bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Body Positions on Quadriceps Angle Measurement
Authors: Paranjape Swati , Singhania Nikita 
Published: September 2020

Background: Quadriceps angle or Q angle is an index of the vector for the combined pull of extensor mechanisms and patellar tendon. It is a clinical measurement for knee and patella alignment. It is not a static but rather a dynamic consequence to the muscle mechanics, leg loading, and foot and leg position. Therefore in present study we assessed whether change of body position i.e. standing and supine position affects the Q angle measurement. Aims and Objectives: Present study aimed at finding whether there are any variations in Q angle in standing and supine position. Objectives of the study were to measure Q angle in supine position and standing position. We intended to assess the variations in the Q angle with change of body position. Methods: In this cross sectional analytical study, we assessed female participants between age group of 18-25 years, in supine and standing position, Q angle was measured in both the positions. Sample size was 100. Results: The results showed statistically significant increase in Q angle in standing position as compared with the supine position (p <0.0001) (C.I. 1.720 to 3.140). Conclusion: There was statistically significant increase in the Q angle measurement in standing as compared with the measurements in supine. Measuring the Q angle is concerned with assessing the knee functions during daily activities and sports participation, therefore assessing this important measurement not only in supine but also in a weight-bearing functional position in clinical setups would be helpful.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARRIAGE IN ISLAM
Authors: Ahmad Meraj Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

The foundation of the family in Islam is blood ties or marital commitments. Islam builds the family on solid grounds that are capable of providing reasonable continuity, true security and mature intimacy. Marriage is a part of life, family as well society. The universality of marriage in different societies and cultures is attributed to the many basic social and personal functions. From Islamic point of view, marriage is a religious duty, a moral safeguard and a social commitment. Islam views it as a strong bond terming by Mithaqun Ghaleez that means a challenging commitment. It is a commitment to the dignified meaning full survival of the human race. Islam regards marriages the first and foremost righteous act and an act of responsible devotion. Islam recognized the religious virtue, the social necessity and the moral advantages of marriage. Islam considers marriage a very serious commitment; it has prescribed certain measures to make the marital bond as permanent as humanly possible. Marriage in Islam is neither a sacrament nor a simple civil contract; rather marriage in Islam is a something unique with very special features of both sacramental and contractual nature. The aim of his paper is to discuss of marriage institution in Islamic framework and its roles and significance in current global human society. The paper also tries to present a solution to the problems of family issues in the light of Quran and Sunnah.
Prevalence and Pattern of Canine Impaction and Its Associated Anomalies among Orthodontic Patients Attending Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Kathmandu
Authors: Piya Anshu , Shrestha Bikash Veer , Khapung Anju , Bhattarai Prakash 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Permanent canines are considered as the cornerstone of mouth. Canines are important for esthetics and function as they are located in the anterior segment of the mouth and help in tearing of food. An impacted tooth is that tooth that cannot or will not erupt into its normal functional occlusion due to some circumstances. Those impacted tooth are considered pathologic as they might lead to various problems like resorption of roots of adjacent teeth, cystic formation, and infection with partial eruption leading to pain and trismus.
Materials & Method: All the patients (550) being treated in department of Orthodontics in Nepal Medical College from January 2017 to December 2019 were included in the study. Patients aged 13-30 years were included in the study. Clinical examinations and panoramic radiographs of patients were taken. Anterior occlusal view was done in those patients having canine impaction to determine the patterns of impaction. Data was processed in SPSS version 16.0.
Result: Among 550 orthodontic patients, 31 patients were found to have canine impaction. Among them 18 (58.1%) were females and 13 (41.9%) were males. The overall prevalence of canine impaction was found to be 5.6%. Various dental anomalies were observed in the participants’ radiographs, the most common being the retained deciduous teeth (54.8%) followed by dilacerations of adjacent teeth (51.6%). Peg shaped lateral incisors and root resorption of adjacent tooth were almost equal (22.6%) with least being the odontomas and other impacted teeth.
Conclusion: The prevalence of canine impaction in tertiary care dental hospital in Kathmandu was found to be 5.6%. Patients with impacted canines also had other dental anomalies. Knowing the prevalence of impacted canines, will encourage the community to be aware about canine impaction and educate the population about the clinical implications and the importance of performing preventive and interceptive procedures.
Dental Inclination and Thickness of The Alveolar Bone Around Incisors and Molars According to the Vertical Facial Type
Authors: Beugre-Kouassi Ahia Monique Lydie , Koffi Boimyo Eric , Beugre Jean-Bertin 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The teeth are incline differently according to the vertical skeletal typology and the corresponding alveolar bones do not always have the same thickness. However, the conflicting results in the literature, mainly related to the classification of patients according to vertical characteristics, creates a challenge for the clinician in determining the characteristic inclinations of teeth in a specific patient. The objective of this study was to find out dental inclination and thickness of the alveolar bone around incisors and molars in different facial type.
Materials & Method: The sample included 51 CBCT radiographs (28 females and 23 males) and subdivided into three subgroups according to vertical facial skeletal pattern (22 normodivergent subjects, 06 hypodivergent subjects and 23 hyperdivergent subjects). Reformatted CBCT images were used to measure the thickness of the vestibular and lingual alveolar bone around the incisors and first molars at two levels of root length (apical and middle) and their inclination. The Kruskal-Wallis test for the comparison of more than 2 means was applied for statistical analysis.
Result: Alveolar bone thickness in the apical region of the lingual side in hyperdivergent subjects was thicker than in the other two groups. The bone wall is thicker in the lingual than in the vestibular, regardless of the vertical skeletal typology. These varied inclinations were more pronounced anterior sector.
Conclusion: Dental inclinations have close relationships with the alveolar bone thicknesses associated with them. The apex of the root of the lower incisor is closer to the lingual alveolar crest when it was inclined in the lingual direction. There is a significant association between bone thickness around the teeth and facial skeletal divergence.
Health-related quality-of-life improvement with lumbar fusion in patients with lower-extremity arthritis
Authors: Djurasovic Mladen , Glassman Steven , Gum Jeffrey L. , Crawford Charles H. , Owens R. Kirk , Carreon Leah Y. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVELumbar fusion can lead to significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with degenerative conditions. It is unknown whether the presence of hip or knee arthritis confounds the responses of patients to low-back–specific PROs. This study examined PROs with lumbar fusion in patients with concomitant lower-extremity arthritis. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether patients with significant lower-extremity arthritis who undergo lumbar fusion achieve similar improvements in low-back–specific PROs compared to patients without lower-extremity arthritis.METHODSPatients were identified from a prospectively enrolled multicenter registry of patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative conditions. Two hundred thirty patients identified with lumbar fusion and who also had concomitant lower-extremity arthritis were propensity matched to 233 patients who did not have lower-extremity arthritis based on age, BMI, sex, smoking status, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, number of levels fused, and surgical approach. One-year improvement in PROs, numeric rating scales (0–10) for back and leg pain, and the Oswestry Disability Index and EuroQol-5D scores were compared for patients with and without lower-extremity arthritis.RESULTSBaseline demographics and preoperative outcome measures did not differ between the two propensity-matched groups with 110 cases each. Patients with concomitant lower-extremity arthritis achieved similar improvement in health-related quality-of-life measures to patients without lower-extremity arthritis, with no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.10).CONCLUSIONSThe presence of lower-extremity arthritis does not adversely affect the results of lumbar fusion in properly selected patients. Patients with lower-extremity arthritis who undergo lumbar fusion can achieve meaningful improvement in PROs similar to patients without arthritis.
Waldschäden wegen Dürre von 1864 bis 2018 in der Schweiz und insbesondere im Kanton Zürich
Authors: Rathgeb Ursina , Bürgi Matthias , Wohlgemuth Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Waldschäden wegen Dürre von 1864 bis 2018 in der Schweiz und insbesondere im Kanton Zürich
Wie sind die Auswirkungen der Sommertrockenheit 2018 auf Wälder und Baumarten in der Schweiz im Vergleich mit ähnlichen Extremereignissen seit 1864 einzuordnen? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden Meldungen über Waldschäden als Folge von Störungen und über Kronenverlichtungen im Rahmen von Luftverunreinigungen mit der Variation des meteorologisch bestimmten Trockenheitsindexes SPEI für die Sommerhalbjahre im schweizerischen Mittelland verglichen. Als Datenquelle für Waldschäden diente die Bütikofer-Datenbank mit 4933 Nennungen aus der ganzen Schweiz für die Zeit von 1800 bis 1960 sowie Rechenschafts- und Umweltberichte des Kantons Zürich für die Periode von 1961 bis 2018. Die Vergleiche zeigen, dass die Sommertrockenheit 2018 zu den drei extremsten Dürreereignissen seit 1864 zählt und dass die Waldschäden 2018 und 2019 die Grössenordnung der Schäden während der Trockenperiode 1947 bis 1952 erreichen dürfte. Ein weiteres Resultat des Vergleichs ist auch die Feststellung, dass der Beginn der intensiven Beobachtung von Blatt-/Nadelverlusten im Jahr 1983 in eine niederschlagsarme Periode fiel, der eine einzigartige 13-jährige Phase von überdurchschnittlich feuchten Jahren vorausgegangen war. Unsere historische Analyse legt nahe, dass die Beurteilung von quantitativen Angaben zum Schadenausmass in den kontemporären Kontext von Waldnutzung, Waldbewirtschaftung, Wahrnehmung und Überlieferung zu stellen ist.
Akzeptanz von Massnahmen bei Trockenheit: Bevölkerungsbefragung zum Extremsommer 2018
Authors: Fankhauser Marius , Buchecker Matthias 
Published: September 2020

Akzeptanz von Massnahmen bei Trockenheit: Bevölkerungsbefragung zum Extremsommer 2018
Mit extremen Ereignissen wie der Trockenheit 2018 muss in Zukunft in der Schweiz häufiger gerechnet werden. Es ist daher von Interesse zu wissen, ob sich die Bevölkerung der Probleme, die aus vermehrter Trockenheit resultieren, bewusst ist und inwieweit sie bereit ist, reaktive und proaktive Massnahmen zum Umgang mit Trockenheit und Dürren zu akzeptieren. Im Frühjahr 2019 wurde zu diesem Zweck in drei Schweizer Gemeinden eine Bevölkerungsbefragung zum Extremsommer 2018 durchgeführt. Diese ergab, dass jener Sommer mehrheitlich als aussergewöhnlich heiss und trocken wahrgenommen wurde, er aber trotzdem als überwiegend positiv in Erinnerung blieb. Während das bewusste Erleben der extremen Trockenheit eine Rolle dafür spielte, dass die Trockenheit als zukünftige Herausforderung wahrgenommen wurde, wirkte es sich auf die Akzeptanz von Massnahmen kaum aus. Diesbezüglich entscheidender waren bestehende Überzeugungen und Werthaltungen. Der berichtete Einfluss des Sommers auf das Wassernutzungsverhalten der Befragten deutet hingegen auf eine Sensibilisierung für das neue Risiko hin. Diese dürfte sich bei einem wiederholten Auftreten von Trockenheit auch auf den Handlungswillen kritischer Bevölkerungsgruppen und auf deren Akzeptanz von Massnahmen auswirken. Aufgrund unserer Erkenntnisse empfehlen wir, mittels geeigneter Kommunikationsformen und -formate bestmöglich darauf hinzuwirken, dass die Auswirkungen der klimatischen Entwicklungen auf die lokale Umwelt im Alltagsgespräch ein Thema sind. Dadurch entsteht ein erhöhtes geteiltes Verständnis für den Umgang mit Trockenheit und eine breite Akzeptanz für längerfristige Lösungsansätze.
Implementasi Standar Sumber Daya Manusia dan Pelayanan Minimal Kesehatan di Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Indriono Anik 
Published: September 2020

<table width="614" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="19"><p><em> </em></p></td><td valign="top" width="396"><p><em>Hospital is a health service facility that must provide services according to applicable service standards. One of the front guards of a hospital is an Emergency Room (IGD) which will provide emergency assistance to every patient. Emergency is a condition that threatens life and disability, so it needs fast, precise, effective and quality action. This can be achieved if the hospital has a standard of service in the Emergency Room. This study aims to determine the implementation of HR standards and minimal services in hospital emergency departments. This research is a qualitative research with a sociological juridical approach. Sociological juridical is legal research that uses secondary data as initial data, which is then followed by primary data or field data. The juridical aspect in this research is the regulation of the minister of health regarding the standards of the Hospital Emergency Room and the sociological aspect is the implementation of the rules in the ministerial decree by the hospital. Sources of legal materials for this research include primary and secondary legal materials. Data collection techniques used are through interviews and literature. The results showed that the Standard Emergency Room is regulated in Law No. 44 of 2009 concerning the Hospital. In particular, the IGD standard has been regulated in the Republic of Indonesia's Minister of Health Kepmenkes No.856 / Menkes / SK / IX / 2009 regarding the standard of Hospital Emergency Room Installation. But in reality in the field, the hospital has not fully implemented these regulations, so the quality of service in the ER is less. Thus the patient's right to get quality services is neglected. According to the Hospital Law Article 29 Paragraph 1 point (a) that "Hospitals are obliged to provide safe, quality, anti-discrimination, and effective health services by prioritizing the interests of patients in accordance with Hospital service standards". The supporting factors for implementation are high human resource motivation and the inhibiting factors, namely the opportunity and cost of further study for nurses, do not yet exist.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong></p><p><em>Implementation; Human Resource Standards; Minimum Service Standars; Hospital.</em></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
Bantuan Hukum Cuma-Cuma Bagi Tersangka yang Tidak Mampu Pada Tingkat Penyidikan
Authors: Saputra Rio , Najih Mokhammad 
Published: September 2020

<p><em>Suspects have the right to obtain legal assistance, especially for suspects who are classified as economically disadvantaged in accordance with Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The facts show that there are many irregularities in the implementation of legal aid, therefore it is necessary to know about the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are incapacitated at the level of investigation and the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of legal aid. This legal research is an empirical legal research and this research is descriptive in nature. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The techniques used to collect data were document study techniques and interview techniques. Inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are unable at the level of investigation can be classified and differentiated into 3 factors, namely, legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture).</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Legal Aid, Criminal Cases</em></p>
Effects of a Nutritional Formulation Containing Caprylic and Capric Acid, Phosphatidylserine, and Docosahexaenoic Acid in Streptozotocin-Lesioned Rats
Authors: Moura Eric L.R. , dos Santos Hellin , Celes Ana Paula M. , Bassani Taysa B. , Souza Leonardo C. , Vital Maria A.B.F. 
Published: September 2020

Background: It has been studied that nutrition can influence Alzheimer’s disease (AD) onset and progression. Some studies on rodents using intraventricular streptozotocin (STZ) injection showed that this toxin changes cerebral glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a nutritional formulation could reduce cognitive impairment in STZ-induced animals. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into two groups: sham and STZ. The STZ group received a single bilateral STZ-ICV injection (1 mg/kg). The sham group received a bilateral ICV injection of 0.9% saline solution. The animals were treated with AZ1 formulation (Instanth® NEO, Prodiet Medical Nutrition) (1 g/kg, PO) or its vehicle (saline solution) for 30 days, once a day starting one day after the stereotaxic surgery ( n = 6–10). The rats were evaluated using the open field test to evaluate locomotor activity at day 27 after surgery. Cognitive performance was evaluated at day 28 using the object recognition test and the spatial version of the Y-maze test. At day 30, the rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p) and euthanized in order to evaluate IBA1 in the hippocampus. The differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s or Kruskal Wallis with Dunn’s post-hoc test. Results/Conclusion: STZ-lesioned rats present memory impairment besides the increased microglial activation. The treatment with AZ1 formulation reversed the memory impairment observed in the object recognition test and Y-maze and also reduced IBA1 in CA1 and DG.
Prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum in Brazil: A snapshot using a multi-professional national survey
Authors: Miralha A.L. , Chermont A.G. , Orlandi P.P. , Rugolo L.S. , Sant’Anna G. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Brazil is a large country with an elevated incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) during pregnancy and variable access to health care. The objective of the study was to identify ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis practices in the country. METHODS: A prospective multidisciplinary survey was conducted using a closed social media group. Fifteen questions were developed after literature review. Specific content included categorization of respondents and practices such as type of medication, age at administration, occurrence of clinical and/or chemical conjunctivitis and microbiology identification. Questions were multiple choice, but some allowed written response. RESULTS: A total of 1.015 professionals responded, representing 24 states (92%) and 181 cities; mainly neonatologists (64%) and general pediatricians (21%). 96% of respondents reported performing prophylaxis at their institutions, mostly at birth or <1 h of life (99%), and regardless the mode of delivery (73%). Frequently used medications are: 1% silver nitrate (64%), 2.5% povidone iodine (18%) or 10% silver vitelinate (12%), with some regional variations. Occurrence of chemical conjunctivitis was stated by 58% of the respondents and microbiology identification was unusual. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis Brazil is almost universal and mainly performed by the use of anti-septic medications, with some regional variability. However, identification and treatment of CT and NG in both parents and newborns is not accomplished.
Sipiso-Piso Hotel Resort and Cottage (Neo-Vernacular Architecture)
Authors: Stella Bornok Ristamora  , Firman Eddy  
Published: September 2020

Hotel Resort and Cottage is a facility that will later help to develop culture, tourist attractions and also increase regional income. Until 2017 infrastructure development in Indonesia, in general, cannot be said to be equitable because so far, infrastructure development is only concentrated in Java and infrastructure development outside Java which, is less especially in remote areas and border areas. However, this issue canaddress by increasing Regional native revenue (PAD). Indonesia is known as a diverse country of natural and cultural resources, can be the main attraction in the tourism sector to bring domestic and foreign tourists to the area. The methodology applied from the design of this resort hotel and cottage is research directly to the location to see the soil conditions, contours, facilities around the area, wind direction, view, and sunlight. It is also a reference to some of the existing literature regarding resort hotels and cottages. The area selected for this project is Sipiso-Piso, Saribu Dolok Street, Merek District, Karo Regency because of the many resources that can manage optimally. This place has the potential to be used as a tourist attraction as well as a cultural development place. However, this place lacks facilities and infrastructure. After identifying the needs of generator activities, researchers make the design of Hotel Resort and Cottagein, addition to improving tourist sites and cultural education, this design also aims to increase the revenue of this area. Analysis and design concepts using the interpretation of Neo Vernacular Architecture