bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-Module Weight-Based Sum Code in Residue Ring Modulo M=4
Authors: Efanov Dmitry , Sapozhnikov Valery , Sapozhnikov Vladimir 
Published: June 2020

The paper describes research results of features of error detection in data vectors by sum codes. The task is relevant in this setting, first of all, for the use of sum codes in the implementation of the checkable discrete systems and the technical means for the diagnosis of their components. Methods for sum codes constructing are described. A brief overview in the field of methods for sum codes constructing is provided. The article highlights codes for which the values of all data bits are taken into account once by the operations of summing their values or the values of the weight coefficients of the bits during the formation of the check vector. The paper also highlights codes that are formed when the data vectors are initially divided into subsets, in particular, into two subsets. An extension of the sum code class obtained by isolating two independent parts in the data vectors, as well as weighting the bits of the data vectors at the stage of code construction, is proposed.
The paper provides a generalized algorithm for two-module weighted codes construction, and describes their features obtained by weighing with non-ones weight coefficients for one of data bits in each of the subvectors, according to which the total weight is calculated. Particular attention is paid to the two-module weight-based sum code, for which the total weight of the data vector in the residue ring modulo M = 4 is determined. It is shown that the purpose of the inequality between the bits of the data vector in some cases gives improvements in the error detection characteristics compared to the well-known two-module codes. Some modifications of the proposed two-module weighted codes are described. A method for calculating the total number of undetectable errors in the two-module sum codes in the residue ring modulo M = 4 with one weighted bit in each of the subsets is proposed. Detailed characteristics of error detection by the considered codes both by the multiplicities of undetectable errors and by their types (unidirectional, symmetrical and asymmetrical errors) are given. The proposed codes are compared with known codes. A method for the synthesis of two-module sum encoders on a standard element base of the single signals adders is proposed. The classification of two-module sum codes is presented.
e‐learning comes of age: Web‐based education provided by the International League Against Epilepsy
Authors: Beniczky Sándor , Blümcke Ingmar , Rampp Stefan , Shisler Priscilla , Biesel Eva , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEducation tools and programs using interactive digital content, distributed on the internet, are increasingly becoming an integral part of postgraduate medical education. The coronavirus pandemic and global lockdown hoisted a major challenge for traditional teaching courses. A timely solution is to focus attention and reinforce web‐based teaching programs. For more than 15 years, the ILAE has been developing and managing a wide range of e‐learning programs. This paper provides an overview on the e‐learning portfolio of the ILAE, including tutored e‐courses, self‐paced interactive e‐courses and online multimedia resources, all linked to the ILAE curriculum and learning objectives addressing specific levels of professional experience. All e‐learning programs will become available through the new ILAE Academy platform (www.ilae-academy.org), in July 2020. E‐learning is an important tool for reaching the global educational mission of the ILAE.
Sensitivity of magnetoencephalography as a diagnostic tool for epilepsy: a prospective study
Authors: Koster Imte , Ossenblok Pauly , Brekelmans Geert J. , van der Linden Inge , Hillebrand Arjan , Wijnen Ben FM. , Colon Albert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAim. The diagnostic process for epilepsy can be lengthy and stressful, which may delay the start of treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the benefit of routine magnetoencephalography (MEG) with regard to diagnostic gain, compared to routine electroencephalography (EEG), EEG following sleep deprivation (EEGsd), and 24‐hour EEG.Methods. In this prospective study, patients were included from two centres (Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze and Elisabeth‐Twee Steden Hospital, Tilburg) and MEG recording took place at a single centre (Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) in The Netherlands. Consecutively referred patients from peripheral hospitals were included between August 2013 and March 2016. Patients were offered routine MEG in addition to EEG examination and MRI for the diagnosis of epilepsy. The final clinical diagnosis was based on all available clinical data and test results at the end of the diagnostic process. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for routine EEG, routine EEG plus additional EEG and MEG. In addition, diagnostic gain associated with MEG, relative to the other modalities, was calculated. Secondary outcome was congruence of localization of epileptiform discharges between MEG and MRI or final clinical diagnosis.Results. Based on a cohort of 138 patients, sensitivity and specificity was shown to be 31.6% and 78.4% for routine MEG, 31.6% and 100% for routine EEG, and 52.6% and 97.3% for routine EEG plus additional EEG, respectively. Routine MEG demonstrated a diagnostic gain of 16.8% compared to routine EEG and 9.5% compared to routine EEG plus additional EEG. In 35.7% of patients with a lesion on MRI that was consistent with the final clinical diagnosis, MEG showed epileptiform discharges in the same area.Conclusion. Routine MEG may provide additional value during the initial diagnosis of epilepsy.
Protection of minors in the European digital audiovisual context: a necessary dialogue between parents, academy, regulators and industry
Authors: Labio-Bernal Aurora , Romero-Domínguez Lorena R. , García-Orta María José 
Published: June 2020

This paper represents the initial phase of a larger project being developed by the “Media,
communication policy and democracy in the European Union” research group, which is currently
working on the study “Communication policies, SVOD platforms and values education for
minors in the single digital market (2020-2022)”. We wish to pursue in this study that, beyond
technological considerations, it is necessary to expand the scope of child protection by establishing
mutual collaboration between regulators, distributors and video on demand services, as well
as consumers and parents’ organisations, in an effort to further enhance cooperation and mutual
understanding (European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services, 2017b, p. 75). It is
for this reason that we believe that the academic sphere can also be invited into this wide-ranging
discussion on child protection to contribute reflections on a key aspect: audiovisual and media
education, an essential pillar of protection in addition to filters, external limits, and electronic
labelling. We thus uphold a vision that not only considers the “digital stuff” but also highlights
the need for “ethos stuff” (Goggin, 2008, p.89). In this respect, we have considered it essential a
literature review on the concept of media literacy. Secondly, our qualitative methodology involves
an analysis of the instructions issued by the European Union and their implementation in Spain.
In this stage, we have conducted desk research based on a narrative analysis of the documents
and programs of different institutions in order to chart the evolution of the question in recent
years, at a time when the digital environment has changed more quickly than ever before. This
same type of analysis is also conducted on the initiatives of European and Spanish companies to
determine whether they are implementing child protection strategies.
A domesticação de ecrãs na infância: usos e mediação parental em meios citadino e rural
Authors: Cruz Carla , Franco Catarina , Anunciação Fábio , Cunha Maria João 
Published: June 2020

Este estudo procura caracterizar a utilização dos ecrãs no espaço doméstico em função
dos contextos citadino e rural das crianças até aos cinco anos e conhecer como a família intervém
na sua introdução e utilização. Para o efeito foram realizados quatro grupos de foco com
crianças de quatro e cinco anos residentes na cidade de Lisboa e em Vila Pouca de Aguiar, no
distrito de Vila Real e oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com pais e mães de ambos os contextos,
chegando a várias conclusões: 1) as crianças do contexto rural são mais utilizadoras dos ecrãs
em casa que as crianças da cidade; 2) os pais/mães de ambos os contextos são os responsáveis
pelo acesso dos filhos aos ecrãs, sobretudo smartphones e tablets; 3) a principal explicação é
a preocupação dos pais/mães com a exclusão social das crianças caso não os utilizem; 4) os progenitores/as do meio urbano denotam uma maior perceção dos riscos associados à exposição
dos filhos aos dispositivos tecnológicos.
OBSERVING NORMS AND ANOMY AMONG THE YOUTH: A CASE OF MADAGASCAR
Authors: Ramananarivo Iavo 
Published: June 2020

This paper systematically addresses different concepts of anomy and norms among young men from selected groups in society. Government authorities in Madagascar who are responsible for public education are concerned about the social changes we are experiencing collectively. They have a more elaborate and better vision to guide young people in a professional and social world. In this perspective, they recognize that globalization, for example, is gradually creating a new phenomenon, in this case: technology. Many people believe that citizenship education enables adolescents to cope with these changes, since from this perspective, the child from birth is seen as part of a community, to whom he or she will eventually contribute. Citizenship is a mechanism that consolidates and convinces the future citizen of the importance of his social and political involvement and the valorization of his identity roots.
Igor A. Isaev’s Metaphysics of Power and Law. On Scholar’s Anniversary
Authors: Chupova M. D. , Filippova T. P. , Rumyantseva V. G. 
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the events devoted to the anniversary of an outstanding Russian historian of law, Prof. Igor A. Isayev. On June 11, 2020, our colleague, prominent historian of law, Doctor of Legal Sciences, Professor, Honoured Worker of Science of the Russian Federation Igor A. Isaev turns 75 years old. In addition, for 30 years Prof. Isayev has been the Head of the Department of History of the State and Law, first, at All- Russian Law Correspondence Institute that was later renamed into Kutafin Moscow State Academy of Law (MSAL) and, later, Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL). Since the late 1980s, our University has taken a leading place in the field of legal education, which became possible due to its scholarly potential: the involvement of the most gifted and professional scholars, professors and educators who create and maintain an academic tradition, introduce innovations. Igor A. Isayev has become one of the leaders of the team that has achieved this success and earned credibility in the legal world is. The paper presents his views. In particular, the paper highlights that in his research Igor A. Isaev addresses the fields of history of the State and law, legal ideology, legal culture and legal symbolism, history of political and legal doctrines, and the philosophy of law. Igor Isaev’s life history represents the way of a real scholar, the milestones of his life are represented by written works, numerous pupils and the life of the faculty of the Department of History of the State and Law, the formation of which is impossible without creating an atmosphere of academic freedom, professional solidarity and mutual support.
Evaluation of the Governmental Agency Effectiveness in the Russian Federation
Authors: Lubennikova S. A. 
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to topical issues of determining the effectiveness of the work of governmental agencies in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study’s subject matter is determined by the lack of comprehensive examination of the subject matter from the perspective of methodology and practice. Public authorities’ activities in the Russian Federation are changing acquiring new qualities. Thus, clear and uniform criteria for their assessment are necessary. Evaluation criteria should be closer to social indicators and should meet the demands of society. The author analyzes the normative-legal regulation of this issue. to this end, the paper provides examination of the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation that have been issued since 2007 to establishing indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the activities of the executive authorities of the Russian Federation. It is possible to observe a constant change in the methodological approach to the number, formulation and content of the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Between 2007 and 2012, the evaluation criteria were based on public control over the public services effectiveness exercised by citizens. Currently, the approach has changed — public control has been removed from the system under consideration and is now governed by a separate regulatory act. For the first time, to recognize executive authorities’ activities as effective the determination of the level of evaluation criteria to be met by executive authorities is used.The normative regulation of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the executive power at the federal level is also investigated. At the national level there is no any regulatory framework for assessing the activities of federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation. The author draws conclusions about the lack of a uniform approach to the evaluation of governmental authorities’ activities at both federal and regional levels. The conclusions can be used in law-making activities of state bodies.
Legal Issues of the Structure and Activities of International Energy Associations in the Modern World
Authors: Gulasaryan A. S. 
Published: June 2020

The world energy industry today faces new challenges. They include regulating energy markets, protecting the environment and sustainable development. An appropriate response to these challenges could be to employ the potential of multilateral interaction within the framework of international energy associations with a view to establishing effective mechanisms for the provision of international energy security. The importance of an intra-organizational (institutional) mechanism is due to the fact that it ensures the cooperation of States within the framework of international energy associations. Accumulated during more than half a century of the existence of international energy associations, the normative framework requires processing, scientific systematization, as well as theoretical generalizations and proposals of obvious practical importance. This paper, for the first time in the Russian science of international law, makes a comprehensive scientific and legal analysis of issues of membership, institutional structure, working order and interrelations among different bodies, personnel formation, privileges and immunities of international energy associations. The scientific and legal analysis is aimed at exploring the constituent acts, headquarters agreements, agreements on privileges and immunities of international organizations, international treaties, as well as modern doctrine of international law.The conclusions and proposals made in the paper can be used by States to improve the institutional (intraorganizational) mechanism of effective international energy associations, as well as for planning new associations. They can also be used by the Russian Federation in developing strategies to interact with such associations. The paper uses general and private scientific methods of research: formal-legal, historical-legal, system analysis, comparative-legal approaches.
Critical Concepts of the State and their Significance for Russian Jurisprudence: Introduction to the Problem
Authors: Nazmutdinov B. V. 
Published: June 2020

The state is for the most part a key political concept in the minds of lawyers. It is often "devoid" of history: they use the same term to name ancient and modern political associations (Polis, Republic, Empire, national state), without noticing the fundamental difference between them. The paper emphasizes the difference between "universalist" and "critical" approaches to the state. The former seeks to see the birth of the state in the second Millennium BC, trying to link the emergence of law with the emergence of the state. The latter emphasizes the historical contextuality of the emergence of the state — a unique social institution that appeared in Europe during the early Modern period. The state is a modern (modern) social construct, and its reality is determined not only by the presence of a certain idea in the minds of people, but also by stable, typified social practices. In the modern world, law is mediated by the state, and in many cases, it is monopolized by it. In this perspective, the history of the state is often inseparable from the history of law, and the theory of law from the theory of the state. The author of the paper adheres to the second approach and agrees that law is a phenomenon whose existence has not been determined by the state for a long time.The author presumes that for many reasons, the state continues to be a priori political category in the minds of lawyers who observe daily manifestations of power mechanisms. To denounce this "naturalness" of the state, critical approaches to the concept and origin of the state are necessary. The paper presents various critical concepts of the state: from radical political evolutionism to critical conceptual history.
Va‘d-Vaîd Konusunda Mâtürîdî’nin Mu‘tezile’ye Yönelttiği Eleştiriler
Authors: ALTINDAS Mücteba 
Published: June 2020

İtikadî mezhepler arasında tartışılan va‘d-vaîd konusu temelde büyük günah problemiyle ilgili önemli bir konudur. Büyük günah sorunu çerçevesinde iman-amel ilişkisi bağlamında ele alınan bu önemli konu, ortaya çıkan fırkaların iman tanımlarına bağlı olarak şekillenmiştir. Va‘d ve vaîd ayetleri, kapsamı açısından ele alınarak umum veya husus ifade edip etmediği, ilâhî va‘d ve vaîdin değişip değişmeyeceği gibi soruların cevapları aranmıştır. Başlangıçta Mürcie ile Mu‘tezile arasında meydana gelen tartışmalar daha sonraki süreçte Mâtürîdîler’le Mu‘tezile kelâmcıları arasında önemli tartışma konularından birisi olmuştur. İmam Mâtürîdî, konu hakkında Hâricîler ve Mu‘tezile’ye ortak eleştiriler getirmekle birlikte daha ziyade Mu‘tezilî düşünceyi eleştirmektedir. Mu‘tezile, bu ilkeyi ilâhî adaletin bir gereği olarak mü’minleri ödüllendirip isyankârları cezalandırmanın Allah’a vacip olduğu düşüncesi üzerinden ele almaktadır. Onlara göre tövbe edilmeyen büyük günah ebedî olarak cehennemde kalmayı gerektirdiği için o kişiye şefaat edilmesi de mümkün değildir. Ancak Mâtürîdî, sürekli bir tasdik hali olan imanın ebedî cezaya engel olduğunu vurgulayarak adalet noktasında böyle bir iddianın geçerli olmayacağını savunmaktadır. Bu makalede Mâtürîdî’nin eleştirileri, konuyla doğrudan ilişkili olan ilâhî adalet, büyük günah ve şefaat açısından ele alınmıştır.
The effect of mindful attention awareness on ruminative thought styles: Physical education and sports teacher candidates
Authors: Karaoglu Baris , Yalcin Ilimdar 
Published: June 2020

The present study aimed to examine the effect of mindful attention awareness on ruminative thought styles levels of physical education and sports teacher candidates. 183 students studying in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching at Bingol University voluntarily participated in the study. Mindful attention awareness and ruminative thought style scale were used as data collection. The scales were applied to students by face-to-face survey method. SPSS package program was used to analyze of the data. Pearson Correlation and Linear Regression analyses were applied for the statistical analyses. As a result, it was found that there was a positive and low-level relationship between mindful attention awareness and ruminative thought styles while mindful attention awareness slightly affected ruminative thought styles. In this context, it can be said that the students do not lose command over past or future events in their lives and act by experiencing the present moment.

Keywords: Sports; teacher candidates; mindfulness; ruminative thought
Family environment and emotional quotient in primary school 3rd grade students
Authors: Küçükkaragöz Hadiye 
Published: June 2020

In this research, Emotional Quotient levels of 3rd grade primary school students are investigated with respect to a number of psycho-social variables. Whether its environment makes a significant difference on eq when these variables are limited is examined.
Target population of the study consists of 3rd grade students who are registered to five middle socio-economic status schools in the center and two townships’ schools in the countryside within Izmir city borders in the 2015-2016 academic term. Sample group consists of randomly selected 167 students who are 3rd graders studying in the same classes in mentioned schools. Research is designed in relational screening model. In this research, personal information form and EQ scale for children both developed by researcher are used as data collection tools. For the statistical analysis of the collected data, independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U tests are used. According to the search results, EQ levels of 3rd grade students vary significantly with respect to family income, mother’s and father’s occupation, mother’s and father’s education, number of family members and whether students continue their pre-school education.. The results are discussed on the basis of the literature and suggestions are presented.

Keywords: emotional quotient, psyco-social variables, family environment;
Evaluation of social skills of visual arts teacher candidates according to personality traits
Authors: Kalyoncu Raif 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the social skills of visual arts teacher candidates according to their personality traits in terms of different variables. In the research, relational screening method was used in the descriptive survey model, which is a sub-pattern of quantitative research methods. The study group consists of 193 students (135 female, 58 male) studying in the first-year, second, third and fourth grade and above classes in Trabzon University Faculty of Fatih Education, Fine Arts Education Department, Arts and Crafts Education Program in the 2019-2020 academic year. Personal information form, international personality inventory and social skill inventory were used to collect the research data. SPSS 23.0 package program was used to analyze the obtained data. When the findings of the study regarding the relationships between the personality and social skill scores were analyzed, it was determined that there were significant relationships between the personality and social skill scores.

Keywords: Art Education, Personality, Social Skills