bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerns of Novice Nurses in the First Year of Work: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Najafi Bahareh , Nasiri Ahmad 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Novice nurses face many concerns at the beginning of their professional careers. The majority of novice nurses have been challenged with stress, inability to work autonomously, insecurity, inexperience, and unpreparedness to work in a clinical setting at the early of their work. Objective This study aims to explain novice nurses’ experiences to understand their concerns. This was a qualitative study using conventional content analysis. Methods Unstructured in-depth open individual interviews were used for data collection. Sixteen nurses were selected by purposeful sampling. The data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman content analysis approach. After data collection, all interviews were transcribed and reviewed, and categories were extracted. Results After analyzing the data obtained from the experiences of novice nurses, three major themes and 11 subthemes were identified. The major themes were initial uncertainty in the novice nurse, loneliness and helplessness alongside colleagues, and concerns about workplace discrimination by managers. Conclusion Since the results of this qualitative study showed that novice nurses have such important concerns as confusion, feelings of loneliness and helplessness, and feelings of worry about discrimination at the beginning of their work, so, it is necessary to pay attention to these issues in planning by providers to assist them transitioning in clinical settings.
On the inverse association between the number of QTL and the trait-specific genomic relationship of a candidate to the training set.
Authors: Stricker Christian , Fernando Rohan L. , Melchinger Albrecht , Auinger Hans-Juergen , Schoen Chris-Carolin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Accuracy of genomic prediction depends on the heritability of the trait, the size of the training set, the relationship of the candidates to the training set, and the $$\text {Min}(N_{\text {QTL}},M_e)$$

Min
(

N
QTL

,

M
e

)

, where $$N_{\text {QTL}}$$

N
QTL

is the number of QTL and $$M_e$$

M
e

is the number of independently segregating chromosomal segments. Due to LD, the number $$Q_e$$

Q
e

of independently segregating QTL (effective QTL) can be lower than $$\text {Min}(N_{\text {QTL}},M_e)$$

Min
(

N
QTL

,

M
e

)

. In this paper, we show that $$Q_e$$

Q
e

is inversely associated with the trait-specific genomic relationship of a candidate to the training set. This provides an explanation for the inverse association between $$Q_e$$

Q
e

and the accuracy of prediction.

Methods
To quantify the genomic relationship of a candidate to all members of the training set, we considered the $$k^2$$

k
2

statistic that has been previously used for this purpose. It quantifies how well the marker covariate vector of a candidate can be represented as a linear combination of the rows of the marker covariate matrix of the training set. In this paper, we used Bayesian regression to make this statistic trait specific and argue that the trait-specific genomic relationship of a candidate to the training set is inversely associated with $$Q_e$$

Q
e

. Simulation was used to demonstrate the dependence of the trait-specific $$k^2$$

k
2

statistic on $$Q_e$$

Q
e

, which is related to $$N_{\text {QTL}}$$

N
QTL

.

Conclusions
The posterior distributions of the trait-specific $$k^2$$

k
2

statistic showed that the trait-specific genomic relationship between a candidate and the training set is inversely associated to $$Q_e$$

Q
e

and $$N_{\text {QTL}}$$

N
QTL

. Further, we show that trait-specific genomic relationship between a candidate and the training set is directly related to the size of the training set.
Psychotic disorders in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative patients: comparative study of clinical characteristics
Authors: Nakasujja Noeline , Musisi Seggane , Agren Hans , Katabira Elly , Allebeck Peter 
Published: December 2024

Background
Clinical characteristics of psychosis in HIV infection have been described, but there have been limited comparative studies in HIV-endemic low-resource regions.

Aim
To compare clinical characteristics of psychosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at the main psychiatric referral units in Uganda.

Method
Patients with psychosis were consecutively recruited and completed a standardised demographic questionnaire and psychiatric and laboratory assessments including an HIV test. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to diagnose psychiatric illness. Psychosis symptoms were compared between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals using bivariate methods. A logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of age, gender and HIV status on different types of psychosis.

Results
There were 478 patients enrolled, of which 156 were HIV positive and 322 were HIV negative. The mean age was 33.2 years (95% CI 31.8–34.5) for the HIV-positive group and 29.6 years (95% CI 28.7–30.5) for the HIV-negative group (P < 0.001). Female patients had a higher proportion of seropositivity 40.6% (95% CI 34.8–46.4) compared with males 21.8% (95% CI 16.1–27.5) (P < 0.001). Psychotic disorder not otherwise specified occurred more in the HIV-positive individuals (88% (95% CI 82.9–93.1) v. 12% (95% CI 8.4–15.5), P < 0.001). Motor activity, irritability, emotional withdrawal, feelings of guilt, mannerisms and posturing, grandiosity, suspiciousness, unusual thoughts, blunted affect, excitement and disorientation were associated with HIV seropositivity.

Conclusion
The presentation of psychosis in patients with HIV is unique to this HIV endemic setting. Characterisation of the symptomatology of patients presenting with psychosis is important for proper diagnosis and care.
Real-World and Clinical Trial Validation of a Deep Learning Radiomic Biomarker for PD-(L)1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sako Chiharu , Duan Chong , Maresca Kevin , Kent Sean , Schmidt Taly Gilat , Aerts Hugo J.W.L. , Parikh Ravi B. , Simon George R. , Jordan Petr 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
This study developed and validated a novel deep learning radiomic biomarker to estimate response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using real-world data (RWD) and clinical trial data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Retrospective RWD of 1,829 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-(L)1 ICIs were collected from 10 academic and community institutions in the United States and Europe. The RWD included data sets for discovery (Data Set A-Discovery, n = 1,173) and independent test (Data Set B, n = 458). A radiomic pipeline, containing a deep learning feature extractor and a survival model, generated the computed tomography (CT) response score (CTRS) applied to the pretreatment routine CT/positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan. An enhanced CTRS (eCTRS) also incorporated age, sex, treatment line, and lesion annotations. Performance was evaluated against progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Biomarker generalizability was further evaluated using a secondary analysis of a prospective clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT02573259
) evaluating the PD-1 inhibitor sasanlimab in second or later line of treatment (Data Set C, n = 54).

RESULTS
In RWD Test Data Set B, the CTRS identified patients with a high probability of response to ICI with a PFS hazard ratio (HR) of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.82) and an OS HR of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.92) in the first-line ICI monotherapy cohort, after adjustment for baseline covariates including the PD-L1 tumor proportion score. In Clinical Trial Data Set C, the CTRS demonstrated an adjusted PFS HR of 1.03 (95% CI, 0.43 to 2.47) and an OS HR of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.91). The CTRS and eCTRS outperformed traditional imaging biomarkers of lesion size in PFS and OS for RWD Test Data Set B and in OS for the Clinical Trial Data Set.

CONCLUSION
The study developed and validated a deep learning radiomic biomarker using pretreatment routine CT/PET-CT scans to identify ICI benefit in advanced NSCLC.
High Omega-3, Low Omega-6 Diet With Fish Oil for Men With Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance: The CAPFISH-3 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Aronson William J. , Grogan Tristan , Liang Pei , Jardack Patricia , Liddell Amana R. , Perez Claudia , Elashoff David , Said Jonathan , Cohen Pinchas , Marks Leonard S. , Henning Susanne M. 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
Men on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer are extremely interested in dietary changes or supplements to prevent progression of their disease. We sought to determine whether a high omega-3, low omega-6 fatty acid diet with fish oil capsules (D + FO) decreases proliferation (Ki-67) in prostate biopsies in men with prostate cancer on AS over a 1-year time period.

METHODS
In this phase II, prospective randomized trial, men (N = 100) with grade group 1 or 2 prostate cancer who elected AS were randomly assigned to the D + FO or a control group. Same-site prostate biopsies were obtained at baseline and 1 year. The primary end point was the change in Ki-67 index from baseline to 1 year from same-site biopsies compared between the groups.

RESULTS

The Ki-67 index decreased in the D + FO group by approximately 15% from baseline to 1 year (1.34% at baseline, 1.14% at 1 year) and increased in the control group by approximately 24% from baseline to 1 year (1.23% at baseline, 1.52% at 1 year), resulting in a statistically significant difference in the change of Ki-67 index between the groups (95% CI, 2% to 52%,
P
= .043). There was no significant difference in the secondary outcomes grade group, tumor length, Decipher genomic score, or prostate-specific antigen between the two groups. Four patients in the D + FO group were withdrawn from the trial because of adverse events related to the FO.

CONCLUSION
A high omega-3, low omega-6 diet with FO for 1 year resulted in a significant reduction in Ki-67 index, a biomarker for prostate cancer progression, metastasis, and death. These findings support future phase III trials incorporating this intervention in men on AS.
Flexibility of cutaneous evaporative water loss in response to hydration in pregnant prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) and their neonates
Authors: Bedard Robin E. , Weaver Savannah J. , Moniz Haley A. , Boback Scott M. , Taylor Emily N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Viviparous snakes may be particularly vulnerable to predicted increases in drought because of the high hydric costs associated with embryonic development and gestation, and their reliance on limited free-standing bodies of water or rain events for hydration. Drought will have negative implications for viper populations if females become increasingly water stressed and resorb developing embryos to conserve bodily water. We conducted a study to investigate the importance of drinking water in late-term pregnancy and its effect on cutaneous evaporative water loss (CEWL). We measured hydration and water loss in response to supplemental hydration during the final stages of embryonic development and gestation in arid-adapted prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Our goal was to assess how supplemental water affects hydration status and water loss (via CEWL) of females during and after pregnancy, and of their neonates before and after their first ecdysis. Supplemental hydration of pregnant C. viridis improved their hydration state and their neonates were also born more hydrated than those from control mothers, showing that they transfer water to neonates via the placenta even over a very short period in the late stages of pregnancy. The supplementally hydrated maternal C. viridis experienced slightly higher rates of CEWL compared with control snakes, but CEWL was primarily driven by ambient temperature and vapor pressure deficit at the time of measurement. At birth, neonate plasma osmolality and CEWL were both directly associated with their mothers' plasma osmolality and CEWL. Additionally, we found that neonate CEWL increased after the first ecdysis, suggesting that natal skin may help neonates avoid desiccation. Investigating and quantifying physiological implications of water shortage and dehydration can help us better understand the effects of drought and predict how wild populations of arid-adapted reptiles may respond to the predicted increase in frequency and severity of droughts.
A Bilevel Optimization Approach for a Class of Combinatorial Problems with Disruptions and Probing
Authors: Lozano Leonardo , Borrero Juan S. 
Published: December 2024

We consider linear combinatorial optimization problems under uncertain disruptions that increase the cost coefficients of the objective function. A decision maker, or planner, can invest resources to probe the components (i.e., the coefficients) in order to learn their disruption status. In the proposed probing optimization problem, the planner, knowing just the disruptions’ probabilities, selects which components to probe subject to a probing budget in a first decision stage. Then, the uncertainty realizes, and the planner observes the disruption status of the probed components, after which the planner solves the combinatorial problem in the second stage. In contrast to standard two-stage stochastic optimization, the planner does not have access to the full uncertainty realization in the second stage. Consequently, the planner cannot directly optimize the second-stage objective function, which is given by the actual cost after disruptions, and the decisions have to be made based on an estimate of the cost. By assuming that the estimate is given by the conditional expected cost given the information revealed by probing, we reformulate the probing optimization problem as a bilevel problem with multiple followers and propose an exact algorithm based on a value function reformulation and three heuristic algorithms. We derive theoretical results that bound the value of information and the price of not having full information and a bound on the required probing budget that attains the same performance as full information. Our extensive computational experiments suggest that probing a fraction of the components is sufficient to yield large improvements in the optimal value, that our exact algorithm is competitive for small- to medium-scale instances, and that the proposed heuristics find high-quality solutions in large-scale instances. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-22-1-0236] and the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant CMMI 2145553]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2024.0629 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2024.0629 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Auctions of Auctions
Authors: Zeithammer Robert , Choi W. Jason 
Published: December 2024

Online advertising impressions are traded through a multitiered network of intermediaries. We model the revenue optimization of a publisher that auctions off advertising impressions to intermediary exchanges, which, in turn, run their own internal auctions among the advertisers they represent. We show that the resulting auction-of-auctions market arrangement suffers from a double marginalization problem: the multitier bid shading prompts the publisher to raise the reserve price above the level under the nonintermediated benchmark. The reserve distortion decreases channel efficiency as well as the profits of all channel members. Our findings also demonstrate that, in the auction of auctions, reserve price optimization is both more intricate and more important than in the direct mechanism: optimal reserves depend on the number of both exchanges and advertisers. Moreover, optimizing the reserve price given a fixed number of bidders may be more profitable than keeping the auction absolute and adding more bidders. Interestingly, we find that a simple scheme in which exchanges coordinate to charge their advertisers a fixed percentage commission perfectly coordinates the channel. This paper was accepted by Dmitri Kuksov, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.05233 .
Understanding challenges and enhancing the competency of healthcare providers for disability inclusive sexual and reproductive health services in rural Nepal
Authors: Neupane Pabitra , Adhikari Suyasha , Khanal Sushma , Devkota Sulochana , Sharma Manasi , Shrestha Anisha , Timilsina Amit 
Published: December 2024

Background
Women with disabilities in rural Nepal face many challenges in accessing sexual and reproductive health services including harassment and unpleasant behavior by the healthcare providers. Though National Guideline for Disability Inclusive Health Service in Nepal is in place, there are gaps in providing the sexual and reproductive health needs of women with disabilities. There has been limited research exploring the competency and capacity of health care providers on providing sexual and reproductive health services and information for women living with disabilities. Thus, this study aims to explore the competencies of rural healthcare providers in delivering disability inclusive sexual and reproductive health services for women with disabilities.

Methods
The study used qualitative research methodology using thematic research design. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were conducted using semi-structured interview guidelines to obtain information. Data collection was carried out till the data saturation was reached. Inductive coding was done using Dedoose software. The codebook was developed, sub-themes and themes were developed and presented as result of this study.

Results
Knowledge gaps in disability management, procedural skills and biased perception towards sexual and reproductive health need of women with disabilities, were evident among healthcare providers. Additionally, an inadequate skill among health care providers to communicate with women with disabilities for service provision was evident. To address these challenges and enhance the competency of the health care providers there is need for disability management trainings for them. Other important measures such as inclusion of disability and sexual and reproductive health in medical education curriculum, provision of sign language interpreter and disability inclusive information system, decision-making abilities and authority for disability inclusive infrastructure and tool is necessary.

Conclusion
To address the existing challenges for disability inclusive health services, it is essential to strengthen the competency and agency of the healthcare providers, and improve the ecosystem of health institution. For this, it is important for health institutions to be disability inclusive, improved behavior and attitude of health care providers, enhanced clinical knowledge on disability management and procedural skills of healthcare providers. Additionally, improving interpersonal communication skills and decision-making autonomy of health care providers is important for disability inclusive SRH services.
Expanding Digital Security Training to A Wider Audience
Authors: Chen Joseph 
Published: December 2024

With the integration of more digital services into our daily lives comes an increasedvulnerability to digital attacks. My business proposal is a market expansion for cybersecurityconsultation but extended to the average consumer. This would be done by offering professionaladvice, online meetings, and training on safer digital practice. The best way to stay safe on theinternet is to integrate certain practices such as limiting the amount of personal information youshare.
The analysis of this business proposal will be with a SWOT analysis (strengths,weaknesses, opportunities, threats). I am using SWOT as it helps recognize opportunities in themarket and factors that can affect the business. The strength of this proposal is that since there is no physical product, you can focus onthe service side of the operation. Being digital may attract more customers due to the ease ofaccess and you can easily manage your reputation with a PR team (Tjatoerwidya, 2024). Theweakness would be that there may be a lack of interest as this is a service where you pay to learn,especially so for certain demographics. Opportunities that would help would be if digital attacksbecame more impactful and advanced, which would drive people to be more invested in digitalsafety. A possible threat would be if the internet became a lot safer due to authorities crackingdown and succeeding in improving security My recommendations are to build relationships with professionals within thecybersecurity field in order to build a reputation, which would aid in the marketing campaign(Olkkonen, 2000). This could be done by being courteous and humble to establish good firstimpressions (Gasimova, 2016). This would help with the image and success of the proposal.
Electrical Conductivity Mechanisms of the Tm1 – xVxNiSb Semiconductor
Authors: Romaka V.V. , Romaka V.A. , Stadnyk Yu.V. , Romaka L.P. , Horyn A.M. , Demchenko P.Yu. , Pashkevych V.Z. 
Published: December 2024

The structural, thermodynamic, kinetic, and energy characteristics of the Tm1−xVxNiSb semiconductor are studied over T = 80–400 K and 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10. The present study demonstrates that the crystal structure of TmNiSb is disordered and contains up to 2% of vacancies at the 4a crystallographic site (Tm atoms), which are gradually filled with V atoms up to x = 0.03 with further V for Tm substitution. The formation of two types of acceptor states with different depths of occurrence is experimentally determined: small acceptors generated by vacancies in the p-TmNiSb structure, and deep ones presumably formed by the vacancies at the Ni 4c site and correspond to the homogeneity region TmxNi1−xSb typical of other RNiSb half-Heusler phases. The results of the DFT modeling, including ground-state energy, distribution of the density of electronic states (DOS), and the band structure of Tm1−xVxNiSb, are consistent with experimental studies.
Recuperar el buen nombre, la dignidad y la palabra. La audiencia por falsos positivos en Ocaña
Authors: Orozco Abad Iván , Peralta González Laly Catalina , Sánchez Gómez Gonzalo 
Published: December 2024

Esta crónica ―entre descriptiva y analítica― reconstruye el desarrollo de la primera audiencia de reconocimiento de responsabilidad del Caso 03, por “falsos positivos”, que adelantó la JEP entre los días 26 y 27 de abril de 2022 en Ocaña, Norte de Santander. En ella se revisitan la disposición de la escena judicial, las emociones y tensiones que impulsaron y articularon el despliegue de la audiencia, el paso del reconocimiento escrito, en condiciones de reserva, al ritual público, se indaga por su costo moral en términos de exposición al escarnio ―en una escena plagada de observadores y de medios― y se exploran los momentos icónicos de su desarrollo en lo que atañe a las conflictivas, pero casi siempre contenidas, interacciones entre victimarios, víctimas y jueces. El cierre del texto son algunas reflexiones que resumen las conversaciones que los investigadores del proyecto sostuvieron con los comparecientes militares un mes después de la audiencia, en las que se les invitó a reflexionar sobre la experiencia ―ya vivida o apenas imaginada― de confesar y de confrontarse con los jueces y con las víctimas.