bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN KAUR
Authors: Zuhri Muhamad , Soleh Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

One positive impact of the implementation of regional autonomy is the expansion of provincial and district / city that almost occurred throughout Indonesia. One area is the result of the expansion area Kaur regency in Bengkulu Province. As a new district that grows future regional autonomy, Kaur District has the authority to manage their own regions. The purpose of this study was to determine the Financial Performance of the District Government Kaur. Data collection method used is documentation. While the method of analysis using quantitative methods using financial ratios. Financial Performance of the District Government Kaur years 2001-2014 when viewed from the Regional Financial Independence Ratio is relatively low once (an average of 2.44% per year). Effectiveness Ratio PAD is known that the effectiveness of Kaur regency in 2011, 2013 and 2014 runs Ineffective indicated by the value ratio between 75% -89%, but in 2012 went very effective with a ratio reached 107.3%. Activity Ratio of the ratio of Operating Expenditure quite well that the value ratio between 50% -100% or the average value of 76.7% per year, while the ratio of Capital Expenditure classified as not good because it has value ratio is less than 50% or the average value -rata year by 23.2% per year). Growth in revenue (PAD) Kaur District has increased from year to year, but the growth was relatively moderate growth with an annual average value of 45.22% per year. Key Words: Financial performance, Ratio of Regional Financial Independence, Effectiveness Ratio, Activity Ratio, Growth Ratio, Kabupaten Kaur.
PERSEPSI APARATUR PEMERINTAH DESA TERHADAP DANA DESA DI KECAMATAN SELUMA BARAT KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Soleh Ahmad , Susanto Feri , Susanti Reka 
Published: February 2020

Ahmad Soleh, Feri Susanto, Reka Susanti; Perception of the village government's arapatur to the village fund in Seluma Barat Sub-district of Seluma District. The perception of the village government apparatus will affect activities in the use of village funds. The purpose of this research is to know the perception of village government apparatus to village fund in Seluma Barat sub-district of Seluma district. Determination of samples in this study using Purposive sampling. The sample in this research are 36 people, namely the Village Head, Secretary, Treasurer, and the head of BPD who served as the village government apparatus from 9 (Nine) villages in Seluma Barat District Seluma District. The nine villages include Talang Perapat village, Purbosari village, Air Latak village, Pagar Agung village, Talang Tinggi village, Lunjuk village, Sengkuang village, Tanjung Agung village and Lubuk Lagan village. Rating Scale is used in analyzing data obtained by using questionnaires. The results showed that the perception of the village government apparatus on village governance activities showed good interpretation (71.8%); Perceptions of village government apparatuses towards development activities and improvements in village infrastructure show excellent interpretation (88.6%); Perceptions of village government apparatuses on community empowerment activities showed excellent interpretation (85.4%); And perception of village government apparatus towards social activities showed excellent interpretation (81,2%).Key Words: Perceptions of the Village Government Apparatus, Village Funds, Seluma Barat District, Seluma District
PENGARUH ASIMETRI INFORMASI TERHADAP BUDGETARY SLACK DENGAN KEJUJURAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMODERASI: PENGANGGARAN PARTISIPATIF (Studi Eksperimen Pada Mahasiswa S1 Akuntansi Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu)
Authors: Putra Yudi Pratama 
Published: February 2020

Yudi Partama Putra ; The population of this study is the S1 students of the 2015 Academic Year of Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu. The number of participants who participated in the experiment is 123 students. The technique of taking samples was using purposive sampling with the criteria of samples had completed Management and Public Sector Accounting. Method of data collection used was through experimental method by using questionnaires and manipulation on research subjects. The validity test used was Pearson Product Correlation test, while the reliability test used was Cronbach Alpha. The hypothesis test used in this research was ANOVA which was accompanied by Post Hoc tukey test. The Research results showed that: 1) The level of information asymmetry has an influential information on the budgetary slack. It was shown by F-count > F-table, which is 8.302> 2.68 and p-value 0.000; 2) The Honesty influenced the correlation between information asymmetry and the budgetary slack. This is shown by F-count > F-table, which was 4,785 < 2.68 and p-value 0.010 <0.05; and 3) The results of tukey HSD and bonferoni showed that there was a difference between low and medium information asymmetry with a difference of 0.77401 and statistically significant with p = 0.0428. The difference between low information asymmetry and high information asymmetry was 0.339581 with a significance of 0.0000, the difference between moderate information asymmetry and high asymmetry was 0.339580 and the difference between medium and high asymmetry was 0.262179 with a significance of 0.003.
Key Words: Budgetary slack, information Asymmetry, Honesty
L’enseignement, le développement des compétences et la formation du sujet au Québec
Authors: Le Vasseur Louis , Sauvaire Marion 
Published: February 2020

À travers l’examen de trois enseignements, soit la philosophie et le français au collégial et l’histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté au secondaire, les auteurs montrent l’importance accordée en éducation au Québec au développement des habiletés intellectuelles et des compétences. De telles orientations pédagogiques s’inscrivent plus largement dans un contexte culturel, social et même économique valorisant fortement l’autonomie du sujet. Or, l’autonomie est-elle toujours synonyme d’émancipation en éducation ?
Développer le jugement moral et la citoyennete des élèves par la discussion à visée démocratique et philosophique (DVDP)
Authors: Tozzi Michel 
Published: February 2020

Le programme d’enseignement moral et civique (EMC) français préconise des discussions à visée philosophique (DVP), en relation avec les deux objectifs de ce programme : 1) Développer le jugement moral des élèves ; 2) Les éduquer à la citoyenneté. La présente contribution veut montrer pourquoi la DVP permet d’atteindre ces deux objectifs. Pour le premier : parce que la DVP permet de travailler philosophiquement les concepts de la morale ; de discuter contradictoirement sur des dilemmes éthiques, et ce, d’autant que la DVP véhicule par elle-même des valeurs éthiques communicationnelles ; pour le second : parce que la DVP permet d’aborder les concepts de la philosophie politique, de discuter de questions socialement controversées et de générer, par son fonctionnement, des comportements démocratiques. L’article veut aussi montrer que le recours à la DVP en EMC permet la réflexion philosophique dans toute son extension à condition de ne pas restreindre son champ et de ne pas verser dans les pièges de la moralisation ou de la conformisation.
TLR7 and TLR8 Differentially Activate the IRF and NF-κB Pathways in Specific Cell Types to Promote Inflammation
Authors: Bender Andrew T , Tzvetkov Evgeni , Pereira Albertina , Wu Yin , Kasar Siddha , Przetak Melinda M , Vlach Jaromir , Niewold Timothy B , Jensen Mark A , Okitsu Shinji L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
TLR7 and TLR8 are pattern recognition receptors that reside in the endosome and are activated by ssRNA molecules. TLR7 and TLR8 are normally part of the antiviral defense response, but they have also been implicated as drivers of autoimmune diseases such as lupus. The receptors have slightly different ligand-binding specificities and cellular expression patterns that suggest they have nonredundant specialized roles. How the roles of TLR7 and TLR8 differ may be determined by which cell types express each TLR and how the cells respond to activation of each receptor. To provide a better understanding of the effects of TLR7/8 activation, we have characterized changes induced by TLR-specific agonists in different human immune cell types and defined which responses are a direct consequence of TLR7 or TLR8 activation and which are secondary responses driven by type I IFN or cytokines produced subsequent to the primary response. Using cell sorting, gene expression analysis, and intracellular cytokine staining, we have found that the IFN regulatory factor (IRF) and NF-κB pathways are differentially activated downstream of the TLRs in various cell types. Studies with an anti-IFNAR Ab in human cells and lupus mice showed that inhibiting IFN activity can block secondary IFN-induced gene expression changes downstream of TLR7/8 activation, but not NF-κB–regulated genes induced directly by TLR7/8 activation at earlier timepoints. In summary, these results elucidate the different roles TLR7 and TLR8 play in immunity and inform strategies for potential treatment of autoimmune diseases driven by TLR7/8 activation.
European Union: Collective bargaining and internal flexibility during the Great Recession
Authors: Ruesga Santos M. , de Pablos María Isabel Heredero , Da Silva Bichara Julimar , Ortiz Laura Pérez , Apaolaza Ana Viñas , Monsueto Sandro Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe paper’s main objective is to analyze the collective bargaining response in terms of internal flexibility during the Great Recession (GR) in five EU countries (Spain, Germany, France, Italy, United Kingdom), and three economic sectors (industry, commerce and hospitality, and financial services and real estate), at the establishment level (ECS2013 database). The theoretical framework used is linked to the varieties of unionism and to the debate on the tendency towards the international homogenization or heterogenization of collective bargaining between the European Union countries. Using a descriptive statistical analysis and a probit model, this paper presents new evidences. However, the responses were heterogeneous between countries and sectors, the use of internal functional flexibility has been more intense than the numerical and salary internal flexibility. Moreover, it is related to the intensity of GR. These results, in general, while requiring a more detailed analysis of the effects of the GR on internal flexibility in the EU countries, contribute to introducing a new perspective in the socioeconomic literature about the collective bargaining and internal flexibility.
Accurate 3-D radiative transfer simulation of spectral solar irradiance during the total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017
Authors: Ockenfuß Paul , Emde Claudia , Mayer Bernhard , Bernhard Germar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We calculate the variation of spectral solar irradiance in the umbral shadow of the total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017 and compare it to observations. Starting from the Sun's and Moon's positions, we derive a realistic profile of the lunar shadow at the top of the atmosphere, including the effect of solar limb darkening. Subsequently, the Monte Carlo model MYSTIC (Monte Carlo code for the phYSically correct Tracing of photons In Cloudy atmospheres) is used to simulate the transfer of solar radiation through the Earth's atmosphere. Among the effects taken into account are the atmospheric state (pressure, temperature), concentrations of major gas constituents and the curvature of the Earth, as well as the reflectance and elevation of the surrounding area. We apply the model to the total solar eclipse on 21 August 2017 at a position located in Oregon, USA, where irradiance observations were performed for wavelengths between 306 and 1020 nm. The influence of the surface reflectance, the ozone profile, the mountains surrounding the observer and aerosol is investigated. An increased sensitivity during totality is found for the reflectance, aerosol and topography, compared to non-eclipse conditions. During the eclipse, the irradiance at the surface not only depends on the total ozone column (TOC) but also on the vertical ozone distribution, which in general complicates derivations of the TOC from spectral surface irradiance. The findings are related to an analysis of the prevailing photon path and its difference compared to non-eclipse conditions. Using the most realistic estimate for each parameter, the model is compared to the irradiance observations.
During totality, the relative difference between model and observations is less than 10 % in the spectral range from 400 to 1020 nm. Slightly larger deviations occur in the ultraviolet range below 400 and at 665 nm.
A universal multifractal approach to assessment of spatiotemporal extreme precipitation over the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Gao Guangyao , Fu Bojie , Wang Cong , Gupta Hoshin V. , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Rui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Extreme precipitation (EP) is a major external agent driving various natural hazards in the Loess Plateau (LP), China. However, the characteristics of the spatiotemporal EP responsible for such hazardous situations remain poorly understood. We integrate universal multifractals with a segmentation algorithm to characterize a physically meaningful threshold for EP (EPT). Using daily data from 1961 to 2015, we investigate the spatiotemporal variation of EP over the LP. Our results indicate that (with precipitation increasing) EPTs range from 17.3 to 50.3 mm d−1, while the mean annual EP increases from 35 to 138 mm from the northwestern to the southeastern LP. Further, historically, the EP frequency (EPF) has spatially varied from 54 to 116 d, with the highest EPF occurring in the mid-southern and southeastern LP where precipitation is much more abundant. However, EP intensities tend to be strongest in the central LP, where precipitation also tends to be scarce, and get progressively weaker as we move towards the margins (similarly to EP severity). An examination of atmospheric
circulation patterns indicates that the central LP is the inland boundary with respect to the reach and impact of
tropical cyclones in China, resulting in the highest EP intensities and EP severities being observed in this area. Under the control of the East Asian monsoon, precipitation from June to September accounts for 72 % of the total amount, and 91 % of the total EP events are concentrated between June and August. Further, EP events occur, on average, 11 d earlier than the wettest part of the season. These phenomena are responsible for the most serious natural hazards in the LP, especially in the central LP region. Spatiotemporally, 91.4 % of the LP has experienced a downward trend in precipitation, whereas 62.1 % of the area has experienced upward trends in the EP indices, indicating the potential risk of more serious hazardous situations. The universal multifractal approach considers the physical processes and probability distribution of precipitation, thereby providing a formal framework for spatiotemporal EP assessment at the regional scale.
“George Antrobus”: Genius in a Name
Authors: Rojcewicz Stephen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy naming the protagonist of The Skin of Our Teeth “George Antrobus,” Thornton Wilder alludes to numerous multicultural and multilingual contexts. Although critics have noted that “Antrobus” derives from the Greek anthrōpos, this article details additional associations, including the Second Choral Ode in Sophocles's Antigone and the riddle of the Sphinx. Anthrōpos is the Greek Septuagint term for Adam and the New Testament basis of the “Son of Man.” “Antrobus” further derives from andra, the first word of The Odyssey, reinforcing the identification of Antrobus as a sea wanderer and hero. Sabina's question “whether we're all living back in caves” has its etymological basis in the Latin antrum, “cave.” The name “George Antrobus” is a synthesis of genius, signaling the relevance of epic, tragedy, mythology, religious scripture, and history to The Skin of Our Teeth—with only two words.
The Foundations of the Internal Market: Free Trade Area and Customs Union under Articles 28-31 TFEU
Authors: Enchelmaier Stefan 
Published: February 2020

The Foundations of the Internal Market: Free Trade Area and Customs Union under Articles 28-31 TFEU
This contribution places the provisions of the Treaty creating a free trade area and customs union between the Member States (Articles 28-31 TFEU) in their wider context. It then focuses on the interpretation of Article 30 in the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Throughout, it casts sideways glances at corresponding provisions of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). As it turns out, the abolition of customs duties and charges having equivalent effect, and the establishment of a customs union between Member States, were important milestones in the development of European unification. They became overshadowed later by more spectacular developments in the case law on the free movement of goods, persons and services. As a consequence, the importance of the customs provisions is widely underrated. Brexit concentrates the minds in this respect, as an important economy is about to rearrange and even recreate the basic building blocks of its international trading relations.
A EUTANÁSIA E O DIREITO DE ESCOLHA DO PACIENTE
Authors: Lugo Murilo Aparecido Andrade , Cordazzo Karine 
Published: February 2020

Resumo: A Eutanásia em sua tradução Literal significa Boa Morte, e é um tema muito discutido na sociedade atual. Muitos acreditam que seja um ato de misericórdia para com o paciente que está sofrendo, outros que é um crime contra a vida. A proposta é que este trabalho estude e trate da Eutanásia, mais precisamente sobre o direito à prática da Eutanásia. Abordar-se-á no presente trabalho, a atual legislação e o anteprojeto (Projeto de Lei nº 236/12) do Código Penal, tipificando autonomamente a Eutanásia, por ser essa uma conduta revestida de sensibilidade e piedade, mas que apresenta uma série de pontos controversos, polêmicas e dúvidas. Aborda em seu principal escopo o direito sobre a vida e sobre a morte, quando e quais direitos devem triunfar, e razões, favoráveis ou contrárias a aplicabilidade da Eutanásia bem como aborda os conflitos constitucionais envolvendo tal tema no Brasil e quais são as possíveis soluções para tais conflitos. Além disso, há o estudo de quais países foram os pioneiros na legalização do instituto da Eutanásia, os motivos que levaram a essa legalização, os resultados provenientes da tipificação da Eutanásia nesses países e como podem servir de exemplo para que outros países sigam o mesmo caminho.
Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, revistas e artigos para a realização do presente trabalho.

Abstract: Euthanasia in its literal translation means Good Death, and is a much discussed topic in today's society. More crimes are an act of mercy towards the patient who is suffering, others that is a crime against life. The proposal is this work of study of Euthanasia, more precisely for the right to practice Euthanasia. The current legislation and draft law no. 236/12 of the Penal Code will be approached in this work, typifying autonomy euthanasia, because this is a program that is sensitive and pitiful but presents a series of controversial points, controversies and doubts. It addresses, in its main scope, the right to life and death, when and those that fall into the triumph, and the reasons, favorable or contrary to an application of euthanasia, as well as its constitutional approach such conflicts , the legalization of the euthanasia institute must be taken seriously, the reasons that lead to this legalization, the results of the euthanasia typing, and the possibility of serving the example for the other countries follow the same path.
The research was bibliographical in books, magazines and articles for the accomplishment of the present work.
La socialización diferencial emocional de género como factor predictor del carácter
Authors: Suberviola Ovejas Iratxe 
Published: February 2020

Este artículo se enclava en la actual corriente que considera que el análisis de las competencias emocionales por cuestión de género necesita matización, puesto que en ocasiones los resultados aportados están referidos al “sexo” y no al “género”. En las siguientes páginas se realiza un análisis de diferentes investigaciones sobre competencias emocionales y la variable “sexo”/”género” estableciendo tres categorías: competencias emocionales y “sexo”; competencias emocionales y “género”; competencias emocionales y su relación con la socialización diferencial emocional de género.
Tras el análisis se apunta que teniendo en cuenta el vínculo entre las habilidades emocionales y la formación del carácter, el género sería un factor predictor de este.
This article follows the current that considers that the analysis of emotional competences and gender needs clarification because sometimes the results are referred to “sex” and not “gender”. This document is an analysis of different research about emotional competences and the variable “sex”/”gender”. There are three categories: emotional competences and “sex”; emotional competencies and “gender” and; emotional competencies and its relationship with the emotinal differential socialization of gender.
The analysis indicates, keep it in mind the bond between emotional habilities an character training, the gender would be a predictor of this.
The practicality of different eGFR equations in centenarians and near-centenarians: which equation should we choose?
Authors: Han Qiuxia , Zhang Dong , Zhao Yali , Liu Liang , Li Jing , Zhang Fu , Luan Fuxin , Duan Jiayu , Liu Zhangsuo , Cai Guangyan , Chen Xiangmei , Zhu Hanyu 
Published: February 2020

Background
No studies have examined the practicality of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiological Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Berlin Initiative Study 1 (BIS1) equations for the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a large sample of centenarians. We aim to investigate the differences among the equations and suggest the most suitable equation for centenarians and near-centenarians.

Methods
A total of 966 centenarians and 787 near-centenarians were enrolled, and the eGFR was calculated using the three equations mentioned above. Agreement among the equations was investigated with the κ statistic and Bland–Altman plots. Sources of discrepancy were investigated using a partial correlation analysis.

Results
The three equations for assessing eGFR are not considered interchangeable in centenarians and near-centenarians. Δ(MDRD, CKD-EPI) and Δ(MDRD, BIS1) increased with age, but Δ(CKD-EPI, BIS1) was relatively stable with age. Δ(MDRD, CKD-EPI) and Δ(MDRD, BIS1) were considerable in subjects with Scr levels less than 0.7 mg/dL and decreased with the Scr level. A considerable difference between CKD-EPI and BIS1 was observed for participants with Scr levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dL. This difference increased with Scr levels ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 mg/dL, was relatively stable for Scr levels ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 mg/dL, and decreased with Scr levels ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 mg/dL. The differences in the three comparisons were all greater in women than in men (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
We tend to suggest the MDRD equation to calculate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in elderly individuals >95 years old who have no risk factors for cardiovascular disease; the BIS1 equation to calculate the eGFR for elderly individuals younger than 94 years old who have risk factors for cardiovascular disease; the CKD-EPI equation to calculate the eGFR of elderly individuals with Scr levels greater than 1.5 mg/dL; and the BIS1 equation to calculate the eGFR of older women with Scr levels less than 0.7 mg/dL.