bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the static and dynamic behavior of BCC lattice structure with quatrefoil node manufactured using fused deposition modelling additive manufacturing
Authors: Azmi M S , Ismail R , Hasan R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a vibration characteristics of BCC lattice structure with quatrefoil node which has been made using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing (AM) technique. By conducting vibration testing, the effect of strut diameter design parameter on the natural frequency values of the BCC lattice structure with quatrefoil node is investigated. The results showed that the natural frequency values of the lattice structure material can be greatly affected by the strut diameter sizes due to increase in stiffness as the strut diameter increases. The mathematical equation is also derived to calculate the total area moments of inertia of the lattice structure model and the validity of this developed model is shown through comparison of the results with experimental work of the three-point bending test which shown similar increase trend. Thus, this study provides information on the influence of strut diameter design parameter on its vibration characteristic.
Investigation on machining performance of TiB2 and TiN coatings with modified cutting insert in AISI 1017 turning
Authors: Zainal Amirul , Hafizu Zakaria Mohd , Anwar Che Ghani Saiful 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the last decades machining methods have witnessed an advancement in both cutting tools’ geometry and hard coatings, sometimes in combination with Ti-based coating. In the present study, the machining performance of adhesion resistant Ti-based coating materials with modified cutting insert on tool wear was investigated in turning AISI 1017 carbon steel. TiB2 and TiN hard coatings with similar layer thickness produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique were considered as coating film for 1 mm thick tungsten carbide with Co binder cutting tools. The machining performance was evaluated mainly by surface roughness, cutting temperature and correlated in terms of tool wear. Through a set of experiments, modified cutting insert coated with TiB2 exhibited about 24-33% improvement in tool wear compared to TiN coated insert. The results from this study show that TiB2 coating can be used as coating material for cutting tool but further research on tribology and sustainability along with cutting dynamics study are prerequisites for commercial application of this coating material in the mainstream.
Three-point bending response of Laser-Welded Sandwich Structure with varying number of core and span length
Authors: Romli N K , Xiaoxia Jiang , Sofie S M , Rejab M R M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Laser welding offered multiple benefits for production of all-metal and hybrid-metal sandwich structure. Deep penetration of laser welding required high energy intensity and low heat input. Normally, steel sandwich structure dominated failure features. The objective of this study to investigate the failure of laser-welded sandwich structure under three-point bending test. Bending deformation of the sandwich structure was studied with numerical modelling. The sandwich panels were studied on different number of core and span length of experimental. The role of core number to determine overall deformation and local failure response of the sandwich panel were studied. Face and web plates were assembled perpendicularly via fibre laser welding. The sandwich panel modelled by using Abaqus to predict response of the sandwich panel under bending loading. The aim of this study to compare response of laser-welded sandwich panel from experimental work and numerical modelling. Different span length and core number affected cell wall buckling in corrugated core system. The comparison result showed good agreement with experimental measurements. Percentage error between experimental and FE analysis was 25.60%.
Direct thermal method pouring temperature and holding time effect on aluminium alloy 6061 microstructure
Authors: Benjunior B , Ahmad A H , Rashidi M M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The microstructure variances of aluminium 6061 billet produce via direct thermal method with different pouring temperature and holding time are presented in this paper. The direct thermal method is one of the methods to create globular microstructure feedstock billet, which gives the material a thixotropic behaviour during semisolid metal processing. In this experimental work, a molten aluminium 6061 was poured into cylindrical copper mould before quenched in water at room temperature. The effect of pouring temperature of 660°C and 700°C and holding time of 20s and 60s were observed from the microstructure formation. The result shows that the combination of a pouring temperature of 660°C with a 20s holding time produces a finer near globular microstructure. These fines near globular microstructures gives a thixotropic behaviour improvement in better fluidity for a better flow during shaping. The pouring temperature just slightly above the liquidus temperature provides slower cooling rates from above to below the liquidus temperature. This process causes less superheat to be extracted by the cylindrical copper mould and gives a slow cooling rate action during the solidification stage that promotes the formation of further nuclei, which results in smaller grain size. The result also shows the combination of the lowest pouring temperature of 660°C with the lowest holding time of 20s produced the smallest grain size measured in area. However, the circularity and aspect ratio that indicates globular shape grain has a slight change in result which indicates that every feedstock billet has a near globular grain size. In conclusion, this work has shown that specific combination of pouring temperature and holding time has an effect on the microstructure formation of the feedstock billet produced by using direct thermal method.
A conceptual method for developing a Torso Assisted Orthopedic Support Brace (TAOSB) device for people with spinal deformities
Authors: Ravi T , Ranganathan Rajesh , Arumugam Sivasankar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a concept for design, analysis and development of Torso Assisted Orthopedic Support Brace (TAOSB) device for the unique rehabilitation needs of Camptocormia patients. TAOSB device will facilitate an upright posture and also give assistance to bend and perform the daily activities such as using toilet, cooking, gardening, etc., Posture Instability (Stooped Posture) as being the preeminent reason for the Fear of Falling (FOF), this TAOSB will aid to reduce the FOF. Considering the moral values of the patients the device needs to be developed to meet the aesthetic needs and comforts which can be achieved through body fitted individual customization by using Additive Manufacturing Technology. This paper concludes with the need for relevant force and moment calculations based on the individual height and weight needs to be considered for developing the TAOSB device with adequate strength and safety aspects as a concern.
Differences of spinal kinematics contribution between cervical and multi-segmental thoracic spine during Sit-To-Stand (STS) & Stand-To-Flexion (STF)
Authors: Saad W A A , Mat Dzahir M A , Yamamoto S , Hussein M , Mohamad M , Saad S M , Azaman A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Understanding the actual spinal kinematics in completing critical daily activities is utmost important for human being as it can lead for better quality of life. Two of the most common functions which are necessary for human being are standing up and bend forward. Researchers tried to explore the kinematics of human spine during Sit-to-Stand (STS) and Stand-to-Flexion (STF) but most of them only focussed on thoracic and lumbar spine. Literatures of similar study within thoracic spine only divide the region up to three segments thus reducing the accuracy of actual thoracic multi segments behaviours in completing daily task. This paper aims to study the differences of spinal kinematics contribution between cervical and multi-segmental thoracic spine during STS & STF among healthy Asian adults using non-invasive approach. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both tasks specified during the study showed excellent reliability with all ICC value were above 0.90 (0.932-0.976). During STS, cervical region displayed quicker flexion-extension transition response. Roughly equivalent behaviour was observed within all thoracic segments. Lower thoracic segments (T10-12) exhibited passive increment behaviour upon reaching upright standing compared with other segments. All segments displayed increase of angular displacement during upright standing. Peak of flexion during STF was achieved at 50% phase with latter response within lower thoracic segments (T8-12). Throughout the completion of STF, most of the segments shared approximately identical behaviour with the adjacent segment. The results provide a clear explanation of the healthy spinal condition of asymptomatic adults and may serve for spinal treatment and rehabilitation purposes.
Geraniol quality improvement on citronella oil as raw material for making anti-bacterial perfumes
Authors: Rihayat Teuku , Suryani  , Hasanah Uswatun , Nurhanifa  , Parlaungan Siregar Januar , Jaafar Jamiluddin , Cionita Tezara , Fitria  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, optimization was carried out to increase the levels of geraniol compounds present in citronella oil using vacuum distillation. Geraniol is a compound that has been legalized by IFRA (Fragrance International Research Association) as a scent compound, Geraniol has been studied in addition to having a pleasant fragrance, geraniol is also very effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. So geraniol is a reference to use it as formulated as a raw material for anti-bacterial products, but the levels of geraniol in citronella oil are still very low. This is what encourages the processing of fragrant citronella oil to be processed, by increasing geraniol levels using a vacuum distillation method, with variations in pressure: 8mmHg, 6mmHg, 4mmHg, 1mmHg during the operating time: 20 minutes; 40 minutes; 60 minutes and until Final boiling point. The samples were analysed using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography of Mass Spectrometry, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrophotometer), refractive index, and bacterial testing of research products. The results showed that higher temperature usage had an effect on increasing geraniol levels and showed that This vacuum distillation method is quite effective. Geraniol concentrations before and after isolation increased by 38%. namely from 20.32% to 57.39%. This shows that this method is quite effective in increasing geraniol concentrations in fragrant citronella oil. Analysis of FTIR shows 3365.78 cm-1 according to the hydroxyl polymer group (OH).
Mortality prediction in critically ill patients using machine learning score
Authors: Dzaharudin F , Ralib A M , Jamaludin U K , Nor M B M , Tumian A , Har L C , Ceng T C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Scoring tools are often used to predict patient severity of illness and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). Accurate prediction is important in the clinical setting to ensure efficient management of limited resources. However, studies have shown that the scoring tools currently in use are limited in predictive value. The aim of this study is to develop a machine learning (ML) based algorithm to improve the prediction of patient mortality for Malaysian ICU and evaluate the algorithm to determine whether it improves mortality prediction relative to the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA) scores. Various types of classification algorithms in machine learning were investigated using common clinical variables extracted from patient records obtained from four major ICUs in Malaysia to predict mortality and assign patient mortality risk scores. The algorithm was validated with data obtained from a retrospective study on ICU patients in Malaysia. The performance was then assessed relative to prediction based on the SAPS II and SOFA scores by comparing the prediction accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) and sensitivity. It was found that the Decision Tree with SMOTE 500% with the inclusion of both SAPS II and SOFA score in the dataset could provide the highest confidence in categorizing patients into two outcomes: death and survival with a mean AUC of 0.9534 and a mean sensitivity 88.91%. The proposed ML score were found to have higher predictive power compared with ICU severity scores; SOFA and SAPS II.
Quick response manufacturing and ergonomic consequences in manufacturing environment
Authors: Nelfiyanti  , Mohd Zuki Nik Mohamed Nik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Many methods can be used in manufacturing industries to minimize the wastage. Waste occurred when the output was below the production target and the high rejection rate of the products due to quality issues. One of the reasons is because of the wrong way of working set-up. Inappropriate working environment can cause workers to feel grievances on their limbs with the frequent complaints are fatigue and musculoskeletal. With this complaint, it has an impact on the smooth production process. Many Methods can be used to minimize waste in the manufacturing industry. One of the methods that can be used is Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) embedded with ergonomics for the work process. Implementation of the QRM and ergonomic methods in manufacturing companies in different countries is still experiencing some constraints. Therefore, this article contains an analysis to identify and evaluate the application of QRM and ergonomics in the Manufacturing industry based on published articles. The approach can be used to assist in formulating the right model in evaluating the strategies for QRM and ergonomic application in the manufacturing sectors.
Fabrication of Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS)-based membranes: A review
Authors: Sazali Norazlianie , Syafiq Sharip Mohd , Ibrahim Haziqatulhanis , Shahir Jamaludin Ahmad , Norharyati Wan Salleh Wan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) is a type of carbon-based membranes with amorphous microporous structures that is the most conventional and has been studied for more than half a century. High permeability and high selectivity can be acquired concurrently by several structural characteristics. Intensive investigations done by various studies demonstrate that the properties of polymeric precursor, pyrolysis conditions (soak time, pyrolysis temperature, and pyrolysis atmosphere), pre-treatment and post-treatment mainly affect the micropore structures formation as well as the properties of gas transportation and finally identified the gas separation performances for the CMS membranes synthesized.
Green composites of natural fiber bamboo/pineapple leaf/coconut husk as hybrid materials
Authors: Suryani  , Rihayat T , Nurhanifa  , Siregar J P , Jaafar J , Cionita T , Fitria  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials have been investigated for mechanical properties using by Universal Testing Machine (UTM) and structures of the fractured surfaces through optical and electron microscopy scanning with materials from natural fiber synthesis are bamboo fiber, pineapple leaf and coconut fiber mixed in polyester resin to be a hybrid composite material to see the best characteristics of tensile test properties. Mixing of natural fibers (filler) with polyester (matrix) has been developed as a renewable material. The results showed that the incorporation of bamboo-pineapple leaf-husk fiber have optimum tensile strength value 366 Mpa wirh flexural strength 0.302 Mpa. This is due to the presence of bamboo fiber has a high content of cellulose that can to replaced the failure in pineapple leafs and coconut fiber and make the hybrid composites not only as a strong material but biodegradable too.
Thermal pyrolysis optimization for highest density of Ti-6Al-4V mix with Palm Stearin and Polyethylene
Authors: Mohamad Nor N H , Muhamad N , Husain H , Shawal S , Meon M S , Fauzi M , Fairuz Remeli Muhammad , Saedon J B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Titanium metal injection molding (Ti-MIM) is coming ever closer to delivering its promise of high value markets, such as the aerospace and medical sectors. It is therefore an inspiration in this study to try to use palm stearin (PS) combined with backbone polyethylene (PE) for injection along with Ti-6Al-4V atomized powder. The uniqueness of PS is a potential binder system that can be used since it is very cheap material and highly available in Malaysia. The present work attempts to optimize the process parameters of thermal pyrolysis stage using Taguchi method of orthogonal array. Density is important characteristic in determine the quality of the brown part. Using these characteristics, the heating rate, temperature and soaking time are optimized in this study. The results show that no swelling or distortion was observed on the molded specimens on both binder systems. It was found that heating rate was the most significant factor followed by pyrolysis time and pyrolysis temperature. A verification test was also performed to prove the effectiveness of Taguchi technique after all the optimum parameters were determined. The optimization of thermal pyrolysis prepared in this study has enabled to improve the final density and mechanical properties of final part. Based on these results, sample displaying yield strength of 929.91 MPa and a plastic elongation of more than 12.15% were produced and meet the requirements of the ASTM B817-08.
Sustainability performance model: A case study of pneumatic nipple hose connector
Authors: Salaam H A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sustainability concept was first introduced by Dr Harlem Brundtland in 1980’s promoting the need to preserve today’s mother nature for the sake of our future generations. There are three main evaluation criteria’s involved in sustainability approach namely economics, environmental and social. In consumer product manufacturing industry, the economics criteria are measured by consider the total manufacturing costs where it evaluates the economic sustainability of a company in a long term. The impact to the environment during manufacturing process can be used to measure the environment criteria. The social criteria are complicated to evaluate. But focusing at production line workers’ health who works at the production line can be used to evaluate the social criteria because it gives direct impact to their performance. In this paper, the sustainability concept is applied at the production line in the production of a pneumatic nipple hose connector. The evaluation criteria which has been considered are total manufacturing costs, environmental impact, ergonomics impact and also energy used for manufacturing. This study involves machine learning optimization by using neural network model which carried out in two stages. The first stage is to predict the results based on experimental works. The second stage is by using inversed neural network model to determine the optimum cutting parameters so that it can be used to manufacture the pneumatic nipple hose connector. Through these stages, optimization of the manufacturing procedures to produce pneumatic nipple hose connector already considered the criteria for sustainability.
Synthesis and characterization of PLA-Chitosan-ZnO composite for packaging biofilms
Authors: Rihayat T , Suryani  , Fitriyani C N , Nurhanifa  , Siregar J P , Jaafar J , Cionita T , Fitria  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to improve the characteristics of PLA-Chitosan-ZnO composites. Composites are synthesized from the matrix of Poly lactic acid by modifying Chitosan and Zinc oxide (ZnO) fillers. The purpose of this study was to look at the mechanical, thermal and morphological characteristics seen from the composite. Basically, the bond between PLA and CS is very weak, so to increase the strength of the bond by entering ZnO; thus advancing overall quality (mechanical, thermal and water absorption) of composites (PLA / CS / ZnO). The mechanical properties of composites are enhanced by the addition of ZnO NP into the PLA / CS matrix. However, the tensile strength, modulus, and breakout extension increased to 2wt% of ZnO NP loading but decreased when ZnO NP content increased by 3wt%. This is consistent with the dispersion of homogeneous ZnO particles in the PLA matrix. Combining ZnO particles increases PLA thermal stability. Thus, ZnO has been shown to have potential as an amplifier in biocomposite synthesis with better integrity, although other approaches, such as the use of compatibilizers in ZnO surface modification, will be needed to improve PLA properties simultaneously. The results obtained in this work can be used on environmentally friendly films.
Making Polyurethanes from castor oil with addition of Bentonite and Chitosan as coating paints on eco-friendly medical device applications
Authors: Rihayat T , Suryani  , Riskina S , Sirega J P , Jaafar J , Cionita T , Fitria  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Polyurethane-based vegetable oil coatings have been used in the past few decades considering the use of petrochemical-based raw materials is a non-renewable material. Vegetable oils used such as soybean oil, palm oil, and castor oil. They have lower environmental impacts, easy availability and biodegradation. In this study, polyurethane synthesis was carried out using the prepolymer method using the reaction of TDI with polyols based on castor oil. To provide anti-microbial properties of polyurethane, a composite method of polyurethane with chitosan was carried out. Whereas to provide heat resistance properties in polyurethane bentonite is added to polyurethane. Polyurethane/bentonite/nanocomposite chitosan was analyzed using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) to determine the microstructure of chemical compounds, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) for viewing polyurethane/bentonite/chitosan heat resistance, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to see the morphology of polyurethane/bentonite/chitosan. FTIR analysis have shown the formation of hydroxyl groups in the compound epoxide castor oil, the reaction lasts for 2.5 hours at 50 °C as evidenced by the absorption of OH wave numbers which widens at 3500 cm−1, the hydroxy group formed is the hydroxy group on C atoms secondary, and bentonite NH 3450 cm−1, chitosan cluster C = O urethane widened at 1772 cm−1. TGA analysis have pure polyurethane begins to decrease in mass at 246 °C, while polyurethane with the addition of filler decreases mass at 342 °C.
A short review on polymeric materials concerning degradable polymers
Authors: Sazali N , Ibrahim H , Jamaludin A S , Mohamed M A , Salleh W N W , Abidin M N Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The demand for cutting-edge functional materials has been increasing since the decade. Polymeric materials usage in the past decade contributes to its commercial accomplishment, thus encouraging more groundbreaking research-based activities. Although this news is promising for polymer-related industries, the fast consumption rate of these materials throughout the world will seriously harm the environment through the accumulation of waste materials sourced primarily from by-products, faulty products or municipal from various agricultural farms and industries with disposal difficulties. Wide usage of polymeric materials is due to their ease of processing, light weight and relatively low manufacturing cost. Various advancements were made over the years in developing polymeric materials of high performance. Structure and ionic bonds of polymeric and biomaterials are the reason behind their physical and chemical properties. However, their usage is limited due to expensive manufacturing cost and difficulty in shaping and processing them.