bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric vehicle adoption: can short experiences lead to big change?
Authors: Roberson Laura A , Helveston John P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offer a promising pathway to decarbonizing the personal transportation sector, but PEV sales remains low. Prior research has found that direct experience with PEVs increases consumers’ stated purchase consideration, but these studies have used relatively long exposure times (days to months) with a PEV. To assess the effect of shorter exposure times (e.g. minutes) on stated purchase consideration, we conducted an experiment at the 2019 Washington D.C. Auto Show. Participants (n = 6518) were asked to rate their level of consideration to adopt a PEV before and after riding in one of four different PEVs for just 3–5 min. We find that the experience of riding in a PEV on average had a significant, positive effect on participants’ consideration ratings. We also find that the vast majority of respondents were unable to correctly answer basic knowledge questions about refueling a PEV and federal subsidies available for purchasing a PEV. These results suggest that while consumer knowledge about PEVs remains low, short rides or drives in a PEV could be an effective, more scalable strategy for increasing PEV consideration across larger populations.
Effect of pre-gelatinization on physicochemical and functional properties of Solenostemon rotundifolius flour
Authors: Hasna T , Muchlisyiyah J , Wardani S , Estiasih T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Solenostemon rotundifolius is one of the native tubers from Indonesia that has good potential as a flour source. Unfortunately, this kind of potato has poor quality and undesirable functional characteristics so that underutilized in the food industry. Therefore, the processing of Solenostemon rotundifolius into flour product is needed to be modified to improve the quality, obtain the added value of flour, and enhance food product development using a pre-gelatinization treatment. Pre-gelatinization is a hydrothermal process that initiated with boiling and ended with drying. This study evaluated the effect of pre-gelatinization treatment on the physicochemical and functional properties of Solenostemon rotundifolius flour at optimum temperature and time of process (60°C for 7 minutes). The pre-gelatinization treatment produced 89.58 ± 1.47 % yield of flour, reduced the density (0.55 ± 0.02 g/mL) and lightness of flour (71.30 ± 0.14 L value), and declined the amylose content (18.21 ± 1.22 %) compare to the natural flour, while increased the moisture (8.32 ± 0.31 %), ash (3.95 ± 0.06 %), protein (3.43 ± 0.23 %), fat (0.47 ± 0.01 %), starch content (65.11 ± 0.30 %), and amylopectin (46.90 ± 1.51 %). The differences in physicochemical and functional properties were observed among the pre-gelatinization Solenostemon rotundifolius flour with respect to all of parameters. Thus, Solenostemon rotundifolius flour revealed potency as an alternative flour for food diversification and can be used for substituting wheat flour in the various food products.
Interstitial disorder in iron-based superconductor: A first-principles study
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Singh Prabhakar P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
FeSe in bulk, film or layer form as well as its alloys have shown many intriguing magnetic and superconducting properties. In this paper, we examine the role of interstitial disorder in changing the various electronic, magnetic and superconducting properties of FeSe using ab-initio method. We have studied the electronic properties of FeSe doped interstitially with the transition metal (TM) impurities, Fe(TM)
x
Se (where TM ≡ V, Mn, Co, Ni, and x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.04 and 0.10). Our results, analyzed in terms of density of states (DOS), band structure, Fermi surface (FS), and local and total magnetic moments, show that the excess of the transition-metal atoms substantially modify the Fermi surface of FeSe. We have also estimated the value of the electron-phonon mass enhancement factor, the Hopfield parameter and the superconducting transition temperature for these alloys.
A study on the static field of a point charge in three-dimensional electrodynamics
Authors: Pivnyak Gennadiy , Pevzner Mendel , Medvedev Andrey , Cabana Edgar Caseres , Bąk Andrzej , Bajerski Andrzej , Smoliński Adam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The static field potential in quantum electrodynamics in the space of three dimensions (QED3) produced by a point charge was investigated taking into account the polarization of the vacuum. The polarization operator is taken in the

N

−
1

approximation which was previously used to study the dynamic violation of chiral symmetry in QED3. An approximate analytical analysis is accompanied by numerical calculations; there is a good quantitative agreement between the results obtained using these methods. The case of massive dynamical fermions is considered. The limiting transition to the massless case is analyzed, as well as the confinement problem occurring in this model.
A new convention for the epithermal neutron spectrum for improving accuracy of resonance integrals
Authors: Harada H , Takayama N , Komeda M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new convention for the epithermal neutron spectrum component is formulated in this work, aimed at improving the accuracy of resonance integrals determination. The (1 + β)/(βE + E1+α
) form here proposed, is an approximating function of the epithermal neutron spectrum based upon calculations performed by the state-of-art Monte Carlo code MVP-3. Bias effects on determination of resonance integrals, due to the application of the well-known and used so far approximating functions, such as 1/E, 1/E1+α
as well as the new form (1 + β)/(βE + E1+α
) are compared, where E is the neutron energy, α a shape factor, and β a new shape factor introduced in this work. The other bias effect is also investigated, which is caused by neglecting the position dependence of a neutron spectrum inside an irradiation capsule. To get a demonstration of the bias effects due to these assumptions, upon the determination of a neutron spectrum from a quantitative point of view in a practical case, the thermal neutron-capture cross section and resonance integral of 135Cs measured at a research reactor JRR-3 are re-evaluated. A superior property of the proposed new mathematical expression is discussed. The experimental method is proposed to determine the new shape factor β by a combinational use of triple flux monitors (197Au, 59Co, and 94Zr), and its analytical methodology is formulated.
Advanced reference materials for the characterization of molecular size and weight
Authors: Takahashi Kayori 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nano-sized advanced reference materials (RMs) based on synthetic polymers were developed using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and certain size measurement methods. These RMs have reference values of accurate molecular size and molecular weight. One of the RMs investigated was poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with no distribution in its degree of polymerization, i.e., its absolute degree of polymerization was determined as 23. SFC was used to separate molecularly uniform polymers from a commercial sample with wide polydispersity in its degree of polymerization. Because of the polydispersity, the average molecular size of the commercial polymer sample showed a distribution. This PEG 23mer RM can provide a uniform molecular size as the degree of polymerization is determined to be precisely 23.
Identifying regional COVID-19 presence early with time series analysis
Authors: Kruse Ryan , Alkhushayni Suboh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the United States was January 20, 2020 in Washington, while the first globally confirmed cases were in China in December 2019. The CDC's Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network is used to track the amount of people who seek medical attention for influenza-like illnesses, along with the illness cause. The metric rILI- is used to assess the amount of people who test negative for influenza or any other specific cause. To assess the evidence of COVID-19 presence in the US in late December 2019 or early January 2020, rILI- data from 2010 to mid-March 2020 was used to perform three types of analysis. First, we forecast prediction intervals using data until mid-November 2019 and compared the predictions with observed values for the subsequent 16 weeks. Second, we performed residual hypothesis testing by removing the trend and seasonality in order to compare residuals from before and after November 17, 2019. Third, we used changepoint analysis to identify major changes in trend and seasonality. This study provides strong evidence of COVID-19 presence in the US in late December 2019 or early January 2020. Combined with the knowledge that COVID-19 was spreading across other parts of the world, anomalous patterns in ILINet data should have been a warning sign that COVID-19 was already spreading in the US. The purpose of the study was not to identify specific states, but South Dakota has the strongest evidence of any US state, followed by California, Delaware, Maine, and New Mexico.
Short physical performance battery as a practical tool to assess mortality risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Fermont Jilles M , Mohan Divya , Fisk Marie , Bolton Charlotte E , Macnee William , Cockcroft John R , McEniery Carmel , Fuld Jonathan , Cheriyan Joseph , Tal-Singer Ruth , Müllerova Hana , Wood Angela M , Wilkinson Ian B , Polkey Michael I ,   the ERICA consortium
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Rationale
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of mortality and common in older adults. The BODE Index is the most recognised mortality risk score in COPD but includes a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) that is seldom available in practise; the BODE Index may be better adopted if the 6MWT was replaced.

Objectives
we investigated whether a modified BODE Index in which 6MWT was replaced by an alternative measure of physical capacity, specifically the short physical performance battery (SPPB) or components, retained its predictive ability for mortality in individuals with COPD.

Methods
we analysed 630 COPD patients from the ERICA cohort study for whom UK Office for National Statistics verified mortality data were available. Variables tested at baseline included spirometry, 6MWT, SPPB and its components (4-m gait speed test [4MGS], chair stand and balance). Predictive models were developed using stratified multivariable Cox regression, and assessed by C-indices and calibration plots with 10-fold cross-validation and replication.

Results
during median 2 years of follow-up, 60 (10%) individuals died. There was no significant difference between the discriminative ability of BODE6MWT (C-index 0.709, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.680–0.737), BODESPPB (C-index 0.683, 95% CI, 0.647–0.712), BODE4MGS (C-index 0.676, 95% CI, 0.643–0.700) and BODEBALANCE (C-index 0.686, 95% CI, 0.651–0.713) for predicting mortality.

Conclusions
the SPPB, and its 4MGS and balance components, can potentially be used as an alternative to the 6MWT in the BODE Index without significant loss of predictive ability in all-cause mortality.
The power of investment tribunals to enjoin domestic criminal proceedings
Authors: Uilenbroek Luuk 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article examines the current state of play regarding interim measure requests to enjoin a host State from pursuing criminal actions within its territory. Balancing the host State’s inherent power to investigate and prosecute criminal actions that have allegedly taken place in its territory against the fundamental principle of integrity of the arbitration proceedings, it is suggested that, under exceptional circumstances, investment tribunals may restrain the host State’s police power. A severe threat to the integrity of the arbitration may merit the issuance of far-reaching interim relief, including orders to suspend domestic criminal proceedings and orders to ensure the claimant’s reasonable and confidential access to legal counsel. The author further argues that, under the most extreme circumstances, tribunals are empowered to order the temporary release of individuals who have been tried, convicted and imprisoned in the host State.
Why Are Nesting Marsh Wrens and Yellow-Headed Blackbirds Spatially Segregated?
Authors: Leonard Marty L. , Picman Jaroslav 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The activity centers of Marsh Wrens (Cistothorus palustris) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) are spatially segregated. This segregation may occur because (1) one species excludes the other or (2) the two species prefer different habitats. These hypotheses were tested by documenting changes in the size and location of Marsh Wren territories throughout the breeding season, and by the removal of conesting Yellow-headed Blackbirds. The expansion of Marsh Wren territories into blackbird breeding areas after both the natural departure and the removal of blackbirds best supports the explanation based on the active exclusion of Marsh Wrens by Yellow-headed Blackbirds.
Estimating Stage-Specific Daily Survival Probabilities of Nests When Nest age is Unknown
Authors: Stanley Thomas R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstimation of daily survival probabilities of nests is common in studies of avian populations. Since the introduction of Mayfield's (1961, 1975) estimator, numerous models have been developed to relax Mayfield's assumptions and account for biologically important sources of variation. Stanley (2000) presented a model for estimating stage-specific (e.g. incubation stage, nestling stage) daily survival probabilities of nests that conditions on “nest type” and requires that nests be aged when they are found. Because aging nests typically requires handling the eggs, there may be situations where nests can not or should not be aged and the Stanley (2000) model will be inapplicable. Here, I present a model for estimating stage-specific daily survival probabilities that conditions on nest stage for active nests, thereby obviating the need to age nests when they are found. Specifically, I derive the maximumlikelihood function for the model, evaluate the model's performance using Monte Carlo simulations, and provide software for estimating parameters (along with an example). For sample sizes as low as 50 nests, bias was small and confidence interval coverage was close to the nominal rate, especially when a reduced-parameter model was used for estimation.
Female-Female Pairing in Ring-Billed Gulls
Authors: Ryder John P. , Somppi Patricia Lynn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Female-female pairs of Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) were recorded attending supernormal clutches (5-8 eggs) on Granite Island, northern Lake Superior in 1978. Female-female pairs complete their clutches usually before the peak of egg-laying in the colony. Supernormal clutches completed after the peak are thought to result from egg-dumping by several unpaired females. Compared to normal 3-egg clutches, laid early in the season, the average hatching success of supernormal clutches was lower (8-20% vs 80-90%) and over 50% of the embryos showed depressed growth and development. Although the phenomenon of homosexual pairing is likely not recent in Ring-billed Gulls, as compared to the situation in Western Gulls, the adaptive significance of such pairs is currently unknown.
Flock Stability in Relation to Social Dominance and Agonistic Behavior in Wintering Dark-Eyed Juncos
Authors: Balph Martha Hatch 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper examines some consequences of changes in the membership and location of winter flocks of Dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis). Among captives, intragroup social relationships seldom were affected by separation from or subsequent reunion with another portion of the home flock, by amalgamation with or separation from a foreign flock, or by changes in flock location. Foreign flock members usually were subordinate to, and preferentially attacked by, residents. Juncos rejoining their home flocks after a 1-week separation retained their previous social positions but engaged temporarily in a disproportionate amount of agonistic behavior with former flockmates. Some proximate and ultimate implications of winter flock stability in juncos are discussed in the light of these and other findings. Social and ecological costs that may be incurred by juncos attempting to change their flock membership or home range during the winter should select for behavior that reduces the likelihood of such changes, including geographic differentiation in the migratory habits of the sexes.
Distribution, Species Abundance, and Nesting-Site Use of Atlantic Coast Colonies of Herons and Their Allies
Authors: Custer Thomas W. , Osborn Ronald G. , Stout William F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 1975 and 1976, eight teams of investigators located 262 colonies of nesting herons and their allies along the Atlantic coast from Florida to Maine. Fourteen species were found in Florida, numbers decreasing to seven in Maine. Colonies censused in the extreme south and north of the study area were lower in number of species and number of adults than those in the intermediate area. More than 90% of the colony sites surveyed in 1975 were active in 1976. The total number of nesting adults per colony, number of species per colony, and number of nesting adults of each species per colony in 1976 were significantly correlated with their respective values for 1975. Abandoned and new colonies appeared to be satellites of nearby reused colonies; they had fewer individuals and species than reused colonies and were closer to reused colonies than reused colonies were to each other.
Vegetation Characteristics Associated with Abert's Towhee Numbers in Riparian Habitats
Authors: Meents Julie K. , Anderson Bertin W. , Ohmart Robert D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Abert's Towhee (Pipilo aberti) numbers and their associations with various characteristics of riparian vegetation along the lower Colorado River were examined for 4 yr. Towhee numbers were positively correlated with horizontal patchiness, foliage density, and foliage height diversity. Correlations of towhee numbers with vegetation parameters were generally significant from January to September and nonsignificant the remainder of the year. Preferred habitats were the same throughout the year. Vegetation relationships of the resident population were obscured in the fall and early winter months because some birds dispersed into marginal habitats. Climatic and/or resource influences probably modify this pattern of dispersal.
Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) can identify individual females by their fee-bee songs
Authors: Montenegro Carolina , Service William D , Scully Erin N , Mischler Shannon K , Campbell Kimberley A , Sturdy Christopher B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Individual recognition is a social behavior that occurs in many bird species. A bird’s ability to discriminate among familiar and unfamiliar conspecifics is critical to avoid wasting resources such as time and energy during social interactions. Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are able to discriminate individual female and male chick-a-dee calls, potentially male and female tseet calls, and male fee-bee songs. In the current study, we used an operant discrimination go/no-go paradigm to determine whether female and male chickadees could discriminate between fee-bee songs produced by individual female chickadees as well as test which song component(s) enable this discrimination. Birds trained on natural categories—the songs of different females—learned to respond to rewarded stimuli more quickly than birds trained on random groupings of female songs and were able to transfer this learning to new songs from the same categories. Chickadees were also able to generalize their responding when exposed to the bee note of the fee-bee song of rewarded individuals; they did not generalize to fee notes. Our results provide evidence that Black-capped Chickadees can use female-produced fee-bee songs for individual recognition. However, the acoustic features underlying individual recognition require further investigation.
Homologous recombination repair capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and breast cancer risk
Authors: Shen Jie , Song Renduo , Chow Wong-Ho , Zhao Hua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Deficiency in homologous recombination repair (HRR) capacity is frequently observed in breast tumors. However, whether HRR deficiency is a tumor-specific biomarker or a risk factor for breast cancer is unknown. In this two-stage study, using a host cell reactivation assay, we assessed the relationship between HRR capacity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and breast cancer risk. The discovery stage included 152 breast cancer patients and 152 healthy controls matched on age and race. HRR capacity was found to be significantly lower in Black women than in White women among controls (P = 0.015) and cases (P = 0.012). Among cases, triple negative breast cancer patients had significantly lower HRR capacity than ER+/PR+ breast cancer patients (P = 0.006). In risk assessment, HRR capacity was found to be significantly lower in cases than in controls (P &lt; 0.001), and decreased HRR capacity was associated with 1.42-fold increased risk of breast cancer (95% CI: 1.21, 2.53). In the validation stage, we assessed HRR capacity in a nested case–control study using pre-diagnostic samples. We found that decreased HRR capacity was associated with 1.21-fold increased risk of breast cancer (95% CI: 1.04, 4.58). In summary, our results demonstrate that decreased HRR capacity in PBLs is a risk factor for breast cancer.
Sparganosis (Spirometra) in Europe in the Molecular Era
Authors: Kuchta Roman , Kołodziej-Sobocińska Marta , Brabec Jan , Młocicki Daniel , Sałamatin Rusłan , Scholz Tomáš 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sparganosis is a relatively neglected foodborne and waterborne disease caused by species of the tapeworm genus Spirometra, the global distribution of which has not been sufficiently recognized. Known mainly as a zoonosis of East Asia, its species are native to all inhabited continents including Europe. Spirometra has been reported from numerous wildlife species from 17 European countries, and a critical review confirmed 17 autochthonous and 8 imported human clinical cases. We present the first molecular evidence of the coincident presence of 2 species in Europe and review the current distribution to raise awareness of the parasite in this region. Spirometra erinaceieuropaei is restricted to Europe and Spirometra mansoni represents a lineage distributed mainly across Asia and Oceania that reaches Europe. The parasite is common in Eastern Europe and its distribution has potential to expand along with its invasive or migrating mammal hosts, spreading the risks of human infection.