bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of moisture migration of beef during refrigeration storage by low‐field NMR and its relationship to beef quality
Authors: Cheng Shasha , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Huimin , Lin Rong , Wang Haitao , Tan Mingqian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to investigated the moisture migration of beef during refrigeration storage, and its relationships to some physicochemical quality indicators were analyzed using partial least squares regression.RESULTSThree water components ascribed to bound water, immobilized water and free water in beef matrix were revealed by LF‐NMR relaxation results. The transverse relaxation time and peak area of immobilized water declined as storage proceeded, as a result of disruption to the microstructure revealed by scanning electron microscope images. MRI images found obvious water migration of beef during refrigeration storage, and scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the integrity of the muscle fiber bundle was destroyed. In addition, increased storage time also led to increases in pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value, weight loss, cooking loss and b* value, and to decreases in water holding capacity (WHC), L* and a* values, and textural properties.CONCLUSIONThe strong correlations between water migration and the physicochemical quality changes suggested the possibility of LF‐NMR as a rapid and non‐invasive method to evaluate beef quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Postharvest application of pectic‐oligosaccharides on quality attributes, activities of defense‐related enzymes, and anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry
Authors: Virgen‐Ortiz Jose J , Morales‐Ventura José M , Colín‐Chávez Citlali , Esquivel‐Chávez Fabiola , Vargas‐Arispuro Irasema , Aispuro‐Hernández Emmanuel , Martínez‐Téllez Miguel A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe postharvest application of pectic‐oligosaccharides (POS) as an elicitor to improve the postharvest shelf‐life and nutritional quality by stimulating natural defense mechanisms in strawberries was studied. Strawberries (cv. Festival) were treated with POS (at 0, 2, 5, and 9 g L−1) and evaluated for firmness, weight loss, color, soluble solids, titratable acidity (TA), total phenolic and anthocyanin content, antioxidant capacity, decay, and some defense‐related enzyme activity during storage at 2 ± 0.5 °C for 14 days.RESULTSTreatment with POS significantly delayed (P < 0.05) strawberry decay, and reduced the water loss and softening of fruit during storage. Strawberries treated with POS showed a significant increase in total phenolic and anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity when compared with controls. Interestingly, POS induced higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), chitinase, and β‐1,3‐glucanase in strawberries. Compared to the control, the activity of enzymes was markedly increased in fruit treated with all tested POS concentrations, particularly chitinase, and β‐1,3‐glucanase activities, but 5 and 9 g L−1 POS were the most effective treatments for maintaining the quality attributes and improving anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant capacity of strawberries.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that POS treatment could potentially be applied to maintain quality attributes, reduce decay, and further enrich the anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity of strawberries during postharvest storage. The results also suggest that the positive effects of POS on strawberries could be associated with the rapid accumulation of chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase activities, and the increase of PAL enzyme activity leading to the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrospun terpolymeric nanofiber membrane for micro solid‐phase extraction of diazinon and chlorpyrifos from aqueous samples
Authors: Mohammadi Nilash Mohammadreza , Avar Sajad , Mirzaei Fahimeh , Fakhari Ali Reza , Rezaee Shirin‐abadi Abbas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study deals with the synthesis and electrospining of a new terpolymer nanofiber in order to determine the amount of diazinon and chlorpyrifos in water and fruit juice samples. The synthesized terpolymer and the prepared nanofiber were characterized using 1H NMR spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The performance of terpolymer nanofiber, prepared as a sorbent for micro solid phase extraction was investigated for the extraction of diazinon and chlorpyrifos from aquaeous media. Then, the target analytes were desorbed from the coating with an organic solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Extraction efficiencies were significant (>90%) under the optimum condition. The proposed method also demonstrated good linear dynamic ranges for diazinon and chlorpyrifos (3–250 and 5–200 µg/L), and low limit of detections (0.5 and 0.7 µg/L) respectively. Moreover, under optimum condition for extraction of diazinon and chlorpyrifos, square of correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9978 and 0.9953 and relative standard deviations of 4.6 and 5.1% were achieved, respectively. The recoveries for diazinon and chlorpyrifos were in the range of 85–97%.
Health utility of rhinectomy, surgical nasal reconstruction, and prosthetic rehabilitation
Authors: Faris Callum , Heiser Alyssa , Quatela Olivia , Jackson Matthew , Tessler Oren , Jowett Nate , Lee Linda N. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesAdvanced nasal malignancies may require rhinectomy, which can have profound psychosocial impacts. Rhinectomy defects can be rehabilitated through surgery or prosthetics. We seek to understand the health utility of the rhinectomy defect, surgical, and prosthetic reconstruction, which have not been previously studied.Study DesignProspective clinical studyMethodsAdult naïve observers (n = 273) ranked the utility of five randomized health states (monocular blindness, binocular blindness, post‐rhinectomy nasal defect, postsurgical reconstruction, and post‐prosthetic rehabilitation). Health utilities were measured using visual analogue scale (VAS), standard gamble (SG), and time trade‐off (TTO). One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Scheffe's test and the independent samples T‐test for a priori comparisons were performed. Multiple linear regression was performed using participant demographics as independent predictors of utility scores.ResultsHealth utilities (VAS, SG, TTO) were reported as follows (mean ± SD): monocular blindness (0.71 ± 0.21, 0.84 ± 0.20, 0.85 ± 0.19), binocular blindness (0.48 ± 0.25, 0.68 ± 0.28, 0.63 ± 0.28), post‐rhinectomy nasal defect (0.59 ± 0.24, 0.74 ± 0.24, 0.74 ± 0.24), postsurgical reconstruction (0.88 ± 0.16, 0.90 ± 0.18, 0.89 ± 0.13), and post‐prosthetic rehabilitation (0.67 ± 0.22, 0.80 ± 0.23, 0.82 ± 0.20). Both surgical reconstruction (P < .001) and prosthetic rehabilitation (P < .001) significantly improved health utility. SG and TTO utility scores were inversely associated with observer age (P < .001) and participants who identified themselves as non‐Caucasians (P < .05) in post‐rhinectomy nasal defect, post‐nasal surgical reconstruction, and post‐nasal prosthetic rehabilitation health states, while higher levels of education were directly associated with SG scores (P < .05), respectively.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate the significant negative impact of the rhinectomy nasal defect on health utility. Rehabilitation by surgical or prosthetic techniques significantly increases health utility as rated by naïve observers. Laryngoscope, 130:1674–1679, 2020
Investigation of micro‐electrochemical activities of oxide inclusions and microphases in duplex stainless steel and the implication on pitting corrosion
Authors: Zhang Yaohua , Hu Qian , Dai Mingjie , Huang Feng , Cheng Frank Y. , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, the oxide inclusions contained in the 2205 duplex stainless steel were characterized, and the pitting corrosion initiated at the inclusions was statistically analyzed. The micro‐electrochemical behavior was measured by a home‐designed capillary microelectrode technique. Results show that three types of oxide inclusions are contained in the steel, namely, Al–Mg–O (inclusion A), Al–Si–Ca–O (inclusion B), and Al–Mg–Si–Ca–O (inclusion C) inclusions. Inclusion A possesses higher electrochemical stability than the steel substrate, and there is no corrosion pit initiated on the inclusion. Inclusions B and C are more electrochemically active than the steel, and pitting corrosion occurs on both inclusions. The α phase has higher electrochemical activity and lower corrosion resistance than the γ phase. Pitting corrosion is more likely to occur at the inclusion/α phase interface, rather than the inclusion/γ phase interface. When the inclusion is located at the α/γ interface, the pit initiation is dominated by the α phase on the coexisting dual phases.
Fifty years of celebrity endorser research: Support for a comprehensive celebrity endorsement strategy framework
Authors: Schimmelpfennig Christian , Hunt James B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHalf a century of research on celebrity endorsement has led to the advancement of four grand celebrity endorsement theories. Most scholars have adopted the meaning transfer model, proposed 30 years ago by Grant McCracken, as the most appropriate theory to explain effective celebrity endorsements. In this conceptual study, we present a literature search and analysis that finds strong support for the validity of all four grand endorsement theories (source credibility, source attractiveness, match‐up hypothesis, and meaning transfer model) and thus show that each theory constitutes an effective construct for a particular set of endorsements. We argue that, contrary to the assertion in the literature, no single theory is able to holistically explain celebrity endorsements. Only a comprehensive framework comprising all theories can explain the great variety of different celebrity endorsements executed in advertising praxis. Moreover, we present a prescriptive framework that allows marketers to identify the most effective celebrity endorsement strategy based on a product's or brand's value proposition, as we believe traditional product categories are no longer an appropriate concept on which to base an effective advertising strategy.
Nonlinear effect measurement based on high‐speed optical transmission communication system
Authors: Zhao Zhonghua , Xin Haiyan , Liu Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe problem of nonlinear effect in high‐speed optical transmission communication systems limits the performance of systems; therefore, it needs to be measured and suppressed. In this article, the influence of nonlinear effect was illustrated taking signal phase as an example. Then an Xcross phase modulation (XPM) measurement model was established. It was found through simulation experiment that XPM effect tended to theoretical value with the increase of frequency of radio frequency signal and strengthened with the decrease of dispersion effect. The effectiveness of the measurement method is illustrated and relevant influence factors were verified, providing a reference for the study of nonlinear effect of communication technology.
Visual enhancement of Cone‐beam CT by use of CycleGAN
Authors: Kida Satoshi , Kaji Shizuo , Nawa Kanabu , Imae Toshikazu , Nakamoto Takahiro , Ozaki Sho , Ohta Takeshi , Nozawa Yuki , Nakagawa Keiichi 
Published: December 2019

PurposeCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers advantages over conventional fan‐beam CT in that it requires a shorter time and less exposure to obtain images. However, CBCT images suffer from low soft‐tissue contrast, noise, and artifacts compared to conventional fan‐beam CT images. Therefore, it is essential to improve the image quality of CBCT.MethodsIn this paper, we propose a synthetic approach to translate CBCT images with deep neural networks. Our method requires only unpaired and unaligned CBCT images and planning fan‐beam CT (PlanCT) images for training. The CBCT images and PlanCT images may be obtained from other patients as long as they are acquired with the same scanner settings. Once trained, three‐dimensionally reconstructed CBCT images can be directly translated into high‐quality PlanCT‐like images.ResultsWe demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with images obtained from 20 prostate patients, and provide a statistical and visual comparison. The image quality of the translated images shows substantial improvement in voxel values, spatial uniformity, and artifact suppression compared to those of the original CBCT. The anatomical structures of the original CBCT images were also well preserved in the translated images.ConclusionsOur method produces visually PlanCT‐like images from CBCT images while preserving anatomical structures.
Interleaved 31P MRS/1H ASL for analysis of metabolic and functional heterogeneity along human lower leg muscles at 7T
Authors: Niess Fabian , Schmid Albrecht Ingo , Bogner Wolfgang , Wolzt Michael , Carlier Pierre , Trattnig Siegfried , Moser Ewald , Meyerspeer Martin 
Published: December 2019

PurposeMR offers the unique possibility to noninvasively investigate cellular energy metabolism via 31P MRS, while blood perfusion, which provides oxygen and substrates to the tissue, is accessible by arterial spin labeling (ASL) 1H MRI. Because metabolic and hemodynamic parameters are linked, it would be desirable to study them simultaneously. A 3D‐resolved method is presented that allows such measurements with high spatiotemporal resolution and has the potential to discern differences along an exercising muscle.MethodsMulti‐voxel localized 31P MRS was temporally interleaved with multi‐slice pASL 1H MRI. Phosphorus spectra were collected from two adjacent positions in gastrocnemius medialis (GM) during rest, submaximal plantar flexion exercise and recovery, while perfusion and ‐weighted axial images were acquired at the same time. Seventeen healthy volunteers (9 f / 8 m) were studied at 7 T.ResultsAn increase of postexercise perfusion and ‐weighted signal in GM positively correlated with end‐exercise PCr depletion and pH drop. At proximal positions functional and metabolic activity was higher than distally, that is, perfusion increase and peak ‐weighted signal, end‐exercise PCr depletion, end‐exercise pH, and PCr recovery time constant were significantly different. An NOE‐induced SNR increase of approximately 20 % (P < .001), at rest, was found in interleaved 31P spectra, when comparing to 31P‐only acquisitions.ConclusionsA technique for fast, simultaneous imaging of muscle functional heterogeneity in ASL, and acquisition of time‐resolved 31P MRS data is presented. These single exercise recovery experiments can be used to investigate local variations during disease progression in patients suffering from vascular or muscular diseases.
Motion detection with NMR markers using real‐time field tracking in the laboratory frame
Authors: Aranovitch Alexander , Haeberlin Maximilian , Gross Simon , Dietrich Benjamin E. , Reber Jonas , Schmid Thomas , Pruessmann Klaas P. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo enhance the utility of motion detection with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) markers by removing the need for sequence‐dependent calibration.MethodsTwo sets of NMR markers are used for simultaneous observation of magnetic field dynamics during imaging procedures. A set of stationary markers at known positions in the laboratory frame serves to determine the field evolution in that frame. Concurrent recording from a set of head‐mounted markers then permits calculating their lab‐frame positions and derived rigid‐body motion parameters. The precision and accuracy of this approach are evaluated relative to current calibration‐based solutions. Use for prospective motion correction is then demonstrated in high‐resolution imaging of long scan duration.ResultsMotion detection with real‐time field tracking overcomes the need for explicit calibration without compromising precision, which is assessed at 10 to 30 µm. Relative to full conventional calibration, it is found to offer superior robustness against thermal drift. Relative to more economical modes of calibration, it achieves substantially higher accuracy. Prospective motion correction based on real‐time field tracking resulted in consistently high image quality even when head motion exceeded the image resolution by one order of magnitude.ConclusionReal‐time field tracking enables motion detection with NMR markers without calibration overhead and thus overcomes a key obstacle toward routine use. In addition, it renders this mode of motion tracking more robust against system imperfections.
Cerebrovascular MRI in the mouse without an exogenous contrast agent
Authors: Fouquet Jérémie P. , Lebel Réjean , Cahill Lindsay S. , Sled John G. , Tremblay Luc , Lepage Martin 
Published: December 2019

PurposeTo assess the effect of a variety of anesthetic regimes on ‐weighted MRI of the mouse brain and to determine the optimal regimes to perform ‐weighted MRI of the mouse cerebrovasculature without a contrast agent.MethodsTwenty mice were imaged with a 3D ‐weighted sequence under isoflurane, dexmedetomidine, or ketamine‐xylazine anesthesia with a fraction of inspired oxygen varied between 10% and 95% + 5% CO2. Some mice were also imaged after an injection of an iron oxide contrast agent as a positive control. For every regime, whole brain vessel conspicuity was visually assessed and the apparent vessel density in the cortex was quantified and compared.ResultsThe commonly used isoflurane anesthetic leads to poor vessel conspicuity for fraction of inspired oxygen higher or equal to 21%. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine‐xylazine enable the visualization of a significantly larger portion of the vasculature for the same breathing gas. Under isoflurane anesthesia, the fraction of inspired oxygen must be lowered to between 10% and 14% to obtain similar vessel conspicuity. Initial results on automatic segmentation of veins and arteries using the iron oxide positive control are also reported.Conclusion‐weighted MRI in combination with an appropriate anesthetic regime can be used to visualize the mouse cerebrovasculature without a contrast agent. The differences observed between regimes are most likely caused by blood‐oxygen level dependent effects, highlighting the important impact of the anesthetic regimes on cerebral blood oxygenation of the mouse brain at rest.
Improved Use of Human Milk, Growth, and Central Line Utilization With Standard Feeding Roadmap in an Academic NICU
Authors: Kohler John A. , Fowler Jennifer O. , Moore Ryan T. , Higginson Jason D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundBefore the initiation of a standardized feeding roadmap in our regional, level IV academic neonatal intensive care unit, utilization of central lines was high, and initiation of enteral feeds delayed in the very low‐birth‐weight population (<1500 g). Given our review of the literature, it appeared that the standardization of feeding advancement would likely result in improved performance in both issues.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort comparison of very low‐birth‐weight patients before initiation of any feeding roadmap with a second cohort following completion of the final roadmap. Infants were examined retrospectively in 2 historical cohorts: Phase 1, infants fed before roadmap development and rollout, October 1, 2012–March 31, 2013; and Phase 2, following promulgation of the final feeding roadmap, January 1, 2017–June 30, 2017.ResultsDuring Phase 2, we observed a significant reduction in median (interquartile range) days to first feed (3 [1] vs 1 [1] [P < 0.0001]) and utilization of a second central line (35% vs 12% [P < 0.01]). Weight gain was significantly improved from before roadmap implementation to final, mean (SD) (g/d, 21 [5] vs 24 [4]; [P < .0001]). Percentage of first enteral feedings that were human milk also increased significantly from 71% to 91% (P = 0.0007).ConclusionImplementation of a standardized feeding roadmap was associated with a reduction in days to first enteral feeds, an increase in the primary use of human milk for initiation of enteral feeds, and a decrease in the utilization of central lines while improving weight gain in very low‐birth‐weight infants.
Effect of Oral Nutrition Supplements and TGF‐β2 on Nutrition and Inflammatory Patterns in Patients With Active Crohn's Disease
Authors: Ferreira Talita Mayra Resende , Albuquerque Annanda , Cancela Penna Francisco Guilherme , Macedo Rosa Rodrigo , Correia Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson , Barbosa Alfredo José Afonso , Salles Cunha Aloísio , Ferrari Maria de Lourdes Abreu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCrohn's disease (CD) is often associated with nutrition disorders. Many nutrition therapeutic alternatives have been studied. Nevertheless, the actual role of nutrition therapy is still controversial. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of nutrition supplementation with and without transforming growth factor‐beta 2 (TGF‐β2) on inflammatory, endoscopic, histopathologic, and nutrition parameters in active CD.Materials and methodsThirty‐eight patients were allocated into 3 groups: group 1 (patients who received only nutrition orientation), group 2 (nutrition orientation and a normoproteic, normocaloric nutrition supplement), and group 3 (nutrition orientation and the nutritional supplement with TGF‐β2). Clinical and nutrition evaluation, C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, and assessment of endoscopic and histologic parameters in the intestinal mucosa were performed before and after nutrition intervention.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 3 months. In the beginning of the study, groups were homogeneous regarding age, gender, CD behavior and localization, and medication in use. In the end of the study, the Clinical Disease Activity Index score was reduced in groups 2 and 3; in group 3, a reduction in CRP levels and an improvement in histologic findings were observed. Among patients who received nutritional supplement, some anthropometric patterns were improved.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that nutritional supplementation improved nutrition and inflammatory patterns in patients with active CD. However, only patients receiving TGF‐β2–enriched formula showed improvement in histologic parameters and significant reduction in CRP levels.
Pathophysiology of Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Dong Victor , Nanchal Rahul , Karvellas Constantine J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcute liver failure (ALF) is a rare syndrome resulting from an acute insult to the liver in patients without known underlying chronic liver disease. It is characterized by loss of synthetic function in the form of jaundice and coagulopathy and development of hepatic encephalopathy. Multiorgan failure (MOF) eventually develops, leading to death. Many different etiologies have been identified, with acetaminophen (APAP) overdose and viral hepatitis being the most common causes worldwide. The pathophysiology of ALF can be divided into cause‐specific liver injury pathophysiologies and pathophysiology related to occurrence of secondary MOF. In terms of liver injury pathophysiology, APAP toxicity is the most well known. Secondary MOF is often a result of the initial massive proinflammatory response generating a systemic inflammatory response syndrome followed by a compensatory anti‐inflammatory response leading to immune cell dysfunction and sepsis. As the liver is a tremendously important metabolic organ involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, fat metabolism, and glycemic control, multiple aspects of nutrition also need to be considered as part of the overall pathophysiology of ALF.