bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID University Challenge: a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points Assessment of the Return of Students to Higher Education Establishments
Authors: Edmunds Kelly L. , Bowater Laura , Brainard Julii , de Coriolis Jean-Charles , Lake Iain , Malik Rimsha R. , Newark Lorraine , Ward Neil , Yeoman Kay , Hunter Paul R. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted economies and societies throughout the world in 2020. Education was especially affected, with schools and universities widely closed for long periods. People under 25 years have the lowest risk of severe disease but their activities can be key to persistent ongoing community transmission. A challenge arose for how to provide education, including university level, without the activities of students increasing wider community SARS- CoV-2 infections.We used a Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework to assess the risks associated with university student activity and recommend how to mitigate these risks. This tool appealed because it relies on multi-agency collaboration and interdisciplinary expertise and yet is low cost, allowing rapid generation of evidence-based recommendations.We identified key critical control points associated with university student’ activities, lifestyle and interaction patterns both on-and-off campus. Unacceptable contact thresholds and the most up-to-date guidance were used to identify levels of risk for potential SARS-CoV-2 transmission, as well as recommendations based on existing research and emerging evidence for strategies that can reduce the risks of transmission. Employing the preventative measures we suggest can reduce the risks of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among and from university students. Reduction of infectious disease transmission in this demographic will reduce overall community transmission, lower demands on health services and reduce risk of harm to clinically vulnerable individuals while allowing vital education activity to continue. HACCP assessment proved a flexible tool for risk analysis in a specific setting in response to an emerging infectious disease threat.
Local structure investigation of Co–Fe–Si–B ribbons by extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy
Authors: Deshmukh A. A. , Srivastava A. P. , Singh J. P. , Kumar Manish , Chae K. H. , Asokan K. , Palikundwar U. A. 
Published: December 2020

In the present work, extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) investigations of Co69Fe
x
Si21–x
B10 (x = 3, 5, 7) glassy ribbons were performed at the Co K-edge. The magnitude of the first peak of the Fourier transforms of the EXAFS signals is found to increase monotonically with increasing Si concentrations indicating the formation of the localized ordered structure at the atomic scale. The Co–Si coordination number (CN) increases at the expense of the CN of Co/Fe. Smaller interatomic distances are observed in the glassy phase compared with that in the crystalline phase which promotes the stability of the glassy phase. Calculations of the thermodynamic parameter (P
HSS), cohesive energy (E
C) and the atomic radius difference (δ) parameter show that the alloy composition Co69Fe3Si18B10 has a good glass-forming ability (GFA) with the highest CN of Si compared with other compositions. A linear correlation of CN with that of the GFA parameter (P
HSS) exists and the CN also plays a crucial role in the GFA of the glassy alloys. This parameter should be considered in developing different GFA criteria.
Transnational immigrant entrepreneurship: effects of home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem factors
Authors: Duan Carson , Kotey Bernice , Sandhu Kamaljeet 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this theoretical paper is to explore how immigrants' home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) factors impact transnational immigrant entrepreneurs (TIEs). The paper draws on the dual embeddedness and transnational entrepreneurship theories to explore how the home-country EE influences transnational immigrant entrepreneurship (TIE).Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted a qualitative case study methodology involving content analysis of secondary data. It analyzed data set against the existing EE framework to constructively explore the home-country effects.FindingsThe findings reveal that all home-country EE domains and associated factors affect TIEs. The paper established six testable propositions with regard to the home-country EE domains: accessible market, human capital, social culture, infrastructure and business support and government policies. A number of new factors were identified for each home-country EE domain. Finally, the paper provided future research directions.Research limitations/implicationsCare has to be taken in generalizing the findings from this research due to the small sample of contemporary Chinese immigrants in Australia and New Zealand. The propositions also require empirical testing.Practical implicationsThe findings contribute to the TIE literature by identifying new factors of the home-country EE and presenting testable propositions. The results have impact on immigration policies and programs.Social implicationsTransnational immigrant entrepreneurship can be a pathway to help immigrants to integrate into mainstream society. The findings from this article indirectly contribute to immigrant social development.Originality/valueThis original article fills research gaps by analyzing how home-country EE elements affect TIE. It reveals that the EE framework is effective for investigating it.
Improvement of C5.0 algorithm using internet of things with Bayesian principles for food traceability systems
Authors: Souprayen Balamurugan , Ayyanar Ayyasamy , K Suresh Joseph 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the food traceability is used to retain the good quality of raw material supply, diminish the loss and reduced system complexity.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hybrid algorithm is for food traceability to make accurate predictions and enhanced period data. The operation of the internet of things is addressed to track and trace the food quality to check the data acquired from manufacturers and consumers.FindingsIn order to survive with the existing financial circumstances and the development of global food supply chain, the authors propose efficient food traceability techniques using the internet of things and obtain a solution for data prediction.Originality/valueThe operation of the internet of things is addressed to track and trace the food quality to check the data acquired from manufacturers and consumers. The experimental analysis depicts that proposed algorithm has high accuracy rate, less execution time and error rate.
Employee outcomes of supporting and valuing diversity: mediating role of diversity climate
Authors: Mansoor Sadia , Tran Phuong Anh , Ali Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Diversity management is gaining attention in the organizations. This study aims to theorize and test a model linking efforts to support diversity and organizational value of diversity with job satisfaction and organizational identification and to propose that these relationships are mediated by an organization’s diversity climate.

Design/methodology/approach
Employee survey was used to collect data from employees at an Australian manufacturing organization. Structural equation modelling in AMOS was performed for the proposed model, controlling for age and gender.

Findings
The mediating role of diversity climate in the relationship of organizational value of diversity and outcomes (job satisfaction and organizational identification) is significant. The authors discuss theoretical, research and practical contributions.

Originality/value
The present study extends the literature by testing a mediation model derived from the signalling and social exchange theories.
Investor attention and the response of US stock market sectors to the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Smales Lee A. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeCOVID-19 has had an immense impact on global stock markets, with no sector escaping its effects. Investor attention towards COVID-19 surged as the virus spread, the number of cases grew and its consequences imposed on everyday life. We assess whether this increase in investor attention may explain stock returns across different sectors during this unusual period.Design/methodology/approachWe adopt the methodology of Da et al. (2015), using Google search volume (GSV) as a proxy for investor attention to examine the relationship between investor attention and stock returns across 11 sectors.FindingsOur results demonstrate that heightened attention towards COVID-19 negatively influences US stock returns. However, relatively speaking, some sectors appear to have gained from the increased attention. This outperformance is centred in the sectors most likely to benefit (or likely to lose least) from the crisis and associated spending by households and government (i.e. consumer staples, healthcare and IT). Such results may be explained by an information discovery hypothesis in the sense that investors are searching online for information to enable a greater understanding of COVID-19's impact on relative stock sector performance.Originality/valueWhile we do not claim that investor attention is the only driver of stock returns during this unique period, we do provide evidence that it contributes to the market impact and to the heterogeneity of returns across stock market sectors.
Numerical investigation on pile group efficiency embedded in soft clay
Authors: Ferchat Abdelkrim , Houhou Mohamed Nabil , Benmebarek Sadok 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the pile group efficiency based on the load-settlement response in soft clay conditions, considering several pile configurations using a variable number of piles and pile spacing. The overall objective of the present paper is to provide further insight into the mechanical response of the pile group and aim at helping the engineers in taking a logical path in an iterative design process for pile group efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
To investigate the pile group efficiency, three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations were performed using the finite-difference code FLAC3D.

Findings
The obtained numerical results are validated by comparing them to those of similar subgrade structure and in comparable geological conditions provided within the literature. The results indicated that although the bearing capacity of the pile group increases with increasing number of piles, the efficiency of the pile group is very important for a small number of piles. However, increasing of pile spacing has a positive effect on pile group efficiency depending on piles number and settlement level. The pertinence of the 3D numerical results of efficiency coefficient is judged by comparison with those obtained from the most popular formulas available in the literature.

Originality/value
A predicted model is also proposed which is validated with the obtained numerical results to a better goodness of fit.
The influence of species life history and distribution characteristics on species responses to habitat fragmentation in an urban landscape
Authors: Amburgey Staci M. , Miller David A. W. , Rochester Carlton J. , Delaney Katy S. , Riley Seth P. D. , Brehme Cheryl S. , Hathaway Stacie A. , Fisher Robert N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFragmentation within urbanized environments often leads to a loss of native species diversity; however, variation exists in responses among‐species and among‐populations within species.We aimed to identify patterns in species biogeography in an urbanized landscape to understand anthropogenic effects on vertebrate communities and identify species that are more sensitive or resilient to landscape change.We investigated patterns in species richness and species responses to fragmentation in southern Californian small vertebrate communities using multispecies occupancy models and determined factors associated with overall commonness and sensitivity to patch size for 45 small vertebrate species both among and within remaining non‐developed patches.In general, smaller patches had fewer species, with amphibian species richness being particularly sensitive to patch size effects. Mammals were generally more common, occurring both in a greater proportion of patches and a higher proportion of the sites within occupied patches. Alternatively, amphibians were generally restricted to larger patches but were more ubiquitous within smaller patches when occupied. Species range size was positively correlated with how common a species was across and within patches, even when controlling for only patches that fell within a species' range. We found sensitivity to patch size was greater for more fecund species and depended on where the patch occurred within a species' range. While all taxa were more likely to occur in patches in the warmer portions of their ranges, amphibians and mammals were more sensitive to fragmentation in these warmer areas as compared to the rest of their ranges. Similarly, amphibians occurred at a smaller proportion of sites within patches in drier portions of their ranges. Mammals occurred at a higher proportion of sites that were also in drier portions of their range while reptiles did not differ in their sensitivity to patch size by range position.We demonstrate that taxonomy, life history, range size and range position can predict commonness and sensitivity of species across this highly fragmented yet biodiverse landscape. The impacts of fragmentation on species communities within an urban landscape depend on scale, with differences emerging among and within species and populations.
Biologging reveals individual variation in behavioural predictability in the wild
Authors: Hertel Anne G. , Royauté Raphaël , Zedrosser Andreas , Mueller Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Recent research highlights the ecological importance of individual variation in behavioural predictability. Individuals may not only differ in their average expression of a behavioural trait (their behavioural type) and in their ability to adjust behaviour to changing environmental conditions (individual plasticity), but also in their variability around their average behaviour (predictability). However, quantifying behavioural predictability in the wild has been challenging due to limitations of acquiring sufficient repeated behavioural measures.

We here demonstrate how common biologging data can be used to detect individual variation in behavioural predictability in the wild and reveal the coexistence of highly predictable individuals along with unpredictable individuals within the same population.

We repeatedly quantified two behaviours—daily movement distance and diurnal activity—in 62 female brown bears Ursus arctos tracked across 187 monitoring years. We calculated behavioural predictability over the short term (50 consecutive monitoring days within 1 year) and long term (across monitoring years) as the residual intra‐individual variability (rIIV) of behaviour around the behavioural reaction norm. We tested whether predictability varies systematically across average behavioural types and whether it is correlated across functionally distinct behaviours, that is, daily movement distance and amount of diurnal activity.

Brown bears showed individual variation in behavioural predictability from predictable to unpredictable individuals. For example, the standard deviation around the average daily movement distance within one monitoring year varied up to fivefold from 1.1 to 5.5 km across individuals. Individual predictability for both daily movement distance and diurnality was conserved across monitoring years. Individual predictability was correlated with behavioural type where individuals which were on average more diurnal and mobile were also more unpredictable in their behaviour. In contrast, more nocturnal individuals moved less and were more predictable in their behaviour. Finally, individual predictability in daily movement distance and diurnality was positively correlated, suggesting that individual predictability may be a quantitative trait in its own regard that could evolve and is underpinned by genetic variation.

Unpredictable individuals may cope better with stochastic events and unpredictability may hence be an adaptive behavioural response to increased predation risk. Coexistence of predictable and unpredictable individuals may therefore ensure adaptable and resilient populations.
Can we manage marine mammal bycatch effectively in low‐data environments?
Authors: Punt André E. , Siple Margaret C. , Francis Tessa B. , Hammond Philip S. , Heinemann Dennis , Long Kristy J. , Moore Jeff , Sepúlveda Maritza , Reeves Randall R. , Sigurðsson Guðjón Már , Víkingsson Gísli , Wade Paul R. , Williams Rob , Zerbini Alexandre N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Determining acceptable rates of human‐caused mortality in low‐data situations is a concern for many taxa world‐wide. An established approach for determining acceptable levels of human‐caused mortality of marine mammals and other species of conservation concern is the Potential Biological Removal (PBR) framework, but PBR requires near‐unbiased estimates of absolute abundance, constraining its use in systems with limited data.

We develop three alternative methods for identifying acceptable levels of human‐caused mortality for long‐lived, slowly reproducing species, using indices of relative abundance combined with estimates of bycatch mortality in fisheries, and evaluate these methods using simulations similar to those used to develop PBR.

Across a variety of scenarios, the parameters of the three methods can be tuned to achieve conservation performance similar to that of PBR in scenarios that represent nearly ideal conditions. However, these methods produce lower and more variable bycatch mortality limits, depend upon reasonably accurate estimates of bycatch mortality and are more sensitive to uncertainties.

Synthesis and applications. Here we develop three alternative methods that expand the toolbox of approaches available for use in determining marine mammal conservation reference points for human‐caused mortality when it is not possible to apply the more standard, data‐hungry PBR approach. These approaches may be useful in supporting the establishment of new bycatch management programmes, or until estimates of absolute abundance become available.
The impact of terrorism on agriculture in African countries
Authors: Noubissi Edmond , Njangang Henri 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the key role of agricultural development in the fight against hunger and the achievement of food security, little is known on the cross‐country effect of terrorism on agriculture. At the same time, there is some tentative evidence suggesting that conflicts reduce agricultural inputs and outputs such as land, production and income. This paper contributes to this emerging literature by investigating how terrorism affects agriculture on a panel of 48 African countries over the period 1998–2016. Six terrorism indicators are used, namely: domestic terrorism, transnational terrorism, unclear terrorism, total terrorism, number of attacks and number of deaths due to terrorism. Three agricultural indicators are used, namely: inputs (consisting of agricultural land and labour) and output (consisting of agricultural productivity growth). Using the generalized method of moments, the following findings are established. First, while transnational terrorism, unclear terrorism, the number of attacks and the number of deaths due to terrorism are positively associated with agricultural land, domestic and total terrorism reduce agricultural land. Second, all the terrorism indicators are negatively associated with agricultural productivity growth and agricultural labour in African countries. Globally, terrorism and terrorist threats are causing a decline in agricultural activity in Africa.
Increasing Heroin‐Methamphetamine (Goofball) Use and Related Morbidity Among Seattle Area People Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Glick Sara N. , Klein Kathryn S. , Tinsley Joe , Golden Matthew R. 
Published: December 2020

Background and ObjectivesMethamphetamine use is increasing in the United States, potentially including the simultaneous injection of methamphetamine with heroin (goofball). We compared demographic, behavioral, contextual, and health factors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Seattle area and who reported that their main drug was goofball, heroin, or methamphetamine.MethodsWe used data from 2017 and 2019 cross‐sectional surveys of clients at Public Health—Seattle & King County's syringe services program (N = 792).ResultsAmong PWID participants, 55.3% reported using goofball in the last 3 months, and the proportion reporting goofball as their main drug doubled between 2017 (10.3%) and 2019 (20.1%, P < .001). The goofball group had the highest proportions of people who were aged less than 30, women, homeless or unstably housed, and recently incarcerated. PWID whose main drug was goofball reported considerable health risks and morbidity. Witnessing an opioid overdose was most commonly reported by participants whose main drug was goofball. This group also reported naloxone possession and use in an overdose situation more than other participants. The majority of participants were interested in reducing or stopping their opioid and stimulant use.Discussion and ConclusionsAmong PWID, using goofball as a main drug doubled over 2 years and was characterized by contextual and individual factors that increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.Scientific SignificanceThis is the first study to characterize goofball use as a main drug. Clinical and public health efforts to diminish morbidity associated with opioid use need to integrate interventions that address the co‐use of methamphetamine. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00–00)
Chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants from 2007 to 2017—a population‐based study
Authors: Konzett Karin , Riedl David , Stark Carmen , Simma Burkhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe study compares neurodevelopmental outcome at 24 months corrected age of very preterm infants exposed to chorioamnionitis and controls. Peripartal parameters which may influence outcome are also investigated.MethodsIn this observational population‐based study, very preterm infants born between 2007 and 2017 were eligible (n = 466) and included if a histological placental examination and a complete neurodevelopmental assessment (Bayley Scale of Infant Development II or III) (n = 168) were performed. Secondary analyses were calculated to identify peripartal factors that significantly influence mental and psychomotor outcome.ResultsIncluded infants showed a mean MDI of 91.2 (SD = 20.7) and a mean PDI of 99.4 (SD = 14.8). Infants with (n = 71) and without (n = 97) chorioamnionitis did not statistically differ either with mean MDI (91.8 vs. 90.3 points; p = 0.29) or mean PDI (98.3 vs. 100.9 points; p = 0.81), even after controlling for gestational age, mean APGAR scores and administration of antenatal steroids. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was identified as the most influential factor for both MDI (p = .024) and PDI (p = .004).ConclusionWe could not find an effect of chorioamnionitis on neurodevelopmental outcome of very preterm infants over an eleven‐year period. Analysis shows that postnatal factors have higher impacts than does chorioamnionitis.