bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests and kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mekonnen Daniel , Mengist Hylemariam Mihiretie , Derbie Awoke , Nibret Endalkachew , Munshea Abaineh , He Hongliang , Li Bofeng , Jin Tengchuan 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) serological test methods and the kinetics of antibody positivity. Systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guideline. We included articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests and the kinetics of antibody positivity. MEDLINE through PubMed, Scopus, medRxiv and bioRxiv were sources of articles. Methodological qualities of included articles were appraised using QUADAS‐2 while Metandi performs bivariate meta‐analysis of DTA using a generalized linear mixed‐model approach. Stata 14 and Review Manager 5.3 were used for data analysis. The summary sensitivity/specificity of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) were 92% (95% CI: 86%–95%)/99% (CI: 97%–99%), 86% (CI: 82%–89%)/99% (CI: 98%–100%) and 78% (CI: 71%–83%)/98% (95% CI: 96%–99%), respectively. Moreover, CLIA‐based assays produced nearly 100% sensitivity within 11–15 days post‐symptom onset (DPSO). Based on antibody type, the sensitivity of ELISA‐total antibody, CLIA‐IgM/G and CLIA‐IgG gauged at 94%, 92% and 92%, respectively. The sensitivity of CLIA–RBD assay reached 96%, while LFIA‐S demonstrated the lowest sensitivity, 71% (95% CI: 58%–80%). CLIA assays targeting antibodies against RBD considered the best DTA. The antibody positivity rate increased corresponding with DPSO, but there was some decrement when moving from acute phase to convalescent phase of infection. As immunoglobulin isotope‐related DTA was heterogeneous, our data have insufficient evidence to recommend CLIA/ELISA for clinical decision‐making, but likely to have comparative advantage over RT‐qPCR in certain circumstances and geographic regions.
The potential contribution of small coastal streams to the conservation of declining and threatened diadromous fishes, especially the European eel
Authors: Copp Gordon H. , Daverat Françoise , Bašić Tea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman‐generated pressures are continuing to have a detrimental effect on diadromous fishes, resulting in legislative initiatives to conserve and manage these species. Field studies to inform these initiatives focus almost exclusively on larger marine, estuarine, and inland waters, neglecting the role of small coastal streams and tributaries in population recovery. As an example of the potential contribution of very small coastal streams to diadromous fish recruitment, we report here on the densities and distribution of European eel Anguilla anguilla L. and flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) in one such stream, “La Warenne,” in northeast France in October 1998 and 1999. Both species were found mainly in downstream sites in both years—flounder were captured in low numbers only, but mean CPUE values for eel were similar to the highest densities reported in the ICES WGEEL database for larger rivers of Great Britain, France and Spain in the Interreg Atlantic and North Sea areas. This small dataset illustrates that small coastal streams may represent an important, but overlooked, role in conservation strategies for European eel, and possibly flounder, indicating the need for further field studies and investigations of existing data sources to evaluate the contributions to diadromous fish recruitment of these poorly studied water courses.
Investigation of Room Temperature Formation of the Ultra‐Hard Nanocarbons Diamond and Lonsdaleite
Authors: McCulloch Dougal G. , Wong Sherman , Shiell Thomas B. , Haberl Bianca , Cook Brenton A. , Huang Xingshuo , Boehler Reinhard , McKenzie David R. , Bradby Jodie E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiamond is an attractive material due to its extreme hardness, high thermal conductivity, quantum optical, and biomedical applications. There is still much that is not understood about how diamonds form, particularly at room temperature and without catalysts. In this work, a new route for the formation of nanocrystalline diamond and the diamond‐like phase lonsdaleite is presented. Both diamond phases are found to form together within bands with a core‐shell structure following the high pressure treatment of a glassy carbon precursor at room temperature. The crystallographic arrangements of the diamond phases revealed that shear is the driving force for their formation and growth. This study gives new understanding of how shear can lead to crystallization in materials and helps elucidate how diamonds can form on Earth, in meteorite impacts and on other planets. Finally, the new shear induced formation mechanism works at room temperature, a key finding that may enable diamond and other technically important nanomaterials to be synthesized more readily.
8‐Hydroxyquinoline Fluorophore for Sensing of Metal Ions and Anions
Authors: Rohini  , Paul Kamaldeep , Luxami Vijay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong various known hydroxyquinolines, 8‐hydroxyquinoline (8‐HQ) is the most prevalent moiety due to excellent property for the formation of the complex with different metal ions and anions, and utilized in a wide variety of applications in pharmacological and medicinal fields. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline moiety and its analogues acts as fluorophoric ligands on complex formation with alkali and alkaline as well as transition metal ions and anions, thus, considered as an ideal building block in metallo‐supramolecular chemistry for recognition, separation, and quantitative investigation of cations. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline moiety is also used in various applications for the advancement of novel fluorescent chemosensors in a wide variety of areas viz., material chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, molecular imaging, analytical chemistry, molecular recognition, medical and biological science communities. The present review emphasises on the progress of sensing properties of 8‐HQ centred small‐molecule fluorescent chemosensors towards several metal ions viz., Fe3+, Al3+, Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pd2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and K+ and anions such as F−, CN− and PPi, from 2008 to 2020, because of their sensitivity and selectivity in terms of diverse colour changes for different species. This critical and comprehensive review might facilitate the improvement of more prevailing chemosensors for future exciting and broad applications.
Navigating the urban space: Assessment of residents’ experience and satisfaction with the legibility of Ibadan municipality, Nigeria
Authors: Olowoporoku Oluwaseun , Daramola Oluwole , Odeyemi Gbenga , Olaniyi Kamilu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing urban legibility elements, this paper examined residents’ experience and satisfaction with navigation in Ibadan metropolis. This was with a view to suggesting policy response to enhance the livability and sustainability of the city and others with similar background. Five local government areas make up Ibadan municipality and comprise three residential areas (core, transition, and suburban). One ward was randomly selected in each residential zone of the city. A total of 14,269 residential buildings were identified in the selected areas. Using systematic sampling, every 50th building in each of the wards was selected for questionnaire administration culminating into 285 household heads. The study established that variation existed in the availability of urban legibility elements in different residential districts in the city. Also, residents experience varying difficulties with giving/receiving description in the city. Furthermore, variation existed in the effectiveness and satisfaction residents derived from the use of available urban legibility elements. It established that residents’ experience of urban legibility in the study area is determined by age, monthly income, number of years spent in the city, and educational attainment. The study recommended the integration of urban legibility elements in the preparation and implementation of layouts in order to aid navigation and delivery of urban services.
Working and Learning Through the Local Community: Four Case Studies from Higher Education That Promote Civic Engagement
Authors: Morley Dawn A. , Gleeson Tracey , Mey Kerstin , Warren-Perkinson Anne , Bourne Tracey , King Amy E. , Cooper Linda , Reavey Duncan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter acts as a companion to Chapter 4 which discusses the rise of the civic engagement movement in higher education and the mutual benefits of connecting universities with their local communities. The case studies, taken from three universities in the UK and Ireland, illuminate different aspects of civic engagement with international students, through sport and health initiatives and as an extension of a teaching degree. Each case study demonstrates best practice recognised by their sustainability, growing reputation and ongoing positive impact on students’ alternative real world learning experiences.
Real World Learning and the Internationalisation of Higher Education: Approaches to Making Learning Real for Global Communities
Authors: Jamil Md Golam , Alam Nazmul , Radclyffe-Thomas Natascha , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Moniruzzaman Mollah A. K. M. , Rasel Annajiat Alim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReal world learning and the internationalisation of curricula are relatively new considerations in contemporary higher education discourses. Inquiry and application lie at the heart of real world learning, and the internationalisation of academic programmes is expected to equip learners with diverse learning styles and global citizenship skills. However, combining these two sets of educational objectives for pedagogic success is challenging, mainly because of learners’ academic, social and cultural differences. The chapter addresses this problem theoretically and with the help of three real cases drawn from the UK and Bangladesh. The cases convey the ethos and procedures for accommodating diversity, inquiry, application of learning, and cross-cultural collaboration in international educational settings. The findings suggest several practical guidelines on creating authentic and long-term learning opportunities in higher education.
Fully and semi-automated shape differentiation in NGSolve
Authors: Gangl Peter , Sturm Kevin , Neunteufel Michael , Schöberl Joachim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a framework for automated shape differentiation in the finite element software . Our approach combines the mathematical Lagrangian approach for differentiating PDE-constrained shape functions with the automated differentiation capabilities of . The user can decide which degree of automatisation is required, thus allowing for either a more custom-like or black-box–like behaviour of the software. We discuss the automatic generation of first- and second-order shape derivatives for unconstrained model problems as well as for more realistic problems that are constrained by different types of partial differential equations. We consider linear as well as nonlinear problems and also problems which are posed on surfaces. In numerical experiments, we verify the accuracy of the computed derivatives via a Taylor test. Finally, we present first- and second-order shape optimisation algorithms and illustrate them for several numerical optimisation examples ranging from nonlinear elasticity to Maxwell’s equations.
On analytical and experimental aspects of soap bubble stream charging
Authors: Pelesz Adam , Zylka Pawel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the applicability and advantages of using electrically charged soap bubbles as a route to produce fine sprays composed of highly charged particles, commonly named as electroaerosols. It is indicated that such low in energy demand process may produce very fine droplets or particulates charged to a level higher than that obtained using classical spray charging techniques, involving no bubbles. A process of a soap bubble electrical charging is thus initially studied on a simple analytical basis pointing out to a possibility of producing air bubbles with charge-to-mass (Q/m) ratio up to 60 mC/kg (constrained by the Rayleigh limit) while just 2 mC/kg is commonly considered as a threshold value for an effective particle charging process. Finite element 3D electrostatic simulation method (3D FEM) is then applied to assess a single bubble charging level achievable in a laboratory setup using a DC high-voltage biased bubble machine producing soap bubbles 23 mm in diameter on average. The 3D FEM simulation results postulate a single bubble maximum charging level approaching 25 nC at 41.5 kV charging voltage (constrained by the Rayleigh limit), corresponding to (Q/m) = 17.6 mC/kg. Finally, a stream of bubbles characterized by (Q/m) = 10.4 mC/kg was produced experimentally in the laboratory setup using a contact charging method at 40 kV DC supply. A discrepancy between 3D FEM-simulated results and experimental data was discussed on a shielding effect basis.

Graphic abstract
Closure of Petersen’s defect in gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an interrupted time series analysis from a high-volume institution in China
Authors: Pan Tao , Wang Hui , Liu Kai , Chen Xin-zu , Zhang Wei-han , Chen Xiao-long , Yang Kun , Zhang Bo , Zhou Zong-guang , Hu Jian-kun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Petersen’s hernia (PH) is a serious complication after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether closure of Petersen’s defect (PD) can decrease the rates of PH and suspected Petersen’s hernia (SPH).

Methods
Patients who underwent gastrectomy with PD were enrolled. From January 2014 to January 2017, we performed gastrectomy without PD closure (non-closure group). From February 2017 to June 2018, we closed PDs during gastrectomy (closure group). The rates of PH and SPH were compared between the two groups. The last follow-up was updated in August 2020.

Results
Among a total of 1213 patients, 12 patients (1.0%) developed PH, and 23 patients (1.9%) developed SPH. The rate of PH in the closure group was significantly lower than that in the non-closure group (1/385, 0.3% versus 11/828, 1.3%, p = 0.042, log-rank test). The rate of SPH in the closure group was significantly lower than that in the non-closure group (1/385, 0.3% versus 22/828, 2.7%, p = 0.008, log-rank test). Non-closure of PD was a risk factor for PH and SPH (odds ratio (OR) 7.72, 95% CI 1.84–32.35, p = 0.006).

Conclusions
PD closure is recommended after gastrectomy for gastric cancer, as the rates of PH and SPH were significantly decreased.
Alltagsmobilität in Kommunen zwischen Niederrhein und Ruhrgebiet. Aus welchen Gründen wird der ÖPNV nicht häufiger genutzt?
Authors: Suder Eric , Pfaffenbach Carmella 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Alltagsmobilität ist in Deutschland stark mit der Nutzung des Pkw verbunden. Nachhaltigkeitsdebatten seit den 1980er-Jahren kritisieren jedoch die Dominanz des Pkw mit Verbrennungsmotor als Verkehrsmittel. Deshalb fordert die Wissenschaft verstärkt eine Verkehrswende zu klimaneutralen Antrieben sowie eine Verlagerung des Verkehrs auf öffentliche Verkehrsmittel, das Fahrrad und das Zufußgehen. In dieser Studie liegt der Fokus auf der Frage, welche Gründe aus Sicht der befragten Haushalte gegen die Nutzung des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV), der eine zentrale Säule dieser Transformation bildet, sprechen. Mit einem Fragebogen wurde die Alltagsmobilität von mehr als 1000 Bürgerinnen und Bürgern aus 4 Kommunen der westlichen Metropole Ruhr an der Schnittstelle zum Niederrhein untersucht. Die Analysen zeigen, dass zeitliche und infrastrukturelle Argumente am häufigsten vorgebracht werden, jedoch Unterschiede zwischen den Untersuchungsgemeinden und den befragten Haushalten bestehen. Um eine von Experten geforderte Verkehrsverlagerung vom Pkw auf andere Verkehrsmittel zu erreichen, müssen der nötige Zeitaufwand, die Zuverlässigkeit, die Flexibilität und auch das Preis-Leistungs-Verhältnis im öffentlichen Verkehr verbessert werden.
Application of micro-dried droplets for quantitative analysis of particulate inorganic samples with LA-ICP-MS demonstrated on surface-modified nanoparticle TiO2 catalyst materials
Authors: Horak Felix , Nagl Andreas , Föttinger Karin , Limbeck Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA quick, flexible and reliable method was developed, based on laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), for accurate assessment of nanomaterial composition with sample amounts in the picogram to nanogram range. We demonstrate its capabilities for the analysis of surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticulate (NP) catalyst materials. For sampling, suspensions of NP were deposited on a substrate material, ablated with a pulsed laser and then analysed using quadrupole ICP-MS. The calibration and quantification approach is based on the use of so-called micro-dried droplets (μDD) as the standard material. To overcome some of the major drawbacks of conventional dried droplet approaches, self-aliquoting wells were used in this work. By mimicking the ablation conditions for the sample and standard, it was possible to create a pseudo-matrix-matched calibration, not only for this specific NP composition but also for a larger variety of samples. A commercially available reference material (AUROlite™, Strem Chemicals) was used to compare the method against established methods such as slurry analysis and microwave-assisted digestion in combination with subsequent liquid sample measurement. The results obtained with the proposed procedure (0.74%wt ± 0.13%wt) are in good agreement to a certified value (0.8%wt) and added an additional layer of information. Due to the significantly reduced sampling size in comparison with the investigated liquid measurement approaches, it was possible to obtain information about the homogeneity of the catalyst material. The results indicate that the AUROlite™ reference material has a heterogeneous loading which requires more than 300 pg of material to be used to cancel out. This was not observed for the custom materials discussed in this work.
Nanobiosensors as new diagnostic tools for SARS, MERS and COVID-19: from past to perspectives
Authors: Antiochia Riccarda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and novel coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) epidemics represent the biggest global health threats in the last two decades. These infections manifest as bronchitis, pneumonia or severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory illness. The novel coronavirus seems to be associated with milder infections but it has spread globally more rapidly becoming a pandemic. This review summarises the state of the art of nanotechnology-based affinity biosensors for SARS, MERS and COVID-19 detection. The nanobiosensors are antibody- or DNA-based biosensors with electrochemical, optical or FET-based transduction. Various kinds of nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles, nanowires and graphene, have been merged to the affinity biosensors to enhance their analytical performances. The advantages of the use of the nanomaterials are highlighted, and the results compared with those obtained using non-nanostructured biosensors. A critical comparison with conventional methods, such as RT-PCR and ELISA, is also reported. It is hoped that this review will provide interesting information for the future development of new reliable nano-based platforms for point-of-care diagnostic devices for COVID-19 prevention and control.
Redo ventral rectopexy: is it worthwhile?
Authors: Laitakari K. E. , Mäkelä-Kaikkonen J. K. , Kairaluoma M. , Junttila A. , Kössi J. , Ohtonen P. , Rautio T. T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Minimally invasive ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) is a widely used surgical treatment for posterior pelvic organ prolapse; however, evidence of the utility of revisional surgery is lacking. Our aim was to assess the technical details, safety and outcomes of redo minimally invasive VMR for patients with external rectal prolapse (ERP) recurrence or relapsed symptoms of internal rectal prolapse (IRP).

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with recurrent ERP or symptomatic IRP who underwent redo minimally invasive VMR between 2011 and 2016. The study was conducted at three hospitals in Finland. Data collected retrospectively included patient demographics, in addition to perioperative and short-term postoperative findings. At follow-up, all living patients were sent a questionnaire concerning postoperative disease-related symptoms and quality of life.

Results
A total of 43 redo minimally invasive VMR were performed during the study period. The indication for reoperation was recurrent ERP in 22 patients and relapsed symptoms of IRP in 21 patients. In most operations (62.8%), the previously used mesh was left in situ and a new one was placed. Ten (23.3%) patients experienced complications, including 2 (4.7%) mesh-related complications. The recurrence rate was 4.5% for ERP. Three patients out of 43 were reoperated on for various reasons. One patient required postoperative laparoscopic hematoma evacuation. Patients operated on for recurrent ERP seemed to benefit more from the reoperation.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive redo VMR appears to be a safe and effective procedure for treating posterior pelvic floor dysfunction with acceptable recurrence and reoperation rates.
Chronic wasting associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae in three ex situ breeding facilities for tropical frogs
Authors: Eisenberg Tobias , Fawzy Ahmad , Kaim Ute , Nesseler Anne , Riße Karin , Völker Iris , Hechinger Silke , Schauerte Nicole , Geiger Christina , Knauf-Witzens Tobias , Schwabe Ingo , Schnee Christiane , Liebler-Tenorio Elisabeth , Imirzalioglu Can , Sting Reinhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA number of different Chlamydia spp. have been detected in the class Amphibia with C. pneumoniae being the predominant species involved. Chlamydiae have been linked to mass mortality events, thereby representing significant pathogens that deserve attention with respect to worldwide amphibian decline. We here present six cases of chlamydiosis and asymptomatic chlamydial infections in different frog species from three ex situ amphibian conservation facilities. Clinical signs predominantly characterised by regurgitation, chronic wasting, lethargy and suspended breeding were associated with C. pneumoniae infection. Despite various treatment regimens, it was not possible to clear infections. However, intra vitam diagnostics succeeded from skin, faeces and urine for the first time.