bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equivalency Of Protein Determination In Feed On Bran & Luebbe Traacs 800 Autoanalyzer With Aoac Semiautomated Method: Minicouaborative Study
Authors: Kane Peter F , Orcutt Anne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
new generation of autoanalyzers was collaboratively studled for equivalency with instrumentation described in the AOAC method for crude protein in animal feeds. Twenty predigested samples were analyzed by 4 collaborators using standards that were provided. Means were comparable; the overall average difference was 0.07% protein. Analysis of variance indicated no evidence for an instrument difference. The method describing use of the Traacs 800 autoanalyzer as an alternative system has been adopted official first action.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination Of Polydextrose In Food Matrixes
Authors: Noffsinger James B , Emery Martha , Hoch Daniel J , Dokladalova Jarmila 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed to determine the content of polydextrose, a water-soluble 1 calorie/g bulking agent, in food matrixes such as cookies, cakes, fruit spreads, and chocolate toppings. This analysis, which requires use of a blank matrix, provides a feasible means to control the manufacture of foods containing this additive and provides a component for the accurate determination of the caloric value of a particular food product. The method involves aqueous extraction of the polydextrose from the food matrix followed by separation on a carbohydrate analysis column. The LC system uses a mobile phase of 0.005M CaS04*2H2o and a refractive index detector for quantitation. Polydextrose recoveries from the food matrixes varied from 91.5 to 100.9% with assay precision, expressed as coefficient of variation, ranging from 0.7 to 4.3%. Each error estimate was derived from 5 parallel determinations. The present methodology is precise and selective in contrast to the modified classical phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method for assaying carbohydrates, which had been used for polydextrose determination in food matrixes in the past. Because the coefficient of variation frequently exceeded 10%, replicate analyses were necessary to achieve quantitation.
Use of Detergents in the Analysis of Fibrous Feeds. II. A Rapid Method for the Determination of Fiber and Lignin
Authors: Soest P J Van 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The capacity of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide to dissolve proteins in acid solution has been utilized in development of a method, called acid-detergent fiber method (ADF), which is not only a fiber determination in itself but also the major preparatory step in the determination of lignin. The entire procedure for determining fiber and lignin is considerably more rapid than presently published methods. Compositional studies show ADF to consist chiefly of lignin and polysaccharides. Correlations with the new fiber method and digestibility of 18 forages (r = —0.79) showed it to be somewhat superior to crude fiber (r = —0.73) in estimating nutritive value. The correlation of the new lignin method and digestibility was —0.90 when grass and legume species were separated.
Determination of Ellagitannins in Extracts of Oak Wood and in Distilled Beverages Matured in Oak Barrels
Authors: Puech Jean-Louis , Rabier Philippe , Bories-Azeau Jérôme , Sarni Farid , Moutounet Michel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method Is described for determination of ellagitannins In ethanol-water extracts of oak wood and In distilled alcoholic beverages matured In oak barrels. It Is based on the combined ellagic acid content according to ellagltannln structure. Hydrolysis was carried out In the presence of hydrochloric acid under reflux in a 100°C oil bath for 3 h. Total ellagic acid was thus determined by liquid chromatography (LC), and the free ellagic acid content present in the ethanolwater media was subtracted, the difference being the combined ellagic acid content corresponding to ellagitannins. A 5 μm C18 column was used with detection at 254 nm. The method Is specific for ellagitannins, which Is an advantage over other analytical techniques for overall evaluation of these substances extracted from wood. Results for spirits distilled from wine, grain, and sugarcane were highly variable.
Improved Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination of Daminozide by Alkaline Hydrolysis and 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde Derivatization and Survey Results of Daminozide in Agricultural Products
Authors: Steinbrecher Kurt , Saxton Wilbur L , Oehler George A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An improved method was developed for the quantitative determination of daminozide. This new method combines the alkaline hydrolysis and distillation steps of the PAMII method for daminozide with the derivatization, cleanup, and gas chromatographic determination steps of the Wright method for unsymmetrlcal dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH). The minimum detectable level Is 0.05 ppm. Recoveries range from 85 to 110% when daminozide Is added at 0.1 to 1.0 ppm, and are generally 40% at the 0.05 ppm level. A variety of domestic and imported products were analyzed by this Improved method and daminozide was detected In 33 of the 98 samples analyzed. Levels detected ranged from a trace amount to 0.80 ppm. The Identity of UDMH hydrazone was confirmed by mass spectrometry In many samples, thus confirming the presence of daminozide. Two samples containing daminozide were analyzed Independently by a second laboratory and the findings were closely duplicated.
Determination of Phenol in Honey by Liquid Chromatography with Amperometric Detection
Authors: Takeba Kazue , Matsumoto Masao , Shida Yasuo , Nakazawa Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sensitive, selective analytical method has been developed for determination of phenol In honey by liquid chromotography (LC) with amperometric detection (AMD). Phenol Is extracted with benzene from the distillate of honey. The benzene extract Is washed with 1% sodium bicarbonate solution and then reextracteed with 0.1N sodium hydroxide followed by cleanup on a C18 cartridge. Phenol Is determined by reverse-phase LC with amperometric detection. An Inertsil ODS column (150 X 4.6 mm, 5 μm) is used In the determination. The mobile phase Is a mixture (20 + 80 v/v) of acetonitrlle and 0.01M sodium dihydrogen phosphate containing 2mM ethylenediamlnetetraacetic acid, disodlum salt (EDTA) with the pH adjusted to 5.0. The flow rate is 1 mL/mln under ambient conditions. The applied potential of the AMD using a glassy carbon electrode Is 0.7 V vs an Ag/AgCI reference electrode. Average recoveries of phenol added to honey were 79.8% at 0.01 ppm spiking level, 90.4% at 0.1 ppm, and 91.0% at 1.0 ppm. Repeatabillties were 3.4, 1.3, and 1.8%, respectively. The detection limit of phenol In honey was 0.002 ppm. For analysis of 112 commercial honey samples, the range and average values of 32 detected samples were 0.05-5.88 ppm and 0.71 ppm, respectively.
Determination of Diclofenac Sodium and Related Compounds in Raw Materials and Formulations
Authors: Beaulieu Normand , Lovering Edward G , Lefrancois Johanne , Ong H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determination of drug and related compounds In diclofenac sodium raw material, slow-release, and enteric coated tablets. The method specifies a 5μm octadecylsllane bonded phase column, a mobile phase of tetrahydrofuran-acetonltrlle- buffer, pH 5 (1 + 4 + 8.3), and detection at 229 nm. The method resolves 10 known related compounds with limits of quantitation of 0.2% or less. Seventeen drug raw material samples were evaluated. Total Impurity levels ranged from 0.1 to 0.9%. The method has also been used for determination of drug content In raw materials and formulations. Mean assay levels In drug raw materials ranged between 98.3% and 101.8%.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Total Iodine in Foods
Authors: Mitsuhashi Takao , Kaneda Yoshio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic (GC) method has been developed for determination of total Iodine In foods, based on the reaction of Iodine with 3-pentanone. Organic matter of a sample is destroyed by an alkaline ashing technique. Iodide In a water extract of the ash residue is oxidized to free Iodine by adding dlchromate in the presence of sulfuric acid. Liberated Iodine Is reacted with 3-pentanone to form 2-lodo-3-pentanone, extracted Into n-hexane, and then determined by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector. Recoveries of Iodide from spiked food samples ranged from 91.4 to 99.6%. Detection limit for iodine Is 0.05 μg/g
Fast and Simple Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nonphosphorylated Thiamine in Infant Formula, Milk, and Other Foods
Authors: Nicolas Edgar C , Pfender Kathleen A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A very fast and simple method for determination of nonphosphorylated thiamine In Infant formula products, milk, and other nonfortlfled foods using reverse-phase ion-pairing liquid chromatography (LC) has been developed. Sample preparation consists of merely acid treatment to precipitate protein, followed by gravity filtration. No concentration, extraction, derlvatlzatlon, or preliminary column cleanup is necessary. The chromatography Is done on /tBondapack C18 with an aqueous mobile phase containing 0.15% sodium hexane sulfonate, 20% MeOH, 1.5% HOAc, and 0.1 % EDTA at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/mln. Ultraviolet detection at 248 nm Is used. A typical run takes 7 mln, and 60 samples can be processed In 4 h. Results average from 96 to 104% of theory for the Infant formula products analyzed. A 99 to 103% recovery of spike has been demonstrated. Method precision Is good (2 to 4% RSD, short-term, and 2 to 5% RSD, longterm, depending on sample type). Peak separation from thiamine phosphate esters Is achieved. Specificity Is demonstrated by UV spectral scan and absorbance ratios. Equivalency to a microbial method (validated against the official AOAC fluorometrlc method) was established. The method Is used for high-volume quality control testing of milk-based Infant formula products In the ready-to-use, concentrate, or powder form
In Vivo Rat Assay for True Protein Digestibility: Collaborative Study
Authors: Mcdonough Frank E , Steinke Fred H , Sarwar Ghulam , Eggum Bjorn O , Bressani Ricardo , Huth Peter J , Barbeau William E , Mitchell Geraldine V , Phillips John G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eight laboratories participated In a collaborative study to estimate precision of a standardized rat assay for determining true protein digestibility In selected animal, fish, and cereal products. Each of 7 test protein sources (casein, tuna fish, macaroni/cheese, pea protein concentrate, rolled oats, pinto beans, and nonfat dried milk) was fed as the sole source of protein at a 10% protein level in mixed diets. Each diet was fed to 2 replicate groups of 4 rats each for a 4-day acclimation period and a 5-day balance period. Mean digestibilities ranged from 98.6% for casein to 72.6% for pinto beans. Repeatability standard deviations ranged from 0.5 to 2.0%; the mean relative standard deviation for repeatability was 0.9% (range 0.5-2.8%). Reproducibility standard deviations ranged from 1.2 to 3.2%, and the mean relative standard deviation for reproducibility was 2.4% (range 1.3- 4.4%). The method has been approved interim official first action for determining true protein digestibility In foods and ingredients
Application of a Tri-Enzyme Extraction for Total Folate Determination in Foods
Authors: Martin James I , Landen William O , Soliman Abdel-Gawad M , Eitenmiller Ronald R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A tri-enzyme digestion procedure using chicken pancreas conjugase, a-amylase, and Pronase® was evaluated to determine Its usefulness In the microbiological quantitation of total folate In foods. Folate values obtained by traditional conjugase digestion were compared to those obtained by the tri-enzyme method for 12 food products that represent diverse matrixes. The tri-enzyme treatment Increased measurable folate from most foods when compared to levels found after conjugase digestion. Largest Increases were noted for tuna fish (51%) and yogurt (33%) after tri-enzyme digestion. For the 12 foods, a mean increase of 19% In measurable folate was obtained with tri-enzyme treatment. The study shows that traditional conjugase treatment does not completely free folate from complex food matrixes before microbiological analysis. Further, as other Investigations have suggested, current accepted methods for folate analysis may be underestimating folate levels In foods
Titrimetric Determination of Some Penicillins Using 2-Iodoxybenzoate
Authors: Belal, F , El-Brashy A , Ibrahim F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple semlmlcro titrimetric assay procedure Is described for determination of 6 semisynthetic penicillins, namely: ampiclllin, amoxicillin, benzylpenlclllin, epiclllln, hetaclllin, and phenoxymethylpenlcillln In addition to penicillamine. The method Involves the use of 2-lodoxybenzoate as a standard solution, whereby a known, excess volume Is added to the penicillins in acid medium and, after the specified time, the residual reagent is iodometrically determined. The molar ratio of the reaction Is assessed and a possible pathway for the mechanism of the reaction is suggested and confirmed through thin-layer chromatography (TLC) study of the reaction products. The proposed method is then applied to determination of the studied compounds In their dosage forms. Results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by official methods.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Domoic Acid in Mussels, Using AOAC Paralytic Shellfish Poison Extraction Procedure: Collaborative Study
Authors: Lawrence James F , Charbonneau Claudette F , Ménard Cathie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method using the AOAC paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) extraction procedure for domoic acid, a marine toxin, in mussel tissue was collaboratively studied in 10 laboratories. Domoic acid is extracted by boiling the homogenized tissue for 5 min with 0.1N HCI. The mixture is cooled, diluted to a known volume, and then centrifuged. An aliquot of the supernate Is diluted, filtered, and analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water adjusted to about pH 2.5. Each collaborator received a prepared standard solution, a practice sample, and 7 randomly numbered unknown samples (1 blank mussel tissue, 1 spiked at 14.1 µg domoic acid/ g, 1 spiked at 18.9 µg/g, and duplicate samples with naturally Incurred domoic acid at 75 µ/g and at 186 µ/g). Five of the laboratories had little or no experience In domoic acid analysis. Ten of 11 laboratories completed the study and submitted results. Two Individual values out of a total of 70 were found to be outliers. Mean recovery of domoic acid from the spiked extracts was 75%. Relative standard deviations between laboratories (RSDR) ranged from 7.5 to 19.4%; wlthln-laboratory RSDs (RSDr) for the 2 blind duplicate pairs were 1.9 and 4.8%. The detection limit was about 1 fig domoic acld/g. The method has been adopted official first action by AOAC.
Variance and Representativeness of the AOAC Sampling Procedure for Bagged Fertilizer
Authors: Terry David L , Nelson Larry , Stevens James , Caine Douglas , Johnson Frank , Huber Edward , Huber Edward 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present paper evaluates both the variances and representativeness of the AOAC sampling procedure for bagged fertilizer (929.01a, 15th Ed., 1990) for concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphoric acid, and soluble potash from 5% to 30% In blended, mixed fertilizers using materials In common use In 1983. The sampling variances determined did not differ significantly from sampling variances determined in earlier studies that are currently used by the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials (AAPFCO). The representativeness of the AOAC sampling procedure for bagged fertilizer was evaluated by testing the differences between AOAC bag sample means and rotary divider sample means (riffled down bags) of the blends (a) using AAPFCO investigational allowances (lAs) and (b) using t-tests. When AAPFCO lAs were used, there were only 2 bag means significantly below the rotary divider means. When t-tests were used, the bag means tested significantly lower than the rotary means for the 5, 10, 15, and 20% N blends and the 15% P205 blend. The bag means for the 5,10, and 30% P205 blends were significantly above the rotary means. There were no significant differences between bag and rotary means for K2O In any blends. Because Mests are more sensitive than AAPFCO lAs, smaller differences are judged to be significant. Based on AAPFCO lAs, the AOAC sampling procedure for bagged fertilizer probably satisfactorily represents what is In the bag. However, significantly lower N and higher P205 bag means based on Mests are cause for concern and should spur activity In determining the nature of this phenomenon, interlaboratory variances were also determined and evaluated. These tended to verify those In current use by AAPFCO. The representativeness of the AOAC stream sampling procedure (929.01b) was also evaluated and found to be an acceptable method for determining the true analysis of a blend.
Multiresidue Screen for Organophosphorus Insecticides Using Gel Permeation Chromatography—Silica Gel Cleanup
Authors: Holstege Dirk M , Scharberg David L , Richardson Elizabeth R , Möller Gregory 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A multiresidue screen for quantitative determination of 43 organophosphorus insecticides In 5 g of plant and animal tissues Is described. The organophosphorus insecticides are extracted with methanol-dichloromethane (10 + 90, v/v) and cleaned up using automated gel permeation chromatography with hexane-ethyl acetate (60 + 40) eluant and in-line silica gel minicolumns. Concentrated extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. The method recovers 43 organophosphorus insecticides in the range of 72 to 115%. Analysis of fortified bovine liver (n = 5) shows an average 95.9 ± 4.8% recovery at the 0.05 μg/g level and 93 ± 3.8% at the 0.5 μg/g level. Analysis of fortified bovine rumen content (n = 5) shows an average 98 ± 4.2% recovery at the 0.1 μg/g level and 98.7 ± 2.8% at the 1 μg/g level. Method detection limits ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 μg/g for the compounds studied using a nominal 5 gram sample.
Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion(MSPD) Extraction and Gas Chromatographic Screening of Nine Chlorinated Pesticides in Beef Fat
Authors: Long Austin R , Soliman Maher M , Barker Steven A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A multiresldue technique Is presented for the extraction and quantitative gas chromatographic screening of 9 insecticides (lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, p.p'-DDE, dleldrln, endrin, p,p'-TDE, and p.p'-DDT) as residues In beef fat. Beef fat was fortified by adding the 9 Insecticides, plus dlbutyl chlorendate as Internal standard, to 0.5 g portions of beef fat and blending with 2 g C18 (octadecylsllyl)-derivatlzed silica. The C18/fat matrix blend was fashioned into a column by adding the blend to a 10 mL syringe barrel containing 2 g activated Florisll. The insecticides were then eluted from the column with 8 mL acetonitrile, and a 2μL portion of the acetonitrile eluate was then directly analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Unfortified blank controls were treated similarly. The acetonitrile eluate contained all of the pesticide analytes (31.25-500 ng/g) and was free of interfering co-extractants. Correlation coefficients for the 9 extracted pesticide standard curves (linear regression analysis, n = 5) ranged from 0.9969 (±0.0021) to 0.9999 (±0.0001). Average relative percentage recoveries (85 ± 3.4% to 102 ± 5.0%, n = 25 for each insecticide), inter-assay variability (6.0 ± 1.0% to 14.0 ± 6.7%, n = 25 for each insecticide), and intra-assay variability (2.5-5.1%, n = 5 for each insecticide) indicated that the methodology is acceptable for the extraction, determination, and screening of these residues in beef fat.
Enzyme Immunoassay for Hen Egg White Lysozyme Used as a Food Additive
Authors: Yoshida Ayako , Takagaki Yutaka , Nishimune Takahiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An Indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay for hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) used as a food additive was investigated. Anti-HEL antibodies were obtained from B10A mouse ascites immunized by Intraperitoneal Injection of HEL. HEL samples to be assayed were extracted from foods with 1 % gelatin in borate buffer. Goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L)-peroxidase complex was used as a second antibody, and 3,3',5,5'- tetramethylbenzidine was used as a substrate for the peroxidase. The working range for quantitative analysis was 1-50 ng/mL, because in this range the binding inhibition curve of anti-HEL antibodies to HEL-coated plates by HEL was linear. Even after losing the lysozyme activity by heat treatment, HEL could be detected by indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay. Recoveries of HEL by this assay were &gt;85 % for Japanese noodles and Japanese traditional-style confectioneries, 53—95% for Miso and cooked beans, and 30—85% for fried fish pastes. HEL contents of 55 commercial foods were determined; HEL was detected in 19 samples in the range 25-20 000 ng/g. HEL as a food additive was detected more frequently In plant-derived foods than in foods of animal origin.
Multielement Concentrations in Liver and Kidney Tissues from Five Species of Canadian Slaughter Animals
Authors: Salisbury Craig D C , Chan Wayne , Saschenbrecker Peter W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present paper describes results of a national survey conducted between 1982 and 1989 to determine residues of arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead, selenium, and zinc in Canadian slaughter animals. Liver and kidney tissues from cattle, swine, poultry, horses, calves, and sheep were tested. Arsenic was found in most avian and porcine samples, and their respective means of 0.36 and 0.26 μg/g in liver were 7 to 12 times higher than mean concentrations found in the other species. Cadmium was found in the tissues of all species; however, levels were consistently highest in equine samples with mean values of 3.09 and 27.7 μg/g in liver and kidney, respectively. Copper levels &gt;150 μg/g were found predominantly in liver from calves and sheep, with values considerably lower in the remaining species. Mercury levels were low or not detected in all species except horses. Ninety % of equine kidneys and 54% of equine livers had mercury concentrations &gt;0.01 μg/g, with mean values of 0.18 and 0.06 μg/g, respectively. Lead was found in tissues of all species; however, values &gt;2 μg/g were found only in 2 kidneys from adult cattle and 1 kidney from a horse. Selenium, tested only in cattle, was found at mean concentrations of 0.28 μg/g in liver, and 0.92 μg/g in kidney. Relatively high zinc levels were found in livers of horses, pigs, and calves, with respective mean concentrations of 67.3, 65.6, and 70.2 μg/g.
Liquid Chromatography of Pesticide Formulations Containing Dicamba, 2,4-D, and MCPP
Authors: Larson Richard D , Houglum Joel E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present paper describes a reverse phase liquid chromatographic method for assay of samples that combine dicamba, 2,4-D, and MCPP In herbicide formulations. Samples are diluted with isopropanol-water (2 + 1) and chromatographed on a C-18 column with a gradient mobile phase of increasing acetonitrlle concentration with 2% acetic acid solution as the aqueous phase. After an initial hold time of 5 min, the gradient is increased from 25 to 40% acetonitrlle over 10 min. With a flow rate of 1.5 mL/mln, dicamba, 2,4-D, and MCPP elute at 6, 13, and 16.5 min, respectively. The wlthin-day coefficient of variation was 0.1 to 3.2%; between-day variation was 0.6 to 5.5%. The method separates the 3 herbicides from major potential impurities. This method differs from the AOAC official method in that it uses 2% acetic acid in the mobile phase, a gradient flow, no Internal standard, and a data handling system to quantitate the 3 herbicides from the same injection.