bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the regional contributions to air pollution in Beijing: a dispersion modelling study using CO as a tracer
Authors: Panagi Marios , Fleming Zoë L. , Monks Paul S. , Ashfold Matthew J. , Wild Oliver , Hollaway Michael , Zhang Qiang , Squires Freya A. , Vande Hey Joshua D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The rapid urbanization and industrialization of northern China in recent decades has resulted in poor air quality in major cities like
Beijing. Transport of air pollution plays a key role in determining the relative influence of local emissions and regional contributions to observed
air pollution. In this paper, dispersion modelling (Numerical Atmospheric Modelling Environment, NAME model) is used with emission inventories and
in situ ground measurement data to track the pathways of air masses arriving in Beijing. The percentage of time the air masses spent over specific
regions during their travel to Beijing is used to assess the effects of regional meteorology on carbon monoxide (CO), a good tracer of
anthropogenic emissions. The NAME model is used with the MEIC (Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China) emission inventories to determine the
amount of pollution that is transported to Beijing from the immediate surrounding areas and regions further away. This approach captures the
magnitude and variability of CO over Beijing and reveals that CO is strongly driven by transport processes. This study provides a more
detailed understanding of relative contributions to air pollution in Beijing under different regional airflow conditions. Approximately 45 %
over a 4-year average (2013–2016) of the total CO pollution that affects Beijing is transported from other regions, and about half of this
contribution comes from beyond the Hebei and Tianjin regions that immediately surround Beijing. The industrial sector is the dominant emission
source from the surrounding regions and contributes over 20 % of the total CO in Beijing. Finally, using PM2.5 to determine
high-pollution days, three pollution classification types of pollution were identified and used to analyse the APHH winter campaign and the 4-year
period. The results can inform targeted control measures to be implemented by Beijing and the surrounding provinces to tackle air quality problems
that affect Beijing and China.
Electron heating by HF pumping of high-latitude ionospheric F-region plasma near magnetic zenith
Authors: Leyser Thomas B. , Gustavsson Björn , Rexer Theresa , Rietveld Michael T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. High-frequency electromagnetic pumping of ionospheric F-region plasma at high and mid latitudes gives
the strongest plasma response in magnetic zenith,
antiparallel to the geomagnetic field in the Northern Hemisphere.
This has been observed in optical emissions from
the pumped plasma turbulence, electron temperature enhancements,
filamentary magnetic field-aligned plasma density irregularities,
and in self-focusing of the pump beam in magnetic zenith.
We present results of EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATter association) Heating-induced magnetic-zenith effects
observed with the EISCAT UHF incoherent scatter radar.
With heating transmitting a left-handed circularly polarized pump beam towards
magnetic zenith, the UHF radar was scanned in elevation in steps of 1.0 and 1.5∘
around magnetic zenith.
The electron energy equation was integrated to model the electron temperature and associated electron heating rate and
optimized to fit the plasma parameter values measured with the radar.
The experimental and modelling results are consistent with pump wave propagation in the L mode in magnetic zenith,
rather than in the O mode.
Contrasting conifer species productivity in relation to soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of British Columbia perhumid rainforests
Authors: Kranabetter John Marty , Sholinder Ariana , de Montigny Louise 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Temperate rainforest soils of the Pacific Northwest are often carbon (C)
rich and encompass a wide range of fertility, reflecting varying nitrogen (N)
and phosphorus (P) availability. Soil resource stoichiometry (C : N : P) may
provide an effective measure of site nutrient status and help refine
species-dependent patterns in forest productivity across edaphic gradients.
We determined mineral soil and forest floor nutrient concentrations across
very wet (perhumid) rainforest sites of southwestern Vancouver Island
(Canada) and employed soil element ratios as covariates in a long-term
planting density trial to test their utility in defining basal area growth
response of four conifer species. There were strong positive correlations in
mineral soil C, N, and organic P (Po) concentrations and close
alignment in C : N and C : Po both among and between substrates. Stand
basal area after 5 decades was best reflected by mineral soil and forest
floor C : N, but in either case included a significant species–soil
interaction. The conifers with ectomycorrhizal fungi had diverging growth
responses displaying either competitive (Picea sitchensis) or stress-tolerant (Tsuga heterophylla,
Pseudotsuga menziesii) attributes, in contrast to a more generalist response by an arbuscular
mycorrhizal tree (Thuja plicata). Despite the consistent patterns in organic matter
quality, we found no evidence for increased foliar P concentrations with
declining element ratios (C : Po or C : Ptotal) as we did for N. The
often high C : Po ratios (as much as 3000) of these soils may reflect a
stronger immobilization sink for P than N, which, along with ongoing
sorption of PO4-, could limit the utility of C : Po or
N : Po to adequately reflect P supply. The dynamics and availability of
soil P to trees, particularly as Po, deserves greater attention, as many
perhumid rainforests were co-limited by N and P, or, in some stands,
possibly P alone.
Association of State Legislation and Industry Compensation to Orthopaedic Residents: A 3-Year Review of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments Database
Authors: Wills Bradley W. , Almaguer Adam M. , Robin Joseph X. , Archie Adam , McMichael Benjamin J. , McGwin Gerald , Ames S. Elizabeth , Ponce Brent A. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The Sunshine Act aims to increase the transparency of physicians receiving compensation from pharmaceutical and medical device companies. Nine states have supplementary legislation in addition to the Federal Sunshine Act. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics of financial compensation to orthopaedic residents on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments Database in states with more restrictive regulations compared with those without additional restrictions.

Methods:
A complete list of accredited orthopaedic residency programs in the United States was compiled using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Osteopathic Academy of Orthopedics websites. The website of each orthopaedic residency program was searched to compile a list of residents who attended their program from 2014 to 2016. The CMS Open Payments Database was used to search the residents identified for the corresponding years. All data available on the CMS Open Payments Database were recorded.

Results:
Over the 3-year period, 3,622 residents were identified from 151 programs. A total of 41% of the residents were reported as receiving compensation from the industry. The percent of residents reported from programs in less restrictive states was 45% versus 28% in more restrictive states (P < 0.001). Residents had a mean of 5.3 transactions per year in less restrictive states and 2.4 transactions per year in more restrictive states (P < 0.001). The mean compensation per resident reported was $2,730 for less restrictive sates versus $1,937 for more restrictive states (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
Overall, 41% of orthopaedic residents were reported on the CMS Open Payments Database with fewer transactions and less compensation going to residents in states with more restrictive legislature. Potential implications on resident education remain unknown.
Bestuurswetenschappen: wisseling van de wacht
Authors: Nelissen Nico 
Published: March 2020

‘Bestuurswetenschappen’: changing the guard
In this editorial the former chief-editor Bas Denters and the new chief-editor Marcel Boogers of this magazine ‘Bestuurswetenschappen’ (the Dutch word for Administrative Sciences) are interviewed on the occasion of changing the guard. This change is a good opportunity to highlight the views of both prominent figures on developments in public administration, in local and regional government, as well as on the role and significance of our magazine. With its new chief-editor, it is entering a new period. The third decade of the new millennium will prove to be just as unsettled, and possibly even more turbulent, as the previous period. Social developments are unfolding rapidly. Public Administration must provide answers to these developments, but also act as a guide. Not from an inapproachable seat, but from a position that puts local and regional government in the midst of citizens and private initiatives.
Geschiedenis van de (lokale) bestuurswetenschappen: politicologie, beleidswetenschap en public choice
Authors: Reussing Rik 
Published: March 2020

History of the (local) administrative sciences: political science, policy science and public choice
From 1964 until roughly 1990, political science would become the dominant approach within the (local) administrative sciences in the Netherlands. This central position was taken over from the legal approach. Important impulses from political science for Public Administration came only from the second-generation political scientists: Gijs Kuypers at the Free University Amsterdam, Hans Daudt at the University of Amsterdam and Hans Daalder at the University of Leiden. In their footsteps, a political scientist emerged who, through his contribution to several universities (the Free University, the University of Nijmegen and the University of Twente), had a great deal of influence on the further development of Dutch Public Administration: Andries Hoogerwerf. Two other approaches emerged from political science that were important for the development of modern public administration in the Netherlands, namely policy science and the new political economy (public choice). In this essay the author outlines the input of the main figures from political science, policy science and public choice until 1990 in various stages that are most relevant to Public Administration. These stages take us to various cities and universities in the Netherlands. In addition, we see important cross-fertilization between the institutions through the transfer of people from one university to another. After 1990 however, Public Administration would increasingly profile itself as an independent inter-discipline.
Las tutorías con las familias en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria: Percepción de padres, madres y profesorado tutor
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz Beatriz , Martínez-González Raquel Amaya , Ceballos-Vacas Esperanza María 
Published: March 2020

En este estudio se analiza la percepción de los padres, las madres y el profesorado tutor sobre quién toma la iniciativa de sus encuentros y los motivos para ello. Han participado 440 padres y 440 madres de las mismas unidades familiares con hijos e hijas en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), y 35 tutores y tutoras de este alumnado. La recogida de información se realizó en las comunidades autónomas de Asturias y Canarias con la Escala de Relaciones entre la Familia y el Centro Escolar (Martínez-González, 1994). Los análisis comparativos realizados a través de la t de Student entre la perspectiva de cada uno de los progenitores/as y los tutores/as indican que todos los colectivos coinciden en señalar que contactan con poca frecuencia, y que cuando lo hacen es para comentar, en general, los progresos académicos de sus hijos e hijas. Los aspectos familiares y personales del alumnado, y la organización de actividades conjuntas no suelen ser motivo de las reuniones tutoriales. De ello se pueden extraer orientaciones y sugerencias de actuación.
This study analyzes the perception of fathers, mothers and the tutor teachers about who takes the initiative of their meetings and the reasons for it. 440 fathers and 440 mothers of the same family unit with children in Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO), and 35 tutors of these students participated. The information was gathered in the autonomous communities of Asturias and the Canary Islands through the Scale on School-Family Relationship (Martínez-González, 1994). The comparative analyses between the perspective of each of the parents and the tutors were carried out through the Student's t, indicating that all the groups agree that they contact with little frequency, and when they do it is to comment, in general, on the academic progress of the children. Interest on the family and on other personal aspects of the students, and on organizing activities together with the parents are not usually reasons for tutorial meetings. From these results, guidelines and suggestions for action can be drawn.
Análisis correlacional de los factores incidentes en el nivel de competencia digital del profesorado
Authors: Pozo Sánchez Santiago , López Belmonte Jesús , Fernández Cruz Manuel , L´ópez Núñez Juan Antonio 
Published: March 2020

Conocer los factores que inciden en la competencia digital docente es imprescindible para que los centros educativos elaboren planes formativos adaptados a las necesidades del alumnado actual. El objetivo de investigación se centra en conocer la incidencia que ejercen en el nivel de competencia digital algunos factores inherentes a la función docente: sexo, edad, experiencia, etapa educativa y nivel de formación. Se ha empleado un diseño cuantitativo sustentado en un enfoque descriptivo y correlacional, con una muestra de 520 docentes españoles de las etapas de infantil, primaria y secundaria. Se empleó un cuestionario validado para medir la competencia digital y otro cuestionario ad hoc para los datos sociodemográficos y formativos. Los resultados revelan que las mujeres disponen de mayor nivel en la creación de contenidos digitales que los hombres, los cuales destacan en la resolución de problemas; existe una relación inversamente proporcional entre edad y nivel competencial; la experiencia mejora el nivel de seguridad digital; la etapa incide en el nivel de información y alfabetización, comunicación y creación de contenidos; el nivel de formación continua es directamente proporcional al nivel competencial. Se concluye que los factores inherentes a la práctica educativa indicen significativamente en el nivel de competencia digital docente.
Knowing the factors that affect the digital teaching competence is essential for schools to develop training plans tailored to the needs of current students. The research objective is focused on knowing the incidence that some factors inherent to the teaching function have on the level of digital competence: sex, age, experience, educational stage and level of training. A quantitative design based on a descriptive and correlational approach has been used, with a sample of 520 Spanish teachers from the infant, primary and secondary stages. A validated questionnaire was used to measure digital competence and another ad hoc questionnaire for sociodemographic and formative data. The results reveal that women have a higher level of digital content creation than men, which stand out in solving problems; there is an inversely proportional relationship between age and competence level; the experience improves the level of digital security; the stage affects the level of information and literacy, communication and content creation; The level of continuing education is directly proportional to the competence level. It is concluded that the factors inherent in educational practice significantly indicate the level of digital teaching competence.
Seasonal pattern of influenza and the association with meteorological factors based on wavelet analysis in Jinan City, Eastern China, 2013–2016
Authors: Su Wei , Liu Ti , Geng Xingyi , Yang Guoliang 
Published: March 2020

Background
Influenza is a disease under surveillance worldwide with different seasonal patterns in temperate and tropical regions. Previous studies have conducted modeling of influenza seasonality using climate variables. This study aimed to identify potential meteorological factors that are associated with influenza seasonality in Jinan, China.

Methods
Data from three influenza sentinel hospitals and respective climate factors (average temperature, relatively humidity (RH), absolute humidity (AH), sunshine duration, accumulated rainfall and speed of wind), from 2013 to 2016, were collected. Statistical and wavelet analyses were used to explore the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus and its potential association with climate factors.

Results
The dynamic of influenza was characterized by annual cycle, with remarkable winter epidemic peaks from December to February. Spearman’s correlation and wavelet coherence analysis illuminated that temperature, AH and atmospheric pressure were main influencing factors. Multiple wavelet coherence analysis showed that temperature and atmospheric pressure might be the main influencing factors of influenza virus A(H3N2) and influenza virus B, whereas temperature and AH might best shape the seasonality of influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09. During the epidemic season, the prevalence of influenza virus lagged behind the change of temperature by 1–8 weeks and atmospheric pressure by 0.5–3 weeks for different influenza viruses.

Conclusion
Climate factors were significantly associated with influenza seasonality in Jinan during the influenza epidemic season and the optional time for influenza vaccination is before November. These finding should be considered in influenza planning of control and prevention.
A fast robust optimizer for intensity modulated proton therapy using GPU
Authors: Xu Yao , Chen Jinhu , Cao Ruifen , Liu Hongdong , Xu Xie George , Pei Xi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRobust optimization has been shown to be effective for stabilizing treatment planning in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), but existing algorithms for the optimization process is time‐consuming. This paper describes a fast robust optimization tool that takes advantage of the GPU parallel computing technologies. The new robust optimization model is based on nine boundary dose distributions — two for ±range uncertainties, six for ±set‐up uncertainties along anteroposterior (A‐P), lateral (R‐L) and superior‐inferior (S‐I) directions, and one for nominal situation. The nine boundary influence matrices were calculated using an in‐house finite size pencil beam dose engine, while the conjugate gradient method was applied to minimize the objective function. The proton dose calculation algorithm and the conjugate gradient method were tuned for heterogeneous platforms involving the CPU host and GPU device. Three clinical cases — one head and neck cancer case, one lung cancer case, and one prostate cancer case — were investigated to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of the proposed robust optimizer. Compared with results from Varian Eclipse (version 13.3), the proposed method is found to be conducive to robust treatment planning that is less sensitive to range and setup uncertainties. The three tested cases show that targets can achieve high dose uniformity while organs at risks (OARs) are in better protection against setup and range errors. Based on the CPU + GPU heterogeneous platform, the execution times of the head and neck cancer case and the prostate cancer case are much less than half of Eclipse, while the run time of the lung cancer case is similar to that of Eclipse. The fast robust optimizer developed in this study can improve the reliability of traditional proton treatment planning in a much faster speed, thus making it possible for clinical utility.
Articular Repair/Regeneration in Healthy and Inflammatory Conditions: From Advanced In Vitro to In Vivo Models
Authors: Teixeira José H. , Pereira Catarina Leite , Almeida Maria Inês , Teixeira Graciosa Q. , Gonçalves Raquel M. , Barbosa Mário A. , Santos Susana G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe burden of chronic inflammatory diseases of joints and the spine is increasing with population ageing and unhealthy lifestyles. Articular cartilage and intervertebral discs (IVDs) are avascular and aneural tissues with abundant extracellular matrix, low cell density, and reduced regenerative capacity after damage or degeneration. The most advanced in vitro and ex vivo cell‐/tissue‐/biomaterial‐based models and technologies to improve physiological mimicry are discussed, focusing on the impact of inflammation on articular repair/regeneration. In addition, in vivo models, developed to study cartilage and IVD repair/regeneration are addressed. While animal models continue to provide crucial mechanistic and preclinical data, more advanced and robust in vitro/ex vivo cartilage and IVD models, with appropriate extracellular matrix cues and allowing for cellular crosstalk, have seen an exponential growth in the last decade. Due to the complexity of articular microenvironments, adequate in vitro/ex vivo/in vivo models are essential to study the molecular mechanisms underlying articular diseases and develop new therapies for repair/regeneration.
Shaping the Future of Solid‐State Electrolytes through Computational Modeling
Authors: Baktash Ardeshir , Reid James C. , Yuan Qinghong , Roman Tanglaw , Searles Debra J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdvances and progress in computational research that aims to understand and improve solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are outlined. One of the main challenges in the development of all‐solid‐state batteries is the design of new SSEs with high ion diffusivity that maintain chemical and phase stability and thereby provide a wide electrochemical stability window. Solving this problem requires a deep understanding of the diffusion mechanism and properties of the SSEs. A second important challenge is the development of an understanding of the interface between the SSE and the electrode. The role of molecular simulations and modeling in dealing with these challenges is discussed, with reference to examples in the literature. The methods used and issues considered in recent years are highlighted. Finally, a brief outlook about the future of modeling in studying solid‐state battery technology is presented.
Binding Zinc Ions by Carboxyl Groups from Adjacent Molecules toward Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Wang Caixing , Ni Zhigang , Gu Yuming , Wang Bingliang , Guo Zhaowei , Wang Zhuo , Bin Duan , Ma Jing , Wang Yonggang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe newly emerged aqueous Zn–organic batteries are attracting extensive attention as a promising candidate for energy storage. However, most of them suffer from the unstable and/or soluble nature of organic molecules, showing limited cycle life (≤3000 cycles) that is far away from the requirement (10 000 cycles) for grid‐scale energy storage. Here, a new aqueous zinc battery is proposed by using sulfur heterocyclic quinone dibenzo[b,i]thianthrene‐5,7,12,14‐tetraone (DTT) as the cathode. The cell shows a high reversible capacity of 210.9 mAh gDTT−1 at 50 mA gDTT−1 with a high mass loading of 5 mgDTT cm−2, along with a fast kinetics for charge storage. Electrochemical measurements, ex situ analyses, and density functional theory calculation successfully demonstrate that the DTT electrode can simultaneously store both protons (H+) and Zn2+ to form DTT2(H+)4(Zn2+), where Zn2+ is bound to the carboxyl groups from the adjacent DTT molecules with improved stability. Benefitting from the improved molecular stability and the inherent low solubility of DTT and related discharge products, the DTT//Zn full cell exhibits a superlong life of 23 000 cycles with a capacity retention of 83.8%, which is much superior to previous reports.