bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting landscapes of coastal flood risk: environmental (in)justice of urban change, sea level rise, and differential vulnerability in New York City
Authors: Herreros-Cantis Pablo , Olivotto Veronica , Grabowski Zbigniew J. , McPhearson Timon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate-driven changes in coastal flood risk have enormous consequences for coastal cities. These risks intersect with unequal patterns of environmental hazards exacerbating differential vulnerability of climate related flooding. Here we analyze differential vulnerability of coastal flooding in New York City, USA, as an environmental justice issue caused by shifts in flood risk due to increasing floodplain extents. These extents are represented by updates to the 100-year floodplain by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and urban changes in land use, land value, and socio-economic characteristics of flood exposed populations. We focus on six local community districts containing disproportionately vulnerable communities. Across our study areas, we observed increases in the floodplain’s extent by 45.7%, total exposed population by 10.5%, and population living in vulnerable communities by 7.5%. Overall flood risk increases regardless of increases in the updated floodplain extent, as do floodplain property values. However, variability is high between community districts; in some cases, increases in exposure coincide with decreases in vulnerability due to shifts in racial demographics and increases in income (i.e. potential floodplain gentrification), while others experienced increases in exposure and vulnerability (i.e. double jeopardy). These findings highlight that the dominant drivers of coastal flood risk in NYC are ongoing real estate development and continued increases in sea level rise and storm severity, both of which have explicit implications for flood vulnerability. We describe the social processes governing development in the flood zone, namely zoning, resilience planning, and the determination of potential flooding severity and related insurance rates. We also discuss how these social drivers of risk intersect with social dimensions of vulnerability due to racist housing markets, and the distributions of public housing and toxic chemical hazards. We conclude with a framework for the analysis of contextual and outcome-based vulnerability to coastal flood hazards, and provide policy recommendations to reduce risks over the medium to long term.
QSAR, QSTR, and molecular docking studies of the anti-proliferative activity of phenylpiperazine derivatives against DU145 prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Ikwu Fabian A. , Shallangwa Gideon A. , Mamza Paul A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in males and accounts for about 4% of all cancer-related deaths in males annually. In silico methods provide faster, economical, and environmentally friendly alternatives to the traditional trial and error method of lead identification and optimization. This study, therefore, was aimed at building a robust QSAR and QSTR model to predict the anti-proliferate activity and toxicity of some phenylpiperazine compounds against the DU145 prostate cancer cell lines and normal prostate epithelial cells as well as carry out molecular docking studies between the compounds and the androgen receptor.

Results
Genetic Function Algorithm–Multilinear Regression approach was employed in building the QSAR and QSTR model. The QSAR model built had statistical parameters R2 = 0.7792, R2adj. = 0.7240, Q2cv = 0.6607, and R2ext = 0.6049 and revealed the anti-proliferate activity to be strongly dependent on the molecular descriptors: VR3_Dzp, VE3_Dzi, Kier3, RHSA, and RDF55v. The QSTR model, on the other hand, had statistical parameters R2 = 0.8652, R2adj. = 0.8315, Q2cv = 0.7788, and R2ext = 0.6344. The toxicity of the compounds was observed to be dependent on the descriptors MATS8c, MATS3s, ETA_EtaP_F, and RDF95m. The molecular descriptors in both models were poorly correlated (R < 0.4) and had variance inflation factors < 3. Molecular docking studies between the androgen receptor and compounds 25 and 32 revealed the compounds primarily formed hydrogen, halogen, and hydrophobic interactions with the receptor.

Conclusion
Findings from this study can be employed in in silico design of novel phenylpiperazine compounds. It can also be employed in predicting the toxicity and anti-proliferate activity of other phenylpiperazine compounds against DU145 prostate cancer cell lines.
Do mastoidectomy and type of graft affect tympanoplasty outcome in Egyptian children? A prospective randomized study
Authors: Khafagy Ahmed Gamal , Sobhy Tamer S. , Afifi Pretty O. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare surgical and hearing outcomes of tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft and tragal cartilage with or without mastoidectomy in children with tubotympanic chronic suppurative otitis media.
Two hundred children with chronic suppurative otitis media of tubotympanic type with perforation were included in this prospective randomized study. They were divided randomly into four equal groups according to operation done. Group I underwent tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft with cortical mastoidectomy, while in the second group, tragal cartilage was used as a graft with mastoidectomy. Groups III and IV were done without mastoidectomy, with tragal cartilage for group III and temporalis fascia for group IV. One-year follow-up was done for all patients to evaluate graft success (means without perforation nor retraction). Audiological evaluation was done for all children preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively for patients with successful graft uptake.

Result
There were 170 patients (85%) with graft success postoperatively. Tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia graft showed highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) when compared to tragal cartilage as regards hearing improvement in patients with successful graft uptake, while there is no statistically significant difference as regards graft uptake (P = 0.039). Also, there is no statistically significant difference between different techniques with or without mastoidectomy (P = 0.165).

Conclusion
Tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia without cortical mastoidectomy is the surgery of choice in children between 10 and 16 years old with tympanic membrane perforation as it showed highly statistically significant difference when compared to tragal cartilage graft as regards hearing improvement, with no statistically significant difference regarding successfully graft uptake.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in blood products from patients with COVID-19 is not associated with infectious virus
Authors: Andersson Monique I. , Arancibia-Carcamo Carolina V. , Auckland Kathryn , Baillie J. Kenneth , Barnes Eleanor , Beneke Tom , Bibi Sagida , Brooks Tim , Carroll Miles , Crook Derrick , Dingle Kate , Dold Christina , Downs Louise O. , Dunn Laura , Eyre David W. , Gilbert Jaramillo Javier , Harvala Heli , Hoosdally Sarah , Ijaz Samreen , James Tim , James William , Jeffery Katie , Justice Anita , Klenerman Paul , Knight Julian C. , Knight Michael , Liu Xu , Lumley Sheila F. , Matthews Philippa C. , McNaughton Anna L. , Mentzer Alexander J. , Mongkolsapaya Juthathip , Oakley Sarah , Oliveira Marta S. , Peto Timothy , Ploeg Rutger J. , Ratcliff Jeremy , Robbins Melanie J. , Roberts David J. , Rudkin Justine , Russell Rebecca A. , Screaton Gavin , Semple Malcolm G. , Skelly Donal , Simmonds Peter , Stoesser Nicole , Turtle Lance , Wareing Susan , Zambon Maria 
Published: July 2020

Background: Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of COVID-19) uses PCR to detect viral RNA (vRNA) in respiratory samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA has also been detected in other sample types, but there is limited understanding of the clinical or laboratory significance of its detection in blood. Methods: We undertook a systematic literature review to assimilate the evidence for the frequency of vRNA in blood, and to identify associated clinical characteristics. We performed RT-PCR in serum samples from a UK clinical cohort of acute and convalescent COVID-19 cases (n=212), together with convalescent plasma samples collected by NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) (n=462 additional samples). To determine whether PCR-positive blood samples could pose an infection risk, we attempted virus isolation from a subset of RNA-positive samples. Results: We identified 28 relevant studies, reporting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 0-76% of blood samples; pooled estimate 10% (95%CI 5-18%). Among serum samples from our clinical cohort, 27/212 (12.7%) had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by RT-PCR. RNA detection occurred in samples up to day 20 post symptom onset, and was associated with more severe disease (multivariable odds ratio 7.5). Across all samples collected ≥28 days post symptom onset, 0/494 (0%, 95%CI 0-0.7%) had vRNA detected. Among our PCR-positive samples, cycle threshold (ct) values were high (range 33.5-44.8), suggesting low vRNA copy numbers. PCR-positive sera inoculated into cell culture did not produce any cytopathic effect or yield an increase in detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Conclusions: vRNA was detectable at low viral loads in a minority of serum samples collected in acute infection, but was not associated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 (within the limitations of the assays used). This work helps to inform biosafety precautions for handling blood products from patients with current or previous COVID-19.
Determination of Teton Fault slip rates using surface exposure dating of fault-offset glacial landforms in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Licciardi Joseph M. 
Published: July 2020

The central goal of this project is to establish direct constraints on time-integrated slip rates along the trace of the Teton fault in Grand Teton National Park. The key research strategy is to develop cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages of glacial deposits bisected by the fault – in particular lateral moraines along the eastern Teton Range front – and to combine these landform ages with precise geomorphic measurements of postglacial fault scarp offsets on these features as determined from field surveys and analyses of newly available LiDAR data. Time-integrated slip rates on the Teton fault will then be derived from the amount of tectonic displacement on the dated lateral moraines. Improved constraints on the rate of tectonic activity along the Teton fault resulting from this project are anticipated to lead to better-informed geologic hazard assessment in the park and adjacent regions. Furthermore, the moraine chronologies developed in this work will advance our understanding of the late Pleistocene glacial and paleoclimatic history in Grand Teton National Park and more broadly in the northern Rocky Mountains.

Featured photo taken from AMK Ranch photo collection.
Spatio-temporal ecological and evolutionary dynamics in natural butterfly populations
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Lucas Lauren 
Published: July 2020

Spatial and temporal variation in the strength and nature of natural selection could help explain genetic diversity in natural populations and data on short term evolutionary responses to fluctuations in temperature and rainfall could facilitate predictions of climate change impacts. In 2012, we began a long term study of genome-wide molecular evolution in populations of Lycaeides idas in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). In 2016, we used distance sampling to estimate population densities of 10 butterfly populations spread across the GYE in Wyoming and Montana. In parallel, we estimated host plant cover and conducted insect community surveys at each site. We also completed a genotyping-by-sequencing survey for eight populations sampled in 2013 and 2015 to estimate contemporary variance in effective population sizes. Based on 480 samples across sites, we found significant variation in population sizes (as estimated by distance sampling) among sites and years. Host plant abundance, climate, and insect communities varied among sites but were not consistently predictive of population size. Estimates of effective population sizes among sites showed pronounced variation that was uncorrelated with genetic diversity, possibly due to widespread fluctuating selection.

Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.
Tracing the cultural history of upper Snake River guides in Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Youngs Yolonda 
Published: July 2020

This study traces the development and evolution of Snake River use and management through an in-depth exploration of historic commercial scenic river guiding and concessions on the upper Snake River in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) from 1950 to the present day. The research is based on a combination of methods including archival research, oral history analysis, historical landscape analysis, and fieldwork. I suggest that a distinct cultural community of river runners and outdoor recreationalists developed in Grand Teton National Park after World War II. In GRTE, a combination of physical, cultural, and technical forces shaped this community’s evolution including the specific geomorphology and dynamic channel patterns of the upper Snake River, the individuals and groups that worked on this river, and changes in boat and gear technology over time. The following paper presents the early results from the first year of this project in 2016 including the work of a graduate student and myself. This study offers connections between the upper Snake River and Grand Teton National Park to broader national trends in the evolution of outdoor recreation and concessions in national parks, the impact of World War II on technological developments for boating, and the cultural history of adventure outdoor recreation and tourism in the United States.

Featured photo by Elton Menefee on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/AHgCFeg-gXg
Large-area liquid crystal beam deflector with wide steering angle
Authors: Kim Young , Won Kanghee , An Jungkwuen , Hong Jong-Young , Kim Yunhee , Choi Chil-Sung , Song Hoon , Song Byonggwon , Suk Kim Hong , Bae Ki-Deok , Burm Jinwook , Lee Hong-Seok 
Published: July 2020

A slim beam deflector that satisfies both a large steering angle and a large area can be very useful in various applications. However, a smaller electrode pitch for a large steering angle and enlargement of its area are trade-off relations due to the limited number of control channels in an electrically tunable beam deflector system. For a large steering angle in the active area where actual diffraction occurs, an indium tin oxide electrode of 2 µm pitch was implemented through a stepper lithography. The via-hole process was developed to expand the reduced active area due to the small electrode pitch. We developed a beam deflector with 7200 controllable channels in an active area of

14.4

m
m

×
14.4

m
m

. The maximum steering angle is 7.643° at a wavelength of 532 nm.
Arts & Ethnography in a Contemporary World: From Learning to Social Participation, Ligia Ferro and David Poveda (eds) (2019)
Authors: Sabeti Shari 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Arts & Ethnography in a Contemporary World: From Learning to Social Participation, Ligia Ferro and David Poveda (eds) (2019)
London: Tufnell Press, 176 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-87276-779-6, p/bk, £14.95
Torchlight, Winckelmann and Early Australian Collections
Authors: Webber Monique 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mid-nineteenth-century Melbourne wanted to be more than a British outpost in southern Australia. Before its second decade, in 1854, the city founded an impressive museum-library-gallery complex. As European museums developed cast collections, Redmond Barry – Melbourne’s chief patron – filled Melbourne’s halls with a considerable selection. With time, these casts were discarded. The now lost collection seldom receives more than a passing remark in scholarship. However, these early displays in (what would become) the National Gallery of Victoria reimagined European Winckelmann-inspired curatorial models. The resulting experience made viewing into a performative action of nascent civic identity. Considered within current practice, Melbourne’s casts expose the implications of curatorial ideology.
Relationship of water landscapes with the social fabric as a case study: The Peloponnese peninsula
Authors: Krasopoulou Maria , Mitoula Roido , Theodoropoulou Helen , Georgitsogianni Evagelia 
Published: July 2020

The object of the research is to highlight the water areas, creating a cultural network in the Peloponnese peninsula. What are the tools to approach a landscape that can help interpret, read, and manage a site?
The research methodology was based on geographical features and the selection of sections on the map, linking them to create a cultural network model. Due to the large and rich diversity of water bodies, it was deemed necessary to select five different water landscapes in four different prefectures of the peninsula, looking for different-characteristic forms of water. The Anavalos wetland in Argolida, the river Ladonas in Arcadia, the springs of Lerni in Argolida, the lake Stymfalia and Doxa in Corinth and the Stygos Waters in Achaia were selected as case studies.
Through this process, a complete picture emerged in all networking sites. The interviews and personal contacts with the competent social bodies resulted in a comprehensive and more substantial understanding of the issue. Also important was the creation of a questionnaire-experiment, which took place in the Peloponnese, giving very important results-conclusions about the knowledge-views, residents-citizens, the peninsula and the relationship-contact they have with wetlands and their knowledge in relation to mythology.
Water has the potential to gain social and political weight, to bring the citizen face to face with the responsibility he has, to manage the environment with respect and consistency, to discover it, if he utilizes it and finally to highlight it as a model of sustainable development.
Effects of Market Orientation, strategies and actions on SMEs’ Performance during fragile economic conditions
Authors: Samanta Irene , Niros Meletios I. , Pollalis Yannis A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose –The purpose of this research is to unveil effective SME marketing actions and strategies in terms of performance during post-crisis era of fragile economic conditions. This paper further examines the effects of IT Marketing Infrastructure (ITMI) on both performance and Customer Equity Drivers (CEDs). Last, but not least, indirect effects of Market Orientation (MO) on Performance are also researched.
Design/methodology/approach – A personal interview survey was conducted in Greece using a structured instrument deriving from adjusted items of past research. A systematic random sample of 242 SMEs was collected from major Greek cities and a wide range of industries.
Findings – Findings unveiled that the same actions applied by large companies, also work for SMEs/VSEs. In addition, ITMI enable smaller firms to apply marketing strategies required to achieve higher Marketing Performance. However, MO is the key for excessive performance. Nevertheless, the indirect effect of MO on the relationship between marketing strategy and OP is negative, illustrating a need of strategic focus for SME.
Research limitations/implications – Despite survey presents certain trends and inference, it lacks qualitative data such as sentiments that are of equal importance in SME research.
Practical implications – This research facilitates SMEs to decide on effective actions against fragile economic conditions to achieve higher performance. In addition, it demonstrates the need to bolster chain value through ITMI. In specific, ITMIs forge core capabilities to apply CEDs that result in greater MO and Performance. Moreover, MO is proven to be a key factor to sustain higher levels of Performance when applying either a RE or a VE strategy.
Originality/value – In spite of the existence of research of effective actions and strategies during recessions, there is lack of SMEs research regarding fragile economic conditions after recessions or crises. ITMI and MO will facilitate SMEs to apply CEDs and sustain higher Organizational Performance.
Training of Geography Teachers for Secondary Schools at University in Uganda: An Analysis of Gulu University Teacher Trainees’ Teaching Practice.
Authors: Nuwategeka Expedito , Odama Stephen 
Published: July 2020

The changes in learner characteristics and the learning environment in the twenty first century calls for adjustments in teacher training to meet the needs of the contemporary learners. This study analyses training of geography teachers at Gulu University with the view of assessing the application of contemporary geography teaching methodologies for the twenty first century learners. Time- series data were collected from teacher trainees’ lesson plans used during school practice running for three consecutive years of 2016, 2017, and 2018. Teaching methods as well as types of instructional materials were extracted from eighty one lessons taught by teacher trainees in thirty six schools in both rural and urban Uganda. Using SPSS 16.0 software, data was analysed to generate frequencies, counts and cross-tabulations. Findings reveal that question and answer method was the most used while guided discovery was the least used, followed by demonstration. Fieldwork and project methods were not used at all. It was also found out that in 12% of all the lessons, there was no use of instructional materials in the teaching/learning process. The study recommends that the curriculum structure of future geography teacher trainees be improved to factor in contemporary teaching styles which use modern teaching equipment relevant to the current generation of technology and learners, and the training of lecturers who mentor geography teacher trainees at universities be institutionalized.
The Effect Of Social Contacts On The Spreads Of Covid-19 In Indonesia
Authors: Fadilah Mariatul , Arsinta Dewi 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Covid-19 is an infectious disease. Matrix that is often used to identify transmission of infectious diseases dynamics is Basic Reproduction Number (R0). R0 is influenced by 3 parameters there are transmissibility (τ), average contact (c) and duration of infectiousness (d). Transmissibility and duration of infectiousness are constant values. The value of R0 will fluctuate if the rate of human interaction varies. The value of social contact different in every country. In Indonesia, there are no studies that discuss the value of social contact. Therefore researchers aims to find out these values and determine their effect on the spread of Covid-19.
Method: This research was a descriptive observational study. Aims of the study is evaluate the pattern of social contact associated with the spread of covid-19. Data was collected using POLYMOD questionnaire that distributed via google form. The research sample was Indonesian people who were reached by distributing questionnaires. The data obtained then analyzed using the SPSS program to find the frequency distribution, mean of social contact and logistic regression analysis.
Results: From this study, 6464 contacts were obtained from 1032 respondents with average number of contacts 6.26 and R0 2.191.
Conclusion: The higher of contact value the higher risk of transmission. The R0 value obtained is 2.191, so one infected person might be able to transmit it to two other people around them. Individuals who are most at risk for transmission is male with low education levels and students.