bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep in Inner Mongolia Province, China
Authors: Yan Xinlei , Han Wenying , Wang Yang , Zhang Hongbo , Gao Zhihui 
Published: February 2020

Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans, and infection may result in many adverse effects on animal husbandry production. Animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia is well developed, but data on T. gondii infection in sheep are lacking. In this study, we determined the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. A total of 1853 serum samples were collected from 29 counties of Xilin Gol League (n = 624), Hohhot City (n = 225), Ordos City (n = 158), Wulanchabu City (n = 144), Bayan Nur City (n = 114) and Hulunbeir City (n = 588). The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 15.43%. Risk factor analysis showed that seroprevalence was higher in sheep ≥12 months of age (21.85%) than that in sheep <12 months of age (10.20%) (p < 0.01). Seroprevalence was higher in male sheep (18.76%) than females (12.80%) (p < 0.01). Barn-feeding sheep (23.13%) had higher prevalence than grazing sheep (10.94%) (p < 0.01). The seroprevalence was significantly different in different districts (p < 0.01). This study shows that sheep are exposed to T. gondii in Inner Mongolia, and provides a data reference for public health and disease control.
Sarkopenie: eine Herausforderung im Alter
Authors: Ferrari Uta , Drey Michael 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungSarkopenie ist ein geriatrisches Syndrom, das durch einen generalisierten Verlust von Muskelmasse und Muskelfunktion gekennzeichnet ist. Damit verbunden ist eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit von Stürzen, Frakturen, Behinderung und Mortalität. Seit Oktober 2016 gibt es in den USA einen ICD-10-CM-Code (M62.84) für Sarkopenie. In Deutschland kann Sarkopenie seit 2018 im ICD-10-GM (M62.50) codiert werden. Zur Selektion in der Primärversorgung besteht die Möglichkeit mittels eines Sarkopeniefragebogens (SARC-F) gefährdete Patienten zu identifizieren. Diese können dann einer weiterführenden Diagnostik zugeführt werden. Gemäß der aktuellen revidierten Fassung des europäischen Sarkopeniekonsensus ist ein Therapiebeginn und eine weitere Ursachenabklärung bereits bei Vorliegen einer eingeschränkten Muskelkraft möglich. Gegenwärtig besteht die Therapie aus Kraft- und Balancetraining sowie einer Ernährungsberatung mit dem Ziel einer proteinreichen Ernährung. Eine medikamentöse Behandlung der Sarkopenie ist noch nicht verfügbar. Einige Substanzen sind jedoch in der klinischen Prüfung. Am vielversprechendsten scheint die Gruppe der Myostatinantagonisten zu sein.
Omega-3-Fettsäuren und KHK – völlig nutzlos oder evidenzbasiert wirksam?
Authors: Schmiedel Volker 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der physiologischen Wirkungen von Omega-3-Fettsäuren gab es viele Indizien, dass Omega-3-Fettsäuren wirksam in der Prävention und Therapie von koronaren Herzkrankheiten (KHK) sein könnten. In den letzten Jahren wurden jedoch mehrere „negative“ Studien und Metaanalysen publiziert, die ein breites Echo in den Medien fanden und in der Behauptung einer völligen Wirkungslosigkeit gipfelten. Ganz aktuell hat sich jedoch die Datenlage gedreht: Bei genauerer Betrachtung der „negativen“ Publikationen findet man hier sogar Hinweise auf eine Wirksamkeit. Und neuere Studien und Metaanalysen lassen unmissverständlich keinen Zweifel mehr an der Wirksamkeit von Omega-3-Fettsäuren bei KHK.
Label‐free identification and chemical characterisation of single extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins by synchronous Rayleigh and Raman scattering
Authors: Enciso‐Martinez Agustin , Van Der Pol Edwin , Hau Chi M. , Nieuwland Rienk , Van Leeuwen Ton G. , Terstappen Leon W.M.M. , Otto Cees 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) present in blood originate from cells of different origins such as red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and leukocytes. In patients with cancer, a small portion of EVs originate from tumour cells and their load is associated with poor clinical outcome. Identification of these tumour‐derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs) is difficult as they are outnumbered by EVs of different tissue of origin as well a large number of lipoproteins (LPs) that are in the same size range. In order to detect tdEVs from the abundant presence of other particles, single‐particle techniques are necessary. Here, synchronous Rayleigh and Raman scattering is used for that purpose. This combination of light scattering techniques identifies optically trapped single particles based on Rayleigh scattering and distinguishes differences in chemical composition of particle populations based on Raman scattering. Here, we show that tdEVs can be distinguished from RBC EVs and LPs in a label‐free manner and directly in suspension.
An easy-to-assemble, robust, and lightweight drive implant for chronic tetrode recordings in freely moving animals
Authors: Voigts Jakob , Newman Jonathan P , Wilson Matthew A , Harnett Mark T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tetrode arrays are a standard method for neuronal recordings in behaving animals, especially for chronic recordings of many neurons in freely-moving animals. Objective. We sought to simplify tetrode drive designs with the aim of enabling building and implanting a 16-tetrode drive in a single day. Approach. Our design makes use of recently developed technologies to reduce the complexity of the drive while maintaining a low weight. Main results. The design presents an improvement over existing implants in terms of robustness, weight, and ease of use. We describe two variants: a 16 tetrode implant weighing ∼2 g for mice, bats, tree shrews and similar animals, and a 64 tetrode implant weighing ∼16 g for rats and similar animals. These designs were co-developed and optimized alongside a new class of drive-mounted feature-rich amplifier boards with ultra-thin radio-frequency tethers, as described in an upcoming paper (Newman, Zhang et al in prep). Significance. This design significantly improves the data yield of chronic electrophysiology experiments.
Chromo-dynamic multi-component lattice Boltzmann equation scheme for axial symmetry
Authors: Spendlove J , Xu X , Schenkel T , Seaton M , Halliday I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We validate the chromo-dynamic multi-component lattice Boltzmann equation (MCLBE) simulation for immiscible fluids with a density contrast against analytical results for complex flow geometries, with particular emphasis on the fundamentals of the method, i.e. compliance with inter-facial boundary conditions of continuum hydrodynamics. To achieve the necessary regimes for the chosen validations, we develop, from a three-dimensional, axially-symmetric flow formulation, a novel, two-dimensional, pseudo Cartesian, MCLBE scheme. This requires the inclusion in lattice Boltzmann methodology of a continuously distributed source and a velocity-dependent force density (here, the metric force terms of the cylindrical Navier–Stokes equations). Specifically, we apply our model to the problem of flow past a spherical liquid drop in Re  =  0, Ca

regime and, also, flow past a lightly deformed drop. The resulting simulation data, once corrected for the simulation’s inter-facial micro-current (using a method we also advance herein, based on freezing the phase field) show good agreement with theory over a small range of density contrasts. In particular, our data extend verified compliance with the kinematic condition from flat (Burgin et al 2019 Phys. Rev. E 100 043310) to the case of curved fluid–fluid interfaces. More generally, our results indicate a route to eliminate the influence of the inter-facial micro-current.
The Effect of Pain Catastrophizing on Endogenous Inhibition of Pain and Spinal Nociception in Native Americans: Results From the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk
Authors: Toledo Tyler A , Kuhn Bethany L , Payne Michael F , Lannon Edward W , Palit Shreela , Sturycz Cassandra A , Hellman Natalie , Güereca Yvette M , Demuth Mara J , Huber Felicitas , Shadlow Joanna O , Rhudy Jamie L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundConditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a task that involves measuring pain in response to a test stimulus before and during a painful conditioning stimulus (CS). The CS pain typically inhibits pain elicited by the test stimulus; thus, this task is used to assess endogenous pain inhibition. Moreover, less efficient CPM-related inhibition is associated with chronic pain risk. Pain catastrophizing is a cognitive-emotional process associated with negative pain sequelae, and some studies have found that catastrophizing reduces CPM efficiency.PurposeThe current study examined the relationship between catastrophizing (dispositional and situation specific) and CPM-related inhibition of pain and the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR; a marker of spinal nociception) to determine whether the catastrophizing–CPM relationship might contribute to the higher risk of chronic pain in Native Americans (NAs).MethodsCPM of pain and NFR was assessed in 124 NAs and 129 non-Hispanic Whites. Dispositional catastrophizing was assessed at the beginning of the test day, whereas situation-specific catastrophizing was assessed in response to the CS, as well as painful electric stimuli.ResultsSituation-specific, but not dispositional, catastrophizing led to less NFR inhibition but more pain inhibition. These effects were not moderated by race, but mediation analyses found that: (a) the NA race was associated with greater situation-specific catastrophizing, which led to less NFR inhibition and more pain inhibition, and (b) situation-specific catastrophizing was associated with greater CS pain, which led to more pain inhibition.ConclusionsCatastrophizing may contribute to NA pain risk by disrupting descending inhibition.
CJEU confirms registrability as an EUTM of a bottle that takes the shape of an amphora
Authors: Martin Stefan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Court of Justice of the European Union, EUIPO v Wajos GmbH, C-783/18 P, EU:C:2019:1073, 12 December 2019
By a judgment rendered on 12 December 2019, the Court of Justice of the European Union dismissed the appeal filed by the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) against a judgment of the General Court allowing the registration of a bottle taking the shape of an amphora.
The Development of a Tympanic Membrane Model and Probabilistic Dose-Response Risk Assessment of Rupture Because of Blast
Authors: Iyoho Anthony E , Ho Kevin , Chan Philemon 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is no dose-response model available for the assessment of the risk of tympanic membrane rupture (TMR), commonly known as eardrum rupture, from exposures to blast from nonlethal flashbangs, which can occur concurrently with temporary threshold shift. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop a fast-running, lumped parameter model of the tympanic membrane (TM) with probabilistic dose-dependent prediction of injury risk.

Materials and Methods
The lumped parameter model was first benchmarked with a finite element model of the middle ear. To develop the dose-response curves, TMR data from a historic cadaver study were utilized. From these data, the binary probability response was constructed and logistic regression was applied to generate the respective dose-response curves at moderate and severe eardrum rupture severity.

Results
Hosmer-Lemeshow statistical and receiver operation characteristic analyses showed that maximum stored TM energy was the overall best dose metric or injury correlate when compared with total work and peak TM pressure.

Conclusions
Dose-response curves are needed for probabilistic risk assessments of unintended effects like TMR. For increased functionality, the lumped parameter model was packaged as a software library that predicts eardrum rupture for a given blast loading condition.
Prototype of a Military Medic Smartphone Medical Graphical User Interface for Use by Medics in Deployed Environments
Authors: Wong Kenneth H , Bayarsaikhan Shijir , Levine Betty A , Mun Seong K 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrompt and effective combat casualty care is essential for decreasing morbidity and mortality during military operations. Similarly, accurate documentation of injuries and treatments enables quality care, both in the immediate postinjury phase and the longer-term recovery. This article describes efforts to prototype a Military Medic Smartphone (MMS) for use by combat medics and other health care providers who work in austere environments.Materials and MethodsThe MMS design builds on previous electronic health record systems and is based on observations of medic workflows. It provides several functions including a compact yet efficient physiologic monitor, a communications device for telemedicine, a portable reference library, and a recorder of casualty care data from the point of injury rearward to advanced echelons of care. Apps and devices communicate using an open architecture to support different sensors and future expansions.ResultsThe prototype MMS was field tested during live exercises to generate qualitative feedback from potential users, which provided significant guidance for future enhancements.ConclusionsThe widespread deployment of this type of device will enable more effective health care, limit the impact of battlefield injuries, and save lives.
The Effects of Continual Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Treatment on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts in an In Vitro Wound Repopulation Model
Authors: Gilbert William , Goodin Jeremy L , McPherson James C , Chuang Augustine H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play a vital role in periodontal regeneration. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important in catabolic regulation on osteoclasts; it also has anabolic effects on hard tissue formation. Using an in vitro wound repopulation model, this study investigated the effect of continual intermittent administration of PTH on PDLFs wound repopulation. Methods and Materials: PDLFs were grown in 12-well plates and divided into 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 nM of PTH treatments. A 3-mm wound was created on confluent and synchronized cells. Six PTH treatments were initiated using serum-free medium with supplements. Cell repopulation was measured at four time points: 5, 10, 15, and 20 days.

Results
A 5% increase wound repopulation showed an enhancement on day 10 for all treatment groups as compared to control groups. On days 15 and 20, treatment groups showed a decrease in proliferation and migration compared to controls with significant decreases at concentrations of 40 and 80 nM.

Conclusion
Continual intermittent treatment with PTH has the potential to enhance proliferation and migration of PDLFs for wound repopulation at early time points. A dose-dependent correlation was seen with a positive trend on day 10 while a significant decrease on day 20.
Influenza Vaccination, Self-reported Illness, and Obstacles for Vaccination Among the 2010 ROTC Warrior Forge Cadet Cohort
Authors: Barrett John P , Rosen Irene M , Stout Louis R , Rosen Stephanie E 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study evaluates a large cohort of college students after the 2009–2010 pandemic H1N1 influenza season. The objective was to assess influenza vaccination status, influenzalike illnesses (ILIs), and other characteristics associated with attaining immunizations.

Methods
This study was conducted during the summer 2010 the Reserve Officer Training Corps Leadership Development and Assessment Course involving 6272 college students. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was administered to assess study objectives.

Results
Vaccination rates were 39.9% for pandemic H1N1, 40.6% for seasonal influenza, and 32.6% for receiving both vaccinations. Age less than 25 and having a Reserve Officer Training Corps scholarship were associated with lower odds of receiving vaccinations, whereas entering the nursing field and simultaneous membership in the Army reserve forces were associated with higher odds of vaccination. There are 11.2% of respondents reported having an ILI, including 4.3% with severe ILI. There were 4184 reasons indicated for not attaining influenza vaccinations, which are listed in categorical groupings.

Conclusions
A historical anchor for vaccination rates and ILI is provided in a large cohort of college students following the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Influenza immunization locations were determined, as was self-reported obstacles to receiving vaccinations. These are important results for public health leaders seeking to increase vaccination rates during future influenza seasons.
Anthropomorphic Blast Test Device for Primary Blast Injury Risk Assessment
Authors: Hsu Yun , Ho Kevin , Chan Philemon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Blast overpressure health hazard assessment is required prior to fielding of weapon systems that produce blast overpressures that pose risk of auditory and nonauditory blast lung injuries. The anthropomorphic blast test device (ABTD) offers a single device solution for collection of both auditory and nonauditory data from a single blast at anthropometrically correct locations for injury risk assessment. It also allows for better replication of personnel positioning during weapons firings. The ABTD is an update of the blast test device (BTD), the current Army standard for collection of thoracic blast loading data. Validation testing of the ABTD is required to ensure that lung injury model validated using BTD collected test data and sheep subjects is still applicable when the ABTD is used.

Methods
Open field validation blast tests were conducted with BTD and ABTD placed at matching locations. Tests at seven blast strength levels were completed spanning the range of overpressures for occupational testing.

Results
The two devices produced very similar values for lung injury dose over all blast levels and orientations.

Conclusion
The ABTD was validated successfully for open field tests. For occupational blast injury assessments, ABTD can be used in place of the BTD and provide enhanced capabilities.
Evaluation and Management of Dysphagia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Clinical Practice
Authors: Epps Denise , Kwan Justin Y. , Russell James W. , Thomas Talisa , Diaz-Abad Montserrat 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the evaluation and management of dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients by speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Methods:
A 15-question web-based survey sent to SLPs in general clinical practice.

Results:
Forty-nine SLPs responded. Although only 8 (17.0%) of the SLPs worked in ALS clinics, 46 (93.9%) had worked with ALS patients. A variety of dysphagia evaluation protocols were used by 43 (97.7%) SLPs. Most SLPs, 40 (88.9%), recommended instrumental assessments, but timing and indication varied greatly: 19 (42.2%) SLPs recommended this at baseline even without bulbar symptoms, whereas others recommended this based on symptoms and/or clinical assessments.

Conclusions:
There is currently no uniform approach as to the indication, timing, and specific methods to use in the evaluation of dysphagia in ALS patients among SLPs. There is need for further research to assist in the development of definitive guideline recommendations for this population.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICIAN-GRADED SUBRETINAL FIBROSIS IN EYES TREATED FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Teo Kelvin Yi Chong , Joe Aaron W. , Nguyen Vuong , Invernizzi Alessandro , Arnold Jennifer J. , Barthelmes Daniel , Gillies Mark 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To assess the prevalence and incidence of and risk factors for subretinal fibrosis (SRFi) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) that underwent vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor treatment for up to 10 years.

Methods:
A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis was performed on data from a neovascular age-related macular degeneration registry. The presence and location of SRFi were graded by the treating practitioner. Visual acuity, lesion characteristics (type, morphology, and activity), and treatment administered at each visit was recorded.

Results:
The prevalence of SRFi in 2,914 eyes rose from 20.4% at year interval 0-1 to 40.7% at year interval 9 to 10. The incidence in 1,950 eyes was 14.3% at baseline and 26.3% at 24 months. Independent characteristics associated with SRFi included poorer baseline vision (adjusted odds ratio 5.33 [95% confidence interval 4.66–7.61] for visual acuity ≤35 letters vs. visual acuity ≥70 letters, P < 0.01), baseline lesion size (adjusted odds ratio 1.08 [95% confidence interval 1.08–1.14] per 1000 µm, P = 0.03), lesion type (adjusted odds ratio 1.42 [95% confidence interval 1.17–1.72] for predominantly classic vs. occult lesions, P = 0.02), and proportion of active visits (adjusted odds ratio 1.58 [95% confidence interval 1.25–2.01] for the group with the highest level of activity vs. the lowest level of activity, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Subretinal fibrosis was found in 40% of eyes after 10 years of treatment. High rates of lesion activity, predominantly classic lesions, poor baseline vision, and larger lesion size seem to be independent risk factors for SRFi.
Development of a Simple and Practical Delirium Screening Tool for Use in Surgical Wards
Authors: KUBOTA Keisuke , SUZUKI Akihiro , OHDE Sachiko , YAMADA Ui , FUJITANI Ikumi , KOITABASHI Aya 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Delirium is an important and common medical condition, particularly in hospitalized patients, that is associated with adverse outcomes. The identification, prevention, and treatment of delirium are increasingly regarded as major public health priorities.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to create a simple-to-use screening tool for delirium in hospitalized patients using clinical manifestations of delirium regularly observed by nurses.

Methods
This study was conducted using data on 2,168 patients who had been admitted to the surgical ward between January 2011 and December 2014. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and a logistic regression model was constructed for the development of a predictive screening tool. After constructing a new screening tool for delirium, a receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn, the most appropriate cutoff value was decided, and the area under the curve was obtained. Bootstrapping was used for the internal model validation.

Results
A screening tool for delirium (Subjective Delirium Screening Scale by Nurse) with a total score of 5 points was constructed as follows: 2 points for disorientation and 1 point each for restlessness, somnolence, and hallucination. The area under the curve for the Subjective Delirium Screening Scale by Nurse was 81.9% (95% CI [77.9%, 85.8%]), and the most appropriate cutoff value was determined to be 2 (sensitivity of 61.0% and specificity of 96.7%). Bootstrapped validation beta coefficients of the predictive factors were similar to the original cohort beta coefficients.

Conclusions
We created a screening tool for delirium using factors that were regularly observed and recorded by nurses. This tool is simple and practical and has adequate diagnostic accuracy.