bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid‐Mediated Fabrication of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials and Their Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhao Jian , Yang Peng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProtein assembly with ordered architecture plays an important role in the formation of natural organic–inorganic hybrid materials, and also determines their distinguished mechanical, optical, and biochemical properties. Nevertheless, it has been a huge challenge to synthesize materials with hierarchical structure accurately mimicking the natural hybrid materials in vitro. In the past decade, protein amyloid aggregates, due to their diverse and controllable nanostructures and unique properties, have been developed as superior templates or building blocks to fabricate functional organic–inorganic hybrid materials, and applications of these hybrids especially in the field of biomedicine have been also intensively exploited. In this work, the formation process of protein amyloid aggregates and their final distinctive nanostructures are briefly introduced. The mediation of amyloid aggregates on incorporating inorganic nanomaterials and the resultant 1D, 2D, and 3D organic–inorganic hybrid materials are then summarized. In addition, the biomedical applications of these hybrid materials in drug delivery, biomineralization, bioimaging, and biosensors, and cell culture are exemplified. Finally, the challenges and the future research directions on amyloids‐based organic–inorganic hybrid materials are prospected.
Real‐Time Multi‐Ion Detection in the Sweat Concentration Range Enabled by Flexible, Printed, and Microfluidics‐Integrated Organic Transistor Arrays
Authors: Demuru Silvia , Kunnel Brince Paul , Briand Danick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) show remarkable promise as biosensors, thanks to their high signal amplification, simple architecture, and the intrinsic flexibility of the organic material. Despite these properties, their use for real‐time sensing in complex biological fluids, such as human sweat, is strongly limited due to the lack of cross‐sensitivity and selectivity studies and the use of rigid and bulky device configurations. Here, the development of a novel flexible microfluidics‐integrated platform with an array of printed ion‐selective OECTs enables multi‐ion detection in a wearable fashion. This is achieved by coating the poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) channels of the transistors with three different ion‐selective membranes (ISMs). Systematic electrical and sensing analysis of the OECTs with ISMs show a minimal impact of the membranes on the electrical and time responses of the transistors while providing high ion selectivity. This work combines for the first time real‐time and selective multi‐ion detection with an array of inkjet‐printed and flexible organic transistors coated with different ISMs, demonstrating state‐of‐the‐art sensing capabilities of≈10µA dec−1for potassium, sodium, and pH. This flexible OECTs sensing platform paves the way to the next generation devices for continuous electrolytes monitoring in body fluids.
3D‐Printed Micromotors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ye Junhong , Wilson Daniela A. , Tu Yingfeng , Peng Fei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing, known as 3D printing, has been widely applied in various fields owing to the development of 3D printing materials and 3D printing techniques. Compared with other fabrication approaches, 3D printing possesses the advantages of high resolution, high accuracy, unique customizability, and repeatability. Therefore, 3D printing can be widely used to fabricate various microstructures, including micromotors, which are capable of converting external energies into motion and subsequently accomplishing various functions. To date, five types of 3D printing techniques have been used to fabricate self‐propelled micromotors with different structures, ingredients, and functions. This progress report summarizes 3D printing techniques for the fabrication of micromotors and introduces the potential biomedical applications of 3D printed micromotors. The advantages and disadvantages of each typical 3D printing method are discussed as well.
Wafer‐Scale Micro‐LEDs Transferred onto an Adhesive Film for Planar and Flexible Displays
Authors: Pan Zhangxu , Guo Chan , Wang Xianchi , Liu Jiucheng , Cao Ruimin , Gong Yanfen , Wang Jiantai , Liu Ningyang , Chen Zhitao , Wang Lihui , Ishikawa Masatoshi , Gong Zheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of micro‐sized light emitting diode (LED) displays has driven the research of micro‐LED mass‐transfer technology. To date, various transfer technologies are proposed, but ample room for improvements in the transfer yield and transfer accuracy still remains. Furthermore, whether these techniques are suited for the subsequent bonding process is not well investigated, which is essential for achieving a good electric connection between micro‐LEDs and driver electronics. Here a systematical solution, termed as “tape‐assisted laser transfer,” which is not only suited for high‐yield micro‐LED transfer but also well compatible with subsequent bonding process, is developed. Using a low‐cost adhesive tape as the support substrate, the method allows fast and wafer‐level transfer of micro‐LED with extremely high yield (≈99.8%) and minimized transfer displacement (<0.5 µm), based on a laser lift‐off (LLO) process. Combined with a shadow mask, the LLO process also allows the selective transfer of micro‐LED to the tape. Such thin film micro‐LEDs are well compatible with the subsequent “bumpless” bonding process using low‐melting point solder. Representative display devices including planar display and deformable display are further developed, suggesting the method has a good potential for developing high‐resolution micro‐LED display panels for the applications in VR/AR, wearables, and smart glasses.
Tris(benzhydryl) and Cationic Bis(benzhydryl) Ln(III) Complexes: Exceptional Thermostability and Catalytic Activity in Olefin Hydroarylation and Hydrobenzylation with Substituted Pyridines
Authors: Selikhov Alexander N. , Boronin Egor N. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Fukin Georgy K. , Shavyrin Andrey S. , Trifonov Alexander A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA series of Ln(III) tris(benzhydryl) complexes [(p‐tBu‐C6H4)2CH]3Ln (Ln=La (1), Nd (2), Y (3)) were synthesized by the salt metathesis reactions of LnHal3(THF)3.5(Ln=La, Nd, Hal=Cl; Ln=Y, Hal=I) and [(p‐tBu‐C6H4)2CH]Na. In1–3the benzhydryl ligands are linked with the metal centres inη4‐coordination mode. For diamagnetic complexes1and3a fluxional behaviour was detected in solution. Complexes1–3proved to be thermally stable: no decomposition was observed even after heating their solutions in toluene‐d8at 140 °C during 72 h. The reactions of1and2with B(C6F5)3allowed for the synthesis of base‐free cationic complexes [(p‐tBu‐C6H4)2CH]2Ln[(p‐tBu‐C6H4)2CHB(C6F5)3] (Ln=La (4), Nd (5)) which adopt the structure of a contact ion pair. Combinations of1–3and borane ((B(C6F5)3, [Me2NHPh][B(C6F5)4], [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]) as well as4and5were found to be highly efficient, regio‐ and chemoselective catalysts for hydroarylation and hydrobenzylation of C=C bonds of a variety of substrates with substituted pyridines. These catalysts enable highly challenging transformations such as hydrobenzylation of 1,1‐disubstituted and internal C=C bonds.magnified image
Differences in the Performance of Allyl Based Palladium Precatalysts for Suzuki‐Miyaura Reactions
Authors: Espinosa Matthew R. , Doppiu Angelino , Hazari Nilay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPalladium(II) precatalysts are used extensively to facilitate cross‐coupling reactions because they are bench stable and give high activity. As a result, precatalysts such as Buchwald's palladacycles, Organ's PEPPSI species, Nolan's allyl‐based complexes, and Yale's 1‐tert‐butylindenyl containing complexes, are all commercially available. Comparing the performance of the different classes of precatalysts is challenging because they are typically used under different conditions, in part because they are reduced to the active species via different pathways. However, within a particular class of precatalyst, it is easier to compare performance because they activate via similar pathways and are used under the same conditions. Here, we evaluate the activity of different allyl‐based precatalysts, such as (η3‐allyl)PdCl(L), (η3‐crotyl)PdCl(L), (η3‐cinnamyl)PdCl(L), and (η3‐1‐tert‐butylindenyl)PdCl(L) in Suzuki‐Miyaura reactions. Specifically, we evaluate precatalyst performance as the ancillary ligand (NHC or phosphine), reaction conditions, and substrates are varied. In some cases, we connect relative activity to both the mechanism of activation and the prevalence of the formation of inactive palladium(I) dimers. Additionally, we compare the performance of in situ generated precatalysts with commonly used palladium sources such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd2dba3), bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) (Pd(CH3CN)2Cl2), and palladium acetate. Our results provide information about which precatalyst to use under different conditions.magnified image
Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles: Physical Characteristics, Historical Perspective, Clinical Trials, Technological Challenges, and Recent Advances
Authors: Etemadi Hossein , Plieger Paul G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvances in nanotechnology have resulted in the introduction of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH), a promising noninvasive therapeutic localized cancer treatment. Exposure of a fluid of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) operating at biologically benign conditions leads to heat dissipation within the tumor and ultimate apoptosis and/or necrosis. Despite use in a clinical setting, there are still impediments preventing widespread use of MFH. These include insufficient heat dissipation potency of IONP fluid, inadequate dose or concentration of deposited fluid to the tumor, inhomogeneous distribution of fluid inside the tumor, the lack of control of real‐time monitoring of temperature rises during treatment, and exposure of the patients to X‐ray radiation produced by computed tomography (CT) scans. Accordingly, massive efforts have been put forth to promote the successful clinical adoption of MFH. In this contribution, the technique of MFH is described, including the present state of clinical MFH. The physical mechanisms behind heat dissipation by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that instigate cell death pathways are discussed, as is recent technological progress in the field toward the advancement of MFH. Finally, an outlook on the future considerations required to accelerate the clinical adoption of MFH is presented.
Engineered Microstructure Derived Hierarchical Deformation of Flexible Pressure Sensor Induces a Supersensitive Piezoresistive Property in Broad Pressure Range
Authors: Li Gang , Chen Duo , Li Chenglong , Liu Wenxia , Liu Hong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFabricating flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity in a broad pressure range is still a challenge. Herein, a flexible pressure sensor with engineered microstructures on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film is designed. The high performance of the sensor derives from its unique pyramid‐wall‐grid microstructure (PWGM). A square array of dome‐topped pyramids and crossed strengthening walls on the film forms a multiheight hierarchical microstructure. Two pieces of PWGM flexible PDMS film, stacked face‐to‐face, form a piezoresistive sensor endowed with ultrahigh sensitivity across a very broad pressure range. The sensitivity of the device is as high as 383 665.9 and 269 662.9 kPa−1 in the pressure ranges 0–1.6 and 1.6–6 kPa, respectively. In the higher pressure range of 6.1–11 kPa, the sensitivity is 48 689.1 kPa−1, and even in the very high pressure range of 11–56 kPa, it stays at 1266.8 kPa−1. The pressure sensor possesses excellent bending and torsional strain detection properties, is mechanically durable, and has potential applications in wearable biosensing for healthcare. In addition, 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 sensor arrays are prepared and characterized, suggesting the possibility of manufacturing a flexible tactile sensor.
Molecular Design and Operational Stability: Toward Stable 3D/2D Perovskite Interlayers
Authors: Paek Sanghyun , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Cho Kyung Taek , Franckevičius Marius , Kim Hobeom , Kanda Hiroyuke , Drigo Nikita , Lin Kun‐Han , Pei Mingyuan , Gegevičius Rokas , Yun Hyung Joong , Yang Hoichang , Schouwink Pascal A. , Corminboeuf Clémence , Asiri Abdullah M. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite organic/inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells becoming one of the most promising next‐generation photovoltaic materials, instability under heat and light soaking remains unsolved. In this work, a highly hydrophobic cation, perfluorobenzylammonium iodide (5FBzAI), is designed and a 2D perovskite with reinforced intermolecular interactions is engineered, providing improved passivation at the interface that reduces charge recombination and enhances cell stability compared with benchmark 2D systems. Motivated by the strong halogen bond interaction, (5FBzAI)2PbI4 used as a capping layer aligns in in‐plane crystal orientation, inducing a reproducible increase of ≈60 mV in the Voc, a twofold improvement compared with its analogous monofluorinated phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) recently reported. This endows the system with high power conversion efficiency of 21.65% and extended operational stability after 1100 h of continuous illumination, outlining directions for future work.
Rapid Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of D2O Metabolic Incorporation in a Single Bacterium
Authors: Zhang Meng , Hong Weili , Abutaleb Nader S. , Li Junjie , Dong Pu‐Ting , Zong Cheng , Wang Pu , Seleem Mohamed N. , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed for treating infections with appropriate antibiotics and slowing down the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Here, a phenotypic platform that rapidly produces AST results by femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering imaging of deuterium oxide (D2O) metabolism is reported. Metabolic incorporation of D2O into biomass in a single bacterium and the metabolic response to antibiotics are probed in as short as 10 min after culture in 70% D2O medium, the fastest among current technologies. Single‐cell metabolism inactivation concentration (SC‐MIC) is obtained in less than 2.5 h from colony to results. The SC‐MIC results of 37 sets of bacterial isolate samples, which include 8 major bacterial species and 14 different antibiotics often encountered in clinic, are validated by standard minimal inhibitory concentration blindly measured via broth microdilution. Toward clinical translation, stimulated Raman scattering imaging of D2O metabolic incorporation and SC‐MIC determination after 1 h antibiotic treatment and 30 min mixture of D2O and antibiotics incubation of bacteria in urine or whole blood is demonstrated.
Nano‐Dual‐Phase Metallic Glass Film Enhances Strength and Ductility of a Gradient Nanograined Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Yong , Wang Qing , Liu Xiaowei , Bao Yan , Wu Ge , Lu Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys are good candidates for applications with requirement of energy saving, taking advantage of their low density. However, the fewer slip systems of the hexagonal‐close‐packed (hcp) structure restrict ductility of Mg alloys. Here, a hybrid nanostructure concept is presented by combining nano‐dual‐phase metallic glass (NDP‐MG) and gradient nanograin structure in Mg alloys to achieve a higher yield strength (230 MPa, 31% improvement compared with the reference base alloy) and larger ductility (20%, threefold higher than the SMAT‐H sample), which breaks the strength–ductility trade‐off dilemma. This hybrid nanostructure is realized by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on the surface of a crystalline Mg alloy, and followed by physical vapor deposition of a Mg‐based NDP‐MG. The higher strength is provided by the nanograin layer generated by SMAT. The larger ductility is a synergistic effect of multiple shear bandings and nanocrystallization of the NDP‐MG, inhibition of crack propagation from the SMATed nanograined structure by the NDP‐MG, and strain‐induced grain growth in the SMATed nanograin layer. This hybrid nanostructure design provides a general route to render brittle alloys stronger and ductile, especially in hcp systems.
Superior Acetone Selectivity in Gas Mixtures by Catalyst‐Filtered Chemoresistive Sensors
Authors: Weber Ines C. , Braun Hugo P. , Krumeich Frank , Güntner Andreas T. , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAcetone is a toxic air pollutant and a key breath marker for non‐invasively monitoring fat metabolism. Its routine detection in realistic gas mixtures (i.e., human breath and indoor air), however, is challenging, as low‐cost acetone sensors suffer from insufficient selectivity. Here, a compact detector for acetone sensing is introduced, having unprecedented selectivity (>250) over the most challenging interferants (e.g., alcohols, aldehydes, aromatics, isoprene, ammonia, H2, and CO). That way, acetone is quantified with fast response (<1 min) down to, at least, 50 parts per billion (ppb) in gas mixtures with such interferants having up to two orders of magnitude higher concentration than acetone at realistic relative humidities (RH = 30–90%). The detector consists of a catalytic packed bed (30 mg) of flame‐made Al2O3 nanoparticles (120 m2 g−1) decorated with Pt nanoclusters (average size 9 nm) and a highly sensitive chemo‐resistive sensor made by flame aerosol deposition and in situ annealing of nanostructured Si‐doped ε‐WO3 (Si/WO3). Most importantly, the catalytic packed bed converts interferants continuously enabling highly selective acetone sensing even in the exhaled breath of a volunteer. The detector exhibits stable performance over, at least, 145 days at 90% RH, as validated by mass spectrometry.
The Coppery Age: Copper (Cu)‐Involved Nanotheranostics
Authors: Dong Caihong , Feng Wei , Xu Wenwen , Yu Luodan , Xiang Huiijng , Chen Yu , Zhou Jianqiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs an essential trace element in the human body, transitional metal copper (Cu) ions are the bioactive components within the body featuring dedicated biological effects such as promoting angiogenesis and influencing lipid/glucose metabolism. The recent substantial advances of nanotechnology and nanomedicine promote the emerging of distinctive Cu‐involved biomaterial nanoplatforms with intriguing theranostic performances in biomedicine, which are originated from the biological effects of Cu species and the physiochemical attributes of Cu‐composed nanoparticles. Based on the very‐recent significant progresses of Cu‐involved nanotheranostics, this work highlights and discusses the principles, progresses, and prospects on the elaborate design and rational construction of Cu‐composed functional nanoplatforms for a diverse array of biomedical applications, including photonic nanomedicine, catalytic nanotherapeutics, antibacteria, accelerated tissue regeneration, and bioimaging. The engineering of Cu‐based nanocomposites for synergistic nanotherapeutics is also exemplified, followed by revealing their intrinsic biological effects and biosafety for revolutionizing their clinical translation. Finally, the underlying critical concerns, unresolved hurdles, and future prospects on their clinical uses are analyzed and an outlook is provided. By entering the “Copper Age,” these Cu‐involved nanotherapeutic modalities are expected to find more broad biomedical applications in preclinical and clinical phases, despite the current research and developments still being in infancy.
Enhancement of Energy Transfer Efficiency with Structural Control of Multichromophore Light‐Harvesting Assembly
Authors: Oh Inhwan , Lee Hosoowi , Kim Tae Wu , Kim Chang Woo , Jun Sunhong , Kim Changwon , Choi Eun Hyuk , Rhee Young Min , Kim Jeongho , Jang Woo‐Dong , Ihee Hyotcherl 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultichromophore systems (MCSs) are envisioned as building blocks of molecular optoelectronic devices. While it is important to understand the characteristics of energy transfer in MCSs, the effect of multiple donors on energy transfer has not been understood completely, mainly due to the lack of a platform to investigate such an effect systematically. Here, a systematic study on how the number of donors (nD) and interchromophore distances affect the efficiency of energy transfer (ηFRET) is presented. Specifically, ηFRET is calculated for a series of model MCSs using simulations, a series of multiporphyrin dendrimers with systematic variation of nD and interdonor distances is synthesized, and ηFRETs of those dendrimers using transient absorption spectroscopy are measured. The simulations predict ηFRET in the multiporphyrin dendrimers well. In particular, it is found that ηFRET is enhanced by donor‐to‐donor energy transfer only when structural heterogeneity exists in an MCS, and the relationships between the ηFRET enhancement and the structural parameters of the MCS are revealed.
Patterning 2D Organic Crystalline Semiconductors via Thermally Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Duan Yiwei , Qian Jun , Guo Jianhang , Jiang Sai , Yang Chengdong , Wang Hengyuan , Wang Qijing , Shi Yi , Li Yun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFabricating 2D organic crystalline semiconductors (2DOCSs) in a patterned structure is an essential prerequisite for application toward large‐scale and high‐throughput manufacturing integrated devices. However, the deposition of 2DOCS arrays with structural perfection and thickness control through suitable solution‐based techniques remains challenging. Here, a promising patterning technique is proposed for high‐quality 2DOCS arrays with centimeter‐scale size and tunable molecular layer number via thermally induced self‐assembly (TISA). The achieved 2DOCS arrays exhibit superior carrier mobility and reliable performance uniformity. Field‐effect transistors yield maximum and average carrier mobilities of 13.40 and 9.21 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Furthermore, constructed vertical molecular heterostructure‐based planar diode arrays exhibit high electrical rectification (rectifying ratio of ≈104), gate tunability, and fast photoresponse speed. Therefore, the work paves the way toward rational design and construction of organic device arrays for high‐performance organic integrated circuits.
Maskless Formation of Conductive Carbon Layer on Leather for Highly Sensitive Flexible Strain Sensors
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Chen Bo , Sun Shibin , Pan Likun , Gao Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDevelopment of strain sensors on flexible and breathable leather or textile has potential applications in Internet of Things, human–machine interfaces, and motion detection. Nevertheless, the fabrication of strain sensors with high performance on the above substrates in a maskless, scalable, and highly efficient manner is still a challenge. In this study, highly sensitive strain sensors are mask‐freely fabricated on leather by a highly efficient and scalable laser direct writing (LDW) technique in open air without using any additional precursors. The strain sensors are constructed by the carbon flake synthesized by LDW carbonization of collagen fibers in the leather. The LDW carbonized leather‐based device provides maximum sensitivities of ≈2009.5 and ≈50.9 for tension and compression strain detection, respectively. Additionally, the device has a minimum detection strain of 0.005% and a good mechanical stability over 10 000 bending cycles. The high performance of the flexible strain sensors as well as the developed maskless, scalable and highly efficient LDW technique endows the promising applications of the devices in human motion monitoring and external stimuli detection.