bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ernest Gellner Nationalism Lecture: The Soviet Union, self‐determination, and the creation of the postwar human rights system
Authors: Weitz Eric D 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe USSR played a key role in the establishment of the post‐World War II human rights system despite its repressive and even murderous domestic record. It forged an alliance with the countries of the Global South in support of decolonization, self‐determination, and social and economic rights, policies opposed by liberal states like the United States, Great Britain, and France. These positions were deeply rooted in the socialist tradition. Moreover, when a human rights movement emerged in the mid‐1960s, its members—in its origins overwhelmingly from the intelligentsia—called not for the overthrow of the Soviet Union but for the fulfilment of Soviet law. The language of rights, proclaimed with such flourish in the 1936 constitution and its successor in 1977, served as the weapon hurled by dissidents as they called on the Soviet government to respect freedom of speech and assembly, and national rights, including the right to emigrate. In turn, the international human rights movement developed from the 1960s to the 1990s largely through support for the Soviet dissident movement, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch prime examples. The Soviet experience is critical to any global history of human rights.
When does cerebral β‐amyloid deposition begin in Lewy body dementia?
Authors: Fujishiro Hiroshige , Kosaka Kenji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLewy body dementia (LBD) consists of two dementia syndromes associated with Lewy body pathology: Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The common pathological basis in the nervous systems supports considerable clinical overlap between them. Dysautonomia, olfactory dysfunction, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and psychiatric symptoms are frequently seen in the course of both disorders during the prodromal stage. Although the defining feature of PDD is that dementia develops in the setting of well‐established Parkinson's disease, the presence of parkinsonism is not essential for the clinical diagnosis of DLB. It is accepted that nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration is a key pathophysiology in the development of parkinsonism, but the time course of nigral degeneration in LBD remains unclear. In both disorders, cortical Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites are often widespread and correlate with the severity of the dementia. The progression pattern of Lewy body pathology in LBD remains unestablished, but the cortical involvement of incidental LBs in individuals without parkinsonism suggests the presymptomatic neuropathological precursor for DLB rather than PDD. Many studies have revealed that cerebral β‐amyloid accumulation is related to the timing of the onset of dementia relative to that of parkinsonism in LBD. Therefore, we focused on the time courses of nigral degeneration and cerebral β‐amyloid accumulation during the disease progression in LBD. Recent neuroimaging and cerebral spinal fluid findings have provided opportunities for understanding the antemortem neuropathological changes, and LBD‐associated findings were also reviewed in this article.
Estimation of population‐based utility weights for health states of chronic kidney disease, dialysis and kidney transplantation
Authors: Jo Min‐Woo , Lee Hyeon‐Jeong , Ryu Dong‐Ryeol , Park Jongha , Ock Minsu , Kim Seon‐Ha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the utility of chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐related health states in the Korean general population by using the standard gamble (SG) method.MethodsSeven hypothetical CKD‐related health states were developed and revised based on previous publications. Data from 242 individuals from the Korean general population were obtained via computer‐assisted personal interviews and used to evaluate the CKD‐related health states by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and SG methods. Mean and median utility values were calculated for each health state. To assess the reliability of the valuation, some samples were retested and evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsIn all health states, the utility weights from SG were higher than those from VAS. The difference in utility values between the two valuation methods ranged from 0.258 to 0.308. The utility value of CKD grade 3 was the highest and that of peritoneal dialysis (PD) was the lowest. The utility weights tended to decrease in accordance with the progression of CKD. CKD grade 3 was assigned a SG utility value of 0.878, whereas PD was assigned 0.507. The SG utility values of predialysis end‐stage renal disease, haemodialysis, kidney transplantation (KT), and post‐KT recovery states were 0.666, 0.547, 0.748 and 0.827, respectively. The mean ICC (SD) at the individual level was 0.746 (0.281) for the SG scores.ConclusionOur results could be used to measure the burden of kidney disease or to evaluate the economic efficiency of CKD‐related interventions.
Delayed midazolam dose effects against soman in male and female plasma carboxylesterase knockout mice
Authors: Kundrick Erica , Marrero‐Rosado Brenda , Stone Michael , Schultz Caroline , Walker Katie , Lee‐Stubbs Robyn B. , de Araujo Furtado Marcio , Lumley Lucille A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemical warfare nerve agent exposure leads to status epilepticus that may progress to epileptogenesis and severe brain pathology when benzodiazepine treatment is delayed. We evaluated the dose−response effects of delayed midazolam (MDZ) on toxicity induced by soman (GD) in the plasma carboxylesterase knockout (Es1−/−) mouse, which, similar to humans, lacks plasma carboxylesterase. Initially, we compared the median lethal dose (LD50) of GD exposure in female Es1−/− mice across estrous with male mice and observed a greater LD50 during estrus compared with proestrus or with males. Subsequently, male and female GD‐exposed Es1−/− mice treated with a dose range of MDZ 40 min after seizure onset were evaluated for survivability, seizure activity, and epileptogenesis. GD‐induced neuronal loss and microglial activation were evaluated 2 weeks after exposure. Similar to our previous observations in rats, delayed treatment with MDZ dose‐dependently increased survival and reduced seizure severity in GD‐exposed mice, but was unable to prevent epileptogenesis, neuronal loss, or gliosis. These results suggest that MDZ is beneficial against GD exposure, even when treatment is delayed, but that adjunct therapies to enhance protection need to be identified. The Es1−/− mouse GD exposure model may be useful to screen for improved medical countermeasures against nerve agent exposure.
Food environment near schools and body weight—A systematic review of associations by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and socio‐economic factors
Authors: Matsuzaki Mika , Sánchez Brisa N. , Acosta Maria Elena , Botkin Jillian , Sanchez‐Vaznaugh Emma V. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPrevious research reported modest associations between food environments near schools and adiposity among children overall. The associations within sociodemographic subgroups have not been synthesized. This review assessed the evidence on the associations between food environments near schools and childhood obesity within different demographic and socio‐economic subgroups. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to identify studies published in English between January 1, 1980, and April 25, 2019, examining the presence of fast food outlets, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores near schools and measures of overweight/obesity by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and income level. Twelve cross‐sectional and two ecological studies were included. Fast food outlets were most commonly examined (n = 12). The associations between fast food outlets near schools and obesity were generally positive among Latino, white, and African American students and across grade levels, although the strengths of evidence varied. The directions of association were mixed among Asian children. Three studies reported generally positive associations between convenience stores and obesity among Latino and African American children and mixed associations among white and Asian children. Longitudinal studies are needed in addition to studies examining underlying mechanisms of the differential influence of food environments near schools within each subgroup.
Genodermatoses with teeth abnormalities
Authors: Khalil Samar , Eid Edward , Hamieh Lamia , Bardawil Tara , Moujaes Ziad , Khalil Wael , Abbas Ossama , Kurban Mazen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany genodermatoses exhibit abnormal teeth findings. Studies examining these entities are scarce and narrow in their scope. This paper reviews the evolution, development, and structure of the tooth and provides a summary of genodermatoses with aberrant dental findings. The latter are classified according to the abnormal dental findings: periodontal disease, anodontia/oligodontia/hypodontia, polydontia, enamel hypoplasia, natal teeth, dental pits, and others. Finally, we provide an algorithm that dermatologists and dentists can follow to better recognize genodermatoses with dental involvement.
The relationship between oral diseases and infectious complications in patients under dialysis
Authors: Arenius Ilona , Ruokonen Hellevi , Ortiz Fernanda , Furuholm Jussi , Välimaa Hannamari , Bostanci Nagihan , Eskola Maija , Maria Heikkinen Anna , Meurman Jukka H. , Sorsa Timo , Nylund Karita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesAssociation was investigated between oral health before dialysis and the incidence of systemic infections during dialysis. We hypothesized that low‐grade systemic inflammation caused by poor oral health associates with infectious episodes in patients on dialysis, despite earlier eradication of oral infection foci.Subjects and methodsA total of 117 patients (46 with peritoneal and 71 with hemodialysis) were examined and treated at predialysis stage and followed up during dialysis. Number of infection episodes and microorganisms cultured from blood and peritoneal fluid were analyzed. Number of teeth, periodontal inflammatory burden, and total dental index scores were assessed, and salivary matrix metalloproteinase 8, triggering receptor on myeloid cells 1, peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), and interleukin‐1β were measured.ResultsIn hemodialysis, 134 infection episodes were recorded, while peritoneal dialysis group had 77 peritonitis episodes. Culture‐negative samples were 69% in hemodialysis and 23% in peritoneal dialysis group. Staphylococci were the most frequently associated microorganisms. Infections during dialysis did neither associate with oral health parameters nor associate with salivary inflammatory biomarkers, except for PGLYRP1, which associated with number of infection episodes during hemodialysis (p = .046).ConclusionsA number of infection episodes during hemodialysis were associated with salivary PGLYRP1 but not the other salivary markers or oral infection markers.
Antibiotic’s effectiveness after erupted tooth extractions: A retrospective study
Authors: Barone Antonio , Chatelain Sibylle , Derchi Giacomo , Di Spirito Federica , Martuscelli Ranieri , Porzio Massimo , Sbordone Ludovico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the influence of antibiotics on the development of alveolitis after tooth extractions.Materials and MethodsThe study population consisted of patients who had erupted tooth extractions in 3 centers. The patients’ medical records were collected for several parameters. Moreover, use of antibiotics was evaluated. The primary outcome was the development of alveolitis during the postoperative period. The secondary outcome measure was the possible associations between alveolitis and other patients’ characteristics.ResultsA total of 1579 patient charts were screened. The patients enrolled in the study were 418 (159 males and 259 females). Alveolitis was reported for 12 extraction sites (2.87%). Six were in the group of patients that received antibiotics (2.14% out of 280 patients treated with antibiotics), and six were in the group of patients that did not receive antibiotics (4.35% out of 138 patients not receiving antibiotics). None of patient‐level parameters showed any significant association with the development of alveolitis.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study showed that the use of antibiotics after erupted tooth extractions is not useful in preventing alveolitis. Larger, prospective, and randomized studies are needed before incorporating these findings into the daily clinical practice.
Do innate killing mechanisms activated by inflammasomes have a role in treating melanoma?
Authors: Emran Abdullah Al , Tseng Hsin‐Yi , Coleman Mikaela C. , Tiffen Jessamy , Cook Stuart , McGuire Helen M. , Gallagher Stuart , Feng Carl , Hersey Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMelanoma, as for many other cancers, undergoes a selection process during progression that limits many innate and adaptive tumor control mechanisms. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade overcomes one of the escape mechanisms but if the tumor is not eliminated other escape mechanisms evolve that require new approaches for tumor control. Some of the innate mechanisms that have evolved against infections with microorganisms and viruses are proving to be active against cancer cells but require better understanding of how they are activated and what inhibitory mechanisms may need to be targeted. This is particularly so for inflammasomes which have evolved against many different organisms and which recruit a number of cytotoxic mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Equally important is understanding of where these mechanisms will fit into existing treatment strategies and whether existing strategies already involve the innate killing mechanisms.
Partner–objectification in romantic relationships: A dyadic approach
Authors: Mahar Elizabeth A. , Webster Gregory D. , Markey Patrick M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationship between the objectification of one's romantic partner (partner–objectification) and relationship quality using 221 heterosexual couples. Controlling for relevant covariates, actor–partner interdependence models revealed no partner effects but multiple actor effects. First, men who objectified their partners more had lower levels of relationship commitment and relationship satisfaction, and perceived higher quality alternatives to the relationship. Second, women who objectified their partners more had lower levels of relationship satisfaction themselves. Third, relationship duration marginally moderated the association between partner–objectification and relationship commitment, with partner–objectification negatively linked to one's own relationship commitment in relationships of shorter durations, but not when relationship durations were longer. Implications for an investment model and romantic relationship objectification are discussed.
The who, the what, and the how of forgiveness
Authors: Russell Luke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe are often encouraged to forgive those who have wronged us. Before we can decide whether this is what we ought to do, we had better figure out what forgiveness amounts to. This article surveys recent philosophical disagreements over the nature of forgiveness. Is it only victims who can forgive the wrongs that were done to them, or can third parties also forgive? Is it possible to forgive yourself? When you forgive, what is that you are forgiving? Do you forgive morally wrong actions, or do you forgive wrongdoers? Can you forgive things that were not actually morally wrong? How do you forgive? Do you forgive by having a change of heart towards the perpetrator, by losing your anger and resentment? Or do you forgive by changing the way you treat the wrongdoer, by withholding punishment, or by achieving reconciliation? Or do you forgive by declaring “I forgive you” to the wrongdoer?
Identification of a caleosin associated with hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) oil bodies
Authors: Lamberti C. , Nebbia S. , Balestrini R. , Marengo E. , Manfredi M. , Pavese V. , Cirrincione S. , Giuffrida M. G. , Cavallarin L. , Acquadro A. , Abbà S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Caleosins are involved in several cellular and biological processes that are closely associated with the synthesis, degradation and stability of oil bodies (OB).

Because of the importance and the multiple roles of these OB‐associated proteins, in silico identification of sequences corresponding to putative caleosins in the hazelnut genome has been performed, and the association with seed OB was verified using a proteomic approach.

Five full‐length sequences (CavCLO‐H1, CavCLO‐H2, CavCLO‐H3, CavCLO‐L1, CavCLO‐L2), belonging to the two groups of caleosins (H and L), have been identified in the hazelnut genome. The number of identified caleosins is in agreement with that previously observed in other plant species, confirming that caleosins comprise small gene families in plants.

A proteomic approach allowed us to verify only the presence of CavCLO‐H1 in hazelnut OB, suggesting that several members inside this family could have different roles during plant growth and development. In silico analysis also suggests that CavCLO‐H1 may act as a peroxygenase.
Functional analysis of walnut polyphenol oxidase gene (JrPPO1) in transgenic tobacco plants and PPO induction in response to walnut bacterial blight
Authors: Khodadadi Fatemeh , Tohidfar Masoud , Vahdati Kourosh , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Leslie Charles A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWalnut (Juglans regia) is economically important for both its wood and nut nutritional value, but it is susceptible to diseases such as walnut bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj). Walnuts contain many phenolic compounds, providing a good model on which to study polyphenol oxidase (PPO). We inoculated the detached walnut fruits of cultivars Ford, Chandler, Franquette, Robert Livermore, and Payne with Xaj and measured the induction of PPO activity in infected sites and adjacent to infected sites. Compared to infected and uninfected sites, PPO activity was induced significantly in areas adjacent to infected sites in all cultivars except Ford. Ford and Franquette, presenting the lowest and highest PPO activity, showed the largest and smallest mean diameter spots in response to Xaj, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed monophenol oxidase activity of walnut PPO in the assessed tissues. Then, we revealed the antipathogenic potential of walnut PPO through Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated walnut JrPPO1 gene transfer into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Two transformed tobacco lines overexpressing the JrPPO1 gene were regenerated successfully and challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Transgenic lines showed significantly higher PPO activity and lower disease severity to the pathogen compared to the control. However, a significant difference in disease severity and PPO activity level was observed between the two transgenic lines. Our results demonstrate a potential defence‐related role of PPO in transgenic tobacco and its induction in areas adjacent to infection sites in walnut cultivars treated with Xaj.
Impact of Internet use on economic well‐being of rural households: Evidence from China
Authors: Ma Wanglin , Nie Peng , Zhang Pei , Renwick Alan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe expansion of the Internet in developing countries has important implications for the economic development of rural areas. Although many studies have investigated various benefits of Internet use, little attention has been paid to find the relationship between Internet use and the economic well‐being of rural households. This paper, therefore, investigates the effects of Internet use on household income and expenditure, using a sample of rural households from China. Both endogenous treatment regression (ETR) and unconditional quantile regression (UQR) techniques are used to identify the homogenous and heterogeneous effects of Internet use, respectively. The ETR results show that Internet use increases household income and expenditure significantly. However, the UQR results reveal that Internet use has a larger impact at the upper distributions of household income and expenditure.
Will elders provide for their grandchildren? Unconditional cash transfers and educational expenditures in Bolivia
Authors: Canavire‐Bacarreza Gustavo , Chong Alberto , Ríos‐Avila Fernando , Yáñez‐Pagans Mónica 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe take advantage of repeated cross‐sectional household surveys and a sharp discontinuity created by the introduction of an unconditional cash transfer to elders in Bolivia, to evaluate its impact on educational expenditures on children within a household. We find positive and significant impacts of the program at the aggregate level. We also find that the program has stronger effects on indigenous populations as well as on female and rural populations. Our results are robust to a series of falsification tests, survey structure, model specification, and estimation methods.
The evolving blood donor deferral policy for men who have sex with men: impact on the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion in France
Authors: Pillonel Josiane , Pelat Camille , Tiberghien Pierre , Sauvage Claire , Danic Bruno , Martinaud Christophe , Barin Francis , Sainte‐Marie Isabelle , Coignard Bruno , Gross Sylvie , Laperche Syria , Lot Florence 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUNDBlood donation deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) in France was reduced from permanent to 12 months in July 2016. To inform a further reduction of the deferral period, an HIV risk assessment was conducted with two scenarios: S1, 4‐month deferral; S2, 4‐month deferral only in the case of more than one sexual partner (i.e., similar to other blood donors).METHODSBaseline HIV residual risk (RR) was calculated from July 2016 to December 2017, using the Incidence Rate–Window Period method. The impact of both scenarios on RR was assessed using data from surveys on MSM and blood donors, to estimate 1) the number of additional MSM expected to donate in each scenario and 2) HIV incidence among these donors.RESULTSBaseline HIV RR was estimated at 1 in 6,380,000 donations. For S1, an additional 733 MSM donors, and an additional 0.09 HIV‐positive donations were estimated, yielding an unchanged RR of 1 in 6,300,000. For S2, these numbers were estimated at 3102 and 3.92, respectively, yielding an RR of 1 in 4,300,000. Sensitivity analyses showed that, under worst‐case assumptions, the RR would equal 1 in 6,225,000 donations for S1 and 1 in 3,000,000 for S2.CONCLUSIONFor both scenarios, the HIV RR remains very low. For S1, the risk is identical to the baseline RR. For S2, it is 1.5 times higher, and sensitivity analysis shows that this estimate is less robust than for S1. The French Minister of Health announced that S1 will be implemented in April 2020.