bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of tomato fruit cuticles: a cross‐talk between the cutin polyester and cell wall polysaccharides
Authors: Philippe Glenn , Geneix Nathalie , Petit Johann , Guillon Fabienne , Sandt Christophe , Rothan Christophe , Lahaye Marc , Marion Didier , Bakan Bénédicte 
Published: December 2019

Summary

The cuticle is an essential and ubiquitous biological polymer composite covering aerial plant organs, whose structural component is the cutin polyester entangled with cell wall polysaccharides. The nature of the cutin‐embedded polysaccharides (CEPs) and their association with cutin polyester are still unresolved

Using tomato fruit as a model, chemical and enzymatic pretreatments combined with biochemical and biophysical methods were developed to compare the fine structure of CEPs with that of the noncutinized polysaccharides (NCPs). In addition, we used tomato fruits from cutin‐deficient transgenic lines cus1 (cutin synthase 1) to study the impact of cutin polymerization on the fine structure of CEPs.

Cutin‐embedded polysaccharides exhibit specific structural features including a high degree of esterification (i.e. methylation and acetylation), a low ramification of rhamnogalacturonan (RGI), and a high crystallinity of cellulose. In addition to decreasing cutin deposition and polymerization, cus1 silencing induced a specific modification of CEPs, especially on pectin content, while NCPs were not affected.

This new evidence of the structural specificities of CEPs and of the cross‐talk between cutin polymerization and polysaccharides provides new hypotheses concerning the formation of these complex lipopolysaccharide edifices.
Molecular mechanisms for short root anomaly
Authors: Yu Mengjia , Jiang Zhiwei , Wang Yang , Xi Yue , Yang Guoli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractShort root anomaly (SRA) is a dental disorder that presents an abnormal root morphology with short and blunt dental roots. In this situation, many dental treatments face a difficult challenge, especially orthodontic and prosthodontic treatments. Therefore, an understanding of how SRA develops is urgently needed. Here we describe that the abnormal expression of nuclear factor I C‐type (Nfic), osterix (Osx), hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), Smad, Wnt, β‐catenin, and dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1) leads to SRA. These factors interact with each other and constitute complicated signaling network in tooth formation. Specifically, BMP signaling inhibits the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin directly or by inducing Osx via Runx2‐dependent and Runx2‐independent pathways. And Osx is a main inhibitor of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. In return, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling has an antagonistic action of BMP pathway and a stimulation of Runx2. We highlight the importance of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in the pathological mechanisms. Either suppression or overactivation of this signaling influences the normal odontogenesis. Finally, we list rescue experiments on animal models, which have been reported to restore the interrupted cell differentiation and impaired tooth formation. We hope to find potential treatments for SRA based on these evidences in the future.
My journey into the birth of plant transgenesis and its impact on modern plant biology
Authors: Herrera‐Estrella Luis 
Published: December 2019

SummaryI had the fortune to start my scientific carrier during the early stages of the development of plant transformation in one of the leading laboratories in the field. Here, I describe my personal experience in the laboratory of Marc van Montagu and Jeff Schell, and some important contributions that the group made to the development of the technology to produce transgenic plants. I also briefly summarize the impact of this technology on the development of modern plant biology and in plant molecular improvement.
Good clinical teachers in pediatrics: The perspective of pediatricians in Japan
Authors: Nishiya Katsumi , Sekiguchi Shinichiro , Yoshimura Hiroshi , Takamura Akiteru , Wada Hiroshi , Konishi Eri , Saiki Takuya , Tsunekawa Koji , Fujisaki Kazuhiko , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify the attributes of good clinical teachers in pediatrics (CTPs) in Japan, and to elucidate pediatricians and pediatric trainees' perceptions of these attributes.MethodsThe attributes of good CTPs were identified qualitatively by conducting a thematic analysis of questionnaires answered by board‐certified pediatricians and pediatric trainees. The attributes identified were rated quantitatively by a large number of participants in both groups.ResultsForty‐eight individual attributes of good CTPs were identified, which were classified into three domains: personal, pediatrician, and teacher. The three domains and most of the attributes were consistent with previous studies. However, a few additional attributes, including “is kind/thoughtful toward others” and “defends trainees”, which may be unique to pediatricians in Japan, were identified. Significant differences in the pediatricians' and trainees' perceptions of these attributes were elucidated: The differences were most noticeable for teacher attributes and least for personal attributes.ConclusionAlthough most of the identified attributes of good CTPs in our study appear to be universal, there were significant differences in the pediatricians' and trainees' perceptions of good CTPs, especially in relation to teacher attributes. Our study provides additional bases for good CTPs and future faculty development, for enhanced pediatric clinical education.
The Occult Mind of Simone Weil
Authors: Kotva Simone 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article argues that Weil's interest in occult and esoteric subjects such as Gnosticism and Egyptian mystery religion was not an eccentric sideline to an otherwise ‘Christian’ mysticism but emerged necessarily out of her philosophical method, which, quite independently of those texts where Weil deals with esoterica, displays that pathos of hiddenness so characteristic of occultism: the notion, expressed especially clearly in her late work, that philosophy is the search for a truth hidden from the eyes of ordinary persons and accessible only to those able to endure the ordeals required to gain access into its mysteries. In the second part of the argument, I show that Weil's ‘occultism’ was not an isolated phenomenon but symptomatic of broader trends among intellectuals at the time.
Longitudinal 3D Blood Flow Distribution Provided by Diffuse Correlation Tomography during Bone Healing in a Murine Fracture Model
Authors: Ren Jingxuan , Han Songfeng , Proctor Ashley R. , Desa Danielle E. , Ramirez Gabriel A. , Ching‐Roa Vincent Ralph D. , Majeski Joseph B. , Dar Irfaan A. , Barber Nathaniel E. , Forti Amanda M. , Benoit Danielle S.W. , Choe Regine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNoninvasive monitoring of vascularization can potentially diagnose impaired bone healing earlier than current radiographic methods. In this study, a noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (DCT) technique was employed to measure longitudinal blood flow changes during bone healing in a murine femoral fracture model. The three‐dimensional distribution of the relative blood flow was quantified from one day pre‐fracture to 48 days post‐fracture. For three mice, frequent DCT measurements were performed every other day for one week after fracture, and then weekly thereafter. A decrease in blood flow was observed in the bone fracture region at one day post‐fracture, followed by a monotonic increase in blood flow beyond the pre‐injury baseline until five to seven days post‐fracture. For the remaining 12 mice, only weekly DCT measurements were performed. Data collected on a weekly basis show the blood flow for most mice was elevated above baseline during the first two post‐fracture weeks, followed by a subsequent decrease. Torsional strength of the excised femurs was measured for all 15 mice after 7 weeks of healing. A metric based on the early blood flow changes shows a statistically significant difference between the high strength group and the low strength group.
Systemic Dynamics of Policy Change: Overcoming Some Blind Spots of Punctuated Equilibrium Theory
Authors: Fernández‐i‐Marín Xavier , Hurka Steffen , Knill Christoph , Steinebach Yves 
Published: December 2019

In this article, we analyze dynamics of policy change from the perspective of Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET). In particular, we investigate how economic crises impact on patterns of policy change in policy areas that vary in terms of their proximity to economic matters: social, environmental, and morality policy. We make two contributions. First, we show that economic crises lead to more incrementalist patterns of policy change in crisis‐remote policy subsystems and make policy punctuations in these areas less likely. However, if such punctuations do occur, they tend to be particularly extreme. Second, we argue that the empirical implications of PET are best tested by separately analyzing variance as an indicator for incrementalism and degrees of freedom as an indicator for punctuations. The empirical analysis builds on two data sets capturing policy output changes in 13 European countries over a period of 34 years (1980–2013).
Factors associated with depressive symptoms among elderly Koreans: the role of health status, work ability, financial problems, living alone, and family relationships
Authors: Bae Sung‐Man 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore predictors of depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans.MethodsThe data from Korean Welfare Panel survey of Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2015 was used in this study. Six thousand four hundred and seventy‐one elderly adults aged 60–99 participated in this study. Mean age of subjects was 74.37 years (SD = 8.27) and participants were 2569 male (39.7%) and 3902 female (60.3%).ResultsMultiple hierarchical regression analysis indicated that perceived health status, family relationships, living alone, financial problems, work ability, gender, age, marital status, and religion are significant predictors of elderly depressive symptoms. In particular, perceived health status, family relationships, and work ability were powerful predictors of depressive symptoms in Korean elderly. The total explanatory amount of the regression model was 28.7%.ConclusionsThis study suggests that researchers and clinicians should consider together factors associated with health status, interpersonal relationships, economic status, work, and socio‐demographic variables in order to prevent elderly depression.
Clinical factors associated with activities of daily living and their decline in patients with severe dementia
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki , Nagata Yuma , Ishimaru Daiki , OGAWA Yasuhiro , FUKUHARA Keita , Nishikawa Takashi 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundTo identify the clinical factors affecting activities of daily living (ADL) at baseline and after 6 months.MethodsWe conducted a single‐centre observational study at two time points across 6 months (baseline and after 6 months) from April 2015 to March 2017. in a 270‐bed rural recuperation hospital at Hyogo prefecture in Japan. The total number of participants was 131 (male 33, female 98; mean age: 87.0 ± 7.0; mild and moderate dementia, 38; severe dementia, 93). Measurement scales used were Personal Self‐Maintenance Scale (PSMS) for assessing ADL, Mini‐Mental State Examination and Cognitive Test in Severe Dementia (CTSD) for cognitive function, Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Nursing Home version and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) for behavioural/psychological symptoms of dementia, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short form (MNA‐SF) for nutritional status, Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia for pain, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and the number of illness categories based on Cumulative Illness Rating Scale Geriatrics for comorbidities. Multiple regression analyses identified the association between PSMS score as the dependent variable and other variables as independent variables.ResultsIn participants with severe dementia, the PSMS scores at baseline were significantly associated with CTSD, CCI, MNA‐SF, and CSDD scores. In the longitudinal analysis, only CTSD score was significantly associated with PSMS score after 6 months. It is noteworthy that for participants with severe dementia, the only factor associated with ADL after 6 months was cognitive function, as assessed by CTSD score.ConclusionsThe most important factor predicting functional decline is cognitive function, even at the severe and profound stage.
Modelling Environmental DNA Data; Bayesian Variable Selection Accounting for False Positive and False Negative Errors
Authors: Griffin Jim E. , Matechou Eleni , Buxton Andrew S. , Bormpoudakis Dimitrios , Griffiths Richard A. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEnvironmental DNA is a survey tool with rapidly expanding applications for assessing the presence of a species at surveyed sites. Environmental DNA methodology is known to be prone to false negative and false positive errors at the data collection and laboratory analysis stages. Existing models for environmental DNA data require augmentation with additional sources of information to overcome identifiability issues of the likelihood function and do not account for environmental covariates that predict the probability of species presence or the probabilities of error. We present a novel Bayesian model for analysing environmental DNA data by proposing informative prior distributions for logistic regression coefficients that enable us to overcome parameter identifiability, while performing efficient Bayesian variable selection. Our methodology does not require the use of transdimensional algorithms and provides a general framework for performing Bayesian variable selection under informative prior distributions in logistic regression models.
Significant others’ perceptions of being taken seriously by the Swedish Ambulance Service when the patient is assessed as nonurgent
Authors: Rantala Andreas , Ekwall Anna , Forsberg Anna 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAt least 50% of all ambulance assignments are deemed nonurgent, while 47–96% are initiated by someone other than the patient. Previous research has highlighted the importance of being taken seriously. However, additional knowledge of how significant others experience the situation when a patient is assessed as nonurgent is needed.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the person‐centred climate in the Ambulance Service from the perspective of significant others by means of the Person‐centred Climate Questionnaire – Family version (PCQ‐F), to psychometrically investigate the construct validity of additional items intended to measure perceptions of being taken seriously and to explore possible relationships between the person‐centred climate and these additional items.MethodsA retrospective, explorative, cross‐sectional survey design was employed. In total, 241 questionnaires were distributed. Descriptive and comparative statistics and a factor analysis of eight items possibly constructing person‐centredness are presented.ResultsThe 100 respondents experienced the climate as very person‐centred. Relationships were found between the items that might constitute person‐centredness and the PCQ‐F. The PCQ‐F can explain perceived person‐centredness through the additional items that may constitute person‐centredness in the Ambulance Service context.ConclusionSignificant others consider eight aspects of being taken seriously as the core of person‐centredness in nonurgent Ambulance Service assignments. There is a relationship between the psychosocial climate and the additional items that might constitute person‐centredness.
Sedimentology, stratigraphy and architecture of the Nicobar Fan (Bengal–Nicobar Fan System), Indian Ocean: Results from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 362
Authors: Pickering Kevin T. , Pouderoux Hugo , McNeill Lisa C. , Backman Jan , Chemale Farid , Kutterolf Steffen , Milliken Kitty L. , Mukoyoshi Hideki , Henstock Timothy J. , Stevens Duncan E. , Parnell Charlie , Dugan Brandon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrill sites in the southern Bay of Bengal at 3°N 91°E (International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 362) have sampled for the first time a complete section of the Nicobar Fan and below to the oceanic crust. This generally overlooked part of the Bengal–Nicobar Fan System may provide new insights into uplift and denudation rates of the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau. The Nicobar Fan comprises sediment gravity‐flow deposits, mostly turbidites, that alternate with hemipelagite drapes and pelagite intervals of varying thicknesses. The decimetre‐thick to metre‐thick oldest pre‐fan sediments (limestones/chalks) dated at 69 Ma are overlain by volcanic material and slowly accumulated pelagites (0.5 g cm−2 kyr−1). At Expedition 362 Site U1480, terrigenous input began in the early Miocene at ca 22.5 Ma as muds, overlain by very thin‐bedded and thin‐bedded muddy turbidites at ca 19.5 Ma. From 9.5 Ma, sand content and sediment supply sharply increase (from 1–5 to 10–50 g cm−2 kyr−1). Despite the abundant normal faulting in the Nicobar Fan compared with the Bengal Fan, it offers a better‐preserved and more homogeneous sedimentary record with fewer unconformities. The persistent connection between the two fans ceased at 0.28 Ma when the Nicobar Fan became inactive. The Nicobar Fan is a major sink for Himalaya‐derived material. This study presents integrated results of International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 362 with older Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program/International Ocean Discovery Program sites that show that the Bengal–Nicobar Fan System experienced successive large‐scale avulsion processes that switched sediment supply between the Bengal Fan (middle Miocene and late Pleistocene) and the Nicobar Fan (late Miocene to early Pleistocene). A quantitative analysis of the submarine channels of the Nicobar Fan is also presented, including their stratigraphic frequency, showing that channel size/area and abundance peaked at ca 2 to 3 Ma, but with a distinct low at 3 to 7 Ma: the intervening stratigraphic [sub]unit was a time of reduced sediment accumulation rates.
Psychometric properties and validation of the Swedish Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a clinical and non‐clinical sample among meditators and non‐meditators
Authors: Lilja Josefine L. , Falkenström Fredrik , Zelleroth Clara , Jacobson Emma , Risberg Stina , Nissling Linnea , Weineland Sandra 
Published: December 2019

Over a period of 15 years several attempts to conceptualize mindfulness have been presented and revised, but there is still no clear or agreed‐upon definition. The use of mindfulness‐based interventions has increased in clinical and research settings the last couple of years, including in Sweden. As a clinician it is crucial to know if a treatment works through the theoretically postulated mechanisms of change. Mindfulness is a concept that is difficult to measure. The overall aim of the current project was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ_SWE) using three different studies. To test the construct validity of the FFMQ_SWE a hierarchal confirmatory factor analysis was performed in a meditating non‐clinical sample, to examine if all the five facets would load on an overall mindfulness construct. Psychometric properties of the instrument were examined in a non‐clinical and a clinical sample, and discriminative relationships with other variables were analysed. The convergent validity was examined by analysing the correlations between FFMQ_SWE and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Sense of Coherence and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Test‐retest reliability was tested by distributing FFMQ_SWE at two occasions. The hierarchal confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit in a population of meditators. The FFMQ_SWE showed good convergent validity and test‐retest reliability in both clinical and non‐clinical populations. In sum, the Swedish version of the FFMQ showed good psychometric properties and can be a useful instrument as an evaluation of treatment effects in both health care settings and research settings.
Gangs, gangsters, and the impact of settler colonialism on the Latina/o experience
Authors: Durán Robert J. , Campos Jason A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs the largest minority group in the United States, Latinas/os have experienced a long history of discrimination, prejudice, and stigmatization as gang members. A contemporary survey of law enforcement agencies reported that Latinos continue to be the largest proportion of any racial or ethnic group involved in gangs. To describe such a pattern, the framework of settler colonialism will be utilized to describe differential experiences based on race, gender, and how structural inequalities vary by region and time. Latinas/os have been particularly impacted by segregation, second‐class treatment, and policies considered racially neutral. Gangs provide a topical area for examining patterns of racialization and social control. The authors of this article will outline the research literature on gangs and how settler colonialism has impacted the Latina/o population regarding the origination of gangs, reasons for joining, behaviors and activities, and the process for leaving these groups. The authors emphasize decolonization strategies including reducing structural inequalities and thereby reducing gang membership and risky behaviors. Until this can be accomplished, the authors hope for human rights, labor equity, and religious organizing efforts that can form into social movements of collective empowerment and justice.
Parental emotion regulation strategies and parenting quality predict child internalizing symptoms in families experiencing homelessness
Authors: Palmer Alyssa R. , Labella Madelyn , Plowman Elizabeth J. , Foster Rachel , Masten Ann S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdaptive emotion regulation (ER) in parents has been linked to better parenting quality and social–emotional adjustment in children from middle‐income families. In particular, early childhood may represent a sensitive period in which parenting behaviors and functioning have large effects on child social–emotional adjustment. However, little is known about how parent ER and parenting are related to child adjustment in high‐risk families. In the context of adversity, parents may struggle to maintain positive parenting behaviors and adaptive self‐regulation strategies which could jeopardize their children's adjustment. The current study investigated parents' own cognitive ER strategies and observed parenting quality in relation to young children's internalizing and externalizing problems among families experiencing homelessness. Participants included 108 primary caregivers and their 4–6‐year‐old children residing in emergency shelters. Using multiple methods, parenting and parent ER were assessed during a shelter stay and teachers subsequently provided ratings of children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties in the classroom. Parenting quality was expected to predict fewer classroom internalizing and externalizing behaviors as well as moderate the association between parent ER strategies and child outcomes. Results suggest that parenting quality buffered the effects of parent maladaptive ER strategies on child internalizing symptoms. The mediating role of parenting quality on that association was also investigated to build on prior empirical work in low‐risk samples. Parenting quality did not show expected mediating effects. Findings suggest that parents experiencing homelessness who use fewer maladaptive cognitive ER strategies and more positive parenting behaviors may protect their children against internalizing problems.