bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-derived Tumor Spheroid Cultures as a Promising Tool to Assist Personalized Therapeutic Decisions
Authors: Hofmann Sarah , Cohen-Harazi Raichel , Maizels Yael , Koman Igor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common cause of cancerrelated death in women. Treatment of breast cancer has many limitations including a lack of accurate biomarkers to predict success of chemotherapy, intrinsic resistance of a significant group of patients to the gold standard of therapy and the limited applicability of targeted therapy. Therefore, new tools are needed to provide doctors with guidance in choosing the most effective treatment plan for a particular patient and thus to increase the survival rate for breast cancer patients.MethodsHere, we present a successful method to grow in vitro spheroids from primary breast cancer tissue. Samples were received in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations. After tissue dissociation, in vitro spheroids were generated in a scaffold-free 96-well plate format. Spheroid composition was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of epithelial (Pan Cytokeratin (panCK)), stromal (Vimentin) and breast cancer-specific markers (ER, PR, Her2, GATA, Mammaglobin). Growth and cell viability of the spheroids was assessed upon treatment with multiple anti-cancer compounds. Student´s t-test and two-way ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsWe were able to successfully grow spheroids from 27 out of 31samples from surgical resections of breast cancer tissuefrom previously untreated patients. Recapitulation of the histopathology of the tissue of origin was confirmed. Furthermore, a drug panel of standard first line chemotherapy drugs used to treat breast cancer was applied to assess the viability of the patient-derived spheroids and revealed variation in the response of the spheroids to different drug treatments. ConclusionsWe investigated the feasibility and the utility of an in vitro, patient-derived spheroid model for breast cancer therapy, and we conclude that spheroids serve as a highly efficient platform to explore cancer therapeutics and personalized treatment efficacy.These results have significant implications for the application of this model in clinical personalized medicine.
ARL4C is A Key Driver of Gastric Cancer: An Integrative Analysis of ARL Family Members
Authors: Xie Ning , Bai Yunfan , Qiao Lu , Bai Yuru , Wu Jian , Li Yan , Jiang Mingzuo , Xu Bing , Ni Zhen , Yuan Ting , Shi Yongquan , Xu Feng , Wang Jinhai , Liu Na , Dong Lei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: As small GTP-binding proteins, ARL family members (ARLs) have been proved to regulate the malignant phenotypes of several cancers. However, the exact role of ARLs in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive.Methods: The expression status, interactive relations, potential pathways and genetic variations of ARLs are analyzed by bioinformatics tools. Machine learning models and enrichment analysis are performed by R platform. The biological functions of ARL4C are demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The nomogram is further constructed to validate the prognostic value of ARL4C for GC patients.Results: ARLs are significantly dysregulated in GC and involved in various cancer-related pathways. Subsequently, machine learning models identify ARL4C as one of the two most significant diagnostic and prognostic indicators among ARLs for GC. Furthermore, ARL4C silencing remarkably reverses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inhibits the growth and metastasis of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, enrichment analysis indicates that TGF-β1 is highly correlated with ARL4C, while ARL4C-related genes are significantly enriched in the TGF-β1 signaling. Correspondingly, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 treatment dramatically increases ARL4C expression, and ARL4C knockdown reverses TGF-β1-induced EMT possibly by inhibiting the expression of Smads, downstream factors of TGF-β1. Meanwhile, the coexpression of ARL4C and TGF-β1 worsens the prognosis of GC patients both in Kaplan-Meier analysis and nomogram model.Conclusion: Our work is of significance for comprehensively understanding the crucial role of ARLs in the carcinogenesis of GC and the specific mechanisms underlying the GC-promoting effects of TGF-β1. More importantly, we uncover the great promise of ARL4C-targeted therapy in improving the efficacy of TGF-β1 inhibitors for GC patients.
Bioelectronics-on-a-chip for Cardiomyoblast Proliferation Enhancement Using Electric Field Stimulation
Authors: Aragon Angel , Cebro-Márquez María , Perez Eliseo , Pazos Antonio , Lage Ricardo , González-Juanatey José Ramón , Moscoso Isabel , Bao-Varela Carmen , Nieto Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Cardiomyoblast generation from conventional approaches is laborious and time-consuming. We present a bioelectronics on-a-chip for stimulating cells cardio myoblast proliferation during culture. Method:The bioelectronics chip fabrication methodology involves two different process. In the first step, an aluminum layer of 200 nm is deposited over a soda-lime glass substrate using physical vapor deposition and selectively removed using a Q-switched Nd:YVO4laser to create the electric tracks. To perform the experiments, we developed a biochip composed of a cell culture chamber fabricated withpolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a glass coverslip placed over the electric circuit tracks.By using such a glass coverslip we avoid any toxic reactions caused by electrodes in the culture or may be degraded by electrochemical reactions with the cell medium, which is crucial to determine the eﬀective cell-device coupling. Results:The chip was used to study the effect of electricfield stimulation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2). Results shows a remarkable increase in the number of H9c2 cells for the stimulated samples, where after 72 hours the cell density double the cell density of control samples. Conclusions:Cell proliferation of Rat ventricular cardiomyoblasts cells (H9c2) using the bioelectronics-on-a-chip was enhanced upon the electrical stimulation. The dependence on the geometrical characteristics of the electric circuit on the peak value and homogeneity of the electric field generated are analyzed and proper parameters to ensure a homogeneous electric field at the cell culture chamber are obtained. It can also be observed a high dependence of the electric field on the geometry of the electrostimulator circuit tracks and envisage the potential applications on electrophysiology studies, monitoring and modulate cellular behavior through the application of electric fields
Anatomical Analysis of the Left Upper Lobe of Lung on Three-Dimensional Images with Focusing the Branching Pattern of the Subsegmental Veins
Authors: Isaka Tamami , Mitsuboshi Shota , Maeda Hideyuki , Kikkawa Takuma , Oyama Kunihiro , Mudasugi Masahide , Kanzaki Masato , Onuki Takamasa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Although a clear understanding of the anatomical characteristics of the pulmonary veins (PVs) is essential for the successful performance of segmentectomy and is important to avoid intraoperative pulmonary vessels injury, there is no report showing the relations between the branching patterns of PVs and pulmonary arteries (PAs). Moreover, internationally accepted symbols for describing the PVs remain unavailable. For anatomically assessing the branches and courses of the subsegmental veins in the left upper lobe (LUL), the diverse branching patterns of blood vessels and bronchi should be investigated. Methods: The branching patterns and intersegmental courses of PVs were assessed by performing three-dimensional image analysis of the bronchi, and PAs and PVs in the LUL in 103 patients who were scheduled to receive segmentectomy in LUL from January 2008 through August 2012. Results: Branching types of the bronchus and pulmonary vessels failed to be independent each other. Combinations of anterior extension type of bronchi with the inter-lobar type (IL-type) of arterial branching pattern were often observed, but those with the mediastinal type (M-type) were rarely observed. The combinations of apical vein dominant type with the IL-type of arteries, and intermediate and central vein type with the M-type were often observed. LUL was adjoined by various subsegments, and the intersegmental pulmonary veins showed diverse patterns. Conclusions: This study found the relationship among PA, PV, and bronchus patterns, and in the subsegment where the branching patters were fixed in 103 cases. This study discovered PVs that was difficult to be named by the conventional naming systems because of the diversity of the locations in the subsegment.
Development of a behaviour change workplace-based intervention to improve nurses’ eating and physical activity
Authors: POWER BRIAN , Kiezebrink Kirsty , Allan Julia L , Campbell Marion K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a critical need for an intervention to improve nurse’s eating and physical activity behaviours. As nurses spend a substantial proportion of their waking hours at work, concerted efforts to deliver such interventions in the workplace is growing. This study formed part of a multiphase programme of research that aimed to systematically develop an evidence-based and theory-informed workplace intervention to promote changes in eating and physical activity among nurses.
Methods
The intervention was developed iteratively, in line with Medical Research Council complex intervention guidelines. It involved four activities; (1) identifying the evidence base; (2) understanding the determinants of nurses’ eating and physical activity behaviour change through theory-based qualitative interviews and survey; (3) identifying intervention options using the Behaviour Change Wheel; and (4) specifying intervention content and implementation options using a taxonomy of behaviour change techniques.
Results
Data from 13 randomised controlled trials indicated that workplace-based behaviour change interventions targeted to this population are effective in changing behaviour. The evidence base was, however, limited in quantity and quality. Nurses’ beliefs about important factors determining their eating and physical activity behaviour were identified across 16 qualitative interviews and 245 survey responses and key determinants included: environmental context and resources; behavioural regulation; emotion; beliefs about consequences; knowledge and optimism. Based on these findings, 22 behaviour change techniques suitable for targeting the identified determinants were identified and combined into a potential workplace intervention.
Conclusions
An evidence-based and theory-informed intervention tailored to the target population and setting has been explicitly conceptualised using a systematic approach. The proposed intervention addresses previous evidence gaps for the user population of nurses. Further to this, such an intervention, if implemented, has the potential to impact nurses’ eating and physical activity behaviours and in turn, the health of nurses and the quality of healthcare delivery.
Dual Burden: The Experience of Depression Among Women Living With HIV in Ethiopia- a Qualitative Study
Authors: Yousuf Abdilahi , Musa Ramli , Md. Muhammad Lokman , Arifin Siti Roshaidai Mohd 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Depression and HIV are common comorbid and their symptoms are inter-related. Depression remains disproportionately more prevalent among women who live in low-income countries and HIV circumstances, it is vastly ignored or not identified. Therefore, little is understood about the suffering of depression by women living with HIV (WLHIV). The purpose of this study is to explore the experience of depression among women living with HIV. A generic qualitative design was used. This research was part of a wider mixed-method study. The an-in-depth interview was carried out among women who follow-up Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and who were eligible after depression screening. An interview guide was used for the data collection and the data was analyzed with the application of N-Vivo (version 11.0). Hence, a total of twenty-one women completed in this phase of the study. Seven themes and thirteen categories emerged. These included; stressful life events, the participation of social activities, concern over community acceptance, negative self-perception, feeling hopelessness, and coping with psychological disturbances. However, this finding has revealed, in the course of the multifaceted nature of HIV and depression comorbidity, women’s experience was not constant instead it remained dynamic which determined the different psychosocial and clinical dimensions of the illnesses. This study has elaborated that HIV positive women’s experience with depression was merely related to their psychosocial aspects, internalized personal attributes, disease traits regarding their life with comorbid diseases; HIV, and depression. Therefore, future initiatives should concentrate on incorporating mental health services in to clinical HIV set-up.
Socio-emotional and adaptive behaviour after severe anaemia in pre-schoolers at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: a cross sectional study.
Authors: Ssemata Andrew Sentoogo , Opoka Robert O. , Ssenkusu John M. , Nakasujja Noeline , John Chandy C. , Bangirana Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe anaemia is a global public health challenge commonly associated with morbidity and mortality among children <5 years of age in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, less is known about the behavioural performance of preschool children surviving severe anaemia in low resource settings. We investigated social-emotional and adaptive behaviour in preschool children diagnosed with severe anaemia in Northern Uganda. Methods: We conducted a hospital based cross-sectional study among children 6 - 42 months who were treated for severe anaemia (n=171) at Lira Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. Social emotional and adaptive behaviour were assessed 14 days post discharge using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition. Age-adjusted z-scores for each domain were calculated using scores from healthy community children (n=88) from the same environment for each age category. Multiple linear regression was used to compare z-scores in the social-emotional and adaptive-behaviour scales between the two groups after adjusting for weight-for-age z-score, social economic status, mother’s education, father’s education and father’s employment on all the scales.Results: Compared with healthy community pre-schoolers, children with severe anaemia had poorer [adjusted mean scores (standard error)], social emotional [-0.29, (0.05) vs. 0.01, (0.08), P=0.002]; but not overall/ composite adaptive behaviour [-0.10, (0.05) vs. -0.01, (0.07), P=0.343]. Within the adaptive behaviour subscales, children with SA displayed significantly poorer scores on the community use [adjusted mean score (standard error)], [-0.63, (0.10) vs. -0.01, (0.13), P<0.001]; and leisure [-0.35, (0.07) vs. -0.02, (0.07), P=0.036] skills. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that severe anaemia in the preschool period is associated with poor social-emotional scores in the short-term post clinical recovery in Northern Uganda. We recommend long-term follow-up to determine the course of these problems and appropriate interventions to reduce the behavioural burden among pre-schoolers surviving severe anaemia in Uganda.
Comparative Protein Composition and Biological Effects Caused by Bothrops jararacussu and B. moojeni Crude Venoms
Authors: Paixão-Júnior Otacílio B. , Silva Diana P. , Ferreira Sarah S. , Barbosa Ayrton R. , dos Santos Pedro G. N. , Santa-Rita Paula H. , Salvador Guilherme H. M. , Pêssoa Hilzeth L. F. , Marchi-Salvador Daniela P. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The World Health Organization added snakebite envenoming to its priority
list of neglected tropical diseases. Snakebite envenoming is a particularly important public
health problem in rural areas of tropical and sub-tropical countries. In 2017, more than 30 thousand
cases of snakebites were reported in Brazil, with the North and Northeast regions being the most
affected and Bothrops sp snakes causing most of these cases.

Objective::
The objective of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the coagulating, cytotoxic, oxidizing
and antioxidant effects caused by Bothrops jararacussu and B. moojeni crude venoms.

Methods::
The crude venoms protein profiles were characterized, and the biological effects were
evaluated and compared between the species.

Results:
The crude venoms composition showed similar protein profiles. The B. jararacussu and B.
moojeni crude venoms showed coagulant activity and were capable of causing indirect hemolysis
on the erythrocyte membrane, but did not protect the erythrocyte membrane from damage against
hypotonic solutions. The B. jararacussu crude venom promoted hemagglutination.

Conclusion:
The crude venoms were not able to promote an oxidizing effect on hemoglobin and
could not prevent the phenylhydrazine oxidizing effect; however, the crude venoms presence
caused increase in the methemoglobin formation by phenylhydrazine oxidation.
Research on Improvement of Cooling Efficiency of Two-Stroke Engines Using the Telemetric System for Measuring the Piston Temperature
Authors: Kulikov V. A. , Syakterev V. N. , Syaktereva V. V. 
Published: June 2020

В работе предложен метод повышения эффективности охлаждения двигателей с воздушным охлаждением с использованием интенсификации теплообмена на охлаждающих поверхностях цилиндров с применением турбулизаторов. Турбулизаторы выполнены в виде круглых выступов на поверхности ребер рубашки охлаждения цилиндров перпендикулярно потоку охлаждающего воздуха. Возникаемые за этими выступами вихревые зоны служат источником дополнительной турбулизации и способствуют интенсификации теплообмена. Исследование влияния турбулизаторов на повышение эффективности охлаждения основано на использовании метода термометрирования поршня с помощью телеметрической системы измерений с оптическим каналом связи. В данном эксперименте производится непосредственное термометрирование поршня и при этом исключаются дополнительные погрешности, связанные с искажением теплообмена на охлаждающих поверхностях цилиндра двигателя, возникающие при непосредственном измерении температур ребер цилиндра двигателя в различных точках. Сравнительные испытания серийного и опытного двигателя с рубашкой охлаждения с турбулизаторами показали снижение температуры от 3 до 8 градусов в различных точках поршня, что снижает общий уровень его теплонапряженного состояния, позволяет отказаться от трудоемкого процесса алитирования и снижает себестоимость двигателя. Применение эффективности охлаждения двигателей на основе интенсификации теплообмена с использованием турбулизаторов может быть использовано для повышения надежности работы двигателей мотоциклов и современных беспилотных летательных аппаратов с воздушным охлаждением, что дополнительно может снизить уровень шума этих аппаратов.
Shooting Simulator «Inhibitor»: Software of Drawing up Scenarios of Exercises
Authors: Egorov S. F. , Osipov N. I. , Korobeynikova I. V. 
Published: June 2020

Описывается программное обеспечение для составления сценариев учебных упражнений тактического тренажера оптико-электронного для стрелкового оружия «Ингибитор», разработанного в Институте механики УдмФИЦ УрО РАН и на кафедре «Вычислительная техника» ИжГТУ имени М. Т. Калашникова совместно с ОАО «Концерн «Ижмаш». Приводится тактико-техническое задание на функциональные возможности редактора сценариев учебных упражнений из Курса стрельб с имитацией на изображениях времени дня (утро, день, вечер, ночь) и сезона (лето, зима, осень, весна). При составлении сценариев должна быть возможность выбирать лесистые, степные, городские, песчаные стрельбища и расставлять на них цели со сложным поведением (приседание, залегание, уклонение от близких промахов и т. п.) и спецэффекты (дымы, разрывы и т. п.). Также необходимо добавлять в базу пользовательские стрелковые упражнения, новые изображения как стрельбищ (с прорисованным виртуальным рельефом дальности), так и местных предметов и целей (бронетехники и живой силы) и задавать их свойства (например, траекторию движения со скоростью и времена появления-исчезновения с допустимыми разбросами). В стандартной поставке тренажера должна быть полная база упражнений и мишеней из Курса стрельб по стрелковому вооружению (включая гранатометы) и по разведке местности. Сделан вывод о перспективности дальнейших исследований и разработке электронных стрелковых тренажеров благодаря совершенствованию и удешевлению элементной базы и развитию программных библиотек с целью повышения точности тренажеров, расширения функциональных возможностей и снижения себестоимости и, значит, повышения конкурентоспособности.Работа выполнена за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-79-10122) с использованием УНУ «Информационно-измерительный комплекс для исследований акустических свойств материалов и изделий» (рег. номер: 586308)
Formulation and Evaluation of Piroxicam Fast Dissolving Tablets Using Direct Compression and Sublimation Method
Authors: Kumar Inder , Chaudhary Dipima , Thakur Bhumika , Pandit Vinay 
Published: June 2020

Objective: In the present research work, fast dissolving tablets of Piroxicam were formulated by two different techniques i.e. direct compression method and sublimation method using different superdisintegrants.
Methods: Twelve formulations were prepared (PXM1 to PXM12) in which first six formulation were prepared by direct compression technique and other six formulation were prepared by sublimation method by using camphor as a sublimating agent.
Result and Discussion: All the formulations were subjected for precompression, post compression parameters, and shows all the data within the specific limits. Formulation PXM4 containing 5 % crospovidone showed 99.480 ± 0.291 % drug release in 20 min which was more than the drug release of rest of the formulations. The optimized formulation PXM4 was compared with the marketed formulation and it revealed that drug release of PXM4 was found to be 99.397 ± 0.751 % in 20 min, which was greater than the marketed formulation. Finally, results were statistically analysed by the application of one way ANOVA and t-test. The stability study of the optimized formulation PXM4 showed no significant changes in, drug content, disintegration time and in-vitro drug release.
Conclusion: Piroxicam can be successfully prepared using direct compression technique and it will enhance the drug dissolution, which will further increase absorption and bioavailability of the drug.
Keywords: Direct compression, fast dissolving tablets, sublimation, Piroxicam.