bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzyne‐Induced Ring Opening Reactions of DABCO: Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Piperazines and Piperidines
Authors: Seo Jeongseob , Kim Daegeun , Ko Haye Min 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 2‐(4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)ethan‐1‐amine scaffold is a structurally important motif that occurs frequently in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. Despite the significance of this moiety, general strategies for its synthesis to date have required multistep methods and have been very limited, such as the use of SNAr‐type reactions. Herein, we describe a synthetic methodology employing benzynes, 1,4‐diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octane (DABCO), and nitrogen nucleophiles to access these privileged organic compounds. The established protocol proved to be a transition‐metal‐free, mild reaction that proceeded via a quaternary ammonium salt formed from the benzyne and DABCO.magnified image
Ultrastable Sodium–Sulfur Batteries without Polysulfides Formation Using Slit Ultramicropore Carbon Carrier
Authors: Guo Qiubo , Li Shuang , Liu Xuejun , Lu Haochen , Chang Xiaoqing , Zhang Hongshen , Zhu Xiaohui , Xia Qiuying , Yan Chenglin , Xia Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe formation of the soluble polysulfides (Na2Sn, 4 ≤ n ≤ 8) causes poor cycling performance for room temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries. Moreover, the formation of insoluble polysulfides (Na2Sn, 2 ≤ n < 4) can slow down the reaction kinetics and terminate the discharge reaction before it reaches the final product. In this work, coffee residue derived activated ultramicroporous coffee carbon (ACC) material loading with small sulfur molecules (S2–4) as cathode material for RT Na–S batteries is reported. The first principle calculations indicate the space confinement of the slit ultramicropores can effectively suppress the formation of polysulfides (Na2Sn, 2 ≤ n ≤ 8). Combining with in situ UV/vis spectroscopy measurements, one‐step reaction RT Na–S batteries with Na2S as the only and final discharge product without polysulfides formation are demonstrated. As a result, the ultramicroporous carbon loaded with 40 wt% sulfur delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 1492 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g−1). When cycled at 1 C rate, the carbon–sulfur composite electrode exhibits almost no capacity fading after 2000 cycles with 100% coulombic efficiency, revealing excellent cycling stability and reversibility. The superb cycling stability and rate performance demonstrate ultramicropore confinement can be an effective strategy to develop high performance cathode for RT Na–S batteries.
Tattooing Plastics with Reversible and Irreversible Encryption
Authors: Yimyai Tiwa , Phakkeeree Treethip , Crespy Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSelf‐healing materials are explored for restoring mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. Inspired by the process of tattooing on human skin, a method for engraving non‐permanent or permanent messages on plastics is developed. A self‐healing polymer containing dynamic disulfide bonds is employed as substrate for encryption of written messages. The polymer is engraved with a dye solution which is subsequently covered by the polymer matrix upon activation with temperature increase. The dye is then located at the subsurface of the substrate so that the information cannot be removed easily by wear or extraction with solvents. Therefore, self‐healing polymers can be applied as sustainable substrates for reversibly and irreversibly engraving information.
Medical genetics education in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic: Shared resources
Authors: Regier Debra S. , Smith Wendy E. , Byers Heather M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is appropriate that our focus is on patient care and preparation. However, the genetics community is well poised to fill in the educational gap created by medical students transitioning to limiting patient contact, creation of telemedicine patient care, and online learning modules. Our history of agility in learning and teaching is now only inhibited by the time constraints of current clinical demands on the genetics community. This publication is designed to offer ideas and resources for quickly transitioning our education to meet the current demands in the time of a pandemic. Not only will this allow us to continue our strong history of education, it will enhance our strong commitment to using modern educational techniques and tools to address the genetics workforce issues that have defined the recent past. We have the opportunity to aggressively educate for trainees that now have the capacity to learn, and to lead the way in showing how the genetics community rallies together no matter the challenge.
High‐altitude adaptations mitigate risk for hypertension and diabetes‐associated anemia
Authors: Wander Katherine , Su Mingjie , Mattison Peter M. , Sum Chun‐Yi , Witt Christopher C. , Shenk Mary K. , Blumenfield Tami , Li Hui , Mattison Siobhán M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman populations native to high altitude exhibit numerous genetic adaptations to hypobaric hypoxia. Among Tibetan plateau peoples, these include increased vasodilation and uncoupling of erythropoiesis from hypoxia.Objective/MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that these high‐altitude adaptations reduce risk for hypertension and diabetes‐associated anemia among the Mosuo, a Tibetan‐descended population in the mountains of Southwest China that is experiencing rapid economic change and increased chronic disease risk.ResultsHypertension was substantially less common among Mosuo than low‐altitude Han populations, and models fit to the Han predicted higher probability of hypertension than models fit to the Mosuo. Diabetes was positively associated with anemia among the Han, but not the Mosuo.ConclusionThe Mosuo have lower risk for hypertension and diabetes‐associated anemia than the Han, supporting the hypothesis that high‐altitude adaptations affecting blood and circulation intersect with chronic disease processes to lower risk for these outcomes. As chronic diseases continue to grow as global health concerns, it is important to investigate how they may be affected by local genetic adaptations.
Nickela‐electrocatalyzed Mild C−H Alkylations at Room Temperature
Authors: Samanta Ramesh C. , Struwe Julia , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirect alkylations of carboxylic acid derivatives are challenging and particularly nickel catalysis commonly requires high reaction temperatures and strong bases, translating into limited substrate scope. Herein, nickel‐catalyzed C−H alkylations of unactivated 8‐aminoquinoline amides have been realized under exceedingly mild conditions, namely at room temperature, with a mild base and a user‐friendly electrochemical setup. This electrocatalyzed C−H alkylation displays high functional group tolerance and is applicable to both the primary and secondary alkylation. Based on detailed mechanistic studies, a nickel(II/III/I) catalytic manifold has been proposed.
Preparation and characterization of pitch coke from oxidized polymerized pitch
Authors: Zhu Yaming , Sun Shushuang , Xu Yunliang , Zhao Chunlei , Hu Chaoshuai , Cheng Junxia , Zhao Xuefei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRefined polymerized pitch (RPP) is a by‐product from the production of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB). In order to understand the effects of an air oxidation treatment on the microstructure of the synthesized pitch coke, oxidized and polymerized pitch (prepared by oxidation in air with RPP as the raw material) has been used as the raw material to produce pitch coke. The microstructure of as‐prepared pitch coke was determined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy and was combined with a curve‐fitting method. The true density and micro‐strength of each pitch coke was also investigated in this study. The results showed that the oxidation of RPP in air caused a mosaic structure with amorphous carbon in the derived pitch coke. In addition, the micro‐strength of the derived pitch coke improved from 65% to 77%, and the amorphous carbon content also increased from 10.41% to 14.59% after the air oxidation treatment. Therefore, the air oxidation treatment of RPP took place before liquid‐carbonization and was a feasible method for the production of hard carbon.
The role of serum Dickkopf‐1 in predicting 30‐day death in severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ke Xin , Yang Ming , Luo Jin‐Ming , Zhang Yu , Chen Xiao‐Yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveDickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1), an inhibitor of the canonical/‐catenin cascade of the Wnt pathway, was upregulated in brain tissues of hemorrhagic stroke rats, and its rising circulating levels were associated with poor prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients. We attempted to ascertain the relationship between serum DKK‐1 levels and 30‐day death after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Materials and methodsSerum DKK‐1 levels were gauged in a total of 94 sTBI patients and 94 healthy controls. Trauma severity was assessed using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Rotterdam classification based on head computerized tomography scan. Prognostic variable was 30‐day death.ResultsCompared with controls, serum DKK‐1 levels were substantially elevated in patients (median value, 3.7 versus 1.0 ng/ml). Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.802 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.708–0.877) for predicting 30‐day death. Adjusted logistic regression showed that serum DKK‐1 levels above 3.7 ng/ml remained as an independent marker of 30‐day death (odds ratio, 8.573; 95% CI, 1.386–53.020) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 7.322; 95% CI, 1.320–40.622). An intimate correlation existed between DKK‐1 levels and GCS scores (r = −.649) in addition to Rotterdam classification (r = .664).ConclusionsHigh serum levels of DKK‐1 are closely associated with increasing severity and rising short‐term mortality of sTBI.
SNGH16 regulates cell autophagy to promote Sorafenib Resistance through suppressing miR‐23b‐3p via sponging EGR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jing Zhao , Ye Xiaoping , Ma Xiaojie , Hu Xiangrong , Yang Wenjun , Shi Junping , Chen Gongying , Gong Ling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTumor cells could acquire drug resistance through cell autophagy. This study aimed to explore the role of SNHG16 in sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells and its mechanism with miR‐23b‐3p.MethodsThe sorafenib‐resistant Hep3B cell model was established. The SNHG16 and miR‐23b‐3p gene expressions were determined in normal HCC and sorafenib‐resistant HCC tissues. Detection of the expression of SNHG16 and miR‐23b‐3p and its respective correlation with survival rate were performed. Target genes to SNHG16 and miR‐23b‐3p were predicted, and verified by dual‐fluorescent reporter assay. The effects of SNHG16 and miR‐23b‐3p on SNHG16, miR‐23b‐3p, EGR1 expression, viability, apoptosis as well as LC3II/LC3 expression in Hep3B and Hep3B/So cells were detected by qRT‐PCR, CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and western blot. In in vivo studies, the NOD/SCID mice model was established to explore the effects of Hep3B and Hep3B/So cells with inhibited SNHG16 or miR‐23b‐3p on tumor size, EGR1 expression, and autophagy.ResultsHigh SNHG16 expression in HCC‐resistant tissues and low miR‐23b‐3p expression in all HCC tissues were detected, and the two were negatively correlated. Low SNHG16 and high miR‐23b‐3p were related to a high survival rate of HCC patients. Moreover, SNHG16 overexpression promoted Hep3B/So cell viability and autophagy, suppressed apoptosis by inhibiting miR‐23b‐3p expression through up‐regulating EGR1, however, the effect of si‐SNHG16 was opposite. In in vivo studies, miR‐23b‐3p inhibitor suppressed the high sorafenib sensitivity in Hep3B/So cells caused by SNHG16 silencing through promoting viability, autophagy, and suppressing apoptosis.ConclusionSNHG16 promotes Hep3B/So cell viability, autophagy, and inhibits apoptosis to maintain its resistance to sorafenib through regulating the expression of miR‐23b‐3p via sponging EGR1.
Functional characteristics and protein quality of selected commercially obtained brown and yellow canary seed flours and prepared isolates
Authors: Moura Marília A. F. , Perera Suneru , Ren Yikai , Takahashi Jacqueline A. , Ai Yongfeng , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCanary seed is a true cereal crop and classified as a “novel” food for human consumption. To explore potential food applications, the current study focused on evaluating the functional and nutritional properties of flours and protein isolates from glabrous (yellow and brown) canary seed.FindingsThe proximate composition, total starch and total amylose contents of the flours from both brown and yellow seeds were not significantly different. Both flours shared similar pasting properties and started developing viscosity at ~90°C. All the protein isolates showed >75% purity although were obtained in low yield (<5%). Most of the functional properties of the canary seed flour were significantly lower than those of the protein isolates. Similarly, lower digestibility of the flours (<32% in vitro protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores—PDCAAS) was evident in comparison with the isolates (>50% in vitro PDCAAS).ConclusionsThere are no significant differences between the yellow and brown canary seed proteins in terms of their composition, and functional and nutritional properties. However, marked differences were observed between the flours and protein isolates. The selection of yellow seed over the brown seed could be based on the color attributes of the flour or isolates for the intended product application.Significance and noveltyThis study provides insight on the protein quality, that is, functional and nutritional properties, of flour and protein isolates from yellow and brown canary seed. The findings provide prospects of selecting yellow seeds versus brown seeds for product applications based on their protein quality.
Computational fluid dynamics modelling of hydrocarbon fires in open environments: Literature review
Authors: Palacios Adriana , Rengel Borja , Casal Joaquim , Pastor Elsa , Planas Eulàlia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrocarbon fuels are involved in most major fire accidents occurring in industrial facilities. Due to the need for an in‐depth understanding of the phenomena associated with hydrocarbon fires, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling has been widely employed in the field of fire risk analysis over the last decades. The aim of the present review is to provide the reader with a comprehensive compilation and discussion of the most important aspects involving CFD modelling to simulate hydrocarbon fires in open environments. The fire sizes simulated, the fuels used, the codes employed, the variables of interest measured, the simulation purposes and the results accuracy have been examined through a wide literature survey, which includes peer‐reviewed journals and congress papers dating from the 90s until now.
Increasing the efficiency of recurrent selection for angular leaf spot resistance in common bean
Authors: Librelon Samira Santiago , Pádua Paula Furtado de , Abreu Ângela de Fátima Barbosa , Ramalho Magno Antonio Patto , Souza Elaine Aparecida de 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding program for resistance to Pseudocercospora griseola (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun (angular leaf spot) using recurrent selection has been conducted since 1998 in Brazil. The selection has been carried out in the field with high natural occurrence of the pathogen. One recurrent selection cycle has been conducted per year. The efficiency of artificial inoculation of P. griseola and early assessment of angular leaf spot severity in common bean progenies of this program were evaluated. For this, 254 and 166 S0:1 progenies from Cycles XVI and XVIII, respectively, were assessed for angular leaf spot severity in field, with natural occurrence of the pathogen and in greenhouse with artificial inoculation of P. griseola. Most progenies showed a high level of resistance to angular leaf spot, indicating the efficiency of recurrent selection. Artificial inoculation of P. griseola in the greenhouse showed promise for the selection of resistant plants in a recurrent selection program allowing breeders to carry out two cycles per year. A scheme was proposed that combined the advantages of early‐generation selection with artificial inoculation of the pathogen in greenhouse with the advantages of selection in field with natural occurrence of P. griseola in the dry season, increasing genetic gain per unit time.
Comparing yield trial locations based on their elicited expressions of genetic variance among soybean cultivars
Authors: Ashworth Amanda J. , Knapp Victoria , Allen Fred L. , Saxton Arnold M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMain considerations for yield trial site selection are the ability to discriminate among genotypes, minimize redundancy, and generate a genotype × environment interaction representative of the targeted market region. The objective was to utilize soybean (Glycine max L.) variety trial results of five relative maturity group (MG) tests at five Tennessee locations spanning 14 yr to compare test location uniqueness and/or redundancy via genetic variance estimates (estimated as twice the genetic variance among homozygous lines) and cluster analysis. Principle components analyses allowed for location comparisons of genetic variance expression among cultivars in different MG tests. Individual location, test, and year genetic variance estimates ranged from < 1–285 (Mg ha−1)2. Years and locations affected the magnitude of genetic variance, with years largely driving genetic expression within MGs in these environments. Location‐induced effects were likely owing to different MGs experiencing soil moisture and temperature (day and nighttime) at varying maturity stages. Within a given location, the magnitudes of genetic variance estimates were similar among the five MGs, illustrating that glyphosate‐tolerant and nontolerant cultivars had similar genetic variability. There were three sets of three locations that consistently provided nonredundant genetic expression, with two locations being duplicative. These results indicate that four of the five locations are needed, and one location could be eliminated without compromising cultivar yield trial information for five MG tests. Such analyses are worthwhile for comparing yield trial locations for their discriminating ability and representativeness that are essential for a robust variety test program within a targeted region.
Telesurgery QoS improvement over SDN based on a Type‐2 fuzzy system and enhanced cuckoo optimization algorithm
Authors: Parsaei Mohammad Reza , Boveiri Hamid Reza , Javidan Reza , Khayami Raouf 
Published: April 2020

SummaryTelemedicine is a new area based on the information and communication technology for collecting, storing, organizing, retrieving and exchanging medical information. One of the most important applications of telemedicine is indeed telesurgery in which an efficient telecommunication infrastructure between the surgery room and remote surgeons need to be established. One of the most important issues to be tackled in telesurgery is to find favorable links for routing as well as providing high Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, an efficient model based on the hybridization of Type‐2 Fuzzy System (T2FS) and Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) over the Software Defined Networks (SDN) is proposed in order to achieve optimal and reliable routes for telesurgery application. Using T2FS, the fitness of the links is determined; then, a COA is conducted over the Constraint Shortest Path (CSP) problem to find the best routes. Delay is considered as a CSP problem which is satisfied by trying to find the paths with minimum cost. Due to the NP‐completeness of the CSP problem, an Enhanced COA (so‐called E‐COA) is proposed and utilized as a metaheuristic solver. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first SDN‐based communication model that applies both T2FS and E‐COA for assigning proper costs to the network's links, and solves the consequence CSP problem according to the QoS requirement for telesurgery. The model also recognizes and preserves the second‐best routes in order to keep the reliability for such a critical application. In addition to the simulations, the performance evaluation is also conducted on a real experimental scenario. Many comparisons are carried out between the proposed model and other conventional methods, and the evaluation study shows the superiority of the proposed model on all the three QoS‐related metrics, i.e. average end‐to‐end delay, packet loss ratio and PSNR.
DORS: A data overhead reduction scheme for hybrid networks in smart cities
Authors: Said Omar , Tolba Amr 
Published: April 2020

SummaryToday, smart cities represent an effective digital platform for facilitating our lives by shifting all stakeholders toward more sustainable behavior. Consequently, the field of smart cities has become an increasingly important research area. The smart city comprises a huge number of hybrid networks, with each network containing an enormous number of nodes that transmit massive amounts of data, thus giving rise to many network problems, such as delay and loss of connectivity. Decreasing the amount of such transmitted data is a great challenge. This paper presents a data overhead reduction scheme (DORS) for heterogeneous networks in smart city environments that comprise five different methods: median, nonlinear least squares, compression, data merging, and prioritization. Each method is applied according to the current status of quality of service. To measure the performance of the proposed model, a simulation environment is constructed for a smart city using network simulation package, NS2. The obtained results indicate that DORS has the capability to decrease the size of transmitted data in the simulated smart city environment while attaining a notable performance enhancement in terms of data reduction rate, end‐to‐end delay, packet loss ratio, throughput, and energy consumption ratio.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi drive positive phylogenetic plant–soil feedbacks in a regionally dominant tropical plant family
Authors: Segnitz R. Max , Russo Sabrina E. , Davies Stuart J. , Peay Kabir G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile work in temperate forests suggests that there are consistent differences in plant–soil feedback (PSF) between plants with arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal associations, it is unclear whether these differences exist in tropical rainforests. We tested the effects of mycorrhizal type, phylogenetic relationships to overstory species, and soil fertility on the growth of tree seedlings in a tropical Bornean rainforest with a high diversity of both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal trees. We found that ectomycorrhizal tree seedlings had higher growth in soils conditioned by close relatives and that this was associated with higher mycorrhizal colonization. By contrast, arbuscular mycorrhizal tree seedlings generally grew more poorly in soils conditioned by close relatives. For ectomycorrhizal species, the phylogenetic trend was insensitive to soil fertility. For arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings, however, the effect of growing in soils conditioned by close relatives became increasingly negative as soil fertility increased. Our results demonstrate consistent effects of mycorrhizal type on plant–soil feedbacks across forest biomes. The positive effects of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis may help explain biogeographic variation across tropical forests, such as familial dominance of the Dipterocarpaceae in southeast Asia. However, positive feedbacks also raise questions about the role of PSFs in maintaining tropical diversity.