bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthony Copley and the paradoxes of parody
Authors: Sandberg Julianne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay investigates the parodic structure of A Fig for Fortune (Anthony Copley’s 1596 parody of The Faerie Queene) and argues that greater attention to the poem’s parodic features illuminates its incongruities and expands our understanding of early modern parody at the intersection of religion and politics. Given parody’s dual commitments to both echoing and diverging from its source material, the essay highlights key examples of each, demonstrating how and why Copley imitates and deviates from Spenser as he does. While Fig’s divergence from FQ accentuates Copley’s pacifist, anti‐jesuitical, and firmly Catholic impulse, the poem’s echo of Spenser threatens to undermine this very message, which ultimately points, to the paradoxes that define both Catholic dissent and the parodic mode. It is the poem’s structure as a parody – as much as its expression of the religious and political experience of English Catholics – that makes it valuable to our understanding of early modern literature.
Impact of natural zeolite on chemical and biochemical properties of vineyard soils
Authors: Doni Serena , Gispert Maria , Peruzzi Eleonora , Macci Cristina , Mattii Giovan Battista , Manzi Davide , Masini Cosimo M. , Grazia Masciandaro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSustained tillage and continual applications of phytopharmaceutical and fertilizers using heavy machineries frequently give rise to soil erosion, loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and contamination phenomena in Mediterranean vineyards. Because of their distinctive properties, applying natural zeolites to vineyard soils can conceivably affect the efficient use of fertilizers and reduce nutrient leaching losses. This work assesses the impact of zeolite amendment at differing rates (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) on the chemical and biochemical soil properties of three vineyard soils after 6 months from initial treatments. In particular, chemical properties usually related to soil fertility were evaluated along with more sensitive indicators of soil functionality and indicators of chemical–structural characteristics of SOM. The vineyard soils amended with zeolite showed higher nutrient availability and dehydrogenase activity if compared with the control soils. In addition, even though total organic carbon (TOC) content was unchanged, a decrease in humic substances was observed in the zeolite‐treated soils. These results suggested that the stimulation of soil microbial processes by adding zeolite triggered a microbial mineralization process of soil organic carbon stocks. In addition, the modification in the chemical–structural composition of soil organic matter in zeolite‐treated soils was shown by the pyrolysis–gas chromatography (Py‐GC) results. Py‐CG of soil organic matter clearly demonstrated an increase in the labile aliphatic compound furfural and a decline in the more stable aromatic pyrolytic fragments in zeolite‐treated soils in contrast with the control soils, thus indicating the higher extent of decomposition of the SOM more stable pool.
Predictive factors for the development of anemia after hematopoietic stem cell donation
Authors: Steuer Lia V. , Kondo Andrea T. , Cipolletta Andrea N. , Sakashita Araci M. , Hamerschlak Nelson , Kutner José M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) donation through bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) are usually safe procedures, adverse events are expected. One of the most common events especially among BM donors (BMD) is the development of anemia. To protect the BMD and preserve the hemoglobin levels, many centers collect autologous pre‐procedure blood, but the actual benefits of this procedure is controversial.Methods and MaterialsThis study analyzed retrospectively data to observe what factors may influence the occurrence of post‐donation anemia and also evaluate the relevance of autologous red blood cell pre procedure donation (PAD).ResultsThe development of immediately post donation anemia (IP) was higher in BMD than in PB donors (64.2% BMD and 10.7% PBD, P < .001) and also in late post donation (LP) (28.4% BMD and 3.6% PBD, P = .007). The study demonstrated an association between PAD and anemia in IP (72.7% with anemia and 27.3% without anemia, P = .006) and an association between the volume of red blood cells in the donated hematopoietic product and the development of anemia in LP (356.3 mL and 297.8 mL, P = .037).ConclusionIn conclusion, collection of HSC through BM is a risk factor for anemia and PAD is a risk factor for IP anemia.
Biophysical and morphological changes in inner hair cells and their efferent innervation in the ageing mouse cochlea
Authors: Jeng Jing‐Yi , Carlton Adam J. , Johnson Stuart L. , Brown Steve D. M. , Holley Matthew C. , Bowl Michael R. , Marcotti Walter 
Published: October 2020

Key points
Age‐related hearing loss is a progressive hearing loss involving environmental and genetic factors, leading to a decrease in hearing sensitivity, threshold and speech discrimination.
We compared age‐related changes in inner hair cells (IHCs) between four mouse strains with different levels of progressive hearing loss.
The surface area of apical coil IHCs (9–12 kHz cochlear region) decreases by about 30–40% with age.
The number of BK channels progressively decreases with age in the IHCs from most mouse strains, but the basolateral membrane current profile remains unchanged.
The mechanoelectrical transducer current is smaller in mice harbouring the hypomorphic Cdh23 allele Cdh23ahl (C57BL/6J; C57BL/6NTac), but not in Cdh23‐repaired mice (C57BL/6NTacCdh23+), indicating that it could contribute to the different progression of hearing loss among mouse strains.
The degree of efferent rewiring onto aged IHCs, most likely coming from the lateral olivocochlea fibres, was correlated with hearing loss in the different mouse strains.
AbstractInner hair cells (IHCs) are the primary sensory receptors of the mammalian cochlea, transducing acoustic information into electrical signals that are relayed to the afferent neurons. Functional changes in IHCs are a potential cause of age‐related hearing loss. Here, we have investigated the functional characteristics of IHCs from early‐onset hearing loss mice harbouring the allele Cdh23ahl (C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NTac), from late‐onset hearing loss mice (C3H/HeJ), and from mice corrected for the Cdh23ahl mutation (C57BL/6NTacCdh23+) with an intermediate hearing phenotype. There was no significant loss of IHCs in the 9–12 kHz cochlear region up to at least 15 months of age, but their surface area decreased progressively by 30–40% starting from ∼6 months of age. Although the size of the BK current decreased with age, IHCs retained a normal KCNQ4 current and resting membrane potential. These basolateral membrane changes were most severe for C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NTac, less so for C57BL/6NTacCdh23+ and minimal or absent in C3H/HeJ mice. We also found that lateral olivocochlear (LOC) efferent fibres re‐form functional axon‐somatic connections with aged IHCs, but this was seen only sporadically in C3H/HeJ mice. The efferent post‐synaptic SK2 channels appear prior to the establishment of the efferent contacts, suggesting that IHCs may play a direct role in re‐establishing the LOC‐IHC synapses. Finally, we showed that the size of the mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) current from IHCs decreased significantly with age in mice harbouring the Cdh23ahl allele but not in C57BL/6NTacCdh23+mice, indicating that the MET apparatus directly contributes to the progression of age‐related hearing loss.
Gendered lived experiences of marriage and family following exposure to chemical warfare agents: content analysis of qualitative interviews with survivors in Halabja, Kurdistan-Iraq
Authors: Moradi Faraidoun , Moradi Fazil , Söderberg Mia , Olin Anna-Carin , Lärstad Mona 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo study gendered experiences of the long-term effects of a chemical warfare agent (CWA; sulfur mustard).DesignQualitative face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interview study using content analysis approach with thematic analysis and anthropological inquiries.SettingThe city of Halabja in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.ParticipantsSurvivors of CWA (n=16, female:male 10:6, mean age 45.5 years (range 34 to 67)) with lung damage diagnosis and with a range of sociodemographic variables.ResultsLatent content was expressed as: To get or not to get married? Two categories—social abandonment and uncertain marriage—emerged as expressions of the manifest content. The majority of the participants showed uncertainty as a central concern that affects all decision-making in their private and social life. Uncertainty over marriage and family were huge, corresponding to their fear of giving birth to children with congenital birth defects. Exposure to CWAs was conceptualised in terms of stigmatised illnesses, and consequently resulted in loneliness and social isolation, leading to negative impacts on other aspects of professional and social life. The results demonstrated a gendered pattern: CWA-exposed women were more affected psychosocially than CWA-exposed men. More CWA-exposed women were unemployed, divorced or single, or lived under vulnerable circumstances compared with men.ConclusionSurvivors of CWA exposure have developed a sense of gendered uncertainty around getting married and building a family. Sulfur mustard-exposed women, in particular, long to be desired in the community as they face social exclusion. Survivors should be provided evidence-based consultancy to optimise their decision-making around marriage and other social and family challenges.
An interview study to determine the experiences of cellulitis diagnosis amongst health care professionals in the UK
Authors: Patel Mitesh , Lee Siang Ing , Levell Nick J , Smart Peter , Kai Joe , Thomas Kim S , Leighton Paul 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo explore healthcare professionals (HCPs) experiences and challenges in diagnosing suspected lower limb cellulitis.SettingUK nationwide.Participants20 qualified HCPs, who had a minimum of 2 years clinical experience as an HCP in the national health service and had managed a clinical case of suspected cellulitis of the lower limb in the UK. HCPs were recruited from departments of dermatology (including a specialist cellulitis clinic), general practice, tissue viability, lymphoedema services, general surgery, emergency care and acute medicine. Purposive sampling was employed to ensure that participants included consultant doctors, trainee doctors and nurses across the specialties listed above. Participants were recruited through national networks, HCPs who contributed to the cellulitis priority setting partnership, UK Dermatology Clinical Trials Network, snowball sampling where participants helped recruit other participants and personal networks of the authors.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome was to describe the key clinical features which inform the diagnosis of lower limb cellulitis. Secondary outcome was to explore the difficulties in making a diagnosis of lower limb cellulitis.ResultsThe presentation of lower limb cellulitis changes as the episode runs its course. Therefore, different specialties see clinical features at varying stages of cellulitis. Clinical experience is essential to being confident in making a diagnosis, but even among experienced HCPs, there were differences in the clinical rationale of diagnosis. A group of core clinical features were suggested, many of which overlapped with alternative diagnoses. This emphasises how the diagnosis is challenging, with objective aids and a greater understanding of the mimics of cellulitis required.ConclusionCellulitis is a complex diagnosis and has a variable clinical presentation at different stages. Although cellulitis is a common diagnosis to make, HCPs need to be mindful of alternative diagnoses.
Cross-sectional questionnaire study to gather the teaching preferences and expectations of UK undergraduate medical students for culinary medicine learning
Authors: Xie Jessica Ying-Yi , Poduval Shoba , Vickerstaff Victoria , Park Sophie 
Published: October 2020

AimTo determine undergraduate medical students’ teaching preferences and expectations for Culinary Medicine (CM) learning with a view to informing development of a CM course at a UK medical school.SettingA single, urban UK medical school.Participants180 undergraduate medical students.Study designA cross-sectional questionnaire study collecting quantitative and qualitative (free-text) data.Methods and outcome measuresAn online questionnaire consisting of 16 questions of various styles (Likert-type, multiple choice and free-text). Quantitative analysis of multiple choice and Likert-type scale questions was conducted. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyse the free-text responses and identify themes.ResultsThree core themes related to students’ understanding of CM were identified: (1) ‘CM Learning’: students’ perceived relevance of CM knowledge, perceived relevance of CM to healthcare and their expectations for teaching; (2) ‘The Relationship between Food and Health’: links between diet, social factors and health; and (3) ‘Evidence-based Medicine’: students’ perceptions about scientific principles underlying CM. Quantitative analysis revealed that, although 83% of students felt that learning CM is important for their future clinical practice, 56% felt unable to take a dietary history. 73% of students were dissatisfied with the quality, and 78% were dissatisfied with the quantity, of existing medical school teaching understood to be relevant to CM. Topics that students would like to be taught on a CM course included weight management and portion control. Students felt that problem-based style learning would be the most appropriate method for delivering CM teaching.ConclusionsThis study revealed that medical students felt their dietary counsulting skills could be improved with further clinically relevant teaching in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Students’ preferences for CM learning have been taken into consideration in the development of a CM course for fifth-year undergraduate students at a UK medical school, which is delivered during their General Practice placement.
Intermittent antegrade warm-blood versus cold-blood cardioplegia in children undergoing open heart surgery: a protocol for a randomised controlled study (Thermic-3)
Authors: Heys Rachael , Stoica Serban , Angelini Gianni , Beringer Richard , Evans Rebecca , Ghorbel Mohamed , Lansdowne William , Parry Andrew , Pieles Guido , Reeves Barnaby , Rogers Chris , Saxena Rohit , Sheehan Karen , Smith Stella , Walker-Smith Terrie , Tulloh Robert MR , Caputo Massimo 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionSurgical repair of congenital heart defects often requires the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest. Cardioplegia is used during cardiac surgery requiring CPB to keep the heart still and to reduce myocardial damage as a result of ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Cold cardioplegia is the prevalent method of myocardial protection in paediatric patients; however, warm cardioplegia is used as part of usual care throughout the UK in adults. We aim to provide evidence to support the use of warm versus cold blood cardioplegia on clinical and biochemical outcomes during and after paediatric congenital heart surgery.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a single-centre randomised controlled trial in paediatric patients undergoing operations requiring CPB and cardioplegic arrest at the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children. We will randomise participants in a 1:1 ratio to receive either ‘cold-blood cardioplegia’ or ‘warm-blood cardioplegia’. The primary outcome will be the difference between groups with respect to Troponin T levels over the first 48 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes will include measures of cardiac function; renal function; cerebral function; arrythmias during and postoperative hours; postoperative blood loss in the first 12 hours; vasoactive-inotrope score in the first 48 hours; intubation time; chest and wound infections; time from return from theatre until fit for discharge; length of postoperative hospital stay; all-cause mortality to 3 months postoperative; myocardial injury at the molecular and cellular level.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the London – Central Research Ethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated to the academic community through peer-reviewed publications and presentation at national and international meetings. Patients will be informed of the results through patient organisations and newsletters to participants.Trial registration numberISRCTN13467772; Pre-results.
Determinants of usefulness in professional behaviour change interventions: observational study of a 15-year national program
Authors: Andrade Andre Q , LeBlanc Vanessa T , Kalisch-Ellett Lisa M , Pratt Nicole L , Moffat Anna , Blacker Natalie , Westaway Kerrie , Barratt John D , Roughead Elizabeth E 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveEducational, and audit and feedback interventions are effective in promoting health professional behaviour change and evidence adoption. However, we lack evidence to pinpoint which particular features make them most effective. Our objective is to identify determinants of quality in professional behaviour change interventions, as perceived by participants.DesignWe performed a comparative observational study using data from the Veterans’ Medicines Advice and Therapeutics Education Services program, a nation-wide Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs funded program that provides medicines advice and promotes physician adoption of best practices by use of a multifaceted intervention (educational material and a feedback document containing individual patient information).SettingPrimary care practices providing care to Australian veterans.ParticipantsGeneral practitioners (GPs) targeted by 51 distinct behaviour change interventions, implemented between November 2004 and June 2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe extracted features related to presentation (number of images, tables and characters), content (polarity and subjectivity using sentiment analysis, number of external links and medicine mentions) and the use of five behaviour change techniques (prompt/cues, goal setting, discrepancy between current behaviour and goal, information about health consequences, feedback on behaviour). The main outcome was perceived usefulness, extracted from postintervention survey.ResultsOn average, each intervention was delivered to 9667 GPs. Prompt and goal setting strategies in the audit and feedback were independently correlated to perceived usefulness (p=0.030 and p=0.005, respectively). The number of distinct behaviour change techniques in the audit and feedback was correlated with improved usefulness (Pearson’s coefficient 0.45 (0.19, 0.65), p=0.001). No presentation or content features in the educational material were correlated with perceived usefulness.ConclusionsThe finding provides additional evidence encouraging the use of behaviour change techniques, in particular prompt and goal setting, in audit and feedback interventions.
Readability in printed education materials for Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a mixed-method design
Authors: Wang Qiuyi , Xie Lunfang , Wang Lei , Li Xing , Xu Liangmei , Chen Peiling 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the readability of printed education materials (PEMs) for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to explore the perceptions of patients with SLE with different health literacy regarding the readability of PEMs.DesignA mixed-methods study, including a cross-sectional survey and semistructured interviews.SettingThe SLE PEMs were collected from 13 hospitals in China. The interviews were conducted in the Department of Rheumatology of a hospital in Hefei, China.ParticipantsIn the cross-sectional survey, convenience sampling was used to select the Chinese SLE PEMs, with 20 PEMs included. In the qualitative study, the patients with SLE were divided into two groups based on their health literacy. Then, purposive sampling was used to select participants in each group, with 18 patients recruited.Outcome measuresThe readability of PEMs was assessed by the language analysis technology and the Chinese version of the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM-C) instrument.ResultsFor text factors of readability, the mean Chinese language difficulty coefficient was 67.09±8.03, which indicates that the text of PEMs was difficult to read. For non-text factors, the mean SAM-C score was 45.62±9.51. Eight PEMs were rated not suitable, 12 were adequate and none were superior. In the interviews, eight categories were identified: information source, content, actionability, plain language, pictures, tables, numbers and layout. Patients with different health literacy had discrepant views on the detail of basic information, the necessity of question list, the location of functional pictures and the application of mathematical symbols.ConclusionsThe readability of Chinese SLE PEMs does not perform well, and it is necessary to reduce the difficulty of words, shorten the length of sentences and improve the picture design and actionability. To develop PEMs tailored to patients’ level of health literacy, patients’ unique view of readability should be integrated into the design of PEMs.
Cohort profile: a nationwide population-based retrospective assessment of oesophageal cancer in the Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort (FINEGO)
Authors: Söderström Henna K , Räsänen Jari , Saarnio Juha , Toikkanen Vesa , Tyrväinen Tuula , Rantanen Tuomo , Valtola Antti , Ohtonen Pasi , Pääaho Minna , Kokkola Arto , Kallio Raija , Karttunen Tuomo J , Pohjanen Vesa-Matti , Ristimäki Ari , Laine Simo , Sihvo Eero , Kauppila Joonas H 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe Finnish National Esophago-Gastric Cancer Cohort (FINEGO) was established to combine the available registry data with detailed patient information to form a comprehensive, retrospective, population-based research platform of surgically treated oesophageal and gastric cancer in Finland. This cohort profile describes the 2045 surgically treated patients with oesophageal cancer included in the FINEGO cohort.ParticipantsRegistry data were collected from the National Cancer, Patient, Education and Death Registries from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 2016. All patients over 18 years of age, who had either curative surgery, palliative surgery or salvage surgery for primary cancer in the oesophagus are included in this study.Findings to date2045 patients had surgery for oesophageal cancer in the selected time period. 67.2% were man, and the majority had only minor comorbidities. The proportions of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas were 43.1% and 44.4%, respectively, and 12.5% had other or missing histology. Only about 23% of patients received neoadjuvant therapy. Oesophagectomy was the treatment of choice and most patients were treated at low-volume centres, but median annual hospital volume increased over time. Median overall survival was 23 months, 5-year survival for all patients in the cohort was 32.9% and cancer-specific survival was 36.5%.Future plansEven though Finland only has a population of 5.5 million, surgery for oesophageal carcinoma has not been centralised and therefore previously reported results have mostly been small, single-centre cohorts. Because of FINEGO, we now have a population-based, unselected cohort of surgically treated patients, enabling research on national trends over time regarding oesophageal cancer, including patient characteristics, tumour histology, stage and neoadjuvant treatment, surgical techniques, hospital volumes and patient mortality. Data collection is ongoing, and the cohort will be expanded to include more detailed data from patient records and national biobanks.