bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of CT imaging on the accuracy of the finite element modelling in bone
Authors: Benca Emir , Amini Morteza , Pahr Dieter H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe finite element (FE) analysis is a highly promising tool to simulate the behaviour of bone. Skeletal FE models in clinical routine rely on the information about the geometry and bone mineral density distribution from quantitative computed tomography (CT) imaging systems. Several parameters in CT imaging have been reported to affect the accuracy of FE models. FE models of bone are exclusively developed in vitro under scanning conditions deviating from the clinical setting, resulting in variability of FE results (< 10%). Slice thickness and field of view had little effect on FE predicted bone behaviour (≤ 4%), while the reconstruction kernels showed to have a larger effect (≤ 20%). Due to large interscanner variations (≤ 20%), the translation from an experimental model into clinical reality is a critical step. Those variations are assumed to be mostly caused by different “black box” reconstruction kernels and the varying frequency of higher density voxels, representing cortical bone. Considering the low number of studies together with the significant effect of CT imaging on the finite element model outcome leading to high variability in the predicted behaviour, we propose further systematic research and validation studies, ideally preceding multicentre and longitudinal studies.
50% versus 70%: is there a difference between these BCL2 cut-offs in immunohistochemistry for diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)?
Authors: Oliveira Cristiano Claudino , Domingues Maria Aparecida Custódio , da Cunha Isabela Werneck , Soares Fernando Augusto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization’s (WHO) update of 2017 defines the cut-off for BCL2 in immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 50% of stained cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The WHO’s 2017 classification, however, has no standardized value. This study analyzes associations between immunohistochemistry results for BCL2 in relation to the detection of translocations ofMYC,BCL2,andBCL6in DLBCL.MethodSixty-seven patients with DLBCL were evaluated using IHC, with CD20, CD10, BCL6, BCL2, MUM1, TDT and MYC, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for translocations involving theBCL2,BCL6,andMYC. Two cut-offs for BCL2 in IHC were used (50 and 70%), with the calculation of sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy and concordance test, with a significance level of 5%.ResultsUsing a 70% cut-off, there is a good relationship between S (88.9%, IC95% = 68.4–109.4) and E (67.2, 95% CI = 55.2–79.3), with a high NPV (97.5, 95% CI = 92.7–102.3) and statistically significant agreement (K = 0.30,p = 0.02). Using a 50% cut-off, S and NPV increase to 100%, with a specificity of 39.7% (95% CI = 27.1–52.2) and a statistically significant concordance (K = 0.15,p = 0.017).ConclusionReduction in the percentage of immunostaining increases the detection of DLBCL with a “double-expressor” immunophenotype. The lower criterion amplifies the S and the NPV of IHC to detect translocations involving the BCL2 gene, with an impact on the diagnosis of DLBCL “double expressor”, an unfavorable prognostic group.
Chronic low back pain and sick-leave: a functional magnetic resonance study
Authors: Feitosa Aloma A. , Amaro Junior Edson , Sanches Liana Guerra , Borba Eduardo Ferreira , Jorge Liliana Lourenço , Halpern Ari Stiel Radu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) represents a problem in the occupational environment, often associated with disability, sick-leave demands, loss of productivity, anxiety, depression and high socioeconomic cost. The emergence of functional neuroimaging allowed new insights into brain structure and physiology in normality and chronic pain. While occupational related aspects are recognized as important risk factors for chronicity there have not been thus far evaluated by fMRI experiments. The overall objective of this study is to compare the neuronal correlates between groups of individuals CLBP with or without sick-leave demands.

Methods
A total of 74 individuals were divided into three groups: chronic low back pain with sick-leave demands [CLBP_L]; chronic low back pain without sick-leave demands [CLBP_NL]; individuals without pain or sick-leave demands [Control]. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess brain function during moderate acute pain stimulation task (thumb controlled pressure).

Results
After acute painful stimulation, a higher brain response was found in the anterior cingulate and superior and medium frontal gyrus was observed in CLBP_NL vs. CLBP_L (p <  0,001) and increased brain response in the frontal pole and paracingulate region in control vs. CLBP_L (p <  0.001) during acute pain stimulation.

Conclusion
The modulation of acute pain participates in the mechanism propagating chronic pain perception. The lower activation in the superior frontal gyrus observed in the CLBP_L group compared to CLBP_NL, reinforces the idea of an already existing activation in this area.
Increased Burden of Rare Sequence Variants in GnRH-Associated Genes in Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Authors: Delaney Angela , Burkholder Adam B , Lavender Christopher A , Plummer Lacey , Mericq Veronica , Merino Paulina M , Quinton Richard , Lewis Katie L , Meader Brooke N , Albano Alessandro , Shaw Natalie D , Welt Corrine K , Martin Kathryn A , Seminara Stephanie B , Biesecker Leslie G , Bailey-Wilson Joan E , Hall Janet E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is a common, acquired form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism that occurs in the setting of energy deficits and/or stress. Variability in individual susceptibility to these stressors, HA heritability, and previous identification of several rare sequence variants (RSVs) in genes associated with the rare disorder, isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), in individuals with HA suggest a possible genetic contribution to HA susceptibility.

Objective
We sought to determine whether the burden of RSVs in IHH-related genes is greater in women with HA than controls.

Design
We compared patients with HA to control women.

Setting
The study was conducted at secondary referral centers.

Patients and Other Participants
Women with HA (n = 106) and control women (ClinSeq study; n = 468).

Interventions
We performed exome sequencing in all patients and controls.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The frequency of RSVs in 53 IHH-associated genes was determined using rare variant burden and association tests.

Results
RSVs were overrepresented in women with HA compared with controls (P = .007). Seventy-eight heterozygous RSVs in 33 genes were identified in 58 women with HA (36.8% of alleles) compared to 255 RSVs in 41 genes among 200 control women (27.2%).

Conclusions
Women with HA are enriched for RSVs in genes that cause IHH, suggesting that variation in genes associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal ontogeny and function may be a major determinant of individual susceptibility to developing HA in the face of diet, exercise, and/or stress.
First Trimester DEX Treatment Is Not Associated with Altered Brain Activity During Working Memory Performance in Adults
Authors: van’t Westeinde Annelies , Zimmermann Marius , Messina Valeria , Karlsson Leif , Padilla Nelly , Lajic Svetlana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) treatment is sometimes used in pregnancies at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) to prevent virilization in female fetuses with CAH. In boys and in fetuses not having CAH, there is no benefit of early DEX treatment and the risks of this therapy must be thoroughly investigated. High doses of prenatal glucocorticoid might alter the developmental trajectory of the brain into adulthood, even for CAH unaffected subjects treated with DEX for a short term during the first trimester.

Objective
The present study investigated brain activation during working memory performance in DEX-treated subjects compared with controls.

Design, Setting, and Participants
We tested 18 participants who were exposed to DEX during the first trimester of fetal life but did not have CAH (8 females; mean age 20.78 [standard deviation (SD), 2.67] years) and 40 control participants (24 females; mean age 20.53 [SD, 2.64]) from a single research institute. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging on a 3T scanner during a verbal and visuospatial working memory task.

Results
We did not observe any differences in brain activity during working memory performance. However, DEX-treated subjects responded faster during the experimental condition of the verbal WM task.

Conclusions
First trimester DEX treatment did not seem to result in altered working memory–related brain activity at adult age. Our findings contribute to the risk–benefit assessment of prenatal DEX treatment in the context of CAH.
Race, Ancestry, and Vitamin D Metabolism: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hsu Simon , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Gupta Deepak K , Gutierrez Orlando M , Peralta Carmen A , Shea Steven , Allen Norrina B , Burke Gregory , Michos Erin D , Ix Joachim H , Siscovick David , Psaty Bruce M , Watson Karol E , Kestenbaum Bryan , de Boer Ian H , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
A comprehensive characterization of racial/ethnic variations in vitamin D metabolism markers may improve our understanding of differences in bone and mineral homeostasis and the risk of vitamin D–related diseases.

Objective
Describe racial/ethnic differences in vitamin D metabolism markers and their associations with genetic ancestry.

Design, Setting, Participants
In a cross-sectional study within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we compared a comprehensive panel of vitamin D metabolism markers across self-reported racial/ethnic groups of Black (N = 1759), White (N = 2507), Chinese (N = 788), and Hispanic (N = 1411). We evaluated associations of proportion African and European ancestry with this panel of markers in Black and Hispanic participants using ancestry informative markers. Latent class analysis evaluated associations between patterns of vitamin D measurements with race/ethnicity.

Results
Compared with Black participants, White participants had significantly higher serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fibroblast growth factor-23; lower concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; circulating vitamin D metabolite ratios suggesting lower CYP27B1 and higher CYP24A1 activity; higher urinary concentrations of calcium and phosphorus with higher urinary fractional excretion of phosphorus; and differences in vitamin D binding globulin haplotypes. Higher percent European ancestry was associated with higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lower parathyroid hormone concentrations among Black and Hispanic participants. Latent classes defined by vitamin D measurements reflected these patterns and differed significantly by race/ethnicity and ancestry.

Conclusions
Markers of vitamin D metabolism vary significantly by race/ethnicity, may serve to maintain bone and mineral homeostasis across ranges of 25-hydroxyvitamin D production, and be attributable, at least partly, to genetic ancestry.
Vacuolar escape of foodborne bacterial pathogens
Authors: Bianchi Frans , van den Bogaart Geert 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe intracellular pathogensListeria monocytogenes,Salmonella enterica,Shigellaspp. andStaphylococcus aureusare major causes of foodborne illnesses. Following the ingestion of contaminated food or beverages, pathogens can invade epithelial cells, immune cells and other cell types. Pathogens survive and proliferate intracellularly via two main strategies. First, the pathogens can remain in membrane-bound vacuoles and tailor organellar trafficking to evade host-cell defenses and gain access to nutrients. Second, pathogens can rupture the vacuolar membrane and proliferate within the nutrient-rich cytosol of the host cell. Although this virulence strategy of vacuolar escape is well known forL. monocytogenesandShigellaspp., it has recently become clear thatS. aureusandSalmonellaspp. also gain access to the cytosol, and that this is important for their survival and growth. In this Review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of how these intracellular pathogens rupture the vacuolar membrane by secreting a combination of proteins that lyse the membranes or that remodel the lipids of the vacuolar membrane, such as phospholipases. In addition, we also propose that oxidation of the vacuolar membrane also contributes to cytosolic pathogen escape. Understanding these escape mechanisms could aid in the identification of new therapeutic approaches to combat foodborne pathogens.
Recommendations and Alerting for Delirium Alleviation in Real-Time (RADAR): Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vlisides Phillip E. , Ragheb Jacqueline W. , Leis Aleda , Schoettinger Amanda , Hickey Kim , McKinney Amy , Brooks Joseph , Zierau Mackenzie , Norcott Alexandra , Yang Shirley , Avidan Michael S. , Min Lillian 
Published: September 2020

Background: Delirium is a common and serious complication of major surgery for older adults. Postoperative social and behavioral support (e.g., early mobilization, mealtime assistance) may reduce the incidence and impact of delirium, and these efforts are possible with proactive patient-care programs. This pilot trial tests the hypothesis that a multicomponent decision support system, which sends automated alerts and recommendations to patient-care programs and family members for high-risk patients, will improve the postoperative environment for neurocognitive and clinical recovery. Methods: This will be a randomized, controlled, factorial pilot trial at a large academic medical center. High-risk, non-cardiac surgery patients (≥70 years old) will be recruited. Patients will be allocated to a usual care group (n=15), Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP)-based paging system (n=15), family-based paging system (n=15), or combined HELP- and family-based system (n=15). The primary outcome will be the presence of delirium, defined by positive long-form Confusion Assessment Method screening. Secondary outcomes will include additional HELP- and family-based performance metrics along with various neurocognitive and clinical recovery measures. Exploratory outcomes include the incidence of positive family-based delirium assessments post-discharge, 36-item Short Form Survey, PROMIS Cognitive Function Abilities Subset 4a, and 30-day readmission rates. Ethics and dissemination: This trial has received approval by the University of Michigan Medical Institutional Review Board (IRBMED). Dissemination plans include presentation at scientific conferences, publication in medical journals, and distribution via educational and news media. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04007523, registered on 7/3/2019.
The effects of storytelling in the promotion of physical activity for chronically ill patients: an integrative review
Authors: Byrne Charlotte , Soundy Andy 
Published: September 2020

Background/AimsPhysical activity is regarded as an essential component of self-management for people with chronic illness. Storytelling is an approach that successfully uses a group environment to influence change in physical activity intentions and behaviours. The aim of this study was to develop an understanding of what a storytelling intervention entails, its main effects and how this leads to the promotion of physical activity in chronically ill patients.MethodsAn integrative review was undertaken in three stages: search, appraisal and synthesis. Studies were included if they represented participants with a chronic illness, used a storytelling approach for the intervention and had physical activity as a component of the intervention.ResultsA total of 14 articles were identified that included a total of 818 participants (191 male, 348 female, 279 unknown). No articles were identified as flawed and all were included in the synthesis. Four themes were identified: ideal processes within interventions; psychosocial factors that influenced storytelling; perceived outcomes relating to storytelling; and perceived benefits of physical activity.ConclusionsThis review develops a deeper understanding of the required processes, associated factors and outcomes of storytelling interventions for people with chronic illness. It provides evidence of how storytelling can be used to promote physical activity. Further research into storytelling interventions is required.
<p><strong>New species of termite <em>Pseudocapritermes kunjepu </em>Mathew sp. nov. (Blattodea: Termitidae: Termitinae) from India</strong></p>
Authors: IPE CHINNU , AMINA POOVOLI , JOSEPH EDWIN , VIJAYAN SAJITHMON , MATHEW JOBIN 
Published: September 2020

The genus Pseudocapritermes Kemner, 1934, endemic to Oriental region is represented by 18 species. A new species, Pseudocapritermes kunjepu Mathew sp. nov. (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae), is described from Kerala, India, based on the characters of soldiers and workers. Morphological measurements of the soldiers and workers are given with suitable illustrations. A revised key to the species of Pseudocapritermes (based on soldier caste) found in India along with the species distribution map are also provided. Key words: Isoptera, new species, Pseudocapritermes, Termitidae
The importance of plasmin for the healing of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Bakirci Ezgi , Tschan Karin , May Rahel D. , Ahmad Sufian S. , Kleer Barbara , Gantenbein Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

Aims The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is known to have a poor wound healing capacity, whereas other ligaments outside of the knee joint capsule such as the medial collateral ligament (MCL) apparently heal more easily. Plasmin has been identified as a major component in the synovial fluid that varies among patients. The aim of this study was to test whether plasmin, a component of synovial fluid, could be a main factor responsible for the poor wound healing capacity of the ACL. Methods The effects of increasing concentrations of plasmin (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 µg/ml) onto the wound closing speed (WCS) of primary ACL-derived ligamentocytes (ACL-LCs) were tested using wound scratch assay and time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy. Additionally, relative expression changes (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) of major LC-relevant genes and catabolic genes were investigated. The positive controls were 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Results WCS did not differ significantly among no plasmin versus each of the tested concentrations (six donors). The positive controls with PDGF and with FCS differed significantly from the negative controls. However, we found a trend demonstrating that higher plasmin concentrations up-regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 ( MMP13), 3 ( MMP3), and tenomodulin ( TNMD). Conclusion The clinical relevance of this study is the possibility that it is not solely the plasmin, but also additional factors in the synovial fluid of the knee, that may be responsible for the poor healing capacity of the ACL. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):543–553.
Transition to Postgraduate Study at Master’s Level Lessons Learned: Lessons Learned from Students’ Evaluations of an Online Induction Resource
Authors: Robb Lindsey , Moffat Sheena 
Published: September 2020

Evidence from UK universities’ Postgraduate Taught Experience Survey (PTES) concluded that whilst confident and experienced in their area of practice, some find the prospect of returning to study in an on-line environment and making the transition to Master’s Level daunting. In recognition of this, a small group created an online resource ‘Preparation for study at Master’s Level’ which students have access to as part of the induction process for the taught postgraduate programme, MSc in Advanced Practice in the School of Health and Social Care at Edinburgh Napier University.
This paper reports on findings of an evaluation of the on-line induction resource using NOVI survey to explore student’s views. 73% of respondents (n=25) felt that the online resource was helpful in increasing confidence about online learning and studying at Master’s level. Qualitative comments reflect other research signifying the importance of social interaction and ongoing support to co-create understanding and development of skills. The lessons learned from students’ lived experience informed amendments to programme online and face to face content and had an impact on the programme team by rekindling a programme focus.
Though particular to one programme within one university, the findings mirror themes highlighted elsewhere; that transition to Master’s level is complex, involving change and exploration of identity, anxiety about what Master’s level entails, all of which make for an emotionally challenging experience. Others who support postgraduate students studying at Master’s level, can learn from this experience.
Difference in Defecation Desire Between Patients With and Without Chronic Constipation: A Large-Scale Internet Survey
Authors: Ohkubo Hidenori , Takatsu Tomohiro , Yoshihara Tsutomu , Misawa Noboru , Ashikari Keiichi , Fuyuki Akiko , Matsuura Tetsuya , Higurashi Takuma , Yamamoto Kouji , Matsumoto Heido , Odaka Takeo , Lembo Anthony J. , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:Defecation desire (DD) is an important physiological component of normal defecation. However, knowledge of DD in the general population and in individuals with chronic constipation (CC) is lacking. We aimed to assess the prevalence of DD in the general population and individuals with CC and to understand the impact of treatment on DD among individuals with CC.METHODS:We conducted an online questionnaire survey targeting the Japanese general population in 2019. DD was reported as never, rarely, usually, or always. Individuals who self-reported constipation and met the Rome IV criteria for functional constipation but did not for irritable bowel syndrome were included in the CC group, while the same number of age-/sex-matched controls who met neither functional constipation nor irritable bowel syndrome criteria was included in the non-CC group. Individuals who reported DD as rarely or never were defined as having loss of DD (LODD).RESULTS:Of the 20,986 participants, 2,587 were included in the CC group (12.3%). LODD was significantly higher in the CC individuals than in the non-CC controls (57.4% vs 8.3%, respectively,P< 0.001, odds ratio 14.84 [95% confidence interval 12.65–17.42]). Satisfaction with treatment for constipation was lower in individuals with persistent LODD (25.9%) compared with those with improved LODD (56.5%) on treatment (P< 0.001, odds ratio 2.48 [1.39–4.43]).DISCUSSION:LODD is common in CC and is associated with decreased satisfaction to treatment. Greater attention should be paid to DD when treating patients with CC.