bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐P granulites of the Songshugou area (Qinling Orogen, east‐central China): Petrography, phase relations, and U/Pb zircon geochronology
Authors: Bader Thomas , Zhang Lifei , Li Xiaowei , Xia Bin , Franz Leander , de Capitani Christian , Li Qingyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh‐pressure (HP) granulites provide telling records of mineral reactions at upper mantle to lower crustal levels and key information on the fate of material in subduction systems. The latter especially applies when they abut eclogite and mantle dunite because such rock associations are crucial for understanding the incompletely known processes at the interface of converging plates. A continental arc, active c. 520–395 Ma ago, formed an enigmatic example of such a rock association in the Songshugou area, Qinling Orogen. To unravel the juxtaposition of the distinct rocks, this study combines petrography, phase equilibria modelling, conventional thermobarometry, and zircon U–Th–Pb–Ti–REE analysis. Two mafic HP granulites, which contain the mineral assemblages garnet–clinopyroxene–plagioclase–rutile–mesoperthite–quartz and garnet–clinopyroxene–plagioclase–rutile, experienced peak metamorphic conditions of ≤1.4 GPa, 860°C and ~1.3 GPa, ≥910°C, respectively. During decompression and cooling, at 489 ± 4 Ma, amphibole lamellae unmixed from a clinopyroxene solid solution and orthopyroxene in part replaced garnet. A felsic HP granulite shows equilibration of garnet, perthite, antiperthite, kyanite, quartz, and rutile at 810–860°C, ~1.2 GPa, sillimanite growth during decompression, and upper amphibolite facies cooling at 510 ± 4 Ma. Though the thermobarometric data are just within the methodological errors, the U/Pb zircon ages imply the HP granulites did not evolve coherently. The HP granulites either represent foundered lower arc crust or originated from subduction erosion because their geochemistry is indistinguishable from that of the hanging‐wall plate. Published and new pressure–temperature–time–deformation paths converge at ~710°C, ~0.9 GPa, and ≲470 Ma, implying exhumation tectonics juxtaposed the HP granulites with a mélange of eclogite and mantle dunite at lower crustal levels. This study highlights that lower arc crust can comprise material of diverse evolution.
Fracture risk after three bariatric surgery procedures in Swedish obese subjects: up to 26 years follow‐up of a controlled intervention study
Authors: Ahlin S. , Peltonen M. , Sjöholm K. , Anveden Å. , Jacobson P. , Andersson‐Assarsson J. C. , Taube M. , Larsson I. , Lohmander L. S. , Näslund I. , Svensson P‐A. , Carlsson L. M. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported an increased fracture risk after bariatric surgery.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between different bariatric surgery procedures and fracture risk.MethodsIncidence rates and hazard ratios for fracture events were analysed in the Swedish Obese Subjects study; an ongoing, nonrandomized, prospective, controlled intervention study. Hazard ratios were adjusted for risk factors for osteoporosis and year of inclusion. Information on fracture events were captured from the Swedish National Patient Register. The current analysis includes 2007 patients treated with bariatric surgery (13.3% gastric bypass, 18.7% gastric banding, and 68.0% vertical banded gastroplasty) and 2040 control patients with obesity matched on group level based on 18 variables. Median follow‐up was between 15.1 and 17.9 years for the different treatment groups.ResultsDuring follow‐up, the highest incidence rate for first‐time fracture was observed in the gastric bypass group (22.9 per 1000 person‐years). The corresponding incidence rates were 10.4, 10.7 and 9.3 per 1000 person‐years for the vertical banded gastroplasty, gastric banding and control groups, respectively. The risk of fracture was increased in the gastric bypass group compared with the control group (adjusted hazard ratio [adjHR] 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–3.31;P < 0.001), the gastric banding group (adjHR 1.99; 95%CI 1.41–2.82;P < 0.001), and the vertical banded gastroplasty group (adjHR 2.15; 95% CI 1.66–2.79;P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe risk of fracture is increased after gastric bypass surgery. Our findings highlight the need for long‐term follow‐up of bone health for patients undergoing this treatment.
Ethnic influence on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence and lack of disease awareness in the United States, 2011–2016
Authors: Le M. H. , Yeo Y. H. , Cheung R. , Wong V. W.-S. , Nguyen M. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising global disease associated with clinical and economic burdens.ObjectivesWe aimed to quantify NAFLD prevalence and awareness to provide stakeholders necessary information to combat NAFLD burden.MethodsThis study utilizes data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 and included 4538 adult participants who did not have heavy drinking or viral hepatitis history. The US fatty liver index defined NAFLD and NAFLD fibrosis score defined fibrosis. NAFLD awareness was captured by questionnaire.ResultsAmongst the study population of 4538 persons, NAFLD prevalence was 32.5%, lowest in non‐Hispanic Blacks (18.0%) and Asians (18.1%), highest amongst Mexican Americans (48.4%). Within the NAFLD group, advanced fibrosis was highest in non‐Hispanic Blacks (28.5%) and lowest amongst non‐Hispanic Asians (2.7%). Of the 1473 (97.5%) NAFLD participants who answered NAFLD awareness question, 90% visited a healthcare centre at least once in the past year, but only 5.1% were aware of having NAFLD. On weighted population estimates, 77.33 million persons had NAFLD, 17.63 million had advanced fibrosis, and 73.39 million NAFLD participants were not aware of having NAFLD.ConclusionsOf 77.33 million people in the United States have NAFLD with 17.63 million having advanced fibrosis, with lowest prevalence in non‐Hispanic Asians and highest in Mexican Americans. A conundrum exists amongst non‐Hispanic Blacks who have low NAFLD prevalence but highest prevalence of advanced fibrosis. Awareness of NAFLD was low across all ethnicities. Effort is needed to improve disease awareness whilst addressing NAFLD clinical burden across ethnicities.
Clinical and molecular insights into BCG immunotherapy for melanoma
Authors: Kremenovic M. , Schenk M. , Lee D. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe incidence of cutaneous melanoma and the mortality rate of advanced melanoma patients continue to rise globally. Despite the recent success of immunotherapy including ipilimumab and pembrolizumab checkpoint inhibitors, a large proportion of patients are refractory to such treatment modalities. The application of mycobacteria such as Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of various malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma, has been clearly demonstrated after almost a century of observations and experimentation. Intralesional BCG (IL‐BCG) immunotherapy is a highly efficient and cost‐effective treatment option for inoperable stage III in‐transit melanoma, as recommended in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. IL‐BCG has shown great efficacy in the regression of directly injected metastatic melanoma lesions, as well as distal noninjected nodules in immunocompetent patients. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that BCG serves as a strong immune modulator, inducing the recruitment of various immune cells that contribute to antitumour immunity. However, the specific mechanism of BCG‐mediated tumour immunity remains poorly understood. Comparative genome analyses have revealed that different BCG strains exhibit distinct immunological activity and virulence, which might impact the therapeutic response and clinical outcome of patients. In this review, we discuss the immunostimulatory potential of different BCG substrains and highlight clinical studies utilizing BCG immunotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Furthermore, the review focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the BCG‐induced immune responses of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Furthermore, the review discussed the administration of BCG as a monotherapy or in combination with other immunotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic agents.
Exploring the Mechanisms Through Which Social Ties Affect Fertility Decisions in Turkey
Authors: Kavas Serap , de Jong Julie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is extensive evidence that social interactions within different types of social ties affect fertility decisions and behavior both in western and nonwestern settings, there is no available data to evaluate the impact within the Middle Eastern context, leading to difficulty in explaining fully the ways in which interactions in personal networks influence fertility behavior among the region's populations.AimsThis study aims to explore the mechanisms through which social ties affect fertility decisions in Turkey. We examine various social mechanisms such as social support, social pressure,social influence and social learning to explore how and why these mechanisms exert influence on women's fertility decision‐making processes.MethodUsing semi‐structured interviewing (N = 51),the study draws on mothers' retrospective accounts of the childbearing process and current intentions for higher order births.ResultsOur findings point to the substantial role played by family networks in women's fertility behavior in Turkey. While family and nonfamily network partners stimulate social pressure and social influence respectively, social support exclusively operates through family members. Also, the majority of social learning occurs within the family. Our findings also show how kin and non‐kin network partners operate through these mechanisms and differentially influence specific stages of the fertility process such as the transition to parenthood and parity progression.ConclusionThe overarching finding of this study is that the personal networks have effects on fertility decisions in Turkey. Our findings pointed to the role of the social and cultural context of the Middle Eastern setting where childbearing is a substantive issue that matters to extended family and the community. An important contribution of this study is that it is the first of its kind to explore social mechanisms vis‐à‐vis fertility decision‐making in the Middle Eastern context and provides a nonwestern and comparative perspective to the research in this area.
HSP105 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological features and outcomes
Authors: Arvanitidou Souzana , Martinelli‐Kläy Carla P. , Samson Jacky , Lobrinus Johannes A. , Dulguerov Nicolas , Lombardi Tommaso 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are released in response to stress situations, such as heat, inflammation, and infection. They are also involved in the tumor cell proliferation and prevention of apoptosis. Heat shock protein 105 (Hsp105/110) is a high‐molecular‐weight protein, which has been reported in many cancer types but few studies have been carried out on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the current study, we have focused on HSP105 expression on OSCC and evaluated their correlation with tumor clinicopathological parameters and patients' survival.MethodsA retrospective study included 70 patients with OSCC of which 50 patients (71.4%) were male and 20 (28.6%) were female. The patient's information, including age, location, TNM stage, histological grade, regional metastasis, recurrence, and survival, were collected. Immunohistochemical staining for HSP105 was performed. The healthy oral mucosa (n = 10) was used as a control. The staining intensity and percentage of stained cells were semi‐quantitatively evaluated, and HSP105 expression was correlated with tumor clinicopathological features and patient survival.ResultsStatistical analysis for HSP105 showed that there was no significant correlation with tumor clinicopathological features. However, HSP105 overexpression was associated with a decrease in the duration of patients' survival (P = .042).ConclusionThis result suggests that the increased expression of the HSP105 in the OSCC could be a prognostic factor for malignancy.
Digital Workflow for Producing Oral Positioning Radiotherapy Stents for Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Bruno Julia Stephanie , Miranda‐Silva Wanessa , Guedes Victor da Silva , Parahyba Claudia Joffily , Moraes Fabio Ynoe de , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOral positioning radiotherapy stents are devices that protect healthy structures adjacent to the target volume of head and neck radiotherapy treatment, leading to reduced acute and chronic side effects. This study describes a digital workflow to produce an oral positioning radiotherapy stent and analyze its efficacy by measuring dosimetric variations with and without this stent. An oral positioning radiotherapy stent was created according to a digital workflow that included intraoral scanning, digital design, and 3D printing for a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. The patient underwent computed tomography to evaluate radiotherapy treatment by intensity‐modulated radiation therapy with and without the use of the 3D‐printed oral stent. The use of a 3D‐printed oral positioning radiotherapy stent is a feasible and reproducible technique that reduced the planning target volume and radiation doses delivered to the hard palate, right parotid gland, and left parotid gland by 42%, 21%, and 8.5%, respectively.
Information sharing in neonatal intensive care: Parental perceptions and preferences
Authors: Williams Logan , I'Anson Julie , Malarkey Moira , Purcell Anevili , de Vries Nathalie , McKinlay Christopher 
Published: March 2020

AimInformation sharing is a key component of family‐centred care, which has traditionally occurred through patient information leaflets. Although patients' access to health information is rapidly changing with internet and mobile technologies, there are few data on parents' perception and preferences for information sharing. Our aim was to evaluate parents' perception of information sharing in neonatal care, to determine parents' preferred medium for health information and to identify priority content for inclusion in a smartphone application.MethodsParents at Kidz First Neonatal Care (KFNC) were eligible to take part in our survey, which comprised five sections: (i) demographics, (ii) information in neonatal care, (iii) printed information in neonatal care, (iv) parental views about development of a neonatal smartphone application and (v) general feedback. Parental satisfaction with information sharing in KFNC was assessed with a modified version of the Empowerment of Parents in the Intensive Care‐neonatology questionnaire. Descriptive and summary statistics were calculated, and free text data were analysed by content analysis.ResultsForty‐one surveys were received, with 62% completed by mothers. Parents were supportive of electronic information, with 88% highly scoring the question ‘I would download and use a free neonatal care app’. However, parental views on the need to continue printed material if a neonatal care smartphone application was provided were mixed. Of those parents who provided free‐text recommendations, priority content included information about neonatal conditions, preparing for discharge and available supports.ConclusionParents had positive perceptions of information sharing in neonatal care and were strongly supportive of the introduction of a neonatal phone application.
Performance of an Escherichia coli phytase expressed in Lactococcus lactis on nutrient retention, bone traits and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarat Masoud , Kermanshahi Hassan , Nasiri Mogaddam Hassan , Majidzadeh Heravi Reza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe availability of plant phosphorus in the gut chicken can be improved by increasing phosphorus retention using phytase enzyme or a probiotic with phytase activity as an alternative. In this study, the efficacy of a recombinant probiotic, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), with a potential of phytase production was evaluated in broiler chickens. To this aim, 360 one‐day‐old male broiler Cobb 500 were divided into six treatments with six replicates and reared to 42 days of age. The experimental treatments included positive control diet containing adequate phosphorus (PC), negative control diet containing reduced available phosphorus (NC), negative control diet involving recombinant L. lactis (RLL), negative control diet containing both recombinant L. lactis and Lactobacillus salivarius (RLL + LBS), negative control diet including non‐recombinant L. lactis (LL) and negative control diet containing Hostazym®. Growth performance, total tract apparent disappearance of phytate‐P and nutrient retention, mineral content of the tibia and histomorphology of jejunum were evaluated at the age of 35 days. Based on the results, the phosphorus (P) deficiency in the diet reduced body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), length and strength of tibia and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to PC group. However, the supplementation of Hostazym® or RLL probiotic into the feed improved BW, ADG, FCR, disappearance of Phytate‐P and retention of P, length and strength of the tibia in a level similar to PC treatment. Phosphorus content of tibia in the chickens fed P‐deficient diets containing RLL was similar to that of the tibia in the control group. Excreta phytate and total P excretion of the chickens decreased when diets contained Hostazym®, RLL and RLL + LBS. In addition, the diet containing RLL + LBS probiotic increased villi height compared with other treatments (p < .05). Further, recombinant L. lactis could represent phytase activity in the gut environment of the chickens and could be an alternative to the commercial phytase.
Fecal microbiota in horses with asthma
Authors: Leclere Mathilde , Costa Marcio C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal microbiota can be influenced by several factors, including diet and systemic inflammation, and in turn could act as a modulator of the allergic response. Fecal microbiota of horses with asthma has not been described.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAnalyze the bacterial fecal microbiota of horses with and without asthma under different environment and diet conditions, during both remission and exacerbation.MethodsProspective observational study. Feces from 6 asthmatic and 6 healthy horses were collected under 3 different conditions: on pasture, housed indoors receiving good quality hay (“good hay”), and housed indoors receiving poor quality hay (“dusty hay”). Sequencing was performed using an Illumina MiSeq platform and data were processed using the software mothur v.1.41.3 and LEfSe.ResultsIn horses with asthma, low‐abundance bacteria were more affected by changes in environment and diet (ie, when horses were experiencing an exacerbation), as shown by changes in membership and results from the LEfSe analysis. There was a significant increase in the relative abundance of Fibrobacter in healthy horses eating hay, a change that was not observed in horses with asthma.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe intestinal microbiota of horses with asthma does not adapt in the same way to changes in diet and environment compared to the microbiota of healthy horses. Mechanisms explaining how airway obstruction and inflammation could influence the intestinal microbiota and how in turn this microbiota could modulate systemic inflammation in asthmatic horses deserves further investigation.
Aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor in renal injury: A potential therapeutic target in feline chronic kidney disease
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Wheeler‐Jones Caroline , Elliott Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence supporting mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation as a powerful mediator of renal damage in laboratory animals and humans. Multiple pathophysiological mechanisms are proposed, with the strongest evidence supporting aldosterone‐induced vasculopathy, exacerbation of oxidative stress and inflammation, and increased growth factor signalling promoting fibroblast proliferation and deranged extracellular matrix homeostasis. Further involvement of the MR is supported by extensive animal model experiments where MR antagonists (such as spironolactone and eplerenone) abrogate renal injury, including ischaemia‐induced damage. Additionally, clinical trials have shown MR antagonists to be beneficial in human chronic kidney disease (CKD) in terms of reducing proteinuria and cardiovascular events, though current studies have not evaluated primary end points which allow conclusions to made about whether MR antagonists reduce mortality or slow CKD progression. Although differences between human and feline CKD exist, feline CKD shares many characteristics with human disease including tubulointerstitial fibrosis. This review evaluates the evidence for the role of the MR in renal injury and summarizes the literature concerning aldosterone in feline CKD. MR antagonists may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in feline CKD.
Testing general self‐efficacy, perceived competence, resilience, and stress among nursing students: An integrator evaluation
Authors: Orkaizagirre‐Gómara Aintzane , Sánchez De Miguel Manuel , Ortiz de Elguea Javier , Ortiz de Elguea Amaia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model for perceived competence and to obtain an integrator evaluation of the nursing curriculum with measures of nursing self‐efficacy, general self‐efficacy, resilience, and stress among nursing students. A correlational study with nursing students (N = 265) from the degree in nursing was conducted. A factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of nursing self‐efficacy and perceived competence. The correlational and discriminant analyses evaluated the factors in the four academic levels of the degree (2016–2017) to identify the variables involved in the classification of the students in each level. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of nursing self‐efficacy and perceived competence revealed a statistically significant good fit and consistency. Nursing self‐efficacy, general self‐efficacy, resilience, and year of the degree course predicted 34% of perceived competence scores. The discriminant function of nursing self‐efficacy, perceived competence, and resilience classified 76% of participants in the first and last years of the degree. Nursing self‐efficacy, perceived competence, and resilience increased with academic level. They help chart nursing students' progress through the curriculum.