bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating in vivo fast spin echo high angular resolution diffusion imaging with an isotropic resolution in mice through compressed sensing
Authors: Naeyaert Maarten , Aelterman Jan , Van Audekerke Johan , Golkov Vladimir , Cremers Daniel , Pižurica Aleksandra , Sijbers Jan , Verhoye Marleen 
Published: October 2020

PurposeEcho planar imaging (EPI) is commonly used to acquire the many volumes needed for high angular resolution diffusion Imaging (HARDI), posing a higher risk for artifacts, such as distortion and deformation. An alternative to EPI is fast spin echo (FSE) imaging, which has fewer artifacts but is inherently slower. The aim is to accelerate FSE such that a HARDI data set can be acquired in a time comparable to EPI using compressed sensing.MethodsCompressed sensing was applied in either q‐space or simultaneously in k‐space and q‐space, by undersampling the k‐space in the phase‐encoding direction or retrospectively eliminating diffusion directions for different degrees of undersampling. To test the replicability of the acquisition and reconstruction, brain data were acquired from six mice, and a numerical phantom experiment was performed. All HARDI data were analyzed individually using constrained spherical deconvolution, and the apparent fiber density and complexity metric were evaluated, together with whole‐brain tractography.ResultsThe apparent fiber density and complexity metric showed relatively minor differences when only q‐space undersampling was used, but deteriorate when k‐space undersampling was applied. Likewise, the tract density weighted image showed good results when only q‐space undersampling was applied using 15 directions or more, but information was lost when fewer volumes or k‐space undersampling were used.ConclusionIt was found that acquiring 15 to 20 diffusion directions with a full k‐space and reconstructed using compressed sensing could suffice for a replicable measurement of quantitative measures in mice, where areas near the sinuses and ear cavities are untainted by signal loss.
High‐resolution MRI of mummified tissues using advanced short‐T2 methodology and hardware
Authors: Baadsvik Emily Louise , Weiger Markus , Froidevaux Romain , Rösler Manuela Barbara , Brunner David Otto , Öhrström Lena , Rühli Frank Jakobus , Eppenberger Patrick , Pruessmann Klaas Paul 
Published: October 2020

PurposeEvolutionary medicine aims to study disease development from a long‐term perspective, and through the analysis of mummified tissue, timescales of several thousand years are unlocked. Due to the status of mummies as ancient relics, noninvasive techniques are preferable, and, currently, CT imaging is the most widespread method. However, CT images lack soft‐tissue contrast, making complementary MRI data desirable. Unfortunately, the dehydrated nature and short T2 times of mummified tissues render them practically invisible to standard MRI techniques. Specialized short‐T2 approaches have therefore been used, but currently suffer severe resolution limitations. The purpose of the present study is to improve resolution in MRI of mummified tissues.MethodsThe zero‐TE‐based hybrid filling technique, together with a high‐performance magnetic field gradient, was used to image three ancient Egyptian mummified human body parts: a hand, a foot, and a head. A similar pairing has already been shown to increase resolution and image quality in MRI of short‐T2 tissues.ResultsMRI images of yet unparalleled image quality were obtained for all samples, reaching isotropic resolutions of 0.6 mm and SNR values above 100. The same general features as present in CT images were depicted but with different contrast, particularly for regions containing embalming substances.ConclusionMummy MRI is a potentially valuable tool for (paleo)pathological studies, as well as for investigations into ancient mummification processes. The results presented here show sufficient improvement in the depiction of mummified tissues to clear new paths for the exploration of this field.
Nanoparticle ink‐based silicon Schottky diodes operating up to 2.84 GHz
Authors: Kühnel Laura , Neumann Kevin , Neises Julian , Langer Fabian , Erni Daniel , Schmechel Roland , Benson Niels 
Published: October 2020

AbstractToday's printed, flexible electronics are often limited by the electronic performance enabled by the used functional semiconductor ink. Thin films from such inks typically exhibit a low charge carrier mobility, which inhibits high frequency device operation and limits their use for applications within the Internet‐of‐Things concept, such as wireless electronic tags and sensors. Our approach to overcome this issue is the use of printable silicon. The silicon is deposited using nanoparticle inks and is subsequently processed into self‐organized crystalline μ‐cone shaped structures using an excimer laser treatment. Due to the high crystallinity of the Si μ‐cones, they can be used for devices capable of high frequency operation. In this article, this is demonstrated on the example of a Schottky diode operating at switching speeds up to 2.84 GHz and thereby putting printable high frequency electronics within reach.
Responsive make‐to‐order supply chain network design
Authors: Aboolian Robert , Berman Oded , Wang Jiamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we address two network design problems for a responsive supply chain that consists of make‐to‐order (make‐to‐assemble) facilities facing stochastic demand and service time. The response time to customer orders, critical to the success of the supply chain, is the sum of the flow time in the facility and the delivery time to the customers. The response time performance in our models is measured by the probability that the response time is shorter than a constant. This nonlinear performance measure makes the models less or not tractable. The objective of both problems is to minimize the expected network cost that consists of the cost of delivery to customers as a function of the time of delivery (or the mode of transportation), the fixed cost of locating facilities and the capacity cost as a linear function of the processing capacity. The main decision variables are the number and locations of facilities, the resources allocated to them and the delivery mode selected between facilities and demand. In the first problem, a constraint is imposed to ensure an acceptable response time level. In the second problem, a penalty is charged on the number of days that each unit is delivered later than the targeted response time and is incorporated into the objective function. In the first problem, the probabilistic constraint on the flow time can be linearized and the problem can be formulated as an integer linear programming model. In the second problem, we propose an approximation approach to linearize the objective function and an iterative search and cut algorithm to combine linear approximation with neighborhood search. A multi‐start meta‐heuristic is also suggested. Computational experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of these solution procedures. Recommendations are made on the basis of the computational results. This appears to be the first study in the area of locating capacitated facilities with stochastic demand to incorporate the delivery mode choice decision and to evaluate the expected congestion cost as a function of the actual flow time in the facilities, instead of the average one. The models developed enable the decision maker to investigate the effect of a combination of facility location, capacity allocation, and delivery mode decisions on the expected network cost and the response time. In addition, the findings of the computational experiments shed light on tuning parameters of approximation algorithms.
Numerical and theoretical discussions for solving nonlinear generalized Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation based on the Legendre spectral element method
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Shafieeabyaneh Nasim , Abbaszadeh Mostafa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article is devoted to solving numerically the nonlinear generalized Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers (GBBMB) equation that has several applications in physics and applied sciences. First, the time derivative is approximated by using a finite difference formula. Afterward, the stability and convergence analyses of the obtained time semi‐discrete are proven by applying the energy method. Also, it has been demonstrated that the convergence order in the temporal direction isO(dt). Second, a fully discrete formula is acquired by approximating the spatial derivatives via Legendre spectral element method. This method uses Lagrange polynomial based on Gauss–Legendre–Lobatto points. An error estimation is also given in detail for full discretization scheme. Ultimately, the GBBMB equation in the one‐ and two‐dimension is solved by using the proposed method. Also, the calculated solutions are compared with theoretical solutions and results obtained from other techniques in the literature. The accuracy and efficiency of the mentioned procedure are revealed by numerical samples.
Homeopathic Treatment as an Add-On Therapy May Improve Quality of Life and Prolong Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Three-Arm, Multicenter Study
Authors: Frass Michael , Lechleitner Peter , Gründling Christa , Pirker Claudia , Grasmuk-Siegl Erwin , Domayer Julian , Hochmair Maximilian , Gaertner Katharina , Duscheck Cornelia , Muchitsch Ilse , Marosi Christine , Schumacher Michael , Zöchbauer-Müller Sabine , Manchanda Raj K. , Schrott Andrea , Burghuber Otto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLessons LearnedConventional medicine and homeopathy work well together. Quality of life improves with additive homeopathy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Survival improves with additive homeopathy in patients with NSCLC.BackgroundPatients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have limited treatment options. Alongside conventional anticancer treatment, additive homeopathy might help to alleviate side effects of conventional therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether additive homeopathy might influence quality of life (QoL) and survival in patients with NSCLC.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, three-arm, multicenter, phase III study, we evaluated the possible effects of additive homeopathic treatment compared with placebo in patients with stage IV NSCLC, with respect to QoL in the two randomized groups and survival time in all three groups. Treated patients visited the outpatients' centers every 9 weeks: 150 patients with stage IV NSCLC were included in the study; 98 received either individualized homeopathic remedies (n = 51) or placebo (n = 47) in a double-blinded fashion; and 52 control patients without any homeopathic treatment were observed for survival only. The constituents of the different homeopathic remedies were mainly of plant, mineral, or animal origin. The remedies were manufactured by stepwise dilution and succussion, thereby preparing stable Good Manufacturing Practice grade formulations.ResultsQoL as well as functional and symptom scales showed significant improvement in the homeopathy group when compared with placebo after 9 and 18 weeks of homeopathic treatment (p &lt; .001). Median survival time was significantly longer in the homeopathy group (435 days) versus placebo (257 days; p = .010) as well as versus control (228 days; p &lt; .001). Survival rate in the homeopathy group differed significantly from placebo (p = .020) and from control (p &lt; .001).ConclusionQoL improved significantly in the homeopathy group compared with placebo. In addition, survival was significantly longer in the homeopathy group versus placebo and control. A higher QoL might have contributed to the prolonged survival. The study suggests that homeopathy positively influences not only QoL but also survival. Further studies including other tumor entities are warranted.
α‐Tocopherol suppresses hepatic steatosis by increasing CPT‐1 expression in a mouse model of diet‐induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Tokoro Masanori , Gotoh Koro , Kudo Yoko , Hirashita Yuka , Iwao Masao , Arakawa Mie , Endo Mizuki , Oribe Junya , Masaki Takayuki , Honda Koichi , Kakuma Tetsuya , Seike Masataka , Murakami Kazunari , Shibata Hirotaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimAntioxidant therapy for with vitamin E appears to be effective for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease　(NAFLD). However, the mechanism of action and optimal therapeutic dosage is unclear. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the effects of α‐tocopherol (α‐Toc) on NAFLD are dose‐dependent in a diet‐induced obese model.MethodsMale mice were fed standard chow, high‐fat (HF) diet, HF diet with low‐dose, or with high dose of α‐Toc supplementation. Histological findings, triglyceride content, and the levels of protein expression related to fatty acid synthesis/oxidation such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT‐1) of liver were evaluated. In addition, 2‐tetradecylglycidic acid (TDGA), a CPT‐1 inhibitor, was administered to mice fed HF diet with low‐dose of α‐Toc. Finally, HepG2 cells in fat‐loaded environment were treated with 0–50 μM α‐Toc.ResultsTreatment of low‐dose of α‐Toc decreased HF‐induced hepatic fat accumulation, but this finding was not observed in treatment of high dose of α‐Toc. HF‐induced reduction of CPT‐1 was attenuated with low‐dose of α‐Toc but not with high dose of α‐Toc. TDGA suppressed the improvement of histological findings in liver induced by low‐dose of α‐Toc treatment. CPT‐1 expression in HepG2 cells increased in response to low‐dose of α‐Toc, but not in high dose.ConclusionsDual action of α‐Toc on CPT‐1 protein levels was observed. The effect of vitamin E on NAFLD may be not be dose‐dependent.
Spinal changes after craniospinal irradiation in pediatric patients
Authors: Oshiro Yoshiko , Mizumoto Masashi , Pan Haitao , Kaste Sue C. , Gajjar Amar , Merchant Thomas E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate long‐term degenerative changes in bone and soft tissue after craniospinal irradiation (CSI).ProcedureAn analysis was performed for 892 vertebral bodies in 220 pediatric patients treated with CSI. To analyze vertebral growth, vertebral body height was calculated. Signal changes for vertebral bodies on MRI, scoliosis and kyphosis, degenerative changes of vertebral bones and discs, and wedging or vertebral height loss were analyzed on images, and factors that influenced these changes were investigated.ResultsVertebral growth was significantly correlated with radiation dose and growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Growth rate was significantly worse at a dose >39 Gy. Fatty marrow change was found in 83% of patients, 31% had disc degenerative changes, 13% had degenerative changes of spinal bones, 17% had wedging or spinal height loss, and 27% had scoliosis.ConclusionsVertebral bone growth was significantly reduced when high doses were administered, and adequate GH replacement was important for bone growth. Even with symmetrical irradiation, the risk of scoliosis is high after CSI. There was also frequent progression of spinal demineralization and degenerative changes after CSI. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to spinal symptoms as pediatric patients grow into adulthood.
Integrated DNA and RNA sequencing reveals targetable alterations in metastatic pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Potter Samara L. , Reuther Jacquelyn , Chandramohan Raghu , Gandhi Ilavarasi , Hollingsworth Faith , Sayeed Hadi , Voicu Horatiu , Kakkar Nipun , Baksi Koel Sen , Sarabia Stephen F. , Lopez Monica E. , Chelius Daniel C. , Athanassaki Ioanna D. , Mahajan Priya , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Quintanilla Norma M. , Lopez‐Terrada Dolores H. , Roy Angshumoy , Parsons D. Williams 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is clinically and biologically distinct from adult PTC. We sequenced a cohort of clinically annotated pediatric PTC cases enriched for high‐risk tumors to identify genetic alterations of relevance for diagnosis and therapy.MethodsTumor DNA and RNA were extracted from FFPE tissue and subjected to next‐generation sequencing (NGS) library preparation using a custom 124‐gene hybridization capture panel and the 75‐gene Archer Oncology Research Panel, respectively. NGS libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq.ResultsThirty‐six pediatric PTC cases were analyzed. Metastases were frequently observed to cervical lymph nodes (29/36, 81%), with pulmonary metastases less commonly found (10/36, 28%). Relapsed or refractory disease occurred in 18 patients (18/36, 50%). DNA sequencing revealed targetable mutations in 8 of 31 tumors tested (26%), most commonly BRAF p.V600E (n = 6). RNA sequencing identified targetable fusions in 13 of 25 tumors tested (52%): RET (n = 8), NTRK3 (n = 4), and BRAF. Mutually exclusive targetable alterations were discovered in 15 of the 20 tumors (75%) with both DNA and RNA analyzed. Fusion‐positive PTC was associated with multifocal disease, higher tumor staging, and higher American Thyroid Association risk levels. Both BRAF V600E mutations and gene fusions were correlated with the presence of cervical metastases.ConclusionsTargetable alterations were identified in 75% of pediatric PTC cases with both DNA and RNA evaluated. Inclusion of RNA sequencing for detection of fusion genes is critical for evaluation of these tumors. Patients with fusion‐positive tumors were more likely to have features of high‐risk disease.
Hematological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 in children
Authors: Kosmeri Chrysoula , Koumpis Epameinondas , Tsabouri Sophia , Siomou Ekaterini , Makis Alexandros 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), though mainly a respiratory disease, can impair many systems, including causing hematological complications. Lymphopenia and hypercoagulability have been reported in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and are considered markers of poor prognosis. This review summarizes the hematological findings in children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The majority of infected children had a normal leukocyte count, while the most common white blood cell abnormality was leukopenia. Lymphopenia, which may be a marker of severe disease, was rarer in children than in adults, possibly due to their immature immune system or due to the less severe manifestation of COVID‐19 in this age group. Age may have an impact, and in neonates and infants the most common abnormality was lymphocytosis. Abnormalities of red blood cells and platelets were uncommon. Anemia and hypercoagulability were reported mainly in children presenting the novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) associated with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Risk of age‐related macular degeneration in aspirin users and non‐aspirin users: A population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Wan‐Ju Annabelle , Yang Yea‐Huei Kao , Cheng Ching‐Lan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association between cardioprotective aspirin and risk of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is still controversial up to date. We aimed to analyze the risk of AMD between aspirin users and non‐aspirin users.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study by using claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients aged more than 45 years old who initiated aspirin during 2002 to 2012 were followed till 2013. We first selected an age and sex‐matched cohort, then identified aspirin users and non‐aspirin users as propensity score‐matched cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to compare their hazards and 95% confidence intervals. Incidence of newly developed AMD, neovascular AMD, and other‐AMD was calculated.ResultsWe identified 204 085 regular aspirin users and 478 048 non‐aspirin users from our datasets. The univariate HR was 2.85 (95% CI, 2.75‐2.96), and the multivariate HR was 2.54 (95% CI, 2.44‐2.65). In the PS‐matched cohort, the HR was 2.38 (95% CI, 2.25‐2.52). The incidence of aspirin users for AMD risk was 11.95 per 1000 person‐year, while the incidence of non‐aspirin users was only 3.92 per 1000 person‐year.ConclusionPatients with regular use of aspirin had higher risk in developing AMD compared to non‐aspirin users and suggest to have regular visual acuity and funduscopic examination.
Validation of venous thromboembolism diagnoses in patients receiving rivaroxaban or warfarin in The Health Improvement Network
Authors: Ruigómez Ana , Brobert Gunnar , Vora Pareen , García Rodríguez Luis A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe the effect that validation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) coded entries in the health improvement network (THIN) has on incidence rates of VTE among a cohort of rivaroxaban/warfarin users.MethodsAmong 36 701 individuals with a first prescription for rivaroxaban/warfarin between 2012 and 2015, we performed a two‐step VTE case identification process followed by a two‐step case validation process involving manual review of patient records. A valid case required a coded entry for VTE at some point after their first rivaroxaban/warfarin prescription with evidence of referral/hospitalization either as a coded entry or entered as free text. Positive predictive values (PPVs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using validated cases as the gold standard. Incidence rates were calculated per 1000 person‐years with 95% CIs.ResultsWe identified 2166 patients with a coded entry of VTE after their initial rivaroxaban/warfarin prescription; incidence rate of 45.31 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 43.49‐47.22). After manual review of patient records including the free text, there were 712 incident VTE cases; incidence rate of 14.90 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 13.85‐16.02). The PPV for coded entries of VTE alone was 32.9%, and the PPV for coded entries of VTE with a coded entry of referral/hospitalization was 39.8%; this increased to 69.6% after manual review of coded clinical entries in patient records.ConclusionsAmong rivaroxaban/warfarin users in THIN, valid VTE case identification requires manual review of patient records including the free text to prevent outcome misclassification and substantial overestimation of VTE incidence rates.