bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract-Induced Modules for Reductive Algebraic Groups With Frobenius Maps
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Dong Junbin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Let ${\textbf{G}}$ be a connected reductive algebraic group defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ of $q$ elements and $\textbf{B}$ be a Borel subgroup of ${\textbf{G}}$ defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$. Let $\mathbb{k}$ be a field and we assume that $\mathbb{k}=\bar{\mathbb{F}}_q $ when $\textrm{char}\ \mathbb{k}=\textrm{char} \ \mathbb{F}_q$. We show that the abstract-induced module $\mathbb{M}(\theta )=\mathbb{k}{\textbf{G}}\otimes _{\mathbb{k}\textbf{B}}\theta $ (here $\mathbb{k}\textbf{H}$ is the group algebra of $\textbf{H}$ over the field $\mathbb{k}$ and $\theta $ is a character of $\textbf{B}$ over $\mathbb{k}$) has a composition series (of finite length) if $\textrm{char}\ \mathbb{k}\ne \textrm{char} \ \mathbb{F}_q$. In the case $\mathbb{k}=\bar{\mathbb{F}}_q$ and $\theta $ is a rational character, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a composition series (of finite length) of $\mathbb{M}(\theta )$. We determine all the composition factors whenever a composition series exists. Thus we obtain a large class of abstract infinite-dimensional irreducible $\mathbb{k}{\textbf{G}}$-modules.
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with MDR tuberculosis in Dar Es Salaam region, Tanzania
Authors: Myemba David T , Bwire George M , Sambayi Godfrey , Maganda Betty A , Njiro Belinda J , Ndumwa Harrieth P , Majani Frank , Kunambi Peter P , Matee Mecky I N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
In Tanzania more than 28% of all multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases occur in Dar es Salaam. However, information about management and clinical outcomes of patients with MDR-TB in the region is scarce, and hence the need for this study.

Methods
A 5-year retrospective cohort study was conducted in six centres in Dar es Salaam. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize social demographics and clinical characteristics. Associations between occurrence of adverse events, regimen change and cure were determined using the Chi-square test whereas factors associated with mortality were determined using the Log-ranking test and Cox regression model.

Results
Three-hundred patient files were found and reviewed. The majority were male 199 (66.3%), aged 25–44 years [176 (58.7%)] and 89 (30.1%) were HIV co-infected. 186 (62%) completed their treatment, 68 (22.0%) were on treatment and 9 (3.3%) were lost to follow-up. The majority, 152 (51.0%) were managed using long MDR-TB regimens. The overall mortality rate was 5.7 per 1000 MDR-TB patients. A higher mortality rate was associated with being ≥45 years [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 10.82, 95% CI: 1.14–102.74, P = 0.038), female (AHR: 5.92, 95% CI: 1.75–20.08, P = 0.004), on a short anti-TB regimen (AHR: 4.34, 95% CI: 1.41–13.35, P = 0.010), HIV co-infected [crude hazard ratio (CHR): 2.56, 95% CI: 1.01–6.50, P = 0.048), on concomitant long-term medication use (CHR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.17–7.64, P = 0.022) and having other co-morbidities (CHR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.32–9.02, P = 0.011).

Conclusions
MDR-TB mortality was associated with short anti-TB regimens, sex, age, concomitant long-term medication use and HIV coinfection. In this population, use of long and individualized regimens is recommended.
“Bow-tie” optimal pathway discovery analysis of sepsis hospital admissions using the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England
Authors: De Oliveira Hugo , Prodel Martin , Lamarsalle Ludovic , Inada-Kim Matt , Ajayi Kenny , Wilkins Julia , Sekelj Sara , Beecroft Sue , Snow Sally , Slater Ruth , Orlowski Andi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
The “Bow-tie” optimal pathway discovery analysis uses large clinical event datasets to map clinical pathways and to visualize risks (improvement opportunities) before, and outcomes after, a specific clinical event. This proof-of-concept study assesses the use of NHS Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in England as a potential clinical event dataset for this pathway discovery analysis approach.

Materials and Methods
A metaheuristic optimization algorithm was used to perform the “bow-tie” analysis on HES event log data for sepsis (ICD-10 A40/A41) in 2016. Analysis of hospital episodes across inpatient and outpatient departments was performed for the period 730 days before and 365 days after the index sepsis hospitalization event.

Results
HES data captured a sepsis event for 76 523 individuals (&gt;13 years), relating to 580 000 coded events (across 220 sepsis and non-sepsis event classes). The “bow-tie” analysis identified several diagnoses that most frequently preceded hospitalization for sepsis, in line with the expectation that sepsis most frequently occurs in vulnerable populations. A diagnosis of pneumonia (5 290 patients) and urinary tract infections (UTIs; 2 057 patients) most often preceded the sepsis event, with recurrent UTIs acting as a potential indicative risk factor for sepsis.

Discussion
This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that a “bow-tie” pathway discovery analysis of the HES database can be undertaken and provides clinical insights that, with further study, could help improve the identification and management of sepsis. The algorithm can now be more widely applied to HES data to undertake targeted clinical pathway analysis across multiple healthcare conditions.
Local trends in abundance of migratory bats across 20 years
Authors: Green Dana M , McGuire Liam P , Vanderwel Mark C , Willis Craig K R , Noakes Matthew J , Bohn Shelby J , Green Eric N , Brigham R Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) are species of conservation concern because of the documented annual mortality that occurs at wind energy facilities. Several recent studies have predicted continental-scale declines of hoary bat populations due to interactions with wind turbines. We predicted a decrease in captures at a summer site over 20 years where researchers have captured bats using generally consistent methods. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate the relative change in the expected number of captures while controlling for time of year, temperature, and netting effort. We found no decrease in the number of captures for either species. We suggest that the lack of decrease observed at our study site may be a result of compensatory immigration, despite potential broader-scale population declines.
Entropy subspace separation-based clustering for noise reduction (ENCORE) of scRNA-seq data
Authors: Song Jia , Liu Yao , Zhang Xuebing , Wu Qiuyue , Gao Juan , Wang Wei , Li Jin , Song Yanling , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing enables us to characterize the cellular heterogeneity in single cell resolution with the help of cell type identification algorithms. However, the noise inherent in single-cell RNA-sequencing data severely disturbs the accuracy of cell clustering, marker identification and visualization. We propose that clustering based on feature density profiles can distinguish informative features from noise. We named such strategy as ‘entropy subspace’ separation and designed a cell clustering algorithm called ENtropy subspace separation-based Clustering for nOise REduction (ENCORE) by integrating the ‘entropy subspace’ separation strategy with a consensus clustering method. We demonstrate that ENCORE performs superiorly on cell clustering and generates high-resolution visualization across 12 standard datasets. More importantly, ENCORE enables identification of group markers with biological significance from a hard-to-separate dataset. With the advantages of effective feature selection, improved clustering, accurate marker identification and high-resolution visualization, we present ENCORE to the community as an important tool for scRNA-seq data analysis to study cellular heterogeneity and discover group markers.
Population Genomics of Bacterial Plant Pathogens
Authors: Straub Christina , Colombi Elena , McCann Honour C. 
Published: November 2020

Population genomics is transforming our understanding of pathogen biology and evolution, and contributing to the prevention and management of disease in diverse crops. We provide an overview of key methods in bacterial population genomics and describe recent work focusing on three topics of critical importance to plant pathology: (i) resolving pathogen origins and transmission pathways during outbreak events, (ii) identifying the genetic basis of host specificity and virulence, and (iii) understanding how pathogens evolve in response to changing agricultural practices. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Early Occupational Intervention for People with Low Back Pain in Physically Demanding Jobs: 1-year Follow-up Results of the Randomized Controlled GOBACK Trial
Authors: Rosenberg Naomi Rebecca , Petersen Sesilje Bondo , Begtrup Luise Moelenberg , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Petersen Jonathan Aavang , Hansen Bjarke Brandt , Kirkeskov Lilli , Bliddal Henning , Christensen Robin , Kristensen Lars Erik , Fournier Gilles Ludger , Kryger Ann Isabel 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow up.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to assess whether people with low back pain (LBP) and self-reported physically demanding jobs, benefit from an occupational medicine intervention, in addition to a single hospital consultation and a magnetic resonance imaging, at 1 year of follow-up. Secondly, to examine whether the positive health effects, found in both groups at 6 months, persist at 1-year follow-up.

Summary of Background Data.
The prevalence of LBP is high in the working population, resulting in a substantial social and economic burden. Although there are many guidelines available on the management of LBP, including multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation, they provide limited guidance on the occupational medicine aspects.

Methods.
As reported previously, 305 participants with LBP and self-reported physically demanding jobs were enrolled in the randomized controlled study and randomly allocated to clinical care with additional occupational medicine intervention or clinical care alone. Data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Outcomes included in the present 1-year follow-up study are changes in neuropathic pain (painDETECT questionnaire), severity of pain (0–10 numerical rating scale), disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire), fear-avoidance beliefs (FABQ), physical, and mental quality of life (short-form 36).

Results.
The study showed no effect of an occupational intervention on neuropathic pain, fear-avoidance beliefs, physical and mental quality of life nor disability measured after 1 year. The positive effects found at 6 months in both groups, remained at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion.
The results suggest that a thorough clinical consultation, with focus on explaining the cause of pain and instructions to stay active, can promote long-lasting physical and mental health in individuals with LBP. Therefore, additional occupational interventions could focus on altering occupational obstacles on a structural level.

Level of Evidence: 2
Factor XI Deficiency in a Patient with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Serikyaku Hisashi , Higa Shoichiro , Yara Tetsuya , Miyata Yuji 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Case report.

Objective.
To summarize the clinical manifestations and treatment of Factor XI deficiency in a patient with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Summary of Background Data.
Factor XI deficiency is a rare genetic bleeding disorder caused by reduced levels and insufficient activity of a coagulation factor XI. It is claimed to be associated with prominent bleeding in case of trauma and surgery irrelevant to the FXI level. This is the first ever case of a patient with factor XI deficiency with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Methods.
A case was investigated retrospectively and the relevant literature was reviewed.

Results.
A 66-year-old man with a 2-months history of lack of finger dexterity and gait disturbance was referred to our department. He did not have a history of bleeding or coagulation disorder nor did his family. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine revealed spinal canal stenosis at C3/4 to C5/6 and intramedullary hyperintensity at C3/4 on the :T2 weighted image (T2WI). Preoperative examination revealed no abnormal findings but a severe prolonged activated partial-thromboplastin time (APTT) of 139.8 seconds. Coagulation factor activity assay revealed severe deficiency of factor XI (<0.1%). In accordance with hematologist's recommendation, four units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) were transfused on the day before surgery and APTT assayed early morning on the day of surgery was 70.5 seconds. An additional four units of FFP were transfused during the surgery and APTT was 60 seconds. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the postoperative day 14.

Conclusion.
Factor XI deficiency patients may develop excessive bleeding after trauma or surgery. Preoperative examination with prolonged APTT should be pursued until a diagnosis of is made. Under diagnosis of Factor XI deficiency, meticulous attentions are required for perioperative bleeding management including postoperative hematoma in spinal surgery.

Level of Evidence: 5
Validation of the Nepali versions of the Neck Disability Index and the Numerical Rating Scale for Neck Pain
Authors: Shrestha Dipak , Shrestha Rohit , Grotle Margreth , Nygaard Øystein P. , Solberg Tore K. 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study with a test–retest design.

Objective.
To translate and culturally adapt the numerical rating scale (NRS) for neck pain intensity and the Neck Disability Index (NDI), and asses their measurement properties in a Nepalese neck pain population.

Summary of Background Data.
Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in Nepal. Research on neck pain disorders has been hampered by lack of standardized patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in Nepali language. Therefore, we aimed at validating a Nepali version of the NDI and NRS neck pain.

Methods.
At Dhulikhel hospital in Nepal, 150 patients with neck pain and/or cervical radiculopathy completed the translated self-administered questionnaires. We had made one cultural adaption of the NDI driving item in the final Nepali version. Relative reliability was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2.1) and absolute reliability with the smallest detectable change (SDC). Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach alpha. Construct and discriminative validity was assessed by Spearman correlation for a priori hypotheses, receiver-operating characteristics curves, and analysis of variance. Time spent and assistance needed to complete the questionnaires were used to assess feasibility.

Results.
Test–restest reliability was excellent with ICC (95% confidence intervals) of 0.87 (0.66, 0.94) for NDI and 0.97 (0.94, 0.99) for NRS neck pain. The absolute reliability was acceptable (a SDC of 1.6 for NRS and 9.3 for NDI) and a Cronbach alpha (internal consistency) of 0.70 for NDI, as well as acceptable construct validity, discriminative validity, and feasibility.

Conclusion.
The Nepali versions of the NRS neck pain and NDI can be recommended for assessing pain and disability among patients with neck pain and cervical radiculopathy, but their responsiveness to change remains to be tested.

Level of Evidence: 2
The Impact of Obesity on Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Elective Posterior Lumbar Spine Fusion
Authors: Jain Deeptee , Durand Wesley , Shaw Jeremy D. , Burch Shane , Deviren Vedat , Berven Sigurd 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective case–control study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of obesity on risk factors for adverse outcome after lumbar spine fusion (LSF).

Summary of Background Data.
Obesity is risk factor for complications after LSF and poses unique challenges regarding optimization of care. Nonetheless, this patient population is not well-studied.

Methods.
Adult patients undergoing LSF were identified the State Inpatient Database. Patients were identified as obese or nonobese using ICD-9 codes. Outcome variables were 90-day readmission, major medical complication, infection, and revision rates. Data were queried for demographics, comorbidities, surgery characteristics, and outcome variables. Logistic multivariate regression was utilized, serially testing interactions between obesity and other independent variables in separate models for each outcome. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust statistical significance for multiple comparisons.

Results.
A total of 262,153 patients were included: 31,062 obese and 231, 091 nonobese. For major complications, obese patients had lower odds ratios (ORs) versus nonobese patients for cerebrovascular accident, diabetes with chronic complications, age ≥65, congestive heart failure, history of myocardial infarction, renal disease, chronic pulmonary disease, Medicare/Medicaid payor, more than two levels fused, transforaminal/posterior lumbar interbody fusion, and female sex, and higher OR for non-White race. For readmission, obese patients had lower OR for age ≥65, history of MI, renal disease, and mental health disease, and higher OR for female sex. For revision, obese patients had higher OR for female sex and TLIF/PLIF. For infection, obese patients had lower OR for diabetes with and without chronic complications, and higher OR for female sex.

Conclusion.
Many medical comorbidities have less impact in obese patients than nonobese patients in predicting adverse outcomes despite increased rates of adverse outcomes in obese patients. These findings reflect the impact of obesity as an independent risk factor and have important implications for preoperative optimization.

Level of Evidence: 3
Factors Associated With Progression to Surgical Intervention for Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Military Health System
Authors: Anderson Ashley B. , Braswell Matthew J. , Pisano Alfred J. , Watson Nora I. , Dickens Jonathan F. , Helgeson Melvin D. , Brooks Daniel I. , Wagner Scott C. 
Published: November 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort.

Objective.
To determine surgery-free survival of patients receiving conservative management of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in the military healthcare system (MHS) and risk factors for surgical intervention.

Summary of Background Data.
Radiculopathy from LDH is a major cause of morbidity and cost.

Methods.
The Military Data Repository was queried for all patients diagnosed with LDH from FY2011–2018; the earliest such diagnosis in a military treatment facility (MTF) was kept for each patient as the initial diagnosis. Follow-up time to surgical intervention was defined as the time from diagnosis to first encounter for lumbar microdiscectomy or lumbar decompression in either a MTF or in the civilian sector. The Military Data Repository was also queried for history of tobacco use at any time during MHS care, age at the time of diagnosis, sex, MHS beneficiary category, and diagnosing facility characteristics. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations of patient and diagnosing facility characteristics with time to surgical intervention.

Results.
A total of 84,985 MHS beneficiaries including 62,771 active duty service members were diagnosed with LDH in a MTF during the 8-year study period. A total of 10,532 (12.4%) MHS beneficiaries, including 7650 (10.9%) active duty, failed conservative management onto surgical intervention with lumbar microdiscectomy or lumbar decompression. Median follow-up time of the cohort was 5.2 (interquartile range 2.6, 7.5) years. Among all healthcare beneficiaries, several patient-level (younger age, male sex, and history of tobacco use) and facility-level characteristics (hospital vs. clinic and surgical care vs. primary care clinic) were independently associated with higher risk of surgical intervention.

Conclusion.
LDH compromises military readiness and negatively impacts healthcare costs. MHS beneficiaries with LDH have a good prognosis with approximately 88% of patients successfully completing conservative management. However, strategies to improve outcomes of conservative management in LDH should address risks associated with both patient and facility characteristics.

Level of Evidence: 4
Practices to support relational coordination in care transitions: Observations from the VA rural Transitions Nurse Program
Authors: Gilmartin Heather M. , Battaglia Catherine , Warsavage Theodore , Connelly Brigid , Burke Robert E. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Ensuring safe transitions of care around hospital discharge requires effective relationships and communication between health care teams. Relational coordination (RC) is a process of communicating and relating for the purpose of task integration that predicts desirable outcomes for patients and providers. RC can be measured using a validated survey.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to demonstrate the application of RC practices within the rural Transitions Nurse Program (TNP), a nationwide transitions of care intervention for Veterans, and assess relationships and mechanisms for developing RC in teams.

Methodology/Approach
TNP implemented practices expected to support RC. These included creation of a transition nurse role, preimplementation site visits, process mapping to understand workflow, creation of standardized communication templates and protocols, and inclusion of teamwork and shared accountability in job descriptions and annual reviews. We used the RC Survey to measure RC for TNP health care teams. Associations between the months each site participated in TNP, number of Veterans enrolled, and adherence to the TNP intervention were assessed as possible mechanisms for developing high RC using Spearman (rs
) correlations.

Results
The RC Survey was completed by 44 providers from 11 Veterans Health Administration medical centers. RC scores were high across sites (mean = 4.19; 1–5 Likert scale) and were positively correlated with months participating in TNP (rs
= .66) and number of enrollees (rs
= .63), but not with adherence to the TNP intervention (rs
= .12).

Practice Implications
The impact of practices to support RC can be assessed using the RC Survey. Our findings suggest scale-up time is a likely mechanism to the development of high-quality relationships and communication within teams.