bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room temperature SO2 and H2 gas sensing using hydrothermally grown GO–ZnO nanorod composite films
Authors: Dhingra Vishal , Kumar Shani , Kumar Ravi , Garg Amit , Chowdhuri Arijit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Graphene based 2D materials with a surfeit of active sites and advantageously high surface to volume ratio are effectively linked to well established nanostructured semiconducting metal oxides for development of nanocomposites with enhanced gas sensing properties. Graphene Oxide (GO), a sister material of graphene, is therefore a natural choice for development of room temperature operated gas sensors. In the current investigation hydrothermally grown GO and ZnO nanorods composite (GO–ZnO–NR) is utilised for room temperature gas sensing of H2 and SO2 gases. Room temperature detection of H2 and SO2 at sub-100 ppm levels with linear variation in response for different concentrations is demonstrated. Morphological and structural analyses are conducted using Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. GO-ZnO-NR composite sensor is seen to exhibit robust sensing response of 5.82 and 5.45 for 100 ppm each of H2 and SO2 gases respectively at room temperature. Further, the delayed response and recovery times exhibited by the sensor for SO2 gas are recognized to be due to formation of strongly adhering SO3 species.
Effect of deformation parameters on microstructural evolution during hot compression of Nb–V–Mo microalloyed steel
Authors: Li Ning , Kingkam Wilasinee , Han Renheng , Tang Ming , Yao Yongtao , Zhang Hexin , Zhao Chengzhi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The flow behavior of Nb–V–Mo microalloyed steel at different deformation parameters was investigated using isothermal compression tests. The microstructures of the specimens after deformation were observed through the use of a metallographic microscope. The results indicated that the deformation temperature had a significant effect on the grain size of the deformed specimen and the average size of grains increases with corresponding increase in temperature in the range of 800 °C–1100 °C. The dislocations and substructures of the specimens after deformation were characterized using TEM. The bulged grain boundary was observed through TEM when the specimen was deformed at 1100 °C and 1 s−1. The effect of the strain rate on the dynamic recrystallization behavior was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The EBSD results indicated that the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries decreased with a corresponding decrease in strain rate, and the average sub-boundary misorientation increased with a decreasing strain rate. The continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism was determined through EBSD analysis.
Single-active electron calculations of high-order harmonic generation from valence shells in atoms for quantitative comparison with TDDFT calculations
Authors: Reiff R , Joyce T , Jaroń-Becker A , Becker A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present a reproducible ab-initio method to produce benchmark tests between time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) in the single-active-electron approximation (SAE) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in the highly nonlinear multiphoton and tunneling regime of strong-field physics. To this end we compare results for high-order harmonic generation from valence shells in atoms using the SAE-TDSE approach and TDDFT calculations. As key to the benchmark comparison we obtain an analytic form of SAE potentials based on density functional theory, which we applied for different atoms and ions. The ionization energies of atomic ground and excited states, as well as the energies of inner shells, for the SAE potentials agree well with experimental data. Using these potentials we find remarkable agreement between the results of the two independent numerical approaches (TDDFT and SAE-TDSE) for the high-order harmonic yields in helium, demonstrating the accuracy of the SAE potentials as well as the predictive power of SAE-TDSE and TDDFT calculations for the nonperturbative and highly nonlinear strong-field process of high harmonic generation in the ultraviolet and visible wavelength regime. Finally, as another application of the SAE potentials, high harmonic spectra from outer and inner valence shells are calculated and it is shown that unphysical artifacts in the SAE-spectra from the individual shells are removed once all the amplitudes are considered.
Reversible phase-transition control in nanometer-sized zirconium wires via pulse-voltage impression
Authors: Tsuruoka Yuuki , Obi Takuya , Kizuka Tokushi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pulse-voltage-stimulated phase transition in nanometer-sized zirconium (Zr) wires was observed in situ by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Simultaneously, the variation in conductance during the transition between crystalline and amorphous phases was examined. The crystalline phase of a hexagonal closed-packed structure in the wires transformed into an amorphous phase while applying pulse voltages of 4 ns in width, and subsequently returned to the initial crystalline phase by the impression of pulse voltages of 5 ms in width; the reversible phase transition via voltage impression using shorter and longer pulse waves was observed. The average conductance per a unit area in the amorphous phases was decreased to 0.87 of the crystalline phases. The amorphous region in the wires expanded gradually by every pulse-voltage impression, whereas the conductance decreased stepwise in response to the gradual expansion. It was demonstrated that the conductance of the wires can be controlled in a stepwise manner via pulse-voltage impression, leading to the application of the nanowires to functional nanodevices.
Frontline Workers in the Backrooms of COVID-19
Authors: Myers Jeffrey L , Mulder Lotte 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To review the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a forensics center that integrates an academic department of pathology with multiple regional county medical examiners’ offices.

Methods
Faculty and staff were asked to volunteer stories, data, and photographs describing their activities from March through May 2020. The information was assembled into a narrative summary.

Results
Increased deaths challenged capacity limits in a hospital morgue and a large urban medical examiner’s office (MEO) successfully managed by forensic teams and monitored by an institutional command center. Autopsies of suspected and proven cases of COVID-19 were performed in both facilities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing of decedents was performed in a MEO serving a large urban area. Scene investigators worked directly with families to meet needs unique to a pandemic. Artful photographs of decedent’s hands and/or tattoos were offered to those unable to have in-person viewings. Pathologists and social workers were available to families of the deceased and created novel solutions to facilitate the grieving process.

Conclusions
Forensic pathology is important to successfully navigating emerging diseases like the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct conversations with families are common in forensic pathology and serve as a model for patient- and family-centered care.
Modeling circRNA expression pattern with integrated sequence and epigenetic features demonstrates the potential involvement of H3K79me2 in circRNA expression
Authors: Chen Jia-Bin , Dong Shan-Shan , Yao Shi , Duan Yuan-Yuan , Hu Wei-Xin , Chen Hao , Wang Nai-Ning , Chen Xiao-Feng , Hao Ruo-Han , Thynn Hlaing Nwe , Guo Ming-Rui , Zhang Yu-Jie , Rong Yu , Chen Yi-Xiao , Zhou Fu-Ling , Guo Yan , Yang Tie-Lin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
CircRNAs are an abundant class of non-coding RNAs with widespread, cell-/tissue-specific patterns. Previous work suggested that epigenetic features might be related to circRNA expression. However, the contribution of epigenetic changes to circRNA expression has not been investigated systematically. Here, we built a machine learning framework named CIRCScan, to predict circRNA expression in various cell lines based on the sequence and epigenetic features.

Results
The predicted accuracy of the expression status models was high with area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values of 0.89–0.92 and the false-positive rates of 0.17–0.25. Predicted expressed circRNAs were further validated by RNA-seq data. The performance of expression-level prediction models was also good with normalized root-mean-square errors of 0.28–0.30 and Pearson’s correlation coefficient r over 0.4 in all cell lines, along with Spearman's correlation coefficient ρ of 0.33–0.46. Noteworthy, H3K79me2 was highly ranked in modeling both circRNA expression status and levels across different cells. Further analysis in additional nine cell lines demonstrated a significant enrichment of H3K79me2 in circRNA flanking intron regions, supporting the potential involvement of H3K79me2 in circRNA expression regulation.

Availability and implementation
The CIRCScan assembler is freely available online for academic use at https://github.com/johnlcd/CIRCScan.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Predictors of children’s health system use: cross-sectional study of linked data
Authors: Perrin Rebecca , Patel Sanjay , Lees Amanda , Smith Dianna , Woodcock Tina , Harris Scott , Fraser Simon D S 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundUse of health services is increasing in many countries. Most health service research exploring determinants of use has focused on adults and on secondary care. Less is known about factors associated with the use of the emergency department (ED) and general practice (GP) among young children.ObjectiveTo explore factors associated with GP consultations and ED attendances among children under 5 in a single UK city.MethodsCross-sectional exploratory study using anonymized individual-level health service use data for children aged 0–4 from 21 GPs in Southampton, UK, linked to ED data, over a 1-year period. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to explore the association of socio-demographic factors [using the 2015 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) to define socio-economic status] with high service use (defined as more than eight GP consultations and/or two ED attendances respectively).ResultsAmong 11 062 children, there were 76 092 GP consultations and 6107 ED attendances. Three thousand two hundred thirty-three (29%) children were high users of GP and 564 (5%) of ED services. Greater socio-economic deprivation was independently associated with high use of GP and ED services separately [odds ratios (OR) for most versus least deprived IMD quintile 1.45 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.20–1.75) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.41–3.46), respectively], and together [OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.48–4.65)].ConclusionYoung children are frequent users of health services, particularly GP. Socio-economic deprivation is an important factor. Parents, carers and health services may benefit from interventions that support families in their management of children’s health.
The Use of Online Health-Management Tools and Health Care Utilization Among Older Americans
Authors: Liu Darren , Yamashita Takashi , Burston Betty , Keene Jennifer R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The digital divide, or differences in access to technology, can have far-reaching consequences. This study identified disparities in access to online health-related technology. It then investigated associations between online health-related technology use and health care utilization among older adults in the United States.

Research Design and Methods
The study used a cross-sectional data set of 1,497 adults aged 51 and older from the 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS)’s supplemental module (Health Behaviors) and the RAND version of the HRS fat file.

Results
Older age, being a racial/ethnic minority, married, uninsured, and having lower educational attainment, lower income, and reporting poorer health were each associated with lower levels of use of online health-management tools. The use of online health-management tools was associated with a 34% greater mean number of doctor visits (incidence rate ratio = 1.34, SE = 0.10, p &lt; .05) than nonuse. However, such use was not associated with the number or type of hospitalizations. Indeed, only health care needs as measured by self-rated health status (odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, SE = 0.18, p &lt; .05) and the number of chronic conditions were associated with hospitalizations (OR = 1.68, SE = 0.07, p &lt; .05).

Discussion and Implications
While more research is needed to clarify the purposes (e.g., prevention vs. treatment) and outcomes of health care service utilization as a function of technology use, it may be wise to proactively tackle the digital divide as one upstream strategy for improving various health and health care outcomes among older adults.
A Naïve Population of European Oyster Ostrea edulis with Reduced Susceptibility to the Pathogen Bonamia ostreae: Are S-Strategy Life Traits Providing Protection?
Authors: Egerton Sian , Lynch Sharon A , Prado-Alvarez Maria , Flannery Grace , Brennan Elaine , Hugh-Jones Tristan , Hugh-Jones David , Culloty Sarah C 
Published: June 2020

SynopsisEuropean populations of the native flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, have been heavily depleted by two protozoan parasites, Marteila refringens and Bonamia ostreae, with mortalities of up to 90% reported in naïve populations. However, in studies carried out over a 10-year period, researching the parasite–host relationship of B. ostreae and O. edulis in several age cohorts within a naïve O. edulis population from Loch Ryan (LR), Scotland, 1364 specimens were challenged and only 64 (5%), across multiple testing protocols, screened positive for B. ostreae. This article presents a case for the development of S-strategy life traits in the LR population that coincide with enhanced immune function and survival. Oysters are considered typical r-strategists (small in size with fast development and high fecundity) while S-strategists, as outlined in Grime’s (1977) competitor–stress tolerant–ruderal (C–S–R) triangle theory, are characterized by slow growth and investment in the durability of individuals. This study hypothesizes that slower growth and reduced reproductive output in LR oysters has resulted in the investment of an enhanced immune function and reduced susceptibility to B. ostreae that is, r-strategists with S-strategy life traits equates to protection from significant pathogens. The findings presented here within provide a strong case study for local adaptation of energy allocation and provides empirical support for the C–S–R triangle theory in a marine organism.
Outcomes of chest wall fixation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced flail chest
Authors: Claydon Oliver , Benamore Rachel , Belcher Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chest wall injury is a common complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Chest wall fixation of flail chest has been shown to improve outcomes in patients in whom trauma is the primary pathology. Its efficacy in the post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation setting where the primary event is cardiac arrest is yet to be determined. We report outcomes in a series of 4 patients who underwent rib fixation in the setting of cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced flail chest.
Airborne SARS-CoV-2 Is Rapidly Inactivated by Simulated Sunlight
Authors: Schuit Michael , Ratnesar-Shumate Shanna , Yolitz Jason , Williams Gregory , Weaver Wade , Green Brian , Miller David , Krause Melissa , Beck Katie , Wood Stewart , Holland Brian , Bohannon Jordan , Freeburger Denise , Hooper Idris , Biryukov Jennifer , Altamura Louis A , Wahl Victoria , Hevey Michael , Dabisch Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aerosols represent a potential transmission route of COVID-19. This study examined effect of simulated sunlight, relative humidity, and suspension matrix on stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols. Simulated sunlight and matrix significantly affected decay rate of the virus. Relative humidity alone did not affect the decay rate; however, minor interactions between relative humidity and other factors were observed. Mean decay rates (± SD) in simulated saliva, under simulated sunlight levels representative of late winter/early fall and summer were 0.121 ± 0.017 min−1 (90% loss, 19 minutes) and 0.306 ± 0.097 min−1 (90% loss, 8 minutes), respectively. Mean decay rate without simulated sunlight across all relative humidity levels was 0.008 ± 0.011 min−1 (90% loss, 286 minutes). These results suggest that the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be dependent on environmental conditions, particularly sunlight. These data may be useful to inform mitigation strategies to minimize the potential for aerosol transmission.
Complete Blood Count and Derived Indices: Evolution Pattern and Prognostic Value in Adult Burned Patients
Authors: Angulo Martín , Moreno Laura , Aramendi Ignacio , dos Santos Gimena , Cabrera Julio , Burghi Gastón 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCertain parameters of complete blood count (CBC) such as red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean platelet volume, as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR) have been associated with inflammatory status and outcome in diverse medical conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the evolution pattern of these parameters in adult burned patients. Adult burned patients admitted to the National Burn Center in Uruguay between May 2017 and February 2018 (discovery cohort) and between March 2018 and August 2019 (validation cohort) were included. Patients’ characteristics and outcomes were recorded, as well as CBC parameters on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after thermal injury. Eighty-eight patients were included in the discovery cohort. Total body surface area burned was 14 [7–23]% and mortality was 15%. Nonsurvivors presented higher RDW and mean platelet volume (P &lt; .01). NLR decreased after admission in all patients (P &lt; .01), but was higher in nonsurvivors (P &lt; .01). Deceased patients also presented higher RPR on days 3, 5, and 7 (P &lt; .001). On the contrary, PLR was reduced in nonsurvivors (P &lt; .05). There was a significant correlation between NLR on admission and burn extension and severity. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that NLR, PLR, and RPR could identify patients with increased mortality. These findings were confirmed in the validation cohort (n = 95). Basic CBC parameters and derived indices could be useful as biomarkers to determine prognosis in adults with thermal injuries.
The use of data from electronic health records in times of a pandemic—a legal and ethical assessment
Authors: Stoeger Karl , Schmidhuber Martina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
National electronic health record systems controlled (at least in parts) by the patient are becoming increasingly common. During a pandemic, data stored in such records could be used by health authorities to identify persons with a particular health risk. In this contribution, the authors focus-from the perspective of law and medical ethics-on the question whether such state access to data could, under certain circumstances, be disadvantageous to a person’s state of health in the long run. This may be the case if the data extracted is not only used for the purpose of informing persons, but serves as a basis for measures taken against the will of the individual concerned. This might be perceived as a “breach of trust” and could result in persons opting out of or not opting into an electronic health record system. Such unintended consequences raise concerns from an ethical and a legal point of view. It follows that, even in times of a pandemic, access to personal data stored in patient-controlled health records should be used as a last resort only. While this contribution deals with the legal framework within the EU, its considerations are transferable to other national electronic health record systems.
Kinetic analysis of the intracellular processing of siRNAs by confocal microscopy
Authors: Vocelle Daniel , Chesniak Olivia M , Smith Milton R , Chan Christina , Walton S Patrick 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Here, we describe a method for tracking intracellular processing of small interfering RNA (siRNA) containing complexes using automated microscopy controls and image acquisition to minimize user effort and time. This technique uses fluorescence colocalization to monitor dual-labeled fluorescent siRNAs delivered by silica nanoparticles in different intracellular locations, including the early/late endosomes, fast/slow recycling endosomes, lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. Combining the temporal association of siRNAs with each intracellular location, we reconstructed the intracellular pathways used in siRNA processing, and demonstrate how these pathways vary based on the chemical composition of the delivery vehicle.
Overview of EU Antitrust Procedure: Legal Framework, Institutional Design, and Decision-Making Process
Authors: Cunningham Monica , Gerard Damien , Rousseva Ekaterina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the procedure governing the application of Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) or the ‘antitrust rules’. The EU antitrust procedural rules are the tools that enable enforcement of the EU substantive antitrust rules. At top of the hierarchy of rules governing EU antitrust enforcement are the procedural rules set out in the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and TFEU. Article 103 TFEU defines the type of legal acts that the EU institutions should adopt in order to give effect of the principles set out in the substantive provisions. Article 104 TFEU defines the duties of the Member State until such regulations are adopted, while Article 105 TFEU defines the scope of the power of the European Commission in the area of antitrust. Other general principles of law, such as proportionality and legal certainty, also form an integral part of EU antitrust procedural law.
Handling and Rejecting Complaints
Authors: Dawes Anthony , Rousseva Ekaterina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the grounds for, and the process of, rejecting complaints, and outlines complainants’ rights. Complaints are crucial for effective antitrust enforcement. They are a tool to trigger cases and help the European Commission to focus on markets and practices that matter to EU citizens. The Commission therefore encourages the submission of complaints. At the same time, the Commission, as any administrative body, has limited resources. To this effect, the EU Courts have on many occasions acknowledged the Commission’s discretion to give differing degrees of priority to the examination of complaints and to choose the criteria for rejecting complaints. The EU competition rules take into account the fact that complaints are better dealt with by the competition authority which is closer to the facts. Moreover, once an allegedly anticompetitive practice is being reviewed or has been already reviewed by a competition authority, Article 13 of Regulation 1/2003 provides that other competition authorities can rely on this review to reject the same allegations if brought to their attention. The approach to complaints also takes into account that Articles 101 and 102 TFEU are directly applicable and that persons affected by allegedly anticompetitive practices may seek redress before national courts.