bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term effectiveness of physical activity interventions for adults across income contexts: a systematic review of strategies and outcome
Authors: Ominyi Jude , Clifton Andrew , Cushen-Brewster Noreen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Physical activity (PA) interventions play a critical role in addressing obesity and its associated health risks. Understanding their long-term effectiveness, particularly across diverse economic contexts, is essential for designing sustainable and scalable strategies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of PA interventions implemented in low, middle, and high income countries (LMICs and HICs), identify key components contributing to their success.

Methods
Studies were included if they assessed PA interventions with follow-up periods of at least 12 months. A total of 27 studies from diverse countries met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 33 distinct strategies. Data were extracted on intervention components, follow-up duration, PA outcomes, and obesity-related measures. The studies were categorised by economic context, with a focus on comparing effectiveness across income groups.

Results
PA interventions demonstrated significant long-term effectiveness across all economic settings. In HICs, multicomponent interventions, such as those involving physician-led counselling, tailored exercise regimens, and fitness testing, were highly effective, showing improvements in weekly energy expenditure and physical fitness of up to 15%. Studies from MICs, like Mexico, highlighted the effectiveness of culturally tailored approaches, such as integrated care for older adults, in enhancing PA adherence despite resource constraints. LMICs, particularly China, leveraged culturally embedded and community-driven practices, such as tai chi and baduanjin, achieving comparable outcomes to HIC interventions in terms of PA adherence and fitness improvements.
However, sustainability of intervention effects varied. Robust maintenance strategies, including booster sessions and ongoing support, contributed to stable long-term outcomes in studies from HICs. Conversely, LMIC interventions often lacked extended follow-up, limiting their ability to evaluate sustained effectiveness. The interventions were consistently associated with reductions in obesity-related risk factors, including BMI and metabolic health improvements.

Conclusion
This review highlights the effectiveness of culturally sensitive and resource-adapted PA interventions in sustaining long-term behaviour change and reducing obesity-related risks across economic contexts. Future research should prioritise consistent monitoring, extended follow-up, and the inclusion of underrepresented LMIC regions to enhance the global applicability and scalability of PA interventions. Addressing these gaps is crucial for combating obesity and promoting public health worldwide.
Challenges and strategies in Nigerian agribusiness entrepreneurship for sustainable development
Authors: Ikuemonisan Edamisan Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the challenges and opportunities in Nigeria’s agribusiness sector using qualitative methods, including 28 in-depth interviews, 4 focus group discussions, and 36 key informant interviews across four states. A SWOT analysis highlights strengths like abundant land, a young population, and government support, alongside weaknesses such as low technology use, poor infrastructure, and educational gaps. Opportunities include commercial farming, agrotourism, and foreign investment, while threats involve insecurity, climate change, and skill deficiencies. The study emphasizes public–private collaboration and proposes strategies like improving policy environments, enhancing food safety, boosting human capacity, and increasing financial access to drive productivity and sustainability in the sector. These strategies collectively contribute to SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production by promoting sustainable practices in agriculture, which are vital for long-term environmental and economic sustainability.
Investigation of the tilted transverse isotropy of P-wave velocity in dunes in eastern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Makki Khalid Yassin , Edigbue Paul , Al-Shuhail Abdullatif , Hanafy Sherif 
Published: December 2024

Seismic exploration in desert environments with extensive dunes presents significant challenges due to the complex topography and internal laminations within the dunes. This study addresses the challenges facing seismic data acquisition in dune environments by modeling a dune as a tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) medium. We test our dune model using a circular receiver array with a source at its center over a flat-topped dune with observable dipping laminations to study how the P-wave velocity changes with azimuth. Because velocity increases sharply with depth in dunes, we use the traveltimes of the diving direct arrival at each receiver to estimate the azimuthal variations in instantaneous P-wave velocity at the maximum depth of the diving ray. The results revealed weak TTI anisotropy in the dune, with Thomsen parameters of [Formula: see text] = 0.098 and [Formula: see text] = 0.087. These findings have important implications for subsurface exploration involving azimuthal studies in arid regions with extensive dune coverage, such as the Rub’ Al-Khali desert in Saudi Arabia. Accurately estimating Thomsen parameters in these environments helps improve seismic interpretation, which supports more effective resource exploration and geophysical assessments in difficult desert terrains.
The SLaM Brain Health Clinic: remote biomarker enhanced memory clinic for people with mild cognitive impairment within a National Health Service mental health trust
Authors: Venkataraman Ashwin V. , Kandangwa Pooja , Lemmen Roos , Savla Rutvi , Beigi Mazda , Hammond Devon , Harwood Daniel , Sauer Justin , Velayudhan Latha , Ballard Clive , Brem Anna-Katharine , Kalafatis Chris , Aarsland Dag 
Published: December 2024

Background
The novel South London and Maudsley Brain Health Clinic (SLaM BHC) leverages advances in remote consultations and biomarkers to provide a timely, cost-efficient and accurate diagnosis in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Aims
To describe the organisation, patient cohort and acceptability of the remote diagnostic and interventional procedures.

Method
We describe the recruitment, consultation set-up, the clinical and biomarker programme, and the two online group interventions for cognitive wellbeing and lifestyle change. We evaluate the acceptability of the remote consultations, lumbar puncture, saliva genotyping, and remote cognitive and functional assessments.

Results
We present the results of the first 68 (mean age 73, 55% female, 43% minoritised ethnicity) of 146 people who enrolled for full remote clinical, cognitive, genetic, cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging phenotyping. A total of 86% were very satisfied/satisfied with the remote service. In all, 67% consented to lumbar puncture, and 95% of those were very satisfied, all having no significant complications. A total of 93% found taking saliva genotyping very easy/easy, and 93% found the cognitive assessments instructions clear. In all, 98% were satisfied with the Cognitive Wellbeing Group, and 90% of goals were achieved in the Lifestyle Intervention Group.

Conclusions
The SLaM BHC provides a highly acceptable and safe clinical model for remote assessments and lumbar punctures in a representative, ethnically diverse population. This allows early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, differentiation from other MCI causes and targets modifiable risk factors. This is crucial for future disease modification, ensuring equitable access to research, and provides precise, timely and cost-efficient diagnoses in UK mental health services.
Approach to the Patient: From Endocrinopathy to the Diagnosis of a Histiocytic Disorder
Authors: Makras Polyzois , Erickson Dana , Davidge-Pitts Caroline J , Diamond Eli L , Allen Carl E , McClain Kenneth L , Abeykoon Jithma P , Go Ronald S , Siwakoti Krishmita , Sotoudeh Houman , Ravindran Aishwarya , Gruber Lucinda M , Goyal Gaurav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Endocrinopathies are frequently the initial presentation of histiocytic neoplasms, which are rare hematologic disorders affecting multiple organ systems. Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Erdheim–Chester disease are 2 such disorders known to infiltrate the hypothalamus and/or pituitary gland, leading to arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) and anterior pituitary dysfunction (APD) in 20% to 30% of cases, often as the first manifestation. Conversely, histiocytic disorders account for a notable proportion (10-15%) of all pituitary stalk lesions. The diagnosis of histiocytoses is often delayed in such cases due to the nonspecific presentation of endocrinopathies and pituitary involvement. Consequently, endocrinologists are at the frontline and uniquely positioned to achieve early diagnosis by recognizing the varied nonendocrine features of these disorders. This article provides an overview of the endocrine manifestations of histiocytic disorders and presents a simplified algorithm to guide the diagnostic workup in cases presenting with “idiopathic” AVP-D or APD. Such cases should be evaluated for histiocytic neoplasms with additional imaging studies and biopsies of suspected disease sites. If no disease site beyond the pituitary is identified, the risks and benefits of a pituitary stalk lesion biopsy must be carefully considered. While treatments of histiocytic neoplasms are highly efficacious, endocrinopathies are considered permanent and require long-term hormone replacement. It remains unclear whether early diagnosis and novel targeted therapies can reverse these endocrine disorders. Therefore, the role of the endocrinologist role is critical in the diagnosis and management of these rare diseases.
Western Expansionism via Subject-Dispersing Technologies
Authors: Walker Alroy James Manahi , Schott Gareth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lived relationships with the past together with active practices of memorialization and remembering pervade the values of Te Ao Māori (Māori World). As Te Awekotuku teaches us with the example of traditional tattoo practices for the kiri tuhi (body) and tā moko (face), for Māori “wearing ink” is about memory, as it “claims dominion and understanding across generations, across time, across space. Across lives.” As visual representations of life, life journey, kinship, and death, moko has been described as a “technology of memory” and taonga tuku iho (a gift from the ancestors). From a technological standpoint, Indigenous scholars reinforce the distinctive and innovative “use of technologies and engineering principles that transcended contemporaneous European technology” that was a strong feature of pre-encounter Māori culture. Māori innovations in science, technology, and forms of expression possess mātauranga (knowledge), ahua (appearance), and tukanga (process) that are applied to understanding processes of life and death. This article considers how the subsequent “appropriation of non-Indigenous technologies” such as social media agitates the interface between the worlds of Te Ao Māori and Te Ao Whānui (the global context). It does this by considering how digitally located post-selves pose a threat to tikanga (customs and beliefs) and, as some argue, “rangatiratanga [self-determination] of the physical body and thoughts after death.”
Salinity does not affect late-stage in-egg embryonic or immediate post-hatch development in an ecologically important land crab species
Authors: Turner Lucy M. , Clayton Katharine A. , Wiberg Linn , Wilson Charlotte H. , Ibbini Ziad , Tills Oliver , Spicer John I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Environmental drivers such as salinity can impact the timing and duration of developmental events in aquatic early life stages of crustaceans, including terrestrial crabs of the family Gecarcinidae. Low salinity delays larval development in land crabs, but nothing is known about its influence on the crucial late-stage encapsulated embryonic or immediate post-hatch development. Therefore, we exposed fertilised late-stage embryos of the Christmas Island red crab (Gecarcoidea natalis) to differing salinities (100%, 75%, 50% or 25% sea water) for 24 h during their spawning period and measured some key developmental and physiological traits. We found no effect of salinity on time of first heartbeat, time of hatching, first in-egg embryonic and post-hatch heart rate, or post-hatch activity duration. These results highlight the importance of considering all early life stages when fully characterising the effects of environmental drivers on crustacean development, including under climate change.
Up for Debate: Does Regular Physical Activity Really Improve Mental Health?
Authors: Bustamante Eduardo E. , Brellenthin Angelique G. , Brown David R. , O’Connor Patrick J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Physical activity is frequently touted as beneficial for mental health. This paper, based on a 2023 ACSM colloquium, highlights key strengths and limitations of the evidence regarding physical activity and mental health from three perspectives: epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trial experiments, and investigations that explicitly consider the potential role that contextual factors, such as the social climate in which physical activity is completed, can play in physical activity-mental health interactions. A large body of epidemiological evidence supports that regular leisure time physical activity is associated with less depression and anxiety. Higher amounts of physical activity are often associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but there may be a dose-response point where for some people more is not better but can plateau or even worsen. Epidemiological evidence is emerging but currently inadequate to support associations between mental health and occupational, transportation/active commuting or domestic/household physical activity types. A large body of randomized controlled trials, typically small, short duration and conducted with samples biased toward middle-to-higher socioeconomic status Whites, supports that the adoption of regular exercise improves aspects of mental health; however, the mechanisms are unclear and for those without mental disorders the mean effects are small. Mental health benefits of exercise may be partially a placebo response or result from contextual factors surrounding exercise. A small body of evidence supports that contextual elements, such as the program implementation quality and social environment, can influence the mental health outcomes associated with physical activity programs, but the evidence is currently inadequate to identify which contextual variables have consistent moderate or larger effects. Greater progress will be made in this area when research designs are expanded to include consideration of the potential influence of contextual factors on relationships between physical activity and mental health.
The Psychological Effects of Social Media Use: Insights from Combined Research on Adolescents’ Mental Health
Authors: Bednarek Szymon , Górski Mateusz , Załęska Adrianna , Bychowski Mateusz , Kwaśna Julia , Kaźmierczyk Izabela , Lenart Kacper , Homza Michał , Zakrzewska Natalia , Kulicka Joanna 
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the intricate connection between social media usage and mental health outcomes in adolescents. It aims to amalgamate results from various research studies to unveil trends and establish causal relationships concerning social media engagement, sleep quality, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.

A meta-analytic approach was utilized, consolidating information from 21 articles across diverse fields of psychology, public health, and adolescent behavior research. These studies investigated quantitative and qualitative facets of social media influence, emphasizing factors like general usage trends, nighttime-specific usage, and emotional engagement with social platforms. Standardized assessments of mental well-being, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), were scrutinized to maintain uniformity in the analysis.

The primary outcomes suggest that extensive engagement with social media, especially at night, is closely tied to diminished sleep quality, heightened anxiety and depression, and reduced self-esteem. Emotional engagement on social platforms plays a crucial role in predicting adverse mental health effects, influenced by levels of anxiety and depression. Notably, using social media at night is consistently associated with disturbed sleep cycles, intensifying psychological anguish.

This research emphasizes the crucial necessity for implementing specific interventions to regulate teenagers' social media engagement, especially at night. The results emphasize the significance of emotional involvement and habitual usage trends as pivotal subjects for future investigation and actionable measures to improve the well-being of adolescents. These observations are vital for guiding policy decisions, educational campaigns, and clinical approaches aimed at enhancing mental health outcomes in the era of digital technologies.
What about the donor site morbidity – how invasive is the free latissimus dorsi flap?
Authors: Wachtel Nikolaus , Giunta Riccardo E. , Hellweg Marc , Hirschmann Maximilian , Kuhlmann Constanze , Moellhoff Nicholas , Ehrl Denis 
Published: December 2024

AimsThe free latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) flap represents a workhorse procedure in the field of trauma and plastic surgery. However, only a small number of studies have examined this large group of patients with regard to the morbidity of flap harvest. The aim of this prospective study was therefore to objectively investigate the morbidity of a free LDM flap.MethodsA control group (n = 100) without surgery was recruited to assess the differences in strength and range of motion (ROM) in the shoulder joint with regard to handedness of patients. Additionally, in 40 patients with free LDM flap surgery, these parameters were assessed in an identical manner.ResultsWe measured higher values for all parameters assessing force in the shoulder joint on the dominant side of patients in the control group. Moreover, LDM flap harvest caused a significant reduction in strength in the glenohumeral joint in all functions of the LDM that were assessed, ranging from 9.0% to 13.8%. Equally, we found a significantly reduced ROM in the shoulder at the side of the flap harvest. For both parameters, this effect was diminished, when the flap harvest took place on the dominant side of the patient.ConclusionLDM flap surgery leads to a significant impairment of the strength and ROM in the shoulder joint. Moreover, the donor morbidity must be differentiated with regard to handedness: harvest on the non-dominant side potentiates the already existing difference in strength and ROM. Conversely, if the harvest takes place on the dominant side of the patient, this difference is diminished.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(12):1114–1119.
Effects of cardiac contractility modulation on autophagy and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in rabbits with chronic heart failure
Authors: Hao Qingqing , Lv Shilin , Zhang Jing , Liu Huiliang 
Published: December 2024

Background
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is non-excitatory electrical stimulation for improving cardiac function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CCM on autophagy and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure (CHF) and explore its possible mechanism.

Methods
Thirty rabbits were randomised into the Sham, heart failure (HF) and CCM groups, and animals in all three groups were sacrificed after 16 weeks of ascending aortic constriction or sham surgery. The expression of autophagy associated protein LC3 was observed by immunofluorescence staining. With Western-blot measured the expression of Beclin1, P62, LC3B (II/I) and Bcl-2, ALDH2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein in myocardial tissue. The apoptosis rate and the apoptosis of myocardial cells was observed by flow cytometry and TUNEL method.

Results
1) In comparison to the Sham group, the expression of LC3 and Beclin1 was significantly increased, and the expression of p62 protein was decreased in the heart tissues of rabbits in the HF group. Compared with HF group, after CCM intervention, the expression of Beclin1 and LC3B proteins decreased, while the P62 protein increased, and the LC3B(II/I) ratio decreased (P<0.05). 2) The expression of Bcl-2, ALDH2 protein and Bcl-2 mRNA decreased compared with the Sham group (P<0.05), while the expression of Bax, Caspase-3 protein and mRNA was significantly increased (P<0.05). However, the expression of ALDH2 mRNA in the CCM group was not statistically significant. The expression of Bcl-2, ALDH2 protein and mRNA increased after CCM intervention, and the expression of Bax, Caspase-3 protein and mRNA decreased (P<0.05). 3) The apoptosis situation in the Sham group was similar to that of normal myocardium, compared with the Sham group, the number of apoptotic bodies increased, and the apoptosis percentage of cardiomyocytes increased significantly (P<0.05). After CCM intervention, the number of apoptotic bodies and the percentage of apoptosis decreased compared with the HF group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The intervention of CCM has been shown to enhance both myocardial systolic and diastolic function in rabbits with CHF. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of cardiomyocyte autophagy by regulating the expression levels of Beclin1, P62, and LC3B(II/I) in cardiomyocytes, as well as the reversal of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by regulating the expression levels of Bcl-2, ALDH2, Bax, and Caspase-3 in cardiomyocytes.
Rock Steady Boxing: A qualitative evaluation of a community exercise program for people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Regan Elizabeth W. , Burnitz Olivia , Hightower Jessica , Dobner Lauren , Flach Alicia 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Regular exercise can reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, a common neurodegenerative disorder. The Rock Steady Boxing organization created an exercise program for people with Parkinson’s Disease (pwPD) modelled after traditional boxing. The purpose of this study was to better understand the physical function, exercise beliefs, contextual factors, class experiences and outcome perceptions of pwPD participating in Rock Steady Boxing.

Materials and methods
A pragmatic qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews and class observations was supplemented by cross-sectional physical function measures.

Results
Ten study participants were community dwelling adults with Parkinson’s Disease, participating in Rock Steady Boxing two to three times a week for an average of 10.6 (6.2) months. Most participants (7/10) had good mobility with Timed Up and Go scores below the 14.8 second average for community dwelling pwPD (7/10) and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 Mobility Scores < 50% (8/10). Participants (9/10) had good exercise self-efficacy, with average scores on the Short Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale > 3/5. Thematic analysis revealed a history of exercise and strong exercise beliefs positively influenced participation. Rock Steady Boxing provided valued social interactions and offered individualized attention through personalized modifications.

Conclusions
Instructor enthusiasm, program modifiability and social support drive participation and provide a challenge for differing abilities. RSB is a valued community offering for pwPD.