bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can a trainee perform endovascular aortic repair as effectively and safely as an experienced specialist?
Authors: Kosiorowska Kinga , Berezowski Mikołaj , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Jasinski Marek , Kreibich Maximilian , Kondov Stoyan , Czerny Martin , Rylski Bartosz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a technically demanding procedure usually carried out by highly experienced surgeons. However, in this era of modern endovascular surgery with growing numbers of patients qualifying for the procedure, the need to enhance surgical training has emerged. Our aim was to compare the technical results of EVAR in patients operated on by trainees to that of those operated on by an endovascular expert.

METHODS
Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 119 patients diagnosed with an abdominal aorta disease requiring EVAR were admitted to our clinic. Overall, we included 96 patients who underwent preoperative and postoperative computed tomography angiography and EVAR performed either by an endovascular expert (N = 51) or a trainee (N = 45).

RESULTS
We detected no difference in the baseline characteristics, indication for EVAR and preoperative anatomy between patients operated on by trainees and our endovascular expert. We noted the same incidence of endoleak type Ia occurrence (n = 2 vs n = 2, P = 1.00), reintervention rate (n = 0 vs n = 0, P = 1.00) and in-hospital mortality (n = 0 vs n = 1, P = 1.00) for operations done by trainees and the expert, respectively. There was no difference in X-ray doses or time between the 2 groups. Despite longer median operation times [112 (first quartile: 84; third quartile: 129) vs 89 (75–104) min; P = 0.03] and in-hospital stays [10 (8–13) vs 8 (7–10) days, P = 0.007] of the patients operated on by trainees, the overall clinical success of EVAR was satisfactory in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
An EVAR planned and performed by a trainee need not raise the cumulative risk of the procedure. Trainees who have undergone both mind and hand skills training can therefore carry out EVAR under the supervision of an experienced specialist as effectively and safely as experts do.
Thoracoscopic surgical ablation or catheter ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yi Shaolei , Liu Xiaojun , Wang Wei , Chen Lianghua , Yuan Haitao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
There is an urgent need to understand the difference in the influence of thoracoscopic surgical ablation (TSA) and catheter ablation (CA) on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of TSA versus CA in patients with AF.

METHODS
Databases including EMBASE, Clinical Trials, PubMed and Cochrane Central Registered Control System were screened for the retrieval of articles. A direct meta-analysis of TSA versus CA was conducted. The I2 test analysis was performed to evaluate heterogeneity. The Begg–Mazumdar test and the Harbord–Egger test were used to detect publication bias. The primary efficacy outcome was freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia, while the primary safety outcome was severe adverse event (SAE) occurrence.

RESULTS
Of the 860 identified articles, 6, comprising 466 participants, were finally included. The rate of freedom from AT was higher in the TSA group (75%) than in the CA group (57.1%) (odds ratio 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.2–0.85; P = 0.02; I2 = 57%). A larger number of SAEs were observed in the TSA group than in the CA group (odds ratio 0.16; 95% confidence interval 0.006–0.46; P = 0.0006; I2 = 44%). The result of the subgroup analysis of 3 studies that enrolled AF patients without a history of ablation showed that the incidence of AT was comparable in both arms. The ablation procedure and hospitalization durations were longer in the TSA arm.

CONCLUSIONS
In our study, TSA was associated with better efficacy but a higher rate of SAEs compared to CA. In addition, TSA did not show better efficacy results as the first invasive procedure in the sub-analysis of patients with paroxysmal AF or early persistent AF. Therefore, doctors should recommend either TSA or CA to patients with AF after due consideration of the aforementioned findings.
THH and Traces of Enriched Categories
Authors: Berman John D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We prove that topological Hochschild homology (THH) arises from a presheaf of circles on a certain combinatorial category, which gives a universal construction of THH for any enriched $\infty $-category. Our results rely crucially on an elementary, model-independent framework for enriched higher-category theory, which may be of independent interest. For those interested only in enriched category theory, read Sections 1.3 and 2.
Cluster of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections Linked to Music Clubs in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Sugano Nobuhiko , Ando Wataru , Fukushima Wakaba 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
It is important to understand the mode of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for disease control. We aimed to clarify how soon SARS-CoV-2 transmission can occur after infection by asymptomatically infected individuals.

Methods
We analyzed the publicly available epidemiological information for a cluster of 108 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Osaka, Japan.

Results
Among cases, 51 cases attended a live music club only once and were considered to have a single visit. Ten remained asymptomatic at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, which was on average 20 days after exposure. Three routes of secondary transmission were identified, with 2–4 days from infection to transmission. All index cases for secondary transmission were asymptomatic at the time of contact with other people. Based on the date of symptom onset in the remaining 41 cases, the period from exposure to illness ranged from 2 to 17 days.

Conclusions
Seemingly healthy people could spread SARS-CoV-2 during intense activities in enclosed environments without sufficient ventilation. Asymptomatically infected persons can transmit the virus as soon as 2 days after infection. Continuous efforts to avoid crowding and to maintain personal hygiene are needed for effective control of COVID-19.
Combining Software Engineering and Design Thinking Practices in the Ideation Process of Augmented Digital Experiences
Authors: Díaz Paloma , Aedo Ignacio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDesigning augmented and tangible experiences that intertwine human practices and expectations, interaction spaces and complex digital artifacts is a complex and multifaceted task that relies upon iterative and multidisciplinary ideation processes. Design thinking techniques have been traditionally used in ideation of such digital artifacts. In this paper, we posit that integrating some software engineering practices can improve ideation by providing a structure to the process and helping to build a shared and permanently documented design rationale. It is not a matter of software engineering versus design thinking but a question of developing a holistic understanding of technological development where discipline and creativity, rationality and emotions and quality centered and people centered coexist. Based on this assumption, we conceived a software tool called CoDICE that offers a virtual co-design space where augmented digital experiences are documented and analyzed in a shared and distributed way. The paper discusses how CoDICE contributes to alleviate some problems of co-design events including the need to support multiple co-design spaces, make explicit the co-design process and its goals, support documentation, justify design decisions, explore multiple ideas and generate a shared representation of the outcomes. Two scenarios are used to illustrate the tool utility: short-term co-design workshops in which the tool enabled multidisciplinary teams of novice designers to explore and structure their ideas and a long-term co-design project where the tool facilitated traceability, documentation, the reuse of design components and the shared elaboration of the design rationale and evolution of the deployed technologies.
Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Race on Sepsis Epidemiology and Outcomes
Authors: Minejima Emi , Wong-Beringer Annie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex variable that is derived primarily from an individual’s education, income, and occupation and has been found to be inversely related to outcomes of health conditions. Sepsis is the sixth most common admitting diagnosis and one of the most costly conditions for in-hospital spending in the United States. The objective of this review is to report on the relationship between SES and sepsis incidence and associated outcomes.

Content
Sepsis epidemiology varies when explored by race, education, geographic location, income, and insurance status. Sepsis incidence was significantly increased in individuals of Black race compared with non-Hispanic white race; in persons who have less formal education, who lack insurance, and who have low income; and in certain US regions. People with low SES are likely to have onset of sepsis significantly earlier in life and to have poorly controlled comorbidities compared with those with higher SES. Sepsis mortality and hospital readmission is increased in individuals who lack insurance, who reside in low-income or medically underserved areas, who live far from healthcare, and who lack higher level education; however, a person’s race was not consistently found to increase mortality.

Summary
Interventions to minimize healthcare disparity for individuals with low SES should target sepsis prevention with increasing measures for preventive care for chronic conditions. Significant barriers described for access to care by people with low SES include cost, transportation, poor health literacy, and lack of a social network. Future studies should include polysocial risk scores that are consistently defined to allow for meaningful comparison across studies.
Application of Mid-Infrared Portable Spectrometer for the Rapid Determination of Trans-Fatty Acid Content in Lipid Extracts of Snack and Bakery Products
Authors: Shotts Mei-Ling , Plans Marcal , Wong Kevin , Milligan Alex M , Aykas Didem P , Rodriguez-Saona Luis E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration passed a ban on the “generally recognized as safe” status of partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs), and in June 2018, PHOs were prohibited from being used. Our objective was to develop a predictive model to quantify trans-fat concentrations in bakery and snacks products using a portable mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometer. The approach was tested using 24 calibration standards (consisting of trielaidin in triolein and tripalmitin) and 87 bakery and snack products ranging from ND to 65% trans-fat. The fat was extracted by grinding products into powders and extracting the fat using petroleum ether. Gas Chromatography (AOCS Cd 14c-94) was used to determine the fatty acid profile and trans-fat content. Spectra were acquired by directly placing the fat (200 μL) onto the heated (65 ± 1°C) 5–reflection ZnSe crystal of a portable MIR spectrometer. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were developed using the calibration standards and extracted fats spectra targeting the signal of the C–H out-of-plane deformation band at 966 cm−1. Best model performances were obtained using the spectra of the extracted fat from bakery and snack products with the standard error of prediction of 0.5 g of trans-fats per 100 g of fat. We found that 25% of products labeled as zero trans-fat/serving did not comply with the maximum tolerance levels based on GC-FAME analysis. Portable FTIR devices operating in attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode can provide the food industry and government food inspectors with rapid, accurate, and high throughput measurements for routine screening to facilitate regulatory compliance.
Alpha-Methylfentanyl and Beta-Hydroxyfentanyl LC–MS-MS Quantification in Rat Plasma after Long-Term Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Lyu Lihong , Chen Rui , Li Lu , Duan Hongbin , Chen Yao , Wang Rong , Xu Zhiru , Zhang Yurong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Fentanyl and its analogues are highly abused drugs that dominate the illicit drug trade. alpha-Methylfentanyl (A-F) and beta-hydroxyfentanyl (B-F) are two fentanyl analogues that require the development of rapid detection technologies. The current study established and validated a rapid and high-sensitivity liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS-MS) method to measure A-F and B-F concentrations in rat plasma following intravenous drug administration (20 μg/kg). Because fentanyl is primarily metabolized by the liver, we evaluated the concentrations of A-F and B-F in vivo in rats, in a control group and a group with liver damage induced by 55 days of oral ethanol gavage (6.5 g/kg, 22.5% v/v). Liquid–liquid extraction and LC–MS-MS operating in the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode were used. A C18 column was used, and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous and acetonitrile. The limit of detection was 3 pg/mL (S/N &gt; 5) for A-F and B-F. The calibration curves were linear within the concentration range of 0.01–5 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9991) and 0.005–20 ng/mL (R2 = 0.9999) for A-F and B-F, respectively. Extraction recoveries were 91.3%–97.6% with RSD ≤ 11.2% and 90.5%–94.3% with RSD ≤ 10.5% for A-F and B-F, respectively. Plasma matrix effects were 80.61%–84.58% for A-F and 80.67%–81.33% for B-F with RSD ≤ 13.9%. The validated assay indicated no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-t, Cmax and T1/2) derived from the assessment of A-F and B-F plasma concentrations between control and ethanol-exposed rats. This assay, for which the LOD was 3 pg/mL for A-F and B-F may help the forensic science field to determine fentanyl analogue-related causes of death and identify illicit drug tampering.
Orbital Compartment Syndrome Following Major Burn Resuscitation: A Case Series and Survey of Practice Patterns
Authors: Vrouwe Sebastian Q , Zuo Kevin J , Grotski Courtney H , Tredget Edward E , Chew Hall F , Cartotto Robert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a rare but devastating complication of over-resuscitation in burn patients that may lead to permanent visual loss. The purpose of this study was to 1) present a series of burn patients with OCS and 2) survey practice patterns of monitoring intra-ocular pressure (IOP) during burn resuscitation.
Cases of OCS at two American Burn Association (ABA)–verified burn centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they 1) required lateral canthotomy/cantholysis for elevated IOPs or 2) developed blindness on admission unrelated to any other ocular pathology. Data were collected on demographics, burn characteristics, fluid administration, ophthalmologic findings, and complications. An eight-item electronic survey was distributed by email through the ABA to all physician members.
Twelve patients with OCS were identified, with a mean age of 47.8 ± 12.4 years and TBSA of 63.7 ± 18.6%. Mean fluid resuscitation at 24 hours was 4.9 ± 1.6 ml/kg/%TBSA or 0.29 ± 0.06 liter/kg. Eight patients underwent canthotomy/cantholysis for OCS, whereas four were later found to have visual loss. A total of 83 (14%) ABA physicians responded to the survey. IOP was routinely measured by 23% of respondents during acute burn resuscitation.
OCS appears to have developed despite a relatively low 24-hour ml/kg/% burn resuscitation volume, but with a relatively higher cumulative (liter/kg) fluid volume. Their survey found that monitoring of IOP during burn resuscitation is not routinely performed by the majority of providers. Taken together, the present study suggests clinical guidelines to recognize this complication of over-resuscitation.
Do border effects alter regional development: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China
Authors: Yang Benjian , Partridge Mark D , Chen Anping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Market access/potential is main explanations for spatial variation in economic activity. Past research has used quasi-natural experiments such as the imposition and removal of the Iron Curtain to assess how changes in market access influence economic outcomes. Rather, we focus on key quantity effects of market access by tracking population changes induced by the creation of a subnational border. We exploit a quasi-natural experiment in China and use a difference-in-difference identification strategy to estimate the effects of introducing a new border when Sichuan province was split into Chongqing and Sichuan in 1997. We find that the new border had negative population effects on Sichuan counties located near the new border. Further investigation finds that such border effects are unique to the new border region and are not related to other factors such as being more rural. We also provide additional evidence to exclude alternative explanations including differences in industry composition or access to transportation.
CJEU provides guidance on assessing if an ‘economic link’ exists between two parties which precludes a likelihood of confusion  Court of Justice of the European Union, Case C-736/18 P Gugler France v European Union Intellectual Property Office, EU:C:2020:308, 23 April 2020
Authors: Smith Leigh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Court of Justice of the European Union has confirmed that the assessment of whether there was an ‘economic link’ between two parties should be assessed substantively and not formally. As such, it should not be only considered from the perspective of whether the earlier rightholder has the ability to control the other party.
Palestinian Amoraic Hebrew As A Living Vernacular: An Indication From Morphosyntax
Authors: Bunis Ivri J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Presently, most scholars hold that the linguistic status of Rabbinic Hebrew from Byzantine Palestine (380-640 ce) is that of a dead literary language, influenced by Aramaic and earlier varieties of Hebrew, and that Hebrew had already died out as a spoken vernacular in the second or early third century ce. The sources for this variety are rabbinic texts produced by the Palestinian Amoraim and to a lesser degree, epigraphy. The article challenges this view, claiming that such opinions have not been based on a systematic morphosyntactic examination of Palestinian Amoraic Hebrew. The article presents such an analysis of a morphosyntactic structure, namely, pseudo-coordinated verb pairs. Two sub-structures are examined: (I) imperative + imperative and (II) imperative + yiqtol, in Palestinian Amoraic Hebrew, Tannaitic Hebrew, Biblical Hebrew and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic. Palestinian Amoraic Hebrew is found to clearly align with Tannaitic Hebrew, and not Biblical Hebrew and Jewish Palestinian Aramaic.
Facing the energy transition: options for countries and companies to move forward
Authors: Batruch Christine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It has taken decades for the international community to recognize that climate change is a global issue that needs to be addressed by concerted international action. Many climate activists focus on the fossil fuel industry as the main culprit for greenhouse gas emissions and advocate for a cessation of investments in this sector. This is despite the fact that it is the use of oil and gas in housing, transportation and industry, not its production that represents over 90 per cent of its global emissions.1 This misrepresents the global challenge that is one facing society’s energy use at large. During this period of energy transition, and for decades to come, oil and gas will continue to constitute a major component of the world’s growing energy demand. All energy consumers, whether governments, industries and the general public therefore need to reduce their energy consumption, while producing countries and companies need to reduce their carbon footprint, as well as increase investments in renewable energy. In this context, Norway serves as a valuable case study of what it takes to become a carbon efficient energy producer. The example of Lundin Energy AB, one of Europe’s leading independent oil and gas producers, operating exclusively offshore Norway, shows how the Norwegian regulatory environment, coupled with the Company’s sustainability commitments and its Decarbonization Strategy, have resulted in the production of one of the lowest carbon intensity barrels in the world.
The 2014 AIPN UROA Model Contract as a master contract for unconventional deals in Argentina
Authors: Payarola Ignacio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the hydrocarbons and environmental regulatory framework in Argentina and a legal analysis of the 2014 Association of International Petroleum Negotiators UROA’s adaptability to the oil and gas activities at the upstream level in such country, with special focus on the Vaca Muerta basin.
Recapitulating Evolutionary Divergence in a SingleCis-Regulatory Element Is Sufficient to Cause Expression Changes of the Lens GeneTdrd7
Authors: Roscito Juliana G , Subramanian Kaushikaram , Naumann Ronald , Sarov Mihail , Shevchenko Anna , Bogdanova Aliona , Kurth Thomas , Foerster Leo , Kreysing Moritz , Hiller Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMutations in cis-regulatory elements play important roles for phenotypic changes during evolution. Eye degeneration in the blind mole rat (BMR; Nannospalax galili) and other subterranean mammals is significantly associated with widespread divergence of eye regulatory elements, but the effect of these regulatory mutations on eye development and function has not been explored. Here, we investigate the effect of mutations observed in the BMR sequence of a conserved noncoding element upstream of Tdrd7, a pleiotropic gene required for lens development and spermatogenesis. We first show that this conserved element is a transcriptional repressor in lens cells and that the BMR sequence partially lost repressor activity. Next, we recapitulated evolutionary changes in this element by precisely replacing the endogenous regulatory element in a mouse line by the orthologous BMR sequence with CRISPR–Cas9. Strikingly, this repressor replacement caused a more than 2-fold upregulation of Tdrd7 in the developing lens; however, increased mRNA level does not result in a corresponding increase in TDRD7 protein nor an obvious lens phenotype, possibly explained by buffering at the posttranscriptional level. Our results are consistent with eye degeneration in subterranean mammals having a polygenic basis where many small-effect mutations in different eye-regulatory elements collectively contribute to phenotypic differences.