bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual-based simulations of genome evolution with ancestry: the GenomeAdmixR R package
Authors: Janzen Thijs , Diaz Fernando 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTHybridization between populations or species results in a mosaic of the two parental genomes. This and other types of genome admixture have received increasing attention for their implications in speciation, human evolution, Evolve and Resequence (E&R) and genetic mapping. However, a thorough understanding of how local ancestry changes after admixture, and how selection affects patterns of local ancestry remains elusive. The complexity of these questions limits analytical treatment, but these scenarios are specifically suitable for simulation.Here, we present the R package GenomeAdmixR, which uses an individual-based model to simulate genomic patterns following admixture forward in time. GenomeAdmixR provides user-friendly functions to set up and analyze simulations under evolutionary scenarios with selection, linkage and migration.We show the flexible functionality of the GenomeAdmixR workflow by demonstrating 1) how to design an E&R simulation using GenomeAdmixR and 2) how to use GenomeAdmixR to verify analytical expectations following from the theory of junctions.GenomeAdmixR provides a mechanistic approach to explore expected genome responses to realistic admixture scenarios. With this package, we aim to aid researchers in testing specific hypotheses based on empirical findings involving admixing populations.
Extracting contrast in an X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy experiment under imperfect conditions
Authors: Hua Nelson , Zaluzhnyy Ivan A. , Hrkac Stjepan B. , Shabalin Anatoly G. , Shpyrko Oleg G. 
Published: October 2020

Pump–probe experiments at synchrotrons and free-electron lasers to study ultrafast dynamics in materials far from equilibrium have been well established, but techniques to investigate equilibrium dynamics on the nano- and pico-second timescales remain underdeveloped and experimentally challenging. A promising approach relies on a double-probe X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy setup at split-and-delay beamlines of X-ray free-electron lasers. However, the logistics in consistently producing two collinear, perfectly overlapping pulses necessary to conduct a faithful experiment is difficult to achieve. In this paper, a method is introduced to extract contrast in the case where an angular misalignment and imperfect overlap exists between the two pulses. Numerical simulations of a dynamical system show that contrast can still be extracted for significant angular misalignments accompanied by partial overlap between the two pulses.
Load balancing in the internet of things using fuzzy logic and shark smell optimization algorithm
Authors: Rui Xin , Wu Junying , Zhao Jianbin , Khamesinia Maryam Sadat 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Based on the positive features of the shark smell optimization (SSO) algorithm, the purpose of this paper is to propose a method based on this algorithm, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) model and fuzzy logic to minimize the energy consumption of integrated circuits of internet of things (IoT) nodes and maximize the load-balancing among them.

Design/methodology/approach
Load balancing is a key problem in any distributed environment such as cloud and IoT. It is useful when a few nodes are overloaded, a few are under-loaded and the remainders are idle without interrupting the functioning. As this problem is known as an NP-hard one and SSO is a powerful meta-hybrid method that inspires shark hunting behavior and their skill to detect and feel the smell of the bait even from far away, in this research, this study have provided a new method to solve this problem using the SSO algorithm. Also, the study have synthesized the fuzzy logic to counterbalance the load distribution. Furthermore, DVFS, as a powerful energy management method, is used to reduce the energy consumption of integrated circuits of IoT nodes such as processor and circuit bus by reducing the frequency.

Findings
The outcomes of the simulation have indicated that the proposed method has outperformed the hybrid ant colony optimization – particle swarm optimization and PSO regarding energy consumption. Similarly, it has enhanced the load balance better than the moth flame optimization approach and task execution node assignment algorithm.

Research limitations/implications
There are many aspects and features of IoT load-balancing that are beyond the scope of this paper. Also, given that the environment was considered static, future research can be in a dynamic environment.

Practical implications
The introduced method is useful for improving the performance of IoT-based applications. We can use these systems to jointly and collaboratively check, handle and control the networks in real-time. Also, the platform can be applied to monitor and control various IoT applications in manufacturing environments such as transportation systems, automated work cells, storage systems and logistics.

Originality/value
This study have proposed a novel load balancing technique for decreasing energy consumption using the SSO algorithm and fuzzy logic.
Injecting courage into strategy: the perspective of competitive advantage
Authors: Radomska Joanna , Wołczek Przemysław , Szpulak Aleksandra 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the mediating effect of four antecedents of competitive advantage on the linkage of risky strategy to firm performance, measured by revenue dynamics. It considers the roots of competitive advantage to highlight different patterns and foundations of achieving superior performance. It investigates whether pursuing a risky strategy fosters revenue dynamics growth and whether different mediators are included in that relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
Path analysis (structural equation modeling) method is used to analyze data from 122 companies of various sizes and industries. All respondents were responsible for executing strategic management processes. The paper used the subjective perspective, which is based on the individual opinion of senior company managers and owners.

Findings
The authors find a positive relationship between risky strategy and firm performance, but no evidence of a mediating role of competitive advantage and dynamic growth in this relationship. Competitive advantage should be perceived as a set of integrated factors that can be analyzed from an aggregated perspective. Integrating all antecedents requires a holistic and systematic approach and the development of a particular mindset. Aggregated competitive advantage is related to setting dynamic growth as a priority. However, no relationship between risky strategy and achieving competitive advantage, or between implementing a risky strategy and setting dynamic growth as a priority, is observed, which was assumed to explain the revenue dynamics growth.

Research limitations/implications
Secondary data should be analyzed to explore how risky strategies are manifested, and which managerial decisions are reflected in high-level risk. A multidimensional scale could be developed to check how risk shapes the constructs’ interdependence. Therefore, the dynamic capabilities approach could be further expanded.

Practical implications
This research offers insights into the short-term relationship between risky strategy and revenue dynamics, although competitive advantage does not mediate that relationship. Special attention should be paid to the selected antecedents of competitive advantage, as they influence dynamic growth.

Originality/value
This work provides insights into different antecedents of competitive advantage, which is not necessarily based on making risky decisions, and into factors that facilitate firm performance measured by revenue dynamics.
The impact of economic factors on the relationships between psychological contract breach and work outcomes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jayaweera Thushel , Bal Matthijs , Chudzikowski Katharina , de Jong Simon 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the macroeconomic factors that may moderate the psychological contract breach (PCB) and work outcome relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a meta-analysis based on data from 134 studies.FindingsThe study revealed that the inflation rate and the unemployment rate of a country moderated the association among employee PCB, job performance and turnover.Research limitations/implicationsThe availability of more detailed macroeconomic data against the PCB and outcome relationship for other countries and studies examining the impact of micro-economic data for PCB and outcome relationship would provide a better understanding of the context.Practical implicationsThe authors believe that the results highlight the importance of the national economy since it impacts individual outcomes following a breach.Social implicationsEmployment policies to capture the impact of macroeconomic circumstances as discussed.Originality/valueOne of the valuable contributions made by this paper is that the authors capture the current accumulative knowledge regarding the breach and performance and breach and turnover relationship. Second, the study examines how the inflation rate and unemployment rate could moderate the association between PCB and job performance and turnover.
Does economic freedom improve health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Sharma Anand 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic freedom on four key health indicators (namely, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate) by using a panel dataset of 34 sub-Saharan African countries from 2005 to 2016.Design/methodology/approachThe study obtains data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank and the Fraser Institute. It uses fixed effects regression to estimate the effect of economic freedom on health outcomes and attempts to resolve the endogeneity problems by using two-stage least squares regression (2SLS).FindingsThe results indicate a favourable impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. That is, higher levels of economic freedom reduce mortality rates and increase life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. All areas of economic freedom, except government size, have a significant and positive effect on health outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study analyses the effect of economic freedom on health at a broad level. Country-specific studies at a disaggregated level may provide additional information about the impact of economic freedom on health outcomes. Also, this study does not control for some important variables such as education, income inequality and foreign aid due to data constraints.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that sub-Saharan African countries should focus on enhancing the quality of economic institutions to improve their health outcomes. This may include policy reforms that support a robust legal system, protect property rights, promote free trade and stabilise the macroeconomic environment. In addition, policies that raise urbanisation, increase immunisation and lower the incidence of HIV are likely to produce a substantial improvement in health outcomes.Originality/valueExtant economic freedom-health literature does not focus on endogeneity problems. This study uses instrumental variables regression to deal with endogeneity. Also, this is one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the relationship between economic freedom and health in the case of sub-Saharan Africa.
Self-counciousness competence as driver of innovation and environmental commitment in higher education students
Authors: Fabregá Marian Buil , Masferrer Núria , Patau Josep , Miró Pérez Albert-P. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to analyse the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and innovation commitment and entrepreneurial skills and environmental commitment as drivers of awareness on sustainable development of higher education students.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 1,318 business and management students out of the 3,535 students of Tecnocampus Pompeu Fabra University in Spain during the 2017-2018 academic year was selected to conduct a survey regarding their entrepreneurial skills and sustainability commitment, resulting in a total number of responses of 515. A structural equation model is proposed to contrast the hypothesis.

Findings
The statistical analysis showed the existence of a positive relation between the entrepreneurial skill of self-consciousness, innovation and environmental commitment to foster sustainability and sustainable development. It is one of the few studies related to the self-conciousness competence of the entrepreneurial skills which found, as a novelty, that the entrepreneurial skill of self-consciousness is the skill with the greater impact on innovation and environmental commitment.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations of the study are that it is based on a sample of students taking entrepreneurship courses at a specific Spanish University that is not representative of all entrepreneurs in all universities.

Practical implications
The research proposes including entrepreneurial skills programmes in higher education and research programmes as a way to assure commitment to innovation and environmental sustainability.

Originality/value
Promoting entrepreneurial skills among higher education students could act as drivers for sustainable development.
The behaviour of wine consumers towards organic wine: a statistical analysis through the non-parametric combination test
Authors: Lanfranchi Maurizio , Zirilli Agata , Alibrandi Angela , Giannetto Carlo 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between consumers and organic wine purchases and how this production process can affect their willingness to pay a premium price. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to assess the role of organic attributes on the consumer’s choice, and how consumer socio-demographic characteristics influence the premium price for organic wine.

Design/methodology/approach
This survey represents the continuation of a paper already published by the same authors, which was aimed at identifying the factors that influence the preference and consumption of wine. The information about wine consumers was collected by the use of an ad hoc questionnaire, administered near very busy places, (supermarkets, main squares, theatres, universities and municipal offices) in a random way, within several municipalities in the province of Messina (Italy). The questionnaire, which was anonymous, was distributed directly with the face-to-face method. In total, 1,097 subjects compose the obtained sample. Among these, 459 subjects (42%) said they consumed organic wine, while the remaining 638 (58%) said they did not consume it. In this research, the non-parametric combination test is used, based on a permutation test, chosen for the several optimal properties which characterize it. Permutation tests represent an effective solution for problems concerning the testing of multidimensional hypotheses that are difficult to face in a parametric context.

Findings
The results obtained may have interesting implications for wineries in the prediction and choice of the company to convert traditional production into organic production, to meet new markets and new segments of consumers. In this direction, without any doubt, organic wines represent an opportunity for the wineries.

Research limitations/implications
Although field experiments are extremely useful for testing behavioural hypotheses, they are often limited by the small sample.

Originality/value
The originality of the research lies mainly in a deeper knowledge of organic wine consumption trends. The study carried out highlights how important it is to know which factors restrain consumers from buying wine so that companies can review their promotion and communication policies and, if possible, meet the needs of the market. The strength of this paper is the use of an adequate statistical instrument. This multivariate and multistrata procedure allows us to reach effective solutions concerning problems of multidimensional hypotheses verifying within the non-parametric permutation inference; it is used in different application fields that deal with the verifying of multidimensional hypotheses with a complexity that cannot be managed in a parametric context.
Understanding the internal audit function in a digitalised business environment
Authors: Betti Nathanaël , Sarens Gerrit 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to gain an in-depth understanding of how the internal audit function evolves in an increasingly digitalised business environment.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on 29 semi-structured interviews with members of management committees and internal auditors based in Belgium.

Findings
The analysis reveals that a digitalised business environment affects the internal audit function in three respects. First, it impacts its scope. The agility of the internal audit planning and the required digital knowledge are expected to increase and information technology (IT) risks gain importance, especially cybersecurity threats. Second, the demand for consulting activities performed by internal auditors is higher and third, digitalisation modifies the working practices of internal auditors in their day-to-day tasks. New technologies such as data analytics tools are being implemented progressively in internal audit departments and digital skills are considered a critical asset.

Research limitations/implications
This research was conducted in the European Union and gathers opinions of members of management committees and internal auditors. Future research could focus on other internal auditing stakeholders in other legal contexts.

Practical implications
The internal audit function needs to integrate IT and data analytics skills. In addition, the internal audit function should develop consulting activities to help organisations deal with the digitalisation of the business environment.

Originality/value
The impact of digitalisation on the internal audit function and its effect on internal audit practices is an underexplored area.
Constructing certainty through public budgeting: budgetary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Argento Daniela , Kaarbøe Katarina , Vakkuri Jarmo 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper provides a reflective comparison of the budgetary implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for three Nordic countries: Finland, Norway and Sweden.Design/methodology/approachBy drawing from the notion of ambiguity and constructions of certainty, this study analyzes the most relevant budgetary allocations and packages implemented by the governments of Finland, Norway and Sweden in response to the COVID-19 crisis using empirical documentary data.FindingsInfluenced by the need to save citizens' lives and protect the economy, the three countries have interpreted the COVID-19 threat in different ways. While Finland and Norway seem to be fighting a war against the virus, Sweden appears to view COVID-19 as an exceptionally difficult flu. These different perspectives are reflected in the strategies and budgetary responses implemented in the three countries.Originality/valueBy elaborating on the ambiguities of reality, causality and intentionality, this paper shows how the budgeting mindset aimed at creating certainties among citizens varies among the Nordic countries, which are generally assumed to be similar.
Study of the annealing influence on the mechanical performance of PA12 and PA12 fibre reinforced FFF printed specimens
Authors: Ferreira Isaac , Melo Carolina , Neto Rui , Machado Margarida , Alves Jorge Lino , Mould Sacha 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the mechanical performance of FFF parts when subjected to post processing thermal treatment. Therefore, a study of the annealing treatment influence on the mechanical properties was performed. For this, two different types of Nylon (PA12) were used, FX256 and CF15, being the second a short fibre reinforcement version of the first one.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, tensile and flexural properties of specimens produced via FFF were determined after being annealed at temperatures of 135°C, 150°C or 165°C during 3, 6, 12 or 18 h and compared with the non-treated conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to determine the degree of crystallinity. To evaluate the annealing parameters’ influence on the mechanical properties, a full factorial design of experiments was developed, followed by an analysis of variance, as well as post hoc comparisons, to determine the most significative intervening factors and their effect on the results.

Findings
The results indicate that CF15 increased its tensile modulus, strength, flexural modulus and flexural strength around 11%, while FX256 presented similar values for tensile properties, doubling for flexural results. Flexural strain presented an improvement, indicating an increased interlayer behaviour. Concerning to the DSC analysis, an increase in the degree of crystallinity for all the annealed parts.

Originality/value
Overall, the annealing treatment process cause a significant improvement in the mechanical performance of the material, with the exception of 165°C annealed specimens, in which a decrease of the mechanical properties was observed, resultant of material degradation.
The multiple meanings of omnivory influence empirical, modular theory and whole food web stability relationships
Authors: McLeod Anne M. , Leroux Shawn J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The persistence of whole communities hinges on the presence of select interactions which act to stabilize communities making the identification of these keystone interactions critical. One potential candidate is omnivory, yet theoretical research on omnivory thus far has been dominated by a modular theory approach whereby an omnivore and consumer compete for a shared resource. Empirical research, however, has highlighted the presence of a broader suite of omnivory modules.

Here, we integrate empirical data analysis and mathematical models to explore the influence of both omnivory module (including classic, multi‐resource, higher level, mutual predation and cannibalism) and omnivore–resource interaction type on food web stability.

We use six classic empirical food webs to examine the prevalence of the different types of omnivory, a multi‐species consumer–resource model to determine the stability of these different kinds of omnivory within a module context, and finally extend these models to a 50 species, whole food web model to examine the influence of omnivory on whole food web persistence.

Our results challenge the concept that omnivory is broadly stabilizing. In particular, we demonstrate that the impact of omnivory depends on the type of omnivory being examined with multi‐resource omnivory having the largest correlation with whole food web persistence. Moreover, our results highlight that we need to exercise caution when scaling modular theory to whole food web theory. Cannibalism, for example, was the most persistent and stable omnivory module in the modular theory analysis, but only demonstrated a weak correlation with whole food web persistence. Lastly, our results demonstrate that the frequency of omnivory modules are more important for whole food web persistence than the frequency of omnivore–resource interactions.

Together, these results demonstrate that the role of omnivory often depends both on the type of omnivory being examined and the food web within which it is nested. In whole food web models, omnivory acts less as a keystone interaction, rather, specific types of omnivory, particularly multi‐resource omnivory, act as keystone modules. Future work integrating module and whole food web theory is critical for resolving the role of key interactions in food webs.