bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of Sub-Optimal Land Based on NDVI Sentinel 2a Value: Preliminary Study
Authors: Indarto Indarto , Nadzirah Rufiani , Reksa Belagama Hadrian 
Published: December 2020

Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is one of the vegetation indices used to analyse vegetation density. This study presents the potential use of NDVI to map dry-marginal-agricultural land (Dry-MAL). The study conducted in the eastern part of Situbondo, which includes three districts, namely, Arjasa, Asembagus and Jangkar. Sentinel-2A (recorded in 2018) and 450 Control points (GCPs) are used as the primary input. The region is an area with distinctive climate characteristics, where the dry season is longer than the rainy season. Analysis using "SNAP plug-ins" and "QGIS". Research procedures include (1) data inventory, (2) data pre-processing, (3) data processing and (4) accuracy testing. The NDVI classification can distinguish six (6) classes of land-use, i.e., water bodies, residential areas, dry MAL, non-irrigated rural area, irrigated paddy fields, forest-plantations. The NDVI classification produces Overall and Kappa accuracy values = 66,9% and 61,6%. Although the overall and kappa accuracy is below the standard, however, the result will benefit for further research of index vegetation or soil more applied for the identification of Dry-MAL
Glial cytotoxicity of low doses of cadmium as a model of heavy metal pollution influence on vertebrates
Authors: Nedzvetsky V. S. , Gasso V. Ya. , Hahut A. M. , Hasso I. A. 
Published: December 2020

Cadmium is a common transition metal that entails an extremely wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals. The cytotoxicity of cadmium ions and its compounds is due to various genotoxic effects, including both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Some bone diseases, kidney and digestive system diseases are determined as pathologies that are closely associated with cadmium intoxication. In addition, cadmium is included in the list of carcinogens because of its ability to initiate the development of tumors of several forms of cancer under conditions of chronic or acute intoxication. Despite many studies of the effects of cadmium in animal models and cohorts of patients, in which cadmium effects has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The genotoxic effects of cadmium and the induction of programmed cell death have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In recent years, the results obtained for in vivo and in vitro experimental models have shown extremely high cytotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of cadmium and its compounds in various tissues. One of the most studied causes of cadmium cytotoxicity is the development of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage to macromolecules of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Brain cells are most sensitive to oxidative damage and can be a critical target of cadmium cytotoxicity. Thus, oxidative damage caused by cadmium can initiate genotoxicity, programmed cell death and inhibit their viability in the human and animal brains. To test our hypothesis, cadmium cytotoxicity was assessed in vivo in U251 glioma cells through viability determinants and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The result of the cell viability analysis showed the dose-dependent action of cadmium chloride in glioma cells, as well as the generation of oxidative stress (p <0.05). Calculated for 48 hours of exposure, the LD50 was 3.1 μg×ml-1. The rates of apoptotic death of glioma cells also progressively increased depending on the dose of cadmium ions. A high correlation between cadmium concentration and apoptotic response (p <0.01) was found for cells exposed to 3–4 μg×ml-1 cadmium chloride. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and induction of apoptosis. The results indicate a strong relationship between the generation of oxidative damage by macromolecules and the initiation of programmed cell death in glial cells under conditions of low doses of cadmium chloride. The presented results show that cadmium ions can induce oxidative damage in brain cells and inhibit their viability through the induction of programmed death. Such effects of cadmium intoxication can be considered as a model of the impact of heavy metal pollution on vertebrates.
The Most Useful Method To Evaluate The Volume Status Of Critical Patients In The Emergency And Intensive Care Units: Point Of Care Ultrasound
Authors: İNCE Meltem , OCAK Metin 
Published: December 2020

Background: Accurate and rapid assessment of intravascular volume status of the patients in emergency services and intensive care units at diagnosis, treatment and follow-up stages is crucial yet rather difficult. The purpose of hemodynamic monitoring is to determine cardiovascular insufficiency and to provide the most suitable treatment for unstable patients in critical condition.
Aim: The study aims to compare vena cava inferior diameter, vena cava inferior- collapsibility index (for spontaneously breathing patients) and vena cava inferior- distensibility index (for patients breathing on mechanical ventilation support) measurement by ultrasonography to central venous pressure measurement by placing invasive catheter for assessment of the intravascular volume status and making an accurate volume replacement in emergency service and intensive care units and to determine the correlation between them.
Material and Methods: The study was carried out prospectively on the patients above the age of 18 who applied to the emergency service clinic between the dates of 01.06.2014 and 01.04.2015 or who stayed in the emergency intensive care unit between these dates. Measurements were taken from vena cava inferior in both the inspirium and expirium phases by using M mode and they were recorded in millimeter. Simultaneous central venous pressure measurements were performed on the patients by using manometric devices and the results were recorded in cm H2O.
Results: 43.3% of the patients were female (n: 26) and 56.7% were male (n: 34), and the mean age is 70.58 ± 14.86. The study found high degree of positive correlation between central venous pressure and vena cava inferior diameters and high degree of negative correlation between vena cava inferior- collapsibility index . The study also found that there is a high degree of negative correlation between vena cava inferior- distensibility index and central venous pressure in patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support.
Conclusion: Measurement of respiratory variation in vena cava inferior diameter by using ultrasonography is a quick, reliable, easily applicable, cost-efficient and non-invasive method in critical patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support or have spontaneous respiration in emergency services and intensive care units and it can be useful in assessing the volume status and estimating central venous pressure.
Trachyspermum ammi aromatic water: A traditional drink with considerable anti-Candida activity
Authors: Arabi Monfared Ali , Ayatolahi Mousavi Seyyed Amin , Zomorodian Kamiar , Mehrabani Davood , Iraji Aida , Moein Mahmood Reza 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Aromatic waters (AWs) are therapeutic distillates, which harbor both essential oil and water-soluble components of a plant. Due to the dispersion of the light amount of essence through the AWs, they have their specific pleasant smell, taste, and medicinal properties. In Iranian traditional medicine, Trachyspermum ammi AW is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from T. ammi AW and its antifungal activities against Candida species.
Materials and Methods: The composition of the essential oil extracted from T. ammi AW was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the evaluation of the antifungal activity of AW against Candida species was performed using broth microdilution methods as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Moreover, the biofilm formation inhibition, antioxidant properties, and experimental activity of AW were determined in an animal model.
Results: According to the results, thymol (78.08%) was the major compound of EO, followed by carvacrol (8.20%) and carvotanacetone (6.50%). Furthermore, T. ammi AW exhibited antifungal activities against the examined fungi and inhibited the biofilm formation of C. albicans at a concentration of up to 0.25 V/V. Histopathological analyses revealed that Candida colonization declined in the mice following the administration of T. ammi AW in a therapeutic trial.
Conclusion: It seems that the presence of phenolic monoterpenes in AW has resulted in antifungal effects. Pleasant odor and antioxidant properties are extra bonuses to the antimicrobial effects of this plant. Based on the findings, AW might have the potential to be used in the management of alimentary candidiasis or oral hygienic products.
DNA sequence analysis of keratinophilic fungi isolated from livestock stables in the East of Iran
Authors: Behzadi Zohre , Fata Abdolmajid , Parham Saeed , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Keratinophilic fungi play an important role in the decomposition of keratinous substances in nature. This capacity induces dermatomycosis in both humans and livestock. The soil of livestock stables can be a reservoir of keratinophilic fungi. Therefore, the present study was conducted to isolate and identify keratinophilic fungi in the soil of the livestock stables located in Qayen, South Khorasan Province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 62 soil samples collected from livestock stables. The samples were cultured by means of hair bait technique (HBT). The identification of the isolates was performed based on their morphological characteristics and then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the ITS regions of ribosomal DNA.
Results: A total of 118 isolates of 7 species from 5 genera were identified. Aphanoascus verrucosu (n=70, 59.36%) was detected as the dominant keratinophilic fungus, followed by Arthroderma quadrifidum (n=13, 11.01%), Aphanoascus terreus (n=12, 10.16%), Acremonium (n=12, 10.16%), Arthroderma gertleri (n=5, 4.23%), Fusarium equiseti (n=3, 2.54%), and Uncinocarpus reesii (n=3, 2.54%).
Conclusion: Different keratinophilic fungi were isolated from the soil of livestock stables; however, Aphanoascus verrucosu was found to be the dominant species.
Comparison of antifungal efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa leaf and Punica granatum peel in uncontrolled diabetic patients wearing removable dentures: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sujanamulk Bhavana , Shyam Sunder Salavadhi , Ratnakar Pawar Babita , Rajalakshmi Chintamaneni , Naik Maloth Kotya 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: The search for the development of a suitable novel antimicrobial agent for fungal diseases continues to be a key problem in the current clinical field. The present investigation was aimed to determine the antifungal effect of the ethanolic crude extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa leaf (Wfl) and Punica granatum peel (Pgp) in uncontrolled diabetic patients wearing removable dentures.
Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extracts of both plants were prepared using the soxhlet extraction method, and the obtained metabolites were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. After the preparation of the mouthwash, a total of 100 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Each subject was given physiological saline at the baseline. Group I was provided with P. granatum mouthwash, while Group II was given W. fruticosa mouthwash. Following the administration of the mouthwash, the patients were requested to rinse the mouthwash using the oral rinse technique twice daily 5 ml/rinse for 30 sec. Subsequently, colony-forming units (CFU) were evaluated in the participants. Post-therapeutic samples were collected 1 h and 1 week after the mouthwash use.
Results: The mean reduction of CFU was calculated at the baseline, as well as 1 h and 1 week after using mouthwash. The results indicated a drastic reduction in CFU 1 h and 1 week after the application of Wfl mouthwash.
Conclusion: The obtained data revealed that Wfl had potential anticandidal activity against Candida yeast cells, probably owing to its bioactive compounds like glycosides. Therefore, this agent can be used effectively as a natural remedy for the treatment of oral candidiasis. However, the exact mechanism of action of this plant needs to be elucidated.
In vitro activities of Traganum nudatum and Mentha pulegium extracts combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans in production of hydrolytic enzymes
Authors: Tefiani Ikram , Lahbib Seddiki Sidi Mohammed , Yassine Mahdad Moustafa 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is an important microorganism in the normal flora of a healthy subject; however, it has an expedient pathogenic character that induces hydrolytic virulence. Regarding this, the present study aimed to find an in vitro alternative that could reduce the virulence of this yeast.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the effect of amphotericin B (AmB) combined with the extract of Traganum nudatum (E1) or Mentha pulegium (E2) was evaluated against the hydrolytic activities of esterase, protease, and phospholipase. This effect was determined by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), used to adjust the extract/AmB mixtures in culture media.
Results: The evaluated Pz values, which corresponded to the different enzymatic activities, showed a decrease in the hydrolytic activities of C. albicans strains after the addition of E1/AmB and E2/AmB combinations at descending concentrations (lower than the obtained MICs).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it would be possible to reduce the pathogenesis of this species without destabilizing the balance of the flora.
Generalized exfoliative skin rash as an early predictor of supratherapeutic voriconazole trough levels in a leukemic child: A case report
Authors: Amanati Ali , Badiee Parisa , Lotfi Mehrzad , Monabati Ahmad , Faghihi Mohammad Ali , Yavarian Majid , Hatami Mazinani Nazafarin 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Skin rashes, mostly seen in children and adolescents, are considered among the most common side effects of azole antifungals. Although therapeutic concentrations of voriconazole (VCZ) have been documented for infected skin, there is no evidence specifying whether specific dermatologic side effects could predict high VCZ serum concentration, especially in high-risk leukemic children.Case report: Herein, we report a unique skin side effect of VCZ in a 5-year-old boy with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) referred to Amir Medical Oncology Center in Shiraz, Iran. The patient experienced erythroderma and macular rashes shortly after VCZ consumption, leading to generalized exfoliative skin rashes. Concurrent to these skin manifestations, VCZ serum concentration reached the supratherapeutic levels despite the recommended VCZ doses. As a result, VCZ was withheld, and the patient was treated with caspofungin. The lesions were resolved gradually within 2 weeks, and the patient successfully completed his treatment course with caspofungin.
Conclusion: The unique case presented in this study emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion for VCZ toxicity in any patient with atypical dermatologic manifestations, especially generalized exfoliative skin rashes. Based on this report, VCZ supratherapeutic concentration could be predicted early in the course of treatment. Additional therapeutic dose monitoring should be considered to establish a confirmatory diagnosis. It is required to further investigate the toxic effect of high VCZ concentration on the skin epithelium.
Candidemia in pediatric burn patients: Risk factors and outcomes in a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sobouti Behnam , Dahmardehei Mostafa , Fallah Shahrzad , Karrobi Majid , Ghavami Yaser , Vaghardoost Reza 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Despite advances in burn care and management, infections are still a major contributor to morbidity and mortality rates in patients with burn injuries. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and importance of candidemia in pediatric burn patients.
Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from the patients and cultured in an automated blood culture system. Candida species were identified using specific culture media. The relationship between candidemia and possible risk factors was evaluated and compared to a control group.
Results: A total of 71 patients with the mean age of 4.52±3.63 years were included in the study. Blood cultures showed candidemia in 19 (27%) patients. Based on the results, C. albicans was the most common fungus among patients with and without candidemia. The results of statistical analysis also showed that candidemia was significantly correlated with total body surface area (TBSA), mechanical ventilation, duration of total parenteral nutrition, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, presence of neutropenia, and R-Baux score (all P≤0.001). In this regard, TBSA, length of ICU stay, R-Baux score, and Candida score were identified as the determinant factors for mortality due to candidemia.
Conclusion: Candidemia increases the mortality and morbidity rates associated with burn injuries. Prompt diagnostic and prevention measures can reduce the unfortunate outcomes via controlling the possible risk factors.
Development a hydrolysis probe-based quantitative PCR assay for the specific detection and quantification of Candida auris
Authors: Jafarian Hadis , Khodadadi Hossein , Badiee Parisa 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen. The identification of this species with the conventional phenotypic or biochemical mycological methods may lead to misidentification. Molecular-based species-specific identification methods such as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) facilitate a more reliable identification of C. auris than mycological methods. Regarding this, the present study aimed to develop a hydrolysis probe-based qPCR assay for the rapid, accurate identification of C. auris.
Materials and Methods: The internal transcribed spacer 2 regions in the nuclear ribosomal DNA of C. auris and other related yeasts were assayed to find a specific PCR target for C. auris. A 123-base-pair target was selected, and primers and a probe were designed for hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR with TaqMan chemistry. Ten-fold serial dilutions of C. auris ranging from 106 to 100 CFU/mL were prepared to establish a standard curve to quantify the yeast.
Results: The qPCR assay was able to identify and quantify C. auris with a detection limit of 1 C. auris CFU per reaction. Specificity was confirmed by the non-amplification of the sequences belonging to other Candida species, yeasts, molds, bacteria, or human DNAs. The standard curve of the assay showed a highly significant linearity between threshold values and dilution rates (R2=0.99; slope=−3.42).
Conclusion: The applied qPCR assay facilitated the rapid and accurate identification and quantification of emerging opportunistic C. auris. Therefore, considering the promising test validation results, we succeeded to develop a rapid and accurate hydrolysis probe-based qPCR assay for the screening and identification of C. auris.
Covid-19’un Lineer Hücresel Dönüşümler Yardımıyla Matematiksel Modellenmesi
Authors: ŞAH Ferhat 
Published: December 2020

Tüm dünyayı saran Covid-19 virüsü nedeniyle ülkeler zor günler geçirmektedir. İlk olarak Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan bu virüs sonrasında hemen hemen tüm dünyaya yayılmıştır. Peki bu yayılma nasıl olmuştur? Bu virüsün hızla yayılmasındaki ülkelerin rolü nedir? Virüsün yayılmaması için insanlar üzerlerine düşen görevleri yerine getirmiş midir? Bu sorulara matematiksel bir bakış açısı ile cevap vermeye çalışalım. Bu çalışmada, virüsün yayılmasının nasıl olduğunu matematiksel olarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Matematiksel metot olarak iki boyutlu hücresel dönüşümler kullanılmıştır. Bu dönüşümlerin geçiş fonksiyonları yardımıyla yayılma durumları incelenmiştir. Böylece virüsün yayılma şeklinin matematiksel bir modeli çıkarılmış oldu. Bu noktada, her ne kadar devletler önlem alsada, kurallara uymayan insanların virüsü nasıl diğer insanlara aktardığının matematiksel olarak modellenmesi çalışıldı.
Determinant of export diversification
Authors: Espoir Lukau Matezo 
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this work is to identify the explanatory factors determining the diversification of exports in SADC countries during the period 1990-2018. We regress the indicator of export diversification, measured successively by the Herfindahl-Hirschman index on a set of explanatory variables. Using a next-generation panel data approach is applied, such as panel unit root, panel cointegration, fully modified OLS (FMOLS), and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS). The result of unit root tests for all these variables are stationary at their first difference and integrated of order one. Our results show that there is a long-term relationship between export diversification and GDP, openness to trade, accumulation of human and physical capital, foreign direct investment. All of its variables are the main explanatory factors for the diversification of exports in SADC countries.
The Use of Porous Titanium Coating and the Largest Possible Head Do Not Affect Early Cup Fixation
Authors: Tsikandylakis Georgios , Mortensen Kristian R.L. , Gromov Kirill , Troelsen Anders , Malchau Henrik , Mohaddes Maziar 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Cups are more frequently revised than stems after uncemented total hip arthroplasty, which warrants the development of cup surfaces that provide long-lasting, stable fixation. Large heads have become popular with the aim of reducing dislocation rates, but they generate greater frictional torque that may compromise cup fixation. We aimed to investigate (1) if a novel porous titanium surface provides superior cup fixation when compared with a porous plasma spray (PPS) surface and (2) if the use of the largest possible head compromises cup fixation when compared with a 32-mm head.

Methods:
Ninety-six patients were randomized to receive either a cup with a porous titanium coating (PTC) or a cup with PPS. A second randomization was performed to either the largest possible (36 to 44-mm) or a 32-mm head in metal-on-vitamin-E-infused polyethylene bearings. Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) examinations were obtained postoperatively at 3, 12, and 24 months. The primary outcome was proximal cup migration when comparing the 2 cup surfaces and also when comparing the largest possible head with the 32-mm head. The patients were followed for 2 years.

Results:
The median (and interquartile range) proximal cup migration was 0.15 mm (0.02 to 0.32 mm) for the PTC cup and 0.21 mm (0.11 to 0.34 mm) for the PPS cup. The largest possible head had a proximal cup migration of 0.15 mm (0.09 to 0.31 mm), and the 32-mm head had a proximal cup migration of 0.20 mm (0.04 to 0.35 mm). There were no significant differences between the cup surface (p = 0.378) or the head size (p = 0.693) groups.

Conclusions:
Early cup fixation was not superior with the novel PTC cup; the use of the largest possible head (36 to 44 mm) did not compromise early cup fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.