bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid hemostasis by nanofibers of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate/polyglycerol sebacic acid: An in vitro / in vivo study
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Choopannejad Zahra , Minaiyan Mohsen , Kharazi Anousheh Zargar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPorous nanofibers were prepared from a combination of polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) and polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) and loaded with tranexamic acid (TA) using the electrospinning method. The nanofibers were optimized for their morphology, diameter size, porosity, TA loading, release profile and mechanical behavior. Their cytotoxicity was studied based on 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on L929 cells. The hemostasis control on a tail‐cut model in rats was investigated. The best formulation contained 35% of the total polymers, 20% PGS and 10% TA in proportion to the total polymer quantity. These nanofibers had 64% porosity, 8.59% water sorption and 1.47% weight loss after 28 days with no cytotoxicity on the L929 cells. TA loaded nanofibers showed significantly less bleeding volume compared to the other groups, but no significant difference in bleeding time was seen with the blank nanofibers. In other words, the blank nanofibers alone had a hemostatic effect. TA loaded nanofibers were effective in bleeding control and hemorrhagic situations by reducing bleeding time and volume.
How geometry, size, and surface properties of tailor‐made particles control the efficiency of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites
Authors: Sadat‐Shojai Mehdi , Moghaddas Hassanali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBioactive calcium phosphate nanoparticles as reinforcing filler have widely been used to produce polymer nanocomposite scaffolds suitable for application in bone tissue engineering; however, no study has investigated the effect of geometry, size, and surface properties of these nanoparticles on physical and mechanical behavior of scaffolds. This study was therefore devoted to determine how the critical features of the reinforcing nanoparticles could tailor the efficiency of polymeric nanocomposites. For this, we developed fibrous nanocomposite systems in which poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate), PHBV, was combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles having different sizes, geometries, surface chemical groups, and concentrations. The results showed that critical properties could be controlled by incorporating appropriate amounts of nanoparticles with a specific geometry and surface properties. It was also seen that the tensile modulus of fibrous nanocomposite increased from 77 MPa for neat PHBV to about 161 MPa for the nanocomposites containing 15 wt% surface‐modified nanoparticles with elongated morphology.
Using the teaching interaction procedure to train interventionists to implement the Cool versus Not CoolTM procedure
Authors: Ferguson Julia L. , Milne Christine M. , Cihon Joseph H. , Leaf Justin B. , McEachin John , Leaf Ronald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe teaching interaction procedure is a behavior analytic procedure that has been used to target the development of social skills. The teaching interaction procedure consists of labeling the target skill, providing a meaningful rationale, describing the steps of the target skill, modeling the skill, role‐play, and providing feedback throughout the interaction. Although the teaching interaction procedure has been used to teach a variety of social skills for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it has only been used to train staff in two studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the teaching interaction procedure to teach three interventionists to implement the Cool versus Not Cool™ procedure to target the development of social skills for children diagnosed with ASD. The results of a multiple baseline design demonstrated that the teaching interaction procedure was effective for all three interventionists. Results of the child participants' skill acquisition are also provided.
Association of an anaplastic lymphoma kinase pathway signature with cell de‐differentiation, neoadjuvant chemotherapy response, and recurrence risk in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Dingxie , Wu Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAberrant activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) signaling has been found to be involved in the tumorigenesis of multiple types of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.MethodsAn ALK pathway signature that we generated previously was used to compute the ALK pathway activity in 6381 breast cancer samples from 42 microarray datasets, and the associations between ALK pathway signature score and clinical variables were examined using logistic regression and survival analyses.ResultsOur results indicated that high ALK pathway activity was a significant risk factor for hormone receptor‐negative, high‐grade breast cancer in the 42 datasets. ALK pathway activity was positively associated with pathological complete response (pCR) in 15 datasets annotated with patient's neoadjuvant chemotherapy response information (overall odds ratio = 1.67, P < 0.01), and this association was more significant in HER2‐negative and grade 1&2 tumors than in HER2‐positive and grade 3 tumors. ALK pathway activity was also positively associated with recurrence risk in breast cancer patients from 30 datasets annotated with survival information (overall hazard ratio = 1.21, P < 0.01), particularly in patients with age > 50 years old, with positive lymph nodes, or with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionsALK may be involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis, and ALK pathway signature score may serve as a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
Continued smoking in African American cancer survivors: The Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors Cohort
Authors: Malburg Carly M. , Fucinari Juliana , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Ledgerwood David M. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schwartz Ann G. , Cote Michele L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTobacco cessation among those recently diagnosed with cancer is important to improve their prognosis, yet, many cancer survivors continue to smoke. The epidemiology of tobacco use differs by race and ethnicity, and limited cessation research has been conducted in African American (AA) populations. Here, we assess demographic and clinical variables associated with continued smoking in AAs after a cancer diagnosis. The Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors study is a cohort comprised of AA cancer survivors with breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers. Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors data were utilized from survivors who completed their baseline survey within 18 months of cancer diagnosis (n = 1145); 18% (n = 356) reported smoking at the time of cancer diagnosis, and 57% of these (n = 203) continued to smoke after their diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to assess factors associated with continued smoking. Living with a smoker (odds ratio [OR] = 2.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64, 4.70), higher cumulative years of smoking (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05, for each year), and a prostate cancer diagnosis (OR = 7.35, 95% CI: 3.89, 13.89) were all associated with increased odds of continued smoking. Survivors with higher social well‐being scores (measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy, a quality of life assessment) were more likely to quit smoking after diagnosis (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.00). These findings highlight the continued need for personalized cessation strategies to be incorporated into treatment plans for cancer survivors.
Refeeding syndrome in a 12‐year‐old girl with distal renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Sasaki Yoshiaki , Akaba Yuichi , Kajino Hiroki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDistal renal tubular acidosis is a risk factor for refeeding syndrome. Frequent measurement of serum phosphorus levels at the initiation of nutrition and rapid administration of phosphate preparations are required to prevent organ failure.
In Situ Mass Spectrometric and Kinetic Investigations of Soai's Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Lamour Saskia , Maier Frank , Siegle Alexander F. , Zawatzky Kerstin , Straub Bernd F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemical reactions that lead to a spontaneous symmetry breaking or amplification of the enantiomeric excess are of fundamental interest in explaining the formation of a homochiral world. An outstanding example is Soai's asymmetric autocatalysis, in which small enantiomeric excesses of the added product alcohol are amplified in the reaction of diisopropylzinc and pyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehydes. The exact mechanism is still in dispute due to complex reaction equilibria and elusive intermediates. In situ high‐resolution mass spectrometric measurements, detailed kinetic analyses and doping with in situ reacting reaction mixtures show the transient formation of hemiacetal complexes, which can establish an autocatalytic cycle. We propose a mechanism that explains the autocatalytic amplification involving these hemiacetal complexes. Comprehensive kinetic experiments and modelling of the hemiacetal formation and the Soai reaction allow the precise prediction of the reaction progress, the enantiomeric excess as well as the enantiomeric excess dependent time shift in the induction period. Experimental structural data give insights into the privileged properties of the pyrimidyl units and the formation of diastereomeric structures leading to an efficient amplification of even minimal enantiomeric excesses, respectively.
Aberrantly activated Wnt/β‐catenin pathway co‐receptors LRP5 and LRP6 regulate osteoblast differentiation in the developing coronal sutures of an Apert syndrome (Fgfr2S252W/+) mouse model
Authors: Min Swe Nay Myo , Kobayashi Yukiho , Kamimoto Hiroyuki , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundApert syndrome is an autosomal, dominant inherited disorder characterized by craniosynostosis and syndactyly caused by gain‐of‐function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays critical roles in regulating the skeletal development. Here, we analyzed the role of this pathway in the developing coronal sutures (CS) of a murine Apert syndrome model (Fgfr2S252W/+).ResultsWe observed aberrantly increased mRNA expression of Lrp5 and Lrp6 in CS of Fgfr2S252W/+ mice, whereas both wild type (WT) and Fgfr2S252W/+ mice showed similar expression of other Wnt/β‐catenin‐related genes, such as Wnt3, Wnt3a, Fzd4, Fzd6, Axin2, and Dkk1 as evidenced by in situ hybridization. Significantly increased Lrp5 and Lrp6 mRNA expression was observed by quantitative PCR analysis of cultured cells isolated from CS of Fgfr2S252W/+ mice. Phospho‐LRP5, phospho‐LRP6, and non‐phospho‐β‐catenin were upregulated in Fgfr2S252W/+ CS compared with that in WT CS. Short‐interfering RNA targeting Lrp5 and Lrp6 significantly reduced runt‐related transcription factor 2, collagen type 1 alpha 1, and osteocalcin mRNA expression, and alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured cells.ConclusionsThe Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was activated in the CS of Fgfr2S252W/+ mice during craniofacial development, suggesting the involvement of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in the pathogenesis of CS synostosis in Fgfr2S252W/+ mice.
Does the use of biological traits predict a smooth landscape of ecosystem functioning?
Authors: Gammal Johanna , Hewitt Judi , Norkko Joanna , Norkko Alf , Thrush Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe biodiversity crisis has increased interest in understanding the role of biodiversity for ecosystem functioning. Functional traits are often used to infer ecosystem functions to increase our understanding of these relationships over larger spatial scales. The links between specific traits and ecosystem functioning are, however, not always well established. We investigated how the choice of analyzing either individual species, selected modalities, or trait combinations affected the spatial patterns observed on a sandflat and how this was related to the natural variability in ecosystem functioning. A large dataset of 400 benthic macrofauna samples was used to explore distribution patterns. We hypothesized that (1) if multiple species (redundancy) represent a trait combination or a modality their spatial patterns would be smoothed out, and (2) the lost spatial variability within a trait combination or modality, due to the smoothing effect, would potentially affect their utility for predicting ecosystem functioning (tested on a dataset of 24 samples). We predicted that species would show heterogeneous small spatial patterns, while modalities and trait combinations would show larger and more homogeneous patterns because they would represent a collection of many distributions. If modalities and trait combinations are better predictors of ecosystem functioning than species, then the smoother spatial patterns of modalities and trait combinations would result in a more homogeneous landscape of ecosystem function and the number of species exhibiting specific traits would provide functional redundancy. Our results showed some smoothing of spatial patterns progressing from species through modalities to trait combinations, but generally spatial patterns reflected a few dominant key species. Moreover, some individual modalities and species explained more or equal proportions of the variance in the ecosystem functioning than the combined traits. The findings thus suggest that only some spatial variability is lost when species are combined into modalities and trait combinations and that a homogeneous landscape of ecosystem function is not likely.
Cognitive performance is associated with worse prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Fino Patrícia , Sousa Rita Matos , Carvalho Renata , Sousa Nuno , Almeida Filipa , Pereira Vítor Hugo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple comorbidities. Cognitive impairment, stress, anxiety, depression, and lower quality of life are prevalent in HF. Herein, we explore the interplay between these parameters and study their value to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction using guideline recommended assessment tools.Methods and resultsWe conducted a longitudinal study using a sample of 65 patients from two hospitals. A battery of tests was applied to assess cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], stress (Perceived Stress Scale‐10), anxiety, and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) at baseline. MACEs were registered using clinical records. HrQoL was estimated using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, and multiple linear and Cox regression models conducted to determine the predictive value of neurocognitive parameters and HrQoL in MACE. Both MoCA [hazard ratio = 0.906 (0.829–0.990); P = 0.029] and KCCQ scores were predictors of MACE, but not of overall mortality. Anxiety, depression, and stress scores did not predict MACE. However, anxiety (β = −0.326; P = 0.012) and depression levels (β = −0.309; P = 0.014) were independent predictors of the KCCQ score.ConclusionsThe MoCA score and HrQoL were predictors of MACE‐free survival. Anxiety and depression were good predictors of HrQoL, but not of MACE‐free survival.
Geoarchaeology and the search for the first North Americans
Authors: Holliday Vance T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Earth sciences have played a key role in understanding the origins and subsequent development of the first American cultures (“Paleoindians”), a broad and often contentious topic in archaeology. Geoarchaeological approaches used to understand the peopling of North America are equally broad at a range of spatial scales. At subcontinental scales, geoarchaeological research revolves around lowered seas levels and fluctuating glacier margins. Modeling sea‐level changes and the high‐precision dating of ice retreat over Canada is helping to understand the environmental conditions, route(s), and timing of the earliest human entry into and colonization of North America. Stratigraphy, a fundamental principle in both archaeology and geology, first established the antiquity and chronology of the earliest artifact assemblages by demonstrating clear association of artifacts and Pleistocene fauna. Many Paleoindian sites also yielded stratigraphic records with evidence of markedly different depositional environments in the past. The ancient fauna and the striking contrasts between past and present depositional environments has long attracted the attention of archaeologists and Earth scientists alike because of the paleoenvironmental implications. Reconstructing the evolution of paleo‐lakes and paleo‐wetlands is aiding in the understanding of ancient landscapes and their evolution. These landscape‐scale studies and micromorphology also provide insights into Paleoindian subsistence.
Long‐term survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after bone marrow transplant
Authors: Douglas Catriona M. , Jethwa Ashock R. , Hasan Wael , Liu Amy , Gilbert Ralph , Goldstein David , De Almedia John , Lipton Jeff , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe risk of developing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in patients with graft versus host disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplant (BMT) is well established but large series reporting outcomes are sparse.MethodsRetrospective, single institution, study of patients with GVHD and HNSCC after BMT, between January 1, 1968, and June 30, 2016.ResultsIn total, 25 patients were studied, of which 21 (84%) were male and 4 (16%) were female. Mean age for BMT was 41 (18‐65) years. All patients developed GVHD, most common site was oral cavity (19 patients, 76%). Mean age for diagnosis of HNSCC was 52 (28‐76) years. Mean time between BMT and diagnosis of HNSCC was 12 (2‐13) years. The 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 61.4%, 5‐year PFS was 56.7%. The 2‐year overall survival (OS) was 82.8%, 5‐year OS was 68.7%.ConclusionHNSCC can develop many years after BMT in patients without the classic risk factors for head and neck cancer. The majority were seen with oral cancer and with early‐stage disease likely due to active surveillance and early detection in this patient population.
Combining T‐cell‐based immunotherapy with venetoclax elicits synergistic cytotoxicity to B‐cell lines in vitro
Authors: Murakami Satsuki , Suzuki Susumu , Hanamura Ichiro , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Ueda Ryuzo , Seto Masao , Takami Akiyoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlterations of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) family proteins contribute to the survival of B‐cell malignancies. Recently, venetoclax, a BCL‐2 inhibitor, was approved for B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia therapy and is being investigated in clinical trials for a variety of hematologic cell malignancies. Furthermore, combination therapy with other molecularly targeted drugs was reported to be more effective than monotherapy. However, combining venetoclax with immunotherapy based on T‐cells has not been tested. Because both venetoclax and granzyme B activate the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by targeting different BCL‐2 family molecules, it is possible that combinations of venetoclax with immunotherapy will be effective treatments. We examined the effect of combining venetoclax with immunotherapy using an in vitro model system involving cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 antigen‐specific cytotoxic T‐cells (CMV‐CTLs) as the effector cells and CMVpp65 antigen‐expressing B‐cell lines as the target cells. Cytotoxicity of CMV‐CTLs to the target B‐cell lines was enhanced by venetoclax with combination index values of 0.47–0.83. This suggests that venetoclax synergizes with T‐cell‐based immunotherapy to affect B‐cell malignancies. Interestingly, venetoclax synergized not only with antigen‐specific cytotoxicity but also with nonspecific cytotoxicity. Importantly, CMV‐CTLs could be expanded in the presence of venetoclax at the maximum concentration (5 μM) that induced apoptosis in resting CMV‐CTLs. B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large (BCL‐xL) expression in CMV‐CTLs increased transiently after activation by CMVpp65‐transfected B‐cell lines, indicating that the expression of BCL‐xL was important for the effectiveness of combination treatment with venetoclax. These findings suggest that T‐cell‐based immunotherapy combined with venetoclax is effective against B‐cell malignancies.
The relation between pretence and emergent executive functioning in toddlers
Authors: Van Reet Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere has long been a hypothesized link between pretend play and self‐regulation in childhood, and several recent studies have confirmed a positive relation between the two in children as young as preschool‐age. However, no research to date has investigated whether this relation is present in toddlerhood. The purpose of the present study is to explore whether toddlers' pretence is correlated with emerging executive function skills. Age‐appropriate measures of comprehension of pretence, working memory, and inhibitory control were administered to 86 toddlers. The results show that, after controlling for age, comprehension of pretence was positively correlated to delay of gratification, but not working memory or conflict inhibitory control. These data are the first to demonstrate a positive correlation between pretence and delay inhibitory control in children younger than 3 years old. Implications of these findings for the possible role of inhibitory control in the development of the ability to represent pretend actions are discussed.Highlights
A relation between pretence and executive function is established in preschoolers, but it is unknown whether it exists in toddlers.
Toddlers completed working memory, inhibitory control, and pretence tasks.
After controlling for age, pretence was positively related to delaying gratification, but not conflict inhibitory control or working memory.
Government debt expansion and stock returns
Authors: Wisniewski Tomasz Piotr , Jackson Peter M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing an international data set, this article documents a negative association between increases in the central government debt‐to‐GDP ratio and dollar‐denominated stock index returns. Depending on the estimation method, raising the debt ratio by 1 percentage point diminishes the stock returns by between 39 and 95 basis points. We show that this result cannot be explained by changes in the investment risk. Instead, government debt issuance exerts upward pressure on private interest rates and appears to signal a greater tax burden in the future. These two factors coincide to produce a fall in stock market prices.
Dominant bank oligopoly and economic stability
Authors: Soldatos Gerasimos T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article demonstrates that the market share of a dominant bank and hence, of the associated competitive fringe, namely of the smaller price‐taking banks in the same market, will be stable if fringe size is the same as under perfect competition. One interesting implication of this conclusion is that the empirical evidence about the stability of market shares implies the optimality of the number of small banks in the loan market; it points to what perfect competition entails in practice insofar as the banking system is concerned. It follows that if the fringe is to serve as a transmission channel of monetary policy, a prudential policy targeting the large bank(s) will also be necessary in order to preserve market structure. Analytically, market shares are determined endogenously within a theoretical framework that combines the textbook modelling of dominant firm oligopoly with an inter‐temporal utility for the bank depositor.