bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switchable Two‐Photon Pumped Polarized Lasing Performance in Composition‐Graded MOFs Based Heterostructures
Authors: Li Hongjun , Zhang Lin , He Huajun , Hu Enlai , Yang Yu , Li Bin , Cui Yuanjing , Qian Guodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe manipulation on dual‐/multi‐band multiphoton pumped lasing in a single microcrystal is critically essential and technologically needed, which still faces difficulties such as the lack of effective approaches to integrate various multiphoton gain media while avoiding undesirable energy transfer processes. Herein, for the first time, the switchable dual‐band two‐photon pumped (TPP) lasing is realized by constructing composition‐graded metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) heterostructures. The epitaxial growth strategy is adopted for the development of heterostructures, which achieves the hierarchical encapsulation of different linear dye molecules along the 1D channels, thereby effectively restraining unnecessary intermolecular interactions. Strong position dependence of emission response in such deliberately designed heterostructures is observed, enabling a switchable dual‐band TPP polarized lasing through precise selection on excited positions. Furthermore, the excitation wavelength dependence of emission also endows such heterostructures with switchable optical behaviors (two‐photon fluorescence or lasing) via controlling the incident wavelength. The novel heterostructures for switchable dual‐band TPP lasing with uniquely position‐dependent and excitation wavelength‐dependent features open an avenue to develop controllable miniaturized lasers and make such MOFs based micro‐lasers promising for practical applications in future optoelectronic devices.
Id1 and Id3 Are Regulated Through Matrix‐Assisted Autocrine BMP Signaling and Represent Therapeutic Targets in Melanoma
Authors: Sedlmeier Georg , Al‐Rawi Vanessa , Buchert Justyna , Yserentant Klaus , Rothley Melanie , Steshina Anastasia , Gräßle Simone , Wu Ruo‐Lin , Hurrle Thomas , Richer Wilfrid , Decraene Charles , Thiele Wilko , Utikal Jochen , Abuillan Wasim , Tanaka Motomu , Herten Dirk‐Peter , Hill Caroline S. , Garvalov Boyan K. , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan , Sleeman Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tumorigenicity of cancer cells is highly influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM) through mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here it is reported that a variety of 3D ECM microenvironments strongly induce expression of Id1 and Id3 in melanoma cells. Genetic ablation of Id1/Id3 impairs melanoma cell outgrowth in 3D Matrigel culture and inhibits melanoma initiation in vivo. Mechanistically, 3D ECM microenvironments hinder diffusion of endogenously produced bone morphogenetic proteins, thereby fostering autocrine signaling and Id1/Id3 expression. A compound screen identifies new coumarin derivatives that potently inhibit both Id1/Id3 expression and melanoma initiation in vivo. Together, the findings reveal a novel mechanism through which the ECM increases tumorigenicity, identify Id1/Id3 as melanoma‐relevant therapeutic targets, and characterize inhibitors of Id1/Id3 expression with therapeutic potential.
Faradaic Electrodes Open a New Era for Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Li Qian , Zheng Yun , Xiao Dengji , Or Tyler , Gao Rui , Li Zhaoqiang , Feng Ming , Shui Lingling , Zhou Guofu , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCapacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology for effective removal of ionic species from aqueous solutions. Compared to conventional CDI, which is based on carbon electrodes and struggles with high salinity streams due to a limited salt removal capacity by ion electrosorption and excessive co‐ion expulsion, the emerging Faradaic electrodes provide unique opportunities to upgrade the CDI performance, i.e., achieving much higher salt removal capacities and energy‐efficient desalination for high salinity streams, due to the Faradaic reaction for ion capture. This article presents a comprehensive overview on the current developments of Faradaic electrode materials for CDI. Here, the fundamentals of Faradaic electrode‐based CDI are first introduced in detail, including novel CDI cell architectures, key CDI performance metrics, ion capture mechanisms, and the design principles of Faradaic electrode materials. Three main categories of Faradaic electrode materials are summarized and discussed regarding their crystal structure, physicochemical characteristics, and desalination performance. In particular, the ion capture mechanisms in Faradaic electrode materials are highlighted to obtain a better understanding of the CDI process. Moreover, novel tailored applications, including selective ion removal and contaminant removal, are specifically introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and research directions are also outlined to provide guidelines for future research.
USP38 Couples Histone Ubiquitination and Methylation via KDM5B to Resolve Inflammation
Authors: Zhao Zhiyao , Su Zexiong , Liang Puping , Liu Di , Yang Shuai , Wu Yaoxing , Ma Ling , Feng Junyan , Zhang Xiya , Wu Chenglei , Huang Junjiu , Cui Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChromatin modifications, such as histone acetylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, play fundamental roles in maintaining chromatin architecture and regulating gene transcription. Although their crosstalk in chromatin remodeling has been gradually uncovered, the functional relationship between histone ubiquitination and methylation in regulating immunity and inflammation remains unclear. Here, it is reported that USP38 is a novel histone deubiquitinase that works together with the histone H3K4 modifier KDM5B to orchestrate inflammatory responses. USP38 specifically removes the monoubiquitin on H2B at lysine 120, which functions as a prerequisite for the subsequent recruitment of demethylase KDM5B to the promoters of proinflammatory cytokines Il6 and Il23a during LPS stimulation. KDM5B in turn inhibits the binding of NF‐κB transcription factors to the Il6 and Il23a promoters by reducing H3K4 trimethylation. Furthermore, USP38 can bind to KDM5B and prevent it from proteasomal degradation, which further enhances the function of KDM5B in the regulation of inflammation‐related genes. Loss of Usp38 in mice markedly enhances susceptibility to endotoxin shock and acute colitis, and these mice display a more severe inflammatory phenotype compared to wild‐type mice. The studies identify USP38‐KDM5B as a distinct chromatin modification complex that restrains inflammatory responses through manipulating the crosstalk of histone ubiquitination and methylation.
On Charge Carrier Density in Organic Solar Cells Obtained via Capacitance Spectroscopy
Authors: Vollbrecht Joachim , Brus Viktor V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe determination of the voltage‐dependent density of free charge carriers via capacitance spectroscopy is considered an important step in the analysis of emerging photovoltaic technologies, such as organic and perovskite solar cells. In particular, an intimate knowledge of the density of free charge carriers is required for the determination of crucial parameters such as the effective mobility, charge carrier lifetime, nongeminate recombination coefficients, average extraction times, and competition factors. Hence, it is paramount to verify the validity of the commonly employed approaches to obtain the density of free charge carriers. The advantages, drawbacks, and limitations of the most common approaches are investigated in detail and strategies to mitigate misleading values are explored. To this end, two types of nonfullerene organic solar cells based on a PTB7‐Th:ITIC‐2F blend and a PM6:Y6 blend, respectively, are used as a case study to assess how subsequent analyses of the nongeminate recombination dynamics depend on the chosen approach to calculate the density of free charge carriers via capacitance spectroscopy.
Rigid Exchange Coupling in Rare‐Earth‐Lean Amorphous Hard/Soft Nanocomposites
Authors: Rani Parul , Muscas Giuseppe , Stopfel Henry , Andersson Gabriella , Jönsson Petra Erika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrification of vehicles and renewable energy is increasing the demand for permanent magnets, but the cost and scarcity of rare‐earth metals is an obstacle. Creating nanocomposites of rigidly exchange‐coupled hard and soft magnets, for which the magnetization reversal occurs as in a single magnetic‐phase material, is a promising route toward rare‐earth‐lean permanent magnets with high energy products. The hard/soft exchange coupling is, however, often reduced due to rough interfaces and structural defects, resulting in exchange‐spring behavior rather than rigid exchange coupling. Here, it is shown that artificially sandwiched hard and soft amorphous magnets produced by magnetron sputtering exhibit smooth interfaces, and the first order reversal curve (FORC) technique is used to show that the hard and the soft phases are rigidly exchange coupled. Micromagnetic simulations, using a random‐anisotropy model, are used to predict the thickness limit of the rigid exchange coupling. A great advantage of amorphous hard/soft composites is the possibility to obtain a wide range of magnetic properties by finely tuning the composition of the individual phases.
Size‐ and Temperature‐Dependent Suppression of Phonon Thermal Conductivity in Carbon Nanotube Thermoelectric Films
Authors: Wesenberg Devin J. , Roos Michael J. , Avery Azure D. , Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Ferguson Andrew J. , Zink Barry L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeat transport in nanoscale carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene is normally dominated by phonons. Here, measurements of in‐plane thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and thermopower are presented from 77–350 K on two films with thickness <100 nm formed from semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes. These measurements are made with silicon–nitride membrane thermal isolation platforms. The two films, formed from disordered networks of tubes with differing tube and bundle size, have very different thermal conductivity. One film matches a simple model of heat conduction assuming constant phonon velocity and mean free path, and 3D Debye heat capacity with a Debye temperature of 770 K. The second film shows a more complicated temperature dependence, with a dramatic drop in a relatively narrow window near 200 K where phonon contributions to thermal conductivity essentially vanish. This causes a corresponding large increase in thermoelectric figure‐of‐merit at the same temperature. A better understanding of this behavior can allow significant improvement in thermoelectric efficiency of these low‐cost earth‐abundant, organic electronic materials. Heat and charge conductivity near room temperature is also presented as a function of doping, which provides further information on the interaction of dopant molecules and phonon transport in disordered nanotube films.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Interface Engineering Nanomaterials in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Seo Yeon , Cho Soo Jin , Byeon Seo Eun , He Xin , Yoon Hyo Jae 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), owing to their unique and versatile abilities to manipulate chemical and physical interfacial properties, have emerged as powerful nanomaterials for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Indeed, in the last six years, a collection of studies has shown that the application of SAMs to PSCs boosts the performance of devices compared to the pristine PSCs. This review describes recent studies that demonstrate the direct advantages of SAM‐based interfacial engineering to power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. This review includes 1) a brief introduction on SAMs as interfacial engineering nanomaterials; 2) a thorough survey of molecules used in SAM‐engineered PSCs and analysis of chemical structures; 3) an extensive discussion on how SAMs affect the morphology of perovskite film and the electronic function of devices; and 4) a comprehensive summary of various types of approaches for producing SAM‐engineered PSCs. This review provides an insightful perspective to stimulate new ideas and innovation in the development of PSCs for the next‐generation photovoltaics and beyond.
Altering the Positions of Chlorine and Bromine Substitution on the End Group Enables High‐Performance Acceptor and Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Luo Zhenghui , Ma Ruijie , Chen Zhanxiang , Xiao Yiqun , Zhang Guangye , Liu Tao , Sun Rui , Zhan Qun , Zou Yang , Zhong Cheng , Chen Yuzhong , Sun Huiliang , Chai Gaoda , Chen Kai , Guo Xugang , Min Jie , Lu Xinhui , Yang Chuluo , Yan He 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is widely recognized that subtle changes in the chemical structure of organic semiconductors can induce dramatic variations in their optoelectronic properties and device performance, especially for the nonfullerene small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs). For instance, halogenation of the end groups in the acceptor–donor–acceptor‐type SMAs is an effective strategy to modulate the properties of the end group and thus the entire SMA. While previous position modulations have focused on only one substituent, this study shows the development of three isomeric SMAs (BTP‐ClBr, BTP‐ClBr1, and BTP‐ClBr2) via manipulating the position of two halogen substituents (chlorine and bromine) on the terminal unit. BTP‐ClBr exhibits a blueshifted absorption, a shallower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level, and a weaker crystallization tendency relative to BTP‐ClBr1 and BTP‐ClBr2. A power conversion efficiency (16.82%) and an excellent fill factor (FF) (0.79) are realized in the optimal PM6:BTP‐ClBr organic solar cell device. The higher FF is consistent with the results of the characterization including a longer charge recombination lifetime, a faster photocurrent decay, a weaker bimolecular recombination, and a more favorable domain size for PM6:BTP‐ClBr, which all originate from a subtle change in the substitution sites that strongly influences the physicochemical properties of the SMA.
Nutrient management strategy in rice–chickpea system for improving chemical and biological properties of lateritic soil
Authors: Kumar K. Ashok , Swain Dillip Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractField experiments were conducted during 2013–2015 under a long‐term organic and inorganic fertilization experiment established in 2009 at Kharagpur in India to assess the impact of rate and application timing of organic and inorganic nutrient sources on changes in fertility of lateritic soils. Vermicompost (VC), crop residue (CR), vermiwash (VW), and Azotobacter (AZ) were used as organic sources and chemical fertilizers (CF) as inorganic sources. The nine treatments were Control, CF at 100% N, P, and K (CF 100), VC at 100% N applied onetime as basal (VC‐b100), VC at 100% N applied in two splits (VC 100), VC 50+CF 50, CR, CF 50+CR, VC 50+CR, and VC 50+VW+AZ. After 2 yr of rice (Oryza sativa L.)–chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) system, significant increase in soil pH (from 5.43 to 5.72) and soil organic carbon (SOC) content (from 3.3 g kg‐1 to 3.8 g kg‐1) was noted with VC100, compared to CF100 (from 5.21 to 5.08 for pH and 3.1 to 2.9 g kg‐1 for SOC). Further, the total soil N content decreased from their initial values in all the nutrient treatments, except VC100, which registered an accumulation of 22 kg ha‐1 over its initial value (874 kg ha‐1). The VC‐based nutrient treatments had significantly higher soil available micro‐nutrients content (Fe, Zn, and Mn) compared to their initial levels. The VC‐based treatments significantly reduced accumulation of heavy metals (available Pb and Ni) content in soil compared to inorganic nutrient treatments. This nutrient management strategy could reduce environmental risk associated with synthetic chemical fertilizers.
Kinetic features of iron‐based electrochemically mediated ATRP revealed by Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Jin Jie , Guo Jun‐Kang , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA comprehensive kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) model of a reaction–diffusion system has been developed to illustrate the heterogeneous reaction of electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP). The equilibrium coefficient for the initiator obtained from the Genetic Algorithm was lower than that for polymeric species, explaining the low initiation efficiency of the iron‐based eATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) system. A comparative study demonstrated that the composite kt model, explicitly considering the chain length dependency, presented the most adequate description of the polymerization kinetic behaviors to account for diffusional limitations on termination. In addition, a positive effect of the applied potential on the apparent polymerization rate was observed, and an exponential regression equation correlating the reduction rate coefficient and the applied potential was obtained. Attractively, simulation results indicated the viscosity effect on the mass transfer using the model based on free volume theory enhanced the controllability and livingness of the system.
Intestinal bezoar aggravated by hypomotility of ischemic small intestine: A case report
Authors: Chiang Ting‐Hsuan , Yeh Hsing‐Jung , Chang Chun‐Chao , Fang Kuan‐Chieh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is limited literature on the subject of intestinal bezoars in the setting of small bowel ischemia. Furthermore, no evidence‐based pathogenesis has been offered in current case reports. This report describes a unique case of small bowel ischemia with simultaneous bezoar aggravation in the small intestine. An 82‐year‐old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia presented with intermittent severe postprandial abdominal pain over the last 2 days. An upper endoscopy 3 weeks prior revealed a gastric bezoar approximately 1.5 cm in diameter. However, during this visit, the gastric bezoar was not visible upon repeat upper endoscopy. A plain abdominal X‐ray was ordered and revealed patterns consistent with small bowel ileus. Upon further investigation, an abdominal computed tomography revealed mid‐ileum vessel delayed arterial enhancement and dilatation of the proximal ileum. This finding is consistent with intestinal ischemia‐induced congestion and bowel obstruction. Bowel perforation was also suspected. A subsequent laparoscopic surgery revealed a bezoar at the level of bowel ischemia. The bezoar was removed and the ischemic segment was resected. Coexistence of intestinal bezoar and small bowel ischemia is rare. Based on the patient's clinical evidence and published experimental evidence, we hypothesized that intestinal ischemia predisposes a patient to intestinal hypomotility, causing bezoar aggravation or formation in the small intestine. Early treatment of gastric bezoars and consideration of bowel ischemia risk due to atherosclerosis are crucial to minimizing bezoar complications.
Elucidation of Diverse Solid‐State Packing in a Family of Electron‐Deficient Expanded Helicenes via Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED)**
Authors: Samkian Adrian E. , Kiel Gavin R. , Jones Christopher G. , Bergman Harrison M. , Oktawiec Julia , Nelson Hosea M. , Tilley T. Don 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolid‐state packing plays a defining role in the properties of a molecular organic material, but it is difficult to elucidate in the absence of single crystals that are suitable for X‐ray diffraction. Herein, we demonstrate the coupling of divergent synthesis with microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) for rapid assessment of solid‐state packing motifs, using a class of chiral nanocarbons—expanded helicenes—as a proof of concept. Two highly selective oxidative dearomatizations of a readily accessible helicene provided a divergent route to four electron‐deficient analogues containing quinone or quinoxaline units. Crystallization efforts consistently yielded microcrystals that were unsuitable for single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, but ideal for MicroED. This technique facilitated the elucidation of solid‐state structures of all five compounds with <1.1 Å resolution. The otherwise‐inaccessible data revealed a range of notable packing behaviors, including four different space groups, homochirality in a crystal for a helicene with an extremely low enantiomerization barrier, and nanometer scale cavities.
Microtube Electrodes for Imaging the Electrochemiluminescence Layer and Deciphering the Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Guo Weiliang , Zhou Ping , Sun Lei , Ding Hao , Su Bin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful transduction technique in biosensing and diagnostics, while mechanistic studies are still scarce. Herein we report the combined use of microtube electrode (MTE) and microscopy to measure the thickness of ECL layer (TEL) to decipher reaction mechanisms. For the classical system involving tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium and tri‐n‐propylamine, the ECL pattern generated at the MTE tends to change from ring to spot upon increasing the luminophore concentration, with the TEL varying from ca. 3.1 μm to >4.5 μm. This variation is rationalized to arise from the contribution of the so‐called catalytic route. While using 2‐(dibutylamino)ethanol as the co‐reactant, the ECL pattern remains ring‐shaped and independent on the luminophore concentration. The TEL in this case is ca. 2.1 μm, implying that ECL generation is always surface‐confined. MTEs can thus act as optical rulers for measuring the TEL and providing insightful mechanistic information.
Enhanced impact resistance and electromagnetic interference shielding of carbon nanotubes films composites
Authors: Mei Hui , Lu Mingyang , Zhou Shixiang , Cheng Laifei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh reliability and high‐performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding polymeric composite was fabricated by introducing carbon nanotube films (CNTf) into an epoxy (EP) matrix as mechanical and EMI shielding reinforcement simultaneously. According to the computed tomography (CT) detection recorded by a high‐speed camera, CNTfexhibited excellent mechanical behavior and good energy absorption. While being introduced into laminated EP composite, the CNTfenhanced both the mechanical performance and EMI shielding performance. The damage mechanism of CNTf/EP was studied by CT detection of the impact process, indicating that the CNTfabsorbed the impact energy by improving the delamination resistance. Additionally, the multilayered CNTfcan trap and attenuate the entered electromagnetic microwaves by repeated adsorption, reflection, and scattering in the composite, resulting in excellent EMI shielding performance. Consequently, the energy absorption and the total shielding effectiveness of the CNTf/EP reached to 4.58 × 10−3J and 52.31 dB, respectively. Therefore, we demonstrated that the CNTfwas an ideal functional reinforcement for mechanically strong and high‐performance EMI shielding polymeric composites and the CNTfreinforced EP composite is promising in practical EMI‐shielding applications.
A virtual laboratory module exploring photosynthesis during COVID‐19
Authors: Sherrer Shanen M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVirtual laboratory activities are flexible approaches to engage undergraduate students in scientific practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic. By utilizing online simulations, students can conduct virtual experiments on important biochemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis. The learning module described here provides students with this experience and was implemented for first‐year students in a virtual summer bridge program. It introduces new biochemistry majors and nonmajors to the discipline, and it is based on an in‐person photosynthesis laboratory module taught for the summer bridge program before the emergence of COVID‐19. This virtual laboratory module can be readily adapted for use during the academic year in introductory biochemistry courses.