bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speculative pressure
Authors: Fan John Hua , Fernandez‐Perez Adrian , Fuertes Ana‐Maria , Miffre Joëlle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe paper investigates the information content of speculative pressure across futures classes. Long‐short portfolios of futures contracts sorted by speculative pressure capture a significant premium in commodity, currency, and equity markets but not in fixed income markets. Exposure to commodity, currency, and equity index futures’ speculative pressure is priced in the broad cross‐section after controlling for momentum, carry, global liquidity, and volatility risks. The findings are confirmed by robustness tests using alternative speculative pressure signals, portfolio construction techniques, and subperiods interalia. We argue that there is an efficient hedgers‐speculators risk transfer in commodity, currency, and equity index futures markets.
APPLE‐Tree (Active Prevention in People at risk of dementia: Lifestyle, bEhaviour change and Technology to REducE cognitive and functional decline) programme: Protocol
Authors: Cooper Claudia , Aguirre Elisa , Barber Julie A. , Bass Nick , Brodaty Henry , Burton Alexandra , Higgs Paul , Hunter Rachael , Huntley Jonathan , Lang Iain , Kales Helen C. , Marchant Natalie L. , Minihane Anne Marie , Ritchie Karen , Morgan‐Trimmer Sarah , Walker Zuzana , Walters Kate , Wenborn Jennifer , Rapaport Penny 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundObservational studies indicate that approximately a third of dementia cases are attributable to modifiable cardiometabolic, physical and mental health, and social and lifestyle risk factors. There is evidence that intensive behaviour change interventions targeting these factors can reduce cognitive decline.Our planned intervention [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]imageMethods and analysisWe will design and test a low intensity, secondary dementia‐prevention programme (Active Prevention in People at risk of dementia: Lifestyle, bEhaviour change and Technology to REducE cognitive and functional decline, “APPLE‐Tree”) to slow cognitive decline in people with subjective cognitive decline with or without objective cognitive impairment. We will embed our work within social science research to understand how dementia prevention is currently delivered and structured. We will carry out systematic reviews and around 50 qualitative interviews with stakeholders, using findings to coproduce the APPLE‐Tree intervention. We plan a 10‐session group intervention, involving personalised goal‐setting, with individual sessions for those unable or unwilling to attend groups, delivered by psychology assistants who will be trained and supervised by clinical psychologists. The coproduction group (including public and patient involvement [PPI], academic and clinical/third‐sector professional representatives) will use the Behaviour Change Wheel theoretical framework to develop it.We will recruit and randomly allocate 704 participants, 1:1 to the intervention: informational control group. This sample size is sufficient to detect a between‐group difference at 2 years of 0.15 on the primary outcome (cognition: modified neuropsychological test battery; 90% power, 5% significance, effect size 0.25, SD 0.6).DisseminationWe will work with Public Health England and third‐sector partners to produce an effective national implementation approach, so that if our intervention works, it is used in practice.
Antihypertensive treatment and depressive symptoms in Chinese middle‐aged and older hypertensive adults: A population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Jin Yinzi , He Ping 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesHypertension is a risk factor for depressive disorders. Although the benefits of lowering blood pressure on the subsequent depressive disorders are supported by biological interpretation, the effect of antihypertensive therapies on depressive disorders is not clear. This study aimed to assess whether blood‐pressure‐lowering treatment have a protective effect on subsequent depressive symptoms in China.MethodsWe used data from the nationally representative survey, including 2428 hypertensive participants free from depressive symptoms at baseline in 2011 to 2012. We assessed the depressive symptoms based on the 10‐item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. We conducted Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the effect of antihypertensive treatment on the incidence of depressive symptoms in 2011 to 2015.ResultsIn the total sample, all the models resulted in nonsignificant results and an estimated 8% reduction in risk (95% CI, 0·76‐1·12) in the model adjusted for all covariates for the antihypertensive treatment takers with blood pressure controlled. In the group of urban residents, the antihypertensive treatment takers with blood pressure controlled had lower odds (HR: 0.68; 95% CI, 0·49‐0·96) of depressive disorders.ConclusionThe protective effect of the antihypertensive therapies might be relative to not only lowering blood pressure per se but also the management of hypertension. We proposed the early intervention to achieve the long‐term protective effect of being antihypertensive and the supply of effective and collaborative care of hypertension and depression.
Best practice models recommended by Bhutanese refugee women for cervical and breast cancer screening in Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Parajuli Jamuna , Horey Dell , Avgoulas Maria‐Irini 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this paper was to explore what a refugee women's health screening program would look like if the views of Bhutanese refugee women were incorporated into service design and the approaches to targeting access to cervical and breast cancer screening.MethodsQualitative study, used in‐depth interviews with 30 Bhutanese refugee women resettled in Melbourne, Australia.ResultsTwo practice models were identified by refugee women: a doctor‐initiated model involving opportunistic screening during consultations for other purposes; and a group screening model. Participants emphasised the need for a supportive environment with culturally appropriate services, community education and peer networks to encourage and facilitate their participation in cervical and breast cancer screening services. General practitioners can provide guidance, opportunistic screening that includes education, and advice about follow‐up. The need for the routine use of professional interpreter services was reinforced.ConclusionAvailable cervical and breast cancers screening services are not attuned to refugee women's views where this study focuses attention on the roles and practices of doctors in preventive health care for refugee women. Merging their perspectives with those of providers and policymaker's can fill the existing gaps and support to formulate the new interventions that will improve women's access to such preventative services.So What?Refugee women resettled in high income countries are less likely to attend preventive cancer screening programs than other women, so we need to understand how to motivate them to seek regular check‐ups. In this study Bhutanese refugee women resettled in Melbourne, Australia said that group screening or doctor‐led care would be appealing to them.
Amounts, forms, and management of nitrogen and phosphorus export from agricultural peatlands
Authors: Kennedy Casey D. , Buda Anthony R. , Bryant Ray B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeatlands provide a setting that is well suited for cranberry agriculture in the Northeastern United States. However, misconceptions exist about the amounts and forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) export from cranberry farms. In this study, we report inorganic and organic forms of N and P export from five peatlands cultivated for cranberry production in southeastern, Massachusetts, United States. We then compare N loading rates among cranberry farms in southeastern Massachusetts, row crop farms in the Midwestern United States, and uncultivated peatlands in the United States and United Kingdom. Based on a fluvial mass balance analysis, we find that nonriparian cranberry farms export 2.56 kg of P ha−1year−1of total P and 12.1 kg of N ha−1year−1of total N. Total N export from riparian or “flow through” farms is two times higher than nonriparian farms due to less retention of N fertilizer in the vadose zone of riparian farms. Gross total N export from riparian and nonriparian cranberry farms consists of 35% particulate organic N, 26% dissolved organic N, 31% ammonium (NH4+), and 8% nitrate (NO3−). The low proportions of NO3−export (13% of total dissolved N [TDN]) for cranberry farms differ from NO3−export for row crop farms (75% of TDN;p < .001) but not for uncultivated peatlands (17% of TDN;p= .61). Despite being highly modified by fertilizers and artificial drainage, low NO3−export (2.2 kg of N ha−1year−1) from cranberry farms is consistent with field measurements of rapid N turnover in uncultivated peatlands. This finding suggests that state‐funded wetland restoration efforts to restore denitrification in retired cranberry farms may be limited by NO3−rather than soil moisture or organic matter.
The relevance of preferential flow in catchment scale simulations: Calibrating a 3D dual‐permeability model using DREAM
Authors: Hopp Luisa , Glaser Barbara , Klaus Julian , Schramm Thilo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe occurrence of preferential flow in the subsurface has often been shown in field experiments. However, preferential flow is rarely included in models simulating the hydrological response at the catchment scale. If it is considered, preferential flow parameters are typically determined at the plot scale and then transferred to larger‐scale simulations. Here, we successfully used the optimization algorithm DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) to calibrate a 3D physics‐based dual‐permeability model directly at the catchment scale. In order to keep computational costs of the optimization routine at a reasonable level, we limited the number of parameters to be calibrated to the ones that had been shown before to be most influential for the simulation of discharge. We also calibrated parameters of the matrix domain and the macropore domain with a fixed parameter ratio between soil layers instead of calibrating every layer separately. These ratios reflected observed depth profiles of soil hydraulic properties at our study site. The dual‐permeability parameter sets identified during calibration were able to simulate observed discharge time series satisfactorily but did not outperform a calibrated single‐domain reference model scenario. Saturated hydraulic conductivities of the macropore domain were calibrated such that they became very similar to matrix saturated hydraulic conductivities, thereby effectively removing the effect of macropores. This suggests that the incorporation of vertical preferential flow as represented by the dual‐permeability approach was not relevant for reproducing the hydrometric response reasonably well in the studied catchment. We also tested the scale‐invariance of the calibrated dual‐permeability parameter sets by using the parameter sets performing best at catchment scale to simulate plot‐scale bromide depth profiles obtained from tracer irrigation experiments. This parameter transfer proved to be not successful, indicating that soil hydraulic parameters are scale‐variant, independent of the direction of parameter transfer.
Unique molecular networks: Formation and role of elastin cross‐links
Authors: Schmelzer Christian E. H. , Hedtke Tobias , Heinz Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElastic fibers are essential assemblies of vertebrates and confer elasticity and resilience to various organs including blood vessels, lungs, skin, and ligaments. Mature fibers, which comprise a dense and insoluble elastin core and a microfibrillar mantle, are extremely resistant toward intrinsic and extrinsic influences and maintain elastic function over the human lifespan in healthy conditions. The oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine to peptidyl allysine in elastin's precursor tropoelastin is a crucial posttranslational step in their formation. The modification is catalyzed by members of the family of lysyl oxidases and the starting point for subsequent manifold condensation reactions that eventually lead to the highly cross‐linked elastomer. This review summarizes the current understanding of the formation of cross‐links within and between the monomer molecules, the molecular sites, and cross‐link types involved and the pathological consequences of abnormalities in the cross‐linking process.
A Perspective on Object‐Oriented Research
Authors: Wegner Peter 
Published: December 2019

The European Conference on Object‐Oriented Programming (ECOOP '94) provides a snapshot of current object‐oriented research in Europe and elsewhere. Two invited papers and eight sessions with 25 contributed papers covered the following topics:First invited paper: intelligent agent technologySecond invited paper: hypermedia and computer‐supported cooperative workSession 1 (class design): papers on abstract classes, dynamic subclasses, method assertionsSession 2 (concurrency): adaptive synchronization, concurrent types, and atomic compositionSession 3 (patterns): pattern architectures, meta‐patterns, execution modelingSession 4 (declarative programming): logical objects, deductive databases, declarative specification, and object identity constraintsSession 5 (implementation): protection, location control, garbage collectionSession 6 (specification): rigorous analysis, design language, real‐time systemsSession 7 (dispatching): for multimethods, dynamic types, distributed systemsSession 8 (experience): environment modeling, digital video, product customizationThe invited papers examine application areas of object‐oriented technology, while the contributed papers include fundamental research on the core object‐oriented model, extensions of object‐oriented programming to concurrent, distributed, database, and real‐time systems, and experience reports for real applications. The substance and goals of each paper are described for the benefit of nonspecialist readers. Discussions of the group of papers in each session bring out broader goals of research. Research directions suggested by each paper are enumerated in a final section.
Severe Primary Hyperparathyroidism Caused by Parathyroid Carcinoma in a 13‐Year‐Old Child; Novel Findings From HRpQCT
Authors: Lenherr‐Taube Nina , Lam Carol KL , Vali Reza , Shammas Amer , Campisi Paolo , Zawawi Faisal , Somers Gino R , Stimec Jennifer , Mete Ozgur , Wong Andy KO , Sochett Etienne 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPrimary hyperparathyroidism is a condition that occurs infrequently in children. Parathyroid carcinoma, as the underlying cause of hyperparathyroidism in this age group, is extraordinarily rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a 13‐year‐old boy with musculoskeletal pain who was found to have brown tumors from primary hyperparathyroidism caused by parafibromin‐immunodeficient parathyroid carcinoma. Our patient had no clinical, biochemical, or radiographic evidence of pituitary adenomas, pancreatic tumors, thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, jaw tumors, renal abnormalities, or testicular lesions. Germline testing for AP2S1, CASR, CDC73/HRPT2, CDKN1B, GNA11, MEN1, PTH1R, RET, and the GCM2 gene showed no pathological variants, and a microarray of CDC73/HRPT2 did not reveal deletion or duplication. He was managed with i.v. fluids, calcitonin, pamidronate, and denosumab prior to surgery to stabilize hypercalcemia. After removal of a single parathyroid tumor, he developed severe hungry bone syndrome and required 3 weeks of continuous i.v. calcium infusion, in addition to oral calcium and activated vitamin D. Histopathological examination identified an angioinvasive parathyroid carcinoma with global loss of parafibromin (protein encoded by CDC73/HRPT2).HRpQCT and DXA studies were obtained prior to surgery and 18‐months postsurgery. HRpQCT showed a resolution of osteolytic lesions combined with structural improvement of cortical porosity and an increase in both cortical thickness and density compared with levels prior to treatment. These findings highlight the added value of HRpQCT in primary hyperparathyroidism. In addition to our case, we have provided a review of the published cases of parathyroid cancer in children. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Changes in left ventricular function and contractile homogeneity in young adults with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease
Authors: Zhou Mi , Tan Jing , Liu Jun , Yin Li‐Xue , Wang Si‐Jia , Xie Ling , Guo Zhi‐Yu , Zhang Wen‐Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate myocardial dysfunction and mechanical abnormalities in young patients with Graves' disease before therapy, using two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination, including segmental and global radial strain, and time‐to‐peak radial strain, in 47 young patients with hyperthyroidism and 34 healthy adults. The time‐to‐peak radial strain was corrected by RR interval. The variables derived from radial myocardial deformation by the six‐basal, six‐mid, and six‐apical segmental model were compared to investigate the difference of the myocardial function between the two groups.ResultsEarly diastolic mitral inflow velocity, E/A ratio, early diastolic mitral annular velocity, and e′/a′ ratio were lower in patients with Graves' disease than in controls. The left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, left ventricular end‐systolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, late diastolic mitral inflow velocity, and late diastolic mitral annular velocity were slightly higher in patients than in controls. Radial strain, global radial strain, and corrected time‐to‐peak radial strain were lower in the patient group.ConclusionsThe decreased radial strain, global radial strain, and corrected time‐to‐peak radial strain in young patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease could serve as an early sign of subclinical cardiac involvement.
Mucosal antibody quantity but not avidity predicts likelihood of Salmonella infection in red‐eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta)
Authors: Gray Whitney A. , Sunnucks Emily , Huber Tyler E. , Zimmerman Laura M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNatural antibodies (NAbs) are polyreactive, have low avidity, and are a product of B‐1 cells. Evidence suggests that NAbs may play a key role in immune defense in turtles, as increased total mucosal antibodies are associated with a decreased number of extracellular intestinal parasites. However, it is unknown if this trend extends to other types of pathogens and if avidity of the NAb to the pathogen is a factor in protection. We examined the relationship between a common intracellular bacteria in turtles—Salmonella—and NAbs. Plasma and mucosal samples were taken from red‐eared slider turtles. We measured levels and avidity of antibodies that bound to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Salmonella cell wall. We examined the relationship between these measures and the ability of plasma to kill Salmonella as well as infection status. Higher mucosal antibody levels were significantly associated with a decrease in likelihood of infection with Salmonella; however, plasma antibody levels were not. There was a trend for bactericidal ability of the plasma to be positively correlated with plasma antibody levels bound to LPS, but not mucosal antibody levels. Avidity was not significantly related to either killing capacity or likelihood of infection suggesting that only increased quantity and not better binding is responsible for the decreased likelihood of infection. These findings suggest that NAb regulation was sufficient to isolate the infection to the gastrointestinal tract of the turtles, allowing it to be cleared with the mucus layer. Our results add further evidence that turtles use a general, nonspecific NAb response to combat pathogens.
MRI of Acute Gynecologic Conditions
Authors: Somberg Gunther Molly , Kanmaniraja Deveraju , Kobi Mariya , Chernyak Victoria 
Published: December 2019

Although usually not a first‐line imaging modality in the setting of acute pelvic pain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to depict and characterize a wide range gynecologic diagnoses with high accuracy. Lack of ionizing radiation renders MRI particularly useful for assessment of pregnant women and children. Furthermore, inherent high soft‐tissue resolution of MRI allows accurate diagnosis without intravenous contrast use, which is advantageous for patients with renal insufficiency and pregnant patients. Familiarity with the typical MRI appearance of various acute gynecologic conditions helps establish the correct diagnosis. This article reviews the common MRI findings of acute gynecologic processes, in both pregnant and nonpregnant patients.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1291–1309.
Polarized Raman imaging of large area aligned semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mashal Amirfarshad , Wieboldt Dick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe current method of characterizing single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) alignment utilizes single‐point measurements of a few hundred square nanometers of polarized Raman spectroscopy to characterize an entire substrate of SWCNTs on the order of square centimeters. In this study, we demonstrate a new polarized Raman spectroscopy analyzation technique of orientation Raman imaging that images areas as large as 1 mm2. This provides a significantly more accurate representation of the spatial distribution in the alignment of any SWCNT film by increasing the measured area by 10 orders of magnitude over previous standard characterization techniques. Furthermore, this creates an “easy‐to‐see” visual representation of alignment based on optical anisotropy values. Improving the efficiency of characterizing alignment in SWCNT films via polarized Raman spectroscopy is an important step toward manufacturing scalable films of aligned SWCNTs.
Rapid methods for the separation of natural mixtures of beauverolides, cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors, isolated from the fungus Isaria fumosorosea
Authors: Šimčíková Daniela , Tůma Petr , Jegorov Alexandr , Šimek Petr , Heneberg Petr 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBeauverolides (beauveriolides) are abundant, biologically active cyclodepsipeptides produced by many entomopathogenic fungi, including those that are used as biopesticides. Beauverolides act as cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors in humans; thus, their mode of action has been the subject of pharmacological and clinical research. The cost‐effective analytical methods are needed for fast, routine laboratory analysis of beauverolides. We isolated beauverolides from the fungal strain Isaria fumosorosea PFR 97‐Apopka and opened the rings of the isolated beauverolides using a pyridine alkaline medium. We separated fractions of cyclic and linearized beauverolides by thin‐layer chromatography, and found the chloroform–acetate (9:1, v/v) and chloroform–acetonitrile–acetate (8:1:1, v/v/v) mobile phases, respectively, to be the most efficient. We examined all the fractions by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry using ion trap and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. For rapid screening of the contents of cyclic, and, particularly, linearized beauverolides, we developed a novel analytical method that consisted of using capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection. Furthermore, we improved the separation of the peptides by applying capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography with the N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐aminoethanesulfonic acid:SDS:NaOH buffer, pH 9.8 as the background electrolyte. The described novel methods allow fast and cost‐effective separation of chemically related groups of beauverolides.