bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Management of Infectious Diarrhea
Authors: Siciliano Valentina , Nista Enrico Celestino , Rosà Tommaso , Brigida Mattia , Franceschi Francesco 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Infectious diarrhea is the most common cause of diarrhea worldwide and
is responsible for more deaths than other gastrointestinal tract diseases such as gastrointestinal cancers,
peptic ulcer disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Diarrheal disease still represents the 8th
leading cause of death worldwide, with more than 1,6 million attributed fatalities in 2016 alone.
The majority of cases can be divided into three principal clinical presentations: acute watery diarrhea
lasting 5-10 days and normally self-limiting, bloody diarrhea (dysentery), and persistent diarrhea
with or without intestinal malabsorption.

Methods:
We performed an electronic search on PUBMED of the scientific literature concerning
infectious diarrhea and its clinical management.

Aim:
In this review article, we analyze the most important causes of infectious diarrhea and their
constellation of signs and symptoms, providing an update on the diagnostic tools available in today’s
practice and on the different treatment options.

Conclusions:
Even though the majority of intestinal infections are self-limiting in immunocompetent
individuals, specific diagnosis and identification of the causative agent remain crucial from
public health and epidemiological perspectives. Specific diagnostic investigation can be reserved
for patients with severe dehydration, more severe illness, persistent fever, bloody stools, immunosuppression,
and for cases of suspected nosocomial infection or outbreak and it includes complete
blood count, creatinine and electrolytes evaluation, determination of leukocytes and lactoferrin
presence in the stools, stool culture, together with C. difficile testing, PCR, ova and parasites'
search, endoscopy and abdominal imaging. Since acute diarrhea is most often self-limited and
caused by viruses, routine antibiotic use is not recommended for most adults with mild, watery diarrhea.
However, when used appropriately, antibiotics are effective against shigellosis, campylobacteriosis,
C. difficile colitis, traveler’s diarrhea, and protozoal infections. Furthermore, antibiotics use
should be considered in patients who are older than 65 years, immunocompromised, severely ill, or
septic.
Antibiotic Adjuvants to Rescue Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Tetracycline Antibiotics Resistance
Authors: Troudi Azza , Douafer Hana , Bolla Jean-Michel , Klibi Naouel , Brunel Jean M. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
An attractive antibiotic-adjuvant strategy consisting of the design and
synthesis of polyaminoisoprenyl molecules able to restore the antibiotic activity of tetracycline antibiotics
against resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains has been developed.

Methods:
These chemo-sensitizers are readily prepared from geraniol and farnesol in an efficient
two steps synthesis with good to moderate yields varying from 38 to 64% and leading to a significant
decrease in antibiotic resistance.

Results:
Thus, the influence of the nature of the tetracycline antibiotic used as well as the structure
of the polyaminoisoprenyl derivatives involved in the outcome of the antibiotic-adjuvant combination
against P. aeruginosa resistance to tetracyclines were investigated.

Conclusion:
Additionally, our data suggested that their mechanism of action is closely associated
with the increase of the outer-membrane permeability.
Evaluation of Anti-amoebic Activity of Spring Leaf Extract of Artemisia Aucheri on Acanthamoeba (T4 strain) In vitro
Authors: KarimiPourSaryazdi Amir , KarimiPourSaryazdi Yeganeh , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Ahmadi Maryam , Zaki Leila 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Acanthamoeba belongs to the free-living amoebae genus that causes a
widespread infection with different severities in humans and animals. Treatment of these opportunistic
protozoan infections is still not safe or effective. The aim of the present study was to evaluate
the effect of spring extract of Artemisia aucheri on Acanthamoeba in vitro.

Method:
Trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba were cultured on non-nutrient agar plates containing
bacteria Escherichia coli. Macrophage cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium.

:
Different concentrations of spring extracts of A. aucheri were added to cultivated parasites and
macrophages and additionally calculated to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for
parasites and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) for macrophages. Then, the viability of parasites
were evaluated using counting assay. MTT assay was carried out on macrophage cells based
on growth inhibition. Furthermore, in order to determine the possible induction of apoptosis in
cysts of Acanthamoeba, flow cytometry method was employed using annexin staining.

Results:
The effect of A. aucheri on trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba was effective and
had a reverse relationship with its concentration. The IC50 value of spring extract on trophozoites
and cysts of the parasite was estimated to be 200 and 333 μg/ml at 24 h, respectively. According to
the results of flow cytometry, the spring A. aucheri extract caused about 20% apoptosis.

Conclusion:
Regarding the above results, it can be concluded that spring A. aucheri extract was
effective against trophozoite and cyst forms of Acanthamoeba in vitro. Therefore, this plant could
be an appropriate herbal drug candidate for the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections.
Los determinantes de las variaciones en el rendimiento del oro entre 1995 y 2017
Authors: Díaz Hernández Adán , Ramírez Sánchez José Carlos , Salazar Flores Yuri 
Published: June 2020

<p>En este trabajo se caracteriza el comportamiento de los rendimientos logarítmicos del oro entre 1995 y 2017 con base en varios modelos de media y varianza condicionales, que incorporan efectos de asimetría y colas pesadas. Para tal efecto, se lleva a cabo, primero, un análisis basado en vectores autorregresivos con el fin de identificar los principales regresores externos y, luego, una serie de ajustes con distintas especificaciones del tipo AR-GARCH para pronosticar la volatilidad de las fluctuaciones del oro con base en dichos regresores. La conclusión principal es que esas fluctuaciones pueden ser adecuadamente explicadas por el comportamiento de las series de USDEER y SP500 de acuerdo con la especificacion AR(1)-GARCH(1,1) que tiene asociada una distribución t de Student. Esto quiere decir que los determinantes de largo plazo de las variaciones del rendimiento del oro estan relacionados con las estrategias cambiarias y de proteccion contra el ciclo del mercado de valores por parte de los inversionistas.</p>
Modelo de Gerencia sustentable para fortalecer la competitividad en las empresas del retail “Supermercados” de la Región de Coquimbo, Chile.
Authors: Cabana Villca Segundo Ricardo 
Published: June 2020

<p>En 2014 las empresas del retail en Chile tuvieron ventas equivalentes a US$ 76 000 millones, no obstante, los supermercados solo aportan cerca de un 20% del total de estas ventas. Además, en la región de Coquimbo el índice de ventas de supermercados es uno de los 4 más bajos a nivel país. Es por ello, que se desarrolla el modelo de gerencia sustentable, ya que en contextos tan cambiantes aumentar la competitividad es urgente y estratégico. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis de los factores que afectan la gerencia sustentable, estos son: factores organizacionales, factores del entorno, compromiso organizacional con la sustentabilidad, liderazgo transaccional y liderazgo transformacional. A su vez, la gerencia sustentable influirá sobre la competitividad, proponiendo de esta forma un modelo con 8 hipótesis. Se toma como población objetivo una fuerza laboral representada por una muestra de 361 trabajadores. Para el contraste del modelo propuesto se emplea el método de ecuaciones estructurales, a través de los Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (PLS). Se determinó que los constructos anteriormente señalados explican en un 81,6% la varianza de la gerencia sustentable, y ésta, a su vez, explica en un 68,4% la varianza de la competitividad, aceptando el total de las hipótesis realizadas.</p>
Prostate cancer: morbidity and mortality trends in Kemerovo Region
Authors: Smirnov, A. V. , Magarill Yu. A. , Shternis T. A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To study current trends in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Kemerovo Region.Materials and Methods. We conducted a descriptive retrospective study by investigating cancer registry of Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary collected in 2010-2018.Results. During the study period, 4965 cases of prostate cancer have been documented. The average standardised incidence rate was 50,080/0000 (95% CI = 46.01; 54.43). We detected a trend towards an increase in standardized incidence from 32.410/0000 in 2010 (95% CI = 28.76; 36.05) to 73.000/0000 in 2018 (95% CI = 67.86 – 78.15) with the average annual increment of 10.22% (р < 0.0001). A significant proportion of cases (48.17% in 2018) occurred in elderly (≥ 70 years). Standardized mortality rates increased from 9.240/0000 in 2010 (95% CI = 7.29; 11.19) to 28,830/0000 in 2018 (95% CI = 25.51; 32.15), average annual increment 13.99% (р = 0.002). Component analysis showed that an incidence increase by 155.81% is primarily associated with existing risk factors (128.19%) rather than with population aging (16.71%) or their combined effect (10.91%).Conclusion. Currently, there is a clear trend to increasing incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in Kemerovo Region, mainly due to existing risk factors.
Аpplication of xenogeneic native bone collagen for bone repair in critical-sized rat calvarial defect model
Authors: Veremeev A. V. , Bolgarin R. N. , Nesterenko V. G. , Andreev-Andrievskiy A. A. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of bone repair using xenogeneic native bone collagen (Bongraf COLLAGEN) as compared to other widely applied orthopaedic solutions (xenogeneic native bone mineral Geistlich Bio-Oss® and bone autograft).Materials and Methods. We employed a conventional critical-sized (8 mm) rat calvarial defect model (48 Wistar or Sprague-Dawley rats). The artificial defect was repaired using Bongraf COLLAGEN, Geistlich Bio-Oss® utilised as a comparator, bone calvarial autograft, or remained unfilled (n = 6 per group). Rats were euthanised 4 or 12 weeks postimplantation (n = 3 per time point) with the subsequent examination (repair extent, volume, thickness and mineral density of the repaired tissue) by means of microcomputed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results. Expectedly, highest volume, thickness and mineral density of the repaired tissue have been observed in defects filled with autografts. Bongraf COLLAGEN and Geistlich Bio-Oss® also demonstrated a comparable and significant repair capability, yet the former option demonstrated higher bone regeneration rate.Conclusion. Xenogeneic native bone collagen (Bongraf COLLAGEN) is comparable with xenogeneic native bone mineral (Geistlich Bio-Oss®).
PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS DAN KEGIATAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP PERSEPSI TINGKAT KEAMANAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Abdullah Zaki , Jubba Hasse 
Published: June 2020

Both religiosity and spiritual activities could improve security perceptions by reducing crime rates in Indonesia. However, this did not apply to minorities because of the possibility of religious discrimination. This study intended to determine the influence of religiosity and spiritual activities on the security perceptions of religious adherents in Indonesia, namely Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism and Buddhism using secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey of 32,466 individuals. The finding revealed that religiosity had a positive and significant effect on the sense of security of all adherents except Buddhist followers. Meanwhile, spiritual activities had a positive effect on security of adherents of Islam and Hinduism. In contrast, it negatively influenced Protestant, Catholic and Buddhist followers, since terrorism and discrimination against the worship places were frequently occured. Therefore, it was concluded that religiosity had a positive effect on security of the followers of the majority religions; however, it negatively affected to the followers of minority religion. It meant that being the followers of religion majority was still dangerous for the followers of religion minority. This evidenced that there were still lack of religious tolerance in Indonesia.
MAKNA HIJRAH BAGI KALANGAN REMAJA NON SANTRI: DAMPAK PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Syahrin Alif Alfi , Mustika Bunga 
Published: June 2020

Various kinds of religious contents were widely circulated in social media with various kinds of covers to attract users, especially the millennial generation as active users of social media. Especially for non-santri teenagers who had a high curiosity in religious insight. The method used was a qualitative research with descriptive research. Data collection techniques used were non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The informants in this study were Muslim teenagers who were still studying. The findings indicated that their favorite social media were Instagram, What’s up, and YouTube. The impact of utilizing social media was to add religious insight to Muslim adolescents who were obtained the materials before and the obstacles faced by adolescents when deciding to ‘hijrah ‘; that was, there were acts of bullying and were considered to only follow trends. The conclusion was the use of social media among non-santri teenagers is one way to answer curiosity about religious insight. Therefore, they realized new understanding in the form of ‘hijrah’. This condition was increasingly supported by the widespread of contents in social media and the presence of routine religious teachings in various mosques considered to represent the meaning of ‘hijrah’.
Environmental Aspects of Successful English Language Teaching Practices in Rural Sabah Low Enrolment Schools
Authors: Ag-Ahmad Norazrina , Peter Lidadun Bernadette 
Published: June 2020

This study explores the environmental aspects or concepts underlying successful English Language Teaching (ELT) as well as the support needed and the challenges that are faced by a group of primary school teachers in the context of a low enrolment school in a rural area in Sabah, Malaysia. This study adopted an exploratory qualitative approach which involved seven English language teachers who have had more than five years of teaching experience. A set of semi-structured interview questions were formulated to elicit data on the concepts and the conditions that could either help or hinder the incorporation of those concepts in ELT. Qualitative analysis of participants’ interview data indicated that exposure to the target language, motivation and goals were the environmental aspects of language teaching practices that affect students’ success in second language acquisition. Support from parents, teachers and school authorities were essential in assimilating these aspects in the teaching practices. It was found that the participants expressed tension between what they believed to be good practices and what they were restricted to do due to contextual barriers. Among the main barriers identified in this study were changes in education policy, insufficient financial support and infrastructure as well as lack of monitoring of the execution of activities in schools. Findings in this study have important implications to policy makers and curriculum developers.
Assessment of veterinarians’ engagement with backyard poultry and small-scale livestock operations in four western states
Authors: Pires Alda F. A. , Peterson Amos , Baron Jerome N. , Adams Ragan , Moore Dale A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To assess veterinarian engagement with owners of poultry and livestock in urban and peri-urban areas (UPAs) of 4 western states, to evaluate the knowledge and experience of veterinarians in UPAs for treating domestic poultry and livestock, and to identify barriers to the provision of veterinary services to backyard poultry and small-scale livestock operations.

SAMPLE
880 veterinarians in UPAs.

PROCEDURES
2,400 members of the veterinary medical associations of California, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington who worked in metropolitan areas with a population > 5,000 people were randomly selected and invited to participate in a needs assessment survey. Response data were analyzed with univariable logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis.

RESULTS
880 (37%) invitees completed or partially completed the survey. Most respondents self-reported working in UPAs (686/825 [83%]) and companion animal only (n = 551) or predominant (211) practices. Although most (656/863 [76%]) respondents perceived an increase in backyard poultry and livestock in their practice areas, few were actively treating such animals primarily because of a lack of facilities, interest, or experience. Most respondents believed veterinarians have an important role in ensuring public health and preventing zoonotic disease.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Backyard poultry and livestock are increasing in popularity in UPAs of 4 western states, and veterinarians are needed to provide services to such animals. Further research and continuing education are necessary to encourage practitioners in UPAs to engage with owners of backyard poultry and livestock to ensure the health and welfare of those animals and guard public health. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020;257:196-209)
CO-PRODUCTION: STUDI TENTANG POLA-POLA PENYEDIAAN RUANG PUBLIK TERPADU RAMAH ANAK DI JAKARTA
Authors: Ling Loa Mei , Fahmi Erwin 
Published: June 2020

Public space has an important role for the development of city residents. Humans need a place to gather and interact with others. In DKI Jakarta, the reduced width and quality of public spaces, especially green open spaces, presents its own difficulties in creating adequate public space for various age groups and social classes of society. One step to get around this difficulty is to revitalize the function of the park into an interactive community park with a variety of functions called the Child Friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA). This program has been running for 4 years. To evaluate this policy, the thesis that forms the basis of this paper evaluates the provision of RPTRA in two regions, namely the Alfa Dahlia RPTRA and the Nias Nias III RPTRA, using the concept of co-production. With this concept, the RPTRA's 'production' process will be understood, the benefits and prospects for its sustainability after the role of regional governments is increasingly limited. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data is mainly collected and analyzed through field observations, interviews, and observations of artifacts, as well as secondary data studies. The research findings show that, despite having different degrees of co-production, the two RPTRA have the prospect of surviving and developing in the future. AbstrakRuang publik memiliki peran penting bagi perkembangan warga kota. Manusia memerlukan tempat berkumpul dan berinteraksi dengan sesama. Di DKI Jakarta, berkurangnya luas dan kualitas ruang publik, khususnya ruang terbuka hijau, memberikan kesulitan tersendiri untuk mewujudkan ruang publik yang memadai bagi berbagai kelompok umur dan kelas sosial masyarakat. Salah satu langkah untuk menyiasati kesulitan ini adalah dengan merevitalisasi fungsi taman menjadi taman komunitas interaktif ragam fungsi yang disebut dengan Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA). Program ini telah berjalan 4 tahun. Untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan ini, tesis yang menjadi dasar makalah ini mengevaluasi penyediaan RPTRA di dua kawasan, yakni RPTRA Alur Dahlia dan RPTRA Kelapa Nias III, menggunakan konsep co-production. Dengan konsep tersebut, hendak dipahami bagaimana proses ‘produksi’ RPTRA tersebut, kemanfaatan dan prospek keberlanjutannya setelah peran pemerintah daerah semakin terbatas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data terutama dikumpulkan dan dianalisis melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan pengamatan artefak, serta kajian data sekunder. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, meskipun memiliki derajat ko-produksi yang berbeda, kedua RPTRA memiliki prospek untuk tetap hidup dan berkembang di masa mendatang.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG PERAWATAN PAYUDARA TERHADAP SIKAP PERAWATAN PAYUDARA SAAT KEHAMILAN DI PUSKESMAS XIII KOTO KAMPAR TAHUN 2018
Authors: Elvina Elvina 
Published: June 2020

The breast is a female reproductive organ and during lactation will secrete milk. Breast care during pregnancy is an important part that must be considered in preparation for breastfeeding. But the majority of pregnant women do not do breast care because of lack of knowledge in breast care itself. This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge of pregnant women about breast care to the attitude of breast care during pregnancy at Puskesmas XIII Koto Kampar. Descriptive quantitative research design. The population in this study were all pregnant women who came to XIII Koto Kampar totaling 98 people. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling. Tthe sample in this study were 21 respondents. The results of the study of 21 respondents, knowledge of pregnant women about breast care with good criteria as many as 15 people 71.4%, while the attitude of breast care with good criteria as many as 12 people 57.1%. From the results of the analysis using chi-square found that there is a significant relationship between the knowledge of pregnant women about breast care with breast care attitudes during pregnancy with the results of the chi-square test obtained value ρ <0.05 is 0.003. Suggestions from this study are expected for health workers to be able to provide information early and teach pregnant women about implementing breast care during pregnancy. Keywords: attitude; breast; knowledge ABSTRAK Payudara adalah organ reproduksi wanita dan pada masa laktasi akan mengeluarkan air susu. Perawatan payudara selama kehamilan merupakan bagian penting yang harus diperhatikan sebagai persiapan dalam pemberian air susu ibu. Tetapi sebagian besar ibu hamil tidak melakukan perawatan payudara karena kurangnya pengetahuan dalam perawatan payudara itu sendiri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang perawatan payudara terhadap sikap perawatan payudara saat kehamilan di Puskesmas XIII Koto Kampar. Desain penelitian Deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang datang ke XIII Koto Kampar berjumlah 98 orang.Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan Purposive sampling. Dimana sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 21 responden. Hasil penelitian dari 21 responden, pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang perawatan payudara dengan kriteria baik sebanyak 15 orang 71,4%, sedangkan sikap perawatan payudara dengan kriteria baik sebanyak 12 orang 57,1%. Dari hasil analisis dengan menggunakan chi-square didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang perawatan payudara terhadap sikap perawatan payudara saat kehamilan dengan hasil uji chi-square diperoleh nilai ρ< 0,05 yaitu 0,003. Saran dari penelitian ini diharapkan bagi petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan informasi lebih dini dan mengajarkan pada ibu hamil tentang pelaksanaan perawatan payudara selama masa kehamilan.