bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Candidates for the Prevention or Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Do they Still Have a Role?
Authors: Villarejo-Galende Alberto , González-Sánchez Marta , Blanco-Palmero Víctor A. , Llamas-Velasco Sara , Benito-León Julián 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of Review:
To provide an updated analysis of the possible use of non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as treatments for Alzheimer´s disease (AD).

Recent Findings:
Neuroinflammation in AD is an active field of research, with increasing evidence
from basic and clinical studies for an involvement of innate or adaptive immune responses in the
pathophysiology of AD. Few clinical trials with anti-inflammatory drugs have been performed in the
last decade, with negative results.

Summary:
Besides the information gathered from basic research, epidemiological studies have provided
conflicting findings, with most case-control or prevalence studies suggesting an inverse relationship
between NSAIDs use and AD, but divided results in prospective population-based incident
cohort studies. Clinical trials with different NSAIDs are almost unanimous in reporting an absence of
clear benefit in AD.

Conclusion:
The modulation of inflammatory responses is a promising therapeutic strategy in AD.
After three decades of research, it seems that conventional NSAIDs are not the best pharmacological
option, both for their lack of clear effects and for an unfavorable side-effect profile in long-term
treatment. The development of other anti-inflammatory drugs as candidate treatments in AD may
benefit from the knowledge acquired with NSAIDs.
Improved Designs of Multifunctional Covalent-Organic Frameworks: Hydrogen Storage, Methane Storage, and Water Harvesting
Authors: Nemiwal Meena , Sharma Venu , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: November 2020

:
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are covalently bonded polymers which are synthesised applying bottomup approach using molecular building units that have pre designed geometry. COFs are crystalline and have control over the
position of building units in two and three dimensions due to which highly regular, rigid and porous structures can be developed for tuning chemical and physical properties of the network. The present mini-review provides comprehensive overviews about the applications of the COFs in gas storage and water harvesting.
Recent Progress in Graphene Derivatives/Metal Oxides Binary Nanocomposites
Based Chemi-resistive Sensors for Disease Diagnosis by Breath
Analysis
Authors: Kalidoss Ramji , Surya Velappa Jayaraman , Sivalingam Yuvaraj 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The scientific and clinical interest of breath analysis for non-invasive disease diagnosis has been focused by the scientific community over the past decade. This was due to the exhalation of prominent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) corresponding to the metabolic activities in the body and their concentration variation. To identify these biomarkers, various analytical techniques have been used in the past and the threshold concentration was established between a healthy and diseased state. Subsequently, various nanomaterials-based gas sensors were explored for their demand in quantifying these biomarkers for real-time, low cost and portable breathalyzers along with the essential sensor performances.

Methods:
We focus on the classification of graphene derivatives and their composites’ gas sensing efficiency for the application in the development of breathalyzers. The review begins with the feasibility of the application of nanomaterial gas sensors for healthcare applications. Then, we systematically report the gas sensing performance of various graphene derivatives/semiconductor metal oxides (SMO) binary nanocomposites and their optimizing strategies in selective detection of biomarkers specific to diseases. Finally, we provide insights on the challenges, opportunity and future research directions for the development of breathalyzers using other graphene derivatives/SMO binary nanocomposites.

Results:
On the basis of these analyses, graphene and its derivatives/metal oxides based binary nanocomposites have been a choice for gas sensing material owing to their high electrical conductivity and extraordinary thickness-dependent physicochemical properties. Moreover, the presence of oxygen vacancies in SMO does not only alter the conductivity but also accelerates the carrier transport rate and influence the adsorption behavior of target analyte on the sensing materials. Hence researchers are exploring the search of ultrathin graphene and metal oxide counterpart for high sensing performances.

Conclusion:
Their impressive properties compared to their bulk counterpart have been uncovered towards sensitive and selective detection of biomarkers for its use in portable breathalyzers.
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Sulfonylureas
Authors: Fernandez Cornelius James , Raveendran Arkiath Veettil , Htwe Nyi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract::
There is a universal agreement that when lifestyle modifications are inadequate to control
the hyperglycemia, metformin should be considered the first line of pharmacological therapy.
However, when metformin monotherapy fails, there is no consensus as to which drug should be
added. Many new classes of drugs that are currently available including DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1
agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors have undergone cardiovascular outcome trials which had been
made mandatory by the regulatory authority and thereby established their cardiovascular safety or
at least neutrality. Though sulfonylureas are one of the widely prescribed drugs both in developed
and developing countries and have proven their efficacy for glycemic control and prevention of microvascular
complications, there is considerable uncertainty about its cardiovascular safety which
has been going on for nearly five decades. In this review, we will critically analyze the efficacy
and cardiovascular safety of sulphonylureas, based on the latest available literature to clarify their
role in our day-to-day clinical practice.
COVID-19 Treatment Success After Repeat Courses of Azithromycin: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Ghiasvand Fereshteh , Ghadimi Maryam , Sadr Sara , Jafari Fatemeh , Manafi Navid , Ahmadinejad Zahra , Tirgar Samaneh , Seyed Alinaghi Seyed Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Azithromycin has been considered as a possible therapeutic agent for
COVID-19 patients. However, there is limited data on its efficacy.

Case Presentation:
We describe three patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who did not respond to
the initial treatment but improved dramatically upon adding azithromycin with a successful outcome.

Conclusion:
We have presented evidence of the potential beneficial effect of the azithromycin in
the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in three different clinical settings. More evidence is needed
regarding the microbiological data, safety, and efficacy of this medication in the management of
COVID-19.
Ligand Decorated Primaquine Loaded Nanocarriers for Liver Targeting for Triggered Anti-Malarial Activity
Authors: Mehan Paramjot , Garg Ashish , Ajay Kumar , Mishra Neeraj 
Published: November 2020

Objective::
The aim of the current research is to formulate a nano delivery system for effective
delivery of primaquine for liver targeting to achieve the potential anti-malarial activity.
Another objective of current development is to formulate a lactobionic acid conjugated polyphosphazene
based nano delivery of primaquine for liver targeting to distinguish anti-malarial activity.

Methods::
The particle size, entrapment efficiency, in-vitro drug release pattern, hepatotoxicity,
MTT assay, erythrocyte toxicity assay, histopathology study, HepG2 cell uptake study, anti--
malarial study, and organ-distribution was also carried out to estimate the activity and potential features
of a nanoparticle system.

Results::
The results obtained from the above analysis justify the efficiency and effectiveness of the
system. The NMR studies confirm the conjugation pattern and the TEM represents the spherical
morphological features of nanoparticles. The controlled release pattern from the in-vitro release
study was observed and found to be 73.25% of drug release in 20 hrs and in the nano-size range
(61.6± 1.56 nm) by particle size analysis.SGOT level, SGPT, ALP, and Parasitemia level of optimized
drug-loaded PEGylated lactobionic acid conjugated polyphosphazene derivatized nanoparticles
(FF) was found to lie in the safe range, showing that the formulation is non-toxic to the liver.
Primaquine drug-loaded PEGylated lactobionic acid conjugated polyphosphazene polymeric nanoparticles
showed higher cell uptake on HepG2 cell lines as compared to the drug-loaded in PEGylated
polyphosphazene polymeric nanoparticles and plain drug.Percentage cell viability of drugloaded
PEGylated lactobionic acid conjugated polyphosphazene derivatized nanoparticles was decreased
by enhancing the concentration of prepared nanoparticle system accessed by MTT assay.

Conclusion::
From the studies, it can be concluded that the optimized formulation of drug-loaded
PEGylated lactobionic acid conjugated polyphosphazene derivatized nanoparticles showed high liver
targeting, least toxicity to the liver, controlled release of the drug, higher anti-malarial activity
against hepatocytes at a low dose, more effectiveness, and can be treated as a potential candidate
for anti-malarial therapy.
Current Opportunities and Challenges in the Incorporation of the LCA Method in BIM
Authors: Durão Vera , Costa António Aguiar , Silvestre José Dinis , Mateus Ricardo , Santos Ruben , de Brito Jorge 
Published: November 2020

Background:
In the last years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been integrated to support the pursuit of sustainability in the built environment. However, the integration of environmental information with different specificity and reliability requirements on distinct Levels of Development (LOD) of BIM objects was not yet exploited considering several environmental impact categories.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to discuss the complexity and depth of LCA information needed for BIM objects, considering different LOD, and to propose a parametrisation of environmental information be included in BIM objects according to their LODs.

Methods:
A literature review on LCA methodology, sources of LCA information, integration of LCA in BIM, and LOD of BIM objects was initially performed, followed by a detailed characterisation of the different types of sources of LCA information to include in BIM models. These steps contributed to the development of the proposed parametrisation of environmental data.

Results:
A parametrisation of environmental information to be included in BIM objects was developed. This parametrisation considered the degree at which the element’s information has been specified (LOD) and the respective detail and reliability of the environmental information to include.

Conclusion:
A new approach is proposed that allows an evolutive integration of environmental information in BIM objects according to their growing LODs.
Language learning motivation in collaborative online international learning: an activity theory analysis
Authors: Nishio Tomoe , Fujikake Chie , Osawa Masataka 
Published: November 2020

This study investigated the development of language learning motivation in an American student of Japanese, Jason, during a mobility-based Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project with a Japanese institution. Drawing on an activity theory perspective, this qualitative case study analyzed the student artifacts of the project as well as of interview and fieldnote data to illustrate the transformational process. Findings demonstrate how Jason’s pre-COIL motives (pragmatic, cultural, linguistic, and intellectual) were negotiated while participating in the COIL project. Through interacting with Japanese students, Jason’s preexisting linguistic demotivation was reversed by his positive reevaluation of his own oral skills, which enhanced his desire for higher proficiency. The project also stimulated Jason’s intellectual motive to learn Japanese using technology, leading to his autonomous choice to research language learning and technology, and to create a podcast. It is argued that Jason’s motivation for Japanese learning was enhanced through the social process, during which motives were transformed along with personal significance to him.
ANALISIS USABILITY PADA SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH RIAU MENGGUNAKAN METODE SYSTEM USABILITY SCALE (SUS)
Authors: Sari Widad Ulfika 
Published: November 2020

Sistem informasi akademik merupakan media yang dapat membantu proses berjalannya kegiatan akademik. Kelancaran proses akademik dipengaruhi oleh kualitas sistem informasi yang dimiliki. Sistem dapat dikatakan memiliki tingkat usability yang tinggi apabila pengguna bisa memperoleh apa yang mereka butuhkan dan mengerti dengan sistem tersebut. Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau menerapkan sistem informasi untuk membantu proses akademiknya yaitu SIAM. Saat ini, terdapat beberapa kendala dalam mengakses sistem tersebut. Kendala tersebut berasal dari beberapa kekurangan yang dimiliki oleh sistem tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pada SIAM, mengetahui tingkat usability nya, dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan SIAM. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode System Usability Scale (SUS). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah SIAM memiliki skor SUS sebesar 72,27 yang berarti bahwa SIAM sudah acceptable, memiliki skala nilai C+ dan memiliki rating good atau baik serta nilai percentile rank berada pada nilai 63,34. Pada identifikasi masalah diketahui bahwa fungsi dan fitur pada SIAM dinilai masih belum dirancang dengan baik dan memiliki banyak inkonsistensi. Oleh karena itu diberikan beberapa rekomendasi perbaikan yang diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan bagi tim pengembang sistem dalam melakukan perbaikan usability sistem sehingga SIAM memiliki tingkat usability yang tinggi dan dapat mencapai kepuasan pengguna.
Predicting Unplanned Readmissions Following a Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mohammadi Ramin , Jain Sarthak , Namin Amir T , Scholem Heller Melissa , Palacholla Ramya , Kamarthi Sagar , Wallace Byron 
Published: November 2020

Background
Total joint replacements are high-volume and high-cost procedures that should be monitored for cost and quality control. Models that can identify patients at high risk of readmission might help reduce costs by suggesting who should be enrolled in preventive care programs. Previous models for risk prediction have relied on structured data of patients rather than clinical notes in electronic health records (EHRs). The former approach requires manual feature extraction by domain experts, which may limit the applicability of these models.

Objective
This study aims to develop and evaluate a machine learning model for predicting the risk of 30-day readmission following knee and hip arthroplasty procedures. The input data for these models come from raw EHRs. We empirically demonstrate that unstructured free-text notes contain a reasonably predictive signal for this task.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 7174 patients at Partners Healthcare collected between 2006 and 2016. These data were split into train, validation, and test sets. These data sets were used to build, validate, and test models to predict unplanned readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge. The proposed models made predictions on the basis of clinical notes, obviating the need for performing manual feature extraction by domain and machine learning experts. The notes that served as model inputs were written by physicians, nurses, pathologists, and others who diagnose and treat patients and may have their own predictions, even if these are not recorded.

Results
The proposed models output readmission risk scores (propensities) for each patient. The best models (as selected on a development set) yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.846 (95% CI 82.75-87.11) for hip and 0.822 (95% CI 80.94-86.22) for knee surgery, indicating reasonable discriminative ability.

Conclusions
Machine learning models can predict which patients are at a high risk of readmission within 30 days following hip and knee arthroplasty procedures on the basis of notes in EHRs with reasonable discriminative power. Following further validation and empirical demonstration that the models realize predictive performance above that which clinical judgment may provide, such models may be used to build an automated decision support tool to help caretakers identify at-risk patients.
Understanding Parents’ Experiences When Caring for a Child With Functional Constipation: Interpretive Description Study
Authors: Thompson Alison P , MacDonald Shannon E , Wine Eytan , Scott Shannon D 
Published: November 2020

Background
Pediatric functional constipation (FC) is a common but serious medical condition. Despite significant effects on children, families, and the health care system, the condition is typically undertreated. Parents carry the primary responsibility for complex treatment programs; therefore, understanding their experiences and needs may offer a critical perspective toward improving clinical care.

Objective
The aim of this study is to understand and give voice to parents’ experiences and information needs when caring for a child with FC. The ultimate objective is to build an evidence base suitable for creating a digital knowledge translation tool to better support parents caring for a child with FC.

Methods
This qualitative design used an interpretive description methodology to generate findings aimed at improving clinical care. One-on-one, in-depth interviews were completed either in person or through web-based teleconferencing to explore parents’ perspectives. Data collection and analysis occurred concurrently.

Results
Analysis of 16 interviews generated 4 major themes: living in the shadows; not taken seriously, with a subtheme of persevering and advocating; missing information and misinformation; and self-doubt and strained relationships. One minor theme of affirmative influences that foster resilience and hope was identified.

Conclusions
Parents have unmet needs for support and information related to pediatric FC. To address gaps in current care provision, decision makers may consider interventions for clinicians, resources for parents, and shifting care models to better meet parents’ needs.
Adaptive Elements in Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatment Systems: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Mukhiya Suresh Kumar , Wake Jo Dugstad , Inal Yavuz , Pun Ka I , Lamo Yngve 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Internet-delivered psychological treatments (IDPTs) are built on evidence-based psychological treatment models, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and are adjusted for internet use. The use of internet technologies has the potential to increase access to evidence-based mental health services for a larger proportion of the population with the use of fewer resources. However, despite extensive evidence that internet interventions can be effective in the treatment of mental health disorders, user adherence to such internet intervention is suboptimal.

OBJECTIVE

This review aimed to (1) inspect and identify the adaptive elements of IDPT for mental health disorders, (2) examine how system adaptation influences the efficacy of IDPT on mental health treatments, (3) identify the information architecture, adaptive dimensions, and strategies for implementing these interventions for mental illness, and (4) use the findings to create a conceptual framework that provides better user adherence and adaptiveness in IDPT for mental health issues.

METHODS

The review followed the guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The research databases Medline (PubMed), ACM Digital Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for studies dating from January 2000 to January 2020. Based on predetermined selection criteria, data from eligible studies were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 3341 studies were initially identified based on the inclusion criteria. Following a review of the title, abstract, and full text, 31 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected, most of which described attempts to tailor interventions for mental health disorders. The most common adaptive elements were feedback messages to patients from therapists and intervention content. However, how these elements contribute to the efficacy of IDPT in mental health were not reported. The most common information architecture used by studies was tunnel-based, although a number of studies did not report the choice of information architecture used. Rule-based strategies were the most common adaptive strategies used by these studies. All of the studies were broadly grouped into two adaptive dimensions based on user preferences or using performance measures, such as psychometric tests.

CONCLUSIONS

Several studies suggest that adaptive IDPT has the potential to enhance intervention outcomes and increase user adherence. There is a lack of studies reporting design elements, adaptive elements, and adaptive strategies in IDPT systems. Hence, focused research on adaptive IDPT systems and clinical trials to assess their effectiveness are needed.
NEGOTIATION OF IDENTITY IN DIASPORIC LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY ON AMY TAN’S THE HUNDRED SECRET SENSES AND LESLIE MARMON SILKO’S CEREMONY
Authors: Nindyasmara Ken Ruri 
Published: November 2020

Negotiation of identity has become an important issue because its never-ending process always relates to conflicts, differences and similarities. Chinese Americans and Native Americans are two distinct diasporic communities amongst other ethnic group in the U.S. As minorities, they experience prejudice, discrimination and exclusion from mainstream American culture and society. This research aims to reveal the negotiation of identity of Chinese Americans and Native Americans which is reflected on their literature. Literature is seen as the record of diasporic experience of both ethnic groups. This research is qualitative conducted under Post-Nationalist American Studies. Post-colonial, hegemony and representation theories are used to help the process of data analysis. The primary data is taken from The Hundred Secret Senses written by Amy Tan and Ceremony written by Leslie Marmon Silko. The secondary data are taken from books, journals, and internet sources. The finding of the research shows that Chinese Americans and Native Americans negotiate their identity by choosing or combining competing values. The construction of identity is done through the reenactment of ethnic root and the adaptation to mainstream American cultural values. Sense of belongingness, history and socio-cultural background become the determining factors of identity negotiation. In brief, they construct hybrid identity to survive and to counter American hegemony. Compared to Native Americans, Chinese Americans are more blending to mainstream American culture. However, both novels depict their hybrid identity. Keywords: identity negotiation, diasporic literature, diaspora communities, hegemony, hybrid identity