bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of the blend of Polyurethane (PU) and Phase Change Materials (PCM) for energy storage and release
Authors: Tariq Asra , Shakir M Fayzan , Afzal Ayesha , Abdul Rashid Iqra , Iqbal M Azfar , Rauf Ammar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Utilizing thermal energy storage (TES) system having phase change material (PCM) in it is an effective technique for energy conservation and reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Fatty acids have the highest energy storage capacity and easy to process in comparison to all other PCM. Eutectic mixture of palmitic acid (PA) and capric acid (CA) was prepared and thermal analysis was done to confirm its latent heat storage capacity for energy storage and release. This eutectic mixture of fatty acids was physically blended in PMMA to avoid leakage. Fatty acid blended PMMA (F-PMMA) was blended with polyurethane (PU) foam. 10% F-PMMA added as an additive in PU offered highest compressive strength with improved energy absorption.
Accidental Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activation of Carbon Dioxide Tissue Expanders
Authors: Patete Carissa L , Plastini Michael , Mathew Prakash J , Yoo Jason J , Panthaki Zubin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Implant-based reconstruction is the most common form of breast reconstruction following mastectomy. It is most often performed in 2 stages using saline-based tissue expanders, which are then exchanged for permanent implants. Serial expansions are performed by accessing a port in the office, an inconvenient and sometimes painful process. A carbon dioxide tissue expander is a device that provides a needle-free, patient-controlled expansion utilizing a remote-controlled CO2 canister. While a patient-controlled expansion offers convenience, given that the CO2 reservoir holds approximately 1500 mL of gas, the potential for malfunction resulting in an uncontrolled expansion in unique to this device. The authors present a case report of a patient with bilateral pre-pectoral tissue expanders who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, resulting in uncontrolled expansion.

Level of Evidence: 5
Improved design and analysis of practical minimizers
Authors: Zheng Hongyu , Kingsford Carl , Marçais Guillaume 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Minimizers are methods to sample k-mers from a string, with the guarantee that similar set of k-mers will be chosen on similar strings. It is parameterized by the k-mer length k, a window length w and an order on the k-mers. Minimizers are used in a large number of softwares and pipelines to improve computation efficiency and decrease memory usage. Despite the method’s popularity, many theoretical questions regarding its performance remain open. The core metric for measuring performance of a minimizer is the density, which measures the sparsity of sampled k-mers. The theoretical optimal density for a minimizer is 1/w, provably not achievable in general. For given k and w, little is known about asymptotically optimal minimizers, that is minimizers with density O(1/w).

Results
We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for existence of asymptotically optimal minimizers. We also provide a randomized algorithm, called the Miniception, to design minimizers with the best theoretical guarantee to date on density in practical scenarios. Constructing and using the Miniception is as easy as constructing and using a random minimizer, which allows the design of efficient minimizers that scale to the values of k and w used in current bioinformatics software programs.

Availability and implementation
Reference implementation of the Miniception and the codes for analysis can be found at https://github.com/kingsford-group/miniception.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gender, Parenting and Practices in Child Welfare Social Work? A Comparative Study from England, Ireland, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Nygren Karina , Walsh Julie C , Ellingsen Ingunn T , Christie Alastair 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article explores ways in which gender equality, family policy and child welfare social work intersect in four countries: England, Ireland, Norway and Sweden. Over time, conditions for gender equality in parenting have improved, partly due to family policy developments removing structural barriers. These changes, however, vary between countries; Sweden and Norway are considered more progressive as compared with the UK and Ireland. Here, we draw on focus group data collected from child welfare social workers in England, Ireland, Norway and Sweden to compare these different contextual changes and how these are reflected in related social work practice decisions. The focus group discussions were based on a vignette, and thematic analysis was applied. Overall, welfare social workers are aware of the need to support gender equality in parenting, there is a heavy focus on mothers in child welfare practice decisions, and fathers are largely absent. Uniquely, we show that this is influenced by both a strong child-centred perspective, and a gendered risk perspective, in which fathers are seen to pose more risk to the children than mothers.
Metal chelation reduces skin epithelial inflammation and rescues epithelial cells from toxicity due to thermal injury in a rat model
Authors: El Ayadi Amina , Wang Cheng Z , Zhang Min , Wetzel Michael , Prasai Anesh , Finnerty Celeste C , Enkhbaatar Perenlei , Herndon David N , Ansari Naseem H 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most pervasive complications of burn injury is wound progression, characterized by continuous tissue destruction in untreated wounds, which leads to wound infection, inflammation, oxidative stress and excessive scar formation. We determined whether additional tissue destruction could be attenuated with Livionex formulation (LF) lotion, which contains a metal-chelating agent and reduces inflammation in burn wounds.MethodsWe subjected male Sprague Dawley rats to a 2% total body surface area (TBSA) burn using a brass comb model and topically applied LF lotion (containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and methyl sulfonyl methane) to the affected area every 8 hours over 3 days. Inflammatory cytokine levels, cell apoptosis and wound healing were compared in LF lotion-treated and untreated rats. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance in conjunction with Tukey’s post-hoc test.ResultsSerum inflammatory cytokines were not detectable after 3 days, suggesting that small burn wounds induce only an immediate, localized inflammatory response. Microscopy revealed that LF lotion improved burn site pathology. Deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-d-UTP nick-end labeling staining showed reduced cell death in the LF-treated samples. LF lotion prevented the spread of tissue damage, as seen by increased amounts of Ki-67-positive nuclei in the adjacent epidermis and hair follicles. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in LF-treated skin sections from burned rats were comparable to the levels observed in unburned control sections, indicating that LF lotion reduces inflammation in and around the burn site.ConclusionsThese results establish LF lotion as a therapeutic agent for reducing inflammatory stress, cell death and tissue destruction when applied immediately after a burn injury. Further studies of LF lotion on large TBSA burns will determine its efficacy as an emergency treatment for reducing long-term morbidity and scarring.
IL-23R in laryngeal cancer: a cancer immunoediting process that facilitates tumor cell proliferation and results in cisplatin resistance
Authors: Tao Ye , Shen Hailong , Liu Yujie , Li Guojun , Huang Zhigang , Liu Yehai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Oncogenic pathogens can disturb tissue homeostasis and initiate immune responses for oncogenicity clearance and homeostasis restoration, while failed clearance and chronic inflammation may result in tumorigenesis. The primary tumor development will undergo a cancer immunoediting process, including three phases, termed elimination, equilibrium and escape. Importantly, immune-edited tumor cells can not only reduce immunogenic molecular expression but also manipulate cytokines within the tumor environment (TME) for immune evasion and tumor proliferation. Many studies have revealed that IL-23R performed an essential role in mucous inflammation and tumorigenesis, and the role of IL-23R, either in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or within immune-edited tumor cells, remained largely unknown in laryngeal cancer (LC). Here, we separately analyzed the IL-23R expression in LC TILs and tumor cells and found that high IL-23R expression in tumor cells was associated with moderate and poor tumor differentiation and an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that human LC tissues overexpress signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and the relevance analysis found this STAT3 overexpression had a significant correlation with IL-23R expression. Besides, we isolated and cultured IL-23R+ human tumor cells from the postoperation tumor sample of three LC patients, and found that rhIL-23 could phosphorylate STAT3 (pSTAT3, residue Y705), which resulted in cancer cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance. These results indicate that IL-23R was a Hallmark of cancer immunoediting process, and targeting IL-23 should be considered as a therapeutic option for laryngeal function preservation and survival improvement.
KORGAN: An Efficient PKI Architecture Based on PBFT Through Dynamic Threshold Signatures
Authors: Yasin Kubilay Murat , Sabir Kiraz Mehmet , Ali Mantar Haci 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring the past decade, several misbehaving certificate authorities (CAs) have issued fraudulent TLS certificates allowing man-in-the-middle (MITM) kinds of attacks that result in serious security incidents. In order to avoid such incidents, Yakubov et al. ((2018) A blockchain-based PKI management framework. NOMS 2018 - 2018 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, Taipei, Taiwan, April, pp. 16. IEEE) recently proposed a new public key infrastructure (PKI) architecture where CAs issue, revoke and validate X.509 certificates on a public blockchain. However, in their proposal TLS clients are subject to MITM kinds of attacks, and certificate transparency is not fully provided. In this paper, we eliminate the issues of the Yakubov et al.’s scheme and propose a new PKI architecture based on permissioned blockchain with PBFT consensus mechanism where the consensus nodes utilize a dynamic threshold signature scheme to generate signed blocks. In this way, the trust to the intermediary entities can be completely eliminated during certificate validation. Our scheme enjoys the dynamic property of the threshold signature because TLS clients do not have to change the verification key even if the validator set is dynamic. We implement our proposal on private Ethereum network to demonstrate the experimental results. The results show that our proposal has negligible overhead during TLS handshake. The certificate validation duration is less than the duration in the conventional PKI and Yakubov et al.’s scheme.
Auxotrophic interactions: a stabilizing attribute of aquatic microbial communities?
Authors: Johnson Winifred M , Alexander Harriet , Bier Raven L , Miller Dan R , Muscarella Mario E , Pitz Kathleen J , Smith Heidi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAuxotrophy, or an organism's requirement for an exogenous source of an organic molecule, is widespread throughout species and ecosystems. Auxotrophy can result in obligate interactions between organisms, influencing ecosystem structure and community composition. We explore how auxotrophy-induced interactions between aquatic microorganisms affect microbial community structure and stability. While some studies have documented auxotrophy in aquatic microorganisms, these studies are not widespread, and we therefore do not know the full extent of auxotrophic interactions in aquatic environments. Current theoretical and experimental work suggests that auxotrophy links microbial community members through a complex web of metabolic dependencies. We discuss the proposed ways in which auxotrophy may enhance or undermine the stability of aquatic microbial communities, highlighting areas where our limited understanding of these interactions prevents us from being able to predict the ecological implications of auxotrophy. Finally, we examine an example of auxotrophy in harmful algal blooms to place this often theoretical discussion in a field context where auxotrophy may have implications for the development and robustness of algal bloom communities. We seek to draw attention to the relationship between auxotrophy and community stability in an effort to encourage further field and theoretical work that explores the underlying principles of microbial interactions.
Rayleigh-wave multicomponent crosscorrelation-based source strength distribution inversions. Part 2: a workflow for field seismic data
Authors: Xu Zongbo , Mikesell T Dylan , Umlauft Josefine , Gribler Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYEstimation of ambient seismic source distributions (e.g. location and strength) can aid studies of seismic source mechanisms and subsurface structure investigations. One can invert for the ambient seismic (noise) source distribution by applying full-waveform inversion (FWI) theory to seismic (noise) crosscorrelations. This estimation method is especially applicable for seismic recordings without obvious body-wave arrivals. Data pre-processing procedures are needed before the inversion, but some pre-processing procedures commonly used in ambient noise tomography can bias the ambient (noise) source distribution estimation and should not be used in FWI. Taking this into account, we propose a complete workflow from the raw seismic noise recording through pre-processing procedures to the inversion. We present the workflow with a field data example in Hartoušov, Czech Republic, where the seismic sources are CO2 degassing areas at Earth’s surface (i.e. a fumarole or mofette). We discuss factors in the processing and inversion that can bias the estimations, such as inaccurate velocity model, anelasticity and array sensitivity. The proposed workflow can work for multicomponent data across different scales of field data.
Beware, commercial chondroitinases vary in activity and substrate specificity
Authors: Spliid Charlotte B , Toledo Alejandro Gomez , Salanti Ali , Esko Jeffrey D , Clausen Thomas Mandel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChondroitin sulfate (CS)and dermatan sulfate (DS) are negatively charged polysaccharides found abundantly in animal tissue and have been extensively described to play key roles in health and disease. The most common method to analyze their structure is by digestion into disaccharides with bacterial chondroitinases, followed by chromatography and/or mass spectrometry. While studying the structure of oncofetal CS, we noted a large variation in the activity and specificity of commercially available chondroitinases. Here studied the kinetics of the enzymes and used high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine the di- and oligosaccharide products resulting from the digestion of commercially available bovine CS A, shark CS C and porcine DS, focusing on chondroitinases ABC, AC and B from different vendors. Application of a standardized assay setup demonstrated large variations in the enzyme-specific activity compared to the values provided by vendors, large variation in enzyme specific activity of similar enzymes from different vendors and differences in the extent of cleavage of the substrates and the generated products. The high variability of different chondroitinases highlights the importance of testing enzyme activity and monitoring product formation in assessing the content and composition of chondroitin and DSs in cells and tissues.
Between the bear and the dragon: multivectorism in Kazakhstan as a model strategy for secondary powers
Authors: Vanderhill Rachel , Joireman Sandra F , Tulepbayeva Roza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kazakhstan has followed a foreign policy of multivector diplomacy since its independence from the former Soviet Union. While multivectorism was a strategy of necessity in its early years, it has evolved to empower Kazakhstan to effectively protect its independence and negotiate its relationship with the great powers on its borders and further afield. After the 2014 Russian seizure of Crimea it is noteworthy that Kazakhstan has maintained positive relations with Russia while asserting its sovereignty and independent foreign policy. In this article we investigate how Kazakhstan has negotiated the rise of China, taking advantage of the economic opportunities it presents. We trace the foreign policy of Kazakhstan from independence forward, examining its relationships with its Great Power neighbours and its role in international organizations and negotiations. We posit that multivectorism is similar to the strategy of omni-enmeshment and complex balancing seen in south-east Asia. Both are effective methods for secondary powers to protect their sovereignty and to coexist with Great Powers without becoming their client states. Kazakhstan's approach to foreign policy is an exemplar for secondary states. This article contributes to the literature on the strategic decision-making of secondary powers and to the theoretical analysis of the foreign policy of Kazakhstan during a critical moment of transition from the long-time rule of Nursultan Nazarbayev to the presidency of Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.
Morphological and Transcriptional Changes in Human Bone Marrow During Natural Plasmodium vivax Malaria Infections
Authors: Brito Marcelo A M , Baro Bàrbara , Raiol Tainá C , Ayllon-Hermida Alberto , Safe Izabella P , Deroost Katrien , Figueiredo Erick F G , Costa Allyson G , Armengol Maria del P , Sumoy Lauro , Almeida Anne C G , Hounkpe Bidossessi W , De Paula Erich V , Fernandez-Becerra Cármen , Monteiro Wuelton M , del Portillo Hernando A , Lacerda Marcus V G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The presence of Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites in the human bone marrow (BM) is still controversial. However, recent data from a clinical case and experimental infections in splenectomized nonhuman primates unequivocally demonstrated the presence of parasites in this tissue.

Methods
In the current study, we analyzed BM aspirates of 7 patients during the acute attack and 42 days after drug treatment. RNA extracted from CD71+ cell suspensions was used for sequencing and transcriptomic analysis.

Results
We demonstrated the presence of parasites in all patients during acute infections. To provide further insights, we purified CD71+ BM cells and demonstrated dyserythropoiesis and inefficient erythropoiesis in all patients. In addition, RNA sequencing from 3 patients showed that genes related to erythroid maturation were down-regulated during acute infections, whereas immune response genes were up-regulated.

Conclusions
This study thus shows that during P. vivax infections, parasites are always present in the BM and that such infections induced dyserythropoiesis and ineffective erythropoiesis. Moreover, infections induce transcriptional changes associated with such altered erythropoietic response, thus highlighting the importance of this hidden niche during natural infections.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Myocardial Diastolic Dysfunction and Soluble ST2 Concentration in Tanzanian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kingery Justin R , Goyal Parag , Hosalli Rahul , Lee Myung Hee , Desderius Bernard , Kalokola Fredrick , Makubi Abel , Fadhil Salama , Kapiga Saidi , Karmali Dipan , Kaminstein Daniel , Devereux Richard , McNairy Margaret , Johnson Warren , Fitzgerald Daniel , Peck Robert 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The aims of this study were (1) to compare the prevalence of myocardial diastolic dysfunction (DD) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)–naive people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–uninfected adults in East Africa and (2) to determine the association between serum concentration of the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and DD.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled PLWH and uninfected adults at a referral HIV clinic in Mwanza, Tanzania. Standardized history, echocardiography, and serum were obtained. Regression models were used to quantify associations.

Results
We enrolled 388 ART-naive PLWH and 461 HIV-uninfected adults with an average age of 36.0 ± 10.2 years. Of PLWH in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of life, 5.0%, 12.5%, and 32.7%, respectively, had DD. PLWH had a higher prevalence of DD (adjusted odds ratio, 2.71 [95% confidence interval, 1.62–4.55]; P &lt; .0001). PLWH also had a higher probability of dysfunction with one or fewer traditional risk factors present. Serum ST2 concentration was associated with dysfunction in PLWH but not uninfected participants (P = .04 and P = .90, respectively).

Conclusions
In a large population of young adults in sub-Saharan Africa, DD prevalence increased starting in the third decade of life. HIV was independently associated with dysfunction. Serum ST2 concentration was associated with DD in PLWH but not HIV-uninfected participants. This pathway may provide insight into the mechanisms of HIV-associated dysfunction.
Achievement of clinical isavuconazole blood concentrations in transplant recipients with isavuconazonium sulphate capsules administered via enteral feeding tube
Authors: McCreary Erin K , Nguyen M Hong , Davis Matthew R , Borlagdan Jared , Shields Ryan K , Anderson Anthony D , Rivosecchi Ryan M , Marini Rachel V , Sacha Lauren M , Silveira Fernanda P , Andes David R , Lepak Alexander J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIsavuconazole is a triazole antifungal available in IV and capsule formulation. Prescribing information states that capsules should not be chewed, crushed, dissolved or opened because the drug was not studied in this manner. However, considering the pharmacokinetics of the capsules, we theorized opening and sprinkling the contents into an enteral feeding tube (EFT) would result in adequate absorption and systemic concentrations of isavuconazole.ObjectivesTo determine whether patients receiving isavuconazonium sulphate capsules via EFT would achieve clinical blood concentrations of isavuconazole.MethodsNineteen solid organ and HCT recipients receiving isavuconazole via EFT for prevention or treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI) were prospectively identified at four academic medical centres in the USA. Patients were included in this evaluation if they received isavuconazole via EFT for at least 5 days and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was performed.ResultsTDM was performed after a median of 7 days (range 6–17) following EFT administration and 15 days (range 7–174) of isavuconazole therapy overall. Median isavuconazole concentration was 1.8 μg/mL (range 0.3–5.2). Median isavuconazole concentrations in patients with or without prior IV administration were 1.8 μg/mL (range 0.3–5.2) and 2.2 μg/mL (range 0.8–3.6; P = 0.896), respectively. Concentrations achieved with the EFT route were similar to or greater than the corresponding concentrations via the IV route in six patients who had TDM performed during both routes of administration.ConclusionsIt is reasonable to consider opening isavuconazonium sulphate capsules and administering the contents enterally for prevention and treatment of IFI.