bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sympathetic Eruptions of Two Filaments with an Identifiable Causal Link Observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory
Authors: Song Zhiping , Hou Yijun , Zhang Jun , Wang Peng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Filament eruptions occurring at different places within a relatively short time internal, but with a certain physical causal connection, are usually categorized as sympathetic eruptions. Studies of sympathetic eruptions are not uncommon. However, in these studies the causal links between sympathetic eruptions remain rather speculative. In this work, we present detailed observations of a sympathetic filament eruption event in which an identifiable causal link between two eruptive filaments is observed. On 2015 November 15, two filaments (F1 in the north and F2 in the south) were located at the southwestern quadrant of the solar disk. Their main axes were almost parallel to each other. Around 22:20 UT, F1 began to erupt, forming two flare ribbons. The southwestern ribbon apparently moved southwest and invaded the southeast part of F2. This continuous intrusion caused F2's eventual eruption. Accompanying the eruption of F2, flare ribbons and post-flare loops appeared in the northwest region of F2. Meanwhile, neither flare ribbons nor post-flare loops could be observed in the southeastern area of F2. In addition, the nonlinear force-free field extrapolations show that the magnetic fields above F2 in the southeast region are much weaker than those in the northwest region. These results imply that the overlying magnetic fields of F2 were not uniform. So we propose that the southwest ribbon formed from eruptive F1 invaded F2 from its southeast region with relatively weaker overlying magnetic fields relative to its northwest region, disturbing F2 and leading F2 to eventually erupt.
Model of a Gap Formed by a Planet with Fast Inward Migration
Authors: Kanagawa Kazuhiro D. , Nomura Hideko , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Muto Takayuki , Kawabe Ryohei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A planet is formed within a protoplanetary disk. Recent observations have revealed substructures such as gaps and rings, which may indicate forming planets within the disk. Due to disk–planet interaction, the planet migrates within the disk, which can affect the shape of a planet-induced gap. In this paper, we investigate effects of fast inward migration of the planet on the gap shape, by carrying out hydrodynamic simulations. We found that when the migration timescale is shorter than the timescale of the gap-opening, the orbital radius is shifted inward as compared to the radial location of the gap. We also found a scaling relation between the radial shift of the locations of the planet and the gap as a function of the ratio of the timescale of the migration and gap-opening. Our scaling relation also enables us to constrain the gas surface density and the viscosity when the gap and the planet are observed. Moreover, we also found the scaling relation between the location of the secondary gap and the aspect ratio. By combining the radial shift and the secondary gap, we may constrain the physical condition of the planet formation and how the planet evolves in the protoplanetary disk, from the observational morphology.
Dust Destruction by Charging: A Possible Origin of Gray Extinction Curves of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Tazaki Ryo , Ichikawa Kohei , Kokubo Mitsuru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Observed extinction curves of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are significantly different from those observed in the Milky Way. The observations require preferential removal of small grains at the AGN environment; however, the physics for this remains unclear. In this paper, we propose that dust destruction by charging, or Coulomb explosion, may be responsible for AGN extinction curves. Harsh AGN radiation makes a dust grain highly charged through photoelectric emission, and grain fission via Coulomb explosion occurs when the electrostatic tensile stress of a charge grain exceeds its tensile strength. We show that Coulomb explosion can preferentially remove both small silicate and graphite grains and successfully reproduce both flat extinction curve and the absence of 2175 Å bump.
Initial Factors Affecting 6-month Outcome of Patients Undergoing Surgery for Acute Post-traumatic Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
Authors: Kulesza Bartłomiej , Litak Jakub , Mazurek Marek , Nogalski Adam 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The most frequent consequences of a traumatic brain injury are acute subdural (SDH) and epidural hematoma (EDH), which usually require a surgical treatment. Most of the factors affecting the prognosis have been analyzed on a wide group of traumatic brain injuries. Nonetheless, there are few studies analyzing factors influencing the prognosis regarding patients with EDH and SDH. The aim of the study is to identify factors which have prognostic value in relation to 6-month outcome of patients undergoing surgery for acute hematoma.
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Patients and methods: The study included a group of 128 patients with isolated craniocerebral injuries. The patients were divided into two groups, namely a group of 28 patients operated on due to epidural hematoma and a group of 100 patients operated on due to acute subdural hematoma. All patients were operated and treated in the Department of Neurosurgery at the Medical University in Lublin from 1.10.2014 to 31.08.2017. The following factors from the groups were analyzed: demographic data, physiological factors, laboratory factors, computed tomography scan characteristics, and time between the trauma and the surgery. All the factors were correlated with six-month outcome in Glasgow outcome scale.
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Results: The univariate analysis has confirmed the influence of many factors affecting the outcomes.
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Conclusion: It is interesting that the factors such as GSC score, saturation, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure were associated with outcome with highly statistically significant differences in both group. These are factors that, with an appropriate treatment, could be normalized at the place of the accident.
Por uma democracia: entre a democracia liberal e a prática política em Jacques Rancière
Authors: Santos Priscilla Camargo , Cademartori Luiz Henrique Urquhart 
Published: March 2020

O problema de pesquisa diz respeito a qual modelo de democracia é desejável, à vista da crise institucional e política observada nos dias atuais. A análise realizada é monográfica. Evidencia-se dois modelos de participação política, a democracia liberal que tem como principais características a competição e a participação política e a democracia preconizada por Jacques Rancière por meio da prática política que se opera a partir da contribuição das classes populares para a instalação de espaços públicos. Aborda-se a crise democrática expondo um estudo realizado anualmente que investiga o índice de democracia em grande parte dos países. Encerra-se o trabalho demonstrando ao final a necessidade da manutenção das premissas da democracia liberal como meio de defesa das próprias regras do jogo democrático.
Real-time pollen monitoring using digital holography
Authors: Sauvageat Eric , Zeder Yanick , Auderset Kevin , Calpini Bertrand , Clot Bernard , Crouzy Benoît , Konzelmann Thomas , Lieberherr Gian , Tummon Fiona , Vasilatou Konstantina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We present the first validation of the Swisens Poleno, currently the
only operational automatic pollen monitoring system based on digital
holography. The device provides in-flight images of all coarse
aerosols, and here we develop a two-step classification algorithm that
uses these images to identify a range of pollen taxa. Deterministic
criteria based on the shape of the particle are applied to initially
distinguish between intact pollen grains and other coarse particulate
matter. This first level of discrimination identifies pollen with an
accuracy of 96 %. Thereafter, individual pollen taxa are
recognized using supervised learning techniques. The algorithm is
trained using data obtained by inserting known pollen types into the
device, and out of eight pollen taxa six can be identified with an
accuracy of above 90 %. In addition to the ability to
correctly identify aerosols, an automatic pollen monitoring system
needs to be able to correctly determine particle concentrations. To
further verify the device, controlled chamber experiments using
polystyrene latex beads were performed. This provided reference
aerosols with traceable particle size and number concentrations in order to
ensure particle size and sampling volume were correctly characterized.
Seasonal patterns of surface inorganic carbon system variables in the Gulf of Mexico inferred from a regional high-resolution ocean biogeochemical model
Authors: Gomez Fabian A. , Wanninkhof Rik , Barbero Leticia , Lee Sang-Ki , Hernandez Jr. Frank J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Uncertainties in carbon chemistry variability still remain large in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), as data gaps limit our ability to infer basin-wide
patterns. Here we configure and validate a regional high-resolution ocean biogeochemical model for the GoM to describe seasonal patterns in surface
pressure of CO2 (pCO2), aragonite saturation state (ΩAr), and sea–air CO2 flux. Model
results indicate that seasonal changes in surface pCO2 are strongly controlled by temperature across most of the GoM basin,
except in the vicinity of the Mississippi–Atchafalaya river system delta, where runoff largely controls dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total
alkalinity (TA) changes. Our model results also show that seasonal patterns of surface ΩAr are driven by seasonal changes in DIC
and TA, and reinforced by the seasonal changes in temperature. Simulated sea–air CO2 fluxes are consistent with previous
observation-based estimates that show CO2 uptake during winter–spring, and CO2 outgassing during summer–fall. Annually, our
model indicates a basin-wide mean CO2 uptake of 0.35 molm-2yr-1, and a northern GoM shelf (< 200 m) uptake of
0.93 molm-2yr-1. The observation and model-derived patterns of surface pCO2 and CO2 fluxes show good
correspondence; thus this study contributes to improved constraints of the carbon budget in the region.
Continuous Infusion Vancomycin in Pediatric Patients: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Authors: Girand Heather L. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of continuous infusion vancomycin in pediatric patients.
DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION PubMed, Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant published articles (1977 to November 2019) using the following search terms: vancomycin, neonates, pediatrics, infusion, continuous, administration, children, nephrotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. All English-language primary references that evaluated continuous infusion vancomycin in pediatric patients were included in this review.
DATA SYNTHESIS Vancomycin is typically administered with intermittent infusions, but continuous infusion is an alternative delivery method used to improve achievement of target serum concentrations. Fifteen articles were reviewed that evaluated continuous infusion vancomycin in pediatric patients. Study data were heterogeneous with limited evidence to support improved clinical or microbiologic outcomes as compared with intermittent dosing. Potential benefits and limitations of continuous infusions are discussed.
CONCLUSIONS Currently available evidence is lacking to support routine implementation of continuous infusion vancomycin in pediatric patients. However, it is a therapeutic option in certain clinical conditions and could be beneficial for individuals with serious Gram-positive infections where rapid achievement of target serum concentrations is critical. Continuous infusions may also benefit individuals who do not achieve target concentrations or who experience significant red man syndrome with traditional dosing, particularly when high daily doses are required. Optimal dosing and ideal target serum concentrations have not been established and may vary for different populations. Future prospective randomized clinical trials should be performed to identify optimal dosing and monitoring regimens and determine comparative safety and efficacy with traditional intermittent dosing in various pediatric populations.
Stability of Oxandrolone in Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil and Pharmacokinetics Following Buccal Administration of the Extemporaneous Formulation in Neonates and Adults
Authors: Linakis Matthew W. , Rower Joseph E. , Sorenson Susan , Reilly Christopher A. , Lambert Linda M. , Williams Richard V. , Burch Phillip T. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES Growth failure following surgical palliation of complex congenital heart defects (CHDs) is a prognosticator of poor outcomes. Many strategies for improving weight gain have been implemented in this population, with limited success. We recently described the potential of the anabolic steroid oxandrolone to improve weight gain following surgical repair of CHD when administered via a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil suspension to the buccal mucosa. The current study evaluates the stability of oxandrolone in the MCT oil formulation, as well as the pharmacokinetics of oxandrolone when administered via buccal mucosa in both neonates and adults.METHODS Stability was assessed by long-term storage of the preparation 1) at ambient conditions and 2) under photodegradative conditions for 3 days. Neonatal pharmacokinetic parameters were determined in a cohort of neonates following surgical CHD repair, whereas adult pharmacokinetics parameters were collected as part of a prospective study to evaluate the relative bioavailability of the oxandrolone in MCT oil formulation.RESULTS We found that oxandrolone was stable in the MCT oil formulation for at least 1 month, although exposure to light hastened drug degradation. Both neonatal and adult oxandrolone pharmacokinetics were variable; however, oxandrolone in MCT oil was relatively well absorbed through the buccal mucosa (mean bioavailability = 62.5%).CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the variability in oxandrolone exposures is inherent to the drug, and not the formulation or route of administration. Combined, these data support further study of this novel oxandrolone in MCT oil formulation and its impact on growth following complex surgical repair of CHD in neonates.
PCR-RFLP of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients Deficient in Vitamin D3 in Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Boyvin Lydie , Aké Aya Jeanne Armande , Yayé Yapi Guillaume , Alassani Moumouni Faïza , Séri Kipré Laurent , Bahi Gnogbo Alexis , Moke-Bédji Louise Odile , Djaman Joseph Allico 
Published: March 2020

Aims: This study was to identify mutations in patients’ vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in Côte d'Ivoire, precisely in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients deficient in vitamin D3.
Methodology: Fifty (50) DNA extractions from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from HIV positive and vitamin D3 deficient patients were analyzed after verifying their integrity by quantification of genomic DNA and migration from agarose gel. The use of the restriction enzymes Dpn I, Bg III and Pst I made it possible to carry out the PCR-RLFP of the fragments Fok-1 in exon 2, Bsm-1 and Apa-1 in intron 8 and Taq-1 in exon 9.
Results: The analysis of the DNA fragments Fok-1 in exon 2 and Bsm-1 in intron 8 of the VDR gene from HIV positive patients deficient in vitamin D3 showed a significantly high prevalence of mutant genotype (100% and 98%) respectively p = 0.0001. Furthermore, in this study, a prevalence of 6% of mutant genotype was observed in Taq-1 of exon 9 of the VDR gene.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of mutant genotypes observed in the DNA fragments of Fok-1 in exon 2 and Bsm-1 in intron 8 of the VDR gene studied confirms the presence of mutations in the VDR gene of these patients. It would, therefore, be necessary to sequence the DNA fragments with mutations in order to identify the mutations that affect the VDR gene and that are responsible for the vitamin D3 deficiency observed in these patients.
Homes, Communities and Games: Constructing Social Agency in Our Urban Futures
Authors: Bhooshan Shajay , Vazquez Alicia Nahmad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe gamification of urban housing design utilising artificial intelligence (AI) can be a game‐changer. The ability of AIs to speedily probe and evaluate the multidimensional combinations of ‘action‐spaces’ of spatial and architectural propositions provides an opportunity to create new models of housing densities ignored by received Modernist assumptions. Shajay Bhooshan and Alicia Nahmad Vazquez, studio masters at London's Architectural Association Design Research Lab (AADRL), explain how.
‘Small Pieces Loosely Joined’: Practices for Super‐local Participative Urbanism
Authors: Hill Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe evolution of the Internet of Things and digital connectedness of all types will excise old technologies and spatial arrangements and is creating a participatory, lightweight, distributed urban regeneration, allowing new life in the city to spring forth. Dan Hill, Director of Strategic Design at the Swedish government's innovation agency Vinnova, shows us examples.
Enantiopure Chiral Phosphines Bearing a Sulfinyl Group and their Application in Catalytic Enantiodivergent Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrrolines
Authors: Li Hanyuan , Li Bojuan , Zeng Jianwei , Jiang Changzun , He Zhengjie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, a type of enantiopure chiral phosphines bearing a polar S=O sulfinyl group as the chiral unit in the molecule has been developed, which can be prepared in either enantiomeric form from commercially available materials by a three‐step route. The enantiopure chiral phosphines can catalyse enantiodivergent asymmetric [4+1] annulation reactions of α,β‐unsaturated imines and allylic carbonates, delivering polysubstituted pyrrolines in either enantiomeric form in up to 99% yield and up to 99% ee, and thus empower a method for dual stereo‐controlled synthesis of chiral pyrrolines. This work accordingly unveils a practical and predictable strategy to realize enantiodivergent synthesis.magnified image
Factors controlling drought resistance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera, chardonnay): application of a new microCT method to assess functional embolism resistance
Authors: Pratt R. Brandon , Castro Viridiana , Fickle Jaycie C. , Madsen Angela , Jacobsen Anna L. 
Published: March 2020

PremiseQuantifying resistance to embolism in woody plants is important for understanding their drought response. Methods to accurately quantify resistance to embolism continue to be debated.MethodsWe used a new microCT‐based approach that quantifies embolized conduits and also analyzes conductive conduits by using an x‐ray‐dense, iodine‐rich tracer that moves though the vascular system and can easily be observed in microCT images. Many previous microCT studies assumed that all conduits were initially conductive, which may not be the case if there are developing or occluded conduits. We compared microCT results to a standard benchtop dehydration method and a centrifuge method. During dehydration, we measured gas exchange and quantified water potential at mortality.ResultsOur microCT curves agreed with previously published microCT curves from the same greenhouse‐grown cultivar. We found a significant difference in embolism estimates if we assumed that all water‐filled conduits were functional rather than only those containing tracer. Embolism estimates from microCT differed from both the benchtop and centrifuge methods. The benchtop and centrifuge methods did not differ from one another.ConclusionsThe new microCT method presented here is valuable in sampling species that may contain nonconductive conduits. Disagreement between microCT and two other methods was likely due to differences in the ways they quantify embolism. MicroCT assess the theoretical effect of embolism, whereas benchtop and centrifuge methods directly measure hydraulic conductivity. The theoretical approach does not fully account for the resistances of flow through a complex 3D vascular network.
The fundamentals of process intensification: A book review
Authors: Harmsen Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Fundamentals of Process Intensification is summarized, categorized, and evaluated for its use by academics, PhD students, MSc students, and industrial practitioners. The book describes four principles to obtain process intensification (PI) via research. Nearly all established process intensified technologies are described and have been placed in four domains for clarity. Also provided is information for most PI technologies on how to score safety, environment, and economic criteria. Finally, a process design method based on the principles, domains, and criteria scores is presented. The book is very relevant for academic research in PI and the established PI technology descriptions are very helpful for industrial process concept designers. Process synthesis design based on function identification and integration are not covered in this work.
Prospects and Opportunities of 2D van der Waals Magnetic Systems
Authors: Wang Meng‐Chien , Huang Che‐Chun , Cheung Chi‐Ho , Chen Chih‐Yu , Tan Seng Ghee , Huang Tsung‐Wei , Zhao Yue , Zhao Yanfeng , Wu Gang , Feng Yuan‐Ping , Wu Han‐Chun , Chang Ching‐Ray 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe existence of spontaneous magnetization in low dimensional magnetic systems has attracted intensive studies since the early 60s and research remains very active even now. Only recently, magnetic van der Waals (vdW) systems down to a few layers have been broadly discussed for their magnetic order ground states at finite temperature. The naturally inherited layered structure of the vdW magnetic systems possessing onsite magnetic anisotropy from band electrons can suppress the long‐range fluctuations. This provides an excellent vehicle to study the transition of magnetism to 2D limits both theoretically and experimentally. Here the current status of 2D vdW magnetic system and its potential applications are briefly summarized and discussed.
Nonparametric confidence regions for the symmetry point‐based optimal cutpoint and associated sensitivity of a continuous‐scale diagnostic test
Authors: Adimari Gianfranco , Sinigaglia Andrea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn medical research, diagnostic tests with continuous values are widely employed to attempt to distinguish between diseased and non‐diseased subjects. The diagnostic accuracy of a test (or a biomarker) can be assessed by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the test. To summarize the ROC curve and primarily to determine an “optimal” threshold for test results to use in practice, several approaches may be considered, such as those based on the Youden index, on the so‐called close‐to‐(0,1) point, on the concordance probability and on the symmetry point. In this paper, we focus on the symmetry point‐based approach, that simultaneously controls the probabilities of the two types of correct classifications (healthy as healthy and diseased as diseased), and show how to get joint nonparametric confidence regions for the corresponding optimal cutpoint and the associated sensitivity (= specificity) value. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the finite sample performances of the proposed method. Real datasets are also used to illustrate its application.