bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the association of Lamotrigine and Phenytoin‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with HLA‐B*1502 in Iranian population
Authors: Sabourirad Sara , Mortezaee Reza , Mojarad Majid , Eslahi Atieh , Shahrokhi Yahya , Kiafar Bita , Jarahi Lida , Afkhami Ardakani Saman , Farrokhi Shima 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have found an association between HLA‐B*1502 allele and lamotrigine‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS)/ toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) spectrum in Han Chinese populations. This study aims to investigate the association between HLA‐B*1502 and lamotrigine‐ or phenytoin‐ induced SJS/TEN in an Iranian population. The medical records of twenty‐eight lamotrigine‐induced SJS/TEN patients and twenty‐five lamotrigine‐tolerant controls as well as eight phenytoin‐induced SJS/TEN and twelve phenytoin‐tolerant controls were extracted between March 2013 and March 2019 from the university hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. The presence of HLA‐B*1502 allele was determined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among lamotrigine‐induced patients with SJS/TEN, 11 (39.3%) patients tested positive for the HLA‐B*1502 while only 3 (12.0%) of the lamotrigine‐tolerant controls tested positive for this allele. The risk of lamotrigine‐induced SJS/TEN was significantly higher in patients with HLA‐B*1502, with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–19.73, p = 0.032]. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of HLA‐B*1502 for lamotrigine‐induced SJS/TEN was 39.29%, 88.00%, 78.57% and 56.41%, respectively. The HLA‐B*1502 allele was present in 2 (25.0%) of phenytoin‐induced SJS/TEN cases and 5 (41.7%) of the phenytoin‐tolerant controls tested positive for HLA‐B*1502 allele. The risk of phenytoin‐induced SJS/TEN was not higher in the patients with HLA‐B*1502 (OR = 0.467 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.065‐3.34, p = 0.642]). Lamotrigine‐induced SJS/TEN is associated with HLA‐B*1502 allele in an Iranian population but this is not the case for phenytoin‐induced SJS/TEN.
Advance care planning and advance directive awareness among East Asian older adults: Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea
Authors: Kawakami Aki , Kwong Enid WY , Lai Claudia KY , Song Mi Sook , Boo Sunjoo , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: November 2020

AimPopulation aging is a global phenomenon, and East Asian countries are no exception. However, the use of advance care planning (ACP) and advance directives (ADs) are not widespread in East Asia. This study aimed to examine the awareness of ACP/ADs and its related factors among community‐dwelling older persons in Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, cross‐cultural questionnaire conducted among a convenience sample of community‐dwelling persons. The questionnaire included information regarding awareness of ACP/ADs and personal information. Multiple logistic regression was used assess relationships between awareness of ACP/ADs and potential related factors.ResultsThe sample consisted of 404 community‐dwelling older adults: 174 (43.0%) from Japan, 132 (32.7%) from Hong Kong and 98 (24.3%) from South Korea. In total, 122 participants (30.2%) had heard of ACP/ADs. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that an educational level >12 years was significantly associated with increased ACP/ADs awareness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–4.07, P = 0.01). The rate of those who have heard of ACP/ADs was significantly higher among Japanese than South Koreans were (AOR: 4.54, 95% CI: 1.64–12.58, P < 0.01), those from Hong Kong than South Korea (AOR: 5.15, 95% CI 1.89–14.0, P < 0.01) after some variables with significant differences among the three countries were controlled.ConclusionsIn particular, support tailored to the targets' educational levels will be required. It is also suggested that support is needed to enhance awareness of ACP/ADs in East Asia, although there is a difference in degree of awareness among the three countries. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 71–76.
Immune evaluation of aSaccharomyces cerevisiae‐based oral vaccine againstHelicobacter pyloriin mice
Authors: Cen Qianhong , Gao Tong , Ren Yi , Lu Xin , Lei Han 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a common human pathogenic bacterium that is associated with gastric diseases. The current leading clinical therapy is combination antibiotics, but this treatment has safety issues, especially the induction of drug resistance. Therefore, developing a safe and effective vaccine againstH. pyloriis one of the best alternatives.ObjectiveTo developSaccharomyces cerevisiae(S. cerevisiae)‐based oral vaccines and then demonstrate the feasibility of this platform for preventingH. pyloriinfection in the absence of a mucosal adjuvant.Materials and MethodsSaccharomyces cerevisiae(S. cerevisiae)‐based oral vaccines, including EBY100/pYD1‐UreB and EBY100/pYD1‐VacA, were generated and analyzed by Western blot, Immunofluorescence analysis, flow cytometric assay, and indirect enzyme‐link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, antibody responses induced by oral administration of EBY100/pYD1‐UreB, EBY100/pYD1‐VacA, or EBY100/pYD1‐UreB + EBY100/pYD1‐VacA were measured in a mouse model. Lastly, the vaccinated mice were infected withH. pyloriSS1, and colonization in the stomach were evaluated.ResultsSaccharomyces cerevisiae‐basedH. pylorioral vaccines were successfully constructed. Mice orally administered with EBY100/pYD1‐UreB, EBY100/pYD1‐VacA, or EBY100/pYD1‐UreB + EBY100/pYD1‐VacA exhibited a significant humoral immune response as well as a mucosal immune response. Importantly,S. cerevisiae‐based oral vaccines could effectively reduce bacterial loads with statistical significance afterH. pyloriinfection.ConclusionsOur study shows thatS. cerevisiae‐based platforms can serve as an alternative approach for the future development of promising bacterial oral vaccine candidates.
Characteristics of patients aged over 75 years with hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct‐acting antivirals in Japan: Evidence based on the nationwide, real‐world database in Japan
Authors: Masaki Naohiko , Kawasaki Youhei , Nozaki Yuichi , Yanase Mikio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have dramatically changed the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Their high efficacy helps in eradicating hepatitis C virus with few adverse events. Information on real‐world use of DAAs therapy in patients aged 75 years and older is inadequate.MethodsThe Japanese DAAs database was constructed in 2014 as a cooperative system between 18 prefectures. The medical reports filled in by doctors and anonymized at the local government office were collected. The patients' demographic features, viral factors, and treatment characteristics were compared among three groups stratified by age when therapy was initiated: Group A (<60 years old), Group B (60–74 years old), and Group C (≥75 years old).ResultsOut of the 22,454 patients whose age upon starting therapy could be identified, 24.8% (n = 5597) belonged to Group C, which was ten times the number in the Japanese Interferon Database. Female patients, advanced stages of liver fibrosis, and past history of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment were significantly higher in the older age groups (Group A < B < C), whereas sustained virologic response (SVR) rates were not different (91%–93%). In Group C, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that predicting factors for virologic response varied among DAAs regimens. However, the completion of DAAs therapy commonly contributed to SVR, regardless of DAAs regimen.ConclusionsDAAs therapy is associated with high SVR rates, even in the oldest age group, and therapy should not be withheld on the basis of old age.
The diagnostic and clinical significance of granulomas in gastrointestinal biopsies from haematopoietic transplant patients
Authors: Wong Newton A C S , Marks David I 
Published: November 2020

AimsThe diagnostic and clinical significance of granulomas in gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies from haematopoietic transplant patients remains disputed, especially following the proposal of cord colitis syndrome (CCS) as a new entity. The aim of the following study was to explore this controversy by identifying such biopsies with granulomas and detailing their clinicopathological associations.Methods and resultsTwelve patients with granuloma‐containing biopsies were identified from across three scenarios: prospectively during a GI pathologist’s routine practice over a period of 5 years; retrospectively from a cohort of transplant patients with clinically validated GI graft versus host disease (GVHD); and retrospectively from a cohort of patients who had received umbilical cord blood (UCB). Their clinicopathological assessments (which included unique long‐term patient follow‐up) showed that granulomas are only rarely seen across all GI biopsies from haematopoietic transplant patients, and may uncommonly constitute a histological feature of GI GVHD. Granulomas—and especially well‐defined, non‐cryptolytic ones—are more commonly present in GI biopsies from UCB recipients, but do not show any accompanying histological features that are different from those seen in granuloma‐containing biopsies from other patient groups. Furthermore, the three UCB recipients with granuloma‐containing biopsies were clinically diagnosed with GVHD rather than CCS. Finally, polymorphic post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) can present histologically as GI granulomatous inflammation that mimics Crohn’s disease.ConclusionsGranulomas in GI biopsies of haematopoietic transplant patients may often indicate a treatable aetiology such as GVHD or PTLD. Granulomas are more commonly seen in GI biopsies from UCB recipients, but do not necessarily indicate a diagnosis of CCS.
Combining citizen science and weather radar data to study large‐scale bird movements
Authors: Weisshaupt Nadja , Lehtiniemi Teemu , Koistinen Jarmo 
Published: November 2020

The study of large‐scale animal mass movements requires suitable large‐scale sampling methods. Weather radar (WR) has been known to register biological targets since the 1960s. Arranged in large networks, radar is suitable to study regional to continent‐wide dynamics of aerofauna and to respond to increasing human–wildlife conflicts in the air. Tools for the spatiotemporal validation of faunistic interpretations of WR measurements in situ are only sparsely available. Citizen science (CS) bird observation repositories established in the past 20 years have accumulated millions of entries of species‐specific information well beyond their time of existence across vast areas. Together with other CS data sources, these databases can relieve the taxonomic shortcomings of WR and thus extend and refine the use of WR data. CS and WR data combined can efficiently provide large amounts of species‐specific data in three dimensions in a short time at low or no cost. Species‐specific data are particularly relevant to tackle loss of biodiversity, one of the greatest challenges in today's world. In this forum paper, we present features and qualities of ornithological CS and WR data, and their potential to provide unprecedented insights into regional to continent‐wide aerial movements of birds. We aim to discuss specific fields of applications where maximum information yield is to be expected, which is otherwise inaccessible, and in which way combined approaches would support biological research and derived data products and services for stakeholders, e.g. in aviation and the general public as beneficiaries.
Research on dental plaque removal methods for efficient oral prophylaxis: With a focus on air polishing and rubber cup polishing
Authors: Park Bo‐young , Kim Minjung , park Junghyun , Jeong Ju‐Hui , Noh Hiejin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to compare the plaque control effectiveness of rubber cup polishing with that of air polishing during oral prophylaxis procedures and to investigate the effect of the order of air‐polishing application on the efficiency of oral prophylaxis.MethodsThe study included adult patients (≥20 years of age) who had visited the dental clinic for oral prophylaxis. A total of 173 subjects were divided into three groups (scaling followed by rubber cup polishing, SR; scaling followed by air polishing, SA; and air polishing followed by scaling, AS) based on sex, age, oral health status, oral hygiene status, and indications and contraindications according to the oral prophylaxis method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the difference in oral prophylaxis time, residual deposits rate, subjects and dental hygienist satisfaction.ResultsThe total scaling time was shorter in the AS group (15.4 ± 6.9 minutes) than in the SA (18.7 ± 5.5 minutes) and SR groups (19.9 ± 6.2 minutes) (p < 0.05). The rate of residual deposits was significantly higher in the SR group than in the AS or SA groups (p < 0.05). The satisfaction level of dental hygienists was higher in the AS group (8.8 ± 1.0 points) and the SA group (8.4 ± 1.0 points) than in the SR group (6.2 ± 1.3 points).ConclusionDuring oral prophylaxis, dental plaque removal using air polishing requires a relatively longer time when compared to rubber cup polishing, but it can better eliminate dental plaque. In addition, we found that dental plaque removal using air polishing prior to scaling reduced the total scaling time.
Soluble Transferrin Receptor during infancy and reference intervals for the Roche Cobas platform
Authors: Larsson Sara Marie , Hillarp Andreas , Karlsland Åkeson Pia , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Domellöf Magnus , Askelöf Ulrica , Götherström Cecilia , Andersson Ola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionInfant iron status assessments may be difficult to interpret due to infections. The soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) has been suggested as a biomarker mainly unaffected by the acute phase response. Reference intervals reflecting dynamics of infant growth first year in life are not well established.MethodsThe sTfR and CRP concentrations were measured in samples from 451 term infants with the Roche Cobas platform in umbilical cord, at 48‐96 hours, 4 and 12 months. Reference values were constructed as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The relationship between CRP concentrations >1 mg/L and sTfR was tested by Kendall correlation.ResultsReference intervals for girls and boys were 2.4‐9.5 mg/L at birth, 2.9‐8.4 mg/L at 48‐96 hours, 2.6‐5.7 mg/L at 4 months and 3.0‐6.3 mg/L at 12 months. No differences between sexes were observed except for at 4 months. sTfR did not covariate with CRP concentrations >1 mg/L except in 48‐96 hours samples.ConclusionThis study reports reference intervals for sTfR from birth to 12 months of age in a large group of infants in a low‐risk area for iron deficiency. sTfR might add value to infant iron status diagnostics since no covariation with CRP was found at birth, at 4 months or at 12 months.
Real‐world diagnostic testing patterns for assessment of ring sideroblasts and SF3B1 mutations in patients with newly diagnosed lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Patel Jay L. , Abedi Mehrdad , Cogle Christopher R. , Erba Harry P. , Foucar Kathryn , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Grinblatt David L. , Komrokji Rami S. , Kurtin Sandra E. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Pollyea Daniel A. , Revicki Dennis A. , Roboz Gail J. , Savona Michael R. , Scott Bart L. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Steensma David P. , Thompson Michael A. , Dawn Flick Elizabeth , Kiselev Pavel , Louis Chrystal U. , Nifenecker Melissa , Swern Arlene S. , George Tracy I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe presence of ring sideroblasts (RS) and mutation of the SF3B1 gene are diagnostic of lower‐risk (LR) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and are correlated with favorable outcomes. However, information on testing and reporting in community‐based clinical settings is scarce. This study from the Connect® MDS/AML Disease Registry aimed to compare the frequency of RS and SF3B1 reporting for patients with LR‐MDS, before and after publication of the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) MDS classification criteria.MethodsRing sideroblasts assessment and molecular testing data were collected from patients with LR‐MDS at enrollment in the Registry. Patients enrolled between December 2013 and the data cutoff of March 2020 were included in this analysis.ResultsAmong 489 patients with LR‐MDS, 434 (88.8%) underwent RS assessment; 190 were assessed prior to the 2016 WHO guidelines (Cohort A), and 244 after (Cohort B). In Cohort A, 87 (45.8%) patients had RS identified; 29 (33.3%) patients had RS < 15%, none of whom underwent molecular testing for SF3B1. In Cohort B, 96 (39.3%) patients had RS identified; 31 (32.3%) patients had < 15% RS, with 13 undergoing molecular testing of which 10 were assessed for SF3B1.ConclusionsIn the Connect® MDS/AML Registry, only 32% of patients with <15% RS underwent SF3B1 testing after the publication of the WHO 2016 classification criteria. There was no change in RS assessment frequency before and after publication, despite the potential impact on diagnostic subtyping and therapy selection, suggesting an unmet need for education to increase testing rates for SF3B1 mutations.
Working‐time preferences among women: Challenging assumptions on underemployment, work centrality and work–life balance
Authors: LAMOLLA Laura , FOLGUERA‐I‐BELLMUNT Conxita , FERNÁNDEZ‐I‐MARÍN Xavier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the working‐time preferences of women working 20‐hour weeks, on different, stable schedules, in manufacturing jobs. The authors conducted qualitative and quantitative research to identify worker profiles based on these women's working‐time preferences and the reasons for them. Their findings add nuance to previous research by highlighting that: (1) some, but not all, of these employees can be considered underemployed; (2) working 20 hours a week does not equate to low work centrality and is compatible with working hours being experienced as meaningful; (3) some part‐time women workers want to keep time for non‐caring, non‐working activities despite earning a low salary.
Comprehensive analysis of inhibitory checkpoint ligand expression by glioblastoma cells
Authors: Robilliard Laverne D , Yu Jane , Anchan Akshata , Joseph Wayne , Finlay Graeme , Angel Catherine E , Scott Graham E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain malignancy commonly refractory to classical and novel chemo‐, radio‐ and immunotherapies, with median survival times of ~15 months following diagnosis. Poor immunological responses exemplified by the downregulation of T‐cell activity, and upregulation of immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment have limited the effectiveness of immunotherapy in glioblastoma to date. Here we show that glioblastoma cells express a large repertoire of inhibitory checkpoint ligands known to control effector T cell responses. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis reveals that glioblastoma cells with an enhanced stem cell‐like phenotype express several investigated ligands at significant levels on their cell surface. This reveals that glioblastoma stem‐like cells express suppressive ligands with the potential of suppressing major T cell checkpoint receptors. With this information, it is now essential that we understand the relevance of this extensive repertoire of immune checkpoint ligands and their functional consequence on immune evasion in glioblastoma. This is necessary to develop effective immunotherapeutics and to be able to match treatment to patient, especially in the light of CheckMate 143.
‘What would a trauma‐informed mental health service look like?’ Perspectives of people who access services
Authors: Isobel Sophie , Wilson Allyson , Gill Katherine , Howe Deborah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTrauma‐informed care is an approach to the delivery of mental health care based on an awareness of the high prevalence of trauma in the lives of people accessing mental health services, the effects of trauma experiences and the potential for trauma or re‐traumatization to occur in the context of care. Across Australia, inquiries and reports have increasingly indicated an urgent need for mental health services to become trauma‐informed. However, how Australian mental health services should deliver trauma‐informed care is not well documented. Efforts towards trauma‐informed care in any setting require engagement with those who receive care. This qualitative study used an experience‐based co‐design methodology to explore the perspectives of consumers of mental health services in Australia and their family members, in relation to the question ‘what would a trauma‐informed mental health service look like?’ Focus groups were held with consumers (n = 10) and carers (n = 10). Thematic analysis of transcripts identified that consumers and carers consider that trauma‐informed care requires increased awareness of trauma amongst mental health staff, opportunities to collaborate in care, active efforts by services to build trust and create safety, the provision of a diversity of models and consistency and continuation of care. The findings provide important new information about the experiences of Australian service users and have implications for the implementation of trauma‐informed care across settings.
Protective stabilization in pediatric dentistry: A qualitative study on the perceptions of mothers, psychologists, and pediatric dentists
Authors: Ilha Mariana Cezar , Feldens Carlos Alberto , Razera Josiane , Vivian Aline Groff , de Rosa Barros Coelho Elisa Maria , Kramer Paulo Floriani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence regarding the feelings evoked, distress caused, and the best way to conduct protective stabilization for the management of young children is lacking.AimDescribe the perceptions of mothers, psychologists, and pediatric dentists regarding the use of protective stabilization during the dental care of children up to three years of age attending a University Dental Clinic in southern Brazil.DesignAfter watching a video of dental care involving the protective stabilization technique, individualized qualitative interviews were held with three groups [mothers (n = 5), psychologists (n = 7), and pediatric dentists (n = 4)] to investigate four categories of interest: importance of the technique, affective attitude, distress caused to the child, and participation of parents. After the transcription of the recorded comments, qualitative content analysis was performed.ResultsProtective stabilization generated emotional discomfort but was well accepted by all groups. All expressed the need to create a bond between the dentist and caregiver; and the active participation of the caregiver was considered fundamental. The mothers and psychologists rejected other options, such as passive restraint, general anesthesia, and sedation.ConclusionThe three groups admitted having negative feelings, recognized the importance of protective stabilization, and suggested conditions for its use.