bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4), a potential biomarker of frailty in HIV‐infected people on stable antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Blanco J‐R , Romero L , Ramalle‐Gómara E , Metola L , Ibarra V , Sanz M , Oteo J‐A , Garcia A , Pérez‐Martínez L 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesA quantitative biomarker for identification of pre‐frail and frail persons is still lacking. This study aimed to identify biomarker predictors of frailty in HIV‐infected patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of HIV‐infected patients who had been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 1 year and who presented an undetectable viral load (< 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL) at baseline was carried out. For each frail patient, up to four pre‐frail and robust patients were randomly selected. The frailty status assessment was based on the five‐item criteria described by Fried et al. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical and HIV‐related characteristics were evaluated. Multiple potential biomarkers of frailty and a biological age biomarker were analysed.ResultsA total of 73 HIV‐infected patients on ART for at least 1 year were evaluated. The patients were categorized as robust (n = 33), pre‐frail (n = 32) and frail (n = 8) using the Fried criteria. All patients were on ART, with 100% undetectable viral load (< 50 copies/mL) at baseline. No significant differences in demographic, clinical or analytical characteristics were observed among patients in the different categories based on Fried criteria, with the exception of the veterans aging cohort study index (VACS). Similarly, no differences were observed in HIV‐related characteristics, although nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) use was less common in frail persons. The distribution of biomarker values varied according to frailty status, with frail persons having higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐8, IL‐18, CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4). In multivariable analysis, the assocation of frailty with RBP4 showed a tendency to statistical significance (odds ratio 1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.99–1.00; P < 0.05).ConclusionsDifferential biomarker expression was present according to Fried status. Longitudinal studies will clarify the utility of these biomarkers as targets for diagnostic or therapeutic intervention.
Prevalence of overweight among youth with chronic conditions in the United States: An update from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Foley John T. , Healy Sean , Paller Alexis 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundSurveillance of overweight trends among youth with chronic conditions can inform the prioritization of funding, research and intervention.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to utilize the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data to provide current estimates of the prevalence of overweight among US youth with common chronic conditions. A secondary purpose was to examine parental concern about weight status among youth with chronic conditions who were overweight.MethodsThis study included children aged 10 to 17 years with (n=10 997) and without (n=13 408) chronic conditions from the 2016 NSCH. Estimates of overweight, and parental concern for weight status, were compared among youth with 19 common chronic conditions and youth without chronic conditions.ResultsOverall, youth with chronic conditions were significantly more likely to be overweight compared with youth without chronic conditions (35.4% vs 27.8%). Overweight was most prevalent among youth with diabetes (56.4%), intellectual disabilities (53.6%) and hearing impairments (46.1%). Parents of youth with chronic conditions who were overweight were significantly more concerned that their child's weight was too high than those without chronic conditions.ConclusionsThis study identifies youth with chronic conditions, particularly those with certain conditions, as being in need of prioritization of funding, research and intervention.
Densification, strengthening and toughening in hafnium carbide with the addition of silicon carbonitride
Authors: Hao Wei , Ni Na , Guo Yi , Li Chuanwei , Fan Xiaohui , Xiao Weiwei , Zhao Xiaofeng , Xiao Ping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHafnium carbide (HfC) possesses low toughness and damage tolerance, which limits its application as high‐temperature structural materials. Here we report a route to fabricate a dense HfC with high toughness by incorporating a two‐component SiCN (silicon carbonitride) sintering aid, which is composed of SiCN and turbostratic carbon in the spark plasma sintering. The addition of the SiCN not only enhances the density (up to ~97%) of the final product, but more importantly results in an increase in toughness from 4.3 to 8.5 MPa m1/2 with only a 10% reduction in the flexural strength. The improvement has been attributed to the unique microstructure of the obtained samples, exhibiting several important characteristics: (a) homogeneously dispersed SiCN and C secondary phases in the HfC matrix to control grain size; (b) HfC grains contain different levels of Si, O, and N to form solid solution; (c) enrichment of free carbon at grain boundaries and triple junctions.
Swelling kinetics of rice and potato starch suspensions
Authors: Desam Gnana Prasuna , Li Jinsha , Chen Guibing , Campanella Osvaldo , Narsimhan Ganesan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGranule size distribution of 8% w/w suspension of normal rice starch (NRS), waxy rice starch (WRS), modified potato starch (MPS), and normal potato starch (NPS) in water when subjected to heating at 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85°C at different hold times (0–60 min) were characterized. The average starch granule diameter was larger at higher temperatures and hold times for NRS, WRS, and MPS indicating swelling, whereas for NPS it decreased indicating breakage. Swelling varied in the order: MPS > NRS > WRS. Earlier proposed pseudo first‐ and second‐order kinetic and Weibull models for swelling were evaluated. Swelling kinetics was also predicted using our previously developed mechanistic model (Desam et. al., 2018a Journal of Food Engineering 222:237–249) whose predictions agreed well with the experimental data of mean granule diameter and granule size distribution with time at different temperatures, and therefore can be employed to describe swelling at different processing conditions.Practical ApplicationsStarches are incorporated in food products for a variety of reasons such as stabilizing, thickening, binding, and gelling. Starch occurs as discrete granules. Upon exposure to water, starch granules swell when heated. This results in thickening of starch suspension (known as pasting) due to an increase in volume fraction of swollen granules. Starch pasting results in an increase in its viscosity. Therefore, the texture of a variety of food products such as sauces, puddings, soups, batter mixes, and so forth are influenced by pasting. The rheology and texture of starch paste obtained by cooking of starch granules are governed by its swelling. It is, therefore, necessary to quantify swelling in order to predict the rheology of starch paste as well as to develop new food formulations. We developed a mechanistic model which predicts the swelling kinetics of rice and potato starch suspensions.
Experiences and outcomes following diagnosis of congenital foetal anomaly and medical termination of pregnancy: A phenomenological study
Authors: Atienza‐Carrasco José , Linares‐Abad Manuel , Padilla‐Ruiz María , Morales‐Gil Isabel María 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo determine and describe the experiences of pregnant women who receive a diagnosis of chromosomopathy and/or foetal malformation during a prenatal check‐up and who decide to legally terminate the pregnancy.BackgroundWhen a pregnancy is terminated, the woman must cope with frustrated motherhood. The psychological consequences of this will largely depend on the care and support provided by health professionals. When a congenital anomaly is diagnosed, a patient‐centred communication helps understanding, influences adaptation to the new situation and ensures the person concerned has sufficient (autonomy or independence or ability) to make appropriate decisions.MethodsA qualitative study, based on a phenomenological approach, was carried out through nonparticipant observation and semi‐structured interviews with 27 obstetric patients. NVivo 11 software was used, and content analysis was performed. The manuscript was developed using the COREQ guidelines to inform qualitative studies.ResultsThe clinical relationship may be affected by communication problems such as patients' perceptions of scarce emotional involvement by obstetricians, by poor psychosocial support during the termination of the pregnancy and by insufficient follow‐up after discharge.ConclusionNurses are in a privileged position to promote the empowerment of affected women. It is necessary to improve aspects related to the privacy of patients and the awareness and training of the interdisciplinary team in interpersonal communication. Post‐loss follow‐up is recommended to assess individual needs, thus facilitating an optimal approach to ease the grieving process.Relevance to clinical practiceDuring the prenatal diagnosis, the existence of a fetal anomaly is emphasized, but support and follow up of the mother may be neglected; therefore, exhaustive knowledge about the obstetric history, the state of health and the expectations of patients is as important as a multidisciplinary team trained in counseling strategies and with a comprehensive care plan that covers all areas, especially those that control maternal emotions.
Occupational determinants of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among Filipino registered nurses
Authors: Balinbin Chanel Bjanca V. , Balatbat Krystina Trizia R. , Balayan Alyssa Nicolette B. , Balcueva Maria Isabel C. , Balicat Mary Grace B. , Balidoy Thea Arabelle S. , Macindo John Rey B. , Torres Gian Carlo S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine the prevalence and to identify the occupational determinants of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among general medical–surgical registered nurses. BackgroundCompassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction are caring concepts that have been explored among nurses in specialised hospital units. However, there is paucity of studies exploring the occupational determinants among general medical–surgical registered nurses.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsFrom August–November 2017, 121 consecutively selected general medical–surgical registered Nurses from five hospitals completed a four‐part survey packet composed of the participant information sheet, the Professional Quality of Life Version 5, the McCloskey‐Mueller Satisfaction Scale and the Eden Warmth Survey—Employee Questionnaire. Stepwise‐forward multiple linear regression was employed to identify the occupational determinants of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. The STROBE checklist was followed in reporting this study (see Appendix S1).ResultsThe prevalence of moderate to high levels of compassion satisfaction was 90.09% while burnout and secondary stress, the facets of compassion fatigue, had a prevalence of 74.38% and 83.47%, respectively. Among the identified occupational determinants, only job satisfaction and nurse colleague relationship positively influenced compassion satisfaction. In contrary, although higher monthly income positively influenced both dimensions of compassion fatigue, nurse colleague relationship had the strongest negative effect.ConclusionAmong the occupational determinants of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction, nurse colleague relationship had the strongest influence. This result highlights the importance of positive nurse colleague relationships and paves way for the development and initiation of appropriate strategies.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this study paves way for the development of institutional policies and individualised programmes geared towards building rapport and communication among registered nurses assigned in general medical–surgical units. Likewise, the high prevalence of compassion fatigue needs further exploration to develop appropriate measures to mitigate its development among general medical–surgical nurses.
National Early Warning Score: A survey of registered nurses' perceptions, experiences and barriers
Authors: Spångfors Martin , Molt Mats , Samuelson Karin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims & objectivesTo describe registered nurses' perceptions, experiences and barriers for using the National Early Warning Score in relation to their work experience and medical affiliation.BackgroundIndications of inconsistencies in adherence to the National Early Warning Score have emerged.DesignWeb‐based questionnaire study.MethodsThe questionnaire was sent to 3,165 registered nurses working in somatic hospitals in the southern part of Sweden. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology was adhered.ResultsSeventy‐one per cent of the 1,044 respondents reported adherence to the National Early Warning Score guidelines recommended frequency of monitoring and 74% to the clinical response scale. The shorter the working experience, the higher the proportion of registered nurses who answered positively to the National Early Warning Score allowing them to better prioritise their care with short nursing experience. When categorising nurses according to their workplace's medical affiliation, adherence to the National Early Warning Score guidelines recommended frequency of monitoring was reported highest in surgery and orthopaedics (66%) and lowest in the cardiac high dependency unit (52%). Corresponding proportions of reported adherence to the clinical response scale were highest in orthopaedics (82%) and lowest in the cardiac high dependency unit (48%). Lack of response from the doctor was reported as one of the main reasons for not adhering to the National Early Warning Score by 50% of the registered nurse.ConclusionIn general, registered nurses perceived the National Early Warning Score as a useful tool, supporting their gut feeling about an unstable patient. Barriers to the National Early Warning Score were found in doctors and the most experienced registered nurses, indicating the need for resources to be focused on the adherence of these members of the healthcare team.Relevance to clinical practiceIn general, the registered nurses answered positively to the National Early Warning Score. We found indications that there is a need to focus resources on the adherence of the most experienced registered nurse and the doctors.
Efficacy of “Mentoring to Be Active” on Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, and Body Fat among Obese and Extremely Obese Youth in Rural Appalachia
Authors: Smith Laureen H. , Petosa Rick L. , Laurent Devin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study compares the efficacy of a behavioral skills mentoring program (Mentored Planning to Be Active [MBA]) to a teacher‐led program (Planning to Be Active [PBA]) for increasing physical activity in Appalachian teens on health outcomes (weight loss, body mass index (BMI), and body fat).MethodsSecondary analysis of a larger group‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in 20 rural Appalachian schools. Descriptive Pearson correlations and multivariate analyses with between‐subject effects were conducted. Effect sizes (ES) using Cohen's d and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.FindingsThe obese MBA group lost 77.5% more weight by T3 compared to the PBA group; T2 was (F = 8.51, P = .000) and T3 was (F = 7.62, P = .000). ES was 0.34. OR = 1.45 (95% CI: 0.558‐3.792) at T2 and OR = 3.32 (95% CI: 1.103‐9.978) at T3. Extremely obese in the MBA group lost 80.0% more weight compared to the PBA group; T2 was (F = 5.23, P = .025) and at T3 (F = 6.33, P = .015) ES was 0.58. OR = 4.36 (95% CI: 0.981‐19.34). Extremely obese females lost more weight compared to males (F = 4.75, P = .034). BMI and body fat had similar results; youth in the MBA group had the most improvement.ConclusionsRural Appalachian youth are disproportionately extremely obese. BMI does not capture adiposity or cardiovascular risk. BMI, BMI percentile, raw weight, fat mass, and percent body fat are more complete analyses of adiposity and cardiovascular risk.
Replacing fish meal with cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate affects growth, intestinal function, and growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor I axis of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)
Authors: Yuan Xiang‐Yang , Jiang Guang‐Zhen , Cheng Hui‐Hui , Cao Xiu‐Fei , Wang Cong‐Cong , Dai Yong‐Jun , Liu Wen‐Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of replacing fish meal with cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate (CPH) on the growth, intestinal function, growth hormone/insulin‐like growth factor I (GH/IGF‐I) axis, and inflammation of blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. A total of 300 fish (38.66 ± 0.08 g) were allocated into five groups and fed either the basal diet (CPH 0) or the basal diet that replaced fish meal with 1% (CPH 1), 3% (CPH 3), 5% (CPH 5), and 7% CPH (CPH 7). Dietary CPH 3 increased the activities of protease, Na+/K+‐ATPase, amylase, creatine kinase, and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase; microvillus length in the anterior and mid intestines; and the mRNA levels of GH, growth hormone receptor (GHR), and IGF‐I without any negative effects on growth. Dietary CPH 7 increased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, IκB kinase alpha, and nuclear factor κB but decreased the transcript level of inhibitor of κB‐α (p < .05). Therefore, replacing fish meal with CPH 3 improved intestinal function and the transcription of GH/IGF‐I axis genes without any adverse effect on growth or triggering of inflammation in juvenile blunt snout bream.
Effectiveness of a locally produced ready‐to‐use supplementary food in preventing growth faltering for children under 2 years in Cambodia: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Borg Bindi , Sok Daream , Mihrshahi Seema , Griffin Mark , Chamnan Chhoun , Berger Jacques , Laillou Arnaud , Roos Nanna , Wieringa Frank T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis cluster randomised controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a locally produced, fish‐based, ready‐to‐use supplementary food (RUSF) to prevent growth faltering (decline in z‐scores). Cambodian infants (n= 485), aged 6 to 11 months, were randomised by site to receive the RUSF, Corn‐Soy Blend++ (CSB++), micronutrient powders (MNP), or no supplement (control). The intervention was for 6 months. In unadjusted analysis, the control group had statistically significantly decreased weight‐for‐age z‐scores (WAZ; ‐0.02, 95%CI = ‐0.03 ‐ ‐0.01, P= 0.001) and height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ; ‐0.07, 95%CI = ‐0.09 ‐ ‐0.05, P < 0.001), and increased mid‐upper arm‐circumference (MUAC; 0.02cm, 95%CI = 0.01 ‐ 0.04, P = 0.010), but no statistically significant change in weight‐for‐height z‐scores (WHZ). The RUSF group did not differ significantly from the control for WAZ, HAZ or WHZ (in other words, WAZ and HAZ decreased and WHZ did not change), but had increased MUAC in comparison to the control (0.04cm, 95%CI = 0.01 ‐ 0.06, P = 0.008). There were no statistically significant differences between the RUSF group and the CSB++ or MNP groups with respect to WAZ, HAZ, WHZ or MUAC. Interestingly, in adjusted analysis, low consumers of RUSF had increased WAZ, WHZ and MUAC (0.03, 95%CI = 0.01‐0.06, P = 0.006; 0.04, 95%CI = 0.01‐0.08, P = 0.026; and 0.05cm, 95%CI = 0.02‐0.09, P = 0.004, respectively) compared with the control. The novel RUSF, particularly in small quantities, protected against ponderal growth faltering, but the improvements were of limited clinical significance.
Genomic processes underlying rapid adaptation of a natural Chironomus riparius population to unintendedly applied experimental selection pressures
Authors: Pfenninger Markus , Foucault Quentin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvolve and Resquence (E&R) studies are a useful tool to study genomic processes during rapid adaptation, e.g., in the framework of adaptive responses to global climate change. We applied different thermal regimes to a natural Chironomus riparius (Diptera) population in an E&R framework to infer its evolutionary potential for rapid thermal adaptation. We exposed two replicates to three temperatures each (14°C, 20°C and 26°C) for more than two years, the experiment thus lasting 22, 44 or 65 generations, respectively. The two higher temperatures presented a priori moderate, respectively strong selection pressures. Life‐cycle fitness tests revealed no appreciable adaptation to thermal regimes but a common adaptation of all six replicates probably due to the rearing conditions, presumably increased larval density and water quality. Genomic analyses showed a strong, genome‐wide selective response in all replicates (mean s of selected SNPs = 0.305). This genomic response was significantly similar at all genomic levels among all replicates (SNPs, 10 kb windows, genes, exons, regions of elevated allele frequency change [REA]). The intersections among the replicates exposed to the same temperature were either insignificant or underrepresented. This confirmed a selective response to identical selection pressure(s), however, not to thermal regime. Genes closest to the SNP with the highest selection coefficient per REA were enriched for GO terms related to ion transport, regulation of transcription and signal transduction, which supported the presumed acting selection pressures. Our study showed the evolutionary potential for rapid adaptation by genome‐wide and probably polygenic selection on standing genetic variation in C. riparius. However, because of the impossibility to accurately predict the acting selective regime in evolutionary experiments, we discuss the sobering perspectives for inferring the evolutionary potential of natural populations with this approach.
To dwell within: Bridging the theory–practice gap
Authors: Zieber Mark , Wojtowicz Bernadine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNursing has a considerable history of theory development but has consistently struggled to reconcile theoretical reality and practice realities. Many authors have attempted to reconcile what has been called the “theory–practice gap,” but the space where these two realities enmesh has remained problematic and contentious (Aimei, Macau Journal of Nursing, 14, 2015, 13; Factor, Matienzo, & de Guzman, Nurse Education Today, 57, 2017, 82). The idea of the theory–practice gap has a significant history in nursing, but also continues to have a significant presence within nursing literature and mythology up to the present (Aimei, Macau Journal of Nursing, 14, 2015, 13). In this paper, the space between theoretic reality and practice reality, as evidenced by the theory–practice gap, will be examined. A Heideggerian perspective of “dwelling” (Heidegger, 1971, Poetry, language, thought, New York, NY: Harper Colophon) will be used as a guiding discourse to move nursing away from this classic tension between theory and practice, towards a perspective where theory and practice are woven together as part of one reality.