bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic food consumption and the incidence of cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Jadotte Yuri T. , Koos Jessica , Lane Dorothy 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the association between organic food consumption and the incidence of cancer among adults.

Introduction:
Organic foods differ from traditional food in the methods in which they are produced. There is literature to suggest that they are associated with better health outcomes, including a lower incidence of some cancers. The association between organic food consumption and the incidence of cancer has not yet been synthesized.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies that compared organic food consumption to conventional food consumption, measured the incidence of cancer among adults, and captured disease incidence, such as prospective and retrospective cohort methodologies, will be included.

Methods:
A comprehensive search strategy will be implemented to retrieve relevant studies from PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, PsycINFO, Science.gov, Web of Science/Web of Knowledge, and Academic Search Premiere, as well as gray literature sources such as Google Scholar, DARE and Dissertation Abstracts International. The search parameters will include studies for which the full text in English is available, and studies dated 2009 or later, as this was the date of a previous systematic review on the association between organic food consumption and health outcomes that did not find any studies with cancer-related outcomes. Study screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be performed independently by pairs of reviewers among the authorship team. Data synthesis will include narrative review and meta-analysis if appropriate.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019126224
Effectiveness of thoracic epidural anesthesia in reducing morbidity and mortality in adults with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review protocol and meta-analysis
Authors: Ede Christa , Ortiz Rey , Anderson Lori R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of thoracic epidural in reducing morbidity and mortality in adults with acute pancreatitis.

Introduction:
Acute pancreatitis is a common disease that often results in significant morbidity and mortality. Although the use of a thoracic epidural anesthesia in patients with acute pancreatitis provides effective analgesia, there appears to be additional non-analgesic benefits associated with thoracic epidural anesthesia.

Inclusion criteria:
Randomized controlled trials will be sought for inclusion, but this review will also consider quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies, case-controlled studies, cross-sectional studies, and case-series studies. Studies will include patients 18 years of age and older with acute pancreatitis, with no exclusion to comorbidity. Studies published in a language other than English will be excluded unless a translated version is available.

Methods:
The key databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, OpenGrey, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Studies will be assessed for inclusion by at least two independent reviewers. Included studies will be critically appraised by two independent reviewers using standardized critical appraisal instruments from JBI. Data will be extracted from studies included in the review using a standardized extraction tool. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in statistical meta-analysis using JBI SUMARI.

Systematic review registration number:
The title of this protocol has been registered with the JBI Systematic Review Register. This manuscript has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177756).
Techniques for registration of myoelectric activity of women's pelvic floor muscles: a scoping review protocol
Authors: de Oliveira Ferro Josepha Karinne , Lemos Andrea , de Santana Chagas Alessandra Carolina , de Moraes Alexa Alves , de Moura Filho Alberto Galvão , de Oliveira Daniella Araújo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify the most frequently used protocols for analyzing the myoelectric activity of the pelvic floor muscles during surface electromyography in women aged 18 years or older.

Introduction:
Surface electromyography is normally used in assessment and treatment for research purposes when it is intended to quantitatively measure the electrophysiological behavior of the neuromuscular system. However, although there are internationally standardized, non-invasive assessment protocols for most muscle groups, there is no consensus for pelvic floor muscles, which makes it difficult to standardize in scientific research and clinical applicability.

Inclusion criteria:
Studies that explore registration protocols and filtering parameters of surface electromyographic signals in women aged over 18 years old with or without pelvic floor dysfunction will be considered. Studies encompassing either electromyographic biofeedback as a treatment resource only or electroneuromyography (needle electrode) will be excluded.

Methods:
Primary studies published in the previous 10 years in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central databases will be included. The search will encompass descriptors registered in MeSH. The identified articles will be assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers in three stages: evaluation by title, abstract, and full text. If there is any disagreement, a third reviewer will be consulted. Data will be extracted and organized in standardized spreadsheets. The results will be assigned to categories in order to facilitate the organization of a protocol with the most commonly used parameters for non-invasive assessment of myoelectric activity of pelvic floor muscles.
Innovating organ delivery to improve access to care: surgeon perspectives on the current system and future use of unmanned aircrafts
Authors: Talaie Tara , Niederhaus Silke , Villalongas Ester , Scalea Joseph 
Published: November 2020

Objective
Organ transportation requires innovation. We recently showed that unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) could transport human organs. There are no data addressing UAS acceptance among healthcare providers. Conceptually, UAS implementation may improve delivery of care through improved efficiency. We sought to learn surgical perspectives on current and innovated organ transport systems.

Methods
An Institutional Review Board exempt, pretested, 5-point Likert scale web-based survey was undertaken. Transplant surgeons taking kidney transplant offers in the USA (n=174) were sampled.

Results
Of 174 surveys, 122 were delivered successfully, and 55 responses collected. Mean age was 48.1 (range 34–64), and 80% were male. Forty-two (76.4%) surgeons felt cold ischaemia time reduction to 8 hours would increase organ acceptance rates. More than 23% of respondents were fearful and 34.5% nervous regarding drones. Nearly all (92.7%) respondents believed drones could help people; 90.9% felt the mode of transportation was irrelevant to their decision to accept an organ but that speed and quality were most important. Only 16.4% of surgeons believed the current system is adequate for our transportation needs.

Conclusions
Surgeons feel the present system of organ transportation needs reform, and an innovated system using UAS might improve care. An innovated organ transportation system involving UAS may lead to fear and anxiety among transplant surgeons, suggesting that research and education are required ahead of adoption.
Developing a globally applicable cybersecurity framework for healthcare: a Delphi consensus study
Authors: O'Brien Niki , Grass Emilia , Martin Guy , Durkin Mike , Darzi Ara , Ghafur Saira 
Published: November 2020

Background
Cybersecurity in healthcare has become increasingly important as the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of digital technologies in healthcare provision around the world, while simultaneously encouraged cybercriminals to target healthcare organisations in greater numbers. Despite the threat of cyberattack to patient safety and the provision of healthcare, cybersecurity in the health sector lags behind other industries. Additionally, no adequate cybersecurity framework exists which considers the unique needs of the health sector.

Methods
An online Delphi was carried out to develop a globally relevant and applicable readiness framework to guide cybersecurity planning in healthcare. Experts (n=42) in the areas of cybersecurity, information communications and technology and health informatics were invited to list the components they felt were essential to a framework and subsequently agree with consensus on a final framework based on the identified components.

Results
After two rounds, the Essentials of Cybersecurity in Healthcare Organizations (ECHO) framework with 51 components, grouped into six categories, was regarded by the experts as an acceptable planning tool to guide cybersecurity in healthcare at the global level.

Conclusions
The ECHO framework, designed based on components chosen by international experts to meet the challenges of cybersecurity scale-up in the health and care sector globally, can help guide policymakers and health and care organisations in strengthening their cybersecurity infrastructure and deliver safe and effective care.
Comorbidity burden in patients undergoing left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Sanjoy Shubrandu , Choi Yun-Hee , Holmes David , Herrman Howard , Terre Juan , Alraies Chadi , Ando Tomo , Tzemos Nikolaos , Mamas Mamas , Bagur Rodrigo 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of in-hospital complications after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) in relationship with comorbidity burden.MethodsCohort-based observational study using the US National Inpatient Sample database, 1 October 2015 to 31 December 2017. The main outcome of interest was the occurrence of in-hospital major adverse events (MAE) defined as the composite of bleeding complications, acute kidney injury, vascular complications, cardiac complications and postprocedural stroke. Comorbidity burden and thromboembolic risk were assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Elixhauser Comorbidity Score (ECS) and CHA2DS2-VASc score. MAE were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The associations of comorbidity with in-hospital MAE were evaluated using logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 3294 hospitalisations were identified, among these, the mean age was 75.7±8.2 years, 60% were male and 86% whites. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 4.3±1.5 and 29.5% of the patients had previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. The mean CCI and ECS were 2.2±1.9 and 9.7±5.8, respectively. The overall composite rate of in-hospital MAE after LAAC was 4.6%. Females and non-whites had about 1.5 higher odds of in-hospital AEs as well participants with higher CCI (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.24, p<0.001), ECS (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.08, p<0.001) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (aOR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.15, p=0.01) were significantly associated with in-hospital MAE.ConclusionIn this large cohort of LAAC patients, the majority of them had significant comorbidity burden. In-hospital MAE occurred in 4.6% and female patients, non-whites and those with higher burden of comorbidities were at higher risk of in-hospital MAE after LAAC.
Risk of intracranial hemorrhage associated with pregnancy in women with cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Lee Songmi , Kim Youngran , Navi Babak B , Abdelkhaleq Rania , Salazar-Marioni Sergio , Blackburn Spiros L , Bambhroliya Arvind B , Lopez-Rivera Victor , Vahidy Farhaan , Savitz Sean I , Medhus Annika , Kamel Hooman , Grotta James C , McCullough Louise , Chen Peng Roc , Sheth Sunil A 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPrior studies on rupture risk of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in women undergoing pregnancy and delivery have reported conflicting findings, but also have not accounted for AVM morphology and heterogeneity. Here, we assess the association between pregnancy and the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in women with AVMs using a cohort-crossover design in which each woman serves as her own control.MethodsWomen who underwent pregnancy and delivery were identified using DRG codes from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for California (2005–2011), Florida (2005–2014), and New York (2005–2014). The presence of AVM and ICH was determined using ICD 9 codes. Pregnancy was defined as the 40 weeks prior to delivery, and postpartum as 12 weeks after. We defined a non-exposure control period as a 52-week period prior to pregnancy. The relative risks of ICH during pregnancy were compared against the non-exposure period using conditional Poisson regression.ResultsAmong 4 022 811 women identified with an eligible delivery hospitalization (median age, 28 years; 7.3% with gestational diabetes; 4.5% with preeclampsia/eclampsia), 568 (0.014%) had an AVM. The rates of ICH during pregnancy and puerperium were 6355.4 (95% CI 4279.4 to 8431.5) and 14.4 (95% CI 13.3 to 15.6) per 100 000 person-years for women with and without AVM, respectively. In cohort-crossover analysis, in women with AVMs the risk of ICH increased 3.27-fold (RR, 95% CI 1.67 to 6.43) during pregnancy and puerperium compared with a non-pregnant period.ConclusionsAmong women with AVM, pregnancy and puerperium were associated with a greater than 3-fold risk of ICH.
A multi-layer approach to disinformation detection in US and Italian news spreading on Twitter
Authors: Pierri Francesco , Piccardi Carlo , Ceri Stefano 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe tackle the problem of classifying news articles pertaining todisinformationvsmainstreamnews by solely inspecting their diffusion mechanisms on Twitter. This approach is inherently simple compared to existing text-based approaches, as it allows to by-pass the multiple levels of complexity which are found in news content (e.g. grammar, syntax, style). As we employ a multi-layer representation of Twitter diffusion networks where each layer describes one single type of interaction (tweet, retweet, mention, etc.), we quantify the advantage of separating the layers with respect to an aggregated approach and assess the impact of each layer on the classification. Experimental results with two large-scale datasets, corresponding to diffusion cascades of news shared respectively in the United States and Italy, show that a simple Logistic Regression model is able to classify disinformation vs mainstream networks with high accuracy (AUROC up to 94%). We also highlight differences in the sharing patterns of the two news domains which appear to be common in the two countries. We believe that our network-based approach provides useful insights which pave the way to the future development of a system to detect misleading and harmful information spreading on social media.
The Effects of Hydrophobicity and Drainage Velocity on Water Retention Behaviour in Porous Media: A Computational Study
Authors: Yong K. W. , Ganesan P. B. , Hamidi E. , Kazi S. N. , Ramesh S. 
Published: November 2020

The present study investigates the water retention behavior in two different types of porous media, i.e., porous metal — a type of metallic foam and ideal geometry. The present study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model a decreasing water level in a reservoir consisting of a stationary porous medium beneath the water surface at initial stage. It mimics the setup of dynamics dip-testing which measures the amount of retained water for different types of fins-tubes heat exchangers. The study varies parameters like static contact angle ([Formula: see text]) and drainage velocity ([Formula: see text]). The literature review summarizes the unique water retention behaviors for different types of heat exchangers and the findings of the present study. Furthermore, the present study proposed new parameters for evaluating the structural variations in porous metal that explains the water saturation distribution in detail. The evaluation method could provide an insightful idea for performing the quality control check on metallic foam.
Visual Impairment Prevalence, Causes, and Role of Healthcare Access: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Iran
Authors: Afarid Mehrdad , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Mahdaviazad Hamideh , Alamolhoda Marzieh , Farahangiz Saman 
Published: November 2020

Purpose. Healthcare access is one of the determinants of visual impairment (VI), as a public health problem. The objective of this study was to estimate VI prevalence, related causes, and its correlation with access to physicians in Iran. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis include observational studies published in Iran. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and local databases were systematically searched by using the MeSH headings. Data on the provincial distribution of physicians, as an index of access to healthcare, was retrieved. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to assess. Results. Eight articles were included. The pooled prevalence of blindness, low vision, and VI was 0.80% (95% CI: 0.61–0.99%), 2.92% (95% CI: 2.40–3.44%), and 5.57% (95% CI: 4.71–6.43%). Refractive errors were the most common causes of VI based on PVA with the pooled prevalence of 54.6% (95% CI: 43.4–65.8%). Based on BCVA, we found that the pooled prevalence of cataracts was 37.4% (95% CI: 29.5–45.3%) as the most common cause of VI. The results of metaregression showed that the greater number of general practitioners (GPs) (

P

value
=
0.01

) and pharmacists (

P

value
=
0.024

) per population were associated with a lower prevalence of blindness. Conclusion. Some of the main causes of visual impairment in Iran are preventable. Access to healthcare services may lead to early diagnosis of preventable causes of VI. Further well-designed studies and national surveys should be conducted to provide accurate data from different regions of Iran.
Effects of Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D on Circulating Biomarkers of Gut Barrier Function in Patients with Colon Adenoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vermandere Kelly , Bostick Roberd M. , Tran Hao Q. , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Barry Elizabeth L. , Rutherford Robin E. , Seabrook March E. , Fedirko Veronika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGut barrier dysfunction promotes chronic inflammation, contributing to several gastrointestinal diseases, including colorectal cancer. Preliminary evidence suggests that vitamin D and calcium could prevent colorectal carcinogenesis, in part, by influencing gut barrier function. However, relevant human data are scarce. We tested the effects of supplemental calcium (1,200 mg/day) and/or vitamin D3 (1,000 IU/day) on circulating concentrations of biomarkers of gut permeability (anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide IgA and IgG, measured via ELISA) from baseline to 1 and 3 or 5 years postbaseline among 175 patients with colorectal adenoma in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. We also assessed factors associated with baseline concentrations of these biomarkers. We found no appreciable effects of supplemental vitamin D3 and/or calcium on individual or aggregate biomarkers of gut permeability. At baseline, a combined permeability score (the summed concentrations of all four biomarkers) was 14% lower among women (P = 0.01) and 10% higher among those who consumed &gt;1 serving per day of red or processed meats relative to those who consumed none (Ptrend = 0.03). The permeability score was estimated to be 49% higher among participants with a body mass index (BMI) &gt; 35 kg/m2 relative to those with a BMI &lt; 22.5 kg/m2 (Ptrend = 0.17). Our results suggest that daily supplemental vitamin D3 and/or calcium may not modify circulating concentrations of gut permeability biomarkers within 1 or 3–5 years, but support continued investigation of modifiable factors, such as diet and excess adiposity, that could affect gut permeability.Prevention Relevance:Calcium and vitamin D may be involved in regulating and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, the dysfunction of which results in exposure of the host to luminal bacteria, endotoxins, and antigens leading to potentially cancer-promoting endotoxemia and chronic colon inflammation. While our results suggest that daily supplementation with these chemopreventive agents does not modify circulating concentrations of gut permeability biomarkers, they support continued investigation of other potential modifiable factors, such as diet and excess adiposity, that could alter gut barrier function, to inform the development of treatable biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms and effective colon cancer preventive strategies.
Amino Acid-Level Signal-to-Noise Analysis Aids in Pathogenicity Prediction of Incidentally Identified
TTN
-Encoded Titin Truncating Variants
Authors: Connell Patrick S. , Berkman Amy M. , Souder BriAnna M. , Pirozzi Elisa J. , Lovin Julia J. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Liu Pengfei , Tunuguntla Hari , Allen Hugh D. , Denfield Susan W. , Kim Jeffrey J. , Landstrom Andrew P. 
Published: November 2020

Background:

TTN
, the largest gene in the human body, encodes TTN (titin), a protein that plays key structural, developmental, and regulatory roles in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Variants in
TTN
, particularly truncating variants (TTNtvs), have been implicated in the pathogenicity of cardiomyopathy. Despite this link, there is also a high burden of TTNtvs in the ostensibly healthy general population. This complicates the diagnostic interpretation of incidentally identified TTNtvs, which are of increasing abundance given expanding clinical exome sequencing.

Methods:
Incidentally identified TTNtvs were obtained from a large referral database of clinical exome sequencing (Baylor Genetics) and compared with rare population variants from genome aggregation database and cardiomyopathy-associated variants from cohort studies in the literature. A subset of TTNtv-positive children evaluated for cardiomyopathy at Texas Children’s Hospital was retrospectively reviewed for clinical features of cardiomyopathy. Amino acid-level signal-to-noise analysis was performed.

Results:
Pathological hotspots were identified within the A-band and N-terminal I-band that closely correlated with regions of high percent-spliced in of exons. Incidental TTNtvs and population TTNtvs did not localize to these regions. Variants were reclassified based on current American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria with incorporation of signal-to-noise analysis among Texas Children’s Hospital cases. Those reclassified as likely pathogenic or pathogenic were more likely to have evidence of cardiomyopathy on echocardiography than those reclassified as variants of unknown significance.

Conclusions:
Incidentally found TTNtvs are common among clinical exome sequencing referrals. Pathological hotspots within the A-band of TTN may be informative in determining variant pathogenicity when incorporated into current American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines.