bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE BREEDING STRUCTURE OF TREE SPECIES IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST. I: FAMILY CLUMPS AND INTRAPOPULATION DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: SAKAI KAN-ICHI 
Published: October 2019

BreedingÂ structuresÂ ofÂ twoÂ tropicalÂ rainÂ forestÂ tree species,Â AltingiaÂ excelsaÂ inÂ JavaÂ andÂ Agathis borneensis inÂ KalimantanÂ wereÂ investigated.Â AssumingÂ thatÂ similarityÂ inÂ theÂ assortmentÂ patternÂ ofÂ the isoperoxidase bands tells genetic relationship between trees, on the one hand, and that inbreedingÂ increases smallerÂ valuesÂ ofÂ theÂ disagreementÂ counts,Â onÂ theÂ other,Â itÂ hasÂ beenÂ concluded thatÂ inbreedingÂ occurs considerably in Altingia excelsa and to some extent in Agathis borneensis. Finding that trees showing very low disagreement counts are located close to each other, they were grouped as an assumptive family. It was found that different families were quite dissimilar with respect to isoperoxideÂ constitution and in severalÂ leaf characters as well. The distance between two trees at which they can mate is estimated to be 16 to 18 meters or 16.5 meters and the area one family occupies is 200 to 250 m^, assuming that a family clump can be a breeding unit in Altingia excelsa, within which trees mate at random. Some families were distributed mixed with each other withinÂ the matingÂ distance,Â butÂ theyÂ wereÂ foundÂ stillÂ genetically differentiatedÂ fromÂ eachÂ other. This reproductiveÂ isolationÂ amongÂ familiesÂ isÂ interpretedÂ toÂ beÂ dueÂ toÂ geneticÂ differencesÂ betweenÂ familiesÂ in flowering time. In Agathis borneensis,Â there was no indication of family clump formation. Related trees may have been widely scattered in the forest, and the inbreeding of the species may be due to self-fertilization of individual trees and not to outcrossing between relatives.
SHADING EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND PARTITIONING OF PLANT BIOMASS IN PASPALUM CONJUGATUM BERG
Authors: IPOR I,B 
Published: October 2019

Glasshouse studies were carried out to determine the effect of shading on the growth and partitioning of plant biomass in Paspalum conjugatum Berg. The invidual leaf rate expansion, final leaf are, specific leaf area, and the whole plant vegetative growth pattern, dry-matter production, leaf area as well as biomass partitioning were significantly influenced by shading. At the 75% level of shading, P. conjugatum produced the highest values of leaf weightÂ ratio,Â specificÂ leafÂ areaÂ andÂ leafÂ areaÂ ratio.Â IndividualÂ leafÂ assessmentÂ revealedÂ thatÂ shading significantly increased the final leaf area, duration of leaf expansion and specific leaf area.
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND LENGTH OF STORAGE ON FUNGAL INVASION OF PADDY RICE *)
Authors: E. PADERES DANILO 
Published: October 2019

The relationship of moisture content and storage period to fungal population, seed germination, grain whiteness and translucency was determined. Various fungal species predominated at different moisture conditions and storage periods. The fungi observed belong to the groups of Aspergillus flavus-oryzae, A. glaucus, A. mdulans. A. candidus, A. versicolor, A. terreus and A. niger andÂ an unidentified species of Penicillium, Trichoconiella, Curvularia, Fusarium, SyncephalastrumÂ and Verticillium. The predominant storage fungi were A. fla\iis-oryzae and A. candidus whereas, the predominant field fungi were Trichoconiella sp., Cun-ularia sp. and Syncepfialastrwn sp. A decrease in the number of field fungi and an increase in the number of storage fungi with storage time were observed. Storage fungi were noted as early as five weeks after storage at moisture contents from 9.3 to 18.33%. The percentage germination of paddy remained high when stored at moisture contents of 9.3 to 14% but decreased with storage time at 14.5 to 18.33% moistureÂ content. TheÂ percentage germination of paddyÂ reachedÂ a peakÂ atÂ 10-15 weeks ofÂ storage. AÂ significant negative correlation between percent germination and moisture content was observed. At 14.5-18.33% moisture content, the germination of stored paddy decreased with a marked increase of storage molds. ChangesÂ in grain whiteness wasÂ notÂ affected by moistureÂ content. However,Â aÂ decreaseÂ in percentÂ whitenessÂ and translucency was noted after 25 weeks of storage.Keywords:Â Â Â Â Â Â Stored products pests / Rice / Moisture content / Storage / Time / Fungi / Aspergillus sp. / Penicillium sp. / Trichoconiella sp. / Curvularia sp. / Fusarium sp./ Syncephalastrum sp. / Verticillium sp.Â
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PROCECIDOCHARES CONNEXA IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA : A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA
Authors: THTROSEMITO SOEKISMAN 
Published: October 2019

Kirinyu (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson) was reported for the first time in 1934 from Lubuk Pakam North Sumatera. It grows vegetatively during the wet season, flowers and sets a high number of fruits at the end of the wet season, and senesces during the dry season. It may be controlled manually by uprooting the weed or by slashing, and chemically by spraying with herbicides. However, this has not been successful. Recently a biological control agent, Procecidochares connexa was introduced at Parung Panjang, West Java, as a biological control agent of C. odorata. This paper reports the successful establishment of Procecidochares connexa. Two releases of P. connexa colonies were made in Parung Panjang at the end of 1995. The colony was able to survive through a harsh dry season of 1997. When C. odorata was swept by fire, the emerging shoots soon were attacked by P. connexa. The population of C. odorata went down to 37.2% with 31.8% of its emerging shoots attacked by P. connexa in a 2-year period. When twigs were attacked byÂ P. connexa,Â the production of cypsellas was reduced by about 50% in one season. However, the survival of emerging flies was also affected by the death of twigs upon maturation of the cypsellas. Key words: Biological controUChromolaena odoratalProcecidochares connexa
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN ALGINATE BEADS IN PROMOTING THE GROWTH OF SEVERAL DIPTEROCARP SEEDLINGS
Authors: SUPRIYANTO SUPRIYANTO 
Published: October 2019

The effectiveness of six species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Scleroderma columnare, S.dictyosporum, Laccaria toccata, Rhizopogon luteolus, Amanita umbronata and Descomyces sp.) in alginate beads in promoting the growth of four species of dipterocarp seedlings (Shorea pinanga, S.leprosula, S.ovalis and Hopea odorata) were studied. Different sodium alginate concentrations of 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/L were tested to find out the best bead's elasticity and spore germination. Seedling height, Relative Field Mycorrhizal Dependency, percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, nutrient absorption, and the formation of Hartig's net and mantle structure of dipterocarp seedlings were observed 4 months after inoculation. The best elasticity of alginate beads was found in the concentration of sodium alginate of 15 g/L. The best growth increment was found in Hopea odorata inoculated with Amanita umbronata (126.60 %) followed by Shorea pinanga inoculated with Descomyces sp. (27.10%), Shorea ovalis inoculated with Amanita umbronata (26.90 %) and Shorea leprosula inoculated with Descomyces sp. (24.20 %) over the control. The highest Relative Field Mycorrhizal Dependency was found in Hopea odorata followed by Shorea ovalis, S. pinanga and S. leprosula. The highest mycorrhizal colonization was obtained in Shorea pinanga inoculated with Descomyces sp. (75%), while inoculation with Amanita umbronata on S.leprosula, S.ovalis and Hopea odorata increased mycorrhizal colonization i.e. 64.5 %, 52.5%, and 46.2 %, respectively. Hartig's net and mantle structures were well formed in Shorea leprosula as well as S.ovalis seedlings with all mycorrhizal fungi tested, while in S.pinanga seedlings these structures were only well formed with Descomyces sp. There is no clear difference in P levels in the leaves following inoculation as compared to the controls. Key words: Mycorrhizas/AlginateÂ beads/Scleroderma columnare/Scleroderma dictyosporumlLaccaria laccatalRhizopogon luteoluslAmanita umbronatalDescomycesÂ sp./Growth/Dipterocarpace-ae/Seedlings.
THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS, FUNGI AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS IN STORED COFFEE BEANS IN LAMPUNG
Authors: S. DHARMAPUTRA OKKY , SUNJAYA SUNJAYA , RETNOWATI INA , AMAD MUHAMMAD 
Published: October 2019

A survey on postharvest handling and technology processing of coffee beans at farmer, trader and exporter levels was conducted in West Lampung and Tanggamus regencies of Lampung province during harvest time (July 1998). Interviews and sampling of coffee beans were carried out during the survey. The number of respondents at farmer, trader and exporterÂ levels was 22, 20 and 4, respectively, while the number of samples collected from each level was 20. All samples were analyzed for moisture content, physical quality, insect and fungal infestation, reducing sugar content, and coffee cupping. The results of the interviews indicated that postharvest handling and technology processing became better from farmers to exporters. Moisture contents of coffee beans collected from farmers and traders were higher than the tolerable limit recommended by SNI (13%). Physical quality of coffee beans collected from exporters was higher than that collected from farmers and traders. Insects were found on coffee beans collected from farmers, traders and exporters, but the number of species and the percentage of samples infested by insects from each level were relatively low. The predominant species was Liposcelis entomophila. The number of fungal species on coffee beans collected from farmers was higher thanÂ that collected from traders and exporters. The predominant species at the three levels was Aspergillus niger, but the lowest percentage of beans infected by this fungus was found on coffee beans collected from exporters. The lowest percentage of samples infected by all fungi was also found on coffee beans collected from exporters. Reducing sugar content of coffee beans collected from exporters was lower than that from farmers and traders. Aroma and flavor values tended to increase from farmers through traders to exporters, while the body decreased. Some off-flavors (i.e. earthy, mouldy, fermented and woody) were encountered in a few coffee samples from farmers as well as from traders. There was no off-flavor encountered in the coffee samples from exporters. Key words:Â Â Â Stored products pests/Postharvest handling/Technology processing/Moisture content Physical quality/Insect/Fungi/Reducing sugars/Coffee cupping/Coffee/ Lampung.
Litter Fall in A Primary and Two Logged-over Lowland Tropical Rainforests in Pasirmayang, Jambi.
Authors: WASRIN UPIK ROSALINA , PUTERA AGUS EKA 
Published: October 2019

Litter accumulation in aÂ primary and a logged-overÂ lowland dipterocarpÂ forest at Pasirmayang, Jambi was measured using the litter trap method. In the primary forest, traps were placed in four distinct areas, reflecting the succession stages of the forest from building to maturation. In the logged-over forest, litter production was measured at two different sites, one cut in 1979/1980 and the second in 1983/1984. In the primary forest, average litter production during the observation period was 925 g m"2yr'. In the logged-over forest, average litter production was 721 g m'2Â yr1Â for the site cut in 1979/1980 and 706 g m'2Â yr1Â for the site cut in 1983/1984. Leaves comprised the major contributor of litter with 67% of total litter produced in the primary forest, 67% of total litter in the 1979/1980 cut logged-over forest, and 65% of total litter in the 1983/1984 cut logged-over forest. The purpose of the study wasÂ to use litter fall as a measure of forest productivityÂ to assess the recovery of logged-over forests and, to provide a basis for comparison of forest-derived land practices for appropriate forest management strategies. Key words: Litter production/primary forest/logged-over forest/forest productivity/Pasirmayang/Jambi.
Novel Autoimmune IgM Antibody Attenuates Atherosclerosis in IgM Deficient Low-Fat Diet–Fed, but Not Western Diet–Fed
Apoe
–/–
Mice
Authors: Cherepanova Olga A. , Srikakulapu Prasad , Greene Elizabeth S. , Chaklader Malay , Haskins Ryan M. , McCanna Mary E. , Bandyopadhyay Smarajit , Ban Bhupal , Leitinger Norbert , McNamara Coleen A. , Owens Gary K. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), such as the oxidized derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, have been shown to be the principal biologically active components of minimally oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). The role of OxPL in cardiovascular diseases is well recognized, including activation of inflammation within vascular cells. Atherosclerotic
Apoe
–/–
mice fed a high-fat diet develop antibodies to OxPL, and hybridoma B-cell lines producing natural anti-OxPL autoantibodies have been successfully generated and characterized. However, as yet, no studies have been reported demonstrating that treatment with OxPL neutralizing antibodies can be used to prevent or reverse advanced atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results:

Here, using a screening against 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, we generated a novel IgM autoantibody, 10C12, from the spleens of
Apoe

–/–

mice fed a long-term Western diet, that demonstrated potent OxPL neutralizing activity in vitro and the ability to inhibit macrophage accumulation within arteries of
Apoe

–/–

mice fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. Of interest, 10C12 failed to inhibit atherosclerosis progression in
Apoe

–/–

mice treated between 18 and 26 weeks of Western diet feeding likely due at least in part to high levels of endogenous anti-OxPL antibodies. However, 10C12 treatment caused a 40% decrease in lipid accumulation within aortas of secreted IgM deficient,
sIgM

–/–

Apoe

–/–

, mice fed a low-fat diet, when the antibody was administrated between 32-40 weeks of age.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these results provide direct evidence showing that treatment with a single autoimmune anti-OxPL IgM antibody during advanced disease stages can have an atheroprotective outcome.
Analytical Investigation of the Role of Lateral Mixing in the Evolution of Nonprecipitating Cumulus. Part II: Dissolving Stage
Authors: Pinsky M. , Khain A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A minimalistic analytical model allowing analysis of the dissolving stage of nonprecipitating convective clouds is proposed. The model takes into account two mechanisms: turbulent mixing with a dry environment and cloud volume settling. The temporal changes in the spatial structure of a cloud and in its immediate environment in the course of cloud dissolving are analyzed. The comparison of the effects of a temperature increase in the course of cloud descent and mixing with dry surrounding air shows that the descent is a dominating factor determining a decrease in the liquid water content (LWC), while mixing has a stronger effect on the cloud shape. Narrowing/broadening of clouds due to lateral mixing with dry air during cloud dissolving is determined by the potential evaporation parameter proportional to the ratio of the saturation deficit in the cloud environment to LWC. An equation for cloud dissolving time is obtained. After a cloud totally dissolves, it leaves behind an area with humidity exceeding that of the environment. The main parameter determining the dissolving time is the downdraft velocity. It should exceed 50 cm s−1 in order to provide reasonable dissolving time. The turbulent intensity, LWC, and humidity of the environment air also have an impact on dissolving time: the lower the LWC and the humidity of environment air, the faster cloud dissolving is. The simple solution presented in this paper can be useful for evaluation of cloud characteristics at the dissolving stage and can be included in procedures of parameterization of cloud cover formed by nonprecipitating or slightly precipitating cumulus clouds (Cu). Values of the environment humidity and temperature, LWC at cloud top, cloud width, vertical velocity of downdraft, and the turbulent coefficient should be parameters of this parameterization.
Gene Expression Analysis to Investigate Biological Networks Underlying Nasal Inflammatory Dysfunctions Induced by Diesel Exhaust Particles Using an In Vivo System
Authors: Kim Hyun Soo , Kim Byeong-Gon , Park Sohyeon , Kim Nahyun , Jang An-Soo , Seo Young Rok , Park Moo Kyun 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Diesel exhaust particles (DEP)s are notorious ambient pollutants composed of a complex mixture of a carbon core and diverse chemical irritants. Several studies have demonstrated significant relationships between DEP exposure and serious nasal inflammatory response in vitro, but available information regarding underlying networks in terms of gene expression changes has not sufficiently explained potential mechanisms of DEP-induced nasal damage, especially in vivo. Methods: In the present study, we identified DEP-induced gene expression profiles under short-term and long-term exposure, and identified signaling pathways based on microarray data for understanding effects of DEP exposure in the mouse nasal cavity. Results: Alteration in gene expression due to DEP exposure provokes an imbalance of the immune system via dysregulated inflammatory markers, predicted to disrupt protective responses against harmful exogenous substances in the body. Several candidate markers were identified after validation using qRT-PCR, including S100A9, CAMP, IL20, and S100A8. Conclusions: Although further mechanistic studies are required for verifying the utility of the potential biomarkers suggested by the present study, our in vivo results may provide meaningful suggestions for understanding the complex cellular signaling pathways involved in DEP-induced nasal damages.
Psychopathological outcomes of adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms
Authors: Winsper Catherine , Wolke Dieter , Scott Jan , Sharp Carla , Thompson Andrew , Marwaha Steven 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Despite considerable morbidity and functional losses associated with adolescent borderline personality disorder, little is known about psychopathological outcomes. This study examined associations between adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms and subsequent depressive, psychotic and hypomanic symptoms. Methods: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Participants were adolescents living in the community who had data for all longitudinal outcomes ( N = 1758). We used logistic regression and path analysis to investigate associations between borderline personality disorder (five or more probable/definite symptoms) reported at age 11–12 years and depressive and psychotic symptoms reported at age 12 and 18, and lifetime hypomanic symptoms reported at age 22–23 years. Results: Adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms were associated with psychotic symptoms (odds ratio: 2.36, confidence interval: [1.82, 3.06]), diagnosis of depression at age 18 years (odds ratio: 1.30, confidence interval: [1.03, 1.64]) and hypomanic symptoms (odds ratio: 2.89, confidence interval: [2.40, 3.48]) at 22–23 years. Path analysis controlling for associations between all outcomes indicated that borderline personality disorder symptoms were independently associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.97, p < 0.001) at 12 years and hypomanic (β = 0.58, p < 0.01) symptoms at 22–23 years. Borderline personality disorder symptoms were also associated with psychotic symptoms at age 12 years (β = 0.58, p < 0.01), which were linked (β = 0.34, p < 0.01) to psychotic symptoms at age 18 years. Conclusion: Adolescents with borderline personality disorder symptoms are at future risk of psychotic and hypomanic symptoms, and a diagnosis of depression. Future risk is independent of associations between psychopathological outcomes, indicating that adolescent borderline personality disorder symptoms have multifinal outcomes. Increasing awareness of borderline personality disorder in early adolescence could facilitate timely secondary prevention of these symptoms subsequently, helping to prevent future psychopathology.
The intravascular ultrasound morphometry of iliac veins in subjects without severe chronic venous insufficiency and its implications for treatment indications and stent size selection
Authors: Dzieciuchowicz Łukasz , Krzyżański Radosław , Kruszyna Łukasz , Krasinski Zbigniew , Gabriel Marcin , Oszkinis Grzegorz 
Published: October 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report the intravascular ultrasound morphometry of iliac veins and its relation to demographic and anthropometric factors in subjects without chronic venous insufficiency. Methods Thirty-three patients, without chronic venous insufficiency – qualified to great saphenous vein stripping due to unilateral, primary varicose veins – participated in the study. During the surgery, left and right external iliac veins, common iliac veins and inferior vena cava were interrogated with intravascular ultrasound. The morphometric analysis included measurement of a cross-sectional area at normal, non-stenosed vein segments (ref-CSA) and at the point of the most prominent narrowing (minimal lumen area (MLA)). Based on these measurements, a percentage of stenosis (S%) and calculated lumen diameter of interrogated veins were determined according to the following formulas, S% = (ref-CSA–MLA)/ref-CSA × 100 and CLD = 2 × √(ref-CSA/π), respectively. Results Median ref-CSA, S% and calculated lumen diameter were 265.3 mm2, 45.8% and 18.4 mm for inferior vena cava; 193.9 mm2, 62.4% and 15.7 mm for left common iliac veins; 166.9 mm2, 35.7% and 14.2 mm for right common iliac veins; 136.5 mm2, 48.0% and 12.8 mm for left external iliac veins and 140.9 mm2, 46.3% and 13.5 mm for right external iliac veins. There were statistically significant differences between left and right common iliac veins ref-CSA, common iliac veins S% and common iliac veins calculated lumen diameter (p = 0.03, p < 0 and p = 0.03, respectively). The S% of left external iliac veins was greater in women 52.2 versus 37.2% in men (p = 0.04). Neither age nor anthropometric factors had any influence on the calculated lumen diameter of the analysed veins. A negative correlation between the left common iliac veins S% and the age was observed (p = 0.03). Conclusions In adult subjects, the calculated lumen diameter of the common iliac veins is greater on the left side and is not influenced by age and body size. Common iliac vein stenosis occurs more frequently on the left side, decreases with age and tends to be more frequent in women.