bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interplay of Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs and Tuberculin Skin Test
Authors: Abdullah Zia , Kumar Arvind , Khan M.A. , Kumar Uma , Vyas Surabhi , Vishwakarma Vishal K. , Ranjan Piyush , Biswas Ashutosh , Wig Naveet 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
The study was conducted to determine whether synthetic Disease-Modifying
Anti Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) suppress the latency of Tuberculosis (TB) infection in Rheumatoid
Arthritis (RA) patients along with other variables.

Methods:
This was done through Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) using purified protein derivative (PPD)
in a cohort of RA patients. The TST was taken positive when induration post-PPD injection
was ≥ 5mm and negative or anergic when it was <5mm. We included 100 patients (N = 100).

Results:
The prevalence of positive TST was 36%, while 64% presented a negative result. Negative
TST was significantly associated with steroid usage (39.4%, 95% CI: 28.4%-51.4%). Anergic
(TST negative) and non-anergic (TST positive) patients were separated into groups, and a new analysis
was conducted with elaboration on DMARDs used.

Conclusion:
The use of steroids was associated with TST negativity, The same is not true with use
of methotrexate or other DMARDs. Thus TST should be interpreted with caution, especially before
starting biologicals.
Combining PD-1 Inhibitor with VEGF/VEGFR2 Inhibitor in Chemotherapy: Report of a Patient with End-Stage Cholangiocarcinoma and Review of Literature
Authors: Ma Zhenjiang , Li Heping , Liu Liangshuai 
Published: January 2021

Background::
Cholangiocarcinoma is the second-largest liver cancer, and develops from
the biliary epithelium, where it discretely progresses. Unfortunately, many patients miss the opportunity
of performing surgery when diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma, and due to its chemotherapeutic
insensitivity, its control has always been considered difficult.

Objective::
Here, we present a case of stage 4 cholangiocarcinoma being controlled by the combination
of chemotherapy with PD-1 and VEGF/VEGFR2 inhibitors.

Methods::
The patient is a 58-year-old male who was diagnosed with a progressed cholangiocarcinoma
2 years ago. From the beginning, metastases were discovered in multiple places, and
the patient was unsuccessfully treated with 3 chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, a new therapeutic
method was considered, and that involved the testing of a new combination of chemotherapy with
PD-1 and VEGF/VEGFR2 inhibitors.

Results::
After 6 courses of treatment with this combination, the patient’s lesions became smaller
and stable.

Conclusion::
Our case highlights the possibility of combining chemotherapy with PD-1 and VEGF/
VEGFR2 inhibitors for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma patients. This combination may herald
new hope for patients who run out of regimens.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) Synthesized from Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Smith Extracts
Authors: Marimuthu Johnson , Thangaiah Shibila , Santhanam Amutha , George Vidyarani 
Published: January 2021

Background::
Chemical synthesis methods are adverse in the medicinal field as they produce toxins
on the surface area whereas green synthesis provide advancement are cost effective, environment friendly, can
be easily scaled up for large scale synthesis. Silver and silver nanoparticles have an important application in the
medical industry, such as tropical ointments which are used to prevent infection against burn and open wounds.
There is no report on the green synthesis from Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Smith.

Objective::
The present study was aimed to synthesize silver nano-particles using Phlebodium aureum (L.) J.
Smith extracts by green approach and to screen their cytotoxicity.

Methods::
The synthesized AgNPs of P. aureum were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The cytotoxicity
of the aqueous extracts and AgNPs of P. aureum was determined.

Results::
The silver nanoparticle synthesis was confirmed by color change from yellow to dark brown and absorption
peak at 460 nm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the capping by proteins and other metabolites. XRD analysis
confirmed the existence of silver nanaoparticles with a peak at 46.253°. The dose dependent cytotoxicity
was observed in the aqueous and silver nanoparticles of P.aureum.

Conclusion::
The present study gave a simple and cheap route to synthesize the AgNPs using aqueous extracts
of P. aureum. The studied extracts of P. aureum can be considered as a promising candidate for a plant-derived
anti-tumour compound.
An Advanced Computational Evaluation for the Most Biologically Active Enantiomers of Chiral Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Suhail Mohd , Ali Imran 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Cancer is a very dangerous disease whose treatment can be improved by removing the
factors that cause side effects if the drugs prescribed for cancer are chiral in nature.

Objectives:
A computational evaluation for the most biologically active enantiomeric form of chiral drugs attacking
the DNA of the cell, was made for the first time, and compared with the experimental work done by
others previously.

Methods:
All the enantiomeric structures of the drugs taken in the present study were obtained using Marvin
sketch, and the structure of DNA to be docked with enantiomers, was obtained from the protein data bank. After
that, all the enantiomers of the chiral drugs were docked with DNA one by one for the evaluation of the
most biologically active enantiomeric form.

Results:
The docking study showed that the different enantiomers interacted with DNA differently because of
having different arrangements of atoms/groups. The binding affinity of one of the two enantiomeric forms was
higher than that of another.

Conclusion:
R-methotrexate for breast cancer; R-mitotane for adrenocortical cancer; R-duvelisib for blood cancer,
and S-irinotecan for colon cancer would be a suitable drug with less toxicity as well as other side effects.
Cellulose and Nanocellulose Productions from Lignocellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production
Authors: Pattanayak Sabita , Priyadarsini Pratigyan , Singh Yengkhom Disco 
Published: January 2021

Abstract::
Biofuel is an emerging fuel to replace the conventional fuel used in transportation. With intensive research efforts, a new number of novel technologies having high potential for sustainable development have been developed to extensively utilize the biomass with zero waste. Cellulose and nanocellulose is becoming as one of the most targeted polymers to convert in to biofuel. It is being obtained from different plants parts. However, a concern is that the source of sustainable feedstocks for cellulosic component as desired process under different circumstances to produce biofuel. This study reviews concisely the cellulosic component, nanocellulose, isolation and extraction by different pretreatment technologies envisaging enzy-matic hydrolysis, biochemical conversion process and different plant feedstock as biofuel production. Particular attentions are paid to first generation of biofuel, second generation of biofuel and third generation of biofuel in regards to nanocellulose applications. The most common feedstocks lignocellulosic biomass is extensively discussed in the later part. The review also aims to present different methods of syntheses of nanocellulose, cellulose production from biomass and their applica-tion towards the biofuel production.
A Critical Appraisal of the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses
Pertaining to COVID-19
Authors: Dang Amit , Madiraju Sheshank , Rao P Jagan Mohan Venkateswara , Gurram Navya Sri , Digijarala Sandeep , Dang Sumit , B.N. Vallish 
Published: December 2020

Background:
We critically evaluated the risk of bias in published systematic reviews
(SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) pertaining to COVID-19 using ROBIS tool.

Materials And Methods:
MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Library were searched for SRs/MAs on
14th May 2020, including studies of all designs describing various facets of COVID-19 in humans;
no restrictions were applied for interventions, comparators, and outcomes. Two reviewers
independently assessed all the SRs/MAs with ROBIS.

Results:
Out of 204 identified records, 48 SRs/MAs were included. The most frequently reviewed
topics were therapy outcomes, diagnosis, and comorbidities (15, 8, and 6 papers respectively).
Only 29/48(60.41%) papers had made a mention of using PRISMA or other guidelines for drafting
the SR/MA. Only 5/48(10.42%) of all included SRs/MAs had low overall risk of bias as per
ROBIS tool; 41/48(85.42%) had high risk of bias, 2/48(4.17%) had unclear risk of bias. The
highest proportion of bias was found in data synthesis and findings (30/48, 62.50% of studies had
high risk of bias), followed by study identification and selection (29/48, 60.42%). The IRR for
methodological quality assessment was substantial, with the Cohen’s kappa values being 0.64,
0.68, 0.62, and 0.75 for domains 1-4 of ROBIS tool, and 0.66 for overall risk of bias assessment.

Conclusion:
There are serious concerns about the methodology employed to generate the results of
the SRs/ MAs pertaining to COVID-19, with ‘quantity’ seemingly being given more importance
than ‘quality’ of the paper.
DECISÃO POR SUPERMAIORIA NAS CORTES CONSTITUCIONAIS: o caso das emendas constitucionais inconstitucionais
Authors: Lima Jairo 
Published: December 2020

As principais críticas que a perspectiva do constitucionalismo político de Jeremy Waldron e Richard Bellamy lança em direção ao controle de constitucionalidade forte são fundamentadas na ideia de autogoverno e na noção de igualdade política. Para esses autores, a regra majoritária simples representa um importante mecanismo que impõe o igual respeito às diferentes visões políticas. Apesar de aceitarem o controle de constitucionalidade fraco, os constitucionalistas políticos desconsideram a emenda constitucional como mecanismo para representar uma maneira de mitigar a supremacia judicial. Em razão disso, seus argumentos não alcançam os sistemas jurídicos de controle forte com previsão de emenda constitucional. Em razão dessa lacuna teórica, a presente pesquisa partiu do seguinte problema: em que medida é possível analisar o controle de constitucionalidade de emenda constitucional a partir dos pressupostos democráticos do constitucionalismo político? Apesar da contrariedade dos constitucionalistas políticos às supermaiorias, concluiu-se que a possível desvantagem da maioria qualificada no parlamento não tem a mesma razão de ser para uma decisão judicial. A presunção da manutenção do status quo da supermaioria no controle de constitucionalidade de emenda serve para tornar a decisão sobre o afastamento mais exigente, em razão da carga democrática que o poder de reforma constitucional detém.
Sustainable Design & Product and Health & Safety Awareness among Public University Students
Authors: Harun Zambri , Mansor Shuhaimi , Mahmud Abdus Samad , Hashim Hashimah 
Published: December 2020

In this article, the focus is on understanding the awareness of sustainable design & product and health & safety among engineering and architectural students at university levels as these young graduates are representative of the workforce. This survey was conducted at five public universities in Peninsular Malaysia. On average, the majority of respondents provided positive responses (more than 80%) on the needs of sustainable design & product and health & safety aspects in their workplaces. These figures bode well for such an ambitious country to be on par with developed countries. It is also noteworthy to highlight that a significant portion who are not comfortable with investing with sustainable features.
Keywords: Sustainable Design & Products; Health and Safety (H&S)
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2578
Using Friendship Ties to Understand the Prevalence of, and Factors Associated With, Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Kenya: Cross-Sectional, Respondent-Driven Survey Study
Authors: Memiah Peter , Kamau Anne , Opanga Yvonne , Muhula Samuel , Nyakeriga Emmanuel , Humwa Felix , Cook Courtney , Kingori Caroline , Muriithi Job 
Published: December 2020

Background
Optimization of innovative approaches is required for estimating the intimate partner violence (IPV) burden among adolescents and young adults (AYA). Further investigation is required to identify risk and protective factors associated with IPV among AYA. There remain significant gaps in understanding these factors among this vulnerable population.

Objective
The goal of our study was to determine the prevalence of IPV among an urban population of AYA and to identify factors associated with IPV among AYA.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design utilizing respondent-driven sampling was adopted. The study was conducted among 887 AYA, aged 15 to 24 years, residing in Nairobi, Kenya. Data were collected through a phone-based survey using the REACH (Reaching, Engaging Adolescents and Young Adults for Care Continuum in Health)-AYA app. Questions on behavioral and psychosocial factors were adopted from different standardized questionnaires. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the study sample.

Results
Of the 887 participants, a higher proportion were male (540/887, 60.9%) compared to female (347/887, 39.1%). The prevalence of IPV was 22.3% (124/556). IPV was associated with being unsure if it was okay for a boy to hit his girlfriend, living in a home with physical violence or abuse, and being bullied (P=.005). The likelihood of experiencing IPV was higher among respondents whose friends and family members used alcohol (odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95% CI 1.09-2.98) and among those who had repeated a class at school in the past two years (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11-3.23). Respondents who visited a health facility or doctor for reproductive health services were 2 times more likely to experience IPV (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.40-3.70). Respondents who had used illicit drugs were 2 times more likely to experience IPV (OR 4.31, 95% CI 2.64-7.04). The probability of experiencing IPV decreased by 63% (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.85) among respondents who refused to have sex with someone who was not prepared to use a condom.

Conclusions
IPV remains a significant public health priority because of its impact to society. Our results are in congruence with other similar studies. Efforts toward incorporating appropriate IPV core measures into the comprehensive care package for every AYA seeking health services should be explored. Programs need to address constellations of risk and protective factors linked to IPV in an effort to prevent its occurrence.
Framework CodeIgniter pada Rancang Bangun Prili (Primakara Library)
Authors: Yasa I Wayan Darma , Satwika I Putu , Dewi Eka Grana Aristyana , Astawa Ni Luh Putu Ning Septyarini Putri 
Published: December 2020

Perpustakaan Digital adalah suatu perpustkaan yang memanfaatkan teknologi informasi untuk pengelolaan koleksi pustaka ataupun setiap kegiatan perpustakaan. Digitalisasi perpustakaan merupakan suatau keharusan bagi setiap Perguruan Tinggi karena hal tersebut dijelaskan pada Pasal 24 Ayat (3) UU Nomor 43 Tahun 2007. Selain itu perpustakaan digital juga diperlukan ketika Perguruan Tinggi melaksanakan akreditasi Perguruan Tinggi. Namun pada STMIK Primakara, sistem perpustakaan digital yang ada belum mampu memenuhi seluruh data seperti statistik kunjungan yang diperlukan pada saat akreditasi. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, maka dibangun sistem yang dapat mendukung hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Personal Extreme Programming (PXP) serta menggunakan Framework CodeIgniter sebagai pondasi sistem dan pada uji efektivitas sistem menggunakan metode McLean and DeLone. Penelitian ini berhasil membangun dan mengimplementasikan sistem perpustakaan digital yang telah dirancang. Dari hasil uji efektivitas sistem yang dilakukan dengan menyebar kuisioner kepada mahasiswa STMIK Primakara, dapat dikatakan bahwa sistem yang telah dibangun mendapatkan hasil yang sudah cukup baik pada hampir tiap variabel uji efektivitasnya
Implementasi Kebijakan Anggaran Pengembangan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Aparatur di Pemerintahan Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Dianto M 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi keinginan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana implementasi kebijakan anggaran pengembangan kompetensi aparatur di Lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Jambi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan anggaran pengembangan kompetensi aparatur oleh para Kepala Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) yang memiliki tanggungjawab untuk mengelola kebijakan teknis, program dan kegiatan pada masing-masing OPD.. Penelitian ini berbasiskan teori implementasi George C Edward III yang menyatakan bahwa implementasi dipengaruhi oleh empat variabel, yakni komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi dan struktur birokrasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif secara bersamaan dengan data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Informan ditentukan dengan purposive sampling, yakni para Kepala OPD. Triangulasi data dilakukan dengan metode triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa implementasi kebijakan anggaran pengembangan kompetensi aparatur di Lingkungan Pemerintah Provinsi Jambi belum optimal hal ini ditandai dengan tersumbatnya komunikasi dimana tidak adanya transmisi komunikasi yang diterima Kepala OPD terhadap aturan anggaran 0,34% APBD dipergunakan untuk pengembangan kompetensi aparatur. Selain itu, belum optimalnya implementasi juga disebabkan hampir sebagian besar OPD memiliki anggaran pengembangan kompetensi aparatur dibawah 0,34%. Dampak dari tidak optimalnya kebijakan anggaran pengembangan kompetensi aparatur adalah hanya sekitar 15% PNS di provinsi ini yang memiliki kesempatan untuk memperoleh pelatihan pengembangan kompetensinya. Walaupun demikan, kabar baiknya adalah para Kepala OPD sepakat menyatakan bahwa perlu diberi ruang bagi aparatur untuk mengembangkan kompetensinya dan mereka berjanji untuk meningkatkan anggaran pengembangan kompetensi aparatur minimal sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.
Penerapan Diversi Terhadap Anak Dalam Perkara Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas
Authors: Arsyad Arsyad , Hasan Umar , Munandar Tri Imam 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan yang dicapai dari penelitian untuk memberikan solusi terhadap kendala dalam penerapan Diversi. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan tingginya kecelakaan lalu lintas yang pelakunya anak. Permasalahan dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan anak sebagai pelaku yang dapat menyebabkan luka ringan, luka berat, bahkan korban meninggal dunia, memerlukan solusi yang terbaik dilakukan dalam penyelesaiannya adalah dengan Penerapan Diversi. Namun dalam penerapannya sebagai upaya mewujudkan Restorative Justice bisa memunculkan permasalahan dalam pelaksanaannya. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif, dengan mengkaji bahan hukum primer maupun skunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan anak sebagai pelaku bisa diupayakan diversi dan wajib diupayakan dalam proses peradilan pidana anak sebagai upaya dari restorative justice, namun kendala yang dihadapi dalam Diversi yaitu tidak semua kasus kecelakaan lalu lintas yang dilakukan anak dapat dilakukan diversi karena tidak adanya kata sepakat antara pelaku dan korban. Hal tersebut terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang Diversi serta sulitnya untuk mencapai kata sepakat antara pelaku dan korban mengenai ganti kerugian karna belum diaturnya secara jelas mengenai ganti rugi dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.
Politik Hukum Administrasi Desa di Desa Dataran Kempas Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Netty Netty , Irwandi Irwandi , Arfa Nys. 
Published: December 2020

Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota dapat melakukan penataan Desa. Penataan desa dilakukan berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tingkat perkembangan Pemerintahan Desa sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Penataan tersebut bertujuan: (a) mewujudkan efektivitas penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa; (b)mempercepat peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa; (c) mempercepat peningkatan kualitas pelayanan publik; (d) . meningkatkan kualitas tata kelola Pemerintahan Desa; dan (e) meningkatkan daya saing Desa. Dengan disahkan UU Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa, diharapkan segala kepentingan dan kebutuhan masyarakat desa dapat diakomodir dengan lebih baik dan memberikan kesempatan yang lebih besar bagi desa untuk mengurus tata pemerintahannya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian empiris. yang dapat dilakukan melalui penelitian lapangan atau turun langsung menemui sasaran penelitin guna mendapatkan data primer yaitu data yang diperoleh langsung dari pemerintah desa dan masyarakat yang merupakan sasaran dari penelitian ini. Dan penelitian normatif juga diperlukan sebagai teori dan data pendukung. melalui studi dokumen (penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan) dan studi pustaka. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif lalu diuraikan secara deskritif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Politik hukum atau legal policy administrasi pemerintahan desa Dataran Kempas dari tahun ke tahun semakin menunjukkan kearah yang lebih baik terutama sekali dalam menetapkan garis-garis kebijaksanaan hukum atau aturan yang dianut oleh Pemerintah Desa dan BPD dalam penyelenggara pemerintahan desa beserta masyarakat desa sebagai komunitas yang mengatur dirinya sendiri. Dari Penelitian ini diharapkan sistem administrasi pemerintahan desa Dataran Kempas harus dapat menyesuaikan dengan perundang-undang yang berlaku. Memperkaya khasanah kajian Hukum Pemerintah desa khusus mengenai penataan administrasi desa dalam upaya pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan pemerintah desa. dan mencapai administrasi desa yang tertib dan memenuhi kehendak UU.