bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with spinal metastasis secondary to prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Zhong-yu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Hui , Pang Cheng-gang , Jiang Wen-xue 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: To guide the selection of treatments for spinal metastases, the expected survival time is one of the most important determinants. Few scoring systems are fully applicable for spinal metastasis secondary to prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to identify the independent factors to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with spinal metastases from PCa. Methods: The PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL were retrieved by two reviewers independently, to identify studies analyzed the prognostic effect of different factors in spinal metastasis from PCa. A systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis was conducted with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) as the effect size. Results: A total of 12 retrospective cohort studies (1566 patients) were eligible for qualitative synthesis and 10 for quantitative meta-analyses. The OS was significantly influenced by performance status, visceral metastasis, ambulatory status and time from PCa diagnosis in more than half of the available studies. The meta-analyses demonstrated that OS was significantly influenced by visceral metastasis (HR=2.24, 95%CI:1.53-3.27, p<0.001), pre-treatment ambulatory status (HR=2.64, 95%CI:1.82-3.83, p<0.001), KPS (HR=4.45, 95%CI:2.01-9.85, p<0.001), ECOG (HR=2.96, 95%CI:2.02-4.35, p<0.001), extraspinal bone metastasis (HR=2.04, 95%CI:1.13-3.68, p=0.018), time developing motor deficit (HR=1.57, 95%CI:1.30-1.88, p<0.001) and time from PCa diagnosis (HR=1.37, 95%CI:1.17-1.59, p<0.001). Conclusions: Visceral metastasis, ambulatory status, extraspinal bone metastasis, performance status, time developing motor deficit and time interval from primary tumor diagnosis were significantly associated with the OS for spinal metastasis from PCa. When selecting the treatment modality, clinicians should fully consider the patients’ systematic status based on all potential prognostic factors.
The Optimal Time for Blood Glucose Measurements in Patients Who Underwent Primary or Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Ye Yongyu , Pan Baiqi , Xian Guoyan , Chen Weishen , Zhang Ziji , Sheng Puyi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Perioperative hyperglycemia is a risk factor for postoperative complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, the most optimal timing to detect blood glucose and the extent of elevation of postoperative glucose remain unknown. Our study investigated differences in perioperative blood glucose fluctuations between primary and revision groups to determine optimal timing for glycemic control. Methods We retrospectively evaluated medical records of 1,788 TJA patients from October 2013 to November 2018. We examined blood glucose values collected within 6 days perioperatively. Each time point’s findings were evaluated with descriptive statistics. Glucose variability was assessed by coefficient of variation (CV). Differences in glucose levels were compared between primary and revision groups. Results The final cohort included medical records of 1,480 patients (1,417 primary, 63 revision). Mean glucose values were highest on postoperative day 1 (117±35 and 132±50 mg/dL) in primary and revision groups, respectively ( P <0.001). Postoperative day 1 included the highest number of hyperglycemic patients (glucose >100 mg/dL) with 66.4% and 75.5% in primary and revision groups, respectively. The CV of primary and revision group nondiabetic and diabetic patients was 6.85% and 9.02% and 12.83% and 15.31%, respectively. Conclusions Postoperative day 1 was the most sensitive time for glucose control. Hyperglycemia occurred on postoperative day 1 in most patients who underwent TJA in both groups. Primary group diabetics and revision group had higher postoperative glycemic fluctuations than primary group nondiabetics. Our results reveal the need for specialized protocols for clinicians to detect and monitor hyperglycemia in patients under different situations.
Adverse Quality of Life Style and Risk of Infertility: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Abdoli Sara , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Kazemi Farideh 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Infertility and mental, social, and economic issues associated with it endanger
some relationships. Adverse quality of lifestyle is a threat to reproductive health and can
lead to infertility problems.

Objective:
The present systematic review study was conducted to investigate the impact of the adverse
quality of lifestyle on increased risks of infertility.

Methods:
After selecting electronic databases, namely Scopus, Pub Med, SID, and Web of Science,
we searched the total population of available and published observational studies [cohort, casecontrol
and cross-sectional] in Persian and English, examining the impact of lifestyle on reproductive
and infertility parameters. The employed keywords were infertility, sub-fertility, male infertility,
female infertility, couple infertility, lifestyle, and quality of life and their equivalent Persian
words from 2007 to January 2019 regardless of gender. Out of 1211 studies, 60 were finally included
in the study after excluding unrelated and duplicate papers and animal samples.

Results:
In the present study, older age, inadequate diet and nutrient intake, high body mass index
and abdominal fat, smoking and alcohol drinking, inadequate physical activity, intense physical
activity, stress, and sexual dysfunction were observed to affect reproductive indices; however, some
researchers did not find any relationship between the foregoing factors and fertility.

Conclusion:
Individuals with dysfunctions in reproductive indices had more adverse quality of
lifestyle indices compared with others, possibly reducing their chances of fertility. However, more
studies are required to determine the relationship between lifestyle and infertility.
Impact of Clinical Audit on Adherence to the Guidelines Directed Medical Therapy in Patients Admitted with Heart Failure
Authors: Shukkoor Aashiq A. , George Nimmy E. , Radhakrishnan Shanmugasundaram , Velusamy Sivakumar , kaliappan Tamilarasu , Gopalan Rajendiran , Anandan Premkrishna , Palanimuthu Ramasamy , Balasubramanian Vidhyakar R. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The adoption of guideline recommendations of pharmacotherapy to improve
the clinical course of Heart Failure (HF) remains below par. Our objective is to evaluate the
impact of clinical audit on adherence to the Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) in patients
admitted with acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF).

Methods:
A prospective interventional study was conducted over a period of 12 months from June
2018 to May 2019 in all patients admitted with acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
The discharge prescriptions of patients who met the inclusion criteria were audited for appropriateness
in the usage of neurohormonal blockers and Ivabradine, by a clinical pharmacist on a monthly
basis. Audit results were presented to the practicing physicians every month and feedback was given.

Results:
Discharge prescriptions of 716 patients who presented with HF were audited for the reasonable
or unreasonable omission of neurohormonal blocking drugs. The first-month audit revealed
that the unreasonable omission of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/ Angiotensin Receptor
Blockers/ Angiotensin Receptor Neprilisin Inhibitors ( ACEI/ARB/ARNI), Betablockers and
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (MRA) were 24.5%, 13.1%, and 9.09% respectively,
which reduced to nil at the end of the study period (p=0.00). Initiation of Ivabradine before prescribing
or achieving the target dose of Betablocker was noted in 38.18% of patients in the first
month, which was also reduced to nil (p=0.00) at the end of the study.

Conclusion:
This study reveals that periodic clinical audit improves adherence to GDMT in patients
admitted with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
STRATEGIC PROFILING: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGY PRACTICE IN THE SMAL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: Kusmantini Titik - , Untoro Wisnu 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The purpose of the study is to describe the characteristics of the development pattern of the SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) capabilities in managing integrated supply chain capabilities. Specifically, the purpose of the study is to test empirically whether inter-group of supply chain strategy can be found the differences in the characteristics (1) the contexts of organization, they are competitiveness and product type; (2) the featured competitive priorities in the manufacturing field and (3) the performance achievement. Researh Method: The hypothesis testing process of the study uses the sample of 102 SMEs in the Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The testing technique used in this study is the technique of cluster analysis and ANOVA. Findings: The testing result of cluster analysis identifies 3 taxa of supply chain strategy group, each strategic profiling of the supply chain describes that only cluster 2, that is the type of Le-Agile has the consistency of decision, while the type of Agile and Lean does not have the consistency. The result of ANOVA test is used to test 3 hypotheses and all hypotheses are supported, while the hypothesis of supply chain strategy group differences based on the type of product is not proven. Research Limitations: The use of single source will lead to a single respondent bias and give rise to an interrater reliability for the perceptual data. Especially when measuring the performance variables in this study which uses self-report, thus the use of a single respondent will lead to bias. Novelty: This study aims to test the concept of fit in particular the alignment conception of strategy between functions, they are supply chain and manufacturing strategy by using a selection approach. The taxonomy result will produce a strategic profiling which is able to describe the extent to which the strategic decision congruency and consistency between functions in the scope of SMEs in particular.
Metaphysics and Supervenience
Authors: Armstrong D. M. 
Published: March 2020

En este artículo propongo y defiendo una base epistemológica para una metafísica. No creo que haya una base epistemológica lógicamente indudable, pero creo que la base (que propondré, dada nuestra situación epistemológica actual, es una que sabemos que existe: ese objeto unitario, el mundo del espacio-tiempo. A mi propuesta, de que tal objeto existe, la denominaré la tesis naturalista débil. Una propuesta más fuerte, a saber que el mundo espacio-temporal es todo lo que hay, la denominaré la tesis naturalista fuerte, simplemente, naturalismo, a secas. Pero es claro que ésta no es parte de mi base epistemológica favorita.
Lo que deseo es argumentar en contra de aquellos filósofos que aun aceptando un naturalismo débil, no estarían dispuestos a aceptar un naturalismo fuerte, pero no por creer en una deidad trascendente o en una dualidad cartesiana, sino porque piensan que una metafísica tiene que dar cabida a posibilidades y/o a clases y/o a números y/o a universales y/o a objetos de pensamiento. Entidades éstas que, según creen, no pueden explicarse conforme a una base naturalista.
El argumento que emplearé en contra de tales filósofos, que puede denominarse el argumento de la superveniencia, tendrá la siguiente estructura: dada cierta base, se considerara si, la misma, implica formalmente la existencia de ciertas entidades (las que serán, en caso de hacerlo, las entidades supervenientes). Se argumentará, luego, que las entidades supervenientes no representan una adición ontológica a la base. El argumento, sin embargo, lo empleo con cierta cautela.
Para cada uno de los casos que considero (clases, posibilidades, números y universales), mi conclusión es que tales entidades pueden explicarse como supervenientes a la base elegida.
Como conclusión, no ocultaré mi convicción de que en estas cuestiones, tales filósofos (que incluyen a algunos de mis mejores amigos) carecen de un fuerte sentido de la realidad. Me encuentro respetando más a aquellos metafísicos que rechazan el naturalismo porque creen en las almas y en Dios.
[J.A. Robles]
Realism and Anti-Realism in Davidson's Philosophy of Language, II
Authors: Stoutland Frederick 
Published: March 2020

La parte I de este artículo (Critica 41) argumentaba que la teoría del significado de Davidson no puede utilizarse en la defensa de una posición realista. En esta parte se argumenta que la posición de Davidson es antirrealista no sólo en lo relativo al significado, sino también con respecto a la verdad. Aunque la teoría del significado de Davidson se formula en términos de condiciones de verdad, él no las concibe de manera realista como objetos extralingüísticos. Su posición consiste en que especificar las condiciones de verdad de una oración es especificar las relaciones de la oración con otras oraciones y con las condiciones que satisfacen las palabras que la constituyen. Aquello en virtud de lo cual las oraciones son verdaderas, no son, por lo tanto, objetos extralingüísticos, sino otras oraciones que se consideran verdaderas en una comunidad lingüística.
Esta teoría coherencial de la verdad no es inconsistente con postular que las oraciones corresponden a objetos extralingüísticos. Las oraciones que son verdaderas sí corresponden a objetos extralingüísticos, aunque sólo sea porque (ya) son verdaderas en virtud de otras oraciones consideradas verdaderas y porque la mayoría de las oraciones que se consideran verdaderas en una comunidad lingüística son verdaderas.
Defiendo esta interpretación de Davidson mostrando cómo se deriva de su teoría de la interpretación radical, la cual implica el principio de caridad —que la mayor parte de las creencias de la gente deben ser verdaderas— y la traducibilidad a cualquier lenguaje posible.
[F. S.]
Verdad y metáfora: una aproximación pragmática
Authors: Fermandois Eduardo 
Published: March 2020

What does the (possible) truth of a metaphor consist in? The first part of this paper is a critical analysis of the following model: A metaphorical statement is true if and only if it somehow leads to the recognition of literal truths. This model of metaphorical truth as indirect literal truth is not utterly inadequate, but it fails to account for certain central features of the metaphorical: the openness of the interpretation of living metaphors, the phenomenon of the so called metaphorical chains (or nets), the non-propositional aspects of many metaphors, and the active, creative role of the interpreter.In the second part I develop an alternative model, based on: a) a pragmatist methodology with respect to the truth-issue in general (truth without representation), b) Goodman's concept of rightness, c) the difference between saying and showing, and d) the idea, that a good metaphor creates a new context which not only allows us to say something new concerning the topic in question, but which allows us to treat the topic in a new manner.
Triangulation, Objectivity and the Ambiguity Problem
Authors: Montminy Martin 
Published: March 2020

Davidson claims that a creature that has spent its entire life in isolation cannot have thoughts. His two reasons for this claim are that (i) interaction with another creature (what he calls "triangulation") is required to locate the cause of the creature's responses, and that (ii) linguistic communication is necessary to acquire the concept of objective truth, which is itself required in order to have thoughts. I argue that, at best, these two reasons imply that in order to have thoughts a creature must be capableof participating in triangulation, not that it must have already participated in triangulation. I then argue that triangulation doesn't solve the ambiguity problem; that is, it doesn't entail that a being's thoughts and utterances are about distal objects rather than proximal patterns of stimulation. Fortunately, ambiguity, like other forms of indeterminacy, doesn't entail that we cannot have thoughts.
Color y qualia. Ni representacionismo ni fenomenismo
Authors: Ibarra Andoni , Txapartegi Ekai 
Published: March 2020

El debate entre representacionistas y fenomenistas acerca del realismo de los qualia parece no avanzar. Este artículo defiende una solución que no es ni representacionista ni fenomenista. En contra de los representacionistas mantenemos que no todo contenido perceptual es reducible a su contenido representacional. En contra de los fenomenistas sostenemos que todo contenido perceptual es contenido intencional. Negamos así la existencia de los qualia, de aquellos, al menos, caracterizados de manera más estándar. Finalmente, mostramos que nuestra propuesta —situada entre el representacionismo y el fenomenismo— no ha sido explorada, porque se ha asumido, erróneamente, que todo contenido no representacional debe ser contenido no intencional.
En la cuerda floja. El acceso normativo en Practical Reality
Authors: Gaitán Torres Antonio 
Published: March 2020

Este artículo presenta una alternativa a la dicotomía entre razones motivacionales y razones normativas. En Practical Reality (PR), Dancy mantiene que ambas razones se identifican con estados externos al agente —"tesis de la identidad" (TI)—. Hay dos argumentos en PR a favor de la TI: El primero se basa en una interpretación externista del significado de "tener una razón". El segundo presenta una vía indirecta, defendiendo que las adscripciones de razones según estados psicológicos internos no son casos centrales en las explicaciones normativas. Estas dos críticas ignorarían una fuerte intuición normativa: el "acceso epistémico". Si ésta es persuasiva, los estados internos no pueden ser eliminables.
The Automatic and the Incomplete. Remarks on Recanati’s Literal Meaning
Authors: Predelli Stefano 
Published: March 2020

In this essay, I focus on Recanati’s treatment of ‘What is said’ in his book Literal Meaning. I discuss Recanati’s conception of Minimalism, his views on propositional completeness, and his understanding of the processes governing the semantic interpretation of meaning-controlled contextuality. In the final sections, I draw some conclusions pertaining to Recanati’s assessment of the interface between pragmatic and semantic processes.
Un pseudoproblema para el minimismo
Authors: Chaves Ruiz José E. 
Published: March 2020

El objetivo principal de este artículo es contribuir al debate entre contextualistas y minimistas, mostrando cómo uno de los principales argumentos en contra del minimismo, que denominaré el “Argumento de la pérdida de generalidad de la noción de implicatura”, descansa en una mala comprensión o en una simplificación del mecanismo de generación de implicaturas conversacionales.
José María Torralba, Acción intencional y razonamiento práctico según G.E.M. Anscombe y G.E.M. Anscombe, La filosofía analítica y la espiritualidad del hombre
Authors: Ortiz-Millán Gustavo 
Published: March 2020

José María Torralba, Acción intencional y razonamiento práctico según G.E.M. Anscombe y G.E.M. Anscombe, La filosofía analítica y la espiritualidad del hombre
Sainsbury on Thinking about an Object
Authors: Crane Tim 
Published: March 2020

R.M. Sainsbury’s account of reference has many compelling and attractive features. But it has the undesirable consequence that sentences of the form “x is thinking about y” can never be true when y is replaced by a non-referring term. Of the two obvious ways to deal with this problem within Sainsbury’s framework, I reject one (the analysis of thinking about as a propositional attitude) and endorse the other(treating “thinks about” as akin to an intensional transitive verb). This endorsement is also within the spirit of Sainsbury’s account of reference.
What to Say When There Is Nothing to Talk about
Authors: Dumitru Mircea , Kroon Frederick 
Published: March 2020

In Reference without Referents, Mark Sainsbury aims to provide an account of reference that honours the common-sense view that sentences containing empty names like “Vulcan” and “Santa Claus” are entirely intelligible, and that many such sentences —“Vulcan doesn’t exist”, “Many children believe that Santa Claus will give them presents at Christmas”, etc.— are literally true. Sainsbury’s account endorses the Davidsonian program in the theory of meaning, and combines this with a commitment to Negative Free Logic, which holds that all simple sentences containing empty names are false. In this critical review, we pose a number of problems for this account. In particular, we question the ability of Negative Free Logic to make appropriate sense of the truth of familiar sentences containing empty names, including negative existential claims like “Vulcan doesn’t exist”.
Aptness and Safety: How Are They Related?
Authors: Fernández Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2020

In A Virtue Epistemology, Ernest Sosa defines the notions of safety and aptness of beliefs and uses them to characterize two kinds of knowledge, animal and reflective. This paper tries to bring out what I take as an incoherence in Sosa’s views concerning how safety and aptness relate to knowledge and to each other. I discuss an apparent counterexample Sosa gives to his final view that aptness suffices for animal knowledge and argue that in fact the principle on which Sosa responds to the counterexample does not permit the response he offers. The principle in question is problematic for Sosa’s epistemology in a deeper way: it doesn’t seem to cohere with Sosa’s view that only aptness, not safety, is required for animal knowledge.
Procesos cognitivos y crítica política: ¿una política ilustrada en sentido platónico?
Authors: Molas Josep Monserrat 
Published: March 2020

La tensión entre una concepción oligárquica y una concepción democrática de la política corre pareja a la tensión entre una concepción elitista y otra universalista del conocimiento. Hasta qué punto el texto platónico del Político sostiene ambos extremos de las dos tensiones es algo que también se relaciona con la complejidad de la metáfora náutica que gobierna el argumento político.
Short-Selling Threats and Real Earnings Management—International Evidence
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Qin Yafeng , Bai Min 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates the effect of a short-selling threat on managers' earnings management choices in an international setting. Using data from 22 countries between 2003 and 2015, we find that a short-selling threat constrains real earnings management, and this effect is mainly driven by firms operating in countries with weak shareholder protection. Furthermore, we also reveal that the monitoring effect of short selling is more pronounced in countries where short selling is not only legal, but also feasible.
Parisuhdediskurssit muistisairaiden ihmisten ja puolisoiden haastattelupuheessa
Authors: Poutiainen Saila , Kytö Sinikka , Virtanen Ira , Pekkala Seija 
Published: March 2020

Parisuhde on ihmisten välisessä viestinnässä rakentuva suhde, jossa toimimista ohjaavat kulttuuriset käsitykset (esim. Baxter 2011; Fitch 1998; Sigman 1995).
Parisuhteen on yleisesti todettu vaikuttavan yksilön hyvinvointiin myönteisesti. Yksilön kognitiivisia ja viestinnällisiä kykyjä heikentävään muistisairauteen sairastuminen kuitenkin muuttaa parisuhdetta ja sen luonnetta. Parisuhdeviestinnän ja suhteen kulttuurinen tarkastelu on tähänastisissa muistisairaiden ihmisten ja heidän puolisoidensa tutkimuksissa jäänyt vähäiseksi. Artikkelissa raportoidun tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tuottaa syvempää ymmärrystä muistisairaan ihmisen ja puolison välisestä suhteesta. Diskurssianalyysin avulla haastattelupuheesta tunnistettiin kulttuurisia oletuksia ja merkityksiä parisuhteille, joissa toinen osapuoli sairastaa muistisairautta. Aineisto koostui 13 tutkimus- ja mediahaastattelusta. Artikkelissa pohditaan parisuhteen luonnetta hoidollisena suhteena, viestinnän merkitystä suhteelle ja diskurssien taustalla tulkittavaa interpersonaalista ideologiaa. Lisäksi tutkimus peilaa tunnistettuja diskursseja aiempaan muistisairautta koskevaan sosiokulttuuriseen tutkimukseen.