bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIX-12 Inclusion of dried distillers grains with solubles in Lespedeza or alfalfa-based diets for meat goats is associated with a unique ruminal microbiome
Authors: Pech-Cervantes Andres A , Ogunade Ibukun M , Pannell Donielle , Kouakou Brou 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of replacement of corn and soybean meal with distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in lespedeza or alfalfa-based diets on the ruminal microbiome of growing meat goats. A total of 36 meat goats with average body weight (BW) of 24 ± 1.8 kg were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to four isonitrogenous (18.0) and isocaloric (3.2 Mcal/ kg DM) diets in a completely randomized design for 60 days. The treatment diets were: (1) alfalfa-based diet (ALC; containing 40.5% alfalfa, 26% corn and 13% SBM), (2) alfalfa and DDGS (ALD; replacement of corn and SBM with DDGS), (3) Sericea lespedeza (SL)-based diet (SLC; containing 47.25% SL, 20% corn, 13% SBM), (4) SL and DDGS (SLD; replacement of corn and SBM with DDGS). At the end of the experiment, the goats were slaughtered and rumen contents were immediately sampled for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) were used to detect differentially abundant taxa among treatments. The relative abundance of 11 taxa, including Ruminococcaceae UCG 002, Succinivibrionaceae UCG 002 and Prevotellaceae YAB2003 were reduced (LDA &gt; 2; P &lt; 0.05) while 62 taxa, including Ruminococcaceae UCG 013, Ruminococcaceae UCG 001, and Saccharofermentans were enriched (LDA &gt; 2; P &lt; 0.05) in ALD compared to ALC. Relative abundance of 35 taxa, including Ruminococcus YE281, Succinivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 were reduced while 42 taxa, including Prevotellaceae UCG 003 and Ruminococcus were enriched (LDA &gt; 2; P &lt; 0.05) in SLD, compared to SLC. A total of 68, 35, 61, and 91 taxa were respectively detected ALC, SLC, SLD, and ALD, but not in other treatments. These results showed that inclusion of DDGS in lespedeza or alfalfa-based diet causes a shift in ruminal microbial community and is associated with a unique ruminal microbial community
PSVI-19 Evaluation of an automated system for monitoring water intake in group-housed beef cattle
Authors: De Moura Felipe H , Batalha Isadora , Franco Arturo , Bello Camilo , Archilia Evandro , Silva Aghata , Moreira Gabriel , Norris Aaron , Schutz Luis , Fonseca Mozart 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of an automated water trough system (Intergado, Pro-Eficiencia Solucao para Agronegocios S.A., Betim, Minas Gerais, Brazil) for measuring water intake (WI) of beef cattle. The dataset was obtained from thirteen Angus x Hereford registered crossbred breeding bulls over a 90 d research trial. Animals were consuming beardless wheat (Triticum aestivum) hay near maintenance requirements with free access to water and a trace mineral block. The animals were assigned to 1 of 2 shaded pens provided with a total of eight automated water trough systems. For each voluntary visit to the water trough, the system recorded the animal identification, water consumed, and initial BW. The final BW was determined following each drinking event by accounting for the weight of water disappeared upon drinking (±0.050 kg), scale recorded weights (±0.500 kg), and flow of water consumed (L/s). Data were analyzed based on plotting observed against predicted for the identity line (slope = 0 and intercept = 1) and goodness-of-fit, both were assessed using the Model Evaluation System (Tedeschi 2006). Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.10. The intercept was found to be different than zero (P &lt; 0.001) but slope was similar to 1 (P = 0.0658). Differences were attributed to the inherent precision of the scales. The WI values presented a mean bias of 0.140 kg. The predicted WI accounted for 99.9% of the observed WI. Goodness-of-fit indicated very high values for modeling efficiency (0.999), accuracy (0.999), and the overall measurement of precision and accuracy (CCC; 0.998). Additionally, the major part of the prediction error was random (89%), indicating that only 11% of the error was associated with the prediction technique. Therefore, the Intergado automated water trough system is recommended for the monitoring of individual water intake for beef cattle.
PSVI-13 Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus-based enzyme extracts on rumen fermentation, fiber digestibility, and plasma metabolome of beef steers fed red clover/orchard hay
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , Compart Devan M , Pech-Cervantes Andres A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and Aspergillus-based enzyme extracts (ABE) are respectively fed to improve gut health and forage digestibility in ruminants. Also, cells of SC contain polyamines which can regulate the immune function. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of SC and ABE on rumen fermentation, plasma polyamine concentrations, and in vitro fiber digestibility of beef steers fed red clover/orchard hay. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned to 4 treatments arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were (1) CON (basal diet without additive), (2) SC (CON + 15 g/d of live SC; PMI, Arden Hills, MN, (3) ABE (5 g of ABE; PMI, Arden Hills, MN, USA) and (4) SC+ABE (15 g/d of live SC + 5 g of ABE). On d 21, blood samples were collected before morning feeding for analysis of plasma polyamines (spermines, spermidine, and putrescine). Rumen fluid samples were collected 3, 6, and 9 hours after feeding for analysis of VFA and in vitro dry matter and fiber digestibility. The model included the effects of treatment, period, and random effects of cow and square. Compared with CON, neither SC nor ABE had effects (P &gt; 0.10) on ruminal VFA profile. In contrast, SC+ABE increased (P ≤ 0.05) the ruminal concentrations of acetate, butyrate, valerate and total VFA concentrations. In vitro dry matter and fiber digestibilities were increased (P &lt; 0.05) by SC+ABE, but not by SC or ABE alone. Both SC and SC+ABE increased (P &lt; 0.05) plasma concentrations of spermidine and spermine. These results suggest that SC supplementation with or without ABE increased plasma concentrations of polyamines; however, SC and ABE synergistically improved the rumen fermentation and in vitro fiber and DM digestibility.
PSXII-8 The effect of tannins extract associated to two levels of urea in the supplement of grazing Nellore steers on ruminal microbial richness and diversity estimators
Authors: Cidrini Iorrano A , Salcedo Yury G , Abreu Mateus I , Cidrini Fernando A , Prados Laura F , Siqueira Gustavo R , Resende Flávio D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of tannins extract (TN) associated to two levels of urea (UR) in the supplement of grazing Nellore steers on ruminal microbial richness and diversity estimators. The study used eight Nellore steers (293 kg ± 5.6 BW), rumen cannulated grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu distributed in a double Latin square 4 x 4 (four experimental periods and four supplements). Steers were supplemented at 3 g/kg BW with soybean meal, corn, mineral mix and two levels of UR (3% or 5%) associated or not to TN (SilvaFeed-ByPro at 0.7 g / kg). On d 26 of each experimental period, samples of ruminal content were collected after supplementation (+3h), V3/V4 regions of 16SrRNA gene was sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq. Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME v.1.9.1) were used to filter reads and determine Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and Alpha_diversity.py in QIIME was used to calculate ACE, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices. Richness and diversity estimators were compared between UR level and TN addition using a Friedman test and a Dunn’s post-hoc test using R. Sequencing produced 709,456 reads from16 samples. After trimming, the median number of reads was 81,005 per sample with good’s coverage median of 0.98. There was no effect of UR levels on the indexes of richness ACE (2487.4), Chao1 (2497.3), diversity Shannon (8.95) and Simpson (0.990) (P &gt; 0.05). TN addition in the supplement increased ACE (2478.7 to 2483.1) and Chao 1 (2495.3 to 2507.9), had no effect in the diversity Shannon (8.93) and reduced Simpson index (0.993 to 0.990) (P &lt; 0.05), suggesting higher microbiome growing and a more efficient rumen due to lower numbers of metabolic pathways. Higher richness and lower diversity indexes suggest that TN may improve the rumen microbiome growing and efficiency in grazing steers.
PSX-22 Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae as a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid in diets of lactating Nubian goats
Authors: Anele Uchenna , Kholif Ahmed , Gouda Gouda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dietary fats can affect lactational performance of goats and modify the profile of fatty acids in milk. The effects of providing lactating Nubian goats with Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae, as a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on the feed intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, lactational performance and milk fatty acid profile were evaluated. Fifteen lactating does, weighing 33.0 ± 1.3 kg after parturition, were randomly assigned to three treatments in a quintuplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Does were stratified according to their previous milk production, parity and expected average milk yield in a 12-week experiment. Does were fed a basal diet containing 300 g of berseem clover, 200 g wheat straw and 500 g of concentrates (control treatment) or the control diet supplemented with 5 g (NO5 treatment) or 10 g (NO10 treatment) of N. oculata microalgae. Dietary treatments did not affect feed intake but increased (P &lt; 0.01) nutrient digestibility. Without affecting ruminal pH and ammonia-N, NO5 and NO10 treatments linearly increased total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.002) and propionic acid (P = 0.022). Dietary treatments linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01) daily milk production and the concentration of lactose without affecting other milk components. Both NO5 and NO10 treatments decreased atherogenic index (P = 0.004) and increased the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and C20:5n3 (EPA). In conclusion, supplementing the diet of lactating Nubian goats with N. oculata microalgae at 5 and 10 g daily enhanced milk production and altered milk fatty acid composition. Although further research is needed, performance responses associated with increasing the dose of the microalgae from 5 g to 10 g /doe were not large; thus, the 5 g dose is recommended for practical use.
PSX-10 Program Chair Poster Pick: Effects of meat goat breed, salinity of drinking water, and level of protein supplementation on intake and digestion
Authors: Keli Abdelhafid , Merera Chala , Puchala Ryszard , Scronce Adaven , Ribeiro Luana P , Lourencon Raquel V , Rojas Miguel , Calle Mauricio , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to determine if effects of level of salinity in drinking water for yearling meat goat wethers consuming low-protein roughage are influenced by level of protein supplementation and breed. Eighteen Boer (initial BW of 37.9±1.12 kg and 1.15±0.009 yr) and 18 Spanish goats (33.5±0.66 kg and 1.16±0.008 yr) consumed wheat straw ad libitum for 10 wk. Soybean meal was supplemented at 0.13–0.14 or 0.27–0.28% BW (DM; Low and High, respectively) and water was fresh alone (240 mg/kg total dissolved salts) or with NaCl added at 5,000 or 10,000 mg/L (FW, MS, and HS, respectively). Final BW was not influenced by supplement or water treatments (P &gt;0.12) and was greater (P = 0.003) for Boer vs. Spanish (38.6 and 34.7 kg; SEM=0.84). Water intake ranked (P &lt; 0.05) FW&lt; MS&lt; HS (1,093, 1,295, and 1,541 g/d; SEM=66.6). Wheat straw DMI was similar between supplement treatments (684 and 692 g/d; SEM=21.1) and, thus, total DMI tended (P &lt; 0.068) to be greater for High (733 and 793 g/d for Low and High, respectively; SEM=21.9). There was an interaction (P = 0.015) in total DMI between breed and water treatments because of a relatively low value for Spanish-FW (821, 733, and 811 for Boer and 636, 781, and 796 g/d for Spanish consuming FW, MS, and HS, respectively; SEM=38.0). Breed and water and supplement treatments did not influence the average of total tract digestibilities determined in wk 4 and 8 (P &gt;010). In conclusion, these yearling meat goats displayed considerable tolerance of drinking water high in salinity as varied by NaCl addition, without consistent breed differences. Furthermore, under these conditions, effects of level of protein supplementation did not markedly differ among water treatments or between goat breeds. Future research should address animals with greater nutrient and energy demands and sources of saline water with various mineral arrays.
PSVII-30 Growth performance, and serum concentration of testosterone of male and female pigs immunocastrated with a GnRH analogue, fed wet low-protein diets
Authors: Vázquez Néstor Arce , Aguilar Nydia Corina Vásquez , Brenner Estela Garza , Sánchez Dávila Fernando , Trejo Adriana Morales , Ramírez Miguel Cervantes , Barragán Hugo Bernal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a GnRH analogue (Improvac, Zoetis, USA) on growth parameters, and serum concentration of testosterone in male and female pigs fed wet low-protein diets. Nineteen crossbred (York-Landrace x Duroc) pigs with an initial BW of 43.9±2.4 kg were individually housed in pens (1.44 m2) equipped with feeder and nipple water drinker, and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: ICM: immunocastrated males (n = 8); ICF: immunocastrated females (n = 6); and EFE: entire females (n = 5). All animals were fed ad libitum the same grower (44–65 kg BW) 14.4% CP, and finishing (65 kg BW to slaughter) 13.6% CP diets, offered as wet (1:1 water:feed). Immunocastrated pigs received two GnRH analogue doses at 119 and 147 days of age (days 22 and 49 of the experiment, respectively). Body weight, weight gain, feed intake and gain:feed were evaluated in three periods (P) of the experiment: P1 (21 days previous to the first dose); P2 (from the first to second GnRH analogue doses); P3 (21 days after the second analogue dose). Serum concentrations of testosterone were determined in blood samples at days 21, 35, 49, 63, and 70. Results were analyzed in a randomized design, with ANOVA using SPSS. Three contrasts were constructed: C1: ICM vs ICF; C2: ICF vs EFE, and C3: ICM vs EFE. Final body weight was similar among treatments (P &gt;0.05). In P3, weight gain, feed intake, and gain:feed of ICM was higher than EFE (P&lt; 0.05), however results were similar (P &gt;0.05) among treatments for periods P1 and P2. Serum testosterone concentration in ICM was higher (P &lt; 0.01) than ICF and EFE until the second GnRH analogue dose, but similar among treatments (P &gt;0.05) thereafter. In conclusion, immunocastrated males had better growth parameters than entire females, but similar to those of immunocastrated females.
PSVII-29 Genetic differentiation of modern and historical samples of the Russian Large White pigs
Authors: Kostyunina Olga V , Getmantseva Lyubov , Abdelmanova Alexandra , Petrikeeva Lidia , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Involvement in research of historical samples can help to clarify the demographic processes in livestock populations. In most cases, bone powder derived from teeth or skull bones are used for molecular genetic studies of historical samples. The aim of our study was to evaluate genetic differences between historical and modern samples of the Russian Large White pigs. Eight historical specimens of the Large White pigs dated by 60s of the 20th century which are maintained in the Craniological collection of the Livestock Museum named after E.F. Liskun were used for the study. The modern representatives of breed were presented by the samples from eight different farms (LW_New1 - LW_New8, n = 152). All works with historical DNA were carried out in the special facilities of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry dedicated for work with ancient DNA. DNA was isolated using COrDIS “Extract” Decalcin kit (COrDIS, Russia) and Prep Filer™ BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The whole-genome genotyping was performed using Porcine GGP HD BeadChip chips (Illumina/Novogene, USA). The quality control was performed in PLINK 1.9 using the following settings: geno-0.2, mind-0.2, MAF-0.01, HWE-P&lt; 8.27×10−7. The fixation index (Fst) was calculated using the ADMIXTURE software. The concentration of DNA isolated from the historical samples was varied from 0.550 to 600 ng/μl (A260/280 = 1.46–1.96). The genotypes’ call rates were 0.187–0.986. Six historical samples passed through the quality control were used for the further study. Calculation of Fst values showed, that the historical samples were closer to the LW_new1 and LW_new4 groups (Fst = 0.151 and 0.157, respectively), and the most divergent from the LW_new3 group (Fst = 0.304). Our research result will help to elucidate the genetic architecture of the Russian Large White pigs. This research was supported by the RSF (Project No. 19-16-00109).
PSVII-27 Early plasma androstenone concentrations may indicate extent of boar taint at slaughter
Authors: Cameron Jocelyn , Bergeron Renee , Squires Jim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Castration is a highly invasive procedure performed on male pigs within the first few days after birth. Castration reduces aggressive and sexual behaviours and, more importantly, eliminates the incidence of a meat quality issue called boar taint. Androstenone, one of the boar taint causing compounds, is a steroid hormone produced during puberty in boars, and also during a spike of testicular steroidogenesis at 21 days of age. This peak is thought to mature the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; however, 21-day steroid concentrations have not previously been linked to the extent of boar taint development at slaughter. The objective of this research is to determine if androstenone concentrations at 21 days of age can predict boar taint development at slaughter. Crossbred [(YorkshireXLandrace)XDuroc] boars (n = 36) were raised in pens of two females and two males to average market slaughter weight. Blood was taken at 21 days and slaughter, backfat was collected at slaughter. Plasma and fat androstenone concentrations were measured by androstenone-specific ELISA. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and ANOVA. Boars &gt;120kg at slaughter showed positive correlation (R=0.54, P =.007) between 21-day plasma androstenone and fat androstenone concentrations at slaughter, and tended to correlate (R=0.40, P =.056) between 21-day plasma androstenone and plasma androstenone concentrations at slaughter. Boars yet to reach 120kg by slaughter did not show correlation (R=0.2, P = .2) between 21-day plasma androstenone and slaughter androstenone concentrations. There was no correlation between age and weight at slaughter, and plasma and fat androstenone concentrations were not different (P &gt;.05) between groups above and below 120kg at slaughter. These results suggest that 21-day plasma androstenone concentrations may be indicative of androstenone accumulation in the fat and plasma if pigs are over 120kg at slaughter. This can aid with identifying boars at risk of developing boar taint early so that solutions such as immunocastration can be implemented.
PSVII-31 Impact of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Drinking Water on Nursery Pig Performance
Authors: Samuel Ryan S , Clizer David A , Isensee Paige K , Woyengo Tofuko A , Levesque Crystal L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
High concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) in water have been reported to increase the incidence of diarrhea and reduce nursery pig growth performance. The particular minerals of concern for pigs are typically intakes of magnesium and sodium sulfate salts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of drinking water with added concentrations of TDS from sulfate salts on animal performance and feed and water disappearance. Newly weaned pigs (n = 1,144; 20 d old PIC) were stocked at 26 pigs per pen of equal gender in 44 pens in a wean-to-finish commercial research barn. Each pen was randomly assigned to receive one of four water treatments into two cup waters per pen: 1) combination of CaSO4, MgSO4, and NaSO4; 2) CaSO4; 3) MgSO4; 4) NaSO4. The drinking water treatments were derived from stock solutions delivered at 1:128 to relevant pens using a separate medicator per water line (Table 1). Pigs were provided free access to four phase nursery diets and water throughout the trial. Pen weights were measured on d 0, 7, 21, 35, and 42 using a scale that weighs the entire pen of pigs. Feed remaining on weigh days was calculated according to a prepared calibration curve by measuring the distance from the top of the feeder to the top of the feed. Water meters at each pen were read on weigh days to determine the water disappearance per pen. Water treatment did not affect (P &gt; 0.07) ADG nor ADFI of nursery pigs. Water disappearance tended to be greater (P = 0.10) in pens receiving the CaSO4 water compared to the combination treatment from d 21 to 35. The TDS concentrations from sulfate complexes used in this experiment did not impact the growth performance or feed or water disappearance of newly weaned nursery pigs.
PSI-32 Effect of pulmonary arterial pressure on reproductive performance in Angus heifers located in south central Wyoming
Authors: Duggan Kelley , Doyle Stephen , Foxworthy H , DeAtley Kasey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (i.e., high altitude disease) occurs in locations above 1,600 m in elevation and causes heart failure and death. Pulmonary arterial pressure scoring is an effective indicator of pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude disease. The objective of this study was to look at the effect of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) scoring on reproductive performance in Angus heifers. First service conception (FSC), pregnancy rate, and pulmonary arterial pressure scores were obtained from the Colorado State University Beef Improvement Center for 2,503 Angus heifers between 1995 and 2016. All spring-calving females were exposed to estrous synchronization and one-round of artificial insemination. After a 10-d holding period heifers were exposed to natural service sires for 60 days. First service conception and pregnancy rate traits were determined using ultrasonography via rectal palpation at 30 and 60 days post artificial insemination. Pulmonary arterial pressure scores were collected at ~12 mos of age. Data were analyzed with ANOVA as a completely randomized block design, blocking by birth year. Fixed effect was pulmonary arterial pressure group [high (&gt;42mm Hg) vs. low (&lt;42 mmHg)]. Logistic regression was used to further investigate fertility traits with PAP scores. Nodifferences were detected among pulmonary arterial pressure group for first service conception (P &gt; 0.05); however, high pulmonary arterial pressure heifers had lower pregnancy rates compared to low PAP heifers (0.86 vs. 0.91 ± 0.01; P = 0.03). Logistic regression supported these findings, identifying PAP score as a significant predictor of breeding season pregnancy rate (P &lt; 0.05), indicating an inverse relationship between PAP score and pregnancy rate. Cumulatively, results show an unfavorable relationship between heifers with high pulmonary arterial pressure scores and overall pregnancy rate.