bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro reconstitution and characterization of pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase hybrid complex from Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Kinugawa Hirokazu , Kondo Naoko , Komine‐Abe Ayano , Tomita Takeo , Nishiyama Makoto , Kosono Saori 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (ODH) are critical enzymes in central carbon metabolism. In Corynebacterium glutamicum, an unusual hybrid complex consisting of CgE1p (thiamine diphosphate‐dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase, AceE), CgE2 (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, AceF), CgE3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, Lpd), and CgE1o (thiamine diphosphate‐dependent 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, OdhA) has been suggested. Here, we elucidated that the PDH‐ODH hybrid complex in C. glutamicum probably consists of six copies of CgE2 in its core, which is rather compact compared with PDH and ODH in other microorganisms that have twenty‐four copies of E2. We found that CgE2 formed a stable complex with CgE3 (CgE2‐E3 subcomplex) in vitro, hypothetically comprised of two CgE2 trimers and four CgE3 dimers. We also found that CgE1o exists mainly as a hexamer in solution and is ready to form an active ODH complex when mixed with the CgE2‐E3 subcomplex. Our in vitro reconstituted system showed CgE1p‐ and CgE1o‐dependent inhibition of ODH and PDH, respectively, actively supporting the formation of the hybrid complex, in which both CgE1p and CgE1o associate with a single CgE2‐E3. In gel filtration chromatography, all the subunits of CgODH were eluted in the same fraction, whereas CgE1p was eluted separately from CgE2‐E3, suggesting a weak association of CgE1p with CgE2 compared with that of CgE1o. This study revealed the unique molecular architecture of the hybrid complex from C. glutamicum and the compact‐sized complex would provide an advantage to determine the whole structure of the unusual hybrid complex.
Wideband compact power amplifier based on novel spatial power combining technique for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Lu Qijun , Deng Jianqin , Shan Guangbao , Zhu Zhangming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on spatial power combining technique using a novel waveguide‐to‐microstrip transition, this article proposes a wideband compact double‐layer two‐level power amplifier composed by six commercial power amplifier chips for millimeter‐wave applications. Double antipodal fin line transition and second‐order Wilkinson power divider/combiner are developed for the spatial power combining circuit. Furthermore, the proposed power amplifier is fabricated with over‐mode waveguides. When the input power is 10 dBm, the measured output power reaches up to 23 dBm, and reveals a very small output power variation about 1.4 dB over a bandwidth of 43% from 36 to 56 GHz. Therefore, the proposed power amplifier can be widely used in millimeter‐wave transceiver modules as well as THz sources, due to its excellent wideband performance.
Social spider optimization based optimized heat management for wet‐electrospun polymer fiber
Authors: Nandwalkar Jayant Ramesh , Pete Dnyandeo J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn electrostatic fiber manufacture method called electrospinning, displayed more attention because of its adaptability and applications in various fields. The polymer fibers named wet‐electrospun (WES) are promising structure for little, adaptable optical fiber devices, for example, lasers, sensors, and waveguides. The shape of WES polymer fibers are represented with aninnate barrel shaped geometry similar to optical fibers that can be created using minimal effort and low‐vitality producing procedures. The loss obtained before the heating process is 17.0 dB cm−1. Here, the loss caused by propagation in WES fibers is reduced using a versatile heat treatment approach (HTA). Also, this HTA significantly reduces the loss in the range of 8.1 dB cm−1 at a wavelength of 533 nm, as the fibers are heated over 49.8°C, which is the glass transition temperature. The propagation loss is also tested for the following 350, 400, 450, 500 nm wavelengths and shown better results. Also, heating conditions are optimized at a wavelength (533 nm) to decrease the propagation loss below 5 dB cm−1. For this calculation social spider optimization (SSO) based optimized temperature rising method is proposed. The proposed method is simulated in the MATLAB platform. Thus, the loss minimization is attributed to excess light scattering (LS) that can be reduced by reducing the propagation loss in WES PDLLA (Poly racemic blend of D, L‐lactic acid units) fibers by effective heat treatment approach.
Evaluation of Visible Implant Elastomer Tags in Wild Coastal Cutthroat Trout in the Marine Environment
Authors: Losee James P. , Faulkner Hannah S. , Seamons Todd R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We evaluated the detectability of visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags in Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorynchus clarkii clarkii in the marine environment by comparing visually identified recaptures from VIE tags with known recaptures that were identified through genotype matching. A total of 89 individual Coastal Cutthroat Trout were marked in the lower jaw with colored VIE tags, sampled for genetics, and recaptured across 12 months in 2015. The rate of correspondence between the VIE tags and genetic matches was 92% (82/89) of the recaptured Coastal Cutthroat Trout in the nearshore marine environment. We found that red- and blue-colored VIE tags were detected at a higher rate (100%) than were yellow- and orange-colored tags (87.3% and 90.6%, respectively). In contrast, tag type (single or double), tag location (left or right), fish length (FL, mm), and time (days) since tagging had no effect on tag detectability during the study period. All of the tag colors were recovered for the maximum life of the study (up to 342 days). In all of the cases of nondetections (5/89), the tags were not identified upon initial recapture or subsequent capture events, suggesting that they were lost or not visible immediately upon insertion in the field—as opposed to being unidentified due to the degradation of tag detectability over time. The results of this study suggest that VIE tags have the potential to be detectable in juvenile and adult Coastal Cutthroat Trout for at least 12 months after insertion, with blue and red performing the best. Additional monitoring extending beyond 12 months after tagging would be necessary to identify the maximum life of VIE tags.
Optimal consumer sales tax policies for online‐offline retail operations with consumer returns
Authors: Zhang Ting , Choi Tsan‐Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultichannel strategies are widely observed in practice. In some jurisdictions, the previously tax‐free online channel is now required to remit sales tax. Motivated by policy evolution and sales‐tax practices, we build analytical models to study the effects of sales tax on multichannel strategies and social welfare (which is defined as the overall surplus minus the negative external impact). We find that retailers prefer the online‐and‐offline channel to others when the product value is low relative to the consumer channel preference. If the offline sales tax rate is sufficiently high, the offline channel may simply function as the showroom. We also explore the optimal sales tax rate(t) that can maximize social welfare. We recognize that sales tax not only directly affects social welfare by influencing the optimal price (and service) decisions in the supply chain, but also indirectly affects social welfare through retailers' channel choice. In particular, imposing an online sales tax for low value products on small retailers only to transfer revenue from the retailers to the government; it is ineffective in increasing social welfare. We advise governments to develop sales tax policies based on consideration of channel type, product category, and the fit between the channel and product. Whereas an online tax free or a uniform tax rate fits low value products, setting different tax rates for different channels can be admissible for high value products. Counterintuitively, we also find that consumer showrooming may increase social welfare, as it reduces product returns (and the corresponding environmental impacts).
Design and performance analysis of elephant herding optimization based controller for load frequency control in thermal interconnected power system
Authors: Dewangan Sourabh , Prakash Tapan , Pratap Singh Vinay 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this present contribution, an attempt has been taken to design and analyze the performance of elephant herding optimization (EHO) based controller for load frequency control (LFC) applications of interconnected power system. The studied system is a two‐area nonreheat thermal interconnected system which is widely used in literature. A proportional‐integral‐differential controller is utilized for LFC of the studied system. EHO technique is applied to obtain the tuned set of controller parameters. The objectives considered for design of the controller are the minimization of settling times and integral‐time‐multiplied‐absolute‐error of frequency deviations (FDs) and tie‐line power deviation (TPD). The design objectives are integrated together to form a function with single objective by assigning equal weights after normalization. Several test cases of diverse set of disturbances are taken into account to test the performance of the proposed controller and the obtained results are compared with other controllers designed with differential evolution, gray wolf optimization, particle swarm optimization, teacher‐learner‐based optimization, and whale optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the time‐domain simulations of FDs and TPD are illustrated to support the tabulated results. In addition, comparative statistical analysis is presented to validate the robust behavior of the proposed controller.
National Trends in Oral Antibiotic Prescribing in United States Physician Offices from 2009 to 2016
Authors: Young Eric H. , Panchal Rupesh M. , Yap Alexander G. , Reveles Kelly R. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPrior studies have found that outpatient antibiotics are commonly prescribed for non‐bacterial conditions. It is unclear if national prescribing has changed in recent years given recent public health and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. This study aimed to describe antibiotic prescribing in United States (U.S.) physician offices.Materials/MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of all sampled patient visits in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2009 to 2016. Antibiotic use was defined as at least one oral antibiotic prescription during the visit as identified by Multum code(s). Patient visits were categorized by U.S. geographic region and season. ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10 codes were used to assess diagnoses and categorize antibiotic use as appropriate, possibly appropriate, or inappropriate.ResultsSeven billion visits were included for analysis, with 793,415,182 (11.3%) including an antibiotic. Prescribing rates were relatively stable over the study period (102.9–124.9 prescriptions per 1000 visits); however, 2016 had one of the lowest prescribing rates (107.7 per 1000 visits). The most commonly prescribed antibiotic class was macrolides (25 per 1000 visits). The South region and winter season had the highest antibiotic prescribing (118.2 and 129.7 per 1000 visits, respectively). Of patients who received an antibiotic, 55.9%, 35.7%, and 8.4% were classified as inappropriate, possibly appropriate, and appropriate, respectively. The most common conditions in which antibiotics were prescribed inappropriately included those with no indication in any of the predefined diagnosis codes (40.1%), other skin conditions (17.3%), and viral upper respiratory conditions (13.3%).ConclusionsThere was no significant reduction in outpatient antibiotic prescribing rates among U.S. outpatients from 2009 to 2016 and prescribing varied by region and season. These data suggest that more than half of antibiotics were prescribed inappropriately, with the majority of antibiotics prescribed with no indication. However, these findings need to be confirmed with robust prospective studies.
Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Sustained Low‐Efficiency Dialysis
Authors: Rider Taylor R. , Silinskie Kevin M. , Hite Mindee S. , Bress Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Introduction
Vancomycin pharmacokinetic data in critically ill patients receiving sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED) is limited. Published data using vancomycin with intermittent hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy may not be applicable to hybrid dialysis modalities such as SLED. Current drug references lack recommendations for vancomycin dosing in patients receiving SLED.
Objective
The objective of this study was to determine vancomycin pharmacokinetics during SLED.
Methods
A total of 20 patients who were critically ill with oliguric or anuric renal failure who received vancomycin and SLED were included in the study. Surrounding one SLED session, serum vancomycin blood samples were drawn before the initiation of SLED, at the termination of SLED, and 4 hours after completion of SLED treatment. Following this, patients received vancomycin, dosed to target a goal peak of 20–30 mcg/ml. A vancomycin peak level was drawn 1 hour after the end of the infusion. SLED treatment duration was at least 7 hours. Continuous data are reported as median (interquartile range) and categorical data as percentage.
Results
The vancomycin elimination rate and half‐life were 0.051 hours (0.042–0.074 hours) and 13.6 hours (9.4–16.6 hours), respectively. SLED reduced vancomycin serum concentrations by 35.4% (31.5–43.8%), and vancomycin rebound was 9.8% (2.5–13.7%). The vancomycin dose administered post‐SLED was 1000 mg (875–1125 mg). For 18 patients, the patient‐specific volume of distribution was 0.88 L/kg (0.67–1.1 L/kg), vancomycin clearance was 3.5 L/hr (2.2–5.2 L/hr), and the area under the concentration‐time curve during the study time period was 280.8 mg·hr/L (254.7–297.3 mg·hr/L).
Conclusion
Vancomycin is significantly removed during SLED with little rebound in serum concentrations 4 hours after completion of SLED. Based on study findings, patients who are critically ill require additional vancomycin dosing after each SLED session to maintain therapeutic post‐SLED vancomycin concentrations. Therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin is recommended during SLED.
Toward controlled functional sequencing and hierarchical structuring in imidazolium ionenes
Authors: O'Harra Kathryn E , Bara Jason E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis focused mini‐review highlights recent advances related to the design and applications of imidazolium ionenes and forward‐looking perspectives. Creative strategies which employ established synthetic approaches and utilize the modularity of the imidazole moiety unlock great potential for tailoring both functional and structural features arising from precise spacing of ionic groups within the polymer backbone. As imidazolium ionenes draw more interest, increased sophistication of chemical modifications and material processing is occurring, with a corresponding shift toward more demanding applications. Synthetic routes for placement and sequencing of ionic content are discussed, in addition to recent approaches to control structure and self‐assembly or tune behaviors of imidazolium ionenes and composites. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Supramolecular polymerization of chiral molecules devoid of chiral centers
Authors: Henderson Will R , Castellano Ronald K 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe iterative association of monomer units through noncovalent interactions often leads to chiral supramolecular polymers. Monomers comprising these materials can be further divided into those with chiral centers and those without. The latter class is often less studied but attractive since it features monomer designs with chirality at the core rather than the periphery of the molecules. In this mini‐review, we summarize the existing strategies to construct supramolecular polymers from chiral molecules with no chiral centers and offer perspectives on fundamental trends and differences between them and their counterparts with chiral centers. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Factors affecting the production and molecular weight of levan in enzymatic synthesis by recombinant Bacillus subtilis levansucrase SacB‐T305A
Authors: Hou Yuanyuan , Huang Fei , Yang Hui , Cong Hao , Zhang Xi , Xie Xiaoxu , Yang Haibo , Tong Qiuping , Luo Ning , Zhu Ping , Meng Jianzong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLevansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10) catalyzes both levan polymerization and sucrose hydrolysis. Levan production by recombinant Bacillus subtilis levansucrase SacB‐T305A was investigated. The maximum conversion yield (33.09%) of sucrose to levan and levan yield (115.8 g L–1) were obtained as 30% (wt/vol) and 40% (wt/vol) initial sucrose, respectively. Under highly acidic conditions (pH 3.5 and below), the polymerization not only shifted distinctly to high molecular weight levan but also enlarged the size of low molecular weight levan. In particular, the proportion of high molecular weight levan to total products increased to 9‐fold at pH 3.5. The presence of Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions at common ion strength (5 mmol L–1) increased only the size of low molecular weight levan from about 20 kDa to about 35 kDa. Our findings provide a supplementary view about the mechanism of levan molecular weight distribution in enzymatic synthesis and offer a possibility for producing levan of different molecular weights by modulating enzymatic reaction conditions. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Registration of oat cultivar ‘Natty’
Authors: Caffe‐Treml M. , Hall L. , Bauer R. , Hall N. , Kleinjan J. , Graham C. , Ingemansen J. A. , Turnipseed B. , Krishnan P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars with improved grain yield and excellent test weight is necessary to increase the profitability of oat production. ‘Natty’ (Reg. no. CV‐385, PI 676027) was developed by the South Dakota State University (SDSU) oat breeding program and was released in 2014. The pedigree of Natty is SD020701//SD030888/ND030349. Natty exhibited high grain yield potential and excellent test weight when evaluated in the South Dakota Crop Performance Testing Oat Variety Trials and in the Uniform Early Oat Performance Nursery. The grain of Natty is characterized by a large proportion of plump kernels and groats with low beta‐glucan and oil content. Natty is resistant to smut, moderately susceptible to susceptible to crown rust, and moderately tolerant to Barley yellow dwarf virus. Natty is a tall and early‐maturing cultivar suited for the production of oat grain for the feed market. Although its milling quality is good, the low beta‐glucan content of Natty is not desirable for the food market. Based on its height, Natty is also suited for straw production. Three of the oat cultivars released by SDSU were named after Lon Hall's grandchildren; Natty is one of them. Lon Hall was oat breeder at SDSU from 2001 to 2014.
Registration of ‘Flathead’ hard red winter wheat
Authors: Berg J.E. , Stougaard R.N. , Kephart K.D. , Chen C. , Eberly J.O. , Torrion J.A. , Lamb P.F. , Miller J.H. , Pradhan G.P. , Ramsfield R. , Nash D.L. , Smith V. , Holen D.L. , Cook J.P. , Gale S. , Jin Y. , Kolmer J.A. , Chen X.M. , Bai G. , Bruckner P.L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract‘Flathead’ (Reg. no. CV‐1164, PI 693237) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. Flathead was derived from a composite of two very closely related single crosses of the predominant cultivar ‘Yellowstone’ to stripe rust resistant source PI 640431, a hard white spring wheat backcross derivative of WA007900 that carries stripe rust all‐stage resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15. Flathead was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:6 head row after phenotypic selection for stripe rust resistance at Kalispell, MT. Flathead was tested under the experimental number MT1564 in Montana yield trials from 2015 to 2019. Flathead is a high‐yielding HRW wheat cultivar with early maturity, short stature, medium grain protein concentration, excellent milling and baking quality, and a high level of all‐stage resistance to predominant races of stripe rust. Flathead was released for its early maturity, improved stripe rust resistance, and improved grain yield relative to other Montana‐adapted early heading cultivars.
Resolving the Interactome of the Human Macrophage Immunometabolism Regulator (MACIR) with Enhanced Membrane Protein Preparation and Affinity Proteomics
Authors: McGauran Gavin , Dorris Emma , Borza Razvan , Morgan Niamh , Shields Denis C. , Matallanas David , Wilson Anthony G. , O'Connell David J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExpression of the macrophage immunometabolism regulator gene (MACIR) is associated with severity of autoimmune disease pathology and with the regulation of macrophage biology through unknown mechanisms. The encoded 206 amino acid protein lacks homology to any characterized protein sequence and is a disordered protein according to structure prediction algorithms. To identify interactions of MACIR with proteins from all subcellular compartments, a membrane solubilization buffer is employed, that together with a high affinity EF hand based pull down method, increases the resolution of quantitative mass spectrometry analysis with significant enrichment of interactions from membrane bound nuclear and mitochondrial compartments compared to samples prepared with radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer. A total of 63 significant interacting proteins are identified and interaction with the nuclear transport receptor TNPO1 and the trafficking proteins UNC119 homolog A and B are validated by immunoprecipitation. Mutational analysis in two candidate nuclear localization signal motifs in the MACIR amino acid sequence shows the interaction with TNPO1 is likely via a non‐classical proline/tyrosine‐nuclear localization signal motif (aa98‐117). It is shown that employing a highly specific and high affinity pull down method that performs efficiently in this glycerol and detergent rich buffer is a powerful approach for the analysis of uncharacterized protein interactomes.
Lowering Sample Requirements to Study Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Using Phosphoproteomics with the TMT Calibrator Approach
Authors: Fang Bin , Izumi Victoria , Rix Lily L. Remsing , Welsh Eric , Pike Ian , Reuther Gary W. , Haura Eric B. , Rix Uwe , Koomen John M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnalysis of tyrosine kinase signaling is critical for the development of targeted cancer therapy. Currently, immunoprecipitation of phosphotyrosine (pY) peptides prior to liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is used to profile tyrosine kinase substrates. A typical protocol requests 10 mg of total protein from ≈108 cells or 50–100 mg of tissue. Large sample requirements can be cost prohibitive or not feasible for certain experiments. Sample multiplexing using chemical labeling reduces the protein amount required for each sample, and newer approaches use a material‐rich reference channel as a calibrator to trigger detection and quantification for smaller samples. Here, it is demonstrated that the tandem mass tag (TMT) calibrator approach reduces the sample input for pY profiling tenfold (to ≈1 mg total protein per sample from 107 cells grown in one plate), while maintaining the depth of pY proteome sampling and the biological content of the experiment. Data are available through PRIDE (PXD019764 for label‐free and PXD018952 for TMT). This strategy opens more opportunities for pY profiling of large sample cohorts and samples with limited protein quantity such as immune cells, xenograft models, and human tumors.