bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS THAT LEAD TO RESISTANCE TO CHANGE IN THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSOF MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA INTO DEPOSIT TAKING INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kendi Belinda , Kamaria Prof. Kinyua 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that lead to resistance to change in the transformation process of Microfinance institutions in Kenya into Deposit Taking institutions.Methodology: This study adopted descriptive research design. For purposes of collecting primary data, the use of a questionnaire developed by the researcher was used. Data was then analyzed using Excel and SPSS and presented in tables, graphs and charts. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed to the above five organizations and 42 of them were returned. This represents a 35% response rate.Results: The study also concluded that initiatives that reduce resistance to change have a positive association with transformation. For instance, the study concluded that training was associated with higher transformation success. Furthermore, a positive attitude towards change was associated with higher transformation success. The study also concluded that the higher the perceived benefits, the higher the transformation success. It was also noted that organizations that had a good track record of successful change attempts had successful transformations and that the credibility of the organizations determined how respondents felt about the organizations ability to implement successful transformations.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that Leaders should as much as possible clearly define the need for the change by communicating the strategic decision as well as involving their subordinates in the planning of the change by asking them to give suggestions and ideas. Transforming MFIs should also plan for and deliver relevant training programs that develop basic skills.
EFFECT OF WOMEN ENTERPRISE FUND MANAGEMENT TRAINING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTERPRISES IN EMBU COUNTY
Authors: Njoroge George W. W. , Ambrose Dr. Jagongo 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of WEF management training on women owned enterprise performance in Kenya.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive study design. The population of interest in this study consisted of four hundred and seventeen (417) Women Owned Enterprises registered and operating SMEs in Embu County as provided by the Department for Gender and Social Development. The sample size was 201 Women Owned SMEs. The information sources used during this study was primary data, comprising of a questionnaire with closed statements. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic measures of central tendency, correlation analysis. The results were presented using tables.Results: Findings revealed that women owned enterprises performed poorly as far as businesses sales, profits, assets and workforce were concerned. The poor performance may have been caused by the level of training specifically; the results indicated that the majority of respondents lacked entrepreneurship training and also that there existed a significant relationship between Entrepreneurial Management Training and women enterprises performance. Descriptive findings revealed that majority of respondents had not been trained on human resource skills and inferential results indicated a significant relationship between Human Resource Management Training and Women Enterprise Performance. The majority had not been trained on product marketing skills. Inferential results indicated that there is a significant relationship between Training in Product Marketing and Women Owned Enterprise Performance.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is recommended that women owned enterprises should encourage training specifically, on financial management, entrepreneur, human resource and how to market their products. Training curriculum should be particularly designed to meet the subject standards for women owned enterprises especially new entrants.
Synlig og usynlig religion: Umarkerte bilder i kapitler om religion
Authors: Thomas Andrew John 
Published: September 2020

Finnes det systematiske forskjeller mellom hvordan religion illustreres i norske lærebøker i religionsfagene? Denne artikkelen analyserer hvordan bilder uten religionsspesifikke markører fordeles blant kapitler om individuelle religioner i tilgjengelige lærebøker i dag. Bildene som velges ut, viser seg å ofte brukes til å forklare, delvis forsvare, religiøse ideer. Frekvensen av slike bilder er høyest i kapitler om buddhisme, dernest kristendom, og ellers tilnærmet fraværende. Ser vi på selve bildene, kan vi oppdage konkrete teknikker som justerer leserens avstand til den illustrerte ideen. Denne ulikheten støtter tidligere forskning som viser systematiske forskjeller i hvordan ulike religioner framstilles som henholdsvis eksotiske og filosofiske, og som har konsekvenser for hvordan individuelle religioner konstrueres og skal behandles i klasserommet.
Nøkkelord: Religion, lærebøker, illustrasjoner, bilder, religionsforskjeller, religionsdefinisjoner
Kirkeskipet – om å utvikle barnegudstjenester med barn og for barn
Authors: Ellinggård Stein 
Published: September 2020

Den lille jenta på to år ble sittende lenge ved lysene i koret. De andre barna var kommet ut i våpenhuset. Hun ville ikke gå, men satt der på alterringen sammen med Marit. Hun var stille, men så kom det. «Mamma ligger på sofaen, mamma er syk». «Skal vi tenne et lys for mammaen din», sa den voksne. «Nei», svarte jenta. Hun ville bare sitte der.
Slike opplevelser med barna er det det mange av når vi feirer gudstjenesten Kirkeskipet i Barnas katedral i Lademoen kirke. En gudstjeneste for de aller minste med øvre aldergrense tre år.
Psychological Stress of Healthcare Workers Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: YALÇIN Gülşen , SAYINBATUR Bahattin , KARAY Eyaz , KARAKAŞ Merve 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the psychological stress of hospital workers and related factors during the period of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods: A survey was conducted among hospital workers between March 23 and April 1, 2020. The survey had four sections in total, including consent form, sociodemographic form, Turkish Impact of Events Scale, and depression, anxiety, and stress scale.
Results: The mean age of 257 respondents was 36.7±9.1 (20–61) years, and 145(56.4%) of them were male. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom level, depression, anxiety, and stress were significantly higher in women than in men [(%95Cl, 1.09-3.73; p=0.026), (%95Cl, 1.61-5.47; p=0.001), (%95Cl, 1.23-3.97; p=0.008), (%95Cl, 1.36-4.86; p=0.004), respectively]. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom level rates of emergency room workers were significantly higher than those of the workers in other departments (%95Cl, 1.25-4.91; p=0.010). According to those who stated that the infection measures taken in the hospital were insufficient, the rates of depression, anxiety and stress was significantly higher than those who stated that they were sufficient [(95%Cl, 1.51-7.18; p=0.003), (95% Cl, 1.23-5.23; p=0.011), (95%Cl, 1.47-8.18; p= 0.004), respectively]. The rate of depression, anxiety, and stress was significantly higher in employees who previously had psychiatric disease than those who did not have disease before [(95% Cl, 1.37-160.7; p=0.026), (95% Cl, 1.20-128.3; p=0.035), (% 95 Cl, 1.01-47.36, p=0.049), respectively].
Conclusions: In the present study, we found that the mental health of hospital workers was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there was a difference between departments. More psychological stress occurs in specific groups such as emergency services and female healthcare professionals, and these groups should primarily be provided with psychological support.
Evaluation of Nosocomial Infections in Reanimation Intensive Care Unit: Analysis of Six Years Surveillance
Authors: KAYA UGUR Berna , METE Ayse Ozlem 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Nosocomial infections (NI) raise costs due to the increased in mortality and long-term hospitalization. There are more NIs in intensive care units (ICU) probably due to invasive procedures. In order to reduce NIs, the most important step in terms of prevention is the identification of the common pathogens with their infection rates among these units. For this purpose, the centers should conduct surveillance studies and often evaluate their data.
Methods: We evaluated the infection rates and ratios, between January 1st, 2014 and August 31st, 2019 in Reanimation Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in our hospital. Method of the surveillance was, prospective, active, laboratory and patient based.
Results: In our reanimation ICU, 1591 patients were followed up during the study period. 192 NIs were observed in 179 patients on 21,840 intensive care days. NI rate was found to be 11.25 and Infection density rate was found to be 8.20 and their change over the years was examined. Analysis regarding the source of infections revealed that ventilator-related pneumonia (27.08%) and central venous catheter-related blood-stream infection (25.52%) was most commonly observed during the study period. The ventilator usage rate was 0.54 (11.859 ventilator days) and the central venous catheter usage rate was 0.94 (20.566 catheter days) in the study period. Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 96, 50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 24, 12.5%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 18, 9.38%) were most commonly isolated.
Saururus chinensis-controlled allergic pulmonary disease through NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE2 pathways
Authors: Song MiKyung , Lee Soon-Young , Kim Minhee , Park Sangwoug , Park Juyeon , Kwon Yongbum , Park Dae-Hun 
Published: September 2020

Saururus chinensis is a perennial herb found in the northeastern regions of Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan, and is used in traditional medicine. Studies have identified the four major constituents in Saururus chinensis water extract (LHF618®) as miquelianin (11.75 ± 0.092 mg/g), rutin (1.20 ± 0.008 mg/g), quercitrin (2.38 ± 0.389 mg/g), and quercetin (0.068 ± 0.017 mg/g). Saururus chinensis can improve the symptoms of ovalbumin- or fine dust-induced allergic pulmonary disease by suppressing the effects of WBCs and neutrophils in BALF and IgE in the serum. Saururus chinensis dose-dependently recovered morphological changes such as mucous hyper secretion (from 2.7 ± 0.46 to 0.6 ± 0.65), pulmonary epithelial cell hyperplasia (from 2.4 ± 0.55 to 0.7 ± 0.67), and inflammatory cell infiltration (from 2.3 ± 0.45 to 0.6 ± 0.43), and effectively controlled cDNA levels and protein levels of IL-13. It inhibited NF-κB translocation and COX-2 protein synthesis and suppressed the expression of PGE2. Our results show that Saururus chinensis controlled allergic pulmonary disease via the anti-inflammatory pathways, NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE2. Saururus chinensis may be a promising drug candidate against fine dust-induced allergic pulmonary disease.
Distribution, habitat suitability, conservation state and natural history of endangered salamanderBolitoglossa pandi
Authors: Angarita-Sierra Teddy , Bonilla-Gómez M. Argenis , Sánchez David A. , Acosta-Galvis Andres R. , Medina-Ovalle Hefzi , Solano-Moreno Anggi , Ulloa-Rengifo Simon , Guevara-Guevara Daniela , Torres-Ramirez Juan J. , Curaca-Fierro Sebastián , Cabrera-Amaya Diego M. , Infante-Betancour Jhon A. , Londoño-Montaño Luisa F. , Albarán-Montoya Diana X. , Peña-Baez Lesly R. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPandi’s mushroom-tongue salamander (Bolitoglossa pandi) is one of the threatened amphibians in South America, as well as a flagship species for the Colombian conservation agenda. This species is endemic to the Andean cloud forests of the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, occurring only in the department of Cundinamarca within a narrow elevational range. At night,B. pandican be seen perching on the upper side of leaves at heights ranging from ground level to 2.5 m. During the day, it can be found under leaf litter or cover objects. Few studies have provided relevant information that can help the Colombian government to formulate lines of action for the conservation of this species; consequently, its threat assessments so far have been based on very limited information.MethodsWe conducted surveys for salamanders in four municipalities of Cundinamarca, Colombia, using two approaches: visual encounter surveys (Guaduas and Villeta) and the basic sampling protocol for single-species occupancy modeling (Supatá and Venecia). Multivariate analyses were employed to explore the correlation between habitat structure and natural history traits, abundance, and detection/non-detection ofB. pandi.We evaluated theB. pandiactivity pattern through kernel density curves for each sampling occasion and explored the variability of salamander abundance during their activity period by performing a nested ANOVA.ResultsWe report the discovery of two new populations ofB. pandi,which represent the most northwestern records known. A significant correlation between body length, body mass, and habitat structure was observed. Multivariate analyses indicated that leaf litter depth, mean temperature, percent vegetation cover, and altitude were the habitat variables that together explained 60.3% of theB. pandiabundance variability, as well as the main determinants of its optimal habitat.Bolitoglossa pandiexhibits an activity pattern characterized by two main activity peaks, in which niche time-partitioning was observed. Across the surveyed area, we found a healthy, stable, highly dense population ofB. pandi(>1,300 individuals), with seasonal variability between development stages.DiscussionGiven the high habitat specificity ofB. pandi,the species is highly vulnerable to local changes. Thus, we recommend thatB. pandibe retained as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List, based on the IUCN Criterion B, given its restricted extent of occurrence (ca. 2,500 km2) and the ongoing threats from agriculture, cattle ranching, logging, and urban development, which continue to reduce its suitable habitat.
State‐space modeling clarifies productivity regime shifts of Japanese flying squid
Authors: Nishijima Shota , Kubota Hiroshi , Kaga Toshiki , Okamoto Suguru , Miyahara Hisae , Okamura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRegime shifts of climatic and environmental conditions potentially affect the productivity of fishery resources, posing challenges in stock management. The stocks of the Japanese flying squid (Todarodes pacificus) are suspected to suffer from regime shifts, but detecting the occurrence of regime shifts in this species is generally difficult and unreliable because the short‐lived nature of this species inherently confounds the effect of regime shifts with observation and process errors. Here we developed a new state‐space assessment model to evaluate the influence of regime shifts on the spawner‐recruit relationship of the Japanese flying squid. The model simultaneously estimates the population dynamics of multiple stocks that could share some life history parameters, thereby stabilizing parameter inference. We demonstrate that two regime shifts in productivity around 1991 and 2015 caused two‐ to threefold changes of maximum sustainable yields. The model with regime shifts clarifies the relationship between fishing pressure and spawner abundance that is difficult to detect in a model with no regime shift. The state‐space approach is a promising tool for accurately assessing stock status by separating the recruitment process from observation errors and is expected to contribute to the effective management of marine biological resources sensitive to regime shifts.
Linking Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) with Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs)
Authors: Belgrano Andrea , Villasante Sebastián 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fundamental challenge of the inclusion of the human dimension of the oceans in the Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs) provides an opportunity for a transdisciplinary approach to create synergies between the current research by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). We have highlighted the importance of ocean inequality as a critical aspect to consider to unlock current barriers to integrate social sciences in marine integrated assessments. To create bridges between them, we develop an Ocean's Benefits to People (OBP) framework that embraces the blue economy, equity, the UN SDGs goals and support an Ecosystem‐Based Management (EBM) for the oceans.
Ktedonobacteria
Authors: Monciardini Paolo , Cavaletti Linda , Donadio Stefano 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Kte.do.no.bac.te'ri.a, N.L. masc. n.
Ktedonobacter
, type genus of the family, suff. ‐
ia
ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Ktedonobacteria
, the
Ktedonobacter
class.

Chloroflexi / Ktedonobacteria

The class
Ktedonobacteria
is delineated on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and includes the described orders
Ktedonobacterales
and
Thermogemmatisporales
. Despite low relatedness at 16S level (pairwise identity values for the type species of the five described families are <90%), all described members of the class share the following characteristics. They are aerobic, stain Gram‐positive, show mycelial growth, and form spores. Single nonmotile spores are formed on the aerial mycelium, individual spores are associated in clusters for most strains. All strains are catalase‐positive. Peptidoglycan always contains glutamic acid, ornithine, alanine, and glycine; additional amino acids characterize the different lineages. Predominant menaquinones have nine isoprene units. Phosphatydylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol are always present in the polar lipid pattern. The cultivated strains grow as either mesophilic or thermophilic heterotrophs in aerobic or microaerophilic conditions. Members of the class were isolated from soil, compost, leaves deposited on geothermal soils and from a geothermally heated biofilm.
Caldilineae
Authors: Sekiguchi Yuji , Hanada Satoshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Cal.di.li'ne.ae. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Caldilineales
type order of the class; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Caldilineae
class of the genus
Caldilinea
.

Chloroflexi / Caldilineae

Cells are non‐spore‐forming, nonmotile, and filamentous. Known described species are thermophiles and neutrophiles, and grow under either aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or strictly anaerobic conditions. Chemoorganoheterotrophs that stain Gram‐negative. Cells of some species are colored. The class
Caldilineae
is defined on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences as well as on genome‐wide comparison. The class
Caldilineae
forms a phylogenetically coherent cluster and currently contains the sole order
Caldilineales
. Detailed description is the same as for the family
Caldilineaceae
.
Chitinispirillia
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Chi.ti.ni.spi.ril'li.a. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Chitinispirillales
, a bacterial order; ‐
ia
, suffix used to designate a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Chitinispirillia
the class of the order
Chitinispirillales
.

Fibrobacterota / Chitinispirillia

The class
Chitinispirillia
is a member of the phylum
Fibrobacterota
. It includes a single moderately salt‐tolerant and alkaliphilic cultured isolate from soda lakes which is a fermentative anaerobe specialized on chitin as the only growth substrate.
Chitinivibrionia
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Mardanov Andrey V. , Ravin Nikolai V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Chi.ti.ni.vi.bri.o'ni.a. N.L. fem. pl. n.
Chitinivibrionales
, type order of the class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Chitinivibrionia
, the class of the order
Chitinivibrionales
.

Fibrobacterota / Chitinivibrionia

The class
Chitinivibrionia
is a member of the phylum
Fibrobacterota
. It includes a single species of high salt‐tolerant and alkaliphilic bacteria from hypersaline soda lakes, which are fermentative anaerobes specialized on utilization of chitin as the only growth substrate.
Caldilineaceae
Authors: Sekiguchi Yuji , Hanada Satoshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Cal.di.li.ne.a.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Caldilinea
type genus of the family;
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Caldilineaceae
family of the genus
Caldilinea
.

Chloroflexi / Caldilineae / Caldilineales / Caldilineaceae

Cells are non‐motile, non‐spore forming, Gram‐stain‐negative, and multicellular filaments. Known members of the family
Caldilineaceae
are thermophilic and grow under neutrophilic conditions. Growth occurs under either aerobic, facultatively, or strictly anaerobic conditions. All members of
Caldilineaceae
are chemoheterotrophs, growing on a range of sugars and proteinaceous compounds. Some species require yeast extract for growth. Utilization of common external electron acceptors other than oxygen is not observed for growth. The
Caldilineaceae
were isolated from thermophilic ecosystems, such as hot springs and aquifers.

DNA G + C content (mol %)
: 42.1–59.9 (HPLC).

Type genus
:
Caldilinea
Sekiguchi et al. 2003.
Thermosporotrichaceae
Authors: Yabe Shuhei , Yokota Akira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Ther.mo.spo.ro.tri.cha.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Thermosporothrix
type genus of the family; L. suff. ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Thermosporotrichaceae
the family of the genus
Thermosporothrix
.

Chloroflexi / Ktedonobacteria / Ktedonobacterales / Thermosporotrichaceae

The family
Thermosporotrichaceae
contains only one genus (
Thermosporothrix
), which has two species with validly published names. Members of the family comprise aerobic, thermophilic, Gram‐positive bacteria with branched vegetative and aerial mycelia and formation of spores by budding. Oxidase‐positive, catalase‐positive. The major fatty acid is iso‐C
17:0
and the major menaquinone is MK‐9(H
2
). Cell‐wall amino acids are glutamic acid, serine, alanine, β‐alanine, and ornithine. Cell‐wall sugars include mannose. Members of the family were isolated from compost and leaves deposited on geothermally heated soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.5–53.1.

Type genus
:
Thermosporothrix
Yabe et al. 2010.
Minwuiaceae
Authors: Xu Xue‐Wei , Sun Cong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Min.wu.i.a.ce'ae, N.L. fem. n.
Minwuia
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote an family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Minwuiaceae
the family of
Minwuia
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Minwuiales / Minwuiaceae

Cells are rod‐shaped and occur singly. Gram‐stain‐positive, strictly aerobic, chemotrophic, and non‐spore‐forming. Members of the family
Minwuiaceae
are neutrophilic and halophilic. Optimal growth occurs at relatively high temperatures (>37°C). Catalase‐negative and oxidase‐positive. Bacteriochlorophyll
a
is absent. Predominant isoprenoid quinone is ubiquinone‐10 (Q‐10). Major cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
3‐OH, C
19:0
cyclo ω9
c
, C
18:1
3‐OH and summed feature 8 (C
18:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18:1
ω6
c
). Main polar lipid is phosphatidylglycerol. The family currently accommodates only one genus
Minwuia
. Phylogenetic analyses of both 16S rRNA genes and genomes clearly distinguish
Minwuia
from related genera of other families of
Alphaproteobacteria
. Members of the family so far were isolated from seawater.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67–68 (Genome).

Type genus
:
Minwuia
Sun et al. 2018, 3859
VP
.