bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Factors Associated with Recurrence Patterns after Intended Curative Surgery for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wu Chew‐Wun , Lo Su‐Shun , Shen King‐Han , Hsieh Mao‐Chih , Chen Jen‐Hao , Chiang Jen‐Huey , Lin Hwai‐Jeng , Li Anna F.‐Y. , Lui Wing‐Yiu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecurrence after curative resection for gastric cancer remains high. We examined its incidence and factors related to recurrence pattern, while trying to avoid the interaction of various factors. A total of 611 gastric cancer patients after resection for curative intent (1988–1995) were analyzed. The result showed that 245 patients had recurrence (40.1%). Cumulative recurrence rates were 53.5%, 80%, 89.0%, 94.7%, 96.3%, 98%, and 99.5% at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 years, respectively. Over half of patients with recurrence (123; 50.2%) had an initial single recurrence. Taking single and multiple recurrence together, most recurrences (213; 86.9%) were distant metastases, 110 recurrences (44.9%) were local relapses, and 78 recurrences (49.8%) were both local and distant. Among the distant metastases, 131 patients (53.5%) had peritoneal dissemination, 106 patients (43.3%) had hematogenous metastases, and 70 patients (28.6%) had distant lymphatic spread. Scirrhous‐type stromal reaction, serosa invasion, and female gender were factors negatively related to peritoneal recurrence. Medullary‐type stromal reaction and male gender showed a preference for locoregional recurrence, and expanding growth tumor commonly led to hematogenous metastasis. Patients who had paraaortic lymph node metastasis were at high risk of developing distant lymphatic recurrence. It is conceivable that the patterns of recurrence and the times to recurrence provide a biological basis for clinical monitoring of patients with the aim of modifying therapeutic modalities.
Utilization of Fine‐needle Aspiration in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy at Two Academic Centers across the Atlantic
Authors: Chen Herbert , Dudley Nicholas E. , Westra William H. , Sadler Gregory P. , Udelsman Robert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) has been accepted as a first‐line test in patients with thyroid masses, the utilization of FNA varies even among experienced surgeons. To determine its utility we compared FNA results, pathology, and clinical results in patients who underwent thyroidectomy in two major endocrine centers on both sides of the Atlantic: one in the United States (US) and another in the United Kingdom (UK). Between January 1997 and March 1998 a total of 84 patients underwent thyroid surgery at the UK center, and 143 underwent thyroidectomy at the US center. The most common indication for thyroidectomy at the UK center was compressive goiter (CG), whereas follicular neoplasm (FN) was the most common indication at the US center. Bilateral thyroid resections, frozen section utilization, and thyroid cancer surgery were more common at the US center. Thyroidectomy for symptomatic multinodular goiter and Graves’ disease was more prevalent at the UK center. Thyroid gland weights were also significantly greater in the UK, indicating a higher incidence of endemic goiter. FNA was more commonly employed in the US center (84% vs. 52%; p < 0.001). Despite the differing utilization of FNA at these major endocrine centers, only one thyroid cancer at each institution was not detected preoperatively (both patients had a benign FNA result). Therefore there were no clinically significant thyroid cancers found in patients who did not undergo preoperative FNA. In conclusion, FNA appears to be differentially utilized depending on the incidence of endemic goiter, Graves’ disease, and thyroid cancer. In this series no clinically significant thyroid cancers were found in patients who did not undergo preoperative FNA. Therefore in the hands of experienced thyroid surgeons, FNA can be utilized selectively based on the clinical presentation.
Spontaneous Pancreatic Bleeding
Authors: Henriksson Anders E. , Bergqvist David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA condition of massive pancreatic hemorrhage without relation to injury, inflammation, or aneurysm is described. Seven patients treated between 1972 and 2001 with spontaneous pancreatic bleeding were reviewed. Follow‐up examinations were performed in 1999. At the time of presentation, all patients had abdominal pain, upper abdominal tenderness, and shock, findings that led laparotomy, where the diagnosis was made. The treatment was suture ligation in every case. The postoperative course was uncomplicated for five of the seven patients. The other two patients died. In conclusion, spontaneous pancreatic bleeding is rare and, because of shock and the need for urgent surgery, the diagnosis cannot be made preoperatively. The immediate mortality seems to be high.
Pathologic Features and Long‐term Results in Early Gastric Cancer: Report of 116 Cases 8–13 Years after Surgery
Authors: Basili Giancarlo , Nesi Gabriella , Barchielli Alessandro , Manetti Andrea , Biliotti Giancarlo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne hundred sixteen patients who underwent surgery for early gastric cancer (EGC) at Careggi General Hospital in Florence between 1987 and 1992 were studied with regard to clinicopathologic features, incidence, and recurrence of the disease. The overall 5‐year cumulative survival rate was 87.5%, and the disease‐specific 5‐year survival rate was 88.2%. EGC was limited to the mucosa in 43 patients (37%), while it infiltrated the submucosa in 73 others (63%). At the time of surgery, 9.5% of patients were found to have lymph node metastasis, always concomitant with submucosal invasion. There was 1 postoperative death (0.8%); 16 patients (13.7%) died of tumor recurrence, and 20 (17.2%) died of unrelated causes. Analysis of recurrence showed an intestinal histotype in 13 patients (81.2%), submucosal infiltration in 14 patients (87.5%), a Pen‐A growth pattern in 8 patients (50%), and lymph node involvement in 3 patients (18.7%). The Cox proportional hazard model indicated that age and depth of wall invasion were statistically significant. The best predictor of survival appears to be the depth of invasion within the gastric wall. The claim by several investigators that prognosis for EGC is also associated with the presence of lymph node involvement is not supported by the present study. The postoperative 5‐year survival rate in node‐negative patients was 88.8% compared to 81.8% in node‐positive patients (p = 0.296).
Preoperative Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for the Management of Cholecystocholedocholithiasis: 10‐Year Experience
Authors: Sarli Leopoldo , Iusco Domenico R. , Roncoroni Luigi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNo procedure has yet been identified as the “gold standard” for the detection and treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This prospective study involves 2137 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The algorithm for diagnostic management in place until July 1997 involved routine intravenous cholangiography and selective endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Subsequently, assessment of the bile duct was not routinely performed, but a scoring system was applied to single out those patients at risk of CBDS who should undergo intravenous cholangiography and/or ERC (see Fig. 2). Whenever bile duct stones were found, endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was performed, and LC was performed with a standardized four‐cannula technique after endoscopic bile duct stone clearance. Common bile duct stones were suspected in 340 patients who were referred for preoperative ERC; 250 patients were referred for ES; 21 patients were referred for open surgery because of failure of ERC or sphincterotomy. Common bile duct stones, detected in 283 cases (13.2%), were removed before surgery in 250 cases (88.3%) and during surgery in 28 cases (9.9%). Self‐limited pancreatitis occurred in 4.2% of the patients after sphincterotomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 98.4% of the cases. The conversion rate was 8.3% if sphincterotomy had been performed previously and 3.4% after standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p < 0.001). The morbidity rate was 4.5%; mortality, 0.09%. During follow‐up five patients (0.2%) had retained stones endoscopically treated. Future trials of novel strategies for detecting and treating CBDS should compare the results of novel strategies with those of the strategy employed in this study, which includes selective ERC, preoperative ES, and LC.
Expression of Cyclooxygenases in Helicobacter pylori Gastritis and Residual Gastritis after Distal Gastrectomy
Authors: Fukumoto Satoshi , Ichihara Takao , Takada Moriatsu , Kuroda Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt has long been thought that duodenal reflux induces residual gastritis after distal gastrectomy. H. pylori infection appears to be another factor in residual gastritis; and H. pylori induced gastritis may exist preoperatively or may have been introduced postoperatively. Up until now, the surgical effect itself and H. pylori infection have not been well differentiated as causes of residual gastritis. Our aim in this study was to clarify the relationship between the surgical effect and H. pylori infection in residual gastritis. A residual gastritis model using the Mongolian gerbil has been established with microsurgical technique. Residual gastritis with and without H. pylori infection has been studied by histopathological examination and quantitated by Rauws’ score. The expression of cyclooxygenase (both COX‐1 and COX‐2) has also been examined immunohistologically. Elevation of pH in gastric juice after surgery was confirmed. H. pylori infection led to deterioration after surgery. The postoperative Rauws’ score with infection is higher than without infection. Levels of COX‐1 were higher after surgery in both animals. COX‐2 was not expressed in the animals without infection and only a little was expressed in the animals with infection. COX‐2 was strongly expressed in the operated animals with infection, but the surgical effect was minute in the animals without infection. Residual gastritis consisted of both surgical gastritis and H. pylori gastritis. H. pylori gastritis is curable with eradication of the organism, but surgical gastritis is not. The COX inhibitor can be a good candidate in preventing residual gastritis after eradication of the H. pylori organism. The clinical implications of COX expression for patients with residual gastritis might deserve further study in the point of treatment of surgical and H. pylori gastritis.
Cardiovascular Events before and after Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Vestergaard Peter , Mollerup Charlotte L. , Frøkjær Vibe Gedsø , Christiansen Peer , Blichert‐Toft Mogens , Mosekilde Leif 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease [atherosclerosis and subsequent myocardial infarction (MI)] has been associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. We aimed at studying cardiovascular events before and after surgery and mortality after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism using a historical follow‐up design. A total of 674 patients who underwent surgery at three Danish centers between January 1, 1979 and December 31, 1997 were compared with 2021 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. There was an increased incidence of acute MI up to 10 years prior to surgery [relative risk (RR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.5–4.2] and within the first year following surgery (RR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7–7.6). The risk of MI subsequently declined to a normal level more than 1 year after surgery. Patients with MI prior to diagnosis also had a higher postoperative risk of new infarction than did patients without [odds ratio (OR) 6.0, 95% CI 1.2–30.0]. The risk of hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, and diabetes was increased before surgery. More than 1 year after surgery only hypertension and congestive heart failure were more frequent in patients than controls. Preoperative cardiovascular disease was associated with an increased risk of death (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.8). Mortality following surgery was higher than in the general population between 1979 and 1990 but not between 1991 and 1997. We concluded that there was an increase in acute MI up to 10 years prior to surgery. The risk of MI decreased to a normal level after surgery, which may be important for preventing cardiovascular disease in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Patients with Elevated Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels after Parathyroidectomy: Showing Signs of Decreased Peripheral Parathyroid Hormone Sensitivity
Authors: Nordenström Erik , Westerdahl Johan , Isaksson Anders , Lindblom Pia , Bergenfelz Anders 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have previously shown that patients with elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) after surgery for parathyroid adenoma have normal parathyroid and renal function but demonstrate signs of remineralization of cortical bone, decreased calcium absorption, and low levels of vitamin D. We hypothesized that decreased peripheral PTH sensitivity could also be of importance for this condition. Thirteen patients operated on for a solitary parathyroid adenoma, with a mean ± SD preoperative serum level of calcium of 2.72 ± 0.12 mmol/L, were investigated 6 weeks after surgery with a standardized PTH (1‐34) infusion test for 6 hours. The eight patients with elevated PTH levels had less increase in serum levels of ionized calcium (0.02 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than did the five patients with normal PTH levels (0.06 ± 0.02 mmol/L) (p < 0.05). Patients with elevated PTH also showed less decrease in serum phosphate levels (p < 0.05) and a trend to a larger decrease in the excretion of urinary calcium (p = 0.08). The increase in 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not differ between the two groups of patients. Thus patients operated on for parathyroid adenoma with postoperatively elevated serum PTH levels showed decreased peripheral sensitivity to PTH.
Establishment of a conditional Nomo1 mouse model by CRISPR/Cas9 technology
Authors: García-Tuñón Ignacio , Vuelta Elena , Lozano Laura , Herrero María , Méndez Lucía , Palomero-Hernandez Javier , Pérez-Caro María , Pérez-García Jessica , González-Sarmiento Rogelio , Sánchez-Martín Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Nomo1 gene mediates a wide range of biological processes of importance in embryonic development. Accordingly, constitutive perturbation of Nomo1 function may result in myriad developmental defects that trigger embryonic lethality. To extend our understanding of Nomo1 function in postnatal stages and in a tissue-specific manner, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model of Nomo1. To achieve this, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology in C57Bl/6J mouse zygotes to generate a new mouse model in which exon 3 of the Nomo1 gene is specifically flanked (or floxed) by LoxP sites (Nomo1f/f). Nomo1f/f mouse embryonic fibroblasts were transduced with a Cre adenovirus and efficiently recombined between LoxP sites. Genomic and expression studies in Nomo1-transduced MEFs demonstrated that the Nomo1 exon 3 is ablated. Western blot assay showed that no protein or early truncated protein is produced. In vivo assay crossing Nomo1f/f mouse with a Msi1-CRE transgenic mouse corroborated the previous findings and it showed Nomo1 exon 3 deletion at msi1+ cell compartment. This short technical report demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a simple and easy method for creating conditional mouse models. The Nomo1f/f mouse will be useful to researchers who wish to explore the role of Nomo1 in any developmental stage or in a tissue-specific manner.
The Glassy Structure Formation and Phase Evolution in Mechanically Alloyed and Spark Plasma-Sintered Al-TM-RE Alloys
Authors: Maurya Ram S. , Laha Tapas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study deals with the comparative study of amorphization tendency of Al86Ni6Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2 and Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 alloy powders via mechanical alloying performed at 300 revolution per minute with ball-to-powder ratio of 15:1 and subsequently the devitrification tendency of 300 °C and 500 °C spark plasma-sintered bulk amorphous alloys. Mechanically alloyed Al86Ni6Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2 and Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 powders yielded nearly fully amorphous structure after 140, 170 and 200 h, respectively. The requirement of prolonged milling was attributed to the soft and ductile nature of aluminum with high stacking fault energy. Amorphous powders were consolidated via spark plasma sintering at 300 and 500 °C by applying a constant pressure of 500 MPa. X-ray diffraction was performed on the 300- and 500 °C-sintered samples. XRD patterns of the 300 °C-sintered alloys exhibited very-low-intensity nanocrystalline FCC-Al peak overlaying an amorphous hump evincing retention of a large amount of the amorphous phase. Enhanced devitrification tendency was reported in the 500 °C-sintered alloys; however, a major difference in the devitrification tendency of the 500 °C-sintered Al86Ni8Y6, Al86Ni6Y6Co2 and Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 alloys was that the quinary alloy exhibited higher tendency of devitrification, which was also corroborated by performing HRTEM and analytical TEM experiment. This could be attributed to the higher probability of coupling of atoms by short-range atomic shuffling during spark plasma sintering. Vickers hardness, and relative density estimated via Archimedes’ principle, varied depending on the degree of free volume annihilation and crystallization during sintering.
Effect of within-session breaks in play on responsible gambling behaviour during sustained monetary losses
Authors: Parke Adrian , Dickinson Patrick , O’Hare Louise , Wilson Liam , Westerman-Hughes Greg , Gerling Kathrin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRapid, continuous gambling formats are associated with higher risks for gambling-related harm in terms of excessive monetary and time expenditure. The current study investigated the effect on gambling response latency and persistence, of a new form of within-game intervention that required players to actively engage in response inhibition via monitoring for stop signals. Seventy-four experienced electronic gaming machine gamblers, with a mean age of 35.28 years, were recruited to participate in a rapid, continuous gambling task where real money could be won and lost. Participants were randomly allocated to either the control condition where no intervention was presented, or either a condition with a passive three minute break in play or a condition with a three minute intervention that required participants to engage in response inhibition. Although there was no main effect for experimental condition on gambling persistence, both interventions were effective in elevating response latency during a period of sustained losses. It was concluded that within-game interventions that create an enforced break in play are effective in increasing response latency between bets during periods of sustained losses. Furthermore, within-game interventions that require active involvement appear to be more effective in increasing response latency than standard, passive breaks in play.
Evidence-based follow-up in colorectal cancer—quo vadis?
Authors: Maglione Manuel , Perathoner Alexander 
Published: December 2019

SummaryColorectal cancer is the third most common and the third most lethal cancer disease in the western world. As most patients undergo treatment with curative intent at initial diagnosis, postoperative surveillance protocols have been established with the primary aim to detect possible disease recurrence in an early resectable stage. Various international guidelines recommend an intensive surveillance protocol over a 5-year time period. These guidelines are based on the reported significant benefit regarding overall patient survival, and on the observation that 90% of recurrences occur within the first 5 years following resection. Surveillance protocols include regular clinical examinations, measurement of the carcinoembryonic antigen, computed tomography scans and regular endoscopies. While there is plenty of evidence regarding the scheduling of endoscopies, the frequency of carcinoembryonic antigen measurements and computed tomography scans has been ever since under debate. The benefit of intensive compared to low frequency surveillance protocols regarding disease-specific survival has never been shown. Moreover, recent meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials challenge current guidelines. Intensive carcinoembryonic antigen assessment and computed tomography scan follow-up protocols seem to fail in generating better overall and disease-specific survival in colorectal cancer patients compared to less intensive surveillance strategies. This change over the last few decades parallels the treatment evolution of colorectal cancer from a primarily surgical to a multidisciplinary task. Instead of advocating a reduction of the follow-up intensity, these findings should stimulate the colorectal oncology field to move from a one-fits-all to a patient-centered surveillance.
Social Robotics and Engineering Students: Do They Match? Does Culture Matter?
Authors: Erden Mustafa Suphi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the level of familiarity and interest of students towards social robotics through a survey conducted with the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Students at Heriot-Watt University in the UK and Electrical Engineering Students at Xidian University in China. The results indicate that whereas there is no significant difference in the level of familiarity within the three groups of students and no significant difference in the level of interest between the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Students at Heriot Watt University, there is a statistically significant difference in the level of interest towards social robotics between the Heriot-Watt University and Xidian University Students. Xidian University Students demonstrate a higher level of interest towards social robotics. The qualitative analysis shows that many of the Xidian University Students are willing to perceive and have robots as companions whereas none of the Heriot-Watt University Students show such or similar tendency. This observation indicates that cultural background plays a significant role in interests and preferences of the students towards social robotics.
Eleventh Graders’ Increasingly Elaborate Language Use for Disentangling Amount and Change: A Case Study on the Epistemic Role of Syntactic Language Complexity
Authors: Prediger Susanne , Şahin-Gür Dilan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe syntactic dimension of academic language has often been studied with respect to students’ difficulties with syntactic features in mathematical textbooks and test items, and these studies have contributed to understanding the communicative role of language. In contrast, the epistemic role of students’ language use has mainly been explored in lexical and discourse dimensions. This research has shown that higher order cognitive demands require more elaborate language means. The aim of this article is to contribute to theorizing the epistemic role of syntactic language complexity by means of a topic-specific investigation using the mathematical topic of qualitative calculus, i.e., the informal meanings of amount and change. In order to do this, the learning process study presented in this article investigates 18 eleventh graders’ conceptual pathways while dealing with challenging tasks on amount and change. The identification of different syntactic complexities in students’ utterances provides an overview of the variance of possible phrase structures. Further, it shows that successive conceptual conciseness requires either increasing syntactic complexity or conceptual condensation. So increasing elaborateness in the lexical and syntactic dimensions seem to compensate each other.