bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Aspergillus keratitidis InaCC1016 for synthetic dyes removal in dyes wastewater treatment
Authors: Idris I , Rahmadhani I , Sudiana I M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Several industries produce waste that can not be degraded naturally or toxic to a living organism, i.e., dyes waste. Fungi were considered as the best candidates for dyes waste treatment among other microorganisms because of fungi more resistance in the lack of nutrient conditions. Besides, their biomass can also function as an adsorbent that was able to absorb dyes so that it is more effectively applied. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility Aspergillus keratitidis to degrade Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the solid and liquid state. Dyes decolorization in the solid-state was observed based on clear zone produced, and in the liquid state, decolorization was determined spectrophotometrically. A. keratitidis was able to decolorize synthetic dyes in both media, solid and liquid state. CR was more effective dyes to be removed by A. keratitidis than MB. This fungus able to decolorize about 96% of 200 ppm CR within seven days and 63% of 100 ppm MB within ten days. Moreover, MB was more toxic dyes than CR, which inhibited A. keratitidis growth. A. keratitis was suggested involved lignolytic enzyme on dyes decolorization due to it can degrade lignin compound, but it needs a further study to prove it. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report about a potential study of A. keratitidis in dyes decolorization and lignin degradation activity.
Endo-xylanase Enzyme Production using Agroindustrial Biomass as Feedstock by Kitasatospora sp.
Authors: Rahmani N , Oktavia A , Nuryati  , Astuti D , Nugraha S , Nuro F , Mulyani E S , Hermiati E , Ramadhan K P , Lisdiyanti P , Yopi  , Prasetya B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Endo-β-1, 4-xylanases is an enzyme that depolymerize xylan, a major component of lignocelluloses. Lignoselulose is a great source of cheap carbohydrate and thus has been used over the past decade as a raw material for the production of high value products, such as enzymes. However, lignocelluloses are a highly recalcitrant material that is extremely difficult to depolymerize. By using proper pretreatment, lignocelluloses from agroindustrial biomass can replace conventional carbon sources in media preparation for enzyme production. In this study, we used three kinds of agroindustrial biomass, such as sorghum variety of Buleleng, sorghum variety of JP, rice straw LIPI GO1 and these biomasses were pretreated with acid to remove a portion of lignin for use as a carbon source to endoxylanase production. The production of xylanase Kitasatospora sp. under submerged fermentation was investigated with different carbon sources using agroindustrial biomass. Optimization steps included studies carbon source concentration and pH medium fermentation. The optimized condition of enzyme production was obtained using the sorghum variety Buleleng biomass at 2% concentration and pH medium is 9.0 with activity 3. 04 U/mL.
Optimization of engineered-modular endolysins expression conditions in Escherichia coli NiCo21(DE3) for the control of Streptococcal infection
Authors: Hariyatun  , Wahyu Putro E , Ridwanuloh A M , Syahputra G , Kusharyoto W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Streptococci are Gram-positive bacteria which cause diverse animal and human diseases and systemic infections. Antibiotic therapy for this pathogen is often unsuccessful and contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophage modular endolysins, as well as their chimeric constructs, represent promising antimicrobials with high specificity against these bacteria and unlikely to evoke antimicrobial resistance. Our previous work has developed the recombination and fusion engineered-modular endolysins design (namely EλCφ and EλCφEφ, respectively) from a particular modular endolysin EφCφ to obtain novel antimicrobial with enhanced activity. In this study, we investigated further the optimization of the engineered-modular endolysin expression conditions in Escherichia coli NiCo21(DE3). Accordingly, clone selection, final inducer concentration, and incubation temperature were optimized. To obtain a recombinant clone which exhibits optimum protein expression level, expressions of the recombinant protein were conducted in shake flask. Subsequently, the soluble and insoluble protein crude extracts were collected by lysis and denaturation treatments, respectively, and verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The result showed that the selected clone for optimum expression of EφCφ, EλCφ, and EλCφEφ was clone 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Moreover, the optimum final inducer concentration for both EλCφ and EφCφ was 2000 μM, whereas for EλCφEφ was 500 μM. Besides, the optimum incubation temperature for protein expression for EλCφEφ was incubation at 37ºC and followed by induction at 25ºC, and for both EλCφ and EφCφ were both incubation and induction at 25ºC. Furthermore, these three proteins were found to be expressed as insoluble proteins. Collectively, these results could contribute to the development of ‘tailor-made’ antimicrobials by modular endolysin engineering, which can be used for the control of Streptococcal infection.
Isolation and identification of Ktedonobacteria using 16S rRNA gene sequences data
Authors: Rachmania M K , Ningsih F , Sakai Y , Yabe S , Yokota A , Sjamsuridzal W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aims of this study were to isolate and identify the members of Ktedonobacteria from soil samples in Cisolok geysers area, West Java, Indonesia. To isolate the bacteria, sample was spread on 10-fold-diluted Reasoner’s 2A medium and the plates were incubated at 30 °C until the Ktedonobacteria-like colonies appeared. Ktedonobacteria-like colonies showed the characteristics of a firm pale orange colony. The colonies were purified and colony PCR was performed using Ktedonobacteria specific and universal eubacterial primers for 16S rRNA gene. Almost full-length of 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained in order to know the identity of the taxonomic affiliation of the isolates. Three Ktedonobacteria-like isolates, designated S3.2.1.5, S3.2.1.6 (isolated from soil under Bamboo tree) and S3.2.2.5 (isolated from soil in decayed Bamboo stems) were obtained. The detection using Ktedonobacteria specific primers showed positive results, which confirmed that all of three isolates belong to class Ktedonobacteria. The sequence homology search using EzBioCloud showed that these isolates (S3.2.1.5, S3.2.1.6, and S3.2.2.5) were belonged to the family Dictyobacteraceae and closely related to Bacterium SOSP1-79 (99.20%, 98.83%, 99.34%, respectively) and Dictyobacter aurantiacus S-27T (97.41%, 97.41%, 98.00%, respectively). The low percentage of sequence homology to type strains indicates that they could be a candidate of novel taxa of the genus Dictyobacter. Further characterizations such as morphology, physiology, and chemotaxonomy are needed in order to clarify the taxonomic position of these potential novel species of Dictyobacter.
Efficiency of Xylitol Production from Meyerozyma caribbica Y67 with Cell Initiation and Volume Fermentation
Authors: Saputra H , Thontowi A , Kholida L N , Kanti A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One of the rare types of pentose sugar is xylitol, which has various benefits in the field of food and medicine. Xylitol is one of the results of xylose fermentation and few microorganisms are able to produce it. Meyerozyma caribbica Y67 is one of the yeast collections of Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC) which can produce xylitol. The production of xylitol about cell initiation and media volume gave different results for each factor. The fermentation conditions were using erlenmeyer 250 mL, agitation 150 rpm and 30ºC temperature. The parameters analyzed were dry cell weight (DCW), xylose, and xylitol. The results of this study showed that cell initiation with an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) = 5 (≍1.07x107 CFU or 3.980 g/L) had the highest efficiency in producing xylitol for 24 hours of fermentation, 51, 099%; specific growth rate (µ): 0.069. In the media volume variable, for 24 hours fermentation, the high-efficiency value of 20% volume erlenmeyer is 55, 708%; (µ): 0.082 and 48 hours fermentation is 40% volume erlenmeyer which is 71, 959%; (µ): 0.048. The research is expected to be used as a scale up recommendation for the industry.
Drought tolerant screening of 20 indonesian sorghum genotypes through leaf water potential measurements under water stress
Authors: Widiyono W , Nugroho S , Rachmat A , Syarif F , Lestari P , Hidayati N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Understanding drought tolerance status in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is very important for the development of sorghum varieties suitable for sub-optimal, drought prone areas in Indonesia. We estimated drought tolerance status of 20 Indonesian sorghum genotypes by observing their leaf water potential under glasshouse condition. Research design was randomized complete block design with 20 sorghum genotypes, 2 water treatments (control and water stress), and 2 replicates. The control plants were irrigated under field capacity, while the water stress treated plants were sown under field capacity followed by drought treatment without watering for one month. Sorghum seeds were cultivated in soil medium containing top soil, organic fertilizer and sand (50:20:30) in four 1x1.2x1 m3 containers. Seeds were sown in soil media pre-treated with tap water under field capacity. Leaf water potential was observed one month after planting by using WP 4 Dew Point. Plant growth performances, including plant height and leaf width were observed. Leaf water potential observation of the 20 sorghum genotypes showed that 2 sorghums genotypes, KLR and KS, had leaf water potential of -2.43 Mpa and - 2.455 Mpa respectively, which were categorized as tolerance to water stress. Four sorghum genotypes, Buleleng Empok, UPCA, Kawali and WHP, had leaf water potential of -3.7275 MPa, -3.7650, - 3.7700 and - 3.7950 Mpa respectively, were classified to be very sensitive to drought stress. The rest of the sorghum genotypes were classified as medium tolerance with leaf water potential between - 2.5200 Mpa and 3.6550 Mpa. Although it is a preliminary results and needs to be combined with field experimental data, the results obtained was an important step in determining sorghum genotypes which was best suited to be cultivated in drought prone areas and also to identify sorghum genotypes suitable to be used as drought tolerant trait donor.
Antioxidant Activities of Mangrove Fruits Endophytic Fungus from Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati SI , Izzati F , Yadi  , Septiana E , Bustanussalam  , Simanjuntak P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mangrove derived endophytic fungi are particular interest because they constitute the second-largest environmental group of marine fungi and are adapted to extreme conditions, which make them a rich source for novel metabolite and enzyme discovery. Especially the bioactivities of endophytic fungi from mangrove’s fruits have not been explored yet. We took our samples from The Segara Anakan lagoon which is situated at the southern coast of Central Java. The mangrove forest is semi-enclosed because there were Nusa Kambangan Island and its connection to the Indian Ocean. The endophytic fungus from 4 species mangrove’s fruits which are Acacia mangium Wild, Avicennia alba Blume, Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam have been isolated, and antioxidant analysis have been done. Its resulted that the extract from endophytic fungi isolated from Bruguiera gymnorhiza showed the highest antioxidant activities among others even though the extract yield showed the opposite. From profiling of secondary metabolite from endophytic fungi extract, we obtained data that the extract contained Cyclohexane, 1-hexadecanol, 1H-Indene as and farnesene that might be contributed to antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract from isolated fungi from Bruguiera gymnorhiza fruits
Characteristics of Bioplastic Made from Cassava Starch Filled with Fibers from Oil Palm Trunk at Various Amount
Authors: Syamani FA , Nurjayanti  , Pramasari DJ , Kusumaningrum WB , Kusumah SS , Masruchin N , Ermawati R , Supeni G , Cahyaningtyas AA 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Petroleum-based plastic causes a threat to the environment at the end of its use because it cannot decompose naturally. Therefore it is necessary to develop bioplastic for food packaging but has the same function as conventional plastic. Starch based bioplastic, generally made from cassava starch. The disadvantage of this bioplastic is its low mechanical strength and damage if exposed to water. One way to increase the mechanical strength of bioplastic is to add fiber. Oil palm trunks are the source of natural fiber that is available in considerable amounts. The purpose of this study was to find out the characteristics of bioplastic from cassava starch with the addition of oil palm trunk fiber, in various amount. Bioplastics are made by heating a solution of cassava starch (tapioca: distilled water = 1:20) at 70 °C for 1 hour while stirring. After starch solution was gelatinized, glycerol (0.3%) and citric acid (1%) was added, and stirring was continued for 15 minutes. Oil palm fiber from oil palm trunk is added to the solution of cassava starch as much as 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of the weight of cassava starch. The bioplastic solution is then poured into a (20x20) cm acrylic sheet with a thickness of ± 5mm. Furthermore, it is cooled at room temperature for 3 days so that the bioplastic sheet is ready for mechanical strength testing based on ASTM D 882-75b Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting, and for thermal properties testing with Thermo Gravimetry Analyzer. The addition oil palm trunk (OPT) cellulose fibers into bioplastic made from modified cassava starch, produce bioplastic with higher tensile strength compare to modified cassava starch bioplastic with addition of OPT pulp fibers. The decomposition temperature of bioplastic made from modified cassava starch with 1% OPT cellulose was higher than of bioplastic with 1% OPT pulp, indicates that bioplastic with 1% OPT cellulose fibers have better thermal stability compare to bioplastic with 1% OPT pulp fibers
Comparison of Addition Mold and Yeast Inoculants on the Production of Citric Acid in Liquid and Solid Media from Sorghum
Authors: Napitupulu TP , Kanti A , Purnaningsih I , Sudiana IM 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the production of citric acid in liquid and solid media made from the juice and bagasse of sorghum plant. Sorghum has a great potential to be utilized as fermentation substrate for production of citric acid. The production of citric acid by fermentation is influenced by several factors including the type of media and used microorganisms. Fermentation to produce citric acid can be done by using mold as well as yeast. In this study, the mold isolates were Beauveria bassiana and Paelomyces lilacinus, while the yeast isolates were Candida utilis and Candida lessepsii. The fungal fermentations were conducted in two phases of medium, liquid and solid. Three formulas were prepared for liquid fermentation, namely sorghum juice only, sorghum juice supplemented with NH4NO3 and micronutrients, and sorghum juice supplemented with asparagine and micronutrients. Two formulas were prepared for solid fermentation, sulfuric acid hydrolyzed sorghum bagasse and non-hydrolyzed sorghum bagasse. The results showed that citric acid yield in solid fermentation is lower than liquid fermentation. For all formulas, the citric acid formation through liquid fermentation was higher in yeast than in molds. On the other hand, for solid fermentation, citric acid production was higher in hydrolyzed media than non-hydrolyzed media, except for yeast Candida lessepsii.
Enzyme powder amylase complex from Aspergillus awamori KT-11 for hydrolysis of cassava (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Perwitasari U , Melliawati R , Palit R O , Ngangi J , Moko E , Yopi  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Glucoamylase is the common enzyme to produce liquid sugar from starch. This enzyme breaks the starch chain randomly. Enzymes that are commonly used are liquid enzymes. Liquid enzymes stored at room temperature are easily damaged. The aim of the present study is to check the ability of the glucoamylase powder enzyme from Aspergillus awamori KT-11 in hydrolyzing starch-based biomass for producing liquid sugar. The produced liquid sugar was analyzed its concentration of reducing sugar, glucose concentration, sweetness level, and micrograph as a result of hydrolysis of biomass by enzyme glucoamylase. Variations concentration of the glucoamylase enzyme with cassava juice substrate was optimized to produce a high concentration of liquid sugar. The optimal time on hydrolysing 30% cassava with the enzyme is at 48 hours with enzyme concentration of 10.0469 U and substrate concentration of 30%. The sweetness level obtained on the refractometer is 4.2 % Brix. Approximately, 4000 ppm of glucose can be produced after 48 hours of reaction.
Development of Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.) as Functional Food Based of Local Resource
Authors: Deswina P , Priadi D 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of functional food is one of the government’s programs to improve food security in Indonesia. Increasing cases of degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer have triggered people to look for functional food ingredients, especially local resource-based food sources in each region to explore the benefits and nutritional content of health. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinaceaeL.) is an alternative crop-source of carbohydrate with enormous potential to be developed. Flour products from arrowroot plant have special features, which are easy to digest because the content of the glycemic index (IG) is low so it is very good for health. This plant is generally propagated by vegetation, so it has a narrow genetic diversity. Various efforts have been made to improve the genetic diversity of arrowroot plants, in order to obtain superior types of arrowroot plants with high productivity. This study aims to understand and explore the primacy of arrowroot plants from the benefits, origin, spread, multiplication, and utilization of plants by the community. Based on the results of this study we have not discovered any superior arrowroot plant model with high productivity and wide genetic diversity.
Expression of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in Escherichia coli using various induction methods
Authors: Dewi K S , Permadi D G , Aminah  , Fuad A M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein that has several therapeutic applications. It consists of 174 amino acids and manufactured by recombinant DNA technology. Until now, the Escherichia coli expression system is still become the first choice for producing recombinant proteins. It is because of this organism is simple to culture in low-cost medium and easy to scale up. In the course to find the most efficient way to produce a high yield of recombinant human G-CSF, we compared several types of medium with different induction methods. In this experiment, recombinant E. coli NiCo21(DE3) harbouring gene encoding rh-GCSF proteins were cultured in various media including auto-induction, non-induction, and IPTG-induction. To determine the protein expression profile, culture sampling was done every 12 h (up to 60 h). Then, the optical density at ʎ 600 nm was measured using UV spectrophotometer and rh-GCSF protein expression were characterized using SDS-PAGE and western blot analyses. ImageJ software was used to calculate the amount of rh-GCSF protein yield using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) with known concentration as a standard. Result of this experiment concluded that simple auto-induction medium from Imperial College could produce good amount of rh-GCSF proteins (117 µg/mL) with relatively low production cost and short incubation time.
Optimization of Medium Composition for Inulin Fructotransferase (IFTase) Production by Nonomuraea sp.
Authors: Endah E S , Fitriana M , Mulyani R , Ratnaningrum D , Lisdiyanti P , Pudjiraharti S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Inulin fructotransferase is an enzyme which converts inulin into difructose anhydride III (DFA III). Inulin fructrotransferase was produced by fermentation in medium containing various concentrations of inulin (10 g/L, 20 g/L) as carbon source, yeast extract (1 g/L, 2g/L) as organic nitrogen source and (NH4)2SO4 (2g/L, 5g/L) as inorganic nitrogen source using Nonomuraea sp. ID06-A0189. The aim of the study was to optimize the medium composition using various concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources for inulin fructotransferase production by Nonomuraea sp. ID06-A0189, through shake flask system. Fermentation was conducted at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and agitated in 130 rpm for three days. The result showed that comparable with those found in another condition the highest enzyme activity was produced in medium using inulin as carbon source with concentration of 10 g/L, yeast extract as organic nitrogen source with concentration of 5 g/L and ammonium sulfate as inorganic nitrogen source with concentration of 2 g/L. Addition of inulin as a carbon source increased the volume of biomass by about 11.5-24 mL. The enzyme activity in the culture supernatant reached 25.3 U/mL after three days incubation.
Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus brevis’ surface layer protein (Slp) from Indonesian Culture Collection
Authors: Pratiwi R D , Sembiring E R , Aminah  , Zanjabilla S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Lactobacillus brevis is a potential probiotic in functional foods, yet it is still not well explored. It has been studied to enhance calcium and other minerals absorption in intestine via surface layer protein (Slp). The protein forms mineral-Slp complex and then facilitates bacteria cells binding to the intestinal epithelial cells. Among four L.brevis isolates from Indonesian Culture Collection-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (InaCC LIPI) and one isolate from Food and Nutrition Culture Collection (FNCC Universitas Gadjah Mada), L.brevis B144 shows the highest concentration of Slp in aerated fermentation. The Slp from L.brevis B144 has 45% coverage of peptide mapping compared with that of in database (Lactobacillus brevis KB290). Furthermore, the isolated Slp which was analyzed with 2D SDS PAGE resulted four spots at acidic and neutral pI, namely approximately 3.8-3.9; 5.5-6.5; and 7.6-7.8.
Triplex PCR for halal authentication of processed food: Development and Characterization
Authors: Desriani  , Sugiana F A , Widyowati H , Suryani  , Sukma A , Wulandari D , Warisman M A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Awareness of consumers towards the safety of food and labelling statement due to food adulterations is increasing. Simultaneous detection made the developed methods are rapid and economic. In this study we developed triplex PCR for beef and pork detection by using 18SsRNA as the internal control, then further characterized the methods. Primer formulation for triplex PCR being used are 0, 8µM porcine, 0, 04 µM for each beef and 18sRNA, that all together working at 45°C annealing temperature in one single tube. The amplicon sizes for pork, beef and 18SrRNA are 300, 120 and 99bp respectively. The sensitivity of the method is 0, 851ng. This developed method shown as robust method that can detect DNA target from different source of matrices [five products contain pork (meatball, sausage, ham, pasta, cornet), 3 beef processed food (dendeng, rendang and satay) and three products contain pork include beef (sauce curry from three different products)] which could contain some types of PCR inhibitor. Furthermore, the method shows specific detection towards the target that had no cross contamination.