bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical process control of the vertical form, fill and seal packaging machine in food industry
Authors: Rique Junior José Flávio , Peruchi Rogério Santana , Rotella Junior Paulo , Dutra Pereira Robson Bruno 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn food industry, high variability is quite common due to seasonality of raw materials and perishable products. Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an effective methodology to reduce variability and to make predictable processes. Literature still lacks of practical approaches of SPC implementation in food operations. Thus, this paper aims to propose a SPC method for quality control of a packaging process of fruit pulp sachets. This method is based on phase I and II study of P control chart for process stability and capability assessment. In phase I, special causes of variation were found and corrected in order to prevent against recurrence. After eliminating special causes of variation, the process capability has been reported as 2 sigma quality level. In phase II, an online monitoring procedure has been implemented and there was no special causes of variation in the packaging operation, assuring process stability.Practical applicationsThe proposed method provides to the production supervisor a very powerful and straightforward tool for quality control. Basically, if at any daily production the fraction of defectives goes below lower control limit or above upper control limit, immediately, the supervisor has to conduct the procedure for detecting special cause of variation. The proposed method was very successful for assuring process stability during online monitoring. The fraction of defectives items was remained in statistical control while the ongoing monitoring was being performed.
Consent in Pelvic Care
Authors: Tillman Stephanie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConsent is a clear dialogue between individuals to engage in a specific activity. Expectations for consent to intimate examinations in health care should be equal to, if not exceed, expectations for intimate interactions in society. In reality, current definitions of consent in health care vary. These blurry definitions lead to individualized interpretation, incomplete fulfillment, and opportunities for misunderstanding by both patient and health care provider. If a patient does not believe they have consented to an examination or procedure, they are likely to rightfully identify with one of consent's antonyms, assault. Within the field of gynecology, a history of misogyny, racism, and classism illuminates abhorrent contexts of assault disguised as care. Similar practices persist in the modern application of pelvic care, ranging from overt sexual assault to coercion disguised as guidance. Health care providers and students who seek to improve consent practices can look to evidence‐based frameworks such as trauma‐informed care and shared decision making, both of which are embraced widely by professional organizations. These approaches often take precedence during the first pelvic examination; care for people who are lesbian, bisexual, queer, transgender, or nonbinary; and care for anyone with a known history of sexual assault; they can be easily extrapolated to all intimate examinations. Beyond obtaining consent for the examination itself, health care providers must also intentionally obtain consent to include students in care and openly discuss new universal recommendations for chaperone presence. Scripting for common procedures, such as bimanual examinations for pelvic care or cervical examinations in labor, allows health care providers to practice trauma‐informed language, include evidence‐based guidance, and avoid unintentional bias. Contemporary providers of intimate pelvic care must work to understand and strengthen the definition of consent and ensure its realization in practice.
Application of infrared thermography in the early warning of pressure injury: A prospective observational study
Authors: Cai Fuman , Jiang Xiaoqiong , Hou Xiangqing , Wang Duolao , Wang Yu , Deng Haisong , Guo Hailei , Wang Haishuang , Li Xiaomei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo verify the ability of infrared thermography in objectively identifying pressure injury and its application value in the early warning of pressure injury.BackgroundThere is subjectivity in assessing the risk of pressure injury as well as diagnosis in clinical settings, which makes early detection and prevention difficult.DesignProspective, cohort study.MethodFour hundred and fifteen patients admitted to the adult intensive care units were enrolled by a convenience sampling method, and they received a follow‐up monitoring for 10 days. The risk of pressure injury was assessed via Braden scale, and thermal images of sacral area were obtained by infrared thermal imager once a day. The predictive effects of infrared thermography and Braden scale on pressure injury were compared by the receiver operating characteristic curve from which the optimal cut‐off value of skin temperature for predicting pressure injury was determined. The effect of skin temperature on pressure injury was described and compared, using Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazard regression model, respectively. We followed STROBE checklist for reporting the study.ResultsThe relative temperature of sacral area was negatively correlated with the risk of pressure injury. The efficiency of infrared thermography for diagnosing pressure injury was better than that of Braden scale. Based on the relative temperature optimal cut‐off value (−0.1°C), Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed the incidence of pressure injury with relative temperature below −0.1°C was higher than the group with relative temperature above −0.1°C.ConclusionsInfrared thermography can objectively and accurately identify local hypothermia warnings of pressure injury before visual recognition. The application of infrared thermography into routine pressure injury risk assessment provides a timely and reliable method for nursing practitioners.Relevance to clinical practiceInfrared thermography has great value of clinical application in daily pressure injury assessment. It is of great significance to make a faster and more objective clinical judgement for patients at risk of pressure injury.
Construct validity of clinical nurse specialist core competency scale: An exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Pietilä Anna‐Maija , Mikkonen Santtu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo conduct a construct validity test on a clinical nurse specialist core competency scale.BackgroundClinical nurse specialists’ competency development dates back to the late 20th century; however, there is scarcity of competency descriptions from outside of North America. Furthermore, little knowledge is available on the previous research‐driven efforts to develop and validate clinical nurse specialist core competencies.DesignA descriptive study, using an online self‐report questionnaire, was conducted from May to September 2019 in three Nordic countries.MethodsAn exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring and rotation method oblimin with Kaiser normalisation was undertaken to examine factors in the 50‐item scale. Parallel analysis with eigenvalue Monte Carlo simulation and scree plot was used to determine the number of factors to extract. Psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated, and subjective interpretation was used to modify the tool in line with the statistical analysis. The STROBE checklist was used as the reporting guideline for this study.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐four responses were obtained (Finlandn = 52, Denmarkn = 95, Icelandn = 37) with an overall response rate of 45%. The results provided construct validity evidence of the underlying theoretical structures of the four competency spheres of patient, nursing, organisation and scholarship. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the original overall scale was 0.94, thus indicating adequate reliability of the scale.ConclusionsBased on the analysis and subjective interpretation, we suggest a 47‐item clinical nurse specialist core competency scale. Further study should be conducted to validate the core competency content and construct in other contexts beyond the present study.Relevance to clinical practiceThe scale may be used to guide clinical nurse specialist practice and identify areas for professional development, develop graduate‐level programme curricula and inform future competency research.
Immunohistochemical expression of Tazarotene‐induced Gene 3 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Venkataswamy Pavithra , Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya , Rao Roopa S. , Banavar Spoorthi Ravi , Patil Shankargouda , Augustine Dominic , Haragannavar Vanishri C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of hyperproliferative skin lesions, such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, and non‐melanoma skin cancers, is significantly benefited from the levels of tazarotene‐induced gene‐1 (TIG3) expression and subsequent treatment with tazarotene. Such observations suggest that TIG3 could be used as a biomarker for apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation. The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of TIG3 in normal oral mucosa (NOM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with normal skin (NS) and skin squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC) using immunohistochemistry.MethodsSeventeen cases each of SSCC, OSCC, NOM, and NS were evaluated. Each section was immunohistochemically stained with a rabbit polyclonal TIG3 antibody. The entire procedure was blinded and evaluated by 5 observers. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi‐square test.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in TIG3 protein expression in OSCC and SSCC compared with that in NOM and NS (P = 0.008). The progressive loss of expression was observed as the grade of both malignancies increased. However, there was no significant difference in the expression among the normal tissue groups and within SCC groups of similar grades.ConclusionThe present study suggests that the loss of TIG3 is an important event in carcinogenesis. TIG3 acts as a regulator of keratinocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation. Therefore, TIG3 could be a potential biomarker to differentiate aggressive and non‐aggressive neoplasms.
Pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of an oral pradofloxacin suspension administered to eastern long‐necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis)
Authors: Taylor Emily , Trott Darren J. , Kimble Benjamin , Xie Shangzhe , Govendir Merran , McLelland David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in chelonians are well described but this does not extend to pradofloxacin, a broad‐spectrum veterinary fluoroquinolone available as an oral suspension for cats and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the single‐dose pharmacokinetic profile of pradofloxacin oral suspension at 7.5 mg/kg in eastern long‐necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis). Eight treated turtles were sampled at multiple time points up to 168 hr. Plasma concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Pradofloxacin was quantifiable for up to 48 hr after drug administration. The Tmax (9.0 hr) and T½ to 48 hr (13.16 hr) were longer, and the Cmax (0.2 μg/ml) and AUC0‐24 (2.2 hr*μg/ml) lower, than previously reported in cats and dogs. Pradofloxacin was measurable in tank water samples for up to 48 hr. No adverse effects were observed in six turtles administered 7.5 mg/kg sid for 7 days. Using mammalian MIC data, the AUC0‐24/MIC ratios for a range of bacterial isolates suggest that this dose of pradofloxacin in turtles is unlikely to be effective against many bacterial pathogens.
Automated crack assessment and quantitative growth monitoring
Authors: Kong Si‐Yu , Fan Jian‐Sheng , Liu Yu‐Fei , Wei Xiao‐Chen , Ma Xiao‐Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCrack assessment has remained one of the high‐priority research topics for structural health monitoring. However, the current research mainly focuses on the crack assessment at some point, but pays relatively less attention to the long‐term development of cracks, which is important for structure health monitoring. In this paper, a new method based on dual‐convolutional neural network (CNN) (well over 94% accuracy), digital image processing technology and shape context is proposed, which achieves a fully automated process composed of crack detection, crack measurement, and quantitative crack growth monitoring. In crack growth monitoring, an algorithm to label each crack is put forward for the first time, which is able to reflect the sequential order of the occurrence of cracks. Therefore, each skeleton point of cracks will be assigned an ID which contains information about its identity and width in order to monitor cracks at both a global and local level. Experimental studies of a concrete member with complex cracks are utilized for the illustration and validation of the proposed methodology.
Coordination of differentiation rate and local patterning in compound‐leaf development
Authors: Israeli Alon , Ben‐Herzel Ori , Burko Yogev , Shwartz Ido , Ben‐Gera Hadas , Harpaz‐Saad Smadar , Bar Maya , Efroni Idan , Ori Naomi 
Published: December 2020

Summary

The variability in leaf form in nature is immense. Leaf patterning occurs by differential growth, taking place during a limited window of morphogenetic activity at the leaf marginal meristem. While many regulators have been implicated in the designation of the morphogenetic window and in leaf patterning, how these effectors interact to generate a particular form is still not well understood.

We investigated the interaction among different effectors of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) compound‐leaf development, using genetic and molecular analyses.

Mutations in the tomato auxin response factor SlARF5/SlMP, which normally promotes leaflet formation, suppressed the increased leaf complexity of mutants with extended morphogenetic window. Impaired activity of the NAC/CUC transcription factor GOBLET (GOB), which specifies leaflet boundaries, also reduced leaf complexity in these backgrounds. Analysis of genetic interactions showed that the patterning factors SlMP, GOB and the MYB transcription factor LYRATE (LYR) coordinately regulate leaf patterning by modulating in parallel different aspects of leaflet formation and shaping.

This work places an array of developmental regulators in a morphogenetic context. It reveals how organ‐level differentiation rate and local growth are coordinated to sculpture an organ. These concepts are applicable to the coordination of pattering and differentiation in other species and developmental processes.
Assessment of mucin and alpha‐amylase levels in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Vadiati Saberi Bardia , Yousefi Farouq , Yousefi Tooba , Qujeq Durdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontitis. Several immune and inflammatory factors responsible for periodontal destruction have been found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The current study was conducted to determine the correlation between mucin and alpha‐amylase protein values in GCF with chronic periodontitis.MethodForty‐five patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic periodontitis were selected. Samples of GCF were taken from a specific part of a single root tooth and placed in a closed test tube containing phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) (pH = 7). Sampling was done again after one month. Pre‐ and post‐treatment samples were analyzed for measuring the levels of mucin and alpha‐amylase proteins.ResultsPaired t test results for these two variables showed that the difference between mucin and alpha‐amylase levels before and after treatment is significant.ConclusionThe level of both mucin and alpha‐amylase in GCF in patients with chronic periodontitis was higher than that of patients who have recovered successfully; and evaluating the values of these two markers could be used to determine the activity of the periodontal disease.
Individualized Study of Posterior Hemivertebra Excision and Short‐Segment Pedicle Screw Fixation for the Treatment of Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Wang Chen , Meng Zhao , You Dian‐ping , Zhu Hua , Wang Fei , Liu Jun‐hang , Zhao Shuo 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the surgical effect of children with symmetrical screw fixation and asymmetric screw fixation during posterior hemivertebra excision and short‐segment pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of congenital scoliosis (CS).MethodsA total of 30 children with CS who underwent posterior hemivertebra excision and short‐segment bilateral pedicle screw fixation in our hospital from 2012 to 2018 were retrospectively included and were divided into two groups: symmetric fixation group (n = 18) and asymmetric fixation group (n = 12). The total main curve, segmental main curve, cranial compensatory curve, caudal compensatory curve, coronal balance, and apical vertebra translation were measured in the coronal plane. The segmental kyphosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal balance were measured in the sagittal plane.ResultsOf the 30 children, 28 hemivertebrae were resected. Twenty‐two children had one hemivertebra, three had two hemivertebrae, and five were rib deformities. The average operation time was 268 min (180–420 min). The average blood loss was 291 mL (150–550 mL). The average follow‐up was 21.1 months (12–47 months). For symmetric fixation group and there were significant differences among postoperative and follow‐up parameters including the total main curve, segmental main curve, cranial compensatory curve, caudal compensatory curve, apical vertebra translation and segmental kyphosis compared with those of preoperative parameters (P < 0.05). The postoperative coronal balance was significantly lower than preoperative coronal balance (P < 0.05). The follow‐up thoracic kyphosis was significantly higher than preoperative and postoperative thoracic kyphosis (P < 0.05). For asymmetric fixation group, the postoperative and follow‐up parameters including the total main curve, segmental main curve, cranial compensatory curve, caudal compensatory curve, apical vertebra translation, and segmental kyphosis had statistical differences compared with those of preoperative parameters (P < 0.05). The postoperative sagittal balance was significantly higher than preoperative postoperative (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the postoperative and follow‐up correction rate and correction loss between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were three complications in 30 children in our study, including two cases who had poor wound healing, and the wound healed smoothly after half a month of sterile dressing change. Postoperative curve progression occurred in one case after T12 and L3 hemivertebra resection and thoracic hemivertebra resection was planned again.ConclusionFor pedicles which were difficult for screw fixation, adjacent segments can be chosen for screw fixation and it is safe and effective for vertebral pedicles ≤3 without internal fixation.
Finite Mixtures of Semiparametric Bayesian Survival Kernel Machine Regressions: Application to Breast Cancer Gene Pathway Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Kim Inyoung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A gene pathway is defined as a set of genes that functionally work together to regulate a certain biological process. Gene pathway expression data, which is a special case of highly correlated high-dimensional data, exhibits the ‘small n and large p’ problem. Pathway analysis can take into account the dependency structures among genes and the possibility that several moderately regulated genes may have significant impacts on the clinical outcomes. To test the significance of gene pathways in the presence of subgroups, we propose a finite mixture model of semiparametric Bayesian survival kernel machine regressions (fm-BKSurv). Within each hidden group, we model the unknown function of gene pathways via a Gaussian kernel machine. We demonstrate how fm-BKSurv excels in terms of true positive rate, false positive rate, accuracy, and precision in a simulation study, and further illustrate the outperformance of fm-BKSurv in detecting significant gene pathways using a gene pathway expression dataset of breast cancer patients.
An analysis of in‐field soil testing and mapping for improving fertilizer decision‐making in vegetable production in Kenya and Ghana
Authors: Mallory Adrian , Golicz Karolina , Sakrabani Ruben 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn‐field soil testing and soil mapping can contribute to addressing the challenge of poor soil fertility and limited fertilizer application across sub‐Saharan Africa. Semi‐quantitative colorimetric methods, such as paper test strips, are frequently employed in soil nutrient assessment across developing countries, especially in South‐East Asia. This research investigated the accuracy of nutrient‐sensitive paper strips and smartphone, which was re‐purposed to act as a reflectometer, to assess soil nitrate‐N, and different methods for mapping soil fertility to identify areas of land that are suitable for human waste‐derived fertilizers (HWDF) application. The study entailed testing soil samples across 42 different farms in Kenya and Ghana and compared it to laboratory results in‐country. It was found that paper strips were capable of assessing available nitrate‐N concentration present in the soil within ±20 kg ha−1 of the standard method for 86% of the farms. Paper strips were less effective in Ghana as they had been calibrated for a method that was not used by local laboratories. Paper strips were not effective for HWDF samples, where chemical interferences and concentration of different forms of nitrates were too high, resulting in overestimation of readings and thus negatively affecting any associated nutrient management advice. Soil mapping has the potential to use open‐source data to inform farmers through mobile technology. For soil mapping two methods were deployed which includes targeting organic matter deficient areas and stakeholder led mapping, with the latter shown to be more effective in identifying areas for HWDF application.