bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boron‐Based Frustrated
L
ewis Pairs in Organic Transformations
Authors: Dobrovetsky Roman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, the organic transformations induced or catalyzed by boron‐based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are discussed. Despite the rapid progress in the development of FLPs chemistry, their use in promoting organic transformations, especially as catalysts, is still scarce. However, many of the transformations discussed here show the great potential of FLPs as metal‐free substitutes to the known transition metal‐based catalysts.
Prevalence, Predictors, and Prognostic Benefits of Remission Achievement in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Cheng Cheng , Wang Ziqian , Wang Yanhong , Zhao Jiuliang , Wang Qian , Tian Xinping , Hsieh Evelyn , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo systematically review and evaluate the prevalence, potential predictors, and prognostic benefits of remission achievement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsStudies reporting on the prevalence, predictors, and prognostic benefits of remission in adult patients with SLE were searched and selected from PubMed and Embase databases. Studies were reviewed for relevance and quality. Two reviewers independently assessed the studies and extracted data.ResultsData from 41 studies including 17,270 patients were included and analyzed. Although no consensus has been achieved on the definition of remission, clinical disease activity, serologic activity, duration, and treatment are agreed to be critical components of defining remission status. In most studies published in the recent 5 years, 42.4–88% of patients achieved and maintained the remission status for 1 year, and 21.1–70% did so for at least 5 years. Factors associated with remission included older age at diagnosis, lower baseline disease activity, and absence of major organ involvement, while positive serologic results were shown to be negatively associated with remission. Remission (especially prolonged remission) when achieved, demonstrated an association with lower accrual of damage and better quality of life among patients with SLE.ConclusionRemission is an achievable and desirable target for SLE patients and proven to be associated with prognostic benefits. Further development and assessment of a clear remission definition, a risk stratification model, as well as a full algorithm with frequency of monitoring time points for treatment adjustment and drug withdrawal are required.
Parent Perspectives on Addressing Emotional Health for Children and Young Adults With Juvenile Myositis
Authors: Ardalan Kaveh , Adeyemi Oluwatosin , Wahezi Dawn M. , Caliendo Anne E. , Curran Megan L. , Neely Jessica , Kim Susan , Correll Colleen K. , Brunner Emily J. , Knight Andrea M. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo assess parent perspectives regarding the emotional health impact of juvenile myositis (JM) on patients and families, and to assess preferences for emotional health screening and interventions.MethodsParents of children and young adults with JM were purposively sampled for participation in focus groups at the Cure JM Foundation National Family Conference in 2018. Groups were stratified by patient age group (6–12, 13–17, and 18–21 years), and conversations were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and co‐coded via content analysis, with subanalysis by age group. A brief survey assessed preferences for specific emotional health interventions.ResultsForty‐five parents participated in 6 focus groups. Themes emerged within 2 domains: emotional challenges, and screening and interventions. Themes for emotional challenges comprised the impact of JM on: 1) patient emotional health, particularly depression and anxiety; 2) parent emotional health characterized by sadness, grief, anger, guilt, and anxiety; and 3) family dynamics, including significant sibling distress. Subanalysis revealed similar themes across age groups, but the theme of resiliency emerged specifically for young adults. Themes for emotional health screening and interventions indicated potential issues with patient transparency, several barriers to resources, the facilitator role of rheumatology providers, and preferred intervention modalities of online and in‐person resources, with survey responses most strongly supporting child/parent counseling and peer support groups.ConclusionJM is associated with intense patient and family distress, although resiliency may emerge by young adulthood. Despite existing barriers, increasing access to counseling, peer support groups, and online resources with rheumatology facilitation may be effective intervention strategies.
Low‐Symmetry PdSe2 for High Performance Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Zhao Yunshan , Yu Peng , Zhang Gang , Sun Minglei , Chi Dongzhi , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Thong John T. L. , Wu Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs an emerging member in 2D materials, pentagonal palladium diselenide (PdSe2) has interesting ambipolar charge transport behavior with high air‐stability and shows great potential in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, the puckered pentagon structure in PdSe2 results in an intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity, which makes PdSe2 a superior material prospect for thermoelectric (TE) applications. However, its TE properties have yet to be experimentally demonstrated. Here, the TE transport in 2D PdSe2 with a low‐symmetry pentagonal lattice is probed for the first time. By thickness‐engineering, it is demonstrated that the TE property of PdSe2 can be effectively manipulated due to its sensitive dependence on the interlayer coupling originating from the special lattice structure. The TE performance can be largely enhanced benefiting from the high band convergence and quantum confinement in thinner PdSe2 flakes. A power factor as high as 1.5 mW m−1 K−2 can be achieved for a PdSe2 flake with a thickness of 5 nm. This work provides the first TE study on a pentagonal lattice as opposed to hexagonal lattices that dominate the 2D layered material family. The unique lattice structure with special interlayer interaction in PdSe2 opens up new pathways for TE applications, low‐dimensional electronics, and quantum devices.
Metal‐Organic‐Framework Derived Core‐Shell N‐Doped Carbon Nanocages Embedded with Cobalt Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Haoran , Zhao Lanling , Liu Xiaomeng , Huang Qishun , Wang Yueqing , Hou Chuanxin , Hou Yuyang , Wang Jun , Dang Feng , Zhang Jintao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo enhance the performance of Li‐ion batteries, hierarchical carbon‐based hollow frameworks embedded with cobalt nanoparticles are prepared by the pyrolysis of core‐shell ZIF‐8@ZIF‐67 polyhedrals prepared via a seed‐mediated growth method. The resultant hollow frameworks are composed of the N‐doped carbon as the inner shells and the porous graphitic carbon embedded with cobalt nanoparticles as the outer shells. Benefiting from the unique hollow architecture with large surface area and good electrical conductivity, the electrode materials exhibit good electrochemical performance with improved specific capacities, high‐rate capability, and good cycling stability for Li‐ion batteries. More importantly, the quantitative kinetic analysis reveals the crucial contributions of N doping and the porous structure of graphitic carbon with cobalt nanoparticles for boosting the performance of carbon‐based materials. The rational design of the unique carbon‐based architecture and the understanding of the underlying mechanism for the charge storage process are crucial to construct advanced carbon‐based materials for high‐performance Li‐ion batteries.
Designing Robust, Breathable, and Antibacterial Multifunctional Porous Membranes by a Nanofluids Templated Strategy
Authors: Ju Junping , Hao Longyun , Yang Shiwen , Wang Dandan , Zhang Yongzhi , Yuan Hua , Yin Xianze , Tan Yeqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdvanced medical dressings need to meet these requirements of breathability, moisture absorption balance, antibacterial activity, and mechanical strength. Both breathability and moisture absorption balance strongly depend on the porous structure that inversely sacrifice their mechanical properties and bulk antibacterial activity. Herein, multifunctional porous structure is designed that can synchronously realize excellent antibacterial activity, breathability, superhydrophilicity, and enhanced mechanical properties just using nanofluids templating. The pore sizes, density, and functionality of porous polymers are regulated through nanofluids loading and multiple functional components including inorganic nanoparticles core and organic corona/canopy composed of organic long chains with different charges. An ionically tethered, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate as a canopy of nanofluids can be removed with sodium chloride solution to form porous structure, greatly improving the breathability of membrane and achieving superhydrophilicity to obtain moisture absorption balance. Meantime, exposed polysiloxane quaternary ammonium salts as covalently bonded corona of nanofluids exhibit excellent antibacterial activity. Finally, nanoparticles core endows supreme tensile strength ratio (115%) of porous membrane. Overall, nanofluids templating approach is expected to develop into a universal strategy to construct a series of multifunctional porous polymer materials via varying the component of nanofluids, which provide a promising application in biomedicine, human health, and life science.
Metal Halide Perovskite Nanorods: Shape Matters
Authors: Zhang Chengxi , Chen Jiayi , Wang Sheng , Kong Lingmei , Lewis Simon W. , Yang Xuyong , Rogach Andrey L. , Jia Guohua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuasi‐1D metal halide perovskite nanorods (NRs) are emerging as a type of materials with remarkable optical and electronic properties. Research into this field is rapidly expanding and growing in the past several years, with significant advances in both mechanistic studies of their growth and widespread possible applications. Here, the recent advances in 1D metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on NRs. At first, the crystal structures of perovskites are elaborated, which is followed by a review of the major synthetic approaches toward perovskite NRs, such as wet‐chemical synthesis, substrate‐assisted growth, and anion exchange reactions, and discussion of the growth mechanisms associated with each synthetic method. Then, thermal and aqueous stability and the linear polarized luminescence of perovskite NRs are considered, followed by highlighting their applications in solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors/phototransistors, and lasers. Finally, challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly developing research area are summarized.
Electrospinning Oriented Self‐Cleaning Porous Crosslinking Polymer for Efficient Dyes Removal
Authors: Xu Wenshi , Chen Yong , Xu Wenwen , Wu Xuan , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe separation of harmful substances by supramolecular crosslinking polymers is the focus of current research. As far as it is known, supramolecular crosslinking systems based on electrospun nanofibers are rarely reported. However, electrospun nanofibers should be promising candidates for interfacial crosslinking substrates because of their adjustable morphology and can be doped with different functional nanoparticles. In this study, β‐cyclodextrin and acyl chloride compounds are interfacially polymerized on polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibrous substrates with different morphologies. The diameter and orientation of electrospun nanofibrous substrates affect the dye‐filtration efficiency, with a porous membrane composed of aligned nanofibers giving the highest efficiency. Cationic dyes can be selectively filtered from mixtures of cationic and anionic dyes, and the porous supramolecular crosslinking polymers are also suitable for mixtures of various cationic dyes. When TiO2is present in the nanofibrous substrate, UV irradiation of the used porous composite membranes efficiently in situ degrade the absorbed dye, making the membranes self‐cleaning and thus reusable.
Off‐Chip Vertical Step Emulsification Droplets Preparation Device Applied for Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Shi Bing , Wu Di , Jiang Yangyang , An Junru , Wu Wenming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh efficient and stable droplets preparation is an essential technology in digital PCR (dPCR) and other analytical fields. In this paper, a microfluidic device called vertical step emulsification (VSE) device to produce emulsion droplets rapidly off‐chip is developed. VSE device prepares droplets by perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) capillary and microcentrifuge tube, when the continuous water phase in PFA capillary jets into the static oil phase in the microcentrifuge tube at a certain speed, the continuous water phase is emulsified into stable droplets due to the sudden change of surface tension. In order to control the droplet size accurately, a general screw mechanism to control the gap between the PFA capillary outlet and the bottom of the inner wall of microcentrifuge tube is used. Meanwhile, dPCR tests with high dynamic range throughput droplets from VSE device are performed. The results show that the off‐chip droplet preparation device developed by the authors not only gets rid of the complicated control structure, has the advantages of low cost, easy operation, and user‐friendly, but also provides a sustainable development scheme for the preparation of high‐throughput and stable droplets in a short time.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Large‐Area 2D Bi2S3 Nanosheets Featuring High In‐Plane Anisotropy
Authors: Messalea Kibret A. , Zavabeti Ali , Mohiuddin Md , Syed Nitu , Jannat Azmira , Atkin Paul , Ahmed Taimur , Walia Sumeet , McConville Chris F. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Mahmood Nasir , Khoshmanesh Khashayar , Daeneke Torben 
Published: September 2020

Abstract2D materials with high in‐plane anisotropy are rapidly emerging as a tantalizing class of nanomaterials with promising applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics since they provide an additional degree of freedom that can be exploited in device design. The large‐area synthesis of such materials remains however challenging since the anisotropic crystal structure renders identifying a suitable growth substrate to be difficult, while the nanosheets are usually too fragile for the exfoliation and transfer of macroscopic sheets. This work reports the scalable synthesis of highly crystalline, large‐area 2D Bi2S3 nanosheets using a novel liquid‐metal‐based synthesis approach. Ultrathin bismuth oxide sheets are exfoliated from molten bismuth followed by tube furnace sulfurization. The strategy effectively separates the formation of layered structures from the process of anisotropic crystallization, overcoming the shortcomings of established techniques. The synthesized nanosheets feature a highly anisotropic orthorhombic crystal structure with intraplane van der Waals gaps and a direct bandgap of ≈2.3 eV. The nanosheets are found to be highly photoconductive with a photoresponsivity of 8 A W−1. Bi2S3 channel‐based field effect transistors feature a maximum hole mobility of 28 cm2 V−1 s−1, highlighting the excellent electronic properties of the isolated nanosheets.
Forming‐Free, Nonvolatile, and Flexible Resistive Random‐Access Memory Using Bismuth Iodide/van der Waals Materials Heterostructures
Authors: Li Chia‐Shuo , Kuo Sheng‐Wen , Wu Yu‐Tien , Fu Fang‐Yu , Ni I‐Chih , Chen Mei‐Hsin , Wu Chih‐I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResistive switching devices based on halide perovskites exhibit promising potential in flexible resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) owing to low fabrication cost and low processing temperature. However, the toxicity of these materials hinders their commercialization. Herein, bismuth iodide (BiI3) is employed as an insulator in RRAM. A monolayer of graphene or hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is employed as a buffer layer to achieve van der Waals epitaxy of BiI3 and meanwhile to prevent the intrusion of copper atoms. Thus, the film quality of the BiI3 layer is greatly improved. Resistive‐switching devices with the structure of copper foil/h‐BN/BiI3/Au exhibited forming‐free characteristics, high on/off ratio, excellent data‐retention capability, and high endurance to 2500 sweep cycles. The forming‐free behavior in the devices is studied using X‐ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopies, where a self‐formed conductive filament composed of metallic bismuth is observed. The formation and rupture of the conductive filament in the BiI3 layer, which serves as the in‐gap channel, causes the switchable resistance of the devices. In addition, the devices exhibit excellent tolerance to bending, thus demonstrating high stability to at least 5000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 8.75 mm. This study demonstrates the promising potential of BiI3‐based flexible resistive‐switching memories.
pH‐Responsive Superwettability Surface: The Study of Oil Dewetting Ability from Air to Water on a Rough Surface and Selective Oil‐Water Separation
Authors: Tang Lei , Zeng Zhixiang , Wang Gang , Shen Luli , Zhu Lijing , Zhang Yingxin , Xue Qunji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResponsive smart surfaces with controllable wettability have a high potential application in self‐cleaning and oil‐water separation. In this work, a new and simple method is reported to fabricate a pH‐responsive superwettability surface. And the self‐cleaning performance from air to water after oil contamination in a dry state is studied. Wettability regulation can be achieved by controlling the ratio of carboxyl groups with protonation or deprotonation state in acid or basic solutions. Rough surface with 40% carboxyl content (XCOOH = 0.4) shows the most significant response. The surface is superoleophilic underwater after wetted in acid solution in advance but superoleophobic underwater with basic solution pre‐wetted. Oil desorption can be achieved under the superoleophobic state to realize the self‐cleaning effect on a rough surface with a complex process. The dynamic self‐cleaning process can be achieved by changing the pH value of the solution. This pH‐responsive surface also has a good self‐cleaning effect for the common water and solid pollutants. Moreover, a smart separation system with the ability to realize selective oil‐water separation under two different states is prepared. It is believed that the results reported could broaden the understanding of self‐cleaning systems and open a new perspective in controlling wettability.
Atomic‐Scale Interface Engineering: Boosting Oxygen Electroreduction over Supported Ternary Alloys Fabricated by Carbon‐Assisted Galvanic Replacement
Authors: Su Yucan , Liu Jingjun , Mo Shaolan , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterfacial ensemble and ligand engineering is a smart strategy to economically and efficiently improve electrocatalytic activity of composite catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, a ternary PtPdCu alloy, chemically coupled with carbon black (11.9 wt% Pt), is synthesized in large scale via carbon‐assisted galvanic replacement in anhydrous ethylene glycol (EG) solutions. The obtained low platinum alloy disperses well on carbon with an average size of about 1.9 nm. In 0.1 m HClO4, the supported alloy exhibits superior ORR activity and long‐term stability than those obtained by unsupported alloy or commercial Pt/C (20 wt% Pt). The substantially improved property can result from the presence of interfacial ensemble and ligand effects derived from d–p‐orbital hybridization of Pt and C atoms at atomic level, while the good durability is responsible for enriched Pd atoms at near‐surface layers that hinder the leaching of Pt and Cu atoms in their alloys, as verified by density functional theory (DFT) results. Therefore, interface engineering tuned by modified galvanic replacement may be a feasible strategy for large‐scale preparation of supported catalysts with nanoengineered interfaces.
Patterned, Wearable UV Indicators from Electrospun Photochromic Fibers and Yarns
Authors: Zheng Yue , Panatdasirisuk Weerapha , Liu Jiaqi , Tong Aijun , Xiang Yu , Yang Shu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWearable sensors allow for continuous and real‐time monitoring of the human health and potential environmental hazards such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the daily basis. Here, textile‐based wearable UV indicators are fabricated, which can show easily recognizable color patterns depending on UV irradiation intensity over time. The sensors are prepared by templating electrospun polycaprolactone fibers doped with photochromic dyes or embroidering the photochromic core–sheath yarns into commercial fabrics. This study provides a new design concept in developing smart wearable indicators.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into the Monomer 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid using Mesostructured Nickel Oxide
Authors: Holzhäuser Fabian Joschka , Janke Tobias , Öztas Fatma , Broicher Cornelia , Palkovits Regina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransforming biomass based compounds with renewable electrical energy into products presents a promising approach towards development of a circular economy. Herein, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), derivable from cellulose and hemicellulose, is successfully electrochemically converted into 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The reactions are performed in alkaline aqueous solutions using commercial nickel oxide (NiO) or a mesostructured nickel oxide derived by CMK‐1 templating (NiO‐CMK‐1). Both catalytic activity and the selectivity of FDCA are highly dependent on the catalyst structure. NiO‐CMK‐1 facilitates multiple times higher FDCA selectivity (>80%) compared with commercial NiO (30%). Electrochemical analyses emphasize a net‐current density for NiO of 2 mA cm−2 whereas for NiO‐CMK‐1 the net‐current density increases significantly to above 4 mA cm−2. The exposed material surface and structure of the catalysts are analyzed via nitrogen physisorption and powder X‐ray diffraction revealing that both NiO and NiO‐CMK‐1 possess a face‐centered cubic crystal structure but distinctly different exposed surface areas. Since NiO‐CMK‐1 enables remarkably improved catalytic activity for the oxidation of HMF, a recycling study is conducted with five consecutive catalytic cycles emphasizing the technological potential of this approach.
Carbon Microtube Textile with MoS2 Nanosheets Grown on Both Outer and Inner Walls as Multifunctional Interlayer for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Jiaye , Yu Lihong , Zheng Bangbei , Li Narui , Xi Jingyu , Qiu Xinping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides during the charge/discharge process is the key bottleneck hindering the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, a multifunctional interlayer is developed by growing metallic molybdenum disulfide nanosheets on both outer and inner walls of cotton cloth derived carbon microtube textile (MoS2@CMT). The hollow structure of CMT provides channels to favor electrolyte penetration, Li+ diffusion and restrains polysulfides via physical confinement. The hydrophilic and conductive 1T‐MoS2 nanosheets facilitate chemisorption and kinetic behavior of polysulfides. The synergic effect of 1T‐MoS2 nanosheets and CMT affords the MoS2@CMT interlayer with an efficient trapping‐diffusion‐conversion ability toward polysulfides. Therefore, the cell with the MoS2@CMT interlayer exhibits enhanced cycling life (765 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C) and rate performance (974 mAh g−1 at 2 C and 740 mAh g−1 at 5 C). This study presents a pathway to develop low‐cost multifunctional interlayers for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries.