bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of user involvement in mental health research: exploring reflections from a service user researcher using auto-ethnography
Authors: Fox Joanna 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
User involvement in research is entering the mainstream of traditional mental health research. In practice, there are diverse ways in which the process of involvement is experienced by mental health service user researchers. This paper aims to explore two diverse experiences of involvement by the researcher.

Design/methodology/approach
Auto-ethnography is the research methodology used in this study; it combines a process of reflective writing and critical analysis which enables the author to explore experiences of being both a service user and academic researcher. Two accounts of the author’s involvement in mental health research are presented: one which builds on a consultation model and the other based on co-production principles.

Findings
Experiences of power-sharing and collaborative decision-making, alongside disempowerment, are discussed, leading to exploration of the theoretical and practical processes for promoting participation of users in research.

Research limitations/implications
The research is limited because it is undertaken by one individual in a local setting, and is therefore is not generalisable; however, it provides useful insights into the diverse processes of involvement that many service users experience.

Practical implications
Recommendations are presented to support the involvement of service users in research, with final remarks offered considering the possible future implementation of this still emerging tradition.

Originality/value
This paper reflects on the experiences of one service user academic involved in research and highlights diverse experiences of both empowering and disempowering involvement, providing recommendations for best practice.
Experiences of and support for the transition to practice of newly graduated occupational therapists undertaking a hospital graduate Program
Authors: Turpin Merrill , Fitzgerald Cate , Copley Jodie , Laracy Sue , Lewis Beverly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionNewly graduated occupational therapists face well‐documented difficulties as they embark on professional practice. Occupational therapy departments need to ensure that new graduates conduct their roles appropriately while developing experience and building clinical and professional skills. This study aimed to explore the experiences of new graduates at a major Australian metropolitan hospital occupational therapy department, the support provided to them and their perceptions of this support.MethodsThe research design was Interpretive Description. Semi‐structured interviews of approximately 60 min were undertaken with seven occupational therapists, their team leader and the Departmental Head. The two research questions were as follows: What were the graduates’ experiences of their first year in practice? What support was provided to graduates and what were their perceptions of this?ResultsNew graduates perceived the transition to practice as overwhelming, particularly regarding their caseload responsibility. During the first few months, work tasks took them longer and they felt stressed and anxious. They received a range of support and education, both inter‐professional and discipline specific. Their occupational therapy team leader and clinical senior provided tailored support, guidance and reassurance. Guided questioning facilitated development of new graduates' clinical reasoning and professional skills. Reflection helped them to identify and address learning goals relating to occupational therapy professional competencies. New graduates valued having a consistent caseload and a supportive workplace was highly valued.ConclusionNew graduates initially feel overwhelmed by being responsible for their decisions. However, they can benefit from tailored supervision and guided questioning to help develop clinical reasoning and professional skills, formal and informal support from experienced occupational therapists and their inter‐professional teams and time to increase skill with their caseload. Engagement in a professional community of practice is important.
The effects of temporal continuities of grasslands on the diversity and species composition of plants
Authors: Inoue Taiki , Yaida Yuki A. , Uehara Yuki , Katsuhara Koki R. , Kawai Jun , Takashima Keiko , Ushimaru Atushi , Kenta Tanaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeminatural grasslands are ecosystems rich in biodiversity. However, their decline has been reported worldwide, and identification of grasslands with high conservation priority is urgently required. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported that past vegetation history affects current biological communities. To evaluate whether the temporal continuity of grasslands promotes biodiversity, and thus can be an indicator of conservation priority, we studied vascular plant communities in old (160–1000s years) and new (52–70 years after deforestation) grasslands, as well as in forests, of Sugadaira Highland in central Japan. The number of plant species was highest in old grasslands, followed by new grasslands and forests. This pattern was much clearer in the number of grassland‐dependent native and grassland‐dependent endangered species, indicating the role of old grasslands as refugia for those species. The species composition differed between old and new grasslands. New grasslands had species compositions in between those of old grasslands and forests, suggesting that the plant community in new grasslands retains the influence of past forestation for more than 52 years after deforestation. Eleven indicator species were detected in old grasslands, but none in new grasslands, suggesting the uniqueness of the plant community in old grasslands. We conclude that the temporal continuity of grasslands increases plant diversity and can be an indicator of grasslands with high conservation priority.
Seed germination and plant fitness response of a narrowly endemic, rare winter annual to spatial heterogeneity in microenvironment
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Schwilk Dylan , Sharma Jyotsna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental heterogeneity affects distributions of plant species, although the effects of fine‐scale heterogeneity on plant demographies are not widely studied. Diminutive winter annuals, especially rare taxa, can be sensitive to spatial variation in microenvironment as a consequence of their small stature above and belowground. To address whether spatial environmental heterogeneity affects demography, germination and fitness of Chorizanthe orcuttiana, an endangered winter annual distributed in distinct easterly and westerly microhabitats within an exceedingly narrow niche in California, we performed multiyear observational and empirical studies. We manipulated after‐ripening environment, soil moisture and ambient light at both aspects, and profiled microclimate, soil physicochemistry and soil microbiomes at all sites. We show that easterly aspects host larger plants in larger populations, and have lower air temperatures combined with higher soil moisture in comparison to the west‐facing sites. Yet, soil physicochemistry and microbiomes were similar across all sites. Manipulations of after‐ripening conditions showed that seeds exposed to low humidity (17%) during dormancy and sown at easterly aspects exhibited the highest germination percentages, whereas seeds incubated in situ and subsequently sown at westerly aspects yielded the lowest germination. Simultaneous manipulations of soil moisture and light showed that at both aspects higher moisture combined with shade led to higher germination, whereas ambient soil moisture combined with shade yielded the lowest germination. Altogether, our studies show that the diminutive, rare winter annual C. orcuttiana exhibits higher germination and plant fitness under cooler soil conditions with higher soil moisture while preferring drier environments during after‐ripening.
Does education reduce gender differentials in labor market participation? A Kenyan perspective
Authors: Mulwa Martin , Gichana Timothy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper examines the role of education in reducing gender differentials in the Kenyan labor market. Using 2015/16 Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey, we estimate the logit and multinomial logit model. The paper employs instrumental variable technique to correct for potential endogeneity that arises when analyzing education and labor market outcomes. The results from both models show that being a woman reduces the chances of entering the labor market. We find that education yields positive effects in the labor market. On average, the difference between the marginal effect of education on employment probability between men and women is two percentage points, with the effect being higher for women. In the multinomial logit model, educated women are more likely to be employed in both the public sector and the informal sector, while in the private sector they are less likely to be employed. The implication of these findings is that policies should target education as a tool that can reduce gender differential in the labor market. This should be coupled with affirmative action that gives priority to women and minimizes preference for men in the labor market.
Will working from home become the ‘new normal’ in the public sector?
Authors: Williamson Sue , Colley Linda , Hanna‐Osborne Sally 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic compelled large sections of the workforce out of their workplaces and into their homes to work. Many commentators suggest this has forever changed how and where we work. This article analyses how Australia's biggest employers – state and federal governments – approached the transitions to working from home, and back into regular workplaces. It considers the timing of policy responses to the pandemic as one indicator of resistance to, or acceptance of, widespread working from home. The article also demonstrates previous resistance to working from home for public servants, and questions widespread conjecture that it will become the ‘new normal’.
Risk factors for long‐term cognitive impairment in ICU survivors: A multicenter, prospective cohort study
Authors: Collet Marie O. , Egerod Ingrid , Thomsen Thordis , Wetterslev Jørn , Lange Theis , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Perner Anders 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe the incidence of and risk factors for impaired cognitive function in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. We hypothesized that age, severity of illness, and days in coma, delirium, mechanical ventilation in the ICU would be associated with impaired cognitive function.MethodsWe included all adults, alive 6 months after acute admission to one of the 24 Danish ICUs participating in the AID‐ICU cohort study. Trained professionals assessed cognitive function in patients’ homes or in outpatient clinics using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) 6 months after ICU admission. Potential risk factors for cognitive impairment were analyzed with linear regression models.ResultsIn total, 237 ICU patients were alive 6 months after ICU admission and did not meet the exclusion criteria. A total of 106 patients completed the cognitive assessment. The median RBANS global cognitive score was 76 (interquartile range, 62‐91), and 52% had a global cognitive score 1.5 SD below the normative mean and 36% displayed a global cognitive score 2 SD below the normative mean, similar to that of Alzheimer's disease. Higher age was associated with poorer RBANS global cognitive score (estimate −0.35 [95% confidence interval −0.63 to −0.07] per year).ConclusionsIn this multicenter study of adult ICU survivors, cognitive impairment was frequent and severe in those assessed at 6 months. Higher age was a risk factor for cognitive impairment, but events related to the ICU stay were not associated with poorer cognitive performance at 6 months.
Seasonal variation in body size and male mating success within lichen tuft moths Izatha (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae)
Authors: Bennik Rebecca M , Hoare Robert J B , Holwell Gregory I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimals with scramble competition mating systems commonly exhibit female‐biased sexual size dimorphism, protandry and biased population sex ratios that reflect the active mate‐searching role of males. This is particularly so in many Lepidoptera, where males are classic scramble competitors. However, it is unclear how these features relate to the actual mating success of males or females over the reproductive season. In this study, patterns of adult flight period variation and mating status of the New Zealand lichen tuft moths Izatha peroneanella (Walker, 1864) and I. churtoni Dugdale, 1988 were determined from three locations. Protandry, male‐biased sex ratios and female‐biased sexual size dimorphism were evident in both species. There was a significant decrease in male and female I. peroneanella and I. churtoni body size over the flight period. Smaller males were more likely to have mated, but this was driven by the fact that they also emerged later in the breeding season, as collection date was the best predictor of mating status for males. Females exhibited higher likelihoods of having mated than males, but this was not influenced by body size. These data on the ecology and mating success of I. peroneanella and I. churtoni allow a better understanding of the mating system of species within this genus where their mating system is likely to be dominated by scramble competition under polygamy.
Human–wildlife conflict in Mhokwe Ward, Mbire District, North‐East Zimbabwe
Authors: Musiwa Aubrey Ruvarashe , Mhlanga Wilson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research investigates the economic and social aspects of human–wildlife conflict (HWC) in Mhokwe, Mbire district, Zimbabwe. Data were collected through key informant interviews and a questionnaire survey. Most households in Mhokwe rely on crop and livestock production, and hence, HWC is an important factor affecting livelihoods. More than 60% of respondents experienced problems with lions (Panthera leo Linnaeus), spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta Erxleben), armoured bush crickets (Acanthoplus speiseri Brancsik) and quelea birds (Quelea quelea Reichenbach). Other problem animals included elephant (Loxodonta africana Blumenbach), vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus Cuvier), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros Pallas), chacma baboon (Papio ursinus Kerr), bushpig (Potamochoerus porcus Linnaeus) and common duiker (Sylvicapra grimmia Linnaeus). Few incidences of conflicts were reported for hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus), side‐striped jackal (Canis adustus Sundevall), porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis Peters), nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti), African wild cat (Felis lybica Forster), African python (Python sebae Gmelin) and guinea fowl (Numida meleagris Linnaeus). Livestock and crop losses were US$45,285 and US$57,541 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Despite the losses, most respondents had positive attitudes towards wildlife. Construction of strong kraals and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) can contribute to conflict reduction.
Gestational anaemia and severe acute maternal morbidity: a population‐based study*
Authors: Guignard J. , Deneux‐Tharaux C. , Seco A. , Beucher G. , Kayem G. , Bonnet M.‐P. ,   the EPIMOMS group
Published: September 2020

SummaryAnaemia is frequently diagnosed during pregnancy. However, there are few data regarding its incidence, and the association with severe maternal morbidity remains uncertain and potentially biased in high‐resource countries. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between gestational anaemia and severe acute maternal morbidity during and after delivery. We performed a cohort‐nested case‐control analysis from the epidemiology of severe maternal mortality (EPIMOMS) prospective study conducted in six French regions (2012–2013, n = 182,309 deliveries). There were 1669 women with severe acute maternal morbidity during or after delivery, according to a standardised definition obtained by expert consensus. The control group were randomly selected among women without severe morbidity who delivered in the same health centres (n = 3234). We studied the association between gestational anaemia and severe acute maternal morbidity during or after delivery overall, by cause, and by mode of delivery, using multivariable logistic regression and multiple imputation. Gestational anaemia was significantly more frequent in women with severe acute maternal morbidity (25.3%) than in controls (16.3%), p < 0.001, and mostly mild in both groups. After adjustment for confounders, women with gestational anaemia were at increased risk of overall severe acute maternal morbidity during and after delivery (adjusted OR (95%CI) 1.8 (1.5–2.1)). This association was also found for severe postpartum haemorrhage (adjusted OR (95%CI) 1.7 (1.5–2.0)), even after omitting the transfusion criterion (adjusted OR (95%CI) 1.9 (1.6–2.3)), and for severe acute maternal morbidity secondary to causes other than haemorrhage or pregnancy‐related hypertensive disorders (adjusted OR (95%CI) 2.7 (1.9–4.0)). These results highlight the importance of optimising the diagnosis and management of anaemia during pregnancy.
Effect of neurovascular bundle sparing radical cystectomy on post‐operative continence and sexual function: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiong Xingyu , Qiu Shi , Yi Xianyanling , Jin Kun , Xu Hang , Lei Hanran , Bai Shengjiang , Peng Ge , Yang Lu , Wei Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether the neurovascular bundle (NVB) sparing could improve post‐operative urinary continence and potency. Furthermore, concern remains regarding the impact of nerve‐sparing (NS) radical cystectomy (RC) on oncological outcomes.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate whether in men undergoing NS RC could improve post‐operative urinary continence and potency. The secondary objective was to assess whether NS RC could compromise the oncological control.Materials and methodsA systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science was performed in February 2020, yielding 1446 unique records. A total of 13 comparative cohort studies were included. Risk of bias in each study was assessed separately by two authors using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsData from 921 participants in 12 studies were synthesized in the present meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis revealed that NS compared with non–nerve sparing (NNS) results in improved post‐operative potency, daytime continence, and nocturnal continence. RRs were 9.35 (P < .00001) in potency, 1.11 (P = .045) in daytime continence, and 1.33 (P = .002) in nocturnal continence, respectively. Furthermore, no differences were found in the included studies reporting oncological outcomes. RRs were 0.88 (P = .61) in local and/or distant recurrence between two groups. A sensitivity analysis of prospective studies indicated consistent results.Discussion and conclusionThis meta‐analysis indicates that NS RC can improve post‐operative potency, and daytime and nocturnal urinary continence, without compromising oncological control, compared with NNS RC in men.
Pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis: The impact of the altered gut microbiota and antibiotic exposure in preterm infants
Authors: Raba Ali Ahmed , O'Sullivan Anne , Miletin Jan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality seen predominately in preterm infants. Multiple factors are associated with the pathogenesis of NEC. The widespread use of antibiotics in the neonatal intensive care unit might play a role in the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants. This review provides a summary on the intestinal microbiota in preterm infants with a focus on how antibiotic exposure may reduce the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota and may predispose preterm infants to NEC.ConclusionProlonged antibiotic therapy has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of NEC in preterm infants.
The body region specificity in murine models of muscle regeneration and atrophy
Authors: Yoshioka Kiyoshi , Kitajima Yasuo , Seko Daiki , Tsuchiya Yoshifumi , Ono Yusuke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimSkeletal muscles are distributed throughout the body, presenting a variety of sizes, shapes and functions. Here, we examined whether muscle regeneration and atrophy occurred homogeneously throughout the body in mouse models.MethodsAcute muscle regeneration was induced by a single intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin in adult mice. Chronic muscle regeneration was assessed in mdx mice. Muscle atrophy in different muscles was evaluated by cancer cachexia, ageing and castration mouse models.ResultsWe found that, in the cardiotoxin‐injected acute muscle injury model, head muscles slowly regenerated, while limb muscles exhibited a rapid regeneration and even overgrowth. This overgrowth was also observed in limb muscles alone (but not in head muscles) in mdx mice as chronic injury models. We described the body region–specific decline in the muscle mass in muscle atrophy models: cancer cachexia‐induced, aged and castrated mice. The positional identities, including gene expression profiles and hormone sensitivity, were robustly preserved in the ectopically engrafted satellite cell‐derived muscles in the castrated model.ConclusionOur results indicate that positional identities in muscles should be considered for the development of efficient regenerative therapies for muscle weakness, such as muscular dystrophy and age‐related sarcopenia.
The prevalence of psychological distress and its association with coping strategies among medical interns in Malaysia: A national‐level cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ismail Munirah , Lee Kun Yun , Sutrisno Tanjung Afandy , Ahmad Jelani Ida Anum , Abdul Latiff Rabiah , Abdul Razak Hashimah , Ahmad Shauki Nor Izzah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of psychological distress is increasing worldwide. Stressful working environments and high expectations in medical practice put doctors at high risk of depression, anxiety, and stress, especially among medical interns. Effective coping strategies may reduce psychological distress in the clinical setting. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and its association with coping strategies among medical interns in Malaysia.MethodA total of 431 medical interns at 26 Malaysian Ministry of Health hospitals participated in this cross‐sectional study in 2017. Self‐administered questionnaires consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, items from DASS and BRIEF COPE were used. Descriptive analysis was done followed by further analysis with chi‐square and Spearman correlation tests.ResultsThe prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression was 29.7%, 39.9%, and 26.2%, with a significantly higher prevalence among female and younger interns. Three‐quarters of them (73.1%) applied problem‐focused strategies as the main coping mechanism. Emotion‐focused coping strategies showed a significant but weak correlation with anxiety and stress whereas avoidance‐based coping strategies were significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress.DiscussionMedical internship is a highly grueling period. Besides emphasizing clinical competency, internship training should also impart the practice of healthy coping mechanisms. The vulnerable groups of females and younger interns should be taught positive coping skills so that they are empowered to handle any stressors on their personal and professional lives. Optimum psychological wellbeing of the medical interns can improve the overall work performance and quality of care for patients.