bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal reliability and failure analysis of ethernet based communication networks in a smart grid substation
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Hasan Osman , Tahar Sofiène 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSecure and continuous operation of a smart grid substation mainly depends upon the reliable functioning of its communication network. The communication system of a smart substation is typically based on a high performance Ethernet communication network that connects various intelligent embedded devices, such as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) andMerging Units (MU), to ensure continuous monitoring, automation and efficient demand response of the smart substation. Traditionally, Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) and Fault Tree (FT) methods are used to develop reliability and failure models for these communication networks by considering the failure characteristics of their substation intelligent embedded devices and other components, like transformers and circuit breakers. These resulting reliability and failure models are then analyzed using paper-and-pencil methods or computer simulations, but they cannot assure accuracy in the analysis due to their inherent limitations. As an accurate alternative, we propose a methodology, based on higher-order logic theorem proving, for conducting the formal RBD and FT-based reliability and failure analysis of smart substation communication networks, respectively. This paper also describes a sound transformation of smart grid FT models to their equivalent RBDs - a well-known method to reduce the complexity of FT-based failure analysis. Some ML-based tactics have been developed to automatically compute the reliability and failure probability of smart grid substations for practical purposes.
Assessing differences in household needs: a comparison of approaches for the estimation of equivalence scales using German expenditure data
Authors: Dudel Christian , Garbuszus Jan Marvin , Schmied Julian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEquivalence scales are routinely applied to adjust the income of households of different sizes and compositions. Because of their practical importance for the measurement of inequality and poverty, a large number of methods for the estimation of equivalence scales have been proposed. Until now, however, no comprehensive comparison of current methods has been conducted. In this paper, we employ German household expenditure data to estimate equivalence scales using several parametric, semiparametric, and nonparametric approaches. Using a single dataset, we find that some approaches yield more plausible results than others while implausible scales are mostly based on linear Engel curves. The results we consider plausible are close to the modified OECD scale, and to the square root scale for larger households.
A randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory study of the effects of D-cycloserine on sexual memory consolidation in women
Authors: Both S. , Van Veen R. J. B. , Brom M. , Weijenborg P. T. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rationale and objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible facilitating effect of the partial NMDA receptor agonist D-cycloserine (DCS) on memory consolidation of conditioned sexual responses and to examine the capability of DCS to reduce context-specificity of learning.

Methods
In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial, 50 healthy females were exposed to a differential conditioning procedure. Two pictures of a male abdomen were used as conditional stimuli (CSs), of which one (the CS+) was followed by the unconditional stimulus (US), a genital vibrotactile stimulus. After the conditioning session on day 1, participants received either 125 mg of DCS or a placebo. The effects of DCS on affect, sexual arousal and US expectancy in response to the CS+ and CS− were examined 24 h after the conditioning procedure.

Results
A main effect of DCS was found on affect at the first test trials (p = 0.04, ηp2 = 0.09), and a similar non-significant but trend level effect was found for sexual arousal (p = 0.06, ηp2 = 0.07), which appeared to persist over a longer time (p = 0.07, ηp2 = 0.08). Unexpectedly, ratings of positive affect and sexual arousal in response to both the CS+ and the CS− were higher in the DCS condition compared to the control condition, possibly indicating that DCS administration reduced stimulus specificity. Since the results did not show clear evidence for context learning, we were not able to test effects on context-specificity of learning.

Conclusion
Although largely inconclusive, the results provide tentative support for a facilitating effect of DCS on affect and sexual arousal in response to stimuli that were presented in a sexual conditioning procedure, however, no conclusions can be drawn about effects of DCS on sexual reward learning, since the design and results do not lend themselves to unambiguous interpretation.
Role of viruses in asthma
Authors: Jartti Tuomas , Bønnelykke Klaus , Elenius Varpu , Feleszko Wojciech 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRespiratory viral infections are the most important triggers of asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus (RV), the common cold virus, is clearly the most prevalent pathogen constantly circulating in the community. This virus also stands out from other viral factors due to its large diversity (about 170 genotypes), very effective replication, a tendency to create Th2-biased inflammatory environment and association with specific risk genes in people predisposed to asthma development (CDHR3). Decreased interferon responses, disrupted airway epithelial barrier, environmental exposures (including biased airway microbiome), and nutritional deficiencies (low in vitamin D and fish oil) increase risk to RV and other virus infections. It is intensively debated whether viral illnesses actually cause asthma. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading causative agent of bronchiolitis, whereas RV starts to dominate after 1 year of age. Breathing difficulty induced by either of these viruses is associated with later asthma, but the risk is higher for those who suffer from severe RV-induced wheezing. The asthma development associated with these viruses has unique mechanisms, but in general, RV is a risk factor for later atopic asthma, whereas RSV is more likely associated with later non-atopic asthma. Treatments that inhibit inflammation (corticosteroids, omalizumab) effectively decrease RV-induced wheezing and asthma exacerbations. The anti-RSV monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, decreases the risk of severe RSV illness and subsequent recurrent wheeze. A better understanding of personal and environmental risk factors and inflammatory mechanisms leading to asthma is crucial in developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of asthma.
Robust Reoptimization of Steiner Trees
Authors: Goyal Keshav , Mömke Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn reoptimization, one is given an optimal solution to a problem instance and a (locally) modified instance. The goal is to obtain a solution for the modified instance. We aim to use information obtained from the given solution in order to obtain a better solution for the new instance than we are able to compute from scratch. In this paper, we consider Steiner tree reoptimization and address the optimality requirement of the provided solution. Instead of assuming that we are provided an optimal solution, we relax the assumption to the more realistic scenario where we are given an approximate solution with an upper bound on its performance guarantee. We show that for Steiner tree reoptimization there is a clear separation between local modifications where optimality is crucial for obtaining improved approximations and those instances where approximate solutions are acceptable starting points. For some of the local modifications that have been considered in previous research, we show that for every fixed $$\varepsilon > 0$$

ε
>
0

, approximating the reoptimization problem with respect to a given $$(1+\varepsilon )$$

(
1
+
ε
)

-approximation is as hard as approximating the Steiner tree problem itself. In contrast, with a given optimal solution to the original problem it is known that one can obtain considerably improved results. Furthermore, we provide a new algorithmic technique that, with some further insights, allows us to obtain improved performance guarantees for Steiner tree reoptimization with respect to all remaining local modifications that have been considered in the literature: a required node of degree more than one becomes a Steiner node; a Steiner node becomes a required node; the cost of one edge is increased.
Arrangements of Pseudocircles: Triangles and Drawings
Authors: Felsner Stefan , Scheucher Manfred 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA pseudocircle is a simple closed curve on the sphere or in the plane. The study of arrangements of pseudocircles was initiated by Grünbaum, who defined them as collections of simple closed curves that pairwise intersect in exactly two crossings. Grünbaum conjectured that the number of triangular cells $$p_3$$

p
3

in digon-free arrangements of n pairwise intersecting pseudocircles is at least $$2n-4$$

2
n
-
4

. We present examples to disprove this conjecture. With a recursive construction based on an example with 12 pseudocircles and 16 triangles we obtain a family of intersecting digon-free arrangements with $$p_3({\mathscr {A}})/n \rightarrow 16/11 = 1.\overline{45}$$

p
3

(
A
)

/
n
→
16
/
11
=
1
.

45
¯

. We expect that the lower bound $$p_3({\mathscr {A}}) \ge 4n/3$$

p
3

(
A
)

≥
4
n
/
3

is tight for infinitely many simple arrangements. It may however be true that all digon-free arrangements of n pairwise intersecting circles have at least $$2n-4$$

2
n
-
4

triangles. For pairwise intersecting arrangements with digons we have a lower bound of $$p_3 \ge 2n/3$$

p
3

≥
2
n
/
3

, and conjecture that $$p_3 \ge n-1$$

p
3

≥
n
-
1

. Concerning the maximum number of triangles in pairwise intersecting arrangements of pseudocircles, we show that $$p_3 \le \frac{4}{3}\left( {\begin{array}{c}n\\ 2\end{array}}\right) +O(n)$$

p
3

≤

4
3

n

2

+
O

(
n
)

. This is essentially best possible because there are families of pairwise intersecting arrangements of n pseudocircles with $$p_3 = \frac{4}{3}\left( {\begin{array}{c}n\\ 2\end{array}}\right) $$

p
3

=

4
3

n

2

. The paper contains many drawings of arrangements of pseudocircles and a good fraction of these drawings was produced automatically from the combinatorial data produced by our generation algorithm. In the final section we describe some aspects of the drawing algorithm.
Evolution of artificial spawning sites for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta): field studies and numerical modelling in Aurland, Norway
Authors: Hauer C. , Pulg U. , Reisinger F. , Flödl P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe presented study investigates the evolution of artificial gravel placements for Atlantic salmon and sea trout in Aurlandselva in Western Norway. Various monitoring methods have been applied including (i) quantifying the spatial extent and dynamics of spawning sites over the monitoring period, (ii) grain size distributions as well as (iii) applying numerical hydraulic and sediment transport modelling with the aim to test the predictability of such numerical tools. The spawning sites were not clogged by fine sediments, but were reshaped due to scouring and sediment transport. The scouring resulted in a volume loss of the gravel banks between 32 and 95% in the monitoring period of 5 years. The application of hydrodynamic-numerical modelling, however, showed that the modelling methods were not sufficient to predict erosion of the gravel or the site. The study showed that the areas are sensitive especially to local scale micro-topographical roughness elements. The complex three-dimensional hydraulic processes and the coarse substrate in the non-fluvial river environment makes it impracticable for multi-dimensional modelling to predict dynamics of gravel. A novel sediment criterion was introduced to estimate the near-bottom turbulence by relating thedmof introduced gravel compared to thed90of the bed surface substrate composition.
Performance of the Hypotension Prediction Index with non-invasive arterial pressure waveforms in non-cardiac surgical patients
Authors: Maheshwari Kamal , Buddi Sai , Jian Zhongping , Settels Jos , Shimada Tetsuya , Cohen Barak , Sessler Daniel I. , Hatib Feras 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn algorithm derived from machine learning uses the arterial waveform to predict intraoperative hypotension some minutes before episodes, possibly giving clinician’s time to intervene and prevent hypotension. Whether the Hypotension Prediction Index works well with noninvasive arterial pressure waveforms remains unknown. We therefore evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the Index based on non-invasive arterial waveform estimates. We used continuous hemodynamic data measured from ClearSight (formerly Nexfin) noninvasive finger blood pressure monitors in surgical patients. We re-evaluated data from a trial that included 320 adults ≥ 45 years old designated ASA physical status 3 or 4 who had moderate-to-high-risk non-cardiac surgery with general anesthesia. We calculated sensitivity and specificity for predicting hypotension, defined as mean arterial pressure ≤ 65 mmHg for at least 1 min, and characterized the relationship with receiver operating characteristics curves. We also evaluated the number of hypotensive events at various ranges of the Hypotension Prediction Index. And finally, we calculated the positive predictive value for hypotension episodes when the Prediction Index threshold was 85. The algorithm predicted hypotension 5 min in advance, with a sensitivity of 0.86 [95% confidence interval 0.82, 0.89] and specificity 0.86 [0.82, 0.89]. At 10 min, the sensitivity was 0.83 [0.79, 0.86] and the specificity was 0.83 [0.79, 0.86]. And at 15 min, the sensitivity was 0.75 [0.71, 0.80] and the specificity was 0.75 [0.71, 0.80]. The positive predictive value of the algorithm prediction at an Index threshold of 85 was 0.83 [0.79, 0.87]. A Hypotension Prediction Index of 80–89 provided a median of 6.0 [95% confidence interval 5.3, 6.7] minutes warning before mean arterial pressure decreased to < 65 mmHg. The Hypotension Prediction Index, which was developed and validated with invasive arterial waveforms, predicts intraoperative hypotension reasonably well from non-invasive estimates of the arterial waveform. Hypotension prediction, along with appropriate management, can potentially reduce intraoperative hypotension. Being able to use the non-invasive pressure waveform will widen the range of patients who might benefit.Clinical Trial Number: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02872896.
Structure and Raman spectra of binary barium phosphate glasses
Authors: Hruška Branislav , Dagupati Rajesh , Chromčíková Mária , Nowicka Aleksandra , Michálková Jaroslava , Peterson Jacob A. , Liška Marek , Munoz Francisco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe structure ofxBaO·(1 − x) P2O5(x = 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, and 0.50) glasses was studied by Raman spectroscopy and thermodynamic model Shakhmatkin and Vedishcheva (SVTDM). The seven system components (defined as stable crystalline phases of the BaO–P2O5binary phase diagram) were considered in the SVTDM: BaO, P2O5, 4BaO·P2O5(B4P), 3BaO·P2O5(B3P), 2BaO·P2O5(B2P), BaO·P2O5(BP), and BaO·2 P2O5(BP2). Only the equilibrium molar abundances of BP and BP2 were non-negligible in all studied glass compositions. Therefore, in the next step, multivariate curve analysis (MCR) of the baseline—subtracted, thermally—corrected experimental Raman spectra, was performed for two components (BP2 and BP). MCR resulted in the Raman spectra (loadings) and relative abundances (scores) of each considered component. The MCR method reproduced 98.93% of the spectral data variance. Then, the decomposition of Malfait was used. The perfect fit between the MCR loadings and the partial Raman spectra of BP2 and BP, obtained by Malfait’s decomposition, was found, confirming the validity of thermodynamic model.
One-year Mediterranean diet promotes epigenetic rejuvenation with country- and sex-specific effects: a pilot study from the NU-AGE project
Authors: Gensous Noémie , Garagnani Paolo , Santoro Aurelia , Giuliani Cristina , Ostan Rita , Fabbri Cristina , Milazzo Maddalena , Gentilini Davide , di Blasio Anna Maria , Pietruszka Barbara , Madej Dawid , Bialecka-Debek Agata , Brzozowska Anna , Franceschi Claudio , Bacalini Maria Giulia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMediterranean diet has been proposed to promote healthy aging, but its effects on aging biomarkers have been poorly investigated. We evaluated the impact of a 1-year Mediterranean-like diet in a pilot study including 120 elderly healthy subjects from the NU-AGE study (60 Italians, 60 Poles) by measuring the changes in their epigenetic age, assessed by Horvath’s clock. We observed a trend towards epigenetic rejuvenation of participants after nutritional intervention. The effect was statistically significant in the group of Polish females and in subjects who were epigenetically older at baseline. A genome-wide association study of epigenetic age changes after the intervention did not return significant (adjusted p value < 0.05) loci. However, we identified small-effect alleles (nominal p value < 10–4), mapping in genes enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, regulation of cell cycle, and of immune functions. Together, these findings suggest that Mediterranean diet can promote epigenetic rejuvenation but with country-, sex-, and individual-specific effects, thus highlighting the need for a personalized approach to nutritional interventions.
Technologie-mediierte Einstellungsinterviews: Ein Überblick über Befunde und offene Fragen
Authors: Basch Johannes M. , Melchers Klaus G. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) fasst bisherige Forschung zu technologie-mediierten Interviews zusammen und gibt darauf aufbauend Empfehlungen für weitere Forschung und die Praxis. Durch die Digitalisierung und den technologischen Fortschritt hat sich auch die Art und Weise verändert, wie Vorstellungsgespräche geführt werden. Technologie-mediierte Alternativen zu klassischen Face-to-Face-Interviews haben sich in der Personalauswahl teilweise etabliert. In unserem Artikel wollen wir einen Überblick über den bisherigen Stand der Forschung zu solchen technologie-mediierten Interviews geben. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, dass Bewerber in den meisten Formen von technologie-mediierten Interviews schlechter abschneiden und diese auch schlechter akzeptieren als FTF-Interviews. Die Gründe für diese Unterschiede sind jedoch weitestgehend ungeklärt. Zudem wird die Validität von verschiedenen Formen der Interview-Durchführung beleuchtet. Abschließend benennen wir wichtige Forschungslücken und leiten auf Basis bisheriger Ergebnisse Empfehlungen für die Praxis ab.
SEOM clinical guidelines for cervical cancer (2019)
Authors: de Juan A. , Redondo A. , Rubio M. J. , García Y. , Cueva J. , Gaba L. , Yubero A. , Alarcón J. , Maximiano C. , Oaknin A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, strongly linked to high-risk human papilloma virus infection. In high-income countries, the screening programs have dramatically decreased the incidence of CC; however, the lack of accessibility to them in developing countries makes CC an important cause of mortality. Clinical stage is the most relevant prognostic factor in CC. The new FIGO staging system published in 2018 is more accurate than the previous one since it takes into account the lymph node status. In early stages, the primary treatment is surgery—with some concerns recently raised regarding minimally invasive surgery because it might decrease survival—or radiotherapy, whereas concomitant chemo-radiotherapy is the conventional approach in locally advanced stages. For recurrent or metastatic CC, the combination of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab is the preferred therapy. Immunotherapy approach based on checkpoint inhibitors is evolving as the election therapy following failure to platinum therapy.
SEOM clinical guideline on hereditary colorectal cancer (2019)
Authors: Guillén-Ponce C. , Lastra E. , Lorenzo-Lorenzo I. , Martín Gómez T. , Morales Chamorro R. , Sánchez-Heras A. B. , Serrano R. , Soriano Rodríguez M. C. , Soto J. L. , Robles L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the last 2 decades, clinical genetics on hereditary colorectal syndromes has shifted from just a molecular characterization of the different syndromes to the estimation of the individual risk of cancer and appropriate risk reduction strategies. In the last years, new specific therapies for some subgroups of patients have emerged as very effective alternatives. At the same time, germline multigene panel testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has become the new gold standard for molecular genetics.
Solvent and Rotating Bed Reactor Extraction with One- and Two-Phase Solvents Applied to Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) for Isolating Valuable Antioxidants
Authors: Nyström Josefina , Östman Ulla-Britt , Mossing Torgny , Hed Leif , Geladi Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtraction of antioxidants from bilberries using solvent extraction and the novel rotating bed reactor (RBR) both with one-phase (ethanol and water) and two-phase (ethanol and water +salt) solvents was studied. Solids, ethanol, and temperature settings in an experimental design were monitored for 1 h. The measured responses were (1) polyphenol concentration, (2) visible-near infrared spectra, and (3) HPLC measurement. The (1) responses were used for making response surfaces in time and the spectra (2) could confirm these results. The HPLC results (3) confirmed the results of 1 and 2 but were found unsuitable for online monitoring. The RBR was better than traditional extraction and 16 min sufficed. The response surfaces showed an optimal concentration of ethanol, temperatures above 50 °C gave the best results, and high loads of solid were beneficial. Two-phase extraction was less efficient. The methodology could be transferred to larger scale extraction systems to improve yield and save on reagents/energy cost.
Lapidary production in the eastern Caribbean: a typo-technological and microwear study of ornaments from the site of Pearls, Grenada
Authors: Guzzo Falci Catarina , Knaf Alice C. S. , van Gijn Annelou , Davies Gareth R. , Hofman Corinne L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present paper examines bodily ornaments made of semiprecious lithic materials from the site of Pearls on the island of Grenada. The site was an important node in long-distance interaction networks at play between circum-Caribbean communities during the first centuries of the Common Era. Pearls was an amethyst bead-making workshop and a gateway to South America, from where certain lapidary raw materials likely originated. The importance of the site for regional archaeology and local stakeholders cannot be overstated. However, it has undergone severe destruction and looting over the decades. Here, we present a study of a private collection of ornaments from Pearls, which combines raw material identification, typo-technological analysis and microwear analysis. We identify great diversity in lithologies and in techniques adapted to their working properties. Multiple abrasive techniques for sawing, grinding, polishing and carving are identified. Furthermore, the use of ornaments is examined for the first time. Finally, we contrast our dataset to other Antillean sites and propose management patterns for each raw material. Our approach ultimately provides new insights on ornament making at Pearls and on its role in regional networks.