.001) as well as 2 months prior to childbirth among primiparae (<0.037). In general, all estimates of HCC in pregnancy and postpartum showed a significant association between HCC for a specific month and the HCC in the previous month (all P < 0.001), except for the association of HCC among primiparae in GW 22–25 and 3 months prior to childbirth.ConclusionsIncreased cortisol concentrations in hair were observed during pregnancy, which decreased 3 months prior to childbirth in multiparae. The results indicate a quicker suppression of the hypothalamic CRH (corticotropin‐releasing hormone) production by placenta CRH in multiparous women.Tweetable abstractMultiparae have a quicker suppression of hypothalamic CRH production by placenta CRH during pregnancy compared to primiparae.