bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public good, collective action and financial regulation
Authors: Ülgen Faruk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe economy‐wide liberalization reforms implemented from the 1980s onwards in major capitalist economies had deep impact on financial markets. Public financial regulation has been replaced by self‐regulation, financial innovations proliferated and gave rise to many diversified and complex speculative operations that financialized most economic decisions and actions. Recurrent instabilities and crises became common ground in advanced as well as in emerging market economies and converged on the global systemic crisis in 2007–08, notwithstanding the efficient market doctrine that kept supporting financial liberalization. This crisis raised concerns about the relevance of market‐based financial regulation with regard to the systemic viability of capitalist economies and brought forward the central role of financial regulatory framework in the sustainable working of open societies. This article considers financial stability as a collective action problem through the lens of the literature on the commons and public goods. It seeks to contribute to the development of a relevant paradigm of collective action in the provision of a particular public good, financial stability, through a particular public action, financial regulation. After recalling the broad outlines of the evolution of financial markets and the institutional environment in the last decades, the monetary and financial characteristics of a capitalist economy are presented. The monetary and financial structure turns out to be a public infrastructure. The criticalness of financial transactions for the whole economic society together with the non‐rivalrousness and non‐excludability of financial stability determine the very publicness of the latter. The continuity of financial relations fundamentally needs a viable financial system. However, this is a complex issue as it falls into the classical opposition “private vs public” and calls for a collective action framework consistent with the characteristics of a financialized economy. This article argues that financial stability cannot be ensured through individual‐decision‐based market relations because of the endogenous limits of individual actions and the systemic nature of instabilities they can provoke. A specific treatment of finance as a public utility and of financial stability as a public good is then required. The study on the organization and management of financial markets, namely financial governance issue, ultimately leads to consider financial regulation as a collective action problem that calls for a public supervision framework through an extra‐market macroregulation, apt to allow economy to work in a viable way.
Dual role of B7‐H6 as a novel prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Hao , Gao Shangshang , Sun Ziling , Wang Jiamin 
Published: November 2020

B7 homolog 6 (B7‐H6), a new member of the B7 family, is identified as an activating ligand for cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 (NKp30) expressing on natural killer cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of B7‐H6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated B7‐H6 expression by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 90 HCC tumors with clinical follow‐up, the potential relationship between the B7‐H6 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients was also analyzed. Stable B7‐H6 knockdown in hepatoma cell line was established to explore the function and mechanism of B7‐H6 in HCC. This study showed that high expression of B7‐H6 was significantly associated with smaller tumor size, single tumor number in HCC, but no significant association was found between B7‐H6 overexpression and other clinicopathological parameters. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of B7‐H6 was significantly correlated with better survival of HCC patients. Knockdown of B7‐H6 inhibited tumor cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. However, it also impaired the sensitivity of tumor cells to NK‐mediated lysis together with significantly decreased degranulation and IFN‐γ release of NK cells. These results indicated that B7‐H6 has a dual role in HCC. It could be an independent indicator for better survival of HCC and maybe a potential target for future cancer treatment.
Optimization of voriconazole therapy for treatment of invasive aspergillosis: Pharmacogenomics and inflammatory status need to be evaluated
Authors: Gautier‐Veyret Elodie , Thiebaut‐Bertrand Anne , Roustit Matthieu , Bolcato Léa , Depeisses Julie , Schacherer Mathilde , Schummer Gabriel , Fonrose Xavier , Stanke‐Labesque Françoise 
Published: November 2020

AimsCytochrome 2C19 genotype‐directed dosing of voriconazole (VRC) reduces the incidence of insufficient VRC trough concentrations (Cmin) but does not account for CYP3A polymorphisms, also involved in VRC metabolism. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the utility of a genetic score combining CYP2C19 and CYP3A genotypes to predict insufficient initial VRC Cmin (<1 mg/L).MethodsThe genetic score was determined in hematological patients treated with VRC. The higher the genetic score, the faster the metabolism of the patient. The impact of the genetic score was evaluated considering initial VRC Cmin and all VRC Cmin (n = 159) determined during longitudinal therapeutic drug monitoring.ResultsForty‐three patients were included, of whom 41 received VRC for curative indication. Thirty‐six patients had a genetic score ≥2, of whom 11 had an initial insufficient VRC Cmin. A genetic score ≥2 had a positive predictive value of 0.31 for having an initial insufficient VRC Cmin and initial VRC Cmin was not associated with the genetic score. The lack of association between the genetic score and VRC Cmin may be related to the inflammatory status of the patients (C‐reactive protein [CRP] levels: median [Q1‐Q3]: 43.0 [11.0‐110.0] mg/L), as multivariate analysis performed on all VRC Cmin identified CRP as an independent determinant of the VRC Cmin adjusted for dose (P < .0001).ConclusionThe combined genetic score did not predict low VRC exposure in patients with inflammation, which is frequent in patients with invasive fungal infections. Strategies for the individualization of VRC dose should integrate the inflammatory status of patients in addition to pharmacogenetic variants.
A latent capture history model for digital aerial surveys
Authors: Borchers David L. , Nightingale Peter , Stevenson Ben C. , Fewster Rachel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe anticipate that unmanned aerial vehicles will become popular wildlife survey platforms. Because detecting animals from the air is imperfect, we develop a mark‐recapture line transect method using two digital cameras, possibly mounted on one aircraft, which cover the same area with a short time delay between them. Animal movement between the passage of the cameras introduces uncertainty in individual identity, so individual capture histories are unobservable and are treated as latent variables. We obtain the likelihood for mark‐recapture line transects without capture histories by automatically enumerating all possibilities within segments of the transect that contain ambiguous identities, instead of attempting to decide identities in a prior step. We call this method “Latent Capture‐history Enumeration” (LCE). We include an availability model for species that are periodically unavailable for detection, such as cetaceans that are undetectable while diving. External data are needed to estimate the availability cycle length, but not the mean availability rate, if the full availability model is employed. We compare the LCE method with the recently developed cluster capture‐recapture method (CCR), which uses a Palm likelihood approximation, providing the first comparison of CCR with maximum likelihood. The LCE estimator has slightly lower variance, more so as sample size increases, and close to nominal coverage probabilities. Both methods are approximately unbiased. We illustrate with semisynthetic data from a harbor porpoise survey.
Incorporating acalabrutinib, a selective next‐generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, into clinical practice for the treatment of haematological malignancies
Authors: Danilov Alexey V. , Persky Daniel O. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryGreater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the disease progression of haematological malignancies has led to the introduction of novel targeted therapies with reduced toxicity compared with chemotherapy‐based regimens, which has expanded the treatment options for patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Ibrutinib is a first‐in‐class Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with CLL/SLL or relapsed/refractory MCL. However, next‐generation BTK inhibitors have been developed with improved specificity and the potential to reduce the off‐target toxicity observed with ibrutinib. Acalabrutinib is a highly selective, next‐generation BTK inhibitor, which was granted accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2017 for the treatment of adult patients with MCL who have received at least one prior therapy. In November 2019, it was also granted approval for the treatment of adult patients with CLL/SLL on the basis of two phase 3 clinical trials. This review describes the current understanding of acalabrutinib according to clinical study data for the treatment of MCL and CLL/SLL and shares recommendations from our practice on how it should be used when treating patients in the clinic, including dosing, administration and management of adverse events.
Parental incarceration and children's oral health in the United States: Findings from the 2016‐2018 National Survey of Children's Health
Authors: Testa Alexander , Jackson Dylan B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between parental incarceration and children's oral health in the United States and assess the degree to which household socioeconomic factors, children's healthcare insurance and oral healthcare utilization/preventive care explain this association.MethodsUsing data from the 2016‐2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH; N = 99 962), a series of logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between parental incarceration and a variety of children's oral health conditions. The Karlson‐Holm‐Breen method was used to assess the degree to which household socioeconomic factors, children's healthcare insurance and oral healthcare utilization/preventive care visits reduced the association between parental incarceration and children's oral health.ResultsResults from logistic regression analyses demonstrated that net of control variables, children of incarcerated parents have significantly worse oral health including poor or fair teeth condition (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.23‐3.29), toothaches (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.36‐2.18), gum bleeding (2.12, 95% CI = 1.52‐2.94), cavities/tooth decay (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.26‐1.77) and are more likely to have unmet dental care needs (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.28‐2.46). Attenuation analyses demonstrated this relationship is partially explained by household material hardship and children's health insurance.ConclusionsParental incarceration is associated with worse oral health and unmet dental care needs. Household material hardship and children's health insurance partially attenuate this association. Efforts to expand oral health literacy to incarceration‐exposed parents, and policies that buffer against material hardship and inadequacies in children's health insurance may be useful for improving oral health of children whose parents have been incarcerated.
Selective forces acting on spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado–Joseph disease recurrency: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sena Lucas Schenatto , dos Santos Pinheiro Jordânia , Saraiva‐Pereira Maria Luiza , Jardim Laura Bannach 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat tract in ATXN3. Anticipation and worsening of clinical picture in subsequent generations were repeatedly reported, but there is no indication that SCA3/MJD frequency is changing. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on phenomena with potential effect on SCA3/MJD recurrency in populations: instability of CAG repeat transmissions, anticipation, fitness, and segregation of alleles. Transmission of the mutant allele was associated with an increase of 1.23 CAG repeats in the next generation, and the average change in age at onset showed an anticipation of 7.75 years per generation; but biased recruitments cannot be ruled out. Affected SCA3/MJD individuals had 45% more children than related controls. Transmissions from SCA3/MJD carriers showed that the expanded allele was segregated in 64% of their children. In contrast, transmissions from normal subjects showed that the minor allele was segregated in 54%. The present meta‐analysis concluded that there is a segregation distortion favoring the expanded allele, among children of carriers. Therefore, further studies on transmissions and anticipation phenomena as well as more observations about fertility are required to clarify these selective forces over SCA3/MJD.
Thermal effects of various drill materials during implant site preparation—Ceramic vs. stainless steel drills: A comparative in vitro study in a standardised bovine bone model
Authors: Tur Dino , Giannis Katharina , Unger Ewald , Mittlböck Martina , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Strbac Georg D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate thermal effects of ceramic and metal implant drills during implant site preparation using a standardised bovine model.Material and MethodsA total of 320 automated intermittent osteotomies of 10‐ and 16‐mm drilling depths were performed using zirconium dioxide‐based and stainless steel drills. Various drill diameters (2.0/ 2.2, 2.8, 3.5, 4.2 mm ∅) and different cooling methods (without/ with external saline irrigation) were investigated at room temperature (21 ± 1°C). Temperature changes were recorded in real time using two custom‐built multichannel thermoprobes in 1‐ and 2‐mm distance to the osteotomy site. For comparisons, a linear mixed model was estimated.ResultsComparing thermal effects, significantly lower temperatures could be detected with steel‐based drills in various drill diameters, regardless of drilling depth or irrigation method. Recorded temperatures for metal drills of all diameters and drilling depths using external irrigation were below the defined critical temperature threshold of 47°C, whereas ceramic drills of smaller diameters reached or exceeded the harmful temperature threshold at 16‐mm drilling depths, regardless of whether irrigation was applied or not. The results of this study suggest that the highest temperature changes were not found at the deepest point of the osteotomy site but were observed at subcortical and deeper layers of bone, depending on drill material, drill diameter, drilling depth and irrigation method.ConclusionsThis standardised investigation revealed drill material and geometry to have a substantial impact on heat generation, as well as external irrigation, drilling depth and drill diameter.
Soft tissue contour and radiographic evaluation of ridge preservation in early implant placement: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jonker Brend Pjotr , Gil Alfonso , Naenni Nadja , Jung Ronald Ernst , Wolvius Eppo Bonne , Pijpe Justin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare two ridge preservation techniques and spontaneous healing in terms of hard and soft tissue changes 2 months after tooth extraction.Material and methodsThe study was designed as a randomized controlled trial and included 75 patients. After single tooth extraction in the maxillary incisor/premolar area, patients were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: (a) ridge preservation with a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a collagen matrix (CM‐group), (b) ridge preservation with a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a free palatal graft (PG‐group) or (c) spontaneous healing (control). Eight weeks after tooth extraction, implants were placed and clinical, profilometric and radiographic evaluations were performed. In addition, the need for further guided bone regeneration (GBR) at implant placement was assessed. The differences between the treatment groups were compared with the One‐way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test with the corresponding post hoc analysis. The proportions of the categorical parameters were compared with the Fisher´s exact test.ResultsSeventy‐five patients underwent early implant placement 8 weeks after tooth extraction and were evaluated. CM‐group (−0.9 SD 0.6 mm) and PG‐group (−1.0 SD 0.8 mm) showed less horizontal bone resorption compared to the control group (−3.2 SD 2.1 mm) (p < .001). Moreover, the necessity of GBR at implant placement was significantly less in CM‐group (32%) and PG‐group (24%) when compared to control group (72%) (p = .001). Patients in CM‐group experienced less pain than PG‐group, one week after tooth extraction (p = .042). No significant differences were found regarding graft evaluation, post‐operative complications, and soft tissue contour.ConclusionsRidge preservation using a xenogeneic bone substitute covered with a collagen matrix or a palatal graft, results in less bone resorption and fewer GBR procedures at early implant placement compared to spontaneous healing.
The comparative evaluation of transcrestal and lateral sinus floor elevation in sites with residual bone height ≤6 mm: A two‐year prospective randomized study
Authors: Zhou Yiqun , Shi Yang , Si Misi , Wu Mengjie , Xie Zhijian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare clinical and radiographic outcomes between transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) and lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE) approaches of simultaneous implant placement in atrophic maxilla.Materials and MethodsPatients with a residual bone height (RBH) ≤6 mm were enrolled and randomly assigned to TSFE and LSFE groups. Patients in both groups simultaneously underwent sinus floor elevation with bovine‐derived xenograft and implant placement. Clinical and radiographic results were evaluated immediately after surgery and after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG), apical implant bone height (ABH), endo‐sinus bone–implant contact rate (EBICR), and crestal bone level (CBL) were assessed using panoramic radiographs.ResultsForty‐one implants (TSFE: 21, LSFE: 20) were placed in cases with a mean RBH of 3.77 ± 1.16 mm. All implants obtained clinical success and satisfactory ESBG at 24 months. No significant differences were found in ESBG and ABH between two groups immediately after surgery, but LSFE group showed significantly higher values than TSFE group thereafter. Grafts in TSFE group reached stability 6 months earlier than that in LSFE group. In both groups, EBICR was almost 100%, and CBL showed no detectable changes.ConclusionsLSFE can achieve higher ESBG 2 years after surgery. Otherwise, TSFE could be an alternative to LSFE, when the access for lateral window preparation is limited. Both approaches were highly predictable for RBH ≤6 mm during 24‐month observation period for the implants placed simultaneously.
Beyond transanal total mesorectal excision: short‐term outcomes of transanal total mesorectal excision in locally advanced rectal cancer requiring resection beyond total mesorectal excision
Authors: Larach José Tomás , Rajkomar Amrish K. S. , Smart Philip J. , McCormick Jacob J. , Heriot Alexander G. , Warrier Satish K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to define the role of transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) requiring resection beyond the mesorectal plane.MethodWe performed a retrospective review of the outcomes of a case series of patients undergoing taTME for rectal cancer with mesorectal fascia or adjacent organ involvement.ResultsEleven patients (six men) underwent taTME for LARC requiring resection beyond total mesorectal excision (TME). All had a restorative procedure. The transabdominal approach was open in five and minimally invasive in six cases. All patients required the resection of at least one adjacent structure, including presacral fascia, internal iliac vessels, nerve roots, uterus, vagina or seminal vesicles. Four patients required a pelvic side‐wall lymph node dissection and four had intraoperative radiotherapy. In all cases, the transanal approach was useful to disconnect the rectum distally, resect adjacent organs or control the R1 risk‐point. Three patients had a complication of Clavien–Dindo grade III or above (one mechanical bowel obstruction, one pelvic collection and one urine sepsis). There were no anastomotic complications. Ten patients had an R0 resection. During a median follow‐up of 11 (8.6–16) months there were no local recurrences, but two patients had distant metastases. During the study period, eight patients underwent closure of their stoma whilst the remaining three have had normal anastomotic assessments and will be closed in the future.ConclusionThis early series shows that implementation of taTME for resections beyond TME may be feasible and safe in a highly selected setting.
Strategic leadership and technological innovation: A comprehensive review and research agenda
Authors: Kurzhals Christopher , Graf‐Vlachy Lorenz , König Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe review the literature on the relationship between strategic leadership and technological innovation.Research Findings/InsightsWe identify the theoretical lenses that researchers apply when studying strategic leadership and innovation, most notably agency theory and upper echelons theory. We review the innovation constructs and measures that scholars employ, and we survey the links among strategic leaders' characteristics and technological innovation. Ultimately, we organize the literature into an integrative framework that provides a concise overview of the extant knowledge, and we outline an agenda for future research.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsFirst, we offer scholars a discipline‐spanning overview of the extant knowledge on the topic. Second, by integrating important aspects of corporate governance, such as the role of the board of directors, incentives for the chief executive officer or the top management team, and firm ownership, into the context of technological innovation, we highlight the vital role it plays in the realm of technological innovation. Third, we provide a useful guide for scholars and direct their work towards fruitful avenues for future research.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe offer insights for practitioners interested in better understanding the bidirectional relationship between strategic leadership and technological innovation. In particular, our framework and our detailed analysis of the impact of strategic leaders on technological innovation can guide shareholders and board members in matters related to board composition as well as top executive selection and compensation.