bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing Components of Programmes to Reduce Restrictive Practices in Adult Mental Health Inpatient Services: A Behaviour Change Technique Analysis
Authors: Berzins Kathryn , Canvin Krysia , Kendal Sarah , Benson Iris , Kellar Ian , Wright Judy , Lopez Rocio Rodriguez , Duxbury Joy , Stewart Duncan , Baker John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Incidents that threaten service user and staff safety occur frequently in adult mental health inpatient settings, often resulting in restrictive practices such as restraint and seclusion. These carry significant risks, including physical and psychological harms to service users and staff, as well as costs to the NHS. Numerous complex interventions have been developed which aim to reduce the use of restrictive practices. Aims: The aims were to identify, standardise and report the effectiveness of components of interventions that seek to reduce restrictive practices in adult mental health inpatient settings, using the Behaviour Change Technique taxonomy. Methods: A systematic mapping review of literature identified in health and social care research databases and unpublished sources (including social media) was undertaken. Records were quality appraised using the MMAT. Records of interventions to reduce any form of restrictive practice used with adults in mental health services were included. The resulting dataset for extraction was guided by WIDER, Cochrane and theory coding guidelines. The BCT taxonomy was systematically applied to each identified intervention.Results: The final dataset comprised 175 records reporting 150 interventions, 109 of which had been formally evaluated. The most common intervention targets were seclusion and/or restraint reduction. The most common evaluation approach was a non-randomised design. There were only six randomised controlled trials. The number of BCTs identified per intervention ranged from 1-33 (mean:8). The most common strategy was staff training. BCTs from 14 of a possible 16 clusters were detected. Over two thirds of the BCTs mapped onto four of the 14 clusters: ‘Goals and planning’; ‘Antecedents’; ‘Shaping knowledge’; ‘Feedback and monitoring’. Those BCTs which were found in all the interventions were similar to those found in those interventions which demonstrated statistically significant effects. Conclusions: Studies of interventions to reduce restrictive practices appear to be diverse quality. Interventions tended to contain multiple components delivered in multiple ways. Further research could enhance the evidence base prior to future commissioning decisions. Separate testing of individual procedures, for example, audit and feedback, could ascertain the more effective intervention components and improve understanding of content and delivery. Registration: The study is registered as PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018086985 Available from: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018086985
Finite Element Analysis of Different Locking-Plate Fixation Methods for the Treatment of Ulna Head Fracture
Authors: Zhang Yue , Shao Qin , Yang Chensong , Ai Changqing , Zhou Di , Yu Yang , Sun Guixin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Ulnar head fractures are increasingly higher with the growing proportion of the elderly in the population. Failure to achieve stable anatomic reduction of ulna head fracture may lead to the DRUJ dysfunction and nonunion of distal radius. Due to the lack of the postoperative reporting outcomes and the biomechanical studies, it has not been well established about the optimal management of the comminuted distal ulna head fracture. This study aimed to explain the advantages and disadvantages of the ulnar-side locking plate fixation, compared with the dorsal-side one, and its screws arrangement in the treatment of the ulnar head fracture by using finite element analysis. Methods: FE models of the ulnar head fracture and the models of ulnar-side locking plate and dorsal-side plate with two or three distal screws was constructed. In order to simulate forces acting on the ulnar and the osteosynthesis material during daily-life activity in subjects who underwent reconstructive surgery, we applied three loading conditions to each model, viz. axial compression 20N, 50N, and torsion moments 1Nm. Under these conditions, values of the von Mises Stress (VMS) distribution of the implant, peak VMS, and model displacement were investigated. Results: Both the stress values and model displacement of ulnar-side plate were lower than those of dorsal-side plate. When adding a screw in the middle hole of the ulnar head, the values of model displacement and the peak stress in fixation system are lower, but it may evidently concentrate the stress on the middle screw. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study indicated that plating locking plate on ulnar side had lower stress distribution on the plate and better stability than on dorsal side in ulnar head fracture fixation. Adding the additional screw on the ulnar head could reduce the displacement of the fixation system and increase the stability of the fixation system. This study requires clinical confirmation as to its practicality in the treatment of ulnar head fracture.
Family Medicine Practitioners’ Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
Authors: Dutour Marion , Kirchhoff Anna , Janssen Cécile , Meleze Sabine , Chevalier Hélène , Levy-Amon Sandrine , Detrez Marc-Antoine , Piet Emilie , Delory Tristan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the world, but also caregiver’s practices. The World Health Organization warned about the stress it could generate for General Practitioners (GPs). In France, GPs were not involved in the decision-making process for organization of care before and during the first COVID-19 wave. Our objective was to estimate the self-perception of stress at the beginning of the pandemic in France, among GPs from the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (AuRA), a french administrative area severely impacted by COVID-19, and to identify which factors may have modulated this perception.Methods We conducted an online cross-sectional survey between 8th of April to 10th of May 2020. The self-perception of stress was evaluated using the 10-item Perceived Stress Score (PSS-10). An agreement score developed by the study scientific committee was measured for 31 positive assertion. Factors associated with stress were investigated using logistic regression, and triangulation based on verbatim analysis. Results Overall, 898 individual answers were collected. A total of 437 GPs (49%) were stressed (PSS≥27), and 283 GPs (32%) had a very high level of stress (PSS≥30). Perceived stress was associated with multiple components, and involved classic psychosocial risk factors such as emotional requirements: 415 GPs (49%) were affected by patient anxiety (OR=3.41, 95%CI [1.87-6.36], p<0.001). But in this context of health crisis, the main determinant of GPs’ stress appears to be the diversity and quantity of information from diverse sources (614 GPs (69%, OR=2.21, 95%CI [1.40-3.50], p<0.001). GPs felt isolated in a hospital-based model.Conclusion The first COVID-19 wave was stressful for AuRA’s GPs. One of the main determinants seems to be the diversity and quantity of information received from the health authorities.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Identify Priority Areas for the Conservation of a Vulnerable Family of Fishes in Spanish Marine National Parks
Authors: Planas Miquel , Piñeiro-Corbeira Cristina , Bouza Carmen , Castejón-Silvo Inés , Vera Manuel , Regueira Marcos , Ochoa Verónica , Bárbara Ignacio , Terrados Jorge , Chamorro Alexandro , Barreiro Rodolfo , Hernández-Urcera Jorge , Alejo Irene , Nombela Miguel , García Manuel E. , Pardo Belén G. , Peña Viviana , Díaz Pilar , Cremades Javier , Morales-Nin Beatriz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Syngnathid fishes (Actinopterygii, Syngnathidae) are flagship species strongly associated with seaweed and seagrass habitats. Seahorses and pipefishes are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental disturbances, but most species are currently Data Deficient according to the IUCN (IUCN, 2019), requiring more biological and ecological research. This study provides the first insights into syngnathid populations in the two marine Spanish National Parks (PNIA –Atlantic- and PNAC –Mediterranean). Fishes were collected periodically, marked, morphologically identified, analysed for size, weight, sex and sexual maturity, and sampled for stable isotope and genetic identification. Due the scarcity of previous information, habitat characteristics were also assessed in PNIA. Results: Syngnathid diversity and abundance were low, with two species identified in PNIA (Hippocampus guttulatus and Syngnathus acus) and four in PNAC (S. abaster, S. acus, S. typhle and Nerophis maculatus). Syngnathids from both National Parks (NP) differed isotopically, with much lower δ15N in PNAC than in PNIA. The dominant species were S. abaster in PNAC and S. acus in PNIA. Syngnathids preferred less exposed sites in macroalgal assemblages in PNIA and Cymodocea meadows in PNAC. The occurrence of very large specimens, the absence of small-medium sizes and the isotopic comparison with a nearby population suggest that the population of Syngnathus acus (the dominant syngnathid in PNIA) mainly comprised breeders that migrate seasonally. Novel 16S rDNA haplotypes and sequence variants were detected for H. guttulatus, N. maculatus, S. acus, and S. abaster. Our data suggest the presence of a cryptic Syngnathus species in PNAC. Conclusions: This is the first multidisciplinary approach to the study of syngnathids in Spanish marine NPs. Habitat preferences and population characteristics in both NPs differed. Further studies are needed to assess potential species misidentifications of genus Syngnathus in PNAC, and migratory events in PNIA. We propose several preferential sites in both NPs for future monitoring of syngnathid populations and some recommendations for their conservation.
Post-Triassic Spermatophyta Timetree Adding the Quaternary Radiated Asarum Wild Gingers
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Nackejima Cunio , Wakabayashi John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAngiospermae radiation was known as the mid-Cretaceous event, but adaptive radiation of Asarum is also expected in the Quaternary. In order to know such the Angiospermae evolutionary history through the time, we constructed a whole Spermatophyta timetree employing BEAST v1. X associated with robust fossil calibration function.ResultsWe successfully and precisely dated the Spermatophyta phylogeny, and the Angiospermae topology was concordant to the APG system. Using another function of BEAST, we discovered the exponential increase in base substitution rate in recent geologic time, and another rise of rate at the mid-Cretaceous time. These increasing events correspond to the Quaternary and mid-Cretaceous Angiospermae radiations.ConclusionsA probable cause of the recently increasing rate and the consequent radiation was ultimately generation of C4 grasses, reduction of atomospheric CO2, and the start of the Quaternary glacial period. Mid-Cretaceous event was explained by co-radiation with insect beetles as the food plant.
Student Support Systems for Undergraduate Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Ardekani Ali , Hosseini Seyed Ali , Tabari Parinaz , Rahimian Zahra , Feili Afrooz , Amini Mitra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has boosted medical students' vulnerability to various problems. Given the stressful nature of medical disciplines, considerable attention must be paid to student support systems during pandemics. This study aimed to review the current literature regarding medical student support systems systematically.Methods: We performed a systematic review of six databases and grey literature sources in addition to a hand search in the references of the articles in July 2020. We included all studies about support for undergraduate medical students delivered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In conducting this review, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.Results: A total of 5347 articles were retrieved from the databases, and 30 additional articles were extracted from other sources. After removing duplicates, we screened 3492 titles and abstracts according to our criteria. Among them, 51 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, before seven studies were ultimately included for reviewal. We identified two major themes: (a) academic support and (b) mental health support.Conclusion: There are several methods of supporting medical students while they are experiencing unprecedented changes in their educational trajectory. This review showed that, given the novel circumstances after the outbreak of COVID-19, the use of online student support methods had received more attention. Implications for further developments in student support systems in the time of the present pandemic were also discussed.
Modeling the spatio-temporal flow dynamics of groundwater-surface water interactions of the Lake Tana Basin, Upper Blue Nile, Ethiopia
Authors: Tigabu Tibebe B. , Wagner Paul D. , Hörmann Georg , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Ethiopian government has selected Lake Tana basin as a development corridor due to its water resources potential. However, combined use of groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) is still inadequate due to knowledge gaps about the flow dynamics of GW and SW. Mostly, there is no information about groundwater use. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the dynamics of GW-SW interactions on a spatio-temporal basis in three of the main catchments (Gilgelabay, Gumara and Ribb) that drain into Lake Tana. To this end, the SWAT-MODFLOW model, which is an integration of SWAT (Soil and Water assessment Tool) and MODFLOW, is used. The results reveal strong hydraulic connection between the GW and SW in all the three catchments. In the Gilgelabay catchment, the flow from the aquifer to the river reaches dominates (annual discharge from the aquifer varies from 170 to 525,000 m3/day), whereas in Gumara (annual exchange rate between −6,530 and 1,710 m3/day) and Ribb (annual exchange rate between −8,020 and 1,453 m3/day) the main flow from the river reaches to the aquifer system. The flow pattern differs in the three catchments due to variations of the aquifer parameters and morphological heterogeneity. Overall, this study improves our understanding of GW-SW flow dynamics and provides insights for future research works and sustainable water management in the Nile region.
Groundwater recharge in the oasis-desert areas of northern Tarim Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Wang Weihua , Chen Yaning , Wang Wanrui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGroundwater is an important source for maintaining desert ecological processes in arid areas. With the increasing intensity of climate change and human activities, the rivers in Tarim Basin are severely dried-up. Aiming at the dried-up river, vegetation degradation and oasis maintenance in the middle and lower reaches of dried-up river basin, groundwater recharge and groundwater-surface water interaction have become hotspots, but are not well known. We examined spatial distributions and controlling factors of groundwater stable isotopes and recharge at oasis scale using data from 247 samples surveyed in the four headwaters in the northern Tarim Basin. Stable isotopes of surface water and groundwater were different from each other, and varied among sampling sites. Surface water and groundwater isotopes generally became enriched towards the east throughout the study area, while surface water isotopes showed enrichment towards the upstream direction within each catchment, mainly due to cultivated area expansion. Surface water mainly originated from precipitation, groundwater, and meltwater, while shallow groundwater derived from lateral groundwater flow, river and irrigated water infiltration, and little precipitation. The mainstream water was directly recharged by the headwaters. The results could provide a new insight into groundwater cycling in oases of dried-up river basins, which is helpful for regional groundwater management.
Quantifying effects of urban land-use patterns on flood regimes for a typical urbanized basin in eastern China
Authors: Song Mingming , Zhang Jianyun , Bian Guodong , Wang Jie , Wang Guoqing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Artificial adjustment and urbanization are key factors of global change and have significant influences on hydrological processes. This study focuses on the effects of urban land-use patterns on flood regimes in a typical urbanized basin in eastern China. Comprehensive assessments of urban land-use patterns were implemented on three levels: total imperviousness area (TIA) magnitude, landscape configuration and relative location in the basin. Hydrologic Engineering Center's Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was calibrated and validated using four groups of parameters associated with land-use conditions. Fourteen flood events were simulated based on 10 land-use scenarios with different land-use patterns. The results indicate that floods are closely associated with three landscape pattern indicators. First, over the past 20 years, the impermeability rate has increased from 3.92 to 17.48%, with the landscape pattern converted from extension growth form to fill-up growth form after 2003. Second, the average flood peak discharge increased by 80% due to impermeable surfaces expansion, with minor floods more sensitive to the expansion than major floods. Third, the contribution of imperviousness expansion to peak discharge in the inner basin is more remarkable than downstream of the river basin, with the landscape pattern metrics of TIA, arable land and forest land displaying strong correlations with flood characteristics.
Hydrological and water balance studies to evaluate options for climate resilience in smallholder irrigation systems in Sri Lanka
Authors: Imbulana Naditha , Manoharan Seenithamby 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Smallholder agriculture shares a great portion of Sri Lanka's economy and provides a livelihood to 20% of the country's labour force. However, smallholder agricultural systems are considered highly vulnerable to climate variability and change. As such, improving their climate resilience is critical to ensuring sustainable development of the country. In the country's dry zone, agricultural systems are supported by thousands of small and large irrigation tanks in cascades, whose water supply potential keeps fluctuating widely between years and seasons due to rainfall variability which is a unique characteristic of this zone. In this study, we assessed the hydrological potential of the catchments of these tanks in a typical irrigation system and provided a framework to design an optimal strategy to enhance climate resilience of such systems for improved agricultural production, using a water balance model. The results show that climate-induced impacts on hydrology coupled with population growth and agricultural expansion increase irrigation water demands in the near future. Moreover, demand-side interventions will be more effective than supply-side adaptation in reducing the demand-supply gap. The study recommends evaluating more adaptation measures under expert guidance, uncertainty assessments of future climate and socio-economic pathways, and incorporating a cost-benefit assessment in the model.
Conventional and Non-Conventional Targets of Natural Products in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications
Authors: Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Lobine Devina , Picot-Allain Marie Carene Nancy , Sadeer Nabeelah , Jugreet Sharmeen , Zengin Gokhan 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a severe endocrine metabolic disease
coupled with various long-term complications. A plethora of targets have been identified,
however, with possible adverse effects. Therefore, researchers are in the perpetual quest
for safe and more effective therapeutics. Natural products, particularly derived from
plants, have proven to exert anti-diabetic effects via diverse mechanisms.

Methods:
An overview of DM pathogenesis and its associated micro- and macro-vascular
complications is presented. Possible underlying mechanisms of herbal remedies in DM management
are provided, highlighting some key therapeutic targets. The review also appraises the
recent progress of herbal products in treating DM through regulating inflammation and gut
microbiota. Finally, currently available pharmacological treatments are discussed.

Results:
The results show that numerous plants have proven to be promising sources of
insulin secreting agents, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors. Among the non- conventional
targets, inhibition of key enzymes such as lipase, cholinesterases and angiotensin
converting enzyme has been directly and/or indirectly linked to DM and DM complications.
For instance, hypericin, pseudohypericin and I3,II8-biapigenin isolated from Hypericum
perforatum L., and palmatine and columbamine isolated from Dichocarpum auriculatum
(Franch.) W. T. Wang & P. K have been found to be powerful lipase and cholinesterase
inhibitors, respectively. Moreover, a number of plant-derived compounds such as
feruloylated oligosaccharides from maize bran, baicalein and berberine are reported to
mediate anti-diabetic property via modulation of gut microbiota.

Conclusion:
The information amassed in this review is anticipated to provide useful scientific
baseline information to support advanced research in natural antidiabetic drug development.