bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable retention harvesting in the Douglas-fir region
Authors: Franklin Jerry F. , Donato Daniel C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVariable retention harvesting evolved in the Douglas-fir region of the Pacific Northwest gradually in response to increasing dissatisfaction with the ecological consequences of clear-cutting, from the standpoint of wildlife habitat and other important forest functions. It is a harvesting technique that can provide for retention (continuity) of such structures as large and old live trees, snags, and logs. Variable retention is based on the natural model of the biological legacies that are typically left behind following natural disturbances, such as wildfire, wind, and flood. Variable retention is also an important technique for fulfilling the first silvicultural principle of ecological forestry, that of providing for continuity in structure, function, and composition between forest generations. The history and current application of variable retention approaches on forests in western Washington and Oregon states (USA), where many of the fundamental concepts were first developed and applied, is described in this article.
Crowdsourcing in health and medical research: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Cheng , Han Larry , Stein Gabriella , Day Suzanne , Bien-Gund Cedric , Mathews Allison , Ong Jason J. , Zhao Pei-Zhen , Wei Shu-Fang , Walker Jennifer , Chou Roger , Lee Amy , Chen Angela , Bayus Barry , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Crowdsourcing is used increasingly in health and medical research. Crowdsourcing is the process of aggregating crowd wisdom to solve a problem. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize quantitative evidence on crowdsourcing to improve health.

Methods
We followed Cochrane systematic review guidance and systematically searched seven databases up to September 4th 2019. Studies were included if they reported on crowdsourcing and related to health or medicine. Studies were excluded if recruitment was the only use of crowdsourcing. We determined the level of evidence associated with review findings using the GRADE approach.

Results
We screened 3508 citations, accessed 362 articles, and included 188 studies. Ninety-six studies examined effectiveness, 127 examined feasibility, and 37 examined cost. The most common purposes were to evaluate surgical skills (17 studies), to create sexual health messages (seven studies), and to provide layperson cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) out-of-hospital (six studies). Seventeen observational studies used crowdsourcing to evaluate surgical skills, finding that crowdsourcing evaluation was as effective as expert evaluation (low quality). Four studies used a challenge contest to solicit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing promotion materials and increase HIV testing rates (moderate quality), and two of the four studies found this approach saved money. Three studies suggested that an interactive technology system increased rates of layperson initiated CPR out-of-hospital (moderate quality). However, studies analyzing crowdsourcing to evaluate surgical skills and layperson-initiated CPR were only from high-income countries. Five studies examined crowdsourcing to inform artificial intelligence projects, most often related to annotation of medical data. Crowdsourcing was evaluated using different outcomes, limiting the extent to which studies could be pooled.

Conclusions
Crowdsourcing has been used to improve health in many settings. Although crowdsourcing is effective at improving behavioral outcomes, more research is needed to understand effects on clinical outcomes and costs. More research is needed on crowdsourcing as a tool to develop artificial intelligence systems in medicine.

Trial registration
PROSPERO: CRD42017052835. December 27, 2016.
Re-prioritizing traffic stops to reduce motor vehicle crash outcomes and racial disparities
Authors: Fliss Mike Dolan , Baumgartner Frank , Delamater Paul , Marshall Steve , Poole Charles , Robinson Whitney 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Law enforcement traffic stops are one of the most common entryways to the US justice system. Conventional frameworks suggest traffic stops promote public safety by reducing dangerous driving practices and non-vehicular crime. Law enforcement agencies have wide latitude in enforcement, including prioritization of stop types: (1) safety (e.g. moving violation) stops, (2) investigatory stops, or (3) economic (regulatory and equipment) stops. In order to prevent traffic crash fatalities and reduce racial disparities, the police department of Fayetteville, North Carolina significantly re-prioritized safety stops.

Methods
Annual traffic stop, motor vehicle crash, and crime data from 2002 to 2016 were combined to examine intervention (2013–2016) effects. Fayetteville was compared against synthetic control agencies built from 8 similar North Carolina agencies by weighted matching on pre-intervention period trends and comparison against post-intervention trends.

Results
On average over the intervention period as compared to synthetic controls, Fayetteville increased both the number of safety stops + 121% (95% confidence interval + 17%, + 318%) and the relative proportion of safety stops (+ 47%). Traffic crash and injury outcomes were reduced, including traffic fatalities − 28% (− 64%, + 43%), injurious crashes − 23% (− 49%, + 16%), and total crashes − 13% (− 48%, + 21%). Disparity measures were reduced, including Black percent of traffic stops − 7% (− 9%, − 5%) and Black vs. White traffic stop rate ratio − 21% (− 29%, − 13%). In contrast to the Ferguson Effect hypothesis, the relative de-prioritization of investigatory stops was not associated with an increase in non-traffic crime outcomes, which were reduced or unchanged, including index crimes − 10% (− 25%, + 8%) and violent crimes − 2% (− 33%, + 43%). Confidence intervals were estimated using a different technique and, given small samples, may be asymmetrical.

Conclusions
The re-prioritization of traffic stop types by law enforcement agencies may have positive public health consequences both for motor vehicle injury and racial disparity outcomes while having little impact on non-traffic crime.
Adenocarcinosarcoma at the esophagogastric junction with long esophageal invasion: a case report
Authors: Furukawa Kenichiro , Niihara Masahiro , Kawata Takuya , Mayanagi Shuhei , Tsubosa Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is a rare malignancy with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. There is no report of carcinosarcoma arising from the EGJ wherein the carcinomatous element was adenocarcinoma. We describe a patient with carcinosarcoma of the EGJ in which the carcinomatous element was adenocarcinoma.

Case presentation
A 52-year-old man was diagnosed with carcinoma on his EGJ after complaining of appetite loss. All tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9) were within the respective normal ranges. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a 150-mm (100 mm esophageal side and 50 mm gastric side) type 1 tumor on his EGJ. A histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen revealed well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma at the gastric side; however, only necrotic tissue was noted on the esophageal side. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography did not reveal any invasion of the adjacent structures; however, it did show five swollen regional lymph nodes. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography did not reveal distant metastases. We performed thoracic subtotal esophagectomy, total gastrectomy, and two-field plus left cervical paraesophageal lymphadenectomy. Macroscopically, the lesion consisted of two components: a 7.5-cm type 2 tumor and a 9-cm type 1 tumor at the proximal end of the type 2 tumor. Microscopically, the type 2 tumor showed predominantly solid or cribriform proliferation of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm, which was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic-like differentiation. The tumor cells of the adenocarcinoma component had periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive globules and were positive for sal-like protein 4 (SALL 4) and negative for α-fetoprotein (AFP) or human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2). The type 1 tumors consisted of the adenocarcinoma-like type 2 tumor and spindle cells (sarcomatous component). Part of the sarcomatous component showed cartilage differentiation. The type 2 and type 1 lesions were continuous lesions. The epicenter of the tumor was located at the EGJ. The adenocarcinoma component was present in 10 of 27 resected lymph nodes. The tumor was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma of the EGJ.

Conclusions
We report a rare patient with carcinosarcoma of the EGJ wherein the carcinomatous element was adenocarcinoma.
Characterization of the microbiome associated with in situ earthen materials
Authors: Simons Alexis , Bertron Alexandra , Aubert Jean-Emmanuel , Roux Christophe , Roques Christine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current increase in public awareness of environmental risks is giving rise to a growth of interest in the microbiological safety of buildings. In particular, microbial proliferation on construction materials can be responsible for the degradation of indoor air quality that can increase health-risk to occupants. Raw earth materials are still widely used throughout the world and, in some cases, are linked to heritage habitats, as in the southwest of France. Moreover, these building materials are currently the subject of renewed interest for ecological and economic reasons. However, the microbial status of earthen materials raises major concerns: could the microbiome associated with such natural materials cause disease in building occupants? Very few analyses have been performed on the microbial communities present on these supports. Characterizing the raw earth material microbiome is also important for a better evaluation and understanding of the susceptibility of such materials to microbial development. This study presents the distribution of in situ bacterial and fungal communities on different raw earth materials used in construction. Various buildings were sampled in France and the microbial communities present were characterized by amplicon high-throughput sequencing (bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS1 region). Bacterial culture isolates were identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.ResultsThe major fungal and bacterial genera identified were mainly associated with conventional outdoor and indoor environmental communities, and no specific harmful bacterial species were detected on earthen materials. However, contrary to expectations, few human-associated genera were detected in dwellings. We found lower microbial alpha-diversity in earthen material than is usually found in soil, suggesting a loss of diversity during the use of these materials in buildings. Interestingly enough, the main features influencing microbial communities were building history and room use, rather than material composition.ConclusionsThese results constitute a first in-depth analysis of microbial communities present on earthen materials in situ and may be considered as a first referential to investigate microbial communities on such materials according to environmental conditions and their potential health impact. The bacterial and fungal flora detected were similar to those found in conventional habitats and are thought to be mainly impacted by specific events in the building’s life, such as water damage.
The impact of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute data: analyzing published articles that used BioLINCC open access data
Authors: AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , El Khatib Osama , Al-qawasmi Ola , Alkasrawi Hadeel , al Zu’bi Raneem , Abu-Halaweh Maram , alkanash Yara , Habash Ibrahim 
Published: January 2020

Background: Data sharing is now a mandatory prerequisite for several major funders and journals, where researchers are obligated to deposit the data resulting from their studies in an openly accessible repository. Biomedical open data are now widely available in almost all disciplines, where researchers can freely access and reuse these data in new studies. We aim to assess the impact of open data in terms of publications generated using open data and citations received by these publications, where we will analyze publications that used the Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (BioLINCC) as an example. Methods: As of July 2019, there was a total of 194 datasets stored in BioLINCC repository and accessable through their portal. We requested the full list of publications that used these datasets from BioLINCC, and we also performed a supplementary PubMed search for other publications. We used Web of Science (WoS) to analyze the characteristics of publications and the citations they received. Results: 1,086 published articles used data from BioLINCC repository, but only 987 (90.88%) articles were WoS indexed. The number of publications has steadily increased since 2002 and peaked in 2018 with a total number of 138 publications on that year. The 987 open data publications received a total of 34,181 citations up to 1st October 2019. The average citation per item for the open data publications was 34.63. The total number of citations received by open data publications per year has increased from only 2 citations in 2002, peaking in 2018 with 2361 citations. Conclusion: The vast majority of studies that used BioLINCC open data were published in WoS indexed journals and are receiving an increasing number of citations.
Revisión sistemática sobre la reducción de efectos emocionales negativos en trabajadores del área de emergencias y catástrofes mediante técnicas de catarsis
Authors: Prieto-Callejero Blanca , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Alvarado-Gómez Francisco , Dias Adriano , García-Iglesias Juan Jesús , Ruiz-Frutos Carlos 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Analizar las técnicas de catarsis empleadas en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes.
Métodos: Revisión sistemática realizada en 7 bases de datos bibliográficas Medline-Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO y otras fuentes secundarias, para artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2017, con los términos «catarsis», «emergencias», «debriefing» y «estrés post-traumático».
Resultados: Los criterios de inclusión fueron cumplidos por 5 artículos. Los estudios muestran que es común entre el personal sanitario la exposición al sufrimiento y a las experiencias traumáticas, suponiendo repercusiones negativas manifestadas a nivel físico, psicológico y cognitivo tras situaciones de emergencias y catástrofes. Para algunos autores, el debriefing ofrece un lugar para descargar las emociones y reducir el impacto del estrés en la vida de los trabajadores de emergencia actuando como una red de apoyo para que dichos trabajadores puedan reconstruir sus experiencias y verbalizar sus pensamientos y sentimientos, así como reducir el impacto en sus vidas. Para otros en cambio, esta técnica no es eficaz para todos los profesionales y su uso puede conllevar consecuencias negativas.
Conclusiones: El debriefing es una intervención breve que promueve la catarsis. Sin embargo, existe una gran controversia sobre su eficacia y la manera de aplicar esta intervención. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la heterogeneidad existente en la aplicación de técnicas de catarsis en los trabajadores que atienden situaciones de emergencia y catástrofes.
Segundo congreso internacional de la Sociedad Portuguesa de Medicina del Trabajo
Authors: Rodríguez-Jareño Maria Cruz 
Published: January 2020

El pasado 23 de noviembre se celebró en Lisboa el segundo congreso internacional de la Sociedad Portuguesa de Medicina del Trabajo (SPMT), a continuación de su décimoquinto congreso nacional que tuvo lugar el 21 y 22.
Uno de los objetivos planteados por su presidente es el de estrechar lazos con otras Sociedades de Medicina del Trabajo y en concreto entre Sociedades vecinas de la península ibérica, así como con diferentes organismos internacionales.
Tras la bienvenida dada por su presidente, Dr Jorge Barroso Dias, se inició el congreso internacional con una presentación por video del presidente de ACOEM (American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine). El hilo conductor del congreso giraba alrededor de las aportaciones de la Medicina del Trabajo a la Salud Pública, para resaltar el reciente reconocimiento de la Sociedad Portuguesa de Medicina del Trabajo como entidad de utilidad pública en Portugal.
La jornada se enfocó principalmente a presentar las actividades y contribución de diferentes organismos internacionales, y se contó con las intervenciones de Joaquim Pintado Nunes de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), de Claudina Nogueira de la Comisión Internacional de Salud Laboral (ICOH) y de Alenka Skerjanc, presidenta de la sección de Medicina del Trabajo de la Unión Europea de Médicos Especialistas (UEMS)…
Clausura de la última campaña de la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo
Authors: Orriols Ramos Rosa María , Rodríguez-Jareño Maria Cruz 
Published: January 2020

La clausura de la última campaña de la Agencia Europea para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo para la Seguridad y la Salud en el Trabajo tuvo lugar el 12 y 13 de noviembre de 2019 en Bilbao.
A la clausura de la campaña asistieron Rosa Orriols en representación de ICOH (Rosa es miembro de la Junta Directiva de ICOH), y Mari Cruz Rodríguez-Jareño en representación de la UEMS, que fue uno de los 90 socios oficiales de la campaña (Mari Cruz es la representante española en la UEMS a través de la SEMST y la SCSL). Ambas pertenecen a la Junta de la SCSL.
La campaña que se clausuraba (2018-2019) estuvo dedicada a las substancias químicas peligrosas, siendo el lema: «Trabajos saludables: alerta frente a sustancias peligrosas «. Además la Agencia este año 2019 celebraba su 25 aniversario…
POLYSACCHARIDES OF THREE SAUSSUREA DC SPECIES (S. CONTROVERSA, S. SALICIFOLIA, S. FROLOVII): ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND INFLUENCE ON NO-PRODUCING PROPERTIES OF MACROPHAGES
Authors: Reshetov Yaroslav Yevgen'yevich , Ligacheva Anastasiya Aleksandrovna , Avdeeva Yelena Yur'yevna , Danilets Marina Grigor'yevna , Golovchenko Viktoriya Vladimirovna , Trofimova Yevgeniya Sergeyevna , Gulina Yekaterina Igorevna , Sherstoboev Yevgeniy Yur'yevich , Gur'yev Artem Mikhaylovich , Rovkina Kseniya Igorevna , Krivoshchekov Sergey Vladimirovich , Belousov Mikhail Valer'yevich 
Published: January 2020

Polysaccharides PS1 and PS2 with a yield 1–2% were obtained from the above-ground part of three species of Saussurea: S. controversa DC., S. salicifolia L. and S. frolovii Ledeb. sequential extraction with water at 25 and 70 °C. PS1 free from protein impurities. A protein that is not removed by the Sevag method is co-extracted with PS2. All polysaccharides contain residues of uronic acids, the highest content found in PS1 and PS2 from S. contrоversa. The molecular weights (Mw) of PS1 from S. controversa, S. salicifolia and S. frolovii were 448.13, 158.49, 64.03 kDa and PS2 – 101.82, 94.60, 225.42 kDa, respectively. Interspecific differences in the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides were revealed. Galactose (Gal) and Arabinose (Ara) residues are major, and Rhamnose (Rha), Xylose (Xyl) and Mannose (Man) residues are minor components of the carbohydrate chains isolated by PS. PS1 S. salicifolia and S. frolovii and PS2 S. salicifolia do not contain endotoxins impurities and have a NO-activating effect on antigen-presenting cells (macrophages), significantly exceeding the effect of muramyl dipeptide.
THE CONVERSION OF THE MOISTURE-STABILITY WASTE-PAPERS WITH POLYMERIC COVERING. 1. BREAK-ING-UP OF THE WASTE-PAPER
Authors: Alashkevich Yuriy Davidovich , Pen Robert Zus'evich , Karetnikova Natalya Viktorovna , Chendylova Larisa Valer'evna 
Published: January 2020

Breaking-up of waste-paper with polyurethan and polyaziridin was studied. Paper moisture-stability is 49–51%. The waste paper reduced to the degree size of the particles 5–8 mm in the dry grind mill and chemical processing under higher temperature (to 70 °C) by sodium persulfate and hydroxide solution; duty of water 6. Cooking duration varied from 1 to 5 hours, solution strength of persulfate sodium – from 2 to 12%, hydroxide sodium – from 0.5 to 3% from the mass of bone-dry waste-paper. The secondary fiber received by breaking-up of the pulp in the hydropulper. The dependency degree of breaking-up, losses of the cellulose and liquor pH from the cooking variable factors approximated by the regression equations of the second order, which used for graphic presentation results. At the most importance of the all variable factors the cooks ended in the acid medium with pH 3 under practically full persulfate and hydroxide sodium consumption; at that the degree of the breaking-up more than 80% was reached, losses of the cellulose under the all conditions remained within the range of 12.6–14.6%. The necessary operations of the breaking-up: crush the dry waste-paper; the cooking of the waste-paper with sodium persulfate and hydrate; breaking-ap of the waste-paper in the hydropulper; washing the stringy mass by water; the hydrodynamic milling.
THE FEATURES OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RAW MATERIAL OF IRIS SIBIRICA L. THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF QUANTIFICATION
Authors: Shcherbakova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Tikhomirova Lyudmila Ivanovna , Karpitsky Dmitriy Alekseyevich , Martirosian Yuriy Tsaturovich , Eskalieva Balakyz Kymyzgalievna 
Published: January 2020

Identification of scientific regularities of accumulation of physiologically active compounds is relevant to the issues of plant biology, as it can create conditions for the rapid development of biotechnological approaches and the solution of a number of environmental and economic problems associated with the use of plant raw materials. The aim of this work was to identify the features of the accumulation of flavonoids and the development of methods of differential spectrophotometry allows to assess the quality of biotechnological raw materials Iris sibirica L. (Siberian iris) on the content of flavonoids.
The most important regulators of the synthesis of secondary compounds in plant tissue cultures include such components of nutrient media as hormones. As a result of our experiments it was noted for I. sibirica characteristic relationship between the accumulation of biomass and the content of quercetin and rutin. On the medium with 5.0 µm BAP, supplemented by auxins with an increase in the total height of the shoots, the quercetin content and rutin in the phytomass decreased dramaticly. To maintain a balance between biomass accumulation and flavonoid content for I. sibirica, we recommend using media with 2.5 µm BAP supplemented with auxins.
The developed method allows to determine the content of the total of flavonoids in Iris sibirica raw materials in the presence of other compounds, is simple in execution and does not require expensive equipment. A validation evaluation of the technique indicates its suitability for quality control of biotechnological raw materials Iris sibirica.