bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volver a Hayden White: algunas reflexiones
Authors: Zermeño Guillermo 
Published: December 2020

Este ensayo trata básicamente de la transformación teórica de la historiografía. Versa sobre los cambios ocurridos a partir de 1960 en la autocomprensión de la historia académica sobre sí misma. Al aparecer su libro Metahistory en 1973, puede decirse que el medio de la historiografía no estaba preparado para recibirlo. Su discusión se traspasó sobre todo al campo de la teoría y crítica literaria. Solo a partir de su traducción a otros idiomas, hacia 1990 su obra comenzó discutirse y a ser tomada en serio por los historiadores. En particular su discusión se concentró en saber si White aceptaba o no que el discurso de los historiadores, además de su forma literaria, era capaz de referir el pasado, tal como se había postulado desde los orígenes de la historia científico-académica en el siglo XIX.
Más bien, en este escrito se intenta sostener que el interés mayor de White en su crítica al establishment historiográfico se dirige a poner de manifiesto la unidad que subyace a las oposiciones clásicas sobre las que se constituyó la identidad de la historiografía: entre historia y literatura, historia y filosofía, historia y ciencia, ficción y realidad, teoría y empiria, etcétera. En particular se intenta observar dos puntos en los que White argumenta a favor de dicha intersección: entre filosofía e historia, por un lado, y entre historia y literatura, por el otro. Una de las consecuencias de este “des-ocultamiento” consiste en mostrar que la historiografía moderna (un discurso que “simula” unir el pasado, lo ausente, con lo actual, lo presente) es una actividad fundamentalmente metahistórica. Por eso en nos detendremos en examinar el contenido de la forma conceptual “metahistoria” para develar lo que el historiador produce cuando escribe historia. Siendo así, la cuestión consistirá en centrar la atención en algunos “detalles” para observar su relevancia en la comprensión de la temporalidad asistida por dos estrategias discursivas: la literaria y la historiográfica.
De manera que para “entender” a White hace falta situar sus reflexiones, no en uno de los polos enemistados, sino en un lugar intermedio (entre los extremos); como un preámbulo para el diseño de un espacio transdisciplinario (ni solo historiográfico ni solo literario, ni solo histórico ni solo filosófico), y así poder imaginar una plausible reconceptualización de la historiografía tras la crisis del historicismo decimonónico. Se habla entonces de “regresar” a White para calibrar una de las posibilidades pensables para el futuro de la historiografía.
Acesso especial à infraestrutura rodoviária e práticas administrativas inconstitucionais
Authors: Tavares André Ramos 
Published: December 2020

Não é nova a constatação de que o Brasil sofre com gargalos de infraestrutura que oneram sua produção e impõem obstáculos físicos à complexa missão constitucional de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Todavia os entraves não são apenas de ordem material, decorrentes da insuficiência de obras e serviços públicos. O desenho de certas políticas normativas em nosso país parece incapaz de se conectar com as diretrizes da nossa Constituição Econômica. Esse quadro de desconexão e desrespeito às diretrizes constitucionais no âmbito da infraestrutura apresenta-se de maneira singular na cobrança de valores adicionais pelo uso de rodovias para fins de transporte de cargas. Essas excêntricas cobranças em rodovias concedidas, no contexto de uma economia periférica e desestruturada, caracterizam prática administrativa (em benefício de concessionárias) inconstitucional.
A inconstitucionalidade da responsabilidade objetiva na Lei 12.846/2013
Authors: Harger Marcelo 
Published: December 2020

A Lei 12.846/2013 disciplina a responsabilização de empresas pela prática atos de corrupção. O art. 2º cria a responsabilidade objetiva dessas empresas. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar que essa previsão é inconstitucional. A Lei 12.846/2013 prevê a punição de empresas objetivamente. Há quem elogie essa previsão legal afirmando que “a teoria da responsabilidade subjetiva não mais se presta para coibir as multifárias maneiras pelas quais os atos ilícitos se apresentam na complexa realidade hodierna”. Partem da afirmação de que a responsabilidade por culpa destina-se exclusivamente à proteção das pessoas físicas e não das pessoas jurídicas. Na verdade, a responsabilidade objetiva das pessoas jurídicas é uma das inúmeras incongruências da lei. Pune-se o corruptor com responsabilidade objetiva, mas o corrupto apenas será responsabilizado pela responsabilidade subjetiva. A inovação, portanto, não é boa e suscita indagações. Como se constata a existência de fraude ou vantagem indevida? Por exemplo, basta a desclassificação ilícita de concorrentes para que a pessoa jurídica vencedora da licitação seja responsabilizada objetivamente por corrupção? Imagine-se que a desclassificação tenha ocorrido por falta de conhecimento da legislação por parte da comissão de licitação. Seria a pessoa jurídica vencedora responsável nesse caso? Imagine-se, agora, a hipótese de a comissão de licitação conhecer todos os licitantes, e também conhecer a qualidade do serviço de cada um deles. Imagine-se, ainda, que imbuídos do desejo de contratar o melhor prestador de serviços desclassifiquem ilicitamente alguns concorrentes, sem que a pessoa jurídica beneficiada tenha qualquer ciência desse fato. Poderia a pessoa jurídica ser responsabilizada? Ora, ao se admitir a responsabilidade objetiva, bastaria comprovar que a empresa sagrou-se vencedora em virtude da vantagem indevida para ser responsabilizada. Trata-se de um evidente despropósito.
Conceito de parceria público-privada à luz da Constituição
Authors: Martins Ricardo Marcondes 
Published: December 2020

A palavra “concessão”, empregada no artigo 175 da CF/88, possui um significado que foi constitucionalizado com o uso do termo. A parceria público-privada, ao pressupor um novo conceito, viola o dispositivo constitucional: trata-se de uma contrafação de contrato administrativo. O regime jurídico atribuído à parceria é, contudo, incompatível com os contratos administrativos, pois atenta contra os princípios constitucionais da licitação, da direção superior da Administração pelo Chefe do Executivo e do controle da despesa pública pelo Parlamento.

Palavras-chave:
Concessão de serviço público – Parceria público-privada – Contrafação – Concessão administrativa – Concessão patrocinada – Natureza jurídica
Water transport among the world ocean basins within the water cycle
Authors: García-García David , Vigo Isabel , Trottini Mario 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The global water cycle involves water-mass transport on land, in the atmosphere, in the ocean, and among them. Quantification of such transport, especially its time evolution, is essential to identify the footprints of climate change, and it also helps to constrain and improve climatic models. In the ocean, net water-mass transport among the ocean basins is a key process, but it is currently a poorly estimated parameter. We propose a new methodology that incorporates the time-variable gravity observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite (2003–2016) to estimate the change in water content; this new approach also overcomes some fundamental limitations of existing methods. We show that the Pacific and Arctic oceans receive an average of 1916 (95 % confidence interval of [1812, 2021]) Gt per month (∼0.72±0.02 Sv) of excess freshwater from the atmosphere and the continents that is discharged into the Atlantic and Indian oceans, where net evaporation minus precipitation
returns the water to complete the cycle. This is in contrast to previous
GRACE-based studies, where the notion of a see-saw mass exchange between the
Pacific and the Atlantic and Indian oceans has been reported. Seasonal climatology
as well as the interannual variability of water-mass transport are also
reported.
Correcting Wrongful Convictions in France
Authors: Verhesschen Katrien , Fijnaut Cyrille 
Published: December 2020

Correcting Wrongful Convictions in France – Has the Act of 2014 Opened the Door to Revision?
The French ‘Code de procédure pénale’ provides the possibility to revise final criminal convictions. The Act of 2014 reformed the procedure for revision and introduced some important novelties. The first is that it reduced the different possible grounds for revision to one ground, which it intended to broaden. The remaining ground for revision is the existence of a new fact or an element unknown to the court at the time of the initial proceedings, of such a nature as to establish the convicted person’s innocence or to give rise to doubt about his guilt. The legislature intended judges to no longer require ‘serious doubt’. However, experts question whether judges will comply with this intention of the legislature. The second is the introduction of the possibility for the applicant to ask the public prosecutor to carry out the investigative measures that seem necessary to bring to light a new fact or an unknown element before filing a request for revision. The third is that the Act of 2014 created the ‘Cour de révision et de réexamen’, which is composed of eighteen judges of the different chambers of the ‘Cour de cassation’. This ‘Cour de révision et de réexamen’ is divided into a ‘commission d’instruction’, which acts as a filter and examines the admissibility of the requests for revision, and a ‘formation de jugement’, which decides on the substance of the requests. Practice will have to show whether these novelties indeed improved the accessibility of the revision procedure.
Systematic Review on the Impact of Different Presentations of Maternal Depression on Children's Socio-Emotional Development
Authors: Morales María Francisca , Girard Lisa-Christine , Raouna Aigli , MacBeth Angus 
Published: December 2020

Background: Maternal depression from the perinatal period onwards is associated with an increased likelihood of suboptimal socio-developmental outcomes in offspring, with increasing interest in the extent to which sustained maternal depression impacts on these associations. The current protocol outlines the methodology of a systematic review to synthesise the evidence on the impact of maternal depression from the perinatal period onwards and offspring socio-emotional development, defined as internalising, externalising, and social competence outcomes. We aim to explore the effects of timing, chronicity and severity of maternal depression on outcomes, and identify sources of methodological bias.
Methods/Design: The conduct and reporting of the protocol will adhere to PRISMA-P guidelines. The systematic review will be conducted using the following electronic databases: APA PsycInfo, EMBASE, MEDLINE. Grey literature will be searched from the ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database.
Discussion: Findings from the systematic review will enhance knowledge around potential heterogeneity of timing, chronicity and severity of maternal depression and its impact on offspring socio-emotional development.
Influence of montane altitudinal ranges on species distribution models; evidence in Andean blow flies
Authors: Altamiranda-Saavedra Mariano , Amat Eduardo , Gómez-P Luz Miryam 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundBlow flies are a family of dipterans of medical, veterinary and sanitary importance. We aim to predict the current geographical distribution of six neotropical blowfly species with different altitudinal ranges of distribution (high, medium, and lowlands) and degree of synanthropy (eusynanthropic, hemisynanthropic and asynanthropic) based on their existing fundamental niche (EA) in Northwestern South America.MethodsGeographical records were compiled based on data from museum specimens and literature. The accessible area hypothesis (M) was calculated based on three criteria: (1) Altitudinal range, (2) Synanthropy values deducted based on the Human Influence Index (HII) raster dataset, and (3). The mean dispersal capability of flies. The modeling was performed using the Maxent entropy modeling software. The selection of parameters was made with the R Program ENMeval package.ResultsThe models were assessed using the area under the operator-partial receiver curve (ROCp). The high statistical performance was evidenced in every modeling prediction. The modeling allowed identifying possible taxonomic inaccuracies and the lack of exhaustive collection in the field, especially for lowlands species. Geographical distribution predicted by the modeling and empirical data was remarkably coherent in montane species.DiscussionThe data obtained evidence that montane elevational ranges affect the performance of the distribution models. These models will allow a more precise predicting of medium and high elevation blow flies than lowlands species. Montane species modeling will accurately predict the fly occurrence to use such biological information for medical, legal, veterinary, and conservation purposes.
Mapping the Density of States Distribution of Organic Semiconductors by Employing Energy Resolved–Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Bässler Heinz , Kroh Daniel , Schauer Franz , Nádaždy Vojtech , Köhler Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough the density of states (DOS) distribution of charge transporting states in an organic semiconductor is vital for device operation, its experimental assessment is not at all straightforward. In this work, the technique of energy resolved–electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ER‐EIS) is employed to determine the DOS distributions of valence (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)) as well as electron (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)) states in several organic semiconductors in the form of neat and blended films. In all cases, the core of the inferred DOS distributions are Gaussians that sometimes carry low energy tails. A comparison of the HOMO and LUMO DOS of P3HT inferred from ER‐EIS and photoemission (PE) or inverse PE (IPE) spectroscopy indicates that the PE/IPE spectra are by a factor of 2–3 broader than the ER‐EIS spectra, implying that they overestimate the width of the distributions. A comparison of neat films of MeLPPP and SF‐PDI2or PC(61)BM with corresponding blends reveals an increased width of the DOS in the blends. The results demonstrate that this technique does not only allow mapping the DOS distributions over five orders of magnitude and over a wide energy window of 7 eV, but can also delineate changes that occur upon blending.
Water Dissociation Kinetic‐Oriented Design of Nickel Sulfides via Tailored Dual Sites for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Jinsong , Zhang Zhengfu , Song Haoran , Zhang Bao , Liu Jia , Shai Xuxia , Miao Ling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reaction kinetics of alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is a trade‐off between adsorption and desorption for intermediate species (H2O, OH, and Hads). However, due to the complicated correlation between the intermediates adsorption energy and electronic states, targeted regulating the adsorption energy at the atomic level is not comprehensive. Herein, nonmetals (B, N, O, and F) are used to modulate the adsorption energy and electronic structure of Ni3S4, and propose that H2O and OH adsorption energy are correlate directly with d‐band center (εd) of transition metal Ni, and Hads adsorption energy has a linear dependence on p‐band center (εp) of nonmetal S. Direct experimental evidence is offered that in all nonmetals doping samples, Tafel slope and exchange current density can be improved regularly with the εd and εp, and F‐Ni3S4 shows the optimum activity with tiny overpotential 29 and 92 mV for harvesting current density 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the micro‐kinetics analysis and density functional theory calculations verify that F‐doping can efficiently reduce the energy barrier of the Volmer step, eventually accelerating the HER kinetics. This work provides atomic‐level insight into the structure‐properties relationship, and opens an avenue for kinetic‐oriented design of alkaline HER and beyond.
Exotic Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Layered Halide Double Perovskite Polymorphs
Authors: Xu Jian , Liu Jian‐Bo , Liu Bai‐Xin , Huang Bing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiscovering new types of layered perovskites has great importance for designing novel optoelectronic devices. In this article, combining first‐principle calculations with global structure searching, it is found that Rb4SnSb2Br12, a typical halide double perovskite, can unexpectedly possess fertile low formation‐energy polymorphs holding van de Walls (vdW) layered structures. Consequently, these polymorphs can be effectively classified into 12 types according to their local octahedral motifs, exhibiting a wide range of bandgap covering the visible spectrum. Interestingly, the structure‐dependent bandgap in these polymorphs can be well understood by developing a simple machine learning model. Moreover, as a layered system, the optoelectronic properties of Rb4SnSb2Br12 can be effectively tuned by the layer thickness, and both type‐I and type‐II band alignment can be achieved in single‐compound Rb4SnSb2Br12 heterojunctions. Finally, it is suggested that the Sn‐moderate condition can be considered to grow intrinsic p‐type Rb4SnSb2Br12 with lower defect density. Those findings not only provide a promising material system for designing the vdW tandem solar cell, but also offer a new opportunity to achieve exotic optoelectronic applications in a single‐phase layered perovskite compound.
V “Bridged” CoO to Eliminate Charge Transfer Barriers and Drive Lattice Oxygen Oxidation during Water‐Splitting
Authors: Li Zhongtao , Yang Jun , Chen Zhou , Zheng Caiyan , Wei Liang Qin , Yan Yingchun , Hu Han , Wu Mingbo , Hu Zhenpeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) play significant role on the practical applications of water splitting for producing clean fuel. Although some low‐cost metal oxides are active on catalyzing OER and HER, the instinct drawback of sluggish charges carriers transfer mobility decrease the reactions kinetic and hinder their application. To overcome the issue, CoV oxide is successfully built‐up with a CoOV structure to eliminate energy barrier during carriers transfer by the spin‐flip hopping process, which can be coated on various substrate to stimulate OER and HER. Moreover, the V “bridge” between CoO bonds stimulates the OER through more effective lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism, which can directly format OO bond in more effective pathway. The protocol could be spread on rational design of such OER electrocatalysts on various electrode to lower‐cost water splitting.
Gigantic Current Control of Coercive Field and Magnetic Memory Based on Nanometer‐Thin Ferromagnetic van der Waals Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Han Seungyun , Lee Youjin , Coak Matthew J. , Kim Junghyun , Hwang Inho , Son Suhan , Shin Jeacheol , Lim Mijin , Jo Daegeun , Kim Kyoo , Kim Dohun , Lee Hyun‐Woo , Park Je‐Geun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractControlling magnetic states by a small current is essential for the next‐generation of energy‐efficient spintronic devices. However, it invariably requires considerable energy to change a magnetic ground state of intrinsically quantum nature governed by fundamental Hamiltonian, once stabilized below a phase‐transition temperature. Here, it is reported that, surprisingly, an in‐plane current can tune the magnetic state of the nanometer‐thin van der Waals ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 from a hard magnetic state to a soft magnetic state. It is a direct demonstration of the current‐induced substantial reduction of the coercive field. This surprising finding is possible because the in‐plane current produces a highly unusual type of gigantic spin–orbit torque for Fe3GeTe2. In addition, a working model of a new nonvolatile magnetic memory based on the principle of the discovery in Fe3GeTe2, controlled by a tiny current, is further demonstrated. The findings open up a new window of exciting opportunities for magnetic van der Waals materials with potentially huge impact on the future development of spintronic and magnetic memory.
Multifunctional Reversible Self‐Assembled Structures of Cellulose‐Derived Phase‐Change Nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Yonggui , Qiu Zhe , Lang Zhen , Xie Yanjun , Xiao Zefang , Wang Haigang , Liang Daxin , Li Jian , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOwing to advantageous properties attributed to well‐organized structures, multifunctional materials with reversible hierarchical and highly ordered arrangement in solid‐state assembled structures have drawn tremendous interest. However, such materials rarely exist. Based on the reversible phase transition of phase‐change materials (PCMs), phase‐change nanocrystals (C18‐UCNCs) are presented herein, which are capable of self‐assembling into well‐ordered hierarchical structures. C18‐UCNCs have a core–shell structure consisting of a cellulose crystalline core that retains the basic structure and a soft shell containing octadecyl chains that allow phase transition. The distinct core–shell structure and phase transition of octadecyl chains allow C18‐UCNCs to self‐assemble into flaky nano/microstructures. These self‐assembled C18‐UCNCs exhibit efficient thermal transport and light‐to‐thermal energy conversion, and thus are promising for thermosensitive imaging. Specifically, flaky self‐assembled nano/microstructures with manipulable surface morphology, surface wetting, and optical properties are thermoreversible and show thermally induced self‐healing properties. By using phase‐change nanocrystals as a novel group of PCMs, reversible self‐assembled multifunctional materials can be engineered. This study proposes a promising approach for constructing self‐assembled hierarchical structures by using phase‐change nanocrystals and thereby significantly expands the application of PCMs.
Sputtered Indium‐Zinc Oxide for Buffer Layer Free Semitransparent Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices in Perovskite/Silicon 4T‐Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Ying Zhiqin , Zhu Yudong , Feng Xiyuan , Xiu Jingwei , Zhang Rui , Ma Xuhang , Deng Yunsheng , Pan Hui , He Zhubing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRear transparent electrode (RTE) dominates the quality of semitransparent solar cells, which determines the overall performance of tandem devices as the top cells. Here, sputtering deposited indium‐zinc oxide (IZO) is demonstrated as effective RTE for buffer layer free semitransparent perovskite solar cell (PSC). It is revealed that the vacuum‐evaporated electron‐transport layer (C60/BCP, v‐ETL) has better tolerance of the bombardment in the deposition process of IZO and hence superior device performance compared to the solution‐processed ETL (PCBM/BCP, s‐ETL). Systematical characterizations evidence that the ETL surface potential shifts at the ETL/IZO interface rather than the surface morphology variation accounts for the device performance difference. By further optimizing the thickness of BCP and perovskite layers, the semitransparent PSC exhibits the best conversion efficiency of 16.23% as well as a high transmittance of 39.46% in the wavelength span from 300 to 1200 nm. By employing the optimized semitransparent PSC as the top cell in a four‐terminal perovskite/c‐silicon tandem solar cell, a combined conversion efficiency of 24.60% is achieved. This work highlights the use of sputtered IZO in the combination of IZO/C60 effectively for high‐performance semitransparent devices.