bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute Paleointensity Study of Miocene Tiva Canyon Tuff, Yucca Mountain, Nevada: Role of Fine‐Particle Grain‐Size Variations
Authors: Abdulghafur F. , Bowles J. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFine‐grained, Ti‐poor titanomagnetite in the ~12.7 Ma Tiva Canyon (TC) Tuff systematically increases in grain size from superparamagnetic (SP) at the flow base to single domain (SD) at a few meters height. This allows us to examine the role of grain‐size variation on paleointensity, within the transition from SP to stable SD. We present magnetic properties from two previously unreported sections of the TC Tuff, as well as Thellier‐type paleointensity estimates from the lowermost ~7.0 m of the flow. Magnetic hysteresis, frequency‐dependent susceptibility, and thermomagnetic data show that sample grain‐size distribution is dominated by SP in the lower ~3.6 m, transitioning upwards to mostly stable SD. Paleointensity results are closely tied to stratigraphic height and to magnetic properties linked to domain state. SD samples have consistent absolute paleointensity values of 28.5 ± 1.94 μT (VADM of 51.3 ZAm2) and behaved ideally during paleointensity experiments. The samples including a significant SP fraction have consistently higher paleointensities and less ideal behavior but would likely pass many traditional quality‐control tests. We interpret the SD remanence to be a primary thermal remanent magnetization but discuss the possibility of a partial thermal‐chemical remanent magnetization if microcrystal growth continued at T < Tc and/or the section is affected by post‐emplacement vapor‐phase alteration. The link between paleointensity and domain state is stronger than correlations with water content or other evidence of alteration and suggests that the presence of a significant SP population may adversely impact paleointensity results, even in the presence of a stable SD fraction.
Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity Estimated by Equilibrating Climate Models
Authors: Rugenstein Maria , Bloch‐Johnson Jonah , Gregory Jonathan , Andrews Timothy , Mauritsen Thorsten , Li Chao , Frölicher Thomas L. , Paynter David , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Yang Shuting , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Cao Long , Schmidt Gavin A. , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Geoffroy Olivier , Knutti Reto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe methods to quantify equilibrium climate sensitivity are still debated. We collect millennial‐length simulations of coupled climate models and show that the global mean equilibrium warming is higher than those obtained using extrapolation methods from shorter simulations. Specifically, 27 simulations with 15 climate models forced with a range of CO2 concentrations show a median 17% larger equilibrium warming than estimated from the first 150 years of the simulations. The spatial patterns of radiative feedbacks change continuously, in most regions reducing their tendency to stabilizing the climate. In the equatorial Pacific, however, feedbacks become more stabilizing with time. The global feedback evolution is initially dominated by the tropics, with eventual substantial contributions from the mid‐latitudes. Time‐dependent feedbacks underscore the need of a measure of climate sensitivity that accounts for the degree of equilibration, so that models, observations, and paleo proxies can be adequately compared and aggregated to estimate future warming.
Topographic Evolution of Von Kármán Crater Revealed by the Lunar Rover Yutu‐2
Authors: Di Kaichang , Zhu Meng‐Hua , Yue Zongyu , Lin Yangting , Wan Wenhui , Liu Zhaoqin , Gou Sheng , Liu Bin , Peng Man , Wang Yexin , Niu Shengli , Zhang Jinhai , Li Jian , Xie Jianfeng , Xi Luhua , Yang Jianfeng , Xue Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChang'e‐4 (CE‐4) achieved the first farside landing in Von Kármán crater. In the landing site, linear features have been identified previously from SLDEM and considered to be ejecta from the neighboring Finsen crater. The 5 cm grid spacing digital elevation model of the landing site, generated from the rover's panoramic images, provides more details of the rugged terrain. We further interpret the superimposition of NE‐SW ejecta from Finsen crater on the underlying SE‐NW dome‐like surface relief from Alder crater. The landing site is ~70 m higher than the mare basalts within Von Kármán crater. Numerical simulations predict ~30 and ~35 m ejecta deposited at the landing site from Finsen and Alder craters, respectively. The good agreement between the digital elevation model data and ejecta predicted thickness reveals the topographic evolution of Von Kármán crater, indicating that the rover‐measured material is excavated from Finsen crater with possible contributions from Alder crater.
Heterogeneity in Hyporheic Flow, Pore Water Chemistry, and Microbial Community Composition in an Alpine Streambed
Authors: Nelson Amelia R. , Sawyer Audrey H. , Gabor Rachel S. , Saup Casey M. , Bryant Savannah R. , Harris Kira D. , Briggs Martin A. , Williams Kenneth H. , Wilkins Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe hyporheic zone, where surface water and groundwater mix, is an important microbial habitat where biogeochemical reactions influence water quality. We show that spatial variability in hyporheic flow in the East River near Crested Butte, CO, drives heterogeneity in streambed geochemical conditions and microbial community assemblages, but the diversity of microbial assemblages remains nearly constant throughout the reach. In July 2018, we collected approximately 100 pore water samples at 20‐cm depth and analyzed them for anions, cations, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality, and basic water quality parameters. Vertical hydraulic head gradients were also measured to assess the potential for upward or downward flow, and heat tracing was used to quantify vertical flux rates at a subset of locations. We found that regions of the streambed that are more groundwater‐dominated contain less dissolved oxygen, higher concentrations of reduced metals, and more microbially processed, recalcitrant DOM, while more surface water‐dominated locations contain higher dissolved oxygen concentrations and terrestrially derived, labile DOM. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of extracted DNA revealed that microbial community composition varies with geochemical gradients related to hyporheic flow. These findings provide a better understanding of hyporheic controls on streambed biogeochemistry during the baseflow season, which is expected to lengthen with climate change in alpine watersheds due to earlier snowmelt onset and reduced snowpack.
TRIP13 promotes the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of glioblastoma through the FBXW7/c-MYC axis
Authors: Zhang Guanghui , Zhu Qingzong , Fu Gang , Hou Jianbing , Hu Xiaosong , Cao Jiangjun , Peng Wen , Wang Xiaowen , Chen Fei , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) is an AAA + ATPase that plays an important role in the mitotic checkpoint. TRIP13 is highly expressed in various human tumours and promotes tumorigenesis. However, the biological effect of TRIP13 in GBM cells remains unclear.

Methods
We generated GBM cell models with overexpressed or silenced TRIP13 via lentivirus-mediated overexpression and RNAi methods. The biological role of TRIP13 in the proliferation, migration and invasion of GBM cells has been further explored.

Results
Our research indicated that TRIP13 was highly expressed in GBM tissues and cells. We found that the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were inhibited in TRIP13-knockdown GBM cells. These results indicated that TRIP13 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of GBM. Moreover, we found that TRIP13 first stabilised c-MYC by inhibiting the transcription of FBXW7, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of c-MYC, by directly binding to the promoter region of FBXW7. Therefore, our study indicated that the TRIP13/FBXW7/c-MYC pathway might provide a prospective therapeutic target in the treatment of GBM.

Conclusions
These results indicated that TRIP13 plays an oncogenic role in GBM. The TRIP13/FBXW7/c-MYC pathway might act as a prospective therapeutic target for GBM patients.
Highly efficient multiplex human T cell engineering without double-strand breaks using Cas9 base editors
Authors: Webber Beau R. , Lonetree Cara-lin , Kluesner Mitchell G. , Johnson Matthew J. , Pomeroy Emily J. , Diers Miechaleen D. , Lahr Walker S. , Draper Garrett M. , Slipek Nicholas J. , Smeester Branden A. , Lovendahl Klaus N. , McElroy Amber N. , Gordon Wendy R. , Osborn Mark J. , Moriarity Branden S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe fusion of genome engineering and adoptive cellular therapy holds immense promise for the treatment of genetic disease and cancer. Multiplex genome engineering using targeted nucleases can be used to increase the efficacy and broaden the application of such therapies but carries safety risks associated with unintended genomic alterations and genotoxicity. Here, we apply base editor technology for multiplex gene modification in primary human T cells in support of an allogeneic CAR-T platform and demonstrate that base editor can mediate highly efficient multiplex gene disruption with minimal double-strand break induction. Importantly, multiplex base edited T cells exhibit improved expansion and lack double strand break-induced translocations observed in T cells edited with Cas9 nuclease. Our findings highlight base editor as a powerful platform for genetic modification of therapeutically relevant primary cell types.
A LONELY GUY protein of Bordetella pertussis with unique features is related to oxidative stress
Authors: Moramarco Filippo , Pezzicoli Alfredo , Salvini Laura , Leuzzi Rosanna , Pansegrau Werner , Balducci Enrico 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Gram-negative bacterium B. pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough. This infection is re-emerging and new features related to Bordetella pathogenesis and microbiology could be relevant to defeat it. Therefore, we focused our attention on BP1253, a predicted exported protein from B. pertussis erroneously classified as lysine decarboxylase. We showed that BP1253 shares the highly conserved motif PGGxGTxxE and the key catalytic amino-acid residues with newly structurally characterized “LONELY GUY” (LOG) proteins. Biochemical studies have confirmed that this protein functions as a cytokinin-activating enzyme since it cleaves the N-glycosidic linkage between the base and the ribose, leading to the formation of free bases, which are the active form of plant hormones called cytokinins. Remarkably, BP1253 selectively binds monophosphate nucleotides such as AMP, GMP and CMP, showing a wider variety in binding capacity compared to other LOGs. Cytokinin production studies performed with B. pertussis have revealed 6-O-methylguanine to be the physiological product of BP1253 in agreement with the higher activity of the enzyme towards GMP. 6-O-methylguanine is likely to be responsible for the increased sensitivity of B. pertussis to oxidative stress. Although BP1253 has a primary sequence resembling the hexameric type-II LOGs, the dimeric state and the presence of specific amino-acids suggests that BP1253 can be classified as a novel type-II LOG. The discovery of a LOG along with its product 6-O-methylguanine in the human pathogen B. pertussis may lead to the discovery of unexplored functions of LOGs, broadening their role beyond plants.
DDR1 autophosphorylation is a result of aggregation into dense clusters
Authors: Corcoran David S. , Juskaite Victoria , Xu Yuewei , Görlitz Frederik , Alexandrov Yuriy , Dunsby Christopher , French Paul M. W. , Leitinger Birgit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe collagen receptor DDR1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes progression of a wide range of human disorders. Little is known about how ligand binding triggers DDR1 kinase activity. We previously reported that collagen induces DDR1 activation through lateral dimer association and phosphorylation between dimers, a process that requires specific transmembrane association. Here we demonstrate ligand-induced DDR1 clustering by widefield and super-resolution imaging and provide evidence for a mechanism whereby DDR1 kinase activity is determined by its molecular density. Ligand binding resulted in initial DDR1 reorganisation into morphologically distinct clusters with unphosphorylated DDR1. Further compaction over time led to clusters with highly aggregated and phosphorylated DDR1. Ligand-induced DDR1 clustering was abolished by transmembrane mutations but did not require kinase activity. Our results significantly advance our understanding of the molecular events underpinning ligand-induced DDR1 kinase activity and provide an explanation for the unusually slow DDR1 activation kinetics.
Xiphosurid from the Tournaisian (Carboniferous) of Scotland confirms deep origin of Limuloidea
Authors: Bicknell Russell D. C. , Pates Stephen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHorseshoe crabs are archetypal marine chelicerates with a fossil record extending from the Lower Ordovician to today. The major horseshoe crab groups are thought to have arisen in the middle to late Palaeozoic. Here we present the oldest known limuloid from the lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian stage, c. 350 million years ago) of Scotland: Albalimulus bottoni gen. et sp. nov. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of A. bottoni as a representative of the extant family Limulidae and 100 million years older than any other limulid taxon. The use of geometric morphometric analyses corroborate the erection of the new taxon and illustrates the exploitation of morphospace by xiphosurids. This new taxon highlights the complex evolutionary history of xiphosurids and the importance of documenting these unique Palaeozoic individuals.
Water hydrogen uptake in biomolecules detected via nuclear magnetic phosphorescence
Authors: Sadet Aude , Stavarache Cristina , Teleanu Florin , Vasos Paul R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe introduce a new symmetry-based method for structural investigations of areas surrounding water-exchanging hydrogens in biomolecules by liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Native structures of peptides and proteins can be solved by NMR with fair resolution, with the notable exception of labile hydrogen sites. The reason why biomolecular structures often remain elusive around exchangeable protons is that the dynamics of their exchange with the solvent hampers the observation of their signals. The new spectroscopic method we report allows to locate water-originating hydrogens in peptides and proteins via their effect on nuclear magnetic transitions similar to electronic phosphorescence, long-lived coherences. The sign of long-lived coherences excited in coupled protons can be switched by the experimenter. The different effect of water-exchanging hydrogens on long-lived coherences with opposed signs allows to pinpoint the position of these labile hydrogen atoms in the molecular framework of peptides and proteins.
High-fat diet impairs cognitive function of zebrafish
Authors: Meguro Shinichi , Hosoi Sayaka , Hasumura Takahiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn unhealthy diet with excessive fat intake has often been claimed to induce not only obesity but also cognitive dysfunction in mammals; however, it is not known whether this is the case in zebrafish. Here, we investigated the effect of excessive fat in the diet on cognitive function and on gene expression in the telencephalon of zebrafish. Cognitive function, as measured by active avoidance test, was impaired by feeding of a high-fat diet compared with a control diet. In RNA sequencing analysis of the telencephalon, 97 genes were identified with a fold change in expression greater than 2 and a p-value less than 0.05 between the two diets. In quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the telencephalon, genes related to neuronal activity, anti-oxidative stress, blood–brain barrier function and amyloid-β degradation were found to be downregulated, whereas genes related to apoptosis and amyloid-β production were found to be upregulated, in the high-fat diet group, which are changes known to occur in mammals fed a high-fat diet. Collectively, these results are similar to those found in mammals, suggesting that zebrafish can serve as a suitable animal model in research into cognitive impairment induced by excessive fat in the diet.
Molecular Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Transport by l-Type Amino
Acid Transporter
Authors: Krause Gerd , Hinz Katrin Manuela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThyroid hormones (TH) pass through the plasma membrane into the target cells via
transporter proteins. Thyroid hormone transporters that have been identified
until now belong to two different solute carrier (SLC) subfamilies i) the major
facilitator superfamily (MFS) and ii) the amino acid polyamine-organocation
(APC) superfamily. Both are comprised by 12 transmembrane helices, however with
different structural topology. The TH transporter MCT8, MCT10 and OATP1C1 are
members of the MSF. The l-type amino acid transporters (LATs) are transporting
neutral amino acids across the membrane. Two LAT subtypes, LAT1 and LAT2 are
members of the APC superfamily, need the escort protein 4F2hc and facilitate
uptake but no efflux of TH-subtypes. Homology models of LAT2 that are based on
crystal structures of APC transporters guided mutagenesis, revealed molecular
structure-function determinants for recognition and transition for import and
export of TH-subtypes. The recently solved cryo-EM structure of LAT1 confirmed
the structural input. Two other LAT subtypes, LAT3 and LAT4 are members of the
MFS. From previous observed negative effect of LAT3 and LAT4 on 3,3’-T2
uptake by LAT1 and LAT2 it was indirectly concluded that LAT3 might export
3,3’-T2. There are still open questions that need to be addressed in
order to fully understand the molecular recognition pattern and traversing
mechanism of import and export of particular TH-subtypes by LAT1 and LAT2.
Moreover, clarification is needed whether LAT3 and LAT4 are exporting TH. Recent
new data could not verify the initial hypothesis of TH export by LAT3.
Therefore, further investigations are necessary to explain the negative effect
of LAT3 on the TH import by LAT2.
The microbiota regulates murine inflammatory responses to toxin-induced CNS demyelination but has minimal impact on remyelination
Authors: McMurran Christopher E. , Guzman de la Fuente Alerie , Penalva Rosana , Ben Menachem-Zidon Ofra , Dombrowski Yvonne , Falconer John , Gonzalez Ginez A. , Zhao Chao , Krause Fynn N. , Young Adam M. H. , Griffin Julian L. , Jones Clare A. , Hollins Claire , Heimesaat Markus M. , Fitzgerald Denise C. , Franklin Robin J. M. 
Published: November 2019

SignificancePeople with multiple sclerosis have a microbiota distinct from healthy controls, and there is growing interest in how these differences might contribute to the onset and progression of CNS autoimmunity. However, the impact that the microbiota may also have on the endogenous regeneration of myelin—remyelination—has not yet been explored. Here we show that inflammatory responses during remyelination depend upon the microbiota, being modulated by antibiotics or probiotics or in germ-free mice. In contrast, these interventions had minimal impact on the activity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, with only supratherapeutic doses of antibiotics having an inhibitory effect. Our results suggest that endogenous CNS remyelination is largely resilient to interventions that modify the microbiota.
Extraterrestrial ribose and other sugars in primitive meteorites
Authors: Furukawa Yoshihiro , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Ogawa Nanako O. , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P. , Abe Chiaki , Nakamura Tomoki 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Ribose is an essential sugar for present life as a building block of RNA, which could have both stored information and catalyzed reactions in primitive life on Earth. Meteorites contain a number of organic compounds including components of proteins and nucleic acids. Among the constituent molecular classes of proteins and nucleic acids (i.e., amino acids, nucleobases, phosphate, and ribose/deoxyribose), the presence of ribose and deoxyribose in space remains unclear. Here we provide evidence of extraterrestrial ribose and other bioessential sugars in primitive meteorites. Meteorites were carriers of prebiotic organic molecules to the early Earth; thus, the detection of extraterrestrial sugars in meteorites implies the possibility that extraterrestrial sugars may have contributed to forming functional biopolymers like RNA.
A nonlinear, geometric Hall effect without magnetic field
Authors: Schade Nicholas B. , Schuster David I. , Nagel Sidney R. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
We show that electric current flowing through a curved wire produces a transverse electric potential across the wire. The potential arises because a transverse electric field must accelerate the current radially to follow the curve. This is a geometric effect in which no magnetic field is present. This potential reflects the sign and density of the current-carrying charges, properties that are traditionally obtained by applying a magnetic field to measure the Hall voltage. We experimentally observe potentials in curved graphene wires that are as large as millivolts. Even straight wires exhibit transverse voltages of geometric origin due to tortuous current paths within the wires. Thus, this nonlinear transverse-potential measurement is a probe of current paths in conductors.
Exploring local meaning-making resources
Authors: Jiang Yaqian , Vásquez Camilla 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examines various combinations of visual and textual meaning-making resources in a popular Chinese meme.
The meme features an exogenous image – the grinning facial expression of a U.S. wrestler, D’Angelo Dinero – that has been
recontextualized into numerous other visual texts, to create semiotic ensembles with local meanings, which are then distributed
across Chinese social media platforms. We analyzed 60 of these image macros, and our findings show that local meanings are created
when Dinero’s facial expression is blended with visual references to Chinese digital culture, Chinese popular culture, Chinese
social class issues, Chinese politics, and Chinese institutions. The majority of textual elements in the image macros are Chinese;
however, the handful of examples that also include other languages typically involve multilingual wordplay and carnivalesque
themes. We argue that although the multivalency of the wrestlers’ facial expression invites interpretations of a wide range of
affective meanings, an overarching rebellious or transgressive stance is consistent across individual texts.