bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological investigations on the lips and cheeks of the goat (Capra hircus): A scanning electron and light microscopic study
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A. , Mohamed Salma A. , Abdalla Kamal E. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current study was done to provide comprehensive information on the anatomical features of the lips and cheeks of the goat by gross examination and morphometric analysis in addition to scanning electron microscope (SEM). Samples from 12 normal healthy adult goat's heads of both sexes were collected directly after slaughtering. The lips and cheeks were dissected, and specimens were collected for both light and SEM. The lips of goat were soft and mobile. The free border of both lips was characterized rostrally by the presence of labial projections. The number, size, and arrangement of labial projections differed in the upper and lower lips. On the other hand, the buccal papillae were arranged into 6–8 longitudinal rows parallel to the cheek teeth. The length of these papillae decreased caudally while they were absent on the most caudal part of the cheek. Presence of several types and shapes of labial projections and papillae, and buccal papillae suggest a high degree of mechanical adaptation of the lips and cheeks of the goat. This study provides baseline data for clinical studies. This study is the first report to shed light on the morphology of the lips and cheeks of the goat by gross and scanning electron microscopy.
A semi‐objective circulation pattern classification scheme for the semi‐arid Northeast Brazil
Authors: Laux Patrick , Böker Brian , Martins Eduardo Sávio , das Chagas Vasconcelos Junior Francisco , Moron Vincent , Portele Tanja , Lorenz Christof , Philipp Andreas , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe semi‐arid Northeast Brazil (NEB) is just recovering from a very severe water crisis induced by a multiyear drought. With this crisis, the question of water resources management has entered the national political agenda, creating an opportunity to better prepare the country to deal with future droughts. In order to improve climate predictions, and thus preparedness in NEB, a circulation pattern (CP) classification algorithm offers various options. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop a computer aided CP classification based on the Simulated ANnealing and Diversified RAndomization clustering (SANDRA) algorithm. First, suitable predictor variables and cluster domain setting are evaluated using ERA‐Interim reanalyses. It is found that near surface variables such as geopotential at 1,000 hPa (GP1,000) or mean sea level pressure (MSLP) should be combined with horizontal wind speed at the upper 700 hPa level (UWND700). A 11‐cluster solution is favoured due to the trade‐offs between interpretability of the cluster centroids and the explained variances of the predictors. Second, occurrence and transition probabilities of this 11‐cluster solution of GP1,000 and UWND700 are analysed, and typical CPs, which are linked to dry and wet conditions in the region are identified. The suitability of the new classification to be potentially applied for statistical downscaling or CP‐conditional bias correction approach is analysed. The CP‐conditional cumulative density functions (CDFs) exhibit discriminative power to separate between wet and dry conditions, indicating a good performance of the CP approach.
Trends in sunshine duration in Poland (1971–2018)
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Matuszko Dorota , Węglarczyk Stanisław 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aims to characterize temporal and spatial trends of sunshine duration in Poland based on data from the years 1971–2018 and to make an attempt to explain their causes. Daily sunshine duration came from 31 Polish meteorological stations. Data from 10 stations came only from a traditional Campbell–Stokes heliograph, while in the other 21 synoptic stations Campbell–Stokes heliograph was replaced with an automatic sensor in 2014 and since then only such data are available. The smallest sunshine duration occurs in December (average areal total—39.7 hr), and the highest in July (average areal total—230.1 hr). The spatial distribution of sunshine duration in Poland shows great diversity associated with different day lengths depending on latitude. In the cool part of the year (November, December, January, and February) the isolines of totals of sunshine duration run from the highest values in the south to the lowest in the north of the country, while in the months of the warm part of the year (March to September) the system is reversed. The multi‐annual trends in sunshine duration in Poland are similar to the changes taking place in other parts of the world. The years 1971–1980 mark the end of “global dimming,” which was manifested in very low values of actual and relative sunshine duration. “Global brightening” confirms a statistically significant growing trend in sunshine duration at all the analysed meteorological stations in Poland from April to September. There is a strong statistically significant relationship between the areal totals of sunshine duration and the type of pressure system, average monthly cloud cover, and atmospheric optical depth.
Thin‐layer chromatography combined with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering for rapid detection of benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl in migration from food contact materials based on gold nanoparticle doped metal‐organic framework
Authors: Cai Guohui , Ge Kun , Ouyang Xiaoyan , Hu Yuling , Li Gongke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, a rapid and sensitive thin‐layer chromatography combined with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy method was established for rapid detection of benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl in migration from food contact materials based on Au nanoparticle doped metal‐organic framework. Benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl were firstly separated by thin‐layer chromatography to solve the limitation of their overlapping Raman peaks. Then the target molecules were monitored by adding AuNPs/MIL‐101(Cr) on the sample spots. Under the optimum conditions, the concentration of benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl can be quantitatively measured in the range of 2.0‐20.0 and1.0‐15.0 μg/L, respectively with good linear relationship, and the limits of detection were 0.21 and 0.23 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method was applied to analyze benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl in migration of different food contact materials. The recoveries of benzidine and 4‐aminobiphenyl for migration of food contact materials, including paper cups, polypropylene food containers, and polyethylene glycol terephthalate bottles, were 80.6‐116.0 and 80.7‐118% with relative standard deviations of 1.1‐9.1 and 3.1‐9.9%, respectively. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering detection was performed conveniently in the on‐plate mode without additional elution process. The method shows great potential in rapid monitoring of hazardous substances with overlapping characteristic Raman peaks in food contact materials.
A strategy based on the strain‐to‐kinetic energy ratio to ensure stability and convergence in topology optimization of globally resonating one‐material structures
Authors: Silva Olavo M. , Neves Miguel M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe authors propose a new formulation of SIMP‐based topology optimization problems aiming to obtain resonating one‐material structures through a stable maximization process. The new formulation is capable of achieving globally resonant lightly damped “0‐1” structures for frequencies close to those of interest. The proposed strategy successfully deals with known issues like design “degeneration” and instability of the gradient‐based optimization process around the resonance frequency (which is a local maximum when maximizing vibration responses) at which harmonic excitation forces shall be applied. In this work, the authors use the concept of complex input power to overcome the mentioned issues. It is proposed a topology optimization procedure where a weighted sum between the active input power (real part of the complex input power) and the static compliance is minimized with a constraint on the reactive input power (imaginary part of the complex input power), which is converted to a ratio between the time‐averaged potential and kinetic energies of the system named quotient R. By this way, it is possible to ensure viability to the procedure by preventing the resonance frequency from reaching exactly the excitation frequency throughout the process, which otherwise causes difficulties on convergence. The process achieves resonance frequencies very close to given values of interest by keeping the “side” of R<1 or R>1. Several examples are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed method.
Morphological Variation of Cisco across Gradients of Lake Productivity
Authors: Jacobson Peter C. , Zimmer Kyle D. , Grow Ryan , Eshenroder Randy L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effects of lake productivity and late‐summer hypolimnetic oxygen on the size and shape of Cisco Coregonus artedi were examined in 27 Minnesota lakes. Geometric morphometry analyses of specimens captured in vertical gill nets indicated that Cisco in more productive lakes with hypoxic hypolimnia were larger, with deeper bodies, shorter snouts and caudal peduncles, and longer fins. Cisco in unproductive lakes with oxygenated hypolimnia were smaller, with slender bodies, longer snouts and caudal peduncles, and shorter fins. The effect of hypolimnetic oxygen on depths utilized by Cisco and the resulting vulnerability to predation was an important driver of shape and fin length. Deeper body depths and longer fin lengths were possibly a response to greater vulnerability to predation when hypoxic hypolimnia limit coldwater refugia for Cisco, which are forced to inhabit shallower depths near warmwater predators such as Walleye Sander vitreus and Northern Pike Esox lucius. Differences in size and shape relationships of Cisco in lakes on and off the Canadian Shield were also detected. The availability of late‐summer habitat, depth‐mediated predation risk, and growth potential appear to be important ecological drivers of morphological variation in Cisco.
Methadone does not potentiate the effect of doxorubicin in canine tumour cell lines
Authors: Cueni Claudia , Nytko Katarzyna J. , Thumser‐Henner Pauline , Weyland Mathias S. , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOpioid receptor activation was shown to enhance the efficacy of anti‐neoplastic drugs in several human cancer cell lines. In these cell lines, doxorubicin increased the number of opioid receptors and methadone concurrently enhanced cellular doxorubicin uptake. Triggered through lay press and media, animal owners started to challenge veterinary oncologists with questions about methadone use in anti‐cancer therapy. Especially in veterinary medicine, where side effects of chemotherapy are tolerated to a lesser extent and hence smaller doses are given, agents potentiating chemotherapeutic agents would be an optimal approach to treatment. Canine transitional cell carcinoma cells (TCC, K9TCC), canine osteosarcoma cells (OSA, Abrams) and canine hemangiosarcoma cells (HSA, DAL‐4) were incubated with different combinations of methadone, buprenorphine and doxorubicin, in order to test inhibition of cell proliferation. Opioid receptor density was assessed with fluorescence‐activated cell sorting in drug native and doxorubicin pretreated cells. In TCC and OSA cell lines opioid receptor density increased after doxorubicin pretreatment. In combination treatment, however, we did not find significant potentiation of doxorubicin's inhibitory effect on proliferation in these cell lines. Neither was there a significant increase of the effect of doxorubicin when the opioids were added 24 hr before doxorubicin. Hence, we could not confirm the hypothesis that opioids increase the anti‐proliferative effect of the anti‐neoplastic drug doxorubicin in any of these canine tumour cell lines. The lack of effect on a cellular level does not warrant a clinical approach to use opioids together with doxorubicin in dogs with cancer.
Occurrence and risk assessment of heavy metals in an urban river supplied by reclaimed wastewater
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Yuting , Liu Longyan , Wang Yiping , Song Zilong , Wang Xuewei , Liu Chao , Li Yanning , Meng Weidong , Zhou Yang , Sun Dezhi , Qi Fei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHeavy metals in reclaimed water are a global problem that leads to ecological risks for the replenishment water body. This study investigated concentrations and ecological risks posed by heavy metals in SH River, Beijing, which is supplied by reclaimed water. Results showed that Cr was not detected in the sample, Cd and Pb exceeded threshold values according to regulations by 1.19% and 25.00%, respectively. The characterization of temporal and spatial of heavy metals was studied. The potential ecological risks posed by heavy metals in SH River were found to be low and safe. The risk decreased in the order Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd > As by comprehensive index assessment; this changed to Pb > Cd > As > Ni > Cu > Zn according to potential ecological risk assessment. Pb posed the greatest ecological risks and was identified as most contaminated metal. According to discussion of sampling sites and water quality, it was proposed that reclaimed water and exogenous discharges were the main sources of the heavy metals identified. This should be considered when developing catchment management strategies for heavy metals elimination and protection of the aquatic environment. If a higher level of ecological risk management is required, Pb, Cd, and Cu should be considered first and should be removed in situ through ecological remediation methods.Practitioner points

Reclaimed water and exogenous discharges were the main sources of the heavy metals identified.

The potential ecological risks posed by heavy metals in SH River were found to be low and safe.

The risk decreased in the order Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd > As by comprehensive index assessment.

Potential ecological risk assessment showed Pb > Cd > As > Ni > Cu > Zn.

Pb posed the greatest ecological risks and was identified as most contaminated metal.
Advances and challenges of mainstream nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater with anammox‐based processes
Authors: Ma Wen‐Jie , Li Gui‐Feng , Huang Bao‐Cheng , Jin Ren‐Cun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel process of deammonification that exhibits superior ecological and economic potential compared to that of traditional heterotrophic processes. Although this process has been successfully implemented in treating high‐strength nitrogen‐contaminated wastewater, it still faces many challenges in treating mainstream municipal wastewater. This review aims to provide an overview of the status and challenges of mainstream anammox‐based processes. The different configurations and crucial factors are discussed in this review. Finally, the future needs for feasible application are stated.Practitioner points

Factors restricting mainstream application of anammox‐based processes are reviewed.

Control strategies for selecting and maintaining anammox bacteria are discussed.

Recent advances in nitrite production via partial nitrification or denitrification are summarized.

Future needs for the feasible application of anammox‐based nitrogen removal technology for mainstream municipal wastewater treatment are outlined.
BIEM analysis of a graded nano‐cracked elastic half‐plane under time‐harmonic waves
Authors: Rangelov Tsviatko V. , Dineva Petia S. , Manolis George D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work addresses the scattering of time‐harmonic waves by a finite, blunt nano‐crack in a graded isotropic bulk material with a free surface. The mechanical model is based on classical elastodynamic theory and describes the elastic, isotropic, graded half‐plane with quadratically varying material parameters along the depth coordinate. This model is extended to nano‐mechanics by using non‐classical boundary conditions and localized constitutive equations at the interface between crack and matrix material following the Gurtin‐Murdoch surface elasticity theory. The computational technique employed is based on the non‐hypersingular traction boundary integral equation method (BIEM) using a closed form Green's function for a half‐plane consisting of a functionally graded material (FGM). The dependences of the diffracted and scattered waves and of the local stress concentration fields on key problem parameters such as size and depth of the embedded crack, surface elasticity effects, type and characteristics of the incident wave, and the dynamic interaction phenomenon between the crack and the free‐surface boundary are all examined through parametric studies.
Relationship between molecular response and quality of life with bosutinib or imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Brümmendorf Tim H. , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Bushmakin Andrew G. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Viqueira Andrea , Reisman Arlene , Isfort Susanne , Mamolo Carla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPatients with newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP CML) can be effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and achieve a lifespan similar to the general population. The success of TKIs, however, requires long-term and sometimes lifelong treatment; thus, patient-assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become an increasingly important parameter for treatment selection. Bosutinib is a TKI approved for CP CML in newly diagnosed adults and in those resistant or intolerant to prior therapy. In the Bosutinib Trial in First-Line Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment (BFORE), bosutinib demonstrated a significantly higher major molecular response rate compared with imatinib, with maintenance of HRQoL (measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia (FACT-Leu) questionnaire), after 12 months of first-line treatment. We examined relationships between molecular response (MR) and HRQoL. MR values were represented by a log-reduction scale (MRLR; a continuous variable). A repeated-measures longitudinal model was used to estimate the relationships between MRLR as a predictor and each FACT-Leu domain as an outcome. Effect sizes were calculated to determine strength of effects and allow comparisons across domains. The majority of FACT-Leu domains (with the exception of social well-being and physical well-being) demonstrated a significant relationship with MRLR (p < 0.05). Our results showed variable impact of clinical improvement on different dimensions of HRQoL. For patients who achieved MR5, emotional well-being and leukemia-specific domains showed the greatest improvement, with medium differences in effect sizes, whereas social well-being and physical well-being had the weakest relationship with MR.
Transcallosal, transchoroidal clipping of a hypothalamic collateral vessel aneurysm in Moyamoya disease
Authors: Ho Wing Mann , Görke Alice Stephanie , Dazinger Florian , Pfausler Bettina , Gizewski Elke R. , Petr Ondra , Thomé Claudius 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeripheral collateral vessel aneurysms in Moyamoya disease (MMD) remain difficult to treat due to their deep location, small size, and vascular fragility. We report the case of an aneurysm localized in the hypothalamus, which was rapidly increasing in size with repeated hemorrhage despite revascularization surgery. Aneurysm clipping was performed to prevent further progress and rerupture with favorable outcome. To our best knowledge, this is the first description of a hypothalamic aneurysm in MMD being clipped via a transcallosal, transchoroidal approach through the third ventricle.
Carpathian Basin climate according to Köppen and a clothing resistance scheme
Authors: Ács Ferenc , Zsákai Annamária , Kristóf Erzsébet , Szabó Amanda Imola , Breuer Hajnalka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Carpathian Basin climate in the time period 1971–2000 is analyzed in terms of the results obtained by the Köppen method and a clothing resistance scheme. A clothing resistance scheme is based on human body energy balance considerations taking into account human interperson variations as simply as possible. Interperson variations are considered by estimating human body somatotypes using the Heath-Carter somatotype classification method. Non-sweating, walking humans in outdoor conditions are treated. Environmental and human data are taken from the CarpatClim dataset and a Hungarian human dataset, respectively. Though the biophysical bases of the methods are completely different, the spatial structure of thermal climates expressed in terms of Köppen climate types and the clothing resistance parameter rcl are basically similar. A clothing resistance scheme creates more information than the Köppen method not only in mountain, plateau areas but also in lowlands. It is shown that more human thermal climate categories can refer to one Köppen climate formula irrespective of which Köppen formulae are considered. The magnitude and area heterogeneity of rcl is strongly sensitive to human somatotype changes. A clothing resistance scheme cannot be used in classroom applications; it needs to be drastically simplified while maintaining its sensitivity to somatotype changes in order to be competitive with the Köppen method.
Brittle anisotropic fracture propagation in quartz sandstone: insights from phase-field simulations
Authors: Prajapati Nishant , Herrmann Christoph , Späth Michael , Schneider Daniel , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe developed a generalized multiphase-field modeling framework for addressing the problem of brittle fracture propagation in quartz sandstones at microscopic length scale. Within this numerical approach, the grain boundaries and crack surfaces are modeled as diffuse interfaces. The two novel aspects of the model are the formulations of (I) anisotropic crack resistance in order to account for preferential cleavage planes within each randomly oriented quartz grain and (II) reduced interfacial crack resistance for incorporating lower fracture toughness along the grain boundaries that might result in intergranular crack propagation. The presented model is capable of simulating the competition between inter- and transgranular modes of fracturing based on the nature of grain boundaries, while exhibiting preferred fracturing directions within each grain. In the full parameter space, the model can serve as a powerful tool to investigate the complicated fracturing processes in heterogeneous polycrystalline rocks comprising of grains of distinct elastic properties, cleavage planes, and grain boundary attributes. We demonstrate the performance of the model through the representative numerical examples.
Atomism and Fundamentality
Authors: Schnieder Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe paper focusses on two claims about metaphysical structure: Atomism and Fundamentalism. The first of these claims says that there are mereological atoms, i.e. minimal elements in the mereological structure of reality. The second says that there are fundamental truths, i.e. minimal elements in the grounding structure of reality. A philosopher who defended both of these claims was Bernard Bolzano; the present paper is an exploration of his views on the matter.