bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the importance of river hydrodynamics in simulating groundwater levels and baseflows
Authors: Quan Tran Quoc , Meert Pieter , Huysmans Marijke , Willems Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch to date affirmed the key role of stream–aquifer interactions in integrated water resources management. The importance of river hydrodynamics on the spatial and temporal behaviour of groundwater was, however, not yet fully investigated. In contrast to the common approach where topography‐based estimates of riverbed elevation may lead to inappropriate discretization and constant river stages, this study couples a fully hydrodynamic and one‐dimensional river model to a two‐dimensional catchment hydrological model. The surface and subsurface runoff, groundwater, and river components are integrated into a single modelling framework. The coupled model was applied to a medium sized catchment in Belgium with three model setups, in which the level of detail of representation of river hydrodynamics varies. Further model iterations were carried out for the most exhaustive setup to assess the importance of the bi‐directional interactions between model components. Results show that higher details of river hydrodynamics help to improve the simulation of time‐averaged groundwater levels. However, the impacts were not that clear for the time‐varying groundwater levels. Moreover, visual and statistical model performance evaluation indicates a strong enhancement of the coupled models compared to the output from the hydrological model with respect to river discharge observations at catchment outlet and at internal stations. It also reveals the impact of river hydrodynamics on groundwater discharges when the most detailed setting delivered the highest performance among the three coupled models.
Con la ley y sin la ley/With and without the law: Utilization of abortion services and case fatality in Mexico, 2000–2016
Authors: Darney Blair G. , Fuentes‐Rivera Evelyn , Polo Gerardo , Saavedra‐Avendaño Biani , Alexander Lily T. , Schiavon Raffaela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe utilization of health services for, and case fatality from, abortion in Mexico.MethodA historical cohort study using a census of state‐level aggregate hospital discharge and primary care clinic data across Mexico's 32 states from January 2000 to December 2016. Abortive events and changes over time in utilization per 1000 women aged 15–44 years, and case fatality per 100 000 abortion‐related events were described by year, health sector, and state. Associations of location (Mexico City vs 31 other states) and time (Mexico City implemented legal abortion services in 2007) with outcomes were tested by linear regression, controlling for secular trends.ResultsThe national abortion utilization rate was 6.7 per 1000 women in 2000, peaked at 7.9 in 2011, and plateaued to 7.0 in 2016. In Mexico City, utilization peaked at 16.7 in 2014 and then plateaued. Nationwide, the case‐fatality rate declined over time from 53.7 deaths per 100 000 events in 2000 to 33.0 in 2016. Case fatality declined more rapidly in Mexico City than in the other 31 states to 12.3 in 2015.ConclusionCase fatality from abortive events has decreased across Mexico. Where abortion became legal, utilization increased sharply but plateaued afterward.
Osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells on eggshells‐derived hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for tissue engineering
Authors: Patel Dinesh K. , Jin Bin , Dutta Sayan Deb , Lim Ki‐Taek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from biowaste eggshells through sonication followed by the heat treatment. Calcium oxide as a precursor moiety for the synthesis of HAp was obtained through the heat treatment of eggshells at 900°C for 3 hr. The prepared HAp was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The appearance of the FTIR absorption peaks in between at 516–1031 and 3,636 cm−1 shows phosphate and hydroxyl groups in prepared HAp, respectively. The XRD‐patterns indicate the formation of HAp started within 5 min of sonication. The SEM morphologies suggested that the synthesized HAp was highly crystalline and compact. We tested the elemental analysis of the synthesized HAp through X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The higher Ca/P ratio has observed in heat‐treated HAp. These results show that heat treatment facilitates the formation of highly crystalline and compact HAp. Cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were also evaluated in the presence of HAp. No significant cytotoxicity was noted in the presence of HAp, suggested their biocompatibility. Enhanced osteogenesis of hMSCs occurred with HAp powder, confirming the feasibility in the treatment of osteogenesis. Thus, synthesized HAp has the potential to use a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications for bone tissues.
Deterioration of Cortical and Trabecular Microstructure Identifies Women With Osteopenia or Normal Bone Mineral Density at Imminent and Long-Term Risk for Fragility Fracture: A Prospective Study
Authors: Chapurlat Roland , Bui Minh , Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Zebaze Roger , Delmas Pierre D. , Liew Danny , Lespessailles Eric , Seeman Ego 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
More than 70% of women sustaining fractures have osteopenia or “normal” bone mineral density (BMD). These women remain undetected using the BMD threshold of −2.5 SD for osteoporosis. As microstructural deterioration increases bone fragility disproportionate to the bone loss producing osteopenia/normal BMD, we hypothesized that the structural fragility score (SFS) of ≥70 units, a measure capturing severe cortical and trabecular deterioration, will identify these women. Distal radial images were acquired using high-resolution peripheral quantitative tomography in postmenopausal French women, mean age 67 years (range 42–96 years); 1539 women were followed for 4 years (QUALYOR) and 561 women followed for 8 years (OFELY). Women with osteopenia or normal BMD accounted for ~80% of fractures. Women ≥70 years, 29.2% of the cohort, accounted for 39.2% to 61.5% of fractures depending on follow-up duration. Women having fractures had a higher SFS, lower BMD, and a higher fracture risk assessment score (FRAX) than women remaining fracture-free. In each BMD category (osteoporosis, osteopenia, normal BMD), fracture incidence was two to three times higher in women with SFS ≥70 than &lt;70. In multivariable analyses, associations with fractures remained for BMD and SFS, not FRAX. BMD was no longer, or weakly, associated with fractures after accounting for SFS, whereas SFS remained associated with fracture after accounting for BMD. SFS detected two-to threefold more women having fractures than BMD or FRAX. SFS in women with osteopenia/normal BMD conferred an odds ratio for fracture of 2.69 to 5.19 for women of any age and 4.98 to 12.2 for women ≥70 years. Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analyses showed a significant area under the curve (AUC) for SFS, but not BMD or FRAX for the women ≥70 years of age. Targeting women aged ≥70 years with osteopenia indicated that treating 25% using SFS to allocate treatment conferred a cost-effectiveness ratio &lt; USD $21,000/QALY saved. Quantifying microstructural deterioration complements BMD by identifying women without osteoporosis at imminent and longer-term fracture risk. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Contextualizing negative sense of community and disconnection among urban youth of color: “Community…We ain't got that”
Authors: Lardier David T. , Barrios Veronica R. , Forenza Brad , Herr Kathryn G. , Bergeson Carrie , Suazo Catherine Michelle , Garcia‐Reid Pauline , Reid Robert J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe explore the experiences of urban youth of color, as well as perceptions, of feeling disconnected and having an overall negative sense of community (SOC). Drawing on data from 11 focus groups, youth (N = 59) describe their communities and lived experiences. We document several themes put forward through the lens of SOC and community connection that highlight perceived lack of membership, needs fulfillment, influence, and overall emotional connection to their community. Unpacking youth's perceptions of their community, we suggest that—in the face of such realities—community‐based organizations, such as those the youth find themselves in, aid in creating connectedness and help heal youth from the effects of social conditions experienced daily.
Synthesis, reactions, and antimicrobial activity of some novel pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐c]pyrimidine, and pyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐c]pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Saleh Fatma M. , Abdallah Tayseer A. , Mohamed Yasmin Sh. , Awad Enas M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTreatment of N‐phenyl‐substituted benzenecarbo‐hydrazonoyl chlorides 1a‐d with malononitrile in sodium ethoxide solution gave 5‐amino‐4‐cyanopyrazole derivatives 2‐5. Compounds 2‐5 were converted to formidate derivatives 6‐9 upon treatment with TEOF in acetic anhydride. The reaction of the latter products 6‐9 with hydrazine hydrate gave imino‐amino derivatives 10‐13, which was converted to hydrazino derivatives 14‐17 by refluxing with hydrazine hydrate. Hydrazino as well as imino‐amino derivatives undergo condensation, cyclization, and cycloaddition reactions to give pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine 18‐21, pyrazolo[4,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolo‐[3,4‐c]pyrimidine 22‐27, and pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6‐b][1,2,4]triazine 42‐44 derivatives. Antimicrobial studies are performed using two Gram‐positive bacteria and two Gram‐negative bacteria. Data indicated that compounds 5, 28D, 29B, and 31D are exploring elevated antibacterial effects against all strains tested. Compound 28D is the most promising antibacterial agent against the delicate bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with high effectiveness (low minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] value) 40 and 60 μg/mL, respectively.
Implant surface alters compartmental‐specific contributions to fixation strength in rats
Authors: Ko Frank C. , Meagher Matthew J. , Mashiatulla Maleeha , Ross Ryan D. , Virdi Amarjit S. , Sumner Dale R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMechanical fixation of the implant to host bone is an important contributor to orthopedic implant survivorship. The relative importance of bone‐implant contact, trabecular bone architecture, and cortical bone geometry to implant fixation strength has never been directly tested, especially in the settings of differential implant surface properties. Thus, using a rat model where titanium rods were placed into the intramedullary canal of the distal femur, we determined the relative contribution of bone‐implant contact and peri‐implant bone architecture to the fixation strength in implants with different surface roughness: highly polished and smooth (as‐received) and dual acid‐etched (DAE) implants. Using a training set that maximized variance in implant fixation strength, we initially examined correlation between implant fixation strength and outcome parameters from microcomputed tomography and found that osseointegration volume per total volume (OV/TV), trabecular bone volume per total volume (BV/TV), and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) were the single best compartment‐specific predictors of fixation strength. We defined separate regression models to predict implant fixation strength for as‐received and DAE implants. When the training set models were applied to independent validation sets, we found strong correlations between predicted and experimentally measured implant fixation strength, with r2 = .843 in as received and r2 = .825 in DAE implants. Interestingly, for as‐received implants, OV/TV explained more of the total variance in implant fixation strength than the other variables, whereas in DAE implants, Ct.Th had the most explanatory power, suggesting that surface topography of implants affects which bone compartment is most important in providing implant fixation strength.
Effect of extraction time on content, composition and sensory perception of proanthocyanidins in wine‐like medium and during industrial fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon
Authors: Lisjak Klemen , Lelova Zorica , Žigon Uroš , Bolta Špela Velikonja , Teissedre Pierre‐Louis , Vanzo Andreja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe research objectives focused on the extraction of grape tannins during extended maceration. Skins and seeds were extracted separately in a wine‐like medium. In parallel, the same grapes were fermented in industrial tanks. The content and structural characteristics of extractable proanthocyanidins (PAs) were determined spectrophotometrically and using UHPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS, respectively. Skin, seed extracts and fermented wines were characterized in chemical and sensorial terms after different extraction durations.RESULTSThe extraction of high molecular‐weight PAs (HMWPs) from seeds increased for up to 20 days, whereas low molecular‐weight PAs (LMWPs) reached a plateau earlier. The extraction of HMWPs and LMWPs from skins reached a maximum at the first sampling. Sensory evaluation confirmed greater astringency and bitterness of seed extracts with increasing time. Neither seed nor skin extracts differed statistically in terms of the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) and percentage of galloylation (%G) on different extraction days (except for seeds at the first sampling). During industrial maceration, HMWPs and LMWPs increased up to 12.7% alcohol (9 days of maceration); thereafter, the increase was not significant, whereas the mDP, %G and percentage of prodelphinidins did not significantly change after 11.4% alcohol. There were positive correlations with the wine astringency and PA content.CONCLUSIONLooking at both simulated and industrial maceration, it can be concluded that, with a longer maceration time, the increase in HMWP content was more evident than PA structural changes. The increasing content of tannins from seeds played an important role in the greater astringency and bitterness of Cabernet Sauvignon macerated at length. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Solvent‐based strategy improves the direct determination of key parameters in edible fats and oils by 1H NMR
Authors: San Martín Emilio , Avenoza Alberto , Peregrina Jesús M. , Busto Jesús H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdible fats and oils are very important in nutrition and as a main source of energy and are also essential nutrients. There are several methods for the analysis of edible fats and oils, but nowadays nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is emerging as a powerful tool (albeit complex and high‐tech demanding) to identify, quantify, and differentiate many types of food, including fats and oils. In this sense, the challenges of this technique are the simplification of methodology and taking advantage of a 400 MHz NMR instrument.RESULTSThrough an adequate mixture of solvents, we have developed a methodology to quantify essential parameters in edible fats and oils, including 1,2‐diacylglycerol, 1,3‐diacylglycerol, and 1‐monoacylglycerol, by using a single experiment and without the need for matrix derivatization.CONCLUSIONThis methodology has been successfully applied to the analysis of olive, sunflower, corn, sesame, and peanut oils, as well as butter, walnut, salmon, and spicy pork sausage. Moreover, the evolution of thermal oxidation and lipolysis of virgin olive oil and sunflower has been analyzed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of rosemary extract on lipid oxidation of cooked pork during simulated gastric digestion
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Zhang Rong , Fan Liumin , Ma Yunfang , Xiang Qisen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidation of food lipids occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in potential adverse health effects. Rosemary extract (RE), as one of the most popular naturally sourced antioxidants, is widely used in the food industry. However, the effect of RE on lipid oxidation during gastrointestinal digestion has not been well investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of RE on lipid oxidation of cooked pork during simulated gastric digestion.RESULTSResults showed that RE at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg−1 pork effectively decreased the formation of malondialdehyde during simulated gastric digestion of cooked pork. RE also effectively mitigated the decline of fatty acids during the simulated gastric digestion of pork. The total phenolic content in RE was calculated to be 170.67 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1. RE dissolved in distilled water (pH 6.5) or potassium hydrogen phthalate–hydrochloric acid buffer solution (0.2 mol L−1, pH 3.0) both exhibited strong 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging activities as well as ferric reducing capacity. The inhibitory effects of RE on lipid oxidation of cooked pork during simulated gastric digestion may be attributed to the phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties.CONCLUSIONThe results lend support to the possible application of rosemary or RE as a rich source of natural antioxidants to inhibit the oxidation of food lipids during gastrointestinal digestion. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Hierarchical Classification of Narwhal Subpopulations Using Social Distance
Authors: Charry Bertrand , Marcoux Marianne , Cardille Jeffrey A. , Giroux‐Bougard Xavier , Humphries Murray M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTEffective wildlife management and conservation require knowledge of distribution, sex composition, and age structure of a population. We explored the distribution of the Baffin Bay narwhal (Monodon monoceros) population in August 2013 by documenting sex and age distribution across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago covering 2,317,152 km2. For 6,314 narwhals identified in 3,393 aerial images taken across the Eastern Canadian Arctic, we calculated a matrix of swimming distances between all individuals. We then used a quantitative clustering approach to partition our dataset (partitioning around the medoids). The clusters obtained from the analysis supported the delimitation of the 5 narwhal management stocks currently used by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans but did not support the hypothesized division of Jones Sound and Smith Sound stocks. Across the 5 clusters, male:female ratios varied between 0.72 and 1.44 and the proportion of newborns relative to the number of females varied between 0.07 and 0.18. As a highly detailed snapshot of narwhal distribution across a very large region, our study is a step toward better documentation of the basic population information required for stock assessment, sustainable harvest, and habitat protection of narwhals in an era of rapid Arctic change. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Competency‐Based Assessment Tool for Pediatric Tracheotomy: International Modified Delphi Consensus
Authors: Propst Evan J. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Ishman Stacey L. , Balakrishnan Karthik , Deonarain Ashley R. , Mehta Deepak , Zalzal George , Pransky Seth M. , Roy Soham , Myer Charles M. , Torre Michele , Johnson Romaine F. , Ludemann Jeffrey P. , Derkay Craig S. , Chun Robert H. , Hong Paul , Molter David W. , Prager Jeremy D. , Nguyen Lily H. P. , Rutter Michael J. , Myer Charles M. , Zur Karen B. , Sidell Douglas R. , Johnson Liane B. , Cotton Robin T. , Hart Catherine K. , Willging J. Paul , Zdanski Carlton J. , Manoukian John J. , Lam Derek J. , Bauman Nancy M. , Gantwerker Eric A. , Husein Murad , Inglis Andrew F. , Green Glenn E. , Javia Luv Ram , Schraff Scott , Soma Marlene A. , Deutsch Ellen S. , Sobol Steven E. , Ida Jonathan B. , Choi Sukgi , Uwiera Trina C. , Shah Udayan K. , White David R. , Wootten Christopher T. , El‐Hakim Hamdy , Bromwich Matthew A. , Richter Gresham T. , Vijayasekaran Shyan , Smith Marshall E. , Vaccani Jean‐Philippe , Hartnick Christopher J. , Faucett Erynne A. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisCreate a competency‐based assessment tool for pediatric tracheotomy.Study DesignBlinded, modified, Delphi consensus process.MethodsUsing the REDCap database, a list of 31 potential items was circulated to 65 expert surgeons who perform pediatric tracheotomy. In the first round, items were rated as “keep” or “remove,” and comments were incorporated. In the second round, experts were asked to rate the importance of each item on a seven‐point Likert scale. Consensus criteria were determined a priori with a goal of 7 to 25 final items.ResultsThe first round achieved a response rate of 39/65 (60.0%), and returned questionnaires were 99.5% complete. All items were rated as “keep,” and 137 comments were incorporated. In the second round, 30 task‐specific and seven previously validated global rating items were distributed, and the response rate was 44/65 (67.7%), with returned questionnaires being 99.3% complete. Of the Task‐Specific Items, 13 reached consensus, 10 were near consensus, and 7 did not achieve consensus. For the 7 previously validated global rating items, 5 reached consensus and two were near consensus.ConclusionsIt is feasible to reach consensus on the important steps involved in pediatric tracheotomy using a modified Delphi consensus process. These items can now be considered to create a competency‐based assessment tool for pediatric tracheotomy. Such a tool will hopefully allow trainees to focus on the important aspects of this procedure and help teaching programs standardize how they evaluate trainees during this procedure.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 130:2700–2707, 2020
Hearing Preservation and Speech Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in Meniere's Disease
Authors: Masood Maheer M. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Brown Kevin D. , Pillsbury Harold C. , King English R. , O'Connell Brendan P. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate speech perception outcomes and hearing preservation after cochlear implantation in patients with Meniere's disease (MD).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsFifty‐one adult patients, accounting for a total of 63 implants, with MD treated at a tertiary care center were included in the study. Patients with unaided preoperative air‐conduction thresholds ≤80 dB at 250 Hz were included in hearing preservation analyses. The primary outcome measure was Consonant‐Nucleus‐Consonant (CNC) score. Hearing preservation was assessed as follows: 1) maintenance of functional hearing, defined as a postoperative unaided air‐conduction threshold ≤80 dB at 250 Hz and 2) low‐frequency pure‐tone average (LFPTA) shift.ResultsSpeech perception scores improved significantly postimplantation; specifically, the CNC mean score was 9% preoperatively and increased to 57% by 1 year postoperatively (P < .001). Eighteen ears were included in hearing preservation analysis; the mean preoperative LFPTA was 65 dB (standard deviation [SD] = 10). The mean postoperative LFPTA at activation was 93 dB (SD = 21), and at 1 year was 102 dB (SD = 11). Twenty‐seven percent of patients achieved short‐term functional hearing preservation, whereas the longer‐term outcomes were less favorable (11%).ConclusionsSpeech perception scores improve after implantation in patients with MD. Hearing preservation is possible in patients with MD, albeit at lower rates than reported non‐MD populations. Our data suggest that there can be degradation in acoustic hearing over time.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2019