bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributive Justice in Marriage: Experimental Evidence on Beliefs about Fair Savings Arrangements
Authors: Tisch Daria , Lersch Philipp M. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThis study examines fairness perceptions of experimentally manipulated savings arrangements in couples (i.e., distribution of control and ownership of savings) to identify distributive justice principles in marriage.BackgroundTheoretically, competing norms about individual ownership rights and autonomy (equity principle) and marital sharing (equality principle) in interaction with gender ideology (entitlement principle) may explain how individuals perceive the fairness of different savings arrangements, but these explanations have not been tested against each other
yet.MethodIn a nationally representative factorial survey experiment, implemented in the German GESIS Panel, 3,948 respondents evaluated the fairness of randomly presented savings arrangements (N = 19,648 evaluations).ResultsRespondents rated equal control as more important than equal ownership to establish fairness in marriage. The ownership of savings does not seem to be directly linked to control, providing evidence against the equity principle. Inequality in ownership is rated fairer if it is in favor of the husband, whereas inequality in control is rated fairer if it is in favor of the wife. This suggests that gender is an ascriptive characteristic according to which resources should be allocated (entitlement principle).ConclusionThe results indicate that the ideal of marital sharing is widespread, but is rather accomplished by equal control than by equal ownership. Individuals' fairness perceptions of inequality in marriage are gendered, that is, depend on whom inequality favors.
A test of work motivation profile similarity across four distinct samples of employees
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Morin Alexandre J.S. , Ndiaye Adama , Colombat Philippe , Fouquereau Evelyne 
Published: June 2020

The present study examines how the different forms of behavioural regulation proposed by self‐determination theory combine within different profiles of workers and the extent to which these configurations are replicated among four samples of workers from distinct occupational groups (managers, nurses, physiotherapists, and hospital employees). In addition, this research investigates the role of workload (as a job demand), as well as perceived organizational, supervisor, and colleagues support (as job resources) in the prediction of profile membership. Finally, this research also documents the relation between motivation profiles and a series of adaptive (work performance) and maladaptive (presenteeism, turnover intentions, and absenteeism) work outcomes. Latent profile analyses revealed six similar motivation profiles among the four samples (n = 291 managers, 249 hospital employees, 237 nurses, and 373 physiotherapists). The results also showed the highest levels of presenteeism and turnover intentions, and the lowest levels of work performance to be associated with the Externally Driven profile. Moreover, workload predicted a higher likelihood of membership into the Self‐Driven Introjected and Externally Driven profiles relative to the Moderately Intrinsically Motivated, Highly Intrinsically Motivated, and Self‐Driven Hedonist profiles. Finally, perceived colleagues support predicted a decreased likelihood of membership into the Externally Driven profile relative to the five other profiles, whereas higher levels of perceived organizational support predicted an increased likelihood of membership into the Self‐Driven Introjected, Highly Intrinsically Motivated, and Value‐Reward Self‐Driven profiles relative to the Externally Driven and Self‐Driven Hedonist ones.Practitioner points

Employees’ profiles characterized by low levels of self‐determined work motivation were associated with the worst outcomes.

By decreasing employees’ workload or by helping to make it more manageable, organizations may increase employees’ likelihood of displaying more desirable, and self‐determined, motivational profiles.

By improving colleagues support, organizations may also be able to increase employees’ likelihood of displaying more desirable, and self‐determined, motivational profiles.
Cannabinoid type‐2 receptor agonist, inverse agonist, and anandamide regulation of inflammatory responses in IL‐1β stimulated primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Abidi Ammaar H. , Alghamdi Sahar S. , Dabbous Mustafa Kh. , Tipton David A. , Mustafa Suni M. , Moore Bob M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to understand the role of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) during periodontal inflammation and to identify anti‐inflammatory agents for the development of drugs to treat periodontitis (PD).BackgroundCannabinoid type 2 receptor is found in periodontal tissue at sites of inflammation/infection. Our previous study demonstrated anti‐inflammatory responses in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) via CB2R ligands.MethodsAnandamide (AEA), HU‐308 (agonist), and SMM‐189 (inverse agonist) were tested for effects on IL‐1β‐stimulated cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic and vascular markers expressed by hPDLFs using Mesoscale Discovery V‐Plex Kits. Signal transduction pathways (p‐c‐Jun, p‐ERK, p‐p‐38, p‐JNK, p‐CREB, and p‐NF‐kB) were investigated using Cisbio HTRF kits. ACTOne and Tango™ ‐BLA functional assays were used to measure cyclic AMP (cAMP) and β‐arrestin activity.ResultsIL‐1β stimulated hPDLF production of 18/39 analytes, which were downregulated by the CB2R agonist and the inverse agonist. AEA exhibited pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory effects. IL‐1β increased phosphoproteins within the first hour except p‐JNK. CB2R ligands attenuated p‐p38 and p‐NFĸB, but a late rise in p‐38 was seen with HU‐308. As p‐ERK levels declined, a significant increase in p‐ERK was observed later in the time course by synthetic CB2R ligands. P‐JNK was significantly affected by SMM‐189 only, while p‐CREB was elevated significantly by CB2R ligands at 180 minutes. HU‐308 affected both cAMP and β‐arrestin pathway. SMM‐189 only stimulated cAMP.ConclusionThe findings that CB2R agonist and inverse agonist may potentially regulate inflammation suggest that development of CB2R therapeutics could improve on current treatments for PD and other oral inflammatory pathologies.
Intrahepatic T helper 17 cells recruited by hepatitis B virus X antigen‐activated hepatic stellate cells exacerbate the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Yan Xiong , Yang Cheng , Zhan Qian , Fu Yueqiang , Luo Huating , Luo Hongchun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImmunopathological injury induced by persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection contributes to the progression from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are considered to be the pivotal factors during this progression. In this study, our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of liver immunopathological injury associated with Tregs, CD4+ Th cells, and HSCs. Liver tissues were collected to assay the cytokines and distribution and frequencies of CD4+ Th cells and Tregs. The chemotaxis of Th17 cells towards the liver and the interactions between IL‐22, IL‐17A, and HSCs were explored. The data showed the frequencies of Th17 cells, and their effector molecules IL‐22 and IL‐17A were increased along with the severity of chronic liver diseases. However, the frequencies of Tregs were decreased in HBV‐associated cirrhotic tissues compared with those in CHB tissues and HCC tissues. hepatitis B virus X antigen (HBxAg)‐activated HSCs recruited more Th17 cells into the liver and conduced to the secretion of IL‐17A and IL‐22 that could in turn stimulate the proliferation and fibrotic marker secretion of the HSCs. Therefore, we suggest that the interactions between Th17 cells, IL‐17A, IL‐22, and HSCs form a positive feedback loop that aggravated the progression of chronic liver disease with HBV infection through the phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signalling pathway. Our findings indicated the IL‐17A/IL‐22 pathway might become a new treatment target for liver cirrhosis and HCC.
On the relational autonomy of materials: entanglements in maker literacies research
Authors: Lemieux Amélie , Rowsell Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article addresses key components of posthumanism and maker literacies by reporting on empirical data from two makerspace research sites. Using posthuman methodologies, we suggest practical considerations of the relational autonomy of materials through entanglements between humans, non‐humans and more‐than‐humans in makerspace classroom settings. We propose answers to the following research questions: How do materials manifest their relational autonomy in makerspaces? How could the relational autonomy of materials impact maker literacies pedagogy? With this article, our contribution warrants researchers to think about the unpredictability of maker work through posthuman methodologies and how maker projects can help speak against the failing student rhetoric in literacy education.
Multiple glacial refugia and contemporary dispersal shape the genetic structure of an endemic amphibian from the Pyrenees
Authors: Lucati Federica , Poignet Manon , Miró Alexandre , Trochet Audrey , Aubret Fabien , Barthe Laurent , Bertrand Romain , Buchaca Teresa , Calvez Olivier , Caner Jenny , Darnet Elodie , Denoël Mathieu , Guillaume Olivier , Le Chevalier Hugo , Martínez‐Silvestre Albert , Mossoll‐Torres Marc , O’Brien David , Osorio Víctor , Pottier Gilles , Richard Murielle , Sabás Ibor , Souchet Jérémie , Tomàs Jan , Ventura Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHistorical factors (colonization scenarios, demographic oscillations) and contemporary processes (population connectivity, current population size) largely contribute to shaping species’ present‐day genetic diversity and structure. In this study, we use a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to understand the role of Quaternary climatic oscillations and present‐day gene flow dynamics in determining the genetic diversity and structure of the newtCalotriton asper(Al. Dugès, 1852), endemic to the Pyrenees. Mitochondrial DNA did not show a clear phylogeographic pattern and presented low levels of variation. In contrast, microsatellites revealed five major genetic lineages with admixture patterns at their boundaries. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses and linear models indicated that the five lineages likely underwent separate evolutionary histories and can be tracked back to distinct glacial refugia. Lineage differentiation started around the Last Glacial Maximum at three focal areas (western, central and eastern Pyrenees) and extended through the end of the Last Glacial Period in the central Pyrenees, where it led to the formation of two more lineages. Our data revealed no evidence of recent dispersal between lineages, whereas borders likely represent zones of secondary contact following expansion from multiple refugia. Finally, we did not find genetic evidence of sex‐biased dispersal. This work highlights the importance of integrating past evolutionary processes and present‐day gene flow and dispersal dynamics, together with multilocus approaches, to gain insights into what shaped the current genetic attributes of amphibians living in montane habitats.
Flood‐pulse disturbances as a threat for long‐living Amazonian trees
Authors: Resende Angélica F. , Piedade Maria T. F. , Feitosa Yuri O. , Andrade Victor Hugo F. , Trumbore Susan E. , Durgante Flávia M. , Macedo Maíra O. , Schöngart Jochen 
Published: June 2020

Summary

The long‐lived tree species Eschweilera tenuifolia (O. Berg) Miers is characteristic of oligotrophic Amazonian black‐water floodplain forests (igapó), seasonally inundated up to 10 months per year, often forming monodominant stands. We investigated E. tenuifolia' growth and mortality patterns in undisturbed (Jaú National Park ‐ JNP) and disturbed igapós (Uatumã Sustainable Development Reserve ‐ USDR, downstream of the Balbina hydroelectric dam).

We analysed age–diameter relationships, basal area increment (BAI) through 5‐cm diameter classes, growth changes and growth ratios preceding death, BAI clustering, BAI ratio, and dated the individual year of death (14C). Growth and mortality patterns were then related to climatic or anthropogenic disturbances.

Results were similar for both populations for estimated maximum ages (JNP, 466 yr; USDR, 498 yr, except for one USDR tree with an estimated age of 820 yr) and slightly different for mean diameter increment (JNP: 2.04 mm; USDR: 2.28 mm). Living trees from JNP showed altered growth post‐1975 and sparse tree mortality occurred at various times, possibly induced by extreme hydroclimatic events. In contrast with the JNP, abrupt growth changes and massive mortality occurred in the USDR after the dam construction began (1983).

Even more than 30 yr after dam construction, flood‐pulse alteration continues to affect both growth and mortality of E. tenuifolia. Besides its vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances, this species is also susceptible to long‐lasting dry and wet periods induced by climatic events, the combination of both processes may cause its local and regional extinction.
Episodic and guanine–cytosine‐biased bursts of intragenomic and interspecific synonymous divergence in Ajugoideae (Lamiaceae) mitogenomes
Authors: Liu Fang , Fan Weishu , Yang Jun‐Bo , Xiang Chun‐Lei , Mower Jeffrey P. , Li De‐Zhu , Zhu Andan 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Synonymous substitution rates in plant mitochondrial genomes vary by orders of magnitude among species, whereas synonymous rates among genes within a genome are generally consistent. Exceptionally, genes within the Ajuga reptans (Lamiaceae) mitochondrial genome exhibit unprecedented intragenomic heterogeneity in synonymous sequence divergence, but the biological mechanisms underlying this rate variation remain unclear.

We tracked the origin and evolutionary trajectory of mitochondrial rate variations by dense sampling in Ajugoideae and found differences in the timing and magnitude of rate acceleration for particular genes.

The most divergent genes accelerated earlier, retained a high rate across Ajugoideae, and are generally devoid of RNA editing, whereas moderately diverged genes accelerated later and retained relatively higher RNA editing frequency.

The acceleration of mutation rates correlates with increased guanine–cytosine (GC) content, suggesting a key role for GC‐biased gene conversion and/or repair after the breakage of ancestral gene clusters.
Beyond ‘seeing is believing’: the antenna size of the photosystems in vivo
Authors: Croce Roberta 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPhotosystems I and II are the central components of the solar energy conversion machinery in oxygenic photosynthesis. They are large functional units embedded in the photosynthetic membranes, where they harvest light and use its energy to drive electrons from water to NADPH. Their composition and organization change in response to different environmental conditions, making these complexes dynamic units. Some of the interactions between subunits survive purification, resulting in the well‐defined structures that were recently resolved by cryo‐electron microscopy. Other interactions instead are weak, preventing the possibility of isolating and thus studying these complexes in vitro. This review focuses on these supercomplexes of vascular plants, which at the moment cannot be ‘seen’ but that represent functional units in vivo.
Mycorrhizal effector PaMiSSP10b alters polyamine biosynthesis in Eucalyptus root cells and promotes root colonization
Authors: Plett Jonathan M. , Plett Krista L. , Wong‐Bajracharya Johanna , de Freitas Pereira Maíra , Costa Maurício Dutra , Kohler Annegret , Martin Francis , Anderson Ian C. 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Pathogenic microbes are known to manipulate the defences of their hosts through the production of secreted effector proteins. More recently, mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi have also been described as using these secreted effectors to promote host colonization. Here we characterize a mycorrhiza‐induced small secreted effector protein of 10 kDa produced by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus albus, PaMiSSP10b.

We demonstrate that PaMiSSP10b is secreted from fungal hyphae, enters the cells of its host, Eucalyptus grandis, and interacts with an S‐adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) in the polyamine pathway. Plant polyamines are regulatory molecules integral to the plant immune system during microbial challenge.

Using biochemical and transgenic approaches we show that expression of PaMiSSP10b influences levels of polyamines in the plant roots as it enhances the enzymatic activity of AdoMetDC and increases the biosynthesis of higher polyamines. This ultimately favours the colonization success of P. albus.

These results identify a new mechanism by which mutualistic microbes are able to manipulate the host´s enzymatic pathways to favour colonization.
Regulatory disempowerment:How enabling and controlling forms of power obstruct citizen‐based regulation
Authors: Gray Garry , van Rooij Benjamin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegulatory studies assume that citizens can act as regulators to complement or correct failing state and market forms of regulation. Yet, there is a growing literature that shows that in reality citizens may fail to be effective regulators. This paper systematically analyses how power inequalities obstruct citizens in their regulatory roles. It compares four case studies with highly different social and political contexts but with similar outcomes of citizens failing to regulate risk. The case studies are analyzed by operationalizing sociological and political science ideas about manifestations of enabling and controlling forms of power in order to understand the way power inequalities obstruct citizens in their regulatory roles across diverse contexts. The article shows how citizens, from farmers and manual workers in both authoritarian developing and democratic developed contexts to even highly trained medical professionals from the US, have limited agency and are disempowered to act as regulators. Our analysis reveals that five patterns of disempowerment play a crucial role in obstructing successful society‐based regulation: (i) dependency, (ii) capacity, (iii) social hierarchy, (iv) discursive framing, and (v) perverse effects of legal rights.
Predicting the Validity of Expert Judgments in Assessing the Impact of Risk Mitigation Through Failure Prevention and Correction
Authors: Brito Mario P. , Dawson Ian G. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOperational risk management of autonomous vehicles in extreme environments is heavily dependent on expert judgments and, in particular, judgments of the likelihood that a failure mitigation action, via correction and prevention, will annul the consequences of a specific fault. However, extant research has not examined the reliability of experts in estimating the probability of failure mitigation. For systems operations in extreme environments, the probability of failure mitigation is taken as a proxy of the probability of a fault not reoccurring. Using a priori expert judgments for an autonomous underwater vehicle mission in the Arctic and a posteriori mission field data, we subsequently developed a generalized linear model that enabled us to investigate this relationship. We found that the probability of failure mitigation alone cannot be used as a proxy for the probability of fault not reoccurring. We conclude that it is also essential to include the effort to implement the failure mitigation when estimating the probability of fault not reoccurring. The effort is the time taken by a person (measured in person‐months) to execute the task required to implement the fault correction action. We show that once a modicum of operational data is obtained, it is possible to define a generalized linear logistic model to estimate the probability a fault not reoccurring. We discuss how our findings are important to all autonomous vehicle operations and how similar operations can benefit from revising expert judgments of risk mitigation to take account of the effort required to reduce key risks.
Hume's Epistemology: The State of the Question
Authors: Qu Hsueh M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article surveys the state of the literature on Hume’s epistemology, focusing on treatments of what has come to be known as the “Kemp Smith problem,” that is, the problem of reconciling Hume’s skepticism with his naturalism. It first surveys the literature on this issue with regard to theTreatise, moving on to briefly compare theTreatiseand theEnquiryin virtue of their epistemological frameworks, before finally examining the literature with regard to the firstEnquiry.
An update on the management of male infertility
Authors: Karavolos Stamatios , Panagiotopoulou Nikoletta , Alahwany Hisham , Martins da Silva Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Key content

Male infertility underlies or contributes to up to 50% of infertility cases; current therapeutic interventions rely on assisted reproductive technology (ART), as medical or surgical treatments have limited value in enhancing semen quality or parameters.

Lifestyle factors that affect male fertility could offer a therapeutic opportunity; however, their modification seems to be of variable benefit.

In the quest for sperm functional assessment and selection tests, there is controversy over which patients, if any, should be tested for sperm DNA fragmentation, as well as which test to perform. Sperm selection techniques for intracytoplasmic sperm injection do not appear to significantly improve treatment outcomes or live birth rates.

Routinely performed genetic tests are effective in determining aetiology in approximately 20% of infertile men; however, newer genetic tests could enhance diagnosis and change the future management of male infertility.

Learning objectives

To summarise the key lifestyle factors that affect male fertility.

To appraise the currently available investigations for sperm testing and selection.

To describe the genetic tests currently available to identify the aetiology of male infertility, including emerging technologies in the field of genetics and personalised genomics.

Ethical issues

How to deal with couples’ requests for unproven medical interventions to manage male infertility?