bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deperetomys (Rodentia, Muridae) from the Oligocene of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Marković Zoran , de Bruijn Hans , van de Weerd Andrew A. , Wessels Wilma 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo new late Oligocene species ofDeperetomys:D. calefactusandD. saltensis, are described and the affinities between the various species are discussed. The new records extend the stratigraphic range ofDeperetomysinto the Oligocene, making it the first European Miocene murid that can be traced across the “Cricetid vacuum”. A single M1 of a large early Oligocene murid that may represent the oldest record ofDeperetomysis described. The classification problems that arise as a result of the fast increase of information of the Paleogene Muridae from Asia and the Middle East are addressed and the need to recognise and define clades above the genus level is demonstrated. Our conclusion is that theDeperetomysclade contains at least three different evolutionary lineages.
Experimental study of the performances of commercial surfactants in reducing interfacial tension and wettability alteration in the process of chemical water injection into carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Najimi Siamak , Nowrouzi Iman , Khaksar Manshad Abbas , Mohammadi Amir H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSurfactants are used in the process of chemical water injection to reduce interfacial tension of water and oil and consequently decrease the capillary pressure in the reservoir. However, other mechanisms such as altering the wettability of the reservoir rock, creating foam and forming a stable emulsion are also other mechanisms of the surfactants flooding. In this study, the effects of three commercially available surfactants, namely AN-120, NX-1510 and TR-880, in different concentrations on interfacial tension of water and oil, the wettability of the reservoir rock and, ultimately, the increase in oil recovery based on pendant drop experiments, contact angle and carbonate core flooding have been investigated. The effects of concentration, temperature, pressure and salinity on the performances of these surfactants have also been shown. The results, in addition to confirming the capability of the surfactants to reduce interfacial tension and altering the wettability to hydrophilicity, show that the TR-880 has the better ability to reduce interfacial tension than AN-120 and NX-1510, and in the alteration of wettability the smallest contact angle was obtained by dissolving 1000 ppm of surfactant NX-1510. Also, the results of interfacial tension tests confirm the better performances of these surfactants in formation salinity and high salinity. Additionally, a total of 72% recovery was achieved with a secondary saline water flooding and flooding with a 1000 ppm of TR-880 surfactant.
On controllability for a nondensely defined fractional differential equation with a deviated argument
Authors: Raheem A. , Kumar M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article deals with a fractional differential equation with a deviated argument defined on a nondense set. A fixed-point theorem and the concept of measure of noncompactness are used to prove the existence of a mild solution.
Furthermore, by using the compactness of associated cosine family, we proved that system is approximately controllable and obtains an optimal control which minimizes the performance index. To illustrate the abstract result, we included an example.
Northern Hemisphere Stationary Waves in a Changing Climate
Authors: Wills Robert C. J. , White Rachel H. , Levine Xavier J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Stationary waves are planetary-scale longitudinal variations in the time-averaged atmospheric circulation. Here, we consider the projected response of Northern Hemisphere stationary waves to climate change in winter and summer. We discuss how the response varies across different metrics, identify robust responses, and review proposed mechanisms.

Recent Findings
Climate models project shifts in the prevailing wind patterns, with corresponding impacts on regional precipitation, temperature, and extreme events. Recent work has improved our understanding of the links between stationary waves and regional climate and identified robust stationary wave responses to climate change, which include an increased zonal lengthscale in winter, a poleward shift of the wintertime circulation over the Pacific, a weakening of monsoonal circulations, and an overall weakening of stationary wave circulations, particularly their divergent component and quasi-stationary disturbances.

Summary
Numerous factors influence Northern Hemisphere stationary waves, and mechanistic theories exist for only a few aspects of the stationary wave response to climate change. Idealized studies have proven useful for understanding the climate responses of particular atmospheric circulation features and should be a continued focus of future research.
A master stability function approach to cardiac alternans
Authors: Lai Yi Ming , Veasy Joshua , Coombes Stephen , Thul Rüdiger 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During a single heartbeat, muscle cells in the heart contract and relax. Under healthy conditions, the behaviour of these muscle cells is almost identical from one beat to the next. However, this regular rhythm can be disturbed giving rise to a variety of cardiac arrhythmias including cardiac alternans. Here, we focus on so-called microscopic calcium alternans and show how their complex spatial patterns can be understood with the help of the master stability function. Our work makes use of the fact that cardiac muscle cells can be conceptualised as a network of networks, and that calcium alternans correspond to an instability of the synchronous network state. In particular, we demonstrate how small changes in the coupling strength between network nodes can give rise to drastically different activity patterns in the network.
How do urban mobility (geo)graph’s topological properties fill a map?
Authors: Lima Santos Leonardo Bacelar , Carvalho Luiz Max , Seron Wilson , Coelho Flávio C. , Macau Elbert E. , Quiles Marcos G. , V. Monteiro Antônio M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urban mobility data are important to areas ranging from traffic engineering to the analysis of outbreaks and disasters. In this paper, we study mobility data from a major Brazilian city from a geographical viewpoint using a Complex Network approach. The case study is based on intra-urban mobility data from the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), presenting more than 480 spatial network nodes. While for the mobility flow data a log-normal distribution outperformed the power law, we also found moderate evidence for scale-free and small word effects in the flow network’s degree distribution. We employ a novel open-source GIS tool to display (geo)graph’s topological properties in maps and observe a strong traffic-topology association and also a fine adjustment for hubs location for different flow threshold networks. In the central commercial area for lower thresholds and in high population residential areas for higher thresholds. This set of results, including statistical, topological and geographical analysis may represent an important tool for policymakers and stakeholders in the urban planning area, especially by the identification of zones with few but strong links in a real data-driven mobility network.
Spreading of rodent infestations through a city
Authors: Brooks Dalton , Matta John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper details a network-based analysis of the spreading of rodent infestations through a city under varying conditions. Models of two very different cities, Tulsa, OK, USA and Providence, RI, USA, are created as geometric graphs using publicly available map data. The SIR epidemic model is applied with varying parameters, and the resulting infestation rates are measured. Results indicate that the density of a city, the size of the largest connected component (from the point of view of a rodent migrating to a new location), and the distance and probability of migration all play a role in determining the resulting rate of infestation. Results obtained are consistent with infestation patterns and rates reported by studies of other similarly dense city environments. For Providence a targeted attack simulation is run, which shows that carefully targeted extermination interventions could reduce infestation in the city by approximately 40%.
Radiative Influence of Horizontally Oriented Ice Crystals over Summit, Greenland
Authors: Stillwell Robert A. , Neely Ryan R. , Thayer Jeffrey P. , Walden Von P. , Shupe Matthew D. , Miller Nathaniel B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIce crystals commonly adopt a horizontal orientation under certain aerodynamic and electrodynamic conditions that occur in the atmosphere. While the radiative impact of horizontally oriented ice crystals (HOIC) has been theoretically studied with respect to their impact on shortwave cloud albedo, the longwave impact remains unexplored. This work analyzes the occurrence of HOIC at Summit, Greenland, from July 2015 to June 2017. Using polarization lidar and ancillary atmospheric sensors, ice crystal orientations are identified and used to interpret cloud radiative impact on the surface radiation budget. We find HOIC occur in at least 25.6% of all ice‐only column observations. We find that the shortwave impact of HOIC is to increase cloud radiative effect by approximately 22% for a given solar zenith angle. We also find that the longwave impact of HOIC compared to randomly oriented ice crystals are statistically different at the p < 0.01 significance level, increasing the surface radiative effect by approximately 8% for clouds with infrared optical depths < ~1. We suggest that the observed difference between the surface radiative effect for clouds containing randomly oriented ice crystals and HOIC may be due to enhanced scattering, but this hypothesis needs to be further explored with more detailed observations and modeling.
Disentangling Drivers of Meteorological Droughts in the European Greater Alpine Region During the Last Two Centuries
Authors: Haslinger K. , Hofstätter M. , Kroisleitner C. , Schöner W. , Laaha G. , Holawe F. , Blöschl G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the atmospheric drivers of severe precipitation deficits in the Greater Alpine Region during the last 210 years utilizing a daily atmospheric circulation type reconstruction. Precipitation deficit tends to be higher during periods with more frequent anticyclonic (dry) and less frequent cyclonic (wet) circulation types, as would be expected. However, circulation characteristics are not the main drivers of summer precipitation deficit. Dry soils in the warm season tend to limit precipitation, which is particularly the case for circulation types that are sensitive to a soil moisture‐precipitation feedback. This mechanism is of specific relevance in explaining the major drought decades of the 1860s and 1940s. Both episodes show large negative precipitation anomalies in spring followed by increasing frequencies of circulation types sensitive to soil moisture precipitation feedbacks. The dry springs of the 1860s were likely caused by circulation characteristics that were quite different from those of recent decades as a consequence of the large spatial extent of Arctic sea ice at the end of the Little Ice Age. On the other hand, the dry springs of the 1940s developed under a persistent positive pressure anomaly across Western and Central Europe, triggered by positive sea surface temperatures in the western subtropical Atlantic.
Different Precipitation Elasticity of Runoff for Precipitation Increase and Decrease at Watershed Scale
Authors: Tang Yin , Tang Qiuhong , Wang Zhonggen , Chiew Francis H. S. , Zhang Xuejun , Xiao Han 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe precipitation elasticity of runoff, defined as the percentage change in mean annual runoff for a given percentage change in mean annual precipitation, has been widely used as a simple rule of thumb for estimating runoff sensitivity to changes in precipitation. Most applications assume the same runoff sensitivity for both an increase and a decrease in precipitation. This study examines this assumption using long historical annual precipitation and streamflow data from 353 watersheds across the United States. The results show that the assumption is acceptable in humid and subhumid regions (aridity index less than 1.0). However, in arid and semiarid regions (aridity index greater than 1.0), the sensitivity of runoff to precipitation is greater for a decrease in precipitation than for an increase in precipitation. Therefore, the use of precipitation elasticity of runoff estimated using the entire data set in semiarid and arid regions will result in an overestimation of runoff increase from precipitation increase and an underestimation of runoff decrease from a decrease in precipitation. These findings suggest that multiple precipitation elasticities of runoff may be needed to estimate nonlinear responses of streamflow to precipitation change in a changing climate, especially for persistent increase and decrease in precipitation.
Combined Effect of Tides and Varying Inland Groundwater Input on Flow and Salinity Distribution in Unconfined Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Kuan Woei Keong , Xin Pei , Jin Guangqiu , Robinson Clare E. , Gibbes Badin , Li Ling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTides and seasonally varying inland freshwater input, with different fluctuation periods, are important factors affecting flow and salt transport in coastal unconfined aquifers. These processes affect submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated chemical transport to the sea. While the individual effects of these forcings have previously been studied, here we conducted physical experiments and numerical simulations to evaluate the interactions between varying inland freshwater input and tidal oscillations. Varying inland freshwater input was shown to induce significant water exchange across the aquifer‐sea interface as the saltwater wedge shifted landward and seaward over the fluctuation cycle. Tidal oscillations led to seawater circulations through the intertidal zone that also enhanced the density‐driven circulation, resulting in a significant increase in the total SGD. The combination of the tide and varying inland freshwater input, however, decreased the SGD components driven by the separate forcings (e.g., tides and density). Tides restricted the landward and seaward movement of the saltwater wedge in response to the varying inland freshwater input in addition to reducing the time delay between the varying freshwater input signal and landward‐seaward movement in the saltwater wedge interface. This study revealed the nonlinear interaction between tidal fluctuations and varying inland freshwater input will help to improve our understanding of SGD, seawater intrusion, and chemical transport in coastal unconfined aquifers.
How Daily Temperature and Precipitation Distributions Evolve With Global Surface Temperature.
Authors: Samset Bjørn Hallvard , Stjern Camilla Weum , Lund Marianne Tronstad , Mohr Christian Wilhelm , Sand Maria , Daloz Anne Sophie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe climate is an aggregate of the mean and variability of a range of meteorological variables, notably temperature (T) and precipitation (P). While the impacts of an increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) are commonly quantified through changes in regional means and extreme value distributions, a concurrent shift in the shapes of the distributions of daily T and P is arguably equally important. Here, we employ a 30‐member ensemble of coupled climate model simulations (CESM1 LENS) to consistently quantify the changes of regionally and seasonally resolved probability density functions of daily T and P as function of GMST. Focusing on aggregate regions covering both populated and rural zones, we identify large regional and seasonal diversity in the probability density functions and quantify where CESM1 projects the most noticeable changes compared to the preindustrial era. As global temperature increases, Europe and the United States are projected to see a rapid reduction in wintertime cold days, and East Asia to experience a strong increase in intense summertime precipitation. Southern Africa may see a shift to a more intrinsically variable climate but with little change in mean properties. The sensitivities of Arctic and African intrinsic variability to GMST are found to be particularly high. Our results highlight the need to further quantify future changes to daily temperature and precipitation distributions as an integral part of preparing for the societal and ecological impacts of climate change and show how large ensemble simulations can be a useful tool for such research.
Meteoric 10Be Reveals a Young, Active Accretionary Prism and Structurally Complex Décollement in the Vicinity of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Rupture
Authors: Regalla Christine , Bierman Paul , Rood Dylan H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present new meteoric 10Be concentration data from marine sediment cores recovered during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 343 (JFAST) that help constrain the age, origin, and internal structure of the frontal prism at the Japan trench in the vicinity of the 2011 Tohoku‐oki M9 earthquake rupture. 10Be sediment ages from the lower portion of the frontal prism range from ~0–10 Ma, with >60% of analyzed samples above the décollement yielding young ages <2 Ma. Repetition and inversion of high‐over‐low 10Be‐concentration sediments indicate the presence of stratigraphic inversions that correspond to faulting and imbrication of late Miocene and Quaternary sediments. The density of faults inferred indicates that the frontal prism has a fault spacing on the order of 10 s of meters, and the identification of faults in the underthrust section suggests that the plate boundary décollement may be a zone with multiple slip surfaces. Comparison of 10Be concentrations in the frontal prism with those of the incoming and forearc slope sediments indicates that the majority of the prism is sourced from accretion of Pacific Plate sediments, rather than from reworked frontal prism or slope sediments. These data suggest that over at least the past ~1–2 Ma, the décollement preferentially has localized at or near the base of the incoming sediment section, with relatively efficient sediment accretion occurring even in the presence of subducted horst‐and‐graben topography.
Experimental Evaluation of Remanence Carriers Using the Microcoercivity‐Unblocking Temperature Diagram
Authors: Sato Masahiko , Terada Takuma , Mochizuki Nobutatsu , Tsunakawa Hideo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKnowledge of remanence carriers in recording media is crucial for obtaining reliable paleomagnetic data. In this paper, we report a newly developed technique to determine remanence carriers in natural rock samples that uses anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) spectra in the microcoercivity (hc) and unblocking temperature (TUB) planes. The distribution of ARM carriers was determined via systematic stepwise demagnetization experiments of ARM combining thermal demagnetization and alternating field demagnetization treatments and calculating the change in ARM intensity on the hc‐TUB plane (hc‐TUB diagram). Samples from three basaltic lavas and two welded tuffs were analyzed. Combining the hc‐TUB diagram with the change in ARM coercivity spectra, both decreases and increases in magnetic minerals due to the thermal alteration during laboratory heating could be identified. From experimental samples, ARM carrier components were identified as being original rather than produced as a result of thermal alteration. In the case of the Izu‐Oshima 1986 A lava flow (1986La) sample, it was confirmed from the hc‐TUB diagram that high‐hc components can be separated using stepwise alternating field demagnetization treatment but not stepwise thermal demagnetization treatment. Paleointensity experiments were also conducted on Izu‐Oshima 1986 A lava flow samples. Two of the three paleointensity estimates were greater than the expected field intensity, suggesting a certain rock‐magnetic property that affects the paleointensity estimation. The hc‐TUB diagrams of the Izu‐Oshima 1986 A lava flow samples suggest that the differences in the paleointensity estimates were likely caused by different degrees of the high‐temperature oxidation state.
Modeling Satellite Gravity Gradient Data to Derive Density, Temperature, and Viscosity Structure of the Antarctic Lithosphere
Authors: Pappa F. , Ebbing J. , Ferraccioli F. , van der Wal W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study we combine seismological and petrological models with satellite gravity gradient data to obtain the thermal and compositional structure of the Antarctic lithosphere. Our results indicate that Antarctica is largely in isostatic equilibrium, although notable anomalies exist. A new Antarctic Moho depth map is derived that fits the satellite gravity gradient anomaly field and is in good agreement with independent seismic estimates. It exhibits detailed crustal thickness variations also in areas of East Antarctica that are poorly explored due to sparse seismic station coverage. The thickness of the lithosphere in our model is in general agreement with seismological estimates, confirming the marked contrast between West Antarctica (<100 km) and East Antarctica (up to 260 km). Finally, we assess the implications of the temperature distribution in our model for mantle viscosities and glacial isostatic adjustment. The upper mantle temperatures we model are lower than obtained from previous seismic velocity studies. This results in higher estimated viscosities underneath West Antarctica. When combined with present‐day uplift rates from GPS, a bulk dry upper mantle rheology appears permissible.
Orogenic Root Delamination Induced by Eclogitization of Thickened Lower Crust in the Chinese Western Tianshan: Constraints From Adakites
Authors: Li Ning‐Bo , Niu He‐Cai , Yang Wu‐Bin , Lai Chun‐Kit , Zhao Zhen‐Hua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCrustal delamination induced by eclogitization of orogenic roots, in addition to plate subduction, is an important process that transfers crustal materials back into the mantle. Many previous studies have demonstrated a causal link between crustal delamination and eclogitization, but actual magmatic records of the process are rarely documented. Here we present detailed studies on two distinct late Paleozoic adakite suites in the Awulale Mountains (Chinese Western Tianshan), that is, the suites with high (HN) and low (LN) Nb/Ta ratios, to constrain the regional crustal delamination. Both igneous suites have adakitic affinity and formed by partial melting of the juvenile thickened lower crust with different residual mineral assemblages in their source regions. The late Carboniferous HN adakite has superchondritic Nb/Ta (21.4–23.3) and high Dy/Yb (2.66–2.88) ratios and may have formed via rutile‐bearing, eclogite‐controlled melting of the lower crust, implying crustal thickening and eclogitization. In contrast, the Permian LN adakites have varying and lower ranges of Nb/Ta (12.9–20.0) and Dy/Yb ratios (1.35–2.53), which were probably derived from mixing of garnet‐bearing amphibolite with minor rutile‐bearing, eclogite‐controlled melts, implying crustal thinning and the end of eclogitization. The succession of these two adakite suites suggests that during the late Carboniferous to early Permian, eclogitization of the orogenic root, accompanying successive crustal delaminations, occurred in this region. Accordingly, our results imply that adakites with different geochemical features are potential tracers for the mineralogy of orogenic roots and, importantly, provide convincing evidence for eclogitization‐induced crustal delamination in orogenic belts.