bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkanolammonium Protic Ionic Liquids for Low Temperature 68Ga‐Radiolabeling of DOTA‐Functionalized Compounds
Authors: Antuganov Dmitrii , Nadporojskii Mikhail , Sysoev Dmitry , Shatik Sergey , Kondratenko Yulia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNowadays, the radiolabeling of small biomolecules with isotope 68Ga is one of the important directions in the field of Positron‐Emission Tomography (PET). The right choice of buffer for reaction helps to achieve optimal conditions for higher yields. Earlier, we found that protic ionic liquids based on tris(2‐hydroxyethyl)ammonium and tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium salts are suitable buffers for the chelation of the 68Ga to the PSMA‐HBED‐CC (a peptide with an acyclic chelator). Herein we describe the labeling of p‐SCN‐Bn‐DOTA (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) chelator and peptides (DOTA‐NOC, DOTA‐TATE, and PSMA‐617) with gallium‐68 isotope in media of alkanolammonium buffers based on tris(2‐hydroxyethyl)ammonium (TEA), tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl ammonium (TRIS) and N‐phenyl‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)ammonium (PDA) salts. Besides, for the first time, we present results of low‐temperature 68Ga‐complexation in the presence of organic solvents additives. An essential consequence of this study is that for the series of alkanolammonium buffers, high radiochemical conversions were achieved upon incubation of reaction media under 37 °C.
Synthesis of Extended Bipyridine‐proline Chiral Catalysts and Resulting Effects on the Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of Bulkier Aldehyde Derivatives with Cyclohexanone
Authors: Xu Guangpeng , Zhang Yajing , Sun Jihong , Bai Shiyang , Zhao Hongwu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAxially‐unfixed 2,2′‐bipyridine‐based chiral catalysts were synthesized using enantiopure amino acids as chiral sources, which were successfully used in asymmetric aldol reactions of p‐nitrobenzaldehyde with cyclohexanone, while the bulkier aldehyde derivatives (2‐naphthaldehyde, 9‐anthracenecarboxaldehyde, and 1‐pyrenecarboxaldehyde) were selected to further elucidate the catalytic properties. Particularly, the influences of the bipyridine‐proline chiral structures and the polarities of used solvents (petroleum ether, toluene, CH2Cl2, ethanol, DMF, DMSO, and water) on the catalytic performance were investigated. The results indicated that the structure of bipyridine catalysts, the molecular volume of aldehydes, and the polarity of solvents have significant eﬀects on the catalytic activities, in which, the smaller steric effects were conducive to the improvement of the yields and stereoselectivities for asymmetric aldol reaction, along with the increased polarity of used solvents and the decreased molecular volume of aldehydes. Meanwhile, the chemical identity of all compounds was confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, HRMS, and HPLC analysis.
Reduced fetal growth velocity precedes antepartum fetal death
Authors: Pacora P. , Romero R. , Jung E. , Gudicha D. W. , Hernandez‐Andrade E. , Musilova I. , Kacerovsky M. , Jaiman S. , Erez O. , Hsu C. D. , Tarca A. L. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine whether decreased fetal growth velocity precedes antepartum fetal death and to evaluate whether fetal growth velocity is a better predictor of antepartum fetal death compared to a single fetal biometric measurement at the last available ultrasound scan prior to diagnosis of demise.MethodsThis was a retrospective, longitudinal study of 4285 singleton pregnancies in African‐American women who underwent at least two fetal ultrasound examinations between 14 and 32 weeks of gestation and delivered a liveborn neonate (controls; n = 4262) or experienced antepartum fetal death (cases; n = 23). Fetal death was defined as death diagnosed at ≥ 20 weeks of gestation and confirmed by ultrasound examination. Exclusion criteria included congenital anomaly, birth at < 20 weeks of gestation, multiple gestation and intrapartum fetal death. The ultrasound examination performed at the time of fetal demise was not included in the analysis. Percentiles for estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual biometric parameters were determined according to the Hadlock and Perinatology Research Branch/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (PRB/NICHD) fetal growth standards. Fetal growth velocity was defined as the slope of the regression line of the measurement percentiles as a function of gestational age based on two or more measurements in each pregnancy.ResultsCases had significantly lower growth velocities of EFW (P < 0.001) and of fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length (all P < 0.05) compared to controls, according to the PRB/NICHD and Hadlock growth standards. Fetuses with EFW growth velocity < 10th percentile of the controls had a 9.4‐fold and an 11.2‐fold increased risk of antepartum death, based on the Hadlock and customized PRB/NICHD standards, respectively. At a 10% false‐positive rate, the sensitivity of EFW growth velocity for predicting antepartum fetal death was 56.5%, compared to 26.1% for a single EFW percentile evaluation at the last available ultrasound examination, according to the customized PRB/NICHD standard.ConclusionsGiven that 74% of antepartum fetal death cases were not diagnosed as small‐for‐gestational age (EFW < 10th percentile) at the last ultrasound examination when the fetuses were alive, alternative approaches are needed to improve detection of fetuses at risk of fetal death. Longitudinal sonographic evaluation to determine growth velocity doubles the sensitivity for prediction of antepartum fetal death compared to a single EFW measurement at the last available ultrasound examination, yet the performance is still suboptimal. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
State of the art in abdominal MRI structured reporting: a review
Authors: Stanzione Arnaldo , Boccadifuoco Francesca , Cuocolo Renato , Romeo Valeria , Mainenti Pier Paolo , Brunetti Arturo , Maurea Simone 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the management of several abdominal disorders, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to significantly improve patient’s outcome due to its diagnostic accuracy leading to more appropriate treatment choice. However, its clinical value heavily relies on the quality and quantity of diagnostic information that radiologists manage to convey through their reports. To solve issues such as ambiguity and lack of comprehensiveness that can occur with conventional narrative reports, the adoption of structured reporting has been proposed. Using a checklist and standardized lexicon, structured reports are designed to increase clarity while assuring that all key imaging findings related to a specific disorder are included. Unfortunately, structured reports have their limitations too, such as risk of undue report simplification and poor template plasticity. Their adoption is also far from widespread, and probably the ideal balance between radiologist autonomy and report consistency of has yet to be found. In this article, we aimed to provide an overview of structured reporting proposals for abdominal MRI and of works assessing its value in comparison to conventional free-text reporting. While for several abdominal disorders there are structured templates that have been endorsed by scientific societies and their adoption might be beneficial, stronger evidence confirming their imperativeness and added value in terms of clinical practice is needed, especially regarding the improvement of patient outcome.
Eigenschaftsanalyse zur Entwicklung additiv gefertigter Prototypen – Das House of Properties
Authors: Schork Stefan , Güttinger Kai , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Zeiten dynamischer Märkte und internationalen Wettbewerbs erlangt die Verkürzung von Produktentwicklungszyklen immer größere Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig werden auch die Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung von Prototypen zur Unterstützung der Produktentwicklung immer zahlreicher und diverser. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Ermittlung von Anforderungen an funktionelle Prototypen. Mithilfe dieser Prototypen sollen verlässliche Verifikationen der Einhaltung von Anforderungen an verschiedene Produktfunktionen ermöglicht werden. Als Beispiel werden dazu Produkte herangezogen, die im Spritzgussverfahren aus verschiedenen Kunststoffen hergestellt werden. Die konventionelle Verifikation dieser Produkte ist durch die Fertigung und den Einsatz von Prototypenwerkzeugen sehr zeitaufwändig und kostenintensiv. Der Einsatz additiver Fertigungsverfahren bietet die Möglichkeit, diese Faktoren zu senken. Hierbei muss jedoch sichergestellt sein, dass die Ergebnisse der Tests mit additiv gefertigten Prototypen auch auf das spritzgegossene Produkt übertragbar sind. Durch die Änderung des Fertigungsverfahrens und des verwendeten Materials treten Änderungen gewisser Eigenschaften des Prototyps im Vergleich zum finalen Produkt auf. Diese Abweichungen können sich wiederum negativ auf die Aussagefähigkeit der Ergebnisse der Verifikation mittels Prototypen auswirken, wenn die Eigenschaften essentiellen Einfluss auf die zu verifizierenden Funktionen haben. Daher wurde eine Methode – das House of Properties – entwickelt, mit der zum einen der Bedarf an Prototypen ermittelt werden kann und zum anderen die Eigenschaften des in der Entwicklung befindlichen Bauteils dahingehend untersucht werden können, welche Eigenschaften besonders kritisch auf bestimmte Funktionen wirken. Durch diese Analyse können Anforderungen an additiv gefertigte Prototypen identifiziert werden, die als Basis zur Auswahl des Fertigungsverfahrens und des Materials dienen. Die entwickelte Methode wird im Rahmen dieses Artikels anhand eines Industriebeispiels evaluiert und weiter erläutert.
Weekly Self-Ratings of Treatment Involvement and Their Relation to Symptom Reduction in Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
Authors: Kraepelien Martin , Blom Kerstin , Jernelöv Susanna , Kaldo Viktor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Treatment involvement, including involvement with written material as well as homework assignments, has previously been associated with better outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy, but there is a lack of knowledge on which specific aspects of involvement that are the most promising for use as predictors of treatment effects.

Methods
The objective of this study was to use a battery of weekly self-rated questions regarding different aspects of participant involvement during 8 weeks of either guided internet cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (ICBT-i, n = 73), or an active internet-delivered control treatment also including homework (ICBT-ctrl, n = 75), to predict reductions in insomnia severity after treatment. The markers of involvement were single questions on amount of time spent on treatment, amount of text read, amount of subjective knowledge gained and index scores of homework quantity (based on ratings of how many times specific techniques were used) and homework quality (based on ratings of the understanding, used as intended, and helpfulness of each specific technique).

Results
While none of the markers predicted reductions in insomnia severity for participants in the ICBT-ctrl group, text read, subjective knowledge gain, and homework quality predicted larger reductions in insomnia severity for participants in ICBT-i. Amount of subjective knowledge gained was a particularly useful marker in the ICBT-i group, since weekly ratings from the first half of treatment sufficed to explain a rather large proportion of variance in insomnia severity post treatment (14%).

Conclusions
The results strengthen subjective knowledge gain as a candidate for use as a predictor of treatment effects in ICBT-i.
Disagreement lost
Authors: Abreu Zavaleta Martín 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a puzzle about non-merely-verbal disputes. At first sight, it would seem that a dispute over the truth of an utterance is not merely verbal only if there is a proposition that the parties to the dispute take the utterance under dispute to express, which one of the parties accepts and the other rejects. Yet, as I argue, it is extremely rare for ordinary disputes over an utterance’s truth to satisfy this condition, in which case non-merely verbal disputes are extremely rare. After examining various responses to the puzzle, I outline a solution using the framework of truthmaker semantics.
Voraussetzungen und Qualitätskriterien von Mixed-Methods-Studien in der mathematikdidaktischen Forschung
Authors: Buchholtz Nils 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Verbreitung von Mixed-Methods-Studien in der Mathematikdidaktik wirft die Frage nach disziplinspezifischen Voraussetzungen und Qualitätskriterien auf. Derartige Studien sollten daher nicht nur pragmatisch oder durch die Auswahl von spezifischen Forschungsdesigns begründet werden, sondern auch den gegenstandsspezifischen Mehrwert einer Integration von Ergebnissen herausstellen, die durch unterschiedliche (mathematikdidaktische) Forschungsmethoden gewonnen wurden. Im Beitrag werden deshalb methodologische und wissenschaftsphilosophische Voraussetzungen zu Mixed-Methods-Studien ontologischen und epistemologischen Annahmen zu mathematikdidaktischen Forschungsgegenständen und Methoden gegenübergestellt. Eine theoretische Verankerung von Mixed-Methods-Studien im Critical Realism ermöglicht, die Kombination unterschiedlicher Forschungsparadigmen auch ontologisch zu begründen. Die aus den disziplinspezifischen Anknüpfungspunkten entwickelte Perspektive für Qualitätskriterien und ein methodologisches Framework kann zu einer reflektierten Praxis von Mixed-Methods in der Mathematikdidaktik beitragen
Segmentation of Lath-Like Structures via Localized Identification of Directionality in a Complex-Phase Steel
Authors: Müller Martin , Stanke Gerd , Sonntag Ulrich , Britz Dominik , Mücklich Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a segmentation approach based on analyzing local orientations and directions in an image, in order to distinguish lath-like from granular structures, is presented. It is based on common image processing operations. A window of appropriate size slides over the image, and the gradient direction and its magnitude inside this window are determined for each pixel. The histogram of all possible directions yields the main direction and its directionality. These two parameters enable the extraction of window positions which represent lath-like structures, and procedures to join these positions are developed. The usability of this approach is demonstrated by distinguishing lath-like bainite from granular bainite in so-called complex-phase steels, a segmentation task for which automated procedures are not yet reported. The segmentation results are in accordance with the regions recognized by human experts. The approach’s main advantages are its use on small sets of images, the easy access to the segmentation process and therefore a targeted adjustment of parameters to achieve the best possible segmentation result. Thus, it is distinct from segmentation using deep learning which is becoming more and more popular and is a promising solution for complex segmentation tasks, but requires large image sets for training and is difficult to interpret.
Mechanical Response of Ni-Based CU5MCuC Alloy to Different Stabilization Thermal Treatments
Authors: Gruttadauria Andrea , Barella Silvia , Fiocchi Claudia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Ni–Fe–Cr system is the basis of a series of commercial alloys featuring chemical–physical characteristics that allow them to be used in a variety of fields where excellent resistance to aggressive environments is required. In this scenario, the CU5MCuC alloy, the foundry counterpart of Alloy 825, is proving successful in the petrochemical field thanks to its good corrosion resistance in acidic and highly oxidizing environments. Intergranular corrosion resistance, critical for this material, is ensured by the stabilization treatment that allows precipitation of Nb carbides. Strengthening of this alloy takes place only via a solid solution. Therefore, its mechanical properties depend on the solution annealing treatment: often this treatment alone does not make it possible to reach the UTS imposed by the ASTM-A494 standard. In this work, the possibility of using stabilization treatment to increase mechanical strength as well was considered. Treatments, with different combinations of time and temperature, were carried out in order to modify the material’s microstructure. After the thermal treatments, microstructural analyses, mechanical tests and (pitting and intergranular) corrosion and resistance tests were carried out to identify optimal treatment parameters in order to promote the evolution of microstructural constituents capable of improving mechanical strength without decreasing corrosion resistance. The treatment that achieves the best compromise between mechanical properties and corrosion resistance is stabilization at 970 °C for 4 h.
AMH – Ovarreserve nach onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Rebhan Daniela 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungOnkologische Erkrankungen im Kindesalter und jungen Erwachsenenalter haben nicht selten eine gute Prognose. Entsprechend wird für Betroffene früher oder später die Frage relevant, inwieweit nach einer onkologischen Behandlung die Fertilität beeinträchtigt ist. Nicht nur der Zeitraum der Fertilität, sondern auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines vorzeitigen Ovarialversagens mit allen Risiken eines längerfristigen Östrogenmangels ist für die Lebensplanung der Frauen wichtig. Mittlerweile können vor Behandlung fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen angeboten werden. Sie bieten manchmal die einzige Chance, auf ovarielle Reserven nach Behandlung zurückgreifen zu können, sind aber nicht immer nötig und von späterem Nutzen. Das Anti-Müller-Hormon (AMH) hat sich als validester Marker für die Beurteilung der ovariellen Reserve herausgestellt. Mithilfe dessen sind Prognosen über die Ovarreserve vor und nach der onkologischen Therapie möglich. Dies erleichtert die Entscheidung für die Indikation für fertilitätserhaltende Maßnahmen und kann wegweisend in der Lebensplanung der Frauen und Familien sein.
Voter Responses to Fiscal Austerity
Authors: Hübscher Evelyne , Sattler Thomas , Wagner Markus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGovernments have great difficulties designing politically sustainable responses to rising public debt. These difficulties are grounded in a limited understanding of the popular constraints during periods of fiscal pressure. For instance, an influential view claims that fiscal austerity does not entail significant political risk. But this research potentially underestimates the impact of austerity on votes because of strategic selection bias. This study addresses this challenge by conducting survey experiments in Spain, Portugal, Italy, the UK and Germany. In contrast to previous findings, the results show that a government's re-election chances greatly decrease if it proposes austerity measures. Voters object particularly strongly to spending cuts and, to a lesser extent, to tax increases. While voters also disapprove of fiscal deficits, they weight the costs of austerity policies more than their potential benefits for the fiscal balance. These findings are inconsistent with the policy recommendations of international financial institutions.
There are no universal ternary quadratic forms over biquadratic fields
Authors: Krásenský Jakub , Tinková Magdaléna , Zemková Kristýna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study totally positive definite quadratic forms over the ring of integers$\mathcal {O}_K$of a totally real biquadratic field$K=\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt {m}, \sqrt {s})$. We restrict our attention to classic forms (i.e. those with all non-diagonal coefficients in$2\mathcal {O}_K$) and prove that no such forms in three variables are universal (i.e. represent all totally positive elements of$\mathcal {O}_K$). Moreover, we show the same result for totally real number fields containing at least one non-square totally positive unit and satisfying some other mild conditions. These results provide further evidence towards Kitaoka's conjecture that there are only finitely many number fields over which such forms exist. One of our main tools are additively indecomposable elements of$\mathcal {O}_K$; we prove several new results about their properties.
Conversations with Michael J. Prichard: the Fun of Legal History and the Triumph of Research Over Administration
Authors: Dingle Lesley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMichael Prichard was born before the Second World War and lived through the bombing and destruction of much of London. When he entered university in 1945, King's College London had reoccupied its old quarters in the badly-damaged Somerset House, and along with LSE and UCL had pooled teaching resources to overcome staff shortages and accommodation damage. This inadvertently gave Michael a rich pool of mentors upon which to found his career, and who served him well in later years. He entered Queens’ College Cambridge in 1948 and experienced the unique post-war phenomena of the “returning warriors”, which continued, along with the “weekenders”, when he became a fellow at Gonville & Caius in 1950. Here he has remained, and is still a Fellow, seventy years later. His legacy is a fund of memories of a life-long journey through changing landscapes of legal research, teaching, and college and faculty administration. Lesley Dingle first interviewed Michael for the Eminent Scholars Archive in 2012, where his biography and general academic reminiscences are set forth. She now revisits aspects of these, following a conversation she had with David Yale for ESA in November 2019. David was Michael's career-long colleague, and his interview shone new light on their decades of joint endeavour unravelling the development of maritime law in the British Isles. Shortly after David's reminder of the magnitude of their project, an encounter with Professor David Ibbetson, and most recently a meeting with Michael, now in his 93rd year, spurred the author on to summarise particular aspects of Michael's varied research projects. In the process, she will emphasise the overall sense of adventure, and enjoyment - in short “fun”, with which he explored the history and jurisdictional intricacies of the Admiralty Court (jointly with David Yale), presented his enlightened insights into the evolution of aspects of tort law, and explained his research of the few esoteric conundrums in which a retiree was able to indulge.
Collection Development of Legal Information Resources in the Supreme Court of India
Authors: Muzzammil Mohd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper by Dr. Mohd Muzzammil concerns the legal information resources at the Supreme Court of India Judges’ Library (SCJL). The article is based on a survey conducted by the researcher as part of his PhD work. He describes the Court and the library collections that support the work of the SCJL, and notes that print legal information resources are used more than electronic resources. The study also realised that a significant percentage of the library budget is expended on subscriptions for journals.