bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of preferred background music on task-focus in sustained attention
Authors: Kiss Luca , Linnell Karina J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough many people listen to music while performing tasks that require sustained attention, the literature is inconclusive about its effects. The present study examined performance on a sustained-attention task and explored the effect of background music on the prevalence of different attentional states, founded on the non-linear relationship between arousal and performance. Forty students completed a variation of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task—that has long been used to measure sustained attention—in silence and with their self-selected or preferred music in the background. We collected subjective reports of attentional state (specifically mind-wandering, task-focus and external distraction states) as well as reaction time (RT) measures of performance. Results indicated that background music increased the proportion of task-focus states by decreasing mind-wandering states but did not affect external distraction states. Task-focus states were linked to shorter RTs than mind-wandering or external distraction states; however, background music did not reduce RT or variability of RT significantly compared to silence. These findings show for the first time that preferred background music can enhance task-focused attentional states on a low-demanding sustained-attention task and are compatible with arousal mediating the relationship between background music and task-performance.
Management of pain in newborn circumcision: a systematic review
Authors: Rossi Serena , Buonocore Giuseppe , Bellieni Carlo Valerio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMale circumcision (MC) is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on neonates. In the last decades, there have been consistent advances in the understanding of pain mechanisms in newborns, and analgesia has become a fundamental part of neonatal care. MC is still often performed with inappropriate analgesic methods, and there is still great variability among the various centers about surgical and anesthethic techniques to do it. The purpose of this review is to summarize the findings in the literature about pain management and analgesia during newborn MC. We performed a systematic review of neonatal MC studies published in the last 20 years. The most effective technique appeared to be the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of analgesia.Conclusion: Combining local anesthesia with non-pharmacological analgesic strategies appears to be effective preventing procedural pain during MC. However, a standardized protocol for analgesia during MC is yet to be determined. Sensorial saturation appeared to help when used in conjunction with the local anesthesia techniques.

What is Known:• Male circumcision is a painful procedure and it is frequently performed with inappropriate analgesic methods.• A gold standard practice in analgesia during male circumcision is still lacking and there is a great variability in the modus operandi between centers.

What is New:• The combination of RB + EMLA + sucrose appears to be an analgesic strategy superior to other approaches.• We advocate for the integration of sensorial saturation during male circumcision in order to improve the efficacy of current analgesic practices.
Age-stratified clinical performance and survival of patients with IDH-wildtype glioblastoma homogeneously treated by radiotherapy with concomitant and maintenance temozolomide
Authors: Berger Kerstin , Turowski Bernd , Felsberg Jörg , Malzkorn Bastian , Reifenberger Guido , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Budach Wilfried , Haussmann Jan , Knipps Johannes , Rapp Marion , Hänggi Daniel , Sabel Michael , Mijderwijk Hendrik-Jan , Kamp Marcel A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastomas are the most malignant glial tumours. Median survival is only 14–16 months after diagnosis, with patients aged ≥ 65 years reportedly showing worse outcome. This study aimed to further evaluate the prognostic role of age in a homogenously treated patient cohort.

Methods
The study includes 132 IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients treated between 2013 and 2017 with open resection followed by radiotherapy with concomitant and maintenance temozolomide. Patients were dichotomized into a non-elderly (< 65 years) and an elderly (≥ 65 years) group. Extent of resection and the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status were determined for each tumour. Clinical and radiological follow-up data were obtained at 6 weeks after the end of radiation therapy and thereafter in 3-month intervals. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses.

Results
The elderly group consisted of 58 patients (median age: 70.5 years) and the non-elderly group of 74 patients (median age: 55 years). Median pre- and postoperative operative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score and National Institutes of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were not significantly different between the groups, but KPS and ECOG scores became significantly worse in the elderly group at 6 weeks after termination of radiation therapy. Neither PFS nor OS differed significantly between the age groups. Patients with MGMT promoter-methylated tumours survived longer.

Conclusion
Elderly patients in good pre- and postoperative clinical conditions may show similar outcome as younger patients when treated according to standard of care. However, elderly patients may suffer more frequently from clinical deterioration following chemoradiotherapy. In both age groups, MGMT promoter methylation was linked to longer PFS and OS.
Comparative micromorphology and anatomy of seeds and endocarps of selected Primulaceae and their systematic implications
Authors: Morozowska Maria , Freitas Maria de F. , de Luna Bruna N. , De Toni Karen L. G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeed and endocarp micromorphology and anatomy of 16 taxa from the genera Ardisia, Geissanthus, Stylogyne, Myrsine (Myrsinoideae), and Jacquinia (Theophrastoideae) were examined using stereo- and scanning electron microscopy and discussed in the light of the current phylogenetic framework. In all species, the ornamentation of the seed surface was reticulate, tuberculate, or tuberculate-colliculate with several differences concerning the cell outline and anticlinal cell wall boundaries. For seeds of almost all Myrsinoideae species, one-layered seed coat devoid of rhomboid or prismatic crystals was characteristic, while seeds of J. armillaris had a two-layered seed coat with prismatic crystals. The one-layered seed coat in Myrsinoideae may be considered a synapomorphy of this subfamily. The endosperm tissue in seeds of Myrsinoideae was differentiated into two types. Seeds of Ardisia and Geissanthus species were characterized by ‘pitted’ endosperm, while in seeds of Myrsine species both the ‘pitted’ endosperm and endosperm with evenly thickened cell walls were present. In seeds of Theophrastoideae, the endosperm was ‘pitted.’ Our results confirmed that the concave hilum area is characteristic of subglobose seeds of Myrsinoideae. The ruminate endosperm was present in all the examined Myrsine species, but it was absent in Ardisia crenata, Geissanthus ambiguus, and Stylogyne pauciflora seeds. Thus, the ruminate endosperm is not the feature clearly distinguishing the seeds of Myrsinoideae and Theophrastoideae. Endocarps of Myrsinoideae vary in terms of their morphology and anatomy. The variation within the primary and secondary sculpture of their inner surface and the presence of stomata in endocarps of particular species may have systematic implications.
Automatic ship collision avoidance using deep reinforcement learning with LSTM in continuous action spaces
Authors: Sawada Ryohei , Sato Keiji , Majima Takahiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an automatic collision avoidance algorithm for ships using a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in continuous action spaces. Obstacle zone by target (OZT) is used to compute an area where a collision will happen in the future based on dynamic information of ships. Agents of DRL detects the approach of multiple ships using a virtual sensor called the grid sensor. Agents learned collision avoidance maneuvering through Imazu problem, which is a scenario set of ship encounter situations. In this study, we propose a new approach for collision avoidance with a longer safe passing distance using DRL. We develop a novel method named inside OZT that expands OZT to improve the consistency of learning. We redesign the network using the long short-term memory (LSTM) cell and carried out training in continuous action spaces to train a model with longer safe distance than the previous study. The bow cross range in collision detection proposed in this paper is effective to COLREGs-compliant collision avoidance. The trained model has passed all scenarios of Imazu problem. The model is also validated by a test scenario which includes more ships than each scenario of Imazu problem.
Consistent treatment of incompletely converged iterative linear solvers in reverse-mode algorithmic differentiation
Authors: Akbarzadeh Siamak , Hückelheim Jan , Müller Jens-Dominik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlgorithmic differentiation (AD) is a widely-used approach to compute derivatives of numerical models. Many numerical models include an iterative process to solve non-linear systems of equations. To improve efficiency and numerical stability, AD is typically not applied to the linear solvers. Instead, the differentiated linear solver call is replaced with hand-produced derivative code that exploits the linearity of the original call. In practice, the iterative linear solvers are often stopped prematurely to recompute the linearisation of the non-linear outer loop. We show that in the reverse-mode of AD, the derivatives obtained with partial convergence become inconsistent with the original and the tangent-linear models, resulting in inaccurate adjoints. We present a correction term that restores consistency between adjoint and tangent-linear gradients if linear systems are only partially converged. We prove the consistency of this correction term and show in numerical experiments that the accuracy of adjoint gradients of an incompressible flow solver applied to an industrial test case is restored when the correction term is used.
Mapping and Drawing to Improve Students’ and Teachers’ Monitoring and Regulation of Students’ Learning from Text: Current Findings and Future Directions
Authors: van de Pol Janneke , van Loon Mariëtte , van Gog Tamara , Braumann Sophia , de Bruin Anique 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor (facilitating) effective learning from texts, students and teachers need to accurately monitor students’ comprehension. Monitoring judgments are accurate when they correspond to students’ actual comprehension. Accurate monitoring enables accurate (self-)regulation of the learning process, i.e., making study decisions that are in line with monitoring judgments and/or students’ comprehension. Yet, (self-)monitoring accuracy is often poor as the information or cues used are not always diagnostic (i.e., predictive) for students’ actual comprehension. Having students engage in generative activities making diagnostic cues available improves monitoring and regulation accuracy. In this review, we focus on generative activities in which text is transformed into visual representations using mapping and drawing (i.e., making diagrams, concept maps, or drawings). This has been shown to improve monitoring and regulation accuracy and is suited for studying cue diagnosticity and cue utilization. First, we review and synthesize findings of studies regarding (1) students’ monitoring accuracy, regulation accuracy, learning, cue diagnosticity, and cue utilization; (2) teachers’ monitoring and regulation accuracy and cue utilization; and (3) how mapping and drawing affect using effort as a cue during monitoring and regulation, and how this affects monitoring and regulation accuracy. Then, we show how this research offers unique opportunities for future research on advancing measurements of cue diagnosticity and cue utilization and on how effort is used as a cue during monitoring and regulation. Improving measures of cue diagnosticity and cue utilization can provide us with more insight into how students and teachers monitor and regulate students’ learning, to help design effective interventions to foster these important skills.
A conversation with Sherri Rose, winner of the 2020 health policy statistics section mid-career award
Authors: Hatfield Laura A. , Rose Sherri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSherri Rose, Ph.D. is an associate professor at Stanford University in the Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research as well as Co-Director of the joint Harvard–Stanford Health Policy Data Science Lab. A renowned expert in machine learning methodology for causal inference and prediction, her applied work has focused on risk adjustment, algorithmic fairness, health program evaluation, and comparative effectiveness research. Dr. Rose’s leadership positions include current roles as Co-Editor of Biostatistics and Chair of the American Statistical Association’s Biometrics Section. She is also a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. Dr. Rose earned a BS in Statistics from The George Washington University and a PhD in Biostatistics from the University of California, Berkeley before completing an NSF Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University. Prior to joining the faculty at Stanford University, she was on the faculty at Harvard Medical School in the Department of Health Care Policy. Below, an interview of Dr. Rose, conducted by her colleague, Dr. Laura Hatfield, on the occasion of her 2020 Mid-Career Award from the Health Policy Statistics Section (HPSS) of the American Statistical Association. This award recognizes leaders in health care policy and health services research who have made outstanding contributions through methodological or applied work and who show a promise of continued excellence at the frontier of statistical practice that advances the aims of HPSS.
Comparison of precision and conventional irrigation management of cotton and impact of soil texture
Authors: Vories E. , O’Shaughnessy S. , Sudduth K. , Evett S. , Andrade M. , Drummond S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil textural variability diminishes the effectiveness of conventional irrigation management. Variable rate irrigation (VRI) can address soil variability; however, users need guidance to prepare prescriptions for optimal water application. A study was conducted at Portageville, MO, USA, in 2016 and 2017 with the objective to compare yield and irrigation water use efficiency among three water-management treatments for cotton: rainfed, irrigated based on the USDA-ARS Irrigation Scheduling Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (ISSCADA) system, and irrigated based on a water balance method. Sand content in the top 533 mm soil layer was estimated from apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). Yield values measured near an ECaobservation were averaged to create a data set containing sand content and associated yield. Although the trend was for the rainfed treatment to have the lowest yield in both years, the yield differences among all treatments were not significant when sand content was not considered. A strong effect of sand content on cotton yield was observed in both seasons, although the slopes differed among the water management treatments in 2016. The ISSCADA system tended to have a higher irrigation water use efficiency in both seasons, but the difference was not significant in 2016 when total irrigation applications were low. The study is continuing at Portageville and other locations and the ISSCADA system is constantly being improved to better meet the needs of agricultural producers.
Highly composite polynomials and the maximum order of the divisor function in $$\pmb {\mathbb {F}}_q[t]$$
Authors: Afshar Ardavan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the analogues, in $$\mathbb {F}_q[t]$$

F
q

[
t
]

, of highly composite numbers and the maximum order of the divisor function, as studied by Ramanujan. In particular, we determine a family of highly composite polynomials which is not too sparse, and we use it to compute the logarithm of the maximum of the divisor function at every degree up to an error of a constant, which is significantly smaller than in the case of the integers, even assuming the Riemann Hypothesis.
Predictors of imminent risk of fracture in Medicare-enrolled men and women
Authors: Yusuf Akeem A. , Hu Yan , Chandler David , Crittenden Daria B. , Barron Richard L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Summary
Advancing age, female sex, recent prior fracture and falls, and specific comorbidities and medications contribute to imminent (within 1–2 years) risk of fracture in Medicare enrollees. Clinician awareness of these risk factors and their dynamic nature may lead to improved osteoporosis care for elderly patients.

Purpose
The burden of osteoporotic fracture disproportionately affects the elderly. Growing awareness that fracture risk can change substantially over time underscores the need to understand risk factors for imminent (within 1–2 years) fracture. This study assessed predictors of imminent risk of fracture in the US Medicare population.

Methods
Administrative claims data from a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries were analyzed for patients aged ≥ 67 years on January 1, 2011 (index date), with continuous coverage between January 1, 2009 and March 31, 2011, excluding patients with non-melanoma cancer or Paget’s disease. Incident osteoporotic fractures were identified during 12 and 24 months post-index. Potential predictors were age, sex, race, history of fracture, history of falls, presence of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), mood/anxiety disorders, polyinflammatory conditions, difficulty walking, use of durable medical equipment, ambulance/life support, and pre-index use of osteoporosis medications, steroids, or central nervous system medications. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate predictors of fracture risk in the two follow-up intervals.

Results
Among 1,780,451 individuals included (mean age 77.7 years, 66% female), 8.3% had prior fracture and 6.1% had a history of falls. During the 12- and 24-month follow-up periods, 3.0% and 5.4% of patients had an incident osteoporotic fracture, respectively. Imminent risk of fracture increased with older age (double/triple), female sex (> 80%), recent prior fracture (> double) and falls, and specific comorbidities and medications.

Conclusions
Demographics and factors including fall/fracture history, comorbidities, and medications contribute to imminent risk of fracture in elderly patients.
Advances in management research: a bibliometric overview of the Review of Managerial Science
Authors: Mas-Tur Alicia , Kraus Sascha , Brandtner Mario , Ewert Ralf , Kürsten Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Review of Managerial Science (RMS) is a leading international journal that publishes major advances related to business administration and management. The journal was launched in April 2007 and publishes eight issues per year (from 2021 onwards). The scope of RMS encompasses, but is not limited to, the functional areas of operations (such as production, operations management, and marketing), management (such as human resources management, strategic management, and organizational theory), information systems and their interrelations with capital markets (such as accounting, auditing, finance, and taxation), as well as questions of business strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, and corporate governance. This study offers a bibliometric overview of the publication and citation structure of RMS from its inception in 2007 until 2020 in terms of topics, authors, institutions, and countries, thereby offering a comprehensive overview of the history of the journal so far. All the data for the study are from the Web of Science Core Collection database. To complement this analysis, VOSviewer software provides graphical analysis. The analysis is based on several bibliometric techniques such as co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling.
Exploring Beyond the DNA Sequence: A Review of Epigenomic Studies of DNA and Histone Modifications in Dementia
Authors: MacBean Lachlan F. , Smith Adam R. , Lunnon Katie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Although genome-scale studies have identified many genetic variants associated with dementia, these do not account for all of disease incidence and so recently attention has turned to studying mechanisms of genome regulation. Epigenetic processes such as modifications to the DNA and histones alter transcriptional activity and have been hypothesized to be involved in the etiology of dementia. Here, we review the growing body of literature on dementia epigenomics, with a focus on novel discoveries, current limitations, and future directions for the field.

Recent Findings
It is through advances in genomic technology that large-scale quantification of epigenetic modifications is now possible in dementia. Most of the literature in the field has primarily focussed on exploring DNA modifications, namely DNA methylation, in postmortem brain samples from individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. However, recent studies have now begun to explore other epigenetic marks, such as histone modifications, investigating these signatures in both the brain and blood, and in a range of other dementias.

Summary
There is still a demand for more epigenomic studies to be conducted in the dementia field, particularly those assessing chromatin dynamics and a broader range of histone modifications. The field faces limitations in sample accessibility with many studies lacking power. Furthermore, the frequent use of heterogeneous bulk tissue containing multiple cell types further hinders data interpretation. Looking to the future, multi-omic studies, integrating many different epigenetic marks, with matched genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, will be vital, particularly when undertaken in isolated cell populations, or ideally at the level of the single cell. Ultimately these studies could identify novel dysfunctional pathways and biomarkers for disease, which could lead to new therapeutic avenues.
Agility: What It Is, How to Measure It, and How to Use It
Authors: Meyer Staheli , Newsome Donny , Fuller Timothy , Newsome Kendra , Ghezzi Patrick M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA positive and expected by-product of a well-programmed instructional sequence is an escalation of learning, where skills are acquired more quickly as teaching goes on. Despite the importance of this effect in behavior analysis and education, techniques for detecting and analyzing it are rarely observed in practice settings. A behavioral approach to this phenomenon is rooted in the term agility, which has persisted in the precision-teaching community as a description of desirable acquisition patterns. Precision teachers have long carried forward a loose definition of agility as “celerating celerations.” Although this definition might succeed in generally orienting practitioners toward the goal of helping people acquire new skills more quickly, its lack of technical specificity has hindered efforts to fully integrate such analyses into practice. In this article, the authors define agility and distinguish it from other concepts common to education and behavior analysis. Further, a tutorial for quantifying and analyzing agility using frequency, celeration, and bounce multipliers is presented in detail. Finally, the practical implications afforded by analyses of agility are delineated.