bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the efficiency of gallium nitride‐based light‐emitting diodes from contact area of current spreading to electrode
Authors: Shaari Adam , Ahmad Fajri Faris Azim , Ahmad Noorden Ahmad Fakhrurrazi , Abdul Kadir Muhammad Zamzuri , Daud Suzairi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA nonuniform current spreading in the current spreader layer greatly reduced the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the light‐emitting diodes (LED). The effects of the current spreading layer on the electrode contact area toward the IQE in a vertical design of gallium nitride (GaN)‐based LED chip is analytically analyzed. The contact area was varied by changing the value of the electrode's width from 2 to 12 μm. Efficiency droop and current density at peak IQE are analyzed based on contact area. The width of 2 μm requires 1.6 μAm−2 current density to achieve peak efficiency and produces a droop of 0.2150. The width of 12 μm requires 9.6 μAm−2 current density to achieve peak efficiency and produces 0.0557 droop. The increase in contact area increases the current density needed to achieve peak IQE while decreases efficiency droop. The optimal spreader contact width of this vertical LED design is 6 μm.
miRNA repertoires of cystic fibrosis ex vivo models highlight miR‐181a and miR‐101 that regulate WISP1 expression
Authors: Pommier Alexandra , Varilh Jessica , Bleuse Solenne , Delétang Karine , Bonini Jennifer , Bergougnoux Anne , Brochiero Emmanuelle , Koenig Michel , Claustres Mireille , Taulan‐Cadars Magali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disorder, is characterized by chronic lung disease. Small non‐coding RNAs are key regulators of gene expression and participate in various processes, which are dysregulated in CF; however, they remain poorly studied. Here, we determined the complete microRNAs (miRNAs) expression pattern in three CF ex vivo models. The miRNA profiles of air–liquid interface cultures of airway epithelia (bronchi, nasal cells, and nasal polyps) samples from patients with CF and non‐CF controls were obtained by deep sequencing. Compared with non‐CF controls, several miRNAs were deregulated in CF samples; for instance, miR‐181a‐5p and the miR‐449 family were upregulated. Moreover, mature miRNAs often showed variations (i.e. isomiRs) relative to their reference sequence, such as miR‐101, suggesting that miRNAs consist of heterogeneous repertoires of multiple isoforms with different effects on gene expression. Analysis of miR‐181a‐5p and miR‐101‐3p roles indicated that they regulate the expression of WISP1, a key component of cell proliferation/migration programs. We showed that miR‐101 and miR‐181a‐5p participated in aberrant recapitulation of wound healing programs by controlling WISP1 mRNA and protein level. Our miRNA expression data bring new insights into CF physiopathology and define new potential therapeutic targets in CF. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations on the effect of hybrid carbon fillers on the thermal conductivity of glass epoxy composites
Authors: Venkataramanaiah Poornima , Aradhya Rashmi , Rajan J Sundara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced epoxy composites with alumina trihydrate, graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were fabricated by pultrusion technique and measurement of in‐plane and cross‐plane thermal conductivity and theoretical estimation of the cross‐plane thermal conductivity was undertaken. Microstructure of the composites was elucidated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and optical imaging. Highest in‐plane thermal conductivity of 1.6 W/m K was achieved with 3 wt% of graphene and 2 wt% of MWCNT, due to good interactions between the fibers, fillers, and the epoxy. In the cross‐plane direction, highest thermal conductivity of 0.58 W/m K was observed with 2 wt% each of MWCNT and graphene. The synergistic effects of the two carbon fillers are observed only when the weight percentages of the two fillers are either matched or the weight percentage of graphene is higher. Factors like dispersion, alignment, orientation, shape, and size of the fillers are critical for achieving higher thermal conductivity of the composites. The cross‐plane thermal conductivity of composites was estimated by Hashin and Clayton models and the results fit well into the experimental data. XRD analysis has established that with 2 wt% of MWCNT or its combination with 2 wt% of GNP results in better structural ordering of the composites.
Improved dispersion and physico‐mechanical properties of rubber/silica composites through new silane grafting
Authors: Das Saikat , Chattopadhyay Santanu , Dhanania Sawar , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract3‐Octanoylthio‐1‐propyltriethoxysilane (a new silane) grafted styrene butadiene rubber/ silica composites were prepared in the present work, where grafting weight percentage of the base rubber (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) and filler content of the composites (0, 5, 15, 35, and 50 phr) were varied to investigate dispersion of the filler in the rubber. A detailed quantitative study of morphology‐physical property relationship of the composites using dispersion degree parameter was carried out. Pronounced improvement of dispersion was observed with increasing grafting weight percentage of the base rubber. A mechanism of polymer to filler interaction was shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The dispersion rate constant from the torque‐time curve increased with the grafting percentage. Bound rubber content and Payne effect measurement indicated improved rubber‐filler interaction for the grafted rubber compound. A relation between low strain modulus of the composites and grafting percentage was proposed. The nanoindentation studies gave further insight into the results. Other physico‐mechanical properties at different grafting weight percentages at particular filler loading (50 phr) and at different filler loadings at a particular grafting weight percentage (4%) were evaluated. The improved mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties with increasing grafting weight percentage are an indication that this methodology could be used in green tire application.
Measurement of nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide densities by using CEAS (cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy) in nonthermal atmospheric pressure air plasma
Authors: Hong Young J. , Lim Junsup , Choi Jin S. , Weltmann Klaus D. , Choi Eun H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas are widely used in biomedicine and agriculture. Currently, radical density is used as an important parameter for the development of plasma biomedicine and agriculture. Especially, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals are significant species in these applications. These could be measured by using the cavity‐enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) technique. For the NO2 and NO radical density measurement, we used a visible LED (light‐emitting diode) of 660 nm and a mid‐infrared LD (laser diode) of 5238.6 nm, respectively. Radical densities can be calculated with the transmission ratio using Beer–Lambert law, which is obtained by the absorbed amount of laser intensity passed through the gas from the plasma jet in an optical cavity of CEAS.
Research, impact, value and library and information science (RIVAL): Development, implementation and outcomes of a Scottish network for LIS researchers and practitioners
Authors: Hall Hazel , Ryan Bruce 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe research‐practice gap in Library and Information Science (LIS) is well documented, especially in respect of the difficulties of translating research into practice, and resultant lost opportunities. While many researchers attempt to explain this research‐practice gap, few suggest strategies to address it. The creation of researcher‐practitioner networks, however, is one approach that has been proved empirically to bridge the distance between the two communities. Such a network is currently operating in Scotland, funded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Research, Impact, Value and Library and Information Science (RIVAL) is part‐way through its implementation based around four knowledge exchange events for a network membership of 32 from a wide variety of LIS sectors. RIVAL's successful delivery depends in part on the project leads' experience of undertaking, and evaluating the impact of, a UK Arts and Humanities Research Council funded grant: the Developing Research Excellence and Methods (DREaM) project. Already there are indications that RIVAL is delivering value to network members. There is a strong expectation for this to be enhanced, both in the remainder of the funding period and beyond, offering theoretical contributions to the study of social networks, especially in respect of social capital development to support knowledge exchange.
From cooperation to collaboration: Developing and implementing a research‐based framework for information organizations
Authors: Saunders Laura , Hinchliffe Lisa Janicke , Wong Melissa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInformation professionals are expected to engage in collaboration in developing and delivering programs and services, creating systems, and conducting research, as evidenced by attention to collaboration in various standards and guidelines. However, when assessed against a collaboration spectrum (Himmelman, Collaboration defined: A developmental continuum of change strategies, 2002) many existing collaborative projects lack the characteristics of an integrated partnership, meaning they may not be reaping the full benefits of collaboration, including ability to leverage each other's resources, expertise, and respective audiences. In this session, the presenters will share their Framework for Collaboration (Saunders & Corning, The Journal of Library Administration, 2020, 60), reviewing common barriers to collaboration and discussing approaches for overcoming those barriers. They will share best practices for meaningful collaboration, including identifying community needs and potential partners; aligning vision and goals; and implementing and managing a successful collaboration.
Conceptualizing and studying information creation: From production and processes to makers and making
Authors: Huvila Isto , Douglas Jennifer , Gorichanaz Tim , Koh Kyungwon , Suorsa Anna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn emerging body of literature has begun to address the earlier under‐researched topic of information creation. This panel inquires into the state‐of‐the‐art of research on information creation to highlight how different conceptualisations of information creation can foreground various key aspects of how information is made and produced, what types of actors and activities are involved, how information creation can be studied empirically, and what novel insights can be drawn to support practitioners, for instance, in information literacy instruction, information organisation and management, and information systems and services development.
Employing word mover's distance for cross‐lingual plagiarized text detection
Authors: Chang Chia‐Ming , Chang Chia‐Hsuan , Hwang San‐Yih 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile the blossom of globalization has achieved many successes, cross‐lingual plagiarism, however, has become popular. Detecting plagiarism across languages requires the capability of comparing semantical similarities between texts of different languages. Previous works rely on massive bilingual resources such as comparable corpus, parallel corpus, and even commercial machine translation as references. However, towards domain‐specific applications, collecting such resources is labor‐intensive and impractical. Also, the absence of interpretability of existing methods lead to the difficulty of investigating retrieval results by humans. Hence, it is imperative to have a resource‐light and interpretable method for cross‐lingual plagiarism detection. In this study, we propose a new detection method, called CL‐WMD, which is built upon word embedding techniques. CL‐WMD requires only a small set of translation pairs to constitute a bilingual reference and calculates semantical distances between texts by word mover's distance, which can provide explicable word alignment information between two compared text spans. Our experiments are conducted under a bilingual scientific publication corpus composed of two typologically diverse languages: English and Chinese. The results demonstrate that CL‐WMD has higher accuracy than most existing methods and achieves better or comparable performance when compared to the translation‐based method in paragraph‐level and sentence‐level plagiarism detection tasks.
Mechanical Turk or volunteer participant? Comparing the two samples in the study of intelligent personal assistants
Authors: Lopatovska Irene , Korshakova Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA challenge in academic and practitioner research is recruiting study participants that match target demographics, possess a desired skillset, and will participate for little to no compensation. An alternative to traditional participant recruitment struggles is crowdsourcing participants through online labor markets, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). AMT is a platform that provides the tool for finding and recruiting participants with diverse demographics, skills, and experiences. This paper aims to demystify the use of crowdsourcing, and particularly AMT, by comparing the performance of traditionally recruited volunteers and AMT participants on tasks related to the evaluation of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs such as Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant, Apple Siri, and Microsoft Cortana). The comparison of AMT and non‐AMT samples indicated that while the two samples differed on demographics, their task performance was not significantly different. The paper discusses the costs and benefits of using AMT samples and would be of particular relevance to researchers who employ questionnaires and/or task‐specific data collection methods in their work.
University presses' e‐book dissemination strategies for academic library customers: An exploratory study
Authors: Zhang Mei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work‐in‐progress paper examines university presses' e‐book dissemination strategies by focusing on how presses choose certain ways to distribute their e‐books to academic library customers, and the factors supporting their decisions. The study conducted five one‐on‐one interviews with employees from different university presses in the U.S. The preliminary findings reveal that although all participating university presses provided their e‐books to four main vendors, these presses adopted different strategies to distribute their e‐books to different vendors. Further, this study listed the factors affecting university presses' decision on their e‐book dissemination strategies, including increasing exposure of their e‐books, concerns about adding new vendors, and the vendors' imposition of DRM on e‐books. Then this study, by linking the findings to the framework of cultural commodity, argues that the university presses' dissemination strategies demonstrate their effort to reduce the fragility of their e‐books as a cultural commodity.
Supporting refugees by facilitating the innovation of nonprofit resettlement agencies: A case study
Authors: Freeburg Darin S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study tested the implementation of the Information for Innovation model (IIM). The IIM posits that to implement innovations and adapt to external change, nonprofits must increase both the inward and outward flow of information. This increased flow comes through experimentation, information‐seeking, and self‐expression. Over 1 year, the researcher implemented the model with a refugee resettlement nonprofit in the Southeastern U.S. A case study design was used, following the approach of Community‐Based Participatory Research (CBPR). The implementation of the IIM followed the structure of Communities of Practice (COP), and participants held several face‐to‐face meetings and engaged in virtual information‐seeking. Results show that increases in information‐seeking improved the nonprofit's confidence in its ability to manage change. Improvements in self‐expression enabled the nonprofit to benefit more fully from the diversity of existing staff. Yet, the IIM's impact on implementation was limited by lack of resources. This study contributes to literature on the expansion of Library and Information Science (LIS) into communities by proposing an evidence‐based approach to working with nonprofits. This study also contributes to literature on the role of LIS in refugee populations, suggesting that these institutions work more directly with the nonprofits whose expertise and funding most directly supports refugees.
Emotions in online debates: Tales from 4Forums and ConvinceMe
Authors: Li Jinfen , Xiao Lu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is increasingly common for people to debate over various topics through online debate forums. While it has been shown that participants' emotional states affect debate processes and outcomes, it is unknown how different types of emotions are represented in online debates and what correlations exist between the emotions and other aspects of the debates such as their debate topic. We conduct a large‐scale analysis of the emotions in two online debate forums, namely, 4Forums and ConvinceMe. Specifically, we first develop an emotion recognition algorithm that uses multiple channels BLSTM with a feedforward attention mechanism, which outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art emotion recognition algorithm. Next, we label the emotions of each comment in the selected 4Forums and ConvinceMe discussions and analyze various aspects of the emotion's influence in the online debates. We observe that certain types of emotions are more likely dependent on the debate topic, and the prevalence of different emotions is independent of the individual discussions. We also observe emotion contagion between a comment and the immediately previous comment. We investigate the emotions of different types of respondents are less likely to express joy when they disagree and more likely to express disgust when they attack or disrespect to others.
The effects of suggested tags and autocomplete features on social tagging behaviors
Authors: Holstrom Chris 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany websites employ social tagging to allow users to label and classify information. These tagging user interfaces use a variety of features to support efficient and consistent tag creation, including suggested tags and autocomplete for tags. This study uses a custom‐built tagging interface in a controlled experiment to determine how these features affect social tagging behavior. The study finds that suggested tags do not have a significant effect on the number of tags, number of unique tags, number of typos, or time elapsed per tagged provided. However, autocomplete significantly increases the number and consistency of tags provided, significantly decreases the rate of typos, and significantly decreases the elapsed time per tag provided. These findings for the autocomplete feature align with the priorities and constraints of social tagging folksonomies that support retrieval and site navigation and suggest that autocomplete is an important aid for text entry in social tagging user interfaces.
Analyzing health tweets of LGB and transgender individuals
Authors: Karami Amir , Webb Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere are millions of LGB and transgender individuals in the world. However, conducting LGBT health‐related studies are labor‐intensive and time‐consuming because of the challenges inherent in studying these hidden populations. Social media sites like Twitter provide a platform for LGBT users to share their health concerns, giving researchers the opportunity to collect and analyze these social comments. This research used a mixed method to examine the linguistic and semantic characteristics of health‐related tweets shared by self‐identified LGBT individuals. Findings uncovered several health‐related topics shared by LGBT users. Further, while LGB and transgender communities are within the LGBT umbrella, we found a significant linguistic difference between the tweets shared by LGB and transgender individuals. These findings show further disparities within an already marginalized group, indicating the need for customized healthcare to improve the health of all people. Our research approach can also inform studies in the areas of informatics, health, and medicine for analyzing the health concerns of not only sexual and gender minorities but also other hidden populations.
“Dear Amy”: Seeking support on YouTube
Authors: Salib Gabrielle , Gorichanaz Tim , Agosto Denise E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmong many other video genres, YouTube is a hub for “how‐to” videos, including advice on how to work through difficult life circumstances. For this pilot study, we investigated a sample of comments in response to two Amy Poehler's Smart Girls' “Ask Me Anything” videos. Geared toward adolescents and emerging adults, “Ask Me Anything” videos respond to viewer questions on social, personal, and professional topics, such as coping with embarrassment, worries about school exams, relationship power dynamics, and general life stress. In our analysis, we identify emerging trends in the language of viewers' response comments and investigate (a) how viewers are responding to the videos, and (b) what such responses could mean for the design of social computing systems and their use for social and emotional support. We find indications of users' emotional support seeking, evidence of adult audience members' seeking to answer younger responders' questions posted in response to the videos, and the use of epistolary forms to express perceived emotional connections with the video host. In future work, we will seek to understand what elements of the videos are invoking such personal connections and explore designs of social computing systems to better support personal connection and intergenerational support online.
Finite and infinite games: An ethnography of institutional logics in research software sustainability
Authors: Weber Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModern research is inescapably digital, with data and publications most often created, analyzed, and stored electronically, using tools and methods expressed in software. While some of this software is general‐purpose office software, a great deal of it is developed specifically for research, often by researchers themselves. Research software is essential to progress in science, engineering, and all other fields, but it is often not developed, shared, or stored in a sustainable way. The following paper presents findings from an ethnography of two research software projects that have, over the last 10 years, cooperatively organized development efforts to produce important software enabling scientific breakthroughs in both astronomy and macromolecular modeling. The work of these two projects are framed in terms of James Carse's model of finite and infinite games. I argue that by incentivizing institutional governance that resembles the design of an infinite game, funding agencies can increase the sustainability of research software and improve various aspects of data‐driven scientific discovery.
How to undertake ideologically contentious research: Leaning on reflexivity and positionality to address uncomfortable disjuncture's in information research
Authors: Oltmann Shannon M. , Barriage Sarah , Greyson Devon , Vaughn Matthew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this 40‐minute panel, four researchers who study contentious issues will discuss those topics and address how they navigate ideological disagreements with their research participants. Reflexivity and positionality are two analytical tools that are useful in this process of unpacking research. We describe these concepts and position our own research within these spaces.