bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Transfer in Cynefin Framework
Authors: Turino Harris , Santoso Adhi Setyo 
Published: December 2020

The Cynefin model (Kurtz & Snowden, 2003) is a common concept for designing the most logical response from decision-makers in certain situations. This model is general, so it can be used in several applications, such as knowledge transfer, which is the focus of this article. The author aims to describe in detail, both the characteristics of the domain and the decision-making model, with the concept of causal ambiguity (Reed & Defillippi, 1990), absorptive capacity (Zahra & George, 2002), and pragmatic view of knowledge (Carlile, 2004). One of the managers' common mistakes in managing organizational knowledge is the failure to identify situations accurately. Using the case study method, the results of this study are expected to help practitioners minimize these mistakes and determine the right decisions in forming a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). The discussion of this paper is divided into several sections; dynamics of cynefin model, absorptive capacity, pragmatic view of knowledge, integration of concepts, and conclusions.
La reforma educativa en el Perú 1972 -1975
Authors: Rojas Girón Marden 
Published: December 2020

En el siglo XIX, después de la proclamación de la independencia del Perú, fue mandato constitucional la creación de códigos y reglamentos de instrucción pública. El primer esbozo de reforma educativa fue decretado en 1850 por el gobierno de Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (1845-1851). Posteriormente se formularon más de quince reformas educativas, que simplemente fueron medidas improvisadas e inconexas, propias de gobiernos neoliberales. La mayoría se caracterizó por el empirismo, el pragmatismo, la incoherencia, la soberbia y las formas autoritarias; que no entendieron la inevitable conexión que debe existir entre la educación y la transformación social. Dos marcadas excepciones son lo que se hizo en el gobierno de José Pardo y Barreda (1904-1908) con su postulado “Escuela para todos” y en el gobierno de Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1956-1962) con Jorge Basadre Grohmann como ministro de Educación, quien realizó el primer “Inventario de la Realidad Educativa” nacional. Sin embargo, entre todos los intentos fallidos, la única reforma educativa que puede ser considerada como tal es la que estuvo a cargo del Gobierno Revolucionario de las Fuerzas Armadas (1968-1975) que presidió el General Juan Velasco Alvarado. Por primera vez en la historia del Perú, se presentó un sistema educativo al servicio de toda la población, “que llegaba hasta las grandes masas campesinas” y garantizaba la formación de un hombre nuevo para una sociedad peruana nueva, sustentada en los valores de la solidaridad, trabajo, creación, libertad auténtica y justicia social con bienestar general.
El antiguo kuracazgo de Tacna: llactas, mandones y encomenderos (siglo XVI)
Authors: Umire ALvarez Adán 
Published: December 2020

En el siglo XVI, durante el reparto de encomiendas realizado por el Marqués Francisco Pizarro, estas fueron entregadas con sus respectivos elementos productivos: la extensión de tierras y la cantidad de gente como mano de obra disponible. Esta riqueza en el kuracazgo de Tacna, de acuerdo a los antecedentes de la investigación, tuvo una estructura de gobierno en base a dos mitades: Hanansaya con su llacta Pachía y su mandón Ccata, Cata o Cato, concedida a Hernando de Torres; y Urinsaya con la llacta Tacana y su mandón Estaca o Istaca concedida a Pedro Pizarro. De una nueva aproximación a las fuentes originales, se demuestran dos aspectos importantes: que la concesión de las sayas a los encomenderos mencionados tiene un orden equivocado, y que el kuracazgo de Tacna nunca ha presentado una estructura unitaria dual andina, esta fue el resultado de una forma de gobierno impuesta por la autoridad española. Se argumenta la ausencia de la oposición dual andina hanan/urin en el valle de Tacna, por la falta de elementos Inka tangibles (estructuras domésticas, militares, religiosas). Se concluye sugiriendo que debieron existir otros sistemas de organización andina en el valle de Tacna, previo a la llegada de Inkas y españoles.
Necesidades de capacitación de los productores agrarios en el altiplano de Puno, Perú
Authors: Chaiña Chura Fermin Francisco , Inquilla Mamani Juan 
Published: December 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar y comprender las necesidades de capacitación de los productores agrarios en el altiplano, centro poblado de Santa Bárbara de Moro del distrito de Paucarcolla Puno, Perú. La hipótesis de la investigación fue: “las variables socioeconómicas tienen relación con las necesidades de capacitación”; bajo un diseño de investigación correlacional y explicativo. Se utilizó el procedimiento metodológico cuantitativo, mediante la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento del cuestionario, aplicado a 85 jefes de familia de una población de 108 familias, complementado con la observación directa. Los principales resultados fueron: los factores socioeconómicos tienen relación diferenciada con la demanda de capacitación; el 7.1 % de jefes de familia requieren capacitación en temas de agricultura, conservación de suelos, medio ambiente y riego tecnificado; el 5.9 %, en producción agropecuaria; el 16.5 %, 5.9 %, 8.2 %, 11.8 %, 15.3 %, 9.4 % en temas de ganadería, manejo, alimentación, sanidad, mejoramiento y derivados lácteos respectivamente; el 2.4% de jefes de familia en artesanía; el 3.5% en temas de mercado y red vial; el 1.2% en temas de salud y alimentación humana, similar proporción en liderazgo.
EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DAS ATIVIDADES PROPOSTAS NO LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE MATEMÁTICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO DA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS
Authors: Silva Maria Manuela Figuerêdo , Selva Ana Coêlho Vieira 
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar como as atividades propostas no livro didático de Matemática do Ensino Médio da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), aprovado pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático - PNLD/2014, abordam a Educação Financeira (EF). Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram: análise do livro do aluno e do manual do professor. Foramanalisadas: a frequência de atividades com potencial para discutir Educação Financeira, os conteúdos matemáticos presentes nestas atividades, as temáticas evidenciadas nas situações, o tipo de atividade de acordo com os ambientes de aprendizagem de Skovsmose (2000) e a descrição das orientações presentes no manual do educador para as atividades. Os resultados indicaram que embora o livro não apresente um capítulo específico para Educação Financeira, foram identificadas nove atividades compotencial para discutir a temática. Observou-se uma estreita relação com os conteúdos de Matemática, uma vez que a maioria das atividades com potencial para EF solicitam o uso do cálculo numérico. Em relação às temáticas, identificamos três: tomada de decisão, produtos financeiros e administração pública. Por fim, sobre os ambientes de aprendizagem de Skovsmose (2000), percebemos uma forte presença de Ambientes do tipo (3), isto é, atividades que faziam referência à semirrealidade naperspectiva de lista de exercícios. Estes dados mostram que a proposta de Educação Financeira nos livros didáticos da EJA ainda é bastante limitada, sendo de extrema importância a formação deprofessores contribuindo para que o professor enriqueça as discussões com temáticas variadas e atividades contextualizadas que propiciem a reflexão do estudante.
FRAÇÕES NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: O QUE REVELAM AS PESQUISAS PUBLICADAS NO BRASIL DE 2013 A 2019
Authors: Scheffer Nilce Fátima , Powell Arthur Belford 
Published: December 2020

Melhorar o desempenho em matemática nas escolas de Educação Básica depende principalmente da compreensão e proficiência dos alunos com números racionais, especialmente frações. O que revelam as pesquisas sobre o ensino e aprendizagem de frações? Para aprender frações, qual o papel das representações gráficas, dos materiais manipulativos e das tecnologias digitais? O estudo explora estas questões através da análise de dissertações, teses e artigos brasileiros publicados de 2013 a 2019, os quais investigam o conhecimento de frações na educação básica. Esta investigaçãoutilizou a análise qualitativa e documental para organizar e categorizar dados de uma amostra de 56 estudos. Os resultados indicam que as dissertações, teses e artigos relatam reflexões práticas e teóricas sobre processos cognitivos, interpretações semânticas e abordagens pedagógicas com diferentes materiais manipulativos e digitais relacionados ao conhecimento da fração. Além disso, as dissertações, teses e artigos oferecem propostas instrucionais que enfatizam as interpretações de partetodo,de medida e de magnitude para frações.
PERSPECTIVAS TEÓRICAS DE FORMAÇÃO, SABERES E IDENTIDADE PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE PRESENTES EM PESQUISAS SOBRE O PROFESSOR QUE ENSINA MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Melo Carlos Ian Bezerra de , Ferreira José dos Santos , Sousa Ana Cláudia Gouveia de , Barreto Marcília Chagas 
Published: December 2020

As pesquisas em Educação Matemática têm se voltado cada vez mais para a formação do professor que ensina Matemática, e para temáticas emergentes nesse campo, como, por exemplo, aidentidade profissional e os saberes docentes. Assim, este estudo objetiva identificar os aportes teóricos específicos acerca da formação docente utilizados em pesquisas educacionais que abordam saberes e identidade profissional do professor que ensina Matemática. Para tanto, busca responder às seguintes questões: que perspectivas teóricas e abordagens são empregadas? Como é abordada a formação docente? Que resultados são evidenciados nas pesquisas? Metodologicamente, utilizou-se a pesquisa do tipo Estado da Questão, investigando dissertações e teses em bases de dados brasileiras. Os resultados revelam a necessidade de maior fundamentação teórica acerca dos conceitos e discussões em torno da área de formação docente, bem como de maior articulação entre as categorias identidade profissional docente e formação de professores nas pesquisas investigadas. Aponta-se, ainda, a coerência e consistência de fundamentação teórica em se tratando do tópico saberes da docência.
Coronary Artery Calcification Under Statin Therapy and Its Effect on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lai Runmin , Ju Jianqing , Lin Qian , Xu Hao 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare Agatston scores between patients without statin therapy and those under standard and intensive statin therapy and to systematically review the relationship between coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression under statin therapy and cardiovascular outcomes.Methods: Literature search was conducted across databases. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies that reported Agatston scores at baseline and follow-up from patients with and without statin therapy were included. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.Results: Seven studies were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses. Agatston scores in all groups were increased at follow-up. Meta-analysis of data from the included studies revealed an insignificantly lower CAC score at follow-up in the experimental groups. Subgroup analysis showed that statins slowed down CAC progression mildly but with statistical significance in population with baseline CAC score &gt;400 in the experimental groups (P = 0.009). Despite that calcification progressors had worse cardiovascular outcome than did non-progressors, it appeared that baseline CAC score had more decisive effects on cardiovascular outcomes. CAC progression under statin therapy did not increase cardiovascular risk, although more supportive data are needed.Conclusion: Statins do not reduce or enhance CAC as measured by Agatston score in asymptomatic populations at high risk of cardiovascular diseases, but seem to slow down CAC progression. Although our result was robust, it was restricted by small sample size and relatively short follow-up period. Further studies on the relationship between CAC progression under statin therapy and cardiovascular outcomes are needed.
The Bayesian Additive Regression Trees Formula for Safe Machine Learning-Based Intraocular Lens Predictions
Authors: Clarke Gerald P. , Kapelner Adam 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Our work introduces a highly accurate, safe, and sufficiently explicable machine-learning (artificial intelligence) model of intraocular lens power (IOL) translating into better post-surgical outcomes for patients with cataracts. We also demonstrate its improved predictive accuracy over previous formulas.Methods: We collected retrospective eye measurement data on 5,331 eyes from 3,276 patients across multiple centers who received a lens implantation during cataract surgery. The dependent measure is the post-operative manifest spherical equivalent error from intended and the independent variables are the patient- and eye-specific characteristics. This dataset was split so that one subset was for formula construction and the other for validating our new formula. Data excluded fellow eyes, so as not to confound the prediction with bilateral eyes.Results: Our formula is three times more precise than reported studies with a median absolute IOL error of 0.204 diopters (D). When converted to absolute predictive refraction errors on the cornea, the median error is 0.137 D which is close to the IOL manufacturer tolerance. These estimates are validated out-of-sample and thus are expected to reflect the future performance of our prediction formula, especially since our data were collected from a wide variety of patients, clinics, and manufacturers.Conclusion: The increased precision of IOL power calculations has the potential to optimize patient positive refractive outcomes. Our model also provides uncertainty plots that can be used in tandem with the clinician’s expertise and previous formula output, further enhancing the safety.Translational relavance: Our new machine learning process has the potential to significantly improve patient IOL refractive outcomes safely.
Archaean Plate Tectonics in the North Atlantic Craton of West Greenland Revealed by Well-Exposed Horizontal Crustal Tectonics, Island Arcs and Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite Complexes
Authors: Garde Adam Andreas , Windley Brian Frederick , Kokfelt Thomas Find , Keulen Nynke 
Published: December 2020

The 700 km-long North Atlantic Craton (NAC) in West Greenland is arguably the best exposed and most continuous section of Eo-to Neoarchaean crust on Earth. This allows a close and essential correlation between geochemical and isotopic data and primary, well-defined and well-studied geological relationships. The NAC is therefore an excellent and unsurpassed stage for the ongoing controversial discussion about uniformitarian versus non-uniformitarian crustal evolution in the Archaean. The latest research on the geochemistry, structural style, and Hf isotope geochemistry of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) complexes and their intercalated mafic to intermediate volcanic belts strongly supports previous conclusions that the NAC formed by modern-style plate tectonic processes with slab melting of wet basaltic oceanic crust in island arcs and active continental margins. New studies of the lateral tectonic convergence and collision between juvenile belts in the NAC corroborate this interpretation. Nevertheless, it has repeatedly been hypothesised that the Earth’s crust did not develop by modern-style, subhorizontal plate tectonics before 3.0 Ga, but by vertical processes such as crustal sinking and sagduction, and granitic diapirism with associated dome-and-keel structures. Many of these models are based on supposed inverted crustal density relations, with upper Archaean crust dominated by heavy mafic ridge-lavas and island arcs, and lower Archaean crust mostly consisting of felsic, supposedly buoyant TTGs. Some of them stem from older investigations of upper-crustal Archaean greenstone belts particularly in the Dharwar craton, the Slave and Superior provinces and the Barberton belt. These interpreted interactions between these upper and lower crustal rocks are based on the apparent down-dragged greenstone belts that wrap around diapiric granites. However, in the lower crustal section of the NAC, there is no evidence of any low-density granitic diapirs or heavy, downsagged or sagducted greenstone belts. Instead, the NAC contains well-exposed belts of upper crustal, arc-dominant greenstone belts imbricated and intercalated by well-defined thrusts with the protoliths of the now high-grade TTG gneisses, followed by crustal shortening mainly by folding. This shows us that the upper and lower Archaean crustal components did not interact by vertical diapirism, but by subhorizontal inter-thrusting and folding in an ambient, mainly convergent plate tectonic regime.
Quality of Life in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Parkin-Related Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zhou Xin-Yue , Liu Feng-Tao , Chen Chen , Luo Su-Shan , Zhao Jue , Tang Yi-Lin , Shen Bo , Yu Wen-Bo , Zuo Chuan-Tao , Wu Jian-Jun , Ding Zheng-Tong , Wang Jian , Sun Yi-Min 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Mutations in the Parkin gene are the most common cause of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about the quality of life (QoL) in Parkin-related PD. Here, we investigated the patterns of QoL in newly diagnosed Parkin-related PD patients.Methods: Newly diagnosed PD patients (diagnosis made within 12 months) who had an age of onset (AOO) below 40 and underwent a PD-related genetic testing, were recruited (n = 148). Among them, 24 patients carried bi-allelic variants in Parkin (PD-Parkin) and 24 patients did not have any known causative PD mutations, or risk variants (GU-EOPD). The clinical materials, relevant factors and determinants of QoL were analyzed.Results: PD-Parkin patients had a younger AOO (p = 0.003) and longer disease duration (p = 0.005). After adjustment for AOO and disease duration, more dystonia (p = 0.034), and worse scores of non-motor symptoms including Beck depression inventory (BDI, p = 0.035), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS, p = 0.044), and subdomains of depression/anxiety (p = 0.015) and sleep disorders (p = 0.005) in Non-motor symptoms questionnaire, were found in PD-Parkin comparing with GU-EOPD. PD-Parkin patients had poorer QoL (adjusted p = 0.045), especially in the mobility (adjusted p = 0.025), emotional well-being (adjusted p = 0.015) and bodily discomfort dimensions (adjusted p = 0.016). BDI scores (p = 0.005) and ESS scores (p = 0.047) were significant determinants of QoL in PD-Parkin.Conclusion: Newly diagnosed PD-Parkin patients showed worse QoL. More depression and excessive daytime sleepiness predicted worse QoL. For clinicians, management of depression and excessive daytime sleepiness is suggested to better improve QoL in patients with Parkin mutations.
Who Should Rather Undergo Transesophageal Echocardiography to Determine Stroke Etiology: Young or Elderly Stroke Patients?
Authors: Strecker Christoph , Günther Felix , Harloff Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The indication of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in acute stroke is unclear. Thus, we systematically studied the impact of TEE on determining stroke etiology and secondary prevention in patients of different age-groups with cryptogenic stroke.Methods: Four hundred and eighty five consecutive patients with acute retinal or cerebral ischemia were prospectively included and underwent routine stroke workup including TEE. Stroke etiology was identified according to the TOAST classification and patients were divided in those with determined and cryptogenic stroke etiology without TEE results. Then, the frequency of high- and potential-risk sources in TEE was evaluated in &lt;55, 55–74, and ≥75 year-old patients with cryptogenic stroke etiology.Results: Without TEE, stroke etiology was cryptogenic in 329(67.8%) patients and TEE determined possible etiology in 158(48.4%) of them. In patients aged &lt;55, 55–74, ≥75, TEE detected aortic arch plaques ≥4 mm thickness in 2(1.2%), 37(23.0%), and 33(40.2%) and plaques with superimposed thrombi in 0(0.0%), 5(3.1%), and 7(8.5%); left atrial appendage peak emptying flow velocity ≤30cm/s in 0(0.0%), 1(0.6%), and 2(2.4%), spontaneous echo contrast in 0(0.0%), 1(0.6%), and 6(7.3%), endocarditis in 0(0.0%), 0(0.0%), and 1(1.2%) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) plus atrial septum aneurysm (ASA) in 18(20.9%), 32(19.9%), and 14(17.1%), respectively. TEE changed secondary prevention in 16.4% of these patients following guidelines of 2010/11 and still 9.4% when applying the guidelines of 2020.Conclusions: TEE was highly valuable for determining stroke etiology and influenced individual secondary prevention based on available treatment guidelines and expert opinion in most cases. In young patients the impact of TEE was limited to the detection of septal anomalies. By contrast, in older patients TEE detected high numbers of complex aortic atheroma and potential indicators of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Poor Bone Quality in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Caplliure-Llopis Jordi , Escrivá Dolores , Benlloch María , de la Rubia Ortí José Enrique , Estrela José María , Barrios Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Musculoskeletal functional deterioration in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is associated with an increase in bone fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of sex, ALS type, on bone quality in patients with ALS compared to healthy controls. The impact on bone health of the clinical status and some metabolic parameters was also analyzed in ALS patients.Methods: A series of 33 voluntary patients with ALS, and 66 healthy individuals matched in sex and age underwent assessment of bone mass quality using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneus. Ultrasonic broadband attenuation (BUA), the speed of sound (SOS), stiffness index and T-score were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was estimated using standard equations. Apart from fat and muscle mass percentage determinations, clinical baseline measures in ALS patients included ALSFRS-R score, Barthel index for activities of daily living, pulmonary function measured using FVC, and muscular strength assessed by a modified MRC grading scale. Laboratory tests included serum calcium, 25-HO-cholecalciferol (Vitamin D), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), T4 and TSH.Results: All bone parameters evaluated were statistically significant lower in ALS patients than in healthy controls. ALS females showed significantly lower bone parameters than healthy females. According to the estimated BMD, there were 25 ALS patients (75.8%) and 36 (54.5%) healthy individuals showing an osteoporotic profile (BMD &lt;0.700 g/cm2). Only 16.7% of the ALS females had T-scores indicative of healthy bones. There was no correlation between any of the clinical parameters analyzed and the bone QUS measurements. Vitamin D and TSH levels positively correlated with all the bone parameters.Conclusions: This study confirms that ALS patients, particularly females, exhibited deteriorated bone health as compared to healthy individuals. These structural bone changes were independent of ALS subtype and clinical status. Bone health in ALS patients seems to be related to certain metabolic parameters such as Vitamin D and TSH levels.