bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pathogenetic mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes in population-based studies conducted among Chinese women
Authors: Zeng Chenjie , Guo Xingyi , Wen Wanqing , Shi Jiajun , Long Jirong , Cai Qiuyin , Shu Xiao-Ou , Xiang Yongbin , Zheng Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate pathogenetic mutations in breast cancer predisposition genes among Chinese women. To fully characterize germline mutations of these genes in this population, we used the whole-exome sequencing data in a population-based case–control study conducted in Shanghai, China.

Methods
We evaluated exonic, splicing, and copy number variants in 11 established and 14 candidate breast cancer predisposition genes in 831 invasive breast cancer cases and 839 controls. We identified 55 pathogenic variants, including 15 newly identified in this study.

Results
Approximately 8% of the cases and 0.6% of the cancer-free controls carried these pathogenetic variants (P = 3.05 × 10−15). Among cases, 3.7% had a BRCA2 pathogenic variant and 1.6% had a BRCA1 pathogenic variant, while 2.5% had a pathogenic variant in other genes including ATM, CHEK2, NBN, NF1, CDH1, PALB2, PTEN, TP53 as well as BARD1, BRIP, and RAD51D. Patients with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants were more likely to have a family history of breast cancer and hormone receptor negative tumors compared with patients without pathogenic variants.

Conclusions
This study highlighted the importance of hereditary breast cancer genes in the breast cancer etiology in this understudied population. Together with previous studies in East Asian women, this study suggested a relatively more prominent role of BRCA2 compared to BRCA1. This study also provides additional evidence to design cost-efficient genetic testing among Chinese women for risk assessment and early detection of breast cancer.
Disseminating Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with a Systematic Self-care Approach to Addressing Secondary Traumatic Stress: PRACTICE What You Preach
Authors: Deblinger Esther , Pollio Elisabeth , Cooper Beth , Steer Robert A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis pilot study evaluated the effectiveness of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) training programs augmented with a systematic “PRACTICE What You Preach” (PWYP) self-care focus, which has trainees personally utilize the coping skills they teach their clients. Participants were 115 clinicians/supervisors who completed a PWYP TF-CBT training program. Pre- to post-training analyses documented significant increases in participants’ competency and fidelity in implementing TF-CBT (ps < .001), significantly more frequent use of coping skills including instrumental social support (p < .01), active coping (p < .001), humor (p < .01), and restraint (p < .01), and significant decreases in secondary traumatic stress (STS; p < .001). Children’s symptoms of PTSD (ps < .001) and behavior problems (p < .05) also decreased significantly. This preliminary evidence suggests that training augmented with PWYP may enhance clinicians’/supervisors’ personal coping and reduce their levels of STS without compromising treatment implementation efforts and client outcomes.
Accountability on the Fly - Accounting for Trouble in Space Operations
Authors: Almklov Petter Grytten , Halvorsen Kristin , Johansen Jens Petter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe International Space Station (ISS) is research infrastructure enabling experiments in a microgravity environment. Building on a study of one of the ground control rooms in the ISS network, this paper concentrates on low-level operators and their efforts to display accountability in situations of trouble and problem solving. While the research infrastructure around the ISS is permeated by structural (bureaucratic) approaches to accountability (routines, procedures, audits and verifications), we discuss how real-time operations require a more dynamic form of continuously (re-)established accountability in the network of operators. In time-critical situations, operators need to establish accountability ‘on the fly’ in order to achieve the necessary agency to operate and troubleshoot their system. One key resource for this is the established voice loop system for synchronous communication. With significant constraints on the form and content of speaking turns, operators need to provide appropriate and recognizable accounts that align with the needs and expectations of the network. Based on an extensive multi-method study, with a focus here on recordings of voice loop interactions, we show how accounts of trouble are designed to manage uncertainty in the larger network, while also positioning the operators as competent and reliable members of the network. Conversely, inadequate accounts create uncertainty and delayed resolution of the issue. The design of accounts on the voice loop is crucial for time-critical articulation work in a distributed collaborative setting. The interactional details on the voice loop provide insights into the production and display of accountability, particularly relevant in networked organizations in which personal relations and trust can only play a marginal role and in which temporal constraints are critical. While the research literature has explored a wide variety of dimensions related to coordination and improvisation in distributed, mediated work environments, this study contributes with insights into the functions of verbal accounts in such contexts and how they may serve to supplement formal systems of accountability.
Chalmers’ Argument from Relativity
Authors: Almäng Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDavid Chalmers has recently argued that Relativity Theory supports the notion that shapes are Twin-Earthable. In this paper this argument is challenged. I reconstruct the argument in five steps where the last step is the conclusion. I proceed to argue that one step in the argument can be interpreted in two different ways. The problem is that on the first interpretation of the step, the conclusion does not follow. And on the second interpretation of the step, it contradicts a previous step in the argument. I conclude that Relativity Theory does not entail that phenomenal and functional twins could represent different shapes.
Development of a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) short form for measuring physical function in geriatric rehabilitation patients
Authors: Smit E. B. , Bouwstra H. , van der Wouden J. C. , Hertogh C. M. P. M. , Wattel E. M. , Roorda L. D. , Terwee C. B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and test the validity of a Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) short form for measuring physical function of geriatric rehabilitation patients.

Methods
Experts selected items from the Dutch-Flemish PROMIS v1.2 Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) item bank and proposed new items to develop the PROMIS-PF short form for geriatric rehabilitation (PROMIS-PF-GR). Patients evaluated its content validity. Structural validity was assessed by evaluating unidimensionality (confirmatory, exploratory, and bi-factor analyses [criterion: Omega H > 0.80 and ECV > 0.60]), local independence (criterion: residual correlation < 0.20) ,and monotonicity (criterion: Hi-coefficient ≥ 0.30). Measurement invariance was assessed by evaluating Differential Item Functioning (DIF) between geriatric rehabilitation patients and people from the general population using ordinal logistic regression. Internal consistency was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha (criterion: alpha ≥ 0.70).

Results
Experts selected 24 items from the PROMIS-PF item bank and proposed one new item which was not included in the short form. Patients considered the 24 items relevant and containing essential information. The PROMIS-PF-GR’s psychometric properties were evaluated in 207 patients (mean age ± SD, 80.0 ± 8.3 year; 58% female). The 24 items were found to be sufficiently unidimensional (Omega H = 0.82, ECV = 0.70), locally independent (98.7% item pairs), and monotone (all ≥ 0.32). Five items were flagged for DIF, but their impact on the total score was negligible. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94.

Conclusion
The PROMIS-PF-GR was developed from the PROMIS-PF and has good content validity, structural validity, measurement invariance, and internal consistency in Dutch geriatric rehabilitation patients. We recommend to confirm the content validity of the PROMIS-PF-GR in other countries.
Multidisciplinary consensus statement on the clinical management of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Martin-Perez E. , Domínguez-Muñoz J. E. , Botella-Romero F. , Cerezo L. , Matute Teresa F. , Serrano T. , Vera R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most aggressive tumors with an increasing incidence rate and reduced survival. Although surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for PC, only 15–20% of patients are resectable at diagnosis. To select the most appropriate treatment and thus improve outcomes, the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for each patient with PC should be discussed within a multidisciplinary expert team. Clinical decision-making should be evidence-based, considering the staging of the tumor, the performance status and preferences of the patient. The aim of this guideline is to provide practical and evidence-based recommendations for the management of PC.
Handling of Sore Noses: a Proof of Concept
Authors: Wurzer-Materna Nadine , Thieme Uta , Werdier Dieter , Meiser Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDryness and soreness of the anterior part of the nose frequently occur and hinder patients’ quality of life. Nasal ointments are broadly applied in such cases, bringing about at least subjective improvement of clinical signs and symptoms. The mode of action of such treatments is occlusion of the wounded skin parts, which is commonly already achieved by the ointment base. However, the clinical benefit of such treatments has yet to be proven. In this trial, 100 patients suffering from soreness of the anterior part of the nose were randomized to receive either an anhydrous nasal ointment or no local treatment. Area under the curve built from daily average scores of the symptoms sensation of dryness, soreness, scaliness, and pain, evaluated by the patients on a daily basis over a period of 9 days, was the predefined primary endpoint of this trial. Symptoms were furthermore assessed by the physicians, and patients allocated to the treatment group assessed their perceptions on the use of the nasal ointment on the initiation and the close-out visit. Clinical signs and symptoms improved significantly between the initial and close-out visits in both ointment and control groups. However, treatment with the nasal ointment proved to be significantly superior to no therapy. Both evaluation of patients’ perceptions of the treatment and tolerability assessment substantiate the safe and efficacious use of the tested nasal ointment.
Operating systems reaching end of life – don't put yourself at risk
Authors: Puglia Mike 
Published: April 2020

Are you currently running an unsupported operating system or one that is likely to be unsupported in the near future? If so, you should not only be planning to move to the latest version but starting to make that switch immediately. If you are running an unsupported operating system, or one likely to be unsupported in the near future, you need to plan a move to the latest version – and do it now. Using operating systems that have already passed end of life (EOL) is risky, and waiting to address the issue will only increase the risk. Take inventory of your IT environment, examine your options and develop a plan before you migrate. And complete the migration in phases, if possible, says Mike Puglia of Kaseya.
Embryology of Spinal Dysraphism and its Relationship to Surgical Treatment
Authors: Eagles Matthew E. , Gupta Nalin 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:Spinal dysraphism is an umbrella term that encompasses a number of congenital malformations that affect the central nervous system. The etiology of these conditions can be traced back to a specific defect in embryological development, with the more disabling malformations occurring at an earlier gestational age. A thorough understanding of the relevant neuroembryology is imperative for clinicians to select the correct treatment and prevent complications associated with spinal dysraphism. This paper will review the neuroembryology associated with the various forms of spinal dysraphism and provide a clinical-pathological correlation for these congenital malformations.
Developing a Valid and Reliable Gender Analysis Tool Applied in Disaster Management: A Community-Based Survey
Authors: Sohrabizadeh Sanaz , Shabanikiya Hamid Reza , Kavousi Amir , Safarpour Hamid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectives:Women and men are assigned roles and responsibilities based on their gender in all contexts. Measuring gender-based differences through gender analysis can help understand who will be at greater risk in disasters. Thus, the present study is aimed to develop a valid and reliable gender analysis tool to collect accurate and necessary gender-disaggregated information in disaster-affected regions.Methods:A mix method approach using qualitative and quantitative studies was applied for conducting this study. A total of 20 people affected by the earthquakes and floods and 10 key informants were interviewed in the qualitative stage. The validity and reliability of the tool were measured using the experts as well as women and men living in the destroyed villages of Razavi Khorasan province during the quantitative stage. The Graneheim approach and SPSS software were used to analyze the data collected in both stages.Results:At the first stage, 7 categories were extracted from the data, namely, livelihood status, social status, health, household/family management, reconstruction, welfare and educational facilities, and disaster prevention. The results of content validity ratio (0.69) and content validity index (0.88) confirmed that the tool is valid. The amount of Cronbach’s alpha (0.75) and test-retest (0.83) examination indicated that the tool was also reliable. The results of content validity and reliability measurements approved that the gender analysis tool can be applied for postdisaster gender analysis surveys.Conclusions:It is highly suggested to use the information provided by the gender analysis tool for future disaster management plans, programs, and policies in health systems.
High-power long-wave infrared laser based on polarization beam coupling technique
Authors: Shen Yingjie , Qian Chuanpeng , Duan Xiaoming , Lan Ruijun 
Published: April 2020

We demonstrated a high-power long-wave infrared laser based on a polarization beam coupling technique. An average output power at

$8.3~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$

of 7.0 W was achieved at a maximum available pump power of 107.6 W, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion of 6.5%. The coupling efficiency of the polarization coupling system was calculated to be approximately 97.2%. With idler single resonance operation, a good beam quality factor of

${\sim}1.8$

combined with an output wavelength of

$8.3~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$

was obtained at the maximum output power.
The Evolution of the Tang Political Elite and its Marriage Network
Authors: Tackett Nicolas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHow did the Tang political elite evolve between the seventh and ninth centuries? Using network analysis and a large prosopographic database, this article approaches this question from four perspectives: the marriage network of political elites, the backgrounds of chief ministers, the composition of the capital elite during three time slices, and the makeup of the provincial elite. Despite important continuities in the elite marriage network's basic structure, there were also significant discontinuities. Between the seventh and eighth centuries, Luoyang emerged as a secondary political center, and Luoyang-based families—including so-called “marriage-ban” clans—acquired a renewed significance, partly at the expense of old southern clans, whose political significance declined over the course of the dynasty. In addition, the political divide between capital and provinces grew over time, culminating in the ninth century with capital-based men occupying nearly all significant provincial posts and provincials serving only locally and in second-tier offices.
A mid-Palaeozoic ocean–continent transition in the Mazongshan subduction–accretion complex, Beishan, NW China: new structural, chemical and age data constrain the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution
Authors: Wang J.-X. , Zhang K.-X. , Windley Brian F. , Song B.-W. , Kou X.-H. , Wang S.-D. , Wang L.-J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAccretionary orogens contain key evidence for the conversion of oceanic to continental crust. The late tectonic history and closure time of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean are recorded in the Mazongshan subduction–accretion complex in the southern Beishan margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. We present new data on the structure, petrology, geochemistry and zircon U–Pb isotope ages of the Mazongshan subduction–accretion complex, which is a tectonic mélange with a block-in-matrix structure. The blocks are of serpentinized peridotite, basalt, gabbro, basaltic andesite, chert and seamount sediments within a matrix that is mainly composed of fore-arc-trench turbidites. U–Pb zircon ages of two gabbros are 454.6 ± 2.5 Ma and 434.1 ± 3.6 Ma, an andesite has a U–Pb zircon age of 451.3 ± 3.5 Ma and a tuffaceous slate has the youngest U–Pb zircon age of 353.6 ± 5.1 Ma. These new isotopic ages, combined with published data on ophiolitic mélanges from central Beishan, indicate that the subduction–accretion of Beishan in the southernmost Central Asian Orogenic Belt lasted until Late Ordovician – Early Carboniferous time. Structure and age data demonstrate that the younging direction of accretion was southwards and that the subduction zone dipped continuously to the north. Accordingly, these results record the conversion of oceanic to continental crust in the southern Beishan accretionary collage.
Assessment of physico-chemical changes in UHT milk during storage at different temperatures
Authors: Ranvir Suvartan , Sharma Rajan , Gandhi Kamal , Mann Bimlesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research communication describes enzymatic and physico-chemical changes during storage of UHT milk. The UHT milk sample was stored at 5 and 30°C for 4 months and analyzed regularly at intervals of one month. During storage of UHT milk, there was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in non-protein nitrogen, non-casein nitrogen, soluble calcium, soluble magnesium and proteolysis, while a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in pH was observed. There was a slight change in the particle size and zeta potential of casein micelles. Changes were more pronounced in milk samples stored at 30°C than in those stored at 5°C. During storage, there occurred changes in pH, viscosity, salt balance and nitrogenous components which adversely affected quality. It was concluded that the proteolysis led to the acidification which had a destabilizing effect on the milk.
Effects of Irrigation on Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen Budgets in a Semiarid Watershed in the Pacific Northwest: A Modeling Study
Authors: Zhu Bowen , Huang Maoyi , Cheng Yanyan , Xie Xianhong , Liu Ying , Zhang Xuesong , Bisht Gautam , Chen Xingyuan , Missik Justine , Liu Heping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we use the Community Land Model Version 5 (CLM5) to investigate how irrigation modulates hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics in the Upper Columbia‐Priest Rapids (UCPR) watershed, a typical semiarid watershed located in the northwestern United States dominated by cropland. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first application of CLM5 with landscape heterogeneity fully resolved over a watershed. The model is calibrated and evaluated against flux measurements from an AmeriFlux site and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. Two numerical experiments (i.e., irrigated and rainfed) are performed at hyperresolution (~1 km) over the period of 2010–2018, accounting for realistic crop types and management practices. Our results show that irrigation fundamentally alters hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics of the watershed. By adding 79.6 mm year−1 water in addition to the mean annual precipitation of 204.0 mm year−1, irrigation leads to increases in evapotranspiration and runoff, accompanied by shallower groundwater table depths. Increases in crop productivity in response to irrigation result in more carbon storage in the watershed, and drastically large seasonal fluctuations in soil organic carbon in response to changes in soil temperature and moisture. Irrigation also intensifies the rate of denitrification and mineralization during the growing season, enhancing the interactions between soil mineral nitrogen, the atmosphere, and freshwater systems. Our study demonstrates the potential of CLM5 as an effective tool for understanding hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics in highly managed semiarid watersheds.
Genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization analyses for leisure sedentary behaviours
Authors: van de Vegte Yordi J. , Said M. Abdullah , Rienstra Michiel , van der Harst Pim , Verweij Niek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLeisure sedentary behaviours are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but whether this relationship is causal is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify genetic determinants associated with leisure sedentary behaviours and to estimate the potential causal effect on coronary artery disease (CAD). Genome wide association analyses of leisure television watching, leisure computer use and driving behaviour in the UK Biobank identify 145, 36 and 4 genetic loci (P < 1×10−8), respectively. High genetic correlations are observed between sedentary behaviours and neurological traits, including education and body mass index (BMI). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis estimates a causal effect between 1.5 hour increase in television watching and CAD (OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.25–1.66, P = 5.63 × 10−07), that is partially independent of education and BMI in multivariable MR analyses. This study finds independent observational and genetic support for the hypothesis that increased sedentary behaviour by leisure television watching is a risk factor for CAD.
Exploiting evolutionary steering to induce collateral drug sensitivity in cancer
Authors: Acar Ahmet , Nichol Daniel , Fernandez-Mateos Javier , Cresswell George D. , Barozzi Iros , Hong Sung Pil , Trahearn Nicholas , Spiteri Inmaculada , Stubbs Mark , Burke Rosemary , Stewart Adam , Caravagna Giulio , Werner Benjamin , Vlachogiannis Georgios , Maley Carlo C. , Magnani Luca , Valeri Nicola , Banerji Udai , Sottoriva Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrug resistance mediated by clonal evolution is arguably the biggest problem in cancer therapy today. However, evolving resistance to one drug may come at a cost of decreased fecundity or increased sensitivity to another drug. These evolutionary trade-offs can be exploited using ‘evolutionary steering’ to control the tumour population and delay resistance. However, recapitulating cancer evolutionary dynamics experimentally remains challenging. Here, we present an approach for evolutionary steering based on a combination of single-cell barcoding, large populations of 108–109 cells grown without re-plating, longitudinal non-destructive monitoring of cancer clones, and mathematical modelling of tumour evolution. We demonstrate evolutionary steering in a lung cancer model, showing that it shifts the clonal composition of the tumour in our favour, leading to collateral sensitivity and proliferative costs. Genomic profiling revealed some of the mechanisms that drive evolved sensitivity. This approach allows modelling evolutionary steering strategies that can potentially control treatment resistance.