bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METODE ANALISIS FISIKOKIMIA PADA BAHAN BAKAR U3SI2-AL DENSITAS 4,8 GU/CM3 PASCA IRADIASI
Authors: NUGROHO ARIF , BOYBUL BOYBUL , ANGGRAINI DIAN , GINTING ASLINA BR. 
Published: December 2020

METODE ANALISIS FISIKOKIMIA PADA BAHAN BAKAR U3Si2-Al DENSITAS 4,8 gU/cm3 PASCA IRADIASI. Untuk melakukan uji PIE (Post Irradiation Examination) khususnya analisis fisikokimia terhadap PEB U3Si2-Al dengan densitas 4,8 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi telah dilakukan beberapa pembakuan metode. Pembakuan metode yang dilakukan antara lain metode penentuan distribusi hasil fisi, pemotongan, pelarutan PEB, sedangkan untuk pemisahan dan analisis isotop hasil fisi khususnya 134Cs/137Cs, serta heavy element isotop U dan Pu masih perlu dilakukan pengkajian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan parameter distribusi isotop hasil fisi, pemisahan dan analisis isotop hasil belah Cs dari isotop U dan Pu di dalam PEB U3Si2-Al densitas 4,8 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi dengan burn up. Pembakuan metode dilakukan berdasarkan metode ASTM dan hasil penelitian terhadap PEB U3Si2-Al dengan densitas 2,96 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi. Analisis fisikokimia yang dilakukan terhadap PEB U3Si2-Al dengan densitas 2,96 gU/cm3 diperoleh kandungan isotop 137Cs sebesar 0,000753 g/g sampel, isotop 235U sebesar 0,032839 g/g sampel dan 239Pu 0,0000109 g/g sampel. Kandungan isotop di dalam PEB U3Si2-Al densitas 2,96 gU/cm3 digunakan untuk perhitungan burn up. Metode yang diperoleh siap digunakan untuk analisis fisikokimia terhadap PEB U3Si2-Al densitas 4,8 gU/cm3 pasca iradiasi setelah pelaksanaan uji non destructive test, NDT selesai dilakukan di reaktor.
PENGARUH TEGANGAN DAN WAKTU PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF URANIUM DAN THORIUM DENGAN PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Authors: Ridantami Vemi , Wasito Bangun , Prayitno Prayitno 
Published: December 2020

PENGARUH TEGANGAN DAN WAKTU PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF URANIUM DAN THORIUM DENGAN PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI. Metode pengolahan limbah radioaktif dengan metode fisika dan kimia yang telah dilakukan dinilai kurang efektif, memerlukan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang mahal. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah uranium dan thorium dengan proses elektokoagulasi untuk memisahkan uranium dan thorium dalam limbah cair. Limbah yang digunakan memiliki kadar kontaminan Uranium dan Thorium 500 mg/liter. Pengolahan dilakukan dengan tegangan 10V, 12,5V, dan 15 volt dengan waktu 10,20,30,40,50,dan 60 menit dengan elektroda alumunium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan effisiensi penurunan kontaminan terbaik pada pengolahan ini diperoleh pada kondisi 12,5V dan waktu 60 menit untuk uranium, dengan efisiensi sebesar sebesar 97,2 %, dan thorium pada 12,5 V waktu 30 menit dengan efisiensi penurunan sebesar 99,6 % .
ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ON COOLING TOWER FILL
Authors: Aziz Rohman Hakim Abdul , Achmad Kosasih Engkos 
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses heat and mass transfer in cooling tower fill. In this research, dry bulb temperature at the bottom fill, ambient relative humidity, air stream velocity entering fill, dry bulb temperature leaving the fill, relative humidity of air leaving the fill, inlet and outlet water temperature of cooling tower were measured. Those data used in heat and mass transfer calculation in cooling tower fill. Then, do the heat and mass transfer calculation based on proposed approch. The results are compared with design data. The design and analogy method showed different result. The parameter which influence the heat transfer at cooling tower are represented by coefficient of heat transfer hl and coefficient of mass transfer k­l. The differencies result between design and analogy method shows that there is important parameter which different. Deeply study needed for it.
Improving Paleoseismic Earthquake Magnitude Estimates with Rupture Length Information: Application to the Puget Lowland, Washington State, U.S.A.
Authors: Styron Richard H. , Sherrod Brian 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBoth earthquake displacement and rupture length correlate with magnitude, and, therefore, observations of each from past earthquakes can be used to estimate the magnitude of those earthquakes in the absence of instrumental records. We extend the Bayesian inversion method of Biasi and Weldon (2006), which estimates paleoearthquake magnitude from displacement observations, to incorporate both rupture length and surface displacement measurements into the magnitude inversion. We then use this method on 27 late-Pleistocene to Holocene paleoearthquakes in the Puget Lowland region of Washington. Observations of (typically vertical) fault separation per event range from 0.6 to 7 m, implying net displacement per event of up to 10±4  m for the largest event. Rupture lengths are estimated to vary between the smallest contiguous mapped scarps to the full extent of the faults mapped from geology and geophysical observations. Although, a few of the ruptures may be longer than 150 km, the ruptures have a median of 53 km, indicating that earthquakes in the Puget Lowland have relatively high displacement-to-length ratios. By considering both datasets, we find that all events were between M 6.3 and 7.5, generally consistent with the expected seismicity from the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Map for the region. The simultaneous use of both length and displacement data in the magnitude inversion decreases both the estimated earthquake magnitudes and the uncertainty. The magnitude reduction, in particular, is due to the relatively short rupture lengths possible for Puget Lowland faults. This implies a decrease in the seismic hazard (relative to a displacement-only assessment) to a highly populated and rapidly urbanizing region.
The competences of young teachers in education of pupils with special educational needs
Authors: Slowik J. , Peskova M. , Shatunova O. V. , Bartus E. V. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The present article considers the problem of readiness of young teachers to teach children with special educational needs in countries where the introduction of inclusive education began only in the last decade. The authors describe the key concepts of the theory of formation of professional skills and competences of teachers for working in inclusive education, based on which the results of research conducted in theCzechRepublic,Poland andRussia.The aim of this article is to compare the experience of young teachers in teaching children with special educational needs in relation to their skills and competences needed to perform this task.Methodology and research methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data, which were eventually processed using basic statistics (quantitative survey) and the open-coding method (qualitative content).Results. The results of the study indicate both strong and weak aspects of the skills of young teachers in teaching students with special educational needs. In particular, a qualitative analysis of teachers’ responses revealed some interesting ideas that can be used in the search for improvements in teacher training, as well as in the support provided to teachers working with children with special educational needs directly in the school environment at the beginning of their professional careers. In general, it can be stated that young teachers in all three countries do not feel sufficiently qualified in terms of training to work with these children and are in need of expert support.Scientific novelty. The results of the current research allow for the determination of some priorities in teacher training for the modern development of inclusive education in the countries examined.Practical significance. The presented materials of the research can become the basis for developing a system of expert support for young teachers in the implementation of inclusive education, as well as new programs for preparing future teachers to work with pupils with special educational needs.
Deep Sedation for Patients with Single Ventricle Physiology
Authors: Abdel-Mageed Sarah , Friedman Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Advancements in the palliative surgery of patients with single ventricle physiology have led to an increase in lifespan, necessitating the study of safe deep sedation protocols for painful procedures. This study aims to describe the practice of deep sedation by intensivists outside the operating from for children with single ventricle physiology.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on consecutive patients with single ventricle physiology who received procedural deep sedation performed by intensivists between January 2013 and July 2020. Sedative and analgesic medications used were not protocolized and were up to the discretion of the physician performing the sedation.

Results:
Thirty-three sedations were performed on 27 unique patients. The median age was 3.7 years (25th%, 75th%: 2.1, 15.6). The majority of procedures, 88% (29/33), were done on children with Fontan physiology. The remaining 12% (4/33) were status-post Glenn or hemi-Fontan procedure. The underlying primary cardiac defect was hypoplastic left heart in 52% (17/33) of procedures.

There were 24 chest tube placements and 9 cardioversion procedures; there were no procedural complications.

Ketamine alone [median dose 1.52 mg/kg (range 0.79-3.70)], ketamine [median dose 0.98 mg/kg (range 0.13-2.12)] with propofol [median dose 2.27 mg/kg (range 0.66-3.77)], and ketamine [median dose 1.50 mg/kg (range 0.42-3.02)] with morphine [median dose 0.06 mg/kg (range 0.03-0.20)] were the most common sedation protocols used.

There were minor complications during four procedures. One patient with transient hypotension, two had desaturation, and the fourth had desaturation and apnea. The patients with desaturation received nasal cannula oxygen delivery. The patient with apnea had bag mask valve ventilation. No intervention was reported for hypotension.

Conclusions:
Procedural deep sedation can be safely and effectively administered to single ventricle patients by intensivist led sedation teams.
Incidence of Cerebral Palsy, Seizure Disorder and Developmental Delay in Newborns with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Following Treatment with Hypothermia
Authors: Adedokun Kazeerat , Wolfe Heather 
Published: December 2020

Neonatal Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition that can lead to significant neurological problems, developmental delay, and mortality. Fetal oxygen deficiency decreases cardiac output, leading to reduced cerebral blood flow and brain injury. In 2006 the United States spent over 300 billion dollars in disability related health care expenditure. HIE if left untreated leads to poor quality of life, and survivors end up with lifelong disabilities. Therapeutic hypothermia became standard of care in 2002, and evidence has shown it has neuroprotective benefit. We hypothesize that neonates treated with hypothermia will have lower incidence of cerebral palsy (CP), seizure disorder (SD) and developmental delay (DD), compared to neonates diagnosed with HIE prior to the current standard of care. Compared to healthy neonates, neonates treated with hypothermia will have higher incidence of CP, SD, and DD

Project Methods: A retrospective chart review will be performed using 200 participants with medical records from Lutheran health network neonate intensive care unit. Historical data from prior to the current standard of care (January 2007 to 2011) will be used for newborns with HIE. Another data set from January 2015 to December 2019 will be used for newborns treated with hypothermia and healthy patients as well. The TIMP test will be used to assess motor performance in early infancy. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development third edition will be used to measure cognitive, language and motor development. Cerebral palsy will be assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Results: We expect that the results of this study will match previous research, which found that neonates treated with hypothermia had better outcomes compared to neonates not treated with hypothermia.

Potential Impact: If found to be effective, this intervention may improve the quality and quantity of a patient’s life and reduce the cost of healthcare spending on disability.
Clinical Courses and Characteristics of Residents During a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak at a Central Indiana Skilled Nursing Facility
Authors: Albert Lauren , Lieb Kristi , Mack Laramie , Unroe Kathleen 
Published: December 2020

Background/Objective: Older adults such as skilled nursing facility residents have increased risk of serious SARS-CoV-2 infection and comprise a large proportion of the COVID-19 pandemic’s deceased—the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services report 232,831 cases and 38,518 resident deaths to date. Recent case reports reveal, as in other diseases, older adults may experience atypical symptomology, complicating identification of ill residents and efforts to slow transmission. While a few facility outbreaks have been characterized epidemiologically, little research exists regarding clinical timelines and trajectories which residents experience during COVID-19 illness.
Methods: From May 9, 2020-June 1, 2020, daily notes on each COVID-19 positive resident’s status (n = 69) were taken by the medical director of a central Indiana nursing facility. Combined with a retrospective resident chart review of this same period, these notes were examined for COVID-19 infection symptoms and illness timelines to descriptively categorize a number of common illness trajectories and symptoms seen in residents with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results: Residents fit four descriptive clinical timelines: concurrent symptom load with quick death (Avg 5.6 days) (n = 5), accumulating symptom load with gradual decline (Avg. 13.9 days) (n = 9), prolonged active symptom load with periods of stabilization and symptom reoccurrence (n = 42), and asymptomatic or atypical symptom load (n = 12). Most common symptoms were fever, hypoxia, anorexia, and fatigue/malaise. Of the 14 residents who died (20.3% of infected), 8 died in the facility and 6 died in the hospital.
Conclusion and Implications: This retrospective case study adds to literature describing the presentation and symptomology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of skilled nursing facilities and aids efforts to evaluate resident presentation, prognosis, and disease course. Robust descriptions of expected clinical courses may support realistic expectations of disease progression for residents and their family members experiencing future outbreaks.
Targeting of Non-Structural Protein 9 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Anderson Matthew , Turchi John 
Published: December 2020

Background/Hypothesis:
The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a human coronavirus responsible for a global pandemic with over 13 million confirmed cases. Currently, there are no treatments to block viral infection or replication. Exploring novel therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and future coronaviruses holds great promise for treating the current and future outbreaks. One such target is the non-structural protein 9 (nsp9), which has been shown to be highly conserved and unique to the coronavirus family as well as playing a role in viral replication. We hypothesize nsp9 is a viable target for therapeutic development.

Methods:
Towards determining the utility of targeting nsp9, a series of databases were queried for articles pertaining to nsp9 in SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses and coronaviruses in general. We assessed structural, biochemical and cellular features of nsp9.

Results:
Nsp9 forms a homodimer via a conserved a-helix containing a glycine-rich interaction motif (GxxxG). Dimerization at the GxxxG interface is required for efficient viral replication. Nsp9’s core is an open, six-stranded b-barrel whose fold gives it a structure similar to nucleic acid binding OB-fold proteins. This OB-like fold has not been detected in replicative complexes of other RNA viruses and may reflect the unique and complex CoV replication machinery. Nsp9 is an indispensable component of the replication complex that binds single-stranded RNA in a concentration-dependent manner. A recent bioinformatic approach also found that nsp9 interacts with NF-kappa-B-repressing factor and may play a role in the IL-8/IL-6 mediated chemotaxis of neutrophils and inflammatory response observed in Covid-19 patients.

Conclusion/Potential Impact:
Based on this research, we conclude nsp9 represents a novel therapeutic target whose OB-like-fold may provide a targetable structure for interrupting RNA binding and impairing viral replication. This study will help inform current and future research that seeks to target nsp9’s structure and biochemical interactions as treatment for coronavirus infection.
Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Following Traumatic Splenectomy: What Techniques Affect Incidence?
Authors: Arnold Peter , Meagher Ashley , Hartwell Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis:
Development of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in cases of adult splenectomy following trauma occur in 1-3% of cases. Incidence of this complication leads to increased mortality rates, length-of-stays (LOS), and costs for patients. In cases where no previous pancreatic injury was noted, we hypothesized that the use of sutures in splenic hilum ligation instead of staples reduced the rate of incidence.

Methods:
Adult trauma patients (age ≥17 years) that underwent non-elective splenectomy from 2010-2020 at Indiana University Methodist Hospital were retrospectively evaluated from the hospital’s trauma registry. Due to the low incidence of POPF, our review was not adequately powered to perform statistical analysis with integrity; thus, we report our findings as a case series.

Results:
262 adult splenectomies following trauma occurred between 2010 and 2020; 160 passed exclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. Sutures alone across hilar structures were used in 135 cases, 6 of which developed POPF (4.4%). Staples alone across hilar structures were used in 13 cases, 3 of which developed POPF (23%). A combination of staples and sutures was used in 10 cases, none of which developed POPF. In cases of POPF, individuals averaged hospital LOS of 31.6 days, ICU LOS of 15.8 days, and 47.3 days with an abdominal drain in place. These patients averaged 4.78 abdominal CT scans, 1.11 endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP), and 0.78 drain exchanges performed.

Conclusion:
Though not statistically significant, we noted that POPF are more likely to develop when staples alone are used across hilar structures. In our 10-year retrospective review of POPF, we found the complication to be rare but morbid, with associated prolonged length of hospital and ICU stays and requiring multiple imaging studies and interventions, leading to increased costs. We conclude that further study of optimal technique for emergent splenectomy is warranted.
Reducing Length of Stay is not Associated with Increased Readmission Rates Following Lower Extremity Arterial Bypass
Authors: Arungwa Dirichi , Gonzalez Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Traditional fee-for-service reimbursement models for medical services have been increasingly replaced with the merit-based and efficiency-driven pay-for-performance initiatives. Financial incentives to decrease expenditures have added pressure on hospitals and providers to reduce length of stay (LOS). Concern has been raised that this strategy may unwittingly increase readmission rates. We sought to better understand potential trade-offs between these two outcome measures for hospitals performing lower extremity arterial bypass (LEAB).
Methods:
We performed a retrospective observational cohort study of 479,366 Medicare beneficiaries undergoing LEAB in 1,708 hospitals from 2005-2009. Using LOS quintiles and a multiple logistic regression model, we generated risk-adjusted readmission rates (RARR) accounting for age, gender, pre-existing comorbidities, non-elective admission status, post-operative complications, and discharge destination. We then compared RARRs across LOS quintiles. Finally, we evaluated the association between hospital LOS on readmissions performance after adjusting for hospital volume, location, teaching status, bed size, and non-home discharges.
Results:
The mean hospital 30-day RARR was 14.5% (SD 3.5%) and the median LOS 4 days (range 3-6 days). Hospitals with the shortest median LOS (2.3 days) had slightly lower readmission rates compared to those with the highest median LOS (9.2 days) (13.3% vs 15.8%, p <0.001). The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.15 (p < 0.001), indicating a very weak correlation between LOS and RARR.
Conclusion and Potential Implications:
At the hospital-level, there appears to be little tradeoff between LOS and RARR, implying these outcomes measure different domains of hospital quality and can be used as indicators of care quality and the likelihood for post-discharge adverse events. As it is possible for hospitals to perform well on both measures, pay-for-performance initiatives may consider incentivizing reducing LOS and readmissions.
Incidence of Femoral Stem Subsidence Following Aseptic Hip Revision Using Tapered, Fluted Titanium Stems
Authors: Baldwin Thomas , Deckard Evan , Ziemba-Davis Mary , Buller Leornard , Meneghini R. Michael 
Published: December 2020

Background and Hypothesis: Implant design in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) has evolved such that tapered, fluted titanium (TFT) femoral stems have become the gold standard. However, there is a paucity of data on TFT stem subsidence rates following aseptic rTHA. Subsidence can lead to stem loosening, hip instability, leg length discrepancy, and gait impairment in which patients experience great physical challenges requiring undesirable repeat revision surgery. This study assessed the incidence of subsidence in aseptic rTHA performed with TFT stems.

Design/Methods: 102 TFT femoral stems implanted between 2011 and 2020 at a single center were retrospectively reviewed. Stem subsidence was measured on digital radiographic images taken immediately after surgery, at 4-weeks and 1-year postoperatively, and at subsequent follow-up clinic visits. Patient characteristics and risk factors for subsidence, revision etiology, and surgical details (stem type, size, etc.) also were extracted from the electronic medical record.

Results: 102 aseptic rTHAs were analyzed. 21.8% (22/101) of stems subsided between the immediate postoperative and 4 week follow-up period. 43.1% (22/51) of stems subsided between 4 weeks and 1 year postoperatively, and 39.3% (11/28) of stems subsided between 1 year and latest follow-up (>12 months post-op). At all three time periods, the amount of subsidence was <3 mm in a majority of cases (77% to 96%) which is considered to be an acceptable amount of stem subsidence or “settling.” Only seven TFT stems had subsided more than 3 mm. Two of these stems subsided 10 or more mm but had not required revision at latest follow-up of 4 and 8 years.

Conclusion and Potential Impact: The incidence of significant TFT stem subsidence requiring repeat revision surgery was relatively low in this cohort. Further research is warranted to identify specific risk factors for subsidence of TFT femoral stems.