bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the COVID19 pandemic and initial period of lockdown on the mental health and wellbeing of UK adults
Authors: White Ross G. , Van der Boor Carine 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMental health and wellbeing impacts of COVID19 were assessed in a convenience sample of 600 UK adults using a cross-sectional design. Recruited over a two-week period during the initial phase of the government lockdown, participants completed an online survey that included COVID19-related questions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the WHO-5 and the OXCAP-MH. Self-isolating prior to lockdown, increased feelings of isolation since the lockdown, and having COVID19-related livelihood concerns, were associated with poorer mental health, wellbeing and quality of life. Perceiving increased kindness, community connectedness, and being an essential worker were associated with better mental health and wellbeing outcomes.
EXPLAINABLE-BY-DESIGN APPROACH FOR COVID-19 CLASSIFICATION VIA CT-SCAN
Authors: Angelov Plamen , Soares Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 disease has widely spread all over the world since the beginning of 2020. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency. At the time of writing this paper the number of infected about 2 million people worldwide and took over 125,000 lives, the advanced public health systems of European countries as well as of USA were overwhelmed. In this paper, we propose an eXplainable Deep Learning approach to detect COVID-19 from computer tomography (CT) - Scan images. The rapid detection of any COVID-19 case is of supreme importance to ensure timely treatment. From a public health perspective, rapid patient isolation is also extremely important to curtail the rapid spread of the disease. From this point of view the proposed method offers an easy to use and understand tool to the front-line medics. It is of huge importance not only the statistical accuracy and other measures, but also the ability to understand and interpret how the decision was made. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to surpass the other published results which were using standard Deep Neural Network in terms of performance. Moreover, it produce highly interpretable results which may be helpful for the early detection of the disease by specialists.
Cell-based therapies for COVID-19: A living systematic review
Authors: Rada Gabriel , Corbalán Javiera , Rojas Patricio 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
This living systematic review aims to provide a timely, rigorous and
continuously updated summary of the available evidence on the role of
cell-based therapies in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.

Data sources
We conducted searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central
Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), grey literature and in a
centralised repository in L-OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence). L-OVE is a
platform that maps PICO questions to evidence from Epistemonikos database.
In response to the COVID-19 emergency, L-OVE was adapted to expand the range
of evidence it covers and customised to group all COVID-19 evidence in one
place. All the searches covered the period until April 23, 2020 (one day
before submission).

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies and methods
We adapted an already published common protocol for multiple parallel
systematic reviews to the specificities of this question. We searched for
randomised trials evaluating the effect of cell-based therapies versus
placebo or no treatment in patients with COVID-19. Anticipating the lack of
randomised trials directly addressing this question, we also searched for
trials evaluating other coronavirus infections, such as MERS-CoV and
SARS-CoV, and non-randomised studies in COVID-19. Two reviewers
independently screened each study for eligibility.
A living, web-based version of this review will be openly available
during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will resubmit it every time the conclusions
change or whenever there are substantial updates.

Results
We screened 1,043 records but no study was considered eligible.
We identified 61 ongoing studies, including 39 randomised trials
evaluating different types of cell-based therapies in COVID-19.

Conclusions
We did not find any studies that met our inclusion criteria and hence
there is no evidence to support or refute the use of cell-based therapies in
the treatment of patients with COVID-19. A substantial number of ongoing
studies should provide valuable evidence to inform researchers and decision
makers in the near future.

PROSPERO Registration number
CRD42020179711

Box 1

Linked resources in this Living Systematic Review Common
protocol
Common protocol for the systematic reviews and overviews of
systematic reviews being conducted by the COVID-19 L·OVE Working
Group.
Available here

Living review
Web version of this systematic review, presented in a ‘living
systematic review format’. This means it is continuously updated as
soon as new evidence emerges.
Available here

Living OVerview of Evidence - L·OVE
An open platform that uses artificial intelligence and a broad
network of contributors to identify all of the evidence relevant to
this and other healthcare questions, including those related to
COVID-19.
Available here
Pneumask: Modified Full-Face Snorkel Masks as Reusable Personal Protective Equipment for Hospital Personnel
Authors: Kroo Laurel , Kothari Anesta , Hannebelle Melanie , Herring George , Pollina Thibaut , Chang Ray , Peralta Dominic , Banavar Samhita P. , Flaum Eliott , Soto-Montoya Hazel , Li Hongquan , Combes Kyle , Pan Emma , Vu Khang , Yen Kelly , Dale James , Kolbay Patrick , Ellgas Simon , Konte Rebecca , Hajian Rozhin , Zhong Grace , Jacobs Noah , Jain Amit , Kober Filip , Ayala Gerry , Allinne Quentin , Cucinelli Nicholas , Kasper Dave , Borroni Luca , Gerber Patrick , Venook Ross , Baek Peter , Arora Nitin , Wagner Philip , Miki Roberto , Kohn Jocelyne , Bitran David Kohn , Pearson John , Herrera Cristián Muñiz , Prakash Manu 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTHere we adapt and evaluate a full-face snorkel mask for use as personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care workers, who lack appropriate alternatives during the COVID-19 crisis in the spring of 2020. The design (referred to as Pneumask) consists of a custom snorkel-specific adapter that couples the snorkel-port of the mask to a rated filter (either a medical-grade ventilator inline filter or an industrial filter). This design has been tested for the sealing capability of the mask, filter performance, CO2 buildup and clinical usability. These tests found the Pneumask capable of forming a seal that exceeds the standards required for half-face respirators or N95 respirators. Filter testing indicates a range of options with varying performance depending on the quality of filter selected, but with typical filter performance exceeding or comparable to the N95 standard. CO2 buildup was found to be roughly equivalent to levels found in half-face elastomeric respirators in literature. Clinical usability tests indicate sufficient visibility and, while speaking is somewhat muffled, this can be addressed via amplification (Bluetooth voice relay to cell phone speakers through an app) in noisy environments. We present guidance on the assembly, usage (donning and doffing) and decontamination protocols. The benefit of the Pneumask as PPE is that it is reusable for longer periods than typical disposable N95 respirators, as the snorkel mask can withstand rigorous decontamination protocols (that are standard to regular elastomeric respirators). With the dire worldwide shortage of PPE for medical personnel, our conclusions on the performance and efficacy of Pneumask as an N95-alternative technology are cautiously optimistic.Key pointsFull-face snorkel masks are adapted for use as Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 crisis, using a custom adapter that facilitates the attachment of inline medical-grade respiratory filters or NIOSH industrial respirator filters. This solution was designed as a reusable stopgap solution for healthcare workers to help address the short-term global N95 respirator shortage.
Test performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays
Authors: Whitman Jeffrey D. , Hiatt Joseph , Mowery Cody T. , Shy Brian R. , Yu Ruby , Yamamoto Tori N. , Rathore Ujjwal , Goldgof Gregory M. , Whitty Caroline , Woo Jonathan M. , Gallman Antonia E. , Miller Tyler E. , Levine Andrew G. , Nguyen David N. , Bapat Sagar P. , Balcerek Joanna , Bylsma Sophia A. , Lyons Ana M. , Li Stacy , Wong Allison Wai-yi , Gillis-Buck Eva Mae , Steinhart Zachary B. , Lee Youjin , Apathy Ryan , Lipke Mitchell J. , Smith Jennifer Anne , Zheng Tina , Boothby Ian C. , Isaza Erin , Chan Jackie , Acenas Dante D. , Lee Jinwoo , Macrae Trisha A. , Kyaw Than S. , Wu David , Ng Dianna L. , Gu Wei , York Vanessa A. , Eskandarian Haig Alexander , Callaway Perri C. , Warrier Lakshmi , Moreno Mary E. , Levan Justine , Torres Leonel , Farrington Lila A. , Loudermilk Rita , Koshal Kanishka , Zorn Kelsey C. , Garcia-Beltran Wilfredo F. , Yang Diane , Astudillo Michael G. , Bernstein Bradley E. , Gelfand Jeffrey A. , Ryan Edward T. , Charles Richelle C. , Iafrate A. John , Lennerz Jochen K. , Miller Steve , Chiu Charles Y. , Stramer Susan L. , Wilson Michael R. , Manglik Aashish , Ye Chun Jimmie , Krogan Nevan J. , Anderson Mark S. , Cyster Jason G. , Ernst Joel D. , Wu Alan H. B. , Lynch Kara L. , Bern Caryn , Hsu Patrick D. , Marson Alexander 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSerological tests are crucial tools for assessments of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, infection and potential immunity. Their appropriate use and interpretation require accurate assay performance data.MethodWe conducted an evaluation of 10 lateral flow assays (LFAs) and two ELISAs to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The specimen set comprised 128 plasma or serum samples from 79 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive individuals; 108 pre-COVID-19 negative controls; and 52 recent samples from individuals who underwent respiratory viral testing but were not diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Samples were blinded and LFA results were interpreted by two independent readers, using a standardized intensity scoring system.ResultsAmong specimens from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive individuals, the percent seropositive increased with time interval, peaking at 81.8-100.0% in samples taken >20 days after symptom onset. Test specificity ranged from 84.3-100.0% in pre-COVID-19 specimens. Specificity was higher when weak LFA bands were considered negative, but this decreased sensitivity. IgM detection was more variable than IgG, and detection was highest when IgM and IgG results were combined. Agreement between ELISAs and LFAs ranged from 75.7-94.8%. No consistent cross-reactivity was observed.ConclusionOur evaluation showed heterogeneous assay performance. Reader training is key to reliable LFA performance, and can be tailored for survey goals. Informed use of serology will require evaluations covering the full spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infections, from asymptomatic and mild infection to severe disease, and later convalescence. Well-designed studies to elucidate the mechanisms and serological correlates of protective immunity will be crucial to guide rational clinical and public health policies.
CovidNLP: A Web Application for Distilling Systemic Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic with Natural Language Processing
Authors: Awasthi Raghav , Pal Ridam , Singh Pradeep , Nagori Aditya , Reddy Suryatej , Gulati Amogh , Kumaraguru Ponnurangam , Sethi Tavpritesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe flood of conflicting COVID-19 research has revealed that COVID-19 continues to be an enigma. Although more than 14,000 research articles on COVID-19 have been published with the disease taking a pandemic proportion, clinicians and researchers are struggling to distill knowledge for furthering clinical management and research. In this study, we address this gap for a targeted user group, i.e. clinicians, researchers, and policymakers by applying natural language processing to develop a CovidNLP dashboard in order to speed up knowledge discovery. The WHO has created a repository of about more than 5000 peer-reviewed and curated research articles on varied aspects including epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, social factors, and economics. We summarised all the articles in the WHO Database through an extractive summarizer followed by an exploration of the feature space using word embeddings which were then used to visualize the summarized associations of COVID-19 as found in the text. Clinicians, researchers, and policymakers will not only discover the direct effects of COVID-19 but also the systematic implications such as the anticipated rise in TB and cancer mortality due to the non-availability of drugs during the export lockdown as highlighted by our models. These demonstrate the utility of mining massive literature with natural language processing for rapid distillation and knowledge updates. This can help the users understand, synthesize, and take pre-emptive action with the available peer-reviewed evidence on COVID-19. Our models will be continuously updated with new literature and we have made our resource CovidNLP publicly available in a user-friendly fashion at http://covidnlp.tavlab.iiitd.edu.in/.Data Availability StatementAll the data used in this study are publicly available from the WHO Covid-19 Global Literature on coronavirus disease maintained at https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/. Our analysis and the interactive resource CovidNLP is publicly available in a user friendly fashion at http://covidnlp.tavlab.iiitd.edu.in
A COVID-19 epidemic model integrating direct and fomite transmission as well as household structure
Authors: Wijaya Karunia Putra , Ganegoda Naleen , Jayathunga Yashika , Götz Thomas , Bock Wolfgang , Schäfer Moritz , Heidrich Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper stresses its base contribution on a new SIR-type model for COVID-19 including direct and fomite transmission as well as the effect of distinct household structures. To what extent increasing the physical-distancing-related contact radius and enhancing mass control (public curfew, lockdown, workplace clearance, and school closure) reduce the number of predicted active cases is studied via parameter estimation.
The nexus of travel restriction, air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Investigation from a megacity of the southern China
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo control and prevent the spread of COVID-19, generalized social distancing measures, such as traffic control and travel restriction acted in China. Previous studies indicated that the traffic conditions had significant influence on the air quality, and which was related to the respiratory diseases. This study aimed to reveal the nexus of travel restriction, air pollution and COVID-19. Shenzhen, one of the top 4 megacities in China was considered as the study area, statistical analysis methods, including linear/nonlinear regression and bivariate correlation was conducted to evaluate the relationship of the traffic and passenger population, travel intensity, NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases. The results suggested that traffic control and travel restriction had a significant correlation with the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases, which shown negative correlation with the traffic intensity of the city, NO2, PM10 and PM2.5 show significant positive correlation with the traffic intensity, traffic control and travel restriction would slow down and prevent the spread of the viruses at the outbreak period. Different study scale might results in different results, thus the research focused on the nexus of traffic control and travel restriction, air pollution and COVID-19 should been enhanced in future, and differentiated epidemic control and prevention measures should be considered according to the different situation of cities as well as countries.
Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Different Tests to Detect Impaired Hand Function in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Alonso Cintia C. G. , de Freitas Paulo Barbosa , Pires Raquel , de Oliveira Dalton Lustosa , Ferreira de Freitas Sandra M. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionParkinson’s Disease (PD) can affect hand function. To examine the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of four traditionally used hand function tests in individuals with PD by using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.MethodsEighty individuals (24 with PD and 56 healthy controls) performed the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHF, with seven subtests), Nine-Hole Peg Test, and maximum power and pinch grip strength tests. The outcomes of the tests were compared between groups. The values of the area under the curve from the ROC analysis assessed the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the tests.ResultsIndividuals with PD presented worst performance than controls in all tests, except the writing subtest of the JTHF and maximum power strength. Two subtests of the JTHF, the turning cards and moving large, heavy objects, showed the highest area under the curve in the ROC analysis. The Nine-Hole Peg Test was able to distinguish the PD stage and progression, while the simulated feeding of the JTHFT subtest showed a high area under the curve only for PD stage analysis.ConclusionTwo dexterity tasks (turning cards and moving large, heavy objects) were highly discriminative of the hand function impairments in individuals with PD. The Nine-Hole Peg Test provides the most accurate identification of the PD stage and progression based on hand function impairment. Different dexterity tasks should be used depending on the aims of the evaluation, whether for diagnosis, monitoring, or classification of the PD.
Effects of Extra-curricular Physical Activity Programs on High-school Girls: A Systematic Review
Authors: Houle Laura-Maude , Gilbert Jo-Anne , Paiement Karine , Ayotte Alexandra , Mathieu Marie-Eve 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMost adolescents do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations, especially girls. Physical inactivity has major physical and psychosocial deleterious effects on adolescents. Little is known about the effect of girl-only, extra-curricular PA programs designed for adolescents on physical and psychosocial outcomes. Hence, this systematic review assessed quantitative and qualitative studies evaluating the effects of such interventions. It also aimed at identifying recommendations to improve their implementation and efficacy.MethodsLiterature published until June 4, 2018, was searched in three electronic databases. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of studies presenting results on physical and psychosocial outcomes, not those presenting solely implementation recommendations.ResultsSeventeen quantitative and qualitative studies describing 10 different PA programs were included. Six of these studies provided recommendations for implementation only. The overall quality of the studies assessing the effects on physical and psychosocial outcomes was moderate, with an average score of 58%. The PA programs assessed did not lead to clear improvements in PA levels or other physical outcomes. Concerning psychosocial results, there is some evidence that the programs could improve dimensions of the self-esteem construct.ConclusionFuture studies should assess the effect of girl-only, extra-curricular PA programs on the health-related habits, such as reduction of sedentary time among adolescents and sleep duration. More studies evaluating the psychosocial effects as a primary outcome are recommended to obtain a clearer understanding of the benefits. This review gathers recommendations to improve the efficacy of future extra-curricular PA programs designed to increase PA levels in girls.
Signal bias at glucagon family receptors: rationale and downstream impacts
Authors: Jones Ben , McGlone Emma Rose , Fang Zijian , Pickford Phil , Corrêa Ivan R , Oishi Atsuro , Jockers Ralf , Inoue Asuka , Kumar Sunil , Görlitz Frederik , Dunsby Chris , French Paul MW , Rutter Guy A , Tan Tricia , Tomas Alejandra , Bloom Stephen R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReceptors for the peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (GCG) are important regulators of insulin secretion and energy metabolism. Recently described GLP-1 receptor agonists showing signal bias in favour of cyclic AMP over β-arrestin-2 recruitment have delivered promising results in preclinical studies. Here we first sought to establish the role of β-arrestins in the control of intracellular signalling and trafficking responses at the closely related GLP-1, GIP and GCG receptors, through studies performed in cells depleted of both β-arrestin isoforms. We also generated analogues of GLP-1, GCG and GIP which in some cases showed selective reduction in β-arrestin-2 recruitmentversuscAMP signalling compared to the parent peptide. Despite reduced acute signalling potency and/or efficacy, some biased GLP-1 and GIP analogues increased maximal sustained insulin secretion from INS-1 832/3 clonal beta cells, although only at high agonist concentrations. Biased GCG analogues did not affect maximal insulin release, or glucose output in hepatocytes.
Negative regulation ofACE2by interferonsin vivoand its genetic control
Authors: Ansari M. Azim , Marchi Emanuele , Ramamurthy Narayan , Aschenbrenner Dominik , Hackstein Carl-Philipp ,   STOP-HCV consortium, ISARIC-4C Investigators, Lin Shang-Kuan , Bowden Rory , Sharma Eshita , Pedergnana Vincent , Venkateswaran Suresh , Kugathasan Subra , Mo Angela , Gibson Greg , Cooke Graham , McLauchlan John , Barnes Eleanor , Baillie John Kenneth , Teichmann Sarah , Mentzer Alex , Todd John , Knight Julian , Uhlig Holm , Klenerman Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in widespread morbidity and mortality globally.ACE2is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and differences in expression may affect susceptibility to COVID-19. Using HCV-infected liver tissue from 195 individuals, we discovered that among genes negatively correlated withACE2, interferon signalling pathways were highly enriched and observed down-regulation ofACE2after interferon-alpha treatment. Negative correlation was also found in the gastrointestinal tract and in lung tissue from a murine model of SARS-CoV-1 infection suggesting conserved regulation ofACE2across tissue and species. Performing a genome-wide eQTL analysis, we discovered that polymorphisms in the interferon lambda (IFNL) region are associated withACE2expression. IncreasedACE2expression in the liver was also associated with age and presence of cirrhosis. Polymorphisms in theIFNLregion may impact not only antiviral responses but alsoACE2with potential consequences for clinical outcomes in distinct ethnic groups and with implications for therapeutic interventions.