bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of interventions on work-related outcomes for individuals with musculoskeletal injuries after road traffic crash: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Brakenridge Charlotte L. , Gane Elise M. , Smits Esther J. , Andrews Nicole E. , Johnston Venerina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal injuries are the most common non-fatal injury from road traffic crashes. Even when the injuries are mild, they can cause pain which can affect return to work rates and work ability post-crash. Workplace output losses are the biggest cost from traffic crash-related injuries. There is a need to identify effective interventions that can improve work-related outcomes (e.g. time to return to work, sick leave, and work ability) in this group and a need to understand the intervention components, external factors, and participant characteristics that may be associated with improvement.MethodsA systematic review will be conducted using seven databases and search terms related to road traffic crash, musculoskeletal injury, work-related outcomes, and study design. Intervention studies will be eligible if they report on at least one work-related outcome, include adults with a traffic crash-related musculoskeletal injury (e.g. fracture or whiplash), include a comparison group, and are written in English. Interventions can be medical, therapeutic, work-based, multicomponent, or other. Two researchers will independently screen titles and abstracts, review full texts for inclusion in the review, and perform the data extraction. The main outcomes of the review will be time until return to work and duration of sick leave. The results will be narratively described, with meta-analyses conducted where possible.DiscussionThis review will explore the effectiveness of interventions in individuals with traffic crash-related musculoskeletal injury on work-related outcomes and will act as a useful source for researchers, policy makers, and stakeholders when developing and implementing interventions in this group.Systematic review registrationPROSPEROCRD42018103746
Effectiveness and safety of inpatient versus extended venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis with heparin following major pelvic surgery for malignancy: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Heijkoop Bridget , Parker Natalie , Kiroff George , Spernat Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common postoperative complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The use of prophylactic heparin postoperatively reduces this risk, and the use of extended duration prophylaxis is becoming increasingly common. Malignancy and pelvic surgery both independently further increase the risk of postoperative VTE and patients undergoing major pelvic surgery for malignancy are at particularly high risk of VTE. However, the optimum duration of prophylaxis specifically in this population currently remains unclear.

Methods
We will conduct a systematic review of literature in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.1.0.,2011) to evaluate current evidence of the effectiveness and safety of inpatient versus extended VTE prophylaxis with heparin (all forms) following major pelvic surgery for malignancy. We will search PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Regarding safety, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) websites will be searched, including all levels of evidence. Results will be the postoperative timeframe in which a VTE event can be considered to have been provoked by the surgery, and the number of patients needed to treat with both inpatient and extended prophylaxis to prevent a VTE event in this timeframe, comparing these to determine if there is a significant benefit from extended prophylaxis.

Discussion
This systematic review will aim to identify the postoperative period in which patients undergoing major pelvic surgery for malignancy are at further increased risk of VTE as a result of their surgery and the optimum duration of heparin VTE prophylaxis with heparin to reduce this risk. Determining this will allow evidence-based recommendations to be made for the optimum duration of heparin VTE prophylaxis post major pelvic surgery for malignancy, leading to improved standards of care that are consistent between different providers and institutions.

Systematic review registration
In accordance with guidelines, our systematic review was submitted to PROSPERO for consideration of registration on 16/12/17 and was registered on 12/1/18 with the registration number CRD42018068961, and it was last updated on December 1, 2018.
Clinical, microbiological, and molecular epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pyogenic liver abscess in southeastern China
Authors: Zhang Siqin , Zhang Xiucai , Wu Qing , Zheng Xiangkuo , Dong Guofeng , Fang Renchi , Zhang Yizhi , Cao Jianming , Zhou Tieli 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pyogenic liver abscess (KP-PLA) has emerged as a life-threatening disease worldwide. However, to date, a limited number of scholars have attempted to systematically elucidate the characteristics of KP-PLA. The aim of the present study was to analyze clinical, microbiological, and molecular epidemiological characteristics of KP-PLA patients in Southeastern China.

Methods
The KP-PLA cases from a tertiary teaching hospital in China from January 2016 to December 2017 were systemically studied and elucidated comprehensively. The virulence factors, resistant spectrum, and clones of K. pneumoniae isolates were identified with string test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antimicrobial susceptibility test, and multilocus sequence typing. Moreover, the characteristics in KP-PLA patients with and without other hepatobiliary diseases (OHD) were also been compared.

Results
A total of 163 KP-PLA cases were enrolled, in which the majority of those cases were senior males, and often associated with multiple underlying diseases, including diabetes (49.7%). The remaining cases belonged to healthy individuals (50.3%). The clinical symptoms were common but nonspecific, characterized by increased inflammatory parameters and abnormal liver function parameters. The abscess was often right-sided solitary presentation (58.3%). Cephalosporin or carbapenem plus metronidazole combined with percutaneous puncture or catheter drainage were favorable therapeutics. Although low resistance rates of commonly used antimicrobial drugs (< 10%) were observed, twelve strains were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR) strains, and were mainly isolated from the OHD patients. The hypermucoviscosity, as well as K1 and K2 serotypes accounted for 30.7, 40.5, and 19.0%, respectively. Except for iroN (24.5%) and magA (45.4%), the high prevalence of virulence genes (e.g. aerobactin, rmpA, mrkD, fimH, uge, ureA, entB, ybtA, kfuBC, and wcaG) was identified (68.7–100.0%). Additionally, ST23 was found as a predominant sequence type (ST; 38.7%), and three novel STs (ST3507, ST3508 and ST3509) were noted as well.

Conclusions
The present study reported the abundant hvKp strains in KP-PLA, as well as convergence of hypervirulent and MDR K. pneumoniae isolates from the KP-PLA patients, particularly those cases with OHD. Given the various clinical manifestations and destructive pathogenicity, determination of the comprehensive characteristics of such isolates is highly essential to effectively carry out for optimal management and treatment of KP-PLA.
Genomic characterization of Citrobacter freundii strains coproducing OXA-48 and VIM-1 carbapenemase enzymes isolated in leukemic patient in Spain
Authors: Lalaoui Rym , Djukovic Ana , Bakour Sofiane , Hadjadj Linda , Sanz Jaime , Salavert Miguel , López-Hontangas Jose Luis , Sanz Miguel A. , Ubeda Carles , Rolain Jean-Marc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The emergence of carbapenemase-producing (CP) Citrobacter freundii poses a significant threat to public health, especially in high-risk populations. In this study, whole genome sequencing was used to characterize the carbapenem resistance mechanism of three C. freundii clinical isolates recovered from fecal samples of patients with acute leukemia (AL) from Spain.

Materials and methods
Twelve fecal samples, collected between 2013 and 2015 from 9 patients with AL, were screened for the presence of CP strains by selecting them on MacConkey agar supplemented with ertapenem (0.5 mg/L). Bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and were phenotypically characterized. Whole genome sequencing of C. freundii isolates was performed using the MinION and MiSeq Illumina sequencers. Bioinformatic analysis was performed in order to identify the molecular support of carbapenem resistance and to study the genetic environment of carbapenem resistance encoding genes.

Results
Three carbapenem-resistant C. freundii strains (imipenem MIC≥32 mg/L) corresponding to three different AL patients were isolated. Positive modified Carba NP test results suggested carbapenemase production. The genomes of each C. freundii tested were assembled into a single chromosomal contig and plasmids contig. In all the strains, the carbapenem resistance was due to the coproduction of OXA-48 and VIM-1 enzymes encoded by genes located on chromosome and on an IncHI2 plasmid, respectively. According to the MLST and the SNPs analysis, all strains belonged to the same clone ST169.

Conclusion
We report in our study, the intestinal carrying of C. freundii clone ST169 coproducing OXA-48 and VIM-1 identified in leukemic patients.
A conceptual framework for the phylogenetically constrained assembly of microbial communities
Authors: Aguirre de Cárcer Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Microbial communities play essential and preponderant roles in all ecosystems. Understanding the rules that govern microbial community assembly will have a major impact on our ability to manage microbial ecosystems, positively impacting, for instance, human health and agriculture. Here, I present a phylogenetically constrained community assembly principle grounded on the well-supported facts that deterministic processes have a significant impact on microbial community assembly, that microbial communities show significant phylogenetic signal, and that microbial traits and ecological coherence are, to some extent, phylogenetically conserved. From these facts, I derive a few predictions which form the basis of the framework. Chief among them is the existence, within most microbial ecosystems, of phylogenetic core groups (PCGs), defined as discrete portions of the phylogeny of varying depth present in all instances of the given ecosystem, and related to specific niches whose occupancy requires a specific phylogenetically conserved set of traits. The predictions are supported by the recent literature, as well as by dedicated analyses. Integrating the effect of ecosystem patchiness, microbial social interactions, and scale sampling pitfalls takes us to a comprehensive community assembly model that recapitulates the characteristics most commonly observed in microbial communities. PCGs’ identification is relatively straightforward using high-throughput 16S amplicon sequencing, and subsequent bioinformatic analysis of their phylogeny, estimated core pan-genome, and intra-group co-occurrence should provide valuable information on their ecophysiology and niche characteristics. Such a priori information for a significant portion of the community could be used to prime complementing analyses, boosting their usefulness. Thus, the use of the proposed framework could represent a leap forward in our understanding of microbial community assembly and function.
Network vulnerability‐based and knowledge‐guided identification of microRNA biomarkers indicating platinum resistance in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Qi Xin , Yu Chunjiang , Wang Yi , Lin Yuxin , Shen Bairong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the most common ovarian carcinoma type, is associated with the highest mortality rate among all gynecological malignancies. As chemoresistance has been demonstrated as the major challenge in improving the prognosis of HGSC patients, we here aimed to identify microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for predicting platinum resistance and further explore their functions in HGSC.ResultsWe developed and applied our network vulnerability‐based and knowledge‐guided bioinformatics model first time for the study of drug‐resistance in cancer. Four miRNA biomarkers (miR‐454‐3p, miR‐98‐5p, miR‐183‐5p and miR‐22‐3p) were identified with potential in stratifying platinum‐sensitive and platinum‐resistant HGSC patients and predicting prognostic outcome. Among them, miR‐454‐3p and miR‐183‐5p were newly discovered to be closely implicated in platinum resistance in HGSC. Functional analyses highlighted crucial roles of the four miRNA biomarkers in platinum resistance through mediating transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, expression patterns of the miRNA biomarkers were validated in both platinum‐sensitive and platinum‐resistant ovarian cancer cells.ConclusionsWith bioinformatics modeling and analysis, we identified and confirmed four novel putative miRNA biomarkers, miR‐454‐3p, miR‐98‐5p, miR‐183‐5p and miR‐22‐3p that could serve as indicators of resistance to platinum‐based chemotherapy, thereby contributing to the improvement of chemotherapeutic efficiency and optimization of personalized treatments in HGSC.
Vigilante Innovation (VIX): case study on the development of student skills through a team-based design process and environment
Authors: Oliver Kendra H. , Ehrman Jonathan D. , Marasco Christina C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Many undergraduate students majoring in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields lack experience in collaborative thinking, limiting their effectiveness as they enter careers in academic and industrial environments. The SyBBURE Searle Undergraduate Research Program has incorporated a team-based design component into its curriculum to fill this gap in training. This design framework, called Vigilante Innovation (VIX) to highlight its emphasis on self-initiation and action, has evolved into a multi-semester-long group undertaking that combines just-in-time training in entrepreneurship and project design with student-driven collaborations aimed at solving a real-world problem. We hypothesize that this framework provides a hands-on, realistic workplace simulation task through which students can develop an understanding of teamwork.

Results
Using a case-study approach, we discuss the development of the VIX design framework since its inception in 2014 and assess the impact of the VIX framework on student learning and growth using a student survey from 2016 to 2017 and student interviews from 2018.

Conclusions
A flexible approach, an annualized project timeline, a student-driven prototyping space, and self-selecting project areas emerged as key contributors to the successful implementation of the VIX design and to deepened student learning. The diversity of VIX teams, the self-reported success of student projects, and student interviews indicate that students who participate in VIX possess an in-depth understanding of team-based strategies. These findings support the VIX framework as an effective method of providing undergraduates in STEM fields with efficient and meaningful exposure to the team-based entrepreneurial skills that are vital in their future careers. Additional work is needed to determine if this approach has a long-term impact on student success in team-based environments. The website vigilanteinnovation.com houses a customizable, freely available version of the design guide for educators and innovators alike.
Increased mortality in elderly patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome is not explained by host response
Authors:   the MARS consortium, Schouten Laura R. A. , Bos Lieuwe D. J. , Serpa Neto A. , van Vught Lonneke A. , Wiewel Maryse A. , Hoogendijk Arie J. , Bonten Marc J. M. , Cremer Olaf L. , Horn Janneke , van der Poll Tom , Schultz Marcus J. , Wösten-van Asperen Roelie M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Advanced age is associated with increased mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Preclinical studies suggest that the host response to an injurious challenge is age-dependent. In ARDS patients, we investigated whether the association between age and mortality is mediated through age-related differences in the host response.

Methods
This was a prospective longitudinal observational cohort study, performed in the ICUs of two university-affiliated hospitals. The systemic host response was characterized in three predefined age-groups, based on the age-tertiles of the studied population: young (18 to 54 years, N = 209), middle-aged (55 to 67 years, N = 213), and elderly (67 years and older, N = 196). Biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation, and coagulation were determined in plasma obtained at the onset of ARDS. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. A mediation analysis was performed to examine whether age-related differences in biomarker levels serve as potential causal pathways mediating the association between age and mortality.

Results
Ninety-day mortality rates were 30% (63/209) in young, 37% (78/213) in middle-aged, and 43% (84/196) in elderly patients. Middle-aged and elderly patients had a higher risk of death compared to young patients (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5 [95% confidence interval 1.0 to 2.3] and 2.1 [1.4 to 3.4], respectively). Relative to young patients, the elderly had significantly lower systemic levels of biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation. Tissue plasminogen activator, a marker of coagulation, was the only biomarker that showed partial mediation (proportion of mediation, 10 [1 to 28] %).

Conclusion
Little evidence was found that the association between age and mortality in ARDS patients is mediated through age-dependent differences in host response pathways. Only tissue plasminogen activator was identified as a possible mediator of interest.

Trial registration
This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01905033, date of registration July 23, 2013).
Differential cell stress responses to food availability by the nestlings of Asian Short-toed Lark (Calandrella cheleensis)
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhao Lidan , Zhang Xinjie , Liang Wei , Zhang Shuping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Timing of breeding season of temperate passerines has been considered to be adjusted to their food availability. There is little work to reveal the cell stress responses of the nestlings hatched asynchronized with the food abundance peak, which is important for understanding the physiological link between the timing of breeding and the fitness of offspring.

Methods
Using gene expression level of blood HSP70 and HSP90 as indicators, we compared the cell stress response of Asian Short-toed Lark (Calandrella cheleensis) nestlings hatched under conditions of low, mid or high food (grasshopper nymph) availability in 2017.

Results
Nymph biomass, sample time and interaction of these two factors significantly influenced the blood gene expression level of HSP70 and HSP90 of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings. HSP70 and HSP90 gene expression levels of the nestlings at 14:00 were significantly higher than those at 5:00. At either 5:00 or 14:00, the gene expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 increase with the decrease of nymph biomass.

Conclusions
These results indicate that food availability is an important environment factor inducing cellular stress of Asian Short-toed Lark nestlings. The interactive effect of the nymph abundance and sample time on the HSPs response may be related with the daily temperature variation of the grassland. Over cell stress response may be one of physiological factor mediating the effect of food availability and the nestling’s fitness.
Obstructive pneumonia owing to migration of a Teflon pledget at 8 years after surgery for a pulmonary carcinoid tumor: a case report
Authors: Watanabe Hikaru , Abe Kohei , Kanauchi Naoki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
It is uncommon for a bronchial stump-related complication to develop during the remote postoperative period in a case of obstructive pneumonia owing to migration of the suture material. Here, we describe a case of bronchial obstructive pneumonia that developed owing to migration of the suture material in the airway 8 years after pulmonary resection.

Case presentation
A 34-year-old woman underwent left lower lobectomy for a pulmonary carcinoid tumor (pT1bN0M0-stage IA) in 2010. She experienced obstructive pneumonia, and chest computed tomography revealed a mass protruding from the bronchial stump to the bronchial lumen in 2018. After treatment for pneumonia, flexible bronchoscopy showed the presence of a fibrous suture material (Teflon pledget) completely obstructing the left second carina. A week later, the Teflon pledget obstructing the bronchial lumen was removed using a flexible bronchoscope with the patient under general anesthesia. The procedure was completed without removing the small amount of granulation tissue because the bronchial lumen opened after removing the Teflon pledget. She has remained asymptomatic for 1 year after removal.

Conclusions
In this case, the complication of obstructive pneumonia developed owing to migration of the non-absorbable suture materials used to suture the bronchial stump. Bronchoscopic management of this rare complication comprised endobronchial removal with the patient under general anesthesia. Given our experience with this case, we believe that such conservative management should allow for excellent results in most instances and avoid the need for reoperation.