bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of GATA 3 and TTF‐1 in differentiating parathyroid and thyroid nodules on cytology specimens
Authors: Shi Yan , Brandler Tamar C. , Yee‐Chang Melissa , Cangiarella Joan , Wei Xiao‐Jun , Leung Allen , Szeto Oliver , Deng Fang‐Ming , Liu Cheng Z. , Simsir Aylin , Sun Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating parathyroid from thyroid lesions can be difficult on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) due to overlapping cytomorphologic features. While the traditional parathyroid hormone (PTH) assays can help in the distinction, these tests may be cumbersome, particularly when the lesion is unexpected clinically and a needle wash is not collected at the time of FNA. Therefore, we chose to investigate the application of immunohistochemical staining (IHC) with GATA 3 and thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) on air‐dried cytology smears to distinguish parathyroid and thyroid lesions.MethodsAir‐dried touch preparation (TP) slides were prepared from consecutively selected parathyroid and thyroid specimens. Thirteen FNA cases with the clinical concern for parathyroid lesions were also included in the study. IHC was performed on unstained and ultrafast Papanicolaou (UFP) stained air‐dried slides.ResultsOn TP slides, GATA 3 expression was observed in all cases of parathyroid origin but no immunoreactivity was present in thyroid lesions. TTF‐1 expression was observed in all cases of thyroid origin but not in parathyroid lesions. GATA 3 and TTF‐1 expression of 13 FNA cases were consistent with the clinical impression or concurrent PTH tests.ConclusionsIHC with GATA 3 and TTF‐1 on air‐dried cytology smears is a simple and effective way to differentiate parathyroid vs thyroid lesions on FNA. Air‐dried unstained and UFP‐stained slides perform equally well with IHC, but UFP‐stained slides provide the added benefit of morphologic evaluation and assessment of smear cellularity prior to IHC.
Partners coordinate territorial defense against simulated intruders in a duetting ovenbird
Authors: Diniz Pedro , Rech Gianlucca S. , Ribeiro Pedro H. L. , Webster Michael S. , Macedo Regina H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuets in breeding pairs may reflect a situation of conflict, whereby an individual answers its partner's song as a form of unilateral acoustic mate guarding or, alternatively, it may reflect cooperation, when individuals share in territory defense or safeguard the partnership. The degree of coordination between the sexes when responding to solo versus paired intruders may elucidate the function of songs in duets. We examined this issue in a study with rufous horneros (Furnarius rufus), a duetting, socially monogamous Neotropical species with low levels of extrapair paternity. We exposed social pairs during the nonbreeding season to playbacks of duets, male solos, female solos, and control heterospecific songs. Partners approached all conspecific stimuli together and responded by singing quickly, at higher rates and by coordinating ~80% of their songs into duets. For both sexes, most response variables (seven of nine) did not vary across conspecific treatments. These results suggest that partners duet and coordinate behaviors to cooperatively defend common territories. However, females spent more time in territorial vigilance, and partners were highly coordinated (correlated responses) in response to duets and female solos in comparison with male solos. This indicates that female intrusions (paired or solo) might be more threatening than male intrusions in the nonbreeding season, especially for territorial females, and that females are less cooperative with their partners in territory defense against male intruders.
Removal of grazers alters the response of tundra soil carbon to warming and enhanced nitrogen availability
Authors: Ylänne Henni , Kaarlejärvi Elina , Väisänen Maria , Männistö Minna K. , Ahonen Saija H. K. , Olofsson Johan , Stark Sari 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe circumpolar Arctic is currently facing multiple global changes that have the potential to alter the capacity of tundra soils to store carbon. Yet, predicting changes in soil carbon is hindered by the fact that multiple factors simultaneously control processes sustaining carbon storage and we do not understand how they act in concert. Here, we investigated the effects of warmer temperatures, enhanced soil nitrogen availability, and the combination of these on tundra carbon stocks at three different grazing regimes: on areas with over 50‐yr history of either light or heavy reindeer grazing and in 5‐yr‐old exlosures in the heavily grazed area. In line with earlier reports, warming generally decreased soil carbon stocks. However, our results suggest that the mechanisms by which warming decreases carbon storage depend on grazing intensity: under long‐term light grazing soil carbon losses were linked to higher shrub abundance and higher enzymatic activities, whereas under long‐term heavy grazing, carbon losses were linked to drier soils and higher enzymatic activities. Importantly, under enhanced soil nitrogen availability, warming did not induce soil carbon losses under either of the long‐term grazing regimes, whereas inside exclosures in the heavily grazed area, also the combination of warming and enhanced nutrient availability induced soil carbon loss. Grazing on its own did not influence the soil carbon stocks. These results reveal that accounting for the effect of warming or grazing alone is not sufficient to reliably predict future soil carbon storage in the tundra. Instead, the joint effects of multiple global changes need to be accounted for, with a special focus given to abrupt changes in grazing currently taking place in several parts of the Arctic.
Multiple metrics of latitudinal patterns in insect pollination and herbivory for a tropical‐temperate congener pair
Authors: Baskett Carina A. , Schroeder Lucy , Weber Marjorie G. , Schemske Douglas W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe biotic interactions hypothesis posits that biotic interactions are more important drivers of adaptation closer to the equator, evidenced by “stronger” contemporary interactions (e.g., greater interaction rates) and/or patterns of trait evolution consistent with a history of stronger interactions. Support for the hypothesis is mixed, but few studies span tropical and temperate regions while experimentally controlling for evolutionary history. Here, we integrate field observations and common garden experiments to quantify the relative importance of pollination and herbivory in a pair of tropical‐temperate congeneric perennial herbs. Phytolacca rivinoides and P. americana are pioneer species native to the Neotropics and the eastern United States, respectively. We compared plant–pollinator and plant–herbivore interactions between three tropical populations of P. rivinoides from Costa Rica and three temperate populations of P. americana from its northern range edge in Michigan and Ohio. For some metrics of interaction importance, we also included three subtropical populations of P. americana from its southern range edge in Florida. This approach confounds species and region but allows us, uniquely, to measure complementary proxies of interaction importance across a tropical‐temperate range in one system. To test the prediction that lower‐latitude plants are more reliant on insect pollinators, we quantified floral display and reward, insect visitation rates, and self‐pollination ability (autogamy). To test the prediction that lower‐latitude plants experience more herbivore pressure, we quantified herbivory rates, herbivore abundance, and leaf palatability. We found evidence supporting the biotic interactions hypothesis for most comparisons between P. rivinoides and north‐temperate P. americana (floral display, insect visitation, autogamy, herbivory, herbivore abundance, and young‐leaf palatability). Results for subtropical P. americana populations, however, were typically not intermediate between P. rivinoides and north‐temperate P. americana, as would be predicted by a linear latitudinal gradient in interaction importance. Subtropical young‐leaf palatability was intermediate, but subtropical mature leaves were the least palatable, and pollination‐related traits did not differ between temperate and subtropical regions. These nonlinear patterns of interaction importance suggest future work to link interaction importance to climatic or biotic thresholds. In sum, we found that the biotic interactions hypothesis was more consistently supported at the larger spatial scale of our study.
Partitioning the impact of environmental drivers and species interactions in dynamic aquatic communities
Authors: Musters C. J. M. , Ieromina Oleksandra , Barmentlo S. Henrik , Hunting Ellard R. , Schrama Maarten , Cieraad Ellen , Vijver Martina G. , van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTemperate aquatic communities are highly diverse and seasonally variable, due to internal biotic processes and environmental drivers, including human‐induced stressors. The impact of drivers on species abundance is supposed to differ fundamentally depending on whether populations are experiencing limitations, which may shift over the season. However, an integrated understanding of how drivers structure communities seasonally is currently lacking. In order to partition the effect of drivers, we used random forests to quantify interactions between all taxa and environmental factors using macrofaunal data from 18 agricultural ditches sampled over two years. We found that, over the agricultural season, taxon abundance became increasingly better predicted by the abundances of co‐occurring taxa and nutrients compared to other abiotic factors, including pesticides. Our approach provides fundamental insights in community dynamics and highlights the need to consider changes in species interactions to understand the effects of anthropogenic stressors.
Pre‐fire vegetation drives post‐fire outcomes in sagebrush ecosystems: evidence from field and remote sensing data
Authors: Barker Brittany S. , Pilliod David S. , Rigge Matthew , Homer Collin G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that influence vegetation responses to disturbance is important because vegetation is the foundation of food resources, wildlife habitat, and ecosystem properties and processes. We integrated vegetation cover data derived from field plots and remotely sensed Landsat images in two focal areas over a 37‐yr period (1979–2016) to investigate how historical changes to community composition influence contemporary responses of vegetation to fire in sagebrush ecosystems in the Great Basin. Our objectives were (1) to quantify the magnitude and direction of change in the cover of native and exotic plant functional groups in relation to their exposure to fire; (2) to relate plant community changes to their historical composition, exposure to fire, and environmental conditions; and (3) to test for consistency of trends revealed by vegetation cover data derived from field plots and Landsat images. Historical (1979–1981) field data originated from 298 locations, Landsat‐derived data and contemporary (2011–2016) field data originated from 448 locations, and an expanded set of locations were included in some analyses of Landsat‐derived data. We found that areas burned by fire since the 1980s had higher annual herbaceous cover than unburned areas both historically and contemporarily. Models revealed a significant interaction between historical community composition and exposure to fire, which suggests that plots with historically high herbaceous cover were more susceptible to burning. Trends revealed by field and Landsat‐derived cover data were only partially consistent, potentially due in part to methods used to predict cover values from Landsat images, and the time period over which each data set was collected. Our results suggest that burned areas historically occupied by sagebrush‐dominated plant communities may have been invaded by exotic annuals prior to burning, possibly because of prior land uses, and after burning, have now transitioned to a persistent herbaceous‐dominated state. This type of state transition has important consequences for forage quality, wildlife habitat, soil nutrients, and future disturbances, such as drought and wildfire.
Abiotic and biotic drivers of endosymbiont community assembly in Jatropha curcas
Authors: Mighell Kimberly , Saltonstall Kristin , Turner Benjamin L. , Espinosa‐Tasón Jaime , Van Bael Sunshine A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile the endosymbiotic communities recruited by plants are known to vary among host species and across environmental gradients, the drivers of community assembly remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that establishment of an endosymbiotic bacterial community is driven primarily by the influence of the abiotic environment on biotic interactions between plant and soil bacteria. We planted sterile Jatropha curcas seedlings at three field sites in Panama and in a greenhouse with soil from those sites. After allowing sufficient time for endosymbiont colonization, we sequenced bacterial 16S rRNA to study the endophytic bacterial community in root and leaf tissue. We compared the communities between field and greenhouse plants and examined associations among the endosymbionts, the soil microbial community, and local abiotic factors. We found that endosymbiont richness and community composition varied between the greenhouse and field, despite plants being grown in the same soil. Plants in each field site harbored a distinct bacterial community, determined by soil microbes and select environmental variables, particularly major plant nutrients. Jatropha curcas can harbor a wide variety of endosymbiotic communities, and the composition of these communities is a product of the local environment. Fertility and agricultural practices may determine the fate of plant symbionts and therefore plant properties modulated through those symbionts.
Political socialization in kindergartens: Observations of ceremonies of the Israeli Jewish holidays and memorial days
Authors: Nasie Meytal , Bar‐Tal Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated political socialization in Israeli‐Jewish kindergartens. Specifically, it examined the scope of conflict supporting and peace supporting themes that Jewish‐Israeli kindergarten teachers transmit to children during ceremonies of national events. Sixty‐eight observations in 17 state‐secular and state‐religious kindergartens were conducted during five ceremonies: Passover, Holocaust Day, Memorial Day for Israeli Fallen Soldiers, Independence Day, and Jerusalem Day. The findings reveal that teachers transmit messages that comply with the conflict supporting themes to the children. The most dominant themes were collective self‐perceived victimization, justness of one’s own goals, positive collective self‐image, ingroup security, and patriotism. These themes were more dominant in state‐religious than in state‐secular kindergartens. Thus, we found that the kindergarten teachers serve as agents of political socialization who transmit the hegemonic national narratives to the younger generation.
Individual cognitive remediation therapy benefits for patients with anorexia nervosa and high autistic features
Authors: Dandil Yasemin , Smith Katherine , Adamson James , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is an increasingly implemented intervention in psychiatric conditions. The majority of randomized treatment trials in psychiatry reports cognitive improvements resulting in better functional outcomes in CRT groups. This brief report from the national inpatient treatment programme for eating disorders demonstrates cognitive performance task–based improvements in patients with high and low autistic characteristics. This preliminary study shows feasibility and benefits of individual CRT in patients who have autism spectrum disorder features.
Effect of heat extraction on water‐soluble taste substances in processing products of chilled large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)
Authors: Zhou Fen , Wang Xi‐Chang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we analyzed the umami amino acids composition and content in minced meat (MM), fish head meat (HM), and fish roe (R). According to different ratios of material to liquid, we extracted water‐soluble taste substances from the three materials and then compared composition and content of the umami amino acids and taste nucleotides in the different water‐soluble taste substances. Finally, we analyzed Taste Activity Value (TAV) and the Equivalent Umami Concentration (EUC) between umami amino acids and taste nucleotides. The results showed that umami amino acids total content in MM, HM, and R samples were, respectively, 50.63 mg/100 g, 41.95 mg/100 g, and 67.06 mg/100 g. When the water‐soluble taste substances extracted from the above samples were in the “D” state (MM), the “C” state (HM), and the “C” state (R), respectively, the umami amino acid content could be comparable to the original sample. And the highest EUCs were respectively 1.37 g MSG/100 g, 0.87 g MSG/100 g, and 0.49 g MSG/100 g (MSG: Sodium Glutamate). To some extent, the results of this study indicated that the water‐soluble taste substances could be equivalent to the original sample and could be further applied as a taste regulator in some respects.
Neural bases of self‐ and object‐motion in a naturalistic vision
Authors: Pitzalis Sabrina , Serra Chiara , Sulpizio Valentina , Committeri Giorgia , de Pasquale Francesco , Fattori Patrizia , Galletti Claudio , Sepe Rosamaria , Galati Gaspare 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo plan movements toward objects our brain must recognize whether retinal displacement is due to self‐motion and/or to object‐motion. Here, we aimed to test whether motion areas are able to segregate these types of motion. We combined an event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, brain mapping techniques, and wide‐field stimulation to study the responsivity of motion‐sensitive areas to pure and combined self‐ and object‐motion conditions during virtual movies of a train running within a realistic landscape. We observed a selective response in MT to the pure object‐motion condition, and in medial (PEc, pCi, CSv, and CMA) and lateral (PIC and LOR) areas to the pure self‐motion condition. Some other regions (like V6) responded more to complex visual stimulation where both object‐ and self‐motion were present. Among all, we found that some motion regions (V3A, LOR, MT, V6, and IPSmot) could extract object‐motion information from the overall motion, recognizing the real movement of the train even when the images remain still (on the screen), or moved, because of self‐movements. We propose that these motion areas might be good candidates for the “flow parsing mechanism,” that is the capability to extract object‐motion information from retinal motion signals by subtracting out the optic flow components.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Cyclic Ketones by Enantioselective Conjugate Radical Additions
Authors: Nad Sukanya , Sibi Mukund P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnantioselective conjugate radical addition to 2‐acyloxymethyl cycloalkenones proceeds in high yield with outstanding diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity using chiral salen Lewis acids. The process provides access to 2,3‐disubstituted cycloalkanones, a structural motif present in natural products.
Multiplex network analysis of the UK over‐the‐counter derivatives market
Authors: Bardoscia Marco , Bianconi Ginestra , Ferrara Gerardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the network of exposures constructed by using the UK trade repository data for three different categories of contracts: interest rate, credit, and foreign exchange derivatives. We study how liquidity shocks related to variation margins propagate across the network and translate into payment deficiencies across different derivative markets. A key finding of the paper is that, in extreme theoretical scenarios where liquidity buffers are small, a handful of institutions may experience significant spillover effects due to the directionality of their portfolios. Additionally, we show that two novel multiplex centrality measures, the Functional Multiplex Eigenvector Centrality and the Functional Multiplex PageRank, can be used as a proxy for the vulnerability of financial institutions, with the Functional Multiplex PageRank improving on the results that can be obtained using the Functional Multiplex Eigenvector Centrality.
Equity premium prediction and structural breaks
Authors: Smith Simon C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA Bayesian autoregressive model that allows for multiple structural breaks outperforms the historical average, which has proven so successful, in a statistically and economically significant way for mean‐variance investors when forecasting the equity premium. A range of autoregressive models that do not allow for breaks or do so in an ad hoc way fail to outperform the historical average. The Bayesian model estimates three breaks that occur in 1929, 1940, and 1971 corresponding to major events that drive the shifts in the underlying distribution of the premium. Allowing for breaks over the forecast horizon further improves the forecasting power.
A ginger derivative, zingerone—a phenolic compound—induces ROS‐mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HCT‐116)
Authors: Su Ping , Veeraraghavan Vishnu Priya , Krishna Mohan Surapaneni , Lu Wang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractZingerone (ZO), an active phenolic agent derived from Zingiber officinale (Ginger), has many pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antitumor. However, its potential value in cancer and the mechanism by which ZO wields its therapeutic effects remain obscure. Therefore, in this current study, we explored the effects of ZO on suppressing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis in colon cancer cells (HCT116). Our results indicated that ZO significantly enhances the production of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS]), and loss of cell viability; and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant levels (SOD, CAT, and GSH) in ZO‐treated HCT116 cells in a dose‐dependent (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) manner. Furthermore, ZO induces oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis as evidenced by apoptotic morphological changes predicted by AO/EtBr, Hoechst staining and further confirmed by comet assay. Moreover, immunoblotting techniques showed that ZO treatment effectively enhances Bax, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3 expressions and decreases the expression of Bcl‐2 in colon cancer cells. Together, our results evidenced that the antitumor effects of ZO reduce cell proliferation and stimulate apoptosis through modulating pro‐ and antiapoptotic molecular events in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Therefore, based on our findings, ZO may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer.