bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bird species that occupy river edge in continuous forest tend to be less sensitive to forest fragmentation
Authors: Lindsey Barbara Rocha Arakaki , Bochio Gabriela Menezes , Anjos Luiz dos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlong a distance gradient from a given river, two types of habitat can be recognized: natural river edge and forest interior, each one with its own vegetation characteristics and dynamics. In a continuous area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we investigated (1) if bird communities are different between a riverbank of a small stream and an inland forest habitat; (2) if the species of the river edge habitat are the ones that persist in the most in forest fragments after deforestation of a continuous forest; (3) if the river edge habitat species are those that are less sensitive to forest fragmentation. It is expected that there are differences in the bird communities and the occupancy of some species between the two habitats. We allocated 16 sampling points in each of the habitats and sampled the birds by point counts with a short radius of 30 m. Results suggest that there is a significant difference between the composition of the bird communities of the river edge and forest interior habitats, although the species richness is similar. Six species were more likely to occupy the river edge and 14 species had a greater probability of occupancy in the forest interior. Species associated with the river edge habitat (15 species) tend not to be sensitive to forest fragmentation (12 species). In this study, we demonstrated that river-border species of continuous forest areas form a significant part of the bird communities that persist in small forest fragments, with intense edge effect. This shows that not all forest edge species are the result of the colonization from open areas. Congruently, species that occupy the most distant areas from the river vegetation in a continuous forest are those more sensitive to forest fragmentation.
Some information theoretic aspects of de-Sitter holography
Authors: Geng Hao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Built on our observation that entangling surfaces of the boundary field theory are great co-dimension one spheres in the context of DS/dS correspondence, we study some information theoretic quantities of the field theory dual intensively using holographic proposals. We will focus on entanglement entropy (EE), entanglement of purification (EoP) and complexity. Several fundamental observations and analysis are provided. For EE, we focus on its scaling behavior, which indicates the nature of the relevant degrees of freedom. Moreover, we find that EE provides us with important information of the energy spectrum in pure dS and it also leads us to the speculation that the field theory dual is chaotic or non-integrable. For EoP, an interesting phenomenon we call “Entanglement Wedge Cross Section (EWCS) Jump” is observed according to which we propose two puzzles regarding EoP and EE in the context of dS holography. For complexity, we find that the Complexity=Volume proposal does not provide a well-defined way to compute complexity for pure dS. However, it does provide a well-defined way to compute complexity in the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ Λ2 deformed case. At the end, we will use the surface/state correspondence to resolve all the puzzles and hence reach a consistent information theoretic picture of dS holography. Moreover, we will provide evidence for our former proposal that the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

+ ⋯ deformations are operating quantum circuits and study the non-locality of the field theory algebra suggested by the surface/state correspondence.
A cosmological Higgs collider
Authors: Lu Shiyun , Wang Yi , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The quantum fluctuations of the Higgs field during inflation could be a source of primordial density perturbations through Higgs-dependent inflaton decay. By measuring primordial non-Gaussianities, this so-called Higgs-modulated reheating scenario provides us a unique chance to probe Higgs interactions at extremely high energy scale, which we call the Cosmological Higgs Collider (CHC). We realize CHC in a simple scenario where the inflaton decays into Higgs-portal scalars, taking account of the decay of the Higgs fluctuation amplitude after inflation. We also calculate the CHC signals of Standard Model particles, namely their imprints in the squeezed bispectrum, which can be naturally large. The concept of CHC can be straightforwardly generalized to cosmological isocurvature colliders with other types of isocurvature perturbations.
Misfolded amyloid-β-42 impairs the endosomal–lysosomal pathway
Authors: Marshall Karen E. , Vadukul Devkee M. , Staras Kevin , Serpell Louise C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMisfolding and aggregation of proteins is strongly linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, but how such species bring about their cytotoxic actions remains poorly understood. Here we used specifically-designed optical reporter probes and live fluorescence imaging in primary hippocampal neurons to characterise the mechanism by which prefibrillar, oligomeric forms of the Alzheimer’s-associated peptide, Aβ42, exert their detrimental effects. We used a pH-sensitive reporter, Aβ42-CypHer, to track Aβ internalisation in real-time, demonstrating that oligomers are rapidly taken up into cells in a dynamin-dependent manner, and trafficked via the endo-lysosomal pathway resulting in accumulation in lysosomes. In contrast, a non-assembling variant of Aβ42 (vAβ42) assayed in the same way is not internalised. Tracking ovalbumin uptake into cells using CypHer or Alexa Fluor tags shows that preincubation with Aβ42 disrupts protein uptake. Our results identify a potential mechanism by which amyloidogenic aggregates impair cellular function through disruption of the endosomal–lysosomal pathway.
Open Water Flow in a Wet/Dry Multiply-Connected Channel Network: A Robust Numerical Modeling Algorithm
Authors: Kivva Sergii , Zheleznyak Mark , Pylypenko Oleksandr , Yoschenko Vasyl 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur goal was to develop a robust algorithm for numerical simulation of one-dimensional shallow water flow in a complex multiply-connected channel network with arbitrary geometry and variable topography. We apply a central-upwind scheme with a novel reconstruction of the open water surface in partially flooded cells that does not require additional correction. The proposed reconstruction and an exact integration of source terms for the momentum conservation equation provide positivity preserving and well-balanced features of the scheme for various wet/dry states. We use two models based on the continuity equation and mass and momentum conservation equations integrated for a control volume around the channel junction to its treatment. These junction models permit to simulate subcritical and supercritical flows in a channel network. Numerous numerical experiments demonstrate the robustness of the proposed numerical algorithm and a good agreement of numerical results with exact solutions, experimental data, and results of the previous numerical studies. The proposed new specialized test on inundation and drying of an initially dry channel network shows the merits of the new numerical algorithm to simulate the subcritical/supercritical open water flows in the networks.
Morphometric study of the primary ossification center of the frontal squama in the human fetus
Authors: Grzonkowska Magdalena , Baumgart Mariusz , Badura Mateusz , Wiśniewski Marcin , Szpinda Michał 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purposes
Detailed morphometric data on the development of ossification centers in human fetuses is useful in the early detection of skeletal dysplasias associated with a delayed development of ossification centers and their mineralization. Quantitative analysis of primary ossification centers of cranial bones is sporadic due to limited availability of fetal material.

Material and methods
The size of the primary ossification center of the frontal squama in 37 human (16 males and 21 females) spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 18–30 weeks was studied by means of CT, digital-image analysis and statistics.

Results
With neither sex nor laterality differences, the best-fit growth dynamics for the primary ossification center of the frontal squama was modelled by the following functions: y = 13.756 + 0.021 × (age)2 ± 0.024 for its vertical diameter, y = 0.956 + 0.956 × age ± 0.823 for its transverse diameter, y = 38.285 + 0.889 × (age)2 ± 0.034 for its projection surface area, and y = 90.020 + 1.375 × (age)2 ± 11.441 for its volume.

Conclusions
Our findings for the primary ossification center of the frontal squama may be conducive in monitoring normal fetal growth and screening for inherited faults and anomalies of the skull in human fetuses.
Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for colorectal and anal cancer: the extent of recommendations for managing long-term symptoms and functional impairments
Authors: Wiltink Lisette M. , White K. , King M. T. , Rutherford C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Due to increasing numbers of colorectal and anal cancer survivors, more individuals are living with long-term symptoms after treatment. A systematic review was undertaken to assess the extent to which practice guidelines for colorectal and anal cancer provide recommendations for managing long-term symptoms and functioning impairments.

Methods
Four electronic databases and websites of 30 international cancer societies were searched for clinical practice guidelines, consensus statements, or best practice recommendations for colorectal or anal cancer. Quality of included guidelines was evaluated with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II tool. Results were narratively summarized.

Results
We included 51 guidelines or consensus statements. Recommendations for managing long-term symptoms or functioning impairments were reported in 13 guidelines (25.4%). All 13 recommend a healthy lifestyle, diet, body weight, and physical activity. The ASCO Colorectal Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline is the most comprehensive, including interventions targeting sexual and bowel function to pain and cognitive issues, and also highlights limited evidence for informing management strategies. Other guidelines recommend treating incontinence, chronic diarrhea, and distress, and stress the need for greater awareness for sexual dysfunction, survivorship clinics, and referrals to specific supportive care interventions.

Conclusions
Few clinical practice guidelines include recommendations for managing long-term symptoms and functioning impairments. It is unclear if this is due to limited evidence or absence of management strategies and interventions. Clear recommendations for managing long-term symptoms and functioning to help health professionals in supporting colorectal and anal cancer survivors are needed.
Orthographic knowledge predicts reading and spelling skills over and above general intelligence and phonological awareness
Authors: Zarić Jelena , Hasselhorn Marcus , Nagler Telse 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is widely accepted that general intelligence and phonological awareness contribute to children’s acquisition of reading and spelling skills. A further candidate in this regard is orthographic knowledge (i.e., the knowledge about permissible letter patterns). It consists of two components, word-specific (i.e., the knowledge of the spelling of specific words) and general orthographic knowledge (i.e., the knowledge about legal letter patterns of a writing system). Among German students, previous studies have shown that word-specific orthographic knowledge contributes to both reading and spelling. The results regarding general orthographic knowledge and its contribution to reading and spelling are inconsistent. The major goal of the present study was to determine the incremental predictive value of orthographic knowledge for reading and spelling skills among German elementary-school children (N = 66), over and above the contribution of general intelligence and phonological awareness. The second goal was to examine whether there is a difference between the two subtypes of orthographic knowledge in the amount of their respective contribution to reading and spelling performance. The results show that word-specific as well as general orthographic knowledge contribute to both reading and spelling performance, over and above intelligence and phonological awareness. Furthermore, it reveals that both word-specific and general orthographic knowledge explain more variance of spelling compared to reading. Possible explanations for these results, limitations, and implications of the study are being discussed.
Dynamics of Cell Death After Conventional IRE and H-FIRE Treatments
Authors: Mercadal Borja , Beitel-White Natalie , Aycock Kenneth N. , Castellví Quim , Davalos Rafael V. , Ivorra Antoni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) has emerged as an alternative to conventional irreversible electroporation (IRE) to overcome the issues associated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation that appear in IRE treatments. In H-FIRE, the monopolar pulses typically used in IRE are replaced with bursts of short bipolar pulses. Currently, very little is known regarding how the use of a different waveform affects the cell death dynamics and mechanisms. In this study, human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells were treated with a typical IRE protocol and various H-FIRE schemes with the same energized time. Cell viability, membrane integrity and Caspase 3/7 activity were assessed at different times after the treatment. In both treatments, we identified two different death dynamics (immediate and delayed) and we quantified the electric field ranges that lead to each of them. While in the typical IRE protocol, the electric field range leading to a delayed cell death is very narrow, this range is wider in H-FIRE and can be increased by reducing the pulse length. Membrane integrity in cells suffering a delayed cell death shows a similar time evolution in all treatments, however, Caspase 3/7 expression was only observed in cells treated with H-FIRE.
Ants Co-Occurring with Predatory Antlions Show Unsuccessful Rescue Behavior towards Captured Nestmates
Authors: Turza Filip , Zuber Gabriela , Bzoma Michał , Prus Monika , Filipiak Michał , Miler Krzysztof 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe interaction of antlions and ants is postulated to be a predator-prey interaction in which the involved parties coevolve. Here, we investigated two issues of potential significance in terms of antlions and ants imposing selective pressures on one another. First, we determined whether trap-building antlions and sand-dwelling ants closely co-occurred in an area inhabited by both. In the field, we found that ants were the main potential prey items in artificial traps placed inside aggregation zones of antlions and thatFormica cinereaworkers comprised the majority of these ants. Second, we checked whether rescue behavior, a type of prosocial behavior displayed byF. cinereaworkers and performed towards nestmates captured by antlions, reduced the hunting success of the latter. In the laboratory, we found that rescue attempts were very rarely successful. Overall, caution must be used when considering the coevolution of antlions and ants. Clearly, even though these two organisms can closely co-occur, the rescue behavior of ants seems to be unrelated to the predatory threat from antlions.
A Concept Design of TES X-ray Microcalorimeter Array with Different Thickness Absorber Toward the Observation from 50 eV to 15 keV for STEM-EDS
Authors: Hayashi Tasuku , Muramatsu Haruka , Konno Ryohei , Yamasaki Noriko Y. , Mitsuda Kazuhisa , Takano Akira , Maehata Keisuke , Hara Toru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe herein report a concept study of a transition edge sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeter array with two different thickness absorbers. We developed an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) with a 64-pixel TES array and installed it on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) for material analysis. One of the key applications of the proposed system is the microanalysis of astromaterials, for which the relative abundance of light elements such as boron, carbon, and oxygen against silicon are crucial. However, the line sensitivity below $$\sim$$∼ 500 eV for the our STEM TES EDS system was not enough to detect the X-ray from light elements because of the relatively high continuum emission and low detection efficiency, which occurs due to the X-ray window and the optical blocking filters. A simple solution to increase line sensitivity at low energy is the adoption of thin X-ray absorbers that leads to an improvement in the energy resolution. However, doing so causes the sensitivity to decrease for high energy lines. Utilizing the spot-size dependence of the polycapillary X-ray optics on energy, which are used in the STEM TES EDS system, we studied a design in which thin absorbers are distributed on the outer area of detector. We optimized the design using the raytracing analysis of optics. A thin (300 nm) absorber is placed on the 52 outer pixels, while a thick (3.5 $$\upmu$$μm) absorber is placed on the central 12 pixels. The thin pixels detect approximately 50–60% of the total counts in 0.1–2 keV, while the central thick pixels detect approximately 50–80% of the total counts in 2–10 keV. We also demonstrated the fabrication process of two-thickness absorber arrays.
Cyclophosphamide treatment evoked side effects on skeletal muscle monitored by DSC
Authors: Lőrinczy Dénes 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolyneuropathy is defined as a simultaneous malfunction of several peripheral nerves, which could be a side effect of cancer therapy as well. Many kinds of drugs, supposedly cyclophosphamide, also can induce a disease classified as toxic polyneuropathy. It is well known that a severe problem in the locomotor activity can join to it. Recently, we have no enough information about the attacked points in the structure of muscle proteins, as well as about the change in the interaction of myosin actin. In the present study, we analyse this side effect on skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as an established thermal analysis method, to follow the possible consequence of drug treatment in the most important muscle protein. We used cyclophosphamide-treated in vitro animal model (guinea pig) with a comparable dosage and time handling of human protocol to show evidences of this drug-induced effects. According to our results, we could show a dose-dependent difference between thermal parameters (denaturation temperature and calorimetric enthalpy) of untreated and treated samples assigned to their contractile proteins (actin and myosin), which can be detected by DSC. It proved that we can create new possibilities in the detection and prognosis of expected and unwanted side effects of cyclophosphamide, such as change of locomotor activity joined to polyneuropathy.
Computed tomographic evaluation of myocardial ischemia
Authors: Tanabe Yuki , Kurata Akira , Matsuda Takuya , Yoshida Kazuki , Baruah Dhiraj , Kido Teruhito , Mochizuki Teruhito , Rajiah Prabhakar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMyocardial ischemia is caused by a mismatch between myocardial oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery in coronary artery disease (CAD). Stratification and decision-making based on ischemia improves the prognosis in patients with CAD. Non-invasive tests used to evaluate myocardial ischemia include stress electrocardiography, echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Invasive fractional flow reserve is considered the reference standard for assessment of the hemodynamic significance of CAD. Computed tomography (CT) angiography has emerged as a first-line imaging modality for evaluation of CAD, particularly in the population at low to intermediate risk, because of its high negative predictive value; however, CT angiography does not provide information on the hemodynamic significance of stenosis, which lowers its specificity. Emerging techniques, e.g., CT perfusion and CT-fractional flow reserve, help to address this limitation of CT, by determining the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis. CT perfusion involves acquisition during the first pass of contrast medium through the myocardium following pharmacological stress. CT-fractional flow reserve uses computational fluid dynamics to model coronary flow, pressure, and resistance. In this article, we review these two functional CT techniques in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia, including their principles, technology, advantages, limitations, pitfalls, and the current evidence.
Auf den Spuren eines Politikfeldes: Die Institutionalisierung von Internetpolitik in der Ministerialverwaltung
Authors: Hösl Maximilian , Kniep Ronja 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungNeue Politikfelder entstehen auch in alten Institutionen. Der Beitrag zeichnet am Beispiel der Internetpolitik in Deutschland die Institutionalisierung eines Politikfeldes nach. Auf der Grundlage einer Kombination von soziologischer Feldtheorie und diskursivem Institutionalismus und gestützt auf Organigramm-Historien, Interviews mit Ministerialbeamten und Behördenpublikationen nimmt er die Entstehung von internetpolitischen Abteilungen in zwei Ministerien in den Blick: dem Wirtschaftsministerium und dem Innenministerium. Der Aufbau von Abteilungen für Internetpolitik ist zugleich eine Form von Diskursinstitutionalisierung und eine Positionierung der Ministerien im Politikfeld, die sich um die Etablierung und Auslegung neuer gemeinwohlrelevanter Schutzgüter dreht. Neben der Wirtschaft und der nationalen Sicherheit tritt nun auch das Internet als Schutzgut hervor, das von den Ministerien im Kontext der bereits bestehenden Schutzgüter semantisch unterschiedlich, jedoch aufbauorganisatorisch ähnlich ausgelegt und als partiell autonomes Politikfeld institutionalisiert wird.
Towards a Personalized Treatment of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Rabian Florence , Lengline Etienne , Rea Delphine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTreatment goals and ambitions have even been upwardly revised since demonstration was made that under certain conditions, treatment-free remission was possible. Herein, we will discuss on how to try tailoring treatment choices to the unique characteristics of each patient.Recent FindingsSince the first-generation ATP-competitive TKI imatinib was made available in the clinic in 2001, second-generation drugs such as dasatinib, nilotinib and bosutinib and the third-generation TKI ponatinib have broadened the therapeutic armamentarium, providing effective salvage against intolerance and different types of resistance, or as frontline options.SummaryManagement and outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia have been revolutionized by the discovery, development, and approval of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Most patients can now expect a near-to normal life expectancy and acceptable quality of life on life-long treatment, providing awareness and avoidance of harmful adverse events, which depend on each TKI safety profile and patient personal background.