bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection status in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Rao Wei , Xie Man , Zang Yun‐jin , Zhi Ke‐qian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract in liver transplant (LT) recipients, especially the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), and to explore the efficacy and safety of H pylori eradication treatment.MethodsEndoscopic screening was performed prospectively on LT recipients who received regular follow‐up in our center. A group of healthy subjects with same age and sex was selected as a control group at a ratio of 1:3 with propensity score matching. All H pylori‐positive recipients received Bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole 20 mg + clarithromycin 500 mg + amoxicillin 1 g + bismuth 220 mg, all of the medicines were applied twice daily, for 14 days).ResultThe prevalence of H pylori infection was significantly lower in LT group than control group [12/102 (11.8%) vs 98/306 (32.0%), P < .001], whereas the prevalence of CAG was similar between the two groups [48/102 (47.1%) vs 138/306 (45.1%), P = .731]. Meanwhile, the incidence of reflux esophagitis [18/102 (17.6%) vs 31/306 (10.1%), P = .043] and bile regurgitation [19/102 (18.6%) vs 30/306 (9.8%), P = .018] were higher in LT group. No correlation between the incidence of upper gastroduodenal abnormalities and postoperative time after liver transplantation was found. The success rate of H pylori eradication therapy was 100% (10/10). The blood concentration of immunosuppressants was 1.7‐3.6 times above baseline values during H pylori eradication therapy; however, no severe adverse effects were observed during the proceed with dose adjustments of the immunosuppressants.ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of H pylori infection was lower in LT recipients than in control subjects, the prevalence of CAG was like that of the general population. H pylori eradication therapy was safe and effective after liver transplantation in our preliminary study.
Establishment of a reference interval for a novel viscoelastic coagulometer and comparison with thromboelastography in healthy cats
Authors: Rosati Tommaso , Jandrey Karl E. , Burges Julie W. , Kent Michael S. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundViscoelastic analysis provides information on the dynamics and strength of clot formation as well as clot stability. A novel point‐of‐care viscoelastic test (Viscoelastic Coagulation Monitor Vet, VCM Vet) could be more cost‐effective, simpler to use, and more portable than thromboelastography (TEG).ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to establish a feline reference interval (RI) for the VCM Vet. A secondary aim was to compare VCM Vet analysis with TEG in healthy cats.MethodsFifty‐six healthy cats were enrolled in this study. Linear regression was completed to determine whether age and CBC parameters were associated with the VCM Vet parameters and if TEG parameters were correlated with VCM Vet data. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.ResultsFifty‐three VCM Vet tracings were used to determine RIs for healthy cats. The determined RIs were: clot time (CT) 104‐438 seconds; clot formation time (CFT) 104.5‐488 seconds; alpha angle (AA) 30.5°‐70°; a10 13.8‐32.7 VCM units; a20 19.2‐40.1 VCM units; maximum clot formation (MCF) 22.5‐44.8 VCM units; Lysis Index 30 (Li30) 92.9%‐100.9%; and Lysis Index 45 (Li45) 92%‐100%. Linear regression identified a strong positive correlation between the CT and R‐time measured using the VCM Vet and TEG methods, respectively; no other parameters were correlated.ConclusionsThe use of VCM Vet is feasible in cats, and we determined the first described feline RIs for this test. In general, the VCM Vet data did not correlate with TEG in healthy cats.
Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional countrywide study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kaboré Seydou , Millogo Tieba , Soubeiga Joseph Kouesyandé , Lanou Hermann , Bicaba Brice , Kouanda Seni 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in Burkina Faso using a population-based countrywide sample. We hypothesise that there is a significant burden related to overweight/obesity in Burkina Faso.DesignSecondary analysis of a population-based countrywide cross-sectional study.SettingBurkina Faso, all the 13 regions including both rural and urban residential areas.Participants4800 participants of both sexes, aged between 25 and 64 years.Main outcomesOverweight and obesity using body mass index cut-off levels of the WHO.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity in Burkina Faso were 13.82% (95% CI: 12.25 to 15.55) and 4.84% (95% CI: 3.99 to 5.86), respectively. Among men, the proportional odds of overweight/obesity increase with urban residency (p<0.001), greater age (p<0.002), marital status different from single (p≤0.007) and decrease with current smoking (p=0.009). Among women, the proportional odds of overweight/obesity increase with urban residency (p<0.001), primary educational level (p=0.01), high total blood cholesterol level (p<0.001) and high fasting blood glucose level (p=0.02), and decrease with current smoking (p<0.001).ConclusionOur study showed that nearly one person out of five in the adult population of Burkina has an abnormal weight status with women being more affected than men. Urban residency is a consistent risk factor in both men and women. Alcohol consumption and education were associated with an increased odds in only women. Overnutrition needs to be recognised as an important public health issue in Burkina Faso and nutrition interventions need to be reshaped to account for it.
Perioperative cannabis use: a longitudinal study of associated clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes
Authors: McAfee Jenna , Boehnke Kevin F , Moser Stephanie M , Brummett Chad M , Waljee Jennifer F , Bonar Erin E 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundDespite increases in cannabis use generally and for pain management, data regarding cannabis use in patients undergoing surgery are lacking. This study examined the prevalence of cannabis use among patients undergoing elective surgery and explored differences in clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes between cannabis users and non-cannabis users.MethodsThis prospective study included 1335 adults undergoing elective surgery. Participants completed self-report questionnaires preoperative and at 3-month and 6-month postsurgery to assess clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes.ResultsOverall, 5.9% (n=79) of patients reported cannabis use (53.2% medical, 19.0% recreational and 25.3% medical and recreational). On the day of surgery, cannabis users reported worse pain, more centralized pain symptoms, greater functional impairment, higher fatigue, greater sleep disturbances and more symptoms of anxiety and depression versus non-cannabis users (all p<0.01). Additionally, a larger proportion of cannabis users reported opioid (27.9%) and benzodiazepine use (19.0%) compared with non-cannabis users (17.5% and 9.2%, respectively). At 3 and 6 months, cannabis users continued to report worse clinical symptoms; however, both groups showed improvement across most domains (p≤0.05). At 6 months, the groups did not differ on surgical outcomes, including surgical site pain (p=0.93) or treatment efficacy (p=0.88).ConclusionsCannabis use is relatively low in this surgical population, yet cannabis users have higher clinical pain, poorer scores on quality of life indicators, and higher opioid use before and after surgery. Cannabis users reported similar surgical outcomes, suggesting that cannabis use did not impede recovery.
Constraints on Hořava–Lifshitz gravity from GRB 170817A
Authors: Zhang Tao , Shu Fu-Wen , Tang Qing-Wen , Du Dong-Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work we focus on a toy model: ($$3+1$$

3
+
1

)-dimensional Hořava–Lifshitz gravity coupling with an anisotropic electromagnetic (EM) field which is generated through a Kaluza-Klein reduction of a ($$4+1$$

4
+
1

)-dimensional Hořava–Lifshitz gravity. This model exhibits a remarkable feature that it has the same velocity for both gravitational and electromagnetic waves. This feature makes it possible to restrict the parameters of the theory from GRB 170817A. In this work we use this feature to discuss possible constraints on the parameter $$\beta $$
β
in the theory, by analyzing the possible Lorentz invariance violation effect of the GRB 170817A. This is achieved by analyzing potential time delay of gamma-ray photons in this event. It turns out that it places a stringent constraint on this parameter. In the most ideal case, it gives $$|1-\sqrt{\beta }|<(10^{-19}-10^{-18})$$

|
1
-

β

|
<

(

10

-
19

-

10

-
18

)

.
Using Network Pharmacology for Systematic Understanding of Geniposide in Ameliorating Inflammatory Responses in Colitis Through Suppression of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophage by AMPK/Sirt1 Dependent Signaling
Authors: Pu Zhichen , Liu Yanhao , Li Chao , Xu Moadi , Xie Haitang , Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2020

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease mediated by immune response. Geniposide is the main active ingredient extracted from Gardenia jasminoides, which has been suggested to exert excellent efficacy on inflammatory disease. Herein, in this study, we aimed to uncover the systematic understanding of the mechanism and effects of geniposide in ameliorating inflammatory responses in colitis. In brief, the TCMSP server and GEO DataSets were used to analyze the systematic understanding of the mechanism and effects of geniposide in ameliorating inflammatory responses in colitis. Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis of mice were administered with 25–100[Formula: see text]mg/kg of geniposide for 7 days by gavage. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Bone Marrow Derived Macrophage (BMDM) cell or RAW264.7 cell models were treated with 20, 50 and 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M of geniposide for 4[Formula: see text]h. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and Interleukin-1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text] levels were measured using MPO activity kits and IL-1[Formula: see text] levels enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, respectively. Additionally, Western blot was used to determine the relevant protein expression. As a result, Geniposide could ameliorate inflammatory responses and prevent colitis in DSS-induced acute colitis of mice by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Transcription 1 (Sirt1) dependent signaling via the suppression of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Geniposide attenuated macrophage differentiation in DSS-induced acute colitis of mice. Geniposide suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome and induced AMPK/Sirt1 signaling in LPS-induced BMDM cell or RAW264.7 cell models. In mechanism studies, the inhibition of AMPK/Sirt1 attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of geniposide in colitis. The activation of NLRP3 attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of geniposide in colitis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that geniposide ameliorated inflammatory responses in colitis vai the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages by AMPK/Sirt1-dependent signaling.
Decoration of Ni/C with Small Amounts of Pd and Au for Allyl Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Lei Shuangshuang , Xu Mengmeng , Jin Changchun 
Published: November 2020

The decoration of the surface of Ni nanoparticles supported on carbon black with Pd and Au and the electrooxidation of allyl alcohol on the Au/Pd/Ni/C catalysts in alkaline solution have been investigated. The decoration of Ni/C is performed by the electrochemical deposition of a small amount of Pd and then Au on Ni/C, and the Aux/Pdy/Ni100/C catalysts with the (x+y):100 atomic ratios of less then 4.5 (0.2 < x < 1.2 and 0.6 < y < 3.1) are prepared. Characterizations of Au/Pd/Ni/C reveal a uniform dispersion of the metal nanoparticles on carbon black and a low coverage of Au and Pd on the Ni nanoparticle surface. Au/Pd/Ni/C behaves more similar to Pd/C than Au/C in allyl alcohol oxidation, and the catalytic activity of Au/Pd/Ni/C depends on the amounts of Pd and Au, with Au0.9/Pd2.2/Ni100/C exhibiting the highest activity. Besides Pd and Au, the Ni nanoparticles also play important roles in the activity of Au/Pd/Ni/C, although Ni itself has no catalytic activity. The lack of any one of Pd, Au and Ni leads to low catalytic activity, indicating the synergy among the three metals. The result is helpful for preparing ternary electrocatalysts by the surface decoration.
Identification of a Synthetic Lethal Relationship between Nucleotide Excision Repair Deficiency and Irofulven Sensitivity in Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Börcsök Judit , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Bekele Raie , Gao Sizhi P. , Diossy Miklos , Samant Amruta S. , Dillon Kasia M. , Tisza Viktoria , Spisák Sándor , Rusz Orsolya , Csabai Istvan , Pappot Helle , Frazier Zoë J. , Konieczkowski David J. , Liu David , Vasani Naresh , Rodrigues James A. , Solit David B. , Hoffman-Censits Jean H. , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Lazaro Jean-Bernard , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Iyer Gopa , Brunak Søren , Lozsa Rita , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Szüts Dávid , Mouw Kent W. , Szallasi Zoltan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for muscle-invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer. Approximately 10% of bladder urothelial tumors have a somatic missense mutation in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) gene, ERCC2, which confers increased sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, a significant subset of patients is ineligible to receive cisplatin-based therapy due to medical contraindications, and no NER-targeted approaches are available for platinum-ineligible or platinum-refractory ERCC2-mutant cases.

Experimental Design:
We used a series of NER-proficient and NER-deficient preclinical tumor models to test sensitivity to irofulven, an abandoned anticancer agent. In addition, we used available clinical and sequencing data from multiple urothelial tumor cohorts to develop and validate a composite mutational signature of ERCC2 deficiency and cisplatin sensitivity.

Results:
We identified a novel synthetic lethal relationship between tumor NER deficiency and sensitivity to irofulven. Irofulven specifically targets cells with inactivation of the transcription-coupled NER (TC-NER) pathway and leads to robust responses in vitro and in vivo, including in models with acquired cisplatin resistance, while having minimal effect on cells with intact NER. We also found that a composite mutational signature of ERCC2 deficiency was strongly associated with cisplatin response in patients and was also associated with cisplatin and irofulven sensitivity in preclinical models.

Conclusions:
Tumor NER deficiency confers sensitivity to irofulven, a previously abandoned anticancer agent, with minimal activity in NER-proficient cells. A composite mutational signature of NER deficiency may be useful in identifying patients likely to respond to NER-targeting agents, including cisplatin and irofulven.
See related commentary by Jiang and Greenberg, p. 1833
Human Security: Concept and Evolution in the United Nations
Authors: Wählisch Martin 
Published: November 2020

In 1994, the Human Development Report of the un Development Programme (undp) drew for the first time global attention to the concept of ‘human security’, which has led to a series of debates in the United Nations.1 The report emphasized that without the promotion of ‘people-centered development’ none of the objectives of the global development agenda can be achieved, neither peace, human rights, environmental protection, reduced population growth, nor social integration. The idea of the human security concept is to approach security beyond a purely State-focused military angle, but also include humanitarian, political, economic and social perspectives. In 2001, un Secretary General Kofi Annan reemphasized in the Millennium Report that the ‘freedom from want’ and ‘freedom from fear’ embrace more than the absence of violent conflict, but encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and health care and ensuring that each individual has opportunities and choices to fulfil his or her potential. In 2005, the World Summit Outcome Document called for defining the scope of human security in the General Assembly more precisely. In 2012, the un General Assembly finally adopted a common understanding of the human security notion.
This article gives an overview of the evolution of the human security concept in the United Nations. It looks at its historical development, codification attempts and the recent debate in the General Assembly. The article highlights arguments of critics and advocates of the human security approach, who have been trying to identify linkages between security, development and the respect for human rights. The article describes the status of international practice, indicating the trend of gradual implementation of human security aspects in national, regional and international policy frameworks. The term ‘human security’ has eventually entered the active vocabulary of governmental officials, diplomats, military decision-makers, humanitarian and other non-governmental organizations, serving increasingly as a reference point for more comprehensive policy planning with regard to security and development challenges.
Recovering a Lost History: Colonel (Retired) Thomas R. Stone and the Unwritten Biography of General William H. Simpson
Authors: Calhoun Mark T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
General William H. Simpson served as commander of Ninth US Army during the Second World War but remains one of the only American field army commanders from that war without a published biography. Colonel (Retired) Thomas R. Stone, PhD, intended to write a biography of General Simpson after completion of his master’s and doctoral degrees at Rice University, but never completed it, leaving one to wonder why. The author’s search for an answer to this question has yielded a trove of previously lost archival data, a fruitful collaboration, and several insights about the unique nature of the path to historian and practice of history for the current or former US Army officer.
Evidence that Horizontal Moisture Advection Regulates the Ubiquitous Amplification of Rainfall Variability over Tropical Oceans
Authors: Inoue Kuniaki , Biasutti Michela , Fridlind Ann M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The column moist static energy (MSE) budget equation approximates the processes associated with column moistening and drying in the tropics, and is therefore predictive of precipitation amplification and decay. We use ERA-Interim (ERA-I) and TRMM 3B42 data to investigate day-to-day convective variability and distinguish the roles of horizontal MSE (or moisture) advection versus vertical advection, sources, and sinks. Over tropical convergence zones, results suggest that horizontal moisture advection is a primary driver of day-to-day precipitation fluctuations; when drying via horizontal moisture advection is smaller (greater) than Chikira’s “column process,” precipitation tends to amplify (decay). In the absence of horizontal moisture advection, precipitation tends to increase spontaneously almost universally through a positive column process feedback. This bulk positive feedback is characterized by negative effective gross moist stability (GMS), which is maintained throughout the tropical convergence zones. How this positive feedback is achieved varies geographically, depending on the shape of vertical velocity (omega) profiles. In regions where omega profiles are top-heavy, the effective GMS is negative primarily owing to strong feedbacks between convection and diabatic MSE sources (radiative and surface fluxes). In these regions, vertical MSE advection stabilizes the atmosphere (positive vertical GMS). Where omega profiles are bottom-heavy, by contrast, a positive feedback is primarily driven by import of MSE through a shallow circulation (negative vertical GMS). The diabatic feedback and vertical GMS are in a seesaw balance, offsetting one another. Our results suggest that ubiquitous convective variability is amplified by the same mechanism as moisture-mode instability.
A Multisite Quality Improvement Initiative to Enhance the Adoption of Screening Practices for Intimate Partner Violence Into Routine Primary Care for Women Veterans
Authors: Portnoy Galina A. , Iverson Katherine M. , Haskell Sally G. , Czarnogorski Maggie , Gerber Megan R. 
Published: November 2020

Objective The Veterans Health Administration established comprehensive women’s health clinics (CWHCs) to provide coordinated, high-quality primary care to women veterans. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among women using these clinics. The Veterans Health Administration recommends screening women for IPV, yet screening uptake is low in CWHCs nationwide. We describe a multisite quality improvement initiative to enhance the adoption of IPV screening practices in the Veterans Health Administration’s CWHCs. Methods This quality improvement initiative, implemented in 2017-2018, included 4 steps in which we (1) conducted a baseline survey of screening practices at CWHCs throughout the United States; (2) selected and tailored evidence-based implementation strategies based on identified barriers and facilitators; (3) deployed multicomponent implementation support, targeting low-adopting facilities; and (4) conducted a follow-up survey to evaluate changes in IPV screening practices from baseline (winter 2017) to 1-year follow-up (winter 2018) using quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results Responders from 62 CWHC sites provided information on IPV screening practices and barriers; 42 low-adopting sites were targeted for implementation support. At follow-up, responders provided information on IPV screening practices, perceived usefulness of implementation support strategies, and continued barriers. Among sites that responded to both surveys (n = 47), the number of sites that implemented recommended screening practices increased by 66.7%, from 15 at baseline to 25 at follow-up ( P = .02). Emergent themes reflected barriers and facilitators for IPV screening implementation. Conclusions Improvement in IPV screening practices in CWHCs is a pivotal step toward enhancing care for women. Yet, even with numerous implementation supports, barriers to adoption persist at many sites. Findings on modifiable barriers and unique facilitators can inform next steps for increasing screening uptake.