bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down-regulating lncRNA LINC00485 inhibits the development of osteosarcoma by regulating miR-361-5p/Twist1 axis
Authors: Hu Yawei , Luo Xinle , Zhou Jianhua , Chen Shaochu , Gong Ming , Deng Yue , Zhang Hao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Mounting researches have established that long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) occupy an essential position in osteosarcoma development. The present study attempted to explicate the functional role and mechanism of LINC00485 and miR-361-5p in regulating the osteosarcoma progression.Methods: RT-PCR was employed to measure LINC00485 expression in osteosarcoma tissues and adjacent healthy tissues. Moreover, the correlation between LINC00485 expression and the clinicopathological indexes was analyzed. Further, the LINC00485 low-expressed cell model was constructed, and the CCK8 assay was employed to measure cell proliferation, followed by the flow cytometry in apoptosis testing. Besides, Transwell assay was utilized to detect cell migration and invasion ability, and Western blot examined the alternations of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker molecules (E-cadherin and Vimentin). Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was taken advantage of predicting the downstream molecular targets of LINC00485. RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out respectively to estimate the expression variations of miR-361-5p and Twist1. Dual luciferase activity assay and RNA co-precipitation (RIP) assay were conducted to verify the targeting relationship between LINC00485 and miR-361-5p, miR-361-5p and Twist1.Results: In comparison with normal adjacent tissues, the LINC00485 expression in cancer tissues was profoundly up-regulated. LINC00485 low expression greatly attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in osteosarcoma cells, while enhancing apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis claimed that miR-361-5p was a sponge miRNA for LINC00485, targeting the Twist1 expression. Further gain- and loss-experiments declared that miR-361-5p limited the osteosarcoma development by inhibiting osteosarcoma cell proliferation, metastasis and promoting apoptosis.Conclusions: LINC00485 acted as an oncogene in the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis by modulating the miR-361-5p/Twist1 axis.
Mineralization of petrochemical wastewater after biological treatment by ozonation catalyzed with divalent iron tartaric acid chelate
Authors: Wang Song , Zhu Genwang , Yu Zhongchen , Li Chenxi , Wang Dan , Cao Xiaoling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The petrochemical wastewater includes many toxic organic compounds, which are refractory substances. It is difficult for the wastewater to meet discharge standards after biological treatment, therefore, the further effective treatment of post-biochemical petrochemical wastewater has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study used iron tartaric acid chelate (ITC) catalytic ozonation to treat the petrochemical wastewater. Various key factors were investigated, such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), catalyst dosage, ozone concentration, initial pH values and oxidation efficiency. The kinetics of catalytic ozonation were established. The results indicate that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate reached a maximum of 58.5%, when the Fe2+ dosage is 0.25 mmol L−1, the initial pH value is neutral, the liquid phase ozone concentration is about 1.95 mg L−1, and HRT is equal to 180 min. In addition, when HRT is equal to 90 min, the B/C ratio of wastewater increases to 0.31, the catalytic ozone reaches maximum oxidation efficiency, and the most economical HRT was 90 min. Finally, the kinetics of ITC catalytic ozonation catalyzed with ITC is consistent with the pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction, and its rate constant is 0.00484 min−1.
Targeting n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Valenzuela Rodrigo , Ortiz Macarena , Hernández-Rodas María Catalina , Echeverría Francisca , Videla Luis Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal
hepatic accumulation of triacylglycerides in the absence of alcohol consumption, in association with
Oxidative Stress (OS), a pro-inflammatory state and Insulin Resistance (IR), which are attenuated by
n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (FAs) C20-C22 (LCPUFAs) supplementation. Main
causes of NAFLD comprise high caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle, with high intakes of saturated
FAs.

Methods:
The review includes several searches considering the effects of n-3 LCPUFAs in NAFLD
in vivo and in vitro models, using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-
National Institutes of Health.

Results:
The LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-
3, DHA) have a positive effect in diminishing liver steatosis, OS, and the levels of aspartate
aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with improvement of
insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels. The molecular pathways described for n-3 LCPUFAs in
cellular and animal models and humans include peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α activation
favouring FA oxidation, diminution of lipogenesis due to sterol responsive element binding
protein-1c downregulation and inflammation resolution. Besides, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related
factor-2 activation is elicited by n-3 LCPUFA-derived oxidation products producing direct and indirect
antioxidant responses, with concomitant anti-fibrogenic action.

Conclusion:
The discussed effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation support its use in NAFLD,
although having a limited value in NASH, a contention that may involve n-3 LCPUFA oxygenated
derivatives. Clinical trials establishing optimal dosages, intervention times, type of patients and
possible synergies with other natural products are needed in future studies.
Ghrelin Based Therapy of Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Liang Yuan , Yin Wenzhen , Yin Yue , Zhang Weizhen 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Ghrelin, a unique 28 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by the gastric
X/A like cells, is an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR).
Ghrelin-GHSR signaling has been found to exert various physiological functions, including stimulation
of appetite, regulation of body weight, lipid and glucose metabolism, and increase of gut
motility and secretion. This system is thus critical for energy homeostasis.

Objective:
The objective of this review is to highlight the strategies of ghrelin-GHSR based
intervention for therapy of obesity and its related metabolic diseases.

Results:
Therapeutic strategies of metabolic disorders targeting the ghrelin-GHSR pathway involve
neutralization of circulating ghrelin by antibodies and RNA spiegelmers, antagonism of
ghrelin receptor by its antagonists and inverse agonists, inhibition of ghrelin O-acyltransferase
(GOAT), as well as potential pharmacological approach to decrease ghrelin synthesis and secretion.

Conclusion:
Various compounds targeting the ghrelin-GHSR system have shown promising efficacy for intervention of
obesity and relevant metabolic disorders in animals and in vitro. Further clinical trials to validate their efficacy in human being are urgently needed.
Gallic Acid Protects from Acute Multiorgan Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine
Authors: Rakshit Samrat , Nirala Satendra K. , Bhadauria Monika 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Secondary metabolites of plants, the polyphenols, play a vital role in protection
from many health problems in human beings. Structurally favored phytochemicals may be studied
to protect multiorgan injury. At pharmacological doses, gallic acid is nontoxic to mammals and is generally
absorbed in the intestine.

Aims:
In this present study, gallic acid was evaluated for its protective efficacy against Lipo Polysaccharide
(LPS) and d-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induced multiorgan injury, i.e., liver, kidney and brain.

Methods:
Three different doses of gallic acid (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the experimental
animals for 6 consecutive days, followed by exposure to LPS (50 μg/kg I.P.) and D-GalN
(300 mg/kg I.P.) on the 6th day.

Discussion:
Exposure to LPS and D-GalN severely increased lipid peroxidation, CYP2E1 activity and
tissue lipids while lowered protein content. Gallic acid restored all these parameters towards control in
dose dependent manner and 20 mg/kg dose provided the best protection. Histological study showed
improved histoarchitecture of liver, kidney and brain that supported biochemical endpoints.

Results:
Exposure to LPS and D-GalN resulted in increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines.
Altered hematology and serology due to LPS and D-GalN were restored towards control by
gallic acid. Declined antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase due
to injurious effects of LPS and D-GalN were rejuvenated by gallic acid.

Conclusion:
Gallic acid minimized oxidative stress and provided best protection at 20 mg/kg dose
against LPS and D-GalN induced multi organ acute injury.
Nucleophilic Acylation with Aromatic Aldehydes to 2 Bromoacetonitrile: An Umpolung Strategy for the Synthesis of Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Singh Shailesh , Tiwari Jyoti , Jaiswal Deepali , Sharma Amit Kumar , Singh Jaya , Singh Vandana , Singh Jagdamba 
Published: June 2020

Background:
A novel one-pot N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalysed acylation of 2-
bromoacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes is reported. The protocol involves carbonyl umpolung reactivity of
aldehydes in which the carbonyl carbon attacks nucleophilically (as d1 nucleophile) on the electrophilic terminal
of 2-bromoacetonitrile to afford 3-aryl-3-oxopropanenitrile. The salient features of this procedure are short reaction
time, operational simplicity, ambient temperature, no by-product formation and high yields.

Materials and Methods:
A flame-dried round bottom flask was charged with Imidazolium salts (3a) (0.20
mmol). Aldehyde 1a (1.0 mmol), 2-bromoacetonitrile 2 (1.0 mmol), and THF / t-BuOH 5 mL; 10:1) were added
at positive nitrogen pressure followed by the addition of DBU (0.15 mmol) through stirring. The resulting yellow-
orange solution was stirred at room temperature for 5-6 h. After completion of the reaction (TLC monitored),
the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The product was purified using hexane /
EtOAc (10:1) as an eluent to provide analytically pure compound 4a. Physical data of representative compounds
and the NMR spectroscopic data are in agreement with the literature value.

Results and Discussion:
The salient features of this procedure are short reaction time, operational simplicity,
ambient temperature, no by-product formation and high yields.

Conclusion:
To sum up, we have developed a convenient, efficient and one-pot route for 3-oxo-3-
phenylpropanenitrile synthesis from NHC promoted direct nucleophilic acylation of aromatic aldehydes using 2-
bromoacetonitrile. This method provided a wide range of products and good yields. To best of our knowledge,
this is the new report for the synthesis of 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanenitrile through NHC promoted nucleophilic acylation
of aromatic aldehyde.
Growth Inhibitory Properties of Synthetic Chalcones
Authors: Kottapalle Gajanan D. , Deshmukh Nagesh J. , Shinde Avinash T. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
In the present study, chalcones were synthesized from 2-hydroxy-1-
acetonaphthone and substituted aromatic aldehydes were synthesized by Claisen Schmidt condensation
reaction using potassium hydroxide as a base. The synthesized chalcones were purified by recrystallization
from ethanol and evaluated for antibacterial activity by well diffusion method. The antibacterial
activity was evaluated against Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus species, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
aureus using Ciprofloxacin as a standard.

Methods:
The target molecules were prepared by reacting 2-hydroxy-1-acetonaphthone and various
substituted aromatic aldehyde in the presence of suitable condensing agents. The structure of synthesized
compounds was confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral
data. These synthesized compounds were also screened for antibacterial activity.

Results:
In the present study, free hydroxyl group in position 2 or 4 of aldehyde ring of synthesized
chalcones appears to be a very important requirement in increasing the activity (2-5 and 8-13). When
the hydroxyl group in position 4 is alkylated (14, 15), the chalcones become less active. When more
complex substituent is present on the aldehyde ring (6, 7) there is a decrease in the activity.

Conclusion:
Newly synthesized chalcones (1-15) show good and moderate antibacterial activity. We
believe that the new hydroxy substituted (in aldehyde ring) chalcones (2-5 and 8-13) reported in this
work may provide an interesting insight for further optimization.
Minocycline Increases in-vitro Cortical Neuronal Cell Survival after Laser Induced Axotomy
Authors: Yulug Burak , Ozansoy Mehmet , Alokten Merve , Ozansoy Muzaffer B.C. , Cankaya Seyda , Hanoglu Lutfu , Kilic Ulkan , Kilic Ertugrul 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Antibiotic therapies targeting multiple regenerative mechanisms have the
potential for neuroprotective effects, but the diversity of experimental strategies and analyses of
non-standardised therapeutic trials are challenging. In this respect, there are no cases of successful
clinical application of such candidate molecules when it comes to human patients.

Methods:
After 24 hours of culturing, three different minocycline (Sigma-Aldrich, M9511, Germany)
concentrations (1 μM, 10 μM and 100 μM) were added to the primary cortical neurons 15
minutes before laser axotomy procedure in order to observe protective effect of minocycline in
these dosages.

Results:
Here, we have shown that minocycline exerted a significant neuroprotective effect at 1 and
100μM doses. Beyond confirming the neuroprotective effect of minocycline in a more standardised
and advanced in-vitro trauma model, our findings could have important implications for future studies
that concentrate on the translational block between animal and human studies.

Conclusion:
Such sophisticated approaches might also help to conquer the influence of humanmade
variabilities in critical experimental injury models. To the best of our knowledge, this is the
first study showing that minocycline increases in-vitro neuronal cell survival after laser-axotomy.
Paris Saponin VII Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Erythroleukemia Cells by a Mitochondrial Membrane Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lin Xin , Gajendran Babu , Varier Krishnapriya M. , Liu Wuling , Song Jingrui , Rao Qing , Wang Chunlin , Qiu Jianfei , Ni Wei , Qin XuJie , Wen Min , Liu Haiyang , Li Yanmei 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Leukemia is considered a top-listed ailment, according to WHO, which
contributes to the death of a major population of the world every year. Paris Saponin VII (PS), a saponin which
was isolated from the roots of Trillium kamtschaticum, from our group, was reported to provide hemostatic,
cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. However, its molecular mechanism underlying the anti-proliferative effects
remains unclear. Thus, this study hypothesized to assess that mechanism in PS treated HEL cells.

Methods:
The MTT assay was used to analyze the PS inhibited cell viability in the HEL cells. We further found
that PS could induce S phase cell cycle arrest through flow cytometry as well as the western blot analysis of
intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic molecules.

Results:
The MTT assay showed the IC50 concentration of PS as 0.667μM. The study revealed that PS treatment
inhibits cell proliferation dose-dependently. It further caused mitochondrial membrane potential changes by PS
treatment. Mechanistic protein expression revealed a dose-dependent upsurge for Bid and Bim molecules, while
Bcl2 and PARP expression levels were significantly (P<0.05) down-regulated in PS treated HEL cells resulting
in caspase -3 release and increased the Bim levels upon 24h of incubation.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate that PS possesses an excellent anti-leukemic activity via the regulation of
the mitochondrial pathway, leading to S phase cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis, suggesting it
as a potential alternative chemotherapeutic agent for leukemia patients.
Communication Behavior Changes Between Patients With Diabetes and Healthcare Providers Over 9 Years: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Benis Arriel , Barak Barkan Refael , Sela Tomer , Harel Nissim 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundHealth organizations and patients interact over different communication channels and are harnessing digital communications for this purpose. Assisting health organizations to improve, adapt, and introduce new patient–health care practitioner communication channels (such as patient portals, mobile apps, and text messaging) enhances health care services access.ObjectiveThis retrospective data study aims to assist health care administrators and policy makers to improve and personalize communication between patients and health care professionals by expanding the capabilities of current communication channels and introducing new ones. Our main hypothesis is that patient follow-up and clinical outcomes are influenced by their preferred communication channels with the health care organization.MethodsThis study analyzes data stored in electronic medical records and logs documenting access to various communication channels between patients and a health organization (Clalit Health Services, Israel). Data were collected between 2008 and 2016 from records of 311,168 patients diagnosed with diabetes, aged 21 years and over, members of Clalit at least since 2007, and still alive in 2016. The analysis consisted of characterizing the use profiles of communication channels over time and used clustering for discretization purposes and patient profile building and then a hierarchical clustering and heatmaps to visualize the different communication profiles.ResultsA total of 13 profiles of patients were identified and characterized. We have shown how the communication channels provided by the health organization influence the communication behavior of patients. We observed how different patients respond differently to technological means of communication and change or don’t change their communication patterns with the health care organization based on the communication channels available to them.ConclusionsIdentifying the channels of communication within the health organization and which are preferred by each patient creates an opportunity to convey messages adapted to the patient in the most appropriate way. The greater the likelihood that the therapeutic message is received by the patient, the greater the patient's response and proactiveness to the treatment will be.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.2196/10734
STUDIES ON SOLID DISPERSIONS OF LEFLUNOMIDE
Authors: PR MAHAPARALE , VP THORAT 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Leflunomide is Non steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drug, which is poorly water soluble. In present study attempt has been made to prepare and characterize solid dispersions of leflunomide to increase solubility of drug.Method: Â In Preparation of solid dispersion of leflunomide different polymer like PEG 4000, PEG 6000, Poloxamer 188 and Poloxamer 407 were used. Â Effects of several variables such as type of carrier used, drug: carrier ratios, method of preparation were studied. The evaluation of solid dispersions was done by solubility study, dissolution study and X-ray diffractometry.Â Result: Improvement in dissolution of drug was observed in all solid dispersions as compared to pure drug alone. Solid dispersions prepared using Poloxamer 188 showed fastest in vitro drug release. Solid dispersions prepared using solvent evaporation method showed relatively faster drug release than melt evaporation method. XRD patterns indicated reduced crystallinity of drug particles, which suggests mechanism of enhanced solubility and dissolution of drug in solid dispersion systems.Conclusion: Â A significant result obtained with the study indicated that solid dispersion by solvent evaporation can successfully be further explored and employed to improve solubility and dissolution characteristics of poorly soluble drugs.Keywords: Leflunomide, Solid dispersion, Carrier
EVALUATION OF IN VIVO IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CAPPARIS MOONII
Authors: G KANASE VANITA , SHETTIGAR SHRUTI 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The present study was intended to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of dried fruits of Capparis moonii Wight.
Methods: The effect of both the extracts was evaluated by carbon clearance assay in mice, and they showed a significant increase in the phagocytic index at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg dose. The effect of the extracts on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody titer assay was evaluated in ovalbumin immunized mice.
Results: Both extracts showed a significant effect on DTH response and stimulation of antibody titer at 200 mg/kg dose. The effects of the extracts in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression mice were also statistically significant.
Conclusion: The studies demonstrated specific and non-specific immunostimulating properties of both the ethanol and aqueous extract of C. moonii fruits in various in vivo experimental methods suggesting its therapeutic usefulness in immunocompromised conditions.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITY OF CURCUMA LONGA LINN. WITH THAT OF IBUPROFEN IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: PHUKAN SWOPNA , DAS SAHELI 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the analgesic activities of Curcuma longa Linn. in the experimental animals.
Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, after getting approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (No MC/68F/2009/MAR-19/02). Healthy rodents weighing between 150 and 200 g were selected and randomly divided into five groups, each group consisting of six animals. Tail-flick analgesiometer was used to assess the analgesic activity of C. longa Linn. and ibuprofen in the experimental animals. Appropriate statistical analyses like Student’s t-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean reaction time (s) was prolonged on gradually increasing the dose of C. longa Linn. from 200 to 400 mg/kg. At 400 mg/kg dose C. longa Linn. produced similar analgesic activity as compared to ibuprofen (30 mg/kg).
Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that curcumin has the capacity to attenuate pain, and when administered in high doses, may produce similar activity as other conventional NSAID’s.