bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome maps of young LMC clusters: an additional case of coeval multiple populations
Authors: Saracino S , Martocchia S , Bastian N , Kozhurina-Platais V , Chantereau W , Salaris M , Cabrera-Ziri I , Dalessandro E , Kacharov N , Lardo C , Larsen S S , Platais I 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have revealed that the multiple populations (MPs) phenomenon does not occur only in ancient and massive Galactic globular clusters (GCs), but it is also observed in external galaxies, where GCs sample a wide age range with respect to the Milky Way. However, for a long time, it was unclear whether we were looking at the same phenomenon in different environments or not. The first evidence that the MPs phenomenon is the same regardless of cluster age and host galaxy came out recently, when an intermediate-age cluster from the Small Magellanic Cloud, Lindsay 1, and a Galactic GC have been directly compared. By complementing those data with new images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we extend the comparison to two clusters of different ages: NGC 2121 (∼2.5 Gyr) and NGC 1783 (∼1.5 Gyr), from the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find a clear correlation between the RGB (red giant branch) width in the pseudo-colour CF275W, F343N, F438W and the age of the cluster itself, with the older cluster having larger σ(CF275W, F343N, F438W)RGB and vice versa. Unfortunately, the σ values cannot be directly linked to the N-abundance variations within the clusters before properly taking account the effect of the first dredge-up. Such HST data also allow us to explore whether multiple star formation episodes occurred within NGC 2121. The two populations are indistinguishable, with an age difference of only 6 ± 12 Myr and an initial helium spread of 0.02 or lower. This confirms our previous results, putting serious constraints on any model proposed to explain the origin of the chemical anomalies in GCs.
A spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing nova-like EC 21178−5417 – discovery of spiral density structures
Authors: Khangale Z N , Woudt P A , Potter S B , Warner B , Kilkenny D , van der Heyden K 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We present phase-resolved optical spectroscopy of the eclipsing nova-like cataclysmic variable EC 21178−5417 obtained between 2002 and 2013. The average spectrum of EC 21178−5417 shows broad double-peaked emission lines from He ii 4686 Å (strongest feature) and the Balmer series. The high-excitation feature, C iii/N iii at 4640–4650 Å, is also present and appears broad in emission. A number of other lines, mostly He i, are clearly present in absorption and/or emission. The average spectrum of EC 21178−5417 taken at different months and years shows variability in spectral features, especially in the Balmer lines beyond Hγ, from pure line emission, mixed line absorption, and emission to pure absorption lines. Doppler maps of the He ii 4686 Å emission reveal the presence of a highly inclined asymmetric accretion disc and a two spiral arm-like structure, whereas that of the Balmer lines (Hα and Hβ) reveal a more circular accretion disc. There is no evidence of a bright-spot in the Doppler maps of EC 21178−5417 and no emission from the secondary star is seen in the tomograms of the He ii 4686 Å and Balmer lines. Generally, the emission in EC 21178−5417 is dominated by emission from the accretion disc. We conclude that EC 21178−5417 is a member of the RW Tri or UX UMa subtype of nova-like variables based on these results and because it shows different spectral characteristics at different dates. This spectral behaviour suggests that EC 21178−5417 undergoes distinct variations in mass transfer rate on the observed time-scales of months and years.
Mature Imaging-Based Outcomes Supporting Local Control for Complex Reirradiation Salvage Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Authors: Detsky Jay S , Nguyen Timothy K , Lee Young , Atenafu Eshetu , Maralani Pejman , Husain Zain , Tseng Chia-Lin , Myrehaug Sten , Soliman Hany , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDUpon progression after upfront radiotherapy to spinal metastases, low-dose re-irradiation conventional external beam radiation (cEBRT) provides limited clinical benefit. Spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) allows for dose escalation in the salvage setting with the potential for improved local control.OBJECTIVETo report mature clinical and imaging-based outcomes for salvage SBRT.METHODSA retrospective review was undertaken of consecutive patients with spinal metastases treated with re-irradiation spine SBRT having failed either cEBRT (n = 60 with 1 prior course and n = 17 with 2 or more prior cEBRT courses), or prior SBRT (n = 6) to the same spinal segment. The primary outcome was local failure (LF), and secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and the rate of vertebral compression fracture (VCF).RESULTSA total of 43 patients with 83 spinal segments treated with salvage SBRT were reviewed. The crude risk of LF was 18%, and actuarial LF rates at 6, 12, and 24 mo were 7%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. The presence of extensive paraspinal disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.1, 95% CI 1.5-34) significantly predicted for LF. The median OS was 13.2 (95% CI 6.1-16.3) mo, and the presence of neurological deficits (HR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.8-12.1) and brain metastases (HR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.3) were significant prognostic factors. The crude risk of VCF was 4%, and radiation myelopathy was not observed.CONCLUSIONThese data support the safety and efficacy of spinal re-irradiation with SBRT including patients with prior SBRT and multiple courses of prior cEBRT.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Occipital Neuralgia
Authors: Salmasi Vafi , Olatoye Oludare O , Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman , Hah Jennifer M , Ottestad Einar , Pingree Matthew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic headaches are the second most prevalent disease and second most common cause for years lived with disability worldwide. Occipital neuralgia can cause headaches or be present in addition to other more prevalent causes of headache. If these headaches fail to respond to conservative and pharmacological therapy, physicians proceed to more invasive treatments, starting with infiltration of the greater occipital nerve with local anesthetic with or without corticosteroids, followed by nerve ablation or stimulation. Occipital nerve stimulation gained more popularity as the technology improved and more pain physicians received training on interventional procedures.MethodsIn this manuscript, we are presenting our experience with ultrasound-guided implant of occipital nerve stimulators using peripheral nerve stimulator systems. After confirming appropriateness of treatment by a successful occipital nerve block (i.e., resulting in &gt;50% relief in patients’ pain intensity), we implanted five stimulator systems in three patients (two bilateral).ResultsWe followed these patients for an average of eight months, and the average pain reduction was ∼50%. We did not observe any adverse events during or immediately after surgery. One patient developed an adverse reaction to the adhesive of the battery transmitter, but it was not severe enough to stop her from using the stimulator.ConclusionsConsidering the ease of implant and minimal side effects, implant of peripheral nerve stimulators to stimulate the occipital nerve is a promising treatment modality for patients with chronic headache who present with features of occipital neuralgia. However, wider use of this treatment modality is subject to further studies.
Supersolidity of the $\alpha$ cluster structure in the nucleus $^{12}$C
Authors: Ohkubo S , Takahashi J , Yamanaka Y 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor more than half a century, the structure of $^{12}$C, such as the ground band, has been understood to be well described by the three $\alpha$ cluster model based on a geometrical crystalline picture. On the contrary, recently it has been claimed that the ground state of $^{12}$C is also well described by a nonlocalized cluster model without any of the geometrical configurations originally proposed to explain the dilute gas-like Hoyle state, which is now considered to be a Bose–Einstein condensate of $\alpha$ clusters. The challenging unsolved problem is how we can reconcile the two exclusive $\alpha$ cluster pictures of $^{12}$C, crystalline vs. nonlocalized structure. We show that the crystalline cluster picture and the nonlocalized cluster picture can be reconciled by noticing that they are a manifestation of supersolidity with properties of both crystallinity and superfluidity. This is achieved through a superfluid $\alpha$ cluster model based on effective field theory, which treats the Nambu–Goldstone zero mode rigorously. For several decades, scientists have been searching for a supersolid in nature. Nuclear $\alpha$ cluster structure is considered to be the first confirmed example of a stable supersolid.
Fragmented Recognition: Gender Identity between Moral and Legal Spheres
Authors: Aboim Sofia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With the growing recognition of transgender individuals, gender identity laws are slowly embracing a paradigm in which self-determination becomes an entitlement. As the possibilities for either abolishing or registering multiple genders now seem politically plausible, this article examines global developments and identifies different legal models of identity recognition via a comparison of the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Nepal. Drawing on Axel Honneth’s notion of spheres of recognition and Nancy Fraser’s critique of the identity model of recognition, it is argued that not only does identity recognition implicate misrecognition but also that different forms of recognition work in ways that produce fragmentation and disjunction.
Global Diversification of Anelosimus Spiders Driven by Long-Distance Overwater Dispersal and Neogene Climate Oscillations
Authors: Luo Yufa , Goh Seok P , Li Daiqin , Gonzaga Marcelo O , Santos Adalberto J , Tanikawa Akio , Yoshida Hajime , Haddad Charles R , May-Collado Laura J , Gregorič Matjaž , Turk Eva , Kuntner Matjaž , Agnarsson Ingi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Vicariance and dispersal events, combined with intricate global climatic history, have left an imprint on the spatiotemporal distribution and diversity of many organisms. Anelosimus cobweb spiders (Theridiidae), are organisms ranging in behavior from solitary to highly social, with a cosmopolitan distribution in temperate to tropical areas. Their evolutionary history and the discontinuous distribution of species richness suggest that 1) long-distance overwater dispersal and 2) climate change during the Neogene (23–2.6 Ma), may be major factors in explaining their distribution and diversification. Here, we test these hypotheses, and explicitly test if global Miocene/Pliocene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma affected Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar. To do so, we investigate the phylogeny and spatiotemporal biogeography of Anelosimus through a culmination of a 20-year comprehensive global sampling at the species level (69 species, including 84% of the known 75 species worldwide, represented by 268 individuals) using nucleotide data from seven loci (5.5 kb). Our results strongly support the monophyly of Anelosimus with an Oligocene ($\sim $30 Ma) South American origin. Major clades on other continents originate via multiple, long-distance dispersal events, of solitary or subsocial—but not social—lineages, from the Americas. These intercontinental dispersals were to Africa, Madagascar (twice), and SE Asia/Australasia. The early diversification of Anelosimus spiders coincides with a sudden thermal increase in the late Oligocene ($\sim $27–25 Ma), though no causal connection can be made. Our results, however, strongly support the hypothesis that global Neogene climatic cooling in the last 8 Ma drove Anelosimus radiation in parallel in South America and Madagascar, offering a rare empirical evidence for diversification of a socially diverse group driven by an interplay between long-distance dispersal and global Neogene climatic changes. [Cobweb spiders; diversification; global biogeography; long-distance dispersal; molecular phylogenetics; neogene climate changes; sociality; vicariance.]
Extending the life of a trust estate (“the trust estate”): an Australian viewpoint for UK readers
Authors: Raphael David K L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Variation of a trust deed in any of the States and Territories of Australia by extending its period of operation does not cause the instrument of change to be exigible to ad valorem stamp duty, even if the instrument in question is a resettlement. Likewise, it is also not a resettlement for capital gains tax purposes and, in this respect, it is submitted that the same statements of principle apply in the United Kingdom. Australian law owes much to the laws of the United Kingdom as is made abundantly clear in such Australian texts as Hill on the Duties Act and Jacobs Law of Trusts, Ford & Lee on Trusts, Dal Pont on Trusts and Ong on Trusts. The English texts such as Lewin on Trusts, Underhill & Hayton Law of Trusts and Trustees, and Thomas & Hudson on Trusts are equally helpful to persons seeking knowledge, as also remains the respective 3rd and 4th editions of Scott on Trusts and Scott & Ascher on Trusts. This paper seeks to establish its themes with the aid of extracts from both Australian and United Kingdom decisions. If some seem lengthy, then, in this commentator’s opinion, that length is justified.
Anesthetic Management of Brain-dead Adult and Pediatric Organ Donors: The Harborview Medical Center Experience
Authors: Lele Abhijit V. , Nair Bala G. , Fong Christine , Walters Andrew M. , Souter Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
The exposure of anesthesiologists to organ recovery procedures and the anesthetic technique used during organ recovery has not been systematically studied in the United States.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all adult and pediatric patients who were declared brain dead between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2019, and who progressed to organ donation at Harborview Medical Center. We describe the frequency of directing anesthetic care by attending anesthesiologists, anesthetic technique, and donor management targets during organ recovery.

Results:
In a cohort of 327 patients (286 adults and 41 children), the most common cause of brain death was traumatic brain injury (51.1%). Kidneys (94.4%) and liver (87.4%) were the most common organs recovered. On average, each year, an attending anesthesiologist cared for 1 (range: 1 to 7) brain-dead donor during organ retrieval. The average anesthetic time was 127±53.5 (mean±SD) minutes. Overall, 90% of patients received a neuromuscular blocker, 63.3% an inhaled anesthetic, and 33.9% an opioid. Donor management targets were achieved as follows: mean arterial pressure ≥70 mm Hg (93%), normothermia (96%), normoglycemia (84%), urine output >1 to 3 mL/kg/h (61%), and lung-protective ventilation (58%).

Conclusions:
During organ recovery from brain-dead organ donors, anesthesiologists commonly administer neuromuscular blockers, inhaled anesthetics, and opioids, and strive to achieve donor management targets. While infrequently being exposed to these cases, it is expected that all anesthesiologists be cognizant of the physiological perturbations in brain-dead donors and achieve physiological targets to preserve end-organ function. These findings warrant further examination in a larger multi-institutional cohort.
Postural Control While Listening in Younger and Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Helfer Karen S. , Freyman Richard L. , van Emmerik Richard , Banks Jacob 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
The motivation for this research is to determine whether a listening-while-balancing task would be sensitive to quantifying listening effort in middle age. The premise behind this exploratory work is that a decrease in postural control would be demonstrated in challenging acoustic conditions, more so in middle-aged than in younger adults.

Design:
A dual-task paradigm was employed with speech understanding as one task and postural control as the other. For the speech perception task, participants listened to and repeated back sentences in the presence of other sentences or steady-state noise. Targets and maskers were presented in both spatially-coincident and spatially-separated conditions. The postural control task required participants to stand on a force platform either in normal stance (with feet approximately shoulder-width apart) or in tandem stance (with one foot behind the other). Participants also rated their subjective listening effort at the end of each block of trials.

Results:
Postural control was poorer for both groups of participants when the listening task was completed at a more adverse (vs. less adverse) signal-to-noise ratio. When participants were standing normally, postural control in dual-task conditions was negatively associated with degree of high-frequency hearing loss, with individuals who had higher pure-tone thresholds exhibiting poorer balance. Correlation analyses also indicated that reduced speech recognition ability was associated with poorer postural control in both single- and dual-task conditions. Middle-aged participants exhibited larger dual-task costs when the masker was speech, as compared to when it was noise. Individuals who reported expending greater effort on the listening task exhibited larger dual-task costs when in normal stance.

Conclusions:
Listening under challenging acoustic conditions can have a negative impact on postural control, more so in middle-aged than in younger adults. One explanation for this finding is that the increased effort required to successfully listen in adverse environments leaves fewer resources for maintaining balance, particularly as people age. These results provide preliminary support for using this type of ecologically-valid dual-task paradigm to quantify the costs associated with understanding speech in adverse acoustic environments.
Of Major Complication Types, Only Deep Infections After Spinal Fusion Are Associated With Worse Health-related Outcomes in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Eguia Francisco , Nhan Derek T. , Shah Suken A. , Jain Amit , Samdani Amer F. , Yaszay Burt , Pahys Joshua M. , Marks Michelle C. , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective review.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine whether major postoperative complications (“complications”) are associated with 2-year improvements in Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD) scores after scoliosis surgery, and whether complications and preoperative characteristics predict 2-year improvements in CPCHILD Total score.

Summary of Background Data.
Spinal arthrodesis can halt the progression of spinal deformity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP)-related scoliosis. However, these patients are prone to postoperative complications.

Methods.
Using a multicenter CP registry, we identified 222 patients aged ≤21 years who underwent spinal fusion from 2008 to 2015 and had ≥2-year follow-up. We compared CPCHILD score improvement between 71 patients who had 1 or more complications (“complications group”) versus 151 who did not (“no-complications group”). Complications were deep infections, thromboembolic events, and cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic complications. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of 2-year postoperative CPCHILD score improvement (alpha = 0.05).

Results.
At 2-year follow-up, the complications group had similar mean improvement in CPCHILD score across all domains compared with the no-complications group (P > 0.05). When stratifying by complication type, deep infection was associated with less improvement in CPCHILD Comfort and Emotions (P = 0.02), Quality of Life (P < 0.01), and Total (P = 0.04) scores. When controlling for Gross Motor Function Classification System subcategory, age, and body mass index, only preoperative CPCHILD Total score and postoperative deep infection (F[4, 176] = 14; P < 0.0001; R
2 = 0.24) predicted 2-year improvement in CPCHILD Total score. Higher preoperative Total score and postoperative deep infection independently predicted less improvement in Total score.

Conclusion.
Postoperative deep infection and higher preoperative CPCHILD Total score independently predicted less improvement in CPCHILD Total score. Other major postoperative complications were not associated with differences in 2-year postoperative improvements in CPCHILD scores across all domains.

Level of Evidence: 3
New Onset Depression and Anxiety After Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Bekeris Janis , Wilson Lauren A. , Fiasconaro Megan , Poeran Jashvant , Liu Jiabin , Girardi Federico , Memtsoudis Stavros G. 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective database study.

Objective.
We sought to investigate trends and risk factors for new-onset anxiety and/or depression within 6 months after elective spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Surgery represents a stressful experience associated with a number of physiological and psychological consequences. A subset of patients develop clinically significant symptoms of new-onset anxiety or depression. However, the incidence of and risk factors for these adverse outcomes after spine surgery remain ill-defined.

Methods.
We performed a retrospective analysis including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and posterior lumbar fusion cases from 2012 to 2015, utilizing the Truven MarketScan database. Primary outcomes were new-onset depression, new-onset anxiety, and new-onset depression and/or anxiety after surgery. Potential risk factors included patient demographics, comorbidities, hospital and procedural characteristics as well as perioperative opioid regimens. Multivariable logistic regression models measured associations between risk factors and outcomes. Odds ratios (OR) were reported and results with P < 0.0167 were considered statistically significant.

Results.
Among 39,495 unique patients, overall incidence of new-onset depression and anxiety was 6% and 11.2%, respectively. In adjusted analyses, significant risk factors across all three outcomes included chronic opioid use (ORs ranging from 1.31 to 2.93; P < 0.01), female sex (ORs ranging from 1.25 to 1.67; P < 0.01), longer length of stay (ORs ranging from 1.05 to 1.08; P < 0.01), and readmission within 6 months of surgery (OR ranging from 1.31 to 1.68; P < 0.01).

Conclusion.
We identified several risk factors contributing to increased odds of new-onset depression and/or anxiety after spine fusion surgery. These data may aid the implementation of preventative measures among identified high-risk patients.

Level of Evidence: 3