bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The awareness of Polish society about bee pollen and its health-promoting properties - preliminary assessment of factors determined bee pollen supplementation in survey-based study
Authors: Sławiński Mirosław , Jarosz Piotr Michał , Jasielski Patryk , Zarobkiewicz Michał , Wawryk-Gawda Ewelina , Jodłowska-Jędrych Barbara 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The apiculture is an old and long-established craft. Bee pollen is a flower pollen packed by bees and used as a food source for a hive. Mainly, it consists of simple sugars, protein, fatty acid but also minerals and vitamins. Bee pollen has multiple properties: antioxidative, antineoplastic, antibacterial and much more. It is commonly used by herbalists in treatment of certain medical conditions. Nevertheless, it is unsure whether bee pollen has any health benefits.Purpose: The aim of our study was to assess initially a knowledge of respondents about bee pollen and find out which factors can determine bee pollen supplementation.Materials and methods: The study was based on an on-line questionnaire, which was created by using Google Forms tool. It consisted of 27 both open and closed questions. Anonymity and resignation opportunity were warranted. The statistical analysis based on questionnaires were elaborated by using R custom script.The Pearson Chi-square test was applied to investigate the relationship between bee pollen usage and: (a) gender, (b) body mass index (BMI) and (c) living area.Results: The study was based on questionnaires given to 511 respondents, 153 of them were represented by men, whereas 358 by women. The 403 respondents gathered what was bee pollen. Bee pollen has been used by 123 persons (24% of respondents). Majority of respondents knew what bee pollen is. However, only one third of this group already used this product in their diet. People who took bee pollen had awareness about the advantages of this dietary supplement. Interestingly, Chi-square test analysis showed that the relationship between bee pollen usage and gender, as well as bee pollen usage and BMI is statistically significant. Contrary, there is no relationship between bee pollen and living area. Conclusions: Our study has highlighted the issue of this problem area among polish society. Quarter of respondents have ever used bee pollen as a part of their diet. Current results show that polish society has been able to have the knowledge about its beneficial properties, because of their declaration submitted to our survey.
Ensuring universal assessment and management of vitamin D status in melanoma patients at secondary care level: a service improvement project
Authors: Gupta Madhumita , Maamoun Wareth , Maher Mohamed , Jaffe Wayne 
Published: October 2020

Background/Aims Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignancy with an ever-increasing caseload, especially in the western world. Recently developed immunotherapeutic modalities have substantially improved the prognosis of advanced melanoma. The association between serum levels of vitamin D and prognosis of melanoma has been a focus of ongoing research, with some evidence of vitamin D's potential as an adjunctive modality to immunotherapy. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines clearly recommend that assessment of vitamin D levels and relevant advice should be an inherent aspect of the management of patients with melanoma at the secondary care level. Method A service improvement project was conducted to ensure full compliance of practice in the authors' skin unit with the current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines on the management of vitamin D status in patients with melanoma. Results After two reaudits the unit's practice complied with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines by using a multidisciplinary team approach. Conclusions The authors propose that the simple and reliable pathway used to achieve and sustain the results could be easily adopted to ensure universal adherence to these guidelines.
Back-of-the-envelope image resolution estimation using an aberrated Rayleigh criterion
Authors: Mudge Jason 
Published: October 2020

In an optical imaging sensor (i.e., lens plus focal plane array), the critical output is the image itself, and quality of that image is a measure of the sensor’s performance. Image quality is dependent on several terms such as the sensor-level point-spread function (PSF), sampling period, and signal-to-noise ratio. The sensor resolution is mainly dependent on the PSF, which is comprised of many aspects. Often, the resolution is determined by the diffraction-limited Rayleigh criterion; however, due to the blur contributions of the collecting optics wavefront errors, pixel size, etc., the sensor PSF is not often diffraction-limited. Here, we develop two simple back-of-the-envelope calculations that provide an estimate of a nondiffraction-limited imaging sensor PSF size based on the sensor-level required resolution. Moreover, an allocation based on this PSF size can be used to dole out an allotment to the various blur effects, e.g., wavefront error, during sensor-level design.
Validation of PELOD-2 score as a predictor of life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis
Authors: Simanjuntak Yuyun Romaria , Saputra Indra , Triratna Silvia , Bakri Achirul , Iriani Yulia 
Published: October 2020

Background The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to immune dysregulation against infection. It recommends the Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score to evaluate life-threatening organ dysfunction. But the SOFA tool has not been adjusted for pediatric patients. The Indonesian Pediatrics Society (IPS) uses the same sepsis definition and recommends using the PELOD-2 score as an indicator of life-threatening organ dysfunction in children.
Objective To evaluate the validity of the PELOD-2 score for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis.
Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in children with sepsis who were admitted to the PICU. Subjects were taken consecutively with inclusion criteria of 1 month-18 years of age, with organ dysfunction, having two or more symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and suspected or proven infection. PELOD-2 score, with and without lactate result, of each subject were plotted to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, then we determined the most optimal cut off point to predict the life-threathneing organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis based on the sensitivity and specificity of each score.
Results Sixty-six patients were analyzed, with 40 males and 26 females aged 2 to 183 months (median 11 months). Twenty patients died while in the PICU. A PELOD-2 score (with lactate) cut-off ≥ 7 was determined by ROC curve, with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 78%. The area under the curve (AUC) of PELOD-2 score (with lactate) was 84.8% (95%CI 74.7 to 95.9%). A PELOD-2 score (without lactate) ≥ 7 was the most optimum cut off based on its Youden index, it haD 70% of sensitivity and 80% of specificity.
Conclusion PELOD-2 score ≥ 7 , with or without lactate component is the optimal cut-off for predicting life-threatening organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis.
Age at menarche and body fat in adolescent girls
Authors: Pulungan Aman Bhakti , Nugraheni Resyana Putri , Advani Najib , Akib Arwin AP , Devaera Yoga , Sjakti Hikari Ambara , Andarie Attika Adrianti 
Published: October 2020

Background Menarcheal age is important in adolescent girls due to its associations with health outcomes at adulthood. Modifiable factors that may influence menarcheal age include body fat mass and fat distribution.
Objective: To investigate possible correlations between body fat mass and fat distribution with age at menarche in adolescent girls.
Methods This study was a cross-sectional study on 32 girls aged 10-15 years in Central Jakarta, who experienced menarche within the time period of July to September 2019. Data on menarcheal age was collected by recall. Body fat mass and distribution were calculated using anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) results.
Results The mean age of study subjects was 12.06 (SD 0.82) years and the mean age at menarche was 11.91 (SD 0.83) years. Correlation tests revealed a moderate negative correlation between body mass index-for-age and menarcheal age (r= -0.45; P=0.01) and weak negative correlation between waist-height ratio and menarcheal age (r= -0.37; P=0.03).
Conclusion Menarcheal age is correlated with body mass index-for-age and waist-height ratio. However, no significant correlations between menarcheal age and body fat mass or distribution are found.
Brain natriuretic peptide and atrial septal defect size in children
Authors: Lawang Siti Aizah , Huntoyungo Haryanty Kartini , Daud Dasril 
Published: October 2020

Background Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common forms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a heart marker released into the circulation during pressure overload, heart volume expansion, and increased stress on +the myocardial wall.
Objective To assess for a possible association between atrial septal defect size and BNP level in pediatric patients.
Methods This cross sectional study on children with ASD was done from March to December 2018 in pediatric outpatients and inpatients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi. Measurement of ASD defect was conducted using echocardiography and categorized as small defect (<3 mm), medium defect (3-8 mm), and large defect (>8 mm). Brain natriuretic peptide was measured using radioimmunoassay and immunoradiometricassay. Nutritional status was categorized using WHO if the patients aged younger than 5 years and NCHS for patients aged equal or more than 5-year-old.
Results Mean BNP levels were 65.5 pg/mL in the small ASD group, 273.2 pg/mL in the moderate ASD group, and in 654.5 pg/mL in the large ASD group, with significant differences among ASD groups. We found a significant positive correlation between BNP levels and ASD diameter (r=0.829; P=0.001), with Y regression equation of: (BNP level) =2.624 + 0.009X (ASD diameter in mm).
Conclusion Brain natriuretic peptide levels have significant positive correlation with ASD size. Hence, BNP measurements can be used to predict septal defect size in children with ASD. Acyanotic CHD patients with suspected ASD and high BNP levels may have moderate-to-large ASDs.
Change-of-Direction Ability, Linear Sprint Speed, and Sprint Momentum in Elite Female Athletes: Differences Between Three Different Team Sports
Authors: Freitas Tomás T. , Pereira Lucas A. , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Comyns Thomas M. , Azevedo Paulo H.S.M. , Loturco Irineu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Freitas, TT, Pereira, LA, Alcaraz, PE, Comyns, TM, Azevedo, PHSM, and Loturco, I. Change-of-direction ability, linear sprint speed, and sprint momentum in elite female athletes: differences between three different team sports. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 262–267, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the performance of elite female players from 3 different sports in linear sprint and change-of-direction (COD) tests and examine their efficiency for changing direction through the calculation of the COD deficit (i.e., the difference in velocity between a linear sprint and a COD task of equal distance). One hundred fifty-four elite players (rugby, n = 40, national team members; soccer, n = 57 and handball n = 57, first division players from the respective Brazilian National Championships) were assessed in the 20-m linear sprint and Zigzag COD tests. A one-way analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc was used to detect between-sport differences. Female rugby sevens players achieved faster sprint velocities than handball (20‐m: 6.21 ± 0.24 m·s−1; 6.07 ± 0.27 m·s−1, respectively; p < 0.05) and soccer players (5‐m: 4.71 ± 0.26 m·s−1 vs. 4.51 ± 0.20 m·s−1; and 20‐m: 6.08 ± 0.19 m·s−1; p < 0.05) and exhibited the greatest COD deficits (2.95 ± 0.25 m·s−1; 2.69 ± 0.19 m·s−1; 2.82 ± 0.17 m·s−1, for rugby, handball, and soccer, respectively; p < 0.05). Handball players outperformed all other athletes in the Zigzag test (3.38 ± 0.15 m·s−1; 3.26 ± 0.10 m·s−1; 3.26 ± 0.10 m·s−1, for handball, rugby, and soccer, respectively; p < 0.05) but presented the lowest COD deficits (p < 0.05). Furthermore, soccer players displayed inferior sprint momentum when compared with the other sports (p < 0.05). Linear sprint and COD ability differ significantly among elite female athletes from different team sports, with handball players exhibiting a greater COD speed and efficiency to change direction, with respect to their maximum sprint velocity. The between-sport differences observed suggests that specific training and game demands may affect both sprint and COD performance.
Empowering the Workforce in Post–COVID-19 Smart Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Wuest Thorsten , Romero David , Cavuoto Lora A. , Megahed Fadel M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed many issues within the global value chains and caught many companies with their guard down during the early stages of their digital transformation. Several COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as travel restrictions, social distancing, and remote work were quickly introduced, and many manufacturing companies have struggled to keep their factories operational. As a result, smart technologies, such as artificial intelligence and wearables, have been rapidly deployed on the shop floor to mitigate the COVID-19 impact with the short-term objective of keeping the workforce safe and the facilities compliant with the requirements to remain open. The majority of these newly introduced and rapidly deployed smart systems carry a significant price tag. This paper explores the impacts of this rapid adoption of smart technologies with regard to the workforce’s role in smart manufacturing systems during and post–COVID-19. Furthermore, we attempt to provide initial insights to the question: “What is the long-term impact and value of these rapidly deployed and sophisticated smart technologies in the post–COVID-19 Smart Manufacturing Systems?”
Realizing Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing in the Post–COVID-19 Era
Authors: Diaz-Elsayed Nancy , Morris K. C. , Schoop Julius 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The unique and unprecedented challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have resulted in significant disruptions to diverse manufacturing supply chains across the globe. The negative economic impacts of these unexpected and rapid changes in demand and available supplies have been severe, and the economic sustainability of many businesses has been revealed as being highly sensitive to such changes. COVID-19 will inevitably change manufacturing, potentially in a way that is not sustainable unless we factor sustainability into our “redesign.” Otherwise, the industry will remain overwhelmed in a reactionary cycle when the next major problem emerges, such as a lack of resources during a natural or man-made disaster. In this article, we present strategies for addressing three sustainability challenges relevant to manufacturing introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) an increase in waste generation, (2) uncertainty in life cycle impacts, and (3) navigating new modes of operation for manufacturing. To mitigate the sustainability challenges of COVID-19 and create a more resilient industrial sector, we need to assess the potential of each risk to product development and production processes. We envision a systematic integration of sustainable manufacturing principles and metrics into the business practices of manufacturing enterprises, including the products they produce and the processes used to create them. Realizing this vision will require greater availability and transparency of key data related to environmental and social sustainability factors, which can be used to create a clean and sustainable future in which pandemic and disaster readiness is realized through sustainable manufacturing.
GSK3β Impairs KIF1A Transport in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer’s Disease but Does Not Regulate Motor Motility at S402
Authors: Gan K.J. , Akram A. , Blasius T.L. , Ramser E.M. , Budaitis B.G. , Gabrych D.R. , Verhey K.J. , Silverman M.A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImpairment of axonal transport is an early pathologic event that precedes neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs), a causative agent of AD, activate intracellular signaling cascades that trigger phosphorylation of many target proteins, including tau, resulting in microtubule destabilization and transport impairment. Here, we investigated how KIF1A, a kinesin-3 family motor protein required for the transport of neurotrophic factors, is impaired in mouse hippocampal neurons treated with AβOs. By live cell imaging, we observed that AβOs inhibit transport of KIF1A-GFP similarly in wild-type and tau knock-out neurons, indicating that tau is not required for this effect. Pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a kinase overactivated in AD, prevented the transport defects. By mass spectrometry on KIF1A immunoprecipitated from transgenic AD mouse brain, we detected phosphorylation at S402, which conforms to a highly conserved GSK3β consensus site. We confirmed that this site is phosphorylated by GSK3βin vitro. Finally, we tested whether a phosphomimic of S402 could modulate KIF1A motility in control and AβO-treated mouse neurons and in a Golgi dispersion assay devoid of endogenous KIF1A. In both systems, transport driven by mutant motors was similar to that of WT motors. In conclusion, GSK3β impairs KIF1A transport but does not regulate motor motility at S402. Further studies are required to determine the specific phosphorylation sites on KIF1A that regulate its cargo binding and/or motility in physiological and disease states.
Astrocytes in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Area Promote Sleep
Authors: Kim Jae-Hong , Choi In-Sun , Jeong Ji-Young , Jang Il-Sung , Lee Maan-Gee , Suk Kyoungho 
Published: October 2020

Although ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) nucleus is regarded as a center for sleep promotion, the exact mechanisms underlying the sleep regulation are unknown. Here, we used optogenetic tools to identify the key roles of VLPO astrocytes in sleep promotion. Optogenetic stimulation of VLPO astrocytes increased sleep duration in the active phase in naturally sleep-waking adult male rats (n= 6); it also increased the extracellular ATP concentration (n= 3) and c-Fos expression (n= 3–4) in neurons within the VLPO.In vivomicrodialysis analyses revealed an increase in the activity of VLPO astrocytes and ATP levels during sleep states (n= 4). Moreover, metabolic inhibition of VLPO astrocytes reduced ATP levels (n= 4) and diminished sleep duration (n= 4). We further show that tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an ATP-degrading enzyme, plays a key role in mediating the somnogenic effects of ATP released from astrocytes (n= 5). An appropriate sample size for all experiments was based on statistical power calculations. Our results, taken together, indicate that astrocyte-derived ATP may be hydrolyzed into adenosine by TNAP, which may in turn act on VLPO neurons to promote sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGlia have recently been at the forefront of neuroscience research. Emerging evidence illustrates that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type, are the functional determinants for fates of neurons and other glial cells in the central nervous system. In this study, we newly identified the pivotal role of hypothalamic ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) astrocytes in the sleep regulation, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the astrocyte-mediated sleep regulation.
Surgical management for an adult, female patient, with Ebstein Anomaly on Tricuspid Valve that has Subvalvular membrane with severe PS and multiple VSDs-A case report.
Authors: Das Gupta Saikat , Uddin Mauin , Howlader Siddhartha Shankar , Kumar Biswas Prodip , Kabiruzzaman Mohammed , Islam Talukder Mohammed Quamrul 
Published: October 2020

Ebstein's anomaly is a rare and complexed heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve and is accountable for around 1% of congenital cardiac abnormalities. It is one of the most common congenital causes of tricuspid valve regurgitation. Ebstein's anomaly is often diagnosed prenatally due to its severe cardiomegaly. Some individuals with this anomaly do not experience any complications until adulthood and even then its mostly minor complaints like exercise intolerance. Atrial septal defect is most commonly (70-90%) associated with Ebstein's anomaly. However, ventricular septal defect (VSD) can be associated with 2-6% of the cases. This particular report presents a case of surgical intervention for a 20 years old female with Ebstein's anomaly that had multiple VSD's and a severe Pulmonary Stenosis (PS).
Saatnya Azas Demokrasi Dikembalikan Bersumber Norma Moral
Authors: Makhfudz M 
Published: October 2020

Abstracts:Natural laws are vague and metaphysical, but that does not mean they are permanently stuck in the clouds. And when natural law is thought to exist only in the cloud, there would be no gain that can be gained from the positive law that applies in a region. However, as fundamental principles of natural law come to the fore in the way that their rules are converted into actual situations, the advantages of new natural laws are of considerable value to mankind. The composition of this paper employs a qualitative analysis process with a literary approach from a variety of literatures. The findings of the study suggest that it is important to restore democracy on the basis of moral norms.Keywords: Values, Democracy, Rules of Justice Abstrak : Hukum alam bersifat abstrak dan teoritis, namun tidak berarti bahwa hukum alam selamanya tergantung di awang-awang. Sebab ketika hukum alam dianggap hanya ada di awang-awang, maka akan tidak banyak manfaatnya yang dapat dipetik oleh hukum positif yang berlaku di suatu Negara. Akan tetapi, ketika kaidah hukum alam yang abstrak turun ke membumi dalam arti kaidah-kaidahnya diejawantahkan ke dalam kasus-kasus konkret, maka manfaatnya hukum alam baru sangat terasa manfaatnya bagi umat manusia. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan dari beberapa literatur. Hasil penelitian menyatakan perlu mengembalikan demokrasi dengan bersumber kepada norma moral.Kata Kunci: Azas, Demokrasi, Norma Moral