bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new discrete wavelet transform appropriate for hardware implementation
Authors: Meshkat Amin , Dehghani Rasoul 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA new method for computation of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is introduced. The impulse response of the FIR filter, as the main block in filter bank (FB) method, is realized such that orthonormal wavelet transform is achieved without using any multiplier as the most challenging part of the FIR filters. The occupied slices and LUTs in the FPGA realization of the proposed wavelet in comparison with those of Daubechies wavelet are decreased by %50 and %56, respectively.
Regeneration and repair in the healing lung
Authors: Lucas Andrew , Yasa Joe , Lucas Michaela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe lung achieves an efficient gas exchange between a complex non‐sterile atmosphere and the body via a delicate and extensive epithelial surface, with high efficiency because of elastic deformation allowing for an increase and decrease in volume during the process of breathing and because of an extensive vasculature which aids rapid gas diffusion. The lungs’ large surface area exposes the organ to a continual risk of damage from pathogens, toxins or irritants; however, lung damage can be rapidly healed via regenerative processes that restore its structure and function. In response to sustained and extensive damage, the lung is healed via a non‐regenerative process resulting in scar tissue which locally stiffens its structure, which over time leads to a serious loss of lung function and to increasing morbidities. This review discusses what is known about the factors which influence whether a lung is healed by regeneration or repair and what potential new therapeutic approaches may positively influence lung healing.
A Bethesda‐like system for breast cytopathology: A retrospective assessment two decades on
Authors: Layfield Lester J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been used for many decades in the investigation of breast lesions. Originally, cases were signed out using the categories benign and malignant. The benign category contained specimens showing fibrocystic change as well as benign neoplasms such as fibroadenoma. The malignant category contained carcinomas, lymphomas, and phyllodes tumors with specific diagnoses often given in place of the term malignant. Categorization was less clear when the cytopathologists could not definitively separate benign from malignant. This led to the use of terms, such as atypical, suspicious for malignancy, and atypical suspicious with variable definitions and utilization among cytopathologists. In 1997, a uniform approach to breast FNAB was proposed with well‐defined diagnostic categories and criteria. This system foreshadowed the recent International Academy of Cytology Standardized Reporting System for Breast Fine‐Needle Aspiration Biopsy. These two systems are compared and contrasted.
Role of nuclear morphometry in diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms
Authors: Chaurasia Jai Kumar , Gupta Vikas , Mayank Vipul , Tiwari Ishan Raj , Joshi Deepti , Goel Garima , Kapoor Neelkamal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFine needle aspiration cytology is an important diagnostic tool in salivary gland cytopathology. However, cytology of salivary gland neoplasms shows diversity with morphological overlap, heterogeneity and subjective variability, posing diagnostic challenge. Nuclear cytomorphometric image analysis turns the subjective criteria into quantitative parameters, which may aid not only in differentiating between benign and malignant tumours but also can aid in categorising challenging cases with morphological overlap.MethodsA retrospective analysis of Papanicolaou stained fine needle aspirate smears from 50 patients with salivary gland neoplasms, with available follow‐up histopathology, was performed. The aspirates were categorised in to three neoplastic categories of Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytology (MSRSGC) that is benign neoplasm, salivary gland neoplasm with uncertain malignant potential, and malignant. The smears were subjected to cytomorphometric image analysis using Image Pro Software (version 10). Each nucleus was analysed for 13 parameters including aspect ratio, intensity, diameter, perimeter, roundness, area, Feret diameter, circularity, radii, Fournier description and chromatin texture characteristics such as margination, heterogeneity and clumpiness. The data obtained was compared through relevant statistical methods.ResultsThe comparative morphometric data obtained for parameters using ANOVA, for the three categories showed statistically significant P values (<0.001). The post hoc test (Games‐Howel) test also showed significant P values (<.001).ConclusionCytomorphometric image analysis is an important tool in diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms and can improve the diagnostic accuracy for better treatment and improved prognosis. However, more studies with larger sample size may be needed in future for further affirming its role.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of subclinical pulmonary congestion at discharge in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Rivas‐Lasarte Mercedes , Maestro Alba , Fernández‐Martínez Juan , López‐López Laura , Solé‐González Eduard , Vives‐Borrás Miquel , Montero Santiago , Mesado Nuria , Pirla Maria J. , Mirabet Sonia , Fluvià Paula , Brossa Vicens , Sionis Alessandro , Roig Eulàlia , Cinca Juan , Álvarez‐García Jesús 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsResidual pulmonary congestion at hospital discharge can worsen the outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and can be detected by lung ultrasound (LUS). The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of subclinical pulmonary congestion at discharge and its impact on prognosis in patients admitted for acute HF.Methods and resultsThis is a post‐hoc analysis of the LUS‐HF trial. LUS was performed by the investigators in eight chest zones with a pocket device. Physical exam was subsequently performed by the treating physicians. Primary outcome was a combined endpoint of rehospitalization, unexpected visit for HF worsening or death at 6‐ month follow‐up. Subclinical pulmonary congestion at discharge was defined as the presence of ≥5 B‐lines in LUS in absence of rales in the auscultation employing the area under the ROC curve. At discharge, 100 patients (81%) did not show clinical signs of pulmonary congestion. Of these, 41 had ≥5 B‐lines. Independent factors related with the presence of subclinical pulmonary congestion were anaemia, higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP). After adjusting by propensity score analysis including age, renal insufficiency, atrial fibrillation, NYHA class, NT‐proBNP levels, clinical congestion, and the trial intervention, the presence of subclinical pulmonary congestion at discharge was a risk factor for the occurrence of the primary outcome (hazard ratio 2.63; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–6.41; P = 0.033).ConclusionsUp to 40% of patients considered ‘dry’ according to pulmonary auscultation presents subclinical congestion at hospital discharge that can be detected by LUS and implies a worse prognosis at 6‐ month follow‐up. Comorbidities, high values of natriuretic peptides, and higher NYHA class are the factors related with its presence.
Rethinking the Importance of the Individual within a Community of Data
Authors: Spector‐Bagdady Kayte , Beever Jonathan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Covid‐19 crisis has underscored the importance of the collection and analysis of clinical and research data and specimens for ongoing work. The federal government recently completed a related revision of the human subjects research regulations, founded in the traditional principles of research ethics, but in this commentary, we argue that the analysis underpinning this revision overemphasized the importance of informed consent, given the low risks of secondary research. Governing the interests of a community is different from governing the interests of individuals, and here we suggest that, moving forward, the analyses of the risks of secondary research protocols be assessed from the perspective of the former.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging multivoxel pattern analysis reveals neuronal substrates for collaboration and competition with myopic and predictive strategic reasoning
Authors: Kim Dong‐Youl , Jung Eun Kyung , Zhang Jun , Lee Soo‐Young , Lee Jong‐Hwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCompetition and collaboration are strategies that can be used to optimize the outcomes of social interactions. Research into the neuronal substrates underlying these aspects of social behavior has been limited due to the difficulty in distinguishing complex activation via univariate analysis. Therefore, we employed multivoxel pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging to reveal the neuronal activations underlying competitive and collaborative processes when the collaborator/opponent used myopic/predictive reasoning. Twenty‐four healthy subjects participated in 2 × 2 matrix‐based sequential‐move games. Searchlight‐based multivoxel patterns were used as input for a support vector machine using nested cross‐validation to distinguish game conditions, and identified voxels were validated via the regression of the behavioral data with bootstrapping. The left anterior insula (accuracy = 78.5%) was associated with competition, and middle frontal gyrus (75.1%) was associated with predictive reasoning. The inferior/superior parietal lobules (84.8%) and middle frontal gyrus (84.7%) were associated with competition, particularly in trials with a predictive opponent. The visual/motor areas were related to response time as a proxy for visual attention and task difficulty. Our results suggest that multivoxel patterns better represent the neuronal substrates underlying the social cognition of collaboration and competition intermixed with myopic and predictive reasoning than do univariate features.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of racial survival disparities among oropharyngeal cancer cases by HPV status
Authors: Stein Eva , Lenze Nicholas R. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Hayes D. Neil , Mazul Angela , Sheth Siddharth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a well documented racial disparity in overall survival for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC); however, it is unknown to what extent this disparity varies by HPV‐status.MethodsA literature search was conducted through December 2019 using Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Clinicaltrials.gov. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A meta‐analysis was conducted using random effects models to obtain pooled hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsOf 649 studies initially identified, 20 studies met criteria for the narrative review. There were four studies evaluating survival by race in HPV‐positive OPSCC and five studies in HPV‐negative OPSCC suitable for pooling. The pooled HR associated with black race was 1.10 (95% CI 0.96‐1.23) among patients with HPV‐positive (n = 23 608) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.12‐1.88) among patients with HPV‐negative (n = 12 112). There was notable heterogeneity (I2 = 83%) and publication bias among the HPV‐negative OPSCC studies.ConclusionsThe racial disparity in OPSCC survival persists for HPV‐negative disease and is nonsignificant for HPV‐positive disease. Unmeasured differences in socioeconomic status and access to care may contribute to this disparity.
What is the hold up?—Mixed‐methods analysis of postoperative radiotherapy delay in head and neck cancer
Authors: Sykes Kevin J. , Morrow Emily , Smith Joshua B. , Holcomb Andrew J. , TenNapel Mindi , Lominska Christopher E. , Bur Andrés M. , Kakarala Kiran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDelays in postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) increase the risk for recurrence and mortality. The multifactorial nature of delays calls for an in‐depth understanding of potential contributors from the patient's and provider's perspectives. We sought to identify causes of delays in adjuvant radiotherapy initiation for HNC.MethodsWe performed a mixed‐methods study including patients with HNC care team members. Forty in‐depth interviews were performed (26 patients; 14 care team members). Timing and demographic data were collected from medical records.ResultsMedian time from surgery to radiotherapy initiation was 45 days; 15 participants began after 42 days. Process delays and failure to communicate the urgency and significance of PORT initiation contributes to delays. Patients with a strong social support system experience less delays.ConclusionsAchieving reductions in PORT initiation requires efficient care coordination, improved communication between interdisciplinary teams, and strengthening social support systems for patients with HNC.
Transoral robotic selective neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma: Dissection of Levels III and IV
Authors: Tae Kyung , Kim Keon‐Ho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present the operative procedure of transoral robotic selective neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma. A 28‐year‐old woman, diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastasis at right level IV, underwent total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection, and selective neck dissection involving levels III and IV via the transoral robotic approach. A 1.5‐2‐cm central incision was made near the base of the lower lip frenulum, and two lateral incisions were made close to the oral commissure. An additional right axillary port was made to place a third robotic instrument for counter‐traction. The operation was completed successfully without conversion to the conventional transcervical approach. The working space and surgical view were enough to perform selective neck dissection of levels III and IV. There were no major postoperative complications. Transoral robotic selective neck dissection of levels III and IV is feasible and safe in selected patients.
Long‐term in vivo integrity and safety of 3D‐bioprinted cartilaginous constructs
Authors: Apelgren Peter , Amoroso Matteo , Säljö Karin , Lindahl Anders , Brantsing Camilla , Stridh Orrhult Linnéa , Markstedt Kajsa , Gatenholm Paul , Kölby Lars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLong‐term stability and biological safety are crucial for translation of 3D‐bioprinting technology into clinical applications. Here, we addressed the long‐term safety and stability issues associated with 3D‐bioprinted constructs comprising a cellulose scaffold and human cells (chondrocytes and stem cells) over a period of 10 months in nude mice. Our findings showed that increasing unconfined compression strength over time significantly improved the mechanical stability of the cell‐containing constructs relative to cell‐free scaffolds. Additionally, the cell‐free constructs exhibited a mean compressive stress and stiffness (compressive modulus) of 0.04 ± 0.05 MPa and 0.14 ± 0.18 MPa, respectively, whereas these values for the cell‐containing constructs were 0.11 ± 0.08 MPa (p = .019) and 0.53 ± 0.59 MPa (p = .012), respectively. Moreover, histomorphologic analysis revealed that cartilage formed from the cell‐containing constructs harbored an abundance of proliferating chondrocytes in clusters, and after 10 months, resembled native cartilage. Furthermore, extension of the experiment over the complete lifecycle of the animal model revealed no signs of ossification, fibrosis, necrosis, or implant‐related tumor development in the 3D‐bioprinted constructs. These findings confirm the in vivo biological safety and mechanical stability of 3D‐bioprinted cartilaginous tissues and support their potential translation into clinical applications.
CCN1/Cyr61 Is Required in Osteoblasts for Responsiveness to the Anabolic Activity of PTH
Authors: Zhao Gexin , Kim Elliot W , Jiang Jie , Bhoot Chimay , Charles Kemberly R , Baek Jongseung , Mohan Subburaman , Adams John S , Tetradis Sotirios , Lyons Karen M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
CCN1/Cyr61 is a dynamically expressed matricellular protein that serves regulatory functions in multiple tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that CCN1 regulates bone maintenance. Using an osteoblast and osteocyte conditional knockout mouse model (Ccn1OCN), we found a significant decrease in trabecular and cortical bone mass in vivo, in part through suppression of Wnt signaling since the expression of the Wnt antagonist sclerostin (SOST) is increased in osteoblasts lacking CCN1. It has been established that parathyroid hormone (PTH) signaling also suppresses SOST expression in bone. We therefore investigated the interaction between CCN1 and PTH-mediated responses in this study. We find that loss of Ccn1 in osteoblasts leads to impaired responsiveness to anabolic intermittent PTH treatment in Ccn1OCN mice in vivo and in osteoblasts from these mice in vitro. Analysis of Ccn1OCN mice demonstrated a significant decrease in parathyroid hormone receptor-1 (PTH1R) expression in osteoblasts in vivo and in vitro. We investigated the regulatory role of a non-canonical integrin-binding domain of CCN1 because several studies indicate that specific integrins are critical to mechanotransduction, a PTH-dependent response, in bone. These data suggest that CCN1 regulates the expression of PTH1R through interaction with the αvβ3 and/or αvβ5 integrin complexes. Osteoblasts that express a mutant form of CCN1 that cannot interact with αvβ3/β5 integrin demonstrate a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of both PTH1R and αv integrin. Overall, these data suggest that the αvβ3/β5-binding domain of CCN1 is required to endow PTH signaling with anabolic activity in bone cells. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Association between mitochondrial DNA content and opium exposure
Authors: Ebrahimi Elmira , Akhavan Mohammad H. , Akrami Rahim , Mahmoodi Majid , Hesami Sara , Hashemi Mehrdad , Razavi Seyed M. , Hadji Maryam , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo date, not much study has been done to investigate the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number as the potential biomarker for opium exposure. Here, we conducted a cross‐sectional study to determine the relative mtDNA content as the potential biomarker for opium exposure. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to investigate the mtDNA copy number variation across 205 individuals, including blood samples of 45 opium users, 41 cigarette users, 47 dual users, and 72 never users of any product. We found a significantly higher mtDNA content among the opium‐only users (adjusted OR: 3.21; 95% CI: [1.34, 7.66]; P = .009) and dual users (adjusted OR: 2.64; 95% CI: [1.15, 6.1]; P = .02) compared to that in never users even after adjustment for confounding factors, age, and sex. Discordantly, analysis of mitochondrial DNA in cigarette smokers revealed an indirect association between cigarette smoking and mtDNA content although it was not statistically significant. The reason behind the increased mitochondrial DNA is unclear. The possible hypothesis is that there might be a way to compensate for the oxidative damage induced by opium consumption. Taken together, our findings indicated that the mtDNA copy number may alter during opium exposure. Since changes in the mitochondrial DNA copy number was associated with the etiology of many diseases including cancer, further investigations on the mtDNA copy number may shed light on the carcinogenicity of opium consumption and means for early detection among the populations who have been exposed to opium and its products.
Angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 protects retinal vascular endothelial cells under hyperoxia by inhibiting autophagy
Authors: Yao Guomin , Li Rong , Du Junhui , Yao Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAngiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1 (AGGF1) has strong proangiogenic effects on embryonic vascular development and angiogenesis in disease; however, its role in retinopathy has not been elucidated. Retinopathy of prematurity is a serious retinal disorder of premature infants, which is caused by the arrest of immature retinal vascular growth under hyperoxia. This study aims to investigate the effects of AGGF1 on retinal vascular endothelial cells under hyperoxia and the association with autophagy by using rhesus macaque choroid‐retinal endothelial (RF/6A) cells. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression of AGGF1 in RF/6A cells. Cell Counting Kit‐8, flow cytometry, and transwell and matrigel assays were applied to detect the vitality, apoptosis, migration, and tube formation of RF/6A cells, respectively. Western blot analysis was then used to detect the expression of autophagy markers LC3 and Beclin‐1, and mCherry‐GFP‐LC3 adenovirus was used to detect autophagy flux in RF/6A cells. Under hyperoxia, the expression of AGGF1 in RF/6A cells decreased compared with the control. Cell vitality, migration, and tube formation decreased, and apoptosis of RF/6A cells increased under hyperoxia, and these effects of hyperoxia were attenuated by AGGF1. The protein expressions of LC3 and Beclin‐1 increased in RF/6A cells and autophagy flux enhanced under hyperoxia. AGGF1 reduced the expression of LC3 and Beclin‐1 as well as the autophagy flux stimulated by hyperoxia. The results clearly showed that exogenous AGGF1 can protect retinal vascular endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis under hyperoxia, in which the expression of AGGF1 was inhibited. Inhibition of autophagy by AGGF1 may be one of the mechanisms involved.
The role of acceptance in mood improvement during Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction
Authors: Arlt Mutch Virginia K. , Evans Susan , Wyka Katarzyna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study elucidates the association between acceptance, mindfulness, and psychological well‐being in a community‐based sample participating in a Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program.MethodParticipants (n = 52) completed an 8‐week MBSR program at an academic medical center. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ‐II) at pre‐ and post‐MSBR programs.ResultsSerial mediation analysis suggested that changes in mindfulness preceded changes in acceptance, which improved well‐being (indirect effect = −6.57, 95% confidence interval [CI; −13.38, −1.57]). Participants with low pre‐MSBR acceptance significantly increased acceptance and well‐being (p < .001). Moderated mediation models suggested that the pre‐MBSR acceptance level moderated the mindfulness‐acceptance and the acceptance‐well‐being link.ConclusionsAcceptance may be related to mindfulness and pre‐MSBR acceptance may differentially affect outcomes. Limitations include a nonclinical sample and a lack of a control group. Future research may examine mindfulness “dose” and other mechanisms that facilitate improvements in outcomes.