bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A BMSCs‐laden quercetin/duck's feet collagen/hydroxyapatite sponge for enhanced bone regeneration
Authors: Song Jeong Eun , Tian Jingwen , Kook Yeon Ji , Thangavelu Muthukumar , Choi Joo Hee , Khang Gilson 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTreating critical‐sized bone defects is an important issue in the field of tissue engineering and bone regeneration. From the various biomaterials for bone regeneration, collagen is an important and widely used biomaterial in biomedical applications, hence, it has numerous attractive properties including biocompatibility, hyper elastic behavior, prominent mechanical properties, support cell adhesion, proliferation, and biodegradability. In the present study, collagen was extracted from duck's feet (DC) as a new collagen source and combined with quercetin (Qtn), a type of flavonoids found in apple and onions and has been reported to affect the bone metabolism, for increasing osteogenic differentiation. Further, improving osteoconductive properties of the scaffold hydroxyapatite (HAp) a biodegradable material was used. We prepared 0, 25, 50, and 100 μM Qtn/DC/HAp sponges using Qtn, DC, and HAp. Their physiochemical characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength, porosity, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To assess the effect of Qtn on osteogenic differentiation, we cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the sponges and evaluated by alkaline phosphatase, 3‐4‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, they were studied implanting in rat, analyzed through Micro‐CT and histological staining. From our in vitro and in vivo results, we found that Qtn has an effect on bone regeneration. Among the different experimental groups, 25 μM Qtn/DC/HAp sponge was found to be highly increased in cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared with other groups. Therefore, 25 μM Qtn/DC/HAp sponge can be used as an alternative biomaterial for bone regeneration in critical situations.
Abaloparatide at the Same Dose Has the Same Effects on Bone as PTH (1-34) in Mice
Authors: Le Henaff Carole , Ricarte Florante , Finnie Brandon , He Zhiming , Johnson Joshua , Warshaw Johanna , Kolupaeva Victoria , Partridge Nicola C 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Abaloparatide, a novel analog of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP 1–34), became in 2017 the second osteoanabolic therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis. This study aims to compare the effects of PTH (1-34), PTHrP (1-36), and abaloparatide on bone remodeling in male mice. Intermittent daily subcutaneous injections of 80 μg/kg/d were administered to 4-month-old C57Bl/6J male mice for 6 weeks. During treatment, mice were followed by DXA-Piximus to assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole body, femur, and tibia. At either 4 or 18 hours after the final injection, femurs were harvested for μCT analyses and histomorphometry, sera were assayed for bone turnover marker levels, and tibias were separated into cortical, trabecular, and bone marrow fractions for gene expression analyses. Our results showed that, compared with PTH (1-34), abaloparatide resulted in a similar increase in BMD at all sites, whereas no changes were found with PTHrP (1-36). With both PTH (1-34) and abaloparatide, μCT and histomorphometry analyses revealed similar increases in bone volume associated with an increased trabecular thickness, in bone formation rate as shown by P1NP serum level and in vivo double labeling, and in bone resorption as shown by CTX levels and osteoclast number. Gene expression analyses of trabecular and cortical bone showed that PTH (1-34) and abaloparatide led to different actions in osteoblast differentiation and activity, with increased Runx2, Col1A1, Alpl, Bsp, Ocn, Sost, Rankl/Opg, and c-fos at different time points. Abaloparatide seems to generate a faster response on osteoblastic gene expression than PTH (1-34). Taken together, abaloparatide at the same dose is as effective as PTH (1-34) as an osteoanabolic, with an increase in bone formation but also an increase in bone resorption in male mice. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Concept of Pharmacologic Target‐Mediated Drug Disposition in Large‐Molecule and Small‐Molecule Compounds
Authors: An Guohua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTarget‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) is a term to describe a nonlinear pharmacokinetic (PK) phenomenon that is caused by high‐affinity binding of a compound to its pharmacologic targets. As the interaction between a drug and its pharmacologic target belongs to the process of pharmacodynamics (PD), TMDD can be viewed as a consequence of “PD affecting PK.” Although there are numerous TMDD‐related articles in the literature, most of them focus on characterizing TMDD using various mathematical models, which may not be suitable for those readers who have little interest in mathematical modeling and only want to have an understanding of the basic concept. The goal of this review is to serve as a “primer” on TMDD. This review explains (1) how TMDD happens; (2) why large‐molecule and small‐molecule compounds exhibiting TMDD demonstrate substantially different nonlinear PK behaviors; (3) what nonlinear PK profiles look like in large‐molecule and small‐molecule compounds exhibiting TMDD, using pegfilgrastim, erythropoietin, ABT‐384, and linagliptin as case examples; and (4) how to identify whether the nonlinear PK of a compound is because of TMDD.
Alternative option labeling impacts decision‐making in noninvasive prenatal screening
Authors: Fisher Camille F. , Birkeland Laura E. , Reiser Catherine A. , Zhao Qianqian , Palmer Christina G. S. , Zikmund‐Fisher Brian J. , Petty Elizabeth M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrenatal genetic screening should be an informed, autonomous patient choice. Extrinsic factors which influence patient decision‐making threaten the ethical basis of prenatal genetic screening. Prior research in the area of medical decision‐making has identified that labeling may have unanticipated effects on patient perceptions and decision‐making processes. This Internet‐administered study explored the impact of option labeling on the noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) selections of US adults. A total of 1,062 participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and randomly assigned to one of three possible label sets reflecting provider‐derived and industry‐derived option labels used in prenatal screening. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed option labeling had a statistically significant impact on the NIPS selections of study participants (p = .0288). Outcomes of the Satisfaction with Decision Scale (SWD) indicated option labels did not play a role in participant satisfaction with screening selection. The results of this study indicate a need for further evaluation of the impact NIPS option labeling has on patient screening decisions in real‐world clinical interactions. Clinical providers and testing laboratories offering NIPS should give careful consideration to the option labels used with prenatal screening so as to minimize influence on patient screening selection and decision‐making processes.
Atmospheric precursors for intense summer rainfall over the United Kingdom
Authors: Allan Richard P. , Blenkinsop Stephen , Fowler Hayley J. , Champion Adrian J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntense sub‐daily summer rainfall is linked to flooding impacts in the United Kingdom. Characterizing the atmospheric conditions prior to the rainfall event can improve understanding of the large‐scale mechanisms involved. The most intense sub‐daily rainfall intensity data generated from rain gauge records across the United Kingdom over the period 1979–2014 are combined with fields from the ERA Interim reanalysis to characterize atmospheric conditions prior to heavy rainfall events. The 200 most intense 3‐hourly events for six UK regions are associated with negative anomalies in sea level pressure (<−2 hPa) and 200 hPa geopotential height (<−60 m) to the west or south west of the United Kingdom 1 day earlier, with above average moisture, evaporation and dew point temperature over North West Europe. Atmospheric precursors are more intense but less coherent between regions for composites formed of the 25 heaviest rainfall events but all display substantial moisture transport from the south or south east prior to their occurrence. Composites for the heaviest events are characterized by a tripole geopotential anomaly pattern across the North Atlantic. Above average geopotential height and dew point temperature over Newfoundland and below average geopotential height but elevated evaporation in the North Atlantic are found to be weakly associated with an increased chance of the most intense sub‐daily rainfall events 5–9 days later.
Influence of mature El Niño‐Southern Oscillation phase on seasonal precipitation and streamflow in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Wei Jia , Wang Weiguang , Shao Quanxi , Rong Yanshu , Xing Wanqiu , Liu Catherine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs one of the most influential oceanic and atmospheric oscillations in the Earth system, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has modulated numerous geophysical processes. This is particularly true for the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), which is vulnerable to Asian Monsoon and faces serious hydrological hazards. In this study, the co‐variability between lag–lead precipitation and sea surface temperature anomalies was evaluated utilizing singular value decomposition (SVD) method. Moreover, certain teleconnections between ENSO and streamflow were identified by wavelet methods. In addition, the contribution of related atmospheric variables was revealed by composite analysis. Results indicate that there are strong associations in lag–lead seasons between the wet condition (dry condition) and September–November (December–February) mature ENSO phase. Significant common power and coherence signals between the ENSO indices and the streamflow occur in the 4–8, 8–16 and 16–32 seasonal scales. Meanwhile, the activity cycle of the ENSO indices ahead of streamflow increases from the mid‐lower reaches to the source region. In addition, the Western Pacific Subtropical High is strengthened during the mature ENSO phase. Anomalous sinking motions and divergent water vapour flux occupy the YRB, reducing the precipitation and leading to the dry condition in the source region until the following March–May. On the other hand, ascending movements and abundant water vapour flux coming from northern Pacific, equatorial western Pacific and the Bay of Bengal result in the wet condition in the mid‐lower reaches.
Projected changes in extreme warm and cold temperatures in China from 1.5 to 5°C global warming
Authors: Hu Ting , Sun Ying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLinking regional extreme temperature changes to global warming levels is important for understanding the impacts of global emission targets on regional climate. Here, we investigate how the temperature extremes in China change with different global warming levels using large ensemble runs from Canadian Earth System Model version 2. With the global mean near‐surface temperature increasing from 1.5 to 5°C above the preindustrial level, the absolute intensity of the warmest and coldest temperatures in China will change linearly, while the percentile‐based frequency of warm and cold temperatures will change nonlinearly. All the changes in the intensity and the frequency show clear regional differences, with the most obvious changes observed in northeastern China. The probability distribution functions (PDFs) for the intensity indices show clear shifts but with little change in shape, while the PDFs for the frequency indices show changes in both position and shape. Quantified analyses of risk ratio show that the risk changes in the frequency of temperature extremes will be larger than those for the intensity indices. The changes in the nighttime extremes are faster than those in the daytime extremes. The rarer the event is, the larger the change in the risk ratio. At the 2°C warming level, the cold days and nights with return periods of 5, 10, and 50 years in the current climate will become almost disappeared. At the 3°C level and beyond, the once‐in‐5‐year, 10‐year and 50‐year warm events in the current climate will occur every year.
Sourcing structures and the execution efficiency of information technology projects: A comparative evaluation using stochastic frontier analysis
Authors: Mishra Anant , Sinha Kingshuk K. , Thirumalai Sriram , Van de Ven Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the pursuit of low‐wage labor and access to technical talent, information technology (IT) projects today are often executed with sourcing structures that span the boundaries of a firm, a country, or both. Although the strategic implications of sourcing structures have received considerable attention in theory and practice, their implications from a project execution standpoint—specifically, in terms of execution efficiency—remain under‐researched. Based on a large primary dataset on IT projects with distributed sourcing structures, this paper documents the findings of a theoretically grounded, empirical investigation using stochastic frontier analysis that evaluates whether and to what extent does the execution efficiency of projects vary across various types of sourcing structures (namely, Domestic‐Insourcing, Domestic‐Outsourcing, Offshore‐Insourcing, and Offshore‐Outsourcing). The results provide support for differential effects of crossing a firm or country boundary, or both boundaries, on the execution efficiency of IT projects. Specifically, we find that the execution efficiency of IT projects is significantly lower when their sourcing structures cross a country boundary (Offshore‐Insourcing and Offshore‐Outsourcing) relative to when their sourcing structures do not cross a country boundary (Domestic‐Insourcing and Domestic‐Outsourcing). Notwithstanding these trends across sourcing structures, a split‐sample analysis of execution efficiency levels reveals that each structure presents a viable alternative for managers to realize high levels of execution efficiency. Finally, additional analysis highlights the benefits of sourcing structure capabilities—as represented by the extent of risk management planning and agile project management—in improving execution efficiency in IT projects that cross a country boundary.
External Compression and Partial Ischemia Decrease Human Finger Flexor Tendon and Subsynovial Connective Tissue Relative Motion
Authors: Tse Calvin T. F. , Keir Peter J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTCumulative shear strain of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) surrounding finger flexor tendons plays a significant role in the development and progression of carpal tunnel syndrome. Biomechanical risk factors can alter tendon‐SSCT shear strain but the effects of external mechanical compression and localized ischemia have yet to be investigated. In a laboratory study with 19 healthy participants, color Doppler ultrasound imaging was used to quantify relative motion between the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and SSCT during repetitive finger flexion–extension under various conditions of external mechanical compression (palmar and forearm compression), ischemia and different movement speeds (0.75 and 1.25 Hz). Forearm compression reduced tendon displacement (baseline = 28.5 ± 4.1 mm vs. forearm = 27.0 ± 4.6 mm; p = 0.043) and showed a trend for reduced SSCT displacement, while palmar compression had no significant effects on tendon‐SSCT motion. Compared with baseline, partial ischemia decreased SSCT displacement (baseline = 22.9 ± 3.3 mm vs. ischemia = 22.0 ± 3.3 mm; p = 0.015), while tendon displacement remained unchanged. In all experimental conditions, faster movements elicited greater tendon‐SSCT relative motion. Our findings suggest that palmar compression may not negatively impact tendon‐SSCT relative motion, but forearm compression may require further investigation. Localized ischemia in the forearm may alter the gliding conditions within the carpal tunnel and affect tendon‐SSCT relative motion, which bridges an important gap between blood flow in the carpal tunnel and shear injury risk. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature, supporting the role that cumulative tendon‐SSCT shear injury may have on the pathomechanics of carpal tunnel syndrome. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1038‐1044, 2020
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering as a tool to study cationic surfactants exhibiting low critical micelle concentration
Authors: Mathioudakis George N. , Soto Beobide Amaia , Bokias Georgios , Koutsoukos Petros G. , Voyiatzis George A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe collection of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by silver nanocolloids was used to identify the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of three cationic surfactants in 0.5‐M NaCl solutions: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and benzalkonium chloride. Despite structural similarity between the three test surfactans, differences of the shape and size of the respective micelles affected the corresponding SERS signals. The CMC values determined by this method agreed with the respective values measured by conventional methods, including fluorescence probing and electrical conductivity measurements. The potential for the application of SERS technique for low CMC determination without surface modification of silver nanoparticles by a Raman‐active molecule was also demonstrated.
An archaeometric study of a Late Neolithic cup and coeval and Chalcolithic ceramic sherds found in the São Paulo Cave, Almada, Portugal
Authors: Vieira Ferreira L.F. , Barros L. , Ferreira Machado I. , Pereira M.F.C. , Casimiro T.M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA detailed archaeometric study of a Late Neolithic cup found in the São Paulo Cave, Almada, Portugal, has been made, which, according to its unique decorative characteristics, may have had a ceremonial and symbolic utilization. Other 23 sherds, collected around the cup, dated early and late Chalcolithic periods, have also been studied. The conjugation of the information provided by the Raman, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray fluorescence emission experiments for the locally collected cup, sherds, and clays, with emphasis on the analysis of the ceramic bodies, allowed the characterization of the artefacts. In the reddish, brownish, or black parts of the surface of the cup, haematite, magnetite, and carbon black pigments were identified, whereas in the whitish parts, quartz was the most common mineral. Three main groups could be identified in the ceramic bodies, although all were made with the use of locally collected clays. In the first group, where the Neolithic cup is included, the potters used Miocene clays, most probably from the Palença clay sources, which were fired at a high temperature of about 950°C. The second group was also produced with raw materials of Miocene origin but the firing temperature was much lower, around 800°C, as revealed by the existing amount of muscovite. The third group, with clays of a Pliocene origin, exhibited a much lower content of calcium carbonate, as evaluated by the R index ([SiO2 + Al2O3 + K2O]/CaO), considered as ceramic raw material or a geological source indicator. These clays contain high amounts of kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, microcline, and anatase.
Single‐layer multiple‐kernel‐based convolutional neural network for biological Raman spectral analysis
Authors: Sohn Won Bum , Lee Soo Yeol , Kim Soogeun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we propose a single‐layer multiple‐kernel‐based convolutional neural network (SLMK‐CNN) as an analysis tool for biological Raman spectra. We investigated the characteristics of SLMK‐CNN and then analyzed and classified the biological Raman spectra by optimizing the structure of SLMK‐CNN. We have found that the kernel size used in SLMMK‐CNN plays an important role in changing the characteristics of Raman spectra such as intensity and peak position. As a result, the kernel size affects the classification performance and histological interpretation of biological Raman spectra. We also evaluated the classification performance of SLMK‐CNN using Raman spectra obtained from the porcine skin samples irradiated by an ultraviolet (UV) source for different time. For three sample groups according to UV irradiation time (0, 10, and 24 hr), SLMK‐CNN showed the classification accuracy of 96.4% and 92.5% for the preprocessed and raw Raman spectra, respectively. This is superior to other classification methods such as single‐layer single‐kernel‐based CNN and principal component‐linear discriminant analysis in this study.
Directed Self‐Assembly of Patchy Microgels into Anisotropic Nanostructures
Authors: Xu Jianchang , Wang Zhikun , Zhang Fusheng , Peng Shiyuan , Zhang Jing , Zhang Lijuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMulti‐geometry nanostructures with high‐order, complex, and controllable geometries have attracted extensive attention in the development of functional nanomaterials. A simple and versatile strategy is proposed to construct various anisotropic nanostructures through the directed self‐assembly (DSA) of patchy microgels. A general criterion for interaction parameters is developed by the variance analysis method to achieve the formation of 1D nanorods by the single directional DSA process, and 2D or 3D polymorphs including V/T/h/cross shapes, multiple arms, multi‐directional bending, single/multiple rings, nanocages, etc., by the multi‐directional DSA process of binary microgel blends. At the optimum interaction parameters, the nanorods exhibit the quickest formation process and the most thermodynamically stable geometry, while the various 2D or 3D assemblies exhibit controlled jointing behaviors for versatile assembly geometries. The number of recognition sites on the patchy microgel surface guides the aggregation modes of microgels during the DSA process. These assemblies can bear large curvature variance with the increase of shear rates due to the high flexibility and the ability of adjusting orientation spontaneously. The DSA behavior of patchy microgels differs from the traditional self‐assembly process of block copolymers, which may open a new route for guiding the formation of controllable nanoparticle architectures.
Polyester Stereocomplexes Beyond PLA: Could Synthetic Opportunities Revolutionize Established Material Blending?
Authors: Bandelli Damiano , Alex Julien , Weber Christine , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis review summarizes the current literature regarding stereocomplexation of different polyesters based on α‐ as well as β‐hydroxy acids beyond the well‐known poly(lactic acid). Representing the initial step toward stereocomplexation, synthetic approaches needed to obtain and analyze isotactic polyesters are summarized. The basic technologies for the preparation and characterization of the respective stereocomplexes (SCs) are described, and published material properties are related to the structure of the respective polyesters. The variety of available SC materials is very limited despite the multiple options provided by state‐of‐the‐art stereoselective monomer synthesis and polymerization methods. A combination of knowledge from the three scientific areas (i.e., organic chemistry, synthetic macromolecular chemistry, and materials science) thus has enormous potential to create novel materials with additional features enabled by the introduction of functional moieties to such materials besides the adjustment of thermal as well as mechanical properties.