bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-based differences in pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: LiBrizzi Christa L. , Klyce Walter , Ibaseta Alvaro , Shannon Claire , Lee R. Jay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures are reported to be approximately twice as common among boys as among girls. Little is known about sex-associated differences in fracture patterns and complications. We compared the incidence of pediatric SCH fractures, injury mechanism (high-energy or low-energy), fracture subtypes, associated neurologic injuries, and treatment types by patient sex.
We reviewed 1231 pediatric SCH fractures treated at 1 center from 2008 to 2017, analyzing sex distributions overall and by year and fracture subtype. We noted patient demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, neurologic injuries, and treatments (nonoperative or operative). Binomial 2-tailed, chi-squared, and Student's t tests were used for analysis. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess associations between sex, age, and injury mechanism. Alpha = 0.05.
We found no significant difference in the distribution of girls (52%) vs boys (48%) in our sample compared with a binomial distribution (
P = .11). Annual percentages of fractures occurring in girls ranged from 46% to 63%, and sex distribution did not change significantly over time. The mean (± standard deviation) age at injury was significantly younger for girls (5.5 ± 2.5 years) than for boys (6.1 ± 2.5 years) (P < .001). High-energy injury mechanism was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.06) but not male sex (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.98–1.1). The overall incidence of neurologic injury was 9.5% but boys did not have greater odds of sustaining neurologic injury (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.0–1.1). We found no sex-associated differences in the distribution of Gartland fracture subtypes (P = .13) or treatment type (P = .39).
Compared with boys, girls sustain SCH fractures at a younger age. SCH fractures were distributed equally among girls and boys in our sample. Patient sex was not associated with fracture subtype, injury mechanism, neurologic injury, or operative treatment. These findings challenge the perception that SCH fracture is more common in boys than girls.
Level III, retrospective study.
Dietary supplements for prediabetes
Authors: Liu Dongying , Wen Qing , Liu Min , Gao Yang , Luo Lihong , Zhang Zhuo , Chen Qiu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
The number of prediabetic individuals is at a high level worldwide and they have an increased risk of developing diabetes, causing severe physical impairment and heavy financial burden. Recently, using various dietary supplements is increasingly common, and relevant trials of different diseases are increasing correspondingly. The effects of dietary supplements have been confirmed in some studies among prediabetic individuals. However, there remains no comprehensive systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements intake in prediabetic individuals.

Methods:
We plan to search and retrieve applicable randomized controlled trials of dietary supplements for prediabetic individuals in the following databases before June 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database(AMED), Chinese Biomedical Literature database, Wan Fang database, Chinese Scientific Journal database (VIP), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database(CNKI), and the ClinicalTrials.gov website. Two reviewers will separately perform study selection, data extraction, methodological quality assessment and quality of evidence assessment. Data analysis and publication bias will be conducted by Review Manager 5.3.

Results and conclusions:
This evidence-based medicine systematic review will prove the efficacy and safety of multifarious dietary supplements for prediabetes.

Ethics and dissemination:
As this systematic review is based merely on already published literature, no approval of the ethics committee is required. We will disseminate this systematic review to a peer-reviewed journal.

Protocol registration number:
INPLASY202040057.
Recent advances in neuroimaging of bladder, bowel and sexual function
Authors: Coolen Rosa L. , Groenendijk Ilse M. , Blok Bertil F.M. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the neural control of the bladder, bowel and sexual function, in both men and women.

Recent findings
Evidence of supraspinal areas controlling the storage of urine and micturition in animals, such as the pontine micturition centre, emerged in the early 20th century. Neurological stimulation and lesion studies in humans provided additional indirect evidence for additional bladder-related brain areas. Thereafter, functional neuroimaging in humans with PET and fMRI provided more direct evidence of the involvement of these brain areas. The areas involved in the storage and expulsion of urine also seem to be involved in the central control of storage and expulsion of feces. Furthermore, most knowledge on the brain control of sexual function is obtained from dynamic imaging in human volunteers. Relatively little is known about the dysfunctional central circuits in patients with pelvic organ dysfunction.

Summary
fMRI has been the most widely used functional neuroimaging technique in the last decade to study the central control of bladder function, anorectal function and sexual function. The studies described in this review show which sensory and motor areas are involved, including cortical and subcortical areas. We propose the existence of a switch-like phenomenon located in the pons controlling micturition, defecation and orgasm.
Military Sexual Trauma and Chronic Pain in Veterans
Authors: Turner Aaron P. , Harding Kaitlin A. , Brier Moriah J. , Anderson Derek R. , Williams Rhonda M. 
Published: May 2020

Objective
Chronic pain rehabilitation warrants sensitivity to unique psychosocial factors, such as trauma history. In Veterans of the United States Armed Forces, military sexual trauma (MST) is a pervasive type of trauma associated with a host of physical and psychological sequelae. A growing literature suggests a relationship between history of MST and chronic pain. This study sought to clarify the relationship between MST and chronic pain among male and female Veterans and explore whether individual factors moderate this relationship.

Design
A baseline survey of 328 Veterans seeking care for chronic pain via behavioral pain treatments was conducted.

Results
MST was reported by 31.4% of the sample and uniquely predicted pain interference. A significant interaction was found between MST and age, such that younger Veterans with a history of MST reported greater pain interference than younger Veterans with no MST.

Conclusion
Findings provide further evidence that the experience of MST may intensify the overall burden of chronic pain and suggest that younger Veterans with MST seem to be most vulnerable to impaired pain rehabilitation. Unique study contributions include a robust sample of women and men with elevated rates of MST and examination of MST-age relationships concurrent with chronic pain.
Brief Report: Willingness to Accept HIV-Infected and Increased Infectious Risk Donor Organs Among Transplant Candidates Living With HIV
Authors: Seaman Shanti M. , Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah E. , Nguyen Anh Q. , Halpern Samantha E. , You Susan , Waldram Madeleine M. , Anjum Saad K. , Bowring Mary Grace , Muzaale Abimereki D. , Ostrander Darin B. , Brown Diane , Massie Allan B. , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Henderson Macey L. , Fletcher Faith E. , Smith Burke , Chao Ada , Gorupati Nishita , Prakash Katya , Aslam Saima , Lee Dong H. , Kirchner Varvara , Pruett Timothy L. , Haidar Ghady , Hughes Kailey , Malinis Maricar , Trinh Sonya , Segev Dorry L. , Sugarman Jeremy , Durand Christine M. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
HIV-infected (HIV+) donor to HIV+ recipient (HIV D+/R+) transplantation might improve access to transplantation for people living with HIV. However, it remains unknown whether transplant candidates living with HIV will accept the currently unknown risks of HIV D+/R+ transplantation.

Methods:
We surveyed transplant candidates living with HIV from 9 US transplant centers regarding willingness to accept HIV+ donor organs.

Results:
Among 116 participants, the median age was 55 years, 68% were men, and 78% were African American. Most were willing to accept HIV+ living donor organs (87%), HIV+ deceased donor organs (84%), and increased infectious risk donor organs (70%). Some (30%) were concerned about HIV superinfection; even among these respondents, 71% were willing to accept an HIV D+ organ. Respondents from centers that had already performed a transplant under an HIV D+/R+ transplantation research protocol were more willing to accept HIV+ deceased donor organs (89% vs. 71%, P = 0.04). Respondents who chose not to enroll in an HIV D+/R+ transplantation research protocol were less likely to believe that HIV D+/R+ transplantation was safe (45% vs. 77%, P = 0.02), and that HIV D+ organs would work similar to HIV D− organs (55% vs. 77%, P = 0.04), but more likely to believe they would receive an infection other than HIV from an HIV D+ organ (64% vs. 13%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Willingness to accept HIV D+ organs among transplant candidates living with HIV does not seem to be a major barrier to HIV D+/R+ transplantation and may increase with growing HIV D+/R+ transplantation experience.
Sex Work Is Associated With Increased Vaginal Microbiome Diversity in Young Women From Mombasa, Kenya
Authors: Sivro Aida , Mwatelah Ruth , Kambaran Cheli , Gebrebrhan Henok , Becker Michael G. , Ma Huiting , Klatt Nichole R. , Zevin Alexander S. , King'ola Nzioki , Wambua Sammy , Gichangi Peter , Cheuk Eve , McLaren Paul J. , Mishra Sharmistha , Becker Marissa , McKinnon Lyle R. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Although nonoptimal vaginal bacteria and inflammation have been associated with increased HIV risk, the upstream drivers of these phenotypes are poorly defined in young African women.

Setting:
Mombasa, Kenya.

Methods:
We characterized vaginal microbiome and cytokine profiles of sexually active young women aged 14–24 years (n = 168) in 3 study groups: those engaging in formal sex work, in transactional sex, and nonsex workers. Vaginal secretions were collected using self-inserted SoftCup, and assayed for cytokines and vaginal microbiome through multiplex ELISA and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. Epidemiological data were captured using a validated questionnaire.

Results:
The median age of participants was 20 years (interquartile range: 18–22 years). Approximately two-thirds of young women (105/168) had vaginal microbial communities characterized by Gardnerella and/or Prevotella spp. dominance; a further 29% (49/168) were predominantly Lactobacillus iners. Microbiome clustering explained a large proportion of cytokine variation (>50% by the first 2 principal components). Age was not associated with vaginal microbial profiles in bivariable or multivariable analyses. Women self-identifying as sex workers had increased alpha (intraindividual) diversity, independent of age, recent sexual activity, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections (beta = 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.05 to 0.90, P = 0.03). Recent sex (number of partners or sex acts last week, time since last vaginal sex) correlated with increased alpha diversity, particularly in participants who were not involved in sex work.

Conclusion:
Nonoptimal vaginal microbiomes were common in young Kenyan women and associated with sex work and recent sexual activity, but independent of age. Restoring optimal vaginal microflora may represent a useful HIV prevention strategy.
Adrenalectomy for Secondary Malignancy: Patients, Outcomes, and Indications
Authors: Wachtel Heather , Roses Robert E. , Kuo Lindsay E. , Lindeman Brenessa M. , Nehs Matthew A. , Tavakkoli Ali , Parangi Sareh , Hodin Richard A. , Fraker Douglas L. , James Benjamin C. , Carr Azadeh A. , Wang Tracy S. , Solórzano Carmen C. , Lubitz Carrie C. 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The goal of this study was to examine a multi-institutional experience with adrenal metastases to describe survival outcomes and identify subpopulations who benefit from adrenal metastasectomy.

Background:
Adrenalectomy for metastatic disease is well-described, although indications and outcomes are incompletely defined.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients undergoing adrenalectomy for secondary malignancy (2002–2015) at 6 institutions. The primary outcomes were disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Analysis methods included Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards.

Results:
Of 269 patients, mean age was 60.1 years; 50% were male. The most common primary malignancies were lung (n = 125, 47%), renal cell (n = 38, 14%), melanoma (n = 33, 12%), sarcoma (n = 18, 7%), and colorectal (n = 12, 5%). The median time to detection of adrenal metastasis after initial diagnosis of the primary tumor was 17 months (interquartile range: 6–41). Post-adrenalectomy, the median DFS was 18 months (1-year DFS: 54%, 5-year DFS: 31%). On multivariable analysis, lung primary was associated with longer DFS [hazard ratio (HR): 0.49, P = 0.008). Extra-adrenal oligometastatic disease at initial presentation (HR: 1.84, P = 0.016), larger tumor size (HR: 1.07, P = 0.013), chemotherapy as treatment of the primary tumor (HR: 2.07 P = 0.027) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR: 1.95, P = 0.009) were associated with shorter DFS. Median OS was 53 months (1-year OS: 83%, 5-year OS: 43%). On multivariable analysis, extra-adrenal oligometastatic disease at adrenalectomy (HR: 1.74, P = 0.031), and incomplete resection of adrenal metastasis (R1 margins; HR: 1.62, P = 0.034; R2 margins; HR: 5.45, P = 0.002) were associated with shorter OS.

Conclusions:
Durable survival is observed in patients undergoing adrenal metastasectomy and should be considered for subjects with isolated adrenal metastases.
Evidence-based Reviews in Surgery Long-term Outcome of Surgery Versus Conservative Management for Recurrent and Ongoing Complaints After an Episode of Diverticulitis
Authors: Patel Sunil V. , Hendren Samantha , Zaborowski Alexandra , Winter Des 
Published: May 2020

Question:
Does surgery or conservative management of recurring diverticulitis/ongoing symptoms results in a higher quality of life (QoL) at 5-year follow-up.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Multicenter trial in the Netherlands.

Patients:
Patients aged 18 to 75 years, who presented with either ongoing abdominal complaints (for >3 months) and/or frequently recurring left-sided diverticulitis (>2 episodes in 2 years) after an objectified (via Computed Tomography, Ultrasound or Endoscopy) episode of diverticulitis were included in this study.

Intervention:
Elective Sigmoid Resection within 6 weeks vs. Conservative Management

Main Outcome:
QoL at 5-year follow-up, as measured by the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI). Secondary outcomes included additional QoL assessments (including the EuroQoL-5D-3L, Visual Analogue Score for pain, and the short form 36 health survey)

Results:
The intention to treat analysis showed the surgical group had a higher quality of life (GIQLI) score than the conservative group (mean difference 9.7, 95% confidence interval 1.7–17.7, P = 0.018), which approached but did not meet the minimum important difference of 10. This difference was achieved in 67% of those in the operative group versus 57% in the conservative group (many of who eventually underwent surgery).

Conclusions:
The study results demonstrate that HRQOL at 5-year follow-up may be improved in patients undergoing surgical resection, although this difference did not meet the MID for the GIQLI.
Urinary Tract Infection After Midurethral Sling
Authors: Varasteh Kia Mujan , Long Jaime Bashore , Chen Chi Chiung Grace 
Published: May 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to clarify which baseline, operative, and postoperative factors are associated with the development and recurrence of urinary tract infection (UTI) after midurethral sling (MUS).

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent a MUS from February 2010 to April 2014 within a single practice with 2 surgeons. Distribution of perioperative factors with relation to 6-week UTI occurrence (primary outcome) and recurrent UTI (secondary outcome) within a year after surgery were analyzed using Student's t test and χ2 test. Then, independent risk factors were determined using multiple logistic regression. A P value of less than 0.05 defined statistical significance.

Results
From the 500 patients who underwent MUS, 79 (15.8%) developed a UTI within 6 weeks of surgery and 5.8% had recurrent UTI within a year. Looking at the independent effects, patients with a history of recurrent UTI and voiding dysfunction requiring catheterization more than 24 hours were at a higher risk of developing UTI within 6 weeks after surgery. In addition, having a history of recurrent UTI, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and postoperative UTI within 6 weeks after surgery were significantly associated with postoperative recurrent UTI.

Conclusions
In this study, we identified baseline and postoperative characteristics that are associated with greater risk of UTI within 6 weeks and recurrent UTI after MUS. These factors can be potentially modified or useful in counseling patients on personalized risks and benefits of the surgical procedure.
Psychosocial therapies in severe mental illness: update on evidence and recommendations
Authors: Gühne Uta , Weinmann Stefan , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Becker Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of the update of the evidence-based and consensus-based German S3 guideline on psychosocial therapies for severe mental illnesses (SMI), with particular attention to current developments and future research tasks.

Recent findings
There has been a significant increase in studies on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in treatment of people with SMI. In the guideline a distinction is made between system-level interventions (e.g. multidisciplinary team-based psychiatric community care) and single-handed (nonteam-based) interventions (e.g. psychoeducation). Furthermore, principles of treatment (e.g. recovery-orientation) and self-help interventions (e.g. peer support) are addressed. The update of the guideline includes 33 recommendations and 12 statements. Compared with the first edition, there were upgrades in the recommendation of Supported Employment (A) and Supported Housing (A). Interventions such as peer support (B) and lifestyle interventions (A) were included for the first time. Developments are discussed in the context of most recent literature. Areas for further research are highlighted and fields for next updates such as antistigma interventions and supported parenting were identified.

Summary
The present guideline offers an important opportunity to further improve health services for people with SMI. However, guideline implementation is challenging.
Evaluation of Contact-Tracing Policies Against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Austria – An Agent-Based Simulation
Authors: Bicher Martin , Rippinger Claire , Urach Christoph , Brunmeir Dominik , Siebert Uwe , Popper Niki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany countries have successfully managed to stop the exponential spread of SARS-CoV-2. Still, the danger of a second wave of infections is omnipresent and it is clear that every containment policy must be carefully evaluated and possibly replaced by a different, less restrictive policy, before it can be lifted. Contact tracing and consequential breaking of infection-chains is a promising strategy to help contain the disease, although its precise impact on the epidemic is unknown.ObjectiveIn this work we aim to quantify the impact of tracing on the containment of the disease.DesignWe developed an agent-based simulation model that simulates the spread of the disease and allows for exploratory analysis of containment policies. We apply this model to quantify the impact of contact tracing in different characteristics in Austria and to derive general conclusions on contract tracing.ResultsThis modelling study displays the dynamics of the interplay between strictness of the tracing policies, isolated persons, and active COVID-19 infections. It shows that a strict tracing policy does not necessarily imply that the total number of quarantined persons is high as well, because the disease is better contained.LimitationsThe results are limited by the validity of the modeling assumptions, model parameter estimates, and the quality of the parametrization data.ConclusionsThe study shows that tracing is indeed an efficient measure to keep COVID-19 case numbers low but comes at the price of too many precautious quarantined people if the disease is not well contained. Therefore, contact tracing must be executed strictly and compliance within the population must be held up to prevent new disease outbreaks.
A sound strategy for homology modeling-based affinity maturation of a HIF-1α single-domain intrabody
Authors: Hu Min , Kang Guangbo , Cheng Xin , Wang Jiewen , Li Ruowei , Bai Zixuan , Yang Dong , Huang He 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA sound strategy for computer-aided binding affinity prediction was developed forin siliconanobody affinity maturation. Venn-intersection of multi-algorithm screening (VIMAS), an iterative computer-assisted nanobody affinity maturation virtual screening procedure, was designed. Homology modeling and protein docking methods were used to substitute the need for solution of a complex crystal structure, which is expanding the application of this platform. As a test case, an anti-HIF-1α nanobody, VHH212, was screenedviaa native ribosome display library with a 26.6 nM of KDvalue was used as the parent. A mutant with a 17.5-fold enhancement in binding affinity (1.52 nM) was obtained by using the VIMAS strategy. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction of interface residues, which is important for binding affinity, was analyzed in-depth. Targeting HIF-1α can sensitize PDAC tumors to gemcitabine, which is a potential co-treatment method for pancreatic cancer patients. Under combined treatment, the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cell lines increased with the enhanced-affinity of an intrabody. Thus, this study provides a platform for universal, efficient and convenientin silicoaffinity maturation of nanobodies.
Evolutionary Transcriptome Analysis Based on Differentially Expressed (DE) Genes
Authors: Gu Xun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo address how gene regulation plays a key role in phenotypic innovations through high throughput transcriptomes, it is desirable to develop statistically-sound methods that enable researchers to study the pattern of transcriptome evolution. Most methods currently available are based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model that considers the stabilizing selection as the baseline model of transcriptome evolution. In this paper, we developed a new evolutionary approach, based on the genome-widep-value profile arising from statistical testing of differentially expressed (DE) genes between species. Our current approach is focused on the estimation of transcriptome distance between species. We first establish the relationship between the evolutionary model (the Markov-chain or Poisson model) and the proportion of null hypothesis (u0), which can be used to estimate the transcriptome distance. Further, we calculate the posterior probability of a gene being DE when ap-value is given, denoted byQ=P(DE|p), and develop a simple algorithm to estimate the transcriptome distance for any number of genes in the genome. Our compute simulations showed the statistical performance of these new methods are generally satisfactory.