bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing generalized and specific problematic smartphone/internet use: Longitudinal relationships between smartphone application-based addiction and social media addiction and psychological distress
Authors: Chen I-Hua , Pakpour Amir H. , Leung Hildie , Potenza Marc N. , Su Jian-An , Lin Chung-Ying , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsThe literature has proposed two types of problematic smartphone/internet use: generalized problematic use and specific problematic use. However, longitudinal findings on the associations between the two types of problematic use and psychological distress are lacking among East-Asians. The present study examined temporal associations between both generalized and specific problematic use of the smartphone/internet, and psychological distress.MethodsHong Kong University students (N = 308; 100 males; mean age = 23.75 years; SD ± 5.15) were recruited with follow-ups at three, six, and nine months after baseline assessment. All participants completed the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (for generalized problematic smartphone/internet use), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (for specific problematic smartphone/internet use), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (for psychological distress) in each assessment. Latent growth modeling (LGM) was constructed to understand temporal associations between generalized/specific problematic use and psychological distress.ResultsThe LGM suggested that the intercept of generalized problematic use was significantly associated with the intercept of psychological distress (standardized coefficient [β] = 0.32; P < 0.01). The growth of generalized problematic use was significantly associated with the growth of psychological distress (β = 0.51; P < 0.01). Moreover, the intercept of specific problematic use was significantly associated with the intercept of psychological distress (β = 0.28; P < 0.01) and the growth of psychological distress (β = 0.37; P < 0.01).ConclusionThe initial level of problematic use of smartphone/internet increased the psychological distress among university students. Helping young adults address problematic use of the smartphone/internet may prevent psychological distress.
The 21-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Revised (BIS-R-21): An alternative three-factor model
Authors: Kapitány-Fövény Máté , Urbán Róbert , Varga Gábor , Potenza Marc N. , Griffiths Mark D. , Szekely Anna , Paksi Borbála , Kun Bernadette , Farkas Judit , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsDue to its important role in both healthy groups and those with physical, mental and behavioral disorders, impulsivity is a widely researched construct. Among various self-report questionnaires of impulsivity, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is arguably the most frequently used measure. Despite its international use, inconsistencies in the suggested factor structure of its latest version, the BIS-11, have been observed repeatedly in different samples. The goal of the present study was therefore to test the factor structure of the BIS-11 in several samples.MethodsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on two representative samples of Hungarian adults (N = 2,457; N = 2,040) and a college sample (N = 765).ResultsAnalyses did not confirm the original model of the measure in any of the samples. Based on explorative factor analyses, an alternative three-factor model (cognitive impulsivity; behavioral impulsivity; and impatience/restlessness) of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale is suggested. The pattern of the associations between the three factors and aggression, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, and psychological distress supports the construct validity of this new model.DiscussionThe new measurement model of impulsivity was confirmed in two independent samples. However, it requires further cross-cultural validation to clarify the content of self-reported impulsivity in both clinical and nonclinical samples.
Co-occurrences of substance use and other potentially addictive behaviors: Epidemiological results from the Psychological and Genetic Factors of the Addictive Behaviors (PGA) Study
Authors: Kotyuk Eszter , Magi Anna , Eisinger Andrea , Király Orsolya , Vereczkei Andrea , Barta Csaba , Griffiths Mark D. , Székely Anna , Kökönyei Gyöngyi , Farkas Judit , Kun Bernadette , Badgaiyan Rajendra D. , Urbán Róbert , Blum Kenneth , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsChanges in the nomenclature of addictions suggest a significant shift in the conceptualization of addictions, where non-substance related behaviors can also be classified as addictions. A large amount of data provides empirical evidence that there are overlaps of different types of addictive behaviors in etiology, phenomenology, and in the underlying psychological and biological mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the co-occurrences of a wide range of substance use and behavioral addictions.MethodsThe present epidemiological analysis was carried out as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of the Addictive Behaviors (PGA) Study, where data were collected from 3,003 adolescents and young adults (42.6% males; mean age 21 years). Addictions to psychoactive substances and behaviors were rigorously assessed.ResultsData is provided on lifetime occurrences of the assessed substance uses, their co-occurrences, the prevalence estimates of specific behavioral addictions, and co-occurrences of different substance use and potentially addictive behaviors. Associations were found between (i) smoking and problematic Internet use, exercising, eating disorders, and gambling (ii) alcohol consumption and problematic Internet use, problematic online gaming, gambling, and eating disorders, and (iii) cannabis use and problematic online gaming and gambling.ConclusionsThe results suggest a large overlap between the occurrence of these addictions and behaviors and underlies the importance of investigating the possible common psychological, genetic and neural pathways. These data further support concepts such as the Reward Deficiency Syndrome and the component model of addictions that propose a common phenomenological and etiological background of different addictive and related behaviors.
Elision of the Lateral Sound Sun Laam in Definite Article in Arabic (AL)
Authors: Alteyp Osman Alteyp Alwasila 
Published: July 2020

This study investigates: what kind of sound change in the lateral sound (sun laam) before the coronal sound of Arabic(/∫/, /ð/, /ð /, /ṣ/, /s/, /d/, /d/, /n/, /ẓ/, /z/, /Ѳ/, /t/, /t /, and /r/).; the extent to which the coronal and the vowel sound cause the elision of the lateral sound and whether the elision of sun laam is the main indicator of geminate the coronal sound. The sample of the study is a list of Arabic words containing the coronal sound of Arabic initially and preceded by a definite article. The significance of this study shows the benefit of describing and analyzing the distinctive features of the immediate sounds within continuant speech for finding out what exactly causes changes in a phoneme in such speech. A descriptive analytic approach is used to describe the distinctive features of the sun laam and the coronal sounds, as well as to analyze the linguistic environment (the sound pattern including the definite article /ال/ /al/ before the coronal sound).The most important results are: the sun laam is completely elided before the coronal sounds. The elision of Sun Laam and the intensity of the vowel sound shape the geminate of the coronal sound.
A Study of Written Errors of Iranian Learners: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khansir Ali Akbar , Pakdel Farhad 
Published: July 2020

The collection of this systematic article was an attempt to show a survey of current activities in the field of error analysis in English language from 2012 to 2018 in Iran. In the country, English is being taught as Foreign Language from middle school. Khansir and Gholami Dashti (2014) mentioned that English accepted as language to pass in the examination. However, English system in this country often put on formal accuracy and teachers focus on the teaching of English grammar in their classes. Error analysis approach has been a widely discussed topic for more than 60 years over the world. However, all the findings of this paper from previous research works on error analysis can be good reasons in order to guide and help reduce such errors in the written language of Iranian students in EFL setting and the results of this work can also be used to as a guide for English learners over the world. This article identifies and presents the major reasons leading to the English written errors among the Iranian learners. Finally, it reports the effective strategies and suggestions for helping the students to improve their English language. The researchers of this study studied 178 papers in this process and 37 of the papers were relevant.
The Teaching Design of English Reading Based on Cultivating Students' Critical Thinking
Authors: Jia Yu , Guo Lei 
Published: July 2020

The High School English Curriculum Standard (2017 edition) states that it's crucial to cultivate core competences for students, which includes language ability, learning ability, cultural awareness and thinking quality. There is no doubt that critical thinking, as one of the key components of thinking quality, should be emphasized. However, due to the influence of examination-oriented education and other factors, most teachers tend to pay too much attention to the cultivation of students' language knowledge and language skills, neglecting the cultivation of students' critical thinking ability. The traditional mode of interpretation of language knowledge still dominates in most English reading teaching, teaching design tends to be modeled and text processing is so superficial that students can not understand the discourse deeply. Students in the classroom did not experience a deep thinking level of ability training. Therefore, teachers should think carefully about how to cultivate students’ critical thinking in high school English reading class and adjust their teaching methods accordingly. This paper will take the teaching design of a reading lesson as an example to explore how to cultivate students' critical thinking in high school reading class.
Environmental, Biological, Social Security: An Organizational and Legal Aspect
Authors: Zhavoronkova N. G. , Agafonov V. B. 
Published: July 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of current trends and prospects of development of legislation of the Russian Federation in the area of environmental, biological and social safety. Based on the results of the study of mechanisms of operation of modern legal systems in the context of increasing exponential threats and risks, the authors carry out the general evaluation of the ability of emergency situations legislation to respond to contemporary challenges. The paper also identifies factors that could have a decisive impact on the formation of new environmental and biological security.The author substantiates that, since any extreme environmental and biological situation is sudden, rapid, and it rapidly transforms from local to global, the emergency legislation should be as specific, clear, logical as possible, consistent with the goals and objectives of prevention of harm to life and health. In this regard, it should be revised primarily from the perspective of notions, variability of consequences, establishment of causality, description of basic solutions and responsibility. It is fundamentally necessary to change the paradigm from the elimination of accidents, disasters, fires and other man-made accidents to the presentation of emergencies as a systemic crisis of management and law. Special acts should clarify the criteria for “danger” and “safety”, taking into account socio-economic and environmental consequences, the competence of the authorities, security provision economy, permissible risks and losses, mechanisms and protocols for the operation of the entire state and public machinery in emergencies.In addition, the law-maker should adopt the legislation regulating the health system, which must have sufficient reserves of capacity and resources for emergencies, the legislation regulating financial reserves for the establishment of special accounts and emergency financing mechanisms, as well as information legislation regulating emergency situations.
The Concept and Classification of Genomic (Genetic) Information
Authors: Maleina M. N. 
Published: July 2020

The importance of genomic information has now increased due to the possibility of its practical use. Meanwhile, the understanding of the term “genomic information” is specified based on different criteria. Genomic information is proposed to be classified depending on the following criteria: 1) the origin of a biological sample, 2) the place of fixation and storage of genomic information, 3) the purpose of use, 4) the completeness of examination, 5) the relation of a person to the acquisition of his or her genomic information, 6) the scope of content. Genomic information can be presented as a generic concept referring to all biological objects, as a special concept (species) referring only to humans, and as subspecies reflecting specificity of such information in a particular area of activity. Genomic information of a living being (human, animal, plant, microorganism) is understood as data on certain fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (sometimes ribonucleic acid) on the basis of which the living being is identified or other permitted activity is carried out.Human genomic information is defined as biometric personal data extracted from certain fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid (sometimes ribonucleic acid) of a living individual or corpse, on the basis of which it is possible to identify, determine genetic predispositions or extract patterns of the development of the human being obtained voluntarily, and, in cases provided for by the law, forced to be fixed in a biological sample and/or stored in an information map or database.It is proved that the existing laws on information or a new law dedicated to regulation of the application of genomic technologies should be amended instead of adopting a special law “On Genetic Information”.
General Principles and Logic of the Legal Regulation of Genetic Research in Australia
Authors: Suranova T. G. , Zenin S. S. , Suvorov G. N. 
Published: July 2020

The paper deals with the features of the legal regulation of genetic research in the Commonwealth of Australia with due regard to the state structure, national, ethical and other factors. The primary source of law in Australia is the common law articulated in judicial precedents (case law) that has recently been supplemented by acts of statutory regulation. The paper thoroughly investigates the processes of storage, access and protection of full-genome sequencing data. The authors analyze the peculiarities of functioning of the judicial system of Australia; the experience of normative consolidation of informed consent for genetic research, confidentiality of obtained information, strategic priorities in integration of the results of genetic research into Australia’s health system. The paper provides the analysis of the list of documents containing indications of cases in which medical organizations should not collect confidential information about a person. As a result of the study, the authors identify certain gaps in the normative legal regulation of genetic research and inconsistencies and contradictions of certain normative legal acts. The paper focuses on specifics of genetic research with the participation of the Aboriginal population of Australia, which, in turn, will help in the formation of the relevant legal framework in the Russian Federation.As a conclusion, the authors note that in the field of legal regulation of the processes of storage, access and protection of genetic information in Australia there is a tendency to use normative regulators. Particular attention is drawn to the normative consolidation of the priority of public interests over private interests and its reflection not only in numerous reservations and exceptions, but also in the framework of generally relevant strategic priorities. Presuming the development of the similar legal framework in the Russian Federation and taking into account the multiethnicity of the population, it should be highlighted that Australia’s experience in implementing the genetic research involving the Aboriginal population should be implemented.
Legal Regulation of International Commercial Electronic Contracts. Technological and Legal Aspects of Electronic Signature
Authors: Lovtsov D. A. , Terenteva L. V. 
Published: July 2020

In the modern realities of converting document flow to the digital plane, the issues of validity of contracts concluded in electronic form, as well as the conditions for recognizing an electronic signature, are of particular importance. In this regard, the authors turn to the study of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts of 2005, as well as other international trade agreements to clarify their applicability to cross-border contracts concluded in electronic form.In the paper, the authors raise the question of the validity of an electronic cross-border transaction that falls under the regulation of the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 1980, the USSR reservation to which on the inadmissibility of concluding a contract not in writing, but in any form, continues to apply. In this regard, the authors explore the possibility of interpreting article 13 of the 1980 Vienna Convention containing the definition of the "written form", outside of the general rule of interpretation of the provisions of the 1980 Vienna Convention provided for in article 7.Based on the comparative analysis of national and international legal norms, norms of soft law regulating electronic documents, the authors reveal a number of problems arising from the lack of specificity of the mechanism of recognition of foreign electronic signatures in Russia and put forward proposals for their solution. To this end, the authors explore the possibilities of developing international standards for the compatibility of technological algorithms for electronic digital signatures using an asymmetric scheme, based on which foreign certificates of electronic signature keys can be recognized.
Narrative, Temporality and the Modernist City
Authors: Ivana Dragoş 
Published: July 2020

<p>The article explores the idea of temporality in relation to high-modernist literary representations of London. I claim that the modernist metropolis appears as a palimpsest whose memorialising function is upheld by techniques such as fragmentation, citation, myth, allegory, intertextual references or allusions, which question the stereotypical relationship between then and now, subject and site. It does so by deconstructing traditional temporal sequences and by foregrounding a subtle connection between past and present. Thus, the modernist city will be considered as a space of transformation in which the substantialness of space and subjective time translates the elusive meaning of contemporary history. </p><p> </p>
ANTHROPONYMIC STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC DISCOURSE
Authors: E. A. Dolzhich , S. V. Dmitrichenkova 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of the study: The article aims to study the anthroponymy structure of academic discourse based on the material of astronautical corpora. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of specific tasks: to define the terms “anthroponym” and “eponym”, to reveal the structural types of astronautical eponyms, and to identify the functional significance of anthroponyms and eponyms.
Methodology: The method of componential analysis and the descriptive method have been used as the primary research methods applying such techniques as observation, comparison, interpretation, and generalization. The methodological basis of the research includes discourse theory, the theory of precedence, achievements of cognitive linguistics, and studies on problems of terminology.
Main findings: The authors propose to consider anthroponyms and eponymous terms as precedents, which are points of reference in the change of the scientific paradigm, help to systematize scientific knowledge, and navigate in its fund. The results of the study suggest that the anthroponymy structure of academic discourse provides information compression that makes the text concise without reducing information and performs a memorial function.
Applications of this study: The research attempts to contribute to the further study of the academic discourse structure and the analytical description of its components using a cognitive-pragmatic approach. Higher education teachers can use the results of the article in lectures on the theory of academic discourse.
Novelty/originality of this study: Few researchers have addressed astronautical academic discourse, investigating its structural and functional features. This study is the first to analyze the astronautical eponyms as super compressed signs of the precedent research.
Werben jenseits der Illusion
Authors: Ludwig Fabian 
Published: July 2020

Mit ihren neuen Werbespots zeigte das Versandhaus Galaxus diesen Sommer, dass nicht nur mit der Illusion, sondern auch mit dem Durchqueren derselben geworben werden kann. Was dieser Schritt mit den Produkten macht, was wir mit den psychoanalytischen Begriffen machen, und dass wir uns auch in der Enttäuschung täuschen, davon handelt dieser kurze Text.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar PKn Melalui Penerapan Model Pengajaran Terarah Pada Siswa Kelas V SDN Longos III Kecamatan Gapura
Authors: . Riwayanto 
Published: July 2020

Abstrak Perangkat pembelajaran yang menyangkut matri, metode, media alat peraga dan sebagainya harus juga mengalami perubahan kearah pembaharuan ( inovasi). Dengan adanya inovasi tersebut diatas dituntut seorang guru untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif, terutama dalam menentukan model dan metode yang tepat akan sangat menentukan keberhasilan siswa. Pembelajaran PKn di kelas V SDN Longos III Kecamatan Gapura telah disampaikan dengan baik , namun prestasi belajar siswa kelas V ini masih jauh dari KKM yang diharapkan, oleh karenanya diperlukan suatu penyelesaian melalui penelitian tindakan kelas, dan manakala selesai pelaksanaan penelitian ini KKM yang telah ditentutukan telah tercapai atau lebih. Penelitian ini berdasarkan permasalahn (a) Bagaimanakah peningkatan prestasi belajar PKn dengan diterapkannya model Pengajaran Terarah pada siswa kelas V SDN Longos III Kecamatan Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep, semester II tahun pelajaran 2015-2016 (b) Bagaimanakah pengaruh Model Pengajaran Terarah terhadap motivasi belajar PKn pada siswa kelas kelas V SDN Longos III Kecamatan Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep, semester II tahun pelajaran 2015-2016. Sedangkan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (a) ingin mengetahui peningkatan prestasi belajar PKn setelah diterapkannya model Pengajaran Terarah(b) Ingin mengetahui pengaruh motivasi belajar PKn setelah diterapkan model pengajaran Terarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu : rancanan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelaskelas V SDN Longos III Kecamatan Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep, semester II tahun pelajaran 2015-2016 Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dari hasil analis didapatkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus III yaitu, siklus I (73,17%), siklus II (82,93%), siklus III (95,12%), Penelitian selanjutnya tidak perlu dilaksanan karena KKM telah tercapai. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode pembelajaran kooperatif dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap prestasi dan motivasi belajar siswa kelas V SDN Longos III Kecamatan Gapura Kabupaten Sumenep, serta model pembelajarasn ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternative pembelajaran PKn. Kata Kunci : Prestasi, Pengajaran, Terarah