bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low herbicide doses can change the responses of weeds to subsequent treatments in the next generation: metamitron exposed PSII‐target‐site resistant Chenopodium album as a case study
Authors: Belz Regina G 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is well known that exposure to mild stress can precondition organisms to better tolerate subsequent stress exposure in the same or future generations. Since herbicide hormesis also represents a moderate stress to exposed plants, a transgenerational priming is likely but not proven. Especially in herbicide‐resistant weeds showing enhanced reproductive fitness after regular herbicide treatments, the ability to induce resilient offspring phenotypes via hormesis may hasten the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This hypothesis was studied for the triazinone metamitron in an F1 offspring generation of PSII target‐site resistant (TSR) plants of Chenopodium album propagated after parental conditioning with various metamitron doses.RESULTSIn two independent dose–response greenhouse trials, there was a positive correlation between the strength of the stimulatory response during parental preconditioning and the magnitude of transgenerational changes in herbicide sensitivity and hormesis expression. Parental conditioning at subhormetic and toxic concentrations lead to less resilient offspring, while conditioning doses that induced a pronounced hormetic effect in F0 plants had a sensitivity‐reducing and hormesis‐promoting effect on the offspring. The observed reduction in sensitivity in F1 plants compared to unconditioned F1 plants was up to 2.2‐fold.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that hormetic herbicide treatments have the ability to prime weeds for enhanced tolerance to subsequent treatments in the next generation. Effects proved dose sensitive and may act in concert with other stimulatory adaptations in plant populations. This is relevant for weed control and herbicide resistance evolution, but also for herbicide side‐effects that go beyond the exposed area. © 2020 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Revisiting the generalized pseudospectral method: Radial expectation values, fine structure, and hyperfine splitting of confined atom
Authors: Zhu Lin , He Yu Ying , Jiao Li Guang , Wang Yuan Cheng , Ho Yew Kam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper revisits the generalized pseudospectral (GPS) method on the calculation of various radial expectation values of atomic systems, especially on the spatially confined hydrogen atom and harmonic oscillator. As one of the collocation methods based on global functions, the powerfulness and robustness of the GPS method has been well established in solving the radial Schrödinger equation with high accuracy. However, in our recent work, it was found that the previous calculations based on the GPS method for the radial expectation values of confined systems show significant discrepancies with other theoretical methods. In this work we have tackled such a problem by tracing its source to the GPS method and found that the method itself may not be able to obtain the system wave function at the origin. Combined with an extrapolation method developed here, the GPS method can fully reproduce the radial quantities obtained by other theoretical methods, but with more flexibility, efficiency, and accuracy. We apply the GPS‐extrapolation method to investigate the relatievistic fine structure and hyperfine splitting of confined hydrogen atom in s‐wave states where the zero‐point wave function dominates. Good agreement with previous predictions is obtained for confined hydrogen in low‐lying states, and benchmark results are obtained for high‐lying excited states. The perturbation treatment of the fine and hyperfine interactions is validated in the confining environment.
Pembrolizumab‐induced secondary sclerosing cholangitis in a non‐small cell lung cancer patient
Authors: Matsumoto Sachiko , Watanabe Keisuke , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Irie Kuniyasu , Yamanaka Shoji , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 50‐year‐old woman with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma received seven cycles of pembrolizumab as third‐line chemotherapy. Following the failure of pembrolizumab, she commenced fourth‐line chemotherapy of docetaxel and ramucirumab. The patient complained of epigastric pain and a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed oedema‐like thickening of the gallbladder wall, dilation of the bile ducts from the common to the intrahepatic bile ducts, and thickening of the common bile duct wall without any visible obstructions. Accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the gallbladder wall and bile duct was also detected with positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT. A biopsy of the extrahepatic bile duct showed non‐specific inflammation. Antibiotic treatment was not effective and pathogens were not detected. The patient was diagnosed with secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) by pembrolizumab. She received 80 mg/day of prednisolone (PSL); however, SSC recurred with tapering of PSL. SSC then improved with steroid pulse therapy and subsequently 50 mg/day azathioprine and 80 mg/day PSL.
TGF-β secreted by human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates atopic dermatitis by inhibiting secretion of TNF-α and IgE
Authors: Park Hwan hee , Lee Seunghee , Yu Yeonsil , Yoo Sae Mi , Baek Song Yi , Jung Namhee , Seo Kwang-Won , Kang Kyung-Sun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutics for autoimmune diseases due to their immunomodulatory effects. In particular, human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) have a prominent therapeutic effect on atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study investigated the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in the therapeutic effect of hUCB-MSCs on AD. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of TGF-β disrupted the therapeutic effect of hUCB-MSCs in a mouse model of AD by attenuating the beneficial changes in histopathology, mast cell infiltration, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression, and the serum IgE level. To confirm that hUCB-MSCs regulate secretion of TNF-α, we investigated whether they inhibit TNF-α secretion by activated LAD2 cells. Coculture with hUCB-MSCs significantly inhibited secretion of TNF-α by LAD2 cells. However, this effect was abolished by siRNA-mediated depletion of TGF-β in hUCB-MSCs. TNF-α expression in activated LAD2 cells was regulated by the extracellular signal-related kinase signaling pathway and was suppressed by TGF-β secreted from hUCB-MSCs. In addition, TGF-β secreted by hUCB-MSCs inhibited maturation of B cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that TGF-β plays a key role in the therapeutic effect of hUCB-MSCs on AD by regulating TNF-α in mast cells and maturation of B cells.
ER stress activates immunosuppressive network: implications for aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Salminen Antero , Kaarniranta Kai , Kauppinen Anu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains stress sensors which recognize the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the lumen of ER, and subsequently these transducers stimulate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The ER sensors include the IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 transducers which activate the UPR in an attempt to restore the quality of protein folding and thus maintain cellular homeostasis. If there is excessive stress, UPR signaling generates alarmins, e.g., chemokines and cytokines, which activate not only tissue-resident immune cells but also recruit myeloid and lymphoid cells into the affected tissues. ER stress is a crucial inducer of inflammation in many pathological conditions. A chronic low-grade inflammation and cellular senescence have been associated with the aging process and many age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, it is known that immune cells can exhibit great plasticity, i.e., they are able to display both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in a context-dependent manner. The microenvironment encountered in chronic inflammatory conditions triggers a compensatory immunosuppression which defends tissues from excessive inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that chronic ER stress augments the suppressive phenotypes of immune cells, e.g., in tumors and other inflammatory disorders. The activation of immunosuppressive network, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), has been involved in the aging process and Alzheimer’s disease. We will examine in detail whether the ER stress-related changes found in aging tissues and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with the activation of immunosuppressive network, as has been observed in tumors and many chronic inflammatory diseases.
Higher frequency hedonic property price indices: a state-space approach
Authors: Hill Robert J. , Rambaldi Alicia N. , Scholz Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe hedonic imputation method allows characteristic shadow prices to evolve over time. These shadow prices are used to construct matched samples of predicted prices, which are inserted into standard price index formulas. We use a spatio-temporal model to improve the method’s effectiveness on housing data at higher frequencies. The problem is that at higher frequencies, there may not be enough observations per period to reliably estimate the characteristic shadow prices. In such cases, the reliability of the hedonic imputation method is improved by using a state-space formulation which yields estimates of the shadow prices that are weighted sums of previous periods’ information. In addition, the state-space representation of the model includes a geospatial spline surface which significantly reduces the number of parameters to be estimated when compared to the standard practice of including postcode dummies in the model. Empirically, using a novel criterion, we show that in higher frequency comparisons, our hedonic method outperforms competing alternatives.
Growth and mortality of Norway spruce and European beech in monospecific and mixed-species stands under natural episodic and experimentally extended drought. Results of the KROOF throughfall exclusion experiment
Authors: Pretzsch H. , Grams T. , Häberle K. H. , Pritsch K. , Bauerle T. , Rötzer T. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Key message
Under severe drought, growth of Norway spruce suffered much more than European beech. Norway spruce benefited from growing in the environment of beech, and both species acclimated slightly to 5 years of experimentally extended drought.

Abstract
Recent studies show that the detrimental effects of drought on stand growth are mitigated when the stand contains mixed tree species. We analysed the growth responses of Norway spruce and European beech to episodic and experimentally extended drought in intra- and inter-specific mature stands. We used annual diameter growth records dating back to 1998 to determine the impact of the natural episodic drought in 2003 and 2015. To analyse extended drought, spruce and beech trees were exposed to extreme drought under automatic throughfall exclusion roofs from 2014 to 2018. The growth of spruce in an inter-specific environment with beech was 20–50% less affected by natural episodic drought compared with an intra-specific constellation. When beech grew in an inter-specific environment, it was by 23% more affected by drought compared to intra-specific conditions, but seemed to recover faster. The induced drought from 2014 to 2018 resulted in a strong growth reduction in the first year particularly for spruce, followed by a slight acclimation to the dry conditions. Beech acclimated and recovered faster than spruce across all growing conditions, while spruce only acclimatized faster in the environment of beech. Both species showed a higher mortality under induced drought compared with the controls; for spruce, the mortality rate was fivefold higher compared to the long-term mortality. The long-term moderate-growth stabilization and the growth increase after the 5-year exposure to drought suggest a gradual acclimation to drought by beech. The resistance and acclimation to drought of spruce when growing in mixture should be considered when designing resource efficient and productive mixed conifer-broadleaved stands for future climates.
Mandibular dental implant placement immediately after teeth removal in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Alberga Jamie M. , Korfage Anke , Bonnema Ilse , Witjes Max J. H. , Vissink Arjan , Raghoebar Gerry M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known about immediate implant placement in head and neck cancer patients. We studied implant survival and functional outcomes of overdentures fabricated on implants placed immediately after removal of the lower dentition during ablative surgery or preceding primary radiotherapy (RT).

Methods
Inclusion criteria were primary head and neck cancer, dentate lower jaw, and indication for removal of remaining teeth. Two implants to support a mandibular overdenture were placed immediately after extraction of the dentition during ablative surgery, or prior to starting primary radiotherapy. Standardized questionnaires and clinical assessments were conducted (median follow-up 18.5 months, IQR 13.3).

Results
Fifty-eight implants were placed in 29 patients. Four implants were lost (implant survival rate 93.1%). In 9 patients, no functional overdenture could be made. All patients were satisfied with their dentures.

Conclusions
Combining dental implant placement with removal of remaining teeth preceding head neck oncology treatment results in a favorable treatment outcome.
Risk of hernia formation after radical prostatectomy: a comparison between open and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy within the prospectively controlled LAPPRO trial
Authors: Nilsson H. , Stranne J. , Hugosson J. , Wessman C. , Steineck G. , Bjartell A. , Carlsson S. , Thorsteinsdottir T. , Tyritzis S. I. , Lantz A. , Wiklund P. , Haglind E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In addition to incisional hernia, inguinal hernia is a recognized complication to radical retropubic prostatectomy. To compare the risk of developing inguinal and incisional hernias after open radical prostatectomy compared to robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.

Method
Patients planned for prostatectomy were enrolled in the prospective, controlled LAPPRO trial between September 2008 and November 2011 at 14 hospitals in Sweden. Information regarding patient characteristics, operative techniques and occurrence of postoperative inguinal and incisional hernia were retrieved using six clinical record forms and four validated questionnaires.

Results
3447 patients operated with radical prostatectomy were analyzed. Within 24 months, 262 patients developed an inguinal hernia, 189 (7.3%) after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and 73 (8.4%) after open radical prostatectomy. The relative risk of having an inguinal hernia after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy was 18% lower compared to open radical retropubic prostatectomy, a non-significant difference. Risk factors for developing an inguinal hernia after prostatectomy were increased age, low BMI and previous hernia repair. The incidence of incisional hernia was low regardless of surgical technique. Limitations are the non-randomised setting.

Conclusions
We found no difference in incidence of inguinal hernia after open retropubic and robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The low incidence of incisional hernia after both procedures did not allow for statistical analysis. Risk factors for developing an inguinal hernia after prostatectomy were increased age and BMI.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Neutrally-Stratified Turbulent Flow Within and Above Plant Canopy Using the Central-Moments-Based Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Watanabe Tsutomu , Shimoyama Kou , Kawashima Masayuki , Mizoguchi Yasuko , Inagaki Atsushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA central-moments-based lattice Boltzmann model for large-eddy simulation of neutrally-stratified turbulent flows is described. Through comparative simulations of the airflow within and above a homogeneous plant canopy, the performance of the model is evaluated with respect to a conventional large-eddy-simulation model based on the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. Simulated turbulence statistics, such as the mean velocity, velocity variances, velocity skewness, and power spectra, are shown to be almost identical between the two models. The spatial structure of coherent eddies and their maintenance processes are also confirmed to be properly represented by the lattice Boltzmann method through analysis of the turbulence kinetic energy budget and spatial two-point correlation functions. Using the simulated results, the energetics of the streamwise-elongated streaky structures commonly observed over vegetation and urban canopies are examined. While the short-wavelength components of the shear-generated streamwise kinetic energy are redirected rapidly by pressure to the lateral and vertical velocity components, long-wavelength energy tends to remain in the streamwise velocity component, which is dissipated in relatively slower processes. Consequently, the streaky structures persist in the streamwise velocity component.
Derivation of an effective thermal electrochemical model for porous electrode batteries using asymptotic homogenisation
Authors: Hunt M. J. , Brosa Planella F. , Theil F. , Widanage W. D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThermal electrochemical models for porous electrode batteries (such as lithium ion batteries) are widely used. Due to the multiple scales involved, solving the model accounting for the porous microstructure is computationally expensive; therefore, effective models at the macroscale are preferable. However, these effective models are usually postulated ad hoc rather than systematically upscaled from the microscale equations. We present an effective thermal electrochemical model obtained using asymptotic homogenisation, which includes the electrochemical model at the cell level coupled with a thermal model that can be defined at either the cell or the battery level. The main aspects of the model are the consideration of thermal effects, the diffusion effects in the electrode particles, and the anisotropy of the material based on the microstructure, all of them incorporated in a systematic manner. We also compare the homogenised model with the standard electrochemical Doyle, Fuller & Newman model.
‘Kutonga Kwaro Gamba’: Politics and the renaming of defence cantonments in the ‘Second Republic’ in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mamvura Zvinashe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLike Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa, Zimbabwe was one of the countries that the imperial mission had targeted to establish as a settler economy. The objective of creating a white settler colony was evident in the entire colonial system, including place naming. Generally, place naming served political functions of declaring power and authority over the entire colony. While white minority rule ended in 1980, it, however, left some symbolic imprints on the cultural landscape of the independent nation, Zimbabwe. Given that colonialism entrenched white identity on the cultural landscape, this article interrogates efforts by the Mnangagwa government, which assumed political office in November 2017, to dislodge Rhodesian memory from the cultural landscape. This article demonstrates that decolonisation is not an event but an ongoing process that political elites execute whenever they want to serve present political purposes. It interrogates the dialectics of political power and remembering the past in Zimbabwe during the aftermath of the military-induced political change of November 2017. The re-inscription of the landscape that the Mnangagwa regime executed specifically targeted military cantonments throughout the country. This decolonisation process was ostensibly done to dismantle white identities from the cultural landscape. However, this article argues that the place renaming exercise served to write back the liberation war legacy into mainstream history, symbolically declared the regime’s political power, and served to legitimise the political status quo. These political purposes had roots in the succession race and the internal party politics within the Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front (ZANU- PF) that preceded the political transition.
Coalitions’ Weights in a Dispersed System with Pawlak Conflict Model
Authors: Przybyła-Kasperek Małgorzata 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe article addresses the issues related to making decisions by an ensemble of classifiers. Classifiers are built based on local tables, the set of local tables is called a dispersed knowledge. The paper discusses a novel application of Pawlak analysis model to examine the relations between classifiers and to create coalitions of classifiers. Each coalition has access to some aggregated knowledge on the basis of which joint decisions are made. Various types of coalitions are formed—a strong coalitions consisting of a large number and significant classifiers, and a weak coalitions consisting of insignificant classifiers. The new contributions of the paper is a systematical investigation of the weights of coalitions that influence the final decision. Four different method of calculating the strength of the coalitions have been applied. Each of these methods consider another aspect of the structure of the coalitions. Generally, it has been experimentally confirmed that, for a method that correctly identifies the relations between base classifiers, the use of coalitions weights improves the quality of classification. More specifically, it has been statistically confirmed that the best results are generated by the weighting method that is based on the size of the coalitions and the method based on the unambiguous of the decisions.
k-partial permutations and the center of the wreath product $${\mathcal {S}}_k\wr {\mathcal {S}}_n$$ algebra
Authors: Tout Omar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe generalize the concept of partial permutations of Ivanov and Kerov and introducek-partial permutations. This allows us to show that the structure coefficients of the center of the wreath product$${\mathcal {S}}_k\wr {\mathcal {S}}_n$$Sk≀Snalgebra are polynomials innwith nonnegative integer coefficients. We use a universal algebra$${\mathcal {I}}_\infty ^k$$I∞k, which projects on the center$$Z({\mathbb {C}}[{\mathcal {S}}_k\wr {\mathcal {S}}_n])$$Z(C[Sk≀Sn])for eachn. We show that$${\mathcal {I}}_\infty ^k$$I∞kis isomorphic to the algebra of shifted symmetric functions on many alphabets.
Job Crafting Among American Workers with Disabilities
Authors: Brucker Debra L. , Sundar Vidya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeJob crafting is an informal, employee-initiated approach to job re-design that has not been tested among people with disabilities, thus far. The purpose of this study is to examine crafting behaviors of workers with disabilities and individual factors associated with crafting behaviors.MethodsWe conducted a survey of employees with disabilities who were 18–64 years old and had at least 1 year of work experience. Bivariate and multivariate methods were used to: (1) compare the use of job crafting behaviors between our sample and published results from a sample of the general population; (2) identify individual characteristics associated with job crafting for workers with disabilities.ResultsPersons with disabilities engage in job crafting behaviors, albeit at lower levels than that reported in a broader sample (Int J Wellbeing,https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v3i2.1, 2013). Education, and disability type (visual and mobility impairment) were associated with certain types of crafting behaviors.ConclusionsAs job crafting can be associated with higher levels of engagement and career growth among persons without disabilities, findings from this research can be utilized to design programs and policies that support the career goals of people with disabilities beyond labor force participation.