bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the product channels in the reaction of the methyl radical with fulminic acid
Authors: Nguyen Trong Nghia , Nguyen Hue Minh Thi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reaction of CH3 + HCNO was theoretically studied by both density functional theory and molecular orbital calculations and analyzed by quantum statistical methods. The potential energy surface was constructed at the UCCSD(T)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(3df,2p) + ZPE level. Four entrance channels are opened relating to the interaction of the CH3 radical with each of the four atoms of the HCNO molecule, giving rise to 18 different product sets. The predicted geometries and heats of reaction are in good agreement with available experimental data. The major pathways involve addition of CH3 to the C atom of HCNO with a small energy barrier of ∼4 kcal/mol forming both Z and E‐HC(CH3)NO (IS1/IS1b) intermediates lying 45 or 44 kcal/mol, respectively, below the reactants. The nascent intermediates can collisionally be deactivated and subsequently decomposed into H + CH3CNO or isomerized prior to decomposition giving other products. Kinetics calculations covering the temperature range of 400‐2500 K, under pressures of 7.6 × 10–1 to 7.6 × 105 Torr for N2, He, and Ar as the third bodies show that at 760 Torr N2, the adducts including both IS1 and IS1b are the major products at temperature below 600 K, whereas H + CH3CNO and CNO + CH4 are the major products at T ≥ 1500 K. The total high‐pressure rate coefficient can well be expressed by the following three‐parameter equation: k(T) = 7.75 × 10–16 T1.69 exp (−1480 K/T) cm3 molecule–1 s–1.
Management of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Around the World: An International Study
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Allen Jacqueline E. , Barillari Maria R. , Karkos Petros D. , Jia Huan , Ceccon Fabio P. , Imamura Rui , Metwaly Osama , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Bock Jonathan M. , Carroll Thomas L. , Saussez Sven , Akst Lee M. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate worldwide practices of otolaryngologists in the management of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).MethodsAn online survey was sent on the management of LPR to members of many otolaryngological societies. The following aspects were evaluated: LPR definition, prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.ResultsA total of 824 otolaryngologists participated, spread over 65 countries. The symptoms most usually attributed to LPR are cough after lying down/meal, throat clearing and globus sensation while LPR‐related findings are arytenoid erythema and posterior commissure hypertrophy. Irrespective to geography, otolaryngologists indicate lack of familiarity with impedance pH monitoring, which they attribute to lack of knowledge in result interpretation. The most common therapeutic regimens significantly vary between world regions, with a higher use of H2 blocker in North America and a lower use of alginate in South America. The duration of treatment also significantly varies between different regions, with West Asia/Africa and East Asia/Oceania otolaryngologists prescribing medication for a shorter period than the others. Only 21.1% of respondents are aware about the existence of nonacid LPR. Overall, only 43.2% of otolaryngologists believe themselves sufficiently knowledgeable about LPR.ConclusionsLPR knowledge and management significantly vary across the world. International guidelines on LPR definition, diagnosis, and treatment are needed to improve knowledge and management around the world.Level of EvidenceN.A. Laryngoscope, 131:E1589–E1597, 2021
Nitrate promotes the transfer of methane‐derived carbon from the methanotroph Methylobacter sp. to the methylotroph Methylotenera sp. in eutrophic lake water
Authors: van Grinsven Sigrid , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Harrison John , Polerecky Lubos , Villanueva Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEutrophic lakes are major contributors to global aquatic methane emissions. Methanotrophy, performed by methane oxidizing bacteria, results in the production of biomass, fermentation products and/or CO2, making methane‐derived carbon available to non‐methanotrophic organisms. Methanotrophs can co‐occur with methylotrophs which are expected to consume methane‐derived carbon. However, it is unknown if this interaction requires cell‐to‐cell contact, whether physicochemical factors affect this interaction, and what role this interaction may play in ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling in lakes. Here, we performed incubations of an enrichment culture obtained from a eutrophic lake with 13C‐labeled methane, revealing the transfer of methane‐derived carbon from the methanotroph Methylobacter sp. to a methylotroph of the genus Methylotenera. These microorganisms occurred both in mixed clusters and as single cells, indicating that their interaction does not require physical cell contact. In addition, the carbon transfer between the partners is dependent on the presence of nitrate, which is potentially used by Methylotenera sp. and in turn may affect the methane oxidation rate of Methylobacter sp. This interaction, and its dependence on nitrate, may have important implications for the carbon cycle in eutrophic lakes worldwide.
Green Fabrication of Highly Conductive Paper Electrodes via Interface Engineering with Aminocellulose
Authors: Yang Yang , Huang Quanbo , Ge Wenjiao , Ren Junli , Heinze Thomas , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerein, a novel, facile, and versatile approach to fabricate highly flexible and conductive paper is proposed by electroless deposition (ELD) with the assistance of aminocellulose as the interface layer. The obtained Cu nanoparticles (NPs)‐coated cellulose paper is highly conductive with a significant low resistance of 0.38 Ω sq−1 after only 10 min of ELD treatment. This conductive cellulose paper shows excellent stability when it suffers from bending, folding, and tape adhesion cycles. With the same method, the Cu NPs can also be successfully deposited on the polypropylene (PP)‐filled hybrid paper. The conductive paper exhibits very smooth and hydrophobic surface with high reflection, which can be used for special electronic devices. In a word, the fabrication of aminocellulose interface permits a controlled ELD of metal nanoparticles on paper substrate, and this mild and low‐cost method opens up new opportunities for large‐scale production of flexible and wearable electronics.
Transitional Care for Young People with Neurological Disorders: A Scoping Review with A Focus on Patients with Movement Disorders
Authors: McGovern Eavan , Pringsheim Tamara , Medina Alex , Cosentino Carlos , Shalash Ali , Sardar Zomer , Fung Victor S.C. , Kurian Manju A. , Roze Emmanuel ,   MDS Task Force on Pediatrics
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTChildhood‐onset movement disorders represent a heterogenous group of conditions. Given the complexity of these disorders, the transition of care from pediatric to adult medicine is an important consideration. We performed a scoping review of the literature on transitional care in chronic neurological disease, exploring key transitional issues and proposed transitional care models. Our aim was to describe the current knowledge and gaps about the transition process of young adults with chronic neurological disorders, paying special attention to childhood onset movement disorders. A total of 64 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis; 56 articles reported on transitional care issues, and 8 articles reported on transitional care models. Only 2 articles included patients with movement disorders. The following 4 main transitional issues were identified following synthesis of the available literature: (1) inadequate preparation for the transition process, (2) inappropriate and inconsistent transition practices, (3) inadequate adult services, and (4) heightened emotional response surrounding transition. Of the reported transitional care models, multidisciplinary ambulatory care was the most common approach. In studies evaluating patient‐related outcomes, positive health, educational, and vocational outcomes were found. The available literature provides insights on issues that can arise during transition that should be addressed to improve patient and caregiver comfort and satisfaction with care. Further research is needed to evaluate how transitional care programs affect outcomes and their cost effectiveness. More studies are required to determine the needs and outcomes specific to patients with childhood onset movement disorders. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A Gain‐of‐Function Variant in Dopamine D2 Receptor and Progressive Chorea and Dystonia Phenotype
Authors: van der Weijden Marlous C.M. , Rodriguez‐Contreras Dayana , Delnooz Cathérine C.S. , Robinson Brooks G. , Condon Alec F. , Kielhold Michelle L. , Stormezand Gilles N. , Ma Kai Yu , Dufke Claudia , Williams John T. , Neve Kim A. , Tijssen Marina A.J. , Verbeek Dineke S. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe describe a 4‐generation Dutch pedigree with a unique dominantly inherited clinical phenotype of a combined progressive chorea and cervical dystonia carrying a novel heterozygous dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) variant.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify the genetic cause of the disease and to further investigate the functional consequences of the genetic variant.MethodsAfter detailed clinical and neurological examination, whole‐exome sequencing was performed. Because a novel variant in the DRD2 gene was found as the likely causative gene defect in our pedigree, we sequenced the DRD2 gene in a cohort of 121 Huntington‐like cases with unknown genetic cause (Germany). Moreover, functional characterization of the DRD2 variant included arrestin recruitment, G protein activation, and G protein‐mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase determined in a cell model, and G protein‐regulated inward‐rectifying potassium channels measured in midbrain slices of mice.ResultWe identified a novel heterozygous variant c.634A > T, p.Ile212Phe in exon 5 of DRD2 that cosegregated with the clinical phenotype. Screening of the German cohort did not reveal additional putative disease‐causing variants. We demonstrated that the D2S/L‐I212F receptor exhibited increased agonist potency and constitutive activation of G proteins in human embryonic kidney 239 cells as well as significantly reduced arrestin3 recruitment. We further showed that the D2S‐I212F receptor exhibited aberrant receptor function in mouse midbrain slices.ConclusionsOur results support an association between the novel p.Ile212Phe variant in DRD2, its modified D2 receptor activity, and the hyperkinetic movement disorder reported in the 4‐generation pedigree. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates Hyperglycemia‐Induced Cardiac Fibrosis through Activation of the NO/cGMP/PKG Pathway in Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Qin Linhui , Zang Mingxi , Xu Yan , Zhao Rongrong , Wang Yating , Mi Yang , Mei Yingwu 
Published: November 2020

ScopeHyperglycemia‐induced cardiac fibrosis is one of the main causes of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DM). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) found in many foods has excellent hypoglycemic effectiveness, but it is not known whether CGA can improve DM by inhibiting cardiac fibrosis caused by hyperglycemia.Methods and ResultsType I diabetic mice are induced by streptozotocin, and after treatment with CGA for 12 weeks, cardiac functions and fibrosis are determined. CGA significantly attenuates hyperglycemia‐induced cardiac fibrosis and improves cardiac functions. The mechanism of CGA on fibrotic inhibition is further studied by immunofluorescence, western blot and RNA interference technology in vivo and in vitro. The results show CGA exerted its anti‐fibrotic effects through activating the cyclic GMP/protein kinase G pathway (cGMP/PKG) to block hyperglycemia‐induced nuclear translocation of p‐Smad2/3, and then inhibiting pro‐fibrotic gene expression in cardiac fibroblasts without depending on its hypoglycemic function. Moreover, the data also revealed that CGA increased cGMP level and activated PKG in cardiac fibroblasts by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and NO production.ConclusionBesides lowering blood glucose, CGA also has an independent ability to inhibit cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, long‐term consumption of foods rich in CGA for diabetic patients will have great benefits to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Low‐dose CT image and projection dataset
Authors: Moen Taylor R. , Chen Baiyu , Holmes David R. , Duan Xinhui , Yu Zhicong , Yu Lifeng , Leng Shuai , Fletcher Joel G. , McCollough Cynthia H. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeTo describe a large, publicly available dataset comprising computed tomography (CT) projection data from patient exams, both at routine clinical doses and simulated lower doses.Acquisition and Validation MethodsThe library was developed under local ethics committee approval. Projection and image data from 299 clinically performed patient CT exams were archived for three types of clinical exams: noncontrast head CT scans acquired for acute cognitive or motor deficit, low‐dose noncontrast chest scans acquired to screen high‐risk patients for pulmonary nodules, and contrast‐enhanced CT scans of the abdomen acquired to look for metastatic liver lesions. Scans were performed on CT systems from two different CT manufacturers using routine clinical protocols. Projection data were validated by reconstructing the data using several different reconstruction algorithms and through use of the data in the 2016 Low Dose CT Grand Challenge. Reduced dose projection data were simulated for each scan using a validated noise‐insertion method. Radiologists marked location and diagnosis for detected pathologies. Reference truth was obtained from the patient medical record, either from histology or subsequent imaging.Data Format and Usage NotesProjection datasets were converted into the previously developed DICOM‐CT‐PD format, which is an extended DICOM format created to store CT projections and acquisition geometry in a nonproprietary format. Image data are stored in the standard DICOM image format and clinical data in a spreadsheet. Materials are provided to help investigators use the DICOM‐CT‐PD files, including a dictionary file, data reader, and user manual. The library is publicly available from The Cancer Imaging Archive (https://doi.org/10.7937/9npb‐2637).Potential ApplicationsThis CT data library will facilitate the development and validation of new CT reconstruction and/or denoising algorithms, including those associated with machine learning or artificial intelligence. The provided clinical information allows evaluation of task‐based diagnostic performance.
How Will Quantum Dots Enable Next‐Gen Display Technologies?
Authors: Ishida Takeshi , Nakanishi Yohei , Izumi Makoto , Berryman‐Bousquet Valerie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough QD‐LED technology is still in its infancy, it has received significant interest from display makers. Here, a team of technologists from Sharp review the research and development efforts still needed for it to become an industrial‐level technology for display applications.
Safety and efficacy of pharmacologic weight loss in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Fakhreddine Ali Y. , Bagsic Samantha , Fujioka Ken , Frenette Catherine T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity poses unique risks in patients with advanced liver fibrosis; however, given surgical risks of bariatric surgery in cirrhosis treatment recommendations are currently limited to lifestyle interventions. This study seeks to inform a potential treatment gap by describing the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic weight loss in patients with advanced liver disease.MethodsA retrospective chart review of the electronic medical record was conducted for all patients in the Scripps Health system from 2005 to 2017 with established advanced liver fibrosis that were prescribed medications associated with weight loss. The primary outcome was safety as defined by the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score. Secondary outcomes included total body weight loss, reasons for medication discontinuation, medication adverse events, and hospitalization before and after medication initiation.ResultsThirty‐eight patients and 63 prescriptions were included in the final analysis. The most frequently prescribed medication associated with weight loss was metformin (63%, n = 24) followed by a GLP‐1 agonist (39%, n = 15). There was no significant effect of weight‐loss medication on MELD score (p > 0.18) or number of hospitalizations when adjusting for subject (p > 0.26). There was a significant adjusted mean weight loss of 2.2 kg (p < 0.02) following prescription of a medication associated with weight loss. The Federal Drug Administration‐approved anti‐obesity medications as a group resulted in a significant adjusted weight loss of 7.22 kg (p < 0.013). In a linear mixed‐effects model accounting for subjects, weight loss was not independently associated with a change in MELD (t[51] = −1.972, p > 0.05).ConclusionPharmacologic weight loss in patients with advanced liver fibrosis appears feasible based on preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes in this study. Future prospective studies are warranted to evaluate a potential significant treatment gap in the management of obesity in this vulnerable population.
Effect of nanoclay on relaxation and breakup of polyamide 6 threads in polystyrene matrix
Authors: Hashemi Astaneh Sarah , Goharpey Fatemeh , Foudazi Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the compatibilizing mechanism of nanoclay in binary polymer blends by measuring the interfacial tension of polystyrene/polyamide 6, PS/PA6, as a typical system, in the presence of nanoclay. The interfacial tension of PA6 nanocomposites and PS are determined with the breaking thread method by employing the Tomotika theory. The interfacial tension is reduced when organoclay is incorporated in the PA6 phase. To investigate the effect of the localization of nanoclay, nanoclay is intentionally located at the interface of PA6 and PS. Microscopic observations show that PA6 fiber remain unchanged and does not go through break‐up process; therefore, one can deduce that the apparent interfacial tension of the system reduces significantly when nanoclay particles saturate the interface.
Progress in the understanding of light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation in silicon solar cells: A review
Authors: Chen Daniel , Vaqueiro Contreras Michelle , Ciesla Alison , Hamer Phillip , Hallam Brett , Abbott Malcolm , Chan Catherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAt present, the commercially dominant and rapidly expanding PV‐device technology is based on the passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) design developed at UNSW. However, this technology has been found to suffer from a carrier‐induced degradation commonly referred to as ‘light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation’ (LeTID) and can result in up to 16% relative performance losses. LeTID was recently shown to occur in almost every type of silicon wafer, independent of the doping material. Even though the degradation mechanism is known to recover under normal operation conditions, it is a lengthy process that drastically affects the energy yield, stability and, ultimately, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of installed systems. Despite the joint effort of many research groups, the root cause of the degradation is still unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the existing literature and describe key LeTID characteristics and how these have led to the development of various theories of the underlying mechanism. Further, given the continuously appearing and strong evidence of hydrogen involvement in LeTID, many mitigation methods concerning hydrogenation have been suggested. We discuss such reported methods, bearing in mind crucial consumer necessities in terms of sustained cell performance and minimised LCOE.
A Retrospective Analysis of Nonoperative Treatment Techniques for Idiopathic Toe Walking in Children: Outcomes and Predictors of Success
Authors: Bartoletta John , Tsao Elaine , Bouchard Maryse 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of consensus regarding optimal nonoperative management of idiopathic toe walking (ITW) results in wide variation in treatment across providers and institutions. Untreated toe walking can cause persistence of abnormal gait and symptomatic foot deformity in adulthood.ObjectiveTo examine the outcomes of multiple commonly used nonoperative treatment techniques in a large cohort of children with ITW to better inform management of this condition.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary care children's hospital from 2008 to 2015.PatientsTwo hundred four children with ITW, aged 4 to 7 years at time of diagnosis, nonoperatively managed in orthopedic surgery, rehabilitation medicine, neurodevelopmental medicine, neurology, or physical therapy clinics.InterventionsNonoperative techniques included observation, home stretching program, physical therapy program, use of ankle‐foot orthoses (AFOs), and serial casting.Main Outcome MeasuresGreater than or equal to 10° of ankle dorsiflexion with the knee extended or walking on toes less than 25% of the time at last visit. Failure of treatment was defined as not achieving resolution criteria or requiring surgical intervention following failed nonoperative management.ResultsOnly 121 children (59.3%) attended at least one follow‐up visit. Of those, 55 (45.5%) had a successful outcome. Increasing severity of ITW was associated with increased rate of follow‐up (P = .03) and lower rates of successful treatment (P = .03). The use of AFOs was the only treatment modality associated with a successful outcome (unadjusted/adjusted odds ratio 3.97; [95% confidence interval, 1.80‐8.74] and 4.81 [95% confidence interval, 1.91‐12.1], respectively;P = .001).ConclusionsLoss to follow‐up is common in children with ITW. Of those children who returned to clinic, less than half had a successful outcome. The only treatment technique statistically associated with short‐term resolution of toe walking was the use of AFOs.
Atmospheric plasma dielectric barrier discharge: A simple route to produce superhydrophilic TiO2@carbon nanostructure
Authors: Matouk Zineb , Torriss Badr , Rincón Rocío , Mirzaei Amir , Margot Joëlle , Chaker Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA one‐step technique for the deposition of superhydrophilic TiO2@carbon nanocomposites is described in this study. The nanocomposites are synthesized by injecting TiO2 nanoparticles suspended in isopropanol into a dielectric barrier discharge operating at atmospheric pressure (AP‐DBD) generated in an N2/N2O gas mixture. The influence of the voltage (3–8 kV) applied to a 2‐kHz‐operated AP‐DBD on the wettability of the as‐deposited TiO2@C nanocomposites is examined. The water contact angle is drastically reduced from 93° for the reference TiO2 powder to <5° for the deposited nanocomposite. This superhydrophilicity is not caused by the increase of the surface roughness determined by atomic force microscopy measurement but rather by the higher density of graphitic compounds at the surface, as confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.