bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental and Peer Influence on Church Attendance among Adolescent Anglicans in England and Wales
Authors: Francis Leslie J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrawing on data from a survey conducted among 7,059 students aged 13–15 in England and Wales, this study examines parental and peer influence on church attendance among 645 students who identified themselves as Anglicans (Church of England or Church in Wales). The data demonstrated that young Anglicans who practised their Anglican identity by attending church did so primarily because their parents were Anglican churchgoers. Moreover, young Anglican churchgoers were most likely to keep going to church if their churchgoing parents also talked with them about their faith. Among this age group of Anglicans, peer support seemed insignificant in comparison with parental support. The implication from these findings for an Anglican Church strategy for ministry among children and young people is that it may be wise to invest in the education and formation of churchgoing Anglican parents.
Processes Controlling Sea Surface pH and Aragonite Saturation State in a Large Northern Temperate Bay: Contrasting Temperature Effects
Authors: Xue Liang , Yang Xufeng , Li Yunxiao , Li Laoyu , Jiang Li‐Qing , Xin Ming , Wang Zongxing , Sun Xia , Wei Qinsheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the natural variability of pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) is important for assessing ocean acidification (OA) impacts especially in the coastal ocean since anthropogenic CO2 increase‐induced OA is often superimposed by their natural variability. Here, we report the seasonal variability of sea surface pH and Ωarag from spring to summer in the Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) and compare their controls based on two cruises conducted in April and August 2018. Results show that sea surface pH on the NBS scale slightly increases from 8.10 ± 0.05 in spring to 8.13 ± 0.04 in summer, whereas surface Ωarag substantially increases from 2.05 ± 0.18 in spring to 3.34 ± 0.25 in summer. The difference in pH and Ωarag seasonal increase is related to the contrasting temperature effects on them, which can be divided into the first temperature effect associated with acid‐base equilibrium of the CO2 system and the second temperature effect associated with CO2 solubility‐driven air‐sea exchange. The two temperature effects have opposite influences on pH, canceling each other and causing a relatively small seasonal variability of pH, while they have consistent influences on Ωarag, reinforcing each other and causing a relatively large variability of Ωarag. Also, through both qualitative analyses and a 1‐D model, we identify the processes controlling the seasonal variability of pH and Ωarag. We find air‐sea exchange dominates the seasonal variability of pH and Ωarag in nearshore areas, while biological production is the most important in the central part of the JZB.
Association between famine exposure in early life with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction in adulthood
Authors: Wang Yuying , Wan Heng , Chen Chi , Chen Yi , Xia Fangzhen , Han Bing , Li Qin , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Famine exposure in early life was associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome, etc. But evidence in early famine exposure and insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction were limited. We aimed to investigate whether the association existed between famine exposure in early life and beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in adulthood.

Methods
In all, 7912 non-diabetic participants were included in this study, based on SPECT-China study. Participants with fetal or childhood famine exposure (birth year 1949–1962) were exposure group. Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Beta cell function, represented by insulin secretion, was estimated by the disposition index. The associations of famine exposure with HOMA-IR and disposition index were assessed via linear regression.

Results
In men, we did not observe a significant association between early life famine exposure and ln(HOMA-IR) in all three models (P > 0.05 for all). However, in women, early life famine exposure were found to have significant association with ln(HOMA-IR) after adjustments for urbanization, severity of famine exposure, current smoker, waist circumference, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (unstandardized coefficients 0.055, 95% confidence interval 0.021, 0.088, P = 0.001). Early life famine exposure was observed to be negatively associated with ln(disposition index) after adjustments for the above potential confounders, both in men (model 3: unstandardized coefficients −0.042, 95% confidence interval −0.072,−0.012, P = 0.006) and women (model 3: unstandardized coefficients −0.033, 95% confidence interval −0.058,−0.009, P = 0.008).

Conclusions
In conclusion, exposure to famine in fetal- and childhood- life period is associated with beta cell dysfunction in males and females without diabetes, but early life famine exposure was only associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic females. These results indicate that malnutrition in early life period may offer a modifiable factor for type 2 diabetes development.
Genome and sequence determinants governing the expression of horizontally acquired DNA in bacteria
Authors: Gomes Antonio L C , Johns Nathan I , Yang Anthony , Velez-Cortes Florencia , Smillie Christopher S , Smith Mark B , Alm Eric J , Wang Harris H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
While horizontal gene transfer is prevalent across the biosphere, the regulatory features that enable expression and functionalization of foreign DNA remain poorly understood. Here, we combine high-throughput promoter activity measurements and large-scale genomic analysis of regulatory regions to investigate the cross-compatibility of regulatory elements (REs) in bacteria. Functional characterization of thousands of natural REs in three distinct bacterial species revealed distinct expression patterns according to RE and recipient phylogeny. Host capacity to activate foreign promoters was proportional to their genomic GC content, while many low GC regulatory elements were both broadly active and had more transcription start sites across hosts. The difference in expression capabilities could be explained by the influence of the host GC content on the stringency of the AT-rich canonical σ70 motif necessary for transcription initiation. We further confirm the generalizability of this model and find widespread GC content adaptation of the σ70 motif in a set of 1,545 genomes from all major bacterial phyla. Our analysis identifies a key mechanism by which the strength of the AT-rich σ70 motif relative to a host’s genomic GC content governs the capacity for expression of acquired DNA. These findings shed light on regulatory adaptation in the context of evolving genomic composition.
Molecular mechanosensors in osteocytes
Authors: Qin Lei , Liu Wen , Cao Huiling , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOsteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and phosphate metabolism, osteocytes are the major responsive cells in force adaptation due to mechanical stimulation. Mechanically induced bone formation and adaptation, disuse-induced bone loss and skeletal fragility are mediated by osteocytes, which sense local mechanical cues and respond to these cues in both direct and indirect ways. The mechanotransduction process in osteocytes is a complex but exquisite regulatory process between cells and their environment, between neighboring cells, and between different functional mechanosensors in individual cells. Over the past two decades, great efforts have focused on finding various mechanosensors in osteocytes that transmit extracellular mechanical signals into osteocytes and regulate responsive gene expression. The osteocyte cytoskeleton, dendritic processes, Integrin-based focal adhesions, connexin-based intercellular junctions, primary cilium, ion channels, and extracellular matrix are the major mechanosensors in osteocytes reported so far with evidence from both in vitro and in vitro studies. This review aims to give a systematic introduction to osteocyte mechanobiology, provide details of osteocyte mechanosensors, and discuss the roles of osteocyte mechanosensitive signaling pathways in the regulation of bone homeostasis.
Endogenously produced LG3/4/5-peptide protects testes against toxicant-induced injury
Authors: Li Linxi , Mao Baiping , Wu Siwen , Li Huitao , Lv Lixiu , Ge Renshan , Cheng C. Yan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLaminin-α2 chain is one of the major constituent proteins of the basement membrane in the mammalian testis. The laminin-type globular (LG) domains of LG3, 4 and 5 (LG3/4/5, an 80 kDa fragment) can be cleaved from laminin-α2 chain at the C-terminus via the action of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). This LG3/4/5 is a biologically active fragment, capable of modulating the Sertoli cell blood–testis barrier (BTB) function by tightening the barrier both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of LG3/4/5 cloned into a mammalian expression vector pCI-neo in Sertoli cells in a Sertoli cell in vitro model with a functional BTB also protected Sertoli cells from cadmium chloride (CdCl2, an environmental toxicant) mediated cell injury. Importantly, overexpression of LG3/4/5 in the testis in vivo was found to block or rescue cadmium-induced BTB disruption and testis injury. LG3/4/5 was found to exert its BTB and spermatogenesis promoting effects through corrective spatiotemporal expression of actin- and MT-based regulatory proteins by maintaining the cytoskeletons in the testis, illustrating the therapeutic implication of this novel bioactive fragment.
Circular RNA circSLC25A16 contributes to the glycolysis of non-small-cell lung cancer through epigenetic modification
Authors: Shangguan Hong , Feng Hong , Lv Dongxiao , Wang Junfei , Tian Tian , Wang Xingwen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence has highlighted the roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, their roles in NSCLC glycolysis remains poorly understood. CircRNAs microarray profiles discovered a novel exon-derived circRNA, circSLC25A16 (hsa_circ_0018534), in NSCLC tissue samples. In NSCLC samples, high-expression of circSLC25A16 was associated with unfavorable prognosis. Cellular experiments revealed that circSLC25A16 accelerated the glycolysis and proliferation of NSCLC cells. Besides, circSLC25A16 knockdown repressed the in vivo growth by xenograft assays. RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) illustrated that circSLC25A16 and miR-488-3p were both located in cytoplasm. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that circSLC25A16 interacts with miR-488-3p/HIF-1α, which activates lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) by facilitating its transcription. Collectively, present research reveals the crucial function of circSLC25A16 on NSCLC glycolysis through miR-488-3p/HIF-1α/LDHA, suggesting the underlying pathogenesis for NSCLC and providing a therapeutic strategy for precise treatment.
Bayesian reassessment of the epigenetic architecture of complex traits
Authors: Trejo Banos Daniel , McCartney Daniel L. , Patxot Marion , Anchieri Lucas , Battram Thomas , Christiansen Colette , Costeira Ricardo , Walker Rosie M. , Morris Stewart W. , Campbell Archie , Zhang Qian , Porteous David J. , McRae Allan F. , Wray Naomi R. , Visscher Peter M. , Haley Chris S. , Evans Kathryn L. , Deary Ian J. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Hemani Gibran , Bell Jordana T. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Robinson Matthew R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLinking epigenetic marks to clinical outcomes improves insight into molecular processes, disease prediction, and therapeutic target identification. Here, a statistical approach is presented to infer the epigenetic architecture of complex disease, determine the variation captured by epigenetic effects, and estimate phenotype-epigenetic probe associations jointly. Implicitly adjusting for probe correlations, data structure (cell-count or relatedness), and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker effects, improves association estimates and in 9,448 individuals, 75.7% (95% CI 71.70–79.3) of body mass index (BMI) variation and 45.6% (95% CI 37.3–51.9) of cigarette consumption variation was captured by whole blood methylation array data. Pathway-linked probes of blood cholesterol, lipid transport and sterol metabolism for BMI, and xenobiotic stimuli response for smoking, showed >1.5 times larger associations with >95% posterior inclusion probability. Prediction accuracy improved by 28.7% for BMI and 10.2% for smoking over a LASSO model, with age-, and tissue-specificity, implying associations are a phenotypic consequence rather than causal.
Room temperature organic exciton–polariton condensate in a lattice
Authors: Dusel M. , Betzold S. , Egorov O. A. , Klembt S. , Ohmer J. , Fischer U. , Höfling S. , Schneider C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInteracting Bosons in artificial lattices have emerged as a modern platform to explore collective manybody phenomena and exotic phases of matter as well as to enable advanced on-chip simulators. On chip, exciton–polaritons emerged as a promising system to implement and study bosonic non-linear systems in lattices, demanding cryogenic temperatures. We discuss an experiment conducted on a polaritonic lattice at ambient conditions: We utilize fluorescent proteins providing ultra-stable Frenkel excitons. Their soft nature allows for mechanically shaping them in the photonic lattice. We demonstrate controlled loading of the coherent condensate in distinct orbital lattice modes of different symmetries. Finally, we explore the self-localization of the condensate in a gap-state, driven by the interplay of effective interaction and negative effective mass in our lattice. We believe that this work establishes organic polaritons as a serious contender to the well-established GaAs platform for a wide range of applications relying on coherent Bosons in lattices.
Ocean and land forcing of the record-breaking Dust Bowl heatwaves across central United States
Authors: Cowan Tim , Hegerl Gabriele C. , Schurer Andrew , Tett Simon F. B. , Vautard Robert , Yiou Pascal , Jézéquel Aglaé , Otto Friederike E. L. , Harrington Luke J. , Ng Benjamin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe severe drought of the 1930s Dust Bowl decade coincided with record-breaking summer heatwaves that contributed to the socio-economic and ecological disaster over North America’s Great Plains. It remains unresolved to what extent these exceptional heatwaves, hotter than in historically forced coupled climate model simulations, were forced by sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and exacerbated through human-induced deterioration of land cover. Here we show, using an atmospheric-only model, that anomalously warm North Atlantic SSTs enhance heatwave activity through an association with drier spring conditions resulting from weaker moisture transport. Model devegetation simulations, that represent the wide-spread exposure of bare soil in the 1930s, suggest human activity fueled stronger and more frequent heatwaves through greater evaporative drying in the warmer months. This study highlights the potential for the amplification of naturally occurring extreme events like droughts by vegetation feedbacks to create more extreme heatwaves in a warmer world.
Coupling magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy in hybrid nanorods for mechanochromic responses
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Jin Jianbo , Yang Fan , Song Ningning , Yin Yadong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMechanochromic response is of great importance in designing bionic robot systems and colorimetric devices. Unfortunately, compared to mimicking motions of natural creatures, fabricating mechanochromic systems with programmable colorimetric responses remains challenging. Herein, we report the development of unconventional mechanochromic films based on hybrid nanorods integrated with magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy. Magnetic-plasmonic hybrid nanorods have been synthesized through a unique space-confined seed-mediated process, which represents an open platform for preparing next-generation complex nanostructures. By coupling magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy, the plasmonic excitation of the hybrid nanorods could be collectively regulated using magnetic fields. It facilitates convenient incorporation of the hybrid nanorods into polymer films with a well-controlled orientation and enables sensitive colorimetric changes in response to linear and angular motions. The combination of unique synthesis and convenient magnetic alignment provides an advanced approach for designing programmable mechanochromic devices with the desired precision, flexibility, and scalability.
Evidence-based guidelines for managing patients with primary ER+ HER2− breast cancer deferred from surgery due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Dowsett Mitch , Ellis Matthew J. , Dixon J. Michael , Gluz Oleg , Robertson John , Kates Ronald , Suman Vera J. , Turnbull Arran K. , Nitz Ulrike , Christgen Matthias , Kreipe Hans , Kuemmel Sherko , Bliss Judith M. , Barry Peter , Johnston Stephen R. , Jacobs Samuel A. , Ma Cynthia X. , Smith Ian E. , Harbeck Nadia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany patients with ER+ HER2− primary breast cancer are being deferred from surgery to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NeoET) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have collated data from multiple international trials of presurgical endocrine therapy in order to provide guidance on the identification of patients who may have insufficiently endocrine-sensitive tumors and should be prioritised for early surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy rather than NeoET during or in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic for safety or when surgical activity needs to be prioritized. For postmenopausal patients, our data provide strong support for the use of ER and PgR status at diagnosis for triaging of patients into three groups in which (taking into account clinical factors): (i) NeoET is likely to be inappropriate (Allred ER <6 or ER 6 and PgR <6) (ii) a biopsy for Ki67 analysis (on-treatment Ki67) could be considered after 2–4 weeks of NeoET (a: ER 7 or 8 and PgR <6 or b: ER 6 or 7 and PgR ≥6) or (iii) NeoET is an acceptable course of action (ER 8 and PgR ≥6). Cut-offs for percentage of cells positive are also given. For group (ii), a high early on-treatment level of Ki67 (>10%) indicates a higher priority for early surgery. Too few data were available for premenopausal patients to provide a similar treatment algorithm. These guidelines should be helpful for managing patients with early ER+ HER2− breast cancer during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis.
Redox mechanisms of conversion of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by graphene oxide-polymer composite
Authors: Bandara P. C. , Peña-Bahamonde J. , Rodrigues D. F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlternative methods of aqueous chromium removal have been of great research interest in recent years as Cr (VI) is a highly toxic compound causing severe human health effects. To achieve better removal of Cr (VI), it is essential to understand the chemical reactions that lead to the successful removal of Cr species from the solution. Recent studies have demonstrated that graphene oxide (GO) based polymer beads cannot only adsorb Cr (VI) via electrostatic attractions but also reduce it to Cr (III), which is a much less toxic form of chromium. This conversion and the functional groups involved in this conversion, until now, were not elucidated. In the present study, we employed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate the conversion pathway of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) in graphene-based polymer beads. The results showed that alcoholic groups are converted to carboxylic groups while reducing Cr (VI) to Cr (III). The inclusion of GO in the polymer beads dramatically increased the potential of Cr (VI) uptake and conversion to Cr (III), indicating polymers and nanomaterials containing alcohol groups can remove and convert chromium in water. Other functional groups present in the polymer bead play an important role in adsorption but are not involved in the conversion of Cr (VI) to Cr (III).
Pattern contrast influences wariness in naïve predators towards aposematic patterns
Authors: Halpin C. G. , Penacchio O. , Lovell P. G. , Cuthill I. C. , Harris J. M. , Skelhorn J. , Rowe C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn apparent and common feature of aposematic patterns is that they contain a high level of achromatic (luminance) contrast, for example, many warning signals combine black spots and stripes with a lighter colour such as yellow. However, the potential importance of achromatic contrast, as distinct from colour contrast, in reducing predation has been largely overlooked. Here, using domestic chicks as a model predator, we manipulated the degree of achromatic contrast in warning patterns to test if high luminance contrast in aposematic signals is important for deterring naïve predators. We found that the chicks were less likely to approach and eat prey with high contrast compared to low contrast patterns. These findings suggest that aposematic prey patterns with a high luminance contrast can benefit from increased survival through eliciting unlearned biases in naïve avian predators. Our work also highlights the importance of considering luminance contrast in future work investigating why aposematic patterns take the particular forms that they do.
Simple ammonium salts acting on sigma-1 receptors yield potential treatments for cancer and depression
Authors: Brimson James M. , Akula Kiran K. , Abbas Haider , Ferry David R. , Kulkarni Shrinivas K. , Russell Steven T. , Tisdale Michael J. , Tencomnao Tewin , Safrany Stephen T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors are emerging therapeutic targets. We have identified that simple ammonium salts bind to these receptors and are effective in vivo. Radioligand binding assays were used to obtain structure-activity relationships of these salts. MTS assays were performed to determine their effect on growth in MCF7 and MDA-MB-486 cells. Anticancer properties were tested in NMRI mice transplanted with a fragment of mouse adenocarcinoma (MAC13). Antidepressant activity was tested using the forced-swim test and tail suspension tests. Dipentylammonium (Ki 43 nM), tripentylammonium (Ki 15 nM) and trihexylammonium (Ki 9 nM) showed high affinity for the sigma-1 receptor. Dioctanoylammonium had the highest affinity (K50 0.05 nM); this also showed the highest affinity for sigma-2 receptors (Ki 13 nM). Dipentylammonium was found to have antidepressant activity in vivo. Branched-chain ammonium salts showed lower affinity. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)ammonium (K50 29 µM), triisopentylammonium (K50 196 µM) and dioctanoylammonium showed a low Hill slope, and fitted a 2-site binding model for the sigma-1 receptor. We propose this two-site binding can be used to biochemically define a sigma-1 receptor antagonist. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)ammonium and triisopentylammonium were able to inhibit the growth of tumours in vivo. Cheap, simple ammonium salts act as sigma-1 receptor agonists and antagonists in vivo and require further investigation.