bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐Induced Carbonization of Natural Organic Precursors for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Delacroix Simon , Wang Huize , Heil Tobias , Strauss Volker 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA precursor ink for carbon laser‐patterning is developed using inexpensive, naturally abundant molecular compounds, namely citric acid and urea, and used to fine‐print conductive carbon circuits on a flexible substrate. The precursor in the ink consists of organic nanoparticles obtained from the thermal treatment of citric acid and urea. This precursor is thoroughly characterized chemically and structurally. A simple recipe for the ink is then described for the creation of highly reproducible laser‐patterned carbon structures on different substrates. Homogeneous ∼20 µm thick films are cast on different substrates and characterized before and after laser‐carbonization. The carbon content of the final films is 97% and is of turbostratic graphitic nature. As reproducible laser‐induced reactions depend on precise laser conditions, the influence of material properties, film thickness, and laser fluence are thoroughly analyzed. Films on three different substrates, namely aluminum sheets, silicon wafers, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are characterized by electrical impedance measurements. Electrical conductivities of up to 5.21 S cm−1 and maximum current densities of 44 A cm−2 are achieved, which proved applicable as fine carbon circuits on PET as a flexible substrate. This study opens a simple synthetic avenue to producing conductive circuit elements based on carbon.
The Concept of Negative Capacitance in Ionically Conductive Van der Waals Ferroelectrics
Authors: Neumayer Sabine M. , Tao Lei , O'Hara Andrew , Susner Michael A. , McGuire Michael A. , Maksymovych Petro , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Balke Nina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNegative capacitance (NC) provides a path to overcome the Boltzmann limit that dictates operating voltages in transistors and, therefore, may open up a path to the challenging proposition of lowering energy consumption and waste heat in nanoelectronic integrated circuits. Typically, NC effects in ferroelectric materials are based on either stabilizing a zero‐polarization state or slowing down ferroelectric switching in order to access NC regimes of the free‐energy distribution. Here, a fundamentally different mechanism for NC, based on CuInP2S6, a van der Waals layered ferrielectric, is demonstrated. Using density functional theory and piezoresponse force microscopy, it is shown that an unusual combination of high Cu‐ion mobility and its crucial role in determining polarization magnitude and orientation (P) leads to a negative slope of the polarization versus the electric field E, dP/dE < 0, which is a requirement for NC. This mechanism for NC is likely to occur in a wide class of materials, offering new possibilities for NC‐based devices. The nanoscale demonstration of this mechanism can be extended to the device‐level by increasing the regions of homogeneous polarization and polarization switching, for example, through strain engineering and carefully selected electric field pulses.
TiO2 Colloid‐Spray Coated Electron‐Transporting Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Paik Min Jae , Lee Yonghui , Yun Hyun‐Sung , Lee Seung‐Un , Hong Seung‐Tack , Seok Sang Il 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTiO2 is one of the most efficient and widely used materials for electron‐transporting layer (ETLs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The formation of efficient TiO2 layers is generally carried out at high temperature by baking at a temperature >400 °C or by vacuum deposition (e.g., atomic layer deposition and E‐beam). In this study, the preparation of a TiO2 ETL for PSCs is reported with excellent properties at low temperatures based on the synthesis of a stable TiO2 colloidal aqueous solution and spray coating. The prepared TiO2 colloids are able to produce a dense and uniform ETL even if it is simply dried at 100 °C after spray coating. It is believed that this is owing to the peroxo functional group remaining on the surface of the TiO2 colloids. The TiO2 ETLs, combined with the TiO2 underlayer formed by chemical bath deposition, and the sprayed TiO2 colloids allowed the fabrication of PSCs with performance similar to those of PSCs produced by annealing at 450 °C with a TiO2 paste. The PSCs fabricated entirely at 100 °C demonstrated power conversion efficiency of 22.7% in small cells, and 19.0% in mini‐modules.
Insights into the Electrochemical Reduction Products and Processes in Silica Anodes for Next‐Generation Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Entwistle Jake E. , Booth Samuel G. , Keeble Dean S. , Ayub Faisal , Yan Maximilian , Corr Serena A. , Cumming Denis J. , Patwardhan Siddharth V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of silica as a lithium‐ion battery anode material requires a pretreatment step to induce electrochemical activity. The partially reversible electrochemical reduction reaction between silica and lithium has been postulated to produce silicon, which can subsequently reversibly react with lithium, providing stable capacities higher than graphite materials. Up to now, the electrochemical reduction pathway and the nature of the products were unknown, thereby hampering the design, optimization, and wider uptake of silica‐based anodes. Here, the electrochemical reduction pathway is uncovered and, for the first time, elemental silicon is identified as a reduction product. These insights, gleaned from analysis of the current response and capacity increase during reduction, conclusively demonstrated that silica must be reduced to introduce reversible capacity and the highest capacities of 600 mAh g−1 are achieved by using a constant load discharge at elevated temperature. Characterization via total scattering X‐ray pair distribution function analysis reveal the reduction products are amorphous in nature, highlighting the need for local structural methods to uncover vital information often inaccessible by traditional diffraction. These insights contribute toward understanding the electrochemical reduction of silica and can inform the development of pretreatment processes to enable their incorporation into next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
The Impact of COVID‐19 on Consumer Food Waste
Authors: Roe Brian E. , Bender Kathryn , Qi Danyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerhaps no phenomenon has so quickly and radically altered household production parameters and daily food patterns as the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We contemplate the immediate and longer‐term implications of this public health crisis on the amount of food wasted by consumers. We conclude that the pandemic and its aftermath may improve household skills and management practices in a manner that reduces day‐to‐day household food waste. However, pandemic‐driven disruptions may induce larger intermittent purges of food due to changes in work patterns and food service and food retailing availability. We recommend several steps to reduce waste as the pandemic unfolds.
Effect of foliar application of 2,4‐D and calcium on red‐skinned potato cultivars
Authors: Qin Ruijun , Moparthi Swarnalatha , Feldman Max , Charlton Brian , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApplications of the plant growth regulator 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and calcium (Ca) are often used to improve the tuber skin quality of red potatoes. Field trials were conducted at Klamath Falls, OR in 2004 and 2005 to evaluate the effect of foliar applications of 2,4‐D and Ca on yield components, specific gravity, and the tuber skin color of four red‐skinned potato cultivars (Red LaSoda, Mazama, Cherry Red, and Rio Rojo). Skin color was evaluated using a Konica Minolta colorimeter at three‐time points during storage. Treatments of either 2,4‐D or Ca did not affect total tuber yield. However, 2,4‐D increased the proportion of tubers less than 170 g potato. When compared to non‐treated potato plants, 2,4‐D resulted in darker tuber skin with increased red pigmentation. Foliar application of Ca did not affect the tuber yield nor skin color. Calcium addition (in a form of CaCl2) decreased specific gravity possibly due to the chloride component. All potato cultivars exhibited color fading throughout the 6‐month storage period. Our data support the evidence that foliar application of 2,4‐D effectively enhances the color of most red‐skin potatoes, whereas foliar application of Ca may be not necessary in soils with adequate Ca supply.
APOE interacts with tau PET to influence memory independently of amyloid PET in older adults without dementia
Authors: Weigand Alexandra J. , Thomas Kelsey R. , Bangen Katherine J. , Eglit Graham M.L. , Delano‐Wood Lisa , Gilbert Paul E. , Brickman Adam M. , Bondi Mark W. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) interacts with Alzheimer's disease pathology to promote disease progression. We investigated the moderating effect of APOE on independent associations of amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) with cognition.MethodsFor 297 nondemented older adults from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, regression equations modeled associations between cognition and (1) cortical amyloid beta (Aβ) PET levels adjusting for tau and (2) medial temporal lobe (MTL) tau PET levels adjusting for Aβ, including interactions with APOE ε4‐carrier status.ResultsAdjusting for tau PET, Aβ was not associated with cognition and did not interact with APOE. In contrast, adjusting for Aβ PET, MTL tau was associated with all cognitive domains. Further, there was a stronger moderating effect of APOE on MTL tau and memory associations in ε4‐carriers, even among Aβ‐negative individuals.DiscussionFindings suggest that APOE may interact with tau independently of Aβ and that elevated MTL tau confers negative cognitive consequences in Aβ‐negative ε4 carriers.
Fouling propensity of pyrolytic coke particles in aqueous phase: Thermal and spectral analysis
Authors: Pourabdollah Kobra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgglomeration–deposition of pyrolytic coke particles has been assigned as the main concern of fouling formation of olefin units in heat exchangers, vessels, and towers. The aim of this study is to investigate the agglomeration and the fouling propensity of aliphatic‐coated pyrolytic coke particles in the aqueous phase of quench water. Unusual surface properties of pyrolytic coke particles refer back to selective adsorption and formation of self‐assembled monolayers of long‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons C14–C24 on the micropores of pyrolytic coke scaffold leading to formation of a thermal sensitive coating for agglomeration of suspended particles. Agglomeration of pyrolytic coke particles on solid surfaces was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, and the morphology of fouling layer was studied. The experimental results revealed that the aliphatic coating, which encompasses about 40 wt% of the pyrolytic coke particles, is responsible for fouling propensity and particulate agglomeration of pyrolytic cokes in hot quench water. Thermal analysis as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra showed that adsorbed layer of hydrocarbons follows a first‐order burning reaction and contains negligible amounts of heteroatoms, mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Preparation of MT‐type polysiloxane containing active vinyl groups with low hydroxyl group content
Authors: Guo Shiping , Liu Qingyue , Dong Hong , Qu Zhirong , Wu Chuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMT‐type polysiloxanes containing active vinyl group were prepared under acid conditions initiated from divinyltetramethyldisiloxane and methyltrimethoxysilane by one‐pot method, co‐hydrolysis method, and reaction‐rectification coupling method, respectively. The influence of different methods on molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and ratios of each kind of segment in the MT‐type polysiloxane containing active vinyl group were discussed in detail. The results indicated that with the reaction‐rectification coupling method, the residual hydroxyl segment in the prepared MT‐type polysiloxane could be lower than 0.5 wt%. For MT‐type polysiloxanes with high hydroxyl group content, the hydroxyl content could be reduced when treated with hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, zinc naphthalate, or tetramethylammonium hydroxide under suitable conditions. Hexamethyldisilazane was the most convenient and effective regents among these four compounds, the residual hydroxyl content contained in the prepared MT‐type polysiloxanes could be reduced from 13.4 to 0.9 wt% when MT‐type polysiloxane sample was treated with hexamethyldisilazane.
Fashion fades, Chanel No. 5 remains: Epistemology between Style and Technology
Authors: Barwich Ann‐Sophie , Rodriguez Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerfumes embody a chemical record of style and technology. Blurring the boundary between what counts as natural and artificial in both a material and a perceptual sense, perfumery presents us with a domain of multiple disciplinary identities relevant to social studies: art, craft, and techno‐science. Despite its profound impact as a cultural practice, perfume has seldom featured in historical scholarship. The reason for this neglect is its inherently qualitative dimension: perfume cannot be understood via codified representation but requires direct acquaintance with its sensory and material basis. The historical study of perfumery thus necessitates an experimental approach that comes not without challenge. This article looks at contemporary recreations of old perfumes to identify the difficulties involved in the experimental recreation of fragrances as sensory and performative artifacts. We highlight the need for a reconceptualization of methodology for inconcrete objects of study as part of the broader interest in experimental approaches to the humanities.
The effects of dietary edible bird nest supplementation on learning and memory functions of multigenerational mice
Authors: Mahaq Obaidullah , P. Rameli Mohd Adha , Jaoi Edward Marilyn , Mohd Hanafi Nursyuhaida , Abdul Aziz Saleha , Abu Hassim Hasliza , Mohd Noor Mohd Hezmee , Ahmad Hafandi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionEdible bird nest (EBN) is a natural food product produced from edible nest swiftlet's saliva which consists of glycoproteins as one of its main components; these glycoproteins contain an abundant of sialic acid. The dietary EBN supplementation has been reported to enhance brain functions in mammals and that the bioactivities and nutritional value of EBN are important during periods of rapid brain growth particularly for preterm infant. However, the effects of EBN in maternal on multigeneration learning and memory function still remain unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the effects of maternal EBN supplementation on learning and memory function of their first (F1)‐ and second (F2)‐generation mice.MethodsCJ57BL/6 breeder F0 mice were fed with EBN (10 mg/kg) from different sources. After 6 weeks of diet supplementations, the F0 animals were bred to produce F1 and F2 animals. At 6 weeks of age, the F1 and F2 animals were tested for spatial recognition memory using a Y‐maze test. The sialic acid content from EBN and brain gene expression were analyzed using HPLC and PCR, respectively.ResultsAll EBN samples contained glycoprotein with high level of sialic acid. Dietary EBN supplementation also showed an upregulation of GNE, ST8SiaIV, SLC17A5, and BDNF mRNA associated with an improvement in Y‐maze cognitive performance in both generations of animal. Qualitatively, the densities of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic terminal were higher in the F1 and F2 animals which might derive from maternal EBN supplementation.ConclusionThis study provided a solid foundation toward the growing research on nutritional intervention from dietary EBN supplementation on cognitive and neurological development in the generation of mammals.
Exploring the effect of buyer engagement on green product innovation: Empirical evidence from manufacturers
Authors: Awan Usama , Nauman Shazia , Sroufe Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we are interested in how export firms organize knowledge management and increase product innovation performance. Prior studies have concluded that knowledge transfer from external actors leads to operational performance outcomes; others have questioned the positive influence of buyer‐driven knowledge transfer activities on innovation performance. Drawing on absorptive capacity, we aim to offer a better understanding, how export firms as recipients of knowledge resources, organize their internal capabilities in order to realize firm‐level product innovation. This empirical study examines the interplay of buyer‐driven knowledge activities, resource acquisition and combining, and product innovation outcomes in the context of Pakistani export firms. Drawing on survey data from 239 export‐manufacturing firms, we test hypotheses using structural equation modeling. Our findings show that buyer‐driven knowledge transfer activities play a crucial role in enhancing export firms in absorbing and combining resources that lead to product innovation. The pragmatic suggestion of the research suggests that managers look closely at developing a culture of involvement with their buyers that promotes the development of knowledge resources. The results of this study have research, policy, and managerial implications.
Dynamic reconfiguration in FPAA for technical and nontechnical education in a global environment
Authors: Macho Alejandro , Teruel Manuel G. , García‐Loro Felix , Baizan Pablo , Blazquez Manuel , Sancristobal Elio , Díaz Gabriel , Gil Rosario , Castro Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome engineering concepts have been proven to be very important not only in engineering degrees but in several areas. This knowledge is difficult to grasp under certain circumstances, and sometimes prior training is needed. This is a special challenge in full or part remote education. Simulations may help in this area, but truly experimental lab practices are crucial to grasp all the required knowledge and not only for fundamental information but for complex or indirect knowledge, where students can apply what they have learnt in classes. In this paper, we have worked on a concept to help professors and students to get new concepts in a more time‐efficient and safe manner, using dynamic reconfiguration in Field‐Programmable Analog Array. This solution can be easily applied to traditional or remote labs in less time than usual practices, so students can learn more in the same amount of time, especially when time is a constraint.
Online coding event as a formative assessment tool in introductory programming and algorithmic courses—An exploration study
Authors: Anitha Dhakshina Moorthy , Kavitha Dhakshina Moorthy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInformation technology is an integral part of current education, even in noncomputer disciplines. As the role of Information technology‐based education tools is recognized as significant in the education of millennial learners, there is a development of different types of tools and techniques in education. Usage of such tools in content delivery and assessment has been found to improve student engagement and active learning. When looking for unique tools to practice and assess computer programming and algorithmic courses, online coding events launched by popular forums have been identified as a tool for practice and assessment. These forums have been introducing new computing problems specified in a professional language, so that students get trained in programming these complex problems rather than the conventional problems. This article explores the possibility and success measure of integrating online coding events as a part of formative assessment. A study has been performed with two consecutive offerings of a course. The results obtained from the various forms of assessment are analyzed and presented in terms of correlation with summative and formative assessment scores and improved student performance. The results of the experimental study are found encouraging, thereby appreciating the usage of online coding platforms for introductory programming and algorithmic courses.
Discovery of the 2,4′‐Dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxypropiophenone Biosynthesis Genes in Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Kan Eiichiro , Tomita Hiroya , Katsuyama Yohei , Maruyama Jun‐ichi , Koyama Yasuji , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae has 27 putative iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters, but the secondary metabolites produced by them are mostly unknown. Here, we focused on eight clusters that were reported to be expressed at relatively high levels in a transcriptome analysis. By comparing metabolites between an octuple‐deletion mutant of these eight PKS gene clusters and its parent strain, we found that A. oryzae produced 2,4′‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methoxypropiophenone (1) and its precursor, 4′‐hydroxy‐3′‐methoxypropiophenone (3) in a specific liquid medium. Furthermore, an iterative type I PKS (PpsB) encoded by AO090102000166 and an acetyl‐CoA ligase (PpsA) encoded downstream from ppsB were shown to be essential for their biosynthesis. PpsC, encoded upstream from ppsB, was shown to have 3‐binding activity (Kd=26.0±6.2 μM) and is suggested to be involved in the conversion of 3 to 1. This study deepens our understanding of cryptic secondary metabolism in A. oryzae.
Comparison of the Sapien 3 versus the ACURATE neo valve system: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Kooistra Nynke H. , Intan‐Goey Valent M. P. , Ziviello Francesca , Leenders Geert E. , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Voskuil Michiel , Stella Pieter R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the outcomes of transfemoral ACURATE neo (NEO) and Sapien 3 (S3) patients in terms of device success and clinical safety outcomes using a propensity score analysis.BackgroundDifferences in clinical outcomes between the latest‐generation balloon‐expandable S3 and self‐expanding NEO in a “real‐world transfemoral TAVI population” are still unclear.MethodsWe compared up to 6 months clinical outcomes using a propensity score analysis (inverse probability of treatment weighting [IPTW]) to account for differences in baseline characteristics.ResultsA total of 345 patients underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with either NEO or S3 at two centers in the Netherlands. Composite device success and early safety endpoints were comparable between NEO and S3 (Device success: IPTW‐adjusted OR: 0.35 [95% CI: 0.12–1.18], and early safety: IPTW‐adjusted OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.19–1.38]). Six‐months mortality was 5.3 versus 3.6%, stroke was 2.8 versus 3.3%, and pacemaker rate was 6.1 versus 8.6%, respectively with p = NS. Mean aortic gradient was lower in the NEO group (5.72 ± 2.47 vs. 9.05 ± 3.48; p = <.001), with a comparable rate of moderate or severe paravalvular leak (0 versus 2.1%; p = NS).ConclusionsDevice success and clinical safety outcomes were comparable for both valves. Up to 6‐months follow‐up clinical outcomes and mortality rate remained excellent. Mean aortic gradient was lower after ACURATE neo implantation.