bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Adipofascial Flap Resurfacing Improves the Active Motion of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint after Contracture Release
Authors: Lee Che-Hsiung , Loh Charles Yuen Yung , Chen Yueh-Hsia , Lin Yu-Te 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Posttraumatic proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint contractures of the digits are common and are associated with impaired hand function. However, relapse is common after surgical release of PIP joint contractures. This article presents a novel treatment strategy with a PIP joint adipofascial flap to resurface the joint after release, and compares patients with similar joint contracture release who did and did not undergo resurfacing with a PIP joint adipofascial flap.

Methods:
From January of 2010 to January of 2018, 10 patients received single-digit PIP joint flexion contracture release and PIP joint adipofascial flap resurfacing; 20 patients received a stepwise release as a control group. Thirty joints were compared, and the degree of extension lag improvement over time was measured during an average follow-up period of 292.4 days.

Results:
Greater extension lag improvement was observed in the PIP joint adipofascial flap group compared with the control group (37.0 ± 19.2 degrees versus 21.0 ± 19.5 degrees; p =0.055). The ratio of improvement was also significantly higher in the flap group (0.79 ± 0.26 versus 0.49 ± 0.46; p =0.049). Flap resurfacing appeared to have a beneficial effect on improvements in extension lag (p =0.042), whereas a higher number of secondary operations, associated fractures, and maximum visual analogue scale score 1 week postoperatively were negatively associated with extension lag in univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Generalized estimating modeling showed that flap resurfacing had a significantly positive effect on extensor lag improvement with time (β = 2.235; p =0.04).

Conclusions:
PIP joint adipofascial flap resurfacing following PIP joint contracture release may improve and maintain extensor lag. Recovery of joint motion may also be quicker compared with conventional release alone.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Term, Targeted OnabotulinumtoxinA versus Peripheral Trigger Site Deactivation Surgery for the Treatment of Refractory Migraine Headaches
Authors: Schoenbrunner Anna R. , Khansa Ibrahim , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Chronic migraines affect approximately 2 percent of the U.S. population and cost an estimated $17 billion per year. OnabotulinumtoxinA (botulinum toxin type A) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved prophylactic medication for chronic migraine headaches and is best injected in a targeted fashion into specific trigger sites. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of long-term, targeted botulinum toxin type A versus peripheral trigger site deactivation surgery for the treatment of migraine headaches.

Methods:
A Markov model was constructed to examine long-term, targeted botulinum toxin type A versus peripheral trigger site deactivation surgery. Costs, utilities, and other model inputs were identified from the literature. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio under $50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year was considered cost-effective.

Results:
The mean cost of peripheral trigger site deactivation surgery was $10,303, with an effectiveness of 7.06; whereas the mean cost of long-term, targeted botulinum toxin type A was $36,071, with an effectiveness of 6.34. Trigger-site deactivation surgery is more effective and less costly over the time horizon of the model. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that surgery is the most cost-effective treatment in patients requiring treatment for greater than 6.75 years.

Conclusions:
Based on this model, peripheral trigger site deactivation surgery is the more cost-effective option for treating refractory migraine headaches requiring treatment beyond 6.75 years. The model reveals that peripheral trigger-site deactivation surgery is more effective and less costly than long-term, targeted botulinum toxin type A over the course of a patient’s lifetime.
A Review of 30 Years of Alveolar Bone Grafting in the Mixed Dentition Using a Standardized Protocol in Western Australia
Authors: Keribin Pierre , Nicholls Wendy , Walters Mark , Tan Albert , McAlpine Melanie , Gillett David 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Outcomes for a continuously applied alveolar bone grafting protocol, established in 1982, are reported and compared to previously published outcomes from the authors’ unit and elsewhere.

Methods:
A descriptive, retrospective cohort study of alveolar bone grafting outcomes at a tertiary referral cleft center was performed. Records of all alveolar bone grafts between 2002 and 2014 were reviewed (224 grafts). Three-year postoperative periapical radiographs were evaluated using the Bergland, Kindelan, and standardized way to assess graft scores by an external rater. Incomplete records, a syndromic diagnosis, or primary surgery performed elsewhere resulted in 123 grafts being excluded, leaving 101 grafts for assessment. The distribution of scores was compared to the authors’ previous studies and international reports. The authors also tested for any impact on the outcome based on cleft type, laterality, timing for incisor or canine eruption, and surgeon experience.

Results:
A total of 95.6 percent of applicable grafts (66 of 69) were considered “successful” by Bergland scores and 96 percent by Kindelan scores. Eighty-nine percent of grafts were “very good” based on standardized way to assess graft score. No significant differences were detected in outcomes based on timing, cleft type, or laterality. Surgeon experience had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on outcome for Bergland and Kindelan scores. Distribution of Bergland scores did not differ from the authors’ earlier studies demonstrating consistent outcomes for over 30 years.

Conclusions:
The Western Australian alveolar bone grafting protocol has consistently achieved a very high success rate (96 percent) for over 30 years despite multiple staff changes. These results compared well with best-reported outcomes from worldwide cleft centers. Surgeon training and experience were significant in achieving these outcomes.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Neural Correlates of Stress and Abdominal Obesity in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Moazzami Kasra , Wittbrodt Matthew T. , Lima Bruno B. , Levantsevych Oleksiy , Kaseer Belal , Martini Afif , Haffar Ammer , Nye Jonathon A. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Shah Amit , Vaccarino Viola , Bremner J. Douglas 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between waist circumference as a measure of abdominal obesity and brain responses to stress among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
Patients with CAD (N = 151) underwent acute mental stress tasks in conjunction with high-resolution positron emission tomography and radiolabeled water imaging of the brain. Brain responses to mental stress were correlated with waist circumference.

Results
Waist circumference was positively correlated with increased activation in the right and left frontal lobes (β values ranging from 2.81 to 3.75 in the paracentral, medial, and superior gyri), left temporal lobe, left hippocampal, left amygdala, left uncus, and left anterior and posterior cingulate gyri (β values ranging from 2.93 to 3.55). Waist circumference was also negatively associated with the left and right parietal lobes, right superior temporal gyrus, and right insula and precuneus (β values ranging from 2.82 to 5.20).

Conclusion
Increased brain activation in the brain regions involved in the stress response and autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system during psychological stress may underlie stress-induced overeating and abdominal obesity in patients with CAD.
Choice of Single-Staged Reconstruction of Nasal Defect
Authors: Ni Jian , Yan Xin , Wang Shuqin , Tan Qian 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
The nasal defect is still a challenge for plastic surgeon now. Many surgical options are reported in previous literatures. There are few studies reported about the 1-staged repair of large nasal defect. In this article, the authors describe the experience about the nasal reconstruction in the last 8 years.

Patients and Methods:
Fifty-two patients diagnosed with nasal defect were retrospectively examined between 2011 and 2018. All of them performed under local anesthesia and received 1-staged surgical method.

Results:
In the authors’ patients, the mean size of the defect was 2.16 cm. Nine patients were treated by nasolabial flap, and 30 patients were treated by local flap. The modified auricular composite tissue flap was used in 5 patients. There were no major postoperative complications. All patients were satisfied with aesthetically nasal contours as well as inconspicuous scars when follow-up.

Conclusion:
Single-staged reconstruction is still considered the first choice for nasal defect. The design of flap depends on the surrounding condition and the size of defect. Locoregional flaps are still considered as an ideal choice for nasal reconstruction in most patients. O–Z flap and modified auricular free flap could be an option for large-sized defect of nasal alar and nasal tip.
Hypertension and Diabetes Are Associated With Clinical Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm
Authors: Min Lingzhao , Zhang Wenbo , Tao Bangbao , Sun Qiuyang , Li Shiting , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
The aim of the present study is to investigate effect of hypertension and diabetes on neuroelectrophysiology, outcomes and complications in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) treated by microvascular decompression (MVD).

Methods:
From June 2014 to December 2016, 476 consecutive HFS patients who had undergone MVD were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of comorbidities: diabetic group (n = 26) versus non-diabetic group (n = 450), and hypertensive group (n = 141) versus normotensive group (n = 335). Relevant patient data, including preoperative and postoperative neuroelectrophysiology, operative findings, outcome of MVD and complications, were collected and analyzed retrospectively over the 2-year follow-up period. The impact of hypertension and diabetes on the clinical features of HFS patients was investigated by using logistic regression models.

Results:
Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), postoperative prognosis and abnormal muscle response (AMR) were not different between any of the 2 groups. Preoperative positive AMR occurred more frequently in the nondiabetic group than diabetic group [OR = 0.202, P = 0.004], whereas hypertension was not independently predictive for neuroelectrophysiology in patients with HFS. Adjusted multivariate analysis indicated that hypertension was the only clinical factor associated with MVD-related complications [OR = 0.482, P = 0.007] and hearing impairment [OR = 0.28, P = 0.004] after various potential confounders were taken into account, whereas diabetes was not predictive for postoperative complications.

Conclusions:
Diabetes is associated with low positive rate of preoperative AMR, thus weakening the predictive role of AMR for successful MVD. Hypertension may be an independent risk factor for hearing impairment after MVD.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Automatic Detection of Orbital Blowout Fractures
Authors: Li Lunhao , Song Xuefei , Guo Yucheng , Liu Yuchen , Sun Rou , Zou Hao , Zhou Huifang , Fan Xianqun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Orbital blow out fracture is a common disease in emergency department and a delay or failure in diagnosis can lead to permanent visual changes. This study aims to evaluate the ability of an automatic orbital blowout fractures detection system based on computed tomography (CT) data.
Orbital CT scans of adult orbital blowout fractures patients and normal cases were obtained from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital between January and March 2017. The region of fractures was annotated using 3D Slicer. The Inception V3 convolutional neural networks were constructed utilizing the Python programming language with PyTorch as the framework to extract high dimension features from each slice in a CT scan. These extracted features are processed through a XGBoost model to make the final differentiation of fracture cases and nonfracture ones. Accuracy, receiver operating characteristics, and area under the curve were evaluated.
This study used 94 CT scans diagnosed with orbital blowout fractures and 94 healthy control cases. The automatic detection system showed accuracy of 92% in single-image classification and 87% in patient level detection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9574.
Using a deep learning-based automatic detection system of orbital blowout fracture can accurately detect and classify orbital blowout fractures from CT scans. The convolutional neural networks model combined with an accurate annotation system could achieve good performance in a small dataset. Further studies with large and multicenter data are required to refine this technology for possible clinical applications.
No association between CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism with treatment remission to antidepressant venlafaxine in Han Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Naixing , Ji Lei , Chen Zhixuan , An Lin , Ren Decheng , Bi Yan , Guo Zhenming , Yuan Ruixue , Yuan Fan , Dong Zaiquan , Yin Li , Sun Xueli , Yang Fengping , Li Xingwang , Yu Tao , He Lin , Shi Lei , He Guang 
Published: December 2019

Objective:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global mental health problem. As a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), the antidepressant venlafaxine is used to alleviate MDD clinically. Recent research has shown that Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes affect venlafaxine efficacy by mediating its metabolism. The present study investigates genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 (CYP2C19) are associated with remission after venlafaxine treatment for MDD.Methods:A total of 175 Han Chinese patients with depression were recruited to accept a 6-week treatment with venlafaxine. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP2C19 were selected from dbSNP and previous literature to compare the allele and genotype frequencies between patients in remission and nonremission. Seventeen items Hamilton Depression Scale (17-HAMD) was used to access the outcomes of patients’ depressive symptoms through the study. Our results denied the role of CYP2C19 polymorphisms for remission after venlafaxine treatment in MDD patients.Result & Conclusion:CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism may not have association with SNRI venlafaxine treatment remission in the Han Chinese population.
Phase synchronization varies systematically with linguistic structure composition
Authors: Brennan Jonathan R. , Martin Andrea E. 
Published: December 2019

Computation in neuronal assemblies is putatively reflected in the excitatory and inhibitory cycles of activation distributed throughout the brain. In speech and language processing, coordination of these cycles resulting in phase synchronization has been argued to reflect the integration of information on different timescales (e.g. segmenting acoustics signals to phonemic and syllabic representations; (Giraud and Poeppel 2012Nat. Neurosci.15, 511 (doi:10.1038/nn.3063)). A natural extension of this claim is that phase synchronization functions similarly to support the inference of more abstract higher-level linguistic structures (Martin 2016Front. Psychol.7, 120; Martin and Doumas 2017PLoS Biol.15, e2000663 (doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2000663); Martin and Doumas. 2019Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci.29, 77–83 (doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.04.008)). Haleet al. (Haleet al. 2018 Finding syntax in human encephalography with beam search.arXiv1806.04127 (http://arxiv.org/abs/1806.04127)) showed that syntactically driven parsing decisions predict electroencephalography (EEG) responses in the time domain; here we ask whether phase synchronization in the form of either inter-trial phrase coherence or cross-frequency coupling (CFC) between high-frequency (i.e. gamma) bursts and lower-frequency carrier signals (i.e. delta, theta), changes as the linguistic structures of compositional meaning (viz., bracket completions, as denoted by the onset of words that complete phrases) accrue. We use a naturalistic story-listening EEG dataset from Haleet al. to assess the relationship between linguistic structure and phase alignment. We observe increased phase synchronization as a function of phrase counts in the delta, theta, and gamma bands, especially for function words. A more complex pattern emerged for CFC as phrase count changed, possibly related to the lack of a one-to-one mapping between ‘size’ of linguistic structure and frequency band—an assumption that is tacit in recent frameworks. These results emphasize the important role that phase synchronization, desynchronization, and thus, inhibition, play in the construction of compositional meaning by distributed neural networks in the brain.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition’.
The geometry of predication: a configurational derivation of the defining property of clause structure
Authors: Moro Andrea 
Published: December 2019

Predication is the fundamental grammatical relation defining clausal structures in all (and only) human languages. This notion is by definition compositional, since it consists of a link between a subject and a predicate. The central question addressed here is whether this traditional notion, which has never been dismissed ever since the canonical models of Ancient Greek linguistics, can be derived at a formal level from more abstract compositional algorithms. Capitalizing on predication in copular sentences, which allow factoring out non-essential aspects of this phenomenon, such as the morphological asymmetry between verbs and nouns, I propose a configurational approach to predication. This new approach is based on the notion of symmetry as derived by purely compositional mechanisms. Finally, I address some theoretical and empirical consequences of this generalization including those pertaining to neurolinguistics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition’.
Quasi-compositional mapping from form to meaning: a neural network-based approach to capturing neural responses during human language comprehension
Authors: Rabovsky Milena , McClelland James L. 
Published: December 2019

We argue that natural language can be usefully described as quasi-compositional and we suggest that deep learning-based neural language models bear long-term promise to capture how language conveys meaning. We also note that a successful account of human language processing should explain both the outcome of the comprehension process and the continuous internal processes underlying this performance. These points motivate our discussion of a neural network model of sentence comprehension, the Sentence Gestalt model, which we have used to account for the N400 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP), which tracks meaning processing as it happens in real time. The model, which shares features with recent deep learning-based language models, simulates N400 amplitude as the automatic update of a probabilistic representation of the situation or event described by the sentence, corresponding to a temporal difference learning signal at the level of meaning. We suggest that this process happens relatively automatically, and that sometimes a more-controlled attention-dependent process is necessary for successful comprehension, which may be reflected in the subsequent P600 ERP component. We relate this account to current deep learning models as well as classic linguistic theory, and use it to illustrate a domain general perspective on some specific linguistic operations postulated based on compositional analyses of natural language.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards mechanistic models of meaning composition’.
Extraction of near-complete genomes from metagenomic samples: a new service in PATRIC
Authors: Parrello Bruce , Butler Rory , Chlenski Philippe , Pusch Gordon D , Overbeek Ross 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLarge volumes of metagenomic samples are being processed and submitted to PATRIC for analysis as reads or assembled contigs. Effective analysis of these samples requires solutions to a number of problems, including the binning of assembled, mixed, metagenomically-derived contigs into taxonomic units.DescriptionThe PATRIC metagenome binning service utilizes the PATRIC database to furnish a large, diverse set of reference genomes. Reference genomes are assigned based on the presence of single-copy universal marker proteins in the sample, and contigs are assigned to the bin corresponding to the most similar reference genome. Each set of binned contigs represents a draft genome that will be annotated by RASTtk in PATRIC. A structured-language binning report is provided containing quality measurements and taxonomic information about the contig bins.ConclusionWe provide a new service for rapid and interpretable metagenomic contig binning and annotation in PATRIC.
Sox8andSox9act redundantly for ovarian-to-testicular fate reprogramming in the absence ofR-spondin1in mouse sex reversals
Authors: Richardson Nainoa , Gillot Isabelle , Gregoire Elodie P. , Youssef Sameh A. , de Rooij Dirk G. , de Bruin Alain , De Cian Marie-Cécile , Chaboissier Marie-Christine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn mammals, testicular differentiation is initiated by transcription factors SRY and SOX9 in XY gonads, and ovarian differentiation involves R-spondin1 (RSPO1) mediated activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling in XX gonads. Accordingly, the absence ofRSPO1/Rspo1in XX humans and mice leads to testicular differentiation and female-to-male sex reversal in a manner that does not requireSryorSox9in mice. Here we show that an alternate testis-differentiating factor exists and that this factor isSox8. Specifically, genetic ablation ofSox8andSox9prevents ovarian-to-testicular reprogramming observed in XXRspo1loss-of-function mice. Consequently,Rspo1 Sox8 Sox9triple mutant gonads developed as atrophied ovaries. Thus, SOX8 alone can compensate for the loss of SOX9 for Sertoli cell differentiation during female-to-male sex reversal.
Distribution and strength of interlaminar synaptic connectivity in mouse primary visual cortex revealed by two-photon optogenetic stimulation
Authors: Hage Travis A. , Bosma-Moody Alice , Baker Christopher A. , Kratz Megan B. , Campagnola Luke , Jarsky Tim , Zeng Hongkui , Murphy Gabe J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe most common synaptic connections between neurons in different cortical layers form the basis of the canonical cortical microcircuit. Understanding of cortical function will require further development and application of methods to efficiently characterize synaptic connections within and outside of the canonical pathway. Accordingly, we measured synaptic inputs onto superficial excitatory neurons in response to sequential two-photon optogenetic stimulation of neurons in deeper layers. Layer 4 excitatory neurons and somatostatin-neurons within layer 2/3 represented the most common sources of input. Although connections from excitatory and somatostatin-neurons in layer 5 were less common, the amplitudes of synaptic responses were equally strong. We examined synaptic strength across all connections, as well as the relationships between the strength of connections diverging from a common presynaptic neuron or converging to a single target. While the overall distribution indicates synaptic weight is concentrated to a few connections, strong excitatory connections are distributed across cells.