bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood use and transfusion needs at a large health care system in Washington state during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Cataife Guido , Fertrin Kleber Yotsumoto , Gernsheimer Terry , R. Hess John , Staley Elizabeth , Clark Christine , Senn Nina , Tuott Erin , C. Tsang Hamilton 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis report evaluates hospital blood use trends during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, and identifies factors associated with the need for transfusion and risk of death in patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsOverall hospital blood use and medical records of adult patients with COVID‐19 were extracted for two institutions. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to estimate associations between the outcomes transfusion and mortality and patient factors.ResultsDaily blood use decreased compared to pre–COVID‐19 levels; the effect was more significant for platelets (29% and 34%) compared to red blood cells (25% and 20%) at the two institutions, respectively. Surgical and oncologic services had a decrease in average daily use of platelets of 52% and 30%, and red blood cells of 39% and 25%, respectively. A total of 128 patients with COVID‐19 were hospitalized, and 13 (10%) received at least one transfusion due to anemia secondary to chronic illness (n = 7), recent surgery (n = 3), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (n = 3). Lower baseline platelet count and admission to the intensive care unit were associated with increased risk of transfusion. The blood group distribution in patients with COVID‐19 was 37% group O, 40% group A, 18% group B, and 5% group AB. Non–type O was not associated with increased risk of mortality.ConclusionThe response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic included changes in routine hospital operations that allowed for the provision of a sufficient level of care for patients with and without COVID‐19. Although blood type may play a role in COVID‐19 susceptibility, it did not seem to be associated with patient mortality.
Clinical outcome in 23 dogs with exocrine pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Pinard Christopher J. , Hocker Samuel E. , Weishaar Kristen M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExocrine pancreatic carcinoma is uncommon in the dog and the veterinary literature surrounding the disease is minimal. Twenty‐three cases of canine exocrine pancreatic carcinoma were reviewed in a retrospective manner to obtain information on clinical presentation, behaviour and survival associated with the disease. Presenting clinical signs were nonspecific and included anorexia, lethargy, vomiting and abdominal pain. The overall median survival time was only 1 day but was confounded by the large number of dogs that were euthanized shortly after diagnosis. Metastatic disease was detected in 78% of cases at the time of diagnosis, attesting to the aggressive nature of the disease. Neither lymph node metastasis, tumour size nor tumour location had an impact on overall survival. Only one patient was a previous diabetic who is contrary to reports of the disease in people and felines. This retrospective study reaffirms the need for early detection measures to optimize disease control. However, the benefits of therapy with surgery or radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy remain to be elucidated in dogs with exocrine pancreatic carcinoma.
Open trial of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PRN1008) in the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: Goodale Elizabeth C. , White Stephen D. , Bizikova Petra , Borjesson Dori , Murrell Dedee F. , Bisconte Angelina , Francesco Michelle , Hill Ronald J. , Masjedizadeh Mohammad , Nunn Philip , Gourlay Steven G. , Jordan Tyler J.M. , Emery Carolyn B. , Outerbridge Catherine A. 
Published: August 2020

RésuméContexteLa BTK (Bruton’s tyrosine kinase) est une importante voie de signal des cellules B. L'efficacité des inhibiteurs de BTK (BTKi) a été rapportée dans les maladies auto‐immunes chez l'homme. Le pemphigus foliacé (cPF) est la dermatose auto‐immune la plus fréquente chez le chien.ObjectifsDéterminer l'innocuité et l'efficacité de BTKi PRN 1008 dans le traitement de cPF.SujetsQuatre chiens de propriétaires.Matériels et méthodesQuatre chiens diagnostiqués PF ont reçus BTKi PRN 1008. Les doses initiales étaient approximativement de 15 mg/kg une fois par jour, augmenté à deux fois par jour si une réponse inadéquate était observée. Le traitement a été poursuivi pendant 20 semaines, avec essai de diminution à un jour sur deux. Les chiens ont été suivis avec une numération formule, biochimie complète et analyses urinaires et évalués avec une version modifiée de cPDAI (human Pemphigus Disease Activity Index). Les titres d'immunoglobulines (Ig) G anti‐desmocolline 1 (DSC‐1) et desmogléine‐1 (DSG‐1) ont été réalisés avant et après traitement. Le médicament lié à la cible a été mesuré dans les cellules mononuclées sanguines périphériques (PBMC).RésultatsLes quatre chiens ont montré une diminution des lésions et du score cPDAI au cours des deux premières semaines de traitement. Trois chiens ont continués à s'améliorer jusqu'à guérison presque complète à la semaine 20, à chaque point, trois réponses ont été considérées "bonne" et une "faible". Les dosages quotidiens finaux étaient dans les valeurs 17‐33 mg/kg. Les titres d'IgG anti‐DSC‐1 ont diminués drastiquement chez un chien, étaient non détectable pour deux et étaient non interprétable pour un chien. Aucun chien n'avait d'IgG détectable à DSG1. Un effet indésirable possible a été observé chez un chien.Conclusions et importance cliniqueBTK1 PRN 1008 en monothérapie pourrait avoir des effets bénéfiques dans certains cas de cPF.
Effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture placement on the biomechanical properties and gap formation of canine cadaveric tendons
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi‐Jen , Fisher Matthew B. , Moore George E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of partial vs complete circumferential epitendinous suture (ES) placement in addition to a core suture on the biomechanical strength and gapping characteristics of repaired canine tendinous constructs.Study designEx vivo, biomechanical study.Sample populationThirty‐six canine superficial digital flexor tendons.MethodsSuperficial digital flexor tendons were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 12), sharply transected and repaired with a core locking‐loop suture with Group 1 a partial circumferential ES, 180° on the palmar side; Group 2 a complete circumferential ES, 360° and double knotting technique; or Group 3 a complete circumferential ES, 360° and single knotting technique. After preloading, constructs were distracted to monotonic failure. Failure mode, gap formation, yield, peak, and failure forces were analyzed.ResultsMean yield (group 1 = 68.6 N, group 2 = 106.5 N, group 3 = 114 N, P < .013), peak (group 1 = 92.8 N, group 2 = 134.6 N, group 3 = 147.3 N; P < .001), and failure (group 1 = 88.7 N, group 2 = 133.0 N, group 3 = 145.5 N, P < .001) loads differed between groups. No difference in yield (P = .874), peak (P = .434), or failure load (P = .434) was detected between complete circumferential ES groups. Force to create 1‐mm (P < .001) and 3‐mm (P < .038) gap formation was greater in specimens with complete vs partial circumferential ES placement. Complete circumferential ES repairs failed primarily by suture pull‐through compared with suture breakage in most partial circumferential ES constructs.ConclusionAddition of a complete circumferential ES with a single or double knotting technique increased the biomechanical strength of normal tendon repairs while reducing gap formation compared with partial ES placement alone.Clinical significanceComplete circumferential ES is recommended over partial ES placement.
MEMORY ALTERING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE CAPACITY TO FORGIVE: WESTWORLD AND VOLF IN DIALOGUE
Authors: Marvin Michelle A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractI explore the impact of memory altering technologies in the science fiction drama (2016–2020) in order to show that unreconciled altered traumatic memory may lead to a dystopian breakdown of society. I bring Miroslav Volf's theological perspectives on memory into conversation with the plot of Westworld in order to reveal connections between memory altering technologies and humanity's responsibility to remember rightly. Using Volf's theology of remembering as an interpretive lens, I analyze characters’ inability to remember rightly while recalling partial memories of their trauma. In virtue of this examination, I contend that memory altering technologies may inhibit individuals from relational processes of healing, such as forgiveness. Consequently, I argue that this study leads to a richer understanding of the potential that memory altering technologies have for undermining humanity's ability to interact in a relational capacity, specifically in terms of forgiveness.
Peripheral chemoresponsiveness during exercise in male athletes with exercise‐induced arterial hypoxaemia
Authors: Granger Emily A. , Cooper Trevor K. , Hopkins Susan R. , McKenzie Donald C. , Dominelli Paolo 
Published: August 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Do highly trained male endurance athletes who develop exercise‐induced arterial hypoxaemia (EIAH) demonstrate reduced peripheral chemoresponsiveness during exercise?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Those with the lowest arterial saturation during exercise have a smaller ventilatory response to hypercapnia during exercise. There was no significant relationship between the hyperoxic ventilatory response and EIAH. The findings suggest that peripheral chemoresponsiveness to hypercapnia during exercise could play a role in the development of EIAH. The findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to EIAH.

AbstractExercise‐induced arterial hypoxaemia (EIAH) is characterized by a decrease in arterial oxygen tension and/or saturation during whole‐body exercise, which may in part result from inadequate alveolar ventilation. However, the role of peripheral chemoresponsiveness in the development of EIAH is not well established. We hypothesized that those with the most severe EIAH would have an attenuated ventilatory response to hyperoxia and hypercapnia during exercise. To evaluate this, on separate days, we measured ventilatory sensitivity to hyperoxia and separately hypercapnia at rest and during three different exercise intensities (25, 50% of and ventilatory threshold (∼67% of )) in 12 males cyclists ( = 66.6 ± 4.7 ml kg−1 min−1). Subjects were divided into two groups based on their end‐exercise arterial oxygen saturation (ear oximetry, ): a normal oxyhaemoglobin saturation group (NOS, = 93.4 ± 0.4%, n = 5) and a low oxyhaemoglobin saturation group (LOS, = 89.9 ± 0.9%, n = 7). There was no difference in (66.4 ± 2.9 vs. 66.8 ± 6.0 ml kg−1 min−1, respectively, P = 0.9), peak ventilation during maximal exercise (182 ± 15 vs. 197 ± 32 l min−1, respectively, P = 0.36) or ventilatory response to hyperoxia (P = 0.98) at any exercise intensity between NOS and LOS groups. However, those in the LOS group had a significantly lower ventilatory response to hypercapnia (P = 0.004, (η2 = 0.18). There was also a significant relationship between the mean hypercapnic response and end‐exercise (r = 0.75, P = 0.009) but not between the mean hyperoxic response and end‐exercise (r = 0.21, P = 0.51). A blunted hypercapnic ventilatory response may contribute to EIAH in highly trained men due to a failure to increase ventilation sufficiently to offset exercise‐induced gas exchange impairments.
Promoting Physical Activity and Executive Functions Among Children: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of an After-School Program in Australia
Authors: Veldman Sanne L.C. , Jones Rachel A. , Stanley Rebecca M. , Cliff Dylan P. , Vella Stewart A. , Howard Steven J. , Parrish Anne-Maree , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: August 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of an embedded after-school intervention, on promoting physical activity and academic achievement in primary-school-aged children. Methods: This 6-month, 2-arm cluster randomized controlled trial involved 4 after-school centers. Two centers were randomly assigned to the intervention, which involved training the center staff on and implementing structured physical activity (team sports and physical activity sessions for 75 min) and academic enrichment activities (45 min). The activities were implemented 3 afternoons per week for 2.5 hours. The control centers continued their usual after-school care practice. After-school physical activity (accelerometry) and executive functions (working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility) were assessed pre- and postintervention. Results: A total of 60 children were assessed (7.7 [1.8] y; 50% girls) preintervention and postintervention (77% retention rate). Children in the intervention centers spent significantly more time in moderate to vigorous physical activity (adjusted difference = 2.4%; 95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 4.2; P = .026) and scored higher on cognitive flexibility (adjusted difference = 1.9 units; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 3.0; P = .009). About 92% of the intervention sessions were implemented. The participation rates varied between 51% and 94%. Conclusion: This after-school intervention was successful at increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity and enhancing cognitive flexibility in children. As the intervention was implemented by the center staff and local university students, further testing for effectiveness and scalability in a larger trial is required.
Palivizumab’s real-world effectiveness: a population-based study in Ontario, Canada, 1993–2017
Authors: Fitzpatrick Tiffany , McNally James Dayre , Stukel Therese A , Kwong Jeffrey C , Wilton Andrew S , Fisman David , Guttmann Astrid 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of two palivizumab programmes targeting high-risk infants, defined by prematurity, diagnosis of comorbidities and geography, and assess potential disparities by neighbourhood income.DesignControlled, interrupted time series.SettingOntario, Canada.PatientsWe used linked health and demographic administrative databases to identify all children born in hospitals 1 January 1993 through 31 December 2016. Follow-up ended at the earliest of second birthday or 30 June 2017.InterventionPalivizumab-eligibility: child was born very preterm and ≤6 months old during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season; <24 months old with significant chronic lung or congenital heart disease; or ≤6 months, born preterm or residents of remote regions.Main outcomeSevere RSV-related illness, defined as hospitalisation or death with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, RSV pneumonia or RSV.Results3 million births and 87 000 RSV-related events were identified. Over the study period, rates of severe RSV-related illness declined 65.4% among the highest risk group, eligible infants <6 months (230.6 to 79.8 admissions per 1000 child-years). Relative to changes among ineligible infants <6 months, rates dropped 10.4% (95% CI −18.6% to 39.4%) among eligible infants immediately following introduction of a national palivizumab programme in 1998. Initially, rates were considerably higher among infants from low-income neighbourhoods, but income-specific rates converged over time among eligible infants <6 months; such convergence was not seen among other children.ConclusionsIncidence of severe RSV-related illness declined over the study period. While we cannot attribute causality, the timing and magnitude of these declines suggest impact of palivizumab in reducing RSV burden and diminishing social inequities among palivizumab-eligible infants.
Analysis of change in patient-reported outcome measures with floor and ceiling effects using the multilevel Tobit model: a simulation study and an example from a National Joint Register using body mass index and the Oxford Hip Score
Authors: Sayers Adrian , Whitehouse Michael R , Judge Andrew , MacGregor Alex J , Blom Ashley W , Ben-Shlomo Yoav 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThis study has three objectives. (1) Investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and the efficacy of primary hip replacement using a patient-reported outcome measure (PROMs) with a measurement floor and ceiling, (2) Explore the performance of different estimation methods to estimate change in PROMs score following surgery using a simulation study and real word data where data has measurement floors and ceilings and (3) Lastly, develop guidance for practising researchers on the analysis of PROMs in the presence of floor and ceiling effects.DesignSimulation study and prospective national medical device register.SettingNational Register of Joint Replacement and Medical Devices.MethodsUsing a Monte Carlo simulation study and data from a national joint replacement register (162 513 patients with pre- and post-surgery PROMs), we investigate simple approaches for the analysis of outcomes with floor and ceiling effects that are measured at two occasions: linear and Tobit regression (baseline adjusted analysis of covariance, change-score analysis, post-score analysis) in addition to linear and multilevel Tobit models.Primary outcomeThe primary outcome of interest is change in PROMs from pre-surgery to 6 months post-surgery.ResultsAnalysis of data with floor and ceiling effects with models that fail to account for these features induce substantial bias. Single-level Tobit models only correct for floor or ceiling effects when the exposure of interest is not associated with the baseline score. In observational data scenarios, only multilevel Tobit models are capable of providing unbiased inferences.ConclusionsInferences from pre- post-studies that fail to account for floor and ceiling effects may induce spurious associations with substantial risk of bias. Multilevel Tobit models indicate the efficacy of total hip replacement is independent of BMI. Restricting access to total hip replacement based on a patients BMI can not be supported by the data.
Barriers in accessing HIV care for Francophone African, Caribbean and Black people living with HIV in Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Djiadeu Pascal , Yusuf Abban , Ongolo-Zogo Clémence , Nguemo Joseph , Odhiambo Apondi J , Mukandoli Chantal , Lightfoot David , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Nelson LaRon E 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionIn 2001, 50%–55% of French-speaking minority communities did not have access to health services in French in Canada. Although Canada is officially a bilingual country, reports indicate that many healthcare services offered in French in Anglophone provinces are insufficient or substandard, leading to healthcare discrepancies among Canada’s minority Francophone communities.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this scoping systematic review was to identify existing gaps in HIV-care delivery to Francophone minorities living with HIV in Canada.Study designScoping systematic review.Data sourcesSearch for studies published between 1990 and November 2019 reporting on health and healthcare in Francophone populations in Canada. Nine databases were searched, including Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Cochrane Library, the National Health Service Economic Development Database, Global Health, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.Study selectionEnglish or French language studies that include data on French-speaking people with HIV in an Anglophone majority Canadian province.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 294 studies. A total of 230 studies were excluded after duplicates were removed. The full texts of 43 potentially relevant papers were retrieved for evaluation and data extraction. Forty-one studies were further excluded based on failure to meet the inclusion criteria leaving two qualitative studies that met our inclusion criteria. These two studies reported on barriers on access to specialised care by Francophone and highlighted difficulties experienced by healthcare professionals in providing quality healthcare to Francophone patients in Ontario and Manitoba.ConclusionThe findings of this scoping systematic review highlight the need for more HIV research on linguistic minority communities and should inform health policymaking and HIV/AIDS community organisations in providing HIV care to Francophone immigrants and Canadians.
Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among emergency physicians in Libya after civil war: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elhadi Muhammed , Khaled Ala , Malek Ans Bassam , El-Azhari Ahmed El-Alem , Gwea Ahmed Zakaria , Zaid Ahmed , Elturki Salman Mabruk , Aburgegah Ahmed , Abu Ageila Munir Ahmed K , Alhadi Abdulmueti , Albashkar Hafed Abdulwahhab , Alshareef Aliyah Mustafa , Ben Nama Adel Basher , Sahboun Nizar Aljarboue Mohammed , Ahmed Hazem 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and anxiety among physicians working in the emergency departments of nine tertiary care centres in Libya.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingNine main tertiary centres in LibyaParticipantsEmergency department doctors were surveyed between December 2018 and February 2019.InterventionThe standardised Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was selected as a measurement tool for analysing anxiety and depression symptoms; a HADS score of 8 indicated anxiety as well as depression symptoms. The primary outcomes were anxiety and depression, which were tabulated with independent sociodemographic variables. χ2 tests were conducted to compare the prevalence of anxiety and depression between the groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V.25.ResultsA total of 108 out of 150 (72%) emergency physicians from all levels participated in the study and took the survey. The emergency physicians had a mean±SD age of 31.2±4.5 years, and were predominantly males (74 out of 108, 68.5%). Overall, 49 (45.4%) physicians reached the cut-off score to define both depression and anxiety (ie, a score ≥8). In terms of violence, 71 (65.7%) reported incidents of verbal violence, while 26 (24.1%) reported physical violence or abuse by militias. In addition, 28 reported being threatened by militias.ConclusionThe high prevalence rate of anxiety and depression is of concern, and the high rate of physical and verbal abuse highlights the range of abuse endured by doctors in Libya. Therefore, screening for anxiety and depression at regular intervals is needed to avoid the deterioration of mental health, which can increase the risk of suicide and dropping out, and decrease the level of healthcare for patients.