bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoraflex hybrid as frozen elephant trunk in chronic, residual type A and chronic type B aortic dissection
Authors: Fiorentino Mariafrancesca , de Beaufort Hector W L , Sonker Uday , Heijmen Robin H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The frozen elephant trunk technique is an increasingly common treatment for extensive disease of the thoracic aorta. The objective of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of frozen elephant trunk specifically in chronic (residual) aortic dissections, focusing on downstream aortic remodelling.

METHODS
Between 2013 and 2019, a total of 28 patients were treated using the Vascutek Thoraflex hybrid graft at our institution for chronic dissections/post-dissection aneurysms. Immediate and follow-up outcomes were studied, as well as the changes in total aortic diameter, true lumen and false lumen diameter and the status of the false lumen at 3 different levels of the thoraco-abdominal aorta.

RESULTS
No in-hospital or 30-day mortality was observed, temporary paraparesis rate was 7% and disabling stroke incidence was 14.3%. Freedom from all-cause mortality at 2 years was 91.6 ± 5.7%, while freedom from reintervention on the downstream aorta at 2 years was 59.1 ± 10.8%. Positive aortic remodelling was achieved in 50.0%, with an enlargement in the true lumen and a reduction of the false lumen not only at the level of the proximal descending aorta with 73.1% of complete thrombosis but also at the level of the distal descending thoracic aorta, with 41.7% of complete thrombosis.

CONCLUSIONS
The frozen elephant trunk is a good solution in chronic (residual) downstream aortic dissections inducing positive aortic remodelling and preventing from II stage operations or allowing an endovascular approach.
Analytic Twists of GL3 × GL2 Automorphic Forms
Authors: Lin Yongxiao , Sun Qingfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Let $\pi $ be a Hecke–Maass cusp form for $\textrm{SL}_3(\mathbb{Z})$ with normalized Hecke eigenvalues $\lambda _{\pi }(n,r)$. Let $f$ be a holomorphic or Maass cusp form for $\textrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ with normalized Hecke eigenvalues $\lambda _f(n)$. In this paper, we are concerned with obtaining nontrivial estimates for the sum $$\begin{align*}& \sum_{r,n\geq 1}\lambda_{\pi}(n,r)\lambda_f(n)e\left(t\,\varphi(r^2n/N)\right)V\left(r^2n/N\right), \end{align*}$$where $e(x)=e^{2\pi ix}$, $V(x)\in \mathcal{C}_c^{\infty }(0,\infty )$, $t\geq 1$ is a large parameter and $\varphi (x)$ is some real-valued smooth function. As applications, we give an improved subconvexity bound for $\textrm{GL}_3\times \textrm{GL}_2$ $L$-functions in the $t$-aspect and under the Ramanujan--Petersson conjecture we derive the following bound for sums of $\textrm{GL}_3\times \textrm{GL}_2$ Fourier coefficients $$\begin{align*}& \sum_{r^2n\leq x}\lambda_{\pi}(r,n)\lambda_f(n)\ll_{\pi, f, \varepsilon} x^{5/7-1/364+\varepsilon} \end{align*}$$for any $\varepsilon&gt;0$, which breaks for the 1st time the barrier $O(x^{5/7+\varepsilon })$ in a work by Friedlander–Iwaniec.
Harmful Effects of Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells on Tuberculosis Caused by Hypervirulent Mycobacteria
Authors: Barbosa Bomfim Caio César , Pinheiro Amaral Eduardo , Santiago-Carvalho Igor , Almeida Santos Gislane , Machado Salles Érika , Hastreiter Araceli Aparecida , Silva do Nascimento Rogério , Almeida Fabrício M , Lopes Biá Ventura Simão Thatiana , Linhares Rezende Andreza , Hiroyuki Hirata Mario , Ambrósio Fock Ricardo , Álvarez José Maria , Lasunskaia Elena B , D’Império Lima Maria Regina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in patients with severe tuberculosis who suffer from uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation caused by hypervirulent mycobacterial infection remains unclear.MethodsThis issue was addressed using C57BL/6 mice infected with highly virulent Mycobacterium bovis strain MP287/03.ResultsCD11b+GR1int population increased in the bone marrow, blood and lungs during advanced disease. Pulmonary CD11b+GR1int (Ly6GintLy6Cint) cells showed granularity similar to neutrophils and expressed immature myeloid cell markers. These immature neutrophils harbored intracellular bacilli and were preferentially located in the alveoli. T-cell suppression occurred concomitantly with CD11b+GR1int cell accumulation in the lungs. Furthermore, lung and bone marrow GR1+ cells suppressed both T-cell proliferation and interferon γ production in vitro. Anti-GR1 therapy given when MDSCs infiltrated the lungs prevented expansion and fusion of primary pulmonary lesions and the development of intragranulomatous caseous necrosis, along with increased mouse survival and partial recovery of T-cell function. Lung bacterial load was reduced by anti-GR1 treatment, but mycobacteria released from the depleted cells proliferated extracellularly in the alveoli, forming cords and clumps.ConclusionsGranulocytic MDSCs massively infiltrate the lungs during infection with hypervirulent mycobacteria, promoting bacterial growth and the development of inflammatory and necrotic lesions, and are promising targets for host-directed therapies.
Concurrent Infection With Multiple Human Papillomavirus Types Among Unvaccinated and Vaccinated 17-Year-Old Norwegian Girls
Authors: Laake Ida , Feiring Berit , Jonassen Christine Monceyron , Pettersson John H O , Frengen Torstein Gjølgali , Kirkeleite Ingerid Ørjansen , Trogstad Lill 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Whether type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infection influences the risk of acquiring infections with other HPV types is unclear. We studied concurrent HPV infections in 17-year-old girls from 2 birth cohorts; the first vaccine-eligible cohort in Norway and a prevaccination cohort.

Methods
Urine samples were collected and tested for 37 HPV genotypes. This study was restricted to unvaccinated girls from the prevaccination cohort (n = 5245) and vaccinated girls from the vaccine-eligible cohort (n = 4904). Risk of HPV infection was modelled using mixed-effect logistic regression. Expected frequencies of concurrent infection with each pairwise combination of the vaccine types and high-risk types (6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59) were compared to observed frequencies.

Results
Infection with multiple HPV types was more common among unvaccinated girls than vaccinated girls (9.2% vs 3.7%). HPV33 and HPV51 was the only HPV pair that was detected together more often than expected among both unvaccinated (P = .002) and vaccinated girls (P &lt; .001). No HPV pairs were observed significantly less often than expected.

Conclusions
HPV33 and HPV51 tended to be involved in coinfection among both unvaccinated and vaccinated girls. The introduction of HPV vaccination does not seem to have had an effect on the tendency of specific HPV types to cluster together.
Artificial intelligence in breast cancer screening: primary care provider preferences
Authors: Hendrix Nathaniel , Hauber Brett , Lee Christoph I , Bansal Aasthaa , Veenstra David L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being proposed for use in medicine, including breast cancer screening (BCS). Little is known, however, about referring primary care providers’ (PCPs’) preferences for this technology.

Methods
We identified the most important attributes of AI BCS for ordering PCPs using qualitative interviews: sensitivity, specificity, radiologist involvement, understandability of AI decision-making, supporting evidence, and diversity of training data. We invited US-based PCPs to participate in an internet-based experiment designed to force participants to trade off among the attributes of hypothetical AI BCS products. Responses were analyzed with random parameters logit and latent class models to assess how different attributes affect the choice to recommend AI-enhanced screening.

Results
Ninety-one PCPs participated. Sensitivity was most important, and most PCPs viewed radiologist participation in mammography interpretation as important. Other important attributes were specificity, understandability of AI decision-making, and diversity of data. We identified 3 classes of respondents: “Sensitivity First” (41%) found sensitivity to be more than twice as important as other attributes; “Against AI Autonomy” (24%) wanted radiologists to confirm every image; “Uncertain Trade-Offs” (35%) viewed most attributes as having similar importance. A majority (76%) accepted the use of AI in a “triage” role that would allow it to filter out likely negatives without radiologist confirmation.

Conclusions and Relevance
Sensitivity was the most important attribute overall, but other key attributes should be addressed to produce clinically acceptable products. We also found that most PCPs accept the use of AI to make determinations about likely negative mammograms without radiologist confirmation.
The Yin and Yang of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles in tumour immunity
Authors: Yamauchi Takayoshi , Moroishi Toshiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles that are naturally released from various types of cells. EVs contain a wide variety of cellular components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites, which facilitate intercellular communication in diverse biological processes. In the tumour microenvironment, EVs have been shown to play important roles in tumour progression, including immune system–tumour interactions. Although previous studies have convincingly demonstrated the immunosuppressive functions of tumour-derived EVs, some studies have suggested that tumour-derived EVs can also stimulate host immunity, especially in therapeutic conditions. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of EVs with different structural and biological characteristics that may account for the divergent functions of EVs in tumour immunity. In this review article, we provide a brief summary of our current understanding of tumour-derived EVs in immune activation and inhibition. We also highlight the emerging utility of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and discuss the potential clinical applications of tumour-derived EVs.
LncRNA HEIH promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion by suppressing miR-214-3p in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Lei , Zhang Luyao , Chen Qian , Qiao Shigang , Zhou Feng , Han Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the function of long non-coding RNA HEIH in gastric carcinoma (GC). Adjacent normal tissues and GC tissues were obtained from 72 patients. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was utilized to measure the expression of HEIH in cancer tissues and cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell assays were employed to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion. An Annexin V-fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) Apoptosis Detection Kit was used to evaluate the apoptosis ratio. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-214-3p. The expression of HEIH in GC tissues was higher than in adjacent normal tissues. The expression of HEIH was upregulated in MKN-45, NCL-N87, KATO III cell lines compared within normal gastric epithelial cells. Knockdown of lncRNA HEIH significantly decreased the number of migrated and invaded cells. Additionally, downregulation of HEIH could increase GC cell apoptosis compared with the non-specific control (NC) group. We also proved that miR-214-3p was the direct target of lncRNA HEIH, and that overexpression of miR-214-3p could reverse the effects of HEIH. Silencing of HEIH could suppress Gastric Carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by inhibiting miR-214-3p. Thus, HEIH might represent a novel biomarker and therapeutic target.
Approach and application to transfer heterogeneous simulation data from finite element analysis to neural networks
Authors: Spruegel Tobias C , Bickel Sebastian , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe simulation of product behavior is a vital part of current virtual product development. It can be expected that soon there will be more product simulations due to the availability of easy-to-use finite element analysis software and computational power. Consequently, the amount of accessible new simulation data adds up to the already existing amount. However, even when using easy-to-use finite element software tools, errors can occur during the setup of finite element simulations, and users should be warned about certain mistakes by automatic algorithms. To use the vast amount of available finite element simulations for a data-driven finite element support tool, in this paper, a methodology will be presented to transform different finite element simulations to unified matrices. The procedure is based on the projection of nodes onto a detector sphere, which is converted into a matrix in the next step. The generated matrices represent the simulation and can be described as the DNA of a finite element simulation. They can be used as an input for any machine learning model, such as convolutional neural networks. The essential steps of preprocessing the data and an application with a large dataset are part of this contribution. The trained network can then be used for an automatic plausibility check for new simulations, based on the previous simulation data from the past. This can result in a tool for automatic plausibility checks and can be the backbone for a feedback system for less experienced users.
Immunological Assessment of Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Grazioli Serge , Tavaglione Fedora , Torriani Giulia , Wagner Noemie , Rohr Marie , L’Huillier Arnaud G , Leclercq Charlotte , Perrin Anne , Bordessoule Alice , Beghetti Maurice , Schmid Jana Pachlopnik , Vavassori Stefano , Perreau Matthieu , Eberhardt Christiane , Didierlaurent Arnaud , Kaiser Laurent , Eckerle Isabella , Roux-Lombard Pascale , Blanchard-Rohner Geraldine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Recently, cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide. Negative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing associated with positive serology in most of the cases suggests a postinfectious syndrome. Because the pathophysiology of this syndrome is still poorly understood, extensive virological and immunological investigations are needed.

Methods
We report a series of 4 pediatric patients admitted to Geneva University Hospitals with persistent fever and laboratory evidence of inflammation meeting the published definition of MIS-C related to COVID-19, to whom an extensive virological and immunological workup was performed.

Results
RT-PCRs on multiple anatomical compartments were negative, whereas anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were strongly positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence. Both pseudoneutralization and full virus neutralization assays showed the presence of neutralizing antibodies in all children, confirming a recent infection with SARS-CoV-2. The analyses of cytokine profiles revealed an elevation in all cytokines, as reported in adults with severe COVID-19. Although differing in clinical presentation, some features of MIS-C show phenotypic overlap with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). In contrast to patients with primary HLH, our patients showed normal perforin expression and natural killer (NK) cell degranulation. The levels of soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R) correlated with the severity of disease, reflecting recent T-cell activation.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that MIS-C related to COVID-19 is caused by a postinfectious inflammatory syndrome associated with an elevation in all cytokines, and markers of recent T-cell activation (sIL-2R) occurring despite a strong and specific humoral response to SARS-CoV-2. Further functional and genetic analyses are essential to better understand the mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions.
Oxygen in the air and oxygen dissolved in the floodwater both sustain growth of aquatic adventitious roots in rice
Authors: Lin Chen , Ogorek Lucas León Peralta , Pedersen Ole , Sauter Margret 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlooding is an environmental stress that leads to a shortage of O2 that can be detrimental for plants. When flooded, deepwater rice grow floating adventitious roots to replace the dysfunctional soil-borne root system, but the features that ensure O2 supply and hence growth of aquatic roots have not been explored. We investigate the sources of O2 in aquatic adventitious roots and relate aerenchyma and barriers for gas diffusion to local O2 gradients, as measured by microsensor technology, to link O2 distribution in distinct root zones to their anatomical features. The mature root part receives O2 exclusively from the stem. It has aerenchyma that, together with suberin and lignin depositions at the water–root and cortex–stele interfaces, provides a path for longitudinal O2 movement toward the tip. The root tip has no diffusion barriers and receives O2 from the stem and floodwater, resulting in improved aeration of the root tip over mature tissues. Local formation of aerenchyma and diffusion barriers in the mature root channel O2 towards the tip which also obtains O2 from the floodwater. These features explain aeration of floating roots and their ability to grow under water.
Polarization simulations of stellar wind bow shock nebulae – II. The case of dust scattering
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Neilson Hilding R , Hoffman Jennifer L , Ignace Richard , Fullard Andrew G 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the polarization produced by scattering from dust in a bow shock-shaped region of enhanced density surrounding a stellar source, using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SLIP. Bow shocks are structures formed by the interaction of the winds of fast-moving stars with the interstellar medium. Our previous study focused on the polarization produced in these structures by electron scattering; we showed that polarization is highly dependent on inclination angle and that multiple scattering changes the shape and degree of polarization. In contrast to electron scattering, dust scattering is wavelength-dependent, which changes the polarization behaviour. Here, we explore different dust particle sizes and compositions and generate polarized spectral energy distributions for each case. We find that the polarization spectral energy distribution behaviour depends on the dust composition and grain size. Including dust emission leads to polarization changes with temperature at higher optical depth in ways that are sensitive to the orientation of the bow shock. In various scenarios and under certain assumptions, our simulations can constrain the optical depth and dust properties of resolved and unresolved bow shock-shaped scattering regions. Constraints on optical depth can provide estimates of local interstellar medium density for observed bow shocks. We also study the impact of dust grains filling the region between the star and bow shock. We see that as the density of dust between the star and bow shock increases, the resulting polarization is suppressed for all the optical depth regimes.
MAXI J1820+070 with NuSTAR – II. Flaring during the hard to soft state transition with a long soft lag
Authors: Buisson D J K , Fabian A C , Gandhi P , Kara E , Parker M L , Shaw A W , Tomsick J A , Walton D J , Wang J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We continue the analysis of NuSTAR data from the recent discovery outburst of MAXI J1820+070 (optical counterpart ASASSN-18ey), focussing on an observation including unusual flaring behaviour during the hard to soft state transition, which is a short phase of outbursts and so comparatively rarely observed. Two plateaus in flux are separated by a variable interval lasting ∼10 ks, which shows dipping then flaring stages. The variability is strongest (with fractional variability up to $F_{\rm Var}\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) at high energies and reduces as the contribution from disc emission becomes stronger. Flux-resolved spectra show that the variability is primarily due to the power-law flux changing. We also find a long soft lag of the thermal behind the power-law emission, which is $20_{-1.2}^{+1.6}$ s during the flaring phase. The lag during the dipping stage has a different lag–energy spectrum, which may be due to a wave passing outwards through the disc. Time-resolved spectral fitting suggests that the lag during the flaring stage may be due to the disc re-filling after being disrupted to produce the power-law flare, perhaps related to the system settling after the jet ejection which occurred around 1 d before. The time-scales of these phenomena imply a low viscosity parameter, α ∼ 10−3, for the inner region of the disc.
Centrally concentrated molecular gas driving galactic-scale ionized gas outflows in star-forming galaxies
Authors: Hogarth L M , Saintonge A , Cortese L , Davis T A , Croom S M , Bland-Hawthorn J , Brough S , Bryant J J , Catinella B , Fletcher T J , Groves B , Lawrence J S , López-Sánchez Á R , Owers M S , Richards S N , Roberts-Borsani G W , Taylor E N , van de Sande J , Scott N 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We perform a joint analysis of high spatial resolution molecular gas and star-formation rate (SFR) maps in main-sequence star-forming galaxies experiencing galactic-scale outflows of ionized gas. Our aim is to understand the mechanism that determines which galaxies are able to launch these intense winds. We observed CO(1→0) at 1-arcsec resolution with ALMA in 16 edge-on galaxies, which also have 2-arcsec spatial-resolution optical integral field observations from the SAMI Galaxy Survey. Half the galaxies in the sample were previously identified as harbouring intense and large-scale outflows of ionized gas (‘outflow types’) and the rest serve as control galaxies. The data set is complemented by integrated CO(1→0) observations from the IRAM 30-m telescope to probe the total molecular gas reservoirs. We find that the galaxies powering outflows do not possess significantly different global gas fractions or star-formation efficiencies when compared with a control sample. However, the ALMA maps reveal that the molecular gas in the outflow-type galaxies is distributed more centrally than in the control galaxies. For our outflow-type objects, molecular gas and star-formation are largely confined within their inner effective radius (reff), whereas in the control sample, the distribution is more diffuse, extending far beyond reff. We infer that outflows in normal star-forming galaxies may be caused by dynamical mechanisms that drive molecular gas into their central regions, which can result in locally enhanced gas surface density and star-formation.