bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of fluralaner, a companion animal insecticide, relative to industry-leading agricultural insecticides against resistant and susceptible strains of filth flies
Authors: Burgess Edwin R. , Geden Christopher J. , Lohmeyer Kimberly H. , King B. H. , Machtinger Erika T. , Scott Jeffrey G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFilth flies cause billions of dollars of losses annually to the animal production industry. Fluralaner is a relatively new pesticide currently sold for control of fleas, ticks, and mites on companion animals and poultry. We examined the efficacy of fluralaner against three species of filth flies. Insecticide-susceptible horn flies and stable flies were tested topically. Fluralaner outperformed permethrin by > 2-fold for the horn flies but underperformed permethrin by > 45-fold for stable flies at 24 h. House flies were tested topically with fluralaner in comparison to permethrin at 48 h and orally with fluralaner in comparison to imidacloprid at 24 h. Topical fluralaner was 6- to 28-fold as toxic as permethrin in four pyrethroid-resistant strains and not significantly less toxic than permethrin in a susceptible strain and a mildly pyrethroid-resistant strain. There was slight cross-resistance between topically applied fluralaner and permethrin in all five insecticide-resistant strains tested. Oral fluralaner was more toxic than imidacloprid in all four house fly strains tested, 9- to 118-fold as toxic. Oral cross-resistance between imidacloprid and fluralaner was not detected, but imidacloprid resistance was not high in any of the tested strains. Fluralaner shows promise for control of horn flies and house flies.
Loop currents in two-leg ladder cuprates
Authors: Bounoua Dalila , Mangin-Thro Lucile , Jeong Jaehong , Saint-Martin Romuald , Pinsard-Gaudart Loreynne , Sidis Yvan , Bourges Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNew phases with broken discrete Ising symmetries are uncovered in quantum materials with strong electronic correlations. The two-leg ladder cuprate Sr14−xCaxCu24O41 hosts a very rich phase diagram where, upon hole doping, the system exhibits a spin liquid state ending to an intriguing ordered magnetic state at larger Ca content. Using polarized neutron diffraction, we report here the existence of short range magnetism in this material for two Ca contents, whose origin cannot be ascribed to Cu spins. This magnetism develops exclusively within the two-leg ladders with a diffraction pattern at forbidden Bragg scattering, which is the hallmark of loop current-like magnetism breaking both time-reversal and parity symmetries. Our discovery shows local discrete symmetry breaking in a one dimensional spin liquid system as theoretically predicted. It further suggests that a loop current-like phase could trigger the long range magnetic order reported at larger doping in two-leg ladder cuprates.
A self-consistent method for the simulation of meteor trails with an application to radio observations
Authors: Bariselli F. , Boccelli S. , Dias B. , Hubin A. , Magin T. E. 
Published: July 2020

Context.Radio-based techniques allow for a meteor detection of 24 h. Electromagnetic waves are scattered by the electrons produced by the ablated species colliding with the incoming air. As the electrons dissipate in the trail, the received signal decays. The interpretation of these measurements entails complex physical modelling of the flow.Aims.In this work, we present a procedure to compute extensive meteor trails in the rarefied segment of the trajectory. This procedure is a general and standalone methodology, which provides meteor physical parameters at given trajectory conditions, without the need to rely on phenomenological lumped models.Methods.We started from fully kinetic simulations of the evaporated gas that describe the nonequilibrium in the flow and the ionisation collisions experienced by metals in their encounter with air molecules. These simulations were employed as initial conditions for performing detailed chemical and multicomponent diffusion calculations of the extended trail, in order to study the processes which lead to the extinction of the plasma. In particular, we focused on the evolution of the trail generated by a 1 mm meteoroid flying at 32 km s−1, above 80 km. We retrieved the ambipolar diffusion coefficient and the electron line density and compared the outcome of our computations with classical results and observational fittings. Finally, the electron field was employed to estimate the resulting reflected signal, using classical radio-echo theory for underdense meteors.Results.A global and constant diffusion coefficient is sufficient to reproduce numerical profiles. A good agreement is found when we compare the extracted diffusion coefficients with theory and observations.
Dense gas in a giant molecular filament
Authors: Wang Y. , Beuther H. , Schneider N. , Meidt S. E. , Linz H. , Ragan S. , Zucker C. , Battersby C. , Soler J. D. , Schinnerer E. , Bigiel F. , Colombo D. , Henning Th. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Recent surveys of the Galactic plane in the dust continuum and CO emission lines reveal that large (≳50 pc) and massive (≳105 M⊙) filaments, know as giant molecular filaments (GMFs), may be linked to Galactic dynamics and trace the mid-plane of the gravitational potential in the Milky Way. Yet our physical understanding of GMFs is still poor.
Aims. We investigate the dense gas properties of one GMF, with the ultimate goal of connecting these dense gas tracers with star formation processes in the GMF.
Methods. We imaged one entire GMF located at l ~ 52–54° longitude, GMF54 (~68 pc long), in the empirical dense gas tracers using the HCN(1–0), HNC(1–0), and HCO+(1–0) lines, and their 13C isotopologue transitions, as well as the N2H+(1–0) line. We studied the dense gas distribution, the column density probability density functions (N-PDFs), and the line ratios within the GMF.
Results. The dense gas molecular transitions follow the extended structure of the filament with area filling factors between 0.06 and 0.28 with respect to 13CO(1–0). We constructed the N-PDFs of H2 for each of the dense gas tracers based on their column densities and assumed uniform abundance. The N-PDFs of the dense gas tracers appear curved in log–log representation, and the HCO+ N-PDF has the flattest power-law slope index. Studying the N-PDFs for sub-regions of GMF54, we found an evolutionary trend in the N-PDFs that high-mass star-forming and photon-dominated regions have flatter power-law indices. The integrated intensity ratios of the molecular lines in GMF54 are comparable to those in nearby galaxies. In particular, the N2H+/13CO ratio, which traces the dense gas fraction, has similar values in GMF54 and all nearby galaxies except Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies.
Conclusions. As the largest coherent cold gaseous structure in our Milky Way, GMFs, are outstanding candidates for connecting studies of star formation on Galactic and extragalactic scales. By analyzing a complete map of the dense gas in a GMF we have found that: (1) the dense gas N-PDFs appear flatter in more evolved regions and steeper in younger regions, and (2) its integrated dense gas intensity ratios are similar to those of nearby galaxies.
Atmospheric parameters of Cepheids from flux ratios with ATHOS
Authors: Lemasle Bertrand , Hanke Michael , Storm Jesper , Bono Giuseppe , Grebel Eva K. 
Published: July 2020

Context. The effective temperature is a key parameter governing the properties of a star. For stellar chemistry, it has the strongest impact on the accuracy of the abundances derived. Since Cepheids are pulsating stars, determining their effective temperature is more complicated than in the case of nonvariable stars.
Aims. We want to provide a new temperature scale for classical Cepheids, with a high precision and full control of the systematics.
Methods. Using a data-driven machine learning technique employing observed spectra, and in taking great care to accurately phase single-epoch observations, we tied flux ratios to (label) temperatures derived using the infrared surface brightness method.
Results. We identified 143 flux ratios, which allow us to determine the effective temperature with a precision of a few Kelvin and an accuracy better than 150 K, which is in line with the most accurate temperature measures available to date. The method does not require a normalization of the input spectra and provides homogeneous temperatures for low- and high-resolution spectra, even at the lowest signal-to-noise ratios. Due to the lack of a dataset with a sufficient sample size for Small Magellanic Cloud Cepheids, the temperature scale does not extend to Cepheids with [Fe/H] < −0.6 dex. However, it nevertheless provides an exquisite, homogeneous means of characterizing Galactic and Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids.
Conclusions. The temperature scale will be extremely useful in the context of spectroscopic surveys for Milky Way archaeology with the WEAVE and 4MOST spectrographs. It paves the way for highly accurate and precise metallicity estimates, which will allow us to assess the possible metallicity dependence of Cepheids’ period-luminosity relations and, in turn, to improve our measurement of the Hubble constant H0.
Posteriores kortikales Atrophie-Plus-Syndrom. Eine Kasuistik
Authors: Saleh Christian , Seidl Ulrich , Stegentritt Katharina , Schumacher Florian , Fehrenbach Rose A. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie posteriore kortikale Atrophie (PCA) ist eine seltene neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die mit komplexen Sehstörungen einhergeht. Sie kann isoliert („PCA-pure“) oder zusammen mit anderen neurodegenerativen Störungen („PCA-plus“) auftreten. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt meistens verzögert, da die Erkrankung wenig bekannt ist und oftmals initial eine ophthalmologische Ursache vermutet wird.
Hemostatic Adaptations to High Intensity Interval Training in Healthy
Adult Men
Authors: Sackett James R. , Farrell Dan P. , Nagelkirk Paul R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegular exercise is theorized to reduce cardiovascular risk by attenuating
coagulation and augmenting fibrinolysis. However, these adaptations have not
been consistently observed during traditional exercise programs. The purpose
of this study was to examine hemostatic adaptations in healthy men following
four (4W) and eight (8W) weeks of high intensity interval training.
Twenty-one men (age=25±1 y; body mass
index=26.5±6.4 kg/m2)
completed eight weeks, three days/week of high intensity interval
training on a cycle ergometer. Activated partial thromboplastin time,
prothrombin time, and plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin III,
fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator
inhibitor-1 were assessed at baseline (BL), 4W, and 8W. Repeated measures
ANOVA were used to determine potential effects of training. There were no
significant changes observed for activated partial thromboplastin time
(BL=43.3±5.5, 4W=43.2±5.1,
8W=44.2±6.4 s); prothrombin time
(BL=13.2±0.9, 4W=13.0±0.6,
8W=13.1±0.8 s); thrombin-antithrombin III
(BL=6.0±2.3, 4W=5.8±2.3,
8W=5.6±3.1 ng/mL); tissue plasminogen
activator (BL=9.7±3.3, 4W=9.4±3.2,
8W=8.7±2.8 ng/mL); and plasminogen activator
inhibitor-1 (BL=19.0±17.5, 4W=19.3±17.0,
8W=18.9±18.9 ng/mL) (all p>0.05).
Fibrinogen was significantly lower at 4W
(238.6±70.3 mg/dL) compared to BL
(285.0±82.1 mg/dL; p<0.05) and 8W
(285.3±83.2 mg/dL; p<0.05). These findings
indicate that eight weeks of high intensity interval training does not
influence coagulation potential and/or stimulate fibrinolysis.
Fatigue Increases in Resting Muscle Oxygen Consumption after a
Women’s Soccer Match
Authors: Bonilla Aldo Alfonso Vasquez , Timon Rafael , Camacho-Cardeñosa Alba , Camacho-cardeñosa Marta , Guerrero Samantha , Olcina Guillermo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, near infrared spectroscopy has a clear potential to explain the
mechanisms of fatigue by assessing muscle oxygenation. The objective of the
study was to observe the changes in muscle oxygen consumption after an
official women’s soccer match. The sample was 14 players who
competing in the second division of Spain of women’s soccer. They
were evaluated before, immediately after and 24 h after the official
match. Biochemical parameters were measured in blood plasma (BUN, GOT, LDH,
CPK). The jumping in countermovement, perceived exertion and perceived
muscle pain were also assessed. The muscle oxygen consumption and muscle
oxygen saturation were evaluated in the gastrocnemius muscle with an
arterial occlusion test. ANOVA of repeated measures, Pearson’s
correlation and Hopkins’ statistics were applied to measure the
magnitudes of change and effect size. There was observed an increase in
kinetics of SmO2 at 24 h after the official match, using
arterial occlusion. In addition, it was found that the increase in muscle
oxygenation correlated with fatigue indicators, such as the increases in
LDH, perceived muscle pain and the decrease in countermovement. It is
confirmed that a women’s soccer match produced an increase of
resting muscle oxygenation in 24 h after the official match.
Surgical Experience of Video-Assisted Mediastinoscopy for Nonlung Cancer Diseases
Authors: Yazgan Serkan , Ucvet Ahmet , Gursoy Soner , Ceylan Kenan Can , Yıldırım Şener 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VAM) is a valuable method in the investigation of diseases with mediastinal lymphadenopathy or those localized in the mediastinum. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of VAM in the investigation of mediastinal involvement of nonlung cancer diseases and to describe our institutional surgical experience.
Methods Clinical parameters such as age, sex, histological diagnosis, morbidity, and mortality of all patients who underwent VAM for the investigation of mediastinal involvement of diseases except lung cancer between January 2006 and July 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and the diagnostic efficacy of VAM was determined statistically.
Results During the study period, 388 patients underwent VAM, and 536 lymph nodes were sampled for histopathological evaluation of mediastinum due to mediastinal lymphadenopathy or paratracheal lesions. The most common diagnoses were sarcoidosis (n = 178 [45.9%]), tuberculous lymphadenitis (n = 108 [27.8%]), lymphadenitis with anthracosis (n = 72 [18.6%]), and lymphoma (n = 15 [3.9%]).
Conclusion The results of the study show that VAM should be used because of its high diagnostic benefit in mediastinal lymphadenopathies, which are difficult to diagnose, or mediastinal lesions located in the paratracheal region. Despite the increase in the number of new diagnostic modalities, VAM is still the most effective method and a gold standard.
Comparison of Surgical Stabilization Time in Patients with Flail Chest
Authors: Çınar Hüseyin Ulaş , Çelik Burçin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of early and late surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRFs) in patients with flail chest.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with flail chest according to surgical stabilization time of rib fractures (early [≤ 72 hours] and late [>72 hours]). Outcome measures included duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, and morbidity and mortality rates. A correlation analysis was performed between the time from trauma to stabilization and the clinical outcomes after stabilization.
Results A total of 70 patients were evaluated (36 and 34 in the early and late groups, respectively). The demographics and indicators of injury severity were comparable in both groups. The early group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (23.7 vs. 165.6 hours; p = 0.003), ICU stay (6.5 vs. 19.7 days; p = 0.003), hospital stay (9 vs. 22.5 days; p = 0.001), and lower rate of atelectasis (11 vs. 58%; p = 0.01), pneumonia (8.8 vs. 50%; p = 0.001), and empyema (2.8 vs. 20.6%; p = 0.019). According to the correlation analysis, it was found that early surgical stabilization had a positive significant effect on clinical outcomes after stabilization.
Conclusion Early SSRFs in patients with flail chest results in more favorable clinical outcomes. It should be performed as soon as possible in the presence of indication and if feasible.
Natural Occurrence, Biological Functions, and Analysis of D-Amino Acids
Authors: Gu Shuang-Xi , Wang Hai-Feng , Zhu Yuan-Yuan , Chen Fen-Er 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review covers the recent development on the natural occurrence, functional elucidations, and analysis of amino acids of the D (dextro) configuration. In the pharmaceutical field, amino acids are not only used directly as clinical drugs and nutriments, but also widely applied as starting materials, catalysts, or chiral ligands for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Earler belief hold that only L-amino acids exist in nature and D-amino acids were artificial products. However, increasing evidence indicates that D-amino acids are naturally occurring in living organisms including human beings, plants, and microorganisms, playing important roles in biological processes. While D-amino acids have similar physical and chemical characteristics with their respective L-enantiomers in an achiral measurement, the biological functions of D-amino acids are remarkably different from those of L-ones. With the rapid development of chiral analytical techniques for D-amino acids, studies on the existence, formation mechanisms, biological functions as well as relevant physiology and pathology of D-amino acids have achieved great progress; however, they are far from being sufficiently explored.
Out-of-plane carrier spin in transition-metal dichalcogenides under electric current
Authors: Li Xiao , Chen Hua , Niu Qian 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Although out-of-plane current-induced spin polarization (CISP) is important for perpendicular-magnetization reorientation, and it has been realized by the crystalline symmetry breaking, its material examples are relatively fewer compared with in-plane CISP in Rashba systems. With the help of intrinsic spin–orbit coupling, an intriguing out-of-plane CISP is designed in transition-metal dichalcogenides by the symmetry breaking in the spin space, which provides opportunities for out-of-plane magnetization rotation and electric control of valley splitting. Moreover, the spin polarization is associated with valley-dependent responses to electric current and adds a dimension, valley degree of freedom, to the study of CISP. The symmetry argument and non-Rashba effective model also helps to illuminate these physics and broaden the scope of the CISP.
A partially disordered region connects gene repression and activation functions of EZH2
Authors: Jiao Lianying , Shubbar Murtada , Yang Xin , Zhang Qi , Chen Siming , Wu Qiong , Chen Zhe , Rizo Josep , Liu Xin 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, mediating trimethylation of histone H3K27, a hallmark of gene silencing. Paradoxically, accumulating evidence indicates that EZH2 also dictates a unique gene activation program to promote cancer development. The molecular mechanism underlying the functional conversion of EZH2 from a gene repressor to an activator is unclear. In the current study, we report an unexpected finding that EZH2 contains a hidden, partially disordered transactivation domain (TAD), which directly binds to the transcriptional coactivator p300 and activates gene expression in cancer cells. Structural analysis suggests a “lock-and-release” mechanism of the functional control of the EZH2 TAD by cancer-specific EZH2 phosphorylation.
Inhibition of impulsive action by projection-defined prefrontal pyramidal neurons
Authors: Li Bing , Nguyen Thao Phuong , Ma Chenyan , Dan Yang 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has long been recognized as a crucial region for suppressing impulsive behavior, but the specific neurons mediating the effect remained elusive. Using projection-specific labeling of PFC neurons for imaging and optogenetic manipulation in mice performing a go/no-go task, we showed that the subset of layer 5 pyramidal neurons projecting to the subthalamic nucleus, but not those projecting to the lateral hypothalamus or visual cortex, play a critical role in inhibiting impulsive responses. Our demonstration of a distinct functional property of a projection-defined PFC pyramidal neuron population provides an important entry point for delineating the PFC circuit underlying impulse control.
Dynamic and asymmetric fluctuations in the microtubule wall captured by high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy
Authors: Debs Garrett E. , Cha Michael , Liu Xueqi , Huehn Andrew R. , Sindelar Charles V. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The dynamic behavior of microtubules, a tubular polymer, is essential for numerous processes throughout the cell. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) has provided high-resolution snapshots of the microtubule during its GTP hydrolysis cycle, which regulates assembly and depolymerization. However, the dynamic structural properties of microtubules remain less well understood, due to limitations in cryo-EM analysis methods. Here we present a method to subdivide the microtubule wall into elemental components during cryo-EM refinement. This method substantially enhances the quality of 3D cryo-EM reconstructions, and reveals stochastic fluctuations in the geometry of the microtubule wall. Distinct microtubule subpopulations were identified that exhibit large and systematic deviations from helical symmetry, with potential implications for microtubule assembly/disassembly and other dynamic behaviors that remains incompletely understood.
Symmetry breaking in particle-forming diblock polymer/homopolymer blends
Authors: Cheong Guo Kang , Bates Frank S. , Dorfman Kevin D. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Frank–Kasper phases are low-symmetry packings of particles, originally discovered in metals and alloys and now observed in a wide range of soft matter. Understanding how such low-symmetry phases arise in soft materials is an outstanding challenge, as they tend to form high-symmetry, close-packed structures. This work uncovers a mechanism for generating Frank–Kasper phases in diblock copolymers with soft matrices that prefer to form a body-centered cubic structure in the neat-melt state. As homopolymer is loaded into the core of the particles, the system selects a series of Frank–Kasper phases with increasing particle volume asymmetry until eventually the homopolymer phase separates from the block polymer.
Hyponastic Leaves 1 protects pri-miRNAs from nuclear exosome attack
Authors: Gao Shuai , Wang Jingyu , Jiang Ning , Zhang Shiting , Wang Yuan , Zhang Jun , Li Ning , Fang Yixiao , Yang Lin , Chen Susu , Yan Bingbing , Huang Tian , Kuai Benke , Wang Yingxiang , Chang Fang , Ren Guodong 
Published: July 2020

Significance
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are indispensable regulators of gene expression. Hyponastic Leaves 1 (HYL1) is a core component of the microprocessor that processes primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) into mature miRNAs. Here we report a noncanonical function of HYL1 in protecting pri-miRNAs from unwanted nuclear exosome activities during processing. Our observations also suggest that HYL1 may contribute differently to the Dicer-like 1 (DCL1)-mediated maturation of loop-to-base– and base-to-loop–processed pri-miRNAs. This study thus integrates the RNA surveillance system to the miRNA biogenesis pathway and sheds light on the multifaced roles of HYL1 in miRNA biogenesis.