bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating potential effects of solar power facilities on wildlife from an animal behavior perspective
Authors: Chock Rachel Y. , Clucas Barbara , Peterson Elizabeth K. , Blackwell Bradley F. , Blumstein Daniel T. , Church Kathleen , Fernández‐Juricic Esteban , Francescoli Gabriel , Greggor Alison L. , Kemp Paul , Pinho Gabriela M. , Sanzenbacher Peter M. , Schulte Bruce A. , Toni Pauline 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolar power is a renewable energy source with great potential to help meet increasing global energy demands and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. However, research is scarce on how solar facilities affect wildlife. With input from professionals in ecology, conservation, and energy, we conducted a research‐prioritization process and identified key questions needed to better understand impacts of solar facilities on wildlife. We focused on animal behavior, which can be used to identify population responses before mortality or other fitness consequences are documented. Behavioral studies can also offer approaches to understand the mechanisms leading to negative interactions (e.g., collision, singeing, avoidance) and provide insight into mitigating effects. Here, we review how behavioral responses to solar facilities, including perception, movement, habitat use, and interspecific interactions are priority research areas. Addressing these themes will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of solar power on wildlife and guide future mitigation.
Determinants of LA reservoir strain: Independent effects of LA volume and LV global longitudinal strain
Authors: Gan Gary C.H. , Bhat Aditya , Chen Henry H.L. , Fernandez Fernando , Byth Karen , Eshoo Suzanne , Thomas Liza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial (LA) deformation during the reservoir phase (LASr) has demonstrated strong prognostic value in different clinical settings. Although determinants of left atrial reservoir strain including left atrial relaxation, left atrial compliance, and left ventricular longitudinal systolic function are fairly well defined, there is incomplete information regarding the effect of left atrial volume on this relationship which is the focus of our study.MethodConsecutive patients without prior cardiac disease referred for transthoracic echocardiography were prospectively recruited. All participants underwent clinical assessment, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and screening exercise stress test. Only patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or myocardial ischemia on stress testing were included.ResultsA total of 260 patients (57% male, mean age 59 ± 14 years) were included. 70% had hypertension, 33% had diabetes mellitus, and 31% had both HTN and DM. On multivariate analysis, age, e’, LAVI, and LV GLS (P < .01 for all) showed an independent association with LASr. Of interest, at lower tertiles of LAVI, a linear decrease in LASr was observed parallel to worsening LV GLS, whilst at higher tertiles of LAVI, the reduction in LASr was non‐linear implying that LA enlargement, consequent to LA remodeling, had an incremental effect on LASr.ConclusionAge, e’, LV GLS, and LAVI were independently associated with LASr. LA remodeling reflected by larger LAVI had an incremental negative association with LASr independent of LV GLS.
Light participates in the auxin‐dependent regulation of plant growth
Authors: Lv Bingsheng , Zhu Jiayong , Kong Xiangpei , Ding Zhaojun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLight is the energy source for plant photosynthesis and influences plant growth and development. Through multiple photoreceptors, plant interprets light signals through various downstream phytohormones such as auxin. Recently, Chen et al. (2020) uncover a new layer of regulation in IPyA pathway of auxin biosynthesis by light. Here we highlight recent studies about how light controls plant growth through regulating auxin biosynthesis and signaling.
Factors Affecting Implant Stability Quotients at Immediately and Conventionally Loaded Implants in the Posterior Maxilla: A Split‐Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Daher Fadi I. , Abi‐Aad Habib L. , Dimassi Hani I. , Baba Nadim Z. , Majzoub Zeina AK. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess primary and secondary stability of variable‐thread tapered implants in the posterior maxilla and analyze the impact of various factors on implant stability quotients (ISQs).Materials and methodsTwenty‐six subjects received 3‐4 adjacent implants in the maxillary premolar‐molar sextants to replace bilateral tooth loss. The implants on one side were immediately loaded with a provisional fixed prosthesis regardless of their primary stability. The contralateral control implants were conventionally loaded. Bone quality was subjectively recorded and primary stability was assessed by means of insertion torque values (ITVs) and ISQs in 4 directions. Secondary stability was measured by ISQ at definitive prosthesis delivery (3‐3.5 months postoperatively), and 12 months after definitive loading. The impact of measurement direction, loading protocol, time, site‐related (bone quality, implant position, crestal buccal bone thickness, apical cortical anchorage), and implant‐related (implant dimensions, abutment height) variables on ISQs was assessed.ResultsFor logistic reasons, ISQs were obtained for only 18 patients with 60 test and 60 control implants. Most of the implants (82%) at baseline had their lowest ISQ on the buccal aspect. There were no significant differences between ISQs measured in the buccal and palatal directions, or between ISQs in the mesial and distal directions. The mean of buccal and palatal ISQs was significantly lower than the mean of the 2 interproximal measurements at all evaluation periods. ISQs were not significantly different between the 2 loading groups at any time point. All implants showed a time‐dependent increase in ISQs. Baseline ISQ correlated weakly with bone quality and ITV. None of the variables had a significant impact on baseline ISQs, except for implants in second molar sites which showed poorer primary stability than first premolars.ConclusionMeasurement direction and time are the most significant parameters affecting ISQs of variable‐thread tapered implants in the posterior maxilla.
Fabrication of a Mandibular Advancement Device Using a Fully Digital Workflow: A Clinical Report
Authors: Piskin Bulent , Uyar Alper , Yuceer Mine , Topal Sila Caglayan , Senturk Rahsan Atasoy , Sutcu Serdar , Karakoc Omer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder among adults with a potential to be life‐threatening. Continuous positive airway pressure is the gold‐standard for the treatment of OSA, but patient compliance may be reduced due to various reasons. Mild to moderate cases of OSA can be treated reliably and successfully using oral appliances, and the mandibular advancement device (MAD) is the most frequently used appliance. The aim of this clinical report is to present a fully digital workflow for fabrication of a custom non‐adjustable MAD using computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing and additive manufacturing for the treatment of a patient with moderate OSA.
Oil price uncertainty and macroeconomic variables in Turkey
Authors: Öge Güney Pelin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study analyses the influence of uncertainty in oil prices on real economic activity, inflation and money supply in Turkey for the period 1986:1–2019:07. The uncertainty variable is measured by the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model. To investigate the relationship between the uncertainty in oil prices and our variables, we used the non‐linear cointegrating autoregressive distributed lag (NARL) model, considering the fact that this relationship may not be linear. Thus, we were able to analyse the short‐ and long‐term non‐linear relationship between the variables. Our findings indicate that the impact of oil price uncertainty on real economic activity is asymmetric: that is, real economic activity responds more to decreases in oil price uncertainty than to long‐term increases. Similarly, we confirm the existence of both long‐ and short‐term asymmetric behaviour of inflation, and our findings show that positive shocks in oil price uncertainty are more intensively transmitted to inflation than negative ones. Moreover, we provide evidence that a decline in oil price uncertainty is related to higher money supply in the short term. These findings present useful implications for designing appropriate policies to achieve the goals related to Turkey’s economic activity and inflation level.
Meta‐analysis comparing outcomes of catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmia in ischemic versus nonischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Basu‐Ray Indranill , Khanra Dibbendhu , Shah Sumit K. , Mukherjee Anindya , Char Sudhanva V. , Jain Bhavna , Bunch T. Jared , Gold Michael , Adeboye Adedayo A. , Saeed Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation is an effective treatment for ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). However, results in non‐ICM (NICM) patients are not satisfactory, and studies comparing differences between NICM and ICM are limited. We conducted a meta‐analysis of procedural characteristics and long‐term outcomes of catheter ablation for VA, comparing results between ICM and NICM.MethodsStudies in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed. Four studies reporting comparison of catheter ablation of VA between ICM and NICM were examined. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to appraise study quality. A random‐effects model with inverse variance method was used for comparisons.ResultsEpicardial approach was significantly more undertaken for the NICM group than in the ICM group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09‐0.18; P < .00001). Mean ablation time (P = .54), fluoroscopy time (P = .55), and procedural time (P = .18) did not differ significantly between the ICM and NICM groups. Procedural failure rates (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24‐0.89; P = .02) and VA recurrence rates (risk ratio [RR]: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.46‐1.01; P = .06) were significantly higher in the NICM group than in the ICM group. However, all‐cause mortality (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.75‐2.49; P = .31) did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsProcedural failure and VA recurrence rates were significantly higher in the NICM group, despite significantly more frequent epicardial access. These highlight the limitations of catheter ablation for VA in NICM, given our current knowledge.
Leaf photosynthetic and anatomical insights into mechanisms of acclimation in rice in response to long‐term fluctuating light
Authors: Wei Ze , Duan Fengying , Sun Xuezhen , Song Xianliang , Zhou Wenbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLong‐term fluctuating light (FL) conditions are very common in natural environments. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimation to FL differ between species. However, most of the current conclusions regarding acclimation to FL were made based on studies in algae or Arabidopsis thaliana. It is still unclear how rice (Oryza sativa L.) integrate multiple physiological changes to acclimate to long‐term FL. In this study, we found that rice growth was repressed under long‐term FL. By systematically measuring phenotypes and physiological parameters, we revealed that: (a) under short‐term FL, photosystem I (PSI) was inhibited, while after 1–7 days of long‐term FL, both PSI and PSII were inhibited. Higher acceptor‐side limitation in electron transport and higher overall nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) explained the lower efficiencies of PSI and PSII, respectively. (b) An increase in pH differences across the thylakoid membrane and a decrease in thylakoid proton conductivity revealed a reduction of ATP synthase activity. (c) Using electron microscopy, we showed a decrease in membrane stacking and stomatal opening after 7 days of FL treatment. Taken together, our results show that electron flow, ATP synthase activity and NPQ regulation are the major processes determining the growth performance of rice under long‐term FL conditions.
Moderate drought stress stabilizes the primary quinone acceptor QA and the secondary quinone acceptor QB in photosystem II
Authors: Leverne Lucas , Krieger‐Liszkay Anja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrought induces stomata closure and lowers the CO2 concentration in the mesophyll, limiting CO2 assimilation and favoring photorespiration. The photosynthetic apparatus is protected under drought conditions by a number of downregulation mechanisms like photosynthetic control and activation of cyclic electron transport leading to the generation of a high proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. Here, we studied photosynthetic electron transport by chlorophyll fluorescence, thermoluminescence (TL), and P700 absorption measurements in spinach exposed to moderate drought stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction and decay kinetics were slowed down. Under drought conditions, an increase of the TL AG‐band and a downshift of the maximum temperatures of both, the B‐band and the AG‐band, were observed when leaves were illuminated under conditions that maintained the proton gradient. When leaves were frozen prior to the TL measurements, the maximum temperature of the B‐band was upshifted in drought‐stressed leaves. This shows a stabilization of the QB/QB•− redox couple in accordance with the slower fluorescence decay kinetics. We propose that during drought stress, photorespiration exerts a feedback control on photosystem II via the binding of a photorespiratory metabolite at the non‐heme iron at the acceptor side of photosystem II. According to our hypothesis, an exchange of bicarbonate at the non‐heme iron by a photorespiratory metabolite such as glycolate would not only affect the midpoint potential of the QA/QA•− couple, as shown previously, but also that of the QB/QB•− couple.
Functional requirement of the Arabidopsis importin‐α nuclear transport receptor family in autoimmunity mediated by the NLR protein SNC1
Authors: Lüdke Daniel , Roth Charlotte , Kamrad Sieglinde A. , Messerschmidt Jana , Hartken Denise , Appel Jonas , Hörnich Bojan F. , Yan Qiqi , Kusch Stefan , Klenke Melanie , Gunkel Annette , Wirthmueller Lennart , Wiermer Marcel 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYIMPORTIN‐α3/MOS6 (MODIFIER OF SNC1, 6) is one of nine importin‐α isoforms in Arabidopsis that recruit nuclear localization signal‐containing cargo proteins to the nuclear import machinery. IMP‐α3/MOS6 is required genetically for full autoimmunity of the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat immune receptor mutant snc1 (suppressor of npr1‐1, constitutive 1) and MOS6 also contributes to basal disease resistance. Here, we investigated the contribution of the other importin‐α genes to both types of immune responses, and we analyzed potential interactions of all importin‐α isoforms with SNC1. By using reverse‐genetic analyses in Arabidopsis and protein−protein interaction assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, we provide evidence that among the nine α‐importins in Arabidopsis, IMP‐α3/MOS6 is the main nuclear transport receptor of SNC1, and that IMP‐α3/MOS6 is required selectively for autoimmunity of snc1 and basal resistance to mildly virulent Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis.
Consistencia interna y dimensionalidad del cuestionario breve para detectar intimidación escolar
Authors: Ceballos Ospino Guillermo Augusto , Campo-Arias Adalberto , Rodríguez-De Ávila Ubaldo 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo. Corroborar el desempeño psicométrico, la consistencia interna y la dimensionalidad del Cuestionario Breve de Detección de Intimidación Escolar (CBDIE). Método. Se diseñó un estudio de validación en el que participaron 350 estudiantes, entre los 10 y los 17 años (M = 13.3; DE = 1.8), 53.7% de género femenino. Se calcularon indicadores de consistencia interna (Kuder-Richardson, K-R, y omega de McDonald) para las tres subescalas del CBDIE. Resultados. La subescala de intimidación percibida mostró K-R de 0.55 y omega de McDonald de 0.58; la subescala de síntomas emocionales, 0.80 y 0.81; y la subescala de intimidación perpetrada, 0.41 y 0.33. No fue posible demostrar la dimensionalidad del instrumento. Conclusión. Solo la subescala de síntomas emocionales de CBDIE presenta alta consistencia interna. Se necesitan más investigaciones de la dimensionalidad del CBDIE, para dar cuenta de su estructura interna.
A bullous rash
Authors: Migliarino Vanessa , Di Mascio Alberto , Berti Irene , Taddio Andrea , Barbi Egidio 
Published: November 2020

A 3-year-old boy presented with a 5-day history of bullous skin lesions localised mainly in the upper and lower limbs and in the genital region (figure 1). Lesions were not pruritic nor painful and showed a central crust. There was no family history of skin disorders or autoimmune diseases. The child never had fever and his physical examination was otherwise unremarkable.Figure 1Bullous skin lesions forming around a central crust, localised in the upper and lower limbs.QuestionsWhat is the most likely diagnosis based on this clinical presentation?Bullous impetigo.Bullous pemphigoid.Linear IgA bullous dermatosis.Dermatitis herpetiformis.What would be the next step in the investigation to confirm your diagnosis?Skin biopsy.Swab test for bacterial culture with an antibiogram.Anti-transglutaminase antibody detection.What is the mainstay of management?Dapsone.Systemic steroids.Topical steroids.All of the above answers are correct, according to the severity of the disease.Answers can be found on page 02.
What do patients with glaucoma see: a novel iPad app to improve glaucoma patient awareness of visual field loss
Authors: Gagrani Meghal , Ndulue Jideofor , Anderson David , Kedar Sachin , Gulati Vikas , Shepherd John , High Robin , Smith Lynette , Fowler Zachary , Khazanchi Deepak , Nawrot Mark , Ghate Deepta 
Published: November 2020

PurposeGlaucoma patients with peripheral vision loss have in the past subjectively described their field loss as ‘blurred’ or ‘no vision compromise’. We developed an iPad app for patients to self-characterise perception within areas of glaucomatous visual field loss.MethodsTwelve glaucoma patients with visual acuity ≥20/40 in each eye, stable and reliable Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) over 2 years were enrolled. An iPad app (held at 33 cm) allowed subjects to modify ‘blur’ or ‘dimness’ to match their perception of a 2×2 m wall-mounted poster at 1 m distance. Subjects fixated at the centre of the poster (spanning 45° of field from centre). The output was degree of blur/dim: normal, mild and severe noted on the iPad image at the 54 retinal loci tested by the HVF 24-2 and was compared to threshold sensitivity values at these loci. Monocular (Right eye (OD), left eye (OS)) HVF responses were used to calculate an integrated binocular (OU) visual field index (VFI). All three data sets were analysed separately.Results36 HVF and iPad responses from 12 subjects (mean age 71±8.2y) were analysed. The mean VFI was 77% OD, 76% OS, 83% OU. The most common iPad response reported was normal followed by blur. No subject reported dim response. The mean HVF sensitivity threshold was significantly associated with the iPad response at the corresponding retinal loci (For OD, OS and OU, respectively (dB): normal: 23, 25, 27; mild blur: 18, 16, 22; severe blur: 9, 9, 11). On receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the HVF retinal sensitivity cut-off at which subjects reported blur was 23.4 OD, 23 OS and 23.3 OU (dB).ConclusionsGlaucoma subjects self-pictorialised their field defects as blur; never dim or black. Our innovation allows translation of HVF data to quantitatively characterise visual perception in patients with glaucomatous field defects.
Randomised study evaluating the pharmacodynamics of emixustat hydrochloride in subjects with macular atrophy secondary to Stargardt disease
Authors: Kubota Ryo , Birch David G , Gregory Jeff K , Koester John M 
Published: November 2020

Background/AimsStargardt disease is a rare, inherited, degenerative disease of the retina that is the most common type of hereditary macular dystrophy. Currently, no approved treatments for the disease exist. The purpose of this study was to characterise the pharmacodynamics of emixustat, an orally available small molecule that targets the retinal pigment epithelium–specific 65 kDa protein (RPE65), in subjects with macular atrophy secondary to Stargardt disease.MethodsIn this multicentre study conducted at six study sites in the USA, 23 subjects with macular atrophy secondary to Stargardt disease were randomised to one of three doses of daily emixustat (2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg) and treated for 1 month. The primary outcome was the suppression of the rod b-wave recovery rate on electroretinography after photobleaching, which is an indirect measure of RPE65 inhibition.ResultsSubjects who received 10 mg emixustat showed near-complete suppression of the rod b-wave amplitude recovery rate postphotobleaching (mean=91.86%, median=96.69%), whereas those who received 5 mg showed moderate suppression (mean=52.2%, median=68.0%). No effect was observed for subjects who received 2.5 mg emixustat (mean=−3.31%, median=−12.23%). The adverse event profile was consistent with prior studies in other patient populations and consisted primarily of ocular adverse events likely related to RPE65 inhibition.ConclusionThis study demonstrated dose-dependent suppression of rod b-wave amplitude recovery postphotobleaching, confirming emixustat’s biological activity in patients with Stargardt disease. These findings informed dose selection for a 24-month phase 3 trial (SeaSTAR Study) that is now comparing emixustat to placebo in the treatment of Stargardt disease-associated macular atrophy.
Quantifying dermal microcirculatory changes of neuropathic and neuroischemic diabetic foot ulcers using spatial frequency domain imaging: a shade of things to come?
Authors: Murphy Grant A , Singh-Moon Rajinder P , Mazhar Amaan , Cuccia David J , Rowe Vincent L , Armstrong David G 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe use of non-invasive vascular and perfusion diagnostics are an important part of assessing lower extremity ulceration and amputation risk in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods for detecting impaired microvascular vasodilatory function in patients with diabetes may have the potential to identify sites at risk of ulceration prior to clinically identifiable signs. Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) uses patterned near-infrared and visible light spectroscopy to determine tissue oxygen saturation and hemoglobin distribution within the superficial and deep dermis, showing distinct microcirculatory and oxygenation changes that occur prior to neuropathic and neuroischemic ulceration.Research designs and methods35 patients with diabetes mellitus and a history of diabetic foot ulceration were recruited for monthly imaging with SFDI. Two patients who ulcerated during the year-long longitudinal study were selected for presentation of their clinical course alongside the dermal microcirculation biomarkers from SFDI.ResultsPatient 1 developed a neuropathic ulcer portended by a focal increase in tissue oxygen saturation and decrease in superficial papillary hemoglobin concentration 3 months prior. Patient 2 developed bilateral neuroischemic ulcers showing decreased tissue oxygen saturation and increased superficial papillary and deep dermal reticular hemoglobin concentrations.ConclusionsWounds of different etiology show unique dermal microcirculatory changes prior to gross ulceration. Before predictive models can be developed from SFDI, biomarker data must be correlated with the clinical course of patients who ulcerate while being followed longitudinally.Trial registration numberNCT03341559.