bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of health risks using metataxonomic and antibiotic resistance profiles of microbes in flood affected waterbodies, Kerala 2018
Authors: Shankar Aparna , Jagajeedas Devika , Radhakrishnan Megha Periyappilly , Paul Merin , Narendrakumar Lekshmi , Suryaletha Karthika , Akhila Velappan Savithri , Nair Sudha Babu , Thomas Sabu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe floods of 2018 caused havoc in the State of Kerala, situated in the extreme south‐west of India, in terms of infrastructure and health. This research article provides the first‐ever assessment of the bacterial diversity and its antibiotic susceptibility of the inundated areas of Pampa, Periyar and Vembanad waterbodies by comparing the data collected in two different time intervals succeeding the calamitous floods that is, immediately after flood and 5 months post‐flood. An elevated total coliform count was detected in the waterbodies after the flood thereby rendering it unsafe for drinking. Variation in bacterial diversity was observed in the river and lake water samples with a distinct increase in that of the river samples immediately after flood indicated by shannon diversity index (>5.5). Resistance to ampicillin and cefotaxime was observed in a major proportion of isolates from the three biotopes thus indicating the influence of antibiotic wastes accumulated from different sources of human interventions. Furthermore, operational taxonomic units clustering to Acinetobacter, Legionella, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia genera were detected by metataxonomic analysis which portray as a potential health risk in the future. The article emphasises the importance of adopting sanitation programmes for effective management of epidemic outbreaks post floods.
Efficacy of urgent colonoscopy for colonic diverticular bleeding: A propensity score‐matched analysis using a nationwide database in Japan
Authors: Moroi Rintaro , Tarasawa Kunio , Shiga Hisashi , Yano Kota , Shimoyama Yusuke , Kuroha Masatake , Kakuta Yoichi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) is considered to have good prognosis with conservative therapy, some cases are severe. The efficacy of urgent colonoscopy for CDB and clinical factors affecting CDB prognosis are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of urgent colonoscopy for CDB and identify risk factors for unfavorable events, including in‐hospital death during admission, owing to CDB.MethodsWe collected CDB patients' data using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database system. We divided eligible patients into urgent and elective colonoscopy groups using propensity score matching and compared endoscopic hemostasis and in‐hospital death rates and length of hospital stay. We also conducted logistic regression analysis to identify clinical factors affecting CBD clinical events, including in‐hospital death, a relatively rare CDB complication.ResultsUrgent colonoscopy reduced the in‐hospital death rate (0.35% vs 0.58%, P = 0.033) and increased the endoscopic hemostasis rate (3.0% vs 1.7%, P < 0.0001) compared with elective colonoscopy. Length of hospitalization was shorter in the urgent than in the elective colonoscopy group (8 vs 9 days, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis also revealed that urgent colonoscopy reduced in‐hospital death (odds ratio = 0.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.97, P = 0.036) and increased endoscopic hemostasis (odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.53–2.22, P < 0.0001).ConclusionUrgent colonoscopy for CDB may facilitate identification of the bleeding site and reduce in‐hospital death. The necessity and appropriate timing of urgent colonoscopy should be considered based on patients' condition.
Combined isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol and low‐fluence Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser for the treatment of facial hyperpigmentation: A randomized, split‐face study
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Leerunyakul Kanchana , Kositkuljorn Chaninan , Chayavichitsilp Pamela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIsobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol (ITR) is a novel anti‐tyrosinase recently shown to be effective in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Low‐fluence Q‐switched Nd:YAG 1064‐nm laser (LFQS) has proven to be effective for various hyperpigmentary conditions. However, there is no study on the efficacy and safety of combined ITR and LFQS treatment.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of combined ITR and LFQS with LFQS monotherapy for facial hyperpigmentation.Materials and MethodsPatients with symmetrical facial hyperpigmentation were treated with five sessions of once weekly LFQS on the whole face. One side was randomly treated with ITR and the other side received a placebo cream for 12 weeks. Patients were followed for 8 weeks after the last laser treatment. Relative lightness index (RL*I), Facial Hyperpigmentation Severity Score on the malar area (FHSSm), patient satisfaction, recurrence, and adverse events were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐four patients completed the study. Both sides demonstrated significant reductions of mean RL*I and mean FHSSm from baseline (P < .01). At the 4th week, the ITR‐treated side showed more improvement of mean RL*I than the placebo‐treated side (62.5% vs 47.3% improvement, P < .05). The mean FHSSm on the ITR‐treated was reduced at a significantly higher percentage than the placebo‐treated side (54.4% vs 40.2% reduction, P < .05). Partial recurrence was observed on both sides. No serious side effects were noted.ConclusionCombined ITR and LFQS therapy was more superior than LFQS monotherapy in the treatment of facial hyperpigmentation. ITR may serve as adjuvant for patients with such condition.
Novel Ultrafast Spiral Head MR Angiography Compared to Standard MR and CT Angiography
Authors: Greve Tobias , Sollmann Nico , Hock Andreas , Zimmer Claus , Kirschke Jan S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIntracranial vessel imaging by time‐of‐flight MR angiography (TOF‐MRA) is one of the most frequently performed investigations in clinical neuroradiology. Particularly in the acute setting, fast imaging is needed for diagnostics, with a sequence ideally depicting even small vessels. The purpose of this study was to compare image and diagnostic quality of a novel ultrashort TOF‐MRA sequence accelerated by spiral imaging (TOF‐Spiral‐short) to a standard TOF‐MRA sequence accelerated by compressed sensing (TOF‐CS) and to CT angiography (CTA).METHODSForty‐one patients (36.6% showing vessel pathologies) who had undergone TOF‐CS (acquisition duration: 4 minutes 8 seconds), TOF‐Spiral‐short (acquisition duration: 51 seconds; spiral imaging [accelerating factor 1.3], decreased field of view [accelerating factor 1.2], and increased voxel size [accelerating factor 3.3]), and CTA were retrospectively evaluated. Assessment of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and quantification of stenosis or aneurysm diameter were performed by two readers.RESULTSImage quality at the skull base was slightly reduced with TOF‐Spiral‐short compared to CTA and TOF‐CS (P < .05). Delineation of small intracranial vessels was improved by TOF‐Spiral‐short compared to CTA (P < .0001). In TOF‐Spiral‐short, diagnostic confidence was not reduced compared to TOF‐CS in patients with vessel pathologies. We observed no significant difference in quantitative pathology assessment between TOF‐Spiral‐short and the other two modalities. TOF‐Spiral‐short enabled the correct identification of all vessel pathologies.CONCLUSIONSAccelerating TOF‐MRA of brain‐feeding arteries by a novel ultrashort spiral imaging sequence shows adequate image quality and sufficient diagnostic performance. Thus, TOF‐Spiral‐short holds potential for fast and reliable diagnostics of vessel pathologies, particularly in the acute setting.
Landscape genomics reveals genetic evidence of local adaptation in a widespread tree, the Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera)
Authors: Li Lin‐Feng , Cushman Samuel A. , He Yan‐Xia , Ma Xiao‐Fei , Ge Xue‐Jun , Li Jia‐Xin , Qian Zhi‐Hao , Li Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic basis underpinning local adaptation is one of the fundamental issues in ecological and evolutionary biology. In this study, we investigated the genomic basis underlying local adaptation of the Chinese wingnut (Pterocarya stenopteraC. DC). Our population genomic analyses revealed nine spatial genetic clusters across the current distribution range of this species. Based on the assessment of genetic–environment association, we found that adaptive divergence of theP. stenopterapopulations were mainly shaped by solar radiation during fruit development, temperature seasonality, annual temperature, precipitation, and air humidity. In particular, our genome‐wide scanning identified a total of 801 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are highly correlated with diverse environmental factors. Further functional annotation of the SNPs identified some candidate genes that are involved into temperature, water, and light adaptation. Taken together, our results suggest that natural selection during local adaptation has contributed to the success of survival to diverse heterogenous environmental conditions. Our study provides important insights into the fundamental knowledge of the genetic basis underlying the local adaptation of non‐model species.
Proton pump inhibitors and odds of cholangiocarcinoma: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Xiong Jianping , Wang Yaqin , Xu Weiyu , Liu Zhisong , Wang Haochen , Zhang Zhiyuan , Han Yanjing , Yin Chao , Cao Shasha , Yang Zheran , Su Tianhao , Wei Jian , Chen Guang , Jin Long 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been reported to be associated with cholangitis and might possibly be carcinogenic. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the association of PPIs with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Thus, a hospital‐based case‐control study was carried out in China to explore the association between PPIs and CCA.MethodsIn this study, 1468 CCA cases (826 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and 642 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC)) were included, which were observed at Beijing Friendship Hospital, from February 2002 to October 2018. We retrospectively extracted PPI use and other possible risk factors from clinical records, followed by an investigation of the relationship with CCA via calculation of odds ratios (ORs), adjusted odds ratios (AORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression analysis.ResultsPPIs were used by 135 (9.2%) CCA cases and 173 (5.9%) controls. We found that PPI use was associated with a 1.61‐fold elevated CCA odds (P < .001) (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.28‐2.05; P < .001). After stratification by CCA subtypes, the AORs of PPIs were consistent for both CCA subtypes, with ORs of 1.36 (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.83; P = .003) and 1.95 (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.46‐2.62; P < .001) for ICC and ECC respectively. Our results also showed that PPI use was slightly linked to the odds of CCA in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionPPI use was correlated with a significant 61% increased odds of CCA, particularly in the ECC. However, the retrospective design and observational nature cannot establish causation. Larger scale, multi‐centre prospective studies are required for further validation.
Anorectal manometry in pediatric settings: A systematic review of 227 studies
Authors: Yates Gregory , Friedmacher Florian , Cleeve Stewart , Athanasakos Eleni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is wide variation in the clinical use of diagnostic tools for children with chronic constipation and functional/structural fecal incontinence (CCFSFI). Anorectal manometry (ARM) is a well‐recognized technique to assess the function of the anorectum.PurposeOur aim was to perform an up‐to‐date review on ARM in pediatric patients with CCFSFI, with specific focus on the indication of use and protocol. Variation of its use in pediatrics will be explored.MethodsA systematic search was conducted for empirical studies utilizing ARM with a pediatric sample. A keyword search of literature published in English before July 2018 was conducted and updated to October 2019. Data on demographics, clinical information, study aims, ARM parameters and use of sedation/anesthesia were collected.Key ResultsA total of 227 studies were included in this systematic review. The age of study participants at the time of ARM ranged from birth to 18 years. ARM was most commonly used in patients with organic conditions (65%) compared to functional constipation (41%). In almost half [108/227 (48%)] of the studies, ARM was performed awake. The ARM parameters most frequently assessed were the rectoanal inhibitory reflex, which was evaluated in 198/227 studies (87%) and the anal resting pressure [166/227 studies (73%)].Conclusions and InferencesThis systematic review has highlighted the vast variation of ARM use within pediatrics and the need to strive toward standardization and use of consensus guidelines. We anticipate this will further advance our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in children with defecation disorders.
Evidence for mycorrhizal cheating in Apostasia nipponica, an early‐diverging member of the Orchidaceae
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Matsubayashi Jun 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Most land plants, from liverworts to angiosperms, form mutualistic mycorrhizal symbioses with fungal partners. However, several plants known as mycoheterotrophs exploit fungal partners by reversing the polarity of carbon movement, which usually moves from plant to fungus.

We investigated the physiological ecology of a photosynthetic orchid, Apostasia nipponica, which belongs to the first branching group within the Orchidaceae, to improve our understanding of mycoheterotrophic evolution in orchids. The fungal symbionts and nutrition modes of A. nipponica were investigated using molecular barcoding and carbon‐13 (13C) and nitrogen‐15 (15N) measurements, respectively.

Community profiling based on a metabarcoding technique revealed that A. nipponica associates with specific Ceratobasidium spp. within ectomycorrhizas‐forming clades, whereas isotope analysis revealed that A. nipponica was similar to fully mycoheterotrophic orchids in its 13C signature and was even more enriched in 15N than most of the fully mycoheterotrophic orchids that exploit ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Our molecular and mass‐spectrometric approaches demonstrated, for the first time, that a member of the Apostasioideae, the earliest‐diverging lineage of the Orchidaceae, gains carbon through both photosynthesis and fungal cheating (i.e. partial mycoheterotrophy) during the adult stage.
Apple B‐box protein BBX37 regulates jasmonic acid mediated cold tolerance through the JAZ‐BBX37‐ICE1‐CBF pathway and undergoes MIEL1‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: An Jian‐Ping , Wang Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Wei , You Chun‐Xiang , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: October 2020

Summary

The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in the cold stress response, and the inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1)‐ C‐repeat binding factor (CBF) regulatory cascade plays a key role in the regulation of cold stress tolerance. In this study, we showed that a novel B‐box (BBX) protein MdBBX37 positively regulates JA‐mediated cold‐stress resistance in apple.

We found that MdBBX37 bound to the MdCBF1 and MdCBF4 promoters to activate their transcription, and also interacted with MdICE1 to enhance the transcriptional activity of MdICE1 on MdCBF1, thus promoting its cold tolerance.

Two JA signaling repressors, MdJAZ1 and MdJAZ2 (JAZ, JAZMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN), interacted with MdBBX37 to repress the transcriptional activity of MdBBX37 on MdCBF1 and MdCBF4, and also interfered with the interaction between MdBBX37 and MdICE1, thus negatively regulating JA‐mediated cold tolerance. E3 ligase MdMIEL1 (MIEL1, MYB30‐Interacting E3 Ligase1) reduced MdBBX37‐improved cold resistance by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the MdBBX37 protein.

The data reveal that MIEL1 and JAZ proteins co‐regulate JA‐mediated cold stress tolerance through the BBX37‐ICE1‐CBF module in apple. These results will aid further examination of the post‐translational modification of BBX proteins and the regulatory mechanism of JA‐mediated cold stress tolerance.
Effectiveness of vergence/accommodative therapy for accommodative dysfunction in children with convergence insufficiency
Authors: Chen Angela M , Roberts Tawna L , Cotter Susan A , Kulp Marjean T , Sinnott Loraine T , Borsting Eric J , Tea Yin C , Jones‐Jordan Lisa A , Hertle Richard , Mitchell G Lynn , Eugene Arnold L , Chase Christopher , Scheiman Mitchell M ,   the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial – Attention and Reading Trial (CITT‐ART) Investigator Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effectiveness of office‐based vergence/accommodative therapy for improving accommodative amplitude and accommodative facility in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency and accommodative dysfunction.MethodsWe report changes in accommodative function following therapy among participants in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial – Attention and Reading Trial with decreased accommodative amplitude (115 participants in vergence/accommodative therapy; 65 in placebo therapy) or decreased accommodative facility (71 participants in vergence/accommodative therapy; 37 in placebo therapy) at baseline. The primary analysis compared mean change in amplitude and facility between the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups using analyses of variance models after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of treatment. The proportions of participants with normal amplitude and facility at each time point were calculated. The average rate of change in amplitude and facility from baseline to week 4, and from weeks 4 to 16, were determined in the vergence/accommodative therapy group.ResultsFrom baseline to 16 weeks, the mean improvement in amplitude was 8.6 dioptres (D) and 5.2 D in the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups, respectively (mean difference = 3.5 D, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5 to 5.5 D; p = 0.01). The mean improvement in facility was 13.5 cycles per minute (cpm) and 7.6 cpm in the vergence/accommodative and placebo therapy groups, respectively (mean difference = 5.8 cpm, 95% CI: 3.8 to 7.9 cpm; p < 0.0001). Significantly greater proportions of participants treated with vergence/accommodative therapy achieved a normal amplitude (69% vs. 32%, difference = 37%, 95% CI: 22 to 51%; p < 0.0001) and facility (85% vs. 49%, difference = 36%, 95% CI: 18 to 55%; p < 0.0001) than those who received placebo therapy. In the vergence/accommodative therapy group, amplitude increased at an average rate of 1.5 D per week during the first 4 weeks (p < 0.0001), then slowed to 0.2 D per week (p = 0.002) from weeks 4 to 16. Similarly, facility increased at an average rate of 1.5 cpm per week during the first 4 weeks (p < 0.0001), then slowed to 0.6 cpm per week from weeks 4 to 16 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionOffice‐based vergence/accommodative therapy is effective for improving accommodative function in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency and coexisting accommodative dysfunction.
His bundle pacing in a young child guided by electroanatomical mapping
Authors: Žižek David , Štublar Jernej , Weiss Miha , Jan Matevž 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPediatric patients with complete congenital atrio‐ventricular (AV) block are generally exposed to life‐long dyssynchronous right ventricular (RV) pacing. His bundle pacing (HBP) is an alternative method of pacing that better restores physiological ventricular activation which could prevent pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy. We present a case of a 5‐year‐old child with complete AV block who underwent successful permanent HBP implantation. Three‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping system was used to facilitate the procedure and reduce the fluoroscopy time. There were no acute procedure‐related complications, and electrical parameters were stable at short‐term follow‐up.
Resistance of kiwifruit cultivars to ceratocystis wilt: An approach considering the genetic diversity and variation in aggressiveness of the pathogen
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo S. S. , Pimenta Lucas V. A. , Guimarães Lúcio M. S. , de Souza Paulo V. D. , Bhering Leonardo L. , Alfenas Acelino C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is native to southern China, but was first cultivated in New Zealand and then spread worldwide. Emerging diseases such as ceratocystis wilt have attracted the attention of kiwifruit growers due to the great losses observed in southern Brazil. Effective control can be achieved by screening for resistance, but the genetic variability of the pathogen must be considered. Thus, this study aimed to assess the genetic diversity and variation in aggressiveness of Ceratocystis isolates from kiwifruit in southern Brazil and then evaluate the resistance of kiwifruit cultivars with the most aggressive isolates. A collection of 46 isolates were obtained from southern Brazil and 14 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers was successfully used for genotyping. Out of 14 markers, 13 were polymorphic and identified 26 genotypes. Fourteen distinct genotypes were tested on a susceptible cultivar to select the most aggressive ones. Finally, inoculation with an equal mixture of five of the most aggressive isolates was used to evaluate the resistance of seven kiwifruit cultivars: Red Arguta, Green Arguta, Allison, Chieftain, Hayward, Monty, and Tomury. Cultivars varied in levels of susceptibility, with disease severity ranging from 40% to 100%. Considering the length of stem lesions, Chieftain showed the lowest level of severity at 40%, while no wilt symptoms were observed at 45 days after inoculation. In addition to the seven cultivars, a half‐sibling progeny with 618 plants of the rootstock cv. Bruno was also assessed, but only seven individuals were resistant. These seven plants can be cloned and used as resistant rootstocks in commercial orchards.
New insights into virus yellows distribution in Europe and effects of beet yellows virus, beet mild yellowing virus, and beet chlorosis virus on sugar beet yield following field inoculation
Authors: Hossain Roxana , Menzel Wulf , Lachmann Celin , Varrelmann Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBeet yellows virus (BYV), beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), beet chlorosis virus (BChV), and beet mosaic virus (BtMV) cause virus yellows (VY) disease in sugar beet. The main virus vector is the aphid Myzus persicae. Due to efficient vector control by neonicotinoid seed treatment over the last decades, there is no current knowledge regarding virus species distribution. Therefore, Europe‐wide virus monitoring was carried out from 2017 to 2019, where neonicotinoids were banned in 2019. The monitoring showed that closterovirus BYV is currently widely spread in northern Europe. The poleroviruses BMYV and BChV were most frequently detected in the northern and western regions. The potyvirus BtMV was only sporadically detected. To study virus infestation and influence on yield, viruses were transmitted to sugar beet plants using viruliferous M. persicae in quadruplicate field plots with 10% inoculation density simulating natural infection. A plant‐to‐plant virus spread was observed within 4 weeks. A nearly complete infection of all plants was observed in all treatments at harvest. In accordance with these findings, a significant yield reduction was caused by BMYV and BChV (−23% and −24%) and only a moderate reduction in yield was observed for BYV (−10%). This study showed that inoculation at low densities mimics natural infection, and quick spreading induced representative yield effects. Within the background of a post‐neonicotinoid era, this provides the basis to screen sugar beet genotypes for the selection of virus tolerance/resistance and to test the effectiveness of insecticides for the control of M. persicae with a manageable workload.