bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the basic creep of concrete with high substitution of Portland cement by mineral additions at early age
Authors: Delsaute Brice , Torrenti Jean‐Michel , Staquet Stéphanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present work analyses the basic creep of concrete compositions for which 75% of Portland cement is substituted by limestone filler and/or blast furnace slag. Compressive creep tests are performed during and after the peak of hydration of the slag in order to track the effect of the slag on the development of the creep properties. An adapted version of the Model Code 2010 (MC2010) is used to model basic creep. It is observed that the high substitution rate of cement by limestone filler and/or slag leads to a significant change in the evolution of the viscoelastic properties of concrete till a significant degree of reaction of slag is reached. It corresponds to the end of the second peak of hydration due to slag. After the slag peak of hydration, the basic creep is similar to ordinary Portland cement concrete with equivalent water‐to‐binder ratio. For very early age, a new model is developed and is composed of two terms, which consider the hydration of (a) Portland cement and (b) slag in the aging of the specific creep function.
Synthesis of sophocarpine triflorohydrazone and its proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction activity in myeloma cells through Notch3‐p53 signaling activation
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Wen , Huang Fangmei , Wu Xiaojian , Chen Wenbin , Dong Ming , Zhou Jie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma is indicated by the presence of excessive monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow, which result in the formation of osteolytic lesions. The present study investigated SCA as anti‐proliferative agent for myeloma cells and explored the mechanism associated. Effect of SCA on viabilities of KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells was evaluated by MTT assay and apoptotic ratio using flow cytometry. Protein expression was investigated by western blotting and expression of genes related to Notch3‐p53 signaling axis using RT‐PCR assay. Increase in SCA concentration caused a significant (P < .01) reduction in KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cell viability. The KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cell viabilities were reduced to 29% and 21%, respectively on treatment with 21 μM doses of SCA. SCA treatment of KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells significantly (P < .05) increased apoptosis compared with untreated cells. The Bcl‐2 (26 kDa) protein expression was reduced whereas the Bax (21 kDa) and cleaved caspase‐3 levels elevated in SCA treated KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells. Treatment with SCA significantly promoted Hes1, p53 (53 kDa) and Hey1 mRNA expression in KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells. Treatment of KRASA12 and AMO‐1 cells with SCA led to a marked reduction in Notch3 protein expression. SCA inhibits KRASA12 and AMO‐1 myeloma cell proliferation by promoting pro‐apoptotic proteins. Moreover, SCA treatment suppressed Hes1 and Hey1 mRNA expression and targeted Notch3 expression. Therefore, SCA may be studied further for development of treatment for myeloma.
Digitale Souveränität und Künstliche Intelligenz für den Menschen
Authors: Vogt Roland 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Förderung der digitalen Souveränität von Personen, die von der Verwendung von Systemen der Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) betroffen sind, wird nur gelingen, wenn die KI selbst die Handlungsfähigkeit und -kompetenz des einzelnen Menschen unterstützt, statt sie seiner Kontrolle zu entziehen. Dies verlangt die Gestaltung von KI für den Menschen mit eingebauter digitaler Souveränität (Sovereignty by Design). Dafür spielt die Schaffung von Rahmenbedingungen aus Standardisierung und Bewertung eine zentrale Rolle.
Digitale Transformation im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. Digitalisierungsstrategien und Gestaltung von Arbeit 4.0
Authors: Dispan Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Digitalisierung und Industrie 4.0 spielen im Rahmen der digitalen Vernetzung eine immer größere Rolle für den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau – und das sowohl als Anbieter als auch als Anwender digitaler Produkte. Digitale Geschäftsmodelle und neue Wettbewerber aus dem Bereich digitaler Plattformen stellen zunehmend Herausforderungen für die Maschinenbauunternehmen dar. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Digitalisierungsstrategien der Maschinenbauunternehmen ebenso wie mit dem Stand der Digitalisierung bei den Prozessen, Produkten und Geschäftsmodellen. Es werden Wirkungen der digitalen Transformation auf Beschäftigung untersucht sowie arbeits- und beschäftigungspolitische Herausforderungen in der Branche aus Sicht von Mitbestimmungsakteuren diskutiert. Daraus werden Gestaltungsfelder und strategische Orientierungen für die Mitbestimmungsträger erarbeitet.
On periodic solutions for one-phase and two-phase problems of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Eiter Thomas , Kyed Mads , Shibata Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to proving the existence of time-periodic solutions of one-phase or two-phase problems for the Navier–Stokes equations with small periodic external forces when the reference domain is close to a ball. Since our problems are formulated in time-dependent unknown domains, the problems are reduced to quasilinear systems of parabolic equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions or transmission conditions in fixed domains by using the so-called Hanzawa transform. We separate solutions into the stationary part and the oscillatory part. The linearized equations for the stationary part have eigen-value 0, which is avoided by changing the equations with the help of the necessary conditions for the existence of solutions to the original problems. To treat the oscillatory part, we establish the maximal$$L_p$$Lp–$$L_q$$Lqregularity theorem of the periodic solutions for the system of parabolic equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions or transmission conditions, which is obtained by the systematic use of$${\mathcal R}$$R-solvers developed in Shibata (Diff Int Eqns 27(3–4):313–368, 2014; On the$${{\mathcal {R}}}$$R-bounded solution operators in the study of free boundary problem for the Navier–Stokes equations. In: Shibata Y, Suzuki Y (eds) Springer proceedings in mathematics & statistics, vol. 183, Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, Present and Future, Tokyo, Japan, November 2014, pp 203–285, 2016; Comm Pure Appl Anal 17(4): 1681–1721.10.3934/cpaa.2018081, 2018;$${{\mathcal {R}}}$$Rboundedness, maximal regularity and free boundary problems for the Navier Stokes equations, Preprint 1905.12900v1 [math.AP] 30 May 2019) to the resolvent problem for the linearized equations and the transference theorem obtained in Eiter et al. ($${{\mathcal {R}}}$$R-solvers and their application to periodic$$L_p$$Lpestimates, Preprint in 2019) for the$$L_p$$Lpboundedness of operator-valued Fourier multipliers. These approaches are the novelty of this paper.
A multi-field model for charging and discharging of lithium-ion battery electrodes
Authors: Werner Marek , Pandolfi Anna , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn electrochemical–thermomechanical model for the description of charging and discharging processes in lithium electrodes is presented. Multi-physics coupling is achieved through the constitutive relations, obtained within a consistent thermodynamic framework based on the definition of the free energy density, sum of distinct contributions from different physics. The system is characterized by finite kinematics, under the assumption of locality of deformation, and the deformation gradient is decomposed into the product of elastic and inelastic parts. Specifically, a Taylor series expansion is used to approximate the inelastic deformation due to ion intercalation. The elastic part can be described alternatively by two finite kinematics models of neo-Hookean elasticity, and a Maxwell-type viscoelastic model accounts for time-dependent mechanical aspects. The model is implemented into a finite element code that uses B-spline basis functions. We illustrate the features of the model by means of selects examples, showing that chemo-mechanical interaction affects the equilibrium concentrations of the phases. The model captures the fundamental aspects of the anode charging and discharging processes.
Coupled thermal-structural modelling and experimental validation of spiral mandrel die
Authors: Nie Yi , Cameron Ian Michael , Sienz Johann , Lin Yueh-Jaw , Sun Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe conventional theoretical method to calculate deformations and stress states is only limited to a few cases of simple extrusion dies due to a number of assumptions and simplifications. A coupled thermal-structural modelling framework incorporating finite element method is thus developed and implemented to determine the mechanical performances of the complicated spiral mandrel die, which has a complex geometrical feature of spiral grooves and is exposed to severe conditions of thermal load and high pressure. The steady-state thermal analysis is carried out by mapping the temperature load on the flow channel from previously simulated flow characteristics of polymer melt. The structural analysis takes inputs from both thermal analysis and previously simulated pressure on polymer melt. Both the temperature and pressure loads on flow channel are transferred via the Smart Bucket Surface mapping algorithm. The mechanical properties of the spiral mandrel die are evaluated by analysing the deformation and stress distribution. The experimental validation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the numerical model. The effects of both structure parameters of the spiral mandrel and processing parameters upon the maximum stress in the die body and the maximum pressure induced deformation at the die orifice are investigated.
Microbial Community Characterizing Vermiculations from Karst Caves and Its Role in Their Formation
Authors: Addesso Rosangela , Gonzalez-Pimentel Jose L. , D’Angeli Ilenia M. , De Waele Jo , Saiz-Jimenez Cesareo , Jurado Valme , Miller Ana Z. , Cubero Beatriz , Vigliotta Giovanni , Baldantoni Daniela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe microbiota associated with vermiculations from karst caves is largely unknown. Vermiculations are enigmatic deposits forming worm-like patterns on cave walls all over the world. They represent a precious focus for geomicrobiological studies aimed at exploring both the microbial life of these ecosystems and the vermiculation genesis. This study comprises the first approach on the microbial communities thriving in Pertosa-Auletta Cave (southern Italy) vermiculations by next-generation sequencing. The most abundant phylum in vermiculations was Proteobacteria, followed by Acidobacteria > Actinobacteria > Nitrospirae > Firmicutes > Planctomycetes > Chloroflexi > Gemmatimonadetes > Bacteroidetes > Latescibacteria. Numerous less-represented taxonomic groups (< 1%), as well as unclassified ones, were also detected. From an ecological point of view, all the groups co-participate in the biogeochemical cycles in these underground environments, mediating oxidation-reduction reactions, promoting host rock dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation, and enriching the matrix in organic matter. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy brought evidence of a strong interaction between the biotic community and the abiotic matrix, supporting the role of microbial communities in the formation process of vermiculations.
Analysis of nonideality: insights from high concentration simulations of sedimentation velocity data
Authors: Correia J. J. , Wright R. T. , Sherwood P. J. , Stafford W. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Aviv fluorescence detection system (Aviv-FDS) has allowed the performance of sedimentation velocity experiments on therapeutic antibodies in highly concentrated environments like formulation buffers and serum. Methods were implemented in the software package SEDANAL for the analysis of nonideal, weakly associating AUC data acquired on therapeutic antibodies and proteins (Wright et al. Eur Biophys J 47:709–722, 2018, Anal Biochem 550:72–83, 2018). This involved fitting both hydrodynamic, ks, and thermodynamic, BM1, nonideality where concentration dependence is expressed as s = so/(1 + ksc) and D = Do(1 + 2BM1c)/(1 + ksc) and so and Do are values extrapolated to c = 0 (mg/ml). To gain insight into the consequences of these phenomenological parameters, we performed simulations with SEDANAL of a monoclonal antibody as a function of ks (0–100 ml/g) and BM1 (0–100 ml/g). This provides a visual understanding of the separate and joint impact of ks and BM1 on the shape of high-concentration sedimentation velocity boundaries and the challenge of their unique determination by finite element methods. In addition, mAbs undergo weak self- and hetero-association (Yang et al. Prot Sci 27:1334–1348, 2018) and thus we have simulated examples of nonideal weak association over a wide range of concentrations (1–120 mg/ml). Here we demonstrate these data are best analyzed by direct boundary global fitting to models that account for ks, BM1 and weak association. Because a typical clinical dose of mAb is 50–200 mg/ml, these results have relevance for biophysical understanding of concentrated therapeutic proteins.
Novel observations of Pacinian corpuscle distribution in the hands and feet based on high-resolution 7-T MRI in healthy volunteers
Authors: Germann Christoph , Sutter Reto , Nanz Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPacinian corpuscles represent special nerve endings that serve as mechanoreceptors sensitive to vibration and pressure and are crucial for proprioception. This work demonstrates that the complex network of Pacinian corpuscles in hands and feet can be examined with three-dimensional Dual Echo Steady State (DESS) MR imaging at 7 T, while previous dedicated MRI reports were either limited to two-dimensional images or focused on the hands. The high-resolution MR images show the detailed architecture of the complex receptor network and reveal a “chain-like” arrangement of Pacinian corpuscles, a predilection for clustering around metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints, proximal phalanges and fingertips, and specific sensor locations both in the superficial subcutaneous tissue and adjacent to deep soft tissue structures such as tendons and joint capsules.
Ein Blick auf aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Blockchains und deren Auswirkungen auf den Energieverbrauch
Authors: Sedlmeir Johannes , Buhl Hans Ulrich , Fridgen Gilbert , Keller Robert 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer enorme Stromverbrauch von Bitcoin hat dazu geführt, dass in Wissenschaft und Praxis oft eher undifferenziert Diskussionen über die Nachhaltigkeit von Blockchain- bzw. Distributed-Ledger-Technologie allgemein geführt werden. Allerdings ist die Blockchain-Technologie bereits heute alles andere als homogen – nicht nur hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendungen, die mittlerweile weit über Kryptowährungen hinaus in Wirtschaft und öffentlichen Sektor reichen, sondern auch bezüglich ihrer technischen Charakteristika und insbesondere ihres Stromverbrauchs. Dieser Beitrag fasst den Status quo des Stromverbrauchs verschiedener Implementierungen von Blockchain-Technologie zusammen und geht dabei besonders auf das kürzlich erfolgte Bitcoin Halving sowie sogenannte ZK-Rollups ein. Wir argumentieren, dass Bitcoin und andere Proof-of-Work-Blockchains zwar in der Tat sehr viel Strom verbrauchen, aber bereits heute alternative Blockchain-Lösungen mit deutlich geringerem Stromverbrauch verfügbar sind und weitere vielversprechende Konzepte erprobt werden, die gerade den Stromverbrauch von großen Blockchain-Netzwerken in naher Zukunft noch einmal deutlich senken könnten. Daraus schließen wir, dass die Kritik am Stromverbrauch von Bitcoin zwar legitim ist, jedoch daraus nicht eine Energieproblematik von Blockchain-Technologie generell abgeleitet werden darf. In vielen Fällen, in denen mithilfe von energieeffizienteren Blockchain-Varianten Prozesse digitalisiert oder verbessert werden können, darf sogar per Saldo durchaus mit Energieeinsparungen gerechnet werden.
Spectroscopic investigation of green synthesized ZnS nanoparticles encapsulated by sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
Authors: Devi B. Lalitha , Rao K. Mohan , Ramananda D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, the capping action of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) on ZnS nanoparticles synthesized by microwave-assisted method is reported. The X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction studies corroborated nanocrystalline nature of cubic ZnS. Discontinuous cluster growth of particles was implied by optical absorption studies. This was reflected in transmission electron microscope images. Fourier-transform infrared studies confirmed NaCMC capping on the surface of ZnS nanoparticles. Effective encapsulation of ZnS nanoparticles by NaCMC was further supported by Raman scattering, thermal studies and photoluminescence studies. Surface modification of ZnS nanoparticles with NaCMC appear to be suitable for specific biomedical applications due to the nontoxicity of ZnS and NaCMC.
COVID-19 and the return to head and neck outpatient activity in the United Kingdom: what is the new normal?
Authors: Bola Sumrit , Jaikaransingh Dominic , Winter Stuart C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
As surgical specialties now begin the graduated return to elective activity and face-to-face clinics, this paper investigates the current head and neck outpatient practices across the United Kingdom.

Methods
A cross-sectional study comprised of an online 20-item survey was distributed to members of the British Association of Head & Neck Oncologists (BAHNO). The survey was open on a web-based platform and covered topics including safety measures for patients, protective equipment for healthcare staff and protocols for the use of flexible nasendoscopy in the clinic.

Results
The survey was completed by 117 participants covering 66 NHS Trusts across the UK. There was a significant reduction in face-to-face Otolaryngology, Maxillofacial and Speech and Language clinic patients when compared to pre-pandemic numbers (p < 0.0001). Risk assessments for flexible nasendoscopy were done for 69% of clinics and 58% had an established protocol. Room downtime after flexible nasendoscopy ranged from 0 to 6 h and there was a significant increase in allocated downtime after a patient had coughed/sneezed (p < 0.001). Natural ventilation existed in 36% of clinics and the majority of responders didn’t know the Air Change Per Hour (ACPH) of the clinic room (77%). Where ACPH was known, it often did not match the allocated room downtime.

Conclusion
There is a wide variation in outpatient activity across the United Kingdom, but adaptations are being made to try and maintain staff and patient safety. However, more can still be done by liaising with allied teams to clarify outpatient protocols.
Compound heterozygous PLA2G6 loss-of-function variants in Swaledale sheep with neuroaxonal dystrophy
Authors: Letko Anna , Strugnell Ben , Häfliger Irene M. , Paris Julia M. , Waine Katie , Drögemüller Cord , Scholes Sandra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract Sporadic occurrences of neurodegenerative disorders including neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) have been previously reported in sheep. However, so far no causative genetic variant has been found for ovine NAD. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and the genetic aetiology of an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder observed in several lambs of purebred Swaledale sheep, a native English breed. Affected lambs showed progressive ataxia and stiff gait and subsequent histopathological analysis revealed the widespread presence of axonal spheroid indicating neuronal degeneration. Thus, the observed clinical phenotype could be explained by a novel form of NAD. After SNP genotyping and subsequent linkage mapping within a paternal half-sib pedigree with a total of five NAD-affected lambs, we identified two loss-of-function variants by whole-genome sequencing in the ovine PLA2G6 gene situated in a NAD-linked genome region on chromosome 3. All cases were carriers of a compound heterozygous splice site variant in intron 2 and a nonsense variant in exon 8. Herein we present evidence for the occurrence of a familial novel form of recessively inherited NAD in sheep due to allelic heterogeneity at PLA2G6. This study reports two pathogenic variants in PLA2G6 causing a novel form of NAD in Swaledale sheep which enables selection against this fatal disorder.
Expression pattern of cochlear microRNAs in the mammalian auditory hindbrain
Authors: Krohs Constanze , Bordeynik-Cohen Mor , Messika-Gold Naama , Elkon Ran , Avraham Karen B. , Nothwang Hans Gerd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe auditory system comprises the auditory periphery, engaged in sound transduction and the central auditory system, implicated in auditory information processing and perception. Recently, evidence mounted that the mammalian peripheral and central auditory systems share a number of genes critical for proper development and function. This bears implication for auditory rehabilitation and evolution of the auditory system. To analyze to which extent microRNAs (miRNAs) belong to genes shared between both systems, we characterize the expression pattern of 12 cochlea-abundant miRNAs in the central auditory system. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated expression of all 12 genes in the cochlea, the auditory hindbrain and the non-auditory prefrontal cortex (PFC) at embryonic stage (E)16 and postnatal stages (P)0 and P30. Eleven of them showed differences in expression between tissues and nine between the developmental time points. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the temporal expression pattern in the auditory hindbrain was more similar to the PFC than to the cochlea. Spatiotemporal expression analysis by RNA in situ hybridization demonstrated widespread expression throughout the cochlear nucleus complex (CNC) and the superior olivary complex (SOC) during postnatal development. Altogether, our data indicate that miRNAs represent a relevant class of genetic factors functioning across the auditory system. Given the importance of gene regulatory network (GRN) components for development, physiology and evolution, the 12 miRNAs provide promising entry points to gain insights into their molecular underpinnings in the auditory system.