bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les financiers sont-ils néoclassiques ? Conceptions indigènes de la valeur des acteurs du capital investissement
Authors: Benquet Marlène 
Published: November 2019

Fondé sur des données ethnographiques et l’analyse d’un corpus de 48 entretiens, ce texte décrit les conceptions indigènes de la valeur des firmes des membres des fonds d’investissement. À partir d’une approche pragmatique des jugements portés sur la valeur, ce texte évalue la prégnance d’une définition substantielle dite néoclassique de la valeur parmi ces investisseurs, et montre que, récusée lorsqu’ils commentent leurs pratiques professionnelles, elle est en revanche mobilisée lorsqu’il s’agit de les justifier.
Définir la valeur des écoles : l’acquisition de pensionnats privés par une multinationale de l’éducation
Authors: Bertron Caroline 
Published: November 2019

Comment la fabrique du profit s’exprime-t-elle dans le secteur de l’éducation ? L’article explore la financiarisation des écoles à but lucratif et en particulier des écoles dites internationales. La concentration financière de l’éducation à but lucratif, notamment dans l’enseignement secondaire, a jusqu’à présent conduit à peu de travaux. En analysant les trajectoires socio-historiques de trois écoles internationales détenues par une multinationale de l’éducation, cet article examine les configurations spatiales et régionales des phénomènes financiers dans l’enseignement secondaire. Il analyse la façon dont de multiples acteurs définissent dans un contexte de reprise financière ce qu’est une « école » et leur école, en tant que bien qui se construit et s’échange. Les enjeux de requalification financière et entrepreneuriale des activités et des légitimités éducatives, mais aussi le maintien d’un capital associé à l’ancrage en Suisse de ces écoles y sont étudiés.
Critiquer le capitalisme par la banque : le crédit alternatif en tant qu’instrument politique
Authors: Lovera Arianna 
Published: November 2019

Une banque peut-elle critiquer le capitalisme, tout en respectant les normes imposées par les banques centrales et tout en restant viable économiquement ? Comment cette critique peut-elle se déployer ? Quel est le mode d’évaluation de son succès ? Pour apporter des réponses à ces questions, l’article analyse l’activité de crédit de trois organisations bancaires actives dans le secteur de la finance alternative : MAG6 et Banca Etica pour l’Italie ; la Nef pour la France.
Des « voilées » à Sciences Po. Maniements du stigmate et insertion professionnelle
Authors: Lazrak Ostiane 
Published: November 2019

Les affaires du voile sont au cœur de la construction d’un « problème musulman », qui a conduit à l’exclusion croissante des musulmanes visibles de nombreux domaines de la vie publique. Leur accès à l’emploi est l’un des enjeux les plus cruciaux de cette exclusion. Cette enquête, réalisée auprès d’étudiantes de Sciences Po, étudie le fonctionnement du voile comme stigmate à l’insertion professionnelle. Interdites d’accès au secteur public, auquel Sciences Po destine traditionnellement, elles rencontrent aussi des discriminations dans le secteur privé dès leurs jobs étudiants, leurs premiers entretiens d’embauche, ou leurs stages. Une diversité de stratégies se manifeste dans le maniement de ce stigmate, au moment de se projeter dans une carrière, dans un cadre fortement contraint.
Le religieux dans le répertoire d’action local de l’Éducation nationale. Les praticiens face aux prescriptions centrales
Authors: Laborde Vanille 
Published: November 2019

Les attentats de 2015 ont provoqué une réémergence de la question religieuse dans les politiques scolaires. Au croisement entre sociologies de l’action publique et des groupes professionnels, cet article donne à voir les débats déontologiques suscités par la mise à contribution des agents de l’Éducation nationale dans les dispositifs de promotion la laïcité et de lutte contre la « radicalisation ». La focale sur une académie fait apparaître des bricolages avec les prescriptions nationales. En effet, le flou qui entoure certaines catégories institutionnelles mobilisées pour légitimer l’action publique accroît l’impact déterminant des acteurs intermédiaires de l’administration scolaire dans les régulations effectives de ces politiques.
Encadrer la religiosité des élèves à l’école depuis 2004. De la loi à sa mise en œuvre
Authors: Le Meur Chloé 
Published: November 2019

À partir de septembre 2004, dans les établissements publics français d’enseignement primaire et secondaire, la loi autorise aux élèves le port de signes religieux discrets et leur interdit ceux manifestant ostensiblement une appartenance confessionnelle. Comment, dès lors, les agents de l’éducation nationale distinguent-ils le discret de l’ostensible, l’autorisé de l’interdit, dans leur mise en application quotidienne de ce nouveau cadre législatif ? L’objectif de l’article est d’identifier les critères normatifs mobilisés et produits par les agents pour procéder à l’évaluation de l’expression vestimentaire et religieuse des élèves. L’observation d’une proximité pratique entre la catégorie de signe religieux et celle de signe d’appartenance communautaire permet notamment d’interroger la nature de ce qui est évalué.
La maison, cet impensé des projets de transmission agricole hors du cadre familial
Authors: Chizelle Brigitte , Lataste Dominique , Leroy Claire 
Published: November 2019

Cet article porte sur la transmission des exploitations agricoles au moment de la retraite de l’exploitant et aborde plus précisément la place et les enjeux qu’occupe dans cette transmission la maison d’habitation, souvent située sur le site de la ferme. Après avoir recensé dans la littérature les facteurs qui entravent la transmission, les auteurs montrent que la cession de la maison est souvent impensée car l’agriculteur cédant vit un dilemme : soit il reste dans sa maison et cela peut compromettre la transmission de la ferme, particulièrement dans le cas d’une transmission hors cadre familial, soit il la quitte et va devoir recomposer son identité ainsi que ses relations conjugales.
Genèse de la problématisation de la religion au travail. De la promotion de la diversité à la gestion du fait religieux
Authors: Benaissa Hicham 
Published: November 2019

La problématique de la « religion au travail » occupe assez fréquemment depuis quelques années le devant de la scène publique. Pourtant, durant les années 1970, les syndicats de l’industrie automobile avaient inscrit dans leurs diverses revendications l’aménagement de lieux de culte pour des immigrés musulmans venus du Maghreb. Qu’y a-t-il donc de véritablement nouveau aujourd’hui ? À partir de ma propre trajectoire professionnelle me conduisant à travailler auprès d’entreprises et collectivités, sur les questions liées au fait religieux, je souhaite précisément examiner les mécanismes par lesquels, peu à peu, la thématique de « la religion au travail » a surgi. Son émergence doit être rapportée à la constitution progressive, au sein du champ économique, d’un « marché » de la diversité.
Satisfaction with an Exercise Physiology Consultation After Treatment for Childhood Cancer
Authors: Mizrahi David , Wakefield Claire E. , Ha Lauren , Cohn Richard J. , Simar David , Fardell Joanna E. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
Many childhood cancer survivors are not engaging in sufficient physical activity despite high chronic disease incidence. We assessed satisfaction and acceptability of attending an exercise physiology consultation.

Methods:
An 8–18-year-old cancer survivor >1-year posttherapy were assessed by an exercise physiologist (T0). We assessed parents' and survivors' satisfaction and acceptability with the consultation and information received 1-month later (T1). Parents and survivors were asked whether they would see an exercise physiologist again and whether other survivors should be assessed.

Results:
We recruited 102 participants, with 70 unique families retained. Parents were more satisfied with information received about exercise from T0to T1 (43.4 ± 33.2 vs. 81.5 ± 17.6/100,P < 0.001). Parents reported high satisfaction from the consultation (94.7 ± 10.2/100). Most parents (96.6%) and survivors (95.9%) recommended other survivors see an exercise physiologist. Some parents (37.0%) wanted their child to be more active, while 47.8% of survivors wanted to be more active.

Conclusions:
There was support for an exercise physiology consultation from parents and survivors. Guidance from an exercise physiologist may be important to alter lifestyle behaviors, which can be potentially beneficial to cardiovascular and psychological well-being.
Statins & risk of Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Panjawatanan Panadeekarn , Thongprayoon Charat , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:

Clostridium difficile infection is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that statin users may have a lower risk of C. difficile infection, although the results are inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted with the aim of summarizing all available data to assess the risk of C. difficile infection among statin users versus non-users.

Methods:
A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to October 2017. Cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that compared the risk of C. difficile infection among statin users versus non-users were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method.

Results:
Six case-control studies and two cross-sectional studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of C. difficile infection among statin users was significantly lower than non-users with the pooled OR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61-0.89). The statistical heterogeneity of this study was high (I
2=90%).

Interpretation & conclusions:
This meta-analysis demonstrated a decreased risk of C. difficile infection among statin users versus non-users. Further studies are required to clarify the role of statins for prevention of C. difficile infection in clinical practice.
Evaluation of haemoglobin cut-off for mild anaemia in Asians - analysis of multiple rounds of two national nutrition surveys
Authors: Varghese Jithin Sam , Thomas Tinku , Kurpad Anura V. 
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:
The haemoglobin (Hb) cut-off is a single value for all populations. It is possible that different populations might have slightly different cut-off values; but, this needs to be evaluated in healthy populations with low possibility of inadequate dietary intakes of haematopoietic nutrients. This study was conducted to assess the existence of race-specific Hb cut-offs for mild anaemia in healthy populations and their potential implications.

Methods:
In this study the Hb distributions of healthy White, Black, Mexican and Hispanic and Asian non-pregnant women obtained from nine rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and two rounds of National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS), was examined to check the existence of race-specific Hb cut-off for mild anaemia, by standard statistical methods.

Results:
The mean Hb of Blacks, Mexicans and Hispanics and Asians were lower than Whites, consistent with previous literature. The Hb cut-off for mild anaemia in Asians was lower at 11.22 g/dl.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Using the Hb cut-off derived in this study in place of the World Health Organization, cut-off of 12 g/dl would result in a 17.9 per cent decrease in the prevalence of anaemia in India. This points to the need for re-examining race-specific cut-off for mild anaemia and points to the need for alternative methods, perhaps linked to risk of unhealthy outcomes.
Comparison of laboratory-developed test & validated assay of programmed death ligand-1 immunohistochemistry in non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Nambirajan Aruna , Husain Nuzhat , Shukla Saumya , Kumar Sunil , Jain Deepali 
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:
Inhibitors of immune checkpoint regulators, programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), improve outcome in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Tumours expressing PD-L1 protein are more likely to benefit from this targeted therapy. Multiple concurrent clinical trials evaluating different anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies have validated five different immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays using varied antibody clones and staining conditions. This study was aimed at identification of a single harmonized PD-L1 assay for tumour tissue conservation and cost-effectiveness in patients with NSCLC.

Methods:
The performance of low-cost, manual, laboratory-developed technique (LDT) PD-L1 IHC assay using the easily available SP142 clone was compared with trial validated Ventana SP263 IHC performed on automated Ventana staining platform on tumour sections of NSCLCs.

Results:
Eighty cases of NSCLC were included. SP263 and SP142 stained both tumour cells and immune cells. The concordance rate of tumour cell staining was about 76 per cent, with SP263 detecting more tumour cells in 16 per cent of cases. The concordance rate of immune cell staining was only 61 per cent, with SP142 detecting more immune cells in 24 per cent of cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of manual SP142 LDT assay against gold standard SP263 Ventana assay were 70, 94, 86 and 86 per cent, respectively, at positivity thresholds of ≥1 per cent tumour cell staining.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The study findings suggested that LDT using SP142 clone showed only moderate concordance with SP263 Ventana assay, and the two assays were not interchangeable. More such validation studies need to be done to generate information that can complement patient therapy in cases of NSCLC.
Determination of individual type 2 diabetes risk profile in the North East Indian population & its association with anthropometric parameters
Authors: Sarkar Purabi , Bhowmick Ananya , Baruah Manash P. , Bhattacharjee Sahana , Subhadra Poornima , Banu Sofia 
Published: November 2019

Background & objectives:
Diabetes genomics research has illuminated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in several genes including, fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) (rs9939609 and rs9926289), potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 11 (rs5219), SLC30A8 (rs13266634) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (rs1805192). The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of these polymorphisms in conferring susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the North East Indian population, and also to establish their association with anthropometric parameters.

Methods:
DNA was extracted from blood samples of 155 patients with T2D and 100 controls. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. To confirm the association between the inheritance of SNP and T2D development, logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results:
For the rs9939609 variant (FTO), the dominant model AA/(AT+TT) revealed significant association with T2D [odds ratio (OR)=2.03, P=0.021], but was non-significant post correction for multiple testing (P=0.002). For the rs13266634 variant (SLC30A8), there was considerable but non-significant difference in the distribution pattern of genotypic polymorphisms between the patients and the controls (P=0.004). Significant association was observed in case of the recessive model (CC+CT)/TT (OR=4.56 P=0.001), after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index. In addition, a significant association (P=0.001) of low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) could be established with the FTO (rs9926289) polymorphism assuming dominant model.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The current study demonstrated a modest but significant effect of SLC30A8 (rs13266634) polymorphisms on T2D predisposition. Considering the burgeoning prevalence of T2D in the Indian population, the contribution of these genetic variants studied, to the ever-increasing number of T2D cases, appears to be relatively low. This study may serve as a foundation for performing future genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving larger populations.
Separable Quotients of Free Topological Groups
Authors: Leiderman Arkady , Tkachenko Mikhail 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study the following problem: For which Tychonoff spaces $X$ do the free topological group $F(X)$ and the free abelian topological group $A(X)$ admit a quotient homomorphism onto a separable and nontrivial (i.e., not finitely generated) group? The existence of the required quotient homomorphisms is established for several important classes of spaces $X$, which include the class of pseudocompact spaces, the class of locally compact spaces, the class of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-compact spaces, the class of connected locally connected spaces, and some others.We also show that there exists an infinite separable precompact topological abelian group $G$ such that every quotient of $G$ is either the one-point group or contains a dense non-separable subgroup and, hence, does not have a countable network.
Aprender com modelagem: relações entre modelagem (matemática) e processos criativos
Authors: Madruga Zulma Elizabete De Freitas , Lima Valderez Marina Do Rosário 
Published: November 2019

Este artigo teórico objetiva apresentar uma proposta metodológica, construída a partir de uma pesquisa que analisou as relações entre os processos criativos de diferentes profissionais e procedimentos de modelagem (matemática). A proposta, chamada aprender com modelagem, toma por base as ideias teóricas de Rodney Bassanezi e Maria Salett Biembengut. A pesquisa que originou este artigo foi realizada com 10 profissionais de diferentes ramos, seus resultados incentivaram a publicação dessa proposta teórica. Indicam-se caminhos para utilizar como prática pedagógica a modelagem, por meio do aprender com modelagem, na busca por desenvolver criatividade e comunicação, no intuito de valorar a cultura e o entorno do estudante. Como resultados apresentam-se as categorias: Intenção – escolha da temática a ser desenvolvida; Projeção – familiarização com o assunto, busca por subsídios; Criação – elaboração dos primeiros esboços e do ‘produto’ (modelo); Produto – validação e avaliação do modelo. Considerações e recomendações acerca da educação sugerem maneiras de utilizar o aprender com modelagem como alternativa pedagógica para qualquer ano de escolarização e disciplina.
Estimating the disequilibrium in denudation rates due to divide migration at the scale of river basins
Authors: Sassolas-Serrayet Timothée , Cattin Rodolphe , Ferry Matthieu , Godard Vincent , Simoes Martine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Basin-averaged denudation rates may locally exhibit a wide dispersion, even in areas where the topographic steady state is supposedly achieved regionally. This dispersion is often attributed to the accuracy of the data or to some degree of natural variability of local erosion rates which can be related to stochastic processes such as landsliding. Another physical explanation of this dispersion is local and transient disequilibrium between tectonic forcing and erosion at the scale of catchments. Recent studies have shown that basin divide migration can potentially induce such perturbations, and they propose metrics to assess divide mobility based on cross-divide contrasts in headwater topographic features. Here, we use a set of landscape evolution models assuming spatially uniform uplift, rock strength and rainfall to assess the effect of divide mobility on basin-wide denudation rates. We propose using basin-averaged aggressivity metrics based on cross-divide contrasts (1) in channel χ, an integral function of position in the channel network; (2) in channel local gradient; and (3) in channel height, measured at a reference drainage area. From our simulations, we show that the metric based on differences in χ is the most reliable to diagnose local disequilibrium. The other metrics are more suitable for relatively active tectonic regions such as mountain belts, where contrasts in local gradient and elevation are more important. We find that the ratio of basin denudation associated with drainage migration to uplift can reach a factor of 2, regardless of the imposed uplift rate, erodibility, diffusivity coefficient or critical hillslope gradient. A comparison with field observations in the Great Smoky Mountains (southern Appalachians, USA) underlines the difficulty of using the metric based on χ, which depends on the – poorly constrained – elevation of the outlet of the investigated catchment. Regardless of the considered metrics, we show that observed dispersion is controlled by catchment size: a smaller basin may be more sensitive to divide migration and hence to disequilibrium. Our results thus highlight the relevance of divide stability analysis from digital elevation models as a fundamental preliminary step for basin-wide denudation rate studies based on cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations.
Combined effects of body mass index and unhealthy behaviors on disability in older Japanese adults: the Okayama study
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Yamakawa Michiyo , Sasai Megumi , Tsuda Toshihide , Doi Hiroyuki , Hamada Jun 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is a significant predictor of functional disability in older adults. However, when evaluated, the association between BMI and incident functional disability, considering behaviors only as covariates or not, may not be appropriate. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effects of BMI and unhealthy behaviors on the risk of incident functional disability.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study that took place in Okayama City, Japan. Data on BMI and unhealthy behaviors were obtained using the health check-up questionnaire. The certification of Long-Term Care Insurance was used to measure functional disability. Cox proportional hazard models were used; adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for incidence of functional disability across categories of BMI and number of unhealthy behaviors.ResultsThe relationship between BMI and incident functional disability was U-shaped (HR = 1.18, 95% CI [1.11–1.25], among the underweight range; and 1.26 [1.19–1.34] among the obesity range), and its risk was significantly higher within the normal-to-overweight range of BMI values with co-occurring unhealthy behaviors (with normal weight range and one, 1.17 [1.01–1.21]; two, 1.29 [1.18–1.41]; and three or four unhealthy behaviors 1.38 [1.24–1.54]; as well as among overweight range and one, 1.16 [1.05–1.27]; two, 1.26 [1.15–1.38]; and three or four unhealthy behaviors, 1.47 [1.31–1.64]). In each BMI category, the risk of incident functional disability increased with increasing number of unhealthy behaviors (p< 0.05 for linear tread), with the highest risk (1.87 [1.58–2.20]) occurring in combination with at least three unhealthy behaviors with BMI ≥ 27.5, for both sexes (2.20 [1.64–2.92] in men and 1.66 [1.35–2.04] in women).ConclusionIt is necessary to consider the combined effects of BMI and behaviors on incident functional disability. Furthermore, interventions targeting multiple behaviors should be considered as such interventions may offer greater benefits than simple interventions.