bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Meditation and Exercise Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot of a Combined Nonpharmacological Intervention Focused on Reducing Disability and Pain in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Polaski Anna M , Phelps Amy L , Smith Thomas J , Helm Eric R , Morone Natalia E , Szucs Kimberly A , Kostek Matthew C , Kolber Benedict J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot trial examined the effects of a combined intervention of mindfulness meditation followed by aerobic walking exercise compared with a control condition in chronic low back pain patients. We hypothesized that meditation before exercise would reduce disability, pain, and anxiety by increasing mindfulness prior to physical activity compared with an audiobook control group.ParticipantsThirty-eight adults completed either meditation and exercise treatment (MedExT) (n=18) or an audiobook control condition (n=20).SettingDuquesne University Exercise Physiology Laboratory.DesignA pilot, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial.MethodsOver a 4-week period, participants in the MedExT group performed 12–17 minutes of guided meditation followed by 30 minutes of moderate-intensity walking exercise 5 days per week. Measures of disability, pain, mindfulness, and anxiety were taken at baseline and postintervention. Pain perception measurements were taken daily.ResultsCompared with the control group, we observed larger improvements in disability in the MedExT intervention, although the changes were modest and not statistically significant (mean between-group difference, –1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], –3.1 to 0.6). For secondary outcome measures, MedExT increased mindfulness (within-group) from pre-intervention to postintervention (P=0.0141). Additionally, mean ratings of low back pain intensity and unpleasantness significantly improved with time for the MedExT group compared with that of the control group, respectively (intensity P=0.0008; unpleasantness P=0.0022).Conclusion. Overall, 4 weeks of MedExT produced suggestive between-group trends for disability, significant between-group differences for measures of pain, and significant within-group increases in mindfulness.
Health news sharing is reflected in distributed reward-related brain activity
Authors: Doré B P , Scholz C , Baek E C , Falk E B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Neuroimaging has identified individual brain regions, but not yet whole-brain patterns, that correlate with the population impact of health messaging. We used neuroimaging to measure whole-brain responses to health news articles across two studies. Beyond activity in core reward value-related regions (ventral striatum, ventromedial prefrontal cortex), our approach leveraged whole-brain responses to each article, quantifying expression of a distributed pattern meta-analytically associated with reward valuation. The results indicated that expression of this whole-brain pattern was associated with population-level sharing of these articles beyond previously identified brain regions and self-report variables. Further, the efficacy of the meta-analytic pattern was not reducible to patterns within core reward value-related regions but rather depended on larger-scale patterns. Overall, this work shows that a reward-related pattern of whole-brain activity is related to health information sharing, advancing neuroscience models of the mechanisms underlying the spread of health information through a population.
A Cautionary Note on the Use of Genotype Callers in Phylogenomics
Authors: Duchen Pablo , Salamin Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNext-generation-sequencing genotype callers are commonly used in studies to call variants from newly sequenced species. However, due to the current availability of genomic resources, it is still common practice to use only one reference genome for a given genus, or even one reference for an entire clade of a higher taxon. The problem with traditional genotype callers, such as the one from GATK, is that they are optimized for variant calling at the population level. However, when these callers are used at the phylogenetic level, the consequences for downstream analyses can be substantial. Here, we performed simulations to compare the performance between the genotype callers of GATK and ATLAS, and present their differences at various phylogenetic scales. We show that the genotype caller of GATK substantially underestimates the number of variants at the phylogenetic level, but not at the population level. We also found that the accuracy of heterozygote calls declines with increasing distance to the reference genome. We quantified this decline and found that it is very sharp in GATK, while ATLAS maintains high accuracy even at moderately divergent species from the reference. We further suggest that efforts should be taken towards acquiring more reference genomes per species, before pursuing high-scale phylogenomic studies. [ATLAS; efficiency of SNP calling; GATK; heterozygote calling; next-generation sequencing; reference genome; variant calling.]
A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to reduce sedentary behavior among older adults
Authors: Chase Jo-Ana D , Otmanowski Jennifer , Rowland Sheri , Cooper Pamela S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with numerous negative health outcomes, independent of physical activity behavior. Older adults are the most sedentary population in the United States. Understanding the effects and characteristics of existing interventions to reduce SB can inform practice, future research, and public health initiatives to improve older adults’ health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine existing SB intervention research among older adults and quantitatively synthesize intervention effects. Comprehensive searches were conducted to identify studies testing interventions to reduce SB time among adults at least 60 years old. Data on study design, intervention content and delivery, and participant characteristics were extracted from eligible studies. Standardized mean difference effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were synthesized using a random-effects model for two-group pretest–posttest design studies. Twenty-two reports describing 17 distinct studies were included in the narrative synthesis, with eight studies included in the meta-analysis (k = 8; n = 1,024). Most interventions were theory-driven and employed multiple strategies, including education, self-monitoring, and goal setting. Although SB interventions significantly reduced total sedentary time, the overall effect was small (d = −0.25, 95% confidence interval [−0.50, 0.00], p = .05). Studies were significantly heterogeneous (Q = 22.34, p &lt; .01); however, the small number of comparisons prevented moderator analyses. Practitioners should employ diverse SB-specific strategies to encourage older adults to reduce time spent sedentary. To develop public health programs targeting SB in older adults, future research should include measures of time spent in specific SB and duration/number of breaks in sedentary time and investigate SB intervention effects on health outcomes.
A systematic review of stigma in sexual and gender minority health interventions
Authors: Layland Eric K , Carter Joseph A , Perry Nicholas S , Cienfuegos-Szalay Jorge , Nelson Kimberly M , Bonner Courtney Peasant , Rendina H Jonathon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStigma against sexual and gender minorities is a major driver of health disparities. Psychological and behavioral interventions that do not address the stigma experienced by sexual and gender minorities may be less efficacious. We conducted a systematic review of existing psychological and behavioral health interventions for sexual and gender minorities to investigate how interventions target sexual and gender minority stigma and consider how stigma could affect intervention efficacy. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Eligible studies were peer reviewed and published in English between January 2003 and July 2019 and reported empirical results of behavioral or psychological interventions implemented among sexual and gender minorities. All interventions addressed stigma. We identified 37 eligible interventions. Most interventions targeted sexual minority men. Interventions were frequently developed or adapted for implementation among sexual and gender minorities and addressed multiple levels and types of stigma. Interventions most frequently targeted proximal stressors, including internalized and anticipated stigma. HIV and mental health were the most commonly targeted health outcomes. A limited number of studies investigated the moderating or mediating effects of stigma on intervention efficacy. The application of an intersectional framework was frequently absent and rarely amounted to addressing sources of stigma beyond sexual and gender minority identities. A growing number of interventions address sexual and gender minority stigma in an effort to prevent deleterious health effects. Future research is needed to assess whether stigma modifies the effectiveness of existing psychological and behavioral interventions among sexual and gender minorities. Further, the application of intersectional frameworks is needed to more comprehensively intervene on multiple, intersecting sources of stigma faced by the diverse sexual and gender minority community.
Soil nutrient availability alters tree carbon allocation dynamics during drought
Authors: Schönbeck Leonie , Li Mai-He , Lehmann Marco M , Rigling Andreas , Schaub Marcus , Hoch Günter , Kahmen Ansgar , Gessler Arthur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Drought alters allocation patterns of carbon (C) and nutrients in trees and eventually impairs tree functioning. Elevated soil nutrient availability might alter the response of trees to drought. We hypothesize that increased soil nutrient availability stimulates root metabolism and C allocation to belowground tissues under drought stress. To test this hypothesis, we subjected 3-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. saplings in open-top chambers during two subsequent years to drought using three different water treatments (100, 20 and 0% plant available water in the soil) and two soil nutrient regimes (ambient and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) fertilization corresponding to 5 g N m−2 year−1) and released drought thereafter. We conducted a 15N and 13C labeling experiment during the peak of the first-year drought by injecting 15N labeled fertilizer in the soil and exposing the tree canopies to 13C labeled CO2. The abundance of the N and C isotopes in the roots, stem and needles was assessed during the following year. Carbon uptake was slightly lower in drought-stressed trees, and extreme drought inhibited largely the N uptake and transport. Carbon allocation to belowground tissues was decreased under drought, but not in combination with fertilization. Our results indicate a potential positive feedback loop, where fertilization improved the metabolism and functioning of the roots, stimulating C allocation to belowground tissues. This way, soil nutrients compensated for drought-induced loss of root functioning, mitigating drought stress of trees.
Multi-analysis of sheath senescence provides new insights into bamboo shoot development at the fast growth stage
Authors: Chen Ming , Ju Ye , Ahmad Zishan , Yin Zengfang , Ding Yulong , Que Feng , Yan Jijun , Chu Jinfang , Wei Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sheath senescence is an important part of bamboo shoot development during the fast growth stage. However, no information has been reported about this distinctive process until now. Using multiple approaches, we found that sheath senescence is a complex process that occurs sequentially with chloroplast corruption, chlorophyll degradation and water loss. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), salicylic acid and abscisic acid also accumulate in the senescing sheath. Transcriptome analysis showed that NAC and WRKY transcription factors, such as NAC2 and WRKY75, as well as their possible downstream target genes, such as those involved in ROS production, proteolysis and nutrition recycling, constitute the gene network of the bamboo sheath senescence process. Furthermore, the initiation of sheath senescence might be triggered by hexokinase genes, such as HXK6, which is localized to the mitochondrion and could promote leaf senescence when overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Sheath senescence occurs after the growth decrease of the internodes, which provides assimilates. The slowing of internode growth possibly results in sugar accumulation, such as glucose, in the sheath, which finally upregulates hexokinase genes and initiates sheath senescence. These findings reveal that sheath senescence is a multilevel regulation process and has a close link to the corresponding internode growth, which provides new insights into the shoot development of bamboo during the fast growth stage.
Use of allergen immunotherapy for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Norris Matthew R. , Khaimov Michelle , Bielory Leonard 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the literature pertaining to the use of allergen immunotherapy for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis with an emphasis on recent developments.

Recent findings
Both subcutaneous (SCIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy continue to show efficacy in treating allergic conjunctival disease, subcutaneous more than sublingual. Adverse effects of sublingual therapy continue to be reported since the FDA's approval of SLIT tablets in 2014. Initial SLIT studies reported high rates of adherence, while real use reports identify rates of nonadherence/discontinuation ranging between 50 and 80%. Studies in polyallergic patients evaluating the efficacy of SLIT combination therapy report encouraging results.

Summary
Both SCIT and SLIT offers improvement in allergic conjunctival symptom scores and decrease medication utilization. Although SCIT has a higher likelihood of systemic reaction, SLIT has a very high rate of mild-to-moderate adverse events – especially in the first month. Cost–benefit analyses tend to favor SCIT (greater efficacy and less impacted by discontinuation rates).
Gender Differences in Emotional Dysregulation and Deliberate Self-harm in Patients With Tramadol Dependence
Authors: Shamseldin Noha , Asal Abdelrahman A. , Enaba Dalia A. , Khalil Mohamed A. , Shaheen Somaya H. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Gender differences in substance dependence across many domains including emotional dysregulation and deliberate self-harm (DSH) has not been studied widely. Tramadol dependence is the most one lacking empirical research and evidence regarding these differences; therefore, our aim is to detect gender differences in patients with tramadol dependence as regards emotional dysregulation and DSH.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 30 male and 30 female patients with tramadol dependence [diagnosis was made by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I)]. Assessment of emotional dysregulation and DSH was done by the Difficulties in Emotion Dysregulation Scale, the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory—Short Version.

Results:
Female patients are higher in emotional dysregulation and induce DSH more evidently than male patients with tramadol dependence. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between overall emotional dysregulation and overall DSH in both groups.

Conclusion:
The results will be useful in clinical practice for the management of patients with tramadol dependence.
A Comparison of Outcomes for Spinal Trauma Patients at Level I and Level II Centers
Authors: Baron Rebecca B. , Neifert Sean N. , Martini Michael L. , Maragkos George A. , McNeill Ian T. , Lamb Colin , Rasouli Jonathan J. , Caridi John M. 
Published: October 2020

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis of a national database.

Objective:
To characterize the spine trauma population, describe trauma center (TC) resources, and compare rates of outcomes between the American College of Surgeons (ACS) level I and level II centers.

Summary of Background Data:
Each year, thousands of patients are treated for spinal trauma in the United States. Although prior analyses have explored postsurgical outcomes for patients with trauma, no study has evaluated these metrics for spinal trauma at level I and level II TCs.

Materials and Methods:
The ACS Trauma Quality Improvement Program was queried for all spinal trauma cases between 2013 and 2015, excluding polytrauma cases, patients discharged within 24 hours, data from TCs without a designated level, and patients transferred for treatment.

Results:
Although there were similar rates of severe spine traumas (Abbreviated Injury Scale≥3) at ACS level I and level II centers (P=0.7), a greater proportion of level I patients required mechanical ventilation upon emergency department arrival (P=0.0002). Patients at level I centers suffered from higher rates of infectious complications, including severe sepsis (0.58% vs. 0.31%, P=0.02) and urinary tract infections (3.26% vs. 2.34%, P=0.0009). Intensive care unit time (1.90 vs. 1.65 days, P=0.005) and overall length of stay (8.37 days vs. 7.44 days, P<0.0001) was higher at level I TCs. Multivariate regression revealed higher adjusted overall complication rates at level II centers (odds ratio, 1.15, 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.24; P<0.001), but no difference in mortality (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.92–1.52; P>0.10).

Conclusions:
ACS level I TCs possess larger surgical staff and are more likely to be academic centers. Patients treated at level I centers experience fewer overall complications but have a greater incidence of infectious complications. Mortality rates are not statistically different.
Lumbar Fusion for Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Zhou Shi Guo , Liu Chun Hua , Dai Ke Hui , Lai Yong Xin 
Published: October 2020

Study Design:
This was a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Objective:
We aimed to assess the comparative efficacies of the 5 most commonly used procedures for spondylolisthesis in a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Summary of Background:
Lumbar fusion procedures are the backbone for the surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis. However, the current evidence has only considered head-to-head comparisons of different fusion procedures and failed to definitively favor one fusion procedure over another.

Materials and Methods:
A Bayesian random-effects model was used, and radiographic fusion and complications were assessed by risk ratio with a corresponding 95% credible interval; Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were assessed by mean difference and 95% credible interval. Furthermore, with respect to each endpoint, ranking probabilities for each fusion procedure were evaluated using the value of the surface under the cumulative ranking curve.

Results:
In all, 12 studies were identified. Significant differences in associated complications were found between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MTLIF) and each of the other 4 fusion procedures. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve results suggested that for the most effective radiographic fusion, open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (OTLIF) had the maximum probability of being successful (76.6%), followed by MTLIF (70.4%) and open posterior lumbar interbody fusion (OPLIF, 48.7%). In terms of ODI scores, OTLIF might be the best intervention (70.5%), followed by MTLIF (68.8%) and then OPLIF (44.0%). However, MTLIF is ranked the safest (99.8%) regarding associated complications, followed sequentially by OTLIF (57.1%) and posterolateral fusion (30.1%).

Conclusions:
OTLIF for spondylolisthesis was found to be the more efficient procedure in terms of radiographic fusion and ODI scores. Importantly, MTLIF is most likely to have a lower associated complication rate compared with other fusion procedures.
Provider Perspectives on the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes Autism: Transition to Adulthood Program
Authors: Cheak-Zamora Nancy , Farmer Justin G. , Crossman Morgan K. , Malow Beth A. , Mazurek Micah O. , Kuhlthau Karen , Stobbe Gary , Loftin Rachel , Mirza-Agrawal Mavara , Tapia Mark , Hess Amy , Davis Katrina , Sohl Kristin 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Despite their complex health care needs, transition-aged youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (TAY-ASD) receive few transition services and describe difficulty finding adult providers. A 12-week primary care provider (PCP) training was developed to improve the delivery of transition services for TAY-ASD [Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Autism: Transition to Adulthood program]. The current study examines the PCPs' perspectives and experiences of the program and application of the training material.

Methods:
This study used a qualitative descriptive framework to explore the experiences and perspectives of 10 PCPs who completed the ECHO Autism: Transition to Adulthood program. Semistructured focus groups, conducted through Zoom videoconferencing, were used to explore these topics.

Results:
Three overarching categories were identified: (1) beneficial and influential aspects of the ECHO, (2) perceived challenges, and (3) suggestions for improvements and adjustments. Overall, participants found the program highly beneficial, describing an increased sense of community and comprehensive recommendations from a multidisciplinary team. Challenges included difficulties participating in the program during clinical hours and difficulties meeting the educational needs of participants with a wide range of previous experience caring for TAY-ASD. Recommendations included embedding the location-specific material into the program to account for regional differences and the use of an online platform for participants to ask questions and discuss issues outside of the regular sessions.

Conclusion:
The study results can inform the development and implementation of new virtual PCP trainings and future ECHOs, including the revision and broad implementation of the ongoing ECHO Autism: Transition to Adulthood program.
Delivering pediatric cardiac care in sub-Saharan Africa: a model for the developing countries
Authors: Ansong Annette K. , Yao Nana-Akyaa , Fynn-Thompson Francis , Edwin Frank 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
It is projected that by 2050, around 40% of all births, and about 40% of all children, will be in Africa, up from about 10% in 1950. Consequently, this trend will cause an increase in noncommunicable diseases in children, such as congenital and rheumatic heart diseases. The current state of pediatric cardiac care in sub-Saharan Africa is dire with some countries without cardiac surgical services at all. The purpose of this review is to highlight those components needed to build a sustainable model for a pediatric cardiac care center in sub-Saharan Africa.

Recent findings
Review of the literature reveals that capacity-building for pediatric cardiac care in sub-Saharan Africa can be a challenging entity. Several factors must come into play to lay the foundation for a successful cardiac program. Key among them are early diagnosis of heart disease, human resources, financing cardiac care, and political commitment.

Summary
The burgeoning pediatric population in sub-Saharan African lends itself to an increase in the incidence of pediatric heart disease. The need for sustainable, patient-centered cardiac centers is pressing. Establishing such pediatric cardiac care models will require the essential components of early diagnosis, increasing human resources, financing cardiac care, and political commitment.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/HCO/A59.