bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophy of Museums
Authors: Harrison Victoria S. , Tonner Philip 
Published: March 2020

Museums and their practices of collection, curation, and exhibition raise a host of philosophical questions. The philosophy of museums is a relatively new and growing subdiscipline within the academic field of philosophy. While only recently taking shape as a distinct area, this subdiscipline builds upon a tradition of interest in museums that has been taken up by prominent philosophers, such as Theodor Adorno (Prisms 1967) and Michel Foucault (Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology 1998). Philosophers active in the philosophy of museums are less concerned with intra-disciplinary differences (between, e.g., “continental philosophy” and “analytic philosophy” and their recent permutations) than they are with thinking about the museum on its own terms as a phenomenon calling for philosophical engagement. Indeed, as Beth Lord put it, the basic conviction among scholars in this area is that “philosophy can help us to think about museums, [and] . . . that museums can contribute to philosophical thinking” (Philosophy and the museum. Museum Management and Curatorship 21.2 (2006): 80). As such, the promise of the philosophy of museums is that, despite it being a subfield of a larger discipline, it will enable a fresh look at its parent discipline while also prompting the development of new perspectives on more traditional philosophical questions. Philosophical approaches will also help us to understand museums and their objects in myriad new ways, as this emerging discipline within the broad church of philosophy matures over the coming years. Although many of the philosophical questions raised by museums are ethical, the philosophy of museums goes beyond the confines of any single established area of philosophy, such as ethics, aesthetics, or metaphysics. Work within the philosophy of museums thus now ranges over themes such as philosophical museology, the epistemological and ethical dimension of humanity and social life, culture, and religion, as well as those more directly connected to issues arising from museum practices of curation, conservation, and exhibition. The philosophy of museums is not entirely independent of scholarship within the field of museum studies, therefore, this article makes reference not only to works that are philosophical in a narrow sense but also to work of philosophical interest within museum studies and more occasionally to scholarship within other disciplines such as anthropology and history.
Follow-up survey of patients with occupational asthma
Authors: Feary J , Cannon J , Fitzgerald B , Szram J , Schofield S , Cullinan P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Occupational asthma (OA) is often associated with a poor prognosis and the impact of a diagnosis on an individual’s career and income can be significant.

Aims
We sought to understand the consequences of a diagnosis of OA to patients attending our clinic.

Methods
Using a postal questionnaire, we surveyed all patients attending our specialist occupational lung disease clinic 1 year after having received a diagnosis of OA due to a sensitizer (n = 125). We enquired about their current health and employment status and impact of their diagnosis on various aspects of their life. Additional information was collected by review of clinical records.

Results
We received responses from 71 (57%) patients; 77% were referred by an occupational health (OH) provider. The median duration of symptoms prior to referral was 18 months (interquartile range (IQR) 8–48). At 1 year, 79% respondents were no longer exposed to the causal agent. Whilst the unexposed patients reported an improvement in symptoms compared with those still exposed (82% versus 53%; P = 0.023), they had poorer outcomes in terms of career, income and how they felt treated by their employer; particularly those not currently employed. Almost all (&gt;90%) of those still employed had been referred by an OH provider compared with 56% of those currently unemployed (P = 0.002)x.

Conclusions
The negative impact of OA on people’s careers, livelihood and quality of life should not be underestimated. However, with early detection and specialist care, the prognosis is often good and particularly so for those with access to occupational health.
Indirect Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection in a US Marine After Training in Australia
Authors: Larson Derek T , Schully Kevin L , Spall Ammarah , Lawler James V , Maves Ryan C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In 2012, the United States Marine Corps began annual deployments around Australia, including highly endemic areas for Burkholderia pseudomallei. B. pseudomallei infection, or melioidosis, is difficult to diagnose, and culture remains the gold standard. Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential, however, to ensuring appropriate therapy. Ten days after returning from Australia, a Marine presented to a community hospital with massive cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, and cough. Computed tomography demonstrated scattered pulmonary infiltrates with small cavitations; lymphadenopathy involving the cervical, supraclavicular, and mediastinal nodes; and splenomegaly. Sputum and blood cultures were negative. Empiric antimicrobial therapy with ceftazidime was initiated for suspected melioidosis. Retrospectively, a prototype iSTAT cartridge modified to detect B. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide antigen was used to test a specimen of the patient’s blood and was determined to be positive. Over the course of therapy, B. pseudomallei capsular antigen levels in blood declined as the patient improved. The leveraging of an existing point-of-care (POC) analyzer to create a rapid diagnostic assay for melioidosis provides a template for rapid POC diagnostics that could significantly improve the ability of clinicians to deliver timely and appropriate therapy for serious infections.
FOREST unbiased Galactic plane imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope (FUGIN). VII. Molecular fraction of H i clouds
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Fujita Shinji , Tachihara Kengo , Izumi Natsuko , Matsuo Mitsuhiro , Umemoto Tomofumi , Oasa Yumiko , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyze molecular-gas formation in neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) clouds using the latest CO data, obtained from the FOREST (four-beam receiver system on the 45 m telescope) unbiased Galactic plane imaging survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, and using H i data taken from the Very Large Array Galactic plane survey. We applied a dendrogram algorithm to the H i data cube to identify H i clouds, and we calculated the H i mass and molecular-gas mass by summing the CO line intensity within each H i cloud. On the basis of the results, we created a catalog of 5737 identified H i clouds with local standard of rest (LSR) velocity of VLSR ≤ −20 km s−1 in galactic longitude and latitude ranges of 20° ≤ l ≤ 50° and −1° ≤ b ≤ 1°, respectively. We found that most of the H i clouds are distributed within a Galactocentric distance of 16 kpc, and most of them are in the cold neutral medium phase. In addition, we determined that the high-mass end of the H i mass function is fitted well with a power-law function with an index of 2.3. Although two sequences of self-gravitating and diffuse clouds are expected to appear in the M tot–$M_{\,{\rm H}_2}$ diagram according to previous works based on a plane-parallel model, the observational data show only a single sequence with large scattering within these two sequences. This implies that most of the clouds are mixtures of these two types of clouds. Moreover, we suggest the following scenario of molecular-gas formation: an H i-dominant cloud evolved with increasing H2 mass along a path of $M_{\,{\rm H}_2} \propto M_{\,\rm tot}^2$ by collecting diffuse gas before reaching and moving along the curves of the two sequences.
Effectiveness and safety of 12-month certolizumab pegol treatment for axial spondyloarthritis in real-world clinical practice in Europe
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Witte Torsten , De Clerck Luc , Frediani Bruno , Collantes-Estévez Eduardo , Katsifis Gkikas , VanLunen Brenda , Kleine Elisabeth , Hoepken Bengt , Bauer Lars , Goodson Nicola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe efficacy and safety of certolizumab pegol (CZP), an Fc-free, PEGylated anti-TNF, in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has been established in clinical trial settings. We report CZP effectiveness and safety in European clinical practice in patients with axSpA, including radiographic (r-) and non-radiographic (nr-) axSpA.MethodsCIMAX (NCT02354105), a European non-interventional multicentre prospective study, observed CZP treatment response and safety over 12 months in a real-world axSpA cohort. The primary outcome was change from baseline in BASDAI to week 52, with additional outcomes pertaining to effectiveness and safety. Patients who received ≥1 dose CZP were followed up for adverse events, and those with baseline and ≥1 post-baseline BASDAI assessment were included in effectiveness analyses.ResultsA total of 672 patients (r-axSpA: 469; nr-axSpA: 201; unconfirmed diagnosis: 2) from 101 sites received ≥1 dose of CZP, of whom 564 (r-axSpA: 384; nr-axSpA: 179; unconfirmed: 1) were included in the effectiveness analyses. The mean baseline BASDAI was 6.1 in the overall axSpA population and r-axSpA and nr-axSpA subpopulations. At week 52, the mean (s.d.) change in BASDAI was −2.9 (2.3; n = 439); for r-axSpA and nr-axSpA, it was −2.9 (2.2; n = 301) and −2.8 (2.4; n = 137), respectively (P &lt;0.0001 for all). Similar improvements were seen across other axSpA disease measures. In total, 37.9% (255/672) patients experienced adverse events, and 1.8% (12/672) experienced ≥1 serious adverse events.ConclusionImprovements observed in signs and symptoms of axSpA following one year of CZP treatment in real-world clinical practice were similar to those from previous randomized clinical trials, with no new safety concerns.
A novel treatment for psoriatic arthritis: Janus kinase inhibitors
Authors: Chen Miao , Dai Sheng-Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a type of chronic inflammatory arthritis which is associated with psoriasis. The early recognition and treatment for PsA are of critical importance. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, as a kind of orally small molecules, have emerged as an encouraging class of drug in PsA treatment. This review provides a discussion of the role and current status of JAK inhibitors in the control of PsA. There are three JAK inhibitors approved for use in autoimmune diseases, for example, tofacitinib, baricitinib, and upadacitinib, and only tofacitinib has been approved in PsA treatment. The clinical trials of upadacitinib and filgotinib in PsA patients are undergoing. The efficacy and safety of these agents were briefly discussed. Although there are still issues in terms of their efficacy and safety currently, JAK inhibitors are expected to benefit more PsA patients in future.
Identification of populations likely to benefit from pharmacogenomic testing
Authors: Heise Craig William , Gallo Tyler , Curry Steven C. , Woosley Raymond L. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Pharmacogenomic testing (PGX) implementation is rapidly expanding, including pre-emptive testing funded by health systems. PGX continues to develop an evidence base that it saves money and improves clinical outcomes. Identifying the potential impact of pre-emptive testing in specific populations may aid in the development of a business case.

Methods
We utilized a software tool that can evaluate patient drug lists and identified groups of patients most likely to benefit from implementation of a PGX testing program in a major medical system population.

Results
Medication lists were obtained for sixteen patient groups with a total of 82 613 patients. The percent of patients in each group with testing ‘Recommended’, ‘Strongly recommended’, or ‘Required’ ranged from 12.7% in the outpatient pediatric psychiatry group to 75.7% in the any adult inpatient age >50 years group. Some of the highest yield drugs identified were citalopram, simvastatin, escitalopram, metoprolol, clopidogrel, tramadol, and ondansetron.

Conclusion
We demonstrate a significant number of patients in each group may have benefit, but targeting certain ones for pre-emptive testing may result in the initial highest yield for a health system.
Assessment of Epidemiological Trends in Craniosynostosis: Limitations of the Current Classification System
Authors: Gonzalez Santiago R. , Light Jeremy G. , Golinko Michael S. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Craniosynostosis affects 1 in 2,000 live births, which makes it one of the most common craniofacial abnormalities in the United States. Despite this fact, few national epidemiologic reports exist, although US and European studies have reported an increased incidence of metopic craniosynostosis. The aim of our study is to analyze the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to support those conclusions.

Methods:
We identified hospitalizations from 1998 to 2012 by using the ICD-9-CM diagnosis code for congenital anomalies of skull and face bones (756.0) and procedure codes related to craniosynostosis repair (2.01, 2.03, 2.04, 2.06).

Results:
We analyzed data from 37,815 hospitalizations and 49,505 reconstructive procedures. There was a 61.6% increase in the number of hospitalizations related to craniosynostosis repairs. There was a 180% increase in bone graft to skull procedures, 109% increase in other cranial osteoplasty, 54% increase in formation of cranial bone flap, and a 6% decrease in opening of cranial suture.

Conclusions:
We observed a steady rise in the number of craniosynostosis repairs performed, but whether this is a result of a true increase in incidence, better diagnosis, or change in treatment patterns needs further research. The current classification system does not provide information about the specific suture affected (metopic, sagittal, etc.), the type of repair performed (endoscopic, fronto-orbito advancement, etc.), and whether the repair is a primary procedure or a revision. More descriptive diagnosis and procedural codes are imperative to improve the epidemiologic and outcomes data of craniosynostosis in the United States.
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Combined with a Vascularized Pedicled Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface
Authors: Valerio Ian , Schulz Steven A. , West Julie , Westenberg Ritsaart F. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
Symptomatic neuromas and pain caused by nerve transection injuries can adversely impact a patient’s recovery, while also contributing to increased dependence on opioid and other pharmacotherapy. These sources of pain are magnified following amputation surgeries, inhibiting optimal prosthetic wear and function. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces (RPNI) represent modern advances in addressing amputated peripheral nerves. These techniques offer solutions by essentially providing neuromuscular targets for transected peripheral nerves “to grow into and reinnervate.” Recent described benefits of these techniques include reports on pain reduction or ablation (eg, phantom limb pain, residual limb pain, and/or neuroma pain).
1–6
We describe a technical adaptation combining TMR with a “pedicled vascularized RPNI (vRPNI).” The TMR with the vRPNI surgical technique described offers the advantage of having a distal target nerve and a target muscle possessing deinnervated motor end plates which may potentially enhance nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation, while also decreasing amputated nerve-related pain.
Intraosseous Ganglion Cyst of the Sternoclavicular Joint
Authors: Maeba Takahiro , Kahara Naoaki 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
We report the case of a 63-year-old man who presented with a mass on the right clavicle near the sternoclavicular joint. He had received prior puncturing treatment, but relapsed each time. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the mass was a ganglion cyst, which appeared to be connected to the right clavicle. Excisional biopsy revealed that the cyst was an intraosseous ganglion cyst, and the cavity was connected to the sternoclavicular joint. The cavity was filled with an artificial bone graft after curettage to prevent fracture. Histological examination showed that the cyst wall had no lining cells and consisted of fibrous connective tissue. To the best our knowledge, this case is the first report of an intraosseous ganglion cyst of the sternoclavicular joint.
Sternocostal instability after Ravitch repair in adolescents; 3 case-reports and a review of surgical techniques in the literature
Authors: de Beer Sjoerd A. , van Heurn Ernst L. W. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Ravitch repair is a common surgical procedure to correct chest wall deformities. In this procedure, a subperichondreal cartilage resection of the deformed parasternal cartilage, and if necessary a repositioning of the sternum, is performed. Insufficient regeneration of the resected cartilage may result in sternocostal instability or even floating sternum. This rare complication presents with symptoms of pain and exercise intolerance.

Methods:
We describe sternocostal instability in 3 adolescent patients after the Ravitch procedure for pectus carinatum and reviewed the literature on this topic.

Results:
Our patients suffered different degrees of instability. In all cases, we eventually achieved a satisfactory outcome. There is little literature on sternocostal instability. It is a rare complication, mainly occurring after reoperation by damaging the perichondrium.

Conclusions:
Malunion of costal cartilage is a rare complication of open pectus repair. To achieve the best regeneration and stability of the sternum, less extended resection of cartilage should be performed and the number of cartilages resected should be limited. The perichondrium must be kept intact. Autologous grafts, growth-enhancing materials, and metal or bioabsorbable struts may contribute to stabilization and regeneration of the cartilage.
Large Viable Fat Nodules, Months Post-Transfer, inside Radiated Breast Implant Pocket: A Case Report
Authors: Hagarty Sarah E. , Santos Edward F. , Luo Jessica 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
The cell survival theory and the cell replacement theory contribute to the current thinking regarding free adipose graft persistence after transplantation and influence the principles applied to autologous fat transfer procedures. Both theories necessitate the reestablishment of circulation for graft survival. To minimize ischemic death, according to Khouri, fat grafts should be injected with at most 1.6-mm-wide ribbons to optimize the graft-to-recipient interface for oxygen diffusion and neovascularization. The graft is eventually incorporated into the surrounding tissue. We present a curious intraoperative finding, in a 51-year-old woman 2.5 months post-grafting for failed implant reconstruction after radiation. Several large, well-circumscribed, clearly viable adipose tissue nodules, up to 2 cm in diameter, were present inside the capsule. These were so loosely attached to the capsule of the breast pocket that a mere gentle hand sweep and irrigation after opening the cavity caused them to dislodge and float to the surface of the irrigation fluid. This finding begs additional questions about the current understanding of the mechanisms of tissue viability after grafting. It raises the clinical possibility that larger aliquots of transferred fat can be viable than previously perceived.
Systematic Review of Clinical Decision Support Systems for Prehospital Acute Coronary Syndrome Identification
Authors: Knoery Charles Richard , Heaton Janet , Polson Rob , Bond Raymond , Iftikhar Aleeha , Rjoob Khaled , McGilligan Victoria , Peace Aaron , Leslie Stephen James 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
Timely prehospital diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are required to achieve optimal outcomes. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are platforms designed to integrate multiple data and can aid with management decisions in the prehospital environment. The review aim was to describe the accuracy of CDSS and individual components in the prehospital ACS management.

Methods:
This systematic review examined the current literature regarding the accuracy of CDSS for ACS in the prehospital setting, the influence of computer-aided decision-making and of 4 components: electrocardiogram, biomarkers, patient history, and examination findings. The impact of these components on sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was assessed.

Results:
A total of 11,439 articles were identified from a search of databases, of which 199 were screened against the eligibility criteria. Eight studies were found to meet the eligibility and quality criteria. There was marked heterogeneity between studies which precluded formal meta-analysis. However, individual components analysis found that patient history led to significant improvement in the sensitivity and negative predictive values. CDSS which incorporated all 4 components tended to show higher sensitivities and negative predictive values. CDSS incorporating computer-aided electrocardiogram diagnosis showed higher specificities and positive predictive values.

Conclusions:
Although heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis, this review emphasizes the potential of ACS CDSS in prehospital environments that incorporate patient history in addition to integration of multiple components. The higher sensitivity of certain components, along with higher specificity of computer-aided decision-making, highlights the opportunity for developing an integrated algorithm with computer-aided decision support.
Community Health Workers Reduce Rehospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits for Low-Socioeconomic Urban Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Vohra Adam S. , Chua Rhys F. M. , Besser Stephanie A. , Alcain Charina F. , Basnet Sweta , Battle Brenda , Coplan Mitchell J. , Liao James K. , Tabit Corey E. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Low-socioeconomic, urban, minority patients with heart failure (HF) often have unique barriers to care. Community health workers (CHWs) are specially trained laypeople who serve as liaisons between underserved communities and the health system. It is not known whether CHWs improve outcomes in low-socioeconomic, urban, minority patients with HF.

Hypothesis:
CHWs reduce rehospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits, and healthcare costs for low-socioeconomic urban patients with HF.

Methods:
Patients admitted with acute decompensated HF were assigned to receive weekly visits by CHW after discharge. Patients were propensity score matched with controls who received usual care. HF-related rehospitalizations, ED visits, and inpatient costs were compared for 12 months following index admission versus the same period before.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients who received weekly visits from a CHW for 12 months after discharge were matched with 28 control patients who did not receive CHWs. Patients who received a CHW had a 75% decrease in HF-related ED visits (0.71 vs. 0.18 visits per patient, P < 0.001), an 89% decrease in HF-related readmissions (0.64 vs. 0.07 admissions per patient, P < 0.005), and a significant decrease in inpatient cost for HF-related visits. In controls receiving usual care, there was no significant change in hospitalizations, ED visits, or costs.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, CHWs are associated with reduced rehospitalizations, ED visits, and inpatient costs in low-socioeconomic, urban, minority patients with HF. CHWs may be a cost-effective method to reduce health care utilization and improve outcomes for this population.