bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Rated Health (SRH), Recovery From Work, Fatigue, and Insomnia Among Commercial Pilots in Relation to Occupational and Non-Occupational Factors
Authors: Fu Xi , Norbäck Dan , Lindgren Torsten , Janson Christer , Hu Qiansheng , Runeson-Broberg Roma 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study investigates associations between self-rated health (SRH), recovery from work, fatigue, and insomnia and work conditions, psychosocial work environment, lifestyle and sense of coherence (SOC) among commercial pilots. Methods: A standardized questionnaire was sent to all pilots in an airline company, 354 (61%) participated. Associations were analysed by ordinal and logistic regression with mutual adjustment. Results: Totally 21.8% reported low SRH, 13.0% did not recover from work during free time, 61.9% had fatigue and 70.6% had insomnia symptoms. SRH was associated with high work demands, SOC, exercise, and overweight/obesity. Recovery from work was associated with part-time work, being a co-pilot, low social support at work and SOC. Fatigue was associated with female gender, high work demands, SOC, and younger age. Insomnia was associated with low social support, SOC, and free hours after work. Moreover, insomnia was associated with flying MD80 and intercontinental flights with Airbus 330/340, using Boeing 737 as reference. Conclusion: The psychosocial environment at work is important for health among pilots and a high sense of coherence can be protective. Occupational conditions may have an influence on recovery from work, fatigue, and insomnia. Moreover exercise, being fit, working part-time and having more free hours after work could improve health.
Stepwise Lactate Kinetics in Critically Ill Patients: Prognostic,Influencing Factors,and Clinical Phenotype
Authors: Tang Bo , Su Longxiang , Li Dongkai , Wang Ye , Liu Qianqian , Shan Guangliang , Long Yun , Liu Dawei , Zhou Xiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the optimal target e of lactate kinetics at different time during the resuscitation, the factors that influence whether the kinetics achieve the goals, and the clinical implications of different clinical phenotypes. Methods: Patients with hyperlactatemia between May 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, basic organ function, hemodynamic parameters at ICU admission (T0) and at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, arterial blood lactate and blood glucose levels, cumulative clinical treatment conditions at different time points and final patient outcomes were collected. Results: A total of 3298 patients were enrolled, and the mortality rate was 12.2%. The cutoff values of lactate kinetics for prognosis at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h were 21%, 40%, 57%, 66%, and 72%. The APACHE II score, SOFA score, heart rate (HR), and blood glucose were risk factors that influenced whether the lactate kinetics attained the target goal. Based on the pattens of the lactate kinetics, eight clinical phenotypes were proposed. The odds ratios of death for clinical phenotypes VIII, IV, and II were 4.39, 4.2, and 5.27-fold of those of clinical phenotype I, respectively. Conclusion: Stepwise recovery of lactate kinetics is an important resuscitation target for patients with hyperlactatemia. The APACHE II score, SOFA score, HR, and blood glucose were independent risk factors that influenced achievement of lactate kinetic targets. The cinical phenotypes of stepwise lactate kinetics are closely related to the prognosis.
In situ study of surface species and structure over Oxide-Derived Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Chunjun , Yan Xupeng , Wu Yahui , Liu Shoujie , Sun Xiaofu , Zhu Qinggong , Feng Rongjuan , Wu Tianbin , Qian Qingli , Liu Huizhen , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jing , Han Buxing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) has been discovered as effective catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products. The real structure of the OD-Cu and surface species in the reaction process are interesting phenomena, which are not clear now. Herein, in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), 18O isotope labeling experiments, and density functional theory were employed to investigate the surface speciation and structure of the OD-Cu catalysts during CO2 electroreduction. It was found that the OD-Cu catalysts were reduced to metallic Cu(0) in the reaction. CuOx species existed on the catalyst surfaces during CO2RR, which resulted from the chemisorption of CO2 instead of active sites of the catalyst. After removing potential, Cu2O was formed on the surface of the catalyst by reaction of Cu and H2O. It was also found that Cu (100) facet can be enhanced by redox cycling treatment of the catalyst, leading to outstanding performance of the catalyst. The Faradaic efficiency(FE) for C2+ products reached up to 83.8% at current density of 341.5 mA•cm-2 at -0.9 V vs RHE. The findings of this work are very interesting knowledge in the area in electrochemical reduction of CO2. The work also demonstrates advantage and necessity of in situ experimental methods in exploring the interesting phenomena in the process of CO2RR.
Genome Analysis of the Fatal Tapeworm Sparganum Proliferum Uncovers the Cryptic Life Cycle and Mechanisms Underlying Aberrant Larval Proliferation
Authors: Kikuchi Taisei , Dayi Mehmet , Hunt Vicky , Toyoda Atsushi , Maeda Yasunobu , Kondo Yoko , de Noya Belkisyole Alarcon , Noya Oscar , Kojima Somei , Kuramochi Toshiaki , Maruyama Haruhihko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The cryptic parasite Sparganum proliferum proliferates in humans and invades tissues and organs. Only scattered cases have been reported, but S. proliferum infection is always fatal. However, S. proliferum’s phylogeny and life cycle remain enigmatic. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships between S. proliferum and other cestode species, and to examine the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity, we sequenced the entire genomes of S. proliferum and a closely related non–life-threatening tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Additionally, we performed larvae transcriptome analyses of S. proliferum plerocercoid to identify genes involved in asexual reproduction in the host. The genome sequences confirmed that the S. proliferum has experienced a clearly distinct evolutionary history from S. erinaceieuropaei. Moreover, we found that nonordinal extracellular matrix coordination allows asexual reproduction in the host, and loss of sexual maturity in S. proliferum are responsible for its fatal pathogenicity to humans. Our high-quality reference genome sequences should be valuable for future studies of pseudophyllidean tapeworm biology and parasitism.
Elevated Preoperative Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Early Adverse Outcomes in Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection Undergoing TEVAR
Authors: Zhu Hongqiao , Zhang Lei , Liang Taiping , Li Yiming , Zhou Jian , Jing Zaiping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR) of uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (uTBAD) has favorable long-term outcomes but higher early adverse events compared with the optimal medical treatment. Recently, clinical evidence concerning vascular surgery indicates that elevated preoperative systemic inflammatory response predicts adverse clinical events. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and early outcomes of (uTBAD) patients undergoing (TEVAR). Results: 216 patients diagnosed with uTBAD were included in this retrospective study between January 2015 and December 2018. The median (IQR) follow-up period was 21 (15-33) months. An early adverse event was defined as occurring within 2 years after the procedure. Median patient age was 60 (IQR, 48-68) years and 78.7% were male. Early adverse events occurred in 24 patients (11.3%). In the multivariable analysis, preoperative NLR (HR per SD, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.18; P = 0.003) was associated with 2-year adverse events. Conclusions: NLR is an independent predictive factor of early adverse events in uTBAD patients undergoing TEVAR.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the General Functioning Subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device
Authors: Babar Muneer Gohar , Bilal Sobia , Yusof Zamros Yuzadi Mohd , Chinna Karuthan , Doss Jennifer Geraldine , Pau Allan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to conduct a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the General Functioning Subscale (GF12) of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) into the Malay language. Methods: The translation and adaptation procedure of the Malay GF12 was based on the dual-panel methodology. This involved conducting a bilingual panel (providing the initial translation into Malay language) followed by a lay panel (where items are assessed for comprehension and acceptability). A mixed-methods approach with exploratory sequential study design was employed.Results: Two hundred and fifty-one families who have children in pre-schools (Tadikas) answered the Malay GF12. The KMO value for sampling adequacy was 0.81, indicating the sample was adequate for factor analysis. The Malay GF12 demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient > 0.80). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the original 12-item model did not fit very well. Alternatively, a 2-factor-6-item model showed a sufficient fit. The two constructs comprised Positive Items and Negative Items. Conclusions: The results indicate the feasibility of administering 6 of the 12 items of Malay GF12 (3 positively worded and 3 negatively worded) to measure family functioning in the Malaysian population.
Deep Polar Residual Network for Identifying Myocardial Infarction in Mce Imaging
Authors: Shen Wenqian , Xue Jingyi , Guo Yanhui , Yu Haiyuan , Chen Shuang , Wu Yan , Du Guoqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Ultrasonic diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) varies markedly among radiologists, and is also time-consuming. In addition, there is a high level of inter-observer variation in diagnosis of MI. The purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning-based model that automatically recognizes MI in myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) images, and to compare the model performance against radiologists with varying experience in echocardiography.Methods: In this study, a polar residual network (PResNet) model was employed to recognize MI segments in MCE images of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. All SD rats were randomly divided into the MI model group (n=15) and the sham group (n=10). Rats in MI model group were infarcted via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Ultimately, MCE was performed on SD rats to observe their myocardium. Left ventricle (LV) short-axis views of MCE at the basal and midpapillary muscle levels for each SD rat were divided into 6 segments separately. The PResNet model and six radiologists each diagnosed 276 MCE image segments. Masson’s trichrome staining was used as the gold standard for MI presence or absence. The PResNet model and radiologist diagnostic performance were evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Furthermore, analysis duration per rat and interobserver variability were also compared. Results: Masson’s trichrome stain revealed 30 infarcted segments out of the 276 total segments. The PResNet model achieved an AUC of 0.89 (0.85-0.93), which was comparable to that of senior radiologists (0.89; 0.85-0.93). Relative to senior radiologists, the PResNet model presented slightly lower sensitivity but significantly higher specificity. The mean sensitivity and specificity for the junior radiologists were significantly lower than both the PResNet model and the senior radiologists. In terms of analysis duration, the PResNet model (148-169sec) was markedly faster than both junior (314-366sec) and senior (193-235sec). Moreover, the intrasample agreement for the PResNet model (k=0.96) was better than the interobserver agreement for the junior (k=0.81) and senior radiologists (k=0.86). Conclusion: The PResNet model not only improved diagnostic performance and observer consensus but also improve the diagnose speed. It is a promising tool for identifying MI.
On the learnability of quantum neural networks
Authors: Du Yuxuan , Hsieh Min-Hsiu , Liu Tongliang , You Shan , Tao Dacheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Quantum neural network (QNN), or equivalently, the variational quantum circuits with a gradient-based classical optimizer, has been broadly applied to many experimental proposals for noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, the learning capability of QNN remains largely unknown due to the non-convex optimization landscape, the measurement error, and the unavoidable gate noise introduced by NISQ machines. In this study, we theoretically explore the learnability of QNN from the perspective of the trainability and generalization. Particularly, we derive the convergence performance of QNN under the NISQ setting, and identify classes of computationally hard concepts that can be efficiently learned by QNN. Our results demonstrate that large gate noise, few quantum measurements, and deep circuit depth will lead to poor convergence rates of QNN towards the empirical risk minimization. Moreover, we prove that any concept class, which is efficiently learnable by a restricted quantum statistical query (QSQ) learning model, can also be efficiently learned by QNN. Since the restricted QSQ learning model can tackle certain problems such as parity learning with a runtime speedup, our result suggests that QNN established on NISQ devices will retain the quantum advantage. Our work provides the theoretical guidance for developing advanced QNNs and opens up avenues for exploring quantum advantages using NISQ devices.
Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature From Landsat 8 Data of the Dandong-liaoyang Geothermal Area
Authors: Luan Yiming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the intensification of problems like the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and environmental degradation, the development of new energy sources has become a key long-term strategy in China. Geothermal energy has attracted much attention due to its advantages of abundance and low environmental impact. Based on infrared data sensed remotely by the Landsat 8 satellite, this paper reports a verification of the atmospheric-correction method for extracting the surface temperature of the Dandong-Liaoyang geothermal region in all months of 2014. The method combines the abnormal points in the inversion results with the local sites of hot springs, structures, local historical air temperatures, and land surface temperature/emissivity data (MOD11_L2). Results showed that these data sources were spatially distributed in similar ways, which indicates that these results can be used to identify promising geothermal resources from publically available thermal-infrared remote-sensing data.
Knowledge of Iatrogenic Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Among Chinese Obstetricians and Gynecologists: A National Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Zou Ying , Wang Wei , Zheng Qingmei , Feng Ying , Dong Han , Tan Zhangyun , Zeng Xiaoqin , Zhao Yinqing , Peng Danhong , Yang Xiaomin , Sun Ai-jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: With increasing cases of iatrogenic premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), more clinicians are required to counsel patients regarding the gonadotoxic effects of iatrogenic treatments. This survey aims to explore obstetricians and gynecologists’ knowledge regarding iatrogenic POI. A national online questionnaire survey was conducted across China. Respondents were asked to select the iatrogenic condition(s) that can cause POI based on their experience and knowledge.Results: Of the 5,523 returned questionnaires, 4,995 were analyzed. Among tumor therapies causing POI, most respondents agreed that radiotherapy (73.5% of respondents) and chemotherapy (64.1%) are risk factors for POI. While only 6.5% and 7.8% of the gynecological oncologists believed tumor immunotherapy and tumor-targeting therapy, respectively, may cause ovarian impairment, 31.8% and 22.2% of the non-gynecologic oncologists believed that these therapies could affect ovarian health. Most respondents believed that ovarian cystectomy (54.4%) was a risk factor for POI, while only a few respondents believed that hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy (39.6%) and uterine artery embolization (33.5%) could cause ovarian impairment. Only 30.5% respondents believed that immunosuppressants increased the risk of POI. Views differed with experience and hospital setting.Conclusions: The knowledge of gonadal toxicity due to traditional tumor treatments is generally high among Chinese obstetricians and gynecologists. A misunderstanding may exist in primary care hospitals and general gynecologists regarding a link between novel tumor treatments and POI, owing to the lack of convincing evidence. Knowledge of POI caused by hysterectomy and immunosuppressants should be improved.
Identification of Amblyomma Javanense and Detection of Tick-Borne Ehrlichia Spp. In Confiscated Malayan Pangolins
Authors: Zhai Junqiong , Wu Yajiang , Chen Jinping , Zou Jiejian , Shan Fen , Li Wanping , Chen Wu , Zhou Niu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDue to habitat destruction and illegal hunting and trade, the number of pangolins has been sharply reduced. To prevent their extinction, relevant departments are combined and active action have been taken. A total of 21 confiscated Malayan pangolins were rescued in 2019, but died continuously for unknown reasons. This study aimed to investigate the reasons for the death of these pangolin and rescue them.MethodsRecused Malayan pangolins were checked for clinical symptoms. Ticks on the surface of pangolins were collected and identified using morphological and molecular biological methods. Dead pangolins were autopsied for the gross lesion and tissues were collected for microscopic lesion using HE staining. Viral and protozoa pathogens’ detection were carried on ticks firstly and further confirmed in dead pangolin pathological tissues using PCR.ResultsWhen rescued, pangolins were in bad situation. More than 90% (19/21) of the rescued pangolins had ticks on their body surfaces. A total of 303 ticks were removed and identified as Amblyomma javanense (A. javanense) according to their morphology and the sequences of PCR product of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Autopsy of the dead pangolins showed multiorgan damage, especially congestion and hemorrhage in lung, heart and kidney. Histopathological analysis revealed marked presence of inflammation in tissues. Pathogens’ nucleic acid detection showed ticks were only positive for Ehrlichia spp, with 56.7% positive rate of collected ticks (127/224), which was further confirmed in tissues from dead pangolins. Sick pangolins reduced clinical symptoms after medical treatment of intramuscular injection with doxycycline and kept alive before transfer.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia spp. from A. javanense might be one of the reasons for the confiscated pangolins’ death. More attention should be payed to tick-elimination work and the diagnoses and treatment of tick-borne diseases in the follow-up rescue operation.
Effect of Various Potential Additives on Hydrogen Fermentation During the Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Cow Dung
Authors: Deheri Chinmay , Acharya Saroj Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The effect of calcium peroxide (CaO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as additives during the anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and cow dung is experimentally investigated to enhance the hydrogen fermentation. The maximum concentration of hydrogen in the generated gas is found to be 26.43%, 21.67%, 17.64%, and 20.84% while the cumulative yield of hydrogen remains 114.1, 109.27, 104.87, and 107.38 mL g− 1 Total Solid (TS) with CaO2, ZnO, CuO, and CaCO3 respectively. The sample in which no additive is used (control) exhibits a maximum hydrogen concentration of 17% and a cumulative hydrogen generation of 101.57 mL g− 1 TS in the produced gas. Result reveals an enhancement in the hydrogen concentration up to 9.43% whereas the cumulative hydrogen yield is increased up to 11% with additives compared to the control sample. Overall the hydrogen fermentation can be significantly enhanced with the additives through the anaerobic co-digestion process.
Protein Regulation Strategies of Mouse Spleen in Response to Babesia Microti Infection
Authors: Xue Xiaomin , Ren Shuguang , Masoudi Abolfazl , Hu Yuhong , Wang Xiaoshuang , Li Hongxia , Zhang Xiaojing , Wang Minjing , Wang Hui , Liu Jing-Ze 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBabesia is a protozoan parasite in red blood cells of some vertebrates. Some species of Babesia can cause zoonoses and cause great harm. As the largest immune organ in mammals, the spleen plays an important role in defending against Babesia infection. When infected with Babesia, the spleen is seriously injured, but it still actively initiates immunomodulatory responses.MethodsIn order to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the immune regulation and self-repair of the spleen in response to infection, this study used data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics to analyse changes in expression levels of global proteins and changes in phosphorylation modification in spleen tissue after Babesia microti infection in mice.ResultsAfter the mice were infected with B. microti, their spleen were seriously damaged.Using bioinfor-matics methods to analyze the dynamic changes of a large number of proteins, we found that spleen still initiated immune response to deal with the infection, in which immune-related proteins played an important role, including CTSD, IFI44, ILF2, ILF, and STAT5A. In addition, some proteins related to iron metabolism were also involved in the repair of spleen against B. microti infection, including serotransferrin, lactoferrin, TfR1, and GCL. At the same time, the expression and phosphorylation of proteins related to the growth and development of the spleen also changed, including PKC-δ and MAPK3/1, Grb2, and PAK2. ConclusionsImmune-related proteins, iron metabolism-related proteins and growth and development-related proteins play an important important role in the regulation of spleen injury and maintenance of homeostasis. This study will provide important bases for the diagnosis and treatment of babesiosis.