bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous cement augmentation in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) in the elderly: a systematic review
Authors: Sanli I. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , de Bie R. A. , van Rhijn L. W. , Willems P. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeA systematic review, to study treatment effects for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) in the elderly including all available evidence from controlled trials on percutaneous cement augmentation.MethodsPrimary studies, published up to December, 2019, were searched in PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Selected were all prospective controlled studies including patients > 65 years of age and reporting on at least one main outcome. Main outcomes were pain, disability and quality of life (QOL) 1 day post-intervention and at 6 months postoperatively. Excluded were meta-analyses or reviews, retrospective or non-controlled studies, case studies, patients’ groups with neoplastic and/or traumatic fractures and/or neurologically compromised patients.ResultsEighteen studies comprising 2165 patients (n = 1117 percutaneous cement augmentation,n = 800 conservative treatment (CT),n = 248 placebo) with a mean follow-up of up to 12 months were included. Pooled results showed significant pain relief in favor of percutaneous cement augmentation compared to CT, direct postoperative and at 6 months follow-up. At 6 months, a significant difference was observed for functional disability scores in favor of percutaneous cement augmentation. When comparing percutaneous cement augmentation to placebo, no significant differences were observed.ConclusionThis review incorporates all current available evidence (RCTs and non-RCTs) on the efficacy of percutaneous cement augmentation in the treatment of OVFs in the elderly. Despite methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, this review shows overall significant sustained pain relief and superior functional effect in the short- and long term for percutaneous cement augmentation compared to conservative treatment.Graphic abstractThese slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
The impact of educational attainment on the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus in two successive pregnancies of Finnish primiparous women: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Rönö Kristiina , Masalin Senja , Kautiainen Hannu , Gissler Mika , Eriksson Johan Gunnar , Laine Merja Kristiina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims
To assess the impact of educational attainment on the occurrence and recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in two successive pregnancies in primiparous women.

Methods
This is a population-based observational cohort study including all 2347 Finnish women without previously diagnosed diabetes, aged ≥ 20 years from the city of Vantaa, Finland, who gave birth to their first and second child between 2009 and 2015. National registries provided data on study participants. We divided the population into four groups according to the presence of GDM in the two pregnancies (GDM−/−, n = 1820; GDM−/+, n = 223; GDM+/−, n = 113; GDM+/+, n = 191).

Results
The occurrence of GDM in the first pregnancy was 13.0% (n = 304) and 17.6% (n = 414) in the second. The recurrence rate of GDM was 62.8%. The four groups did not differ in relation to educational attainment (p = 0.11). In multinomial regression analysis, educational attainment protected from GDM in the second pregnancy [relative risk ratio 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–0.99) per year of schooling for being GDM−/+ compared with GDM−/−]. In multivariate logistics models, prepregnancy body mass index at the first pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) 1.53 per 1-standard deviation (SD) (95% CI 1.22–1.91)], first-born birth weight z-score [OR 1.30 per 1-SD (95% CI 1.00–1.67)], and inter-pregnancy weight change [OR 1.66 per 1-SD (95% CI 1.27–2.16)], but not educational attainment, predicted recurrence of GDM.

Conclusions
The recurrence rate of GDM was high. Education protected from novel GDM in the second pregnancy, but was not associated with GDM recurrence.
Virtual experience, real consequences: the potential negative emotional consequences of virtual reality gameplay
Authors: Lavoie Raymond , Main Kelley , King Corey , King Danielle 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs virtual reality (VR) technology enters mainstream markets, it is imperative that we understand its potential impacts on users, both positive and negative. In the present paper, we build on the extant literature’s focus on the physical side effects of VR gameplay (e.g., cybersickness) by focusing on VR’s potential to intensify users’ experiences of negative emotions. We first conducted a preliminary survey to assess users’ emotional responses during VR gameplay, with the results suggesting that certain VR situations can in fact produce intense negative emotional experiences. We then designed an interactive scenario intended to elicit low to moderate amounts of negative emotion, wherein participants played out the scenario in either VR (using the HTC Vive) or on a laptop computer. Compared to the participants who enacted the scenario on the laptop, those in the VR condition reported higher levels of absorption, which in turn increased the intensity of their negative emotional response to the scenario. A follow-up questionnaire administered several hours later revealed that the intensified negative emotions resulting from VR had a significant positive correlation with negative rumination (i.e., harmful self-related thoughts related to distress). These results show that VR gameplay has the potential to elicit strong negative emotional responses that could be harmful for users if not managed properly. We discuss the practical and policy implications of our findings.
They Will Definitely Need Us, When We Are 64: Old-Age Provision in Germany
Authors: Werding Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany countries followed the German example in increasing the legal retirement age, reaching the German standard envisaged for 2030 (of 67 years of age) at an earlier stage (in Ireland: 2021; the Netherlands: 2021; and Denmark: 2022) or even exceeding it (in Ireland: with 68 years, starting in 2028).
Finite-horizon general insolvency risk measures in a regime-switching Sparre Andersen model
Authors: Gajek Lesław , Rudź Marcin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInsolvency risk measures play important role in the theory and practice of risk management. In this paper, we provide a numerical procedure to compute vectors of their exact values and prove for them new upper and/or lower bounds which are shown to be attainable. More precisely, we investigate a general insolvency risk measure for a regime-switching Sparre Andersen model in which the distributions of claims and/or wait times are driven by a Markov chain. The measure is defined as an arbitrary increasing function of the conditional expected harm of the deficit at ruin, given the initial state of the Markov chain. A vector-valued operator L, generated by the regime-switching process, is introduced and investigated. We show a close connection between the iterations of L and the risk measure in a finite horizon. The approach assumed in the paper enables to treat in a unified way several discrete and continuous time risk models as well as a variety of important vector-valued insolvency risk measures.
Fördert eine videobasierte Intervention im Praktikum die professionelle Wahrnehmung von Klassenführung? – Eine quantitativ-inhaltsanalytische Messung von Subprozessen professioneller Wahrnehmung
Authors: Weber Kira Elena , Prilop Christopher Neil , Viehoff Stephan , Gold Bernadette , Kleinknecht Marc 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung werden zunehmend videogestützte Lerngelegenheiten eingesetzt, um die professionelle Wahrnehmung von Unterricht zu fördern. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein quantitativ-inhaltsanalytisches Verfahren gewählt, um zu überprüfen, ob sich die professionelle Wahrnehmung von Klassenführung durch eine videobasierte Intervention im Praktikum fördern lässt. Die Interventionsgruppe (IG, n = 26) analysierte während eines vierwöchigen Unterrichtspraktikums zwei eigene Videosequenzen und erhielt videobasiertes Peer- und Expertenfeedback, während die Kontrollgruppe (KG, n = 26) eine konventionelle Praktikumsbegleitung mit face-to-face Feedback durchlief. Beide Gruppen absolvierten einen Prä-Post-Test und beantworteten offene Fragen zu einer Videosequenz. Die Antworten wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet und Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen mit Hilfe non parametrischer Verfahren überprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die IG in fast allen Bereichen der wissensgesteuerten Verarbeitung von Unterricht verbessert sowie in einem Bereich der selektiven Wahrnehmung, während sich die KG lediglich im Bereich der Klassifikation von Wissen verbessert.
Hysteresis of wettability in porous media: a review
Authors: Elhaj Murtada A. , Enamul Hossain M. , Imtiaz Syed A. , Naterer Greg F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe process of “hysteresis” has widely attracted the attention of researchers and investigators due to its usage in many disciplines of science and engineering. Economics, physics, chemistry, electrical, mechanical, and petroleum engineering are some examples of disciplines that encounter hysteresis. However, the meaning of hysteresis varies from one field to another, and therefore, many definitions occur for this phenomenon depending on the area of interest. The “hysteresis” phenomenon in petroleum engineering has gained the attention of researchers and investigators lately, because of the role that plays in reservoir engineering and reservoir simulation. Hysteretic effects influence reservoir performance. Therefore, an accurate estimation of rock and fluid property curves has an essential role in evaluating hydrocarbon recovery processes. In this paper, a comprehensive review of research and growth on the hysteresis of wettability for its applications in petroleum engineering is reported. Also, theoretical and experimental investigations of hysteresis of wettability are compared and discussed in detail. The review highlights a range of concepts in existing models and experimental processes for wettability hysteresis. Furthermore, this paper tracks the current development of hysteresis and provides insight for future trends in the research. Finally, it reveals an outlook on the research challenges and weaknesses of hysteresis of wettability.
3D N,O-Codoped Egg-Box-Like Carbons with Tuned Channels for High Areal Capacitance Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Feng , He Xiaojun , Ma Lianbo , Zhang Hanfang , Xiao Nan , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFunctional carbonaceous materials for supercapacitors (SCs) without using acid for post-treatment remain a substantial challenge. In this paper, we present a less harmful strategy for preparing three-dimensional (3D) N,O-codoped egg-box-like carbons (EBCs). The as-prepared EBCs with opened pores provide plentiful channels for ion fast transport, ensure the effective contact of EBCs electrodes and electrolytes, and enhance the electron conduction. The nitrogen and oxygen atoms doped in EBCs improve the surface wettability of EBC electrodes and provide the pseudocapacitance. Consequently, the EBCs display a prominent areal capacitance of 39.8 μF cm−2 (340 F g−1) at 0.106 mA cm−2 in 6 M KOH electrolyte. The EBC-based symmetric SC manifests a high areal capacitance to 27.6 μF cm−2 (236 F g−1) at 0.1075 mA cm−2, a good rate capability of 18.8 μF cm−2 (160 F g−1) at 215 mA cm−2 and a long-term cycle stability with only 1.9% decay after 50,000 cycles in aqueous electrolyte. Impressively, even in all-solid-state SC, EBC electrode shows a high areal capacitance of 25.0 μF cm−2 (214 F g−1) and energy density of 0.0233 mWh cm−2. This work provides an acid-free process to prepare electrode materials from industrial by-products for advanced energy storage devices.
Microstructural Adjustment of the Degenerated Graphite Layer in Ductile Iron for Targeted Evaluation on the Fatigue Properties
Authors: Kutz A. , Martin P. , Bührig-Polaczek A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGraphite degeneration is the most prominent microstructural defect in the casting skin of ductile iron. Induced by either sulfur or oxygen contained in the molding material, its occurrence can be observed in a large range of iron castings, having substantial negative influences on the mechanical properties, especially fatigue resistance. Previous investigations predominately focused on the influence of the degenerated graphite layer, while accompanying changes of the iron matrix were neglected. The superposition of these effects hinders the evaluation of casting skin defects in state-of-the-art design of ductile iron components. The presented solution utilizes an experimental procedure, which enables the production of specimens with specific, individual microstructural configurations in the casting skin. This approach is based on the application of a modified sand core coating. By adding sulfurizing additives to the coating and adjusting its binder content and viscosity, a predominately homogeneous degenerated layer of 0.5 mm thickness was obtained. Using specific heat treatment steps assured a fully ferritic or pearlitic iron matrix, isolating the degenerated layer as the main microstructural defect. Fatigue testing of these specimens will further enable the numerical evaluation of the fatigue resistance in dependence of the casting skin microstructure.
A narrative review of facilitating and inhibiting factors in advance care planning initiation in people with dementia
Authors: Phenwan Tharin , Sixsmith Judith , McSwiggan Linda , Buchanan Deans 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of the review
To identify and assess factors that affect the decisions to initiate advance care planning (ACP) amongst people living with dementia (PwD).

Methods
A narrative review was conducted. A keyword search of Medline, CINAHL PsycINFO, and Web of Sciences databases produced 22,234 articles. Four reviewers independently applying inclusion/exclusion criteria resulted in 39 articles. Discrepancies were settled in discussion.

Results
Twenty-eight primary studies and eleven review articles remained. Narrative analysis generated five categories of facilitating and inhibitory factors: people with dementia, family orientation, healthcare professionals (HCP), systemic and contextual factors, and time factors. Key facilitators of ACP initiation were (i) healthcare settings with supportive policies and guidelines, (ii) family members and HCPs who have a supportive relationship with PwD, and (iii) HCPs who received ACP education. Key inhibitors were: (i) lack of knowledge about the dementia trajectory in stakeholders, (ii) lack of ACP knowledge, and (iii) unclear timing to initiate an ACP.

Conclusion
This review highlighted the main challenges associated with optimal ACP initiation with PwD. To encourage effective ACP initiation with PwD, succinct policies and guidelines for clinical commissioners are needed. ACP also needs to be discussed with family members in an informal, iterative manner. More research is required on initiation timing given the disease trajectory and changing family dynamics.
How challenges and peers contribute to social‐emotional learning in outdoor adventure education programs
Authors: Orson Carolyn N. , McGovern Gina , Larson Reed W. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionMany youth development programs view adolescents’ process of grappling with challenges as a major driver of social‐emotional learning. Our goal was to understand these processes as experienced and enacted by youth. We focused on the program Outward Bound in the United States because its students experience significant physical and social challenges and it has well‐developed staff practices for facilitating learning from challenges.MethodsGroup interviews were conducted with 32 youth (ages 14–18; 50% female), immediately following their completion of Outward Bound expedition courses. Students were asked to provide a detailed narrative account of an episode on course in which they learned from challenges. Grounded theory analyses identified three processes that contributed to learning.ResultsFirst, students, described developing skills for persistence through successfully enduring distress and a process of experimenting with new mindsets that helped them rise above their anxiety and distress. Second, we found that peers provided skillful and responsive on‐the‐spot support that motivated youth, helped them succeed, and scaffolded students’ learning strategies for dealing with physical, social, and emotional challenges. Third, we found that this peer support and scaffolding was animated by a culture of compassion and mutual commitment, which was cultivated by staff and embraced by youth.ConclusionsThese findings from Outward Bound illuminate a learning model that may be useful to other youth programs. This model combines intense challenges with attuned peer support for adolescents’ active processes of addressing and learning from challenges. We highlight program structures and staff practices that support these processes.
Pediatric Practice Readiness for Disaster Response
Authors: Needle Scott , Rucks Andrew C. , Wallace Lauren A. , Ginter Peter M. , Katholi Charles R. , Xie Rongbing 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) calls for the inclusion of office-based pediatricians in disaster preparedness and response efforts. However, there is little research about disaster preparedness and response on the part of pediatric practices. This study describes the readiness of pediatric practices to respond to disaster and delineates factors associated with increased preparedness.Methods:An AAP survey was distributed to members to assess the state of pediatric offices in readiness for disaster. Potential predictor variables used in chi-square analysis included community setting, primary employment setting, area of practice, and previous disaster experience.Results:Three-quarters (74%) of respondents reported some degree of disaster preparedness (measured by 6 indicators including written plans and maintaining stocks of supplies), and approximately half (54%) reported response experience (measured by 3 indicators, including volunteering to serve in disaster areas). Respondents who reported disaster preparation efforts were more likely to have signed up for disaster response efforts, and vice versa.Conclusions:These results contribute information about the state of pediatric physician offices and can aid in developing strategies for augmenting the inclusion of office-based pediatricians in community preparedness and response efforts.
Forecasting the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths in China: a Boltzmann function-based modeling study
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Zhang Zuqin , Yao Wei , Ying Qi , Long Cheng , Fu Xinmiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 outbreak is ongoing in China. Here, Boltzmann function-based analyses reveal the potential total numbers of COVID-19 deaths: 3,260 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3187–3394) in China; 110 (95% CI, 109–112) in Hubei Province; 3,174 (95% CI, 3095–3270) outside Hubei; 2,550 (95% CI, 2494–2621) in Wuhan City; and 617 (95% CI, 607–632) outside Wuhan.
Resveratrol reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in mice infected withTrichinella spiralis
Authors: Elgendy D.I. , Othman A.A. , Hasby Saad M.A. , Soliman N.A. , Mwafy S.E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTrichinellosis is a serious food-borne zoonotic infection of cosmopolitan distribution. Currently, treatment for trichinellosis is far from ideal. Given the important role of oxidative stress and immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of trichinellosis, this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) during the intestinal and muscular phases ofTrichinella spiralisinfection in mice. The oral administration of RSV at a dose of 20 mg/kg once daily for two weeks resulted in significant reductions in both adult and larval counts; significant improvements in the redox status of the small intestine and muscles; a significant reduction in interleukin 4, pentraxin 3 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression; and the mitigation of intestinal and muscular inflammation. In conclusion, this study identifies RSV as a promising agent for the treatment of experimental trichinellosis, and more studies in experimental animals and humans are worth consideration.
Cost of interspecific competition between trematode colonies
Authors: Mouritsen K.N. , Elkjær C.K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In a range of trematode species, specific members of the parthenitae colony infecting the molluscan first intermediate host appear specialized for defence against co-infecting species. The evolution of such division of labour requires that co-infection entails fitness costs. Yet, this premise has very rarely been tested in species showing division of labour. Using Himasthla elongata (Himasthlidae) and Renicola roscovita (Renicolidae) infecting periwinkles Littorina littorea as study system, we show that the size of emerged cercariae is markedly reduced in both parasite species when competing over host resources. Cercarial longevity, on the other hand, is negatively influenced by competition only in R. roscovita. Season, which may impact the nutritional state of the host, also affects cercarial size, but only in H. elongata. Hence, our study underlines that cercarial quality is, indeed, compromised by competition, not only in the inferior R. roscovita (no division of labour) but also in the competitively superior H. elongata (division of labour).
Contact endoscopy for detection of residual or recurrent disease after radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract
Authors: Kumar S , Mishra A K , Galagali J R , Sethi A , Malik A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate contact endoscopy in detecting local treatment failures post-radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract.MethodA total of 135 consecutive patients with suspected residual or recurrent cancer after definitive radiotherapy underwent contact endoscopy before biopsy. Contact endoscopy findings were compared with histopathological examination findings. Contact endoscopy could not be completed in 7 patients (5.9 per cent) and histopathological examination was inconclusive in 5 patients (3.7 per cent). The findings of the remaining 123 patients were compared.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of contact endoscopy were 88.75, 88.72 and 86.99 per cent, respectively, with similar results across various sites of upper aerodigestive tract. Inter-observer kappa value was 0.86 (95 per cent confidence interval: 0.79–0.93). The intra-observer kappa value was 0.93 (95 per cent confidence interval: 0.87–1.00) for the first observer and 0.95 (95 per cent confidence interval: 0.90–1.00) for second and third observers.ConclusionContact endoscopy showed the same high sensitivity and specificity with low inter- and intra-observer variability in detecting post-radiotherapy failures in cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract as has been shown in non-irradiated tissues in earlier studies.