bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of road accessibility for the rural population in the Shikoku Island of Japan using GIS
Authors: Katayama R , Defratti M , Inoue T , Peters L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The United Nations has defined 17 Sustainable Development Goals as a blueprint for helping ensure the health and well-being of our world by 2030. The global goals address challenges we face including poverty, inequality, climate, environmental, peace and prosperity. The goals each have targets and indicators to help measure success. Indicator #9.1.1 is defined as “Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road”, which can aid in understanding multiple areas of human well-being including access to food, health care, education and in support of economic development. By understanding access to infrastructure, we can focus on affordable and equitable access for all. We focused on the Shikoku Island of Japan and calculated indicator #9.1.1 using spatial analysis.

Methods
We utilized data from three sources listed below. Cho-cho-moku boundaries population data from the Esri Japan corporation. Metropolitan Employment Area data from the Center for Spatial Information Science at the University of Tokyo. Emergency transport road data from the MLIT of Japan. We conducted proximity analysis with Geographic Information System (GIS) and estimated population of the target area using the area ratio of the target area to the original Cho-cho-moku area.

Results
The percentage of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road is 79.5% and those who have no access to an all-season road in the Shikoku Island is 20.5%.

Conclusions
We found the proportion of the rural population that cannot reach an all-season road by calculating indicator #9.1.1. 20.5% of the rural population in the Shikoku Island of Japan may have difficulties accessing essential services such as health care, education, food, and may have difficulties with economic development. By understanding accessibility to road infrastructure, we were able to identify areas at risk for access. We can work towards creating more equitable access in a next step.

Key messages
By conducting spatial analysis with GIS, we can identify areas at risk for access to infrastructure. we can focus on creating more affordable and equitable access for all by understanding access to infrastructure such as health care, education and food.
How the Euripid collaboration contributes to affordability of medicinal products
Authors: Habl C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
National authorities for pricing and reimbursement of medicinal products need up-to-date, easy accessible and unbiased information on the availability and prices of medicinal products in their fellow countries. Such information is needed for informed decision making, very often by countries who have an element of external price referencing (EPR) integrated into their national drug policy. EURIPID (www.euripid.eu) is a voluntary, non-profit collaboration between mainly European countries on building up and maintaining a database with information on national prices of medicinal products. It makes prices of price regulated medicinal products more transparent via an on-line accessible, comprehensive, reliable, and easy-to-use database.
Challenges of the database are to bring the numerous products of the currently 28 countries to a common platform in a standardised format and to translate the products and their presentation into English language (especially those who have no centralised EMA marketing authorisation),to present four comparable price types (e.g., to which Danish price type does the British NHS price compare),to calculate or approximate missing price types,to provide additional information allowing to indicate the real price of the product rather than its list price.

Results and lessons learned
The participating countries agreed by online voting to share information on Managed Entry Agreements (or related arrangements) and provide volume information for the reimbursed products in the database. The countries also agreed to provide background information on the national pricing system. In the last EU period the Collaboration developed a Technical Guidance Document on External Price Referencing that regulates in 12 principles the “Do’s and Don’ts of ERP”.
In the new grant period a stakeholder dialogue platform will be established to strengthening the cooperation within the EU in the field of pricing of medicinal products.

Key messages
The Euripid database is a valuable tool that is aiding countries to perform price comparisons for ERP or price monitoring for medicinal products in a standardised format. ERP is still widely used in Europe. The new activities of Euripid (e.g., a website offering information to the public), will contribute to a fair use of ERP and thus improve national decision making.
Employment program graduates of internship of higher education institutions of Kazakhstan
Authors: Abdrakhmanova A , Baigozhina Z , Bekbergenova Z h , Umbetzhanova A , Kabdullina G , Koikov V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Employment of graduates of medical universities is one of the traditional problems of health care in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). The annual graduation of medical universities of RK exceeds 4500 young specialists. Despite this, as well as the positive dynamics of employment, the health care industry continues to experience a shortage of medical personnel.

Methods
To take effective measures to improve the employment performance of graduates of medical education organizations, to cover the shortage of medical personnel, an analysis was made of the employment of graduates of internship programs at 8 medical universities for the period from 2014-15 to 2016-17 school years

Results
For three years, medical schools of RK prepared 12019 people, of whom 8921 people studied under the state and 1343 under the rural grant. The total number of employed was slightly more than half of the graduates-6533, which amounted to 54.4%. At the same time, the number of those employed in urban hospitals is 1.5 times higher than the number of those employed in rural medical organizations. High percentages are persons who have continued their studies in residency/magistracy, and this figure tends to increase every year. The trend towards an increase is maintained by the free distribution index for pregnant women and people caring for children under the age of 3 years, for a total of three years it was 1,452 (12.1%) of a person. At the same time, those employed in rural health facilities are only 19.1% of those who studied under the grant and 31.5% of those who studied according to the rural quota.

Conclusions
Thus, the percentage of employed graduates, as well as graduates who studied under the state and rural grant, barely exceeds 50%. Even the employment of persons trained in rural quotas in rural health care facilities is only 31.5%. Universities do not fully monitor the employment of graduates, especially those who studied under a state or a rural grant.

Key messages
To create and implement an electronic platform with a complete database of students and graduates. To monitor employment and track the graduate’s work route; to organize employment services at universities.
Health promotion, community-campus-local authorities partnership and new health professional profile
Authors: Motamed S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
Meinier is a county near the city of Geneva, Switzerland. Following an initial study aiming to identify its residents’ health needs, the local authority formally engaged our Institute to try to resolve the problems disclosed, which were of socio-economic and psycho-social nature. Our objective was to demonstrate that a collaborative approach to implementing effective intersectorial health promotion works at county level and that there is a need for a new role for public health, working at county level.

Description of the problem
Numerous meetings of the inhabitants gradually developed into a community-wide dialogue, leading them to clearly define their requirements. Old people felt isolated and wished to remain in the village, rather than enter a nursing home elsewhere. Young families could not get established because of a lack of available housing and nonexistent day care facilities for children. Social links between people had diminished. Further difficulties arose from poor mobility.

Effets
Given these findings the inhabitants drew together to develop a more equitable society, in a partnership between the authorities and our Institute. A participative intersectorial approach allowed a global program to be put together, which particularly united housing, urbanism, ecology and mobility. The project, driven completely by community participation, is now in its fourteenth year, its 40 million dollar budget adopted by community vote.

Results
One prominent aspect is the new village center, with its sheltered housing for the elderly, affordable accommodation for young families, child day care, a games library, shops and a restaurant as well as an intergenerational park and living space.

Lessons
The learning and experience gained in terms of community participation and of behavioral and social health determinants has been very important for all concerned.

Key messages
A collaborative approach to implementing effective intersectorial health promotion works at county level. There is a need for a new health professional profile (the county practitionner).
Health promotion among the unemployed: an international systematic review
Authors: Hollederer A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
The interactions between unemployment and health create a need for specific interventions for health promotion and prevention.

Description
This overview provides information on how health promotion for the unemployed has been approached with an analysis of controlled intervention studies between 1996-2016. The literature search consulted 11 international databases in medicine, social sciences and psychology. A total of 30 health interventions for the unemployed were identified, with 43 articles that included the effects of intervention.

Results
A controlled-study design was used in 14 studies. The health promotion measures were generally based on individual counselling, case management, training or group services. The overview demonstrates the breadth of variation in target groups and types of measures. Their result indicators for health and labor market integration vary substantially. Effects are rather moderate or low in magnitude and the effect mechanisms often remain unclear. Effects weaken over time. While success is more common in the areas of health, physical activity, nutrition and stress relief, there was no impact on smoking behavior.

Lessons
A significant evolution can be observed in the quality and quantity of health promotion over time. There is a need for further research on the effectiveness and sustainability of interventions.

Key messages
There is evidence of improved health and labor market integration for established approaches like the JOBS Program and JobFit. Intervention strategies should be developed that take account of the diversity of the unemployed and their different needs.
Impact of community gardens on the sustainability of lifestyles: baseline data of the JArDinS study
Authors: Tharrey M , Perignon M , Scheromm P , Mejean C , Darmon N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Despite growing evidence for the multiple health benefits of community gardening, longitudinal studies based on quantitative data are needed. JArDinS is a quasi-experimental study aimed at assessing the impact of community garden participation in the adoption of more sustainable lifestyles.
Materials and

Methods
Gardeners starting gardening in a community garden in Montpellier (France) were recruited in 2018. Volunteers with no experience in community gardening and matched for age range, gender, household income and household composition were recruited in a control group. A recruitment goal of 80 participants per group was determined to detect a 30% increase in F&V supply in the gardeners group. Participant were issued with three tools: a Food Supply Dairy to collect data on monthly household’s food supply, a triaxial accelerometer to measure physical activity and an online questionnaire on mental and social health, sensitivity to food waste, and connection with nature. Measures have been collected at baseline and will be repeated 12 months later. Data collected are examined conjointly to assess the sustainability of lifestyles in its social/health, environmental and economic dimensions. Change of outcomes after 1 year will be compared between the natural experiment and the control groups, to evaluate the effect of access to a community garden on the sustainability of lifestyles.

Results
A final number of 77 participants per group were enrolled at baseline, which is 4% less the original recruitment goal. Baseline data for the natural experiment group and the control group are currently being analysed and will be presented.

Discussion
This study will provide valuable information about the potential of community gardens to favor sustainable lifestyles, based on a robust quasi-experimental design allowing causality evaluation. Findings could help developing policies toward more sustainable urban planning favoring both human and environmental health.

Key messages
For the first time, the JArDinS study will allow testing, the impact of community gardens on the sustainability of lifestyles. Results will help orient urban planning decisions towards healthier options.
Re-imagining risky health behaviour as salutogenic practice
Authors: Cross R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Much has been written about the problematic risky health practices that some young women in western cultures engage in defined as, for example, drinking alcohol to excess, smoking and taking drugs. Conversely the literature is more limited with regards to the meaning that young women attribute to such ’unhealthy’ practices. Exploring and understanding meaning is important in order to design more effective health promotion interventions.

Methods
This paper will present findings from 22 in-depth interviews with young women aged 18 - 14 years in post-compulsory education who were invited to talk about health and risk. Discourse analysis was used to explore the data drawing on feminist and governmentality perspectives.

Results
The data presented complex constructions of risk taking in health drawing on intertwined discourses of moralism, healthy citizenship, idealised femininity and health as a gendered pursuit. However, the young women also constructed their ’unhealthy’ practices in alternative, more agentic, resistant and philosophical ways.

Conclusions
Based on these latter findings it is proposed that some risky health behaviours should be interpreted as salutogenic rather than pathogenic in nature. Subjective constructions of risky health practices as salutogenic should be taken into account in risk communication strategies and interventions in public health.

Key messages
Exploring and understanding meaning is important in order to design more effective health promotion interventions. Subjective constructions of risky health practices as salutogenic should be taken into account in risk communication strategies and interventions in public health.
Health Promotion: a multidisciplinary analysis of the factors affecting practices of professionals
Authors: Bou Monclús M A , Casamitjà Sot M T , Mallolas Jimenez J , Sunyer Serrat J , Mantas Jimenez S , Turró Garriga O , Ferrer Morell N , de la Peña Torres L , Mir Coll M T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The coordination and degree of involvement of health professionals is essential for the success of the implementation of health promotion programmes.
We belong to a regional multidisciplinary research group on Health Promotion. The aim of this study was to better ascertain how to empower the health professionals and general population.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted among doctors, pharmacists, nurses, psychologists and veterinarians between March 2017 and December 2018. Six focus groups, with 32 women and 20 men purposively selected, were formed to determine the barriers and facilitators for the implementation of Health Promotion in their daily work and to assess their recommendations. Theoretical saturation was reached, and validity of the study was ensured by triangulation.

Results
The main barriers were: lack of training on Health Promotion which led to demotivation and distrust of own capacities, work overloaded and not valued neither by colleagues nor institutions, weak coordination between care and professional levels, inexistence of common guidelines, a health model based on disease and not addressing the social determinants of health, and, finally, legislation not being adequate. Volunteering, motivation and commitment of professionals were the most outstanding facilitators. Participants highlighted the need for all health professionals to be trained and to improve the budget for Health Promotion. They proposed that all health-related university degrees should incorporate a subject on Health Promotion. Likewise, better coordination between care and different professional levels is required, and the existing legislation should be enhanced for better promoting health.

Conclusions
The Health in All Policies approach should be provided with enough resources and consider all health disciplines. Further multidisciplinary studies are needed to make the system more people-centred.

Key messages
More training of health professionals’ skills and improved budget are required to implement health in all policies. Health Promotion policies need coordination and multidisciplinary guidelines.
Age-related and seasonal change in serum osmolarity and water intake in a healthy population
Authors: Nishikawa T , Miyamatsu N , Higashiyama A , Nishida Y , Kubota Y , Hirata T , Sugiyama D , Kuwabara K , Miyamoto Y , Okamura T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and aim
Few studies have clarified the seasonal and age-related change of serum osmolarity and water intake, which is thought to be associated with heat stroke and ischemic stroke. We investigated the association between them in a healthy population.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using database from Kobe Orthopedic and Biomedical Epidemiologic (KOBE) Study. Among 1138 healthy Japanese participants in the baseline survey, 1010 (women 704 and men 306) participants were eligible for the present study. Daily non-alcohol drink (NAD) intake was estimated according to food frequency questionnaire. Alcohol beverage and water in the meal or soup were excluded from the counting. Serum osmolarity (Osm/L) was calculated by Worthley’s formula: 2 (serum sodium (mEq/L)) + (blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL))/2.8 + (glucose (mg/dL))/18. The seasons the surveys were conducted were categorized into 4 groups, March-May (Spring), June-August (Summer), September-November (Autumn), and December-February (Winter). The association between serum osmolarity and daily NAD intake was analyzed using linear regression models.

Results
The seasonal change was observed in the serum osmolarity and daily NAD intake; serum osmolarity increased in spring and summer and daily NAD intake increased in summer. The serum osmolarity increased by aging in any seasons, while daily water intake didn’t. There was no significant association observed between serum osmolarity and the daily NAD intake, even after adjusting for sex, age, and season.

Conclusions
Serum osmolarity showed seasonal and age-related changes, but the serum osmolarity in subjects who had the daily habit of high NAD intake was not necessarily low.

Key messages
Serum osmolarity increased by aging and in spring and summer. Serum osmolarity was not associated with non-alcohol drink intake.
Measuring health literacy: performance-based versus perception-based measures
Authors: Lorini C , Lastrucci V , Bonaccorsi G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Many performance-based or perception-based measurement tools of health literacy (HL) have been developed. The aim of this study is to compare the results of performance-based versus perception-based measures of HL in a population-based sample in Florence (Italy).

Methods
223 subjects were interviewed. To measure HL, HLS-EU-Q16 (perception-based measure of general HL) and NVS (performance-based measure of functional HL) were used. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected.

Results
The majority of the subjects had high school (36%) or university (44%) degree and gets to the end of the month quite or very easily with financial resources available (69%). Considering age classes, 22% was 18-45, 26% 46-55, 34% 56-65, 18% 66-70 year-old. According to HLS-EU-Q16, 11.8% had inadequate, 55.5% problematic and 33% sufficient HL; considering NVS, 11.7% had high likelihood of limited HL, 28.7% possibility of limited HL, 59.6% adequate HL.
The percentage of people with low HL was higher for HLS-EU-Q16 than for NVS in each category of age class, educational level, and financial resources. For both measures, the percentage of people with low HL increased with age, becoming more similar for older people: for HLS-EU-Q16, from 59.2% for 18-45 to 78.4% for &gt;65 years old; for NVS, from 20% for 18-45 to 67.5% for &gt;65 years old. Similar results were observed for educational level and financial resources: for both tests, the percentage of people with low HL increased with the decreasing of educational level or financial resources; for the worst situations (less than high school diploma or having not enough financial resources), the percentage of people with low HL become similar comparing the two tests.

Conclusions
Perception-based measure of general HL and performance-based measure of functional HL investigate different aspects, but in the worst situations (older people, low educational level and not enough financial resources) they tend to produce the same result.

Key messages
Perception-based measure of general HL and performance-based measure of functional HL investigate different aspects. In the worst situations (older people, low educational level and not enough financial resources) they tend to produce the same result.