bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manual-Based Group Intervention for Siblings and Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Cambodia
Authors: Fjermestad K. , Pat P. , Dearozet S. , Vatne T. , Hafting M. , Jegannathan B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSiblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) are at increased risk of mental health problems. The burden on families of children with ND is exacerbated in low-income countries with limited health services and dependency on informal care systems. Yet, there is little research on family impacts of ND in non-Western settings, and no evidence-based interventions for siblings. We examined initial outcomes and feasibility of a manual-based intervention for siblings and parents of children with ND, called SIBS, delivered in Cambodia. SIBS has promising evidence from an open trial in Norway. We delivered eight groups for 52 siblings (M age = 12.7 years, SD = 2.7; 44.0% female) and 56 caregivers (M age = 43.5 years, SD = 8.5; 61.1% mothers) of 54 children with ND at the only public child mental health clinic in Cambodia. We aimed to improve sibling and parent mental health and family communication. The SIBS intervention comprises three separate sibling/parent group sessions and two joint sibling-parent dialogue sessions. Parent-reported mental health scores for siblings were higher than sibling self-report. Parent mental health problems at baseline were high, with no difference between mothers and fathers. There was significant improvement in parent mental health and parent-rated mental health for siblings from baseline to 4-month post-intervention (effect sizes d = 0.44 to 0.52). There was no change in sibling-reported mental health or family communication. Sibling- and parent-rated user satisfaction was high. We conclude that the SIBS intervention showed promise in Cambodia. However, revision of the communication component is needed.
New companies’ DNA: the heritage of the past industrial revolutions in digital transformation
Authors: Martinelli Elisa Martina , Farioli Maria Cristina , Tunisini Annalisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper debates the ongoing processes of digital transformation enhanced by the 4th industrial revolution in successful companies which have a long time business history and an international presence. The aim is analyzing how what they have experienced and learned in the 2nd and 3rd industrial revolutions represents key elements that have shaped their DNA and continue to inspire their transformation to the point that the gradual radical change concept is preferred to the concept of disruption. Such learning processes are primary values to transfer in companies’ digital transformation in order to implement it efficiently and effectively creating new opportunities at an international level. The paper leverages on an explorative research based on the empirical setting of three international Italian manufacturing companies that have experienced challenges of the 2nd, 3rd and are now facing an important digital transformation process in a worldwide landscape. A qualitative constructive multiple case research design is conducted to evaluate the conceptual model and some considerations emerged from the analysis. The paper also benefits from 30 years of experience of one of the Authors as Business Development Director of big multinational companies accompanying many enterprises during their digital transformation. This study presents an interpretative framework that provides an exploration of main heritages coming from the past industrial revolutions according to three aspects: business drivers, supply view and entrepreneurial model. The emerged evidences can be taken as lessons by international manufacturing companies in order to implement digital transformation enhancing their international competitiveness.
Descriptive Complexity, Computational Tractability, and the Logical and Cognitive Foundations of Mathematics
Authors: Pantsar Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn computational complexity theory, decision problems are divided into complexity classes based on the amount of computational resources it takes for algorithms to solve them. In theoretical computer science, it is commonly accepted that only functions for solving problems in the complexity class P, solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, are considered to be tractable. In cognitive science and philosophy, this tractability result has been used to argue that only functions in P can feasibly work as computational models of human cognitive capacities. One interesting area of computational complexity theory is descriptive complexity, which connects the expressive strength of systems of logic with the computational complexity classes. In descriptive complexity theory, it is established that only first-order (classical) systems are connected to P, or one of its subclasses. Consequently, second-order systems of logic are considered to be computationally intractable, and may therefore seem to be unfit to model human cognitive capacities. This would be problematic when we think of the role of logic as the foundations of mathematics. In order to express many important mathematical concepts and systematically prove theorems involving them, we need to have a system of logic stronger than classical first-order logic. But if such a system is considered to be intractable, it means that the logical foundation of mathematics can be prohibitively complex for human cognition. In this paper I will argue, however, that this problem is the result of an unjustified direct use of computational complexity classes in cognitive modelling. Placing my account in the recent literature on the topic, I argue that the problem can be solved by considering computational complexity for humanly relevant problem solving algorithms and input sizes.
Beans and Melons: Rousseau’s Vegetable Garden
Authors: Brillaud Jérôme 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on a rarely studied aspect of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s oeuvre: his interest in gardening and more precisely vegetable gardening. Close attention to the text reveals that gardening is part of larger philosophical questions related to private property, luxury, space, education and theatre. Some of Rousseau’s most productive ideas are supported by references to gardening particularly the cultivation of ‘miserable’ beans and ‘prized’ melons. The two plants which were commonly grown in eighteenth-century gardens are at the centre of a philosophical parable inEmile. Beans and melons and their symbolical values fertilise larger questions Rousseau engaged with throughout his life. Although he favoured botany over horticulture, he used kitchen gardens as sites of philosophical experiments.
The direct method of Lyapunov for nonlinear dynamical systems with fractional damping
Authors: Hinze Matthias , Schmidt André , Leine Remco I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a generalization of Lyapunov’s direct method for dynamical systems with fractional damping. Hereto, we embed such systems within the fundamental theory of functional differential equations with infinite delay and use the associated stability concept and known theorems regarding Lyapunov functionals including a generalized invariance principle. The formulation of Lyapunov functionals in the case of fractional damping is derived from a mechanical interpretation of the fractional derivative in infinite state representation. The method is applied on a single degree-of-freedom oscillator first, and the developed Lyapunov functionals are subsequently generalized for the finite-dimensional case. This opens the way to a stability analysis of nonlinear (controlled) systems with fractional damping. An important result of the paper is the solution of a tracking control problem with fractional and nonlinear damping. For this problem, the classical concepts of convergence and incremental stability are generalized to systems with fractional-order derivatives of state variables. The application of the related method is illustrated on a fractionally damped two degree-of-freedom oscillator with regularized Coulomb friction and non-collocated control.
Biliary adverse events in acromegaly during somatostatin receptor ligands: predictors of onset and response to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment
Authors: Prencipe N. , Bona C. , Cuboni D. , Parasiliti-Caprino M. , Berton A. M. , Fenoglio L. M. , Gasco V. , Ghigo E. , Grottoli S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Somatostatin receptor ligands (SRL) are the first-line medical treatment for acromegaly. Gallbladder alterations are one of most important SRL side effect, but according to some authors growth hormone hypersecretion itself is a risk factor for gallstones. This single center, longitudinal retrospective study evaluated the incidence and the predictors of biliary adverse events (BAE) in acromegaly during SRL therapy and their response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).

Methods
91 acromegaly patients with indication to SRL were enrolled. Evaluations of acromegaly activity (GH, IGF-I, IGF-I/ULN) and metabolic profile were collected before starting treatment, yearly during follow-up and at BAE onset. In patients developing BAE we searched for predictors of UDCA effectiveness.

Results
61.5% of patients developed BAE (58.9% cholelithiasis; 41.1% only sludge). IGF-I and IGF-I/ULN proved to be positive predictor of BAE, which occur about 5 years after SRL starting. None of metabolic markers proved to be associated with BAE. Only five patients (5.5%) underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. 71% of patients started UDCA treatment, achieving regression of BAE in 60% of cases (88% in patients developing only sludge and 30% in patients affected by cholelithiasis, p < 0.001). BMI and obesity were negative predictors of UDCA efficacy. In 50% of the subjects BAE resolved after 36 months of therapy with a lower rate if cholelithiasis was present.

Conclusion
Biliary stone disease is a frequent SRL adverse event, although it is often symptomless. Ultrasound follow-up mainly in the first 5 years of therapy, early UDCA starting and proper lifestyle represent a valid strategy in their detection and management.
Explanation by status as empty-base explanation
Authors: Kappes Yannic 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the practice ofexplanation by status, in which a truth with a certain status (i.e. necessary status, essential status, or status as a law) is supposed to be explained by its having that status. It first investigates whether such explanations are possible. Having found existing accounts of the practice wanting, it then argues for a novel account of explanation by status asempty-base explanation. The latter notion captures a certain limiting case of ordinary explanation so that according to the empty-base account, explanation by status can be fruitfully understood as a corresponding limiting case of ordinary explanation. One way in which the empty-base account is argued to be superior to other treatments of explanation by status is that it allows for a principled assessment of the possibility of particular kinds of explanation by status. Thus, one result of the present discussion is that explanation by essential status and status as a law are possible, while explanation by merely necessary status is not.
Mathematizing as a virtuous practice: different narratives and their consequences for mathematics education and society
Authors: Kant Deborah , Sarikaya Deniz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are different narratives on mathematics as part of our world, some of which are more appropriate than others. Such narratives might be of the form ‘Mathematics is useful’, ‘Mathematics is beautiful’, or ‘Mathematicians aim at theorem-credit’. These narratives play a crucial role in mathematics education and in society as they are influencing people’s willingness to engage with the subject or the way they interpret mathematical results in relation to real-world questions; the latter yielding important normative considerations. Our strategy is to frame current narratives of mathematics from a virtue-theoretic perspective. We identify the practice ofmathematizing, put forward by Freudenthal’s ‘Realistic mathematics education’, as virtuous and use it to evaluate different narratives. We show that this can help to render the narratives more adequately, and to provide implications for societal organization.
Tribological Analysis of Contacts Between Glass and Tungsten Carbide Near the Glass Transition Temperature
Authors: Chizhik Petr , Friedrichs Marcel , Dietzel Dirk , Schirmeisen André 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the tribological contact between hard solids and glass at high temperatures has been identified as a crucial aspect in emerging technical applications like e.g., precision glass molding. To optimize such tribological systems, especially, the internal transformations of the glasses need to be considered, since these can determine which kind of energy dissipation channels become relevant, when the temperature of a glass is increasing and approaching the glass transition temperature. Here, we now introduce a new tribometer specifically developed for the analysis of glasses at elevated temperatures. Using this tribometer, we characterize friction of contacts between tungsten carbide (WC) and soda lime glass as a function of temperature, while additionally PMMA was analyzed for comparison. Our experiments reveal different tribological regimes where either simple sliding, surface fracturing, or surface deformation can be identified as relevant interface processes for the tribological behavior.

Graphical Abstract
Mechanisms and capacity of high-pressure soaking after hydraulic fracturing in tight/shale oil reservoirs
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Hui-Qing , Qian Gen-Bao , Peng Yong-Can 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuff-n-puff by water has been conducted to enhance oil recovery after hydraulic fracturing in tight/shale oil reservoirs. However, the mechanisms and capacity are still unclear, which significantly limits the application of this technique. In order to figure out the mechanisms, the whole process of pressurizing, high-pressure soaking, and depressurizing was firstly discussed, and a mechanistic model was established. Subsequently, the simulation model was verified and employed to investigate the significances of high-pressure soaking, the contributions of different mechanisms, and the sensitivity analysis in different scenarios. The results show that high-pressure soaking plays an essential role in oil production by both imbibition and elasticity after hydraulic fracturing. The contribution of imbibition increases as the increase in bottom hole pressure (BHP), interfacial tension, and specific surface area, but slightly decreases as the oil viscosity increases. In addition, it first decreases and then slightly increases with the increase in matrix permeability. The optimal soaking time is linear with the increases of both oil viscosity and BHP and logarithmically declines with the increase in matrix permeability and specific surface area. Moreover, it shows a rising tendency as the interficial tension (IFT) increases. Overall, a general model was achieved to calculate the optimal soaking time.
FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR AN INFINITE TOEPLITZ MATRIX
Authors: ABRAMOV VYACHESLAV M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor an infinite Toeplitz matrix T with nonnegative real entries we find the conditions under which the equation
$\boldsymbol {x}=T\boldsymbol {x}$
, where
$\boldsymbol {x}$
is an infinite vector column, has a nontrivial bounded positive solution. The problem studied in this paper is associated with the asymptotic behaviour of convolution-type recurrence relations and can be applied to problems arising in the theory of stochastic processes and other areas.
Old age as a new class or an outdated social category? Objective and symbolic representations of later life
Authors: Gilleard Chris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAge has become an increasingly contested form of division within contemporary society, with some writers suggesting age has become ‘the new class’ while others point to increasing ‘ageism’ in society. In exploring such competing claims, this paper examines the basis for considering age as a social class, category or group. Drawing upon Bourdieu's writings on classification and the criteria for what constitutes a social class or category and the ‘objective’ and ‘symbolic’ criteria defining it, the paper argues that the material criteria for distinguishing between ‘retired’ and ‘working-age’ households have almost disappeared. At the same time, the symbolic representation of age is no longer confined to the parameters of poverty. Shorn of its objective distinction, the symbolic representation of old age seems to have bifurcated, between a generational identity where older people are represented as an advantaged group and an aged identity still essentialised as old and weak. The dissolution of an objective material basis for framing age has taken away much of the underlying basis for a coherent symbolic categorisation of age. Later life might better be seen as a contested symbolic space, framed by the dual axes of socio-historical generation and corporeal, chronological agedness.
Global Englishes and language teaching: A review of pedagogical research
Authors: Rose Heath , McKinley Jim , Galloway Nicola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe rise of English as a global language has led scholars to call for a paradigm shift in the field of English language teaching (ELT) to match the new sociolinguistic landscape of the twenty-first century. In recent years a considerable amount of classroom-based research and language teacher education (LTE) research has emerged to investigate these proposals in practice. This paper outlines key proposals for change in language teaching from the related fields of World Englishes (WE), English as a lingua franca (ELF), English as an international language (EIL), and Global Englishes, and critically reviews the growing body of pedagogical research conducted within these domains. Adopting the methodology of a systematic review, 58 empirical articles published between 2010 and 2020 were shortlisted, of which 38 were given an in-depth critical review and contextualized within a wider body of literature. Synthesis of classroom research suggests a current lack of longitudinal designs, an underuse of direct measures to explore the effects of classroom interventions, and under-representation of contexts outside of university language classrooms. Synthesis of teacher education research suggests future studies need to adopt more robust methodological designs which measure the effects of Global Englishes content on teacher beliefs and pedagogical practices both before and throughout the programme, and after teachers return to the classroom.
Prescribing French: A corpus-linguistic approach to official terminology in French newspapers
Authors: Zsombok Gyula 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTIn France, English is often perceived as a negative influence on the language in the eyes of purist institutions like the French Academy. Terminological commissions have been established to replace foreign expressions with French terminology that is regularly published in the Journal officiel de la République française. Although the Toubon Law of 1994 prescribes the use of this terminology in government publications, speakers are merely encouraged to do so. This article investigates the variation between English lexical borrowings and their prescribed equivalents in a large newspaper corpus containing articles from 2000 to 2017 in order to see whether formal written language complies with the purist recommendations. Time is treated with a new dynamic approach: the probability of using a prescribed term is estimated three years before and three years after official prescription. Fifty-four target terms are selected from the lexical fields of computer science, entertainment industry and telecommunication, including emblematic prescribed words such as courriel and mot-dièse. The analysis reveals that prescription is only effective when it follows already attested use. Furthermore, conservative newspapers show higher proportions of recommended terminology, especially as compared to newspapers specializing in technology.
Dosimetric characteristics of VMAT plans with respect to a different increment of gantry angle size for Ca cervix
Authors: Natraj Munirathinam , Pawaskar P. N. , Chairmadurai Arun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAim:We have investigated the influence in volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans by a sequence of increment of gantry angle (IGA) in definitive radiotherapy treatment for cervical cancer. The plans are quantitatively analysed in terms of conformity index (CI), heterogeneity index (HI), dose–gradient index (DGI), target coverage (TC) by prescription dose, monitor unit (MU) usage, control points (CPs) and dose to organs.Materials and Methods:In this retrospective study, we selected 27 patients with cervical cancer having aged between 54 and 69. All the patients enrolled in this study were at T3N1M0 stage of cervical cancer. The prescription dose to planning target volume (PTV) was 50 Gy and was administered in 2 Gy/fraction through VMAT technique. VMAT plans were optimised by varying the parameter ‘IGA’ as 10, 20, 30 and 40°.Results:Homogenous dose distribution within PTV and TC by prescription dose was significantly enhanced (p < 0·05) with larger IGA. The difference between volume receiving 15 Gy (V15Gy) in bowel was up to 10% with larger IGA (30 and 40°) and V25Gy in femoral head was up to 3% with smaller IGA (10 and 20°). CPs were enhanced and MU usage was reduced with larger IGA (30 and 40°). IGA 40° had reduced the MU usage than IGA 30° but the CI and DGI were compromised due to large MLC field segments.Conclusion:This study recommends that the larger IGA could yield better results when the number of sectors is even, for a cervical cancer patient. However, more data from more patients need to be obtained and analysed to make this an evidence-based hypothesis.
MEANINGS AND IMPACTS OF CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS IN THE U.S. SOUTH
Authors: Britt Lucy , Wager Emily , Steelman Tyler 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow do citizens interpret contentious symbols that pervade their community? And what downstream effects does state protection of these symbols have on how citizens of different backgrounds feel they belong in their community? We approach these questions through the lens of race and Confederate monuments in the American South. We rely on two original surveys to illustrate 1) the symbolic meanings Americans attach to these monuments and 2) how state protection of them impacts residents’ feelings of belonging. We find that perceptions of Confederate monuments vary by race: White U.S. residents are drastically less likely to perceive them as symbolic of racial injustice than are Black U.S. residents. Further, state protection of Confederate monuments leads to a diminished sense of belonging among Blacks, while leaving Whites unaffected. This research moves beyond scholarship examining simple support for or opposition toward contentious symbols, developing a deeper understanding of what meaning those symbols can hold for individuals and what their impacts are on individuals’ feelings of belonging and engagement in their communities.