bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond binaries. Interrogating ancient DNA
Authors: Crellin Rachel J. , Harris Oliver J.T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we explore ancient DNA (aDNA) as a powerful new technique for archaeologists. We argue that for aDNA to reach its full potential we need to carefully consider its theoretical underpinnings. We suggest that at present much aDNA research rests upon two problematic theoretical assumptions: first, that nature and culture exist in binary opposition and that DNA is a part of nature; second, that cultures form distinct and bounded identities. The nature–culture binary, which underpins much aDNA research, not only is a misunderstanding of our world but also results in placing archaeology and material culture in a secondary and subservient position to science and aDNA. Viewing cultures as distinct and bounded creates exclusionary, simplistic and singular identities for past populations. This stands in contrast to the work of social scientists, which has revealed identity to be complex, multiple, changing and contradictory. We offer a new way forward drawing upon assemblage thinking and post-humanism. This allows us to consider the messy and complex nature of our world and of human identities, and demands that we expect equally messy and complex results to emerge when we bring aDNA into conversation with other forms of archaeological evidence.
Deep Neural Network Enabled Space Group Identification in EBSD
Authors: Kaufmann Kevin , Zhu Chaoyi , Rosengarten Alexander S. , Vecchio Kenneth S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is one of the primary tools in materials development and analysis. The technique can perform simultaneous analyses at multiple length scales, providing local sub-micron information mapped globally to centimeter scale. Recently, a series of technological revolutions simultaneously increased diffraction pattern quality and collection rate. After collection, current EBSD pattern indexing techniques (whether Hough-based or dictionary pattern matching based) are capable of reliably differentiating between a “user selected” set of phases, if those phases contain sufficiently different crystal structures. EBSD is currently less well suited for the problem of phase identification where the phases in the sample are unknown. A pattern analysis technique capable of phase identification, utilizing the information-rich diffraction patterns potentially coupled with other data, such as EDS-derived chemistry, would enable EBSD to become a high-throughput technique replacing many slower (X-ray diffraction) or more expensive (neutron diffraction) methods. We utilize a machine learning technique to develop a general methodology for the space group classification of diffraction patterns; this is demonstrated within the $\lpar 4/m\comma \;\bar{3}\comma \;\;2/m\rpar$ point group. We evaluate the machine learning algorithm's performance in real-world situations using materials outside the training set, simultaneously elucidating the role of atomic scattering factors, orientation, and pattern quality on classification accuracy.
Secular evolution and pseudo-bulges
Authors: Combes Francoise 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThrough vertical resonances, bars can produce pseudo-bulges, within secular evolution. Bulges and pseudo-bulges have doubled their mass since z=1. The frequency of bulge-less galaxies at z=0 is difficult to explain, especially since clumpy galaxies at high z should create classical bulges in all galaxies. This issue is solved in modified gravity models. Bars and spirals in a galaxy disk, produce gravity torques that drive the gas to the center and fuel central star formation and nuclear activity. At 0.1-1kpc scale, observations of gravity torques show that only about one third of Seyfert galaxies experience molecular inflow and central fueling, while in most cases the gas is stalled in resonant rings. At 10-20pc scale, some galaxies have clearly revealed AGN fueling due to nuclear trailing spirals, influenced by the black hole potential. Thanks to ALMA, and angular resolution of up to 80mas, it is possible to reach the central black hole (BH) zone of influence, discover molecular tori, circum-nuclear disks misaligned with the galaxy, and the BH mass can be derived more directly from the kinematics.
Proper motion of the Magellanic Bridge: Removal of foreground stars
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , Niederhofer Florian , Diaz Jonathan , Queiroz Anna B. A. , Matijevic Gal , Chiappini Cristina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Large and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC and SMC) are the most luminous dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way. Thanks to their close proximity (50-60 kpc), they provide one of the best opportunities to study in detail the kinematics of resolved stellar populations in an interacting pair of galaxies. Large photometric surveys like the ongoing Gaia mission and the near-infrared VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC) will have a significant impact on our insight into the Magellanic system. We have combined the individual strengths of VMC and Gaia DR2 data to improve our understanding of the internal kinematics of the galaxies. In this study, we present results from our ongoing project dedicated to measure and analyse the proper motions of large samples of stars across the Magellanic Clouds, efficiently removing Milk Way foreground stars utilising distances derived with the StarHorse code.
Effect of the gas percentage on the thickness of the galactic discs during minor mergers using hydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Thakkalapally Swetha , Hasan Priya , Hasan S. N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the minor mergers of galaxies using simulations. For this we use GADGET2 code. We present results of simulations of minor mergers of disc galaxies of mass ratio 1:10. These simulations consist of collisionless as well as hydrodynamical runs including a gaseous component in the galactic disc of primary galaxy. Our goal is to establish the characteristics of discs obtained after the merger.We observe that the primary galaxy discs are not destroyed after the merger. We take different initial conditions for the primary galaxy varying the gas percentage in disc from 0–40 percentage and study the thickness of the disc after the merger. We generally observe that the thickness of the disc increases after the merger for any gas percentage. We also observe that as the gas percentage increases in the disc of initial primary galaxy, the increase in the thickness keeps decreasing.
Constraining the Milky Way non-axisymmetries with Gaia
Authors: Famaey B. , Monari G. , Siebert A. , Bienaymé O. , Ibata R. , Wegg C. , Gerhard O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented amount and accuracy of kinematic data from the second release of the Gaia mission have started revolutionizing our understanding of the dynamics of the Milky Way disk. The detailed stellar velocity field in the Galactic disk should allow us to constrain with unprecedented precision the parameters of the non-axisymmetric modes of the disk. We present here the status of our current modelling efforts in this area, and their implication on the dynamics of the Galactic bar in particular.
Measuring torque of galactic bar from Gaia DR2
Authors: Kipper Rain , Tempel Elmo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince past few decades, observations have improved so strongly that when modelling Milky Way (MW) dynamics it is required to include small perturbations to the modelling process. It is difficult task that we try to solve by selecting regions to model so small that the perturbation can be considered to give nearly constant effect. We use Solar Neighbourhood (SN) as our test sample and assume that the bar effects show more or less constant contribution to SN. By extrapolating and smoothing observed stars on their orbits, and requiring that smoothed and observed phase space are consistent we were able to deduce acceleration vector. We conclude from non-radial acceleration component that the bar must cause about one third of total acceleration near SN.
New structures of the Milky Way stellar and dark halos revealed from the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey
Authors: Chiba Masashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present the recent discovery of new halo structures in the Milky Way (MW) based on the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program (SSP). HSC is a wide-field imager installed at the prime focus of the Subaru Telescope, and a 300-night survey with this instrument is being carried out in this program. The combination of the superb image quality and depth and the fact that it is a multi-band survey allows us to identify new faint satellites as well as field halo stars in the outskirts of the MW halo beyond the reach of previous surveys. We report here on the new insights into the nature of both stellar and dark halos in the MW as revealed from this on-going survey program and show prospects based on the upcoming large spectroscopic survey with Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph.
Tracing the rotational velocity of the halo with K-giant stars in LAMOST-Gaia era
Authors: Tian Hao , Liu Chao , Xu Yan , Xue Xiang-Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLAMOST has obtained a large number of spectra for K-giant stars whose metallicities are well measured and released in DR5. Combining with the distances, radial velocities and proper motions provided by Gaia DR2, the full position and velocity information has been obtained. Using the Bayesian method we have constrained the rotational velocity of the halo and thick disk components in the local volume within 4 kpc from the Sun. The values of the rotational velocity are and for the halo and disk respectively, with the velocity of LSR assumed to be 232 km s−1. The dispersions of the rotational velocity are and for the two components. What’s more, another hot retrogradely rotating component is discovered.
VVV Microlensing events in the far side of the Milky Way
Authors: Gabriela Navarro María , Minniti Dante , Ramos Rodrigo Contreras 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to study the most reddened areas of the Milky Way we used near-IR data from the VVV Survey. For the first time, the VISTA telescope allows us to observe the mid-plane through the Galactic bulge and study the disk in the other side of the Milky Way. Motivated by the detection of hundreds of microlensing events in the inner regions of the Galaxy, we propose three new configurations of microlensing events, placing the sources in the far-disk and the lenses in the far-disk/bulge/near-disk. These new configurations will change the usual way to interpret the timescale distributions due to the different populations along the line of sight, that exhibit varied transverse velocities and relative distances.
Galactic dynamics and DM profile of NGC1380 with ALMA and VLT/MUSE
Authors: Tsukui Takafumi , Iguchi Satoru , Onishi Kyoko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to understand the interaction between dark matter and baryonic matter in the galaxy evolution history, it is fundamental to constrain dark matter (DM) distribution in galaxies. However, it is difficult to constrain DM profile in the central region of early type galaxy because of the lack of extended neutral hydrogen gas and the degeneracy between dynamical stellar M/L and DM profile. To resolve this difficulty, we conducted combined analysis of ALMA cold molecular gas kinematics and MUSE stellar kinematics of early type fast rotator galaxy NGC1380. In addition, we used HST image to trace the stellar luminosity distribution. With the help of high resolution of ALMA image and large field of view of MUSE, we derived the central BH mass, stellar bulge, disk and DM profile.
SiO maser emission as a stellar line-of-sight velocity tracer in the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) survey
Authors: Stroh Michael C. , Pihlström Ylva M. , Sjouwerman Loránt O. , Lewis Megan O. , Claussen Mark J , Morris Mark R. , Rich R. Michael ,   the BAaDE collaboration
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) survey aims to explore the complex structure of the inner Galaxy and Galactic Bulge, by using the 43 GHz receivers at the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the 86 GHz receivers at the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe SiO maser lines in red giant stars. The goal is to construct a sample of stellar point-mass probes that can be used to test models of the gravitational potential, and the final sample is expected to provide at least 20,000 line-of-sight velocities and positions. A possible bias between the VLA and the ALMA SiO maser lines is explored, and the 86 GHz SiO line-peak velocities agree using either of the four sampled lines. Additionally, the SiO maser velocities agree with the OH maser derived velocities.
Elliptical galaxies/stellar halos connection
Authors: Arnaboldi Magda , Pulsoni Claudia , Gerhard Ortwin ,   the ePN.S team
Published: May 2020

AbstractCosmological simulations predict that early-type galaxies (ETGs) are the results of extended mass accretion histories. The latter are characterized by different numbers of mergers, mergers’ mass ratios and gas fractions, and timing. Depending on the sequence and nature of these mergers that follow the first phase of the in-situ star formation, these accretion histories may lead to ETGs that have low or high mass halos, and that rotate fast or slow. Since the stellar halos maintain the fossil records of the events that led to their formation, a discontinuity may be in place between the inner regions of ETGs and their outer halos, because the time required for the halos’ stars to exchange their energies and momenta is very long compared with the age of these systems. Exquisite deep photometry and extended spectroscopy for significant samples of ETGs are then used to quantify the occurrence and significance of such a transition in the galaxies’ structural and kinematical parameters. Once this transition radius is measured, its dependency with the effective radius of the galaxies’ light distribution and total stellar masses can be investigated. Such correlations can then be compared with the predictions of accreted, i.e. ex-situ vs. in-situ components from cosmological simulations to validate such models.
Transnational Corporate Liability for Environmental Damage and Climate Change: Reassessing Access to Justice afterVedantav.Lungowe
Authors: Varvastian Samvel , Kalunga Felicity 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOn 10 April 2019 the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom delivered judgment in the case ofVedantav.Lungowe, which concerned the liability of an English company for environmental damage caused by its subsidiary in Zambia. The decision confirms that English parent companies can owe a duty of care to foreign claimants affected by operations of their subsidiaries abroad and that the English courts may have jurisdiction to hear such cases, even when a foreign court is a more appropriate place for the trial. It establishes an important precedent for providing access to justice for foreign claimants in transnational corporate liability litigation. Given the global presence of English companies and the fact that their foreign subsidiaries have been involved in multiple cases of environmental damage in the host states, the decision could give an impetus to future claims being brought in the English courts. Also, the decision opens some interesting possibilities for climate change liability litigation against English parent companies and their foreign subsidiaries, as their cumulative greenhouse gas emissions are likely to be considerably higher than when taken separately, arguably making prospective claims against them more viable.
Crustal Structure in Southeastern Texas From Joint Inversion of Ambient Seismic Noise and P to S Receiver Functions
Authors: Porritt R. W. , Savvaidis A. , Young B. , Shirley M. , Li P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe detection and classification of earthquakes in regions previously considered aseismic has led to significant advances in our understanding of anthropogenically induced earthquakes in productive basins. The Eagle Ford of southeastern Texas is one such basin that has seen an increase in earthquakes, and a recent TexNet temporary network was deployed in this region to better detect and locate earthquakes. Here we present new results from a joint inversion of ambient noise‐derived group and phase velocity maps with P to S receiver functions for shear velocity. The first‐order features of this model include a clear velocity contrast parallel to the Ouachita‐Marathon Front and thickening of the low‐velocity upper crust from the northwest toward the Gulf Coast. Secondary features include NE‐SW striking variations in the middle to upper crust, related to isolated uplifts inferred throughout the region, and variations in the presence and thickness of a high‐velocity lower crust. These features are anticorrelated such that the region of high‐velocity upper crust has little lower crust high‐velocity material. The Luling Uplift is identified as one of these features, and we suggest the variations in lower crust structure indicate along‐strike variations in the processes involved in the formation and subsequent breakup of Pangea. This model suggests the United States‐Gulf of Mexico margin morphology is shaped by deformation around the edges of strong blocks and that induced seismicity is focused by these structurally competent features.
Surrogate‐Based Joint Estimation of Subsurface Geological and Relative Permeability Parameters for High‐Dimensional Inverse Problem by Use of Smooth Local Parameterization
Authors: Xiao Cong , Tian Leng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces an efficient surrogate model with the aim of accelerating joint estimation of subsurface geological properties and relative permeability parameters for high‐dimensional inversion problems. We fully replace the high‐fidelity model with a set of subdomain linear models through integrating model linearization with smooth local parameterization where the Gaussian geological parameters and non‐Gaussian facies indicators are locally parameterized. These subdomain linear models with smooth local parameterization, referred to as SLM‐SLP, are constructed in each subdomain individually using only a few high‐fidelity model simulations. An adaptive scheme, that is, weighting smooth local parameterization (WSLP), is introduced as well to mitigate the negative effects of inappropriate domain decomposition schemes by adaptively optimizing the domain decomposition strategy. The computational advantages of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated on a synthetic non‐Gaussian facies model and a real‐world high‐dimensional Gaussian model. The amount of computational cost has been drastically reduced while reasonable accuracy remains. Specifically, SLM‐SLP only needs 220 fidelity simulations to optimize 302 parameters. Compared to ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES‐MDA), SLM‐SLP effectively and efficiently mitigates the ensemble collapse problem in the course of uncertain quantification.
Feasibility of Near‐Real‐Time GOLD Data Products
Authors: Codrescu S. M. , Rowland W. F. , Plummer T. M. , Vanier B. A. , Berger T. E. , Codrescu M. V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA primary limitation for accurate specification and forecasting of the thermosphere‐ionosphere (TI) system is uncertainty in the system forcing. This significantly impacts users who have operational and real‐time interests in the current and future state of the TI system. Since Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations are expected to provide information about both the current state and forcing of the TI system, GOLD products could be an operational asset if they could be provided in near real time. Production of GOLD data products requires knowledge of the satellite pointing and location. The current scientific processing implementation contains an operationally significant delay to await definitive location and as‐flown pointing. We present the results of a demonstration low‐latency processing system that assumes the nominal satellite position and pointing to produce low‐latency GOLD data products. The resulting products are reasonably similar to the scientific version but are available within minutes rather than hours.
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins induce FOXP3 in neoplastic T cells in Sézary syndrome
Authors: Willerslev-Olsen Andreas , Buus Terkild B. , Nastasi Claudia , Blümel Edda , Gluud Maria , Bonefeld Charlotte M. , Geisler Carsten , Lindahl Lise M. , Vermeer Maarten , Wasik Mariusz A. , Iversen Lars , Becker Jürgen C. , Andersen Mads Hald , Gjerdrum Lise M. R. , Litvinov Ivan V. , Litman Thomas , Krejsgaard Thorbjørn , Woetmann Anders , Ødum Niels 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSézary syndrome (SS) is a heterogeneous leukemic subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with generalized erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, and a poor prognosis. Advanced disease is invariably associated with severe immune dysregulation and the majority of patients die from infectious complications caused by microorganisms such as,Staphylococcus aureus, rather than from the lymphoma per se. Here, we examined if staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) may shape the phenotype of malignant SS cells, including expression of the regulatory T-cell-associated marker FOXP3. Our studies with primary and cultured malignant cells show that SE induce expression of FOXP3 in malignant cells when exposed to nonmalignant cells. Mutations in the MHC class II binding domain of SE-A (SEA) largely block the effect indicating that the response relies at least in part on the MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation. Transwell experiments show that the effect is induced by soluble factors, partly blocked by anti-IL-2 antibody, and depends on STAT5 activation in malignant cells. Collectively, these findings show that SE stimulate nonmalignant cells to induce FOXP3 expression in malignant cells. Thus, differences in exposure to environmental factors, such as bacterial toxins may explain the heterogeneous FOXP3 expression in malignant cells in SS.
MYC transcription activation mediated by OCT4 as a mechanism of resistance to 13-cisRA-mediated differentiation in neuroblastoma
Authors: Wei Sung-Jen , Nguyen Thinh H. , Yang In-Hyoung , Mook Dustin G. , Makena Monish Ram , Verlekar Dattesh , Hindle Ashly , Martinez Gloria M. , Yang Shengping , Shimada Hiroyuki , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kang Min H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite the improvement in clinical outcome with 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cisRA) + anti-GD2 antibody + cytokine immunotherapy given in first response ~40% of high-risk neuroblastoma patients die of recurrent disease. MYCN genomic amplification is a biomarker of aggressive tumors in the childhood cancer neuroblastoma. MYCN expression is downregulated by 13-cisRA, a differentiating agent that is a component of neuroblastoma therapy. Although MYC amplification is rare in neuroblastoma at diagnosis, we report transcriptional activation of MYC medicated by the transcription factor OCT4, functionally replacing MYCN in 13-cisRA-resistant progressive disease neuroblastoma in large panels of patient-derived cell lines and xenograft models. We identified novel OCT4-binding sites in the MYC promoter/enhancer region that regulated MYC expression via phosphorylation by MAPKAPK2 (MK2). OCT4 phosphorylation at the S111 residue by MK2 was upstream of MYC transcriptional activation. Expression of OCT4, MK2, and c-MYC was higher in progressive disease relative to pre-therapy neuroblastomas and was associated with inferior patient survival. OCT4 or MK2 knockdown decreased c-MYC expression and restored the sensitivity to 13-cisRA. In conclusion, we demonstrated that high c-MYC expression independent of genomic amplification is associated with disease progression in neuroblastoma. MK2-mediated OCT4 transcriptional activation is a novel mechanism for activating the MYC oncogene in progressive disease neuroblastoma that provides a therapeutic target.