bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Chromosome Evolution in Muscid Flies
Authors: Meisel Richard P , Olafson Pia U , Adhikari Kiran , Guerrero Felix D , Konganti Kranti , Benoit Joshua B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSex chromosomes and sex determining genes can evolve fast, with the sex-linked chromosomes often differing between closely related species. Population genetics theory has been developed and tested to explain the rapid evolution of sex chromosomes and sex determination. However, we do not know why the sex chromosomes are divergent in some taxa and conserved in others. Addressing this question requires comparing closely related taxa with conserved and divergent sex chromosomes to identify biological features that could explain these differences. Cytological karyotypes suggest that muscid flies (e.g., house fly) and blow flies are such a taxonomic pair. The sex chromosomes appear to differ across muscid species, whereas they are conserved across blow flies. Despite the cytological evidence, we do not know the extent to which muscid sex chromosomes are independently derived along different evolutionary lineages. To address that question, we used genomic and transcriptomic sequence data to identify young sex chromosomes in two closely related muscid species, horn fly (Haematobia irritans) and stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). We provide evidence that the nascent sex chromosomes of horn fly and stable fly were derived independently from each other and from the young sex chromosomes of the closely related house fly (Musca domestica). We present three different scenarios that could have given rise to the sex chromosomes of horn fly and stable fly, and we describe how the scenarios could be distinguished. Distinguishing between these scenarios in future work could identify features of muscid genomes that promote sex chromosome divergence.
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Breakthrough Infections: 2001–2016
Authors: Adebanjo Tolulope A. , Pondo Tracy , Yankey David , Hill Holly A. , Gierke Ryan , Apostol Mirasol , Barnes Meghan , Petit Susan , Farley Monica , Harrison Lee H. , Holtzman Corinne , Baumbach Joan , Bennett Nancy , McGuire Suzanne , Thomas Ann , Schaffner William , Beall Bernard , Whitney Cynthia G. , Pilishvili Tamara 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:
Most countries use 3-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedules; a 4-dose (3 primary and 1 booster) schedule is licensed for US infants. We evaluated the invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) breakthrough infection incidence in children receiving 2 vs 3 primary PCV doses with and without booster doses (2 + 1 vs 3 + 1; 2 + 0 vs 3 + 0).

METHODS:
We used 2001–2016 Active Bacterial Core surveillance data to identify breakthrough infections (vaccine-type IPD in children receiving ≥1 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV7] or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV13] dose) among children aged &lt;5 years. We estimated schedule-specific IPD incidence rates (IRs) per 100 000 person-years and compared incidence by schedule (2 + 1 vs 3 + 1; 2 + 0 vs 3 + 0) using rate differences (RDs) and incidence rate ratios.

RESULTS:
We identified 71 PCV7 and 49 PCV13 breakthrough infections among children receiving a schedule of interest. PCV13 breakthrough infection rates were higher in children aged &lt;1 year receiving the 2 + 0 (IR: 7.8) vs 3 + 0 (IR: 0.6) schedule (incidence rate ratio: 12.9; 95% confidence interval: 4.1–40.4); PCV7 results were similar. Differences in PCV13 breakthrough infection rates by schedule in children aged &lt;1 year were larger in 2010–2011 (2 + 0 IR: 18.6; 3 + 0 IR: 1.4; RD: 16.6) vs 2012–2016 (2 + 0 IR: 3.6; 3 + 0 IR: 0.2; RD: 3.4). No differences between schedules were detected in children aged ≥1 year for PCV13 breakthrough infections.

CONCLUSIONS:
Fewer PCV breakthrough infections occurred in the first year of life with 3 primary doses. Differences in breakthrough infection rates by schedule decreased as vaccine serotypes decreased in circulation.
CORAL REEF CONDITION IN RELATION TO CORAL REEF FISH ABUNDANCES BEFORE MASS BLEACHING EVENT IN SIMEULUE ISLANDS, ACEH
Authors: Wisha Ulung Jantama , Ondara Koko , Gemilang Wisnu Arya , Rahmawan Guntur Adhi , Dhiauddin Ruzana , Ilham Ilham 
Published: February 2020

Bordered with the Indian Ocean, Simeulue Islands is one of the outermost islands in Indonesia located in the west part of Aceh Province. Simeulue waters are productive areas due to the unpolluted condition yet and great of biomass. Three regions were particularly observed, those are Simeuluecut, Ganting, and Labuhan Bajau. In those areas, the existing marine tourism activities might influence the coral reef ecosystem studied. This study aimed to evaluate the condition of coral and coral reef fish in those three particular regions before mass bleaching event in 2016 triggered by ENSO. Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method was employed to record the percentage cover of coral, species diversity, and coral reef fish. Ganting waters was a moderate ecosystem area whith the percentage coverage was up to 45.62%. However, in Simeuluecut and Labuhan Bajau waters, the coral reef communities were excellent with coral percentage coverage reached 83.12% and 81.25 %, respectively. The highest abundance genera of coral reef fish was observed in Simueluecut waters. This condition was changed oppositely in 2016 when mass bleaching threatened Simeulue waters due to temperature anomaly triggered by ENSO phenomenon. The temperature increases almost 3oC for 6 months that undoubtedly induced bleaching that about 50% of coral colonies were dramatically declined in coral coverage and coral recruitment.
Автоматизації замісу тіста з використанням нейронної мережі.
Authors: Жигайло О. М. , Нечепуренко В. В. , Добровольський В. В. 
Published: February 2020

На сучасних хлібопекарських підприємствах продовжує існувати проблема отримання якісного хліба. Вона виникає внаслідок постійної зміни властивостей як основної сировини (борошна) так і допоміжних рецептурних компонентів (дріжджів, концентрату молочно-кислої закваски, цукрових та соляних розчинів). Тому технологи-хлібопекарі, з метою підвищення якості результатів процесу замісу тіста, використовують різноманітні програми управління тістомісильними машинами. Вибір цих програм не обходиться без втручання “людського фактору”, а це може негативно вплинути на кінцевий результат. Якщо реалізовувати більш ефективне реагування на ці зміни під час замісу, то можна добитися підвищення рівня стабільності якісних показників готового тіста на всіх подальших етапах його обробки.
Для пошуку можливостей вирішення цієї задачі пропонується проведення аналізу кластерної структури партій борошна, що відрізняються по показникам якості (число падіння, кількість клейковини та якість клейковини), а також дослідження результатів замісу тіста при різних програмах та з різними партіями борошна. Було підтверджено вплив хлібопекарних властивостей борошна на взаємозв’язок тривалості та інтенсивності замісу з якістю тіста, що виготовлюється. Це обумовило доцільність формування програм для тістомісильної машини на основі результатів кластерного аналізу, який надає можливість отримати додаткову, корисну інформацію для автоматизації процесу управління. Тому запропонована реалізація алгоритму автоматичного вибору програми замісу тіста для тістомісильної машини та її корегування під час замісу за допомогою штучних нейронних мереж.
Корегування залежить від реологічних властивостей тіста на які, в першу чергу, впливає сила борошна. Саме вона забезпечує процес його формування з необхідними структурно-механічними властивостями (пружність, пластичність, еластичність, в’язкість), які поєднуються і постійно змінюються в ході технологічного процесу. Оцінка цих властивостей тіста, має більш інтегральні ознаки, більш об’єктивна. Для цього можуть використовуватися два варіанти: 1) експериментальний заміс на фаринографі з реєстрацією фаринограми в електронному вигляді; 2) вимірювання та реєстрація активної потужності споживаної електроприводом місильного органу під час замісу тіста. Далі, по зареєстрованим даним, проводиться автоматичний розрахунок необхідних показників властивостей тіста і здійснюється корегування параметрів програми замісу.
RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: carbonation and chloride penetration testing of alkali-activated concretes
Authors: Gluth Gregor J. G. , Arbi Kamel , Bernal Susan A. , Bondar Dali , Castel Arnaud , Chithiraputhiran Sundararaman , Dehghan Alireza , Dombrowski-Daube Katja , Dubey Ashish , Ducman Vilma , Peterson Karl , Pipilikaki Penny , Valcke Siska L. A. , Ye Guang , Zuo Yibing , Provis John L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany standardised durability testing methods have been developed for Portland cement-based concretes, but require validation to determine whether they are also applicable to alkali-activated materials. To address this question, RILEM TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ carried out round robin testing of carbonation and chloride penetration test methods, applied to five different alkali-activated concretes based on fly ash, blast furnace slag or metakaolin. The methods appeared overall to demonstrate an intrinsic precision comparable to their precision when applied to conventional concretes. The ranking of test outcomes for pairs of concretes of similar binder chemistry was satisfactory, but rankings were not always reliable when comparing alkali-activated concretes based on different precursors. Accelerated carbonation testing gave similar results for fly ash-based and blast furnace slag-based alkali-activated concretes, whereas natural carbonation testing did not. Carbonation of concrete specimens was observed to have occurred already during curing, which has implications for extrapolation of carbonation testing results to longer service life periods. Accelerated chloride penetration testing according to NT BUILD 443 ranked the tested concretes consistently, while this was not the case for the rapid chloride migration test. Both of these chloride penetration testing methods exhibited comparatively low precision when applied to blast furnace slag-based concretes which are more resistant to chloride ingress than the other materials tested.
Análisis del desempeño docente en la educación para el emprendimiento en un contexto español
Authors: López Belmonte Jesús , Pozo Sánchez Santiago , Fuentes Cabrera Arturo , Rodríguez García Antonio Manuel 
Published: February 2020

La precariedad laboral actual y la ausencia de iniciativa emprendedora en los jóvenes hacen necesario el fomento de una educación para el emprendimiento en el espacio escolar para despertar en los discentes la creatividad, la innovación, la autonomía y la búsqueda de oportunidades. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el estado actual de la educación para el emprendimiento en el profesorado de centros educativos de Granada (España). Para ello, se ha empleado un cuestionario ad hoc para la recogida de datos y una metodología descriptiva con un diseño no experimental por método de encuesta, con un análisis de estadísticos descriptivos y correlacionales bivariados. La muestra se compone de 312 docentes. Se concluye que la educación para el emprendimiento en tal ciudad sigue en auge, aunque todavía queda un importante margen de mejora para su asentamiento. Los docentes recurren, con escasas dificultades, a una metodología tradicional y a un enfoque teórico para el tratamiento de la competencia emprendedora, lo que implica una instrucción desactualizada y poco motivadora para el alumnado. Ambos géneros docentes fomentan la educación emprendedora aunque potencian finalidades distintas, siendo necesario un reparto más equitativo para una formación integral del discente.
EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR RARE EARTH ELEMENT (REE) DEPOSITS RELATED TO THE BORBOREMA PEGMATITE PROVINCE IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL.
Authors: Beurlen Hartmut , Rhede Dieter , Thomas Rainer , Da Silva Marcelo Reis , Soares Dwight R. 
Published: February 2020

Análises de Elementos de Terras Raras (ETR) com microssonda eletrônica em xenotima, monazita, zircão, torita e uraninita de diferentes fácies de granitos pegmatíticos, supostos serem fonte de pegmatitos complexos de elementos raros (REL) na Província |Pegmatítica da Borborema (PPB) no Nordeste do Brasil, mostraram que a xenotima e monazita são os acessórios mais frequentes com significativa de (ETR). Conteúdos médios de Nd e Eu em monazita são respectivamente de 13,06 e 0,54 % peso dos óxidos e de Dy, Yb, Gd, e Er respectivamente de 4,77, 3,39, 3,15 e 3,86 em xenotima, considerando apenas os óxidos de ETR mais caros no mercado. Os outros acessórios analisados, como zircão, torita, uraninita não apresentaram teores significativos de ETR. As reduzidas frequências modais da xenotima e monazita tanto nos granitos pegmatíticos como nos próprios pegmatitos tornam uma exploração das rochas duras impraticáveis. Os minerais com maior enriquecimento de ETR poderiam ser concentrados e explotados em placeres fluviais no âmbito da Província Pegmatítica. Há também a possibilidade de enriquecimento dos ETR a partir dos granitos parentais e pegmatitos na interseção dos plateaus paleo-geomorfológicos culminados pelos sedimentos siliciclasticos e caulinizados da Formação Serra dos Martins. Isto porque, na inconformidade na base da mesma ocorreu lateritização e intensa e profunda caulinização no embasamento cristalino subjacente, em condições similiares às das jazidas de “adsorção iônica” (hoje também conhecidas como “hospedadas em regolito caulinizado”, como Zudong, maior jazida de terras raras pesadas) na China.
Inmunohistoquímica en patología de mama. Diferenciación de lesiones complejas benignas y malignas de mama. Un reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Herrera-Arias Omaira del Socorro , Díaz-Cardona Jaime 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: revisar las bases histológicas y los criterios diagnósticos diferenciales de la aplicación de la inmunohistoquímica en la patología mamaria.Caso clínico : se presenta el caso de una paciente con lesión mamaria esclerosante compleja, tipo adenosis microglandular (MGA), que requirió el uso de inmunohistoquímica como técnica auxiliar para diferenciar la lesión de un adenocarcinoma de mama in situ, y definir así el tratamiento.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda de la información en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, SciELO y en libros de la especialidad. Se reportaron 25 títulos, 12 correspondían con el tema: 4 reportes de caso, 1 con revisión de la literatura, una carta al editor y 7 artículos relacionados de forma más general con el tema.Conclusión: la inmunohistoquímica permite hacer el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones mamarias complejas, como la adenosis esclerosante y el cáncer de mama in situ o microinvasor.
The relationship between the CYP2C19*17 genetic polymorphism and the efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Skryabin V. Yu. , Zastrozhin M. S. , Grishina E. A. , Ryzhikova K. A. , Shipitsyn V. V. , Barna I. V. , Galaktionova T. E. , Sorokin A. S. , Bryun E. A. , Sychev D. A. 
Published: February 2020

The aim of our study was to study the relationship between the CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and the efficacy and safety of diazepam in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome in order to develop algorithms for optimizing the therapy of diazepam to reduce the risk of dose-dependent adverse drug reactions and pharmacoresistance.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 30 Russian male patients suffering from alcohol withdrawal syndrome. For the treatment of anxiety, fear and emotional tension, patients received diazepam in injections at a dosage of 30,0 mg / day for 5 days. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific hybridization. The efficacy and safety assessment was performed using psychometric scales and scales for assessing the severity of adverse drug reactions: the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale, the visual-analogue scale of the craving for alcohol, and the side-effect scale.Results. Based on the results of the study, we revealed the differences in the efficacy of therapy in patients with different CYP2C19 -806C>T genotypes: (CC) –12,0 [–15,0; –8,0], (CT + TT) –7.0 [–14,0; –5,0], p = 0,001. The scores on the UKU scale, which was used to evaluate the safety of therapy, were also different: (CC) 8,0 [6,0; 12,0], (CT + TT) 6,0 [6,0; 12,0], p = 0,006.Conclusion. The relationships between the CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and the efficacy and safety of diazepam were demonstrated. This should be taken into consideration when prescribing this drug to such patients in order to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and pharmacoresistance.
Analysis of probable predictors of aggressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Spirin N. N. , Kiseleva E. V. , Spirina N. N. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: to study the probable laboratory predictors of aggressive multiple sclerosis.Materials and methods. Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), antibodies to thyroperoxidase and markers of endothelial dysfunction in blood serum were determined in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). These indicators were analyzed for different courses of the demyelinating process, for different severity of neurological disorders, and for various sizes of focal lesions on magnetic resonance images.Results. In patients with aggressive multiple sclerosis, higher titers of antibodies to both myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and thyroperoxidase were detected. A relationship between von Willebrand factor (vWf) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the stage of multiple sclerosis was identified. A higher level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 was detected in MS patients with active foci of the disease on magnetic resonance images.Conclusion. Thus, antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, antibodies to thyroperoxidase, the levels of von Willebrand factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and adhesion molecule sPECAM-1 can be used as laboratory predictors of the malignant course of multiple sclerosis.
Features of the distribution of the level of the constant potential in the brain in patients with chronic mercury intoxication
Authors: Shevchenko O. I. , Baskakov I. S. , Lakhman O. L. 
Published: February 2020

The aim of the research was to reveal features of distribution of DC-potential level of the brain in patients with chronic mercury intoxication.Materials and methods. The study involved 33 male patients with chronic mercury intoxication and 38 healthy men (comparison group) who, by the specifics of their professional activities, were not exposed to neurotropic substances. We used the electrophysiological method of neuroenergy mapping.Results. In the group of patients with chronic mercury intoxication, persons with a low level of constant potential prevailed when compared with the comparison group (36 and 11%, respectively). With a decrease in the level of constant potential in the frontal parts, an increase was observed in the central leads (Fpz – Cz = –1,2 (–6,3–12,6) mV), and with an increase in it, a decrease in the occipital (Fpz-Oz = 4,2 (–4,8–21,4) mV) and the right temporal (Fpz-Td = 0,01 (–6,5–16,3) mV) areas.Right hemisphere temporal asymmetry was manifested in an increase in the Td-Ts index (p = 0,03) when compared with that of the comparison group, (0,66 ± 0,01) and (–4,34 ± 1,12) mV, respectively. Using discriminant analysis, five reliable diagnostic signs were identified: the values of the parameters of the parietal (Pz), right parietal (Pd), right temporal (Td), central (Cz), occipital (Oz) leads. The most informative sign was the value of the index of the parietal lead (Pz, F = 21,1).Conclusion. A distinctive neurophysiological sign associated with chronic exposure to metallic mercury vapors is an increase in indices of the parietal, right parietal, right temporal, central, occipital leads compared with those inherent in the normal population.
Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Vayman E. E. , Shnayder N. A. , Neznanov N. G. , Nasyrova R. F. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose.To analyze the results of classical and modern studies reflecting the pathophysiological mechanisms of antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.Materials and methods. We searched for full-text publications in Russian and English in the databases of E-Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Springer published over the past decade, using keywords (tardive dyskinesia (TD), drug-induced tardive dyskinesia, antipsychotics (AP), neuroleptics, typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, pathophysiology, etiology and combinations of these words). In addition, the review included earlier publications of historical interest.Results. The lecture proposed theories of development of AP-induced TD, examining its effect on dopaminergic receptors, dopaminergic neurons, neurons of the basal ganglia, and other theories: activation of estrogen receptors, disorders of melatonin metabolism, disorders of the endogenous opioid system, oxidative stress with predominant oxidation processes, blockade of 5-HT2-receptors, a decrease in the pyridoxine level, genetic predisposition, interaction of AP with the brain trace element – iron, carbonyl stress and immune inflammation and the role of the neurotrophic factor.Conclusion. The disclosure of the mechanisms of AP-induced TD will allow the development of a strategy for personalized prevention and therapy of the considered neurological complication of the AP-therapy for schizophrenia in real clinical practice.
The possibility of using skin biopsy in the diagnosis of Lafora disease
Authors: Kraeva L. S. , Vtorushin S. V. , Kuzmina A. V. , Kozyritskaya D. V. 
Published: February 2020

Lafora disease is a hereditary, autosomal recessive progressive myoclonus epilepsy caused by mutations in the EPM2A (laforin) and EPM2B (malin) genes, with no substantial genotype-phenotype differences between the two. Clinical manifestations of the disease are determined by the accumulation of specific cytoplasmic “amyloid inclusions” consisting of polyglycosans (an abnormally branched glycogen molecule). Polyglycosans, or Lafora bodies, are typically found in the brain, hepatocytes of the liver, skeletal and cardiac muscles, in the ducts of sweat glands, and in the skin. The diagnosis is made following visual, generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures, progressing dementia, cerebellar ataxia, detection of specific Lafora bodies during sweat gland biopsy and data of genetic testing.The article describes a clinical case of Lafora disease in a patient with disease onset at 11 years old caused by the mutation in the EPM2A (laforine) gene with focal sensory visual seizures with subsequent generalized tonic-clonic seizures, progressive motor impairments in the form of ataxia and gait abnormality as well as behavioral and cognitive disorders. The presented clinical case demonstrates the need for additional research, such as biopsy and genetic testing, for diagnosing diseases proceeding with resistant epileptic seizures and progressive motor and cognitive impairments.