bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rencana Pemisahan Catalonia dari Spanyol Ditinjau dari Prinsip Self-Determination
Authors: Ma’arif Mochamad Ardhi , Dewanto Wisnu Aryo , Tarigan Muhammad Insan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract—This Study discussed the problem whether the secession of Catalonia from Spain is in accordance with the self-determination principle in the International Law. This study used a legal, concept and case approach and concluded as follows: Catalonia was able to separate them selves from the parent nation according to the self-determination principle by making a referendum. This act of making a referendum was a way for the Catalonia society to state their opinion. This condition was in accordance with the self-determination principle in the international law because the right for secession may occur in a certain condition other than the context of decolonization. When a country is retricted by the reigning government in savoring internal self-determination (in obtaining political, economic, social and cultural status), then the country may perform a secession from the parent nation. The requierements of self-determination in the Catalonia and Spain case were political, economic, social and cultural aspects. Afterwards, Catalonia needed full fill the requirements stated in Article 1 of the 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, and they need to get a recognition from another country.
Keywords : secession, referendum, self-determination principle, recognation
Abstrak—Penelitian berjudul rencana pemisahan Catalonia dari Spanyol di tinjau dari prinsip self-determination, dengan membahas permasalahan apakah pemisahan diri Catalonia dari Spanyol sesuai dengan prinsip self-determination dalam hukum internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang, konsep dan kasus, sehingga diperoleh suatu kesimpulan bahwa Catalonia bisa memisahkan diri dari Spanyol sesuai dengan prinsip self-determination dengan melakukan referendum. Referendum adalah suatu cara masyarakat Catalonia untuk menyampaikan pendapat. Hal ini sesuai dengan prinsip self-determination dalam hukum internasional, karena hak untuk memisahkan diri bisa muncul dalam keadaan khusus, selain dalam konteks dekolonisasi. Ketika suatu bangsa dihalangi haknya oleh pemerintah yang berkuasa dalam menikmati internal self-determination (untuk mendapatkan status politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya), maka sebagai jalan terakhir yang diperbolehkan dalam hukum internasional adalah upaya melepaskan diri dari negara tersebut. Syarat-syarat self-determination dalam kasus Catalonia dengan Spanyol yang ingin memisahkan diri adalah aspek politik, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Setelah itu Catalonia harus sesuai dengan Konvensi Montevideo Tentang Hak dan Tugas Negara Tahun 1933 Pada Pasal 1 yaitu syarat terbentuknya suatu negara, dan terakhir Catalonia harus mendapatkan pengakuan dari sebuah negara.
Kata kunci : pemisahan diri, referendum, prinsip self-determination, pengakuan
Nutritional Analysis and Phytochemical Evaluation of Bitter Gourd (<em>Momordica Charantia</em>) from Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Robiul Hasan , Barua Rashu , Talukder Ehsan Uddin , Islam Mohammad Sayedul , Yesmin Farhana , Chakma Kanchan , Kabir Golam , Bhuyan Robiul Hasan 
Published: May 2020

Momordica charantia (M. charantia) is commonly referred to as Bitter Gourd, Karela and balsam-pear, is a very familiar vegetable and widely cultivate in Bangladesh. It has long been used as a traditional medicine for some ailments. Nutritional compositions and phytochemical constituents of two selected hybrid varieties of M. charantia (TIA and GOJNEE) from Bangladesh were analysed using standard analytical methods. The proximate composition like moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fibre and crude protein contents were showed as percentage. The study results showed that the two varieties of this M. charantia are good source of minerals such as Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Chromium (Cr). Calcium and iron concentrations were higher in both varieties. And their concentrations were 2.35 and 1.04 ppm in GOJNEE, and 2.24 and 0.87 ppm in TIA, respectively. Phytochemicals constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were found in both varieties of M. charantia. Quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponin were 0.05, 2.001 and 5.02 % in seeds of GOJNEE and 0.012, 1.72 and 3.27 % in seed of TIA. Total phenolic content was also determined and found that the highest contents were in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts in both varieties. Our study result indicates the presence of nutritional and phytochemical constituents which are beneficial for our health along with the medicinal values.
Effect of Education on Behavior About Head Lice on Students In East Jakarta
Authors: Khamaruddin Salbiah , Daulay Warida , Sukamti Sri , Suparni  
Published: May 2020

Pediculosis Capitis is a skin and head hair infestation caused by Pediculus humanus var. capitis which belongs to the family Pediculidae. This parasite lives on the scalp, predilection mainly on the back of the head (occipital) and behind the ear (retroauricular). The eggs (nits) are attached to the base of the head hair shaft. Usually these parasites attack children and women with long hair. This parasite is an obligate parasite, meaning that it must suck human blood in order to maintain its life (Djuanda et al, 2013; Irianto, 2009). This study was to determine the effect of providing education on prevention and eradication of pediculosis capitis on changes in student behavior. The study was conducted at the Al Hamid Islamic boarding school in East Jakarta on 60 students infected with Pediculosis Capitis in March to August 2019. The type of research used was a quasi experiment with one group post-test and pre-test design to see whether or not the influence of education and treatment of behavior with the incidence of Pediculosis Capitis. Data analysis was performed by t-test which aims to analyze the differences in behavior before and after with a degree of significance (alpha) = 0.05. The results showed that there were differences in the average value of behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) of students before and after the intervention of 3.33. There was a significant difference between students' behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) before and after the intervention with a p value <0.05. It is recommended that routine checks (skrenning) of the presence of Pediculosis capitis occur in students living in the dormitory to prevent wider transmission.
Keywords: Pediculosis capitis, education, behavior
How Well Do Medical Students at the Regional Medical Campus Match?: A 6-year Analysis at a Single Medical School.
Authors: Wong Jeffrey G , Flanagan Michael P , Horn Kristen 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Anecdotally, some students and faculty members alike have at times expressed concern that medical students who train at Regional Medical Campuses (RMC) will be disadvantaged in the National Residency Matching Program (NRMP), and may not achieve the same level of success as their peers at the main academic medical center. This project was undertaken to examine the validity of these concerns at the RMC affiliated with the Penn State Hershey College of Medicine (PSCOM).
Methods:
Results from the annual NRMP process were analyzed over a 6-year period (2014-2019), for both the main Hershey Campus (HC) and University Park Regional Campus (UPRC). Comparisons included the types of residencies selected, percent of students matching instate, percent matching in primary care specialties, and number having to participate in the supplemental offer and acceptance process (SOAP). All results were expressed as simple percentages.
Results:
During the study period, 819 students graduated from PSCOM (723 - Hershey Campus, 96 - UPRC). In total, 28 of the 723 Hershey Campus graduates (3.9%) and 1 of the 96 UPRC graduates (1%) went through the SOAP process. UPRC students were more likely to match into primary care specialties (44.8% (UPRC) vs 33.2% (Hershey Campus), defined as Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Medicine and Obstetrics-Gynecology, as well as stay within the state of Pennsylvania for their residency (34.4% - UPRC vs 31.7% - Hershey Campus). While the UPRC students more frequently matched into primary care specialties, several matched into highly competitive specialties, including ophthalmology, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, diagnostic radiology, and neurosurgery.
Conclusions:
Concerns frequently expressed regarding a successful match for students studying at regional medical campuses are not supported by our findings. Compared to their main campus peers, the UPRC medical students have been equally successful in the NRMP match.
Expansion of the feedstock base for the production of diesel fuel by involving the heavy fractions and cold flow improvers
Authors: Kirgina Maria , Bogdanov Ilya , Belinskaya Nataliya , Altynov Andrey , Morozova Yana 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the viability of expanding the feedstock base of diesel fuel production by the involvement of the heavy diesel fraction and the use of cold flow improvers was shown. The influence of the heavy diesel fraction content in the diesel fuel composition on its low-temperature properties and the effectiveness of the cold flow improver were studied. It was established that the involvement of a small amount of the heavy diesel fraction (up to 3 vol%) increases the effectiveness of the cold flow improver in relation to the cold filter plugging point. The following recipes of diesel fuel production were recommended: the involvement of up to 5 vol% heavy diesel fraction allows producing fuel of the summer grade; the involvement of up to 5 vol% heavy diesel fraction and the cold flow improver allows producing fuel of the inter-season grade; and the involvement of up to 3 vol% heavy diesel fraction and the cold flow improver to produce fuel of the winter grade.
Peran Budidaya Madu Kelulut Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Keluarga di Desa Sungai Pagar
Authors: Vaulina Sisca , Ulpah Saripah , Elida Septina , Kurniati Sri Ayu 
Published: May 2020

Kegiatan pengembangan ternak lebah madu khususnya madu hutan skala rakyat sudah dilakukan di Desa Sungai Pagar Kecamatan Kampar Kiri Hilir Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau. Daerah ini sangat baik bagi pengembangan lebah madu hutan yang ditandai dengan 85 % dari luas lahan merupakan perkebunan yang menghasilkan tanaman bunga sebagai sumber pakan lebah madu, adanya sumber air yang dibutuhkan lebah madu dan adanya bahan pembuatan sarang yang mudah untuk didapatkan. Peternak madu hutan telah mengenal madu kelulut karena harga jual relative lebih mahal, namun masih minim pengetahuan tentang madu kelulut ini, baik dalam aspek budidaya maupun dalam aspek ekonominya. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berupa penyuluhan kepada peternak madu terhadap peran budidaya madu kelulut dalam meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Berdasarkan pada analisis situasi yang dikemukakan diatas, maka dapat diidentifikasi bahwa peternak madu hutan di Desa Sungai Pagar masih perlu pengerahuan dan keterampilan dalam teknik budidaya madu kelulut, karena kegiatannya baru dimulai serta pengetahuan bahwa madu kelulut lebih menjanjikan kedepannya. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan oleh tim dosen Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Riau pada Tanggal 22 Juli 2019. Tema kegiatan adalah sosialiasi mengenai peran madu kelulut dalam meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga di Desa Sungai Pagar Kecamatan Kampar Kiri Hilir Kabupaten Kampar Propinsi Riau. Manfaat pengabdian ini: (1) Dapat membekali peternak madu untuk lebih memiliki pengetahuan tentang madu kelulut sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan pendapatannya sebagai peternak madu.; (2) Sumbangan pemikiran untuk lebih mengembangkan budidaya madu kelulut sesuai dengan standar umum budidaya madu, sehingga produksi dapat lebih ditingkatkan.
Metabolic profiling and biological activities of Artabotrys hexapetalus leaves
Authors: Balamurugan Pandiyan  , Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav  , Lukmanul Hakkim Faruck  , Hamid Bakshi  
Published: May 2020

Artabotrys hexapetalus, an endemic shrub in India producing fragrant flowers belongs to Annonaceae family and is mainly used traditionally for the treatment of cholera and scrofula. Present study reveals antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Artabotrys hexapetalus.To screening and evaluate the major secondary metabolites presents, antioxidant, anticancer potential by in vitro assay in A.hexapetalus leaves.All successive extracts of Artabotrys hexapetalus with ethyl ethanoate, chloroform, methanol, ethanol were obtained by Soxhlet method and subjected to phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity. Antibacterial activity and anticancer activity were determined by Disc diffusion and MTT methods respectively. Compared to other solvents extracts, the methanol extract of A.hexapetalus contains the higher phenolic content (48.45 µg/mg), flavonoid content (49.15 µg/mg) and potential antioxidant capacity (IC50:10.15 ± 0.85 µg/mg). Due to high potential of methanol extract of A hexapetalus was subjected to separation of active molecules. Further, trisaccharide, n-Hexadecanoic acid and Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecenoic acid was isolated and charecterised by UV-vis, FT-IR, NMR spectral studies. Trisaccharide and partially separated fractions from A.hexapetalus contains higher antioxidant, anticancer (MCF-7) and antimicrobial activity. Here we conclude that, the methanol extract of A.hexapetalus leaves and their fractions possess highly activities against various free radicals, human pathogens and cancer cell line (MCF-7). This is the primary lead to make a new biological agent from A.hexapetalus leaves.
The surgical intervention of thoracic aortic aneurysm among octogenarians and over: A Single center study
Authors: Furui Masato , Sakaguchi Shoji , Akhtar Kunwar Muhammad Aqeel , Muhammad Imran  , Kakii Bunpachi , Uchino Gaku , Asanuma Mai , Yoshida Takeshi 
Published: May 2020

Background: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a minimally invasive procedure to repair the major blood vessel in the body i.e. aorta. This minimally invasive approach is considered as a better option in comparison to the open-heart surgery by among octogenarians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the trends of postoperative complications among octogenarians and nonagenarians with arch, descending, or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.
Methodology: This interventional, single center study initially included a total of 329 consecutive patients with arch, descending, or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. The study was conducted at Matsubara Tokushukai Hospital, Japan between May 2005 to November 2018. Of the total, 129 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. 32 patients were excluded as they didn’t provide consent for the surgical intervention and preferred conservative medical treatment only. While the remaining 97 patients had operative indications, 64 of these were treated with TEVAR (SG group) and 33 were treated with open surgery (OS group). Early and late outcomes and the relation with bedridden status were examined retrospectively. Data was analyzed using JMP 9.0 software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC).
Results: Among the enrolled patients 49.5% were males and 50.5% were females. Decreased complications were observed among the patients of SG group as compared to the OS group. The highest mortality 69% was noted among the group treated with medical therapy alone with the confidence of interval of 95%. Furthermore, most of the patients in the OS group developed a complication of cerebral infarction and also needed tracheotomy during long-term hospital stay. Moreover, deaths occurring in bedridden patients were more common in the OS group than the SG group respectively.
Conclusion: It is concluded that SG is a better therapeutic approach as compared to the OS and the conservative therapy alone.
Research awareness among dental undergraduates; A cross-sectional study conducted at Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi
Authors: Kashif Mehwash , Zareef Uzma , Aftab Mehreen , Irfan Khan Sadia , Abul  Barakat Afifia 
Published: May 2020

Background: Research is an integral part of the academic curriculum; its role must be appreciated in all health and medical field. The current study was planned in order to evaluate the interest of dental students towards research and their awareness.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2018 at Karachi Medical and Dental College (KMDC). A total of 200 bachelors of dental surgery (BDS) students were recruited as per the inclusion criteria. Non-consenting students were excluded from the study. Data regarding research understanding and awareness was collected and analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0.
Results: Majority of the study participants were female 89% and males 11%, females were in high proportion among all professional years. i.e. 27%, 21%, 25.5% & 15.5% from 1st year to 4th year respectively. Mostly the 2nd & 3rd year students were aware of the research needs 97.7% and 100%. The research interest was most among the students of the initial years while among 4th years students it was comparatively less i.e. 78.3%. All of the students from 1st year to 3rd responded in favor of research usefulness in career while only 67.5% of the final year students were lacking this basic knowledge. Moreover, the benefits of research were well known among students of all years with the highest understanding among the 2nd and 3rd year (97.7% and 94.4%).
Conclusion: It is evident from the study results that the enrolled dental students were aware of research significance, its professional importance and showed positivity towards research interest. The inclusion and implementation of research among dental students is essential for promoting research culture in medical students.
Karakteristik Nugget Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) dengan Penambahan Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea batatas)
Authors: Sormin Raja Bonan Dolok , Gasperz Febe , Woriwun Syanne 
Published: May 2020

This study was aimed to study the characteristics of tuna (Thunnus sp.) chunks nugget supplemented with purple sweet potato as filler both subjectively and objectively. A three-treatment experiment with five replications was applied in this research. Parameters tested included sensory test (aroma, taste, and texture), proximate analysis (moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate contents). The treatment of purple sweet potato as filler on tuna fish nugget was found to influence the quality of the nugget. The result of the sensory test showed that treatment of 10%:90% purple sweet potato to tuna chunks had the highest score on aroma, taste, and texture than 20%:80% and 30%:70%. This was due to the higher proportion of tuna chunks resulted in distinctive nuggets aroma, tasty, and firm texture when it was bitten. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the addition of purple sweet potato on tuna nuggets had a very significant effect on protein, fat, and ash contents. The higher the percentage of purple sweet potato added to tuna nugget, the smaller the protein content and the ash content. However, the addition of purple sweet potato did not affect the moisture content of tuna nuggets. Overall, the proximate content of tuna nuggets in this study was found to meet the standard recommended by SNI for fish nuggets.
Keywords: characteristics, nugget, sensory, proximate, purple sweet potato

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik nugget tetelan ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) dengan penambahan ubi ungu baik secara subjektif maupun objektif. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen dengan tiga perlakuan dan lima kali ulangan. Parameter uji terdiri dari: uji organoleptik (aroma, rasa, dan tekstur), uji proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan kadar karbohidrat). Perlakuan penambahan ubi ungu pada nugget tetelan ikan tuna mengakibatkan perbedaan mutu pada nugget yang dihasilkan. Hasil organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbandingan konsentrasi ubi ungu:tetelan ikan tuna 10%:90%, memiliki aroma, rasa dan tekstur yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan perlakuan perbandingan konsentrasi ubi ungu:tetelan ikan tuna 20%:80% dan 30%:70%. Panelis lebih menyukai perlakuan perbandingan konsentrasi ubi ungu:tetelan ikan tuna 10%:90%, hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan tetelan ikan membuat nugget beraroma khas, rasanya gurih serta teksturnya tidak hancur ketika digigit. Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ubi ungu pada pembuatan nugget ikan tuna berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar protein, kadar lemak dan kadar abu. Persentasi ubi ungu pada nugget ikan tuna semakin besar maka kadar protein, kadar abu semakin kecil, namun penambahan ubi ungu tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar air nugget tuna. Nilai proksimat nugget ikan tuna secara keseluruhan dari hasil penelitian ini berada pada standar yang di anjurkan oleh SNI nugget ikan.
Kata kunci: karakteristik, nugget, organoleptik, proksimat, ubi ungu
Karakteristik Pektin Kulit Pisang Tongka Langit (Musa troglodytarum) Berdasarkan Variasi Waktu Ekstraksi
Authors: Picauly Priscilia , Tetelepta Gilian 
Published: May 2020

Tongka langit banana peel is an organic waste that has not been widely used by the community and has a pectin content of about 10.41%. Pectin extraction from banana peels should thus be done effectively to utilize waste. The objective of this research was to characterize the properties of pectin extracted from banana tongka langit peel with the different extraction times. A completely randomized experimental design with 3 level treatment extraction time of banana tongka langit peel, i.e., 1 hour, 1,5 hours, and 2 hours with three replicates was applied in this research. The properties evaluated, including equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonate acid, esterification degree, yield, moisture content, and ash content. Result showed that equivalent weight (757.88 mg, 735.48 mg, and 699.8 mg), methoxyl content (5.10%, 5.17%, and 5.44%), galacturonate acid (52.22%, 53.32%, and 56.08%), esterification degree (55.07%, 55.12%, and 55.43%), moisture content (9.99%, 9.90%, and 9.85%), ash (6.17%, 6.23%, and 6,46%), and yield (8.35%, 8.93%, and 9.2%).
Keywords: banana tongka langit peel, pectin, extraction time

ABSTRAK
Kulit pisang tongka langit merupakan limbah organik yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dan memiliki kandungan pektin sebanyak 10,41%. Ekstraksi pektin dari kulit pisang tongka langit harus dilakukan secara efektif dalam memanfaatkan limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi pektin kulit pisang tongka langit berdasarkan waktu ekstraksi pektin yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari tiga tingkat perlakuan waktu ekstraksi pektin kulit pisang tongka langit yaitu 1 jam, 1,5 jam, dan 2 jam dengan 3 kali ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap berat ekuivalen, kadar metoksil, kadar asam galakturonat, derajat esterifikasi, rendemen, kadar air, dan kadar abu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai berat ekuivalen (757,88% mg, 735,48 mg, dan 699,80 mg), kadar metoksil (5,10%, 5,17%, dan 5,44%), kadar asam galakturonat (52,22%, 53,32%, dan 56,08%), nilai derajat esterifikasi (55,07%, 55,12%, dan 55,43%), kadar air (9,99%, 9,90%, dan 9,85%), kadar abu (6,17%, 6,23%, dan 6,46%), dan rendemen (8,35%, 8,93%, dan 9,2%).
Kata kunci: kulit pisang tongka langit, pektin, waktu ekstraksi