bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of plasma density-gradient on laser-driven transmitted emission
Authors: Jiang Yan , Chen Zi-Yu , Cao Lihua , Liu Zhanjun , Zheng Chunyang , He Xiantu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High-order harmonic generation provides an opportunity for generating intense extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses, which is useful to explore the property of materials. Transmitted radiation emitted by an ultrathin target illuminated by intense lasers is a promising way to generate such pulses. We show that the preplasma density gradient has an important influence on the transmitted radiation. An optimal scale length exists to support ultrathin nanobunches to generate coherent synchrotron emission and thus enormously enhance the radiation. Particle in cell simulations suggest that the optimal scale length depends on the laser intensity.
High-current laser-driven beams of relativistic electrons for high energy density research
Authors: Rosmej O N , Gyrdymov M , Günther M M , Andreev N E , Tavana P , Neumayer P , Zähter S , Zahn N , Popov V S , Borisenko N G , Kantsyrev A , Skobliakov A , Panyushkin V , Bogdanov A , Consoli F , Shen X F , Pukhov A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report on enhanced laser driven electron beam generation in the multi MeV energy range that promises a tremendous increase of the diagnostic potential of high energy sub-PW and PW-class laser systems. In the experiment, an intense sub-picosecond laser pulse of ∼1019 Wcm−2 intensity propagates through a plasma of near critical electron density (NCD) and drives the direct laser acceleration (DLA) of plasma electrons. Low-density polymer foams were used for the production of hydrodynamically stable long-scale NCD-plasmas. Measurements show that relativistic electrons generated in the DLA-process propagate within a half angle of

1

2 ± 1° to the laser axis. Inside this divergence cone, an effective electron temperature of 10–13 MeV and a maximum of the electron energy of 100 MeV were reached. The high laser energy conversion efficiency into electrons with energies above 2 MeV achieved 23% with a total charge approaching 1 μC. For application purposes, we used the nuclear activation method to characterize the MeV bremsstrahlung spectrum produced in the interaction of the high-current relativistic electrons with high-Z samples and measured top yields of gamma-driven nuclear reactions. The optimization of the high-Z target geometry predicts an ultra-high MeV photon number of ∼1012 per shot at moderate relativistic laser intensity of 1019 Wcm−2. A good agreement between the experimental data and the results of the 3D-PIC and GEANT4-simulations was demonstrated.
Non-enzymatic lactate detection by an extended-gate type organic field effect transistor
Authors: Didier Pierre , Minami Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A non-enzymatic chemical sensor for lactate (LA) detection based on an extended-gate type organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is reported. The proposed device is composed of an extended-gate electrode modified by an artificial receptor phenylboronic acid derivative as the detection part and the OFET as the drive part. The mechanism of LA detection relies on the changes in transfer characteristics of the OFET upon dynamic covalent bonding with LA. After evaluating the ability of the device to detect LA, it was applied to the selectivity study. This report proved the possibility of using the OFET-based sensor device for non-enzymatic LA detection.
Phases of translation-invariant systems out of equilibrium: iterative Green’s function techniques and renormalization group approaches
Authors: Klöckner C , Kennes D M , Karrasch C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We introduce a method to evaluate the steady-state non-equilibrium Keldysh–Schwinger Green’s functions for infinite systems subject to both an electric field and a coupling to reservoirs. The method we present exploits a physical quasi-translation invariance, where a shift by one unit cell leaves the physics invariant if all electronic energies are simultaneously shifted by the magnitude of the electric field. Our framework is straightaway applicable to diagrammatic many-body methods. We discuss two flagship applications, mean-field theories as well as a sophisticated second-order functional renormalization group approach. The latter allows us to push the renormalization-group characterization of phase transitions for lattice fermions into the out-of-equilibrium realm. We exemplify this by studying a model of spinless fermions, which in equilibrium exhibits a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition.
Multi-scale analysis of the water-energy-food nexus in the Gulf region
Authors: Siderius Christian , Conway Declan , Yassine Mohamed , Murken Lisa , Lostis Pierre-Louis , Dalin Carole 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We quantify the heavily oil-dominated WEF nexus in three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Kuwait, Qatar and Saudi Arabia) across spatial scales and over time, using available empirical data at the national level, and explore the exposure to nexus stresses (groundwater depletion) in other countries through virtual water trade. At the domestic scale, WEF trade-offs are fairly limited; while all sectors require considerable amounts of energy, the requirements for water and food production are modest compared to other uses. At the international scale, revenues from oil exports in the GCC allow the region to compensate for low food production and scarce water availability. This dependency is dynamic over time, increasing when oil prices are low and food prices are high. We show how reducing domestic trade-offs can lead to higher exposure internationally, with rice imports originating in regions where groundwater is being depleted. However, Saudi Arabia’s increased wheat imports, after reversing its food self-sufficiency policy, have had limited effects on groundwater depletion elsewhere. Climate change mitigation links the WEF nexus to the global scale. While there is great uncertainty about future international climate policy, our analysis illustrates how implementation of measures to account for the social costs of carbon would reduce the oil and gas revenues available to import food and desalinate water in the GCC.
Communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Kause Astrid , Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Domingos Samuel , Mittal Neha , Lowe Jason , Fung Fai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe undertake a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature to arrive at recommendations for shaping communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings. Climate communications often report on scientific findings that contain different sources of uncertainty. Potential users of these communications are members of the general public, as well as decision makers and climate advisors from government, business and non-governmental institutions worldwide. Many of these users may lack formal training in climate science or related disciplines. We systematically review the English-language peer-reviewed empirical literature from cognitive and behavioral sciences and related fields, which examines how users perceive communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings. We aim to summarize how users’ responses to communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings are associated with characteristics of the decision context, including climate change consequences and types of uncertainty as well as user characteristics, such as climate change beliefs, environmental worldviews, political ideology, numerical skills, and others. We also aimed to identify what general recommendations for communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings can be delineated. We find that studies of communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings substantially varied in how they operationalized uncertainty, as well as how they measured responses. Studies mostly focused on uncertainty stemming from conflicting information, such as diverging model estimates or experts, or from expressions of imprecision such as ranges. Among other things, users’ understanding was improved when climate communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings were presented with explanations about why climate information was uncertain, and when ranges were presented with lower and upper numerical bounds. Users’ understanding also improved if they expressed stronger beliefs about climate change, or had better numerical skills. Based on these findings, we provide emerging recommendations on how to best present communications about uncertainty in scientific climate-related findings; and we identify research gaps.
Conservation laws for optical Bloch equations for the Λ scheme
Authors: Dimitrijević Jelena , Arsenović Dušan , Jelenković Branislav M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Results are presented for the conservation laws (CLs) for the optical Bloch equations (OBEs) for the Λ scheme under action of two light fields. The method of multipliers (variational derivative method) is used to obtain CLs which are dependent on the density-matrix elements. Results are classified and discussed by the phenomenological parameters and processes characteristic for OBEs, like the relaxation and decoherence, and the detunings of light fields. CLs for the Liouville von Neumann equation, as a special case of OBEs, without relaxation and decoherence terms, are presented and it is shown that traces, characteristic polynomials and their coefficients, eigen-values and determinants of class of matrices represent CLs. We also presented method, which used CLs obtained by the method of multipliers, to construct another set of CLs, which have the explicit time dependence and are valid for the larger set of parameters, with relaxation due to time of flight and spontaneous emission. Presented results could yield better understanding of the processes in the Λ scheme modeled by the OBEs, and as well have practical applications in various solution methods.
Prediction of impermeability of the concrete structure based on random forest and support vector machine
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Xianguo , Chen Hongyu , Zeng Tiemei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The durability of concrete has a significant impact on the service life. Impermeability is one of the important indicators of concrete durability. It is of great significance to quickly and reasonably predict the impermeability of concrete. This paper combines random forest and support vector machine (RF-SVM) methods. Taking a highway project as the research background, 11 factors were selected as the impact index of concrete impermeability, and the chloride permeability coefficient was used as the evaluation index of concrete impermeability. After random forest index screening, six factors including water-binder ratio, cement dosage, cement strength, fine aggregate, water-reducing agent and coarse aggregate were selected to construct a support vector machine model to predict the impermeability of concrete. The prediction results of the RF-SVM model are compared with the BP neural network model and the support vector machine model without index screening. The results show that the RF-SVM model has higher prediction accuracy and better fitting effect, which provides an effective method for the prediction of concrete impermeability.
The Framework of Urban Energy Map and Case Study
Authors: Wang Linyu , Chen Hao , Guo Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Urban energy map is an energy solution that combines map elements and energy elements, including information of energy exploration and production, processing and transformation, transmission and distribution, consumption and other links, and is an important part of the construction of energy Internet. This paper proposes the overall framework and basic functions of urban energy map, which include three parts: data layer, technology layer and interaction layer. Taking geographic information system (GIS) as the spatial support technology, and based on the industrial enterprise energy data collected by Spatiotemporal database of China energy flow and carbon emission (SDCEC) and other relevant data from Suzhou Smart Energy Management Platform, the energy map of Suzhou New District is drawn and its characteristics are analysed. The research shows that the urban energy map can effectively reflect the spatial concentration, pattern change, and ranking of urban energy consumption.
Does Participation in Low-Carbon Agriculture Influence Farmers’ Willingness to Grow Eco-Agricultural Crops?
Authors: Wu Xian-rong , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Low-carbon agriculture has aroused wide concern around the world. Many countries are exploring how to reduce carbon emissions in agriculture. While farmers play a vital role in agriculture planting and eco-agricultural crops create less carbon emission, so are farmers willing to participate in the cultivation of eco-agricultural crops in the context of low-carbon agriculture? This paper seeks to find whether farmers who participate in low-carbon agriculture are more willing to plant eco-agricultural crops (taking mushrooms for an example) in china. Logistic regression model was applied to find their relationships. The results show that farmers’ participation in low-carbon agriculture has remarkable effects on their willingness to plant mushroom or other eco-agricultural crops, except for farmers’ characteristics and the status of household production operation. According to this research, farmers are more likely to plant mushrooms when they recycle crop straw, agricultural plastic films and other agricultural wastes. And planting mushrooms have a positive effect on family’s agricultural incomes both in low-income and high-income households. Recognition of benefits of low-carbon agriculture is a primary issue. Likewise, changing rural population structure as well as integrating rural resource factors is an effective measure to encourage farmers to plant mushrooms or other eco-agricultural crops. Subsidies and specialized cooperative organization’s guidance should also be taken into consideration, which is good to arouse farmers’ enthusiasm in planting eco-agricultural crops.
A comparison of ZrO2 nanoparticle reinforced Ni–W, Ni–B and Ni–Cu matrix nanocomposites
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Ji Cuicui , Fu Qiang , Shi Zhongquan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this work, the structure and properties of ZrO2 nanoparticle reinforced Ni–W, Ni–B and Ni–Cu matrix nanocomposite coatings were comparatively studied. Their surface morphology, composition, microstructure, topography, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance were examined by various methods . The nanocomposites exhibit dense, nodular-like morphology with nanocrystalline structure. The results show that the ZrO2 particles have homogeneously dispersed in the nanocomposites. The formation of the protrusion structure was partly attributed to the heterogeneous distribution of the electric field. The presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles could refine the crystallite size of the Ni–W, Ni–B and Ni–Cu alloy matrix to 12.5 ± 1, 10.5 ± 0.5 and 15 ± 0.1 nm, respectively. The corrosion resistance of these nanocomposites can be improved by the incorporation of ZrO2 nanoparticles into the alloy matrix. The R
a of Ni–W/ZrO2, Ni–B/ZrO2 and Ni–Cu/ZrO2 nanocomposites are about 53 ± 3, 69 ± 2, 18 ± 1 nm, respectively, expressing the rougher surface of Ni–B/ZrO2 compared to the others. It indicated that the composition of these alloy matrix have different crystallite size, which could affect the surface roughness of the electrodeposits. The inclusion of ZrO2 particles in Ni-based alloys could enhance its properties. The reinforcement effect of the anti-wear properties of the nanocomposites was proposed. The R
ct value of the Ni–W–ZrO2, Ni–B–ZrO2, Ni–Cu–ZrO2 were 50.93, 105.18, 44.67 kΩ · cm2, respectively, indicating that the Ni–B–ZrO2 nanocomposite coating has the highest corrosion resistance. The R
ct values depends on not only the composition of the coatings, but also the electrodeposition conditions, which influence the crystallize size and compactness of the electrodeposits. The order of the microhardness and anti-wear properties is Ni–W–ZrO2 > Ni–B–ZrO2 > Ni–Cu–ZrO2.
Magnetic based graphene composites with steroidal diamine dimer as potential drug in hyperthermia cancer therapy
Authors: Abskharoun Sally B , Shawakfeh Khaled Q , Albiss Borhan Aldeen A , Alsharaeh Edreese H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hyperthermia is a non-invasive process of killing cells through heat, as cells go into apoptosis when heated in the range of 41 °C–47 °C. In this work, the biologically active 4-pregnen-3-one-20β-carboxaldehyde (ketobisnoraldehyde) based steroidal diamine dimer (KPD) was chemically grafted on GO surface (GO-KPD) for the first time through an amidation reaction between amine groups of KPD and activated carboxylic acid sites of GO. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were dispersed on the prepared nanocomposite surface to produce GO-KPD-Fe3O4 nanocomposite with superparamagnetic property. To study the structural effect of KPD, 1,4 diamonobutane (Putrescine) was also grafted chemically on GO via amidation reaction. Successful functionalization of GO surface was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the functionalized GO was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, a cytotoxicity test on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (CMF-7) human breast cancer cell line was conducted. The data suggest that the prepared nanocomposite (GO-KPD-Fe3O4) has a cytotoxic potential against the MCF-7 cell line, thus it could be investigated as potential drug in hyperthermia cancer therapy.
Improvement of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties for polybenzoxazine composites via incorporation of epoxy resin and segregated structure
Authors: Wang Yi , Wu Wei , Drummer Dietmar , Liu Chao , Tomiak Florian , Schneider Kevin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Developing tendency of increasing integration in electronic components filed led to the demand for thermally conductive polymer materials. Forming a segregated structure with thermally conductive fillers in the matrix has been proven to be a promising technique. However, the mechanical properties of the material prepared via this technique are commonly sacrificed because the interaction between fillers and matrix are weak. We present a simple method to improve the mechanical properties while maintaining the segregated structure via the collaboration of epoxy and polybenzoxazine(PBz). The fillers, epoxy resin, and benzoxazine(BOZ) were mixed and then hot pressed under 12 MPa of pressure with a certain heating strategy. The thermal conductivity, density, mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal stability of the composites were investigated. With 25 wt% filler, the value of thermal conductivity coefficient of EP/PBz composites reached 0.811 W mK−1, while that of PBz composites was 0.762 W mK−1. The tensile strength of the matrix improved from 58.3 MPa to 99.7 MPa.
Caterpillar-inspired soft robot that locomotes upside-down by utilizing environmental skeleton
Authors: Morishima Masahiro , Umedachi Takuya , Kawahara Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Caterpillars do not process skeleton inside its body; instead, they utilize the environment, e.g., branches, to maintain the posture against gravity. This strategy is also beneficial for soft-bodied robotic artifacts, which allows us to simplify the body and control design. This paper presents a soft-bodied crawling robot able to locomote in an upside-down condition. The critical finding is producing tension in the soft body is necessary for the soft robot to realize environmental skeleton and robust locomotion, which is demonstrated with numerical experiments and the prototype, even when the weight is added. The design way can be useful for the other soft-bodied robots that have difficulties supporting the weight and maintain the posture under gravity, e.g., when climbing upside-down condition. The results shed new light on how to design a mechanical and control system for soft-bodied robots, e.g., electric wire/cable maintenance robot, a tree-climbing robot, and a viaduct monitoring robot.
Histopathology of Human Donor Spleen Utilized as a Desensitization Tool Before Intestinal Transplantation
Authors: Gaitonde Sujata , Hassan Mohamed , Mehta Vikas , Benedetti Enrico , Tzvetanov Ivo , Lichvar Alicia , Pirzada Sarmad , Setty Suman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of a temporary splenic allograft exposed to massive donor-specific antibody (DSA) insult.MethodsA human cadaveric donor splenic allograft was temporarily transplanted in a highly sensitized patient with the intention of removing DSA before intestinal transplantation from the same donor. Before splenic transplant, the patient had several preformed cytotoxic DSAs that resulted in positive flow cytometric and complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch. The splenic allograft was removed before intestinal transplantation and evaluated by H&E and immunohistochemical stains.ResultsExplanted donor splenic allograft showed several histopathologic changes: expanded red pulp secondary to congestion and marked neutrophilic and macrophage infiltration in the sinusoids, numerous neutrophilic microabscesses, and focal capillaritis. The C4d and IgG immunohistochemical stains were diffusely positive in the endothelial lining of the capillaries and sinusoidal lining, indicating diffuse IgG deposition and complement activation.ConclusionsWe propose that the noted changes are features of splenic acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Additional cases are required to determine all the features of splenic AMR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of histopathologic changes in donor spleen after exposure to DSA for a short duration.
Reintegrating droperidol into emergency medicine practice
Authors: Mattson Alicia , Friend Kimberly , Brown Caitlin S , Cabrera Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeAfter a long period of low utilization, droperidol has become easier to obtain in the US market. This comprehensive review discusses the safety, indications, clinical efficacy, and dosing of droperidol for use in the emergency department (ED) setting.SummaryIn 2001 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandated a boxed warning in the labeling of droperidol after reports of QT interval prolongation associated with droperidol use. Since that time, it has been difficult to access droperidol in the United States; as a result, many practicing clinicians lack experience in its clinical use. Multiple studies have been conducted to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of droperidol use in ED patients. Results consistently show the safety of droperidol and its clinical efficacy when used as an analgesic, antiemetic, and sedative. Now that droperidol is more widely available for use in the US market, pharmacists and prescribers need to reliably translate safety and efficacy data compiled since 2001 to help ensure appropriate and effective use of the medication.ConclusionDroperidol is an effective and safe option for the treatment of acute agitation, migraine, nausea, and pain for patients in the ED setting. Healthcare professionals can adopt droperidol for use in clinical practice, and they should become familiar with how to dose and monitor droperidol for safe and effective use.