bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment progress of foster care adolescents with severe behavioural problems: Factors conditioning their performance in the residential treatment centres
Authors: Sabaté‐Tomas Marta , Sala‐Roca Josefina , Arnau Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBehavioural problems are a recurring issue in the child welfare system population. Normative residential centres do not have the characteristics to address the specific needs of these adolescents, so they are usually treated at therapeutic residential centres. In Catalonia (Spain), these cases are treated in intensive educational residential centres (CREIs), a variant of therapeutic residential care (TRC) facilities. This exploratory study seeks to understand the treatment progress of adolescents with severe behavioural problems who were placed in the CREIs, a variant of TRC facilities. Data from 206 cases, the totality of population under treatment in the CREIs, were collected using a questionnaire administered to the treating team. A cross‐sectional design was used, applying quantitative methods to analyse the incidence and interrelation of a series of variables related to the progress of adolescents in the CREIs. Significant differences among profiles by sex, place of origin, criminal offences, substance abuse and mental health disorders were found. Furthermore, adolescents who performed a positive treatment progress according to the professional staff arrived at the CREI at an earlier age and had longer stays than the group with an unremarkable progress. Logistic regression indicated that duration of stay in the centre and runaways predict the adolescents' treatment progress. This treatment is working well with the milder cases; however, it does not tend to be successful for adolescents with greater difficulties. It is recommended that interventions focus on factors that engage the adolescents in their own rehabilitation process, include substance abuse programmes and consider the gender perspective.
Efficient energy consumption system using heuristic renewable demand energy optimization in smart city
Authors: Shu Ming , Wu Shizhong , Wu Tong , Qiao Zhonglin , Wang Nai , Xu Fei , Shanthini A. , Muthu Bala Anand 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rapid growth of urban development in recent years required reliable as well as realistic smart solutions to transport, system infrastructure, environmental conditions, and quality of life in smart cities. Furthermore, several innovative and comprehensive applications for smart cities are accessible through the Internet of Things that plays a significant role in reducing the utilization of energy requirements and other environmental effects. Based on the demands in reducing energy consumption, this article designed and developed a combined heat and power design based on the renewable energy system and energy storage system, which helps to minimize the utilization of energy consumption in smart cities. In these concerns, a standardized heuristic renewable demand energy optimization in the smart city (HRDEOSC) architecture is presented, where the smart area domain is distributed into a wide area network. In comparison with the overall domestic energy consumption of electricity and transport, the energy demand for desalination processes is very small and it has been achieved by HRDEOSC. Here, the designed computational model demonstrate that the developed system contributes significantly to our challenges and proved to be an economical approach for the development of the smart structural design which helps to reduce the energy consumption of smart cities.
Self‐Regulation Deficiency in Predicting Problematic Use of Mobile Social Networking Apps: The Role of Media Dependency*
Authors: Liu Zilong , Lin Xiaolin , Wang Xuequn , Wang Tianhua 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe problematic use of mobile social networking apps (SNAs) is an increasing issue in various places where people live and work. For example, employees’ use of mobile SNAs at work can result in significant loss of productivity. The literature has mainly focused on the etiology of problematic behavior with a focus on human psychological characteristics, whereas few studies have examined the role of technology media and problematic behavior. By integrating self‐regulation deficiency and media system dependency, this study investigates the drivers of problematic use of mobile SNAs by exploring users’ self‐regulation deficiency and its antecedents from a media dependency perspective. Data were collected from Chinese mobile SNA users via longitudinal surveys. The results show that self‐ and social‐oriented SNA dependency positively affect cognitive preoccupation and perceived irreplaceability, which in turn lead to users’ problematic use. We also compare the effect of SNA dependency across genders in the post‐hoc analysis. In the female group, self‐ and social‐oriented SNA dependency influenced problematic use through cognitive preoccupation and perceived irreplaceability. In the male group, self‐ and social‐oriented SNA dependency influenced problematic use only through their cognitive preoccupation. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Efficacy and safety of once‐weekly semaglutide versus once‐daily sitagliptin as add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in SUSTAIN China: A 30‐week, double‐blind, phase 3a, randomized trial
Authors: Ji Linong , Dong Xiaolin , Li Yiming , Li Yufeng , Lim Soo , Liu Ming , Ning Zu , Rasmussen Søren , Skjøth Trine Vang , Yuan Guoyue , Eliaschewitz Freddy G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogue, versus once‐daily sitagliptin as add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a multiregional clinical trial.Materials and MethodsIn the 30‐week, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, active comparator SUSTAIN China trial, 868 adults with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin (HbA1c 7.0%‐10.5%) were randomized to receive once‐weekly semaglutide 0.5 mg (n = 288), semaglutide 1.0 mg (n = 290) or once‐daily sitagliptin 100 mg (n = 290). The primary and confirmatory secondary endpoints were change from baseline to week 30 in HbA1c and body weight, respectively.ResultsThe trial enrolled ~70% (605/868) of the patients in China, and the remaining patients from four other countries, including the Republic of Korea. Both doses of semaglutide were superior to sitagliptin in reducing HbA1c and body weight after 30 weeks of treatment. The odds of achieving target HbA1c of less than 7.0% (53 mmol/mol), weight loss of 5% or higher, or 10% or higher, and the composite endpoint of HbA1c less than 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) without severe or blood glucose‐confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia no weight gain, were all significantly higher with both semaglutide doses compared with sitagliptin. The safety profile for semaglutide was consistent with the known class effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonists (RAs). Consistent efficacy and safety findings were seen in the Chinese subpopulation.ConclusionsOnce‐weekly semaglutide was superior to sitagliptin in improving glycaemic control and reducing body weight in patients with T2D inadequately controlled on metformin. The safety and tolerability profiles were consistent with those of semaglutide and other GLP‐1 RAs. Semaglutide is an effective once‐weekly treatment option for the Chinese population.
Increased susceptibility to acoustic trauma in a mouse model of non‐syndromic sensorineural deafness, DFNB91
Authors: Tan Justin , Kaiserman Dion , O'Leary Stephen J. , Bird Phillip I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInactivating mutations of SERPINB6 in humans result in progressive hearing loss starting in early adulthood (DFNB91). We have previously shown that C57BL/6J mice lacking the orthologous gene, Serpinb6a, exhibit progressive hearing loss, which is associated with progressive loss of distinct cell types in the organ of Corti beginning with outer hair cells (OHCs). However, deafness in these animals occurs much earlier than expected, possibly because C57BL/6J mice also carry an age‐related hearing loss mutation in the cadherin 23 gene (Cdh23ahl) that causes late onset hearing loss. The CBA/CaH strain of mice does not carry Cdh23ah/ahl and may represent a better model of the human DFNB91 patients. Here, we show that transfer of the mutant Serpinb6a allele onto the Cdh23 normal CBA/CaH background markedly delays onset of hearing loss, more closely phenocopying DFNB91, without altering the pattern of cellular loss. Young, pre‐symptomatic mice of this genotype exposed to acoustic trauma exhibit permanent hearing loss, compared to controls, associated with the disappearance of OHCs. We conclude that Serpinb6 helps to maintain hearing by protecting hair cells from stress.
Gadamer's Phenomenological Ethics
Authors: DaVia Carlo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHans‐Georg Gadamer held that the chief task of philosophy today is to defend practical reason against the encroachments of techno‐scientific rationality and thereby to ground the possibility for a philosophical ethics. Although this is well‐known and much discussed in the secondary literature, there is curiously sparse discussion of just what Gadamer took ethical inquiry to be. The little discussion that exists tends either to neglect Gadamer's distinction between practical reasoning and philosophical ethics, or it accuses Gadamer himself of conflating the two. This paper provides a sketch of Gadamer's understanding of ethics in a way that makes clear how it differs from practical reasoning.
Fretting‐fatigue analysis of shot‐peened aluminium and titanium test specimens
Authors: Vantadori Sabrina , Zanichelli Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the last decades, many alleviation measures were proposed in order to improve the life of fretting fatigue‐affected components. In such a context, the shot peening treatment is worth noting. Therefore, in the present paper, the fatigue life of shot‐peened aluminium and titanium alloy specimens, subject to fretting fatigue under partial slip regime, is assessed by means of the Carpinteri et al. criterion for fretting fatigue. First, according to the superposition principle, the relaxed residual stresses (due to the shot peening treatment) are combined with the stress components due to fretting fatigue loading. Then fretting fatigue assessment is performed. In such a context, a novel theoretical law for the relaxed residual stress field is here proposed, the implementation of which shows very promising results in terms of fretting fatigue life estimation of the shot‐peened specimens examined.
Beyond ecosystem modeling: A roadmap to community cyberinfrastructure for ecological data‐model integration
Authors: Fer Istem , Gardella Anthony K. , Shiklomanov Alexey N. , Campbell Eleanor E. , Cowdery Elizabeth M. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Desai Ankur , Duveneck Matthew J. , Fisher Joshua B. , Haynes Katherine D. , Hoffman Forrest M. , Johnston Miriam R. , Kooper Rob , LeBauer David S. , Mantooth Joshua , Parton William J. , Poulter Benjamin , Quaife Tristan , Raiho Ann , Schaefer Kevin , Serbin Shawn P. , Simkins James , Wilcox Kevin R. , Viskari Toni , Dietze Michael C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn an era of rapid global change, our ability to understand and predict Earth's natural systems is lagging behind our ability to monitor and measure changes in the biosphere. Bottlenecks to informing models with observations have reduced our capacity to fully exploit the growing volume and variety of available data. Here, we take a critical look at the information infrastructure that connects ecosystem modeling and measurement efforts, and propose a roadmap to community cyberinfrastructure development that can reduce the divisions between empirical research and modeling and accelerate the pace of discovery. A new era of data‐model integration requires investment in accessible, scalable, and transparent tools that integrate the expertise of the whole community, including both modelers and empiricists. This roadmap focuses on five key opportunities for community tools: the underlying foundations of community cyberinfrastructure; data ingest; calibration of models to data; model‐data benchmarking; and data assimilation and ecological forecasting. This community‐driven approach is a key to meeting the pressing needs of science and society in the 21st century.
Handling missing values in trait data
Authors: Johnson Thomas F. , Isaac Nick J. B. , Paviolo Agustin , González‐Suárez Manuela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTrait data are widely used in ecological and evolutionary phylogenetic comparative studies, but often values are not available for all species of interest. Traditionally, researchers have excluded species without data from analyses, but estimation of missing values using imputation has been proposed as a better approach. However, imputation methods have largely been designed for randomly missing data, whereas trait data are often not missing at random (e.g., more data for bigger species). Here, we evaluate the performance of approaches for handling missing values when considering biased datasets.LocationAny.Time periodAny.Major taxa studiedAny.MethodsWe simulated continuous traits and separate response variables to test the performance of nine imputation methods and complete‐case analysis (excluding missing values from the dataset) under biased missing data scenarios. We characterized performance by estimating the error in imputed trait values (deviation from the true value) and inferred trait–response relationships (deviation from the true relationship between a trait and response).ResultsGenerally, Rphylopars imputation produced the most accurate estimate of missing values and best preserved the response–trait slope. However, estimates of missing data were still inaccurate, even with only 5% of values missing. Under severe biases, errors were high with every approach. Imputation was not always the best option, with complete‐case analysis frequently outperforming Mice imputation and, to a lesser degree, BHPMF imputation. Mice, a popular approach, performed poorly when the response variable was excluded from the imputation model.Main conclusionsImputation can handle missing data effectively in some conditions but is not always the best solution. None of the methods we tested could deal effectively with severe biases, which can be common in trait datasets. We recommend rigorous data checking for biases before and after imputation and propose variables that can assist researchers working with incomplete datasets to detect data biases and minimize errors.
Modification of pork‐skin jelly by enzymatic cross‐linking: melting resistance and quality improvement
Authors: Liu Qiong , Zhang Min , Bhandari Bhesh , Yang Chaohui 
Published: October 2020

SummaryImprovements of melting resistance and quality by modification of pork‐skin jelly through enzymatic cross‐linking were studied, and the mechanism of quality improvement was discussed in this work. Gel strength, springiness and chewiness of modified gel increased significantly (P < 0.05). Transglutaminase (TGase) also improved the viscoelasticity, stability and melting resistance of gel system, as proved by rheological analysis. Sensory evaluation showed that increase in texture need to be moderate and the utilisation of 0.6% TGase was the most appropriate for pork‐skin jelly. Significant effects of TGase on inducing protein cross‐link and aggregation were confirmed by determining rheology during enzyme treatment and cross‐linking extent of pork‐skin soup. Correlation analysis showed TGase could improve melting temperature and texture by facilitating cross‐linking. Covalent interaction based on ε‐(γ‐glutamyl)‐lysine induced by TGase could play the main role in these improvements. This study suggested that TGase could be applied to design gelatin‐based food for tailored quality properties through enzymatic cross‐linking.
Perceptions of the rights and capabilities of people with intellectual disability in the United States
Authors: McConkey Roy , Slater Paul , Smith Ashlyn , Dubois Lindsay , Shellard Amy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe United States has yet to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The extent of public support in the United States for the rights of persons with intellectual disability is not known.MethodsOnline public opinion polls were conducted nationally and in eight selected cities in 2017 and repeated in 2018 with 26,876 respondents in total.ResultsSupport for rights was high: notably in accessing healthcare, schooling, playing sports and getting married. However, less support was evident for the rights of people who were perceived as less capable. Respondents with prior frequent personal contact and who had an engagement with Special Olympics were those most likely to support the rights and capabilities of persons with intellectual disability.ConclusionsPublic support for the ratification of the UN Convention seems likely. Further longitudinal research could identify successful strategies for implementing the rights of disabled persons locally and nationally.
EBV–encoded miRNAs can sensitize nasopharyngeal carcinoma to chemotherapeutic drugs by targeting BRCA1
Authors: Lung Raymond Wai‐Ming , Tong Joanna Hung‐Man , Ip Lok‐Man , Lam Ka‐Hei , Chan Anthony Wing‐Hung , Chak Wing‐Po , Chung Lau‐Ying , Yeung Walter Wai , Hau Pok‐Man , Chau Shuk‐Ling , Tsao Sai‐Wah , Lau Kin‐Mang , Lo Kwok‐Wai , To Ka‐Fai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated epithelial malignancy. The high expression of BART‐miRNAs (miR‐BARTs) during latent EBV infection in NPC strongly supports their pathological importance in cancer progression. Recently, we found that several BART‐miRNAs work co‐operatively to modulate the DNA damage response (DDR) by reducing Ataxia‐telangiectasia‐mutated (ATM) activity. In this study, we further investigated the role of miR‐BARTs on DDR. The immunohistochemical study showed that the DNA repair gene, BRCA1, is consistently down‐regulated in primary NPCs. Using computer prediction programs and a series of reporter assays, we subsequently identified the negative regulatory role of BART2‐3p, BART12, BART17‐5p and BART19‐3p in BRCA1 expression. The ectopic expression of these four miR‐BARTs suppressed endogenous BRCA1 expression in EBV‐negative epithelial cell lines, whereas BRCA1 expression was enhanced by repressing endogenous miR‐BARTs activities in C666‐1 cells. More importantly, suppressing BRCA1 expression in nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines using miR‐BART17‐5p and miR‐BART19‐3p mimics reduced the DNA repair capability and increased the cell sensitivity to the DNA‐damaging chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin and doxorubicin. Our findings suggest that miR‐BARTs play a novel role in DDR and may facilitate the development of effective NPC therapies.
Simple risk score to screen for prediabetes: A cross‐sectional study from the Qatar Biobank cohort
Authors: Abbas Mostafa , Mall Raghvendra , Errafii Khaoula , Lattab Abdelkader , Ullah Ehsan , Bensmail Halima , Arredouani Abdelilah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes is preventable by lifestyle intervention and/or pharmacotherapy in a large fraction of individuals with prediabetes. Our objective was to develop a risk score to screen for prediabetes in the Middle East, where diabetes prevalence is one of the highest in the world.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, case–control study, we used data of 4,895 controls and 2,373 prediabetic adults obtained from the Qatar Biobank cohort. Significant risk factors were identified by logistic regression and other machine learning methods. The receiver operating characteristic was used to calculate the area under curve, cut‐off point, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. The prediabetes risk score was developed from data of Qatari citizens, as well as long‐term (≥15 years) residents.ResultsThe significant risk factors for the Prediabetes Risk Score in Qatar were age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure. The risk score ranges from 0 to 45. The area under the curve of the score was 80% (95% confidence interval 78–83%), and the cut‐off point of 16 yielded sensitivity and specificity of 86.2% (95% confidence interval 82.7–89.2%) and 57.9% (95% confidence interval 65.5–71.4%), respectively. Prediabetes Risk Score in Qatar performed equally in Qatari nationals and long‐term residents.ConclusionsPrediabetes Risk Score in Qatar is the first prediabetes screening score developed in a Middle Eastern population. It only uses risk factors measured non‐invasively, is simple, cost‐effective, and can be easily understood by the general public and health providers. Prediabetes Risk Score in Qatar is an important tool for early detection of prediabetes, and can help tremendously in curbing the diabetes epidemic in the region.
The significance of dermoscopy and trichoscopy in differentiation of erythroderma due to various dermatological disorders
Authors: Sławińska M. , Sokołowska‐Wojdyło M. , Sobjanek M. , Golińska J. , Nowicki R.J. , Rudnicka L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of a patient with erythroderma may be difficult and sometimes pose a challenge for both dermatologist and pathologist. The role of dermoscopy in this area seems to be poorly investigated. There are only a few reports, with limited number of patients, describing dermoscopic features in erythroderma of various origins. To the best of our knowledge, none of the previous studies had included trichoscopic examination.ObjectivesAnalysis of dermoscopic and trichoscopic patterns in series of patients with erythroderma.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 28 adult patients who presented with erythroderma between May 2016 and August 2020. Demographic data, disease course and duration, previous treatment, as well as dermoscopic and trichoscopic features were analysed.ResultsThere were 9 patients (32.1%) with the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides, 8 patients (28.5%) with atopic dermatitis, 3 patients (10.5%) with Sézary syndrome and 3 patients (10.5%) with pityriasis rubra pilaris. The others were diagnosed with allergic eczema (n = 1; 3.6%), dermatomyositis sine myositis (n = 1; 3.6%), psoriasis (n = 1; 3.6%), actinic reticuloid (n = 1; 3.6%) and crusted scabies (n = 1; 3.6%). Characteristic dermoscopic/trichoscopic patterns have been observed in erythroderma due to crusted scabies, psoriasis, dermatomyositis sine myositis, Sézary syndrome and pityriasis rubra pilaris. Differentiation of mycosis fungoides and long‐standing atopic dermatitis based on dermoscopy is difficult, as the overlap of vessel morphology, background colour and scale colour exists. Similarly, differentiation between AD and AE based on dermoscopy/trichoscopy seems to be impossible, and clinical background is crucial.ConclusionDermoscopy and trichoscopy seem to provide additional clues in the assessment of erythrodermic patient. Depending on the underlying cause, trichoscopy or dermoscopy may be more useful.