bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of moxibustion on symptoms of mild cognitive impairment: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Lin-Peng , Wang Gui-Ling , Sun Jing-Qing , Mao Xue-Wen , Jiang Hui-Li , Li Bin , Liu Cun-Zhi 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the intermediate phase between normal age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Moxibustion has gained increased popularity for the management of MCI in China.This study aimed to evaluate the effects and safety of moxibustion on symptoms of MCI.Methods and analysisFour English databases and six Chinese databases will be searched from their inception to October 2019: Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database, SinoMed, China Doctoral Dissertations Full-text Database and the China Master’s Theses Full-text Database. Only clinical randomised controlled trials and the first period in randomised cross-over trial related to moxibustion for MCI will be included. The primary outcomes include the improvement of cognitive function, as measured by validated assessment tools. The secondary outcomes include changes in the activity of daily living scale, effective rate and the incidences of adverse events. The selection of studies, data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be carried out by two independent reviewers. Review Manager V.5.3 software will be used for statistical analyses. Heterogeneity test, data synthesis and subgroup analysis will be performed if necessary. The risk of bias of included studies will be assessed by theCochrane Handbookrisk of bias tool. Evidence quality will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as no private information from individuals are collected. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42018112657.
Estimating abortion incidence and unintended pregnancy among adolescents in Zimbabwe, 2016: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Riley Taylor , Madziyire Mugove G. , Chipato Tsungai , Sully Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate age-specific abortion incidence and unintended pregnancy in Zimbabwe, and to examine differences among adolescents by marital status and residence.DesignWe used a variant of the Abortion Incidence Complications Methodology, an indirect estimation approach, to estimate age-specific abortion incidence. We used three surveys: the Health Facility Survey, a census of 227 facilities that provide postabortion care (PAC); the Health Professional Survey, a purposive sample of key informants knowledgeable about abortion (n=118) and the Prospective Morbidity Survey of PAC patients (n=1002).SettingPAC-providing health facilities in Zimbabwe.ParticipantsHealthcare providers in PAC-providing facilities and women presenting to facilities with postabortion complications.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was abortion incidence (in rates and ratios). The secondary outcome measure was the proportion of unintended pregnancies that end in abortion.ResultsAdolescent women aged 15–19 years had the lowest abortion rate at five abortions per 1000 women aged 15–19 years compared with other age groups. Adolescents living in urban areas had a higher abortion ratio compared with adolescents in rural areas, and unmarried adolescent women had a higher abortion ratio compared with married adolescents. Unintended pregnancy levels were similar across age groups, and adolescent women had the lowest proportion of unintended pregnancies that ended in induced abortion (9%) compared with other age groups.ConclusionsThis paper provides the first estimates of age-specific abortion and unintended pregnancy in Zimbabwe. Despite similar levels of unintended pregnancy across age groups, these findings suggest that adolescent women have abortions at lower rates and carry a higher proportion of unintended pregnancies to term than older women. Adolescent women are also not a homogeneous group, and youth-focused reproductive health programmes should consider the differences in experiences and barriers to care among young people that affect their ability to decide whether and when to parent.
Requests for futile treatments: what mechanisms play a role? Results of a qualitative study among Dutch physicians
Authors: van Bruchem-Visser Rozemarijn Lidewij , van Dijk Gert , Mattace Raso Francesco , de Beaufort Inez 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesOvertreatment is increasingly seen as a challenge in clinical practice and can lead to unnecessary interventions, poor healthcare outcomes and increasing costs. However, little is known as to what exactly causes overtreatment. In 2015, the Royal Dutch Medical Association (RDMA) attempted to address this problem and distinguished several mechanisms that were thought to drive overtreatment. In 14 qualitative interviews among Dutch physicians, we investigated which mechanisms played a role in decision-making and whether all mechanisms were considered equally important.DesignWe asked physicians to present a case from personal experience, in which the patient or family requested continuing treatment against the advice of the physician.ParticipantsFourteen physicians from five different medical areas agreed to participate.SettingInterviews were held face-to-face at the workplace of the physician.ResultsThree closely related mechanisms were mentioned most frequently as drivers of overtreatment, as perceived by the physician: ‘death is not a common topic of conversation’, ‘‘never give up’ is the default attitude in our society’ and ‘patients’ culture and outlook on life influences their perception of death’. The mechanism ‘medical view taking priority’ was mentioned to be an inhibitor of overtreatment.ConclusionsOf the 15 mechanisms described by the report of the Steering Committee of the RDMA, not all mechanisms were mentioned as driving overtreatment. Three mechanisms were mentioned most as being a driver of overtreatment (‘death is not a common topic of conversation’; ‘‘never give up’ is the default attitude in our society’' and ‘patients’ culture and outlook on life influences their perception of death’), some played no role at all, and others were considered to be inhibitors of overtreatment, especially the mechanism ‘medical view taking priority’.
End-of-life management protocol offered within emergency room (EMPOWER): study protocol for a multicentre study
Authors: Yash Pal Rakhee , Kuan Win Sen , Tiah Ling , Kumar Ranjeev , Wong Yoko Kin Yoke , Shi Luming , Zheng Charles Qishi , Lin Jingping , Liang Sufang , Segara Uma Chandra , Yong Woon Chai , Chan Noreen Guek Cheng , Chua Mui Teng , Ibrahim Irwani 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPatients at their end-of-life (EOL) phase frequently visit the emergency department (ED) due to their symptoms, yet the environment and physicians in ED are not traditionally equipped or trained to provide palliative care. This multicentre study aims to measure the current quality of EOL care in ED to identify gaps, formulate improvements and implement the improved EOL care protocol. We shall also evaluate healthcare resource utilisation and its associated costs.Methods and analysisThis study employs a quasiexperimental interrupted time series design using both qualitative and quantitative methods, involving the EDs of three tertiary hospitals in Singapore, over a period of 3 years. There are five phases in this study: (1) retrospective chart reviews of patients who died within 5 days of ED attendance; (2) pilot phase to validate the CODE questionnaire in the local context; (3) preimplementation phase; (4) focus group discussions (FGDs); and (5) postimplementation phase. In the prospective cohort, patients who are actively dying or have high likelihood of mortality this admission, and whose goal of care is palliation, will be eligible for inclusion. At least 140 patients will be recruited for each preimplementation and postimplementation phase. There will be face-to-face interviews with patients’ family members, review of medical records and self-administered staff survey to evaluate existing knowledge and confidence. The FGDs will involve hospital and community healthcare providers. Data obtained from the retrospective cohort, preimplementation phase and FGDs will be used to guide prospective improvement and protocol changes. Patient, family and staff relevant outcomes from these changes will be measured using time series regression.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been reviewed and ethics approval obtained from the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific Review Board, Singapore. The results from this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT03906747.
Prevalence of speeding and associated factors in four Mexican cities
Authors: Hidalgo-Solórzano Elisa , Gómez-García Lourdes , Mojarro-Íñiguez Francisco R , Pérez-Núñez Ricardo 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSpeeding is responsible for countless traffic collisions and road traffic injuries (RTIs) around the world. It threatens the lives of passengers in motor vehicles as well as the safety of other individuals sharing the public roads. Little evidence has been provided by low- and middle-income countries on speed transgression patterns.ObjectiveTo document the prevalence of speeding in motor vehicles with four or more wheels and to analyse the associated factors in four Mexican cities.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in the cities of Guadalajara-Zapopan, León, Cuernavaca and Villahermosa. Data on speed, drivers, vehicles, road infrastructure and the environment were collected from a randomly selected sample of urban road segments. We identified the factors associated with speeding through a logistic multiple regression model.ResultsWith an overall prevalence of 47% (95% CI 45.83 to 48.18), speeding occurred most frequently in Villahermosa (61.07%, 95% CI 59.10 to 63.01) as compared to León (51%, 95% CI 48.07 to 53.92), Cuernavaca (47.6%, 95% CI 45.35 to 49.85) and Guadalajara-Zapopan (20.76%, 95% CI 18.75 to 22.88). Speeding increased in the afternoons, on roads with numerous lanes, on Thursdays and Sundays and in foggy weather, but decreased in cities with speed control strategies and on roads with low visibility. No differences were observed between sexes or among age groups.ConclusionsEvidence from our study highlights the urgent need to implement speed control measures such as changes in road infrastructure and design, and to promote comprehensive speeding legislation aimed at reducing exposure to this important risk factor.
Sex differences in motor unit discharge rates at maximal and submaximal levels of force output
Authors: Inglis J. Greig , Gabriel David A. 
Published: April 2020

This study evaluated potential sex differences in motor unit (MU) behaviour at maximal and submaximal force outputs. Forty-eight participants, 24 females and 24 males, performed isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Tibialis anterior electromyography was recorded both by surface and intramuscular electrodes. Compared with males, females had a greater MU discharge rate (MUDR) averaged across all submaximal intensities (Δ 0.45 pps, 2.56%). Males exhibited greater increases in MUDR above 40% MVC, surpassing females at 100% MVC (p’s < 0.01). Averaged across all force outputs, females had a greater incidence of doublet and rapid discharges and a greater percentage of MU trains with doublet and rapid (5–10 ms) discharges (Δ 75.55% and 61.48%, respectively; p’s < 0.01). A subset of males (n = 8) and females (n = 8), matched for maximum force output, revealed that females had even greater MUDR (Δ 1.38 pps, 7.47%) and percentage of MU trains with doublet and rapid discharges (Δ 51.62%, 56.68%, respectively; p’s < 0.01) compared with males at each force output, including 100% MVC. Analysis of the subset of strength-matched males and females suggest that sex differences in MU behaviour may be a result of females needing to generate greater neural drive to achieve fused tetanus. Novelty Females had higher MUDRs and greater percentage of MU trains with doublets across submaximal force outputs (20%–80% MVC). Differences were even greater for a strength matched subset. Differences in motor unit behaviour may arise from musculoskeletal differences, requiring greater neural drive in females.
Effect of strength training and antioxidant supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study
Authors: de Lima Filipe Dinato , Battaglini Cláudio L. , Chaves Sandro Nobre , Ugliara Lucas , Sarandy Jonathan , Lima Ricardo Moreno , Bottaro Martim 
Published: April 2020

This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effect of strength training (ST) combined with vitamin C and E supplementation on perceived and performance fatigability in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Twenty-five BCS were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: vitamins (VIT; n = 12; 51.0 ± 9.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 13; 48.2 ± 8.3 years). Both groups performed a 10-week ST protocol, twice a week. The VIT group was supplemented with vitamins C (500 mg/day) and E (180 mg/day) and the PLA group with polydextrose (1 g/day), once a day after breakfast. At the beginning and at the end of the training period, perceived fatigability was assessed using Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI)-20 (general fatigue and physical fatigue). Performance fatigability was assessed during 30 maximal isokinetic knee extensions at 120°/s. General fatigue decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.004) and PLA (p = 0.011) groups. Physical fatigue decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.011) and PLA (p = 0.001) groups. Performance fatigability also decreased similarly in the VIT (p = 0.026) and PLA (p < 0.001) groups. There was no difference between groups at any moment (p > 0.05). In summary, antioxidant supplementation does not add any positive synergistic effect to ST in terms of improving perceived or performance fatigability in BCS. This clinical trial is registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, number RBR-843pth (UTN no.: U1111-1222-6511). Novelty ST with maximal repetitions reduces perceived and performance fatigability of BCS. Vitamins C and E supplementation does not add any positive synergistic effect to ST in terms of reducing fatigability in BCS.
Relaxing the TCC bound on inflationary cosmology?
Authors: Kamali Vahid , Brandenberger Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate that the strict upper bounds on the energy scale of inflation and on the tensor-to-scalar ratio can be somewhat relaxed if we assume that – after an initial period of slow rolling when scales probed today in CMB experiments exit the Hubble radius – the equation of state of the background changes to correspond to an almost marginally accelerating universe. Constructing an actual model in which this happens appears, however, to be unnatural.
New Kähler invariant Fayet–Iliopoulos terms in supergravity and cosmological applications
Authors: Antoniadis I. , Rondeau F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, a new type of constant Fayet–Iliopoulos (FI) terms was introduced in $${\mathcal {N}}=1$$

N
=
1

supergravity, which do not require the gauging of the R-symmetry. We revisit and generalise these constructions, building a new class of Kähler invariant FI terms parametrised by a function of the gravitino mass as functional of the chiral superfields, which is then used to describe new models of inflation. They are based on a no-scale supergravity model of the inflaton chiral multiplet, supplemented by an abelian vector multiplet with the new FI-term. We show that the inflaton potential is compatible with the CMB observational data, with a vacuum energy at the minimum that can be tuned to a tiny positive value. Finally, the axionic shift symmetry can be gauged by the U(1) which becomes massive. These models offer a mechanism for fixing the gravitino mass in no-scale supergravities, that corresponds to a flat direction of the scalar potential in the absence of the new FI-term; its origin in string theory is an interesting open problem.
News and the city: understanding online press consumption patterns through mobile data
Authors: Vilella Salvatore , Paolotti Daniela , Ruffo Giancarlo , Ferres Leo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe always increasing mobile connectivity affects every aspect of our daily lives, including how and when we keep ourselves informed and consult news media. By studying a DPI (deep packet inspection) dataset, provided by one of the major Chilean telecommunication companies, we investigate how different cohorts of the population of Santiago De Chile consume news media content through their smartphones. We find that some socio-demographic attributes are highly associated to specific news media consumption patterns. In particular, education and age play a significant role in shaping the consumers behaviour even in the digital context, in agreement with a large body of literature on off-line media distribution channels.
Study on micro-nano structures’ wettability transformation mechanism of femtosecond laser on aluminium alloy
Authors: Fu Wenjing , Yuan Xiaodong , Wang Zhen , Yao Caizhen , Zhang Rongzhu 
Published: April 2020

In this work, superhydrophilic surfaces are obtained on LY12 aluminium alloy by irradiation of femtosecond (Fs). First, based on the theory of laser induced surface plasmon polariton, the formation mechanism of micro-nano structures is analyzed. Then the periodic change of the micro-nano structures with different wavelength and incident angle is calculated. According to the theoretical results, the structure period is 600 nm at the vertical incident and incident wavelength with 800 nm, and the experimental results agree with the theoretical results. Furthermore, two different kinds of postprocessing methods are employed to change the superhydrophilic surfaces to superhydrophobic surfaces. All the micro-nano structures are tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle (CA) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). By analyzing the function of the functional groups of C–H, C–F and C–O, the transition mechanism of the surface from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity is also explored.
Comparison of Highly Purified HMG versus Recombinant FSH with Antagonist Protocol in Poor Responder Patients
Authors: Polim Arie A. , Handayani Nining , Pratiwi Adinda , Hutomo Caroline , Boediono Arief , Sini Ivan 
Published: April 2020

Background:Luteinizing hormone (LH) supplementation may have beneficial effect on the maturity and fertilizability of oocytes in poor ovarian reserve (POR) and may influence the progesterone level, thus increasing the pregnancy rate. However, previous studies on the effect of LH activity supplementation on poor responders have shown conflicting results. This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of two different forms of gonadotropin (highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-HMG) vs. recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH)-only) in Indonesian population.Methods: Women diagnosed with poor ovarian response who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol with either HP-HMG or r-hFSH-only were investigated. Women who underwent freeze all cycles, mini stimulation, and natural stimulation were excluded. Multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) + human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-driven LH activity combination in HP-HMG to pregnancy event adjusting for progesterone level, demographic variables, and clinical characteristic variables.Results: A total of 101 subjects in the HP-HMG treatment group and 89 subjects in r-hFSH-only treatment group were involved in the study. There was no significant difference of clinical pregnancy rate between HP-HMG group and r-hFSH-only group (adjusted OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.39–2.25; p-value: 0.890).Conclusion: Compared to r-hFSH-only group, combination of FSH + HCG-driven LH activity in HP-HMG group had similar effectiveness in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) using the antagonist protocol.
The Dobra Gneiss and the Drosendorf Unit in the southeastern Bohemian Massif, Austria: West Amazonian crust in the heart of Europe
Authors: Lindner Martin , Dörr Wolfgang , Reither Daniel , Finger Fritz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
U–Pb zircon dating and geochemical investigations were applied to rocks from the Variscan deformed and metamorphosed Drosendorf Unit of the eastern Bohemian Massif, Austria. Data show that this unit contains remnants of a Mesoproterozoic granite (Dobra Gneiss Type A), early Neoproterozoic sediments (paragneiss, marble) and late Neoproterozoic volcanic-arc granitoids from the Avalonian–Cadomian peri-Gondwana Orogen (Dobra Gneiss Type B, Spitz Gneiss). A rock association of such old age is extraordinary in the Variscan Orogen. We interpret that these rocks were originally part of the Brunovistulian foreland plate (i.e. part of Avalonian Europe and the Devonian Old Red Continent, respectively) before being tectonically incorporated into the eastern flank of the Variscan Orogen. This interpretation is considered likely because the Dobra Gneiss Type B turned out to be extremely similar, geochemically and in age, to the Bittesch Gneiss in the Moravian Zone, which is generally accepted as a Brunovistulian (i.e. Avalonian) rock. Based on the zircon ages measured in ortho- and paragneiss samples, the Drosendorf Unit can be excellently correlated with West Amazonia. This supports the long-standing idea that Avalonian Europe contains terranes of Amazonian ancestry. A model is presented to show how West Amazonian rocks could have been transferred to Europe in the Early Paleozoic.
Tonian–Ediacaran tectonomagmatic evolution of West Avalonia and its Ediacaran–early Cambrian interactions with Ganderia: an example of complex terrane transfer due to arc–arc collision?
Authors: van Staal C. R. , Barr S. M. , McCausland P. J. A. , Thompson M. D. , White C. E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The Neoproterozoic tectonomagmatic evolution of West Avalonia comprises four major events. Tectonism started with the formation of a Tonian passive margin on a Baltica-derived ribbon dispersed into the Mirovoi Ocean. Obduction of an oceanic terrane onto the ribbon produced olistostromes, deformation and metamorphism before 750 Ma. Obduction was followed by a Tonian (750–730 Ma) arc on the created composite crust. A pause in magmatism between 730 and 700 Ma is the next event. Subsequently, a Cyrogenian (700–670 Ma) arc was formed, which may have collided with Baltica or another buoyant element nearby. Thereafter, a long-lasting (640–565 Ma) continental arc was erected which, combined with the late Ediacaran–Early Paleozoic sedimentary cover, represents the hallmark of West Avalonia. A Caribbean-style incursion of the Ediacaran arc into the widening Tornquist gap between Amazonia and Baltica led to a diachronous collision with the Ganderian arc. Strike-slip slivering produced a complex transfer of terranes to both: Carolinia and smaller terranes to Ganderia, and East Avalonia to West Avalonia. The Rheic Ocean opened diachronously at
c.
500 Ma, following a plate reorganization and re-establishment of an oblique subduction zone beneath Amazonia. As a result, Avalonia and Ganderia became progressively separated and dispersed into the Iapetus Ocean.