bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emplacement of magmatic Cu-Au-Te(-Ni-PGE) sulfide blebs in alkaline mafic rocks of the Mordor Complex, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Holwell David A. , Blanks Daryl E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMagmatic Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide mineralisation is mostly confined to tholeiitic to komatiitic mafic-ultramafic intrusions, yet there have been an increasing number of occurrences recorded in alkaline-ultramafic, post-collisional magmatic systems, particularly in the lower and middle crust that generally display a characteristic Cu-Au-Te enrichment over more conventional Ni-Cu(-PGE) mineralisation. The Mordor Alkaline Igneous Complex, Australia, is a mid-crustal, zoned alkaline complex comprised of a syenite body with an alkaline mafic-ultramafic subcomplex containing dunites, wehrlites and shonkinites. Sulfide mineralisation is present either in thin, PGE-enriched stratiform ‘reefs’ within layered ultramafics in the centre of the subcomplex, or in thicker zones of Cu(-Au-PGE-Te) sulfide hosted by phlogopite-rich shonkinites towards the intrusion margins. This latter style comprises blebs of pyrite, chalcopyrite and minor millerite and PGE tellurides formed from the cooling of a Cu-dominant sulfide liquid. Primary igneous calcite is present in intimate association with the sulfide. We note that the circular nature of the complex, with a dunite core and shonkinite rim with chalcophile element mineralisation, is comparable to the pipe-like, intracratonic, alkaline-ultramafic Aldan Shield intrusions in Russia. As such, Mordor may have an intracratonic rather than post-collisional affinity. Nevertheless, sulfide mineralisation is typical of other alkaline-hosted occurrences, with a Cu-Au-Te-rich signature, low Ni contents and textural association with calcite, supporting models of chalcophile metal and S fluxing alongside carbonate in alkaline systems derived from low degrees of partial melting of hydrous and carbonated mantle sources. Mordor illustrates that alkaline igneous rocks are prospective for magmatic Cu-Au-PGE-Ni sulfide mineralisation, and the classic ‘marginal base metal– and sulfide-rich’ and ‘stratiform PGE-rich and sulfide-poor’ mineralisation styles may both be found in such intrusions.
Bounded Solutions of Ideal MHD with Compact Support in Space-Time
Authors: Faraco Daniel , Lindberg Sauli , Székelyhidi László 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe show that in 3-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamics there exist infinitely many bounded solutions that are compactly supported in space-time and have non-trivial velocity and magnetic fields. The solutions violate conservation of total energy and cross helicity, but preserve magnetic helicity. For the 2-dimensional case we show that, in contrast, no nontrivial compactly supported solutions exist in the energy space.
A priori error estimates of regularized elliptic problems
Authors: Heltai Luca , Lei Wenyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApproximations of the Dirac delta distribution are commonly used to create sequences of smooth functions approximating nonsmooth (generalized) functions, via convolution. In this work we show a-priori rates of convergence of this approximation process in standard Sobolev norms, with minimal regularity assumptions on the approximation of the Dirac delta distribution. The application of these estimates to the numerical solution of elliptic problems with singularly supported forcing terms allows us to provide sharp $$H^1$$

H
1

and $$L^2$$

L
2

error estimates for the corresponding regularized problem. As an application, we show how finite element approximations of a regularized immersed interface method results in the same rates of convergence of its non-regularized counterpart, provided that the support of the Dirac delta approximation is set to a multiple of the mesh size, at a fraction of the implementation complexity. Numerical experiments are provided to support our theories.
Physicochemical characterization of wines produced using indigenous yeasts from cold climate grapes
Authors: Cioch-Skoneczny Monika , Satora Paweł , Skoneczny Szymon , Klimczak Krystian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was the physicochemical characterization of wines produced using indigenous yeasts isolated from spontaneously fermented grape musts, obtained from cold climate grapes.Saccharomyces cerevisiaeMH020215 andNakawazaea ishiwadaeMG971259 yeast strains were used in this study. The musts obtained from white and red grapes of Johanniter and regent varieties were used as a fermentation raw material. In the produced wines, content of ethyl alcohol, total extract, sugars, free amino nitrogen was analyzed, along with determination of total and volatile acidity and volatile compounds profile. Additionally, organoleptic evaluation was performed. Wines obtained with nativeS. cerevisiaeMH020215 strains were characterized with more favorable enological properties. Synthesis of desirable volatile compounds, especially esters, contributed to the creation of desirable aromatic profile of those wines. Moreover, those beverages contained higher levels of carbonyl compounds (especially acetaldehyde) and lower methanol content. Wines obtained usingN. ishiwadaeMG971259 cultures were represented by high total acidity level and substantial fusel alcohol content (mainly butanol, propanol), which resulted in an unfavorable sensory profile of the product.
Quantification of methanogenic Archaea within Baltic Sea copepod faecal pellets
Authors: Wäge Janine , Schmale Oliver , Labrenz Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMethane enrichments are frequently observed in the oxic upper water column of the central Baltic Sea during summer months. However, methane sources as well as the fate of methane produced in surface near waters still remain unclear. In the present study, we conducted ship-based grazing experiments to examine the presence of methanogenic archaea in copepod faecal pellets. We quantified bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA and the mcrA gene and transcripts within copepod faecal pellets by using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. We showed that the pellets (< 150-µm) harbour a small number of methanogenic archaea; however, mcrA transcripts indicating methanogenic activity were not detected. This suggests that copepod faecal pellets from the central Baltic Sea, similar to analogous data on copepod guts, harbour the potential but are an unlikely hotspot for methane production by methanogenic archaea.
Stable Isotope Values in South American Fur Seal Pup Whiskers as Proxies of Year-round Maternal Foraging Ecology
Authors: Jones Kayleigh A. , Baylis Alastair. M. M. , Orben Rachael A. , Ratcliffe Norman , Votier Stephen C. , Newton Jason , Staniland Iain J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural selection should favour strategies that maximise reproductive success. Females may use different resources during progressive stages of reproduction according to energetic demands, behavioural constraints and prey availability. We used South American fur seal,Arctocephalus australis australis, pup whisker isotope values as proxies for maternal diet and habitat use to determine how resource use (1) changes throughout pup development from in utero growth to mid-end of lactation and (2) how it differs among individuals. The longest whisker was cut from 5 male and 5 female fur seal pups (of approximately 8 months of age) at Bird Island, Falkland Islands, in 2018, andδ15N values andδ13C values were analysed every 5 mm along the length of each whisker. Patterns inδ13C values indicated that mothers used different habitats during the annual cycle, likely coinciding with seasonal shifts in prey availability or distribution. The individual specialisation index based onδ13C values was 0.34, indicating that adult females used different habitats, which could reduce intra-specific competition and ultimately enhance pup growth and survival. An increase inδ15N values occurred along every pup whisker from pup birth to mid-end of lactation, which likely reflected trophic enrichment related to suckling and fasting by pups, overriding the maternal isotopic signature. Pup whisker stable isotopes are useful proxies of maternal foraging ecology. However, physiological processes complicate interpretations by alteringδ15N values. Interpreting these values therefore requires additional knowledge of the species’ ecology and physiology.
What should patients do if they miss a dose? A systematic review of patient information leaflets and summaries of product characteristics
Authors: Albassam Abdullah , Hughes Dyfrig A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Medicines regulatory authorities advise that patient information leaflets (PILs) should provide specific advice on what actions to take if one or more doses are missed. We aimed to assess the content in this regard, of PILs and Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs) of prescription only medicines (POMs) marketed in the UK.

Methods
PILs and SmPCs were accessed via the electronic Medicines Compendium. The following terms were used in the advanced search facility: miss(ed), omit(ted), adhere(d), delay(ed), forgot, forget, lapse. Identified documents were screened for instructions on missed doses which were categorised according to level of specificity, and cross-referenced to the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) grading of risk of harm from omitted and delayed medicines. Any supporting clinical or pharmacological evidence was identified from SmPCs.

Results
Two thousand two hundred eighty-four documents were identified from 7248 PILs and SmPCs relating to 1501 POMs. Seven hundred eighty-three (52%) POMs had SmPCs or PILs with no instructions on missed doses; 487 POMs (32%) included non-specific advice (e.g. “take as soon as possible”); 138 (9%) provided specific instructions; and 93 (6%) referred patients to seek medical advice. SmPCs for only 13/138 (9%) of those which included specific instructions provided any supporting clinical or pharmacological evidence. Instructions were absent for several medicines where the NPSA assessed that dose omissions may result in significant risk of harm.

Conclusions
Advice on missed doses is generally inadequate. Pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities should produce clear and concise instructions on what patients should do if they miss doses, with supporting evidence where necessary.
(p, q)-Equations with Singular and Concave Convex Nonlinearities
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Winkert Patrick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear Dirichlet problem driven by the (p, q)-Laplacian with $$1<q<p$$

1
<
q
<
p

. The reaction is parametric and exhibits the competing effects of a singular term and of concave and convex nonlinearities. We are looking for positive solutions and prove a bifurcation-type theorem describing in a precise way the set of positive solutions as the parameter varies. Moreover, we show the existence of a minimal positive solution and we study it as a function of the parameter.
OSA in patients with head and neck cancer is associated with cancer size and oncologic outcome
Authors: Huppertz Tilman , Horstmann Vera , Scharnow Charlotte , Ruckes Christian , Bahr Katharina , Matthias Christoph , Gouveris Haralampos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with severe daytime sleepiness and reduced quality of life. These symptoms are also present in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) before, during and after treatment, so that comorbidity cannot be excluded. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of OSA and its impact on the quality of life in patients with oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and lateral tongue SCCHN in a prospective study.

Methods
We performed cardiorespiratory home sleep apnea testing and recorded sleep-related patient-reported outcomes in 33 patients with confirmed oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal and lateral tongue SCCHN. We correlated the sleep-related variables to oncologic variables and endpoints.

Results
Five female and 28 male patients with SCCHN (aged 46–77 years) were recruited. Thirty patients (90%) had OSA as defined by an Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) > 5 /h before treatment. Evaluation after treatment, which was possible in 17 patients, showed OSA in 16 patients (94%). Radiologic primary tumor size showed significant positive correlation with AHI and apnea-index. Tumor recurrence and tumor-related mortality showed significant positive association with AHI. PSQI of these patients showed at least a moderate sleep disturbance. EORTC QLQ c30 questionnaire showed reduced values for all tested qualities, in particular for fatigue, insomnia, pain and financial distress.

Conclusion
Obstructive sleep apnea is a significant comorbidity in patients with SCCHN. Pre-interventional AHI may be correlated with the oncologic outcome. Further research is needed to further describe the course of OSA and its treatment before, during and after therapy.
Body mapping of regional sweat distribution in young and older males
Authors: Coull Nicole A. , West Anna M. , Hodder Simon G. , Wheeler Patrick , Havenith George 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Given the pressing impact of global warming and its detrimental effect on the health of older populations, understanding age-related changes in thermoregulatory function is essential. Age differences in regional sweat distribution have been observed previously, but given the typically small measurement areas assessed, the development of whole body sweat maps for older individuals is required. Therefore, this study investigated age-related differences in regional sweat distribution in a hot environment (32 °C/50%RH) in young and older adults, using a body mapping approach.

Methods
Technical absorbent pads were applied to the skin of 14 young (age 24 ± 2 years) and 14 older (68 ± 5 years) males to measure regional sweat rate (RSR) at rest (30 min) and during exercise (30 min), at a fixed heat production (200 W m−2). Gastrointestinal (Tgi) and skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort were also measured.

Results
Whole body sweat maps showed that despite equal heat production, healthy older males had significantly lower gross sweat loss (GSL) than the young and significantly lower RSR at almost all body regions at rest and at the hands, legs, ankles, and feet during exercise. The lower sweat loss in the older group coincided with a greater increase in Tgi and a consistently higher Tsk at the legs, despite subjectively feeling slightly cooler than younger individuals.

Conclusion
These findings support the evidence of age-related deterioration in both autonomic and subjective responses in the heat and highlight the lower extremities as the most affected body region.
Post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW): physiology, triggering factors and role in reflux clearance in healthy subjects
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Yaman Busra , Roman Sabine , Savarino Edoardo , Gyawali C. Prakash , Gardner Jerry D. , Sifrim Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
The underlying physiology of post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) is unclear. We aimed to: 1) calculate the probability of a random association between reflux and PSPW; 2) characterize factors that could underlie triggering of PSPW and 3) assess the chemical clearance effect of PSPW in healthy asymptomatic subjects.

Methods
A total of 251 impedance–pH tracings from healthy asymptomatic subjects were analysed. Twenty consecutive tracings from this pool with 20–40 reflux episodes/24 h and a PSPW index higher than 50% were separately analyzed to evaluate the probability of a random association between reflux and PSPW. The characteristics of reflux episodes followed by a PSPW were compared with those not associated with PSPW.

Results
A mean time interval of 29.3 s between a reflux episode and the first swallow captured 71% of total reflux episodes, and 67% of accompanying swallows were non-random. Compared to reflux without PSPW, reflux episodes with PSPW were more frequently acidic (P = 0.048), mixed with gas (P < 0.0001), of high proximal extent (P < 0.0001), while awake (P < 0.0001), and with shorter chemical clearance time (P = 0.040). High proximal extent, gas presence and occurring while awake were independent factors associated with PSPW (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Using a time window between reflux and PSPW of around 30 s, the probability of a chance association is around 30%. Reflux episodes with high proximal extent, containing gas and occurring while awake are important factors associated with PSPW in healthy subjects. Reflux episodes with PSPW have a shorter chemical clearance time.
Dental service utilization in the very old: an insurance database analysis from northeast Germany
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Krasowski Aleksander , Gomez Rossi Jesus , Paris Sebastian , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Meyer-Lückel Hendrik , Krois Joachim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We assessed dental service utilization in very old Germans.

Methods
A comprehensive sample of 404,610 very old (≥ 75 years), insured at a large statutory insurer (Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Nordost, active in the federal states Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), was followed over 6 years (2012–2017). Our outcome was the utilization of dental services, in total (any utilization) and in five subgroups: (1) examinations and associated assessment or advice, (2) restorations, (3) surgery, (4) prevention, (5) outreach care. Association of utilization with (1) sex, (2) age, (3) region, (4) social hardship status, (5) ICD-10 diagnoses, and (6) German modified diagnosis-related groups (GM-DRGs) was explored.

Results
The mean (SD) age of the sample was 81.9 (5.4) years. The utilization of any dental service was 73%; utilization was highest for examinations (68%), followed by prevention (44%), surgery (33%), restorations (32%), and outreach care (13%). Utilization decreased with age for nearly all services except outreach care. Service utilization was significantly higher in Berlin and most cities compared with rural municipalities, and in individuals with common, less severe, and short-term conditions compared with life-threatening and long-term conditions. In multi-variable analysis, social hardship status (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.12-1.16), federal state (Brandenburg 0.85; 0.84–0.87; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 0.80; 0.78–0.82), and age significantly affected utilization (0.95; 0.95–0.95/year), together with a range of co-morbidities according to ICD-10 and DRG.

Conclusions
Social, demographic, regional, and general health aspects were associated with the utilization of dental services in very old Germans. Policies to maintain access to services up to high age are needed.

Clinical significance
The utilization of dental services in the very old in northeast Germany showed significant disparities within populations. Policies to allow service utilization for sick, economically disadvantaged, rural and very old populations are required. These may include incentives for outreach servicing, treatment-fee increases for specific populations, or referral schemes between general medical practitioners and dentists.
Singing in the suburbs: point count surveys efficiently reveal habitat associations for nocturnal Orthoptera across an urban-to-rural gradient
Authors: McNeil Darin J. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs evidence for global insect population declines continues to amass, several studies have indicated that Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids) are among the most threatened insect groups. Understanding Orthoptera populations across large spatial extents requires efficient survey protocols, however, many previously established methods are expensive and/or labor-intensive. One survey method widely employed in wildlife biology, the aural point count, may work well for crickets and katydids (suborder: Ensifera) because males produce conspicuous, species-specific mating calls. We conducted repeated point count surveys across an urban-to-rural gradient in central Pennsylvania. Occupancy analyses of ten focal species indicated that, although detection probability rates varied by species from 0.43 to 0.98, detection rates compounded over five visits such that all focal species achieved cumulative > 0.90. Factors associated with site occupancy varied among species with some positively associated with urbanization (e.g., Greater Anglewing,Microcentrum rhombifolium), some negatively associated with urbanization (e.g., Sword-bearing Conehead,Neoconocephalus ensiger), and others exhibiting constant occupancy across a habitat gradient (e.g., Common True Katydid,Pterophylla camellifolia). Our community-level analysis revealed that different species’ habitat associations interacted such that intermediate levels of urbanization (i.e., suburbs) hosted the highest number of species.Implications for insect conservationUltimately, our analyses clearly support the concept that aural point counts paired with static occupancy modeling can serve as an important tool for monitoring night-singing Orthoptera populations. Applications of point count surveys by both researchers and citizen scientists may improve our understanding Ensifera populations and help in the global conservation of these threatened insects.
Laser-based additively manufactured polymers: a review on processes and mechanical models
Authors: Brighenti Roberto , Cosma Mattia Pancrazio , Marsavina Liviu , Spagnoli Andrea , Terzano Michele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a broad definition of various techniques to produce layer-by-layer objects made of different materials. In this paper, a comprehensive review of laser-based technologies for polymers, including powder bed fusion processes [e.g. selective laser sintering (SLS)] and vat photopolymerisation [e.g. stereolithography (SLA)], is presented, where both the techniques employ a laser source to either melt or cure a raw polymeric material. The aim of the review is twofold: (1) to present the principal theoretical models adopted in the literature to simulate the complex physical phenomena involved in the transformation of the raw material into AM objects and (2) to discuss the influence of process parameters on the physical final properties of the printed objects and in turn on their mechanical performance. The models being presented simulate: the thermal problem along with the thermally activated bonding through sintering of the polymeric powder in SLS; the binding induced by the curing mechanisms of light-induced polymerisation of the liquid material in SLA. Key physical variables in AM objects, such as porosity and degree of cure in SLS and SLA respectively, are discussed in relation to the manufacturing process parameters, as well as to the mechanical resistance and deformability of the objects themselves.

Graphic abstract