bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High dose oral rifampicin to improve survival from adult tuberculous meningitis: A randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded phase III trial (the HARVEST study)
Authors: Marais Suzaan , Cresswell Fiona V , Hamers Raph L. , te Brake Lindsey H.M. , Ganiem Ahmad R. , Imran Darma , Bangdiwala Ananta , Martyn Emily , Kasibante John , Kagimu Enock , Musubire Abdu , Maharani Kartika , Estiasari Riwanti , Kusumaningrum Ardiana , Kusumadjayanti Nadytia , Yunivita Vycke , Naidoo Kogieleum , Lessells Richard , Moosa Yunus , Svensson Elin M. , Huppler Hullsiek Katherine , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Boulware David R. , van Crevel Reinout , Ruslami Rovina , Meya David B. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB), results in death or neurological disability in >50%, despite World Health Organisation recommended therapy. Current TBM regimen dosages are based on data from pulmonary TB alone. Evidence from recent phase II pharmacokinetic studies suggests that high dose rifampicin (R) administered intravenously or orally enhances central nervous system penetration and may reduce TBM associated mortality. We hypothesize that, among persons with TBM, high dose oral rifampicin (35 mg/kg) for 8 weeks will improve survival compared to standard of care (10 mg/kg), without excess adverse events. Protocol: We will perform a parallel group, randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind, phase III multicentre clinical trial comparing high dose oral rifampicin to standard of care. The trial will be conducted across five clinical sites in Uganda, South Africa and Indonesia. Participants are HIV-positive or negative adults with clinically suspected TBM, who will be randomised (1:1) to one of two arms: 35 mg/kg oral rifampicin daily for 8 weeks (in combination with standard dose isoniazid [H], pyrazinamide [Z] and ethambutol [E]) or standard of care (oral HRZE, containing 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin). The primary end-point is 6-month survival. Secondary end points are: i) 12-month survival ii) functional and neurocognitive outcomes and iii) safety and tolerability. Tertiary outcomes are: i) pharmacokinetic outcomes and ii) cost-effectiveness of the intervention. We will enrol 500 participants over 2.5 years, with follow-up continuing until 12 months post-enrolment. Discussion: Our best TBM treatment still results in unacceptably high mortality and morbidity. Strong evidence supports the increased cerebrospinal fluid penetration of high dose rifampicin, however conclusive evidence regarding survival benefit is lacking. This study will answer the important question of whether high dose oral rifampicin conveys a survival benefit in TBM in HIV-positive and -negative individuals from Africa and Asia. Trial registration: ISRCTN15668391 (17/06/2019)
Augmented reality in orthopaedics
Authors: Laverdière Carl , Corban Jason , Khoury Jason , Ge Susan Mengxiao , Schupbach Justin , Harvey Edward J. , Reindl Rudy , Martineau Paul A. 
Published: December 2019

Aims Computer-based applications are increasingly being used by orthopaedic surgeons in their clinical practice. With the integration of technology in surgery, augmented reality (AR) may become an important tool for surgeons in the future. By superimposing a digital image on a user’s view of the physical world, this technology shows great promise in orthopaedics. The aim of this review is to investigate the current and potential uses of AR in orthopaedics. Materials and Methods A systematic review of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases up to January 2019 using the keywords ‘orthopaedic’ OR ‘orthopedic AND augmented reality’ was performed by two independent reviewers. Results A total of 41 publications were included after screening. Applications were divided by subspecialty: spine (n = 15), trauma (n = 16), arthroplasty (n = 3), oncology (n = 3), and sports (n = 4). Out of these, 12 were clinical in nature. AR-based technologies have a wide variety of applications, including direct visualization of radiological images by overlaying them on the patient and intraoperative guidance using preoperative plans projected onto real anatomy, enabling hands-free real-time access to operating room resources, and promoting telemedicine and education. Conclusion There is an increasing interest in AR among orthopaedic surgeons. Although studies show similar or better outcomes with AR compared with traditional techniques, many challenges need to be addressed before this technology is ready for widespread use. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1479–1488
Virtual reality training improves trainee performance in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Logishetty Kartik , Rudran Branavan , Cobb Justin P. 
Published: December 2019

Aims Arthroplasty skills need to be acquired safely during training, yet operative experience is increasingly hard to acquire by trainees. Virtual reality (VR) training using headsets and motion-tracked controllers can simulate complex open procedures in a fully immersive operating theatre. The present study aimed to determine if trainees trained using VR perform better than those using conventional preparation for performing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Patients and Methods A total of 24 surgical trainees (seven female, 17 male; mean age 29 years (28 to 31)) volunteered to participate in this observer-blinded 1:1 randomized controlled trial. They had no prior experience of anterior approach THA. Of these 24 trainees, 12 completed a six-week VR training programme in a simulation laboratory, while the other 12 received only conventional preparatory materials for learning THA. All trainees then performed a cadaveric THA, assessed independently by two hip surgeons. The primary outcome was technical and non-technical surgical performance measured by a THA-specific procedure-based assessment (PBA). Secondary outcomes were step completion measured by a task-specific checklist, error in acetabular component orientation, and procedure duration. Results VR-trained surgeons performed at a higher level than controls, with a median PBA of Level 3a (procedure performed with minimal guidance or intervention) versus Level 2a (guidance required for most/all of the procedure or part performed). VR-trained surgeons completed 33% more key steps than controls (mean 22 (sd 3) vs 12 (sd 3)), were 12° more accurate in component orientation (mean error 4° (sd 6°) vs 16° (sd 17°)), and were 18% faster (mean 42 minutes (sd 7) vs 51 minutes (sd 9)). Conclusion Procedural knowledge and psychomotor skills for THA learned in VR were transferred to cadaveric performance. Basic preparatory materials had limited value for trainees learning a new technique. VR training advanced trainees further up the learning curve, enabling highly precise component orientation and more efficient surgery. VR could augment traditional surgical training to improve how surgeons learn complex open procedures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1585–1592
Deep intrinsic decomposition trained on surreal scenes yet with realistic light effects
Authors: Sial Hassan A. , Baldrich Ramon , Vanrell Maria 
Published: December 2019

Estimation of intrinsic images still remains a challenging task due to weaknesses of ground-truth datasets, which either are too small or present non-realistic issues. On the other hand, end-to-end deep learning architectures start to achieve interesting results that we believe could be improved if important physical hints were not ignored. In this work, we present a twofold framework: (a) a flexible generation of images overcoming some classical dataset problems such as larger size jointly with coherent lighting appearance; and (b) a flexible architecture tying physical properties through intrinsic losses. Our proposal is versatile, presents low computation time, and achieves state-of-the-art results.
Primer reporte de un caso de ehrlichiosis monocítica canina en la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
Authors: TARRAGONA Evelina L. , FLORES Fernando S. , HERRERA Candelaria L. , DALINGER Miriam , AGUIRRE Nerina , MONJE Lucas D. , NAVA Santiago 
Published: December 2019

La ehrlichiosis monocítica canina (EMC) es una enfermedad causada por la bacteria intracelular obligada Ehrlichia canis (Rickettsiales, Anaplasmataceae). La EMC es de importancia en salud animal por ser considerada de alta mortalidad en caninos domésticos, con distribución mundial; con síntomas inespecíficos como fiebre alta, depresión, letargia, anorexia y signos clínicos como linfoadenomegalia, esplenomegalia y trombocitopenia con tendencia hemorrágica, por lo que su diagnostico es un desafío en el entorno clínico. Ehrlichia canis es transmitida a un hospedador susceptible por ninfas y adultos de la garrapata Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. El taxón R. sanguineus s.l. representa un complejo de especies asociadas a caninos domésticos con distribución cosmopolita y particularmente en la región Neotropical se reconocen dos linajes: tropical y templado. El linaje templado, que representa a R. sanguineus sensu stricto, siendo el límite geográfico que separa ambos linajes una zona ecotonal situada entre 24 ° y 25 ° de latitud sur. En condiciones experimentales, R. sanguineus s.s. (linaje presente en la región centro de Argentina) demostró no tener competencia vectorial para transmitir E. canis (cepa Jaboticabal, Brasil) pero si R. sanguineus s.l. del linaje tropical. Sin embargo, estudios recientes han determinado molecularmente la infección con E. canis en muestras de sangre de perros con diagnóstico presuntivo de EMC en la provincia de Buenos Aires, dónde prevalece R. sanguineus s.s. Además, poblaciones de R. sanguineus s.l. (LT) y R. sanguineus s.s. de las provincias de Formosa y Buenos Aires, respectivamente, se detectaron naturalmente infectadas con E. canis. El presente informe de caso es el primer reporte de caso confirmado de EMC por E. canis en un canino de la ciudad de Rafaela, Santa Fe, área endémica de R. sanguineus s.s.
Timing Determines Tuning: A Rapid Spatial Transformation in Superior Colliculus Neurons during Reactive Gaze Shifts
Authors: Sadeh Morteza , Sajad Amirsaman , Wang Hongying , Yan Xiaogang , Crawford John Douglas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGaze saccades, rapid shifts of the eyes and head toward a goal, have provided fundamental insights into the neural control of movement. For example, it has been shown that the superior colliculus (SC) transforms a visual target (T) code to future gaze (G) location commands after a memory delay. However, this transformation has not been observed in “reactive” saccades made directly to a stimulus, so its contribution to normal gaze behavior is unclear. Here, we tested this using a quantitative measure of the intermediate codes between T and G, based on variable errors in gaze endpoints. We demonstrate that a rapid spatial transformation occurs within the primate’s SC (Macaca mulatta) during reactive saccades, involving a shift in coding from T, through intermediate codes, to G. This spatial shift progressed continuously both across and within cell populations [visual, visuomotor (VM), motor], rather than relaying discretely between populations with fixed spatial codes. These results suggest that the SC produces a rapid, noisy, and distributed transformation that contributes to variable errors in reactive gaze shifts.
Wnt regulates amino acid transporter Slc7a5 and so constrains the integrated stress response in mouse embryos
Authors: Poncet Nadège , Halley Pamela A , Lipina Christopher , Gierliński Marek , Dady Alwyn , Singer Gail A , Febrer Melanie , Shi Yun‐Bo , Yamaguchi Terry P , Taylor Peter M , Storey Kate G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmino acids are essential for cellular metabolism, and it is important to understand how nutrient supply is coordinated with changing energy requirements during embryogenesis. Here, we show that the amino acid transporter Slc7a5/Lat1 is highly expressed in tissues undergoing morphogenesis and that Slc7a5‐null mouse embryos have profound neural and limb bud outgrowth defects. Slc7a5‐null neural tissue exhibited aberrant mTORC1 activity and cell proliferation; transcriptomics, protein phosphorylation and apoptosis analyses further indicated induction of the integrated stress response as a potential cause of observed defects. The pattern of stress response gene expression induced in Slc7a5‐null embryos was also detected at low level in wild‐type embryos and identified stress vulnerability specifically in tissues undergoing morphogenesis. The Slc7a5‐null phenotype is reminiscent of Wnt pathway mutants, and we show that Wnt/β‐catenin loss inhibits Slc7a5 expression and induces this stress response. Wnt signalling therefore normally supports the metabolic demands of morphogenesis and constrains cellular stress. Moreover, operation in the embryo of the integrated stress response, which is triggered by pathogen‐mediated as well as metabolic stress, may provide a mechanistic explanation for a range of developmental defects.
El vínculo de pareja: Una posibilidad afectiva para crecer
Authors: Ortega Rojas Juan 
Published: December 2019

Recibido 15 de marzo de 2012 • Corregido 22 de octubre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012El vínculo de pareja se constituye en uno de los más importantes que construyen las personas en sus vidas. Tal relevancia implica, por un lado, la revisión de esquemas personales, sobre el concepto que se ha creado sobre este y, por otro, la disposición de aprender cosas nuevas y, con estas, asumir actitudes que tienen que ver con varios aspectos. Dentro de estos, podrían mencionarse los siguientes: i) aceptar a la persona tal cual es, en tanto algunos rasgos no atenten contra la dignidad de la otra, ii) mantener apertura constante a la comunicación, en particular, en momentos de crisis, iii) conocerse y valorarse a sí mismos, antes de conocer y valorar al otro, iv) mantener o crear detalles que, de antemano, se sabe producen gratificación en la pareja, v) respetar compromisos adquiridos y vi) tratar de vivenciar cosas, a través del movimiento de roles como una de las estrategias. Cada uno de esos elementos, debidamente desarrollados, se constituye, a su vez, en recomendaciones que, de ser adecuadamente implementadas, facilitan la creación de vínculos más saludables y duraderos. Desde este marco, el artículo pretende fomentar la revisión de ideas y conductas propias, en relación con el vínculo de pareja. Invertir tiempo en desarrollar actitudes y conductas pareciera ser el camino que debe seguirse, para la construcción de un vínculo de pareja placentero, dentro en un ambiente de crecimiento mutuo.
COMMISSION BORDER FEEDING IN LVIV (1578, 1579, 1581) ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOURCE - THREE FRAGMENTS FROM THE BOOK OF CITY COSTS. TRANSLATION. COMMENTS
Authors: Levus Nazar 
Published: December 2019

In the second half of the 16th century in Lviv were conducted meeting of the Border Commission. The Commission resolved the controversial questions related to the land issue and ordering its boundaries. During its implementation, city delegates and commissioners often stopped for rest and lunch. Meat, fish, bread, various spices and wine were accompanied participants of the Borders Commission during joint meetings, whether at the City Hall or outside it. This and other information is vividly illustrated by a source such as the Lviv weekly-expenditures book for 1572–1582. This source has big information potential. In the Lviv weekly-expenditures books you can find information about the activities of the city authorities (councils and benches of the city of Lviv); the acomplishment of functions by city officials (such as the executioner); routine affairs in the city, etc. This publication provides three fragments of the source of the Boundary Commission meeting for 1578, 1579, 1581.
The Boundary Commission of 1578 was held on the eve of the Birthday of John the Baptist (June 24) and lasted from June 20 to June 23, 1578. The source does not provide specific details of the dispute, but it can be assumed that a soil dispute arose between a monastic order of Lviv Dominicans and Bryukhovychi peasants. During the joint lunches and dinners in the suburban tavern in Bryukhovychi, for four days, the commissioners drank three barrels of beer, 22 jugs (85 liters) of Hungarian wine, consumed veal; fish and herrings (most likely eaten on Friday June 22); bread and other dishes cooked for them.
In 1579, the Commission resolved the disputed issues between the city and Lviv's podstoli, Joakim Samp. During its meeting on the second Sunday of Lent in 1579, were present Lviv's castellans Stanislav Herburth and Lviv starosta Mykola Herburth. Each of them was presented with 8 jugs of Malvasia for greetings. To feed the delegates were purchased variety of fish, bread, spices, vegetables, condiments and 27 jugs of Malvasia. It is interesting that the Commissioners did not consume meat under the Border Commission because it took place during Lent.
The Borders Commission, in October 1581, was also involved in resolving the dispute between Joachim Samp and the community of Lviv. The meetings of the Commission were followed by lavish dinners. In particular, to the borders that were checked was bought 2 barrels of beer, two-quarters of meat, 5 chickens, bread, various roots. On Tuesday, October 13, 1581, all the commissioners and guests, including Mykola Herburt, the Lviv starosta and Mykola Meletsky, the Podolsk voivode, and all their servants were gratulated in Sikhiv Korchma. For festive supper was bought two calves, four quarters of meat, 2 barrels of beer, rye and white bread, vegetables, lemons, raisins, sugar, 4 vessels of jam, 35 ½ jugs of wine and 6 jugs of alicakantu.
A glükagonszerű peptid-1 (GLP1) és a gyomor-bél rendszer. GLP1-receptor-agonisták – túlértékelt gyomor-, elfelejtődött bél- („ileal brake”) hatás?
Authors: Winkler Gábor , Hajós Péter , Kiss János Tibor 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) and their receptor agonists – beside their blood glucose lowering and central effects- affect also the gastrointestinal function in many respects. They slow down the stomach emptying, the motility of the small bowel and colon – this is the explanation for the “ileal brake” terminology –, stimulate the function of exocrine pancreatic acinar cells and increase amylase production. GLP1 receptor agonists belong to the defining tools of the blood glucose lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes. Their long- and short-acting derivatives have different influence on the fasting and the postprandial blood glucose, respectively. By introducing the term non-prandial and prandial type analogues – which seems to be forced in light of the newer data – the potential slowdown in gastric emptying is the center of interest, lately, however, especially in the case of long-acting GLP1 variants, at least such attention should be paid to controlling bowel function. The article reviews the physiological effects of GLP1 on the gastrointestinal tract and draws attention to the potential for the prevention of possible side effects through detailed patient information and dietary advises. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(49): 1927–1934.
Study of knowledge and practices related to handwashing in school going children of a rural community
Authors: Pratinidhi S. A. , Haribhakta S. V. , Ambike D. A. , Bhole Om , Kankariya Bhavesh 
Published: December 2019

Background: A questionnaire-based study was conducted in rural schools of Maval taluka of Pune district to assess the knowledge about hand washing practices and behavior in school going children. It is well known that hand contamination plays a major role in faeco-oral transmission of diseases. Hand washing is well recognized preventable tool in disease prevention.Methods: A questionnaire-based study on hand washing practices and behavior in school going children in Maval taluka was carried out on 340 volunteers (students) from grade 6 to 8 of rural area of Maval taluka, Pune District. Maharashtra. Statistical analysis was done by using percentages and proportions.Results: A total of 340 students from grade 6 to 8 participated in the study. Majority were from age 11-13 years (n= 147). Almost all (n=320, 93%) were knowing the practice of handwashing. Majority (n=209,61%) were using soap in some form for cleaning of hands. Many (n=250,73%) were having practice of washing hands before meals. Almost all (n=309, 91%) were knowing the reason for washing of hands. The benefits and prevention of diseases were known to majority of students (n= 295,87%) Nail trimming was done once a week in almost all students.(n=250,73%) Reason for trimming of nails was known to many (n=326, 96% ) as it prevents the spread of the disease, only (n=14,4% ) were not aware of the reason for trimming of the nails. About (n=201, 59 %) of mothers had formal education upto tenth std.Conclusions: Majority of the students used water and soap for hand washing and knew the importance of hand cleaning to prevent many diseases.
The Role of FENO in Comparison to Spirometry and ACT in Control of Children Asthma Symptoms
Authors: Dabbaghzadeh Abbas , Tavakol Marzieh , Gharagozlou Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noninvasive marker of inflammation, used for monitoring asthma. The aim of this study was to compare FeNO, asthma control test (ACT), and lung function test (spirometry) in children aged 8-15 years.
This observational, cross-sectional study was performed on76 asthmatic children (age, 8-15 years), who were referred to the Department of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran during 2012-2013. Patients were matched for sex and age. The recruited patients were selected via consecutive sampling. FeNO was measured with a portable electrochemical analyzer and forced spirometry was performed according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. The ACT questionnaire was used and completed for all the patients.
The mean FeNO was 28.5±29.1 ppb, and the mean ACT score was 19.8±3.6. FeNO was significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume (FEV1) (r, 0.232; p=0.049) or 25-75% maximum expiratory flow (MEF 25-75) (r, -0.304; p=0.009). FeNO showed no significant correlation with ACT score or FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant correlation between FeNO and changes in FEV1 and MEF 25-75% before and after the administration of bronchodilators (p>0.05).
To improve asthma control, childhood ACT, FeNO, and spirometric tests can be used as complementary tools in clinical practice to detect children with poorly controlled asthma.