bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nervous system regulated by POZ domain Krüppel‐like zinc finger (POK) family transcription repressor RP58
Authors: Okado Haruo 
Published: September 2020

The POZ domain Krüppel‐like zinc finger transcription repressor (POK family) contains many important molecules, including RP58, Bcl6 and PLZF. They function as transcription repressors via chromatin remodelling and histone deacetylation and are known to be involved in the development and tumourigenesis of various organs. Furthermore, they are important in the formation and function of the nervous system. This review summarizes the role of the POK family transcription repressors in the nervous system. We particularly targeted Rp58 (also known as Znf238, Znp238 and Zbtb18), a sequence‐specific transcriptional repressor that is strongly expressed in developing glutamatergic projection neurons in the cerebral cortex. It regulates various physiological processes, including neuronal production, neuronal migration and neuronal maturation. Human studies suggest that reduced RP58 levels are involved in cognitive function impairment and brain tumour formation. This review particularly focuses on the mechanisms underlying RP58‐mediated neuronal development and function.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc
T‐LAK cell‐originated protein kinase (TOPK) is a Novel Prognostic and Therapeutic Target in Chordoma
Authors: Thanindratarn Pichaya , Dean Dylan C. , Nelson Scott D. , Hornicek Francis J. , Duan Zhenfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the expression, prognostic value, and functionality of T‐lymphokine‐activated killer (T‐LAK) cell‐originated protein kinase (TOPK) in chordoma pathogenesis.Materials and MethodsTOPK expression in chordoma was assessed via immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray (TMA) and correlated with patient clinicopathology. TOPK expression in chordoma cell lines and fresh patient tissues was then evaluated by Western blot. TOPK small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the specific inhibitor OTS514 were applied to determine the roles of TOPK in chordoma pathogenicity. The effect of TOPK expression on chordoma cell clonogenicity was also investigated using clonogenic assays. A 3D cell culture model was utilized to mimic in vivo environment to validate the effect of TOPK inhibition on chordoma cells.ResultsTOPK was highly expressed in 78.2% of the chordoma specimens in the TMA and all chordoma cell lines. High TOPK expression significantly correlated with metastasis, recurrence, disease status and shorter overall survival. Knockdown of TOPK with specific siRNA resulted in significantly decrease chordoma cell viability. Inhibition of TOPK with OTS514 significantly inhibited chordoma cell growth and proliferation, colony‐forming capacity and ex vivo spheroid growth.ConclusionsHigh expression of TOPK is an important predictor of poor prognosis in chordoma. Inhibition of TOPK resulted in significantly decrease chordoma cell proliferation and increase apoptosis. Our results indicate TOPK as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for chordoma.
Approaches to triangulation of alcohol data in Scotland: Commentary on Rehm et al.
Authors: Robinson Mark , Kibuchi Eliud , Gray Linsay , McCartney Gerry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRehm et al. highlight the ongoing difficulties in accurately estimating alcohol consumption using surveys. Population surveys, in particular, suffer from non‐response and sampling bias, which affects their representativeness, but they are one of the few ways of estimating differences in consumption across population subgroups. In this article, we highlight different approaches that have been taken in Scotland to try to overcome these problems, from the pragmatic to the sophisticated.
Are there gender differences in the association between body mass index and left ventricular diastolic function? A clinical observational study in the Japanese general population
Authors: Hirokawa Megumi , Daimon Masao , Kozuma Kayoko , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Kimura Koichi , Nakao Tomoko , Nakanishi Koki , Sawada Naoko , Ishiwata Jumpei , Yoshida Yuriko , Kato Tomoko S , Mizuno Yoshiko , Morita Hiroyuki , Yatomi Yutaka , Komuro Issei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreased body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HFpEF is more prevalent in elderly females than males. We hypothesized that there may be gender differences in the association between BMI and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) diastolic parameters.MethodsWe enrolled 456 subjects (243 males) without overt cardiac diseases, all of whom underwent a health checkup. Early (E) and late (A) diastolic transmitral flow velocity, early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′), and left atrial (LA) volume index were measured by echocardiography to assess LV diastolic function. To examine gender differences in the association between BMI and LV diastolic function, we analyzed the interaction effects of gender on the association between BMI and echocardiographic LV diastolic parameters.ResultsAlthough there were significant gender differences in the association between BMI and E/A and e′ in the crude model (interaction effect 0.037 and 0.173, respectively; P = .006 and .022, respectively), these differences were not statistically significant after adjustment for factors related to LV diastolic function. On the other hand, there were significant associations between BMI and LV diastolic parameters in each gender, even after adjustment.ConclusionsOur findings suggest there is no gender difference in the association between BMI and echocardiographic LV diastolic parameters. However, the association between BMI and LV diastolic parameters was significant in both genders. Controlling body weight might be beneficial for both women and men to prevent progression of LV diastolic dysfunction and development of HFpEF.
Seasonal hydrology and fish assemblage structure in the floodplain of the lower Amazon River
Authors: Silva Poliane B. , Arantes Caroline C. , Freitas Carlos E. C. , Petrere Miguel , Ribeiro Frank R. V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated how the taxonomic and functional structures of fish assemblages in the lower Amazon River floodplain responded to seasonal hydrological variations. Fishes were sampled in 440 aquatic habitats across a floodplain area of 17,673 km2 during periods of high, receding, low and rising water. In addition, we recorded local environmental and landscape variables known to affect fish assemblages in floodplains. Redundancy analysis indicated that the taxonomic and functional structures of the fish assemblages were associated with water levels as well as local environmental, landscape and spatial variables. Our results showed that piscivores, planktivores and omnivores, as well as species with periodic and intermediate life history strategies, dominated the floodplain fish assemblages during periods of high‐water levels, whereas herbivores, invertivores and detritivores, as well as species of large body size with an equilibrium life history strategy, dominated the fish assemblages during periods of low‐water levels. Hydrology strongly influenced the structure of the fish assemblages in the Amazon floodplains. Our results indicate that the maintenance of seasonal hydrological dynamics in the basin is essential for the conservation of the regional fish diversity.
Advancing nature‐based approaches to address the biodiversity and climate emergency
Authors: Mori Akira S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiodiversity loss and climate change are often considered as intertwined issues. However, they do not receive equal attention. Even in the context of nature‐based climate solutions, which consider ecosystems to be crucial to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change, the potential role of biodiversity has received little attention. Here this essay emphasizes biodiversity as the cause—not only the consequence—to help society and nature face challenges associated with the changing climate. Reconsidering and emphasizing the linkages between these twin environmental crises is urgently needed to make collective efforts for the environment truly effective.
Standard procedures for the diagnostic pathway of sleep‐related epilepsies and comorbid sleep disorders: an EAN, ESRS and ILAE‐Europe consensus review
Authors: Nobili L. , de Weerd A. , Rubboli G. , Beniczky S. , Derry C. , Eriksson S. , Halasz P. , Högl B. , Santamaria J. , Khatami R. , Ryvlin P. , Rémi J. , Tinuper P. , Bassetti C. , Manni R. , Koutroumanidis M. , Vignatelli L. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeSome epilepsy syndromes (sleep‐related epilepsies, SREs) have a strong link with sleep. Comorbid sleep disorders are common in patients with SRE and can exert a negative impact on seizure control and quality of life. Our purpose was to define the standard procedures for the diagnostic pathway of patients with possible SRE (scenario 1) and the general management of patients with SRE and comorbidity with sleep disorders (scenario 2).MethodsThe project was conducted under the auspices of the European Academy of Neurology, the European Sleep Research Society and the International League Against Epilepsy Europe. The framework entailed the following phases: conception of the clinical scenarios; literature review; statements regarding the standard procedures. For the literature search a stepwise approach starting from systematic reviews to primary studies was applied. Published studies were identified from the National Library of Medicine’s MEDLINE database and Cochrane Library.ResultsScenario 1: Despite a low quality of evidence, recommendations on anamnestic evaluation and tools for capturing the event at home or in the laboratory are provided for specific SREs. Scenario 2: Early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders (especially respiratory disorders) in patients with SRE are likely to be beneficial for seizure control.ConclusionsDefinitive procedures for evaluating patients with SRE are lacking. Advice is provided that could be of help for standardizing and improving the diagnostic approach of specific SREs. The importance of identifying and treating specific sleep disorders for the management and outcome of patients with SRE is underlined.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: can a diagnosis be made in patients not fulfilling electrodiagnostic criteria?
Authors: Liberatore G. , Manganelli F. , Doneddu P. E. , Cocito D. , Fazio R. , Briani C. , Filosto M. , Benedetti L. , Mazzeo A. , Antonini G. , Cosentino G. , Jann S. , Cortese A. , Marfia G. A. , Clerici A. M. , Siciliano G. , Carpo M. , Luigetti M. , Lauria G. , Rosso T. , Cavaletti G. , Santoro L. , Peci E. , Tronci S. , Ruiz M. , Cotti Piccinelli S. , Schenone A. , Leonardi L. , Toscano A. , Mataluni G. , Spina E. , Gentile L. , Nobile‐Orazio E. ,   the Italian CIDP Database Study Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to identify the clinical and diagnostic investigations that may help to support a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in patients not fulfilling the European Federation of Neurological Societies and Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) electrodiagnostic criteria.MethodsThe data from patients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP included in a national database were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsIn all, 535 patients with a diagnosis of CIDP were included. This diagnosis fulfilled the EFNS/PNS criteria in 468 patients (87.2%) (definite in 430, probable in 33, possible in three, while two had chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy). Sixty‐seven patients had a medical history and clinical signs compatible with CIDP but electrodiagnostic studies did not fulfill the EFNS/PNS criteria for CIDP. These patients had similar clinical features and frequency of abnormal supportive criteria for the diagnosis of CIDP compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. Two or more abnormal supportive criteria were present in 40 (61.2%) patients rising to 54 (80.6%) if a history of a relapsing course as a possible supportive criterion was also included. Increased cerebrospinal fluid proteins and response to immune therapy most frequently helped in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP. Response to therapy was similarly frequent in patients fulfilling or not EFNS/PNS criteria (87.3% vs. 85.9%).ConclusionsPatients with a clinical diagnosis of CIDP had similar clinical findings, frequency of abnormal supportive criteria and response to therapy compared to patients fulfilling EFNS/PNS criteria. The presence of abnormal supportive criteria may help in supporting the diagnosis of CIDP in patients with a medical history and clinical signs compatible with this diagnosis but non‐diagnostic nerve conduction studies.
The geography of high‐priority conservation areas for marine mammals
Authors: Astudillo‐Scalia Yaiyr , de Albuquerque Fábio Suzart 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimFor decades, biogeographers have used patterns of animal and plant diversity to identify areas that could be considered for conservation efforts. Since richness is not the best framework to conserve biodiversity, ecologists have been using patterns of complementarity to ensure that sites selected for inclusion in a reserve network complement those already selected. They also have investigated their association with the environment to conserve biodiversity in terrestrial realms successfully. In this study, we extended these ideas to marine realms. Specifically, we investigated if complementarity patterns vary with latitude, and what are the reasons for the observed patterns.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedMarine mammals.MethodsGlobal distribution maps for 123 marine mammals were obtained from the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Spatial Database to determine the global presence/absence of species. Random forest models were used to investigate the relationship between oceanographic variables and patterns of complementarity‐based marine mammal site importance, calculated using the softwareZonation.ResultsComplementarity maps for all marine mammal species show a gradient of increasing importance from pelagic towards coastal areas, with patches of high priority in the Southern, North Pacific, and Arctic Oceans. Conversely, maps depicting hotspots of richness (HRs) of marine mammals show that HRs are highly biased towards tropical zones. Random forests identified temperature, bathymetry and salinity as the critical drivers of high conservation priority for marine mammals at a global extent.Main conclusionsOur results support the tenet that site complementarity can be modelled and predicted as a function of environmental variables. Because marine mammals face a higher level of threats compared to their land counterparts, our results can help stakeholders and citizens to advocate for actions in priority areas. Also, complementarity patterns could provide important insight into how patterns might change in the future, given the impacts of climate.
Biomass:N:K:Ca:Mg:P ratios in forest stands world‐wide: Biogeographical variations and environmental controls
Authors: Zhang Kerong , Cheng Xiaoli , Dang Haishan , Zhang Quanfa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimCommunity‐level biomass‐to‐nutrient ratios and elemental stoichiometry of forests can provide insights for understanding the efficiency of nutrient use and the adaptation strategies of trees. However, the global‐scale pattern of biomass:N:K:Ca:Mg:P ratios in forest stands and its responses to environmental drivers remain unknown.LocationWorld‐wide.Time period1959–2015.Major taxa studiedTrees in forests.MethodsWe synthesized data from 356 forests distributed globally to study the biogeographical variations in biomass‐to‐nutrient ratios and elemental stoichiometry.ResultsOur results revealed that the biomass:N, biomass:P, biomass:K, biomass:Ca and biomass:Mg ratios of living trees in forests averaged 330.2 ± 11.1, 3847.1 ± 164.6, 615.3 ± 26.1, 393.2 ± 15.0 and 2221.5 ± 92.0, respectively. The biomass:N, biomass:K, biomass:Mg, P:K, P:Mg and Ca:Mg ratios decreased with mean annual temperature and increased from low to high latitude, whereas the N:P and K:Ca ratios displayed the opposite trends. The biomass:P, N:P and K:Ca ratios increased significantly with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP), whereas the P:K, P:Mg and Ca:Mg ratios decreased with the MAP. The biomass:N and biomass:Ca ratios decreased significantly with increasing soil N and Ca stocks, respectively. Forest stand age significantly affected biomass‐to‐nutrient ratios, with the older forests displaying higher biomass:N and biomass:P. The scaling relationships indicated that, on average, as biomass increased, biomass:N would increase, because N rose more slowly than linearly with biomass, whereas the Ca and Mg increased proportionally with biomass.Main conclusionsOur findings proved that the community‐level biomass‐to‐nutrient ratios and stoichiometry were affected by climate, soil, stand age and taxonomy of trees.
TRADE, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND WAGE INEQUALITY: THE CASE OF MEXICO
Authors: Waddle Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFollowing the U.S.–Mexico trade integration, the skill premium rose dramatically in Mexico. Standard trade theory predicts the skill premium in a skill‐scarce country should fall—not rise—following such an integration. This article reconciles theory and data by building a model in which intermediate producers in Mexico begin to produce for the U.S. supply chain following liberalization. To do so, they must rent ideas from the United States, which are more skill‐intensive, thus increasing the skill premium. This mechanism is supported by the data: Mexican plants and industries that trade more with the United States rent more U.S. technology and have higher skill premia.
Lifetime antimicrobial use is associated with weight status in early adolescence—A register‐based cohort study
Authors: Figueiredo Rejane Augusta de Oliveira , Kajantie Eero , Neuvonen Pertti J. , Rounge Trine B. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Viljakainen Heli 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundAntimicrobial agents (AMs) are the most prescribed drugs to children. Early and repeated exposure to AMs in infancy is associated with increased risk of childhood overweight and obesity.AimsWe extended the investigation of AMs use, from birth to early adolescence, and evaluated their association with weight status.Materials & MethodsA total of 10093 children from Finnish Health in Teens cohort (Fin‐HIT) with register‐based data on AMs purchases and measured weight status at the mean age of 11.2 y (SD 0.82) were included in the study. The key exposures were the number AM purchases at a given age or the sum of these during the entire follow‐up time to describe lifetime exposure / use. Outcome was weight status in early adolescence defined with International Obesity Task Force cut‐offs for the age‐ and sex‐specific body mass index. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Multinomial Logistic Regression.ResultsOf children, 73.7% were normal weight, 11.1% thin and 15.2% overweight/obese. AMs use was highest during the second year of life, when 65% of all children used AMs, but thereafter decreased with age. The highest mean purchases and prevalence at any given age along with the highest lifetime use were consistently seen among overweight children. Each episode of AMs use throughout life increased the risk of being overweight in adolescence [OR = 1.02 (1.02–1.03)]. However, there was an inverse association between AMs use and thinness [OR = 0.98 (0.97–0.99)].DiscussionDespite a high prevalence of AMs use during the early years, lifetime‐use was associated with weight status in early adolescence in a dose response manner.ConclusionFuture studies should address mechanisms underlying the relationship between AM use and weight.
The dependence of lattice thermal conductivity on phonon modes in pyrochlore‐related Ln2Sn2O7 (Ln = La, Gd)
Authors: Li Zheng , Yang Jun , Xing Yan , Wan Chunlei , Watanabe Satoshi , Pan Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRare‐earth pyrochlore materials are promising thermal barrier coatings materials and fundamental understanding of their thermal transport is crucial for further improving its performance. In this work, using density functional theory (DFT) method, we calculated the intrinsic lattice thermal conductivities of Ln2Sn2O7 (Ln = La, Gd) and conducted a comprehensive analysis on the mode thermal conductivity, relaxation time, Grüneisen parameters, group velocity, and specific heat, respectively. It is shown that in pyrochlore‐type materials the number of the optical phonons is much larger than that of the acoustic phonon, and the thermal conductivity of acoustic phonons are suppressed, both of which increase the contribution ratio of optical phonons. Especially, through cumulative analysis, we found that the contribution of optical phonons is significant: the ratio of optical contribution is more than 50% and 64% in La2Sn2O7 and Gd2Sn2O7. This work provides a comprehensive picture illustrating the significant role of the optical phonons in the lattice thermal conduction in rare‐earth pyrochlore materials, and points out an avenue to obtain low thermal conductivity in complex structural thermal insulation materials.
Solvothermal synthesis of various C3N4 films on FTO substrates and their photocatalytic and sensing applications
Authors: Yao Ssu‐Yu , Chang Kao‐Shuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper reports solvothermal syntheses of pristine and KOH–NaCl‐modified melon and melon–rGO composite films without post annealing and their applications in photocatalysis and Cu2+ sensing. Melon seed‐layer coating enhanced film adhesion to fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to verify melon film structures. Assorted complex agents were studied to tailor film morphologies. (001)‐Oriented nanorods were observed in KOH–NaCl‐modified melon films. Constituent elements were determined based on their binding energies using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ultraviolet–visible and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to confirm band gaps and valence band positions, respectively, of melon films. Associated energy‐band diagrams were then constructed. The melon–rGO composite films exhibited superior photodegradation of methylene blue (degradation rate constant [k] ≅ 6.4 × 10−3/min) and rhodamine B (k ≅ 2.5 × 10−3/min) under visible‐light irradiation. The performance was confirmed by nanorod structures, low photoluminescence emission, and high electrochemical surface areas. Furthermore, a reliable photoelectrochemical current density (~0.5 mA/cm2) at a 0.6‐V bias was obtained for KOH–NaCl‐modified melon and melon–rGO composite films. The KOH–NaCl‐modified melon films demonstrated excellent selectivity between Cu2+ and Cr6+, indicating promising applications in Cu2+ sensing.