bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of nail-biting in children and its association with mental health in Pakistan
Authors: Waseem Yamna , Muhammad Wahdan Naseeb  , Muhammad Osama Farooqui  , Muhammad Anzal Imran  , Hafsa Zarnab  , Ibtehaj Ul Haq  , Imran Mansoor  , Zoobia Ramzan  
Published: November 2020

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of nail-biting among children in Karachi and its association with behavioral disorders.
Methodology
Sample size was parents of 171 children between the ages 4-10 selected by convenience sampling. Data collection was conducted with a use of questionnaire in two hospitals of Karachi. All participants of the study were explained the purpose of the study and written consent was obtained.
Results
The overall prevalence of nail-biting in the sample was 39.2%. The prevalence in boys and girls was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). The mean total SDQ score was 15.3 (SD = 5.3) and the mean prosocial score was 6.8 (SD = 2.2). The comparison of the effect of a child’s schooling neither showed any significant effect on nail-biting frequency (P = 0.093) nor on SDQ score (P = 0.845).
Conclusion
To conclude more research should be done on the importance of nail biting in children, parents and pediatricians alike should pay special attention to children that bite their nails.
Employment Preferences and Self-Perceived Confidence of House-Officers across Dental Teaching Institutions of Lahore
Authors: Temoor Baig Humayoun , Iqra Ahmed  , Ijaz ur Rehman  , Fiza Ashfaq  , Ahmad Faraz  
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Despite progressive statistics, the oral healthcare system suffers from an unevenly distributed workforce, lack of infrastructure, and reduced quality of dental education. As a result, dental graduates have decreased job satisfaction and limited career prospects. This article assesses the perceptions of dental graduates regarding their workforce skills, abilities, and employment preferences.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study targeting House-Officers from various randomly selected dental teaching institutes of Lahore. The study tool was a modified version of the questionnaire used by Manakil and George [13] and assessed the perceptions of dental graduates regarding their workforce skills and preferences. This study aimed to evaluate self-perceived confidence of new dental graduates, and investigate the relationship between gender perceptions.

Results: The sample size was of 256 House- Officers. Most participants were confident in their skills and abilities with 167 (65.4%) individuals confident in workforce integration, 166 (64.8%) confident in their patient management skills, 154(60.2%) confident in their interpersonal skills and 163 (63.7%) confident in their leadership abilities. Mentorship was considered to be crucial by 207 (80.9%) individuals. Two hundred and thirty-three (91%) individuals were willing for an additional year of internship and 174 (68%) participants chose a city-based employment. The government sector was the most preferred for employment by 122 (47.7%) individuals whereas research was least preferred. Conclusion: It is imperative that career development and mentorship programs are put into practice, incentives are provided to work in rural areas and research culture is promoted.
Age- and Sex-Based Differences in Exertional Heat Stroke Incidence in a 7-Mile Road Race
Authors: Belval Luke N. , Giersch Gabrielle E.W. , Adams William M. , Hosokawa Yuri , Jardine John F. , Katch Rachel K. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: November 2020

Context
Sex, age, and wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) have been proposed risk factors for exertional heat stroke (EHS) despite conflicting laboratory and epidemiologic evidence.

Objective
To examine differences in EHS incidence while accounting for sex, age, and environmental conditions.

Design
Observational study.

Setting
Falmouth Road Race, a warm-weather 7-mi (11.26-km) running road race.

Patients or Other Participants
We reviewed records from patients treated for EHS at medical tents.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The relative risk (RR) of EHS between sexes and across ages was assessed with males as the reference population. Multivariate linear regression analyses were calculated to determine the relative contribution of sex, age, and WBGT to the incidence of EHS.

Results
Among 343 EHS cases, the female risk of EHS was lower overall (RR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58, 0.89; P = .002) and for age groups 40 to 49 years (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.24, 0.77; P = .005) and 50 to 59 years (RR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.13, 0.72; P = .005). The incidence of EHS did not differ between sexes in relation to WBGT (P &gt; .05). When sex, age, and WBGT were considered in combination, only age groups &lt;14 years (β = 2.41, P = .008), 15 to 18 years (β = 3.83, P &lt; .001), and 19 to 39 years (β = 2.24, P = .014) significantly accounted for the variance in the incidence of EHS (R2 = .10, P = .006).

Conclusions
In this unique investigation of EHS incidence in a road race, we found a 29% decreased EHS risk in females compared with males. However, when sex was considered with age and WBGT, only younger age accounted for an increased incidence of EHS. These results suggest that road race medical organizers should consider participant demographics when organizing the personnel and resources needed to treat patients with EHS. Specifically, organizers of events with greater numbers of young runners (aged 19 to 39 years) and males should prioritize ensuring that medical personnel are adequately prepared to handle patients with EHS.
Tecnología digital en la carrera de contador público y auditor de CUNSOL (Centro Universitario de Sololá)
Authors: Celada Cuc José Antonio 
Published: November 2020

En el presente artículo se muestran los resultados obtenidos en la investigación realizada en el centro universitario de Sololá de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala respecto el uso de la tecnología digital en la carrera de Contador Público y Auditor que realizan los catedráticos que imparten cursos en cada uno de los ciclos de la carrera. La información se obtuvo a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario que se dirigió a catedráticos y a estudiantes, para los primeros se realizó un censo y para los segundos una muestra en la que se encuestaron al azar en cada uno de los ciclos de estudio de la carrera. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes conocen los programas y aplicaciones digitales que los catedráticos han desarrollado en sus cursos y que no logran clasificar por su funcionamiento, además de no darle la importancia necesaria a la tecnología en su formación educativa; por parte de los catedráticos se evidencia que se han actualizado en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas que apoyan la didáctica de sus cursos, pero que no tienen el suficiente tiempo para adecuar todos sus contenidos a dichos programas o aplicaciones, también hace falta seguimiento, capacitación y adiestramiento por parte de las autoridades universitarias locales.
Potential effect of sodium thiosulfate in calciphylaxis: remission of intractable pain
Authors: Canlin Yang  , Yuqiu Liu  , Haifeng Ni  , Xiaomin Li  , Hong Liu  , Xiaoliang Zhang  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Calciphylaxis, a rare disease mainly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease, is characterised by ischaemic skin damages and excruciating pain. Calciphylaxis has poor prognosis which often results in amputation and high mortality. Although guidelines for the management of calciphylaxis are not available, sodium thiosulfate has showed efficacy in many clinical reports. We report the case of a 64-year-old advanced calciphylaxis male patient who had two amputations due to intolerable pain manifested as deteriorating ulcer. After he was treated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate (STS), his pain was significantly relieved with a healing trend of the big wound. One more amputation for the remission of intractable pain was avoided. The treatment experience indicates that sodium thiosulfate is of great value in quick pain relief and reducing suffering of calciphylaxis patients.
Keywords: Calciphylaxis, Calcific uremic arteriolopathy, Painful skin ulcer, Maintenance haemodialysis, Continuous....
Diagnostic evaluation of heel prick newborn screening of thyroid stimulating hormone on dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay with the establishment of reference value in Pakistani neonates
Authors: Ayesha Raza  , Ambreen Barkat  , Safia Fatima  , Fizza Faizan Farooqui  , Naureen Chaudhri  , Shahzad Haider  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To develop and validate a method on Dissociation Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescence Immunoassay for neonatal heel prick blood human thyroid stimulating hormone and the establishment of its reference value in the local population.
Methods: The multi-centre cross-sectional validation study was conducted from September 2016 to September 2018 at Zahra Beau Naqvi Foundation Welfare Trust laboratory, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised samples related to newborns aged 1 month or less taken from neonatal units of 39 hospitals based in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa, Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Samples were collected after 24 hours of birth using the heel prick test. The samples were dried and sent to the laboratory for assessment where Dissociation Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescent Immunoassay was used to estimate thyroid stimulating hormone levels. Data recorded included age, gender, and birth detail, like gestational age, mode of delivery etc. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Method validation and reference value were manually calculated.
Results: Of the 14,147 samples received, 8,207(58%) related to boys and 5,940(42%) to girls. Most samples 4903(34.6%) came from Peshawar. The overall mean age of the newborns was 5.6±4.8 days. Thyroid stimulating hormone data was divided into three groups; positive with median value 27.8±36.6 uIU/ml, negative with median 1.42±1.60 uIU/ml, and borderline with median 11.4±4.12uIU/ml. Prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in high-risk population in the positive group was 39(0.3%), negative 14,012(99.0%) and borderline 96(0.7%). Continuous...
Music and Medicine in Spain: History and New Developments of a Growing Discipline
Authors: Escudé Nuria , Acanfora Fabrizio 
Published: November 2020

The strong link between music and medicine has been documented in Spain since the 17th century, showing that the therapeutic effects of music have been known for centuries. The development of music therapy as a scientific, independent discipline on the Iberian Peninsula begins in the 1960s due to the pioneering work of Serafina Poch. Since then, the interest in music and medicine both by specialists and public has constantly increased. Nowadays, music therapy is taught in public universities and private institutions, and a growing number of health care and educational centers is implementing music therapy projects each year, producing also an increase in the research on the subject. A sore point, which we hope can be resolved soon, is that music therapy in Spain has not yet been recognized with an official title and as an independent profession, leading to fragmentation of the field and leaving the door open to professional intrusion. Keywords: music therapy, music medicine, Spain.
Listening to Music Improves Language Skills in Children Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine
Authors: Porges Stephen W. , Bono Katherine E. , Ullery Mary Anne , Bazhenova Olga , Castillo Andreina , Bal Elgiz , Scott Keith 
Published: November 2020

The effectiveness of listening to music, as an intervention to improve language skills, was tested with young children prenatally exposed to cocaine. In addition to the prenatal exposure to cocaine, these children often share family experiences such as substance abuse, poverty, and mental illness that are prevalent in chronically stressed families in which abuse and trauma are likely to occur. In the current study 62 children, between the ages of 17 and 30 months, who were receiving a center-based intervention program, participated in a 16-week music-based trial. The trial consisted of listening to music 5 days a week for 16 weeks. During the first week music listening sessions were 50-minutes and during the subsequent 15 weeks the daily listening sessions were 10 minutes. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: a filtered music group that listened to vocal music filtered to emphasize frequencies within the bandwidth of spontaneous human speech, an unfiltered music group that listened to the same vocal music in its original unaltered form, and a control group that only received the standard early intervention services provided by the preschool. Outcomes were evaluated with assessments for expressive and receptive language skills. Results document that children, who listened to either the filtered or unaltered music, showed greater gains on language skills than the control group. The findings suggest that providing scheduled times to listen to vocal music similar to a mother singing a lullaby would provide a simple cost-effective language intervention. Keywords: language skills; music therapy; prenatal cocaine exposure; children; Polyvagal Theory.
Music, Maestro, Please: Thalamic multisensory integration in music perception, processing and production
Authors: Jaschke Artur 
Published: November 2020

Music activates a wide array of brain areas involved in different functions such as perception, processing and execution of music. Understanding musical processes in the brain has multiple implications in the neuro- and health sciences. Challenging the brain with a multisensory stimulus such as music activates responses beyond the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe. Other areas that are involved include the frontal lobes, parietal lobes, areas of the limbic system such as the amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus, the cerebellum and the brainstem. Nonetheless, there has been no attempt to summarize all involved brain areas in music into one overall encompassing map. This may well be, as there has been no thorough theory introduced, which would allow an initial point of departure in creating such a mapTherefore, a thorough systematic review has been conducted to identify all mentioned neural connections involved in the perception, processing and execution of music. Communication between the thalamic nuclei is the initial step in multisensory integration, which lies at the base of the neural networks as proposed in this paper. Against this background, this manuscript introduces the to our knowledge first map of all brain regions involved in the perception, processing and execution of music.Consequently, placing thalamic multisensory integration at the core of this atlas allowed us to create a preliminary theory to explain the complexity of music induced brain activation.
Rounds Corner : Doctor Dabbling in Music Medicine
Authors: Vatanasapt Patravoot 
Published: November 2020

For the medical doctors, bringing music into medical profession is a blessing. The biography of a head and neck surgeon who grew up with music and found ways to bring his passion on music to his medical profession. His experience on music medicine took him a step further to integrate music into the medical education, where he found a crucial gap for using an analogy of music experience. It is all about improving the professional practice while satisfying all parties.
Uncommon music making: The functional roles of music in design for healthcare
Authors: Özcan Elif , Frankel Lois , Stewart Jesse 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we discuss some uncommon settings and roles for music, demonstrating how music can aid in the design and implementation of socially responsible healthcare products that are encouraging, inclusive, and sensitive to critical contexts. We review three music-inspired design cases (CareTunes: Musical Alarms for Critical Care, Music and Senior Exercise, and We Are All Musicians and the Adaptive Use Musical Instrument) in which the authors took part. The literature review and the analysis of the case studies provide us with the following insights: music enhances sensory experiences, facilitates physical engagement with the world, music can guide medical professionals in critical contexts, and music creates social cohesion. All of these projects demonstrate the importance of involving participants (users or performers) in the process to address their life experiences. Thus, the use of music in design applications is experienced as a positive influence that can facilitate wellbeing for community members, persons with disabilities, medical patients, and healthcare professionals in the workplace.
Music Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Following Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Adolescents
Authors: Trondalen Gro , Mangersnes Julie , Bonde Lars Ole , Malik Sadaf , Asprusten Tarjei Tørre , Rødevand Linn , Pedersen Maria , Wyller Vegard Bruun Bratholm 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research study, which was a part of arandomized controlled trial, explored music therapy as a part of an individually tailored mental training programfor Chronic Fatigue(CF) following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in adolescents. This article presents the qualitative data stemming from the interviews, which focused on music therapy. The interviews were performed after completion of the program. The mental training program consisted of 10 sessions distributed between a family session (1), individual sessions with music therapy (4), and individual cognitive behavioral therapy (6). Music therapy included music listening, improvisation, song writing, instrument training, in addition to suggested homework. The analysis was informed through the procedure of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results indicated three main themes: i) personal capacity to act through music, ii) subjective understanding of the link between body and mind, and iii) inhabiting the music space. We suggest future music therapy program to be resource- and user oriented, improvisational, and offer training on an instrument. A vital component should be active music listening, comprising verbal communication, relaxation techniques and joint verbal reflection, to foster mentalization. The therapist and the client select music together, while playlists are negotiated, and invited homework included.
An Eclectic Approach to Working with a Dyad of a Patient with TBI and His Caregiver
Authors: Wu Yue , Kagin Roberta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPURPOSE The purpose of this case study is to describe the impact of music therapy on a dyad relationship between the client and the caregiver. It provides suggestions for methods to work with a client who is severely profoundly brain injured, requiring feeding, bathing, and positioning, five years post-accident.METHODS A dyad approach was used, which explored the practice of songwriting with a dyad of client and his mother. RESULTS A song was created during the period of this study and was shared with the caregiver. The song provided support for not losing hope for both the client and his caregiver. An interview was conducted with the caregiver one-year post session. The caregiver commented that music therapy “gives her a breath of fresh air and makes it so much easier.”CONCLUSIONS As a dyad, the relationship between client and caregiver is crucial to the rehabilitation process. Therefore, the authors suggest treatment practitioners to adopt the family-centered approach to further improve the quality of care.Key Words:Dyad, family-centered care, quality improvement, traumatic brain injury, music therapy
Music Therapy Training Programmes in Europe: Theme and Variations. (2016). Edited by Thomas Stegemann, Elena Fitzthum, and Tonius Timmermann
Authors: Clements-Cortes Amy 
Published: November 2020

Paperback: 192 pages | Publisher: Verlag Publications, Germany | Language: English | ISBN-9783954901791 This book provides an overview of all 119 European music therapy training programmes as well as a detailed portrait of 10 selected music therapy training courses from various countries, reflecting different music therapy backgrounds, approaches, phases of institutional developments, etc. It gives insights into the theoretical background, admission procedures, and the structure and content of each training programme, focusing especially on clinical training and internships, musical training, experiential learning and music therapy self-experience, as well as the evaluation procedures concerning the quality of teaching. Keywords: education, training, music therapy, Europe, evaluation.
Le CICR et la Russie
Authors: Fayet Jean-François 
Published: November 2020

La Russie est vraisemblablement l’un des pays qui, en tant que partenaire, mais aussi en tant que champ d’action, que terrain privilégié de ses interventions, a le plus marqué l’histoire du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR). L’importance de ce pays procède d’abord de la durée de leur relation, presque aussi ancienne que le CICR lui- même. Inscrite dans le temps long, cette histoire est toutefois marquée par l’alternance de périodes d’intense collaboration avec des phases de tensions et d’absences. Il s’agit donc d’une relation souvent heurtée à l’image des relations entretenues par la Russie avec le monde extérieur au cours du XXe siècle. Nous verrons que, paradoxalement, les phases de coopération ne coïncident pas toujours avec « les temps de guerre » de l’urgence humanitaire. Mais c’est justement l’intérêt de la Russie que d’avoir amené le CICR à dépasser le cadre initial de son mandat en faisant éclater le « classique dualisme » entre situation de guerre et situation de paix. Par le tumulte de son histoire, la Russie représente ainsi un extraordinaire laboratoire de l’action humanitaire, dans le sens d’un lieu où s’élaborent des pratiques et des normes, mais aussi des formes inédites de relations en situation de crise.
De vechter en de bierkaai
Authors: van Gemert Frank 
Published: November 2020

Fighter in a lost battle
Hesdy Gerges is a heavyweight kickboxer whose career was interrupted because of his involvement in an cocaine transport. This article is analyzes the biography of this top fighter, describing the macro context of an expanding market for full-contact martial arts, the meso level of the gym and its relation to the criminal milieu, and the fighter and his body on the micro level. Hesdy is used to set an example, and since it takes more than seven years to reach a verdict, the impact on his private life and his career as a fighter is large. The study is based on participant observation and 33 interviews, twenty of which with the protagonist.