bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Is Associated With Increased Mortality Across the Spectrum of Shock Severity in Cardiac Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Jentzer Jacob C , Lawler Patrick R. , van Diepen Sean , Henry Timothy D. , Menon Venu , Baran David A. , Džavík Vladimír , Barsness Gregory W. , Holmes David R. , Kashani Kianoush B. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) frequently occurs in patients with cardiogenic shock and may aggravate shock severity and organ failure. We sought to determine the association of SIRS with illness severity and survival across the spectrum of shock severity in cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 8995 unique patients admitted to the Mayo Clinic CICU between 2007 and 2015. Patients with ≥2/4 SIRS criteria based on admission laboratory and vital sign data were considered to have SIRS. Patients were stratified by the 2019 Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) shock stages using admission data. The association between SIRS and mortality was evaluated across SCAI shock stage using logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards models for hospital and 1-year mortality, respectively.

Results:

The study population had a mean age of 67.5±15.2 years, including 37.2% women. SIRS was present in 33.9% of patients upon CICU admission and was more prevalent in advanced SCAI shock stages. Patients with SIRS had higher illness severity, worse shock, and more organ failure, with an increased risk of mortality during hospitalization (16.8% versus 3.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.7–2.5];
P
<0.001) and at 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3–1.6];
P
<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, SIRS was associated with higher hospital and 1-year mortality among patients in SCAI shock stages A through D (all
P
<0.01) but not SCAI shock stage E.

Conclusions:
One-third of CICU patients meet clinical criteria for SIRS at the time of admission, and these patients have higher illness severity and worse outcomes across the spectrum of SCAI shock stages. The presence of SIRS identified CICU patients at increased risk of short-term and long-term mortality. Further study is needed to determine whether systemic inflammation truly drives SIRS in this population and whether patients with SIRS respond differently to supportive therapies for shock.
Applications of Dynamic Land Surface Information for Passive Microwave Precipitation Retrieval
Authors: Ringerud Sarah , Peters-Lidard Christa , Munchak Joe , You Yalei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccurate, physically based precipitation retrieval over global land surfaces is an important goal of the NASA/JAXA Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM). This is a difficult problem for the passive microwave constellation, as the signal over radiometrically warm land surfaces in the microwave frequencies means that the measurements used are indirect and typically require inferring some type of relationship between an observed scattering signal and precipitation at the surface. GPM, with collocated radiometer and dual-frequency radar, is an excellent tool for tackling this problem and improving global retrievals. In the years following the launch of the GPM Core Observatory satellite, physically based passive microwave retrieval of precipitation over land continues to be challenging. Validation efforts suggest that the operational GPM passive microwave algorithm, the Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF), tends to overestimate precipitation at the low (<5 mm h−1) end of the distribution over land. In this work, retrieval sensitivities to dynamic surface conditions are explored through enhancement of the algorithm with dynamic, retrieved information from a GPM-derived optimal estimation scheme. The retrieved parameters describing surface and background characteristics replace current static or ancillary GPROF information including emissivity, water vapor, and snow cover. Results show that adding this information decreases probability of false detection by 50% and, most importantly, the enhancements with retrieved parameters move the retrieval away from dependence on ancillary datasets and lead to improved physical consistency.
Sequential bilateral Behçet’s neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary vitreous exudate: case report
Authors: Ksiaa Imen , Ben Aoun Safa , Zina Sourour , Nefzi Dhouha , Khochtali Sana , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
To describe a case of Behçet disease (BD) uveitis manifesting with sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary inflammatory vitreous exudate (PIVE).

Material and methods
A single case report documented with multimodal imaging.

Results
A 37-year-old man developed neuroretinitis with associated PIVE in the left eye. He was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis and treated accordingly based on positive serologic testing and negative work-up for other entities, including BD. The disease course was favorable, but 1 year later a similar neuroretinitis developed in the right eye. Extraocular features of BD became evident only at the time of the second eye involvement, and the patient received corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy.
Swept source (SS) OCT showed at the acute phase in both eyes a typical “mushroom-shaped” prepapillary hyperreflectivity of the PIVE. SS OCT angiography (OCTA) demonstrated a corresponding prepapillary hypointense area due to shadowing effect, decreasing in size while scanning deeper layers. It also detected peripapillary retinal hypervascularity in both eyes and a sectoral area of flow signal loss in the first involved left eye. Visual acuity improved following the resolution of the PIVE and associated acute inflammatory changes in both eyes. The left eye showed residual optic disc pallor and retinal nerve fiber layer defects.

Conclusion
Sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with PIVE may occur before other clinical features of BD become evident. SS OCT and OCTA can provide useful information for the diagnosis and management of this rare, but typical, ocular manifestation of BD uveitis.
New insights into the evolution and functional divergence of the CIPK gene family in Saccharum
Authors: Su Weihua , Ren Yongjuan , Wang Dongjiao , Huang Long , Fu Xueqin , Ling Hui , Su Yachun , Huang Ning , Tang Hanchen , Xu Liping , Que Youxiong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCalcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are the primary components of calcium sensors, and play crucial roles in plant developmental processes, hormone signaling transduction, and in the response to exogenous stresses.ResultsIn this study, 48CIPKgenes (SsCIPKs) were identified from the genome ofSaccharum spontaneum. Phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that theSsCIPKgene family may have undergone six gene duplication events from the last common ancestor (LCA) ofSsCIPKs. Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) served as the driving force for the amplification ofSsCIPKs. The Nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution ratio (Ka/Ks) analysis showed that the duplicated genes were possibly under strong purifying selection pressure. The divergence time of these duplicated genes had an average duplication time of approximately 35.66 Mya, suggesting that these duplication events occurred after the divergence of the monocots and eudicots (165 Mya). The evolution of gene structure analysis showed that theSsCIPKfamily genes may involve intron losses. TenScCIPKgenes were amplified from sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that these tenScCIPKgenes had different expression patterns under abscisic acid (ABA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and sodium chloride (NaCl) stresses. Prokaryotic expression implied that the recombinant proteins of ScCIPK3, − 15 and − 17 could only slightly enhance growth under salinity stress conditions, but the ScCIPK21 did not. TransientN. benthamianaplants overexpressingScCIPKsdemonstrated that theScCIPKgenes were involved in responding to external stressors through the ethylene synthesis pathway as well as to bacterial infections.ConclusionsIn generally, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of evolutionary relationship, gene structure, motif composition, and gene duplications ofSsCIPKfamily genes were performed inS. spontaneum. The functional study of expression patterns in sugarcane and allogenic expressions inE. coliandN. benthamianashowed thatScCIPKsplayed various roles in response to different stresses. Thus, these results improve our understanding of the evolution of theCIPKgene family in sugarcane as well as provide a basis for in-depth functional studies ofCIPKgenes in sugarcane.
The patterns of admixture, divergence, and ancestry of African cattle populations determined from genome-wide SNP data
Authors: Gebrehiwot N. Z. , Strucken E. M. , Aliloo H. , Marshall K. , Gibson J. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHumplessBos tauruscattle are one of the earliest domestic cattle in Africa, followed by the arrival of humpedBos indicuscattle. The diverse indigenous cattle breeds of Africa are derived from these migrations, with most appearing to be hybrids betweenBos taurusandBos indicus. The present study examines the patterns of admixture, diversity, and relationships among African cattle breeds.MethodsData for ~ 40 k SNPs was obtained from previous projects for 4089 animals representing 35 African indigenous, 6 EuropeanBos taurus, 4Bos indicus,and 5 African crossbred cattle populations. Genetic diversity and population structure were assessed using principal component analyses (PCA), admixture analyses, and Wright’sFstatistic. The linkage disequilibrium and effective population size (Ne) were estimated for the pure cattle populations.ResultsThe first two principal components differentiatedBos indicusfrom EuropeanBos taurus, and AfricanBos taurusfrom other breeds. PCA and admixture analyses showed that, except for recently admixed cattle, all indigenous breeds are either pure AfricanBos taurusor admixtures of AfricanBos taurusandBos indicus.The African zebu breeds had highest proportions ofBos indicusancestry ranging from 70 to 90% or 60 to 75%, depending on the admixture model. Other indigenous breeds that were not 100% AfricanBos taurus, ranged from 42 to 70% or 23 to 61%Bos indicusancestry. The AfricanBos tauruspopulations showed substantial genetic diversity, and other indigenous breeds show evidence of having more than one African taurine ancestor.Neestimates based onr2andr2adjshowed a decline inNefrom a large population at 2000 generations ago, which is surprising for the indigenous breeds given the expected increase in cattle populations over that period and the lack of structured breeding programs.ConclusionAfrican indigenous cattle breeds have a large genetic diversity and are either pure AfricanBos taurusor admixtures of AfricanBos taurusandBos indicus.This provides a rich resource of potentially valuable genetic variation, particularly for adaptation traits, and to support conservation programs. It also provides challenges for the development of genomic assays and tools for use in African populations.
Genomic targets for high-resolution inference of kinship, ancestry and disease susceptibility in orang-utans (genus: Pongo)
Authors: Banes Graham L. , Fountain Emily D. , Karklus Alyssa , Huang Hao-Ming , Jang-Liaw Nian-Hong , Burgess Daniel L. , Wendt Jennifer , Moehlenkamp Cynthia , Mayhew George F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Orang-utans comprise three critically endangered species endemic to the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Though whole-genome sequencing has recently accelerated our understanding of their evolutionary history, the costs of implementing routine genome screening and diagnostics remain prohibitive. Capitalizing on a tri-fold locus discovery approach, combining data from published whole-genome sequences, novel whole-exome sequencing, and microarray-derived genotype data, we aimed to develop a highly informative gene-focused panel of targets that can be used to address a broad range of research questions.

Results
We identified and present genomic co-ordinates for 175,186 SNPs and 2315 Y-chromosomal targets, plus 185 genes either known or presumed to be pathogenic in cardiovascular (N = 109) or respiratory (N = 43) diseases in humans – the primary and secondary causes of captive orang-utan mortality – or a majority of other human diseases (N = 33). As proof of concept, we designed and synthesized ‘SeqCap’ hybrid capture probes for these targets, demonstrating cost-effective target enrichment and reduced-representation sequencing.

Conclusions
Our targets are of broad utility in studies of orang-utan ancestry, admixture and disease susceptibility and aetiology, and thus are of value in addressing questions key to the survival of these species. To facilitate comparative analyses, these targets could now be standardized for future orang-utan population genomic studies. The targets are broadly compatible with commercial target enrichment platforms and can be utilized as published here to synthesize applicable probes.
Target detection in healthy 4-week old piglets from a passive two-tone auditory oddball paradigm
Authors: Oeur R. Anna , Margulies Susan S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPassive auditory oddball tests are effort independent assessments that evaluate auditory processing and are suitable for paediatric patient groups. Our goal was to develop a two-tone auditory oddball test protocol and use this clinical assessment in an immature large animal model. Event-related potentials captured middle latency P1, N1, and P2 responses in 4-week old (N = 16, female) piglets using a custom piglet 32- electrode array on 3 non-consecutive days. The effect of target tone frequency (250 Hz and 4000 Hz) on middle latency responses were tested in a subset of animals.ResultsResults show that infrequent target tone pulses elicit greater N1 amplitudes than frequent standard tone pulses. There was no effect of day. Electrodes covering the front of the head tend to elicit greater waveform responses. P2 amplitudes increased for higher frequency target tones (4000 Hz) than the regular 1000 Hz target tones (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTwo-tone auditory oddball tests produced consistent responses day-to-day. This clinical assessment was successful in the immature large animal model.
Lung ultrasound in the emergency department - a valuable tool in the management of patients presenting with respiratory symptoms during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Schmid Bonaventura , Feuerstein Doreen , Lang Corinna N. , Fink Katrin , Steger Rebecca , Rieder Marina , Duerschmied Daniel , Busch Hans-Jörg , Damjanovic Domagoj 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Typical lung ultrasound (LUS) findings in patients with a COVID-19 infection were reported early on. During the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, LUS was propagated as a useful instrument in triage and monitoring. We evaluated LUS as a rapid diagnostic triage tool for the management of patients with suspected COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED).

Methods
The study retrospectively enrolled patients with suspected COVID-19, who were admitted from 1st April to 25th of April 2020 to the ED of a tertiary care center in Germany. During clinical work-up, patients underwent LUS and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. The recorded ultrasound findings were analyzed and judged regarding typical signs of viral pneumonia, blinded for clinical information of the patients. The results were compared with PCR test and chest computed tomography (CT).

Results
2236 patients were treated in the ED during the study period. 203 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using PCR, 135 (66.5%) underwent LUS and 39 (28.9%) of the patients were examined by chest CT scan. 39 (28.9%) of the 135 patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 with PCR.
In 52 (38.5%) COVID-19 was suspected from the finding of the LUS, resulting in a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 77.1% compared with PCR results. The negative predictive value reached 89.2%. The findings of the LUS had - compared to a positive chest CT scan for COVID-19 - a sensitivity of 70.6% and a specificity of 72.7%.

Conclusions
LUS is a rapid and useful triage tool in the work-up of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection during a pandemic scenario. Still, the results of the LUS depend on the physician’s experience and skills.
Slow radiological improvement and persistent low-grade inflammation after chemotherapy in tuberculosis patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mily Akhirunnesa , Sarker Protim , Taznin Inin , Hossain Delwar , Haq Md. Ahsanul , Kamal S. M. Mostofa , Agerberth Birgitta , Brighenti Susanna , Raqib Rubhana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM) may impede immune responses in tuberculosis (TB) and thus contribute to enhanced disease severity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate DM-mediated alterations in clinical, radiological and immunological outcomes in TB disease.

Methods
Newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients with or without DM (TB n = 40; TB-DM n = 40) were recruited in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Clinical symptoms, sputum smear and culture conversion as well as chest radiography were assessed. Peripheral blood and sputum samples were collected at the time of diagnosis (baseline) and after 1, 2 and 6 months of standard anti-TB treatment. Blood samples were also obtained from healthy controls (n = 20). mRNA expression of inflammatory markers in blood and sputum samples were quantified using real-time PCR.

Results
The majority of TB-DM patients had poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8%) and displayed elevated pulmonary pathology (P = 0.039) particularly in the middle (P < 0.004) and lower lung zones (P < 0.02) throughout the treatment period. However, reduction of clinical symptoms and time to sputum smear and culture conversion did not differ between the groups. Transcripts levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P = 0.003 at month-1 and P = 0.045 at month-2) and TNF-α (P = 0.005 at month-1) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (P = 0.005 at month-2) were higher in peripheral blood after anti-TB treatment in TB-DM compared to TB patients. Conversely in sputum, TB-DM patients had reduced CD4 (P < 0.009 at month-1) and IL-10 (P = 0.005 at month-1 and P = 0.006 at month-2) transcripts, whereas CD8 was elevated (P = 0.016 at month-2). At 1- and 2-month post-treatment, sputum IL-10 transcripts were inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in all patients.

Conclusion
Insufficient up-regulation of IL-10 in the lung may fuel persistent local inflammation thereby promoting lung pathology in TB-DM patients with poorly controlled DM.
Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 clusters caused by asymptomatic cases in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Yuan Yuan , He Jun , Gong Lei , Li Weiwei , Jiang Liangliang , Liu Jiang , Chen Qingqing , Yu Junling , Hou Sai , Shi Yonglin , Lu Siqi , Zhang Zhuhui , Ge Yinglu , Sa Nan , He Lan , Wu Jiabing , Sun Yong , Liu Zhirong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which spread globally in early 2020. Asymptomatic carriers of the virus contribute to the propagation of this disease, and the existence of asymptomatic infection has caused widespread fear and concern in the control of this pandemic.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the origin and transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 in Anhui’s two clusters, analyzed the role and infectiousness of asymptomatic patients in disease transmission, and characterized the complete spike gene sequences in the Anhui strains.

Results
We conducted an epidemiological investigation of two clusters caused by asymptomatic infections sequenced the spike gene of viruses isolated from 12 patients. All cases of the two clusters we investigated had clear contact histories, both from Wuhan, Hubei province. The viruses isolated from two outbreaks in Anhui were found to show a genetically close link to the virus from Wuhan. In addition, new single nucleotide variations were discovered in the spike gene.

Conclusions
Both clusters may have resulted from close contact and droplet-spreading and asymptomatic infections were identified as the initial cause. We also analyzed the infectiousness of asymptomatic cases and the challenges to the current epidemic to provided information for the development of control strategies.
Perception of childbirth experiences of Japanese women in Bali, Indonesia: a qualitative study
Authors: Tanaka Kazuko , Kurniasari Ni Made Dian , Widyanthini Desak Nyoman , Suariyani Ni Luh Putu , Listyowati Rina , Urayama Akimi , Wirawan I. Made Ady , Yoshimura Koichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal healthcare services in Indonesia have seen dramatic improvements over the past 25 years and yet there is still room for improvement. The perception, by the women, of the perinatal care provided, is a vital input to further improving these services. This study examines how the perinatal care provided is experienced by Japanese women in Bali, using an interview survey.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews, from August to October 2017, with 14 Japanese women living in Badung Regency and Denpasar City in Bali Province, Indonesia to report their perception of the perinatal care they experienced during their pregnancies. The interview guide included among others, the reasons for choosing specific (perinatal care) health facilities and their satisfaction with their experience of using the antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care services. The data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method.ResultsFrom the interview data, 12 categories across five themes were extracted. Participants reported experiencing various concerns during their pregnancies such as difficulty in obtaining perinatal care related information. From the beginning of their pregnancies, participants gradually established trusting relationships with midwives, but in many situations, they were disappointed with their childbirth experiences, as they felt that the care provided was not woman-centred. Through their own efforts and with the support of family members and other Japanese residents, many women were able to eventually regard their childbirth experiences as positive. Nevertheless, some women could not overcome their negative impressions even years after childbirth.ConclusionsParticipants desired close attention and encouragement from nurses and midwives. Our results suggest that Japanese women in Bali expected a woman-centred perinatal care and active support from nursing/midwifery staff during their pregnancies and postnatal care.