bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proses Masuk dan Persebaran Peninggalan Kebudayaan Proto-Deutero Melayu di Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Johan , Permatasari Wahyu Ida 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses masuk dan persebaran peninggalan kebudayaan Proto-Deutero Melayu di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan langkah sebagai berikut: (1) heuristik, (2) kritik sumber, (3) interpretasi, (4) historiografi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu: (1) Proto-Melayu berlayar dan menetap di Indonesia sekitar 3000 SM melalui dua jalur yaitu: Jalur barat dari Yunan melalui Selat Malaka kemudian masuk ke Pulau Sumatra dan masuk ke Pulau Jawa. Jalan utara (timur) yaitu dari Yunan berpindah melalui Formosa kemudian masuk ke Filipina dilanjutkan penyeberang ke Pulau Sulawesi dan masuk ke Pulau Papua, sedangkan Deutero-Melayu masuk ke wilayah Indonesia tahun 200 SM melalui jalur Barat yaitu dari Yunan lalu Vietnam, Malaysia, hingga akhirnya tiba di Indonesia, (2) Proses Persebaran Budaya Proto-Melayu di Indonesia dengan bertempat tinggal menetap, bersawah atau menanam padi, berternak, bermasyarakat, berperahu cadik, membuat kain dari kulit kayu, menggembangkan gaya seni tertentu dan membawa kebudayaan batu muda (Neolitikum) berupa gerabah, beliung persegi, kapak lonjong dan tembikar. Sedangkan peninggalan kebudayaan Deutero-Melayu di Indonesia terbuat dari perunggu dan logam, yaitu kapak corong, nekara, perhiasan dan manik-manik. Perhiasan dan manik-manik inilah yang nantinya semakin memperjelas status sosial yang berkembang di masyarakat Nusantara.
Pergulatan Tradisi, Agama, Negara: Analisis Sosio-Kultural Keturunan Tionghoa dan Perkembangan Gereja Tionghoa Indonesia (1950-1999)
Authors: Cipta Samudra Eka 
Published: June 2020

Pada masa Hindia Belanda sudah ada beberapa komunitas Tionghoa-Kristiani yang ditandai dengan adanya Gereja Tionghoa. Masa Demokrasi Liberal perkembangan Umat Tionghoa-Kristiani mengalami perkembangan pesat. Perkembangan tersebut didukung oleh kebijakan pemerintah terkait masalah identitas keagamaan bagi Masyarakat Keturunan. Pasca kejatuhan Demokrasi Terpimpin dengan lahirnya Orde Baru, perkembangan Umat Tionghoa-Kristiani meningkat tajam. Politik yang dilakukan Masa Orde Baru yakni â€˜â€™politik asimilasiâ€™â€™ dengan berusaha menghilangkan unsur kebudayaan pada masyarakat tertentu. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan kebijakan Pemerintah Orde Baru yang melarang adanya praktik Ajaran Konfusianisme bagi Masyarakat Keturunan Tionghoa karena dianggap sebagai bentuk propaganda Komunisme Tiongkok. Selama Mas Orde Baru Keturunan Tionghoa melakukan konversi keagamaan secara besar-besaran. Dampak lain yang ditimbulkan bagi Masyarakat Keturunan adalah perubahan nama dengan berunsurkan nama layaknya orang Indonesia pada umumnya. Penelitian ini melahirkan rumusan masalah yakni 1) bagaimana awal perkembangan sosial Masyarakat Keturunan Tionghoa?, 2) bagaimana respon Masyarakat Tionghoa Indonesia terhadap kebijakan Pemerintah Masa Soekarno dan Soeharto?, 3) bagaimana upaya rekonsiliasi dalam upaya melestarikan kembali nilai-nilai budaya dan filosofis bagi masayarakat Keturunan Tionghoa?
Characteristics and Permeability Properties of Sago Starch Edible Film
Authors: Layuk Payung , Sondakh Joula , Pesireron Marietje 
Published: June 2020

The research was aimed to study the potential of sago starch as an edible film or edible wrapper, which is used as a barrier to mass transfer. The edible film was made from sago starch with the addition of nutmeg pectin at concentrations of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by adding glycerol as much as 20% w/w. The results showed that the addition of nutmeg pectin and glycerol was able both to improve film characteristics and to control mass transfer. Addition of nutmeg pectin caused an increase in the Water Vapor Permeability (WVP) value of the film. Edible sago starch films can be used as a dodol packaging material because it protects products from oxidation and fungi, and is a better barrier from oxygen when compared to synthetic films. The increase in nutmeg pectin concentration caused an increase in WVP and exponential oxygen permeability.
Keywords: edible film, sago, wrapping
Kualitas Sensoris dan Kimia Daging Sapi yang Beredar di Beberapa Tempat Penjualan di Kota Ambon
Authors: Liur Isye J , Veerman Marcus , Mahakena Arnolys 
Published: June 2020

Meat is all animal tissue and its processed products which are suitable and used as food. Meat consists of four primary tissues, namely muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and nerve tissue. Beef is meat obtained from cows that are commonly used for food consumption. This study aims to determine the sensory and chemical quality of beef circulating in several sales points in Ambon City. Parametric used are sensory analysis (color, aroma, texture) and chemical analysis (water content, ash content, protein content, fat content). The research method used is using questionnaires as primary data and testing at the Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Pattimura. The data obtained will be tested using Non-Parametric Analysis namely Conformity Test. The research results show that the evaluation of panelists, it turns out that between panelists did not differ in providing an assessment because in this study, on average, panelists gave the best assessment in terms of color, aroma, and texture.
Keywords: beef, chemical quality, sensory quality

ABSTRAK
Daging adalah semua jaringan hewan dan produk olahannya yang sesuai dan digunakan sebagai makanan. Daging terdiri dari empat jaringan utama, yaitu jaringan otot, jaringan ikat, jaringan epitel dan jaringan saraf. Daging sapi adalah daging yang diperoleh dari sapi yang biasa dan umum digunakan untuk keperluan konsumsi makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis kualitas sensoris dan kimia daging sapi yang beredar dibeberapa tempat penjualan di Kota Ambon. Parametrik yang digunakan yaitu analisis sensoris (warna, arona, tekstur) dan analisis kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak). Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu menggunakan kuisioner sebagai data primer dan pengujian pada Laboratorium Kimia Jurusan MIPA Universitas Pattimura. Data yang diperoleh akan diuji menggunakan analisis non parametrik yaitu uji kesesuaian. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Penilaian dari panelis, ternyata antar panelis tidak berbeda dalam memberikan penilaian sebab dalam penelitian ini secara rata-rata panelis memberikan penilaian yang terbaik dari segi warna, aroma dan tekstur.
Kata Kunci: daging sapi, kualitas kimia, kualitas sensoris
A Set of Prayer Outfits as a Mahar? Discrimination against Women in the ʻUrf Reality of the Archipelago’s Fiqh
Authors: Yenti Endri , Busyro Busyro , Ismail Ismail , Rosman Edi , Wadi Fajrul 
Published: June 2020

Provisions of mahar (dowry) in Islam practiced by the Prophet Muhammad and his companions are substantially used as a standard of giving dowry in a marriage. Mahar provided by the Prophet as well as those by his companions had a high economic value; unless they were fortuneless. However, what has been practiced by many recently does not reflect the deed of the Prophet Muhammad. Nowadays, people tend to provide a set of prayer outfit as a mahar, an item which could not support a family financially. Even if some people do provide high-priced mahar, yet much of it is used before akad (the marriage vow) to finance a wedding reception, rather than handing out the money directly to the wife. This article aims at evaluating this tradition, since it discriminates against women’s privilege of mahar. From the findings of the research, it is concluded that traditions; giving a set of prayer outfit to women, or using mahar as a payment for a wedding reception discriminate against women’s rights because the essence of mahar is to economically support or help the wife in the future. According to the provisions of ʻurf, this tradition does not fit in the Islamic law and is not legitimate to be incorporated into the Archipelago’s fiqh.
Pengaruh Gender Dan Manifestasi Kardiovaskular Pada COVID-19
Authors: Sarvasti Dyana 
Published: June 2020

Manifestasi kardiovaskular berupa injuri miokard, dapat timbul pada pasien yang terinfeksi COVID-19. Data yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai laporan kasus pandemi COVID-19 menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki lebih sering mengalami injuri miokard dibandingkan perempuan. Hingga saat ini belum ditemukan mekanisme pasti yang mendasari kerentanan untuk mengalami injuri miokard akibat terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 karena perbedaan gender. Beberapa teori yang diajukan adalah perbedaan jumlah kromosom X, pengaruh hormon seks dan perbedaan reaksi imun antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan yang lebih mendalam tentang mekanisme manifestasi kardiovaskular dan pengaruh gender pada penyakit COVID-19.
Kata kunci: Gender, manifestasi kardiovaskular, injuri miokard, COVID-19.
Appalachian Spring
Authors: Copland Aaron 
Published: June 2020

Appalachian Spring is perhaps the most popular work by Aaron Copland (1900–1990). Composed as a ballet for the renowned choreographer Martha Graham (1894–1991), it was the result of a close collaboration between Copland and Graham, and the music quickly took on a life of its own. However, the best known versions of the score, those most frequently recorded and heard in concert, differ in form and musical content from the original ballet, which was scored for a chamber ensemble of thirteen instruments and premiered by the Martha Graham Dance Company at the Library of Congress on 30 October 1944.
This edition presents the first completed engraving of the original version of Appalachian Spring, providing musicians and scholars access to the score as it has been performed for more than 75 years by the Graham Company. On each page of the score, the editors have included stills from the 1958 film of the ballet, with Graham dancing the lead role, in order to highlight the connection between music and dance.
An introductory essay explores the creation of the work, the musical structure, the origins of and differences among multiple versions of the score, and the continued significance and influence of Copland’s music. The critical commentary draws on manuscript and published sources, as well as Graham Company performance practice, to illuminate editorial decisions. The edition also includes appendices that present a comparison of historical tempi, markings from the Graham tradition for augmenting the orchestration, and a selected discography of different versions of the score.
NB: Permission to reprint copyrighted material included in this edition does not extend to electronic formats. Please refer to the print version of this title for the music of Appalachian Spring (pp. 1–184).
Weekly versus Daily Iron Supplementation for Preventing Iron deficiency Anaemia Amongst Children Between Six to 24 Months: A Randomised Control Trial
Authors: Kaushik Sneha , Yadav Anita , Debata Pradeep Kumar , Aggarwal Kailash Chandra 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia is common in developing nations and starting iron supplementation from infancy is an important measure for its prevention. There is still not enough evidence, whether giving iron twice weekly as compared to daily, is enough to prevent the same.
Methods: This open-labeled randomised control trial was conducted at a tertiary care facility over a period of 1.5 years. After informed consent from parents, a total of 125 non-anaemic healthy infants in age group six to 24 months; with birth weight > 2500 grams, born singleton at term gestation and predominantly breastfed in the first six months of life; were randomised using computer generated sequence to two groups. Control group received daily elemental iron supplementation of 1 mg/kg/day and the intervention group received twice weekly 2 mg/kg/day. Haemoglobin, serum ferritin were measured at enrolment and at the end of 100 days. Primary outcome was anaemia defined as haemoglobin less than 11 mg/dl. Secondary outcome measures were weight gain, increase in length and occipito-frontal circumference.
Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. This study showed significantly higher mean haemoglobin (mg/dl) (mean ± SD 11.882 ± 0.3237, 11.683 ± 0.4264, p = 0.009) and mean serum ferritin (ng/ml) (mean ± SD 101.704 ± 23.0263, 62.149 ± 24.2079, p = 0.000) at end of 100 days in the control group than the intervention group. There was no difference in any of the secondary outcomes.
Conclusions: Biweekly iron supplementation can also prevent iron deficiency anaemia in children between six to 24 months of age but daily is better in respect to the increase in haemoglobin.
A Five Years Study of Occurrence and Associated Risk Factors for Birth Defects in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Nepal
Authors: Basaula Yuba Nidhi , Paudel Radha Kumari , Chapagain Ram Hari 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Congenital anomalies account for 7.0% of neonatal deaths in Nepal. The present study was carried out to determine the overall rate of congenital malformations, incidence and prevalence in live births, still birth and incidence affecting various organ systems, at Bharatpur Hospital, Nepal.
Methods: All the intramural deliveries between Jan 2015 to Dec 2019 were included in the study. All the newborns were looked for congenital malformations after birth within seven days. Antenatal ultrasonography findings were noted. 2D echocardiography was also used for all congenital heart diseases, along with routine X-ray chest. A total of 131 babies with congenital problem were studied and the information was recorded in WHO NBBD Proforma. Data were recorded in MS Excel and SPSS 16 version was used for analysis.
Results: Out of the total 60160 deliveries, 131 (0.21% of total birth) were with congenital malformations, sex wise distribution was 65 (49.5%) females and 63 (48.7%) males and three (1.8%) were ambiguous. Oro-facial malformation (49, 37.4%) was the commonest form of malformation followed by the musculoskeletal system (31, 23.6 %), centre nervous system (31, 23.6%) and congenital malformations of genital organs (8, 6.0%).
Conclusions: The incidence of congenital malformation in this study was 0.21%. Females were more common than males and oro-facial malformation was the commonest type of malformation. Lack of antenatal visit, lack of folic acid during pre-conception period and low socioeconomic status were the commonest risk factors.
Role of Lumbar Puncture in Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Das Amit Kumar , Mishra Deepak , Jha Nitu Kumari , Mishra Rakesh , Jha Soniya 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. It is responsible for about 30-50% of the total neonatal deaths in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be divided into two sub-types depending upon whether the onset of symptoms within the first 72 hours of life (Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis) or after 72 hours of life (Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis ). Meningitis is an important complication of late onset neonatal sepsis.
Method: This was hospital based prospective observational study conducted among the neonates admitted with diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis in Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NIMCU) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Kanti Children’s Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of performing LP in neonates with LONS.
Results: 16.8% neonates with late onset neonatal sepsis were found to have meningitis. Among the neonates with meningitis CRP was positive 57.2% and negative in 42.8 %. Among the cases with abnormal CSF findings, blood culture was sterile in 85% cases and organism was isolated 15% cases. In 88.8% cases with positive blood culture, no meningitis was detected. Lumbar puncture was traumatic in 1 neonate (0.8%) in first attempt. Apart from this no other complication of performing lumbar puncture was noted.
Conclusion: Lumbar puncture and CSF examination is mandatory in all cases with late-onset sepsis.
Manejo conservador de esguinces de tobillo
Authors: Calvo Vargas Francisco , Gen Ulate Sofía , Pérez Arce David 
Published: June 2020

Resumen
Los esguinces de tobillo son lesiones frecuentes que constituyen una causa importante de incapacidad laboral. El esguince del complejo lateral es el más frecuente y se asocia a un mecanismo de inversión y flexión plantar. El abordaje inicial debe incluir determinar el mecanismo de trauma y considerar factores de riesgo que permitan un diagnóstico oportuno. Actualmente el manejo conservador de los esguinces de tobillo es el estándar de tratamiento pues su costo-efectividad es mejor.
Método: Para la elaboración de este artículo se realizó una búsqueda de bibliografía con antigüedad no mayor a 5 años, con excepción de las guías clínicas de las cuáles se incluyó la más reciente disponible. Se buscó los términos “esguince de tobillo”, “manejo de esguinces de tobillo” y “prevención de esguinces de tobillo”, tanto en español como en inglés.
Conclusiones: La terapia inicial recomendada es la estrategia RICE (reposo, hielo, compresión, elevación). Los AINEs son una opción aceptable en etapas iniciales. El vendaje compresivo permite manejar el edema y además es razonable utilizar medidas de soporte adicionales según la severidad como tobilleras o soportes semi-rígidos. El abordaje debe ser de movilización y rehabilitación temprana, con un seguimiento prospectivo que permita prevenir complicaciones como la inestabilidad crónica articular y el esguince recurrente.
Actualización de la clasificación y manejo de mastitis
Authors: Osejo Rodríguez María del Sol , Maya Cancino Alejandra , Brenes Meseguer Nicole 
Published: June 2020

La mastitis es una condición inflamatoria de la glándula mamaria, puede o no venir acompañada de infección. Surge a partir del drenaje inadecuado del seno lo cual conduce a congestión mamaria y estasis láctea. La prevalencia es mayor durante el puerperio, sin embargo también puede ocurrir en cualquier otro momento. Es una enfermedad debilitante, que con frecuencia resulta en interrupción de la lactancia materna. Se clasifica según el curso, las manifestaciones clínicas y si ocurre durante el periodo de lactancia. Durante la lactancia, la mastitis suele ser consecuencia de un proceso de disbiosis. Se han aislado el Staphylococcus Aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis y ciertas corinebacterias como principales agentes etiológicos. Existen otras etiologías de mastitis que no guardan relación con la lactancia y el puerperio, pero estas abarcan la minoría de los casos. El dolor es el síntoma más frecuente, sin embargo suele venir acompañado de síntomas sistémicos (similares a la gripe, mialgias, fiebre). El diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico y el tratamiento se enfoca principalmente en la extracción adecuada de leche materna, manejo sintomático y la instauración de tratamiento antibiótico. En ciertos casos específicos es recomendable realizar un cultivo de la leche materna. De no ser abordada adecuadamente, la mastitis puede progresar y formar un absceso mamario.
Síndrome de Mirizzi
Authors: Campos Quesada Marilyn , Molina Castaño Daniel , Núñez Guerrero Alberto 
Published: June 2020

El síndrome de Mirizzi, es una complicación poco frecuente en pacientes portadores de colelitiasis, se ha relacionado con el cáncer de vesícula biliar, por la inflación crónica y estasis biliar que desencadena. Se conocen factores de riesgo en poblaciones específicas, principalmente en mujeres, adultos mayores de 40 años y obesos. Para comprender su fisiopatología es necesario conocer la génesis de la formación de litos, estos cálculos se enclavan en el saco de Hartman produciendo obstrucción del conducto hepático común, pudiendo evolucionar a fístulas internas o necrosis. Hay diferentes medios radiodiagnósticos para el síndrome de Mirizzi, siendo la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica el gold-standard. El abordaje y tratamiento quirúrgico del síndrome está dictado por la clasificación que se le otorgue, desde una colecistectomía laparoscópica hasta una coledocoplastía por laparotomía. El diagnóstico preoperatorio conlleva un abordaje más adecuado y mejores resultados postoperatorios.
Peanut and Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicide Tank-Mixtures Including Paraquat and Inorganic Liquid Nutrients
Authors: Eason K.M. , Grey T.L , Tubbs R.S. , Prostko E.P. , Li X. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Weed control is an integral part of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production systems. Paraquat is a staple postemergence (POST) herbicide used in peanut production in the Southeast US. Inorganic liquid nutrient (ILN) concentrates are liquid fertilizers that are recommended for use by producers in tank-mixtures with paraquat by some distributors. Irrigated and non-irrigated field trials were conducted to quantify the safening effect of ILN in various herbicide tank-mixtures on peanut and determine the suitability as tank-mix replacements for bentazon. Field studies indicated similar POST herbicide responses for peanut injury. Greenhouse experiments evaluated POST paraquat tank-mixtures with ILN for weed control and biomass reduction. Paraquat plus S-metolachlor caused significant leaf burn and stunting. Greatest peanut foliar injury occurred 3 d after treatment (DAT) but was transient. For the irrigated field trial, paraquat plus S-metolachlor plus ILN had similar injury levels as compared to paraquat plus S-metolachlor plus acifluorfen plus bentazon at 22 to 25%. For the non-irrigated field study, the application of paraquat plus ILN had 10% injury compared to paraquat at 22%. While injury was the greatest directly following application, peanut was able to recover with no yield or grade loss for both the irrigated and non-irrigated studies. In the greenhouse study, the effect of ILN varied by weed species and reduced leaf injury on several broadleaf weeds. While the addition of ILN to the various paraquat tank-mixtures initially reduced injury, it did not correspond to increases in yield or grade. The variability in weed control, transient injury mitigation, and no yield increase indicates that Georgia peanut growers will receive no benefit for including ILN in their paraquat tank-mixtures but if needed to improve crop nutrition, ILN will not reduce weed control.