bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles inhibit human glioblastoma stem cells growth in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell growth in vivo
Authors: Kabir Syed Rashel , Dai Zhi , Nurujjaman M. , Cui Xiaoyue , Asaduzzaman A. K. M. , Sun Bin , Zhang Xianning , Dai Hongjuan , Zhao Xudong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe importance of biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles has become increasing day by day. In the present study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl‐NPs) were synthesized from Kaempferia rotunda tuberous rhizome extract to evaluate the antiproliferative activity against human glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vivo in mice. Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by colour change and UV‐visible spectrum and characterized by TEM, XRD, TGA, AFM and FTIR. K rotunda and recently synthesized Zizyphus mauritiana fruit extract‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs inhibited 77.2% and 71% of GSCs growth at 32 µg/mL concentration with the IC50 values of 6.8 and 10.4 µg/mL, respectively. Cell morphological studies and caspase‐3 immunofluorescence assay revealed that both biogenic nanoparticles induced apoptosis in GSCs. Expression levels of several genes were checked by real‐time PCR after treatment with K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. PARP, EGFR, NOTCH2 and STAT3 gene expression were decreased with the increase of NFκB, TLR9, IL1, TNFα, IKK and p21 gene that would be the cause of induction of apoptosis in GSCs. The cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase was confirmed by flow cytometric assay. Both nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally to rapidly growing EAC cells for 5 consecutive days. Approximately, 32.3% and 55% EAC cells growth were inhibited by K rotunda tuberous rhizome‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs at 6 and 12 mg/kg/day doses, respectively while only 20% cell growth inhibition was monitored at 12 mg/kg/day dose of Z mauritiana‐mediated Ag/AgCl‐NPs. From the above results, it can be concluded that presently synthesized nanoparticles would be a potent anticancer agent.
Identification of HN252 as a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase PPM1B
Authors: Lu Zhiyuan , Xiao Peng , Zhou Yuan , Li Zhenyu , Yu Xiao , Sun Jinpeng , Shen Yuemao , Zhao Baobing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtein phosphatase 1B (PPM1B), a member of metal‐dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase family, is involved in the regulation of several signalling pathways. However, our understanding of its substrate interaction and physiological functions is still largely limited. There is no reported PPM1B inhibitor to date. In this study, we identified HN252, a p‐terphenyl derivative, as a potent PPM1B inhibitor (Ki = 0.52 ± 0.06 µM). HN252 binding to PPM1B displayed remarkable and specific inhibition of PPM1B in both in vitro and ex vivo. With the aid of this small molecular inhibitor, we identified 30 proteins’ serine/threonine phosphorylation as potential substrates of PPM1B, 5 of which were demonstrated by immunoprecipitation, including one known (CDK2) and 4 novel ones (AKT1, HSP90B, β‐catenin and BRCA1). Furthermore, GO and KEGG analysis of dramatically phosphorylated proteins by PPM1B inhibition indicated that PPM1B plays roles in the regulation of multiple cellular processes and signalling pathways, such as gene transcription, inflammatory regulation, ageing and tumorigenesis. Our work provides novel insights into further investigation of molecular mechanisms of PPM1B.
Volumetric soft tissue alterations in the early healing phase after peri‐ implant soft tissue contour augmentation with a porcine collagen matrix versus the autologous connective tissue graft: A controlled clinical trial
Authors: Schmitt Christian M. , Brückbauer Patrick , Schlegel Karl A. , Buchbender Mayte , Adler Werner , Matta Ragai E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study evaluates the early volumetric changes after buccal soft tissue contour augmentation around implants with a porcine collagen matrix (CM) vs. the subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) from the palate.Materials and methods14 patients were enrolled after early implant placement with simultaneous contour augmentation and persistent buccal tissue deficits. At implant exposure, buccal soft tissues were thickened with the CM (n = 7) or the SCTG (n = 7). Impressions were taken before and after surgery, after ten days, one, three and six months. Impressions were digitized and augmented regions 3D evaluated (soft tissue volume (mm3, %)/thickness (mm)).ResultsVolume increase (mm3) after 6 months was 19.56 ± 8.95 mm3 (CM) and 61.75 ± 52.69 mm3 (SCTG) (insignificant, p = .058). In percentage, this was a volume loss of the initially augmented soft tissue volume (100%) of 81.76% in the CM group and 56.39% in the SCTG group (6 months). The mean soft tissue thickness increase (mm) in the buccal contour after 6 months was 0.30 ± 0.16 mm (CM) and 0.80 ± 0.61 mm (SCTG) (insignificant, p = .071).ConclusionThe early healing phase is associated with a significant volume loss of the soft tissues. The SCTG shows insignificant superiority compared to the CM.
No relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits: evidence using anogenital distance and penile length measurements at birth and 3 months of age
Authors: Kung Karson T.F. , Thankamony Ajay , Ong Ken K.L. , Acerini Carlo L. , Dunger David B. , Hughes Ieuan A. , Hines Melissa 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundAutism is more prevalent in males than in females. Hypotheses related to the extreme male brain theory of autism suggest that heightened androgen exposure during early development contributes to autistic traits. Whilst prior research focused mostly on the prenatal period, the current study tests the influences of androgen exposure during both the prenatal and the early postnatal periods on autistic traits during childhood.MethodsAnthropometric measures that are putative biomarkers of early androgen exposure were employed. Anogenital distance (AGD) was measured at birth and 3 months of age in boys and girls. Penile length at birth and 3 months of age was also measured in boys. When the children were 9–13 years old, a parent‐reported questionnaire (the 10‐item children’s version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient; AQ‐10 Child) was used to assess autistic traits in 97 boys and 110 girls.ResultsThere were no significant associations between any of the AGD or penile length measures and scores on the AQ‐10 Child in boys, girls or the entire sample.ConclusionsThe current study provides the first test of whether early measurements of AGD and/or penile length predict subsequent autistic traits. The current findings do not support a relationship between prenatal or early postnatal androgen exposure and autistic traits. The current study augments prior research showing no consistent relationship between early androgen exposure and autistic traits.
Unlicensed and off‐label prescription of drugs to children in primary health care: A systematic review
Authors: Andrade Sara Raquel Almeida , Santos Priscila Abigail Nascimento de Moraes , Andrade Paulo Henrique Santos , da Silva Wellington Barros 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate unlicensed and off‐label prescription and use of drugs to children in primary health care.MethodsThis is a systematic review that was written based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA). The studies were extracted from the databases: LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus. Studies in English, Spanish or Portuguese with abstract available regarding the use and prescription of off‐label and unlicensed drugs to children aged 0‐18 years in primary health care were included. The evaluation of the titles, abstracts and Full‐text were performed independently by two reviewers, and the divergences were resolved by a third reviewer.ResultsSix studies were included. The incidence of off‐label prescription varied from 29.5% to 51.7% in relation to the total number of drugs prescribed. The prevalence of off‐label drugs ranged from 31.7% to 93.5% in relation to the total number of drugs prescribed. It was observed a higher proportion of off‐label prescription related to age and dose. For unlicensed drugs, there was a small variation in incidence between 2.4% and 3.9%, relative to the total number of prescriptions, or between 2.4% and 10.0%, relative to the sample size. It was observed a higher proportion of unlicensed prescription related to children under 2 years of age.ConclusionsThe unlicensed and off‐label prescription of drugs is recurring in the pediatric population of primary health care. It is necessary to have better information on these drugs by the regulatory agencies and the pharmaceutical industries for rational use of drugs in children.
Bone Mineral Density in Older U.S. Filipino, Chinese, Japanese, and White Women
Authors: Lo Joan C. , Chandra Malini , Lee Catherine , Darbinian Jeanne A. , Ramaswamy Mohan , Ettinger Bruce 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESBone mineral density (BMD) reference data exist for U.S. White, Black, and Hispanic (Mexican American) populations but not for U.S. Asians. Few studies have compared BMD findings among different U.S. Asian ethnicities.DESIGNRetrospective observational study.SETTINGLarge northern California healthcare system.PARTICIPANTSAsian and White women aged 50 to 79 years with BMD testing from 1998 to 2017 excluding those with estrogen or osteoporosis treatment, recent fracture, or select disorders affecting skeletal health.MEASUREMENTSFemoral neck (FN)‐BMD and height data.METHODSDifferences in FN‐BMD were examined by ethnicity and age, comparing Filipino, Chinese, and Japanese women and non‐Hispanic White women. Differences in BMD were also examined after adjustment for height.RESULTSThere were 37,224 Asian women (including 11,147 Filipino, 10,648 Chinese, and 2,519 Japanese) and 115,318 non‐Hispanic White women. Mean height was similar among the Asian subgroups and about 6 to 8 cm lower than Whites. Mean FN‐BMDs differed by less than 3% for Filipino, Chinese, and Japanese and all were lower than Whites, with smaller Asian‐White differences among younger women (<3%; ages 50–59) and larger differences among older women (6–8%; ages 65–79). Adjusting FN‐BMD for height reduced White‐Asian differences by about 30% to 40%.CONCLUSIONMean FN‐BMD and height for Filipino, Chinese, and Japanese women were similar but consistently lower than White women, especially among older women. Although Asian‐White BMD differences were substantially attenuated after height adjustment; some differences persisted for older women. Future studies should investigate potential age‐cohort effects and the extent to which these BMD differences influence fracture risk and clinical care.
The Cost of a Fall Among Older Adults Requiring Emergency Services
Authors: Newgard Craig D. , Lin Amber , Caughey Aaron B. , Eckstrom Elizabeth , Bulger Eileen M. , Staudenmayer Kristan , Maughan Brandon , Malveau Susan , Griffiths Denise , McConnell K. John 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEThe cost of a fall among older adults requiring emergency services is unclear, especially beyond the acute care period. We evaluated medical expenditures (costs) to 1 year among community‐dwelling older adults who fell and required ambulance transport, including acute versus post‐acute periods, the primary drivers of cost, and comparison to baseline expenditures.DESIGNRetrospective cohort analysis.SETTINGForty‐four emergency medical services agencies transporting to 51 emergency department in seven northwest counties from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2011, with follow‐up through December 31, 2012.PARTICIPANTSWe included 2,494 community‐dwelling adults, 65 years and older, transported by ambulance after a fall with continuous fee‐for‐service Medicare coverage.MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was total Medicare expenditures to 1 year (2019 U.S. dollars), with separation by acute versus post‐acute periods and by cost category. We included 48 variables in a standardized risk‐adjustment model to generate adjusted cost estimates.RESULTSThe median age was 83 years, with 74% female, and 41.9% requiring admission during the index visit. The median total cost of a fall to 1 year was $26,143 (interquartile range (IQR) = $9,634–$68,086), including acute care median $1,957 (IQR = $1,298–$12,924) and post‐acute median $20,560 (IQR = $5,673–$58,074). Baseline costs for the previous year were median $8,642 (IQR = $479–$10,948). Costs increased across all categories except outpatient, with the largest increase for inpatient costs (baseline median $0 vs postfall median $9,477). In multivariable analysis, the following were associated with higher costs: high baseline costs, older age, comorbidities, extremity fractures (lower extremity, pelvis, and humerus), noninjury diagnoses, and surgical interventions. Compared with baseline, costs increased for 74.6% of patients, with a median increase of $12,682 (IQR = −$185 to $51,189).CONCLUSIONOlder adults who fall and require emergency services have increased healthcare expenditures compared with baseline, particularly during the post‐acute period. Comorbidities, noninjury medical conditions, fracture type, and surgical interventions were independently associated with increased costs.
Demonstration of the dangerous nature of ‘homemade’ sunscreen recipes
Authors: Couteau Céline , Dupont Coraline , Paparis Eva , Coiffard Laurence J. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundFollowing a growing mistrust in a certain number of ingredients used by the cosmetic industry, it has become popular in recent years for consumers to make their own products at home. This trend now touches on all areas of the industry, but is especially found in the hygiene sector, with shampoos and toothpaste, and the care sector, with moisturizers and sunscreen, products.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to analyze sunscreen recipes found on the Internet and to assess their level of photoprotective efficacy.Materials and MethodsFifteen Internet recipes were chosen, and then, the products were made in the laboratory following the protocols described. Using an in vitro method, the following efficacy indicators were determined for the preparations made: the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), the Production Factor in the UVA domain (PF‐UVA), and the critical wavelength (λc).ResultsThree of the 15 recipes studied do not contain any sunscreen and therefore constitute a major risk for users in case of exposure to the sun. The other 12 cannot be considered as sun protection products since all of them have an SPF under 6, the threshold value required in Europe.ConclusionThe recipes that we collected on the Internet are very dangerous since some of them have no photoprotective effect whatsoever and most of them do not ensure a sufficient level of photoprotection for the persons using them.
Sexuality in people living with a serious mental illness: A meta‐synthesis of qualitative evidence
Authors: Hortal‐Mas Roger , Moreno‐Poyato Antonio Rafael , Granel‐Giménez Nina , Roviralta‐Vilella Maria , Watson‐Badia Carolina , Gómez‐Ibáñez Rebeca , Aguayo‐González Mariela Patricia , Giménez‐Díez David , Bernabeu‐Tamayo Maria Dolores , Leyva‐Moral Juan Manuel 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject

A serious mental illness influences sexual life and people affected have worries about their sexual health.

People living with a serious mental illness can and want to participate in interventions related to sexual health.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

People who suffer a serious mental illness are interested in maintaining an active sex life.

People who suffer a serious mental illness experience rejection when they open up and they lose intimate relationships or possibilities of meeting other people because of ignorance and prejudices surrounding mental health.

What are the implications for practice

Mental health services must respond to this need, that is including sexual needs assessment among routine standard practices or training nurses on sexual education to allow them to advise patients and their families and friends.

Health systems should promote awareness programmes and reduce the stigma surrounding mental health and sexuality.

AbstractIntroductionSexuality‐related nursing care is scarce and mainly focuses on biological issues. There is also a lack of knowledge about how serious mental illnesses affect sexuality.AimTo explain how people with a serious mental illness perceive and experience their sexuality.MethodA meta‐synthesis was conducted to integrate qualitative studies. Four databases were used to perform the search, focused in the last ten years. Nine articles were included, and their results analysed thematically.ResultsFour categories were identified: "Pathologized sexuality," which explains how the disorder and treatment affect sexuality; "Not my sexuality anymore,” which describes feelings emerging from the perceived limitations and the role of self‐acceptance; “Learning to manage intimate relationships,” which explains the desire to establish intimate personal relationships and define their meaning; and "Reconstructing my sexuality," which elucidates the influence of the environment on sexuality.DiscussionSexuality is influenced by several factors, the main ones being: the clinical complications, the side effects of drug treatment, the social support, the relationship with the health sector and stigma.Implications for practiceHaving a serious mental illness affects sexuality and can provoke suffering and social isolation. Mental health services should address this issue and carry out community interventions to reduce stigma.
Effects of particle size and moisture content of maize grits on physical properties of expanded snacks
Authors: Sharifi Sohrab , Majzoobi Mahsa , Farahnaky Asgar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this research was to investigate the effects of simultaneous changing of maize grits particle size and moisture content on some physical properties and microstructure of the expanded snacks produced by an industrial single screw extruder. Maize grits with different particle sizes of 212–299, 300–474, 475–680, 681–870, 871–1,016, and 1,017–1,070 μm and various moisture contents of 15, 16, 17, and 18% were used to manufacture puffed products. The samples produced with larger particle sizes and higher moisture content exhibited lower water absorption and water solubility indices and less expansion and crispiness than other samples. As microstructure results revealed, these samples showed more uneven surface and thicker cross‐section. Overall, controlling both moisture content and particle size of maize grits had significant effects on the quality of the snacks. However, the impact of changing particle size on the snack properties was greater than changing the moisture content. This research has implications in food industry in production of puffed snacks using extrusion process. The results provide practical and green methods of improving the quality of the snacks by choosing the appropriate feed particle size and moisture content. The approach introduced in this paper is easy to impediment in the food industry without the need to change extruder configuration or adding to the list of ingredients and additives.
Fast pathway ablation unmasks nodoventricular fibers in a 15‐year‐old patient with supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Izumi Gaku , Yokoshiki Hisashi , Sasaki Ryo , Chiba Yuki , Yamazawa Hirokuni , Takeda Atsuhito 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe described a 15‐year‐old boy who underwent the catheter ablation for the nodoventricular (NV) tachycardia that had difficulty in differentiation from atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia with upper common pathway. The modification of the fast pathway revealed an anterograde conduction of the NV fiber. We successfully performed the catheter ablation targeting for the right ventricular insertion site of the NV fiber.
How to implement policy: Coping with ambiguity and uncertainty
Authors: Fowler Luke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe author examines policy implementation as an exercise in coping with ambiguity (i.e., different ways of thinking about the same issues) on the one hand and uncertainty (i.e., lack of information) on the other. Functions are how implementers figure out the best way to make a policy work in practice and processes are how organizations formalize mechanisms that make behaviours more predictable. Using programme evaluation data from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and a mixed methods approach, findings identify specific implementation activities associated with both functions and processes and, while intertwined, these represent two distinct aspects of operationalizing policies. Conclusions suggest guidance on how to cope with ambiguity and uncertainty in practice, and connect functional and policy capacities to key avenues of public policy and administration scholarship.
CRISPR/Cas‐based precision genome editing via microhomology‐mediated end joining
Authors: Van Vu Tien , Thi Hai Doan Duong , Kim Jihae , Sung Yeon Woo , Thi Tran Mil , Song Young Jong , Das Swati , Kim Jae‐Yean 
Published: October 2020

SummaryGene editing and/or allele introgression with absolute precision and control appear to be the ultimate goals of genetic engineering. Precision genome editing in plants has been developed through various approaches, including oligonucleotide‐directed mutagenesis (ODM), base editing, prime editing and especially homologous recombination (HR)‐based gene targeting. With the advent of CRISPR/Cas for the targeted generation of DNA breaks (single‐stranded breaks (SSBs) or double‐stranded breaks (DSBs)), a substantial advancement in HR‐mediated precise editing frequencies has been achieved. Nonetheless, further research needs to be performed for commercially viable applications of precise genome editing; hence, an alternative innovative method for genome editing may be required. Within this scope, we summarize recent progress regarding precision genome editing mediated by microhomology‐mediated end joining (MMEJ) and discuss their potential applications in crop improvement.
Plant volatiles as cues and signals in plant communication
Authors: Ninkovic Velemir , Markovic Dimitrije , Rensing Merlin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVolatile organic compounds are important mediators of mutualistic interactions between plants and their physical and biological surroundings. Volatiles rapidly indicate competition or potential threat before these can take place, and they regulate and coordinate adaptation responses in neighbouring plants, fine‐tuning them to match the exact stress encountered. Ecological specificity and context‐dependency of plant–plant communication mediated by volatiles represent important factors that determine plant performance in specific environments. In this review, we synthesise the recent progress made in understanding the role of plant volatiles as mediators of plant interactions at the individual and community levels, highlighting the complexity of the plant receiver response to diverse volatile cues and signals and addressing how specific responses shape plant growth and survival. Finally, we outline the knowledge gaps and provide directions for future research. The complex dialogue between the emitter and receiver based on either volatile cues or signals determines the outcome of information exchange, which shapes the communication pattern between individuals at the community level and determines their ecological implications at other trophic levels.