bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on concrete filled tubular sections using self compacting concrete
Authors: Faldu Smeet , Pamnani Nanak 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Concrete filled tubular section (CFT’s) is a composite column of hollow steel and concrete filled into it. This composite action of concrete and steel gives better performance under service. CFT’s carries higher loads as compared to steel column and conventional reinforced concrete, due to this property CFT’s are highly recommended for tall structures. CFT’s can provide more carpet area as compared to the RCC column due to cross section reduction in CFT’s. Study shows that for high rise buildings composite construction is economical. CFT’s are filled with normal concrete where the filling problems arise due to dense reinforcement or smaller cross section or the distance between two profiles are less, self compacting concrete (SCC) can be recommended due to its workability. The previous researcher shows a comparison between normal concrete, SCC and light weight aggregate concrete inside CFT’s with L/D and D/t ratios and different curing techniques for SCC.
Estimation of the soil loss in micro watersheds using morphometric analysis and GIS techniques
Authors: Muthukumar Surya , Ghanesh Goutham , Balasubramaniam Prabha , Prasanth  , Raghavapriya  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) has now become the fastest growing technology which is found to be useful in many aspects. In current scenario, we face many problems in the form of flood in one side due to improper drainage system and on the other side we face water scarcity. There is a great demand for water at present. This is an ironical situation. As per the rainfall analysis, the amount of rainfall remains same during the years and it is not reduced, but the pattern of rainfall varied greatly. These factors lead to the inefficiency of water storage structures. For that, water resource management has become an inevitable study. RS and GIS acts as a tool used to delineate the watershed. Estimation of Morphometric parameters is done using GIS. Morphometric parameters are of three aspects-Linear aspects, Aerial aspects, Relief aspects. On determining the morphometric parameters, the most eroded region in the watershed is found and for that particular region, run-off is calculated using SCS-CN curve number method. The soil loss is estimated using USLE for the watershed. These techniques are used to find soil loss in the highly eroded sub-watershed in the Noyyal basin. This helps us in estimating the severity of soil erosion and thus a suitable soil - conservation method can be implemented in the watershed
Mixed metal oxide based electrochemical sensing of inhibitory neurotransmitter serotonin in the presence of dopamine
Authors: Krishnan Rajasree G , Saraswathyamma Beena , Sreedhar K M , David Sofia , Prakash Alisha P , Greeshma S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA mixed metal oxide modified electrode has been employed for the voltammetric determination of neurotransmitter serotonin in the presence of dopamine. The electrode was morphologically and electrochemically characterized using scanning electron microscope and cyclic voltammetry respectively. Differential pulse voltammetry were performed to measure the serotonin concentration at the electrode surface. A dynamic linear range of 0.2-52 μm was obtained. Viability of the sensor was tested in blood sample.
Strength studies on geopolymer concrete with GGBS and Fly ash
Authors: Nagalingam Ganesan , Chokkalingam Ramesh Babu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is a pollution controlled and eco-friendly alternate material used for construction in the recent years. This concrete has many advantages and applications. The main aim of this study is to check the effect of Fly ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on the mechanical properties of Geopolymer concrete at different replacement levels of GGBS by fly ash from 0 to 25% with 5% variation. From previous researches on Geopolymer concrete, an optimized mix is identified for testing mechanical behaviour. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) of 12 Molarity is used as activator solution in the ratio of 1:2.5. A carboxylic based admixture called La Hypercrete S25 is added in the mix by 1% of the weight of GGBS for increasing the workability of Geopolymer concrete. Cubes of 100mm size are cast for determining the compression strength behavior. Cylinders of 100mm dia and 200mm height are cast for splitting tensile strength and beams of size 500mm length with 100mm x 100mm cross section are cast for flexural strength. The specimens are cured at ambient temperature and tested on 7 and 28 days. The test result shows the strengths gradually increases for 5, 10, 15 and 20% replacement of GGBS by fly ash. The maximum values are obtained for 20% of GGBS replacement by flyash in all the tests. The strengths reduce for replacements of above 20%. This study concludes that geopolymer concrete performs well in strength properties with GGBS and Fly ash.
Influence of mineral admixtures on impact strength of self-compacting concrete under elevated temperatures
Authors: Mathews Mervin Ealiyas , Anand N , Nandhagopal M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a special type of concrete that can be placed in its own weight and compacted without any vibrations. One of the biggest problems of its use in structures subject to high temperatures was the fire resistance of SCC materials. The grade of concrete used for this study is M20. Different replacement methods was adopted for the comparative performance study of supplementary mineral admixtures such as Fly Ash (FA), Silica Fume (SF) and Meta-Kaoline (MK). Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are replaced with FA by 5% and 3% respectively. Fine aggregate is replaced with SF by 3%. Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are replaced with MKby 4% and 2% respectively. Specimens are casted in cylinders of 150mm diameter and 63.5mm heightand cured for 28 days. After 28 days, specimens were heated in the muffle furnace at 500, 750 and 1000°C. Then all the specimens were tested and observed for impact strength, colour change and weight loss.
Novel fabrication technique for NiTi and TiN micro-structures by femtosecond lasers
Authors: Jithin M A , Ganapathi K L , Udayashankar N K , Mohan S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films were deposited onto silicon substrate using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering technique. To obtain crystalline NiTi thin films has to be synthesized at higher temperatures (475 - 525) °C. This high temperature requirement restricts the ease in conventional lithographic procedures. The recent advancements in the laser micromachining lend their applications into the fabrication of miniaturized systems. The femtosecond lasers (FSL) allow non-thermal processing of materials by ablation. This work focuses on the deposition and fabrication of NiTi (≈1.5 μm. thick) and titanium nitride (TiN ≈0.3 μm. thick) thin films based miniaturized systems by femtosecond laser bulk micromachining. The NiTi and TiN microstructures were release by bottom silicon etch using reactive ion etching chlorine chemistry (RIE-Cl).
Effect of silica fume and induction furnace slag in the compaction and strength characteristics of black cotton soil
Authors: Joseph Winny , Sridhar R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present investigation brings out the experimental outcomes of the influence of two industrial solid wastes on black cotton soil. It evaluates the changes in compaction and strength characteristics of the black cotton soil on addition of these solid wastes. Disturbed soil sampling had been done and as per Indian classification system the soil is classified as CH soil. The virgin soil is mixed with varied percentages of Silica fume and Induction furnace slag independently and its effect on compaction characteristics was ascertained. The proportions identified for silica fume and Induction Furnace slag are in the order of 5 to 20% of dry weight of soil with an incremental increase of 5%. The optimum percentage of silica fume was obtained from the compaction characteristics of the soil. After choosing optimum percentage of silica fume, further the compaction and strength characteristics of the soil was ascertained with optimum percentage of silica fume and varying percentage of induction furnace slag ie 10 to 20% with 5% increase. The results shows that maximum dry density for BC soil + 10% SF +20% IFS is 1.63 g/cc and UCS for BC Soil + 10% SF +15 % IFS is 138.76 kPa.
Strength and durability properties (effect of salts) of internal curing concrete
Authors: Kastro Kiran V , Sathyan Dhanya , Anand K B , Devi P Rubitha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Concrete is the second most largely consumed material on Earth. The strength and durability parameters of concrete largely depends on the curing process. The quality of concrete to a great extent relies upon the process of curing. It is estimated that 1m3 of concrete requires about 3m3 of water, approximately and a period of 28 days continuous water curing is required to develop the desired properties. In order to restrict the usage of excess amount of water, Internal Curing of Concrete is perhaps the best other option. In this study, internal curing agent – Poly Ethylene Glycol is used at various dosages, 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3.0% by cement weight and the mechanical properties are evaluated. The effect of salts on Internal Cured Concrete are evaluated by using two salt solutions viz., NaCl and CaCl2. It was perceived that 2% PEG solution was effective for compressive strength and 1.5% for split tensile and flexural strengths. NaCl and CaCl2 solutions had shown an adverse effect on Internal Cured Concrete.
Solar reduced graphene oxide coated sponge for oil and organic solvent adsorption studies
Authors: Anand K B , Mohanapriya K , Datar S D , Jha N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, we have synthesized solar reduced graphene oxide (SRGO)by facile, fast and cost effective technique. The as-prepared SRGO was coated on polyurethane sponge and used for oil adsorption from the oil-water interface. The material was characterized by x-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy for structural, surface and morphological analysis. Further the hydrophobicity of the graphene coated sponge was investigated by measuring the contact angle of water droplet with the graphene coated sponge. The graphene coated sponge demonstrates strong hydrophobicity along with oleophilic property. SRGO coated sponge shows high adsorption and achieves equilibrium in few seconds. Highest adsorption capacity has been obtained for tetrahydrofuran, which is 65.67 g/g. SRGO coated sponge prepared could be a desirable material for cleanup of oil spills in sea.
A review on durability properties of alkali activated composites
Authors: Nagaraj V K , Venkatesh Babu D L , Ramzane Shaik Nawaz Shreef , Manjunath R , Manjunath S , Rakesh T M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Global warming predominantly caused due to greenhouse gas emission from the cement manufacturing industry is associating climate changes. Thus, these has allured researchers towards alkali activated composite customarily known has geopolymer concrete. At this moment in time the researchers are in an unremitting process to ameliorate the durability properties of concrete. As durability of concrete chiefly sway the services viability of structural element, hence this property has a vital role. In these review paper the various durability properties of geopolymer concrete has been explored. The review of literature divulged that the production of geopolymer concrete necessitate substantial case unerring composition. The various parameters like activator to binder ratio, activator ratio, molarity, water to solid ratio, type of source materials and their proportions govern the durability property of geopolymer concrete. The various researchers in the field of GPC had concluded that geopolymer concrete had astounding property compare to cement based traditional concrete.
Irradiation studies on nano-scale single crystal copper by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Katakam Krishna Chaitanya , Yedla Natraj 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies on the structure and tensile properties (temperature = 300 K and strain rate = 1010 s−1) of irradiated copper single crystals (101.8 Å× 50.54Å × 50.54Å) oriented along the [100] and [110] crystallographic orientations. Primary knock-on atom (PKA) method is used for radiation (0.5 keV to 5 keV). Structural studies indicate liquid like regions near the PKA region and are more in [110] orientation. The self-diffusivity (D) of copper in the PKA regions is found to increase from 4.05 × 10−5 m2/s at 1 keV irradiation energy to 27.36 × 10−5 at 5 keV irradiation energy in [110] orientation. However, no such relationship is observed in the [100] orientation. Vacancies, self-interstitials, and dislocations are more prominent in [100] orientation (dislocation density = 1 × 1016 m−2). Young’s modulus and yield strength decrease due to the formation of defects as anticipated.
Experimental study on strength characteristics of geopolymer based voided specimens
Authors: Suchitra B , Bhuvaneshwari P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf-weight is the load imposed by its own weight upon astructure. The material density of the system directly influences the self-weight. By creating voids inside the structure, we can reduce the self-weight and material density. In this study, voids are created by using void formers made of recycled plastic materials that do not react with concrete and steel chemically. Tests are conducted on the plastic void former and voided specimen of 150mm × 150mm × 150mm size. Geopolymer concrete is a type of concrete produced by using waste materials generated from power plants along with an activator solution. For solid specimens, cubes of 100mm × 100mm × 100mm size are cast and tested by considering different curing methods. It can be concluded that the strength characteristics of geopolymer concrete was found to be significantly greater than that of conventional concrete. Voided specimens show reduced density apart from achieving comparable strength to that of solid specimens
Material performance of agro based hybrid natural fibre reinforced high strength concrete
Authors: Poongodi K , Mahesh V , Murthi P , Sivaraja M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The High Strength Concrete (HSC) is relatively higher brittle nature than normal concrete. Addition of fibre in concrete enhances the ductility properties. In the present research, agricultural products such as coir fibre (CF) and banana fibre (BF) were used to investigate the performance of HSC. The Fibre Reinforced High Strength Concrete (FRHSC) was developed with ternary blended combination using Metakaolin and Micro Silica. The concrete grades of M60 and M70 were designed for the study purpose. The fibre were added with 1.5% of volume of concrete and established three hybrid fibre combination such as 25% CF + 75% BF, 50% CF + 50% BF and 75% CF + 25% BF of total fibre content. The workability of FRHSC was maintained in the range of 100-120 mm with the assistance of superplastizer. The performance of FRHSC was determined using mechanical properties including the strength ratio and compared with the control HSC. The material performance of hybrid FRHSC was significantly improved and the ductility nature was increased up to 25% than the control HSC
A review on strength characteristics of GGBS based fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete
Authors: Sindhuja S , Raman K Saketh , Bhuvaneshwari P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study is a review on the strength characteristics of Lightweight concrete (LWC)using lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA), supplementary cementing material (GGBS) and micro-steel fibers at its optimum percentages. Based on the review of literatures, preliminary experiment is conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregate with light weight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) on its strength characteristics, Comparison is made with conventional concrete to check the suitability of structural lightweight concrete for various construction purposes. A total of 14 cubes of size 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm are cast by varying the percentages of LECA as 30%, 50% and 100%. On comparison, it is noted that the density of concrete decreased in the range of (6.2%-38%) with increase of LECA content, meanwhile strength characteristics were reduced. So in order to achieve enhanced strength characteristics by retaining the benefits of LECA, cement was partially replaced with Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) at its optimum percentage (40%) and Micro steel fibers are also added to improve tensile characteristics and to prevent micro cracks in the Light weight concrete specimens.
Synthesis, growth, structure, spectroscopic, and physicochemical properties of 18-Crown-6-ether barium (II) bisthiocyanate monohydrate single crystal: BCBT
Authors: Showrilu K , Ramesh V , Rajarajan K , Dhas S A Martin Britto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We reported the bulk size with a dimension of 18×5×5 mm3 single-crystals of 18C6(Ba)(SCN)2.H2O [18-crown-6-ether barium(II) bisthiocyanate monohydrate]; abbreviated as BCBT, have been grown from an aqueous solution via slow evaporation solvent technique(SEST). The grown pristine single-crystals have characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, micro-Raman, and UV-Vis-NIR spectral studies. BCBT crystallizes in a monoclinic with a non-centrosymeetric space group of P21 crystal system. Additionally, the chemical etching studies showed that the reverse crystal growth rates of BCBT. The FT-IR studies confirmed the present of functional groups in the grown single-crystal of BCBT. Interestingly, the CN stretching observed at 2012 cm−1 is clearly shown the N-bonded nature of SCN with Ba2+. Moreover, the micro-Raman spectrum is used to further additional confirmation of BCBT single-crystal. In the entire visible region, the BCBT crystal has found to be wide (UV-Vis-IR) optically absorption from 231 to 800 nm, which is suitable for optoelectronic applications. The laser damage threshold measurements on the BCBT crystal with Q-switched Nd: YAG laser of fundamental wavelength 1064 nm (QUANTA RAY Model LAB – 170 - 10, pulse width 10 ns and repetition rate 6 Hz used as the source of light for laser damage threshold experiment. Moreover, the thermal stability of grown BCBT is stable up to 289 °C. From the results reveal that the sample possess admirable thermal stability compared to other IOPS series such as CLTC (171°C), and ACCTC (241°C).
Organic base catalysed synthesis of benzimidazole
Authors: John Sarah , Kavya G , Aparna M M , Krishnan R Anuja , Parvathy R , Sreenath T S , Sivan Akhil 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A mild and effective protocol for benzimidazolesynthesis from o-phenylenediamine and aromatic aldehydes catalysed by DBU is described. The synthesized compounds find application in the pharmaceutical, dye and material science fields. Mild reaction conditions, low amount of chemicals and use of metal-free catalysts are the highlights of the reaction.
Hemicyanines-potential heavy metal ion sensors
Authors: Gopika G S , Raj M P Pranav , Eapen Merin , Rani P , Lekshmipriya S , Dev Anandu P , Pillai Zeena S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The synthesis of four hemicyanine dyes are reported. Varying the donor-acceptor properties of hemicyanine dyes has a drastic influence on the aggregation properties and photophysical properties. 4-(N, N-dimethyl)amino benzaldehyde, 4-nitro benzaldehyde and 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde are used as donors. Quarternary salts of 2-methyl benzothiazole with bromoacetic acid and methyl iodide are used as acceptors. Synthesis and characterization of the dyes were carried out. Preliminary studies shows that these compounds possess pH sensing as well as heavy metal ion sensing properties.
Study on mechanical properties of alkali activated binary blended binder containing steatite powder and fly ash / GGBS
Authors: Premkumar R , Chokkalingam Ramesh Babu , Shanmugasundaram M , Ragasree A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The primary advantage of geo polymeric concrete is the decrease in ecological effect in agreement with the concept of sustainable development. The present investigation thinks about the quality, and transport properties of GGBS–and fly debris based geopolymer mortars with different level of steatite powder. The main variables investigated were the hybrid binder of geopolymer mortar. In this present study fly ash and GGBS is partial replacement with different amounts of steatite powder (soap stone) 0%,10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50% to obtained the mechanical properties such as compressive strength and split tensile strength. For comparison, one mixture of ordinary portland cement mortar (OPC) is also studied. The alkali activators are prepared by combining NaOH and Na2SiO3 solution in the ratio of 2.5 and NaOH concentration 10M. The flyash based Geopolymer mortar specimens are heat curing (oven dry) at 70°C for 48 hours and ambient curing was done in GGBS based Geopolymer mortar. Test results were obtained that, when increasing percentages of fly ash partial replaced with the steatite powder is gradually increased the strength and the proportion of steatite powder 30% are the optimum range value.
Structural performance of hybrid fiber geopolymer concrete beams
Authors: Chithambar Ganesh A , Muthukannan M , Dhivya M , Sangeetha C B , Daffodile S P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research work aims at investigating the structural properties of hybrid fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete specimens such as load-deflection behaviour, stiffness, ductility, toughness index. In this research work, effort has been made towards reducing the brittleness of geopolymer concrete by the addition of glass (high modulus) and polypropylene (low modulus) fibers inside GGBS based geopolymer concrete made of M-sand. The glass and polypropylene fibers were added in various proportions such as 1/0, 0.75/0.25, 0.5/0.5, 0.25/0.75,0/1. The research work recorded enhancement of structural properties of geopolymer concrete under ambient curing. This work paved way for the utilization of fibers inside geopolymer concrete and replace cement concrete in all facets.
Novel fabrication of fixed suspended silicon nitride structure for MEMS devices with dry etching
Authors: Subhani Khawaja Nizammuddin , Khandare Shubham , Biradar R C , Bhat K N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A method of fabricating suspended LPCVD and PECVD silicon nitride structure is demonstrated for a wide range of MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) applications. Low stress LPCVD and PECVD silicon nitride film of 1 μm thickness were selected for the structure separately. Optical Lithographic parameters, viz, photoresist (PR) thickness, PR variety and baking parameters were optimized to obtain the PR suitable for selective etching of silicon and silicon nitride. Parameters of the dry etching process were also optimized to achieve anisotropic etching of silicon nitride and isotropic etching of Si to release the silicon nitride beam. The silicon nitride structures, thus released, were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV). Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was carried out using COMSOL, to compare with the experimental modes of vibration investigated using the Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV). Thus we demonstrate that the first mode at 30 kHz was indeed the optimum match.