bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AC interference from faulty power cables on buried pipelines: A two‐step approach
Authors: Lucca Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to describe an algorithm for assessing the 50–60 Hz induced voltage and current, from a power cable in fault condition, on a nearby buried pipeline. The calculation method is a two‐step approach where both the steps are based on the solution of the transmission line model used first to characterize the inducing power cable and then the induced pipeline. The main result to be pointed out is the importance of the conductive coupling, often not considered, when modelling the phenomenon. In fact, neglecting the conductive coupling yields to underestimate the induced voltage and current along the pipeline.
Increasing spin of a B-Star during the common envelope stage
Authors: Staritsin E. 
Published: December 2020

Context. In its evolution, the MWC 656 binary system, consisting of a Be star and a black hole, has gone through the common envelope stage. The O and B stars of the early spectral subclasses can be characterised by lower rotational velocities and increased binary frequency. The B star in the MWC 656 system may have undergone rapid rotation during the common envelope stage.
Aims. We study the change in the B star’s state of rotation due to an increase in its angular momentum during the common envelope stage and immediately afterwards.
Methods. We performed one-dimensional numerical calculations of angular momentum transport in the interior of a slightly evolved star on the main sequence with a mass of 16 M⊙. Meridional circulation and shear turbulence are taken into account.
Results. Due to the arrival of angular momentum through the star’s surface, the velocity of the meridional circulation increases by more than six orders of magnitude. Meridional circulation is the main mechanism for the transport of angular momentum into the star’s deep interior. The acquired angular momentum enters the convective core during the common envelope stage if the angular velocity of the accreted matter exceeds half the Kepler value.
Conclusions. The star acquires a rotation typical of classical Be stars if the angular velocity of accreted matter rotation is close to the maximum possible value during the common envelope stage (∼80% of the Kepler value).
Evolution of a streamer-blowout CME as observed by imagers on Parker Solar Probe and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Authors: Liewer P. C. , Qiu J. , Vourlidas A. , Hall J. R. , Penteado P. 
Published: December 2020

Context. On 26–27 January 2020, the Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe on Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observed a coronal mass ejection (CME) from a distance of approximately 30 R⊙ as it passed through the instrument’s 95° field-of-view, providing an unprecedented view of the flux rope morphology of the CME’s internal structure. The same CME was seen by Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A), beginning on 25 January.
Aims. Our goal is to understand the origin and determine the trajectory of this CME.
Methods. We analyzed data from three well-placed spacecrafts: PSP, STEREO-A, and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The CME trajectory was determined using a tracking-and-fitting technique and verified using simultaneous images of the CME propagation from STEREO-A. The fortuitous alignment with STEREO-A also provided views of coronal activity leading up to the eruption. Observations from SDO, in conjunction with potential magnetic field models of the corona, were used to analyze the coronal magnetic evolution for the three days leading up to the flux rope ejection from the corona on 25 January.
Results. We found that the 25 January CME is likely the end result of a slow magnetic flux rope eruption that began on 23 January and was observed by STEREO-A/Extreme Ultraviolet Imager. The analysis of these observations suggest that the flux rope was apparently constrained in the corona for more than a day before its final ejection on 25 January. STEREO-A/COR2 observations of swelling and brightening of the overlying streamer for several hours prior to eruption on 25 January led us to classify this as a streamer-blowout CME. The analysis of the SDO data suggests that restructuring of the coronal magnetic fields caused by an emerging active region led to the final ejection of the flux rope.
Deep Learning CT Image Reconstruction in Clinical Practice
Authors: Arndt Clemens , Güttler Felix , Heinrich Andreas , Bürckenmeyer Florian , Diamantis Ioannis , Teichgräber Ulf 
Published: December 2020

Background Computed tomography (CT) is a central modality in modern radiology contributing to diagnostic medicine in almost every medical subspecialty, but particularly in emergency services. To solve the inverse problem of reconstructing anatomical slice images from the raw output the scanner measures, several methods have been developed, with filtered back projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) subsequently providing criterion standards. Currently there are new approaches to reconstruction in the field of artificial intelligence utilizing the upcoming possibilities of machine learning (ML), or more specifically, deep learning (DL).
Method This review covers the principles of present CT image reconstruction as well as the basic concepts of DL and its implementation in reconstruction. Subsequently commercially available algorithms and current limitations are being discussed.
Results and Conclusion DL is an ML method that utilizes a trained artificial neural network to solve specific problems. Currently two vendors are providing DL image reconstruction algorithms for the clinical routine. For these algorithms, a decrease in image noise and an increase in overall image quality that could potentially facilitate the diagnostic confidence in lesion conspicuity or may translate to dose reduction for given clinical tasks have been shown. One study showed equal diagnostic accuracy in the detection of coronary artery stenosis for DL reconstructed images compared to IR at higher image quality levels. Consequently, a lot more research is necessary and should aim at diagnostic superiority in the clinical context covering a broadness of pathologies to demonstrate the reliability of such DL approaches.
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Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Glycemic Control in Children and
Adolescents Diagnosed with Diabetes Type 1: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dorando Elena , Haak Thomas , Pieper Dawid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aim The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of
continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems on short- and long-term glycemic
control in children and adolescents diagnosed with diabetes type 1.
Methods The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019135152). We partly
updated a formerly published systematic review and searched several databases
(Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Clinicaltrials.gov) in May 2019. Summary
measures were estimated as relative risks (RR) and standardized mean differences
(SMD). The primary endpoint of our analysis was frequency of hypoglycemic
events. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach.
Results Eleven studies with a total number of 818 patients were included
in our review. Meta-analyses indicated a potential benefit of CGM systems
regarding the relative risk of a severe hypoglycemic event (RR 0.78; 95%
CI 0.29 to 2.04) and mean level of HbA1c at end of study (SMD -0.23; 95%
CI -0.46 to 0.00). Certainty of evidence for effect estimates of these
meta-analyses was low due to risk of selection bias and imprecision of the
included studies. Qualitative analyses of the secondary outcomes of user
satisfaction and long-term development of blood glucose supported these
findings.
Conclusion CGM systems may improve glycemic control in children and
adolescents diagnosed with diabetes type 1, but the imprecision of effects is
still a problem. Only a few studies examined and reported data for pediatric
populations in sufficient detail. Further research is needed to clarify
advantages and disadvantages of CGM systems in children and adolescents.
Die allgemeine und spezialisierte Palliativversorgung aus Sicht von Leistungserbringern der Hospiz- und Palliativversorgung – eine Querschnittserhebung
Authors: Rehner Laura , Moon Kilson , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Berg Neeltje van den 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung stellt in ländlichen Regionen mit einer geringen Bevölkerungsdichte eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Jeder Patient soll unabhängig von Alter, Diagnose, Prognose, Wohnort und wirtschaftlichen Aspekten Zugang zur Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung erhalten. Ziel war es, Problembereiche in der Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung in ländlichen Regionen zu identifizieren und mögliche Lösungsoptionen aus Sicht der Leistungserbringer zu erfahren.
Methodik Es wurde eine standardisierte schriftliche Befragung unter Leistungserbringern der allgemeinen und spezialisierten Palliativversorgung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (MV) durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 489 Fragebögen versendet. Kontaktiert wurde eine zufällige Stichprobe an Leistungserbringer der allgemeinen Palliativversorgung und alle Leistungserbringer der spezialisierten Palliativversorgung in MV. Für die Ermittlung von Problembereichen konnten die Strukturen der Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung mittels des deutschen Schulnotensystems bewertet werden (1=sehr gut; 6=ungenügend). Die Auswertung des Fragebogens erfolgte deskriptiv.
Ergebnisse Der Rücklauf betrug 19% (n=93). Problembereiche wurden an den Schnittstellen zwischen den ambulanten und stationären Sektoren sowie zwischen der allgemeinen und spezialisierten Palliativversorgung und der Hospizversorgung identifiziert. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen SAPV-Teams und Krankenhäusern mit Palliativstation wurde im Mittel mit 1,9 bewertet. Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen SAPV-Teams und Krankenhäusern ohne Palliativstation erhielt im Mittel die Note 3,6. Das Wissen zu Palliative Care von Pflegenden in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen erhielt von den Teilnehmenden die Schulnote 4,0. Eine telemedizinische Versorgung als Ergänzung zur herkömmlichen Versorgung von Palliativpatienten können sich 54,8% (n=51) der Teilnehmenden vorstellen. Die Einrichtung einer Koordinierungsstelle für die Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung wurde von 34,4% der Befragten als sehr wichtig bewertet.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse deuten auf infrastrukturelle, organisatorische und qualitätsbezogene Probleme in der Palliativ- und Hospizversorgung in MV hin. Die Versorgung in ländlichen Regionen könnte durch Fort- und Weiterbildungen zu Palliative Care, Hospizarbeit und Palliativmedizin sowie durch palliativmedizinische Konsiliardienste, Koordinierungsstellen und telemedizinische Funktionalitäten gestärkt werden.
Multiparametric MRI in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Physical Foundations, Limitations, and Prospective Advances of Diffusion-Weighted MRI
Authors: Wichtmann Barbara Daria , Zöllner Frank Gerrit , Attenberger Ulrike Irmgard , Schönberg Stefan O. 
Published: December 2020

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an essential component of the multiparametric MRI exam for the diagnosis and assessment of prostate cancer (PCa). Over the last two decades, various models have been developed to quantitatively correlate the DWI signal with microstructural characteristics of prostate tissue. The simplest approach (ADC: apparent diffusion coefficient) – currently established as the clinical standard – describes monoexponential decay of the DWI signal. While numerous studies have shown an inverse correlation of ADC values with the Gleason score, the ADC model lacks specificity and is based on water diffusion dynamics that are not true in human tissue. This article aims to explain the biophysical limitations of the standard DWI model and to discuss the potential of more complex, advanced DWI models.
Methods This article is a review based on a selective literature review.
Results Four phenomenological DWI models are introduced: diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, biexponential model, and diffusion kurtosis imaging. Their parameters may potentially improve PCa diagnostics but show varying degrees of statistical significance with respect to the detection and characterization of PCa in current studies. Phenomenological model parameters lack specificity, which has motivated the development of more descriptive tissue models that directly relate microstructural features to the DWI signal. Finally, we present two of such structural models, i. e. the VERDICT (Vascular, Extracellular, and Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumors) and RSI (Restriction Spectrum Imaging) model. Both have shown promising results in initial studies regarding the characterization and prognosis of PCa.
Conclusion Recent developments in DWI techniques promise increasing accuracy and more specific statements about microstructural changes of PCa. However, further studies are necessary to establish a standardized DWI protocol for the diagnosis of PCa.
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Transforming task representations to perform novel tasks
Authors: Lampinen Andrew K. , McClelland James L. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceAn intelligent system should be able to adapt to a novel task without any data and achieve at least moderate success. Humans can often do so, while models often require immense datasets to reach human-level performance. We propose a general computational framework by which models can adapt to new tasks based only on their relationship to old tasks. Our approach is based on transforming learned task representations. Our approach allows models to perform well on novel tasks, even using novel relationships not encountered during training. This adaptation can substantially accelerate later learning. Our work could contribute to understanding the computational basis of intelligence, to cognitive modeling, and to building more flexible forms of artificial intelligence.
Personal vs. personalized infinitives in Ibero-Romance
Authors: Graham Lamar A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The infinitives of several Romance languages can appear
with an overt subject. Languages such as Portuguese and Galician
feature inflectional morphology on infinitives with overt subjects –
the commonly named personal infinitives, such as
(nós) dizermos ‘us to speak’. Other languages,
such as Castilian1 and
Asturian, feature overt subjects alongside infinitives with no
corresponding agreement morphology on the verb – a structure I call
the personalized infinitive, such as
nosotros decir ~ decir
nosotros ‘us to speak’. Though superficially similar in
use, personal and personalized infinitives differ among
Ibero-Romance languages in their history and their uses in the
modern dialects. In this paper I distinguish both structures,
illustrating the morphosyntactic differences between the two. I also
argue for the influence of koineization and language contact as
impetus for the historical development of these forms in the various
languages.
Adult language and dialect learning as simultaneous environmental
triggers for language change in Spanish
Authors: Sanz-Sánchez Israel , Tejedo-Herrero Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Grammatical restructuring in contact situations is
customarily analyzed under the lens of either language
contact or dialect contact. In this study we argue that both
processes may operate jointly in social settings where dialectal
accommodation and adult L2 learning favor the same linguistic
outcomes. From an evolutionary perspective, this overlap between
both forms of contact may be conceptualized as a function of a
common underlying process, with speakers selecting features of
heterogeneous provenance, acquired at various life stages. We
exemplify this joint effect by focusing on two changes in the
history of Spanish: the rearrangement of the 3rd person object
clitic system in medieval southern Iberian Castilian and the merging
of the medieval sibilants in early colonial Spanish.
Searching for the sociolinguistic history of Afro-Panamanian
Congo speech
Authors: Lipski John M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Among the surviving Afro-Hispanic linguistic
manifestations, one of the most difficult to trace historically is
the speech of the Congos of Panama’s Caribbean
coast, who maintain a series of folkloric manifestations occurring
during Carnival season that includes a special language. According
to oral tradition, Congo speech was devised among
captive and maroon Africans in colonial Panama as a means of hiding
their speech from their colonial masters. Putting together the
contemporary variation in Congo speech and what
diachronic developments can be extrapolated, a complex picture
emerges that cannot be easily resolved with the notion that this
dialect developed exclusively as a cryptolect in contact with
Spanish colonists. The present study offers a plausible scenario,
based on synchronic variation and available historical
documentation.
The role of dispositional emotion regulation strategies on the longitudinal emotional process and subjective performance during a competitive season
Authors: Cece Valerian , Guillet‐Descas Emma , Brenas Mae , Martinent Guillaume 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to shed light on the associations between emotion regulation (ER) strategies used, their emotional processes (including cognitive appraisals and discrete emotions), and subjective performance across a competitive season. A sample of fifteen national‐level rink hockey players completed ER questionnaire at the beginning of the season (T0) and reported their experiences of everyday appraisal, emotions, and subjective performance every week. A series of hierarchical linear modelling analyses (HLM) were performed to investigate the associations between the variables. Sobel tests were computed to identify the mediating effects of emotions and appraisals on these relationships. HLM results revealed that (a) T0 adaptive ER strategies were positively related to adaptive appraisals; (b) adaptive appraisals were positively related to pleasant emotions and negatively with unpleasant emotions and opposite relationships emerged for maladaptive appraisals; (c) happiness was positively associated with subjective performance. Sobel tests provided evidence of mediating effects of (a) appraisals in the relationships between T0 adaptive ER and pleasant emotions; and (b) happiness in the relationships between appraisals and subjective performance. The results highlighted the positive relationships between the adaptive dispositional ER strategies at the beginning of the season and the emotional experiences. Moreover, the analyses revealed relationships between appraisals, emotions, and subjective performance of athletes. In sum, this study provided additional knowledge about the capture of the emotional process during a competitive season highlighting the associations between a variety of emotions and selected key variables in a competitive context (i.e. ER strategies, appraisal, subjective performance).
Algebraic derivation of Kramers–Pasternack relations based on the Schrödinger factorization method
Authors: Szymanski Tomasz , Freericks J K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Kramers–Pasternack relations are used to compute the moments of r (both positive and negative) for all radial energy eigenfunctions of hydrogenic atoms. They consist of two algebraic recurrence relations, one for positive powers and one for negative. Most derivations employ the Feynman–Hellmann theorem or a brute-force integration to determine the second inverse moment, which is needed to complete the recurrence relations for negative moments. In this work, we show both how to derive the recurrence relations algebraically and how to determine the second inverse moment algebraically, which removes the pedagogical confusion associated with differentiating the Hamiltonian with respect to the angular momentum quantum number l, which is restricted to be an integer, in order to find the inverse second moment.
Towards bi-magnetic nanocomposites as permanent magnets through the optimization of the synthesis and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19 nanocrystallites
Authors: Maltoni Pierfrancesco , Sarkar Tapati , Varvaro Gaspare , Barucca Gianni , Ivanov Sergey A , Peddis Davide , Mathieu Roland 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sol–gel synthesis was used in order to obtain nanocrystallites of the SrFe12O19 (SFO) hexaferrite in an efficient and reliable way. By optimizing the initial synthetic conditions, we were able to control the size of the nanoparticles (NPs), at lower annealing temperature. The x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and magnetic measurements have demonstrated a significant relation between the morphology, size, and magnetic properties of the nanoscale SFO, revealing a definite dependence on the crystallite size along the c-axis. The obtained NPs appear almost isotropic, in the form of platelets and exhibit similar magnetic performance, in terms of the energy product (BH)MAX, thus, demonstrating the suitability of reducing the annealing temperature without any deterioration in the magnetic properties. Additionally, this work illustrates the feasibility of the sol–gel bottom-up approach to employ magnetic NPs as building-blocks for designing hard/soft exchange-coupled bi-magnetic nanocomposites, combining the high coercivity of a hard phase (SFO) and the high saturation magnetization of a soft phase (CoFe2O4); in this regard, we discuss the tunability of the magnetic anisotropy by symbiotically restricting the growth of both phases.
Atomic oxygen generation in atmospheric pressure RF plasma jets driven by tailored voltage waveforms in mixtures of He and O2
Authors: Korolov I , Steuer D , Bischoff L , Hübner G , Liu Y , Schulz-von der Gathen V , Böke M , Mussenbrock T , Schulze J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Absolute atomic oxygen densities measured space resolved in the active plasma volume of a COST microplasma reference jet operated in He/O2 and driven by tailored voltage waveforms are presented. The measurements are performed for different shapes of the driving voltage waveform, oxygen admixture concentrations, and peak-to-peak voltages. Peaks- and valleys-waveforms constructed based on different numbers of consecutive harmonics, N, of the fundamental frequency f
0 = 13.56 MHz, different relative phases and amplitudes are used. The results show that the density of atomic oxygen can be controlled and optimized by voltage waveform tailoring (VWT). It is significantly enhanced by increasing the number of consecutive driving harmonics at fixed peak-to-peak voltage. The shape of the measured density profiles in the direction perpendicular to the electrodes can be controlled by VWT as well. For

N

>

1

and peaks-/valleys-waveforms, it exhibits a strong spatial asymmetry with a maximum at one of the electrodes due to the spatially asymmetric electron power absorption dynamics. Thus, the atomic oxygen flux can be directed primarily towards one of the electrodes. The generation of atomic oxygen can be further optimized by changing the reactive gas admixture and by tuning the peak-to-peak voltage amplitude. The obtained results are understood based on a detailed analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of energetic electrons revealed by phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy.