bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of threat and negativity bias in virtual reality
Authors: Baker Christopher , Pawling Ralph , Fairclough Stephen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNegativity bias, i.e., tendency to respond strongly to negative stimuli, can be captured via behavioural and psychophysiological responses to potential threat. A virtual environment (VE) was created at room-scale wherein participants traversed a grid of ice blocks placed 200 m above the ground. Threat was manipulated by increasing the probability of encountering ice blocks that disintegrated and led to a virtual fall. Participants interacted with the ice blocks via sensors placed on their feet. Thirty-four people were recruited for the study, who were divided into High (HN) and Low (LN) Neuroticism groups. Movement data were recorded alongside skin conductance level and facial electromyography from the corrugator supercilii and zygomaticus major. Risk-averse behaviours, such as standing on ‘safe’ blocks and testing blocks prior to movement, increased when threat was highest. HN individuals exhibited more risk-averse behaviour than the LN group, especially in the presence of high threat. In addition, activation of the corrugator muscle was higher for HN individuals in the period following a movement to an ice block. These findings are discussed with respect to the use of room-scale VE as a protocol for emotion induction and measuring trait differences in negativity bias within VR.
Long-term access to live black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) stimulates activity and reduces fearfulness of broilers, without affecting health
Authors: Ipema Allyson F. , Bokkers Eddie A. M. , Gerrits Walter J. J. , Kemp Bas , Bolhuis J. Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommercially housed broilers frequently experience limited environmental stimulation and various health issues, compromising their welfare. Providing environmental enrichment can alleviate these problems by facilitating natural behaviour and activity. We investigated the effect of providing live black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to broilers housed at commercial densities (33 kg/m2) on behaviour, fearfulness, health and performance. One-day-old broilers were distributed over five treatments with eight pens/treatment: a control treatment without BSFL; two treatments where 5% of the daily nutrient intake was replaced with live BSFL, provided four or seven times a day; and two treatments where 10% of the daily dietary intake was replaced with live BSFL provided four times a day or in transparent, movable tubes with holes. In all BSFL treatments foraging behaviour, and thereby broiler activity, was increased. Prolonged access to live BSFL, either by providing larvae seven times a day or in tubes, caused the largest increase in activity while also decreasing the time spend in tonic immobility, indicating reduced fearfulness. Broiler final weight and health were not affected. Overall, long-term access to live BSFL seems most effective in improving broiler welfare by facilitating natural behaviour and reducing fearfulness, without hindering broiler performance and health.
Construction of TUATinsecta database that integrated plant and insect database for screening phytophagous insect metabolic products with medicinal potential
Authors: Nakane Wakana , Nakamura Hisashi , Nakazato Takeru , Kaminaga Natsuki , Nakano Miho , Sakamoto Takuma , Nishiko Maaya , Bono Hidemasa , Ogiwara Isao , Kitano Yoshikazu , Iwabuchi Kikuo , Kinoshita Kaoru , Simpson Richard J. , Tabunoki Hiroko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhytophagous insect larvae feed on plants containing secondary metabolic products with biological activity against other predatory organisms. Phytophagous insects can use their specialised metabolic systems to covert these secondary metabolic products into compounds with therapeutic properties useful to mankind. Some Asians drink tea decoctions made from phytophagous insect frass which is believed to be effective against inflammatory diseases. However, insects that can convert plant-derived secondary metabolic products into useful human therapeutic agents remain poorly studied. Here, we constructed the TUATinsecta database by integrating publicly plant/insect datasets for the purpose of selecting insect species. Using TUAT-insecta we selected the Asian swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus larvae fed on several species of Rutaceous plants and examined whether the plant-derived secondary metabolites, especially those present in frass, were chemically altered or not. We extracted metabolic products from frass using three organic solvents with different polarities, and evaluated solvent fractions for their cytotoxic effects against several human cell lines. We found that chloroform frass extracts from P. xuthus larvae fed on Poncirus trifoliata leaves contained significant cytotoxic activity. Our findings demonstrate that screening of insect species using the ‘TUATinsecta’ database provides an important pipeline for discovering novel therapeutic agents that might be useful for mankind.
Homogeneous single-label cGMP detection platform for the functional study of nitric oxide-sensitive (soluble) guanylyl cyclases and cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases
Authors: Kopra Kari , Sharina Iraida , Martin Emil , Härmä Harri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are the number one death worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO)—NO-sensitive (soluble) guanylyl cyclase (sGC)—cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway regulates diverse set of important physiological functions, including maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Resting and activated sGC enzyme converts guanosine triphosphate to an important second messenger cGMP. In addition to traditional NO generators, a number of sGC activators and stimulators are currently in clinical trials aiming to support or increase sGC activity in various pathological conditions. cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which degrade cGMP to guanosine monophosphate, play key role in controlling the cGMP level and the strength or length of the cGMP-dependent cellular signaling. Thus, PDE inhibitors also have clear clinical applications. Here, we introduce a homogeneous quenching resonance energy transfer (QRET) for cGMP to monitor both sGC and PDE activities using high throughput screening adoptable method. We demonstrate that using cGMP-specific antibody, sGC or PDE activity and the effect of small molecules modulating their function can be studied with sub-picomole cGMP sensitivity. The results further indicate that the method is suitable for monitoring enzyme reactions also in complex biological cellular homogenates and mixture.
Reproducibility of abnormality detection on chest radiographs using convolutional neural network in paired radiographs obtained within a short-term interval
Authors: Cho Yongwon , Kim Young-Gon , Lee Sang Min , Seo Joon Beom , Kim Namkug 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the reproducibility of computer-aided detections (CADs) with a convolutional neural network (CNN) on chest radiographs (CXRs) of abnormal pulmonary patterns in patients, acquired within a short-term interval. Anonymized CXRs (n = 9792) obtained from 2010 to 2016 and comprising five types of disease patterns, including the nodule (N), consolidation (C), interstitial opacity (IO), pleural effusion (PLE), and pneumothorax (PN), were included. The number of normal and abnormal CXRs was 6068 and 3724, respectively. The number of CXRs (region of interests, ROIs) of N, C, IO, PLE, and PN was 944 (1092), 550 (721), 280 (538), 1361 (1661), and 589 (622), respectively. CXRs were randomly allocated to training, tuning, and test sets in 70:10:20 ratios. Two thoracic radiologists labeled and delineated the ROIs of each disease pattern. The CAD system was developed using eDenseYOLO. For the reproducibility evaluation of developed CAD, paired CXRs of various diseases (N = 121, C = 28, IO = 12, PLE = 67, and PN = 20), acquired within a short-term interval from the test sets without any changes confirmed by thoracic radiologists, were used to evaluate CAD reproducibility. Percent positive agreement (PPAs) and Chamberlain’s percent positive agreement (CPPAs) were used to evaluate CAD reproducibility. The figure of merit (FOM) of five classes based on eDenseYOLO showed N-0.72 (0.68–0.75), C-0.41 (0.33–0.43), IO-0.97 (0.96–0.98), PLE-0.94 (0.92–95), and PN-0.87 (0.76–0.93). The PPAs of the five disease patterns including N, C, IO, PLE, and PN were 83.39%, 74.14%, 95.12%, 96.84%, and 84.58%, respectively, whereas the values of CPPAs were 71.70%, 59.13%, 91.16%, 93.91%, and 74.17%, respectively. The reproducibility of abnormal pulmonary patterns from CXRs, based on deep learning-based CAD, showed different results; this is important for assessing the reproducible performance of CAD in clinical settings.
Multi‐objective emperor penguin handover optimisation for IEEE 802.21 in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Naresh Muddamalla , Venkat Reddy Dasari , Ramalinga Reddy Katta 
Published: October 2020

IEEE concentrates on the development of effective media independent handover (IEEE 802.21 MIH) services. The major aim of IEEE 802.21 MIH is to optimise the handover process to make an uninterrupted handover service with less delay. The handover process is categorised into two types a horizontal and vertical process. Among them, vertical handover (VH) needs parameter optimisation for better performance. The optimised result depends on the parameter selection to avoid the rate of handover failure. Although the availability of various optimisation procedures for VH management, many existing works consider one/two parameters for VH optimisation. So that resultant optimal handover solution will not be better in terms of failure rate, latency, and accuracy. Thus, a method of multi‐objective emperor penguin handover optimisation (MOEPHO) is developed in the proposed work, which includes almost overall network parameters for VH optimisation. So that, accurate handover with less delay and the minimum energy consumption is achieved in this work. Network simulator 2 working platform is used for the research evaluation. The resultant performances are compared with whale optimisation algorithm‐based neural network, adaptive cross‐layer design, fuzzy intelligent decision making and novel type 2‐fuzzy logic controller to show the effectiveness of MOEPHO.
An adapted filter function for density split statistics in weak lensing
Authors: Burger Pierre , Schneider Peter , Demchenko Vasiliy , Harnois-Deraps Joachim , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Unruh Sandra 
Published: October 2020

Context.The density split statistics in weak gravitational lensing analyses probes the correlation between regions of different (foreground) galaxy number densities and their weak lensing signal, which is measured by the shape distortion of background galaxies.Aims.In this paper, we reconsider density split statistics, by constructing a new angular filter function that is adapted to the expected relation between the galaxy number density and shear pattern, in a way that the filter weighting the galaxy number density is matched to the filter that is used to quantify the shear signal.Methods.We used the results of numerical ray-tracing simulations, specifically through the Millennium Simulation supplemented by a galaxy distribution based on a semi-analytic model, to construct a matched pair of adapted filter functions for the galaxy density and the tangential shear signal. We compared the performance of our new filter to the previously used top-hat filter, applying both to a different and independent set of numerical simulations (SLICS, cosmo-SLICS).Results.We show that the adapted filter yields a better correlation between the total matter and the galaxy distribution. Furthermore, the adapted filter provides a larger signal-to-noise ratio to constrain the bias between the total matter and the galaxy distribution, and we show that it is, in general, a more sensitive discriminator between different cosmologies, with the exception of cosmologies with very largeσ8values. All analyses lead to the conclusion that our adapted filter should be favoured in future density split statistic works.
Nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces assisted laser mode locking
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Jiyong , Coillet Aurelien , Grelu Philippe , Cluzel Benoit , Qiu Min 
Published: October 2020

Plasmonic metasurfaces are artificial 2D layers made of subwavelength elementary cells, which give rise to novel wave properties that do not exist in nature. In the linear regime, their applications have been extensively studied, especially in wavefront manipulation for lensing, holography or polarization control. Interests in metasurfaces operating in nonlinear regime have also increased due to their ability to efficiently convert the fundamental light into harmonic frequencies and multiphoton emissions. Nevertheless, practical applications in the nonlinear regime have been rarely reported.
In this study, we report that plasmonic metasurfaces with well-controlled polarimetric nonlinear transfer functions perform as saturable absorbers with modulation performances superior to that of other 2D materials. We employ planar nanotechnologies to fabricate 2D plasmonic metasurfaces with precise size, gap and orientation. We quantify the relationship between saturable absorption and the plasmonic resonances of the unit cell by altering the excitation power of pumping laser, the polarization of incident light and the geometrical parameters of the plasmonic metasurfaces. Finally, we provide a practical implementation by integrating the saturable metasurfaces into a fiber laser cavity and realize a stable self-starting ultrashort laser pulse generation. As such, this work sheds light on ultrathin nonlinear saturable absorbers for applications where nonlinear functions are required, such as in ultrafast laser or neuromorphic circuits.
Hemodynamic Changes in Response to Aerobic Exercise: Near-infrared
Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Bae Sujin , Huh Jung Hun , Lee Jea Woog , Han Doug Hyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying
the effects of aerobic exercise, which influence brain O2 consumption, on
cognitive enhancement. Sixteen healthy men were asked to complete a 2-back
test at rest and after moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise. During
the 2-back test, hemodynamic changes within the prefrontal cortex were
assessed using high-density functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Scores of
the 2-back test, regardless of the exercise intensity, were positively
correlated with the hemodynamic changes within the right and left
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). During an 2-back test, there were
differences in the hemodynamic changes within the DLPFC with moderate and
high-intensity exercise conditions. In the 2-back condition, the accumulated
oxyhemoglobin within the right DLPFC after moderate intensity exercise was
7.9% lower than that at baseline, while the accumulated
oxyhemoglobin within the left DLPFC was 14.6% higher than that at
baseline after high-intensity exercise. In response to the 2-back test, the
accumulated oxygenated hemoglobin within the left DLPFC after high-intensity
exercise increased more significantly than that observed after moderate
intensity exercise. These results show that the right DLPFC consumes O2 more
efficiently in response to moderate intensity aerobic exercise than in
response to high-intensity aerobic exercise.
Childhood Uveitis
Authors: Thurau Stephan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChildhood uveitis is an ophthalmological challenge, since on the one hand it often remains asymptomatic and difficult to detect, and on the other hand it often has a chronic course and is associated with a high risk of complications threatening the vision. The most important risk factors for childhood uveitis are underlying rheumatic diseases; recommendations for ophthalmological monitoring have been developed together with paediatric rheumatologists. Intermediate and posterior uveitis are rare in children. The therapy must effectively control inflammation and at the same time cause only minimal side effects. Since steroids in particular cause side effects frequently, an immunosuppressive therapy must be initiated early in an interdisciplinary cooperation with paediatric rheumatologists and parents with the goal of minimising steroids.
Diiodine–Triethylsilane System: Reduction of N-Sulfonyl Aldimines to N-Alkylsulfonamides
Authors: Jiang Jin , Xiao Lili , Li Yu-Long 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBecause molecular iodine and hydrosilanes are stable to both air and moisture, reactions using these reagents are easy to operate and require mild reaction conditions. Molecular iodine and a hydrosilane were used to reduce N-sulfonyl aldimines to the corresponding N-alkylsulfonamides. This transformation is a practical method for the synthesis of N-alkylsulfonamides.
Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Three-Component Tandem Cyclization Reaction for the One-Pot Assembly of 4-Arylquinazolines
Authors: Zhang Guolin , Yu Yongping , Wang Zijuan , Chen Wenteng , He Chang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA one-pot method for joining three separate components leading to an assortment of 4-arylquinazolines (27 examples) in good to excellent yields is described. The method consists of a palladium(II)-catalyzed­ cascade reaction involving C(sp)–C(sp2) coupling followed by intramolecular C–N bond formation. The reaction was readily scaled up to gram quantity and successfully applied to the synthesis of a translocator­ protein (TSPO) ligand.
Management of Orthostatic Hypotension, Postprandial Hypotension, and Supine Hypertension
Authors: Shibao Cyndya A. , Biaggioni Italo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis review provides recommendations for the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH), postprandial hypotension, and supine hypertension. It focuses on novel treatment strategies and new insights into the mechanism underlying these conditions. Our goal is to provide practical advice for clinicians on how to screen, diagnose, and treat these conditions with nonpharmacological and pharmacological approaches. For each disorder, we offered a stepwise recommendation on how to apply these new concepts to successfully ameliorate the symptoms associated with OH to prevent syncope and falls. The management of OH in patients who also have supine hypertension requires special considerations and pharmacotherapy. It is noteworthy that there are few therapeutic options for OH and only two Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs for the treatment of OH and nOH based on randomized clinical trials. We will use these studies to develop evidence-based guidelines for OH. The research is limited for postprandial hypotension and supine hypertension, and therefore the recommendations will be based on small studies, clinical expertise, and, above all, an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.
Patient-Initiated Data: Our Experience with Enabling Patients to Initiate Incorporation of Heart Rate Data into the Electronic Health Record
Authors: Pevnick Joshua M. , Elad Yaron , Masson Lisa M. , Riggs Richard V. , Duncan Ray G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Provider organizations increasingly allow incorporation of patient-generated data into electronic health records (EHRs). In 2015, we began allowing patients to upload data to our EHR without physician orders, which we henceforth call patient-initiated data (PAIDA). Syncing wearable heart rate monitors to our EHR allows for uploading of thousands of heart rates per patient per week, including many abnormally low and high rates. Physician informaticists expressed concern that physicians and their patients might be unaware of abnormal heart rates, including those caused by treatable pathology.
Objective This study aimed to develop a protocol to address millions of unreviewed heart rates.
Methods As a quality improvement initiative, we assembled a physician informaticist team to meet monthly for review of abnormally low and high heart rates. By incorporating other data already present in the EHR, lessons learned from reviewing records over time, and from contacting physicians, we iteratively refined our protocol.
Results We developed (1) a heart rate visualization dashboard to identify concerning heart rates; (2) experience regarding which combinations of heart rates and EHR data were most clinically worrisome, as opposed to representing artifact; (3) a protocol whereby only concerning heart rates would trigger a cardiologist review revealing protected health information; and (4) a generalizable framework for addressing other PAIDA.
Conclusion We expect most PAIDA to eventually require systematic integration and oversight. Our governance framework can help guide future efforts, especially for cases with large amounts of data and where abnormal values may represent concerning but treatable pathology.
Forelimb force direction and magnitude independently controlled by spinal modules in the macaque
Authors: Yaron Amit , Kowalski David , Yaguchi Hiroaki , Takei Tomohiko , Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Studies in frogs and rodents have shown that to deal with the complexity of controlling all the muscles in the body the brain can activate sets of neurons in the spinal cord with a single signal. Here, we provide confirmation of a similar system of “modular” output in nonhuman primates. Costimulation at two spinal sites resulted in force field directionality that was the linear sum of the fields from each site. However, unlike the frog and rodent, the magnitude of the force vectors was greater than the simple sum (supralinear). Thus, while force direction in primates is controlled by the linear sum of modular output, force amplitude might be adjusted by additional sources shared by those modules.
The anomalies and criticality of liquid water
Authors: Shi Rui , Tanaka Hajime 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Water is the most essential yet mysterious liquid on our planet. One fundamental question is whether a liquid–liquid critical point (LLCP) exists in liquid water. However, the inevitable crystallization of ice in the region where LLCP might be located makes the experimental search exceptionally challenging. Here we propose to detect the LLCP as the intersection between thermodynamic and dynamical fluctuation maxima lines in the phase diagram. This unique approach suggests that the LLCP of real water is located around 184 K and 173 MPa. However, contrary to the widely spread belief, we find that the criticality has little influence on the anomalous properties of the experimentally accessible liquid state of water because it is too far from the LLCP.
Spatial organization of functional clusters representing reward and movement information in the striatal direct and indirect pathways
Authors: Shin Jung Hwan , Song Min , Paik Se-Bum , Jung Min Whan 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The striatum is critically involved in voluntary motor control and reward-based learning. To formulate a nuanced model of the striatum, it would be important to understand how functional ensembles of striatal neurons are organized in the spatiotemporal domain. In this perspective, we monitored ensemble activity of a large number of striatal neurons in mice performing a classical conditioning task and a self-paced open-field test. We found partially overlapping and learning-dependent spatial organizations of striatal neuronal clusters for movement- as well as reward-related variables in both the direct and indirect pathways. These findings provide insights into striatal neural circuit operations underlying reward-based learning and movement control.