bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Magnetic Fabric of Gouge Mimics the Coseismic Focal Mechanism of the Chi‐Chi Earthquake (1999, Mw 7.6)
Authors: Chou Yu‐Min , Aubourg Charles , Yeh En‐Chao , Song Sheng‐Rong , Lin Yi‐Kai , Humbert Fabien , Jiang Xiaodong , Lee Teh‐Quei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a magnetic fabric investigation of small oriented rock fragments from gouges and wall rocks from the Chelungpu fault (Taiwan), where the Chi‐Chi earthquake occurred (Mw 7.6, 1999). Samples are obtained from surface outcrops and at a depth of ~1 km, including the 3‐mm‐thick Chi‐Chi principal slip zone. Wall rocks at depth show magnetic foliation roughly parallel to bedding, whereas they are oblique at the surface. Within the gouges, the mean shape of magnetic ellipsoid is oblate, and the degree of anisotropy is up to 12%. The magnetic foliation diverges of ~40° from the fault plane, compatible with a simple shear westward. The magnetic lineation is oblique, resulting probably from coseismic and interseismic records. The reconstructed focal mechanism from the magnetic fabric closely matches the focal mechanism solutions for the Chi‐Chi earthquake. Our work demonstrates that magnetic fabric of gouge fragments can bring valuable kinematic information on modern earthquakes.
Drivers of Biogeochemical Variability in a Central California Kelp Forest: Implications for Local Amelioration of Ocean Acidification
Authors: Hirsh Heidi K. , Nickols Kerry J. , Takeshita Yuichiro , Traiger Sarah B. , Mucciarone David A. , Monismith Stephen , Dunbar Robert B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKelp forests are among the world's most productive marine ecosystems, and they have the potential to locally ameliorate ocean acidification (OA). In order to understand the contribution of kelp metabolism to local biogeochemistry, we must first quantify the natural variability and the relative contributions of physical and biological drivers to biogeochemical changes in space and time. We deployed an extensive instrument array in Monterey Bay, CA, inside and outside of a kelp forest to assess the degree to which giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) locally ameliorates present‐day acidic conditions which we expect to be exacerbated by OA. Temperature, pH, and O2 variability occurred at semidiurnal, diurnal (tidal and diel), and longer upwelling event periods. Mean conditions were driven by offshore wind forcing and the delivery of upwelled water via nearshore internal bores. While near‐surface pH and O2 were similar inside and outside the kelp forest, surface pH was elevated inside the kelp compared to outside, suggesting that the kelp canopy locally increased surface pH. We observed the greatest acidification stress deeper in the water column where pCO2 reached levels as high as 1,300 μatm and aragonite undersaturation (ΩAr < 1) occurred on several occasions. At this site, kelp canopy modification of seawater properties, and thus any ameliorating effect against acidification, is greatest in a narrow band of surface water. The spatial disconnect between stress exposure at depth and reduction of acidification stress at the surface warrants further assessment of utilizing kelp forests as provisioners of local OA mitigation.
Ionospheric Vertical Correlation Distances: Estimation From ISR Data, Analysis, and Implications For Ionospheric Data Assimilation
Authors: Forsythe Victoriya V. , Azeem Irfan , Crowley Geoff , Themens David R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe construction of the background covariance matrix is an important component of ionospheric data assimilation algorithms, such as Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four‐Dimensional (IDA4D). It is a matrix that describes the correlations between all the grid points in the model domain and determines the transition from the data‐driven to model‐driven regions. The vertical component of this matrix also controls the shape of the assimilated electron density profile. To construct the background covariance matrix, the information about the spatial ionospheric correlations is required. This paper focuses on the vertical component of the model covariance matrix. Data from five different incoherent scatter radars (ISR) are analyzed to derive the vertical correlation lengths for the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2016 model errors, because it is the background model for IDA4D. The vertical distribution of the correlations is found to be asymmetric about the reference altitude around which the correlations are calculated, with significant differences between the correlation lengths above and below the reference altitude. It is found that the correlation distances not only increase exponentially with height but also have an additional bump‐on‐tail feature. The location and the magnitude of this bump are different for different radars. Solar flux binning introduces more pronounced changes in the correlation distances in comparison to magnetic local time (MLT) and seasonal binning of the data. The latitudinal distribution of vertical correlation lengths is presented and can be applied to the construction of the vertical component of the background model covariance matrix in data assimilation models that use IRI or similar empirical models as the background.
FGFR3△7–9 promotes tumor progression via the phosphorylation and destabilization of ten-eleven translocation-2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jin Zhijian , Feng Haoran , Liang Juyong , Jing Xiaoqian , Zhao Qiwu , Zhan Ling , Shen Baiyong , Cheng Xi , Su Liping , Qiu Weihua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOverexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) correlates with more severe clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous study has shown that FGFR3∆7–9, a novel splicing mutation of FGFR3, contributes significantly to HCC malignant character, but the epigenetic mechanism is still elusive. In this study, through mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation studies, we discover a close association between FGFR3∆7–9 and the DNA demethylase Ten-Eleven Translocation-2 (TET2). Unlike other certain types of cancer, mutation of TET2 is rare in HCC. However, activation of FGFR3∆7–9 by FGF1 dramatically shortens TET2 half-life. FGFR3∆7–9, but not wild-type FGFR3, directly interacts with TET2 and phosphorylates TET2 at Y1902 site, leading to the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of TET2. Overexpression of a phospho-deficient mutant TET2 (Y1902F) significantly reduces the oncogenic potential of FGFR3∆7–9 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, FGFR3∆7–9 significantly enhances HCC cell proliferation through the TET2-PTEN-AKT pathway. Specifically, TET2 offsets the elevation of p-AKT level induced by FGFR3∆7–9 through directly binding to PTEN promoter and increasing 5-hmC. Therefore, through phosphorylation and inhibition of TET2, FGFR3∆7–9 reduces PTEN expression and substantiates AKT activation to stimulate HCC proliferation. Together, this study identifies TET2 as a key regulator of the oncogenic role of FGFR3∆7–9 in HCC carcinogenesis and sheds light on new therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
The miR-30a-5p/CLCF1 axis regulates sorafenib resistance and aerobic glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiang , Tan Xiao , Luo Jing , Yao Hongliang , Si Zhongzhou , Tong Jing-Shan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is a major health threat for the Chinese population and has poor prognosis because of strong resistance to chemotherapy in patients. For instance, a considerable challenge for the treatment of HCC is sorafenib resistance. The aberrant glucose metabolism in cancer cells aerobic glycolysis is associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Drug-resistance cells and tumors were exposed to sorafenib to establish sorafenib-resistance cell lines and tumors. Western blotting and real-time PCR or IHC staining were used to analyze the level of CLCF1 in the sorafenib resistance cell lines or tumors. The aerobic glycolysis was analyzed by ECAR assay. The mechanism mediating the high expression of CLCF1 in sorafenib-resistant cells and its relationships with miR-130-5p was determined by bioinformatic analysis, dual luciferase reporter assays, real-time PCR, and western blotting. The in vivo effect was evaluated by xenografted with nude mice. The relation of CLCF1 and miR-30a-5p was determined in patients’ samples. In this study, we report the relationship between sorafenib resistance and increased glycolysis in HCC cells. We also show the vital role of CLCF1 in promoting glycolysis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream genes, thus participating in glycolysis in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Furthermore, we also show that miR-30a-5p directly targets CLCF1 and that sorafenib-mediated suppression of miR-30a-5p results in the upregulation of CLCF1 in HCC cells resistant to sorafenib. We also found that when a cholesterol modified agomiR-30a-5p was delivered systemically to mice harboring sorafenib-resistant HCC tumors, tumor growth decreased significantly. There is an uncharacterized mechanism of biochemical resistance to hormone therapies orchestrated by the miR-30a-5p/CLCF1 axis to mediate sorafenib resistance and aerobic glycolysis in HCC. Therefore, this study indicates that targeting the miR-30a-5p/CLCF1 axis may hold promise for therapeutic intervention in HCC sorafenib resistance patients.
Expanding the genetic spectrum of choroideremia in an Australian cohort: report of five novel CHM variants
Authors: McLaren Terri L. , De Roach John N. , Thompson Jennifer A. , Chen Fred K. , Mackey David A. , Hoffmann Ling , Urwin Isabella R. , Lamey Tina M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChoroideremia is an X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutations in the CHM gene. Several CHM gene replacement clinical trials are in advanced stages. In this study, we report the molecular confirmation of choroideremia in 14 Australian families sourced from the Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank. Sixteen males (14 symptomatic) and 18 females (4 symptomatic; 14 obligate carriers) were identified for analysis. Participants’ DNA was analyzed for disease-causing CHM variants by Sanger sequencing, TaqMan qPCR and targeted NGS. We report phenotypic and genotypic data for the 14 symptomatic males and four females manifesting disease symptoms. A pathogenic or likely pathogenic CHM variant was detected in all families. Eight variants were previously reported, and five were novel. Two de novo variants were identified. We previously reported the molecular confirmation of choroideremia in 11 Australian families. This study expands the CHM genetically confirmed Australian cohort to 32 males and four affected carrier females.
A particle-field approach bridges phase separation and collective motion in active matter
Authors: Großmann Robert , Aranson Igor S. , Peruani Fernando 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhereas self-propelled hard discs undergo motility-induced phase separation, self-propelled rods exhibit a variety of nonequilibrium phenomena, including clustering, collective motion, and spatio-temporal chaos. In this work, we present a theoretical framework representing active particles by continuum fields. This concept combines the simplicity of alignment-based models, enabling analytical studies, and realistic models that incorporate the shape of self-propelled objects explicitly. By varying particle shape from circular to ellipsoidal, we show how nonequilibrium stresses acting among self-propelled rods destabilize motility-induced phase separation and facilitate orientational ordering, thereby connecting the realms of scalar and vectorial active matter. Though the interaction potential is strictly apolar, both, polar and nematic order may emerge and even coexist. Accordingly, the symmetry of ordered states is a dynamical property in active matter. The presented framework may represent various systems including bacterial colonies, cytoskeletal extracts, or shaken granular media.
The role of allyl ammonium salts in palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions towards the synthesis of spiro-fused heterocycles
Authors: Ye Fei , Ge Yao , Spannenberg Anke , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a continuous need for designing new and improved synthetic methods aiming at minimizing reaction steps while increasing molecular complexity. In this respect, catalytic, one-pot cascade methodologies constitute an ideal tool for the construction of complex molecules with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Herein, we describe two general and efficient cascade procedures for the synthesis of spiro-fused heterocylces. This transformation combines selective nucleophilic substitution (SN2′), palladium-catalyzed Heck and C–H activation reactions in a cascade manner. The use of allylic ammonium salts and specific Pd catalysts are key to the success of the transformations. The synthetic utility of these methodologies is showcased by the preparation of 48 spiro-fused dihydrobenzofuranes and indolines including a variety of fluorinated derivatives.
General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Hautier Yann , Zhang Pengfei , Loreau Michel , Wilcox Kevin R. , Seabloom Eric W. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Byrnes Jarrett E. K. , Koerner Sally E. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Hector Andy , Adler Peter B. , Alberti Juan , Arnillas Carlos A. , Bakker Jonathan D. , Brudvig Lars A. , Bugalho Miguel N. , Cadotte Marc , Caldeira Maria C. , Carroll Oliver , Crawley Mick , Collins Scott L. , Daleo Pedro , Dee Laura E. , Eisenhauer Nico , Eskelinen Anu , Fay Philip A. , Gilbert Benjamin , Hansar Amandine , Isbell Forest , Knops Johannes M. H. , MacDougall Andrew S. , McCulley Rebecca L. , Moore Joslin L. , Morgan John W. , Mori Akira S. , Peri Pablo L. , Pos Edwin T. , Power Sally A. , Price Jodi N. , Reich Peter B. , Risch Anita C. , Roscher Christiane , Sankaran Mahesh , Schütz Martin , Smith Melinda , Stevens Carly , Tognetti Pedro M. , Virtanen Risto , Wardle Glenda M. , Wilfahrt Peter A. , Wang Shaopeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEutrophication is a widespread environmental change that usually reduces the stabilizing effect of plant diversity on productivity in local communities. Whether this effect is scale dependent remains to be elucidated. Here, we determine the relationship between plant diversity and temporal stability of productivity for 243 plant communities from 42 grasslands across the globe and quantify the effect of chronic fertilization on these relationships. Unfertilized local communities with more plant species exhibit greater asynchronous dynamics among species in response to natural environmental fluctuations, resulting in greater local stability (alpha stability). Moreover, neighborhood communities that have greater spatial variation in plant species composition within sites (higher beta diversity) have greater spatial asynchrony of productivity among communities, resulting in greater stability at the larger scale (gamma stability). Importantly, fertilization consistently weakens the contribution of plant diversity to both of these stabilizing mechanisms, thus diminishing the positive effect of biodiversity on stability at differing spatial scales. Our findings suggest that preserving grassland functional stability requires conservation of plant diversity within and among ecological communities.
Influence of phosphate dosing on biofilms development on lead in chlorinated drinking water bioreactors
Authors: Del Olmo Gonzalo , Ahmad Arslan , Jensen Henriette , Karunakaran Esther , Rosales Esther , Calero Preciado Carolina , Gaskin Paul , Douterelo Isabel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhosphate dosing is used by water utilities to prevent plumbosolvency in water supply networks. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding biofilm formation on lead and plastic materials when phosphate concentrations are modified in drinking water systems. In this study, biofilms were grown over lead coupons and PVC tubes in bioreactors supplied with local drinking water treated to provide different phosphate doses (below 1, 1 and 2 mg/L) over a period of 28 days. A range of commercial iron pellets (GEH104 and WARP) were tested aiming to maintain phosphate levels below the average 1 mg/L found in drinking water. Changes in biofilm community structure in response to three different phosphate treatments were characterised by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the ITS2 gene for fungi. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualise physical differences in biofilm development in two types of materials, lead and PVC. The experimental results from the kinetics of phosphate absorption showed that the GEH104 pellets were the best option to, in the long term, reduce phosphate levels while preventing undesirable turbidity increases in drinking water. Phosphate-enrichment promoted a reduction of bacterial diversity but increased that of fungi in biofilms. Overall, higher phosphate levels selected for microorganisms with enhanced capabilities related to phosphorus metabolism and heavy metal resistance. This research brings new insights regarding the influence of different phosphate concentrations on mixed-species biofilms formation and drinking water quality, which are relevant to inform best management practices in drinking water treatment.
Quantum-enhanced interferometry with large heralded photon-number states
Authors: Thekkadath G. S. , Mycroft M. E. , Bell B. A. , Wade C. G. , Eckstein A. , Phillips D. S. , Patel R. B. , Buraczewski A. , Lita A. E. , Gerrits T. , Nam S. W. , Stobińska M. , Lvovsky A. I. , Walmsley I. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuantum phenomena such as entanglement can improve fundamental limits on the sensitivity of a measurement probe. In optical interferometry, a probe consisting of N entangled photons provides up to a $$\sqrt{N}$$

N

enhancement in phase sensitivity compared to a classical probe of the same energy. Here, we employ high-gain parametric down-conversion sources and photon-number-resolving detectors to perform interferometry with heralded quantum probes of sizes up to N = 8 (i.e. measuring up to 16-photon coincidences). Our probes are created by injecting heralded photon-number states into an interferometer, and in principle provide quantum-enhanced phase sensitivity even in the presence of significant optical loss. Our work paves the way toward quantum-enhanced interferometry using large entangled photonic states.
From magnetic order to quantum disorder in the Zn-barlowite series of S = 1/2 kagomé antiferromagnets
Authors: Tustain Katherine , Ward-O’Brien Brendan , Bert Fabrice , Han Tianheng , Luetkens Hubertus , Lancaster Tom , Huddart Benjamin M. , Baker Peter J. , Clark Lucy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a comprehensive muon spectroscopy study of the Zn-barlowite series of $$S=\frac{1}{2}$$

S
=

1

2

kagomé antiferromagnets, ZnxCu4−x(OH)6FBr, for x = 0.00 to 0.99(1). By combining muon spin relaxation and rotation measurements with state-of-the-art density-functional theory muon-site calculations, we observe the formation of both μ–F and μ–OH complexes in Zn-barlowite. From these stopping sites, implanted muon spins reveal the suppression of long-range magnetic order into a possible quantum spin liquid state upon the increasing concentration of Zn-substitution. In the parent compound (x = 0), static long-range magnetic order below TN = 15 K manifests itself in the form of spontaneous oscillations in the time-dependent muon asymmetry signal consistent with the dipolar fields expected from the calculated muon stopping sites and the previously determined magnetic structure of barlowite. Meanwhile, in the x = 1.0 end-member of the series—in which antiferromagnetic kagomé layers of Cu2+$$S=\frac{1}{2}$$

S
=

1

2

moments are decoupled by diamagnetic Zn2+ ions—we observe that dynamic magnetic moment fluctuations persist down to at least 50 mK, indicative of a quantum disordered ground state. We demonstrate that this crossover from a static to dynamic magnetic ground state occurs for compositions of Zn-barlowite with x > 0.5, which bears resemblance to the dynamical behaviour of the widely studied Zn-paratacamite series that contains the quantum spin liquid candidate herbertsmithite.
Model-driven design allows growth of Mycoplasma pneumoniae on serum-free media
Authors: Gaspari Erika , Malachowski Antoni , Garcia-Morales Luis , Burgos Raul , Serrano Luis , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P. , Suarez-Diez Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMycoplasma pneumoniaeis a slow-growing, human pathogen that causes atypical pneumonia. Because it lacks a cell wall, many antibiotics are ineffective. Due to its reduced genome and dearth of many biosynthetic pathways, this fastidious bacterium depends on rich, undefined medium for growth, which makes large-scale cultivation challenging and expensive. To understand factors limiting growth, we developed a genome-scale, constraint-based model ofM. pneumoniaecalled iEG158_mpn to describe the metabolic potential of this bacterium. We have put special emphasis on cell membrane formation to identify key lipid components to maximize bacterial growth. We have used this knowledge to predict essential components validated with in vitro serum-free media able to sustain growth. Our findings also show that glycolysis and lipid metabolism are much less efficient under hypoxia; these findings suggest that factors other than metabolism and membrane formation alone affect the growth ofM. pneumoniae. Altogether, our modelling approach allowed us to optimize medium composition, enabled growth in defined media and streamlined operational requirements, thereby providing the basis for stable, reproducible and less expensive production.
SignBase, a collection of geometric signs on mobile objects in the Paleolithic
Authors: Dutkiewicz Ewa , Russo Gabriele , Lee Saetbyul , Bentz Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the Paleolithic, geometric signs are abundant. They appear in rock art as well as on mobile objects like artworks, tools, or personal ornaments. These signs are often interpreted as a reflection of symbolic thought and associated with the origin of cognitively modern behavior.SignBaseis a project collecting the wealth of geometric signs on mobile objects in the European Upper Paleolithic, African Middle Stone Age (MSA), as well as selected sites from the Near East and South East Asia. Currently, more than 500 objects of the Aurignacian techno-complex (ca. 43,000 to 30,000 years BP) are registered in SignBase. They are linked to information about geographic and archaeological provenience, the type of object and material, size and preservation, and respective literature references. We identify around 30 different sign types found on these objects across Europe in the Aurignacian and illustrate how SignBase can be used to analyze geographical clusters. Ultimately, we aim to enable quantitative analyses of abstract graphical expression before the emergence of writing.