bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road
Authors: Meléndez Daniela M , Marti Sonia , Faucitano Luigi , Haley Derek B , Schwinghamer Timothy D , Nordi Wiolene M , Schwartzkopf-Genswein Karen S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = &lt; 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P &lt; 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.
PSVII-7 Equations for estimating commercial meat cuts of water buffaloes finished in feedlot
Authors: Jacob Vanessa R M , Castilhos André M , Francisco Caroline L , Luz Patricia A C , Marques da Silva Daiane C , Jacaúna Amanna G , Oliveira Camila S , Paula Tania V , de Barros Felipe , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Equations for estimating commercial meat cuts of water buffaloes finished in feedlot (means of initial body weight and age of 314 ±117 kg and 13 ±1.2 months, respectively) using biometric measurements performed in vivo, carcass traits performed postmortem, and the set of both measurements were determined. Seventy-five non-castrated males (25 of each genetic group: Jafarabadi, Mediterranean and Murrah) were used and allocated in collective pens to receive feeding and water ad libitum for 240 days. Body weight (BW), hip height (HH), and ultrasound assessments (backfat thickness – BFT; Ribeye area – REA) were performed and tested as independent variables. After the slaughter, the non-carcass components of each animal were weighed to obtain the empty body weight (EBW). Hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), carcass length (CL, cm), carcass depth (CD, cm), and carcass compactness index (CCI, kg/cm) were obtained and tested as independent variables. The meat cuts (Brisket, Flank plate, Rump, Rump cap, Striploin, and Tenderloin) were obtained from right half-carcass and weighed. The equations were determined using the stepwise regression method and Mallows’ Cp criterion, and processed by the REG procedure in SAS. The independent variables which were included differed among the meat cut equations which can use both independent variables obtained in vivo and postmortem, or only those obtained postmortem: Brisket, kg = 0.165-0.004×EBW+0.007×HCW+0.017×CCW (R2 =0.81, SE =0.27, Cp=1.81); Flank plate, kg = -2.643-0.013×HCW+0.028×CCI +2.681×CL-1,021×HH (R2 =0.68, SE =0.116, Cp=2.73); Rump, kg = -4.975-0.004×EBW-0.004×HCW+0.032×CCI+4.771×CL-1.662×CD-0.017×BFT (R2 =0.84, SE =0.18, Cp=6.17); Rump Cap, kg = -0.485-0.002×EBW+0.011×CCI -1.291×CL (R2 =0.78, SE =0.19, Cp=2.20); Striploin, kg = -0.088-0.004×EBW+0.020×HCW +0.019×CCI-2.949×CL (R2 =0.85, SE =0.35, Cp=3.97); Tenderloin, kg = -2.125 + 0.008×CCI +1.863×CL-1.697×CD+0.698×HH-0.014×BFT (R2 =0.84, SE =0.12, Cp=5.89). In conclusion, the equations for estimating commercial meat cuts present good prediction and can be used for different GG of water buffaloes. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).
PSVII-2 Blood concentrations of leptin, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins and their association with feedlot performance and efficiency measurements of water buffaloes
Authors: Oliveira Camila S , Francisco Caroline L , Castilhos André M , da Silva Fabiola Martinez , Correa Hugo L , Jacaúna Amanna G , de Barros Felipe , Paula Tania V , Jacob Vanessa R M , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the association between serum parameters and feedlot performance, and efficiency measures of water buffalo for meat production. Seventy-five animals of three different genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah) were used, with means of initial body weight (BW) and age of 314±117 kg and 13±1.2 months, respectively. Animal BW were recorded at the beginning and every 28 days until the final of the efficiency period (EP; 84 days). Animals of each GG were allocated in collective pens provided with artificial shade and automatic feeder system to determine individual daily intake of diet and water offered ad libitum. Average daily gain (ADG, kg/day), dry matter intake (DMI, in kg/day and %BW) were evaluated. Efficiency measures [feed conversion ratio (F:G), feed efficiency (G:F), residual feed intake (RFI), residual gain (RG), and residual intake and gain (RIG)] were calculated considering 84 days of experiment. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on days 0, 56, and 84, and were evaluated for serum levels of leptin, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) by commercial kits. Animals were clinically healthy and with no skin lesion, intestinal and blood parasites, as well as no diarrhea, urogenital or muscular abnormalities. Data were analyzed using the CORR procedure with partial command in SAS. There are some correlations between serum parameters and feedlot performance and efficiency measurements (P ≤ 0.05) as well as there are tendencies (P ≤ 0.10; Table 1). Furthermore, leptin, TRI, and lipoproteins serum levels are the parameters most associated with some performance and efficiency variables. In conclusion, although weak, the correlations suggest that there are alterations of serum parameters according to performance and efficiency and these parameters can be used as tools to assist in decision making within the buffalo production system. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).
PSVII-6 Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation on gene expression of feedlot cattle
Authors: Martins Tainá E , Acedo Tiago S , Gouvea Vinicius N , Vasconcellos Guilherme S , Arrigoni Mário B , Martins Cyntia L , Millen Danilo D , Pai Maeli D , Perdigão Alexandre , Melo Gabriel F , Rizzieri Ramon A , Rosolen Leonardo M , Costa Carolina , Sartor Ana Bárbara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (HyD®, DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) supplementation in expression of genes related to anabolism and catabolism of feedlot cattle. A total of 120 Nellore bulls (IBW = 370±20 kg) were distributed in 24 fully roofed-pens with concrete floor (5 animals/pen) in a randomized complete block design (8 pens/treatment). The treatments were T1 (control): no supplementation of HyD®; T2: HyD® supplementation at 1 mg/animal/day; T3: HyD® supplementation at 3 mg/animal/day. Basal diet was formulated to meet requirements of finishing bulls, considering an ADG of 1.6 kg/day (Level 2 Nutrition System, Fox et al., 2004). Adaptation to diets followed a step-up scheme for 14 days, with concentrate inclusion being gradually increased from 76 to 91% DM. Finishing diets were offered from 15th to 100th day of feedlot period and animals fed twice a day (0800 and 1500), with bunks managed for a maximum of 5% orts. After slaughter, muscle samples were collected for quantitative evaluation of gene expression using RT-qPCR method, considering the following genes: SOD1 (antioxidant marker), IGF1, IGF2 and MTOR (anabolism), FOXO1, MURF1, Atrogin-1 and MSTN (catabolism). Statistical analysis was performed using PROC MIXED of SAS® and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. No significant differences among treatments were observed for SOD1, FOXO1, MURF1 and Atrogin-1 expression (P &gt;0.05). However, tendencies (0.05 &gt; P ≤0.10) could be observed for IGF1, IGF2, MTOR and MSTN expression in animals receiving HyD®, regardless of dosage. These results indicate a positive effect of HyD® on muscular anabolism and protein synthesis on feedlot finishing cattle. Moreover, the greater expression on MSTN suggest a higher protein turnover and muscular growth regulation. In conclusion, HyD® supplementation increased expression of genes correlated to muscular growth and protein synthesis, being a viable technology for beef cattle finished in feedlot systems.
PSVII-9 Evaluating Performance Trends of the Four Most Represented Breeds of Bulls in the Utah Beef Improvement Performance Test
Authors: Garcia Matthew D , Kunzler Madelyn , Chapman Kim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated changes in performance of bulls enrolled in the Utah Beef Improvement Association’s (UBIA) annual performance tests conducted in accordance with central bull test standards established by the Beef Improvement Federation. Breeds with over 500 bulls enrolled over the period of 2004 to 2018 were included in the evaluation. The breeds with greater than 500 animals evaluated included the Angus, Red Angus, Hereford and Simmental Breeds. Traits evaluated included birth weight, initial weight, a 205-day adjusted weaning weight, final test weight, average daily gain, adjusted yearling weight, and weight per day of age. The mixed model procedure of SAS and interval regression analyses were utilized to evaluate the yearly rate of change for each breed and to determine if that rate of change was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) between the evaluated breeds. When evaluating all breeds represented across years, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed for rate of change when evaluating birth weight and 205-day adjusted weaning weight. However, no differences were observed between breeds with more than 500 animals represented. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) for rate of change were observed when comparing the top four represented breeds, for average daily gain, initial test weight, final test weight, adjusted yearling weight and weight per day of age. Specifically, a declining trend was noted for all breeds when evaluation all significant traits. When evaluating the previously described traits, the Angus breed was significantly different in its rate of decline when compared to the Red Angus and Hereford breeds. The lone increasing trend was observed in the Hereford breed which had a positive increasing trend for initial test weight which was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05) from both the Angus and Red Angus breeds but not significantly different from the Simmental breed.
PSVII-21 The impact of cell culture and copper dose on copper trafficking genes in bovine liver
Authors: Tillquist Nicole M , Thorndyke Meghan P , Thomas Tyler A , Coleman Stephen J , Engle Terry E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the influence of Cu dose on the relative abundance of Cu trafficking genes in cultured bovine hepatocytes. A liver sample was obtained immediately post-mortem from one healthy Angus steer. Hepatocytes were isolated, counted, and seeded at equal density into 15 separate wells, and incubated for 1 hour in culture media containing: 0.0, 0.10, 1.0, 10.0, or 100 mg Cu/L (3 replicates per Cu dose). Following incubation, cells were collected and total RNA was isolated. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the abundance of transcripts for proteins involved in Cu homeostasis. The identified targets were: ALDH2, APOA1, ATOX1, ATP7A, ATP7B, BHMT, BLVRB, CA2, CCS, COX17, CTR1, ELN, GAPDH, GLUD1, GSS, LOXL1, PDIA3, SOD1, SOD3. β-Actin (ACTB) served as the endogenous control. Significant linear responses existed for ALDH2 (P &lt; 0.001), ATOX1 (P &lt; 0.01), PDIA3 (P &lt; 0.05). As Cu dose increased, the relative abundance of ALDH2 increased, and ATOX1 and PDIA3 decreased. Significant quadratic responses existed for ATP7B (P &lt; 0.001), COX17 (P &lt; 0.05), and SOD1 (P &lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of COX17 was lesser at 0.1 and 1.0 mg Cu/L when compared to 0.0, 10, and 100 mg Cu/L. Transcript abundance for ATP7B and SOD1 was lower at 0, 1, and 100 mg Cu/L when compared to 0.1 and 10 mg Cu/L. These data indicate that certain transcripts are differentially expressed in cultured bovine hepatocytes in response to increasing Cu dose.
PSVI-30 Requirements of the sulfur amino acids in growing Labrador Retrievers using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique
Authors: Weil Jordan T , Varney Jessica L , Fowler Jason W , Coon Craig N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Over time, the need to update amino acid (AA) requirements for canines becomes increasingly important to ensure animals are healthy and free of nutritional disease. Each of the AA plays a crucial role in the metabolism and health of mammals. Of the essential AA, the total sulfur amino acids (TSAA), namely methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), are involved in metabolic functions such as protein metabolism, intestinal health, and urinary function. Additionally, Met can function as a precursor in the requirement of Cys. The purpose of this experiment was to use the indicator amino acid oxidation technique to determine amino acid requirements on growing Labrador Retrievers. A total of 12 dogs were subjected to 12 diets with varying levels of Met and Cys, ranging from deficient to excess. Diets were formulated to 1.6x NRC values for all indispensable amino acids. The control diet was fed for two days, followed by a day in which the test diet was fed, a tracer amino acid was supplied, and breath samples were collected. On test day, a priming dose of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.) based on the subject’s body weight was first supplied, followed by [1-13C]Phe doses every thirty minutes, spanning a four hour period. A respiration mask was placed on each subject every thirty minutes (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments), 13CO2 was collected, and enrichment was determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Results for IRMS were converted to atom percent excess (APE) and analyzed using a broken line model (JMP® Pro 15). Results showed that the Met and TSAA mean and population requirements were 0.78 ± 0.16 and 1.53 ± 0.21 g/1000kcal (mean ± 2SD), respectively. Knowledge gained from these studies is necessary as the petfood industry aims to deliver accurate diet formulations to the expansive canine population.
PSVIII-28 Intercropping corn with field peas or forage soybeans for use as silage
Authors: Rodehorst Wayde J , Ostlie Mike H , Moore Rebecca L , Neville Bryan W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate forage production and compare nutrient content of intercropped corn/legume silages. Forage production was determined by harvesting 3 m by 7.7 m plots (n = 4). Corn was seeded at 79,000 seeds/ha and intercropped with 408,000, 538,000, or 815,000 seeds/ha of field peas; or corn intercropped with 272,000, 359,000, or 544,000 seeds/ha of forage soybean. All forages were harvested on a common date. Subsamples of forage were utilized in a laboratory scale ensiling study. Forage samples were stored in vacuum bags for 28 d prior to determination of pH, DM, and nutrient analysis. Intercropping field peas with corn decreased forage production compared to corn alone (P = 0.007). The lower field pea seeding rate resulted in greater forage production (P = 0.002) than either of the higher seeding rates which did not differ (P = 0.65). Intercropping forage soybean with corn increased (P &lt; 0.001) forage production over corn alone. Intercropping corn with field peas increased silage CP (5.8 vs. 4.5 ± 0.13; P &lt; 0.001) compared to corn alone. Including field peas at the lower and higher rate increased (P &lt; 0.001) silage CP compared to the mid-rate and corn alone. Inclusion of soybeans increased silage CP over corn alone (5.9 vs 4.5 ± 0.16; P &lt; 0.001). The middle seeding rate of forage soybean resulted in the greatest silage CP (P &lt; 0.001). All rates of field pea inclusion resulted in decreased (P = 0.03) silage pH (3.8 vs 3.9 ± 0.04) compared to corn alone. Intercropping soybeans resulted did not affect (P = 0.81) silage pH (3.9 ± 0.04) compared to corn alone. Lodging contributed to the decreased yield of intercropped corn and field peas. Further research is needed prior broader recommendation related to intercropping corn and legumes for silage.
PSVIII-34 Late-Breaking Abstract: Additivity of digestible amino acids in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs
Authors: Kim Beob G , Sung Jung Yeol 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objectives were to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs and to test the additivity of ileal digestible AA concentrations in hatchery byproducts. Ten barrows (initial body weight = 11.3 ± 1.3 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were individually housed in pens. Four diets were prepared to contain 30% of infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, or a mixture (20% dried infertile eggs + 20% dried unhatched eggs + 60% dried culled chicks) as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was additionally prepared to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. All experimental diet contained 0.5% chromic oxide as an indigestible index. Ten pigs were assigned to a replicated 5 × 4 Latin square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. Each period consisted of a 5-d adaptation period and a 2-d collection period. The hypothesis was that the determined digestible AA concentrations of the mixture are not different from the calculated values based on digestible AA in the individual ingredients. A t-test was used to determine the additivity of digestible AA concentrations in individual ingredients. Infertile eggs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) SID of all indispensable AA except for lysine and methionine compared with culled chicks. The SID of all indispensable AA except for tryptophan was not different between culled chicks and the mixture. The calculated apparent and standardized ileal digestible AA in the mixture were not different from the determined values, but calculated ileal digestible tryptophan in the mixture was less (P &lt; 0.05) than the measured value. In conclusion, ileal digestibility of most indispensable AA in infertile eggs is greater than that in culled chicks and ileal digestible AA values are additive in the mixture except for tryptophan.
PSVIII-37 Late-Breaking Abstract: Effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement and (or) an energy supplement on the abundance of SLC7A5 transporter in beef heifer placentomes at d 83 of gestation
Authors: Menezes Ana Clara B , McCarthy Kacie L , Kassetas Cierrah J , Baumgaertner Friederike , Kirsch James D , Dorsam Sheri T , Neville Tammi L , Ward Alison K , Borowicz Pawel P , Reynolds Lawrence P , Sedivec Kevin K , Forcherio J Chris , Scott Ronald , Caton Joel , Dahlen Carl R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate effects of vitamin and mineral (VTM) and (or) energy (NRG) supplements on the abundance of the neutral amino acid (AA) transporter SLC7A5 in heifer placentomes at d 83 of gestation. Thirty-five crossbred Angus heifers (Body weight = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 8 or 9/group) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of vitamin and mineral (NoVTM or VTM) and energy (NoNRG or NRG) supplements. The VTM treatment was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). The NRG treatment was initiated at AI. Heifers were ovariohysterectomized at d 83 of gestation. Placentome cross sections (5 μm) were mounted onto glass slides, deparaffinized, and stained for SLC7A5. Fluorescent images of tissue areas including fetal membranes, caruncles (CAR), endometrial epithelium (EP), superficial glands (SG), deep glands (DG), and myometrium were obtained and analyzed for relative intensity of fluorescence within the areas of interest as an indicator of transporter abundance. The abundance of SLC7A5 was influenced by a VTM × NRG interaction (P = 0.05) in DG, with NoVTM-NRG being greater than heifers receiving VTM. Abundance of SLC7A5 was not influenced by NRG (P &gt; 0.12) in any structures evaluated. In EP and SG abundance of SLC7A5 was less (P ≤ 0.05) in VTM than NoVTM heifers and tended to be less in CAR (P = 0.07). Our previous work revealed no differences in maternal serum AA concentrations, but VTM heifers had greater AA concentrations in allantoic fluid than NoVTM. We hypothesize that transporter efficiency may be reduced in NoVTM heifers, with greater transporter abundance being a mechanism of compensation to supply AA to the fetus. Together, these data help to further elucidate mechanisms of AA uptake and balance between the maternal and fetal compartments.
PSX-33 Late-Breaking Abstract: Productive longevity of Holstein cows and causes of their replacement
Authors: Abylgazinova Aizhan , Shamshidin Alzhan , Yesseyeva Gainiya , Serikbaeva Aliya , Ayupova Almagul , Tilepova Assel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the main ways to increase the milk production of cows and extend the terms of their use is targeted breeding work. Currently, the long-term economic use of cows on average in Kazakhstan is 3.2 lactations. Thus, cows do not live up to 4–6 lactation, when the highest productivity is manifested and the costs of raising heifers, pregnant heifers and keeping productive animals pay off. (Komarov V.Y, 2019)In this regard, we studied the duration of the economic use of cows, taking into account their lifelong productivity. Objective and research technique. The purpose is to study the duration of the productive use of cows and the reasons for their replacement at Aina Dairy Farm LLP. The subjects of this research were 631 Holstein cows. An analysis of the reasons for culling cows at Aina Dairy Farm LLP showed that up to 25% of cows were replaced with udder diseases, up to 50% with hoof and limb diseases, up to 15% with reproductive dysfunctions, and only 10% in terms of productivity and age. Cows who left during the first lactation and didn’t manage to recoup the costs of growing, which caused a loss to farms, make up 30% of all rejected. Cows who left on the second lactation and only recouped their own costs and didn’t bring profit, make up 25%. (Serikbaeva A.K.,Tilepova A.K.,2020) To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: identifying the reasons for the cows to be replaced, determining the replacement age, calculating productive longevity and the dynamics of its change in calving. Analysis of productive longevity showed that a large number of cows are replaced from the herd during the first and second lactation, mainly due to health problems associated with metabolism. The main cause of morbidity is feeding, milking and milking conditions.