bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a 6-Week Balance Training Program with Shuttle Balance on Balance, Gait Speed, and Fear of Falling in Elderlies
Authors: Mohammadian Zahra , Rajabi Reza , Minoonejad Hooman , Samadzade Aynaz 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Falls are considered as the major health problem in ageing and the damages caused by falls (such as fractures, disability, heavy costs on government and family, and death) are the major concern of the World Health Organization. So, determination of risk factors and specific ways to prevent falls in the elderlies are of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-week shuttle balance exercises on balance, gait speed, and risk of falling in elderlies.
Methods: This ranomised controlled trial study was conducted with the pre-test and post-test design among the elderlies in regions five and six of Tehran, Iran. To conduct the study, 30 healthy men and women older adulth were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 14) groups. Members of the experimental group participated in the six-week exercise program, which was held in three 90-minute sessions per week. The intervention involved five exercises conducted in presence of the researcher. Data were collected using the valid and reliable instruments of Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and the Falls Efficacy Scale Intrnational. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, paired sample t-test, and analysis of covariance at the significance level of 95 percent using SPSS 19.
Results: The study findings showed that balance training with shuttle balance improved the participants' balance, gait speed, and fear of falling significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The six-week balance exercises with shuttle balance improved the participants' walking gait and reduced the risk of falling in elders. These results highlight the beneficial effects of shuttle balance over other devices, such as more security, adjustability of height in chair arms, and possibility to enhance its exercise programs. Therefore, balance shuttle can be applied to improve balance, increase gait speed, and reduce falling risk in elderlies.
Surgical Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Compensated Cirrhotic Liver: The Benefits and Selection Criteria
Authors: Mohialddin Ahmed Doush Wael , Ahmed Elzein Juhaina 
Published: December 2019

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a fifth of common malignancies, with an annual diagnosis of 750,000 new cases. It is the third cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The cirrhotic liver is a leading cause of HCC with the annual conversion rate to HCC in the range of 2–6 %. The underlying liver cirrhosis limits certain treatment modalities that potentially further aggravates liver dysfunction. Over the past decade, there were substantial improvements in the HCC resection techniques that has resulted in the reduction of operative mortality. This allowed doing major hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients who are suitable for liver transplantation but lacking availability of cadaveric or living donors. Also, patients who have multi-focal HCC underlying cirrhosis which render them unsuitable for liver transplantation due to its extension beyond Milan criteria.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the benefits and selection criteria of HCC surgical resection within child–Turcotte–Pugh score (CTP) A and B liver cirrhosis to achieve the best surgical outcomes.
Methods: We performed a literature search within English written trials using PubMed and MEDLINE reviews databases from 1986 to 2017. One hundred fifty studies are included in this review evaluating various parameters including HCC and compensated cirrhosis prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods. Furthermore, we have compared oncological hepatic resection with other modalities like transarterial chemoembolization, liver transplantation, embolization of the portal vein, laparoscopic hepatic resection, and ALPPS technique. Principles of surgical hepatectomy and postoperative complications are also presented in this review.
Conclusion: This review has demonstrated that hepatic cirrhosis complicated by portal hypertension is not an absolute contraindication for HCC resection. Furthermore, elective surgery must not be directed exclusively to CTP A cirrhosis but it can be applied to highly selected patients who had suffered from advanced hepatic cirrhosis. If multifocal HCC underlying hepatic cirrhosis was unsuitable for liver transplantation, hepatectomy can be carried out to increase the tumor cure chances, prevent it's recurrences, and lead to significant survival rate improvement. The degree of cirrhosis significantly affects the decision of primary hepatic carcinoma treatment and it's prognosis. The interdisciplinary assessment of liver function by surgeons, hepatologists, anesthesiologists, and specialists of critical care are essential for maximum critical stabilization of the patients.
Keywords: Child-Turcotte-Pugh score; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatectomy; liver cirrhosis; portal hypertension
Ceftriaxone Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) at Prince Abdulaziz Bin Moussae’ed Hospital, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jan Shamsur Rehman Muhammad , Alrowaili Majed , Wajed Abdul Rauf Abdul , Hussein  Eltom Elhassan 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to the most commonly used drug ceftriaxone and its adverse effects have increased due to its injudicial use. Drug Utilization Evaluation (DUE) is an ongoing, systematic process designed to promote the appropriate and effective use of drugs. The purpose was to detect potential problems and search out solution.
Methods: Data were collected in structured preform specific for DUE and were represented as numbers and percentages. For comparing numerical data, Mann–Whitney U-test was used as the data were non-parametric in distribution for ages and BMI, while Fisher exact test was used for categorical data comparison. Multivariate multi-logistic regression models to study the overlapped effect of the variables in development of Ceftriaxone induced liver functions derangement. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS16 for statistical analysis. Significance was considered as P < 0.05.
Results: Our study showed that ceftriaxone use was more. High dose was used and for more than 10 days were the result of adverse effects and liver insult.
Conclusion There is need for awareness among the general practitioners and clinicians to ensure rational use of antibiotics. This will minimize bacterial resistance to drug, adverse effects and save national economy.
Keywords: Ceftriaxone, Drug utilization evaluation
Microbially enhanced heavy oil recovery through biodegradation using fungal extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus spp.
Authors: Zhang Junhui , Gao Hui , Lai Hangxian , Hu Shibin , Xue Quanhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The progressive depletion of light crude oils has led to increased focus on efficient exploitation of heavy oil reserves to meet energy demand. Microbial enhanced oil recovery make a significant contribution to the recovery of heavy oils; however, most use bacteria, with less attention paid to the potential of fungi. Therefore, this study proposes the use of fungi in the form of extracellular enzymes to degrade heavy oil and improve its physicochemical property , thus increasing fluidity of heavy oil.Results: In this study, we investigated the efficiency of fungal extracellular enzymes in biotransformation and biodegradation of heavy oil fractions into light aliphatic and aromatic compounds and the feasibility of the use of such enzyme preparations in enhanced oil recovery. Two strains of Aspergillus spp., isolated from bitumen samples, showed good growth on plates of mineral salts medium with heavy oil as the sole carbon source. The fungal extracellular enzymes, with dehydrogenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities, exhibited the ability to degrade heavy oil, and coupled with abundant gas production. Gas chromatography analysis revealed a significant redistribution of n -alkanes in the heavy oil caused by the action of the fungal enzymes, resulting in an increase in individual n -alkanes. The viscosity of the heavy oil was decreased 66.33% by fungal enzymatic degradation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the potential of extracellular enzymes from Aspergillus spp. for applications in enhanced heavy oil recovery, including biotransformation of heavy to lighter crude oil and byproduct biogas formation.
Double Drug-Loaded and pH/Thermal Sensitive Multifunctional Drug Delivery System for Tumor Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Enhanced Chemo/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Na , Liu Kai , Tu Yu , Yang Weitao , Gao Xiaolong , Zeng Weiwei , Zhang Bingbo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Owing to the tunability of longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), ease of synthesizing small size and excellent stability, AuNRs have been developed as photothermal agents for cancer therapy. However, PTT alone could not kill cancer cells completely due to the local heterogeneous distribution of heat in tumors, penetration depth of light, light scattering and absorption. In addition, the treatment systems based on AuNRs hold disadvantages of loading one antitumor drug or a low therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, the construction of the AuNRs theranostic system to achieve imaging-guided dual drug delivery and enhanced photothermal therapy for tumor still remains a great challenge.Methods: The AuNRs were prepared using a seedless method. A mesoporous silica shell layer was coated on the surface of the AuNRs by sol-gel method. Double anticancer drugs, DOX and Btz, were loaded into the AuNRs@MSN nanoparticles through physical absorption and covalent conjugation, respectively.Results: The release of DOX and Btz is found pH/thermal dual responsive in vitro. Compared with AuNRs@MSN, PDA-AuNRs@MSN exhibits an increased near-infrared (NIR) absorption at 808 nm and an enhanced photothermal effect. In contrast to chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, the integrated D/B-PDA-AuNRs@MSN nanoparticles show higher cell apoptosis and enhanced tumor treatment efficacy in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions: In this study, we designed a double-drug loading, enhanced chemo/photothermal therapy and pH/thermal responsive drug delivery system for photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided tumor therapy. We believe that the multifunctional D/B-PDA-AuNRs@MSN theranostic probe could serve as an effective probe for the treatment of cancers.
Only fungal migration runs through the biotopes of soil, phyllosphere and faeces
Authors: Zhao Qingzhou , Wang Yanfen , Cui Xiaoyong , Xu Zhihong , Yu Zhisheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Understanding the microbial linkages among the soil, plants and animals is crucial for maintaining the balance of thet ecosystem in grazed grasslands. However, previous study always focused on the biotopes of soil, phyllosphere and faeces respectively and little has been known about the microbial distribution and migration among these biotopes. Here, a systematic survey to investigate the alteration and overlap among the various microbiotas of biotopes and how the microbial cycle served for the ecosystem was conducted on the molecular ecological level.Results: Our findings revealed that the biotopes drived the distinct microbial community assemblages with various richness, β-diversity and composition. The substantial overlaps between soil and phyllosphere in fungi, bacteria and archaea indicated that soil played the role of the microbial source for phyllosphere. Nevertheless, Ascomycota were the only microorganisms definitely migrating among all the biotopes. After the long-term impact of faeces via grazing, the soil and phyllosphere microbiota were altered significantly.Conclusions: Biotopes driving leads the discrepancy of microbiota distribution among soil, phyllosphere and faeces. Soil could potentially perform as the microbial reservoir for phyllosphere. However, there was only fungal migration running through the ecosystem to link all the biotopes. These findings improved our understanding of microbial linkages among the biotopes in the grazed grassland ecosystem and better managing the soil, plants and animals for the pasture ecosystem service.
Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity among Adolescents of Debre Berhan City Administration; Qualitative Study.
Authors: Mohammed Osman Yimer , Tesfahun Esubalew , Mohammed Abdurahman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Most adolescents are insufficiently physically active and it contributes to 3.2 million deaths each year. Environmental and systemic factors influence the level of physical activity. Sedentary work and living environments, socioeconomic status and limited access to facilities are barriers ofphysical activity. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators of physical activity among adolescents of Debre Berhan City Administration. Methodology: School based qualitative study was conducted among 64 adolescents in Debre Berhan City Administration from June 1-20 2019. Data was collected using eight focus group discussions with a focus group guide. Inductive analysis was done using ATLA.ti version 7. Result: A total of eight focus group discussion were conducted from June 1-20/2019. Three out of the sixty-four participants reported that they do physical activity on a regular basis. Social and personal factors (lack of role model, absence of family or friend influence, bad example, shortage of time, lack of interest and financial constraints) and environmental(Lack of access to play ground, lack of access to gymnasium, lack of conducive environment, poor school environment, harsh (polluted) environment, not friendly (girls) environment, poor urban planning and developmental activities) factors were reported to be barriers of physical activity while being member of a club, improving self-image and maintaining fitness are facilitators of physical activity. Conclusion and Recommendation: Lack of social support, lack of access to play ground and poor construction and developmental activities are the main barriers of physical activity. Therefore, Debre Berhan City Administration should work towards improving urban planning and avail girls’ friendly playground and gymnasium for every resident. Key Words Physical activity, Qualitative Study, Barriers, Facilitators
Determinant of overweight and obesity among females’ adolescents in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Qahtani Mona Faisal , Alghareeb Azhar Ibrahim , Alramadan Zainab Sami , Ismail Mohamed Saleh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: several lifestyle factors related to adolescent overweight and obesity have been well documented. The main objectives of this study were to explore the common lifestyle behaviors among female adolescents based on body BMI category and to examine the association between overweight/obesity and lifestyle factors among them. Methods: cross-sectional study was carried out on 598 participants, and Arab Teens Lifestyle Study (ATLS) questionnaire was used. Data related to lifestyle factors, e.g., physical activity, metabolic equivalent rate, sedentary behavior; dietary consumption; and anthropometrics including height, weight, and BMI were collected. To test the correlations between BMI and lifestyle factors, ANOVA and logistic regression were performed. Results: based on BMI, 20.6% and 19.4% of females suffer from overweight and obesity, respectively. Results indicated significant differences (P<0.05) in several female anthropometric factors and lifestyle behaviors based on BMI category. These factors comprised BMI, weight, consumption of French fries/potato chips, vegetables, fruits, and cake/donuts; and MET-min of swimming, and total physical activity (MET-min/week). Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with the consumption of cake/donuts (odds ratio [OR] for >5 days/weeks =2.261; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.361-3.757), French fries (OR for 3-4 days/weeks=1.936; 95% CI=.206-3.110) and fruit (OR for 3-4 days/weeks=1.669; 95% CI=1.032-2.697). Conclusion: a significant positive association between BMI category and factors such as eating French fries/potato chips and cakes/donuts were observed among adolescent Saudi females.
Explore the Structural Changes of Nitrogen-fixing Microorganisms of Rhizosheath During the Growth of Stipagrostis Pennata in the Desert
Authors: Tian Yongzhi , Ma Xiaolin , Li Yuanting , Cheng Cong , An Dengdi , Ge Fengwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Rhizosheath is an adaptive feature of the survival of Stipagrostis pennata in desert systems. Although microorganisms play important ecological roles in promoting the nitrogen cycle of rhizosheath, the diversity and function of nitrogen-fixing microorganism communities have not been fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the nitrogen fixation ability of rhizosheaths and the changes of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms at different growth periods of Stipagrostis pennata. We sequenced the nifH gene through sequencing nifH gene to identify the structure and diversity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of Stipagrostis pennata at different growth periods of rhizosheaths.Results: A total of 1256 OTUs were identified by nifH sequence and distributed in different growth periods. There were 5 OTUs distributed in each sample at the same time, and the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in fruit period were much higher than those in other periods. Mainly 4 phyla were involved, among which Proteobacteria was the most abundant in all groups.Conclusions: In general, this study investigated the abundance and characteristics of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of rhizosheaths in different growth periods of Stipagrostis pennata. It also elucidated the regulatory changes of the structure of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of rhizosheaths in different growth periods of Stipagrostis pennata.
Health-Related Quality of Life for People with Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alramadan Mohammed J. , Afroz Afsana , Siddiquea Bodrun N. , Alabdullah Noor A. , Alameer Sara M. , Alragas Adel Mehmas H. , Amin Ghada Mohammed , Bayaseh Nour A. , Alramadan Fatimah A , Billah Baki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the health-related quality of life and its associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with type 2 diabetes who attended diabetes centres in three major cities in Saudi Arabia in 2017. Participants were interviewed and their medical records were reviewed. The EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level was used to assess health-related quality of life, and bootstrap resampling with multiple regression analysis was used to identify its associated factors. Results: A total of 1121 participants were recruited. The mean age was 57.6 ±11.1 years, and the mean utility index of the quality of life was 0.739 ±0.261 (0.795 ±0.197 for males and 0.709 ±0.285 for females) and dropped to 0.566 ±0.339 in the presence of micro- and macro-vascular complications. Among the study participants, 51.0%, 12.3%, and 30.5% had problems with mobility, self-care and usual activity, respectively, while 51.6% and 45.8% had problems with pain-discomfort and anxiety-depression, respectively. Factors associated with low health-related quality of life were low education level, physical activity < 150 minutes per week, long sitting time, anxiety, depression and diabetes complications. Conclusions: Health-related quality of life is low among people with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia, particularly among women and those who had diabetes complications. In order to improve the quality of life, people with type 2 diabetes should maintain a healthy lifestyle, and appropriate interventions should be taken to prevent complications and comorbidities.
Knockdown adiponectin receptor 1 expression in synovial tissue alleviate the progression of collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Wang Yani , Liu Rui , Zhao Pengfei , Zhang Qian , Huang Yingheng , Wang Lei , Lv Chengyin , Che Nan , Tan Wenfeng , Zhang Miaojia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that adiponectin (APN) is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The proinflammatory effect of APN is mainly mediated adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1). The high expression of AdipoR1 have been suggested in RA synovial tissue. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of AdipoR1 in inflammation and bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The expression of APN and AdipoR1 in synovial tissue of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patient was tested by qPCR and western blot. RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) were stimulated with APN, IL-6 or TNF-α respectively. The expression of AdipoR1 on RASFs were tested by flow cytometry. To prove the pathogenic role, AdipoR1 was silenced in a human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast cell line (MH7A) and local joint of CIA mice by specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) using a lentiviral delivery system. The levels of proliferation, apoptosis and inflammatory factors on MH7A were assessed in vitro. Local AdipoR1 knockdown on CIA mice were further estimated by arthritis clinical scores, inflammatory cytokine expression, micro-CT, H&E staining and receptor activator of nuclear factor к B ligand (RANKL) / osteoprotegerin (OPG) in vivo. Results: We found that the levels of APN and AdipoR1 expression were significantly higher in RASFs and the expression of AdipoR1 was upregulated by APN in RASFs. Silencing AdipoR1 could effectively reduce lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced proliferation of MH7A cells, promote their apoptosis, and reduce the release of inflammatory factors. In CIA mice, local silencing AdipoR1 in arthritis markedly reduced joint inflammation and alleviated bone erosion and osteoporosis in vivo. Furthermore, local silencing AdipoR1 inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor к B ligand (RANKL) expression and decreased RANKL / osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in knees and ankles of CIA mice. Conclusions: This study suggests that AdipoR1 plays a key role in the development of RA and silencing AdipoR1 might be a new target for the clinical treatment of RA.