bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 inhibition alleviates matrix degradation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activity in NP cells
Authors: Hong Junmin , Li Shuangxing , Markova Dessislava Z. , Liang Anjing , Kepler Christopher K. , Huang Yingjie , Zhou Jie , Yan Jiansen , Chen Weijian , Huang Dongsheng , Xu Kang , Ye Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn imbalance between matrix synthesis and degradation is the hallmark of intervertebral disc degeneration while inflammatory cytokines contribute to the imbalance. Bromodomain and extra‐terminal domain (BET) family is associated with the pathogenesis of inflammation, and inhibition of BRD4, a vital member of BET family, plays an anti‐inflammatory role in many diseases. However, it remains elusive whether BRD4 plays a similar role in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and participates in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. The present study aims to observe whether BRD4 inhibition regulates matrix metabolism by controlling autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Besides, the relationship was investigated among nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) signaling, autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome in NP cells. Here, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and adenoviral GFP‐LC3 vector transduction in vitro were used, and it was revealed that BRD4 inhibition alleviated the matrix degradation and increased autophagy in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor α. Moreover, p65 knockdown or treatment with JQ1 and Bay11‐7082 demonstrated that BRD4 inhibition attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activity through NF‐κB signaling, while autophagy inhibition by bafilomycin A1 promoted matrix degradation and NLRP3 inflammasome activity in NP cells. In addition, analysis of BRD4 messenger RNA expression in human NP tissues further verified the destructive function of BRD4. Simply, BRD4 inhibition alleviates matrix degradation by enhancing autophagy and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activity through NF‐κB signaling in NP cells.
The chromosome 19 microRNA cluster, regulated by promoter hypomethylation, is associated with tumour burden and poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rui Tao , Xu Siyi , Zhang Xueyou , Huang Haitao , Feng Shi , Zhan Shaowei , Xie Haiyang , Zhou Lin , Ling Qi , Zheng Shusen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still one of the major malignant tumours with poor prognosis. The chromosome 19 microRNA cluster (C19MC) is the largest miRNA cluster, and its functions and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear in HCC. We extracted data from 373 HCC samples and 50 non‐tumour samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The differential expression levels and methylation levels of C19MC as well as the correlation between them were analysed. We evaluated the correlation between the expression levels of C19MC and the clinical features. We further performed prognostic analysis for C19MC and analysed the bioinformatic function. C19MC had upregulated expression levels and promoter hypomethylation in HCC. A significant negative correlation between the high expression and low methylation level of C19MC was obtained. In addition, the positive correlation between the expression levels of C19MC and the tumour grade, tumour stage and T‐stage is shown. Three miRNAs (mir‐512‐1, mir‐516a‐1, mir‐519a‐2) were negatively associated with overall survival on the basis of the Kaplan–Meier analysis and the 3‐miRNA signature was significant for the prognostic assessment of HCC. A bioinformatic enrichment analysis suggested that the target genes of the 3 miRNAs may be associated with mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways related to cancer invasion. In summary, our novel study demonstrated that the hypomethylation of promoters upregulates the expression levels of C19MC and that C19MC may represent a potential new candidate for the diagnosis and therapy of HCC.
Combination of melatonin and irisin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced cardiac dysfunction through suppressing the Mst1–JNK pathways
Authors: Ouyang Haichun , Li Qian , Zhong Jiankai , Xia Fengfan , Zheng Sulin , Lu Jianhua , Deng Yuanyan , Hu Yunzhao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite significant advances in therapies in past decades, the mortality rate of septic cardiomyopathy remains high. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic effects of combined treatment using melatonin and irisin in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated septic cardiomyopathy. Our data found that melatonin and irisin could further attenuate LPS‐induced myocardial depression. Molecular investigation illustrated that melatonin and irisin cotreatment sustained cardiomyocyte viability and improved mitochondrial function under LPS stress. Pathway analysis demonstrated that macrophage‐stimulating 1 (Mst1), which was significantly activated by LPS, was drastically inhibited by melatonin/irisin cotreatment. Mechanically, Mst1 activated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the latter induced oxidative stress, adenosine triphosphate metabolism disorder, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and cardiomyocyte death activation. Melatonin and irisin cotreatment effectively inhibited the Mst1–JNK pathway and, thus, promoted cardiomyocyte survival and mitochondrial homeostasis. Interestingly, Mst1 overexpression abolished the beneficial effects of melatonin and irisin in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our results confirmed that melatonin and irisin combination treatment could protect heart against sepsis‐induced myocardial depression via modulating the Mst1–JNK pathways.
Mechanistic study of the tandem intramolecular (4 + 2)/intermolecular (3 + 2) cycloaddition reactions for the formation of polyaza‐ and polyisoxazolidine‐steroids
Authors: Opoku Ernest , Baffour Pipim George , Tia Richard , Adei Evans 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to construct molecules with potential applications in biomedicine via efficient and selective molecular design and syntheses hinges on a thorough understanding of underlying reaction mechanisms. The biological importance of steroids and related heterocyclic compounds are well known but theoretical studies aimed at delineating reaction mechanisms to complement efforts of experimentalists are lacking. Herein, we report an extensive theoretical study on the regio‐, stereo‐, and enantio‐selectivity of the tandem sequential intramolecular (4 + 2)/intermolecular (3 + 2) cycloaddition reaction of (E)‐3‐(2‐[furan‐2‐ylmethoxy]phenyl)acrylate derivatives (R1) and azides (R3 and R3′) as well as nitrones (R2) for the formation of steroids. In the reaction of R1 and the azide derivatives R3 and R3′, the intramolecular (4 + 2) cycloaddition of R1 is the rate‐determining step (rds). The reaction is also found to be very selective. Reaction of electron‐withdrawing groups‐substituted R1 with R3 is found to generally increase the barrier of the rds except bromine whiles electron‐donating groups are found to generally decrease the activation energies of the rds. Subsequently, we report a novel reaction of R1 with cyclic nitrone (R2), which compares favorably with the azide reaction. Results from the global reactivity descriptors are in good agreement with the activation barrier trends. All the considered reactions in this study are found to be kinetically driven.
Synthesis of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, labeled with carbon‐14
Authors: Kang Julie , Lee Jun Young , Park Jeong‐Hoon , Chang Dong‐Jo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImatinib (Gleevec) is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that decreases the activity of the fusion oncogene called BCR‐ABL (breakpoint cluster region protein‐Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog) and is clinically used for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Small molecule drugs, such as imatinib, can bind to several cellular proteins including the target proteins in the cells, inducing undesirable effects along with the effects against the disease. In this study, we report the synthetic optimization for 14C‐labeling and radiosynthesis of [14C]imatinib to analyze binding with cellular proteins using accelerator mass spectroscopy. 14C‐labeling of imatinib was performed by the synthesis of 14C‐labeld 2‐aminopyrimidine intermediate using [14C]guanidine·HCl, which includes an in situ reduction of an inseparable byproduct for easy purification by HPLC, followed by a cross‐coupling reaction with aryl bromide precursor. The radiosynthesis of [14C]imatinib (specific activity, 631 MBq/mmol; radiochemical purity, 99.6%) was achieved in six steps with a total chemical yield of 29.2%.
Role of MRI in Staging of Penile Cancer
Authors: Krishna Satheesh , Shanbhogue Krishna , Schieda Nicola , Morbeck Fernando , Hadas Benhabib , Kulkarni Girish , McInnes Matthew D. , Baroni Ronaldo Hueb 
Published: January 2020

Penile cancer is one of the male‐specific cancers. Accurate pretreatment staging is crucial due to a plethora of treatment options currently available. The 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer‐Tumor Node and Metastasis (AJCC‐TNM) revised the staging for penile cancers, with invasion of corpora cavernosa upstaged from T2 to T3 and invasion of urethra downstaged from T3 to being not separately relevant. With this revision, MRI is more relevant in local staging because MRI is accurate in identifying invasion of corpora cavernosa, while the accuracy is lower for detection of urethral involvement. The recent European Urology Association (EAU) guidelines recommend MRI to exclude invasion of the corpora cavernosa, especially if penis preservation is planned. Identification of satellite lesions and measurement of residual‐penile‐length help in surgical planning. When nonsurgical treatment modalities of the primary tumor are being considered, accurate local staging helps in decision‐making regarding upfront inguinal lymph node dissection as against surveillance. MRI helps in detection and extent of inguinal and pelvic lymphadenopathy and is superior to clinical palpation, which continues to be the current approach recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guidelines. MRI helps the detection of “bulky” lymph nodes that warrant neoadjuvant chemotherapy and potentially identify extranodal extension. However, tumor involvement in small lymph nodes and differentiation of reactive vs. malignant lymphadenopathy in large lymph nodes continue to be challenging and the utilization of alternative contrast agents (superparamagnetic iron oxide), positron emission tomography (PET)‐MRI along with texture analysis is promising. In locally recurrent tumors, MRI is invaluable in identification of deep invasion, which forms the basis of treatment. Multiparametric MRI, especially diffusion‐weighted‐imaging, may allow for quantitative noninvasive assessment of tumor grade and histologic subtyping to avoid biopsy undersampling. Further research is required for incorporation of MRI with deep learning and artificial intelligence algorithms for effective staging in penile cancer.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1612–1629.
Efficient yield estimation of multiband patch antennas by polynomial chaos‐based Kriging
Authors: Leifsson Leifur , Du Xiaosong , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractYield estimation of antenna systems is important to check their robustness with respect to the uncertain sources. Since direct Monte Carlo sampling of accurate physics‐based models can be computationally intensive, this work proposes the use of the polynomial chaos–Kriging (PC‐Kriging) metamodeling method for fast yield estimation of multiband patch antennas. PC‐Kriging integrates the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) as the trend function of Kriging metamodel since the PCE is good at capturing the function tendency and Kriging is good at matching the observations at training points. The PC‐Kriging method is demonstrated on two analytical cases and two multiband patch antenna cases and is compared with the PCE and Kriging metamodeling methods. In the analytical cases, PC‐Kriging reduces the computational cost by over 40% compared with PCE and over 94% compared with Kriging. In the antenna cases, PC‐Kriging reduces the computational cost by over 60% compared with Kriging and over 90% compared with PCE. In all cases, the savings are obtained without compromising the accuracy.
Factors associated with the presence of peri‐implant buccal soft tissue dehiscences: A case‐control study
Authors: Sanz‐Martín Ignacio , Regidor Erik , Navarro Jordi , Sanz‐Sánchez Ignacio , Sanz Mariano , Ortiz‐Vigón Alberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo identify factors associated with the presence of buccal soft tissue dehiscences (BSTD).MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study assessed 52 cases (CAS) with a minimum of 24 months of loading, with the presence of a BSTD, defined as an exposure of the prosthetic abutment, the implant neck or the implant surface in the anterior maxillae or mandible (premolar‐premolar) and 52 carefully selected controls (CON) matched for age and years in function, being the only difference between groups the BSTD. Clinical parameters and radiographic findings from periapical radiographs and Cone Beam Computed Tomographies (CBCT) were analyzed to assess their association with the occurrence of BSTD using a multivariate regression model.ResultsThe CAS had a mean keratinzed mucosa (KM) of 1.65 ± 1.31 mm, whereas in the CON KM was 3.27 ± 1.28 mm (P = 0.001). Probing depths were similar in both groups, whereas bleeding on probing and plaque scores were higher in the CAS (P = 0.001). Mean bone level scores in the CAS were 1.71 ± 1.04 mm, and 1.27 ± 1.01 mm in CON (P = 0.143). The first bone to implant contact at the buccal aspect was 4.85 ± 3.12 mm in CAS and 2.15 ± 3.44 mm in CON (P = 0.001). CAS were 1.48 ± 0.93 mm outside the alveolar envelope, whereas the CON were 0.46 ± 0.77 mm. Implants buccally positioned in the CBCT's were 34 times more likely to belong to the case group. The presence of >2 mm of KM at the time of evaluation, presence of adjacent natural teeth, cemented restorations and two‐piece implants were protective factors.ConclusionThe bucco‐palatal implant position was the most relevant factor related to the presence of BSTD.
Improving Raman spectroscopic identification of rice varieties by feature extraction
Authors: Sha Min , Zhang Ding , Zhang Zhengyong , Wei Jinhong , Chen Yuan , Wang Mengtian , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRaman spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition can identify rice varieties excellently. In this study, a method was established to select the key feature for identification model. Seventy‐two Raman spectra of three varieties of rice were analyzed. Seventy‐one independent variables and characteristic bands (420–560, 820–980, 1,000–1,200, and 1,300–1,500 cm−1) were obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). Window analysis further narrowed the range of characteristic bands (451–550, 951–1,000, and 1,351–1,450 cm−1). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) obtained 30 wavenumbers with small correlation. The prediction accuracy was 91.71%, whereas the time was reduced by 10 times when these 30 wavenumbers were used to establish the identification model. The method combined PCA, window analysis, and HCA with support vector machine can be used as an effective feature extraction method to improve the efficiency for identification of rice varieties. Under the circumstances of large sample size or relatively complex data, the screening of Raman spectrum information is an important means to simplify the model and improve the prediction efficiency.
Discrimination of textile dyes in binary mixtures by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lepot Laurent , De Wael Kris , Gason Fabrice , Gilbert Bernard , Eppe Gauthier , Malherbe Cédric 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor forensic investigation of dyes used in the textile dying industry by Raman spectroscopy, the capability to discriminate several dyes is significant. When trace samples of fibres tainted with unknown dyes have to be confronted to a reference material, the minor dye is typically present in less than 10 wt% in the dyeing preparations. In the present study, we investigate the ability of Raman spectroscopy to discriminate two dyes in binary mixtures. 50 mixtures were prepared from a selection of five textile dyes in various molar proportion. They were systematically studied with two excitation laser sources at 514 nm and at 785 nm, both referenced in the forensic fibre literature. Representative data were obtained for different scenario's considering the relative capability of each dye to lead to high or weak Raman signal as well as possible fluorescence emission. In particular, we discuss the complementarity of the data obtained with both lasers and the supervised data exploratory treatments leading to the detection of the dye signal: from the simple observation by the operator, the search in spectral databases to the quantitative spectral subtraction of the dominant dye contribution.
Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) calibration target design to allow onboard combined science between the RLS and MicrOmega instruments on the ExoMars rover
Authors: Lopez‐Reyes Guillermo , Pilorget Cedric , Moral Andoni G. , Manrique Jose Antonio , Sanz Aurelio , Berrocal Alicia , Veneranda Marco , Rull Fernando , Medina Jesús , Hamm Vincent , Bibring Jean‐Pierre , Rodriguez Jose Antonio , Perez Canora Carlos , Mateo‐Marti Eva , Prieto‐Ballesteros Olga , Lalla Emmanuel , Vago Jorge L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ExoMars rover, scheduled to be launched in 2020, will be equipped with a novel and diverse payload. It will also include a drill to collect subsurface samples (from 0‐ to 2‐m depth) and deliver them to the rover analytical laboratory, where it will be possible to perform combined science between instruments. For the first time, the exact same sample target areas will be investigated using complementary analytical methods—infrared spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, and laser desorption mass spectrometry—to establish mineralogical and organic chemistry composition. Fundamental for implementing this cooperative science strategy is the Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) calibration target (CT). The RLS CT features a polyethylene terephthalate disk used for RLS calibration and verification of the instrument during the mission. In addition, special patterns have been recorded on the RLS CT disk that the other instruments can detect and employ to determine their relative position. In this manner, the RLS CT ensures the spatial correlation between the three analytical laboratory instruments: MicrOmega, RLS, and MOMA. The RLS CT has been subjected to a series of tests to qualify it for space utilization and to characterize its behavior during the mission. The results from the joint work performed by the RLS and MicrOmega instrument teams confirm the feasibility of the “combined science” approach envisioned for ExoMars rover operations, whose science return is optimized when complementing the RLS and MicrOmega joint analysis with the autonomous RLS operation.
Vector casting for noise reduction
Authors: Gebrekidan Medhanie Tesfay , Knipfer Christian , Braeuer Andreas Siegfried 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report a new method for the reduction of noise from spectra. This method is based on casting vectors from one data point to the following data points of the noisy spectrum. The noise‐reduced spectrum is computed from the casted vectors within a margin that is identified by an envelope‐finder algorithm. We compared here the presented method with the Savitzky–Golay and the wavelet transform approaches for noise reduction using simulated Raman spectra of various signal‐to‐noise ratios between 1 and 25 dB and experimentally acquired Raman spectra. The method presented here performs well compared with the Savitzky–Golay and the wavelets‐based denoising method, especially at small signal‐to‐noise ratios and furthermore relies on a minimum of human input requirements.
Hyphenated dispersive solid‐ and liquid‐phase microextraction technique based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent: application for trace analysis of pesticides in fruit juices
Authors: Sereshti Hassan , Jamshidi Fatemeh , Nouri Nina , Nodeh Hamid Rashidi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides are extensively used worldwide to control plant pathogens and prevent agricultural product damage. However, they can pollute the environment and endanger human health. So far, a variety of sample preparation methods have been developed for the analysis of pesticide residues.RESULTSA hyphenated solid–liquid microextraction method based on a new adsorbent of magnetic graphene oxide functionalized by (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/4‐chlorophenol (1:2)) was developed for extraction/preconcentration of trace levels of pesticides. The sorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. In‐syringe magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction in tandem with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography was applied for the analysis of the selected pesticides. The main parameters governing sample preparation efficiency, including adsorbent dosage, desorption conditions, pH, extraction time, deep eutectic solvent volume, and salt concentration, were investigated. The linear ranges were 0.024–500 μg L−1 with 0.9971–0.9999 linearity factor (R2). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.006–0.038 and 0.024–0.126 μg L−1, respectively. The relative standard deviations were 0.5–4.2% for intra‐day analysis and 2.7–4.6% for inter‐day analysis. Enrichment factors were in the range 210–540.CONCLUSIONSThe method was successfully applied for the determination of malathion, heptachlor epoxide, endrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, azinphos ethyl, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin in fruit juice samples (apple, pineapple, cherry, peach, and red and green grape juices) and the recoveries were within the range 71–115%. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Synbiotic edible film from konjac glucomannan composed of Lactobacillus casei‐01® and Orafti®GR, and its application as coating on bread buns
Authors: Pruksarojanakul Patthasarun , Prakitchaiwattana Cheunjit , Settachaimongkon Sarn , Borompichaichartkul Chaleeda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDKonjac glucomannan‐based edible films formulated with Lactobacillus casei‐01® and chicory‐derived inulin Orafti®GR were studied for their properties, stability, and application as coatings on bread buns.RESULTSThickness and transparency were variable and dependent on the formulations. Alterations in color properties of all supplemented films were unnoticeable by unaided human eyes, with ΔE less than 3. Lactobacillus casei‐01® and Orafti®GR were associated with higher water solubility of the films. Lactobacillus casei‐01® decreased the water vapor permeability of the films while Orafti®GR promoted it. The mechanical properties in all combinations remained unchanged, although those with Orafti®GR showed profoundly reduced tensile strength. Scanning electron micrographs and Fourier transform infrared spectra of the films confirmed good homogeneity and intermolecular attraction between the prebiotic and konjac glucomannan. Cell viability in the films stored at room temperature decreased sharply, becoming less than the minimum recommended level after day 4, while viable L. casei‐01® in coatings on bread buns gradually decreased, with a reduction of ca. 2 log colony‐forming units (CFU) portion−1 over the 7 day storage period at room temperature.CONCLUSIONThe synbiotic film and coating developed in this study are a relatively simple strategy for incorporating L. casei‐01® and Orafti®GR into bread buns, which are short shelf‐life foods. Bread buns with synbiotic coating could diversify functional food choices. Pretreatment, together with other technologies, is required to maintain a desirable number of active probiotic cells for longer. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry