bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Inter-Observer Agreement in Water Source Classification and Sanitary Risk Observations
Authors: Okotto-Okotto Joseph , Wanza Peggy , Kwoba Emmah , Yu Weiyu , Dzodzomenyo Mawuli , Thumbi S. M. , da Silva Diogo Gomes , Wright Jim A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSanitary risk inspection, an observation protocol for identifying contamination hazards around water sources, is promoted for managing rural water supply safety. However, it is unclear how far different observers consistently identify contamination hazards and consistently classify water source types using standard typologies. This study aimed to quantify inter-observer agreement in hazard identification and classification of rural water sources. Six observers separately visited 146 domestic water sources in Siaya County, Kenya, in wet and dry seasons. Each observer independently classified the source type and conducted a sanitary risk inspection using a standard protocol. Water source types assigned by an experienced observer were cross-tabulated against those of his colleagues, as were contamination hazards identified, and inter-observer agreement measures calculated. Agreement between hazards observed by the most experienced observer versus his colleagues was significant but low (intra-class correlation = 0.49), with inexperienced observers detecting fewer hazards. Inter-observer agreement in classifying water sources was strong (Cohen’s kappa = 0.84). However, some source types were frequently misclassified, such as sources adapted to cope with water insecurity (e.g. tanks drawing on both piped and rainwater). Observers with limited training and experience thus struggle to consistently identify hazards using existing protocols, suggesting observation protocols require revision and their implementation should be supported by comprehensive training. Findings also indicate that field survey teams struggle to differentiate some water source types based on a standard water source classification, particularly sources adapted to cope with water insecurity. These findings demonstrate uncertainties underpinning international monitoring and analyses of safe water access via household surveys.
Preparation of cationic surfactant-modified kaolin for enhanced adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution
Authors: Belachew Neway , Hinsene Hirpo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the current work, we have reported a cationic surfactant-modified Ethiopian kaolin for improved adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The raw kaolin was modified by treating with CTAB to enhance the adsorption properties. The crystal structure and vibrational analysis of CTAB–kaolin were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD) techniques. The successful modification of kaolin by CTAB through intercalation and coating was investigated by XRD and FTIR. p-XRD confirms the raw kaolin obtained fromBelesa,Tigokebele is kaolinite mineral. The study has also focused on the application of kaolin–CTAB for adsorption of hexavalent chromium. The percent removal of Cr(VI) was investigated at different parameters such as pH, contact time, concentration of Cr(VI) and adsorbent dosage. CTAB–kaolin shows 99% removal of Cr(VI) at the adsorption equilibrium (time = 180 min, 100 mg CTAB–kaolin, 10 ppm/100 ml). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to investigate the adsorption process of chromium onto kaolin–CTAB composites. The equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir model than Freundlich, which shows that the adsorption process proceeds through monolayer adsorption and maximum adsorption capacity was found to beQo = 22.72 mg/g. Thepseudo-second-order kinetics model is found to be well fitted thanPseudo-first-order kinetics, which implies that the adsorption mechanism more favors electrostatic interaction between chromium and kaolin–CTAB composites. In conclusion, CTAB–kaolin was found to be a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution.
Electro-Fenton method for the removal of Malachite Green: effect of operational parameters
Authors: Teymori Maryam , Khorsandi Hassan , Aghapour Ali Ahmad , Jafari Seyed Javad , Maleki Ramin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the degradation and mineralization of Malachite Green (MG) in an electro-Fenton process (EFP). We studied the influence of several important parameters including solution pH (2–11), current density (0–20 mA/cm2), H2O2concentration (0–200 mg/L) and MG concentrations (200, 600, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000 mg/L) at different reaction time (2.5–30 min). The intermediates produced during the degradation were determined by GC–MS. The optimum pH, current density and H2O2concentration were found to be approximately 3, 10 mA/cm2and 50 mg/L, respectively. It was concluded that acidic pH was required to increase the efficiency of the EFP. At optimum conditions and a reaction time of 15 min, MG was completely removed without any significant variation in the corresponding maximum wavelengths or new absorption bands. Due to formation of intermediates, almost all the organic compounds were completely mineralized (95.3%) to CO2and water at reaction time of 30 min. Results indicated the effect of hydroxyl radical (·OH) on MG degradation is greater than that of superoxide radical scavenger ($$ {\text{O}}_{2}^{ \cdot - } $$O2·-). The results showed that the degradation process of MG followed pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the treatment time required in EFP was 4.6 times lower than ECP. Furthermore, the results showed that EFP was an extremely efficient process for degradation and mineralization of a high concentration of MG (1000 mg/L) at a short reaction time (30 min).
What Is (Business) Management? Laying the Ground for a Philosophy of Management
Authors: Blok Vincent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we philosophically reflect on the nature of business management. We move beyond the political paradigm of the conceptualization of management in order to lay the ground for a philosophy of business management. First, we open-up the self-evident conceptualization of business management in contemporary management practices by comparing ancient and contemporary definitions of management. Second, we develop a framework with six dimensions of the nature of business management that can guide future philosophical and empirical work on the nature of business management: management control, people management, asset management and entrepreneurial action, management as participation, management as responsive action and management as constituting meaning.
Influence of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A polymorphisms on cytomegalovirus disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Patel Sagar S. , Rybicki Lisa A. , Yurch Melissa , Thomas Dawn , Liu Hien , Dean Robert , Jagadeesh Deepa , Hill Brian , Pohlman Brad , Bolwell Brian , Hanna Rabi , Hamilton Betty K. , Kalaycio Matt , Gerds Aaron T. , Cober Eric , Mossad Sherif , Zhang Aiwen , Majhail Navneet S. , Askar Medhat , Sobecks Ronald 
Published: December 2019

Objective/Background:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease are common infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA) is a ligand of the natural killer (NKG2D) receptor on immune effector cells that helps mediate NK cell alloreactivity. We hypothesized that MICA polymorphisms may influence CMV infection and disease incidence after alloHCT.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 423 adults at the Cleveland Clinic with hematologic malignancies treated with a matched related or unrelated donor alloHCT. CMV cases analyzed included a compositive of instances of viral copy replication above detection limits as well as any biopsy-proven tissue invasive disease episodes. Genotypes at the MICA-129 position have been categorized as weak (valine/valine; V/V), intermediate (methionine/-valine; M/V), or strong (methionine/methionine; M/M) receptor affinity.

Results:
In multivariable analysis, V/V donor MICA-129 genotype was associated with CMV infection and disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.96; p = .05), but not MICA mismatch (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 0.83–2.29; p = .22). There was no association of acute or chronic GVHD with MICA donor-recipient mismatch (HR = 1.05; 95% 95% CI, 0.66–1.68; p = .83 and HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.51–1.76; p = .85, respectively) or V/V donor MICA-129 genotypes (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.79–1.31; p = .89 and HR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.651.22; p = .47, respectively).

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that the donor MICA-129 V/V genotype with weak NKG2D receptor binding affinity is associated with an increased risk of CMV infection and disease after alloHCT.
Management of inflammatory bowel diseases in urgent and emergency scenario
Authors: Gomes Carlos Augusto , Podda Mauro , Veiga Sabrina Carpanez , Cabral Tayenne do Vale , Lima Luiza Verardo , Miron Lorena Costa , Oliveira Vanessa de Lucas , Aranha Gabriel Lunardi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective To review the main acute complications of inflammatory bowel disease in order to present the state of the art of their respective diagnosis and treatment.
Methods A bibliographic search was conducted in Medline database using the following keywords: “inflammatory bowel disease”, “Colitis Ulcerative”, “Crohn Disease”, “emergency” among others that had their variation evaluated by the MESH. Articles from the last 10 years conducted with humans, written in Portuguese or English, and published in journals with impact factor greater than 1 were selected.
Results After carrying out the search phrase and selecting the filters, 20 articles were selected to be included in the research. The most common acute complications were evaluated, focusing on their current propaedeutic and management aspects.
Conclusion Most emergencies related to inflammatory bowel disease should be treated non-operatively firstly, prioritizing patient hemodynamic state. In selected cases of life-threatening complications emergent operative treatment are mandatory. The timing of procedure is the most important aspect. As general rule, in Crohn’s Disease, operative treatment should be postponed as much as possible and the resection as small as possible. In case of ulcerative rectocolitis, if the hemodynamic state of the patient allows, proctocolectomy should be expedited with curative intention.
Benthic Filtering Reduces the Abundance of Primary Producers in the Bottom Water of an Open Sandy Beach System (Kashimanada Coast, Japan)
Authors: Seike Koji , Banno Masayuki , Watanabe Kenta , Kuwae Tomohiro , Arai Masahito , Sato Hajime 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effect of benthic filtering by the upogebiid shrimp Austinogebia narutensis on the abundance of primary producers in the water column was investigated on a wave‐dominated nearshore zone in central Japan facing the Pacific Ocean. Chlorophyll a concentration in the bottom layer of the water column decreased significantly with increasing population density of A. narutensis, suggesting that shrimp feeding reduces the abundance of phototrophic microorganisms in the bottom layer. Because the upogebiid shrimp commonly occur in the nearshore zone of sandy beaches, similar effects of their benthic filtering as reported in this study can be expected in areas where the shrimp is as densely present.
Can Barrier Islands Survive Sea‐Level Rise? Quantifying the Relative Role of Tidal Inlets and Overwash Deposition
Authors: Nienhuis Jaap H. , Lorenzo‐Trueba Jorge 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBarrier island response to sea‐level rise depends on their ability to transgress and move sediment onto and behind the barrier, either through flood‐tidal delta deposition or via overwash. Our understanding of these processes over decadal or longer timescales, however, is limited. Here we use a recently developed barrier island model (BRIE) to better understand the interplay between tidal dynamics, overwash fluxes, and sea‐level rise on barrier coasts and barrier island stratigraphy. Model results suggest that in microtidal environments with large alongshore sediment transport fluxes, tidal inlets are ephemeral and migrate rapidly. These conditions lead to effective deposition of flood‐tidal deltas and allow inlets to constitute most of the landward sediment flux. Whether barrier islands can survive sea‐level rise depends on the combined landward sediment flux from overwash and flood‐tidal delta deposition, likely making barrier islands with artificially stabilized inlets (via jetty construction or maintenance dredging) more vulnerable to sea‐level rise.
Understanding Diatoms’ Past and Future Biogeochemical Role in High‐Latitude Seas
Authors: Krause Jeffrey W. , Lomas Michael W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBecause cold‐water diatoms’ baseline elemental density (BED) is substantially higher than temperate diatoms, previous polar studies may have underestimated diatoms’ contribution to elemental standing stocks, contribution to particulate organic carbon (POC) export and incorrectly modeled their susceptibility to future warming. We apply cold‐water diatom allometry to Arctic field samples and derive diatom growth rates ranging from 0.01–0.68 day−1, versus unrealistically high rates estimated using temperate diatom allometry. Reanalysis of published Southern Ocean data (Antarctic Environment and Southern Ocean Process Study and European Iron Fertilization Experiment) shows that diatom POC was significantly underestimated and diatoms could have accounted for a majority of POC export. However, during some field programs (Kerguelen Plateau), temperate allometry properly accounted for diatom biomass. We also predict that warming sea surface temperature may alter high‐latitude diatom BED, suggesting that even if abundances do not change with warming, the reduced diatom BED will likely lower the trophic‐transfer efficiency and their total carbon flow to consumers.
Thermospheric Composition O/N Response to an Altered Meridional Mean Circulation During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Observed by GOLD
Authors: Oberheide J. , Pedatella N. M. , Gan Q. , Kumari K. , Burns A. G. , Eastes R. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObservations from the recently launched Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) instrument on the geostationary SES‐14 communications satellite reveal a substantial response of the mean state of the thermosphere to the Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event in early January 2019. The observed O/N
column density depletion of more than 10% starts at the onset of the SSW, maximizes at the time of the stratospheric wind reversal, and recovers toward the end of the SSW. A connection between SSW and thermospheric composition was previously predicted by model simulations but could not be observed before. The GOLD measurements support the scenario that enhanced global‐scale wave activity during SSWs causes an enhanced wave driving of the lower thermosphere zonal mean circulation that leads to a reduction in lower thermosphere atomic oxygen, which then propagates through molecular diffusion into the upper thermosphere.
Male morphological traits are heritable but do not predict reproductive success in a sexually-dimorphic primate
Authors: Kimock Clare M. , Dubuc Constance , Brent Lauren J. N. , Higham James P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSexual selection favours traits that increase reproductive success via increased competitive ability, attractiveness, or both. Male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) morphological traits are likely to reflect the effects of multiple sexual selection pressures. Here, we use a quantitative genetic approach to investigate the production and maintenance of variation in male rhesus macaque morphometric traits which may be subject to sexual selection. We collected measurements of body size, canine length, and fat, from 125 male and 21 female free-ranging rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago. We also collected testis volumes from males. We used a genetic pedigree to calculate trait heritability, to investigate potential trait trade-offs, and to estimate selection gradients. We found that variation in most male morphometric traits was heritable, but found no evidence of trait trade-offs nor that traits predicted reproductive success. Our results suggest that male rhesus macaque morphometric traits are either not under selection, or are under mechanisms of sexual selection that we could not test (e.g. balancing selection). In species subject to complex interacting mechanisms of selection, measures of body size, weaponry, and testis volume may not increase reproductive success via easily-testable mechanisms such as linear directional selection.
Feasting and Mobility in Iron Age Ireland: Multi-isotope analysis reveals the vast catchment of Navan Fort, Ulster
Authors: Madgwick Richard , Grimes Vaughan , Lamb Angela L. , Nederbragt Alexandra J. , Evans Jane A. , McCormick Finbar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNavan Fort is an iconic prehistoric Irish ceremonial centre and the legendary capital of Ulster. The fort has produced an exceptional pig-dominated faunal assemblage that also contained a barbary macaque skull. Dating from the 4th to 1st century BC, it is likely to be a ceremonial feasting centre that may have drawn people and their animals from across Ulster and beyond. This study uses a multi-isotope (87Sr/86Sr, δ34S, δ13C, δ15N) approach to identify non-local animals and reconstruct site catchment. New biosphere mapping means that isotope data can be more confidently interpreted and the combination of strontium and sulphur analysis has the potential to estimate origins. In the absence of human remains, fauna provide the best proxy for human movement. Results for the 35 analysed animals are wide-ranging, especially in terms of strontium (0.707–0.715), which has the largest range for an Irish site. Sulphur values are more restricted (13.1‰−17.1‰) but are high in the context of British and Irish data. Results provide clear evidence for animals (and thus people) coming from across Ulster and beyond, demonstrating the site’s wide catchment. Navan Fort was clearly a major ceremonial centre with far-reaching influence and hosted feasts that drew people and animals from afar.
An Integrated Preprocessing Approach for Exploring Single-Cell Gene Expression in Rare Cells
Authors: Shang Junyi , Welch David , Buonanno Manuela , Ponnaiya Brian , Garty Guy , Olsen Timothy , Amundson Sally A. , Lin Qiao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExploring the variability in gene expressions of rare cells at the single-cell level is critical for understanding mechanisms of differentiation in tissue function and development as well as for disease diagnostics and cancer treatment. Such studies, however, have been hindered by major difficulties in tracking the identity of individual cells. We present an approach that combines single-cell picking, lysing, reverse transcription and digital polymerase chain reaction to enable the isolation, tracking and gene expression analysis of rare cells. The approach utilizes a photocleavage bead-based microfluidic device to synthesize and deliver stable cDNA for downstream gene expression analysis, thereby allowing chip-based integration of multiple reactions and facilitating the minimization of sample loss or contamination. The utility of the approach was demonstrated with QuantStudio digital PCR by analyzing the radiation and bystander effect on individual IMR90 human lung fibroblasts. Expression levels of the Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a (CDKN1A), Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), and Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) genes, previously shown to have different responses to direct and bystander irradiation, were measured across individual control, microbeam-irradiated or bystander IMR90 cells. In addition to the confirmation of accurate tracking of cell treatments through the system and efficient analysis of single-cell responses, the results enable comparison of activation levels of different genes and provide insight into signaling pathways within individual cells.
Close-up observations on the spawning behavior of a captive Japanese flying squid (Todarodes pacificus)
Authors: Yamamoto Jun , Adachi Kohsuke , Bower John R. , Matsui Hajime , Nakaya Mitsuhiro , Ohtani Ryusei , Puneeta Pandey , Suzuki Satoshi , Tokioka Shun , Vijai Dharmamony , Yanagimoto Takashi , Yoo Hae-Kyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe spawning behavior of a Japanese flying squid (Todarodes pacificus) is described based on up-close observation of a captive female. The squid was first transferred from a 10-ton tank to a polystyrene plastic box containing 45 liters of seawater. About one hour later, the mantle-contraction rate increased rapidly, followed by a brief convulsion of the mantle and arms and a whitening of the body. The mantle contractions become shallow and rapid, and several seconds later, semitransparent jelly presumably from the nidamental glands emerged from the funnel and passed between the ventral pair of arms. Approximately 90 seconds after the egg mass first emerged, the female began ejecting oocytes through the funnel into the egg mass using rapid, powerful mantle contractions. Soon after the oocytes were ejected, translucent strands (presumably sperm) emanated from the buccal membrane. The female continued to eject oocytes for approximately two minutes, after which the mantle convulsed, and the mantle-contraction rate decreased slowly for about one minute until the contractions stopped. The squid died soon afterwards.
Thiazide Use and Fracture Risk: An updated Bayesian Meta-Analysis
Authors: Charkos Tesfaye Getachew , Liu Yawen , Jin Lina , Yang Shuman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe association between thiazide use and fracture risk is still controversial. We conducted an updated meta-analysis on the association between thiazide use and fracture risk. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases for all types of human studies, including observational and experimental studies that were published up until July 2019. We also manually searched the reference lists of relevant studies. The pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% credible interval (CrI) were calculated using a Bayesian hierarchical random effect model. A total of 19 case-control (N = 496,568 subjects) and 21 cohort studies (N = 4,418,602 subjects) were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR for fractures associated with thiazide use was 0.87 (95% CrI: 0.70–0.99) in case-control and 0.95 (95% CrI: 0.85–1.08) in cohort studies. The probabilities that thiazide use reduces any fracture risk by more than 0% were 93% in case-control studies and 72% in cohort studies. Significant heterogeneity was found for both case-control (p < 0.001, I2 = 75%) and cohort studies (p < 0.001, I2 = 97.2%). Thiazide use was associated with reduced fracture risk in case-control studies, but not in cohort studies. The associations demonstrated in case-control studies might be driven by inherent biases, such as selection bias and recall bias. Thus, thiazide use may not be a protective factor for fractures.