bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Barriers of Child Immunization Completion among Parents in the Community Health Centre, Johor Bahru
Authors: Hussin Hamidah Bt , Marzo Roy Rillera , Mamat Nurazura Binti , Safee Nor Faradilla Binti , Omar Norzita Binti , Yin Tan Sin 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective strategies for reducing child mortality. There is a vital need to assess parents’ barriers involving child immunization completion to improve and increase vaccination coverage and completeness.
Objective: To determine the barriers of child immunization completion among parents in the Community Health Centre of Johor Bahru.
Methodology: The Maternal and Child Health Clinic, Jalan Abdul Samad providing primary immunization was selected via non-random and convenience sampling. Children between1 month to 2 years old who were immunized were identified. Data were obtained from parents who brought in their children for primary vaccination at the Maternal and Child Health Clinic, Jalan Abdul Samad.
Results: The response rate for this study was 100% (n=306). All the eligible parents who were approached by the researchers agreed to participate in this research. Out of all respondents, 3 (1.0%) completely refused the immunization of their child, 23 (7.5%) defaulted with the immunization, and 280 (91.5%) completed the immunization. In terms of perception towards immunization, 60 or 19.6% of the total respondents stated that their preference for alternative treatments is their main reason if they decide not to have their children vaccinated. After adjusting for socio-demographic differences, the researchers discovered that parents who have significantly lower coverage for all 10 childhood vaccines themselves were less likely to agree that vaccines are necessary to protect the health of children, to believe that their child might get a disease if they aren't vaccinated, or to believe that vaccines are safe.
Conclusion: This first systematic evaluation of immunization refusal in Malaysia showed that a small number of parents refused immunization.
Comparison of Automated and Manual Methods for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Bhat Asifa , Angmo Dekyong , Nazir Shaista 
Published: April 2020

Background: Carbapenems are considered the broadest-spectrum β-lactam agents and are often required for treatment of severe hospital-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are important in diagnostic laboratories to confirm resistance of microorganisms to an antimicrobial agent and also to monitor the activity of new antimicrobial agents.
Aims and Objectives: To compare the MIC obtained by Broth Microdilution method (BMD) with that of Vitek-2(automated method) for recovered isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Materials and Methods: Prospective study conducted over a period of one year. It included all isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from blood culture of the patients. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility was done on Vitek-2.These Isolates were subjected to Microbroth dilution method for MIC determination.
Results: Out of the 55 meropenem resistant isolates by vitek-2, 20(36.3%) had MIC of ≥256 µg/ml followed by 18(32.7%) isolates with a MIC of 128 µg/ml, followed by 11(20%) isolates with MIC of 64 µg/ml and 6(10.9%) isolates with MIC of 32 µg/ml. Also among 15 meropenem sensitive isolates by Vitek-2, 13(86.7%) had MIC of ≤0.5 µg/ml, followed by two (13.3%) isolates with MIC of 2 µg/ml. Results obtained by vitek 2 were compared with those from BMD(the reference method), which showed a 13.3% minor error rate and no major or very major error rate.
Conclusion: Overall, the Vitek 2 performance was comparable to that of BMD for testing a limited number of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.
Does Muscle Strength Change Over Time in Patients With Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome/Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder? An Eight‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Coussens Marie , Calders Patrick , Lapauw Bruno , Celie Bert , Banica Thiberiu , De Wandele Inge , Pacey Verity , Malfait Fransiska , Rombaut Lies 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveReduced maximal muscle strength and strength endurance have been found in patients with hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome/hypermobility spectrum disorder (hEDS/HSD) and are recognized as common associated features of the disorder. However, the extent to which these parameters change over time is currently not documented. Therefore, the purpose of this 8‐year follow‐up study was to investigate this evolution.MethodsThirty female patients (mean age 41 years) with hEDS/HSD and 17 controls participated at baseline and 8 years later. Maximal muscle strength and strength endurance tests of the knee flexors and extensors, and 2 lower‐extremity posture maintenance tests were performed to evaluate static strength endurance. In addition, muscle mass and density were evaluated by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography.ResultsMaximal muscle strength and strength endurance were significantly lower at both baseline and follow‐up in the hEDS/HSD group compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.007). Maximal muscle strength of the knee flexors (decreased in the control group: pɳ2 = 0.139), strength endurance of the knee extensors (decreased in the hEDS/HSD group and increased in the control group: pɳ2 = 0.244), and muscle density (decreased in the hEDS/HSD group: pɳ2 = 0.263) showed a significantly different evolution over 8 years. No other significant differences in evolution were found.ConclusionDecreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.
Iodine‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Cyclopentenedione with Benzamidine: A Double Dehydrogenative Oxidative Cyclization to Access Fused Imidazoles
Authors: Panigrahi Ahwan , Dhineshkumar Jayaraman , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA double C−H functionalization of cyclopentenedione with benzamidine hydrochloride catalyzed by iodine has been disclosed for synthesizing fused imidazole derivatives. This methodology leads to a variety of fused imidazole derivatives and requires a sub‐stoichiometric amount of iodine as a catalyst and aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant. This reaction involves a double‐cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of 1,3‐cyclopentenedione and benzamidine hydrochloride to form two C−N bonds in a consecutive manner within short reaction time. A plausible mechanism has been proposed based on the mass spectrometric analysis.magnified image
Neck masses due to internal jugular vein phlebectasia: Frequency in Menkes disease and literature review of 85 pediatric subjects
Authors: Stevens Kristen E. , Price Julienne E. , Marko Jamie , Kaler Stephen G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClassic Menkes disease is a rare X‐linked recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in the copper transporter gene, ATP7A. Untreated affected individuals suffer failure to thrive and neurodevelopmental delays that begin at 6–8 weeks of age and progress inexorably to death, often within 3 years. Subcutaneous injections of Copper Histidinate (US Food and Drug Administration IND #34,166, Orphan product designation #12‐3663) are associated with improved survival and neurological outcomes, especially when commenced within a month of birth. We previously identified internal jugular vein phlebectasia (IJP) in four Menkes disease subjects. This feature and other connective tissue abnormalities appear to be consequences of deficient activity of lysyl oxidase, a copper‐dependent enzyme. Here, we report results from a prospective study of IJP based on 178 neck ultrasounds in 66 Menkes subjects obtained between November 2007 and March 2018. Nine patients met the criterion for IJP (one or more cross‐sectional area measurements exceeding 2.2 cm2) and five subjects had clinically apparent neck masses that enlarged over time. Our prospective results suggest that IJP occurs in approximately 14% (9/66) of Menkes disease patients and appears to be clinically benign with no specific medical or surgical actionability. We surveyed the medical literature for prior reports of IJP in pediatric subjects and identified 85 individuals and reviewed the distribution of this abnormality by gender, sidedness, and underlying etiology. Taken together, Menkes disease accounts for 16% (15/94) of all reported IJP individuals. Neck masses from IJP represent underappreciated abnormalities in Menkes disease.
Inflammatory manifestations in patients with Shwachman–Diamond syndrome: A novel phenotype
Authors: Furutani Elissa , Shah Ankoor S. , Zhao Yongdong , Andorsky David , Dedeoglu Fatma , Geddis Amy , Zhou Yu , Libermann Towia A. , Myers Kasiani C. , Shimamura Akiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractShwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, bone marrow failure, and leukemia predisposition. Approximately 90% of cases are due to biallelic mutations in the Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond (SBDS) gene. Additional phenotypic features variably associated with SDS include skeletal, neurologic, hepatic, cardiac, endocrine, and dental abnormalities. We report five subjects with SDS who developed a range of inflammatory manifestations. Three patients developed inflammatory eye conditions. Single cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and scleroderma were also noted. Clinical presentation and treatment responses are described. Proteomic analysis revealed increased inflammatory signatures in SDS subjects as compared to controls. Treatment of inflammatory manifestations in patients with SDS may be complicated by potential myelosuppressive toxicities of anti‐rheumatic medications. Further research is needed to better understand the potential link between inflammatory disorders and SDS to inform effective treatment strategies.
IDM‐1: A Zeolite with Intersecting Medium and Extra‐Large Pores Built as an Expansion of Zeolite MFI
Authors: Villaescusa Luis A. , Li Jian , Gao Zihao , Sun Junliang , Camblor Miguel A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIDM‐1 is a new silica zeolite with an ordered and well‐defined framework constructed by alternating pentasil layers and interrupted layers, giving rise to an intersecting system of straight medium pores and undulating extra‐large lobed pores. This unique structure was solved by rotation electron diffraction and refined against synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction data. Despite the presence of both Si(OSi)3(OH) and Si(OSi)2(OH)2 sites, this new zeolite presents high thermal stability, withstanding calcination even to 1000 °C. The location of defects at specific sites of the structure results in alternating hydrophobic SiO2 and hydrophilic SiO(2−x)(OH)2x intracrystalline regions. This peculiar combination of intersecting medium and extra‐large pores and alternating regions of different chemical character may provide this zeolite with unique catalytic properties.
Asymmetric Guerbet Reaction to Access Chiral Alcohols
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Lin , Tang Weijun , Sun Huaming , Xue Dong , Lei Ming , Xiao Jianliang , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe first example of an asymmetric Guerbet reaction has been developed. Using commercially available, classic Noyori RuII‐diamine‐diphosphine catalysts, well‐known in asymmetric hydrogenation, racemic secondary alcohols are shown to couple with primary alcohols in the presence of a base, affording new chiral alcohols with enantiomeric ratios of up to 99:1. Requiring no reducing agents, the protocol provides an easy, alternative route for the synthesis of chiral alcohols. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds via a Ru‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogen autotransfer process in concert with a base‐promoted allylic alcohol isomerization.
N‐Doping of Polyaromatic Capsules: Small Cavity Modification Leads to Large Change in Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Dobashi Hiroki , Catti Lorenzo , Tanaka Yuya , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo gain insight into the host functions of a nanocavity encircled by both polyaromatic panels and heteroatoms, nitrogen‐doped polyaromatic capsules were successfully synthesized from metal ions and pyridine‐embedded, bent anthracene‐based ligands. The new capsules display unique host–guest interactions in the isolated cavities, which are distinct from those of the undoped analogues. Besides the inclusion of Ag+ ions, the large absorption change of fullerene C60 and altered emission of a BODIPY dimer are observed upon encapsulation by the present hosts. Moreover, the N‐doped capsule exhibits specific binding ability toward progesterone and methyltestosterone, known as a natural female and synthetic male hormone, respectively, in water.
N‐Trifluoromethyl Hydrazines, Indoles and Their Derivatives
Authors: Bouayad‐Gervais Samir , Scattolin Thomas , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReported herein is the first efficient strategy to synthesize a broad range of unsymmetrical N‐CF3 hydrazines, which served as platform to unlock numerous currently inaccessible derivatives, such as tri‐ and tetra‐substituted N‐CF3 hydrazines, hydrazones, sulfonyl hydrazines, and valuable N‐CF3 indoles. These compounds proved to be remarkably robust, being compatible with acids, bases, and a wide range of synthetic manipulations. The feasibility of RN(CF3)‐NH2 to function as a directing group in C−H functionalization is also showcased.
Regulating Charge Transfer of Lattice Oxygen in Single‐Atom‐Doped Titania for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yi Ding , Lu Fei , Zhang Fengchu , Liu Shoujie , Zhou Bo , Gao Denglei , Wang Xi , Yao Jiannian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts have attracted much attention. Reported herein is that regulating charge transfer of lattice oxygen atoms in serial single‐atom‐doped titania enables tunable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. First‐principles calculations disclose that the activity of lattice oxygen for the HER can be regularly promoted by substituting its nearest metal atom, and doping‐induced charge transfer plays an essential role. Besides, the realm of the charge transfer of the active site can be enlarged to the second nearest atom by creating oxygen vacancies, resulting in further optimization for the HER. Various single‐atom‐doped titania nanosheets were fabricated to validate the proposed model. Taking advantage of the localized charge transfer to the lattice atom is demonstrated to be feasible for realizing precise regulation of the electronic structures and thus catalytic activity of the nanosheets.
Resolving Sphingolipid Isomers Using Cryogenic Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kirschbaum Carla , Saied Essa M. , Greis Kim , Mucha Eike , Gewinner Sandy , Schöllkopf Wieland , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Blanksby Stephen J. , Arenz Christoph , Pagel Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract1‐Deoxysphingolipids are a recently described class of sphingolipids that have been shown to be associated with several disease states including diabetic and hereditary neuropathy. The identification and characterization of 1‐deoxysphingolipids and their metabolites is therefore highly important. However, exact structure determination requires a combination of sophisticated analytical techniques due to the presence of various isomers, such as ketone/alkenol isomers, carbon–carbon double‐bond (C=C) isomers and hydroxylation regioisomers. Here we demonstrate that cryogenic gas‐phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy of ionized 1‐deoxysphingolipids enables the identification and differentiation of isomers by their unique spectroscopic fingerprints. In particular, C=C bond positions and stereochemical configurations can be distinguished by specific interactions between the charged amine and the double bond. The results demonstrate the power of gas‐phase IR spectroscopy to overcome the challenge of isomer resolution in conventional mass spectrometry and pave the way for deeper analysis of the lipidome.
Deep Eutectic Supramolecular Polymers: Bulk Supramolecular Materials
Authors: Wu Shuanggen , Cai Changyong , Li Fenfang , Tan Zhijian , Dong Shengyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApplication of new strategies for supramolecular self‐assembly can significantly impact the properties and/or functions of supramolecular polymers. To realize a facial strategy for the development of solvent‐free supramolecular polymers in bulk, “deep eutectic solvents” were employed. Cyclodextrins and natural acids were used to prepare deep eutectic supramolecular polymers (DESPs). Deep eutectic solvents have special characteristics that endow DESPs with unique macroscopic properties and excellent processability. DESPs exhibit supramolecular adhesion and temperature‐dependent behavior originating from the combined effects of deep eutectic solvents and supramolecular polymerization. Because DESPs are solvent‐free and display interesting macroscopic properties, they have potential as new adaptive materials.
Chitosan nanoparticles help double‐stranded RNA escape from endosomes and improve RNA interference in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Gurusamy Dhandapani , Mogilicherla Kanakachari , Palli Subba R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technology for the development of next‐generation insect pest control products. Though RNAi is efficient and systemic in coleopteran insects, it is inefficient and variable in lepidopteron insects. In this study, we explored the possibility of improving RNAi in the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda by conjugating double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) with biodegradable chitosan (Chi). dsRNA conjugated with chitosan was protected from degradation by endonucleases present in Sf9 cell‐conditioned medium, hemolymph, and midgut lumen contents collected from the FAW larvae. Chi–dsRNA complexes showed reduced accumulation in the endosomes of Sf9 cells and FAW tissues. Exposing chitosan formulated dsRNA in Sf9 cells and the tissues induced a significant knockdown of endogenous genes. Chi–dsIAP fed to FAW larvae induced knockdown of iap gene, growth retardation, and mortality. Processing of dsRNA into small interfering RNA was detected with chitosan‐conjugated 32P‐UTP‐labeled ds green fluorescent protein in Sf9 cells and FAW larval tissues. Overall, these data suggest that dsRNA conjugated with chitosan helps dsRNA escape from the endosomes and improves RNAi efficiency in FAW cells and tissues.
Hydrophilic Conjugated Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Bai Yuanqing , Hu Zhicheng , Jiang Jia‐Xing , Huang Fei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen evolution is viewed as a promising green strategy to utilize the inexhaustible solar energy and provide clean hydrogen fuels with zero‐emission characteristic. The nature of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts is the key point to achieve efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Conjugated materials have been recently emerging as a novel class of photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic reactions due to their electronic properties can be well controlled via tailor‐made chemical structures. Hydrophilic conjugated materials, a subgroup of conjugated materials, possess multiple advantages for photocatalytic applications, thus spurring remarkable progress on both material realm and photocatalytic applications. This minireview aims to provide a brief review of the recent developments of hydrophilic conjugated polymers/small molecules for photocatalytic applications, and special concern on the rational molecular design and their impact on photocatalytic performance will be reviewed. Perspectives on the hydrophilic conjugated materials and challenges to their applications in the photocatalytic field are also presented.
Primary metabolites from overproducing microbial system using sustainable substrates
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh K. , Akhtar Nasim , Verma Malkhey , Imandi Sarat Babu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimary (or secondary) metabolites are produced by animals, plants, or microbial cell systems either intracellularly or extracellularly. Production capabilities of microbial cell systems for many types of primary metabolites have been exploited at a commercial scale. But the high production cost of metabolites is a big challenge for most of the bioprocess industries and commercial production needs to be achieved. This issue can be solved to some extent by screening and developing the engineered microbial systems via reconstruction of the genome‐scale metabolic model. The predicted genetic modification is applied for an increased flux in biosynthesis pathways toward the desired product. Wherein the resulting microbial strain is capable of converting a large amount of carbon substrate to the expected product with minimum by‐product formation in the optimal operating conditions. Metabolic engineering efforts have also resulted in significant improvement of metabolite yields, depending on the nature of the products, microbial cell factory modification, and the types of substrate used. The objective of this review is to comprehend the state of art for the production of various primary metabolites by microbial strains system, focusing on the selection of efficient strain and genetic or pathway modifications, applied during strain engineering.
Lithotripsy for peripheral artery disease: Encouraging immediate results…But show us the money!
Authors: Hering Dagmara , Heuser Richard R. 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Of adults, 12% have PAD, with nearly 30% older than 70 years with the disorder.
With obesity, diabetes mellitus, tobacco abuse, hypercholesterolemia, and poorly controlled hypertension, the incidence of PAD continues to increase.
Endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal disease has an alarmingly high rate of restenosis, even with new technology with target lesion revascularization rates at 40–60% at 1 year.
Intravascular lithotripsy appears to be safe and acutely effective, but there is no long‐term data on whether it has a role in effective treatment of PAD.
Diastolic dysfunction in severe aortic stenosis: Old but still gold
Authors: Perrino Cinzia , Esposito Giovanni 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
A simple, widely applicable and reproducible risk predictor may improve patient care, risk stratification, and clinical decision making for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (sAS) patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
Baseline severe left ventricular diastolic dysfunction identified by E/A ratio in sAS patients undergoing TAVI is associated with increased post‐procedural all‐cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization but is not an independent predictor of outcome.
Large studies employing multimodality imaging of cardiac function/structure and accounting for sex and comorbidities will be necessary to validate DD parameters (or their combination) in sAS patients undergoing TAVI.
Not to worry (most of the time)
Authors: Hagler Donald J. 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Most (87.6%) of residual atrial L‐R shunts after Gore Cardioform septal occluder implant disappear by 12 months.
Residual leaks at implantation were more common in larger defects with smaller retro‐aortic rims, and multiple fenestrations.
While most residual defects close in 12 months, we unfortunately do not yet have a clear idea why or which of the 13% do not close.