bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a nominal group technique to approach consensus on a resilience intervention for smoking cessation in a lower socioeconomic population
Authors: Tsourtos George , Foley Kristen , Ward Paul , Miller Emma , Wilson Carlene , Barton Christopher , Lawn Sharon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmoking prevalence remains inequitably high for lower SES (socioeconomic status) populations. The psychosocial interactive model of resilience theorises that resilience might be ‘switched on’ in order to support and/or maintain smoking cessation for these populations. This study aimed to develop a Resilience Intervention for Smoking Cessation (RISC) through reviewing the extant literature around efficacious interventions for smoking cessation. Deliberative democracy principles were then used to understand lay perspectives regarding this potential smoking cessation program.MethodsPublic health databases were searched to find efficacious psycho-social resilience interventions in the peer-reviewed literature for smoking cessation amongst lower SES populations. Potential components for RISC were selected based on evidence within the literature for their effectiveness. We then employed the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to create discussion and consensus on the most socially appropriate and feasible components from the perspective of smokers from low SES areas. The NGT included 16 people from a lower SES population in southern metropolitan Adelaide who indicated they were seriously contemplating quitting smoking or had recently quit. Data were collected from multiple Likert ratings and rankings of the interventions during the NGT workshop and analysed descriptively. The Wilcoxon signed-ranked test was used where appropriate. Qualitative data were collected from participant reflections and group discussion, and analysed thematically.ResultsSix smoking cessation interventions, likely to enhance resilience, were selected as potential constituents for RISC: mindfulness training; setting realistic goals; support groups; smoke free environments; mobile phone apps; and motivational interviewing. Consensus indicated that mindfulness training and setting realistic goals were the most acceptable resilience enhancing interventions, based on perceived usefulness and feasibility.ConclusionsThis research applied principles from deliberative democracy in order to illuminate lay knowledge regarding an appropriate and acceptable smoking cessation resilience program for a lower SES population. This process of collaborative and complex knowledge-generation is critically important to confront inequities as an ongoing challenge in public health, such as smoking cessation for disadvantaged groups. Further research should involve development and trial of this resilience program.
Constructing a bilingual website with validated database for Herb and Western medicine interactions using Ginseng, Ginkgo and Dong Quai as examples
Authors: Wu Chang-Shiann , Chen Yu-Huai , Chen Chi-Liang , Chien Sheng-Kan , Syifa Nailis , Hung Yu-Chun , Cheng Kai-Jen , Hu Shu-Chin , Lo Pei-Tzu , Lin Shun-Yung , Wu Tzu-Hua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Concerns have been raised regarding the efficacy and safety resulting from the potential interactions of herbs with Western medications due to the use of both herbs and Western medicine by the general public. Information obtained from the web must be critically evaluated prior to its use in making decisions.

Description
This study aimed to construct an herb-drug interaction (HDI) website (https://drug-herb-interaction.netlify.com) with a critically reviewed database. Node.js was used to store the database by running JavaScript. Vue.js is a front-end framework used for web interface development. A total of 135 sets of information related to the interactions of ginseng, ginkgo and dong quai with Western medicine from the literature identified in Medline were collected, followed by critical reviews to prepare nineteen items of information for each HDI monograph. A total of 80 sets of validated HDIs met all criteria and were further assessed at the individual reliability level (likely, possible, and unevaluable) and labeled with the “interaction” item. This query system of the website can be operated in both the Chinese and English languages to obtain all monographs on HDIs in the database, including bilingual interaction data. The database of HDI monographs can be updated by simply uploading a new version of the information Excel file. The designed “smart search” module, in addition to the “single search”, is convenient for requesting multiple searches. Among the “likely” interactions (n = 26), 50% show negative HDIs. Ten of these can increase the effect of the Western drug, and the others (n = 3) imply that the HDI can be beneficial.

Conclusions
The current study provides a website platform and 80 sets of validated bilingual HDIs involving ginseng, ginkgo and dong quai in an online database. A search of HDI monographs related to these three herbs can be performed with this bilingual, easy-to-use query website, which is feasible for professionals and the general public. The identified reliability level for each HDI may assist readers’ decisions regarding whether taking Western medications concomitant with one of three herbal medicinal foods is safe or whether caution is required due to potentially serious outcomes.
Educational roles as a continuum of mentoring’s role in medicine – a systematic review and thematic analysis of educational studies from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Radha Krishna Lalit Kumar , Renganathan Yaazhini , Tay Kuang Teck , Tan Benjamin Jia Xing , Chong Jia Yan , Ching Ann Hui , Prakash Kishore , Quek Nicholas Wei Sheng , Peh Rachel Huidi , Chin Annelissa Mien Chew , Taylor David C. M. , Mason Stephen , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Toh Ying Pin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have gone to great lengths to differentiate mentoring fromteaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervisionin efforts to better understand mentoring processes. This review seeks to evaluate the notion thatteaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervisionmay in fact all be part of the mentoring process. To evaluate this theory, this review scrutinizes current literature onteaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervisionto evaluate their commonalities with prevailing concepts of novice mentoring.MethodsA three staged approach is adopted to evaluate this premise. Stage one involves four systematic reviews on one-to-one learning interactions inteaching, tutoring, role modelling, coaching and supervisionwithin Internal Medicine, published between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2018. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis was used to identify key elements within these approaches and facilitate comparisons between them.Stage two provides an updated view of one-to-one mentoring between a senior physician and a medical student or junior doctor to contextualise the discussion.Stage three infuses mentoring into the findings delineated in stage one.ResultsSeventeen thousand four hundred ninety-nine citations were reviewed, 235 full-text articles were reviewed, and 104 articles were thematically analysed. Four themes were identified – characteristics, processes, nature of relationship, and problems faced in each of the four educational roles.ConclusionsRole modelling, teaching and tutoring, coaching and supervisionlie within a mentoring spectrum of increasingly structured interactions, assisted by assessments, feedback and personalised support that culminate with a mentoring approach. Still requiring validation, these findings necessitate a reconceptualization of mentoring and changes to mentor training programs and how mentoring is assessed and supported.
Evaluating the implementation of a personal health record for chronic primary and secondary care: a mixed methods approach
Authors: Sieverink Floor , Kelders Saskia , Braakman-Jansen Annemarie , van Gemert-Pijnen Julia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Personal health records (PHRs) provide the opportunity for self-management support, enhancing communication between patients and caregivers, and maintaining and/or improving the quality of chronic disease management. Their implementation is a multi-level and complex process, requiring a holistic approach that takes into account the technology, its users and the context of implementation. The aim of this research is to evaluate the fidelity of a PHR in chronic care (the degree to which it was implemented as intended) in order to explain the found effects.

Methods
A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used, where qualitative and quantitative data were collected in parallel, analyzed separately, and finally merged. Log data of 536 users were used to gain insight into the actual long-term use of the PHR (the dose). Focus group meetings among caregivers (n = 13) were conducted to assess program differentiation (or intended use). Interviews with caregivers (n = 28) and usability tests with potential end-users (n = 13) of the PHR were used to understand the responsiveness and the differences and similarities between the intended and actual use of the PHR.

Results
The results of the focus groups showed that services for coaching are strongly associated with monitoring health values and education. However, the PHR was not used that way during the study period. In the interviews, caregivers indicated that they were ignorant on how to deploy the PHR in current working routines. Therefore, they find it difficult to motivate their patients in using the PHR. Participants in the usability study indicate that they would value a PHR in the future, given that the usability will be improved and that the caregivers will use it in daily practice as well.

Conclusions
In this study, actual use of the PHRs by patients was influenced by the responsiveness of caregivers. This responsiveness is likely to be strongly influenced by the perceived support when defining the differentiation and delivery of the PHR. A mixed-methods approach to understand intervention fidelity was of added value in providing explanations for the found effects that could not be revealed by solely focusing on the effectiveness of the technology in an experimental trial.
MySeq: privacy-protecting browser-based personal Genome analysis for genomics education and exploration
Authors: Linderman Michael D. , McElroy Leo , Chang Laura 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe complexity of genome informatics is a recurring challenge for genome exploration and analysis by students and other non-experts. This complexity creates a barrier to wider implementation of experiential genomics education, even in settings with substantial computational resources and expertise. Reducing the need for specialized software tools will increase access to hands-on genomics pedagogy.ResultsMySeq is a React.js single-page web application for privacy-protecting interactive personal genome analysis. All analyses are performed entirely in the user’s web browser eliminating the need to install and use specialized software tools or to upload sensitive data to an external web service. MySeq leverages Tabix-indexing to efficiently query whole genome-scale variant call format (VCF) files stored locally or available remotely via HTTP(s) without loading the entire file. MySeq currently implements variant querying and annotation, physical trait prediction, pharmacogenomic, polygenic disease risk and ancestry analyses to provide representative pedagogical examples; and can be readily extended with new analysis or visualization components.ConclusionsMySeq supports multiple pedagogical approaches including independent exploration and interactive online tutorials. MySeq has been successfully employed in an undergraduate human genome analysis course where it reduced the barriers-to-entry for hands-on human genome analysis.
Metagenomic identification of severe pneumonia pathogens in mechanically-ventilated patients: a feasibility and clinical validity study
Authors: Yang Libing , Haidar Ghady , Zia Haris , Nettles Rachel , Qin Shulin , Wang Xiaohong , Shah Faraaz , Rapport Sarah F. , Charalampous Themoula , Methé Barbara , Fitch Adam , Morris Alison , McVerry Bryan J. , O’Grady Justin , Kitsios Georgios D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Metagenomic sequencing of respiratory microbial communities for pathogen identification in pneumonia may help overcome the limitations of culture-based methods. We examined the feasibility and clinical validity of rapid-turnaround metagenomics with Nanopore™ sequencing of clinical respiratory specimens.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study of mechanically-ventilated patients with pneumonia (nine culture-positive and five culture-negative) and without pneumonia (eight controls). We collected endotracheal aspirates and applied a microbial DNA enrichment method prior to metagenomic sequencing with the Oxford Nanopore MinION device. For reference, we compared Nanopore results against clinical microbiologic cultures and bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results
Human DNA depletion enabled in depth sequencing of microbial communities. In culture-positive cases, Nanopore revealed communities with high abundance of the bacterial or fungal species isolated by cultures. In four cases with resistant clinical isolates, Nanopore detected antibiotic resistance genes corresponding to the phenotypic resistance in antibiograms. In culture-negative pneumonia, Nanopore revealed probable bacterial pathogens in 1/5 cases and Candida colonization in 3/5 cases. In controls, Nanopore showed high abundance of oral bacteria in 5/8 subjects, and identified colonizing respiratory pathogens in other subjects. Nanopore and 16S sequencing showed excellent concordance for the most abundant bacterial taxa.

Conclusions
We demonstrated technical feasibility and proof-of-concept clinical validity of Nanopore metagenomics for severe pneumonia diagnosis, with striking concordance with positive microbiologic cultures, and clinically actionable information obtained from sequencing in culture-negative samples. Prospective studies with real-time metagenomics are warranted to examine the impact on antimicrobial decision-making and clinical outcomes.
Chiropractic students’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to joining a professional association”
Authors: Innes Stanley I. , Stomski Norman , Theroux Jean 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
In Australia, about 1 in 3 chiropractors choose not to belong to either of the two professional associations and this is considerably lower compared to other health professional organisations in this country. The reasons for this remain unknown. We sought to explore possible reasons by asking chiropractic students their perceptions of barriers and facilitators to joining a professional association. However, we were unable to identify validated survey instruments that could be used to obtain information about reasons for joining health professional associations.

Aim
Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: 1) develop a survey instrument that captures information about what influences chiropractic students in joining professional association; and 2) identify factors that promote association membership among chiropractic students.

Methods
A literature review was undertaken to identify known determinants of professional association membership and were used to construct a preliminary survey instrument, which comprised 47 items. Six fourth-year chiropractic students assessed the preliminary survey instrument’s content validity. Principal components analysis was used to establish the structure of the scales. Cronbach’s alpha was derived to determine whether all items in each scale tapped a discrete construct. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between the scale scores and having joined a chiropractic professional association.

Results
In March 2019, 348 chiropractic students from Murdoch University (71.0%) responded to a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire. Principal components analysis resulted in the retention of 21 items that strongly loaded onto 6 factors. Internal consistency was found to be adequate. The results of the logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only “development of the profession” was significantly associated with have joined a professional chiropractic association (p = 0.049, OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.26–3.40).

Conclusion
Chiropractic organisations can probably most effectively increase membership numbers through raising awareness of their contribution to the development of the profession.
Differential regulation of Cav2.2 channel exon 37 variants by alternatively spliced μ-opioid receptors
Authors: Gandini Maria A. , Souza Ivana A. , Raval Dvij , Xu Jin , Pan Ying-Xian , Zamponi Gerald W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe have examined the regulation of mutually exclusive Cav2.2 exon 37a and b variants by the mouse μ-opioid receptor (mMOR) C-terminal splice variants 1, 1C and 1O in tsA-201 cells. Electrophysiological analyses revealed that both channel isoforms exhibit DAMGO-induced voltage-dependent (Gβγ-mediated) inhibition and its recovery by voltage pre-pulses, as well as a voltage-independent component. However, the two channel isoforms differ in their relative extent of voltage-dependent and independent inhibition, with Cav2.2-37b showing significantly more voltage-dependent inhibition upon activation of the three mMOR receptors studied. In addition, coexpression of either mMOR1 or mMOR1C results in an agonist-independent reduction in the peak current density of Cav2.2-37a channels, whereas the peak current density of Cav2.2-37b does not appear to be affected. Interestingly, this decrease is not due to an effect on channel expression at the plasma membrane, as demonstrated by biotinylation experiments. We further examined the mechanism underlying the agonist-independent modulation of Cav2.2-37a by mMOR1C. Incubation of cells with pertussis toxin did not affect the mMOR1C mediated inhibition of Cav2.2-37a currents, indicating a lack of involvement of Gi/o signaling. However, when a Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor was applied, the effect of mMOR1C was lost. Moreover, when we recorded currents using a Cav2.2-37a mutant in which tyrosine 1747 was replaced with phenylalanine (Y1747F), the agonist independent effects of mMOR1C were abolished. Altogether our findings show that Cav2.2-37a and Cav2.2-37b isoforms are subject to differential regulation by C-terminal splice variants of mMORs, and that constitutive mMOR1C activity and downstream tyrosine kinase activity exert a selective inhibition of the Cav2.2-37a splice variant, an N-type channel isoform that is highly enriched in nociceptors. Our study provides new insights into the roles of the MOR full-length C-terminal variants in modulating Cav2.2 channel isoform activities.
Tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways: key roles in the regulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yang Li , Li Aitian , Lei Qingyang , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImmunotherapy is a currently popular treatment strategy for cancer patients. Although recent developments in cancer immunotherapy have had significant clinical impact, only a subset of patients exhibits clinical response. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance is necessary. The mechanisms of immune escape appear to consist of two distinct tumor characteristics: a decrease in effective immunocyte infiltration and function and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Several host-derived factors may also contribute to immune escape. Moreover, inter-patient heterogeneity predominantly results from differences in somatic mutations between cancers, which has led to the hypothesis that differential activation of specific tumor-intrinsic pathways may explain the phenomenon of immune exclusion in a subset of cancers. Increasing evidence has also shown that tumor-intrinsic signaling plays a key role in regulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor immune escape. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying immune avoidance mediated by tumor-intrinsic signaling may help identify new therapeutic targets for expanding the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Forkhead box (FOX) G1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma epithelial-Mesenchymal transition by activating Wnt signal through forming T-cell factor-4/Beta-catenin/FOXG1 complex
Authors: Zheng Xingrong , Lin Jiaxin , Wu Hewei , Mo Zhishuo , Lian Yunwen , Wang Peipei , Hu Zhaoxia , Gao Zhiliang , Peng Liang , Xie Chan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) is a member of the Fox transcription factor family involved in regulation of many cancers. However, the role of FOXG1 in hepatocellular carcinogenesisis largely unclear. The present study aimed at examining the biological function and underlying mechanism of FOXG1 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor metastasis as well as its clinical significance.

Methods
Levels of FOXG1 were determined by immunohistochemical and real-time PCR analysis in HCC cell lines and human HCC samples. The effect of FOXG1 on cancer cell invasion and metastasis was investigated in vitro and in vivo in either FOXG1-silenced or overexpressing human HCC cell lines. Immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed to investigate the interaction of FOXG1, β-catenin, TCF4 and the effect on Wnt target-gene promoters.

Results
In human HCC, the level of FOXG1 progressively increased from surrounding non tumorous livers to HCC, reaching the highest levels in metastatic HCC. Furthermore, expression levels of FOXG1 directly correlated with cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. In FOXG1-overexpressing cells, FOXG1 promotes the stabilization and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin by directly binding to β-catenin and it associates with the lymphoid enhancer factor/T cell factor proteins (LEF/TCFs) on Wnt responsive enhancers (WREs) in chromatin.

Conclusions
The results show that FOXG1 plays a key role in mediating cancer cell metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in HCC cells and predicts HCC prognosis after surgery. Targeting FOXG1 may provide a new approach for therapeutic treatment in the future.