bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anhedonia, screen time, and substance use in early adolescents: A longitudinal mediation analysis
Authors: Christodoulou Georgia , Majmundar Anuja , Chou Chih‐Ping , Pentz Mary Ann 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionScreen time is associated with substance use risk among adolescents; however, less is known about the underlying factors that explain this association. Methods: This research examined anhedonia, a facet of depression noted by the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, as a mediating factor in the relationship between screen time (hours spent watching television, using internet, and/or playing video games outside of school) and substance use (alcohol and/or cigarettes). We used a longitudinal survey design among a sample of students aged 9–11 years in the 4th to 6th grades in Southern California, United States of America [N = 709 (354 males)]. Results: Structural equation modeling (SEM) findings revealed longitudinal mediation effects of anhedonia on the association between screen time and substance use, while controlling for baseline screen time, baseline individual and peer substance use, race/ethnicity, and gender. Moderation analysis based on a multiple‐group approach revealed that gender was not a significant moderator of this mediation pathway. Conclusions: Adolescents may become desensitized and exhibit a blunted response to hedonic effects from increased screen time. This may result in increased anhedonia and greater risk for substance use through the need to compensate for the reduced experience of rewards. These findings have implications for future school‐based substance use prevention and intervention programs.
GliomaDB: A Web Server for Integrating Glioma Omics Data and Interactive Analysis
Authors: Yang Yadong , Sui Yang , Xie Bingbing , Qu Hongzhu , Fang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most common types of brain cancers. Numerous efforts have been devoted to studying the mechanisms of glioma genesis and identifying biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. To help further investigations, we present a comprehensive database named GliomaDB. GliomaDB includes 21,086 samples from 4303 patients and integrates genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, clinical, and gene-drug association data regarding glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and low-grade glioma (LGG) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and PharmGKB. GliomaDB offers a user-friendly interface for two main types of functionalities. The first comprises queries of (i) somatic mutations, (ii) gene expression, (iii) microRNA (miRNA) expression, and (iv) DNA methylation. In addition, queries can be executed at the gene, region, and base level. Second, GliomaDB allows users to perform survival analysis, coexpression network visualization, multi-omics data visualization, and targeted drug recommendations based on personalized variations. GliomaDB bridges the gap between glioma genomics big data and the delivery of integrated information for end users, thus enabling both researchers and clinicians to effectively use publicly available data and empowering the progression of precision medicine in glioma. GliomaDB is freely accessible at http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gliomaDB.
Brain Banks Spur New Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Research and Strategies for Analysis and Validation
Authors: Wang Le , Xia Yan , Chen Yu , Dai Rujia , Qiu Wenying , Meng Qingtuan , Kuney Liz , Chen Chao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders affect hundreds of millions of patients and families worldwide. To decode the molecular framework of these diseases, many studies use human postmortem brain samples. These studies reveal brain-specific genetic and epigenetic patterns via high-throughput sequencing technologies. Identifying best practices for the collection of postmortem brain samples, analyzing such large amounts of sequencing data, and interpreting these results are critical to advance neuropsychiatry. We provide an overview of human brain banks worldwide, including progress in China, highlighting some well-known projects using human postmortem brain samples to understand molecular regulation in both normal brains and those with neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, we discuss future research strategies, as well as state-of-the-art statistical and experimental methods that are drawn upon brain bank resources to improve our understanding of the agents of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Recommendations for the Study of Vulvar Pain in Women, Part 1: Review of Assessment Tools
Authors: Rosen Natalie O. , Bergeron Sophie , Pukall Caroline F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe etiology and consequences of chronic vulvar pain are multidimensional, resulting in highly variable clinical presentations and no established treatment algorithm. Inconsistent use of measurement tools across studies is a significant barrier to drawing conclusions regarding etiology and treatment. In a companion paper, we review additional methodological challenges to the study of chronic vulvar pain and potential solutions.AimTo review and recommend assessment and measurement tools for vulvar pain and associated key outcomes.MethodsThe authors reviewed the scientific evidence related to measurement of vulvar pain and made decisions regarding recommendations via discussion and consensus.Main Outcome MeasureWe assessed measurement tools for vulvar pain and related outcomes and considered advantages and disadvantages of their use.ResultsEmpirically validated measurement tools are available and should be used uniformly across studies to support comparisons and pooling of results. There is, at times, a trade-off between advantages and disadvantages when selecting a particular tool, and researchers should be guided by their specific research aims, feasibility, and potential to gain further knowledge in the field. Researchers should incorporate a biopsychosocial assessment of vulvar pain and its consequences.Clinical ImplicationsThis review provides a comprehensive list of measurement tool recommendations for use in clinical research, and in some cases, clinical practice.Strengths & LimitationsThis expert review can guide study design and decision-making for those researching vulvar pain and its consequences. The review content and recommendations are based on expert knowledge of the literature rather than a formal systematic review.ConclusionA thorough consideration of vulvar pain assessment tools is essential for continued progress toward identifying factors involved in the development and maintenance of vulvar pain and developing empirically supported treatments.
Selective herbicides for control of hen’s eyes (Ardisia crenata) in forests and natural areas
Authors: Cristan Richard , Minogue Patrick J. , Enloe Stephen F. , Sellers Brent , Osiecka Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHen’s eyes (Ardisia crenataSims) is a shade-tolerant invasive shrub displacing native understory in forests of the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. Few studies have explored herbicide effectiveness onA. crenata, with foliar applications of triclopyr amine or triclopyr ester typically referenced as the standard treatments. This study evaluated efficacy of eight foliar herbicide treatments and a nontreated check at three locations at 12 mo after the first treatment (12MAT1) and 12 mo after the second treatment (12MAT2) on established (greater than 8-cm high) and seedling (less than 8-cm high)A. crenata. Treatments were four triclopyr formulations: amine, ester, choline, and acid (all at 4.04 kg ae ha−1); imazamox (1.12 and 2.24 kg ae ha−1); flumioxazin (0.43 kg ai ha−1); and triclopyr amine plus flumioxazin (4.04 + 0.43 kg ae ha−1). At 12MAT1, triclopyr ester, the high rate of imazamox, and triclopyr acid resulted in greater control of establishedA. crenatathan any other herbicide (68%, 66%, and 64%, respectively). At 12MAT2, all herbicides except flumioxazin resulted in some control ofA. crenata. Triclopyr ester, triclopyr acid, and the high rate of imazamox provided 95%, 93%, and 92% control, respectively. Triclopyr choline did not perform as well as the acid or ester formulations, and the tank mix of flumioxazin and triclopyr amine did not improve control over triclopyr amine alone. This study identified triclopyr acid and imazamox (2.24 kg ae ha−1) as new options forA. crenatacontrol and indicated variation in the performance among the four triclopyr formulations.
The Effect of Using the Flow Separator Blade to Increase the Uniformity of Flow in the Intake Manifold
Authors: Babadi M. Nazemi , Kheradmand S. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an idea to make the flow uniform inside the manifolds of four and six cylinder engines without changing their main geometries is presented. In general the uniform distribution of air flow among the engine cylinders is very important. Non-uniform flow in the intake manifold outlets causes inadequate feeding of the cylinders, inappropriate combustion and reduces engine volumetric efficiency. So this matter is vital for improving engine performance. A flow guide blade is added into the manifold and uniformity of the air flow is studied in different regime using transient numerical simulations. The amount of air exited from each outlet and the effect of this blade on flow uniformity is investigated. The results showed that the blade has made the flow more uniform in the manifold outlets and it was also found that in the four-cylinder and six-cylinder engines the flow uniformity is increased by 67% and 75%, respectively. In other words, as the number of engine cylinders increase, the effect of using this blade increases.
Intrinsic functional connectivity, CSF biomarker profiles and their relation to cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Matura Silke , Köhler Jan , Reif Andreas , Fusser Fabian , Karakaya Tarik , Scheibe Monika , Ehret Felix , Hartmann Daniel , Kang Jun-Suk , Mayer Christoph , Prvulovic David , Pantel Johannes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD), and in a high proportion of individuals affected by MCI, there are already neuropathological processes ongoing that become more evident when patients progress to AD. Accordingly, there is a need for reliable biomarkers to distinguish between normal aging and incipient AD. Recent research suggests that, in addition to established biomarkers such as CSF Aß42, total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau, resting state connectivity established by functional magnetic resonance imaging might also be a feasible biomarker for prodromal stages of AD. In order to explore this possibility, we investigated resting state functional connectivity as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profiles in patients with MCI (n = 30; age 66.43 ± 7.06 years) and cognitively healthy controls (n = 38; age 66.89 ± 7.12 years). CSF Aß42, total tau and hyperphosphorylated tau concentrations were correlated with measures of cognitive performance (immediate and delayed recall, global cognition, processing speed). Moreover, MCI-related alterations in intrinsic functional connectivity within the default mode network were investigated using functional resting state MRI. As expected, MCI patients showed decreased CSF Aß42 and increased total tau concentrations. These alterations were associated with cognitive performance. However, there were no differences between MCI patients and cognitively healthy controls regarding intrinsic functional connectivity. In conclusion, our results indicate that CSF protein profiles seem to be more closely related to cognitive decline than alterations in resting state activity. Thus, resting state connectivity might not be a reliable biomarker for early stages of AD.
Real closed valued fields with analytic structure
Authors: Cubides Kovacsics Pablo , Haskell Deirdre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe show quantifier elimination theorems for real closed valued fields with separated analytic structure and overconvergent analytic structure in their natural one-sorted languages and deduce that such structures are weakly o-minimal. We also provide a short proof that algebraically closed valued fields with separated analytic structure (in any rank) are C-minimal.
Impact of mechanical ventilation on the daily costs of ICU care: a systematic review and meta regression
Authors: Kaier Klaus , Heister Thomas , Motschall Edith , Hehn Philip , Bluhmki Tobias , Wolkewitz Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The impact of mechanical ventilation on the daily costs of intensive care unit (ICU) care is largely unknown. We thus conducted a systematic search for studies measuring the daily costs of ICU stays for general populations of adults (age ≥18 years) and the added costs of mechanical ventilation. The relative increase in the daily costs was estimated using random effects meta regression. The results of the analyses were applied to a recent study calculating the excess length-of-stay associated with ICU-acquired (ventilator-associated) pneumonia, a major complication of mechanical ventilation. The search identified five eligible studies including a total of 54 766 patients and ~238 037 patient days in the ICU. Overall, mechanical ventilation was associated with a 25.8% (95% CI 4.7%–51.2%) increase in the daily costs of ICU care. A combination of these estimates with standardised unit costs results in approximate daily costs of a single ventilated ICU day of €1654 and €1580 in France and Germany, respectively. Mechanical ventilation is a major driver of ICU costs and should be taken into account when measuring the financial burden of adverse events in ICU settings.
All‐Sky Interferometric Meteor Radar Observations of Zonal Structure and Drifts of Low‐Latitude Ionospheric E Region Irregularities
Authors: Wang Ye , Li Guozhu , Ning Baiqi , Yang Sipeng , Sun Wenjie , Yu You 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAll‐sky interferometric meteor radar has been operated worldwide for the measurements of neutral winds in the mesopause region. In this paper, we employ an all‐sky meteor radar and an ionospheric radar, which are situated at Ledong (18.4°N,109°E) and Sanya (18.3°N,109.6°E), respectively, and both have the interferometry capability, to study the zonal structure and drifts of ionospheric E region irregularities producing continuous and quasiperiodic echoes. We use the collocated optical meteor observations to calibrate the radar system phase offsets for interferometry measurements. A good correspondence between the irregularity measurements from both radars was found. The observations show that the quasiperiodic striations with both negative and positive slopes in radar range‐time‐intensity maps were produced by spatially separated irregularity structures, which drift through the radar field of view. The continuous echoes were due to irregularities generated locally. Specifically, comparing with ionospheric radar, all‐sky meteor radar has a much wider field of view that can provide E region irregularity information over a large zonal region of more than 300 km. It is suggested that all‐sky meteor radar provides a capability to probe ionospheric E region irregularities and to trace their movements.
Ultraslow Spreading and Volcanism at the Eastern End of Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Jokat Wilfried , O'Connor John , Hauff Folkmar , Koppers Anthony A.P. , Miggins Dan P. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTUltraslow spreading ridges are poorly understood plate boundaries consisting of magmatic and amagmatic segments that expose mostly mantle peridotite and only traces of basalt and gabbro. The slowest part of the global spreading system is represented by the eastern Gakkel Ridge in the Central Arctic Ocean, where crustal accretion is characterized by extreme focusing of melt to discrete magmatic centers. Close to its eastern tip lies the unusual 5,310‐m‐deep Gakkel Ridge Deep (GRD) with limited sediment infill, which is in strong contrast to the broader sediment‐filled rift valleys to the east and west. Here, we report an 40Ar/39Ar age of 3.65 ± 0.01 Ma for a pillow basalt from a seamount located on the rim the GRD, confirming ultraslow spreading rates of ~7 mm/year close to the Laptev Sea as suggested from aeromagnetic data. Its geochemistry points to an alkaline lava, attributed to partial melting of a source that underwent prior geochemical enrichment. We note that the GRD extracts compositionally similar melts as the sparsely magmatic zone further west but at much slower spreading velocities of only ~6−7 mm/year, indicating the widespread occurrence of similarly fertile mantle in the High Arctic. This enriched source differs from subcontinental lithospheric mantle that influences magmatism along the Western Volcanic Zone (Goldstein et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06919) and is similar to metasomatized mantle, shown to influence melt genesis along the Eastern Volcanic Zone.
Wet‐Snow Metamorphism Drives the Transition From Preferential to Matrix Flow in Snow
Authors: Hirashima Hiroyuki , Avanzi Francesco , Wever Nander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to explain the poorly understood transition between preferential and matrix flow in snow, we compared observations from a cold‐laboratory experiment with predictions from a multidimensional water transport snow model. We found a good agreement between the modeled and observed evolution of grain size distributions if two or three dimensions are considered by the model, which validates existing theories of snow grain growth. Furthermore, the model reproduced the spatial migration of preferential flow paths with time and a progressive homogenization of snow wetness and structure only if grain growth was simulated. Spatially varying grain growth thus drives the transition from a preferential flow to a matrix flow regime. This transition is faster when grain size and density are lower, or infiltration rates are higher. This explains why preferential flow is more persistent in firn than in snow.
Enhancement of Impact Heating in Pressure‐Strengthened Rocks in Oblique Impacts
Authors: Wakita S. , Genda H. , Kurosawa K. , Davison T. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractShock‐induced metamorphism in meteorites informs us about the collisional environment and history of our solar system. Recently, the importance of material strength in impact heating was reported from head‐on impact simulations. Here, we perform three‐dimensional oblique impact simulations and confirm the additional heating due to material strength for oblique impacts. Despite a large difference in the peak pressure at the impact point at a given impact velocity, we find that the heated mass for an oblique impact is nearly the same as that for a head‐on impact. Thus, our results differ from the previous finding that the heated mass decreases as the impact becomes more oblique and show that the additional shear heating is more effective for oblique impacts than for head‐on impacts. This also indicates that material ejected during oblique impact tends to experience lower shock pressures but higher temperatures.
Time‐Varying Contribution of Internal Dynamics to Wintertime Land Temperature Trends Over the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Gong Hainan , Wang Lin , Chen Wen , Wu Renguang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the contribution of internal dynamics to recently observed land temperature trends is a challenge. In particular, the time‐varying contributions of internal dynamics to these changes are poorly understood. Here, we apply a “dynamical adjustment” method to quantitatively estimate the time‐varying contribution of the internal dynamics to the wintertime land surface air temperature (SAT) trends over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during 1961–2018. The observed wintertime land SAT trends over the NH are strongly influenced by internal dynamical processes, especially over the Eurasian continent. The internal dynamically induced SAT trends contribute more than 60%, 40%, and 70% of total warming during the first 30 years of 1961–1990 over the NH, North America, and Eurasian continent, respectively. These ratios decrease to about 20% with the extension of time period to 1961–2018. The time‐varying contributions of internal dynamics analogs to the multidecadal fluctuations of the Arctic Oscillation.
Geochemical Evidence for Hydration and Dehydration of Crustal Rocks During Continental Rifting
Authors: He Qiang , Zhang Shao‐Bing , Zheng Yong‐Fei , Xia Qiong‐Xia , Rubatto Daniela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo understand the temporal sequence of geological processes such as magmatism, water‐rock interaction, and metamorphism in fossil continental rifts, a combined study of petrography, mineral geochemistry, in situ garnet O isotopes, in situ zircon U‐Pb ages and O isotopes, and pseudosection calculations was conducted for metagranites from a Neoproterozoic continental rift generated during the Rodinia breakup. The results provide insights into the operation of hydration and dehydration during continental rifting. In the metagranites from the northern margin of South China, three types of garnet (Garnet‐I to ‐III) are distinguished. They were sequentially produced by hydrothermal alteration, metamorphic dehydration, and fluid metasomatism. All of these garnets show negative δ18O values of −19.3‰ to −14.5‰, in contrast to mantle‐like δ18O values for magmatic zircon. The extremely negative δ18O values of hydrothermal Garnet‐I require infiltration of the continental deglacial meltwater during the continental rifting, and before that zircon crystallized from normal δ18O magmas. Once the rocks were hydrothermally altered, the extreme 18O depletion was retained in all later products such as metamorphic Garnet‐II and metasomatic Garnet‐III. Pseudosection calculations indicate that the metamorphic dehydration occurred at 1.0–3.0 kbar and 630–690 °C during a reheating stage, corresponding to high thermal gradients of >60 °C/km. The high‐temperature/low‐pressure metamorphic rocks produced by such high thermal gradients are indicative of the continental rift setting. The mineral geochemistry records not only the temporal sequence of rift magmatism, water‐rock interaction, and rift metamorphism but also the evolution of temperature and water action in the crust during the continental rifting.