bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical risk of reduced fertility after exposure of prepubertal mice to vincristine or cyclophosphamide at low gonadotoxic doses in humans
Authors: Delessard Marion , Saulnier Justine , Dumont Ludovic , Rives-Feraille Aurélie , Rives Nathalie , Rondanino Christine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer treatment can have long-term side effects in cured patients and infertility is one of them. Given the urgency of diagnosis in children with cancer, the toxicity of treatments on the gonad was overshadowed for a long time. In the present study, prepubertal mice were treated by vincristine or cyclophosphamide commonly used in acute leukaemia treatment. The prepubertal exposure to cyclophosphamide, at a low gonadotoxic dose in humans (< 3.5 g/m2), led to morphological alterations of prepubertal testicular tissue. An increased proportion of spermatozoa with hypocondensed chromatin and oxidized DNA associated with decreased fertility were uncovered at adulthood. Short- and long-term morphological alterations of the testicular tissue, disturbed progression of spermatogenesis along with increased proportions of isolated flagella and spermatozoa with fragmented DNA were evidenced in vincristine-treated mice. Moreover, the fertility of mice exposed to vincristine was severely affected despite being considered low-risk for fertility in humans. Paternal exposure to vincristine or cyclophosphamide before puberty had no impact on offspring development. Contrary to the current gonadotoxic risk classification, our results using a mouse model show that vincristine and cyclophosphamide (< 3.5 g/m2) present a high gonadotoxic risk when administered before the initiation of spermatogenesis.
A cross-sectional study on diabetes epidemiology among people aged 40 years and above in Shenyang, China
Authors: Liu Cong , Li Xiaojiu , Lin Muhui , Zheng Limin , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed at understanding the diabetic prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates and their influencing factors among people aged ≥ 40 years in Shenyang, China. A face-to-face cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted on the respondents using the national unified questionnaire. A total of 3922 respondents were enrolled, including 609 cases of diabetes. The diabetic prevalence rate was 15.5%, and was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas (17.7% vs. 14.2%, p = 0.004), while no difference was observed between men and women (14.8% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.242). Advanced age, hypertension and dyslipidemia were the diabetes influencing factors. Among the 609 respondents with diabetes, the diabetic awareness and treatment rates, and the control rate of fasting plasma glucose were 82.3%, 36.6% and 17.1%, respectively. In different age groups, the diabetic awareness rate was higher in men than that in women, and the treatment rate was higher in women than that in men. The diabetic patients, who consumed fruit for ≥ 5 days a week, accounted for 16.3%, and their diabetic treatment (28.1%) and control rates (44.1%) were lower. Shenyang people aged ≥ 40 years have higher diabetic prevalence and awareness rates, and lower diabetic treatment and control rates. Finally, it is necessary to enhance awareness and education about diabetes, to improve its treatment and control rates.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuroinflammation and neural stem cells decrease in mice exposure to paraquat
Authors: Yang Zhengli , Shao Yiming , Zhao Yifan , Li Qian , Li Rui , Xiao Hongxi , Zhang Fen , Zhang Yilan , Chang Xiuli , Zhang Yubin , Zhou Zhijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParaquat (PQ), a widely used herbicide, could cause neurodegenerative diseases, yet the mechanism remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the direct effect of PQ on NSC in vivo and its possible mechanism. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 2 mg/kg PQ, 20 mg/kg PQ or vehicle control once a week for 2 weeks, and sacrificed 1 week after the last PQ injection. Furthermore, extra experiments with Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) intervention were performed to observe the relationship between ER stress, neuroinflammation and the neural stem cell (NSC) impairment. The results showed that 20 mg/kg PQ caused the NSC number decrease in both subgranular zones (SGZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ). Further analysis indicated that the 20 mg/kg PQ suppressed the proliferation of NSC, without affecting the apoptosis. Moreover, 20 mg/kg PQ also induced ER stress in microglia and caused neuroinflammation in SGZ and SVZ. Interestingly, the ER stress inhibitor could simultaneously ameliorate the neuroinflammation and NSC reduction. These data suggested that increased ER stress in microglia might be a possible pathway for PQ-induced neuroinflammation and NSC impairment. That is a previously unknown mechanism for PQ neurotoxicity.
NGS-based barcoding with mini-COI gene target is useful for pet food market surveys aimed at mislabelling detection
Authors: Palumbo Fabio , Scariolo Francesco , Vannozzi Alessandro , Barcaccia Gianni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPet food industry has grown considerably in the last few years and it is expected to continue with this rate. Despite the economic impact of this sector and the consumer concerns for the increasing number of food and feed adulteration cases, few studies have been published on mislabelling in pet foods. We therefore investigated the capability of a next generation sequencing-based mini-barcoding approach to identify animal species in pet food products. In a preliminary analysis, a 127 bp fragment of theCOIgene was tested on both individual specimens and ad hoc mixed fresh samples used as testers, to evaluate its discrimination power and primers effectiveness. Eighteen pet food products of different price categories and forms available on the market (i.e. kibbles, bites, pâté and strips) were analysed through an NGS approach in biological replicates. At least one of the species listed in the ingredients was not detected in half of the products, while seven products showed supplementary species in addition to those stated on the label. Due to the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity demonstrated, this method can be proposed as food genetic traceability system to evaluate both the feed and food quality timely along the supply chain.
Manganese import protectsSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium against nitrosative stress
Authors: Yousuf Shehla , Karlinsey Joyce E , Neville Stephanie L , McDevitt Christopher A , Libby Stephen J , Fang Ferric C , Frawley Elaine R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO˙) is a radical molecule produced by mammalian phagocytic cells as part of the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. It exerts its antimicrobial activity in part by impairing the function of metalloproteins, particularly those containing iron and zinc cofactors. The pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium undergoes dynamic changes in its cellular content of the four most common metal cofactors following exposure to NO˙ stress. Zinc, iron and magnesium all decrease in response to NO˙ while cellular manganese increases significantly. Manganese acquisition is driven primarily by increased expression of the mntH and sitABCD transporters following derepression of MntR and Fur. ZupT also contributes to manganese acquisition in response to nitrosative stress. S. Typhimurium mutants lacking manganese importers are more sensitive to NO˙, indicating that manganese is important for resistance to nitrosative stress.
Maximum Speech Performance and Executive Control in Young Adult Speakers
Authors: Shen Chen , Janse Esther 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study investigated whether maximum speech performance, more specifically, the ability to rapidly alternate between similar syllables during speech production, is associated with executive control abilities in a nonclinical young adult population.MethodSeventy-eight young adult participants completed two speech tasks, both operationalized as maximum performance tasks, to index their articulatory control: a diadochokinetic (DDK) task with nonword and real-word syllable sequences and a tongue-twister task. Additionally, participants completed three cognitive tasks, each covering one element of executive control (a Flanker interference task to index inhibitory control, a letter–number switching task to index cognitive switching, and an operation span task to index updating of working memory). Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to investigate how well maximum speech performance measures can be predicted by elements of executive control.ResultsParticipants' cognitive switching ability was associated with their accuracy in both the DDK and tongue-twister speech tasks. Additionally, nonword DDK accuracy was more strongly associated with executive control than real-word DDK accuracy (which has to be interpreted with caution). None of the executive control abilities related to the maximum rates at which participants performed the two speech tasks.ConclusionThese results underscore the association between maximum speech performance and executive control (cognitive switching in particular).
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Global and local stellar population properties of elliptical galaxies
Authors: Lacerna I. , Ibarra-Medel H. , Avila-Reese V. , Hernández-Toledo H. M. , Vázquez-Mata J. A. , Sánchez S. F. 
Published: October 2020

Context.We study the spatially resolved properties of 343 elliptical galaxies with the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at the Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey.Aims.Our goal is to understand the fundamental processes of formation and quenching of elliptical galaxies.Methods.We used the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys for accurate morphological classification. Based on integrated spectroscopic properties and colors, we classified seven classes of elliptical galaxies. We inferred the stellar age and metallicity gradients out to a 1.5 effective radius (Reff) of classical “red and dead”, recently quenched, and blue star-forming ellipticals (CLEs, RQEs, and BSFs), corresponding to 73%, 10%, and 4% of the sample, respectively. Additionally, we reconstructed their global and radial histories of star formation and mass growth.Results.The mass- and luminosity-weighted age gradients of CLEs are nearly flat or mildly negative, with small differences between both ages. The respective metallicity gradients are negative (∇log[Zmw] = −0.11−0.08+0.07dex/Reffand ∇log[Zlw] = −0.11−0.07+0.06dex/Reff, respectively), being flatter as the mass is smaller. The more massive CLEs formed stars earlier and quenched faster than the less massive ones. The CLEs show a weak inside-out growth and a clear inside-out quenching. They finished their quenching globally 3.8  ±  1.2 Gyr ago on average, with quenching time-scales of 3.4  ±  0.8 Gyr. AtM⋆< 1011 M⊙, the age andZgradients of the RQEs and BSFs are flatter than those of the CLEs, but with larger scatters. They show very weak inside-out growth and quenching, which is slow and not even completed atz ∼ 0 for the BSFs. Instead, the massive RQEs show an outside-in quenching and positive gradients in the luminosity-weighted age and stellar metallicities. The RQEs of all masses quenched 1.2 ± 0.9 Gyr ago on average.Conclusions.Our results for the CLEs are consistent with a two-phase scenario where their inner parts formed by an early and coeval dissipative collapse with a consequent burst of star formation and further quenching, whereas the outer parts continued their assembly, likely by dry mergers. We also discuss some evolutionary scenarios for the RQE and BSF galaxies that would agree with the generic results.
Effects of precession versus instabilities on the jets of GRS 1758–258
Authors: Luque-Escamilla Pedro L. , Martí Josep , Martínez-Aroza José 
Published: October 2020

Aims. The prototypical microquasar GRS 1758–258 exhibits large-scale morphological changes in radio maps over time which have been attributed to the rise of instabilities. Here, we investigate whether these effects could be attributed to jet precession instead.
Methods. We used new and archival radio maps to fit a kinematic jet precession model. The value of the parameters thus obtained were analysed in order to get constraints on the physical properties of the GRS 1758–258 system. Their consistency with different theories of the origins for the jet precession, such as Lense–Thirring effect and tidal torques induced by the secondary star, has previously been studied. Alternatively, we also assessed the possibility that observations are compatible with eventual jet instabilities.
Results. The new radio data presented here confirm that the large-scale radio morphology of GRS 1758–258 is changing over time. Our study shows that the 18.48 day period could plausibly be ascribed to precession, thus implying a reinterpretation of assumptions made for the orbital period to date. However, the observed structural changes in radio jets cannot be easily attributed to jet precession according to our analysis. In contrast, the growth of instabilities certainly appears to be a more realistic explanation of these effects.
Ergebnisse der COVID-19-Umfrage der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Rehabilitationswissenschaften e.V. (DGRW)
Authors: Meyer Thorsten , Posthumus Elain ,   für den Vorstand der DGRW
Published: October 2020

Hintergrund und ZielCOVID-19 stellt eine substanzielle Bedrohung der Gesundheit und in der Folge auch der
Lebensbedingungen der Menschen weltweit dar. Die Erkrankung entsteht infolge einer
Infektion mit dem neuartigen Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Erkenntnisse über
molekulare Grundlagen, Pathophysiologie, klinische Charakteristika, Epidemiologie,
aber auch Ressourcenbedarf und Outcomes (z. B. Karagiannidis et al. 2020; zur Übersicht s. Website der WHO:
https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/)
wachsen in beispiellos kurzem Zeitraum weltweit an, auch im Feld der Rehabilitation
(vgl. Negrini et al. 2020). Die Erkenntnisse
münden in Leitlinien, Policy Briefs oder konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen
(vgl. Publikationen des Kompetenznetz Public Health COVID-19,
www.public-health-covid19.de).
Synchronisation des Liegeverhaltens von Mastbullen bei verschiedenen Platzangeboten
Authors: Schneider Laura , Volkmann Nina , Spindler Birgit , Kemper Nicole 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel Die Synchronisation des Liegens ist ein wichtiger Teil des natürlichen Rinderverhaltens. Die niedersächsische Tierschutzleitlinie für die Mastbullenhaltung fordert erstmals eine Liegefläche, deren Größe ein zeitgleiches Liegen aller Tiere ermöglicht. Allerdings wurde die Synchronisation des Liegens bei Mastbullen bisher kaum wissenschaftlich untersucht und es fehlen auch genaue Angaben zur Fläche, die Mastbullen zum Liegen benötigen. Ziel der Studie war daher zu untersuchen, inwiefern Mastbullen bei verschiedenen Platzangeboten synchron liegen und ob ein zeitgleiches Liegen aller Tiere pro Bucht stattfindet.Material und Methoden Analysiert wurde das Liegeverhalten von 41 Mastbullen mit einem Körpergewicht > 450 kg in teil- und vollgummierten Vollspaltenbuchten. Die Haltung der Bullen erfolgte in Gruppen von 6–8 Tieren in 3 Platzangebotsgruppen (A: 3,1–3,5 m2; B: 4,0–4,2 m2, C: 6,7 m2 pro Tier). Pro Gruppe wurden in je zwei Buchten die Liegezeiten aller Einzeltiere mittels Videoaufnahmen über 2 aufeinanderfolgende Hellphasen (insgesamt 17 Stunden) erfasst.Ergebnisse Während der beiden Hellphasen lagen die Mastbullen der verschiedenen Gruppen durchschnittlich 5 h 30 min bis 9 h 6 min. In je einer Bucht der Platzangebotsgruppen A und B trat zeitgleiches Liegen aller Tiere im Beobachtungszeitraum gar nicht auf und in den übrigen Buchten über 27 min bis 4 h. Mindestens 80 % der Tiere lagen in allen Buchten während 1 h 30 min bis 7 h 13 min.Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz Bei praxisüblichem Platzangebot zwischen 3,1 m2 und 4,2 m2 war im Beobachtungszeitraum in einzelnen Buchten kein zeitgleiches Liegen aller Tiere feststellbar. Phasen, in denen nur einzelne Tiere standen oder ein Tier aufstand und sich sofort darauf ein anderes Tier hinlegte, deuten darauf hin, dass die Tiere zu einer Synchronisation des Liegeverhaltens neigten, die Platzangebote von 3,1 m2 und 4,2 m2 aber kein zeitgleiches Liegen aller Tiere erlaubten. Die Ergebnisse betonen die Notwendigkeit weiterer Studien zum Liegeflächenbedarf von Mastbullen, um das Platzangebot zu definieren, das für das zeitgleiche Liegen aller Tiere benötigt wird.
Verhaltensassoziierte und physiologische Indikatoren für Schmerz und Unwohlsein bei Kälbern nach Schwanzamputation
Authors: Mayer Carina , Zablotski Yury , Rieger Anna , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela , Feist Melanie 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Die prophylaktische Amputation der bindegewebigen Schwanzspitze mittels Gummiring ist in Deutschland nach TSchG § 6 Abs. 3 Nr. 3 bei Mastbullenkälbern genehmigungspflichtig und erfolgt zur Vermeidung von Schwanzspitzennekrosen. Andere haltungstechnische Eingriffe bei Kälbern, wie Enthornung und Kastration, sind mit Stress und Schmerzen für das Tier verbunden. Auch eine weiter proximal, im Zwischenwirbelspalt durchgeführte Amputation des Schwanzes hat erkennbare Auswirkungen auf das Tier. Dagegen gibt es zur Amputation der bindegewebigen Schwanzspitze bisher keine Studie, die entstehende Belastungen für das Kalb untersucht. Ziel der vorliegenden Pilotstudie war, das Schmerzerlebnis der Kälber bei diesem Eingriff zu erfassen.
Material und Methoden Im Rahmen einer Doppelblindstudie wurden 16 männliche, 8–10 Wochen alte Fleckvieh- oder Fleckviehkreuzungskälber untersucht. Probanden der Gruppe A (Amputation) wurde an Tag 0 ein Gummiring 3 cm oberhalb der Schwanzspitze angelegt, bei Tieren der Gruppe K (Kontrolle) erfolgte an dieser Stelle ein Kontrollhandling. Nach dem Eingriff wurde mittels ELISA die Konzentration von Kortisol und Substanz P im Blutplasma untersucht sowie Verhaltens- und Aktivitätsparameter anhand videogestützter Verhaltensbeobachtung und Pedometerdaten erfasst.
Ergebnisse Der Eingriff beeinflusste die Substanz-P-Konzentration nicht. Anders als in Gruppe A sank in Gruppe K die Kortisolkonzentration im Vergleich zum Basalwert ab. An Tag 0 zeigten Kälber der Gruppe A im Vergleich zu Tieren der Gruppe K eine höhere Schrittzahl, vermehrtes Schlagen mit dem Schwanz sowie häufigere Interaktionen des Kopfes mit Schwanz oder Hinterhand.
Schlussfolgerung Eine höhere Schrittzahl nach Anbringen des Gummirings lässt sich als Zeichen für Unruhe interpretieren, gehäuftes Schwanzschlagen und Benagen/Belecken des Schwanzes als schmerzbedingtes Abwehrverhalten. In Kombination mit dem gleichbleibend hohen Kortisolspiegel sprechen diese Parameter für eine schmerzhafte Belastung der Kälber durch die Amputation.
Klinische Relevanz Um die Inzidenz von Schwanzspitzennekrosen zu vermindern, sollte zunächst eine tierschutzgerechte Verbesserung der Haltungsumwelt im Vordergrund stehen. Bei Durchführung der Amputation lässt sich auf Grundlage dieser Studie die Gabe eines nicht steroidalen Antiphlogistikums vor Anlegen des Gummirings empfehlen, um die Schmerzbelastung für das Tier zu minimieren.
An Efficient and Concise Synthesis of α-Galactosylceramide
Authors: Imperio Daniela , Morelli Laura , Compostella Federica , Panza Luigi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA concise and stereoselective synthesis of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is described. The key features of the synthetic strategy are the use of a phytosphingosine in which the amine is masked as a tetrachlorophthalimide and the diol as an isopropylidene acetal, and the galactosyl donor is protected as a 4,6-benzylidene to improve the α selectivity of the glycosylation reaction. The pattern of protecting groups on the donor and the acceptor have proven to give an excellent match of reactivity, allowing the glycosylation reaction to take place stereoselectively. The overall synthesis gave α-GalCer in good yields and in few steps.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention strategies including pre-endoscopic virus testing and use of high risk personal protective equipment
Authors: Ebigbo Alanna , Römmele Christoph , Bartenschlager Christina , Temizel Selin , Kling Elisabeth , Brunner Jens , Messmann Helmut 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Infection prevention strategies to protect healthcare workers in endoscopy units during the post-peak phase of the COVID-19 pandemic are currently under intense discussion. In this paper, the cost-effectiveness of routine pre-endoscopy testing and high risk personal protective equipment (PPE) is addressed.
Method A model based on theoretical assumptions of 10 000 asymptomatic patients presenting to a high volume center was created. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and absolute costs per endoscopy were calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation.
Results ICER values for universal testing decreased with increasing prevalence rates. For higher prevalence rates (≥ 1 %), ICER values were lowest for routine pre-endoscopy testing coupled with use of high risk PPE, while cost per endoscopy was lowest for routine use of high risk PPE without universal testing.
Conclusion In general, routine pre-endoscopy testing combined with high risk PPE becomes more cost-effective with rising prevalence rates of COVID-19.
Impacto femoroacetabular e lesão do lábio acetabular – Parte 3: Tratamento cirúrgico
Authors: Queiroz Marcelo C. , Ricioli Junior Walter , Ejnisman Leandro , Gurgel Henrique Melo de Campos , Miyahara Helder de Souza , Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli 
Published: October 2020

ResumoNos últimos 15 anos, o diagnóstico do impacto femoroacetabular tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente; com o avanço do entendimento de quais pacientes potencialmente se beneficiariam do tratamento cirúrgico, diferentes técnicas foram desenvolvidas. O tratamento cirúrgico inclui grande variedade de opções, sendo elas: osteotomia periacetabular, técnica de luxação cirúrgica do quadril, artroscopia com osteocondroplastia via pequena incisão, técnica via anterior modificada, e técnica exclusivamente artroscópica. O tipo de abordagem deve ser escolhido de acordo com a complexidade da morfologia do impacto femoroacetabular e com o treinamento do cirurgião. As técnicas mais utilizadas atualmente são a artroscopia, a luxação cirúrgica do quadril e a osteotomia periacetabular. O presente artigo busca descrever as principais técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas para o tratamento do impacto femoroacetabular, suas indicações, vantagens e desvantagens, complicações e resultados clínicos.
DOT1L-controlled cell-fate determination and transcription elongation are independent of H3K79 methylation
Authors: Cao Kaixiang , Ugarenko Michal , Ozark Patrick A. , Wang Juan , Marshall Stacy A. , Rendleman Emily J. , Liang Kaiwei , Wang Lu , Zou Lihua , Smith Edwin R. , Yue Feng , Shilatifard Ali 
Published: October 2020

Significance
DOT1L is a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes histone H3K79 methylation, a chromatin modification that is correlated with active transcription. Inhibition of DOT1L’s catalytic activity has been studied for cancer therapy; however, the mechanisms underlying its function in development and cancer pathogenesis remain elusive. To understand the catalytic-dependent and catalytic-independent functions of DOT1L, we generated catalytic dead and null DOT1L embryonic stem cells and found that DOT1L, but not its catalytic activity, is required for establishing the proper expression signature of neural progenitor cells, suggesting that DOTlL has biological functions that are independent of its methyltransferase activity. We propose that the loss/degradation of DOT1L could be beneficial for cancer therapeutics.