bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method of Removing Emulsion Blockage after Drilling Operations Using Thermochemical Fluid
Authors: Alade Olalekan , Mahmoud Mohamed , Hassan Amjed , Murtaza Mobeen , Shehri Dhafer Al , Al-Nakhli Ayman , Bataweel Mohammed 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA novel approach to exploit heat and pressure generated from the exothermic reactions of the aqueous solution of thermochemical reactants, in removing emulsion blockage induced by oil-based mud (OBM) has been investigated. The proposed technology essentially concerns raising the temperature and pressure of the formation above the kinetic stability of emulsions using thermochemical fluid (TCF). From the batch experiments, to assess the energetics of the thermochemical reaction, it was observed that the temperature of the system could be raised above 170°C at a pressure of 1,600 psi. The chemical can be effectively applied under different operating temperatures Tr = 20, 40, 55, and 100°C without significant effect on the heat and pressure generation. The specific energy per unit volume of the reaction is equivalent to ≈370 MJ/m3 within the operating conditions. OBM was prepared and used as the damaging fluid. A TCF was injected into the damaged core sample for cleaning. Permeability and porosity change of the treated core was tested using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to monitor the efficiency of the TCF injection. Ultimately, injecting 1 pore volume (PV) of the TCF removed approximately 72% of the OBM-based emulsion from the core sample. In addition, permeability of the core sample increased from 120 to 800 md, while the porosity increased from 20 to 21.5% after treatment. Moreover, the pressure profile, observed during the flooding experiment, showed that no precipitation or damage was induced during the TCF flooding. Therefore, it is envisaged that the in-situ heat generation can mitigate the emulsion blockage problem and offer advantages over the existing methods considering environmental friendliness and damage removal efficiency.
Serum Zinc deficiency in squamous cell carcinomas of oral and maxillofacial region: a risk factor to its development and metastasis
Authors: Xu Zhenq , Shang Jianw , Wang Guoq , Long Li , Zhang Ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background To explore whether serum Zinc deficiency (sZnd) is a promoter to the development and lymphonode metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral and maxillofacial region (OMF). Methods 610 patients with SCC were enrolled in the study group, the controls consisted of the same number of age-gender matched subjects without cancers, serum Zinc level (sZn) was tested in both groups and anyone whose sZn belowed reference interval was detected as having sZnd. Characteristics of SCCs were investigated. Different concentration of serum Zinc and prevalence of sZnd between the two groups were calculated using Chi-square test. The association between serum Zinc status and SCC with different T-stages and lymphonode metastasis was focused on research. Results The patients varied from 19 to 87 years with a mean age of 58.89±10.91 years. Oral cavity was the most commonly affected region. Males were involved predominantly with a ratio of 1.44:1 to females. The concentration of sZn in malignancies was 12.57±2.53 μmol/L, 17.87% suffered from sZnd; in the control group were 14.65±2.25 μmol/L and 4.75%. Decreased sZn and increased prevalence of sZnd in SCC were statistically significant to controls (p=0.000) . Increased incidence of sZnd and reduced level of sZn correlated significantly to the the progression and lymphnode metastasis of SCC (p<0.01).Conclusions sZnd was a possible predisposing indicator to the tumorigenesis of SCC and also a promoter to its aggravation and lymphonode metastasis, which should be considered as a factor in devising the treatment plannings.
Early experience with four-dimensional computed tomography for observing velopharyngeal closure function in pediatric patients and the evaluation of the exposure dose
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshikazu , Kobayashi Masanao , Kanamori Daisuke , Fujii Naoko , Kataoka Yumi , Satoh Koji , Sano Yoshimi , Yoshioka Satoshi , Tateya Ichiro , Toyama Hiroshi , Matsuo Koichiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The aims of this study were to perform a four-dimensional assessment of velopharyngeal closure function in pediatric patients with cleft palate using 320-row area detector computed tomography (CT), and to estimate the organ-absorbed doses using Monte Carlo simulation.
Methods

We evaluated CT image data obtained between July 2018 and August 2019 from five pediatric patients with cleft palate (four boys and one girl; age range, 4–7 years) at Fujita Health University Hospital. The presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), patterns of velopharyngeal closure (VPC), and cross-sectional area of VPI were evaluated. In addition, organ-absorbed doses were assumed in the Monte Carlo simulation. However, we did not perform statistical analysis because of the insufficient number of patients enrolled in this study.
Results

The existence of VPI and hypernasality were completely concordant. The VPC patterns were circular (two patients), circular with Passavant’s ridge (one patient), and unevaluable (two patients). The organ-absorbed doses were relatively lower than those in past reports.
Conclusions

Our method could be an alternative for patients who refuse the conventional nasopharyngoscopic evaluation.
Implementing an intervention to improve adverse incident reporting in the hospital setting: A pilot study
Authors: Akiyama Naomi , Koeda Keisuke , Uozumi Ryuji , Takahashi Fumiaki , Ogasawara Kuniaki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: This pilot study evaluated an intervention designed to increase error reporting among physicians. Research was conducted at University Hospital A, where data were collected from April 2017 to March 2019. The intervention began in April 2018 and consisted of the four following steps: define reporting standards, improve the incident reporting system, have the hospital administrators set clear goals and begin a visualized feedback process, and achieve support and appropriate feedback from the hospital administrator. Results: Physicians’ reporting rates were higher in FY 2018 than 2017. Particularly, differences began to occur in November of FY 2018 (p < 0.05, analysed using Fisher’s exact test). Further, the number of reports submitted by non-physicians increased by 900 in FY 2018 compared to those in FY 2017. Based on these results, the intervention effectively increased incident reporting rates among not only physicians, but also other staff members. In this regard, reporting barriers were broken when hospital administrators encouraged employees to submit incident reports.
Multi-dimensional Strategic Approach to the Communicable Diseases With Systemic Risks by Using IT2 Fuzzy Decision-making Modelling
Authors: Wang Shubin , Yang Peiqing , Yüksel Serhat , Dinçer Hasan , Ubay Gözde Gülseven 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Communicable diseases lead to significant social and financial burden for the countries. Therefore, countries should define their social and technical factors for struggling these problems. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effective strategies to minimize socio-economic burden of these diseases.
Methods

For this purpose, 8 different criteria are identified based on the literature analysis. In the evaluation process, the significance levels of these factors are calculated by considering interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) DEMATEL.
Findings:

The findings show that technological infrastructure, social distance, and tendency of obeying rules are the most significant items to control these problems. This situation explains that countries should have the necessary equipment to make the diagnosis quickly and effectively. In addition, countries that have effective laboratories in which vaccines and drugs can be developed can be more successful in combating these pandemics. Additionally, it is also defined that cultural factors play also key role to control these problems.
Conclusions

In this framework, it is vital that the people in the country take the rules set by the government seriously and without exception. For this purpose, it should be explained to citizens living in the country that personal hygiene, social distance and not entering crowded environments are very important to manage these problems. For this purpose, role model people in the country can be preferred in different platforms so that it can be more effective on the citizens.
Mental Health in Young Healthcare and Social Work Professionals: Associations with Psychosocial Work Environment Factors
Authors: Bonsaksen Tore , Nerdrum Per , Geirdal Amy Østertun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Associations between work environment factors and mental health may differ between groups. The study aimed to explore associations between aspects of the psychosocial work environment and mental health among young professionals in four healthcare and social work groups in Norway.Methods: 856 employees were included in this cross-sectional study six years after graduation. The participants completed questionnaires concerned with mental health, work environment, work engagement, and psychological work factors. Data were analyzed with linear and logistic regression analyses.Results: In the whole sample, poorer mental health was associated with higher demands, lower support, lower job satisfaction, more work-home interaction problems, and lower coping in the job. Each unit increase in work-home interaction problems doubled the likelihood of having case-level psychological distress. The strength of the associations between mental health and other factors, such as the demands and support experienced in the job and perceived coping in the job, varied by professional group. Conclusions: Problems concerned with the interaction between work and home were generally associated with poorer mental health. Between professional groups, other independent variables were differently associated with mental health. Work environment factors should receive continued attention in efforts to investigate and promote mental health.
Evaluation of Gentamicin Exposure Effects on Human gut Microbiota using the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME)
Authors: Liu Lei , Qi Hongmei , Suo Pengcheng , Wang Siyi , Lin Huai , Zuo Xiaojun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are emerging toxic contaminant that have potential public health risk worldwide. They may cause the human intestinal microbial disorder, as well as the spreading of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Most of the intestinal bacteria are not cultivable for the moment, tracking the special gene-labeled plasmid from the exogenous bacteria would help obtain the direct evidence of the horizontal transfer of ARGs in the intestinal flora. However, to date, there are only a few research reports applying the exogenous labeled bacteria to study the transfer of ARGs among intestinal bacteria. Therefore, for the first time, this study evaluated the in vitro ability of gentamicin on colonization of exogenous bacteria and plasmid in the simulated human gut. Results: This study indicated that exposure to gentamicin may be conducive to the colonization of exogenous bacteria and plasmid, as well as the conjugation of plasmid to gut microbiota. Gentamicin exposure was also confirmed to reduce the gene numbers of human disease-related pathways and promote the drug resistance in the gut microbiota. The effects on the genetic level might attribute to microbiota shift, as co-occurrence patterns suggested that Bacteroides attributed to the ARGs enrichment and Klebsiella played a crucial role in human disease-related pathways reduction after gentamicin treatment. Conclusion: These results may open up new perspectives for assessing the direct effects of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota. These suggested side-effects should be considered for antibiotics prescription.
Acetate, Propionate and Butyrate Reduce Appetite and Fat Accumulation in Mice via Modulating Relevant Genes and Hormones
Authors: Chen Daiwen , Jiao Anran , Yu Bing , He Jun , Yu Jie , Zheng Ping , Luo Yuheng , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , Wang Quyuan , Wang Huifen , Mao Xiangbing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Acetate, propionate and butyrate, three of the most common short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can be produced when some non-digestible carbohydrates enter the large intestine and undergo bacterial fermentation. This study was designed to investigate the effects of these three SCFAs on appetite regulation and lipid metabolism, and to what extent appetite contributed to the beneficial influences of SCFAs. In a 35-day study, a total of 48 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly allocated into six groups : (1) control; (2) 5% sodium acetate; (3) 5% sodium propionate; (4) 5% sodium butyrate; (5) pair fed 1; (6) pair fed 2. The results showed that sodium acetate reduced serum triglyceride, free fatty acids, glucose and interleukin (IL) 6 levels (P < 0.05), increased serum glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin levels (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and lipoprotein lipase (P < 0.05), and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of fasting induced adipose factor, nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, cytochromec oxidase IV and free fatty acid receptor 2 (P < 0.05). Sodium propionate also reduced serum IL-1β level (P < 0.05), increased serum peptide YY level (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (P < 0.05), and up-regulated the mRNA expression of transmembrane protein 26 (P < 0.05). Besides, Sodium butyrate decreased average daily feed intake (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA expression of myosin heavy-chain (MyHc) Ⅱb (P < 0.05), and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of lipase hormone-sensitive, MyHC Ⅱa and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α (P < 0.05). Moreover, the metabolic benefits of SCFAs were partly attributed to the reduction of feed intake. Taken together, SCFAs could reduce appetite and fat accumulation via modulating relevant genes and hormones, which might further illustrate the potential mechanisms that underlay the impacts of SCFAs on lipid homeostasis and body weight control.
A complex tetralogy of Fallot case with an unusual cluster of malformations diagnosed by multiple prenatal ultrasound views
Authors: Wu Yun , Zhou Liu-ying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a complex congenital anomaly with a wide variety of prenatal presentations beyond the core malformations, creating difficulty in prenatal diagnosis, prognosis, and perinatal management. Indeed, TOF should be considered the ‘complex’ of Fallot. Case presentation Through a series of precise prenatal ultrasound views, we describe a rare case of complex TOF with multiple malformations including main pulmonary artery atresia, left ductus arteriosus connecting subpulmonary arteries to the left innominate artery, and a right aortic arch with mirror image branching. The prenatal diagnosis and all ultrasound findings were confirmed by autopsy. Conclusions Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a complex congenital anomaly with various branches of blood vessels. A set of standard views plus additional views (the upper chest coronal view) are required for prenatal diagnosis of complex TOF.
Comparative Study on Nitrogen Assimilation and Gene Regulation of different Kentucky bluegrass Cultivars in response to Nitrate supply
Authors: xiaoyang sun , Yajun Chen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L) is one of the most popular cool-season turfgrass worldwide, but the mechanisms of this species in response to low nitrogen (N) still remain unclear. In this study, we characterized two cultivars ‘Bluemoon’ and ‘Balin’ distinctly in morphological, chromosomal, physiological and molecular attributes to N supply.Results: Bluemoon was more tolerant to low N than Balin by exhibiting higher turf quality (TQ), photosynthetic ability, activities of N reductases and synthetases and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Gene expression profiling showed that there were 968 and 336 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after eliminating genetic background differences in Bluemoon and Balin respectively during low N stress, and these DEGs highly enriched in ‘Nitrogen metabolism’, ‘Pyruvate metabolism’ and ‘Carbon fixation in photosynthetic’ pathways. The identified genes related to carbon (C) metabolism highly expressed in Bluemoon, which could generate more NADPH then result in more N reduction comparing with Balin. Moreover, R2R3-MYB transcription factors were predicted to bind the promoter of GS to enhance the efficiency of GS/GOGAT cycle.Conclusion: These results could be crucial molecular regulations for improving the tolerance to low N and NUE in Bluemoon. The climate and geography in origins may shape the N assimilation patterns in Kentucky bluegrass via long-term domestication. Taken together, the findings help elucidate the low N tolerance mechanisms in Kentucky bluegrass and would be valuable for the genetic improvement of NUE aiming to promote low-input turfgrass management.
Unexpected increase of myocardial extracellular volume fraction in low cardiovascular risk HIV patients
Authors: BORRAZZO CRISTIAN , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Pacilio Massimiliano , Santinelli Letizia , Cavallari Eugenio Nelson , Spagnolello Ornella , Silvestri Valeria , Vassalini Paolo , Scagnolari Carolina , Francone Marco , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Carbone Iacopo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) are prone to develop sub-clinical Cardiovascular (CV) disease, despite the effectiveness of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). Algorithms developed to predict CV risk in the general population could be inaccurate when applied to PLWH. Myocardial Extra-Cellular Matrix (ECM) expansion, measured by computed tomography, has been associated with an increased CV vulnerability in HIV-negative population. Measurement of Myocardial Extra-Cellular Volume (ECV) by computed tomography or magnetic resonance, is considered a useful surrogate for clinical evaluation of ECM expansion. In the present study, we aimed to determine the extent of cardiovascular involvement in asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with the use of a comprehensive cardiac computed tomography (CCT) approach.Materials and methods: In the present study, ECV in low atherosclerotic CV risk PLWH was compared with ECV of age and gender matched HIV- individuals. 53 asymptomatic HIV+ individuals (45 males, age 48 (42.5-48) years) on effective cART (CD4+ cell count: 450 cells/μL (IQR: 328-750); plasma HIV RNA: <37 copies/ml in all subjects) and 18 age and gender matched controls (14 males, age 55 (44.5-56) years) were retrospectively enrolled. All participants underwent CCT protocol to obtain native and postcontrast Hounsfield unit values of blood and myocardium, ECM was calculated accordingly.Results: The ECV was significantly higher in HIV+ patients than in the control group (ECV: 31% (IQR: 28%-31%) vs 27.4% (IQR: 25%-28%), p<0.001). The duration of cART (standardized β=0.56 (0.33-0.95), p=0.014) and the years of exposure to HIV infection (standardized β=0.53 (0.4-0.92), p<0.001), were positively and strongly associated with ECV values. Differences in ECV (p<0.001) were also observed regarding the duration of cART exposure (<5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years). Moreover, ECV was independently associated with age of participants (standardized β = 0.42 (0.33-0.89), p=0.084).Conclusions: HIV infection and exposure to antiretrovirals play a detrimental role on ECV expansion. An increase in ECV indicates ECM expansion, which has been associated to a higher CV risk in the general population. The non-invasive evaluation of ECM trough ECV could represent an important tool to further understand the relationship between HIV infection, cardiac pathophysiology and the increased CV risk observed in PLWH.
Medical service demands of older patients in different age groups in a new model of free Telemedicine
Authors: Gong Yu , Zhou Jianyuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Medical service for the older patients is a worldwide challenge for public health system. Telemedicine can provide convenient and effective medical service for older patients. But the existing telemedicine models rely upon a direct communication between a doctor and a patient via the Internet but the doctor would be unable to give the patient a direct physical examination, it may lead to diagnostic errors. A new model of telemedicine jointly performed by general practitioners in community health centers and specialists in a university teaching hospital has been established. It is supervised by the government health department and is free for older patients. However, medical service demands of older patients in different age groups applying the new telemedicine are not well characterized. This study is to analyze medical service demands of older patients in different age groups applying the new telemedicine.
Methods

472 older patients (aged ≥ 60) were enrolled and were divided into the young older group (aged 60 to 74), the old older group (aged 75 to 89) and the very old group (aged ≥ 90) according to the age stratification for older people defined by World Health Organization. Proportion of the top 10 diseases of older patients of different age groups was analyzed.
Results

Coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified as the top two diseases in the older patients and the young older patients as well as the old older patients applying the new telemedicine.
Conclusions

The new telemedicine model can provide effective free medical services to older patients. Different medical service demands were identified in different age groups of older patients. Coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the main diseases of the older patients and young older patients as well as the old older patients applying the new telemedicine. Results of this study will provide basis for the health administrative departments to formulate health policies for older patients. Familiar with the main diseases in different age groups of older patients may provide better medical services to older patients.