bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe preeclampsia is associated with a higher relative abundance of Prevotella bivia in the vaginal microbiota
Authors: Lin Chia-Ying , Lin Chiao-Yun , Yeh Yuan-Ming , Yang Lan-Yan , Lee Yun-Shien , Chao Angel , Chin Chia-Yin , Chao An-Shine , Yang Chia-Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe sought to compare the vaginal microbiota profiles of Taiwanese women with severe preeclampsia (SPE) and normotensive control pregnancies. In a discovery cohort, vaginal swab samples and paired blood specimens were simultaneously obtained at the time of caesarean delivery from 30 women with SPE and 30 controls. The composition of vaginal microbiota was characterised by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the V3–V4 region. Results were subsequently validated by real-time qPCR. We sought confirmation of our findings in an expanded cohort consisting of 58 women with SPE and 55 controls. In both the discovery and confirmation cohorts, women with SPE had higher relative abundance of Prevotella bivia in their vaginal microbial community (P = 0.006 and 0.011, respectively). Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were higher when compared with controls (P = 0.031) in the confirmation cohort. Three variables (vaginal Prevotella bivia, plasma TNF-α, and body mass index [BMI]) were included in a prediction panel for SPE. Of these, BMI was the most predictive variable. The area under the curve (AUC) of predicted probability values for the three-variable panel revealed that it can discriminate between SPE and normotensive pregnancies with good accuracy (AUC = 0.797, P < 0.001). We conclude that enrichment of Prevotella bivia in vaginal microbiota, which is tightly regulated by BMI, may be involved in the pathogenesis of SPE.
Submillimeter Wave Instrument radiometry of the Jovian icy moons
Authors: Ilyushin Y. A. , Hartogh P. 
Published: October 2020

Context. We address the issue of remote sensing of the surfaces of Galilean icy moons. We investigate the prospects for retrieval of the physical parameters of the surface of the Jovian icy moons from submillimeter wave radiometry data.
Aims. We show that the model parameters could not be completely retrieved from the polarized radiometry data, but some of their combinations can be effectively constrained.
Methods. The polarized radiative transfer in lossy porous ice was numerically simulated. A Bayesian maximum likelihood retrieval algorithm was developed and tested on the simulated data in a wide range of variation of the model parameters. The uncertainty of the retrievals was evaluated with the Cramer-Rao bounds. We established the combinations of model parameters that can be effectively constrained from the measured data.
Results. We reveal that the effective scatterer size can be reliably constrained for a range of values where the scattering asymmetry parameter uniquely depends on the wave parameter, and for relatively high values of the single scattering albedo, for which the scattering in the medium is significant. Similarly, the domains of reliable retrieval of the single scattering albedo and thermal skin depth are established.
Tauchtauglichkeitsuntersuchungen an Bord von Kreuzfahrtschiffen
Authors: Grannemann Julia J. , Vahlbruch Bettina 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Trend zum Gerätetauchen besteht auch bei Kreuzfahrtgästen, die häufig spontan in ihrem Urlaub einen Tauchschein erwerben wollen. Es handelt sich nicht nur um junge, gesunde Gäste, sondern auch um Gäste mit Vorerkrankungen und um Kinder und Erwachsene über 40 Jahre. Wir beleuchten Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Durchführung von leitliniengerechten Tauchtauglichkeitsuntersuchungen an Bord von Kreuzfahrtschiffen. Wenn an Bord eine Lungenfunktion und ein Ruhe-EKG durchgeführt werden können, ist von tauchmedizinisch qualifizierten Schiffsärzten die Beurteilung und Attestierung der Tauchtauglichkeit von Gästen bis 39 Jahren möglich. Bei Gästen über 40 Jahren sollte keine Tauchtauglichkeit attestiert werden, wenn die vorgeschriebene Belastungsergometrie an Bord nicht durchgeführt werden kann. Daher empfehlen wir aus für den Arzt rechtlichen Gründen und für den Gast zur gesundheitlichen Sicherheit auf die Ausstellung einer Tauchtauglichkeit für Gäste ab 40 Jahren zu verzichten, wenn die Voraussetzung der Durchführung einer Belastungsergometrie nicht vorliegt.
An Open Source Solution for “Hands-on” teaching of PET/CT to Medical Students under the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Biermann Martin , Kanoun Salim , Davidsen Trond , Gray Robert 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims Since 2017, medical students at the University of Bergen were taught PET/CT “hands-on” by viewing PET/CT cases in native format on diagnostic workstations in the hospital. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students were barred access. This prompted us to launch and evaluate a new freeware PET/CT viewing system hosted in the university network.
Methods We asked our students to install the multiplatform Fiji viewer with Beth Israel PET/CT plugin (http://petctviewer.org) on their personal computers and connect to a central image database in the university network based on the public domain orthanc server (https://orthanc-server.com). At the end of course, we conducted an anonymous student survey.
Results The new system was online within eight days, including regulatory approval. All 76 students (100 %) in the fifth year completed their course work, reading five anonymized PET/CT cases as planned. 41 (53 %) students answered the survey. Fiji was challenging to install with a mean score of 1.8 on a 5-point Likert scale (5 = easy, 1 = difficult). Fiji was more difficult to use (score 3.0) than the previously used diagnostic workstations in the hospital (score 4.1; p < 0.001, paired t-test). Despite the technical challenge, 47 % of students reported having learnt much (scores 4 and 5); only 11 % were negative (scores 1 and 2). 51 % found the PET/CT tasks engaging (scores 4 and 5) while 20 % and 5 % returned scores 2 and 1, respectively.
Conclusion Despite the initial technical challenge, “hands-on” learning of PET/CT based on the freeware Fiji/orthanc PET/CT-viewer was associated with a high degree of student satisfaction. We plan to continue running the system to give students permanent access to PET/CT cases in native format regardless of time or location.
Iodothiophenes and Related Compounds as Coupling Partners in Copper-Mediated N-Arylation of Anilines
Authors: Bentabed-Ababsa Ghenia , Picot Laurent , Mongin Florence , Bouarfa Salima , Erb William , Thiéry Valérie , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
N-Arylation of various 2-acylated anilines with different electron-rich heteroaryl iodides (2- and 3-iodothiophenes, 2- and 3-iodobenzothiophenes­, 2-iodobenzofuran) was achieved by using activated copper and potassium carbonate in dibutyl ether at reflux. The reactivity of the different heteroaryl iodides and anilines employed was discussed and rationalized on the basis of their electronic features. Subsequent cyclization by aromatic electrophilic substitution easily took place in the case of C2-free (benzo)thienyl or C3-free (benzo)furyl derivatives­, affording original tri- and tetracycles. The antiproliferative activity of most of them was evaluated in A2058 melanoma cells and revealed four chlorinated tetracycles as effective growth inhibitors.
Shuddering Attacks in an Infant
Authors: Koul Roshan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractShuddering attacks are rare benign nonepileptic paroxysmal events (NEPEs) seen in infancy and early childhood. These movements may look like myoclonus or infantile spasms. Recognition of these movements is important to avoid elaborate workup and antiepileptic medications. Shuddering attacks disappear by the age of 2 years in most of these children. NEPEs are almost as common as epilepsy. It is easy to differentiate the common NEPEs from epilepsy. However, it is difficult to diagnose the rare benign NEPEs not seen before. Shuddering attacks are one of these rare NEPEs. It is commonly diagnosed as infantile spasms/myoclonus unless one observes the actual event or video very carefully.
Effect of collisions on the shape of the coherent population trapping resonance detected by the Ramsey method
Authors: Voloshin G.V. , Barantsev K.A. , Litvinov A.N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report on a theoretical model of the effect of coherent population trapping in alkali atoms in an optically thin gas cell with a buffer gas at a nonzero temperature in a pulsed laser field. The shape of the Ramsey resonance is analysed for two different temperature ranges, i. e. for a ‘cold’ atomic ensemble and for an ensemble of ‘hot’ atoms in a cell with a buffer gas. The influence of the hyperfine structure of the excited level on the shift of the central Ramsey resonance is investigated.
Thermal detector for measuring radiation parameters of pulsed lasers and generators of submillimetre and millimetre ranges
Authors: Kik M.A. , Sigov A.S. , Shilyaev A.A. , Zav’yalov V.V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A theoretical formula is derived that makes it possible to establish a relationship between the speed and sensitivity of bolometers with geometric and thermophysical parameters of the receiving element and substrate. The result is confirmed by a preliminary (evaluation) experiment. The proposed thermal detectors can record and measure the radiation power of lasers and generators of the submillimetre (SMM) and millimetre (MM) ranges.
Study of the behaviour of the light field orbital angular momentum upon astigmatic mode conversion
Authors: Volostnikov V.G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider the behaviour of the orbital angular momentum of the light field as a superposition of Hermite – Gaussian beams upon astigmatic mode conversion. An analytical expression is obtained for the orbital angular momentum of such fields. Expressions are found for various linear combinations of Hermite – Gaussian beams. The astigmatic mode conversion of the initial light fields that are equivalent from the point of view of the orbital angular momentum is shown to lead to significantly different final results.
Evaluation of temperature changes in a cell culture plate well with absorbing walls containing a 3D model of tumour spheroid under irradiation in the optical range
Authors: Sapogova N.V. , Yuzhakova D.V. , Smirnov A.A. , Shirmanova M.V. , Lukina M.M. , Gavrina A.I. , Izosimova A.V. , Zagaynova E.V. , Kamensky V.A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The temperature conditions for photodynamic therapy of the culture of tumour cells organised in 3D spheroids are studied. The spheroids are placed in the cell culture medium in the well of a special cell culture plate with absorbing walls. A mathematical model is presented that describes the temperature distribution in a well with a cell culture plate heated by optical radiation. It is shown that the temperature in the well volume is not uniformly distributed, and the temperature on the well surface can differ significantly from the temperature in its volume.
Lidar-based remote infrared gas sensor for monitoring anthropogenic pollution: a proof of concept
Authors: Meshcherinov V.V. , Spiridonov M.V. , Kazakov V.A. , Rodin A.V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose using wavelength-modulation laser absorption spectroscopy in combination with quadrature detection of scattered light for remote industrial pollution monitoring in the atmosphere with a compact lidar-based gas sensor, which can be mounted on board an unmanned aerial vehicle. The instrument can be used for detecting leaks in product pipe lines; monitoring toxic gases near landfill sites, waste incineration plants, and other hazardous man-made facilities; analysing the gas atmosphere in industrial buildings and structures; and monitoring engineering processes at a sensitivity level of tens of ppm m in gas concentration measurements at characteristic distances of tens of metres.
Frequency comb generation in WGM microsphere based generators for telecommunication applications
Authors: Braunfelds J. , Murnieks R. , Salgals T. , Brice I. , Sharashidze T. , Lyashuk I. , Ostrovskis A. , Spolitis S. , Alnis J. , Porins J. , Bobrovs V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We review the frequency comb generation process, main microresonator parameters such as free spectral range (FSR) and Q-factor, previously used optical frequency comb (OFC) generator parameters and resulting frequency combs, as well as the implementation of OFC for optical data transmission. An optical frequency comb is produced in a setup based on a tapered fibre and a SiO2 microsphere. The generated frequency comb has a frequency spacing of 2 nm or 257 GHz. During the fabrication of a tapered fibre from SMF28, use is made of the transmission signal to control the taper pulling process. The final measured tapered fibre transmission is ∼96%. A microsphere whispering gallery-mode resonator (WGMR), exhibiting a Q-factor of at least 2 × 107, is fabricated from an optical fibre with a thicker core than SSMF. Moreover, for future experiments, a frequency comb generator based on a free-space setup consisting of lenses, a prism, and a microsphere is developed, and the Q-factor dependence on different distances between the prism and the microsphere is investigated.
Final report of supplementary comparison for APMP.QM-S7.1: methane in nitrogen at 2000 μmol/mol
Authors: Hong K , Kim B M , Bae H K , Lee S , Tshilongo J , Mogale D , Seemane P , Mphamo T , Kadir H A , Ahmad M F , Nasir N H A , Baharom N , Soni D , Singh K , Bhat S , Aggarwal S G , Johri P 
Published: October 2020

Methane is one of the major greenhouse gases that affect climate change. To mitigate anthropogenic CH4 emissions effectively, it is necessary to measure and monitor CH4 emissions from the production and transport of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is important for NMIs to demonstrate measurement equivalence for the standard gases of CH4.
This is the third comparison on methane in nitrogen or air. The first comparison is the key comparison of CCQM-K82 (ambient level methane in air) and the second comparison is the supplementary comparison of APMP.QM-S7 (2000 μmol/mol methane in nitrogen). As a supplementary comparison, the purpose of this comparison is to study the comparability of CH4 standard gas mixtures at emission level (0.05 cmol/mol - 0.5 mol/mol in nitrogen or air). Furthermore, this comparison can provide a link to APMP.QM-S7 through KRISS who participated in both previous comparisons. In this comparison, KRISS prepared gas standards and sent to participants. Each participant measured the standard on their laboratory and reported their measurement results to KRISS according to the measurement protocol.
This report describes the results of a supplementary comparison for methane in nitrogen at 2000 μmol/mol.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Electronic structures and band alignment transition in double-wall MoS2/WS2 nanotubes for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Guo Dan , Yang Kaike , Zhang Cai-Xin , Shen Tao , Deng Hui-Xiong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Band alignment caused by discontinuous band structures of two different materials plays a central role in semiconductor heterojunctions and interface physics. We investigate the electronic structures and band alignments of double-wall MoS2/WS2 nanotubes with different chirality and geometry. We find that the band gap of both armchair and zigzag nanotubes obeys

E

G

=

E

G

in

−

exp

−
δ

Δ
R
−
α

,

with

E

G

in

being the band gap of the inner nanotube and

Δ
R

the spacing distance between the inner and outer nanotubes. When placing MoS2 in the inner and WS2 in the outer of the nanotubes, the band alignment belongs to type-I because the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the inner MoS2 nanotube is lower than that of the outer WS2 nanotube, and the valence band maximum (VBM) of MoS2 nanotube is higher than that of WS2 nanotube. While putting the WS2 nanotube in the inner and MoS2 nanotube in the outer, the CBM and VBM of MoS2 nanotube are both lower than the corresponding band extreme points of WS2 nanotube when their diameter is small. Therefore, type-II to type-I band alignment transition occurs, originating from charge transfer with increasing spacing distance. Due to the adjustable band gap and electronic structures, we expect that these double-wall hetero-structured nanotubes will have great potential in optoelectronic devices.
Super-resolution and optical sectioning integrated structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Dan Dan , Gao Peng , Zhao Tianyu , Dang Shipei , Qian Jia , Lei Ming , Min Junwei , Yu Xianghua , Yao Baoli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) has attracted a great deal of attention in the past few decades. As a wide-field imaging technique, SR-SIM usually suffers from issues relating to out-of-focus background, particularly when imaging thick samples. In this study, we develop an integrated SIM with simultaneous SR and optical sectioning (OS) capabilities, facilitating SR imaging of stacked optical sections, with the out-of-focus background suppressed. The combination of the merits of SR and OS is realized by means of a new image reconstruction algorithm. We confirm the validity of the integrated SIM, both experimentally and in simulation. We anticipate that this integrated SIM will assist biologists in obtaining much clearer SR images in relation to thick specimens.
Supervised learning in Hamiltonian reconstruction from local measurements on eigenstates
Authors: Cao Chenfeng , Hou Shi-Yao , Cao Ningping , Zeng Bei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reconstructing a system Hamiltonian through measurements on its eigenstates is an important inverse problem in quantum physics. Recently, it was shown that generic many-body local Hamiltonians can be recovered by local measurements without knowing the values of the correlation functions. In this work, we discuss this problem in more depth for different systems and apply supervised learning method via neural networks to solve it. For low-lying eigenstates, the inverse problem is well-posed, neural networks turn out to be efficient and scalable even with a shallow network and a small data set. For middle-lying eigenstates, the problem is ill-posed, we present a modified method based on transfer learning accordingly. Neural networks can also efficiently generate appropriate initial points for numerical optimization based on the BFGS method.
The status of the radiation safety culture within the higher education, research and teaching sectors in the UK
Authors: Coldwell T , Cole P , Dorling S , Hunter J , Mott G , Murdock C , Whitcher R , Willis S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article reports on the research by a working group, comprising members from the Association of University Radiation Protection Officers, on the radiation safety culture in the UK higher education, research and teaching (HERT) sectors. The impetus for this research arises from the work of the International Radiation Protection Association and their emphasis that embedding radiation safety culture within an organisation is the most effective way of delivering the standards of radiation safety and security that society expects. The deficiency in radiation safety culture has been a large contributor to major nuclear disasters, such as Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi. The working group designed an online survey aimed at higher education students, higher education academics, and researchers. The survey did not try to obtain an indication of safety performance, but of people’s views on behaviours and attitudes of radiation safety that reflect the current radiation safety culture in their organisation. The findings of the survey are reported in this article along with a discussion of the analysis and recommendations for improving radiation safety culture. The responses from the survey strongly indicate that the radiation safety culture in UK HERT sectors has worrying shortfalls, particularly in communication and training.
Polymer-assisted TEM specimen preparation method for oxidation-sensitive 2D materials
Authors: Köster Janis , Liang Baokun , Storm Alexander , Kaiser Ute 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By structural and analytical TEM and scanning electron microscopy experiments we show that atomically-resolved structural characterization of oxidation-sensitive two-dimensional material is strongly hindered when the final step of the preparation process, the transfer to the TEM grid, is performed with a wet etching method involving bases or acids, interacting with the highly reactive sample surface. Here we present an alternative polymer-assisted and mechanical-exfoliation-based sample preparation method and demonstrate it on selected oxidation-sensitive transition metal phosphorus trisulfides and transition metal dichalcogenides. The analysis, obtained from the samples prepared with both of the methods clearly show that oxidation is the origin of discrepancy, the oxidation during the final preparation step is strongly reduced only when the new method is applied, and atomically-resolved structural characterization of the pristine structures is now possible.
pH-dependent fluorescence of thiol-coated CdSe/CdS quantum dots in an aqueous phase
Authors: Lesiak Anna , Banski Mateusz , Halicka Kinga , Cabaj Joanna , Żak Andrzej , Podhorodecki Artur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The results presented in this paper show how the optical properties and colloidal stability of quantum dots (QDs) vary depending on pH conditions. For this investigation, as-synthesized hydrophobic CdSe/CdS QDs were transferred to an aqueous medium by surface modification with 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The ligand exchange procedure was applied under three different pH conditions: acidic, neutral and alkaline, to obtain three kinds of hydrophilic QDs dispersed in phosphate buffer. The efficiency of the functionalization of QDs was estimated based on the changes in ABS and the highest value was obtained under acidic conditions (45%). The efficiency of photoluminescence (PL) was also best preserved under these conditions, although it was 30 times less than the PL of hydrophobic QDs. Then, all three kinds of hydrophilic QDs were dispersed in solutions with a wide range of pH (2–12) and investigated by absorbance and PL measurements. The results show that QDs subjected to a ligand exchange procedure are characterized by intensive PL at the selected pH values, which correspond to pKa of the ligand. This phenomenon is independent of the pH at which the ligand exchange procedure is conducted. Moreover, it was found that the PL intensity is preserved during the experiment for QDs functionalized under neutral conditions, whereas it decreases for acidic and increases for alkaline conditions.