bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Solid-state Synthesis of MnFe2O4 and its Application as Photo-Fenton Catalyst for the Degradation of dye
Authors: Awaluddin A , Nanda R , Ilahi A N , Amiruddin E , Deraf I F P , Siregar S S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Manganese ferrite spinel has been successfully synthesized using birnessite-type manganese oxide (MnO2) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) through solid-state method. The solid product was then calcined at different temperatures to study the effect of the calcination on the structure and catalytic activity. The as-synthesized ferrite was further characterized by XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, and UV-DRS spectroscopy. The XRD results revealed that the predominant phase present is MnFe2O4, with the cyptomelane-type MnO2 appearing as a minor components. The increase in the calcination temperature resulted in more crystalline phase and purity of MnFe2O4. The IR vibration modes are found in-between 432-745 cm−1 with Fe-O bond at 680 cm−1 and 745 cm−1, and Mn-O at 412 cm−1, 432 cm−1 and 488 cm−1 indicated the spinel phase of the MnFe2O4. The Raman results further confirmed the presence of the MnFe2O4 phase. The UV-DRS results indicated that the calcination temperature has a strong influence on the optical properties. The catalytic test was conducted for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye using the photo-Fenton method and the MnFe2O4 calcined at 700°C showed the highest catalytic activity. In the optimum condition, the MnFe2O4 was able to degrade 97.99% of MB with the following conditions: 0.04 g of MnFe2O4, 5 mL of H2O2, and 50 ppm of initial MB concentration. The optimum condition seems to correlate with a low band gap and high purity of the MnFe2O4 phase.
Comprehensive Geometric Modeling of the Sibayak Geothermal Field
Authors: Qarinur M , Silitonga E M R , Alvan S , Ogata S , Kinoshita N , Yasuhara H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geothermal reservoirs are significant sources of renewable energy. Accurate geometric modeling of these reservoirs is essential for understanding the distribution of heat and fluid dynamics within them. This study aims to develop a geometric model of the Sibayak geothermal field using borehole data. Borehole data provide detailed geological information, which is crucial for constructing a realistic geometric model. The methodology of this research involves several key steps: the collection of borehole data from the Sibayak geothermal field, the construction of a 3D geometric model of the reservoir using COMSOL Multiphysics based on the borehole data, and the validation of the model through comparison with field data and previous research findings. The results indicate that the developed geometric model successfully identifies zones with high geothermal potential and provides an accurate depiction of the reservoir’s boundaries and characteristics. Modeling the geometry of geothermal reservoirs using borehole data offers profound insights into the internal dynamics of the reservoir and can serve as a valuable tool for planning and optimizing geothermal energy exploitation.
Effect of Boric Oxide Compounds on the Physical Properties and Structure of “Huta Ginjang” Quartz Sand-Based Glass Medium
Authors: Panggabean Jonny Haratua , Sihombing Luli Warti , Rajagukguk Juniastel , Sarumaha Chayani S. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Effect of boric oxide compounds on the physical properties and structure of “huta ginjang” quartz sand-based glass medium from the compound composition of (x) quartz sand - (60-x) B2O3 - 10BaO - 30Na2O where x = 0; 2.5; 5; 10; (mol%). All compounds were produced in powder form with a total mass of 15 grams using melting technology at 1300°C. To determine the quality of the glass material, measurements and calculations of physical properties of glass such as molar massa, molar volume, density and others were carried out. Characterization is done using XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis-NIR. XRD results show the structure of the glass by adding quartz sand is amorphous. As the concentration of quartz sand increases, the density of the sample increases slowly, while the molar volume decreases slowly. There are 4 peak positions in the FTIR spectrum of borate glass which are located in the absorption regions of 822 cm-1, 950cm-1, 1335 cm-1, and 1665 cm-1 from wavelengths 700-4000. The glass material absorption spectrum has sharp peaks of light absorption at wavelengths of 350-1100 nm.
Quartz Sand “Huta Ginjang” On Physical Properties And Structure Of Phosphate Glass Medium
Authors: Hutahaean Juniar , Tambunan Four Eriska Friani , Rajagukguk Juniastel , Sarumaha Chayani S. , Kaewkhao Jakrapong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Composition glass with x Quartz Sands+(60–x)P2O5+10BaO+30Na2O (%mol) with (x = 0; 2,5; 10; 5; 10; 15; 20) and 15mol% was tested using melt-quenching technique and ball mill technique to refine quartz sand. A few of the characterization carried out distinguish physical properties and basic properties. Characterization using XRD to shows the purity of the high silicate content in quartz sand and shows that QSand-Phosphate glass has an amorphous structure after all samples are mixed. FTIR to show that QSand-Phosphate glass from Hutaginjang has a maximum transmittance absorption band but with different strain widths and heights in vibration absorption as the quartz sand increases. Based on the results of their radiation properties, the glasses in this study has the potential as optical amplifier.
Traditional Wooden Building Construction Technology in Rumoh Aceh: A Preservation Effort
Authors: Nasution Irma Novrianty , Alvan Syahreza , Yacub Mirzal , Qarinur Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The position of North Sumatra is very strategic because there are three adjacent cultural areas between homogeneous cultures, namely Aceh and West Sumatra, and North Sumatra, which has a heterogeneous culture. The uniqueness and diversity of culture in North Sumatra are enriched by the assimilation with other cultures that influence the results of physical culture in architecture, especially in the Acehnese ethnic group, namely Rumoh Aceh, which has characteristic traditional wooden buildings. Rumoh Aceh, which is still authentic, is difficult to find. Rumoh Aceh has become a cultural heritage building, some of which are maintained and juxtaposed with new types of buildings, as well as the latest construction technology. Rumoh Aceh construction has a unique and structured connection system. This study aims to identify the structural and construction systems of buildings as a preservation effort. The data was collected through observation surveys and literature studies and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to obtain an accurate picture of the object in the field. The research findings in the form of Rumoh Aceh construction are buildings with a modular form and a traditional wooden connection system that still survives and is worthy of conservation.
Influence of Diamond-Like Carbon and Electroplating Ni-Cr on hardness and surface roughness of implant material AISI 316LN
Authors: Pakpahan Binsar Maruli Tua , Pasaribu Muhammad Nuh Hudawi , Simatupang Lisnawaty , Silaban Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
AISI 316LN is widely used in biomedical applications, specifically bone implant materials because it is easier to fabricate than titanium alloys and cobalt alloys and has a cheap price. AISI 316LN has lower hardness than titanium alloy and coblate alloy, which causes many material failures. Diamond-like Carbon is a surface treatment that may enhance a material’s mechanical qualities and resistance to corrosion. Because electroplating creates a coating on the surface, it can enhance mechanical qualities and corrosion resistance. The Diamond-like Carbon process is carried out on the AISI 316LN surface with a duration of 1.4 mbar with a coating time of 4 hours and a hardness of 40-50 HRC. In the Ni-Cr electroplating process, the nickel base coating was applied for 15 minutes, and then the Cr coating was applied for 0, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. The results of the research show that the Diamond-Like Carbon treatment increases the roughness after being electroplating, then the roughness decreases with increasing time. The roughness of electroplating increases with increasing electroplating duration. The roughness of the combined Diamond-like Carbon treatment followed by electroplating is higher than the Dimaond-like Carbon or electroplating treatment. The hardness of the Diamond-like Carbon treatment increases with increasing duration time. Electroplating hardness increased up to 20 minutes, then the hardness value decreased with increasing electroplating duration up to 30 minutes. The combined hardness value of Diamond-like Carbon treatment followed by electroplating is the highest. Changes in grain size occur on the surface during the electroplating treatment.
Hydrological Study of Deli River Flood Discharge Using the HSS Nakayasu Model
Authors: Rahmadani Sarra , Harahap Rumilla , Yuzni Siti Zulfa , Rani Cut Meuthia , Tinov Naufal , Waruwu Jovan Anugrah , Rahmadani Siti Sari 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Deli River, in North Sumatra, is often hit by flood disasters, so studies are needed to understand the flood discharge. The aim of this research is to analyze the Deli River flood discharge using the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) model. Hydrological data which includes rainfall and water discharge is used as input material to model the response of river flow to rain events in the Deli River area, especially Medan Maimun District, for a period of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 years from 2014. The results of the study show that discharge the HSS Nakayasu model flood is Q 2 : 383,403 m 3 /sec, Q 5 : 431,259 m³/sec; Q 10 : 461.897 m³/sec; Q 25 : 499.823 m³/sec; Q 50 : 527,620 m³/sec; Q 100 : 555.149 m³/sec.
Utilization Of Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) Shell Waste As A Source Of Hydroxyapatite By Double Stirring And Precipitation Methods As Biomaterials
Authors: Maghfirah Awan , Sidauruk Rahelda Irene 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Research has been conducted on the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite of kijing shells. Kijing shells (Pilsbryoconcha exilis) are a potential natural resource in the Belawan mangrove forest area, North Sumatra. Kijing shells have a high calcium content which has the potential to be utilized as a calcium precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) using the double stirring and precipitation method at variations in sintering temperatures of 800°C, 900°C, and 1.000°C. The synthesis of HA by the precipitation method involves mixing calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) solutions through a titration process. The double stirring method combining magnetic and ultrasonic stirring improves the homogeneity of the reaction. Analysis of kijing shell ash using XRF shows that the dominant element content is the element Calcium (Ca) of 64,268% with Calcium Oxide (CaO) compounds of 52,482%. The results of characterization using XRD show that HAp obtained has a degree of crystallinity of 22,13%, 29,95%, and 32,95%, respectively. The highest degree of crystallinity value at 1000°C. The average crystal size of the three samples is 32-68 nm which meets the standards of biomedical applications. The crystal structure of the hydroxyapatite of the three samples is hexagonal. From the results of the FTIR test, the three samples obtained wave numbers indicating the functional groups 0H−, PO4
3-, CO3
2-, which are the dominant functional groups that make up hydroxyapatite. The results of SEM analysis on the hydroxyapatite of the three samples have porosity. EDX results show the Ca/P ratio of the three samples are 1,67; 1,45; and 1,61, respectively. Sample A1 has an average pore diameter of 1.960,77 nm, A2 of 1.234 nm, A3 of 925,899 nm.
Utilization of SPOT 6 Image Remote Sensing for Mapping Coral Reef and Seagrass
Authors: Taufik Rahmadi M. , Lubis Darwin Parlaungan , Rohani  , Yuniastuti Eni , Suciani Ayu , Pratama Alvin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With one of the world’s longest coastlines, Indonesia has vast marine resources like coral reefs and seagrass that are crucial for biodiversity, coastal protection, and marine tourism. However, these ecosystems are deteriorating due to sedimentation, pollution, and human activities, necessitating accurate remote sensing mapping for sustainable management. This research focuses on mapping coral reefs and seagrass cover in Simeulue Regency, Aceh, to support effective and sustainable resource management and local community welfare using SPOT 6 satellite imagery and field surveys. This study is a quantitative descriptive research aimed at mapping coral reef and seagrass cover in Simeulue Regency using SPOT 6 multispectral satellite imagery. The image data obtained are processed, including geometric and radiometric corrections, and validated through field surveys using the transect method to compare mapping results with actual field conditions. The data analysis process includes object-based image classification, accuracy testing using a confusion matrix, and reinterpretation of the map. The research results show that Simeulue Regency, located in the Indian Ocean, comprises approximately 57 islands and is known for its rich marine biodiversity, particularly coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems, which cover an area of around 26,120.31 hectares. Despite being vital for marine life and local communities, these ecosystems face threats from climate change, human activities, and natural disturbances, leading to a decline in coral cover, with only about 6% of Indonesia's coral reefs in good condition. Effective monitoring, restoration, and conservation efforts are crucial for maintaining these ecosystems and supporting the livelihoods of communities dependent on them.
Characteristics of Rare Earth Metals Rock Content in the Parmonangan Area of North Tapanuli Using Petrographic Methods
Authors: Juliani Rita , Rahmatsyah  , Tampubolon Togi , Halawa Erniwati , Sari Silvia Dona 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rare Earth Element (REE) are a commodity that continues in increase due to technological advancements. Rare earth metals are not widely know for their resources. The scarcity of rare earth metals identifies the need to search for their geological existence by characterizing the megascopic and microscopic characteristics of rocks. The research was conducted in the Parmonangan subdistrict, North Sumatera. Sampling was carried out in the outcrop area. The rock samples were prepared by making slabs 2-3 cm thick, then cutting them into chips to fit the slides for a polarizing microscope, and subsequently characterized megascopically dan microscopically. Megascropical petrology results show that the rock type is plutonic with reddish brown and yellowish brown, with a massive structure with granite, tonalite, syienite and biotite granite. The results of the microscopic characteristics obtained a rock texture with phaneritic and porphyritic granularity with fine-medium crystal sizes (<1-5 mm). The average primary mineral composition is 20-50% quartz, 20-40 % feldspar, 12-20% biotite, and 5-10% secondary minerals cassiterite, 5-10% monazite and 3-10% zircon.
Multilayer PZT/PVDF Composite Films for High-Performance Force Sensor and Energy Harvesting Applications.
Authors: Suprapto  , Eswanto  , Jubaidah  , Suprianto  , yazid Edwar , Nugraha Aditya Sukma , Azhari Budi , Ramadiansyah M.Luthfi , Fathul Hikmawan M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The growing need for self-powered electronics has led to extensive research into highly efficient energy-harvesting technologies. This study specifically explores multilayer composite films (MCF) made of PZT/PVDF for use in sensors and energy harvesting. Thorough characterization of the MCF PZT/PVDF using SEM and AFM has provided important insights into its microstructure and surface morphology. Essential piezoelectric properties were observed using FTIR and XRD. The output voltage response and piezoelectric coefficient (d33
) of the films were measured via impact tests to assess performance under different forces. The MCF PZT/PVDF show significant promise for advancing the field of sensors, energy harvesting, and flexible electronics, providing a sustainable and efficient approach to power generation.
Hexa-β-alaninium tetradeca(bromido)tetraplumbate(II)
Authors: Tonoyan G.S. , Giester G. , Ghazaryan V.V. , Badalyan A.H. , Chilingaryan R.Yu. , Margaryan A.A. , Mkrtchyan A.H. , Petrosyan A.M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A new compound, (β-AlaH)6(Pb4Br14) (I), where β-AlaH is a cation of β-alanine, was synthesized; it crystallizes in the triclinic space group P

1

¯

. The tetradeca(bromido)tetraplumbate(II) anion (Pb4Br14)6− is located in a general position and forms a 2D-structure. The crystal exhibits photoluminescence at ambient conditions using 405 nm laser excitation.
Investigation of Giant Radio galaxy B2 1141+37
Authors: Hovhannisyan M.A. , Mkhitaryan S.A. , Karapetyan R.A. , Sargsyan T.H. , Mahtesyan L.A. , Vardanyan J.G , Mahtessian A.P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The giant radio galaxy B2 1141+37 consists of two high-intensity radio galaxies, B2 1141+37A and B2 1141+41B, both of which emit strongly in both the radio and optical bands. The galaxy B2 1141+37A is an FR II type galaxy with a relatively weak radio source at its center and two strong radio sources at a distance of 2-3 min in the 1400 MHz range (First catalog). In the optical range, there are two very powerful galaxies close to each other. The galaxy is located at a distance of approximately 500 Mpc (z= 0.114820 ± 2.00e-5) and has a size of 75 kpc, where we consider for calculations the Hubble Constant H= 72km/s.Mpc and q0=1/2.
High–Precision light rangefinder with phase modulation accumulation
Authors: Hayrapetyan Y , Hunanyan H , Petrosyan S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper suggests the possibility of reducing the modulation power by using a light modulator on a KDP crystal of a special design. For this purpose, in the light modulator, the second end of the electro–optical crystal and the clamping contact at the junction are made in the form of two orthogonal planes, the intersection line of which is parallel to one of the induced axes of the crystal. The orthogonal planes of the electro–optical crystal are made reflective. In such a crystal, the incoming beam is reflected twice without changing the modulation polarization and exits the crystal with an accumulation of modulation, leading to a decrease in microwave power and an increase in the signal–to–noise ratio by eliminating internal reflections of the crystal on the photo detector.
The effect of different doses of biofertilizers and concentrations of palm olein diethanolamide biosurfactant on the growth of cocoa seedlings
Authors: Eris F R , Nurmayulis  , Sodiq A H , Sentiya A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varying doses of biofertilizer and the concentration of palm oil diethanolamide (DEA) biosurfactant and to analyze the potential interaction of both on the growth of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.). This study used a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor is the dose of biofertilizer (0, 10 and 20 ml), the second factor is the concentration of DEA biosurfactant (0, 5, 10 and 15%) and 3 replications. An experimental unit consisted of two cocoa seedlings. A biofertilizer consisting of a consortium of microbes, including Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Azospirillum, was applied to cacao seedlings. The results showed that the biofertilizer dosage had a significant effect on the number of leaves after 4 weeks of treatment. The concentration of DEA biosurfactant had no significant effect on any of the parameters The interaction between the dose of biofertilizer and the concentration of DEA biosurfactant affected plant height after 8 weeks. The interaction between the treatment without biofertilizer with 5% DEA and the treatment of biofertilizer 20 ml/seedling with 15% DEA was significant.
Promoting Vanda tricolor growth at the acclimatization stage: influence of rice washing water and wood charcoal-fern root medium
Authors: Rineksane Innaka Ageng , Aulia Diah , Astuti Agung , Samidjo Gatot Supangkat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Vanda tricolor is a type of orchid found exclusively on Mount Merapi’s slopes. Various efforts have been undertaken to conserve this orchid, including the growth of this species by in vitro culture and acclimatization. However, the success of orchid growth during acclimatization is heavily influenced by the planting medium and nutrients. This study aims to identify the optimal medium and nutritional source for the acclimatization of Vanda tricolor. This research was carried out in Completely Randomized Block Design using two factors. The first factor is the medium composition divided into three treatments, namely, wood charcoal, fern roots and mixed of wood charcoal and fern roots. The second factor is the source of nutrients divided into three treatments, namely no nutrients added, monosodium glutamate and rice washing water. Each treatment was replicated three times, with each replication comprising three samples. The data obtained from quantitative observations were evaluated using Analysis of Variance with a significance level of 5%. The analysis results indicated no reciprocal effect between the medium type and nutrient source on the growth of Vanda tricolor during the acclimatization phase. The findings demonstrated that the utilization of a wood charcoal-fern root medium had a more favorable impact on the acclimatization process of the Vanda tricolor orchid, as evidenced by increases in plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and leaf width. On the other hand, rice washing water is a more appropriate nutrient source for the growth of Vanda tricolor.
Design of Mobile Vertical Burner Machine Integrated with Heat Exchanger for Air Heating System of Tea Dryer Machine
Authors: Harianto Sugeng , Hajad Makbul , Purwantana Bambang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To enhance the benefit of wood pellet as source of energy for tea production, there is a need to develop an efficient wood pellet burner with high flexibility in use for tea drying process. This research aims to develop a design of a mobile vertical burner wood pellets integrated with a heat exchanger part for tea drying process. The machine was designed to supply the clean heated air for tea drying process using ball tea machine requiring temperature of 105 °C and air flow rate of 890 CFM. The vertical burner type integrated with the multi-layer heat exchanger was provided to enhance the air heating efficiency of the machine. The fin type heat exchanger was used as the primary air heat exchanger and the tube type was used as the pre-heating systems. The blower supplies air for combustion into the burner chamber with a flow rate of 360.75 CFM. The suction blower produces hot air with a flow rate of up to 1103.47 CFM. To optimize the machine performance, 2 process parameters were examined namely wood pellet input feeding rate with 3 levels (5 kg/hour, 7 kg/hour and 9 kg/hour) and output air flowrate (895.23 CFM; 1,028.55 CFM; 1,103.47 CFM). The response parameters used in this research to determine the performance of the machine are the air heating rate and air heating efficiency. The experiment was designed based on the general full factorial design. The results show that proposed design revealed to be able to provide the required air flowrate (up to 1028 cfm) and air heating temperature (up to 105 °C) for the ball tea machine. The analysis shows that the input feeding rate and output air flowrate factors are found to be significant to determine the air heating rate and air heating efficiency parameters. The optimum condition of the process parameter were at air flowrate of 1,028 CFM with input feeding rate of 5 kg/hour wood pellets to obtain the air heating efficiency at 70.83%. The mobile vertical burner design is able to offer an alternative clean hot air solution for drying agricultural products that is cheaper, cleaner, environmentally friendly with high flexibility in use.