bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact ofTP53mutations in breast cancer: Clinicopathological features and prognosisImpact ofTP53mutations in breast CA
Authors: Li Xuerui , Chen Xiaoqing , Wen Lingzhu , Wang Yulei , Chen Bo , Xue Yunlian , Guo Liping , Liao Ning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTP53is a crucial tumor suppressor gene. However, the mutation pattern ofTP53in Chinese patients with breast cancer has not yet been determined.MethodsA total of 411 untreated patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (GDPH) between June 2017 to September 2018 were recruited into the study. Mutational alterations inTP53were detected and correlations betweenTP53mutations and clinicopathological features analyzed. Comparative analysis of the data in the GDPH cohort with those in the METABRIC cohort were carried out.ResultsA significantly higher rate ofTP53mutations was detected in the GDPH cohort (51.3%) compared with the METABRIC cohort (34.4%) (P < 0.01). In the GDPH cohort, 77.8% of the mutations were located in the conserved areas across exons 5–8 ofTP53; among these, 112 were identified as missense mutations and mainly clustered in the DNA‐binding region. R273C/H (n= 11) and R248Q/W (n= 10) were two of the most common mutation sites ofTP53detected in the cohort of GDPH patients. Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that histological grade III, ki‐67 > = 25%, HR‐ and Her2+ in breast cancer had higher mutation probability ofTP53(P< 0.001 in the GDPH cohort). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model combining molecular typing and Ki‐67 was established to predict the mutation ofTP53, and the AUC was 0.846.ConclusionsA significantly higher rate ofTP53mutation was detected in the Chinese cohort compared with the METABRIC. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association ofTP53mutation with HR‐ and HER2+, higher Ki‐67 and histological grade in breast cancer patients.
The omnistat: A flexible continuous‐culture system for prolonged experimental evolution
Authors: Ekkers David M. , Branco dos Santos Filipe , Mallon Cyrus A. , Bruggeman Frank , van Doorn G. Sander 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Microbial evolution experiments provide a powerful tool to unravel the molecular basis of adaptive evolution but their outcomes can be difficult to interpret, unless the selective forces that are applied during the experiment are carefully controlled. In this respect, experimental evolution in continuous cultures provides advantages over commonly used sequential batch‐culture protocols because continuous cultures allow for more accurate control over the induced selective environment. However, commercial continuous‐culture systems are large and expensive, while available DIY continuous‐culture systems are not versatile enough to allow for multiple sensors and rigorous stirring.

We present a modular continuous‐culture system that adopts the commonly used GL45 glass laboratory bottle as a bioreactor vessel. Our design offers three advantages: first, it is equipped with a large head plate, fitting two sensors and seven input/output ports, enabling the customization of the system for many running modes (chemostat, auxostat, etc.). Second, the bioreactor is small (25–250 ml), which makes it feasible to run many replicates in parallel. Third, bioreactor modules can be coupled by uni‐ or bi‐directional flows to induce spatiotemporal variation in selection. These features result in a particularly flexible culturing platform that facilitates the investigation of a broad range of evolutionary and ecological questions.

To illustrate the versatility of our culturing system, we outline two evolution experiments that impose a temporally or spatially variable regime of selection. The first experiment illustrates how controlled temporal variation in resource availability can be utilized to select for anticipatory switching. The second experiment illustrates a spatially structured morbidostat setup that is designed to probe epistatic interactions between adaptive mutations. Furthermore, we demonstrate how sensor data can be used to stabilize selection pressures or track evolutionary adaptation.

Evolution experiments in which populations are exposed to controlled spatiotemporal variation, are essential to gain insight into the process of adaptation and the mechanisms that constrain evolution. Continuous‐culture systems, like the one presented here, offer control over key environmental parameters and establish a well‐defined regime of selection. As such, they create the opportunity to expose evolutionary constraints in the form of phenotypic trade‐offs, contributing to a mechanistic understanding of adaptive evolution.
Survival after primary breast cancer surgery following propofol or sevoflurane general anesthesia—A retrospective, multicenter, database analysis of 6305 Swedish patients
Authors: Enlund Mats , Berglund Anders , Ahlstrand Rebecca , Walldén Jakob , Lundberg Johan , Wärnberg Fredrik , Ekman Andreas , Sjöblom Widfeldt Nina , Enlund Anna , Bergkvist Leif 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundRetrospective studies indicate that the choice of anesthetic can affect long‐term cancer survival. Propofol seems to have an advantage over sevoflurane. However, this is questioned for breast cancer. We gathered a large cohort of breast cancer surgery patients from seven Swedish hospitals and hypothesized that general anesthesia with propofol would be superior to sevoflurane anesthesia regarding long‐term breast cancer survival.MethodsWe identified all patients who were anaesthetized for breast cancer surgery between 2006 and 2012. The patients were matched to the Swedish Breast Cancer Quality Register, to retrieve tumor characteristics, prognostic factors, and adjuvant treatment as well as date of death. Overall survival between patients undergoing sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia was analyzed with different statistical approaches: (a) multiple Cox regression models adjusted for demographic, oncological, and multiple control variables, (b) propensity score matching on the same variables, but also including the participating centers as a cofactor in a separate analysis.ResultsThe database analysis identified 6305 patients. The 5‐year survival rates were 91.0% and 81.8% for the propofol and sevoflurane group, respectively, in the final model (P = .126). Depending on the statistical adjustment method used, different results were obtained, from a non‐significant to a "proposed" and even a "determined" difference in survival that favored propofol, with a maximum of 9.2 percentage points higher survival rate at 5 years (hazard ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.10‐1.95).ConclusionsIt seems that propofol may have a survival advantage compared with sevoflurane among breast cancer patients, but the inherent weaknesses of retrospective analyses were made apparent.
Whinchat survival estimates across Europe: can excessive adult mortality explain population declines?
Authors: Fay R. , Schaub M. , Banik M. V. , Border J. A. , Henderson I. G. , Fahl G. , Feulner J. , Horch P. , Korner F. , Müller M. , Michel V. , Rebstock H. , Shitikov D. , Tome D. , Vögeli M. , Grüebler M. U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEuropean farmland birds show massive large‐scale population declines due to agricultural intensification. Long‐distance migrants are particularly affected as their populations appear to undergo larger declines than those of residents and short‐distance migrants, raising the question about the impact of non‐breeding environmental conditions and their potential impact on annual survival. The whinchatSaxicola rubetra,an Afro‐Palaearctic migrant inhabiting open habitats, has strongly declined over the last decades. Most of the conservation effort for this species has focused on improving the breeding success in Europe, but it remains unclear whether habitat changes in non‐breeding areas may also have contributed to the population declines through a decrease in adult survival. We studied survival of whinchats from eight breeding populations across Europe by analysing capture–recapture data. We found that apparent survival was consistently higher in males than in females and higher in successful than in failed breeders independently of the sex. True adult survival may, however, hardly differ between sexes being about 0.5 and 0.6 and a simple population model suggests true juvenile survival to be between 0.2 and 0.35. Adult survival was unrelated to population trends suggesting that the main demographic problem of the whinchats is likely insufficient reproduction, a feature that is shared with other declining grassland specialists. Finally, in line with results on other migratory farmland species, our study suggests that conservation activities for whinchats should in first place focus on Europe.
Effect of screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment for unhealthy alcohol and other drug use in mental health treatment settings: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karno Mitchell P. , Rawson Richard , Rogers Benjamin , Spear Suzanne , Grella Christine , Mooney Larissa J. , Saitz Richard , Kagan Bruce , Glasner Suzette 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo test the efficacy of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol or drug use and to promote use of addiction services among patients seeking mental health treatment.Design and settingA multi‐centre, longitudinal, two‐group randomized controlled trial with randomization within each of two mental health treatment systems located in Ventura County and Los Angeles County in California, USA.ParticipantsA total of 718 patients (49.2% female) aged 18 and older with a mental health diagnosis and either a heavy drinking day or any use of cannabis or stimulants in the past 90 days.Intervention and comparatorA motivation‐based brief intervention with personalized feedback (screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) condition) (n = 354) or a health education session (control condition) (n = 364).MeasurementsPrimary outcomes included frequency of heavy drinking days, days of cannabis use and days of stimulant use at the primary end‐point 3 months post‐baseline. Secondary outcomes included frequency and abstinence from substance use out to a 12‐month follow‐up and the use of addiction treatment services.FindingsParticipants in the SBIRT condition had fewer heavy drinking days [odds ratio (OR) = 0.53; 95% credible interval (CrI) = 0.48–0.6] and fewer days of stimulant use (OR = 0.58; 95% CrI = 0.50–0.66) at the 3‐month follow‐up compared with participants in the health education condition. Participants in the SBIRT condition did not comparatively reduce days of cannabis use at the 3‐month follow‐up (OR = 0.93; 95% CrI = 0.85–1.01). Secondary outcomes indicated sustained effects of SBIRT on reducing the frequency of heavy drinking days and days of stimulant use. No effects were observed on abstinence rates or use of addiction treatment services.ConclusionsScreening and brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol and drug use in mental health treatment settings were effective at reducing the frequency of heavy drinking and stimulant use.
DNA fragmentation of human spermatozoa: Simple assessment of single‐ and double‐strand DNA breaks and their respective dynamic behavioral response
Authors: Tímermans Ana , Vázquez Rosana , Otero Fátima , Gosálvez Jaime , Johnston Stephen , Fernández José Luis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundProcedures to detect sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), like the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, determine the “global” SDF without discriminating between spermatozoa with single‐strand DNA breaks only (SDF‐SSBs) and those containing double‐strand DNA breaks (SDF‐DSBs).Objectives(a) To validate a test to distinguish human spermatozoa with massive DSBs (DSB‐SCD assay), (b) to study the baseline SDF‐SSBs and SDF‐DSBs, and (c) to assess their dynamics in vitro.Materials and methods(a) SDF‐DSBs were determined by visualization of diffused DNA fragments from spermatozoa lysed under non‐denaturing conditions. This was validated by in vitro incubation with DNase I and the comet assay. (b) Baseline SDF‐DSBs and SDF‐SSBs were determined in ejaculates from 95 males. (c) Their dynamic appearance was studied in samples untreated or exposed to hyperthermia, acidic pH, nitric oxide released by sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the metabolic energy inhibitors 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and antimycin A.Results(a) DNase I and comet assay experiments confirmed that the assay successfully determined SDF‐DSBs. (b) The higher the SDF of the semen sample, the higher the frequency of SSBs, whereas DSBs behaved independently. Abnormal samples showed higher SDF than normozoospermic, the difference being only significant for SDF‐SSBs. (c) During the first hours of incubation, the linear rate of increase in SDF‐SSBs was 3.7 X higher than that of SDF‐DSBs. All hazardous agents accelerated the SDF rate when compared to untreated spermatozoa, primarily being associated with SDF‐SSBs. SNP treatment was the most damaging, rapidly inducing spermatozoa with SSBs which progressively evolved to DSBs. Remarkably, this phenomenon was also evidenced after acute SNP exposure, revealing cryptic sperm damage.ConclusionThe DSBs‐SCD is an easy complement for SDF assessment. The dynamic study of SSBs and DSBs may improve the evaluation of sperm quality in clinical settings, particularly “unmasking” the presence of non‐specific cryptic sperm damage that might otherwise go undetected.
Risk factors of unsuccessful vaginal twin delivery
Authors: Ylilehto Elina , Palomäki Outi , Huhtala Heini , Uotila Jukka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionTwin trial of labor presents a challenge to obstetricians, as it is associated with a greater number of adverse birth outcomes compared with singleton deliveries. The risk of poor outcome has shown to be highest with unsuccessful vaginal twin delivery. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical risk factors associated with intrapartum cesarean section in late preterm and term twin births.Material and methodsAll live diamniotic twin deliveries of at least 35+0 weeks of gestation with planned vaginal delivery were included in this retrospective single‐center cohort study. Maternal and newborn characteristics were compared between a vaginal delivery group and an intrapartum cesarean section group. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine independent risk factors of intrapartum cesarean section. Further, maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups of vaginal delivery and cesarean section for both twins and also between groups of vaginal delivery and cesarean section for the second twin only (combined delivery). The impact of presentation of the second twin on the mode of twin delivery and on neonatal outcome was also examined.ResultsAmong 821 twin pregnancies, 581 mothers (70.8%) attempted trial of labor and were eligible for the study. With a cephalic‐presenting first twin, the trial of labor rate was 89.3% and vaginal delivery was successful in 82.8%. Nulliparity (odds ratio [OR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0‐5.1) and non‐cephalic presentation of the second twin (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.9‐4.8) were found to be independent risk factors of cesarean section. However, 76.1% of mothers with non‐cephalic second twins achieved vaginal delivery and perinatal outcomes were comparable with cases of cephalic‐presenting second twins. When comparing delivery modes, maternal outcomes were more favorable with vaginal delivery, whereas combined delivery increased the second twin’s risk of adverse neonatal outcome.ConclusionsThis study, with high rates of trial of labor and successful vaginal twin delivery, found nulliparity and non‐cephalic presentation of the second twin to be risk factors of intrapartum cesarean section in twin pregnancies.
Management of pregnancy after fertility‐sparing surgery for cervical cancer
Authors: Šimják Patrik , Cibula David , Pařízek Antonín , Sláma Jiří 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCervical cancer is increasingly diagnosed in women who have not yet completed their reproductive plans. For women with early‐stage disease (FIGO stage IA1‐IB1), fertility‐sparing procedures, such as conization, trachelectomy or radical trachelectomy, represent the treatments of choice. However, women who undergo repeated conization or trachelectomy represent a challenge for obstetricians because they are at increased risk of infertility, mid‐trimester miscarriage, preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery. So far, the evidence‐based guidance on the management of these pregnancies is limited. This article reviews the literature discussing pregnancy management in women after fertility‐sparing surgery for early cervical cancer. Although the evidence is limited, certain measures are desirable, including screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria, screening for cervical incompetence and progressive cervical shortening by transvaginal ultrasonography, and fetal fibronectin testing. Vaginal progesterone supplementation should be primary prevention for all women after trachelectomy. Women with a history of preterm delivery or late miscarriage may benefit from cervical cerclage. Elective delivery by cesarean section in the early‐term period is desirable.
Characteristics and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices: A systematic review
Authors: Carlson Laura A. , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Choi Jae Hwan , Hallett Andrew M. , Horan Dylan P. , Weber Matthew P. , Deb Avijit K. , Patel Sinal , Samuels Louis E. , Morris Rohinton J. , Entwistle John W. , Todd Massey H. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common adverse event after continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (CF‐LVAD) implantation. We sought to evaluate patterns of GIB development and related outcomes in CF‐LVAD recipients. An electronic search was performed to identify all articles related to GIB in the setting of CF‐LVAD implantation. A total of 34 studies involving 1087 patients were pooled for analysis. Mean patient age was 60 years (95% CI 57‐64) and 24% (95% CI 21‐28%) were female. The mean time from CF‐LVAD implantation to the first GIB was 54 days (95% CI 24‐84) with 40% (95% CI 34‐45%) of patients having multiple episodes of GIB. Anemia was present in 75% (95% CI 41‐93%) and the most common etiology of bleeding was arteriovenous malformations (36% [95% CI 24‐50%]). The mean duration of follow‐up was 14.6 months (95% CI 6.9‐22.3) during which the all‐cause mortality rate was 21% (95% CI 12‐36%) and the mortality rate from GIB was 4% (95% CI 2‐9%). Thromboembolic events occurred in 32% (95% CI 22‐44%) of patients with an ischemic stroke rate of 16% (95% CI 3‐51%) and a pump thrombosis rate of 8% (95%CI 3‐22%). Heart transplantation was performed in 31% (95% CI 18‐47%) of patients, after which 0% (95% CI 0‐10%) experienced recurrent GIB. GIB is a major source of morbidity among CF‐LVAD recipients. While death due to GIB is rare, cessation of anticoagulation during treatment increases the risk of subsequent thrombotic events. Heart transplant in these patients appears to reliably resolve the risk of future GIB.
The Mitigating Role of Trait Core Confidence on Psychological Distress in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Sergent Kayla , Lee Dongseop , Stajkovic Alexander D. , Greenwald Jessica M. , Younger Shannon , Raffiee Joe 
Published: May 2020

We conceptualize the mitigating role of trait core confidence on psychological distress in entrepreneurship manifested by occupational stress, anxiety, and depression. To facilitate field research, we first developed a short trait core confidence scale and validated it in six independent samples (N = 2,434). To test our hypothesis that trait core confidence negatively relates to base‐line levels of psychological distress as well as reduces fluctuations of distress in entrepreneurship, we collected data from a 3‐day entrepreneurial event called Startup Weekend across seven occasions in the United States. High trait core confidence was related to lower psychological distress both at the start of the event on Friday and at the end of it on Sunday. Core confidence remained stable from Friday to Sunday, as well as 1 month following the event, affirming its trait properties. Additionally, we measured team confidence during the event and found that high team confidence reduced psychological distress of team members. This research contributes to the research on the role of dispositions in occupational health psychology and to a better understanding of how distress of aspiring entrepreneurs is mitigated by trait core confidence.
Effectiveness of ustekinumab dose escalation in Crohn’s disease patients with insufficient response to standard‐dose subcutaneous maintenance therapy
Authors: Kopylov Uri , Hanzel Jurij , Liefferinckx Claire , De Marco Davide , Imperatore Nicola , Plevris Nikolas , Baston‐Rey Iria , Harris Richard J. , Truyens Marie , Domislovic Viktor , Vavricka Stephan , Biemans Vince , Myers Sally , Sebastian Shaji , Ben‐Horin Shomron , González Lama Yago , Gilletta Cyrielle , Ariella Bar‐Gil Shitrit , Zelinkova Zuzana , Weisshof Roni , Storan Darragh , Zittan Eran , Farkas Klaudia , Molnar Tamas , Franchimont Denis , Cremer Anneline , Afif Waqqas , Castiglione Fabiana , Lees Charles , Barreiro‐de Acosta Manuel , Lobaton Triana , Doherty Glen , Krznaric Zeljko , Pierik Marieke , Hoentjen Frank , Drobne David 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundUstekinumab is effective in Crohn's disease. However, a substantial proportion of patients will not respond or lose response to ustekinumab. The current evidence to support the effectiveness of dose‐optimisation for ustekinumab nonresponse is limited.AimTo assess the effectiveness of dose escalation of ustekinumab.MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective cohort study. We included active Crohn's disease patients who received a standard‐dose intravenous induction and at least one subcutaneous ustekinumab 90 mg dose. All enrolled patients received dose escalation by either shortening the interval between the doses to every 4 or 6 weeks, intravenous reinduction or a combination of strategies. The primary outcome of the study was clinical response at week 16 after dose escalation.ResultsA total of 142 patients (22 centres/14 countries) were included. The patients were dose‐escalated after a median treatment duration of 30 weeks. At week 16 from escalation, 73/142 (51.4%) responded to treatment, including 55/142 (38.7%) in clinical remission. Corticosteroid‐free remission was achieved in 6/34 (17.6%) patients on corticosteroids at the time of escalation; 118/142 (83%) continued treatment beyond week 16. Follow‐up data beyond week 16 were available for 74/118 (62.7%) patients. On the last follow‐up, 51/98 (52%) patients with available data responded to treatment, including 41/98 (42%) in clinical remission.ConclusionsIntensification of ustekinumab maintenance dosage was effective in over 50% of the patients. This strategy should be considered in patients who are nonresponsive to every 8 weeks ustekinumab maintenance dosing.