bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of cultivation conditions for Microcystis aeruginosa for biodiesel production using response surface methodology
Authors: El-Mekkawi Samar A. , El-Ibiari N. N. , El-Ardy Ola A. , Abdelmonem Nabil M. , Elahwany Ahmed H. , Abadir Magdi F. , Ismail Ibrahim M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Biodiesel is expected to play a key role in the development of a sustainable, economical, and environmentally safe source of energy. The third generation of biodiesel is derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria that have sufficient amount of oil. The optimization of biomass and oil content in biodiesel production based on algal cultivation relies upon several factors. The present experimental work aims at optimizing some of the cultivation conditions to obtain maximum oil and biomass yield and create a prediction model that describe the effect of the initial inoculum concentration, and irradiance on the biomass yield and oil concentration were designed using Design Expert 6.0.8.

Results
The results revealed that the optimum surface-to-volume ratio for the airlift bubble column photobioreactor was 0.9, and the most applicable model for describing Microcystis aeruginosa growth was the hyperbolic tangent model with a model constant value of 1.294 mg·L− 1·d− 1/μmol·m− 2·s− 1. The optimum cultivation conditions were 81 μmol·m− 2·s− 1 irradiance and 67 mg·L− 1 initial inoculum concentration, and these conditions achieved a biomass yield of 163 mg·L− 1·d− 1 and an oil concentration of 143 mg·L− 1.

Conclusions
This work focused on the cultivation of microalgae in closed systems. Cyanobacteria as M. aeruginosa has high lipid content, and high lipid productivity makes it suitable as a lipid feed stock for biodiesel production. The response surface method was the most suitable route to study the simultaneous influence of irradiance and initial inoculum concentration through statistical methods as well as to establish a model for predicting the biomass yield and oil concentration of M. aeruginosa.
Melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis, randomized trial
Authors: El-Kabbany Zeinab A. , El-Farghali Ola G. , Khafagy Soha M. , Shaaban Hebatallah A. , Osman Heba H. A. , Metwally Mohamed H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infectious agent, resulting in oxidative stress. Melatonin antioxidant and free radical scavenger proved to be safe in neonates. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of melatonin as adjuvant therapy in NS. This was an interventional trial conducted on 40 preterm neonates with NS diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria. They were simply randomized to melatonin treated (MT) (n = 20) and conventionally treated (CT) (n = 20) groups. Melatonin was administered at a total dose of 20 mg enterally in two divided doses of 10 mg each, 1 h apart. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed in patients at enrollment, 4 and 72 h later in MT, and 72hours later in CT. Fifteen healthy matched neonates were included as a control.

Results
There were no significant differences between MT and CT groups regarding baseline sepsis workup. However, total leucocytic count, absolute neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein were significantly higher and platelets were significantly lower in CT compared to MT after 72 h. MDA was doubled in CT while reduced in MT 72 h after intervention (p = 0.000). Mortality was significantly lower in MT. No side effects following melatonin administration were reported.

Conclusion
Melatonin is effective and safe adjuvant for treatment of NS that improves clinical and laboratory outcomes.

Trial registration
clinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03295162. Registered 27 September 2017—Retrospectively registered.
Optimal Cancer Care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: A Shared Approach to System Level Change
Authors: Chynoweth Jennifer , McCambridge Meaghan M. , Zorbas Helen M. , Elston Jacinta K. , Thomas Robert J.S. , Glasson William J.H. , Coutts Joanna M. , Daveson Barbara A. , Whitfield Kathryn M. 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE To improve cancer outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through the development and national endorsement of the first population-specific optimal care pathway (OCP) to guide the delivery of high-quality, culturally appropriate, and evidence-based cancer care. METHODS An iterative methodology was undertaken over a 2-year period, and more than 70 organizations and individuals from diverse cultural, geographic, and sectorial backgrounds provided input. Cancer Australia reviewed experiences of care and the evidence base and undertook national public consultation with the Indigenous health sector and community, health professionals, and professional colleges. Critical to the OCP development was the leadership of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health experts and consumers. RESULTS The OCP received unanimous endorsement by all federal, state, and territory health ministers. Key elements of the OCP include attention to the cultural appropriateness of the health care environment; improvement in cross-cultural communication; relationship building with local community; optimization of health literacy; recognition of men’s and women’s business; and the need to use culturally appropriate resources. The OCP can be used as a tool for health services and health professionals to identify gaps in current cancer services and to inform quality improvement initiatives across all aspects of the care pathway. CONCLUSION The development of the OCP identified a number of areas that require prioritization. Ensuring culturally safe and accessible health services is essential to support early presentation and diagnosis. Multidisciplinary treatment planning and patient-centered care are required for all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, irrespective of location. Health planners and governments acknowledge the imperative for change and have expressed strong commitment to work with Indigenous Australians to improve the accessibility, cultural appropriateness, and quality of cancer care.
Which Drug Next? Sequential Therapy for Osteoporosis
Authors: Lukert Barbara P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The proliferation of drugs with unique modes of action for treating osteoporosis has been most welcome. Fear of complications, even though rare, associated with long-term bisphosphonates (BPs) changed prescribing patterns. The BPs are stored in bone for years. Drugs not stored in bone; for example, abaloparatide, teriparatide, denosumab, and romosozumab have expanded our armamentarium for treating osteoporosis but have brought new challenges. Bone accrued during treatment with the last 3 drugs, and perhaps abaloparatide, is lost rapidly after their withdrawal due to rebound increase in bone resorption. Treatment with these drugs must be followed by administration of an antiresorptive agent. The article by Kendler et al. (1) in this issue of JCEM reports alendronate preserves bone accrued during administration of denosumab.
GDE3 regulates oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation via release of soluble CNTFRα
Authors: Dobrowolski Mateusz , Cave Clinton , Levy-Myers Reuben , Lee ChangHee , Park Sungjin , Choi Bo-Ran , Xiao Bo , Yang Wanchun , Sockanathan Shanthini 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Oligodendrocyte development is tightly controlled by extrinsic signals; however, mechanisms that modulate cellular responses to these factors remain unclear. Six-transmembrane glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDEs) are emerging as central regulators of cellular differentiation via their ability to shed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins from the cell surface. We show here that GDE3 controls the pace of oligodendrocyte generation by negatively regulating oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation. GDE3 inhibits OPC proliferation by stimulating ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-mediated signaling through release of CNTFRα, the ligand-binding component of the CNTF-receptor multiprotein complex, which can function as a soluble factor to activate CNTF signaling. GDE3 releases soluble CNTFRα by GPI-anchor cleavage from the plasma membrane and from extracellular vesicles (EVs) after co-recruitment of CNTFRα in EVs. These studies uncover new physiological roles for GDE3 in gliogenesis and identify GDE3 as a key regulator of CNTF-dependent regulation of OPC proliferation through release of CNTFRα.
Modelling the pathogenesis of X-linked distal hereditary motor neuropathy using patient-derived iPSCs
Authors: Perez-Siles Gonzalo , Cutrupi Anthony , Ellis Melina , Kuriakose Jakob , La Fontaine Sharon , Mao Di , Uesugi Motonari , Takata Reinaldo I. , Speck-Martins Carlos E. , Nicholson Garth , Kennerson Marina L. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
ATP7A encodes a copper-transporting P-type ATPase and is one of 23 genes in which mutations produce distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN), a group of diseases characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of motor neurons. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from a patient with the p.T994I ATP7A gene mutation as an in vitro model for X-linked dHMN (dHMNX). Patient motor neurons show a marked reduction of ATP7A protein levels in the soma when compared to control motor neurons and failed to upregulate expression of ATP7A under copper-loading conditions. These results recapitulate previous findings obtained in dHMNX patient fibroblasts and in primary cells from a rodent model of dHMNX, indicating that patient iPSC-derived motor neurons will be an important resource for studying the role of copper in the pathogenic processes that lead to axonal degeneration in dHMNX.
Determining macrophage versus neutrophil contributions to innate immunity using larval zebrafish
Authors: Rosowski Emily E. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The specific roles of the two major innate immune cell types – neutrophils and macrophages – in response to infection and sterile inflammation are areas of great interest. The larval zebrafish model of innate immunity, and the imaging capabilities it provides, is a source of new research and discoveries in this field. Multiple methods have been developed in larval zebrafish to specifically deplete functional macrophages or neutrophils. Each of these has pros and cons, as well as caveats, that often make it difficult to directly compare results from different studies. The purpose of this Review is to (1) explore the pros, cons and caveats of each of these immune cell-depleted models; (2) highlight and place into a broader context recent key findings on the specific functions of innate immune cells using these models; and (3) explore future directions in which immune cell depletion methods are being expanded.
Surgical margins for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours
Authors: Thind A , Patel B , Thind K , Isherwood J , Phillips B , Dhaliwal K , Remoundos DD 
Published: January 2020

Background Phyllodes tumours represent less than 1% of all UK breast neoplasms. Histological features allow classification into benign, borderline or malignant, which has a significant impact on prognosis and recurrence. Currently, there is no consensus for the optimal surgical excision margin. This systematic review aims to provide a comparative summary of outcomes (local recurrence, metastasis and survival) for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours resected with either ≥1cm or <1cm margins. Methods MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched (1990 to July 2019), in line with PRISMA guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results Ten retrospective studies were included (Newcastle–Ottawa scale mean score: 5.6, range: 8–4). Nine reported local recurrence rates, four reported distant metastasis and four reported survival. Meta-analysis pooling demonstrated no statistically significant difference between <1cm and ≥1cm margins in terms of local recurrence rates (relative risk [RR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.70 – 2.93; p=0.33, n=456), distant metastasis (RR 1.93, 95% CI 0.35 – 10.63; p=0.45, n=72) or mortality (RR 1.93, 95% CI 0.42 – 8.77; p=0.40, n=58) for borderline and malignant tumours. Additionally, two studies demonstrated no significant difference in local recurrence for borderline tumours excised with <0.1cm margins compared to ≥1cm. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that margins <1cm may provide adequate tumour excision. This could enable breast conservation in patients with smaller breast-to-tumour volume ratios, with improved cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. A prospective, multi-institutional trial would be appropriate to further elucidate the safety of smaller margins.
Guided terahertz pulse reflectometry with double photoconductive antenna
Authors: Pan Mingming , Cassar Quentin , Fauquet Frédéric , Humbert Georges , Mounaix Patrick , Guillet Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2020

Developments toward the implementation of a terahertz pulse imaging system within a guided reflectometry configuration are reported. Two photoconductive antennas patterned on the same LT-GaAs active layer in association with a silica pipe hollow-core waveguide allowed us to obtain a guided optics-free imager. Besides working in a pulsed regime, the setup does not require additional optics to focus and couple the terahertz pulses into the waveguide core, simplifying the global implementation in comparison with other reported guided terahertz reflectometry systems. The system is qualified for imaging purposes by means of a 1951 USAF resolution test chart. An image resolution, after a 53 mm propagation length, by about 0.707 LP/mm over the 400–550 GHz integrated frequency band, was obtained, thus providing a promising basis to pursue efforts toward compact guided pulse imagers for sample inspection within the terahertz range.
Parasites Identification and Histopathology Changes on Blood Cookle (Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Karnisa Yuni , Desrina Desrina , Widowati Ita 
Published: January 2020

Blood cockle Anadara granosa is a popular sea food in Indonesia and potential for aquaculture. Currently, blood cockle aquaculture is at early stage, done by taking the larva from wild and raised them in the pond. Wild animal naturally carries parasites without outward clinical signs but can cause disease problem under aquaculture condition. This study aimed to identify parasites and histopathology changes in wild A. granosa. Blood cockles (n=90) were randomly collected during 3 months at three stations in the coastal waters of Bedono (Station 1: the intertidal area of the edge near to the mangrove area, station 2: the center of intertidal area, station 3: the area near to the sea), a village located on North Java coast and supplied blood cockle larva to the area. Parasites examination was conducted in the laboratory by macroscopic (observation of clinical symptoms) for ectoparasites and microscopic (using a microscope) for endoparasites. Histopathology preparation was done by taking three cockles at each station and cutting tissue that includes gills, foot, gonads, digestive tract and mantle. Organs were fixed in a 10% NBF solution, processed, mounted in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Parasites found were identified and the level of intensity and prevalence were calculated. There were three species of parasites found: Pinnotheres sp. (Intensity 1 ind/cockle; Prevalence: 3.33%), Perkinsus sp. (Intensity: 9.3 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 37.03%), Nematopsis sp. (Intensity: 4.25 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 29.62%). There were no histopathology changes on infected tissues which may relate to low diversity, prevalence and intensity of parasites found in this study.
Exploring the activity of the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase in the polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Freitas de Medeiros Sebastião , Angelo Laura Camila Antunes , Souto de Medeiros Matheus Antônio , Barbosa Bruna Barcelo , Yamamoto Márcia Marly Winck 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may have occult corticosteroidogenic enzyme abnormalities. The current study compares the activities of 11β-hydroxylase between normoandrogenemic PCOS (NA-PCOS) and hyperandrogenemic PCOS (HA-PCOS) phenotypes.

Materials and methods
Anthropometric, and biochemical variables were compared between normal cycling women [n = 272] and those with PCOS [n = 453]; either normoandrogenemic [n = 98] or hyperandrogenemic [n = 355]. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using 11β-hydroxylase enzyme activity as the criterion variable.

Results
11β-Hydroxylase enzyme activity tended to be slightly higher in both PCOS subgroups and did not change with ethnicity. Using univariate logistic regression, 11β-hydroxylase activity in controls was associated with dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin, homeostatic model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In NA-PCOS women the activity of 11β-hydroxylase was associated with estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A4), and androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio; in the hyperandrogenemic (HA-PCOS) group, 11β-hydroxylase activity associated with sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OHPE), fasting glucose, and β-cell activity. After multivariate logistic regression, androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio, and β-cell activity were the best predictors of 11β-hydroxylase activity in controls; in NA-PCOS group only androstenedione/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio was confirmed as a significant predictor of 11β-hydroxylase activity, and in HA-PCOS patients, 17-OHPE and β-cell activity demonstrated to be significant predictors.

Conclusions
11β-Hydroxylase activity was equal in different ethnicities. The prevalence of decreased 11β-hydroxylase activity was higher in the HA-PCOS phenotype. 17-OHPE, and β-cell function are significant predictors of 11β-hydroxylase activity in HA-PCOS subjects. These findings may help to identify which PCOS patient would have benefit in measuring 11-deoxycortisol (compound S) and 11β-hydroxylase enzyme activity.
Comparison and analyses of two thermal performance evaluation models for a public building
Authors: Sun Xuemei , Zhu Saihong , Zhu Hengxuan , Duan Runze , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recently, investigations on building thermal inertia are mainly involved with the materials of the building envelope. Usually, other influencing factors are ignored, such as room ventilation, indoor heat storage, indoor cold source, indoor heat source and human behavior. In this paper, two models based on thermodynamics are given to evaluate building thermal performance. One is thermal mass model, and the other one is thermal reserve coefficient model. Based on thermal response testing data in a non-heating season, the thermal mass model was adopted to classify the envelope type, and the delay rules between the indoor temperature and the outdoor meteorological parameters are analyzed. In a heating season, the delay rules among the outdoor temperature, indoor temperature and supply water temperature are obtained by changing the supply water temperature. Thermal performance of the targeted building is evaluated with the thermal reserve coefficient model. For the same public building, two evaluation models tend to be consistent. These two evaluation models presented in this paper can be applied for the optimal design of buildings envelope.
Inkorporierungen: Spolien als Instrument der Mimesis in der Gegenwartsarchitektur
Authors: Meier Hans-Rudolf 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The contribution investigates the reuse of building elements (spolia) in recent architecture as a means of enhancing similarity. To design or build with spolia is today a common practice of mimetic expression. Contemporary architects, unlike those of the end of the last century, no longer seek contrasts in keeping with concepts such as bricolage or deconstruction so much as they attempt to evoke connections. Spolia figures repeatedly and increasingly as a means of preserving continuity. Three variations in the use of spolia are discussed, each exhibiting a different function for the reused elements: as design tools, as guarantors of authenticity, and as additive elements. In the latter two cases, suggestions of sympathetic or contact magic are in evidence.
Bild, Ding, Material: Nimben und Goldgründe italienischer Tafelmalerei in transkultureller Perspektive
Authors: Schulz Vera-Simone 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With a special focus on processes of artistic transfer between the Apennine peninsula and other regions in the Mediterranean and beyond, this paper sheds new light on haloes and gold grounds in thirteenthto fifteenth-century Italian painting. By means of case studies, it analyzes both (1) the role of haloes and gold grounds within the specific logic of the images, and (2) the impact of imported artifacts (their techniques, decoration, and materiality) on Italian panel painting as well as the complex interplays between imports and local production. Elucidating the intersections, frictions, and fields of tension between visual and material culture, this paper contributes to discussions on transmedial and transmaterial dynamics, transcultural art history, and the multireferentiality of gold.
Andrea del Sarto’s Disputation on the Trinity and the “Sighs of Holy Desire”
Authors: Cody Steven J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Andrea del Sarto’s Disputation on the Trinity (1517) engages with powerful traditions of spiritual learning that can be traced back to St. Augustine’s theological writings. This paper asks how and in what ways Andrea’s altarpiece might belong to such a rich intellectual history. The analysis connects Augustinian notions of desire and reform to the painting’s iconography and to the artist’s composition and treatment of color. This line of inquiry not only has exciting implications for the study of Renaissance altarpieces; it also lays the groundwork for a larger study of Andrea del Sarto and of his contributions to the period’s sense of spiritual reform, broadly conceived.
Giulio Romano und Andrea Palladio Die Landshuter Residenz Herzog Ludwigs X. und ihre Rezeption in den frühen Palastkonzepten Palladios
Authors: Endemann Klaus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The palace of Duke Ludwig X in Landshut provides insight into the research concerning the development of Andrea Palladio. The palace is a link that illuminates the relationship between Palladio and Giulio Romano. For the “German wing,” the still unknown architect presented a remarkably innovative design. The duke had a second palace built behind the first after he had seen the Palazzo Te. The form of the “Italian wing,” with its refined combination of palace and villa, supports the authorship of Romano. That Palladio, for his famous project for Iseppo da Porto, took over the site in Landshut designed by Romano confirms the close relationship between the two architects. In I Quattro Libri, Palladio would later name the combination of the palace and the villa Casa degli antichi.
Le rococo est-il décoratif?
Authors: Magnusson Carl 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In Rococo historiography, the first half of the eighteenth century is generally described as the golden age par excellence of decoration. The so-called major arts are often considered to have played a lesser role in its artistic development. The period is thus systematically associated with artefacts produced by artisans, hence belonging to a less dignified category in the artistic hierarchy. In order to investigate the ideological background of this assumption, the article focuses on the debates on art which emerged, mainly in France, in the 1740s. These highly biased discourses, targeting the so-called bad taste of contemporary French painting and interior decoration, shaped a vision of the first half of the eighteenth century of which many aspects were later inherited by Rococo historiography, especially in its relation to decoration.