bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallographic evidence of Watson–Crick connectivity in the base pair of anionic adenine with thymine
Authors: Mishra Manish Kumar , Kelley Steven P. , Smetana Volodymyr , Dixon David A. , McNeill Ashley S. , Mudring Anja-Verena , Rogers Robin D. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
All genetic information on Earth is encrypted in DNA and RNA with the nucleobases and their pairs being the main information units. There are strict established rules how nucleobases can interact between each other in the DNA. These rules can though be affected by external factors such as radiation causing formation of the deprotonated charged species. Although such species are extremely unstable and low in abundance, they may affect local connectivity and introduce wrong units in the DNA chain, so proper characterization of their interactions is of enhanced importance. Here we could obtain anionic nucleobases in stable form in the solid state, opening the possibility to study them crystallographically and develop theoretical models for real biological systems.
Collective preferences in Dutch revealed by a covered-box experiment
Authors: Koster Anna de , Spenader Jennifer , Hendriks Petra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sentences with plural expressions are compatible with distributive and collective interpretations. Adults
generally prefer collective interpretations, whereas children do not. Dotlačil (2010)
argues that the adult collective preference arises via an implicature. Adults can reason about alternative utterances with the
distributive marker each, thereby ruling out distributive interpretations in favor of collective interpretations.
Experiment 1 used the covered-box paradigm to investigate whether adults and children make the comparisons predicted by Dotlačil’s
implicature account. Adults’ responses suggest that they made comparisons with internally generated alternatives, supporting the
implicature account. Moreover, children seem to do so from around 11 years old onwards, after they have learned the distributive
character of each. Experiment 2 excluded the possibility that our results in Experiment 1 were influenced by
participants’ exposure to both collective and distributive pictures, making the collective interpretation more salient. Both
experiments thus point towards an implicature underlying the adult collective preference.
Split auxiliary selection with affected subjects in Old Majorcan Catalan
Authors: Salvà i Puig Sebastià 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We aim to shed light on the split auxiliary selection found in Old Majorcan Catalan, in constructions where, instead of haver (‘have’), esser (‘be’) is used as the auxiliary verb for compound tenses, although just with persons 1 & 2; not only with unaccusative verbs, but also with transitive and unergative verbs. We claim that, in fact, these constructions have affected or undergoer subjects, derived from a lower position: at least, [Spec, ProcessP]. Hence, this system for auxiliary selection is mixed: both person-driven and event-driven. The Majorcan data provide evidence in favour of Ramchand’s (2008; 2018) decomposition of the vP, and for a nanosyntactic lexicalization of the auxiliaries: haver lexicalizes a chunk such as [Aux, i*], while esser lexicalizes only [Aux], in case a Person[+participant] head intervenes.
Palenque (Colombia)
Authors: Schwegler Armin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article examines the revitalization of African language survivals in the former maroon community of Palenque, Colombia. During much of the 20th century, lexical Africanisms in everyday Palenquero creole were scant. Ritual language (Lumbalú) and the speech of a few elderly Palenqueros still contained isolated Africanisms, but these had become archaic, nearing extinction.
Profound sociolinguistic changes in Palenque in the 1980-90s introduced sentiments of negritud (‘black awareness’) and appreciation for “all things African”, lexicalia included. Thus, younger Palenqueros – with the help of some Lengua teachers – developed lists of Afro-Palenquero archaisms, rescuing them from oblivion. Various mechanisms spread these lexicalia “africana” to the wider speech community, where they are embraced as an index of their maroon and Afro-Colombian identity.
Prevalence of Marijuana use among Trauma Patients before and after Legalization of Medical Marijuana: The Arizona Experience
Authors: Levine Michael , Jontz Ashley , Dabrowski Paul , Claudius Ilene A. , Kreisler Rachael , Yee Noa , LoVecchio Frank 
Published: July 2020

Background In recent years, marijuana has become legal for use in many states, for either medicinal or recreational purposes. Objective: The primary objective is to determine if legalization of medical marijuana is associated with an increased use among trauma patients. Methods Prospective observational study included three periods; (pre-legalization; period 1); legal to grow for medicinal purposes but no dispensaries open (period 2); and legal to purchase medicinal marijuana in a dispensary (period 3). The study included all adult trauma patients presenting to an urban level I trauma center in Phoenix, AZ. The prevalence of use (as defined by positive urine drug screen or self-reporting) in each time period was determined and compared using two sample tests of proportion. Confidence intervals for prevalence (self-reporting only) were compared with published age matched data from the same geographical region of the general population. Results The prevalence of marijuana use increased significantly from pre-legalization (period 1) to post legalization (periods 2 and 3), but there was no significant change between the two post legalization periods. After controlling for age and sex, the odds of being marijuana positive post-legalization vs. pre-legalization was 1.36, p = 0.006 95%CI [1.09–1.7]. Overall, the prevalence of marijuana among trauma patients was nearly four-fold higher than the population as a whole in the same geographic region. Patients who use marijuana are more likely to use cocaine or amphetamine (OR 2.31; 95% CI 1.86–2.89) or had an ethanol level above 80 mg/dL (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.32–1.87). Conclusion The legalization of medicinal marijuana is associated with significantly increased prevalence among trauma patients. It appears that legalization, rather than the convenience of dispensaries, is associated with an increase in use.
A SO(1,3) gauge theory of quantum gravity: quantization and renormalizability proof
Authors: Wiesendanger C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new SO(1,3) gauge field theory classically equivalent to general relativity in a limiting case is quantized and the gauge-fixed path integral representation of the quantum effective action (QEA) is derived. Both the gauge-fixed classical action and the QEA are shown to be invariant under nilpotent BRST variations of the gauge, matter, ghost, antighost and Nakanishi–Lautrup fields defining the theory and a Zinn-Justin equation constraining the QEA is derived. Dimensional analysis and the various linear constraints put on the QEA plus the ones from the non-linear Zinn-Justin equation are deployed to demonstrate full renormalizability such that all infinities appearing in a perturbative expansion of the QEA can be absorbed into the gauge-fixed classical action solely by field renormalizations and coupling redefinitions—providing the third step in consistently quantizing the SO(1,3) gauge field theory at hands, and with it potentially gravity.
Note on equatorial geodesics in circular spacetimes
Authors: Aelst K Van 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
General results on equatorial geodesics are exposed in the case of circular spacetimes featuring an equatorial reflection symmetry. The way the geodesic equation equivalently rewrites in terms of an effective potential is explicitly recalled for circular and non-circular equatorial geodesics. This provides a practical tool to discuss their stability. Statements are illustrated in Kerr spacetime.
Did Schrödinger have other options?
Authors: Grave de Peralta Luis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Wave mechanics triumphed when Schrödinger published his now famous equation and showed how to describe hydrogen-like atoms using it. However, while looking for the right equation, Schrödinger first explored, but did not publish, the equation that we today call the Klein–Gordon equation. An alternative possible choice is explored in this work. It is shown a quasi-relativistic wave equation which solutions match the Schrödinger’s results at electron energies much smaller than the energy associated to the electron’s mass, but include, at higher energies, the relativity energy’s correction calculated in traditional first order perturbation theory. A discussion is presented about several consequences that would follow from using this quasi-relativistic wave equation as a quantum mechanics foundational equation. It is also suggested the academic use of this equation for introducing the students to the implications of the special theory of relativity in introductory quantum mechanics courses.
A dedicated phantom design for positron emission mammography performance evaluation
Authors: Torres-Urzúa Luis Fernando , Alva-Sánchez Héctor , Martínez-Dávalos Arnulfo , García-Pérez Francisco Osvaldo , Peruyero-Rivas Rocío Marlene , Rodríguez-Villafuerte Mercedes 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A standard protocol for performance evaluation of positron emission mammography (PEM) systems has not yet been established. In this work we propose a methodology based on the design of specific phantoms for this imaging modality with component dimensions in accordance with typical breast lesion sizes together with the adaptation of current international protocols designed for clinical and preclinical positron emission tomographs (PET) systems. This methodology was used to evaluate the performance of the Flex Solo II PEM scanner in terms of spatial resolution, uniformity and contrast lesion detectability, recovery coefficients and spill-over ratios. Positron range effects were studied with 18F and 68Ga, which have very different energy spectra. Our results indicate that in-plane spatial resolution of the system is around 3.0 mm and 4.4 mm for 18F and 68Ga, respectively. Lesion detectability tests with sphere diameters between 4 and 10 mm confirmed that the PEM system can resolve all the spheres (hot or cold). Percent contrast values for 18F lie between 6%–38% and 34%–51% for hot- and cold- spheres, respectively; the corresponding intervals for 68Ga are lower, 4%–25% and 32%–44%. Regarding uniformity quantification, the system shows percentage standard deviations within 4.9%–5.7%, while the percent background variability measurements ranged between 6.7% and 10.9% for both radionuclides. Recovery coefficients measured with hot rod diameters between 1.5 and 9 mm, have values between 0.2–1.05 and 0.17–0.69 for 18F and 68Ga, respectively. Spill-over ratios have large values (0.22 in average) for both radionuclides. Our results indicate that the phantoms and the methodology developed in this work can serve as the basis for establishing an image quality protocol for the systematic evaluation of PEM systems, with a potential extension for performance evaluation of dedicated breastPET scanners.
Results from the Alfvén Eigenmode Active Diagnostic during the 2019-2020 JET deuterium campaign
Authors: Tinguely R A , Puglia P G , Fil N , Dowson S , Porkolab M , Fasoli A , Testa D , Contributors JET 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of extensive analysis of mode excitation observed during the operation of the Alfvén Eigenmode Active Diagnostic (AEAD) in the JET tokamak during the 2019-2020 deuterium campaign. Six of eight toroidally spaced antennas, each with independent power and phasing, were successful in actively exciting stable MHD modes in 479 plasmas. In total, magnetic resonances were detected with up to fourteen fast magnetic probes. In this work, we present the calculations of resonant frequencies f
0, damping rates γ < 0, and toroidal mode numbers n, spanning the parameter ranges f
0≈ 30–250 kHz, −γ ≈ 0–13 kHz, and

|
n
|
≤

30

. In general, good agreement is seen between the resonant and the calculated toroidal Alfvén Eigenmode frequencies, and between the toroidal mode numbers applied by the AEAD and estimated of the excited resonances. We note several trends in the database: the probability of resonance detection decreases with plasma current and external heating power; the normalized damping rate increases with edge safety factor but decreases with external heating. These results provide key information to prepare future experimental campaigns and to better understand the physics of excitation and damping of Alfvén Eigenmodes in the presence of alpha particles during the upcoming DT campaign, thereby extrapolating with confidence to future tokamaks.
Carbon-based printed strain sensor array for remote and automated structural health monitoring
Authors: Zymelka Daniel , Togashi Kazuyoshi , Kobayashi Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The development of new technologies that incorporate strain sensors for reliable collection of relevant information on the state of civil structures is gaining attention. In this study, an array of 25 printed strain sensors made of inexpensive carbon-based materials is demonstrated. The sensors were incorporated into a flexible substrate with a double-sided copper wiring system. The laboratory tests revealed that the sensors have a gauge factor of 3.27. Moreover, these are highly effective in compensating for temperature variations owing to the full Wheatstone bridge configuration. Two sensor arrays equipped with a wireless data acquisition system that provides automated and remote measurements were deployed on a highway bridge for a five-month-long field test. The collected results revealed the versatility of the printed sensors for various applications within the framework of structural health monitoring (SHM), including the detection and monitoring of defects as well as quantitative analysis of traffic. The sensors demonstrate long-term durability and therefore, the potential for practical application in SHM.
Decoding multiclass motor imagery EEG from the same upper limb by combining Riemannian geometry features and partial least squares regression
Authors: Chu Yaqi , Zhao Xingang , Zou Yijun , Xu Weiliang , Song Guoli , Han Jianda , Zhao Yiwen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective. Due to low spatial resolution and poor signal-to-noise ratio of electroencephalogram (EEG), high accuracy classifications still suffer from lots of obstacles in the context of motor imagery (MI)-based brain-machine interface (BMI) systems. Particularly, it is extremely challenging to decode multiclass MI EEG from the same upper limb. This research proposes a novel feature learning approach to address the classification problem of 6-class MI tasks, including imaginary elbow flexion/extension, wrist supination/pronation, and hand close/open within the unilateral upper limb. Approach. Instead of the traditional common spatial pattern (CSP) or filter-bank CSP (FBCSP) manner, the Riemannian geometry (RG) framework involving Riemannian distance and Riemannian mean was directly adopted to extract tangent space (TS) features from spatial covariance matrices of the MI EEG trials. Subsequently, to reduce the dimensionality of the TS features, the algorithm of partial least squares regression was applied to obtain more separable and compact feature representations. Main results. The performance of the learned RG feature representations was validated by a linear discriminative analysis and support vector machine classifier, with an average accuracy of 80.50% and 79.70% on EEG dataset collected from 12 participants, respectively. Significance. These results demonstrate that compared with CSP and FBCSP features, the proposed approach can significantly increase the decoding accuracy for multiclass MI tasks from the same upper limb. This approach is promising and could potentially be applied in the context of MI-based BMI control of a robotic arm or a neural prosthesis for motor disabled patients with highly impaired upper limb.
Geometric properties of SOCP problem constraints on ℝ2 and ℝ3
Authors: Caturiyati  , Lestari H P , Krisnawan K P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the geometric properties of the intersection of SOCP problem constraints in case R2 and R3. SOCP Problem is one developing problem of linear programming where cone equalities or inequalities are as the constraints. If in linear programming problem, we can only concern to the optimal solution of the problem. However, the results of the intersection in SOCP require more serious observation. It is because of the cone-shaped constraints needed more guarantee of the convexity. The geometric properties of the intersection of SOCP problem constraints are 1.) Convex spaces in R2 and R3, 2.) Finite region, infinite region, finite space, or infinite space, and 3.) A polygon in R2 and not a polyhedron in R3.
Detection of palm fruit maturity level in the grading process through image recognition and fuzzy inference system to improve quality and productivity of crude palm oil (CPO)
Authors: Syaifuddin A , Mualifah L N A , Hidayat L , Abadi A M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The agricultural sub-sector that has the potential to develop is the plantation sub-sector. The plantation sub-sector contributes around 3.57% in GDP. Plantation sub-sector commodities whose growth is very rapid are oil palm which is the basic ingredient in making palm oil (CPO). The world need for oil and vegetable fats which continues to increase, must be supported by an increase in palm oil production. Determination / grading of oil palm fruit that is still done manually is certainly not effective if done for the large-scale oil palm industry, so there needs to be innovation in the process of selecting / grading palm fruit to obtain the right maturity of palm fruit. This research uses research & development methods. In general, this research detects the maturity level of palm fruit from its outer color. Test the colour of the outer palm fruit based on image taking. Parameters were formed based on the matrix and used the image process that is obtained as input values on the fuzzy inference system. Hardware integration with a digital image processing computing system is done so that the resulting data can be directly processed and recognized in real time. The recognition system for oil palm fruit maturity can be done by: sample data fulfillment, pre-processing of sample images, extraction of image data using the GLCM method, determining extraction features using regression methods, dividing data into training data and test data, doing clustering, building fuzzy systems use training data, testing the accuracy of the system. Obtained accuracy for training data is 73.07% and testing data is 71.4%.
Improvement of solution using local search method by perturbation on VRPTW variants
Authors: Wahyuningsih S , Satyananda D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One application of graph theory is to optimize the distribution problem. This problem can be solved using Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window (VRPTW) model and its variants such as VRPTW, CVRPTW dan OVRPTW. This article comprehends the improvement of the solution with the local search method using perturbation on those variants. There are three parts in the method: generating an initial solution, improvement using local search, and perturbation. The initial solution was generated using the sequential insertion algorithm, the local search process used inter-route and intra-route operators, and the perturbation using ejection chain and double swap. Result of experiments showed that perturbation using double swap gave a better solution than ejection chain. This caused by two-times movement in the double swap that could examine all optimal solution possibilities. An example of implementation the VRPTW variant on distribution optimization is given in this article.
Development of Geogebra-assisted student worksheet for transformational geometry learning
Authors: Lestari H P , Sugiyono  , Listyani E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study aims to develop Student Worksheets assisted by Geogebra software to be used in Geometry Transformation lectures. This research is a development research to develop Geogebra assisted Student Worksheet for Transformational Geometry learning. This development research refers to the Jan van den Akker model, namely: 1) Preliminary investigation, 2) Theoretical embedding, 3) Empirical testing, and 4) Process and results of documentation, analysis and reflection. The instruments in this study are the Observation Sheet and Tests. The results of this study are a set of Student Worksheets that can be used in Transformational Geometry learning. The Student Worksheets contain several student activities using Geogebra software to improve student problem solving skills. In general, developed Student Worksheets are of good quality. The aspect of practicality of Student Worksheets meets very good criteria based on student responses, namely with a score of 3.33 from the maximum score 4. Judging from the aspect of effectiveness, Student Worksheets meet good criteria based on the results of student problem solving ability tests, which score is 2.34 from the score maximum 4. The constraints faced in developing and implementing Geogebra-assisted worksheet are that students are still not fluent using Geogebra software and are still having difficulty interpreting Geogebra’s appearance and output.
Bifurcation analysis of electrostatically actuated MEMS micro-beam
Authors: Krisnawan K P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of micro-beam stiffness and length change to the dynamic of the system. The nonlinear vibrations model of microbeam is simplified by Galerkin method and then transformed into a dynamical system. Based on the emergence of zero eigen values and the increase in the number of equilibria, the equation is analysed using normalization and the bifurcation diagram is drawn. Hopf and Pitchfork bifurcation showed by the normalized equation. The change of both parameters, stiffness and length, exhibits a codimension 2 bifurcation, Pitchfork–Hopf bifurcation. And, when we make a roundtrip around the Pitchfork–Hopf point, we meet Pitchfork bifurcation twice, a Hopf bifurcation, and a heteroclinic cycle.
Comparison of PROMETHEE –TOPSIS method based on SAW and AHP weighting for school e-learning readiness evaluation
Authors: Andayani S , Sumarno HM B , Waryanto NH 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As the demand for using e-learning rising for all subjects at schools in digital era, the successful implementation of e-learning is important to be well prepared. The successful is influenced by many factors, including the provision of technology infrastructure, Human Resources, organizational culture and leadership factors. For this reason it is necessary to evaluate the readiness of schools in implementing e-learning, which is known as e-learning readiness (ELR). Evaluation of school ELR is carried out to analyse the strengths, weaknesses and dominant factors in implementing e-learning in schools, so that it can be a reference in policy making by related parties. ELR evaluation is carried out using the PROMETHEE and TOPSIS methods based on the weighting of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data used is the readiness for e-learning implementation on the specified criteria. There are eight criteria to measure e-learning readiness (ELR) of schools, namely Psychological readiness, Sociological readiness, Environmental readiness, Human resource readiness, Financial readiness, Technological skill (aptitude) readiness, Equipment readiness, Content readiness. The evaluation model using the PROMETHEE and TOPSIS methods will provide the results of a school’s e-learning readiness ranking, based on the weighting of criteria determined using SAW and AHP. In addition, these results are expected to reveal the weaknesses that need improvement, as well as the strengths that support the implementation of e-learning.