bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental and Structural Drivers of Fish Distributions among Petroleum Platforms across the U.S. Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Bolser Derek G. , Egerton Jack P. , Grüss Arnaud , Loughran Tyler , Beyea Taylor , McCain Kyle , Erisman Brad E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Petroleum platforms in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM) are important habitats for fishes and support regional fisheries. However, drivers of the horizontal (i.e., latitudinal and longitudinal) and vertical (i.e., position in the water column) distribution patterns of fishes associated with these artificial habitats are not fully understood on a GOM-wide scale. To build upon previous studies on a large spatial scale and focus on species-specific drivers, we conducted 114 submersible rotating drop-camera and water quality sonde surveys at 54 platforms throughout the GOM. We then fitted two sets of binomial generalized additive mixed models integrating environmental and structural (i.e., characteristics of platforms) predictors to encounter/nonencounter data for 17 fish species so as to understand their horizontal and vertical distribution patterns throughout the GOM in platform habitat. Significant predictors for horizontal distribution included distance from shore (for Bermuda Chub Kyphosus saltatrix, Greater Amberjack Seriola dumerili, Vermilion Snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens), salinity (Bermuda Chub, Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus), the number of platforms within 5 km (Blue Runner Caranx crysos, Crevalle Jack Caranx hippos), and dissolved oxygen concentration (Red Snapper). Significant predictors for vertical distribution included temperature (for Atlantic Spadefish Chaetodipterus faber, Bermuda Chub, Blue Runner, Greater Amberjack, Red Snapper), salinity (Greater Amberjack, Red Snapper), dissolved oxygen concentration (Red Snapper), and seafloor depth (Red Snapper). However, the majority of the study species were not influenced by the predictors included in the horizontal (11 of 17 species) and vertical distribution (12 of 17 species) generalized additive mixed models. Thus, many GOM fishes were found to associate with platforms over a relatively wide range of environmental conditions and platform characteristics. This suggests specific environmental conditions and distinct platform characteristics may not be as important as the simple number of available platforms for determining the distributions of many platform-associated fishes in the GOM.
Structural analysis of pathogenic missense mutations in GABRA2 and identification of a novel de novo variant in the desensitization gate
Authors: Sanchis‐Juan Alba , Hasenahuer Marcia A. , Baker James A. , McTague Amy , Barwick Katy , Kurian Manju A. , Duarte Sofia T. ,   NIHR BioResource, Carss Keren J. , Thornton Janet , Raymond F. Lucy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCys‐loop receptors control neuronal excitability in the brain and their dysfunction results in numerous neurological disorders. Recently, six missense variants in GABRA2, a member of this family, have been associated with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE). We identified a novel de novo missense variant in GABRA2 in a patient with EIEE and performed protein structural analysis of the seven variants.MethodsThe novel variant was identified by trio whole‐genome sequencing. We performed protein structural analysis of the seven variants, and compared them to previously reported pathogenic mutations at equivalent positions in other Cys‐loop receptors. Additionally, we studied the distribution of disease‐associated variants in the transmembrane helices of these proteins.ResultsThe seven variants are in the transmembrane domain, either close to the desensitization gate, the activation gate, or in inter‐subunit interfaces. Six of them have pathogenic mutations at equivalent positions in other Cys‐loop receptors, emphasizing the importance of these residues. Also, pathogenic mutations are more common in the pore‐lining helix, consistent with this region being highly constrained for variation in control populations.ConclusionOur study reports a novel pathogenic variant in GABRA2, characterizes the regions where pathogenic mutations are in the transmembrane helices, and underscores the value of considering sequence, evolutionary, and structural information as a strategy for variant interpretation of novel missense mutations.
The Impact of Information Disclosure on Consumer Behavior: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment of Calorie Labels on Restaurant Menus
Authors: Cawley John , Susskind Alex , Willage Barton 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 2018, the U.S. adopted a nationwide law requiring that chain restaurants post calorie counts on their menus and menu boards. This has led to considerable interest in the extent to which providing calorie information leads consumers to choose healthier diets.To estimate the impact of calorie labeling, we conducted a randomized controlled field experiment in two full‐service restaurants, in which the control group received menus without calorie counts and the treatment group received the same menus but with calorie counts. We estimate that the calorie labels resulted in a 3.0 percent reduction in calories ordered, with the reduction occurring in appetizers and entrées but not drinks or desserts. Exposure to the information also increased consumers’ support for requiring calorie labels by 9.6 percent. These results are informative about the impact of the new nationwide menu label requirement, and more generally contribute to the literature on the impact of information disclosure on consumer behavior.
Development and characterization of multifunctional carbon fabric‐reinforced polymer composites incorporated with inorganic flame retardants
Authors: Afzal Ayesha , Tariq Asra , Shakir Fayzan , Satti Aamir Naseem , Taimoor Muhammad , Ghani Usman , Jaffer Usman , Rashid Iqra Abdul , Khaliq Zubair 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbon fabric‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were incorporated with novel, environment‐friendly and, low‐cost inorganic flame‐retardant (FR) materials. Synergistic properties of potash alum (KA) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were obtained by infusing these materials in the carbon woven fabric with diglycidial ether of bisphenol‐A epoxy (EP) matrix through resin infusion technology. Composite samples EP80%MH20% and EP80%MH15%KA5% showed Underwriter Laboratories 94 (UL94) V‐2 rating, EP80%MH10%KA10% and EP80%MH5%KA15% showed UL94 V‐1 rating, and EP80%KA20% showed UL94 V‐0 rating. Flame retardancy of EP was improved with increasing concentration of KA up to UL94 V‐0 while a high concentration of MH improved flame retardancy only up to UL94 V‐2 rating, which is not suitable for the material. Flexural modulus and flexural strength of EP were decreased with increasing concentration of KA and MH because both FR created the distance between the EP chains and hence imparted ductility. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase in char residue with increasing KA concentration. The char residue of EP100% (without FR materials) was 16.5 wt%, which increased to 71.2 wt% for EP80%KA20%. CFR samples were prepared with the given FR materials and it was seen that reduction in mechanical properties was compensated with the help of CFRP.
Model predictive control of distributed networked control systems with quantization and switching topology
Authors: Shi Ting , Shi Peng , Zhang Huiyan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis work is concerned with the robust model predictive control (MPC) for a class of distributed networked control systems (NCSs), in which the input quantization and switching topology are both considered. By utilizing the sector bound approach, the NCSs with quantization are converted into the linear systems with sector bound uncertainties. The topology switching is governed by a switching signal and the dynamic behavior is modeled as a switched control system. A new robust MPC design technique is derived to minimize the upper bound of a weighted quadratic performance index. Moreover, the conditions of both the recursive feasibility of the MPC design and the stability of the resulting closed‐loop system are developed. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPC design.
Membership and contributorship in organizations: An update of modern systems theory
Authors: Grothe‐Hammer Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article argues for an update of modern systems theory, in particular of the systems theory of organizations. Recent works have pointed out that existing understandings of membership fall short when it comes to accounting for the modern variety of organizational phenomena. This is also true for modern systems theory, which still relies on a rather conventional understanding of membership. Against this backdrop, I propose to draw on recent developments in related fields of communication‐centred organization research and to adopt the notion of ‘contributorship'. Following such works, contributorship can be defined as the decision on the distribution of rights to participate in the internal decision processes of an organization. By contrast, I propose to reformulate the notion of membership and define it as the decision that establishes whether a certain person belongs to the organization or not, that is, is a member of it or not. In addition, I propose to drop the existing systems‐theoretical assertion that membership is the core‐defining premise for the constitution of an organization. Instead, I argue that contributorship, not membership, is the basic premise needed by every organization to be constituted. Building on these insights, I will conclude the article by discussing the three possibilities of affiliating persons to an organization, that is, as mere members, mere contributors or both.
N-glycosylation controls inflammatory licensing-triggered PD-L1 upregulation in human mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Strauch Vivien , Saul Domenica , Berisha Mirjeta , Mackensen Andreas , Mougiakakos Dimitrios , Jitschin Regina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are characterized by their multipotency, regenerative potential, and immunoregulatory properties. Nowadays, MSCs represent a promising cell-therapeutic option for hyperinflammatory conditions such as graft-vs-host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A better understanding of their biology is a prerequisite for improving their treatment efficacy. Emerging evidence suggests that immunosuppressive properties are not constitutively active in MSCs. Instead, microenvironmental inflammatory stimuli such as the cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α license MSCs to acquire a tolerance-promoting phenotype. The immunological checkpoint molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important regulator of T-cell responses. Binding of PD-L1 to the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor on T-cells suppresses their activation, proliferation, and induces apoptosis. Previous studies have revealed that cell surface expression and secretion of PD-L1 are part of the MSCs' immunomodulatory armamentarium. Here, we report that inflammatory licensing leads to an enhanced PD-L1 cell surface expression and secretion, which are both accompanied by an increased posttranslational protein N-glycosylation. These post-translational modifications have been shown to be critical for key biological processes such as cell trafficking, receptor signaling, and immunohomeostasis. In fact, promoting N-glycosylation in MSCs yielded increased PD-L1 levels. We report for the first time that PD-L1 N-glycosylation plays a decisive role for its transport to the MSCs' cell surface and its subsequent secretion (in response to proinflammatory trigger). Our data offer insights into a novel regulatory mechanism with the potential to be exploited as a means to foster the immunosuppressive potency of human MSCs.
Comparison of Underwater Video with Electrofishing and Dive Counts for Stream Fish Abundance Estimation
Authors: Hitt Nathaniel P. , Rogers Karli M. , Snyder Craig D. , Dolloff C. Andrew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdvances in video technology enable new strategies for stream fish research. We compared juvenile (age‐0) and adult (age‐1 and older) Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis abundance estimates from underwater video with those from backpack electrofishing and dive count methods across a series of stream pools in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia (n = 41). Video methods estimated greater mean abundance of adult trout than did one‐pass electrofishing, but video estimates of adult abundance were not different than estimates from three‐pass electrofishing or dive count methods. In contrast, videos underestimated the abundance of juvenile trout; we suggest that this is because predator avoidance behaviors by juvenile trout limit their use of microhabitat locations visible to cameras. Integrated abundance estimates from two cameras increased correspondence to comparison methods relative to estimates from single cameras, demonstrating the importance of an expanded field of view for video sampling in streams. Geomorphic features helped to explain methodwise differences: more adult Brook Trout were estimated with video than with three‐pass electrofishing as riffle crest depth and boulder composition increased, indicating habitat associations with trout escapement from electrofishing. Our results demonstrated that video techniques can provide a robust alternative or supplement to traditional methods for estimating adult trout abundance in stream pools.
LDL-Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy
Authors: Pirillo Angela , Norata Giuseppe D. , Catapano Alberico L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe causal relation between elevated levels of LDL-C and cardiovascular disease has been largely established by experimental and clinical studies. Thus, the reduction of LDL-C levels is a major target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In the last decades, statins have been used as the main therapeutic approach to lower plasma cholesterol levels; however, the presence of residual lipid-related cardiovascular risk despite maximal statin therapy raised the need to develop additional lipid-lowering drugs to be used in combination with or in alternative to statins in patients intolerant to the treatment. Several new drugs have been approved which have mechanisms of action different from statins or impact on different lipoprotein classes.
Einleitung
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDemokratien benötigen einen Raum, in dem gesellschaftlich relevante Themen gesetzt, diskutiert und ausgehandelt werden können. Diesen Raum bildet die Öffentlichkeit, die als „Diskussionssystem“ (Gerhards & Neidhardt, 1990, S. 15) der Gesellschaft fungiert. Öffentlichkeit ist damit der Raum, in dem sich Bürger_innen eine politische Meinung bilden und in der Folge informierte Entscheidungen in Wahlen und anderen Formen politischer Beteiligung treffen können (Schweiger, 2017, S. 1; Begenat, 2016, S. 16). Eine gemeinsame Öffentlichkeit, an der alle Bürger_innen teilhaben können, stellt daher eine unverzichtbare Voraussetzung für ein integriertes demokratisches Gemeinwesen dar (Vlasic, 2004, S. 67).
Öffentlichkeit unter Online-Bedingungen
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel definiert zunächst den Journalismus als zentrales Vertrauensobjekt dieser Studie und skizziert die Bedingungen von Öffentlichkeit, unter denen sich das Vertrauensverhältnis zwischen Journalismus und Publikum aktuell konstituiert. Journalismus wird dabei verstanden als ein Teil von Öffentlichkeit, der die zentralen Vermittlungs- und Informationsleistungen in demokratischen Gesellschaften erbringt. Durch die digitale Transformation der Öffentlichkeit sieht sich der Journalismus jedoch mit einem Bedeutungsverlust konfrontiert: Neben den Journalismus treten nicht-journalistische Informationsquellen wie Alternativmedien, Originalquellen (z. B. Politiker_innen, Verbände) und öffentliche Bürgerkommunikation (z. B. Nutzerkommentare).
Qualitative Leitfadeninterviews – Methode
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDen ersten Teil der empirischen Erhebung bilden Leitfadeninterviews. Das Leitfadeninterview zeichnet sich gegenüber anderen qualitativen Interviewformen durch einen höheren Grad der Standardisierung aus (Loosen, 2016a, S. 142; Meyen, Löblich, Pfaff-Rüdiger, & Riesmeyer, 2011, S. 83). Der namensgebende Leitfaden gibt die Themen und Fragen vor, die mit den Befragten im Interview besprochen werden. Dieses Vorgehen ermöglicht die Vergleichbarkeit der einzelnen Interviews, da allen Befragten dieselben Fragen gestellt werden.
Leitfadeninterviews – Ergebnisse
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas folgende Kapitel stellt die Ergebnisse der Leitfadeninterviews dar. Zunächst wird zur Orientierung ein grober Überblick über die interviewten Personen, ihr Vertrauen in Journalismus, ihre Informationsnutzung und ihr Interesse an aktuellen Nachrichten gegeben. Dieses erste Kapitel geht auch auf die Rolle der relevanten Personenmerkmale Vertrauen in Politik und Wissen über Journalismus für das individuelle Vertrauen in Journalismus ein und stellt kurz dar, welche zentralen Qualitätswahrnehmungen die Befragten vom Journalismus haben, was sie den Medien vorwerfen bzw. an ihnen loben.
Quantitative Online-Befragung – Methode
Authors: Prochazka Fabian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungAn die qualitativen Interviews schließt sich eine Online-Repräsentativbefragung an, deren Daten über ein kommerzielles Online-Access-Panel erhoben wurden. Eine Online-Befragung ist für die vorliegende Studie gut geeignet, da ein wesentlicher Schwerpunkt auf dem Zusammenhang von Vertrauen in Journalismus mit Online-Informationsnutzung liegt. Im vorliegenden Fall spricht auch das Thema für eine Online-Befragung, weil starke Medienskeptiker in Befragungsformen mit weniger wahrgenommener Anonymität (Face-to-Face, Telefon) vermutlich noch schwieriger zu erreichen sind.
Discrimination of grass pollen of different species by FTIR spectroscopy of individual pollen grains
Authors: Diehn Sabrina , Zimmermann Boris , Tafintseva Valeria , Bağcıoğlu Murat , Kohler Achim , Ohlson Mikael , Fjellheim Siri , Kneipp Janina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy enables the chemical characterization and identification of pollen samples, leading to a wide range of applications, such as paleoecology and allergology. This is of particular interest in the identification of grass (Poaceae) species since they have pollen grains of very similar morphology. Unfortunately, the correct identification of FTIR microspectroscopy spectra of single pollen grains is hindered by strong spectral contributions from Mie scattering. Embedding of pollen samples in paraffin helps to retrieve infrared spectra without scattering artifacts. In this study, pollen samples from 10 different populations of five grass species (Anthoxanthum odoratum, Bromus inermis, Hordeum bulbosum, Lolium perenne, and Poa alpina) were embedded in paraffin, and their single grain spectra were obtained by FTIR microspectroscopy. Spectra were subjected to different preprocessing in order to suppress paraffin influence on spectral classification. It is shown that decomposition by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) that utilizes a paraffin constituent spectrum, respectively, leads to good success rates for the classification of spectra with respect to species by a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model in full cross-validation for several species. PLS-DA, artificial neural network, and random forest classifiers were applied on the EMSC-corrected spectra using an independent validation to assign spectra from unknown populations to the species. Variation within and between species, together with the differences in classification results, is in agreement with the systematics within the Poaceae family. The results illustrate the great potential of FTIR microspectroscopy for automated classification and identification of grass pollen, possibly together with other, complementary methods for single pollen chemical characterization.
Polymorphic α-Synuclein Strains Modified by Dopamine and Docosahexaenoic Acid Interact Differentially with Tau Protein
Authors: Sengupta Urmi , Puangmalai Nicha , Bhatt Nemil , Garcia Stephanie , Zhao Yingxin , Kayed Rakez 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe pathological hallmark of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), is the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein. Even so, tau protein pathology is abundantly found in these diseases. Both α-Syn and tau can exist as polymorphic aggregates, a phenomenon that has been widely studied, mostly in their fibrillar assemblies. We have previously discovered that in addition to α-Syn oligomers, oligomeric tau is also present in the brain tissues of patients with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the effect of interaction between polymorphic α-Syn oligomers and tau has not been scrupulously studied. Here, we have explored the structural and functional diversity of distinct α-Syn oligomers, prepared by modifying the protein with dopamine (DA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The two α-Syn oligomers differed in aggregate size, conformation, sensitivity to proteinase K digestion, tryptic digestion, and toxicity, suggesting them as distinct α-Syn oligomeric strains. We examined their internalization mechanisms in primary neurons and seeding propensity in inducing α-Syn aggregation. Using a combined approach of molecular and cellular techniques, we observed that the tau aggregates cross-seeded with the individual α-Syn oligomeric strains differed in their biochemical and biological properties, suggesting two distinct tau strains. The tau aggregate cross-seeded with the DA-modified α-Syn oligomeric strain possessed a potent intracellular tau seeding propensity. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of unique strain-specific interaction between oligomeric α-Syn and tau. Furthermore, this study allows us to speculate that distinct α-Syn-tau interactions inducing tau aggregation might be an underlying mechanism of neurodegeneration in PD.
Peltogyne barbata (Leguminosae, Detarioideae), a new species endemic to the Trombetas River area, Brazil
Authors: Kochanovski Fabio Júnior , Sartori Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori , de Freitas Mansano Vidal 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPeltogyne barbata (Leguminosae, Detarioideae), a new species endemic to lake margins and the banks of the Trombetas River in the state of Pará, northern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to P. densiflora Spruce ex Benth. in fruit shape and flower morphology, and both species occur in flooded areas (igapó). Peltogyne barbata can be distinguished by its partially tomentose ovary, the coloration of its adaxial sepals, and for having leaves present near the inflorescences pre-anthesis but branches without leaves post-anthesis. We provide an identification key to the species of the genus Peltogyne that occur in the Trombetas River region, as well as a line drawing, a distribution map and colour photographs of the new species in its native environment.