bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Spinnin' the Webb”: Representational Spaces, Mythic Narratives, and the 1937 Webb/Goodman Battle of Music
Authors: WELLS CHRISTOPHER J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBenny Goodman and Chick Webb's 1937 battle of music has become a mythic event in jazz historical narratives, enshrined as the unique spectacle that defines Harlem's Savoy Ballroom and its legacy. While this battle has been marked as exceptional and unique, as an event it was a relatively typical instantiation of the “battle of music” format, a presentational genre common in black venues during the 1920s and 1930s. Within African American communities, battles of music re-staged ballrooms as symbolically loaded representational spaces where dueling bands regularly served as oppositional totems that indexed differences of locality (Chicago vs. New York), gender (men vs. women), ethnicity (Anglo- or African American vs. Latin), or race (black vs. white). This article details the ten-year history of battles of music that preceded the Webb/Goodman battle and that made its signifying rhetoric legible within African American communities. It then argues that the disconnect between the battle's relatively typical signifying rhetoric and its subsequent enshrinement as an exceptional event occurred due to a specific confluence of circumstances in the mid-1930s that shaped its immediate reception and subsequent legacy: Goodman's emergence as the “King of Swing” during a new period of massive mainstream popularity for swing music, a coterminous vigilance among both white and black jazz writers to credit black artists as jazz's originators and best practitioners, and the emergence of athletes Jesse Owens and Joe Louis as popular black champions symbolically conquering white supremacy at home and abroad.
Type-2 diabetes and risk of dementia: observational and Mendelian randomisation studies in 1 million individuals
Authors: Thomassen Jesper Qvist , Tolstrup Janne Schurmann , Benn Marianne , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsIn observational studies, type-2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of dementia; however, the causal nature of this association remains unanswered. In an unselected nationwide study of all Danes, we wanted to test whether type-2 diabetes is associated with dementia subtypes, and to test whether potential associations are of a causal nature.MethodsIn the current study of nationwide observational registry data in all Danes above the age of 65 years (n= 784 434) combined with genetic consortia data on 213 370 individuals, we investigated the associations between type-2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, unspecified dementia and all-cause dementia, and whether observational associations were of a causal nature by applying a two-sample Mendelian randomisation strategy. We addressed key biases inherent in Mendelian randomisation approaches.ResultsImportant confounders (age, ethnicity, size of community, region, civil status and education level) were captured on all 784 434 individuals and adjusted for in the models. Multifactorial adjusted hazard ratios were 1.13 (1.06–1.21) for Alzheimer's disease, 1.98 (1.83–2.14) for vascular dementia, 1.53 (1.48–1.59) for unspecified dementia and 1.48 (1.44–1.53) for all-cause dementia in persons with type-2 diabetesv. without. Results were similar for men and women. The two-sample Mendelian randomisation estimate for the association between the genetic instrument and Alzheimer's disease was 1.04 (0.98–1.10), consistent with sensitivity estimates, addressing pleiotropy, measurement bias and weak instrument bias.ConclusionsIn a nationwide study of all Danes above the age of 65 years, we show that type-2 diabetes is associated with major subtypes of dementia – with particularly strong associations for vascular dementia and unspecified dementia – the two types of dementia with the most obvious vascular pathologies. Although the present two-sample Mendelian randomisation approach using genetic consortia data suggests that type-2 diabetes is not a direct cause of Alzheimer's disease, we were unable to test the causal nature of type-2 diabetes for vascular dementia and unspecified dementia, because no publicly available genetic consortia data yet exist for these dementia endpoints. The causal nature of type-2 diabetes for dementia with vascular pathologies is pivotal questions to solve for future public health recommendations and therapeutic advice.
Methods for Estimating Wet Bulb Globe Temperature From Remote and Low‐Cost Data: A Comparative Study in Central Alabama
Authors: Carter Anabel W. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Gohlke Julia M. , Wang Suwei , Richardson Molly B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHeat stress is a significant health concern that can lead to illness, injury, and mortality. The wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index is one method for monitoring environmental heat risk. Generally, WBGT is estimated using a heat stress monitor that includes sensors capable of measuring ambient, wet bulb, and black globe temperature, and these measurements are combined to calculate WBGT. However, this method can be expensive, time consuming, and requires careful attention to ensure accurate and repeatable data. Therefore, researchers have attempted to use standard meteorological measurements, using single data sources as an input (e.g., weather stations) to calculate WBGT. Building on these efforts, we apply data from a variety of sources to calculate WBGT, understand the accuracy of our estimated equation, and compare the performance of different sources of input data. To do this, WBGT measurements were collected from Kestrel 5400 Heat Stress Trackers installed in three locations in Alabama. Data were also drawn from local weather stations, North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS), and low cost iButton hygrometers. We applied previously published equations for estimating natural wet bulb temperature, globe temperature, and WBGT to these diverse data sources. Correlation results showed that WBGT estimates derived from all proxy data sources—weather station, weather station/iButton, NLDAS, NLDAS/iButton—were statistically indistinguishable from each other, or from the Kestrel measurements, at two of the three sites. However, at the same two sites, the addition of iButtons significantly reduced root mean square error and bias compared to other methods.
Stratocumulus in the Cold and Warm Sides of the Spring Kuroshio Sea Surface Temperature Front in the East China Sea
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Li Yunying , Song Wenting 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe characteristics and formation mechanisms of stratocumulus (Sc) clouds were investigated in this study based on satellite and sounding data from March and April 2007–2010. The effects of the intensity of the Kuroshio sea surface temperature (SST) front on the amount and height of Sc clouds were also assessed by composite analysis. Sc clouds mainly occurred lower than 3 km as single‐layer clouds, and there was a larger amount of clouds in the warm side than in the cold side of the Kuroshio area. This difference occurred because the Kuroshio SST front produced different dynamics and thermal structures in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) of the warm and cold sides. Both the strong local sensible heat flux forced by strong northwesterly winds and the large relative humidity in the PBL favored the formation of Sc clouds in the warm side. In the cold side, both the strong temperature inversion caused by downdrafts and the PBL top height hindered cloud development, similar to the cloud formation conditions in the subtropical oceans near California. Furthermore, the amount and height of clouds were influenced by the Kuroshio SST front intensity. In the warm side, more abundant clouds and a higher cloud height were associated with a strong SST front background than with a weak SST front background.
A Channel Network Model for Sediment Dynamics Over Watershed Management Time Scales
Authors: Beveridge Claire , Istanbulluoglu Erkan , Bandaragoda Christina , Pfeiffer Allison M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA mountain watershed network model is presented for use in decadal to centurial estimation of source‐to‐sink sediment dynamics. The model requires limited input parameters and can be effectively applied over spatial scales relevant to management of reservoirs, lakes, streams, and watersheds (1–100 km2). The model operates over a connected stream network of Strahler‐ordered segments. The model is driven by streamflow from a physically based hydrology model and hillslope sediment supply from a stochastic mass wasting algorithm. For each daily time step, segment‐scale sediment mass balance is computed using bedload and suspended load transport equations. Sediment transport is partitioned between grain size fractions for bedload as gravel and sand, and for suspended load as sand and mud. Bedload and suspended load can deposit and re‐entrain at each segment. We demonstrated the model in the Elwha River Basin, upstream of the former Glines Canyon dam, over the dam's historic 84‐year lifespan. The model predicted the lifetime reservoir sedimentation volume within the uncertainty range of the measured volume (13.7–18.5 million m3) for 25 of 28 model instances. Gravel, sand, and mud fraction volumes were predicted within measurement uncertainty ranges for 18 model instances. The network model improved the prediction of sediment yields compared to at‐a‐station sediment transport capacity relations. The network model also provided spatially and temporally distributed information that allowed for inquiry and understanding of the physical system beyond the sediment yields at the outlet. This work advances cross‐disciplinary and application‐oriented watershed sediment yield modeling approaches.
FUNWAVE‐GPU: Multiple‐GPU Acceleration of a Boussinesq‐Type Wave Model
Authors: Yuan Ye , Shi Fengyan , Kirby James T. , Yu Fujiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper documents development of a multiple‐Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) version of FUNWAVE‐Total Variation Diminishing (TVD), an open‐source model for solving the fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave equations using a high‐order TVD solver. The numerical schemes of FUNWAVE‐TVD, including Cartesian and spherical coordinates, are rewritten using CUDA Fortran, with inter‐GPU communication facilitated by the Message Passing Interface. Since FUNWAVE‐TVD involves the discretization of high‐order dispersive derivatives, the on‐chip shared memory is utilized to reduce global memory access. To further optimize performance, the batched tridiagonal solver is scheduled simultaneously in multiple‐GPU streams, which can reduce the GPU execution time by 20–30%. The GPU version is validated through a benchmark test for wave runup on a complex shoreline geometry, as well as a basin‐scale tsunami simulation of the 2011 Tohoku‐oki event. Efficiency evaluation shows that, in comparison with the CPU version running at a 36‐core HPC node, speedup ratios of 4–7 and above 10 can be observed for single‐ and double‐GPU runs, respectively. The performance metrics of multiple‐GPU implementation needs to be further evaluated when appropriate.
Contrasting Influences of Human Activities on Hydrological Drought Regimes Over China Based on High‐Resolution Simulations
Authors: Yang Xiaoli , Zhang Mengru , He Xiaogang , Ren Liliang , Pan Ming , Yu Xiaohan , Wei Zhongwang , Sheffield Justin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHow human activities have altered hydrological droughts (streamflow deficits) in China during the past five decades (1961–2016) is investigated using the latest version (v2.0) of PCR‐GLOBWB model at high spatial resolution (~10 km). Although both human activities and climate variability have significant effects on river flows over China, there are large regional north‐south contrasts. Over northern China, human activities generally intensify hydrological droughts. We find that human activities exacerbated drought deficit by about 70–200% from 2004 to 2015. In contrast, droughts over southern China are generally alleviated by human activities. For instance, irrigation and water management (such as reservoir operation and water abstraction) increase drought StDef (standardized drought deficit volume) by about 80% in the Yellow River (north) but reduce it by about 20% in the Yangtze River (south). Human activities slightly reduce drought deficit in the Yangtze River due to the combination of large reservoir storage and low ratio of agriculture consumption to abstracted irrigation water. In contrast, hydrological drought is aggravated in the semiarid Yellow River basin because of high water consumption from agricultural sectors. This study suggests that human activities have contrasting influences on hydrological drought characteristics in the northern (intensification) and southern (mitigation) parts of China. Therefore, it is critical to consider the variable roles of human activities on hydrological drought in China when developing mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Pore‐Scale Controls on the Gas and Water Transport in Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments
Authors: Li Guangyao , Zhan Liangtong , Yun Taesup , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGas and water flow rates shape the economic feasibility of hydrate deposit exploration. However, pore‐scale controls on the gas and water transport as well as ensued impacts on gas production from hydrate deposits have not been well understood. This study uses 3D pore network modeling to understand the impacts of pore characteristics, hydrate, and hysteresis on two‐phase fluid transport in hydrate‐bearing sediments. The results highlight that drying and wetting are occurring simultaneously in sediments resulting in a nonunique water retention curve. The relative permeability to gas is governed by the coefficient of variance and the connectivity of pore size distribution in sediments. Parameter values for the modified Brook‐Corey relative permeability model are recommended considering preferential hydrate pore clogging habits.
Thermodynamic limits for simultaneous energy harvesting from the hot sun and cold outer space
Authors: Li Wei , Buddhiraju Siddharth , Fan Shanhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe sun and outer space are two of the most important fundamental thermodynamic resources for renewable energy harvesting. A significant amount of work has focused on understanding the fundamental limit of energy harvesting from the sun. More recently, there have been several theoretical analyses of the fundamental limit of energy harvesting from outer space. However, far less is understood about the fundamental limits of simultaneous energy harvesting from both the sun and outer space. Here, we consider and introduce various schemes that are capable of simultaneous energy harvesting and elucidate the fundamental thermodynamic limits of these schemes. We show that the theoretical limits can far exceed the previously established limit associated with utilizing only one thermodynamic resource. Our results highlight the significant potential of simultaneous energy harvesting and indicate new fundamental opportunities for improving the efficiency of energy harvesting systems.
High functional diversity among Nitrospira populations that dominate rotating biological contactor microbial communities in a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Spasov Emilie , Tsuji Jackson M , Hug Laura A , Doxey Andrew C , Sauder Laura A , Parker Wayne J , Neufeld Josh D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, is an important process in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Members of the Nitrospira genus that contribute to complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) have only recently been discovered and their relevance to engineered water treatment systems is poorly understood. This study investigated distributions of Nitrospira, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in biofilm samples collected from tertiary rotating biological contactors (RBCs) of a municipal WWTP in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenomics, our results demonstrate that Nitrospira species strongly dominate RBC biofilm samples and that comammox Nitrospira outnumber all other nitrifiers. Genome bins recovered from assembled metagenomes reveal multiple populations of comammox Nitrospira with distinct spatial and temporal distributions, including several taxa that are distinct from previously characterized Nitrospira members. Diverse functional profiles imply a high level of niche heterogeneity among comammox Nitrospira, in contrast to the sole detected AOA representative that was previously cultivated and characterized from the same RBC biofilm. Our metagenome bins also reveal two cyanase-encoding populations of comammox Nitrospira, suggesting an ability to degrade cyanate, which has only been shown previously for several Nitrospira representatives that are strict nitrite oxidizers. This study demonstrates the importance of RBCs as model systems for continued investigation of environmental factors that control the distributions and activities of AOB, AOA, comammox Nitrospira, and other nitrite oxidizers.
HSPA12A attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury through inhibiting caspase-11-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis via PGC-1α-dependent acyloxyacyl hydrolase expression
Authors: Liu Jiali , Du Shuya , Kong Qiuyue , Zhang Xiaojin , Jiang Surong , Cao Xiaofei , Li Yuehua , Li Chuanfu , Chen Huaqun , Ding Zhengnian , Liu Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiver dysfunction is strongly associated with poor survival of sepsis patients. Cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing by Caspase-4/5/11 for pyroptosis activation is a major driver of the development of sepsis. Studies in macrophages and endothelial cells have demonstrated that LPS is inactivated by acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) and leading to desensitizing Caspase-4/5/11 to LPS. However, little is known about the cytosolic LPS-induced pyroptosis in hepatocytes during sepsis. Heat shock protein 12A (HSPA12A) is a novel member of the HSP70 family. Here, we report that LPS increased HSPA12A nuclear translocation in hepatocytes, while knockout of HSPA12A (Hspa12a−/−) in mice promoted LPS-induced acute liver injury. We also noticed that the LPS-induced Caspase-11 activation and its cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) to produce the membrane pore-forming GSDMDNterm (markers of pyroptosis) were greater in livers of Hspa12a−/− mice compared with its wild type controls. Loss- and gain-of-function studies showed that HSPA12A deficiency promoted, whereas HSPA12A overexpression inhibited, cytosolic LPS accumulation, Caspase-11 activation and GSDMDNterm generation in primary hepatocytes following LPS incubation. Notably, LPS-induced AOAH expression was suppressed by HSPA12A deficiency, whereas AOAH overexpression reversed the HSPA12A deficiency-induced promotion of LPS-evoked and Caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis of hepatocytes. In-depth molecular analysis showed that HSPA12A interacted directly with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and increased its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing AOAH expression for cytosolic LPS inactivation, which ultimately leading to inhibition of the Caspase-11 mediated pyroptosis of hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings revealed HSPA12A as a novel player against LPS-induced liver injury by inhibiting cytosolic LPS-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis via PGC-1α-mediated AOAH expression. Therefore, targeting hepatocyte HSPA12A represents a viable strategy for the management of liver injury in sepsis patients.
Temporal transcriptome analysis of neuronal commitment reveals the preeminent role of the divergent lncRNA biotype and a critical candidate gene during differentiation
Authors: Prajapati Bharat , Fatima Mahar , Fatma Mena , Maddhesiya Priya , Arora Himali , Naskar Teesta , Devasenapathy Subhashree , Seth Pankaj , Sinha Subrata 
Published: April 2020

AbstractlncRNA genes can be genic or “intergenic”. “Genic” RNAs can be further divided into six biotypes. Through genome-wide analysis of a publicly available data set on corticogenesis, we found that the divergent lncRNA (XH) biotype, comprising the lncRNA and the coding gene being in opposite directions in a head-to-head manner, was most prominent during neural commitment. Within this biotype, a coding gene/divergent RNA pair of the BASP1 gene and the uncharacterized RNA loc285696 (hitherto referred as BASP1-AS1) formed a major HUB gene during neuronal differentiation. Experimental validation during the in vitro differentiation of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) showed that BASP1-AS1 regulates the expression of its adjacent coding gene, BASP1. Both transcripts increased sharply on the first day of neuronal differentiation of hNPCs, to fall steadily thereafter, reaching very low levels in differentiated neurons. BASP1-AS1 RNA and the BASP1 gene formed a molecular complex that also included the transcription factor TCF12. TCF12 is coded by the DYX1 locus, associated with inherited dyslexia and neurodevelopmental defects. Knockdown of BASP1-AS1, BASP1, or TCF12 impaired the neuronal differentiation of hNPCs, as seen by reduction in DCX and TUJ1-positive cells and by reduced neurite length. There was also increased cell proliferation. A common set of critical genes was affected by the three molecules in the complex. Our study thus identified the role of the XH biotype and a novel mediator of neuronal differentiation—the complex of BASP1-AS1, BASP1, and TCF12. It also linked a neuronal differentiation pathway to inherited dyslexia.
A holographic duality from lifted tensor networks
Authors: McMahon Nathan A. , Singh Sukhbinder , Brennen Gavin K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTensor networks provide an efficient classical representation of certain strongly correlated quantum many-body systems. We present a general lifting method to ascribe quantum states to the network structure itself that reveals important new physical features. To illustrate, we focus on the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) tensor network for 1D critical ground states on a lattice. The MERA representation of the said state can be lifted to a 2D quantum dual in a way that is suggestive of a lattice version of the holographic correspondence from string theory. The bulk 2D state has an efficient quantum circuit construction and exhibits several features of holography, including the appearance of horizon-like holographic screens, short-ranged correlations described via a strange correlator and bulk gauging of global on-site symmetries at the boundary. Notably, the lifting provides a way to calculate a quantum-corrected Ryu–Takayanagi formula, and map bulk operators to boundary operators and vice versa.