bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Wormlike Micelles for the Controlled Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Sharmiladevi P. , Breghatha M. , Dhanavardhini K. , Priya R. , Girigoswami K. , Girigoswami A. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
In order to improve the solubility and carrying capacity of anticancer
drugs to the targeted cells, a potential nanoformulation is needed.

Objective:
Viscoelastic wormlike micelles (WLM) have been reported in the present study.

Methods:
The elongated and flexible aggregates of amphiphiles were formed due to the selforganization
when the amphiphile concentration was fixed at its CMC and the sodium salicylate
concentration was varied for the optimization.

Results:
The stable structure, higher density, higher viscosity and potent cell killing effect at lower concentration
of the drug was observed at 480 μM concentration of sodium salicylate. The doxorubicin release
profile showed a clear sustained release after 20 h, and 82% of the drug has been released after 72 h.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the designed WLMs can be used as efficient drug delivery vehicles for the
treatment of cancer.
Photonics Crystal Fiber-based Cyanide Detection in THz Regime
Authors: Podder Etu , Hossain Mohammad B. , Rahaman Mohammad E. , Bulbul Abdullah A.-M. , Mondal Himadri S. 
Published: August 2020

Background::
Cyanide is an immensely poisonous chemical that is exceedingly noxious
to the human body.

Methods::
Considering this issue, we present a Rectangular core photonic crystal fiber (RPCF) to
detect the cyanide. Zeonex is chosen as base material and the investigation is accomplished in the
terahertz (THz) frequency region.

Results::
The RPCF model proffers high sensitivity, enlarged effective area, and insignificant confinement
loss.

Conclusion::
It is very worthy to note that the proposed model structure can be fabricated by applying
the existing fabrication techniques.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Anne Charishma Venkata Sai , S. Karthikeyan , Arun Chelliah 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome
the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification
process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate
suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector

Objective:
In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst
for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil.

Methods:
The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by
various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy
Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response
surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst
load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield.

Results:
The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol
to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass
spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of
both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters.

Conclusion:
Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste
cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and
also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.
Effects of Various Stress Conditions to Enhance Polyhydroxyalkanoates Accumulation in Wickerhamomyces anomalus VIT-NN01
Authors: Ojha Nupur , Das Nilanjana 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters produced by various microorganisms.
The major drawback of PHA, which is restricting its large-scale production in industries, is its
high cost of raw materials and lower PHA concentration.

Objective:
The present study aimed to enhance the production of PHA from Wickerhamomyces anomalus
VIT-NN01 by optimizing various nutrient and environmental stress conditions and its characterization.

Methods:
Effect of various stress conditions viz. nitrogen limitation, salinity, chemical mutagens (acridine
orange, sodium azide), and physical stresses (UV, Low Electric Current (LEC), Magnetic Field
Intensity (MFI), sound waves) were optimized to screen the best strategic growth conditions for the
maximum accumulation of PHA in W. anomalus VIT-NN01. Instrumental analysis was done to evaluate
the various changes that occurred in the treated cells and extracted PHA.

Results:
The maximum PHA content was observed on the effect of sound waves (88.74%), followed
by LEC (87.8%) and MFI (85.75%). The morphological changes in length, shape, and size of the treated
W. anomalus cells were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Smooth, porous
matrix, and pseudo spherical microstructure of the extracted PHA were observed by scanning electron
microscopy and TEM analysis. The extracted polymer was identified as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-
hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] co-polymer comprised of 51.66% 3HB and 48.33% 3HV monomer
units based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic
analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the extracted P(3HB-co-
3HV). The degradation and melting temperatures were found to be 275.9 and 113.8°C, respectively,
through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis.

Conclusion:
These results supported the potentiality of W. anomalus, which tolerated the stress conditions
and enhanced P(3HB-co-3HV) production from 60 to 88.74% and showed the novelty of present
work. This is the first report elucidating the importance of physical stress conditions viz. low electric
current, magnetic field intensity, and sound waves for the significant enhancement of PHA production
in yeast.
In Silico Investigation of Luminol, Its Analogues and Mechanism of Chemiluminescence for Blood Identification Beyond Forensics
Authors: Fatoki Toluwase H. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:This study aimed at discovering chemiluminescent analogues of luminol, predict their molecular binding to hemoglobin of bloodstains in household crime, and expound the mechanism of chemiluminescence of luminol.Materials and Methods:Similarity and clustering analyses of luminol analogues were conducted, and molecular docking was carried out using hemoglobin from Homo sapiens and four domestic organisms namely Gallus gallus, Drosophila melanogaster, Rattus norvegicus, and Canis familiaris.Results:The results showed the order of overall binding score as D. melanogaster > H. sapiens > C. familiaris > R. norvegicus > G. gallus. Seven compounds namely ZINC16958228, ZINC17023010, ZINC19915427, ZINC34928954, ZINC19915369, ZINC19915444, and ZINC82294978, were found to be consistently stable in binding with diverse hemoglobin and possibly have chemiluminescence than luminol in this in silico study. The interaction of human hemoglobin with luminol and its analogues, showed that amino acid residues His45, Lys61, Asn68, Val73, Met76, Pro77, Ala79, Ala82, Leu83, Pro95, Phe98, Lys99, Ser102, Ser133, Ala134, and Thr134, were possibly significant in the mechanism of action of presumptive test compounds. It was hypothesized that the improved mechanism of chemiluminescent for the identification of blood was based on peroxidase-like reaction, that produces nitric oxide which binds to hemoglobin (Hb) and inhibits Hb degradation without yielding fluorescent products. The compound 2,3-benzodioxine-1,4,5(6H)-trione was formed, which possibly emits light.Conclusion:This study provides novel insight on the luminol and its expanded mechanism for broader possible applications with careful development of new methodologies.
Structures and Materials of System-in-Package: A Review
Authors: Tian Wenchao , Wang Chuqiao , Zhao Zhanghan , Cui Hao 
Published: August 2020

Background:
As a new type of advanced packaging and system integration technology, System-
in-Package (SiP) can realize the miniaturization and multi-functionalization of electronic products
and is listed as an important direction of development by International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors
(ITRS).

Objective:
This paper mainly introduces and discusses recent academic research and patents on package
structure and packaging materials. Additionally, the trend of development is described.

Methods:
Firstly, we analyze and summarize the challenges and existing problems in SiP. Then the
corresponding solutions are introduced with respect to packaging structure and packaging materials.
Finally, the research status of SIP and some patents in these aspects are reviewed.

Results:
In order to increase the density of internal components, SiP products need to use a stacked
structure. The causes of different performance in SiP products are: 1) the stress concentration and bonding
quality problems caused by the chip stack structure; 2) the warpage and package thickness problems
caused by the package stack; 3) thermal conductivity of materials and thermal mismatch between materials;
and 4) dielectric properties and thermomechanical reliability of materials. The following solutions
are summarized: 1) structural optimization of chip stacking and packaging stacking; 2) application of
new packaging technology; 3) optimization of packaging materials; 4) and improvement of packaging
material processing technology.

Conclusion:
With the study of packaging structure and packaging materials, SiP can meet the requirements
of the semiconductor industry and have great future prospects.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ THINKING ABILITY IN PHYSICS USING INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA BASED PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: Manurung Sondang R , Panggabean Deo Demonta 
Published: August 2020

Interactive multimedia based learning containing problem solving may have been researched, however there are stigma that learning how to do problem solving conventionally particularly for colleague students is still favorable. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate factors affect the student learning outcomes. The independent variable is a teaching method in the form of interactive multimedia based on problem solving (IMM-PS) and the dependent variable is students' thinking ability in physics. Specifically, this study aims to analyze the problem solving abilities of students in physics education programs after they have been exposed to interactive multimedia based problem solving methods. The research type is quasi-experiment. The sample were second year physics education students who studying wave electric magnetic subjects, as many as seventy students. The test of science process skills in the form of formal descriptions as well as reasoning tests in the form of descriptions were used as instruments for this study. The results show that the problem solving ability of students who study physics using interactive multi-media based problem solving is better than students who learn through conventional methods.
A Rapid Electronic Cognitive Assessment Measure for Multiple Sclerosis: Validation of Cognitive Reaction, an Electronic Version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Authors: Middleton Rod M , Pearson Owen R , Ingram Gillian , Craig Elaine M , Rodgers William J , Downing-Wood Hannah , Hill Joseph , Tuite-Dalton Katherine , Roberts Christopher , Watson Lynne , Ford David V , Nicholas Richard ,   UK MS Register Research Group
Published: August 2020

Background
Incorporating cognitive testing into routine clinical practice is a challenge in multiple sclerosis (MS), given the wide spectrum of both cognitive and physical impairments people can have and the time that testing requires. Shortened paper and verbal assessments predominate but still are not used routinely. Computer-based tests are becoming more widespread; however, changes in how a paper test is implemented can impact what exactly is being assessed in an individual. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is one validated test that forms part of the cognitive batteries used in MS and has some computer-based versions. We developed a tablet-based SDMT variant that has the potential to be ultimately deployed to patients’ own devices.

Objective
This paper aims to develop, validate, and deploy a computer-based SDMT variant, the Cognition Reaction (CoRe) test, that can reliably replicate the characteristics of the paper-based SDMT.

Methods
We carried out analysis using Pearson and intraclass correlations, as well as a Bland-Altman comparison, to examine consistency between the SDMT and CoRe tests and for test-retest reliability. The SDMT and CoRe tests were evaluated for sensitivity to disability levels and age. A novel metric in CoRe was found: question answering velocity could be calculated. This was evaluated in relation to disability levels and age for people with MS and compared with a group of healthy control volunteers.

Results
SDMT and CoRe test scores were highly correlated and consistent with 1-month retest values. Lower scores were seen in patients with higher age and some effect was seen with increasing disability. There was no learning effect evident. Question answering velocity demonstrated a small increase in speed over the 90-second duration of the test in people with MS and healthy controls.

Conclusions
This study validates a computer-based alternative to the SDMT that can be used in clinics and beyond. It enables accurate recording of elements of cognition relevant in MS but offers additional metrics that may offer further value to clinicians and people with MS.
Impact of Remote Titration Combined With Telemonitoring on the Optimization of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Artanian Veronica , Rac Valeria E , Ross Heather J , Seto Emily 
Published: August 2020

Background
Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), optimized to maximum tolerated doses, has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Timely use and optimization of GDMT can improve HF symptoms, reduce the burden of hospitalization, and increase survival rates, whereas GDMT deferral may worsen the progression of HF, decrease survival rates, and predispose patients to poor outcomes. However, studies indicate that GDMT remains underused, with less than 25% of patients receiving target doses in clinical practice. Telemonitoring is a potential component in the management of HF that can provide reliable and real-time physiological data for clinical decision support and facilitate remote titration of medication.

Objective
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of remote titration facilitated by telemonitoring on health care outcomes, with a primary outcome measure being the proportion of patients achieving target doses. The secondary objective is to identify the barriers and facilitators that can affect the implementation and effectiveness of the intervention.

Methods
A mixed methods study of a smartphone-based telemonitoring system is being conducted at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (PMCC), University Health Network, Toronto. The study is based on an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design and incorporates process evaluations alongside the assessment of clinical outcomes. The effectiveness research component is assessed by a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) aiming to enroll 108 patients. The RCT compares a remote titration strategy that uses data from a smartphone-based telemonitoring system with a standard titration program consisting of in-office visits. The implementation research component consists of a qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of clinicians and patients.

Results
Patient recruitment began in January 2019 at PMCC, with a total of 76 participants recruited by February 24, 2020 (39 in the intervention group and 37 in the control group). The final analysis is expected to be completed by the winter of 2021.

Conclusions
This study will be among the first to provide evidence on the implementation of remote titration facilitated by telemonitoring and its impact on patient health outcomes. The successful use of telemonitoring for this purpose has the potential to alter the existing approach to titration of HF medication and support the development of a care delivery model that combines clinic visits with virtual follow-ups.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04205513; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04205513

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/19705
Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Lifestyle Behaviors and Their Association With Subjective Well-Being Among the General Population in Mainland China: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hu Zhao , Lin Xuhui , Chiwanda Kaminga Atipatsa , Xu Huilan 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe world is experiencing an unprecedented challenge due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, it is unclear whether people’s lifestyles will change as a result.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore perceived lifestyle changes after the outbreak of COVID-19 and their association with subjective well-being (SWB) among the general population in Mainland China.MethodsAn online survey was conducted in May 2020. Lifestyle behaviors including leisure-time physical exercise, leisure-time screen time, and dietary intake were self-reported. SWB was measured using the General Wellbeing Schedule (GWS). Other covariates including sociodemographic factors, self-rated physical health, perceived social support, and loneliness were also assessed by a structured questionnaire. A multivariate ordinal regression method was used to analyze the association between SWB and lifestyle behaviors as well as perceived lifestyle changes.ResultsA total of 1033 participants aged between 18 and 60 years were included in this study. The mean GWS score was 71.7 points. About 70% of the respondents reported spending more time looking at screens, whereas about 30% reported an increased frequency of vegetable and fruit intake after the outbreak of COVID-19. Inactive physical exercise (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.48), infrequent vegetable intake (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90), infrequent fruit intake (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70), and often skipping breakfast (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.08-1.91) were associated with lower SWB after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, self-rated physical health, perceived social support, and loneliness. Moreover, participants who perceived a decrease in the frequency of vegetable, fruit, and breakfast intake were more likely to report lower SWB.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic may have positive and negative impacts on different aspects of lifestyle behaviors. Both unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and negative lifestyle changes were associated with lower SWB. These findings provide scientific evidence that can inform lifestyle guidelines and public mental health interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Low-cement concrete dams: construction, structures and innovations
Authors: Aniskin Nikolai A. , Shaytanov Alexey M. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Low-cement concrete dams are water-retaining structures frequently used in modern hydraulic engineering. The number of facilities of this type goes up every year due to their simple design, speedy construction and high economic efficiency. However, a number of problems may arise in the construction and operation of such facilities. In particular, reduced strength and water permeability of interlayer joints may constitute a problem. Temperature effects arising in the course of construction and operation may cause additional deformation of their structure, changes in their stress-strain state, opening of existing cracks and further cracking. The study of the design experience, building and operation of dams made of low-cement concrete will lay the groundwork for the development of similar structures and defect elimination methods. It will also provide an opportunity to learn more about thebehaviour of structures exposed to various conditions, including climatic ones.
Materials and methods. Data on existing dams made of low-cement concrete, research articles, technical reports and conference proceedings, including those issued by the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), have been collected and analyzed.
Results. The comparative analysis of designs of dams in operation and future-oriented solutions is performed. The co-authors have demonstrated the need for an integrated approach to solving temperature cracking problems by using filtration through the dam body.
Conclusions. The results can be used as the basis for further detailed studies. The comparative analysis of traditional and innovative waterproofing liners will help to effectively choose the protection solution for an upstream face of a facility. New forecasting methods and recommendations aimed at the reduction of negative temperature effects on the operation of facilities can solve the temperature cracking problem.