bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic matter and sediment properties determine in-lake variability of sediment CO2 and CH4 production and emissions of a small and shallow lake
Authors: Praetzel Leandra Stephanie Emilia , Plenter Nora , Schilling Sabrina , Schmiedeskamp Marcel , Broll Gabriele , Knorr Klaus-Holger 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Inland waters, particularly small and shallow lakes, are significant sources
of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to the atmosphere.
However, the spatial in-lake heterogeneity of CO2 and CH4
production processes and their drivers in the sediment remain poorly
studied. We measured potential CO2 and CH4 production in slurry
incubations from 12 sites within the small and shallow crater lake Windsborn
in Germany, as well as fluxes at the water–atmosphere interface of intact
sediment core incubations from four sites. Production rates were highly
variable and ranged from 7.2 to 38.5 µmol CO2 gC−1 d−1 and from 5.4 to 33.5 µmol CH4 gC−1 d−1. Fluxes ranged
from 4.5 to 26.9 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and from 0 to 9.8 mmol
CH4 m−2 d−1. Both CO2 and CH4 production rates and
the CH4 fluxes exhibited a significant and negative correlation (p<0.05, ρ<−0.6) with a prevalence of recalcitrant
organic matter (OM) compounds in the sediment as identified by
Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. The carbon / nitrogen ratio
exhibited a significant negative correlation (p<0.01, ρ=-0.88)
with CH4 fluxes but not with production rates or CO2 fluxes.
The availability of inorganic (nitrate, sulfate, ferric iron) and organic (humic
acids) electron acceptors failed to explain differences in CH4
production rates, assuming a competitive suppression, but observed
non-methanogenic CO2 production could be explained up to 91 % by
prevalent electron acceptors. We did not find clear relationships between OM
quality, the thermodynamics of methanogenic pathways (acetoclastic vs.
hydrogenotrophic) and electron-accepting capacity of the OM. Differences in
CH4 fluxes were interestingly to a large part explained by grain size
distribution (p<0.05, ρ=±0.65). Surprisingly though,
sediment gas storage, potential production rates and water–atmosphere fluxes
were decoupled from each other and did not show any correlations. Our
results show that within a small lake, sediment CO2 and CH4
production shows significant spatial variability which is mainly driven by
spatial differences in the degradability of the sediment OM. We highlight
that studies on production rates and sediment quality need to be interpreted
with care, though, in terms of deducing emission rates and patterns as
approaches based on production rates only neglect physical sediment
properties and production and oxidation processes in the water column as
major controls on actual emissions.
Reseña: López Fdz. Cao, M.(ed.) (2019). Arte, memoria y trauma: Aletheia, dar forma al dolor. Volumen I: Sobre procesos, arte y memoria
Authors: Martín Garrido Sofía 
Published: October 2020

Reseña del libro deLópez Fdz. Cao, M.(ed.) (2019). Arte, memoria y trauma: Aletheia, dar forma al dolor. Volumen I: Sobre procesos, arte y memoria.
La estructura comienza con una introducción en la que se hace alusión a la pertinencia del texto con respecto al tema del que se ocupa y sigue con un pequeño comentario sobre cada uno de los capítulos que conforman esta obra, cuya coordinación corre a cargo de Marián López Fdz. Cao.
Introducción. Territorio Mediación: un escenario para remover intenciones en la formación de profesorado.
Authors: García Cano Marta , Cebrián Ana 
Published: October 2020

Podríamos hablar de la mediación como un escenario para remover intenciones, así lo entendemos las autoras de este monográfico. Pero, como disciplina, la mediación, en el contexto arte y museos (centros de arte, salas…), es el espacio que se destina a la interrelación entre, obra, sala, público y educadoras, con el fin de fomentar el acceso a la cultura y la comprensión de las muestras, las actividades asociadas a ella que habitualmente se inscriben en un programa educativo donde, solo en ocasiones, lleva a cabo una labor real que suponga transitar el camino para conocer al otro, de lo otro, y llegar a un entendimiento.
Ese proceso, es inevitablemente un generador de conflicto, en la medida que todo aquello que nos es desconocido o extraño genera, cuanto menos, incertidumbre. Su fin se sustenta, no sólo en el acceso al arte, debe implicar también, que la institución arte, entienda a aquellos a quienes pretende dirigirse. Un ejercicio de comprensión mutua que asume diferentes formatos, dependiendo de donde se produzca la mediación y del lugar o personas de donde parten las iniciativas, pero, que, en cualquier caso, trata de dar sentido pedagógico a toda una serie de acontecimientos que nos atañen.
$n$-absorbing and strongly $n$-absorbing second submodules
Authors: Ansari-Toroghy Habibollah , Farshadifar Faranak , ‎Maleki-Roudposhti Sepideh 
Published: October 2020

‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce the concepts of $n$-absorbing and strongly $n$-absorbing second submodules as a dual notion of $n$-absorbing submodules of modules over a commutative ring and obtain some related results‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎we investigate some results concerning strongly 2-absorbing second submodules‎.
Weighted Opial inequalities
Authors: Koliha J. J. , Pecaric J. 
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a class of very general weighted Opial type inequalities. The notivation comes from the monograph of Agarwal and Pang (Opial Inequalities with Applications in Differential and Difference Equations, Kluwer Acad., Dordrecht 1995) and the work of Anastassiou and Pecaric (J. Math. Anal. Appl. 239 (1999), 402-418). Assuming only a very general inequality, we extend the latter paper in several directions. A new result generalizing the original Opial's inequality is obtained, and applications to fractional derivatives are given.
Specialized Training for Nursing in the Surgical Area, a Question of Quality
Authors: Desamparados Bernat Adell María , Sánchez Galán María , Folch Ayora Ana , Salas Molina Pablo , Joaquín Collado Boira Eladio 
Published: October 2020

This is an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study that looks into nursing competencies within the surgical area and analyzes the influence of the variables age, years worked and employment relationship on the dependent variable nursing competencies. The Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised (PPCS-R) questionnaire was applied to nurses in the surgical area of the General University Hospital of Castellón. The variables were processed using ANOVA tests and Pearson’s correlations. A sample of 50 female nurses with a mean age of 41 ± 7.931 years was evaluated. Age and number of years worked were positively related to 11 items of the questionnaire. Regarding the employment relationship, significant differences were found, with the “permanent” employment relationship obtaining the highest mean score [1.040 (p = .018)]. Education and clinical experience were found to contribute to the development of practice. Patient safety was an essential aspect in managing the associated risk in the operating room (OR).
A strikingly coloured new giant millipede from Vietnam has copycat in Borneo (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Harpagophoridae)
Authors: Pimvichai Piyatida , Akkari Nesrine , Semenyuk Irina , Constant Jerôme , Enghoff Henrik 
Published: October 2020

A new giant species of the subfamily Rhynchoproctinae with strikingly bi-coloured, red-yellow legs contrasting with a black body is described: Alienostreptus bicoloripes sp. nov. from Vietnam. The new species is assigned to the genus Alienostreptus Pimvichai, Enghoff & Panha, 2010 hitherto comprising one species, A. alienus (Attems, 1936), and differing from other rhynchoproctine genera by having the femoral spine duplicated. Species of this genus share three synapomorphic characters of the subfamily, viz (1) anterior coxal fold forms deep concavity in posterior view, (2) posterior coxal fold very low, and (3) posterior coxal fold with mesal flap. A superficially very similar colourful species from Borneo, also with bi-coloured legs but clearly not belonging to Alienostreptus due to the position of ventral soft pads on male legs, is documented based on photographs.
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril 
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m. Indhold: Bette Thomas udnævnt til ny kulturchef ved Det Kongelige Bibliotek; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet; Kierkegaard-udstilling hos Google Cultural Institute; Netarkivet åbnes for centraladministrationens dokumenter; Netarkivet & Eurovision Song Contest; Udstillinger; Pressefoto 2014; 101 danske digtere; Formanden for Europa-Parlamentet, Martin Schulz, mødte de studerende; liT.house; Iran & Danmark 80 år; “Kendiskulturen” – stjernestund med lektor Klaus Kjøller; Foredragsrække Danmark-Norge; Seminarer; International Forfatterscene; DiamantEnsembletsJubilæumssæson; Erhvervelser;
Tysk skønlitteratur i Danmark
Authors: Holm Louise 
Published: October 2020

Udsnit af en udviklingshistorie fra 1980’erne til i dag
Med afsæt i især forlaget Gyldendals katalog af tyske udgivelser, giver artiklen et forsøg på et indblik i den tyske litteraturs plads i den danske offentlighed i den sidste generations tid.
Three Faces of Restitution
Authors: STOCKMEYER NORMAN OTTO 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
During the first half of the 20th century, three mainstays of the required first-year law school curriculum were Contracts, Torts, and Restitution. Today Restitution has disappeared as a separate course and is offered, if at all, only as part of an optional Remedies course. This disappearance is particularly ironic to Michiganders, as two leading mid-20th-century Restitution scholars were from our state.
The purpose of this article is to re-introduce Restitution by illustrating three of its principal advantages: as an alternative to Tort remedies, as an alternative to Contract remedies, and as a remedy in cases where neither body of law provides relief. It has been said, “The lawyer who doesn't know remedies is like a physician without a cure.” To provide complete relief, lawyers need to know the benefits of Restitution. Welcome to a look into three faces of Restitution.
Mercury Stories
Authors: Selin Henrik , Selin Noelle E. 
Published: October 2020

An interdisciplinary analysis of human interactions with mercury through history that sheds light on efforts to promote and achieve sustainability.
In Mercury Stories, Henrik Selin and Noelle Eckley Selin examine sustainability through analyzing human interactions with mercury over thousands of years. They explore how people have made beneficial use of this volatile element, how they have been harmed by its toxic properties, and how they have tried to protect themselves and the environment from its damaging effects. Taking a systems approach, they develop and apply an analytical framework that can inform other efforts to evaluate and promote sustainability.
After introducing the framework, which uses the lens of a human-technical environmental system and a matrix-based approach to analyze mercury use and exposure, the authors examine five topical mercury systems that each illustrate important issues in mercury science and governance: global cycling of mercury through the atmosphere, land, oceans, and societies; mercury's dangers to human health, including from occupational, medical, and dietary exposure; mercury emissions to the atmosphere from industrial sources; mercury in commercial products and production processes; and mercury use in artisanal and small-scale gold mining. Finally, looking across the five mercury systems, they distill insights for sustainability analysis more broadly, and draw lessons for researchers, decision-makers, and concerned citizens.
Salt Wars
Authors: Jacobson Michael F. 
Published: October 2020

How food industry lobbyists and a small group of scientists have successfully fought government efforts to reduce dangerous levels of sodium in our food.
A high-sodium diet is deadly; studies have linked it to high blood pressure, strokes, and heart attacks. It's been estimated that excess sodium in the American diet causes as many as 100,000 deaths and many billions of dollars in avoidable health-care costs each year. And yet salt is everywhere in our diets—in packaged foods, fast foods, and especially meals at table-service restaurants. Why hasn't salt received the sort of public attention and regulatory action that sugar and fat have? In Salt Wars, Michael Jacobson explains how the American food industry and a small group of scientists have successfully fought government efforts to reduce dangerous levels of sodium in our food.
Despite an abundance of research going back more than half a century showing that high-sodium diets lead to hypertension and other ills, a few scientists argue the opposite—that Americans consume a healthy amount of salt and that eating less would increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This “man bites dog” take on sodium confused consumers and was enthusiastically taken up by food industry lobbyists. Jacobson, a salt wars combatant for more than forty years, explains what science actually says about salt intake and rebuts “sodium skeptics.” He discusses what other countries are doing to cut dietary salt, and describes some recent victories in the United States. He advises readers how to reduce salt—warning them against “salt bombs” (Campbell's Chicken Noodle Soup, for example, packs an entire day's worth of sodium in one can)—and calls on them to suit up for the next battle in the salt wars.
Effect of Tiger Nut Meal on PSA, Relative Organ Weight Sperm Cell and Histological Changes in Androgen-induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Izunwanne D. I. , Egwurugwu J. N. , Emegano C. L. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: It is generally believed that Cyperus esculentus (tiger nut) has some fertility boosting effects. However, scientific validation of some the fertility boosting belief concerning tiger nut is lacking.
Objective: The aim of this project was to study the effects of tiger nuts on PSA, Sperm midpiece, relative organ weight and histological changes in BPH induced rats.
Method: A total of sixty (60) male rats weighing between 160 – 200 g were used in this study. They were divided into six groups of ten rats per group. Benign prostate hyperplasia was induced in three groups of the rats (as stated in methodology) with 30 mg/kg sub-cutaneous injections of hormones containing dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol valerate dissolved in olive oil in the ratio of 10:1 (three times in a week, one day interval). Administration of tiger nut meal commenced immediately and lasted for two months. At the end of administration, blood sample was collected from the rat via cardiac puncture for the determination of PSA. Semen sample was also collected for semen morphological studies. Internal organs notably, the prostate and the testes of the rats were also removed for histological examination.
Results: The study showed that the induction of BPH brought about some adverse effects. On PSA, the administration of the tiger nut meal ameliorated the BPH by significantly reducing the increased level of the PSA which is a biomarker for prostate hyperplasia (P<0.05). The effect of the tiger nut on sperm morphological toxicities were also examined. Sperm abnormalities like those with bent midpiece was examined. The result showed that the administration of tiger nut meal significantly ameliorated the abnormality and thus, restored the morphology of the sperm cells such that it can enhance fertility. A significant difference was also seen in the relative weight of the prostate. The enlarged prostate in the induced + treated group was later observed through histological studies to have reduced significantly following the administration of the tiger nut.
Conclusion: Tiger nut meal ameliorates BPH by reducing the PSA and enlarged prostate. It also ameliorates semen toxicities in the BPH induced + treated rats.
Optic, trigeminal, and facial neuropathy related to anti‐neurofascin 155 antibody
Authors: Ogata Hidenori , Zhang Xu , Inamizu Saeko , Yamashita Ken‐ichiro , Yamasaki Ryo , Matsushita Takuya , Isobe Noriko , Hiwatashi Akio , Tobimatsu Shozo , Kira Jun‐ichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the frequency and patterns of optic, trigeminal, and facial nerve involvement by neuroimaging and electrophysiology in IgG4 anti‐neurofascin 155 antibody‐positive (NF155+) chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsThirteen IgG4 NF155+ CIDP patients with mean onset age of 34 years (11 men) were subjected to neurological examination, blink reflex, and visual‐evoked potential (VEP) testing, and axial and/or coronal T2‐weighted head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsAmong 13 patients, facial sensory impairment, facial weakness, and apparent visual impairment were observed in three (23.1%), two (15.4%), and two (15.4%) patients, respectively. All 12 patients tested had blink reflex abnormalities: absent and/or delayed R1 in 11 (91.7%), and absent and/or delayed R2 in 10 (83.3%). R1 latencies had strong positive correlations with serum anti‐NF155 antibody levels (r = 0.9, P ≤ 0.0001 on both sides) and distal and F wave latencies of the median and ulnar nerves. Absent and/or prolonged VEPs were observed in 10/13 (76.9%) patients and 17/26 (65.4%) eyes. On MRI, hypertrophy, and high signal intensity of trigeminal nerves were detected in 9/13 (69.2%) and 10/13 (76.9%) patients, respectively, whereas optic nerves were normal in all patients. The intra‐orbital trigeminal nerve width on coronal sections showed a significant positive correlation with disease duration.InterpretationSubclinical demyelination frequently occurs in the optic, trigeminal, and facial nerves in IgG4 NF155+ CIDP, suggesting that both central and peripheral myelin structures of the cranial nerves are involved in this condition, whereas nerve hypertrophy only develops in myelinated peripheral nerve fibers.
Euryhaline Hydrogel with Constant Swelling and Salinity‐Enhanced Mechanical Strength in a Wide Salinity Range
Authors: Gao Hainan , Mao Jiale , Cai Yudong , Li Shuhong , Fu Ye , Liu Xiaolan , Liang Haiyan , Zhao Tianyi , Liu Mingjie , Jiang Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn nature, many biological organisms possess a unique osmoregulation feature that enables them to survive in environments of different salinity, which is called euryhaline characteristics (e.g., salmon that can survive in freshwater and seawater). Drawing inspiration from these salinity‐tolerant organisms, here a strategy that integrates two polymer chain segments with different salinity tolerances is reported to produce a euryhaline hydrogel with stable water retention, constant swelling properties, superoleophobicity, and low‐adhesion to oil in aqueous environments over a wide range of salinity. The formation of internal dynamic complementary crosslinks is a key structural factor of the euryhaline attributes. The euryhaline hydrogel‐coated meshes can be successfully utilized in various oil/aqueous phase separation in a wide range of salinity. Furthermore, by creating a double network with dynamic bonds, superior euryhaline hydrogel with unique salinity‐enhanced mechanical strength can be obtained. It is anticipated that the euryhaline hydrogel will have broad application prospects in complex and variable ionic environments.
Oxide‐Based Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors for Spatiotemporal Information Processing
Authors: Li Yue , Lu Jikai , Shang Dashan , Liu Qi , Wu Shuyu , Wu Zuheng , Zhang Xumeng , Yang Jianguo , Wang Zhongrui , Lv Hangbing , Liu Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpiking neural networks (SNNs) sharing large similarity with biological nervous systems are promising to process spatiotemporal information and can provide highly time‐ and energy‐efficient computational paradigms for the Internet‐of‐Things and edge computing. Nonvolatile electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) provide prominent analog switching performance, the most critical feature of synaptic element, and have been recently demonstrated as a promising synaptic device. However, high performance, large‐scale EGT arrays, and EGT application for spatiotemporal information processing in an SNN are yet to be demonstrated. Here, an oxide‐based EGT employing amorphous Nb2O5 and LixSiO2 is introduced as the channel and electrolyte gate materials, respectively, and integrated into a 32 × 32 EGT array. The engineered EGTs show a quasi‐linear update, good endurance (106) and retention, a high switching speed of 100 ns, ultralow readout conductance (<100 nS), and ultralow areal switching energy density (20 fJ µm−2). The prominent analog switching performance is leveraged for hardware implementation of an SNN with the capability of spatiotemporal information processing, where spike sequences with different timings are able to be efficiently learned and recognized by the EGT array. Finally, this EGT‐based spatiotemporal information processing is deployed to detect moving orientation in a tactile sensing system. These results provide an insight into oxide‐based EGT devices for energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing to support edge application.
Intrinsic Detectivity Limits of Organic Near‐Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Gielen Sam , Kaiser Christina , Verstraeten Frederik , Kublitski Jonas , Benduhn Johannes , Spoltore Donato , Verstappen Pieter , Maes Wouter , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan , Vandewal Koen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs) with a performance comparable to that of conventional inorganic ones have recently been demonstrated for the visible regime. However, near‐infrared photodetection has proven to be challenging and, to date, the true potential of organic semiconductors in this spectral range (800–2500 nm) remains largely unexplored. In this work, it is shown that the main factor limiting the specific detectivity (D*) is non‐radiative recombination, which is also known to be the main contributor to open‐circuit voltage losses. The relation between open‐circuit voltage, dark current, and noise current is demonstrated using four bulk‐heterojunction devices based on narrow‐gap donor polymers. Their maximum achievable D* is calculated alongside a large set of devices to demonstrate an intrinsic upper limit of D* as a function of the optical gap. It is concluded that OPDs have the potential to be a useful technology up to 2000 nm, given that high external quantum efficiencies can be maintained at these low photon energies.