bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID Term: A Bilingual Terminology for COVID-19
Authors: Ma Hetong , Shen Liu , Sun Haixia , Xu Zidu , Hou Li , Wu Sizhu , Fang An , Li Jiao , Qian Qing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has shown its destructiveness with more than one million confirmed cases and dozens of thousands of death, which is highly contagious and still spreading globally. World-wide studies have been conducted aiming to understand COVID-19 mechanism, transmission, clinical features, etc. A cross-language terminology of COVID-19 is essential for improving knowledge sharing and scientific discovery dissemination.Methods We developed a bilingual terminology of COVID-19 with mapping Chinese and English terms. The terminology construction follows the workflow (1) Classification schema design; (2) Concepts and sub-concepts assignment; (3) Terminology editing strategy; (4) Terminology property development; (5) Online deployment. We built open access for the terminology named as COVID Term, providing search, browse, and download services.Results The proposed COVID Term include 10 categories: disease, anatomic site, clinical manifestation, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, living organism, qualifiers, psychological assistance, medical equipment, instruments and materials, epidemic prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment technique respectively. In total, COVID Terms covered 464 concepts with 724 Chinese terms and 887 English terms. All terms are openly accessible online (COVID Term: http://covidterm.imicams.ac.cn ).Conclusions COVID Term is a bilingual terminology focused on COVID-19, the epidemic pneumonia with a high risk of infection around the world. It will provide updated bilingual terms of the disease to help health providers and medical professionals retrieve and exchange information and knowledge in multiple languages. COVID Term was released in machine-readable formats (e.g., XML and JSON), which would contribute to the machine translation and advanced intelligent techniques.
Transcriptional analysis of lung epithelial cells using WGCNA revealed the role of IRF9 and IFI6 genes in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
Authors: Karami Hassan , Derakhshani Afshin , Fereidouni Mohammad , Miri-Moghaddam Ebrahim , Baradaran Behzad , Silvestris Nicola , Paradiso Angelo Virgilio , Safarpour Hossein , Summa Simona De 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an ongoing global health emergence, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis to comprehensively characterize transcriptional changes in bronchial epithelium cells (NHBE and A549 cells) during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our analysis identified a network highly correlated to COVID-19 pathogenicity based on MX1, IFIT1, ISG15, IFI6, DDX60, IRF9, PARP9, PGLYRP4, IL36G, SAA2 and IL-8 hub genes. The results also indicated a unique transcriptional signatures of infected cells including IFI6 and IRF9 as novel gene candidates and suggested their prospective mechanism in COVID-19 pathogenesis. The result of hub genes enrichment showed that the most correlation topic in biological process and KEGG were type I interferon signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, cytokine mediated signaling pathway, and defense response to virus categories which all play significant roles in restricting viral infection. Also according to the drug-target network, we recognized 54 FDA-approved drug candidates for other indications could potentially use for the treatment of COVID-19 patients through regulation of six hub genes of the co-expression network. Our findings also showed that the 19 experimentally validated miRNAs regulated the co-expression network through 5 hub genes (SLC19A3, FAM13A, PLA2G16, and HRASLS5). In conclusion, these hub genes had potential roles in the translational medicine and might become promising therapeutic targets further in vitro and in vivo experimental studies are needed to evaluate the role of above mentioned genes in COVID-19.
Complex electron and positron phases at the Φ-Factory DAΦNE
Authors: Balzo Gianluigi Zangari del 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Particle accelerators play a fundamental role in many technological and scientific fields, both for fundamental research, as in the case of high-energy physics, and for interdisciplinary applications, such as in the case of synchrotron radiation sources or proton accelerators in medical field. Most accelerators have a critical frequency in the X-ray region: for example, in the case of the Φ-Factory DAΦNE at Frascati National Laboratories, λc falls into soft X-rays, for a wavelength of about 6 nm. This feature is important for diagnostic applications that generally employ frequencies in the visible region, where it is easier to design focusing optics. This work concerns the discovery of a time-domain "anomaly" in the Infra-Red synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons and positrons from both the DAΦNE Φ-Factory (Frascati National Laboratories, Italy) and HFL (Hefei Light Source at NSRL(National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, People’s Republic of China). The study was conducted with an unconventional statistical category calculus system, developed and patented by the present author for the analysis of complex systems. The "anomaly" has been resolved in the IR synchrotron radiation emission profile of each single bunch of electrons and positrons, in two distinct waveforms, one of which is "delayed" by a few hundred of ps with respect to the other. A detailed and in-depth analysis excludes that the anomaly is the result of systematic errors The measured time differences between the two signals leads to an apparent discrepancy in the value of the speed of light in vacuum. A study of the anomaly with time series, based on considerations about the coherent emission of synchrotron radiation (CSR), allows us to exclude the validity of the "rigid bunch" model (J. Schwinger 1945) We therefore propose a model called "CFNM" (Coherent Fractal Nematic Mesophase), based on considerations of statistical mechanics of complex systems, exploiting the (strong) analogies with the nematic mesophase of liquid crystals. This model could have significant consequences in the study, modeling and measurement of the operating parameters of future machines and collectors of accelerators, in particular with regard to emission and brightness.
Modelling global public health strategies in COVID-19 pandemic using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hyunjung Kwak Gloria , Ling Lowell , Hui Pan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rationale: Unprecedented public health measures have been used during this coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic but with a cost to economic and social disruption. It is a challenge to implement timely and appropriate public health interventions.Objectives: This study evaluates the timing and intensity of public health policies in each country and territory in the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether machine learning can help them to find better global health strategies.Methods: Population and COVID-19 epidemiological data between 21st January 2020 to 7th April 2020 from 183 countries and 78 territories were included with the implemented public health interventions. We used deep reinforcement learning, and the model was trained to try to find the optimal public health strategies with maximizing total reward on controlling spread of COVID-19. The results proposed by the model were analyzed against the actual timing and intensity of lockdown and travel restrictions.Measurements and Main Results: Early implementation of the actual lockdown and travel restriction policies were associated with gradually groups of less severe crisis severity, relative to local index case date in each country or territory, not to 31st December 2019. However, our model suggested to initiate at least minimal intensity of lockdown or travel restriction even before index cases in each country and territory. In addition, the model mostly recommended a combination of lockdown and travel restrictions and higher intensity policies than the implemented policies by government, but did not always encourage rapid full lockdown and full border closures.Conclusion: Compared to actual government implementation, our model mostly recommended earlier and higher intensity of lockdown and travel restrictions. Machine learning may be used as a decision support tool for implementation of public health interventions during COVID-19 and future pandemics.
Family-focused quality of life assessment and its implications for children’s social welfare: an ecological validity context
Authors: Grubliauskienė Jūratė , Vaičekauskaitė Rita , Babarskienė Jurgita 
Published: May 2020

The relationship between the quality of life and social welfare is of shared taxonomy, therefore it is difficult to define unambiguously. It is hard to imagine social welfare without the quality of life, but in order to put the quality of life into practice, we need the context of social welfare. For children’s social welfare, family and the way it creates quality of life is central. However, we lack instruments to evaluate children’s quality of life with family-focused approach. For that purpose, we introduce KIDSCREEN52 survey with 1763 children (aged 8-18 years old) and 1564 parents. Moreover, we raise the question of ecological validity, firstly, because there is a need to develop measurements that are closer to real life situations, in order to productively contribute to the ensuring of children’s social welfare.
Putting Performance and Kinematics Differ with Skill Level in Female Golfers
Authors: Wu Yen-Lei , Huang Chen-Fu , Marquardt Christian , Wang Hung-Tsung 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Female professional golf tours are gaining popularity around the world; there are key performance factors that are related to high performance on the female professional tour, like “driving distance and accuracy” and “putting per round”. However, there is a lack of research on the putting kinematics of female golfers with a lack of understanding the differences between the skill levels of female golfers.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the putting performance and kinematics across three skill levels of female golfers.

Methods:
A total of one hundred and forty-nine right-handed female golfers were divided into three groups based on their playing skill levels: 64 professional tour golfers, 46 national team level golfers, and 39 college level golfers. Each participant executed seven putts on a straight, three meter indoor artificial turf. The three-dimensional kinematic data of each putt were captured using a high-precision ultrasound system (70Hz*3) (SAM PuttLab, Science&Motion Sports).

Results:
Significant differences were found between the three groups of female golfers in the face angle at impact (p<0.000), putter path at impact (p<0.000), vertical impact spot (p<0.000), rise angle (p<0.000), backswing duration (p<0.000), impact duration (p<0.000) and downswing duration (p<0.000). Additionally, the female professional golfers were more efficient than amateurs golfers on putter path (g=.-645), vertical impact spot (g=.707), rise angle (g=.878), shaft angle (g=-.602), backswing duration (g=-.512), impact duration (g=-.873), and downswing duration (g=.752). There were no differences between skill groups with horizontal impact spot, velocity at impact, backswing displacement, downswing displacement and face rotation from the top of backswing to impact.

Conclusion:
Our findings concluded that female professional golfers have a precise face angle and putter path relative to the target, with an upward stroke through impact, and a high impact spot on the putter, a shorter duration of the backswing time and time to impact, and a longer downswing. The study did not find significant differences in velocity at impact and swing phase displacement between the skill levels, which were found in previous studies on male golfers. There were differences in putting kinematics found between female and male professional golfers. Overall, female professionals have better putting performance, more precise direction, and optimized putting distance parameter control. These findings can be used as a guideline for golf coaching of female golfers. Future studies can focus on different distances, slopes, and additional skill levels.
Innovation, Artificial Intelligence in Contingent Work-Force Management
Authors: Matonya Michael M. 
Published: May 2020

In recent years, the global use of contingent workers is rapidly increasing despite the increasing quantity of artificial intelligence applications in business. The question is "how these companies leverage the use of artificial intelligence to enhance contingent workforce's management?". The ideal goal of this paper is to develop a purely conceptual application of innovation, artificial intelligence (AI) adjacent to contingent workforce management(CWM). The researcher used qualitative information gathered from various authors and observations to reinforce the usage of AI. One of the critical tools to integrate with contingent workforce management for reduction of time spent on human resource administrative tasks is AI. There must be a transformation of thinking, accepting positive organizational change, utilization of technology and openness to new technology to foster AI. Along with that, integrating contingent workforce management with AI reduces risks and costs, increases efficiency and quality of work. Innovation and Artificial intelligence have been used in five pillars performance of contingent workforce management to mitigate the challenges associated with it.
DA RADIODIFUSÃO PARA O AUDIOVISUAL: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A DEFINIÇÃO DE UM CONCEITO ABRANGENTE EM TEMPOS DE CONVERGÊNCIA MIDIÁTICA
Authors: NAPOLITANO Carlo José , LEITE Flávia Piva Almeida , MATEUS Felipe De Oliveira 
Published: May 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: Indicar contribuições teóricas de documentos jurídicos e do campo comunicacional, nacionais e estrangeiros, para a superação do conceito de radiodifusão e sua ampliação para o conceito de audiovisual em um ambiente de convergência midiática. Metodologia: O presente trabalho lastreado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental utiliza-se de método analítico-sistemático dedutivo objetivando demonstrar as questões e apontar as contribuições teóricas, jurídicas e do campo comunicacional, e de documentos nacionais e estrangeiros acerca da temática. Resultados: A teoria e a legislação portuguesa, acrescidas das diretivas europeias sobre o audiovisual, podem contribuir para a definição de um conceito mais amplo de radiodifusão na legislação brasileira, ampliando-se o conceito para além do espectro eletromagnético, abarcando todo e qualquer serviço de comunicação social audiovisual, independente do suporte tecnológico. Contribuições: Uma definição e clarificação conceitual, necessária em tempos de convergência midiática e internacionalização dos mercados; fatos que impactam a regulação local, alterando a configuração do direito interno, em regra e historicamente pautado pelos aspectos arquitetônicos e estruturais de limitação do espectro eletromagnético, que caminha para uma regulação voltada ao conteúdo. Palavras-chave: Constituição; televisão; radiodifusão; convergência midiática; comunicação social. ABSTRACT Objective: To indicate theoretical contributions of legal documents and of the communication field, national and foreign, to overcome the concept of broadcasting and its expansion to the concept of audiovisual in an environment of media convergence. Methodology: The present paper backed by bibliographic and documentary research uses a deductive analytical-systematic method in order to demonstrate the issues and point out the theoretical, legal and communicational contributions, and of national and foreign documents on the subject.Results: The theory and Portuguese legislation, in addition to the European directives on audiovisual, can contribute to the definition of a broader concept of broadcasting in Brazilian legislation, expanding the concept beyond the electromagnetic spectrum, encompassing any and all broadcasting services, audiovisual media, regardless of technological support. Contributions: A definition and a conceptual clarification, necessary in times of media convergence and internationalization of markets; facts that impact local regulation, changing the configuration of domestic law, as a rule and historically guided by architectural and structural aspects of limitation of the electromagnetic spectrum, which moves towards regulation geared to content. Keywords: Constitution; television; broadcasting; media convergence; social communication.
Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Authors: Fisk Malcolm , Livingstone Anne , Pit Sabrina Winona 
Published: May 2020

Background
On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. On that date, there were 134,576 reported cases and 4981 deaths worldwide. By March 26, 2020, just 2 weeks later, reported cases had increased four-fold to 531,865, and deaths increased five-fold to 24,073. Older people are both major users of telehealth services and are more likely to die as a result of COVID-19.

Objective
This paper examines the extent that Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, during the 2 weeks following the pandemic announcement, sought to promote telehealth as a tool that could help identify COVID-19 among older people who may live alone, be frail, or be self-isolating, and give support to or facilitate the treatment of people who are or may be infected.

Methods
This paper reports, for the 2-week period previously mentioned and immediately prior, on activities and initiatives in the three countries taken by governments or their agencies (at national or state levels) together with publications or guidance issued by professional, trade, and charitable bodies. Different sources of information are drawn upon that point to the perceived likely benefits of telehealth in fighting the pandemic. It is not the purpose of this paper to draw together or analyze information that reflects growing knowledge about COVID-19, except where telehealth is seen as a component.

Results
The picture that emerges for the three countries, based on the sources identified, shows a number of differences. These differences center on the nature of their health services, the extent of attention given to older people (and the circumstances that can relate to them), the different geographies (notably concerned with rurality), and the changes to funding frameworks that could impact these. Common to all three countries is the value attributed to maintaining quality safeguards in the wider context of their health services but where such services are noted as sometimes having precluded significant telehealth use.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes and may help to establish telehealth more firmly in its aftermath. Some of the changes may not be long-lasting. However, the momentum is such that telehealth will almost certainly find a stronger place within health service frameworks for each of the three countries and is likely to have increased acceptance among both patients and health care providers.
Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on the Uptake of a Popular Smoking Cessation App in UK Smokers: Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Perski Olga , Herbeć Aleksandra , Shahab Lion , Brown Jamie 
Published: May 2020

Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak may motivate smokers to attempt to stop in greater numbers. However, given the temporary closure of UK stop smoking services and vape shops, smokers attempting to quit may instead seek out mobile health support, such as smartphone apps.

Objective
We examined, using an interrupted time series approach, whether the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a step change or increasing trend in UK downloads of an otherwise popular smoking cessation app, Smoke Free.

Methods
Data were from daily and nondaily adult smokers in the United Kingdom who had downloaded the Smoke Free app between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020 (secondary analysis). The outcome variable was the number of downloads aggregated at the 12-hourly (primary analysis) or daily level (secondary analysis). The explanatory variable was the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, operationalized as March 1, 2020 (primary analysis), and January 15, 2020 (secondary analysis). Generalized additive mixed models adjusted for relevant covariates were fitted.

Results
Data were collected on 45,105 (primary analysis) and 119,881 (secondary analysis) users. In both analyses, there was no evidence for a step change or increasing trend in downloads attributable to the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Calculation of Bayes factors (BFs) indicated that the data for the primary analysis favored the null hypothesis compared with large associations (for level, BF=0.25; for slope, BF=0.26) but were insensitive to the detection of small associations (for level, BF=0.78; for slope, BF=1.35).

Conclusions
In the United Kingdom, between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2020, and between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, there was no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a large step change or increasing trend in downloads of a popular smoking cessation app. Findings on the association of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with a small step change or increasing trend were inconclusive.
Harmonisation through Neglect: The Federal Nature of European Employment Policy
Authors: Preece Daniel V. 
Published: May 2020

This paper proposes using the methodological perspective of critical federalism, constructed by merging the theoretical framework of critical political economy with the analytical approach of co-operative federalism, to understand the harmonisation and operation of employment policy within the EU. By choosing to not actively integrate employment policy, the ad hoc approach pursued by the member - states has led to a sharing of competency between the member - states and the EU that mimics the relationship found between central and regional governments in a federal system. In the first section, this paper outlines how the emphasis on national competence has shaped the integration of national employment policies into a nascent federal system. In the second section, this paper constructs the methodological perspective of critical federalism and in the final section, this paper concludes by identifying the federal characteristics of the current operation of European employment policy.
Full article available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v1i1.157