bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety profile of the concomitant use of foscarnet and aerosolized pentamidine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Takahashi Masaya , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Inose Ryo , Sugimoto Takashi , Koh Hideo , Hino Masayuki , Nagayama Katsuya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundConcomitant use of foscarnet and intravenous pentamidine can very frequently cause severe hypocalcemia. However, it is unknown whether aerosolized pentamidine has a similar adverse interaction with foscarnet. The present study was aimed at examining the safety profile of concomitantly used foscarnet and aerosolized pentamidine in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.MethodsData from allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients who had been administered foscarnet therapy for over 7 days were analyzed. We compared electrolyte abnormalities and serum creatinine level between patients who received aerosolized pentamidine concomitantly and those who did not.ResultsA total of 84 consecutive patients and 135 episodes of foscarnet therapy between May 2011 and April 2016 were evaluable. Of these 135 episodes, 25 episodes of therapy included concurrent therapy with 300 mg dose of aerosolized pentamidine once a month (pentamidine group) and 110 episodes did not (non‐pentamidine group). The incident rates of grade 3/4 hypocalcemia did not significantly differ between the pentamidine and non‐pentamidine groups (P = .207; 0/25 [0%] vs 10/110 [9.1%], respectively). In addition, we observed no significant difference in the incident rates of grade 3/4 serum creatinine increase between the two groups (P = 1.00; 0/25 [0%] vs 4/110 [3.6%], respectively).ConclusionOur results suggest that the drug interactions between foscarnet and aerosolized pentamidine may not be clinically significant.
Sieve elements rapidly develop ‘nacreous walls’ following injury − a common wounding response?
Authors: Knoblauch Jan , Knoblauch Michael , Vasina Viktoriya V. , Peters Winfried S. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThick glistening cell walls occur in sieve tubes of all major land plant taxa. Historically, these ‘nacreous walls’ have been considered a diagnostic feature of sieve elements; they represent a conundrum, though, in the context of the widely accepted pressure–flow theory as they severely constrict sieve tubes. We employed the cucurbit Gerrardanthus macrorhizus as a model to study nacreous walls in sieve elements by standard and in situ confocal microscopy and electron microscopy, focusing on changes in functional sieve tubes that occur when prepared for microscopic observation. Over 90% of sieve elements in tissue sections processed for microscopy by standard methods exhibit nacreous walls. Sieve elements in whole, live plants that were actively transporting as shown by phloem‐mobile tracers, lacked nacreous walls and exhibited open lumina of circular cross‐sections instead, an appropriate structure for Münch‐type mass flow of the cell contents. Puncturing of transporting sieve elements with micropipettes triggered the rapid (<1 min) development of nacreous walls that occluded the cell lumen almost completely. We conclude that nacreous walls are preparation artefacts rather than structural features of transporting sieve elements. Nacreous walls in land plants resemble the reversibly swellable walls found in various algae, suggesting that they may function in turgor buffering, the amelioration of osmotic stress, wounding‐induced sieve tube occlusion, and possibly local defence responses of the phloem.
Blood loss from laboratory testing, anemia, and red blood cell transfusion in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study
Authors: Jackson Chornenki Nicholas L. , James Tyler E. , Barty Rebecca , Liu Yang , Rochwerg Bram , Heddle Nancy M. , Siegal Deborah M. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUNDAnemia is common in critically ill patients and associated with adverse outcomes. Phlebotomy associated with laboratory testing is a potentially modifiable contributor. This study aims to 1) characterize the blood volume taken for laboratory testing, and 2) explore the effect of blood loss on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and anemia in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients.METHODSUsing a transfusion research database, we retrospectively reviewed consecutively admitted patients to four medical‐surgical ICUs in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was estimated blood loss for laboratory testing during ICU admission. Secondary outcomes were hemoglobin (Hb) of 90 g/L or less and RBC transfusion.RESULTSAmong the 7273 patients included, the median blood volume per patient taken for laboratory testing during their ICU stay was 213 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 133‐382 mL). On ICU admission, median Hb was 97 g/L (IQR, 82‐116 g/L). An Hb of 90 g/L or less occurred in 67.0% of patients during their ICU stay. Median Hb on ICU discharge adjusted for RBC transfusion was 84 g/L (IQR, 58‐105 g/L). RBC transfusion was administered to 47.5% of patients, who received a median of 3 units (IQR, 2‐7 units). Cumulative blood loss due to laboratory testing from Day 2 to Day 7 of ICU admission was independently associated with RBC transfusion (hazard ratio, 2.28 for each 150‐mL increment; 95% confidence interval, 2.02–2.59).CONCLUSIONSBlood loss for laboratory testing is substantial in ICU patients and significantly associated with RBC transfusion. Strategies to reduce blood loss from laboratory testing represents an area for further investigation.
Foreign assistance and emigration: Accounting for the role of non‐transferred aid
Authors: Lanati Mauro , Thiele Rainer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince policymakers increasingly regard foreign aid as a means to manage international flows of migrants, it is important to obtain accurate empirical evidence on the complex link between aid and migration. Recent research has shown that the impact of foreign assistance on migrant flows is highly heterogeneous across aid categories. In this paper, we focus on a dimension of heterogeneity that has so far not been considered in the literature, namely whether or not the delivery of foreign aid is associated with a transfer of resources to the recipient country. We show in a first step that non‐transferred aid is quantitatively important, accounting for more than 25% of overall aid given by OECD DAC donors in 2016. Running separate gravity‐type regressions for transferred and non‐transferred aid, we then find that transferred aid has a much stronger (negative) impact on migration than the previously used total aid variable that includes the non‐transferred component. As may be expected, non‐transferred aid itself does not appear to affect migrant flows. A high share of non‐transferred aid would therefore be at odds with the donors’ stated goal of tackling the root causes of migration.
Has the Reporting Quality of Systematic Review Abstracts in Nursing Improved Since the Release of PRISMA for Abstracts? A Survey of High‐Profile Nursing Journals
Authors: Jiancheng Wang , Jinhui Tian , Lin Han , Yuxia Ma , Juxia Zhang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe PRISMA for Abstracts (PRISMA‐A) was developed to guide authors to present a structured abstract. However, the adherence of abstracts to these guidelines in some areas was of concern.AimsTo determine whether the publication of PRISMA‐A resulted in an improvement in the abstracts reported with nursing systematic reviews (SRs).MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. We searched PubMed for randomized controlled trials–based SRs published in top‐tier nursing journals. A PRISMA‐A checklist was used to assess abstracts in the SR included. Total score on checklists, comparison of total scores between two periods, and effect factors were analyzed.ResultsOverall, abstract reporting compliance with PRISMA‐A has not improved significantly with the time span. Of the 81 SRs, 74.1% were structured. About half reported eligibility criteria, information sources, and description of the effect as recommended. Registration status was reported only in 4.9%. The reporting quality was significantly higher for journals with higher impact factors (p < .001).Linking Evidence to ActionAlthough not inclusive of all SRs in the nursing field, our sample reflects the general trend that there was no significant improvement in the compliance of SR abstracts reported in nursing with the release of PRISMA‐A. There is room for improvement, as most items have not been fully reported.
Inflation, proton decay, and Higgs-portal dark matter in $$SO(10) \times U(1)_\psi $$
Authors: Okada Nobuchika , Raut Digesh , Shafi Qaisar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe propose a simple non-supersymmetric grand unified theory (GUT) based on the gauge group $$SO(10) \times U(1)_\psi $$SO(10)×U(1)ψ. The model includes 3 generations of fermions in $$\mathbf{16}$$16 ($$+1$$+1), $$\mathbf{10}$$10 ($$-2$$-2) and $$\mathbf{1}$$1 ($$+4$$+4) representations. The $$\mathbf{16}$$16-plets contain Standard Model (SM) fermions plus right-handed neutrinos, and the $$\mathbf{10}$$10-plet and the singlet fermions are introduced to make the model anomaly-free. Gauge coupling unification at $$M_{GUT} \simeq 5 \times 10^{15}{-}10^{16}$$MGUT≃5×1015-1016 GeV is achieved by including an intermediate Pati–Salam breaking at $$M_{I} \simeq 10^{12}{-}10^{11}$$MI≃1012-1011 GeV, which is a natural scale for the seesaw mechanism. For $$M_{I} \simeq 10^{12}{-}10^{11}$$MI≃1012-1011, proton decay will be tested by the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. The extra fermions acquire their masses from $$U(1)_\psi $$U(1)ψ symmetry breaking, and a $$U(1)_\psi $$U(1)ψ Higgs field drives a successful inflection-point inflation with a low Hubble parameter during inflation, $$H_{inf} \ll M_{I}$$Hinf≪MI. Hence, cosmologically dangerous monopoles produced from SO(10) and PS breakings are diluted away. This is the first SO(10) model we are aware of in which relatively light intermediate mass ($$\sim 10^{10}{-}10^{12}$$∼1010-1012 GeV) primordial monopoles can be adequately suppressed. The reheating temperature after inflation can be high enough for successful leptogenesis. With the Higgs field contents of our model, a $$\mathbf{Z}_2$$Z2 symmetry remains unbroken after GUT symmetry breaking, and the lightest mass eigenstate among linear combinations of the $$\mathbf{10}$$10-plet and the singlet fermions serves as a Higgs-portal dark matter (DM). We identify the parameter regions to reproduce the observed DM relic density while satisfying the current constraint from the direct DM detection experiments. The present allowed region will be fully covered by the future direct detection experiments such as LUX-ZEPLIN DM experiment. In the presence of the extra fermions, the SM Higgs potential is stabilized up to $$M_{I}$$MI.
Conversion to Conversation: The Search for a Christian Imperative in the Public Sphere and the Discourse on Artificial Contraceptives in the Philippines
Authors: Lansang Liza Gabriela F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article looks at the politicization and framing of the issue of reproductive health (RH) in the Philippines and the advocacy work of faith-based organizations (FBOs) to influence public discourse and policy on artificial contraceptives. It studies the advocacy work of two FBOs, namely, Pro-Life Philippines and Couples for Christ, both of which participated in the oral arguments to amend the RH Law of 2012 based on their contentions that some artificial contraceptives were in fact abortifacients and that religious freedom can limit universal access to contraceptives. It addresses the role of religious reasons and ethics of citizenship of Christians in the public sphere of a liberal democracy. The author argues that the debate on artificial contraceptives, which deals with the question, “When does life begin?”, cannot be answered without a certain comprehensive belief. The participation of Pro-Life Philippines and Couples for Christ in the oral arguments contributed in the search for answers and protected diversity in Philippine democracy. These FBOs, however, have the moral obligation to respect other positions, while at the same time advocating amendments to the RH Law based on their beliefs. This is what the author calls the Christian Imperative. This civic virtue can be achieved through reflexive thinking and was seen in the kind of arguments Pro-Life Philippines and Couples for Christ brought to the debate, in other words, aiming for a theo-ethical equilibrium, i.e., having both religious reasons and secular ethical considerations for their support or repeal of public policy. To the extent that Pro-Life Philippines and Couples for Christ presented not only theological reasons, such as the inviolability of life, but also ethical reasons, such as some artificial contraceptives being abortifacients and religious freedom to limit universal access to contraceptives, the author posits that the beginnings of reflexive thinking can be seen on the side of these FBOs. The author also argues, however, that secular citizens must also learn to practice reflexive thinking to view religious arguments as legitimate in order for fruitful conversation to take place.
Agrarian Change and Rural Transformation in Tanzania: Ismani, Circa 1940-2010
Authors: Chuhila Maxmillian J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Farming is a major sector of informal employment for more than 67 per cent of the active labour force in Tanzania. This means farming is of primary importance to the overall economy. Rural transformations and the future of agriculture in Tanzania depend mainly upon improved access to market outlets, guarantees on improved seeds, and availability of farm-loans. These are essential interventions to transform the rural sector despite the challenges it is facing. An overview of government interventions in rural development policy and activity is offered here by focusing on Ismani, part of the present-day Iringa District in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Agrarian change in Ismani through the 1940s to the 1970s depended upon government interventions on the one hand, and changes in the physical environment on the other. Initially during this period, Ismani became a national food granary in the 1970s as a result of government interventions. Then this progress turned upside down in the 1980s, when the development of Ismani took on a new dimension due to a rapid decline in maize productivity. In recent years, especially over the last two decades, Ismani has experienced recurrent food insecurity. Evidence of the drastic change emerges from reliance on archival sources, fieldwork interviews and secondary sources collected in 2012, 2013 and 2017. This paper explores the dynamics of maize farming in Ismani, to provide a detailed historical understanding of how a prosperous maize farming area can become, in the space of only a few years, an area which is now rife with localised food insecurity in many of its villages.
Determinants of Therapeutic Routes for Malaria Patients in Ivory Coast
Authors: N’goran Kone Lucie Florence , N’Dia Félix Anon , N’Goran Akissi Géneviève 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Malaria patients in Ivory Coast pursue a wide variety of treatment routes, depending upon how they understand the aetiology of their illness, their association of illness with supernatural causes, their ability to afford standard consultation fees, their access to conventional health care facilities, and their confidence in traditional African therapies. This research took place in the context of the government’s policy of providing free management of ‘simple malaria’ for all. Working with four conventional doctors and four traditional African medical practitioners, treatment choices of 161 malaria patients were analysed at Kennedy-Clouétcha, a busy urban health care centre in Abidjan. Almost half (77) of the patients in the study cited mosquito bites, general poor health, and stagnant water sources as the causes of their malaria. A greater number of patients (84) indicated fatigue, sun exposure, mysticism, and diet as the cause. The scope of therapies sought by these patients covered conventional biomedical treatment, traditional African medicine, and prayer. When patients were not cured through methods of their first resort, they pursued second options for care. Despite the availability of free care in centrally located public health systems, the therapeutic trajectory of many patients diverted away from conventional treatment. The data suggests that a patient’s orientation away from the conventional biomedical model may be best explained by confusions surrounding the diagnostic label ‘simple malaria’.
English Features in Kiswahili Social Media
Authors: Malangwa Pendo S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
All languages are transformed to some extent by other languages with which they are regularly in contact. Some languages are regarded as ‘developed’ insofar as they function as the dominant mode of communication in economically developed countries (e.g. in North America and Europe). The dominant speech communities of rich economies transmit new innovations and discoveries globally, which are then translated into languages described as ‘developing’ because their use is chiefly restricted to so-called economically developing nations, such as Tanzania. In this respect, English counts among the world’s developed languages while Kiswahili is regarded as a developing language. Despite the general tendency to translate new expressions fully into a targeted developing language, there is evidence of foreign structures in Kiswahili when it is used in social media. This article analyses the English syntactic, morphological, phonological and lexical features of Kiswahili appearing in electronic platforms including WhatsApp, personal blogs (e.g. Michuziblogspot) and online social forums (e.g. Jamii Forum). This primary data is then analysed through back translation.
Beyond Hermes: Metaphysics in a New Key
Authors: Mukandi Bryan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The following pages engage a hermeneutic approach to African philosophy, focusing on the work of Tsenay Serequeberhan. At the heart of the discussion is the question of where to locate such an approach in the existing philosophical literature. Does this way of working render African philosophy a European enterprise? Giving an affirmative response, the writings of Paulin Hountondji, which draw upon Husserlian phenomenology, are taken up as an alternative response to questions raised here about the meaning and methods of hermeneutics. Ultimately, however, this perspective is also set aside. Instead, suggestions are put forward for the markers around which a contemporary African metaphysics, which is both restorative and creative, might be pursued.
Initial eye gaze to faces and its functional consequence on face identification abilities in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Schauder Kimberly B. , Park Woon Ju , Tsank Yuliy , Eckstein Miguel P. , Tadin Duje , Bennetto Loisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined and diagnosed by core deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. Research on face processing suggests deficits in this domain in ASD but includes many mixed findings regarding the nature and extent of these differences. The first eye movement to a face has been shown to be highly informative and sufficient to achieve high performance in face identification in neurotypical adults. The current study focused on this critical moment shown to be essential in the process of face identification.

Methods
We applied an established eye-tracking and face identification paradigm to comprehensively characterize the initial eye movement to a face and test its functional consequence on face identification performance in adolescents with and without ASD (n = 21 per group), and in neurotypical adults. Specifically, we presented a series of faces and measured the landing location of the first saccade to each face, while simultaneously measuring their face identification abilities. Then, individuals were guided to look at specific locations on the face, and we measured how face identification performance varied as a function of that location. Adolescent participants also completed a more traditional measure of face identification which allowed us to more fully characterize face identification abilities in ASD.

Results
Our results indicate that the location of the initial look to faces and face identification performance for briefly presented faces are intact in ASD, ruling out the possibility that deficits in face perception, at least in adolescents with ASD, begin with the initial eye movement to the face. However, individuals with ASD showed impairments on the more traditional measure of face identification.

Conclusion
Together, the observed dissociation between initial, rapid face perception processes, and other measures of face perception offers new insights and hypotheses related to the timing and perceptual complexity of face processing and how these specific aspects of face identification may be disrupted in ASD.
Proteomics analysis of colon cancer progression
Authors: Saleem Saira , Tariq Sahrish , Aleem Iffat , Sadr-ul Shaheed  , Tahseen Muhammad , Atiq Aribah , Hassan Sadia , Abu Bakar Muhammad , Khattak Shahid , Syed Aamir Ali , Ahmad Asad Hayat , Hussain Mudassar , Yusuf Muhammed Aasim , Sutton Chris 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The aim of this pilot study was to identify proteins associated with advancement of colon cancer (CC).

Methods
A quantitative proteomics approach was used to determine the global changes in the proteome of primary colon cancer from patients with non-cancer normal colon (NC), non-adenomatous colon polyp (NAP), non-metastatic tumor (CC NM) and metastatic tumor (CC M) tissues, to identify up- and down-regulated proteins. Total protein was extracted from each biopsy, trypsin-digested, iTRAQ-labeled and the resulting peptides separated using strong cation exchange (SCX) and reverse-phase (RP) chromatography on-line to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).

Results
Database searching of the MS/MS data resulted in the identification of 2777 proteins which were clustered into groups associated with disease progression. Proteins which were changed in all disease stages including benign, and hence indicative of the earliest molecular perturbations, were strongly associated with spliceosomal activity, cell cycle division, and stromal and cytoskeleton disruption reflecting increased proliferation and expansion into the surrounding healthy tissue. Those proteins changed in cancer stages but not in benign, were linked to inflammation/immune response, loss of cell adhesion, mitochondrial function and autophagy, demonstrating early evidence of cells within the nutrient-poor solid mass either undergoing cell death or adjusting for survival. Caveolin-1, which decreased and Matrix metalloproteinase-9, which increased through the three disease stages compared to normal tissue, was selected to validate the proteomics results, but significant patient-to-patient variation obfuscated interpretation so corroborated the contradictory observations made by others.

Conclusion
Nevertheless, the study has provided significant insights into CC stage progression for further investigation.