bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clofibrate, a PPAR‐α agonist, abrogates sodium fluoride‐induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and motor incoordination via modulation of GFAP/Iba‐1/anti‐calbindin signaling pathways
Authors: Oyagbemi Ademola A. , Adebiyi Olamide E. , Adigun Kabirat O. , Ogunpolu Blessing S. , Falayi Olufunke O. , Hassan Fasilat O. , Folarin Oluwabusayo R. , Adebayo Adedeji K. , Adejumobi Olumuyiwa A. , Asenuga Ebunoluwa R. , Ola‐Davies Olufunke E. , Omobowale Temidayo O. , Olopade James O. , Saba Adebowale B. , Adedapo Adeolu A. , Nkadimeng Sanah M. , McGaw Lyndy J. , Oguntibeju Oluwafemi O. , Yakubu Momoh A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFluoride is an environmental contaminant that is ubiquitously present in air, water, and soil. It is commonly added in minute quantity to drinking water, toothpaste, and mouth rinses to prevent tooth decay. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated that exposure to fluoride induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and motor disorders. The neuroprotective effect of clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha agonist, was investigated in the present study. Forty male Wistar rats were used for this study and randomly grouped into 10 rats per group as control, sodium fluoride (NaF) alone (300 ppm), NaF plus clofibrate (250 mg/kg), and NaF plus lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively, for 7 days. NaF was administered in drinking water while clofibrate and lisinopril were administered by oral gavage. Markers of neuronal inflammation and oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase activity, and neurobehavioral (hanging wire and open field) tests were performed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on brain tissues, and they were probed with glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule 1, and cerebellar Ca2+‐binding protein calbindin‐D28k. The results showed that NaF significantly increased of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and inhibited AChE activity. Immunostaining showed reactive astrocytes, microgliosis, loss of dendritic spines, and arborization in Purkinje cells in rats administered only NaF. Neurobehavioral results showed that cotreatment of NaF with clofibrate improved muscular strength and locomotion, reduced anxiety, and significantly reduced astrocytic count. Overall, cotreatment of NaF with either clofibrate or lisinopril showed neuroprotective effects by mitigating neuronal inflammation and oxidative and motor incoordination. Hence, clofibrate could be seen as a novel drug candidate against neurodegeneration and motor disorders.
Exploring the impact of a naturally occurring sapogenin diosgenin on underlying mechanisms of Ca2+ movement and cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Sun Gwo‐Ching , Jan Chung‐Ren , Liang Wei‐Zhe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLiterature has shown that diosgenin, a naturally occurring sapogenin, inducedcytotoxic effects in many cancer models. This study investigated the effect of diosgenin on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and cytotoxicity in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Diosgenin (250‐1000 μM) caused [Ca2+]i rises which was reduced by Ca2+ removal. Treatment with thapsigargin eliminated diosgenin‐induced [Ca2+]i increases. In contrast, incubation with diosgeninabolished thapsigargin‐caused [Ca2+]i increases. Suppression of phospholipase C with U73122 eliminated diosgenin‐caused [Ca2+]i increases. Diosgenin evoked Mn2+ influx suggesting that diosgenin induced Ca2+ entry. Diosgenin‐induced Ca2+influx was suppressed by PMA, GF109203X, and nifedipine, econazole, or SKF96365. Diosgenin (250‐600 μM) concentration‐dependently decreased cell viability. However, diosgenin‐induced cytotoxicity was not reversed by chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA/AM. Together, diosgenin evoked [Ca2+]i increases via Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx, and caused Ca2+‐non‐associated deathin PC3 cells. These findings reveal a newtherapeutic potential of diosgenin for human prostate cancer.
Comparison of two fetoscopic open neural tube defect repair techniques: single‐ vs three‐layer closure
Authors: Belfort M. A. , Whitehead W. E. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Espinoza J. , Nassr A. A. , Lee T. C. , Olutoye O. O. , Keswani S. G. , Sanz Cortes M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe reported previously on an exteriorized‐uterus fetoscopic repair for open neural tube defect (ONTD) using a single‐layer closure (SLC) technique. However, because SLC was associated with a high rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage at birth, we developed a three‐layer closure (3LC) technique comprising a bovine collagen patch, a myofascial layer and a skin layer. The aims of this study were to compare SLC and 3LC in terms of intraoperative, postoperative and obstetric outcomes, as well as short‐term neonatal neurologic and non‐neurologic outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data, from 32 consecutive SLC controls and 18 consecutive 3LC cases, that underwent exteriorized‐uterus two‐port fetoscopic repair of ONTD at our center, between April 2014 and December 2018. All patients satisfied the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) criteria. Obstetric, maternal, fetal and early neonatal outcomes were compared between the SLC and 3LC groups.ResultsMaternal demographics and mean gestational age (GA) at fetal surgery (25.0 ± 0.7 vs 25.0 ± 0.5 weeks' gestation; P = 0.96), and at delivery (36.5 ± 3.5 vs 37.6 ± 3.0 weeks; P = 0.14), were similar between the SLC and 3LC groups, respectively. The rate of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) < 37 weeks (28% vs 29%; P = 0.9), mean GA at PPROM (32.3 ± 3.4 vs 32.7 ± 1.9 weeks; P = 0.83) and rate of vaginal delivery (50% vs 47%; P = 0.84) were similar for the SLC vs 3LC groups, respectively. In pregnancies that had SLC compared with those that had 3LC, there was a significantly higher incidence of CSF leakage at birth (8/32 (25%) vs 0/17 (0%); P = 0.02) and a significantly lower rate of reversal of hindbrain herniation at 6 weeks postoperatively (18/30 (60%) vs 14/15 (93%); P = 0.02). The rate of infants that met the MOMS criteria for shunt placement or died before 12 months of age (23/31 (74%) vs 7/12 (58%); P = 0.31) and those that required treatment for hydrocephalus by 12 months (15/32 (47%) vs 4/12 (33%); P = 0.42) were similar between the SLC and 3LC groups, respectively.ConclusionsCompared to SLC, 3LC preserves the fetal and obstetric benefits of fetoscopic repair and shows improved rates of CSF leakage and reversal of hindbrain herniation at 6 weeks postoperatively. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Maternal cardiovascular function and risk of intrapartum fetal compromise in women undergoing induction of labor: pilot study
Authors: Kalafat E. , Barratt I. , Nawaz A. , Thilaganathan B. , Khalil A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveIdentification of the fetus at risk of intrapartum compromise has many benefits. Impaired maternal cardiovascular function is associated with placental hypoperfusion predisposing to intrapartum fetal distress. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive accuracy of maternal hemodynamics for the risk of operative delivery due to presumed fetal compromise in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, patients were recruited between November 2018 and January 2019. Women undergoing IOL were invited to participate in the study. A non‐invasive ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM‐1A®) was used for cardiovascular assessment. The study outcome was operative delivery due to presumed fetal compromise, which included Cesarean or instrumental delivery for abnormal fetal heart monitoring. Regression analysis was used to test the association between cardiovascular markers, as well as the maternal characteristics, and the risk of operative delivery due to presumed fetal compromise. Receiver‐operating‐characteristics‐curve analysis was used to assess the predictive accuracy of the cardiovascular markers for the risk of operative delivery for presumed fetal compromise.ResultsA total of 99 women were recruited, however four women were later excluded from the analysis due to semi‐elective Cesarean section (n = 2) and failed IOL (n = 2). The rate of operative delivery due to presumed fetal compromise was 28.4% (27/95). Women who delivered without suspected fetal compromise (controls) were more likely to be parous, compared to those who had operative delivery due to fetal compromise (52.9% vs 18.5%; P = 0.002). Women who underwent operative delivery due to presumed fetal compromise had a significantly lower cardiac index (median, 2.50 vs 2.60 L/min/m2; P = 0.039) and a higher systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (median, 1480 vs 1325 dynes × s/cm5, P = 0.044) compared to controls. The baseline model (being parous only) showed poor predictive accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.58–0.77). The addition of stroke volume index (SVI) < 36 mL/m2, SVR > 7.2 logs or SVR index (SVRI) > 7.7 logs improved significantly the predictive accuracy of the baseline model (P = 0.012, P = 0.026 and P = 0.012, respectively).ConclusionIn this pilot study, we demonstrated that prelabor maternal cardiovascular assessment in women undergoing IOL could be useful for assessing the risk of intrapartum fetal compromise necessitating operative delivery. The addition of SVI, SVR or SVRI improved significantly the predictive accuracy of the baseline antenatal model. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Assessing precipitation trends in the Americas with historical data: A review
Authors: Carvalho Leila M. V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNorth, Central, and South America (collectively referred to as the Americas) extend across two hemispheres, and together cover approximately 28% of Earth's land area and are home to about 13% of the world's population. Unique ecosystems, diversified cultures, and communities that inhabit the region rely on precipitation delivered yearly by multiple systems, including mid‐latitudes storms, the North and South American Monsoons, and tropical storms and hurricanes. The rapid warming of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans combined with internal variability of the climate system, have modified precipitation patterns from the tropics to high latitudes. In the Americas, instrumental records have shown evidence of upward trends in extreme precipitation (amount, intensity, and frequency) in many areas. The most consistent evidence of precipitation trends occurs in mid‐latitudes of North America and in the subtropics of South America. Recent studies have indicated a poleward shift of heavy precipitation associated with South American Monsoon. Nonetheless, the deficient network of rain gauges in vast areas over tropical Americas limits the assessment of trends in regions with heavy rainfall amounts. Additionally, observed trends in the North America monsoon precipitation are difficult to separate from the contribution of tropical storms and hurricanes. Furthermore, coupled modes such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation modulate precipitation in the Americas, from the tropics to the extratropics, and these teleconnections are relevant to assess precipitation trends using historical records. This review evaluates all these complex issues focusing on observations based on instrumental datasets.This article is categorized under:Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Retracted: Forecasting model for wind power integrating least squares support vector machine, singular spectrum analysis, deep belief network, and locality‐sensitive hashing
Authors: Habib Arslan , Abbassi Rabeh , Aristizábal Andrés Julián , Abbassi Abdelkader 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccurate wind power prediction can alleviate the negative influence on power system caused by the integration of wind farms into grid. In this paper, a novel combination model is proposed with the purpose of enhancing short‐term wind power prediction precision. Singular spectrum analysis is utilized to decompose the original wind power series into the trend component and the fluctuation component. Then least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is applied to forecast the trend component while deep belief network (DBN) is utilized to predict the fluctuation component. By this means, the performance advantages of LSSVM and DBN can be brought into full play. Moreover, the locality‐sensitive hashing search algorithm is introduced to cluster the nearest training samples to further improve forecasting accuracy. Besides, the effect of LSSVM based on different kernel functions and the number of the nearest samples is investigated. The simulation results show that the normalized root mean square errors of the proposed model based on linear kernel function from 1‐step to 3‐step forecasting are 2.13%, 5.03%, and 7.29%, respectively, which outperforms all the other comparison models. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed combination model provides a promising and effective alternative for short‐term wind power prediction.
Long‐term stability of invisible X‐ray fluorescence identification tags
Authors: Benetková Barbora , Krejčí Jan , Drábková Klára , Ďurovič Michal , Veselý Michal , Dzik Petr , Akrman Jiří 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe traditional labelling of archive documents (e.g., hand stamping) entails several limitations. It could affect the aesthetic value of the archive document and is easy to find and remove in case of the theft of the document. The use of a label that would not be easily visible by the naked eye would resolve both of these problems. One possibility in designing such label is the use of the elements that have a good response in X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrum, are not disturbing in colour, and are not usually present in the archive materials themselves. This study focuses on such type of labelling, specifically, the tags based on the oxides of lanthanum, dysprosium, samarium, gadolinium, and niobium. For the material to be taken into account by the community, it has to fulfil several important characteristics, such as harmlessness to the archival documents, non‐toxicity, or long‐term stability. In the study, the long‐term stability of these tags was studied on model samples of lignocellulose materials subjected to several types of artificial ageing. The colour changes and changes in the intensity of the responses of the individual elements in the XRF spectra were evaluated. To simulate the practical use, the tags of minimal visibility to the naked eye were printed on samples of real archive materials, and their potential for detection using a handheld XRF spectrometer was studied. Both of the research parts should help bring this type of labelling closer to the field application.
Analysis of Systematic Errors in Geocenter Coordinates Determined From GNSS, SLR, DORIS, and GRACE
Authors: Kosek Wiesław , Popiński Waldemar , Wnęk Agnieszka , Sośnica Krzysztof , Zbylut-Górska Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to determine and analyze the common geocenter signal from the geocenter coordinates based on four independent techniques: Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment with the ocean bottom pressure model, and Satellite Laser Ranging, and to analyze the residuals as the differences between these geocenter coordinates and their common signal. Another objective of this paper is to compute variable amplitudes and phases of the annual and semi-annual oscillations in the geocenter coordinates of these techniques by the combination of the Fourier Transform Band Pass Filter (FTBPF) with the Hilbert Transform (FTBPF + HT) and to compare their mean values with those obtained by other authors. It was assumed that the geocenter time series of individual techniques consist of the common signal of geocenter motion, systematic errors resulting from orbital modeling and noise. Generally, the annual oscillation amplitudes in these techniques computed by the FTBPF + HT vary in time and their mean values are of the order of 2 mm for the X coordinate, 2.4–3.6 mm for the Y coordinate and 2.8–5.6 mm for the Z coordinate and the semi-annual oscillation amplitude is variable and about two times smaller than the annual one. The phases of these two oscillations are also variable, there are differences in their mean values for different techniques and the semi-annual oscillation phases changes throughout the entire phase range. To detect the common geocenter signal the wavelet-based semblance filtering (WBSF) method was applied. The weighted mean model was computed from all geocenter coordinate pairs from individual techniques assuming weights as inversely proportional to the variances of differences between the geocenter coordinates and their corresponding WBSF outputs. The average and median models computed from these outputs show a good agreement with the weighted mean model and generally, the average amplitudes of the annual signal in these models are of the order of 2 mm in each geocenter coordinate. The FTBPF amplitude spectra of these models reveals the retrograde annual oscillation in the XY equatorial plane. The FTBPF and FTBPF + HT amplitude spectra of geocenter time series and their residuals show mainly the maxima of different heights in the annual frequency band. The annual oscillations left in all residuals and oscillations with period less than ~ 120 days in DORIS and GNSS amplitude spectra may be caused by systematic errors of techniques resulting from mis-modeling of satellite orbits.
Autoimmunity plays a role in the onset of diabetes after 40 years of age
Authors: Rolandsson Olov , Hampe Christiane S. , Sharp Stephen J. , Ardanaz Eva , Boeing Heiner , Fagherazzi Guy , Mancini Francesca Romana , Nilsson Peter M. , Overvad Kim , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Dorronsoro Miren , Gunter Marc J. , Kaaks Rudolf , Key Timothy J. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Krogh Vittorio , Kühn Tilman , Palli Domenico , Panico Salvatore , Sacerdote Carlotta , Sánchez Maria-José , Severi Gianluca , Spijkerman Annemieke M. W. , Tumino Rosario , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Riboli Elio , Forouhi Nita G. , Langenberg Claudia , Wareham Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ with respect to pathophysiological factors such as beta cell function, insulin resistance and phenotypic appearance, but there may be overlap between the two forms of diabetes. However, there are relatively few prospective studies that have characterised the relationship between autoimmunity and incident diabetes. We investigated associations of antibodies against the 65 kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes genetic risk scores and incident diabetes in adults in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct, a case-cohort study nested in the EPIC cohort.

Methods
GAD65 antibodies were analysed in EPIC participants (over 40 years of age and free of known diabetes at baseline) by radioligand binding assay in a random subcohort (n = 15,802) and in incident diabetes cases (n = 11,981). Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes genetic risk scores were calculated. Associations between GAD65 antibodies and incident diabetes were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression.

Results
GAD65 antibody positivity at baseline was associated with development of diabetes during a median follow-up time of 10.9 years (HR for GAD65 antibody positive vs negative 1.78; 95% CI 1.43, 2.20) after adjustment for sex, centre, physical activity, smoking status and education. The genetic risk score for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes was associated with GAD65 antibody positivity in both the subcohort (OR per SD genetic risk 1.24; 95% CI 1.03, 1.50) and incident cases (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.72, 2.26) after adjusting for age and sex. The risk of incident diabetes in those in the top tertile of the type 1 diabetes genetic risk score who were also GAD65 antibody positive was 3.23 (95% CI 2.10, 4.97) compared with all other individuals, suggesting that 1.8% of incident diabetes in adults was attributable to this combination of risk factors.

Conclusions/interpretation
Our study indicates that incident diabetes in adults has an element of autoimmune aetiology. Thus, there might be a reason to re-evaluate the present subclassification of diabetes in adulthood.
Tissue classification by rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS): comparison between a diathermic knife and CO2 laser sampling on classification performance
Authors: Genangeli Michele , Heeren Ron M. A. , Porta Siegel Tiffany 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The increasing need for rapid, in situ, and robust tissue profiling approaches in the context of intraoperative diagnostics has led to the development of a large number of ambient ionization-based surface sampling strategies. This paper compares the performances of a diathermic knife and a CO2 laser handpiece, both clinically approved, coupled to a rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) source for quasi-instantaneous tissue classification. Several fresh meat samples (muscle, liver, bone, bone marrow, cartilage, skin, fat) were obtained from different animals. Overall, the laser produced cleaner cuts and more reproducible and higher spectral quality signals when compared with the diathermic knife (CV laser = 9–12%, CV diathermic = 14–23%). The molecular profiles were subsequently entered into a database and PCA/LDA classification/prediction models were built to assess if the data generated with one sampling modality can be employed to classify the data generated with the other handpiece. We demonstrate that the correct classification rate of the models increases (+ 25%) with the introduction of a model based on peak lists that are tissue-specific and common to the two handpieces, compared with considering solely the whole molecular profile. This renders it possible to use a unique and universal database for quasi-instantaneous tissue recognition which would provide similar classification results independent of the handpiece used. Furthermore, the laser was able to generate aerosols rich in lipids from hard tissues such as bone, bone marrow, and cartilage. Combined, these results demonstrate that REIMS is a valuable and versatile tool for instantaneous identification/classification of hard tissue and coupling to different aerosol-generating handpieces expands its field of application.