bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and dental caries in US adults
Authors: Zhou Fangjing , Zhou Yang , Shi Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated whether 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration is independently associated with dental caries among adults in the United States.Subjects and MethodsThis investigation was a cross‐sectional study. A total of 4,244 participants (aged 20–80 years) were enrolled through the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D was categorized into four groups based on previous studies: normal (≥75 nmol/ml), insufficient (50–74.9 nmol/ml), deficient (25–49.9 nmol/ml), and severely deficient (<25 nmol/ml). The dependent and independent variables included dental caries and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, respectively. The data were analyzed using univariate analyses, multivariable‐adjusted analyses, and subgroup analyses.ResultsThe fully adjusted model showed that 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were negatively associated with dental caries after adjusting for the confounders (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98). Compared with the normal group, the likelihood of dental caries was 2.48, 1.29, and 1.43 times higher in the severely deficient, deficient, and insufficient groups, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels are significantly associated with the occurrence of dental caries among US adults.
The architecture of organizations as missed opportunity in political research
Authors: Döhler Marian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFew scholars in political science or public administration deny that organization matters. However, the rare application of an organizational perspective in research suggests otherwise. To revive the awareness of organizations as unit or level of analysis, attributed and generic properties are distinguished. Attributed properties, which dominate research, assign functions and patterns of behaviour to an organization. In contrast, generic properties refer to the constitutive elements of organizations that take effect before attributed properties. This article takes a closer look at four generic properties by examining their often‐implicit use in current political science and public administration research. The aim is to demonstrate that the formal dimension, the goals, the expertise of personnel and organizational boundaries exert an independent influence on the output of political or public sector organizations.
High level accumulation of EPA and DHA in field‐grown transgenic Camelina – a multi‐territory evaluation of TAG accumulation and heterogeneity
Authors: Han Lihua , Usher Sarah , Sandgrind Sjur , Hassall Kirsty , Sayanova Olga , Michaelson Louise V. , Haslam Richard P. , Napier Johnathan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe transgene‐directed accumulation of non‐native omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil of Camelina sativa (Camelina) was evaluated in the field, in distinct geographical and regulatory locations. A construct, DHA2015.1, containing an optimal combination of biosynthetic genes, was selected for experimental field release in the UK, USA and Canada, and the accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) determined. The occurrence of these fatty acids in different triacylglycerol species was monitored and found to follow a broad trend irrespective of the agricultural environment. This is a clear demonstration of the stability and robust nature of the transgenic trait for omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in Camelina. Examination of non‐seed tissues for the unintended accumulation of EPA and DHA failed to identify their presence in leaf, stem, flower, anther or capsule shell material, confirming the seed‐specific accumulation of these novel fatty acids. Collectively, these data confirm the promise of GM plant‐based sources of so‐called omega‐3 fish oils as a sustainable replacement for oceanically derived oils.
Promoting physical activity through walking to treat childhood obesity, mainly for mild to moderate obesity
Authors: Yoshinaga Masao , Miyazaki Ayumi , Aoki Machiko , Ogata Hiromitsu , Ito Yoshiya , Hamajima Takashi , Tokuda Masakuni , Lin Lisheng , Horigome Hitoshi , Takahashi Hideto , Nagashima Masami 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are no randomized controlled trials examining the effect of walking on childhood obesity.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted between August 2014 and April 2015 in Japan. Elementary school children aged 6 to 12 years with a percentage overweight (%OW) of ≥20% were recruited. One hundred and ninety children wanted to participate in the program, and all were accepted. After viewing a video that promoted physical activity through walking, participants were randomly assigned to three groups: walking (≥10 000 steps on school holidays), limiting screen time (<90 min on weekdays and <150 min on school holidays), and a control group (no intervention). The primary outcome was a decrease in %OW after 3 months’ intervention. Per protocol analysis was performed using 156 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of a %OW ≥20%.ResultsThe mean %OW was 35 ± 7% before intervention. The mean reduction in %OW after intervention in the walking (n = 59), limiting ST (n = 46), and control (n = 51) groups were −4.06 ± 4.84, −1.97 ± 4.62, and −1.81 ± 3.64 percentage points, respectively. Reduction in %OW was significantly larger in the walking group than in the control group: adjusted mean difference, −2.18 percentage points (95% confidence interval, −3.85 to −0.52), P = 0.002. The intervention in children also had favorable effects on the lifestyles of their parents. The intention‐to‐treat analysis of all 190 participants showed comparable results.ConclusionPromoting physical activity through walking on school holidays may be an additional strategy for treating elementary school children with obesity.
The Parent Play Questionnaire: Development of a parent questionnaire to assess parent–child play and digital media use
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Yasmin I. , Lester Kathryn J. , Oliver Bonamy R. , McAdams Tom A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce the Parent Play Questionnaire (PPQ), a parent‐report measure designed to assess frequency of parent–infant play, parents’ attitudes towards play with their infant, and infants’ use of digital media. We describe measure development and empirical data across three samples of parent–infant dyads (total N = 414, offspring aged 0.3–2.5 years). Three latent factors explain the PPQ, corresponding with theoretically defined subscales. Summary scores showed good internal consistency and normally distributed results. Weak to moderate correlations were found between the frequency and attitude play scales, and with standardized measures of family social and emotional characteristics. Overall, frequency of digital media use was not correlated with play or broader family variables. Results suggest that the PPQ will be a useful tool for researchers interested in assessing parent–child play during early childhood.
Biological behaviour and clinical outcome in 42 cats with sarcoids (cutaneous fibropapillomas)
Authors: Wood Christopher J. , Selmic Laura E. , Schlag Ariel N. , Bacmeister Cynthia , Séguin Bernard , Culp William T. N. , Ayres Sara A. , Sumner Julia P. , Byer Brittney , Mayer Ursula K. , Liptak Julius M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFeline sarcoids (or cutaneous fibropapillomas) are rare dermal neoplasms. There are currently no reported statistics concerning their clinical behaviour. Our objective with this retrospective, multi‐institutional study was to describe the clinical presentation and biological behaviour of sarcoids in cats and to determine the oncologic outcome following surgical resection. Medical records from a laboratory database and six contributing institutions were searched to identify cats with histologically confirmed sarcoids. Forty‐two cats were included in the study. The majority of sarcoids occurred on the face, particularly rostral locations such as the lips and nasal planum. Complete and incomplete histologic excision was achieved in 18 and 21 cats, respectively. The overall local recurrence rate was 40.5%. Complete histologic excision was associated with a significantly lower local recurrence rate (11.1%) and longer disease‐free interval (not reached) compared with cats with incompletely excised sarcoids (66.7% and 250 days, respectively). The 1‐ and 2‐year local recurrence rates were 0% and 7%, respectively, for cats with complete histologic excision, and 67% at both time intervals for cats with incomplete histologic excision. Five of the cats (83.3%) treated with curative‐intent surgical revision following local tumour recurrence had no further local recurrence. All cats that died secondary to tumour‐related causes had initial incomplete histologic excision and were euthanized because of local recurrence. Wide surgical resection of feline sarcoids is recommended to achieve complete histologic excision, local tumour control and a potential cure. For cats with incomplete histologic excision or local tumour recurrence, repeat surgical resection is recommended.
Aliphatic hydrocarbon biomarkers of Sekar Kurung Gresik crude oil
Authors: Nirmala Dyah , Burhan R.Y.Perry , Suprapto Suprapto , Zetra Yulfi 
Published: April 2020

Characterization of petroleum biomarker from Sekar Kurung Gresik, was carried out to investigate its organic composition, depositional environment and oil maturity. The oil sample was extracted and fractionated using column chromatography to derive aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction. The aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis shows that n-alkanes compound (C14-C28), isoprenoid alkanes (iC15 iC16 and iC18-iC20), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, eudesmane, cadinane, hopane, bicadinane, gammacerane and diasterane were observed. The identified compounds show that the crude oil compounds were derived from terrestrial higher plants, the contribution of bacterial activity and the oxic deposition environment (Pr/Ph = 5.3 (<1)). The oil analyzed is a mature oil.
Impact of communication delay on distributed load frequency control (dis-LFC) in multi-area power system (MAPS)
Authors: Imam Auwal Mustapha , Chaudhary Kashif , Kunya Abdullahi Bala , Rizvi Zuhaib , Ali Jalil 
Published: April 2020

AIn this paper, impact of communication delay on distributed load frequency control (dis-LFC) of multi-area interconnected power system (MAIPS) is investigated. Load frequency control (LFC), as one of ancillary services, is aimed at maintaining system frequency and inter-area tie-line power close to the scheduled values, by load reference set-point manipulation and consideration of the system constraints. Centralized LFC (cen-LFC) requires inherent communication bandwidth limitations, stability and computational complexity, as such, it is not a good technique for the control of large-scale and geographically wide power systems. To decrease the system dimensionality and increase performance efficiency, distributed and decentralized control techniques are adopted. In distributed LFC (dis-LFC) of MAIPS, each control area (CA) is equipped with a local controller and are made to exchange their control actions by communication with controllers in the neighboring areas. The delay in this communication can affect the performance of the LFC scheme and in a worst case deteriorates power system stability. To investigate the impact of this delay, model predictive controller (MPC) is employed in the presence of constraints and external disturbances to serve as LFC tracking control. The scheme discretizes the system and solves an on-line optimization at each time sample. The system is subjected to communication delay between the CAs, and the response to the step load perturbation with and without the delay. Time-based simulations were used on a three-area MAIPS in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment to verify the investigations. The overshoot and settling time in the results reveals deterioration of the control performance with delay. Also, the dis-LFC led to zero steady states errors for frequency deviations and enhanced the MAIPS’ performance. With this achievement, MPC proved its constraints handling capability, online rolling optimization and ability to predict future behavior of systems.
Study of microstructure modification on La0.7Sr0.3Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF 7328) asymmetric flat membrane
Authors: Nurherdiana Silvana Dwi , Khoiroh Naimatul , Ilham Ahyudia Malisa , Iqbal Rendy Muhamad , Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Fansuri Hamzah 
Published: April 2020

The LSCF 7328 (La0.7Sr0.3Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) asymmetric flat membranes were successfully prepared via a phase-inversion method followed by sintering at 1200 °C. In this study, a variety of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGs) as the pore-forming agent, with 3 wt% composition and a wide ranges of molecular weight (Mw) (200 to 8000 Da) were used to tests its’ effect to the properties of LSCF membranes. The results show that the PEGs, as additives, were able to modify the pore morphology and mechanical properties of the LSCF 7328 membrane. The morphological evidence from SEM images showed that the LSCF membranes have an asymmetric configuration, comprised of sponge-like and finger-like pores which are integrated with a dense layer. The variation in average pore size is clearly seen, starting from 13.00 to 135.33 μm, following the increase in PEGs molecular weight. The LSCF membranes which were prepared using PEG additive have higher hardness (1.2 – 13.6 Hv) than the membrane with no PEG (0.2 Hv). In contrast, the porosity and pore volume of the membranes decrease with the increase of PEGs molecular weight. The decrease might be due to the formation of various closed macro-voids as the molecular weight of PEGs increases. Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient of the membrane with different PEGs molecular weight (ie. 400, 600, 4000 and 6000) Da posses no significant different, i.e. around 16 x 10-6 °C-1, although the membrane showed different morphology and mechanical properties.
Presynaptic development is controlled by the core active zone proteins CAST/ELKS
Authors: Radulovic Tamara , Dong Wei , Goral R. Oliver , Thomas Connon I. , Veeraraghavan Priyadharishini , Montesinos Monica Suarez , Guerrero‐Given Debbie , Goff Kevin , Lübbert Matthias , Kamasawa Naomi , Ohtsuka Toshihisa , Young Samuel M. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
CAST/ELKS are positive regulators of presynaptic growth and are suppressors of active zone expansion at the developing mouse calyx of Held.
CAST/ELKS regulate all three CaV2 subtype channel levels in the presynaptic terminal and not just CaV2.1.
The half‐life of ELKS is on the timescale of days and not weeks.
Synaptic transmission was not impacted by the loss of CAST/ELKS.
CAST/ELKS are involved in pathways regulating morphological properties of presynaptic terminals during an early stage of circuit maturation.

AbstractMany presynaptic active zone (AZ) proteins have multiple regulatory roles that vary during distinct stages of neuronal circuit development. The CAST/ELKS protein family are evolutionarily conserved presynaptic AZ molecules that regulate presynaptic calcium channels, synaptic transmission and plasticity in the mammalian CNS. However, how these proteins regulate synapse development and presynaptic function in a developing neuronal circuit in its native environment is unclear. To unravel the roles of CAST/ELKS in glutamatergic synapse development and in presynaptic function, we used CAST knockout (KO) and ELKS conditional KO (CKO) mice to examine how their loss during the early stages of circuit maturation impacted the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal development and function. Morphological analysis from confocal z‐stacks revealed that combined deletion of CAST/ELKS resulted in a reduction in the surface area and volume of the calyx. Analysis of AZ ultrastructure showed that AZ size was increased in the absence of CAST/ELKS. Patch clamp recordings demonstrated a reduction of all presynaptic CaV2 channel subtype currents that correlated with a loss in presynaptic CaV2 channel numbers. However, these changes did not impair synaptic transmission and plasticity and synaptic vesicle release kinetics. We conclude that CAST/ELKS proteins are positive regulators of presynaptic growth and are suppressors of AZ expansion and CaV2 subtype currents and levels during calyx of Held development. We propose that CAST/ELKS are involved in pathways regulating presynaptic morphological properties and CaV2 channel subtypes and suggest there is developmental compensation to preserve synaptic transmission during early stages of neuronal circuit maturation.
An Improved Test Method of LiFePO4/Graphene Hybrid Cathode Lithium-Ion Battery and the State of Charge Estimation
Authors: Li Meiying , Guo Zhiping , Li Yuan , Wu Wenliang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The state of charge (SoC) of the battery is a typical characterization of the operating state of the battery and criterion for the battery management system (BMS) control strategy, which must be evaluated precisely. The establishment of an accurate algorithm of SoC estimation is of great significance for BMS, which can help the driver judge the endurance mileage of electric vehicle (EV) correctly. In this paper, a second-order resistor-capacity (RC) equivalent circuit model is selected to characterize the electrical characteristics based on the electrochemical model of the LiFePO4/graphene (LFP/G) hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery. Moreover, seven open circuit voltage (OCV) models are compared and the best one of them is used to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the battery. It is worth mentioning that an improved test method is proposed, which is combined with least square for parameters identification. In addition, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is selected to estimate the SoC during the charging and discharging processes. The simulation results show that the EKF algorithm has the higher accuracy and rapidity than the KF algorithm.
A Computational Comparative Study of the Lithium Diffusion in Amorphous Silicon Spheres, Rods, and Circular Disks
Authors: Le Minh-Quy , Nguyen Huu-Tu , Bui Thanh-Lam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We study through extensive finite element analysis the lithium diffusion in small elements of Si anodes under the forms of spheres, rods, and circular disks for Li-ion batteries. Elastoplastic properties of the amorphous silicon are assumed to be lithium concentration-dependent. Effects of the normalized flux of Li-ions on the lithium concentrations, stresses, and total equivalent plastic strains are considered. Effects of the disk's thickness are also included. At a given normalized flux, the heterogeneity of the lithiation, stresses, and plastic deformation increases in the order: disk, sphere, and rod. The thinner disk the better performance is. Below a critical value of the normalized flux of Li-ions, silicon spheres and disks exhibit linear elasticity and homogeneous distribution of Li-ions, whereas silicon rods undergo always plastic deformation after lithiation. When the radii of these three structures are smaller than several micrometers and the normalized flux is taken as 95% of their critical value, the charge time falls in the range from minutes to several hours. Our findings will help to optimize the charge and geometrical parameters for silicon anodes.
Organic Rankine Cycle Optimization With Explicit Designs of Evaporator and Radial Inflow Turbine
Authors: Bekiloğlu Hasan Eren , Bedir Hasan , Anlaş Günay 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although there are studies on optimizing organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) through individual components, in this study, for the first time, both evaporator and turbine designs are included in a multiobjective optimization. Twenty-eight working fluids are used to find optimum cycle parameters for three source temperatures (90, 120, and 150 °C). A mean-line radial inflow turbine model is used. Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II is utilized to minimize total evaporator area per net power output and maximize performance factor simultaneously. The technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (TOPSIS) procedure is followed to obtain ideal solutions. A group of working fluids with highest net power output is determined for each heat source temperature. Optimized geometric parameters of the evaporator vary in a narrow range independent of the working fluid and the source temperature, but evaporator PPTD and degree of superheating depend on the working fluid. The specific speed, the pressure ratio through the turbine, and the nozzle inlet-to-outlet radius ratio do not change significantly with cycle conditions.
Monitoring Polymer-Enhanced Foam Displacements Through Heterogeneous Porous Media: A Pore-Scale Study
Authors: Ardakani Alireza Ghaderi , Mohammadi Alamooti Amir Hossein , Rasaei Mohammad Reza , Javadi Aliyar , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein , Davarzani Hossein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, fundamental understanding of phase displacements involved in polymer-enhanced air foam is investigated which was not well discussed in the available literature. To do this, a series of foam injection experiments were performed on heterogeneous rock-look-alike micromodels in the presence and absence of a single fracture. The models were initially saturated with crude oil and experienced post polymer-enhanced foam injection process. We observed for the first time the mechanism of synergetic upstream snap-off and lamella division in the vicinity of the area where the permeability contrast was obvious. Observations showed two opposite effects of oil emulsioning and bubble coalescence when gas bubbles came in contact with oil in pore bodies. Fractal dimension analysis of front polymer-enhanced foam illustrates a noticeable improvement in oil displacement. Primary enhanced foam injection to oil saturated micromodel causes bubble coarsening which leads to less efficient oil displacement process. The lower the polymer concentration, the less stable the foam; consequently, the less efficient oil displacement is observed. Lower viscosity oil results in lower recovery efficiency as the stability of foam decreases. To shed light on the dynamic behavior of polymer–surfactant interface, some dynamic surface tension tests were conducted. Results showed that repellency between surfactant and polymer molecules causes surfactant molecules to be present on the surface making the initial dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) decrease. Results of this work help to better understand how polymer could enhance the efficiency of foam floods in heterogeneous systems.