bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogeophysical impacts of land use/land cover change on 20th century anthropogenic climate compared to the impacts of greenhouse gas change
Authors: Yan Mi , Liu Jian , Wang Zhiyuan , Ning Liang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe accumulated biogeophysical impact of historical land use/land cover change (LUCC) on the 20th century anthropogenic climate is compared to that of greenhouse gas concentration (GHGC) change by examining four experiments with the Community Earth System Model, including a control run, an LUCC run, a GHGC run and a combined anthropogenic run. Globally, the biogeophysical effect of historical LUCC can offset the warming induced by increased GHG. The overall impacts of LUCC and GHGC tend to be linear in their combination. The linearity of the LUCC and GHGC impacts is stronger on the projected temperature than on the projected precipitation. However, the nonlinearity also shows up in some regions where internal variability is strong. It is also found that the precipitation change scaled to the global mean temperature change induced by LUCC is larger than that induced by GHGC due to more effective changes in water vapour content and atmospheric stability. Regionally, LUCC and GHGC have comparable effects on warming over the mid‐latitudes of Asia and the mid‐low latitudes of the Americas, whereas the LUCC has a pronounced contribution to cooling over high‐latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). LUCC and GHGC have the largest impacts on surface temperature over the mid‐high latitudes, particularly over the NH, through local and remote processes; in contrast, their impacts on precipitation are primarily over tropical regions through teleconnection processes. Our results propose that more attention should be paid to the interactions between external forcings and internal variabilities, especially over the regions where nonlinearity is strong, such as Europe, North Africa, southern Australia and northwest North America.
From Implicit Theories to Creative Achievements: The Mediating Role of Creativity Motivation in the Relationship between Stereotypes, Growth Mindset, and Creative Achievement
Authors: Li Pin , Zhang Zhitian Skylor , Zhang Yanna , Zhang Jia , Nunez Miguelina , Shi Jiannong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that implicit theories of creativity are crucial in shaping an individual’s behavior and real‐life decisions toward being creative. The present study proposed and examined the underlying mechanisms of how two kinds of implicit theories—the growth mindset of the creative self and the stereotype of creative others—are associated with creative achievements through the mediating role of creativity motivation. Participants were 606 undergraduate students who were enrolled in an education major in two universities in China. Overall, the study found that Chinese students held a positive image toward a creative student, regarding him or her as highly competent, warm, and popular. Student perceptions of a creative other were positively related to their growth mindset of creativity. Moreover, results verified both the mediating role of creativity motivation on growth mindset, as well as the effect of positive stereotyping of the creative other on students’ creative achievement. These findings point to promising creativity motivation strategies including the cultivation of a malleable view of creativity and of creative role models, that may, in turn, promote creative achievement by encouraging students to do, learn, and accomplish new things.
Sustained release of collagen‐affinity SDF‐1α from book‐shaped acellular fibrocartilage scaffold enhanced bone‐tendon healing in a rabbit model
Authors: Li Muzhi , Chen Yang , Hu Jianzhong , Shi Qiang , Li Xing , Zhao Chunfeng , Chen Can , Lu Hongbin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRapid and functional bone‐tendon (B‐T) healing remains a difficulty in clinical practice. Tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to address this problem. However, the majority of tissue engineering scaffolds are loaded with stem cells to enhance the regenerability in B‐T healing, which is complicated and inconvenient for clinical application. Accordingly, developing a cell‐free scaffold with chemotactic function and chondrogenic inducibility may be an effective approach. In this study, a collagen affinity peptide derived from the A3 domain of von Willebrand factor (a hemostasis factor) was fused into the C‐terminal of a stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) to synthesize a recombinant SDF‐1α capable of binding collagen and chemotactic activity. The recombinant SDF‐1α was then tethered on the collagen fibers of a book‐shaped acellular fibrocartilage scaffold (BAFS), thus fabricating a novel scaffold (C‐SDF‐1α/BAFS) with chemotactic function and chondrogenic inducibility. In vitro tests determined that this scaffold was noncytotoxic and biomimetic, could attract stem cells migrating to the scaffold using sustainably released C‐SDF‐1α, and inducedthe interacting stem cells down the chondrogenic lineage. In vivo, the C‐SDF‐1α/BAFS significantly enhanced the B‐T healing in a rabbit partial patellectomy model, as shown by the larger cartilaginous metaplasia region, better fibrocartilage regeneration, additional bone formation, and improved biomechanical properties. Therefore, the findings of the study demonstrate that the C‐SDF‐1α/BAFS could potentially be applied for B‐T healing.
The Social Perception of Microtia and Auricular Reconstruction
Authors: Nuyen Brian A. , Kandathil Cherian K. , Saltychev Mikhail , Firmin Françoise , Most Sam P. , Truong Mai Thy 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the social perception of microtia and quantify the effect of reconstruction on socially perceived attributes.MethodsParental consent was obtained for peri‐reconstruction photographs in a patient with unilateral grade 3 microtia without an underlying craniofacial syndrome. With computer simulation, the normal, preoperative microtia, and postoperative reconstruction ear were isolated and blended into the oblique and lateral views of that volunteer's face to isolate ear morphology as a variable against a constant facial baseline. These photographs were embedded into Web‐based surveys with visual analogue scales to capture social perception data and then were sourced to general population adults.ResultsSurvey respondents totaled 631. On average, the face with the microtia ear was perceived to be less friendly (P = .015), less healthy (P = .022), and less successful (P = .005) than the same face with the “normal” ear. There were no statistically significant differences in socially perceived attributes between the face with the normal ear and the face with the reconstructed ear.ConclusionThis is the first study to examine the social perception consequences of microtia and microtia reconstruction in children. These findings may explain the significant psychosocial distress experienced by these patients by exploring the social perception of specific attributes perceived. Lastly, this study may better inform microtia patients and their physicians on the impact of auricular reconstruction on third party's perception of social attributes.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:195–200, 2021
Thermomechanical Ablation‐Assisted Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. A Retrospective Chart Review of 30 Patients
Authors: Hilerowicz Yuval , Friedman Or , Zur Eyal , Ziv Roni , Koren Amir , Salameh Fares , Mehrabi Joseph N. , Artzi Ofir 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesAcne vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory disease, affects more than 90% of teenagers. The first‐line treatments for acne vulgaris are topical and oral medications, mainly antibiotics and retinoids. However, antibiotic resistance of Propionibacterium acnes, contraindications, partial response, significant adverse effects, or recurrence creates demand for novel treatment options in acne. Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well‐established modality in the treatment of acne. Nevertheless, PDT has limitations: it may not be effective for every patient; several treatments are usually required to achieve sufficient outcome; incubation time is 1–3 hours; treatment pain and post‐treatment downtime may be difficult for some patients to endure; and adverse effects may occur. This retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PDT, assisted by a thermomechanical ablation (TMA) fractional injury device in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe acne.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 30 acne patients treated with TMA immediately before 5% ALA application with an incubation time of 1 hour and exposure to 60 J/cm2 red light (630 nm). Patients received up to three monthly treatments and were followed for 16 weeks. Two independent investigators evaluated the subject outcomes according to high definition photographs taken at baseline, before each treatment and at follow‐up visits. Three acne grading methods were used: Acne Grading Scoring System (AGSS), the Leeds revised acne grading system, and the general response to the treatment score. Patients also provided self‐assessments of improvement using the patient global impression of change (PGIC).ResultsCompared with baseline, the AGSS has showed a statistically significant reduction of 26.7% and 23.7%, respectively, at weeks 8 and 16 after final treatment. The Leeds score showed 65.2% and 60.6% improvement at the respective visits. The overall response rate was graded 3.3 ± 0.5 out of 4. PGIC score given by the patients was 5.5 out of 7, reflecting high satisfaction.ConclusionTMA used immediately prior to ALA application may enhance the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of acne with minimal side effects, reduced downtime, and fewer sessions. The exact mechanism of TMA‐assisted PDT is still to be understood. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The humanized mouse: Emerging translational potential
Authors: Morton J. Jason , Alzofon Nathaniel , Jimeno Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe humanized mouse (HM) has emerged as a valuable animal model in cancer research. Engrafted with components of a human immune system and subsequently implanted with tumor tissue from cell lines or in the form of patient‐derived xenografts, the HM provides a unique platform in which the tumor microenvironment (TME) can be evaluated in vivo. This model may also be beneficial in the assessment of potential cancer treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, to maximize its utility, researchers need to understand the critical factors necessary to ensure that the tumor immune interactions in the HM are representative of those within cancer patients. In most current HM models, the human T cells residing in the HM are educated in a murine thymus, allogeneic to implanted tumor tissue, and/or alloreactive to mouse tissues, making their interaction and reactivity with tumor cells suspect. There are several strategies underway to harmonize the immune‐tumor environment in the HM. Once the essential components of the HM‐tumor TME interface have been identified and understood, the HM model will permit not only the discovery of effective immunotherapy treatments, but it can be used to predict patient responses to great clinical benefit.
Origin of orientation‐dependent R1 (=1/T1) relaxation in white matter
Authors: Schyboll Felix , Jaekel Uwe , Petruccione Francesco , Neeb Heiko 
Published: April 2020

PurposeIn a recent MRI study, it was shown that the longitudinal relaxation rate, R1, in white matter (WM) is influenced by the relative orientation of nerve fibers with respect to the main magnetic field (B0). Even though the exact nature of this R1 orientation dependency is still unclear, it can be assumed that the origin of the phenomenon can be attributed to the anisotropic and unique molecular environment within the myelin sheath surrounding the axons. The current work investigates the contribution of dipolar induced R1 relaxation of the myelin associated hydrogen nuclei theoretically and compares the results with the experimentally observed R1 orientation dependency.MethodsAtomistic molecular dynamics simulations were employed and the R1 relaxation rate of hydrogen nuclei of a myelin‐alike molecular environment was calculated for various orientations of the trajectory sets relative to the B0‐field. Based on the calculated relaxation rates, the observable R1 relaxation was simulated for various fiber orientations and fitted to the experimental data using a suitable signal weighting‐scheme.ResultsThe results obtained show that the R1 relaxation rate of both solid myelin (SM) and myelin water (MW) depends on the fiber orientation relative to the main B0‐field. Moreover, employing a realistic signal weighing scheme and tissue characteristics, the theoretically investigated R1 orientation dependency matches the experimental data well.ConclusionThe good agreement between theoretical and experimental findings indicates that the R1 orientation dependency in WM mainly originates from anisotropic dipole‐dipole interactions between hydrogen nuclei located within the myelin sheath.
Management of pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer: An overview for the pediatric oncologist
Authors: Prasad Pinki K. , Mahajan Priya , Hawkins Douglas S. , Mostoufi‐Moab Sogol , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDifferentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common childhood thyroid malignancy. The standard of care for pediatric DTC is total thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment when indicated. Molecular changes and potential therapeutic targets have been recently described in pediatric thyroid cancer. Pediatric oncologists are increasingly involved in the evaluation of thyroid nodules in childhood cancer survivors and in the management of advanced thyroid cancer. In 2015, the American Thyroid Association published management guidelines for children with DTC. We provide an overview of the current standard of care and highlight available targeted therapies for progressive or RAI refractory DTC.
Fetal acute cerebral vasoreactivity to maternal hyperoxia in low‐risk pregnancies: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sanapo Laura , Al‐Shargabi Tareq , Ahmadzia Homa K. , Schidlow David N. , Donofrio Mary T. , Hitchings Laura , Khoury Alfred , Larry Maxwell G. , Baker Robin , Bulas Dorothy I. , Gomez Luis M. , du Plessis Adre J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo establish whether fetal cerebral vasoreactivity (CVRO2), following maternal hyperoxia, is predicted by fetal cerebral and uteroplacental Doppler pulsatility indices (PI) at baseline, fetal pulmonary vasoreactivity to oxygen (PVRO2), gestational age (GA), or sex.MethodsPulsatility index of middle (MCA), anterior (ACA), posterior cerebral (PCA), umbilical (UA), uterine (UtA), and branch of the pulmonary arteries (PA) were obtained, by ultrasound, before (baseline), during (hyperoxia) and after 15 minutes of maternal administration of 8 L/min of 100% oxygen, through a non‐rebreathing face mask, in normal singleton pregnancies within 20 to 38 weeks' gestation. CVRO2 was defined as changes greater than zero in z score of PI of the cerebral arteries from baseline to hyperoxia. Logistic modeling was applied to identify CVRO2 predictors.ResultsA total of 97 pregnancies were eligible. In the overall population, median z scores of PI of MCA, ACA, and PCA did not differ between study phases. Based on the logistic model, baseline z scores for cerebral PI and GA were the best predictors of CVRO2.ConclusionsIn low‐risk pregnancies, fetal CVRO2 to hyperoxia does not occur uniformly but depends on cerebral PI and GA at baseline. These findings may provide useful reference points when oxygen is administered in high‐risk pregnancies.
Association of demographic, clinical, and hospital‐related factors with use of robotic hysterectomy for benign indications: A national database study
Authors: Smith Anna Jo B. , AlAshqar Abdelrahman , Chaves Kate F. , Borahay Mostafa A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the association of patient factors, gynecologic diagnoses, and hospital characteristics with utilization of the robotic approach for benign hysterectomy.MethodsWe performed cross‐sectional study of women (n = 725 050) undergoing hysterectomies in the 2012 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample.ResultsA total of 725 050 women underwent inpatient hysterectomy for benign indications: 70345 (10%) were performed robotically. Women were more likely to receive robotic hysterectomy at teaching hospitals (RR 1.60 [95% CI 1.54‐1.66]) after adjustment for other patient factors, gynecologic diagnoses, and hospital characteristics. They were more likely to undergo robotic hysterectomy at large (RR 1.34 [95% CI 1.29‐1.39]) and for‐profit hospitals (RR 1.16 [95% CI 1.11‐1.22]). Women were less likely to undergo robotic hysterectomy if they were rural (RR 0.68 [95% CI 0.64‐0.72]), African‐American (RR 0.78 [95% CI 0.74‐0.82]), or publicly insured or uninsured (RR 0.55 [95% CI 0.53‐0.57]) women.ConclusionSignificant geographic and hospital‐level disparities exist in access to robotic hysterectomy in the United States.
Preparation and Characterization of a Starch‐Based Adsorbent for the Effective Removal of Environmental Pollutants Hg (II)
Authors: Li Jing , Riley Andrew , Pu Lumei , Long Haitao , Li Zhihai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, a dialdehyde starch cysteine (DASC) Schiff base is synthesized by the reaction of dialdehyde starch (DAS) and l‐cysteine, and subsequently tested to remove Hg (II) from aqueous solution using the batch method. It is also characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurements, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The results reveal that the DASC is a kind of starch‐based Schiff base containing thiol group, which holds excellent adsorption capacity for Hg (II) due to the interaction between sulfur atoms and Hg (II). At 25 °C, the equilibrium can be achieved within 2 h and the maximal adsorption capacity of DASC with the substitution degree of 1.14 can be reached at 884.6 mg g−1 at initial pH 5. A relatively high temperature is favorable for the adsorption process of Hg (II). The kinetic and isotherm data are well fitted with the linear forms of pseudo‐second order equation and Freundlich model. Additionally, the DASC shows good regenerative adsorption efficiency of 87.07% after four recycles. Owing to the advantages of economical, eco‐friendly, high adsorption capacity, and recyclability, DASC may provide valuable information for the treatment of Hg (II) contaminated water.
Exchange rate pass-through to import prices in Europe: a panel cointegration approach
Authors: Arsova Antonia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper takes a panel cointegration approach to the estimation of short- and long-run exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import prices in the European countries. Although economic theory suggests a long-run relationship between import prices and exchange rate, in recent empirical studies its existence has either been overlooked or it has proven difficult to establish. Resorting to novel tests for panel cointegration, we find support for the equilibrium relationship hypothesis. Exchange rate pass-through elasticities, estimated by two different techniques for cointegrated panel regressions, give insight into the most recent development of the ERPT.
Reducing postprandial glucose in dietary
intervention studies and the magnitude of the effect on diabetes-related risk factors: a
systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ruijgrok Carolien , Blaak Ellen E. , Egli Léonie , Dussort Pierre , Vinoy Sophie , Rauh Simone P. , Beulens Joline W. , Robertson M. Denise , Alssema Marjan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Reducing postprandial hyperglycemia has beneficial effects on
diabetes-related risk factors, but the magnitude of the reduction needed to achieve such
an effect is unknown. The purpose of the study was to quantify the relationship of acute
glucose and insulin postprandial responses with longer-term effects on diabetes-related
risk factors by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary intervention
studies.

Methods
We systematically searched EMBASE and MEDLINE. Dietary intervention studies
among any human population aiming to reduce postprandial glycemia, with actual measures of
postprandial glucose (PPG) and/or insulin (PPI) as acute exposures (incremental area under
the curve, iAUC) as well as markers of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, HbA1c) and
insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR) after at least 4 weeks of diet intervention
as outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed for the effects on acute exposures
and on diabetes-related risk factors. The relationship between changes in acute exposures
and changes in risk factor outcomes was estimated by meta-regression analyses.

Results
Out of the 13,004 screened papers, 13 papers with 14 comparisons were
included in the quantitative analysis. The dietary interventions acutely reduced mean PPG
[mean difference (MD), − 0.27 mmol/l; 95% CI − 0.41 to − 0.14], but not mean PPI (MD
− 7.47 pmol/l; 95% CI − 16.79 to 1.86). There were no significant overall effects on
fasting glucose and insulin. HbA1c was reduced by − 0.20% (95% CI − 0.35 to − 0.05).
Changes in acute PPG were significantly associated with changes in fasting plasma glucose
(FPG) [per 10% change in PPG: β = 0.085 (95% CI 0.003,
0.167), k = 14], but not with fasting insulin
[β = 1.20 (95% CI − 0.32, 2.71), k = 12]. Changes in acute PPI were not associated with changes
in FPG [per 10% change in PPI: β = − 0.017 (95% CI
− 0.056, 0.022), k = 11].

Conclusions
Only a limited number of postprandial glucose-lowering dietary intervention
studies measured acute postprandial exposures to PPG/PPI during the interventions. In this
small heterogeneous set of studies, an association was found between the magnitude of the
acute postprandial responses and the change in fasting glucose, but no other outcomes.
More studies are needed to quantify the relationship between acute postprandial changes
and long-term effects on risk factors.
Optic neuritis in German children: clinical findings and association with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tonagel Felix , Wilhelm Helmut , Kelbsch Carina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Analysis of a cohort of pediatric optic neuritis patients concerning the epidemiology, disease progression, and association with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
Retrospective, observational cohort study. From 2004 to 2018, all electronic medical files of patients younger than 18 years referred to a tertiary care clinic in Germany with the diagnosis optic neuritis have been analyzed.

Results
Sixty-nine patients were referred in the study period, 16 did not suffer under optic neuritis and were excluded. The median visual acuity of the remaining 53 patients was 0.07 at the baseline examination and 1.0 at the latest follow-up examination (decimal notation, median 2.1 years after baseline). Forty-two percent of the patients developed MS during the study period. Female sex (p = 0.028) as well as higher age (p = 0.0082) proved to be statistically significant risk factors for MS development.

Conclusion
The prognosis for restoring vision in pediatric optic neuritis was favorable. During the observation period, the risk of developing MS was overall 42% and 8% for patients younger than 11 years. The percentage of MS as underlying cause of optic neuritis does not differ remarkably between children older 10 years and adults.