bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galaxy Morphology Network: A Convolutional Neural Network Used to Study Morphology and Quenching in ∼100,000 SDSS and ∼20,000 CANDELS Galaxies
Authors: Ghosh Aritra , Urry C. Megan , Wang Zhengdong , Schawinski Kevin , Turp Dennis , Powell Meredith C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We examine morphology-separated color–mass diagrams to study the quenching of star formation in ∼100,000 (z ∼ 0) Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and ∼20,000 (z ∼ 1) Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) galaxies. To classify galaxies morphologically, we developed Galaxy Morphology Network (GaMorNet), a convolutional neural network that classifies galaxies according to their bulge-to-total light ratio. GaMorNet does not need a large training set of real data and can be applied to data sets with a range of signal-to-noise ratios and spatial resolutions. GaMorNet's source code as well as the trained models are made public as part of this work. We first trained GaMorNet on simulations of galaxies with a bulge and a disk component and then transfer learned using ∼25% of each data set to achieve misclassification rates of ≲5%. The misclassified sample of galaxies is dominated by small galaxies with low signal-to-noise ratios. Using the GaMorNet classifications, we find that bulge- and disk-dominated galaxies have distinct color–mass diagrams, in agreement with previous studies. For both SDSS and CANDELS galaxies, disk-dominated galaxies peak in the blue cloud, across a broad range of masses, consistent with the slow exhaustion of star-forming gas with no rapid quenching. A small population of red disks is found at high mass (∼14% of disks at z ∼ 0 and 2% of disks at z ∼ 1). In contrast, bulge-dominated galaxies are mostly red, with much smaller numbers down toward the blue cloud, suggesting rapid quenching and fast evolution across the green valley. This inferred difference in quenching mechanism is in agreement with previous studies that used other morphology classification techniques on much smaller samples at z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 1.
Counting on Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Gravitational-wave Constraints of Jet Geometry
Authors: Farah Amanda , Essick Reed , Doctor Zoheyr , Fishbach Maya , Holz Daniel E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The detections of GW170817 and GRB 170817A revealed that at least some short gamma-ray bursts (sGRB) are associated with the merger of neutron-star compact binaries. The gamma-rays are thought to result from the formation of collimated jets, but the details of this process continue to elude us. One important feature of gamma-ray bursts is the emission profile of the jet as a function of viewing angle. We present two related methods to measure the effective angular width,

, of sGRB jets using gravitational-wave (GW) and gamma-ray data, assuming all sGRBs have the same angular dependence for their luminosities. The first is a counting experiment that requires minimal knowledge about each event, beyond whether or not they were detected in gamma-rays. The second method uses GW and electromagnetic data to estimate parameters of the source. We additionally outline a model-independent method to infer the full jet structure of sGRBs using a nonparametric approach. Applying our methods to GW170817 and GW190425, we find weak constraints on the sGRB luminosity profile. We project that with 5 and 100 binary neutron star detections, the counting method would constrain the relative uncertainty in

to within

and

, respectively. Incorporating GW parameter estimation provides only marginal improvements. We conclude that the majority of the information about jet structure comes from the relative sensitivities of GW and gamma-ray detectors as encoded in simple counting experiments.
Diffusive Shock Acceleration in N Dimensions
Authors: Lavi Assaf , Arad Ofir , Nagar Yotam , Keshet Uri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Collisionless shocks are often studied in two spatial dimensions (2D) to gain insights into the 3D case. We analyze diffusive shock acceleration for an arbitrary number

of dimensions. For a nonrelativistic shock of compression ratio

, the spectral index of the accelerated particles is

this curiously yields, for any N, the familiar

(i.e., equal energy per logarithmic particle energy bin) for a strong shock in a monatomic gas. A precise relation between

and the anisotropy along an arbitrary relativistic shock is derived and is used to obtain an analytic expression for

in the case of isotropic angular diffusion, affirming an analogous result in 3D. In particular, this approach yields

in the ultrarelativistic shock limit for N = 2, and

for any strong shock. The angular eigenfunctions of the isotropic-diffusion transport equation reduce in 2D to elliptic cosine functions, providing a rigorous solution to the problem; the first function upstream already yields a remarkably accurate approximation. We show how these and additional results can be used to promote the study of shocks in 3D.
Efficient Methanol Production on the Dark Side of a Prestellar Core
Authors: Harju Jorma , Pineda Jaime E. , Vasyunin Anton I. , Caselli Paola , Offner Stella S. R. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Juvela Mika , Sipilä Olli , Faure Alexandre , Le Gal Romane , Hily-Blant Pierre , Alves João , Bizzocchi Luca , Burkert Andreas , Chen Hope , Friesen Rachel K. , Güsten Rolf , Myers Philip C. , Punanova Anna , Rist Claire , Rosolowsky Erik , Schlemmer Stephan , Shirley Yancy , Spezzano Silvia , Vastel Charlotte , Wiesenfeld Laurent 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array maps of the starless molecular cloud core Ophiuchus/H-MM1 in the lines of deuterated ammonia (ortho-

), methanol (

), and sulfur monoxide (SO). The dense core is seen in

emission, whereas the

and SO distributions form a halo surrounding the core. Because methanol is formed on grain surfaces, its emission highlights regions where desorption from grains is particularly efficient. Methanol and sulfur monoxide are most abundant in a narrow zone that follows the eastern side of the core. This side is sheltered from the stronger external radiation field coming from the west. We show that photodissociation on the illuminated side can give rise to an asymmetric methanol distribution but that the stark contrast observed in H-MM1 is hard to explain without assuming enhanced desorption on the shaded side. The region of the brightest emission has a wavy structure that rolls up at one end. This is the signature of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability occurring in sheared flows. We suggest that in this zone, methanol and sulfur are released as a result of grain–grain collisions induced by shear vorticity.
Abnormal Dawn–Dusk Asymmetry of Protonated Ions in the Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Cui J. , Z.-P. Ren , Z.-P. Wu , X.-S. Wu , Y.-Q. Hao , Wei Y. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Normally, the Martian ionosphere displays a dusk enhancement due to continuous depletion of plasma via recombination during day-to-night transport. Using the extensive measurements made by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft, we show that several species, including

, OH+, H2O+, and NH+, present instead an abnormal dawn enhancement above the exobase where they are mainly produced by ion-neutral reactions involving H2. Such a peculiarity is indicative of a dawn bulge of H2 present in the Martian upper atmosphere and corona, which is driven by subsidence in regions of horizontal wind convergence and the subsequent buildup of minor atmospheric species with large vertical scale heights. A similar dynamical process is also known to occur in the upper atmospheres of other solar system bodies such as the Earth, Venus, and Titan. Interestingly, despite that the diurnal variations of O and N are subject to the same dynamical effect, a dawn enhancement is not seen for O+ and N+, possibly due to the nonthermal production of their parent atoms in the ambient atmosphere via processes such as photodissociation and dissociative recombination. The H2 distribution inferred in this study is important for a thorough understanding of hydrogen escape and climate evolution on Mars.
Impacts of Dust Grains Accelerated by Supernovae on the Moon
Authors: Siraj Amir , Loeb Abraham 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There is evidence that ejecta from nearby supernovae have rained down on Earth in the past. Supernovae can accelerate preexisting dust grains in the interstellar medium to speeds of ∼0.01c. We investigate the survival and impact of dust grains from supernovae on the Moon, finding that supernova dust grains can form detectable tracks with widths of ∼0.01–0.07 μm and depths of ∼0.1–0.7 mm in lunar rocks. These tracks could potentially shed light on the timings, luminosities, and directions of nearby supernovae.
Origin of Sub-TeV Afterglow Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B
Authors: Sahu Sarira , Fortín Carlos E. López 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The detection of GRB 180722B and GRB 190114C in sub-TeV gamma-rays has opened up a new window to study gamma-ray bursts in high-energy gamma-rays. Recently it has been shown that the synchrotron and inverse Compton processes are responsible for the production of these high-energy gamma-rays during the afterglow. Here, for the first time we demonstrate that the photohadronic scenario that is successful in explaining the multi-TeV flaring in high-energy blazars is also applicable for gamma-ray bursts. We show that the sub-TeV spectra of GRB 190114C and GRB 180720B are due to the interaction of high-energy protons with the background photons in the synchrotron self-Compton region and synchrotron region, respectively. The nature of the background photon distributions help us to constrain their bulk Lorentz factors.
Prevalence of Retinal Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in an African Population From Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Jacobsen Bradley H. , Shah Avni A. , Aggarwal Sahil , Mwanansao Christopher , McFadden Molly , Zouache Moussa A. , Shakoor Akbar 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine the prevalence of retinal disease among a population in Mwanza, Tanzania, and to identify relevant risk factors for retinal disorders in this cohort.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, among patients older than 18 years. Participants completed a demographics survey and underwent an ophthalmic examination that included fundus photography.

RESULTS:
Complete data were available for 1,007 (93.8%) of the 1,073 persons examined. The prevalence of vitreoretinal disorders was 22.8% (230/1,007). The leading retinal diseases were age-related macular degeneration (7.0%), hypertensive retinopathy (4.5%), and macular scars (2.7%).

CONCLUSION:
This study is the first population-based study of retinal disease in Mwanza. The findings reveal a considerable burden of retinal disease in this region, suggesting a need for trained local ophthalmic personnel and resources.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2020;51:S17–S25.]
« Jouer aux normaux entre malades ». Expériences des troubles psychiques et normalités négociées dans les groupes d’entraide mutuelle.
Authors: Troisoeufs Aurélien 
Published: June 2020

Les groupes d’entraide mutuelle (GEM), développés dans le cadre de la loi du 11 février 2005, ont été pensés comme des dispositifs de compensation et de prévention du handicap psychique. Organisés autour d’activités socioculturelles, ils sont présentés comme un lieu, non médical, de rencontres entre pairs favorisant l’entraide et la socialisation des personnes faisant l’expérience de troubles psychiques. Un des objectifs fixés est de leur permettre de « mettre la maladie/le handicap entre parenthèses » et de faire du GEM un passage vers une vie (plus) « ordinaire » dans laquelle elles pourraient a priori se considérer comme « normales ». Cet article vise à présenter la différence de point de vue entre animateurs et adhérents quant au sens et à la mise en pratique d’une vie ordinaire. Les relations entre pairs sont une occasion de proposer une lecture originale de la liminarité comme condition ordinaire de vie.
Vengeance of Nonhuman Beings: An Ecocritical Reading of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’ Work, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”
Authors: Turan Özgür Güngör  
Published: June 2020

These days environmental issues are among the most commonly reported ones in the world. The dangerous effects of the environmental problems, which are as old as the history of humanity, began to be felt more profoundly after the Industrial Revolution. In former times the environmental problems were felt only at a local level with the destruction of forests in order to facilitate hunting places and clear lands for farming areas. After the Industrial Revolution the extent of the problem rose and reached the catastrophic disaster level with the extensive fossil fuel use. Nowadays, when environment problems come into question, many people prefer using the term environmental disaster in place of the term environmental problems. This term, environmental disaster, may be remarkable enough to discern the severity of the problem. The role of literature in reaching the public cannot be denied. Ecocriticism tries to make use of this ability of literature in setting forth and expressing environment problems. Since both fictional and non-fictional literature can reach many people, the works which concern with the environmental problems may be beneficial to raise awareness and contribute to inform many people all over the world about the severity of these problems. Creating awareness is an important issue since many people are not aware of the fact that the nature is destroyed by humans, and they neglect that the harm to nature causes the harm to humanity concurrently since there has always been an indissoluble bond between ecosystem and humans. Humans cannot be dissociated from the natural world.
In this study, some brief information about human related environment disasters, social organizations which were established to fight for the rights of nonhuman beings in nature, the function of literature in creating awareness among human beings, the efforts of creating ecological reading and the emergence of ecocritical literary criticism will be given. After discussing Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s contribution to nature writing and Romanticism briefly, “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” will be evaluated from an ecocritical perspective.
A replication of “A quasi-maximum likelihood approach for large, approximate dynamic factor models” (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2012)
Authors: Lucchetti Riccardo , Venetis Ioannis A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The authors replicate and extend the Monte Carlo experiment presented in Doz, Giannone and Reichlin (A Quasi-Maximum Likelihood Approach For Large, Approximate Dynamic Factor Models, Review of Economics and Statistics, 2012) on alternative (time-domain based) methods for extracting dynamic factors from large datasets; they employ open source software and consider a larger number of replications and a wider set of scenarios. Their narrow sense replication exercise fully confirms the results in the original article. As for their extended replication experiment, the authors examine the relative performance of competing estimators under a wider array of cases, including richer dynamics, and find that maximum likelihood (ML) is often the dominant method; moreover, the persistence characteristics of the observable series play a crucial role and correct specification of the underlying dynamics is of paramount importance.
An Actor Approach to Mediatization
Authors: Ketelaars Pauline , Van Aelst Peter 
Published: June 2020

An Actor Approach to Mediatization: Linking Politicians’ Media Perceptions, Communication Behaviour and Appearances in the News
In the light of the broader debate on the mediatization of politics, this study wants to better understand how the media perceptions and media behaviour of politicians are related to their appearances in the news. We opt for an innovative actor-centred approach to actually measure the views and actions of individual politicians. We combine surveys conducted with 142 Belgian representatives with data on politicians’ external communication behaviour and on their appearances in television news, newspapers and news websites. The results show that media behaviour is not so much related to beliefs of media importance. We do find a significant positive relationship between strategic media behaviour and media attention suggesting that politicians who put in more effort appear more often in various news media. However, this positive relationship depends on the specific form of strategic communication and the political position of the legislator. Our study adds to the mediatization literature by showing how and when politicians are successful in obtaining media attention.
Repurposing a traditional Japanese method of pest control for wintering pine moths, Komo-trap, for use against summer and winter populations of fall webworms
Authors: Mikami Osamu K. , Takamatsu Misaki , Yarita Rika 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe fall webworm,Hyphantria cuneaDrury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a widespread invasive species. It is native to North America, ranging from southern Canada to northern Mexico. During and after the 1940s, this pest was accidentally introduced in many parts of Europe and Asia. It has now spread to more than 30 countries. The larvae feed on leaves of a wide range of tree species, including ones used as street trees in cities, causing an increase in urban management cost. Although several pest management methods have been employed, pest damage continues especially in newly invaded areas. In this study, we examined the effect and cost-effectiveness of the komo-trap, traditionally used in Japan to reduce the population of larvae of the pine mothDendrolimus spectabilisButler (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae). This trap, which is safe for people and ecosystems, has not yet been applied to trap the fall webworm.MethodsIn two seasons of 2017, we set komo-traps on street trees in Hakodate City, Japan. We counted the numbers of captured fall webworms compared with controls. We also monitored other species to evaluate any nontarget effects of the trap.ResultsOne komo, the material cost of which is about 1.10 USD, captured 43.8 fall webworms on average in summer and 27.2 in the fall. The values were significantly larger than those of the controls, which were 0.07 in summer and 0.14 in winter. Bycatch of other species was minimal in summer, whereas in the fall one komo, on average, caught 10.7 woodlicePorcelliosp. or spp. (Isopoda: Porcellionidae).DiscussionThe komo-trap is effective in capturing fall webworm. The cost performance of the trap is very favorable, and the nontarget effects can be reduced by using the trap in summer only. The komo-trap would complement other control methods such as tree pruning. Because its cost is low, we recommend that the komo-trap be introduced as a larger-scale trial.
Exploration of Possibilities to Identify Heterotic Cross Combinations in Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Grain Yield and Quality Parameters
Authors: Singh Mithilesh Kumar , . Banshidhar , Kumar Avinash , Tigga Aman , Singh S. K. 
Published: June 2020

Twenty eight crosses generated using eight aromatic rice varieties crossed in half diallel fashion were evaluated and analyzed along with parents to investigate combining ability and gene action for grain yield and various grain quality traits. The general combining ability and specific combining ability variances were significant for all the traits that indicated the role of both additive and non-additive genetic components. Ratio of σ2gca/σ2sca< 1 indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Pusa Basmati-1 was the good general combiner showing significantly high GCA effect for a maximum of seven-grain quality traits viz., milling recovery (0.81), kernel length (0.28), kernel breadth (-0.05), kernel length/breadth ratio (0.26), cooked kernel length (0.79), alkali digestion value (0.67) and amylose content (0.60) but not for yield. Cross PSD-15×Pant Basmati-1 (P7×P8) was the good specific combiner showing high SCA effects for a maximum of eight grain quality traits viz. hulling recovery (2.76), milling recovery (2.06), kernel length (0.89), kernel length/breadth ratio (0.69), cooked kernel length (3.06), kernel elongation ratio (0.12), alkali digestion value (1.11) and amylose content (1.01) but not yield. None of the top three crosses (Pusa Sugandh-6×PSD-15, Pusa Basmati-1×PSD-15 and Pusa Sugandh-4×Basmati-370) based on high SCA effect for grain yield plant-1exhibited as high SCA effect to fall within top three crosses on that basis for any of the grain quality traits.
Improvement of Soil and Plant Health through Adoption of an Organic Package of Practice for Rice Cultivation in New Alluvial Soil of West Bengal
Authors: Rahman F. H. , Mukherjee S. , Das S. , Mukhopadhyay K. , Bera R. R. , Seal Antara 
Published: June 2020

The objective of Organic farming is to achieve crop sustainability through restoration of soil dynamics, improvement of plant health through improvement of the soil - plant interactions, nourishment of the environmental resistance and reducing pest interferences. Lack of scientific guidelines and comprehensive organic package of practice (POP) has rendered the objective unachievable. The present study was initiated at Howrah Krishi Vigyan Kendra in 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the potential of Inhana Rational Farming (IRF) Technology, an organic POP, towards increasing crop productivity and restoration of soil quality under rice cultivation under different farming model viz. organic, integrated, non-pesticidal crop management as well as KVK.s recommendation with reduced fertilizer dosage. Treatments with organic plant management practices (IRF technology) showed 5% higher crop productivity (4774 kg/ha) in comparison to conventional farmers’ practice (4537 kg/ha) for Swarna sub-1 rice variety. Where as in case of scented rice varieties like Gobindobhog, the organic practice showed highest crop performance (3194 kg/ha) among all the treatments, and achieved 17% higher yield than that obtained under conventional farmers’ practice (2726 kg/ha). Also the non-pesticidal crop management, a new concept of synthetic pesticide free crop cultivation under IRF Technology showed higher crop performance (4991 kg/ha and 2978 kg/ha in Swarna sub-1 and Gobindobhog rice varieties respectively) than conventional farmers practice. Organic plant management under IRF aimed at activation of plant physiology was found to have a positive impact towards agronomic development and yield performance as compared to conventional practice. Assessment of soil quality parameters indicated increasing trend of soil quality especially in terms of soil biological parameters for plots receiving Novcom compost.