bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of strengthened hemoperfusion combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration on prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning: SHP + CVVH improve prognosis of acute PQ patients
Authors: Chen An-bao , Li Fang , Di E-mu , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Qun-yuan , Wen Jing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The success rate of rescue is extremely low in acute paraquat poisoning. This study aimed to assess whether strengthened hemoperfusion (SHP) combined with continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) improves prognosis in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.

Methods
Patients from January 2005 to December 2018 were enrolled retrospectively. All selected patients were administered conventional therapy. They were divided according to the received treatments in the conventional therapy, hemoperfusion (HP), CVVH, SHP and SHP + CVVH groups. Follow-up was implemented until the 90th day after poisoning. Other outcomes included all-cause mortality on the 15th day after poisoning, and the percentages of respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation use.

Results
The study included 487 patients,and 211 died in all. Mortality rate in the SHP + CVVH group on the 90th day after poisoning was significantly decreased compared with those of other groups (p<0.001). Survival curves of all groups showed significant differences (p<0.001). SHP combined with CVVH was an independent factor reducing mortality risk (p<0.001). Mortality rate in the SHP + CVVH group on the 15th day after poisoning was also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The proportions of patients in the SHP + CVVH group with acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation were significantly lower than those of other groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
SHP with CVVH may decrease the mortality rate of patients with acute paraquat poisoning on the 90th day after poisoning and improve the prognosis.
Epidemiological trends of head and neck Cancer survivors in Alberta: Towards improved understanding of the burden of disease
Authors: Song Jin Soo , Vallance Patrick , Biron Vincent , Jeffery Caroline C. 
Published: July 2020

Background With an increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and more favourable survival outcomes, there is now a population of head and neck cancer survivors that are different from preceding decades. In addition, their long-term survivorship issues have become increasing research interests. This study was undertaken to determine the changing epidemiological trends of head and neck cancer survivors in Alberta to better anticipate future demands on healthcare services. Methods The Alberta Cancer Registry was queried for adult (aged > 18 years), head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who were at least 1-year post-treatment completion between 1997 to 2016. Cutaneous head and neck and thyroid cancer patients were excluded. Extracted data was then used to calculate the incidence and prevalence of early (< 5 years from treatment), intermediate (5 to < 10 years from treatment), and late (> 10 years from treatment) survivors of head and neck cancer. Point prevalence of HNC survivors in 2005, 2010, and 2015 were then further stratified by gender, sub-site and age. Results Over this time period, head and neck cancer survivors tended to be younger (64.0 vs. 62.1, p = 0.046) and male (M:F 2.45:1 vs 2.54:1). In 1997, the predominant subsites were the oral cavity and larynx at 45.8% and 30.9%, respectively. In 2015 the predominant subsites were the oral cavity and oropharynx at 33.0% and 29.4%, respectively. Within the cohort, the prevalence of late HNC survivors increased to 13.3 per 100,000 people in 2015. Conclusions There is a significant population of head and neck survivors who are younger, male, and more than 10 years post-treatment. While oral cavity cancers have shown stable disease prevalence in recent decades, the number of OPSCC survivors have increased. With an improved understanding of the distribution and characteristics of HNC survivors, a more guided healthcare support network can be fostered for these patients.
Disturbed balance in the expression of MMP9 and TIMP3 in cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Jäkel Lieke , Kuiperij H. Bea , Gerding Lara P. , Custers Emma E. M. , van den Berg Emma , Jolink Wilmar M. T. , Schreuder Floris H. B. M. , Küsters Benno , Klijn Catharina J. M. , Verbeek Marcel M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the deposition of the amyloid β (Aβ) protein in the cerebral vasculature and poses a major risk factor for the development of intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH). However, only a minority of patients with CAA develops ICH (CAA-ICH), and to date it is unclear which mechanisms determine why some patients with CAA are more susceptible to haemorrhage than others. We hypothesized that an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) contributes to vessel wall weakening. MMP9 plays a role in the degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix as well as of Aβ and increased MMP9 expression has been previously associated with CAA. TIMP3 is an inhibitor of MMP9 and increased TIMP3 expression in cerebral vessels has also been associated with CAA. In this study, we investigated the expression of MMP9 and TIMP3 in occipital brain tissue of CAA-ICH cases (n = 11) by immunohistochemistry and compared this to the expression in brain tissue of CAA cases without ICH (CAA-non-haemorrhagic, CAA-NH, n = 18). We showed that MMP9 expression is increased in CAA-ICH cases compared to CAA-NH cases. Furthermore, we showed that TIMP3 expression is increased in CAA cases compared to controls without CAA, and that TIMP3 expression is reduced in a subset of CAA-ICH cases compared to CAA-NH cases. In conclusion, in patients with CAA, a disbalance in cerebrovascular MMP9 and TIMP3 expression is associated with CAA-related ICH.
Factors influencing the academic success of Latinx students matriculating at 2-year and transferring to 4-year US institutions—implications for STEM majors: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Winterer Erica R. , Froyd Jeffrey E. , Borrego Maura , Martin Julie P. , Foster Margaret 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis systematic review identifies factors that prior studies have identified as supporting the academic success of Latinx transfer students, who matriculate at 2-year institutions with respect to earning a 4-year baccalaureate degree in a STEM field. Since the students matriculate at a 2-year institution, they must, at some point in their academic career, transfer to a 4-year institution to earn the baccalaureate degree. Search and screening procedures identified 59 qualifying studies describing factors supporting persistence, transfer, or graduation of Latinx students matriculating at 2-year institutions. To synthesize findings, we coded the 31 quantitative, 22 qualitative, and six mixed methods studies according to unified themes. Nearly half the quantitative studies explored student characteristics alone, while some qualitative studies explicitly sought to identify assets Latinx students bring to higher education. None of the quantitative students utilized assets-based frameworks such as Yosso (Race Ethn Educ 8:69–91, 2005) to guide their analysis. All types of studies contributed to the conclusion that quality interactions with peers and staff support success of Latinx STEM transfer students. Specific details and strategies for institutions and their staff to support these interactions are described.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Titanium particles damage osteocytes and inhibit osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Chen Li , Wang Ziyue , Xu Wei , Dong Qirong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposesto study the effect of titanium particles on MLO-Y4 and the effects of osteocytes alterations on osteoblasts.Methodscultured MLO-Y4 osteocytes were exposed to different concentrations of titanium (Ti) particles, cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, apoptosis of MLO-Y4 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry, Real-time PCR quantification of mRNA expression of SOST, at the same time with Western Blot detection sclerosteosis protein expression levels.MC3T3-E1 cells culture with MLO-Y4 cells exposed to different concentrations of titanium (Ti) particles in vitro, in order to detection of osteoblast osteogenetic activity.ResultsOur results showed that Ti particles inhibited cell viability of MLO-Y4 osteocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation with Ti particles caused apoptosis of MLO-Y4cells.Treatment with Ti particles significantly increased expression of the osteocytic marker SOST/sclerostin. Furthermore, treatment of MLO-Y4 cells with Ti particles produced a dose-dependent decrease in ALP activity and decreased mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells through direct cell-cell contact.ConclusionsTitanium particles damage osteocytes and inhibit osteoblast differentiation.
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the distal bile duct: a case report
Authors: Maeda Takashi , Yugawa Kyohei , Kinjo Nao , Kayashima Hiroto , Imai Daisuke , Kawata Koto , Ikeda Shinichiro , Edahiro Keitaro , Takeishi Kazuki , Iguchi Tomohiro , Harada Noboru , Ninomiya Mizuki , Yamaguchi Shohei , Konishi Kozo , Tsutsui Shinichi , Matsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the common bile duct (CBD) is very rare, with only 10 reported cases. Here, we report a case of MANEC of the distal bile duct (DBD) that was surgically resected under a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).Case presentationA 60-year-old male had epigastric pain and was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of a suspected CBD stone. Upon admission, laboratory findings revealed elevated hepatobiliary enzymes including serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, serum glutamyltransferase, and serum alkaline phosphatase. Both carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were negative. Computed tomography (CT) showed dilation of the CBD. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed circumferential stenosis and a 5-mm elevated lesion in the DBD. Brush cytology showed atypical ductal cells, indicating adenocarcinoma (AC) of the DBD. Under a diagnosis of CCA of the DBD, a subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Neither peritoneal dissemination nor lymph node metastasis was found. Microscopically, the lesion was seen to be composed of predominantly well-differentiated tubular AC in the superficial layer of the tumor, admixed with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in the deeper portion, indicating a diagnosis of MANEC of the DBD. After immunohistochemical staining, NEC components were positive for synaptophysin and CD56 and were for SSTR2, SSTR5, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Three months postsurgery, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 was started. More than 3 years postsurgery, he is alive without recurrence.ConclusionsMANEC is highly malignant, progresses rapidly, and has a poor prognosis. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult; therefore, identifying NEC components by immunohistochemical staining using resected specimens is important.
Perforated jejunal diverticulitis: a rare but important differential in the acute abdomen
Authors: Leigh Natasha , Sullivan Brianne J. , Anteby Roi , Talbert Susan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Diverticulosis of the small bowel is rare and, in most cases, discovered incidentally. However, diverticulitis and other complications are important to consider in the differential of an acute abdomen, especially in the elderly population.

Case presentation
The patient was a 59-year-old female who presented with acute lower abdominal pain progressing to peritonitis. Computed tomography scan showed a large inflamed and perforated diverticulum on the mesenteric side of the jejunum. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a dilated proximal jejunum with a 5-cm inflamed and perforated mesenteric diverticulum. A small bowel resection with primary anastomosis was performed.

Conclusions
Jejunal diverticulitis remains a diagnostic challenge. Although uncommon, owing to its high mortality rate, it is an important clinical entity to consider and requires timely management.
Cannabidiol and Sports Performance: a Narrative Review of Relevant Evidence and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: McCartney Danielle , Benson Melissa J. , Desbrow Ben , Irwin Christopher , Suraev Anastasia , McGregor Iain S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid derived fromCannabis sativa. CBD initially drew scientific interest due to its anticonvulsant properties but increasing evidence of other therapeutic effects has attracted the attention of additional clinical and non-clinical populations, including athletes. Unlike the intoxicating cannabinoid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), CBD is no longer prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency and appears to be safe and well-tolerated in humans. It has also become readily available in many countries with the introduction of over-the-counter “nutraceutical” products. The aim of this narrative review was to explore various physiological and psychological effects of CBD that may be relevant to the sport and/or exercise context and to identify key areas for future research. As direct studies of CBD and sports performance are is currently lacking, evidence for this narrative review was sourced from preclinical studies and a limited number of clinical trials in non-athlete populations. Preclinical studies have observed robust anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic effects of CBD in animal models. Preliminary preclinical evidence also suggests that CBD may protect against gastrointestinal damage associated with inflammation and promote healing of traumatic skeletal injuries. However, further research is required to confirm these observations. Early stage clinical studies suggest that CBD may be anxiolytic in “stress-inducing” situations and in individuals with anxiety disorders. While some case reports indicate that CBD improves sleep, robust evidence is currently lacking. Cognitive function and thermoregulation appear to be unaffected by CBD while effects on food intake, metabolic function, cardiovascular function, and infection require further study. CBD may exert a number of physiological, biochemical, and psychological effects with the potential to benefit athletes. However, well controlled, studies in athlete populations are required before definitive conclusions can be reached regarding the utility of CBD in supporting athletic performance.
Major swine viral diseases: an Asian perspective after the African swine fever introduction
Authors: Kedkovid Roongtham , Sirisereewan Chaitawat , Thanawongnuwech Roongroje 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAsia is a major pig producer of the world, and at present, African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to significantly impact the Asian pig industry. Since more than 50% of the world’s pig population is in Asia, ASFV outbreaks in Asia will affect the global pig industry. Prior to the introduction of ASF, several outbreaks of major swine viruses occurred in Asia over the last two decades, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The rapid spreading of those viruses throughout Asia involve many factors such as the various pig production systems and supply chains ranging from back-yard to intensive industrial farms, animal movement and animal product trading within and among countries, and consumer behaviors. ASF has notoriously been known as a human-driven disease. Travelers and international trading are the major ASFV-carriers for the transboundary transmission and introduction to naïve countries. Globalization puts the entire pig industry at risk for ASF and other infectious diseases arising from Asian countries. Disease control strategies for the various pig production systems in Asia are challenging. In order to ensure future food security in the region and to prevent the deleterious consequences of ASF and other major viral disease outbreaks, disease control strategies and production systems must be improved and modernized.
The feasibility of a randomised control trial to assess physiotherapy against surgery for recurrent patellar instability
Authors: Rahman U. , Gemperle-Mannion E. , Qureshi A. , Edwin C. , Smith T. O. , Parsons H. , Mason J. , Underwood M. , Eldridge J. , Thompson P. , Metcalfe A. ,   On behalf of the PIPS study team, Bailey Andrea , Jones Robert , Hunt Agnes , Barnett Andrew , Beard David , Biant Leela , Boutefnouchet Tarek , Brown Jaclyn , Clark Damian , Costa Matt , Davies Loretta , McGowan Kerri , Patel Shilpa , Robertson Claire , Teuke Joanna , Shah Feisal , Smith Benjamin , Smith Nicholas , Spalding Tim , Whitehouse Michael , Wogan Celia , Wright David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Patellar instability is a relatively common condition that leads to disability and restriction of activities. People with recurrent instability may be given the option of physiotherapy or surgery though this is largely driven by clinician preference rather than by a strong evidence base. We sought to determine the feasibility of conducting a definitive trial comparing physiotherapy with surgical treatment for people with recurrent patellar instability.

Methods
This was a pragmatic, open-label, two-arm feasibility randomised control trial (RCT) with an embedded interview component recruiting across three NHS sites comparing surgical treatment to a package of best conservative care; ‘Personalised Knee Therapy’ (PKT). The primary feasibility outcome was the recruitment rate per centre (expected rate 1 to 1.5 participants recruited each month). Secondary outcomes included the rate of follow-up (over 80% expected at 12 months) and a series of participant-reported outcomes taken at 3, 6 and 12 months following randomisation, including the Norwich Patellar Instability Score (NPIS), the Kujala Patellofemoral Disorder Score (KPDS), EuroQol-5D-5L, self-reported global assessment of change, satisfaction at each time point and resources use.

Results
We recruited 19 participants. Of these, 18 participants (95%) were followed-up at 12 months and 1 (5%) withdrew. One centre recruited at just over one case per month, one centre was unable to recruit, and one centre recruited at over one case per month after a change in participant screening approach. Ten participants were allocated into the PKT arm, with nine to the surgical arm. Mean Norwich Patellar Instability Score improved from 40.6 (standard deviation 22.1) to 28.2 (SD 25.4) from baseline to 12 months.

Conclusion
This feasibility trial identified a number of challenges and required a series of changes to ensure adequate recruitment and follow-up. These changes helped achieve a sufficient recruitment and follow-up rate. The revised trial design is feasible to be conducted as a definitive trial to answer this important clinical question for people with chronic patellar instability.

Trial registration
The trial was prospectively registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry on the 22/12/2016 (reference number: ISRCTN14950321). http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14950321
Morphology of partial-thickness macular defects: presumed roles of Müller cells and tissue layer interfaces of low mechanical stability
Authors: Bringmann Andreas , Unterlauft Jan Darius , Wiedemann Renate , Rehak Matus , Wiedemann Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The pathogenesis of partial-thickness macular defects and the role of Müller glial cells in the development of such defects are not well understood. We document the morphological characteristics of various types of partial-thickness macular defects using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, with the focus on tractional and degenerative lamellar holes, and discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms.

Methods
A retrospective case series of 61 eyes of 61 patients with different types of partial-thickness macular defects is described.

Results
Partial-thickness macular defects are caused by anteroposterior or tangential traction onto the fovea exerted by the partially detached posterior hyaloid and epiretinal membranes, respectively. Tractional elevation of the inner Müller cell layer of the foveola—without (outer lamellar holes, foveal pseudocysts) or with a disruption of this layer (tractional lamellar holes, macular pseudoholes)—produces an elevation of the inner layers of the foveal walls (nerve fiber layer to outer plexiform layer [OPL]) and a schisis between the OPL and Henle fiber layer (HFL). With the exception of outer lamellar holes, the (outer part of the) central outer nuclear layer and the external limiting membrane remain nondisrupted in the various types of partial-thickness defects. Degenerative lamellar holes are characterized by cavitations between the inner plexiform layer and HFL of the foveal walls; many cases have lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP). Proliferating cells of the disrupted Müller cell cone may contribute to the development of LHEP and fill the spaces left by degenerated photoreceptors in the foveal center.

Conclusions
It is suggested that morphological characteristics of partial-thickness macular defects can be explained by the disruption of the (stalk of the) Müller cell cone in the foveola and the location of tissue layer interfaces with low mechanical stability: the boundary with no cellular connections between both Müller cell populations in the foveola, and the interface between the OPL and HFL in the foveal walls and parafovea. We propose that the development of the cavitations in degenerative lamellar holes is initiated by traction which produces a schisis between the OPL and HFL, and enlarged by a slow and chronic degeneration of Henle fibers and bipolar cells.
Trial registration retrospectively registered, #143/20-ek, 04/03/2020
Multilayer networks: aspects, implementations, and application in biomedicine
Authors: Hammoud Zaynab , Kramer Frank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractModeling and analyses of complex systems using network theory have been an object of study for a long time. They have caught attention in many disciplines such as sociology, epidemiology, ecology, psychology, biology, biomedicine, and other fields. Network theory is especially an efficient tool to model biological networks such as gene co-expression networks, protein-protein interaction networks, or pathways. Considering the enhanced resolutions of complex real-world systems, the interest has been directed to multilayered networks. However, despite this surge of recent attention, the use of the multilayer framework in the biological field is still in its youth. In this paper, we review the different aspects and terminologies of multilayered networks. We also briefly discuss the variant applications of the multilayer framework, and finally, we give an overview of various existing applications of the multilayer model in network biology.