bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of LTF, ENAM, and AMELX polymorphisms with dental caries susceptibility: A meta-analysis
Authors: Sharifi Roohollah , Jahedi Sajjad , Mozaffari Hamid Reza , Imani Mohammad Moslem , Sadeghi Masuod , Golshah Amin , Moradpoor Hedaiat , Safaei Mohsen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis evaluated the association of LTF, ENAM, and AMELX polymorphisms with dental caries susceptibility. Methods: We searched the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to retrieve articles published by October 2019. Review Manager 5.3 software was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results of publication bias tests were retrieved by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0 software. Results: A total of 150 relevant records were identified; out of which, 16 were entered into the analysis (4 studies assessed LTF, 11 ENAM, and 11 AMELX polymorphisms). Of all polymorphisms, there was a significant association only between ENAM rs3796704 polymorphism and dental caries susceptibility. Both ENAM rs3796704 and AMELX rs17878486 polymorphisms had a significant association with dental caries risk in the Caucasian ethnicity and the studies including caries-free control group. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis showed that the G allele and the GG genotype of ENAM rs3796704 were associated with an increased risk of caries in the case group compared with the control group. But there was no association between LTF rs1126478, ENAM (rs1264848 and rs3796703), and AMELX (rs946252, rs17878486, and rs2106416) polymorphisms and dental caries susceptibility.
Accounting for regional transmission variability and the impact of malaria control interventions in Ghana: A population level mathematical modelling approach.
Authors: Awine Timothy , Silal Sheetal P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Assessing the effectiveness of malaria control measures in Ghana will require taking transmission dynamics of the disease into account given the influence of climate variability in the region of interest. The impact of preventative interventions on malaria incidence and the prospects of meeting program timelines in Ghana were investigated using mathematical models based on regionally diverse climatic zones. Methods An ordinary non-linear differential equation models with their associated rate parameters were developed incorporating the transitions between various disease compartments for three ecological zones in Ghana. Models were fitted using data from the District Health Information Management System in Ghana from 2008 to 2017 and historical intervention coverage levels. To calibrate the models, Approximate Bayesian Computational sampling approach with a distance based rejection criteria was adopted. A leave-one-out approach was used to validate model parameters and the most sensitive evaluated using a multivariate regression sensitivity analysis. The impact of insecticide treated bed nets and their usage and indoor residual spraying as well as their protective efficacy on the incidence of malaria were simulated at various levels of coverage and protective effectiveness in each ecological zone to investigate the prospects of achieving goals of the malaria control strategy for 2014-2020. Results Increasing the coverage levels of both long lasting insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying activities without a corresponding increase in their recommended usage does not impact highly on averting predicted incidence of malaria. Improving upon the protective efficacy of long lasting insecticide treated bed nets through proper usage could lead to substantial reductions in the predicted incidence of malaria. Similar results were obtained with indoor residual spraying across all zones.Conclusions Projected goals set in the national strategic plan for malaria control 2014-2020 as well as WHO targets for malaria pre-elimination by 2030 are only likely to be achieved if a substantial improvement in treated bed net usage is achieved coupled with targeted deployment of indoor residual spraying with high community acceptability and efficacy. Key words: model, malaria, interventions, long lasting insecticide bednets, indoor residual spraying
Multiple Alu exonizations in 3’UTR of a primate specific isoform of CYP20A1 creates a potential miRNA sponge
Authors: Bhattacharya Aniket , Jha Vineet , Singhal Khushboo , Fatima Mahar , Singh Dayanidhi , Chaturvedi Gaura , Dholakia Dhwani , Kutum Rintu , Pandey Rajesh , Bakken Trygve E. , Seth Pankaj , Pillai Beena , Mukerji Mitali 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Alu repeats contribute to phylogenetic novelties in conserved regulatory networks in primates. Exaptation of Alus in transcript isoforms could nucleate large-scale mRNA-miRNA interactions and modulate cellular outcomes. Result: Using a functional genomics approach, we report a transcript isoform of an orphan gene, CYP20A1 (CYP20A1_Alu-LT) that arise through exonization of 23 Alus in 3’UTR and is expressed in higher primates. CYP20A1_Alu-LT, confirmed by 3’RACE, is an outlier in length (9kb) and is expressed in multiple cell lines. We demonstrate its presence in single nucleus RNA-seq of ~16000 human cortical neurons (including rosehip neurons). Most strikingly, miRanda predicts ~4700 miRNA recognition elements (MREs; with threshold< -25kcal/mol) for ~1000 miRNAs, which have primarily originated within the 3’UTR-Alus post exonization. CYP20A1_Alu-LT could be a potential multi- miRNA sponge as it harbours - ≥10 MREs for 140 miRNAs and has cytosolic localization. In order to test this further, we explored whether expression of CYP20A1_Alu-LT correlates with genome wide mRNAs harboring similar MRE targets. We carried out RNAseq with conjoint miRNAseq analysis in primary human neurons as we observed CYP20A1_Alu-LT to be downregulated during heat shock response and upregulated in HIV1-Tat treatment. CYP20A1_Alu-LT expression was positively correlated with 380 genes that were significantly downregulated in heat shock and upregulated in Tat and harboured MREs for a set of nine expressed miRNAs that were also enriched in CYP20A1_Alu-LT. The enrichment of MREs in the 380 genes were significant compared to random sets of expressed (p=4.716e-12) as well as differentially expressed genes (p=8.134e-12). Gene ontology revealed involvement of these genes in neuronal development and hemostasis pathways. Conclusion: We demonstrate a potential role for CYP20A1_Alu-LT as miRNA sponge due to significant enrichment of MREs within Alus in a transcript isoform specific manner. This highlights a novel component of Alu-miRNA mediated transcriptional modulation that could govern specific physiological outcomes in higher primates.
Heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (LeGPA1) confers cold stress tolerance in Processing tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Juju , Guo Xinyong , Zhang Zhanwen , He Ping , Wang Wenwen , Wang Mei , Wang Aiying , Zhu Jianbo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) are key foods and are also commonly explored in studies of molecular biology and evolution. The plant originates from the tropics, thus is sensitive to cold, and its growth and development are easily affected by cold stress.
Results
In this study, LeGPA1 was cloned from tomato leaves and used to generate LeGPA1-overexpressing and RNA-interference-expressing transgenic plants. The function and expression of LeGPA1 in response to cold stress were assessed. Subcellular localization analysis identified functional LeGPA1 on the plasma membrane. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that endogenous LeGPA1 was highly expressed in the roots and leaves. Cold treatment positively induced the expression of LeGPA1. The overexpression of LeGPA1 conferred tolerance to cold conditions and regulated the expression of genes related to the ICE(INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION)- CBF(C-REPEAT-BINDING FACTOR) pathway in tomato plants. In the LeGPA1-overexpressed transgenic plants, antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble sugar and proline contents increased, and the production of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation decreased under cold stress.
Conclusions
This suggests that better antioxidant systems can cope with oxidative damage caused by cold stress, thereby stabilizing cell membrane structures and increasing the rate of photosynthesis. These findings provide evidence for the key role of LeGPA1 in mediating cold signal transduction in plant cells. These findings extend our knowledge of the roles of G-proteins in plants and help to clarify the mechanisms through which processing tomato plants can regulate growth and development.
Disclosure of Medical Errors: Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) in an Oncology Center
Authors: Mansour Razan , Ammar Khawlah , Al-Tabba’ Amal , Arawi Thalia , Mansour Asem , Al-Hussaini Maysa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Between the need for transparency in healthcare widely promoted by patient’s safety campaigns and the fear of negative consequences and malpractice threats, physicians find themselves faced with challenging decisions on whether to disclose medical errors to patients and families or not. We aim to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of physicians in our center towards medical error disclosure.Methods: This is a cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire study. The questionnaire was piloted and no major modifications were made. A day-long training workshop consisting of didactic lectures, short and long case scenarios with role playing and feedback from the instructors were conducted. Physicians who attended the training workshops were invited to complete the questionnaire at the end of the training and physicians who did not attend any training were sent a copy of the questionnaire to their offices to complete. To assure anonymity and transparency of responses, we did not query names or departments.Descriptive statistics were used to present demographics and KAP. The differences between response\s of physicians who received the training and those who did not were analyzed with t-test and descriptive statistics. The 0.05 level of significance was used as a cutoff measure for statistical significance. Results: Eighty-eight physicians completed the questionnaire (55 attended training (62.50%), and 33 did not (37.50%)). 65.5% of physicians were males and mean years of experience was 16.5 years. 86.9% (n=73) of physicians were more likely to report major harm, compared to minor harm or no harm. Physicians who attended the workshop were more knowledgeable of articles of Jordan’s Law on Medical and Health Liability (66.7% vs 45.5%, p-value = 0.017) and the Law were more likely to affect their decision on error disclosure (61.8% vs 36.4%, p-value= 0.024).Conclusion: Formal training workshops on disclosing medical errors have the power to positively influence physicians’ KAP toward disclosing medical errors to patients and possibly promoting a culture of transparency in the healthcare system.
Cetuximab-Conjugated Perfluorohexane/Gold Nanoparticles for Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Diagnosis Ablation of Thyroid Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ma Yue , Wang Lingling , Li Haixia , Cheng Wen , Zheng Xiulan , Liu Ying 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chemotherapeutic efficacy can be significantly developed nanotheranostics systems of drug delivery in tumor cells. In this work, we have demonstrated that the self-assembled by C225 conjugates Au-PFH-NPs (C-Au-PFH-NPs) for low intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis ablation of thyroid cancer treatment. C-Au-PFH-NPs have shown excellent stability in water, PBS and 20% rat serum. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also exposed the effective construction of C-Au-PFH-NPs with commonly spherical sized assemblies. The incubation of the C625 thyroid carcinoma with C-Au-PFH-NPs triggers apoptosis, which was confirmed by the flowcytometry analysis. The C-Au-PFH-NPs, with remarkably displays the potent antitumor efficacy in a human thyroid carcinoma xenografts. A histopathological result reveals that precisely achieved to additional confirm these outcomes. Further, we successfully examined the efficiency of C-Au-PFH-NPs when used the thyroid carcinoma low intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis imaging (LIFUS) in vivo. These findings clearable for LIFUS agents with high performing image and different therapeutic purpose will have extensive possible for the future biomedical purposes.
Physicians’ Attitudes in Relation to End-of-Life Decisions in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A National Multicenter Survey
Authors: Chatziioannidis Ilias , Iliodromiti Zoi , Boutsikou Theodora , Pouliakis Abraham , Giougi Evangelia , Sokou Rozeta , Vidalis Takis , Xanthos Theodoros , Cuttini Marina , Iacovidou Nicoletta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: End-of-life decisions for neonates with adverse prognosis are controversial and raise ethical and legal issues. In Greece, data on physicians’ profiles, motivation, values and attitudes underlying such decisions and the correlation with their background are scarce. The aim was to investigate neonatologists' attitudes in neonatal intensive care units and correlate with self-reported practices of end-of-life decisions and with their background data.Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to all 28 Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Greece. One hundred and sixty two out of 260 eligible physicians answered anonymously the questionnaire (response rate 66%). Demographic and professional characteristics, self-reported practices and opinions were included in the questionnaire, along with an attitude questionnaire of 12 items measuring physicians’ views ranging from value of life to quality of life approach (scale 1 to 5).Results: Continuation of adverse prognosis neonates treatment without adding further therapeutic interventions was the most commonly reported EoL practice, when compared to mechanical ventilation withdrawal. Physicians with a high attitude score (indicative of quality-of-life) were more likely to limit, while a low score (indicative of sanctity-of-life) was indicative for continuation of intensive care. Physicians’ educational level (p:0.097), involvement in research (p:0.093), religion (p:0.024) and position on the existing legal framework (p<0.001) affected the attitude score.Conclusions: Physicians presented with varying end-of-life practices. Limiting interventions in neonates with poor prognosis was strongly related to their attitudes. The most important predictors for physicians' attitudes were religiousness and belief in Greek legal system reform.
Risk models and scores for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Ibrahim Musa Saulawa , Pang Dong , Pappas Yannis , Randhawa Gurch 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:Metabolic syndrome is linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and all-cause mortality. Despite the high number of models and scores for assessing the risk of developing MetS, there is hardly any used in practical setting. Hence, we conducted a systematic review to determine the performance of risk models and scores for predicting metabolic syndrome.Methods:We systematically searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PUBMED and Web of Science to identify studies that either derive or validate risk prediction models or scores for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome. Data concerning models’ statistical properties as well as details of internal or external validations were extracted. Tables were used to compare various components of models and statistical properties. Finally, PROBAST was used to assess the methodological quality (risk of bias) of included studies.Results:A total of 15102 titles were scanned, 29 full papers were analysed in detail and 24 papers were included. The studies reported about the development, validation or both of 40 MetS risk models; out of these, 24 models were studied in details. There is significant heterogeneity between studies in terms of geography/demographics, data type and methodological approach. Majority of the models or risk scores were developed or validated using data from cross-sectional studies, or routine data that were often assembled for other reasons. Various combinations of risk factors (predictors) were considered significant in the respective final model. Similarly, different criteria were used in the diagnosis of MetS, but, NCEP criteria including its modified versions were by far the most widely used (32.5%). There is generally poor reporting quality across the studies, especially concerning statistical data. Any form of internal validation is either not conducted, or not reported in nearly a fifth of the studies. Only two (2) risk models or scores were externally validatedConclusions:There is an abundance of MetS models in the literature. But, their usefulness is doubtful, due to limitations in methodology, poor reporting and lack of external validation and impact studies. Therefore, researchers in the future should focus more on externally validating/ applying such models in a different setting.Protocol: The protocol of this study can be found at https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e027326PROSPERO registration number CRD42019139326
The Impact of Nutritional Therapy on Resting Energy Expenditure in Malnourished Older Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Pourhassan Maryam , Daubert Diana , Wirth Rainer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: Little is known about the effect of nutritional therapy on resting energy expenditure (REE) in malnourished older hospitalized patients. We sought to evaluate longitudinal changes in REE during nutritional therapy and to examine the different factors associated with changes in REE among these patients.Methods: Twenty-three malnourished older patients (age range 67–93, 65% women) participated in this prospective longitudinal observational study. Malnutrition was defined as Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) < 8. REE was measured by using indirect calorimetry on hospital admission and at discharge. Body composition (i.e. fat free mass (FFM)) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The Parker mobility score was performed to evaluate the patient's mobility. Nutritional support (i.e. high protein and/or high calorie oral nutritional supplements) was provided to all malnourished patients during hospitalization.Results: All patients were malnourished with a median MNA-SF score of 6. The median time between two REE measurements was 13 days (interquartile range: 11–15). On admission, REE was significantly lower in patients with lower FFM (P = 0.043) and decreased along with the degree of malnutrition (P = 0.008). REE (+ 212.6 kcal, P = 0.010) and REE/FFM (+ 5.6 kcal/kg, P = 0.021) increased significantly during hospitalization. In a multiple regression analysis, age, gender and BMI followed by MNA-SF score and mobility were the major independent risk factors of changes in REE.Conclusion: Low REE in malnourished older patients increased to normal after 2 weeks of nutritional treatment.
Sharing Genomic Data From Clinical Testing with Researchers: Public Expectations of Clinical Genomic Data Management in Queensland, Australia.
Authors: Vidgen Miranda Emily , Kaladharan Sid , Malacova Eva , Hurst Cameron , Waddell Nicola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:There has beenconsiderable investment and strategic planning to introduce genomic testing intoAustralia’s public health system. As more patients’ genomic data is being held by the public health system, there will be increased requests from researchers to access this data. However, sharing of genomic data comes with a unique set of ethical, legal and social considerations that are not necessarily reflected in current health information management policies and legislation. It is important that public policy reflects public expectations for how genomic data that is generated from clinical tests is used.To inform public policy and discussions around genomic data sharing, we sought public opinions on using genomic data contained in medical records for research purposes in the Australian state of Queensland.Methods: A total of 1,233 participants completed an online questionnaire between February and May 2019. Results:Most participants wanted to be given the choice to have their genomic data from medical records used in research. Their expectations onhow often they needed to be approached for permission on using their genomic data, depended on whether thedata was identifiable or anonymous. Participants were most concerned with genomics data sharing that could lead to discrimination (insurance and employment), data being used for marketing, data security, orcommercial use.Conclusions:Most participants were willing to share their genomic data from medical records with researchers. However,the existing policies related to this process in Queensland do not reflect public expectations for how this is achieved. Here we present options available to public health service to better reflect public expectations in clinical genomic data management and use.
Quantification of Regional Murine Ozone-Induced Lung Inflammation Using [18F]FDG MicroPET/CT Imaging
Authors: Aulakh Gurpreet Kaur , Kaur Manpreet , Brown Vanessa , Ekanayake Samantha , Khan Behlol , Fonge Humphrey 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose Ozone (O3) is a highly potent and reactive air pollutant, which is formed from human-related activities. It has been linked to acute and chronic respiratory diseases in humans by inducing inflammation. Our studies have found evidence that 0.05 ppm of O3, within the threshold of air quality standards, is capable of inducing acute lung injury. This study was undertaken to examine O3-induced lung damage using [18F]FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) microPET/CT imaging in wild-type mice. [18F]FDG is a known PET tracer for inflammation.Methods Sequential [18F]FDG microPET/CT imaging was performed at baseline (before O3 exposure), immediately following 2 h of 0.05 ppm O3 exposure (0 h), at 24 h and at 28 h post-exposure. The images were quantified to determine spatial standard uptake values of [18F]FDG in relation to tissue density and compared with baseline values.Results Immediately after O3 exposure, we detected a 72.21 ± 0.79% increase in lung [18F]FDG uptake ratio when compared to baseline measures. At 24 h post-O3 exposure, the [18F]FDG uptake becomes highly variable (S.D. in FDG = 0.0005174 units) with a 42.54 ± 0.33% increase in lung [18F]FDG compared to baseline.Conclusion We have developed a microPET/CT imaging protocol to quantify regional lung uptake of [18F]FDG to understand lung response to O3 exposure.