bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Antiulcer Activity, of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) Aqueous Fruits Extract in Wistar Rats
Authors: Uku Uji Pius , Fokunang Tembe Estella , Grace Mbong , Borgia Njinkio Nono , Mogue Ingrid , Bathelemy Ngameni , Nchafor Ndikum Valentine , Fonmboh John Dobgima , Nyuki Andrew Banin , Yves Tabi Omgba , Marcel Nguidjoe Ervrard , Tchaleu Ngadjui Bonaventure , Ntungwen Fokunang Charles 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 80% of the world’s population rely mostly on traditional medicine. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) which results from an imbalance between stomach acid-pepsin and mucosal defense barriers is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the world’s population and represents 33% of gastroenterology consultations in Cameroon. The people in low medium incomecountries depend mostly on medicinal plants for primary healthcare since they can be accessed quickly and are affordable. Such plant is Ficus thonningii Blume, which is found abundantly in Africa and also in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to phytochemically screened the aqueous fruits extract of Ficus thonningii (AEFFt), and investigate their antiulcer activity.
Methods: The aqueous fruits extract was phytochemically screened following standard qualitative methods. Four in vitro tests to characterize antacid properties were carried out. Ulcers were induced using an ethanol and hydrochloric acid (HCl/EtOH) solution. Ulcer preventive (anti-ulcer) activity was investigated in 6 different treatment groups: 2 conventional drugs (Maalox 100 mg/kg, Omeprazole 20 mg/kg), three doses of AEFFt at (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, & 500 mg/Kg), and a vehicle treatment group (administered only the ulcerogenic agent). Histological analysis of the stomachs was carried out.
Results: The phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii showed the presence of flavonoids, mucilages, saponins, gallic tannins, betacyanins, and total polyphenols. Following the in vitro tests, we obtained a value of 7.4mEq for acid neutralization capacity (ANC) for the extract, and a pH of 4.2 for the extract following FDA test. For the in vivo tests, the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii (AEFFt) showed a dose-dependent increase ulcer-preventive (gastroprotective) activity with the three treatment aqueous extracts doses.
Conclusion: The study showed that, the aqueous extract of fruits of Ficus thonningii showed a dose-dependent ulcer-preventive activity that could be accounted for by the presence of bioactive phytochemicals like polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins).
Cognitive reserve and midlife vascular risk: Cognitive and clinical outcomes
Authors: Soldan Anja , Pettigrew Corinne , Zhu Yuxin , Wang Mei‐Cheng , Gottesman Rebecca F. , DeCarli Charles , Albert Marilyn ,   the BIOCARD Research Team
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveExamine whether cognitive reserve moderates the association of 1) vascular risk factors and 2) white matter hyperintensity burden with risk of clinical progression and longitudinal cognitive decline.MethodsBIOCARD Study participants were cognitively normal and primarily middle‐aged (M = 57 years) at baseline and have been followed with annual cognitive and clinical assessments (M = 13 years). Baseline cognitive reserve was indexed with a composite score combining education with reading and vocabulary scores. Baseline vascular risk (N = 229) was assessed with a composite risk score reflecting five vascular risk factors. Baseline white matter hyperintensity load (N = 271) was measured with FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging. Cox regression models assessed risk of progression from normal cognition to onset of clinical symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Longitudinal mixed effects models measured the relationship of these variables to cognitive decline, using a global composite score, and executive function and episodic memory sub‐scores.ResultsBoth vascular risk and white matter hyperintensities were associated with cognitive decline, particularly in executive function. Higher vascular risk, but not white matter hyperintensity burden, was associated with an increased risk of progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment. Higher cognitive reserve was associated with a reduced risk of symptom onset and higher levels of baseline cognition but did not modify the associations between the vascular risk score and white matter hyperintensities with clinical progression or cognitive decline.InterpretationAlthough cognitive reserve has protective effects on clinical and cognitive outcomes, it does not mitigate the negative impact of vascular risk and small vessel cerebrovascular disease on these same outcomes.
Nanomaterial Additives for Fabrication of Stimuli‐Responsive Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Constructs
Authors: Farr Amy Corbin , Hogan Katie J. , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVolumetric muscle loss necessitates novel tissue engineering strategies for skeletal muscle repair, which have traditionally involved cells and extracellular matrix‐mimicking scaffolds and have thus far been unable to successfully restore physiologically relevant function. However, the incorporation of various nanomaterial additives with unique physicochemical properties into scaffolds has recently been explored as a means of fabricating constructs that are responsive to electrical, magnetic, and photothermal stimulation. Herein, several classes of nanomaterials that are used to mediate external stimulation to tissue engineered skeletal muscle are reviewed and the impact of these stimuli‐responsive biomaterials on cell growth and differentiation and in vivo muscle repair is discussed. The degradation kinetics and biocompatibilities of these nanomaterial additives are also briefly examined and their potential for incorporation into clinically translatable skeletal muscle tissue engineering strategies is considered. Overall, these nanomaterial additives have proven efficacious and incorporation in tissue engineering scaffolds has resulted in enhanced functional skeletal muscle regeneration.
Observation of Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect and Exchange Interaction in Topological Insulator/Antiferromagnet Heterostructure
Authors: Pan Lei , Grutter Alexander , Zhang Peng , Che Xiaoyu , Nozaki Tomohiro , Stern Alex , Street Mike , Zhang Bing , Casas Brian , He Qing Lin , Choi Eun Sang , Disseler Steven M. , Gilbert Dustin A. , Yin Gen , Shao Qiming , Deng Peng , Wu Yingying , Liu Xiaoyang , Kou Xufeng , Masashi Sahashi , Han Xiaodong , Binek Christian , Chambers Scott , Xia Jing , Wang Kang L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntegration of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator with a magnetically ordered material provides an additional degree of freedom through which the resulting exotic quantum states can be controlled. Here, an experimental observation is reported of the quantum anomalous Hall effect in a magnetically‐doped topological insulator grown on the antiferromagnetic insulator Cr2O3. The exchange coupling between the two materials is investigated using field‐cooling‐dependent magnetometry and polarized neutron reflectometry. Both techniques reveal strong interfacial interaction between the antiferromagnetic order of the Cr2O3 and the magnetic topological insulator, manifested as an exchange bias when the sample is field‐cooled under an out‐of‐plane magnetic field, and an exchange spring‐like magnetic depth profile when the system is magnetized within the film plane. These results identify antiferromagnetic insulators as suitable candidates for the manipulation of magnetic and topological order in topological insulator films.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Propargylamines: System Development and Theoretical Study
Authors: Neofotistos Stavros P. , Tzouras Nikolaos V. , Pauze Martin , Gómez‐Bengoa Enrique , Vougioukalakis Georgios C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a catalytic system based on the earth‐abundant manganese for the ketone, amine, alkyne (KA2) reaction. The efficiency of manganese manifests at relatively high temperatures, combined with sustainable reaction conditions, and provides a tool for accessing propargylamines from structurally diverse starting materials, including synthetically relevant and bioactive molecules. Our efforts were also aimed at shedding light on the catalytic mode of action of manganese in this transformation, in order to explain its temperature‐related behavior. The use of computational methods reveals mechanistic aspects of this reaction indicating important points regarding the reactivity of both manganese and ketones.magnified image
Emphasis on the Properties of Metal‐Containing Zeolites Operating Outside the Comfort Zone of Current Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Clatworthy Edwin B. , Konnov Stanislav V. , Dubray Florent , Nesterenko Nikolai , Gilson Jean‐Pierre , Mintova Svetlana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of catalysts that can operate under exceptionally harsh and unconventional conditions is of critical importance for the transition of the energy and chemicals industries to low‐emission and renewable chemical feedstocks. In this review we will highlight materials and more specifically metal‐containing zeolite catalysts that have been tested under harsh reaction conditions such as high temperature light alkane conversion and biomass valorization. Particular attention will be given to studies that explore the stability and recyclability of metal‐containing zeolite catalysts operating in continuous modes. Metal‐containing zeolites are considered as an important class of catalysts operating outside the comfort zone of current heterogeneous catalytic reactions in both gas and liquid phase reactions. The relationship between the properties of the metal‐containing zeolite and catalytic performance will be explored.
Strategies to Enable Reversible Magnesium Electrochemistry: From Electrolytes to Artificial Solid–Electrolyte Interphases
Authors: Liang Zhiming , Ban Chunmei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe first prototype of a rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery demonstrated two decades ago sparked tremendous interest in the electrochemical community due to their potential low cost, high volumetric energy density. However, the development of rechargeable Mg batteries has been hampered by the incompatibility between the Mg‐metal anode and conventional carbonate electrolytes. Research has focused on electrolytes that are thermodynamically stable against reduction at the expense of low oxidation potential at the cathode side. Alternatively, the use of an artificial solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) via surface coating presents promising results to address the Mg/electrolyte incompatibility and significantly broaden the selection of electrolytes. This minireview discusses the limitations of electrolyte development and strategies for the design of artificial interphases in magnesium‐ion batteries. Future perspectives in the development of artificial interphases for rechargeable magnesium batteries are also discussed.
CO2‐Folded Single‐Chain Nanoparticles as Recyclable, Improved Carboxylase Mimics
Authors: Zeng Rongjin , Chen Liang , Yan Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmulating the function of natural carboxylases to convert CO2under atmospheric condition is a great challenge. Herein we report a class of CO2‐folded single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) that can function as recyclable, function‐intensified carboxylase mimics. Lewis pair polymers containing bulky Lewis acidic and basic groups as the precursor, can bind CO2to drive an intramolecular folding into SCNPs, in which CO2as the folded nodes can form gas‐bridged bonds. Such bridging linkages highly activate CO2, which endows the SCNPs with extraordinary catalytic ability that can not only catalyze CO2‐insertion of C(sp3)‐H for imitating the natural enzyme's function, it can also act on non‐natural carboxylation pathways for C(sp2and sp)‐H substrates. The nanocatalysts are of highly catalytic efficiency and recyclability, and can work at room temperature and near ambient CO2condition, inspiring a new approach to sustainable C1utilization.
Design Strategies for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn/Organic Batteries
Authors: Tie Zhiwei , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic electroactive compounds are attractive to serve as the cathode materials of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their resource renewability, environmentally friendliness and structural diversity. Up to now, various organic electrode materials have been developed and different redox mechanisms are observed in aqueous Zn/organic battery systems. In this Minireview, we present the recent developments in the energy storage mechanisms and design of the organic electrode materials of aqueous ZIBs, including carbonyl compounds, imine compounds, conductive polymers, nitronyl nitroxides, organosulfur polymers and triphenylamine derivatives. Furthermore, we highlight the design strategies to improve their electrochemical performance in the aspects of specific capacity, output voltage, cycle life and rate capability. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of aqueous Zn/organic batteries.
Further insight for the synthesis of 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Hang , Zhang Shan , Liu Jin , Hao Ju‐Fang , He Bao‐Jiang , Bai Zheng‐Wu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBecause 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose is an important intermediate for many materials, developing a practical pathway to easily prepare it in bulk is of significance. The synthesis of 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose included three reactions. In the chlorination reaction, the crude product could be fully de‐esterified under the improved conditions, and the reaction mechanism was re‐understood. The azido group was reduced with sodium borohydride in which the reaction conditions were studied in detail. With the improved synthetic pathway, 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose could be easily prepared. The 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose was characterized via its benzamide derivative with 1H NMR, 1H‐13C HSQC NMR, and 1H‐1H COSY NMR, confirming the hydroxyl group at C6 of amylose was converted to amino group with a degree of substitution of 98.2%. Additionally, the 6‐amino‐6‐deoxy amylose was analyzed toward iodine reagent and X‐ray diffraction, and the corresponding results showed that it was different from amylose in suprastructure and crystal structure.
Association of Dysregulated Central Pain Processing and Response to Disease–Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Heisler Andrew C. , Song Jing , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Marder Wendy , Bolster Marcy B. , Bingham Clifton O. , Clauw Daniel J. , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Neogi Tuhina , Lee Yvonne C. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the association between dysregulated central pain processing and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsOne hundred eighty‐two participants with active RA were followed up for 12 weeks after starting a disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). To assess central pain processing, participants underwent quantitative sensory testing (QST), including assessment of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at the trapezius muscles, temporal summation, and conditioned pain modulation (CPM). QST measures were categorized as high central dysregulation versus low central dysregulation. The association between baseline central dysregulation and treatment response, as defined by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria, was assessed using multiple logistic regression adjusted for demographic characteristics, RA‐related variables, and psychosocial variables.ResultsA good EULAR response was achieved in fewer participants with high CPM dysregulation than participants with low CPM dysregulation (22.5% versus 40.3%; P = 0.01). A similar trend, though not significant, was noted when central dysregulation was assessed with PPT and temporal summation. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between high central dysregulation and good EULAR response were 0.59 for PPTs (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.28–1.23), 0.60 for temporal summation (95% CI 0.27–1.34), and 0.40 for CPM (95% CI 0.19–0.83). In a model examining the combined effects of dysregulated temporal summation and CPM, dysregulation of both measures was associated with lower odds of achieving a good EULAR response (OR 0.23 [95% CI 0.07–0.73]).ConclusionLow CPM was significantly associated with lower odds of achieving a good EULAR response, suggesting that inefficient descending inhibitory mechanisms may be a potential treatment target for further study.
MicroRNA‐17‐5p Reduces Inflammation and Bone Erosions in Mice With Collagen‐Induced Arthritis and Directly Targets the JAK/STAT Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast‐like Synoviocytes
Authors: Najm Aurélie , Masson François‐Marie , Preuss Pauline , Georges Steven , Ory Benjamin , Quillard Thibaut , Sood Shatakshi , Goodyear Carl S. , Veale Douglas J. , Fearon Ursula , Le Goff Benoit , Blanchard Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveWe undertook this study to examine microRNA (miRNA) expression across rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phenotypes, along with the effects and mechanisms of action of miRNA‐17‐5p (miR‐17).MethodsA miRNA array was performed in synovial tissue biopsied from patients with naive erosive RA (n = 3) and patients with nonerosive RA (n = 3). MicroRNA‐17 lipoplex was delivered intraarticularly in the murine collagen‐induced arthritis model. Clinical, histologic, and structural effects were studied over the course of arthritis. In‐depth studies of the mechanisms of action of miR‐17 were performed in primary RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from synovial tissue.ResultsFifty‐five miRNAs including miR‐17 were reduced in erosive RA. The miR‐17 transfection into arthritic paws reduced the clinical inflammation score between day 2 and day 7 (2.8 versus 1.9; P = 0.03). Synovial B cell, T cell, macrophage, and polynuclear neutrophil infiltration was significantly reduced. Structural damage was also decreased, as shown by a reduction in the number of osteoclasts detected using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining (osteoclast surface/bone surface 32% versus 18%; P = 0.005) and erosion score by computed tomography analysis (2.9 versus 1.7; P = 0.023). Proinflammatory cytokines from the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) family and IL‐1β expression were also significantly reduced, but tumor necrosis factor was not. MicroRNA‐17 directly targeted the 3′‐untranslated regions of STAT3 and JAK1. STAT3 and JAK1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were reduced in RA FLS following miR‐17 transfection. STAT3 and JAK1 mRNA and activation of STAT3, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, were also reduced in injected paws (% stained area 93% versus 62%; P = 0.035).ConclusionWe demonstrate an antiinflammatory and antierosive role of miR‐17 in vivo. This effect involves the suppression of the IL‐6 family autocrine‐amplifying loop through the direct targeting of JAK1 and STAT3.
Continuous simultaneous stabilization of single‐input nonlinear stochastic systems
Authors: Iggidr Abderrahman , Oumoun Mohamed , Souza Max 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the simultaneous stabilization of a collection of continuous single‐input non‐linear stochastic systems, with coefficients that are not necessarily locally Lipschitz. A sufficient condition for the existence of a continuous simultaneously stabilizing feedback control is proposed — it is based on the generalized stochastic Lyapunov theorem and on the technique of stochastic control Lyapunov functions. This condition is also necessary, provided that the system's coefficients satisfy some regularity conditions. Moreover, the proposed feedback can be chosen to be bounded under the assumption that appropriate control Lyapunov functions are known. All the proposed simultaneously stabilizing state feedback controllers are explicitly constructed. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Neurobiological substrates of animal personality and cognition in a nonhuman primate (Microcebus murinus)
Authors: Fritz Rebecca Grace , Zimmermann Elke , Meier Martin , Mestre‐Francés Nadine , Radespiel Ute , Schmidtke Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) is an important nonhuman primate model in biomedical research. Numerous studies investigated mouse lemur behavior and possible factors underlying interindividual variation in both, animal personality and cognitive performance. Some effects, such as an age‐related decline in executive functioning, have robustly been found across laboratory colonies; however, little is known about the brain structural substrates in mouse lemurs.MethodsHere, we provide first exploratory data linking in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of 34 mouse lemurs to performance in a standardized, touchscreen‐based task on object discrimination and reversal learning as well as to animal personality under different scenarios in an open field.ResultsHigh interindividual variability in both brain morphometric and behavioral measurements was found, but only few significant correlations between brain structure and behavior were revealed: Object discrimination learning was linked to the volume of the hippocampus and to temporal lobe thickness, while reversal learning was linked to thalamic volume and the thickness of the anterior cingulate lobe. Emergence latency into the open field correlated with volume of the amygdala. General exploration–avoidance in the empty open‐field arena correlated with thicknesses of the anterior cingulate lobe and fronto‐parietal substructures. Neophilia, assessed as exploration of a novel object placed in the arena, among others, related to the volume of the caudate nucleus.ConclusionIn summary, our data suggest a prominent role of temporal structures (including the hippocampus) for learning capability, as well as thalamic and anterior cingulate structures for cognitive flexibility and response inhibition. The amygdala, the anterior cingulate lobe, and the caudate nucleus are particularly linked to animal personality in the open‐field setting. These findings are congruent with the comparative psychological literature and provide a valuable basis for future studies elucidating aspects of behavioral variation in this nonhuman primate model.