bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Requirements of Male Academy Soccer Players from the English Premier League
Authors: HANNON MARCUS P. , PARKER LLOYD J. F. , CARNEY DANIEL J. , MCKEOWN JOHN , SPEAKMAN JOHN R. , HAMBLY CATHERINE , DRUST BARRY , UNNITHAN VISWANATH B. , CLOSE GRAEME L. , MORTON JAMES P. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to inform the energy requirements of highly trained adolescent soccer players. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was quantified in academy soccer players from the English Premier League (EPL).

Methods
Twenty-four male adolescent soccer players from an EPL academy (under (U) 12/13 (U12/13), n = 8; U15, n = 8; U18, n = 8) were assessed for baseline maturity (maturity offset), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry). Subsequently, TEE, energy intake (EI) and physical loading patterns were assessed over a 14-d in-season period using doubly labeled water, the remote food photographic method, and global positioning system technology, respectively.

Results
U18 players presented with greater resting metabolic rate (2236 ± 93 kcal·d−1) and TEE (3586 ± 487 kcal·d−1; range, 2542–5172 kcal·d−1) than did both U15 (2023 ± 162 and 3029 ± 262 kcal·d−1, respectively; TEE range, 2738–3726 kcal·d−1) and U12/13 players (1892 ± 211 and 2859 ± 265 kcal·d−1, respectively; TEE range, 2275–3903 kcal·d−1; all, P < 0.01), although no difference in TEE was apparent between the U12/13 and U15 age groups. Fat-free mass was significantly different between all comparisons in a hierarchal manner (U18: 57.2 ± 6.1 kg > U15: 42.9 ± 5.8 kg > U12/13: 31.1 ± 3.5 kg; all, P < 0.01). Within age groups, no differences were apparent between EI and TEE (U12/13: −29 ± 277 kcal·d−1, P = 0.78; U15: −134 ± 327 kcal·d−1, P = 0.28; U18: −243 ± 724 kcal·d−1, P = 0.37), whereas U18 players (3180 ± 279 kcal·d−1) reported higher EI than did both U15 (2821 ± 338 kcal·d−1; P = 0.05) and U12/13 players (2659 ± 187 kcal·d−1; P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The TEE of male academy soccer players progressively increase as players progress through the academy age groups. In some individuals (evident in all age groups), TEE was greater than that previously observed in adult EPL soccer players.
CCL2 and IL18 expressions may associate with the anti-proliferative effect of noncontact electro capacitive cancer therapy in vivo
Authors: Pratiwi Rarastoeti , Antara Nyoman Yudi , Fadliansyah Lalu Gunawan , Ardiansyah Syamsul Arif , Nurhidayat Luthfi , Sholikhah Eti Nurwening , Sunarti Sunarti , Widyarini Sitarina , Fadhlurrahman Ahmad Ghitha , Fatmasari Hindana , Tunjung Woro Anindito Sri , Haryana Sofia Mubarika , Alamsyah Firman , Taruno Warsito Purwo 
Published: July 2020

Background: Noncontact Electro Capacitive Cancer Therapy (ECCT) is a novel treatment modality in cancer. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has a major role in the outgrowth of metastatic breast cancer. Interleukin 18 (IL18) plays a role in macrophage alteration, which leads to excessive angiogenesis. This study aims to elaborate on the association of CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) expression with the anti-proliferative effect of ECCT in rat breast tumor tissue. Methods: Low intensity (18 Vpp) and intermediate frequency (150 kHz) alternating current-electric field (AC-EF) between two capacitive electrodes were exposed as external EF to a rat cage. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups of six replicates. Breast tumor tissues were collected from 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rats. Two groups were non DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (NINT) and with (NIT). The other two groups were DMBA-induced rats without ECCT exposure (INT) and with (IT). Mammary glands and breast tumor tissues were collected from each group and preserved. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry staining were performed on paraffin sections of tissues using anti-PCNA, anti-ErbB2, anti-Caspase3, and anti-CD68. CCL2, IL18, IL23α, and TNF-α mRNA relative expressions were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: ECCT exposure may cause the reduction of PCNA protein expression as well as ErbB2 on breast tumor tissues, but it causes the increase of Caspase3 and macrophage CD68 protein. In rat breast tumor tissues of IT groups, the mRNA expression of CCL2 and IL18 are significantly down-regulated, in contrast with the up-regulated expression of these cytokines in tumor tissues of the INT group. IL23α and TNF- α expression remained similar in both groups. Conclusion: CCL2 and IL18 expressions have an association with the inhibition of breast tumor cell proliferation affected by ECCT exposure
Methods used to meta-analyse results from interrupted time series studies: A methodological systematic review protocol
Authors: Korevaar Elizabeth , Karahalios Amalia , Forbes Andrew B. , Turner Simon L. , McDonald Steve , Taljaard Monica , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Cheng Allen C. , Bero Lisa , McKenzie Joanne E. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Systematic reviews are used to inform healthcare decision making. In reviews that aim to examine the effects of organisational, policy change or public health interventions, or exposures, evidence from interrupted time series (ITS) studies may be included. A core component of many systematic reviews is meta-analysis, which is the statistical synthesis of results across studies. There is currently a lack of guidance informing the choice of meta-analysis methods for combining results from ITS studies, and there have been no studies examining the meta-analysis methods used in practice. This study therefore aims to describe current meta-analysis methods used in a cohort of reviews of ITS studies. Methods: We will identify the 100 most recent reviews (published between 1 January 2000 and 11 October 2019) that include meta-analyses of ITS studies from a search of eight electronic databases covering several disciplines (public health, psychology, education, economics). Study selection will be undertaken independently by two authors. Data extraction will be undertaken by one author, and for a random sample of the reviews, two authors. From eligible reviews we will extract details at the review level including discipline, type of interruption and any tools used to assess the risk of bias / methodological quality of included ITS studies; at the meta-analytic level we will extract type of outcome, effect measure(s), meta-analytic methods, and any methods used to re-analyse the individual ITS studies. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarise the data. Conclusions: This review will describe the methods used to meta-analyse results from ITS studies. Results from this review will inform future methods research examining how different meta-analysis methods perform, and ultimately, the development of guidance.
Estimating the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Onwuchekwa Chukwuemeka , Edem Bassey , Williams Victor , Oga Emmanuel 
Published: July 2020

Background: This study aimed to summarise the evidence on the impact of routine administration of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumonia in children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted including primary research reporting on the impact of 10- or 13-valent pneumococcal vaccines on childhood pneumonia in a sub-Saharan African country. Case-control, cohort, pre-post and time-series study designs were eligible for inclusion. Thematic narrative synthesis was carried out to summarise the findings. Results: Eight records were included in the final analysis, 6 records were pre-post or time-series studies, 1 was a case-control study and 1 report combined pre-post and case-control studies. Vaccine impact on clinical pneumonia measured as percentage reduction in risk (%RR) was mostly non-significant. The reduction in risk was more consistent in radiological and pneumococcal pneumonia. Conclusions: Evidence of the positive impact of routine infant pneumococcal vaccination on clinical pneumonia incidence in sub-Saharan Africa is inconclusive. Ongoing surveillance and further research is required to establish the long term trend in pneumonia epidemiology and aetiology after PCV introduction. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019142369 30/09/19
Case Report: Co-existence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Poudel Jiwan , Risal Ujjwol , Sigdel Keshav Raj , Paudyal Buddhi Prasad , Adhikari Sudeep , Basnyat Buddha 
Published: July 2020

Takayasu arteritis is a rare systemic large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. Sarcoidosis, too, is an inflammatory disease. Both entities are granulomatous conditions with a questionable association in their etiopathogenesis. Only a few cases of their coexistence have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, no such cases have been reported from Nepal. We report a Nepalese woman who presented with non-productive cough, progressive shortness of breath and chest tightness of 3 years duration. She had a history of recurrent bilateral granulomatous uveitis over the previous 3 years. Examination revealed clubbing of digits, absent pulses over the left radial, ulnar and brachial arteries, and a weak pulse over the right arm including the bilateral carotid arteries. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern, a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest revealed findings suggestive of pulmonary sarcoidosis. A CT angiogram suggested large vessel vasculitis. Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation, negative for malignancy and tuberculosis. She was hence, diagnosed with co-existing Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis, and treated with Prednisolone 60 mg once daily with dramatic improvement over 4 days and was discharged stable on domiciliary oxygen. She is currently on azathioprine 50 mg, prednisolone 10 mg without the need for supplemental oxygen. This case report highlights the importance of a proper physical examination as a guide to the use of modern technology in making a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, in countries where tuberculosis is endemic, it should always come as the most important differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation.
OLHAR “NATIVO” E “ESTRANGEIRO”: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DO CINEMA NO COMPLEXO DO ALEMÃO
Authors: CAVALCANTE EDILANO MOREIRA 
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Trata-se de uma Análise de dois filmes brasileiros, gravados no mesmo ano sobre o Complexo do Alemão, no Rio de Janeiro, porém com olhares cinematográficos representativos distintos, aqui chamados de “nativo” e “estrangeiro”. Analisaremos os filmes Copa Pra Alemão ver (2014) dirigido e roteirizado por um grupo de jovens moradores do Complexo do Alemão, e o filme Alemão (2014) dirigido pelo cineasta Eduardo Belmonte e roteirizado por Gabriel Martins, com intuito de entender como se constrói uma narrativa cinematográfica sobre determinado local, a partir dos olhares externos, aqui chamado de estrangeiro e o olhar interno, aqui chamado de nativo
Fast volumetric fluorescence imaging with multimode fibers
Authors: Wen Zhong , Wang Liqiang , Zhang Xuanhao , Ma Yaoguang , Liu Xu , Kaminski Clemens F. , Yang Qing 
Published: July 2020

In this Letter, we propose a compact multimode fiber endoscope which
employs wavefront shaping with a digital micromirror device (DMD). An
automated single calibration step allows us to correct for optical
misalignment, and the method achieves accurate focusing at various
depths in the sample through rapid switching of holographic patterns
by the DMD. The speed of calibration is one or two orders of magnitude
faster than existing methods. The method, single calibration multimode
fiber imaging (SCMFI), is compared with existing methods, and its
performance is validated. We show a near diffraction limited focusing
capability at imaging depths up to 110 µm with near constant lateral
resolutions of 1.4 µm. Finally, we demonstrate the method for the
imaging of small fluorescent beads embedded in a 3D matrix. The
results indicate excellent power penetration and focusing performance.
Combined with the high speed of SCMFI, this paves the way for
volumetric tissue endoscopy at depth.
Nivolumab in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Safety Profile and Select Treatment-Related Adverse Events From the CheckMate 040 Study
Authors: Julien Karen , Leung Hiu Tung , Fuertes Carmen , Mori Megumi , Wang Miao-Jen , Teo Jocelyn , Weiss Lisa , Hamilton Sara , DiFebo Holly , Noh Yoon Jin , Galway Aralee , Koh Jane , Brutcher Edith , Zhao Huanyu , Shen Yun , Tschaika Marina , To Yue-Yun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
CheckMate 040 assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding the safety profile of nivolumab is needed to support the management of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). This analysis assessed the safety of nivolumab monotherapy in the phase I/II, open-label CheckMate 040 study.

Materials and Methods
Select TRAEs (sTRAEs; TRAEs with potential immunologic etiology requiring more frequent monitoring) occurring between first dose and 30 days after last dose were analyzed in patients in the dose-escalation and -expansion phases. Time to onset (TTO), time to resolution (TTR), and recurrence of sTRAEs were assessed, and the outcome of treatment with immune-modulating medication (IMM) was evaluated.

Results
The analysis included 262 patients. The most common sTRAE was skin (35.5%), followed by gastrointestinal (14.5%) and hepatic (14.1%) events; the majority were grade 1/2, with 10.7% of patients experiencing grade 3/4 events. One patient had grade 5 pneumonitis. Median (range) TTO ranged from 3.6 (0.1–59.9) weeks for skin sTRAEs to 47.6 (47.1–48.0) weeks for renal sTRAEs. Overall, 68% of sTRAEs resolved, with median (range) TTR ranging from 3.7 (0.1–123.3+) weeks for gastrointestinal sTRAEs to 28.4 (0.1–79.1) weeks for endocrine sTRAEs. Most gastrointestinal and all hepatic events resolved with treatment in accordance with established toxicity management algorithms. In 57 patients (40%), sTRAEs were managed with IMM. Reoccurrence of sTRAEs was uncommon following rechallenge with nivolumab.

Conclusion
Nivolumab demonstrated a manageable safety profile in this analysis of patients with advanced HCC. A majority of sTRAEs resolved with treatment.
Chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in Nigeria: challenges of management
Authors: Asoegwu Chinyere N. , Oladele Rita O. , Kanu Okezie O. , Nwawolo Clement C. 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis affects mainly immunocompetent patients and has been widely reported in tropical regions such as South East Asia and North Africa. Nigeria has a tropical climate, however, there is paucity of data on this disease condition in Nigeria. This study documents the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic challenges of managing patients with this condition in Nigeria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study of patients diagnosed and treated for chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis between 2010 and 2019. Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation, computed tomographic scan findings and confirmed by histopathology and/or microbiology results. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Ten patients aged 12 to 49 years with mean age of 33.9±13.8 years were studied. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1. All were immunocompetent. Duration of symptoms before presentation ranged from 3 months to 8 years with a mean duration of 3.5±2.4 years. Commonest clinical presentation was unilateral proptosis 80% followed by nasal mass 50%. Commonest sinus involved was the ethmoid (80%). There was orbital extension in 70% and intracranial involvement in 50%. Aspergillus species was the commonest fungal agent cultured. Treatment was by surgical excision followed by antifungal drugs. Some of the challenges we encountered in the management included; late presentation, delay in diagnosis, limited experience in histopathologic and mycology diagnosis and high cost of treatment amidst scarce resource.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic invasive granulomatous rhinosinusitis is not rare in Nigeria. A high index of suspicion is however needed for the diagnosis. Development of a National management protocol for this disease is recommended to avoid misdiagnosis.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Prevalence of aminoglycoside therapy and other determinant factors that induce hearing loss in neonates
Authors: Hamad Nassor R. , Andrajati Retnosari , Mutiara Rina , Kaban Risma Kerina , Das Rajesh Kumar 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hearing loss is the most common disorder in neonates; it can be best managed if it is diagnosed at early stage of life. The global prevalence of permanent neonatal hearing loss mainly occurs in developing countries, which accounts 0.5 to 5.0 per 1000 live births. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of aminoglycoside therapy and other risk factors that induce hearing loss in neonates admitted at NICU at Cipto-Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a case-control study conducted among 112 neonates at Cipto-Mangunkusumo General Hospital (CMGH). Data from neonatal hearing screening were retrospectively collected from hospital electronic medical records and medical files. Only patients treated at neonatal unit from November 2018 to October 2019 were recruited. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 112 neonates studied, the gestational age at birth (GA) and craniofacial anomalies were considered risk factors for hearing loss since they were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). The study showed no statistical significant association in gender, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, NICU stay period (&gt;5 days), hyperbilirubinemia (&gt;20 mg/dl), asphyxia, and aminoglycoside therapy (p&gt;0.05).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The prevalence of hearing loss in neonates with lower gestational age less than 37 weeks and craniofacial anomalies are significant higher compare to neonates born full term. They are more associated with 3 and 6 times increased risk of hearing loss in neonates.</p>
Recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of head and neck with fibrosarcomatous change: a challenge for the head and neck surgeon
Authors: Ramamourthy Balaji , Arora Kanika , Thirunavukkarasu Balamurugan , Ramavat Anurag S. , Bal Amanjit 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract">Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of head and neck is a rare, slow growing, intermediate to low grade malignant soft tissue neoplasm with high rates of local recurrence requiring multiple surgeries posing great distress for both the patient and treating physician alike. Fibrasarcomatous change is a very rare occurrence in such tumors increasing risk of distant metastasis. We report such a rare case of recurrent DFSP with fibrosarcomatous change of the head and neck region, the management protocol and the key points a surgeon should keep in mind while treating such patients.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Palestine and the Habeas Viscus
Authors: Alijla Abdalhadi 
Published: July 2020

Borders have been a political tool to control, manipulate and affect the lives and movements of individual and groups. These borders can also work as barriers designed to discriminate against specific ethnic, religious, or linguistic groups and individuals for political reasons. In specific cases, borders can create an entire generation of exception, where the lives of a particular age group matter less than others. Palestinians in Gaza have been living in a state of exception, where their lives have been animalized and constrained both within the Gaza Strip and also outside the Gaza Strip, at border points of entry in many places. This paper is an autoethnography of the lives of Palestinians as a state of exception, visa violence, airports and borders. Borrowing Weheliye’s concept of habeas viscus, the paper examines and describes experiences such as visa applications, rejections, travel, and encounters with border officials. The article starts with describing the state of exception of Gazans who were born and grew up under Israeli occupation. The paper then examines and analyzes the process and ritual of traveling as a quasi-citizen through various border points of entry. This article is an anthropological narrative of how a continuous state of exception turns individuals into homo sacer.
Fréquences alléliques de la caséine αS1 chez les boucs d’insémination de race Alpine et Saanen de 1975 à 1994
Authors: RICORDEAU G. , MANFREDI E. , PIACERE A. , AMIGUES Y. 
Published: July 2020

Les fréquences alléliques en caséine αS1 ont été calculées à partir des 761 boucs d’IA nés de 1975 à 1994, dont 483 Alpins et 278 Saanen. Dans ces 2 races, le même schéma de sélection a entraîné une évolution différente des fréquences alléliques. Chez les boucs Alpins de testage et améliorateurs, la fréquence de l’allèle "fort" A n’a cessé d’augmenter (0,70 en 1994) aux dépens des allèles E et F. Chez les boucs Saanen, l’allèle E reste majoritaire et a même tendance à augmenter (0,69 en 1994) aux dépens de l’allèle F, alors que la fréquence de l’allèle A augmente peu. L’allèle "fort" B est rare dans les 2 races, mais tend à se fixer en race Alpine, alors que l’allèle "fort" C absent en race Saanen, tend à disparaître en race Alpine. Cette évolution moins favorable à la Saanen, s’explique par une plus faible fréquence initiale des allèles "forts", un effet défavorable du prétestage - reproduction, un niveau de sélection plus faible pour le taux de protéines, et des effectifs plus réduits. Cette évolution doit être corrigée si l’on souhaite améliorer la richesse en protéines vraies et protéines coagulables du lait des chèvres Saanen.
COVID-19 pathophysiology may be driven by a loss of inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Authors: Rysz Susanne , Al-Saadi Jonathan , Sjöström Anna , Farm Maria , Jalde Francesca Campoccia , Plattén Michael , Eriksson Helen , Klein Margareta , Vargas-Paris Roberto , Nyrén Sven , Abdula Goran , Ouellette Russell , Granberg Tobias , Fagerlund Malin Jonsson , Lundberg Johan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell through the ACE2 receptor, which is considered one of the main inhibitors in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS).1​ ,2 The virus has been shown to downregulate the ACE2 receptor, leading to a subsequent increase in the vasopressoragentangiotensinII.3​ Evidently,criticalcoronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19)is thought to be due to a dysregulated immune response, causing a cytokine-release syndrome eventually leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).4​ ,5 ​However, several reports on clinical laboratory features and case-descriptions of critically ill patients with COVID-19 show discrepancies compared to typical ARDS. Here, we show that infusing swines with angiotensin II induces a pathophysiological syndrome closely resembling that of patients with RT-PCR-positive COVID-19. By using multimodal clinical imaging of patients, comparing laboratory data and translational histological features, we show that it is highly likely that an increase in RAAS is one, if not the main, pathogenic feature in critical COVID-19. Furthermore, it is plausible that this large animal model can be used to screen for potential new treatments for patients with severe COVID-19 and that MRI lung perfusion can be used to evaluate the outcome of potential treatments targeting the pathophysiological syndrome.