bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential benefits of olanzapine on executive function in schizophrenia patients: Preliminary findings
Authors: Mehta Neeti D. , Won Michelle J. , Babin Shelly L. , Patel Saumil S. , Wassef Adel A. , Chuang Alice Z. , Sereno Anne B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveSchizophrenia patients show executive function (EF) impairments in voluntary orienting as measured by eye‐movements. We tested 14 inpatients to investigate the effects of the antipsychotic olanzapine on EF, as measured by antisaccade eye‐movement performance.MethodsPatients were tested at baseline (before olanzapine), 3–5 days post‐medication, and 12–14 days post‐medication. Patients were also assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to measure the severity of schizophrenia‐related symptoms, and administered the Stroop task, a test of EF. Nine matched controls were also tested on the antisaccade and Stroop.ResultsBoth groups showed improvement on Stroop and antisaccade; however, the schizophrenia group improved significantly more on antisaccade, indicating an additional benefit of olanzapine on EF performance. Patients with poorer baseline antisaccade performance (High‐Deficit) showed significantly greater improvement on the antisaccade task than patients with better baseline performance (Low‐Deficit), suggesting that baseline EF impairment predicts the magnitude of cognitive improvement with olanzapine. These subgroups showed significant and equivalent improvement on PANSS scores, indicating that improvement on the antisaccade task with olanzapine was not a result of differences in magnitude of clinical improvement.ConclusionsThis preliminary study provides evidence that olanzapine may be most advantageous for patients with greater baseline EF deficits.
Identifying the learning objectives of clinical clerkship in community health in Japan: Focus group
Authors: Kato Daisuke , Wakabayashi Hideki , Takamura Akiteru , Takemura Yousuke C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe value of medical education in the community has been increasingly and globally recognized. In 2015, the World Federation for Medical Education emphasized the importance of medical education in various settings in their standard. Similarly, in Japan, the Model Core Curriculum for Medical Education in Japan (MCCMEJ) is revised in 2016. However, both the learning objectives of such clerkships and their concrete strategies in Japan are not clearly established. In this study, the authors identified the learning objectives of clinical clerkship in community health reflecting the perspectives of medical professionals and community inhabitants.MethodsThey held six focus groups that included physicians, other medical professionals, and inhabitants (n = 35) who were involved in a clinical clerkship in community health at three prefectures in Japan from 2017 to 2018. Further, they recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed the discussion using MCCMEJ as conceptual frameworks.ResultsThe learning objectives comprised of 13 domains. The following four domains were not found in “Basic Qualities and Capacities for Physicians” in MCCMEJ: “future‐oriented systematic view,” “organic integration of knowledge/skill,” “understanding of the community,” and “awareness as an individual physician.”ConclusionWith the community inhabitants' participation, the study results reflect the community needs in Japan. The authors hope that the outcome of this study will be useful to further improve clinical clerkship in community health.
A case of maternal varicella: Expected role of primary care physicians in confirming immune status for varicella in women at childbearing age
Authors: Nishihara Yuji , Hase Ryota 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAt 19‐week gestation, a 32‐year‐old Japanese woman presented with a 3‐day history of fever and vesicular rashes on the skin and was diagnosed with varicella, which resolved after antiviral therapy. In the primary clinic, her immunity to rubella and measles, but not to varicella, was confirmed at preconception counseling. Maternal varicella infection can cause congenital varicella syndrome characterized by congenital malformations and neurological deficits. This case recommends that all women of childbearing age should be assessed for immunity to varicella before pregnancy and that primary care physicians should take initiatives for preventing maternal varicella.
Lemierre's syndrome complicating influenza A virus infection
Authors: Yanagi Hidetaka , Ozawa Hideki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report a 24‐year‐old previously healthy woman with Lemierre's syndrome following influenza A virus infection. One week after influenza A was diagnosed by rapid antigen test and treated by oseltamivir, she developed multiple cavitary lung lesions, and a left internal jugular vein thrombosis. The blood culture grew Fusobacterium necrophorum. We administered ampicillin‐sulbactam and unfractionated heparin to which she responded very well. Although viral infections have been related to Lemierre's syndrome, influenza virus rarely implicated. Lemierre's syndrome should be included in the differential diagnoses of rare complications of influenza virus infection.
Cardiac T2* mapping: Techniques and clinical applications
Authors: Triadyaksa Pandji , Oudkerk Matthijs , Sijens Paul E. 
Published: December 2019

Cardiac T2* mapping is a noninvasive MRI method that is used to identify myocardial iron accumulation in several iron storage diseases such as hereditary hemochromatosis, sickle cell disease, and β‐thalassemia major. The method has improved over the years in terms of MR acquisition, focus on relative artifact‐free myocardium regions, and T2* quantification. Several improvement factors involved include blood pool signal suppression, the reproducibility of T2* measurement as affected by scanner hardware, and acquisition software. Regarding the T2* quantification, improvement factors include the applied curve‐fitting method with or without truncation of the signals acquired at longer echo times and whether or not T2* measurement focuses on multiple segmental regions or the midventricular septum only. Although already widely applied in clinical practice, data processing still differs between centers, contributing to measurement outcome variations. State of the art T2* measurement involves pixelwise quantification providing better spatial iron loading information than region of interest‐based quantification. Improvements have been proposed, such as on MR acquisition for free‐breathing mapping, the generation of fast mapping, noise reduction, automatic myocardial contour delineation, and different T2* quantification methods. This review deals with the pro and cons of different methods used to quantify T2* and generate T2* maps. The purpose is to recommend a combination of MR acquisition and T2* mapping quantification techniques for reliable outcomes in measuring and follow‐up of myocardial iron overload. The clinical application of cardiac T2* mapping for iron overload's early detection, monitoring, and treatment is addressed. The prospects of T2* mapping combined with different MR acquisition methods, such as cardiac T1 mapping, are also described.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy Stage: 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Evaluation of corrected APHRODITE estimates for hydrological simulation in the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra River Basin
Authors: Luo Xian , Fan Xuemei , Ji Xuan , Li Yungang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrecipitation is one of the most important inputs for hydrological simulation because it controls water balance, and accurate representation of rainfall distribution is essential for hydrological simulation. In the Yarlung Tsangpo–Brahmaputra River Basin (YBRB), gauge‐based gridded datasets have difficulties in representing complex orographic precipitation as the rainfall stations are too sparse to capture accurate precipitation patterns. This study used Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) estimates to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in the YBRB. Bias correction on APHRODITE estimates was achieved through linear scaling based on a denser network of gauges. In addition, the elevation bands method was implemented in SWAT to reproduce spatial precipitation by considering orographic effects. The results showed that original APHRODITE data tended to systematically underestimate rainy season precipitation with considerable underestimation on windward slopes of the Himalayas. Corrected APHRODITE data increased precipitation estimates and were able to better represent the spatial patterns of precipitation. During the calibration and validation periods, the mean monthly Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of the corrected APHRODITE‐simulation were 0.86 and 0.82, respectively, which were much higher than those of the original APHRODITE‐simulation (0.79 and 0.72), indicating the reliability of corrected APHRODITE estimates in driving hydrological model. In addition, although the elevation bands method has some limitations induced by the constant precipitation lapse rate, it was also found that this method could improve the accuracy of hydrological simulation. In large transboundary sparsely gauged river basins, implementation of bias correction and elevation bands can improve the representation of spatial precipitation of gridded gauge‐based rainfall products, which may be beneficial for hydrological simulation and water resources management.
Improvement of off‐axis color shift on hybrid viewing‐angle device using dual γ‐voltage method
Authors: Liu Shih‐Bin , Qiao Yanbing , Zou Zhongfei , Yu Chia‐Min , Guo Xiaojun , Chung Te‐Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have mass production on one kind of liquid crystal display (LCD) device with hybrid viewing‐angle (HVA), which can be switched between the wide viewing‐angle (WVA) and narrow viewing‐angle (NVA) by one button. This device adopts the single cell design that with lower cost, and utilizes the optical properties of electrically tilted LC to achieve the function of NVA display. An issue has received less attention in the past and been indeed found in the production process. It is that the off‐axis color shift will appear in NVA mode. We put forward one method to improve this issue here, which is combined with the concepts of Gray Frame Insertion (GFI) and Impulse‐type driving. By switching the voltage between two different γ values, the color shift will be perfected on the produce.
A rapid and simple ultra high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of methoxyphenol derivatives involved in the eugenol catabolic pathway
Authors: Singh Archana , Ghosh Sachan Shashwati , Mukhopadhyay Kunal , Kumar Manish , Sachan Ashish 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn efficient ultra high performance liquid chromatography method of separation was developed for the analysis of six important methoxyphenol derivatives involved in the eugenol catabolic pathway. In the present study, an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column was used for the chromatographic separation of the industrially important phenolic compounds such as vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, coniferyl alcohol, and coniferyl aldehyde obtained during microbial transformation of eugenol. Eluted components were identified using the dual wavelength (254 and 310 nm) UV detector. A gradient method of elution using mobile phase of aqueous 1 mM trifluoroacetic acid (Solvent A) and methanol (Solvent B) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min separated all the five intermediate methoxyphenol derivatives along with their precursor eugenol within 15 min with stable baseline resolution. Method validation was performed for the accurate quantification of vanillin, coniferyl aldehyde, and eugenol using the parameters of linearity, specificity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness. The developed method would be helpful for clear separation and identification of the five most important intermediate metabolites of the eugenol catabolism pathway.
Thermo‐sensitive surface molecularly imprinted magnetic microspheres based on bio‐macromolecules and their specific recognition of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Wang Yufei , Ma Yong , Zhou Jingjing , Su Kehe , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBovine serum albumin imprinted magnetic microspheres, with functional monomers of modified chitosan, N‐isopropylacrylamide and sulfobetaine methacrylate, were successfully prepared and characterized in detail. Computational analyses showed that during the preparation process, modified chitosan can effortlessly form multiple non‐covalent bonds with protein molecules. Temperature‐sensitive N‐isopropylacrylamide improves the elution efficiency by abating the mass transfer resistance. Meanwhile, the zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate strongly interacts with H2O molecules, remarkably reducing the non‐specific adsorption. The specific bovine serum albumin adsorption performances of the prepared imprinted material were then determined. The adsorption amount reached 86.87 mg/g and the imprinting factor was 6.49. These excellent specific adsorption properties are attributed to the synergetic effects of the different monomers. The fabricated imprinted material not only exhibits great prospects as a biosensor or separation material for protein molecules, but also provides a collaborative strategy for preparing multi‐functional imprinted materials.
Three‐dimensional analysis of the human pharyngoesophageal sphincter
Authors: Randall Derrick R. , Cates Daniel J. , Strong E. Brandon , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesDysfunction of the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) is a common cause of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Surgical dilation of the PES uses cylindrical dilators that expand radially in a circular shape. Animal studies, however, suggest that the PES is kidney‐shaped. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the 3D shape of the human PES with a novel casting method.MethodsA platinum‐cured liquid silicone polymer was infused under pressure into the upper aerodigestive tract of nine fresh human cadavers to construct 3D casts of the maximally distended PES. Cross‐sectional and volumetric analysis were performed using computed tomography and serial sectioning of the models. Canonical variate analysis was used to identify the shape features that best distinguishes the PES from the cervical esophagus.ResultsThe mean age of the cadavers was 77.9 (SD ± 10.6) years, with 67% women. Analysis of the casts confirms that the human PES possesses a kidney‐shaped structure at maximal distention, which is discretely different from the adjacent esophagus (P < 0.001). The posterior body of the cricoid cartilage formed the anterior wall of the PES, which provided a rigid structure responsible for preservation of the kidney shape during distention. The diameter of the maximally distended PES at the cricopharyngeus was highly variable (range = 0.86–4.68 cm2; SD = 1.33 cm2).ConclusionThe data suggest that the human PES is not round and that targeted expansion at the level of the cricopharyngeus with an eccentrically shaped dilator may provide improved distention.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2019
How to measure the collective intelligence of primary healthcare teams?
Authors: Jean Emmanuelle , Perroux Mélanie , Pepin Jacinthe , Duhoux Arnaud 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe capacity for teams and organizations to evolve and to thrive in ever‐shifting environments is attributed to their collective intelligence. Collectively, intelligent team could prevent repetition of past mistakes and can help organizations and people work more efficiently. Researchers aimed to find a framework or a tool that could help explain collective intelligence in primary healthcare organizations.MethodsThe framework was developed iteratively following a three‐step process based on the Pragmatic utility concept analysis, each step fetching data from both literature and the team's expertise: (i) finding an existing framework, (ii) developing an initial framework, (iii) testing and refining the framework.ResultsA broad literature search led researchers to focus more specifically on two interrelated frameworks, both concepts were created within the educational field. We first adapted these concepts to healthcare teams, then to the increasing interdisciplinarity of primary healthcare teams. We also subdivided the framework into clinical or organizational domain. Finally, we performed a secondary analysis from existing data of a larger project that aimed to evaluate seven primary care teams in Quebec.ConclusionsThis first attempt to conceptualize collective intelligence in a way that is specific to primary healthcare teams helps identify strengths and areas in which teams could potentially improve. From a theoretical perspective, the framework facilitates understanding of the concept of collective intelligence in primary healthcare teams. Our current results show a strong potential for this tool, but other tests and systematic validations are to be expected in order to better link collective intelligence and team performance.
The effect of detuned wavelength in the dynamic performance of distributed feedback lasers operating at O band and C band
Authors: Cantú Horacio I. , McKee Andrew , Ivanov Pavlo , Watson Scott , Kelly Anthony E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA comparison is presented between the experimental dynamic behavior of detuned AlInGaAs ridge waveguide distributed feedback lasers operating at O band and C band at two different temperatures. The nominal center wavelengths at 25°C for the set of devices studied were 1270, 1310, and 1550 nm. Preliminary static characterization of the samples showed consistent trends between wavelength detuning, characteristic temperature, and power output. For all set of samples, the characteristic temperature was substantially higher for the samples detuned to longer wavelengths (red) at room temperature. At the temperature of 85°C, a higher power efficiency was observed for those samples that thermally shifted nearer the peak optical gain. Resonance frequencies were extracted at 25°C and 85°C by means of electro‐optical transmission measurements and relative intensity noise measurements. The extracted values confirmed that at room temperature the samples detuned to shorter wavelengths (blue) showed the highest modulation efficiencies. At the temperature of 85°C, however, the wavelength and optical gain thermal shift makes those same samples to have the lowest resonant frequencies. The dynamic trends over temperature were clearer for the O band set of samples, while the detuning had a less pronounced effect at C band. The range of maximum resonance frequencies studied was from 12 to 14 GHz, which makes the devices suitable for uncooled communication applications at multi‐gigabit data rates.
Failure mode and effects analysis of linac‐based liver stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Rusu Iris , Thomas Tarita O. , Roeske John C. , Mescioglu Ibrahim , Melian Edward , Surucu Murat 
Published: December 2019

PurposeAlthough stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an attractive noninvasive approach for liver irradiation, it presents specific challenges associated with respiration‐induced liver motion, daily tumor localization due to liver deformation, and poor visualization of target with respect to adjacent normal liver in computed tomography (CT). We aim to identify potential hazards and develop a set of mitigation strategies to improve the safety of our liver SBRT program, using failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA).Materials and methodsA multidisciplinary group consisting of two physicians, three physicists, two dosimetrists, and two therapists was formed. A process map covering ten major stages of the liver SBRT program from the initial diagnosis to posttreatment follow‐up was generated. A total of 102 failure modes (FM), together with their causes and effects, were identified. The occurrence (O), severity (S), and lack of detectability (D) were independently scored using a scale from 1 (lowest risk) to 10 (largest risk). The ranking was done using the risk probability number (RPN) defined as the product of average O, S, and D numbers for each mode. Two fault tree analyses were performed. The failure modes with the highest RPN values as well as highest severity score were considered for investigation and a set of mitigation strategies was developed to address these.ResultsThe median RPN (RPNmed) values for all modes ranged from of 9 to 105 and the highest median S score (Smed) was 8. Fourteen FMs were identified to be significant by both RPNmed and Smed (top ten RPNmed ranked and highest Smed FMs) and 12 of them were considered for risk mitigation efforts. The remaining two were omitted due to either sufficient checks already in place, or lack of practical mitigation strategies. Implemented measures consisted of five physics tasks, two physician tasks, and three workflow changes.ConclusionsThe application of FMEA to our liver SBRT program led to the identification of potential FMs and allowed improvement measures to enhance the safety of our clinical practice.
Cross‐sectional area reference values for sonography of nerves in the upper extremities
Authors: Niu Jingwen , Li Yi , Zhang Lei , Ding Qingyun , Cui Liying , Liu Mingsheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionDetailed morphological features of the peripheral nerves could improve the diagnostic sensitivity in some polyneuropathies. In this study we aimed to establish multiple‐site, cross‐sectional area (CSA) reference values for peripheral nerves of upper extremities in a healthy Chinese population.MethodsOne hundred eleven healthy subjects, 15 to 70 years of age, were prospectively recruited. CSA at predetermined sites of the median, ulnar, radial nerves, and brachial plexus was measured bilaterally. Ten consecutive sites were studied along the median/ulnar nerves.ResultsThe CSA at ten sites of the median nerve ranged from 5.59 ± 0.89 to 8.43 ± 1.30 mm2, and for the ulnar nerve from 2.94 ± 0.57 to 5.63 ± 1.08 mm2. Both age and gender correlated with nerve CSA at most sites.DiscussionCSA was not uniform along the length of the median and ulnar nerves. The multiple‐site reference values could be helpful for investigating polyneuropathies in the Asian population.
On a volume averaged measure of macroscopic reinforcement slip in two‐scale modeling of reinforced concrete
Authors: Sciegaj Adam , Larsson Fredrik , Lundgren Karin , Runesson Kenneth 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYA two‐scale model for reinforced concrete, in which the large‐scale problem formulation is enriched by an effective reinforcement slip variable, is derived from the single‐scale model describing the response of plain concrete, reinforcement steel, and the bond between them. The subscale problem on the representative volume element (RVE) is correspondingly defined as finding the response of the RVE subjected to effective variables (strain, slip, and slip gradient) imposed from the large scale. A novel volumetric definition of effective reinforcement slip and its gradient is devised, and the corresponding subscale problem is formulated. The newly defined effective variables are imposed on the RVE in a weak sense using Lagrange multipliers. The response of the RVEs of different sizes was investigated by means of pull‐through tests, and the novel boundary condition type was used in FE2 analyses of a deep beam. Locally, prescribing the macroscopic reinforcement slip and its gradient in the proposed manner resulted in reduced RVE‐size dependency of effective work conjugates, which allows for more objective description of reinforcement slip in two‐scale modeling of reinforced concrete. Globally, this formulation produced more consistent amplitudes of effective slip fluctuations and more consistent maximum crack width predictions.