bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytic results for decays of color singlets to gg and $$q \bar{q}$$ final states at NNLO QCD with the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme
Authors: Caola Fabrizio , Melnikov Kirill , Röntsch Raoul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present compact analytic formulas that describe the decay of colorless particles to both $$q \bar{q}$$qq¯ and gg final states through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD in the context of the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme. In addition to their relevance for the description of decays like $$V \rightarrow q \bar{q}'$$V→qq¯′, $$V= Z,W$$V=Z,W, $$H \rightarrow b \bar{b}$$H→bb¯ and $$H \rightarrow gg$$H→gg, these results provide an important building block for calculating NNLO QCD corrections to arbitrary processes at colliders within the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme.
Complete Shadow Symbolic Execution with Java PathFinder
Authors: Noller Yannic , Nguyen Hoang Lam , Tang Minxing , Kehrer Timo , Grunske Lars 
Published: December 2019

Regression testing ensures the correctness of the software during its evolution, with special attention on the absence of unintended side-e ects that might be introduced by changes. However, the manual creation of regression test cases, which expose divergent behavior, needs a lot of e ort. A solution is the idea of shadow symbolic execution, which takes a uni ed version of the old and the new programs and performs symbolic execution guided by concrete values to explore the changed behavior.
In this work, we adapt the idea of shadow symbolic execution (SSE) and combine complete/standard symbolic execution with the idea of four-way forking to expose diverging behavior. There- fore, our approach attempts to comprehensively test the new be- haviors introduced by a change. We implemented our approach in the tool ShadowJPF+, which performs complete shadow sym- bolic execution on Java bytecode. It is an extension of the tool ShadowJPF, which is based on Symbolic PathFinder. We applied our tool on 79 examples, for which it was able to reveal more di- verging behaviors than common shadow symbolic execution. Ad- ditionally, the approach has been applied on a real-world patch for the Joda-Time library, for which it successfully generated test cases that expose a regression error.
Effect of Blood Flow Restricted Resistance Exercise and Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Functional Capacity and Myocellular Adaptations in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Groennebaek Thomas , Sieljacks Peter , Nielsen Roni , Pryds Kasper , Jespersen Nichlas R. , Wang Jakob , Carlsen Caroline R. , Schmidt Michael R. , de Paoli Frank V. , Miller Benjamin F. , Vissing Kristian , Bøtker Hans Erik 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) have impaired functional capacity and inferior quality of life. The clinical manifestations are associated with structural and functional impairments in skeletal muscle, emphasizing a need for feasible rehabilitation strategies beyond optimal anticongestive medical treatment. We investigated whether low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) or remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) could improve functional capacity and quality of life in patients with CHF and stimulate skeletal muscle myofibrillar and mitochondrial adaptations.

Methods:
We randomized 36 patients with CHF to BFRRE, RIC, or nontreatment control. BFRRE and RIC were performed 3× per week for 6 weeks. Before and after intervention, muscle biopsies, tests of functional capacity, and quality of life assessments were performed. Deuterium oxide was administered throughout the intervention to measure cumulative RNA and subfraction protein synthesis. Changes in muscle fiber morphology and mitochondrial respiratory function were also assessed.

Results:

BFRRE improved 6-minute walk test by 39.0 m (CI, 7.0–71.1,
P
=0.019) compared with control. BFRRE increased maximum isometric strength by 29.7 Nm (CI, 10.8–48.6,
P
=0.003) compared with control. BFRRE improved quality of life by 5.4 points (CI, −0.04 to 10.9;
P
=0.052) compared with control. BFRRE increased mitochondrial function by 19.1 pmol/s per milligram (CI, 7.3–30.8;
P
=0.002) compared with control. RIC did not produce similar changes.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that BFRRE, but not RIC, improves functional capacity, quality of life, and muscle mitochondrial function. Our findings have clinical implications for rehabilitation of patients with CHF and provide new insights on the myopathy accompanying CHF.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03380663.
Feasibility and Efficacy of His Bundle Pacing or Left Bundle Pacing Combined With Atrioventricular Node Ablation in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator Therapy
Authors: Wang Songjie , Wu Shengjie , Xu Lei , Xiao Fangyi , Whinnett Zachary I. , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Su Lan , Huang Weijian 
Published: December 2019

Background

Persistent atrial fibrillation may lead to a higher probability of inappropriate shocks in heart failure patients with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (
ICD
). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing combined with atrioventricular node ablation in improving heart function and preventing inappropriate shock therapy in these patients.

Methods and Results

A total of 86 consecutive patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and heart failure who had indications for
ICD
implantation were enrolled from January 2010 to March 2018. His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing with
ICD
and atrioventricular node ablation was attempted in 55 patients, and the remaining patients underwent
ICD
implantation only. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end‐systolic volume, New York Heart Association (
NYHA
) classification, shock therapies, and drug therapy were assessed during follow‐up. Overall, 31 patients received
ICD
implantation with optimal drug therapy (group 1). atrioventricular node ablation combined with His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing was successfully achieved in 52 patients (group 2). During follow‐up, patients in group 2 had lower incidence of inappropriate shock (15.6% versus 0%,
P
<0.01) and adverse events (
P
=0.011). Meanwhile, improvement in LV ejection fraction and reduction in LV end‐systolic volume were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (15% versus 3%,
P
<0.001; and 40 versus 2 mL,
P
<0.01, respectively).
NYHA
functional class improved in both groups from a baseline 2.57±0.68 to 1.73±0.74 in group 1 and 2.73±0.59 to 1.42±0.53 in group 2 (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions

His‐Purkinje conduction system pacing combined with atrioventricular node ablation is feasible and safe with a high success rate in persistent atrial fibrillation patients with heart failure and
ICD
indication. It can significantly reduce the incidence of inappropriate shocks and improve LV function.
Hermit Crabs as Emergent Icons of Global Waste Epidemic and Their Unreal Estate Housing Struggles
Authors: Cortés Zulueta Concepción 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA hermit crab housed in a broken glass bottle or inside a plastic cap is becoming like a polar bear stranded on a tiny, melting iceberg: those pictures are emergent icons of the plight faced by oceans and creatures, caused by human waste excesses and wrongdoings. These inventive crustaceans fulfill a warning role akin to charismatic megafauna, and induce empathy with varied sources, dominated by human projections like the housing crisis metaphor. Crabs emerge like a cluster where many opposed notions collapse, while they stage the frictions of a complex, fractured balance. They are wild animals, and controversial companion animals, and when they live inside human trash, they show resilience that questions the natural-artificial divide. Simultaneously, they remind humans of strains imposed upon them, the oceans, and the planet, becoming tokens of the unbalances with which humans have to deal in their often-misguided attempts to fix the things they are rupturing.
Seasonal Dependence of Cold Surges and their Interaction with the Madden–Julian Oscillation over Southeast Asia
Authors: Xavier Prince , Lim See Yee , Ammar Bin Abdullah Muhammad Firdaus , Bala Michael , Chenoli Sheeba Nettukandy , Handayani Asteria S. , Marzin Charline , Permana Donaldi , Tangang Fredolin , Williams Keith D. , Yik Diong Jeong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNortheasterly cold surges strongly influence the rainfall patterns over the Malay Peninsula during the northeast monsoon season. This study looks at the changes in the cold surges and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) characteristics through the northeast monsoon season and their interaction. Nearly 75% of the cold surge events tend to cross the equator around the Java Sea area (100°–110°E) in February–March with drier conditions prevailing over the Malay Peninsula and increased rainfall over Java. Both the cold surges and the MJO undergo seasonal variations with well-defined regional features. Wavelet analysis shows that MJO amplitude and high-frequency rainfall variations over Southeast Asia peak in November–December. MJO amplitude is suppressed during February and March. This is linked to the high-frequency surges of meridional winds that are prominent during the early part of the season, but February–March is dominated by low-frequency (~20–90 days) cross-equatorial monsoon flow. These prolonged periods of strong meridional flow at the equator interact with the MJO both dynamically and thermodynamically and act as a barrier for convection from propagating from the Indian Ocean to the Maritime Continent (MC). These interactions may have implications for weather and seasonal forecasting over the region. An evaluation of the properties of cold surges and their interaction with the seasonal cycle in the Met Office Unified Model is performed. The atmosphere–ocean coupled model performs better in representing the pattern of influence of the cold surges despite the biases in intensity and spatial distribution of rainfall extremes. These diagnostics are presented with the aim of developing a set of model evaluation metrics for global and regional models.
Tetrahydropalmatine has a therapeutic effect in a lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation model
Authors: Zhi Lin , Yang Shangqi , Chen Jiekun , Lu Yuli , Chen Jiahong , Qin Zixi , Tang Xiao-Mei 
Published: December 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of tetrahydropalmatine (Tet) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) by exploring the role of Tet using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC model. Methods/Materials: We established a mouse DIC model by injecting LPS. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to detect liver and kidney damage. Blood samples were obtained to determine liver and kidney injury indexes, coagulation indexes, and inflammatory cytokines. An in vitro cell inflammation model was also established. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation were determined by western blot. Result Tet ameliorated the damage to organ tissues, improved coagulation indexes, and reduced the inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-induced mouse DIC. Tet also inhibited TNF-α expression by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway activation in an in vitro LPS model using RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusions Tet has a mitigating and therapeutic effect on the LPS-induced DIC model via anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects, showing its potential as an adjunct to DIC treatment.
Implementing target range oxygen in critical care: A quality improvement pilot study
Authors: Heartshorne Rosie , Cardell Jenna , O'Driscoll Ronan , Fudge Tim , Dark Paul 
Published: December 2019

Background Iatrogenic hyperoxaemia is common on critical care units and has been associated with increased mortality. We commenced a quality improvement pilot study to analyse the views and practice of critical care staff regarding oxygen therapy and to change practice to ensure that all patients have a prescribed target oxygen saturation range. Methods A baseline measurement of oxygen target range prescribing was undertaken alongside a survey of staff attitudes. We then commenced a programme of change, widely promoting an agreed oxygen target range prescribing policy. The analyses of target range prescribing and staff survey were repeated four to five months later. Results Thirty-three staff members completed the baseline survey, compared to 29 in the follow-up survey. There was no discernible change in staff attitudes towards oxygen target range prescribing. Fifty-four patients were included in the baseline survey and 124 patients were assessed post implementation of changes. The proportion of patients with an oxygen prescription with a target range improved from 85% to 95% (χ2 = 5.17, p = 0.02) and the proportion of patients with an appropriate prescribed target saturation range increased from 85% to 91% (χ2 = 1.4, p = 0.24). The improvement in target range prescribing was maintained at 96% 12 months later. Conclusions The introduction and promotion of a structured protocol for oxygen prescribing were associated with a sustained increase in the proportion of patients with a prescribed oxygen target range on this unit.
Myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease: Treatment patterns and long-term outcome in men and women results from a Swedish nationwide study
Authors: Sigvant B , Hasvold P , Thuresson M , Jernberg T , Janzon M , Nordanstig J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Differences in comorbidity, pharmacotherapy, cardiovascular (CV) outcome, and mortality between myocardial infarction (MI) patients and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients are not well documented.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare comorbidity, treatment patterns, CV outcome, and mortality in MI and PAD patients, focusing on sex differences.

Methods
This observational, population-based study used data retrieved from mandatory Swedish national registries. The risks of MI and death were assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Secondary preventive drug use was characterized. Cox proportional risk hazard modelling was used to determine the risk of specific events.

Results
Overall, 91,808 incident MI patients and 52,408 PAD patients were included. CV mortality for MI patients at 12, 24, and 36 months after index was 12.3%, 19.3%, and 25.4%, and for PAD patients it was 15.5%, 23.4%, and 31.0%. At index, 89% of MI patients and 65% of PAD patients used aspirin and 74% and 53%, respectively, used statins. Unlike MI women, women with PAD had a lower rate of other CV-related comorbidities and a lower risk of CV events (age-adjusted hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.79‒0.84), CV death (0.78, 0.75‒0.82), and all-cause death (0.78, 0.76‒0.80) than their PAD male counterparts.

Conclusion
PAD patients were less intensively treated and had a higher CV mortality than MI patients. Women with PAD were less likely than men to present with established polyvascular disease, whereas the opposite was true of women with MI. This result indicates that the lower-limb vasculature may more often be the index site for atherosclerosis in women.
Teriparatide improves pain-related behavior and prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Kato Sho , Wakabayashi Hiroki , Nakagawa Taro , Miyamura Gaku , Naito Yohei , Iino Takahiro , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of teriparatide (TPTD) on pain and on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The mechanism of osteoporotic pain in OVX mice was evaluated through an examination of pain-related behavior as well as immunohistochemical examinations. Methods: Eight-week-old female ddY mice were OVX and assigned to one of three groups: (1) OVX mice treated with vehicle (OVX), (2) OVX mice treated with teriparatide (OVX-TPTD), or (3) SHAM-operated mice treated with vehicle (SHAM). Starting immediately after surgery, vehicle or TPTD was injected subcutaneously. After a 4-week treatment, mechanical sensitivity was tested using von Frey filaments. The proximal tibial metaphyses were analyzed three-dimensionally by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expressions in L3–5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results: Ovariectomy induced bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hind limbs with upregulation of CGRP and TRPV1 expressions in DRG neurons innervating the hind limbs. Bone loss was prevented more effectively in the OVX-TPTD mice than in the OVX mice. Furthermore, mechanical hyperalgesia and upregulation of CGRP and TRPV1 expressions were significantly lower in the OVX-TPTD mice than in the OVX mice. Conclusion: TPTD treatment prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss and ovariectomy-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in hind limbs, and it suppressed CGRP and TRPV1 expressions in DRG neurons. These results suggest that TPTD is useful for the treatment of osteoporotic pain in postmenopausal women.
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modified with Akt1 Ameliorates Acute Liver GVHD
Authors: Zhou Lukun , Liu Shuang , Wang Zhao , Yao Jianfeng , Cao Wenbin , Chen Shulian , Xie Wenjun , Feng Shuqing , Xu Yuanfu , Cheng Tao , Han Mingzhe , Feng Sizhou 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Liver injury associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a frequent and severe complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and remains a major cause of transplant-related mortality. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for aGVHD. However, the therapeutic effects are not always achieved. In this study, we genetically engineered C57BL/6 mouse BM-MSCs with AKT1 gene and tested whether AKT1-MSCs was superior to control MSCs (Null-MSCs) for cell therapy of liver aGVHD.

Results
In vitro apoptosis analyses showed that, under both routine culture condition and high concentration interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (100ng/mL) stimulation condition, AKT1-MSCs had a survival (anti-apoptotic) advantage compared to Null-MSCs. In vivo imaging showed that AKT1-MSCs had better homing capacity and longer persistence in injured liver compared to Null-MSCs. Most importantly, AKT1-MSCs demonstrated an enhanced immunomodulatory function by releasing more immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL-10. Adoptive transfer of AKT1-MSCs mitigated the histopathological abnormalities of concanavalin A(ConA)-induced liver injury along with significantly lowered serum levels of ALT and AST. The attenuation of liver injury correlated with the decrease of TNF-α and IFN-γ both in liver tissue and in the serum.

Conclusions
In summary, BM-MSCs genetically modified with AKT1 has a survival advantage and an enhanced immunomodulatory function both in vitro and in vivo and thus demonstrates the therapeutic potential for prevention and amelioration of liver GVHD and other immunity-associated liver injuries.
After early retirement: the variety of human-resource strategies of firms towards older employees
Authors: Brussig Martin , Leber Ute 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOver the last years, the employment rate of older workers has increased sharply in Germany. Against this background, the question arose as to whether firms have contributed actively to the growing share of older employees, either by offering special human resource management (HRM) measures, such as further training (internal strategy) or by hiring older employees from the external labour market (external strategy). Our paper analyses the interrelation between both strategies. By using data from the IAB Establishment Panel, we investigate the determinants of the firms’ decision to use one or the other strategy or to combine both strategies. Our analyses show that some factors, such as firm size, experiences with older staff or a shortage of skilled workers promote the decision for both strategies. Other characteristics, in contrast, have a positive effect on one strategy only. This applies in particular to industrial relations, but also to the share of qualified workers within a company.
Benchmarking machine learning models for late-onset alzheimer’s disease prediction from genomic data
Authors: De Velasco Oriol Javier , Vallejo Edgar E. , Estrada Karol , Taméz Peña José Gerardo , Disease Neuroimaging Initiative The Alzheimer’s 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) is a leading form of dementia. There is no effective cure for LOAD, leaving the treatment efforts to depend on preventive cognitive therapies, which stand to benefit from the timely estimation of the risk of developing the disease. Fortunately, a growing number of Machine Learning methods that are well positioned to address this challenge are becoming available.

Results
We conducted systematic comparisons of representative Machine Learning models for predicting LOAD from genetic variation data provided by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Our experimental results demonstrate that the classification performance of the best models tested yielded ∼72% of area under the ROC curve.

Conclusions
Machine learning models are promising alternatives for estimating the genetic risk of LOAD. Systematic machine learning model selection also provides the opportunity to identify new genetic markers potentially associated with the disease.
3D shape analyses of extant primate and fossil hominin vertebrae support the ancestral shape hypothesis for intervertebral disc herniation
Authors: Plomp Kimberly A. , Dobney Keith , Weston Darlene A. , Strand Viðarsdóttir Una , Collard Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently we proposed an evolutionary explanation for a spinal pathology that afflicts many people, intervertebral disc herniation (Plomp et al. [2015]BMC Evolutionary Biology15, 68). Using 2D data, we found that the bodies and pedicles of lower vertebrae of pathological humans were more similar in shape to those of chimpanzees than were those of healthy humans. Based on this, we hypothesized that some individuals are more prone to intervertebral disc herniation because their vertebrae exhibit ancestral traits and therefore are less well adapted for the stresses associated with bipedalism. Here, we report a study in which we tested this “Ancestral Shape Hypothesis” with 3D data from the last two thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae of pathologicalHomo sapiens, healthyH. sapiens,Pan troglodytes, and several extinct hominins.ResultsWe found that the pathological and healthyH. sapiensvertebrae differed significantly in shape, and that the pathologicalH. sapiensvertebrae were closer in shape to theP. troglodytesvertebrae than were the healthyH. sapiensvertebrae. Additionally, we found that the pathological human vertebrae were generally more similar in shape to the vertebrae of the extinct hominins than were the healthyH. sapiensvertebrae. These results are consistent with the predictions of the Ancestral Shape Hypothesis. Several vertebral traits were associated with disc herniation, including a vertebral body that is both more circular and more ventrally wedged, relatively short pedicles and laminae, relatively long, more cranio-laterally projecting transverse processes,and relatively long, cranially-oriented spinous processes. We found that there are biomechanical and comparative anatomical reasons for suspecting that all of these traits are capable of predisposing individuals to intervertebral disc herniation.ConclusionsThe results of the present study add weight to the hypothesis that intervertebral disc herniation inH. sapiensis connected with vertebral shape. Specifically, they suggest that individuals whose vertebrae are towards the ancestral end of the range of shape variation withinH. sapiens have a greater propensity to develop the condition than other individuals. More generally, the study shows that evolutionary thinking has the potential to shed new light on human skeletal pathologies.