bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities associated with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McHugh Tobial , Levin Marc , Snidvongs Kornkiat , Banglawala Sarfaraz M. , Sommer Doron D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveEosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a histological subtype of CRS that is generally recognised as being more difficult to manage. Patients with ECRS tend to have greater disease severity and poorer treatment outcomes after sinus surgery when compared with non‐ECRS patients. The histopathology and biomarker assessments of ECRS are often unavailable prior to surgery and may be impractical and costly to analyse. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to understand clinical comorbidities associated with ECRS.Design/SettingWe searched three independent databases for articles that reported clinical CRS comorbidities associated with tissue eosinophilia. Data from studies with the same reported comorbidities were pooled, and a forest plot analysis was used to assess potential associations with four different conditions including allergic rhinitis, ASA sensitivity, asthma and atopy. The association between the phenotype of nasal polyps and ECRS was also quantified as a secondary objective. ECRS cut‐off levels were as defined by papers included.Main outcome/ResultsEighteen articles were identified. The presence of nasal polyps (the first numbers in brackets represent odds ratios) (5.85, 95% CI [3.61, 9.49], P < .00001), ASA sensitivity (5.63, 95% CI [3.43, 9.23], P < .00001), allergic rhinitis (1.84, 95% CI [1.27, 2.67], P = .001) and asthma (3.15, 95% CI [2.61, 3.82], P < .00001) were found to be significantly associated with tissue eosinophilia. Atopy, however, was not significantly associated with tissue eosinophilia (1.71, 95% CI [0.59, 4.95], P = .32).ConclusionCertain clinical disease characteristics such as ASA sensitivity, allergic rhinitis and asthma are more associated with CRS patients with eosinophilia when compared to those without eosinophilia. The phenotype of nasal polyps was also associated with ECRS. It is important for surgeons to recognise these comorbidities to ensure correct diagnoses, management and follow‐up are implemented.
Technical Note: Recommendations for Assessing Unit Nonresponse Bias in Dyadic Focused Empirical Supply Chain Management Research
Authors: Clottey Toyin , Benton W. C. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe last decade has seen an increase in empirical supply chain management research with dyadic data. Such data structures can further complicate the assessment of nonresponse bias, which plays a key role in establishing the credibility of research results. A survey of 75 research articles with dyadic data, published in five empirically focused supply chain management academic journals, over the last decade, reveals a lack of agreement on methods used in the assessment for potential unit nonresponse bias. Of the various statistical tests found, only the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) approach allows for a single statistical test to be utilized in assessing for potential unit nonresponse bias via incorporation of the design structure of the dyadic data. We investigate the use of an effect size confidence interval coverage, of a MANOVA, to detect a meaningful difference between respondents and nonrespondents correctly. Our results show that with dyadic data, such meaningful differences can be detected with significantly smaller sample size requirements than traditional approaches such as t‐tests or ANOVA. Recommendations are provided for setting up and executing a MANOVA to assess for potential unit nonresponse bias with dyadic data.
E/e' in relation to outcomes in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Tai Sarah B , Lau Wei Ren , Gao Fei , Hamid Nadira , Amanullah Mohammed Rizwan , Fam Jiang Ming , Yap Jonathan , Ewe See Hooi , Chan Mark Y. , Yeo Khung Keong , Ding Zee Pin , Sahlén Anders 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) is a high‐risk condition especially when filling pressure is raised, and earlier reports have suggested that E/e’ is associated with poor outcome. However, whether E/e’ predicts risk better than LVEF, which is the current standard of practice, is not known. We investigated this question in the largest and most rigorous study of MI patients so far.Methods and ResultsWe studied 660 patients with ST‐elevation MI (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and related E/e’ to short‐term mortality (in‐hospital death), as well as long‐term events at 2 years comprising (a) a composite of MI, stroke, heart failure, and death, and (b) death alone. Short‐term models were adjusted for age, sex, and LVEF. Long‐term models were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, revascularization procedure, history of MI, hypertension, renal function, drugs on discharge, and LVEF. Elevated E/e’> 15 indicated higher risk of short‐term events (n = 19:7.0% (95% confidence interval 3.4‐10.8%) vs. 1.0% (0.3 ‐ 2.3%); adjusted odds ratio 3.7 (1.3‐10.5)). While elevated E/e’ was also associated with long‐term outcomes (n = 103 composite events: 15.9% (11.9% – 21.4%) vs 6.8% (5.2% – 8.7%), P < .001; n = 38 death events: 6.0% (3.9% – 9.5%) vs 2.0% (1.3% – 3.2%), P = .001), E/e’ was rendered nonsignificant for long‐term outcomes by multivariable adjustment (p = ns for both). LVEF, on the contrary, was a highly significant predictor in the adjusted long‐term model.ConclusionE/e’ is associated with poor outcome in STEMI, but LVEF is a stronger predictor of long‐term risk.
Occurrence and correlates of depressive symptoms among the resettled Afghan refugees in a regional area of Australia
Authors: Hamrah Mohammad Shoaib , Hoang Ha , Mond Jonathan , Pahlavanzade Bagher , Charkazi Abdurrahman , Auckland Stuart 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsRefugees and asylum seekers are at high risk of mental health problems such as post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Elucidating the occurrence and correlates of these problems in specific resettled refugee populations may be helpful in informing tailored prevention and health promotion programs. We sought to elucidate the occurrence and correlates of depressive symptoms among Afghan refugees resettled in Launceston, a regional town of Australia.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 66 resettled Afghan refugees residing in Launceston in April 2019. We used the Hopkins symptoms checklist (HSCL‐25) and the post migration living difficulties scale (PMLD) to measure depression symptoms and post‐migration variables, respectively. Demographic characteristics and levels of physical activity were also assessed. Multivariate analysis was used to examine factors associated with depressive symptoms.ResultsHigh levels of depressive symptoms were reported by 21.2% of participants (95% CI: 12.1%‐33.0%) and were more common among female participants (41.2%, 95% CI: 18.4%‐67.1%) than male participants (14.3%, 95% CI: 5.9%‐27.2%). Isolation (loneliness, being or feeling alone) (OR = 19.5, 95% CI: 1.9‐203.5) and physical inactivity (OR = 9.2, 95% CI: 1.8‐45.8) were the only variables independently associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms were common among Afghan refugees living in Launceston, particularly women, and were associated with isolation and physical inactivity. Hence these factors might usefully be targeted in local health promotion and prevention programs.
Insight into the molecular sex dimorphism of ischaemic stroke in rat cerebral cortex: Focus on neuroglobin, sex steroids and autophagy
Authors: Acaz‐Fonseca Estefanía , Castelló‐Ruiz María , Burguete María C. , Aliena‐Valero Alicia , Salom Juan B. , Torregrosa Germán , García‐Segura Luis M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncluding sex is of paramount importance in preclinical and clinical stroke researches, and molecular studies dealing in depth with sex differences in stroke pathophysiology are needed. To gain insight into the molecular sex dimorphism of ischaemic stroke in rat cerebral cortex, male and female adult rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) and other functionally related molecules involved in sex steroid signalling (oestrogen and androgen receptors), steroidogenesis (StAR, TSPO and aromatase) and autophagic activity (LC3B‐II/LC3B‐I ratio, UCP2 and HIF‐1α) was assessed in the ipsilateral ischaemic and contralateral non‐ischaemic hemispheres. An increased expression of Ngb was detected in the injured female cerebral cortex. In contrast, increased expression of oestrogen receptor α, GPER, StAR, TSPO and UCP2, and decreased androgen receptor expression were detected in the injured male cortex. In both sexes, the ischaemic insult induced an upregulation of LC3B‐II/‐I ratio, indicative of increased autophagy. Therefore, the cerebral cortex activates both sex‐specific and common molecular responses with neuroprotective potential after ischaemia–reperfusion, which globally results in similar stroke outcome in both sexes. Nonetheless, these different potential molecular targets should be taken into account when neuroprotective drugs aiming to reduce brain damage in ischaemic stroke are investigated.
Diversity and coexistence are influenced by time‐dependent species interactions in a predator–prey system
Authors: Karakoç Canan , Clark Adam Thomas , Chatzinotas Antonis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough numerous studies show that communities are jointly influenced by predation and competitive interactions, few have resolved how temporal variability in these interactions influences community assembly and stability. Here, we addressed this challenge in experimental microbial microcosms by employing empirical dynamic modelling tools to: (1) detect causal interactions between prey species in the absence and presence of a predator; (2) quantify the time‐varying strength of these interactions and (3) explore stability in the resulting communities. Our findings show that predators boost the number of causal interactions among community members, and lead to reduced dynamic stability, but higher coexistence among prey species. These results correspond to time‐varying changes in species interactions, including emergence of morphological characteristics that appeared to reduce predation, and indirectly facilitate growth of predator‐susceptible species. Jointly, our findings suggest that careful consideration of both context and time may be necessary to predict and explain outcomes in multi‐trophic systems.
Two‐layered susceptibility vessel sign is associated with biochemically quantified thrombus red blood cell content
Authors: Di Meglio L. , Derraz I. , Solonomenjanahary M. , Daly D. , Chodraui Filho S. , Ben Maacha M. , Labreuche J. , Desal H. , Consoli A. , Lapergue B. , Blanc R. , Piotin M. , Mazighi M. , Ho‐Tin‐Noé B. , Desilles J. P. , Bourcier R. ,   the compoCLOT Research Investigators group
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeBetter characterization of the thrombus could be useful to determine acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) aetiology and predict response to thrombolysis and endovascular therapy (EVT). To test the hypothesis that susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is related to red blood cell (RBC) content of AIS thrombi, the total haemoglobin contents (HbCs) of AIS thrombi retrieved by EVT from patients with or without SVS or two‐layered SVS (TLSVS) were compared.MethodsBaseline MRI of 84 anterior AIS patients was reviewed by neuro‐radiologists blinded to clinical and biochemical data. Thrombi from these patients were retrieved by EVT and analysed for HbC by quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and measurement of haem concentration.ResultsSusceptibility vessel sign and TLSVS were respectively observed in 85.7% and 50.0% of cases. The median HbC content was 253 µg/mg thrombus (interquartile range 177–333) and the median haem content was 219 µg/mg thrombus (131–264). Thrombus HbC and haem content were highly correlated with thrombus RBC content determined by flow cytometry (r = 0.94). Thrombi from patients with TLSVS weighed more [31.1 (16.5–68.3) mg vs. 17.7 (11.7–33.3) mg; P = 0.005] and had a higher HbC content [278 (221–331) µg/mg vs. 196 (139–301) µg/mg; P = 0.010] compared to thrombi from patients without TLSVS. There was no difference in thrombus weight or HbC content according to SVS status.ConclusionsOur study shows that TLSVS is significantly associated with a higher thrombus weight and RBC content, as determined by quantitative assays.
Enhanced shrub growth in the Arctic increases habitat connectivity for browsing herbivores
Authors: Zhou Jiake , Tape Ken D. , Prugh Laura , Kofinas Gary , Carroll Geoff , Kielland Knut 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHabitat connectivity is a key factor influencing species range dynamics. Rapid warming in the Arctic is leading to widespread heterogeneous shrub expansion, but impacts of these habitat changes on range dynamics for large herbivores are not well understood. We use the climate–shrub–moose system of northern Alaska as a case study to examine how shrub habitat will respond to predicted future warming, and how these changes may impact habitat connectivity and the distribution of moose (Alces alces). We used a 19 year moose location dataset, a 568 km transect of field shrub sampling, and forecasted warming scenarios with regional downscaling to map current and projected shrub habitat for moose on the North Slope of Alaska. The tall‐shrub habitat for moose exhibited a dendritic spatial configuration correlated with river corridor networks and mean July temperature. Warming scenarios predict that moose habitat will more than double by 2099. Forecasted warming is predicted to increase the spatial cohesion of the habitat network that diminishes effects of fragmentation, which improves overall habitat quality and likely expands the range of moose. These findings demonstrate how climate change may increase habitat connectivity and alter the distributions of shrub herbivores in the Arctic, including creation of novel communities and ecosystems.
What lies beneath? Population dynamics conceal pace‐of‐life and sex ratio variation, with implications for resilience to environmental change
Authors: Bright Ross Julius G. , Newman Chris , Buesching Christina D. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLife‐history and pace‐of‐life syndrome theory predict that populations are comprised of individuals exhibiting different reproductive schedules and associated behavioural and physiological traits, optimized to prevailing social and environmental factors. Changing weather and social conditions provide in situ cues altering this life‐history optimality; nevertheless, few studies have considered how tactical, sex‐specific plasticity over an individual's lifespan varies in wild populations and influences population resilience. We examined the drivers of individual life‐history schedules using 31 years of trapping data and 28 years of pedigree for the European badger (Meles meles L.), a long‐lived, iteroparous, polygynandrous mammal that exhibits heterochrony in the timing of endocrinological puberty in male cubs. Our top model for the effects of environmental (social and weather) conditions during a badger's first year on pace‐of‐life explained <10% of variance in the ratio of fertility to age at first reproduction (F/α) and lifetime reproductive success. Conversely, sex ratio (SR) and sex‐specific density explained 52.8% (males) and 91.0% (females) of variance in adult F/α ratios relative to the long‐term population median F/α. Weather primarily affected the sexes at different life‐history stages, with energy constraints limiting the onset of male reproduction but playing a large role in female strategic energy allocation, particularly in relation to ongoing mean temperature increases. Furthermore, the effects of social factors on age of first reproduction and year‐to‐year reproductive success covaried differently with sex, likely due to sex‐specific responses to potential mate availability. For females, low same‐sex densities favoured early primiparity; for males, instead, up to 10% of yearlings successfully mated at high same‐sex densities. We observed substantial SR dynamism relating to differential mortality of life‐history strategists within the population, and propose that shifting ratios of ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ life‐history strategists contribute substantially to population dynamics and resilience to changing conditions.
A value chain approach to improve biomass policy formation
Authors: Panoutsou Calliope , Singh Asha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiomass value chains for energy, fuels and bio‐based products involve complex, cross sector interactions between their upstream and downstream stages. Overarching policymaking to date has included the use of biomass to deliver sector specific aims (e.g. climate change, energy, etc.) however, this is mostly planned without adjusting support across the most challenging stages of biomass value chains and exploiting specific advantages related to their geographic settings (e.g. domestic feedstocks, local markets, etc.). Policies to date have, therefore, resulted in fragmented, suboptimal biomass use and debates for sustainability and resource efficiency. This opinion paper arose from the project Strategic Initiative for Resource Efficient Biomass Policies Funded by the EU Commission. It discusses the development of a dedicated Biomass Policy Framework which applies the principles of value chain analysis in policy design to enable the market uptake of sustainable, domestic, resource efficient biomass solutions. Firstly, it explains how to provide context by identifying value chains which can offer competitive advantages for biomass mobilization, market infrastructures, rural and economic development within their geographic setting. Then the work builds on the context and prioritized value chains and further rationalizes policy needs and aims within individual value chain stages. This is done by identifying policy‐related challenges and gaps that constrain sustainable and resource efficient deployment of the selected value chains. Also, it suggests policy interventions that will overcome challenges, resolve gaps and as a result mobilize local biomass and improve market uptake. Finally, it discusses the contrasting paradigms for biomass policy formation within single sector target setting and the value chain approach of the Biomass Policy Framework and uses the case of low carbon biomass heat to illustrate the strengths of the suggested approach. The paper concludes with remarks for the concept of biomass value chain analysis in policy.
Learning how to teach unfamiliar subjects: developing training on writing for publication and presentation of research for health libraries
Authors: Barker Eleanor , Phillips Veronica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcademic librarians with teaching responsibility have traditionally delivered training in discovering and organising information. However, in recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on supporting researchers through all stages of the research lifecycle. While librarians are ideally placed to provide training in writing for publication and presentation of research, very few in the United Kingdom appear to be doing so. However, there are clear benefits to teaching these subjects. Based on feedback from faculty on user needs, the University of Cambridge Medical Library’s training programme was expanded to include training and support in the publication and presentation of research outputs. This article recounts the process by which the new courses were developed, and the techniques used by the library’s teaching staff to gain understanding of conventions and requirements of forms of written communication with which they were unfamiliar. It also evaluates the impact of the new courses, discusses next steps and provides advice for other librarians wishing to develop similar courses.D.I.
Screening everyday health information literacy among four populations
Authors: Hirvonen Noora , Enwald Heidi , Mayer Anne‐Kathrin , Korpelainen Raija , Pyky Riitta , Salonurmi Tuire , Savolainen Markku J. , Nengomasha Cathrine , Abankwah Ruth , Uutoni Wilhelm , Niemelä Raimo , Huotari Maija‐Leena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople face varying obstacles when interacting with health information in their everyday lives.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the applicability of a multidimensional Everyday Health Information Literacy (EHIL) screening tool in detecting people with challenges in accessing, understanding, evaluating and using health information in everyday situations.MethodsPreviously collected EHIL screening tool data from Finnish upper secondary school students (n = 217), Finnish young men (n = 1450), Finnish adults with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (n = 559) and Namibian university students (n = 271) were reanalysed to examine the factorial structure of the tool and to compare the groups. Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analyses, calculation of mean factor scores and one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsA three factor structure (‘awareness’, ‘access’, ‘assessment’) for the screening tool was supported based on the Finnish samples. However, the Namibian data did not follow a similar structure. Significant differences in groupwise factor scores were discovered.DiscussionThe findings suggest that the multidimensional EHIL screening tool can be used in pointing out areas where individuals or groups may need support.ConclusionThe tool may be useful to health information and library services workers when counselling or educating the public.
A 100 m.y. record of volcanic arc evolution in Nicaragua
Authors: Flores Kennet E. , Gazel Esteban 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe processes that result in arc magmas are critical to understanding element recycling in subduction zones, yet little is known about how these systems evolve with time. Nicaragua provides an opportunity to reconstruct the history of a volcanic arc since the Cretaceous. Here we present the stratigraphy of the Cretaceous–Eocene volcanic units in Nicaragua and their relationship to the different tectonic units where the arc developed. We discovered an evolution from an arc‐dominated by calc‐alkaline compositions in the Cretaceous–Eocene, to transitional compositions in the Oligocene–Miocene, to finally tholeiitic magmas common in the modern volcanic front. Our petrographic studies confirm that in the Cretaceous–Eocene the olivine + clinopyroxene cotectic was followed by clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± amphibole. Given the abundance of amphibole and the lack of this mineral in the modern volcanic front, the Cretaceous–Eocene Arc melts were likely more water‐rich than modern Nicaragua, suppressing the crystallization of plagioclase after olivine. We also found temporal changes in element ratios that are sensitive to variations in sediment input. The Cretaceous–Eocene Arc is characterized by a lower Ba/Th compared to the Oligocene–Miocene and modern volcanic front samples, suggesting that the sediment input was lower in Ba, possibly analogous to old deep siliceous sediment subducting in the western Pacific. Both U/Th and U/La are higher in the modern volcanics, reflecting higher U/Th in the subducting sediments following the 'Carbonate Crash'. Finally, we found that the orientation of the arc axis also changed, from northeast‐southwest in the Cretaceous–Eocene to northwest‐southeast after the Oligocene. This change probably records variations in the location of the subduction zone as this region shaped into its current geographic configuration.