bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colour semantics in residential interior architecture on different interior types
Authors: Ulusoy Begüm , Olguntürk Nilgün , Aslanoğlu Rengin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractColour meaning is a challenging decision in interior architecture during the design process; however, specific meanings within different interior types have not yet been investigated. This study explored colour meaning in the context of residential interior types (eg, bedroom) under controlled conditions using 42 Munsell colours varying in hues, value, and chroma levels, with 14 adjectives (eg, comfortable, pleasant). The results demonstrate that some colours convey the same meanings (eg, vulgar) regardless of type of room; however, others (eg, beautiful) tend to require more complicated and sophisticated colour applications in different residential interiors. The study findings proved that colour meaning in RITs can be affected by all colour attributes. All colours that are named orange and red are selected for both negative and positive meanings. Colours that are named purple are selected less and only for negative connotations. The findings present an overall colour meaning guide for these residential interior types, which will be beneficial for decision makers (interior architects, designers, users) and colour researchers.
The role of replication studies in ecology
Authors: Fraser Hannah , Barnett Ashley , Parker Timothy H. , Fidler Fiona 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent large‐scale projects in other disciplines have shown that results often fail to replicate when studies are repeated. The conditions contributing to this problem are also present in ecology, but there have not been any equivalent replication projects. Here, we survey ecologists' understanding of and opinions about replication studies. The majority of ecologists in our sample considered replication studies to be important (97%), not prevalent enough (91%), worth funding even given limited resources (61%), and suitable for publication in all journals (62%). However, there is a disconnect between this enthusiasm and the prevalence of direct replication studies in the literature which is much lower (0.023%: Kelly 2019) than our participants' median estimate of 10%. This may be explained by the obstacles our participants identified including the difficulty of conducting replication studies and of funding and publishing them. We conclude by offering suggestions for how replications could be better integrated into ecological research.
A route to decreasing N pollution from livestock: Use of Festulolium hybrids improves efficiency of N flows in rumen simulation fermenters
Authors: Kamau Stephen , Belanche Alejandro , Davies Teri , Rees Stevens Pauline , Humphreys Mike , Kingston‐Smith Alison H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRuminant agriculture suffers from inefficient capture of forage protein and consequential release of N pollutants to land. This is due to proteolysis in the rumen catalyzed by both microbial but initially endogenous plant proteases. Plant breeding‐based solutions are sought to minimize these negative environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to perform an integrated study of rumen N metabolism using semi‐continuous rumen simulation fermenters (Rusitec) to explore the extent to which swards containing Festulolium populations (interspecific hybrids between Lolium and Festuca grass species) with decreased rates of endogenous protein degradation conferred advantageous protein utilization in comparison with a National Listed perennial ryegrass. An in vitro experiment was conducted using three Festulolium hybrids (Lolium perenne × Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens, LpFg; Lolium perenne × Festuca mairei, LpFm; and Lolium multiflorum × Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens, LmFg) and a Lolium perenne, Lp control. LpFm and LmFg demonstrated significantly lower plant‐mediated proteolysis than the control. Fresh forage was incubated in Rusitec with rumen fluid from four donor cows. Feed disappearance and production of gas, methane, and volatile fatty acids were similar across cultivars. Whereas no differences in microbial protein synthesis were noted across treatments during early fermentation (0–6 hr after feeding), an increased microbial N flow in LpFm (+30%) and LmFg hybrids (+41%) was observed during late fermentation (6–24 hr after feeding), with higher overall microbial N flows (+13.5% and + 20.2%, respectively) compared with the control (Lp). We propose an underpinning mechanism involving the partitioning of amino acid catabolism toward branched‐chain amino acids and microbial protein synthesis in grasses with slow plant‐mediated proteolysis instead of accumulation of rumen ammonia in grasses with fast plant‐mediated proteolysis. These observations indicate the potential of Festulolium hybrids with a slow plant‐mediated proteolysis trait to improve the efficiency of capture of forage protein and decrease the release of N pollutants onto the land.
White CsPbBr3: Characterizing the One‐Dimensional Cesium Lead Bromide Polymorph
Authors: Aebli Marcel , Benin Bogdan M. , McCall Kyle M. , Morad Viktoriia , Thöny Debora , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInorganic lead halide perovskites have gained immense scientific interest for optoelectronic applications. In this work, we present a one‐dimensional polymorph of cesium lead bromide (δ‐CsPbBr3) synthesized through a simple anion‐exchange reaction, wherein distorted edge‐sharing PbBr6 octahedra form 1D chains isolated by Cs ions. δ‐CsPbBr3 was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, 207Pb and 133Cs solid‐state NMR, and by optical emission and absorption spectroscopies. This non‐perovskite material irreversibly transforms into the well‐known three‐dimensional perovskite phase (γ‐CsPbBr3) upon heating to above 151 °C. The indirect bandgap was determined by absorption measurements and calculation to be 2.9 eV. δ‐CsPbBr3 exhibits broadband yellow photoluminescence with a quantum yield of 3.2 %±0.2 % at room temperature and 95 %±5 % at 77 K, and this emission is attributed to the recombination of self‐trapped excitons. This study emphasizes that the metastable δ‐CsPbBr3 may be a persistent, concomitant phase in Cs−Pb‐Br‐containing materials systems, such as those used in solar cells and LEDs, and it showcases the characterization tools used for its detection.
Fuzzy clustering‐based image segmentation techniques used to segment magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography scan brain tissues: Comparative analysis
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Sharma Prakul , Palmia Ankur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMedical images are obtained with computer‐aided diagnosis using electronic devices such as CT scanners and MRI machines. The captured computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images typically have limited spatial resolution, low contrast, noise and nonuniform variability in intensity due to environmental effects. Therefore, the distinctions of the objects are blurred, distorted and the meanings of the objects are not quite precise. Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic are best suited for addressing vagueness and ambiguity. Fuzzy clustering technique has been commonly used for segmentation of images throughout the last decade. This study presents a comparative study of 14 fuzzy‐clustered image segmentation algorithms used in the CT scan and MRI brain image segments. This study used 17 data sets including 4 synthetic data sets, namely, Bensaid, Diamond, Square, and its noisy version, 5 real‐world digital images, and 8 CT scan/MRI brain images to analyze the algorithms. Ground truth images are used for qualitative analysis. Apart from the qualitative analysis, the study also quantitatively evaluated the methods using three validity metrics, namely, partition coefficient, partition entropy, and Fukuyama‐Sugeno. After a thorough and careful review of the results, it is observed that extension of the fuzzy C‐means (EFCM) outperformed every other image segmentation algorithm, even in a noisy environment, followed by kernel‐based FCM σ, the output of which is also very good after EFCM.
A cross‐sectional survey of U.S. hospital pharmacy leaders on departmental initiatives to address burnout
Authors: Bilhimer Matt , Acquisto Nicole M. , Slocum Giles W. , Cocchio Craig , Groth Meghan , Rozycki Elizabeth , Sturgill Marc , Weant Kyle , Bridgeman Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionBurnout syndrome prevalence among hospital experience is increasingly described; however, no data explain how United States (U.S.) hospital pharmacy departments are addressing it.ObjectivesThis survey study sought to detect what strategies have been taken to prevent or address burnout.MethodsA customized, 19‐question descriptive survey was open for two, 1‐month periods in 2019. The survey addressed questions toward U.S. hospital pharmacy department leaders regarding leadership demographics, perception of burnout as a problem, and steps taken to address burnout. The first survey period was open to Directors of Pharmacy in the Vizient purchasing network and the second to members of three American Society of Health‐System Pharmacist's Connect Communities. Descriptive statistics are presented and Spearman rank‐order correlation was used for comparisons.ResultsA total of 216 surveys were completed. Half of the participants were pharmacy directors, having worked less than 5 years in their position (n = 110, 50.9%). Eighty‐two percent believed their departments were negatively affected by burnout; however, only 53.7% formally assessed their employees. Twenty‐eight percent (n = 59) reported interventions to combat burnout have been instituted, whereas 26.2% had plans to initiate measures. The most frequent interventions implemented in each category were: communication (department meetings [98.3%], informal surveys [62.7%], management style changes [57.6%]), workflow (scheduling process changes [78%], technologies [72.9%], verification process changes [64.4%]), and quality improvement (stress reduction presentations [49.1%] and mealtime protections [40.7%]). Funding for interventions was from the annual budget (40.7%) or absent (42.4%). Directors of Pharmacy, management with longer job tenure, and those that had already implemented mitigation strategies were less likely to perceive that work performance is negatively impacted by employee burnout compared with others.ConclusionMost participants acknowledge burnout may negatively impact their departments. Communication, workflow, and quality improvement strategies have been identified, albeit infrequently. Further study is warranted to continue investigating effective methods.
Building a transformative partnership between health‐system and community‐based pharmacies
Authors: Vest Mary‐Haston , Clifton Cody L. , Cochran Kelly A. , Fish Hannah M. , Jacobsen Ryan B. , McDonough Randal P. , Osterhaus Matthew C. , Rudder Catherine M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeHealth‐system pharmacists and community‐based pharmacists have long held professional relationships. However, the success of each group is often not interdependent and aligned. In 2018, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), CPESN USA, and the National Community Pharmacists Association (NCPA) Innovation Center led a meeting to build patient‐centered pharmacist teams to achieve medication optimization across care settings. Seven community pharmacists and health‐system/clinic‐based pharmacist teams participated in this meeting and left with the intentional commitment to build sustainable partnerships. This report describes the establishment of this partnership, and the subsequent application of Guiding Statements for these collaborations. This report also describes both the successes realized and the lessons learned, and to serve as practical recommendations for institutions interested in pursuing similar partnerships.ResultsInitial learnings from these partnerships have provided a proof of concept that an intentional approach to the relationship between a health‐system/clinic‐based pharmacist and community‐based pharmacist can lead to improvements in patient care as well as a professional collaboration. We experienced improved communication and closed‐loop care, improved professional relationships across care settings, and enhanced clinical services. However, these partnerships were not without challenges. For instance, lack of interoperability and limited electronic health record access made certain outcomes difficult to track.ConclusionThe purposeful establishment of partnerships between health‐system/clinic‐based pharmacists and community‐based pharmacists, built upon the needs of both entities, allowed institutions to develop an aligned commitment to care for shared patients. Over the initial years of these partnerships, many successes were realized and lessons were learned. Both the successes and the challenges can serve as beneficial resources for institutions interested in developing similar partnerships.
Effect of surface characteristics on the antibacterial properties of titanium dioxide nanotubes produced in aqueous electrolytes with carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Aguirre Ocampo Robinson , Echeverry‐Rendón Mónica , DeAlba‐Montero Idania , Robledo Sara , Ruiz Facundo , Echeverría Echeverría Félix 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNanotubular structures were produced on a commercially pure titanium surface by anodization in an aqueous electrolyte that contained carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium fluoride. The internal diameters obtained were about 100, 48, and 9.5 nm, respectively. Several heat treatments at 200, 350, and 600°C were made to produce nanotubes with different titanium dioxide polymorphs (anatase, rutile). All tested surfaces were superhydrophilic, this behavior was maintained after at least 30 days, regardless of the heat treatment. Although in previous works the nanotube features effect on the bacteria behavior had been studied; this item still unclear. For the best of our knowledge, the effect of small internal diameters (about 10 nm) with and without heat treatment and with and without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the bacteria strains comportment has not been reported. From our results, both the internal diameter and the postanodized treatments have an effect on the bacteria strains comportment. All nanotubular coatings UV treated and heat treated at 350 and 600°C; despite they have different inner diameters, inhibit the bacteria growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The nanotubular coatings obtained at 20 V and heat treated at 350°C produced the lower bacteria adhesion against both strains evaluated.
Community capacity coach: Embedded support to implement evidenced‐based prevention
Authors: Strompolis Melissa , Cain J. Montana , Wilson Abygail , Aldridge William A. , Armstrong Jenna M. , Srivastav Aditi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven the pervasive nature of child abuse and neglect, multilevel public health approaches are necessary. Implementation science can help in understanding the most effective ways to build infrastructure and support delivery of such approaches. In this theoretical paper, we describe the implementation of the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P), an evidence‐based population‐level parenting program in South Carolina. While implementation science has informed how to move population‐level efforts to scale, we discuss challenges that persist in practice, such as when there is a need for multiple stakeholders to understand, support, and apply implementation best practices in a systematic and consistent way. To address this challenge, we introduce the role of a Community Capacity Coach, who lives in the local community and works towards the implementation of Triple P. The Coach is responsible for bridging gaps between the local community and statewide support systems. We detail the ways in which the Coach's role aligns with key intermediary functions, and how the Coach is embedded within the larger Triple P statewide support system. We then discuss the assessment of the Coach's impact; and conclude with future directions and next steps for this role within Triple P South Carolina.
Quercetin postconditioning attenuates gastrocnemius muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi Reza , Anbari Khatereh , Salahshoor Mohammad Reza , Alasvand Masoud , Assadollahi Vahideh , Gholami Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuercetin, an antioxidant derived from plants, can play a beneficial role in the protection of various tissues against ischemia‐reperfusion injuries (IRI). The purpose of the present research was to investigate the protective effects of quercetin on gastrocnemius muscle ischemia‐reperfusion. A total of 80 adult male Wistar rats (weights: 250–300 g) were divided into ten groups (n = 8 per group). We used silk 6.0 surgical thread to create a knit to occlude the femoral artery and vein for 3 hr. The treated groups, which comprised half of each experimental group, received intraperitoneal injections of 150 mg/kg quercetin after the ischemia. Blood flow was subsequently reestablished in the reperfusion phase. The rats were kept in reperfusion for 3, 7, 14, or 28 days after which they were killed with high doses of anesthetic drugs, and the gastrocnemius muscles were removed and fixed. Tissue processing, hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) levels. A comparison between treated and untreated ischemic sites showed that on the third day of reperfusion, the severity of edema and NF‐κB level decreased significantly; on the 7th day of reperfusion, the severity of edema and the levels of TNF‐α and NF‐κB decreased significantly; and on the 14th day of reperfusion, all of the parameters showed significant decreases. On the 28th day of reperfusion, there were significantly decreased levels of TNF‐α and NF‐κB, and decreased mast cell infiltration when compared with the untreated groups. According to the results, administration of quercetin after ischemia could significantly prevent gastrocnemius muscle IRI.
Severe Acute Lung Injury Related to COVID‐19 Infection: A Review and the Possible Role for Escin
Authors: Gallelli Luca , Zhang Leiming , Wang Tian , Fu Fenghua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) represents the most severe form of the viral infection sustained by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Today, it is a pandemic infection, and even if several compounds are used as curative or supportive treatment, there is not a definitive treatment. In particular, antiviral treatment used for the treatment of several viral infections (eg, hepatitis C, HIV, Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus) are today used with a mild or moderate effect on the lung injury. In fact, ALI seems to be related to the inflammatory burst and release of proinflammatory mediators that induce intra‐alveolar fibrin accumulation that reduces the gas exchange. Therefore, an add‐on therapy with drugs able to reduce inflammation, edema, and cell activation has been proposed as well as a treatment with interferon, corticosteroids or monoclonal antibodies (eg, tocilizumab). In this article reviewing literature data related to the use of escin, an agent having potent anti‐inflammatory and anti‐viral effects in lung injury, we suggest that it could represent a therapeutic opportunity as add‐on therapy in ALI related to COVID‐19 infection.
Morphological malleability of the lateral line allows for surface fish (Astyanax mexicanus) adaptation to cave environments
Authors: Yoffe Marina , Patel Kush , Palia Eric , Kolawole Samuel , Streets Amy , Haspel Gal , Soares Daphne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe lateral line is the primary modality fish use to create a hydrodynamic image of their environment. These images contribute to a variety of behaviors, from rheotaxis to escape responses. Here we discern the contributions of visual and lateral line modalities in hunting behavior of larvae that have developed under different photic conditions. In particular, cave animals have a hypertrophied sense of mechanosensation, and we studied the common animal model cavefish Astyanax mexicanus and its closest related surface relative. We raised larvae in a diurnal light‐dark regimen and in complete darkness. We then examined the distribution of neuromasts in their lateral lines, and their hunting performance in light and dark conditions, with and without the contribution of the lateral line. We report that all larva depend on the lateral line for success in hunting and that surface fish raised in the dark have a greater dependency on the lateral line.
Exo/endo stereocontrolled synthesis of spiroindoloindolizidines by using classical and microwave conditions via the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Arvinnezhad Hamid , Ghorbani Fatemeh , Khosravi Hormoz , Jadidi Khosrow , Notash Behrouz , Naderi Soheila 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing both classical reflux and microwave‐mediated conditions, a series of new spiroindoloindolizidines was synthesized by multicomponent 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides in unprecedented exo/endo stereocontrolled. Both conditions easily afforded two identical and separable exo/endo diastereomeric ratios of cycloadducts. However, the ratio of two diastereomeric products obtained from conventional conditions was reversed in all examined cases when the reactions were explored under microwave‐mediated conditions. As expected, utilizing the microwave‐assisted conditions produced higher yields and reaction rates compared to classical conditions. The structure and exact stereochemistry of synthesized cycloadducts were determined by applying various 2D‐NMR spectroscopic techniques and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Finally, the mechanism of the reaction has been briefly investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Frontline Science: LPS-inducible SLC30A1 drives human macrophage-mediated zinc toxicity against intracellular Escherichia coli
Authors: Stocks Claudia J , von Pein Jessica B , Curson James E B , Rae James , Phan Minh-Duy , Foo Darren , Bokil Nilesh J , Kambe Taiho , Peters Kate M , Parton Robert G , Schembri Mark A , Kapetanovic Ronan , Sweet Matthew J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
TLR-inducible zinc toxicity is an antimicrobial mechanism utilized by macrophages, however knowledge of molecular mechanisms mediating this response is limited. Here, we show that E. coli exposed to zinc stress within primary human macrophages reside in membrane-bound vesicular compartments. Since SLC30A zinc exporters can deliver zinc into the lumen of vesicles, we examined LPS-regulated mRNA expression of Slc30a/SLC30A family members in primary mouse and human macrophages. A number of these transporters were dynamically regulated in both cell populations. In human monocyte-derived macrophages, LPS strongly up-regulated SLC30A1 mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, SLC30A1 was not LPS-inducible in macrophage-like PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. We therefore ectopically expressed SLC30A1 in these cells, finding that this was sufficient to promote zinc-containing vesicle formation. The response was similar to that observed following LPS stimulation. Ectopically expressed SLC30A1 localized to both the plasma membrane and intracellular zinc-containing vesicles within LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. Inducible overexpression of SLC30A1 in THP-1 cells infected with the Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655 augmented the zinc stress response of intracellular bacteria and promoted clearance. Furthermore, in THP-1 cells infected with an MG1655 zinc stress reporter strain, all bacteria contained within SLC30A1-positive compartments were subjected to zinc stress. Thus, SLC30A1 marks zinc-containing compartments associated with TLR-inducible zinc toxicity in human macrophages, and its ectopic over-expression is sufficient to initiate this antimicrobial pathway in these cells. Finally, SLC30A1 silencing did not compromise E. coli clearance by primary human macrophages, suggesting that other zinc exporters may also contribute to the zinc toxicity response.