bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turning photonic band gap of one-dimensional photonic crystals on and off
Authors: Tan Haiyun , Zhou Mingjie , Zhuge Lanjian , Wu Xuemei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of alternating layers of a sandwich structure and air is proposed to obtain a photonic band gap (PBG) that can be completely closed or opened. Through theoretical calculation and numerical simulation, we prove that the mechanism of controlling the gap is closely related to the impedance of the sandwich structure. Simply put, if the frequency at the middle of a gap makes the effective impedance of the sandwich be equal to 1, this gap will close. By introducing plasma into the sandwich, we can turn the PBG on or off conveniently. These studies pave the way for realizing tunable microwave application, such as optical signal switches.
Optomechanical atomic force microscope
Authors: He Fei , Liu Jian , Zhu Ka-Di 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the scanning probe microscope system, the weak signal detection of cantilever vibration is one of the important factors affecting the sensor sensitivity. In our current work, we present a novel design concept for an atomic force microscope (AFM) combined with optomechanics with an ultra-high quality factor and a low thermal noise. The detection system consists of a fixed mirror placed on the cantilever of the AFM and pump-probe beams that is equivalent to a Fabry–Perot cavity. We realize that the AFM combined with an optical cavity can achieve ultra-sensitive detection of force gradients of 10−12 N m−1 in the case of high-vacuum and low effective temperature of 1 mK, which may open up new avenues for super-high resolution imaging and super-high precision force spectroscopy.
A continuum magneto-mechanical model for magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Akbari E , Khajehsaeid H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) consist of micron-sized magnetizable particles embedded in a rubber matrix. Properties of these magneto-sensitive materials are changed reversibly upon application of external magnetic fields. They exhibit highly non-linear magneto-mechanical response which allows developing new devices and applications. However, the coupled magneto-mechanical behavior makes mathematical modeling of MREs quite complicated. So development of a reliable constitutive framework is essential for further understanding of this coupled behavior as well as simulation of the systems that utilize MREs. In this paper, a finite strain continuum model is developed for MREs where the effect of magnetization on material stiffness is directly introduced in the material shear modulus. It is shown that this approach simplifies the constitutive models and also perceives the magnetic saturation of MREs. Moreover, the coupled effects of magnetization, deformation and particle-chains orientation on the mechanical response are also taken into account in the introduced parameter. This reduces the number of material parameters, the required experimental tests for parameters identification and also simplifies the mathematical formulation of the developed constitutive equations which is beneficial for numerical formulations. A systematic two-step method is then introduced for material parameters identification which assures uniqueness of the parameters set. The predictive capabilities of the proposed model are examined via available mechanical and magneto-mechanical experimental data on both isotropic and anisotropic MRE samples at different configurations of magnetic field and loading with respect to the preferred direction of the samples. It is shown that the model can well predict the magneto-mechanical response of MREs at different deformation modes and magnetic fields.
Disorder-immune metasurfaces with constituents exhibiting the anapole mode
Authors: Song Hao , Wang Neng , Yu Kuai , Pei Jihong , Wang Guo Ping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Common optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional functional devices composed of periodically arranged subwavelength constituents. Here, we achieved the positional-disorder-immune metasurfaces composed of core–shell cylinders which successively exhibit the magnetic dipole (MD) resonant, non-radiating anapole, and electric dipole (ED) resonant modes when their outer radii are fixed and the inner radii change continuously in a range. The performances of the metasurfaces under a periodically structural design are not degraded even when the positions of the cylinders are subjected to random and considerable displacements. The positional-disorder-immunity is due to the weak non-local effect of the metasurfaces. Because the multiple scattering among cylinders is weak and insensitive to the spacing among the cylinders around the ED and MD resonant modes and vanishing irrespective of the spacing at the non-radiating anapole mode, the reflection properties including the reflection phase and reflectivity of the metasurfaces are insensitive to the spacing between neighboring cylinders for this entire variation range of the inner radius. Our findings can have important implications in understanding the underlying mechanism of the positional-disorder-immunity and provide a unique approach to achieve metasurfaces with various performances robust against large positional disorders. We expect the present work to open a door for the various applications of the metasurfaces in some harsh and unstable environments.
Analytical analysis of the price of energy in the market through dipheomorphic attractors
Authors: Ramírez C A , Holguin M , Rivas-Trujillo E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The following document presents the modeling and qualitative analysis of an electric power system with which it is intended to use Takens’ theorem to show its effectiveness or inefficiency when predicting attractors. Knowing an initial state will show the procedure to know a state of the system even when all the variables that interact in the system are not known analytically; results obtained will also show two of the corresponding simulations in Matlab-software. The dipheomorphic attractor methodology allows us to advance much beyond the analytical techniques since no matter how exact the equation that models the system is, it is not the real one, the only real thing we have is the data periodically delivered by the system. in which case they will be the input data to build the attractor that allows obtaining information from the system.
Sine-cosine algorithm for parameters’ estimation in solar cells using datasheet information
Authors: Montoya O D , Gil-González W , Grisales-Noreña L F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the problem of optimal calculation of electrical parameters in solar cells using three well-known operative points provided by manufacturers considering a single-diode model. These are open circuit, short circuit, and maximum power point; with these points is formulated a nonlinear non-convex optimization problem that deals with the minimization of mean square errors associated with variables evaluated at these points, i.e., open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, and current in the maximum power point, respectively. A sine-cosine algorithm is addressed in this research to solve the resulting optimization problem. Numerical results provided by the sine-cosine algorithm show objective functions lower than 1 × 10−12, which confirms the efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach. All the numerical validations are conducted via MATLAB software.
Engineering education in the development of physical thinking
Authors: Díaz Arenas D , Gallardo Pérez H J , Rojas Suárez J P 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present research project seeks to identify an application of didactic engineering in the teaching and learning processes of mathematics and physics through a pedagogical strategy in a group of 24 ninth grade students from a public educational institution located in the municipality of Tibú, Norte de Santander, Colombia, in order to determine the degree of appropriation of the concepts associated with mathematical physical thinking. Three didactic sequences were designed and applied, based on the theories of didactic situations and semiotic representations, to later determine their effect on the learning process, which showed better results in the communication competence, but the reasoning and problem-solving competences still show difficulties in the students. Therefore, it is concluded that the work in the classroom should be strengthened with the implementation of didactic sequences with clear objectives and that enhance these two processes of mathematics and physics.
Effects of root chord movement on thrust generation of oscillatory pectoral fins
Authors: Arastehfar Soheil , Chew Chee-Meng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fin kinematics is the key to thrust generation of oscillatory pectoral fins of manta rays. This could be one of the main reasons that fin designs of robotic manta rays are becoming more complex to simulate the fin kinematics more closely so as to generate high thrusts. However, as the trend suggests, the extent of improvement to thrust generation might not be worth the complexities added to the designs. Out-of-the-box design changes that favour the simplicity and yet improve the fin performance can be a sound replicate for the complicated fin design features. One aspect of manta rays’ pectoral fins that influences the fin kinematics is the constraint imposed on the movement of their particularly long root chord that is entirely attached to the body of manta rays. Hypothetically, reducing such a constraint can promote the angle-of-attack during flapping, which can improve thrust generation. This paper aims to study if the simple idea of disengagement of the fin root chord from the body, which is obviously a deviation from the nature, can improve thrust generation. An experiment was conducted on thrust generation of four basic fin designs, where different portions of their chord was disengaged from the body step-by-step. The disengagement occurred for each quarter of the chord, starting from the trailing edge towards the leading edge. It was found that the fins with free root chord (minimal attachment to the body) could generate thrust slightly less than the fully constrained fins (full attachment). In addition, it was shown that thrust generation efficiency kept increasing while disengaging the chord further, and reached the maximum for free root chord. This may show that a powerful and yet more efficient fin can be produced with such a deviation from the nature.
Effects of the South Asian summer monsoon anomaly on interannual variations in precipitation over the South-Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Yanxin , Sang Yan-Fang , Chen Deliang , Sivakumar Bellie , Li Donghuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An anomalous South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) system could generate a large anomaly in precipitation and hydrological disasters in the SASM-prevailing area, as widely reported for the Indian Peninsula. However, how the SASM system influences the precipitation anomaly over the South-Central Tibetan Plateau (SCTP) is largely unknown. In this study, we (a) analyze the influences of the early and late onset (demise) of the SASM on the interannual variations in precipitation over the SCTP during 1979–2015; and (b) illuminate the underlying mechanisms and asymmetric effects with regard to the onset and demise of the SASM by analyzing the characteristics of water vapor transport and moisture budgets in this region. Results indicate that the precipitation anomaly over the SCTP is dominated by the cyclonic and anticyclonic water vapor transport associated with the anomalous SASM activities, causing moisture convergence and divergence in this region. The topographic effect in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) and southwestern Tibetan Plateau (SWTP) further strengthens the anomaly in water vapor transport in vertical direction and contributes to the precipitation anomaly through moisture convergence and divergence. The anomalous SASM and topography exhibit asymmetric effects between the onset and demise as well as between the early and late onset (demise) of the SASM. They cause 23.41%, 15.91%, and 1.96% difference in precipitation between the early and late SASM-onset years, and 13.05%, 21.50%, and 29.86% difference in precipitation between the early and late SASM-demise years in the SETP, central Tibetan Plateau (CETP), and SWTP, by regulating the horizontal and vertical thermodynamic and dynamic processes. The results help improve our understanding of the SASM-precipitation relationship over the SCTP and guide the prediction of precipitation and alleviation of water-related disasters in the region and its surroundings that are home to billions of people in Asia.
Global marine heatwave events using the new CMIP6 multi-model ensemble: from shortcomings in present climate to future projections
Authors: Plecha Sandra M , Soares Pedro M M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, research related to the occurrence of marine heatwave (MHW) events worldwide has been increasing, reporting severe impacts on marine ecosystems which led to losses of marine biodiversity or changes in world fisheries. Many of these studies, based on regional and global coupled models, show relevant biases in the MHW properties when compared with observations. In this study, the MHW frequency of occurrence, the duration and mean intensity over the global oceans are characterized, taking advantage of the new global climate model (GCM) dataset, from the Coupled Model Project Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6). The MHWs result for the historical period are compared with observations, and the future projected changes are characterized under three socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) (SSP1, SSP2 and SSP5), for the middle and end of century (2041–2070 and 2071–2100). The results show a reasonable agreement between the modeled and observed MHW property trends, indicating increases in the frequency, duration and intensity of MHWs along the historical period. For the period 1982–2014, both the ∼2 mean observed events per year and the mean intensity of 0.35 °C above the threshold are underestimated by the multi-model ensemble (MME) mean by 21% and 31%, respectively, while the observed duration of ∼12 d are overestimated by 100%. The future MHWs are expected to increase in duration and intensity, where a near permanent MHW occurs with reference to the historical climate conditions, mainly by the end of the 21st century. The future MHWs intensity, projected by the MME mean, increases in the range of 0.2 °C to 1.5 °C, from the least to the most severe pathways. The GCMs biases obtained with CMIP6 revealed to be in line with the CMIP5 biases, reinforcing the need to use high spatial resolution models to characterize MHW.
Linear gyrokinetic simulations of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes and ion temperature gradient modes in DIII-D tokamak
Authors: WANG Hongyu , LIU Pengfei , LIN Zhihong , ZHANG Wenlu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Global linear gyrokinetic simulations using realistic DIII-D tokamak geometry and plasma profiles find co-existence of unstable reversed shear Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAE) with low toroidal mode number n and electromagnetic ion temperature gradient (ITG) instabilities with higher toroidal mode number n. For intermediate n = [10, 12], RSAE and ITG co-exist and overlap weakly in the radial domain with similar growth rates but different real frequencies. Both RSAE and ITG growth rates decrease less than 5% when compressible magnetic perturbations are neglected in the simulations. The ITG growth rates increase less than 7% when fast ions are not included in the simulations. Finally, the effects of trapped electrons on the RSAE are negligible.
Optical clocks based on molecular vibrations as probes of variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio
Authors: Hanneke David , Kuzhan Boran , Lunstad Annika 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Some new physics models of quantum gravity or dark matter predict drifts or oscillations of the fundamental constants. A relatively simple model relates molecular vibrations to the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ. Many vibrational transitions are at optical frequencies with prospects for use as highly accurate optical clocks. We give a brief summary of new physics models that lead to changes in μ and the current limits on drifts and oscillation amplitudes. After an overview of laboratory procedures, we give examples of molecules with experiments currently in development or underway. These experiments’ projected systematic and statistical uncertainties make them leading candidates in next-generation searches for time-variation of μ.
Inorganic nanomaterials for fighting surface and airborne pathogens and viruses
Authors: Shah Kwok Wei , Huseien Ghasan Fahim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNowadays, the deadly viruses (including the latest coronavirus) and pathogens transmission became the major concern worldwide. Efforts have been made to combat with these fatal germs transmitted by the airborne, human-to-human contacts and contaminated surfaces. Thus, the antibacterial and antiviral materials have been widely researched. Meanwhile, the development of diverse nanomaterials with the antiviral traits provided several benefits to counter the threats from the surface and airborne viruses especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on these facts, this paper overviewed the advantages of various nanomaterials that can disinfect and deactivate different lethal viruses transmitted through the air and surfaces. The past development, recent progress, future trends, environmental impacts, biocidal effects and prospects of these nanomaterials for the antiviral coating applications have been emphasized.
Professional Practices, Beliefs, and Incomes of Postdoctoral Trainees: The AACN, NAN, SCN 2020 Practice and ‘Salary Survey’
Authors: Sweet Jerry J , Klipfel Kristen M , Nelson Nathaniel W , Moberg Paul J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Within a portion of the 2020 professional practice and “salary survey,” to update key information regarding neuropsychology postdoctoral trainees.

Methods
Postdoctoral trainees were contacted via a variety of membership listings, including the listserv used by the program directors of the Association of Postdoctoral Programs in Clinical Neuropsychology (APPCN). Invitations sent in multiple waves to members of numerous neuropsychological organizations via e-messages and physical postcards included the request that postdoctoral trainees participate. The survey website was opened on January 17, 2020 and closed on April 2, 2020, during which time a total of 178 postdoctoral trainees in the USA and 3 in Canada participated.

Results
Response rate was estimated to be 56.4%, which adequately represents the target sample. The modal postdoctoral trainee is a woman whose internship was American Psychological Association (APA)-accredited and whose postdoctoral training is in an APPCN program that adheres to Houston Conference training guidelines. Extensive clinical experiences in neuropsychology in the form of externship practica and during internship were reported by the majority of trainees prior to postdoctoral training. There are few differences between APPCN and non-APPCN trainees and reported training experiences. Job satisfaction is high. Salaries appear to have increased substantially in recent years. There is universal interest in pursuing board certification. Support for the empirical foundations justifying assessment of response validity is high.

Conclusions
Surveys of postdoctoral trainees continue to provide valuable perspectives regarding training background, clinical experiences, practice beliefs, and incomes of individuals who will soon launch their careers in clinical neuropsychology.
Understanding the unimodal distributions of cancer occurrence rates: it takes two factors for a cancer to occur
Authors: Qiu Shuang , An Zheng , Tan Renbo , He Ping-an , Jing Jingjing , Li Hongxia , Wu Shuang , Xu Ying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Data from the SEER reports reveal that the occurrence rate of a cancer type generally follows a unimodal distribution over age, peaking at an age that is cancer-type specific and ranges from 30+ through 70+. Previous studies attribute such bell-shaped distributions to the reduced proliferative potential in senior years but fail to explain why some cancers have their occurrence peak at 30+ or 40+. We present a computational model to offer a new explanation to such distributions. The model uses two factors to explain the observed age-dependent cancer occurrence rates: cancer risk of an organ and the availability level of the growth signals in circulation needed by a cancer type, with the former increasing and the latter decreasing with age. Regression analyses were conducted of known occurrence rates against such factors for triple negative breast cancer, testicular cancer and cervical cancer; and all achieved highly tight fitting results, which were also consistent with clinical, gene-expression and cancer-drug data. These reveal a fundamentally important relationship: while cancer is driven by endogenous stressors, it requires sufficient levels of exogenous growth signals to happen, hence suggesting the realistic possibility for treating cancer via cleaning out the growth signals in circulation needed by a cancer.
HDAC1–Smad3–mSin3A complex is required for Smad3-induced transcriptional inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor receptor in human lung cancers
Authors: Gui Hao-Xin , Peng Jun , Yang Ze-Ping , Chen Lu-Yao , Zeng Hong , Shao Yu-Ting , Mu Xi , Hao Qian , Yang Yang , An Su , Guo Xiao-Xi , Xu Tian-Rui , Liu Ying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
c-Met hyperactivity has been observed in numerous neoplasms. Several researchers have shown that the abnormal activation of c-Met is mainly caused by transcriptional activation. However, the molecular mechanism behind this transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Here, we suggest that Smad3 negatively regulates the expression and activation of c-Met via a transcriptional mechanism. We explore the molecular mechanisms that underlie Smad3-induced c-Met transcription inhibition. We found in contrast to the high expression of c-Met, Smad3 showed low protein and mRNA levels. Smad3 and c-Met expressions were inconsistent between lung cancer tissues and cell lines. We also found that Smad3 overexpression suppresses whereas Smad3 knockdown significantly promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and production of the angiogenic factors VEGF, CTGF and COX-2 through the ERK1/2 pathway. In addition, Smad3 overexpression decreases whereas Smad3 knockdown significantly increases protein and mRNA levels of invasion-related β-catenin and FAK through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, using the chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis method, we demonstrate that a transcriptional regulatory complex consisting of HDAC1, Smad3 and mSin3A binds to the promoter of the c-Met gene. By either silencing endogenous mSin3A expression with siRNA or by pretreating cells with a specific HDAC1 inhibitor (MS-275), Smad3-induced transcriptional suppression of c-Met could be effectively attenuated. These results demonstrate that Smad3-induced inhibition of c-Met transcription depends on of a functional transcriptional regulatory complex that includes Smad3, mSin3A and HDAC1 at the c-Met promoter. Collectively, our findings reveal a new regulatory mechanism of c-Met signaling, and suggest a potential molecular target for the development of anticancer drugs.