bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysobacter gummosus OH17 induces systemic resistance in Oryza sativa ‘Nipponbare’
Authors: Laborda Pedro , Chen Xian , Wu Guichun , Wang Suyan , Lu Xiaofeng , Ling Jun , Li Kaihuai , Liu Fengquan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough rice is one of the most cultivated, consumed, and essential crops worldwide, it is highly susceptible to a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens that significantly reduce the production and quality of rice. Recently, our research group reported that the plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium Lysobacter gummosus OH17 was able to enhance the ethylene levels in Oryza sativa ‘Nipponbare’ plants at the late interaction stages. In this work, L. gummosus OH17 was found to be capable of inducing the overexpression of relevant genes of the jasmonic acid and ethylene transduction pathways in Nipponbare plants, such as OsACC, OsACO, OsERF3, and OsLOX, which resulted in the up‐regulation of a number of pathogenesis‐related proteins. The observed metabolic effects enhanced the disease resistance of rice against the three most devastating rice pathogens: Magnaporthe oryzae causing rice blast, Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing bacterial leaf blight. Furthermore, it was shown that L. gummosus OH17 also enhanced ethylene production levels in other O. sativa varieties from both the japonica and indica subspecies. Here, we report for the first time the metabolic alterations produced by plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium L. gummosus OH17 at the late interaction stages and how these alterations induce systemic resistance.
“The Power of the Presidency to Hurt”: The Indecorous Rhetoric of Donald J. Trump and the Rhetorical Norms of Democracy
Authors: Stuckey Mary E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPresidents are both individual agents who make rhetorical and political choices and discursive nodes through which political discourse circulates. As both agents and nodes, when presidents engage in educative, vituperative, and performative rhetoric, they are positioned to influence the form and content of the national discourse. Donald Trump largely eschews educative rhetoric. He depends heavily on vitriol, primarily using demeaning language, false equivalency, and exclusion. As an individual actor, these tactics characterize his rhetoric. As a discursive node, the effects are far more broad ranging, circulating and reinforcing deleterious language in both form and content. Trump’s example indicates that scholars of the presidency and presidential rhetoric need to think differently about presidential language as it circulates and influences broader political processes.
Tsunami deposits: Present knowledge and future challenges
Authors: Costa Pedro J. M. , Andrade César 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTsunami deposits are the primary source of information on (past) large tsunami events and thereby are crucial for accurate hazard assessments. Tsunami deposits studies have developed over the last three decades, but this is still a young geoscience discipline. Following the 5th International Tsunami Field Symposium in 2017 an opportunity arose to publish a Special Issue focusing on present knowledge and future research challenges. This paper aims to briefly review current state‐of‐the‐art research, summarizing major findings and gathering relevant works that describe the progress achieved over the last three decades. In this paper the relevance of tsunami deposits, their peculiar sedimentary characteristics and their differentiation from other high energy events are presented. Especially over the last decade an incredibly high number of studies have been published on tsunami deposits, many of which are of a high quality and provide detailed literature reviews. Some of these studies represent the current progress discussed here. Challenges are also introduced, to spur a discussion on future scientific questions that can and should be addressed by tsunami geoscientists. Coupling onshore–offshore records is an area where tsunami geoscience faces some of its major challenges. Moreover, the application of non‐destructive high‐resolution techniques to study the internal structure and composition of tsunami deposits can also provide an opportunity to further examine deposits, and from this derive physical parameters of the forcing mechanism. Another topic is better understanding of the erosional signature of tsunami events and a continuation of the effort to better incorporate age‐estimation methods by developing more accurate dating methodology. Finally, there is also the need for the improvement of empirical, forward and regressive numerical models to better contribute to the characterization of tsunami events.
Anti‐racism in U.S. early childhood education: Foundational principles
Authors: Escayg Kerry‐Ann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMulticulturalism and anti‐bias education remain a significant area of pedagogical practice and scholarly inquiry for early childhood researchers and practitioners. Yet much less attention has been paid to detailing anti‐racist components within the classroom, and also within the broader field of early childhood education, including its foundational knowledge base. This article addresses this gap by advancing a framework for early childhood education informed by specific tenets of anti‐racism theory. Drawing on an analysis of White power and privilege and systemic racism, it outlines three main principles of anti‐racist early childhood education. Next, it presents a critical exploration of these principles and how they can be used to transform the existing paradigm of U.S. early childhood education, so as to offer equitable learning opportunities for racialized children.
Ensuring donor safety: is venesecting therapeutic donors to haemoglobin levels below Blood Service guidelines safe?
Authors: Lim Zixiang , Bentley Peter , Olynyk John K. 
Published: February 2020

Therapeutic phlebotomy is the cornerstone of treatment for HFE haemochromatosis (HH). Current Australian Red Cross LifeBlood Service guidelines mandate measuring haemoglobin (Hb) levels prior to phlebotomy and if below 130 g/l in men or 120 g/l in women, donors are deferred from donating whole blood. Therapeutic donation below these levels may take place where both the treating doctor and a blood service medical officer approve. The aim of the current study was to determine whether adverse events are more frequent in those who undergo therapeutic phlebotomy below current Hb thresholds applied to volunteer therapeutic donors.A retrospective review of all therapeutic donations was undertaken for the financial year 2016–2017. The data were obtained through the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Inclusion criteria were any donor between 16 and 70 years of age, weighing more than 50 kg and meeting blood service guidelines for donation. All adverse events recorded in an electronic quality system were obtained and associated with donor haemoglobin level. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance or Fisher’s exact test (GraphPad Prism).About 34 886 therapeutic phlebotomy donations occurred during 2016–2017, of whom the majority were referred for HH (34 089). In total, 365 of 34 886 donations (0·0105%) were complicated by an adverse event. A total of 305 (0·0087%) therapeutic donations occurred while below the lower limit of blood service Hb threshold for their respective genders. Of the donations that occurred below the blood service threshold, 3 of 305 (0·0098%) had an adverse event compared with 362 of 34 581 donations above the lower limit threshold (0·0105%, P = 0·99).The incidence of adverse events was not increased in the group which underwent therapeutic phlebotomy below the current Australian Red Cross Blood Service Hb threshold compared with those above threshold, indicating safety of treatment at Hb levels lower than currently recommended.
Aspirin and fracture risk: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Barker A L , Soh Sze-Ee , Sanders Kerrie M , Pasco Julie , Khosla Sundeep , Ebeling Peter R , Ward Stephanie A , Peeters Geeske , Talevski Jason , Cumming Robert G , Seeman Ego , McNeil John J 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThis review provides insights into the potential for aspirin to preserve bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce fracture risk, building knowledge of the risk-benefit profile of aspirin.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies. Electronic searches of MEDLINE and Embase, and a manual search of bibliographies was undertaken for studies published to 28 March 2018. Studies were included if: participants were men or women aged ≥18 years; the exposure of interest was aspirin; and relative risks, ORs and 95% CIs for the risk of fracture or difference (percentage or absolute) in BMD (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) between aspirin users and non-users were presented. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for observational studies. Pooled ORs for any fracture and standardised mean differences (SMDs) for BMD outcomes were calculated using random-effects models.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Aspirin use was associated with a 17% lower odds for any fracture (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.99; I2=71%; six studies; n=511 390). Aspirin was associated with a higher total hip BMD for women (SMD 0.03, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.07; I2=0%; three studies; n=9686) and men (SMD 0.06, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.13, I2=0%; two studies; n=4137) although these associations were not significant. Similar results were observed for lumbar spine BMD in women (SMD 0.03, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.09; I2=34%; four studies; n=11 330) and men (SMD 0.08; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.18; one study; n=432).ConclusionsWhile the benefits of reduced fracture risk and higher BMD from aspirin use may be modest for individuals, if confirmed in prospective controlled trials, they may confer a large population benefit given the common use of aspirin in older people.
Cycling but not walking to work or study is associated with physical fitness, body composition and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young men
Authors: Vaara Jani P , Vasankari Tommi , Fogelholm Mikael , Koski Harri , Kyröläinen Heikki 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionActive commuting is an inexpensive and accessible form of physical activity and may be beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of active commuting and its subcomponents, cycling and walking, with cardiometabolic risk factors, physical fitness and body composition in young men.MethodsParticipants were 776 Finnish young (26±7 years), healthy adult men. Active commuting was measured with self-report. Waist circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Aerobic fitness was measured with bicycle ergometer and muscular fitness with maximal leg and bench press, sit-ups, push-ups and standing long jump. Cardiometabolic risk factors were analysed from blood samples and selected variables (glucose, insulin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were further converted to z-score to form clustered cardiometabolic risk.ResultsA total of 24% used active commuting consisting of 10% of walkers and 14% of cyclists. After adjustments for age, smoking, time of year, leisure-time and occupational physical activities, cycling was inversely associated with the clustered cardiometabolic risk (β=−0.11, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.01), while walking was not (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.08). However, further adjustment for waist circumference attenuated the associations to non-significant. Moreover, cycling but not walking was inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference and maximal strength, while a positive association was observed with aerobic fitness (p<0.05).ConclusionThis study shows that cycling to work or study has beneficial associations to clustered cardiometabolic risk, body composition and aerobic fitness in young, healthy adult men.
Under capital’s thumb: longitudinal associations between relational social class and health
Authors: Eisenberg-Guyot Jerzy , Hajat Anjum 
Published: February 2020

Background
We used a relational social-class measure based on property ownership and managerial authority to analyse the longitudinal relationships between class, self-rated health (SRH) and mental illness. To our knowledge, this is the first study using a relational social-class measure to evaluate these relationships longitudinally.

Methods
Using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data from 1984 to 2017, we first assigned respondents aged 25–64 to the not in the labour force (NILF), worker, manager, petit bourgeois (PB) or capitalist classes based on business ownership, managerial authority and employment status. Next, using Cox models, we estimated the confounder-adjusted associations between 2-year-lagged class and incidence of poor/fair SRH and serious mental illness. We also tested whether the associations varied by gender, whether they persisted after more-fully adjusting for traditional socioeconomic-status measures (education and income) and how they changed temporally.

Results
We identified large inequities in poor/fair SRH. NILFs had the greatest hazard, followed by workers, PBs, managers and capitalists. We also identified large inequities in serious mental illness; NILFs and workers had the greatest hazard, while capitalists had the lowest. Class inequities in both outcomes lessened but remained considerable after confounder and socioeconomic-status adjustment, and we found some evidence that the class–SRH relationship varied by gender, as being NILF was more harmful among men than women. Additionally, class inequities in the outcomes decreased somewhat over time.

Conclusion
We identified substantial class inequities in SRH and mental illness. Our findings demonstrate the importance of using relational social-class measures to deepen understanding of health inequities’ root causes.
Women in combat roles: themes characterising adjustment in the Israel Defense Force—a pilot study
Authors: Berezin Cohen Noa , Netzer I 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe Israel Defense Force is the only military organisation in the world that mandatorily conscripts women since its founding. Despite legislative changes, the percentage of women serving as combat soldiers is low, and the dropout rate is high. Women in these professions experience a complex and unique adaptation process.AimsTo characterise the experiences of female combat soldiers adjusting to combat roles in comparison with male soldiers and non-warfighter female soldiers.MethodA pilot study was undertaken in order to inform further research. Mental health officers in the women’s units conducted group interviews. These were composed of four stages: projection, reflection, processing and formulating solutions.ResultsThe themes apparent in the interviews conform to phenomena appearing in the literature such as tokenism, disruption of gender identity and internalisation of the superiority of male values. In addition, we identified distortion of body image and increased burnout.Discussion and conclusionsThe study points to the significance of gender aspects in the mental adaptation process of women in combat positions. Issues pertaining perceptions of inequality should not be deemed to be purely sociological, but rather as a gateway facilitating adjustment. This should be taken into account in future research and in the formulation of support strategies.
Applying the matched-filter technique to the search for dark matter transients with networks of quantum sensors
Authors: Panelli Guglielmo , Roberts Benjamin M. , Derevianko Andrei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere are several networks of precision quantum sensors in existence, including networks of atomic clocks, magnetometers, and gravitational wave detectors. These networks can be re-purposed for searches of exotic physics, such as direct dark matter searches. Here we explore a detection strategy for macroscopic dark matter objects with such networks using the matched-filter technique. Such “clumpy” dark matter objects would register as transients sweeping through the network at galactic velocities. As a specific example, we consider a network of atomic clocks aboard the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. We apply the matched-filter technique to simulated GPS atomic clock data and study its utility and performance. The analysis and the developed methodology have a discovery reach up to three orders of magnitude above the previous GPS results and have a wide applicability to other networks of quantum sensors.
Central Nervous System Tumors in Adolescents and Young Adults: An Epidemiological Study from Jordan
Authors: AlMuhaisen Ghadeer Hayel , Al-Tarawneh Bushra , Al-Hussaini Maysa 
Published: February 2020

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The adolescent and young adult (AYA) age group lacks targeted epidemiologic studies that assess the prevalence and outcome of tumors. We aim to provide deep analysis of the epidemiology of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in AYA in Jordan. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> This is a retrospective study for all CNS tumors in the AYA group patients diagnosed and managed at King Hussein Cancer Center in 2007–2016. A patient list was retrieved from the Center’s Cancer Registry, and clinicopathologic data were reviewed individually from the patients’ records. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 370 cases of primary CNS tumors were retrieved, with a median age of 28.5 years. Males outnumbered females; 57.6 and 42.4%, respectively. Most tumors occurred in the cerebrum (62.2%, <i>n</i> = 230), the frontal lobe was the most commonly affected (29%). Glioma was the most common histologic category (58.9%, <i>n</i> = 218), with high-grade tumors, including glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, prevailing. Embryonal tumors comprised the second most common group (16.8%, <i>n</i> = 62). Medulloblastoma was the prototype of embryonal tumors (91.9%; <i>n</i> = 57). Glioma tended to affect the older age group than embryonal tumors (<i>p</i> value = 0.002). On last available follow-up, 29.5% were lost to follow-up, 36% were alive, and 34.6% were deceased. The median overall survival (OS) for all tumors was 47.6 months. Embryonal tumors had a better outcome than glioma (median OS 76.3 vs. 30.3 months, respectively; <i>p</i> value = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> High-grade glioma affecting the cerebrum was the most common tumor among AYA age group and was associated with a less favorable outcome compared to embryonal tumors. More research is needed to address this special age group.
Impact of Modifiable Bleeding Risk Factors on Major Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulated With Rivaroxaban
Authors: Kirchhof Paulus , Haas Sylvia , Amarenco Pierre , Hess Susanne , Lambelet Marc , van Eickels Martin , Turpie Alexander G. G. , Camm A. John ,   the XANTUS Investigators*
Published: February 2020

Background
Reducing major bleeding events is a challenge when managing anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. This study evaluated the impact of modifiable and nonmodifiable bleeding risk factors in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving rivaroxaban and estimated the impact of risk factor modification on major bleeding events.

Methods and Results

Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors associated with major bleeding events were identified from the XANTUS (Xarelto for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) prospective registry data set (6784 rivaroxaban‐treated patients). Parameters showing univariate association with bleeding were used to construct a multivariable model identifying independent risk factors. Modeling was used to estimate attributed weights to risk factors. Heavy alcohol use (hazard ratio [
HR
]=2.37; 95%
CI
1.24–4.53); uncontrolled hypertension (
HR
after parameter‐wise shrinkage=1.79; 95%
CI
1.05–3.05); and concomitant treatment with antiplatelets, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, or paracetamol (
HR
=1.80; 95%
CI
1.24–2.61) were identified as modifiable, independent bleeding risk factors. Increasing age (
HR
=1.25 [per 5‐year increment]; 95%
CI
1.12–1.38); heart failure (
HR
=1.97; 95%
CI
1.36–2.86); and vascular disease (
HR
=1.91; 95%
CI
1.32–2.77) were identified as nonmodifiable bleeding risk factors. Overall, 128 (1.9%) patients experienced major bleeding events; of these, 11% had no identified bleeding risk factors, 50% had nonmodifiable bleeding risk factors only, and 39% had modifiable bleeding risk factors (with or without nonmodifiable risk factors). The presence of 1 modifiable bleeding risk factor doubled the risk of major bleeding.

Conclusions
Elimination of modifiable bleeding risk factors is a potentially effective strategy to reduce bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients receiving rivaroxaban.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01606995.
Management of Antithrombotic Agents During Surgery or Other Kinds of Medical Procedures With Bleeding: The MARK Study
Authors: Gotoh Seiji , Yasaka Masahiro , Nakamura Asako , Kuwashiro Takahiro , Okada Yasushi 
Published: February 2020

Background
Optimal management of antithrombotic agents during surgery has yet to be established. We performed a prospective multicenter observational study to determine the current status of the management of antithrombotic agents during surgery or other medical procedures with bleeding (MARK [Management of Antithrombotic Agents During Surgery or Other Kinds of Medical Procedures With Bleeding] study) in Japan.

Methods and Results

The participants were 9700 patients who received oral antithrombotic agents and underwent scheduled medical procedures with bleeding at 59 National Hospital Organization institutions in Japan. Primary outcomes were thromboembolic events, bleeding events, and death within 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after the procedures. We investigated the relationships between each outcome and patient demographics, comorbidities, type of procedure, and management of antithrombotic therapy. With respect to the periprocedural management of antithrombotic agents, 3551 patients continued oral antithrombotic agents (36.6%, continuation group) and 6149 patients discontinued them (63.4%, discontinuation group). The incidence of any thromboembolic event (1.7% versus 0.6%,
P
<0.001), major bleeding (7.6% versus 0.4%,
P
<0.001), and death (0.8% versus 0.4%,
P
<0.001) was all greater in the discontinuation group than the continuation group. In multivariate analysis, even after adjusting for confounding factors, discontinuation of anticoagulant agents was significantly associated with higher risk for both thromboembolic events (odds ratio: 4.55; 95% CI, 1.67–12.4;
P
=0.003) and major bleeding (odds ratio: 11.1; 95% CI, 2.03–60.3;
P
=0.006) in procedures with low bleeding risk. In contrast, heparin bridging therapy was significantly associated with higher risk for both thromboembolic events (odds ratio: 2.03; 95% CI, 1.28–3.22;
P
=0.003) and major bleeding (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% CI, 1.10–1.68;
P
=0.005) in procedures with high bleeding risk.

Conclusions
Discontinuation of oral antithrombotic agents and addition of low‐dose heparin bridging therapy appear to be significantly associated with adverse events in the periprocedural period.