bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory
Authors: Bayrak Betül , Oğuz Sıdıka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to adapt a culturally suitable and functional Turkish version of the Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory to evaluate its reliability and validity to measure Turkish coronary heart disease patients' levels of self‐care.MethodsThe study was performed at the cardiology clinics of three hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Content validity index, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used in the validity analyses. In the reliability analyses, pearson's correlation coefficient, cronbach's α scores and test–retest reliability were used. The validity and reliability analyses were conducted with 222 coronary heart disease patients, whereas the test–retest analysis was carried out with 50 patients.ResultsThe three subscale and 22‐item Turkish Inventory's factorial structure was similar to the English version. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit. Cronbach's α ranged from .63 to .95, and no statistically significant differences were found in the test–retest reliability analysis (P > .05).ConclusionTurkish version of the Self‐Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory is a valid and reliable tool for determination of coronary heart disease patients' self‐care in Turkey.
Quality of life of pharmacy students in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Okoro Roland Nnaemeka , Muslim Jamiu Olakunle , Biambo Aminu Ahmed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the quality of life (QoL) of Nigerian pharmacy students and to investigate its predictors.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study randomly sampled one pharmacy school from each of the three geopolitical zones of northern Nigeria We collected data with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare groups. The predictors of QoL were identified using multiple linear regression analysis. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Key findingsThe overall response rate was 81.2%. The overall QoL mean score of pharmacy students in the region was 76.94 ± 17.65. There was a lower environment domain mean score (56.06 ± 14.60) compared to other domains. Multivariate analyses revealed that being a Christian, in the 5th year of study, and having a current illness/problem negatively affected overall QoL (P &lt; 0.05). Having a current illness/problem negatively affected physical health (P &lt; 0.05). Being in the 5th year of study and having a current illness/problem negatively affected psychological health, whereas schooling in the state of residence, active involvement with student organizations/clubs and having a current illness/problem negatively affected the environment domain (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that pharmacy students had a fair overall QoL and poor well-being in all four domains. Religion, state of residence, year of study, organizations/clubs and current illness/problem were the significant predictors of QoL. Therefore, these findings will be useful in reviewing the training of pharmacy students with a view to improving their well-being and quality of pharmacy education.
Energy drinks: a narrative review of their physiological and pathological effects
Authors: Piccioni Andrea , Covino Marcello , Zanza Christian , Longhitano Yaroslava , Tullo Gianluca , Bonadia Nicola , Rinninella Emanuele , Ojetti Veronica , Gasbarrini Antonio , Franceschi Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe consumption of energy drinks (Edks) has increased significantly in past years, with a growing market that is estimated to reach $61 billion by 2021 worldwide. Several studies demonstrated the physiological and pathological effects of these substances contained in Edks. The most common ingredient contained in Edks is caffeine, which is commonly mixed with taurine, and B‐group vitamins. Scientific evidence of potentially serious adverse health effects are known, but it would be better to acquire more information regarding these beverages. We systematically checked Medical literature on MEDLINE‐Pubmed from inception to January 2020 to find studies and reports on Edks and adverse events. Edks consumption is specially related to cardiovascular effects as malignant arrhythmias. We found a significant focus on arrhythmogenic risk in patients affected by long QT syndrome or other predisposing conditions for QT elongation. Other pathological effects are known as gastrointestinal, vascular and neurological disorders. Edks, as well as all caffeinated beverages, should be taken with caution or avoided in select populations, such as patients suffering from cardiovascular or neurological illnesses; their use can unmask a sleepy life‐threatening disease.
Bortezomib use and outcomes for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Loke Crystal , Mollee Peter , McPherson Ian , Walpole Euan , Yue Mimi , Mutsando Howard , Wong Phillip , Weston Helen , Tomlinson Ross , Hollingworth Samantha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe public subsidy in Australia of bortezomib (Velcade) for untreated non‐transplant multiple myeloma patients was based on the VISTA trial.AimsTo ascertain the health outcomes of bortezomib in ‘real world’ transplant‐ineligible elderly patients, compared to trial data.MethodsPatient and treatment data were extracted from an oncology information system, laboratory information system and medical chart audits for three Queensland public hospitals.ResultsWe identified 74 patients; the median age was 75 years. Our cohort comprised 47% patients who were International Staging System stage III, 45% at stage II and 8% at stage I. Patients who had comorbidities, such as cardiac disease (41%), pulmonary disease (14%), diabetes (22%), peripheral neuropathy (14%) and other comorbidities (41%) at baseline were included. The common regimens prescribed were VMP, CVD and VD, and most patients (n = 73) received bortezomib on a once‐weekly or twice‐a‐week basis. The overall response rate was 81%. Half (53%) of the patients did not complete their planned therapy due to toxicity (30%), suboptimal response or disease progression (15%), or death on treatment (8%). Overall survival was 40.7 months and progression free survival was 17.7 months.ConclusionsOur patients were older, had worse disease characteristics and more comorbidities than patients in the VISTA trial. While response rates were similar, survival outcomes appeared worse. Bortezomib‐based treatment in the real world setting still carries a high risk of toxicity in the elderly population.
Acceptance of systematic reviews as Master/PhD theses in Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry
Authors: Dotto Lara , T. O. Lemes Letícia , O. Spazzin Aloísio , Sousa Yara Teresinha Correa Silva , Pereira Gabriel K.R. , Bacchi Ataís , Sarkis‐Onofre Rafael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate whether a master and PhD thesis in Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry can be based on a systematic review (SR).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we surveyed the coordinators of Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry using a self‐administered questionnaire including questions about whether an SR meets requirements for approval of a master or PhD thesis, instructions regarding how to use an SR as the method for a master or PhD thesis, and reasons and barriers that SRs were not recognized as acceptable for a master or PhD thesis. The responses were analyzed descriptively, and tables and graphs were created to summarize the data.ResultsAmong 101 graduate programs invited to participate in the study, 38 (37.6%) returned the questionnaire. Over three‐quarters of surveyed programs (n = 30, 78.1%) answered that SRs, in whole or in part, meet the criteria for a master or PhD thesis. Likewise, most programs answered that a master or PhD thesis could be exclusively based on an SR (n = 28, 73.7%). The same number of programs pointed out that one possible reason for not recognizing SRs as a master or PhD thesis is either the lack of SR expertise among committee members (n = 28, 73.7%) or the lack of adequate training of candidates in SR methodology (n = 26, 68.4%).ConclusionsSRs are well accepted as a master or PhD thesis by Brazilian graduate programs in dentistry. Educational initiatives should be encouraged to promote understanding of SR methodology and increase acceptance among graduate programs worldwide.
Effect of endodontic access simulation on the fracture strength of lithium‐disilicate and resin‐matrix ceramic CAD‐CAM crowns
Authors: OĞUZ Ece İrem , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of simulated endodontic access preparation on the failure loads of lithium disilicate crowns and resin‐matrix ceramic (RMC) crowns.Materials and methodsEighty maxillary first premolar crowns were manufactured by using four different CAD/CAM blocks (n = 20): lithium disilicate (LD; IPS e.max CAD), resin nanoceramic (RNC; Lava Ultimate), flexible nanaoceramic (FNC; GC Cerasmart), and polymer‐infiltrated ceramic (PIC; VITA Enamic). Half of each group was accessed and repaired to simulate endodontic treatment. After cyclic loading, all specimens were loaded to failure. Data were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey‐HSD test (α = .05).ResultsThe load to failure results showed significant differences for material types (P < .001), but not for endodontic access simulation (P = .09). The highest and lowest mean failure loads were obtained for LD (1546 N) and PIC (843 N), respectively.ConclusionThe endodontic access preparation was not found to affect the fracture strength of LD and RMC crowns. The LD showed higher fracture strength than RMC crowns. Even though significant differences were noted for failure loads regarding different crown materials, all could reasonably withstand masticatory forces.Clinical SignificanceThe endodontic access preparation through a restoration is known to be a common challenge in clinical practice. Maintaining a repaired LD or RMC crown is feasible and replacement may not be necessary.
Intraflagellar Transport 80 Is Required for Cilia Construction and Maintenance in Paramecium tetraurelia
Authors: Shi Lei , Chi Yuhao , Shen Xiangyu , Lu Guoliang , Shen Yuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntraflagellar transport (IFT) represents a bidirectional dynamic process that carries cargo essential for cilia building and the maintenance of ciliary function, which is important for the locomotion of single cells, intracellular and intercellular signalling transduction. Accumulated evidence has revealed that defects in IFT cause several clinical disorders. Here, we determined the role of IFT80, an IFT‐B protein that is mutated in Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Using the RNAi method in the ciliate Paramecium as model, we found that loss of IFT80 prevents cilia biogenesis and causes strong cell lethality. A specific antibody against IFT80 was also prepared in our study, which labelled IFT80 in cilia of Paramecium. GFP fusion experiments were performed to illustrate the dynamic movement of IFT‐A and IFT‐B proteins in cilia of Paramecium; then, we found that the depletion of IFT80 in cells prevents IFT‐A and IFT‐B proteins from entering the cilia. Our results showed the distribution change of other IFT proteins in cells that were depleted of IFT80, and we discuss the possible roles of IFT80 in Paramecium.
Effect of the administration of prolactin‐releasing peptide2 on feeding activity in the intertidal blennyRhabdoblennius nitidus(Günther, 1861)
Authors: Takegaki Takeshi , Nakatake Yosuke , Amiya Noriko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProlactin‐releasing peptide2 (PrRP2) was administered intraperitoneally to male intertidal blennyRhabdoblennius nitidus, a species with male uniparental care of eggs, to investigate the effect on their feeding activity. A significant inhibitory effect on appetite was observed in the breeding season, but not in the nonbreeding season. These results suggest that PrRP2 and PrRP2 receptors are more active during the breeding season. The presence of a mechanism to inhibit feeding activity while parents take care of their offspring may be important for the success of parental care.
Parents Are Unaware of Their Youths' Tobacco Use: Results from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Authors: King Jessica L. , Merten Julie W. , Nicksic Nicole E. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this study, we determined the prevalence of and factors associated with parent unawareness of youth tobacco
use.METHODSWe used data from waves 1, 2, and 3 (2013‐2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, a nationally representative study of 13,650 US youth ages 12 to 17 and their parents. We conducted weighted multivariate analyses comparing parent unawareness of youth‐reported ever use and associations between parents' unawareness of youth use and covariates.RESULTSYouth ever tobacco use ranged from 21.8% in 2013‐2014, to 24.1% in 2014‐2015, to 23.4% in 2015‐2016. Parent unawareness ranged from 57.6% in 2013‐2014, to 61.9% in 2014‐2015, and 64.5% in 2015‐2016. Factors associated with higher parent unawareness of youth tobacco use in 2015‐2016 were youth being female, black, or Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.24‐2.61; all ps < .05). Youth with lower academic performance, relatives who used tobacco, tobacco available in the home, or past 30‐day use, were less likely to have parents unaware of their use (AORs 0.33‐0.56; all ps < .05).CONCLUSIONSAmong youth who reported ever using tobacco, most had parents who were unaware of their use. School‐based efforts targeting specific sociodemographic factors could increase parent awareness of youth tobacco
use.
Melatonin ameliorates aortic valve calcification via the regulation of circular RNA CircRIC3/miR‐204‐5p/DPP4 signaling in valvular interstitial cells
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Han Dong , Zhou Tingwen , Zhang Jibin , Liu Chun , Cao Feng , Dong Nianguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is highly prevalent with marked morbidity and mortality rates and a lack of pharmaceutical treatment options because its mechanisms are unknown. Melatonin is reported to exert atheroprotective effects. However, whether melatonin protects against aortic valve calcification, a disease whose pathogenesis shares many similarities to that of atherosclerosis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found that the intragastric administration of melatonin for 24 weeks markedly ameliorated aortic valve calcification in high cholesterol diet (HCD)–treated ApoE−/− mice, as evidenced by reduced thickness and calcium deposition in the aortic valve leaflets, improved echocardiographic parameters (decreased transvalvular peak jet velocity and increased aortic valve area), and decreased osteogenic differentiation marker (Runx2, osteocalcin, and osterix) expression in the aortic valves. Consistent with these in vivo data, we also confirmed the suppression of in vitro calcification by melatonin in hVICs. Mechanistically, melatonin reduced the level of CircRIC3, a procalcification circular RNA, which functions by acting as a miR‐204‐5p sponge to positively regulate the expression of the procalcification gene dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4). Furthermore, CircRIC3 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effects of melatonin on hVIC osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that melatonin ameliorates aortic valve calcification via the regulation of CircRIC3/miR‐204‐5p/DPP4 signaling in hVICs; therefore, melatonin medication might be considered a novel pharmaceutical strategy for CAVD treatment.
Current population genetics of Japanese harbor seals: Two distinct populations found within a small area
Authors: Mizuno Mariko , Kobayashi Mari , Sasaki Takeshi , Haneda Takayuki , Masubuchi Takahito 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe used microsatellite loci to understand the current population genetics of Japanese harbor seals, and found that they were subdivided into two distinct populations, one in Erimo and the other in eastern Hokkaido, despite being only 150 km apart and having no obvious geographical boundaries between them. Strong population subdivision between the two areas may be due to the small number of haul‐out sites and population size, and that a single habitat type is used for haul‐out sites in Japan. Also, at Erimo, there are numerous rocky reefs at a single haul‐out site that stretch up to 1.3 km offshore from land, while 10 haul‐out sites in eastern Hokkaido, separated by a maximum of 30 km, are interspersed along 75 km of the coast. The direction in which the rocky reefs stretch away from land or in which the haul‐out sites are facing may be limiting the movement of Japanese harbor seals and causing strong population subdivision between Erimo and eastern Hokkaido. No recent genetic bottlenecks were detected, although the seals in Erimo and eastern Hokkaido were reported to have experienced declines in population size over the past few decades.
Reformulation of bread rolls using oat fibre: An acceptable way of dietary fibre enrichment?
Authors: Jaworska D. , Królak M. , Jeżewska‐Zychowicz M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the sensory quality of wheat bread rolls with and without the addition of 12% of oat fibre (with high β‐glucan content) from a consumer perspective. A consumer group of 383 people rated the acceptability of fresh rolls and rolls after 1 day of storage using 9‐point hedonic scales. A trained panel evaluated fresh rolls and rolls after 1 and 2 days of storage using quantitative descriptive analysis as a sensory profile method. The consumer group assessed the overall acceptability of the fresh bread rolls enriched with fibre as higher than fresh bread rolls without fibre addition. The decrease in the sensory quality of rolls during storage was observed by both groups of evaluators. The trained panel found that increased storage time resulted in a greater reduction of aroma and flavour ratings, as well as in elasticity and overall quality, in the stored rolls with 12% fibre addition compared to those without fibre addition. Nevertheless, consumers’ high sensory acceptability of the fresh bread rolls enriched with fibre should be taken into account in the introduction of the oat fibre source product onto the market.
Comparison of four pressure ulcer risk assessment tools in critically ill patients
Authors: Theeranut Ampornpan , Ninbanphot Suchada , Limpawattana Panita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients are at a higher risk of developing pressure ulcers (PUs) than non‐critically ill patients. Tools that aid in the early identification of those who are most at risk of PUs could help health care providers deliver early interventions and reduce unfavourable outcomes.AimsTo compare the validity of four PU risk tools (the Braden scale, the Braden [ALB] scale, the CALCULATE, and the COMHON index) and to demonstrate the optimal cut‐off points for each tool in critically ill patients.DesignThis was a prospective descriptive study.MethodThis study was conducted in the intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital in Thailand from January to April 2019. Baseline characteristics were collected at admission to the ICUs. Skin assessment was evaluated every 24 hours. PU assessment scores were collected every 72 hours. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the performance of the tests in predicting PUs.ResultsA total of 288 patients were recruited. The incidence of PUs was 11.1%. The Braden (ALB) scale performed the best based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (area under curve 0.74), followed by the CALCULATE (area under curve 0.71), the Braden (area under curve 0.67) scale, and the COMHON (area under curve 0.61) index. At the optimal cut‐off point, the Braden (ALB) scale (≤13)) and the CALCULATE (≥3) were similar in terms of performance with an area under the curve of 0.69.ConclusionThe Braden (ALB) performed the best at predicting PU development in ICU patients.Relevance to clinical practiceThe validity of all four PU risk tools was limited in Thai patients. The scales should thus be used in conjunction with clinical judgement to provide optimal outcomes. The development of better assessment tools for the prediction of PUs is required.
The Kok effect revisited
Authors: Yin Xinyou , Niu Yuxi , van der Putten Peter E. L. , Struik Paul C. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

The Kok effect refers to the abrupt decrease around the light compensation point in the slope of net photosynthetic rate vs irradiance. Arguably, this switch arises from light inhibition of respiration, allowing the Kok method to estimate day respiration (Rd). Recent analysis suggests that increasing proportions of photorespiration (quantified as Γ*/Cc, the ratio of CO2 compensation point Γ* to chloroplast CO2 concentration, Cc) with irradiance explain much of the Kok effect. Also, the Kok method has been modified to account for the decrease in PSII photochemical efficiency (Φ2) with irradiance.

Using a model that illustrates how varying Rd, Γ*/Cc, Φ2 and proportions of alternative electron transport could engender the Kok effect, we quantified the contribution of these parameters to the Kok effect measured in sunflower across various O2 and CO2 concentrations and various temperatures.

Overall, the decreasing Φ2 with irradiance explained c. 12%, and the varying Γ*/Cc explained c. 25%, of the Kok effect. Maximum real light inhibition of Rd was much lower than the inhibition derived from the Kok method, but still increased with photorespiration.

Photorespiration had a dual contribution to the Kok effect, one via the varying Γ*/Cc and the other via its participation in light inhibition of Rd.
Moderate phosphorus additions consistently affect community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador
Authors: Dueñas Juan F. , Camenzind Tessa , Roy Julien , Hempel Stefan , Homeier Jürgen , Suárez Juan Pablo , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Anthropogenic atmospheric deposition can increase nutrient supply in the most remote ecosystems, potentially affecting soil biodiversity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities rapidly respond to simulated soil eutrophication in tropical forests. Yet the limited spatio‐temporal extent of such manipulations, together with the often unrealistically high fertilization rates employed, impedes generalization of such responses.

We sequenced mixed root AMF communities within a seven year‐long fully factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition experiment, replicated at three tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador with differing environmental characteristics. We hypothesized: strong shifts in community composition and species richness after long‐term fertilization, site‐ and clade‐specific responses to N vs P additions depending on local soil fertility and clade life history traits respectively.

Fertilization consistently shifted AMF community composition across sites, but only reduced richness of Glomeraceae. Compositional changes were mainly driven by increases in P supply while richness reductions were observed only after combined N and P additions.

We conclude that moderate increases of N and P exert a mild but consistent effect on tropical AMF communities. To predict the consequences of these shifts, current results need to be supplemented with experiments that characterize local species‐specific AMF functionality.