bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suction cup system‐dependent variable boundary condition: Transient water flow and multicomponent solute transport
Authors: Raij‐Hoffman Iael , Jacques Diederik , Lazarovitch Naftali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuction cups are widely used in agricultural and environmental research and monitoring under the hypothesis that the sample chemistry represents the soil pore water solute composition around the cup location. The objective of this study was to analyze the sampling procedures that lead to the most representative sample for soil aqueous phase composition when using a falling head suction cup. This was achieved by simulating simultaneously the hydraulic and geochemical response of the suction cup sampled soil solution and its immediate surroundings when evacuated by a system‐dependent variable boundary condition. Different soils, water contents, vacuum applications, and suction cup internal volumes, as well as variable hydraulic conductivities of the ceramic cup, were evaluated, and their effects on the sampling rate and sample chemical composition were reported. Model results showed that potential extracted soil solution volume depends on a combination of internal suction cup volume and vacuum applied, independently from soil type or water content. A linear relationship was defined between the ratio of the extracted sample to suction cup volume and the initial applied vacuum, for all simulations. The pH values and general chemistry of the sampled solution were found to be more similar to those in the soil when a porous cup system is filled until hydraulic equilibrium is reached. Following this, a small volume suction cup system with a high initial applied vacuum, which allows for faster sample collection, could be optimal.
Governing climate risks in the face of normative uncertainties
Authors: Taebi Behnam , Kwakkel Jan H. , Kermisch Céline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGoverning risks is not only a technical matter, but also a matter of ethical and societal considerations. In this article, we argue that in addition to scientific and technical uncertainties, we need to also address normative uncertainties of risk decisions. We define normative uncertainties as situations where there are different partially morally defensible ‐‐ but incompatible ‐‐ options or courses of action, or ones in which there is no fully morally defensible option. We conceptualize normative uncertainties, distinguishing between the four categories of evolutionary, theoretical, conceptual, and epistemic normative uncertainties. We will show different instances of normative uncertainties in climate adaptation strategies. We finally present two methods for identifying and dealing with normative uncertainties, namely, the Wide Reflective Equilibrium and adaptive planning. Situations of normative uncertainties have always been and will continue to be present in risk decisions and they have often been dealt with in an implicit manner. In this article, we make them explicit, which could lead to better morally informed and justified decisions about climate risks.This article is categorized under:Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change.
Bioenergy from biofuel residues and waste
Authors: Sheehan Nathaniel P. , Ng Andrew , Murray Kyle , Martinez Erick , Quell Kimberly , Ouellette Charles , Flagg Timothy , Boyle John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article is a review of the scientific literature published in 2019 on topics relating to bioenergy from biofuel residues and waste. This literature review is divided into the following sections: Feedstocks, Biodiesel, Bioethanol, Hydrogen, Biohydrogen, Biofuel Residues, Microalgae, and Lignocelluloses.
Technological methods for reducing the content of fructan in rye bread
Authors: Pejcz Ewa , Spychaj Radosław , Gil Zygmunt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that may afflict even 12% of the European population. One of the ways to counteract IBS-related ailments is to implement a diet with reduced contents of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs). The prevailing components from the FODMAPs group that may be found in rye bread include fructans. The study was conducted with endosperm and wholemeal rye flours. Dough was prepared from both flours with the use of two methods: I-stage method—with the addition of dry leavening—and II-stage method with the use of a sourdough produced with Lactobacillus plantarum, and all with fermentation times of 90, 120, 150, and 180 min. After baking, bread loaves were subjected to quality and consumer analysis and fructan content determination. The endosperm rye flour used for bread-making revealed better baking properties. Bread made of this flour had a higher loaf volume and received higher scores in the consumer assessment than bread made with wholemeal. Study results conclude that the content of fructans in bread was significantly affected by the dough-making method, and that it was decreased by the use of the sourdough. In contrast, the extended fermentation time of dough failed to reduce the fructan content of the bread.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Primary Cystic Duct Carcinoma: A Multi‐institutional Study
Authors: Sakata Jun , Hirose Yuki , Prasoon Pankaj , Kitami Chie , Minagawa Masahiro , Nomura Tatsuya , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Aono Takashi , Yuza Kizuki , Miura Kohei , Katada Tomohiro , Takizawa Kazuyasu , Nagahashi Masayuki , Kobayashi Takashi , Wakai Toshifumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of surgery in the management of primary cystic duct carcinoma (CDC) remains unclear especially in advanced disease. This study aimed to evaluate long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for primary CDC.MethodsFrom a multi‐institutional database, we identified 41 patients who underwent surgery for primary CDC, defined as a part of gallbladder carcinoma with the tumor centre located in the cystic duct.ResultsOf the 41 patients, 31 (75.6%) underwent preoperative biliary drainage for jaundice. Twenty‐eight (68.3%) patients underwent extensive resection including major hepatectomy (n = 21), pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 4), or both procedures (n = 3). Thirty‐four (82.9%) patients had ≥ pT3 tumor, while 31 (75.6%) patients had involvement of contiguous organs/structures. Nodal and distant metastasis was found in 26 (63.4%) and 7 (17.1%) patients, respectively. Most patients (90.2%) had perineural invasion. Median overall survival was 23.7 months in all 41 patients. Factors independently associated with both overall and disease‐specific survival were pN (P = 0.003 and P = 0.007, respectively) and pM (P = 0.003 and P = 0.013, respectively) classification. Median survival was 75.3, 17.7, and 5.2 months for patients with pN0M0 (n = 14), pN1/2pM0 or pN0pM1 (n = 21), and pN1/2pM1 (n = 6) disease, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPrimary CDC is characterized by locally advanced disease with aggressive histopathological characteristics at surgery, leading to extensive resection during treatment. Surgery provides potential benefits for patients with pN0pM0 disease, whereas pN1/2 and/or pM1 status appear to have strong adverse effects on survival.
SFPQ and Tau: critical factors contributing to rapid progression of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Younas Neelam , Zafar Saima , Shafiq Mohsin , Noor Aneeqa , Siegert Anna , Arora Amandeep Singh , Galkin Alexey , Zafar Ayesha , Schmitz Mathias , Stadelmann Christine , Andreoletti Olivier , Ferrer Isidre , Zerr Inga 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDysfunctional RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, this paradigm of RBPs has been extended to pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we identified disease subtype specific variations in the RNA-binding proteome (RBPome) of sporadic AD (spAD), rapidly progressive AD (rpAD), and sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (sCJD), as well as control cases using RNA pull-down assay in combination with proteomics. We show that one of these identified proteins, splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ), is downregulated in the post-mortem brains of rapidly progressive AD patients, sCJD patients and 3xTg mice brain at terminal stage of the disease. In contrast, the expression of SFPQ was elevated at early stage of the disease in the 3xTg mice, and in vitro after oxidative stress stimuli. Strikingly, in rpAD patients’ brains SFPQ showed a significant dislocation from the nucleus and cytoplasmic colocalization with TIA-1. Furthermore, in rpAD brain lesions, SFPQ and p-tau showed extranuclear colocalization. Of note, association between SFPQ and tau-oligomers in rpAD brains suggests a possible role of SFPQ in oligomerization and subsequent misfolding of tau protein. In line with the findings from the human brain, our in vitro study showed that SFPQ is recruited into TIA-1-positive stress granules (SGs) after oxidative stress induction, and colocalizes with tau/p-tau in these granules, providing a possible mechanism of SFPQ dislocation through pathological SGs. Furthermore, the expression of human tau in vitro induced significant downregulation of SFPQ, suggesting a causal role of tau in the downregulation of SFPQ. The findings from the current study indicate that the dysregulation and dislocation of SFPQ, the subsequent DNA-related anomalies and aberrant dynamics of SGs in association with pathological tau represents a critical pathway which contributes to rapid progression of AD.
Using patient-reported symptoms of dyspnea for screening reduced respiratory function in patients with motor neuron diseases
Authors: Helleman Jochem , Kruitwagen-van Reenen Esther T. , Bakers J. , Kruithof Willeke J. , van Groenestijn Annerieke C. , Jaspers Focks Rineke J. H. , de Grund Arthur , van den Berg Leonard H. , Visser-Meily Johanna M. A. , Beelen Anita 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Poor monitoring of respiratory function may lead to late initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with motor neuron diseases (MND). Monitoring could be improved by remotely assessing hypoventilation symptoms between clinic visits. We aimed to determine which patient-reported hypoventilation symptoms are best for screening reduced respiratory function in patients with MND, and compared them to the respiratory domain of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R).

Methods
This prospective multi-center study included 100 patients with MND, who were able to perform a supine vital capacity test. Reduced respiratory function was defined as a predicted supine vital capacity ≤ 80%. We developed a 14-item hypoventilation symptom questionnaire (HYSQ) based on guidelines, expert opinion and think-aloud interviews with patients. Symptoms of the HYSQ were related to dyspnea, sleep quality, sleepiness/fatigue and pneumonia. The diagnostic performances of these symptoms and the ALSFRS-R respiratory domain were determined from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy.

Results
Dyspnea-related symptoms (dyspnea while eating/talking, while lying flat and during light activity) were combined into the MND Dyspnea Scale (MND-DS). ROC curves showed that the MND-DS had the best diagnostic performance, with the highest AUC = 0.72, sensitivity = 75% and accuracy = 71%. Sleep-quality symptoms, sleepiness/fatigue-related symptoms and the ALSFRS-R respiratory domain showed weak diagnostic performance.

Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of the MND-DS was better than the respiratory domain of the ALSFRS-R for screening reduced respiratory function in patients with MND, and is, therefore, the preferred method for (remotely) monitoring respiratory function.
Antenatally detected urinary tract dilatation: a 12–15-year follow-up
Authors: Herthelius Maria , Axelsson Rimma , Lidefelt Karl-Johan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Antenatally diagnosed urinary tract dilatation (UTD) still burdens healthcare providers and parents. This study was conducted to establish long-term outcome in an unselected group of children with antenatally detected UTD.

Methods
Seventy-one out of 103 children born in 2003–2005 and diagnosed with antenatal UTD agreed to participate in a 12–15-year follow-up including blood and urine samples, a kidney ultrasound exam, and kidney scintigraphy. The records were searched for previous urinary tract infections.

Results
Among children with an anteroposterior diameter (APD) ≤ 7 mm and no calyceal, kidney, ureteral, or bladder pathology in the early postnatal period, no one tested had reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, or UTD at the follow-up at a mean age of 13.6 years. One child had kidney damage not affecting kidney function. Among children with postnatal APD > 7 mm and/or kidney, calyceal, ureteral, or bladder pathology, 15% had persistent UTD and 32–39% (depending on the method used) had kidney damage. Major postnatal urinary tract ultrasound abnormalities and a congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) diagnosis were factors associated with an increased risk for permanent kidney damage (odds ratios 8.9, p = 0.016; and 14.0, p = 0.002, respectively). No one had reduced eGFR. One child (1/71, 1%) had a febrile urinary tract infection after the age of 2.

Conclusions
We conclude that in children with postnatal APD ≤ 7 mm, no calyceal dilatation, normal bladder, ureters, and kidney parenchyma, the outcome is excellent. There is no need for long-term follow-up in these patients.
Heat flow with Dirichlet boundary conditions via optimal transport and gluing of metric measure spaces
Authors: Profeta Angelo , Sturm Karl-Theodor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe introduce thetransportation-annihilation distance$$W_p^\sharp $$Wp♯between subprobabilities and derive contraction estimates with respect to this distance for the heat flow with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on an open set in a metric measure space. We also deduce the Bochner inequality for the Dirichlet Laplacian as well as gradient estimates for the associated Dirichlet heat flow. For the Dirichlet heat flow, moreover, we establish a gradient flow interpretation within a suitable space ofcharged probabilities. In order to prove this, we will work with thedoublingof the open set, the space obtained by gluing together two copies of it along the boundary.
Perioperative complications of abdominal surgery in smokers
Authors: Inoue Yoshikazu , Katoh Takahiko , Masuda Shota , Lu Xi , Koga Tadashi , Sadohara Tomohiro , Sadanaga Michiaki , Tanaka Eiji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study examined the association between smoking and perioperative complications of laparoscopic abdominal surgery and whether these complications were reduced with ≥ 4 weeks of preoperative smoking cessation.

Methods
A total of 555 patients who underwent gastric and colorectal cancer surgeries under general anesthesia were divided into the following groups retrospectively: 290 individuals without smoking history (NS group), 144 previous smokers (stopped smoking more than 8 weeks before surgery, PS group), and 121 current smokers (CS group) divided to two groups according to preoperative smoking cessation for < 4 (CS1, n = 76) and 4–8 weeks (CS2, n = 45).

Results
When compared with the NS group, postoperative hospitalization duration was significantly longer in the CS1 group (p < 0.01), whereas differences between the CS2 or PS groups and NS group were not significant. The total number of postoperative complications was higher in all groups of smoking than in NS group, independent on preoperative smoking cessation; however, suture failure was significantly more frequent only in CS1 group. Although pack-years did not significantly affect complication rates in smokers, duration of smoking cessation time in PS group was a negative predictor of postoperative complications.

Conclusion
Providing more than 4 weeks of smoking cessation before gastrointestinal surgery can reduce the duration of hospitalization and rate of suture failure.
Testing the ability for autonomous oral hygiene in hospitalized geriatric patients—clinical validation study
Authors: Schüler Ina Manuela , Kurtz Barbara , Heinrich-Weltzien Roswitha , Lehmann Thomas , Kwetkat Anja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate if the Timed Test for Money Counting (TTMC) complemented with testing the range of shoulder motion by griping the backside of the neck (NG) predicts the ability of geriatric inpatients to perform effective plaque reduction by autonomously conducted oral hygiene.

Material and methods
This clinical validation study involved 74 hospitalized geriatric inpatients, 48 (64.9%) females, aged between 66 and 98 years (mean age 84.1 years). Oral health status was examined. Dental plaque was assessed with the Turesky modified Quigley-Hein Index (TI) on teeth and the Denture Hygiene Index (DHI) on removable dentures. The performance and duration of TTMC and NG were recorded. After autonomous tooth brushing and denture cleaning by the patient, dental plaque was scored again with the TI and DHI. Geriatric assessment data were collected from medical records.

Results
Forty-nine (66.2%) geriatric inpatients completed the TTMC&NG successfully. Passing the TTMC&NG was significantly associated with better plaque removal on teeth and dentures by autonomously conducted oral hygiene. The sensitivity of the TTMC&NG for above average plaque reduction was 86.4% on teeth and 77.8% on dentures. The test revealed a negative predictive value of 75.0% to detect below average plaque reduction on teeth and 72.7% on dentures.

Conclusions
The TTMC&NG served as a suitable predictor for the ability of geriatric inpatients to perform autonomously effective tooth brushing and denture cleaning.

Clinical relevance
This simple and short test might help the medical staff to identify geriatric inpatients unable to perform effective oral hygiene by themselves.
Levels of different subtypes of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes correlate with each other, with matched circulating lymphocytes, and with survival in breast cancer
Authors: Verma Rashmi , Hanby Andrew M. , Horgan Kieran , Verghese Eldo T. , Volpato Milene , Carter Clive R. , Hughes Thomas A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes associate with clinico-pathological factors, including survival, although the literature includes many conflicting findings. Our aim was to assess these associations for key lymphocyte subtypes and in different tumour compartments, to determine whether these provide differential correlations and could, therefore, explain published inconsistencies. Uniquely, we also examine whether infiltrating levels merely reflect systemic lymphocyte levels or whether local factors are predominant in recruitment.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was used to detect tumour-infiltrating CD20+ (B), CD4+ (helper T), CD8+ (cytotoxic T) and FoxP3+ (regulatory T) cells in breast cancers from 62 patients, with quantification in tumour stroma, tumour cell nests, and tumour margins. Levels were analysed with respect to clinico-pathological characteristics and matched circulating levels (determined by flow-cytometry).

Results
CD4+ lymphocytes were the most prevalent subtype in tumour stroma and at tumour edge and CD8+ lymphocytes were most prevalent in tumour nests; FoxP3+ lymphocytes were rarest in all compartments. High grade or hormone receptor negative tumours generally had significantly increased lymphocytes, especially in tumour stroma. Only intra-tumoural levels of CD8+ lymphocytes correlated significantly with matched circulating levels (p < 0.03), suggesting that recruitment is mainly unrelated to systemic activity. High levels of stromal CD4+ and CD20+ cells associated with improved survival in hormone receptor negative cases (p < 0.04), while tumour nest CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells associated with poor survival in hormone receptor positives (p < 0.005).

Conclusions
Lymphocyte subtype and location define differential impacts on tumour biology, therefore, roles of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes will only be unravelled through thorough analyses that take this into account.
The reasonable doubt standard as inference to the best explanation
Authors: Jellema Hylke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExplanationist accounts of rational legal proof view trials as a competition between explanations. Such accounts are often criticized for being underdeveloped. One question in need of further attention is when guilt is proven beyond a reasonable doubt (BARD) in criminal trials. This article defends an inference to the best explanation (IBE)-based approach on which guilt is only established BARD if (1) the best guilt explanation in a case is substantially more plausible than any innocence explanation, and (2) there is no good reason to presume that we have overlooked evidence or alternative explanations that could realistically have exonerated the defendant. This is a comparative account, which I argue is better suited for arriving at accurate verdicts than the non-comparative ‘no plausible alternative’ account that many explanationists tacitly assume. Furthermore, this account is not susceptible to the most important arguments against IBE in criminal trials or to arguments against other, non-explanationist interpretations of the BARD standard. I use a case study to illustrate how this account provides meaningful guidance for decision makers in criminal trials.
A modal theory of discrimination
Authors: Melchior Guido 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiscrimination is a central epistemic capacity but typically, theories of discrimination only use discrimination as a vehicle for analyzing knowledge. This paper aims at developing a self-contained theory of discrimination. Internalist theories of discrimination fail since there is no compelling correlation between discriminatory capacities and experiences. Moreover, statistical reliabilist theories are also flawed. Only a modal theory of discrimination is promising. Versions of sensitivity and adherence that take particular alternatives into account provide necessary and sufficient conditions on discrimination. Safety in contrast is not sufficient for discrimination as there are cases of safety that are clearly instances of discrimination failure. The developed account of discrimination between objects will be extended to discrimination between kinds and between types.
Modeling the Failure Behavior of Self-Piercing Riveting Joints of 6xxx Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Hönsch Florian , Domitner Josef , Sommitsch Christof , Götzinger Bruno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf-piercing riveting (SPR) is a mechanical joining process which is applied for joining similar and dissimilar lightweight materials in modern car body manufacturing. For qualifying SPR joints, cross sections must be investigated with respect to predefined quality features. Thus, numerous tests must be carried out in order to determine the maximum load capacity of SPR joints for different load angles. The growing number of materials used for the body-in-white requires a reliable and time efficient routine for predicting the joining behavior and the load capacity of SPR joints. In this study, the load capacity of three SPR joints was investigated numerically and experimentally using so-called KS2 samples. The results of axisymmetric two-dimensional finite element simulations (Hönsch et al in J Phys Conf Ser 1063:1-6, 2018) are the basis for three-dimensional simulations of the destructive testing procedure. The experimental setup of destructive testing was modeled using the FE software Simufact Forming 15. The numerically determined load capacity was validated with experimental data. Comparing the failure modes and the force–displacement curves revealed good agreement of simulations and experiments. Therefore, the presented simulation is a powerful tool for predicting the behavior of SPR joints under different load cases.