bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Bioethanol Lead Pakistan Towards Sustainability and Prosperity? A Narrative Review
Authors: Mohsin Abeer , Fatima Syeda Zehratul 
Published: December 2019

Economic recession, power and fuel shortage, waste management and pollution leading to global warming and climate change are few of the major issues faced by Pakistan, a developing country. These issues can be addressed to some extent by implementing policies and programmes by the government that will promote the development of the renewable energy sector in the country. Pakistan being an agricultural country has great potential to produce bioethanol, by using agricultural and municipal waste, and be able to fulfil its fuel requirements. Countries such as Canada, China and Brazil, the top producers of bioethanol in the world, can be followed as examples in terms of making policies for the growth and development of bioethanol industries. The government should make policies to replace traditional petroleum with ethanol-blended fuel to minimize the energy crisis and environmental pollution throughout the country.
Keywords: Renewable energy, pollution, economic growth, sustainable development goals, global warming, waste management.
Discovery of new microscopic structures in surface water on graphene using data science
Authors: Kato Koichiro , Maekawa Yuki , Watanabe Naoki , Sasaoka Kenji , Yamamoto Takahiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present the first-ever application of a statistical data analysis technique based on a persistent homology method combined with molecular dynamics simulations to determine the microscopic structure of water on graphene. This work assessed the rapid transition in the water structure on going from surface water to free water with increasing distance from the graphene surface, which is one of the most fundamental issues to be resolved in the field of water research. The crossover distance was unexpectedly short at approximately 1 nm, equivalent to three water layers. Within this 1 nm thick layer of surface water, the rotational freedom of tetrahedral water clusters was almost zero due to the presence of the graphene surface. Thus, water on hydrophobic surfaces such as graphene was found to contain a newly-discovered type of water cluster.
The effect of varying danger controllability on attention to threat messages
Authors: Herbert Matthew , Notebaert Lies , Parsons Sam , Fox Elaine , MacLeod Colin 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe objective of this study is to determine whether attention toward fear messages is affected by variation in the controllability of the associated danger. There is no consensus regarding the effectiveness of fear appeals in driving adaptive behaviour, and it may be the case that threat messages fail to capture attention if the associated danger is not explicitly controllable. One hundred and sixty undergraduate university students completed a computer task that involved exposure to threat cues signalling a danger (money loss). In high control blocks, attending to threat cues provided a high chance of avoiding the danger, whereas in low control blocks, attending to threat cues provided little chance of avoiding the danger. Attentional capture by threat was measured. A mixed‐design analysis of variance showed there was greater attentional capture by threat cues in high control blocks compared with low control blocks. This effect was observed with a short stimulus exposure duration and was magnified with a long exposure duration. Fear appeals could capture attention to a greater degree if the danger related to the threat message was communicated as being controllable. This has significant practical implications for the implementation of fear appeals.
Numeracy in the jury box: Numerical ability, meaningful anchors, and damage award decision making
Authors: Helm Rebecca K. , Hans Valerie P. , Reyna Valerie F. , Reed Krystia 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis project employs an experimental design to test theoretical predictions regarding how numeracy can assist jurors in determining damage awards to compensate a plaintiff for pain and suffering and how the use of meaningful numerical anchors may produce similar benefits. Mock jurors (N = 345) reviewed a legal case and were asked to give a dollar award to compensate the plaintiff for pain and suffering. The presence and nature of a numerical anchor and the duration of pain and suffering were manipulated. Participants' numeracy was measured. Results provided support for predictions. Jurors higher in numeracy gave awards that more appropriately reflected the duration of pain and suffering and showed less variability in awards. Similar benefits were obtained by exposing jurors to meaningful numerical anchors to help them contextualize dollar amounts. Thus, introducing meaningful anchors to jurors may provide similar benefits to numeracy, without the drawbacks associated with selecting only numerate jurors.
The prevalence of cognitive disengagement in automobile crashes
Authors: Wotring Brian , Dingus Tom , Atwood Jon , Guo Feng , McClafferty Julie , Buchanan‐King Mindy 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe current study analysed crashes identified in a large‐scale naturalistic driving database to assess the prevalence of cognitive disengagement (i.e., purely cognitive distraction and mind wandering/microsleep) or episodes wherein the driver did not look away from the roadway during secondary task completion or wherein another clearly observable contributing crash factor was not present, and the driver's reaction to the crash showed symptoms of cognitive disengagement. The study found that <1% (95% CI [0.45, 1.66]) of higher severity crashes had a potential contributing crash factor of mind wandering/microsleep; ~1.5% (95% CI [0.83, 2.32]) had a potential contributing factor of purely cognitive distraction. The results suggest a relatively low prevalence of cognitive disengagement among automotive crashes compared with visual/manual secondary tasks. However, the current methodology is limited in that it does not account for instances where cognitive disengagement, in combination with other factors, may have led to crashes, potentially leading to conservative estimates.
Modulating Iron Spin States with Radical Ligands: A Density Functional Theoretical Study
Authors: Credendino Ludovica , Sproules Stephen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ground state electronic structures of [FeIIIX(LISQ)2]0 where X is a halide (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−) or pseudo‐halide (N3−, NCS−) and (LISQ)1− is the o‐iminobenzosemiquinonato π‐radical ligand, have been calculated using DFT at the B3LYP* level of theory. The modified functional with 15% Hartree‐Fock exchange is required to successfully reproduce the spin ground state of the complex as either S=3/2 for X=F−, Cl− and NCS−, or S=1/2 for X=Br−, I− and N3−. The difference in ground state stems from an SFe=5/2→SFe=3/2 spin transition at the iron ion, prompted by the donor properties of the apical ligand. The computational methodology was validated through accurate calculation of the Mössbauer parameters. The redox chemistry of the o‐aminophenolate ligand was examined for the putative five‐membered electron transfer series for [FeIIIF(LISQ)2]z and [FeIIII(LISQ)2]z (z=2+1+, 0, 1−, 2−). The redox chemistry is entirely ligand‐centered with retention of the ferric ion, where only the strong ligand field provided by a fully reduced o‐anilinophenolate(2−) ligand in conjunction with a soft apical donor will support an intermediate‐spin Fe(III) central ion.
Extending Carrier Lifetimes in Lead Halide Perovskites with Alkali Metals by Passivating and Eliminating Halide Interstitial Defects
Authors: Qiao Lu , Fang Wei‐Hai , Long Run , Prezhdo Oleg V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDefects, such as halide interstitials, act as charge recombination centers, induce degradation of halide perovskites, and create major obstacles to applications of these materials. Alkali metal dopants greatly improve perovskite performance. Using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, it is demonstrated that alkalis bring favorable effects. The formation energy of halide interstitials increases by up to a factor of four in the presence of alkali dopants, and therefore, defect concentration decreases. When defects are present, alkali metals strongly bind to them. Halide interstitials introduce mid‐gap states that rapidly trap charge carriers. Alkalis eliminate the trap states, helping to maintain high current density. Further to charge trapping, the interstitials accelerate charge recombination. By passivating the interstitials, alkalis make carrier lifetimes up to seven times longer than in defect‐free perovskites and up to thirty times longer than in defective perovskites.
High‐Performance Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diode with Enhanced Operational Stability Using Lithium Halide Passivation
Authors: Wu Tian , Li Junnan , Zou Yatao , Xu Hao , Wen Kaichuan , Wan Shanshan , Bai Sai , Song Tao , McLeod John A. , Duhm Steffen , Gao Feng , Sun Baoquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDefect passivation has been demonstrated to be effective in improving the radiative recombination of charge carriers in perovskites, and consequently, the device performance of the resultant perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). State‐of‐the‐art useful passivation agents in perovskite LEDs are mostly organic chelating molecules that, however, simultaneously sacrifice the charge‐transport properties and thermal stability of the resultant perovskite emissive layers, thereby deteriorating performance, and especially the operational stability of the devices. We demonstrate that lithium halides can efficiently passivate the defects generated by halide vacancies and reduce trap state density, thereby suppressing ion migration in perovskite films. Efficient green perovskite LEDs based on all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite with a peak external quantum efficiency of 16.2 %, as well as a high maximum brightness of 50 270 cd m−2, are achieved. Moreover, the device shows decent stability even under a brightness of 104 cd m−2. We highlight the universal applicability of defect passivation using lithium halides, which enabled us to improve the efficiency of blue and red perovskite LEDs.
Single‐Atom Iron Boosts Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Gu Wenling , Wang Hengjia , Jiao Lei , Wu Yu , Chen Yuxin , Hu Liuyong , Gong Jingming , Du Dan , Zhu Chengzhou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe traditional luminol–H2O2 electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platform suffers from self‐decomposition of H2O2 at room temperature, hampering its application for quantitative analysis. In this work, for the first time we employ iron single‐atom catalysts (Fe‐N‐C SACs) as an advanced co‐reactant accelerator to directly reduce the dissolved oxygen (O2) to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Owing to the unique electronic structure and catalytic activity of Fe‐N‐C SACs, large amounts of ROS are efficiently produced, which then react with the luminol anion radical and significantly amplify the luminol ECL emission. Under the optimum conditions, a Fe‐N‐C SACs–luminol ECL sensor for antioxidant capacity measurement was developed with a good linear range from 0.8 μm to 1.0 mm of Trolox.
5,6,12,13‐Tetraazaperopyrenes as Unique Photonic and Mechanochromic Fluorophores
Authors: Yuan Wei , Cheng Junjie , Li Xiaopei , Wu Mengjiao , Han Yi , Yan Chunmei , Zou Gang , Müllen Klaus , Chen Yulan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract5,6,12,13‐Tetraazaperopyrenes with different number of tert‐butyl groups (c‐TAPP‐T, c‐TAPP‐H) were synthesized, via four‐fold Bischler–Napieralski cyclization as the key step. As deduced from the single‐crystal structures and optical properties, N‐doping and substitution type allow for a precise control of intermolecular interactions. Compared to the reported 1,3,8,10‐tetraazaperopyrenes, significantly different packing modes were found in 5,6,12,13‐tetraazaperopyrenes. Going from c‐TAPP‐T to c‐TAPP‐H, two additional tert‐butyl groups lead to different preferential growth directions, affording 1D and 2D microcrystals, respectively. Most importantly, both microcrystals exhibit excellent optical waveguide properties with extraordinarily low loss coefficients and unique polarization features. Although c‐TAPP‐H possesses a rigid and planar core, its crystals display an exceptional mechanochromic fluorescence, which, again, depends on the mode of molecular packing.
Mechanically Strong Globular‐Protein‐Based Fibers Obtained Using a Microfluidic Spinning Technique
Authors: He Haonan , Yang Chenjing , Wang Fan , Wei Zheng , Shen Jianlei , Chen Dong , Fan Chunhai , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProteins used for the formation of light weight and mechanically strong biological fibers are typically composed of folded rigid and unfolded flexible units. In contrast to fibrous proteins, globular proteins are generally not regarded as a good candidate for fiber production due to their intrinsic structural defects. Thus, it is challenging to develop an efficient strategy for the construction of mechanically strong fibers using spherical proteins. Herein, we demonstrate the production of robust protein fibers from bovine serum albumin (BSA) using a microfluidic technique. Remarkably, the toughness of the fibers was up to 143 MJ m−3, and after post‐stretching treatment, their breaking strength increased to almost 300 MPa due to the induced long‐range ordered structure in the fibers. The performance is comparable to or even higher than that of many recombinant spider silks or regenerated silkworm fibers. Thus, this work opens a new way for making biological fibers with high performance.
Transformation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases into Glutamate Receptors and Photoreceptors
Authors: Leippe Philipp , Broichhagen Johannes , Cailliau Katia , Mougel Alexandra , Morel Marion , Dissous Colette , Trauner Dirk , Vicogne Jérôme 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key regulators of cellular functions in metazoans. In vertebrates, RTKs are mostly activated by polypeptides but are not naturally sensitive to amino acids or light. Taking inspiration from Venus kinase receptors (VKRs), an atypical family of RTKs found in nature, we have transformed the human insulin (hIR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (hMET) into glutamate receptors by replacing their extracellular binding domains with the ligand‐binding domain of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 (mGluR2). We then imparted light sensitivity through covalent attachment of a synthetic glutamate‐based photoswitch via a self‐labelling SNAP tag. By employing a Xenopus laevis oocyte kinase activity assay, we demonstrate how these chimeric RTKs, termed light‐controlled human insulin receptor (LihIR) and light‐controlled human MET receptor (LihMET), can be used to exert optical control over the insulin or MET signaling pathways. Our results outline a potentially general strategy to convert RTKs into photoreceptors.
Waterborne polyurethane‐based dye with covalently bonded to Disperse blue 60
Authors: Hu Xianhai , Li Mingjun , Xian Yuxi , Liu Xiang , Liu Manli , Li Gen , Hu Pengwei , Cheng Congliang 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA series of sulfonated waterborne polyurethane‐based dyes (DB60‐SWPUs) with covalently bonded to different proportions of Disperse blue 60 (DB60) were prepared by a modified acetone process. The expected structures of DB60‐SWPUs are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and1H‐NMR spectra. The obtained DB60‐SWPUs show high viscosity and intriguing storage stability. The fluorescent performances, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of DB60‐SWPUs were characterized. Compared with DB60, the UV–vis spectra of DB60‐WPUs have obvious hypochromic shift, and the fluorescence intensities are obviously enhanced. The migration rates of DB60‐SWPUs are much lower than that of DB60. DB60‐SWPUs have thermal migration resistance and excellent color fastness. The polyester fiber dyed by DB60‐SWPUs has not only high color yield, good fracture strength, excellent breaking strength retention, but also good permeability and wrinkle resistance. Moreover, DB60‐SWPUs are polymeric dyes with water as a solvent, which are especially suitable for environmental protection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48862.
A Phenazine based colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor for sequential detection of Ag+ and I− in aqueous media
Authors: Dongare Pravin R. , Gore Anil H. , Kolekar Govind B. , Ajalkar Balu D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new colorimetric and fluorescent probe MNTPZ based on 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]phenazine derivative has been designed and synthesized for successive detection of Ag+ and I−. The probe MNTPZ shows selective colorimetric response by a change in color from yellow to orange and “turn‐off” fluorometric response upon binding with Ag+ in DMSO: Water (pH = 7, 1:1, v/v) over other cations. The binding mode of probe MNTPZ to Ag+ was studied by Job's plot, 1H NMR studies, FT‐IR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Moreover, the situ generated probe MNTPZ+ Ag+ complex acted as an efficient fluorometric “turn‐on” probe for I− via Ag+ displacement approach. The detection limit of probe MNTPZ for Ag+ and the resultant complex probe MNTPZ+ Ag+ for I− were determined to be 1.36 μmol/L and 1.03 μmol/L respectively. Notably, the developed probe was successfully used for quantitative determination of I− in real samples with satisfactory results.
Short-term outcomes of a multicentre randomized clinical trial comparing D2 versus D3 lymph node dissection for colonic cancer (COLD trial)
Authors: Karachun A , Panaiotti L , Chernikovskiy I , Achkasov S , Gevorkyan Y , Savanovich N , Sharygin G , Markushin L , Sushkov O , Aleshin D , Shakhmatov D , Nazarov I , Muratov I , Maynovskaya O , Olkina A , Lankov T , Ovchinnikova T , Kharagezov D , Kaymakchi D , Milakin A , Petrov A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
It remains unclear whether extended lymphadenectomy provides oncological advantages in colorectal cancer. This multicentre RCT aimed to address this issue.

Methods
Patients with resectable primary colonic cancer were enrolled in four hospitals registered in the COLD trial, and randomized to D2 or D3 dissection in a 1 : 1 ratio. Data were analysed to assess the safety of D3 dissection.

Results
The study included the first 100 patients randomized in this ongoing trial. Ninety-nine patients were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (43 D2, 56 D3). Ninety-two patients received the allocated treatment and were included in the per-protocol (PP) analysis: 39 of 43 in the D2 group and 53 of 56 in the D3 group. There were no deaths. The 30-day postoperative morbidity rate was 47 per cent in the D2 group and 48 per cent in the D3 group, with a risk ratio of 1·04 (95 per cent c.i. 0·68 to 1·58) (P = 0·867). There were two anastomotic leaks (5 per cent) in the D2 group and none in the D3 group. Postoperative recovery, complication and readmission rates did not differ between the groups in ITT and PP analyses. Mean lymph node yield was 26·6 and 27·8 in D2 and D3 procedures respectively. Good quality of complete mesocolic excision was more frequently noted in the D3 group (P = 0·048). Three patients in the D3 group (5 per cent) had metastases in D3 lymph nodes. D3 was never the only affected level of lymph nodes. N-positive status was more common in the D3 group (46 per cent versus 26 per cent in D2), with a risk ratio of 1·81 (95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 3·24) (P = 0·044).

Conclusion
D3 lymph node dissection is feasible and may be associated with better N staging. Registration number: NCT03009227 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Protective Effects of Anthocyanins from Coreopsis tinctoria against Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in MIN6 Cells
Authors: Liu Jianli , Tian Siqi , Fu Mingyang , He Yin , Yu Hui , Cao Xiangyu , Cao Yiyang , Xu Hanyuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnthocyanins (AC) from Coreopsis tinctoria possesses strong antioxidant properties, while the effects of AC on cells damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes mellitus diseases progression have not been reported. The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective property of AC against cellular oxidative stress with an experimental model, H2O2‐exposed MIN6 cells. AC could reverse the decrease of cell viability induced by H2O2 and efficiently suppressed cellular ROS production and cell apoptosis. In addition, Real‐time PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that AC could protect MIN6 cells against oxidative injury through increasing the translocation of Nrf2 into nuclear, decreasing the phosphorylation level of p38 and up‐regulating the protein expression of antioxidant enzyme (SOD1, SOD2 and CAT). Thus, this study provides evidence to support the beneficial effect of AC in inhibiting MIN6 cells from H2O2‐induced oxidative injury.
Exosomal miR‐663b targets Ets2‐repressor factor to promote proliferation and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Yin Xinbao , Zheng Xueping , Liu Ming , Wang Dong , Sun Hui , Qiu Yue , Chen Jun , Shi Benkang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExosomes circulating in biological fluids have the potential to be utilized as cancer biomarkers and are associated with cancer progression and metastasis. MicroRNA (miR)‐663b has been found to be elevated in plasma from patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, the functional role of exosomal miR‐663b in BC processes remains unknown. Here, we isolated exosomes from plasma and found that the miR‐663b level was elevated in exosomes from plasma of patients with BC compared with healthy controls. Exosomal miR‐663b from BC cells promoted cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Moreover, exosomal miR‐663b targeted Ets2‐repressor factor and acted as a tumor promoter in BC cells. Taken together, our findings suggested that exosomal miR‐663b is a promising potential biomarker and target for clinical detection and therapy in BC.
Impact of dual antiplatelet therapy duration on 1‐year clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from the real‐world OPT‐CAD study
Authors: Li Jing , Li Yi , Qiu Miaohan , Li Zhiguo , Yang Jing , Wang Xiaozeng , Bao Dan , Wang Xu , Han Yaling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the optimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration for diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundDiabetic patients are at high risk for ischemic and bleeding events when treated with antithrombotic agents after an ACS episode.MethodsThis post hoc study analyzed DAPT duration and clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with ACS who underwent PCI in the Optimal antiPlatelet Therapy for Chinese patients with Coronary Artery Disease (OPT‐CAD) registry. The primary outcome was patient‐oriented composite endpoints (PoCE) at 12 months; it was defined as a composite of all‐cause mortality, all myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or any revascularization. The safety outcome was bleeding events.ResultsIn total, 1,773 diabetic patients with ACS were enrolled and treated with PCI in the OPT‐CAD study. Premature DAPT discontinuation before 12 months was an independent PoCE predictor in diabetic patients (hazard ratio = 1.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.74, p = .006). It was associated with a significantly higher risk of PoCE (17.3 vs. 11.2%, p = .014) in diabetic patients with high risk factors (age ≥ 65 years or history of cardiovascular events including MI, stroke, or peripheral artery disease), but this association was not observed in those without high risk factors (10.4 vs. 9.1, p = .554). No excess bleeding risk was found in patients who received 12‐month DAPT compared with those who discontinued DAPT prematurely.ConclusionsPremature DAPT discontinuation before 12 months was associated with increased risk of clinical events in diabetic patients with ACS after PCI, particularly in those with high‐risk profiles.