bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Integrating Molecular Recognition Nanosensors with Bioprocesses for Real-Time, Non-Destructive, and Multivariate Process Analytics
Authors: Cho Sooyeon 
Published: December 2024

As biological and chemical production processes become more sophisticated and evolve in various forms, there is a critical need for the development of new biochemical analysis systems capable of qualifying the versatile synthesis variables and product quality at each site. Despite traditional instrumental analyses including spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, or chromatography, being utilized as the gold standard providing precision, they are not suitable for smart process analytical technology (PAT) for future chemical and biological manufacturing, which should enable real-time, non-destructive, and on-site multivariate process monitoring without complicated sample preparations. Many optoelectronic sensors based on nanotechnology have been showing potential for this with very high sensitivity and selectivity, yet they have not been integrated into actual PAT systems due to abscence of a form factor design, sensor materials integration, and data processing techniques.
In this talk, we will introduce our recent approach on a label-free and multivariate real-time sensor system based on a unique molecular recognition array for smart biological process monitoring. We designed a wide library of 3D corona interfaces of near-Infrared (nIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transducers for the multivariate biochemical molecules as process quality attributes. We integrated this nIR fluorescent sensor array with a new mobile form factor based on microfluidics and fiber optics, and developed a remote nano-biophotonic signal transducing technique. With this, we can analyze biological production samples online, allowing for the simultaneous extraction of rich molecular data in real-time wihtout any sample preparation and labeling steps. We will introduce two representative molecular recognition based PAT systems: i) physicochemical heterogeneity analysis of therapeutic cells production for reliable treatment efficacy, and ii) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell based bioreactor for a high-performance antibody production.
Facile Fabrication of Silicon Anodes Enhanced by Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Towards Affordable and High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Gwanghyun , Kim Ju Yeon , Kim Dea Woo , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: December 2024

While the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is inevitable, the growth of the market hasn't matched predictions. Despite technological advancements improving EV competitiveness against fossil fuels, affordability remains a hurdle. Lowering the cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) below that of fossil fuels is crucial for furthering vehicle electrification. Achieving this entails optimizing and simplifying the manufacturing process, given the complexity and energy intensity of LIB fabrication, which results in high costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
Recent LIB research has primarily focused on enhancing electrochemical performance, often involving complex procedures and costly materials. Silicon (Si) anodes, in particular, face challenges due to structural instability during Li alloying, requiring nanostructured particles, calcination processes, and expensive materials to improve performance. Despite Si's high theoretical capacity (~4000mAh g-1), these challenges have hindered its commercialization in LIBs. However, there's now a renewed effort among LIB manufacturers to develop high-energy-density batteries with Si anodes, prompting researchers to seek breakthrough methods to overcome Si anode weaknesses and high costs.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique conductive properties due to their stable one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure, making them excellent for battery electrodes. While previously expensive and limited to laboratory use, advancements in technology and market growth have led to the construction of scale-up factories, reducing CNT prices. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are particularly now affordable compared to conventional carbon black conductive materials.
Based on with this trend, we applied MWNTs to Si anodes using a simple fabrication method. Oxidized MWNTs were dispersed into an aqueous slurry without additional surfactants, enhancing electrode electrochemical behavior. MWNTs with surface oxygen groups self-arranged into interconnected network structures, forming a uniform coating on Si particles. These functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) only require a straightforward synthesis method and conventional slurry mixing process, making them ideal for large-scale production. With these advantages, FCNTs enabled superior full-cell performance with NCM cathodes.
A Breakthrough in the Efficiency and Capacity of the Dye-Sensitized Photo-Rechargeable Batteries (DSPBs) By Facilitating Redox-Driven Spontaneous Electron Transfer
Authors: Lee Myeong-Hee , Song Hyun-Kon 
Published: December 2024

Faradaic redox reactions facilitating electron transfer between substances have been employed in energy devices to achieve high energy density. Many active materials capable of undergoing redox reactions can achieve higher energy density per unit volume or weight when directly immobilized onto solid substrates. However, systems such as redox flow batteries (RFBs) or dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) utilize species with electrochemical activity dissolved in the electrolyte, which can limit the overall capacity of the device due to the solubility of active materials in the electrolyte. Similarly, dye-sensitized photo-rechargeable battery (DSPB) systems, which utilize dye-sensitized solar cell as a generator capable of producing electricity using light and storing it in the same device, also face the same challenge.
DSPB is a new hybrid energy system that matches the redox potentials of the mediator within the electrolyte of DSSC and storage material, enabling high energy conversion efficiency. This system not only harnesses solar energy but also enables electricity generation using indoor lighting and energy storage, allowing for the free use of stored energy. Moreover, the energy conversion efficiency using indoor lighting exceeds 13 %, showing great potential for energy recycling. In this study, we induced a potential difference between liquid and solid redox active materials, both initially possessing the same redox potential, arising from their redox reactions, facilitating the spontaneous transfer of electrons between them. This additional movement of electrons not only addressed the solubility issues of the mediator within the electrolyte, thereby increasing the device's capacity, but also improved storage efficiency during photo-charging, ultimately enhancing the overall energy efficiency. In particular, we were able to significantly improve the efficiency under solar irradiation, which typically exhibits much lower energy conversion efficiency compared to indoor lighting and is largely influenced by the kinetics of the redox mediators.
Through this strategy, the total capacity of DSPB increased by 143 % per unit volume, with an energy conversion efficiency improvement of 140 % compared to the control group under 1 SUN solar conditions, making it more efficient than any previously reported systems when utilizing DSSC as a power generation system for energy storage.
Robust 3D Lithium Cell Architecture - Inherently Boosted Safety
Authors: Prochazka Jan 
Published: December 2024

The HE3DA concept of up to several millimeters thick electrodes (3D) gives lithium battery incomparable safety and brings a number of new technical attributes, which are not achievable by the existing thin film technology (2D).
3D architecture allows construction of very large cells and provides inherent safety required for large energy storage. Ceramic composite separator, together with the advanced 3D electrode design give the cell robust and stable performance, extend the temperature range, eliminate common ageing mechanisms such as active layer delamination, plastic separator shrinkage on overheating, gas bubbles or step increase of internal resistance during cycling.
Performance of 1KWh 3D cells at different load and conditions will be demonstrated.

Figure 1
(Invited) Study on the Effect of Additive in High Nickel NMC – Graphite Libs for HF- Scavenging and Stabilization of Cei Layer
Authors: Gattu Bharat , Zamani Somayeh , Atienza Dianne 
Published: December 2024

Lithium ion batteries have been marked by steady progress over the past few decades owing to their high volumetric and gravimetric energy storage densities. The advent of LIBs resulted in the consistent shift of automotive industry towards hybrid EV's and BEV's. The Nissan Leaf, introduced in December 2010, became the first modern all-electric, zero tailpipe emission five door family hatchback to be produced for the mass market from a major manufacturer. Nissan has made constant efforts in improving the existing LIBs.
With the advent of new high nickel cathode materials there has been an improvement in the energy density of LIBs and the ability to internalize the material supply chain. However, these cathode materials induce additional challenges due to instability of cathode electrolyte interface and dissolution of transition metals in the systems.[1-4]
In the current work, electrolyte additive has been explored for stabilizing the cathode surface by stabilizing the cathode electrolyte interface in NMC811 and Graphite system in carbonate electrolyte system. The cycling data was analyzed with different capacity vs voltage and/current to identify the effect of additive and cycling degradation on the reaction kinetics and potentials. A methodology involving Distribution of Relaxation time (DRT) analysis, equivalent circuit design and electrochemical impedance fitting was developed to identify the different electrochemical components of the cell and their contribution towards the increase in internal resistance. The analysis was conducted during formation cycles and at different checkpoints for long cycling scenarios. The contribution of cathode and anode resistances were deconvoluted for the mixed impedance signal. Furthermore, XPS and TEM analysis were used to verify different features of the cathode and anode wherever applicable and feasible, to study the effect of the additive.

Cui, Z., & Manthiram, A. (2023). Thermal Stability and Outgassing Behaviors of High‐nickel Cathodes in Lithium‐ion Batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 62(43), e202307243.

Yu Wu, Xiang Liu, Li Wang, Xuning Feng, Dongsheng Ren, Yan Li, Xinyu Rui, Yan Wang, Xuebing Han, Gui-Liang Xu, Hewu Wang, Languang Lu, Xiangming He, Khalil Amine, Minggao Ouyang, Development of cathode-electrolyte-interphase for safer lithium batteries, Energy Storage Materials, Volume 37, 2021, Pages 77-86, ISSN 2405-8297.

Hou, J., Lu, L., Wang, L. et al. Thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries employing LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes. Nat Commun 11, 5100 (2020).

Yu Wang, Xuning Feng, Yong Peng, Fukui Zhang, Dongsheng Ren, Xiang Liu, Languang Lu, Yoshiaki Nitta, Li Wang, Minggao Ouyang, Reductive gas manipulation at early self-heating stage enables controllable battery thermal failure, Joule, Volume 6, Issue 12, 2022, Pages 2810-2820,ISSN 2542-4351.
Effective Dissolution of Tin Using Electrolytically Oxidized Alkaline Solution
Authors: Taninouchi Yu-ki , Nakano Hiroaki 
Published: December 2024

Tin (Sn) is used as solder and plating in electronic devices, and its recycling is becoming increasingly important. Hydrometallurgical processes can be performed using small-scale plants without consuming large amounts of energy. Considering the strongly amphoteric nature of Sn, its dissolution (or corrosion) with alkaline solution (pH ~14) is an attractive technique for its selective extraction from various secondary resources. Sn and its alloys exhibit high corrosion resistance, and appropriate oxidants are required for their efficient dissolution. Recently, the iodate ion (IO3
−) was reported to be one of the most effective oxidants for dissolving Sn into alkaline solutions without much heating.
When Sn and its alloys are immersed in the IO3
−-containing solution, their dissolution rates decrease with increasing consumption of the oxidant (i.e., the reduction of IO3
− ions to iodide ions (I−)). To overcome this, in this study, we propose to regenerate the consumed IO3
− using electrolysis, as illustrated in Figure 1. A KI-added 1 M NaOH solution were kept in an electrolytic cell with a cation exchange membrane and then electrolyzed at ~20 °C using graphite as the anode and nickel as the cathode. After electrolysis, the concentrations of the IO3
− and I− ions in the solution were analyzed by liquid chromatography. The results showed that the I− ions can be anodically oxidized to IO3
− ions with a current efficiency of near 100%. Furthermore, when the metallic Sn samples were immersed in the anode compartment of the cell during or after electrolysis, they dissolved rapidly. The results obtained in this study indicate that the dissolution and extraction of Sn using IO3
−-containing alkaline solutions can be achieved more efficiently by combining with electrolysis.

Figure 1
Corrosion Enhanced By Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens Differently Enriched on Copper Alloys
Authors: Cazzulani Elena , Cristiani Pierangela , Chiarello Gian Luca , Franzetti Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Copper and its alloys, such as brass and bronze, are widely used in heat exchangers valves, fitting, and other components of industrial facilities due to their corrosion resistance, high conductivity, and biocide properties. However, they can suffer of microbial corrosion like or more than other non-toxic materials, as several bacteria and archaea can settle and form thick biofilm on them. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in studying the metabolisms of methanogens and their effects for materials [1], due to the pivotal role that these microorganisms play in the biotechnological processes. The production of methane by CO2 and H2, for instance, is one of the most promising bioprocesses addressing the energy transition [2].
In this context, the aim of this work is to evaluate, and underline, the corrosiveness of biofilm growth on different copper alloys, starting from a common microbial pool enriched of bacteria and hydrogenotrophic archaea, treated at different temperatures and autoclaved. The study was evaluated based on 16 days test on the surface of two different copper materials, a pure Cu and a CuZn brass (40 wt. % Zn). Electrochemical investigations were performed using a three-electrode cell consisting of a working electrode (test alloy), a reference electrode (saturated Ag/AgCl electrode) and a counter electrode (titanium mesh). Investigations included open circuit potential (OCP) monitoring and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Chemical characterizations of the corrosion products and post-experiment observations were performed by SEM and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μRS). Molecular analysis by next generation sequencing (NGS) of 16S RNA was performed by swabbing the surface of the material and identifying the microorganisms constituting the microbial communities for each case. Results evidenced a different corrosion behavior of materials, which corresponded to different enrichment of microorganisms and different corrosion products, depending on the material and the treatment of the inoculum.

[1] Lahme S, Mand J, Longwell J, Smith R, Enning D. Severe Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Oil Field Produced Water Can Be Linked to Methanogenic Archaea Containing a Special Type of [NiFe] Hydrogenase. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2021 Jan 15;87(3)

[2] Hirano SI, Ihara S, Wakai S, Dotsuta Y, Otani K, Kitagaki T, Ueno F, Okamoto A. Novel Methanobacterium Strain Induces Severe Corrosion by Retrieving Electrons from Fe0 under a Freshwater Environment. Microorganisms. 2022 Jan 25;10(2):270.
Molten Salt Corrosion Study of Alloys for Energy Application
Authors: Syed Adnan , Aria Adrianus Indrat , Nicholls John 
Published: December 2024

A current challenge in concentrated solar power plants is corrosion with storing heat in molten salt to provide 24/7 renewable energy supply. This research aims to study optimisation of molten salt storage system through an understanding of the electrochemical interactions of the molten salt with the storage vessel materials. A unique facility was built to measure electrochemical performance in molten salt at high temperature with a capability of testing alloy samples. This will allow rapid performance evaluation of material and coatings in simulated high temperature service environment. Corrosion failure of these materials is associated with initiation of cracking because of electrochemical interaction between phases in the metallurgical microstructure. This can give rise to local attack, leading to crack formation and ultimately, plant failure. By using these electrochemical methods, we can better understand the corrosion mechanism.
This ongoing project enables rapid and precise evaluation of energy materials degradation by measuring jointly and in situ the electrochemical performance of sample within a molten salt as a function of temperature. The study will also be compliment using microscope study using SEM /EDX to understand the microstructural changes and XRD for corrosion products evaluation. A combination of differed salt mix at different temperature ranges will be studied in this project.
Investigation of Ruthenium and Iridium Metal as Potential Anodes for Oxide Reduction in Molten LiCl-Li2O
Authors: Moore Craig , Selmi Thomas , Chidambaram Dev 
Published: December 2024

The electroreduction of UO2 during pyroprocessing is counterbalanced by the oxidation of dissolved oxygen ions typically at a platinum anode in molten LiCl-Li2O to form oxygen gas. Platinum and previously explored alternative anodes have been found to corrode concurrently with the evolution of oxygen which poses an economic challenge for implementing pyroprocessing industrially. Ruthenium and iridium metal were investigated as potential anodes for the electroreduction step of pyroprocessing. Electrochemical data for the tested anodes will be presented. Additionally, extensive surface characterization including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy will be reported for the tested anodes.
This work was performed under ARPA-e grant DE-AR0001697. XPS was purchased under NSF MRI award 2117820. C.M. is supported by DOE Fellowship under award DE-NE0009105.
Synergistic Effects of Plastic Deformation and Chloride Ions on Localized Corrosion of Steel Rebars in Concrete
Authors: Doi Kotaro , Hiromoto Sachiko 
Published: December 2024

In typical concrete environments, alkalinity is generally maintained, contributing to the superior corrosion resistance of reinforcing steels due to the presence of a passive film. However, the passive film can be broken by some corrosion factors, and the corrosion initiates on the reinforcing steel. In this study, we studied the dissolution and repassivation behavior of reinforcing steel during rapid elongation in a simulated concrete solution containing Cl- to elucidate the effects of deformation and Cl- on the localized corrosion behavior of the reinforcing steel in concrete.
Commercial reinforcing steel samples were prepared and shaped for tensile testing. These samples were then placed in an electrochemical cell filled with a simulated concrete solution (saturated Ca(OH)2 solution) and attached to a tensile testing machine. Hausmann previously reported that corrosion of reinforcing steel occurs when the ratio of chloride ions to hydroxide ions ([Cl-] / [OH-]) exceeds 0.6 in a stress-free concrete environment1). To examine the effect of lower concentrations of Cl- on dissolution and repassivation when the passive film is broken by mechanical loading, NaCl was added to the simulated concrete solution at concentrations yielding [Cl-] / [OH-] ratios of 0, 0.2, and 0.4. Initially, the samples were polarized at the corrosion potential, followed by rapid elongation at a straining rate of 0.67 s-1 (corresponding to a tensile speed of 10 mm/s). The transient behaviors of strain, stress, and current were recorded with time.
An increase in current was observed during plastic deformation, whereas little increase was noted during elastic deformation. This suggests that the passive film on reinforcing steel remains intact or experiences minimal breakdown during elastic deformation, whereas dissolution occurs during plastic deformation due to the substantial increase in newly exposed surface area resulting from the formation of slip steps.
Following the finishing of elongation, the current rapidly decreased to pre-straining levels as a result of repassivation in the solution with [Cl-] / [OH-] ratio of 0. However, in solutions with [Cl-] / [OH-] ratios of 0.2 and 0.4, the current did not decrease rapidly and exhibited stagnation. In these cases, the charge generated after deformation significantly increased, leading to substantial metal dissolution. Examination of the sample surface via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed localized corrosion along slip steps, leading to the extensive metal dissolution. These findings suggest that the critical chloride ion concentration for reinforcing steel corrosion in concrete environments is lower than that reported for stress-free environments.
1) A. Hausmann, Materials Protection, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 19-23 (1967).
Effect of Microalloying on Localized Corrosion and Mechanically Induced Corrosion of Magnesium-Zinc Based Ternary Alloys
Authors: Jiang Pingli , Blawert Carsten , Zheludkevich Mikhail 
Published: December 2024

The Magnesium-zinc system (Mg-Zn) holds significant promise for developing cost-effective Mg alloys with enhanced strength and favorable corrosion performance. In this study, we explored low-Zn Mg-Zn alloys micro-alloyed with various ternary elements to achieve an optimal balance between corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. By investigating the impact of these alloying elements on the microstructures and localized corrosion behavior of Mg0.5Zn0.2X and Mg4Zn0.2X alloys (in wt.%), we identified three promising alloys: Mg0.5Zn0.2Ca, Mg0.5Zn0.2Ge, and Mg4Zn0.2Sn. Subsequently, we applied hot extrusion at varying speeds to enhance corrosion resistance and strength. Interestingly, the corrosion rates of Mg0.5Zn0.2Ge and Mg4Zn0.2Sn alloys decreased after extrusion, while that of Mg0.5Zn0.2Ca alloy remained relatively unaffected. Notably, the corrosion mechanism of Mg0.5Zn0.2Ge alloy shifted from localized corrosion to uniform corrosion due to refined microstructure and increased Zn participation in the corrosion product layer.
The tensile properties of all alloys deteriorated over time due to corrosion in salt spray, particularly when localized corrosion occurred. However, the trend in tensile properties closely correlated with the alloys’ corrosion resistance in salt fog. The corrosion fatigue behavior of the alloys was strongly linked to their corrosion behavior in various solutions, especially for the Mg4Zn0.2Sn alloy. We also investigated the susceptibility of these alloys to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in four different electrolytes using constant load tests. Both Mg0.5Zn0.2Ca and Mg4Zn0.2Sn alloys exhibited resistance to SCC across all environments. In contrast, the Mg0.5Zn0.2Ge alloy showed susceptibility to SCC in all environments, particularly in deionized water. This susceptibility was attributed to the different corrosion product/substrate interfaces formed in various solutions, which influenced crack development.