bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Performance of EUHFORIA Modeling the Background Solar Wind
Authors: Hinterreiter Jürgen , Magdalenic Jasmina , Temmer Manuela , Verbeke Christine , Jebaraj Immanuel Christopher , Samara Evangelia , Asvestari Eleanna , Poedts Stefaan , Pomoell Jens , Kilpua Emilia , Rodriguez Luciano , Scolini Camilla , Isavnin Alexey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn order to address the growing need for more accurate space-weather predictions, a new model named (EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset) was recently developed. We present the first results of the performance assessment for the solar-wind modeling with and identify possible limitations of its present setup. Using the basic 1.0.4 model setup with the default input parameters, we modeled background solar wind (no coronal mass ejections) and compared the obtained results with Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) in-situ measurements. For the purposes of statistical study we developed a technique of combining daily runs into continuous time series. The combined time series were derived for the years 2008 (low solar activity) and 2012 (high solar activity), from which in-situ speed and density profiles were extracted. We find for the low-activity phase a better match between model results and observations compared to the high-activity time interval considered. The quality of the modeled solar-wind parameters is found to be rather variable. Therefore, to better understand the results obtained we also qualitatively inspected characteristics of coronal holes, i.e. the sources of the studied fast streams. We discuss how different characteristics of the coronal holes and input parameters to influence the modeled fast solar wind, and suggest possibilities for the improvement of the model.
A novel method for preparing α-LiFeO2 nanorods for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Hu Youzuo , Liu Xingquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne-dimensional (1D) α-LiFeO2nanorods are successfully prepared via a low-temperature solid-state reaction from α-FeOOH nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal process and used as cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries. As cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, the nanorods can achieve a high initial specific capacity of 165.85 mAh/g at 0.1 C for which a high capacity retention of 81.65% can still be obtained after 50 cycles. The excellent performance and cycling stability are attributed to the unique 1D nanostructure, which facilitates the rapid electron exchange and fast lithium-ion diffusion between electrolyte and cathode materials.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass as a Treatment for Barrett’s Esophagus after Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Felsenreich Daniel M. , Langer Felix B. , Bichler Christoph , Eilenberg Magdalena , Jedamzik Julia , Kristo Ivan , Vock Natalie , Gensthaler Lisa , Rabl Charlotte , Todoroff Alexander , Prager Gerhard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most frequently performed bariatric procedure today. While an increasing number of long-term studies report the occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) after SG, its treatment has not been studied, yet.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as treatment for BE and reflux after SG.

Setting
University hospital setting, Austria

Methods
This multi-center study includes all patients (n = 10) that were converted to RYGB due to BE after SG in Austria. The mean interval between SG and RYGB was 42.7 months. The follow-up after RYGB in this study was 33.4 months. Gastroscopy, 24 h pH-metry, and manometry were performed and patients were asked to complete the BAROS and GIQLI questionnaires.

Results
Weight and BMI at the time of SG was 120.8 kg and 45.1 kg/m2. Eight patients (80.0%) went into remission of BE after the conversion to RYGB. Two patients had RYGB combined with hiatoplasty. The mean acid exposure time in 24 h decreased from 36.8 to 3.8% and the mean DeMeester score from 110.0 to 16.3. Patients scored 5.1 on average in the BAROS after conversion from SG to RYGB which denotes a very good outcome.

Conclusions
RYGB is an effective therapy for patients with BE and reflux after SG. Its outcomes in the current study were BE remission in the majority of cases as well as a decrease in reflux activity. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to confirm these findings.
Lack of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase–Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Disturbs Callus Formation
Authors: Józsa Gergő , Fülöp Balázs Dániel , Kovács László , Czibere Bernadett , Szegeczki Vince , Kiss Tamás , Hajdú Tibor , Tamás Andrea , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Zákány Róza , Reglődi Dóra , Juhász Tamás 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a naturally secreted signaling peptide and has important regulatory roles in the differentiation of the central nervous system and its absence results in disorders in femur development. PACAP has an important function in prevention of oxidative stress or mechanical stress in chondrogenesis but little is known about its function in bone regeneration. A new callus formation model was set to investigate its role in bone remodeling. Fracturing was 5 mm distal from the proximal articular surface of the tibia and the depth was 0.5 mm. Reproducibility of callus formation was investigated with CT 3, 7, and 21 days after the operation. Absence of PACAP did not alter the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activation in PACAP KO healing process. In developing callus, the expression of collagen type I increased in wild-type (WT) and PACAP KO mice decreased to the end of healing process. Expression of the elements of BMP signaling was disturbed in the callus formation of PACAP KO mice, as bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and 6 showed an early reduction in bone regeneration. However, elevated Smad1 expression was demonstrated in PACAP KO mice. Our results indicate that PACAP KO mice show various signs of disturbed bone healing and suggest PACAP compensatory and fine tuning effects in proper bone regeneration.
Flood Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment for Different Land Use Classes Using a Flow Model
Authors: Baky Md Abdullah Al , Islam Muktarun , Paul Supria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study is concerned with flood risk that can be assessed by integrating GIS, hydraulic modelling and required field information. A critical point in flood risk assessment is that while flood hazard is the same for a given area in terms of intensity, the risk could be different depending on a set of conditions (flood vulnerability). Clearly, risk is a function of hazard and vulnerability. This study aims to introducing a new approach of assessing flood risk, which successfully addresses this above-mentioned critical issue. The flood risk was assessed from flood hazard and vulnerability indices. Two-dimensional flood flow simulation was performed with Delft3D model to compute floodplain inundation depths for hazard assessment. For the purpose of flood vulnerability assessment, elements at risk and flood damage functions were identified and assessed, respectively. Then, finally flood risk was assessed first by combining replacement values assessed for the elements and then using the depth–damage function. Applying this approach, the study finds that areas with different levels of flood risk do not always increase with the increase in return period of flood. However, inundated areas with different levels of flood depth always increase with the increase in return period of flood. The approach for flood risk assessment adopted in this study successfully addresses the critical point in flood risk study, where flood risk can be varied even after there is no change in flood hazard intensity.
Pain Catastrophizing, Fear of Pain, and Depression and Their Association with Female Sexual Pain
Authors: Burri Andrea , Hilpert Peter , Williams Frances 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionPainful sexual intercourse or dyspareunia is a common complaint among women, affecting 12–21% of premenopausal women. Recent studies have begun to focus on the role of fear avoidance and pain catastrophizing (PC) in genital pain and have consistently highlighted the importance of psych-affective factors in sexual pain.AimTo establish the importance of PC, fear of pain, and depression for the development and maintenance of female sexual pain.MethodsThis longitudinal study was conducted in the United Kingdom to assess sexual pain at 2 different time points, in 2009 and 2013, in a convenience sample of N = 979 British women.Main Outcome MeasureWell-validated questionnaires including the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale, and the Female Sexual Function Index (recent and lifelong version) were applied.ResultsMultilevel modeling showed a strong increase of short-lived sexual pain over the 4 years (π01 = –0.33; P &lt; .001). According to the moderation analyses, only depression influenced the change in short-lived pain over the 4 years (π11 = 0.46; P = .016). Similarly, only depression turned out to be independently associated with sexual pain when entered into the multiple regression model, as women reporting higher depression levels also reported more sexual pain (P &lt; 0.05).Clinical ImplicationsClinicians should be aware that the mechanisms influencing short-lived sexual pain and changes in sexual pain seem to be different from the more enduring psychological factors that lead to the development and maintenance of “chronic” sexual pain.Strengths & LimitationsA very generic and unidimensional definition of sexual pain was used without information on pain frequency or intensity, and no information on the possible underlying (medical or psychological or both) causes was available. However, as far as we know this represents the first study to use repeated measures to assess how pain changes over a 4-year period and to explore the role of potential psychoaffective risk factors.ConclusionAmong the variables studied, symptoms of depression seemed to be the only independent predictor of lifelong sexual pain, overriding potential influences of pain catastrophizing or fear of pain.
Updating the International Index of Erectile Function: Evaluation of a Large Clinical Data Set
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Tin Amy L. , Singh Karandeep , Dunn Rodney L. , Mulhall John 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) is the predominant patient-reported outcomes instrument for assessing male sexual function. There are obvious problems with the use of the IIEF in the assessment of an individual patient, such as for men who use injections and men who do not engage in intercourse.

Aim
The aim of the current study is to redesign the erectile function domain of the IIEF (IIEF6) to more accurately assess the individual patient.

Methods
In an observational study of men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer at a tertiary care institution, including 24,732 questionnaires completed by 6,780 individuals, IIEF6 scores were compared for patients using and not using erectile aids. Men not engaging in sexual intercourse were asked to describe the reason.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome we were seeking was the IIEF6 scores.

Results
Mean scores before erectile aids items were added was 17.7 compared with predicted scores of 18.3 vs 16.7 if patients reported their function with vs without the use of aids. No intercourse was reported for 35% of surveys. Reasons given were lack of ability or confidence in 53%, lack of willing and available partner in 28%, “other” in 17% (including respondent’s or partner’s health issues, low libido, preference for nonpenetrative sex or for sex with men). Doubling the sum of the 3 nonintercourse IIEF6 questions had excellent properties (difference of 0.06, limits of agreement -3.10 to 3.22).

Clinical Implications
Erectile function instruments must include items about erectile aids. Men who report that they have not attempted intercourse should not be assumed to have erectile dysfunction, but should be asked the reason why. For men who report lack of opportunity or preference for intercourse, the score of the 3 nonintercourse IIEF6 questions should be doubled.

Strengths & Limitations
This is a large study of patients in a real-world setting. Although the study only includes radical prostatectomy patients, and although the study cohort is not fully representative of the US prostate cancer population as a whole, these issues would not affect the key findings.

Conclusion
The IIEF6 can be redesigned to better assess the individual patient.
δ13C values of wood and Charcoal Reveal Broad Isotopic ranges at the base of the Food Web
Authors: Philippsen Bente , Olsen Jesper , Sørensen Søren A , Måge Bjørnar 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to investigate the range, the degree of variability, and a possible time or species dependence of wood and charcoal δ13C values within one small study area. To achieve this, we used δ13C and14C determinations of more than 400 archaeological samples from a ca. 300 ha area in Denmark, spanning 5000 years and covering several different species. The δ13C values of the wood and charcoal range from −32.8‰ to −21.2‰. We found no time-dependence of wood and charcoal δ13C values, neither in general nor within one species. The mean δ13C of all wood samples is −28.5‰, while the means of individual species range from −30.6‰ to −26.3‰. The mean of all charcoal samples is −25.7‰, with the means of individual species ranging from −28.1‰ to −24.3‰. The wood δ13C values can be used to infer the possible range of plant δ13C values, which otherwise are not available. They imply that a high degree of variability can be expected at the base of the food chain. This is relevant for palaeodietary studies that rely on the measurement of baseline isotope values.
The Generation of Plate Tectonics From Grains to Global Scales: A Brief Review
Authors: Mulyukova Elvira , Bercovici David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe physics of rock deformation in the lithosphere governs the formation of tectonic plates, which are characterized by strong, broad plate interiors, separated by weak, localized plate boundaries. The size of mineral grains in particular controls rock strength and grain reduction can lead to shear localization and weakening in the strong ductile portion of the lithosphere. Grain damage theory describes the competition between grain growth and grain size reduction as a result of deformation, and the effect of grain size evolution on the rheology of lithospheric rocks. The self‐weakening feedback predicted by grain damage theory can explain the formation of mylonites, typically found in deep ductile lithospheric shear zones, which are characteristic of localized tectonic plate boundaries. The amplification of damage is most effective when minerallic phases, like olivine and pyroxene, are well mixed on the grain scale. Grain mixing theory predicts two coexisting deformation states of unmixed materials undergoing slow strain rate, and well‐mixed materials with large strain rate; this is in agreement with recent laboratory experiments, and is analogous to Earth's plate‐like state. A new theory for the role of dislocations in grain size evolution resolves the rapid timescale of dynamic recrystallization. In particular, a toy model for the competition between normal grain growth and dynamic recrystallization predicts oscillations in grain size with periods comparable to earthquake cycles and postseismic recovery, thus connecting plate boundary formation processes to the human timescale.
Latitudinal Variation of α‐Chapman Scale Height During Quiet and Disturbed Geomagnetic Conditions
Authors: Adebiyi S. J. , Adeniyi J.O. , Ikubanni S. O. , Adebesin B. O. , Adekoya B. J. , Joshua B. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScale height is an important ionospheric parameter which determines the shape of the topside electron density profile. In this paper, the latitudinal variation of α‐Chapman scale height (Hm) is investigated using data obtained from four ground‐based ionosondes located in the African‐European longitudes. A Hm pattern reveals a marked dependence on seasons, latitudes, and magnetic activity. The daytime Hm peak magnitude decreases with increasing latitudes. Daytime Hm is higher relative to that of nighttime at low‐ and mid‐latitudes irrespective of the season. However, at high latitude, the opposite is observed in the solstice seasons and comparable magnitudes during equinoxes. Seasonally, Hm magnitude maximizes/minimizes in summer/winter at all latitudes considered – revealing hemispheric difference emanating from the opposite occurrence of winter and summer. Further, the difference in the magnitude of the summer‐winter Hm is most pronounced at high latitudes at all hours. However, at low latitude, magnitude of the difference between the nighttime summer‐winter values is insignificant. Hm also exhibits weak equinoctial asymmetry that reveals hemispheric difference. A strong positive linear relationship exists between Hm and a bottomside thickness parameter (B0) across all seasons and latitudes. However, Hm versus the total electron content, F2‐layer critical frequency (foF2), and peak height (hmF2) generally revealed a poor relationship and does not show any significant seasonal and latitudinal trends. The excellent Hm‐B0 relationship (r = 0.85–0.97) suggests a convenient method to develop an empirical model of Hm from a more easy‐to‐obtain B0 data regardless of the latitude.
Mid‐Infrared Optical Constants of Labradorite, a Triclinic Plagioclase Mineral
Authors: Ye Cheng , Rucks Melinda J. , Arnold Jessica A. , Glotch Timothy D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlagioclase feldspar is the most abundant rock‐forming mineral in the crust of the Earth, Moon, and Mars and is also an important component in some minor bodies in the Solar System. The distribution, abundance, and precise composition of plagioclase on planetary surfaces from remote sensing data are important measurements for evaluating changing conditions during magma evolution. Optical constants are critical input parameters in radiative transfer theory, which enables modeling of spectra for the extraction of mineral abundances and grain sizes from a remotely sensed spectrum. Mid‐infrared (MIR) optical constants of most triclinic rock‐forming minerals are not available due to the complexity associated with the derivation of optical constants of low‐symmetry minerals. In this work, we have calculated the MIR optical constants of a labradorite single crystal using dispersion theory and laboratory reflectance spectra at non‐normal incidence. The optical constants we derived here will assist in modeling spectra in the MIR region and quantifying mineral composition, particle size, and abundances from remote sensing data.
Importance of Cadmium Sulfides for Biogeochemical Cycling of Cd and Its Isotopes in Oxygen Deficient Zones—A Case Study of the Angola Basin
Authors: Guinoiseau D. , Galer S. J. G. , Abouchami W. , Frank M. , Achterberg E. P. , Haug G. H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding oceanic cadmium (Cd) cycling is paramount due to its micronutrient‐like behavior in seawater, which has been inferred from its similarity to phosphate (PO4) cycling. Cadmium concentrations follow a nutrient‐like consumption‐regeneration cycle in the top of the water column and are mainly controlled by water mass mixing and circulation in the deep ocean. However, an additional scavenging mechanism through cadmium sulfide (CdS) precipitates, occurring within sinking biogenic particles in oxygen deficient zones (ODZ), has been proposed. In this study, we report Cd stable isotope and concentration data for seven vertical seawater profiles sampled during GEOTRACES cruise GA08 in the northern Cape and Angola Basins, which feature a significant ODZ along their eastern margins. Outside the ODZ, Cd cycling is similar to that previously reported for the South Atlantic. While water mass mixing largely controls deep ocean Cd isotope signatures, Cd isotope fractionation in surface waters can be modeled as an open system at steady state buffered by organic ligand complexation. In the ODZ, stronger Cd depletion relative to PO4 is associated with a shift in δ114Cd toward heavier values, which is indicative of CdS precipitation. Our interpretation is supported by experimental CdS precipitation data and a size‐resolved particle model involving bacterial sulfate reduction as a precursor of CdS. Our estimates of the CdS flux to the seafloor (107 to 109 mol/yr) indicate that CdS precipitation is a significant process of Cd removal and constitutes a nonnegligible Cd sink that needs to be better quantified by Cd isotope analyses of marine sediments.
Sensitivity of Deep Ocean Mixing to Local Internal Tide Breaking and Mixing Efficiency
Authors: Cimoli Laura , Caulfield Colm‐cille P. , Johnson Helen L. , Marshall David P. , Mashayek Ali , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Vic Clément 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere have been recent advancements in the quantification of parameters describing the proportion of internal tide energy being dissipated locally and the “efficiency” of diapycnal mixing, that is, the ratio of the diapycnal mixing rate to the kinetic energy dissipation rate. We show that oceanic tidal mixing is nontrivially sensitive to the covariation of these parameters. Varying these parameters one at a time can lead to significant errors in the patterns of diapycnal mixing‐driven upwelling and downwelling and to the over and under estimation of mixing in such a way that the net rate of globally integrated deep circulation appears reasonable. However, the local rates of upwelling and downwelling in the deep ocean are significantly different when both parameters are allowed to covary and be spatially variable. These findings have important implications for the representation of oceanic heat, carbon, nutrients, and other tracer budgets in general circulation models.
Monopole Mode of Precipitation in East Asia Modulated by the South China Sea Over the Last Four Centuries
Authors: Shi Feng , Goosse Hugues , Klein François , Zhao Sen , Liu Ting , Guo Zhengtang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrecipitation in East Asia affects one quarter of the global population. However, the mechanisms governing precipitation changes at the century scale remain unclear. Reconstructions of warm season precipitation over the last 531 years show that the dominant mode of variability is a monopole covering most of China. However, this mode is mostly absent from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 results. In contrast, experiments using data assimilation reproduce this monopole mode well. Results show that sea surface temperature in the South China Sea is a major driver of the monopole mode of precipitation via a Gill‐type response. Warm sea surface temperatures induce a distinct baroclinic structure over the central part of eastern China comprising a low‐pressure cyclone in the lower troposphere and a high‐pressure anticyclone in the upper troposphere with rising airflow, resulting in water vapor convergence and increased precipitation in East Asia.