bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining a Peak-luminosity/Decline-rate Relationship for Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Hinkle Jason T. , Holoien Thomas W.-S. , Shappee Benjamin. J. , Auchettl Katie , Kochanek Christopher S. , Stanek K. Z. , Payne Anna V. , Thompson Todd A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We compare the luminosity, radius, and temperature evolution of the UV/optical blackbodies for 21 well-observed tidal disruption events (TDEs), 8 of which were discovered by the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae. We find that the blackbody radii generally increase prior to peak and slowly decline at late times. The blackbody temperature evolution is generally flat, with a few objects showing small-scale variations. The bolometric UV/optical luminosities generally evolve smoothly and flatten out at late times. Finally, we find an apparent correlation between the peak luminosity and the decline rate of TDEs. This relationship is strongest when comparing the peak luminosity to its decline over 40 days. A linear fit yields

=

+

in cgs, where

.
Twin Stars and the Stiffness of the Nuclear Equation of State: Ruling Out Strong Phase Transitions below 1.7 n0 with the New NICER Radius Measurements
Authors: Christian Jan-Erik , Schaffner-Bielich Jürgen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We explore the connection between the stiffness of a hadronic equation of state (EoS) with a sharp phase transition to quark matter to its tidal deformability. For this we employ a hadronic relativistic mean field model with a parameterized effective nucleon mass to vary the stiffness in conjunction with a constant speed of sound EoS for quark matter. We compute multiple scenarios with phase transitions according to the four possible cases of a hybrid star EoS with a stable second branch. We demonstrate how the effective nucleon mass can be constrained by using gravitational-wave data. We find that certain values of the effective nucleon mass are incompatible with GW170817 and a phase transition simultaneously. By using the recent NICER measurements of J0030+0451 we constrain our results further and find that strong phase transitions with a visible jump in the mass–radius relation are ruled out at 1σ at densities below 1.7 times saturation density.
Characteristics and Medium-term Outcomes of Takayasu Arteritis–related Renal Artery Stenosis: Analysis of a Large Chinese Cohort
Authors: Sun Ying , Dai Xiaomin , Lv Peng , Dong Zhihui , Ma Lingying , Yan Yan , Lin Jiang , Jiang Lindi 
Published: May 2020

Objective.To investigate the characteristics of patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA)-related renal artery stenosis and identify the predictors of medium-term adverse outcomes.Methods.Data for 567 patients registered in the East China Takayasu arteritis cohort, a large prospective observational cohort, up to April 30, 2019, were retrospectively analyzed.Results.Renal artery stenosis was confirmed in 172/567 (30.34%) patients, with left renal artery involvement seen in 73/172 (42.44%) patients. Renal insufficiency at presentation (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.76–15.83, P = 0.03), bilateral renal artery involvement (HR 6.95, 95% CI 1.18–21.55, P = 0.01), and severe stenosis (> 75%; HR 4.75, 95% CI 1.08–11.33, P = 0.05) were predictors of adverse outcomes. A matrix model constructed using 3 variables (renal function, stenosis severity, and bilateral renal artery involvement) could identify 3 risk groups. Revascularization was performed for 46 out of 172 (26.74%) patients. Patients without preoperative treatment had higher rate of restenosis (41.46% vs 16.67%, P < 0.01) and worsening hypertension (25.93% vs. 10.53%, P < 0.01) after the procedure. Nonreceipt of preoperative treatment (HR 6.5, 95% CI 1.77–32.98, P = 0.04) and active disease at revascularization (HR 4.21, 95% CI 2.01–21.44, P = 0.04) were independent predictors of adverse outcomes after revascularization.Conclusion.Patients with TA-associated renal artery stenosis and uncontrolled or worsening hypertension or/and renal function may benefit from revascularization. Those who have received preoperative treatment may have more favorable revascularization outcomes. Prognosis appears to be poorer for patients with renal insufficiency at presentation, bilateral artery involvement, and severe stenosis.
Outer Layer Breaks and Asymptomatic Schisis Detachment: Clinical Considerations
Authors: Malagola Romualdo , Contestabile Maria Teresa , Villani Gianfrancesco M , De Santis Ercole M , Recupero Santi M 
Published: May 2020

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed description of the clinical features that are considered forerunners of symptomatic complications in asymptomatic degenerative retinoschisis, and to show that in selected cases at this stage prophylactic photocoagulation may be a better choice than mere observation.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three eyes of 27 patients with asymptomatic bullous degenerative retinoschisis and outer layer breaks (OLBs) were studied through binocular indirect dynamic ophthalmoscopy and retinal biomicroscopy with the Goldmann 3-mirror lens, fundus drawings, and photographs where feasible. Argon laser treatment was performed on each eye: first, around the posterior border of the schisis to achieve a full-thickness retinal scar, and then on the schisis itself to promote scarring of the retinal pigment epithelium, thus avoiding retinal detachment. The follow up was 2 years minimum after treatment.
* RESULTS: OLBs usually involved the largest schises when multiple retinal splittings were present. Breaks were single in 18 eyes (peripheral in 16 and posterior in 2) and multiple in 25 (peripheral in 15 and posterior in 10). Overall, 23 eyes showed asymptomatic retinal detachment (schisis detachment): 20 with peripheral outer layer breaks and 3 with posterior breaks. Schisis detachment was localized to the schisis area in the first group, whereas it extended beyond the posterior boundary of retinoschisis in the latter. After treatment, no posterior progression of retinoschisis was noted nor did symptomatic retinal detachment arise. Only 1 eye had complications in the second step of the treatment that was later resolved with medical care.
* CONCLUSION: Prophylactic Argon laser photocoagulation can be used safely in the asymptomatic stage of bullous retinoschisis with outer layer breaks to avoid the onset of acute symptomatic retinal detachment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:368-372]
Comparer Rome, Alexandre et Babylone : la question de l’exceptionnalité de l’empire de Rome aux IVe-VIe siècles
Authors: Inglebert Hervé 
Published: May 2020

Le débat sur l’exceptionnalité de l’empire de Rome dura de 200 avant notre ère à 700 après notre ère, dans trois contextes successifs. Le premier fut celui des auteurs classiques, de Polybe à Plutarque, qui comparèrent l’empire de Rome à celui d’Alexandre avec des arguments géographiques et de mœurs. Le deuxième contexte de réflexion fut celui des rabbins qui, du IIe au VIIe siècle, intégrèrent Rome dans une histoire divine dialectique de Rome-Ésaü et d’Israël-Jacob. Le dernier contexte de discussion fut celui des chrétiens, qui comparèrent d’abord l’empire de Rome à celui du Christ, puis qui insistèrent sur sa dimension messianique à cause de la naissance de Jésus de Nazareth sous le règne d’Auguste et qui enfin comparèrent parfois historiquement, et non seulement typologiquement, les empires de Rome et de Babylone. Mais la référence à Alexandre ne disparut pas totalement du discours chrétien, et la comparaison historique entre Rome et Babylone fut une originalité latine entre 417 et 425 avec Orose et Augustin.
Gouverner l’empire, se gouverner soi-même : réflexions sur la notion de maiestas dans la littérature de la République et du Principat
Authors: Dubouloz Julien 
Published: May 2020

Les magistrats romains sont-ils les représentants de Rome jusque dans leurs comportements privés ? L’article a pour objectif d’étudier la place accordée au gouvernement de soi dans la qualification des magistrats et sénateurs à gouverner l’empire. L’étude prend pour point de départ une anecdote au centre de la Controverse 9.2 de Sénèque le père, à propos de L. Flamininus (cos. 192 a. n. è.), ses différentes versions et les textes qui peuvent en être rapprochés (chez Cicéron et Tacite, surtout). Il apparaît que la question du comportement privé des magistrats occupe déjà une place dans le procès de repetundis de la République, mais qu’elle constitue surtout un enjeu sous le Principat : c’est la majesté de Rome qui est mise en danger par le comportement personnel de ses représentants. De ce fait, l’ethos personnel, composante essentielle dans la définition de l’aristocratie romaine de gouvernement, devient aussi un instrument du contrôle exercé sur la classe dirigeante par l’empereur, mais aussi par elle-même, de manière intériorisée.
Practices and Perceptions of Nurses Regarding Child Visitation in Adult Intensive Care Units
Authors: Desai Priti P. , Flick Samantha L. , Knutsson Susanne , Brimhall Andrew S. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Provision of developmentally appropriate support for child visitors in adult intensive care units (ICUs) would benefit patients and young visitors. Research on best practices for child visitation in adult ICUs is limited.

Objectives
To explore the perceptions and practices of nurses working in adult ICUs in the United States regarding child visitation and the role of child life specialists in this setting.

Methods
Data were collected from 446 adult ICU nurses via a cross-sectional survey. The survey explored perceptions and practices regarding child visitation, access to child-friendly resources, and the feasibility of having a child life specialist in adult ICUs.

Results
Several participants (303, 67.9%) felt that children were at risk for psychological trauma from visiting an adult ICU. Some participants (122, 27.4%) reported that their ICUs did not have policies for child visitation. Logistic regression showed that nurses with a master’s degree were 1.8 times (P &lt; .05) more likely to believe that young children (0-5 years) should visit. Nurses (105 of 197, 53.3%) were more likely to allow young children to visit if the patient was the child’s parent or if the patient was dying. Child-friendly resources were not routinely available. Nurses expressed that adult ICUs could benefit from child life specialists facilitating child visitation.

Conclusions
Nurses were inconsistently open to child visitation. Exceptions for older children (&gt; 6 years), children whose parent was the patient, patients’ illness severity, and end of life allowed more child visitation. Ways to facilitate child-friendly visitation in adult ICUs are discussed.
Feasibility and Acceptability of a Palliative Approach Screening Tool in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Venis Jane , Dodek Peter 
Published: May 2020

Background
Identifying critically ill patients who have unmet needs for palliative care is the first step in integrating the palliative approach for patients and their families into intensive care units.

Objective
To explore how palliative care is addressed in an intensive care unit and to develop and test a screening tool for unmet needs that may be met through the palliative approach.

Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital to explore the palliative approach. Focus groups and a survey were used to identify items for the screening tool. After pilot testing of the tool, interviews were conducted to refine the content.

Results
The first focus group (14 participants) revealed participants’ frustration with unclear communication and a desire for better collaboration among health care team members regarding patients with serious life-limiting illnesses and their families. The survey (response rate: 20%; 30 of 150) showed clinicians’ preference for items that identify specific needs rather than diagnoses. The second focus group (8 participants) yielded strategies to operationalize the tool for all patients in the intensive care unit. After 2 separate pilot testing cycles, bedside nurses noted that use of the screening tool prompted earlier discussions and broader assessments of what is meaningful to patients and their families.

Conclusion
Development of a screening tool for unmet palliative care needs among intensive care unit patients is feasible and acceptable and may help to systematically integrate the palliative approach into routine care for critically ill patients.
CARD9-Associated Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 Are Required for Protective Immunity of a Multivalent Vaccine against Coccidioides posadasii Infection
Authors: Campuzano Althea , Zhang Hao , Ostroff Gary R. , dos Santos Dias Lucas , Wüthrich Marcel , Klein Bruce S. , Yu Jieh-Juen , Lara Humberto H. , Lopez-Ribot Jose L. , Hung Chiung-Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Coccidioides species are fungal pathogens that can cause a widely varied clinical manifestation from mild pulmonary symptom to disseminated, life-threatening disease. We have previously created a subunit vaccine by encapsulating a recombinant coccidioidal Ag (rCpa1) in glucan–chitin particles (GCPs) as an adjuvant-delivery system. The GCP-rCpa1 vaccine has shown to elicit a mixed Th1 and Th17 response and confers protection against pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in mice. In this study, we further delineated the vaccine-induced protective mechanisms. Depletion of IL-17A in vaccinated C57BL/6 mice prior to challenge abrogated the protective efficacy of GCP-rCpa1 vaccine. Global transcriptome and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of murine bone marrow–derived macrophages after exposure to this vaccine revealed the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) that are associated with activation of C-type lectin receptors (CLR) Dectin-1– and Dectin-2–mediated CARD9 signaling pathway. The GCP formulation of rCpa1 bound soluble Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 and triggered ITAM signaling of corresponding CLR reporter cells. Furthermore, macrophages that were isolated from Dectin-1−/−, Dectin-2−/−, and CARD9−/− mice significantly reduced production of inflammatory cytokines in response to the GCP-rCpa1 vaccine compared with those of wild-type mice. The GCP-rCpa1 vaccine had significantly reduced protective efficacy in Dectin-1−/−, Dectin-2−/−, and CARD9−/− mice that showed decreased acquisition of Th cells in Coccidioides-infected lungs compared with vaccinated wild-type mice, especially Th17 cells. Collectively, we conclude that the GCP-rCpa1 vaccine stimulates a robust Th17 immunity against Coccidioides infection through activation of the CARD9-associated Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 signal pathways.
Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Early Childhood: Birth–5 Years
Authors: Clark Gloria Frolek , Kingsley Karrie L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Importance: This Practice Guideline provides stakeholders with a condensed summary of a large number of effectiveness studies. It is a valuable tool for facilitating decision making related to occupational therapy interventions for children ages birth–5 yr.
Objective: Early childhood (birth–5 yr) is a critical period in which the foundation of key life occupations is developed (e.g., eating, dressing, play, learning, social participation, rest and sleep, and chores). The development of cognitive, motor, social–emotional, and self-care skills is important to support these occupations. This Practice Guideline synthesizes recent systematic reviews (SRs) on these areas of development to promote decision making for and high-quality interventions with this population.
Method: Four SRs related to cognition, mental health, motor function, and ADLs analyzed studies published from 2010 to 2017 retrieved from six electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, OTseeker, and Cochrane).
Results: A total of 196 articles were included in the SRs, which served as a guide to final clinical recommendations. Case studies describe translation and application to practice.
Conclusions and Recommendations: A variety of interventions within the domain of occupational therapy were found to support the development of cognitive, social–emotional, motor, and self-care skills. Although some of these interventions are typically implemented by occupational therapy practitioners, others can be implemented by parents after training or by teams working in preschool settings. These findings should be used to inform evidence-based practice provided by occupational therapy practitioners working in various early childhood settings.
What This Article Adds: This Practice Guideline gives occupational therapy practitioners clear information about which interventions will be effective for specific outcomes. Better intervention choices mean better outcomes for young children and their families.
Practising Diplomacy in the Mamluk Sultanate
Authors: Behrens-Abouseif Doris 
Published: May 2020

Elaborate and sensational gifts were the hallmark of Mamluk diplomacy. In firm control of the medieval spice trade as well as the holy sites of Christianity and Islam, the Sultanate’s capital at Cairo became a diplomatic crossroads in the medieval world and the seat of a new Islamic caliphate. Already victorious over both the Crusaders and the Mongols, their military success and lavish religious patronage were not enough to ensure the dynasty's prestige: the Mamluk Sultans were often reminded of their slave origins, impugned by rivals as ‘pagans’ recruited to faith and service by purchase. In response, the sultans staged brilliant performances in Cairo and dispatched carefully designed diplomatic gifts all over the medieval world. These marvellous displays were the crowning ornament of Mamluk legitimacy, celebrated from Europe to the Far East. Drawing on extensive primary sources and fieldwork in museums across the world, Doris Behrens-Abouseif is the first to treat this important subject in depth and here reveals an unexplored aspect of Middle Eastern material culture.
Composed of spectacular elements such as spices, exotic animals, Chinese porcelain, ceremonial textiles and military and equestrian objects - not to mention humans, either living or as severed heads - the regal offering varied in combination and emphasis according to the status and circumstances of giver and receiver, but always created a sensation. Acknowledging the established historical precedents of diplomacy and regal gift-giving, the author examines the nuance of cultural and political realities in period diplomacy as well as the transmission of encrypted messages, illuminating the subtle conveyance of self-representation and identity in medieval Cairo and the world beyond. With ground-breaking new research, this book - richly illustrated in colour - provides a comprehensive view of the art and politics of the Mamluk diplomatic gift, by which these sultans of humble origins created a magnificent image of themselves in the courts of their Muslim rivals and allies worldwide. It will prove essential reading for both students and scholars.
What the Stones Might Not Tell: Questioning the Attribution of Edith Wharton's Print Debut
Authors: Wegener Frederick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article reconsiders the attribution to sixteen-year-old Edith Wharton of a translation of “Was [sich] die Steine Erzählen” (What the Stones Tell), by Heinrich Karl Brugsch. Over the past twenty-five years or so, scholars have unanimously concurred in this attribution, on the basis of testimony in one of the letters sent by Wharton's girlhood friend, Emelyn Washburn, to Elisina Tyler shortly after the novelist's death. According to that letter, Emelyn suggested that her friend try her hand at translating, and she and her father, rector of the church that Wharton's family attended in the 1870s, facilitated both Wharton's translation and its publication. The article points out various misreadings of the evidence in Emelyn's letter and corrects the repeated misidentification both of Brugsch and of his text in critical and biographical scholarship on Wharton. The translation itself—said to be Wharton's debut in print—is located for the first time in this article, and the obscure journal in which it was published is identified and described. The translation, as well as Brugsch's career, is culturally and historically contextualized, and the background of its publication is explored in ways that place in question Emelyn's recollections of her friend's involvement in the endeavor.
Encounters between freshwater crocodiles and invasive cane toads in north-western Australia: does context determine impact?
Authors: Clarke Gregory S , Hudson Cameron M , Shine Richard 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The potent defensive chemicals of cane toads (Rhinella marina) protect them against predators that lack coevolved physiological tolerance to those toxins. That relative invulnerability may explain why major injuries (such as limb loss) appear to be rare in cane toads from most of their global range; however, we noted frequent predator-induced injuries (&gt;4% of adults) in samples from within the toad’s native range (in French Guiana) and from a site (Lake Argyle) in north-western Australia. Toads at Lake Argyle enter the edge of the lake at night to rehydrate, exposing them to foraging freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni). Crocodiles rarely consume toads, but the attacks often result in loss of a limb. Because limbs contain relatively little toxin, attacks to the limbs expose a crocodile to nauseating but non-lethal amounts of toxin; and hence, facilitate taste aversion learning by the predator. The context of the encounters, such as differences in geography, may help to explain why the invasion of cane toads has not significantly impacted on crocodile populations at this site, in contrast to heavy impacts reported from nearby riverine systems.
RF Matching Networks Using S-Parameters
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I. 
Published: May 2020

The paper presents a design and study of impedance matching for radio frequency (RF) circuit application of common-source amplifier topology. Matching networks for input and output sides of the amplifier were determined from the S-parameters given for the transistor at frequency of 2.6 GHz and ensuring unconditional stability requirement. Impedance matching is necessary in RF circuit design to provide maximum possible power transfer between the source and the load. Two designs were modeled, simulated and analyzed employing L-network input and output matching networks. The design with inductor-capacitor combination in the L-matching networks exhibited a stable and smoother behavior for higher frequencies compared to an all-inductor design. Complex tradeoffs among technology specifications and design parameters are inevitable, therefore should be carefully handled in designing the impedance matching networks, to optimize the performance of the common-source amplifier. Ultimately, the common-source amplifier achieved a gain of 6.569 dB at 2.6 GHz. For future research, physical implementations of the impedance matching networks could be studied in order to improve and optimize the simulated models.