bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of tender coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.): Implications for the design of processing machineries
Authors: Pandiselvam R. , Manikantan M. R. , Balasubramanian D. , Beegum P. P. Shameena , Mathew A. C. , Ramesh S. V. , Hebbar K. B. , Niral V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mechanical properties such as punching force, cutting force, punching energy, and cutting energy of tender coconut at its different orientations are pertinent for the design and development of efficient and ergonomic tender coconut processing machineries viz., punch and cutter, trimming machine, and snowball machine. However, the mechanical properties of tender coconut have not been investigated scientifically yet. Hence, the mechanical properties of tender coconut at six different positions were determined. Four genotypes of tender coconut were used in this study, such as Andaman Giant Tall (AGT), Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD), Kulasekaran Green Dwarf (KGD), and Ganga Bondam Green Dwarf (GBGD). A laboratory‐scale texture analyzer with a customized probe for cutting and punching was developed and used for the measurements. The highest punching and cutting force was observed at the bottom section (near fruit base) of the tender coconuts followed by the middle and top section. The maximum punching energy (2.23 J) in fruit top loading position was recorded for GBGD, whereas the minimum punching energy (0.82 J) was observed for the genotype AGT. The highest cutting energy of 11.79, 15.53, and 16.59 J recorded for AGT at flat loading position (top, middle, and bottom, respectively). Statistical analysis indicates that genotypes and loading positions of tender coconut significantly (p ≤ .01) affected the punching and cutting force.Practical applicationsThe basic information of tender coconuts including physical and mechanical properties is crucial for the design and development of tender coconut processing machinery. Earlier, we have reported the physical properties of tender coconuts necessary for the development of a trimming machine. As a follow‐up, herein we present the mechanical properties of tender coconut that are essential for the design of components such as punching and cutting tool, knife settings in trimming machine and the rotor design in snowball machine. This is the first scientific report highlighting the mechanical properties of the tender coconuts.
Personality and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome
Authors: Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R. , Canada Brice , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESTo examine whether five major personality traits are related to the motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome, a pre‐dementia syndrome characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait speed.DESIGNCross‐sectional.SETTINGHealth and Retirement Study (HRS) and the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS).PARTICIPANTSDementia‐free older adults aged 65 to 107 years (N > 8000).MEASUREMENTSIn both samples, participants provided data on personality, cognitive complaints, and measures of gait speed, as well as on demographic factors, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI).RESULTSAcross the two samples and a meta‐analysis, higher neuroticism was related to higher risk of MCR (combined odds ratio [OR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21‐1.45; P < .001), whereas higher extraversion (combined OR = .71; 95% CI = .65‐.79; P < .001) and conscientiousness (combined OR = .70; 95% CI = .62‐.78; P < .001) were associated with a lower likelihood of MCR. Higher openness was also related to a lower risk of MCR in the HRS and the meta‐analysis (combined OR = .77; 95% CI = .70‐.85; P < .001), whereas agreeableness was protective only in the HRS (OR = .83; 95% CI = .74‐.92; P < .001). Additional analyses indicated that physical activity, depressive symptoms, and BMI partially accounted for these associations.CONCLUSIONThis study adds to existing research on the factors related to the risk of MCR by showing an association with personality traits. Personality assessment may help to identify individuals who may be targeted by interventions focused on reducing the risk of MCR and ultimately of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:803–808, 2020
FX Intervention in the New Keynesian Model
Authors: ALLA ZINEDDINE , ESPINOZA RAPHAEL A. , GHOSH ATISH R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe develop an open‐economy New Keynesian Model with foreign exchange (FX) intervention in the presence of a financial accelerator and shocks to risk appetite in international capital markets. We obtain closed‐form solutions for optimal monetary and FX intervention policies assuming the central bank cannot commit to future policies, and we compare the solution to that under policy commitment. We show how FX intervention can help reduce the volatility of the exchange rate, of inflation, and of the output gap, thus mitigating welfare losses associated with shocks in the international capital markets. We also show that, when the financial accelerator is strong, there is a risk of indeterminacy (self‐fulfilling currency and inflation movements) although FX intervention can reduce this risk and thus reinforce the credibility of the inflation targeting regime. Model simulations match well the impact of a VIX shock obtained by local projections on a panel of inflation targeting emerging markets.
A teleost structural analogue to the avian bursa of Fabricius
Authors: Løken Oskar M. , Bjørgen Håvard , Hordvik Ivar , Koppang Erling O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe bursa of Fabricius is a primary and secondary lymphoid organ considered exclusively present in birds, and studies of this structure have been vital to our current understanding of the adaptive immune system of vertebrates. In this study, we reveal substantial lymphoepithelial tissue in a previously undescribed bursa in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), situated caudal to the urogenital papilla of the cloaca and thus analogous to the anatomical placement of the bursa of Fabricius. We investigated three groups of Atlantic salmon at different maturational stages and characterized the structure by applying dissection, radiology, scanning electron microscopy and histological techniques, including immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. We found that the epithelial anlage of the salmon cloacal bursa developed into substantial lymphoepithelial tissue and subsequently regressed following sexual maturation. Such a dynamic development is also a key characteristic of the avian bursa. The presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes was concomitant with expression of the leukocyte‐attracting chemokine CCL19, indicative of lymphoid organ functions. We did not observe recombination or gene conversion in salmon bursal lymphocytes at any developmental stage, indicating the absence of primary lymphoid organ functions in contrast to the bursa of Fabricius. However, the possibility of the bursa to trap both enteric and environmental antigens, combined with the presence of several antigen‐presenting cells residing within the lymphoepithelium, suggest the structure has secondary lymphoid organ functions. We present the discovery of a lymphoid organ in Atlantic salmon with striking topographical similarities to that of the bursa of Fabricius in birds. In addition, the age‐dependent dynamics of its lymphoepithelium suggest functions related to the maturation processes of lymphocytes.
Becoming a Female‐Breadwinner Household in Australia: Changes in Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Blom Niels , Hewitt Belinda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study longitudinally investigated the associations between becoming a female‐breadwinner household and changes in relationship satisfaction for men and women.BackgroundFemale‐breadwinner households pose a fundamental challenge to gender norms, particularly in countries such as Australia with a strong male breadwinner culture. Despite an increase in their prevalence, the implications for relationship satisfaction is understudied. Hypotheses were formulated based on specialization, relative resource, role collaboration, and doing gender theories.MethodA total of 17 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia household panel survey (76,866 observations, 11,986 people) and fixed effects models were used to study the associations between changes in breadwinner arrangements and relationship satisfaction. Building on previous research our breadwinner typology combined employment and income differences between partners, differentiating single earners from dual earners.ResultsBoth men and women became less satisfied when they transitioned to dual‐earner households where women out‐earned their partners. Becoming a female‐breadwinner household due to male unemployment or illness decreased relationship satisfaction for women. Respondents were most satisfied when they were in male‐breadwinner, female‐homemaker households. For women, but not men, gender role attitudes influenced some of these associations.ConclusionThe results extend our understanding of the consequences of the increasing prevalence of female‐breadwinner households and suggest that they may be contributing to lower relationship quality and stability.
Influence of macronutrient composition of commercial diets on circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations in overweight dogs
Authors: Blees Niels Roderick , Wolfswinkel Jeannette , Kooistra Hans Sjoerd , Corbee Ronald Jan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLeptin and adiponectin play important roles in obesity‐related inflammation and comorbidities. Previous research suggests that alterations in dietary macronutrient composition can modify circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations in people, but limited research on this subject has been performed in dogs. This study investigated the effects of commercial high protein (HP), high fat (HF) and high carbohydrate medium protein (HCMP) diets on baseline (T−1) concentrations, post‐prandial peak concentrations and total release in a ten‐hour time span of leptin and adiponectin in dogs, when compared to a maintenance high carbohydrate low protein (HCLP) diet. Thirty‐six overweight dogs were fed the HCLP diet in a one‐week control period, after which the animals were assigned to one of three groups. In three four‐week periods, each group was fed all test diets in a different sequence. At the last day of each period, blood was sampled at one hour before feeding (T−1) and at three (T3), six (T6) and nine (T9) hours after feeding. Feeding caused peak leptin concentrations at T6 and T9 (p < .001). No significant post‐prandial change in adiponectin concentrations was found (p = .056). The HP diet resulted in lower leptin peak concentrations (p = .004) and AUCT−1–T9 (p = .01), but none of the diets influenced baseline leptin concentrations (p = .273). Baseline adiponectin concentrations were lower for the HF diet (p = .018) and HCMP (p < .001), and the HP, HF and HCMP AUCT−1–T9 (p < .001) were lower compared with the HCLP diet. Female dogs had lower adiponectin baseline concentrations (p = .041) and AUCT−1–T9 (p = .023) than male dogs. In conclusion, the HP diet was associated with the lowest post‐prandial peak leptin concentration and the least decrease in adiponectin release, suggesting that a HP diet may improve immune‐metabolic health and post‐prandial satiety in overweight dogs.
Changes in sleep duration associated with retirement transitions: The role of naps
Authors: Jing Rize , Barath Deanna , Zhang Huzyang , Chen Jie , Fang Hai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examined the changes in sleep duration (total sleep time, night‐time sleep and daytime naps) after retirement transitions in China using a panel dataset of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011, 2013 and 2015 with a total of 48,458 respondents. Linear regression analysis with generalized estimating equations was employed to examine the changes in sleep duration after transitions between different types of employment status. After controlling for the confounders, the results showed that the retired population and the population working in agricultural sectors slept 8.02 (p < .01) and 5.19 (p < .01) minutes longer than the population working in non‐agricultural sectors, respectively. Employment transition also had significant effects on sleep duration. Transition from non‐agricultural sectors to retirement increased total sleep time by 13.58 (p < .01) minutes and also raised the probability of daytime naps by 18% (OR = 1.18, p < .01). Transition from agricultural employment to retirement did not significantly affect the total sleep time, but significantly increased the probability of daytime naps (OR = 1.12, p = .02). Reentering the non‐agricultural sectors for the retirees did not significantly affect night‐time sleep, but decreased the probability of daytime naps (OR = 0.73, p < .01) and daytime nap duration (by 5.26 min, p = .01). In conclusion, people in China increased their sleep duration after transitions to retirement, but the magnitudes were much smaller than those in Western countries. Differences may be attributed to an abundant amount of Chinese people working in agricultural sectors, the high volume of retired people reentering the work force and the large proportion of people in China that had daytime naps at baseline.
Beyond the landscape: Resistance modelling infers physical and behavioural gene flow barriers to a mobile carnivore across a metropolitan area
Authors: Kimmig Sophia E. , Beninde Joscha , Brandt Miriam , Schleimer Anna , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Hofer Heribert , Börner Konstantin , Schulze Christoph , Wittstatt Ulrich , Heddergott Mike , Halczok Tanja , Staubach Christoph , Frantz Alain C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUrbanization affects key aspects of wildlife ecology. Dispersal in urban wildlife species may be impacted by geographical barriers but also by a species’ inherent behavioural variability. There are no functional connectivity analyses using continuous individual‐based sampling across an urban‐rural continuum that would allow a thorough assessment of the relative importance of physical and behavioural dispersal barriers. We used 16 microsatellite loci to genotype 374 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the city of Berlin and surrounding rural regions in Brandenburg in order to study genetic structure and dispersal behaviour of a mobile carnivore across the urban‐rural landscape. We assessed functional connectivity by applying an individual‐based landscape genetic optimization procedure. Three commonly used genetic distance measures yielded different model selection results, with only the results of an eigenvector‐based multivariate analysis reasonably explaining genetic differentiation patterns. Genetic clustering methods and landscape resistance modelling supported the presence of an urban population with reduced dispersal across the city border. Artificial structures (railways, motorways) served as main dispersal corridors within the cityscape, yet urban foxes avoided densely built‐up areas. We show that despite their ubiquitous presence in urban areas, their mobility and behavioural plasticity, foxes were affected in their dispersal by anthropogenic presence. Distinguishing between man‐made structures and sites of human activity, rather than between natural and artificial structures, is thus essential for better understanding urban fox dispersal. This differentiation may also help to understand dispersal of other urban wildlife and to predict how behaviour can shape population genetic structure beyond physical barriers.
Contradictions in womxn’s experiences of pre‐abortion counselling in South Africa: Implications for client‐centred practice
Authors: Mavuso Jabulile Mary‐Jane Jace , Macleod Catriona Ida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPre‐abortion counselling may play a key role in abortion seekers’ understanding of their decision to terminate a pregnancy and the subsequent emotions that they feel. In this paper, we report on a study conducted in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa concerning womxn's experiences of the pre‐abortion counselling offered as part of the implementation of the Choice of Termination Act that governs the provision of legal abortion in the country. Using a narrative‐discursive lens, the analysis revealed four micro‐narratives in which participants appreciated non‐directive and empathic counselling, as well as being provided with information. They also indicated that the counselling was upsetting and hurtful, particularly when providers drew on the awfulisation of abortion discourse to suggest that abortion leads to terrible consequences, and foetal personhood discourse to intimate that terminating the pregnancy is wrong and other alternatives (adoption, parenting) are better. The connection between these broadly positive and negative responses may lie in the dominance of anti‐abortion discourses coupled with the powerful positioning of healthcare providers as experts. The attendant disempowerment of clients within the health clinic setting may constrain pregnant people's ability to question such ‘expert’ information. The implications for feminist client‐centred pre‐abortion counselling are discussed.
Characterization of burning mouth syndrome profiles based on response to a local anaesthetic lozenge
Authors: Treldal Charlotte , Petersen Janne , Mogensen Stine , Therkildsen Christina , Jacobsen Jette , Andersen Ove , Pedersen Anne Marie Lynge 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain condition with unknown aetiology but assumed to involve peripheral/central neuropathological and immune‐mediated inflammatory factors. We aimed at characterizing inflammatory and neurogenic profiles and oral symptomatology of patients with BMS based on response to a local anaesthetic lozenge.MethodsPatients with BMS were divided into anEffect(n = 13),No effect(n = 8) orUnspecified(n = 2) group according to their response to a local anaesthetic lozenge on oral pain. Inflammation was assessed in blood plasma and saliva by analyses of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17A, IL‐23 and TNF‐α levels. The degree of inflammation and distribution of oestrogen receptor, NGF, NGF‐receptor, TRPV‐1 and IL‐17F in buccal mucosal tissue were investigated by immunohistochemistry.ResultsImmunoreactivity to the oestrogen receptor was most intense in theEffectgroup, whereas theNo effectgroup tended to have higher plasma levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the response to treatment with local anaesthesia enables subgrouping of patients with BMS according to the potential pathogenic mechanisms. Effect of local anaesthesia indicates a peripheral neuropathology involving lack of oestrogen and upregulation of oestrogen receptors, and no effect indicates a systemic inflammation‐induced mechanism leading to increased levels of plasma cytokines.
Are there reliable and valid measures of anxiety for people with psychosis? A systematic review of psychometric properties
Authors: Smith Emma L. , Garety Philippa A. , Harding Helen , Hardy Amy 
Published: December 2019

PurposeCurrent models of psychosis posit a developmental and maintaining role for anxiety, supported by robust empirical evidence. Given the central role for anxiety in psychosis, valid and reliable assessment is necessary. This systematic review is the first to critically appraise measures of anxiety applied to psychosis samples.MethodsWeb of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies evaluating psychometric properties of instruments measuring anxiety in samples with non‐affective psychosis diagnoses. Psychometric properties were extracted and rated according to established criteria. The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of studies.ResultsOf 4,344 records identified, 11 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion, by two independent raters with high reliability. Reported psychometric properties for 17 different instruments ranged from unacceptable to excellent. The Scale of Anxiety Evaluation in Schizophrenia was assessed most extensively and demonstrated consistently good psychometric properties. The Beck Anxiety Index, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DSM‐based Generalised Anxiety Disorder Symptoms Severity Scale, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory, Psychological Stress Index, Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire, and Yale‐Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale demonstrated adequate reliability and/or validity on the limited properties reported. Methodological quality was largely poor according to the requirements of the COSMIN checklist.ConclusionsThe instruments listed are recommended as at least adequate for the assessment of anxiety in psychosis on the basis of these preliminary data. Further validation of existing instruments designed to measure anxiety in people with psychosis is strongly recommended.Practitioner points

Anxiety has a developmental and maintaining role in psychosis; therefore, we should routinely screen for symptoms of anxiety when working with people with psychosis spectrum disorders.

Studies included in this review reported reliable and valid measures of anxiety for people with psychosis; however, the methodological quality of most studies was poor.

We recommend the BAI, DASS, or SAES for general screening, and the DGSS, LSAS, OCI, PSI, PTQ, and Y‐BOCS to assess symptoms associated with specific anxiety disorders and anxiety‐related processes.
The influence of hospital‐based intravenous immunoglobulin and home‐based self‐administrated subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy in young children with primary immunodeficiency diseases on their parents’ / caregivers’ satisfaction
Authors: Lechanska‐Helman Joanna , Sobocinska Agnieszka , Jerzynska Joanna , Stelmach Iwona 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmunoglobulin replacement has been standard therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD). Intravenous immunoglobin (IVIg) is delivered at the hospital, whereas subcutaneous immunoglobin (SCIg) is used for home‐based treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the advantages and disadvantages of IVIg and SCIg in Polish children aged 1–5 years, with PIDD, and the satisfaction of their parents / caregivers regarding immunoglobulin replacement.MethodsThe research involved parents of 23 children with PIDD, aged 1–5 years. All children were given IVIg therapy and after at least 6 months they were switched towards home SCIg therapy for at least 6 months. A questionnaire assessing advantages and disadvantages of preferred types of treatment and the quality of life of PIDD patients’ families’ lives was used.ResultsThe research showed that IVIg therapy was better accepted by parents than SCIg therapy (P = 0.034) for the following reasons: It made it possible for the children to receive treatment once per month (60%); it reduced the fear of injecting the children (60%), and it provided better control of the disease through regular visits to the hospital (53.33%). Parents noticed, however, that IVIg had a significant impact on absence at school or work (70%). Parents who preferred SCIg for their children were guided mainly by the smaller number of side effects (40%), and the fact that the treatment did not interfere with parents’ work or the children’s school (40%).ConclusionThe results showed that IVIg therapy was better accepted by parents than SCIg therapy Parents of children with SCIg are less satisfied with their life, and feel anxiety about their children disease, which is related to administering the medicine by themselves.