bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authentication method using the variation of power generation time in energy harvester and its evaluation
Authors: Nozaki Yusuke , Yoshikawa Masaya 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough internet of things technology is widely used in various fields, internet of things has several issues such as energy efficiency and authentication for security. The energy harvesting technology, which harvests various energy (eg, sunlight, vibration, electromagnetic wave, and so on), and converts them to electric power, has attracted attention for the solving method for the first problem. Moreover, the physical unclonable function, which uses variances of semiconductor manufacturing variations for authentication, has attracted attention for the solving method for the other problem. This study proposes a new authentication method for energy harvester. The proposed method utilizes the difference in power generation time due to manufacturing variations for the device authentication. In addition, the proposed method can be realized in very low cost because it does not require a dedicated physical unclonable function circuit. Several experiments using an actual energy harvester verify the validity of the proposed method.
Arctic and boreal paleofire records reveal drivers of fire activity and departures from Holocene variability
Authors: Hoecker Tyler J. , Higuera Philip E. , Kelly Ryan , Hu Feng Sheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBoreal forest and tundra biomes are key components of the Earth system because the mobilization of large carbon stocks and changes in energy balance could act as positive feedbacks to ongoing climate change. In Alaska, wildfire is a primary driver of ecosystem structure and function, and a key mechanism coupling high‐latitude ecosystems to global climate. Paleoecological records reveal sensitivity of fire regimes to climatic and vegetation change over centennial–millennial time scales, highlighting increased burning concurrent with warming or elevated landscape flammability. To quantify spatiotemporal patterns in fire‐regime variability, we synthesized 27 published sediment‐charcoal records from four Alaskan ecoregions, and compared patterns to paleoclimate and paleovegetation records. Biomass burning and fire frequency increased significantly in boreal forest ecoregions with the expansion of black spruce, ca. 6,000–4,000 years before present (yr BP). Biomass burning also increased during warm periods, particularly in the Yukon Flats ecoregion from ca. 1,000 to 500 yr BP. Increases in biomass burning concurrent with constant fire return intervals suggest increases in average fire severity (i.e., more biomass burning per fire) during warm periods. Results also indicate increases in biomass burning over the last century across much of Alaska that exceed Holocene maxima, providing important context for ongoing change. Our analysis documents the sensitivity of fire activity to broad‐scale environmental change, including climate warming and biome‐scale shifts in vegetation. The lack of widespread, prolonged fire synchrony suggests regional heterogeneity limited simultaneous fire‐regime change across our study areas during the Holocene. This finding implies broad‐scale resilience of the boreal forest to extensive fire activity, but does not preclude novel responses to 21st‐century changes. If projected increases in fire activity over the 21st century are realized, they would be unprecedented in the context of the last 8,000 yr or more.
Determination of acid dissociation constants of flavin analogues by capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Tanikami Yuki , Tagami Takuma , Sakamoto Mayu , Arakawa Yukihiro , Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Imada Yasushi , Takayanagi Toshio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcid dissociation constants (pKa) of nine kinds of flavin analogues as molecular catalyst candidates were determined by CZE. Although some of the analogues are instable and degradable under the light exposure or in alkaline aqueous solutions, the effective electrophoretic mobility of the flavin analogue of interest has been measured with the residual substance. The pKa values of the flavin analogues were analyzed through the changes in the effective electrophoretic mobility with varying pH of the separation buffer. One or two steps pKa values were determined by the analysis. One of the degraded species from the flavin analogues, lumichrome, was also detected in the CZE analysis, and its pKa values were also determined. While coexisting impurities generated over the storage conditions were found in some analogues, the pKa values of the target analogues were successfully determined with the help of the CZE separations. A pressure‐assisted CZE was utilized for the determination or the estimation of the pKa values of such analogues as possessing carboxylic acid moiety.
Accuracy and spatial properties of distributed magnetic source imaging techniques in the investigation of focal epilepsy patients
Authors: Pellegrino Giovanni , Hedrich Tanguy , Porras‐Bettancourt Manuel , Lina Jean‐Marc , Aydin Ümit , Hall Jeffery , Grova Christophe , Kobayashi Eliane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSource localization of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) is clinically useful in the presurgical workup of epilepsy patients. We aimed to compare the performance of four different distributed magnetic source imaging (dMSI) approaches: Minimum norm estimate (MNE), dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM), standardized low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), and coherent maximum entropy on the mean (cMEM). We also evaluated whether a simple average of maps obtained from multiple inverse solutions (Ave) can improve localization accuracy. We analyzed dMSI of 206 IEDs derived from magnetoencephalography recordings in 28 focal epilepsy patients who had a well‐defined focus determined through intracranial EEG (iEEG), epileptogenic MRI lesions or surgical resection. dMSI accuracy and spatial properties were quantitatively estimated as: (a) distance from the epilepsy focus, (b) reproducibility, (c) spatial dispersion (SD), (d) map extension, and (e) effect of thresholding on map properties. Clinical performance was excellent for all methods (median distance from the focus MNE = 2.4 mm; sLORETA = 3.5 mm; cMEM = 3.5 mm; dSPM = 6.8 mm, Ave = 0 mm). Ave showed the lowest distance between the map maximum and epilepsy focus (Dmin lower than cMEM, MNE, and dSPM, p = .021, p = .008, p < .001, respectively). cMEM showed the best spatial features, with lowest SD outside the focus (SD lower than all other methods, p < .001 consistently) and high contrast between the generator and surrounding regions. The average map Ave provided the best localization accuracy, whereas cMEM exhibited the lowest amount of spurious distant activity. dMSI techniques have the potential to significantly improve identification of iEEG targets and to guide surgical planning, especially when multiple methods are combined.
A response‐locking protocol to boost sensitivity for fMRI‐based neurochronometry
Authors: Viswanathan Shivakumar , Abdollahi Rouhollah O. , Wang Bin A. , Grefkes Christian , Fink Gereon R. , Daun Silvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe timeline of brain‐wide neural activity relative to a behavioral event is crucial when decoding the neural implementation of a cognitive process. Yet, fMRI assesses neural processes indirectly via delayed and regionally variable hemodynamics. This method‐inherent temporal distortion impacts the interpretation of behavior‐linked neural timing. Here we describe a novel behavioral protocol that aims at disentangling the BOLD dynamics of the pre‐ and post‐response periods in response time tasks. We tested this response‐locking protocol in a perceptual decision‐making (random dot) task. Increasing perceptual difficulty produced expected activity increases over a broad network involving the lateral/medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior insula. However, response‐locking revealed a previously unreported functional dissociation within this network. preSMA and anterior premotor cortex (prePMV) showed post‐response activity modulations while anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex did not. Furthermore, post‐response BOLD activity at preSMA showed a modulation in timing but not amplitude while this pattern was reversed at prePMV. These timeline dissociations with response‐locking thus revealed three functionally distinct sub‐networks in what was seemingly one shared distributed network modulated by perceptual difficulty. These findings suggest that our novel response‐locked protocol could boost the timing‐related sensitivity of fMRI.
Effect of gauze placement soaked with adrenaline at suprabullar recess on hemostasis during endoscopic sinus surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Omura Kazuhiro , Hosokawa Yu , Nomura Kazuhiro , Aoki Satoshi , Tochigi Kosuke , Miyashita Keisuke , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Otori Nobuyoshi , Kojima Hiromi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTopical application of vasoconstrictors is necessary for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for a bloodless surgical view and reduced intraoperative bleeding. We aimed to verify the effectiveness of gauze placement soaked with adrenaline at suprabullar recess, where the anterior ethmoidal artery exists, on hemostasis during ESS.MethodsA randomized, double‐blinded trial was carried out for 26 patients receiving ESS. At the beginning of the surgery, gauze soaked with 2% lidocaine with or without 1:10 000 adrenaline was placed at the suprabullar recess for 8 minutes. Estimated blood loss, surgical field score, and operation time were compared between the two groups.ResultsEstimated blood loss and surgical field score were significantly smaller in the adrenaline group than in the no adrenaline group. Operation time was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionGauze placement soaked with adrenaline at suprabullar recess reduces estimated blood loss and clears the surgical field during ESS.
Effect of COVID‐19 in selecting otolaryngology as a specialty
Authors: Go Beatrice , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 has undoubtedly impacted the health care system while causing lasting and profound implications for medical education. Senior medical students seeking exposure to the field of otolaryngology now find themselves in the challenging position of obtaining the experiences to make an informed decision on a future specialty. Virtual electives using comprehensive online material, discussion, and videos as well as the advent of telemedicine may be potential solutions to increase exposure to otolaryngology. While incorporating opportunities for authentic patient interactions is still a challenge, it is crucial that the academic otolaryngology community prioritize seeking solutions for interested medical students.
Differential propagation of ripples along the proximodistal and septotemporal axes of dorsal CA1 of rats
Authors: Kumar Mekhala , Deshmukh Sachin S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe functional connectivity of the hippocampus with its primary cortical input, the entorhinal cortex, is organized topographically. In area CA1 of the hippocampus, this leads to different functional gradients along the proximodistal and septotemporal axes of spatial/sensory responsivity and spatial resolution respectively. CA1 ripples, a network phenomenon, allow us to test whether the hippocampal neural network shows corresponding gradients in functional connectivity along the two axes. We studied the occurrence and propagation of ripples across the entire proximodistal axis along with a comparable spatial range of the septotemporal axis of dorsal CA1. We observed that ripples could occur at any location, and their amplitudes were independent of the tetrode location along the proximodistal and septotemporal axes. When a ripple was detected on a particular tetrode (“reference tetrode”), however, the probability of cooccurrence of ripples and ripple amplitude observed on the other tetrodes decreased as a function of distance from the reference tetrode. This reduction was greater along the proximodistal axis than the septotemporal axis. Furthermore, we found that ripples propagate primarily along the proximodistal axis. Thus, over a spatial scale of ∼1.5 mm, the network is anisotropic along the two axes, complementing the topographically organized cortico‐hippocampal connections.
Evaluation and determination of subsurface drainage spacing in two steady and unsteady flow conditions with closure of the impermeable layer to the ground surface. case study: Markazi province, Iran*
Authors: Moshayedi Behzad , Najarchi Mohsen , Najafizadeh Mohammad Mahdi , Khaghani Shahab 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper unsteady methods which are a function of time and steady conditions that are independent of time are used to evaluate the subsurface drainage system established in the upstream lands of the Senejan plain located in the centre of Iran. In order to determine the drain spacing, the steady Hooghoudt model and the unsteady Glover–Dumm, modified Glover and van Schilfgaarde models in rainy periods of 2, 3, 4 and 5 days were used, and the distance between computational drains at two depths install drains (180 and 200 cm) was compared with the results of the subsurface drainage project. To compare the results, the mean absolute error (MAE) and standard error (σ) were used. The results showed that MAE and σ values in the 3‐, 4‐ and 5‐day rainfall in the Glover–Dumm model are 9.75 and 0.196% for the depth of 180 cm and 7.944 and 0.15% for the depth of 200 cm, respectively. The above coefficients obtained in the van Schilfgarde model were 8.098 and 0.162% and 6.685 and 0.134% for 2 days precipitation respectively. The results show that the steady method is not in good agreement with the values of the drain spacing. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of clinical pharmacy practice and pharmacy education in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia: A narrative review
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Wen , Yang Lin‐Chun , Mafruhah Okti Ratna , Nguyen Hanh T.H. , Cao Thao T.B. , Yam Felix K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this narrative review, we trace the evolution of health care, clinical pharmacy practice, and pharmacy education in Taiwan and two Southeast Asian countries, Vietnam and Indonesia. In evaluating the current health‐care systems and progress toward health‐care reform, we review the major changes that have impacted pharmacy practice and pharmacy education in each of these countries. The lack of qualified and well‐trained pharmacists has been identified as one of the key barriers to advancement of clinical pharmacy in this region. This shortage is based on a number of factors which include having a pharmacy education system that needs reform and expansion to adequately meet the growing demands of global public health. Many initiatives from organizations such as the World Health Organization, the International Pharmaceutical Federation, and the Federation of Asian Pharmaceutical Associations have influenced the advancement of global pharmacy practice and education. Moreover, we highlight key legislative changes that have impacted clinical pharmacy development in these countries and discuss how foreign policy changes in Taiwan have increased its collaboration with foreign pharmacy schools in Vietnam and Indonesia. Understanding the history and progress of clinical pharmacy education in these countries is important to help shape future collaborations that advance pharmacy practice and improve global health.
A novel photostable near‐infrared‐to‐near‐infrared fluorescent nanoparticle for in vivo imaging
Authors: Fan Qi , Cui Xiaoxia , Wang Quan , Gao Peng , Shi Shengjia , Wen Weihua , Guo Haitao , Xu Yantao , Peng Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater‐soluble K5HoLi2F10 (KHLF) nanoprobes with the excitation and emission both in the near‐infrared (NIR) region were developed and first demonstrated for in vivo imaging of living mice. The PEG400 coating endows the nanoprobes with good water solubility and biocompatibility. Doping with Ho3+ ions is capable of emitting NIR fluorescence with two peaks centered, respectively, at 887 and 1,180 nm once excited by a 808 nm laser; meanwhile, it also possess good photothermal conversion performance. The KHLF matrix with specifically structure of large ion‐distance and low photon energy imparts the nanoprobes low quenching effect and excellent photostability (fluorescence decrease <5% upon 120 min illumination of 808 nm continuous laser with a power density of 1 W/cm2). The nanoparticles (NPs) were tested for in vitro bioimaging with living mice. The results show the NPs have low biotoxicity, rapid metabolism, normal biodistribution, together with the photothermal imaging performance and a high‐contrast fluorescence images (signal‐to‐background ratio of 14:1). The superior performances of these nanoprobes in vivo imaging of mice proclaim the great potential of this type of probe for high‐contrast imaging and photothermal treatment in practical applications.
High porous electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/gelatin/MgO scaffolds preseeded with endometrial stem cells promote tissue regeneration in full‐thickness skin wounds: An in vivo study
Authors: Ababzadeh Shima , Farzin Ali , Goodarzi Arash , Karimi Roya , Sagharjoghi Farahani Morteza , Eslami Farsani Mohsen , Gharibzad Kamelia , Zahiri Maria , Ai Jafar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the current study, electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐gelatin (PCL‐Gel) fibrous scaffolds containing magnesium oxide (MgO) particles and preseeded with human endometrial stem cells (hEnSCs) were developed to use as wound care material in skin tissue engineering applications. Electrospun fibers were fabricated using PCL‐Gel (1:1 [wt/wt]) with different concentrations of MgO particles (1, 2, and 4 wt%). The fibrous scaffolds were evaluated regarding their microstructure, mechanical properties, surface wettability, and in vitro and in vivo performances. The full‐thickness excisional wound model was used to evaluate the in vivo wound healing ability of the fabricated scaffolds. Our findings confirmed that the wounds covered with PCL‐Gel fibrous scaffolds containing 2 wt% MgO and preseeded with hEnSCs have nearly 79% wound closure ability while sterile gauze showed 11% of wound size reduction. Our results can be employed for biomaterials aimed at the healing of full‐thickness skin wounds.
Study on the osteogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells and the long‐term antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the surface of silver‐rich TiN/Ag modified titanium alloy
Authors: Wan Rongxin , Chu Shanshan , Wang Xiaojuan , Lei Li , Tang Huiqing , Hu Guoying , Dong Lei , Li Dejun , Gu Hanqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe main causes of failure of orthopedic implants are infection and poor bone ingrowth. Surface modification of the implants to allow for long‐term antibacterial and osteogenic functions is an effective solution to prevent failure of the implants. We developed silver‐rich TiN/Ag nano‐multilayers on the surface of titanium alloy with different doses of Ag+. The antibacterial stability and osteogenesis of the silver‐rich surface were determined by evaluating the adhesion and proliferation of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and the expression level of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The results demonstrated that the antibacterial rates (Ra) of 5 × 1016‐Ag, 1 × 1017‐Ag, 5 × 1017‐Ag, and 1 × 1018‐Ag were respectively 46.21%, 85.66%, 94.99%, 98.48%, and 99.99%. After subcutaneous implantation in rats or immersion in phosphate buffered saline for up to 12 weeks, the silver‐rich surface of the titanium alloy showed long‐term stable inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the Ag‐implanted titanium did not show apparent cytotoxicity and that lower Ag+ implanted groups (5 × 1016‐Ag, 1 × 1017‐Ag) had better viability and biological safety when compared with higher Ag+ implanted groups. In addition, when compared with the Ti6Al4V‐group, all Ag‐implanted groups exhibited enhanced osteogenic indicators in rat BMSCs. Regarding osteogenic indicators, the surfaces of the 5 × 1017‐Ag group had better osteogenic effects than those of other groups. Therefore, the proper dose of Ag+ implanted TiN/Ag nano‐multilayers may be one of the options for the hard tissue replacement materials with antibacterial activity and osteogenic functions.
The current status of temporal network analysis for clinical science: Considerations as the paradigm shifts?
Authors: Jordan D. Gage , Winer E. Samuel , Salem Taban 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveNetwork analysis in psychology has ushered in a potentially revolutionary way of analyzing clinical data. One novel methodology is in the construction of temporal networks, models that examine directionality between symptoms over time. This paper provides context for how these models are applied to clinically‐relevant longitudinal data.MethodsWe provide a survey of statistical and methodological issues involved in temporal network analysis, providing a description of available estimation tools and applications for conducting such analyses. Further, we provide supplemental R code and discuss simulations examining temporal networks that vary in sample size, number of variables, and number of time points.ResultsThe following packages and software are reviewed: graphicalVAR, mlVAR, gimme, SparseTSCGM, mgm, psychonetrics, and the Mplus dynamic structural equation modeling module. We discuss the utility each procedure has for specific design considerations.ConclusionWe conclude with notes on resources for estimating these models, emphasizing how temporal networks best approximate network theory.
Histone H4 variant, H4G, drives ribosomal RNA transcription and breast cancer cell proliferation by loosening nucleolar chromatin structure
Authors: Pang Matthew Y. H. , Sun Xulun , Ausió Juan , Ishibashi Toyotaka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe hominidae‐specific histone variant H4G is expressed in breast cancer patients in a stage‐dependent manner. H4G localizes primarily in the nucleoli via its interaction with nucleophosmin (NPM1). H4G is involved in rDNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis, which facilitates breast cancer cell proliferation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unknown. Here, we show that H4G is not stably incorporated into nucleolar chromatin, even with the chaperoning assistance of NPM1. H4G likely form transient nucleosome‐like‐structure that undergoes rapid dissociation. In addition, the nucleolar chromatin in H4GKO cells is more compact than WT cells. Altogether, our results suggest that H4G relaxes the nucleolar chromatin and enhances rRNA transcription by forming destabilized nucleosome in breast cancer cells.