bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
True EU citizenship as a precursor to genuine criminal justice in Europe: an analysis of EU citizenship as it relates to a sustainable area of freedom, security and justice
Authors: Wade Marianne L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper traces developments - both legal and political in nature - relating to EU citizenship and compares the status quo to what individuals might expect from citizenship particularly within the context of criminal proceedings. Drawing upon debates in political science, it highlights the divergence between EU citizenship and what would normally be associated with any idea of citizenship. Exploring the parameters of European criminal justice and its revolutionary direction of travel, this essay highlights how strongly exposed EU citizens are to enhanced coercive state power within criminal proceedings because of this status. Consequently it advances an argument that reasonable expectations of citizenship are set up to be disappointed in the current context. This is particularly true as the CJEU scales back the protections associated with EU citizenship in the face of political pressure. It argues that the loss of legitimacy the EU may suffer as a result affects not only its relationship to citizens. As the European institutions take action against democratically elected governments viewed as in breach of fundamental EU values, its potential as a policy-laundering governance level in the criminal justice arena is identified as an enormous legitimacy problem. Analysing developments relevant to citizenship from a criminal justice perspective, this paper demonstrates that reform is urgently required. Leaving EU citizenship in its current form - shaped by Executive powers - is argued to expose the EU to legitimacy arguments it cannot win, as well as individual citizens to injustice in criminal proceedings.
Effect of a Place-Based Learning Community on Belonging, Persistence, and Equity Gaps for First-Year STEM Students
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Sprowles Amy E. , Goldenberg Katlin R. , Margell Steven T. , Castellino Lisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe combined tenets of learning communities and place-based learning to develop an innovative first-year program for STEM students. Using a quasi-experimental design, we found that participants in the place-based learning community had a stronger sense of belonging, improved academic performance, and increased first-year persistence relative to a matched reference group. We also showed that participation narrowed equity gaps in first-year outcomes for students underrepresented in the sciences. A sense of place arises not just from a location, but from interrelationships between people and the natural world, and these results suggest organizing learning around place can promote inclusive student success.
Digital Platforms of Work and the Crafting of Career Path: The Crowdworkers’ Perspective
Authors: Idowu Ayomikun , Elbanna Amany 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWork and Employment is a critical area that is undergoing major change influenced by the widespread connectivity and utilisation of the Internet and the rise of digital platforms. Crowdwork is an emerging new way of working that is witnessing exponential growth. It is surrounded by a fixed debate between opposite perspectives on its impact on workers. However, both perspectives adopt a static view that does not pay much attention to crowdworkers’ progress in their job over time. In this study, we seek to advance this debate by adopting a dynamic view of crowdwork to explore the trajectory of workers over time based on their own accounts. Through rich qualitative data and inductive analysis, the study unravels that crowdworkers craft what could be conceptualised as a career development path. It identifies five stages in this career path and workers’ efforts to mould their work demands and job-related resources to create a future for themselves. The discussion shows the fruitful insight that this approach brings to theory and practice. Limitations and future avenues for research are then discussed.
Italian Validation of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES IV) Short Version for Adolescents: SAD_FACES
Authors: Everri Marina , Caricati Luca , Mancini Tiziana , Messena Mattia , Fruggeri Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study validated the Italian short version of FACES-IV (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale) for adolescents, namely SAD_FACES. The scale assessed adolescents’ perceptions of their families’ adaptive and maladaptive functioning along the six dimensions of cohesion, flexibility, disengagement, enmeshment, rigidity and chaos as defined by the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems. SAD_FACES was administrated to a sample of secondary school students (Age = 14–16 years; N = 446). The Family Communication Scale (FCS), measuring positive communication skills used in the family system, was also administered to assess external validity. ESEM was performed and evaluation of model fit was based on values of the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The scores that were computed as the sum of the intended items and latent traits were both considered for each dimension. Results showed that SAD_FACES (24 items) has the same structure and internal consistency of the Italian version of FACES IV validated with adolescent samples. Implications for the validity and usage of a short scale for the assessment of adolescents’ perception of family functioning and their wellbeing are discussed. Future research should validate SAD_FACES with different age cohorts of adolescents and belonging to different cultural contexts as well as consider clinical samples of adolescents. The agility of SAD_FACES could facilitate investigations with clinical samples of adolescents. Future research is needed in this area.
Deconstructing Gender Differences in Experienced Well-Being Among Older Adults in the Developing World: The Roles of Time Use and Activity-Specific Affective Experiences
Authors: Flores Gabriela , Kieny Clémence , Maurer Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to declining fertility rates and increasing longevity, the world is growing older. Improving the quality of life of older adults, and not merely preventing deaths, is thus becoming an important objective of public policies. It is, therefore, urgent to understand the key dimensions of older adults’ subjective well-being as well as their main drivers. Women represent a large proportion of the older population, and existing evidence suggests that they may be particularly vulnerable, especially in the developing world. Analyzing potential gender differences in experienced well-being in older adults is hence crucial. We exploit information on time use and activity-specific emotional experiences from the abbreviated version of the day reconstruction method contained in the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE), focusing on five developing countries. We first quantify gender differences in experienced well-being among older adults, which we then deconstruct into corresponding differences in time use and activity-specific net affects. Adjusting for age only, our results indicate a gender gap in experienced well-being in favor of men. Yet, adjusting for additional individual characteristics and life circumstances beyond age weakens this association. Illustrative counterfactual analyses further suggest that gender differences in activity-specific net affects appear more important than differences in time use for explaining the disadvantage of older women. Our results suggest that women’s lower affect in most activities is linked to the conditions under which these activities are performed, and in particular to the higher level of disability of older women compared to men of the same age.
X-ray-free ultrasound-guided versus fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a comparative study with historical control
Authors: Birowo Ponco , Raharja Putu Angga Risky , Putra Harun Wijanarko Kusuma , Rustandi Reginald , Atmoko Widi , Rasyid Nur 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the outcomes and complications of supine X-ray-free ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (XG-PCNL) with fluoroscopy-guided (FG)-PCNL in both prone and supine positions.

Methods
This was a comparative study that included a prospective cohort and historical control groups. This study analysed 40 consecutive patients who undergone supine XG-PCNL between October 2019 and March 2020. The control groups were composed of historical control formed from the last 40 consecutive patients who underwent FG-PCNL in both supine and prone positions from our PCNL database from January 2018 and September 2019. Patients’ demographics, stone characteristics and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared.

Results
A total of 120 patients were classified into the supine XG-PCNL, supine FG-PCNL, and prone FG-PCNL groups (each N = 40). They had similar baseline characteristics and initial stone burden. The supine XG-PCNL group had higher puncture attempts, nephrostomy tube placement, and longer surgery duration than both the supine and prone FG-PCNL groups. However, the stone-free rate was similar in all groups (85%, supine XG-PCNL; 72.5%, supine FG-PCNL; 77.5% prone FG-PCNL; p = 0.39). No significant difference was found in the complication rate and length of stay among the three groups.

Conclusion
Supine XG-PCNL is an alternative to both supine and prone FG-PCNL with similar efficacy and complication rates for kidney stone patients. This could be a good alternative to urological centres with no access to fluoroscopy.
Occupations and Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives and Mechanisms
Authors: Haupt Andreas , Ebner Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeople’s occupations are strongly related to multiple dimensions of inequality, such as inequalities in wages, health, autonomy, or risk of temporary employment. The theories and mechanisms linking occupations to these inequalities are subject to debate. We review the recent evidence on the relationship between occupations and inequality and discuss the following four overarching theoretical perspectives: occupations and skills, occupations and tasks, occupations and institutions, and occupations and culture. We show that each perspective has strong implications for how scholars conceptualize occupations and which occupational characteristics are seen as relevant when explaining inequalities. Building on this, we review and critically examine the relevant theories related to and the mechanisms of the relationship between occupation and wage inequality, as an example. We conclude that there is sound empirical knowledge available on the relationships between occupations and inequality; however, some of the mechanisms are still unclear.
Mathematical optimization approach for facility layout on several rows
Authors: Anjos Miguel F. , Vieira Manuel V. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe facility layout problem is concerned with finding an arrangement of non-overlapping indivisible departments within a facility so as to minimize the total expected flow cost. In this paper we consider the special case of multi-row layout in which all the departments are to be placed in three or more rows, and our focus is on, for the first time, solutions for large instances. We first propose a new mixed integer linear programming formulation that uses continuous variables to represent the departments’ location in both x and y coordinates, where x represents the position of a department within a row and y represents the row assigned to the department. We prove that this formulation always achieves an optimal solution with integer values of y, but it is limited to solving instances with up to 13 departments. This limitation motivates the application of a two-stage optimization algorithm that combines two mathematical optimization models by taking the output of the first-stage model as the input of the second-stage model. This algorithm is, to the best of our knowledge, the first one in the literature reporting solutions for instances with up to 100 departments.
Gender in early childhood movement education—a necessary dimension!
Authors: Gramespacher Elke , Voss Anja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the connections between movement education, early childhood and gender. We argue that these connections should be investigated in future studies and, for example, be linked to current gender theoretical discourses. This is not only in order to productively introduce the findings for gender studies in sports science and movement education. Rather, the aim could also be to find out how the gender perspective can be productively introduced in the context of diversity-conscious movement education with and for children.
Religion oder Aberglaube?
Authors: Heidenreich Hauke 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDen Diagnosen des Religionswissenschaftlers Klaus Hock folgend untersucht dieser Beitrag Positionen zur Genese des Animismus im 19. Jahrhundert. Zentral ist dabei die von Edward B. Tylor vorgebrachte Behauptung, dass alle bekannten Menschen Religionen hätten, deren Ursprung im sog. Animismus liege, den Tylor als Glauben an geistige Wesen definiert. Animismus wird aber vor allem deswegen von Tylor eingeführt, um eine Frontlinie gegen den zeitgenössischen Spiritismus zu installieren, der eine extreme Variante des allgemeinen Glaubens an geistige Wesen darstelle.Dieses Konzept wurde in der deutschen Forschung von Adolf Bastian und Ernst Haeckel rezipiert. Beide übernahmen Tylors Frontstellung gegen den Spiritismus, definierten den Animismus nun aber als von Primitiven herkommenden Aberglauben, der sich in der modernen Zivilisation nur noch als Spiritismus erhalten habe. Während Tylor die Ursprünge der Religion gefunden zu haben behauptete, vertraten Haeckel und Bastian die Sicht, dass der Animismus besonders den Ursprung des Aberglaubens bezeichne.Auffällig ist hierbei, dass beide Autoren zur Beschreibung des modernen Aberglaubens negativ auf Kants Morallehre rekurrieren. Diese erscheint in diesem Kontext als Voraussetzung des Spiritismus (Haeckel) oder als aus einer okkulten Tradition stammend (Bastian).Entgegen der Annahme, dass Animismus eine neutrale Beschreibung außereuropäischer Religion sei, sollen die Entstehung des Begriffs in einem europäischen Wissenschaftsdiskurs beschrieben und die Frontstellungen analysiert werden, die die Genese des Animismus begleiteten.
Using graph databases to detect financial fraud
Authors: Henderson Richard 
Published: July 2020

Online fraud will cost businesses more than $200bn between 2020 and 2024, according to Juniper Research. 1 This stunning amount is driven by the increased sophistication of fraud attempts and the rising number of attack vectors. And, while banks are fighting back harder than ever, fraudsters have adjusted their techniques to remain below the radar. Online fraud will cost businesses more than $200bn between 2020 and 2024. This stunning amount is driven by the increased sophistication of fraud attempts and the rising number of attack vectors. Banks, however, have a new weapon in the war against fraud – graph analytics. These techniques can be used for fighting financial fraud by analysing the links between people, phones and bank accounts to reveal indicators of fraudulent behaviour, helping banks pinpoint suspicious activity in a sea of data, as Richard Henderson of TigerGraph explains.
Edmund Burke and the First Stuart Revolution
Authors: Connell Philip 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay reconsiders the character and significance of Edmund Burke's attitude to the seventeenth-century civil wars and interregnum. Burke may have venerated the “revolution principles” of 1688–89 over those of the 1640s, not least in theReflections on the Revolution in Francein which he notoriously compares English dissenting radicals to regicidal Puritans. Yet his response to the first Stuart revolution is more complex than has commonly been allowed and is closely bound up with Burke's earlier parliamentary career as a prominent member of the Rockingham Whig connection. The revival of an anti-Stuart idiom within the extra-parliamentary opposition of the 1760s, together with the mounting conflict with the North American colonies, gave renewed prominence to the memory of the civil wars within English political discourse. The Rockinghamites attempted to exploit this development—without compromising their own, more conservative reading of seventeenth-century history—but they were also its victims. In the years that followed, Burke and his colleagues were repeatedly identified by their political opponents with the spirit of Puritan rebellion and Cromwellian usurpation. These circumstances provide a new perspective on Burke's interpretation of the nation's revolutionary past; they also offer important insights into his writings and speeches in response to the French Revolution.
Republican Relicts: Gender, Memory, and Mourning in Irish Nationalist Culture, ca. 1798–1848
Authors: Kennedy Catriona 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the past two decades, remembrance has emerged as one of the dominant preoccupations in Irish historical scholarship. There has, however, been little sustained analysis of the relationship between gender and memory in Irish studies, and gender remains under-theorized in memory studies more broadly. Yet one of the striking aspects of nineteenth-century commemorations of the 1798 and 1803 rebellions is the relatively prominent role accorded to women and, in particular, Sarah Curran, Pamela Fitzgerald, and Matilda Tone, the widows of three of the most celebrated United Irish “martyrs.” By analyzing the mnemonic functions these female figures performed in nineteenth-century Irish nationalist discourse, this article offers a case study of the circumstances in which women may be incorporated into, rather than excluded, from national memory cultures. This incorporation, it is argued, had much to do with the fraught political context in which the 1798 rebellion and its leaders were memorialized. As the remembrance of the rebellion in the first half of the nineteenth century assumed a covert character, conventionally gendered distinctions between private grief and public remembrance, intimate histories and heroic reputations, and family genealogy and public biography became blurred so as to foreground women and the female mourner.
Differences in educational attainment between obese and non-obese Kuwaiti female university students
Authors: Al Hammadi Hanouf H. , Alaslawi Hamad A. , Hewitt Allan , Reilly John J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Individuals with obesity tend to perform less well than their non-obese peers in tertiary education, but there is little evidence from non-Western countries and recent studies. The present study aimed to test whether academic attainment differed between female undergraduates with obesity (defined by body mass index (BMI)), and those who were non-obese in Kuwait, a country with very high obesity prevalence. In 400 female Kuwaiti first- and second-year Social Science students (mean age 18⋅0, sd 0⋅6 years), educational attainment was defined as the Grade Point Average (GPA) across all subjects (from 1⋅00 to 4⋅00). The mean GPA (2⋅51, sd 0⋅53) among students defined as obese by the BMI (n 163) was significantly lower than among the students defined as non-obese by the BMI (n 237; 2⋅80, sd 0⋅63; P < 0⋅001), and those defined as obese were more likely to be in the lowest quartile for the GPA (OR 3⋅03; 95% CI 1⋅90, 4⋅85), independent of socio-economic status. Similar differences were observed between students defined as having high versus normal body fatness. Female undergraduates in Kuwait with obesity have lower academic attainment than their non-obese peers, and universities should consider measures to mitigate reduced attainment among their female undergraduates.
Stress assignment in reading aloud in Spanish
Authors: Gutiérrez-Palma Nicolás , Suárez-Coalla Paz , Cuetos Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCorrect stress assignment is a requirement for fluent reading in alphabetic languages. This study focuses on two nonlexical mechanisms at the core of stress assignment. In particular, the use of a default stress pattern (e.g., penultimate stress) and the Spanish stress mark. In Experiment 1, participants read aloud words and pseudowords with different stress types (on the antepenultimate or the penultimate syllable), and with or without a stress mark. Results showed longer reaction times (RTs) for words and pseudowords with antepenultimate stress. However, as words with antepenultimate stress always have a stress mark, it could be argued that stress type differences could be due to the presence of the stress mark. In Experiment 2, using a priming procedure participants read aloud words and pseudowords in pure versus mixed stress blocks. Again, words and pseudowords with antepenultimate stress were read slower (longer RTs), suggesting that previous differences were due to stress mark rather than stress type. These results indicate that processing stress marks is cognitively demanding when reading in Spanish.
Sectarian Triangles: Salafis, the Shi‘a, and the Politics of Religious Affiliations in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Thurston Alexander 
Published: July 2020

Abstract“Sectarianization”—the political instrumentalization of sectarian identities—is a profitable strategy for many state and non-state actors. This paper presents a theory of sectarianization, as well as an accompanying typology. The paper does not seek to explain the causes of sectarian conflict; rather, the paper examines how third parties respond to exogenous instances of such conflict. The paper argues that third parties face incentives to cultivate strategic ambiguity about their own stances, especially amid significant religious and political competition. In such competitive environments, third parties appear to take stances based on the interaction among three factors: first, a short-term cost-benefit analysis of whether to take sides and if so, how far to align with either of the main two sectarian actors; second, pre-existing relationships between the third party and the two main sectarian actors; and third, a desire to maintain long-term credibility with the broadest audience possible.
Dianhydrogalactitol synergizes with topoisomerase poisons to overcome DNA repair activity in tumor cells
Authors: Zhai Beibei , Li Yue , Kotapalli Sudha Sravanti , Bacha Jeffrey , Brown Dennis , Steinø Anne , Daugaard Mads 
Published: July 2020

Abstract1,2:5,6-Dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) is a bi-functional DNA-targeting agent currently in phase II clinical trial for treatment of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma (GBM). In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic activity of DAG alone or in combination with common chemotherapy agents in GBM and prostate cancer (PCa) cells, and determined the impact of DNA repair pathways on DAG-induced cytotoxicity. We found that DAG produced replication-dependent DNA lesions decorated with RPA32, RAD51, and γH2AX foci. DAG-induced cytotoxicity was unaffected by MLH1, MSH2, and DNA-PK expression, but was enhanced by knockdown of BRCA1. Acting in S phase, DAG displayed selective synergy with topoisomerase I (camptothecin and irinotecan) and topoisomerase II (etoposide) poisons in GBM, PCa, and lung cancer cells with no synergy observed for docetaxel. Importantly, DAG combined with irinotecan treatment enhanced tumor responses and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. This work provides mechanistic insight into DAG cytotoxicity in GBM and PCa cells and offers a rational for exploring combination regimens with topoisomerase I/II poisons in future clinical trials.