bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and determinants of modern contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age: Analysis of Kenya Demographic Health Surveys, 2003–2014
Authors: Ontiri Susan , Were Vincent , Kabue Mark , Biesma-Blanco Regien , Stekelenburg Jelle 
Published: November 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to examine patterns and determinants of modern contraceptive discontinuation among women in Kenya.

Methods
Secondary analysis was conducted using national representative Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003, 2008/9, and 2014. These household cross-sectional surveys targeted women of reproductive age from 15 to 49 years who had experienced an episode of modern contraceptive use within five years preceding the surveys from 2003 (n = 2686), 2008/9 (n = 2992), and 2014 (5919). The contraceptive discontinuation rate was defined as the number of episodes discontinued divided by the total number of episodes. Weighted descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression analysis, and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to examine the determinants of contraceptive discontinuation.

Results
The 12-month contraceptive discontinuation rate for all methods declined from 37.5% in 2003 and 36.7% in 2008/9 to 30.5% in 2014. Consistently across the three surveys, intrauterine devices had the lowest 12-month discontinuation rate (6.4% in 2014) followed by implants (8.0%, in 2014). In 2014, higher rates were seen for pills (44.9%) and male condoms (42.9%). The determinants of contraceptive discontinuation among women of reproductive age in the 2003 survey included users of short-term contraception methods, specifically for those who used male condoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.13–5.11) and pills (HR = 2.68; 95CI = 1.79–4.00); and younger women aged 15–19 year (HR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.49–2.87) and 20–24 years (HR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.61–2.35). The trends in the most common reasons for discontinuation from 2003 to 2014 revealed an increase among those reporting side effects (p = 0.0002) and those wanting a more effective method (p<0.0001). A decrease was noted among those indicating method failure (p<0.0001) and husband disapproval (p<0.0001).

Conclusions
Family planning programs should focus on improving service quality to strengthen the continuation of contraceptive use among those in need. Women should be informed about potential side effects and reassured on health concerns, including being provided options for method switching. The health system should avail a wider range of contraceptive methods and ensure a constant supply of commodities for women to choose from. Short-term contraceptive method users and younger women may need greater support for continued use.
Features of Day-Long Statistic Campaigns in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century (Based on the Materials of Western Siberia and the Steppe Territory)
Authors: Skopa V.A. 
Published: November 2020

Based on archival material and published documents, the article identifies the features of day-long censuses in the territorial borders of Western Siberia and (the Steppe territory in the late 19th — early 20th centuries).
Taking into account regional specifics, a comprehensive analysis was made for individual census campaigns in such cities as Tomsk, Omsk, and Semipalatinsk. Their features have been considered in the development of the statistic forms, the organization of the counters, working mechanisms.
The first complete processing of the received material was the day-long census of Omsk, conducted in 1877. A systematic, methodologically developed statistic campaign, taking into account the achievements of the theory and practice of statistical science, was the daylong census of Tomsk in 1880. In administrative terms, the provincial statistic Committee played a significant role in this event. Based on the sources, it was revealed that the day-long campaign of Semipalatinsk in 1882 received broad public involvement in the implementation of statistical works under the control of the regional statistic Committee. It is shown in a comprehensive manner that the designated measures had disadvantages, which were manifested in the organizational and technical part. There was little explanation of the census tasks among the population, and the census staff was not always ready for the upcoming work, many forms in the census forms were not understood by the enumerators, they did not know what to do.
Study of Diffusion Boride Bayers of Steel 20, Obtained by the Micro-Arc Surface
Authors: Shevchuk E.P. , Plotnikov V.A. , Bektasova G.S. 
Published: November 2020

We discuss the results of the study of carbon steel 20 boriding performed by the micro-arc chemical-thermal treatment of a mixture containing iron and boric acid. The study has been carried out in scientific laboratories of the EKSU named after S. Amanzholov. It is found out that boride diffusion coatings obtained by this method are characterized by high hardness of 3.5 GPa and have an extensive diffusion zone. The wide diffusion zone is a surface layer of steel in which the compounds of boron and iron are distributed so that a transition region is formed between the hardened region and the matrix. The material of the diffusion zone is a composite consisting of a plastic а-phase of iron and high strength iron borides. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the formation of Fe3B compounds. It is found that the most optimal composition of the mixture contains iron and boric acid in a ratio of 1:3 (Fe-25% + H3BO3-75 %).
The use of the micro-arc surfacing method makes it possible to intensify the process of diffusion boriding in comparison with traditional methods. Also, it ensures that a hardened composite layer with a heterogeneous structure formed by the diffusion-crystallization mechanism is developed on a surface of steel products.
Idempotent Analog of the Legendre Transformation and lts Application in Digital Processing of Signals
Authors: Kurkina M.V. , Semenov S.P. , Slavsky V.V. , Samarina O.V. , Petuhova O.A. , Petrov A.A. , Finogenov A.A. , Samarin V.A. 
Published: November 2020

In recent years, a new area of mathematics — idempotent or “tropical” mathematics — has been intensively developed within the framework of the Sofus Lee international center, which is reflected in the works of V.P. Maslov, G.L. Litvinov, and A.N. Sobolevsky.
The Legendre transformation plays an important role in theoretical physics, classical and statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics. In mathematics and its applications, the Legendre transformation is based on the concept of duality of vector spaces and duality theory for convex functions and subsets of a vector space.
The purpose of this paper is to go beyond linear vector spaces using similar notions of duality in conformally flat Riemannian geometry and in idempotent algebra.An abstract idempotent analog of the Legendre transformation is constructed in a way similar to the polar transformation of the conformally flat Riemannian metric introduced in the works of E.D. Rodionov and V.V. Slavsky. Its capabilities for digital processing of signals and images are being investigated
Teoría de juegos aplicada a la competencia innovativa de la industria 4.0
Authors: Sibrián Sánchez Kevin Alexis 
Published: November 2020

La teoría de juegos, desde su origen hasta la actualidad, es una herramienta utilizada para determinar las múltiples decisiones estratégicas que realizan los jugadores, tomando en consideración que el resto de los jugadores son racionales y las reglas del juego se encuentran predefinidas, para alcanzar el máximo beneficio o utilidad hasta que todos los jugadores que se encuentran compitiendo o cooperando no quieran moverse de esa situación, es decir, hasta que logren el equilibrio de Nash.
Por tal motivo, destacando la importancia de la competencia innovativa en el actual desarrollo del contexto capitalista a nivel internacional mediante el auge de la industria 4.0, se justifica la decisión de competir agresivamente mediante el desarrollo de la ciencia y la tecnología para impulsar la aplicación de nuevas innovaciones centradas en la autonomatización de los procesos productivos y surge la necesidad de garantizar las condiciones para que estas puedan ser aplicadas efectivamente.
A generic air quality management plan for Municipalities
Authors: ENGELBRECHT J.C , WALT VD 
Published: November 2020

Air quality management in South Africa has undergone drastic changes since the implementation of the National Environmental: Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004). The new Act shifts the emphasis fiom point-source control to proactively protecting the receiving environment. In keeping with the new approach, it is a legal requirement that Municipalities must compile and implement air quality management plans (AQMPs) as part of their Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). Although an explicit requirement of the Act, no clear guidelines exist for regulating bodies, includmg Municipalities, regarding the contents of such plans. The main findings of the study revealed a lack of air quality management infrastructure and a shortage of experienced, qualified staff to develop,implement and maintain air quality management plans. Financial constraints were also identified as a big concern to manage air quality. Although it is an explicit requirement by the Act, very few municipalities have approved AQMPs, nor appointed air quality officers. A generic air quality management plan framework (AQMPF) for all tiers of govenunent was developed to assist regulating authorities when compiling air quality managementplans. Although generic, this AQMPF was found to be applicable to Municipalities as well. Due to the fact that a lack of training has been identified as a critical gap in the successful implementation and maintenance of an AQMP, this study makes a significant contribution to the identification of generic training outcomes
The prevalence of asthma among children in South Africa is increasing - is the need for medication increasing as well? A case study in the Vaal Triangle
Authors: Oosthuizen M.A. , Mundackal A.J. , Wright C.Y. 
Published: November 2020

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, is a global public health concern. In southern Africa the prevalence of asthma has increased over the last few decades. In the current study, all 10-year-old learners from three of the schools (one each in Sasolburg, Vanderbijlpark and Vereeniging) that participated in the 1990 Vaal Triangle Air Pollution and Health Study, were selected as the study population for a cross-sectional study conducted in 2010. Both the 1990 and 2010 studies investigated several exposure factors but focussed on respiratory illnesses as main health outcomes. Although the overall ethnicity profile in 2010 was different from that of 1990, the socioeconomic status of the study populations were very similar – the reason being that the same schools were used and the participating children were from the same immediate environment. The results of the 2010 study were then compared to the results of all 10-year-olds, from the same three schools, who participated in the 1990 study. The results showed the difference in prevalence of asthma during the two study years was statistically significant. The difference in the percentage of children who had ever been diagnosed with asthma and were reportedly on medication in 1990 and 2010 was, however, not statistically significant, indicating that although the prevalence of asthma increased, the demand for medication to control the condition may not have increased as well.
Effectiveness of mediation in the resolution of environmental complaints against the activities of gold mining industries in the Witwatersrand region
Authors: Oguntoke O. , Annegarn H.J. 
Published: November 2020

In the Witwatersrand gold mining area, there have been recurring public complaints about dust dispersed from gold tailings storage facilities (TSFs) that traverse the landscape. Although weather aggravates the frequency and intensity of dust emission from TSFs in the study area, the rapid conversion of buffer areas around the dumps to residential land–use is exposing more people to dust hazards. This study assessed the effectiveness of Crown Mines Dust Monitoring forum in Johannesburg as an alternative environmental dispute resolution mechanism. Records of complaints from 1995 to 2010 that were made available through the forum were collated and analysed with the aid of descriptive statistics. Within the study period, complaints about mine pollution were more frequent between August and October, i.e. the dry months. More than 70% of the complaints were made by companies whose properties, operations and employees were affected by dust emission from the TSFs. While 52% of the complainants reported pollution problems for the first time within the study period, other cases were follow-up to previous complaints. Mining companies responded to 31% of the public’s grievances about dust pollution from their facilities within one week and another 12% in two weeks; response to the remaining complaints took much longer time. As part of mines’ response to public complaints, site visits were organised to indicted facilities, and pollution control measures and mitigation plan adopted at sites were also explained. Moreover, additional control measures were installed in critical circumstances to ameliorate dust pollution. Only a few of the complaints reported to the forum escalated to litigation or issuance of penalty by government agency. Although, the forum provided an avenue for resolution of environmental conflicts in a pragmatic and mutually beneficial manner, the right of the public to a clean environment is still not being realised fully.
TOURIST EXPERIENCE DARI SMART TOURISM DESTINATION, STUDI KASUS DI KOTA BANDUNG, JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA
Authors: Sari Linda Puspita , Noor Any , Rahayu Acep Unang 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami smart tourism destination dalam mempengaruhi tourist experience di Kota Bandung. Metode kuantitatif dilakukan pada penelitian ini. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner kepada para wisatawan yang datang ke Kota Bandung menggunakan smartphone juga melakukan wawancara dengan Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata (Disbudpar) Kota Bandung untuk menambah data mengenai penelitian ini. Analisis data metode linear berganda dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS berdasarkan data dengan skala ordinal dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa smart tourism destination berpengaruh pada tourist experience di Bandung. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan pengembangan konsep “smart tourism destination” yang dapat meningkatkan tourist experience di Kota Bandung. Kata Kunci: Bandung, Smart Tourism Destination, Tourist Experience ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to know the influence of smart tourism destination (X) on the tourist experience (Y) in Bandung city. The research method is quantitative. The data collection is carried out by distributing the questionnaires to the tourists who visit Bandung using the smartphone and also held the interview with Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata (Disbudpar) of Bandung City to add the data for this research. Multiple linear methods with SPSS used to analyze the data as well as ordinal scale and descriptive analysis. The results showed that smart tourism destination is influencing tourist experience in Bandung. The result hopefully could be the reference on the development of the concept “smart tourism destination” that can improve tourist experience in Bandung. Keywords: Bandung, Smart Tourism Destination, Tourist Experience
THE EFFECTS OF PANDEMIC ERA TO TOURISM INDUSTRY IN TANGERANG
Authors: Candra Listania Felia Kartika , Rekha Agnira 
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic affected its economic impact and disrupted all the economies in the world, including in Indonesia, causing many people to lose their jobs, close some of their businesses and the possibility of an economic crisis. When the number of cases of infection and death has increased sharply and recovery from a pandemic remains uncertain even in developed countries, evidence of shocks throughout the economy including China, Europe and the US has emerged. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall understanding of the possibility of a pandemic macroeconomic shock, which includes economic activity in several affected areas, knowing how much the hospitality industry is affected by the same experiencing losses due to not having visitors as usual days. The COVID-19 pandemic also caused several sectors of Digital Travel Marketing companies to experience a drastic decline because almost all public transportation access was restricted and given a 100% refund. This paper discusses the monetary effects of COVID-19 emergencies across companies, and countries. It speaks of a monetary crisis through financial movements which are strongly affected by the ongoing pandemic. The monetary potential of COVID-19 throughout the world is still in high percentage, some workers are still in the period of vacation and some have been fired from the company.Keywords: Pandemic Effects, Tourism Industry, Tangerang
Enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Cortés Manuel E. 
Published: November 2020

Con atención leí el interesante artículo de Bonilla-Aldana et al. (1), publicado en la revista Iatreia. Este plantea la importancia de que los profesionales de la salud estén atentos a la nueva zoonosis COVID-19, causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, que se ha traducido en una pandemia que amenaza la salud global. Esta Carta al Editor refuerza lo expuesto en dicho trabajo respecto a la relevancia del enfoque Una Sola Salud (One Health); además, aconseja estar alerta ante las zoonosis. El enfoque Una Sola Salud surgió años atrás como una aproximación holística al concepto de salud, relacionando de forma colaborativa ámbitos que originalmente se veían bastante separados, a saber: la salud humana, animal y ambiental (2). Este enfoque, desde su perspectiva integradora, es muy útil en la comprensión de la transmisión, así como en la prevención de agentes zoonóticos emergentes o reemergentes (2), como lo es el SARS-CoV-2 (Figura 1). Además, brinda un marco de acción más actualizado para implementar mejor las permanentes medidas de prevención y de respuesta oportuna que requieren las epidemias que pueden convertirse en pandemias (3). Es relevante que este enfoque sea conocido por médicos y otros profesionales de la salud humana: veterinarios, biólogos, ingenieros zootecnistas, ingenieros en alimentos, profesionales en medioambiente, educadores en salud, entre otros. Las universidades debieran integrar en sus innovaciones curriculares el enfoque Una Sola Salud en los contenidos que integran el perfil del egresado de las mencionadas profesiones. Finalmente, el hecho de haber ignorado las investigaciones previas (4,5) sobre coronavirus, estudios que alertaron sobre el potencial epidémico de estos patógenos que habitan en especies vendidas y consumidas en algunos lugares del mundo, representa una lección sobre este tema y motiva a tener en cuenta lo advertido por los investigadores científicos en el área.
Estudio descriptivo de la población de pacientes que acuden por trastorno por consumo de alcohol a un Centro de Tratamiento de Adicciones Ambulatorio
Authors:   Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions (INAD). Parc De Salut Mar, Barelona, Barcelona, Robles Martínez María , Díaz-Alcoba Felipe ,   Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions (INAD). Parc De Salut Mar, Barelona, Barcelona, Aguelo Rueda Sandra ,   Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions (INAD). Parc De Salut Mar, Barelona, Barcelona, Palma Álvare Raúl Felipe ,   Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Fonseca Francina ,   Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions (INAD). Parc De Salut Mar, Barelona, Barcelona, Torrens Marta ,   Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions (INAD). Parc De Salut Mar, Barelona, Barcelona
Published: November 2020

Introducción: El alcohol es la sustancia más consumida en España y la que motiva más consultas en centros de adicciones. En 2017, el 91,2% de la población consumió alcohol alguna vez en la vida y el 62.7% en el último mes. El 7,4% de la población consume alcohol diariamente(1). Para mejorar la asistencia de estos pacientes es prioritario un estudio sociodemográfico de la muestra poblacional. Objetivo: Describir la población de pacientes con TUS alcohol que acuden a un centro de adicciones en Barcelona. Metodología: Análisis descriptivo de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de tratamiento de pacientes que consultan por uso de alcohol en un centro de adicciones ambulatorio en Barcelona. Resultados: 224pacientes participaron en el estudio (176hombres; 51.6 años). En los últimos 6 meses ha habido10 abandonos de tratamiento, 3altas médicas y 22nuevas incorporaciones. El 44.2% han tenido buena evolución frente al 55,8% si se tienen como referencia los controles de orina. Las sustancias consumidas con el alcohol: nicotina 34,82%, cocaína 18,75%, cannabis14,29%, hipnosedantes 3,12% y opiáceos 0,89%. El 58,93% padecían patología dual: trastornos del estado de ánimo 25,45%, trastornos de ansiedad 6,25%, trastornos adaptativos 16,52%, trastornos de la esfera psicótica 6,25%, TBP 3,57%, TDAH 2,67%, TCA 2,67%, ludopatía 1,34%, deterioro cognitivo y/o discapacidad intelectual 1,78% y trastornos de la personalidad 6,25%. Conclusiones: El policonsumo de sustancias es lo más frecuente. Más de la mitad de los pacientes que acuden a tratamiento por TUS OH padecen además otro trastorno psiquiátrico comórbido, siendo los más prevalentes los trastornos del estado de ánimo, los trastornos adaptativos y los trastornos de ansiedad. Cabe destacar la baja prevalencia comórbida de ludopatía, lo que puede atribuirse a un infradiagnóstico de los profesionales. Bibliografía: 1.	Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social. (2019). Observatorio Español de las Drogas y las Adicciones. Informe EDADES 2019. Recuperado de: http://www.pnsd.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/sistemasInformacion/sistemaInformacion/pdf/2019_Informe_EDADES.pdf