bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of itch in children with psoriasis: A qualitative exploration of the Itch Numeric Rating Scale
Authors: Mannix Sally , Edson‐Heredia Emily , Paller Amy S. , Yosipovitch Gil , Burge Russel , Kleinman Leah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPsoriasis is a chronic, immune‐mediated dermatologic disorder with a prevalence among children estimated at 0.1%–0.45%, and a median age of onset at approximately 7–10 years. Pediatric psoriasis is known to have negative impacts on health‐related quality of life. Among the most bothersome symptoms, itch has been measured using the Itch Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). This study explored the symptom and impacts of itch with pediatric psoriasis patients and evaluated the content validity of the Itch NRS in children.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted among a sample of pediatric patients diagnosed with plaque psoriasis.ResultsConcept elicitation interviews were completed with 22 children (ages 7–17 years). When asked about most frequent symptoms, 61% reported itching (n = 14) and 65% reported flaking (n = 15). The majority reported itching as bothersome; about half described impacts on their regular activities. Cognitive interviews were completed with 25 children (ages 8–17 years). Most reported that independently completing the Itch NRS would be easy, and all described the meaning of the response options similar to the intended value. Overall, the Itch NRS was received favorably, with comments that the scale was easy or relevant to their experience with psoriasis.ConclusionsThis qualitative study supports the content validity of the Itch NRS for use in a pediatric psoriasis population aged 8–17. Given the established importance of itch to pediatric psoriasis patients, future research exploring the impact of itch on the lives of pediatric psoriasis patients may provide a valuable contribution to the field.
A case of hyperhaemolysis syndrome in a pregnant Chinese woman with β‐thalassemia during perinatal transfusion
Authors: Wu Yuanjun , Ji Yanli , Dai Bingmei , Guo Faliang , Wu Yong , He Ziyi , Mo Chunyan , Wu Shujie , Hu Yingming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo report a case of hyperhaemolysis syndrome (HHS) that occurred during perinatal blood transfusion in a pregnant Chinese woman with β‐thalassemia to deepen the understanding of HHS and the risk of transfusion therapy for patients with thalassemia.BackgroundMost HHS cases occur in people with sickle cell disease. So far, no cases of HHS have been reported in the Chinese population. Here, we report a pregnant Chinese women with β‐thalassemia experiencing HHS.MethodsThe patient received ABO‐ and RhD‐matched red blood cell transfusion from six blood donors in four perinatal transfusions. Haemoglobinuria and lower haemoglobin levels compared to those before transfusion were observed after each transfusion, and the lactate dehydrogenase was consistently elevated. The blood samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation for direct antiglobulin test (DAT), antibody screening test and acid elution test. The antigens of six blood donors were identified, and the cross‐matching tests were repeated using the blood sample of the patient with specific irregular antibodies after the last transfusion.ResultsThe DAT of the patient was negative for anti‐IgG and positive (1+) for anti‐C3d, and no red blood cell antibodies were detected in the eluent before, between and after transfusions. Before and between transfusions, blood samples were negative for red blood cell irregular antibodies, whereas IgM anti‐P1 and IgG anti‐Jka were detected in blood samples the next day after the last transfusion. In the six donors, two were negative for P1 and Jka, one was positive for P1 and negative for Jka, and three were negative for P1 and positive for Jka. The tentative cross‐matching tests using the indirect antiglobulin method in saline showed that only agglutination occurred in the blood samples of the patient collected after last transfusion and the three Jka‐positive blood donors.DiscussionThe clinical manifestations and laboratory test results suggested that HHS occurred in this patient with β‐thalassemia after each transfusion. Clinicians should be aware that HHS can occur with compatible blood transfusion.
Determinants and patterns of antibiotic consumption for children under five in Nepal: analysis and modelling of Demographic Health Survey data from 2006 to 2016
Authors: Zheng Charlotte , Karkey Abilasha , Wang Tianyi , Makuka Gerald , van Doorn H. Rogier , Lewycka Sonia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesOur aims were to examine AMR‐specific and AMR‐sensitive factors associated with antibiotic consumption in Nepal between 2006 and 2016, to explore health care‐seeking patterns and the source of antibiotics.MethodsCross‐sectional data from children under five in households in Nepal were extracted from the 2006, 2011 and 2016 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS). Bivariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to assess the association of disease prevalence and antibiotic use with age, sex, ecological location, urban/rural location, wealth index, household size, maternal smoking, use of clean fuel, sanitation, nutritional status, access to health care and vaccinations.ResultsPrevalence of fever, acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhoea decreased between 2006 and 2016, whilst the proportion of children under five receiving antibiotics increased. Measles vaccination, basic vaccinations, nutritional status, sanitation and access to health care were associated with antibiotic use. Those in the highest wealth index use less antibiotics and antibiotic consumption in rural areas surpassed urban regions over time. Health seeking from the private sector has overtaken government facilities since 2006 with antibiotics mainly originating from pharmacies and private hospitals. Adherence to WHO‐recommended antibiotics has fallen over time.ConclusionsWith rising wealth, there has been a decline in disease prevalence but an increase in antibiotic use and more access to unregulated sources. Understanding factors associated with antibiotic use will help to inform interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use whilst ensuring access to those who need them.
A review of glaucoma surgical therapy
Authors: Webb Terah E. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is a disorder of all species due to a rise of intraocular pressure (IOP) beyond which is compatible with ganglion cell and axon function, often resulting in optic nerve degeneration and irreversible blindness. Glaucoma treatment with surgical intervention aimed at either reducing aqueous production, or increasing or altering aqueous outflow has evolved over preceding decades, but there remains no cure. The present article is intended to provide a concise review of glaucoma surgical therapies in veterinary ophthalmology.
Accuracy and safety of three‐dimensionally printed animal‐specific drill guides for thoracolumbar vertebral column instrumentation in dogs: Bilateral and unilateral designs
Authors: Guevar Julien , Bleedorn Jason , Cullum Thomas , Hetzel Scott , Zlotnick Josh , Mariani Christopher L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and accuracy of a unilateral three‐dimensionally printed animal‐specific drill guide (3DASDG) design for unilateral stabilization in the thoracolumbar vertebral column of dogs compared to a bilateral design.Study designCadaveric study.Sample populationFifty‐two corridors in one canine cadaver.MethodsTwo 3DASDG designs with 2 drilling tubes each were created from T8 to L7 vertebrae. Fifty‐two corridors were drilled on the right and the left sides by using unilateral and bilateral designs, respectively. Planned and postoperative trajectories (entry point, exit point, angle) were compared to establish the accuracy. Statistical analysis was used for accuracy comparison between designs. Safety was evaluated by using Zdichavsky classification.ResultsUnilateral and bilateral drill guide designs were not different for entry point and angle deviations; however, they were different for the exit point deviations. Two corridors breached outside the vertebra. For all guides, mean entry and exit point deviations were less than 1 and 2 mm, respectively. The maximum entry or exit point deviation in both groups was 4.7 mm. The mean angle deviation was <3.5°, and the maximum angle deviation was 9.3°.ConclusionNo difference was detected in accuracy of entry points and angle deviations between drill guide designs tested in normal vertebrae. The technique was classified as highly safe.Clinical significanceA unilateral drill guide design may be a safe alternative to bilateral guides for unilateral stabilization of the thoracolumbar vertebral column in dogs.
Multiscale Validation of Multiple Human Body Model Functional Spinal Units
Authors: Draper Dustin , Newell Nicolas , Masouros Spyros , Peldschus Steffen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A validation comparing five human body model (HBM) lumbar spines is carried out across two load cases, with the objective to use and apply HBMs in high strain rate applications such as car occupant simulation. The first load case consists of an individual intervertebral disc (IVD) loaded in compression at a strain rate of 1/s by a material testing machine. The second load case is a lumbar functional spine unit (FSU) loaded in compression using a drop tower setup, producing strain rates of up to 48/s. The IVD simulations were found to have a better agreement with the experiments than the FSU simulations, and the ranking of which HBMs matched best to the experiment differed by load case. These observations suggest the need for more hierarchical validations of the lumbar spine for increasing the utility of HBMs in high strain rate loading scenarios.
Guided Waves Measurement Techniques in Pitch–Catch Configuration
Authors: Cordella Francesco , Bertoncini Francesco , Cappelli Mauro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Guided waves (GWs) testing allows a long-range screening in pipes of different types and represents an effective and powerful nondestructing technique for defect detections using a limited number of points of measures. After the characterization through a general theoretical analysis, the focus is set to a real steam discharge pipe with a high mechanical complexity used for many years in a research plant now decommissioned. The experimental method applied here is the pitch–catch configuration of two magnetostrictive sensors. This paper aims to establish a strong theoretical background to pave the way for a robust experimental investigation. Preliminary experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Uniaxial High-Speed Microscale Three-Dimensional Surface Topographical Measurements Using Fringe Projection
Authors: Zheng Yi , Li Beiwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In situ inspection has drawn many attention in manufacturing due to the importance of quality assurance. Having an accurate and robust in situ monitoring can assist corrective actions for a closed-loop control of a manufacturing process. The fringe projection technique, as a variation of the structured light technique, has demonstrated significant potential for real-time in situ monitoring and inspection given its merits of conducting simultaneous high-speed and high-accuracy measurements. However, high-speed three-dimensional (3D) scanning methods like fringe projection technique are typically based on triangulation principle, meaning that the depth information is retrieved by analyzing the triangulation relationship between the light emitter (i.e., projector), the image receiver (i.e., camera) and the tested sample surface. Such measurement scheme cannot reconstruct 3D surfaces where large geometrical variations are present, such as a deep hole or a stair geometry. This is because large geometrical variations will block the auxiliary light used in the triangulation-based methods, which will resultantly cause a shadowed area to occur. In this paper, we propose a uniaxial fringe projection technique to address such limitation. We measured a stair model using both conventional triangulation-based fringe projection technique and the proposed method for comparison. Our experiment demonstrates that the proposed uniaxial fringe projection technique can perform high-speed 3D scanning without shadows appearing in the scene. Quantitative testing shows that an accuracy of 1.15% can be obtained using the proposed uniaxial fringe projection system.
Experimental Investigation and Plasticity Modeling of SS316 L Microtubes Under Varying Deformation Paths
Authors: Mamros Elizabeth M. , Ha Jinjin , Korkolis Yannis P. , Kinsey Brad L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, results for SS316 L microtube experiments under combined inflation and axial loading for single and multiloading segment deformation paths are presented along with a plasticity model to predict the associated stress and strain paths. The microtube inflation/tension machine, utilized for these experiments, creates biaxial stress states by applying axial tension or compression and internal pressure simultaneously. Two types of loading paths are considered in this paper, proportional (where a single loading path with a given axial:hoop stress ratio is followed) and corner (where an initial pure loading segment, i.e., axial or hoop, is followed by a secondary loading segment in the transverse direction, i.e., either hoop or axial, respectively). The experiments are designed to produce the same final strain state under different deformation paths, resulting in different final stress states. This difference in stress state can affect the material properties of the final part, which can be varied for the intended application, e.g., biomedical hardware, while maintaining the desired geometry. The experiments are replicated in a reasonable way by a material model that combines the Hill 1948 anisotropic yield function and the Hockett–Sherby hardening law. Discussion of the grain size effects during microforming impacting the ability to achieve consistent deformation path results is included.
Vibration Response-Based Intelligent Non-Contact Fault Diagnosis of Bearings
Authors: Goyal Deepam , Dhami S. S. , Pabla B. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Accelerometers, used as vibration pickups in machine health monitoring systems, need physical connection to the machine tool through cables, complicating physical systems. A non-contact laser based vibration sensor has been developed and used for bearing health monitoring in this article. The vibration data have been acquired under speed and load variation. Hilbert transform (HT) has been applied for denoising the vibration signal. An extraction of condition monitoring indicators from both raw and envelope signals has been made, and the dimensionality of these extracted indicators was deducted with principal component analysis (PCA). Sequential floating forward selection (SFFS) method has been implemented for ranking the selected indicators in order of significance for reduction in the input vector size and for finalizing the most optimal indicator set. Finally, the selected indicators are passed to k-nearest neighbor (kNN) and weighted kNN (WkNN) for diagnosing the bearing defects. The comparative analysis of the effectiveness of kNN and WkNN has been executed. It is evident from the experimental results that the vibration signals obtained from developed non-contact sensor compare adequately with the accelerometer data obtained under similar conditions. The performance of WkNN has been found to be slower compared to kNN. The proposed fault detection methodology compares very well with the other reported methods in the literature. The non-contact fault detection methodology has an enormous potential for automatic recognition of defects in the machine, which can provide early signals to avoid catastrophic failure and unplanned equipment shutdowns.
Approximate Relations for Optimum Turbine Operating Parameters in Allam Cycle
Authors: Haseli Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article explores the relations between the cycle performance and the main operating parameters of the Allam cycle with uncooled turbine through a simplified thermodynamic analysis. The cycle efficiency is maximized with respect to turbine parameters. Expressions are derived for the estimation of optimum turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and pressure as well as optimum turbine exhaust pressure. The cryogenic air separation process developed by Allam is employed, which produces supercritical oxygen at combustion pressure. Typical numerical results are presented using the new expressions for optimum turbine parameters. The highest cycle efficiency is found to be 66.4% at a TIT/inlet pressure/exhaust pressure of 1306 K/300 bar/39.4 bar and a CO2 compressor exit pressure of 60 bar. The newly derived relationships for the key process parameters allow a better understanding of the operation of the Allam cycle.
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Flexible Three-Dimensional Printed Percutaneous Needle With Embedded Actuators
Authors: Varnamkhasti Zahra K. , Konh Bardia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Percutaneous needle-based procedures have replaced open surgeries in cancer treatments to perform the tasks with minimal invasiveness to the tissue. Precise placement of the needle at target positions in cancer diagnostic (e.g., breast biopsy) or therapeutic (e.g., prostate brachytherapy) procedures governs the success of such procedures. Also, in many needle insertion applications, it is desired to steer away from critical organs or to maneuver around anatomical obstacles in tissue. This work introduces a flexible three-dimensional (3D) printed percutaneous needle with embedded actuators for improved navigation inside the tissue toward the target. The needle is manipulated via a programmed portable motorized control unit to realize an average angular deflection of about 15 and 14 deg in air and a tissue-mimicking phantom, respectively. We demonstrated the needle's capability to reach the target, while avoiding obstacles. We also demonstrated that the flexible needle can be guided through a desired trajectory by controlling its angular deflection and axial movement. The 3D deflection of the needle is expected to assist in breast cancer lumpectomy for multiple extractions of tissue samples or in prostate brachytherapy via a curvilinear approach. The flexible needle may help reducing the complexity of current path planning algorithms, and thereby improve efficiency of closed-loop control systems in needle steering.
On the Effect of Various Heat Treatments on Microstructure of AISI 4130 Steel Used in Sour Service Pipes
Authors: Vysochinskiy Dmitry , Rybakov Dmitri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nowadays welding is the most common way to connect metal parts and structures. One of the challenges connected to welding it that heat output from the welding alters the microstructure of the metal creating the heat affected zone (HAZ) near the weld. In steel welds HAZ is often harder and more brittle than the base material due to formation of martensite. This might cause hydrogen induced cracking and speed up the fatigue of the weld. To mitigate the martensite formation in the HAZ different heat treatments, like preheat, interpass and PWHT are often applied. However, for 4130 steel, preheat and interpass temperatures are not expected to restrict martensite formation due to materials slow transformation rate. Preheat and interpass temperatures are still important for hydrogen diffusion and reduction of tension in the weld.
This paper investigates the effect of different heat treatments on the microstructure of AISI 4130 steel used in sour service pipes. The welding and sample preparation were performed in accordance with ISO 15156 and ASME B31.3 standards. Two sample sets were produced: one with and one without preheating. The hardness tests of weld profiles were performed in accordance with ISO 15156-2 international standard. Comparison of hardness profiles indicated that preheat had virtually no effect on hardness of the steel in HAZ, although it affected hardness of fusion zone. Preheated samples were further heat treated in a furnace simulating PWHT effect. Three different PWHT condition were tested. The hardness profiles indicated that PWHT led to noticeable changes in steel microstructure. In order to understand those microstructure changes, the heat treatment of the steel during production process was reviewed and microscopic investigations of the weld profiles were performed.
LNG and Bulk Terminals: An Advanced Approach for Downtime Estimate and Layout Optimization
Authors: El Chahal Ghassan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Downtime related to excessive vessel motion and/or mooring line forces caused by environmental conditions is an important parameter for designing new terminals and ports in addition to planning offshore operations such as dredging, structure installations, etc. The present paper addresses an advanced approach using artificial intelligence in order to estimate the downtime in a more realistic manner. This approach is compared with conventional methods used in the industry and is applied for a number of terminal projects presented in this paper.
Operations at marine terminals are generally protected by a breakwater. These breakwaters whether are rubble mound type or caissons are expensive as constructed in deep waters in 20 m or greater. The conventional downtime methods result generally in a higher value which subsequently requires a longer breakwater once the downtime criteria is exceeded. The advanced approach for estimating downtime helps to optimize the terminal/breakwater layout and subsequently save on the CAPEX.
This approach estimates the downtime for the long term environmental time series using an inhouse Matlab code/program developed using neural network. In order to estimate the downtime, a set of specialized studies are conducted first illustrating the breadth and depth of port engineering. First, the wave climate for a long term time years is established at the project site using Spectral Wave Model MIKE 21 SW. The wave conditions are then transformed to the breakwater leeside (terminal side) using Boussinesq wave model MIKE 21 BW. Dynamic mooring study for the vessels at terminal is carried out using the time domain mooring analysis software MIKE 21 MA. Finally, an inhouse developed Matlab program calculates the downtime for the metocean time series based on the dynamic vessel response of the large set of selected environmental combinations.
Up to the author’s knowledge, this is the first published work highlighting limitations of conventional methods and the importance of implementing advanced techniques. This leads to a new thinking of how terminals are to be designed in the future.
Dynamic Simulation of a Mooring Catenary Based on the Lumped-Mass Approach: OpenModelica and Python Implementations
Authors: Viswanathan Savin , Holden Christian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the theoretical background behind the formulation and solution of a discretized lumped-mass mathematical-model of the physically continuous and inelastic mooring catenary is re-visited. The drag term of the Morison equation is used to determine the fluid loads, and the sea-bed interaction is prescribed as vertical spring loads on the interacting nodes. Numerical solution to the equation of motion is sought through a finite-difference method. The initial conditions are determined using the catenary theory, the instantaneous boundary conditions are prescribed, and the in-elasticity of the mooring segments is specified as the constraint equation. The solution procedure is then implemented as both Python and Modelica code. Results of the Modelica simulation are then compared with those generated using the popular ocean-engineering software, Orcaflex. Finally, conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of simulation results. The codes and results are made available for download.