bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly symmetric and tunable tunnel couplings in InAs/InP nanowire heterostructure quantum dots
Authors: Thomas Frederick S , Baumgartner Andreas , Gubser Lukas , Jünger Christian , Fülöp Gergő , Nilsson Malin , Rossi Francesca , Zannier Valentina , Sorba Lucia , Schönenberger Christian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a comprehensive electrical characterization of an InAs/InP nanowire (NW) heterostructure, comprising of two InP barriers forming a quantum dot (QD), two adjacent lead segments and two metallic contacts. We demonstrate how to extract valuable quantitative information of the QD. The QD shows very regular Coulomb blockade resonances over a large gate voltage range. By analyzing the resonance line shapes, we map the evolution of the tunnel couplings from the few to the many electron regime, with electrically tunable tunnel couplings from <1 μeV to >600 μeV, and a transition from the temperature to the lifetime broadened regime. The InP segments form tunnel barriers with almost fully symmetric tunnel couplings and a barrier height of ∼350 meV. All of these findings can be understood in great detail based on the deterministic material composition and geometry. Our results demonstrate that integrated InAs/InP QDs provide a promising platform for electron tunneling spectroscopy in InAs NWs, which can readily be contacted by a variety of superconducting materials to investigate subgap states in proximitized NW regions, or be used to characterize thermoelectric nanoscale devices in the quantum regime.
Towards phonon routing: controlling propagating acoustic waves in the quantum regime
Authors: Ekström M K , Aref T , Ask A , Andersson G , Suri B , Sanada H , Johansson G , Delsing P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We explore routing of propagating phonons in analogy with previous experiments on photons. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in the microwave regime are scattered by a superconducting transmon qubit. The transmon can be tuned on or off resonance with the incident SAW field using an external magnetic field or the Autler–Townes effect, and thus the reflection and transmission of the SAW field can be controlled in time. We observe 80% extinction in the transmission of the low power continuous signal and a 40 ns rise time of the router. The slow propagation speed of SAWs on solid surfaces allows for in-flight manipulations of the propagating phonons. The ability to route short, 100 ns, pulses enables new functionality, for instance to catch an acoustic phonon between two qubits and then release it in a controlled direction.
Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications. The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin’s birth
Authors: Shoba S A , Krasilnikov P V , Umarova A B , Arkhangelskaya T A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The International Conference to commemorate the 90th anniversary of A. D. Voronin’s birth «Key concepts of soil physics: development, future prospects and current applications» was held in Moscow on May 27–31, 2019. The topics of the conference were: soil solid phase (surface phenomena, soil structure and pore space); fundamental and applied aspects of soil hydrology; migration of toxicants and salts in soil; matter and energy fluxes in soil and landscape; soil temperature and cryogenesis; spatio-temporal heterogeneity and soil evolution; mathematical modeling in soil physics and environmental science; the intra-soil physical conditions and their impact on soil biota; recultivated and urban soils; scientific and applied aspects of land reclamation; food security and digital (smart) agriculture as modern challenges of applied soil physics.
Changes in rheological behaviour of sod-podzolic and chernozem soils involved in agricultural use
Authors: Aleksandrova M S , Umarova A B , Pochatkova T N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Presented are the results of comparative studies of sod-podzolic soil, typical chernozem and chernozem merged in different land use conditions. While identifying the physicomechanical properties under loading-unloading cycle, it was revealed that the soils with the highest percentage of physical clay demonstrate a higher capability of restoring the soil structure.
Specific surface area of strongly swelling polymer hydrogels for agriculture
Authors: Bashina A S , Smagin A V , Sadovnikova N B , Belyaeva E A , Korchagina K V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study is the first attempt in soil physics to estimate the effective specific surface area of strongly swelling polymer hydrogels as soil conditioners of a new generation. Along with the standard assessment of water vapor desorption isotherms by the BET method, a new method for determining the specific surface area deduced from the slope of water retention curves was used. Water desorption isotherms and water retention curves were obtained by a dynamic sorption equilibrium method and by a new method of thermodesorption. The specific surface area values of synthetic polymer hydrogels ranged from 468 to 1029 m2/g. An innovative Russian product VM-P with amphiphilic filler in the form of dispersed peat had the maximum specific surface area among all studied types of hydrogels. Water absorption properties and dispersion of gels have a hysteresis caused, presumably, by the dynamics of dispersion in the cycles of wetting-drying.
Copper and zinc adsorption by Chernozems of different textures
Authors: Bauer T V , Pinskii D L , Minkina T M , Zamulina I V , Sushkova S N , Zamulina I V , Mandzhieva S S , Bren D V , Barakhov A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The dependence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by Chernozems of the Rostov region on the soil texture was examined. The thermodynamic parameters of the Langmuir equation (Kl and C∞) were calculated for all the studied samples. According to the adsorption parameters, the metal cations were arranged in the order Cu2+ > Zn2+. The adsorption of the studied heavy metals and the strength of their fixation on the surface of soil particles decreased with a decrease in the percent of the clay fraction in the particle size distribution of the soils. A correlation analysis of the relationships between the adsorption parameters and the contents of particles <0.01 and <0.001 mm in the soil samples showed that the maximum adsorption (C∞) of the metals mainly depends on the particle size, whereas the strength of adsorption is largely controlled by the chemical and mineralogical composition of the soil particles.
Application of neural network pedotransfer functions to calculate soil water retention curve
Authors: Belik A A , Bolotov A G , Shein E V , Kokoreva A A , Levin A A , Yu Patrushev V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of soil hydrophysical parameters modeling by neural networks are considered. Modern computing facilities using pedotransfer functions provide simplicity, speed and cheapening of obtaining soil characteristics by mathematical calculations. The initial data are the basic properties of the soil, which are stably determined. The analysis of errors in the calculation of hydrophysical parameter was conducted. Obtained neural networks most accurately reproduce hydrophysical parameters.
Wettability of soil surface as a property of solid phase studied for Chernozems of Kursk region
Authors: Bykova G S , Tyugai Z , Yu Milanovskiy E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Soil surface wettability is the main physical property that defines organization of elementary soil particles into soil structure. Human impact affects the changing in properties of soils under arable land use. The objective of this research is to study this impact by the example of two profiles of Chernozems (Kursk region), located under the forest and at the arable field. For both profiles some soil solid phase properties (contact angle, aggregate composition, aggregate waterstability) were measured. There was a positive correlation between the content of organic matter and soil’s wettability in studied soils – a growth of contact angle with the increasing the content of organic matter. Under the forest the content of soil organic matter was changed from 6.41% on the surface to 1.9% at the depth of 100 cm. In the Chernozem under the arable land use the organic carbon content in arable horizon is almost two times less. The maximum of hydrophobicity (78.1°) was observed at the depth of 5 cm under the forest. In the profile at the arable field the contact angle value at the same depth was 50°. The results of the structure analysis showed a decrease in the content of agronomically valuable and water stable aggregates in the profile under arable land.
On several ill-posed and ill-conditioned mathematical problems of soil physics
Authors: Glagolev M V , Sabrekov A F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Several well-known mathematical models of concentration fields in the soil (both at the single aggregate and the profile scales) are considered. It is shown that the respective boundary value problems for steady-state profiles belong to the class of ill-posed problems, since their solution does not exist. It occurs because a certain set of processes (for example, diffusion transport + first-order kinetic of the consumption) restricts possible boundary conditions, which, therefore, can no longer be arbitrary. Ill-posed inverse problems are also briefly described as well as one ill-conditioned inverse problem of parameters identification for mathematical model of the soil organic matter concentration profile. Exact solution for this model is the sum of two exponents. For a certain input data it was shown that this problem belongs to the class of ill-conditioned, since a small bias in the input data causes a significantly larger error in the solution (i.e. in calculated parameters).
Ants’ nesting activity as a factor of changes in soil physical properties
Authors: Golichenkov M V , Maksimova I A , Zakalyukina Yu V , Dymova A A , Churilina A E , Kiryushin A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the process of nesting activity ants change the physical characteristics of the soil. We studied penetration resistance of ants’ nests, their temperature regime and particle size distribution for the nests of three soil-dwelling ants species (Lasius niger, L. flavus and Formica cunicularia). Control sites were located in different regions of Russia (Ryazan region and Arkhangelsk region) on different soils (post-agro-sod-podzol gley sandy loam on alluvial-deluvial sediments in Ryazan region and developed sod-podzolic, light loamy soil on the moraine in Arkhangelsk region). So we found out that ants can reduce the penetration resistance of the soil by 8 times compared to the control (66 kPa in control soil and 7,8 kPa in ants nests). The temperature regime of anthills is more aligned and the average temperature of ants nest was lower than in the control (21,4 °C in the control soil mound and from 20,8 °C to 17,7 °C in ants nests depending on their species). The particle size distribution, by contrast, was more variable compared to the control.
Microtomography research of physical properties of urban soil
Authors: Gorbov S N , Abrosimov K N , Bezuglova O S , Skvortsova E B , Tagiverdiev S S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Physical properties and their dynamics under anthropogenic impact are important for the rational use of urban soil and its fertility management. However, due to the urban soils anthropogenic transformation features some classical methods are not applicable in specific cases. Thus, the cutting ring method for determination a soil bulk density does not give objective results in horizons with a high proportion of anthropogenic inclusions. The microtomographic method allowed us to obtain new information on the parameters of the pore space of the humus-accumulative horizons of urban soils. It is shown that the value of closed porosity is the most informative diagnostic indicator of the soil structural condition. Simultaneously, anthropogenic transformation of the soil is accompanied by a significant change in the volume of closed pores. The diameter of macropores visible in tomographic sections increases in the sequence: Urbic Technosols, Technic Chernozems (Calcic), Haplic Chernozems (Calcic).
Spatial variability of the structural state of soils in rainfed and irrigated regions of Azerbaijan
Authors: Hummatov N G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Regularities of spatial variability of the structural state of soils in rainfed and irrigated regions of Azerbaijan are discussed with application of classical statistics and geostatistics. The highest coefficient of variation is observed for water-stable aggregates >3 mm (106 %), and the lowest – for 10-0.25 mm (7.9 %). The results of geostatistical analysis show a strong spatial dependence of the indicators of wet sieving at irrigation. Structural indicators are mainly approximated by spherical and exponential models in irrigated soils, but in rainfed conditions, by linear models.
Risk assessment of pesticide leaching into groundwater based on the results of a lysimetric experiment
Authors: Kolupaeva V N , Belik A A , Kokoreva A A , Astaikina A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mobility of cyanthraniliprole, paclobutrazol and metribuzin was investigated on large lysimeters of the Experimental Soil Station of Moscow State University . Pesticides were applied in recommended and tenfold rates for cyantraniliprole and paclobuyrazol and recommended and eightfold rates for metribuzin. All three pesticides were detected in leachate. Cyantraniliprole was detected in most water samples analyzed. The maximum concentrations of cyanthraniliprole in the leachate were 2.6 and 12.5 µg L−1 in lysimeters with recommended and tenfold rates, respectively. Paclobutrazol was found 3 and 7 times during the year after application in the lysimeter with recommended and increased rates in concentrations up to 26 μg L−1. Used in accordance with the regulation, metribuzin in leachate was detected once, in eightfold rate - 73% of water samples; maximum concentration was 180 µg L−1. The migration risk into groundwater of all three studied pesticides is assessed as high, risk for people as low, risk for aquatic organisms as high. Risk and danger assessment based on simulation with model PEARL and mobility indexes showed high agreement with the assessment according to the experiment.
Thermal diffusivity of Lammelic Arenosols as related to soil moisture
Authors: Lebedev A A , Arkhangelskaya T A , Pochatkova T N , Tyugai Z 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study presents the thermal diffusivity vs. moisture content curves for sandy soils of the East European Plain. Nine undisturbed soil cores 70 mm in height and 50 mm in diameter were studied in laboratory using the unsteady-state method. Thermal diffusivity of air-dry samples varied from 2.30×10−7 to 4.16×10−7 m2 s−1. The experimental moisture content – thermal diffusivity dependencies demonstrated pronounced peaks at 0.03−0.10 m3 m−3 moisture contents. Peak values of thermal diffusivity were from 8.25×10−7 to 9.86×10−7 m2 s−1. Statistical analysis was performed for 23 sandy samples including the newly studied ones and those earlier investigated with the same unsteady-state method. The ranges of sand, silt, and clay within the whole dataset were 73−97, 0−25, and 1−6%; wet bulk density varied from 1270 to 1820 kg m−3, organic carbon ranged from 0.1 to 1.7%. Each experimental curve was parameterized with a 4-parameter function. The parameters of average moisture content – thermal diffusivity dependencies were also obtained for (1) all sandy soils, (2) sandy soils with organic carbon content of 0.5% and greater, (3) sandy soils with organic carbon content less than 0.5%.
Topsoil bulk density of abandoned rural settlements of the Russian boreal zone
Authors: Martynenko I A , Meshalkina J L , Yu Goncharuk N , Butylkina M A , Bykova G S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The topsoil bulk density of two abandoned small rural settlements situated at Tver and Yaroslavl regions of Russia was studied. The key sites had light grain soil texture. They had a long history of rural land use, and they were abandoned simultaneously. There were no stone buildings. The values of the abandoned rural settlements’ topsoil bulk density are correlated with the land use type and the time of reforestation. The topsoil bulk density of the former buildings and the dirt roads was significantly higher than the one of the plough horizons of the former gardens, orchards and arable lands (1.7 and 1.4 g/cm3, respectively). Soil horizons of former buildings’ territory are characterized by coarser granulometric composition of fine-grained fraction; however, they do not differ from plough horizons in bulk density that may be related to 2-3 times higher organic carbon content.
Information indicators of soil texture for holistic numerical assessment of soil evolution
Authors: Mikheeva I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The concept of probabilistic determinism is proposed to overcome a problem of significant soil variability which complicates finding of adequate models of soil development. Probabilistic and information indicators as characteristics of evolution of complex systems expand borders of use of soil texture results, allowing correct comparison with other natural and artificial systems on the earth and other planets. Probability distributions, statistical entropy and information divergence of granulometric fractions’ contents are investigated. It is suggested to use these functions as statistical standards of granulometric composition for territory. Regularities of change of probability distribution functions and scale-independent information characteristics allowed receiving holistic numerical assessment of influence of processes of sedimentation, weathering and soil development also geological and contemporary deflation and anthropogenic impacts on probability structure of granulometric fractions contents.
Reconstruction of Late Pleistocene sedimentation environment from data on catenary differentiation of soils and sediments along the northern slope of the Klin-Dmitrov Ridge (Russia)
Authors: Rusakov A , Popov A , Pozdnyakova A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Based on analyzing the catenary sequence of soils and parent materials down the northern slope of the Klin-Dmitrov Ridge adjacent to the Upper Volga Lowland (formerly the periglacial zone of the Russian Plain), it was revealed that sediments including sandy loams, clay loams and clays, which constituted slope terraces at heights from 130 to 180 m a.s.l. and often accounted for lithic discontinuities in soil profiles, had glacio-lacustrine genesis, i.e., they had accumulated during the existence of a periglacial dammed lake at the final stages of the Late Pleistocene.
Agrogenic soil evolution of rice agrolandscapes
Authors: Kh Sheudzhen A , Gutorova O A , Shein E V , Romanenkov V A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper describes soil chronosequence studies relating to fertility evolution of meadow-chernozemic (Gleyic Chernozem) soil of the Kuban region. The research has been conducted in the rice irrigation system of Krasnoarmeysky district, Krasnodar Krai. Over the course of 80 years with 12-year intervals, soil was sampled from pits from the plots/checks with permanent rice cultivation, or with crop rotation as well as from fallow land. Changes of morphological, physical and physico-chemical soil characteristics were studied. Rice paddy cultivation results in removal from the plow layer organic substances, carbonates, mineral elements, and silt particles, i.e. of the components responsible for stable soil development in the irrigation system. This illustrates the expression of dehumification, lessivage, and degradation soil processes with rice cultivation permanently as a monoculture or in a crop rotation during the chronosequence study. Deterioration of the soil physical condition is one of ever-increasing factors.
Predictive ion-electrostatic model of disjoining pressure of synthetic gel structures in coarse-dispersed soil substrates
Authors: Smagin A V , Belyaeva E A , Sadovnikova N B , Sidorova M A , Kokoreva A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mechanism of disjoining pressure controlling the swelling and water absorption of gel structures for soil conditioning is discussed. Its quantitative description is based on the fundamental ion-electrostatic model of soil water sorption isotherms containing the phase variable of gel swelling degree and specific surface area index of the soil substrate. The model adequately reproduces the s-shape of soil water sorption isotherms in a wide range of water activity from 0.05 to 0.999 depending on the working doses of hydrogels in the range of 0.05-0.3 mass%. Reinforcement of gel structures with amphiphilic dispersed particles increases the effect of disjoining pressure and water absorption.
Transformation of structural organization of model soil constructions with different structure in conditions of Moscow
Authors: Suslenkova M M , Umarova A B , Aleksandrova M S , Gasina A I , Butylkina M A , Kokoreva A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Three variants of model soil constructions were created. Variant 1 (control) is made from Aarable horizon (0-18cm); variant 2 (layered construction) is represented by Aarable horizon (0-6cm), lowland peat (6-12cm), sand (12-18cm); variant 3 is a mixture of Aarable horizon, peat and sand in the same mass proportion as in the layered variant (0-18cm). Water retention capacity of Aarable horizon increased in all variants regardless of the location in the profile. Number of macropores increased and number of mezopores decreased in Aarable horizon of control and layered variants. The greatest number of moisture-saiving pores is observed in the peat-containing layers of variants 2 and 3 as a result of 4-year functioning. The lowest content is in the control in all layers.
Mapping Electronic Waste Flows in Depok, West Java
Authors: Ardi R , Handafiah F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) is a relatively new issue in Indonesia. Policies and regulations regarding electronic waste in Indonesia are still under development and preparation. Also, the physical presence of electronic waste, except used batteries, is not managed yet, especially in the waste management chain. In some regions, especially in Java, the recovery and the handling of electronic waste such as demolition, separation of parts, old product restoration, and metal recovery are carried out by the informal sector. The informal sector handles almost 90% of the total waste produced, mainly from households, offices, commercial areas, recovery materials, and reconditioned products. Nevertheless, e-waste was not commonly found in public landfills, indicative of its valued nature. Previous studies have figured out that e-waste is flowing through several informal processes with rudimentary technology. This study aimed to understand the role of formal and informal actors in the flow and fate of e-waste in Depok, as well as how various actors interacted and differentially benefited from these flows. The results indicated that informal actors were the predominant force in the collection and sorting of e-waste from households. This research suggests that informal actors, who play such an essential role in the current system, should be incorporated into any new regulatory and management schemes, as is currently being developed by the Indonesian government.